bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERFORMANCES COMPARISON BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL PIG FARMING SYSTEMS IN MANOKWARI, WEST PAPUA PROVINCE INDONESIA
Authors: Saragih Desni Triana Ruli , Lyai Deny Anjelus 
Published: April 2016

<p><span>Pigs are kept both in urban and rural areas. This research identified the performance differences <span>between urban and rural farming systems. The study was conducted in Manokwari regency and involved <span>six districts, i.e. Nothern Manokwari district, Eastern Manokari District, Western Manokwari district,<br /><span>Warmare district, Prafi district and Masni district. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0, an <span>independent-samples T test was run to compare urban and rural pig farming systems. The research found <span>that there were differences of ages and feeding hours (P&lt;0.05) between those two farming systems. There<br /><span>were no differences in household members, experience, average pig owned, working hours, selling period, <span>litter size and number of farrowing. There are nine point of pig farming improvement that should be done to <span>sustain pig farming systems in Manokwari Papua. Education may be improved by provide informal and <span>skillful education. Pig ownership should be increased. Working hours must be increased. Pig keeping in the <span>pens should be done by farmers. Managing pigs with additional time is important so that pigs will be <span>maintained well. Litter sizes both in urban and rural are low, therefore further improvements are needed. <span>Recording pig productivities must be done by every farmer.<br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>(Key words: Arfak pig farmers, Pig performance, Rural pig farming, Urban pig farming)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></p>
EFFECT OF NONI FRUIT (Morinda citrifolia) POWDER AS FEED ADDITIVE ON INTESTINAL MICROFLORA AND VILI CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID DUCK
Authors: Kurniawan David , Widodo Eko , Djunaidi Irfan H 
Published: April 2016

<p class="Default">Noni fruit is a medicanal plant with biological activity like antimicrobial and antioxidant that could potentially be used as a feed additive in poultry. This research investigated the effect of noni fruit powder as feed additive on intestinal microflora and villi characteristics of hybrid duck. The subjects for this study were one hundred fifty of 2-week-old hybrid duck that were divided into 5 dietary groups, namely P0: basal feed serving as negative control, P1: basal feed + 1 % noni fruit powder, P2: basal feed + 2 % noni fruit powder, P3: basal feed + 3 % noni fruit powder, P4: basal feed supplemented with tetracycline antibiotic (300mg/kg feed) as positive control. Data were analyzed by one-way of Completely Randomized Design and if there was significant effect followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The result show that levels of noni fruit powder significantly influence (P&lt;0.01) intestinal microflora. Total Escherichia coli of intestinal microflora was decreasing, however total Lactic acid bacteria was equal to negative control. Intestinal villi characteristics show that significantly different (P&lt;0.01) with used noni fruit powder. Treatment noni fruit powder 1% can increase villus length and villus surface area.</p><p class="Default"> </p><p class="Default">(Key words: Duck, Intestinal changes, Noni Fruit, Phytobiotic)</p>
KUALITAS NUTRISI AMPAS KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L.) FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN Aspergillus niger
Authors: Kurniawan Heri 
Published: April 2016

<p class="Default"><em><span>This research was aimed to observe the effect of usage of Aspergillus niger for fermenting coconut dregs (Cocos Nucifera </span></em><span>L.<em>) on its nutrition quality. Aspergillus niger obtained from Biochemical and Nutrition Laboratory of Animal Science Faculty on UGM, Yogyakarta was optimalized at coconut oil and coconut dregs as substrat. Variable was perceived for example enzyme lipase production, the quality of physical (pH, texture, color, aroma), and chemical composition of coconut dregs, steamed coconut dregs, fermented coconut dregs and steamed fermented coconut dregs. The result showed that Aspergillus niger producted highest enzyme of lipase in four days incubation either at coconut oil (0.85U/ml) and coconut dregs (1.81U/ml) as substrat. The treatment of steaming and fermenting of coconut dregs affected of pH, tekstur, color, aroma as will as decreased dry materials (12.75 and 16.24%), crude fat (13.11 and 29.20%), organic materials (5.21 and 16.89%) but increased crude protein (11.84%), crude fibre (24.85 and 36.81%) and extract materials without nitrogen (10.28 and 23.97%). It could be concluded that Aspergillus niger have activity of lipase which high enough so that can degraded fat content of coconut dregs. </em></span></p><p class="Default"><span> </span></p><p class="Default"><em><span>(Key word: Aspergillus niger, Coconut dregs, Fermentation)</span></em></p>
Anatomical Findings in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty for Idiopathic Femoral Head Osteonecrosis
Authors: Ollivier Matthieu , Lunebourg Alexandre , Abdel Matthew P. , Parratte Sébastien , Argenson Jean-Noël 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head has a host of etiologies. However, in 30% of the cases, no underlying etiology is identified and the process is considered “idiopathic.” Our hypothesis was that osseous anatomical abnormalities might be frequently found in patients with femoral head osteonecrosis.

Methods:
A retrospective, 1:2 matched, case-control study was undertaken to compare ninety patients with idiopathic osteonecrosis who had undergone lower-limb computed tomography (CT) prior to undergoing total hip arthroplasty with 180 control patients matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) who had undergone lower-limb computed tomography scanning at our radiology department for any reason except articular or bone disease. Preoperative CT scans were performed for all patients to evaluate femoral offset, femoral neck-shaft angle, femoral neck version, femoral head diameter, acetabular coverage estimated with use of the lateral center-edge angle, acetabular version, and acetabular diameter. The mean age was forty-five years, 69% of the patients were men, and the mean BMI was 26 kg/m2.

Results:
Anatomical “abnormalities” associated with osteonecrosis were determined to be a femoral neck-shaft angle of <129° (likelihood ratio [LR] = 3.6), femoral neck version of >17° (LR = 3.8), a lateral center-edge angle of <32° (LR = 5.7), and acetabular version of <19° (LR = 1.38). A combination of three of the four anatomical “abnormalities” was found in 73% of the patients with osteonecrosis but only 11% of the control cases (LR = 6).

Conclusions:
This 1:2 matched, anatomical study suggests that acetabular and femoral anatomical factors, in isolation or combination, can be found in a large percentage of cases of “idiopathic” osteonecrosis.

Clinical Relevance:
In this study, isolated or combined abnormalities of the hip were observed in the group of patients with osteonecrosis. Those elements may help surgeons to understand the process underlying idiopathic osteonecrosis and thus require further investigation.
Use of the Reamer/Irrigator/Aspirator Decreases Carotid and Cranial Embolic Events in a Canine Model
Authors: Miller Anna N. , Deal Dwight , Green James , Houle Timothy , Brown William , Thore Clara , Stump David , Webb Lawrence X. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Approximately 2 million patients in the United States annually undergo total joint arthroplasty with reaming and placement of intramedullary nails, resulting in extravasation of bone marrow and fat into the circulatory system and potentially causing fat embolism syndrome. Acute and chronic changes in mental status documented after these procedures may be related to embolic events. The Reamer/Irrigator/Aspirator (RIA) device has been shown to decrease intramedullary pressure during reaming. We hypothesized that the use of the RIA in a canine model would reduce the number of microemboli detected in the carotid artery and brain compared with nailing either with or without reaming.

Methods:
Twenty-four large canines underwent unreamed nailing (UR), sequentially reamed nailing (SR), or RIA-reamed nailing (RIA) of bilateral femora (eight dogs per group). During reaming and nailing, the number and size of microemboli transiting the carotid artery were recorded. After euthanasia, the brain was harvested for immunostaining and measurement of microinfarction volumes.

Results:
Total embolic load passing through the carotid artery was 0.049 cc (UR), 0.045 cc (SR), and 0.013 cc (RIA). The number and size of microemboli in the UR and SR groups were similar; however, the RIA group had significantly fewer larger-sized (>200-μm) emboli (p = 0.03). Pathologic examination of the brain confirmed particulate emboli, and histologic analyses demonstrated upregulation of stress-related proteins in all groups, with fewer emboli and less evidence of stress for RIA reaming.

Conclusions:
RIA reaming decreased microemboli compared with traditional reaming and unreamed nailing, suggesting that intramedullary pressure and heat are important variables. The documented embolic events and brain stress may help to explain subtle neurobehavioral symptoms commonly seen in patients after undergoing long-bone reaming procedures.

Clinical Relevance:
RIA reaming decreased cranial embolic events and may have an ameliorating effect on postoperative neurologic sequelae.
LWD Sine Wave Image Logging Advances: Utilizing the Latest Technology of High-Resolution Images Acquired in Highly Conductive Mud in Horizontal Hole
Authors: El Saify Abdel Fattah 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Continued technological advances have made image logging-while-drilling (LWD) technologies a reliable tool to evaluate and describe reservoir characterization.
One benefit of imaging-while-drilling is the ability to evaluate the formation in real-time and the rush interpretation of high-resolution images offers view of large fractures, vugs, faults and bedding planes. This can provide better well placement in regard to the intended target formation.
The ability to obtain high quality images in a wide range of conductive/non-conductive mud environments, resistivity imaging tools requires special considerations.
The deployment of a new LWD micro-imaging tool.in the studied well for a major oil field in UAE which is drilled with a high saline mud reveals successful while drilling image log acquisition with high image resolution and good quality data. This enables the specialists from both companies to capture all structural and sediment-logical features from the wellbore wall as well as to help in precise well placement (Geo-steering) decisions in real time.
The quick look interpretation revealed direct and indirect evidences of three faults intersecting the wellbore (sub-seismic faults), pronounced fracture corridors and the variations in structural dip along the well trajectory (zonation). A detailed analysis of the image data enable a better understanding of the well structural and enhance reservoir model.
This paper reviews the while drilling wire-line Quality micro-imager's deployment, the considerations that need to be reviewed before a micro-imaging job commences, and image examples demonstrate the good quality of image data.
The implementation of this particular Sine Wave Image was very successful, which was saving huge money, time additional to improve the well productivity specially while drilling in a fractured reservoir using Sine wave Image with SAGOR tool to isolate by using Inflow control devices "ICD" completion with an isolated swelling packer.
Making Facilities Safer by Design
Authors: Ellis Graeme R 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Investigations of major accidents in the Oil and Gas sector often reveal multiple failures in layers of protection or barriers. Companies should learn from the findings and aim to continuously develop and tighten their own management controls to provide assurance that critical barriers are working effectively. However, this approach to process safety management pre-supposes that the barriers required to provide significant risk reduction are necessary in the first place. This paper supports a complimentary inherent safety approach to designing processing facilities, an approach that aims to removes hazards or minimises their consequences by better design rather than a reliance on ‘bolt-on’ protective barriers that can and do fail.
Inherent Safety principles are not new and were introduced into the process industry by safety guru Trevor Kletz in the 1970's with his motto, "What you don't have, can't leak". These principles have not gained the same momentum as other process safety risk assessments such as HAZOP studies. Whilst there are good examples of inherently safe process designs within the Oil and Gas sector, it is suggested that opportunities to apply inherent safety principles during the design process are not being systematically identified and exploited.
This paper is written by the author of updated guidance for Inherent Safety in Design (ISD) published in 2014 by the UK Energy Institute. The guidance is targeted at Project Leaders in upstream and downstream Oil and Gas facilities and aims to change the culture that favours designs with ‘bolt-on’ safety features. It highlights the benefits from applying ISD at a very early stage of the design process, looking to reduce the overall major accident potential whilst offering the added benefit of reducing capital and operating costs.
For major projects in the Oil and Gas sector, the EI guidance introduces the requirement for an Inherent Safety workshop at the concept selection stage, before HAZID studies that are subsequently used during the FEED stage. A multi-disciplinary team identifies potential hazardous events based on a Process Block Diagram, and applies Inherent Safety principles to identify possible improvement options, following the hierarchy; Elimination, Substitution, Minimisation, Moderation, Segregation and Simplification.
Redevelopment of Water Ultra-mature (85% Water Cut) Field: Case History
Authors: Tizzano D. , Colella L. , Bardini S. , Moriggi S. , Giardini R. , Renna S. , Sala C. , Nobili M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Oil companies are focused on asset value maximization with a view to augment overall hydrocarbon recovery. This goal remains a notable challenge to execute in mature fields which contribute to majority of the world's global oil production today. An integrated structured approach from the multidisciplinary skill set is the key for redeveloping mature fields.
The present paper focus on the efforts spent on a brown oil field located approximately 35 km offshore in a water depth of 90 m with more than 35 years of production. To date the field is in production with 8,000 bopd and a 85% watercut.
The concession License expiration and the facilities ageing/deterioration forced a technical re-evaluation of the possible development scenarios for the field with the aim to maximize the recoverable reserves and minimize the capital expenses.
Based on high level of synergy amongst the teams and thanks to the workflow adopted, the identification of "still recoverable" under-drained potential has resulted in leading to a new development phase in the mature asset.
The paper will cover the full spectrum of static and dynamic review including well location placement/trajectory/completion design, artificial lift requirements, reservoir pressure support needs, evaluation of tertiary recovery schemes while keeping into account economic feasibility together with Concession License expiration. Results and conclusions together with lessons learnt that can be applied to similar assets globally will also be presented.
Perforating with Deep Penetrating Guns Followed by Propellant Treatment Yields Results in Tight Reservoirs - UAE Case Study
Authors: Aftab M. N. , Hegazy G. M. , Salsman A. D. , Abdel Shakour S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A recent exploration well in the UAE was drilled through a gas zone in extremely tight carbonate rock. The evaluation success of this interval hinged on the production of gas to surface to confirm the presence of hydrocarbon. After drilling the well and running the completion the rig was demobilized and the testing work was carried out using rig-less techniques. An abrasive jetting stimulation technique was attempted but was unsuccessful. The zone was finally tested using wireline conveyed perforating guns followed by wireline conveyed propellant stimulation equipment. After the first perforating run with a premium deep penetration gun system gas started to accumulate at surface confirming that a connection had been made to the reservoir. This accumulation in the pipe was bled off occasionally and continued to build through the remaining perforation runs. After perforating was completed each interval was treated with a propellant assembly which increased the rate of gas build-up significantly indicating value of the propellant treatment. The entire job progression was recorded with a surface pressure recording device. This paper will review the obstacles encountered to test this tight unconventional reservoir, the planning for this job including the risk assessment and modeling for the propellant runs, along with the status of the perforating and propellant equipment as it was returned to surface. The techniques used to confirm this reservoir contained gas that could be produced to surface have applications in many unconventional reservoir exploration wells and for many operators in the region.
Wetland Engineering to Treat Process Waterer
Authors: Kabadeh Abdi 
Published: April 2016

1. Abstract
GASCO Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) operations in the Western Region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi generate produced water that currently is disposed of by injection into a deep well. GASCO was seeking a sustainable solution to reuse this waste stream, primarily for irrigation, thereby offsetting volumes of imported potable water. The primary driver is environmental sustainability. GASCO have expressed a desire to investigate the feasibility of selecting wetland treatment technology as that sustainable solution, and have conducted the study. In terms of treatment of produced water, the key parameters of concern are: Hydrogen sulphide gas and volatile organic carbons;Oil (free-product);Petroleum Hydrocarbons;
In order to provide evidential support to that recommendation, the study included design, construction, operation and monitoring of a Proof-of-Concept pilot plant sited at Asab-O. It clearly demonstrated that oxygenation boosts wetland treatment rates and keeps plants healthy, especially compared to the nonoxygenated (passive) wetlands. Oxygenated wetlands are smaller than passive wetlands, have lower evaporation losses, and increase the amount of water available for irrigation. Moreover, for produced water treatment, oxygenation promotes vigorous plant growth.
The Project Definition process sought to compare two main types of wetland treatment technologies, passive and intensified, the former relying on oxygen transfer from the atmosphere to the wetland without mechanical assistance while the latter injects oxygen into the system to speed up treatment and reduce the area required for wetland treatment, thus reduce capital costs. The report recommended that a side-stream oxygenated treatment wetland was the best available technology to treat GASCO produced water.
In conclusion, control of sulphide odours, production of irrigation-grade reuse water, optimisation of design criteria for other GASCO treatment wetlands, and integration of wetland operation with plant operations are the main technical benefits of intensive treatment wetlands. Execution of the Asab-0 full-scale concept design will also allow evaluation of these and any additional benefits, and how best to enhance them.
Challenges and Lessons Learned from Developing a Thin Super K Complex Carbonate Oil Reservoir with Gas Cap and Active Water Drive - A Case Study from the Middle East
Authors: Alklih Mohamad Yousef , Bin Sumaidaa Saleh A. , El Gazar Ashraf Lotfy , Knytl Jan , Ali Khan Muhammad Kamran , Abu Baker Aida Shafina 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a case study of developing a complex super k thin carbonate reservoir with a thin upper super permeable layer with a significant volume of oil, a gas cap and an active water drive in Abu Dhabi-UAE. The field lies in a coastal marine area covering mainland, natural and artificial islands as well as shallow and deep marine areas. The reservoir lies within a relatively low relief heterogeneous carbonate structural trap originally deposited within a complex depositional environment, characterized by lateral and vertical variations in reservoir rock and fluid properties.
Six years of production dynamic data are available from oil producers in addition to well testing and MDT data. The production is constrained by the presence of a high permeable streak just below the dense carbonate top seal and bounded by gas cap above and water below. This streak dominates the drainage of reservoir in such a way that the majority of the wells completed suffer from early apparent gas cusping and increasing water production.
The reservoir has been penetrated by vertical, deviated and horizontal wellbores. In relation to this, differences in production performance have been observed, specifically with respect to gas oil ratio and water cut. During the early development stage, three horizontal holes were drilled, however due to the difficulties of proper geo-steering of the horizontal hole placement within the thin oil column, two holes were placed in the gas cap and the third was placed in water. The main challenges of current and future development plans are the optimization of well design, placement and completion strategy to avoid the gas cap and transition zone.
This paper discusses the lessons learned from the ongoing development of the mentioned reservoir and the way forward for the future development phases.