bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insiders Curating Outsider Art
Authors: Risser Rita Elizabeth 
Published: March 2017

AbstractI use the case of outsider art to explore the broad ethical question of benefitting from the vulnerability of others, as well as to clarify the more narrow concerns for curators and museum professionals regarding the ethical reception of morally fraught artworks. Outsider artists are socially marginal, and often vulnerable, individuals. It may seem that curators who collect and display outsider art, as well as audiences who appreciate it, take advantage of this vulnerability. I consider three standard responses to this concern: the requirement of consent for the collection and display of outsider art, curators’ duties to rescue outsider artists from unfortunate circumstances, and the intent to foster dignity for outsider artists. While consent is a standard requirement for the ethical treatment of artists and their artworks, I find that it is not sufficient. As this discussion of outsider art will show, the use of consent must be guided by an intent to foster dignity for the artist.
Combining ability and testcross performance of drought‐tolerant maize inbred lines under stress and non‐stress environments in Kenya
Authors: Ertiro Berhanu T. , Beyene Yoseph , Das Biswanath , Mugo Stephen , Olsen Michael , Oikeh Sylvester , Juma Collins , Labuschagne Maryke , Prasanna Boddupalli M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDrought and poor soil fertility are among the major abiotic stresses affecting maize productivity in sub‐Saharan Africa. Maize breeding efforts at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) have focused on incorporating drought stress tolerance and nitrogen‐use efficiency (NUE) into tropical maize germplasm. The objectives of this study were to estimate the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of selected maize inbred lines under drought stress (DS), low‐nitrogen (LN) and optimum moisture and nitrogen (optimum) conditions, and to assess the yield potential and stability of experimental hybrids under these management conditions. Forty‐nine experimental three‐way cross hybrids, generated from a 7 × 7 line by tester crosses, and six commercial checks were evaluated across 11 optimum, DS and LN sites in Kenya in 2014 using an alpha lattice design with two replicates per entry at each site. DS reduced both grain yield (GY) and plant height (PH), while anthesis–silking interval (ASI) increased under both DS and LN. Hybrids ‘L4/T2’ and ‘L4/T1’ were found to be superior and stable, while inbreds ‘L4’ and ‘L6’ were good combiners for GY and other secondary traits across sites. Additive variance played a greater role for most traits under the three management conditions, suggesting that further progress in the improvement of these traits should be possible. GY under optimum conditions was positively correlated with GY under both DS and LN conditions, but GY under DS and LN was not correlated. Our results suggest the feasibility for simultaneous improvement in grain yield performance of genotypes under optimum, DS and LN conditions.
Why Hope is not a Moral Virtue: Aquinas's Insight
Authors: Bobier Christopher A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThere is a growing consensus among philosophers that hope is a moral virtue: the virtuously hopeful person experiences the right amount of hope for the right things. This moralization of hope presents us with a puzzle. The historical consensus is that hope is a passion and hope is a theological virtue, not a moral virtue. Thomas Aquinas, the philosopher who wrote most extensively on hope, offers an explanation for why hope is not a moral virtue. The aim of this paper is argue that Aquinas is right in thinking that hope is not a moral virtue.1
Validity of the SMS, Phone, and medical staff Examination sports injury surveillance system for time‐loss and medical attention injuries in sports
Authors: Møller M. , Wedderkopp N. , Myklebust G. , Lind M. , Sørensen H. , Hebert J. J. , Emery C. A. , Attermann J. 
Published: March 2017

The accurate measurement of sport exposure time and injury occurrence is key to effective injury prevention and management. Current measures are limited by their inability to identify all types of sport‐related injury, narrow scope of injury information, or lack the perspective of the injured athlete. The aims of the study were to evaluate the proportion of injuries and the agreement between sport exposures reported by the SMS messaging and follow‐up telephone part of the SMS, Phone, and medical staff Examination (SPEx) sports injury surveillance system when compared to measures obtained by trained on‐field observers and medical staff (comparison method). We followed 24 elite adolescent handball players over 12 consecutive weeks. Eighty‐six injury registrations were obtained by the SPEx and comparison methods. Of them, 35 injury registrations (41%) were captured by SPEx only, 10 injury registrations (12%) by the comparison method only, and 41 injury registrations (48%) by both methods. Weekly exposure time differences (95% limits of agreement) between SPEx and the comparison method ranged from −4.2 to 6.3 hours (training) and −1.5 to 1.0 hours (match) with systematic differences being 1.1 hours (95% CI 0.7 to 1.4) and −0.2 (95% CI −0.3 to −0.2), respectively. These results support the ability of the SPEx system to measure training and match exposures and injury occurrence among young athletes. High weekly response proportions (mean 83%) indicate that SMS messaging can be used for player measures of injury consequences beyond time‐loss from sport. However, this needs to be further evaluated in large‐scale studies.
DCL2‐ and RDR6‐dependent transitive silencing of SMXL4 and SMXL5 in Arabidopsis dcl4 mutants causes defective phloem transport and carbohydrate over‐accumulation
Authors: Wu Yu‐Yi , Hou Bo‐Han , Lee Wen‐Chi , Lu Shin‐Hua , Yang Chen‐Jui , Vaucheret Hervé , Chen Ho‐Ming 
Published: March 2017

SummaryDICER‐LIKE (DCL) enzymes process double‐stranded RNA into small RNAs that act as regulators of gene expression. Arabidopsis DCL4 and DCL2 each allow the post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of viruses and transgenes, but primary PTGS‐prone DCL4 outcompetes transitive PTGS‐prone DCL2 in wild‐type plants. This hierarchy likely prevents DCL2 having any detrimental effects on endogenous genes. Indeed, dcl4 mutants exhibit developmental defects and increased sensitivity to genotoxic stress. In this study, the mechanism underlying dcl4 defects was investigated using genetic, biochemical and high‐throughput sequencing approaches. We show that the purple phenotype of dcl4 leaves correlates with carbohydrate over‐accumulation and defective phloem transport, and depends on the activity of SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3, RNA‐DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6 (RDR6) and DCL2. This phenotype correlates with the downregulation of two genes expressed in the apex and the vasculature, SMAX1‐LIKE 4 (SMXL4) and SMXL5, and the accumulation of DCL2‐ and RDR6‐dependent small interfering RNAs derived from these two genes. Supporting a causal effect, smxl4 smxl5 double mutants exhibit leaf pigmentation, enhanced starch accumulation and defective phloem transport, similar to dcl4 plants. Overall, this study elucidates the detrimental action of DCL2 when DCL4 is absent, and indicates that DCL4 outcompeting DCL2 in wild‐type plants is crucial to prevent the degradation of endogenous transcripts by DCL2‐ and RDR6‐dependent transitive PTGS.
Outcomes in necrotizing soft tissue infections treated with therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Saifee Nabiha Huq , Evans Heather L. , Magaret Amalia S. , Hess John R. , Delaney Meghan , O'Keefe Grant E. , Pham Tam N. , Foy Hugh , Bulger Eileen , Pagano Monica B. 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDTreatment of necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) includes prompt surgical debridement and antibiotics, but despite standard care, the morbidity and mortality remain high. Since therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been considered for treatment of severe sepsis, this study evaluates the efficacy of TPE for patients with NSTI.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis is a retrospective study of patients with diagnosis of NSTI who received treatment with and without TPE over an 11‐year period. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality.RESULTSFifty‐two patients with NSTI treated with TPE (TPE group) and 125 patients with NSTI not treated with TPE (non‐TPE group) were assessed. Nineteen (36.5%) patients died in the TPE group, and 35 (28%) patients died in the non‐TPE group. Within the TPE group, there was significant improvement in white blood cell (WBC) count and sodium levels 7 days after TPE treatment, but no improvement in creatinine. Inverse probability weighting based on propensity scores was used to compare survival in the TPE and non‐TPE groups and demonstrated that TPE was associated with an increased odds of death (odds ratio, 2.8). A second analysis matched for six variables yielded 31 pairs and demonstrated no significant difference in mortality or length of stay.CONCLUSIONSThis study describes the largest series of patients with NSTIs treated with TPE and showed no evidence of clinical benefit. Further carefully designed studies with meaningful clinical endpoints would prove useful in assessing reproducibility and determining if there is a role for TPE in other forms of severe sepsis.
Experiences of family-staff relationships in the care of people with dementia in residential aged care: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Nguyen Mynhi , Beattie Elizabeth , Fielding Elaine , Hines Sonia , Pachana Nancy A. 
Published: March 2017

Review question/objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to identify, critically appraise and synthesize the best available literature regarding experiences and perceptions of family-staff relationships in the care of people with dementia living in residential aged care facilities.
More specifically, the objectives are to identify family caregiver and healthcare staff experiences and perceptions of their own and each other's roles and responsibilities and the characteristics that facilitate or hinder a constructive family-staff relationship.
Experiences of parents and carers in managing asthma in children: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Fawcett Robyn , Porritt Kylie , Campbell Jared , Carson Kristin 
Published: March 2017

Review question/objective:The overarching objective of this review is to enhance understanding of the lived experiences of parents and carers in managing a child with asthma. Enablers and barriers encountered by parents will be examined and findings of the review will be used to develop recommendations for enhancing policy and practice aimed at improving asthma management for children and their families.The specific objective of this review is to critically appraise and synthesize the best available evidence based on qualitative studies exploring the experiences of parents and carers in managing their child's asthma.The primary question to be addressed is:What are the lived experiences of parents and carers when caring for a child with asthma?Secondary questions to be addressed include:What barriers exist for parents and carers in managing their child's asthma?What enablers exist for parents and carers in managing their child's asthma?
A Reaffirmation of Fracture Toughness Requirements for ASME Section VIII Vessels for Service Temperatures Colder Than 77 K
Authors: Sampath Krishnaswamy , Drube Thomas , Rana Mahendra 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
To assure adequate fracture resistance of cryogenic pressure vessels designed to operate at a minimum design metal temperature (MDMT) colder than 77 K (−196 °C or −320 °F), current American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code, Section VIII, Division 1, UHA-51 Impact Test rule requires that the weld metal (WM) meets or exceeds 0.53 mm (21 mils) lateral expansion at 77 K, i.e., LE77K ≥ 0.53 mm (21 mils), as determined using Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact testing. To the credit of this rule, cryogenic pressure vessels fabricated to date meeting the above requirement had continued to serve well—without any adverse incident—in numerous applications across the world, at cryogenic temperatures colder than 77 K. However, a critical examination of the underlying research which relied on a regression equation relating ratio of fracture toughness to yield strength obtained at 4 K, i.e., [KIc/YS]4K with LE77K, revealed that the technical basis for establishing the above requirement is metallurgically unsustainable. To successfully overcome this, the present research employed dimensional analysis and balancing of the previously published regression equations and proposed [KIc/YS]277K as a valid fracture resistance parameter applicable for MDMT 77 K and warmer, as well as MDMT colder than 77 K. Related efforts offered equivalent fracture resistance as an insightful concept, wherein the minimum fracture resistance parameter for a MDMT colder than 77 K is equated as a simple multiple of the minimum fracture resistance parameter at 77 K MDMT. Concluding efforts applied numerical analysis to the equivalent fracture resistance equation to reaffirm the current minimum 0.53 mm (21 mils) CVN LE77K requirement for WM when MDMT is colder than 77 K and to identify minimum required [KIc/YS]277K values for cryogenic service at MDMT 77 K and warmer, and MDMT colder than 77 K. Inherently, the use of [KIc/YS]277K as a fracture resistance parameter offers a tremendous benefit to cryogenic equipment manufacturers, particularly in schedule and cost savings, as LE, KIc, and YS measured at 77 K can be used to successfully assess the fracture resistance at MDMT 77 K and warmer, as well as MDMT colder than 77 K.
Paritaprevir and Ritonavir Liver Concentrations in Rats as Assessed by Different Liver Sampling Techniques
Authors: Venuto Charles S. , Markatou Marianthi , Woolwine-Cunningham Yvonne , Furlage Rosemary , Ocque Andrew J. , DiFrancesco Robin , Dumas Emily O. , Wallace Paul K. , Morse Gene D. , Talal Andrew H. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

The liver is crucial to pharmacology, yet substantial knowledge gaps exist in the understanding of its basic pharmacologic processes. An improved understanding for humans requires reliable and reproducible liver sampling methods. We compared liver concentrations of paritaprevir and ritonavir in rats by using samples collected by fine-needle aspiration (FNA), core needle biopsy (CNB), and surgical resection. Thirteen Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated, nine of which received paritaprevir/ritonavir at 30/20 mg/kg of body weight by oral gavage daily for 4 or 5 days. Drug concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on samples collected via FNA (21G needle) with 1, 3, or 5 passes (FNA
1
, FNA
3
, and FNA
5
); via CNB (16G needle); and via surgical resection. Drug concentrations in plasma were also assessed. Analyses included noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis and use of Bland-Altman techniques. All liver tissue samples had higher paritaprevir and ritonavir concentrations than those in plasma. Resected samples, considered the benchmark measure, resulted in estimations of the highest values for the pharmacokinetic parameters of exposure (maximum concentration of drug in serum [
C
max
] and area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h [AUC
0–24
]) for paritaprevir and ritonavir. Bland-Altman analyses showed that the best agreement occurred between tissue resection and CNB, with 15% bias, followed by FNA
3
and FNA
5
, with 18% bias, and FNA
1
and FNA
3
, with a 22% bias for paritaprevir. Paritaprevir and ritonavir are highly concentrated in rat liver. Further research is needed to validate FNA sampling for humans, with the possible derivation and application of correction factors for drug concentration measurements.
Study protocol to investigate the environmental and genetic aetiology of atopic dermatitis: the Indonesian Prospective Study of Atopic Dermatitis in Infants (ISADI)
Authors: Tanjung Conny , Rzehak Peter , Mansyur Muchtaruddin , Munasir Zakiudin , Sudoyo Herawati , Immanuel Suzanna , Irawan Roedi , Reischl Eva , Demmelmair Hans , Koletzko Berthold , Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki , Sjarif Damayanti Rusli 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionAtopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common skin disorder in young children worldwide, with a high impact on morbidity and quality of life. To date, no prospective study has been published on the incidence and potential predictors of AD in South East Asian populations. The Indonesian Prospective Study of Atopic Dermatitis in Infants (ISADI) will address the genetic, metabolic and dietary characteristics of mothers and their offspring, as well as potential determinants of AD within the first year of infant life.Methods and analysisThis prospective study will be undertaken in about 400 infants to investigate the direct and indirect effects of filaggrin (FLG) gene mutations, the genetic variants ofFADS1,FADS2andFADS3and the role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on the development of AD. We will use standardised protocols for subject recruitment, umbilical artery plasma analysis, buccal cell sampling for genotyping, fatty acid analysis, physical exams, 3-day food-intake recall of mothers and children, as well as comprehensive questionnaires on environmental, socioeconomic and AD-related factors, including family history. Monthly monitoring by telephone and physical exams every 3 months will be carried out to assess participants' anthropometry, medical history and incidence of AD diagnosis during the first year of life. Hypotheses-driven analyses of quality-controlled dietary, genetic and metabolic data will be performed with state-of-the-art statistical methods (eg, AD-event history, haplotype, dietary or metabolic factor analysis). Direct and indirect effects of genetics and LCPUFA in buccal cell and cord plasma glycerophospholipids as potential mediators of inflammation on AD development will be evaluated by path analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe Permanent Medical Research Ethics Committee in Medicine and Health/Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (No. 47/H2.F1/ETIK/2014) approved the study protocol (extended by the letter no. 148/UN2.F1/ETIK/2015). We aim to disseminate our findings via publication in an international journal with high impact factor.
Potential determinants of vitamin D in Finnish adults: a cross-sectional study from the Northern Finland birth cohort 1966
Authors: Palaniswamy Saranya , Hyppönen Elina , Williams Dylan M , Jokelainen Jari , Lowry Estelle , Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi Sirkka , Herzig Karl-Heinz , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Sebert Sylvain 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveEvidence from randomised controlled trials suggests that vitamin D may reduce multimorbidity, but very few studies have investigated specific determinants of vitamin D2 and D3 (two isoforms of 25-hydroxyvitamin D). The aim of the study was to investigate the determinants of vitamin D2 and D3 and to identify the risk factors associated with hypovitaminosis D.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNorthern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.Participants2374 male and 2384 female participants with data on serum 25(OH)D2and 25(OH)D3concentrations measured at 31 years of age (1997), together with comprehensive measures of daylight, anthropometric, social, lifestyle and contraceptive cofactors.MethodsWe assessed a wide range of potential determinants prior to a nationwide fortification programme introduced in Finland. The determinants of 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3and 25(OH)D concentrations were analysed by linear regression and risk factors for being in lower tertile of 25(OH)D concentration by ordinal logistic regression.ResultsAt the time of sampling, 72% of the participants were vitamin D sufficient (≥50 nmol/L). Low sunlight exposure period (vs high) was associated positively with 25(OH)D2and negatively with 25(OH)D3concentrations. Use of oral contraceptives (vs non-users) was associated with an increase of 0.17 nmol/L (95% CI 0.08 to 0.27) and 0.48 nmol/L (95% CI 0.41 to 0.56) in 25(OH)D2and 25(OH)D3concentrations. Sex, season, latitude, alcohol consumption and physical activity were the factors most strongly associated with 25(OH)D concentration. Risk factors for low vitamin D status were low sunlight exposure defined by time of sampling, residing in northern latitudes, obesity, higher waist circumference, low physical activity and unhealthy diet.ConclusionsWe demonstrate some differential associations of environmental and lifestyle factors with 25(OH)D2and 25(OH)D3raising important questions related to personalised healthcare. Future strategies could implement lifestyle modification and supplementation to improve vitamin D2 and D3 status, accounting for seasonal, lifestyle, metabolic and endocrine status.
Effectiveness of a cough management algorithm at the transitional phase from acute to chronic cough in Australian children aged <15 years: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: O'Grady Kerry-Ann F , Grimwood Keith , Toombs Maree , Sloots Theo P , Otim Michael , Whiley David , Anderson Jennie , Rablin Sheree , Torzillo Paul J , Buntain Helen , Connor Anne , Adsett Don , Meng kar Oon , Chang Anne B 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionAcute respiratory infections (ARIs) are leading causes of hospitalisation in Australian children and, if recurrent, are associated with increased risk of chronic pulmonary disorders later in life. Chronic (>4 weeks) cough in children following ARI is associated with decreased quality-of-life scores and increased health and societal economic costs. We will determine whether a validated evidence-based cough algorithm, initiated when chronic cough is first diagnosed after presentation with ARI, improves clinical outcomes in children compared with usual care.Methods and analysisA multicentre, parallel group, open-label, randomised controlled trial, nested within a prospective cohort study in Southeast Queensland, Australia, is underway. 750 children aged <15 years will be enrolled and followed weekly for 8 weeks after presenting with an ARI with cough. 214 children from this cohort with persistent cough at day 28 will be randomised to either early initiation of a cough management algorithm or usual care (107 per group). Randomisation is stratified by reason for presentation, site and total cough duration at day 28 (<6 and ≥6 weeks). Demographic details, risk factors, clinical histories, examination findings, cost-of-illness data, an anterior nasal swab and parent and child exhaled carbon monoxide levels (when age appropriate) are collected at enrolment. Weekly contacts will collect cough status and cost-of-illness data. Additional nasal swabs are collected at days 28 and 56. The primary outcome is time-to-cough resolution. Secondary outcomes include direct and indirect costs of illness and the predictors of chronic cough postpresentation.Ethics and disseminationThe Children's Health Queensland (HREC/15/QRCH/15) and the Queensland University of Technology University (1500000132) Research Ethics Committees have approved the study. The study will inform best-practice management of cough in children.Trial registration numberACTRN12615000132549.