bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting “Retired Antigens” for Cancer Immunoprevention
Authors: Shoemaker Robert H. , Forsthuber Thomas G. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Identification of immune targets for cancer immunoprevention, or immunotherapy, has historically focused on tumor-associated (self) antigens or neoantigens expressed on malignant cells. For self-antigens, overcoming tolerance can be a difficult challenge. Neoantigens do not suffer from this limitation, but the lack of recurrent mutations yielding common neoantigens that can be exploited in vaccines is a problem for many tumor types. Targeting “retired antigens,” a specialized type of self-antigen, may have considerable advantages. Antigens no longer expressed in mature or aged individuals should pose reduced risk of autoimmune sequelae. Indeed, self-tolerance of these antigens may have naturally faded. Thus, when the retired antigens are highly expressed in cancer cells, it may be easier to overcome the remaining tolerance. Women who are BRCA1/2 carriers may be among the first to benefit as candidate retired antigens have been identified as highly expressed in ovarian and breast cancer cells. Although there is good preclinical data supporting this immune targeting concept, additional research is needed to understand the underlying immune phenomena and optimize the vaccine strategy. Cancer Prev Res; 10(11); 607–8. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Mazumder et al., p. 612
Preoperative Nutritional Optimization for Crohn’s Disease Patients Can Improve Surgical Outcome
Authors: Dreznik Yael , Horesh Nir , Gutman Mordechai , Gravetz Aviad , Amiel Imri , Jacobi Harel , Zmora Oded , Rosin Danny 
Published: November 2017

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Preoperative preparation of patients with Crohn’s disease is challenging and there are no specific guidelines regarding nutritional support. The aim of this study was to assess whether preoperative nutritional support influenced the postoperative outcome. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A retrospective, cohort study including all Crohn’s disease patients who underwent abdominal surgery between 2008 and 2014 was conducted. Patients’ characteristics and clinical and surgical data were recorded and analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eighty-seven patients were included in the study. Thirty-seven patients (42.5%) received preoperative nutritional support (mean albumin level 3.14 vs. 3.5 mg/dL in the non-optimized group; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.02) to optimize their nutritional status prior to surgery. Preoperative albumin level, after adequate nutritional preparation, was similar between the 2 groups. The 2 groups differ neither in demographic and surgical data, overall post-op complication (<i>p</i> = 0.85), Clavien-Dindo score (<i>p</i> = 0.42), and length of stay (<i>p</i> = 0.1). Readmission rate was higher in the non-optimized group (<i>p</i> = 0.047). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Nutritional support can minimize postoperative complications in patients with low albumin levels. Nutritional status should be optimized in order to avoid hazardous complications.
Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on Exercise Capacity and Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights From Cardiopulmonary Stress Testing
Authors: Elshazly Mohamed B. , Senn Todd , Wu Yuping , Lindsay Bruce , Saliba Walid , Wazni Oussama , Cho Leslie 
Published: November 2017

Background

Atrial fibrillation (
AF
) has been objectively associated with exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; however, its impact in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction has not been fully scrutinized.

Methods and Results

We identified 1744 patients with heart failure and ejection fraction ≥50% referred for cardiopulmonary stress testing at the Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, OH), 239 of whom had
AF
. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting to balance clinical characteristics between patients with and without
AF
. A weighted linear regression model, adjusted for unbalanced variables (age, sex, diagnosis, hypertension, and β‐blocker use), was used to compare metabolic stress parameters and 8‐year total mortality (social security index) between both groups. Weighted mean ejection fraction was 58±5.9% in the entire population. After adjusting for unbalanced weighted variables, patients with
AF
versus those without
AF
had lower mean peak oxygen consumption (18.5±6.2 versus 20.3±7.1 mL/kg per minute), oxygen pulse (12.4±4.3 versus 12.9±4.7 mL/beat), and circulatory power (2877±1402 versus 3351±1788 mm Hg·mL/kg per minute) (
P
<0.001 for all comparisons) but similar submaximal exercise capacity (oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold, 12.0±5.1 versus 12.4±6.0mL/kg per minute;
P
=0.3). Both groups had similar peak heart rate, whereas mean peak systolic blood pressure was lower in the
AF
group (150±35 versus 160±51 mm Hg;
P
<0.001). Moreover,
AF
was associated with higher total mortality.

Conclusions

In the largest study of its kind, we demonstrate that
AF
is associated with peak exercise intolerance, impaired contractile reserve, and increased mortality in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Whether
AF
is the primary offender in these patients or merely a bystander to worse diastolic function requires further investigation.
Making History: Identity, Progress and the Modern-Science Archive
Authors: Ragab Ahmed 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The history of pre- and early-modern science, medicine, and technology in the Islamicate world has been traditionally charted around certain signposts: Translation, Golden Age, and Decline. These signposts tethered the history of Islamic sciences to a European story that culminates in the Scientific Revolution and that links European colonial expansion (causally and chronologically) to modernity. This article looks at the roots of the classical narrative of the history of Islamic sciences and explores its connections to the production of colonial sciences and the proliferation of colonial education. Moving beyond the validity or accuracy of the Golden-Age/Decline narrative, it asks about the archives that such a narrative constructs and the viability of categories and chronologies, such as the “early modern,” in thinking about histories of the Global South, in general, and of the Islamicate “world” in particular.
Effect of immunosuppressive therapies on survival of systemic lupus erythematosus: a propensity score analysis of a longitudinal cohort
Authors: Mok C C , Tse S M , Chan K L , Ho L Y 
Published: October 2017

Objectives The aim of this study was to study the relationship between immunosuppressive drug treatment and survival in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Patients who fulfilled four or more American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE were followed longitudinally. Clinical characteristics, use of immunosuppressive agents and mortality were reviewed. Cox regression was used to study the relationship between immunosuppressive treatment and survival, adjusted for age, sex, vascular risk factors, organ damage, the anti-phospholipid antibodies and a propensity score for the indication of individual immunosuppressive agent derived from separate regression models. Results A total of 803 SLE patients were studied (92% women; age of SLE onset 33.2±14 years; follow-up time 10.8±7.7 years). The frequencies of ever use of immunosuppressive agents were: high-dose prednisolone (≥0.6 mg/kg/day for ≥4 weeks) (85%), azathioprine (63%), cyclophosphamide (25%), mycophenolate mofetil (27%), the calcineurin inhibitors (23%) and hydroxychloroquine (69%). Ninety-seven patients (12%) died and 56 (7%) patients were lost to follow-up. The causes of death were infection (44%), cerebrovascular events (12%), cardiovascular events (10%) and malignancy (8.2%). Cox regression revealed that the ever use of high-dose prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurin inhibitors or cyclophosphamide was not significantly associated with improved survival. However, the ever use of hydroxychloroquine (hazard ratio 0.59 (0.37–0.93); P=0.02) and azathioprine (hazard ratio 0.46 (0.28–0.75); P=0.002) was significantly associated with reduced mortality (41% and 54%, respectively) after adjustment for the propensity score and other confounding factors. A similar beneficial effect of hydroxychloroquine and azathioprine on survival was also observed in patients with lupus nephritis. Conclusions In this longitudinal cohort of Chinese SLE patients, the ever use of hydroxychloroquine and azathioprine was significantly associated with a probability of better survival. Treatment with high-dose prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil or the calcineurin inhibitors was not associated with long-term survival benefit.
Cutaneous vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: potential key players and implications
Authors: Gheita T A , Abaza N M , Sayed S , El-Azkalany G S , Fishawy H S , Eissa A H 
Published: October 2017

Objectives The aim of the present work was to study the clinical characteristics of cutaneous vasculitis (CV) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and find possible potential key players in its development and implicated associations with the disease manifestations. Patients and methods Fifty adult female SLE patients underwent full history taking, thorough clinical examination and laboratory investigations. The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and accumulated damage using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborative Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SLICC/ACR DI) were assessed. Results The mean age of the patients was 29.1 ± 6.1 years and was significantly lower in those with CV ( p = 0.018). The disease duration was 4.9 ± 3.7 years. CV was present in 30% of the patients. Musculoskeletal manifestations and hypocomplementemia were present in all patients with CV. The SLEDAI and SLICC/ACR DI tended to be higher in those with CV. Complement (C3 and C4) was significantly consumed in CV patients ( p < 0.0001). Antiphospholipids were comparable between those with and without CV. Lupus nephritis, cardiovascular manifestations and Sjögren syndrome were significantly linked to the development of CV ( p = 0.025, p = 0.023 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Both C3 and C4 showed a high sensitivity (93.3% and 86.7%) to detect CV in SLE at cut-off values below 81.4 mg/dl and 16.8 mg/dl, respectively. Conclusion CV is closely related to hypocomplementemia but not to antiphospholipids and is associated with lupus nephritis, musculoskeletal manifestations and Sjögren syndrome.
Effects of postharvest oligochitosan treatment on fungal diseases and defence responses in Dongxue peach fruit
Authors: Chen Chen , Hu Wenzhong , Zhang Ruidong , Jiang Aili 
Published: October 2017

In this study, the effects of oligochitosan treatment on controlling postharvest diseases in Dongxue peach ( Prunus Persica L. Batsch, cv Dongxuemi) were examined and the possible underlying mechanisms were discussed. Results showed that the disease incidence and lesion area in peach fruit inoculated with Monilinia fructicola and Penicillium expansum were all remarkably reduced by oligochitosan treatment. Oligochitosan treatment inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of the two fungi in vitro. Oligochitosan treatment also induced upregulation of the salicylic acid signalling pathway-related genes (NPR1, PR1 and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) and enhanced the levels of total phenolics, flavonoids and lignin in peach. Meanwhile, enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, polyphenoloxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase also increased. These findings suggest that the effects of oligochitosan on the disease control of peach fruit may be associated with its direct antimicrobial effects as well as increasing antioxidant, phenylpropanoid metabolism and accumulating antifungal compounds by activating the salicylic acid-dependent pathway.
Endovascular treatment of middle cerebral artery aneurysms: A single center experience with a focus on thromboembolic complications
Authors: Link Thomas W , Boddu Srikanth R , Hammad Hoda T , Knopman Jared , Lin Ning , Gobin Pierre , Patsalides Athos 
Published: October 2017

Background Endovascular treatment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms has traditionally been considered difficult due to complex branching patterns, frequent involvement of parent vessels within the aneurysm neck, and a high incidence of thromboembolic complications. Methods The cases of 93 MCA aneurysms treated with endovascular intervention at our institution between 2003 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic variables were recorded and analyzed. Results Immediate complete or near-complete occlusion was achieved in 81 (90%) cases. At the longest follow up of 6 months or greater, 83.3% of the aneurysms were stable-to-improved in the Raymond occlusion classification, 8.3% were found to have minor recanalization not requiring retreatment, and 8.3% required retreatment due to significant recanalization. Thromboembolic events occurred in 18 (19.3%) of cases, but only 1 resulted in permanent vessel occlusion and only 1 resulted in permanent neurologic impairment. Thrombus was resolved with intra-arterial thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy in 17 of the 18 cases. There were only two cases resulting in morbidity (2.15%). There was no statistically significant correlation between aneurysm location, size, morphology, or use of adjuvant device with radiographic outcome or thromboembolic event. Conclusions While the rate of thromboembolic events in our series was 19%, the overall morbidity was only 2%. This highlights the fact that even complex MCA aneurysms can safely and effectively be treated by endovascular means with or without the use of balloon or stent assistance, as long as the interventionalist is astutely aware of the possibility of thrombus formation and acts accordingly with thrombolytic therapy when necessary.
Platelets from donors with consistently low HLA-B8, -B12, or -B35 expression do not undergo antibody-mediated internalization
Authors: Saris Anno , Tomson Bert , Brand Anneke , Mulder Arend , Claas Frans H. , Lorinser Jos , Scharenberg John , van Ham S. Marieke , ten Brinke Anja , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , van der Meer Pieter F. 
Published: November 2017

Key Points
HLA-B8, -B12, or -B35 expression on platelets varies significantly between donors and in certain donors is consistently low or undetectable. Antibody-mediated internalization of platelets correlates with antigen expression and is absent in platelets with low HLA expression.
Invited commentary on … Confusing procedures with process in cognitive bias modification research
Authors: Cristea Ioana A. , Kok Robin N. , Cuijpers Pim 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe notion that cognitive bias modification should be appraised exclusively on the basis of trials where its postulated mechanisms were successfully changed starkly contradicts the standards of evidence-based psychotherapy. In the laboratory or as a treatment, cognitive bias modification cannot continue to eschew the rigorous scrutiny applied to other interventions.
Bosutinib Versus Imatinib for Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Results From the Randomized BFORE Trial
Authors: Cortes Jorge E. , Gambacorti-Passerini Carlo , Deininger Michael W. , Mauro Michael J. , Chuah Charles , Kim Dong-Wook , Dyagil Irina , Glushko Nataliia , Milojkovic Dragana , le Coutre Philipp , Garcia-Gutierrez Valentin , Reilly Laurence , Jeynes-Ellis Allison , Leip Eric , Bardy-Bouxin Nathalie , Hochhaus Andreas , Brümmendorf Tim H. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose Bosutinib is a potent dual SRC/ABL kinase inhibitor approved for adults with Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) resistant and /or intolerant to prior therapy. We assessed the efficacy and safety of bosutinib versus imatinib for first-line treatment of chronic-phase CML. Methods In this ongoing, multinational, phase III study, 536 patients with newly diagnosed chronic-phase CML were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive 400 mg of bosutinib once daily (n = 268) or imatinib (n = 268). Per protocol, efficacy was assessed in patients who were Philadelphia chromosome–positive with typical (e13a2/e14a2) transcripts (bosutinib, n = 246; imatinib, n = 241). Patients with Philadelphia chromosome–negative–/ BCR-ABL1–positive status and those with unknown Philadelphia chromosome status and/or atypical BCR-ABL1 transcript type were excluded from this population. Results The major molecular response (MMR) rate at 12 months (primary end point) was significantly higher with bosutinib versus imatinib (47.2% v 36.9%, respectively; P = .02), as was complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) rate by 12 months (77.2% v 66.4%, respectively; P = .0075). Cumulative incidence was favorable with bosutinib (MMR: hazard ratio, 1.34; P = .0173; CCyR: hazard ratio, 1.38; P < .001), with earlier response times. Four patients (1.6%) receiving bosutinib and six patients (2.5%) receiving imatinib experienced disease progression to accelerated/blast phase. Among treated patients, 22.0% of patients receiving bosutinib and 26.8% of patients receiving imatinib discontinued treatment, most commonly for drug-related toxicity (12.7% and 8.7%, respectively). Grade ≥ 3 diarrhea (7.8% v 0.8%) and increased ALT (19.0% v 1.5%) and AST (9.7% v 1.9%) levels were more common with bosutinib. Cardiac and vascular toxicities were uncommon. Conclusion Patients who received bosutinib had significantly higher rates of MMR and CCyR and achieved responses faster than those who received imatinib. Consistent with the known safety profile, GI events and transaminase elevations were more common with bosutinib. Results indicate bosutinib may be an effective first-line treatment for chronic-phase CML.
Cancer complaints: The profile of patients from the emergency department of a Brazilian oncology teaching hospital
Authors: Batalini Felipe , Gomes Millena , I Fábio , Kuwae Flávio , Macanhan Giselle , Pereira Julio L.B. 
Published: October 2017

Background: With the increase in prevalence of cancer in our society, we aim to clarify through primary data use what drives emergency department (ED) utilization among patients with cancer. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A direct survey was applied to cancer patients over 277 visits in 2015. Variables including chief complaint for current and last visit, frequency of visits, primary tumor site, and demographics were collected. Results: Pain was the most common complaint, responsible for 40% of visits, followed by constitutional symptoms (17%), and gastrointestinal complaints (11%). Abdominal pain was the single most noted pain type, with 18.4%, and had the highest rate of recurrence. It was followed by back pain, dyspnea, asthenia and fever, accounting for 8.5%, 8.5%, 8.1% and 7%, respectively. Cervical cancer represented 14.8% of patients, followed by breast (11.6%) and lung (7.6%) cancers. The majority of patients visited the emergency department less than once a month. Conclusion: The drivers of emergency department utilization among patients with cancer found through primary use data mostly confirm findings from larger studies with secondary use data. Our research underscores the burden of pain to patients with cancer, as it is the most common complaint leading to ED visits, and generally requires multiple visits. Abdominal pain was more likely to recur than other complaints. Patients could benefit from focused outpatient pain management, and from more research and education targeting cancer-related pain.
Development of a deep neural network derived from contours defined by consensus-based guidelines for automatic target segmentation in hepatocellular carcinoma radiotherapy: A study protocol
Authors: Zhao Jiandong , Wang Jiazhou , Cheng Mingxia 
Published: November 2017

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death in China and around the world. Tumoricidal doses of modern radiation therapy (RT) can now be safely delivered with excellent local control and minimal toxicity. Delivering adequate doses of radiation to the primary tumor, while preserving adjacent healthy organs, depends on accurate target identification. In recent years, different novel machine learning techniques, including artificial intelligence technology, have been exploited in RT with impressive results in automatic image segmentation. If the machine learning algorithms are trained on delineated contours, according to consensus contouring guidelines, it promises greatly reduced interobserver and intraobserver variability in target delineation, thus substantially improving the quality and efficiency of HCC radiotherapy. This study protocol proposes to develop a fully-automated target structure contouring system, which is based on deep neural networks trained on contours delineated according to consensus contouring guidelines in HCC radiotherapy. In addition, the study will evaluate the contouring system’s feasibility and performance during application in normal clinical operations. The study is ongoing (data analysis).
Helping Seniors Plan for Posthospital Discharge Needs Before a Hospitalization Occurs: Results from the Randomized Control Trial of PlanYourLifespan.org
Authors: Lindquist Lee A. , Ramirez‐Zohfeld Vanessa , Sunkara Priya D. , Forcucci Chris , Campbell Dianne S. , Mitzen Phyllis , Ciolino Jody D. , Kricke Gayle , Seltzer Anne , Ramirez Ana V. , Cameron Kenzie A. 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDHospitalized seniors are frequently too sick to make informed decisions about their postdischarge care. Subsequently, loved ones often make support choices (eg, skilled nursing facility placement, caregivers) at discharge. We sought to advance the timeline for postacute care decisions to before a hospitalization occurs.OBJECTIVEInvestigate the effect of PlanYourLifespan.org (PYL) on knowledge of posthospital discharge options.DESIGNMultisite randomized controlled trial.SETTING/PATIENTSNonhospitalized adults, aged ≥65 years, living in urban, suburban, and rural areas of Texas, Illinois, and Indiana.INTERVENTIONPYL is a national, publicly available tool that provides education on posthospital therapy choices and local home‐based resources.MEASUREMENTSParticipants completed an in‐person baseline survey, followed by exposure to intervention or attention control (AC) websites, then 1‐month and 3‐month telephone surveys. The primary knowledge outcome was measured with 6 items (possible 0‐6 points) pertaining to hospital discharge needs.RESULTSAmong 385 participants randomized, mean age was 71.9 years (standard deviation 5.6) and 79.5% of participants were female. At 1 month, the intervention group had a 0.6 point change (standard deviation = 1.6) versus the AC group who had a ‐0.1 point change in knowledge score. Linear mixed modeling results suggest sex, health literacy level, level of education, income, and history of high blood pressure/kidney disease were significant predictors of knowledge over time. Controlling for these variables, treatment effect remained significant (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSeniors who used PYL demonstrated an increased understanding of posthospitalization and home services compared to the control group.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT0 2256072.