bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Studies and Verification of the Vertical Array-Differential Target Antenna Coupling (DTAC) Method for Rapid Sensing and Imaging of Subsurface Targets
Authors: Sternberg Ben K. , Feng Wanjie , Dvorak Steven L. , Reavis Richard D. 
Published: December 2015

We have developed a new electromagnetic geophysical system that has significantly improved target sensing and imaging capabilities compared to conventional measurements. In a previous series of papers, we described a new measurement technology called the Differential Target Antenna Coupling (DTAC) method, which used a magnetic-field transmitter (TX) and a magnetic-field receiver (RX), oriented in a horizontal array, with separation distances of the order of tens of meters, and up to tens of kilometers. In the present paper, we use the DTAC method in a vertical-array configuration, with the TX coil directly above two null-coupled RX coils. This vertical array provides a number of important advantages over the large-offset horizontal array for some applications. For example, the vertical array-DTAC method can be adapted to rapidly moving measurements, such as from a helicopter. In addition, the vertical array-DTAC method also suppresses surface clutter, such as fences, steel buildings, and parked vehicles. The DTAC method uses at least two frequencies. One frequency is used as a reference signal to establish the null direction at that frequency, and then a different frequency is used to measure the change in the null at the new frequency. We can also use an arbitrary number of frequencies with just one reference frequency for wide-bandwidth spectral measurements. We first describe the vertical array-DTAC measurement system and discuss the calibration procedure for the instrumentation. Next, we discuss the methods employed for scale-model testing of the system. We validate the vertical array-DTAC method using small-scale controlled tests and demonstrate the enhanced resolution and sensitivity of the vertical array-DTAC method. Suitable TX moments and frequency ranges can be selected for effective study of near-surface targets (civil engineering, water resource, and environmental characterization) as well as deep targets (mining and other natural-resource exploration).
Numerical Studies and Potential Applications of the Vertical Array-Differential Target Antenna Coupling (DTAC) Method for Rapid Sensing and Imaging of Subsurface Targets
Authors: Sternberg Ben K. , Feng Wanjie , Dvorak Steven L. 
Published: December 2015

A new electromagnetic geophysical system has been developed that significantly improves target sensing and imaging capabilities compared to conventional measurements. The Differential Target Antenna Coupling (DTAC) method uses at least two frequencies. One frequency is used as a reference signal to establish the null direction in the magnetic field at that frequency, and then a different frequency is used to measure the change in the null at the new frequency. We can also use an arbitrary number of frequencies with just one reference frequency for wide-bandwidth spectral measurements. Using numerical simulations, we have demonstrated six key aspects of the vertical array-DTAC method: 1) Errors in the receiver coil orientation have little effect on the measurements; 2) anomalies caused by variations in the background resistivity have little effect on the measurements; 3) surface interference, e.g., fences, buildings, and vehicles, have little effect on the measurements; 4) high resolution mapping of targets has been demonstrated through a series of model simulations; 5) frequency-domain measurements, or off-time transient measurements, can be used to provide the required information. Current airborne electromagnetic (AEM) technology can be adapted to this method; and 6) the method can be adapted to a variety of rapidly moving survey applications, including near-surface targets (civil engineering, water resource, and environmental restoration) as well as deep targets (mining and other natural-resource exploration).
Effect of Polishing Systems on Surface Roughness and Topography of Monolithic Zirconia
Authors: Goo CL , Yap AUJ , Tan KBC , Fawzy AS 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARY
This study evaluated the effect of different chairside polishing systems on the surface roughness and topography of monolithic zirconia. Thirty-five monolithic zirconia specimens (Lava PLUS, 3M ESPE) were fabricated and divided into five groups of seven and polished with the following: Group 1 (WZ)—Dura white stone followed by Shofu zirconia polishing kit; Group 2 (SZ)—Shofu zirconia polishing kit; Group 3 (CE)—Ceramiste porcelain polishers; Group 4 (CM)—Ceramaster porcelain polishers; and Group 5 (KZ)—Komet ZR zirconia polishers. All specimens were ground with a fine-grit diamond bur prior to polishing procedures to simulate clinical finishing. Baseline and post-polishing profilometric readings were recorded and delta Ra values (difference in mean surface roughness before and after polishing) were computed and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc test (p&lt;0.05). Representative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the ground but unpolished and polished specimens were acquired. Delta Ra values ranged from 0.146 for CE to 0.400 for KZ. Delta Ra values for KZ, WZ, and SZ were significantly greater than for CE. Significant differences in delta Ra values were also observed between KZ and CM. The SEM images obtained were consistent with the profilometric findings. Diamond-impregnated polishing systems were more effective than silica carbide–impregnated ones in reducing the surface roughness of ground monolithic zirconia.
Rationale and methodology for a population-based study of diabetes and common eye diseases in a rural area in Bangladesh: Bangladesh Population based Diabetes and Eye Study (BPDES)
Authors: Chakrabarti Rahul , Finger Robert P , Lamoureux Ecosse , Islam M Tauhidul , Dirani Mohamed , Bhuiyan Alauddin , Islam Silvia Z , Wahab Mohamed A , Islam Fakir M Amirul 
Published: December 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study were (i) to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) and impact of socioeconomic factors upon the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes (ii) compute a diabetes risk score and (iii) estimate the undiagnosed prevalence of hypertension amongst a large adult population in rural Bangladesh. Methods/design: A sample of 3104 adults aged ?30 years were interviewed from a cluster sample of 18 villages in the Banshgram Union of the Narail District, Bangladesh. Each participant was interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire that assessed participant knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) regarding diabetes, its risk factors, complications and management. Data on demographic details, education, socioeconomic status, medical history, dietary and lifestyle behavior was obtained. Fasting capillary glucose, blood pressure, presenting vision and anthropometric parameters were measured. Participants were stratified into those without diabetes, pre-diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes (known and newly diagnosed). The association of KAP components and other risk factors with diabetes status was assessed. Logistic regression analysis allowed for the development of a non-invasive risk-stratification tool to be developed and implemented for the rural Bangladeshi community. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to report the associations of risk factors with the severity of hypertension. Results and discussion: In Banshgram, over 95% people had not undergone any previous diabetes screening. Baseline demographics estimated the prevalence of diabetes in the sample was 3.2% (n=99). 47% of participants had no formal education. Whilst there is literature on the prevalence of diabetes in urban and semi-urban Bangladesh there is a paucity of evidence examining the impact of KAP of diabetes amongst the general community. We believe that the BPDES has developed a methodology to provide new evidence to guide health policy and targeted population-based interventions in these rural areas.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(4) 2015 p.367-375
Postglacial migration and adaptation for dispersal in pitch pine (Pinaceae)
Authors: Ledig F. Thomas , Smouse Peter E. , Hom John L. 
Published: December 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Variation in a species is a blend of adaptive, random, and migratory responses. Pitch pine (Pinus rigida), a highly variable eastern conifer, has occupied multiple glacial refugia, whose harsh conditions favored adaptations enhancing subsequent dispersal and recolonization of newly deglaciated sites. We assessed phenotypic diversity in long‐term growth trials to elucidate both the adaptations and likely refugia.METHODS:Pitch pine progeny from 31 areas were grown in common gardens in six locations, from eastern Massachusetts to Korea.KEY RESULTS:Survival increased with source latitude, but seedlings from southern latitudes were tallest in the first (postplanting) year, but that advantage dissipated in later years. Progeny from northern latitudes were precocious, highly fecund, had smaller seeds, and more seeds per cone. Seed mass decreased with latitude in both parents and progeny. Serotinous cones were notably common in the New Jersey Pine Plains and Acadia National Park. Various disease agents and frost burn exhibited latitudinal trends that were nonlinear, with a break in the regression slope at about 40°N latitude. Cluster analysis identified both northern and southern groups, largely split between unglaciated and deglaciated terrain, but with Acadia and the Pine Plains as unique outliers. Within the southern group, provenances were organized into contiguous subgroups, but geographic structure was less evident in the northern group.CONCLUSIONS:The present range of pitch pine was colonized by migrants from at least three different refugia, including at least one on the exposed continental shelf during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Euphorbia plant latex is inhabited by diverse microbial communities
Authors: Gunawardana Manjula , Hyde Embriette R. , Lahmeyer Sean , Dorsey Brian L. , La Val Taylor P. , Mullen Madeline , Yoo Jennifer , Knight Rob , Baum Marc M. 
Published: December 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The antimicrobial properties and toxicity of Euphorbia plant latex should make it a hostile environment to microbes. However, when specimens from Euphorbia spp. were propagated in tissue culture, microbial growth was observed routinely, raising the question whether the latex of this diverse plant genus can be a niche for polymicrobial communities.METHODS:Latex from a phylogenetically diverse set of Euphorbia species was collected and genomic microbial DNA extracted. Deep sequencing of bar‐coded amplicons from taxonomically informative gene fragments was used to measure bacterial and fungal species richness, evenness, and composition.KEY RESULTS:Euphorbia latex was found to contain unexpectedly complex bacterial (mean: 44.0 species per sample; 9 plants analyzed) and fungal (mean: 20.9 species per sample; 22 plants analyzed) communities using culture‐independent methods. Many of the identified taxa are known plant endophytes, but have not been previously found in latex.CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that Euphorbia plant latex, a putatively hostile antimicrobial environment, unexpectedly supports diverse bacterial and fungal communities. The ecological roles of these microorganisms and potential interactions with their host plants are unknown and warrant further research.
Patterns of seed bank and vegetation diversity along a tidal freshwater river
Authors: Elsey‐Quirk Tracy , Leck Mary Allessio 
Published: December 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Species richness and diversity may increase with spatial scale related to increased area and heterogeneity of habitat. Yet, in bidirectional hydrologically connected tidal ecosystems, secondary dispersal via hydrochory has the potential to homogenize seed banks, and both life history characteristics and tolerances to environmental conditions influence the composition of plant communities. How species richness, diversity, and composition of seed banks and vegetation change along environmental gradients and at different spatial scales is not well understood.METHODS:We explored the relationships of seed bank and vegetation diversity across 135 plots along a tidal freshwater river in the Delaware Estuary, USA. Species richness and diversity were partitioned across three hierarchical spatial scales: individual plots, transects perpendicular to the tidal channel, and river kilometers. Community structure was also examined as it related to distance from the tidal channel and location along the tidal river.KEY RESULTS:Species richness was 89 in the seed bank and 54 in the vegetation. Species‐area relationships revealed that species richness reached a near maximum asymptote inland (20 m from channel) for the seed bank and at the edge (0 m) for the vegetation. Rare occurrences of species in the seed bank and vegetation were greatest 5 m from the channel edge. As spatial scale increased, seed bank richness increased, associated with the progressive accumulation of species. Seed bank diversity, however, was maximized within small plot areas and along the river. Diversity of the vegetation was maximized locally due to the abundance of a few common species.CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that suites of common species contributed to high localized vegetation diversity, yet large spatial scales maximized the number and diversity of species in the seed bank and vegetation through rare encounters, as well as the complexity of the landscape.
Le Capital : une analytique des formes
Authors: Bensussan Gérard 
Published: December 2015

L’œuvre de Marx, et singulièrement l’œuvre de la maturité, Le Capital en particulier, déploie une analytique des formes . Un rapport social n’est rien d’autre que sa manifestation concrète, soit sa « forme » ; les formes économiques matérialisent des rapports sociaux. Marx pense formes , donc, et tout autant forces et tendances . C’est autour de cette pensée-formes/forces/tendances que s’inaugure quelque chose de très radicalement étranger à tout idéalisme spéculatif. Mais il est incontestable que Marx s’empresse trop simplement de rapporter son analytique des formes (c’est-à-dire son « matérialisme », fût-il « historique ») à une détermination des contradictions (c’est-à-dire à une « dialectique », fût-elle « matérialiste »), ce qui ne va pas sans soulever de très considérables difficultés de lecture que ce texte s’efforce de repérer.
Des souffrances multiples à la souffrance paroxystique
Authors: Karavdic Senad , Bucki Barbara , Baumann Michèle 
Published: December 2015

Notre propos s’inscrit dans une compréhension des mécanismes présents dans la déconstruction des souffrances psychiques. Avec l’appui du RE.SO.NORD (REseau du centre SOcial de la région du NORD) du Luxembourg, un diagnostic sur les souffrances des personnes habitant les communes rurales a été réalisé auprès des professionnels de première ligne des domaines de la santé et du social qui les côtoient au quotidien. Vingt-six professionnels ont participé à des entretiens au cours desquels ils ont décrit les souffrances multiples de leurs clients. Elles sont apparues comme les effets d’une dérive et montrent comment les processus d’amplification des souffrances psychiques (anxiété permanente, dépression, etc.) et d’accumulation des facteurs sociaux et familiaux (perte d’emploi, séparation familiale, etc.) peuvent aboutir à l’émergence d’états de santé mentale critiques. Dans cette logique de gradation paroxystique, les problèmes de santé mentale viennent s’agréger à un ensemble de comportements délétères. Cette gradation illustre un état que les clients atteignent lorsque les sphères intime et sociale se dégradent de concert. La souffrance paroxystique représente alors cet état au cours duquel les personnes semblent avoir comme perdu face à leurs souffrances et ne parviennent plus à s’en relever. Les professionnels reconnaissent un manque d’information et d’incitation à la consultation médicale que leurs clients redoutent par crainte d’une stigmatisation. Ils admettent l’existence d’un manque de coordination et d’accès aux soins de santé primaires et manquer d’aides pour ceux qui souffrant et leurs aidants familiaux afin de les préparer à devenir des acteurs capables de mobiliser leur « capabilité de santé ».
Risques et sécurité : la banque de données Inform@zione et la promotion de la santé dans les lieux de travail
Authors: Lalli Pina , Capelli Claudia 
Published: December 2015

Cet article présente les premiers résultats d’une recherche sur la sécurité et la santé sur les lieux de travail. Dans une perspective socio-culturelle, cette recherche analyse les processus de communication mis en œuvre dans les actions de prévention, au sein du contexte spécifique de la santé publique. L’analyse se centre sur un cas d’étude : le projet Inform@zione , initiative nationale réalisée par trois organismes publics italiens, pour constituer des archives numériques utilisables dans la formation et la promotion de la sécurité au travail.
Le projet de vie, une trajectoire éprouvée
Authors: Deulceux Sandrine 
Published: December 2015

La construction identitaire, bien qu’elle vise un idéal, est un processus essentiel pour l’individu du XXI e siècle. Tel l’ homme total , il se lance dans la quête de son individualité qui devient l’un des facteurs de son émancipation et de son épanouissement. L’éducation et la formation tout au long de la vie lui donnent alors la possibilité de se réaliser pleinement et de découvrir « d’autres terres, d’autres horizons pour assouvir » (Lefebvre, 1980) à la fois ses désirs propres mais aussi pour répondre à l’injonction sociale d’être créatif.
De l’épreuve de la critique à la critique de l’épreuve au travail et en formation
Authors: Bertrand Eric 
Published: December 2015

Quelle place occupe la notion d’épreuve dans le processus de formation expérientielle des adultes ? C’est ce à quoi répond cette contribution, en mobilisant le champ de la sociologie critique française, le courant nord-américain du transformative learning et ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler l’École vincennoise (Lourau, Ardoino). L’article montre notamment les enjeux épistémologique, méthodologique et pédagogique d’un modèle d’analyse et de pratiques d’accompagnement qui consacre le concept de réflexivité dans une acception multiréférentielle.
Les épreuves imposées à l’école par l’éducation à la citoyenneté dans un pays multicommunautaire : le cas du Liban
Authors: Ouba Charbel 
Published: December 2015

Le Liban, pays de dix-huit communautés religieuses officiellement reconnues par l’État, a subi, à partir de 1975, une terrible et sanglante guerre civile qui a duré une quinzaine d’années. Ces communautés religieuses s’entre-déchirent jusqu’à présent pour créer un Liban à leur image. La liberté de l’enseignement approuvée par la constitution permet à chaque communauté religieuse d’avoir ses propres institutions scolaires et son propre projet d’éducation. De ce fait, l’éducation à la citoyenneté impose des épreuves à tous les Libanais ainsi qu’aux différentes écoles. En effet, le Libanais appartient d’abord à sa communauté religieuse, puis à sa famille politique et enfin au Liban. Comment peut-on donc arrêter un programme pour éduquer les nouvelles générations à une citoyenneté nationale et non communautaire ?
Quelques propos sur le football
Authors: Michéa Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2015

Le développement de l’économie mondiale de marché la conduit à dissoudre en permanence toutes les cultures et traditions populaires encore existantes, quitte à en récupérer certains aspects lorsqu’ils sont source de profit. C’est ainsi que le football, naguère « religion laïque du prolétariat » (Éric Hobsbawm), est devenu l’un des rouages privilégiés de la marchandisation du monde et de son soft power. C’est le grand mérite des critiques de l’« idéologie sportive » que d’avoir su mettre ce point essentiel en évidence. Celles-ci restent toutefois partielles et ambiguës dans la mesure où elles ne conduisent jamais à s’interroger – du fait de ses présupposés élitistes et puritains – sur les transformations que cette appropriation marchande du sport induit logiquement sur la nature du jeu : à savoir la disparition progressive du jeu collectif, « artiste » et tourné vers l’offensive, au profit du seul culte utilitariste du résultat à tout prix. Pour comprendre à quel point la logique capitaliste contribue ainsi à dénaturer en profondeur l’essence même de ce sport, encore faudrait-il rompre avec ce mépris libéral des passions populaires qui conduit inévitablement à confondre l’« esprit sportif », fondé sur les valeurs privilégiées du don, de la gratuité et du « beau jeu », avec cette seule « idéologie sportive » qui en est la négation.
« Le sport est un milieu pauvre où l’on rencontre les gens les plus riches »
Authors: Sallem Ryadh 
Published: December 2015

Entretien avec le recordman du monde du relais quatre nages, joueur international de basket et de rugby fauteuil, qui a participé à quatre Jeux paralympiques. Le sport de haut niveau comme don « extrême » de soi.
Le sens du don : les offres sportives au travail
Authors: Pierre Julien 
Published: December 2015

À partir de l’analyse de l’« offre » sportive proposée aux salariés du secteur privé, cet article entend interroger la résonance de la théorie maussienne du don – du donner-recevoir-rendre – dans les grandes entreprises. Il s’agit de comprendre pourquoi et comment le sport, qui symbolise l’opposition coopération/compétition tout en permettant a priori de concilier performance et santé au travail, est perçu par nombre de salariés comme un don de l’entreprise. Dans quelle mesure les offres sportives internes agissent-elles sur ces derniers ? Quels contre-dons appellent l’avènement de ces services intégrés au cœur des établissements de travail ? Nous verrons notamment comment une offre sportive encourage les salariés à s’investir corps et âme au travail, modifiant leur perception de l’entreprise et réintroduisant par là même une forme de socialité primaire dans un milieu plutôt marqué par une logique impersonnelle du marché (Caillé).