bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biology of two members of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), recently invasive in the U.S.A., reared on an ambrosia beetle artificial diet
Authors: Cooperband Miriam F. , Stouthamer Richard , Carrillo Daniel , Eskalen Akif , Thibault Tim , Cossé Allard A. , Castrillo Louela A. , Vandenberg John D. , Rugman‐Jones Paul F. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Recent molecular studies have found that the ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a complex of cryptic species, each carrying a different species of symbiotic fungus, in the genus Fusarium, which they farm within galleries inside woody hosts. Several of these beetle species have become invasive pests around the world for attacking and infecting healthy trees with their phytopathogenic fungal symbionts.
Diet and rearing protocols were developed for two members of the E. fornicatus species complex, polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) and tea shot hole borer (TSHB), using sawdust from host trees, allowing collection of data on beetle biology, phenology and sex ratios. Adults developed within 22 days at 24 °C. Single PSHB or TSHB foundresses averaged 32.4 and 24.7 adult female offspring, respectively, and up to 57 and 68 female adults within 6–7 weeks. A strong predictor of the number of offspring in a colony was the number of entry holes. Average sex ratios (% male) for PSHB and TSHB, respectively, were 7.4% and 7.2%.
Being haplodiploid, virgin PSHB foundresses were able to produce and mate with male offspring, then subsequently produce female offspring, confirming that they have arrhenotokous reproduction.
A cold tolerance study found significant mortality rates among PSHB colonies exposed to −5° or −1 °C but not colonies exposed to 0°, 1° or 5 °C.
Given Hamilton's local mate competition (LMC) theory, a number of LMC predictions were violated. PSHB sex ratios were not affected by the number of foundresses; approximately 14% of broods did not contain males; males did not usually eclose before females but eclosed around the same time (22–23 days); and PSHB males were found walking outside of their natal galleries on the trunk of a heavily infested tree in the field. Alternatives to LMC are considered, such as early forms of sociality (maternal care, cooperative brood care), local resource enhancement and kin selection.
Importance of Genetic Studies in Consanguineous Populations for the Characterization of Novel Human Gene Functions
Authors: Erzurumluoglu A. Mesut , Shihab Hashem A. , Rodriguez Santiago , Gaunt Tom R. , Day Ian N.M. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryConsanguineous offspring have elevated levels of homozygosity. Autozygous stretches within their genome are likely to harbour loss of function (LoF) mutations which will lead to complete inactivation or dysfunction of genes. Studying consanguineous offspring with clinical phenotypes has been very useful for identifying disease causal mutations. However, at present, most of the genes in the human genome have no disorder associated with them or have unknown function. This is presumably mostly due to the fact that homozygous LoF variants are not observed in outbred populations which are the main focus of large sequencing projects. However, another reason may be that many genes in the genome—even when completely “knocked out,” do not cause a distinct or defined phenotype. Here, we discuss the benefits and implications of studying consanguineous populations, as opposed to the traditional approach of analysing a subset of consanguineous families or individuals with disease. We suggest that studying consanguineous populations “as a whole” can speed up the characterisation of novel gene functions as well as indicating nonessential genes and/or regions in the human genome. We also suggest designing a single nucleotide variant (SNV) array to make the process more efficient.
Hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer: A systematic review of the current treatment landscape
Authors: BEITH Jane , BURSLEM Katie , BELL Richard , WOODWARD Natasha , MCCARTHY Nicole , DE BOER Richard , LOI Sherene , REDFERN Andrew 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEndocrine therapy for the treatment of hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative, metastatic breast cancer is continually evolving. We systematically reviewed phase 2 and 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of agents used in this setting to assess the effectiveness and safety of these agents for postmenopausal women. Across the 32 studies in more than 10 000 patients, the greatest improvement in progression‐free survival (PFS) was seen with the addition of a cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitor to standard endocrine therapy. Treatment with a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, phosphoinositol‐3‐kinase (Pi3K) inhibitor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor and with a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) also showed benefit in PFS for selected trials. Overall survival (OS) improved with the use of mTOR inhibitors and a SERD; however, studies were not powered for an OS endpoint. Encouraging results from early studies of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and B‐cell lymphoma (BCL2) inhibitors are yet to be confirmed in phase III clinical trials. Study discontinuation rates and toxicity‐related deaths were highest with VEGF inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy, limiting their use in hormone receptor positive breast cancer. CDK4/6 inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors appeared to have activity in both first and second line settings, but required additional monitoring for common toxicities. The activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors was limited to the first‐line setting and treatment discontinuation rates were higher than with mTOR inhibitors and SERDs. Overall, PFS benefit appears to be greatest when agents acting on CDK4/6, mTOR and Pi3K pathways, and SERDs are added to standard endocrine therapy. If these early results persist in further studies, these data are likely to change the way we treat hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer. In the follow‐up article to this review, we will consider the potential future treatment options for these patients.
Protein Kinase C Activation as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Alzheimer's Disease: Is there a Role for Embryonic Lethal Abnormal Vision‐like Proteins?
Authors: Talman Virpi , Pascale Alessia , Jäntti Maria , Amadio Marialaura , Tuominen Raimo K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It affects predominantly brain areas that are critical for memory and learning and is characterized by two main pathological hallmarks: extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Protein kinase C (PKC) has been classified as one of the cognitive kinases controlling memory and learning. By regulating several signalling pathways involved in amyloid and tau pathologies, it also plays an inhibitory role in AD pathophysiology. Among downstream targets of PKC are the embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV)‐like RNA‐binding proteins that modulate the stability and the translation of specific target mRNAs involved in synaptic remodelling linked to cognitive processes. This MiniReview summarizes the current evidence on the role of PKC and ELAV‐like proteins in learning and memory, highlighting how their derangement can contribute to AD pathophysiology. This last aspect emphasizes the potential of pharmacological activation of PKC as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.
Factors Associated with the Combined Use of Antidepressants and Benzodiazepines in Major Depression: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Fulone Izabela , Silva Marcus T. , Lopes Luciane C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with the combined use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines (BDZs) in patients with major depression. We conducted a case–control study in the public health service of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The participants were all patients being treated with antidepressants, who were diagnosed with major depression. Patients who received a combination of antidepressants and BDZs were classified as cases, and those who used only antidepressants, as controls. Data were obtained from a pharmacy database, medical records and interviews with the healthcare team. The association of predisposing factors for combined therapy was analysed using logistic regression analysis, and the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Of the 1355 users of antidepressants, 265 had major depression, of whom 138 were cases and 127 were controls. The factors associated with combined use were age older than 35 years (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.7), absence of comorbidities (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–4.1) and no use of other drugs (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.3). Patients with combined use were more likely to exhibit inadequate prescribing, including inappropriate antidepressants (OR 4.7, 95% CI 2.2–9.9), inadequate dosages (OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.4–9.6) and/or a non‐recommended duration (OR 66.6, 95% CI 18.4–240.7). The factors identified showed the groups most susceptible to combined use in this population, who in turn are more likely to receive inappropriate prescriptions.
A Generalized Abundance Index for Seasonal Invertebrates
Authors: Dennis Emily B. , Morgan Byron J. T. , Freeman Stephen N. , Brereton Tom M. , Roy David B. 
Published: March 2016

Summary
At a time of climate change and major loss of biodiversity, it is important to have efficient tools for monitoring populations. In this context, animal abundance indices play an important rôle. In producing indices for invertebrates, it is important to account for variation in counts within seasons. Two new methods for describing seasonal variation in invertebrate counts have recently been proposed; one is nonparametric, using generalized additive models, and the other is parametric, based on stopover models. We present a novel generalized abundance index which encompasses both parametric and nonparametric approaches. It is extremely efficient to compute this index due to the use of concentrated likelihood techniques. This has particular relevance for the analysis of data from long-term extensive monitoring schemes with records for many species and sites, for which existing modeling techniques can be prohibitively time consuming. Performance of the index is demonstrated by several applications to UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme data. We demonstrate the potential for new insights into both phenology and spatial variation in seasonal patterns from parametric modeling and the incorporation of covariate dependence, which is relevant for both monitoring and conservation. Associated R code is available on the journal website.
Attachment anxiety predicts depression and anxiety symptoms following coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Kidd Tara , Poole Lydia , Ronaldson Amy , Leigh Elizabeth , Jahangiri Marjan , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveDepression and anxiety are associated with poor recovery in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients, but little is known about predictors of depression and anxiety symptoms.DesignWe tested the prospective association between attachment orientation, and symptoms of depression and anxiety in CABG patients, 6–8 weeks, and 12 months following surgery.MethodOne hundred and fifty‐five patients who were undergoing planned CABG surgery were recruited. Patients completed questionnaires measuring attachment, depression, and anxiety prior to surgery, then 6–8 weeks, and 12 months after surgery.ResultsAttachment anxiety predicted symptoms of depression and anxiety at both follow‐up time points, whereas attachment avoidance was not associated with depression or anxiety symptoms. The findings remained significant when controlling for baseline mood scores, social support, demographic, and clinical risk factors.ConclusionThese results suggest that attachment anxiety is associated with short‐term and long‐term depression and anxiety symptoms following CABG surgery. These results may offer important insight into understanding the recovery process in CABG surgery.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Depression and anxiety symptoms are twice more likely to occur in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) populations than in any other medical group.

Depression and anxiety are associated with poor recovery following cardiac surgery.

Predictors of depression and anxiety in CABG patients have been underexplored.

What does this study add?

This study highlights the importance of close interpersonal relationships on health.

Attachment anxiety was prospectively associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety.

These results add to understanding mechanisms linked to recovery following CABG.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related hypophysitis and endocrine dysfunction: clinical review
Authors: Joshi M.N , Whitelaw B.C. , Palomar M.T.P. , Wu Y. , Carroll P.V. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryImmune checkpoint inhibitors are a new and effective class of cancer therapy, with ipilimumab being the most established drug in this category. The drugs’ mechanism of action includes promoting the effector T cell response to tumours and therefore increased autoimmunity is a predictable side effect. The endocrine effects of these drugs include hypophysitis and thyroid dysfunction, with rare reports of adrenalitis. The overall incidence of hypophysitis with these medications is up to 9%. Primary thyroid dysfunction occurs in up to 15% of patients, with adrenalitis reported in approximately 1%. The mean onset of endocrine side effects is 9 weeks after initiation (range 5–36 weeks). Investigation and/or screening for hypophysitis requires biochemical and radiological assessment. Hypopituitarism is treated with replacement doses of deficient hormones. Since the endocrine effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors are classed as toxic adverse events, most authors recommend both discontinuation of the immune checkpoint inhibiting medication and ‘high‐dose’ glucocorticoid treatment. However, this has been challenged by some authors, particularly if the endocrine effects can be managed (e.g. pituitary hormone deficiency), and the therapy is proving effective as an anticancer agent. This review describes the mechanism of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors and details the key clinical endocrine‐related consequences of this novel class of immunotherapies.
Torsional power study using CENTURION phacoemulsification technology
Authors: Jensen Jason D , Shi Dallas S , Robinson Mark S , Kramer Gregory D , Zaugg Brian , Stagg Brian C , Pettey Jeff H , Barlow William R , Olson Randall J 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the effect of varying levels of power on phacoemulsification efficiency using the CENTURION Vision System.MethodsFormalin‐soaked porcine lenses were divided into 2‐mm cubes; 0.9‐mm, balanced tips were used. Torsional power levels were tested from 10% to 100% at 10% intervals. Vacuum was set to 550 mmHg, aspiration to 50 ml/min, and intraocular pressure at 50 mmHg. Efficiency (time to lens removal) and chatter (number of lens fragment repulsions from the tip) were determined.ResultsIncreasing torsional power up to 60% increased efficiency. This effect was linear from 30 to 60% power (R2 = .90; P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in efficiency past 60%. Chatter was highest at 10% power and decreased linearly (R2 = .87; P = 0.007) as power was increased up to 60% power, and chatter did not improve above this power level.ConclusionsPower improved efficiency only up to a 60% power level, and then was negligible. Chatter correlated well with power up to the 60% level, so that as power was increased, chatter decreased. Because there are no additional benefits in efficiency past 60% power, and because chatter is minimal at 60% power, we recommend torsional ultrasound at 60% as the optimal power setting for using the CENTURION System for phacoemulsification.l
Neurophysiological changes associated with implant placement
Authors: Hartmann Amely , Welte‐Jzyk Claudia , Seiler Marcus , Daubländer Monika 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of a standardized Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) protocol extra‐ and intraoral in patients to detect and quantify sensory disturbances of the inferior alveolar nerve due to the proximity of implantation procedures to the inferior alveolar nerve canal.Material and MethodsPatients who had obtained an implant placement were examined by implementing a comprehensive QST protocol for extra‐ and intraoral use. The study included 33 patients after implant placement in the lower jaw and one patient suffering from an inferior alveolar nerve injury. Patients were tested bilaterally (chin and mucosal lower lip).ResultsComparing the implanted vs. the control side, QST parameters revealed no significant neurophysiological changes in all parameters. Evaluating the development of sensory disturbances in dependency of the proximity of the implant to the inferior alveolar nerve canal, mechanical QST parameters showed no significant correlation. The mean distance of the inserted implant to the inferior nerve canal was 2.65 ± 1.75 mm. In the case of one patient suffering from impairment of the nerve function due to implant placement, we found abnormal sensory responses to touch coexisting with numbness and temperature algesia.ConclusionsMonitoring of trigeminal nerve fiber functions by QST intra‐ and extraoral is feasible to evaluate oral sensory pattern after implantation procedures. Sensory disturbances of the inferior alveolar nerve were shown to be avoided by keeping an average safety zone of 2.65 mm between implant and nerve.
Vocabulary, Grammar, Sex, and Aging
Authors: Moscoso del Prado Martín Fermín 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the changes in our language abilities along the lifespan is a crucial step for understanding the aging process both in normal and in abnormal circumstances. Besides controlled experimental tasks, it is equally crucial to investigate language in unconstrained conversation. I present an information‐theoretical analysis of a corpus of dyadic conversations investigating how the richness of the vocabulary, the word‐internal structure (inflectional morphology), and the syntax of the utterances evolves as a function of the speaker's age and sex. Although vocabulary diversity increases throughout the lifetime, grammatical diversities follow a different pattern, which also differs between women and men. Women use increasingly diverse syntactic structures at least up to their late fifties, and they do not deteriorate in terms of fluency through their lifespan. However, from age 45 onward, men exhibit a decrease in the diversity of the syntactic structures they use, coupled with an increased number of speech disfluencies.
Mitigating the Impact of Functional Dominance in Cross‐Functional Process Improvement Teams
Authors: Malhotra Manoj K. , Ahire Sanjay , Shang Guangzhi 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTManufacturing process improvement teams often draw upon cross‐functional expertise. However, teams dominated by a single or few functions often do not achieve the desired interdisciplinary learning and cooperation, which in turn could negatively affect the performance of that cross‐functional team. Through an empirical analysis of 149 manufacturing process improvement teams in six SIC industrial categories, we show that even after controlling for several factors such as team size, number of functions, gender diversity, ethnicity, number of management levels, and geographic dispersion of team members, psychological safety of work environment fully mediates the relationship between functional dominance and team performance. We also confirm that a team leader possessing high interpersonal justice mitigates the deficiency of dominated teams and improves team performance by fostering a psychologically safe work environment. Our recommendation therefore is that when a dominated team is unavoidable due to the needed skill sets or other organizational considerations, to ensure success it is imperative that the firm chooses a team leader who can promote psychological safety by being just, and who can effectively encourage input from all functional team members and give them objective feedback.
Reintervention for stent occlusion after bilateral self‐expandable metallic stent placement for malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Inoue Tadahisa , Naitoh Itaru , Okumura Fumihiro , Ozeki Takanori , Anbe Kaiki , Iwasaki Hiroyasu , Nishie Hirotada , Mizushima Takashi , Sano Hitoshi , Nakazawa Takahiro , Yoneda Masashi , Joh Takashi 
Published: March 2016

Background and AimEndoscopic reintervention for stent occlusions following bilateral self‐expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement for malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) is challenging, and time to recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) of the revisionary stent remains unclear. We aimed to clarify a suitable reintervention method for stent occlusions following bilateral SEMS placement for MHBO.MethodsBetween 2002 and 2014, 52 consecutive patients with MHBO who underwent endoscopic reintervention for stent occlusion after bilateral SEMS placement were enrolled at two university hospitals and one tertiary care referral center. We retrospectively evaluated the technical and functional success rates of the reinterventions, and the time to RBO of the revisionary stents.ResultsTechnical and functional success rates of the reinterventions were 92% (48/52) and 90% (43/48), respectively. Univariate analysis did not determine any significant predictive factors for technical and functional failures. Median time to RBO of the revisionary stents was 68 days. Median time to RBO was significantly longer for revisionary SEMS placement than for plastic stent placement (131 days vs 47 days, respectively; log–rank test, P = 0.005). Revisionary SEMS placement was the only independent factor that was significantly associated with a longer time to RBO of the revisionary stent in the multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis (hazard ratio 0.37; 95% confidence interval 0.14–0.95; P = 0.039).ConclusionRevisionary SEMS placement is a suitable endoscopic reintervention method for stent occlusion following bilateral SEMS placement from the perspective of time to RBO of the revisionary stent.