bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of clonal expansions through the normal and premalignant human breast epithelium reveals the presence of luminal stem cells
Authors: Cereser Biancastella , Jansen Marnix , Austin Emily , Elia George , McFarlane Taneisha , van Deurzen Carolien HM , Sieuwerts Anieta M , Daidone Maria G , Tadrous Paul J , Wright Nicholas A , Jones Louise , McDonald Stuart AC 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIt is widely accepted that the cell of origin of breast cancer is the adult mammary epithelial stem cell; however, demonstrating the presence and location of tissue stem cells in the human breast has proved difficult. Furthermore, we do not know the clonal architecture of the normal and premalignant mammary epithelium or its cellular hierarchy. Here, we use deficiency in the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), typically caused by somatic mutations in the mitochondrial genome, as a means to perform lineage tracing in the human mammary epithelium. PCR sequencing of laser‐capture microdissected cells in combination with immunohistochemistry for markers of lineage differentiation was performed to determine the clonal nature of the mammary epithelium. We have shown that in the normal human breast, clonal expansions (defined here by areas of CCO deficiency) are typically uncommon and of limited size, but can occur at any site within the adult mammary epithelium. The presence of a stem cell population was shown by demonstrating multi‐lineage differentiation within CCO‐deficient areas. Interestingly, we observed infrequent CCO deficiency that was restricted to luminal cells, suggesting that niche succession, and by inference stem cell location, is located within the luminal layer. CCO‐deficient areas appeared large within areas of ductal carcinoma in situ, suggesting that the rate of clonal expansion was altered in the premalignant lesion. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Thickness dependence of ac electrical conductivity and dielectric behavior of plasma polymerized 1, 1, 3, 3–tetramethoxypropane thin films
Authors: Afroze Tamanna , Bhuiyan A.H. 
Published: September 2017

AC electrical conductivity (σac), dielectric constant (ɛ′), and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) of plasma polymerized 1, 1, 3, 3‐tetramethoxy‐propane (PPTMP) thin films of thicknesses 100, 150, and 200 nm prepared by plasma polymerization technique using a capacitively coupled glow discharge reactor have been investigated in the frequency range of 30–106 Hz. It is observed that σac increases as frequency increases with a higher slope in the medium frequency (<105Hz) region in the PPTMP thin films of three thicknesses. These observations suggest that the conduction may be dominated by hopping of carriers between the localized states. The general trend of ɛ′ is to increase with increasing thickness, ɛ′ remains independent of frequency upto about 104Hz and then falls rapidly. The dependence of tanδ with frequency for PPTMP thin films of different thicknesses showed small relaxation peak at the very low frequencies (<102Hz) and then it decreases slightly with a broad minimum at 103 Hz and again increases. Cole–Cole plot reveals that Debye type of mechanism is operative in the experimental frequency range. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1342–1345, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Noninvasive airway approaches for acute neuromuscular respiratory failure in emergency departments
Authors: Chen Tai‐Heng , Hsu Jong‐Hau , Jong Yuh‐Jyh 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEmerging evidence advocates for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) combined with mechanical in‐exsufflation (MIE) as a first‐line approach for acute respiratory failure (ARF) in patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMD). To date, most NIV studies of ARF in NMD patients have been performed in intensive care units or in hospital settings. However, the utility of using combined NIV/MIE in the emergency department (ED) settings is unclear. We report on the implementation of NIV/MIE in two children with type II spinal muscular atrophy who presented to the ED with ARF. This is the first report on the feasibility and efficacy of combining NIV/MIE in ED settings for pediatric NMD patients with ARF.
Respiratory outcomes after initial hospital discharge in children with ventricular shunts and bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: McGrath‐Morrow Sharon A. , Ahn Edward S. , Collaco Joseph M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionChildren born premature who require ventricular shunt placement for post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus are at increased risk for neurodevelopmental delay. We hypothesized that preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) who require ventricular shunt (VS) placement are at additive risk for long‐term respiratory morbidities due to their higher likelihood of neurodevelopmental delay. We also hypothesized that children with BPD and ventricular shunts would require frequent shunt revisions during early childhood following initial shunt placement.MethodsAll subjects were recruited from the Johns Hopkins Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Clinic between January 2008 and November 2016. A review of demographic and clinical information was undertaken and a respiratory outcomes questionnaire was completed by the primary caregiver.ResultsFifty‐five (8.9%) of 623 subjects in the study population had ventricular shunts, with a mean 4.6 ± 2.3 years of follow‐up data (range: 0.5‐10.1). Subjects with VS were more likely to be born at earlier gestational ages and be discharged on supplemental oxygen compared to BPD subjects alone. Outpatient respiratory symptoms and acute care usage were similar between the two groups. BPD subjects with VS were more likely to have had gastric tubes placed. A total of 270 neurosurgical procedures were performed in subjects with VS with a mean of 4.9 ± 5.4 procedures/subject.ConclusionChildren with ventricular shunts and BPD had similar outpatient respiratory outcomes compared to children with BPD alone; however respiratory morbidities may have been mitigated by the greater use of gastric tubes in the VS + BPD group. Multiple neurosurgical procedures were common in children with ventricular shunts.
Second‐order elastic constants of hexagonal hydroxylapatite (P63) fromab initioquantum mechanics: Comparison between DFT functionals and basis sets
Authors: Ulian Gianfranco , Valdrè Giovanni 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThree very popular Hamiltonians in the density functional theory framework, PBE, PBEsol, and B3LYP, and different basis sets (Gaussian‐type orbitals and plane waves) were employed to simulate the hydroxylapatite unit cell and its second‐order elastic constants. Dispersive interactions were included in the quantum‐mechanical treatment via the DFT‐D2 and Tkatchenko‐Scheffler schemes. The calculated bulk, shear, and Young's moduli were in the range of 82‐117 GPa, 42‐51 GPa, and 107‐134 GPa, respectively. The axial moduli,KaandKb, were instead in the range of 277‐322 GPa and 506‐509 GPa. The theoretical data, especially those from plan waves simulations, are in good agreement with available results in literature and further extend the knowledge of the mechanical and vibrational properties of hydroxylapatite.
The effect of rivers, streams, and canals on property values
Authors: Nicholls S. , Crompton J. L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRivers, streams, and canals support a variety of critical agricultural, industrial, transportation, ecological, and household uses. They also provide important aesthetic, recreational, and sociocultural benefits. This review paper synthesizes the evidence to date regarding the value of these linear water features as aesthetic and recreational resources to adjacent and nearby residents. Specifically, it summarizes 25 studies that have used the hedonic pricing method to calculate the effects of views of and proximity to rivers, streams, and canals on surrounding residential property values. The majority of studies indicated that significant positive property price effects are associated with river, stream, and canal view and proximity, though these effects appear less definitive in rural than urban settings. Implications of the body of evidence for planning, management, and development are discussed, and potential effects of climate change and diversion policies are highlighted. Improvements in measurement facilitated by advanced geographic information systems and rigorous spatially explicit regression techniques are noted.
A Facile and Versatile Electrochemical Tuning of Graphene for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic, Neutral and Alkali media
Authors: Manju Venkatesan , Rao Vusa Chiranjeevi Srinivasa , Arumugam Palaniappan , Berchmans Sheela 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe need for the development of metal‐free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has become a necessity to circumvent the prohibitive cost of Pt and the shortcomings of Pt‐based catalysts. Herein, for the first time, graphene surface was tuned by a simple, room temperature, and easily adaptable electrochemical approach using ammonium carbamate as a nitrogen precursor. This method efficiently tuned the graphene surface by incorporating nitrogen and nitrogen functionalities with an unprecedented content of nitrogen (22.48%). The surface tuned graphene (N−Gr) acts as an efficient metal‐free electrocatalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction in a wide pH range, i. e. from neutral (pH 7) to alkaline (pH 14). Also, the N−Gr exhibits a similar Tafel slope (76 mV/dec) to that of Pt/C (64 mV/dec) in 0.1 M KOH. Long term stability and better tolerance to fuel are the other advantages of the N−Gr. The observed ORR activity of the N−Gr might be due to the higher content of nitrogen which provides higher active sites to promote electron transfer in ORR. All these confirm that the surface tuned graphene can be a suitable electrocatalyst for fuel cell applications and the electrochemical approach may pave a way to develop a set of novel and efficient electrocatalysts using the other graphitic nanocarbons.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Reaction of Amines with Methyl Propiolate
Authors: Kour Manjinder , Gupta Raakhi , Bansal Raj K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMichael addition of secondary amines, R1R2NH to methyl propiolate occurs with complete stereoselectivity to give trans‐methyl β‐aminoacrylate in 71–91% yields. The reaction with benzylamine, however, leads to the formation of a mixture of the corresponding trans‐ and cis‐isomers in 26:74% respectively as indicated by 1H NMR. A theoretical investigation of the model reactions at the DFT level reveals that the reaction occurs in two steps, the first step leading to the formation of a zwitterionic intermediate being rate determining. Furthermore, formation of an initial reactant‐complex of methyl propiolate with a molecule of amine followed by the nucleophilic attack of the amine is a lower energy path than the one followed by direct reaction between the two reactants. The low activation enthalpies, ▵H# (ca. 12–20 kcal mol−1) in the gas phase are further lowered (ca. 7–15 kcal mol−1) in methylene chloride. The initially formed zwitterionic intermediate undergoes 1,3‐prototropic shift through a bridge established by a molecule of amine between the donor (+NH) and the acceptor (−C2) sites. In the reaction with benzylamine, theoretical calculations indicate the cis‐isomer to be thermodynamically more stable than the trans‐isomer by 0.5 kcal mol−1 which corresponds to 70% of the former. Furthermore, existence of the “enamine‐imine‐enamine” phenomenon is established theoretically, which facilitates trans‐cis isomerization.
H2O2 and HO− Solvation Dynamics: Solute Capabilities and Solute‐Solvent Molecular Interactions
Authors: Chen Jiasheng S. , Yao Chuang , Liu Xinjuan J. , Zhang Xi , Sun Chang Q. , Huang Yongli L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe show spectrometrically that H2O2 and HO− solvation resolves the H−O stretching vibration from the mode of the ordinary water centered at ∼3200 cm−1 to its below by O:⇔:O compression. An excessive mode due H2O2 solute appears at ∼ 3550 cm−1 and due HO− at ∼3610 cm−1, which features the effect of molecular solute bond‐order deficiency. The O:⇔:O compression has the same effect to applied pressure that elongates the solvent H−O bond and shortens the O:H nonbond. The H2O2 is less than the HO− capable of raising the surface stress and transforming the fraction of the H−O bonds because of the involvement of solute‐solute interactions.
An Expeditious Approach to α,α‐Dihalo‐α′‐acetoxyketones from Propargylic Acetates
Authors: Sadhukhan Santu , Baire Beeraiah 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA Regioselective and efficient synthesis of α,α‐diiodo‐α′‐acetoxyketones as well as α,α‐dibromo‐α′ ‐acetoxyketones has been achieved from the propargylic acetates and N‐iodo(bromo)succinimides in the absence of any added promoters. This transformation is very general and shown compatibility for all structural types of propargylic acetates with terminal alkyne unit, such as tertiary‐ (aryl‐aryl; aryl‐alkyl; alkyl‐alkyl), secondary‐ (aryl; alkyl), primary‐; and hence provided access to structurally divergent and highly important halogenated building blocks.
AgI Nanoparticles Evenly Dispersed on 2D Porous Bi5O7I Sheets: Simple Synthesis and Excellent Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Ma Jinying , Shi Lei , Yao Lizhu , Wang Zhimeng , Lu Caiyun , Qi Wei , Su Dangsheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA series of Bi5O7I/AgI composites were successfully prepared by the co‐precipitation method. Their feature and chemical structure were well characterized. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light. Experimental results indicated that the sizes of AgI exhibited obviously decrease through dispersing on the surface of Bi5O7I, and the as‐prepared Bi5O7I/AgI composites revealed better photocatalytic activities for the degradation of RhB than separate Bi5O7I and AgI. When the mass rate of Bi5O7I in Bi5O7I/AgI composites was 40%, the as‐prepared Bi5O7I/AgI (40 wt%) composites exhibited the optimum photocatalytic activity for degrading RhB, which was approximately 13 and 2.7 times higher than pure Bi5O7I and AgI, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic performance could be attributed to complementary potentials of conduction band and valence band of Bi5O7I and AgI, which promoted the separation of the photogenerated electrons and holes. Finally, the possible mechanism for the photodegradation reaction over Bi5O7I/AgI composites was proposed.
Mediatorless, Reversible Optical Nanosensor Enabled through Enzymatic Pocket Doping
Authors: Zubkovs Vitalijs , Schuergers Nils , Lambert Benjamin , Ahunbay Esra , Boghossian Ardemis A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit intrinsic near‐infrared fluorescence that benefits from indefinite photostability and tissue transparency, offering a promising basis for in vivo biosensing. Existing SWCNT optical sensors that rely on charge transfer for signal transduction often require exogenous mediators that compromise the stability and biocompatibility of the sensors. This study presents a reversible, mediatorless, near‐infrared glucose sensor based on glucose oxidase‐wrapped SWCNTs (GOx‐SWCNTs). GOx‐SWCNTs undergo a selective fluorescence increase in the presence of aldohexoses, with the strongest response toward glucose. When incorporated into a custom‐built membrane device, the sensor demonstrates a monotonic increase in initial response rates with increasing glucose concentrations between 3 × 10−3 and 30 × 10−3m and an apparent Michaelis–Menten constant of KM(app) ≈ 13.9 × 10−3m. A combination of fluorescence, absorption, and Raman spectroscopy measurements suggests a fluorescence enhancement mechanism based on localized enzymatic doping of SWCNT defect sites that does not rely on added mediators. Removal of glucose reverses the doping effects, resulting in full recovery of the fluorescence intensity. The cyclic addition and removal of glucose is shown to successively enhance and recover fluorescence, demonstrating reversibility that serves as a prerequisite for continuous glucose monitoring.
Conformal Coating of Co/N‐Doped Carbon Layers into Mesoporous Silica for Highly Efficient Catalytic Dehydrogenation–Hydrogenation Tandem Reactions
Authors: Zhang Zhujun , Wei Xiangru , Yao Yan , Chen Zhi , Zhang Aijian , Li Wei , Wu Winston Duo , Wu Zhangxiong , Chen Xiao Dong , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo maximize the utilizing efficiency of cobalt (Co) and optimize its catalytic activity and stability, engineering of size and interfacial chemical properties, as well as controllable support are of ultimate importance. Here, the concept of coating uniform thin Co/N‐doped carbon layers into the mesopore surfaces of mesoporous silica is proposed for heterogeneous aqueous catalysis. To approach the target, a one‐step solvent‐free melting‐assisted coating process, i.e., heating a mixture of a cobalt salt, an amino acid (AA), and a mesoporous silica, is developed for the synthesis of mesoporous composites with thin Co/N‐doped carbon layers uniformly coated within mesoporous silica, high surface areas (250–630 m2 g−1), ordered mesopores (7.0–8.4 nm), and high water dispersibility. The strong silica/AA adhesive interactions and AA cohesive interactions direct the uniform coating process. The metal/N coordinating, carbon anchoring, and mesopore confining lead to the formation of tiny Co nanoclusters. The carbon intercalation and N coordination optimize the interfacial properties of Co for catalysis. The optimized catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance for tandem hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and dehydrogenation of NaBH4 with well‐matched reaction kinetics, 100% conversion and selectivity, high turnover frequencies, up to ≈6.06 molnitrobenzene molCo−1 min−1, the highest over transition‐metal catalysts, and excellent stability and magnetic separability.
Atomically Thin Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides for Electrocatalysis and Energy Storage
Authors: Duan Xiaochuan , Xu Jiantie , Wei Zengxi , Ma Jianmin , Guo Shaojun , Liu Huakun , Dou Shixue 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSince the discovery of graphene in 2004, research on 2D materials has grown rapidly. Compared to their bulk counterparts, 2D atomically thin, layered transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs or MX2) nanosheets exhibit excellent electronic and optical properties, outstanding mechanical flexibility, and exceptional catalytic performance. As a representative of 2D materials, MX2 holds great promise in many potential applications, especially in energy‐related applications. Here, a brief overview of atomically thin layered MX2 nanosheets applied in energy storage and conversion systems is presented. Firstly, the crystal structures and phases, morphologies, and synthesis methods of MX2 are discussed. Sequentially, the achieved progress on atomically thin MX2 in energy‐related applications (i.e., the hydrogen‐evolution reaction, oxygen‐evolution reaction, CO2 electrochemical reduction, electrochemical capacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, and lithium–sulfur batteries) is systematically discussed. Finally, the conclusions and some prospects regarding atomically thin MX2 for applications in the field of energy‐storage systems are provided.
Hyperuricemia is Associated with Increased Apo AI Fractional Catabolic Rates and Dysfunctional HDL in New Zealand Rabbits
Authors: Martínez‐Ramírez Miriam , Flores‐Castillo Cristóbal , Sánchez‐Lozada L. Gabriela , Bautista‐Pérez Rocío , Carreón‐Torres Elizabeth , Fragoso José Manuel , Rodriguez‐Pérez José Manuel , García‐Arroyo Fernando E. , López‐Olmos Victoria , Luna‐Luna María , Vargas‐Alarcón Gilberto , Franco Martha , Pérez‐Méndez Oscar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe potential cause–effect relationship between uric acid plasma concentrations and HDL functionality remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of oxonic acid (OA)‐induced hyperuricemia on the HDL size distribution, lipid content of HDL subclasses, and apo AI turnover, as well as HDL functionality in New Zealand white rabbits. Experimental animals received OA 750 mg/kg/day by oral gavage during 21 days. The HDL‐apo AI fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was determined by exogenous labeling with 125I, and HDL subclasses were determined by sequential ultracentrifugation and PAGE. Paraoxonase‐1 activity (PON‐1) and the effect of HDL on relaxation of aorta rings in vitro were determined as an indication of HDL functionality. Oxonic acid induced a sixfold increase of uricemia (0.84 ± 0.06 vs. 5.24 ± 0.12 mg/dL, P < 0.001), and significant decreases of triglycerides and phospholipids of HDL subclasses, whereas HDL size distribution and HDL‐cholesterol remained unchanged. In addition, HDL‐apo AI FCR was significantly higher in hyperuricemic rabbits than in the control group (0.03697 ± 0.0038 vs. 0.02605 ± 0.0017 h−1 respectively, P < 0.05). Such structural and metabolic changes were associated with lower levels of PON‐1 activities and deleterious effects of HDL particles on endothelium‐mediated vasodilation. In conclusion, hyperuricemia is associated with structural and metabolic modifications of HDL that result in impaired functionality of these lipoproteins. Our data strongly suggest that uric acid per se exerts deleterious effects on HDL that contribute to increase the risk of atherosclerosis.
Oxidative Stability and Volatile Formations in Linoleic Acid‐D2O Models in the Presence of Deuteron or Electron Donors
Authors: Oh Sumi , Lee Chankyu , Kim SungHwa , Choi HyungSeok , Kim Mi‐Ja , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEffects of deuteron (D+) and electron donors on the oxidative stability in linoleic acid–water model systems were evaluated by analyzing headspace oxygen content and headspace volatiles. Acetic acid‐d and tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) were selected as a deuteron and an electron donor, respectively. Samples containing acetic acid‐d had significantly lower headspace oxygen content than controls while those containing TDAE had significantly higher headspace oxygen content (p < 0.05). Combination of acetic acid‐d and TDAE accelerated the consumption of headspace oxygen. Volatiles including t‐2‐heptenal, 2‐octenal, or 2,4‐octadienal had higher mass to charge ratio (m/z) of (molecular weight +1)/molecular weight in samples with deuterium oxide than in samples with deuterium free water. However, no significant difference was observed in the m/z ratio of (molecular weight +1)/molecular weight of those volatiles among samples with or without deuteron or electron donors. Also, lipid hydroperoxides with deuterium, were not found in samples containing deuterium oxide and acetic acid‐d. Therefore, added acetic acid‐d may not be involved on the formation of lipid hydroperoxides and volatiles directly.
Obesity trajectories and risk of dementia: 28 years of follow‐up in the Whitehall II Study
Authors: Singh‐Manoux Archana , Dugravot Aline , Shipley Martin , Brunner Eric J. , Elbaz Alexis , Sabia Séverine , Kivimaki Mika 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionWe examined whether obesity at ages 50, 60, and 70 years is associated with subsequent dementia. Changes in body mass index (BMI) for more than 28 years before dementia diagnosis were compared with changes in BMI in those free of dementia.MethodsA total of 10,308 adults (33% women) aged 35 to 55 years in 1985 were followed up until 2015. BMI was assessed six times and 329 cases of dementia were recorded.ResultsObesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) at age 50 years (hazard ratio = 1.93; 1.35–2.75) but not at 60 or 70 years was associated with risk of dementia. Trajectories of BMI differed in those with dementia compared with all others (P < .0001) or to matched control subjects (P < .0001) such that BMI in dementia cases was higher from 28 years (P = .001) to 16 years (P = .05) and lower starting 8 years before diagnosis.DiscussionObesity in midlife and weight loss in the preclinical phase characterizes dementia; the current obesity epidemic may affect future dementia rates.