bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental effects of stimulus gender and the social context in which it appears on threat detection
Authors: Horovitz Omer , Lindenfeld Irit , Melamed Maya , Shechner Tomer 
Published: December 2017

This study used a hands‐free eye‐tracking visual search (VS) task to examine possible developmental differences in target detection. Thirty‐two young adults and 27 youth were asked to detect a fearful face (male or female) among a crowd of either neutral or happy faces. Fearful male faces were detected faster than fearful female faces, but only by young adults and only when displayed among neutral faces. Additionally, young adults had shorter scanpath lengths prior to the target detection. Finally, a strong negative correlation emerged between age and detection speed for a male target in a neutral crowd. Using this age‐matched VS task, the study found age differences in the way individuals detect a threat in a social‐related contextual environment, pointing to subtle differences in the emotion–attention interplay during the course of development.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Visual search of threat detection is critical for survival, specifically regarding expressive faces.

Visual search efficiency is affected by both stimulus‐driven and higher goal‐directed processes.

Stimuli and contextual features affect threat speed detection.

What does this study add?

A novel task was designed to examine age‐related differences in visual search.

Specific stimuli gender and contextual features yielded age‐related differences in threat detection.

The study further demonstrates the subtle developmental differences in attention–emotion interaction.
An exploration of the application and implementation of growth mindset principles within a primary school
Authors: Fraser Diana M. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundA growth mindset is a significant factor in the motivation and achievement of learners. Previous research has shown one‐off interventions do encourage growth mindset thinking but only improvements are only short‐lived. A sustainable and embedded approach may therefore be the only way to engender long‐term changes to an individual's mindset.AimsThis research explores the application and implementation of growth mindset approaches to teaching and learning within a primary school, aiming to identify the strengths of the application and implementation of the growth mindset principles as well as areas for improvement.SampleParticipants were the head teacher, five teachers, and 28 pupils at a primary school in Scotland.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with members of staff, focus groups were undertaken with the pupils, and six observations were undertaken across three different classes. The data were thematically analysed using an inductive approach.ResultsThe analysis of the data produced four overarching themes important to the implementation and application of growth mindset teaching and learning: embarking on the process; classroom culture and teaching; outside the classroom; and pupil approach to learning.ConclusionsAmong the strengths of the implementation was the collaborative approach that had been taken in the school and the understanding that staff had of the evidence base of growth mindset teaching and learning. Areas for development included the planning of the implementation such as the lack of a readiness assessment being undertaken.
Moving mathematics out of the classroom: Using mobile technology to enhance spontaneous focusing on quantitative relations
Authors: McMullen Jake , Hannula‐Sormunen Minna M. , Kainulainen Mikko , Kiili Kristian , Lehtinen Erno 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSpontaneous focusing on quantitative relations (SFOR) has been shown to be a strong predictor of rational number conceptual development in late primary school. The present study outlines an intervention program that examines the possibilities to enhance late primary school students' SFOR tendency. The intervention program harnessed mobile technology in order to allow students to explore and identify quantitative relations in their everyday environment, including situations outside of the classroom. A total of 38 thirteen‐year‐olds from two classrooms participated in the seven‐week long quasi‐experimental study. One classroom spent five lessons over five weeks participating in activities which involved uncovering, defining and describing multiplicative relations in their everyday surroundings. In comparison to a business‐as‐usual control group, results show the intervention to be successful in enhancing SFOR tendency. These results suggest that it is possible to utilize mobile technologies to enhance students' awareness of the possibilities to use quantitative relations as explicit targets of focusing and reasoning in nonexplicitly mathematical situations.
Effects of alendronate and alfacalcidol on bone in patients with myasthenia gravis initiating glucocorticoids treatment
Authors: Lv Fang , Guan Yuzhou , Ma Doudou , Xu Xiaojie , Song Yuwen , Li Lujiao , Jiang Yan , Wang Ou , Xia Weibo , Xing Xiaoping , Li Mei 
Published: December 2017

SummaryObjectiveGlucocorticoids (GCs) are the first‐line treatment for myasthenia gravis (MG) and act as long‐term immunosuppressants. However, GCs can induce osteoporosis and bone fractures. In this study, we evaluate the effects of oral alendronate and alfacalcidol, or alfacalcidol alone on the bone of Chinese patients with MG who will initiate treatment with GCs.Design and methodsA total of 75 patients were included in this 12‐month prospective, open‐label, single‐centre study. Patients with bone mineral density (BMD) T‐score less than −1.0 at baseline were treated with 70 mg of alendronate per week. Patients with BMD T‐score greater than −1.0 at baseline were included in the alfacalcidol‐alone group. Patients in two groups were treated with 0.25 μg of alfacalcidol every other day and 600 mg of calcium daily.ResultsAfter 12 months of treatment, the mean BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip increased by 3.4% (P = .002), 1.8% (P = .21) and 2.6% (P = .02), respectively, in alendronate group. In alfacalcidol‐alone group, the mean BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip decreased by 6.1%, 3.2% and 3.3%, respectively (all P < .001 vs baseline).ConclusionsWe demonstrated for the first time that treatment with alendronate combined with alfacalcidol significantly increased BMD, decreased bone turnover biomarker levels and reduced the occurrence of hypercalciuria in a large cohort of Chinese patients with MG who initiated treatment with glucocorticoids. However, treatment with alfacalcidol alone failed to prevent bone loss in patients with MG receiving glucocorticoid therapy.
Bethesda thyroid categories and family history of thyroid disease
Authors: Kust D. , Staničić J. , Mateša N. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryObjectiveThyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine‐related cancer worldwide. The aim of this article was to assess the relationship between thyroid diseases diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) and family history of thyroid disease.DesignThe study was conducted in a tertiary high‐volume thyroid cancer centre. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of a thyroid nodule detected on neck ultrasound for any reason was performed in all included patients.PatientsA total of 10 709 patients were included in the study.MeasurementsCorrelation of cytological findings classified according to the Bethesda system and family history was calculated using Fisher's exact test.ResultsThere were 2580 (24.09%) patients with non‐malignant thyroid diseases in the family and 198 (1.85%) patients who had a history of thyroid cancer in the family. A total of 2778 (25.94%) patients had positive family history of thyroid diseases, and 7931 (74.06%) patients had negative family history. In patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma in family history, the difference between those with benign (Bethesda 2) and malignant thyroid FNA diagnosis (Bethesda 6) was found to be statistically significant (P = .0432).ConclusionsFamily history plays a significant role in the development of thyroid cancer, and having first‐degree relatives with not only medullary, but also papillary thyroid cancer strongly predicts the risk of developing the malignant thyroid disease. In contrast, benign thyroid disorders in family history do not lead to the development of thyroid cancer.
Making a target work: Messages from a pilot of the 6‐month time limit on care proceedings in England
Authors: Beckett Chris , Dickens Jonathan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSince 2014, it has been a legal requirement in England and Wales for child care proceedings to be concluded, apart from “exceptional cases,” within 26 weeks. When this was first proposed, there were concerns that it might lead to poorer decision‐making or to delay being squeezed to either side of the court proceedings, before or afterwards. This paper reports on the messages from a pilot programme to hit the 26‐week target that took place in London in 2012–2013. The study compared the progress of the cases from the pilot year with those the year before, 180 cases in total, involving 256 children. The local authorities involved were able to achieve considerable improvements in timeliness, not just in the proceedings, but for the pre‐ and post‐court processes too; and the quality and fairness of decisions did not seem to be impaired, in terms of the plans for the children and subsequent outcomes over a period of 2 years. “Targets” do not generally find a warm welcome in the social work literature, but this paper shows that when collaboratively implemented, with a measure of flexibility and adequate resources, they can be an effective way of helping to achieve positive change.
Identifying a combined biomarker for bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Kim Ki‐Yeol , Zhang Xianglan , Cha In‐Ho 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundFor this study, the aim was to identify combined biomarkers associated with bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ).Materials and MethodsMicroarray data for GSE7116 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which contains 26 samples, including without ONJ, and 5 healthy volunteers. The combined biomarkers were identified using principal component analysis, and the pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID online tool.ResultsTwo hundred differently expressed genes between groups were detected according to the significances. From functional annotation, Y‐box binding protein 1 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C were found to be included in the most significant 10 pathways. Ten combined gene sets were identified that were effective in classifying multiple myeloma (MM) with ONJ and MM without ONJ.ConclusionIdentifying combined gene expression profiles is expected to contribute to more personalized management of BRONJ and to improve existing therapies, and it will be helpful in finding new therapies by identifying more predictive biomarkers.
The effect of resorbable membranes on one‐stage ridge augmentation in anterior single‐tooth replacement: A randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Jonker Brend P. , Wolvius Eppo B. , van der Tas Justin T. , Pijpe Justin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of resorbable membranes on one‐stage ridge augmentation procedures in small (2‐4 mm) buccal bony dehiscences in anterior maxillary single‐tooth replacement.Materials and methodsPatients with a buccal bony dehiscence after implant placement in the esthetic zone were randomly allocated to one‐stage ridge augmentation with (M+) or without a membrane (M−). Second‐phase surgery was performed after 8 weeks, and follow‐up was performed 1, 6, and ≥12 months after loading. Outcomes included implant survival and success, complications, clinical and radiographic parameters, esthetic results and patient satisfaction.ResultsFifty‐two patients were randomized to one‐stage ridge augmentation with (n = 25) or without use of a membrane (n = 27). No significant differences in implant survival and success have been observed. The risk of having a small mucosal dehiscence was more than six times higher in the M+ group than in the M− group (RR 6.24, 95% CI 0.81 to 48.21). At the last follow‐up, the bleeding index (BI) was marginally higher in the M+ group (14/9/2/0) compared to the M‐ group (24/2/0/0) (U = 205, Z = −2.97, p = .003, r = .42). The median change in marginal bone level was statistically lower in the M+ group (0.06 mm) than the M− group (0.60 mm) at last follow‐up (U = 120, Z = −2.73 a p = .006 r = .42). Total pink esthetic index (PES) and white esthetic score (WES) and combined PES/WES were not significantly different between treatment groups at more than 12 months after loading. Only the subcategory root convexity/soft tissue color scored significantly lower in the M+ group (1.5) compared to the M− group (2.0) at the last follow‐up (U = 172, Z = −2.34, p = .019 r = .34). No differences were found in patient satisfaction.ConclusionThe use of a resorbable membrane in small buccal bony dehiscences in anterior maxillary single‐tooth replacement resulted in less marginal bone loss, but showed more mucosal dehiscences, higher bleeding scores and lower scores on root convexity and soft tissue color after at least one year of loading. No effect was seen on implant survival and success, overall esthetic results, and patient satisfaction.The research protocol was registered at the Dutch Trial Register (NTR) with ID NTR6137.
Bromeliads provide shelter against fire to mutualistic spiders in a fire‐prone landscape
Authors: DE OMENA PAULA M. , KERSCH‐BECKER MÔNICA F. , ANTIQUEIRA PABLO A. P. , BERNABÉ TIAGO N. , BENAVIDES‐GORDILLO SANDRA , RECALDE FÁTIMA C. , VIEIRA CAMILA , MIGLIORINI GUSTAVO H. , ROMERO GUSTAVO Q. 
Published: December 2017

1. A key challenge in the study of mutualistic interactions is understanding sources of variation that strengthen or weaken these interactions. In spider–plant mutualisms, spiders benefit plants by improving plant nutrition and protecting plants from herbivory. Although the benefits of plants to spider growth and survival are often claimed, they are rarely demonstrated.2. In this study, empirical evidence is provided that bromeliads (Bromelia balansae, Bromeliaceae) are essential for the resilience of the mutualistic bromeliad‐living jumping spider populations (Psecas chapoda, Salticidae) after a fire event, sheltering spiders from the heat of the flames.3. Spider populations were compared before and after a natural fire event and it was shown that spiders of different ages survived the fire. The survival of such individuals allowed the population of P. chapoda spiders to recover rapidly, returning to pre‐fire levels in 5 months.4. Bromeliads reduced the susceptibility of P. chapoda spiders to burning, and this mutualistic relationship contributed to the resilience of the spider population after a fire event. It is suggested that frequent fires in fire‐prone landscapes may have strengthened this spider–plant relationship, contributing to the maintenance and evolution of this association.
Clinical audit training improves undergraduates’ performance in root canal therapy
Authors: Fong J. Y. M. , Tan V. J. H. , Lee J. R. , Tong Z. G. M. , Foong Y. K. , Tan J. M. E. , Parolia A. , Pau A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of clinical audit‐feedback cycle as an educational tool in improving the technical quality of root canal therapy (RCT) and compliance with record keeping performed by dental undergraduates.MethodsClinical audit learning was introduced in Year 3 of a 5‐year curriculum for dental undergraduates. During classroom activities, students were briefed on clinical audit, selected their audit topics in groups of 5 or 6 students, and prepared and presented their audit protocols. One chosen topic was RCT, in which 3 different cohorts of Year 3 students conducted retrospective audits of patients’ records in 2012, 2014 and 2015 for their compliance with recommended record keeping criteria and their performance in RCT. Students were trained by and calibrated against an endodontist (κ ≥ 0.8). After each audit, the findings were reported in class, and recommendations were made for improvement in performance of RCT and record keeping. Students’ compliance with published guidelines was presented and their RCT performances in each year were compared using the chi‐square test.ResultsOverall compliance with of record keeping guidelines was 44.1% in 2012, 79.6% in 2014 and 94.6% in 2015 (P = .001). In the 2012 audit, acceptable extension, condensation and the absence of mishap were observed in 72.4, 75.7% and 91.5%; in the 2014 audit, 95.1%, 64.8% and 51.4%; and in 2015 audit, 96.4%, 82.1% and 92.8% of cases, respectively. In 2015, 76.8% of root canal fillings met all 3 technical quality criteria when compared to 48.6% in 2014 and 44.7% in 2012 (P = .001).ConclusionClinical audit‐feedback cycle is an effective educational tool for improving dental undergraduates’ compliance with record keeping and performance in the technical quality of RCT.
Arsenic trioxide at conventional dosage does not aggravate hemorrhage in the first‐line treatment of adult acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Cui Wen , Wang Jin , Nie Rui‐Min , Zhao Ling‐Ling , Gao Meng‐Qing , Zhu Hong‐Ming , Chen Li , Hu Jiong , Li Jun‐Min , Shen Zhi‐Xiang , Wang Zhen‐Yi , Chen Sai‐Juan , Chen Zhu , Wang Kan‐Kan , Xi Xiao‐Dong , Mi Jian‐Qing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe arsenic trioxide (ATO) plus all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy has demonstrated a tremendous success in the first‐line treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Actually, early death (ED) is currently thought as a major challenge in APL. ATO has been reported to inhibit platelet function in vitro, and whether it increases the ED rate by exacerbating the hemorrhagic symptoms remains to be investigated.MethodsEffects of ATO on platelet aggregation and adhesion were evaluated in vitro and in thirty‐two complete remission (CR) and four newly diagnosed APL patients. Furthermore, concentrations of plasma total arsenic were monitored in APL patients via ICP‐MS.ResultsThe inhibition of platelet function, either aggregation or adhesion, did occur in vitro when the concentration of ATO reached 2 μmol/L. However, in CR APL patients receiving ATO with normal platelet count, the platelets responded normally when being activated and so did those in the newly diagnosed patients with thrombocytopenia. Our data further showed that the conventional dosage of ATO reached a plasma concentration substantially below the required concentration to inhibit platelets.ConclusionsIn the first‐line treatment of APL, the use of ATO is safe and effective and does not compromise the hemostatic potential that may eventually increase ED rate.
Visual attention to motion stimuli and its neural correlates in cannabis users
Authors: Mikulskaya Elena , Martin Frances 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAttention to motion stimuli and correct motion perception are vital for road safety. Although cannabis use has been associated with increased road crash risks, there is limited research on attentional processing of moving stimuli in cannabis users. This study investigated the neural correlates of the three‐stimulus oddball task in cannabis users (n = 18) and non‐users (n = 23) in response to moving stimuli. Stimulus contrast was under 16% against a low luminance background (M luminance < 16 cd/m2). The two groups did not differ in accuracy or in N2 peak amplitude; however, N2 latency was longer for target and standard stimuli in the cannabis group than in the control group. The cannabis group also showed a significantly reduced P3b amplitude in response to target stimuli. The AUDIT score was added as a random factor to the anova to rule out the effects of uneven alcohol consumption in the two groups. A significant group effect was found for N2 latency in response to target and standard stimuli and a significant interaction between the group, and the AUDIT score was found for the P3b peak amplitude for the distractor and standard stimuli, but not for the target stimuli. The results of this study suggest that cannabis use relates to reduced neural activity underlying attention to motion stimuli. Implications for regular early‐onset cannabis use road safety are discussed.
The use of a replanted riparian habitat by the Lumholtz's Tree‐kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi)
Authors: Heise‐Pavlov Sigrid , Rhinier Jaqueline , Burchill Simon 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis study describes the use of a section of a replanted riparian wildlife corridor by Lumholtz's Tree‐kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) (referred to here as LTK) on the Atherton Tablelands in north‐east Queensland, Australia. Selection of plants for replanting had been adjusted to the seasonally inundated clay‐rich and acid soils of the site, and, in some cases, with the aim to establish wind breaks which resulted in a plant composition of this section that differs from known LTK habitats. Through semi‐regular daily observations of individual LTKs over eight years, it was found that LTKs were most commonly recorded on Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys), Rose Gum (E. grandis), Caribbean Pine (Pinus caribaea) and Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) which were planted as wind breaks in the 1950s and 1980s. On a section planted in 1998, it was found that LTKs used certain tree species more frequently than would have been expected from the relative number in which these species had been planted. This may be associated with certain structural features of the used tree species. The presence of these structural habitat features may allow LTKs to establish home ranges within the restored habitat. Home ranges were calculated for four females, and it was found that they did not differ in size from those reported from other LTK habitats. However, home ranges showed extensive overlaps. The study reveals that LTK will colonise replanted habitat and may be adaptable in its spatial requirements in a restored landscape.