bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative management of patients with pituitary tumours
Authors: Abraham Mary 
Published: September 2016

AbstractManagement of pituitary tumours can be very challenging for the anaesthesiologist. These patients require a thorough pre-operative assessment in view of underlying endocrine disturbances, which could cause anatomic and physiological disturbances. This needs to be optimized prior to surgery and the anaesthetic technique planned accordingly. The main intraoperative problems that could be encountered by the anaesthesiologist are airway problems, haemodynamic disturbances and potential for bleeding during surgery. The postoperative concerns are related to the endocrine system and fluid and water balance and this needs to be monitored closely and managed appropriately. The advent of minimally invasive surgery along with neuroimaging has considerably decreased perioperative morbidity and mortality following pituitary surgery. A team approach and close coordination between the endocrinologist, neurosurgeon and anaesthesiologist is imperative for a favourable outcome in patients undergoing pituitary surgery.
Correlation of systolic pressure variation, pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation in different preload conditions following a single dose mannitol infusion in elective neurosurgical patients
Authors: Arimanickam Ganesamoorthi , Manikandan Sethuraman 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background: A Prospective observational study was designed assess the correlation between arterial pressure waveform derived indices and echocardiography derived stroke volume variation (SVV) at different preload conditions in patients undergoing elective craniotomies. Methods: Systolic pressure variation (SPV) and pulse pressure variation (PPV) were calculated from the arterial waveform. SVV was measured from transoesophageal echocardiography. After measuring baseline values for all three parameters, 1 g/kg of mannitol infusion (20%) was given over 15–20 min. Repeated measurements of SPV, PPV, SVV, urine output and peak airway pressure were done at the interval of 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after stopping mannitol infusion. Pearson correlation coefficient (level of significance), and receiver operating characteristics curve were used for statistical analysis. Results: Significant correlation was present between SPV and SVV throughout the study. Significant correlation between SPV and PPV was present only at 90 min and 2 h after mannitol. The predictive effect of SPV and PPV in differentiating a volume loss ≥10 mL/kg was better than SVV. The best cut-off values for SPV, PPV and SVV were 12%, 9% and 20%, respectively. Conclusions: During mechanical ventilation with a tidal volume of 8 mL/kg, SPV correlated significantly with SVV at different preload conditions following mannitol infusion. PPV correlated poorly with SVV. SPV and PPV correlated only in the presence of hypovolaemia.
Awareness of Glasgow Coma Scale in anaesthesiology post-graduates in India: A survey
Authors: Bansal Shikha , Chawla Rajiv 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a universal clinical means of quantifying the level of impaired consciousness. It has completed 40 years and has stood the test of time. The assessment is best when done by trained personnel. Anaesthesiologists often manage unconscious patients. Thus, they must be well versed with GCS. This survey aimed to assess the awareness of GCS in anaesthesiology post-graduates in India. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was carried out in 250 anaesthesiology post-graduates attending a refresher course in September 2014. Subjects and Methods: The questionnaire had 14 questions. Four questions were about the respondent, 5 questions on theoretical information and 5 questions on clinical scenarios. The available data were analysed using Epi Info. Results were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05. Results: Response was received from 174 students (response rate: 70%). Ninety percent of students felt that GCS is important in assessing unconscious patients, 94% students used GCS for unconscious patients. Fifty-eight percent of students have been formally trained in GCS. Mean of correct answers to theoretical questions was 3.98 ± 0.71. Mean of correct answers to clinical questions was 3.2 ± 1.24. Difference between the two means is 0.78. This difference is considered to be statistically significant with P < 0.0001. Conclusions: While the post-graduates are well versed with ‘theoretical aspects’ of GCS, they need to strengthen their skills on clinical application. Hence, there is a need for reinforcement of GCS training for anaesthesiology post-graduates.
Deep Brain Stimulation Utilizing Dexmedetomidine: A Clinical Report from the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Authors: Covington Derek , Degnan Meredith , Rodriguez-Blanco Yiliam , Choxi Ankeet , Prasad Rupa , Jagid Jonathan , Fuhrman Thomas 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an increasingly utilized technique to treat symptoms of neurological movement disorders, most commonly, Parkinson’s Disease. Patients and surgeons alike appreciate the minimally invasive nature of this procedure, as well as its reversibility. As these surgeries are being performed more often, it is becoming increasingly important to optimize our anesthetic management during these cases. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the DBS procedures that have been performed at our institution utilizing monitored anaesthesia care (MAC) via dexmedetomidine infusion to report on the frequency and type of perioperative complications as well as to assess the effectiveness of this technique. Results: A total of 150 patients and 174 lead placements were included in this study. Dexmedetomidine was the sole anaesthetic used in 85.6% of cases. The remaining cases used a combination of dexmedetomidine and adjuvant agents. A total of one perioperative complication was found in our series, resulting in a total complication rate percentage per patient of 0.6%.Conclusions: We found very few perioperative complications associated with the use of dexmedetomidine during these challenging cases. With its anxiolytic, sedative, and analgesic properties coupled with preservation of respiration and a short half-life, dexmedetomidine has ideal properties for DBS procedures.
Airtraq® aided tracheal intubation in a patient of Down’s syndrome with traumatic atlantoaxial dislocation
Authors: Siddiqi Obaid , Ali Shahna , Athar Manazir , Mahmood Asad 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDown’s syndrome is a genetic disorder that is associated with multiple congenital anomalies having great impact on anaesthetic management. Apart from this, it also predisposes the patient to the atlantoaxial dislocation making the management of airway a difficult task. In our case, the child already had traumatic atlantoaxial dislocation that further makes the successful airway management without progression of any neurological injury a challenge. Hereby, we report the successful management of an 8-year-old child with Down’s syndrome and traumatic atlantoaxial dislocation using Airtraq® optical laryngoscope.
De ontdekkingsreis
Authors: Van de Sande Esseline 
Published: September 2016

De Blinde Vlek
The most relevant part of a discussion is not what is discussed but what cannot be spoken of. The real taboos are those for which it is taboo to call them taboos. The status quo defines itself as non-ideological while denouncing any challenge to itself as radical.Therefore the column ‘De Blinde Vlek’ frames the framers, politicizes the status quo and articulates what is not heard of.
Betaling van koopprijs voor aandelen via de notariële kwaliteitsrekening: aandacht voor risico faillissement koper
Authors: van Drunen M.M.G.B. 
Published: September 2016

Betaling van koopprijs voor aandelen via de notariële kwaliteitsrekening: aandacht voor risico faillissement koper
Een faillissement van de koper bij een aandelentransactie kan ertoe leiden dat de curator de op de kwaliteitsrekening gestorte gelden van de notaris kan terugvorderen, waardoor het de notaris niet vrijstaat de koopprijs aan de verkoper uit te betalen. De auteur schetst een drietal oplossingen waarmee het faillissementsrisico kan worden ondervangen.
Effect of Comorbidities on Outcomes of Neurorehabilitation Interventions in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Fakolade Afolasade , Bisson Etienne J. , Pétrin Julie , Lamarre Julie , Finlayson Marcia 
Published: September 2016

Background: Interest in comorbidities has increased in the past few years, but the effect of comorbidities on outcomes of multiple sclerosis (MS) neurorehabilitation interventions is unclear. The aim of this review was to identify and summarize the existing evidence regarding the effect of comorbidities on outcomes of neurorehabilitation interventions targeting people with MS.
Methods: Five databases (Embase, MEDLINE through Ovid, PubMed Central, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science) were searched using index terms and keywords relating to MS and a wide range of rehabilitation interventions. Studies screened were limited to English-language randomized controlled trials. Information related to included and excluded comorbidities and how they were reported and described was extracted from the included studies.
Results: Fifty-four neurorehabilitation randomized controlled trials were included and were grouped into categories: robotics/technology-enhanced (n = 7), task-oriented training/neurorehabilitation principles (n = 7), electrical stimulation (n = 12), temperature regulation (n = 6), magnetic field therapy (n = 5), vibration (n = 9), and miscellaneous (n = 8). Although the issue of comorbidity was considered in 40 studies, it was limited to excluding individuals from participating in the trials. Only two studies reported on comorbidity, but neither examined the possible mediating or moderating effect of comorbidities on intervention outcomes.
Conclusions: This review documents important knowledge gaps about the effect of comorbidity on neurorehabilitation outcomes and identifies a critical need for future studies to address this issue. Without this information, we limit our understanding of the mechanisms of comorbidity and its effects on relevant clinical and research outcomes specific to neurorehabilitation.
Monolithic integration of Si-MOSFET and GaN-LED using Si/SiO2/GaN-LED wafer
Authors: Tsuchiyama Kazuaki , Yamane Keisuke , Utsunomiya Shu , Sekiguchi Hiroto , Okada Hiroshi , Wakahara Akihiro 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this report, we present a monolithic integration method for a Si-MOSFET and a GaN-LED onto a Si/SiO2/GaN-LED wafer as an elemental technology for monolithic optoelectronic integrated circuits. To enable a Si-MOSFET device process, we investigated the thermal tolerance of a thin top-Si and GaN-LED layer on a Si/SiO2/GaN-LED wafer. The high thermal tolerance of the Si/SiO2/GaN-LED structure allowed for the monolithic integration of a Si n-MOSFET and a GaN-µLED without degrading the performance of either device. A GaN-µLED driver circuit was fabricated using a Si n-MOSFET and a µLED of 30 × 30 µm2, with the modulation bandwidth of the circuit estimated to be over 10 MHz.
Driving nanocars and nanomachines at interfaces: From concept of nanoarchitectonics to actual use in world wide race and hand operation
Authors: Shirai Yasuhiro , Minami Kosuke , Nakanishi Waka , Yonamine Yusuke , Joachim Christian , Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Nanomachine and molecular machines are state-of-the-art objects in current physics and chemistry. The operation and manufacturing of nanosize machines are top-level technologies that we have desired to accomplish for a long time. There have been extensive attempts to design and synthesize nanomachines. In this paper, we review the these attempts using the concept of nanoarchitectonics toward the design, synthesis, and testing of molecular machinery, especially at interfacial media. In the first half of this review, various historical attempts to design and prepare nanomachines are introduced as well as their operation mechanisms from their basic principles. Furthermore, in order to emphasize the importance and possibilities of this research field, we also give examples of two new challenging topics in the second half of this review: (i) a world wide nanocar race and (ii) new modes of nanomachine operation on water. The nanocar race event involves actual use of nanomachines and will take place in the near future, and nanomachine operation of a dynamic fluidic interface will enable future advances in nanomachine science and technology.
Nanoionic devices: Interface nanoarchitechtonics for physical property tuning and enhancement
Authors: Tsuchiya Takashi , Terabe Kazuya , Yang Rui , Aono Masakazu 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Nanoionic devices have been developed to generate novel functions overcoming limitations of conventional materials synthesis and semiconductor technology. Various physical properties can be tuned and enhanced by local ion transport near the solid/solid interface. Two electronic carrier doping methods can be used to achieve extremely high-density electronic carriers: one is electrostatic carrier doping using an electric double layer (EDL); the other is electrochemical carrier doping using a redox reaction. Atomistic restructuring near the solid/solid interface driven by a DC voltage, namely, interface nanoarchitechtonics, has huge potential. For instance, the use of EDL enables high-density carrier doping in potential superconductors, which can hardly accept chemical doping, in order to achieve room-temperature superconductivity. Optical bandgap and photoluminescence can be controlled for various applications including smart windows and biosensors. In situ tuning of magnetic properties is promising for low-power-consumption spintronics. Synaptic plasticity in the human brain is achieved in neuromorphic devices.
The HOSPITAL score as a predictor of 30 day readmission in a retrospective study at a university affiliated community hospital
Authors: Robinson Robert 
Published: September 2016

IntroductionHospital readmissions are common, expensive, and a key target of the Medicare Value Based Purchasing (VBP) program. Risk assessment tools have been developed to identify patients at high risk of hospital readmission so they can be targeted for interventions aimed at reducing the rate of readmission. One such tool is the HOSPITAL score that uses seven readily available clinical variables to predict the risk of readmission within 30 days of discharge. The HOSPITAL score has been internationally validated in large academic medical centers. This study aims to determine if the HOSPITAL score is similarly useful in a moderate sized university affiliated hospital in the midwestern United States.Materials and MethodsAll adult medical patients discharged from the SIU-SOM Hospitalist service from Memorial Medical Center (MMC) from October 15, 2015 to March 16, 2016, were studied retrospectively to determine if the HOSPITAL score was a significant predictor of hospital readmission within 30 days.ResultsDuring the study period, 998 discharges were recorded for the hospitalist service. The analysis includes data for the 931 discharges. Patients who died during the hospital stay, were transferred to another hospital, or left against medical advice were excluded. Of these patients, 109 (12%) were readmitted to the same hospital within 30 days. The patients who were readmitted were more likely to have a length of stay greater than or equal to 5 days (55% vs. 41%,p= 0.005) and were more likely to have been admitted more than once to the hospital within the last year (100% vs. 49%,p< 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic evaluation of the HOSPITAL score for this patient population shows a C statistic of 0.77 (95% CI [0.73–0.81]), indicating good discrimination for hospital readmission. The Brier score for the HOSPITAL score in this setting was 0.10, indicating good overall performance. The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test shows aχ2value of 1.63 with apvalue of 0.20.DiscussionThis single center retrospective study indicates that the HOSPITAL score has good discriminatory ability to predict hospital readmissions within 30 days for a medical hospitalist service at a university-affiliated hospital. This data for all causes of hospital readmission is comparable to the discriminatory ability of the HOSPITAL score in the international validation study (C statistics of 0.72 vs. 0.77) conducted at considerably larger hospitals (975 average beds vs. 507 at MMC) for potentially avoidable hospital readmissions.ConclusionsThe internationally validated HOSPITAL score may be a useful tool in moderate sized community hospitals to identify patients at high risk of hospital readmission within 30 days. This easy to use scoring system using readily available data can be used as part of interventional strategies to reduce the rate of hospital readmission.
Contribution of new particle formation to the total aerosol concentration at the high‐altitude site Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl, Switzerland)
Authors: Tröstl Jasmin , Herrmann Erik , Frege Carla , Bianchi Federico , Molteni Ugo , Bukowiecki Nicolas , Hoyle Christopher R. , Steinbacher Martin , Weingartner Ernest , Dommen Josef , Gysel Martin , Baltensperger Urs 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPrevious modeling studies hypothesized that a large fraction of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is attributed to new particle formation (NPF) in the free troposphere. Despite the potential importance of this process, only few long‐term observations have been performed to date. Here we present the results of a 12 month campaign of NPF observations at the high‐altitude site Jungfraujoch (JFJ, 3580 m above sea level (asl)). Our results show that NPF significantly adds to the total aerosol concentration at the JFJ and only occurs via previous precursor entrainment from the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Freshly nucleated particles do not directly grow to CCN size (90 nm) within observable time scales (maximum 48 h). The contribution of NPF to the CCN concentration is low within this time frame compared to other sources, such as PBL entrainment of larger particles. A multistep growth mechanism is proposed which allows previously formed Aitken mode particles to add to the CCN concentration. A parametrization is derived to explain formation rates at the JFJ, showing that precursor concentration, PBL influence, and global radiation are the key factors controlling new particle formation at the site.
Dynamic triggering of small local earthquakes in the central Himalaya
Authors: Mendoza Manuel M. , Ghosh Abhijit , Rai Shyam S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe present the first observation of remote dynamic triggering of local microearthquakes in central Himalaya caused by the teleseismic waves from the 2007 Mw 8.5 Sumatra earthquake that occurs ~4500 km away. We find small local earthquakes in the Kumaon‐Garhwal Himalaya triggered by teleseismic long‐period surface waves. Interestingly, an elevated level of seismicity persists for a week or so after the arrival of the teleseismic waves. The teleseismic waves impart ~9 kPa of peak dynamic stresses, suggesting that the Himalayan faults in this area are sensitive to small stress changes. This heightened and protracted seismicity indicates that the transient dynamic stresses may have triggered secondary processes, such as slow slip, that may be responsible for the persistence of this earthquake sequence. The region is thought to be close to a large damaging earthquake in the near future. This study provides improved constraints on the factors controlling the earthquake cycle.
Comparison of auroral ionospheric and field‐aligned currents derived from Swarm and ground magnetic field measurements
Authors: Juusola L. , Kauristie K. , Vanhamäki H. , Aikio A. , van de Kamp M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDerivation of the auroral ionospheric currents from magnetic field measurements can produce drastically different results depending on the data and method used. We have cross tested several methods for obtaining instantaneous field‐aligned and horizontal currents from Swarm satellite and International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects (IMAGE) ground magnetic field measurements. We found that Swarm can yield latitude profiles of the east‐west component of the divergence‐free current density at most at ∼200 km resolution, typically resolving the electrojets. The north‐south divergence‐free component, on the other hand, is not always well reproduced due to the small longitudinal distance between the side‐by‐side flying satellite pair. Swarm can yield the field‐aligned and curl‐free current density at a wider range of latitude resolutions (∼7.5–200 km) than the divergence‐free current density. While 7.5 km is suitable for comparison with auroras, 200 km typically resolves the Regions 1 and 2 field‐aligned currents. IMAGE can yield maps of the divergence‐free current density at ∼50 km resolution. Induced telluric currents should be accounted for in the derivation. Not accounting for them in the Swarm analysis, however, does not appear to introduce significant errors. Ionospheric conductances can be estimated by combining the total horizontal current density, consisting of the curl‐free and divergence‐free components, with the electric field measurements. Our results indicate that Swarm can only yield these at ∼200 km scale size when there is no significant dependence on longitude. However, combining the divergence‐free current from IMAGE with the curl‐free current and electric field from Swarm could yield conductance maps at ∼50 km resolution.
Temporal variability in the Antarctic Polar Front (2002–2014)
Authors: Freeman Natalie M. , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Gent Peter R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe investigate intraannual to interannual variability in the Antarctic Polar Front (PF) using weekly PF realizations spanning 2002–2014 (found at doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.855640). While several PF studies have used gradient maxima in sea surface temperature (SST) or height to define its location, results from this study are based on a PF defined using SST measurements that avoid cloud contamination and the influence of steric sea level change. With a few regional exceptions, we find that the latitudinal position of the PF does not vary seasonally, yet its temperature exhibits a clear seasonal cycle. Consistent with previous studies, the position and intensity of the PF is largely influenced by bathymetry; generally, over steep topography, we find that the front intensifies and interannual variability in its position is low. We also investigate drivers of PF variability in the context of large‐scale climate variability on various spatial and temporal scales, but find that the major modes of Southern Hemisphere climate variability explain only a tiny fraction of the interannual PF variance. Over the study time period, the PF intensifies at nearly all longitudes while exhibiting no discernible meridional displacement in its zonal mean path.