bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of the Hungarian draft horse population using partial mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequencing
Authors: Csizmár Nikolett , Mihók Sándor , Jávor András , Kusza Szilvia 
Published: January 2018

Background
The Hungarian draft is a horse breed with a recent mixed ancestry created in the 1920s by crossing local mares with draught horses imported from France and Belgium. The interest in its conservation and characterization has increased over the last few years. The aim of this work is to contribute to the characterization of the endangered Hungarian heavy draft horse populations in order to obtain useful information to implement conservation strategies for these genetic stocks.

Methods
To genetically characterize the breed and to set up the basis for a conservation program, in the present study a hypervariable region of the mitochrondial DNA (D-loop) was used to assess genetic diversity in Hungarian draft horses. Two hundred and eighty five sequences obtained in our laboratory and 419 downloaded sequences available from Genbank were analyzed.

Results
One hundred and sixty-four haplotypes and thirty-six polymorphic sites were observed. High haplotype and nucleotide diversity values (Hd = 0.954 ± 0.004; π = 0.028 ± 0.0004) were identified in Hungarian population, although they were higher within than among the different populations (Hd = 0.972 ± 0.002; π = 0.03097 ± 0.002). Fourteen of the previously observed seventeen haplogroups were detected.

Discussion
Our samples showed a large intra- and interbreed variation. There was no clear clustering on the median joining network figure. The overall information collected in this work led us to consider that the genetic scenario observed for Hungarian draft breed is more likely the result of contributions from ‘ancestrally’ different genetic backgrounds. This study could contribute to the development of a breeding plan for Hungarian draft horses and help to formulate a genetic conservation plan, avoiding inbreeding while.
The association between chronic bullying victimization with weight status and body self-image: a cross-national study in 39 countries
Authors: Lian Qiguo , Su Qiru , Li Ruili , Elgar Frank J. , Liu Zhihao , Zheng Dongpeng 
Published: January 2018

Background
Childhood obesity and school bullying are pervasive public health issues and known to co-occur in adolescents. However, the association between underweight or thinness and chronic bullying victimization is unclear. The current study examined whether chronic bullying victimization is associated with weight status and body self-image.

Methods
A school-based, cross-sectional study in 39 North American and European countries and regions was conducted. A total of 213,595 adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years were surveyed in 2009/10. Chronic bullying victimization was identified using the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Weight status was determined using self-reported height and weight and the body mass index (BMI), and body self-image was based on perceived weight. We tested associations between underweight and bullying victimization using three-level logistic regression models.

Results
Of the 213,595 adolescents investigated, 11.28% adolescents reported chronic bullying victimization, 14.80% were classified as overweight/obese according to age- and sex-specific BMI criteria, 12.97% were underweight, and 28.36% considered themselves a little bit fat or too fat, 14.57% were too thin. Bullying victimization was less common in older adolescent boys and girls. Weight status was associated with chronic bullying victimization (adjusted ORunderweight = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.05–1.16, p = 0.002; adjusted ORoverweight = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.32–1.49, p < 0.0001; adjusted ORobese = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.71–2.14, p < 0.0001). Body self-image also related to chronic bullying victimization (adjusted ORtoo thin = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.36–1.49, p < 0.0001; adjusted ORa little bit fat = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.48–1.61, p < 0.0001; adjusted ORtoo fat = 3.30, 95% CI = 2.96–3.68, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Both perceived weight and self-rated overweight are associated with chronic bullying victimization. Both overweight and underweight children are at risk of being chronically bullied.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ ПОДЖИГА ЖИДКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ ТОПЛИВ С НАНОПРИСАДКАМИ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Бакулин В.Н. , Великодный В. Ю. , Левин Ю. К. , Попов В. В. 
Published: January 2018

В ходе проведённых экспериментальных исследований показана высокая эффективность влияния присадок наночастиц на устойчивость поджига углеводородных топлив и стабилизацию их горения в высокочастотном высоковольтном разряде. При этом обнаружены эффекты торможения струи, увеличения объёма горящей смеси и снижения времени задержки воспламенения. Проведена количест­венная оценка указанных эффектов путём цифровой обработки кадров съёмки процесса поджига струи барботированного керосина с добавками 0,5% наночастиц графена и без этих добавок. Дано объяснение этого эффекта влиянием электродинамических процессов.
СЕТОЧНАЯ ТУРБУЛЕНТНОСТЬ И ЕЁ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ С УДАРНОЙ ВОЛНОЙ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Докукина О. И. , Терентьев Е.Н. , Штеменко Л. С. , Шугаев Ф.В. 
Published: January 2018

Экспериментально исследованы пульсации плотности и давления в турбулентном течении воздуха и аргона в ударной трубе и их взаимодействие с ударной волной, отражённой от перфорированного торца ударной трубы. Число Маха падающей волны изменялось от 1,9 до 3,9, число Маха отражённой волны - от 1,4 до 2,4. Определён масштаб турбулентных пульсаций за падающей волной. За отражённой волной он в несколько раз меньше. Обнаружено, что давление за фронтом отражённой волны в турбулентном потоке больше соответствующего значения в ламинарном потоке при прочих равных условиях (в аргоне на 12%, в воздухе на 9%).
U-PB-SHRIMP-II-ВОЗРАСТ И ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЕ ЦИРКОНА ИЗ ЛЕРЦОЛИТА ПОБУЖСКОГО ПАЛЕОАРХЕЙСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА (УКРАИНСКИЙ ЩИТ), "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Лобач-Жученко С.Б. , Балтыбаев Ш.К. , Глебовицкий В.А. , Сергеев С.А. , Лохов К.И. , Егорова Ю.С. , Балаганский В.В. , Скублов С.Г. , Галанкина О.Л. , Степанюк Л.М. 
Published: January 2018

Комплексное изучение U-Pb-, Lu-Hf-систем циркона лерцолитовой линзы в архейских гнейсоэндербитах Побужского комплекса Украинского щита показало, что магма ультраосновного состава была контаминирована материалом вмещающих гнейсоэндербитов. Возраст циркона 2,81 ± 0,05 млрд лет отвечает времени ультраосновного магматизма в пределах Побужского комплекса. Ранее этот пик эндогенной активности исследователи рассматривали только как этап проявления метаморфизма и магматизма основного состава.
2D or Not 2D: Strain Tuning in Weakly Coupled Heterostructures
Authors: Wang Ruining , Lange Felix R. L. , Cecchi Stefano , Hanke Michael , Wuttig Matthias , Calarco Raffaella 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA route to realize strain engineering in weakly bonded heterostructures is presented. Such heterostructures, consisting of layered materials with a pronounced bond hierarchy of strong and weak bonds within and across their building blocks respectively, are anticipated to grow decoupled from each other. Hence, they are expected to be unsuitable for strain engineering as utilized for conventional materials which are strongly bonded isotropically. Here, it is shown for the first time that superlattices of layered chalcogenides (Sb2Te3/GeTe) behave neither as fully decoupled two‐dimensional (2D) materials nor as covalently bonded three‐dimensional (3D) materials. Instead, they form a novel class of 3D solids with an unparalleled atomic arrangement, featuring a distribution of lattice constants, which is tunable. A map to identify further material combinations with similar characteristic is given. It opens the way for the design of a novel class of artificial solids with unexplored properties.
Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Simultaneous Thermal Infrared Invisibility and Holographic Illusion
Authors: Xie Xin , Li Xiong , Pu Mingbo , Ma Xiaoliang , Liu Kaipeng , Guo Yinghui , Luo Xiangang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn 1860s, Gustav Kirchhoff proposed his famous law of thermal radiation, setting a fundamental contradiction between the infrared reflection and thermal radiation. Here, for the first time an ultrathin plasmonic metasurface is proposed to simultaneously produce ultralow specular reflection and infrared emission across a broad spectrum and wide incident angle range by combining the low emission nature of metal and the photonic spin–orbit interaction in spatially inhomogeneous structures. As a proof‐of‐concept, a phase gradient metasurface composed of sub‐wavelength metal gratings is designed and experimentally characterized in the infrared atmosphere window of 8–14 µm, demonstrating an ultralow specular reflectivity and infrared emissivity below 0.1. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that infrared illusion could be generated by the metasurface, enabling not only invisibility for thermal and laser detection, but also multifunctionalities for potential applications. This technology is also scalable across a wide range of electromagnetic spectrum and provides a feasible alternative for surface coating.
Reverse Microemulsion‐Assisted Synthesis of NiCo2S4 Nanoflakes Supported on Nickel Foam for Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yu Jing , Lv Chunxiao , Zhao Lu , Zhang Lixue , Wang Zonghua , Liu Qingyun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost and highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction has been the subject of intensive research focus with the increasing demand for energy conversion technologies. Herein, synthesis of nickel cobalt sulfide (NiCo2S4) nanoflakes grown on 3D nickel foam (NF) is reported by a reverse microemulsion‐assisted method appearing benign water‐splitting activity and stability. The binder‐free, self‐supported NiCo2S4/NF electrode delivers a current density of 100 mA cm–2 at an overpotential of 319 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction and a current density of 10 mA cm–2 at 169 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction in 1 m KOH. When using it as a cathode and an anode in a two‐electrode water electrolysis system, it demonstrates a remarkable activity for overall water splitting to deliver 10 mA cm–2 at a cell voltage of 1.61 V, thus offering an attractive cost‐effective earth abundant electrocatalyst toward water splitting.
Highly Efficient Artificial Light‐Harvesting Systems Constructed in Aqueous Solution Based on Supramolecular Self‐Assembly
Authors: Guo Shuwen , Song Yongshang , He Yuling , Hu Xiao‐Yu , Wang Leyong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHighly efficient light‐harvesting systems were successfully fabricated in aqueous solution based on the supramolecular self‐assembly of a water‐soluble pillar[6]arene (WP6), a salicylaldehyde azine derivative (G), and two different fluorescence dyes, Nile Red (NiR) or Eosin Y (ESY). The WP6‐G supramolecular assembly exhibits remarkably improved aggregation‐induced emission enhancement and acts as a donor for the artificial light‐harvesting system, and NiR or ESY, which are loaded within the WP6‐G assembly, act as acceptors. An efficient energy‐transfer process takes place from the WP6‐G assembly not only to NiR but also to ESY for these two different systems. Furthermore, both of the WP6‐G‐NiR and WP6‐G‐ESY systems show an ultrahigh antenna effect at a high donor/acceptor ratio.
Packaging technology for improving shelf‐life of fruits based on a nanoporous–crystalline polymer
Authors: Rizzo Paola , Cozzolino Antonietta , Albunia Alexandra R. , Giuffrè Angelo Maria , Sicari Vincenzo , Di Maio Luciano , Daniel Christophe , Venditto Vincenzo , Galimberti Maurizio , Mensitieri Giuseppe , Guerra Gaetano 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe ability of films with an active layer of nanoporous–crystalline syndiotactic polystyrene (s‐PS) to prolong shelf‐life, not only of climacteric but also of non‐climacteric fruits, is discussed. Studies on oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the environment of packaged fruits as well as in s‐PS active layers have been combined. Reported results indicate that prolonged shelf‐life can be associated with large increases and decreases of carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations inside the package, respectively. These data are consistent with a higher barrier offered to both gases by nanoporous–crystalline s‐PS layers. This barrier phenomenon is due to reduction of gas diffusivity typical of nanoporous–crystalline polymer films, which is further enhanced by orientation, parallel to the film plane, of crystalline planes of closely packed s‐PS helices. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46256.
Temperature effect on graphene‐filled interface between glass–carbon hybrid fibers and epoxy resin characterized by fiber‐bundle pull‐out test
Authors: Yang Bin , Tang Xiaojun , Yang Kang , Xuan Fu‐Zhen , Xiang Yanxun , He Liang , Sha Jin 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe overall mechanical performance of glass–carbon hybrid fibers reinforced epoxy composites depends heavily upon fiber–matrix interfacial properties and the service temperatures. Fiber‐bundle pull‐out tests of glass (GF) and/or carbon fiber (CF) reinforced epoxy composites were carried out at room and elevated temperatures. Graphene nanoplatelets were added in the interfacial region to investigate their influence on the interfacial shear strength (IFSS). Results show that IFSS of specimens with fiber‐bundle number ratio of GF:CF = 1:2 is the largest among the hybrid composites, and a positive hybridization effect is found at elevated temperatures. IFSS of all the specimens decreases with the increasing of test temperatures, while the toughness shows a contrary tendency. As verified by scanning electron microscopy observations, graphene nanoplatelets on fiber surface could enhance the IFSS of pure glass/carbon and hybrid fibers reinforced epoxy composites at higher temperatures significantly. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46263.
A computational approach to support the creation of terminological neologisms in sign languages
Authors: Souza Celso L. , Pádua Flávio L.C. , Lima Vera L.S. , Lacerda Anisio , Carneiro Carlos A.G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis work presents a novel approach to support the creation of terminological neologisms (technical signs) for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) dictionaries in sign languages. We propose the use of computational methods to assist the creation of terminological neologisms that will constitute new STEM dictionaries. More specifically, we propose the use of computer vision algorithms for shape extraction and description from the visual representation (illustration) of a signless technical concept, as well as natural language processing methods for determining the stem of its corresponding oral term. By comparing those pieces of information of the signless technical concept with the corresponding ones of general‐purpose signs in a repository, our approach creates a meaningful new sign from the existing ones with similar features. As far as we know, this is the first computer‐aided proposal to create new signs and deal with the problem of technical vocabulary absence in sign languages, making the process of sign creation more agile and scalable. To validate the created technical signs, an evaluation committee composed by fluent signers considers aspects such as, the phonetic, phonological, and morphological structures of the sign language. Experiments were performed with technical concepts of the architectural drawing area, for which new signs in the Brazilian Sign Language were created. The results are promising with 60% of the new signs being rated on a five‐point scale with a similar satisfaction level of signs of a reference dataset.
Xenotopic expression of alternative electron transport enzymes in animal mitochondria and their impact in health and disease
Authors: Camargo André F. , Chioda Marina M. , Rodrigues Ana P. C. , Garcia Geovana S. , McKinney Emily A. , Jacobs Howard T. , Oliveira Marcos T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe mitochondrial respiratory chain in vertebrates and arthropods is different from that of most other eukaryotes because they lack alternative enzymes that provide electron transfer pathways additional to the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. However, the use of diverse experimental models, such as human cells in culture, Drosophila melanogaster and the mouse, has demonstrated that the transgenic expression of these alternative enzymes can impact positively many phenotypes associated with human mitochondrial and other cellular dysfunction, including those typically presented in complex IV deficiencies, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's. In addition, these enzymes have recently provided extremely valuable data on how, when, and where reactive oxygen species, considered by many as “by‐products” of OXPHOS, can contribute to animal longevity. It has also been shown that the expression of the alternative enzymes is thermogenic in cultured cells, causes reproductive defects in flies, and enhances the deleterious phenotype of some mitochondrial disease models. Therefore, all the reported beneficial effects must be considered with caution, as these enzymes have been proposed to be deployed in putative gene therapies to treat human diseases. Here, we present a brief review of the scientific data accumulated over the past decade that show the benefits and the risks of introducing alternative branches of the electron transport into mammalian and insect mitochondria, and we provide a perspective on the future of this research field.
Modulation of mitochondrial metabolism as a biochemical trait in blood feeding organisms: the redox vampire hypothesis redux
Authors: Ferreira Caroline M. , Oliveira Matheus P. , Paes Marcia C. , Oliveira Marcus F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHematophagous organisms undergo remarkable metabolic changes during the blood digestion process, increasing fermentative glucose metabolism, and reducing respiratory rates, both consequence of functional mitochondrial remodeling. Here, we review the pathways involved in energy metabolism and mitochondrial functionality in a comparative framework across different hematophagous species, and consider how these processes regulate redox homeostasis during blood digestion. The trend across distinct species indicate that a switch in energy metabolism might represent an important defensive mechanism to avoid the potential harmful interaction of oxidants generated from aerobic energy metabolism with products derived from blood digestion. Indeed, in insect vectors, blood feeding transiently reduces respiratory rates and oxidant production, irrespective of tissue and insect model. On the other hand, a different scenario is observed in several unrelated parasite species when exposed to blood digestion products, as respiratory rates reduce and mitochondrial oxidant production increase. The emerging picture indicates that re‐wiring of energy metabolism, through reduced mitochondrial function, culminates in improved tolerance to redox insults and seems to represent a key step for hematophagous organisms to cope with the overwhelming and potentially toxic blood meal.
Glycerol Oxidation Using MgO‐ and Al2O3‐supported Gold and Gold–Palladium Nanoparticles Prepared in the Absence of Polymer Stabilizers
Authors: Dodekatos Georgios , Abis Laura , Freakley Simon J. , Tüysüz Harun , Hutchings Graham J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAu and AuPd nanoparticles supported on MgO and Al2O3 were employed for the selective aqueous phase oxidation of glycerol under basic conditions. Catalysts were prepared by sol‐immobilization without the addition of a stabilizing agent such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which is generally added to stabilize the noble metal sol prior to immobilization. The obtained materials prepared with and without stabilizing agent were active for glycerol oxidation and showed similar catalytic performances—implying that the stabilizing polymer is not required to obtain active materials. Depending on the support used, it was possible to tailor the selectivity towards the desired oxidation products by using catalysts prepared with or without stabilizing agent. PVA‐free Au/γ‐Al2O3 exhibited a remarkably high selectivity towards tartronic acid (40 % at 97 % conversion), which was not observed for Au/γ‐Al2O3 prepared with PVA (27 % at isoconversion). Selective glycerol oxidation performed under base‐free conditions over AuPd/MgO catalysts also corroborated the previous results that the presence of a stabilizing polymer is not required to prepare active catalysts by sol‐immobilization. Thus, a facile way to circumvent the inherent drawbacks encountered by the use of polymer stabilizers during catalyst preparation is presented herein. Experimental results suggest that the presence of the polymer stabilizers can affect the reaction pathways and control selectivity.
Entropically driven Polymeric Enzyme Inhibitors by End‐Group directed Conjugation
Authors: Hijazi Montasser , Krumm Christian , Cinar Suelyman , Arns Loana , Alachraf Wasim , Hiller Wolf , Schrader Wolfgang , Winter Roland , Tiller Joerg C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA new generic concept for polymeric enzyme inhibitors is presented using the example of poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PMOx) terminated with an iminodiacetate (IDA) function. These polymers are shown to be non‐competitive inhibitors for horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Mechanistic investigations revealed that the polymer is directed to the protein by its end group and collapses at the surface in an entropy‐driven process as shown by isothermal titration calorimetry. The dissociation constant of the complex was determined as the inhibition constant Ki using HRP kinetic activity measurements. Additional experiments suggest that the polymer does not form a diffusion layer around the protein, but might inhibit by inducing minor conformational changes in the protein. This kind of inhibitor offers new avenues towards designing bioactive compounds.
Evaluation of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Efficacy After Single and Multiple Dosings of LY3016859 in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Sloan‐Lancaster Joanne , Raddad Eyas , Deeg Mark A. , Eli Michelle , Flynt Amy , Tumlin James 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTwo phase 1 studies (TGAA and TGAB) evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of LY3016859 (LY), a monoclonal antibody that binds epiregulin and transforming growth factor α (TGF‐α), administered intravenously or subcutaneously. In TGAA, 56 healthy subjects received a single dose of LY (0.1–750 mg intravenously, 50 mg subcutaneously) or placebo. In TGAB part A, 15 patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) received 2 doses of LY (10–750 mg intravenously) or placebo, and in TGAB part B, 45 patients with DN received 5 doses of LY (50–750 mg intravenously) or placebo. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, anti‐LY antibodies, and change in proteinuria and albuminuria were evaluated. Single and multiple doses of LY administered 3 weeks apart were well tolerated. Pharmacokinetics were nonlinear in healthy subjects and patients with DN, indicating target‐mediated drug disposition. Epiregulin level increased in both studies, and TGF‐α levels increased in the TGAB study, consistent with target engagement; however, LY treatment did not significantly reduce proteinuria or albuminuria in patients with DN. There was no obvious effect of LY on the disease‐related biomarkers monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, synaptopodin, or transferrin. Although LY administration resulted in a high frequency of anti‐LY antibodies, pharmacokinetics, target engagement, and efficacy were not impacted.