bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated 3D echo‐planar imaging with compressed sensing for time‐resolved hyperpolarized 13C studies
Authors: Geraghty Benjamin J. , Lau Justin Y.C. , Chen Albert P. , Cunningham Charles H. 
Published: January 2016

PurposeTo enable large field‐of‐view, time‐resolved volumetric coverage in hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging by implementing a novel data acquisition and image reconstruction method based on the compressed sensing framework.MethodsA spectral‐spatial pulse for single‐resonance excitation followed by a symmetric echo‐planar imaging (EPI) readout was implemented for encoding a 72 × 18 cm2 field of view at 5 × 5 mm2 resolution. Random undersampling was achieved with blipped z‐gradients during the ramp portion of the echo‐planar imaging readout. The sequence and reconstruction were tested with phantom studies and consecutive in vivo hyperpolarized 13C scans in rats. Retrospectively and prospectively undersampled data were compared on the basis of structural similarity in the reconstructed images and the quantification of the lactate‐to‐pyruvate ratio in rat kidneys.ResultsNo artifacts or loss of resolution are evident in the compressed sensing reconstructed images acquired with the proposed sequence. Structural similarity analysis indicate that compressed sensing reconstructions can accurately recover spatial features in the metabolic images evaluated.ConclusionA novel z‐blip acquisition sequence for compressed sensing accelerated hyperpolarized 13C 3D echo‐planar imaging was developed and demonstrated. The close agreement in lactate‐to‐pyruvate ratios from both retrospectively and prospectively undersampled data from rats shows that metabolic information is preserved with acceleration factors up to 3‐fold with the developed method. Magn Reson Med 77:538–546, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Magnet® Hospital Recognition Linked to Lower Central Line‐Associated Bloodstream Infection Rates
Authors: Barnes Hilary , Rearden Jessica , McHugh Matthew D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCentral‐line‐associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are among the deadliest heathcare‐associated infections, with an estimated 12–25% mortality rate. In 2014, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) began to penalize hospitals for poor performance with respect to selected hospital‐acquired conditions, including CLABSI. A structural factor associated with high‐quality nursing care and better patient outcomes is The Magnet Recognition Program®. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between Magnet status and hospital CLABSI rates. We used propensity score matching to match Magnet and non‐Magnet hospitals with similar hospital characteristics. In a matched sample of 291 Magnet hospitals and 291 non‐Magnet hospitals, logistic regression models were used to examine whether there was a link between Magnet status and CLABSI rates. Both before and after matching, Magnet hospital status was associated with better (lower than the national average) CLABSI rates (OR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.10, 2.33 after matching). While established programs such as Magnet recognition are consistently correlated with high‐quality nursing work environments and positive patient outcomes, additional research is needed to determine whether Magnet designation produces positive patient outcomes or rewards existing excellence. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microglandular adenosis associated with triple‐negative breast cancer is a neoplastic lesion of triple‐negative phenotype harbouring TP53 somatic mutations
Authors: Guerini‐Rocco Elena , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Ng Charlotte KY , Geyer Felipe C , De Filippo Maria R , Eberle Carey A , Akram Muzaffar , Fusco Nicola , Ichihara Shu , Sakr Rita A , Yatabe Yasushi , Vincent‐Salomon Anne , Rakha Emad A , Ellis Ian O , Wen Y Hannah , Weigelt Britta , Schnitt Stuart J , Reis‐Filho Jorge S 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMicroglandular adenosis (MGA) is a rare proliferative lesion of the breast composed of small glands lacking myoepithelial cells and lined by S100‐positive, oestrogen receptor (ER)‐negative, progesterone receptor (PR)‐negative, and HER2‐negative epithelial cells. There is evidence to suggest that MGA may constitute a non‐obligate precursor of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). We sought to define the genomic landscape of pure MGA and of MGA, atypical MGA (AMGA) and associated TNBCs, and to determine whether synchronous MGA, AMGA, and TNBCs would be clonally related. Two pure MGAs and eight cases of MGA and/or AMGA associated with in situ or invasive TNBC were collected, microdissected, and subjected to massively parallel sequencing targeting all coding regions of 236 genes recurrently mutated in breast cancer or related to DNA repair. Pure MGAs lacked clonal non‐synonymous somatic mutations and displayed limited copy number alterations (CNAs); conversely, all MGAs (n = 7) and AMGAs (n = 3) associated with TNBC harboured at least one somatic non‐synonymous mutation (range 3–14 and 1–10, respectively). In all cases where TNBCs were analyzed, identical TP53 mutations and similar patterns of gene CNAs were found in the MGA and/or AMGA and in the associated TNBC. In the MGA/AMGA associated with TNBC lacking TP53 mutations, somatic mutations affecting PI3K pathway‐related genes (eg PTEN, PIK3CA, and INPP4B) and tyrosine kinase receptor signalling‐related genes (eg ERBB3 and FGFR2) were identified. At diagnosis, MGAs associated with TNBC were found to display subclonal populations, and clonal shifts in the progression from MGA to AMGA and/or to TNBC were observed. Our results demonstrate the heterogeneity of MGAs, and that MGAs associated with TNBC, but not necessarily pure MGAs, are genetically advanced, clonal, and neoplastic lesions harbouring recurrent mutations in TP53 and/or other cancer genes, supporting the notion that a subset of MGAs and AMGAs may constitute non‐obligate precursors of TNBCs. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(lactic acid)/poly(3‐hexylthiophene) composite nanofiber fabrication for electronic applications
Authors: Serrano William , Meléndez Anamaris , Ramos Idalia , Pinto Nicholas J 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFibers of the biopolymer poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and the p‐type semiconducting polymer poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were fabricated using the electrospinning technique at low PLA concentration (5 wt%) in CHCl3. The fibers were several millimeters long and had diameters in the range 100 nm–4 µm. Nanofibers containing 63%/37% of PLA/P3HT were electroactive, and therefore were used to construct p–n diodes whose ideality parameter was 2.4 and rectification (on/off) ratio was 400 at ±1 V. These diodes were also able to sense UV radiation and remain operable with an increase in the on/off ratio and a lowering of the turn‐on voltage. By fabricating reusable and low‐cost multifunctional diodes from PLA/P3HT, the applications of PLA as a biocompatible and biodegradable polyester are expanded to include electronic device fabrication with low environmental impact. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficacy and long‐term outcomes of palivizumab prophylaxis to prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants with cystic fibrosis in Northern Ireland
Authors: Groves H.E. , Jenkins L. , Macfarlane M. , Reid A. , Lynn F. , Shields M.D. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackgroundRSV causes considerable morbidity and mortality in children. In cystic fibrosis (CF) viral infections are associated with worsening respiratory symptoms and bacterial colonization. Palivizumab is effective in reducing RSV hospitalization in high risk patient groups. Evidence regarding its effectiveness and safety in CF is inconclusive. CF screening in N. Ireland enabled timely palivizumab prophylaxis, becoming routine in 2002.ObjectivesTo determine the effect of palivizumab on RSV‐related hospitalization and compare lung function and bacterial colonization at age 6 years for those born pre‐ and post‐introduction of palivizumab prophylaxis.MethodsA retrospective audit was conducted for all patients diagnosed with CF during the period from 1997 to 2007 inclusive. RSV‐related hospitalization, time to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) 1st isolate, lung function and growth parameters were recorded. Comparisons were made for outcomes pre‐ and post‐introduction of routine palivizumab administration in 2002. A cost evaluation was also performed.ResultsNinety‐two children were included; 47 pre‐ and 45 post‐palivizumab introduction. The overall RSV‐positive hospitalization rate was 13%. The relative risk of RSV infection in palivizumab non‐recipients versus recipients was 4.78 (95%CI: 1.1–20.7), P = 0.027. Notably, PA 1st isolate was significantly earlier in the palivizumab recipient cohort versus non‐recipient cohort (median 57 vs. 96 months, P < 0.025) with a relative risk of 2.5. Chronic PA infection at 6 years remained low in both groups, with similar lung function and growth parameters. Total costs were calculated at £96,127 ($151,880) for the non‐recipient cohort versus £137,954 ($217,967) for the recipient cohort.ConclusionPalivizumab was effective in reducing RSV‐related hospitalization infection in CF patients. Surprisingly, we found a significantly earlier time to 1st isolate of PA in palivizumab recipients which we could not explain by altered or improved diagnostic tests. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:379–385. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A modular force‐controlled robotic instrument for minimally invasive surgery – efficacy for being used in autonomous grasping against a variable pull force
Authors: Khadem Seyed Mohsen , Behzadipour Saeed , Mirbagheri Alireza , Farahmand Farzam 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundMany deficiencies of minimally invasive robotic surgery systems can be eliminated by using automated laparoscopic tools with force measurement and control capability.MethodA fully modular, automated laparoscopic instrument with a proximal force sensory system was designed and fabricated. The efficacy of the instrument was evaluated experimentally when functioning in an autonomous force‐controlled grasping scheme.ResultsThe designed instrument was shown to work easily with standard laparoscopic tools, with the whole distal part detachable for autoclave sterilization. The root mean squared error (RMSE) of the actual pinch force from the target ramp was 0.318 N; it was 0.402 N for a sinusoidal pull force, which dropped by 21% using a static friction compensation. A secure grasping condition was achieved, in spite of this error, by applying a sufficiently large margin from the slip boundary.ConclusionsWith a simple and practical design, the instrument enjoys affordability, versatility and autoclave sterilizability for clinical usage, with an acceptable performance for being used in an auto‐grasping control scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structured training and competence assessment in colorectal robotic surgery. Results of a consensus experts round table
Authors: Petz Wanda , Spinoglio Giuseppe , Choi Gyu Seog , Parvaiz Amjad , Santiago Cesar , Marecik Slawomir , Giulianotti Pier Cristoforo , Bianchi Paolo Pietro 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundA structured training is a key element for the learning of techniques with a high level of complexity, such as robotic colorectal surgery.MethodsThis study reports the results of an expert consensus round table held during the 6th Clinical Robotic Surgery Association (CRSA) congress, focusing on recommendations in robotic colorectal surgery.ResultsThree sequential steps are proposed for training: a basic module, to learn basic robotic skills and general competencies; an advanced module, to acquire skills to safely perform a colorectal resection, and tutored clinical practice providing procedures of increasing complexity.Each specific skill of the basic module and performance of each surgical step of a colorectal procedure was evaluated and rated from 1 to 3.ConclusionsDefining requirements to begin robotic colorectal activity, delineation of structured training programs and objectification of the acquired competences are key elements for a safe and efficient learning of robotic colorectal surgery. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive structural analysis of halogenated sucrose derivatives: Revisiting the reactivity of sucrose primary alcohols
Authors: Tachrim Zetryana Puteri , Wang Lei , Yoshida Takuma , Muto Miho , Nakamura Tadashi , Masuda Katsuyoshi , Hashidoko Yasuyuki , Hashimoto Makoto 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRegioselective halogenations of sucrose primary alcohols can simplify the synthesis of carbohydrate‐based products. The Appel reaction, using carbon tetrahalide (CBr4 or CCl4) and triphenylphosphine, offers efficient conversion of primary hydroxyl groups to halide. Previous halogenation of sucrose with limited amounts of Appel reagent gave obscure result—regarding the halogenation selectivity of sucrose primary alcohols at 6‐ and 6′‐ position. Within careful purification of its per‐O‐acetylated form, re‐subjection of sucrose into Appel reaction resulted in two mono‐ and one dihalogenated products only at 6‐ and/or 6′‐position. Extensive NMR analyses support the revision of previous literature's assignments. Comprehensive analysis of each monohalogenated sucrose at the primary position, including the first reported 1′‐monohalogenated sucrose derivatives synthesis via regioselective enzymic deacetylation, provided halogenation of sucrose primary alcohols by the Appel reaction followed the order of 6>6′≫1′.
Structure, Delamination and Luminescence of Layered Dysprosium Hydroxides and the Generation of White Light with 2D Crystals
Authors: Wang Xinying , Feng Pingping , Zhao Yushuang , Li Ji‐Guang , Yang Xiaojing 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLayered dysprosium hydroxides intercalated with dodecyl sulfate ions (DS−LDyHs) have been synthesized using homogenous precipitation technique. Unlike the previously reported DS− intercalated layered europium hydroxides (DS−‐LEuHs) and layered terbium hydroxides (DS−‐LTbHs), the resultant DS−‐LDyHs have mixed host layers of m=1 and m=2 according to the general formula of Dy2(OH)6‐m(Ax−)m/x⋅nH2O. Due to charge difference, the m=1 and 2 types of layers have different basal spacings of ∼28 and ∼34 Å, corresponding to a monolayer and an alternating antiparallel arrangements of DS− in the interlayers, respectively. Unlike their precursors, the 2D crystals exhibit strong 4F9/2→6H13/2 hypersensitive emissions of Dy3+, making them more applicable to the generation of white‐bluish lights. The nanosheets also have longer fluorescence lifetime than precursor for 480 nm emission of Dy3+. Colloidal hybrids were prepared by mixing a suspension of the nanosheets of DS−‐LDyHs, DS−‐LEuHs and DS−‐LTbHs to achieve color‐tuning in the white‐light region under excitations at 284, 318, and 377 nm.
CeCl3⋅7H2O‐NaI Promoted Regioselective Sulfenylation of Indoles with Sulfonylhydrazides
Authors: Nookaraju U. , Begari Eeshwaraiah , Yetra Ravikiran Reddy , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA simple and highly efficient method has been developed for the regioselective sulfenylation of a wide variety of indoles with alkyl and aryl sulfonylhydrazides as a sulphur source and CeCl3⋅7H2O‐NaI as an inexpensive and readily available reagent system. This method involves the breaking of sulfur–oxygen and sulfur–nitrogen bonds and making of carbon‐sulfur bond. The method provides high yields of the products with enhanced regioselectivity. We studied the reactivity of various electron rich and electron deficient indoles towards the sulfenylation reaction. The indoles containing electron donating group reacts fast towards the sulfenylation reaction as compared to the indoles containing electron withdrawing groups. More over functional groups like alkoxy, aryloxy, bromo, nitro, cyano, ester, were well tolerated under the established reaction conditions. We also proposed a plausible mechanism for this transformation. The experimental simplicity and environmentally benign nature of the reagent system makes this method an attractive alternative to established methods.
Delay Between Onset of Symptoms and Surgery in Acute Appendicitis Increases Perioperative Morbidity: A Prospective Study
Authors: Saar Sten , Talving Peep , Laos Juhan , Põdramägi Taavi , Sokirjanski Maksim , Lustenberger Thomas , Lam Lydia , Lepner Urmas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground
Despite significant progress in surgery, controversy persists about timing of appendectomy. Objective of this prospective observational study was to determine associations between time interval from onset of symptoms in appendicitis to appendectomy and postoperative complications.MethodsAfter institutional review board approval, all adult consecutive patients subjected to emergency appendectomy between 1/9/2013 and 1/12/2014 were prospectively enrolled. Data collection included demographics, open vs. laparoscopic appendectomy, comprehensive complication index (CCI), and 30‐day follow‐up. To determine time‐dependent associations between delay of surgery and complications all patients were stratified into subgroups based on 12‐h time intervals from onset of abdominal pain to surgery. Primary outcome was complications per CCI in correlation to delay from symptoms to appendectomy. Secondary outcomes included duration of surgery, hospital length of stay (HLOS), and incidence of complication within 30‐day follow‐up.ResultsA total of 266 patients with a mean age of 35.4 ± 14.8 years met inclusion criteria. Overall, 83.1 % of patients were subjected to laparoscopic appendectomy. Delay to surgery in 12‐h increments showed stepwise‐adjusted increase in complications per CCI (adj. P = 0.037). Also, delay to appendectomy increased significantly duration of surgery and HLOS, respectively (adj. P < 0.001 and adj. P < 0.001). Overall, 5.7 % of patients developed a surgical site infection after hospital discharge.ConclusionExtended time interval from the onset of initial symptoms to appendectomy is associated with increased complications per CCI, duration of surgery, and HLOS in acute appendicitis. Prompt appendectomy in acute appendicitis is warranted.
OPTIMAL DIVIDEND AND REINSURANCE STRATEGIES WITH FINANCING AND LIQUIDATION VALUE
Authors: Yao Dingjun , Yang Hailiang , Wang Rongming 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study investigates a combined optimal financing, reinsurance and dividend distribution problem for a big insurance portfolio. A manager can control the surplus by buying proportional reinsurance, paying dividends and raising money dynamically. The transaction costs and liquidation values at bankruptcy are included in the risk model. Under the objective of maximising the insurance company's value, we identify the insurer's joint optimal strategies using stochastic control methods. The results reveal that managers should consider financing if and only if the terminal value and the transaction costs are not too high, less reinsurance is bought when the surplus increases or dividends are always distributed using the barrier strategy.
Of Corporations, Courts, Personhood, and Morality
Authors: Blair Margaret M. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT:Since the dawn of capitalism, corporations have been regarded by the law as separate legal “persons.” Corporate “personhood” has nonetheless remained controversial, and our understanding of corporate personhood often influences our thinking about the social responsibilities of corporations. This essay, written in honor of Prof. Thomas Donaldson, explores the tension in recent decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court and the Delaware Chancery Court about what corporations are, whose interests they serve, and who gets to make decisions about what they do. These decisions suggest that the law does not unequivocally support Donaldson’s vision of corporations as “moral” persons.
Influence of “traveling” youth and substance use behaviors in the social networks of homeless youth
Authors: YOUNG UM MEE , RICE ERIC , RHOADES HARMONY , WINETROBE HAILEY , BRACKEN NATALIE 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTraveling homeless youth (i.e., youth who migrate from city to city, after a short period of time) exhibit elevated levels of risky substance use behaviors compared to non-traveling youth. Using sociometric data, we examined the characteristics of homeless youth who are connected to at least one traveler and how at least one connection to travelers was associated with substance use of travelers and non-travelers. Data were collected from 386 homeless youth at two drop-in centers in Los Angeles, CA. Results indicated that, comparing to what would be expected by chance, youth who reported at least one connection to travelers were more likely to use substances, more travelers reported at least one tie to another traveler, and more substance-using travelers reported at least one tie to other substance-using travelers. Multivariate analyses revealed that binge drinking and marijuana use were associated with homeless youth reporting connections to at least one substance-using traveler. Injection drug use was associated with reporting at least one connection to an injection drug user, regardless of traveler status, once we controlled for demographic characteristics and traveler status. We suggest the need for substance-using traveler-specific services using brief one-on-one interventions to prevent further engagement in risky substance use.
Glue ear: how good is the information on the World Wide Web?
Authors: Ritchie L , Tornari C , Patel P M , Lakhani R 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjective:This paper objectively evaluates current information available to the general public related to glue ear on the World Wide Web.Methods:The term ‘glue ear’ was typed into the 3 most frequently used internet search engines – Google, Bing and Yahoo – and the first 20 links were analysed. The first 400 words of each page were used to calculate the Flesch–Kincaid readability score. Each website was subsequently graded using the Discern instrument, which gauges quality and content of literature.Results:The websites Webmd.boots.com, Bupa.co.uk and Patient.co.uk received the highest overall scores. These reflected top scores in either readability or Discern instrument assessment, but not both. Readability and Discern scores increased with the presence of a marketing or advertising incentive. The Patient.co.uk website had the highest Discern score and third highest readability score.Conclusion:There is huge variation in the quality of information available to patients on the internet. Some websites may be accessible to a wide range of reading ages but have poor quality content, and vice versa. Clinicians should be aware of indicators of quality, and use validated instruments to assess and recommend literature.