bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rosa26-targeted sheep gene knock-in via CRISPR-Cas9 system
Authors: Wu Mingming , Wei Caihong , Lian Zhengxing , Liu Ruizao , Zhu Caiye , Wang Huihua , Cao Jiaxue , Shen Yuelei , Zhao Fuping , Zhang Li , Mu Zhu , Wang Yayu , Wang Xiaogang , Du Lixin , Wang Chuduan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRecent advances in our ability to design DNA binding factors with specificity for desired sequences have resulted in a revolution in genetic engineering, enabling directed changes to the genome to be made relatively easily. Technologies that facilitate specific and precise genome editing, such as knock-in, are critical for determining the functions of genes and for understanding fundamental biological processes. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has recently emerged as a powerful tool for functional genomic studies in mammals. Rosa26 gene can encode a non-essential nuclear RNA in almost all organizations, and become a hot point of exogenous gene insertion. Here, we describe efficient, precise CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Integration using a donor vector with tGFP sequence targeted in the sheep genomic Rosa26 locus. We succeeded in integrating with high efficiency an exogenous tGFP (turboGFP) gene into targeted genes in frame. Due to its simplicity, design flexibility, and high efficiency, we propose that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in will become a standard method for the generation transgenic sheep.
Blood triacylglycerols: a lipidomic window on diet and disease
Authors: Sanders Francis , McNally Ben , Griffin Julian L. 
Published: April 2016

Although the measurement of triacylglycerols (TAGs) by clinical chemistry has been used in the diagnosis of a range of metabolic diseases, such approaches ignore the different species of TAGs that contribute to the total concentration. With the advent of LC and direct infusion forms of MS it is now possible to profile the individual TAGs in blood plasma or tissue extracts. This mini review surveys the information that is obtainable from the lipidomic profiling of TAGs in following metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as the development of insulin resistance and obesity.
Influenza A virus infection and cigarette smoke impair bronchodilator responsiveness to β-adrenoceptor agonists in mouse lung
Authors: Donovan Chantal , Seow Huei Jiunn , Bourke Jane E. , Vlahos Ross 
Published: April 2016

β2-adrenoceptor agonists are the mainstay therapy for patients with asthma but their effectiveness in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is limited. In addition, bronchodilator efficacy of β2-adrenoceptor agonists is decreased during acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), caused by respiratory viruses including influenza A. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the β2-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol (SALB) on small airway reactivity using mouse precision cut lung slices (PCLS) prepared from CS-exposed mice and from CS-exposed mice treated with influenza A virus (Mem71, H3N1). CS exposure alone reduced SALB potency and efficacy associated with decreased β2-adrenoceptor mRNA expression, and increased tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression. This impaired relaxation was restored by day 12 in the absence of further CS exposure. In PCLS prepared after Mem71 infection alone, responses to SALB were transient and were not well maintained. CS exposure prior to Mem71 infection almost completely abolished relaxation, although β2-adrenoceptor and TNFα and IL-1β expression were unaltered. The present study has shown decreased sensitivity to SALB after CS or a combination of CS and Mem71 occurs by different mechanisms. In addition, the PCLS technique and our models of CS and influenza infection provide a novel setting for assessment of alternative bronchodilators.
Is my boson sampler working?
Authors: Bentivegna Marco , Spagnolo Nicolò , Sciarrino Fabio 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Is it possible to assess the correct functioning of a quantum device which eludes efficient computation of the expected results? The BosonSampling protocol is one of the best candidates to experimentally demonstrate the superior computational power of quantum mechanics, but the problem of its results certification requires the development of new methodologies, when the size of the problem becomes too large for a complete classical simulation. A recent work (Walschaers et al 2016 New J. Phys.
18 032001) has provided a significant step forward in this direction, by developing a statistical test to identify particle types in a many-body interference pattern. This tool can be applied in a general scenario to assess and investigate multi-particle coherent dynamics.
Characterizing diversity and variation in fish choruses in Darwin Harbour
Authors: Parsons Miles J. G. , Salgado-Kent Chandra P. , Marley Sarah A. , Gavrilov Alexander N. , McCauley Robert D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe diversity, intensity, and periodicity of fish sounds can provide a wealth of information on spatial and temporal distribution of soniferous fish and, on occasion, which environmental factors these choruses are driven by. Such information can help predict species presence and understand their movement patterns in the long term. At three sites in Darwin Harbour, Australia, sea-noise loggers on the harbour floor recorded ambient noise over a 2-year period. Many fish calls and nine different chorus types were detected over 50 Hz to 3 kHz. Source species were speculated for four of the choruses and source levels, a precursor to passive acoustic abundance estimates, were identified for two of these. Other calls displayed similarities to choruses detected elsewhere in Australia. All choruses displayed diel cycles with semi-lunar patterns present for three of the chorus types. Time of sunset and temperature were also significantly related to the presence of the most predominant chorus and while not statistically significant, height of high tide and salinity also appeared related. A lack of frequency and temporal partitioning in calling across the choruses in hours of darkness (after sunset) illustrates the complexity of monitoring communities of different vocal species. The study has outlined some of the patterns biological sounds exhibit, which has significant implications for sampling strategies when using soundscapes for temporal and spatial predictive modelling.
The evolving and increasing need for climate change research on the oceans
Authors: Barange Manuel , King Jacquelynne , Valdés Luis , Turra Alexander 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The 3rd International Symposium on the Effects of Climate Change on the World's Oceans was held in Santos, Brazil, in March 2015, convened by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC), and organized locally by the Oceanographic Institute, University of Sao Paulo (IO-USP). The symposium was designed to do two things. First, to get updates on new scientific developments that would address recognized uncertainties that remained from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report and to contribute to building bridges between research in the natural and social sciences in respect to the human dimensions of climate change, with a focus on coastal communities, management objectives, governance and adaptation measures. The choice of the venue in Santos, Brazil, was aimed to stimulate and widen this thematic discussion in Latin America and southern Atlantic regions, where there still are important knowledge gaps and scientific, politic and societal challenges to be overcome. The meeting was attended by 280 participants from 38 countries, contributing 336 oral and poster presentations. This paper summarizes the main outcomes of the symposium and introduces a number of papers submitted to this special issue.
Molecular analysis of vertebrates and plants in scats of leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) in southwest China
Authors: Xiong Mengyin , Shao Xinning , Long Ying , Bu Hongliang , Zhang Dan , Wang Dajun , Li Sheng , Wang Rongjiang , Yao Meng 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Understanding the diets of carnivores is essential for resolving food web interactions and the population dynamics of both prey and predators and for designing effective strategies for species and ecosystem conservation. As effective predators, wild felids play important roles in various ecosystems, but relatively little is known about the dietary habits of many species, primarily owing to their elusive behavior. We used a DNA-based method to analyze the vertebrates and plants constituting the diet of leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) in the temperate forests of the mountains of southwest China, a global biodiversity hotspot. DNA extracted from leopard cat scats was amplified with primers targeting either the vertebrate mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene (N = 25 scats) or the psbCL region of the chloroplast genome of vascular plants (N = 42 scats). The polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced and prey taxa were assigned based on sequence similarity. We identified a total of 16 taxa of vertebrate prey, with pikas (in 76% of the scats) and rodents (40%) predominating. Plant material belonging to 12 taxa was found in 76% of the samples, and the genus Solanum and subfamily Rosoideae were the most frequently detected plant taxa. The frequency of occurrence of identified plant taxa differed between the spring–summer and fall–winter months. Thus, the leopard cats in our study area have a diversified diet and are highly flexible in adapting their foraging behavior to the locally available prey. Our data suggest that preserving their natural prey base dominated by pikas and rodents may be vital for the subsistence of local populations. The high species resolution and detection sensitivity of the DNA-based method we used in this study make it a powerful and efficient tool for fine-scale analysis of complex diets.
Montaigne’s Essays
Authors: Desan Philippe 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The creator of the “essay,” Michel de Montaigne serves as a bridge between what we call the early modern and modernity. The Essays resemble a patchwork of personal reflections that tend toward a single goal: to live better in the present and to prepare for death. Montaigne constantly redefines the nature of his task in order to fashion himself anew and, in the end, offers an impressionistic model of descriptions based on momentary experiences. Over the centuries, the reception of Montaigne has been anything but simple. The institutionalization of an author depends on what one might call his or her “ideological and historical trajectory.” An effect of “globalization” has even reached Montaigne in recent years, bringing him sudden, worldwide visibility. His thought has become internationalized, and he is read, studied, and commented in most European countries as well as in North America, Latin America, and Asia.
Montaigne in England and America
Authors: Boutcher Warren 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article begins by summarizing the foundational work of Pierre Villey on the reception of Montaigne in England and America. Villey argued that studies of influence should rest on carefully documented proof of reception. He found that no other French writer had enjoyed such a strong reception in England, and that no other European country had welcomed him with such consistent admiration across the centuries. Villey explained this in terms of a fundamental but variously inflected sympathy between the essayist and the English mentality or character. The rest of the article surveys how research has developed in the one hundred years since Villey’s time and argues that we need both a wider range of data and new ways of analyzing continuity and change over long periods. The article concludes with a comparison of the contexts of John Florio’s Montaigne (1603) and William Hazlitt’s first English edition of Montaigne’s complete Works (1842).
Bibliographic and Research Resources on Montaigne
Authors: Desan Philippe 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The Essays have generated an entire modern library, equal in size to their author’s original library. In this concluding article, bibliographic and research tools are reviewed. These resources will help the reader to further pursue his or her own personal investigations of Montaigne’s Essays in a manner that the author himself would have wished for. To this end, a select bibliography of 120 titles proposes further readings on different topics and themes. Reasoned and analytical bibliographies on Montaigne are also presented with a list of French editions of the Essays and other writings by Montaigne, a list of English translations, and Internet sites dedicated to Montaigne’s works.
Montaigne and the Wars of Religion
Authors: Greengrass Mark 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Using examples of moments in the Essays where Montaigne says that he has “seen” something this article problematizes the relationship between the events of the Wars of Religion, those in Montaigne’s life, and his reflections in the Essays. The questions Montaigne chooses to reflect on, and how he does so, is more important than the abstraction of the references in the text, which can be construed as referring to incidents or phenomena during the period of the wars. The plasticity of his allusions (“civil wars,” “troubles,” etc.) furnishes the context for demonstrating why Montaigne’s view of religion meant that he could not regard the period as, in any simple way, “wars of religion.” His attitudes to attempts to bring about a pacification of the troubles through royal edict are analyzed. The article concludes with a brief examination of Montaigne’s public engagements as mayor of Bordeaux and in the wars of the Catholic League.
Cross-Cultural Differences in Memory
Authors: Gutchess Angela , Huff Sarah 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This chapter reviews the literature on the effects of culture on memory, focusing on the comparison of Easterners and Westerners. The chapter opens with a consideration of the mechanisms through which culture can impact memory and then reviews the cognitive biases and strategies that can shape memory, including memory for objects versus background, memory for perceptual details, source memory, the use of categories in memory, and false memory. Next, the chapter presents evidence for cross-cultural differences in self-relevant, autobiographical, and emotional memory, and it discusses the neuroimaging literature broadly related to differences in self-construals across cultures. Throughout, the chapter adopts a developmental perspective with a focus on older adulthood, and it closes with a consideration of the health relevance of the study of memory across cultures with age.
The Gene–Culture Interaction Framework and Implications for Health
Authors: Sasaki Joni Y. , Leclair Jean , West Alexandria , Kim Heejung S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Based on the framework of gene–environment interactions (G  E), the gene–culture interaction framework demonstrates that a more complete understanding of thoughts and behaviors relevant to health may come from incorporating both genetic and cultural factors. Genes may interact with culture such that genetic predispositions lead to different outcomes depending on culture, and cultural differences on a given outcome may vary depending on genetic predispositions. We provide an overview of G  E research and some of the underlying biological mechanisms of these interactions. We explain the gene–culture interaction framework and discuss how culture is an important form of environment to consider that makes theoretical contributions unique from other forms of environment typically studied in G  E research. We discuss theoretical questions raised by gene–culture interaction research and specify how the gene–culture interaction framework can be applied to certain health issues.
Populism and Political Representation
Authors: Roberts Kenneth M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article examines populism as a mode of political representation from a cross-regional, comparative perspective and considers some explanations as to why it appears to be thriving and, arguably, spreading in many developing countries. It begins by considering the political and economic conceptualizations of populism, particularly in Latin America and with respect to its logic in the cultural, or ideational, dimension of politics. It then discusses the structural and institutional conditions for populism, such as democracy, authoritarianism, and civil society. The article argues that populism is a natural means of appealing to and incorporating mass political constituencies characterized by weak or widely discredited representative institutions, where many citizens are marginalized or alienated from such institutions due to socioeconomic or political exclusion.
Missing Links in the Institutional Chain
Authors: Krishna Anirudh 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article examines how the chain of institutions that links individuals and communities with the state and with markets helps promote economic development and democracy. It argues that strengthening institutional chains with links at the grassroots, or local, level, such as school boards and parent-teacher associations, district offices of congressmen or political parties, or neighborhood councils, would help citizens diminish the power of local oligarchies, make ruling elites more accountable, and do something about indifferent bureaucrats. Citing the case of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh in India, the article illustrates how human capabilities and individual agency can help communities close the existing institutional gaps by effectively utilizing collective resources in the service of democracy and development. It shows that economic development is possible through democratic participation and by connecting social capital with programs of the state and with market-based opportunities.
Telemann’s Musique de table and the Tafelmusik Tradition
Authors: Zohn Steven D. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Georg Philipp Telemann’s Musique de table (1733) has become emblematic of a long and rich Tafelmusik tradition in which music accompanied meals of all types. Yet the collection’s relationship to this tradition has never been adequately explained, nor has the tradition itself attracted much scholarly attention. Drawing on a variety of sources, including published music, visual artworks, treatises on courtly etiquette, festival books, travel diaries, and menus, this article relates the Musique de table to Tafelmusik composed and performed across Europe from the late medieval period through the Enlightenment. Such rich contextualization suggests how Telemann’s music might have functioned in a banquet setting (placement of musicians, intermittent versus continuous performance) and interacted with the highly ritualized aspects of celebratory meals. It also clarifies the music’s status vis-à-vis other published examples of Tafelmusik from the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.
Environmental Justice
Authors: Stretesky Paul B. , Lynch Michael J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article examines the concept of environmental justice and its implications for criminology, criminal justice, and victimology. It first considers two different definitions of environmental justice before turning to a review of criminological studies related to environmental justice. It then summarizes the growing evidence on environmental injustice across disciplines, taking into account some important methodological considerations. It also illustrates how a concern with environmental justice can change the nature of research undertaken by criminologists, focusing on toxins as a cause of crime and the construction of crime. Finally, the article discusses four areas of potential environmental justice scholarship for criminologists, criminal justice, and victimology scholars and stresses the role of criminologists in these areas to help move environmental justice studies forward.
Juvenile Justice in Italy
Authors: Gatti Uberto , Verde Alfredo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article provides an overview of juvenile justice in Italy. It begins by charting the birth and evolution of the Italian juvenile justice system, from the establishment of juvenile courts in 1934 to the expansion of the administrative sector after 1956. It then turns to juvenile justice after the decentralization and reform of the country’s welfare system and the changes produced by the introduction of a new juvenile justice procedure after 1989. It also examines the penal code provisions relating to the arrest and detention of minors, with particular emphasis on judicial pardon, acquittal on the grounds of inability to understand and to form intent, dismissal on the grounds of the insignificance of the offense, suspension of the trial and imposition of a probation order, and custodial sentence. The article concludes with a discussion of some of the trends and patterns of youth crime in Italy.
Whole genome SNP typing to investigate methicillin-resistantStaphylococcusaureus carriage in a health-care provider as the source of multiple surgical site infections
Authors: Roe Chandler C , Horn Kimberly S , Driebe Elizabeth M , Bowers Jolene , Terriquez Joel A , Keim Paul , Engelthaler David M 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrevention of nosocomial transmission of infections is a central responsibility in the healthcare environment, and accurate identification of transmission events presents the first challenge. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole genome sequencing provides a high-resolution approach for accurately relating isolates to one another, allowing precise identification or exclusion of transmission events and sources for nearly all cases. We sequenced 24 methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) genomes to retrospectively investigate a suspected point source of three surgical site infections (SSIs) that occurred over a one-year period. The source of transmission was believed to be a surgical team member colonized with MRSA, involved in all surgeries preceding the SSI cases, who was subsequently decolonized. Genetic relatedness among isolates was determined using whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data.ResultsWhole genome SNP typing (WGST) revealed 283 informative SNPs between the surgical team member’s isolate and the closest SSI isolate. The second isolate was 286 and the third was thousands of SNPs different, indicating the nasal carriage strain from the surgical team member was not the source of the SSIs. Given the mutation rates estimated forS. aureus, none of the SSI isolates share a common ancestor within the past 14 years, further discounting any common point source for these infections. The decolonization procedures and resources spent on the point source infection control could have been prevented if WGST was performed at the time of the suspected transmission, instead of retrospectively.ConclusionsWhole genome sequence analysis is an ideal method to exclude isolates involved in transmission events and nosocomial outbreaks, and coupling this method with epidemiological data can determine if a transmission event occurred. These methods promise to direct infection control resources more appropriately.