bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault Characteristics of Full Power Inverted Source Considering Low-voltage Ride Through Control Strategy
Authors: Zhang Chi , Zeng Jie , Zhao Wei , Zhong Guobin , Xu Qi , Luo Pandian , Li Weiren , Liu Bohan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
New energy source is thriving in China. However, the fault characteristics of grids have been altered significantly with the penetration of new energy source increasing. In conventional researches, the fault features of wind farms were discussed briefly or simply overlooked. This paper began with the theoretical analysis of control system of full power inverted (FPI) sources and indicated that the response time of current control loop is 8.5 ms, while the steady state current of FPI source is controlled by reference values and set value of current limiter; the expressions of steady state current of FPI source were presented then. In addition, main factors affecting fault current, including different active power generation before fault, different fault locations and different fault types, were analyzed comprehensively and compared through simulation to gain a clear insight into the whole process of faults. The research is helpful to obtain a better understanding of new energy source.
Molecular heterogeneity at the network level: high-dimensional testing, clustering and a TCGA case study
Authors: Städler Nicolas , Dondelinger Frank , Hill Steven M , Akbani Rehan , Lu Yiling , Mills Gordon B , Mukherjee Sach 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Molecular pathways and networks play a key role in basic and disease biology. An emerging notion is that networks encoding patterns of molecular interplay may themselves differ between contexts, such as cell type, tissue or disease (sub)type. However, while statistical testing of differences in mean expression levels has been extensively studied, testing of network differences remains challenging. Furthermore, since network differences could provide important and biologically interpretable information to identify molecular subgroups, there is a need to consider the unsupervised task of learning subgroups and networks that define them. This is a nontrivial clustering problem, with neither subgroups nor subgroup-specific networks known at the outset.

Results
We leverage recent ideas from high-dimensional statistics for testing and clustering in the network biology setting. The methods we describe can be applied directly to most continuous molecular measurements and networks do not need to be specified beforehand. We illustrate the ideas and methods in a case study using protein data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). This provides evidence that patterns of interplay between signalling proteins differ significantly between cancer types. Furthermore, we show how the proposed approaches can be used to learn subtypes and the molecular networks that define them.

Availability and implementation
As the Bioconductor package nethet.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Mechanical dyssynchrony of the left atrium during sinus rhythm is associated with history of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ciuffo Luisa , Inoue Yuko Y , Tao Susumu , Gucuk Ipek Esra , Balouch Muhammad , Lima Joao A C , Nazarian Saman , Spragg David D , Marine Joseph E , Berger Ronald D , Calkins Hugh , Ashikaga Hiroshi 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Aims
We sought to evaluate the relationship between left atrial (LA) mechanical dyssynchrony and history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that mechanical dyssynchrony of the LA is associated with history of stroke/TIA independent of LA function and Cardiac failure, Hypertension, Age, Diabetes, Stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA), VAscular disease, and Sex category (CHA2DS2-VASc) score in patients with AF.

Methods and results
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 246 patients with a history of AF (59 ± 10 years, 29% female, 26% non-paroxysmal AF) referred for catheter ablation to treat drug-refractory AF who underwent preablation cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in sinus rhythm. Using tissue-tracking CMR, we measured the LA longitudinal strain and strain rate in each of 12 equal-length segments in two- and four-chamber views. We defined indices of LA mechanical dyssynchrony, including the standard deviation of the time to the peak longitudinal strain (SD-TPS). Patients with a prior history of stroke or TIA (n = 23) had significantly higher SD-TPS than those without (n = 223) (39.9 vs. 23.4 ms, P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that SD-TPS was associated with stroke/TIA after adjusting for the CHA2DS2-VASc score, LA minimum index volume, and the peak LA longitudinal strain (P < 0.001). The receiver-operating characteristics curve showed that SD-TPS identified patients with stroke/TIA more accurately than CHA2DS2-VASc score alone (c-statistics: 0.82 vs. 0.75, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Higher mechanical dyssynchrony of the LA during sinus rhythm is associated with a history of stroke/TIA in patients with AF.
Rebound Deformity After Growth Modulation in Patients With Coronal Plane Angular Deformities About the Knee: Who Gets It and How Much?
Authors: Leveille Lise A. , Razi Ozan , Johnston Charles E. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
With observed success and increased popularity of growth modulation techniques, there has been a trend toward use in progressively younger patients. Younger age at growth modulation increases the likelihood of complete deformity correction and need for implant removal before skeletal maturity introducing the risk of rebound deformity. The purpose of this study was to quantify magnitude and identify risk factors for rebound deformity after growth modulation.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of all patients undergoing growth modulation with a tension band plate for coronal plane deformity about the knee with subsequent implant removal. Exclusion criteria included completion epiphysiodesis or osteotomy at implant removal, ongoing growth modulation, and <1 year radiographic follow-up without rebound deformity. Mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), and mechanical axis station were measured before growth modulation, before implant removal, and at final follow-up.

Results:
In total, 67 limbs in 45 patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age at growth modulation was 9.8 years (range, 3.4 to 15.4 y) and mean age at implant removal was 11.4 years (range, 5.3 to 16.4 y). Mean change in HKA after implant removal was 6.9 degrees (range, 0 to 23 degrees). In total, 52% of patients had >5 degrees rebound and 30% had >10 degrees rebound in HKA after implant removal. Females below 10 years and males below 12 years at time of growth modulation had greater mean change in HKA after implant removal compared with older patients (8.4 vs. 4.7 degrees, P=0.012). Patients with initial deformity >20 degrees had an increased frequency of rebound >10 degrees compared with patients with less severe initial deformity (78% vs. 22%, P=0.002).

Conclusions:
Rebound deformity after growth modulation is common. Growth modulation at a young age and large initial deformity increases risk of rebound. However, rebound does not occur in all at risk patients, therefore, we recommend against routine overcorrection.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—retrospective study.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs of Prenursing and Nursing Students About Sexual Assault
Authors: Strunk Judith L. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Sexual assault has been identified as a major public health problem in the United States, yet little research has been done regarding nursing students’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about sexual assault. Lack of knowledge, or victim-blaming attitudes held by healthcare providers can be problematic for the care of the sexual assault victim, leaving them feeling upset and distressed after the healthcare encounter. Prenursing and nursing students were surveyed about their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about sexual assault. A knowledge test, the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance scale, and the Attitudes Toward Rape Victims scale were utilized in the survey; 297 students completed the survey. Results indicate that rape myth acceptance is lower for nursing students in their last semester of college than in the prenursing group; and that last-semester nursing students held less victim-blaming attitudes toward rape victims than prenursing students. The knowledge test highlights problem areas that need to be addressed by nursing education to improve the care of sexual assault patients.
A Qualitative Exploration of Sexual Assault Patients’ Barriers to Accessing and Completing HIV Prophylaxis
Authors: Djelaj Valentina , Patterson Debra , Romero Christina M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Sexual assault patients may encounter barriers when accessing, accepting, and completing nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP), such as lacking insurance or an understanding of nPEP. However, less is known about how sexual assault forensic examiner (SAFE) programs’ protocols, approaches to discussing nPEP, and community resources may influence nPEP completion. Utilizing a qualitative case study framework, we conducted semistructured interviews with 10 SAFEs from an urban SAFE program in which emergency department physicians write prescriptions for nPEP before sending patients to the SAFE program. The participants identified barriers encountered by their patients, ranging from emergency department providers inconsistently offering prescriptions for the correct medication, to difficulty locating a local pharmacy stocking nPEP. The SAFEs also expressed concern that uninsured patients had to complete additional steps to access nPEP, while feeling overwhelmed by the immediacy of their assaults. Several participants raised concern that patients’ emotional distress and fear of acquiring HIV may impede their ability to comprehend information and access nPEP. Participants also noted that the 28-day nPEP regimen might be a daily reminder for patients of the sexual assault. The SAFEs identified multiple strategies for discussing HIV and nPEP with these patients. Implications of the SAFE’s role in reducing barriers are discussed.
Cirrhosis has no impact on therapeutic responses of entecavir for chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Wang Pin-Chao , Wei Tao-Yang , Tseng Tai-Chung , Lin Hans Hsienhong , Wang Chia-Chi 
Published: May 2017

Objective
As the efficacy of a direct antiviral agent is reduced in cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C patients, prolonged duration of treatment or addition of ribavirin is recommended to improve the rates of sustained virological response. However, the impact of cirrhosis on the efficacy of antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remained unclear.

Patients and methods
This retrospective cohort study screened entecavir (ETV)-treated CHB patients in Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital from January 2007 till October 2014. The diagnosis of cirrhosis was made on the basis of clinical/imaging or histologic findings. The primary endpoints were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss in HBeAg-positive patients and undetectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the overall study population. Initial virological response is defined as undetectable HBV DNA at 1-year ETV treatment.

Results
A total of 381 (262 men; mean age: 49.6±12.9 years) CHB patients were recruited for the final analysis. Of these, 138 were cirrhotic. In 143 HBeAg-positive patients, there was no difference in the rates of 1- and 2-year HBeAg loss between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients (P=0.226 and 0.729, respectively). In the overall population, the rate of 1-year undetectable HBV DNA was higher in patients with cirrhosis than those without cirrhosis (76.1 vs. 64.2%, P=0.016). The rate of 2-year undetectable HBV DNA was not different between these two groups. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, baseline HBV DNA levels (P=0.006) and HBeAg status (P=0.007), were associated with initial virological response, but not cirrhosis.

Conclusion
Therapeutic responses of ETV are not decreased in cirrhotic CHB patients. Thus, cirrhotic CHB patients can be treated with ETV without the need for dose adjustment.
Examining Drivers of Health Care Spending
Authors: Mitchell Jean M. , Reschovsky James D. , Film Roy J. , Franzini Luisa 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Despite the enactment of laws to restrict the practice of self-referral, exceptions in these prohibitions have enabled these arrangements to persist and proliferate. Most research documenting the effects of self-referral arrangements analyzed claims records from Medicare beneficiaries. Empirical evidence documenting the effects of self-referral on use of services and spending incurred by persons with private insurance is sparse.

Objectives:
We analyzed health insurance claims records from a large private insurer in Texas to evaluate the effects of physician self-referral arrangements involving physical therapy on the treatment of patients with frozen shoulder syndrome, elbow tendinopathy or tendinitis, and patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Study Design:
We used regression analysis to evaluate the effects of episode self-referral status on: (1) initiation of physical therapy; (2) physical therapy visits and services for those who had at least 1 visit; and (3) total condition-related insurer allowed amounts per episode.

Results:
For all 3 conditions, we found that patients treated by physician owners were much more likely to be referred for a course of physical therapy when compared with patients seen by physician nonowners. A consistent pattern emerged among patients who had at least 1 physical therapy visit; non–self-referred episodes included more physical therapy visits, and more physical therapy services per episode in comparison with episodes classified as self-referral. Most self-referred episodes were short and the initial visit did not include an evaluation.

Conclusion:
Physician owners of physical therapy services refer significantly higher percentages of patients to physical therapy and many are equivocal cases.
An Unusual Case of Sudden Death
Authors: Aquila Isabella , Boca Silvia , Caputo Fiorella , Sacco Matteo A. , Gratteri Santo , Fineschi Vittorio , Ricci Pietrantonio 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In adults, the most common cause of sudden death is coronary heart disease or defects in the cardiac conduction system; however, there are many cases of sudden death occurring from other causes such as fatal pulmonary thromboembolism. Several risk factors are recognized, including hospitalization, surgery, obesity, pregnancy, the use of oral contraceptives, traumatic fractures, and genetic conditions, which cause hypercoagulable states such as factor V Leiden mutations. Although many risk factors have been identified, the mortality rate is still high. An association between thyroid disease and coagulation disorders has previously been demonstrated. However, scientific literature does not yet agree on the association between thyroid diseases and pulmonary thromboembolism. Excessive thyroid hormones can determine an alteration in the hemostatic system through different mechanisms, which lead to a hypercoagulable state. In forensic literature, there are no reports of fatal thromboembolism in patients with thyroid disorders. We reported a case of a 41-year-old woman who died during sexual activity. The autopsy findings highlighted the presence of massive pulmonary embolism. Histopathological analysis showed structural anomalies of the thyroid gland. A retrospective analysis of her medical history and possible genetic alterations were performed.
Physical Therapy for a Child With Infantile Idiopathic Scoliosis and Motor Delay
Authors: Hall Rhea K. , Rapport Mary Jane 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of this case report is to describe physical therapy (PT) for a child with infantile idiopathic scoliosis and motor delay.

Key Points:
A 10-month-old boy with a 28° left thoracolumbar scoliosis was referred for PT and was seen weekly in his home over a 6-month period following a diagnosis of scoliosis and delayed gross motor milestones. Before the initiation of PT, the child was scheduled to undergo serial casting for correction of the spinal curve and was not yet rolling or transitioning in or out of sitting. By the end of the 6-month intervention period, the spinal curve had resolved to 12° without the need for serial casting and the child was walking independently.

Conclusion:
PT appeared to have a positive effect on reduction of the spinal curve and achievement of gross motor milestones.
The Effect and Safety of Prostaglandin Administration in Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: Lironi Céline , McLin Valérie A. , Wildhaber Barbara E. 
Published: May 2017

Background
Prostaglandins are often administered after liver transplantation (LT) to diminish ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), to favor liver recovery and to prevent vascular thrombosis. Possible beneficial effects in adult liver recipients are controversial, but the single existing pediatric small case series shows no significant impact of prostaglandin administration after LT. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the prostaglandin dinoprostone in pediatric liver recipients.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 41 children (<16 years) who underwent LT between March 2008 and December 2013 was performed. Dinoprostone was administered at a rate from 0.1 to a maximum of 0.6 μg/kg per hour immediately after LT and for a maximum of 5 days. Effect of dinoprostone on post-LT IRI and hepatic function up to 60 postoperative days and number of hypotensive episodes were analyzed.

Results
The median cumulative dose of dinoprostone was 28 μg/kg (interquartile range, 23.2). Dinoprostone had no significant effect on post-LT liver function tests and factor V levels at any of the administered dosages. There was no significant association between the total quantity of vasopressor given and the number of hypotensive episodes observed in 8 patients. One patient showed a short-lasting hypotension, possibly related to the administration of dinoprostone.

Conclusions
This study did not show, at any dosage between 0.1 and 0.6 μg/kg per hour, any differences in beneficial or harmful effects of high- or low-dose dinoprostone administered immediately after pediatric LT on markers of IRI, hepatic function, or hypotension.
Network analysis of high-density microelectrode recordings
Authors: Bullmann Torsten , Radivojevic Milos , Huber Stefan , Deligkaris Kosmas , Hierlemann Andreas , Frey Urs 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA high-density microelectrode arrays (HDMEA) with 3,150 electrodes per square millimetre was used to capture neuronal activity across various scales, including axons, dendrites, and networks. We present a new method for high-throughput segmentation of axons based on the spatial smoothness of signal delays. Comparison with both ground truth and receiver operator characteristics shows that the new segmentation method outperforms previous methods based on the signal-amplitude-to-noise ratio. Structural and functional neuronal network connectivity were reconstructed using a common extension of “Peter’s rule” and a inter-spike histogram method, respectively. Approximately one third of these connections are putative chemical synapses. We evaluated the spike patterns but did not find evidence for “polychronisation” (non-synchronous but precisely timed spike sequences). The developed framework can be used to investigate the relationship between the topology of neuronal connections and emerging temporal spike patterns observed in dissociated neuronal cultures.
Individual differences in perceptual decision making reflect neural variability in medial frontal cortex
Authors: Kurikawa Tomoki , Handa Takashi , Fukai Tomoki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDecision making obeys common neural mechanisms, but there is considerable variability in individuals’ decision making behavior particularly under uncertainty. How individual differences arise within common decision making brain systems is not known. Here, we explored this question in the medial frontal cortex (MFC) of rats performing a sensory-guided choice task. When rats trained on familiar stimuli were exposed to unfamiliar stimuli, choice responses varied significantly across individuals. We examined how variability in MFC neural processing could mediate this individual difference and constructed a network model to replicate this. Our model suggested that susceptibility of neural trajectories is a crucial determinant of the observed choice variability. The model predicted that trial-by-trial variability of trajectories are correlated with the susceptibility, and hence also correlated with the individual difference. This prediction was confirmed by experiment. Thus, our results suggest that variability in neural dynamics in MFC networks underlies individual differences in decision making.
Quantitative MRI provides markers of intra-, inter-regional, and age-related differences in young adult cortical microstructure
Authors: Carey Daniel , Caprini Francesco , Allen Micah , Lutti Antoine , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Rees Geraint , Callaghan Martina F. , Dick Frederic 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMeasuring the structural composition of the cortex is critical to understanding typical development, yet few investigations in humans have charted markers in vivo that are sensitive to tissue microstructural attributes. Here, we used a well-validated quantitative MR protocol to measure four parameters (R1, MT, R2*, PD*) that differ in their sensitivity to facets of the tissue microstructural environment (R1, MT: myelin, macromolecular content; R2*: paramagnetic ions, i.e., iron; PD*: free water content). Mapping these parameters across cortical regions in a young adult cohort (18-30 years, N=93) revealed expected patterns of increased macromolecular content as well as reduced tissue water content in primary and primary adjacent cortical regions. Mapping across cortical depth within regions showed decreased expression of myelin and related processes – but increased tissue water content – when progressing from the grey/white to the grey/pial boundary, in all regions. Charting developmental change in cortical microstructure, we found that parameters with the greatest sensitivity to tissue myelin (R1& MT) showed linear increases with age across frontal and parietal cortex (change 0.5-1.0% per year). Overlap of robust age effects for both parameters emerged in left inferior frontal, right parietal and bilateral pre-central regions. Our findings afford an improved understanding of ontogeny in early adulthood and offer normative quantitative MR data for inter- and intra-cortical composition, which may be used as benchmarks in further studies.HighlightsWe mapped multi-parameter maps (MPMs) across and within cortical regionsWe charted age effects on myelin and related processes at mid-cortical depthInter- and intra-regional differences in MPMs emerged at primary and association cortexIron-sensitive R2* map foci tended to overlap MPMs sensitive to myelin (R1, MT)R1and MT increased with age (0.5-1.0% per year) in frontal and parietal cortex