bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Politics of Legal Facts: The Erasure of Pushback Evidence from the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Alpes Maybritt Jill , Baranowska Grażyna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes how the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) handles evidence of pushback, where states violently force asylum seekers away from borders. An examination of how the experiences of pushback survivors get translated (or not) into judgments contributes to theoretical discussions about truth, epistemic practices, and law. The article asks why so little of what researchers, journalists, civil society actors, and international organizations have documented about European border violence is visible in the court’s judgments. Based on a mix of legal and anthropological research methods, the article traces how states and the ECtHR erase pushback evidence at borders and during litigation. Taking seriously on equal grounds the construction of facts outside and inside a court room, the article connects external perspectives on the production of evidence with an internal analysis of evidence in judgments. In doing so, the article highlights the political dimensions of seemingly merely technical and legal procedures. We argue for a clearer separation of courts’ and states’ versions of facts, contending that the presumption of the states’ good faith should no longer apply when there is evidence, including in case law, of misrecordings and false statements by respondent states.
Disappearance and dissemination of sleep symptoms: the importance of sleep medicine expertise for psychiatry. A comment on Forbes et al.
Authors: Martin Vincent P. , Lopez Régis , Micoulaud-Franchi Jean-Arthur , Gauld Christophe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCommentary of ‘Elemental psychopathology: distilling constituent symptoms and patterns of repetition in the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5’ Vincent P. Martin 1, Régis Lopez 2,3, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi 4,5, Christophe Gauld 4,6,*
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence: an umbrella review
Authors: Schincariol Alexa , Orrù Graziella , Otgaar Henry , Sartori Giuseppe , Scarpazza Cristina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most serious and incapacitating mental diseases that can result from trauma exposure. The exact prevalence of this disorder is not known as the literature provides very different results, ranging from 2.5% to 74%. The aim of this umbrella review is to provide an estimation of PTSD prevalence and to clarify whether the prevalence depends on the assessment methods applied (structured interview v. self-report questionnaire) and on the nature of the traumatic event (interpersonal v. not-interpersonal). A systematic search of major databases and additional sources (Google Scholar, EBSCO, Web of Science, PubMed, Galileo Discovery) was conducted. Fifty-nine reviews met the criteria of this umbrella review. Overall PTSD prevalence was 23.95% (95% confidence interval 95% CI 20.74–27.15), with no publication bias or significant small-study effects, but a high level of heterogeneity between meta-analyses. Sensitivities analyses revealed that these results do not change after removing meta-analysis also including data from underage participants (23.03%, 95% CI 18.58–27.48), nor after excluding meta-analysis of low quality (24.26%, 95% CI 20.46–28.06). Regarding the impact of diagnostic instruments on PTSD prevalence, the results revealed a lack of significant differences in PTSD prevalence when structured v. self-report instruments were applied (p = 0.0835). Finally, PTSD prevalence did not differ following event of intentional (25.42%, 95% CI 19.76–31.09) or not intentional (22.48%, 95% CI 17.22–27.73) nature (p = 0.4598). The present umbrella review establishes a robust foundation for future research and provides valuable insights on PTSD prevalence.
The cost of caring: a scoping review of qualitative evidence on the financial wellbeing implications of unpaid care to older adults
Authors: Watkins Maxine , Overton Louise 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Growing numbers of people help and support family members, friends or others due to long-term health problems, disability or older age–related needs. While care-giving can bring fulfilment and meaning to peoples’ lives, it can negatively affect individuals’ financial wellbeing. Much of the evidence in this area is quantitative, while the subjective, in-depth experience of how unpaid care decisions affect financial wellbeing remains relatively underexplored. This scoping review explores what is known about how unpaid carers experience and understand the financial consequences of providing care. It identified 35 studies containing qualitative evidence and, through thematic analysis, identified four overarching themes: (1) direct and indirect costs of caring; (2) social, cultural and institutional care and work decision-making; (3) the unequal cost of caring; and (4) personal finance and carer wellbeing. Findings indicate that unpaid caring affects financial wellbeing in multiple, overlapping ways. The financial consequences are experienced unequally, with systems, circumstances and contexts serving to exacerbate or reduce these negative effects. Crucially, our analysis reveals the paucity of qualitative research specifically focused on unpaid carers’ financial wellbeing. There is a significant gap in the literature regarding whether, and how, individuals understand the future financial implications of unpaid care-giving, or whether longer-term financial consequences are considered when making decisions about care. Future research designed to address this gap, with greater emphasis on the personal, social and structural influences on care-related financial decision-making, could offer important insights for developing policies and practices aimed at improving the financial wellbeing of carers as they age.
Nutrition and health effects of pectin: A systematic scoping review of human intervention studies
Authors: Weber Annika M. , Pascale Nélida , Gu Fangjie , Ryan Elizabeth P. , Respondek Frederique 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pectin is composed of a group of complex polysaccharides that are naturally found in various plants and are associated with a range of beneficial health effects. Health outcomes from dietary pectin can vary depending on botanical origin, dietary dose and structure of pectin. The objective of this scoping review is to build a comprehensive overview of the current evidence available on intervention studies conducted in humans and to better understand the possible knowledge gaps in terms of structure–function relationships across the different health-related effects. PubMed and Embase databases were searched using PRISMA-ScR guidelines, yielding 141 references (from the initial 3704), representing 134 intervention studies performed between 1961 and 2022 that met inclusion criteria. Studies were divided into six categories, which included gut health, glycaemic response and appetite, fat metabolism, bioavailability of micronutrients, immune response and other topics. Review of these human intervention studies identified a variety of cohort characteristics and populations (life stage, health status, country), sources/types of pectin (i.e. citrus, sugarbeet, apple, other and non-defined), intervention timeframes (from one single intake to 168 d) and doses (0.1–50 g/d) that were tested for health outcomes in people. Gut health, post-prandial glucose regulation and maintenance of blood cholesterol represented the largest categories of studied outcomes. Further research to strengthen the structure–function relationships for pectin with health properties and associated outcomes is warranted and will benefit from a more precise description of physico-chemical characteristics and molecular compositions, such as degree of esterification, weight, degree of branching, viscosity, gel formation and solubility.
Functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and amygdala underlies avoidance learning during adolescence: Implications for developmental psychopathology
Authors: Rosenberg Benjamin M. , Moreira João F. Guassi , Leal Adriana S. Méndez , Saragosa-Harris Natalie M. , Gaines Elizabeth , Meredith Wesley J. , Waizman Yael , Ninova Emilia , Silvers Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Reward and threat processes work together to support adaptive learning during development. Adolescence is associated with increasing approach behavior (e.g., novelty-seeking, risk-taking) but often also coincides with emerging internalizing symptoms, which are characterized by heightened avoidance behavior. Peaking engagement of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) during adolescence, often studied in reward paradigms, may also relate to threat mechanisms of adolescent psychopathology.

Methods:
47 typically developing adolescents (9.9–22.9 years) completed an aversive learning task during functional magnetic resonance imaging, wherein visual cues were paired with an aversive sound or no sound. Task blocks involved an escapable aversively reinforced stimulus (CS+r), the same stimulus without reinforcement (CS+nr), or a stimulus that was never reinforced (CS−). Parent-reported internalizing symptoms were measured using Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scales.

Results:
Functional connectivity between the NAcc and amygdala differentiated the stimuli, such that connectivity increased for the CS+r (p = .023) but not for the CS+nr and CS−. Adolescents with greater internalizing symptoms demonstrated greater positive functional connectivity for the CS− (p = .041).

Conclusions:
Adolescents show heightened NAcc-amygdala functional connectivity during escape from threat. Higher anxiety and depression symptoms are associated with elevated NAcc-amygdala connectivity during safety, which may reflect poor safety versus threat discrimination.
The Kids Heart BioBank: supporting 20 years of patient care and research into CHD
Authors: Hilton Desiree C.K. , O’Malley Bridget R. , Cole Andrew D. , Harvey Richard P. , Dunwoodie Sally L. , Sholler Gary F. , Winlaw David S. , Blue Gillian M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroduction:The cause of most CHD is unknown and considered complex, implicating genetic and environmental factors in disease causation. The Kids Heart BioBank was established in 2003 to accelerate genetic investigations into CHD.Methods:Recruitment includes patients undergoing interventions for CHD at The Children’s Hospital at Westmead. Informed consent is obtained from parents/guardians, and blood is collected at the time of cardiac intervention from which DNA is extracted and stored. Associated detailed clinical information and a family history are stored in the purpose-designed database.Results:To date, the Kids Heart BioBank contains biospecimens and associated clinical information from over 4,900 patients with CHD and their families. Two-thirds (64.1%) of probands have been included in research studies with 28.9% of participants who underwent genomic sequencing receiving a molecular diagnosis with direct clinical utility. The value of this resource to patients and families is highlighted by the high consent rate (94.6%) and the low withdrawal of consent rate (0.4%). The Kids Heart BioBank has supported many large national and international collaborations and contributed significantly to CHD research.Conclusions:The Kids Heart BioBank is an invaluable resource and, together with other similar resources, the resulting research has paved the way for clinical genetic testing options for CHD patients, previously not possible. With research in the field moving away from diagnosing monogenic disease, the Kids Heart BioBank is ideally placed to support the next chapter of research efforts into complex disease mechanisms, requiring large patient cohorts with detailed phenotypic information.
Large excess reserves, central bank digital currency, and monetary policy
Authors: Park Jaevin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper I examine the effect of introducing an account-based central bank digital currency (CBDC) on liquidity insurance and monetary policy implementation. An asset-exchange model is constructed with idiosyncratic liquidity risk, in which one type of agents require currency and/or CBDC to consume while the other type of agents can use any assets to trade. There arises a liquidity insurance to distribute assets efficiently by type. Since central bank reserve accounts are accessible by the public directly, the large excess reserves (LER) in a floor system can make it difficult to separate the types under private information. Therefore, raising the interest on reserves in the floor system can reduce the aggregate liquidity excessively, and the equilibrium allocation with the LER can be suboptimal.
Impact of nutritional and multiple micronutrients supplementation to lactating mothers 6 months postpartum on the maternal and infant micronutrient status: a randomised controlled trial in Delhi, India
Authors: Manapurath Rukman , Chowdhury Ranadip , Upadhyay Ravi Prakash , Bose Beena , Devi Sarita , Dwarkanath Pratibha , Kurpad Anura V , Bhandari Nita , Taneja Sunita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
To assess the impact of nutritional and multiple-micronutrient supplementation to lactating mothers on the micronutrient status of mother–infant dyad at 6 months of age postnatally.

Design:
This study was a trial that aimed to investigate the impact of maternal nutritional supplementation on infant growth. A secondary objective was to assess the effect on the micronutrient status of mother–infant pairs. The intervention group mothers received snacks with 600 kcal energy, 20 g protein and daily micronutrient tablets.

Setting:
Blood samples were collected from both mothers and infants at 6 months.

Participants:
The participants in this study were mother–infant pairs. The micronutrient status of these pairs was assessed through blood samples, focusing on vitamins A, D, B12, ferritin, Zn and folate.

Results:
Micronutrient analysis of serum samples from 600 mother–infant pairs showed that mothers in the intervention group had higher levels of serum ferritin (mean difference (MD) 14·7 ng/ml), retinol (MD 0·6 μmol/l), folate (MD 3·3 ng/ml) and vitamin D (1·03 ng/ml) at 6 months postpartum. Additionally, the supplementation was associated with a higher mean ± sd of serum ferritin (MD 8·9 ng/ml) and vitamin A (MD 0·2 μmol/l) levels in infants at 6 months.

Conclusions:
The study found that supplementing maternal nutrition with additional dietary and micronutrient intakes during lactation improved maternal micronutrient status and slightly increased ferritin and vitamin A levels in infants at 6 months. The findings highlight the importance of nutritional interventions for improving the micronutrient health of mother–infant pairs, with significant public health implications.
Trial registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (CTRI/2018/04/013095).
Appeals after the Appellate Body
Authors: Pahis Stratos 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Appellate Body (AB) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has not heard an appeal since 2019. This article explores how adjudicators and member states have navigated WTO dispute settlement in this post-AB world. It begins by providing an overview of dispute settlement practice from 2020 to 2022, including by cataloguing appeals into the void, appeals to arbitration, and appeals forewent. It explains the incentives created by the lack of a functioning appeals mechanism and provides background on the alternative appeals procedure agreed to among a subset of WTO members: the Multi-Party Interim Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA). Moreover, it closely examines five WTO disputes: Colombia–Frozen Fries, Turkey–Pharmaceutical Products, EU–Steel Safeguards, Thailand–Cigarettes, and Costa Rica–Avocados. Through these five disputes, the article examines the circumstances in which members have agreed to binding appeals arbitration even absent formally committing to the MPIA, the circumstances in which members have appealed to arbitration or foregone such appeals, and whether facilitated negotiations present a workable alternative to an effective appeals mechanism. Finally, this article closely analyzes the reasoning of two appeals arbitration awards issued to date – Colombia–Frozen Fries and Turkey–Pharmaceutical Products – with a special focus on how those awards depart from AB precedent and what those departures can tell us about the current crisis.
The National Security Exception at the WTO: Should It Just Be a Matter of When Members Can Avail of It? What About How?
Authors: Pinchis-Paulsen Mona , Saggi Kamal , Mavroidis Petros C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe GATT security exceptions were practically in hibernation until recently. The recent WTO disputes panel activity concerning such exceptions is characterized by a standard of review that places the accent on ‘when’ action should be taken and not so much on ‘what’ action should be taken. We see two problems with this construction. First, the ‘when’ might be a function of privileged information that those possessing it might be unwilling to divulge in a transparent manner. Second, national security is an amorphous concept, and unless we disaggregate it, it is impossible to pronounce the appropriateness of measures adopted to pursue the underlying objective. In turn, the absence of disaggregation could lead to false positives and negatives, as the same action could be pursuing essential security or providing protection to domestic players.
Navigating Ambiguity: Adapting and Validating the Personal Need for Structure Scale in Spanish
Authors: Gil Rafael , Horcajo Javier , Nájera Pablo , Sorrel Miguel A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Personal Need for Structure (PNS) scale assesses individuals’ tendency to seek out clarity and structured ways of understanding and interacting with their environment. The main aim of this study was to adapt the PNS scale to Spanish and assess its psychometric properties. There are two versions of the PNS scale being used, which vary in the number of dimensions (1 vs. 2), and in the number of items (12 vs. 11; because one version excludes Item 5). Therefore, an additional aim of this study was to compare the two existing versions of the PNS scale. This comparison aimed to address the debate regarding the inclusion of Item 5, and the number of dimensions that comprise the PNS scale. A sample of 735 individuals was collected. First, through an approach combining exploratory and confirmatory analyses, evidence was found in favor of the scale being composed of two related but distinguishable factors: Desire for Structure and Response to the Lack of Structure. Scores on these subscales showed acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Evidence supporting the invariance of the internal structure across sociodemographic variables such as gender and age was found. Validity evidence was also analyzed by examining the relationships with other relevant measures. The results indicated that Item 5 can be excluded without reducing scores validity or reliability, which supports preceding research in the literature. In conclusion, the PNS scale was satisfactorily adapted to and validated in Spanish and its use in this context is recommended.
Multi‐Layer Cloud Detection and Distributions Over the Asia–Pacific Region Based on Geostationary Satellite Imagers
Authors: Wang Jianjie , Liu Chao , Yao Bin , Qian Yanzhen , Gu Xiaoli , Kong Yang , Fan Sihui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA large portion of cloud scenes over the globe shows multiple layers composed of different phases, in general with ice clouds on the top and liquid water clouds beneath. Such multi‐layer (ML) clouds constitute major challenges in cloud observations and weather and climate modeling. This study improved a threshold algorithm for detecting ice‐over‐water ML clouds using geostationary satellites. Optimal thresholds were established for the spectral characteristics of the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) and the Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI), accounting for differences between land and ocean surfaces. Validation with collocated space radar and lidar measurements indicated the identification accuracies of approximately 82% over the land and 76% over the ocean. Annual distributions of ML clouds inferred by AHI and AGRI exhibited strong similarity. Furthermore, 6 years of hourly observations revealed distinct monthly and daily variations in ice‐over‐water clouds over the Asia–Pacific region. The ML cloud monthly variations were similar to those of the seasonal convection cycle, with occurrence frequencies over the typical regions higher in summer (maximum ∼27%) and lower (minimum 6%–10%) in winter. Regarding daily variations, ice‐over‐water clouds occurred more frequently around local noon over most of the six time zones (from UTC + 06 to UTC + 11) throughout all seasons. The refined spatiotemporal distribution of ML clouds, particularly the daily variations, is possible to improve our understanding of cloud vertical distributions and radiative effects, and has the potential to promote subsequent validation and parameterization of cloud overlapping in global climate modeling.
Stable Middle Miocene Seawater Isotopes in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Hättig Katrin , Schouten Stefan , Louwye Stephen , van der Meer Marcel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Middle Miocene is characterized by a long‐term increase in the stable oxygen isotopic composition of benthic foraminifera (δ18Obenthic). However, it is unclear to what extent this increase reflects changes in seawater isotopic composition or deep water temperature. We present a high‐resolution alkenone hydrogen isotope (δ2HC37) record of the Middle Miocene from a core taken at the upper slope edge (about 409 m water depth) of the Porcupine Basin continental margin in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean, Site U1318 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. The δ2HC37 values vary between −174 and −200‰ with an average of −191 ± 5‰, similar to modern open‐ocean values. Importantly, they do not show a long‐term increase in surface seawater isotopes (δ2HSSW) during the Middle Miocene Climate Transition. Indeed, when δ18Obenthic is corrected for subsurface temperature, the bottom seawater oxygen isotopes (δ18OBSW) show no significant increase in this period. When the latter record is translated into the hydrogen isotopic composition of bottom seawater using the modern open‐ocean waterline, it has an average value of 5.8 ± 1.5‰, similar to the δ2HSSW of 5.2 ± 3.1‰ derived from δ2HC37:2, suggesting a relatively small difference between bottom and surface waters. Our results suggest a stable global surface seawater isotope evolution during the Middle Miocene, coupled with a long‐term decrease in bottom water temperature.