bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Strong Turbulence Effects on Laser and Speckle Propagation
Authors: Adansi Richard O. , Rodriguez Arturo , Kumar Piyush , Kumar Vinod 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Analysis of a strong turbulence effect on electromagnetic wave propagation requires extensive knowledge of the earth’s atmospheric phenomena and Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory of light propagation. Strong atmospheric Turbulence often encounters optical systems’ propagation, causing interference and diffraction. Nonetheless, light propagation through randomly fluctuating media has been an exciting and active area of extensive research over many decades. This research holistically examined Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory of light propagation through unstable medium and its effects (diffraction/interference) on optical systems. Generally, atmospheric Turbulence causes scintillations, beam spreading, phase fluctuations, beam-wander, and jitter that can degrade and limit the performance of imaging and laser systems. However, effectively characterizing strong turbulence effects on electromagnetic wave propagation still needs to be solved.
Additionally, the DE, the U.S. Air Force, and the U.S. Space Force must consider strong and substantial turbulence impacts on optical systems. Therefore, we took a holistic approach to examine the problem and revisit existing mitigation measures for gaps. We discussed the refractive index fluctuation (scintillation), a stimulant of atmospheric Turbulence for optical systems and light propagation.
Similarly, we investigated Refractive Index Structure Function, Dn(r), Power Spectral Density (PSD), and associated atmospheric parameters. Additionally, we examined multi-concept leading to the Refractive Index Structure Function, Dn(r), and different mathematical formulations of Power Spectral Density (PSD). We formulated an analytical approach to a solution of the wave equation by the multiple integrals (involving complex integrands) technique. We investigated and implemented various mathematical and computational algorithms governing strong atmospheric Turbulence and spatial-temporal imaging. We proposed developing a mathematical framework to simulate optical propagation through Turbulence. We identified helpful software for image processing and an Artificial Neural Network to predict phase screen generation via a Large Language Model.
Longitudinal Associations Between Physical Activity and Sleep Duration in Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Bucko Agnes G. , Armstrong Bridget , McIver Kerry L. , McLain Alexander C. , Pate Russell R. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study examined longitudinal associations between average physical activity (PA) levels in children and their sleep duration, and whether changes in PA levels are associated with their sleep duration. Methods: Data were collected on 108 children at 4 time points: when children were 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age (44% female, 50% Non-Hispanic White). PA was assessed using accelerometry. Children’s daytime, nighttime, and 24-hour sleep duration were measured with actigraphy. Linear mixed model analyses estimated the associations between average PA levels over time and changes in PA over time, treating each sleep duration variable as an outcome in separate linear mixed model analyses. Results: Children with higher total PA levels slept less during the day compared with children with lower total PA levels over the 2-year period. The strength of the relationship between a child’s PA levels and their 24-hour sleep duration decreased as they approached 24 months of age. Conclusions: The results suggest that while PA may be developmentally beneficial overall, it appears that its relationship with sleep duration is not clinically relevant in very young children.
Defining our worth
Authors: Sharp Susan E. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

A recent article by Rodino et al. published in the
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
(K. G. Rodino, P. M. Luethy, A. N. Abbott, J. M. Bender, A. R. Eberly, M. Gitman, A. Leber, and J. Dien Bard, J Clin Microbiol 62:e00359-24, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00359-24
) hones in on clinical consultation as a way for clinical microbiology laboratory directors (CMLDs) to provide evidence of our worth. They relate that, unlike our physician colleagues, we are unable to generate billing for clinical consultations, relative value units, or other metrics that could assist to describe our import. Their study evaluated consultations performed by CMLDs as a way to underscore our importance as a key member of the healthcare team.
Lipidomic analyses reveal distinctive variations in homeoviscous adaptation among clinical strains of
Acinetobacter baumannii
, providing insights from an environmental adaptation perspective
Authors: Dessenne Clara , Ménart Benoît , Acket Sébastien , Dewulf Gisèle , Guerardel Yann , Vidal Olivier , Rossez Yannick 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter baumannii
is known for its antibiotic resistance and is increasingly found outside of healthcare settings. To survive colder temperatures, bacteria, including
A. baumannii
, adapt by modifying glycerophospholipids (GPL) to maintain membrane flexibility. This study examines the lipid composition of six clinical
A. baumannii
strains, including the virulent AB5075, at two temperatures. At 18°C, five strains consistently show an increase in palmitoleic acid (C16:1), while ABVal2 uniquely shows an increase in oleic acid (C18:1). LC-HRMS2 analysis identifies shifts in GPL and glycerolipid composition between 18°C and 37°C, highlighting variations in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) lipids. ABVal2 shows increased PE with C18:1 and C16:1 at 18°C, but no change in PG, in contrast to other strains that show increased PE and PG with C16:1. Notably, although
A. baumannii
typically lacks FabA, a key enzyme for unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, this enzyme was found in both ABVal2 and ABVal3. In addition, ABVal2 contains five candidate desaturases that may contribute to its lipid profile. The study also reveals variations in strain motility and biofilm formation over temperature. These findings enhance our understanding
of A. baumann
ii’s physiological adaptations, survival strategies and ecological fitness in different environments.

IMPORTANCE

Acinetobacter baumannii
, a bacterium known for its resistance to antibiotics, is a concern in healthcare settings. This study focused on understanding how this bacterium adapts to different temperatures and how its lipid composition changes. Lipids are the building blocks of cell membranes. By studying these changes, scientists can gain insights into how the bacterium survives and behaves in various environments. This understanding improves our understanding of its global dissemination capabilities. The results of the study contribute to our broader understanding of how
Acinetobacter baumannii
works, which is important for developing strategies to combat its impact on patient health.
Half-Life and Clearance of Cardiac Troponin I and Troponin T in Humans
Authors: Kristensen Jonas Henrik , Hasselbalch Rasmus Bo , Strandkjær Nina , Jørgensen Nicoline , Østergaard Morten , Møller-Sørensen Peter Hasse , Nilsson Jens Christian , Afzal Shoaib , Kamstrup Pia Rørbæk , Dahl Morten , Bor Mustafa Vakur , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Rode Line , Holmvang Lene , Kjærgaard Jesper , Bang Lia Evi , Forman Julie , Dalhoff Kim , Jaffe Allan S. , Thygesen Kristian , Bundgaard Henning , Iversen Kasper Karmark 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cardiac troponin (cTn) is key in diagnosing myocardial infarction (MI). After MI, the clinically observed half-life of cTn has been reported to be 7 to 20 hours, but this estimate reflects the combined elimination and simultaneous release of cTn from cardiomyocytes. More precise timing of myocardial injuries necessitates separation of these 2 components. We used a novel method for determination of isolated cTn elimination kinetics in humans.

METHODS:
Patients with MI were included within 24 hours after revascularization and underwent plasmapheresis to obtain plasma with a high cTn concentration. After at least 3 weeks, patients returned for an autologous plasma retransfusion followed by blood sampling for 8 hours. cTn was measured with 5 different high-sensitivity cTn assays.

RESULTS:
Of 25 included patients, 20 participants (mean age, 64.5 years; SD, 8.2 years; 4 women [20%]) received a retransfusion after a median of 5.8 weeks (interquartile range, 5.0–6.9 weeks) after MI. After retransfusion of a median of 620 mL (range, 180–679 mL) autologous plasma, the concentration of cTn in participants’ blood increased 4 to 445 times above the upper reference level of the 5 high-sensitivity cTn assays. The median elimination half-life ranged from 134.1 minutes (95% CI, 117.8–168.0) for the Elecsys high-sensitivity cTnT assay to 239.7 minutes (95% CI, 153.7–295.1) for the Vitros high-sensitivity cTnI assay. The median clearance of cTnI ranged from 40.3 mL/min (95% CI, 32.0–44.9) to 52.7 mL/min (95% CI, 42.2–57.8). The clearance of cTnT was 77.0 mL/min (95% CI, 45.2–95.0).

CONCLUSIONS:
This novel method showed that the elimination half-life of cTnI and cTnT was 5 to 16 hours shorter than previously reported. This indicates a considerably longer duration of cardiomyocyte cTn release after MI than previously thought. Improved knowledge of timing of myocardial injury may call for changes in the management of MI and other disorders with myocardial injury.
Young Marx’s Treatise on Christian Art and the Bonn Notebooks
Authors: Kangal Kaan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There are episodes in Marx’s life that go unnoticed or that are considered insignificant in Marxian scholarship. A case in point is that Marx wrote a treatise on Christian art between 1841 and 1842 and a group of excerpts (the Bonn Notebooks) on the history of religious art that resulted from it. The treatise and the accompanying notebooks are either completely absent from Marx biographies and studies on young Marx or they are mentioned only in passing; if the notebooks are considered at all, one portion is usually singled out while the rest is effectively ignored. The present piece traces Marx’s motives for occupying himself with religious art as well as his interests, shifting from Christian, Greek and Egyptian arts to fetishism and idolatry. This study intends to highlight that young Marx was more involved in questions concerning the political culture of aesthetics than we usually think. The Bonn Notebooks provide access to a more vivid image of Marx in this regard than previous scholarship has suggested.
Basil’s Interpretation of Anger in Light of Greco-Roman Philosophy
Authors: Yam Colten Cheuk-Yin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Basil’s Homily against Anger is one of a few early Christian writings devoted to the topic of anger. This homily thus offers important insight into how early Christians interpreted and tempered anger, but it has not yet received adequate scholarly attention. The close reading of the homily and comparison of it with various proposals for controlling anger in the Greco-Roman philosophical tradition offered here expand the understanding of early Christian teachings about this powerful emotion. The focus is on the ways in which Basil’s reasoning is consistent with Greco-Roman philosophical attitudes regarding anger as well as the distinctive features of his Christian-oriented proposal for controlling anger.
Building “Something That Lasts”
Authors: Ben David Noa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article analyses Jewish reactions to post-Holocaust hostility and discrimination in Norway, through three case studies: (1) Trials against Nazis and Norwegian collaborators in the National Legal Purge of the immediate postwar years. (2) The 1960 ‘Swastika Epidemic,’ characterized by graffiti on properties and threats against Jewish individuals, which prompted Jewish community efforts to promote an anti-racist bill. (3) The trial against neo-Nazi high school teacher Olav Hoaas in 1976, among the first to be convicted in accordance with the new Article 135a of the law against incitement to racial hatred. Using archival records from the Jewish community and press material, this study explores how the actors defined and developed response strategies against antisemitism. The article explains the integrationist function of combatting antisemitism, as individuals asserted themselves as part of the national community by defending Norway’s democratic values. It highlights collective action and alliances in countering antisemitism, marking Norway as an early example legislating against racism in Europe after 1945.
‘Data as the New Oil’
Authors: Gbeassor Léa Agnès 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The digital technology sector promotes digitalisation as a greener way to engage in capitalist processes that ensure economic progress. This narrative is misleading as components of the digital sector, such as digital devices, data centres, but also the Internet, are not in fact immaterial but require large amounts of natural resources and often even human labour for their construction and powering. These extractivist practices are based on colonial views and mechanisms, which persist into today. The Afrofuturist movie Neptune Frost (2021) addresses this topic by telling the story of a group of coltan miners in Burundi. Additionally, the movie engages with yet another form of extractivism, namely the exploitation of personal data, which economists also treat as a natural resource. This paper thus examines these various forms of extractivism as they are portrayed in Neptune Frost, including the depicted ways of resisting them.
Training Needs Analysis for Medical Students in Assessing Cognitive Functioning: An Observational Study
Authors: Bohra Arwa , Jyotsna Mili , Pereddy Sai Dheeraj Gowtham Reddy , Sampath Ananyan , Rozatkar Abhijit R , Coulter Rober WS , Gupta Snehil 
Published: September 2024

Backgrounds: Research shows that medical students’ knowledge and skills concerning the assessment of cognition in various neuropsychiatric conditions (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia) are unsatisfactory. This research aims to conduct a training needs analysis (TNA) for medical students to identify and refer patients with neuropsychiatric conditions. Methods: The study comprised two phases. First, developing a TNA toolkit to assess training needs in clinical tasks related to cognitive function assessment (by adopting the Hennessy–Hicks TNA toolkit); and second, through a self-reported survey, their training needs in cognitive function assessment were assessed. Data analysis involved calculating training gaps, importance scores, performance scores, training scores, and organization scores for various clinical tasks-stratified participants’ study year; for training needs and trends, factor analysis and post-hoc analyses were conducted. Results: A total of 153 medical students from a tertiary care center participated in the survey. The participants rated their performance lower than the perceived importance of tasks, indicating a need for improvement in all competencies ( P < .01). Pre–final-year students had the highest training needs, particularly in accessing literature, planning, and organizing care for patients with cognitive impairment, performing mental status examination, screening patients for cognitive deficits, and counseling them/caregivers about interventions ( P < .01). Factor analysis identified a single dominant factor, suggesting a correlation among these skills. Conclusion: Pre–final-year students require targeted training, whereas students beyond this stage can benefit from special training modules and awareness of available resources for cognitive assessment. The findings also suggest the importance of a hybrid approach involving training and organizational modifications.
Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Properties of Hindi Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale in University Nursing Students
Authors: Aachal  , Kumar Rajesh , Bahurupi Yogesh 
Published: September 2024

Background:Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale (RSES) has been widely used without proper translation, cultural adaptation, and testing psychometric properties in Indian studies. The study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the 10-item Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale into Hindi and find psychometric properties.Material and Methods:We have translated the scale using World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Using a cross-sectional design, the translated scale was administered to 143 undergraduate nursing students randomly selected. Content validity index (CVI) was used to assess content validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with principal axis factoring was used to estimate the construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha (α) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to check internal consistency and test re-test reliability.Results:The S-CVI for the Hindi RSES was 0.98. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) (=0.79), and Bartlette’s test for sphericity was significant ( χ2= 425.06, df = 45, P < .001). EFA extracted three common factors, explaining 62.62% of the total variance. The factor loading of all items suggests a good representation of their underlying construct; all items >0.47, except item 1 (= –0.373). The test re-test, an ICC was r = 0.76 ( P < .001), and Cronbach’s alpha (α) after deletion of item 1 was 0.81, suggesting excellent reliability.Conclusion:The Hindi Rosenberg self-esteem scale is a psychometrically tested scale to assess self-esteem in the Hindi-speaking adult population. These findings provide empirical judgment for using the translated Hindi RSES to measure self-esteem among the adult population. The authors recommend verifying the psychometric properties in a more extensive and varied population.
Dietary protein intake and its association with physical fitness test among older adults with pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nazri Nurul Syahidah , Mohd Yusoff Nurul Nadhirah , Vanoh Divya 
Published: September 2024

Background Low protein intake and physical inactivity are factors that associated with muscle deterioration and poor physical performance among older adults. Aim To assess the association between dietary protein intake and physical fitness tests among older adults with pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia. Methods A total of 110 older adults were recruited through a convenience sampling method. Data including sociodemography, anthropometry, body composition, medical history, and dietary protein intake were obtained through the interview-administered method. Results Most of the subjects have low household income (<RM 3030) (90%), Malay ethnicity (66.4%), and are married (64.5%). 74.55% of the subjects were pre-sarcopenic, whereas 25.45% were sarcopenic. Those with sarcopenia were mostly underweight (± 21.78 kg/m2), whereas those with pre-sarcopenia had a slightly higher Body Mass Index (BMI) (± 27.30 kg/m2). Both men and women did not meet the dietary protein requirement (± 43.86 g/ day) based on the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) of 2017. Moreover, both pre-sarcopenic and sarcopenic subjects have reduced functional ability. Although no significant differences were found in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, those with sarcopenia had poorer physical performance than those with pre-sarcopenia (82.1% versus 69.5%). Apart from that, there was a significant association between the 2-min step test (2MST) and dietary protein intake among those with pre-sarcopenia ( r-value = 0.252). Conclusion In conclusion, lifestyle interventions among older adults are important, including ensuring adequate protein intake and encouraging appropriate physical activity to enhance muscle mass, strength, and performance to improve their daily life efficiency and quality of life.
Wogonin Alleviates Streptozotocin-stimulated Diabetic Nephropathy through its Antidiabetic, Antidyslipidemic, and Antioxidative Effects in Rats
Authors: Li Dong , Li Hui , Shi Buchao , Li Changhong 
Published: September 2024

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prolonged endocrine syndrome recognized by defective metabolism of biomolecules on account of flaws in insulin resistance. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a central microvascular complication of DM with inadequate treatment alternatives. Wogonin (WOG) is a pharmacologically active flavonoid isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which exerts strong renoprotection. However, the defensive mechanism of WOG against DN is not completely illuminated. Objectives This study investigates the role of WOG in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN in high-sucrose-high-fat fed rats. Materials and Methods DM was induced in experimental rats by a solo dosage of STZ (40 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally. All rats were allocated into five sets, namely, normal, diabetic control (DC), metformin (150 mg/kg), and WOG (25 and 50 mg/kg) treated orally for 2 months. Results The antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of WOG were assessed by analyzing lipid profiles, glucose, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress markers, renal functional parameters, gain in body weight, and histopathology of the kidney. In the current study, WOG could improve DM-induced metabolic alterations, dyslipidemia, kidney dysfunction, and inflammatory and oxidative prominence over its antidiabetic, antioxidative, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-inflammatory actions. Conclusion Thus, WOG is employed as a nephroprotective agent in DC rats.
Patient Reported Outcomes in Patients with Cleft Lip and/or Palate Help Identify Youth at Risk for Suicidality
Authors: Romeo Dominic J. , Lenz Theodor , Akarapimand Patrick , Ng Jinggang J. , Wu Meagan , Napoli Joseph A. , Swanson Jordan W. , Jackson Oksana , Taylor Jesse A , Magee Leanne 
Published: September 2024

Objective To identify associations between scores on the CLEFT-Q and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Lifetime Version in patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP). Design Prospective. Setting Tertiary care center. Patients, Participants Patients ages six and older administered both the CLEFT-Q questionnaire and C-SSRS survey between 2019 and 2024. Interventions Multidisciplinary care coordination facilitated by the team psychologist. Main Outcome Measure(s) Associations among demographics, CLEFT-Q responses, and suicidality. Results A total of 305 patients were included, 141 females (46.2%) and 164 males (53.8%). Fifty-one (16.7%) endorsed lifetime incidence of suicidal ideation, four (1.3%) endorsed suicidal behavior, 12 (3.9%) endorsed non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and one (0.3%) endorsed self-injurious behavior, intent unknown. Patients endorsing suicidal ideation had lower PROs in 12/13 categories on the CLEFT-Q questionnaire (p < 0.001). Those with suicidal behavior had lower PROs in three health-related quality of life categories (psychological function, p = 0.018; social function, p = 0.005; school function, p = 0.007), but no difference in other domains. A cutoff of ≤70 in the CLEFT-Q psychological function domain identified suicidal ideation with 72.9% sensitivity and 65.9% specificity and suicidal behavior with 100.0% sensitivity and 62.2% specificity. Conclusions Patients with cleft lip and/or palate have increased risks for psychosocial challenges that are often missed by healthcare providers. This study reveals that patient-reported outcomes are worse in those with CLP who endorsed suicidal ideation and behavior. Low PRO responses identify suicidality with moderate sensitivity and specificity. Patients with low scores should be offered safety screenings and psychosocial support, ideally by mental healthcare professionals.