bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiplex quantitative SILAC for analysis of archaeal proteomes: a case study of oxidative stress responses
Authors: McMillan Lana J. , Hwang Sungmin , Farah Rawan E. , Koh Jin , Chen Sixue , Maupin‐Furlow Julie A. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryStable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is a quantitative proteomic method that can illuminate new pathways used by cells to adapt to different lifestyles and niches. Archaea, while thriving in extreme environments and accounting for ∼20%–40% of the Earth's biomass, have not been analyzed with the full potential of SILAC. Here, we report SILAC for quantitative comparison of archaeal proteomes, using Haloferax volcanii as a model. A double auxotroph was generated that allowed for complete incorporation of 13C/15N‐lysine and 13C‐arginine such that each peptide derived from trypsin digestion was labelled. This strain was found amenable to multiplex SILAC by case study of responses to oxidative stress by hypochlorite. A total of 2565 proteins was identified by LC‐MS/MS analysis (q‐value ≤ 0.01) that accounted for 64% of the theoretical proteome. Of these, 176 proteins were altered at least 1.5‐fold (p‐value < 0.05) in abundance during hypochlorite stress. Many of the differential proteins were of unknown function. Those of known function included transcription factor homologs related to oxidative stress by 3D‐homology modelling and orthologous group comparisons. Thus, SILAC is found to be an ideal method for quantitative proteomics of archaea that holds promise to unravel gene function.
The limits of the decentred state: the case of policing insurance claims fraud
Authors: Stenström Anders 
Published: December 2017

AbstractExisting research clearly shows that the public–private divide is continuously being challenged, recast and transformed. However, this article argues that a sharp distinction between public and private continues to operate as an important norm for professionals involved in the investigation of insurance claims fraud in Sweden. It shows how power within private insurance companies and the police authority is organized around the public–private divide, which is in turn mobilized to justify repression and to give investigations legitimacy. The article indicates that the formal public–private distinction is far more thoroughly maintained than is suggested by the existing literature. Rather than challenging the centrality of state power, private insurers and the police construct, maintain and have a stake in the reproduction of a state‐centric monopoly of crime control.
Teens and Spice: A Review of Adolescent Fatalities Associated with Synthetic Cannabinoid Use
Authors: Paul Anthea B. Mahesan , Simms Lary , Amini Saeideh , Paul Abraham Ebenezer 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are commonly abused by adolescents with reported past year (2013) use in high school students between 3 and 10%. Standard adolescent postmortem toxicology does not include routine SC analysis, and thus, the true burden of fatalities related to SCs is unknown. A retrospective case review of two cases included scene investigation, interviews, autopsy, and toxicology. SCs were confirmed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‑MS/MS). Review of the eight adolescent SC‐associated fatalities in the literature revealed five of eight cases had no other discernible cause of death on autopsy. Compounds detected included PB‐22 (1.1 ng/mL), JWH‐210 (12 ng/mL), XLR‐11 (1.3 ng/mL), JWH‐122, AB‐CHMINACA (8.2 ng/mL), UR‐144 (12.3 ng/mL), and JWH‐022 (3 ng/mL). With synthetic drug use on the rise, forensic experts should have a high index of suspicion for the possibility of SC intoxication in adolescent fatalities with no other discernible cause of death.
Functional and genetic characteristics of Chlorantraniliprole resistance in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Kang Won Jin , Koo Hyun‐Na , Jeong Dae‐Hun , Kim Hyun Kyung , Kim Juil , Kim Gil‐Hah 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is a globally distributed and important economic pest, and it has developed resistance to all conventional insecticide classes used in the field. Chlorantraniliprole is a new chemical class of insecticide that acts as a conformation‐sensitive activator of the insect ryanodine receptor (RyR). In the present study, a field strain (16.3‐fold resistance to chlorantraniliprole) was collected in Korea and lab‐selected with chlorantraniliprole for more than one year. The resulting strain presented 2,157‐fold resistance to chlorantraniliprole. A point mutation (G4946E) in the RyR gene was observed at a high frequency in the resistant strain. Enzyme assays indicated that glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and P450 activity in the resistant strain were 2.4‐ and 1.96‐times higher than that of the susceptible strain, respectively. The expression of the RyR, GST (sigma, omega, and zeta) and CYP321E1 gene was higher in the resistant strain than in the susceptible strain. The F1 progeny resulting from reciprocal crosses did not reveal maternal effects or a diamide‐susceptible phenotype, which suggests an autosomal nearly recessive mode of inheritance. In addition, we surveyed the susceptibility to 13 insecticides (3 diamides, 2 synthetic pyrethroids, 2 spinosyns, 1 organophosphate, 1 oxadiazine, 1 avermectin, and 3 others) in the chlorantraniliprole‐resistant strain. The resistant strain exhibited high cross‐resistance to flubendiamide (5,910 fold) and showed no cross‐resistance to spinetoram, spinosad, indoxacarb, and metaflumizone. These results can serve as an important basis for guiding the use of insecticides in the field.
Composition, Granular Structure, and Pasting Properties of Native Starch Extracted from Plectranthus edulis (Oromo dinich) Tubers
Authors: Hellemans Tom , Abera Gifty , De Leyn Ingrid , Van der Meeren Paul , Dewettinck Koen , Eeckhout Mia , De Meulenaer Bruno , Van Bockstaele Filip 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChemical composition, granular morphology and pasting properties of native starch extracted from tubers of Plectranthus edulis were analyzed. Starch was extracted from tubers of 6 accessions collected from 4 different areas in Ethiopia. Particle size analysis (PSA) and cryo‐scanning electron microscope (cryo‐SEM) imaging were used to examine the granular morphology and visualize the starch paste, respectively. Pasting properties, water absorption, and gelation capacity were compared. A wide range was found for the amylose (14.2% to 23.9%), calcium (216 to 599), potassium (131 to 878), and phosphorus (1337 to 2090) contents (parts per million per dry matter). PSA showed a bimodal distribution containing small spherical (14.6 μm) and large ellipse‐shaped (190.4 μm) granules. Major differences were found for the pasting with peak viscosities differing from 3184 to 7312 mPa⋅s. Starch from accessions Chencha and Inuka showed a difference in packing density as clearly seen through cryo‐SEM image at 75% of the peak viscosity (PV), and the granular integrity was mainly responsible for the significant difference in their PV and breakdown. Principal component analysis revealed 2 distinct groups: native starch extracted from accessions at the Wolayta zone (Inuka, Lofua, and Chenqoua) and other accessions (Jarmet, Arjo white, and Chencha). The study revealed the potential of P. edulis starch for its application in food industries. However, the inherent variation due to environmental conditions on physicochemical properties of the starch needs further investigation.Practical ApplicationPlectranthus edulis is cultivated in considerable amounts throughout Ethiopia, which makes it a valuable starch source. Due to its low tendency to retrograde, it could be applied in food industry as an equivalent for the current starch sources. Moreover, the low amylose content makes it preferable for an application in refrigerated foods as this unique quality trait prevents syneresis in end products during storage. Based on the significantly higher pasting temperature of the studied P. edulis starch extracts, it can form an alternative for potato starch, which is less suitable for its use in pasteurized foods.
Polar solar panels: Arctic and Antarctic microbiomes display similar taxonomic profiles
Authors: Tanner Kristie , Martí Jose Manuel , Belliure Josabel , Fernández‐Méndez Mar , Molina‐Menor Esther , Peretó Juli , Porcar Manuel 
Published: December 2017

SummarySolar panels located on high (Arctic and Antarctic) latitudes combine the harshness of the climate with that of the solar exposure. We report here that these polar solar panels are inhabited by similar microbial communities in taxonomic terms, dominated by Hymenobacter spp., Sphingomonas spp. and Ascomycota. Our results suggest that solar panels, even on high latitudes, can shape a microbial ecosystem adapted to irradiation and desiccation.
Combating Slavery, Forced Labour and Human Trafficking. Are Current International, European and National Instruments Working?
Authors: Marx Axel , Wouters Jan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAll throughout history, slavery has been a constant and a key factor in economic development. Also for many centuries slavery and forced labour was legal. Only from the beginning of the 20th century onwards slavery became illegal and criminalized. Many international commitments were made to address the issue of forced labour and slavery. However, despite these international legislative efforts slavery, forced labour and human trafficking still persist today. New regulatory instruments have been developed in recent years to further enforce these international commitments. These instruments aim to force private and public actors to comply with the international conventions. Little is known about their effectiveness. Do these initiatives have any impact? This special section seeks answers to this question by analysing different instruments and their implementation.
Fragments of an early Islamic Arabic papyrus from Khirbet Hamrā Ifdān
Authors: Friedman Hannah , Vorderstrasse Tasha , Mairs Rachel , Adams Russell 
Published: December 2017

AbstractExcavations in 2013 at the site of Khirbet Hamrā Ifdān in the Faynān revealed several pieces of an Arabic papyrus, the first ever found in Jordan. Although the papyrus is poorly preserved, a detailed analysis of the fragments based on parallels have suggested that it dates to the late seventh/early–mid‐eighth century AD. This article discusses the papyrus fragments and places them within their papyrological and archaeological contexts.
A whole genome sequence association study for puberty in a large Duroc × Erhualian F2 population
Authors: Xin W. S. , Zhang F. , Yan G. R. , Xu W. W. , Xiao S. J. , Zhang Z. Y. , Huang L. S. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryA large proportion of gilts and sows are culled from reproduction populations because of anestrus and pubertal reproductive failure. Selecting early onset of puberty gilts has a favorable effect on sows’ reproductivity. However, age at puberty is hard to be routinely measured in commercial herds. With molecular genetic predictors, identifying individuals that have a propensity for early onset of puberty can be simplified. We previously performed genome scanning and a genome‐wide association study for puberty in an F2 resource population using 183 microsatellites and 62 125 SNPs respectively. The detection power and resolution of identified quantitative trait loci were very low. Herein, we re‐sequenced 19 founders of the F2 resource population in high coverage, and whole genome sequences of F2 individuals were imputed to perform an association study for reproductive traits. A total of 2339 SNPs associated with pubertal reproductive failure were identified in the region of 30.94–40.74 Mb on SSC7, with the top one, positioned at 33.36 Mb, explaining 16% of the phenotypic variances. We improved the magnitude of the P‐value by 10E+5 to 10E+7 using the whole genome sequence rather than using low/middle density markers as in previous studies, and we narrowed down the QTL confidence interval to 5.25 Mb. Combining the annotation of gene function, RAB23 and BAK1 were perceived as the most compelling candidate genes. The identified loci may be useful in culling sows failing to show estrus by marker‐assisted selection to increase reproductive efficiency of swine herds.
Radical gastric cancer surgery results in widespread upregulation of pro‐tumourigenic intraperitoneal cytokines
Authors: Long Andrew J. , Burton Paul R. , De Veer Michael J. , Ooi Geraldine J. , Laurie Cheryl P. , Nottle Peter D. , Watt Matthew J. , Brown Wendy A. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundRadical surgical resection is the mainstay of curative treatment for oesophagogastric malignancy. However, survival and recurrence rates remain poor. Theoretical data suggests that the inflammatory response to surgery can promote tumour recurrence. The local and systemic inflammatory response to radical oesophagogastric cancer surgery has not been fully characterized. We aimed to measure this response, particularly factors associated with tumour implantation.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing radical junctional or gastric cancer resection over 12 months were recruited. Repeated serum and adipose tissue were collected intra‐operatively. Adipose tissue was collected adjacent and remote to the tumour, and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was measured. Post‐operatively, daily serum was collected for 7 days, and analysed for inflammatory cell profile and cytokine concentration.ResultsThere were nine patients recruited (67.1 ± 2.1 years). mRNA expression of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), CC‐chemokine ligand‐2 and IL‐1β increased in adipose tissue intra‐operatively (P < 0.05), equally both adjacent and remote from the tumour site. Serum IL‐6 concentration increased from 23.3 pg/mL to 161.8 pg/mL intra‐operatively (P < 0.05) before falling steadily to 35.7 pg/mL post‐operatively (P < 0.05). Serum tumour necrosis factor‐α was elevated throughout, and IL‐1β levels were unaffected. Leukocyte and neutrophil populations increased, while T‐cell and dendritic cell populations decreased intra‐operatively (P < 0.05).ConclusionRadical surgery dramatically upregulates the expression of pro‐tumourigenic cytokines in the peritoneum. There is also a marked systemic immune and inflammatory response to surgery, including downregulation of T‐cell and dendritic cell populations. This offers two potential pathways that may facilitate tumour progression – local inflammation promoting peritoneal adherence and implantation, and secondary suppression of immunosurveillance due to circulating inflammatory response.
Cohort studies in the context of obstetric and gynecologic research: a methodologic overview
Authors: Messerlian Carmen , Basso Olga 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObservational cohort studies represent one of the most powerful designs in epidemiology. They are also the basis of evidence in many areas of obstetric and gynecologic research, given that randomization of women, couples or pregnancies is often impossible or unethical. Indeed, well‐conceived cohort studies have led to a better understanding of many important clinical and public health questions over time, including the impact of different exposures on perinatal and pediatric outcomes in pregnant women and their children. In this paper, we describe the main features, challenges, and limitations of cohort studies in the context of obstetric and gynecologic research. As with all epidemiologic studies, cohort studies present numerous challenges and are vulnerable to bias. However, as we describe throughout this review, careful design – from formulating the study question to planning statistical analysis – can reduce the potential for bias. When possible, we also provide examples from the gynecological and obstetrical literature to illustrate the epidemiological challenge and suggest specific readings.
A comparative study found that a seven‐year school‐based exercise programme increased physical activity levels in both sexes
Authors: Cronholm Felix , Rosengren Björn E. , Karlsson Caroline , Karlsson Magnus K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThis study assessed whether a Swedish school‐based exercise intervention programme could increase total physical activity.MethodsWe followed up 228 children who started school in 1998–2000 seven years later, when they had reached a mean age of 14.8. The 152 children (59% boys) at the intervention school did 200 minutes of physical education per week during that period, and the 76 children (50% boys) in the three control schools did the standard 60 minutes. Questionnaires assessed the durations of total and leisure‐time physical activity and screen‐time activity at baseline and after five and seven years.ResultsPhysical activity and screen‐time activity were similar between the two groups before the study started. The intervention group then achieved higher durations of total physical activity than the controls (p < 0.001) and these levels remained in the sex‐specific evaluations. There were no differences between the groups in the durations of leisure‐time activity (p 0.08–0.77) or screen‐time activity (p 0.31–0.91).ConclusionA school‐based exercise intervention programme increased the total duration of physical activity in both sexes without any compensatory increase in screen‐time activity. The findings contradict the activity‐stat theory, which stated that the duration of physical activity in children is constant.
Characterization of CD45RO+ memory T lymphocytes in keloid disease
Authors: Chen Z. , Zhou L. , Won T. , Gao Z. , Wu X. , Lu L. 
Published: December 2017

Summary

Background
Memory T cells, a highly effective subset of T lymphocytes, have been reported to be involved in many inflammatory skin disorders. However, the potential role of memory T cells in keloid disease (KD) remains unclear.

Objectives
Due to their important role in regulating inflammation, we investigated the characteristics of CD45RO+ memory T cells in KD.

Methods
Primary cutaneous cells were isolated from keloid scars and normal skin by enzymic digestion. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from a related blood sample, and flow cytometry was applied to identify the phenotypic and functional abnormalities of memory T cells in KD.

Results
We observed that the majority of T lymphocytes in keloid scars had the memory phenotype, and a greater number of the CD8+ memory T cells in keloid scars produced lower levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. This abnormal cytokine production was even more distinct in Forkhead box (FOX)P3− CD8− memory T cells, with lower TNF-α production and enhanced interferon-γ production. Furthermore, FOXP3+ CD8− memory T cells in keloid scars were abnormal, including showing reduced CD25 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 expression and interleukin-10 production. In addition, a significant decrease in the number of CD4+ CD25high FOXP3+ regulatory T cells was identified in patients with multiple keloid scars. We also found that there was significantly increased infiltration of CD103+ CD8+ memory T cells in keloid scars.

Conclusions
Our findings preliminarily elucidate the abnormalities of CD45RO+ memory T cells in keloid scars and provide early evidence that a disrupted T-cell response contributes to the progression of KD.
Can EconJobMarket help Canadian universities?
Authors: Nguyen Kim , Peters Michael , Poitevin Michel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe analyze the academic matching market by considering a simple model in which applicants who face an application cost strategically choose portfolios of applications. Universities then play a decentralized offer game in which unaccepted offers result in failure to trade on both sides of the market. We characterize a basic equilibrium to illustrate the sorting role that application costs play. In a numeric example, we illustrate how reduced application costs can result in increased matching frictions.
Canadian governance in transition: Multilevel governance in the digital era
Authors: Cargnello Davide P. , Flumian Maryantonett 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWhile the digital revolution has created new pressures and tensions for governing institutions in Canada, a broad discussion of the evolution of the Canadian Westminster governance ecosystem has yet to occur in earnest. The article seeks to contribute to such a discussion. We identify three related trends shaping the Canadian governance context: the rise of digital culture, the disintermediation of traditional authorities, and the increasingly distributed nature of governance. We then draw on scholarly literature surrounding “multilevel governance” to help contextualize these trends, and identify key tensions and needs related to the increasingly pressing imperative to develop a “made‐in‐Canada” governance approach that is well attuned to the needs of the digital era. We conclude by suggesting that such an approach will require a new style of leadership, one that privileges agility and resilience and that is issue‐based and outcome‐focused, rather than constrained by jurisdictional silos or narrowly conceived institutional mandates.
Accountability and monitoring government in the digital era: Promise, realism and research for digital‐era governance
Authors: Lindquist Evert A. , Huse Irene 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFurthering the accountability of elected governments and the public administration apparatus which serves them is a fundamental principle of democratic societies. Over the last fifty years, there have been significant debates about how to operationalize and balance the principles of accountability in our federal governance system. The emergence and proliferation of Web 2.0 capabilities and advocates for their use in government has led to new rounds of experimentation, initiatives and reform under the banner of Government 2.0 in many jurisdictions. This article surveys the Canadian and international literature on accountability in the digital era, including contributions from scholars with interests in information technology, transparency and digital culture, to identify whether Canada is lagging or leading international contributions in this area. It sets out a research agenda inspired by the concepts of interactive, dynamic, and citizen‐initiated accountability (Schillemans, Van Twist, and Vanhommerig).