bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The polarization of HD 189733
Authors: Bott Kimberly , Bailey Jeremy , Kedziora-Chudczer Lucyna , Cotton Daniel V. , Lucas P. W. , Marshall Jonathan P. , Hough J. H. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We present linear polarization observations of the exoplanet system HD 189733 made with the HIgh Precision Polarimetric Instrument (HIPPI) on the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT). The observations have higher precision than any previously reported for this object. They do not show the large amplitude polarization variations reported by Berdyugina et al. Our results are consistent with polarization data presented by Wiktorowicz et al. A formal least squares fit of a Rayleigh–Lambert model yields a polarization amplitude of 29.4 ± 15.6 parts per million. We observe a background constant level of polarization of ∼55–70 ppm, which is a little higher than expected for interstellar polarization at the distance of HD 189733.
Teacher Quality and Learning Outcomes in Kindergarten
*
Authors: Araujo M. Caridad , Carneiro Pedro , Cruz-Aguayo Yyannú , Schady Norbert 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We assigned two cohorts of kindergarten students, totaling more than 24,000 children, to teachers within schools with a rule that is as good as random. We collected data on children at the beginning of the school year and applied 12 tests of math, language, and executive function (EF) at the end of the year. All teachers were filmed teaching for a full day, and the videos were coded using the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (or CLASS). We find substantial classroom effects: A 1 standard deviation increase in classroom quality results in 0.11, 0.11, and 0.07 standard deviation higher test scores in language, math, and EF, respectively. Teacher behaviors, as measured by the CLASS, are associated with higher test scores. Parents recognize better teachers, but do not change their behaviors appreciably to take account of differences in teacher quality.
Spontaneous Effort During Mechanical Ventilation: Maximal Injury With Less Positive End-Expiratory Pressure*
Authors: Yoshida Takeshi , Roldan Rollin , Beraldo Marcelo A. , Torsani Vinicius , Gomes Susimeire , De Santis Roberta R. , Costa Eduardo L. V. , Tucci Mauro R. , Lima Raul G. , Kavanagh Brian P. , Amato Marcelo B. P. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives:
We recently described how spontaneous effort during mechanical ventilation can cause “pendelluft,” that is, displacement of gas from nondependent (more recruited) lung to dependent (less recruited) lung during early inspiration. Such transfer depends on the coexistence of more recruited (source) liquid-like lung regions together with less recruited (target) solid-like lung regions. Pendelluft may improve gas exchange, but because of tidal recruitment, it may also contribute to injury. We hypothesize that higher positive end-expiratory pressure levels decrease the propensity to pendelluft and that with lower positive end-expiratory pressure levels, pendelluft is associated with improved gas exchange but increased tidal recruitment.

Design:
Crossover design.

Setting:
University animal research laboratory.

Subjects:
Anesthetized landrace pigs.

Interventions:
Surfactant depletion was achieved by saline lavage in anesthetized pigs, and ventilator-induced lung injury was produced by ventilation with high tidal volume and low positive end-expiratory pressure. Ventilation was continued in each of four conditions: positive end-expiratory pressure (low or optimized positive end-expiratory pressure after recruitment) and spontaneous breathing (present or absent). Tidal recruitment was assessed using dynamic CT and regional ventilation/perfusion using electric impedance tomography. Esophageal pressure was measured using an esophageal balloon manometer.

Measurements and Results:
Among the four conditions, spontaneous breathing at low positive end-expiratory pressure not only caused the largest degree of pendelluft, which was associated with improved ventilation/perfusion matching and oxygenation, but also generated the greatest tidal recruitment. At low positive end-expiratory pressure, paralysis worsened oxygenation but reduced tidal recruitment. Optimized positive end-expiratory pressure decreased the magnitude of spontaneous efforts (measured by esophageal pressure) despite using less sedation, from –5.6 ± 1.3 to –2.0 ± 0.7 cm H2O, while concomitantly reducing pendelluft and tidal recruitment. No pendelluft was observed in the absence of spontaneous effort.

Conclusions:
Spontaneous effort at low positive end-expiratory pressure improved oxygenation but promoted tidal recruitment associated with pendelluft. Optimized positive end-expiratory pressure (set after lung recruitment) may reverse the harmful effects of spontaneous breathing by reducing inspiratory effort, pendelluft, and tidal recruitment.
Unpeeling the Evidence for the Banana Bag: Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Management of Alcohol-Associated Vitamin and Electrolyte Deficiencies in the ICU
Authors: Flannery Alexander H. , Adkins David A. , Cook Aaron M. 
Published: March 2016

Objective:
Patients with a chronic alcohol use disorder presenting to the ICU may be deficient in important vitamins and electrolytes and are often prescribed a “banana bag” as a reflexive standard of therapy. The difficulty of diagnosing Wernicke’s encephalopathy in the critical care setting is reviewed. Furthermore, whether the contents and doses of micronutrients and electrolytes in standard banana bags meet the needs of critically ill patients with an alcohol use disorder is assessed based on available evidence.

Data Source:
MEDLINE/PubMed (1966 to June 2015) database search, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and manual selection of bibliographies from selected articles.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:
Articles relevant to Wernicke’s encephalopathy, vitamin and electrolyte deficiencies in patients with alcohol use disorders, and alcoholic ketoacidosis were selected. Articles were narratively synthesized for this review.

Data Synthesis:
Of these deficiencies, thiamine is the most important for the practicing clinician to assess and prescribe replacement in a timely manner. Based on a pharmacokinetic assessment of thiamine, the banana bag approach likely fails to optimize delivery of thiamine to the central nervous system. Folic acid and magnesium may also merit supplementation although the available data do not allow for as strong a recommendation as for prescribing thiamine in this setting. There is no available evidence supporting the prescription of a multivitamin.

Conclusions:
Based on the published literature, for patients with a chronic alcohol use disorder admitted to the ICU with symptoms that may mimic or mask Wernicke’s encephalopathy, we suggest abandoning the banana bag and utilizing the following formula for routine supplementation during the first day of admission: 200–500 mg IV thiamine every 8 hours, 64 mg/kg magnesium sulfate (approximately 4–5 g for most adult patients), and 400–1,000 μg IV folate. If alcoholic ketoacidosis is suspected, dextrose-containing fluids are recommended over normal saline.
Does Antiarrhythmic Drug During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Improve the One-month Survival: The SOS-KANTO 2012 Study
Authors: Amino Mari , Inokuchi Sadaki , Yoshioka Koichiro , Nakagawa Yoshihide , Ikari Yuji , Funakoshi Hiraku , Hayakawa Katsura , Matsuzaki Masakazu , Sakurai Atsushi , Tahara Yoshio , Yonemoto Naohiro , Nagao Ken , Yaguchi Arino , Morimura Naoto ,   SOS-KANTO 2012 study group
Published: March 2016

Background:
Antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) are often used for fatal ventricular arrhythmias during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, the efficacy of initial AAD administration during CPR in improving long-term prognosis remains unknown. This study retrospectively evaluated the effect of AAD administration during CPR on 1-month prognosis in the SOS-KANTO 2012 study population.

Methods and Results:
Of the 16,164 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases, 1350 shock-refractory patients were included: 747 patients not administered AAD and 603 patients administered AAD. Statistical adjustment for potential selection bias was performed using propensity score matching, yielding 1162 patients of whom 792 patients were matched (396 pairs). The primary outcome was 1-month survival. The secondary outcome was the proportion of patients with favorable neurological outcome at 1 month. Logistic regression with propensity scoring demonstrated an odds ratio (OR) for 1-month survival in the AAD group of 1.92 (P < 0.01), whereas the OR for favorable neurological outcome at 1 month was 1.44 (P = 0.26).

Conclusions:
Significantly greater 1-month survival was observed in the AAD group compared with the non-AAD group. However, the effect of ADD on the likelihood of a favorable neurological outcome remains unclear. The findings of the present study may indicate a requirement for future randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of ADD administration during CPR on long-term prognosis.
Long-term follow-up after LeFort colpocleisis: patient satisfaction, regret rate, and pelvic symptoms
Authors: Song Xiaochen , Zhu Lan , Ding Jing , Xu Tao , Lang Jinghe 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate long-term patient satisfaction, regret rate, and pelvic symptoms in older women who underwent LeFort colpocleisis.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study of women who underwent LeFort colpocleisis at least 3 years before was conducted. Records were reviewed for participant characteristics, comorbid conditions, and complications. The Patient Global Impression of Change (PGI-C) questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory—short form 20 (PFDI-20) were used to evaluate self-perceived quality of life. Regret was assessed by one additional question: “Do you regret choosing to have vaginal closure surgery for prolapse (Yes/No)?”

Results:
LeFort colpocleisis accounted for 7.3% (42/572) of all the prolapse surgeries. Thirty-five of the women (83.3%) who responded were considered for statistical evaluation. Twenty-nine (82.9%) had at least one comorbid condition. After a median 5-year (range 3-7) follow-up period, no woman had experienced prolapse recurrence requiring a second surgery. No woman regretted having had the surgery. The satisfaction rate was 94.3%, with postoperative overactive bladder syndrome accounting for one “neither satisfied nor dissatisfied” woman and vaginal hematoma for another. Pelvic symptoms improved significantly from baseline (PFDI-20, preoperative 60.5 ± 29.5) to postoperative (14.1 ± 20.0, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
After long-term follow-up, LeFort colpocleisis still had a high satisfaction rate, a low regret rate, and a positive impact on pelvic symptoms.
An Analysis of the Clinical, Endoscopic, and Pathologic Features of Intestinal Tuberculosis
Authors: Gan Hongying , Mely Mely , Zhao Jinfang , Zhu Liangru 
Published: March 2016

Goals:
The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical, endoscopic, and pathologic features of intestinal tuberculosis (TB).

Background:
The prevalence of intestinal TB has been increasing in China.

Study:
The clinical, imaging and laboratory examination, endoscopic, and pathologic data of 81 cases of intestinal TB patients were retrospectively analyzed.

Results:
There were 48 male and 33 female cases whose age ranged from 17 to 76 years (mean, 32.4±1.6 y). Fifty-five cases were diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy, and 26 cases by postoperative pathologic examination. The common symptoms were chronic right lower abdominal and periumbilical pain (87.7%), weight loss (80.2%), anemia (64.2%), diarrhea (46.9%), fever (43.2%), diarrhea alternating with constipation (38.3%), and night sweats (30.9%). Purified protein derivative test (51.9%), TB antibody (34.6%), and TB protein chip (40.7%) had lower sensitivity. T-spot test sensitivity was 86.4%. Endoscopic types included ulcerative (52.7%), ulcero-proliferative (27.3%), and proliferative (20.0%) with mucosal hyperemia and edema (87.2%), mucosal erosion (76.4%), patulous ileocecal valve (65.5%), polypoid hyperplasia (58.2%), annular ulcer (52.7%), nodular hyperplasia (45.5%), and luminal stenosis (29.1%). Histopathologic findings were chronic mucosal inflammation (87.3%), ulceration (74.5%), lymphocytic aggregation (69.1%), and granulomatous fusion (58.2%). The presence of caseating granulomas (74.5%) and necrosis (25.5%) was helpful, but not common.

Conclusions:
The clinical symptoms of intestinal TB are nonspecific. The most common anatomic locations for intestinal TB are the ileocecal valve and cecum. The T-spot test has high sensitivity, and it can be used to support the diagnosis of intestinal TB. The typical endoscopic features are circumscribed intestinal ulcers, and histopathologic findings of biopsy specimens can be also useful in making the diagnosis.
Intestinal, Systemic, and Oral Gluten-related Alterations in Patients With Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity
Authors: Picarelli Antonio , Borghini Raffaele , Di Tola Marco , Marino Mariacatia , Urciuoli Caterina , Isonne Claudia , Puzzono Marta , Porowska Barbara , Rumi Gabriele , Lonardi Silvia , Salemme Marianna , Tiberti Antonio , Rizzo Carmelo , Donato Giuseppe , Villanacci Vincenzo 
Published: March 2016

Background:
Nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is an emergent condition, the framework of which is yet unclear, whereas the diagnosis is suggested only by gluten-dependent symptoms after excluding wheat allergy and celiac disease (CD). Our goal was to highlight intestinal, systemic, and oral alterations to clarify the NCGS pathogenesis and identify new diagnostic tools.

Study:
A total of 60 NCGS patients, 20 untreated CD, 20 treated CD, and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited. The differential diagnosis among gluten-related disorders was performed by serological, allergy, and histologic tools. NCGS patients were also subjected to antigliadin antibody (AGA) detection and HLA typing. All participants underwent an oral mucosa patch test for gluten (GOMPT), whereas an oral provocation test (OPT) for gluten was performed in 26 NCGS patients.

Results:
About 6/60 (10%) NCGS patients showed IgG AGA-positive results, whereas 45/60 (75%) patients carried HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 genes. GOMPT showed positive results in 45/60 (75%) NCGS patients, 3/20 (15%) untreated CD patients, 5/20 (25%) treated CD patients, and in no healthy volunteers. No significant difference was found between the severity of symptoms reported by NCGS patients subjected to OPT with gluten-containing croissants and those who underwent OPT with gluten-free croissants.

Conclusions:
GOMPT seems to be a specific tool for NCGS diagnosis, although further investigations are needed to overcome limits due to the small population studied and to contextualize GOMPT false-positive results.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in refractory hydrothorax – a contribution to an unexplored indication
Authors: Campos Sara , Gomes Dário , Sofia Carlos 
Published: March 2016

Background and aims
Hepatic hydrothorax is a rare complication of portal hypertension, but may be potentially severe. Although conservative therapy may be effective, it is not without risk and refractory cases are not rare. The portal decompression achieved by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) has shown positive results in the treatment of refractory ascites, and in that sense, the analysis of their value in other complications of portal hypertension becomes relevant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TIPS in patients with refractory hydrothorax.

Methods
This was a retrospective study including patients with refractory hydrothorax undergoing TIPS in a tertiary hospital in the period between 2000 and 2014, and evaluated the following: demographic characteristics, liver disease, and outcomes (efficacy and safety, including complications after TIPS, liver transplantation, 30-day, and 1-year mortality).

Results
Nineteen patients with hydrothorax underwent TIPS; most had previously undergone multiple thoracocentesis and all had hypoalbuminemia. In all, 57.9% of the patients were men, with a mean age 63±9 years, and 84.2% had cirrhosis of alcoholic etiology and a mean Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-16, Child–Pugh B in 42.1%/Child–Pugh C in 47.4%. TIPS was effective in 73.3% of the cases. Portosystemic encephalopathy was recorded in 66.6% of the cases. Mortality was 25% at 30 days and 42.8% at 1 year with septic complications or progression of liver disease. Two patients underwent liver transplantation. The mean follow-up duration was 704 days (3–3485 days).

Conclusion
TIPS appears to be a relatively efficient method to control hydrothorax, making it a valid option in refractory cases despite the high risk of portosystemic encephalopathy and mortality.
Insulin resistance is associated with esophageal varices in alcoholic liver disease patients
Authors: Degré Delphine , Gustot Thierry , Gerkens Ariane , Boon Nathalie , Schreiber Jonas , Lepida Antonia , Sersté Thomas , Deltenre Pierre , Devière Jacques , Trépo Eric , Moreno Christophe 
Published: March 2016

Background and aim
Insulin resistance plays an important role in chronic liver disease, where it has been associated with the progression of fibrosis and correlated with portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients with mixed etiology. However, the impact of insulin resistance in alcoholic liver disease remains mostly unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between insulin resistance, portal hypertension, severity of liver disease, and mortality in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.

Patients and methods
A total of 106 consecutive alcoholic cirrhotic patients undergoing hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement at Erasme Hospital were included. Insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment-2 index.

Results
The median model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was 15 (9–21) and the mean hepatic venous pressure gradient was16.3±6 mmHg. Twenty-six percent of the patients had compensated cirrhosis. Insulin resistance was significantly associated with portal hypertension in compensated cirrhotic patients and with the presence of esophageal varices, but was not associated with the MELD score and mortality. MELD score was the only independent covariate associated with mortality at 6 (P<0.001) and 12 months (P<0.001).

Conclusion
Insulin resistance is associated with the presence of esophageal varices, suggesting that the presence of insulin resistance could be harmful to alcoholic liver disease patients.
Mutation in Actin γ‐2 Responsible for Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome in 4 Chinese Patients
Authors: Lu Wei , Xiao Yongtao , Huang Jianhu , Tao Yijing , Yan Weihui , Lu Lina , Cao Yi , Cai Wei 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to identify the underlying molecular mechanism for the development of megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome in 4 Chinese patients. We found a c.770G>A (p.R257H) mutation in 3 patients, and a c.769C>T (p.R257C) mutation in the fourth patient by using whole‐exome sequencing and targeted Sanger sequencing. The immunohistochemical investigation and transmission electron microscopy revealed an apparent defect of the intestinal smooth muscle, and hypoganglionosis. Our report suggested that R257 variant in the ACTG2 appear to be more frequent in populations of Asian ancestry; mutation of this locus could cause alterations of the intestinal and bladder smooth muscle filaments.
Milk Flow Rates from bottle nipples used after hospital discharge
Authors: Pados Britt Frisk , Park Jinhee , Thoyre Suzanne M. , Estrem Hayley , Nix W. Brant 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
To test the milk flow rates and variability in flow rates of bottle nipples used after hospital discharge.

Study Design and Methods:
Twenty-six nipple types that represented 15 common brands as well as variety in price per nipple and store location sold (e.g., Babies R' Us, Walmart, Dollar Store) were chosen for testing. Ten of each nipple type (n = 260 total) were tested by measuring the amount of infant formula expressed in 1 minute using a breast pump. Mean milk flow rate (mL/min) and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated. Flow rates of nipples within brand were compared statistically.

Results:
Milk flow rates varied from 1.68 mL/min for the Avent Natural Newborn Flow to 85.34 mL/min for the Dr. Brown's Standard Y-cut. Variability between nipple types also varied widely, from .03 for the Dr. Brown's Standard Level 3 to .37 for MAM Nipple 1 Slow Flow.

Clinical Implications:
The extreme range of milk flow rates found may be significant for medically fragile infants being discharged home who are continuing to develop oral feeding skills. The name of the nipple does not provide clear information about the flow rate to guide parents in decision making. Variability in flow rates within nipples of the same type may complicate oral feeding for the medically fragile infant who may not be able to adapt easily to change in flow rates. Both flow rate and variability should be considered when guiding parents to a nipple choice.
Communication Predicts Medication Self-Efficacy in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Carpenter Delesha M. , Blalock Susan J. , Sayner Robyn , Muir Kelly W. , Robin Alan L. , Hartnett Mary Elizabeth , Giangiacomo Annette L. , Tudor Gail E. , Sleath Betsy L. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Medication self-efficacy, or patients’ confidence that they can perform medication-related behaviors, is associated with better glaucoma medication adherence. Little is known about how to enhance glaucoma patients’ medication self-efficacy. Our purpose is to examine whether patient-provider communication increases glaucoma patients’ medication self-efficacy.

Methods
During an 8-month cohort study of 279 glaucoma patients and 15 providers, two office visits were videotape-recorded, transcribed, and coded for six patient-provider communication behaviors. A validated scale was used at baseline and 8-month follow-up to assess patients’ confidence in overcoming adherence barriers (adherence barriers self-efficacy) and carrying out tasks to use eye drops correctly (eye drop task self-efficacy). We ran two generalized estimating equations to examine whether more frequent patient-provider communication during office visits predicted increased patient adherence barriers self-efficacy and eye drop task self-efficacy at 8-month follow-up.

Results
For each additional topic providers educated about, patients reported an average increase of 0.35 in self-efficacy in overcoming adherence barriers (p < 0.001). Patients also reported an average increase of 1.01 points in eye drop task self-efficacy when providers asked about patients’ views of glaucoma and its treatment versus not (p < 0.001). Patients who asked more medication questions (p < 0.001) and African-American patients (p < 0.05) reported lower adherence barriers self-efficacy by 0.30 and 2.15 points, respectively. Women had a 0.63 lower eye drop task self-efficacy than men (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
When providers educate glaucoma patients and assess patient views about glaucoma and its treatment, patients report higher medication self-efficacy. Providers should be aware that patients who ask more medication questions may have less confidence in their ability to overcome barriers to adherence.