bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the performance of a point‐of‐care method for total and differential white blood cell count in clozapine users
Authors: Bui H. N. , Bogers J. P. A. M. , Cohen D. , Njo T. , Herruer M. H. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIntroductionWe evaluated the performance of the HemoCue WBC DIFF, a point‐of‐care device for total and differential white cell count, primarily to test its suitability for the mandatory white blood cell monitoring in clozapine use.MethodLeukocyte count and 5‐part differentiation was performed by the point‐of‐care device and by routine laboratory method in venous EDTA–blood samples from 20 clozapine users, 20 neutropenic patients, and 20 healthy volunteers. From the volunteers, also a capillary sample was drawn. Intra‐assay reproducibility and drop‐to‐drop variation were tested.ResultsThe correlation between both methods in venous samples was r > 0.95 for leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts. The correlation between point‐of‐care (capillary sample) and routine (venous sample) methods for these cells was 0.772; 0.817 and 0.798, respectively. Only for leukocyte and neutrophil counts, the intra‐assay reproducibility was sufficient.ConclusionThe point‐of‐care device can be used to screen for leukocyte and neutrophil counts. Because of the relatively high measurement uncertainty and poor correlation with venous samples, we recommend to repeat the measurement with a venous sample if cell counts are in the lower reference range. In case of clozapine therapy, neutropenia can probably be excluded if high neutrophil counts are found and patients can continue their therapy.
Recommendation for standardization of haematology reporting units used in the extended blood count
Authors: Brereton M. , McCafferty R. , Marsden K. , Kawai Y. , Etzell J. , Ermens A. ,   the international council for standardization in haematology
Published: August 2016

SummaryIntroductionIt is desirable in the interest of patient safety that the reporting of laboratory results should be standardized where no valid reason for diversity exists. This study considers the reporting units used for the extended blood cell count and makes a new ICSH recommendation to encourage standardization worldwide.MethodsThis work is based on a literature review that included the original ICSH recommendations and on data gathered from an international survey of current practice completed by 18 countries worldwide.ResultsThe survey results show that significant diversity in the use of reporting units for the blood count exists worldwide. The use of either non‐SI or other units not recommended by the ICSH in the early 1980s has persisted despite the guidance from that time.ConclusionThe diversity in use of reporting units occurs in three areas: the persistence in use of non‐SI units for RBC, WBC and platelet counts, the use of three different units for haemoglobin concentration and the manual reporting of WBC differential, reticulocytes and nucleated RBCs when the latter are available from automated analysis or can be expressed as absolute numbers by calculation. A new recommendation with a rationale for each parameter is made for standardization of the reporting units used for the extended blood count.
Increased mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration: artefact or pathological condition?
Authors: Berda‐Haddad Y. , Faure C. , Boubaya M. , Arpin M. , Cointe S. , Frankel D. , Lacroix R. , Dignat‐George F. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIntroductionIn daily practice in haematology laboratories, spurious increased MCHC induces an analytical alarm and needs prompt corrective action to ensure delivery of the right results to the clinicians. The aim of this study was to establish a ‘decision tree’ using the new parameters red blood cells (RBC‐O) and haemoglobin (HGB‐O) from the Sysmex XN‐10 RET obtained by flow cytometry to deliver appropriate results.MethodsFrom 128 unknown patients with MCHC > 365 g/L, all erythrocyte parameters including reticulocyte parameters were measured and analysed in parallel with blood smears, chemistry index and osmolarity. Differences between optical parameters (RBC‐O, HGB‐O) and usual parameters (RBC, HGB) obtained by impedance and photometry were reported also.ResultsFour groups were defined from observations: ‐RBC agglutination (n = 22); ‐optical interference (n = 17); ‐RBC disease (n = 18); and ‐others (n = 71). The use of RBC‐O and HGB‐O permitted efficient correction of the abnormalities when RBC agglutination and/or optical interference were present in 36 of 39 patients. Reticulocyte parameters permitted to elaborate an RBC score that allowed a highly sensitive detection of RBC disease patients (17/18).ConclusionBased on new parameters, we propose a ‘decision tree’ that delivers time savings and supports biological interpretation in case of elevated MCHC.
Diversification of both KIR and NKG2 natural killer cell receptor genes in macaques – implications for highly complex MHC‐dependent regulation of natural killer cells
Authors: Walter Lutz , Petersen Beatrix 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe killer immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR) as well as their MHC class I ligands display enormous genetic diversity and polymorphism in macaque species. Signals resulting from interaction between KIR or CD94/NKG2 receptors and their cognate MHC class I proteins essentially regulate the activity of natural killer (NK) cells. Macaque and human KIR share many features, such as clonal expression patterns, gene copy number variations, specificity for particular MHC class I allotypes, or epistasis between KIR and MHC class I genes that influence susceptibility and resistance to immunodeficiency virus infection. In this review article we also annotated publicly available rhesus macaque BAC clone sequences and provide the first description of the CD94–NKG2 genomic region. Besides the presence of genes that are orthologous to human NKG2A and NKG2F, this region contains three NKG2C paralogues. Hence, the genome of rhesus macaques contains moderately expanded and diversified NKG2 genes in addition to highly diversified KIR genes. The presence of two diversified NK cell receptor families in one species has not been described before and is expected to require a complex MHC‐dependent regulation of NK cells.
Ventricular Arrhythmia Burden in Patients With Heart Failure and Cardiac Resynchronization Devices: The Importance of Renal Function
Authors: GANESHA BABU GIRISH , WEBBER MATTHEW , PROVIDENCIA RUI , KUMAR SANJEEV , GOPALAMURUGAN AERAKONDAL , ROGERS DOMINIC P. , DAW HOLLY LOUISE , AHSAN SYED , KHAN FAKHAR , CHOW ANTHONY , LOWE MARTIN , ROWLAND EDWARD , LAMBIASE PIER , SEGAL OLIVER R. 
Published: August 2016

VA Burden in Patients With HFBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for arrhythmias in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the effects of CKD on ventricular arrhythmia (VA) burden in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy and defibrillator (CRT‐D) devices in a primary prevention setting are unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether baseline CKD is associated with increased risk of VA in patients implanted with primary prevention CRT‐D devices.Methods and ResultsIn this retrospective study, 199 consecutive primary prevention CRT‐D recipients (2005–2010) were stratified by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels prior to device implantation with 106 (53.2%) ≥CKD III (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) (CKD group). CKD group patients were significantly older (70.0 ± 10 years vs. 61.3 ± 12 years, P < 0.05) with higher prevalence of ischemic cardiomyopathy (56.2% vs. 40.2%, P < 0.05). Detected ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF) episodes resulting in device therapy occurred significantly more frequently in the CKD group [40/106(37.8%)] than controls [24/93(25.8%)], (odd ratio [OR] = 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–3.2, P = 0.05). At 5‐year follow‐up, interval censored data analysis showed 41% VT/VF incidence in the CKD group compared to 24% incidence in controls (P < 0.05). Cox proportional hazards model identified CKD > III as the only predictor of sustained VA in this group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.92, CI = 1.39–6.1, P = 0.004).ConclusionBaseline CKD is a strong independent risk factor for VA in primary prevention CRT‐D recipients. Further understanding of the underlying arrhythmogenic mechanisms relating to CKD may be of interest to allow appropriate correction and prevention. Device programming in this cohort may need to reflect this increased risk.
Performance of an Implantable Cardiac Monitor to Detect Atrial Fibrillation: Results of the DETECT AF Study
Authors: NÖLKER GEORG , MAYER JULIA , BOLDT LEIF‐HENDRIK , SEIDL KARLHEINZ , VAN DRIEL VINCENT , MASSA THOMAS , KOLLUM MARC , BRACHMANN JOHANNES , DENEKE THOMAS , HINDRICKS GERHARD , JUNG WERNER , BRUNNER KYLE J. , KRAUS STACIA , HÜMMER ALEXANDER , LEWALTER THORSTEN 
Published: August 2016

DETECT AF Study ResultsIntroductionReliable detection and monitoring of atrial fibrillation (AF) is essential for accurate clinical decision making, which can now be done continuously with the introduction of implantable cardiac monitors (ICM) The DETECT AF study evaluated the performance of the Confirm DM2102 ICM (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) to accurately detect and monitor AF.MethodsNinety patients previously implanted with the ICM and with either suspected or known paroxysmal AF were enrolled at 12 centers in Germany and The Netherlands. At least 2 weeks after ICM implant, patients wore a Holter monitor for 4 days, while the ICM monitored for AF episodes lasting at least 2 minutes. Holter monitor data was analyzed by a blinded, independent core laboratory and compared to the ICM AF detections. Patient and episode sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive (NPV) were calculated using standard analysis and a generalized estimation equation method where appropriate.ResultsA total of 79/90 subjects (61% male, 65.7 ± 9.6 years old) were included in the analysis, totaling 6,894 hours of Holter monitoring. Using a per patient analysis SE was 100%, PPV was 64.0%, SP was 85.7%, and NPV was 100%. Using a per episode analysis, SE was 94.0% and PPV was 64.0%. With an AF duration analysis, the SE was 83.9%, PPV was 97.3%, SP was 99.4% with an NPV of 98.5%.ConclusionThe SJM Confirm DM2102 can accurately and repeatedly detect paroxysmal AF episodes of at least 2 minutes in length.
Effect of a newly‐devised nutritional guide based on self‐efficacy for patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan over 2 years: 1‐year intervention and 1‐year follow‐up studies
Authors: Yamamoto Takuya , Moyama Shota , Yano Hideki 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe devised a new system called “Educational Guidance” (E‐Guide) for nutritional education based on self‐efficacy. The present study aimed to examine the effects of E‐Guide use on glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe carried out an interventional and observational study that included 74 patients with type 2 diabetes. The extent of glycemic control in the 39 patients who received guidance through the E‐Guide (E‐Guide group) was compared with that of 35 patients who received conventional nutritional guidance (control group). We carried out a 1‐year follow‐up survey (subanalysis) based on the electronic health records of 18 patients from the E‐guide group and 19 patients from the control group. These patients continued treatment at Hikone Municipal Hospital, Hikone, Shiga, Japan. Changes in glycated hemoglobin levels, body mass index and medication dose were examined from time of enrollment to the end of the 1‐year intervention, and during the 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsDecreases in glycated hemoglobin levels were more pronounced in the E‐Guide group than in the control group during the intervention period (P < 0.05). The levels further decreased during the follow‐up period (P < 0.01). In the E‐Guide group, body mass index decreased significantly throughout the follow‐up period (P < 0.001). Additionally, increased medication doses were significantly less common in the E‐Guide group than in the control group (P < 0.01).ConclusionsIntervention based on our “E‐Guide” is more useful and powerful than the conventional methods for glycemic control and self‐care behavior among patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan.
β‐Caryophyllene protects in vitro neurovascular unit against oxygen‐glucose deprivation and re‐oxygenation‐induced injury
Authors: Tian Xiaocui , Peng Jianhua , Zhong Jianjun , Yang Mei , Pang Jinwei , Lou Jie , Li Minghang , An Ruidi , Zhang Qian , Xu Lu , Dong Zhi 
Published: August 2016

Abstractβ‐Caryophyllene (BCP) mediates neuroprotection in cerebral ischemic animals. The neurovascular unit (NVU) acts as an intricate network to maintain the neuronal homeostatic microenvironment. However, the effects exerted by BCP on NVU remain unclear. Therefore, we established an in vitro NVU model to investigate the effects of BCP on oxygen‐glucose deprivation and re‐oxygenation (OGD/R)‐induced injury. This model involved the co‐culture of brain microvascular endothelial cells, neurons, and astrocytes. BCP (10 μmol/L) was applied for 24 h prior to OGD/R and maintained throughout OGD/R. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and neuronal apoptosis were analyzed. BCP pre‐treatment prior to the initiation of OGD/R significantly (i) decreased BBB permeability and neuronal apoptosis, (ii) mitigated oxidative stress damage and the release of inflammatory cytokines, (iii) down‐regulated Bax expression, metalloproteinase‐9 activity and expression, and (iv) up‐regulated claudin‐5, occludin, ZO‐1, growth‐associated protein‐43 and Bcl‐2 expression. Thus, BCP pre‐treatment exerted multiple protective effects on NVU in the context of OGD/R‐induced injury. These protective effects potentially occur via reductions in oxidative stress damage and inflammatory cytokines that induce BBB breakdown, subsequently resulting in reduced neuronal apoptosis. The NVU serves as putative therapeutic targets for cerebral ischemia, and the results of this study provide new insights for the application of BCP as a neuroprotective agent.
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C‐terminal of human histamine H1receptors regulates their agonist‐induced clathrin‐mediated internalization and G‐protein signaling
Authors: Hishinuma Shigeru , Nozawa Hiroki , Akatsu Chizuru , Shoji Masaru 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIt has been suggested that the agonist‐induced internalization of G‐protein‐coupled receptors from the cell surface into intracellular compartments regulates cellular responsiveness. We previously reported that Gq/11‐protein‐coupled human histamine H1receptors internalized via clathrin‐dependent mechanisms upon stimulation with histamine. However, the molecular determinants of H1receptors responsible for agonist‐induced internalization remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the roles of the intracellular C‐terminal of human histamine H1receptors tagged with hemagglutinin (HA) at the N‐terminal in histamine‐induced internalization in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The histamine‐induced internalization was evaluated by the receptor binding assay with [3H]mepyramine and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy with an anti‐HA antibody. We found that histamine‐induced internalization was inhibited under hypertonic conditions or by pitstop, a clathrin terminal domain inhibitor, but not by filipin or nystatin, disruptors of the caveolar structure and function. The histamine‐induced internalization was also inhibited by truncation of a single amino acid, Ser487, located at the end of the intracellular C‐terminal of H1receptors, but not by its mutation to alanine. In contrast, the receptor‐G‐protein coupling, which was evaluated by histamine‐induced accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphates, was potentiated by truncation of Ser487, but was lost by its mutation to alanine. These results suggest that the intracellular C‐terminal of human H1receptors, which only comprises 17 amino acids (Cys471‐Ser487), plays crucial roles in both clathrin‐dependent internalization of H1receptors and G‐protein signaling, in which truncation of Ser487 and its mutation to alanine are revealed to result in biased signaling toward activation of G‐proteins and clathrin‐mediated internalization, respectively.image
Emotional stimuli facilitate time perception in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Nazari Mohammad A. , Mirloo Mohammad M. , Rezaei Mazaher , Soltanlou Mojtaba 
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different emotional stimuli (neutral, positive, and negative) on time perception in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal children in dual‐task form. Five hundred and ninety‐nine students from primary schools were randomly selected. The Conner's Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS) questionnaire was completed by teachers. A total of 100 children with a score above the cut‐off point for the CTRS were further assessed using the Child Symptom Inventory‐4 (CSI‐4). A total of 34 children with ADHD and 31 controls completed an emotional time discrimination task in two blocks of 1000 and 2000 ms duration. Children were asked to compare three image groups: neutral with neutral, neutral with positive, and neutral with negative images. Children with ADHD had significantly better performance in the emotional time discrimination task across all conditions when compared with controls: On average, discrimination thresholds were approximately 35 ms shorter for the children with ADHD. Our results indicate that children with ADHD have higher sensitivity to time relative to controls in a situation in which they must distribute resources between temporal and emotional processing. On the basis of the interference effect and the working memory capacity hypothesis, this dividing of attention causes a decrease of time accuracy in normal children.
Epidemiology of fatal and hospitalised injuries among youth in Fiji (TRIP 15)
Authors: Herman Josephine , Peiris‐John Roshini , Wainiqolo Iris , Kafoa Berlin , Laginikoro Paul , McCaig Eddie , Ameratunga Shanthi 
Published: August 2016

AimTo determine the burden and characteristics of fatal and hospitalised injuries among youth in Fiji.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of the Fiji Injury Surveillance in Hospitals database – a prospective population‐based trauma registry – to examine the incidence and epidemiological characteristics associated with injury‐related deaths and hospital admissions among youth aged 15–24 years. The study base was Viti Levu, Fiji, during the 12‐month period concluding on 30 September 2006.ResultsOne in four injuries in the Fiji Injury Surveillance in Hospitals database occurred among youth (n = 515, incidence rate 400/100 000). Injury rates were higher among men, those aged 20–24 years compared with 15‐ to 19‐year‐olds, and indigenous Fijians (iTaukei) compared with Indians. The leading causes among indigenous Fijians were being hit by a person/object (men) and falls (women), whereas for Indians, it was road traffic injuries (men) and intentional poisoning (women). Most injuries occurred at home (39%) or on the road (22%). Of the 63 fatal events, 57% were intentional injuries, and most deaths (73%) occurred prior to hospitalisation. Homicide rates were four times higher among indigenous Fijians than Indians, whereas suicide rates were five times higher among Indians compared with indigenous Fijians.ConclusionsImportant ethnic‐specific differences in the epidemiology of fatal and serious non‐fatal injuries are apparent among youth in Fiji. Efforts to prevent the avoidable burden of injury among Fiji youth thus requires inter‐sectoral cooperation that takes account of important sociocultural, environmental and health system factors such as unmet mental healthcare needs and effective pre‐hospital trauma services.
Association of cord blood vitamin D with early childhood growth and neurodevelopment
Authors: Gould Jacqueline F , Anderson Amanda J , Yelland Lisa N , Smithers Lisa G , Skeaff C Murray , Zhou Shao J , Gibson Robert A , Makrides Maria 
Published: August 2016

AimThe association between fetal vitamin D [25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)] exposure and early child growth and neurodevelopment is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cord blood 25(OH)D and birth size, childhood growth and neurodevelopment.MethodsCord blood samples from 1040 Australian women enrolled in a randomised trial of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy were analysed for 25(OH)D using mass spectroscopy. Infant length, weight and head circumference were measured at delivery. A sub‐sample of 337 infants with cord blood samples were selected for growth and neurodevelopment assessment at 18 months and 4 years of age. Associations between standardised 25(OH)D and outcomes were assessed, taking into account DHA treatment, social and demographic variables.ResultsStandardised 25(OH)D in cord blood was not associated with length, weight or head circumference at birth, 18 months or 4 years of age. 25(OH)D was not associated with cognitive, motor, social‐emotional or adaptive behaviour scores at 18 months, or cognitive score at 4 years of age. A 10 nmol/L increase in cord blood 25(OH)D was associated with a modest increase in average Language scores of 0.60 points at 18 months (adjusted 95% CI 0.04–1.17, P = .04) and 0.68 points at 4 years (adjusted 95% CI 0.07–1.29, P = .03) of age.ConclusionsCord blood vitamin D was modestly, positively associated with language development in early childhood in our sample, although the magnitude of the association was small. Randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm a causal association and establish the potential clinical significance of the relationship between vitamin D status and language development.
Paediatric Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: A single‐centre retrospective cohort
Authors: Roediger Jessica C , Outhred Alexander C , Shadbolt Bruce , Britton Philip N 
Published: August 2016

AimWe aimed to describe the clinical epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) at a large, tertiary/quaternary children's hospital in Australia.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of SAB cases at the Children's Hospital at Westmead (CHW) over 5 years; 2006–2011. We compared frequency, clinical profile and outcomes of SAB with published data from CHW; 1994–1998. We compared health‐care associated with community‐associated (HCA‐SAB and CA‐SAB; defined epidemiologically) and methicillin‐resistant with methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MRSA and MSSA).ResultsWe identified 174 episodes of paediatric SAB with an average annual admission rate of 1.3/1000 which has not increased compared with a decade earlier. Half of the cases (49%) were CA‐SAB; 18% were MRSA. The proportion of CA‐MRSA bacteraemia (22%) has increased. The proportion of SAB associated with central venous access devices (CVADs; 40%) has increased. CA‐SAB cases were more likely to present with a tissue focus of disease (e.g. osteo‐articular, pneumonia) and often required surgery. HCA‐SAB less frequently required surgery, a minority is MRSA, and vascular device intervention (removal, sterilisation) is common. Six cases (4%) of infective endocarditis (IE) were identified; three with a history of congenital heart disease, two with CVADs in situ. There were no deaths in this cohort.ConclusionsOver an 18‐year period, the proportion of SAB due to CA‐MRSA and SAB associated with CVADs has increased. Categorisation of SAB as HCA and CA reveals two broad phenotypes of paediatric SAB. SAB in children is infrequently associated with IE. The health‐care burden of paediatric SAB is considerable', but mortality is low.