bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CXCR2 deficient mice display macrophage-dependent exaggerated acute inflammatory responses
Authors: Dyer Douglas P. , Pallas Kenneth , Medina-Ruiz Laura , Schuette Fabian , Wilson Gillian J. , Graham Gerard J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCXCR2 is an essential regulator of neutrophil recruitment to inflamed and damaged sites and plays prominent roles in inflammatory pathologies and cancer. It has therefore been highlighted as an important therapeutic target. However the success of the therapeutic targeting of CXCR2 is threatened by our relative lack of knowledge of its precisein vivomode of action. Here we demonstrate that CXCR2-deficient mice display a counterintuitive transient exaggerated inflammatory response to cutaneous and peritoneal inflammatory stimuli. In both situations, this is associated with reduced expression of cytokines associated with the resolution of the inflammatory response and an increase in macrophage accumulation at inflamed sites. Analysis using neutrophil depletion strategies indicates that this is a consequence of impaired recruitment of a non-neutrophilic CXCR2 positive leukocyte population. We suggest that these cells may be myeloid derived suppressor cells. Our data therefore reveal novel and previously unanticipated roles for CXCR2 in the orchestration of the inflammatory response.
Anatomical Characteristics and Biomechanical Properties of the Oblique Popliteal Ligament
Authors: Wu Xiang-Dong , Yu Jin-Hui , Zou Tao , Wang Wei , LaPrade Robert F. , Huang Wei , Sun Shan-Quan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis anatomical study sought to investigate the morphological characteristics and biomechanical properties of the oblique popliteal ligament (OPL). Embalmed cadaveric knees were used for the study. The OPL and its surrounding structures were dissected; its morphology was carefully observed, analyzed and measured; its biomechanical properties were investigated. The origins and insertions of the OPL were relatively similar, but its overall shape was variable. The OPL had two origins: one originated from the posterior surface of the posteromedial tibia condyle, merged with fibers from the semimembranosus tendon, the other originated from the posteromedial part of the capsule. The two origins converged and coursed superolaterally, then attached to the fabella or to the tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and blended with the posterolateral joint capsule. The OPL was classified into Band-shaped, Y-shaped, Z-shaped, Trident-shaped, and Complex-shaped configurations. The mean length, width, and thickness of the OPL were 39.54, 22.59, and 1.44 mm, respectively. When an external rotation torque (18 N·m) was applied both before and after the OPL was sectioned, external rotation increased by 8.4° (P = 0.0043) on average. The OPL was found to have a significant role in preventing excessive external rotation and hyperextension of the knee.
Identification of a novel NAMPT inhibitor by CRISPR/Cas9 chemogenomic profiling in mammalian cells
Authors: Estoppey David , Hewett Jeffrey W. , Guy Chantale T. , Harrington Edmund , Thomas Jason R. , Schirle Markus , Cuttat Rachel , Waldt Annick , Gerrits Bertran , Yang Zinger , Schuierer Sven , Pan Xuewen , Xie Kevin , Carbone Walter , Knehr Judith , Lindeman Alicia , Russ Carsten , Frias Elizabeth , Hoffman Gregory R. , Varadarajan Malini , Ramadan Nadire , Reece-Hoyes John S. , Wang Qiong , Chen Xin , McAllister Gregory , Roma Guglielmo , Bouwmeester Tewis , Hoepfner Dominic 
Published: February 2017

AbstractChemogenomic profiling is a powerful and unbiased approach to elucidate pharmacological targets and the mechanism of bioactive compounds. Until recently, genome-wide, high-resolution experiments of this nature have been limited to fungal systems due to lack of mammalian genome-wide deletion collections. With the example of a novel nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitor, we demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9 system enables the generation of transient homo- and heterozygous deletion libraries and allows for the identification of efficacy targets and pathways mediating hypersensitivity and resistance relevant to the compound mechanism of action.
Bribery games on inter-dependent regular networks
Authors: Verma Prateek , Nandi Anjan K. , Sengupta Supratim 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe examine a scenario of social conflict that is manifest during an interaction between government servants providing a service and citizens who are legally entitled to the service, using evolutionary game-theory in structured populations characterized by an inter-dependent network. Bribe-demands by government servants during such transactions, called harassment bribes, constitute a widespread form of corruption in many countries. We investigate the effect of varying bribe demand made by corrupt officials and the cost of complaining incurred by harassed citizens, on the proliferation of corrupt strategies in the population. We also examine how the connectivity of the various constituent networks affects the spread of corrupt officials in the population. We find that incidents of bribery can be considerably reduced in a network-structured populations compared to mixed populations. Interestingly, we also find that an optimal range for the connectivity of nodes in the citizen’s network (signifying the degree of influence a citizen has in affecting the strategy of other citizens in the network) as well as the interaction network aids in the fixation of honest officers. Our results reveal the important role of network structure and connectivity in asymmetric games.
Risk factors for brain metastases after prophylactic cranial irradiation in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zeng Haiyan , Xie Peng , Meng Xue , Yuan Shuanghu , Sun Xindong , Li Wanlong , Fan Bingjie , Li Xiaolin , Yu Jinming 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDespite administration of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), some small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients still suffer from brain metastases (BM) with unknown risk factors. We conducted this study to identify patients with higher BM risk after PCI and improve their outcome. The characteristics and survival of all the SCLC patients underwent PCI in our institute from 2003 to 2014 were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was applied to estimate BM free survival (BMFS) and overall survival (OS). Cox regression analyses were performed to explore risk factors for BM. A total of 175 patients with the median age of 55 years (range, 29–76) were eligible, among whom 36 (20.6%) developed BM with median follow-up of 42 months. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed HART and TNM classification (p < 0.05) were associated with BM. Two-stage system was not related with BMFS or OS (p > 0.05). Stage IIIB-IV and HART were independent risk factors for BM after PCI in SCLC. TNM classification was more valuable on prognosis than two-stage system. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Duration of SHIV production by infected cells is not exponentially distributed: Implications for estimates of infection parameters and antiviral efficacy
Authors: Beauchemin Catherine A. A. , Miura Tomoyuki , Iwami Shingo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe duration of the eclipse phase, from cell infection to the production and release of the first virion progeny, immediately followed by the virus-production phase, from the first to the last virion progeny, are important steps in a viral infection, by setting the pace of infection progression and modulating the response to antiviral therapy. Using a mathematical model (MM) and data for the infection of HSC-F cells with SHIV in vitro, we reconfirm our earlier finding that the eclipse phase duration follows a fat-tailed distribution, lasting 19 h (18–20 h). Most importantly, for the first time, we show that the virus-producing phase duration, which lasts 11 h (9.8–12 h), follows a normal-like distribution, and not an exponential distribution as is typically assumed. We explore the significance of this finding and its impact on analysis of plasma viral load decays in HIV patients under antiviral therapy. We find that incorrect assumptions about the eclipse and virus-producing phase distributions can lead to an overestimation of antiviral efficacy. Additionally, our predictions for the rate of plasma HIV decay under integrase inhibitor therapy offer an opportunity to confirm whether HIV production duration in vivo also follows a normal distribution, as demonstrated here for SHIV infections in vitro.
Preventive Effects of Carnosine on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Lung Injury
Authors: Tanaka Ken-Ichiro , Sugizaki Toshifumi , Kanda Yuki , Tamura Fumiya , Niino Tomomi , Kawahara Masahiro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a potentially devastating form of acute lung injury, which involves neutrophilic inflammation and pulmonary cell death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in ARDS development. New compounds for inhibiting the onset and progression of ARDS are required. Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a small di-peptide with numerous activities, including antioxidant effects, metal chelation, proton buffering capacity and the inhibition of protein carbonylation and glycoxidation. We have examined the preventive effects of carnosine on tissue injury, oedema and inflammation in a murine model for ARDS. Oral administration of carnosine suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular permeability, tissue injury and inflammation in the lung. In vivo imaging analysis revealed that LPS administration increased the level of ROS and that this increase was inhibited by carnosine administration. Carnosine also suppressed LPS-induced neutrophilic inflammation (evaluated by activation of myeloperoxidase in the lung and increased extracellular DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid). Furthermore, carnosine administration suppressed the LPS-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress response in vivo. These results suggest that the oral administration of carnosine suppresses LPS-induced lung injury via carnosine’s ROS-reducing activity. Therefore, carnosine may be beneficial for suppressing the onset and progression of ARDS.
Hydrostatic pressure effect on magnetic phase transition and magnetocaloric effect of metamagnetic TmZn compound
Authors: Li Lingwei , Hu Guanghui , Qi Yang , Umehara Izuru 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is an intrinsic thermal response of all magnetic solids which has a direct and strong correlation with the corresponding magnetic phase transition. It has been well recognized that the magnetic phase transition can be tuned by adjusting applied pressure. Therefore, we perform the high hydrostatic pressure magnetization measurements (up to 1.4 GPa) on a recently reported giant MCE material of TmZn. The results indicate that the Curie temperature of TC increases from 8.4 K at the ambient pressure to 11.5 K under the pressure of 1.4 GPa. The field-induced first order metamagnetic transition is getting weak with increasing pressure, which results in a reduction of MCE. The hydrostatic pressure effect on the magnetic phase transition and MCE in the metamagnetic TmZn is discussed.
Endothelial cell–oligodendrocyte interactions in small vessel disease and aging
Authors: Rajani Rikesh M. , Williams Anna 
Published: February 2017

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a prevalent, neurological disease that significantly increases the risk of stroke and dementia. The main pathological changes are vascular, in the form of lipohyalinosis and arteriosclerosis, and in the white matter (WM), in the form of WM lesions. Despite this, it is unclear to what extent the key cell types involved–the endothelial cells (ECs) of the vasculature and the oligodendrocytes of the WM–interact. Here, we describe the work that has so far been carried out suggesting an interaction between ECs and oligodendrocytes in SVD. As these interactions have been studied in more detail in other disease states and in development, we explore these systems and discuss the role these mechanisms may play in SVD.
Giant Left Atrial Myxoma: Cause for Position-Dependent Nocturnal Dyspnea and Cardiac Murmur
Authors: Hillebrand Julia , Martens Sven , Hoffmeier Andreas 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPrimary tumors of the heart are rare. The majority of them are benign, the left atrial myxoma being the most frequent one. Clinical appearance varies from unapparent to life-threatening complications such as stroke, acute heart failure, or even sudden death. Diagnosis and consecutive surgical treatment strongly depend on the clinical symptoms, but their extent does not correlate with the risk for serious complications. Therefore, patients with variable clinical presentation can be especially endangered. Consequent diagnostic and immediate operative therapy is essential.
Synovial Plica Syndrome of the Knee: A Commonly Overlooked Cause of Anterior Knee Pain
Authors: Lee Paul , Nixion Amy , Chandratreya Amit , Murray Judith 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSynovial plica syndrome (SPS) occurs in the knee, when an otherwise normal structure becomes a source of pain due to injury or overuse. Patients may present to general practitioners, physiotherapists, or surgeons with anterior knee pain with or without mechanical symptoms, and the diagnosis can sometimes be difficult. Several studies have examined the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of SPS. We review these resources to provide an evidence-based guide to the diagnosis and treatment of SPS of the knee.
Discrepancies in Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease between Lower Extremities at Rest and Postexercise
Authors: Cohoon Kevin , Mahe Guillaume , Liedl David , Rooke Thom , Wennberg Paul 
Published: February 2017

Background Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common medical condition causing substantial morbidity. Limited data exist on whether discrepancies in PAD prevalence exist between the lower extremities using resting ankle-brachial indices (ABIs) and postexercise pressures.
Objective We predicted the prevalence of PAD between the lower extremities.
Methods and Results Consecutive patients who had undergone a noninvasive arterial lower extremity study at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, between January 1996 and December 2012 with suspected PAD were retrospectively reviewed. We identified 12,312 consecutive patients who underwent an arterial lower extremity and an exercise treadmill study. Prevalence of PAD was assessed at rest and after exercise using two criteria: a resting ABI ≤ 0.90 and a postexercise pressure decrease of > 30 mm Hg. Mean age was 67 ± 12 years and there were 4,780 (39%) women studied. At rest, we found a higher prevalence of PAD on the left extremity (27.4%) compared with the right (24.6%) (p < 0.0001). After exercise, we found a higher prevalence of PAD on the right extremity (25.1%) compared with the left (19.0%) (p < 0.0001). These discrepancies between the prevalence of PAD at rest and after exercise were present in women and men.
Conclusion Using validated criteria of a resting ABI of ≤ 0.90 and postexercise ankle pressure decrease > 30 mm Hg, our results suggest that there is a significantly higher prevalence of PAD in the left lower extremity at rest, in contrast to a greater prevalence of abnormal postexercise testing in the right lower extremity. The reason(s) of these discrepancies remain to be studied.
Soziale Determinanten der subjektiven Gesundheit, Lebenszufriedenheit und krankheitsbedingten Schulfehltage von Heranwachsenden in Deutschland: Erste Ergebnisse des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS)
Authors: Heilmann Kristina , Bräsen Janina , Herke Max , Richter Matthias , Rathmann Katharina 
Published: February 2017

ZusammenfassungZiel des Beitrags ist es, erstmalig mit den Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels die Bedeutung sozialer Determinanten für die subjektive Gesundheit, Lebenszufriedenheit und krankheitsbedingten Schulfehltage von Schülern in deutschen Regelschulen zu untersuchen.Datenbasis bildet das Nationale Bildungspanel (NEPS). Die Stichprobe umfasst (n=5 790) Schüler der sechsten Klassen in Regelschulen aus dem Jahr 2011 (Startkohorte 3, Welle 2). Der sozioökonomische Hintergrund wird über den Schultyp der Heranwachsenden sowie über das Haushaltseinkommen und den höchsten elterlichen Bildungsabschluss erfasst. Daneben berücksichtigen die Analysen den Migrationshintergrund und die Familienstruktur, sowie das Geschlecht als soziale Einflussgrößen. Es werden sowohl bi- als auch multivariate Analysen durchgeführt.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass insbesondere die besuchte Schulform und ein geringes Einkommen der Eltern signifikant mit einer schlechten subjektiven Gesundheitseinschätzung der Heranwachsenden assoziiert sind. Für eine niedrige Lebenszufriedenheit sind die Familienstruktur und der Schultyp relevante Einflussgrößen. Bei den krankheitsbedingten Fehltagen zeigt sich ein schwacher Zusammenhang mit dem Besuch einer Hauptschule.Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen, dass insbesondere die besuchte Schulform eine zentrale Einflussgröße der subjektiven Gesundheit, der Lebenszufriedenheit sowie der krankheitsbedingten Fehltage von Schülern ist. Maßnahmen zur Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention sollten daher vor allem auf Hauptschüler und vor dem Hintergrund sozial ungleich verteilter Bildungschancen auch auf Heranwachsende aus Haushalten mit niedrigem sozialem Status ausgerichtet werden.
Premature load bearing
Authors: Andrews Matt , Pritchett Lant , Woolcock Michael 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This chapter argues that many countries find themselves in capability traps because they try to perform tasks before they are actually capable of doing so. This can create too much pressure on the organization and its agents and lead to the collapse even of what small capability might have been built. When such processes are consistently repeated, premature load bearing reinforces capability traps—by asking too much of too little too soon too often (the “four toos”), the very possibility and legitimacy of reform and capability building is compromised. We recognize the pressures behind such premature load bearing, including the often implicit view that “best practices” can be broadly introduced because of the presumption that the level of performance and pace of change achieved in one place is possible everywhere, including “here.” We also recognize that to suggest anything less than perfection would make one seem a pessimist, an apologist for the unacceptable who doesn’t want the best for others, or a profligate indulgently wasting time and money “reinventing the wheel” when the best practice solution is already known. However, the chapter argues that a sober and strong stand against premature load bearing (and these pressures) is vital to ensure actual capability is built and governments and countries advance beyond capability traps.
Doing problem-driven work
Authors: Andrews Matt , Pritchett Lant , Woolcock Michael 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We often observe that more successful efforts to establish complex state capabilities are problem-driven; focused relentlessly on solving a specific, attention-grabbing problem. This is the first principle of PDIA, which we begin to introduce in this chapter. The chapter starts with a discussion about why problems matter as entry points to complex state capability building challenges. It then offers practical ideas and tools to help those trying to use problems to foster change (given the need to construct problems, deconstruct problems and ultimately promote problem-driven sequencing). The chapter helps readers understand why we emphasize problems as entry points and positive motivators of change and provides tools to those who are interested in working practically to define and tackle problems. All readers will be able to apply the thinking and tools to their own challenges, which will put them in a strong position to tackle such challenges in a new and effective way.
Managing your authorizing environment
Authors: Andrews Matt , Pritchett Lant , Woolcock Michael 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This chapter addresses authority in the PDIA process, given that authority is needed to make change happen. This authority is often difficult to attain, however. It is seldom located in one office or person, and is often difficult to lock in with complex challenges. This is because such challenges involve significant risk and uncertainty and require engagement by many agents responding to different authorizers. Efforts to address such challenges should include an explicit strategy to establish an appropriate authorizing environment. This chapter suggests ideas to adopt in a strategy, emphasizing different types of authority and authority failures one commonly sees in development. It includes practical exercises and examples to help readers apply such thinking in their own work. As with past chapters, we believe that the ideas and tools here will equip readers to identify and energize a new and effective approach to addressing complex challenges.
Association Between Serum Levels of Uric Acid and Blood Pressure Tracking in Childhood
Authors: Park Bohyun , Lee Hye Ah , Lee Sung Hee , Park Bo Mi , Park Eun Ae , Kim Hae Soon , Cho Su Jin , Park Hyesook 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Recent studies suggest that high levels of serum uric acid of very early life are a result of the in-utero environment and may lead to elevated blood pressure (BP) in adulthood. However, serum uric acid levels can change throughout life. We investigated the effect of serum uric acid levels in childhood on the BP tracking and analysed BP according to changes in serum uric acid levels in early life.

METHODS
A total of 449 children from the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort study underwent at least 2 follow-up examinations. Data were collected across 3 check-up cycles. Serum uric acid levels, BP, and anthropometric characteristics were assessed at 3, 5, and 7 years of age.

RESULTS
Children with a serum uric acid level higher than the median values had significantly increased systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP at 3 years of age. Baseline serum uric acid levels measured at 3 years of age, significantly affected subsequent BP in the sex and body mass index adjusted longitudinal data analysis (P &lt; 0.05). Considering the changing pattern of serum uric acid over time, subjects with high uric acid levels at both 3 and 5 years of age had the highest SBP at 7 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest the importance of maintaining an adequate level of serum uric acids from the early life. Appropriate monitoring and intervention of uric acid levels in a high-risk group can reduce the risk of a future increased BP.