bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent pericarditis in older adults: Clinical and laboratory features and outcome
Authors: Bizzi Emanuele , Cavaleri Francesco , Mascolo Ruggiero , Conte Edoardo , Maggiolini Stefano , Decarlini Caterina Chiara , Maestroni Silvia , Collini Valentino , Sicignano Ludovico Luca , Verrecchia Elena , Manna Raffaele , Pancrazi Massimo , Trotta Lucia , Lopalco Giuseppe , Malandrino Danilo , Pallini Giada , Catenazzi Sara , Carrozzo Luisa , Emmi Giacomo , Lazaros George , Brucato Antonio , Imazio Massimo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pericarditis refer to the general adult population. Few and fragmentary data regarding recurrent pericarditis in older adults exist.Objective of the StudyGiven the absence of specific data in scientific literature, we hypothesized that there might be clinical, laboratory and outcome differences between young adults and older adults affected by idiopathic recurrent pericarditis.Materials and MethodsWe performed an international multicentric retrospective cohort study analyzing data from patients affected by recurrent pericarditis (idiopathic or post‐cardiac injury) and referring to tertiary referral centers. Clinical, laboratory, and outcome data were compared between patients younger than 65 years (controls) and patients aged 65 or older.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐three older adults and 142 young adult controls were enrolled. Comorbidities, including chronic kidney diseases, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes, were more present in older adults. The presenting symptom was dyspnea in 54.1% of the older adults versus 10.6% in controls (p < 0.001); pain in 32.3% of the older adults versus 80.3% of the controls (p < 0.001). Fever higher than 38°C was present in 33.8% versus 53.5% (p = 0.001). Pleural effusion was more prevalent in the older adults (55.6% vs 34.5%, p < 0.001), as well as severe pericardial effusion (>20 mm) (24.1% vs 12.7%, p = 0.016) and pericardiocentesis (16.5% vs 8.5%, p = 0.042). Blood leukocyte counts were significantly lower in the older adults (mean + SE: 10,227 + 289/mm3 vs 11,208 + 285/mm3, p = 0.016). Concerning therapies, NSAIDS were used in 63.9% of the older adults versus 80.3% in the younger (p = 0.003), colchicine in 76.7% versus 87.3% (p = 0.023), corticosteroids in 49.6% versus 26.8% (p < 0.001), and anakinra in 14.3% versus 23.9% (p = 0.044).ConclusionsOlder adults affected by recurrent pericarditis show a different clinical pattern, with more frequent dyspnea, pleural effusion, severe pericardial effusion, and lower fever and lower leukocyte count, making the diagnosis sometimes challenging. They received significantly less NSAIDs and colchicine, likely due to comorbidities; they were also treated less commonly with anti‐IL1 agents, and more frequently with corticosteroids.
Longitudinal associations between deviant peer affiliation and externalizing behavior in Chinese preadolescence: Differentiating between‐person effects from within‐person effects
Authors: Huang Linhui , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhu Jianjun , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present study employed the cross‐lagged panel model and the random intercepts cross‐lagged panel model to investigate the longitudinal association between deviant peer affiliation and externalizing behavior in Chinese preadolescents. A sample of 1987 students, comprising 56.10% male participants with a mean age of 12.32 years (SD = 0.53), from Guangdong and Shandong provinces, completed the Deviant Peer Affiliation Scale and the Externalizing Behavior Scale in biannual surveys. The surveys were conducted in the autumn semester of 7th grade, the spring semester of 7th grade, and the autumn semester of 8th grade. The cross‐lagged panel model illustrated a bidirectional association between adolescents' involvement with deviant peers and externalizing behavior. Conversely, the random intercepts cross‐lagged panel model indicated a positive association between deviant peer affiliation and externalizing behavior at the between‐person level. At the within‐person level, a significant predictive correlation was identified between the association with deviant peers and subsequent externalizing behavior, whereas the reverse pathway was determined to be statistically insignificant. To comprehend the connection between deviant peer association and externalizing behavior in preadolescence, it is essential to differentiate between between‐person and within‐person effects and utilize a sophisticated research methodology.
Effect of Cuminum cyminum essential oil on growth, histology, intestinal histomorphology, blood parameters, gonadal development, antioxidant activity, and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Yigit Nalan Ozgur , Metin Secil , Didinen Hakan , Cetinkaya Berrin , Ozmen Ozlem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effects on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, blood parameters, gonadal development, antioxidant activity, and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila of carp fed with cumin. Fish were fed diets containing 0, 1.0, and 3.0 mL kg−1 cumin for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the use of cumin oil did not affect growth performances and survival rate after challenge with A. hydrophila (p > 0.05). However, villi length and goblet cells increased in carp fed with cumin diets. In addition, no pathological findings were observed in the hepatopancreas, gonad, and intestine tissues of carp fed with cumin. Total protein; albumin; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels; superoxide dismutase; and catalase activity were similar in cumin oil supplemented groups compared with the control. Both male and female fecundity increased with the addition of 1.0 mL kg−1 cumin, whereas the addition of 3.0 mL kg−1 cumin caused a slight decrease in fertility. As a result, the use of cumin essential oil at 1 mL kg−1 concentration can be recommended to improve fish health and increase fertility in carp culture.
Drug‐induced liver injury related to gene therapy: A new challenge to be managed
Authors: Larrey Dominique , Delire Benedicte , Meunier Lucy , Zahhaf Amel , De Martin Eleonora , Horsmans Yves 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGene therapy is being successfully developed for the treatment of several genetic disorders. Various methods of gene transfer have been developed to enable the production of the deficient enzyme or protein. One of the most important is adeno‐associated virus vectors, which have been shown to be viable for use in in vivo gene therapy. Several gene therapies have already been approved. They are also promising for acquired diseases. Important examples include gene therapy for haemophilia A and B, X‐linked myotubular myopathy, spinal muscular atrophy and several liver diseases such as Criggler‐Najjar disease, alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency and Fabry disease. However, the introduction of a foreign compound into hepatocytes leads to hepatic reactions with heterogeneous phenotypic expression and a wide spectrum of severity, ranging from mild transaminase elevation to acute liver failure. Several mechanisms appear to be involved in liver injury, including an immune response, but also direct toxicity depending on the method of gene transfer. As a result, the incidence, expression and severity of liver injury vary from indication to indication and from patient to patient. Patients treated for haemophilia A are more prone to transaminase elevation than those treated for haemophilia B. Corticosteroids are successfully used to correct liver reactions but also to prevent degradation of the transferred gene and loss of therapeutic activity. The aim of this review is to describe the risk of liver injury according to the indication for gene therapy and the short‐ and long‐term management currently proposed to prevent or correct liver reactions in clinical practice.
Digital quantitation of bridging fibrosis and septa reveals changes in natural history and treatment not seen with conventional histology
Authors: Naoumov Nikolai V. , Kleiner David E. , Chng Elaine , Brees Dominique , Saravanan Chandra , Ren Yayun , Tai Dean , Sanyal Arun J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with bridging fibrosis is a critical stage in the evolution of fatty liver disease. Second harmonic generation/two‐photon excitation fluorescence (SHG/TPEF) microscopy with artificial intelligence (AI) provides sensitive and reproducible quantitation of liver fibrosis. This methodology was applied to gain an in‐depth understanding of intra‐stage fibrosis changes and septa analyses in a homogenous, well‐characterised group with MASH F3 fibrosis.MethodsPaired liver biopsies (baseline [BL] and end of treatment [EOT]) of 57 patients (placebo, n = 17 and tropifexor n = 40), with F3 fibrosis stage at BL according to the clinical research network (CRN) scoring, were included. Unstained sections were examined using SHG/TPEF microscopy with AI. Changes in liver fibrosis overall and in five areas of liver lobules were quantitatively assessed by qFibrosis. Progressive, regressive septa, and 12 septa parameters were quantitatively analysed.ResultsqFibrosis demonstrated fibrosis progression or regression in 14/17 (82%) patients receiving placebo, while the CRN scoring categorised 11/17 (65%) as ‘no change’. Radar maps with qFibrosis readouts visualised quantitative fibrosis dynamics in different areas of liver lobules even in cases categorised as ‘No Change’. Measurement of septa parameters objectively differentiated regressive and progressive septa (p < .001). Quantitative changes in individual septa parameters (BL to EOT) were observed both in the ‘no change’ and the ‘regression’ subgroups, as defined by the CRN scoring.ConclusionSHG/TPEF microscopy with AI provides greater granularity and precision in assessing fibrosis dynamics in patients with bridging fibrosis, thus advancing knowledge development of fibrosis evolution in natural history and in clinical trials.
The Freiburg Index of Post‐TIPS Survival accurately predicts mortality in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis
Authors: Kalo Eric , Sturm Lukas , Schultheiss Michael , Moore Oliver , Kurup Rajiv , Gahm Chiara , Read Scott , Reincke Marlene , Huber Jan Patrick , Müller Lukas , Kloeckner Roman , George Jacob , Thimme Robert , Bettinger Dominik , Ahlenstiel Golo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe recently developed Freiburg Index of Post‐TIPS Survival (FIPS) allows improved risk classification of patients with decompensated cirrhosis allocated to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) implantation. This study investigated the prognostic value of the FIPS in patients hospitalized with acute decompensation of cirrhosis (AD), outside the setting of TIPS implantation.MethodsA total of 1133 patients with AD were included in a retrospective, multi‐centre study. Ninety‐day, 180‐day and 1‐year mortality were recorded and the FIPS' performance in predicting mortality at these time points was analysed using ROC analyses.ResultsNinety‐day, 180‐day and 1‐year mortality were 17.7%, 24.4% and 30.8%. Uni‐ and multivariable Cox regression models showed that the FIPS independently predicted 1‐year mortality in the study cohort (HR 1.806, 95% CI 1.632–1.998, p < .0001). In ROC analyses, the FIPS offered consistently high performance in the prediction of mortality within 1 year after AD (area under the receiver operator characteristic [AUROC]: 1‐year mortality .712 [.679–.746], 180‐day mortality .740 [.705–.775] and 90‐day mortality .761 [.721–.801]). In fact, in the subgroup of patients presenting with variceal bleeding, the FIPS even showed significantly improved discriminatory performance in the prediction of long‐term mortality (AUROC 1‐year mortality: .782 [.724–.839]) in comparison with established prognostic scores, such as the CLIF‐C AD score (.724 [.660–.788], p = .0071) or MELD 3.0 (.726 [.662–.790], p = .0042).ConclusionsThe FIPS accurately predicts mortality in patients with AD and seems to offer superior prognostication of long‐term mortality in patients with variceal bleeding.
Benefits and limitations of implantable loop recorders in the very elderly
Authors: Engelke Hauke , Willy Kevin , Reinke Florian , Rath Benjamin , Könemann Hilke , Eckardt Lars , Frommeyer Gerrit 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundImplantable loop recorder (ILR) allows rhythm‐monitoring up to 3 years. They are recommended in patients with recurrent syncope and for the detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with cryptogenic thromboembolic events. AF and syncope occur more often in elderly patients. However, data in this cohort is limited.Methods and resultsAll patients ≥ 80 years undergoing ILR‐implantation between 2011 and 2022 in our center were included. Permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) and oral anticoagulation due AF were defined as primary endpoints. Forty‐five patients ≥ 80 years were included, 33 because of recurrent syncope and 12 because of suspected AF. The average follow up (FU) was 17.6 months. Overall in 22 patients, ILR‐implantation led to a therapeutic consequence (48.9%). In the 12 patients who underwent ILR‐implantation for detection of AF, AF was detected in nine patients (75%). In the 33 elderly patients who received ILR‐implantation after syncope, 11 underwent PPI during FU (33.3%). One patient accidentally removed the ILR himself via the implantation‐wound, and no other ILR‐related complications were observed.ConclusionILR are effective and safe in elderly patients. AF was often found in patients with suspected AF, especially in patients after catheter ablation of only documented atrial flutter (AFlu). PPI‐rate was high in patients with recurrent syncope and ILR‐implantation. Further investigations are necessary to determine whether PPI may be considered in elderly patients with syncope even in the absence of a bifascicular block.
Sly‐miR398b Mediates Mature Leaf Flattening by Orchestrating Auxin and H2O2 Signalling in Tomato
Authors: Zhang Xinshan , Wang Xiujuan , Deng Fei , Liu Yuanyuan , Ru Lei , Yan Guochao , Xu Yunmin , Zhu Zhujun , He Yong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTLeaf flattening plays a pivotal role in optimizing light capture and enhancing photosynthesis efficiency. While extensive research has clarified the molecular mechanisms governing the initial stages of leaf flattening, understanding the maintenance of this process in mature leaves remains limited. Our investigation focused on sly‐miR398b in tomatoes and revealed its crucial role in maintaining leaf flattening. In situ hybridization experiments indicated predominant expression of sly‐miR398b in the abaxial side. Disrupting sly‐miR398b using CRISPR/Cas9 relieved its suppression on target gene (Cu/Zn‐SOD, SlCSD1), elevating SlCSD1 levels specifically on the abaxial side. Consequently, this asymmetrical expression of SlCSD1 increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in the abaxial side, hindering auxin influx genes while promoting auxin efflux gene expression. This shift reduced auxin response gene expression in the abaxial side of mature leaves compared to the adaxial side, leading to leaf epinasty in sly‐miR398b mutants. Exogenous H2O2 spraying induced leaf epinasty, downregulating SlGH3.5 and upregulating SlPIN3 and SlPIN4. Remarkably, spraying with 1‐naphthalacetic acid (NAA) restored leaf flattening in sly‐miR398b mutants. Our findings offer novel insights into mature leaf flattening maintenance via sly‐miR398b's regulation of auxin and H2O2 signalling pathways.
Glioneuronal and neuronal tumors: A perspective
Authors: Komori Takashi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlioneuronal and neuronal tumors (GNTs) are slow‐growing, lower‐grade neuroepithelial tumors characterized by mature neuronal differentiation and, less consistently, glial differentiation. Their identification has traditionally relied on histological proof of neuronal differentiation, reflecting the well‐differentiated nature of GNTs. However, after discovering genetic alterations in GNTs, particularly those in the MAP‐kinase pathway, it became evident that histological diagnoses do not always correlate with genetic alterations and vice versa. Therefore, molecular‐based classification is now warranted since several inhibitors targeting the MAP‐kinase pathway are available. The World Health Organization classification published in 2021 applied DNA methylation profiling to segregate low‐grade neuroepithelial tumors. As GNTs are essentially indolent, radical resection and unnecessary chemoradiotherapy may be more harmful than beneficial for patients. Preserving tumor tissue for potential future treatments is more important for patients with GNTs.
Adjustment of storage capacity for non‐structural carbohydrates in response to limited water availability in two temperate woody species
Authors: Jupa Radek , Plichta Roman , Plavcová Lenka , Paschová Zuzana , Gloser Vít 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReserves of non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) stored in living cells are essential for drought tolerance of trees. However, little is known about the phenotypic plasticity of living storage compartments (SC) and their interactions with NSC reserves under changing water availability. Here, we examined adjustments of SC and NSC reserves in stems and roots of seedlings of two temperate tree species, Acer negundo L. and Betula pendula Roth., cultivated under different substrate water availability. We found that relative contents of soluble NSC, starch and total NSC increased with decreasing water availability in stems of both species, and similar tendencies were also observed in roots of A. negundo. In the roots of B. pendula, soluble NSC contents decreased along with the decreasing water availability, possibly due to phloem decoupling or NSC translocation to shoots. Despite the contrast in organ responses, NSC contents (namely starch) positively correlated with proportions of total organ SC. Individual types of SC showed markedly distinct plasticity upon decreasing water availability, suggesting that water availability changes the partitioning of organ storage capacity. We found an increasing contribution of parenchyma‐rich bark to the total organ NSC storage capacity under decreasing water availability. However, xylem SC showed substantially greater plasticity than those in bark. Axial storage cells, namely living fibers in A. negundo, responded more sensitively to decreasing water availability than radial parenchyma. Our results demonstrate that drought‐induced changes in carbon balance affect the organ storage capacity provided by living cells, whose proportions are sensitively coordinated along with changing NSC reserves.
In-Situ Calibration of Six-Axis Force/Torque Transducers on a Six-Legged Robot
Authors: Wu Ziyou , Revzen Shai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ground contact modeling for multilegged locomotion is challenging due to the possibility of multiple slipping legs. To understand the interplay of contact forces among multiple legs, we integrated a robot with six high-precision 6 degree-of-freedom (DoF) force-torque sensors, and measured the wrenches (forces and torques) produced in practice. Here, we present an in situ calibration procedure for simultaneously measuring all foot contact wrenches of a hexapod using 6-DoF load cells installed at the hips. We characterized transducer offset, leg gravity offset, and the wrench transformation error in our calibration model. Our calibration reduced the root-mean-square-error (RSME) by 63% for forces and 90% for torques in the residuals of the robot standing in different poses, compared with naive constant offset removal.
Design and Validation Strategy for an X-Ray Target Subject to Ultra-High Heat Flux Loading
Authors: Ravichandran Mahadevan , Winter Johanna , Dimroth Anton , Bartzsch Stefan , Kraus Kim Melanie , Zimmermann Markus 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sub-atomic particles impinging on metallic surfaces is a commonly encountered load case in nuclear engineering, medical physics, and particle research. Microbeam X-ray therapy is a promising cancer therapy that can be applied using high-power, spatially fractionated X-rays generated by an electron beam hitting a metallic target. For a clinical microbeam therapy X-ray source, an impinging electron beam of a power of 1 MW onto a rectangular focal spot of 0.05 × 20 mm size is needed, with a penetration depth of 0.1 mm. This corresponds to a heat flux input of 1 TW/m2 on the surface, an order of magnitude higher than that encountered in state-of-the-art nuclear fusion reactors and conventional imaging X-ray sources. Thus, it is essential to simulate and validate the thermo-mechanical capability of the metallic target’s material to withstand this extreme heat flux. This paper introduces a simplified mathematical model for evaluating temperature during the impact of such an electron beam on a rotating metallic target with a tungsten focal track. The model dissects the maximum temperature requirement into local and global temperatures at the focal spot and focal track, respectively. Numerical simulations based on surface heat flux loading and volumetric heat loading are also presented in this work. Further, the local temperature around the focal spot is modeled in a separate numerical model of a much lower scale with a minimum mesh element size of 10 μm and volumetric heat loading. This differs from the state-of-the-art numerical simulations, in which electron beam impinging on metals is modeled as purely surface heat flux loads. A metal target design of Titanium-Zirconium-Molybdenum (TZM) alloy structure and tungsten focal track is presented and is shown to withstand the thermal requirement of not exceeding the melting point of tungsten and TZM alloy. The simulation temperature results agree with the mathematical estimates within an error of 10 %. Results of various discretization levels are presented, and the spatial and temporal grid independence of the numerical simulations are validated. Further, a novel validation strategy is proposed to address the lack of available test facilities to replicate this extreme heat flux load case. The critical parameters describing the high heat flux loading are identified as temperature, thermal strain, thermal stress, and strain rate. Scaled-down test specifications are determined to use a test facility of power less than 100 kW and recreate the critical parameters. With the numerical simulation model validated using the scaled-down test, it is proposed to verify the material’s capability to withstand the concentrated 1 MW heat load numerically without requiring a 1 MW test facility.
Rapid Cooling Technology for Extreme Sample Environment Neutron Vacuum Furnaces
Authors: Adhikari Daksh , Radyjowski Patryk , Carlson David , Davis Reese , Zou An , Rao Parthib , Chen Chien-Hua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
One of the main limitations of experimental throughput in high temperature neutron experiments is the lengthy cooldown time of the test furnace. Neutron furnaces typically rely on radiation-based cooling under vacuum to reach safe opening temperatures (&lt; 100 °C) to change test samples. The lengthy cooldown, often taking 2–3 times longer than the test itself, is due to the furnace design optimized for minimizing heat loss. A rapid cooling technology for neutron furnaces is presented, where closed-loop circulation of low-pressure helium is utilized. The new cooling technology reduces the most impactful 500–100°C cooldown phase from over 2 hours down to as low as &lt; 5 minutes for low thermal mass cases with no sample. The gas mass flowrate had the dominant impact on cooling time, while the system pressure had negligible effects.