bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propriedade e latifúndio: introdução ao debate sobre sua origem e perpetuação no Brasil / Property and latifundium: introduction to the debate about its origin and perpetuation in Brazil
Authors: Zeneratti Fábio Luiz 
Published: October 2017

<p>Este trabalho busca analisar, a partir da legislação e das evidências do território, a formação da propriedade privada da terra e do latifúndio no Brasil. Este exercício teórico possibilitou delimitar os componentes do conceito de latifúndio, ademais permitiu identificar que a propriedade privada da terra continua intocável. A origem da classe de proprietários está ligada ao reconhecimento jurídico do título de propriedade, com todas as suas implicações, portanto mesmo os latifúndios presentes no território atualmente, ou seja, as terras que não exercem a sua função social, constituem-se em obstáculos aos camponeses, pois ao logo do tempo construíram-se aportes legais capazes de perpetuar o caráter absoluto do direito de propriedade.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Propriedade. Latifúndio. Legislação. Camponeses. Terra.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>We intend to analyze in this paper, from the legislation and from the territory evidences, the formation of the private property of the land and of the latifundia in Brazil. This theorical exercise enabled to delimit the components of the concept of latifundia, furthermore it was possible to identify which the private property of the land continues untouchable. The orign of the class of owners is connected to the juridical recognition of the title of property, with all its implications, therefore even estates present in the territory currently. The lands which don´t exercise its social function, constitute in obstacles to the peasants, since over time were constructed legal contributions able to perpetuate the absolute character of the right of property.</p><p><strong>Key-words:</strong> Property. Latifundia. Legislation. Peasants. Land.<strong></strong></p><p align="center"> </p>
On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with the descriptions of three new species
Authors: Fend Steven V. , Rodriguez Pilar , Achurra Ainara , Erséus Christer 
Published: October 2017

Two formerly monotypic lumbriculid genera, Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 and Kincaidiana Altman, 1936, are reviewed using morphological and molecular data, following the discovery of new northwestern, Nearctic species. Several populations of Kincaidiana hexatheca Altman, 1936 were examined, and both morphology and DNA data suggest a single, variable species in Pacific drainages extending from northern California through Washington, USA. Specimens of Kincaidiana from the Smith River drainage with a single, median atrium and differing genetically from K. hexatheca are assigned to K. smithi sp. nov. The chaetal morphology of North American Guestphalinus populations is variable, and two basic morphotypes are assigned to G. elephantinus sp. nov. and G. exilis sp. nov. This decision is supported by molecular data. The tree topology, based on the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI), and the nuclear 28S rRNA gene sequences, confirmed the close phylogenetic relationships among the Nearctic Guestphalinus, Kincaidiana and Uktena Fend, Rodriguez & Lenat, 2015. Probable synapomorphies associating these genera include a filiform, ringed proboscis, a forward shift of reproductive organs relative to the usual position in the family, and spermathecae in the atrial segment.
Mythification et démystification dans la représentation de la rencontre coloniale ou la valeur heuristique du cinéma en tant que démarche historienne : exemples tirés de The New World de Terrence Malick
Authors: Tremblay Guillaume 
Published: October 2017

Le texte qui suit interroge le rapport entre cinéma, mythe et histoire. En nous penchant sur l’exemple de The New World (Terrence Malick), nous mettons de l’avant l’idée qu’un certain cinéma, en reposant sur une « méthodologie » qui lui est propre, peut constituer un mode à part entière d’expression de l’histoire, au même titre que l’histoire disciplinaire conventionnellement écrite. Nous avançons également l’idée que la mobilisation de certains mythes peut s’avérer judicieuse lorsqu’il s’agit de présenter une histoire que la discipline historique scientifiquement constituée peine à saisir.
Mario Caimi, Ileana Beade, José González Ríos, Macarena Marey, Fernando Moledo, Mariela Paolucci, Hernán Pringe, Marcos Thisted: Diccionario de la filosofía crítica kantiana, Buenos Aires, Colihue, 2017. Número de páginas: 507.
Authors: Herszenbaun Miguel Alejandro 
Published: October 2017

Reseña de Mario Caimi, Ileana Beade, José González Ríos, Macarena Marey, Fernando Moledo, Mariela Paolucci, Hernán Pringe, Marcos Thisted: Diccionario de la filosofía crítica kantiana, Buenos Aires, Colihue, 2017. Número de páginas: 507.
MAVEN Observations of Ionospheric Irregularities at Mars
Authors: Fowler C. M. , Andersson L. , Shaver S. R. , Thayer J. P. , Huba J. D. , Lillis R. , Usanova M. E. , Espley J. , Ergun R. E. , Mcfadden J. , Mahaffy P. R. , Connerney J. E. P. , Benna M. , Elrod M. , Mitchell D. L. , Mazelle C. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIonospheric irregularities associated with horizontal magnetic fields below 200 km altitude are observed at Mars. Plasma density modulations of up to 200% are observed during such events and appear correlated with fluctuations in the magnetic field. The observed fluctuations are likely Doppler shifted and represent spatial structures at length scales of 15–20 km or less. Conditions in the Martian ionosphere below 200 km are synonymous with the terrestrial E region, where ionospheric irregularities have been extensively studied. Interestingly, the irregularities at Mars appear to be electromagnetic in nature, in contrast to the electrostatic nature of irregularities at Earth. It is currently unclear what the primary drivers of these irregularities at Mars are, and further study is needed to explain these important phenomenon within the Martian ionosphere.
Synthetic θ‐Defensin Antibacterial Peptide as a Highly Efficient Nonviral Vector for Redox‐Responsive miRNA Delivery
Authors: Yu Meng , Yan Jin , He Wangxiao , Li Chenyu , Ma Peter X. , Lei Bo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSynthetic cationic vectors have shown great promise for nonviral gene delivery. However, their cytotoxicity and low efficiency impose great restrictions on clinic applications. To push through this limitation, humanized peptides or proteins with cationic biocompatibility as well as biodegradation would be an excellent candidate. Herein, for the first time, we describe how an arginine‐rich humanized antimicrobial cyclopeptide, θ‐defensin, can be used as a synthetic cationic vector to load and deliver miRNA into bone mesenchymal stem cells with high efficiency and ultralow cytotoxicity, surpassing the efficiency of the commercial polyethylenimine (25 kD) and Lipofectamine 3000. To note, θ‐defensin can redox‐responsively release the loaded miRNA through a structural change: in extracellular oxidative environment, θ‐defensin has large β‐sheet structures stabilized by three disulfide linkages, and this special structure enables highly efficient delivery of miRNA by passing through cell membranes; in intracellular environment, redox‐responsive disulfide linkages are broken and the tight β‐sheet structures are destroyed, so that the miRNA can be released. Our results suggest that synthetic θ‐defensin peptides are a new class of nonviral gene vectors and this study may also provide a promising strategy to design smart‐responsive gene vectors with high efficiency and minimal toxicity.
Chemical Fixation of CO2 and Other Heterogeneous Catalytic Studies by Employing a Layered Cu‐Porphyrin Prepared Through Single‐Crystal to Single‐Crystal Exchange of a Zn Analogue
Authors: Dutta Gargi , Jana Ajay Kumar , Natarajan Srinivasan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA solvothermal reaction of Zn(NO3)2⋅6 H2O, tetra‐(4‐pyridyl)porphyrin (H2TPyP), and 4,4′‐oxybis(benzoic acid) (H2OBA) resulted in a new two‐dimensional Zn‐ porphyrin metal–organic framework compound, [Zn2(C40H24N8)0.5(C14H8O5)(DMA)](DMA)(H2O)6 (1; DMA=N,N‐dimethylacetamide). The ZnII ions present in 1 could be exchanged by using a solution of Cu(NO3)2⋅3 H2O in DMA at room temperature to give [Cu2(C40H24N8)0.5(C14H8O5)(DMA)](DMA)(H2O)3 (Cu∈1). The extra‐framework solvent molecules have been shown to be reversibly removed or exchanged without collapse of the framework. Solvent‐free Cu∈1 was explored as an active heterogeneous catalyst towards three different organic reactions: 1) the chemical fixation of CO2 into cyclic carbonate at room temperature and 1 atm; 2) the nitroaldol reaction under solvent‐free conditions, and 3) the three‐component coupling of aminopyridine, benzaldehyde, and aryl alkynes followed by 5‐exo‐dig cyclization to produce the important pharmacophore imidazopyridine.
Pd‐Catalyzed versus Uncatalyzed, PhI(OAc)2‐Mediated Cyclization Reactions of N6‐([1,1′‐Biaryl]‐2‐yl)Adenine Nucleosides
Authors: Satishkumar Sakilam , Poudapally Suresh , Vuram Prasanna K. , Gurram Venkateshwarlu , Pottabathini Narender , Sebastian Dellamol , Yang Lijia , Pradhan Padmanava , Lakshman Mahesh K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this work we have assessed reactions of N6‐([1,1′‐biaryl]‐2‐yl)adenine nucleosides with Pd(OAc)2 and PhI(OAc)2, via a PdII/PdIV redox cycle. The substrates are readily obtained by Pd/Xantphos‐catalyzed reaction of adenine nucleosides with 2‐bromo‐1,1′‐biaryls. In PhMe, the N6‐biarylyl nucleosides gave C6‐carbazolyl nucleoside analogues by C−N bond formation with the exocyclic N6 nitrogen atom. In the solvent screening for the Pd‐catalyzed reactions, an uncatalyzed process was found to be operational. It was observed that the carbazolyl products could also be obtained in the absence of a metal catalyst by reaction with PhI(OAc)2 in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). Thus, under Pd catalysis and in HFIP, reactions proceed to provide carbazolyl nucleoside analogues, with some differences. If reactions of N6‐biarylyl nucleoside substrates were conducted in MeCN, formation of aryl benzimidazopurinyl nucleoside derivatives was observed in many cases by C−N bond formation with the N1 ring nitrogen atom of the purine (carbazole and benzimidazole isomers are readily separated by chromatography). Whereas PdII/PdIV redox is responsible for carbazole formation under the metal‐catalyzed conditions, in HFIP and MeCN radical cations and/or nitrenium ions can be intermediates. An extensive set of radical inhibition experiments was conducted and the data are presented.
Selective Separation of Dyes and Brine Recovery from Textile Wastewater by Nanofiltration Membranes
Authors: Thamaraiselvan Chidambaram , Michael Noel , Oren Yoram 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe selective separation mechanisms of three textile dyes with NaCl solution by nanofiltration membranes during brine recovery at three different pH values were investigated. Tests were performed with the purpose of relating flux decline, brine recovery, and dye rejection behavior to membrane characteristics, like molecular weight cutoff, contact angle, and zeta potential, charge of the dye molecules, and solution chemistry. The salt‐organic separation factor was estimated in order to rank and choose the most suitable nanofiltration membranes for brine recovery with high degree of flux.
Intrinsic Electrocatalysis in DNA
Authors: Paleček Emil , Bartošík Martin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe show, for the first time, that DNA produces an electrocatalytic square wave voltammetric reduction peak or chronopotentiometric peak HDNA at mercury and solid amalgam electrodes. These peaks are attributed to the catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction, allowing label‐free detection of chromosomal DNA and oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) below parts per million and nanomolar levels, respectively. By using peak HDNA at high current densities, native chromosomal DNA was distinguished from its denatured form. With this method, damage of DNA from human cancer cells by ionizing radiation or sonication was detected. Sensitivity of the DNA determination was greatly enhanced in the presence of [Co(NH3)6]3+. Chromosomal DNA and ODNs can be detected at concentrations 2–3 orders lower than any earlier voltammetric or chronopotentiometric label‐free methods. In the presence of 4 mM [Co(NH3)6]3+, DNA from human cancer cells was easily detected at 5 ng/mL, that is, below the concentration level of cell‐free DNA in body fluids.
Service multinational enterprises and linkages development in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Zaheer , Park Jeong‐Yang , Akhtar Pervaiz 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe development of various types of linkages is key to understanding the impact of multinational enterprises (MNEs) on the economic development of host markets. Using a qualitative research approach, we investigate the linkages created by IT MNEs in Pakistan. The findings suggest that these MNEs have created management, technological, diversification, and financial linkages, among others. Their creation is contingent and co‐determined by the MNEs' investment motives, their mandates, and embeddedness in the host market as well as the local technical capability. We highlight the contributions and implications of these linkages. Copyright © 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconsidering Water Electrolysis: Producing Hydrogen at Cathodes Together with Selective Oxidation of n‐Butylamine at Anodes
Authors: Xue Song , Watzele Sebastian , Čolić Viktor , Brandl Kurt , Garlyyev Batyr , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractElectrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great interest for improving the effectiveness of water splitting devices. Decreasing the anodic overpotential and simultaneously changing the anodic reaction selectively to produce valuable chemicals instead of O2 would be a major improvement of the overall cost efficiency. Some amines, when present in aqueous electrolytes, were recently shown to change the selectivity of the anodic process to generate H2O2 rather than O2 on MnOx at pH 10. This results in unusually high apparent “anodic activities”. In this work, industrially relevant OER catalysts, oxyhydroxides of cobalt (CoOx), nickel–iron (NiFeOx), and nickel (NiOx) all show more pronounced effects. Moreover, as anodes they also selectively catalyzed the production of nbutyronitrile from n‐butylamine at higher pH as an easily retrievable valuable product. The pH dependence of the activity was investigated at pH values closer those at which alkaline electrolyzers operate. The highest activities were observed for NiOx thin‐film electrodes at pH 12 in the presence of 0.4 m n‐butylammonium sulfate, without poisoning the active sites of Pt electrocatalysts at the hydrogen evolution electrode. 1H NMR spectroscopy showed that n‐butylamine is selectively oxidized to n‐butyronitrile, an organic chemical with numerous applications. However, measurements using rotating ring‐disk electrodes indicated that some H2O2 is also generated at the surface of the oxide anodes.
Impacts of plant diversity on arthropod communities and plant–herbivore network architecture
Authors: Welti Ellen , Helzer Chris , Joern Anthony 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAt the local scale, insect herbivore diversity is often limited by plant diversity, but little is known about how the network structure of plant and herbivore interactions changes across local plant diversity gradients. Ascertaining plant–herbivore interaction structure at the ecological community level is important for predicting responses of herbivores to plant species loss. We sampled arthropods and plants across three years, beginning in the fourth year of an experimental prairie restoration containing three treatment levels of sown plant diversity. Plots initially planted with higher plant diversity had higher arthropod species richness. Sown diversity treatments strongly affected plant–herbivore interaction structure: The increased sown diversity treatment decreased plant–herbivore connectance, increased average herbivore diet generalism, and increased herbivore robustness to plant species loss. Treatments diverged over time with the last year of sampling showing the greatest difference between treatments in plant and arthropod species richness, and plant–herbivore network structural properties. Network structural properties of the high sown diversity treatment were the least variable temporally. However, divergence of plant and arthropod between diversity treatments was not found in traditional ordinations of community taxonomic composition. While previous comparisons of plant–herbivore interaction networks across ecological gradients treated network size (biodiversity) as a confounding factor, we demonstrate that plant diversity can directly shape network structure, and higher plant diversity maintains less temporally variable ecological networks of herbivores and their host plants.
Changing contributions of stochastic and deterministic processes in community assembly over a successional gradient
Authors: Måren Inger Elisabeth , Kapfer Jutta , Aarrestad Per Arild , Grytnes John‐Arvid , Vandvik Vigdis 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSuccessional dynamics in plant community assembly may result from both deterministic and stochastic ecological processes. The relative importance of different ecological processes is expected to vary over the successional sequence, between different plant functional groups, and with the disturbance levels and land‐use management regimes of the successional systems. We evaluate the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic processes in bryophyte and vascular plant community assembly after fire in grazed and ungrazed anthropogenic coastal heathlands in Northern Europe. A replicated series of post‐fire successions (n = 12) were initiated under grazed and ungrazed conditions, and vegetation data were recorded in permanent plots over 13 years. We used redundancy analysis (RDA) to test for deterministic successional patterns in species composition repeated across the replicate successional series and analyses of co‐occurrence to evaluate to what extent species respond synchronously along the successional gradient. Change in species co‐occurrences over succession indicates stochastic successional dynamics at the species level (i.e., species equivalence), whereas constancy in co‐occurrence indicates deterministic dynamics (successional niche differentiation). The RDA shows high and deterministic vascular plant community compositional change, especially early in succession. Co‐occurrence analyses indicate stochastic species‐level dynamics the first two years, which then give way to more deterministic replacements. Grazed and ungrazed successions are similar, but the early stage stochasticity is higher in ungrazed areas. Bryophyte communities in ungrazed successions resemble vascular plant communities. In contrast, bryophytes in grazed successions showed consistently high stochasticity and low determinism in both community composition and species co‐occurrence. In conclusion, stochastic and individualistic species responses early in succession give way to more niche‐driven dynamics in later successional stages. Grazing reduces predictability in both successional trends and species‐level dynamics, especially in plant functional groups that are not well adapted to disturbance.
Increased energy differentially increases richness and abundance of optimal body sizes in deep‐sea wood falls
Authors: McClain Craig R. , Barry James P. , Webb Thomas J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTheoretical and empirical studies suggest that the total energy available in natural communities influences body size as well as patterns of abundance and diversity. But the precise mechanisms underlying these relationships or how these three ecological properties relate remain elusive. We identify five hypotheses relating energy availability, body size distributions, abundance, and species richness within communities, and we use experimental deep‐sea wood fall communities to test their predicted effects both on descriptors describing the species‐richness–body‐size distribution, and on trends in species richness within size classes over an energy gradient (size‐class–richness relationships). Invertebrate communities were taxonomically identified, weighed, and counted from 32Acaciasp. logs ranging in size from 0.6 to 20.6 kg (corresponding to different levels of energy available), which were deployed at 3,203 m in the Northeast Pacific Ocean for 5 and 7 yr. Trends in both the species‐richness–body‐size distribution and the size‐class–richness distribution with increasing wood fall size provide support for the Increased Packing hypothesis: species richness increases with increasing wood fall size but only in the modal size class. Furthermore, species richness of body size classes reflected the abundance of individuals in that size class. Thus, increases in richness in the modal size class with increasing energy were concordant with increases in abundance within that size class. The results suggest that increases in species richness occurring as energy availability increases may be isolated to specific niches, e.g., the body size classes, especially in communities developing on discrete and energetically isolated resources such as deep sea wood falls.
Synthetic Routes to Electroactive Organic Discotic Aromatic Triazatruxenes
Authors: El Sayed Mardia Telep 
Published: October 2017

This paper gives a survey about the triazatruxene (triindole) particle, distinguishes its structure, and portrays a conceivable way to deal with its combination and structures of all at‐present‐known fluid precious stones in view of triazatruxene, in addition to checking its electronic element criticalness. Triazatruxene is a brilliant particle that has been uncovered in the recent 14 years as a discotic liquid crystal compound. Of late, this electron‐rich particle turned out to be more alluring as a core center in the building of discotic liquid column with electro‐dynamic properties that demonstrated a consistent hexagonal columnar mesophase under an expansive assortment of temperatures. Besides, numerous different properties in this delicate material brought a wide consideration up in organic electronic innovation devices, for example, light radiating diodes (organic light‐emitting diode), field impact transistors (field‐effect transistor), and photovoltaic cells. In this survey, triazatruxene and all particles closely resembling triazatruxene in the most recent 16 years until 2016 have been incorporated, including a brief summary of their applications in all fields, which will be introduced.