bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fledgling calls are a source of social information for conspecific, but not heterospecific, songbird territory selection
Authors: Kelly Janice K. , Schmidt Kenneth A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe choice of breeding territory can strongly affect an individual's fitness. Individuals can use information obtained from social cues emitted by other organisms to assess territory quality when making settlement decisions. Social information sourced from cues indicating the current inhabitants' reproductive success (i.e., performance‐based cues) can be especially valuable as such cues may directly reveal territory quality. We tested social information use in a songbird system using experimental playbacks of Veery (Catharus fuscescens) fledgling calls (evidence of prior nest success) during the postbreeding season. We demonstrated that with year effects considered, Veeries used performance‐based social information available during the postbreeding season to select sites for territory establishment in the following year. During the first year of the study, Veeries occupied a greater proportion of plots with experimental broadcast of fledgling calls relative to control plots, whereas Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla), a coexisting heterospecific ground‐nesting species, did not. Fledgling call treatments did not have carryover effects that influenced Veery settlement decisions during the second year of the study. Ovenbird abundance varied with treatment combinations between years, but evidence indicating a carryover effect was limited. Our results indicate that postbreeding social information may vary among years for both conspecifics and heterospecifics, therefore highlighting the importance of considering year effects in studies on social information use.
Behavioral responses to resource heterogeneity can accelerate biological invasions
Authors: Lutscher Frithjof , Musgrave Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe abundance and spatial distribution of resources in a landscape and the behavioral response of individuals determines whether and how fast an invasive species spreads in an environment. Whether and how landscape manipulations can be used to slow invasive species is of great interest, in particular in forest ecosystems, where tree removal, thinning, and increasing tree diversity are discussed as management options. Classically, the focus is on availability and accessibility of resources; more recent considerations include individual‐level behavioral movement responses to a spatially heterogeneous resource distribution. We derive a novel model for insect–host dynamics that includes three common behavioral aspects of foraging: higher movement rate in resource‐poor areas, lower ovipositioning rate in resource‐poor areas, and movement preference for resource‐rich areas. We show that each of these basic mechanisms can increase the speed of invasion in a source–sink landscape above that in a homogeneous landscape with larger overall resource availability. We parameterize our model and illustrate our results with data for emerald ash borer, a recent highly destructive forest pest in North America. Our results highlight the importance of empirical work on movement behavior in different landscape types and near the interface between types.
Impaired left ventricular global longitudinal strain in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from the RELAX trial
Authors: DeVore Adam D. , McNulty Steven , Alenezi Fawaz , Ersboll Mads , Vader Justin M. , Oh Jae K. , Lin Grace , Redfield Margaret M. , Lewis Gregory , Semigran Marc J. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Velazquez Eric J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundWhile abnormal left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) has been described in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), its prevalence and clinical significance are poorly understood.Methods and resultsPatients enrolled in the RELAX trial of sildenafil in HFpEF (LV ejection fraction ≥50%) in whom two‐dimensional, speckle‐tracking LV GLS was possible (n = 187) were analysed. The distribution of LV GLS and its associations with clinical characteristics, LV structure and function, biomarkers, exercise capacity and quality of life were assessed. Baseline median LV GLS was −14.6% (25th and 75th percentile, −17.0% and −11.9%, respectively) and abnormal (≥ − 16%) in 122/187 (65%) patients. Patients in the tertile with the best LV GLS had lower N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) [median 505 pg/mL (161, 1065) vs. 875 pg/mL (488, 1802), P = 0.008) and lower collagen III N‐terminal propeptide (PIIINP) levels [median 6.7 µg/L (5.1, 8.1) vs. 8.1 µg/L (6.5, 10.5), P = 0.001] compared with the tertile with the worst LV GLS. There was also a modest linear relationship with LV GLS and log‐transformed NT‐proBNP and PIIINP (r = 0.29, P < 0.001 and r = 0.19, P = 0.009, respectively). We observed no linear association of LV GLS with Minnesota Living with Heart Failure scores, 6‐min walk distance, peak oxygen consumption, or expiratory minute ventilation/carbon dioxide excretion slope.ConclusionsImpaired LV GLS is common among HFpEF patients, indicating the presence of covert systolic dysfunction despite normal LV ejection fraction. Impaired LV GLS was associated with biomarkers of wall stress and collagen synthesis and diastolic dysfunction but not with quality of life or exercise capacity, suggesting other processes may be more responsible for these aspects of the HFpEF syndrome.
Antibacterial activity of jalapeño pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) extract fractions against select foodborne pathogens
Authors: Bacon Karleigh , Boyer Renee , Denbow Cynthia , O'Keefe Sean , Neilson Andrew , Williams Robert 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCapsicum annuum fruits have been investigated for antimicrobial activity in a number of studies. Capsaicin or other cinnamic acid pathway intermediates are often suggested to be the antimicrobial component, however there are conflicting results. No research has specifically fractionated jalapeño pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) extract to isolate and identify compound(s) responsible for inhibition. In this study, fractions were collected from jalapeño pepper extracts using reverse‐phase HPLC and tested for antibacterial activity using the disk diffusion method. Following initial fractionation, two fractions (E and F) displayed antibacterial activity against all three pathogens (p > .05). Commercial standards were screened to determine when they elude and it was found that capsaicin elutes at the same time as fraction E. Fractions E and F were subject to further HPLC fractionation and antibacterial analysis using two methods. The only fraction to display clear inhibition using both was fraction E1, inhibiting the growth of L. monocytogenes. Fraction E1 was analyzed using HPLC‐MS. The resulting mass spectra revealed fraction E1 contained compounds belonging to a group of C. annuum‐specific compounds known as capsianosides. Limited research is available on antibacterial activity of capsianosides, and a pure commercial standard is not available. In order to confirm the potential antimicrobial activity of the compound(s) isolated, methods need to be developed to isolate and purify capsianosides specifically from jalapeño peppers.
Frailty and incident depression in community‐dwelling older people: results from the ELSA study
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Solmi Marco , Maggi Stefania , Noale Marianna , Sergi Giuseppe , Manzato Enzo , Prina A. Matthew , Fornaro Michele , Carvalho André F. , Stubbs Brendon 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveFrailty and pre‐frailty are two common conditions in the older people, but whether these conditions could predict depression is still limited to a few longitudinal studies. In this paper, we aimed to investigate whether frailty and pre‐frailty are associated with an increased risk of depression in a prospective cohort of community‐dwelling older people.MethodsFour thousand seventy‐seven community‐dwelling men and women over 60 years without depression at baseline were included from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Frailty status was defined according to modified Fried's criteria (weakness, weight loss, slow gait speed, low physical activity and exhaustion) and categorized as frailty (≥3 criteria), pre‐frailty (1–2 criteria) or robustness (0 criterion). Depression was diagnosed as ≥4 out of 8 points of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, after 2 years of follow‐up.ResultsOver a 2‐year follow‐up, 360 individuals developed depression. In a logistic regression analysis, adjusted for 18 potential baseline confounders, pre‐frailty (odds ratio (OR) = 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54–1.46; p = 0.64) and frailty (OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 0.90–1.64; p = 0.21) did not predict the onset of depression at follow‐up. Among the criteria included in the frailty definition, only slow gait speed (OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.00–3.32; p = 0.05) appeared to predict a higher risk of depression.ConclusionsAmong older community dwellers, frailty and pre‐frailty did not predict the onset of depression during 2 years of follow‐up, when accounting for potential confounders, whilst slow gait speed considered alone may predict depression in the older people. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Design of Drip Irrigation System using Water and Fertilizer Application Uniformity at Different Operating Pressures in a Semi‐Arid Region of India
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Kumar Rohitashw , Rajput T.B.S. , Patel Neelam 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPerformance evaluation of irrigation has been an important area of research for better management of water resources. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of drip lateral lengths and system operating pressures on water and fertilizer application uniformity at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India. The following parameters of nutrients and water were studied to design and evaluate the performance of drip irrigation systems: (i) uniformity coefficient; (ii) discharge variation; (iii) distribution uniformity; (iv) statistical uniformity. Drip‐line lengths and system operating pressures (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) significantly affect the different parameters of fertilizer and water application. The highest values of uniformity coefficient (99.2%), statistical uniformity (99.2%) and distribution uniformity (97.4%) for irrigation water were observed at a pressure of 1.5 kg cm−2 with a 25 m long drip‐line. Lower values of discharge variation (2.65%) and coefficient of variation (0.04) were observed at the same operating pressure (1.5 kg cm−2) and drip‐line length. However, the lowest value of the uniformity coefficient (88.1%), statistical uniformity (93.7%) and distribution uniformity (93.2%) for irrigation water were recorded at 0.5 kg cm−2 pressure with a 100 m long drip‐line length. The highest values of urea, potassium and phosphorus distribution uniformity were found to be 97.8, 97.1 and 98.2%, respectively, at 1.5 kg cm−2 pressure with 25 m long drip‐line, and lower values of urea, potassium and phosphorus distribution uniformity (93.1, 92.6 and 93.2%, respectively) were recorded at 0.5 kg cm−2 pressure with a 100 m long drip‐line. Water and fertilizer distribution uniformity decreased with increase in drip‐line length, and increased with increase in system operating pressure. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanophase bone substitute for craniofacial load bearing application: Pilot study in the rodent
Authors: Baskin Jonathan Z. , Soenjaya Yohannes , McMasters James , Ko Alvin , Vasanji Amit , Morris Nathan , Eppell Steven J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn exploratory pilot study shows that a rodent mandibular defect model is useful in determining the biological response to a nanophase collagen/apatite composite designed as a biomimetic load‐bearing bone substitute. Using a critical size defect, eight groups of rats (n = 3) were implanted with four renditions of the nanophase bone substitute (NBS) biomaterial. Each rendition was tested with and without recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). NBS biomaterial renditions were: baseline, hyper‐densified,d‐ribose crosslinked, andd‐ribose crosslinked and hyper‐densified. Biological outcomes were assessed surgically, radiologically, and histologically. With the limited power available due to the small N's involved, some interesting hypotheses were generated that will be more fully investigated in future studies. BMP2 loaded NBS, when uncrosslinked, resulted in robust bone formation in the entire defect volume (regardless of porosity). Unloaded NBS were well tolerated but did not cause significant new bone formation in the defect volume. Densification alone had little effect onin vivoperformance. Crosslinking thwarted implant uptake of BMP2 and resulted in fibrous encapsulation. It is concluded that the nanophase bone substitute is well tolerated in this bone defect model. When loaded with BMP2, implantation resulted in complete bony healing and defect closure with implant density (porosity) having little effect on bone healing or remodeling. Without BMP2 the biomaterial did not result in defect closure. Crosslinking, necessary to increase mechanical properties in an aqueous environment, disrupts osteointegration and BMP2 uptake. Alternate implant fabrication strategies will be necessary to achieve an improved balance between material strength and osteointegration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 520–532, 2018.
Image formation in diffusion MRI: A review of recent technical developments
Authors: Wu Wenchuan , Miller Karla L. 
Published: February 2017

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a standard imaging tool in clinical neurology, and is becoming increasingly important for neuroscience studies due to its ability to depict complex neuroanatomy (eg, white matter connectivity). Single‐shot echo‐planar imaging is currently the predominant formation method for diffusion MRI, but suffers from blurring, distortion, and low spatial resolution. A number of methods have been proposed to address these limitations and improve diffusion MRI acquisition. Here, the recent technical developments for image formation in diffusion MRI are reviewed. We discuss three areas of advance in diffusion MRI: improving image fidelity, accelerating acquisition, and increasing the signal‐to‐noise ratio.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:646–662
Diffusion tensor imaging of the anterior cruciate ligament graft
Authors: Van Dyck Pieter , Froeling Martijn , De Smet Eline , Pullens Pim , Torfs Michaël , Verdonk Peter , Sijbers Jan , Parizel Paul M. , Jeurissen Ben 
Published: February 2017

PurposeA great need exists for objective biomarkers to assess graft healing following ACL reconstruction to guide the time of return to sports. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to delineate the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft and to investigate its diffusion properties using a clinical 3T scanner.Materials and MethodsDTI of the knee (b = 0, 400, and 800 s/mm2, 10 diffusion directions, repeated 16 times for a total of 336 diffusion‐weighted volumes) was performed at 3T in 17 patients between 3 and 7 months (mean, 4 months) following ACL reconstruction. Tractography was performed by two independent observers to delineate the ACL graft. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were calculated within the graft. Interrater reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the scan–rescan reproducibility was evaluated based on the percentage coefficient of variance (%CV) across 20 repetition bootknife samples.ResultsIn all subjects, tractography of the ACL graft was feasible. Quantitative evaluation of the diffusion properties of the ACL graft yielded the following mean ± SD values: FA = 0.23 ± 0.04; MD = 1.30 ± 0.11 × 10−3 mm2/s; AD = 1.61 ± 0.12 × 10−3 mm2/s, and RD = 1.15 ± 0.11 × 10−3 mm2/s. Interrater reliability for the DTI parameters was excellent (ICC = 0.91–0.98). Mean %CVs for FA, MD, AD, and RD were 4.6%, 3.5%, 3.7%, and 4.4%, respectively.ConclusionWe demonstrated the feasibility and reliability of DTI for the visualization and quantitative evaluation of the ACL graft at 3T.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1423–1432.
Comparative performances of the 7th and the 8th editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging systems for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Spolverato Gaya , Bagante Fabio , Weiss Matthew , Alexandrescu Sorin , Marques Hugo P. , Aldrighetti Luca , Maithel Shishir K. , Pulitano Carlo , Bauer Todd W. , Shen Feng , Poultsides George A. , Soubrane Oliver , Martel Guillaume , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Guglielmi Alfredo , Itaru Endo , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundWe sought to evaluate and validate the 8th edition of the AJCC classification using a multi‐institutional cohort of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).MethodsPatients undergoing curative‐intent hepatic resection for ICC between 1990 and 2015 at 14 major hepatobiliary centers were included and were staged according to 7th and 8th editions AJCC criteria.ResultsA total of 1154 patients underwent liver resection for ICC. When patients were staged using the AJCC 7th edition, T2a, T2b, and T4 patients had a higher hazard ratio (HR) of death compared with T1 (T2a, HR 1.43, P = 0.004; T2b, HR 1.99, P < 0.001; T4, HR 2.20, P < 0.001). T3 patients had a higher HR of death compared with T1 patients (HR 1.30, P = 0.029) but lower than T2a and T2b. According to AJCC 8th edition, T1b, T2, and T4 patients were at higher risk of death compared with T1a patients (T1b, HR 1.91, P < 0.001; T2, HR 2.29, P < 0.001; T4, HR 4.16, P < 0.001). As in the AJCC 7th edition, AJCC 8th edition T3 patients had a higher HR of death compared with T1 patients (HR 1.65, P  = 0.001) but lower than T1b and T2. AJCC 8th edition. T‐category performed slightly better than AJCC 7th edition with a C‐index of 0.609 versus 0.590.ConclusionsA staging system that perfectly discriminates between stages has not yet been developed, but the AJCC 8th edition was able to better stratify the risk of death of Stage III and T3 patients.
Development of a validated strategy for the determination of tryptamine in human cerebrospinal fluid in the presence of competitors using molecularly imprinted polymers
Authors: Luliński Piotr , Bamburowicz‐Klimkowska Magdalena , Dana Mariusz , Maciejewska Dorota 
Published: February 2017

This study presents a validated strategy for the determination of tryptamine in the presence of its competitors, which involves the molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorimetric detection. Tryptamine‐imprinted microscale sorbent was produced from 4‐vinylbenzoic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in methanol by precipitation polymerization, and its imprinting factor was equal to 15.4 in static experiments or 18.6 in dynamic binding experiments. The method for tryptamine determination in the presence of serotonin and l‐tryptophan was validated using a complex matrix of bovine serum albumin yielding the recoveries of tryptamine that ranged between 98.7 and 107.0%. Very low limits of detection and limits of quantification for tryptamine (19.9 and 60.3 nmol/L, respectively) allow the quantification of tryptamine in human cerebrospinal fluid in the presence of tryptophan and serotonin.
A novel mesocosm setup for benthic‐pelagic coupling experiments
Authors: Dimitriou Panagiotis D. , Papageorgiou Nafsika , Geropoulos Antonios , Kalogeropoulou Vasiliki , Moraitis Manolis , Santi Ioulia , Tsikopoulou Irini , Pitta Paraskevi , Karakassis Ioannis 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA new mesocosm setup containing both water column and sediment suitable for benthic‐pelagic coupling experiments is described. The presence of a large volume of water (>1.5 m3) with sufficient depth (4 m) on the top of the sediment, combined with a large volume of sediment on the bottom (30 cm height, 80 L volume) offers new opportunities for benthic‐pelagic experiments on the mesocosm scale. The experimental setup includes a mesocosm bag, a securing ring with a cap on the top, a sediment container on the bottom, sediment traps, an autonomous water sampling system at specific depths, and a newly developed sediment sampler for collecting samples without disturbing the system. The mesocosm setup was successfully deployed in the context of a benthic‐pelagic coupling eutrophication experiment in the CRETACOSMOS mesocosm facilities of the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research in Crete. A number of variables related to the technical aspects and proper ecosystem functions of the mesocosm setup were monitored throughout the duration of the experiment (58 d), which proved that the proposed setup is suitable for benthic‐pelagic coupling experiments, providing an intermediate experimental tool between small‐scale micro/benthocosm experiments and large scale in situ sea experiments.
Study of the Effects of Intramolecular and Intermolecular Hydrogen‐Bonding Systems on the Polymerization of Amide‐Containing Benzoxazines
Authors: Han Lu , Zhang Kan , Ishida Hatsuo , Froimowicz Pablo 
Published: February 2017

Pure para and ortho position amide benzoxazines, pHBA‐a and oHBA‐a, are synthesized. The hydrogen bonding interactions occurring in pHBA‐a and oHBA‐a are studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. FT‐IR results show that, while pHBA‐a presents intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions, oHBA‐a exhibits an intramolecular five‐membered‐ring hydrogen‐bonding system between the NH in the amide group and the oxygen in the oxazine ring. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to study the thermal properties of the resins and their respective polymers. A deeper understanding of the hydrogen bond interactions in this family of resins is attempted to have better insights on how these systems influence the polymerization behavior not only with respect to the polymerization temperature but also with respect to the propagation step.
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An adaptive model for rapid and direct estimation of extravascular extracellular space in dynamic contrast enhanced MRI studies
Authors: Dehkordi Azimeh N.V. , Kamali‐Asl Alireza , Ewing James R. , Wen Ning , Chetty Indrin J. , Bagher‐Ebadian Hassan 
Published: February 2017

Extravascular extracellular space (ve) is a key parameter to characterize the tissue of cerebral tumors. This study introduces an artificial neural network (ANN) as a fast, direct, and accurate estimator ofvefrom a time trace of the longitudinal relaxation rate, ΔR1(R1 = 1/T1), in DCE‐MRI studies. Using the extended Tofts equation, a set of ΔR1profiles was simulated in the presence of eight different signal to noise ratios. A set of gain‐ and noise‐insensitive features was generated from the simulated ΔR1profiles and used as the ANN training set. AK‐fold cross‐validation method was employed for training, testing, and optimization of the ANN. The performance of the optimal ANN (12:6:1, 12 features as input vector, six neurons in hidden layer, and one output) in estimatingveat a resolution of 10% (error of ±5%) was 82%. The ANN was applied on DCE‐MRI data of 26 glioblastoma patients to estimatevein tumor regions. Its results were compared with the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) ofve. The two techniques showed a strong agreement (r = 0.82,p < 0.0001). Results implied that the perfected ANN was less sensitive to noise and outperformed the MLE method in estimation ofve.