bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pore-Scale Joint Evaluation of Dielectric Permittivity and Electrical Resistivity for Assessment of Hydrocarbon Saturation Using Numerical Simulations
Authors: Chen Huangye , Heidari Zoya 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Complex pore geometry and composition, as well as anisotropic behavior and heterogeneity, can affect physical properties of rocks such as electrical resistivity and dielectric permittivity. The aforementioned physical properties are used to estimate in-situ petrophysical properties of the formation such as hydrocarbon saturation. In the application of conventional methods for interpretation of electrical-resistivity (e.g., Archie's equation and the dual-water model) and dielectric-permittivity measurements [e.g., complex refractive index model (CRIM)], the impacts of complex pore structure (e.g., kerogen porosity and intergranular pores), pyrite, and conductive mature kerogen have not been taken into account. These limitations cause significant uncertainty in estimates of water saturation. In this paper, we introduce a new method that combines interpretation of dielectric-permittivity and electrical-resistivity measurements to improve assessment of hydrocarbon saturation. The combined interpretation of dielectric-permittivity and electrical-resistivity measurements enables assimilating spatial distribution of rock components (e.g., pore, kerogen, and pyrite networks) in conventional models.
We start with pore-scale numerical simulations of electrical resistivity and dielectric permittivity of fluid-bearing porous media to investigate the structure of pore and matrix constituents in these measurements. The inputs to these simulators are 3D pore-scale images. We then introduce an analytical model that combines resistivity and permittivity measurements to assess water-filled porosity and hydrocarbon saturation. We apply the new method to actual digital sandstones and synthetic digital organic-rich mudrock samples. The relative errors (compared with actual values estimated from image processing) in the estimate of water-filled porosity through our new method are all within the 10% range. In the case of digital sandstone samples, CRIM provided reasonable estimates of water-filled porosity, with only four out of twenty-one estimates beyond 10% relative error, with the maximum error of 30%. However, in the case of synthetic digital organic-rich mudrocks, six out of ten estimates for water-filled porosity were beyond 10% with CRIM, with the maximum error of 40%. Therefore, the improvement was more significant in the case of organic-rich mudrocks with complex pore structure. In the case of synthetic digital organic-rich mudrock samples, our simulation results confirm that not only the pore structure but also spatial distribution and tortuosity of water, kerogen, and pyrite networks affect the measurements of dielectric permittivity and electrical resistivity. Taking into account these parameters through the joint interpretation of dielectric-permittivity and electrical-resistivity measurements significantly improves assessment of hydrocarbon saturation.
Association Analysis of the Cubilin (CUBN) and Megalin (LRP2) Genes with ESRD in African Americans
Authors: Ma Jun , Guan Meijian , Bowden Donald W. , Ng Maggie C.Y. , Hicks Pamela J. , Lea Janice P. , Ma Lijun , Gao Chuan , Palmer Nicholette D. , Freedman Barry I. 
Published: May 2016

Background and objectives
Genetic variation in the cubilin (CUBN) gene is associated with albuminuria and CKD. Common and rare coding variants in CUBN and the gene encoding its transport partner megalin (LRP2) were assessed for association with ESRD in blacks.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Sixty-six CUBN and LRP2 single–nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected and analyzed in this multistage study. Exome sequencing data from 529 blacks with type 2 diabetes (T2D) –associated ESRD and 535 controls lacking T2D or nephropathy (the Type 2 Diabetes Genes [T2D-GENES] Consortium) were first evaluated, focusing on coding variants in CUBN and LRP2; 15 potentially associated SNPs identified from the T2D-GENES Consortium as well as 51 other selected SNPs were then assessed in an independent T2D-ESRD sample set of blacks (the Affymetrix Axiom Biobank Genotyping Array [AXIOM]; 2041 patients with T2D-ESRD, 627 patients with T2D without nephropathy, and 1140 nondiabetic, non–nephropathy controls). A meta-analysis combining the T2D-GENES Consortium and the AXIOM data was performed for 18 overlapping SNPs. Additionally, all 66 SNPs were genotyped in the Wake Forest School of Medicine samples of blacks with nondiabetic ESRD (885 patients with nondiabetic ESRD and 721 controls). Association testing with ESRD was performed in models including age, sex, African ancestry proportion, and apolipoprotein L1 gene renal-risk variants.

Results

CUBN SNP rs1801239 (I2984V), previously associated with albuminuria, was significantly associated with T2D-ESRD in blacks (the T2D-GENES Consortium and the AXIOM meta-analysis, P=0.03; odds ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.67; minor allele frequency =0.028). A novel LRP2 missense variant, rs17848169 (N2632D), was also significantly protective from T2D-ESRD (the T2D-GENES Consortium and the AXIOM, P<0.002; odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.29 to 0.75; meta–analysis minor allele frequency =0.007). Neither SNP was associated with T2D when contrasting patients with T2D with controls lacking diabetes. CUBN and LRP2 SNPs were not associated with nondiabetic etiologies of ESRD.

Conclusions
Evidence for genetic association exists between a cubilin and a rare megalin variant with diabetes-associated ESRD in populations with recent African ancestry.
A NEW MODEL FOR MIXING BY DOUBLE-DIFFUSIVE CONVECTION (SEMI-CONVECTION). III. THERMAL AND COMPOSITIONAL TRANSPORT THROUGH NON-LAYERED ODDC
Authors: Moll Ryan , Garaud Pascale , Stellmach Stephan 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Oscillatory double-diffusive convection (ODDC; also known as semi-convection) refers to a type of double-diffusive instability that occurs in regions of planetary and stellar interiors that have a destabilizing thermal stratification and a stabilizing mean molecular weight stratification. In this series of papers, we use an extensive suite of three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations to quantify the transport of heat and chemical species by ODDC. Rosenblum et al. first showed that ODDC can either spontaneously form layers that significantly enhance the transport of heat and chemical species compared to microscopic transport or remain in a state dominated by large-scale gravity waves, in which there is a more modest enhancement of the turbulent transport rates. Subsequent studies in this series focused on identifying under what conditions layers form and quantifying transport through layered systems. Here we proceed to characterize transport through systems that are unstable to ODDC, but do not undergo spontaneous layer formation. We measure the thermal and compositional fluxes in non-layered ODDC from both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D numerical simulations, and show that 3D simulations are well approximated by similar simulations in a 2D domain. We find that the turbulent mixing rate in this regime is weak and can, to a first-level approximation, be neglected. We conclude by summarizing the findings of papers I through III into a single prescription for transport systems unstable to ODDC.
GLOBAL SAUSAGE OSCILLATION OF SOLAR FLARE LOOPS DETECTED BY THE INTERFACE REGION IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH
Authors: Tian Hui , Young Peter R. , Reeves Katharine K. , Wang Tongjiang , Antolin Patrick , Chen Bin , He Jiansen 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
An observation from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph reveals coherent oscillations in the loops of an M1.6 flare on 2015 March 12. Both the intensity and Doppler shift of Fe xxi 1354.08 Å show clear oscillations with a period of ∼25 s. Remarkably similar oscillations were also detected in the soft X-ray flux recorded by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). With an estimated phase speed of ∼2420 km s−1 and a derived electron density of at least 5.4 × 1010 cm−3, the observed short-period oscillation is most likely the global fast sausage mode of a hot flare loop. We find a phase shift of ∼π/2 (1/4 period) between the Doppler shift oscillation and the intensity/GOES oscillations, which is consistent with a recent forward modeling study of the sausage mode. The observed oscillation requires a density contrast between the flare loop and coronal background of a factor ≥42. The estimated phase speed of the global mode provides a lower limit of the Alfvén speed outside the flare loop. We also find an increase of the oscillation period, which might be caused by the separation of the loop footpoints with time.
EVIDENCE FOR A CO DESORPTION FRONT IN THE OUTER AS 209 DISK
Authors: Huang Jane , Öberg Karin I. , Andrews Sean M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Millimeter observations of CO isotopologues are often used to make inferences about protoplanetary disk gas density and temperature structures. The accuracy of these estimates depends on our understanding of CO freezeout and desorption from dust grains. Most models of these processes indicate that CO column density decreases monotonically with distance from the central star due to a decrease in gas density and freezeout beyond the CO snowline. We present ALMA Cycle 2 observations of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O

J
=
2
−
1

emission that instead suggest CO enhancement in the outer disk of T Tauri star AS 209. Most notably, the C18O emission consists of a central peak and a ring at a radius of

∼
1
′
′

(120 au), well outside the expected CO snowline. We propose that the ring arises from the onset of CO desorption near the edge of the millimeter dust disk. CO desorption exterior to a CO snowline may occur via non-thermal processes involving cosmic rays or high-energy photons, or via a radial thermal inversion arising from dust migration.
OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETIC FLUX-ROPE OSCILLATION DURING THE PRECURSOR PHASE OF A SOLAR ERUPTION
Authors: Zhou G. P. , Zhang J. , Wang J. X. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Based on combined observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) spectrometer with the coronal emission line of Fe xxi at 1354.08 Å and SDO/AIA images in multiple passbands, we report the finding of the precursor activity manifested as the transverse oscillation of a sigmoid, which is likely a pre-existing magnetic flux rope (MFR), that led to the onset of an X class flare and a fast halo coronal mass ejection (CME) on 2014 September 10. The IRIS slit is situated at a fixed position that is almost vertical to the main axis of the sigmoid structure that has a length of about 1.8 × 105 km. This precursor oscillation lasts for about 13 minutes in the MFR and has velocities in the range of [−9, 11] km s−1 and a period of ∼280 s. Our analysis, which is based on the temperature, density, length, and magnetic field strength of the observed sigmoid, indicates that the nature of the oscillation is a standing wave of fast magnetoacoustic kink mode. We further find that the precursor oscillation is excited by the energy released through an external magnetic reconnection between the unstable MFR and the ambient magnetic field. It is proposed that this precursor activity leads to the dynamic formation of a current sheet underneath the MFR that subsequently reconnects to trigger the onset of the main phase of the flare and the CME.
Can I sit?
Authors: Smiley CalvinJohn 
Published: May 2016

Can I sit? The use of public space and the ‘other’
Newark Penn Station is the most frequented train station in New Jersey, United States. Two distinct groups occupy this public space. First are the commuters who travel by the trains to reach destinations for work or pleasure. Second are the transient who do not use the trains but instead remain in and around the station for various reasons, otherwise known as the ‘other.’ The latter population is closely monitored and controlled by law enforcement through a variety of written and unwritten laws and codes of conduct, which are based on broken windows theory and crime prevention through environment design (CPTED). The primary focus is how the ‘other’ seemingly navigates and occupies public space. Through ethnographic research, this paper reflects and reveals the ways in which the station is a living social organism that simultaneously marginalizes and incorporates those defined as the ‘other’ into this space. This complex and contradictory dynamic illustrates the interactions between public spaces and its occupiers and regulators.
Herman Bianchi
Authors: van Swaaningen René 
Published: May 2016

Herman Bianchi: On criminology, emotions and incongruities
Herman Bianchi, who passed away on the 30th of December 2015, has been a true ‘significant other’ for cultural criminologists. This article is a ‘criminological Verstehen’ of Bianchi’s work. His general attitude towards criminology is characterised by a mix of academic analysis, emotional outrage and incongruities. In order to understand this, his contributions to criminology are linked to biographical notes and to the mixed reactions he got on his work. Bianchi played an important role in the establishment of criminology as an autonomous academic discipline, yet he was very critical of this ‘discipline of shame’ because it has always served the exclusion of the most vulnerable members of society. He has been one of the frontmen of critical criminology, but he was not a Marxist. His concern for the despised other is related to his eternal fear, as a gay man in a ‘closet with a revolving door’, of new waves of discrimination against gays, and his rigorous abolitionism to his experience as a prisoner in a Nazi-concentration camp in 1944. Bianchi’s historical interest led him at the end of his career in the 1980s to support the emergence of strong historical criminology, but his utilitarian use of historical studies, also resulted in some clashes with professional historians.
Real -Time Generator of AIS/ARPA/GPS Data
Authors: Kaczmarek Sylwester , Sac Maciej 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The paper presents a real-time generator of AIS/ARPA/GPS position data in the standardized NMEA 0183 text format. Position data are produced by a set of various types of ships simulated on the Polish part of the Baltic Sea and are generated on defined IP/UDP addresses and RS-232 ports. In the simulation an extensive set of input parameters is taken into account including the number of particular types of ships, their dimensions, speed as well as parameters of AIS equipments, ARPA radars and GPS receivers. The paper describes the architecture and implementation of the generator. Additionally, it demonstrates the application of the developed generator to test the software developed for the Polish Border Guard.
Postoperative Speech Outcomes and Complications in Submucous Cleft Palate Patients
Authors: Park Tae Seo , Bae Yong Chan , Nam Su Bong , Kang Kyung Dong , Sung Ji Yoon 
Published: May 2016

Background The postoperative speech outcomes of submucous cleft palate (SMCP) surgery are known to be poorer than those of other types of cleft palate. We attempted to objectively characterize the postoperative complications and speech outcomes of the surgical treatment of SMCP through a comparison with the outcomes of incomplete cleft palate (ICP).
Methods This study included 53 SMCP patients and 285 ICP patients who underwent surgical repair from 1998 to 2015. The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 3.9±1.9 years for the SMCP patients and 1.3±0.9 years for the ICP patients. A retrospective analysis was performed of the complications, the frequency of subsequent surgical correction for velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD), and speech outcomes.
Results In both the SMCP and ICP patients, no cases of respiratory difficulty, bleeding, or wound disruption were noted. Delayed wound healing and fistula occurred in 18.9% and 5.7% of the SMCP patients and in 14% and 3.2% of the ICP patients, respectively. However, no statistically significant difference in either delayed wound healing or fistula occurrence was observed between the two groups. The rate of surgical correction for VPD in the SMCP group was higher than in the ICP group. In the subset of 26 SMCP patients and 62 ICP patients who underwent speech evaluation, the median speech score value was 58.8 in the SMCP group and 66 in the ICP group, which was a statistically significant difference.
Conclusions SMCP and ICP were found to have similar complication rates, but SMCP had significantly worse speech outcomes.
Management of the Sequelae of Severe Congenital Abdominal Wall Defects
Authors: Fuentes Sara , Marti Eunate , Delgado Maria-Dolores , Gomez Andres 
Published: May 2016

Background The survival rate of newborns with severe congenital abdominal wall defects has increased. After successfully addressing life-threatening complications, it is necessary to focus on the cosmetic and functional outcomes of the abdominal wall.
Methods We performed a chart review of five cases treated in our institution.
Results Five patients, ranging from seven to 18 years of age, underwent the following surgical approaches: simple approximation of the rectus abdominis fascia, the rectus abdominis sheath turnover flap, the placement of submuscular tissue expanders, mesh repair, or a combination of these techniques depending on the characteristics of each individual case.
Conclusions Patients with severe congenital abdominal wall defects require individualized surgical treatment to address both the aesthetic and functional issues related to the sequelae of their defects.
Enhancing the quality of transferred single-layer graphene with poly(4-vinylphenol) interlayer on flexible substrates
Authors: Choi Yeonhoi , Chun Sungwoo , Hong Ahyoung , Ha Chunho , Park Wanjun 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We report the use of poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) as a promising contact surface of transferred graphene, capable of sustaining the original performance found in as-grown graphene. Enhancement of surface tension obtained by O2 plasma treatment of the PVP surface also increases transferred graphene quality. With an easy coating method, PVP can be applied to any flexible substrate as the interlayer to increase transferred graphene quality. Owing to the mechanical flexibility and chemical inertness of PVP, the introduction of a PVP interlayer provides a general method for graphene soft electronics to be integrated into any flexible substrate.
Expansion of denitrification and anoxia in the eastern tropical North Pacific from 1972 to 2012
Authors: Horak Rachel E. A. , Ruef Wendi , Ward Bess B. , Devol Allan H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe eastern tropical North Pacific (ETNP) is a large region of anoxic water that hosts widespread water column N loss (denitrification). There is some disagreement about the long‐term trends of denitrification and anoxia and long‐term studies of water column denitrification within the anoxic zone are lacking. In this study, we compared ETNP water column nitrite, N*, and O2 data along the same transect for four studies ranging from 1972 to 2012. Anoxic water volume increased, and low‐oxygen conditions expanded into shallower isopycnals from 1972 to 2012. A geochemical marker for cumulative N loss indicates that denitrification was highest in 2012 and the upper oxygen‐deficient zone (ODZ) experienced the most change. Oxygen and N loss changes in the world's largest ODZ for 2012 could not be explained by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and decreased O2 in supply currents and increased wind‐driven upwelling are likely mechanisms contributing to increased N loss and anoxia.
Revisiting trough interactions and tropical cyclone intensity change
Authors: Peirano C. M. , Corbosiero K. L. , Tang B. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn updated climatology of Atlantic basin tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change in the presence of upper tropospheric trough forcing is presented. To control for changes in the background thermodynamic environment, a methodology that normalizes intensity change by the potential intensity of the TC is used to more narrowly focus on the effect of troughs compared to previous studies. Relative to the full sample of Atlantic TCs, troughs are a negative influence on intensification: trough interaction cases are 4% less likely to intensify and 5% more likely to weaken. Troughs are especially detrimental compared to TCs without trough forcing: trough interaction cases are 14% less likely to intensify and 13% more likely to weaken. Additionally, eddy flux convergence of angular momentum, previously shown to positively affect TC intensity change, is shown to be a weak predictor of intensity change compared to vertical wind shear, which is enhanced during a trough interaction.
Elucidating the Impact of Cobalt Doping on the Lithium Storage Mechanism in Conversion/Alloying‐Type Zinc Oxide Anodes
Authors: Mueller Franziska , Geiger Dorin , Kaiser Ute , Passerini Stefano , Bresser Dominic 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHerein, an in‐depth investigation of the influence of transition‐metal doping on the structural and electrochemical characteristics of a hybrid conversion/alloying‐type lithium‐ion anode material is presented. Therefore, pure zinc oxide (ZnO) and cobalt‐doped ZnO (Zn0.9Co0.1O) were investigated comparatively. Characterization by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the successful incorporation of the cobalt (Co) dopant into the wurtzite ZnO structure, which led to a decreased particle size for the doped compound. The in situ electrochemical XRD analysis of the first de‐/lithiation of ZnO and Zn0.9Co0.1O revealed the highly beneficial impact of the transition‐metal dopant on the reversible degradation of lithium oxide (Li2O) and suppression of zinc crystallite growth upon lithiation; both effects are essential for greatly improved electrochemical performance. As a result, Co doping leads to a substantially increased specific capacity from 326 mAh g−1 for pure ZnO to 789 mAh g−1 for Zn0.9Co0.1O after 75 full charge–discharge cycles.
ChemInform Abstract: 29Si 2D NMR Evidence of Four Novel Doubly Germanium Substituted Silicate Cages in a Tetramethylammonium Germanosilicate Solution.
Authors: KNIGHT C. T. G. , KIRKPATRICK R. J. , OLDFIELD E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThree of the four observed germanosilicate cages in which two Si sites are occupied by Ge are derivatives of the cubic octameric cage.
ChemInform Abstract: 13C and 14N Isotropic NMR Shifts in Anionic Nitratolanthanate(III) Complexes with Quaternary Cations.
Authors: CHEN N. , WITTON P. J. , HOLLOWAY C. E. , WALKER I. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 14N NMR spectra of the homologous series (R4N)x‐3Ln(NO3)x (with x = 5 or 6, Ln: all naturally occurring lanthanoids except for Gd, and R: Bu or Pr) have been recorded in nitrobenzene‐CH2Cl2 mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Cathodic Deposition and Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Cadmium Sulfide.
Authors: JACKOWSKA K. , SKOMPSKA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is demonstrated that the quality (in terms of photosensitivity and continuity) of cathodic CdS films deposited from acidic thiosulfate solutions can be improved by using buffered solutions during deposition.
ChemInform Abstract: Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Electrochemically Activated Platinum Surfaces. A Direct Ex‐Situ Determination of the Electrode Nanotopography
Authors: VAZQUEZ L. , GOMEZ J. , BARO A. M. , GARCIA N. , MARCOS M. L. , GONZALEZ VELASCO J. , VARA J. M. , ARVIA A. J. , PRESA J. , GARCIA A. , AGUILAR M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstractgives support to a structural model for the electrochemically activated electrode surface.
ChemInform Abstract: New Oligomeric Tungsten‐Selenium Anions: Synthesis and Characterization by 77Se NMR and X‐Ray Diffraction Techniques.
Authors: WARDLE R. W. M. , CHAU C.‐N. , IBERS J. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFour new oligomeric anions of the W‐Se system, W3Se92‐, W2Se92‐, and W2Se12‐0 (two isomers) have been prepared as shown in the scheme.