bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anhedonia and cognitive function in adults with MDD: results from the International Mood Disorders Collaborative Project
Authors: McIntyre Roger S. , Woldeyohannes Hanna O. , Soczynska Joanna K. , Maruschak Nadia A. , Wium-Andersen Ida K. , Vinberg Maj , Cha Danielle S. , Lee Yena , Xiao Holly X. , Gallaugher Laura Ashley , Dale Roman M. , Alsuwaidan Mohammad T. , Mansur Rodrigo B. , Muzina David J. , Carvalho Andre F. , Jerrell Jeanette M. , Kennedy Sidney H. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundCognitive dysfunction is common in major depressive disorder (MDD) and a critical determinant of health outcome. Anhedonia is a criterion item toward the diagnosis of a major depressive episode (MDE) and a well-characterized domain in MDD. We sought to determine the extent to which variability in self-reported cognitive function correlates with anhedonia.MethodA post hoc analysis was conducted using data from (N=369) participants with aDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)-defined diagnosis of MDD who were enrolled in the International Mood Disorders Collaborative Project (IMDCP) between January 2008 and July 2013. The IMDCP is a collaborative research platform at the Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, and the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Measures of cognitive function, anhedonia, and depression severity were analyzed using linear regression equations.ResultsA total of 369 adults with DSM-IV-TR–defined MDD were included in this analysis. Self-rated cognitive impairment [ie, as measured by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS)] was significantly correlated with a proxy measure of anhedonia (r=0.131, p=0.012). Moreover, total depression symptom severity, as measured by the total Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score, was also significantly correlated with self-rated measures of cognitive dysfunction (r=0.147, p=0.005). The association between anhedonia and self-rated cognitive dysfunction remained significant after adjusting for illness severity (r=0.162, p=0.007).ConclusionsThese preliminary results provide empirical data for the testable hypothesis that anhedonia and self-reported cognitive function in MDD are correlated yet dissociable domains. The foregoing observation supports the hypothesis of overlapping yet discrete neurobiological substrates for these domains.
The Role of Born-Again Identity on the Political Attitudes of Whites, Blacks, Latinos, and Asian Americans
Authors: Wong Janelle S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTogether, Asian American and Latino evangelicals constitute about 13% of all evangelicals in the United States. This proportion is surely going to increase as new immigrants enter the United States from Asia and Latin America and the number of White evangelicals remains steady or even falls. But the extent and nature of the effects of evangelical identity on the political attitudes of growing numbers of Latinos and Asian Americans have not been studied systematically. This article aims to fill that gap by comparing the effects of evangelical identity on political attitudes across a range of groups to better address the conditional effects of religious identity on political orientations in an increasingly diverse context. The primary research question driving the study is does born-again identity play a consistent role across racial groups in determining political attitudes?
“It’s Their Responsibility, Not	Ours”
Authors: Froehlich Laura , Martiny Sarah E. , Deaux Kay , Mok Sog Yee 
Published: December 2015

Abstract. In many countries, there is a gap in academic performance between native-born students and students with certain immigrant backgrounds. Based on ultimate attribution error theory, we examined the stereotypes and causal attributions that German student teachers use to account for immigrants’ underperformance. By including both Turkish-origin and Italian-origin migrants, we assessed whether these judgments are group-specific. A pilot study (N = 70) showed that Turkish-origin migrants were viewed more negatively than either Germans or Italian-origin migrants. Studies 1 (N = 65) and 2 (N = 54) showed that negative stereotypes moderated judgments of internal responsibility for both immigrant groups. Study 2 also showed that negative stereotypes moderated external attributions for the underperformance of Turkish-origin, but not Italian-origin, migrants.
From the Editor: An Introduction to the
JSLHR
Supplement on Implementation Science
Authors: Paul Rhea 
Published: December 2015

Purpose

The
JSLHR
Supplement on Implementation Science is aimed at providing discussion and examples of research in
implementation science
, the study of methods designed to promote the incorporation of research findings into clinical practice.

Methods
Practitioners in the language science area were invited to submit articles that address their experience with various aspects of implementation science.

Results
Six articles from several research groups comprise this supplement.

Conclusions
Implementation science is an aspect of intervention research that merits consideration by communication disorders scientists. More extensive practice of implementation science will improve uptake of evidence-based practice in the clinical community.
Evolution of maternal effect senescence
Authors: Moorad Jacob A. , Nussey Daniel H. 
Published: December 2015

SignificanceEvolutionary theory underpins our understanding of the aging process. The many aspects of reproduction that decline with maternal age in animals include number of offspring born, offspring size, and neonatal survival. Current theories of aging ignore potential differences in the evolutionary pressures on these traits. Here, we combine two important branches of evolutionary theory to allow consideration of age-dependent selection at both offspring and maternal levels. We show that we should actually expect the rates of age-related decline in female fertility and offspring performance to diverge under selection. Our model has the potential to significantly improve our understanding of the evolution of reproductive senescence and, more generally, the variability of aging patterns in nature.
Forecasting the Impacts of Silver and Bighead Carp on the Lake Erie Food Web
Authors: Zhang Hongyan , Rutherford Edward S. , Mason Doran M. , Breck Jason T. , Wittmann Marion E. , Cooke Roger M. , Lodge David M. , Rothlisberger John D. , Zhu Xinhua , Johnson Timothy B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNonindigenous bigheaded carps (Bighead CarpHypophthalmichthys nobilisand Silver CarpH. molitrix; hereafter, “Asian carps” [AC]) threaten to invade and disrupt food webs and fisheries in the Laurentian Great Lakes through their high consumption of plankton. To quantify the potential effects of AC on the food web in Lake Erie, we developed an Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) food web model and simulated four AC diet composition scenarios (high, low, and no detritus and low detritus with WalleyeSander vitreusand Yellow PerchPerca flavescenslarvae) and two nutrient load scenarios (the 1999 baseline load and 2× the baseline [HP]). We quantified the uncertainty of the potential AC effects by coupling the EwE model with estimates of parameter uncertainty in AC production, consumption, and predator diets obtained using structured expert judgment. Our model projected mean ± SD AC equilibrium biomass ranging from 52 ± 34 to 104 ± 75 kg/ha under the different scenarios. Relative to baseline simulations without AC, AC invasion under all detrital diet scenarios decreased the biomass of most fish and zooplankton groups. The effects of AC in the HP scenario were similar to those in the detrital diet scenarios except that the biomasses of most Walleye and Yellow Perch groups were greater under HP because these fishes were buffered from competition with AC by increased productivity at lower trophic levels. Asian carp predation on Walleye and Yellow Perch larvae caused biomass declines among all Walleye and Yellow Perch groups. Large food web impacts of AC occurred in only 2% of the simulations, where AC biomass exceeded 200 kg/ha, resulting in biomass declines of zooplankton and planktivorous fish near the levels observed in the Illinois River. Our findings suggest that AC would affect Lake Erie's food web by competing with other planktivorous fishes and by providing additional prey for piscivores. Our methods provide a novel approach for including uncertainty into forecasts of invasive species' impacts on aquatic food webs.
Scaling of the MHD perturbation amplitude required to trigger a disruption and predictions for ITER
Authors: de Vries P.C. , Pautasso G. , Nardon E. , Cahyna P. , Gerasimov S. , Havlicek J. , Hender T.C. , Huijsmans G.T.A. , Lehnen M. , Maraschek M. , Markovič T. , Snipes J.A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The amplitude of locked instabilities, likely magnetic islands, seen as precursors to disruptions has been studied using data from the JET, ASDEX Upgrade and COMPASS tokamaks. It was found that the thermal quench, that often initiates the disruption, is triggered when the amplitude has reached a distinct level. This information can be used to determine thresholds for simple disruption prediction schemes. The measured amplitude in part depends on the distance of the perturbation to the measurement coils. Hence the threshold for the measured amplitude depends on the mode location (i.e. the rational q-surface) and thus indirectly on parameters such as the edge safety factor, q
95, and the internal inductance, li(3), that determine the shape of the q-profile. These dependencies can be used to set the disruption thresholds more precisely. For the ITER baseline scenario, with typically q
95  =  3.2, li(3)  =  0.9 and taking into account the position of the measurement coils on ITER, the maximum allowable measured locked mode amplitude normalized to engineering parameters was estimated to be a·B
ML(r
c)/I
p  =  0.92 m mT/MA, or directly as a fraction edge poloidal magnetic field: B
ML(r
c)/B

θ
(a)  =  5 · 10−3. But these values decrease for operation at higher q
95 or lower li(3). The analysis found furthermore that the above empirical criterion to trigger a thermal quench is more consistent with a criterion derived with the concept of a critical island size, i.e. the thermal quench seemed to be triggered at a distinct island width.
Productivity and Economic Growth in U.S. Agriculture: A New Look
Authors: Ball Eldon V , Wang Sun L , Nehring Richard , Mosheim Roberto 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIt is widely reported that productivity growth is the main contributor to economic growth in U.S. agriculture. This article provides estimates of economic growth since World War II and decomposes that growth into the contributions of input growth and productivity growth. The analysis is based on recently revised production accounts, now spanning the 1948–2013 period. Our findings are fully consistent with those reported in the literature; productivity growth dominates input growth as a source of economic growth in the agricultural sector.
CD4 memory T cells develop and acquire functional competence by sequential cognate interactions and stepwise gene regulation
Authors: Kaji Tomohiro , Hijikata Atsushi , Ishige Akiko , Kitami Toshimori , Watanabe Takashi , Ohara Osamu , Yanaka Noriyuki , Okada Mariko , Shimoda Michiko , Taniguchi Masaru , Takemori Toshitada 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Memory CD4+ T cells promote protective humoral immunity; however, how memory T cells acquire this activity remains unclear. This study demonstrates that CD4+ T cells develop into antigen-specific memory T cells that can promote the terminal differentiation of memory B cells far more effectively than their naive T-cell counterparts. Memory T cell development requires the transcription factor B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6), which is known to direct T-follicular helper (Tfh) cell differentiation. However, unlike Tfh cells, memory T cell development did not require germinal center B cells. Curiously, memory T cells that develop in the absence of cognate B cells cannot promote memory B-cell recall responses and this defect was accompanied by down-regulation of genes associated with homeostasis and activation and up-regulation of genes inhibitory for T-cell responses. Although memory T cells display phenotypic and genetic signatures distinct from Tfh cells, both had in common the expression of a group of genes associated with metabolic pathways. This gene expression profile was not shared to any great extent with naive T cells and was not influenced by the absence of cognate B cells during memory T cell development. These results suggest that memory T cell development is programmed by stepwise expression of gatekeeper genes through serial interactions with different types of antigen-presenting cells, first licensing the memory lineage pathway and subsequently facilitating the functional development of memory T cells. Finally, we identified Gdpd3 as a candidate genetic marker for memory T cells.
T follicular helper cells, T follicular regulatory cells and autoimmunity
Authors: Zhu Yangyang , Zou Le , Liu Yun-Cai 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
CD4 + T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are recognized as a distinct T-cell subset, which provides help for germinal center (GC) formation, B-cell development and affinity maturation, and immunoglobulin class switching, as an indispensable part of adaptive immunity. Tfh cell differentiation depends on various factors including cell-surface molecule interactions, extracellular cytokines and multiple transcription factors, with B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6) being the master regulator. T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are also located in the GC and share phenotypic characteristics with Tfh cells and regulatory T cells, but function as negative regulators of GC responses. Dysregulation of either Tfh or Tfr cells is linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. This review covers the basic Tfh and Tfr biology including their differentiation and function, and their close relationship with autoimmune diseases.
Spatiotemporal variation in resource selection of servals: insights from a landscape under heavy land-use transformation
Authors: Ramesh Tharmalingam , Kalle Riddhika , Downs Colleen T. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Changes in habitat composition and structure along natural agricultural habitat gradient affect spatial ecology of carnivores at both intraspecific and interspecific levels. An important prerequisite for the conservation and management of habitat specialists is a sound understanding of how they use indigenous habitats within fragmented landscapes. We present the 1st comprehensive study on home range, overlap, and resource selection of 16 radiocollared servals ( Leptailurus serval ) in the Drakensberg Midlands, South Africa. Servals (11 males and 5 females) were livetrapped and radiotracked between May 2013 and August 2014 covering 4 seasons (winter, spring, summer, and autumn). Mean annual home range estimates (95% and 50% fixed kernel [FK], respectively) for males (38.07 km 2 ; 8.27 km 2 ) were generally larger than for females (6.22 km 2 ; 1.04 km 2 ). Although male core ranges varied slightly in spring, overall serval home ranges were stable across seasons. There was considerable intersexual home range overlap (&gt; 85%), whereas intrasexual overlap was rare (&lt; 10%). Home range size decreased with increase in age and less availability of wetland, while it increased in males at both levels (95% FK and 50% FK). For both sexes, Manley’s selection index indicated that natural habitats including wetlands and forest with bushland ranked higher than all other habitat classes. However, forested habitat was used approximately 2 times more frequently by males than females whereas cropland was avoided by both sexes. Overall, wetlands were ranked highest, followed by forest with bushland, grassland, plantations, and cropland in terms of serval resources selection. Our results emphasize that natural habitats, mainly wetlands and forests with bushland, are important predictors of spatiotemporal habitat use of servals in the agricultural mosaics of South Africa.
Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire Short-Form and STarT Back Screening Tool
Authors: Fuhro Fernanda Ferreira , Fagundes Felipe Ribeiro Cabral , Manzoni Ana Carolina Taccolini , Costa Leonardo Oliveira Pena , Cabral Cristina Maria Nunes 
Published: December 2015

Study Design.
Correlation and agreement analysis.

Objective.
The objective of this study was to compare the Brazilian Portuguese versions of the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire Short-Form (ÖMPSQ-short) and the STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST)-Brazil in patients with low back pain and to verify their correlation with disability, kinesiophobia, and pain.

Summary of Background Data.
The ÖMPSQ-short and the SBST were designed to identify patients at risk of developing pain and disability related to psychosocial factors.

Methods.
We assessed 130 patients, who answered the ÖMPSQ-short, SBST-Brazil, Roland-Morris disability questionnaire, Tampa scale of kinesiophobia, and Pain Numerical Rating scale. The total scores of the ÖMPSQ-short and the SBST-Brazil were correlated with the other questionnaires. Cross-tabulation and Cohen κ were used to analyze the agreement between the ÖMPSQ-short and the SBST-Brazil for participant classification as low or high risk for involvement of psychosocial factors.

Results.
The ÖMPSQ-short and the SBST-Brazil presented good correlation between total scores (r = 0.73), good correlation with disability (ÖMPSQ-short: r = 0.72; SBST-Brazil: r = 0.76), and kinesiophobia (ÖMPSQ-short: r = 0.68; SBST-Brazil: r = 0.60) and moderate correlation with pain in the last episode (ÖMPSQ-short: r = 0.39; SBST-Brazil: r = 0.48), in last 2 weeks (ÖMPSQ-short: r = 0.39; SBST: r = 0.43), and current pain (ÖMPSQ-short: r = 0.39; SBST-Brazil: r = 0.31). Participant classification as high or low risk by the two questionnaires showed moderate agreement (κ = 0.49). A total of 83% of participants were classified correctly by the two questionnaires.

Conclusion.
The ÖMPSQ-short and the SBST-Brazil showed good correlation between total scores and moderate agreement for patient classification in relation to the presence of psychosocial factors.

Level of Evidence: 3
Prehospital rapid sequence induction following trauma in the era of regional networks for major trauma
Authors: Naumann David N. , McLaughlin Aisling , Midwinter Mark J. , Crombie Nicholas 
Published: December 2015

Objective
Rapid sequence induction (RSI) provides prompt airway control during emergency evacuation of trauma patients. Physicians may be tasked to travel with paramedic ambulance crews to the scene of injury when RSI is more likely to be required. This study investigates whether there are any differences in the practice of prehospital RSI during emergency retrievals for trauma since the establishment of the regional Major Trauma Network (MTN) in March 2012.

Methods
A retrospective observational study examined prehospital records for all trauma patients from September 2010 to January 2015 at a Major Trauma Centre in Birmingham, UK. Prehospital physician availability increased from 12 to 24 h after March 2012, and tasking became centralized. Data included demographics, mechanism of injury, crew personnel, and details of RSI. The periods before and after the establishment of the regional MTN were compared.

Results
There were 5244 patients: 1432 (27.3%) before and 3812 (72.7%) after March 2012. Of the patients, 67.2% were male. The most common injuries were road traffic collisions (45.0%). Physicians were more likely to be present after (2345 missions, 61.5%) than before (529 missions, 36.9%) March 2012 (P<0.01). RSI was performed 434 (8.3%) times and was more likely during the latter than the former period [359 (9.4%) vs. 75 (5.2%), P<0.01]. Successful tracheal intubation was achieved in 99% of occasions.

Conclusion
The establishment of regional MTNs enables centrally tasked, 24-h physician availability for emergency trauma patients. There has been an increase in physician presence on emergency missions and increased frequency of RSI for at-risk trauma patients at times when there may previously have been an unmet requirement.
Mortality in Spanish pediatric emergency departments: a 5-year multicenter survey
Authors: Lopez Edurne , Udaondo June , Olabarri Mikel , Martinez-Indart Lorea , Benito Javier , Mintegi Santiago 
Published: December 2015

Background
Analysis of the causes of death in children in the pediatric emergency department (ED) may aid the development of management and prevention practices.

Objective
To identify the causes of death in Spanish pediatric EDs and to analyze the management of these children in the prehospital and hospital settings.

Methods
This was a retrospective descriptive multicenter survey including all patients whose death was certified in 18 Spanish pediatric EDs between 2008 and 2013.

Results
During the study period, 3 542 426 episodes were registered in the EDs. Of these, 54 patients died (mortality rate: 1.5/100 000 visits). Data of 53 patients are analyzed (male 36, 67%, 31 younger than 2 years old and 43.3% nonpreviously healthy children). The main causes of death were related to their previous illnesses (24.5%), sudden infant death syndrome (20.7%), and traumatism (18.8%).
Prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed in 31 patients, and exclusively by health workers in 19 patients. In 35 patients, the parents witnessed the event and seven began CPR.
Thirty children were transferred to the pediatric EDs by medical transport (56.6%) and all of them received prehospital CPR (vs. one patient out of 23 arrived in a nonmedical transportation).
In 37 patients, CPR was performed in the pediatric EDs. Overall, CPR lasted 40±23 min (range, 10–120 min). CPR was not performed in seven patients at any time.

Conclusion
The main causes of death in Spanish pediatric EDs are related to previous illnesses, sudden infant death syndrome, and nonintentional lesions. Several actions have to be considered to improve the quality of care of these children in prehospital and emergency settings.