bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beliefs and implementation of evidence‐based practice among nurses and allied healthcare providers in the Valais hospital, Switzerland
Authors: Verloo Henk , Desmedt Mario , Morin Diane 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRationaleEvidence‐based practice (EBP) is upheld as a means for patients to receive the most efficient care in a given context. Despite the available evidence and positive beliefs about it, implementing EBP as standard daily practice still faces many obstacles.Aims and objectivesThis study investigated the beliefs about and implementation of EBP among nurses and allied healthcare providers (AHP) in 9 acute care hospitals in the canton of Valais, Switzerland.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive survey was conducted. The target population was composed of 1899 nurses and 126 AHPs. Beliefs about and implementation of EBP were measured using EBP‐Beliefs and EBP‐Implementation scales of Melnyk et al.ResultsThe initial sample consisted in 491 participants (overall response rate 24.2%): 421 nurses (22.4% response rate) and 78 AHPs (61.9% response rate). The final sample, composed only of those who declared previous exposure to EBP, included 391 participants (329 nurses and 62 AHPs). Overall, participants had positive attitudes towards EBP and were willing to increase their knowledge to guide practice. However, they acknowledged poor implementation of EBP in daily practice. A significantly higher level of EBP implementation was declared by those formally trained in it (P = 0.006) and by those occupying more senior professional functions (P = 0.004). EBP‐Belief scores predicted 13% of the variance in the EBP‐Implementation scores (R2 = 0.13).DiscussionEBP is poorly implemented despite positive beliefs about it. Continuing education and support on EBP would help to ensure that patients receive the best available care based on high‐quality evidence, patient needs, clinical expertise, and a fair distribution of healthcare resources.ConclusionThis study's results will be used to guide institutional strategy to increase the use of EBP in daily practice.
Educational Attainment and Wage Inequality in Turkey
Authors: Popli Gurleen , Yılmaz Okan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper analyses the relationship between wage distribution and educational attainment of the workforce. Wage inequality in Turkey decreased over 2002–10; a period over which it also saw an increase in the supply of educated workers. Our findings suggest that decreasing inequality in the bottom half of the distribution was largely due to decreasing returns to education and experience; whereas the moderate decline in inequality in the upper tail of the wage distribution is explained by a fall in returns to the ‘routine’ occupational tasks. The effect of changes in the composition of workers was found to be moderate.
Development of the salt‐reduction and efficacy‐maintenance program in Indonesia
Authors: Irwan Andi Masyitha , Kato Mayumi , Kitaoka Kazuyo , Ueno Eiichi , Tsujiguchi Hiromasa , Shogenji Miho 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe conducted a randomized, controlled trial to examine the effects of a salt‐reduction and efficacy‐maintenance program on the improvement and maintenance of self‐care and self‐efficacy in reducing the salt intake of older people with high blood pressure. A total of 51 participants with hypertension/prehypertension in Indonesia were randomly assigned to a control group or one of two intervention groups: salt‐reduction training or salt‐reduction and efficacy‐maintenance. The salt‐reduction and efficacy‐maintenance group received educational training and a maintenance meeting; the participants' knowledge, attitudes, self‐care practices, and self‐efficacy significantly improved after training and were maintained after the maintenance meeting. Participants in the salt‐reduction training group showed significant effects for the same variables; however, their food salt concentrations rebounded after the maintenance meeting. No significant improvement was found in the control group. The salt‐reduction and efficacy‐maintenance group participants reported positive effects of salt reduction and different practices based on who prepared their meals. The salt‐reduction and efficacy‐maintenance group program was effective in improving and maintaining knowledge, attitudes, and self‐efficacy of salt‐reduction practices and could be applied with community‐dwelling older people with high blood pressure.
May cannabinoids prevent the development of chemotherapy‐induced diarrhea and intestinal mucositis? Experimental study in the rat
Authors: Abalo R. , Uranga J. A. , Pérez‐García I. , de Andrés R. , Girón R. , Vera G. , López‐Pérez A. E. , Martín‐Fontelles M. I. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe antineoplastic drug 5‐fluoruracil (5‐FU) is a pirimidine analog, which frequently induces potentially fatal diarrhea and mucositis. Cannabinoids reduce gastrointestinal motility and secretion and might prevent 5‐FU‐induced gut adverse effects. Here, we asked whether cannabinoids may prevent diarrhea and mucositis induced by 5‐FU in the rat.MethodsMale Wistar rats received vehicle or the non‐selective cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212‐2 (WIN; 0.5 mg kg−1 injection−1, 1 injection day−1, 4 consecutive days) by intraperitoneal (ip) route; on the first 2 days, animals received also saline or 5‐FU (150 mg kg−1 injection−1, cumulative dose of 300 mg kg−1). Gastrointestinal motor function was radiographically studied after barium contrast intragastric administration on experimental days 1 and 4. Structural alterations of the stomach, small intestine and colon were histologically studied on day 4. PAS staining and immunohistochemistry for Ki67, chromogranin A and CD163 were used to detect secretory, proliferating, and endocrine cells, and activated macrophages respectively.Key ResultsAs shown radiographically, 5‐FU induced significant gastric emptying delay (on days 1 and 4) and diarrhea (on day 4). WIN did not significantly alter the motility curves obtained for either control or 5‐FU‐treated animals but tended to reduce the severity of 5‐FU‐induced diarrhea and increased permanence of barium from day 1 to the beginning of day 4 in 5‐FU‐treated animals. 5‐FU‐induced mucositis was severe and not counteracted by WIN.Conclusions and Inferences5‐FU‐induced diarrhea, but not mucositis, was partly prevented by WIN at a low dose. Cannabinoids might be useful to prevent chemotherapy‐induced diarrhea.
The effect of select seminal plasma proteins on endometrial mRNA cytokine expression in mares susceptible to persistent mating‐induced endometritis
Authors: Fedorka CE , Scoggin KE , Woodward EM , Squires EL , Ball BA , Troedsson MHT 
Published: September 2016

ContentsIn the horse, breeding induces a transient endometrial inflammation. A subset of mares are unable to resolve this inflammation, and they are considered susceptible to persistent mating‐induced endometritis PMIE Select seminal plasma proteins cysteine‐rich secretory protein‐3 (CRISP‐3) and lactoferrin have been shown to affect the innate immune response to sperm in vitro. The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of CRISP‐3 and lactoferrin at the time of insemination had an effect on the mRNA expression of endometrial cytokines in susceptible mares after breeding. Six mares classified as susceptible to PMIE were inseminated during four consecutive oestrous cycles with treatments in randomized order of: 1 mg/ml CRISP‐3, 150 μg/ml lactoferrin, seminal plasma (positive control) or lactated Ringer's solution (LRS; negative control) to a total volume of 10 ml combined with 1 × 109 spermatozoa pooled from two stallions. Six hours after treatment, an endometrial biopsy was obtained for qPCR analysis of selected genes associated with inflammation (pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐8, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interferon (INF)‐γ, anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1RN and IL‐10, and inflammatory‐modulating cytokine IL‐6). Seminal plasma treatment increased the mRNA expression of IL‐1β (p = .019) and IL‐8 (p = .0068), while suppressing the mRNA expression of TNF (p = .0013). Lactoferrin also suppressed the mRNA expression of TNF (p = .0013). In conclusion, exogenous lactoferrin may be considered as one modulator of the complex series of events resulting in the poorly regulated pro‐inflammatory response seen in susceptible mares.
Automatic airway–artery analysis on lung CT to quantify airway wall thickening and bronchiectasis
Authors: Perez‐Rovira Adria , Kuo Wieying , Petersen Jens , Tiddens Harm A. W. M. , de Bruijne Marleen 
Published: September 2016

PurposeBronchiectasis and airway wall thickening are commonly assessed in computed tomography (CT) by comparing the airway size with the size of the accompanying artery. Thus, in order to automate the quantification of bronchiectasis and wall thickening following a similar principle, there is a need for methods that automatically segment the airway and vascular trees, measure their size, and pair each airway branch with its accompanying artery.MethodsThis paper combines and extends existing techniques to present a fully automated pipeline that, given a thoracic chest CT, segments, measures, and pairs airway branches with the accompanying artery, then quantifies airway wall thickening and bronchiectasis by measuring the wall–artery ratio (WAR) and lumen and outer wall airway–artery ratio (AAR). Measurements that do not use the artery size for normalization are also extracted, including wall area percentage (WAP), wall thickness ratio (WTR), and airway diameters.ResultsThe method was thoroughly evaluated using 8000 manual annotations of airway–artery pairs from 24 full‐inspiration pediatric CT scans (12 diseased and 12 controls). Limits of agreement between the automatically and manually measured diameters were comparable to interobserver limits of agreement. Differences in automatically obtained WAR, AAR, WAP, and WTR between bronchiectatic subjects and controls were similar as when manual annotations were used: WAR and outer AAR were significantly higher in the bronchiectatic subjects (p < 0.05), but lumen AAR, WAP, and WTR were not. Only measurements that use artery size for normalization led to significant differences between groups, highlighting the importance of airway–artery pairing.ConclusionsThe fully automatic method presented in this paper could replace time‐consuming manual annotations and visual scoring methods to quantify abnormal widening and thickening of airways.
Genome Sequences of 15 Gardnerella vaginalis Strains Isolated from the Vaginas of Women with and without Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Robinson Lloyd S. , Perry Justin , Lek Sai , Wollam Aye , Sodergren Erica , Weinstock George , Lewis Warren G. , Lewis Amanda L. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Gardnerella vaginalis
is a predominant species in bacterial vaginosis, a dysbiosis of the vagina that is associated with adverse health outcomes, including preterm birth. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of 15
Gardnerella vaginalis
strains (now available through BEI Resources) isolated from women with and without bacterial vaginosis.
Genome Sequences of Newly Isolated Mycobacteriophages Forming Cluster S
Authors: Mills Monique L. , Bragg Judd , Bruce Asri , Dehn Ari , Drouin Jordan , Hefner Morgan , Katon Dylan , McHugh Dustin , Zeba Franck , Bowman Charles A. , Cresawn Steven G. , Jacobs-Sera Deborah , Russell Daniel A. , Pope Welkin H. , Hatfull Graham F. , Dunbar David A. , Zegers Gerard P. , Page Shallee T. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

We describe the genomes of two mycobacteriophages, MosMoris and Gattaca, newly isolated on
Mycobacterium smegmatis
. The two phages are very similar to each other, differing in 61 single nucleotide polymorphisms and six small insertion/deletions. Both have extensive nucleotide sequence similarity to mycobacteriophage Marvin and together form cluster S.
Application of Long Sequence Reads To Improve Genomes for Clostridium thermocellum AD2, Clostridium thermocellum LQRI, and Pelosinus fermentans R7
Authors: Utturkar Sagar M. , Bayer Edward A. , Borovok Ilya , Lamed Raphael , Hurt Richard A. , Land Miriam L. , Klingeman Dawn M. , Elias Dwayne , Zhou Jizhong , Huntemann Marcel , Clum Alicia , Pillay Manoj , Palaniappan Krishnaveni , Varghese Neha , Mikhailova Natalia , Stamatis Dimitrios , Reddy T. B. K. , Ngan Chew Yee , Daum Chris , Shapiro Nicole , Markowitz Victor , Ivanova Natalia , Kyrpides Nikos , Woyke Tanja , Brown Steven D. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

We and others have shown the utility of long sequence reads to improve genome assembly quality. In this study, we generated PacBio DNA sequence data to improve the assemblies of draft genomes for
Clostridium thermocellum
AD2,
Clostridium thermocellum
LQRI, and
Pelosinus fermentans
R7.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium ulcerans subsp.
shinshuense
Authors: Yoshida Mitsunori , Nakanaga Kazue , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Toyoda Atsushi , Ooka Tadasuke , Kazumi Yuko , Mitarai Satoshi , Ishii Norihisa , Hayashi Tetsuya , Hoshino Yoshihiko 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium ulcerans
subsp.
shinshuense
produces mycolactone and causes Buruli ulcer. Here, we report the complete sequence of its genome, which comprises a 5.9-Mb chromosome and a 166-kb plasmid (pShT-P). The sequence will represent the essential data for future phylogenetic and comparative genome studies of mycolactone-producing mycobacteria.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Deep-Subsurface Actinobacterium Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7
T
Authors: Puente-Sánchez Fernando , Pieper Dietmar H. , Arce-Rodríguez Alejandro 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

The type strain of
Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus
was isolated from the deep subsurface of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (southwest Spain). Here, we report its draft genome, consisting of 27 contigs with a ~3.1-Mb genome size. The annotation revealed 2,905 coding DNA sequences, 45 tRNA genes, and three rRNA genes.
Consequences of removing cheap, super-strength beer and cider: a qualitative study of a UK local alcohol availability intervention
Authors: McGill Elizabeth , Marks Dalya , Sumpter Colin , Egan Matt 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesIncreasingly, English local authorities have encouraged the implementation of an intervention called ‘Reducing the Strength’ (RtS) whereby off-licences voluntarily stop selling inexpensive ‘super-strength’ (≥6.5% alcohol by volume (ABV)) beers and ciders. We conceptualised RtS as an event within a complex system in order to identify pathways by which the intervention may lead to intended and unintended consequences.DesignA qualitative study including a focus group and semistructured interviews.SettingAn inner-London local authority characterised by a high degree of residential mobility, high levels of social inequality and a large homeless population. Intervention piloted in three areas known for street drinking with a high alcohol outlet density.ParticipantsAlcohol service professionals, homeless hostel employees, street-based services managers and hostel dwelling homeless alcohol consumers (n=30).ResultsParticipants describe a range of potential substitution behaviours to circumvent alcohol availability restrictions including consuming different drinks, finding alternative shops, using drugs or committing crimes to purchase more expensive drinks. Service providers suggested the intervention delivered in this local authority missed opportunities to encourage engagement between the council, alcohol services, homeless hostels and off-licence stores. Some participants believed small-scale interventions such as RtS may facilitate new forms of engagement between public and private sector interests and contribute to long-term cultural changes around drinking, although they may also entrench the view that ‘problem drinking’ only occurs in certain population groups.ConclusionsRtS may have limited individual-level health impacts if the target populations remain willing and able to consume alternative means of intoxication as a substitute for super-strength products. However, RtS may also lead to wider system changes not directly related to the consumption of super-strengths and their assumed harms.
Do baby boomers use more healthcare services than other generations? Longitudinal trajectories of physician service use across five birth cohorts
Authors: Canizares Mayilee , Gignac Monique , Hogg-Johnson Sheilah , Glazier Richard H , Badley Elizabeth M 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveIn light of concerns for meeting the provision of healthcare services given the large numbers of ageing baby boomers, we compared the trajectories of primary care and specialist services use across the lifecourse of 5 birth cohorts and examined factors associated with birth cohort differences.DesignLongitudinal panel.SettingCanadian National Population Health Survey (1994–2011).PopulationSample of 10 186 individuals aged 20–69 years in 1994–1995 and who were from 5 birth cohorts: Generation X (Gen X; born: 1965–1974), Younger Baby Boomers (born: 1955–1964), Older Baby Boomers (born: 1945–1954), World War II (born: 1935–1944) and pre-World War II (born: 1925–1934).Main outcomesUse of primary care and specialist services.ResultsAlthough the overall pattern suggested less use of physician services by each successive recent cohort, this blinded differences in primary and specialist care use by cohort. Multilevel analyses comparing cohorts showed that Gen Xers and younger boomers, particularly those with multimorbidity, were less likely to use primary care than earlier cohorts. In contrast, specialist use was higher in recent cohorts, with Gen Xers having the highest specialist use. These increases were explained by the increasing levels of multimorbidity. Education, income, having a regular source of care, sedentary lifestyle and obesity were significantly associated with physician services use, but only partially contributed to cohort differences.ConclusionsThe findings suggest a shift from primary care to specialist care among recent cohorts, particularly for those with multimorbidity. This is of concern given policies to promote primary care services to prevent and manage chronic conditions. There is a need for policies to address important generational differences in healthcare preferences and the balance between primary and specialty care to ensure integration and coordination of healthcare delivery.
Patient values and preferences on transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement therapy for aortic stenosis: a systematic review
Authors: Lytvyn Lyubov , Guyatt Gordon H , Manja Veena , Siemieniuk Reed A , Zhang Yuan , Agoritsas Thomas , Vandvik Per O 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate patients' values and preferences regarding aortic valve replacement therapy for aortic stenosis.SettingStudies published after transcatheter aortic valve insertion (TAVI) became available (2002).ParticipantsAdults with aortic stenosis who are considering or have had valve replacement, either TAVI or via surgery (surgical aortic valve replacement, SAVR).Outcome measuresWe sought quantitative measurements, or qualitative descriptions, of values and preferences. When reported, we examined correlations between preferences and objective (eg, ejection fraction) or subjective (eg, health-related quality of life) measures of health.ResultsWe reviewed 1348 unique citations, of which 2 studies proved eligible. One study of patients with severe aortic stenosis used a standard gamble study to ascertain that the median hypothetical mortality risk patients were willing to tolerate to achieve full health was 25% (IQR 25–50%). However, there was considerable variability; for mortality risk levels defined by current guidelines, 130 participants (30%) were willing to accept low-to-intermediate risk (≤8%), 224 (51%) high risk (>8–50%) and 85 (19%) a risk that guidelines would consider prohibitive (>50%). Study authors did not, however, assess participants' understanding of the exercise, resulting in a potential risk of bias. A second qualitative study of 15 patients identified the following factors that influence patients to undergo assessment for TAVI: symptom burden; expectations; information support; logistical barriers; facilitators; obligations and responsibilities. The study was limited by serious risk of bias due to authors' conflict of interest (5/9 authors industry-funded).ConclusionsCurrent evidence on patient values and preferences of adults with aortic stenosis is very limited, and no studies have enrolled patients deciding between TAVI and SAVR. On the basis of the data available, there is evidence of variability in individual values and preferences, highlighting the importance of well-informed and shared decision-making with patients facing this decision.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42016041907.
Vessel perforation during stent retriever thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: technical details and clinical outcomes
Authors: Mokin Maxim , Fargen Kyle M , Primiani Christopher T , Ren Zeguang , Dumont Travis M , Brasiliense Leonardo B C , Dabus Guilherme , Linfante Italo , Kan Peter , Srinivasan Visish M , Binning Mandy J , Gupta Rishi , Turk Aquilla S , Elijovich Lucas , Arthur Adam , Shallwani Hussain , Levy Elad I , Siddiqui Adnan H 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundVessel perforation during stent retriever thrombectomy is a rare complication; typically only single instances have been reported.ObjectiveTo report on a series of patients whose stent retriever thrombectomy was complicated by intraprocedural vessel perforation and discuss its potential mechanisms, rescue treatment strategies, and clinical significance.MethodsCases with intraprocedural vessel perforation, where a stent retriever was used either as a primary treatment approach or as a part of a direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT), were included in the final analysis. Clinical data, procedural details, radiographic and clinical outcomes were collected from nine participating centers.ResultsIntraprocedural vessel perforation during stent retriever thrombectomy occurred in 16 (1.0%) of 1599 cases. 63% of intraprocedural perforations occurred at distal locations. Endovascular rescue techniques (most commonly, intracranial balloon occlusion for tamponade) were attempted in 50% of cases. Procedure was aborted without any rescue attempts in 44% of cases. Mortality during hospitalization and at 3 months was 56% and 63%, respectively. 25% of patients achieved good functional outcome at 3 months after the procedure.ConclusionsIntraprocedural perforations during stent retriever thrombectomy were rare, but when they occurred were associated with high mortality. Perforations most commonly occurred at distal occlusion sites and were often characterized by difficulty traversing the occlusion with a microcatheter or microwire, or while withdrawing the stent retriever. Nevertheless, 25% of patients had a favorable functional outcome, suggesting that in some patients with this complication good neurological recovery is achievable.