bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ and in vitro estimation of mineral release from common feedstuffs fed to cattle
Authors: ZANETTI D. , MENEZES A. C. B. , SILVA F. A. S. , COSTA E SILVA L. F. , ROTTA P. P. , DETMANN E. , ENGLE T. E. , VALADARES FILHO S. C. 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYThe objective of the current study was to quantify the dry matter (DM) digestibility, and total ash (TA) and mineral release from 12 concentrate and 12 forage feedstuffs commonly fed to cattle using in situ and in vitro methods. Concentrate and forage feedstuffs were incubated in the rumen of ruminally cannulated beef bulls at eight different time points. Two different trials were conducted for concentrates and forages, with maximum incubation time of 72 and 120 h, respectively. The residue from samples incubated for 24 h were treated with pepsin and hydrochloric acid to simulate abomasum digestion in vitro. The initial and residual samples after in situ and in vitro incubations were measured. An asymptotic model was adopted for estimating solubility of minerals, disappearance rate of DM, and TA. Correlations between feedstuff contents and mineral release were evaluated. Residual samples from rumen fermentation after 24 h were incubated in simulated abomasal conditions and mineral release was measured. Cluster analysis was performed to group feedstuffs in relation to TA release. Large variability was observed between concentrate and forage feedstuffs for all constituents analysed. Large variability was observed for the effective ruminal degradation of TA and individual mineral release. When feedstuffs were clustered according to the immediately soluble fraction (‘a’), the insoluble by potentially releasable fraction (‘b’) and the release rate of ‘b’ (‘kd’,/h) estimates of TA ruminal release, four groups were identified. From group ‘1’ to group ‘4’, an increase in the soluble fraction and a reduction in both moderate releasable fraction and release rate was observed. Neutral detergent fibre content had a negative correlation with mineral release in the rumen, while mineral content had a positive correlation. These results demonstrate that mineral solubilization in the digestive tract is not the limiting factor for mineral absorption from the feedstuffs tested.
Commercial harvests of saltwater crocodileCrocodylus porosuseggs by Indigenous people in northern Australia: lessons for long-term viability and management
Authors: Corey B. , Webb G.J.W , Manolis S.C. , Fordham A. , Austin B.J. , Fukuda Y. , Nicholls D. , Saalfeld K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSustainable commercial use of native wildlife is an alternative economic means of land use by Indigenous people in remote rural areas. This situation applies within large tracts of land owned by Indigenous people across northern Australia. The commercial use of saltwater crocodilesCrocodylus porosusis a growing industry in Australia's Northern Territory. Although Indigenous people sell crocodile eggs and hatchlings, the majority of harvesting and incubation is done by non-indigenous people from less remote areas. One Indigenous community has been heavily involved in this industry and now manages its own harvest and incubation programme. We present a case study of this programme, which has transitioned from outside agencies managing the harvest, to complete local ownership and management. Egg harvests and incubation success rates declined by 40% following the switch to local management. Income increased, as did production costs; in particular, royalty payments made to Indigenous landowners. The declines reflect the community's motives for engaging in the industry, which have been socially rather than commercially driven, and damage to nesting habitat by feral animals. The increase in royalties reflects the need to compete with non-indigenous harvesters from outside the township, who are strictly commercially driven. Harvesting, incubation and trade in crocodile eggs and hatchlings can form a viable and sustainable enterprise for remote Indigenous communities. However, efficiency needs to be improved to fulfil the need for a reliable and dependable supply chain, and regulatory institutions should give Indigenous harvesters sufficient freedom to pursue innovative and viable livelihood options.
Why the UK Needs a Social Policy on Ageing
Authors: WALKER ALAN 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article makes the case for a radical new strategy on ageing which focuses on the whole life course with the intention of preventing many of the chronic conditions associated with old age. The case is built on recent research evidence and the life-course concept of ‘active ageing’ is used to encapsulate the practical measures required. Combining biological and social science insights it is argued that, while ageing is inevitable, it is also plastic. This means that it not only manifests itself in different ways but also that it can be modified by mitigating the various risk factors that drive it. Such action would have considerable potential to reduce the personal costs of chronic conditions such as strokes and those falling on family carers but, also, to cut the associated health and social care expenditures. The question of why such apparently beneficial policy action is not being taken is discussed and a range of barriers are identified. One of these appears to be the UK's extreme brand of neo-liberalism, which militates against the collective approach necessary to implement a social policy for active ageing. Although the case is made with primary reference to UK policy and practice, the call for action to prevent chronic conditions has global relevance.
Seed caching by rodents favours seedling establishment of two palm species in a lowland Atlantic forest remnant
Authors: Dracxler Caroline Marques , Forget Pierre-Michel 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:Scatter-hoarding by rodents is expected to benefit palm recruitment by allowing cached seeds to escape predation and to colonize new areas, but evidence that seedlings emerge from cached seeds is scarce. We aimed to assess to what extent seedling establishment of two palm species (Astrocaryum aculeatissimum and Attalea humilis) is favoured by seed caching by rodents in a large Atlantic Forest remnant. We mapped the location of conspecific seedlings within circular plots of 15-m radius around five adult individuals of each palm species, checking if seedlings established from dispersed (>2 m from parent palms) or non-dispersed seeds (0–2 m from parent palms), and from buried or unburied seeds. We found a total of 42 A. aculeatissimum seedlings and 16 A. humilis seedlings. Nearly all (98%) seedlings established from seeds dispersed away from parents (mainly located 10–15 m from parents), and 83% and 75% of seedlings of A. aculeatissimum and A. humilis, respectively, established from seeds buried in the soil. Results show that both palm species depend almost entirely on caching of seeds by rodents to establish seedlings. Our study suggests that checking for endocarps associated with established seedlings can accurately estimate the process behind seedling establishment, improving our understanding about the net outcome of seed caching for large-seeded palms.
InvasiveSyzygium jambostrees in Puerto Rico: no refuge from guava rust
Authors: Burman Erin , Ackerman James D. , Tremblay Raymond L. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:Biological invasions can have negative consequences for resident biota, particularly when disease-causing organisms are involved.Austropuccinia psidii, or guava rust, has rapidly spread through the tropics affecting both native and non-native Myrtaceae. In Puerto Rico, the rust has become common onSyzygium jambos, an invasive tree native to South-East Asia. What are the drivers of infection, and do refugia exist across a heterogeneous landscape? We address these questions using species distribution modelling and beta regressions. The realized and potential distribution ofSyzygium jambosis extensive. The model produced an AUC of 0.88, with land-use categories and precipitation accounting for 61.1% of the variation. Predictability ofS. jambosis highest in disturbed habitats, especially in mountainous regions with high precipitation. All 101 trees surveyed and measured across Puerto Rico showed signs of infection to varying extents. Infection severity was consistently associated with annual mean temperature in all top beta regression models, but was also commonly associated with tree size and precipitation variables. We found no safe sites forS. jambos. Many trees were extremely unhealthy and some were dead, suggesting thatS. jambosmay soon become extinct on the island or reduced to persistent stump sprouts. Native vegetation may benefit from the local demise ofS. jambos. While the rust has not jumped to native Myrtaceae, vigilance is required, as host-shifts have occurred in other tropical regions.
Differential susceptibility effects of oxytocin gene (OXT) polymorphisms and perceived parenting on social anxiety among adolescents
Authors: Olofsdotter Susanne , Åslund Cecilia , Furmark Tomas , Comasco Erika , Nilsson Kent W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSocial anxiety is one of the most commonly reported mental health problems among adolescents, and it has been suggested that parenting style influences an adolescent's level of anxiety. A context-dependent effect of oxytocin on human social behavior has been proposed; however, research on the oxytocin gene (OXT) has mostly been reported without considering contextual factors. This study investigated the interactions between parenting style and polymorphic variations in the OXT gene in association with social anxiety symptoms in a community sample of adolescents (n = 1,359). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms linked to OXT, rs4813625 and rs2770378, were genotyped. Social anxiety and perceived parenting style were assessed by behavioral questionnaires. In interaction models adjusted for sex, significant interaction effects with parenting style were observed for both variants in relation to social anxiety. The nature of the interactions was in line with the differential susceptibility framework for rs4813625, whereas for rs2770378 the results indicated a diathesis–stress type of interaction. The findings may be interpreted from the perspective of the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin, with rs4813625 affecting social anxiety levels along a perceived unsafe–safe social context dimension.
Joint trajectories of depression and perfectionism across adolescence and childhood risk factors
Authors: Vaillancourt Tracy , Haltigan John D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe codevelopment of symptoms of depression and socially prescribed perfectionism across adolescence (age 12–17) and non–age-overlapping childhood predictors (age 10–11) of joint trajectory group membership were examined in a sample of 700 Canadian youth. Results indicated that most adolescents (75.8%) followed a trajectory of low depression symptoms (low stable), whereas 15.7% followed an increasing trajectory (increasing), and 8.5% followed a trajectory that began high and decreased over time (high decreasing). More girls than boys were found in the increasing and high decreasing depression trajectories. Adolescents followed three distinct trajectories of socially prescribed perfectionism: 41.6% were in a low stable group, 40.5% in a moderate increasing group, and 17.9% in a high increasing group. Eight percent followed a high-risk dual trajectory of increasing depression and high increasing socially prescribed perfectionism. This joint trajectory was predicted by being bullied, anxious, and relationally aggressive (compared to the low-risk trajectory of low stable depression and perfectionism) at ages 10 and 11. These same predictors, along with poorer family functioning and lower family income, differentiated the joint high decreasing depression/high increasing perfectionism group from the low/low joint group, which comprised of 3.8% of the sample. The developmental progression was best characterized as depression leading to socially prescribed perfectionism. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Basic Disaster Life Support (BDLS) Training Improves First Responder Confidence to Face Mass-Casualty Incidents in Thailand
Authors: Kuhls Deborah A. , Chestovich Paul J. , Coule Phillip , Carrison Dale M. , Chua Charleston M. , Wora-Urai Nopadol , Kanchanarin Tavatchai 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundMedical response to mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) requires specialized training and preparation. Basic Disaster Life Support (BDLS) is a course designed to prepare health care workers for a MCI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the confidence of health care professionals in Thailand to face a MCI after participating in a BDLS course.MethodsBasic Disaster Life Support was taught to health care professionals in Thailand in July 2008. Demographics and medical experience were recorded, and participants rated their confidence before and after the course using a five-point Likert scale in 11 pertinent MCI categories. Survey results were compiled and compared with P<.05 statistically significant.ResultsA total of 162 health care professionals completed the BDLS course and surveys, including 78 physicians, 70 nurses, and 14 other health care professionals. Combined confidence increased among all participants (2.1 to 3.8; +1.7; P<.001). Each occupation scored confidence increases in each measured area (P<.001). Nurses had significantly lower pre-course confidence but greater confidence increase, while physicians had higher pre-course confidence but lower confidence increase. Active duty military also had lower pre-course confidence with significantly greater confidence increases, while previous disaster courses or experience increased pre-course confidence but lower increase in confidence. Age and work experience did not influence confidence.ConclusionBasic Disaster Life Support significantly improves confidence to respond to MCI situations, but nurses and active duty military benefit the most from the course. Future courses should focus on these groups to prepare for MCIs.KuhlsDA, ChestovichPJ, Coule P, CarrisonDM, ChuaCM, Wora-UraiN, KanchanarinT. Basic Disaster Life Support (BDLS) training improves first responder confidence to face mass-casualty incidents in Thailand. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(5):492–500.
Performance associated effect variations of public reporting in promoting antibiotic prescribing practice: a cluster randomized-controlled trial in primary healthcare settings
Authors: Tang Yuqing , Liu Chenxi , Zhang Xinping 
Published: June 2017

Aim
To evaluate the variations in effect of public reporting in antibiotic prescribing practice among physicians with different performance in primary healthcare settings.

Background
Overprovision of antibiotics is a major public health concern. Public reporting has been adopted to encourage good antibiotic prescribing practices. However, which group, for instance, high, average or low antibiotic prescribers, accounted for antibiotic prescription reduction has not been fully understood.

Methods
A cluster randomized-controlled trial was conducted. In total, 20 primary healthcare institutions in Qianjiang city were paired through a six indicators-synthesized score. Coin flipping was used to assign control–intervention status; 10 were then subjected to intervention where prescription indicators were publicly reported monthly over a one-year period. Prescriptions for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) before and after the intervention were collected. Physicians were divided into high, average and low antibiotic prescribers based on their antibiotic prescribing rates last month, which were publicly reported in intervention arm. Multilevel difference-in-differences logit regressions were performed to estimate intervention effect in each physician group on three outcome indicators: prescriptions containing antibiotics, two or more antibiotics and antibiotic injections.

Findings
In total, 31 460 URTI prescriptions were collected (16 170 in intervention arm and 15 290 in control arm). Reduction in antibiotic prescription attributed to intervention was 2.82% [95% confidence intervals (CI): −4.09, −1.54%, P&lt;0.001], least significant in low prescribers (−1.41%, 95% CI: −3.81, 0.99%, P=0.249) and most significant in average prescribers (−5.01%, 95% CI: −6.94, −3.07%, P&lt;0.001). Reduction in combined antibiotics prescriptions attributed to intervention was 3.81% (95% CI: −5.23, −2.39%, P&lt;0.001), least significant in low prescribers (−2.42%, 95% CI: −4.39, −0.45%, P=0.016) and most significant in average prescribers (−5.01%, 95% CI: −7.47, −2.56%, P&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
Public reporting can positively influence antibiotic prescribing patterns of physicians for URTIs in primary care settings, with reduction in antibiotic and combined antibiotic prescriptions. The reduction was mainly attributed to average and high antibiotic prescribers.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of Lebanese primary care physicians in nutrition counseling: a self-reported survey
Authors: Hseiki Rasha A. , Osman Mona H. , El-Jarrah Rana T. , Hamadeh Ghassan N. , Lakkis Najla A. 
Published: June 2017

AimThis study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of primary care physicians (PCPs) in Lebanon regarding nutrition counseling and to investigate possible related barriers.BackgroundNutrition counseling is an important aspect of patient care, especially with the increase in nutrition-related disorders.MethodsThis is a descriptive study among a convenience sample of PCPs in Lebanon at two annual conferences in 2014 using an anonymous questionnaire.FindingsResponse rate was 54.6%. Overall, physicians considered that they have good to very good nutritional knowledge. Although they rated their formal nutritional education poorly, they had a positive attitude towards nutritional counseling and reported practicing general nutritional counseling with their patients. Barriers to nutritional counseling were: time, perceived poor patient adherence to diet, gap in physician’s nutritional knowledge and lack of insurance coverage for dietitian fees. Changes should be made to medical education curricula to include nutrition courses related to prevalent health problems.
LEGACIES OF RACIAL CONTENTION
Authors: Cunningham David , Rondini Ashley 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper focuses on the ways in which past racial contention shapes possibilities for contemporary civic action focused on youth education. Drawing on the recently legislated Civil Rights/Human Rights Education curriculum in Mississippi—a state with an exceptionally charged history of racial contention—we identify barriers to curricular implementation in Mississippi public schools and draw on case studies of initiatives in two communities that have successfully overcome these barriers. Results emphasize how the legacies of civil rights era struggles interact with contemporary demographic and educational dynamics to enable two distinct forms of robust civic action. School-centered civic practice is enabled by communities characterized by strong civil rights organizing infrastructures, high levels of contention with White authorities throughout the civil rights era, and low participation in public schools by White families. Conversely, youth civic practice in communities marked by high levels of civil rights-era contention but significant contemporary White participation in public schools occurs through out-of-school initiatives. In both cases, however, participation in and exposure to civil rights and human rights education has occurred in racially-bifurcated ways that reflect the state’s legacy of institutionalized racism.
The cost and value of UK pensions
Authors: Sweeting Paul J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOver the last 20 years, the extent of defined benefit provision has declined substantially in the United Kingdom. Whilst most of the focus has been on deficits relating to past benefit accrual, the increasing cost of future benefit accrual is also important. There are two reasons for this. First, the change in the cost of defined benefit accrual represents the difference in the earnings for employees with membership of a defined benefit scheme and those with membership of a defined contribution scheme. Second, the current cost of defined benefit accrual gives an indication of the cost of an adequate pension. As such, it can be compared with levels of contribution to defined contribution schemes to determine whether these are adequate. I therefore look at how the cost of pensions has changed relative to the cost of non-pensions earnings. I also look at the main components of the change in pensions cost – those relating to benefits payable, discount rates and longevity – to analyse their relative importance. I find that the cost of employing a member of defined benefit pension scheme has consistently outpaced the cost of employing someone in a defined contribution arrangement. I also find that the current cost of accrual is significantly higher than the average level of payments to defined contribution schemes.
Two-year clinical outcome of denosumab treatment alone and in combination with teriparatide in Japanese treatment-naive postmenopausal osteoporotic women
Authors: Nakamura Yukio , Suzuki Takako , Kamimura Mikio , Ikegami Shota , Murakami Kohei , Uchiyama Shigeharu , Taguchi Akira , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis randomized prospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome of denosumab treatment alone and in combination with teriparatide in treatment-naive postmenopausal Japanese female patients with osteoporosis. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to two groups: (1) denosumab group (denosumab alone, n=13); and (2) combination group (denosumab+teriparatide, n=17). Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP)-5b, urinary cross-linked N-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX), and bone mineral density (BMD) of L1–4 lumbar vertebrae (L-BMD) and bilateral total hips (H-BMD) were determined at the first visit and at various time points up to 24 months post-treatment to determine percentage changes. Serum TRACP-5b and urinary NTX were equally suppressed in both groups and maintained at low levels, with slight increases at 12, 18 and 24 months. BAP was significantly decreased in both groups from 4 to 24 months, with significant differences between the groups at 4, 8 and 15 months (P<0.05). L-BMD was significantly increased at most time points in both groups, with a significant difference between the combination group and denosumab group at 24 months (17.2% increase versus 9.6% increase; P<0.05). There was no significant difference in H-BMD between the two groups, although the levels tended to be higher in the combination group than in the denosumab group (9.5% increase versus 5.6% increase). These findings suggest that denosumab+teriparatide combination therapy may represent an important treatment for primary osteoporotic patients at high risk of vertebral fracture.