bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. ALPHA‐SUBSTITUIERTER CARBONSAEUREN
Authors: ‐ ‐ 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch′ Behandlung von Carbonsäuren (I) mit Lithjum‐diisopropylamid (II) werden die Dianionen (III) erhalten, die durch Eintragen in mit Sauerstoff gesättigten Äther bei ‐80°C zu den 2‐Hydroperoxycarbonsäuren (IV), bei Raumtemperatur dagegen zu den 2‐Hydroxycarbonsäuren (V) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORALKYLDERIVATE DES SELENS
Authors: KOPAEVICH YU. L. , BELEN'KII G. G. , MYSOV E. I. , GERMAN L. S. , KNUNYANTS I. L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPerfluorpropylen (I) reagiert mit Selen in flüssigem Schwefeldioxid in Gegenwart von Antimonpentafluorid bei 100 ‐ 120°C unter Druck zu einem Gemisch der Selenide (II)‐(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: CYANWASSERSTOFF‐CHEMIE 2. MITT. RK. VON DIIMINOSUCCINONITRIL MIT OLEFINEN
Authors: FUKUNAGA T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas Dinitril (I) reagiert mit den Styrolen (IIa) in Acetonitril zu den Maleonitrilen (IIIa) (5 l ‐79% Ausbeute), dagegen geben die Olefine (IIb) die Pyrazine (IVb) (60 und 81%).
ChemInform Abstract: DER RK.‐MECHANISMUS AROMATISCHER HETEROCYCLISCHER VERBINDUNGEN 40. MITT. DIE RK. VON NITROCHINOLIN MIT NATRIUMHYPOBROMITLOESUNG 1. MITT. 3‐NITROCHINOLIN
Authors: OKAMOTO T. , NAGAKURA M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWäßrige Natriumhypobromitlösung reagiert mit 3‐Nitrochinolin (I) in methanolischer Kalilauge bei 37 bis 40°C, Obis 5°C und ‐40 bis ‐35°C in unterschiedlichen Ausbeuten zu den Chinolinen (II) ‐(X).In ähnlicher Weise liefern die 2‐Alkoxychinoline (XI) und (XIII) methoxylierte und bromierte Derivate.
ChemInform Abstract: RINGERWEITERUNG VON 1‐AZIRINEN ZU AZEPINEN UEBER EINE CYCLOADDITION
Authors: NAIR V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Azirine (Ia)‐(Ic) reagieren mit 2,5‐Dimethyl‐3,4‐diphenyl‐cyclopentadienon (II) über Zwischenstufen der Art (III) und (IV) zu den Azepinen (V).
ChemInform Abstract: SILBERACETYLENIDE BEI DER AETHINYLIERUNG
Authors: GOL'DING I. R. , SLADKOV A. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Trichloride von Phosphor, Arsen oder Antimon (II) setzen sich in Benzol/ Tetrahydrofuran bei 50°C mit 3 Mol Silber‐phenylacetylenid (I) zum Tri‐(phenyl‐äthinyl)‐phosphin (IIIa) (Ausbeute 66%), ‐arsin (IIIb) (75%) bzw. ‐stibin (IIIc) (53%) um.
ChemInform Abstract: DIPHENYLSULFOXID‐KOMPLEXE VON OXOVANADIN(IV) UND DIOXOURAN(VI)
Authors: SAVANT V. V. , PATEL C. C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractVanadyl‐ und Uranylsalze reagieren mit einem Überschuß des Liganden in Aceton zu den Komplexen (I)‐(V).
ChemInform Abstract: CARBONYL‐EINSCHIEBUNGSREAKTION VON EISENPENTACARBONYL MIT NICHTAROMATISCHEN NITROVERBINDUNGEN
Authors: ALPER HOWARD 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Alkyl‐ und Cycloalkylnitroverbindungen (I) reagieren mit dem F e‐carbonyl (II) unter Bildung der Formamide (III) und der Harnstoff‐Derivate (IV) (Ausbeute 4‐14 bzw. 7‐19%), deren Verteilung von der Größe der Alkylgruppe R abhängig ist.
ChemInform Abstract: METALLKOMPLEXE VON 8‐AMINO‐7‐HYDROXY‐4‐METHYL‐CUMARIN 2. MITT. RUTHENIUM(III)‐, RUTHENIUM(II)‐ UND PALLADIUM(II)‐KOMPLEXE
Authors: RASTOGI D. K. , SRIVASTAVA A. K. , JAIN P. C. , AGARWAL B. R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAnhand von magnetischen, IR‐, elektronenspektroskopischen und Ligandenfeld‐Daten sowie Leitfähigkeitsmessungen werden den aus Ru(III)‐chlorid und dem Titelligand bei pH 8 bzw. 1 erhaltenen Ru‐Komplexen (I) und (II) (Ausbeute 75%) eine oktaedrische Struktur, dem analog bei pH 3 gebildeten, als Dihydrat isolierten Pd‐Komplex (III) (90%) eine quadratisch‐planare Struktur zuerkannt.
ChemInform Abstract: UNTERSUCHUNG DER AZOKUPPLUNG VON 3‐HYDROXY‐CHINOLIN UND 4‐HYDROXY‐ISOCHINOLIN
Authors: ANDRONOVA N. A. , SMIRNOV L. D. , LEZINA V. P. , DYUMAEV K. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBeim Kuppeln von 3‐Hydroxy‐chinolin (I) oder 4‐Hydroxy‐isochinolin (V) (p‐subst.) mit Phenyl‐diazoniumchlorid (II) entstehen die roten Farbstoffe (III) (Ausbeute 81‐92%) bzw. (VI) (70‐82%), die sich mit Zinndichlorid in Salzsäure bei 90 ‐ 95°C zu 4‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐chinolin (IV) (85%) bzw. 3‐Amino‐4‐hydroxy‐isochinolin (VII) (80%) reduzieren lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN NUCLEOSIDEN UND NUCLEOTIDEN 52. MITT. PURIN‐CYCLONUCLEOSIDE 17. MITT. SYNTH. UND EIGENSCHAFTEN VON CYCLONUCLEOSIDEN AUS INOSIN UND THIOINOSIN
Authors: IKEHARA M. , MURAOKA M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract8,2′‐Anhydro‐8‐mercapto‐9‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyl‐adenin (I) und die analogen Cyclonucleoside (V) bzw. (IX) ergeben mit Bariumnitrit/Eisessig die Desaminierungsprodukte (IIa), (VIa) bzw. (Xa), die zu (IIb), (VIb) oder (Xb) benzyliert und dann mit Phosphorpentasulfid zu (IIIa), (VIIa) oder (XIa) geschwefelt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: HEXAMMINMETALL(III)‐HEXACHLOROCHROMATE(III), DARST., KRISTALLGITTER UND SPEKTREN
Authors: EYSEL H. H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Darstellung von [M(NH3)6][CrC16] mit M: Co und Rh aus wäßriger Lösung, sowie die Darstellung dieser Salze mit M: Co, Cr und Rh durch thermische Entwässerung wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMIE BETA,GAMMA‐UNGESAETTIGTER KETONE 4. MITT. PHOTOISOMERISIERUNG VON BICYCLO(2,2,1)HEPTEN‐(5)‐ON‐(2)‐DERIVATEN
Authors: IPAKTSCHI JUNES 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei der Photolyse der Ketone (II), (V) bzw. (VIII) erfolgt eine aus dem singulett‐angeregten Zustand ausgelöste [l.3 ]‐sigmatrope Acylwanderung zu den Cyclobutanonen (I), (IV) bzw. (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUIERTE HYDROXYCARBONSAEUREHYDRAZIDE 81. MITT. O‐SUBSTITUIERTE BENZOYLDERIVATE VON ARYLHYDRAZIDEN DISUBSTITUIERTER GLYKOLSAEUREN
Authors: BERDINSKII I. S. , NIKULINA L. S. , POPOVSKAYA G. I. , MOSTOVAYA L. V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch Kondensation der Arylhydrazide (I) mit geeigneten Aroylchloriden in Toluol bei 100°C werden die Arylaroylhydrazide (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN DICYCLO‐OCTATETRAEN‐CER(IV)
Authors: KALSOTRA B. L. , MULTANI R. K. , JAIN B. D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei der Umsetzung von Dipyridinium‐cer‐hexachlorid (I) mit Dikaliumcyclooctatetraen (II) in Tetrahydrofuran bildet sich bei Raumtemperatur das Dicycloocta‐tetraen‐cer (III) in einer Ausbeute von 64% als grüngelbe Verbindung, die nur in Methylenchlorid, Chloroform und Dimethylformamid etwas löslich ist.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON AZOMETHIN‐PIGMENTEN 4. MITT. SYNTH. VON BISAZOMETHINPIGMENTEN AUS SACCHARIN UND AROMATISCHEN DIAMINEN
Authors: INOUE S. , SEKIGUCHI T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie aus Saccharin (I) durch Erhitzen mit PCl5 in inerten Lösungsmitteln (Chlorbenzol) erhältliche Dichlorverbindung reagiert ohne Zwischenisolierung mit den aromatischen Diaminen (III) in 30‐50%iger Ausbeute zu den gelben oder braunen Bis‐azomethin‐Pigmenten (IV), die gute Licht‐ und Lösungsmittelechtheiten aufweisen.
ChemInform Abstract: VERZWEIGTE ZUCKER 2. MITT. SYNTH. VON L‐STREPTOSE UND D‐HAMAMELOSE
Authors: PAULSEN HANS , SINNWELL VOLKER , STADLER PETER 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Ulose (I) reagiert mit dem Li‐dithian (II) zum verzweigten Zucker (IIIa), der mit BF3/HgO zur Lyxofuranose (IIIb) gespalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REINIGUNG VON INDUSTRIEABWAESSERN
Authors: ‐ ‐ 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas gesamte Heft ist Fragen der Reinigung von Abwässern der chemischen Industrie gewidmet und enthält folgende Übersichtsarbeiten: Kostandov, L.A., Abwässer und rationelle Verwendung der Wasserreserven in der chemischen Industrie.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE RK. VON PHENYLLITHIUM MIT ALLYLCHLORID, ADDITION VON PHENYLLITHIUM AN LITHIIERTES CYCLOPROPEN
Authors: APPLEQUIST D. E. , SAURBORN E. G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAllylchlorid (I) und Phenyllithium (II) reagieren über (III) und (IV) zum Phenylcyclopropan (V).
ChemInform Abstract: UNERWARTETE N‐PI(*)‐ABSORPTION EINES SPIROKETONS AUS 2‐PHENYL‐CYCLOHEXANON‐2‐ESSIGSAEURE
Authors: SCANLAN M. E. , MACKENZIE S. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract2‐Phenyl‐cyclohexanon (I) liefert mit Natriumamid und Jodessigsäureester die 2‐Phenyl‐cyclohexanonQ‐essigsäure (II), die in Gegenwart von Kaliumacetat/ Acetanhydrid den Enoleste1 (III), mit konz. Schwefelsäure oder Polyphosphorsäure das stabile ungesättigte Lacton (IV) ergibt, das mit Alkali lediglich zu (V) hydratisiert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: OX. VON METHYL‐4,6‐O‐BENZYLIDEN‐2‐O‐(2,3,4,6‐TETRA‐O‐ACETYL‐BETA‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSYL)‐ALPHA‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSID MIT DIMETHYLSULFOXID‐ACETANHYDRID‐GEMISCHEN
Authors: PAWLAK ZOFIA 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Oxidation der Titelverbindung (I) mit DMSO (II)/Acetanhydrid liefert die Verbindungen (IIIa) und (IIIb).
Optimal display color for nighttime smartphone users
Authors: Na Nooree , Suk Hyeon‐Jeong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe study investigated the optimal display color for comfortable use of smartphones at night under low illuminance, while not distorting the perceived quality of displays. Two phases of psychophysical experiments were conducted to judge perceptibility and acceptability of the displays in various shades of white. The experimental results showed that the scores in acceptability were always higher than those in perceptibility all across the hues, and yellow received the highest scores in acceptability among the six hue categories. This can be interpreted that the observers have the intention of using a display in a yellow shade of white even though it is not perceived as pure white. Through the analysis, a white in yellow shade with the RGB values of 255, 255, and 230 was determined as the optimal display color for nighttime smartphone users regardless of display luminance or contents. The proposed display color supports physiological comfort by reducing the blue light, which involves an adverse effect on the biological system, and provides psychological satisfaction by allowing users to decide the color within the range of the user's acceptable threshold. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 60–67, 2017
En1 is necessary for survival of neurons in the ventral nuclei of the lateral lemniscus
Authors: Altieri Stefanie C. , Zhao Tianna , Jalabi Walid , Romito‐DiGiacomo Rita R. , Maricich Stephen M. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe ventral nuclei of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) are part of the central auditory system thought to participate in temporal sound processing. While the timing and location of VNLL neurogenesis have been determined, the genetic factors that regulate VNLL neuron development are unknown. Here, we use genetic fate‐mapping techniques to demonstrate that all glycinergic and glycinergic/GABAergic VNLL neurons derive from a cellular lineage that expresses the homeobox transcription factor Engrailed 1 (En1). We also show that En1 deletion does not affect migration or adoption of a neuronal cell fate but does lead to VNLL neuron death during development. Furthermore, En1 deletion blocks expression of the transcription factor FoxP1 in a subset of VNLL neurons. Together, these data identify En1 as a gene important for VNLL neuron development and survival. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1266–1274, 2016
Taming transitive permission attack via bytecode rewriting on Android application
Authors: Wang Daibin , Jin Hai , Zou Deqing , Xu Peng , Zhu Tianqing , Chen Gang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGoogle Android is popular for mobile devices in recent years. The openness and popularity of Android make it a primary target for malware. Even though Android's security mechanisms could defend most malware, its permission model is vulnerable to transitive permission attack, a type of privilege escalation attacks. Many approaches have been proposed to detect this attack by modifying the Android OS. However, the Android's fragmentation problem and requiring rooting Android device hinder those approaches large‐scale adoption. In this paper, we present an instrumentation framework, called SEAPP, for Android applications (or “apps”) to detect the transitive permission attack on unmodified Android. SEAPP automatically rewrites an app without requiring its source codes and produces a security‐harden app. At runtime, call‐chains are built among these apps and detection process is executed before a privileged API is invoked. Our experimental results show that SEAPP could work on a large number of benign apps from the official Android market and malicious apps, with a repackaged success rate of over 99.8%. We also show that our framework effectively tracks call‐chains among apps and detects known transitive permission attack with low overhead. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eccentric scar formation around a pulmonary vein after cryo‐balloon ablation in a patient with atrial fibrillation: A case report
Authors: Kiuchi Kunihiko , Fukuzawa Koji , Matsumoto Akinori 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe impact of a cryoballoon ablation is reported to be similar to that of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE‐MRI) could visualize the scar region induced by the cryoballoon ablation as well as RF ablation. Cryoballoon ablation could induce extensive scar lesions around the PVs. However, the distribution of the scar lesions after the cryoballoon ablation has not been well discussed. We, herein, described a case with an eccentric scar distribution after cryoballoon ablation.
Comparison of sugammadex and neostigmine–atropine on intraocular pressure and postoperative effects
Authors: Hakimoğlu Sedat , Tuzcu Kasım , Davarcı Işıl , Karcıoğlu Murat , Ayhan Tuzcu Esra , Hancı Volkan , Aydın Suzan , Kahraman Hilal , Elbeyli Ahmet , Turhanoğlu Selim 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDuring surgery, changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) can be observed resulting from several factors, such as airway manipulations and drugs used. We aimed to investigate the effects of sugammadex and neostigmine on IOP, hemodynamic parameters, and complications after extubation. Our study comprised 60 patients, aged 18–65 years, with a risk status of the American Society of Anesthesiologists I–II who underwent arthroscopic surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups. At the end of the surgery, the neuromuscular block was reversed using neostigmine (50 μg/kg) plus atropine (15 μg/kg) in Group 1, and sugammadex (4 mg/kg) in Group 2. Neuromuscular blockade was monitored using acceleromyography and a train‐of‐four mode of stimulation. IOP was measured before induction and at 30 seconds, 2 minutes, and 10 minutes after extubation. A Tono‐Pen XL applanation tonometer was used to measure IOP. This showed that elevation in IOP of patients reversed using sugammadex was similar to that recorded in patients reversed using neostigmine–atropine. When heart rate was compared, there was a significant difference between basal values and those obtained at 30 seconds and 10 minutes after extubation in the neostigmine–atropine group. Extubation time (time from withdrawal of anesthetic gas to extubation) was significantly shorter in the sugammadex group (p = 0.003) than in the neostigmine–atropine group. The postextubation IOP values of the sugammadex group were similar to the neostigmine–atropine group. Extubation time (time from withdrawal of anesthetic gas to extubation) was significantly shorter in the sugammadex group (p = 0.003) than in the neostigmine–atropine group.
Delayed sequence intubation: is it ready for prime time?
Authors: Taylor John A. , Hohl Corinne Michele 
Published: February 2016

Clinical questionDoes delayed sequence intubation (DSI) improve preoxygenation and safety when intubating otherwise uncooperative patients?Article chosenWeingart SD, Trueger S, Wong N, et al. Delayed sequence intubation: a prospective observational study. Ann Emerg Med 2015;65(4):349-55. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.09.025ObjectiveTo investigate whether the administration of ketamine 3 minutes prior to the administration of a muscle relaxant allows for optimal preoxygenation in uncooperative patients undergoing intubation.
In Situ Ptychography of Heterogeneous Catalysts using Hard X-Rays: High Resolution Imaging at Ambient Pressure and Elevated Temperature
Authors: Baier Sina , Damsgaard Christian D. , Scholz Maria , Benzi Federico , Rochet Amélie , Hoppe Robert , Scherer Torsten , Shi Junjie , Wittstock Arne , Weinhausen Britta , Wagner Jakob B. , Schroer Christian G. , Grunwaldt Jan-Dierk 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA new closed cell is presented for in situ X-ray ptychography which allows studies under gas flow and at elevated temperature. In order to gain complementary information by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the cell makes use of a Protochips E-chipTM which contains a small, thin electron transparent window and allows heating. Two gold-based systems, 50 nm gold particles and nanoporous gold as a relevant catalyst sample, were used for studying the feasibility of the cell. Measurements showing a resolution around 40 nm have been achieved under a flow of synthetic air and during heating up to temperatures of 933 K. An elevated temperature exhibited little influence on image quality and resolution. With this study, the potential of in situ hard X-ray ptychography for investigating annealing processes of real catalyst samples is demonstrated. Furthermore, the possibility to use the same sample holder for ex situ electron microscopy before and after the in situ study underlines the unique possibilities available with this combination of electron microscopy and X-ray microscopy on the same sample.
Calcium imaging of sleep–wake related neuronal activity in the dorsal pons
Authors: Cox Julia , Pinto Lucas , Dan Yang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe dorsal pons has long been implicated in the generation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but the underlying circuit mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using cell-type-specific microendoscopic Ca2+ imaging in and near the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, we found that many glutamatergic neurons are maximally active during REM sleep (REM-max), while the majority of GABAergic neurons are maximally active during wakefulness (wake-max). Furthermore, the activity of glutamatergic neurons exhibits a medio-lateral spatial gradient, with medially located neurons more selectively active during REM sleep.
A workflow to process 3D+time microscopy images of developing organisms and reconstruct their cell lineage
Authors: Faure Emmanuel , Savy Thierry , Rizzi Barbara , Melani Camilo , Stašová Olga , Fabrèges Dimitri , Špir Róbert , Hammons Mark , Čúnderlík Róbert , Recher Gaëlle , Lombardot Benoît , Duloquin Louise , Colin Ingrid , Kollár Jozef , Desnoulez Sophie , Affaticati Pierre , Maury Benoît , Boyreau Adeline , Nief Jean-Yves , Calvat Pascal , Vernier Philippe , Frain Monique , Lutfalla Georges , Kergosien Yannick , Suret Pierre , Remešíková Mariana , Doursat René , Sarti Alessandro , Mikula Karol , Peyriéras Nadine , Bourgine Paul 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe quantitative and systematic analysis of embryonic cell dynamics from in vivo 3D+time image data sets is a major challenge at the forefront of developmental biology. Despite recent breakthroughs in the microscopy imaging of living systems, producing an accurate cell lineage tree for any developing organism remains a difficult task. We present here the BioEmergences workflow integrating all reconstruction steps from image acquisition and processing to the interactive visualization of reconstructed data. Original mathematical methods and algorithms underlie image filtering, nucleus centre detection, nucleus and membrane segmentation, and cell tracking. They are demonstrated on zebrafish, ascidian and sea urchin embryos with stained nuclei and membranes. Subsequent validation and annotations are carried out using Mov-IT, a custom-made graphical interface. Compared with eight other software tools, our workflow achieved the best lineage score. Delivered in standalone or web service mode, BioEmergences and Mov-IT offer a unique set of tools for in silico experimental embryology.
Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 Reprograms Angiogenic Activities of Secretome
Authors: Wood Lauren W. , Cox Nicole I. , Phelps Cody A. , Lai Shao-Chiang , Poddar Arjun , Talbot Conover , Mu David 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThrough both gain- and loss-of-TTF-1 expression strategies, we show that TTF-1 positively regulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and that theVEGFpromoter element contains multiple TTF-1-responsive sequences. The major signaling receptor for VEGF, i.e VEGFR2, also appears to be under a direct and positive regulation of TTF-1. The TTF-1-dependent upregulation of VEGF was moderately sensitive to rapamycin, implicating a partial involvement of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). However, hypoxia did not further increase the secreted VEGF level of the TTF-1+lung cancer cells. The TTF-1-induced VEGF upregulation occurs in both compartments (exosomes and exosome-depleted media (EDM)) of the conditioned media. Surprisingly, the EDM of TTF-1+lung cancer cells (designated EDM-TTF-1+) displayed an anti-angiogenic activity in the endothelial cell tube formation assay. Mechanistic studies suggest that the increased granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) level in the EDM-TTF-1+conferred the antiangiogenic activities. In human lung cancer, the expression ofTTF-1andGM-CSFexhibits a statistically significant and positive correlation. In summary, this study provides evidence that TTF-1 may reprogram lung cancer secreted proteome into an antiangiogenic state, offering a novel basis to account for the long-standing observation of favorable prognosis associated with TTF-1+lung adenocarcinomas.
Tailoring the Oxygen Content of Graphite and Reduced Graphene Oxide for Specific Applications
Authors: Morimoto Naoki , Kubo Takuya , Nishina Yuta 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) is widely recognized as a promising material in a variety of fields, but its structure and composition has yet to be fully controlled. We have developed general strategies to control the oxidation degree of graphene-like materials via two methods: oxidation of graphite by KMnO4in H2SO4(oGO) and reduction of highly oxidized GO by hydrazine (rGO). Even though the oxygen content may be the same, oGO and rGO have different properties, for example the adsorption ability, oxidation ability and electron conductivity. These differences in property arise from the difference in the underlying graphitic structure and the type of defect present. Our results can be used as a guideline for the production of tailor-made graphitic carbons. As an example, we show that rGO with 23.1 wt% oxygen showed the best performance as an electrode of an electric double-layer capacitor.
Specific IgA Enhances the Transcytosis and Excretion of Hepatitis A Virus
Authors: Counihan Natalie A. , Anderson David A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHepatitis A virus (HAV) replicates in the liver, and is excreted from the body in feces. However, the mechanisms of HAV transport from hepatocytes to the gastrointestinal tract are poorly understood, mainly due to lack of suitable in vitro models. Here, we use a polarized hepatic cell line and in vivo models to demonstrate vectorial transport of HAV from hepatocytes into bile via the apical cell membrane. Although this transport is specific for HAV, the rate of fecal excretion in inefficient, accounting for less than 1% of input virus from the bloodstream per hour. However, we also found that the rate of HAV excretion was enhanced in the presence of HAV-specific IgA. Using mice lacking the polymeric IgA receptor (pIgR−/−), we show that a proportion of HAV:IgA complexes are transported via the pIgR demonstrating a role for specific antibody in pathogen excretion.