bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Value of Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Tumor Characterization, Differentiation and Monitoring in Pediatric Patients with Neuroblastic Tumors
Authors: Neubauer Henning , Li Mengxia , Müller Verena , Pabst Thomas , Beer Meinrad 
Published: May 2017

Purpose We explored the diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) for tumor characterization, differentiation and therapy monitoring in pediatric patients with extracranial neuroblastic tumors.
Materials and Methods All 29 patients (14 girls, median age: 3 years) with neuroblastoma (NB, n = 19), ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB, n = 4) and ganglioneuroma (GN, n = 6) who had had at least one in-house DWI examination since 2005 were identified and retrospectively analyzed. Two independent blinded readers measured ADC values (unit: 10−3 mm2/s) and signal intensity ratios (SIRs) of the primary tumor and, if applicable, of the tumor after chemotherapy, metastases and tumor relapse.
Results The pre-treatment ADC was 0.90 ± 0.23 in NB/GNB and 1.70 ± 0.36 in GN without overlap between the two entities for both readers, 0.67 ± 0.14 in metastases and 0.72 ± 0.18 in tumor relapse. With chemotherapy, mean ADC increased to 1.54 ± 0.33 in NB/GNB and to 1.23 ± 0.27 in metastases (p < 0.05). The median SIRs of various tumor lesions vs. liver, vs. muscle tissue and vs. adjacent tissue were significantly higher on DWI (range: 2.4 – 9.9) than on ce-T1w (range: 1.0 – 1.8, all p < 0.05). The coefficient of variation (CV) was ≤ 8.0 % for ADC and ≤ 16.4 % for signal intensity data.
Conclusion Based on mean ADC, DWI distinguishes between NB/GNB and GN with high certainty and provides plausible quantitative data on tumor response to therapy. Lesion conspicuity, as measured by SIR, is superior on DWI, compared to ce-T1w. DWI as a noninvasive, radiation-free and widely available imaging technique should be an integral part of MR imaging for neuroblastic tumors and should undergo prospective evaluation in multicenter studies.
Key Points
Citation Format
Indications, results, and clinical impact of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling in gastroenterology: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline – Updated January 2017
Authors: Dumonceau Jean-Marc , Deprez Pierre , Jenssen Christian , Iglesias-Garcia Julio , Larghi Alberto , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Aithal Guruprasad , Arcidiacono Paolo , Bastos Pedro , Carrara Silvia , Czakó László , Fernández-Esparrach Gloria , Fockens Paul , Ginès Àngels , Havre Roald , Hassan Cesare , Vilmann Peter , van Hooft Jeanin , Polkowski Marcin 
Published: May 2017

MAIN RECOMMENDATIONSFor pancreatic solid lesions, ESGE recommends performing endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling as first-line procedure when a pathological diagnosis is required. Alternatively, percutaneous sampling may be considered in metastatic disease.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.In the case of negative or inconclusive results and a high degree of suspicion of malignant disease, ESGE suggests re-evaluating the pathology slides, repeating EUS-guided sampling, or surgery.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.In patients with chronic pancreatitis associated with a pancreatic mass, EUS-guided sampling results that do not confirm cancer should be interpreted with caution.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.For pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs), ESGE recommends EUS-guided sampling for biochemical analyses plus cytopathological examination if a precise diagnosis may change patient management, except for lesions ≤ 10 mm in diameter with no high risk stigmata. If the volume of PCL aspirate is small, it is recommended that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level determination be done as the first analysis.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.For esophageal cancer, ESGE suggests performing EUS-guided sampling for the assessment of regional lymph nodes (LNs) in T1 (and, depending on local treatment policy, T2) adenocarcinoma and of lesions suspicious for metastasis such as distant LNs, left liver lobe lesions, and suspected peritoneal carcinomatosis.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.For lymphadenopathy of unknown origin, ESGE recommends performing EUS-guided (or alternatively endobronchial ultrasound [EBUS]-guided) sampling if the pathological result is likely to affect patient management and no superficial lymphadenopathy is easily accessible.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.In the case of solid liver masses suspicious for metastasis, ESGE suggests performing EUS-guided sampling if the pathological result is likely to affect patient management, and (i) the lesion is poorly accessible/not detected at percutaneous imaging, or (ii) a sample obtained via the percutaneous route repeatedly yielded an inconclusive result.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.
Impact of International Monetary Fund programs on child health
Authors: Daoud Adel , Nosrati Elias , Reinsberg Bernhard , Kentikelenis Alexander E. , Stubbs Thomas H. , King Lawrence P. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
This study adds to the state of the art by analyzing the impact of International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs on children’s health, mediated by their parents’ education. It is the first to combine macrodata and microdata to address this issue systematically across five dimensions of child health: water, malnutrition, shelter, sanitation, and health care access. The sample represents about 2.8 billion (about 50%) of the world’s population in year 2000. Using multilevel models, we find that, although IMF programs do not correlate directly with child health indicators, they reduce the protective effect of parental education on child health, especially in rural areas, and have a mixed impact across the five dimensions of urban child health.
Investigation of hindwing folding in ladybird beetles by artificial elytron transplantation and microcomputed tomography
Authors: Saito Kazuya , Nomura Shuhei , Yamamoto Shuhei , Niiyama Ryuma , Okabe Yoji 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceHindwings in ladybird beetles successfully achieve compatibility between the deformability (instability) required for wing folding and strength property (stability) required for flying. This study demonstrates how ladybird beetles address these two conflicting requirements by an unprecedented technique using artificial wings. Our results, which clarify the detailed wing-folding process and reveal the supporting structures, provide indispensable initial knowledge for revealing this naturally evolved optimization system. Investigating the characteristics in the venations and crease patterns revealed in this study could provide an innovative designing method, enabling the integration of structural stability and deformability, and thus could have a considerable impact on engineering science.
Cholinergic shaping of neural correlations
Authors: Minces Victor , Pinto Lucas , Dan Yang , Chiba Andrea A. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
The capacity of a network of neurons to represent the sensory world depends not only on the way individual neurons respond to sensory stimuli but also on the similarity of activity across neurons comprising the network. This similarity can be quantified as the correlation of activity across neuronal pairs, or neural correlations. This work presents a unique finding, demonstrating that a neuromodulator, in this case acetylcholine, can produce specific changes in the correlation structure of the cortical network that ultimately increase the encoding capacity of the network.
Evaluation of Genetic Population Structure of Smallmouth Bass in the Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania
Authors: Schall Megan K. , Bartron Meredith L. , Wertz Timothy , Niles Jonathan M. , Shaw Cassidy H. , Blazer Vicki S. , Wagner Tyler 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu was introduced into the Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania, nearly 150 years ago. Since introduction, it has become an economically and ecologically important species that supports popular recreational fisheries. It is also one of the most abundant top predators in the system. Currently, there is no information on the level of genetic diversity or genetic structuring that may have occurred since introduction. An understanding of genetic diversity is important for the delineation of management units and investigation of gene flow at various management scales. The goals of this research were to investigate population genetic structure of Smallmouth Bass at sites within the Susquehanna River basin and to assess genetic differentiation relative to Smallmouth Bass at an out-of-basin site (Allegheny River, Pennsylvania) located within the species’ native range. During spring 2015, fin clips (n = 1,034) were collected from adults at 11 river sites and 13 tributary sites in the Susquehanna River basin and at one site on the Allegheny River. Fin clips were genotyped at 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci. Based on our results, adults sampled throughout the Susquehanna River basin did not represent separate genetic populations. There were only subtle differences in genetic diversity among sites (mean pairwise genetic differentiation index FST = 0.012), and there was an overall lack of population differentiation (K = 3 admixed populations). The greatest genetic differentiation was observed between fish collected from the out-of-basin site and those from the Susquehanna River basin sites. Knowledge that separate genetic populations of Smallmouth Bass do not exist in the Susquehanna River basin is valuable information for fisheries management in addition to providing baseline genetic data on an introduced sport fish population.
Received August 25, 2016; accepted May 4, 2017 Published online July 11, 2017
Differential expression of genes related to glucose metabolism in domesticated pigs and wild boar
Authors: He Dafang , Ma Jideng , Long Keren , Wang Xun , Li Xuewei , Jiang Anan , Li Mingzhou 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Glucose metabolism is a basic biological process that shows substantial variation within and between species. Using pig as a model organism, we investigated differences in glucose metabolic genes in seven tissues from domesticated pigs (Rongchang pig and Tibetan pig, meanwhile, the Tibetan pig just as a special case of the domesticated pig under plateau condition) and wild boar. We found large differences in the expression of genes involved in multiple aspects of glucose metabolism, including genes associated with glucose transport, gluconeogenesis, and glycolysis. In addition, we identified microRNAs (miRNAs) that may be involved in the divergence of glucose metabolism in pig. A combined analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression indicated that some miRNA:mRNA pairs showed ab facto function in it. Our results provide a valuable resource for further determination of miRNA regulatory roles in pig glucose metabolism and reveal the divergence of glucose metabolism in pigs under domestication.
Mental health problems among 4–17-year-olds with hearing problems
Authors: Hancock Kirsten J. , Brennan-Jones Christopher G. , Vithiatharan Rena , Payne Donald , Runions Kevin , Lin Ashleigh , Eikelboom Robert H. 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
This study aimed to characterize the risk of mental health problems among a representative sample of 6,310 4–17-year-olds, 147 of whom had parent-reported hearing problems.

Methods:
The study used data from the Young Minds Matter survey. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-IV) assessed prevalence of mood, anxiety and behavioural disorders. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) assessed social and emotional problems. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds of having mental health problems adjusting for child factors (speech and language problems, global health, age and gender), family factors (family structure, parent income, education, financial strain and psychological distress) and school-related factors (bullying, school liking, school absence).

Results:
In unadjusted analyses, children and young people with hearing problems had substantially higher odds of most mental health problems. Hearing problems were not associated with any mental health problem among 4–11-year-olds after adjusting for other child factors. After adjustments for child, family and school-related factors, 12–17-year-olds with a hearing problem remained at greater risk of social phobia and generalized anxiety (DISC-IV), and of peer and emotional problems (SDQ).

Conclusions:
Clinicians caring for children and young people with hearing problems should be alert for heightened risk of specific mental health problems based on age and the nature of hearing problems. Understanding a wider range of correlates associated with the higher prevalence of mental health problems may allow health professionals to be more informed about the nature of mental health problems that are comorbid to hearing problems.
Preoperative Pain Neuroscience Education Combined With Knee Joint Mobilization for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lluch Enrique , Dueñas Lirios , Falla Deborah , Baert Isabel , Meeus Mira , Sánchez-Frutos José , Nijs Jo 
Published: May 2017

Objectives:
This study aimed to first compare the effects of a preoperative treatment combining pain neuroscience education (PNE) with knee joint mobilization versus biomedical education with knee joint mobilization on central sensitization (CS) in patients with knee osteoarthritis, both before and after surgery. Second, we wanted to compare the effects of both interventions on knee pain, disability, and psychosocial variables.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-four patients with knee osteoarthritis were allocated to receive 4 sessions of either PNE combined with knee joint mobilization or biomedical education with knee joint mobilization before surgery. All participants completed self-administered questionnaires and quantitative sensory testing was performed at baseline, after treatment and at a 1 month follow-up (all before surgery), and at 3 months after surgery.

Results:
Significant and clinically relevant differences before and after surgery were found after treatments for both knee pain and disability, and some measures of CS (ie, widespread hyperalgesia, CS inventory), with no significant between-group differences. Other indicators of CS (ie, conditioned pain modulation, temporal summation) did not change over time following either treatment, and in some occasions the observed changes were not in the expected direction. Patients receiving PNE with knee joint mobilization achieved greater improvements in psychosocial variables (pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia) both before and after surgery.

Discussion:
Preoperative PNE combined with knee joint mobilization did not produce any additional benefits over time for knee pain and disability, and CS measures compared with biomedical education with knee joint mobilization. Superior effects in the PNE with knee joint mobilization group were only observed for psychosocial variables related to pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia.
Effect of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel) on menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Rahimikian Fatemeh , Rahimi Roja , Golzareh Parvin , Bekhradi Reza , Mehran Abbas 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Objective:
Preliminary data suggest that Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) can be an effective treatment for menopausal symptoms. This trial was designed to assess the efficacy of fennel in the management of menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Methods:
In this triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 90 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 60 years in Tehran were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 45) or placebo (n = 45) groups. The participants received 8 weeks of treatment with soft capsules containing 100 mg fennel or a placebo (2 per day for each group). The participants were followed for 2 weeks postintervention to assess the continuance of the effect of intervention. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) questionnaire was used to assess changes in menopausal symptoms at baseline and at 4, 8, and 10 weeks after onset of intervention.

Results:
The groups recorded similar mean scores on the MRS questionnaire before intervention. After intervention, the treatment group showed a significant decrease in the mean MRS score. The results of the Friedman test showed significant differences between the mean score at baseline and those at 4, 8, and 10 weeks after onset of intervention in the treatment group (P < 0.001), whereas there were no significant differences in the placebo group. When the fennel and the placebo groups were compared, the independent t test showed significant differences in mean scores between groups at 4, 8, and 10 weeks (2 weeks postintervention; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Fennel is an effective and safe treatment to reduce menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women without serious side effects. More clinical trials with larger populations are required to confirm this result.
Yield of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Parvand Mahraz , Starovoytov Andrew , Sedlak Tara L. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
Ten percent to 25% of women and 6%–10% of men with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are found to have no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) on coronary computed tomography angiogram or invasive coronary angiography. The etiology of presentation is often unclear. We examined the diagnostic yield of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of an ACS and no obstructive CAD.

Methods:
We retrospectively studied patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of an ACS and no obstructive CAD on coronary computed tomography angiogram or invasive coronary angiography who had CMR performed at St. Paul’s Hospital, British Columbia, Canada, from 2013 to 2015. No obstructive CAD was defined as <50% stenosis in any epicardial artery. We compared CMR diagnostic yield in troponin-positive and troponin-negative patients and determined the etiology of presentation in each category. We also examined gender differences.

Results:
Ninety-eight patients met inclusion criteria. The average age was 55.8 years, 70% were female, and 60% were troponin positive upon presentation. Abnormal CMR was observed in 35.7% of patients, yielding a diagnosis in 27.9% of females and 53.5% of males (P = 0.02). Troponin-positive patients had a significantly higher prevalence of an abnormal CMR than did troponin-negative patients (44.1% vs. 23.1%; P = 0.03). Myocarditis was more common in troponin-positive patients (25.4% vs. 2.6%; P = 0.002).

Conclusions:
Forty-four percent of patients with positive troponin and with signs and symptoms suggestive of an ACS, no obstructive CAD on invasive coronary angiography or coronary computed tomography angiogram, and unclear diagnosis had abnormalities on CMR that identified the diagnosis. CMR should be considered in patients with positive troponin values when the etiology for their presentation is unclear.
Genetics and its potential to improve type 1 diabetes care
Authors: Rich Stephen S. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
The genetic basis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is being characterized through DNA sequence variation and cell type specificity. This review discusses the current understanding of the genes and variants implicated in risk of T1D and how genetic information can be used in prediction, intervention and components of clinical care.

Recent findings
Fine mapping and functional studies has provided resolution of the heritable basis of T1D risk, incorporating novel insights on the dominant role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes as well as the lesser impact of non-HLA genes. Evaluation of T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), there is enrichment of genetic effects restricted to specific immune cell types (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells and CD34+ stem cells), suggesting pathways to improved prediction. In addition, T1D-associated SNPs have been used to generate genetic risk scores (GRS) as a tool to distinguish T1D from type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to provide prediagnostic data to target those for autoimmunity screening (e.g. islet autoantibodies) as a prelude for continuous monitoring and entry into intervention trials.

Summary
Genetic susceptibility accounts for nearly one-half of the risk for T1D. Although the T1D-associated SNPs in white populations account for nearly 90% of the genetic risk, with high sensitivity and specificity, the low prevalence of T1D makes the T1D GRS of limited utility. However, identifying those with highest genetic risk may permit early and targeted immune monitoring to diagnose T1D months prior to clinical onset.
Evidence for more intensive cholesterol lowering
Authors: Soran Handrean , Kwok See , Adam Safwaan , Ho Jan Hoong , Durrington Paul N. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
In randomized clinical trials, reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with cholesterol-lowering drugs correlates with the LDL cholesterol decrease. However, because the majority have investigated a fixed statin dose, current guidelines disagree about the use of statin dose titration or non-statin adjunctive cholesterol-lowering drugs.

Recent findings
We conducted a meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials with CVD end-points, comparing two intensities of lipid-lowering regimens within the same population, using varying statins doses and/or potency, ezetimibe or PCSK9 inhibitors and compared the observed number of patients needed to be treated for 10 years to prevent one CVD event (NNT) with NNT predicted from trials of predominantly single-dose statin.
Some 75439 participants in 10 randomized studies were included. The mean 10-year CVD risk in controls was around 50% and the incremental mean LDL cholesterol decrease 0.95 mmol/l (36.7 mg/dl). Observed NNT closely correlated with those predicted from predominantly single-dose statin trials [18.2 and 17.1; Pearson R=0.844 (P=0.001)]. When pre-treatment LDL cholesterol exceeded 4 mmol/l (155 mg/dl), achieving a target LDL cholesterol of 1.8 mmol/l (70 mg/dl) was the most effective strategy. At lower pre-treatment levels, fixed-dose statin equivalent to atorvastatin 80 mg daily was superior. The target of 40% reduction in non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol was least effective regardless of pre-treatment LDL cholesterol.

Summary
We conclude that when initial LDL cholesterol exceeds 4 mmol/l and absolute CVD risk demands it, a target value of 1.8 mmol/l should be achieved, if necessary by adding ezetimibe and/or PCSK9 inhibitors to statin treatment.
The Importance of Factors Related to Nurse Retention
Authors: Bugajski Andrew , Lengerich Alex , Marchese Matthew , Hall Brittany , Yackzan Susan , Davies Claire , Brockopp Dorothy 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of factors related to nurse retention.

BACKGROUND
Retaining nurses within the healthcare system is a challenge for hospital administrators. Understanding factors important to nurse retention is essential.

METHODS
Responses of nurses (n = 279) to the Baptist Health Nurse Retention Questionnaire (BHNRQ) at a 391-bed Magnet® redesignated community hospital were analyzed to explore differences in importance scores of bedside nurses.

RESULTS
The results demonstrate that each of the 12 items on the BHNRQ was moderately to highly important. A multivariate analysis of variance based on generation, degree, unit, and experience revealed no significant differences on subscale scores (nursing practice, management, and staffing). Themes derived from the comment section on the BHNRQ were consistent with quantitative findings.

CONCLUSION
Clinical and managerial competence, engagement with their employees, and presence on the unit are keys to retaining a satisfied nursing workforce.