bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Stocking Density on Growth and Production of Silver Barb (<i>Barbonymus gonionotus</i>) in Pond
Authors: Sarker Baadruzzoha , Rahman Mustafizur , Ruhul Amin Md 
Published: February 2017

An experiment was carried out to study the density dependent growth of silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) for a period of 2 months during14 March to 18 May, 2013 in ponds with individual water area of 2.0 decimal. The experiment was conducted with three treatments, replicated three times, where stocking densities were 50, 100 and 150 fish/decimal in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Feeds were supplied twice daily throughout the study period. Sampling was done at weekly interval throughout the experimental period. Water quality parameters were monitored weekly. Temperature ranged from 26.40 to 30.13°C, transparency from 32.36 to 46.23 cm, dissolved oxygen from 4.80 to 5.83 mg/l and pH from 6.68 to 8.11. During the study period, growth parameters were analyzed. The mean weight gains were 52.48, 49.98 and 47.87 g, the percent weight gains were 2560.16, 2438.37 and 2335.12, the average daily weight gains were 0.82, 0.78 and 0.74 g, the specific growth rates were 5.12, 5.05 and 4.98%, the survival rates were 89.6, 86.67 and 82.11% in T1, T2, and T3, respectively. There were significant differences among T1, T2 and T3 for all the growth parameters. The total productions of silver barb were 603.85, 1114.00 and 1518.06 kg/ha/2 months in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The present study indicates that the growth of silver barb was density dependent when grown in monoculture systems and the best stocking density for production was 150 fish/decimal. The Agriculturists 2016; 14(2) 61-66
Espiritualidade e saúde na logoterapia de Victor Frankl
Authors: Carrara Paulo Sérgio 
Published: February 2017

<p><strong>RESUMO</strong></p><p>Victor Frankl criou uma escola de psicologia que evidencia a vontade de sentido como motivação primária do ser humano, a logoterapia. A perda dessa vontade de sentido seria causa de neuroses pessoais e do que ele chama neurose coletica, caracterizada pelo vazio existencial. Na origem de vários distúbios psicológicos atuais se encontra esse vazio existencial, a ser enfrentado no processo psicoterapêutico em vista de uma vida mais saudável psiquicamente. A logoterapia de Frankl traz abordagem original da relação psicologia e religião, ultrapassando visões psicológicas mais negativas da religião. A dimensão espiritual do ser humano se encontra no seu próprio incosciente e sua repressão também se mostra neurotizante. O presente artigo avalia a pertinência da proposta de Frankl sobre a relação espiritualidade e saúde. Em um momento de exploração religiosa da fragilidade emocional das pessoas, sua aborgam oferece pistas excelentes para uma compreensão mais consistente da complexa relação entre espiritualide e saúde.</p><p> </p>
He bulge revealed: He and CO2 diurnal and seasonal variations in the upper atmosphere of Mars as detected by MAVEN NGIMS
Authors: Elrod M. K. , Bougher S. , Bell J. , Mahaffy P. R. , Benna M. , Stone S. , Yelle R. , Jakosky B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAnalysis of the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) on the Mars Atmosphere Volatiles and EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft closed source data from all orbits with good pointing revealed an enhanced Helium [He] density on the nightside orbits and a depressed He density on the dayside by about a factor of 10–20. He was also found to be larger in the polar regions than in the equatorial regions. The northern polar winter nightside He bulge was approximately twice that of the northern polar summer nightside bulge. The first 6 weeks of the MAVEN prime mission had periapsis at high latitudes on the nightside during northern winter, followed by the midlatitudes on the dayside moving to low latitudes on the nightside returning to the high latitudes during northern summer. In this study we examined the NGIMS data not only in the different latitudes but sorted by solar longitude (Ls) in order to separate the diurnal or local solar time (LST) effects from the seasonal effects. The Mars Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model (M‐GITM) has predicted the formation of a He bulge in the upper atmosphere of Mars on the nightside early morning hours (Ls = 2–5 h) with more He collecting around the poles. Taking a slice at constant altitude across all orbits indicates corresponding variations in He and CO2 with respect to LST and Ls and a diurnal and seasonal dependence.
Bounce resonance scattering of radiation belt electrons by H+ band EMIC waves
Authors: Cao Xing , Ni Binbin , Summers Danny , Bortnik Jacob , Tao Xin , Shprits Yuri Y. , Lou Yuequn , Gu Xudong , Fu Song , Shi Run , Xiang Zheng , Wang Qi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe perform a detailed analysis of bounce‐resonant pitch angle scattering of radiation belt electrons due to electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. It is found that EMIC waves can resonate with near‐equatorially mirroring electrons over a wide range of L shells and energies. H+ band EMIC waves efficiently scatter radiation belt electrons of energy >100 keV from near 90° pitch angles to lower pitch angles where the cyclotron resonance mechanism can take over to further diffuse electrons into the loss cone. Bounce‐resonant electron pitch angle scattering rates show a strong dependence on L shell, wave normal angle distribution, and wave spectral properties. We find distinct quantitative differences between EMIC wave‐induced bounce‐resonant and cyclotron‐resonant diffusion coefficients. Cyclotron‐resonant electron scattering by EMIC waves has been well studied and found to be a potentially crucial electron scattering mechanism. The new investigation here demonstrates that bounce‐resonant electron scattering may also be very important. We conclude that bounce resonance scattering by EMIC waves should be incorporated into future modeling efforts of radiation belt electron dynamics.
Scale size‐dependent characteristics of the nightside aurora
Authors: Humberset B. K. , Gjerloev J. W. , Samara M. , Michell R. G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe have determined the spatiotemporal characteristics of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere (M‐I) coupling using auroral imaging. Observations at fixed positions for an extended period of time are provided by a ground‐based all‐sky imager measuring the 557.7 nm auroral emissions. We report on a single event of nightside aurora (∼22 magnetic local time) preceding a substorm onset. To determine the spatiotemporal characteristics, we perform an innovative analysis of an all‐sky imager movie (19 min duration, images at 3.31 Hz) that combines a two‐dimensional spatial fast Fourier transform with a temporal correlation. We find a scale size‐dependent variability where the largest scale sizes are stable on timescales of minutes while the small scale sizes are more variable. When comparing two smaller time intervals of different types of auroral displays, we find a variation in their characteristics. The characteristics averaged over the event are in remarkable agreement with the spatiotemporal characteristics of the nightside field‐aligned currents during moderately disturbed times. Thus, two different electrodynamical parameters of the M‐I coupling show similar behavior. This gives independent support to the claim of a system behavior that uses repeatable solutions to transfer energy and momentum from the magnetosphere to the ionosphere.
Terrestrial gamma ray flashes due to particle acceleration in tropical storm systems
Authors: Roberts O. J. , Fitzpatrick G. , Priftis G. , Bedka K. , Chronis T. , McBreen S. , Briggs M. S. , Cramer E. , Mailyan B. , Stanbro M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTerrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) are submillisecond flashes of energetic radiation that are believed to emanate from intracloud lightning inside thunderstorms. This emission can be detected hundreds of kilometers from the source by space‐based observatories such as the Fermi Gamma‐ray Space Telescope (Fermi). The location of the TGF‐producing storms can be determined using very low frequency (VLF) radio measurements made simultaneously with the Fermi detection, allowing additional insight into the mechanisms which produce these phenomena. In this paper, we report 37 TGFs originating from tropical storm systems for the first time. Previous studies to gain insight into how tropical cyclones formed and how destructive they can be include the investigation of lightning flash rates and their dependence on storm evolution. We find TGFs to emanate from a broad range of distances from the storm centers. In hurricanes and severe tropical cyclones, the TGFs are observed to occur predominately from the outer rainbands. A majority of our sample also show TGFs occurring during the strengthening phase of the encompassing storm system. These results verify that TGF production closely follows when and where lightning predominately occurs in cyclones. The intrinsic characteristics of these TGFs were not found to differ from other TGFs reported in larger samples. We also find that some TGF‐producing storm cells in tropical storm systems far removed from land have a low number of WWLLN sferics. Although not unique to tropical cyclones, this TGF/sferic ratio may imply a high efficiency for the lightning in these storms to generate TGFs.
Predictable patterns of the May–June rainfall anomaly over East Asia
Authors: Xing Wen , Wang Bin , Yim So‐Young , Ha Kyung‐Ja 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDuring early summer (May–June, MJ), East Asia (EA) subtropical front is a defining feature of Asian monsoon, which produces the most prominent precipitation band in the global subtropics. Here we show that dynamical prediction of early summer EA (20°N–45°N, 100°E–130°E) rainfall made by four coupled climate models' ensemble hindcast (1979–2010) yields only a moderate skill and cannot be used to estimate predictability. The present study uses an alternative, empirical orthogonal function (EOF)‐based physical‐empirical (P‐E) model approach to predict rainfall anomaly pattern and estimate its potential predictability. The first three leading modes are physically meaningful and can be, respectively, attributed to (a) the interaction between the anomalous western North Pacific subtropical high and underlying Indo‐Pacific warm ocean, (b) the forcing associated with North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly, and (c) the development of equatorial central Pacific SST anomalies. A suite of P‐E models is established to forecast the first three leading principal components. All predictors are 0 month ahead of May, so the prediction here is named as a 0 month lead prediction. The cross‐validated hindcast results demonstrate that these modes may be predicted with significant temporal correlation skills (0.48–0.72). Using the predicted principal components and the corresponding EOF patterns, the total MJ rainfall anomaly was hindcasted for the period of 1979–2015. The time‐mean pattern correlation coefficient (PCC) score reaches 0.38, which is significantly higher than dynamical models' multimodel ensemble skill (0.21). The estimated potential maximum attainable PCC is around 0.65, suggesting that the dynamical prediction models may have large rooms to improve. Limitations and future work are discussed.
Batch and Continuous‐Flow One‐Pot Processes using Amine Diazotization to Produce Silylated Diazo Reagents
Authors: Audubert Clément , Gamboa Marin Oscar Javier , Lebel Hélène 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA novel synthesis of trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSCHN2) by diazotization of trimethylsilylmethylamine (TMSCH2NH2) is reported using batch and continuous flow synthesis. The latter affords a daily production of 275 g (2.4 mol) of TMSCHN2. Other silylated methylamines were also successfully reacted under the developed reaction conditions to furnish various silicon‐bearing diazomethane reagents. The applicability of the process is highlighted by disclosure of batch and continuous flow one‐pot esterification and 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition processes. Furthermore, the high‐yielding esterification of carboxylic acids with silylated and substituted methylamines in continuous flow is disclosed. Finally, work‐up and purification procedures are reported for the preparation of a 2‐MeTHF solution of TMSCHN2, which can be used in rhodium‐catalyzed methylenation and homologation reactions.
Efficient Solar Light Harvesting CdS/Co9S8 Hollow Cubes for Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Qiu Bocheng , Zhu Qiaohong , Du Mengmeng , Fan Linggang , Xing Mingyang , Zhang Jinlong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHollow structures with an efficient light harvesting and tunable interior component offer great advantages for constructing a Z‐scheme system. Controlled design of hollow cobalt sulfide (Co9S8) cubes embedded with cadmium sulfide quantum dots (QDs) is described, using hollow Co(OH)2 as the template and a one‐pot hydrothermal strategy. The hollow CdS/Co9S8 cubes utilize multiple reflections of light in the cubic structure to achieve enhanced photocatalytic activity. Importantly, the photoexcited charge carriers can be effectively separated by the construction of a redox‐mediator‐free Z‐scheme system. The hydrogen evolution rate over hollow CdS/Co9S8 is 134 and 9.1 times higher than that of pure hollow Co9S8 and CdS QDs under simulated solar light irradiation, respectively. Moreover, this is the first report describing construction of a hollow Co9S8 based Z‐scheme system for photocatalytic water splitting, which gives full play to the advantages of light‐harvesting and charges separation.
A Cationic Unsaturated Platinum(II) Complex that Promotes the Tautomerization of Acetylene to Vinylidene
Authors: Ortega‐Moreno Laura , Peloso Riccardo , López‐Serrano Joaquín , Iglesias‐Sigüenza Javier , Maya Celia , Carmona Ernesto 
Published: February 2017

AbstractComplex [PtMe2(PMe2Ar
)] (1), which contains a tethered terphenyl phosphine (Ar
=2,6‐(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)2C6H3), reacts with [H(Et2O)2]BArF (BArF−=B[3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3]4−) to give the solvent (S) complex [PtMe(S)(PMe2Ar
)]+ (2⋅S). Although the solvent molecule is easily displaced by a Lewis base (e.g., CO or C2H4) to afford the corresponding adducts, treatment of 2⋅S with C2H2 yielded instead the allyl complex [Pt(η3‐C3H5)(PMe2Ar
)]+ (6) via the alkyne intermediate [PtMe(η2‐C2H2)(PMe2Ar
)]+ (5). Deuteration experiments with C2D2, and kinetic and theoretical investigations demonstrated that the conversion of 5 into 6 involves a PtII‐promoted HC≡CH to :C=CH2 tautomerization in preference over acetylene migratory insertion into the Pt−Me bond.
Bayesian Sensor Fault Detection in a Markov Jump System
Authors: Habibi Hamed , Howard Ian , Habibi Reza 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the fault detection of a latent fault in a sensor for a Markov jump system is studied. It is equivalent to detecting a change point in a coefficient vector of a measurement equation in the state space representation of a system. Indeed, the fault detection procedure is evaluated as detecting this change point and the time that the change point has occurred. To this end, first, the recursive least square (RLS) filter is proposed and under Yao's Prior setting, the Bayesian fault detection algorithm is proposed. The Smith‐Gelfand re‐sampling method is applied to approximate the posterior distribution. The performance of the Bayesian method is studied under the null and alternative hypotheses. The delay in diagnosis of the fault is measured. To study the effect of the fault time point in the performance of the Bayesian method, the sensitivity analysis is studied. The probability of the fault is studied and the Martingale approach is used to obtain the lower and upper bounds for this probability. The fault detection in integrated systems is studied and a Kalman filter, as a parallel filter, is considered to estimate the state and the effect of the unknown coefficient jump on state estimation is also studied.
Chattering Attenuation Sliding Mode Approach for Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Nemati Hamidreza , Bando Mai , Hokamoto Shinji 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study introduces a new robust nonlinear control scheme based on the theory of nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (NTSMC). Since conventional NTSMC utilizes a discontinuous switching function, a significant flaw called chattering can occur. The main purpose of this study is to design a new switching function based upon Lyapunov stability in order to alleviate this drawback over time. There are many approaches to mitigate the chattering drawback in SMC such as utilizing a smooth approximation of the switching element, or employing higher order sliding mode control (HOSMC) strategy. However, the use of a continuous approximation affects the system's performance and a finite reaching time to the sliding manifold, and in HOSMC the estimation of high‐order derivatives of states is usually difficult and it still exhibits chattering in the presence of parasitic dynamics. In this study by employing a new sliding manifold including a time function, the chattering is attenuated as well as keeping the robustness. Finally, a second‐order nonlinear dynamical system subject to disturbance is simulated to highlight the validity and applicability of the proposed method.
Untersuchung des thermischen Komforts und der Luftqualität an vier neuen energieeffizienten Luxemburger Schulen mit und ohne Lüftungsanlagen
Authors: Maas Stefan , Flies Max , Steffgen Georges , Brensing Jessica 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn vier neuen Schulen in Luxemburg mit sehr guten Primärenergiekennwerten wurden der thermische Raumkomfort und die Luftqualität messtechnisch sowie durch Befragung der Nutzer untersucht. Zwei Schulen werden durch mechanische Lüftungsanlagen mit Wärmerückgewinnung belüftet und zwei nur durch manuelles Öffnen der Fenster. Neben der CO2‐Konzentration als Maß für die Luftqualität werden auch alle anderen wichtigen raumklimatischen Parameter gemessen, womit sich die bekannten Komfortindikatoren nach Fanger „Predicted Mean Vote (PMV)” und der „Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD)” berechnen lassen. Die subjektiven wahrgenommenen Indikatoren der Raumnutzer wurden über einen Zeitraum von vier Wochen mit Fragebogen untersucht. Ein Ziel der Studie war es, die freie Fensterlüftung mit der mechanischen Belüftung in Bezug auf die erfassten Parameter und Indikatoren miteinander zu vergleichen.Insgesamt ergibt sich eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen den Messungen und den Befragungen. Die Befunde belegen, dass die mechanisch belüfteten Gebäude sowohl in Bezug auf die physikalisch gemessene als auch in Bezug auf die subjektiv wahrgenommene Raumluftqualität allgemein günstigere Werte aufweisen. Allerdings weisen die mechanisch belüfteten Gebäude eine zu niedrige relative Luftfeuchtigkeit auf, die sich jedoch nicht im subjektiven Erleben widerspiegelt. Auch trat in einer der mechanisch belüfteten Schulen eine hohe Luftgeschwindigkeit auf, die durch das subjektiv wahrgenommene Zuglufterleben bestätigt wird. Die Raumtemperatur weist heterogene Werte unabhängig von der Belüftung auf, so dass der PMV einzeln über die verschiedenen Gebäude zu betrachten ist. Raumnutzer sollten stets über ausreichende Beeinflussungsmöglichkeiten verfügen, um individuelle Bedürfnisse umsetzen und kleinere technische Unzulänglichkeiten ausgleichen zu können.
A single center tertiary care experience utilizing the large volume mega 50cc intra‐aortic balloon counterpulsation in contemporary clinical practice
Authors: Visveswaran Gautam K. , Cohen Marc , Seliem Ahmed , DiVita Michael , McNamara Jonathan K. R. , Dave Amar , Wasty Najam , Baran David A. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveClinical outcomes and adverse events utilizing the large volume 50cc intra‐aortic balloon (IAB) in contemporary clinical practice.BackgroundThe newer large volume 50cc IAB, recently introduced into clinical practice offers improved diastolic augmentation and better left ventricular (LV) unloading compared to the older 40cc IAB.MethodsIn 150 consecutive patients who received intra‐aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) with a 50cc balloon from 2011 to 2015, we retrospectively analyzed demographic, clinical, laboratory, and hemodynamic variables, adverse events and survival to discharge from index hospitalization.ResultsMedian LVEF was 20%. The most common indication was cardiogenic shock (CS) in 100 patients. Median duration of IABC was 92.5 hr. 95% of patients were free of any IAB device related complications. Five patients received a transfusion for bleeding causally related to IABC. 70 of the 150 patients who received MCS with IABC with no escalation of therapy, recovered and were discharged alive. Fifteen patients were stabilized on IABC and bridged to orthotopic heart transplant. All 15 were discharged alive. Thirty‐four patients were initiated on IABC and escalated to VAD and/or Impella/Tandem Heart, with 24 patients surviving to hospital discharge. Overall survival to hospital discharge for the 150 patients was 72.7%.ConclusionIABC using a larger volume 50cc balloon appears effective as a first line percutaneous MCS strategy in a large fraction of critically ill cardiac patients with few adverse events. A large scale registry or randomized clinical trial utilizing the larger volume IAB is needed to validate our results. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regulatory Aspects of Nanomaterials in the EU
Authors: Rauscher Hubert , Rasmussen Kirsten , Sokull‐Klüttgen Birgit 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNanomaterials are present in almost any industrial sector and addressed in corresponding legislation. The EC has developed a recommendation of the term nanomaterial for regulatory purposes. Due to uncertainties regarding the safety of nanomaterials, it is necessary to develop best practices and facilitate harmonization of assessment practices. However, more research with specific relevance for regulatory questions is still needed, in particular regarding the implementation of the definition of nanomaterials, the enforcement of product labeling, the development of methods for safety testing and risk assessment, and a better availability of quality data on nanomaterials for regulatory purposes.
How coagulation zone size is underestimated in computer modeling of RF ablation by ignoring the cooling phase just after RF power is switched off
Authors: Irastorza Ramiro M. , Trujillo Macarena , Berjano Enrique 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAll the numerical models developed for radiofrequency ablation so far have ignored the possible effect of the cooling phase (just after radiofrequency power is switched off) on the dimensions of the coagulation zone. Our objective was thus to quantify the differences in the minor radius of the coagulation zone computed by including and ignoring the cooling phase. We built models of RF tumor ablation with 2 needle‐like electrodes: a dry electrode (5 mm long and 17G in diameter) with a constant temperature protocol (70°C) and a cooled electrode (30 mm long and 17G in diameter) with a protocol of impedance control. We observed that the computed coagulation zone dimensions were always underestimated when the cooling phase was ignored. The mean values of the differences computed along the electrode axis were always lower than 0.15 mm for the dry electrode and 1.5 mm for the cooled electrode, which implied a value lower than 5% of the minor radius of the coagulation zone (which was 3 mm for the dry electrode and 30 mm for the cooled electrode). The underestimation was found to be dependent on the tissue characteristics: being more marked for higher values of specific heat and blood perfusion and less marked for higher values of thermal conductivity.