bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family Instability and Young Children's School Adjustment: Callousness and Negative Internal Representations as Mediators
Authors: Coe Jesse L. , Davies Patrick T. , Sturge‐Apple Melissa L. 
Published: March 2017

This study examined the mediating roles of children's callousness and negative internal representations of family relationships in associations between family instability and children's adjustment to school in early childhood. Participants in this multimethod (i.e., survey, observations), multiinformant (i.e., parent, teacher, observer), longitudinal study included 243 preschool children (Mage = 4.60 years) and their families. Findings from the lagged, autoregressive tests of the mediational paths indicated that both children's callousness and negative internal representations of family relationships mediated longitudinal associations between family instability and children's school adjustment problems over a 2‐year period (i.e., the transition from preschool to first grade). Findings are discussed in relation to the attenuation hypothesis (E. J. Susman, 2006) and emotional security theory (EST; P. T. Davies, M. A. Winter, & D. Cicchetti, 2006).
Predicting Adolescents’ Bullying Participation from Developmental Trajectories of Social Status and Behavior
Authors: Pouwels J. Loes , Salmivalli Christina , Saarento Silja , van den Berg Yvonne H. M. , Lansu Tessa A. M. , Cillessen Antonius H. N. 
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study was to determine how trajectory clusters of social status (social preference and perceived popularity) and behavior (direct aggression and prosocial behavior) from age 9 to age 14 predicted adolescents’ bullying participant roles at age 16 and 17 (n = 266). Clusters were identified with multivariate growth mixture modeling (GMM). The findings showed that participants’ developmental trajectories of social status and social behavior across childhood and early adolescence predicted their bullying participant role involvement in adolescence. Practical implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide extracts preserve retinal function and attenuate inner retinal neuronal damage in a mouse model of transient retinal ischaemia
Authors: Yang Di , So Kwok‐Fai , Lo Amy CY 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundRetinal ischaemia is a common feature shared by numerous eye diseases. Ischaemic insult leads to retinal dysfunction and neuronal death. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides are well known for eyesight preservation. We have previously reported the effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on cell death, blood ocular barrier and oxidative stress within 24 h retinal ischaemia. This study focuses on retinal function and looks for ultrastructural and cellular correlates after a relatively long period of reperfusion for 7 days.MethodsTwo‐hour ischaemia was induced by intraluminal occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Either Lycium barbarum polysaccharides or phosphate‐buffered saline was orally pre‐administered daily for 7 days before ischaemia and continued for 1, 3 and 7 days after reperfusion. Electroretinogram was performed to evaluate visual function. Paraffin‐embedded retinal sections were prepared 7 days after reperfusion and utilized for histological and immunohistochemical analyses.ResultsIschaemia led to sustained inhibition of b‐wave amplitude and oscillatory potentials. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide‐treated mice exhibited greater b‐wave and oscillatory potential responses from days 1 to 7 after reperfusion. In addition, increased number of viable cells and calretinin‐positive cells, as well as enhanced immunoreactivity of protein kinase C alpha and attenuated glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, was noted in Lycium barbarum polysaccharide‐treated retina.ConclusionsDaily consumption of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides effectively alleviated ischaemia‐induced retinal dysfunction as well as reduced correlated neuronal death and glial activation. This prolonged effect could last at least 7 days. It suggested that Lycium barbarum polysaccharides might serve as a neuroprotective agent in ischaemic retinopathies.
Randomized clinical trial of ridge preservation using porcine bone/cross‐linked collagen vs. bovine bone/non‐cross‐linked collagen: cone beam computed tomographic analysis
Authors: Lim Hyun‐Chang , Jung Ui‐Won , You Hoon , Lee Jung‐Seok 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to radiographically compare horizontal and vertical alterations of the alveolar ridge after ridge preservation using different combinations of biomaterials.Materials and methodsThe patients were randomly assigned into two groups: (a) the test group, which received collagenated porcine bone plus cross‐linked collagen membrane (n = 15), and (b) the control group, which received collagenated bovine bone plus non‐cross‐linked collagen membrane (n = 15). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed immediately after ridge preservation and 4 months thereafter to compare the horizontal and vertical alterations of the ridge. Intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses were performed.ResultsIn both analyses, there was no statistically significant difference in the horizontal alteration of the alveolar ridge between the test and control groups: −1.3 ± 0.6 (ITT)/1.2 ± 0.5 (PP) vs. −1.5 ± 0.9 mm at the 1‐mm level; −1.2 ± 0.7 (ITT and PP) vs. −1.2 ± 0.7 mm at the 3‐mm level; and −0.9 ± 0.7 (ITT)/ −0.9 ± 0.7 (PP) vs. −0.9 ± 0.9 mm at the 5‐mm level, whereas the vertical height in the midfacial area was significantly reduced in the test group compared with the control group: −‐1.1 ± 2.8 (ITT)/1.5 ± 3.0 (PP) vs. −0.7 ± 1.8 mm.ConclusionsThe horizontal ridge alteration in ridge preservation did not differ significantly between using the test the control groups, but the vertical ridge alteration was more pronounced when using the test group (KCT0001709).
Clinical impact of surveillance colonoscopy using magnification without diminutive polyp removal
Authors: Ninomiya Yuki , Oka Shiro , Tanaka Shinji , Boda Kazuki , Yamashita Ken , Sumimoto Kyoku , Hirano Daiki , Tamaru Yuzuru , Shigita Kenjiro , Hayashi Nana , Matsuo Taiji , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: March 2017

Background and AimIn Western countries, endoscopic removal of all adenomas during colonoscopy is recommended. The present study evaluates the usefulness of magnifying colonoscopy without removal of diminutive (≤5 mm) colorectal polyps.MethodsPatients with diminutive polyps who were observed for over 5 years using magnification at Hiroshima University Hospital were selected retrospectively. Lesions ≥6 mm in size, depressed lesions, and lesions with type V pit pattern were indications for endoscopic resection. We investigated the characteristics of lesions indicated for endoscopic resection detected on surveillance colonoscopy and the risk factors for the incidence of lesions indicated for endoscopic resection.ResultsA total of 706 consecutive patients were enrolled. Sixty‐eight lesions indicated for endoscopic resection were detected, averaging 9.0 ± 4.8 mm, and 33 (49%) lesions were located in the right colon. Pathological diagnoses were adenoma, Tis carcinoma, and T1 carcinoma in 58 (85%), eight (12%), and two (3%) lesions, respectively. Five lesions were considered to grow from previously detected diminutive polyps. Relative risks for the incidence of a lesion indicated for endoscopic resection were 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.004–3.23) for males compared with females, 3.76 (95% CI, 2.03–7.50) for more than three polyps at initial colonoscopy compared with one polyp, and 2.84 (95% CI, 1.43–5.24) for patients with carcinoma at initial colonoscopy compared with patients with no lesion indicated for endoscopic resection. Nine carcinomas were resected endoscopically.ConclusionDiminutive low‐grade adenomas detected by using magnifying colonoscopy may not necessarily require removal.
Prospective evaluation of digital single‐operator cholangioscope for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (with videos)
Authors: Ogura Takeshi , Imanishi Miyuki , Kurisu Yoshitaka , Onda Saori , Sano Tastsushi , Takagi Wataru , Okuda Atsushi , Miyano Akira , Amano Mio , Nishioka Nobu , Yamada Tadahiro , Masuda Daisuke , Takenaka Mamoru , Kitano Masayuki , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: March 2017

Background and AimRecently, the digital single‐operator cholangioscope (SPY‐DS) has become available. This system may allow diagnosis by direct visualization and allow performance of various therapeutic procedures. The aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the clinical utility of DSOCS for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for biliary disease.MethodsTechnical success was defined as successful visualization of target lesions in the biliary tract and carrying out forceps biopsy as a diagnostic procedure, and successfully carrying out treatment such as guidewire insertion for the area of interest, electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL), or migrated stent removal. Also, the present study aimed at investigating diagnostic yield of the cholangioscopic findings and biopsy specimens.ResultsA total of 55 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled in this study; a diagnostic procedure was done in 33 patients, and a therapeutic procedure was done in 22 patients. Overall accuracy of visual findings was 93%, with a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 89%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 83%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. However, the overall accuracy of forceps biopsy was 89%, with a sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of 100%, and NPV of 90%. Overall technical success rate of therapeutic procedures such as selective guidewire insertion, EHL or migrated stent removal was 91% (20/22). Finally, adverse events were seen in two cases in the diagnostic group, but were not seen in the therapeutic group.ConclusionAlthough additional cases and a randomized, controlled study with another cholangioscope are needed, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures using SPY‐DS appear to be feasible and safe.
Challenges faced by physicians when discussing the Type 2 diabetes diagnosis with patients: insights from a cross‐national study (IntroDia®)
Authors: Capehorn M. , Polonsky W. H. , Edelman S. , Belton A. , Down S. , Gamerman V. , Nagel F. , Lee J. , Alzaid A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimsTo investigate physicians’ recalled experiences of their conversations with patients at diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, because physician–patient communication at that time may influence the patient's subsequent self‐care and outcomes.MethodsAs part of a large cross‐national study of physician–patient communication during early treatment of Type 2 diabetes (IntroDia®), we conducted a cross‐sectional survey of physicians treating people with Type 2 diabetes in 26 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, North America and Oceania. The survey battery was designed to evaluate physician experiences during diagnosis conversations as well as physician empathy (measured using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy).ResultsA total of 6753 of 9247 eligible physicians completed the IntroDia® survey (response rate 73.0%). Most respondents (87.5%) agreed that the conversation at diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes impacts the patient's acceptance of the condition and self‐care. However, almost all physicians (98.9%) reported challenges during this conversation. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two related yet distinct types of challenges (r = 0.64, P < 0.0001) associated with either patients (eight challenges, α = 0.87) or the situation itself at diagnosis (four challenges, α = 0.72). There was a significant inverse association between physician empathy and overall challenge burden, as well as between empathy and each of the two types of challenges (all P < 0.0001). Study limitations include reliance on accurate physician recall and inability to assign causality to observed associations.ConclusionsGlobally, most physicians indicated that conversations with patients at diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes strongly influence patient self‐care. Higher physician empathy was associated with fewer challenges during the diagnosis conversation.
Progressive histoplasmosis with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and epithelioid cell granulomatosis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Schulze Arik Bernard , Heptner Britta , Kessler Torsten , Baumgarten Birgit , Stoica Viorelia , Mohr Michael , Wiewrodt Rainer , Warneke Viktoria Susanne , Hartmann Wolfgang , Wüllenweber Jörg , Schülke Christoph , Schäfers Michael , Wilmes Dunja , Becker Karsten , Schmidt Lars Henning , Groll Andreas H. , Berdel Wolfgang E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHistoplasmosis in central Europe is a rare fungal disease with diverse clinical presentations. Apart from acute pulmonary histoplasmosis and involvement of the central nervous system, the most serious clinical presentation is progressive disseminated histoplasmosis which is generally associated with severe immunodeficiency and, in particular, advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. Here, we report on an immunocompetent female residing in a non‐endemic area, presenting with progressive disseminated histoplasmosis after a remote travel history to Thailand and Costa Rica. Diagnosis was delayed by several months due to misinterpretation of epithelioid cell granulomatosis of the intestine as Crohn's disease and of similar lung lesions as acute sarcoidosis. Prompted by clinical deterioration with signs and symptoms consistent with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a bone marrow aspiration was performed that documented hemophagocytosis and intracellular organisms interpreted as Leishmania sp., but later identified by molecular methods as Histoplasma capsulatum. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B followed by posaconazole led to prompt clinical improvement and ultimately cure.
Feeding during the rest phase promotes circadian conflict in nuclei that control energy homeostasis and sleep–wake cycle in rats
Authors: Ramirez‐Plascencia Oscar D. , Saderi Nadia , Escobar Carolina , Salgado‐Delgado Roberto C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFood intake during the rest phase promotes circadian desynchrony, which has been associated with metabolic diseases. However, the link between circadian rhythm and metabolic alterations is not well understood. To investigate this issue, we explored the circadian rhythm of c‐Fos immunoreactivity (IR) in rats fed during the day, during the night or with free access to food for 3 weeks. The analysis was focused on the hypothalamic nuclei, which are interconnected and involved in the control of energy homeostasis and/or arousal: lateral hypothalamus (LH), perifornical area, arcuate, ventrolateral pre‐optic (VLPO) and tuberomammillary nuclei. The results show that food intake during the rest phase flattened the circadian c‐Fos expression in the LH and perifornical area, and induced a phase shift in the VLPO area. In addition, c‐Fos expression was analyzed in the orexin and melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons of the LH, which are involved in the control of food intake and arousal, and in α‐melanin‐stimulating hormone and neuropeptide Y (NPY) cells in the arcuate nucleus, all of which are involved in feeding–fasting cycles, energy homeostasis and sending projections to the LH. The results indicate that feeding during the rest phase decreased orexin neuron activation in the light in comparison with the other groups. Feeding during this phase also flattened the activity rhythm of MCH and α‐melanin‐stimulating hormone neurons and increased NPY IR when the light was turned on. This evidence indicates that mealtime differentially affected the hypothalamic nuclei under investigation leading to a circadian conflict that might account for metabolic impairment.
Macroinvertebrate community traits and nitrate removal in stream sediments
Authors: Yao Jingmei , Colas Fanny , Solimini Angelo G. , Battin Tom J. , Gafny Sarig , Morais Manuela , Puig María Á. , Martí Eugenia , Pusch Martin T. , Voreadou Catherina , Sabater Francesc , Julien Frédéric , Sánchez‐Pérez José M. , Sauvage Sabine , Vervier Philippe , Gerino Magali 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

In‐stream nitrate removal capacity may be used as a proxy for the ecosystem service of water quality regulation. It is well known that this natural function is driven by abiotic and biotic factors in running water environments. With regard to biotic drivers, most of the literature focuses on the microbial community influences, but there has been very little emphasis on the relationship with the benthic macroinvertebrate community. Since this community feeds on microbial assemblages (autotrophic and/or heterotrophic biofilms) that live on the streambed and in the hyporheic zone of the river, macroinvertebrates also have the potential to influence nitrate removal via its influences on microbiological processes.

The objective of this study was to examine the potential relationship between the macroinvertebrate communities and nitrate removal. A dataset of in‐stream nitrate removal rates measured in nine‐third‐order streams was analysed. The simultaneous influences of abiotic (hydromorphological, physical and chemical characteristics) and biotic (biofilm and macroinvertebrate) drivers were examined and together explained 56% of the in‐stream nitrate removal variance. An analysis of the independent contributions of each driver showed that abiotic drivers (e.g. ammonium, dissolved organic carbon, temperature and transient zone) contributed 40% of this nitrate removal variance, whereas the macroinvertebrate community contributed 39%.

The potential relationship between macroinvertebrates and nitrate removal was subsequently explored using trait‐based approaches of the macroinvertebrate community. This method allows for the selection of trait modalities assuming a top‐down control of microbial communities by macroinvertebrates, with in‐stream abiotic conditions correlated with nitrate removal (assuming that environmental conditions affect macroinvertebrate community composition).

The main trait modalities positively correlated with nitrate removal were scraper (feeding habit), flagstones/boulders/cobbles/pebbles (substrate preference), crawler and interstitial (locomotion) and detritus (food). The main modalities negatively correlated with nitrate removal were silt and mud with microphytes (as substrate preference), and with fine sediment with microorganisms, and dead animals (as food sources). These results agreed with the hypothesis of top‐down control and enhanced understanding of the influence of hydromorphological factors on nitrate removal.

This study highlights the involvement of the macroinvertebrate community in in‐stream nitrate processing, and demonstrates the usefulness of applying a functional approach to explain relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem function.
Perceived swallowing problems and mortality risk in very elderly people ≥85 years old: Results of the Tokyo Oldest Old Survey on Total Health study
Authors: Iinuma Toshimitsu , Hirata Takumi , Arai Yasumichi , Takayama Michiyo , Abe Yukiko , Fukumoto Motoko , Fukui Yusuke , Gionhaku Nobuhito 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to clarify whether perceived swallowing problems affect the life expectancy of very elderly individuals.BackgroundIn an ageing society, oral function affects health status. In particular, a decline in swallowing function may increase the risk of various diseases, morbidity and malnutrition.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated 526 elderly individuals aged ≥85 years. All participants completed a questionnaire and underwent oral, physical and mental health examinations. The comprehensive oral health assessment comprised a face‐to‐face interview that included a questionnaire on swallowing function. We estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals using the Cox proportional hazards model, adjusting for potential confounders between perceived swallowing problems and all‐cause mortality over a 3‐year period.ResultsOver a 3‐year follow‐up period, 88 of 526 participants died and 68 participants complained of perceived swallowing problems. Perceived swallowing problems had statistically significant associations with physical status and function and nutrition. In the univariate analysis, perceived swallowing problems had statistically significant associations with an approximately 1.9‐fold higher risk of all‐cause mortality during the 3‐year period (HR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.14‐3.14). In the multivariate analysis, the statistically significant association between perceived swallowing problems and all‐cause mortality remained after adjusting for various confounding factors (HR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.03‐2.92).ConclusionPerceived swallowing disorders should be verified by a clinical examination, as they are associated with other health outcomes and increased all‐cause mortality.
Expression of cancer/testis antigens in salivary gland carcinomas with reference to MAGE‐A and NY‐ESO‐1 expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Beppu Shintaro , Ito Yohei , Fujii Kana , Saida Kosuke , Takino Hisashi , Masaki Ayako , Murase Takayuki , Kusafuka Kimihide , Iida Yoshiyuki , Onitsuka Tetsuro , Yatabe Yasushi , Hanai Nobuhiro , Hasegawa Yasuhisa , Ijichi Kei , Murakami Shingo , Inagaki Hiroshi 
Published: March 2017

AimsCancer/testis antigens (CTAs) are detected in cancer cells but not in healthy normal tissues, with the exception of gametogenic tissues. CTAs are highly immunogenic proteins, and thus represent ideal targets for cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐mediated specific immune therapy. The aim of this study was to screen CTA expression in various types of salivary gland carcinoma and to clarify clinicopathological significance of MAGE‐A and NY‐ESO‐1 expression in adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCCs) of the salivary gland, which is one of the most common salivary gland carcinomas, and usually has a fatal outcome.Methods and resultsWe used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of four CTAs (MAGE‐A, NY‐ESO‐1, CT7, and GAGE7) in various types of salivary gland carcinoma (n = 95). When carcinoma cases were divided into low‐grade and intermediate/high‐grade types, NY‐ESO‐1 and CT7 were expressed more frequently in intermediate/high‐grade carcinomas. We then focused on MAGE‐A and NY‐ESO‐1 expression in a large cohort of adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCCs) (n = 46). MAGE‐A and NY‐ESO‐1 were frequently expressed in AdCC; specifically, MAGE‐A was expressed in >60% of the AdCC cases. MAGE‐A expression and tumour site (minor salivary gland) were identified as independent risk factors for locoregional tumour recurrence.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CTAs may be expressed in a variety of salivary gland carcinomas, especially in those with higher histological grades. In addition, MAGE‐A, which is frequently expressed in AdCC cases, may be a useful prognostic factor for poorer locoregional recurrence‐free survival.