bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity, Safety, and Persistence Induced by Triple- and Standard-Strength 4-Dose Hepatitis B Vaccination Regimens in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis
Authors: Yao Tian , Li Yandi , Zhang Yidan , Sun Yangle , Guo Yana , Wang Jianmin , Song Xiaohui , Zhang Wei , Wei Baozhu , Bai Jingen , Wang Hui , Yu Weimin , Wang Huiyuan , Jiao Lu , Diao Yinqiang , Liu Liming , Shi Shuaishuai , Yang Jie , Ren Xiaojun , Liu Wenyuan , Fang Jingai , Liang Xiaofeng , Wang Suping , Feng Yongliang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients receiving hemodialysis represent a high-risk group for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It is crucial to administer hepatitis B vaccination and stimulate higher and more sustained levels of hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti -HBs). Our aim is to enhance the immunogenicity and persistence by implementing high-dose and prolonged hepatitis B vaccine schedules in patients receiving hemodialysis.

Methods
We conducted this multicenter, randomized, parallel-controlled trial between July 2020 and February 2023 at 11 hospitals in Shanxi province, China. A total of 504 patients receiving hemodialysis were enrolled. All participants were randomly allocated in a ratio of 1:1:1 to receive recombinant HBV vaccine of 3 standard doses (20 μg) at 0, 1, and 6 months (IM20 × 3 group), 4 standard doses at 0, 1, 2, and 6 months (IM20 × 4 group), or 4 triple doses (60 μg) at 0, 1, 2, and 6 months (IM60 × 4 group).

Results
The vaccine-elicited antibody response peaked at month 7. The follow-up from month 7 to 30 revealed that response rates of anti-HBs decreased from 85.9% (134/156) to 33.0% (33/100) in IM20 × 3 group, from 92.5% (135/146) to 53.9% (56/104) in IM20 × 4 group, and from 95.4% (145/152) to 57.3% (55/96) in IM60 × 4 group. The duration of vaccine-induced response with 75% of patients maintained protective antibodies were 21.0 months in IM20 × 3 group, 25.7 months in IM20 × 4 group (vs IM20 × 3 group, P = .056), and 29.2 months in IM60 × 4 group (vs IM20 × 3 group, P = .034). All the adverse reactions were mild.

Conclusions
The triple-strength 4-dose hepatitis B vaccination regimens could enhance the immunogenicity and 2-year duration in patients receiving hemodialysis.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03962881.
Insecticide susceptibility in a planthopper pest increases following inoculation with cultured Arsenophonus
Authors: Cai Tingwei , Nadal-Jimenez Pol , Gao Yuanyuan , Arai Hiroshi , Li Chengyue , Su Chunyan , King Kayla C , He Shun , Li Jianhong , Hurst Gregory D D , Wan Hu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Facultative vertically transmitted symbionts are a common feature of insects that determine many aspects of their hosts’ phenotype. Our capacity to understand and exploit these symbioses is commonly compromised by the microbes unculturability and consequent lack of genetic tools, an impediment of particular significance for symbioses of pest and vector species. Previous work had established that insecticide susceptibility of the economically important pest of rice, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, was higher in field-collected lineages that carry Ca. Arsenophonus nilaparvatae. We established Ca. A. nilaparvatae into cell-free culture and used this to establish the complete closed genome of the symbiont. We transformed the strain to express GFP and reintroduced it to N. lugens to track infection in vivo. The symbiont established vertical transmission, generating a discrete infection focus towards the posterior pole of each N. lugens oocyte. This infection focus was retained in early embryogenesis before transition to a diffuse somatic infection in late N. lugens embryos and nymphs. We additionally generated somatic infection in novel host species, but these did not establish vertical transmission. Transinfected planthopper lines acquired the insecticide sensitivity trait, with associated downregulation of the P450 xenobiotic detoxification system of the host. Our results causally establish the role of the symbiont in increasing host insecticide sensitivity with implications for insecticide use and stewardship. Furthermore, the culturability and transformation of this intracellular symbiont, combined with its ease of reintroduction to planthopper hosts, enables novel approaches both for research into symbiosis and into control of insect pest species.
Alliances and Civil War Intervention
Authors: Johnson Jesse C , Leeds Brett Ashley , Savun Burcu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Governments have a number of structural advantages over rebel groups in civil wars, one of which is their greater ability to make credible international commitments. Governments can use foreign policy commitments to incentivize other states to provide them military support or deny support to their rebel groups. We analyze international intervention in civil conflicts between 1975 and 2017 and find that some kinds of alliances are associated with pro-government intervention, but all alliances are not equal. Alliances with consultation commitments are associated with interventions that provide materiel, training, intelligence, and/or other forms of non-troop support, while defense pacts are associated with both troop and non-troop support. Members of nonaggression and neutrality pacts are not more likely to intervene to support the government but are less likely to provide support to anti-government forces. We argue that alliances are not simply proxies for common interests; they sometimes involve specific bargains designed to aid a government in defeating rebels. Our evidence suggests that these agreements are successful at incentivizing the intended behavior. Governments use international security policy to protect the status quo domestically as well as internationally, and this affects our understanding both of civil wars and of alliance politics.
Transnationalism and Populist Networks in a Digital Era: Canada and the Freedom Convoy
Authors: Boucher Jean-Christophe , Rutherglen Lauren , Kim So Youn 
Published: October 2024

Abstracts
The growth and success of right-wing populist movements globally has been remarkable since the early 2010s. Indeed, populist parties in Europe, Asia, Latin America, and North America have received tremendous electoral success, shaping a movement for the people and by the people within the political sphere. To what extent do populist movements influence other such programs across national borders? Research has suggested that globalization has facilitated the spread of populist ideology. Transnational populism emphasizes the “people” as a “horizontal, membership-based collective with membership premised on an in/out logic between nations, allowing populist national movements to engage and share a global ideological program. This paper seeks to understand and measure to what extent populism has become a transnational movement and identify how populism moves across national borders through online political participation. To explore this question, we collected over 6.7 million digital trace data on X/Twitter during Canada’s January–February 2022 Freedom Convoy movement. Receiving support from thousands of citizens, the Freedom Convoy revealed the ability of populist ideology to move aimlessly across international borders. We used a deep-learning model applied to text analysis to implement a classification task to measure populist narratives during the movement.
Point-of-care tests to manage acute respiratory tract infections in primary care: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of healthcare professional and patient views
Authors: Hoste Melanie E , Borek Aleksandra J , Santillo Marta , Roberts Nia , Tonkin-Crine Sarah , Anthierens Sibyl 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To review the evidence on healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) and patients’ views of the use of point-of-care tests (POCTs) in the management of acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in primary care settings.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of studies up to 28 April 2023. We included studies that included qualitative methods and results; focused on HCPs’ and/or patients’ views/experiences of POCTs for acute RTIs; and were conducted in primary care settings. We conducted a thematic synthesis to identify how their views on POCTs and interventions can support test use (PROSPERO registration: CRD42019150347).

Results
We included 33 studies, developing 9 categories each for HCP and patient data. We identified 38 factors affecting POCT use: 28 from HCPs and 10 from patients. Factors exist outside and within consultations, and post-consultations, illustrating that some cannot be addressed by HCPs alone. Fourteen interventions were identified that could address factors and support POCT use, with 7 interventions appearing to address the most factors. Some interventions were beyond the scope of HCPs and patients and needed to be addressed at system and organizational levels. Both groups had mixed views on the use of POCTs and highlighted implementation challenges.

Discussion
This review highlights numerous factors affecting POCT use in primary care. Policy-makers planning to implement POCTs are likely to achieve more by providing multi-faceted interventions that target factors outside, within, and post-consultation. Some interventions may need to be already established before POCT introduction. Whilst evidence beyond general practice is limited, similar factors suggest that similar context-tailored interventions would be appropriate.
B-cell interleukin 1 receptor 1 modulates the female adipose tissue immune microenvironment during aging
Authors: Carey Anna , Pitcher Louise E , Jang In Hwa , Nguyen Katie , Cholensky Stephanie , Robbins Paul D , Camell Christina D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Myeloid cell production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) drives inflammaging in visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) and contributes to the expansion of interleukin-1 receptor 1 (Il1r1)-positive aged adipose B cells (AABs). AABs promote metabolic dysfunction and inflammation under inflammatory challenges. However, whether IL-1β contributes to AAB-associated inflammation during aging is unclear. Using a B-cell-specific knockout of Il1r1 (BKO mice), we characterized old vWAT in the absence of IL-1β–B-cell signaling. In addition to sex-specific metabolic improvements in females, we identified a reduction in the proportion of B cells and a sex-specific increase in the B1/B2 B-cell ratio in BKO vWAT. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of vWAT immune cells, we observed that BKO differentially affected inflammatory signaling in vWAT immune cells. These data suggest that IL-1β–B-cell signaling supports the inflammatory response in multiple cell types and provides insight into the complex microenvironment in aged vWAT.
Mechanisms of fibrinogen trans-activation of the EGFR/Ca2+ signaling axis to regulate mitochondrial transport and energy transfer and inhibit axonal regeneration following cerebral ischemia
Authors: Zhou Shengqiang , Li Bo , Wu Dahua , Chen Yanjun , Zeng Wen , Huang Jia , Tan Lingjuan , Mao Guo , Liu Fang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ischemic stroke results in inhibition of axonal regeneration but the roles of fibrinogen (Fg) in neuronal signaling and energy crises in experimental stroke are under-investigated. We explored the mechanism of Fg modulation of axonal regeneration and neuronal energy crisis after cerebral ischemia using a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model and primary cortical neurons under low glucose-low oxygen. Behavioral tests assessed neurological deficits; immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western-blot analyzed Fg and protein levels. Fluo-3/AM fluorescence measured free Ca2+ and ATP levels were gauged via specific assays and F560nm/F510nm ratio calculations. Mito-Tracker Green labeled mitochondria and immunoprecipitation studied protein interactions. Our comprehensive study revealed that Fg inhibited axonal regeneration post-MCAO as indicated by reduced GAP43 expression along with elevated free Ca2+, both suggesting an energy crisis. Fg impeded mitochondrial function and mediated impairment through the EGFR/Ca2+ axis by trans-activating EGFR via integrin αvβ3 interaction. These results indicate that the binding of Fg with integrin αvβ3 leads to the trans-activation of the EGFR/Ca2+ signaling axis thereby disrupting mitochondrial energy transport and axonal regeneration and exacerbating the detrimental effects of ischemic neuronal injury.
Deciphering farnesol’s anti-arthritic and immunomodulatory potential by targeting multiple pathways: a combination of network pharmacology guided exploration and experimental verification
Authors: Ahmed Shaimaa R , Uttra Ambreen Malik , Usman Muhammad , Qasim Sumera , Jahan Shah , Roman Muhammad , Khojah Hanan , Hendawy Omnia , Rashwan Eman K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Farnesol (FAR), a sesquiterpene alcohol, has documented FAR’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Current study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and mechanism of FAR in arthritis by employing network pharmacology and experimental models.

Methods
Two experimental models comprising formaldehyde- and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis evaluated the efficacy of FAR in treating arthritis. Various parameters were assessed. Then, a network pharmacology approach was applied to gain further insight into the potential mechanism and signaling pathways.

Key findings
FAR significantly reduced paw volume and the arthritic score and improved the hematological and biochemical changes. Radiographic and histological examination showed the anti-arthritic efficacy of FAR, which was associated with down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators and upregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that FAR may exert its anti-arthritic effects by targeting specific genes associated with arthritis. Pathway analysis revealed the involvement of three key signaling pathways (IL-17 signaling, TNF signaling, and toll-like receptor signaling) in the development and progression of arthritis.

Conclusions
The results pointed out the protective attributes of farnesol against formaldehyde and CFA-induced arthritis via modulation of multiple targets. This study provides a valuable reference for the development of a new treatment or complementary therapy for arthritis.
Investigation of interfractional range variation owing to anatomical changes with beam directions based on water equivalent thickness in proton therapy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kikkawa Yuhei , Ueda Hideaki , Uchinami Yusuke , Katoh Norio , Aoyama Hidefumi , Ito Yoichi M , Yokokawa Kohei , Chen Ye , Matsuura Taeko , Miyamoto Naoki , Takao Seishin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To assess the interfractional anatomical range variations (ARVs) with beam directions and their impact on dose distribution in intensity modulated proton therapy, we analyzed water equivalent thickness (WET) from 10 patients with pancreatic cancer. The distributions of the interfractional WET difference ($\Delta{\mathrm{WET}}^{\theta }$) across 360° were visualized using polar histograms. Interfractional ARVs were evaluated using the mean absolute error and ΔWET pass rate, indicating the percentage of $\Delta \mathrm{WE}{\mathrm{T}}^{\theta }$ &lt; thresholds. The impact on dose distribution in proton therapy was evaluated based on two treatment plans for 40 Gy(RBE)/5 fractions: ‘Plan A’, using two beam angles, in which the target was closest to the body surface among four perpendicular directions; and ‘Plan B’, using two beam angles with small ARVs. Analysis revealed individual variations in angular trends of interfractional ARVs. Three distinct trends were identified: Group 1 exhibited small ARVs around posterior directions; Group 2 exhibited small ARVs except ~60°; Group 3 demonstrated minimal ARVs only ~90°. In dose evaluation, while 150° and 210° were selected in Plan B for 9 out of 10 patients, for the remaining patient, 60° and 90° were chosen. Comparing dose volume histogram parameters for all patients, Plan B significantly reduced target coverage loss while maintaining organ-at-risk sparing comparable to Plan A. These results demonstrated that selecting beam angles with small interfractional ARVs for each patient enhances the robustness of dose distribution, reducing target coverage loss.
MRI-Seed-Wizard: combining deep learning algorithms with magnetic resonance imaging enables advanced seed phenotyping
Authors: Plutenko Iaroslav , Radchuk Volodymyr , Mayer Simon , Keil Peter , Ortleb Stefan , Wagner Steffen , Lehmann Volker , Rolletschek Hardy , Borisjuk Ljudmilla 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Evaluation of relevant seed traits is an essential part of most plant breeding and biotechnology programmes. There is a need for non-destructive, three-dimensional assessment of the morphometry, composition, and internal features of seeds. Here, we introduce a novel tool, MRI-Seed-Wizard, which integrates deep learning algorithms with non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for use in a new domain—plant MRI. The tool enabled in vivo quantification of 23 grain traits, including volumetric parameters of inner seed structure. Several of these features cannot be assessed using conventional techniques, including X-ray computed tomography. MRI-Seed-Wizard was designed to automate the manual processes of identifying, labeling, and analysing digital MRI data. We further provide advanced MRI protocols that allow the evaluation of multiple seeds simultaneously to increase throughput. The versatility of MRI-Seed-Wizard in seed phenotyping is demonstrated for wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains, and it is applicable to a wide range of crop seeds. Thus, artificial intelligence, combined with the most versatile imaging modality, MRI, opens up new perspectives in seed phenotyping and crop improvement.
Voters distrust delayed election results, but a prebunking message inoculates against distrust
Authors: Lockhart Mackenzie , Gaudette Jennifer , Hill Seth J , Kousser Thad , Romero Mindy , Uribe Laura 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Counting and certifying election results in the United States can take days and even weeks following election day. These delays are often linked to distrust in elections but does delay cause distrust? What can election officials do to counteract distrust if counting most ballots and announcing results cannot occur on election night? Using a preregistered survey experiment of nearly 10,000 Americans, this article shows that informing voters about longer-than-expected vote counting time induces a large, significant decrease in trust in the election. However, viewing a “prebunking” video in advance of being informed of the delay in results more than makes up for the delay-induced decrease in election trust. Our findings have two important implications. First, unexpected delays in calling elections induce distrust even without misinformation from third parties. Second, providing voters with information about vote counting and the legitimate reasons for delays increases trust and mitigates the distrust induced by delays.
Association between Histological Composition and Clinical Symptoms in Lumbar Disc Herniation in Different Age Groups
Authors: Kawaguchi Kenichi , Saiwai Hirokazu , Kobayakawa Kazu , Tarukado Kiyoshi , Yokota Kazuya , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Harimaya Katsumi , Kato Go , Nakashima Yasuharu 
Published: October 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective study of prospectively collected data.

Objective.
To investigate the influence of cartilaginous endplates (CEs) in herniated discs on clinical symptoms and postoperative outcomes in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in different age groups.

Summary of Background Data.
LDH involving CEs, which are hard and less resorptive, is frequently observed with increasing age and appears to affect the natural course and clinical outcomes following discectomy.

Methods.
Overall, 239 patients who underwent microscopic discectomy were included. Main outcomes were evaluated using motor strength, visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, and Rolland–Morris Disability Questionnaire. The effects of CEs on clinical variables and postoperative outcomes were compared between two groups (<50 y and ≥50 y). Furthermore, we investigated the characteristics of CE avulsions in each group and examined the association between CE occupancy rate and clinical symptoms.

Results.
CEs were predominantly observed with increasing age and were more frequently detected in patients with Modic changes in both groups (P<0.001). A higher proportion of LDH with a ≥20% occupancy rate was found in patients aged <50 years (P=0.009) and was associated with a decrease in motor strength preoperatively (P=0.007). Postoperative VAS score for low back pain (LBP) was higher in patients with CEs than in those without CEs in the ≥50-year-old group (P<0.001). In multiple regression analysis, the presence of CEs was independently associated with residual LBP at 1 year postoperatively in older patients (β=0.46, P<0.001).

Conclusion.
Avulsion-type herniations in patients aged <50 years had a higher CE occupancy rate, which is a potential cause of preoperative motor weakness. Clinical outcomes following discectomy improved regardless of the presence of CEs, however, cartilaginous herniation in patients aged ≥50 years may affect residual LBP at 1 year.
Association Between Positive Childhood Experiences and Caregiver-Reported ADHD Diagnosis and Severity
Authors: Crouch Elizabeth , Radcliff Elizabeth , Boswell Emma , Brown Monique J. , Hung Peiyin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Little is known about the prevalence of positive childhood experiences (PCEs), a counter to adverse childhood experiences, in children with an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between PCEs and ADHD diagnosis and severity, adjusting for child, family, and household characteristics, using a nationally representative data set.

Methods:
Using the 2020 to 2021 National Survey of Children's Health, our sample included children 6 years of age or older, as this is the age at which PCE questions are asked (n = 56,224). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between PCE type and ADHD diagnosis and severity, controlling for child and household characteristics.

Results:
In multivariable regression analyses, children who had volunteered in their community had lower odds of a reported ADHD diagnosis than children who had not volunteered in their community (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–0.95). Children with a connected caregiver had a lower likelihood of ADHD diagnosis than children without a connected caregiver (aOR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.58–0.74). Children reporting moderate to severe ADHD were less likely to report exposure to any of the 7 PCEs examined, when compared with children reporting mild ADHD.

Conclusion:
The findings from this study can be important for clinicians and families to mitigate the negative social and academic outcomes that children with ADHD may face.