bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning relative values in the striatum induces violations of normative decision making
Authors: Klein Tilmann A. , Ullsperger Markus , Jocham Gerhard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo decide optimally between available options, organisms need to learn the values associated with these options. Reinforcement learning models offer a powerful explanation of how these values are learnt from experience. However, human choices often violate normative principles. We suggest that seemingly counterintuitive decisions may arise as a natural consequence of the learning mechanisms deployed by humans. Here, using fMRI and a novel behavioural task, we show that, when suddenly switched to novel choice contexts, participants’ choices are incongruent with values learnt by standard learning algorithms. Instead, behaviour is compatible with the decisions of an agent learning how good an option is relative to an option with which it had previously been paired. Striatal activity exhibits the characteristics of a prediction error used to update such relative option values. Our data suggest that choices can be biased by a tendency to learn option values with reference to the available alternatives.
Differences in Three-Dimensional Geometric Recognition by Non-Cancerous and Cancerous Epithelial Cells on Microgroove-Based Topography
Authors: Kushiro Keiichiro , Yaginuma Tomohiro , Ryo Akihide , Takai Madoka 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDuring metastasis, cancer cells are exposed to various three-dimensional microstructures within the body, but the relationship between cancer migration and three-dimensional geometry remain largely unclear. Here, such geometric effects on cancerous cells were investigated by characterizing the motility of various cancer cell types on microgroove-based topographies made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), with particular emphasis on distinguishing cancerous and non-cancerous epithelial cells, as well as understanding the underlying mechanism behind such differences. The 90-degree walls enhanced motility for all cell lines, but the degrees of enhancements were less pronounced for the cancerous cells. Interestingly, while the non-cancerous epithelial cell types conformed to the three-dimensional geometrical cues and migrated along the walls, the cancerous cell types exhibited a unique behavior of climbing upright walls, and this was associated with the inability to form stable, polarized actin cytoskeleton along the walls of the microgrooves. Furthermore, when non-cancerous epithelial cell lines were altered to different levels of polarization capabilities and cancer malignancy or treated with inhibitory drugs, their three-dimensional geometry-dependent motility approached those of cancerous cell lines. Overall, the results suggest that cancerous cells may gradually lose geometrical recognition with increasing cancer malignancy, allowing them to roam freely ignoring three-dimensional geometrical cues during metastasis.
MERRAclim, a high-resolution global dataset of remotely sensed bioclimatic variables for ecological modelling
Authors: C. Vega Greta , Pertierra Luis R. , Olalla-Tárraga Miguel Ángel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSpecies Distribution Models (SDMs) combine information on the geographic occurrence of species with environmental layers to estimate distributional ranges and have been extensively implemented to answer a wide array of applied ecological questions. Unfortunately, most global datasets available to parameterize SDMs consist of spatially interpolated climate surfaces obtained from ground weather station data and have omitted the Antarctic continent, a landmass covering c. 20% of the Southern Hemisphere and increasingly showing biological effects of global change. Here we introduce MERRAclim, a global set of satellite-based bioclimatic variables including Antarctica for the first time. MERRAclim consists of three datasets of 19 bioclimatic variables that have been built for each of the last three decades (1980s, 1990s and 2000s) using hourly data of 2 m temperature and specific humidity. We provide MERRAclim at three spatial resolutions (10 arc-minutes, 5 arc-minutes and 2.5 arc-minutes). These reanalysed data are comparable to widely used datasets based on ground station interpolations, but allow extending their geographical reach and SDM building in previously uncovered regions of the globe.
Cluster Preface: Asymmetric Brønsted Base Catalysis
Authors: Tan Choon-Hong , List Benjamin 
Published: June 2017

Choon-Hong Tan is a professor at the Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He received his BSc (Hons) First Class from the National University of Singapore (NUS) and his Phd from the University of Cambridge. He underwent postdoctoral training at the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University and the Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School. He began his independent career at the Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore in 2003. Choon Hong has focused on the development of organocatalytic Brønsted base reactions that can be catalyzed with chiral guanidines. He has also demonstrated that pentanidiums (conjugated guanidiniums) are efficient phase-transfer catalysts. Recently, he described the use of chiral organic cations such as bisguanidiniums to modulate and activate anionic metallic salts.
Benjamin List has been a director at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung since 2005. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1997 (Frankfurt). From 1997 until 1998 he conducted postdoctoral research at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla (USA) and became an assistant professor there in January 1999. In 2003 he joined the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung. He has been an honorary professor at the University of Cologne since 2004. Ben List’s research focuses on organic synthesis and catalysis. He has contributed fundamental concepts to chemical synthesis including aminocatalysis, enamine catalysis, and asymmetric-counteranion-directed catalysis (ACDC). His latest work deals with chiral counteranions in asymmetric catalysis. This remarkably general strategy for asymmetric synthesis has recently found widespread use in organocatalysis, transition-metal catalysis, and Lewis acid catalysis.
EKG-Veränderungen bei Sportlern – Was ist wirklich gefährlich?
Authors: Gonska Bernd-Dieter 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDas EKG bei Sportlern zeigt keine wesentlichen Unterschiede zu dem EKG einer gesunden Allgemeinbevölkerung. Jede elektrokardiografische Auffälligkeit bedarf der genauen Überprüfung. Lediglich Modifikationen der Erregungsbildung und Erregungsleitung sind als noch normal anzusehen. In allen anderen Fällen ist es sinnvoll, den Kardiologen oder elektrophysiologisch orientierten Kardiologen aufzusuchen.
Wie gut sind Gesundheits-Apps?
Authors: Kramer Ursula 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungGesundheits-Apps haben in wenigen Jahren weite Teile der Bevölkerung erreicht. Ob sich mit diesen Apps die erwarteten Gesundheitsziele besser erreichen lassen und ob die Gesundheitsinformationen oder Handlungsempfehlungen der Apps unabhängig, korrekt, aktuell und damit vertrauenswürdig sind, lässt sich nicht nur für Verbraucher und Patienten, sondern auch für Ärzte, Therapeuten und Pflegekräfte, d. h. Health Care Professionals (HCP), aufgrund lückenhafter Aufklärung durch die App-Anbieter schwer einschätzen. Von staatlicher Seite ist für fast alle Apps vor Veröffentlichung in den Stores weder in Deutschland noch in den USA eine Qualitätsüberprüfung vorgesehen. Experten aus Politik und Wissenschaft fordern zum Schutz von Verbrauchern verbindliche Kriterien, die eine Qualitätseinschätzung der nicht regulierten Gesundheits-Apps erlauben. Führt man die Qualität einer App primär auf ihren Nutzen und ihre Unbedenklichkeit für den Verbraucher zurück, rücken Aspekte wie Zielgruppenerreichbarkeit und Zielgruppenorientierung einer App als qualitätsbestimmende Faktoren in den Vordergrund. Nur wenige Apps erreichen relevante Nutzergruppen und werden nachhaltig genutzt. Unter dem Aspekt der Patientensicherheit sind große Unterschiede im Nutzungsrisiko einer Gesundheits-App erkennbar. In diesem Kontext wird die 4-stufige Risikoklassifizierung vorgestellt, die auf der Grundlage der Analyse von über 6000 Gesundheits-Apps empirisch entwickelt wurde. Außerdem wird am Beispiel der Qualitäts- und Transparenzkriterien des HealthOn-Ehrenkodex gezeigt, wie sich Gesundheits-Apps einschätzen lassen im Hinblick auf folgende Aspekte: Individuelles Nutzungsrisiko für ihren Anwender, Sachverständigkeit des Unterstützungsansatzes, Unabhängigkeit der gesundheitsbezogenen Inhalte, Schutz der mit der App erfassten persönlichen Nutzungs- und Gesundheitsdaten, Möglichkeit des Nutzers im Haftungsfall Verbraucherrechte durchsetzen zu können.
ESC-Leitlinie 2016 zum Management von Vorhofflimmern
Authors: Deneke Thomas , Nentwich Karin , Sonne Kai , Fochler Franziska , Ene Elena , Halbfass Philipp 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDie neue ESC-Leitlinie zum Management von Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern (VHF) aus 2016 gibt einen Überblick über die aktuelle Datenlage zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Patienten mit VHF. Viele Empfehlungen der Leitlinie beruhen auf Expertenmeinung, und eine Anpassung durch zukünftige Studienergebnisse ist wünschenswert. Insbesondere wird ein multidisziplinärer, kooperativer Ansatz der Prävention, Diagnostik und Therapie von Vorhofflimmern in den Vordergrund gestellt. Ziel ist es, Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern in unterschiedlichen Settings optimal zu behandeln, wobei Lebensqualität und Prognose im Vordergrund stehen. Die Behandlung VHF-begünstigender Faktoren oder Komorbiditäten spielt eine entscheidende Rolle in der Prävention und Therapie von Patienten mit VHF. Neben diesen Empfehlungen zur Prävention und frühzeitigen Erkennung von Vorhofflimmern ist ein großer Teil der Leitlinie auf eine adäquate Schlaganfallprophylaxe und Risikostratifizierung ausgerichtet. Weiterhin wird der klinische CHA2DS2-VASc-Score zur Risikoprädiktion und adäquaten Indikation einer oralen Antikoagulation empfohlen. Insgesamt sind die Empfehlungen bei der Antikoagulation auf ein Vermeiden einer Unter- bzw. Überdosierung von Vitamin-K-Antagonisten zugunsten der neuen direkten Thrombininhibitoren verschoben. Die interventionelle Therapie von Vorhofflimmern wird für symptomatische, medikamentös therapierefraktäre Patienten, aber auch als „First-Line“-Therapie bei Wunsch des Patienten empfohlen. Die Einbindung des Patienten in die Prophylaxe und Entscheidungsfindung zur Therapie wird empfohlen und stellt einen zentralen Kernpunkt der Leitlinienempfehlungen dar, wobei kontrollierte Studien zum Nutzen der Einbindung interdisziplinärer Gremien bisher nicht existieren.
Natural philanthropy: a new evolutionary framework explaining diverse experimental results and informing fundraising practice
Authors: James Russell 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPhilanthropic decision-making is important both for its potential to provide insight into human behaviour and for its economic significance. In recent years, investigations of charitable-giving behaviour have expanded substantially, including explorations from a variety of disciplinary perspectives such as economics, marketing, sociology, public administration, anthropology, evolutionary biology, political science and psychology. These investigations have resulted in a wealth of experimental results with each investigation accompanied by a discussion of potential theoretical implications. Most commonly, the various theories employed are helpful with regard to the narrow result of the investigation, but are not always useful in explaining the wider universe of results. Taking a comprehensive view of charitable-giving behaviour is thus limited to either employing a wide assortment of overlapping theoretical models, selectively applying each to fit individual phenomena, or merely referencing an ad hoc assortment of potential motivations. This circumstance suggests the value of a more unified, comprehensive approach to understanding the complete range of experimental and empirical results in charitable giving. This article proposes a comprehensive framework for philanthropic decision-making using a simple evolutionary approach incorporating interrelated fitness-enhancing strategies. The framework is then used in an extensive review of experimental and other empirical results in philanthropic decision-making. This review supports the framework proposition that giving depends on the tangibility of a gift’s impact on altruism (direct or code), reciprocity (transactional or friendship) and possessions relative to its alternatives. Five example principles of fundraising practice demonstrate the practical applicability of this proposition: advance the donor hero story (tangibility of direct or code altruism); make the charity like family (friendship reciprocity); provide compatible publicity and benefits (transactional reciprocity); minimize perceived loss (possessions); and manage decision avoidance (relative to its alternatives). Understanding philanthropic behaviour from this perspective provides explanation and guidance for a wide range of charitable-giving behaviours and fundraising practices even in areas less amenable to traditional experimental investigation, such as charitable bequests and major gifts.
A reputation economy: how individual reward considerations trump systemic arguments for open access to data
Authors: Fecher Benedikt , Friesike Sascha , Hebing Marcel , Linek Stephanie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOpen access to research data has been described as a driver of innovation and a potential cure for the reproducibility crisis in many academic fields. Against this backdrop, policy makers are increasingly advocating for making research data and supporting material openly available online. Despite its potential to further scientific progress, widespread data sharing in small science is still an ideal practised in moderation. In this article, we explore the question of what drives open access to research data using a survey among 1564 mainly German researchers across all disciplines. We show that, regardless of their disciplinary background, researchers recognize the benefits of open access to research data for both their own research and scientific progress as a whole. Nonetheless, most researchers share their data only selectively. We show that individual reward considerations conflict with widespread data sharing. Based on our results, we present policy implications that are in line with both individual reward considerations and scientific progress.
“Imagine a boy who is adopted by a pair of lesbians (poor little sod)…”
Authors: Sokalska-Bennett Aleksandra 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The traditional family has always been the preserve of heterosexual couples based on and reinforced by a series of (hetero)normative behaviours. The context of same-gender adoption allows for a reworking of the construct of the modern family and the negotiation of parenting identities moving beyond the traditional system based on gender binarism (Wagner 2014). However, despite legal equality in the areas of adoption and marriage, LGBT people continue to face moral judgement about whether they are suitable parents. Using the insights and methods of membership categorisation analysis (Sacks 1992, Stokoe 2003a, 2003b, 2012), this paper unpacks the ways in which the more conservative parts of the UK’s society construct same-gender parenting as a transgression of the established norms while relying on heteronormative assumptions about categories within the membership categorisation device ‘family’ (Sacks 1992). The paper shows that the gendered meaning ‘locked into place’ (Baker 2000) in those categories is a source of prejudice and a tool to maintain the established heteronormative order.
“Building a thick skin for each other”
Authors: McKinnon Sean 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlthough queer linguistics has long acknowledged the playful use of potentially impolite utterances by LGBT people to build in-group solidarity these practices have not been analyzed from a sociopragmatic approach, nor have they been mentioned in the general pragmatics literature. Responding to these two gaps, the present study examines the functional use of the interactional practice ‘reading’ in the backstage talk of four drag queen performers. By employing a mock impoliteness analytical framework (Haugh & Bousfield 2012) this study shows how these utterances, which could potentially be evaluated as genuine impoliteness outside of the appropriate context, are positively evaluated by in-group members who recognize the importance of “building a thick skin” to face a hostile environment from LGBT and non-LGBT people. This study also seeks to draw attention to the use of backstage talk, and supplemental interview data, to uncover drag queen cultural practices through language use.
Style shifting and the phonetic performance of gay vs. straight
Authors: Russell Eric Louis 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article examines the phonetic characteristics of speech performed in straight and gay styles by French males. Analysis considers features shown in other languages or in antecedent literature to be associated with perceptions of sexual identity: segmental quality (vowels, /s/, liquids), suprasegmental features (pitch, duration), and a number of language-specific variables. Results suggest that straight performances are characterized by decreased segmental duration and gay performances by differential use of vowel space, especially F2, nasal vowel duration, and fundamental frequency. A closing section provides comparison of these results to previous study and to other languages, while also addressing epistemological concerns raised by questions of identity, performance, and linguistic form.
Bilingual/bisexual
Authors: Wright Lyn 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecent work in language and sexuality has emphasized globalization and multilingualism as important areas of investigation (Bucholtz & Hall 2006,Leap & Boellstorff 2003,Murray 2014). Concomitantly, other scholars have employed the construct of sexual fluidity as a metaphor for linguistic fluidity (Otsuji & Pennycook 2010,Pennycook & Otsuji 2015). Few studies, however, have examined how sexual and linguistic fluidity intersect in individual experience. This paper examines metalinguistic discourse in three fictional novels involving bisexual, bilingual characters in order to understand how talk about language informs representations of sexualities. In these texts bilingualism functions in constructing access to queer communities, authenticity, belonging, and emotional control for bisexual characters. Further, sexual and linguistic fluidity are portrayed as lifespan processes embedded in specific time periods. Such understandings point to a need for historical approaches to fluidity that capture longer timescales and multiple dimensions of linguistic and sexual desire, practice, and identity.
IADA history
Authors: Weigand Edda 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIADA History not only refers to the series of conferences and workshops which have been organized since the foundation of the Association but also to the discussions about a unified concept of dialogue which accompanied IADA’s activities during the last three decades. On the one hand, there is the basic question of what constitutes dialogue, while on the other hand there are multiple approaches which claim to be acknowledged as dialogic approaches. If we do not want to accept the plurality of models in the sense of ‘anything goes’ we need to address the difficult issue of how far individual models can contribute to an investigation of dialogue as a complex whole.
Spanish influence in two Tepehua languages
Authors: Watters James K. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The kinds of change brought about by Spanish influence on two Tepehua (Totonacan) languages are of three types: structure-preserving change, including borrowing of all word classes; structure-changing processes in the phonology; and the structure-preferring influence of Spanish in progressive and applicative constructions. Nonfinite verb forms and other borrowed lexical items fit within existing structures. Changes in the phonology include loss of phonemic contrast as well as change from a three-vowel to a five-vowel system. Contact has also given some preference to the periphrastic form of the progressive, and prepositional phrases over applicatives. The features characterizing Spanish influence vary widely across the generations, reflecting growing bilingualism and interference from code switching.
Some grammatical characteristics of the Spanish spoken by Lacandón and Mazahua bilinguals
Authors: Cerda Sergio Ibáñez , Corripio Israel Martínez , Mora-Bustos Armando 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The native languages that are spoken in Mesoamerica have been in intense and continuous contact with Spanish for over 500 years. Those languages have been affected reciprocally in some of their structural characteristics resulting in what are called transfers (Silva-Corvalán 2001). In this paper we undertake the task of studying varieties of Spanish in contact that have not been studied so far; specifically, Spanish-Lacandón and Spanish-Mazahua. The main goal is to identify grammatical features that are not present in the standard monolingual varieties and that can be said to be transfers from the substrate languages. In particular, we discuss transfers that are also shared with other bilingual varieties such as Spanish-Nahuatl and Spanish-Otomí: (a) the absence of number agreement inside the noun phrase (NP), (b) the absence of articles in NPs and (c) the omission of the direct object differential marker a. We argue that these characteristics have their source in typological features shared by the substrate languages and that they are likely to be of an areal type. We also address the case of one grammatical transfer particular to the Spanish-Lacandón variety: the juxtaposition of two determiners inside the noun phrase. It is what we call a “local” transfer.
The impact of language contact in Nahuatl couplets
Authors: de Oca Vega Mercedes Montes 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In the pre-Hispanic period, couplets were widely used in ritual or ceremonial contexts, and they prevailed in the contact period through their use in evangelical texts to convey a more indigenous character to evangelization materials. Nahuatl couplets were recreated to achieve a better reception for Catholic dogma; this textual strategy was a way to introduce new meanings into the belief system of native peoples in New Spain. As is well known, the contact between Spanish and Nahuatl led to a process of intensive borrowing. The aim of this paper is to show how this particular situation of language contact influenced the couplets employed in doctrines, sermons, confession manuals, catechisms, hymns, grammars, dictionaries and other evangelization texts. The analysis will deal with couplets that were created from borrowed lexemes from Spanish and native lexemes in Nahuatl.
Nahuatl L2 texts from Northern Nueva Galicia
Authors: Rosales Rosa H. Yáñez 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This chapter examines texts written in Nahuatl by indigenous scribes whose first language was not Nahuatl. The texts come from locations in two different regions in Nueva Galicia, which was the political unit located in west and northwest New Spain: Los Altos must have had Guachichil inhabitants (one of the Chichimec groups), whereas the Sierra Madre Occidental must have had Cora (Uto-Aztecan) inhabitants. The interferences in the documents are phonological as well as morphological and differ in each group of documents.The objective of this chapter is to provide information about linguistic contact between native Mesoamerican languages since contact among them has been only scarcely documented, and to provide information about the uses of Nahuatl as a second language throughout a region whose linguistic past is still being reconstructed.