bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capital excedente e urbanização: o papel dos grandes projetos urbanos
Authors: Somekh Nadia , Gaspar Ricardo Carlos 
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo desenvolve algumas reflexões sobre a relação entre os grandes projetos urbanos, a absorção dos excedentes de capital e as crises econômicas da atualidade. Ele principia pela conceitualização dos grandes projetos urbanos à luz do novo papel das cidades na economia mundial contemporânea, prossegue com considerações sobre a dinâmica imobiliária e a disputa em torno da terra e da renda do solo urbano, e finaliza com a defesa do papel do Estado – em todas as escalas geográficas, mas, sobretudo, do Estado nacional – no ordenamento do território, na fixação de princípios integrados de política regional e na regulação pública do espaço urbano. Palavras-chave: grandes projetos urbanos; excedentes de capital; política urbana; Estado nacional; solo urbano. Abstract: This article offers some reflections on the relationship among large urban projects, the absorption of capital surpluses and the ongoing economic crisis. It starts with the conceptualization of large urban projects in the light of the new role of cities in the contemporary world economy. Then it turns to considerations about the real estate dynamics and the conflicts involving urban land use and urban rent, and finally, it highlights the essential role of the State – in all geographic scales but, mainly, at the national level – at fixing parameters for territorial arrangement, principles of integrated regional policy, and enforcing the public regulation of urban space. Keywords: large urban projects; capital surpluses; urban policy; National State; urban land.
Successful Endoscopic Clipping of Appendiceal Orifice Bleeding: A Technical Maneuver to Convert an Emergency to an Elective Procedure
Authors: Yakubov Stanley , Anyadike Emeka , Rahmani Rabin , Mayer Ira , Tsirlin Yurly 
Published: January 2017

Objective: We report a rare case of an elderly man with appendiceal bleeding successfully treated with endoscopic placement of hemoclips. Methods: We describe the patient’s clinical presentation, laboratory test results, imaging, and treatment. Results: An 89-year-old man presented with two episodes of bloody diarrhea that occurred two hours apart. Colonoscopy revealed active bleeding from the appen- diceal orifice. Hemostasis was achieved with epinephrine injections followed by placement of five hemoclips to effectively close the appendiceal orifice. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed an irregular thick- ening of the appendix wall, raising the possibility of an appendiceal mass. On hospital day 4, the patient underwent appendectomy and partial cecectomy. Pathology revealed focal ulceration of the mucosa without malig- nancy. The remainder of the patient’s hospital course was uneventful.Conclusion: The endoscopic methods used in our case proved effective in achieving hemostasis and allowed the patient to be stabilized prior to surgery. It is unclear whether longer monitoring would reveal any possible long-term complications after endoscopic closure of the appendix. It would be of interest to further investigate this approach to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of this procedure.
Autophagy and Schizophrenia: A Closer Look at How Dysregulation of Neuronal Cell Homeostasis Influences the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia
Authors: Schneider Jaime L. , Miller Ann M. , Woesner Mary E. 
Published: January 2017

Autophagy, the process of degrading intracellular components in lysosomes, plays an important role in the central nervous system by contributing to neuronal homeostasis. Autophagic failure has been linked to neurologic dysfunction and a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent investigation has revealed a novel role for autophagy in the context of mental illness, namely in schizophrenia. This article summarizes the phenomenology, genetics, and structural/histopathological brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia. We review studies that demonstrate for the first time a connection between autophagy malfunction and schizophrenia. Transcriptional profiling in schizophrenia patients uncovered a dysregulation of autophagy-related genes spatially confined to a specific area of the cortex, Brodmann Area 22, which has been previously implicated in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. We also discuss the role of autophagy activators in schizophrenia and whether they may be useful adjuvants to the traditional antipsychotic medications currently used as the standard of care. In summary, the field has progressed beyond the basic concept that autophagy impairment predisposes to neurodegeneration, to a mechanistic understanding that loss of autophagy can disrupt neuronal cell biology and predispose to mood disorders, psychotic symptoms, and behavioral change.
Repeatability and accuracy testing of a weight distribution platform and comparison to a pressure sensitive walkway to assess static weight distribution
Authors: Bosscher Georgia , Tomas Andrea , Marcellin-Little Denis , Lascelles B. Duncan , Roe Simon 
Published: January 2017

SummaryObjective: To evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of measurements collected using a weight distribution platform and a pressure sensitive walkway using an inanimate object with known weight distribution.Methods: A custom-built jig with a range of weights was applied in a random order. Measurements were collected on both devices and compared to each other and to the known weight distribution.Results: Weight distribution platform and pressure sensitive walkway measurements were highly correlated to each other (Pearson’s correlation coefficient R = 0.98) and to actual weights (R = 0.99 for the weight distribution platform; 0.98 for the pressure sensitive walkway). Repeatability from day to day for both devices was greater than 0.99. For the weight distribution platform, the 95% confidence interval was ± 2.5% from the true percentage and ± 3.3% for the pressure sensitive walkway. The coefficient of variation (COV) was highest for both devices at the lightest weights (weight distribution platform 11.28%, pressure sensitive walkway 16.91%) and lowest with the heaviest weights (weight distribution platform 3.71%, pressure sensitive walkway 5.86%).Conclusion: Both the weight distribution platform and the pressure sensitive walkway provided accurate and consistent measures of weight distribution with no significant difference between devices. The rounded standard error was three percent for the weight distribution platform, and four percent for the pressure sensitive walkway. The higher variability when measuring the smallest weight suggests less accuracy at lower weights with both devices.Clinical significance: The weight distribution platform is a repeatable and accessible device to measure static weight distribution, and if proven the same in a clinical setting, it will be a valuable addition to current objective measures of limb use.
Climate and Habitability of Kepler 452b Simulated with a Fully Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean General Circulation Model
Authors: Hu Yongyun , Wang Yuwei , Liu Yonggang , Yang Jun 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The discovery of Kepler 452b is a milestone in searching for habitable exoplanets. While it has been suggested that Kepler 452b is the first Earth-like exoplanet discovered in the habitable zone of a Sun-like star, its climate states and habitability require quantitative studies. Here, we first use a three-dimensional fully coupled atmosphere–ocean climate model to study the climate and habitability of an exoplanet around a Sun-like star. Our simulations show that Kepler 452b is habitable if CO2 concentrations in its atmosphere are comparable or lower than that in the present-day Earth atmosphere. However, our simulations also suggest that Kepler 452b can become too hot to be habitable if there is the lack of silicate weathering to limit CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. We also address whether Kepler 452b could retain its water inventory after 6.0 billion years of lifetime. These results in the present Letter will provide insights about climate and habitability for other undiscovered exoplanets similar to Kepler 452b, which may be observable by future observational missions.
In VitroFertilization in 37 Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Series of 97 Procedures
Authors: Orquevaux Pauline , Masseau Agathe , Le Guern Véronique , Gayet Vanessa , Vauthier Danièle , Guettrot-Imbert Gaelle , Huong Du Le Thi , Wechsler Bertrand , Morel Nathalie , Cacoub Patrice , Pennaforte Jean-Loup , Piette Jean-Charles , Costedoat-Chalumeau Nathalie 
Published: January 2017

Objective.To compile and assess data about complication and success rates forin vitrofertilization (IVF) of women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and/or antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). To date, such data are sparse.Methods.This retrospective study described women with SLE and/or APS who have had at least 1 IVF cycle.Results.Thirty-seven women with SLE (n = 23, including 8 with antiphospholipid antibodies), SLE with APS (n = 4), or primary APS (n = 10) underwent 97 IVF procedures. For 43% of cases, the infertility was female in origin, for 19% male, 14% mixed, and 24% unexplained. No women had premature ovarian insufficiency because of cyclophosphamide. Median age at IVF was 34 years (range 26–46). The median number of IVF cycles was 2.6 (1–8). Patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine (72%), steroids (70%), azathioprine (3%), aspirin (92%), and/or low molecular weight heparin (62%). There were 27 (28%) pregnancies, 23 live births among 26 neonates (3 twin pregnancies), 2 miscarriages, and 2 terminations for trisomy 13 and 21. Six spontaneous pregnancies occurred during the followup. Finally, 26 women (70%) delivered at least 1 healthy child. Complications occurred in or after 8 IVF cycles (8%): SLE flares in 4 (polyarthritis in 3 and lupus enteritis in 1) and thromboembolic events in 4 others. One SLE flare was the first sign of previously undiagnosed SLE. Poor treatment adherence was obvious in 2 other flares and 2 thromboses. No ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was reported.Conclusion.These preliminary results confirm that IVF can be safely and successfully performed in women with SLE and/or APS.
Clinical Orofacial Examination in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: International Consensus-based Recommendations for Monitoring Patients in Clinical Practice and Research Studies
Authors: Stoustrup Peter , Twilt Marinka , Spiegel Lynn , Kristensen Kasper Dahl , Koos Bernd , Pedersen Thomas Klit , Küseler Annelise , Cron Randy Q. , Abramowicz Shelly , Verna Carlalberta , Peltomäki Timo , Alstergren Per , Petty Ross , Ringold Sarah , Nørholt Sven Erik , Saurenmann Rotraud K. , Herlin Troels 
Published: January 2017

Objective.To develop international consensus-based recommendations for the orofacial examination of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), for use in clinical practice and research.Methods.Using a sequential phased approach, a multidisciplinary task force developed and evaluated a set of recommendations for the orofacial examination of patients with JIA. Phase 1: A Delphi survey was conducted among 40 expert physicians and dentists with the aim of identifying and ranking the importance of items for inclusion. Phase 2: The task force developed consensus about the domains and items to be included in the recommendations. Phase 3: A systematic literature review was performed to assess the evidence supporting the consensus-based recommendations. Phase 4: An independent group of orofacial and JIA experts were invited to assess the content validity of the task force’s recommendations.Results.Five recommendations were developed to assess the following 5 domains: medical history, orofacial symptoms, muscle and temporomandibular joint function, orofacial function, and dentofacial growth. After application of data search criteria, 56 articles were included in the systematic review. The level of evidence for the 5 recommendations was derived primarily from descriptive studies, such as cross-sectional and case-control studies.Conclusion.Five recommendations are proposed for the orofacial examination of patients with JIA to improve the clinical practice and aid standardized data collection for future studies. The task force has formulated a future research program based on the proposed recommendations.
La sociologie des organisations telle qu’elle (s’)est faite. Michel Crozier sur le terrain, 1954-1974
Authors: Paulange-Mirovic Alexandre 
Published: January 2017

Cet article traite de l’existence de savoir-faire spécifiques à la sociologie développée par Michel Crozier. En recourant à l’observation historique des pratiques de recherche et en prêtant une attention particulière aux variations de configurations, on réalise une comparaison entre deux enquêtes de sociologie des organisations menées à vingt années de distance. Dans le premier cas (années 1950), le Centre des chèques postaux de Paris est une administration publique que l’activité financière rapproche d’une entreprise. Dans le second cas (années 1970), Saint-Gobain Pont-à-Mousson est un groupe industriel aux dimensions d’une administration. L’étude approfondie des pratiques de recherche laisse apparaître, au gré des contingences des premières expériences de terrain, la formalisation progressive de ce qui constitue le socle de la sociologie des organisations de M. Crozier : un répertoire de pratiques (tactiques d’accès au terrain, routines et protocoles d’enquête, mode de traitement des données, etc.) suffisamment flexible pour engendrer des déclinaisons selon le contexte, les objets et le type de demande.
Housing production in Brussels: the neighbourhood city to stand the test of urban densification
Authors: Ananian Priscilla 
Published: January 2017

In recent years, housing densification in the Brussels-Capital Region has become an urban development issue and tool to cope with demographic expansion and the widening gap between supply and demand as regards social and middle income housing. The choice of location is crucial in order to meet these challenges, identified in particular in the Sustainable Regional Development Plan project. Yet, with a social housing stock of 39 000 dwellings and more than 45 000 prospective tenant households, public real estate developers do not seem to consider location as a priority criterion to decide on new housing operations in the regional territory. The present article is intended to be an updated summary of research which began approximately ten years ago and whose objective was to analyse public and private housing production since 1989 with regard to the evolution of the city project [Ananian, 2010]. A second objective has been added to this initial one, namely to compare these results to the Regional Housing Plan (2005) production and the financial framework of Alliance Habitat (2015). This synopsis highlights the necessity to direct the efforts of the public authorities towards an integrated strategy of urban planning and public housing production which takes into account the proximity of the facilities, services and amenities of daily life.
Age-Associated B Cells Express a Diverse Repertoire of VH and Vκ Genes with Somatic Hypermutation
Authors: Russell Knode Lisa M. , Naradikian Martin S. , Myles Arpita , Scholz Jean L. , Hao Yi , Liu Danya , Ford Mandy L. , Tobias John W. , Cancro Michael P. , Gearhart Patricia J. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The origin and nature of age-associated B cells (ABCs) in mice are poorly understood. In this article, we show that their emergence required MHC class II and CD40/CD40L interactions. Young donor B cells were adoptively transferred into congenic recipients and allowed to remain for 1 mo in the absence of external Ag. B cells expressing the T-bet transcription factor, a marker for ABCs, were generated after multiple cell divisions from C57BL/6 donors but not from MHC class II– or CD40-deficient donors. Furthermore, old CD154 (CD40L)-deficient mice did not accrue ABCs, confirming that they arise primarily through T-dependent interactions. To determine what Igs ABCs express, we sequenced VH and Vκ rearranged genes from unimmunized 22-mo-old C57BL/6 mice and showed that they had a heterogeneous repertoire, which was comparable to that seen in old follicular and marginal zone B cell subsets. However, in contrast to the follicular and marginal zone cells, ABCs displayed significant somatic hypermutation. The mutation frequency was lower than found in germinal center cells after deliberate immunization, suggesting that ABCs have undergone mild stimulation from endogenous Ags over time. These observations show that quiescent ABCs are Ag-experienced cells that accumulate during T cell–dependent responses to diverse Ags during the life of an individual.
A Combined Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Saltwater Intrusion Problem with Splitting Mixed Procedure
Authors: Zhang Jiansong , Zhu Jiang , Yang Danping 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a new combined method is presented to simulate saltwater intrusion problem. A splitting positive definite mixed element method is used to solve the water head equation, and a symmetric discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element method is used to solve the concentration equation. The introduction of these two numerical methods not only makes the coefficient matrixes symmetric positive definite, but also does well with the discontinuous problem. The convergence of this method is considered and the optimal L2-norm error estimate is also derived.
Natural Convection Cooling of an Array of Flush Mounted Discrete Heaters Inside a 3D Cavity
Authors: Nayaki V. P. M. Senthil , Saravanan S. , Niu X. D. , Kandaswamy P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn investigation of natural convective flow and heat transfer inside a three dimensional rectangular cavity containing an array of discrete heat sources is carried out. The array consists of a row and columnwise regular arrangement of identical square shaped isoflux discrete heaters and is flush mounted on a vertical wall of the cavity. A symmetrical isothermal sink condition is maintained by cooling the cavity uniformly from either the opposite wall or the side walls or the top and bottom walls. The other walls of the cavity are maintained adiabatic. A finite volume method based on the SIMPLE algorithm and the power law scheme is used to solve the conservation equations. The parametric study covers the influence of pertinent parameters such as the Rayleigh number, the Prandtl number, side aspect ratio of the cavity and cavity heater ratio. A detailed fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics for the three cases are reported in terms of isothermal and velocity vector plots and Nusselt numbers. In general it is found that the overall heat transfer rate within the cavity for Ra=107 is maximum when the side aspect ratio of the cavity lies between 1.5 and 2. A more complex and peculiar flow pattern is observed in the presence of top and bottom cold walls which in turn introduces hot spots on the adiabatic walls. Their location and size are highly sensitive to the side aspect ratio of the cavity and hence offers more effective ways for passive heat removal.
Cryoelectrolysis—electrolytic processes in a frozen physiological saline medium
Authors: Lugnani Franco , Macchioro Matteo , Rubinsky Boris 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundCryoelectrolysis is a new minimally invasive tissue ablation surgical technique that combines the ablation techniques of electrolytic ablation with cryosurgery. The goal of this study is to examine the hypothesis that electrolysis can take place in a frozen aqueous saline solution.MethodTo examine the hypothesis we performed a cryoelectrolytic ablation protocol in which electrolysis and cryosurgery are delivered simultaneously in a tissue simulant made of physiological saline gel with a pH dye. We measured current flow, voltage and extents of freezing and pH dye staining.ResultsUsing optical measurements and measurements of currents, we have shown that electrolysis can occur in frozen physiological saline, at high subzero freezing temperatures, above the eutectic temperature of the frozen salt solution. It was observed that electrolysis occurs when the tissue resides at high subzero temperatures during the freezing stage and essentially throughout the entire thawing stage. We also found that during thawing, the frozen lesion temperature raises rapidly to high subfreezing values and remains at those values throughout the thawing stage. Substantial electrolysis occurs during the thawing stage. Another interesting finding is that electro-osmotic flows affect the process of cryoelectrolysis at the anode and cathode, in different ways.DiscussionThe results showing that electrical current flow and electrolysis occur in frozen saline solutions imply a mechanism involving ionic movement in the fluid concentrated saline solution channels between ice crystals, at high subfreezing temperatures. Temperatures higher than the eutectic are required for the brine to be fluid. The particular pattern of temperature and electrical currents during the thawing stage of frozen tissue, can be explained by the large amounts of energy that must be removed at the outer edge of the frozen lesion because of the solid/liquid phase transformation on that interface.ConclusionElectrolysis can occur in a frozen domain at high subfreezing temperature, probably above the eutectic. It appears that the most effective period for delivering electrolytic currents in cryoelectrolysis is during the high subzero temperatures stage while freezing and immediately after cooling has stopped, throughout the thawing stage.
Multimedia and Textual Reading Comprehension: Multimedia as Personal Learning Environment’s Enriching Format
Authors: García J. Daniel , Rigo Eduardo , Jiménez Rafael 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this article we will discuss part of a piece of research that was conducted with two 4ESO groups. Textual learning is opposed to multimedia learning within the context of PLE’s (Personal Learning Environment) reading tools and strategies. In the research an analysis was made of whether it would be possible to improve the reading process through multimedia over a school term in two different aspects; one evolutionary with six classroom exercises and one evaluation with a final exercise. Concretely, this article states the number of question mistakes that the students made. The data indicates that there is a better evolution in students that performed the multimedia dynamic, although there are not any relevant differences in the final evaluation.
Are Students Ready to (re)-Design their Personal Learning Environment? The Case of the E-Dynamic.Space
Authors: Kühn Caroline 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to present the primary findings of the first of two phases of a research project that looks at how can undergraduates be supported to engage meaningfully with digital literacies in a rich-research context. My hypothesis is that students in the act of (re)-designing and implementing their personal learning environment with available support in a low risk space, will have an authentic learning experience whereby they will deploy digital skills, use knowledge and develop an explorative mind-set hence, improve their digital competences and capability. Twenty undergraduates where invited to a focus group designed with the Visitor and Resident approach to explore and reflect upon their current digital practice. Preliminary findings show scarcity of digital tools in the institutional-resident quadrant. Overall students manifest their reluctance to engage with different web-based tools to mediate learning because they don’t want to risk their grades and also because they perceive the Internet as too open and loose, generating anxiety and uncertainty. They ask for support and guidance. Nevertheless they acknowledged the need to move from the visitor end to the resident one. The next phase will explore how these findings can inform the design principles of a scaffold structure for the re-design of students’ PLE.