bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Therapists' Perceptions and Use of Exercise in the Management of Subacromial Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: Focus Group Study
Authors: Hanratty Catherine E. , Kerr Daniel P. , Wilson Iseult M. , McCracken Martin , Sim Julius , Basford Jeffrey R. , McVeigh Joseph G. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background
Shoulder pain resulting from subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS) is a common problem with a relatively poor response to treatment. There is little research exploring physical therapists' perspectives on the management of the syndrome.

Objectives
The study objective was to investigate physical therapists' perceptions and experiences regarding the use of exercise in the treatment of patients with SAIS.

Design
This was a qualitative focus group study.

Methods
Three 60- to 90-minute focus group sessions containing 6 to 8 experienced musculoskeletal physical therapists (total number=20) were conducted. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze transcripts and develop core themes and categories.

Results
Exercise was seen as key in the management of SAIS. The overarching theme was the need to “gain buy-in to exercise” at an early stage. The main subtheme was patient education. Therapists identified the need to use education about SAIS etiology to foster buy-in and “sell” self-management through exercise to the patient. They consistently mentioned achieving education and buy-in using visual tools, postural advice, and sometimes a “quick fix” of pain control. Furthermore, experienced practitioners reported including educational interventions much earlier in treatment than when they first qualified. Therapists emphasized the need for individually tailored exercises, including: scapular stabilization; rotator cuff, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior muscle strengthening; and anterior shoulder and pectoralis minor muscle stretching. Quality of exercise performance was deemed more important than the number of repetitions that the patients performed.

Limitations
Expanding the geographical area over which the focus groups were conducted and including therapists with less than 5 years of postgraduate experience may have strengthened the findings of this study.

Conclusion
Experienced musculoskeletal physical therapists believe that exercise is central in treating patients with SAIS and that gaining patient buy-in to its importance, patient education, promoting self-management, and postural advice are central to the successful treatment of people with SAIS.
TRIO OF STELLAR OCCULTATIONS BY PLUTO ONE YEAR PRIOR TO NEW HORIZONS’ ARRIVAL
Authors: Pasachoff Jay M. , Person Michael J. , Bosh Amanda S. , Sickafoose Amanda A. , Zuluaga Carlos , Kosiarek Molly R. , Levine Stephen E. , Osip David J. , Schiff Avery , Seeger Christina H. , Babcock Bryce A. , Rojo Patricio , Servajean Elise 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We observed occultations by Pluto during a predicted series of events in 2014 July with the 1 m telescope of the Mt. John Observatory in New Zealand. The predictions were based on updated astrometry obtained in the previous months at the USNO, CTIO, and Lowell Observatories. We successfully detected occultations by Pluto of an R = 18 mag star on July 23 (14:23:32 ± 00:00:04 UTC to 14:25:30 ± 00:00:04 UTC), with a drop of 75% of the unocculted stellar signal, and of an R = 17 star on July 24 (11:41:30 ± 00:00:08 UTC to 11:43:28 ± 00:00:08 UTC), with a drop of 80% of the unocculted stellar signal, both with 20 s exposures with our frame-transfer Portable Occultation, Eclipse, and Transit System. Since Pluto had a geocentric velocity of 22.51 km s−1 on July 23 and 22.35 km s−1 on July 24, these intervals yield limits on the chord lengths (surface and lower atmosphere) of 2700 ± 130 km and 2640 ± 250 km, respectively, indicating that the events were near central, and therefore provide astrometric constraints on the prediction method. Our coordinated observations with the 4 m AAT in Australia on July 23 and the 6.5 m Magellan/Clay on Las Campanas, the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope on Cerro Pachön, the 2.5 m DuPont on Las Campanas (LCO), the 0.6 m SARA-South on Cerro Tololo of the Southeastern Association for Research in Astronomy (SARA), the MPI/ESO 2.2 m on La Silla, and the 0.45 m Cerro Calán telescope and 0.36 telescope in Constitución in Chile on July 27 and 31, which would have provided higher-cadence observations for studies of Pluto’s atmosphere, were largely foiled by clouds, but led to detection with the LCO Magellan/Clay and DuPont Telescopes on July 31 of the grazing occultation of a previously unknown 15th-magnitude star, completing the trio of occultations successfully observed and reported in this paper.
FIRST RESULTS FROM THE RAPID-RESPONSE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF NEAR-EARTH OBJECTS USING UKIRT
Authors: Mommert M. , Trilling D. E. , Borth D. , Jedicke R. , Butler N. , Reyes-Ruiz M. , Pichardo B. , Petersen E. , Axelrod T. , Moskovitz N. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Using the Wide Field Camera for the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT), we measure the near-infrared colors of near-Earth objects (NEOs) in order to put constraints on their taxonomic classifications. The rapid-response character of our observations allows us to observe NEOs when they are close to the Earth and bright. Here we present near-infrared color measurements of 86 NEOs, most of which were observed within a few days of their discovery, allowing us to characterize NEOs with diameters of only a few meters. Using machine-learning methods, we compare our measurements to existing asteroid spectral data and provide probabilistic taxonomic classifications for our targets. Our observations allow us to distinguish between S-complex, C/X-complex, D-type, and V-type asteroids. Our results suggest that the fraction of S-complex asteroids in the whole NEO population is lower than the fraction of ordinary chondrites in the meteorite fall statistics. Future data obtained with UKIRT will be used to investigate the significance of this discrepancy.
THE MILKY WAY’S HOT GAS KINEMATICS: SIGNATURES IN CURRENT AND FUTURE O vii ABSORPTION LINE OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Miller Matthew J. , Hodges-Kluck Edmund J. , Bregman Joel N. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Detections of

0 oxygen absorption and emission lines indicate the Milky Way hosts a hot (

K), low-density plasma extending

into the Mily Way’s halo. Current X-ray telescopes cannot resolve the line profiles, but the variation of their strengths on the sky constrains the radial gas distribution. Interpreting the O vii Kα absorption line strengths has several complications, including optical depth and line of sight velocity effects. Here, we present model absorption line profiles accounting for both of these effects to show the lines can exhibit asymmetric structures and be broader than the intrinsic Doppler width. The line profiles encode the hot gas rotation curve, the net inflow or outflow of hot gas, and the hot gas angular momentum profile. We show how line of sight velocity effects impact the conversion between equivalent width and the column density, and provide modified curves of growth accounting for these effects. As an example, we analyze the LMC sight line pulsar dispersion measure and O vii equivalent width to show the average gas metallicity is

and b

km s−1. Determining these properties offers valuable insights into the dynamical state of the Milky Way’s hot gas, and improves the line strength interpretation. We discuss future strategies to observe these effects with an instrument that has a spectral resolution of about 3000, a goal that is technically possible today.
MAGiiCAT IV. KINEMATICS OF THE CIRCUMGALACTIC MEDIUM AND EVIDENCE FOR QUIESCENT EVOLUTION AROUND RED GALAXIES
Authors: Nielsen Nikole M. , Churchill Christopher W. , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Murphy Michael T. , Evans Jessica L. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The equivalent widths of

absorption in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) trace the global star formation rate up to z < 6, are larger for star-forming galaxies than passively evolving galaxies, and decrease with increasing distance from the galaxy. We delve further into the physics involved by investigating gas kinematics and cloud column density distributions as a function of galaxy color, redshift, and projected distance from the galaxy (normalized by galaxy virial radius, D/R
vir). For 39 isolated galaxies at 0.3 < z
gal < 1.0, we have detected

absorption in high-resolution (Δv ≃ 6.6 km s−1) spectra of background quasars within a projected distance of 7 < D < 190 kpc. We characterize the absorption velocity spread using pixel-velocity two-point correlation functions. Velocity dispersions and cloud column densities for blue galaxies do not differ with redshift nor with D/R
vir. This suggests that outflows continually replenish the CGM of blue galaxies with high velocity dispersion, large column density gas out to large distances. Conversely, absorption hosted by red galaxies evolves with redshift where the velocity dispersions (column densities) are smaller (larger) at z
gal < 0.656. After taking into account larger possible velocities in more massive galaxies, we find that there is no difference in the velocity dispersions or column densities for absorption hosted by red galaxies with D/R
vir. Thus, a lack of outflows in red galaxies causes the CGM to become more quiescent over time, with lower velocity dispersions and larger column densities toward lower z
gal. The quenching of star formation appears to affect the CGM out to D/R
vir = 0.75.
PECULIAR VELOCITY CONSTRAINTS FROM FIVE-BAND SZ EFFECT MEASUREMENTS TOWARD RX J1347.5−1145 WITH MUSIC AND BOLOCAM FROM THE CSO
Authors: Sayers Jack , Zemcov Michael , Glenn Jason , Golwala Sunil R. , Maloney Philip R. , Siegel Seth R. , Wheeler Jordan , Bockstiegel Clint , Brugger Spencer , Czakon Nicole G. , Day Peter K. , Downes Thomas P. , Duan Ran P. , Gao Jiansong , Hollister Matthew I. , Lam Albert , LeDuc Henry G. , Mazin Benjamin A. , McHugh Sean G. , Miller David A. , Mroczkowski Tony K. , Noroozian Omid , Nguyen Hien T. , Radford Simon J. E. , Schlaerth James A. , Vayonakis Anastasios , Wilson Philip R. , Zmuidzinas Jonas 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We present Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect measurements from wide-field images toward the galaxy cluster RX J1347.5−1145 obtained from the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory with the Multiwavelength Submillimeter Inductance Camera at 147, 213, 281, and 337 GHz and with Bolocam at 140 GHz. As part of our analysis, we have used higher frequency data from Herschel–SPIRE and previously published lower frequency radio data to subtract the signal from the brightest dusty star-forming galaxies behind RX J1347.5−1145 and from the AGN in RX J1347.5−1145’s BCG. Using these five-band SZ effect images, combined with X-ray spectroscopic measurements of the temperature of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) from Chandra, we constrain the ICM optical depth to be

and the ICM line of sight peculiar velocity to be

km s−1. The errors for both quantities are limited by measurement noise rather than calibration uncertainties or astrophysical contamination, and significant improvements are possible with deeper observations. Our best-fit velocity is in good agreement with one previously published SZ effect analysis and in mild tension with the other, although some or all of that tension may be because that measurement samples a much smaller cluster volume. Furthermore, our best-fit optical depth implies a gas mass slightly larger than the Chandra-derived value, implying the cluster is elongated along the line of sight.
RAPID OPTIMAL SPH PARTICLE DISTRIBUTIONS IN SPHERICAL GEOMETRIES FOR CREATING ASTROPHYSICAL INITIAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Raskin Cody , Owen J. Michael 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Creating spherical initial conditions in smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations that are spherically conformal is a difficult task. Here, we describe two algorithmic methods for evenly distributing points on surfaces that when paired can be used to build three-dimensional spherical objects with optimal equipartition of volume between particles, commensurate with an arbitrary radial density function. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method against stretched lattice arrangements on the metrics of hydrodynamic stability, spherical conformity, and the harmonic power distribution of gravitational settling oscillations. We further demonstrate how our method is highly optimized for simulating multi-material spheres, such as planets with core–mantle boundaries.
M DWARF FLARE CONTINUUM VARIATIONS ON ONE-SECOND TIMESCALES: CALIBRATING AND MODELING OF ULTRACAM FLARE COLOR INDICES*
Authors: Kowalski Adam F. , Mathioudakis Mihalis , Hawley Suzanne L. , Wisniewski John P. , Dhillon Vik S. , Marsh Tom R. , Hilton Eric J. , Brown Benjamin P. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a large data set of high-cadence dMe flare light curves obtained with custom continuum filters on the triple-beam, high-speed camera system ULTRACAM. The measurements provide constraints for models of the near-ultraviolet (NUV) and optical continuum spectral evolution on timescales of ≈1 s. We provide a robust interpretation of the flare emission in the ULTRACAM filters using simultaneously obtained low-resolution spectra during two moderate-sized flares in the dM4.5e star YZ CMi. By avoiding the spectral complexity within the broadband Johnson filters, the ULTRACAM filters are shown to characterize bona fide continuum emission in the NUV, blue, and red wavelength regimes. The NUV/blue flux ratio in flares is equivalent to a Balmer jump ratio, and the blue/red flux ratio provides an estimate for the color temperature of the optical continuum emission. We present a new “color–color” relationship for these continuum flux ratios at the peaks of the flares. Using the RADYN and RH codes, we interpret the ULTRACAM filter emission using the dominant emission processes from a radiative-hydrodynamic flare model with a high nonthermal electron beam flux, which explains a hot, T ≈ 104 K, color temperature at blue-to-red optical wavelengths and a small Balmer jump ratio as observed in moderate-sized and large flares alike. We also discuss the high time resolution, high signal-to-noise continuum color variations observed in YZ CMi during a giant flare, which increased the NUV flux from this star by over a factor of 100.
DETECTION OF AN ATMOSPHERE AROUND THE SUPER-EARTH 55 CANCRI E
Authors: Tsiaras A. , Rocchetto M. , Waldmann I. P. , Venot O. , Varley R. , Morello G. , Damiano M. , Tinetti G. , Barton E. J. , Yurchenko S. N. , Tennyson J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the analysis of two new spectroscopic observations in the near-infrared of the super-Earth 55 Cancri e, obtained with the WFC3 camera on board the Hubble Space Telescope. 55 Cancri e orbits so close to its parent star that temperatures much higher than 2000 K are expected on its surface. Given the brightness of 55 Cancri, the observations were obtained in scanning mode, adopting a very long scanning length and a very high scanning speed. We use our specialized pipeline to take into account systematics introduced by these observational parameters when coupled with the geometrical distortions of the instrument. We measure the transit depth per wavelength channel with an average relative uncertainty of 22 ppm per visit and find modulations that depart from a straight line model with a 6σ confidence level. These results suggest that 55 Cancri e is surrounded by an atmosphere, which is probably hydrogen-rich. Our fully Bayesian spectral retrieval code,

-REx, has identified HCN to be the most likely molecular candidate able to explain the features at 1.42 and 1.54 μm. While additional spectroscopic observations in a broader wavelength range in the infrared will be needed to confirm the HCN detection, we discuss here the implications of such a result. Our chemical model, developed with combustion specialists, indicates that relatively high mixing ratios of HCN may be caused by a high C/O ratio. This result suggests this super-Earth is a carbon-rich environment even more exotic than previously thought.
Notes-dessins et dessins-récits
Authors: Kepplinger-Prinz Christoph , Pektor Katharina 
Published: March 2016

La contribution porte sur la pratique du dessin comme procédé de prise de notes chez Peter Handke, de 1975 jusqu’au début des années quatre-vingt-dix. L’étude commence par les premières esquisses et leur emploi intensif en 1978. Elle présente une chronologie de leur évolution et offre ensuite un classement synchronique des cinq formes de cette « notation par dessin » : petites esquisses, profils, évocations mémorielles, paysages et panoramas, lettres ornementales. La recherche s’appuie sur les carnets de Handke conservés aux Archives littéraires allemandes à Marbach et à la Bibliothèque nationale d’Autriche ; une sélection en est présentée dans l’iconographie de notre contribution.
Du papier à la pensée chez Charles S. Peirce : le cas d’une tache
Authors: Vogel Jérôme 
Published: March 2016

L’enquête porte sur la dimension graphique de la pensée chez le philosophe américain Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914). Si l’on a déjà bien exploré les aspects logique et mathématique du système diagrammatique inventé par Peirce, celui des « Graphes Existentiels », on a en revanche été peu sensible à la forme concrète de ce dispositif dans les manuscrits de l’auteur. L’examen de cette forme, de son élaboration sémiotique et des questions philosophiques qu’elle soulève révèle notamment l’importance de la notion d’interface dans les diagrammes peircéens. Pour la démontrer, je retrace à travers les manuscrits le fil d’une discussion occasionnée par une tache d’encre venue noircir le carnet de Peirce un jour de 1894, puis j’analyse la pertinence de cette discussion relativement aux Graphes Existentiels.
Entre esquisse et brouillon, le primo pensiero
Authors: Boubli Lizzie 
Published: March 2016

Cet article examine les possibilités d’interprétation d’un processus inclus dans une génétique du dessin, qu’on peut appeler le primo pensiero, c’est-à-dire le stade initial de l’esquisse. Il est discuté à partir de quelques exemples choisis dans le dessin du xvie siècle italien et il démontre les possibilités d’équivalence avec le brouillon dans le champ de la génétique littéraire. Toute la difficulté est de savoir si le primo pensiero peut à lui tout seul inclure toutes les phases du brouillon ou s’il n’en constitue qu’une partie.
The GOME-2 instrument on the Metop series of satellites: instrument design, calibration, and level 1 data processing – an overview
Authors: Munro Rosemary , Lang Rüdiger , Klaes Dieter , Poli Gabriele , Retscher Christian , Lindstrot Rasmus , Huckle Roger , Lacan Antoine , Grzegorski Michael , Holdak Andriy , Kokhanovsky Alexander , Livschitz Jakob , Eisinger Michael 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) flies on the Metop series of satellites, the space component of the EUMETSAT Polar System. In this paper we will provide an overview of the instrument design, the on-ground calibration and characterization activities, in-flight calibration, and level 0 to 1 data processing. The current status of the level 1 data is presented and points of specific relevance to users are highlighted. Long-term level 1 data consistency is also discussed and plans for future work are outlined. The information contained in this paper summarizes a large number of technical reports and related documents containing information that is not currently available in the published literature. These reports and documents are however made available on the EUMETSAT web pages and readers requiring more details than can be provided in this overview paper will find appropriate references at relevant points in the text.
A Retrospective, Iterative, Geometry-Based (RIGB) tilt-correction method for radiation observed by automatic weather stations on snow-covered surfaces: application to Greenland
Authors: Wang Wenshan , Zender Charles S. , van As Dirk , Smeets Paul C. J. P. , van den Broeke Michiel R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Surface melt and mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet may play crucial roles in global climate change due to their positive feedbacks and large fresh-water storage. With few other regular meteorological observations available in this extreme environment, measurements from automatic weather stations (AWS) are the primary data source for studying surface energy budgets, and for validating satellite observations and model simulations. Station tilt, due to irregular surface melt, compaction and glacier dynamics, causes considerable biases in the AWS shortwave radiation measurements. In this study, we identify tilt-induced biases in the climatology of surface shortwave radiative flux and albedo, and retrospectively correct these by iterative application of solar geometric principles. We found, over all the AWS from the Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net), the Kangerlussuaq transect (K-transect) and the Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) networks, insolation on fewer than 40 % of clear days peaks within &amp;pm;0.5 h of solar noon time, with the largest shift exceeding 3 h due to tilt. Hourly absolute biases in the magnitude of surface insolation can reach up to 200 W m−2, with respect to the well-understood clear-day insolation. We estimate the tilt angles and their directions based on the solar geometric relationship between the simulated insolation at a horizontal surface and the observed insolation by these tilted AWS under clear-sky conditions. Our adjustment reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) against references from both satellite observation and reanalysis by 16 W m−2 (24 %), and raises the correlation coefficients with them to above 0.95. Averaged over the whole Greenland Ice Sheet in the melt season, the adjustment in insolation to compensate station tilt is  ∼  11 W m−2, enough to melt 0.24 m of snow water equivalent. The adjusted diurnal cycles of albedo are smoother, with consistent semi-smiling patterns. The seasonal cycles and inter-annual variabilities of albedo agree better with previous studies. This tilt-corrected shortwave radiation data set derived using the Retrospective, Iterative, Geometry-Based (RIGB) method provide more accurate observations and validations for surface energy budgets studies on the Greenland Ice Sheet, including albedo variations, surface melt simulations and cloud radiative forcing estimates.
Gender, Modernity, and the End of the Fil-Hispanic World
Authors: Arighi William 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
“Gender, Modernity, and the End of the Fil-Hispanic World” examines how modern social life was imagined by the early twentieth-century Filipino writer, Jesús Balmori, who was thirteen years old when Spain sold the Philippines to the United States. As a famed poet, journalist, and novelist, Balmori adapted Latin American “modernista” writings to criticize life under the new imperial regime. Balmori's first novel, Bancarrota de almas, draws on a worldly Hispanic tradition that produces no possibilities for the future of the Spanish-speaking elite within the Pacific Archipelago. This is, in part, because Bancarrota de almas represents the incursion of North American modernity as a threat to Filipino masculinity produced through the bodies of Filipina women. Balmori's turn to a pan-Hispanic worldview thus depends on the segregation and re-domestication of women, and abandons the potentially liberationist politics of the nation for the repressive politics of the home. By exploring Hispanic culture between nonmetropolitan sites, this article opens new ways of thinking about South–South relations in literary studies, as well as how gender conditioned the transition from Spanish-language literature in the Philippines to a literature based in English and the indigenous languages, such as Tagalog.