bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modular Combinatorial Development of Crystal‐Glass Nano‐Heterostructured Copper Alloys with Ultrahigh Strength and Large Deformability
Authors: Zhou Hongbo , Yuan Fusen , Huang Yao , Wang Yutian , Bo Zhenxing , Cao Jingshan , Xie Weijie , Zhang Qinghua , Liu Yanhui , Jiang Minqiang , Sun Baoan , Wang Weihua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOvercoming the strength‐ductility trade‐off in metals and alloys entails the optimization of the compositions and dedicated microstructural design, which remains experimentally laborious and challenging. Here, a combinatorial method is devised to construct a Cu‐Ti alloy library encompassing diverse compositions, microstructures, and mechanical properties, allowing to efficiently identify a copper alloy with an unprecedented yield strength of 3.8 GPa and high deformability. The exceptional properties are attributed to a crystal‐glass nano‐heterostructure (CGNH) consisting of nanograins, nano twins, and glassy phases. Ultrahigh strength stems from the extreme strengthening of structural‐unit refinement and the avoidance of softening caused by grain‐boundary sliding through the inclusion of glassy phases between nanograins. Remarkable deformability is associated with the activation of homogeneous flow in nanosized glassy phases, complemented by coordinated nanocrystal rotation. The CGNH architecture offers a potent route to overcome the trade‐off between alloy strength and deformability.
Synergistic Catalysis of Cobalt Single Atoms and Clusters Loaded on Carbon Film: Enhancing Peroxymonosulfate Activation for Degradation of Norfloxacin
Authors: Hao Chenglin , Li Tinghang , Xie Yanjie , Zhou Jia‐Xi , Chang Fengqin , Luo Liancong , Liu Qian , Abdukayum Abdukader , Hu Guangzhi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany existing research focuses on the differences or performance comparisons between single‐atom or small‐sized nanocluster catalysts, but there is a lack of comprehensive research on the coupling relationship between the structure and activity and the mechanism of synergy. This study investigates the combined catalytic potential of cobalt single atoms (SAs) and nanoclusters (NCs) for enhanced peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to degrade norfloxacin (NFX). A novel CoSAs‐NCs/CN/TiO2 catalyst is synthesized, featuring cobalt SAs and NCs uniformly dispersed on the carbon film wrapping TiO2, and the degradation efficiency of the NFX solution is almost completely degraded, with a mineralization rate of 76.35%. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the synergistic interaction between cobalt SAs and NCs promotes more efficient PMS adsorption and activation and significantly reduces the activation energy barrier, which enhances electron transfer and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This research highlights the robust and versatile nature of this novel catalyst system in addressing various contaminants. This study elucidates the activation mechanism of catalysts, providing new ideas for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in environmental remediation, linking the structure and performance of catalysts, and emphasizes the practicality and importance of the CoSAs‐NCs/CN/TiO2 catalyst in effectively and long‐term remediation of water pollutants.
Topologically Close‐Packed Frank‐Kasper C15 Phase Intermetallic Ir Alloy Electrocatalysts Enables High‐Performance Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Qin Zhuhuang , Li Jinhui , Wu Qiyan , Sathishkumar Nadaraj , Liu Xuan , Lai Jiaoyang , Mao Jialun , Xie Linfeng , Li Shenzhou , Lu Gang , Cao Rui , Yan Pengfei , Huang Yunhui , Li Qing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChemical synthesis of unconventional topologically close‐packed intermetallic nanocrystals (NCs) remains a considerable challenge due to the limitation of large volume asymmetry between the components. Here, a series of unconventional intermetallic Frank‐Kasper C15 phase Ir2M (M = rare earth metals La, Ce, Gd, Tb, Tm) NCs is successfully prepared via a molten‐salt assisted reduction method as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Compared to the disordered counterpart (A1‐Ir2Ce), C15‐Ir2Ce features higher Ir‐Ce coordination number that leads to an electron‐rich environment for Ir sites. The C15‐Ir2Ce catalyst exhibits excellent and pH‐universal HER activity and requires only 9, 16, and 27 mV overpotentials to attain 10 mA cm−2 in acidic, alkaline, and neutral electrolytes, respectively, representing one of the best HER electrocatalysts ever reported. In a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer, the C15‐Ir2Ce cathode achieves an industrial‐scale current density of 1 A cm−2 with a remarkably low cell voltage of 1.7 V at 80 °C and can operate stably for 1000 h with a sluggish voltage decay rate of 50 µV h−1. Theoretical investigations reveal that the electron‐rich Ir sites intensify the polarization of *H2O intermediate on C15‐Ir2Ce, thus lowering the energy barrier of the water dissociation and facilitating the HER kinetics.
Rapid and Scalable Synthesis of In2O3‐Decorated MXene Nanosheets for High‐Performance Flexible Broadband Photodetectors
Authors: Rhyu Hyejin , Shin Jae Hyeok , Kang Myung Hyun , Song Wooseok , Lee Sun Sook , Lim Jongsun , Myung Sung 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA promising flexible photodetector based on hybrid nanocomposites of 2D MXene and In2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed, demonstrating excellent ultraviolet (UV) light responsivity. In this work, In2O3‐decorated MXene nanosheets (In2O3MX) are synthesized via a simple one‐step sonochemical method using ultrasonication, rapidly producing the composites in a short time. The synthesized material shows efficacy across broadband wavelengths (UV, Vis, NIR). Notably, the photodetector using In2O3MX exhibits a responsivity (R) of 121.6 A W−1 and a specific detectivity (D*) of 106.4 × 10¹⁰ Jones in the UV range, and confirming enhanced electrical properties and the feasibility of low‐voltage detection with tau plots. Additionally, the electrical and optical characteristics remain unchanged after bending the device up to 10,000 times with a bending radius of 6.0 mm, highlighting its suitability for flexible optoelectronic applications. Overall, this study introduces a novel approach to the simple synthesis of 2D MXene nanocomposites and provides valuable insights into the development of flexible photodetectors using these materials.
Probing the Impact of Four BSF Layers on MASnI3‐Based Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells for >33% Efficiency
Authors: Hossain Md. Faruk , Rahman Md. Mahabur , Harun‐Or‐Rashid Md. , Amami Mongi , Farhat Lamia Ben , Rahman Md. Ferdous 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study systematically investigates the impact of various layers of the back surface field (BSF) on the performance of CH₃NH₃SnI₃ (MASnI₃)‐based lead‐free mixed organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells. By employing SCAPS‐1D (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator in One Dimension) simulation software, the behavior of solar cells is analyzed incorporating BSF layers of CuI, NiO, ZnTe, and CBTS. The findings indicate that the inclusion of these BSF materials significantly enhances power conversion efficiency (PCE), with CBTS showing the highest PCE of 33.57%. The energy band diagrams reveal that the BSF layers effectively reduce recombination losses at the rear interface and improve charge carrier collection. Detailed analysis of photovoltaic parameters, such as open‐circuit voltage (Voc), short‐circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and overall PCE, underscores the superiority of CBTS as optimal BSF materials. Temperature variation studies demonstrate that CBTS maintains superior performance across a range of temperatures, highlighting its potential for high‐efficiency, thermally stable perovskite solar cells. This comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights for optimizing the design and performance of MASnI₃‐based perovskite solar cells, with the aim of efficiencies greater than 33%.
High‐Performing Flexible Mg3Bi2 Thin‐Film Thermoelectrics
Authors: Hu Boxuan , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Cao Tianyi , Liu Siqi , Zhang Min , Lyu Wanyu , Yin Liangcao , Tesfamichael Tuquabo , Liu Qingfeng , Chen Zhi‐Gang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the advances in bulk Mg3Bi2, there is increasing interest in pursuing whether Mg3Bi2 can be fabricated into flexible thin films for wearable electronics to expand the practical applications. However, the development of fabrication processes for flexible Mg3Bi2 thin films and the effective enhancement of their thermoelectric performance remain underexplored. Here, magnetron sputtering and ex‐situ annealing techniques is used to fabricate flexible Mg3Bi2 thermoelectric thin films with a power factor of up to 1.59 µW cm−1 K−2 at 60 °C, ranking as the top value among all reported n‐type Mg3Bi2 thin films. Extensive characterizations show that ex‐situ annealing, and optimized sputtering processes allow precise control over film thickness. These techniques ensure high adhesion of the films to various substrates, resulting in excellent flexibility, with <10% performance degradation after 500 bending cycles with a radius of 5 mm. Furthermore, for the first time, flexible thermoelectric devices are fabricated with both p‐type and n‐type Mg3Bi2 legs, which achieve an output power of 0.17 nW and a power density of 1.67 µW cm−2 at a very low temperature difference of 2.5 °C, highlighting the practical application potential of the device.
Designer Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction with Controlled Platinum Nanoparticle Locality
Authors: Ferro Giovanni , Roiron Camille , Wang Hanson , Braaten Jonathan , Stühmeier Björn M. , Johnston Christina , Cheng Lei , Zenyuk Iryna V. , Atanassov Plamen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor global deployment of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, achieving optimal interaction between the components of the cathode active layer remains challenging. Studies addressing the effect of nanoparticle location (inside vs outside of pores) on performance and durability mostly compare porous and nonporous carbon supports, thus coming short of decoupling nanoparticle locality from carbon support effects. To address the influence of nanoparticle locality on performance and durability, new carbon‐supported electrocatalysts with designed and distinct nanoparticle localities are presented. The developed methodology allows to place Pt nanoparticles preferentially inside or outside of the mesopores of conductive carbon supports from materials under development at Cabot Corporation. Synthesis protocols are tuned to control nanoparticle size, crystallinity, and loading; this way the effect of Pt locality can be studied for two experimental carbon supports in isolation from all other parameters. For one carbon support, Pt active surface area and activity are significantly lower when nanoparticles are placed inside the pores. In contrast, for another, more graphitic carbon support, placing nanoparticles inside or outside of the carbon pores produces no appreciable difference in active surface area and performance rotating disk electrode measurements. Given their carefully tailored structure, these catalysts provide a framework for evaluating locality‐performance‐durability relationships.
A novel highly sensitive test reaction for micromixing: Acid‐base neutralization and alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl oxalate
Authors: Huang Dingwang , Duan Xiaoxia , Feng Xin , Wang Guilong , Zhang Weipeng , Chen Jie , Mao Zai‐Sha , Yang Chao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMicromixing in chemical reactors can be characterized through test reactions that are sensitive to mixing. A new pair of parallel competitive reactions, including acid–base neutralization and diethyl oxalate hydrolysis, is proposed in this work. It has clear principles and high sensitivity to micromixing with quantitative accuracy and operational simplicity. The measurement results obtained from stopped‐flow spectra show that the alkaline hydrolysis of diethyl oxalate follows second‐order kinetics, and the rate constant conforms to the Arrhenius equation k2 = 2.331 × 108 exp(−26.92 × 103/RT) (L/mol/s). The estimated half‐life of hydrolysis is approximately 3 × 10−4 s under the selected concentration combinations, which provides significant advantages for the micromixing assessment in the strong turbulent fluid environment. In the same stirred tank, the critical feed time of new test reaction is shorter than that of the Villermaux–Dushman reaction. Overall, this work provides practical ideas for screening other desired esters for fast hydrolysis to construct more test reactions for micromixing.
Examining Roles, Challenges, and Opportunities Within the Metabolic Genetics Workforce
Authors: Simpson Kara , Offord Stephanie , Suares Chanel , Vockley Jerry 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe metabolic genetics clinic is a crucial hub for the management of patients with inborn errors of metabolism and other complex genetic conditions. Because more patients are being identified due to the expanded diagnostics, including newborn screening, and living longer with the advent of improved therapies, the multidisciplinary metabolic genetics team has been challenged in growing proportionally to meet patients' needs. Insufficient rates of recruitment to the field and increased levels of attrition have led to concerns about a rising shortage of metabolic genetics health care providers and necessitate creative solutions to grow the workforce. Here, we describe the roles and responsibilities of the multidisciplinary metabolic genetics team and describe opportunities to support patient care and promote clinician work–life balance in a rapidly changing field.
Ultrasound transducer disinfection for percutaneous procedures: A review of the evidence supporting guideline recommendations
Authors: Peters Nathan , Williamson Frances , Eley Victoria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroduction/PurposeThere are varying international recommendations regarding the minimum level of disinfection required for ultrasound transducers used in percutaneous procedures. While some guidelines recommend high‐level disinfection (HLD), others question the additional benefit this delivers over low‐level disinfection (LLD).MethodsThis narrative review identifies current guidelines and evaluates the evidence used to support disinfection recommendations for ultrasound transducers used in percutaneous procedures. Thirteen guidelines were identified using a search encompassing PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google from 1st January 2013 to 31st January 2024.ResultsNo guidelines were supported by high‐quality evidence, instead, guidelines relied upon: expert opinion through the application of national standards and infection control principles; consideration of recommendations from other published guidelines; and the incidence of infection from retrospective studies. Guidelines were uniformly supportive of using ultrasound transducer covers and sterile ultrasound gel during ultrasound‐guided percutaneous procedures. However, the minimum recommended disinfection level was varied with seven guidelines recommending HLD, four LLD and two not specifying a level. Spaulding's classification was commonly used to support disinfection recommendations, however, the resultant wide variation in classification and subsequent recommendations suggest that its utility in accurately determining the minimum level of disinfection in this specific context is low.ConclusionWithout high‐level evidence, using a risk‐based assessment will likely remain fundamental to future guideline recommendations in determining the minimum disinfection level for an ultrasound transducer used in percutaneous procedures. This risk assessment must include the highest level of evidence available in addition to acknowledging the contribution of all steps taken to prevent infection during ultrasound‐guided percutaneous procedures.
Socioeconomic and medical determinants of state‐level subjective cognitive decline in the United States
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Stulberg Eric L. , Littig Lauren , Wong Ka‐Ho , Sarpong Daniel , Li Vivian , Sharma Richa , Falcone Guido J. , Williamson Jeff D. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Brickman Adam M. , Sheth Kevin N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIt is important to understand the socioeconomic and medical determinants of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) at a population level in the United States.METHODSThe primary outcomes are state‐level rates of SCD and SCD‐related functional impairment in adults aged ≥ 45, both measured in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 2016 to 2022. The exposures are state‐level rates of poverty, unemployment, homelessness, college education, racial and ethnic minorities, uninsurance, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity as well as household income and physician density.RESULTSThe strongest state‐level associations with rates of SCD were the prevalence of diabetes (rho = 0.64), hypertension (rho = 0.59), and poverty (rho = 0.58; all p < 0.001), and with SCD‐related functional impairment were prevalence of poverty (rho = 0.71), diabetes (rho = 0.68), and hypertension (rho = 0.53; all p < 0.001).DISCUSSIONThis study highlights critical links between SCD and socioeconomic and medical determinants in adults aged ≥ 45 in the United States, including the prevalence of poverty, diabetes, and hypertension.Highlights
State‐level analysis reveals socioeconomic and medical risk factors for subjective cognitive decline (SCD) at a population level.
The prevalence of poverty is a critical contributor to the state‐level prevalence of SCD.
The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension are also strong state‐level determinants of SCD.
Addressing the burden of cognitive decline at the population level necessitates targeting socioeconomic and medical factors.
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Neuropathology Core: An update
Authors: Perrin Richard J. , Franklin Erin E. , Bernhardt Haley , Burns Aime , Schwetye Katherine E. , Cairns Nigel J. , Baxter Michael , Weiner Michael W. , Morris John C. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONBiomarkers for Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) have been instrumental in developing effective disease‐modifying therapeutics. However, to prevent/treat dementia effectively, we require biomarkers for non‐AD neuropathologies; for this, neuropathologic examinations and annotated tissue samples are essential.METHODSWe conducted clinicopathologic correlation for the first 100 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Neuropathology Core (NPC) cases.RESULTSClinical syndromes in this cohort showed 95% sensitivity and 79% specificity for predicting high/intermediate ADNC, a 21% false positive rate, and a ∼44% false negative rate. In addition, 60% with high/intermediate ADNC harbored additional potentially dementing co‐pathologies.DISCUSSIONThese results suggest that clinical presentation imperfectly predicts ADNC and that accurate prediction of high/intermediate ADNC does not exclude co‐pathology that may modify presentation, biomarkers, and therapeutic responses. Therefore, new biomarkers are needed for non‐AD neuropathologies. The ADNI NPC supports this mission with well‐characterized tissue samples (available through ADNI and the National Institute on Aging) and “gold‐standard” diagnostic information (soon to include digital histology).Highlights
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Neuropathology Core (NPC) brain donation cohort now exceeds 200 cases.
ADNI NPC data in National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center format are available through the Laboratory of Neuro Imaging.
Digitized slide files from the ADNI NPC will be available in 2025.
Requests for ADNI brain tissue samples can be submitted online for ADNI/National Institute on Aging evaluation.
Clinical diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease (AD)/AD and related dementias (ADRD) do not always predict post mortem neuropathology.
Neuropathology is essential for the development of novel AD/ADRD biomarkers.
Electronic Metal‐Support Interaction Induces Hydrogen Spillover and Platinum Utilization in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Feng Yumei , Xie Yuhua , Yu Yingjie , Chen Yazhou , Liu Qingting , Bao Haifeng , Luo Fang , Pan Shuyuan , Yang Zehui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe substantial promotion of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic performance relies on the breakup of the Sabatier principle, which can be achieved by the alternation of the support and electronic metal support interaction (EMSI) is noticed. Due to the utilization of tungsten disulfides as support for platinum (Pt@WS2), surprisingly, Pt@WS2 demands only 31 mV overpotential to attain 10 mA cm−2 in acidic HER test, corresponding to a 2.5‐fold higher mass activity than benchmarked Pt/C. The pH dependent electrochemical measurements associated with H2‐TPD and in situ Raman spectroscopy indicate a hydrogen spillover involved HER mechanism is confirmed. The WS2 support triggers a higher hydrogen binding strength for Pt leading to the increment in hydrogen concentration at Pt sites proved by upshifted d band center as well as lower Gibbs free energy of hydrogen, favourable for hydrogen spillover. Besides, the WS2 shows a comparably lower effect on Gibbs free energy for different Pt layers (−0.50 eV layer−1) than carbon black (−0.88 eV layer−1) contributing to a better Pt utilization. Also, the theoretical calculation suggests the hydrogen spillover occurs on the 3rd Pt layer in Pt@WS2; moreover, the energy barrier is lowered with increment in hydrogen coverage on Pt. Therefore, the boosted HER activity attributes to the EMSI effect caused hydrogen spillover and enhancement in Pt utilization efficiency.
Fast Production of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Covalent Enzyme Immobilization with Boosted Enzymatic Catalysis by Solar‐Driven Photothermal Effect
Authors: Hao Liqin , Zhu Qianqian , Qiao Xueling , Shi Qiongyu , Liu Yujie , Wang Tonghai , Lin En , Cheng Peng , Zhang Zhenjie , Chen Yao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeveloping new enzyme‐immobilization systems to stabilize their dynamic structures and meanwhile enhance their catalytic activity is of great significance but very challenging. Herein, we design and fabricate a class of robust mesoporous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) via Michael addition‐elimination reaction. It is found that highly crystalline COFs can be produced in 10 min, which is attributed to the promoting effect of the intramolecular hydrogen bond activation. The COFs rich in hydroxyl groups can be facilely post‐modified by epibromohydrin to covalently immobilize enzymes with both high loading and activity. Furthermore, we create a solar‐driven photothermal‐promoted strategy by introducing photoactive azo groups to COF carriers, which can boost the enzyme catalytic performance (lipase) with much higher conversion of various racemic substrates and chiral resolution upon solar light irradiation. The heterogeneous biocatalysts also demonstrate exceptional reusability and stability. This work provides a green and energy‐efficient approach to facilitate the scale application of enzyme‐immobilized biocatalysts.