bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi-task graph deep learning model to predict drugs combination of synergy and sensitivity scores
Authors: Monem Samar , Hassanien Aboul Ella , Abdel-Hamid Alaa H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Drug combination treatments have proven to be a realistic technique for treating challenging diseases such as cancer by enhancing efficacy and mitigating side effects. To achieve the therapeutic goals of these combinations, it is essential to employ multi-targeted drug combinations, which maximize effectiveness and synergistic effects.

Results
This paper proposes ‘MultiComb’, a multi-task deep learning (MTDL) model designed to simultaneously predict the synergy and sensitivity of drug combinations. The model utilizes a graph convolution network to represent the Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry (SMILES) of two drugs, generating their respective features. Also, three fully connected subnetworks extract features of the cancer cell line. These drug and cell line features are then concatenated and processed through an attention mechanism, which outputs two optimized feature representations for the target tasks. The cross-stitch model learns the relationship between these tasks. At last, each learned task feature is fed into fully connected subnetworks to predict the synergy and sensitivity scores.
The proposed model is validated using the O’Neil benchmark dataset, which includes 38 unique drugs combined to form 17,901 drug combination pairs and tested across 37 unique cancer cells. The model’s performance is tested using some metrics like mean square error ($$MSE$$

MSE

), mean absolute error ($$MAE$$

MAE

), coefficient of determination ($${R}^{2}$$

R

2

), Spearman, and Pearson scores. The mean synergy scores of the proposed model are 232.37, 9.59, 0.57, 0.76, and 0.73 for the previous metrics, respectively. Also, the values for mean sensitivity scores are 15.59, 2.74, 0.90, 0.95, and 0.95, respectively.

Conclusion
This paper proposes an MTDL model to predict synergy and sensitivity scores for drug combinations targeting specific cancer cell lines. The MTDL model demonstrates superior performance compared to existing approaches, providing better results.
Can depression lead to chronic constipation, or does chronic constipation worsen depression? NHANES 2005–2010 and bidirectional mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: He ZhiGuo , Yu QianLe , He Bin , Liu JieFeng , Gao WenBin , Chen Xiong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Depression and chronic constipation often co-occur, but the reciprocal influence between the two remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential association between depression and chronic constipation.

Methods
This study initially utilized data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2010 to explore the correlation between depression scores and chronic constipation, assessing the non-linear relationship between the two. Subsequently, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between depression and major depression with chronic constipation. The Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW) method served as the primary reference, supplemented by sensitivity tests. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was performed to assess the presence of any reverse causation. The STROBE-MR checklist for the reporting of MR studies was used in this study.

Results
In the NHANES analysis, survey-weighted logistic regression revealed a significantly positive correlation between depression scores and chronic constipation (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02–1.07, p = 0.002), even after adjusting for the included covariates. The nonlinear analysis using Restricted Cubic Splines (RCS) enhanced the robustness of the association (P-non-liner = 0.01). The MR analysis also confirmed the causal relationship between depression (OR = 11.43, 95% CI = 1.85–70.67, p = 0.008) and major depression (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03–1.22, p = 0.007) with chronic constipation, passing rigorous sensitivity tests. No evidence of reverse causation was observed in the reverse MR analysis (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Depression is positively correlated with the risk of chronic constipation. Therefore, enhancing attention to chronic constipation in patients with depression may be effective in clinical practice.
A rare case of peritoneal tuberculosis mimicking peritoneal carcinomatosis: the ongoing challenge
Authors: Flores Roberto M. , Dopp Meena , Bhatt Vivek V. , Theodory Bassam , Robb Paul M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a serious infection that can involve any organ system and present in various forms. About one-third of the world’s population are carriers of latent TB. Although most cases are from a pulmonary origin, there is a rising prevalence of abdominal TB. Patients with pulmonary or extrapulmonary TB are treated similarly through the use of pharmacological therapy. Nonspecific clinical manifestations of TB have made it difficult for clinicians to diagnose. Peritoneal tuberculosis (PTB) is a serious concern as its symptoms overlap with that of many other chronic conditions, especially in those who are immunocompromised. The lack of highly sensitive and specific testing methods has made early intervention difficult, therefore a high index of suspicion is crucial in the progression of the disease. Here, we present a case of a 71-year-old female with a history of abdominal pain, fever, and weakness. Initial investigation with computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed omental fat stranding that pointed towards peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from possible recurrence of her ovarian cancer. Further investigation with a peritoneal biopsy was remarkable for caseating granulomas with fat necrosis confirming extrapulmonary TB. This report highlights a rare case of PTB mimicking PC in an elderly patient who is immunocompromised from the use of long-term corticosteroids who continued to decline after pharmacological treatment of the disease.
Surgical management and outcomes of renal tumors with inferior vena cava extension among children: a single center retrospective study from Pakistan
Authors: Halepota Huma Faiz , Khan Sarah , Irshad Hammad Atif , Arshad Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess management and determine outcomes of renal tumors with inferior vena cava (IVC) and intracardiac (IC) extension in a tertiary care center in Pakistan.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. All patients from 1 to 18 years of age with renal tumors with intravascular extensions, surgically managed from January 1988 till June 2016, were included. Data was extracted by reviewing medical records, and the tumor details, treatment and outcomes were analyzed.

Results
A total of 18 patients out of the total 61 patients with renal tumors, presented with IVC and/or IC extension, with the majority involving the right kidney. Mean age was 5.9 (SD:4.9) and a female preponderance (56%) was seen. Wilms tumor (77%) was the most common tumor type, with the level of tumor extension into IVC predominantly being below the diaphragm (55.5%). Fourteen patients received preoperative chemotherapy, with tumor regression, seen in 10. Most patients underwent thrombectomy through the renal vein (56%). Regarding outcomes, frequency of mortality and morbidity was 1 and 2, respectively, with 7 patients having no recurrent 5 years post-surgery.

Conclusion
A greater incidence (29.5%) of IVC and or IC Tumor extension was found compared to existing literature, which could likely be due to a higher referral rate to the center. Moreover, this is a single-center study and so a multi-center study is crucial to form an assessment of surgical management in resource-limited settings. Our study is the first from Pakistan on this particular renal tumor presentation. Considering the varying case presentations and surgical techniques used, further studies are needed to standardize surgical management and optimize patient outcomes.
The relationship between perceived school stress and satisfaction with life among Norwegian school-based adolescents and the moderating role of perceived teacher care: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Grasaas Erik , Ostojic Sergej , Sandbakk Øyvind , Bjørnsen Gunn , Sylta Øystein , Høgli Major Daniel , Jahre Henriette 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Perceived stress from schoolwork and perceived teacher care are shown to influence adolescents’ life satisfaction. However, there is a need to further explore how levels of perceived school stress affect life satisfaction of Norwegian adolescents across gender and school levels using nationwide data, and whether this association is moderated by perceived teacher care. Hence, this paper sought to: (1) describe perceived school stress, perceived teacher care and satisfaction with life in Norwegian adolescents stratified by gender and school level, (2) examine the association between perceived school stress and satisfaction with life by testing perceived teacher care as a possible moderator and (3) explore the association between perceived teacher care and adolescents’ satisfaction with life.

Methods
We utilized cross-sectional data from the Norwegian Ungdata Survey from 2021, encompassing adolescents from lower and upper secondary school. Two-thirds of all Norwegian adolescents participated in the Ungdata Survey from 2021. All data is anonymous. The study variables are presented according to lower and upper secondary school as well as gender. Linear regressions were conducted and adjusted for socioeconomic status (SES) by using SPSS.

Results
In total, 139,841 adolescents were included. Girls exhibited higher perceived school stress, lower perceived teacher care, and lower life satisfaction than boys in both lower and secondary school (all p < 0.01). Strong inverse associations on satisfaction with life were found in both genders in lower and upper secondary school among those who reported very frequent perceived school stress, with perceived teacher care moderating the relationship (B= -0.67; 95% CI [-0.70 to -0.65], P < 0.01]). Moreover, robust associations were unveiled between high and low levels of perceived teacher care and life satisfaction across gender and school level.

Conclusions
Higher perceived school stress was strongly inversely associated with life satisfaction in Norwegian adolescents, in both girls and boys, and in both lower and secondary school. Teacher care was identified as a moderator and seems to play a crucial part in the everyday life of Norwegian adolescents. These implications extend to teacher education, practice, and policy, which should be aware of the pivotal role of perceived teacher care on Norwegian school-based adolescents‘ life satisfaction.
Machine learning applications in studying mental health among immigrants and racial and ethnic minorities: an exploratory scoping review
Authors: Park Khushbu Khatri , Saleem Mohammad , Al-Garadi Mohammed Ali , Ahmed Abdulaziz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The use of machine learning (ML) in mental health (MH) research is increasing, especially as new, more complex data types become available to analyze. By examining the published literature, this review aims to explore the current applications of ML in MH research, with a particular focus on its use in studying diverse and vulnerable populations, including immigrants, refugees, migrants, and racial and ethnic minorities.

Methods
From October 2022 to March 2024, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and PubMed were queried. ML-related, MH-related, and population-of-focus search terms were strung together with Boolean operators. Backward reference searching was also conducted. Included peer-reviewed studies reported using a method or application of ML in an MH context and focused on the populations of interest. We did not have date cutoffs. Publications were excluded if they were narrative or did not exclusively focus on a minority population from the respective country. Data including study context, the focus of mental healthcare, sample, data type, type of ML algorithm used, and algorithm performance were extracted from each.

Results
Ultimately, 13 peer-reviewed publications were included. All the articles were published within the last 6 years, and over half of them studied populations within the US. Most reviewed studies used supervised learning to explain or predict MH outcomes. Some publications used up to 16 models to determine the best predictive power. Almost half of the included publications did not discuss their cross-validation method.

Conclusions
The included studies provide proof-of-concept for the potential use of ML algorithms to address MH concerns in these special populations, few as they may be. Our review finds that the clinical application of these models for classifying and predicting MH disorders is still under development.
The impact of the RTS,S malaria vaccine on uncomplicated malaria: evidence from the phase IV study districts, Upper East Region, Ghana, 2020–2022
Authors: Adjei Michael Rockson , Okine Rafiq , Tweneboah Peter Ofori , Baafi Janet Vanessa , Afriyie Nana Akua , Teviu Emmanuel Akwoulo Agyigewe , Nyuzaghl Josephat Ana-Imwine , Dzotsi Emmanuel Kofi , Ohene Sally-Ann , Grobusch Martin Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The RTS,S malaria vaccine has been prequalified for use in endemic settings prioritizing areas with moderate to high disease transmission. The impact of a vaccine at the population level may differ from observations during clinical trial due to programmatic, and individual-related factors, among others. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the RTS,S malaria vaccine on uncomplicated malaria among children aged 12–59 months in the Phase IV study districts, Upper East Region, Ghana.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted using routine malaria surveillance data for the period 2020–2022. The burden of uncomplicated malaria was compared between the implementing (Kasena Nankana East and West districts) and comparator areas (Builsa North and South districts). The impact of RTS,S malaria vaccine was assessed by estimating the percentage reduction in uncomplicated malaria and incidence averted in the implementing area, accounting for the effect of confounders.

Results
Over 50,000 episodes of uncomplicated malaria among children aged 12–59 months were included in the study. Uncomplicated malaria was reduced by 33% (95%CI 29–36) over the entire study period, but the malaria incidence averted declined from 324/1,000 (95% CI 298–339; p < 0.0001) in 2020 to 287/1000 (95% CI 274–299; p < 0.0001) in 2022.

Conclusion
The RTS,S malaria vaccine significantly reduced the burden of uncomplicated malaria among children aged 12–59 months in the implementing area. The sequential marginal declines in malaria incidence averted over the study period might be due to waning of protective immunity and acquisition of natural immunity as children age. Strengthening uptake of the currently recommended vaccines and other malaria control interventions is required to improve public health impact.
Understanding genetic variations associated with familial breast cancer
Authors: Pal Manjusha , Das Doutrina , Pandey Manoj 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women. Genetics are the main risk factor for breast cancer. Statistics show that 15–25% of breast cancers are inherited among those with cancer-prone relatives. BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, CDH1, PTEN, and STK11 are the most frequent genes for familial breast cancer, which occurs 80% of the time. In rare situations, moderate-penetrance gene mutations such CHEK2, BRIP1, ATM, and PALB2 contribute 2–3%.

Methods
A search of the PubMed database was carried out spanning from 2005 to July 2024, yielding a total of 768 articles that delve into the realm of familial breast cancer, concerning genes and genetic syndromes. After exclusion 150 articles were included in the final review.

Results
We report on a set of 20 familial breast cancer -associated genes into high, moderate, and low penetrance levels. Additionally, 10 genetic disorders were found to be linked with familial breast cancer.

Conclusion
Familial breast cancer has been linked to several genetic diseases and mutations, according to studies. Screening for genetic disorders is recommended by National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommendations. Evaluation of breast cancer candidate variations and risk loci may improve individual risk assessment. Only high- and moderate-risk gene variations have clinical guidelines, whereas low-risk gene variants require additional investigation. With increasing use of NGS technology, more linkage with rare genes is being discovered.
Assessing changes in COVID-19 vaccine uptake and intentions among the Brigada Digital Latino social media audience: a repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Riggle-van Schagen Courtney , Andrade E. L. , Chandarana S. , Lu N. , González A. , Favetto C. , Gómez V. , Palacios C. , Díaz-Ramírez M. , Edberg M. C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
U.S. Latinos experienced disproportionate COVID-19 impacts in terms of morbidity and mortality. Vaccination against COVID-19 is an important strategy for mitigating health impacts, and yet, vaccine uptake was slower among U.S. Latino adults compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Vaccine hesitancy has been a significant barrier within Latino communities, and exposure to misinformation has been associated with negative attitudes toward vaccination. While some COVID-19 mitigation efforts have included community-based outreach, few studies have explored the impact of community-based digital messaging in Spanish to counter COVID-19 misinformation, build trust, and promote vaccination. To address this gap, we conducted a one-year repeated cross-sectional study to assess changes in COVID-19 vaccine uptake, intentions, and perceived norms, as well as barriers to accessing reliable information and levels of trust in COVID-19 information sources among Latino adults exposed to Brigada Digital de Salud social media content. This culturally-tailored content disseminated on Facebook, Instagram, and X platforms was amplified by community health workers and partners, and focused on COVID-19 risk and prevention, vaccine safety and efficacy, and correcting related misinformation.

Results
Statistically significant increases in COVID-19 vaccination and intentions to vaccinate children were observed from May 2022 (wave 1) to April 2023 (wave 2). Among perceived difficulties accessing information, respondents indicated the most difficulty in judging the reliability of COVID-19 information in the media; however, a statistically significant decrease in perceived difficulty was observed between waves. With regard to trust in COVID-19 information sources, levels of trust were highest for healthcare providers in both waves, and there were statistically significant increases in trust in the FDA to ensure COVID-19 vaccine safety and trust in the federal government to ensure child COVID-19 vaccine safety at wave 2.

Conclusions
Social media messaging by trusted community-based sources shows promise as a strategy for combating health misinformation and ameliorating information access gaps for language minority populations. This digital approach represents an important tool for deploying critical information to underserved populations in public health emergency and crisis contexts, and for supporting changes in attitudes, trust, and behaviors to improve health outcomes.
Lightweight technology stacks for assistive linked annotations
Authors: Thalhath Nishad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis report presents the findings of a project from the 8th Biomedical Linked Annotation Hackathon (BLAH) to explore lightweight technology stacks to enhance assistive linked annotations. Using modern JavaScript frameworks and edge functions, in-browser Named Entity Recognition (NER), serverless embedding and vector search within web interfaces, and efficient serverless full-text search were implemented. Through this experimental approach, a proof of concept to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of these technologies was demonstrated. The results show that lightweight stacks can significantly improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of annotation tools and provide a local-first, privacy-oriented, and secure alternative to traditional server-based solutions in various use cases. This work emphasizes the potential of developing annotation interfaces that are more responsive, scalable, and user-friendly, which would benefit bioinformatics researchers, practitioners, and software developers.
Molecular diagnostic approach to rare neurological diseases from a clinician viewpoint
Authors: Lee Jin Sook 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdvancements in sequencing technology have significantly enhanced diagnostic capabilities for rare neurological diseases. This progress in molecular diagnostics can greatly impact clinical management and facilitate the development of personalized treatments for patients with rare neurological diseases. Neurologists with expertise should raise clinical awareness, as phenotyping remains crucial for making a clinical diagnosis, even in the genomics era. They should prioritize different types of genomic tests, considering both the benefits and the limitations inherent to each test. Notably, long-read sequencing is being utilized in cases suspected to involve repeat expansion disorders or complex structural variants. Repeat expansion disorders are highly prevalent in neurological diseases, particularly within the ataxia group. Significant efforts, including periodic reanalysis, data sharing, or integration of genomics with multi-omics studies, should be directed toward cases that remain undiagnosed after standard next-generation sequencing.
Trends in suicide mortality rates in the Republic of Cyprus between 2004 and 2020: changes in age, gender and suicide method
Authors: Chatzittofis Andreas , Middleton Nicos , Karanikola Maria 
Published: October 2024

Background
The Republic of Cyprus has recorded the greatest increase in suicide mortality among Eastern Mediterranean countries, with an average annual increase of 5.1% in 2000–2019.

Aims
To investigate trends in suicide mortality rates between 2004 and 2020 in the Republic of Cyprus, with a focus on age, gender and suicide methods.

Method
Suicide deaths (ICD-10 taxonomy, including ‘undetermined’ code) and population denominators were obtained from the National Mortality Registry and Statistical Office, respectively. Directly standardised (European Standard) mortality rates were calculated for four gender and age groups. Annual change was estimated using Poisson regression models with interaction terms to assess differential trends over different time periods.

Results
There were 560 suicide deaths; these were four times more frequent in men, and approximately 80% were classified as ‘violent’ for both genders. The male suicide rate doubled from 4–5 to 9–10 per 100 000, mostly before 2012, representing a 9% annual change (rate ratio = 1.09, 95% CI 1.03, 1.15; P = 0.002). From 2013, the trend reversed (effect modification P < 0.001) with a 4% annual decrease (95% CI −9%, 1%). Declines were not uniform across all age groups; rates in males aged 45–64 years continued to rise, surpassing the previously high rate in males aged 25–44 years. Rates in females declined from 4–5 per 100 000 to 2–3 over the study period. Overall, the male-to-female suicide rate ratio was 5.33 (95% CI 3.46, 8.19) in 2017–2020, compared with 2.73 (1.88, 3.95) in 2004–2008.

Conclusion
Although suicide rates remain relatively low, the gender differential has widened in the Republic of Cyprus. Further analysis of trends in relation to unemployment and other socioeconomic indicators is warranted.