bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Candomblé é a África”. Esquecimento e Utopia no Candomblé jeje-nagô (“Candomblé is Africa”. Forgetfulness and Utopia in the Candomblé jeje-nagô)
Authors: Dias João Ferreira 
Published: July 2016

<strong><strong> </strong></strong><p>O Candomblé jeje-nagô estabeleceu-se na Bahia nos finais do século XIX e primeiros anos do século XX, durante o período final da trata de escravos oriundos da chamada Costa dos Escravos. Diante de um novo contexto cultural e regional, que era a Bahia de então, os escravos das cidades yorùbá e ewe-fon, muitos dos quais representando grupos étnicos/reinos rivais, forjaram uma nova realidade religiosa, a partir das memórias partilhadas e das similitudes culturais e, bem assim, colhendo contributos a outros grupos étnicos africanos e ao catolicismo popular. Este texto foca a problemática do esquecimento em termos: das diferenças étnicas e políticas nos episódios fundacionais do Candomblé, não obstante a diversidade das suas nações (ficcionais); da escravatura como um processo de reconfiguração identitária que conduziu a uma espécie de amnésia causada pelo traumático desenraizamento/exílio forçado; da agência masculina. De igual modo, está em análise a complexa utopia da fundação do Candomblé como uma religião de continuidade com a África e de realeza africana, numa mistura entre “passado mítico” e “lar imaginado”, narrativa que curiosamente esquece o processo crioulo de descontinuidade e “adaptação criativa”, visível nos aspetos estéticos do ritual.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The jeje-nagô Candomblé was established in Bahia between 19th century and the early years of 20th, during the last days of slave trade, from the so-called “Slaves Coast”. In a new cultural and regional environment – which was Bahia in those days –, African slaves from Yorùbá and Ewe-Fon towns, many of them representing rival ethnic groups/kingdoms, forged a new religious framework using shared memories and cultural similitudes, and collected pieces from other African groups and Portuguese Catholicism. This text focuses the oblivion of: ethnic and political differences in Candomblé foundational moments, despite it (fictional) “nations”; slavery as a process of identity reconfiguration that led to a sort of Amnesia caused by the uprooting trauma/forced exile; male agency; and the complex utopia of Candomblé as a religion of continuity to Africa and African royalty, in a mixture of “mythical past” and “imagined homeland”, which curiously forget the creole process of discontinuity and “creative adaptation”, visible in ritual aesthetic aspects.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Ethnicity. Amnesia. Candomblé. Identity.</p><p> </p>
Analysis of solar thermal systems and future development possibilities in Lithuania
Authors: Valančius Rokas , Jurelionis Andrius , Vaičiūnas Juozas , Perednis Eugenijus , Šuksteris Vykintas 
Published: July 2016

Solar thermal systems with a total solar panel area varying from 2 to 204 m2 have been installed in Lithuania for over 20 years. The reviewed solar thermal domestic hot water systems in Lithuania produce up to 528 kWh per year per one square meter of solar collector absorber area. However, the performance of these systems varies depending on the type of energy users, equipment and design of the systems, as well as their maintenance. The aim of this paper was to analyse solar thermal systems from the perspective of energy production and economic benefit as well as to outline the differences of their actual performance compared to the numerical simulation results. A number of different solar thermal systems in Lithuania were selected for the analysis varying both in equipment used (flat type solar collectors, evacuated tube collectors) and type of energy user (domestic hot water heating, swimming pool, district heating). The simulation software Polysun 8.1 was used for evaluation of solar thermal system performance, as well as financial analysis of alternatives of these systems. The results of the analysis showed that in the analysed cases the gap between measured and modelled data of heat energy produced by solar thermal systems was up to approximately 11%. The calculation of internal rate of return showed that a grant is required in most cases for solar thermal projects to be fully profitable.
Investigation of fluid flow structure in open type cavity under stationary and pulsatile flow conditions
Authors: Vilkinis Paulius , Valantinavičius Mantas , Pedišius Nerijus 
Published: July 2016

A study of fluid flow in structured channels plays an important role in solving most fluid dynamics problems. The knowledge of the flow structure in separate cavities can be used to intensify mixing in microreactors and microelectrochemical systems (MEMS) as well as to increase heat transfer in heat sinks. Besides, knowledge about fluid flow in micro cavities could be useful to mitigate the symptoms of aneurysms. In this study, a 2D micro-particle image velocimetry (µPIV) system was used to investigate water flow in an open-type microcavity located in a straight, square cross-section (0.5 × 0.5 mm2) microchannel. Two identical micro cavities of the same cross-section as the main channel and the depth of 1 mm are oppositely located in the middle part of the channel. Because of symmetry, the flow structure of the primary vortex was investigated in only one cavity. Measurements were carried out in different planes over the entire height of the cavity at Reynolds number in the range from 100 to 3000. The flow in the channel was stationary and pulsating. Results indicate that flow in the cavity is three-dimensional. This is confirmed by velocity profile shape changes in its different transversal planes. In addition, it is determined that flow structure in the cavity depends on flow regime and flow pulsation characteristics. Velocity distribution shows that in the transverse direction there is the minimum velocity zone corresponding to the centre of the primary vortex generated by the channel flow, also the same zone is observed along the cavity in its axial plane. At low Re, such velocity distribution occurs in pulsating flow earlier than in the case of stationary flow. With increasing Re, velocity distribution in pulsating flow flattens out also more. It means that disturbed flow in the channel accelerates the formation of a stable flow structure in the cavity.
Frequency regulation with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) option in multi-generation power network
Authors: Mathur Hitesh Dutt , Bhateshvar Yogesh Krishan 
Published: July 2016

In a smart grid scenario, penetration of large scale renewable energy sources is increasing rapidly. Even at global level, serious discussions are being done to reduce carbon emission. In order to achieve this goal of cleaner and greener environment for newer generations, fossil fuel based vehicles are being replaced with electric vehicles. This concept of having more electric vehicles will not only control pollution level but also supply electrical power back to the grid when have surplus power stored. It is going to be a win-win situation for both consumers and the grid. The concept termed as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) is explored for frequency regulation aspect in a multi-generation power network in this paper. When established automatic generation control (AGC) in interconnected power system is not sufficient to manage balance between demand and supply, vehicle energy storage is considered a viable option for a shortterm active power support in order to bring frequency back to normal. In energy storage possibilities, super conducting magnetic energy storage, ultra-capacitor, etc. are primarily discussed. This paper focuses on an integrated model of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and wind power as alternatives to supply instant power to regulate frequency when the system is subjected to sudden perturbation. APSO (adaptive particle swarm optimization) optimized fuzzy logic controller is used to intelligently suppress frequency and tie-line power oscillations. Results obtained are comprehensively presented and discussed in achieving power-frequency balance. MATLAB/Simulink is used for the simulation purpose.
Os benefícios da fisioterapia neurofuncional em pacientes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica: revisão sistemática
Authors: Guimarães Maria Talita Dos Santos , Vale Vanessa Donato do , Aoki Tsutomu 
Published: July 2016

A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa do sistema nervoso central (SNC) que acomete tanto o neurônio motor superior (NMS) quanto o neurônio motor inferior (NMI), causando fraqueza e diminuição progressiva das habilidades funcionais. Entre os profissionais de saúde existe um déficit de informações sobre os objetivos e benefícios da fisioterapia nesta população. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os resultados da fisioterapia neurofuncional em pacientes com ELA. Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, IBECS e PEDro, utilizando os seguintes descritores: esclerose lateral amiotrófica, espasticidade, força muscular, fadiga, fisioterapia, reabilitação, exercício e qualidade de vida. A busca resultou em dois artigos que tiveram seus resultados analisados, os dois avaliaram os resultados de um programa de exercícios domiciliares de intensidade moderada, associados ou não a outra conduta terapêutica. Os estudos encontrados apontaram menor deterioração na ALS Functional Rating Scale, e diminuição da espasticidade. Em conclusão, a fisioterapia neurofuncional mostrou-se eficaz na manutenção da funcionalidade de pacientes com ELA por tempo mais prolongado.
Constant and seasonal drivers of bird communities in a wind farm: implications for conservation
Authors: Rosin Zuzanna M. , Skórka Piotr , Szymański Paweł , Tobolka Marcin , Luczak Andrzej , Tryjanowski Piotr 
Published: July 2016

Background.One of the most difficult challenges for conservation biology is to reconcile growing human demands for resources with the rising need for protecting nature. Wind farms producing renewable energy have been recognised to be a threat for birds, but clear directives for environmental planning are still missing.Methods.Point counts were performed to study the relationship between eight environmental variables and bird populations in different parts of a year on the largest Polish wind farm between March 2011 and February 2013. Variables potentially related to species richness (Chao 1 estimator) and the abundance of the entire bird community as well as five selected farmland species were analysed with the use of generalized linear mixed models.Results.Some associations between the studied variables and bird populations were season/year specific, while others had a constant direction (positive or negative) across seasons and/or years. The latter were distance to the nearest turbine, field size, number of wind turbines, proximity of settlements and water bodies. Spatial autocorrelation and counting time were significantly correlated with bird population estimates but the directions of these relationships varied among seasons and years. Associations between abundance of individual species and environmental variables were species-specific.Conclusions.The results demonstrated a constant negative relationship between wind turbine proximity and bird numbers. Other environmental variables, such as field size, proximity of settlements and water bodies that also had constant associations with bird populations across seasons may be taken into account when minimizing adverse effects of wind farm development on birds or choosing optimal locations of new turbines.
Pleistocene phylogeography and cryptic diversity of a tiger beetle,Calomera littoralis, in North-Eastern Mediterranean and Pontic regions inferred from mitochondrial COI gene sequences
Authors: Jaskuła Radomir , Rewicz Tomasz , Płóciennik Mateusz , Grabowski Michał 
Published: July 2016

Background.Calomera littoralisis a Palearctic species, widely distributed in Europe; inhabiting predominantly its Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea coastlines.Methods.Its phylogeography on the Balkan Peninsula and on the north-western Black Sea coast was inferred using a 697 bp long portion of the mitochondrial COI gene, amplified from 169 individuals collected on 43 localities.Results.The results revealed two genetically divergent groups/lineages, the southern one inhabiting both the Balkan Peninsula and the Pontic Region and the northern one found exclusively in the Pontic Region. Species delimitation based on DNA barcoding gap suggested an interspecific level of divergence between these groups. Multivariate analysis of eight male and female morphometric traits detected no difference between the groups, implying they may represent cryptic species. The Bayesian time-calibrated reconstruction of phylogeny suggested that the lineages diverged ca. 2.3 Ma, in early Pleistocene.Discussion.The presence of the two genetically divergent groups results most likely from contemporary isolation of the Pontic basin from the Mediterranean that broke the continuous strip of coastal habitats inhabited byC. littoralis. Demographic analyses indicated that both lineages have been in demographic and spatial expansion since ca. 0.15 Ma. It coincides with the terminal stage of MIS-6, i.e., Wartanian/Saalian glaciation, and beginning of MIS-5e, i.e., Eemian interglacial, during which, due to eustatic sea level rise, a wide connection between Mediterranean and the Pontic basin was re-established. This, along with re-appearance of coastal habitats could initiate north-east expansion of the southern lineage and its secondary contact with the northern one. The isolation of the Pontic basin from the Mediterranean during the Weichselian glaciation most likely did not have any effect on their phylogeography.
Equivalent intraperitoneal doses of ibuprofen supplemented in drinking water or in diet: a behavioral and biochemical assay using antinociceptive and thromboxane inhibitory dose–response curves in mice
Authors: Salama Raghda A.M. , El Gayar Nesreen H. , Georgy Sonia S. , Hamza May 
Published: July 2016

Background.Ibuprofen is used chronically in different animal models of inflammation by administration in drinking water or in diet due to its short half-life. Though this practice has been used for years, ibuprofen doses were never assayed against parenteral dose–response curves. This study aims at identifying the equivalent intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of ibuprofen, when it is administered in drinking water or in diet.Methods.Bioassays were performed using formalin test and incisional pain model for antinociceptive efficacy and serum TXB2for eicosanoid inhibitory activity. The dose–response curve of i.p. administered ibuprofen was constructed for each test using 50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The dose–response curves were constructed of phase 2a of the formalin test (the most sensitive phase to COX inhibitory agents), the area under the ‘change in mechanical threshold’-time curve in the incisional pain model and serum TXB2levels. The assayed ibuprofen concentrations administered in drinking water were 0.2, 0.35, 0.6 mg/ml and those administered in diet were 82, 263, 375 mg/kg diet.Results.The 3 concentrations applied in drinking water lay between 73.6 and 85.5 mg/kg b.w., i.p., in case of the formalin test; between 58.9 and 77.8 mg/kg b.w., i.p., in case of the incisional pain model; and between 71.8 and 125.8 mg/kg b.w., i.p., in case of serum TXB2levels. The 3 concentrations administered in diet lay between 67.6 and 83.8 mg/kg b.w., i.p., in case of the formalin test; between 52.7 and 68.6 mg/kg b.w., i.p., in case of the incisional pain model; and between 63.6 and 92.5 mg/kg b.w., i.p., in case of serum TXB2levels.Discussion.The increment in pharmacological effects of different doses of continuously administered ibuprofen in drinking water or diet do not parallel those of i.p. administered ibuprofen. It is therefore difficult to assume the equivalent parenteral daily doses based on mathematical calculations.
Neue Forschungen zum angelsächsischen Recht
Authors: Fruscione Daniela 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
New research on Anglo-Saxon law. The article reviews five works connected to Anglo-Saxon legislation in different fields of research. The material for Volume II of Wormald’s opus magnum existed in various stages of development when Wormald died in 2004 and it is a miscellaneous collection of papers and lectures, partly delivered at the University of Oxford by the author. Roach is connected to the teachings of Wormald as a historian of kingship; challenging old models, Roach focuses with comparative eyes on the role of assemblies in Anglo-Saxon England as an essential feature of kingship. An „unaccustomed point of view“ on early English law is also held by Jurasinki/Falk who offer the 1st complete edition of Theodor’s canons and by Jurasinski’s work on those penitentials which gave advice on matters of secular law. In doing this he discovers not only that the scribes who translated them from Latin recasted them into new rules intended to better suit the needs of English laypeople, but also how wrong it is to assume that only kings participated in the creation of Anglo-Saxon legal culture. A review of works on early English legislation cannot avoid the question of language of the legal sources. They were mostly written in the Anglo-Saxon vernacular rather than in Latin like the continental leges. Hough brings together historical and linguistic evidence and explores various aspects of the legal system of Anglo-Saxon England, focusing particularly on the interpretation of laws on the position of women in society.
Ergänzungen zu „Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters und ihre Handschriften“
Authors: Oppitz Ulrich-Dieter 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Addenda to „German medieval Law Books and their manuscripts“. This article presents newly discovered manuscripts and single leaves of German-language customary law books. It describes variations to the manuscripts and single leaves listed in U.-D. Oppitz, „Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters“, vol. II, Cologne 1990. A passage from the Erfurt Chronicle (1447) points at the importance of the Saxon mirror at court.
Verbrechen und Verfestung im Spiegel der Kulmer Gerichtsbücher
Authors: Willoweit Dietmar 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Crime and Ostracism in the medieval court records of Kulm. As a High Court (Oberhof) of the State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia, the town of Kulm on the Vistula was a center of Magdeburgian law in eastern Central Europe. The article discusses some aspects of criminal practice, which are provided by the recently edited court records of said city from the 14th through the 16th century. Primarily, they show the ostracisms (Verfestungen) of offenders on the run. Because they could be apprehended by anyone - not just the accuser -, the offenders were forced to either conclude a settlement with the victim or hand themselves in to the court. The court records give no information about offenders who had been seized and judged immediately after committing the crime (handhafte Tat). Therefore, albeit the sources contain interesting facts on the history of crime, they don’t allow a complete crime statistics of the town.
Zur Bedeutung der Reformation
Authors: Schmoeckel Mathias 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Importance of the Protestant Reformation: It might be difficult for some lawyers to accept the influence of theology on law, but in a Europe forged by the Christian faith its basic assumptions necessarily had an influence on law. The most important contribution of the Protestant Reformation may be its epistemology, which modernised European science and also its jurisprudence. With the end of the Church as the single institution establishing justice and truth, every single person had the opportunity to define what was just and equitable. This paper concentrates on the impact of the Protestant Reformation on international public law, which was conceived at Wittenberg in the 1530s as a device to impose rules between kings and states regardless of their confession. The hope of ameliorating international relations or even of establishing perpetual peace through law is an assumption, which we already find in Melanchthon’s writings. This relies on the optimistic premise that good rules explain how to behave correctly and that people can learn from the law. In the 20th century, children themselves became holders of the right to education, which demonstrates this confidence of the Protestant Reformation in our time.
Law and Protestantism in Denmark
Authors: Tamm Ditlev 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis contribution deals with the influence of the Reformation on the law in Denmark. The Reformation was basically a reform of the church, but it also affected the concept of law and state in general. In 1536, King Christian III dismissed the catholic bishops and withheld the property of the church. The king, as custos duarum tabularum, guardian of both the tablets of law, also took over the legislation for the church. Especially in subjects of morals and criminal law new principles and statutes were enacted. Copenhagen University was reformed into a protestant seminary even though the former faculties were maintained. For that task Johannes Bugenhagen was summoned who also drafted the new church ordinance of 1537. In marriage law protestant principles were introduced. A marriage order was established in 1582.
„Einheit und Einigung“ der Kirche, die „Mehrheit“ der Gläubigen und eine „ecclesia mathematica“ nach einigen neu edierten Texten des Nikolaus von Kues
Authors: Miethke Jürgen 
Published: July 2016

Abstract„Unity and Unification“ of the church, the „majority“ of believers and „ecclesia mathematica“ in the light of newly edited texts by Nikolaus of Cusa
Hinweise zur Geschichte der Präsumptionen
Authors: Schmoeckel Mathias 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAspects of the History of Presumptions. Modern research on medieval presumptions shows the role of canon law in the development of this highly artificial legal device. Presumptions may even be proof of a sophisticated jurisprudence. Without a dogmatic model in Roman law, the decretals started to collect presumptions and develop a doctrinal system of different sorts and grades. These collections not only led to famous works by Alciato, Menochius, and Mascardus; they also led to the recognition of inherent difficulties: A judicature based on a system of presumptions transfers prejudices into final verdicts. For this reason, presumptions lost their appeal to lawyers and even acquired a bad reputation, at least in some countries. To some extent, therefore, canon law rules and maxims still function today.
Using the Basilica
Authors: Jong Hylkje de 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhen working with the Groningen edition of the Basilica, it is necessary to apply the periodical divisions of Roman law (classical Roman law, Justinianic law, early and later Byzantine law) to the texts in order to make the differences in meaning, according to their historical background, better visible. Each historical context shows its own characteristics, for example in expressions and references. To interpret data from the Basilica correctly, one must also know how to collect all relevant fragments.