bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stahlbeton‐Dachtragwerke – eine typische Konstruktionsform der Nachkriegszeit
Authors: Beyer Christine , Ortlepp Sebastian , Naumann Thomas , Ortlepp Regine 
Published: November 2017

AbstractZu den markanten Baukonstruktionen der Nachkriegszeit in Mittel‐ und Ostdeutschland gehören Dachtragwerke aus Stahlbeton. Der wesentliche Grund für die Konzeption und Errichtung derartiger Strukturen lag in dem zur Bauzeit existierenden Mangel an Bauholz. Betonfertigteilbetriebe entwickelten insbesondere in den 1950er‐ und 1960er‐Jahren Systemlösungen für Dächer verschiedener Spannweiten. Solche Konstruktionen wurden als Sprossendach bezeichnet und anfangs in nur gering technisierter Form umgesetzt. Jedoch gelang es sehr schnell, derartige Dachtragwerke stärker zu systematisieren, auf eine weitgehende Vorfertigung umzustellen und qualitativ zu verbessern. Dieser Aufsatz zeigt eine Analyse ausgewählter Stahlbetondachkonstruktionen in Mittel‐ und Ostdeutschland am Beispiel der Region Dresden. Im Ergebnis der Bestandsaufnahmen weisen die nunmehr über 50 Jahre alten Strukturen in der Regel vergleichsweise geringe Schäden auf. Trotz ihres durchaus günstigen Langzeitverhaltens hat sich diese Bauweise, wohl aufgrund des recht hohen Planungs‐ und Montageaufwands sowie ihrer mangelnden Flexibilität, nicht durchgesetzt.
Flood protection for the City of Beira
Authors: Spekker Heiko , Heskamp Jan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA new tidal outlet is now protecting the port city on Mozambique's Indian Ocean coast with a population of approximately half a million people, and improving the city's drainage. Since the Indian Ocean in this area has a very large tidal range of up to 7 m, reliable coastal protection is of great importance. The Chiveve tidal river, which runs through the city for a distance of approx. 5 km, was neglected in the past, and became increasingly silted up, to the point that it no longer served as a drainage channel for the surrounding area. The standing water promoted the spreading of diseases such as malaria and cholera. During very high tides or storm surges in the adjacent ocean, combined with heavy rainfall, the Chiveve regularly overflowed its banks and flooded much of its catchment area – particularly the informal settlements along its banks. To address this problem, Inros Lackner designed a new tidal outlet and flood barrier to protect Beira's city centre. The project also included a comprehensive plan for the reestablishment of the original river course and renaturation measures along its embankments. This included excavation of the river, dredging of sludge within the fishing port downstream, resettlement measures, and planting of young mangroves along the river banks.
Peptide modulators of Rac1/Tiam1 protein‐protein interaction: An alternative approach for cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Contini Alessandro , Ferri Nicola , Bucci Raffaella , Lupo Maria Giovanna , Erba Emanuela , Gelmi Maria Luisa , Pellegrino Sara 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRac1 GTPase interaction with guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam1 is involved in several cancer types and cardiovascular diseases. Although small molecules interfering with their protein‐protein interaction (PPI) were identified and studied, the ability of small peptides and peptide mimics acting as Rac1/Tiam1 PPI inhibitors has not been yet explored. Using computational alanine scanning (CAS), the “hot” interfacial residues have been determined allowing the design of a small library of putative PPI inhibitors. In particular, the insertion of an unnatural alpha, alpha disubstituted amino acid, that is norbornane amino acid, and the side chain stapling have been evaluated regarding both conformational stability and biological activity. REMD calculations and CD studies have indicated that one single norbornane amino acid at the N‐terminus is not sufficient to stabilize the helix structure, while the side‐chain stapling is a more efficient strategy. Furthermore, both engineered peptides have been found able to reduce Rac1‐GTP levels in cultured human smooth muscle cells, while wild type sequence is not active.
3D aggregate culture improves metabolic maturation of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Correia Cláudia , Koshkin Alexey , Duarte Patrícia , Hu Dongjian , Carido Madalena , Sebastião Maria J. , Gomes‐Alves Patrícia , Elliott David A. , Domian Ibrahim J. , Teixeira Ana P. , Alves Paula M. , Serra Margarida 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) cultures of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC‐CMs) hold great promise for drug discovery, providing a better approximation to the in vivo physiology over standard two‐dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures. However, the transition of CM differentiation protocols from 2D to 3D cultures is not straightforward. In this work, we relied on the aggregation of hPSC‐derived cardiac progenitors and their culture under agitated conditions to generate highly pure cardiomyocyte aggregates. Whole‐transcriptome analysis and 13C‐metabolic flux analysis allowed to demonstrate at both molecular and fluxome levels that such 3D culture environment enhances metabolic maturation of hiPSC‐CMs. When compared to 2D, 3D cultures of hiPSC‐CMs displayed down‐regulation of genes involved in glycolysis and lipid biosynthesis and increased expression of genes involved in OXPHOS. Accordingly, 3D cultures of hiPSC‐CMs had lower fluxes through glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis and increased TCA‐cycle activity. Importantly, we demonstrated that the 3D culture environment reproducibly improved both CM purity and metabolic maturation across different hPSC lines, thereby providing a robust strategy to derive enriched hPSC‐CMs with metabolic features closer to that of adult CMs.
Quantitative Electrochemical DNA Microarray on a Monolith Electrode with Ten Attomolar Sensitivity, 100 % Specificity, and Zero Background
Authors: Raghunath Shobana , Prasad Abhijeet , Tevatia Rahul , Gunther Jillian.R. , Roy Santanu , Krishnan Sunil , Saraf Ravi F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCirculating microRNA are promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease in quantitative blood tests. A label‐free, PCR‐free, electrochemical microarray technology on a monolith electrode is described, with 10 attomolar (aM) sensitivity and responsiveness to binding of <1 zeptomole of target to immobilized ssDNA probes with zero background. Specificity is 100 % in a mixture with five nonspecific miRNA each with a 103‐fold higher concentration. Direct measurement on plasma‐derived miRNA without cDNA conversion and PCR demonstrated multiplexing and near‐ideal quantitative correlation with an equivalent pure sample. The dynamic range is a target concentration ranging from 10−2 to 103 femtomolar (fM). This PCR‐free novel technology can be applied as a test for cancer diagnosis/prognosis to detect 103 copies of a miRNA sequence in RNA extracted from 100 μL of plasma.
From Water and Ni Foam to a Ni(OH)2@Ni Foam Binder‐Free Supercapacitor Electrode: A Green Corrosion Route
Authors: Liu Xu , Yang Yue , Xing Xinxin , Zou Tong , Wang Zidong , Wang Yude 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this work, a Ni(OH)2@Ni foam binder‐free electrode was obtained through the corrosion of Ni foam with ultrapure water under hydrothermal conditions. The structure, morphology, and surface chemical states of the obtained Ni(OH)2@Ni foam were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The chemical formation mechanism is discussed. In addition, it was found that the loading amount and morphology of the deposited Ni(OH)2 depend largely on the corrosion time. Furthermore, electrodes corroded for different times were then directly used as working electrodes to investigate the areal and specific capacitances of the deposited Ni(OH)2 by using cyclic voltammetry, through which a relationship between the corrosion time, loading amount, morphology, and final capacitance is built up. The electrode with the highest areal capacitance was further studied with cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge−discharge processes, as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The as‐prepared Ni(OH)2@Ni foam is a typical pseudocapacitance electrode. At a high current density of 5 mA cm−2, the electrode exhibits an areal capacitance of 0.863 F cm−2. For the deposited Ni(OH)2, its specific capacitance reaches 693 F g−1 at a current density of 4 A g−1. After 3000 charge−discharge cycles at a current density as high as 10 A g−1 (12.5 mA cm−2), the areal capacitance retains 77.3 % of its initial value. The findings in this work could be meaningful for the corrosion preparation of related electrodes and the design of binder‐free electrodes.
Supramolecular Chirality Issues in Unorthodox Naphthalene Diimide Gelators
Authors: Ghosh Goutam , Paul Mithun , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Matsuda Wakana , Seki Shu , Ghosh Suhrit 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHerein, the self‐assembly of a few 1,3‐dihydroxyl functionalized naphthalene diimide (NDI) derivatives has been reported with particular emphasis on the impact of chirality on gelation and the effect of self‐assembly on charge‐carrier mobility. A nonconventional gelator (R)‐NDI, devoid of any long alkyl chains, exhibited spontaneous gelation in tetra‐chloroethylene (TCE). Based on X‐ray crystallography and powder X‐ray diffraction studies, it was established that a ladder‐like hydrogen‐bonded chain formation between the 1,3‐dihydroxyl group leads to the fibrillar structures with preferential helicity. Likewise the (S)‐isomer also exhibited identical gelation and mesoscopic structure but produced fibrils with the opposite handedness. Intriguingly, an equimolar mixture of the (R)‐ and (S)‐isomers did not show any gelation ability, rather a macroscopic precipitation was observed and, in sharp contrast to the individual isomers, the morphology of the mixture showed ill‐defined near spherical agglomerates. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies revealed an identical crystallization peak for the supramolecular polymer produced from the enantiopure gelators ((R)‐ or (S)‐isomer), which was absent in their equimolar mixture. However, mixtures of the two isomers with enantiomeric excess retrieved the gelation ability and preferential helicity demonstrating that chiral amplification is operative in the present system through the so‐called “majority rule” effect. Chirality induction was also realized by the “sergeant and soldier” principle in the supramolecular assembly of an achiral NDI gelator in the presence of either the (R)‐ or (S)‐isomer as the chiral dopant. However, the strong helical bias induced by the chiral gelator was found to be opposite in nature compared to that found in the self‐assembly of the pure chiral gelator that has been rarely reported in the literature. Flash‐photolysis time‐resolved microwave conductivity (FP‐TRMC) measurements indicated the strong positive impact of the gelation on the electrical conductivity.
Comparative morphology of gigantopyramidal neurons in primary motor cortex across mammals
Authors: Jacobs Bob , Garcia Madeleine E. , Shea‐Shumsky Noah B. , Tennison Mackenzie E. , Schall Matthew , Saviano Mark S. , Tummino Tia A. , Bull Anthony J. , Driscoll Lori L. , Raghanti Mary Ann , Lewandowski Albert H. , Wicinski Bridget , Ki Chui Hong , Bertelsen Mads F. , Walsh Timothy , Bhagwandin Adhil , Spocter Muhammad A. , Hof Patrick R. , Sherwood Chet C. , Manger Paul R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGigantopyramidal neurons, referred to as Betz cells in primates, are characterized by large somata and extensive basilar dendrites. Although there have been morphological descriptions and drawings of gigantopyramidal neurons in a limited number of species, quantitative investigations have typically been limited to measures of soma size. The current study thus employed two separate analytical approaches: a morphological investigation using the Golgi technique to provide qualitative and quantitative somatodendritic measures of gigantopyramidal neurons across 19 mammalian species from 7 orders; and unbiased stereology to compare the soma volume of layer V pyramidal and gigantopyramidal neurons in primary motor cortex between 11 carnivore and 9 primate species. Of the 617 neurons traced in the morphological analysis, 181 were gigantopyramidal neurons, with deep (primarily layer V) pyramidal (n = 203) and superficial (primarily layer III) pyramidal (n = 233) neurons quantified for comparative purposes. Qualitatively, dendritic morphology varied considerably across species, with some (sub)orders (e.g., artiodactyls, perissodactyls, feliforms) exhibiting bifurcating, V‐shaped apical dendrites. Basilar dendrites exhibited idiosyncratic geometry across and within taxonomic groups. Quantitatively, most dendritic measures were significantly greater in gigantopyramidal neurons than in superficial and deep pyramidal neurons. Cluster analyses revealed that most taxonomic groups could be discriminated based on somatodendritic morphology for both superficial and gigantopyramidal neurons. Finally, in agreement with Brodmann, gigantopyramidal neurons in both the morphological and stereological analyses were larger in feliforms (especially in the Panthera species) than in other (sub)orders, possibly due to specializations in muscle fiber composition and musculoskeletal systems.
Frontal eye field in prosimian galagos: Intracortical microstimulation and tracing studies
Authors: Stepniewska Iwona , Pouget Pierre , Kaas Jon H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe frontal eye field (FEF) in prosimian primates was identified as a small cortical region, above and anterior to the anterior frontal sulcus, from which saccadic eye movements were evoked with electrical stimulation. Tracer injections revealed FEF connections with cortical and subcortical structures participating in higher order visual processing. Ipsilateral cortical connections were the densest with adjoining parts of the dorsal premotor and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Label in a region corresponding to supplementary eye field (SEF) of other primates, suggests the existence of SEF in galagos. Other connections were with ventral premotor cortex (PMV), the caudal half of posterior parietal cortex, cingulate cortex, visual areas within the superior temporal sulcus, and inferotemporal cortex. Callosal connections were mostly with the region of the FEF of another hemisphere, SEF, PFC, and PMV. Most subcortical connections were ipsilateral, but some were bilateral. Dense bilateral connections were to caudate nuclei. Densest reciprocal ipsilateral connections were with the paralamellar portion of mediodorsal nucleus, intralaminar nuclei and magnocellular portion of ventral anterior nucleus. Other FEF connections were with the claustrum, reticular nucleus, zona incerta, lateral posterior and medial pulvinar nuclei, nucleus limitans, pretectal area, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, mesencephalic and pontine reticular formation and pontine nuclei. Surprisingly, the superior colliculus (SC) contained only sparse anterograde label. Although most FEF connections in galagos are similar to those in monkeys, the FEF‐SC connections appear to be much less. This suggests that a major contribution of the FEF to visuomotor functions of SC emerged with the evolution of anthropoid primates.
Parallel and distributed core label propagation with graph coloring
Authors: Attal Jean‐Philippe , Malek Maria , Zolghadri Marc 
Published: November 2017

SummaryLabel propagation is one of the fastest methods for community detection with near linear time complexity. It is a local method where each node interacts with its neighbors to change its own label. Unfortunately, it has two major drawbacks. The first is a bad propagation, sometimes leading to huge communities without meaning (the giant communities problem). The second is related to its instability. Trials of a label propagation algorithm rarely give the same result. We propose to use a more stable variant of label propagation with a core method attached in order to obtain a more deterministic algorithm. This implementation will be done in a parallel and distributed environment on Hadoop using the MapReduce framework in order to apply this method with graphs having millions of nodes and edges. The main contribution of this paper is to model a parallel and distributed algorithm to achieve this purpose. A case study of the algorithm proposed is described at the end of the article along with the comparison of our results with other well‐known algorithms.
Performance evaluation of linked stream data processing engines for situational awareness applications
Authors: Lachhab Fadwa , Bakhouya Mohamed , Ouladsine Radouane , Essaaidi Mohammed 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe easy deployment of wireless sensors allows the development of context‐aware applications that could react to the environment changes and users preferences. For example, data extracted from mobile phones, IoT devices, and embedded computers in buses and taxis could be processed in real time to understand city dynamics. However, gathering and real‐time processing of relevant data are still a challenging task. For instance, the high volume of streaming data requires real‐time processing in order to generate immediate mitigation actions. Complex‐event processing (CEP) techniques and predictive analytics have been recently proposed for analyzing streaming data in order to generate fast insights and then take suitable actions according to the situations' changes. These techniques could be also used to predict future situations and react to them properly before happening. The work presented in this paper focuses mainly on the performance evaluation of three CEP engines, CQELS, C‐SPARQL, and ETALIS, that are widely used by researchers for linked stream data processing. Experiments have been conducted using two existing benchmarks, CityBench and SP2Bench. Several performance metrics have been evaluated to assess on their ability to process high streaming data using complex queries. Results are reported to show the efficiency and scalability of these CEP engines for both social‐based data (SP2Bench) and physical‐based data (CityBench). Reported results show that ETALIS outperforms CQELS and C‐SPARQL in terms of throughput and memory utilization. ETALIS was integrated as a use case scenario for occupancy and air quality comfort in energy‐efficient buildings. Results show the usefulness of CEP for real‐time data processing and reasoning.
Excited‐State Dipole Moments and Transition Dipole Orientations of Rotamers of 1,2‐, 1,3‐, and 1,4‐Dimethoxybenzene
Authors: Schneider Michael , Wilke Martin , Hebestreit Marie‐Luise , Henrichs Christian , Meerts W. Leo , Schmitt Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRotationally resolved electronic Stark spectra of rotamers of 1,2‐, 1,3‐, and 1,4‐dimethoxybenzene have been recorded and analyzed using evolutionary strategies. The experimentally determined dipole moments as well as the transition dipole moments are compared to the results of ab initio calculations. For the electronic ground states of the experimentally observed dimethoxybenzenes, the permanent dipole moments can be obtained from vectorial addition of the monomethoxybenzene dipole moment. However, this is not the case for the electronically excited states. This behavior can be traced back to a state mixing of the lowest electronically excited singlet states for the asymmetric rotamers. For the symmetric rotamers however, this is not valid. We discuss several possible reasons for the non‐additivity of the dipole moments in the excited states of the symmetric rotamers.
Thermochemical Insights into Fullerene Aggregation and the Phthalocyanine–Fullerene Interaction in Efficient Solvents
Authors: Lebedeva Nathalya S. , Gubarev Yuri A. , Kolker Arkadiy M. , Borovkov Nicholas Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe physicochemical behavior of fullerene C60 in hydrocarbon solvents is examined by isothermal titration calorimetry, photocalorimetry, and UV spectroscopy. The obtained data are summarized to substantiate the idea of the binary fullerene/solvent cluster as a colloidal nanoentity that moderates noncovalent interactions of the C60 molecule in solution. This idea serves to aid understanding of the complex physicochemical behavior of tert‐butyl‐substituted phthalocyanine in C60‐saturated o‐xylene under illumination with low‐energy photons. The proposed experimental approach, which focuses on concentrated solutions and is applicable to multicomponent systems, is discussed as a potential tool of materials science.
Photocurrent Enhancement in DNA‐Scaffolded Chromophore–Aggregate‐Functionalized Systems Containing Multiple Types of Chromophores
Authors: Nakamura Mitsunobu , Jomura Ayumi , Takada Tadao , Yamana Kazushige 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe construction of one‐dimensional chromophore aggregates of naphthalenediimide (NDI) and bis(2‐thienyl)diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) using 40‐mer oligodeoxythymidines (dT40) as a scaffold was previously reported. Furthermore, the chromophore‐aggregate (NDI‐dT40/TDPP‐dT40) co‐immobilized heterojunction gold electrode exhibited a more efficient photocurrent than the TDPP–dT40‐immobilized electrode with selective photoexcitation of TDPP‐dT40. In this work, a system comprising three components (in which the chromophore aggregates of diphenyl‐diketopyrrolopyrrole (PDPP‐dT40) are employed as a third component) was examined in order to enhance photocurrent efficiency. Selective photoexcitation of TDPP‐dT40 on the NDI‐dT40/TDPP‐dT40/PDPP‐dT40 electrode shows photocurrent responses with greater quantum yield than those of the TDPP‐dT40, NDI‐dT40/TDPP‐dT40 and TDPP‐dT40/PDPP‐dT40 electrodes. The results suggest the addition of PDPP‐dT40 can control charge separation and charge recombination between the electron and the hole (generated by an electron transfer from the photoexcited TDPP‐dT40 to NDI‐dT40).
Solubilization and Upgrading of High Polyethylene Terephthalate Loadings in a Low‐Costing Bifunctional Ionic Liquid
Authors: Sun Jian , Liu Dajiang , Young Robert P. , Cruz Alejandro G. , Isern Nancy G. , Schuerg Timo , Cort John R. , Simmons Blake A. , Singh Seema 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe solubilization and efficient upgrading of high loadings of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are important challenges, and most solvents for PET are highly toxic. Herein, a low‐cost (ca. $1.2 kg−1) and biocompatible ionic liquid (IL), cholinium phosphate ([Ch]3[PO4]), is demonstrated for the first time to play bifunctional roles in the solubilization and glycolytic degradation of PET. A high loading of PET (10 wt %) was readily dissolved in [Ch]3[PO4] at relatively low temperatures (120 °C, 3 h) and under water‐rich conditions. In‐depth analysis of the solution revealed that high PET solubilization in [Ch]3[PO4] could be ascribed to significant PET depolymerization. Acid precipitation yielded terephthalic acid as the dominant depolymerized monomer with a theoretical yield of approximately 95 %. Further exploration showed that in the presence of ethylene glycol (EG), the [Ch]3[PO4]‐catalyzed glycolysis of PET could efficiently occur with approximately 100 % conversion of PET and approximately 60.6 % yield of bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)terephthalate under metal‐free conditions. The IL could be reused at least three times without an apparent decrease in activity. NMR spectroscopy analysis revealed that strong hydrogen‐bonding interactions between EG and the IL played an important role in the activation of EG and promotion of the glycolysis reaction. This study opens up avenues for exploring environmentally benign and efficient IL technology for solubilizing and recycling postconsumer polyester plastics.