bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled oxygen therapy at emergency department presentation increases the likelihood of achieving target oxygen saturations in patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Chow Joanna Wai Yinn , Khullar Keshav , Katechia Kashyap , Klim Sharon , Kelly Anne‐Maree 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether initiation of controlled oxygen therapy at ED presentation increased the proportion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) achieving the COPD‐X guideline target SpO2 range (88–92%) at 30 min and if it impacted total hospital length of stay or in‐hospital mortality.MethodsRetrospective cohort study by medical record review of patients admitted to hospital with an exacerbation of COPD. The primary outcome of interest was the proportion of patients achieving the target SpO2 range at 30 min after ED arrival.ResultsThe proportion of patients with SpO2 in the target range at 30 min was higher in the controlled oxygen therapy group (32% vs 16%: difference between proportions 16% (95% CI 7–24%); number needed to treat 6) and less likely to be over‐oxygenated (SpO2 > 95%), 29% versus 54%, difference between proportions 25% (95% CI 14–35%); number needed to harm 4, without an increased likelihood of hypoxia. Length of stay was not different between the groups. Mortality for the controlled oxygen group was 2.7% (95% CI 1.3–5.5%) versus 5.8% for the uncontrolled oxygen group (95% CI 2.9–11.6%); however, this trend was not statistically significant.ConclusionPatients with exacerbations of COPD receiving controlled oxygen therapy were more likely to achieve SpO2 within the COPD‐X guideline target range without being more likely to be hypoxic. The proportion of patients with SpO2 within the target range was low, suggesting that further work on processes to optimise oxygenation in this group of patients is needed.
Expression and modulation of neuroligin and neurexin in the olfactory organ of the cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis
Authors: Durand Nicolas , Chertemps Thomas , Bozzolan Françoise , Maïbèche Martine 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCarboxylesterases are enzymes widely distributed within living organisms. In insects, they have been mainly involved in dietary metabolism and detoxification function. Interestingly, several members of this family called carboxylesterase‐like adhesion molecules (CLAMs) have lost their catalytic properties and are mainly involved in neuro/developmental functions. CLAMs include gliotactins, neurotactins, glutactins, and neuroligins. The latter have for binding partner the neurexin. In insects, the function of these proteins has been mainly studied in Drosophila central nervous system or neuromuscular junction. Some studies suggested a role of neuroligins and neurexin in sensory processing but CLAM expression within sensory systems has not been investigated. Here, we reported the identification of 5 putative CLAMs expressed in the olfactory system of the model pest insect Spodoptera littoralis. One neuroligin, Slnlg4‐yll and its putative binding partner neurexin SlnrxI were the most expressed in the antennae and were surprisingly associated with olfactory sensilla. In addition, both transcripts were upregulated in male antennae after mating, known to modulate the sensitivity of the peripheral olfactory system in S. littoralis, suggesting that these molecules could be involved in sensory plasticity.
Implication of metabolomic profiles to wide thermoneutral zone in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: SHI Yaolong , WANG Dehua 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) have evolved a wide thermoneutral zone (26.5–38.9 °C) and high upper critical temperature, and appear to have a high tolerance for heat exposure. Here, we use a metabolomic approach to measure global metabolite profiles for gerbils between lower (27 °C) and upper critical temperatures (38 °C) to investigate the role of metabolomic characterization in maintaining basal metabolic rates within a wide thermoneutral zone. We found that in serum and liver, 14 and 19 metabolites were significantly altered, respectively. In the aerobic respiration‐related tricarboxylic cycle (TCA), 5 intermediates (isocitric acid, cis‐aconitic acid, α‐ketoglutaric acid, fumaric acid and malic acid) were increased in serum in 38 °C animals; however, no such increase was found in the liver. A stable level of hepatic TCA cycle intermediates may be related to the steady state of aerobic respiration at 38 °C. Metabolomic results also revealed that acute heat exposure caused increased oxidative stress and low molecular weight antioxidants in Mongolian gerbils. Increased methionine and 2‐hydroxybutyrate suggest an accelerated synthesis of glutathione. Increased urate and its precursors, inosine and hypoxanthine, were detected at 38 °C. Glucuronate, threonate and oxalate involved in ascorbate synthesis and degradation were increased in serum at 38 °C. In conclusion, although dramatic metabolomic variation was found, a stable hepatic TCA cycle may contribute to maintaining a constant basal metabolic rate within a wide thermoneutral zone in Mongolian gerbils.
Does kinship affect spatial organization in a small and isolated population of a solitary felid: The Eurasian lynx?
Authors: SCHMIDT Krzysztof , DAVOLI Francesca , KOWALCZYK Rafał , RANDI Ettore 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSocial organization in wild carnivores is mostly determined by patterns of family bonds, which may shape the degree of relatedness among individuals in the population. We studied kinship in a small and isolated population of a solitary carnivore, the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) to evaluate its effect on spatial distribution of individuals. We investigated the relationship between spatial location and pair‐wise kinship among 28 lynx individuals identified in 2004–2011 by telemetry, non‐invasive sampling and genotyping with the use of 12 autosomal microsatellites in the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. The average relatedness of the lynx population was relatively low (Lynch and Ritland'sR= 0.03). Females were significantly more related to each other than males with other males. The inferred pedigree showed that the population was dominated by only 2 familial groups. We did not find significant correlations between the relatedness and the extent of home range overlap or the straight‐line distances between the home ranges’ central points. These results suggest that the dynamics of kinship in this solitary felid may not differ from the random mating processes described in social carnivores. Although the chances of random mating could be limited to a few resident males and females, the presence of unrelated floaters may provide a “breeding buffer” that may prevent an increase of relatedness and likely inbreeding in the population. This system is likely to fail in preserving genetic diversity in small, highly isolated populations; therefore, restoring habitat connectivity is crucial to ensure sufficient immigration from neighboring populations.
Ecology and local knowledge of the Baird's tapir (Tapirella bairdii) in the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: LAVARIEGA NOLASCO Mario César , BRIONES‐SALAS Miguel , MAZAS‐TEODOCIO Amado , DURÁN‐MEDINA Elvira 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAs well as being of global cultural importance (from local tribal folklore to being an iconic species for conservation), the tapir plays an important role in its ecosystem as a herbivore and seed disperser. However, the ecology and ethnozoology of the endangered Baird's tapir in the north of Oaxaca, Mexico is poorly understood. We used camera traps to estimate its relative abundance and density and to describe the activity patterns of the northernmost population of Baird's tapir in the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca. Local knowledge concerning the tapir was also documented, along with the conservation strategies undertaken by the 2 indigenous communities that own the land where the study site is located. Only adult tapirs were photographed, and these were active 14 h per day, but were mainly nocturnal and crepuscular. The estimated relative abundance (12.99 ± 2.24 events/1000 camera days) and density values (0.07–0.24 individuals/km2) were both similar to those found in another site in Mexico located within a protected area. Semi‐structured interviews revealed that people have a basic understanding of the eating habits, activity and main predators of the tapir. There were reports of hunting, although not among those respondents who regularly consume bush meat. Thus, the relative abundance and density estimates of tapir at the study site could be related to the favorable condition of the forest and the absence of hunting and consumption of tapir meat. Fortunately, the local people are conducting initiatives promoting the conservation of this ungulate and its habitat that combine to constitute a regional trend of habitat and wildlife protection.
Preventing species invasion: A role for integrative taxonomy?
Authors: MAZZAMUTO Maria V. , GALIMBERTI Andrea , CREMONESI Giacomo , PISANU Benoît , CHAPUIS Jean‐Louis , STUYCK Jan , AMORI Giovanni , SU Haijun , ALOISE Gaetano , PREATONI Damiano G. , WAUTERS Lucas A. , CASIRAGHI Maurizio , MARTINOLI Adriano 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntegrative taxonomy, a multi‐disciplinary approach adding modern techniques to traditional morphology‐based methods (e.g. molecular and morphological criteria), can play an important role in bioinvasion research to identify introduced taxa, discover pathways of introduction and inform authorities to control and prevent future introductions. The present study is the first on introduced populations ofCallosciurus, Asiatic tree squirrels, known as potentially invasive species in Europe (Italy, Belgium and France). We combined molecular (mitochondrial DNA markers:CoxI, D‐loop) and morphometric analysis on skulls, comparing them to the widest morphological and molecular datasets ever assembled forCallosciurus. Squirrels collected in Italy and Belgium share the same haplotypes and skull characteristics, but are conspicuously different from the French population in Antibes. Genetic data revealed close similarity between French squirrels and Pallas's squirrels,Callosciurus erythraeus, from Taiwan, China. Italian and Belgian squirrels formed an independent taxonomic lineage in genetic analyses, whose taxonomic rank needs further investigation. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of these 2 populations are, however, similar to known specimens assigned toCallosciurus erythraeus. These results may indicate a common origin for the populations found in Belgium and Italy. In contrast, French specimens suggest an independent introduction event of squirrels originating from Asia.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of an Array of Essential Oils Against Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Dunn Laurel L. , Davidson P. Michael , Critzer Faith J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe essential oils of clove bud, cinnamon bark and thyme, and their individual compounds including allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, eugenol, and thymol were initially assessed for antimicrobial activity against 9 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species. Carvacrol and thymol were the most inhibitory with MICs of 0.1% (v/v and w/v, respectively). Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamon bark oil, clove bud oil, eugenol, and thyme oil were moderately inhibitive (MICs = 0.2% v/v), while cinnamic acid required a concentration of 0.5% (w/v). AIT was not effective with MICs in excess of concentrations tested (0.75% v/v). The bactericidal capability of the oil components carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and thymol were further examined against Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Leuconostoc citrovorum. Thymol at 0.1% (w/v) was bactericidal against L. citrovorum (>4‐log reduction), but resulted in a 2‐log CFU/mL reduction against L. buchneri and P. acidilactici. Cinnamaldehyde at 0.2% to 0.25% (v/v) was effective against L. citrovorum, L. buchneri, and P. acidilactici, resulting in a >2‐log reduction. All 3 organisms were susceptible to 0.2% carvacrol with >3‐log reduction observed after exposure for 6 h. Eugenol was the least effective. Concentrations of 0.2% and 0.25% (v/v) were needed to achieve an initial reduction in population, >3‐log CFU/mL after 6 h exposure. However, at 0.2%, P. acidilactici and L. buchneri recovered to initial populations in 48 to 72 h. Results indicate essential oils have the capacity to inactivate LAB that are commonly associated with spoilage of shelf stable low‐acid foods.
Gelling Properties of Fish/Pork Mince Mixtures
Authors: Liu Ru , Zhao Siming , Regenstein Joe M , Liu Qing , Yang Hong , Xiong Shanbai 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe gel properties of silver carp/pork mince mixtures were investigated as well as the protein structural changes and interactions during gelling using rheology, SEM, and FT‐Raman spectroscopy. The breaking force values for gels containing 0% to 40% pork was significantly lower (P < 0.05) compared with gels containing 50% to 100% pork. Gels containing 70% to 100% pork had significantly higher (P < 0.05) breaking force values compared with gels containing 50% to 60% pork. Deformation values were more mixed. Dynamic rheological data suggested that mixing fish and pork at 3:7 could strengthen the gel network. The addition of 40% pork or above, significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the water retention of the gels compared with the 100% fish gels. The dimensional ordering of gels was also reduced by addition of pork. The reduced ordering was one of the reasons for the low water retention for fish/pork mixed gels. Raman spectral analysis confirmed that mixing fish and pork in 7:3 and 3:7 ratios could promote hydrophobic interactions such as bringing tyrosine residues into the intermolecular interface. The interactions in the 3:7 fish/pork mixed gels were favorable for forming a stronger gel. However, the interactions in the 7:3 fish/pork mixed gels were adverse. The water retention of gels was related to both molecular interactions and secondary structures of protein as well as the microstructure of the gels.
Does robotics improve minimally invasive rectal surgery? Functional and oncological implications
Authors: Guerra Francesco , Pesi Benedetta , Amore Bonapasta Stefano , Perna Federico , Di Marino Michele , Annecchiarico Mario , Coratti Andrea 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveRobot‐assisted surgery has been reported to be a safe and effective alternative to conventional laparoscopy for the treatment of rectal cancer in a minimally invasive manner. Nevertheless, substantial data concerning functional outcomes and long‐term oncological adequacy is still lacking. We aimed to assess the current role of robotics in rectal surgery focusing on patients' functional and oncological outcomes.MethodsA comprehensive review was conducted to search articles published in English up to 11 September 2015 concerning functional and/or oncological outcomes of patients who received robot‐assisted rectal surgery. All relevant papers were evaluated on functional implications such as postoperative sexual and urinary dysfunction and oncological outcomes.ResultsRobotics showed a general trend towards lower rates of sexual and urinary postoperative dysfunction and earlier recovery compared with laparoscopy. The rates of 3‐year local recurrence, disease‐free survival and overall survival of robotic‐assisted rectal surgery compared favourably with those of laparoscopy.ConclusionsThis study fails to provide solid evidence to draw definitive conclusions on whether robotic systems could be useful in ameliorating the outcomes of minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer. However, the available data suggest potential advantages over conventional laparoscopy with reference to functional outcomes.
Adverse events associated with ribavirin in sofosbuvir‐based therapies for patients with chronic hepatitis C: A community practice experience
Authors: Tong Myron John , Chang Patrick Weijen , Huynh Thatcher Thi , Rosinski Alexander Anthony , Tong Lori Terese 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveDue to high sustained virological response (SVR) rates, sofosbuvir‐based regimens are currently a mainstay for hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapies. The addition of pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) and ribavirin impacts patients' quality of life during treatment. This study aimed to compare severe adverse events (SAEs) amongst therapeutic combinations for HCV in a community clinic setting.MethodsFrom December 2013 to July 2014, 128 chronic HCV‐infected patients were treated with sofosbuvir, ribavirin and weekly PEG‐IFN for 12 weeks (cohort 1), 12 or 24 weeks of sofosbuvir and ribavirin (cohorts 2 and 3) or sofosbuvir plus simeprevir for 12 weeks (cohort 4). Adverse events were recorded from baseline to 12 or 24 weeks of treatment.ResultsSAEs appeared in 15.6–53.8% of ribavirin‐inclusive treated patients compared to 4.8% of the ribavirin‐free regimen. PEG‐IFN, sofosbuvir plus ribavirin had the highest frequencies of fatigue, headache and rash compared to either 12 or 24 weeks of ribavirin and sofosbuvir. However, sofosbuvir and ribavirin regimens led to significant increases in dyspnea, need for ribavirin dose reductions and withdrawal from treatment due to SAEs. Anemia was also more frequent in ribavirin‐inclusive combinations (P < 0.001). Conversely, sofosbuvir plus simeprevir reached similar SVR rates at week 12 post‐treatment compared to all ribavirin‐containing regimens, but with significantly fewer adverse events (P = 0.006). At week 12 post‐treatment, cirrhotic patients experienced a higher virological relapse rate than non‐cirrhotic patients (P = 0.019).ConclusionsRibavirin‐inclusive HCV therapies increased the frequencies of SAEs, had higher dropout rates and increased patient morbidity.
CT angiography of the aorta using 80 kVp in combination with sinogram‐affirmed iterative reconstruction and automated tube current modulation: Effects on image quality and radiation dose
Authors: Boos Johannes , Aissa Joel , Lanzman Rotem S , Heusch Philipp , Schimmöller Lars , Schleich Christoph , Thomas Christoph , Antoch Gerald , Kröpil Patric 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to evaluate image quality and radiation dose of a CT angiography (CTA) protocol using 80 kVp in combination with iterative reconstruction and automated tube current modulation.MethodsNinety‐five aortic CTA examinations were included in this study. A novel 80 kVp aortic CTA‐protocol with iterative reconstruction was introduced in our department in March 2012 for patients with a body mass index (BMI) below 32 kg/m2. The first 72 consecutive examinations were retrospectively assigned to group A (56 patients, 42 men, 14 women, mean age 69.6 ± 10.7years, BMI range 19.7–31.1 kg/m2). For comparison, the last 23 consecutive examinations performed with the old protocol (100 kVp) were assigned to group B (21 patients, 13 men, 8 women, mean age 67.4 ± 11.1years, BMI range 19.7–31.9 kg/m2). Thoracic and abdominal contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and aortic attenuation were assessed. Subjective image quality was rated on a 5‐point scale (1 = non diagnostic; 5 = excellent). Furthermore, dose length product (DLP) and volumetric computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) were analysed.ResultsAll examinations achieved diagnostic image quality. Attenuation of the aorta was significantly higher in group A compared with B (thoracic: 443.5 ± 90.5 Hounsfield units (HU) vs. 296.0 ± 61.0 HU; abdominal: 426.3 ± 94.2 HU vs. 283.6 ± 60.5 HU; P < 0.05, respectively). CNR, SNR and subjective image quality were comparable between both groups (CNR: 12.8 ± 3.7 vs. 13.0 ± 7.4; SNR 14.4 ± 3.9 vs. 14.9 ± 8.2; subjective image quality: 4.3 ± 0.6 vs. 4.5 ± 0.6; P > 0.05, respectively). CTDIvol and DLP were significantly lower in group A (1.9 ± 0.5 mGy; 139.2 ± 41.1 mGy × cm) as compared with group B (4.2 ± 1.4 mGy; 292.1 ± 91.5 mGy × cm; P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionLow‐dose CTA of the aorta using 80 kVp with iterative reconstruction enables a significant dose reduction of up to 50% compared with a 100 kVp protocol in patients with a BMI below 32 kg/m2 while diagnostic image quality is maintained.
Screen‐detected breast carcinoma with macroscopic dystrophic calcification: A pictorial essay with radiolological pathological correlation
Authors: Ebrahim Lamya , Dissanayake Deepthi , Metcalf Cecily , Wylie Elizabeth 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBreast calcifications are among the most common abnormal radiographic findings detected at screening mammography. This essay illustrates the clinico‐pathological features of nine screen‐detected breast carcinomas, which had benign‐appearing macrocalcifications, as a radiographically dominant presenting feature. We aimed to demonstrate that benign‐appearing calcifications within a breast lesion are not diagnostic of a benign process if the other imaging characteristics of the lesion are suspicious of malignancy.
Imaging of tarsal navicular stress injury with a focus on MRI: A pictorial essay
Authors: Harris Guy , Harris Craig 
Published: January 2016

SummaryPredominantly diagnosed in athletes, stress fracture of the tarsal navicular is becoming increasingly recognised by clinicians as a cause of midfoot pain. Delayed diagnosis can increase the significant morbidity associated with this condition. Consequently the role of MRI is increasing, given the potential to identify a stress reaction in the navicular prior to the development of a discrete stress fracture. It is necessary for radiologists to be familiar with the typical and atypical appearances of this important condition.
The impact of IFRS goodwill reporting on financial analysts' equity valuation judgements: some experimental evidence
Authors: Hellman Niclas , Andersson Patric , Fröberg Emelie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article uses an experiment to investigate how professional financial analysts evaluate a corporate acquisition announced by an IFRS preparer. The findings suggest that professional analysts are affected by preparers' acquisition premium allocations in a potentially misleading way as the participants considered the acquisition to be value‐enhancing when the premium was allocated to goodwill, but value‐reducing when allocated to identifiable intangible assets. These effects were mitigated at the aggregate level when additional discounted cash flow analysis information was provided; however, there were significant differences in information search behaviour as quite many participants focused primarily on the exploitation of earnings information.