bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic arterial-infusion chemotherapy combined with systemic therapy sequentially or simultaneously for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cao Yu-zhe , Pan Jia-yu , Zheng Guang-lei , An Chao , Zuo Meng-xuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims: To compare the efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial-infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) combined with targeted therapy and PD-(L)1 blockades (triple therapy), sequentially (SE) or simultaneously (SI), in the treatment of BCLC stage C hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Approach and Results: From January 1, 2018, to June 1, 2022, 575 patients with BCLC stage C HCC who underwent SE or SI triple therapy were retrospectively enrolled. Propensity score matching (PSM; 1:1) was performed to eliminate possible confounder imbalances across cohorts. We used the Kaplan–Meier method and a log-rank test to compare overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates between the SI and SE groups. The tumor response and the incidence of adverse events (AEs) was reported. After PSM, 182 patients in each of the two groups were matched. Median OS in the SI group was significantly longer than that in the SE group (28.8 vs. 16.1 months; P= 0.002). Median PFS was significantly improved in the SI versusSE group (9.6 vs. 7.0 months; P= 0.01). The objective response rate (ORR) based on the mRECIST was higher in the SI group (58% vs. 37%; P < 0.001). Total incidences of grade 3–4 AEs were 111/182 (60.9%) and 128/182 (70.3%) in the SE and SI groups, respectively. No grade 5 AEs were reported in either group.
Conclusions: Simultaneous HAIC plus targeted therapy and PD-(L)1 blockades significantly improved outcomes compared with the sequential regimen in patients with BCLC stage C HCC, with no unexpected AEs.
Clinical relevance statement: The patients received hepatic arterial-infusion chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy and PD-(L)1 blockades simultaneously have better prognosis than sequentially.
Identifying and defining main changes in soil attributes to enhance environmental health and poverty alleviation in the Amazonian periphery
Authors: Nascimento Kalyne Pereira Miranda , Lösch Edaciano Leandro , Coelho Katia Pereira , Nunes Jéssica de Freitas , de Sousa Maria Karoline C. R. , Aguiar Alana das Chagas Ferreira , de Moura Emanoel Gomes 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In the humid tropics, ensuring food security through sustainable food production relies heavily on addressing infertile soil. Identifying and enhancing key soil attributes crucial for plant growth poses significant challenges for poverty alleviation. We identify the main soil attributes that can boost crop performance and serve as predictors of sustainability, offering practical and economic recommendations for immediate improvement. The experiment was carried out in five areas of alley cropping systems where the leguminous tree Clitoria fairchildiana and annual legumes including Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, or Stylosanthes and Tithonia diversifolia were planted to increase soil organic matter, all consociated with maize. Nine soil samples were collected at each of the 10 sampling points. P, pH (H + Al3+), exchangeable K+, Ca2 + and Mg2 + were analyzed. We found that increased stabilised soil organic matter fraction, rather than P and K availability, is responsible for enhanced maize grain yield. This factor must be considered when assessing land and the environment, as well as implementing appropriate land management systems to avoid misallocation of limited resources. Input recommendations should align with the threshold values of 32 mmolc.dm-3 for Ca and 8 mmolc.dm-3 of Mg, aiming to achieve a combined level of 40 mmolc.dm-3 of Ca + Mg (Ca:Mg ratio of 4:1) and MAOC content around 14 g.kg-1. Soil researchers should further explore the interactions between Ca + Mg and MAOC and biomass-derived compounds as innovative soil quality management tools.
The association between shorter disease course and sarcopenia in women with endometriosis: A retrospective analysis of NHANES 1999-2006
Authors: Sun Litao , Tian Yishu , Ling Lei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder that may cause chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and metabolic disorders. Sarcopenia, a progressive skeletal muscle loss, often affects older adults. This study explored the incidence and risk factors for sarcopenia in endometriosis patients using the NHANES dataset, enrolling 373 participants. Endometriosis was confirmed via self-report questionnaire, while sarcopenia was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Covariates included age, race, marital status, education level, poverty income ratio, smoking habits, and health conditions. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26.0, employing four multivariate regression models. The average age was 40.3 and 40.0 years in endometriotic participants with and without sarcopenia, respectively. Minority ethnicity had higher odds for sarcopenia (OR 6.00, 95% CI 1.24–29.07). Endometriosis duration less than five years was associated with higher sarcopenia risk (OR 4.83, 95% CI 2.57–9.09). Lower educational levels were linked to a reduced chance of developing sarcopenia (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21–0.86). These findings were consistent across all regression models, suggesting that endometriosis patients with ethnic minority status, higher educational degrees, and shorter disease duration were more likely to have concurrent sarcopenia.
Lightweight Grape Leaf Disease Recognition Method Based on Transformer Framework
Authors: Zhang Enxu , Qi Guowei , Li Fei , Lv Cheng , Zhang Ning 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Grape disease image recognition is a crucial part of agricultural disease detection, and accurate identification of grape leaves plays a vital role in agricultural production. This study proposes a deep learning-based method for grape disease classification and recognition to address issues such as the complexity of grape disease features, uneven distribution of disease features, and data imbalance. First, the adversarial generative network FastGAN is used to generate grape disease images to enrich the sample information for different categories in the dataset and address the data imbalance problem. Then, a novel Transformer structure called LVT Block and a CNN structure called MARI Block are proposed to process the global and local information of images, respectively. Dense connections between these structures result in the DLVT Block, which leads to the lightweight neural network model DLVTNet. Additionally, a lightweight self-attention mechanism combined with CNN called CLSHSA is introduced , which maintains high recognition performance while reducing the model size. Moreover, a multi-scale attention mechanism (MELA) is proposed, which combines positional and multi-scale information to obtain attention weights. Experimental results show that this method achieves an average recognition accuracy of 98.48% in grape leaf disease detection, outperforming mainstream CNN and Transformer models, and effectively focuses on disease areas in leaf images. The method also demonstrates high recognition accuracy in tomato disease detection, indicating good generalization ability and suitability for detecting and recognizing various leaf diseases. The proposed method provides an effective solution for detecting and recognizing grape and other plant leaf diseases, offering a new research approach that combines CNN and Transformer structures.
Synthesis, H2S releasing properties, antiviral and antioxidant activities and acute cardiac effects of nucleoside 5’-dithioacetates
Authors: Bege Miklós , Lovas Miklós , Priksz Dániel , Bernát Brigitta , Bereczki Ilona , Kattoub Rasha Ghanem , Kajtár Richárd , Eskeif Simon , Novák Levente , Hodek Jan , Weber Jan , Herczegh Pál , Lekli István , Borbás Anikó 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter with cardioprotective and antiviral effects. In this work, new cysteine-selective nucleoside-H2S-donor hybrid molecules were prepared by conjugating nucleoside biomolecules with a thiol-activatable dithioacetyl group. 5'-Dithioacetate derivatives were synthesized from the canonical nucleosides (uridine, adenosine, cytidine, guanosine and thymidine), and the putative 5'-thio metabolites were also produced from uridine and adenosine. According to our measurements made with an H2S-specific sensor, nucleoside dithioacetates are moderately fast H2S donors, the guanosine derivative showed the fastest kinetics and the adenosine derivative the slowest. The antioxidant activity of 5'-thionucleosides is significantly higher than that of trolox, but lower than that of ascorbic acid, while intact dithioacetates have no remarkable antioxidant effect. In human Calu cells, the guanosine derivative showed a moderate anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect which was also confirmed by virus yield reduction assay. Dithioacetyl-adenosine and its metabolite showed similar acute cardiac effects as adenosine, however, it is noteworthy that both 5'-thio modified adenosines increased left ventricular ejection fraction or stroke volume, which was not observed with native adenosine.
Examining the Quality of General Purpose AI based Recommendation System for Over-the-Counter Medication
Authors: Patel Rahul , Ravilla Rithvik , Nabil Mohammed , Franco Juan , Deng Ana , Diaz Christopher 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the quality of the over-the-counter medicines recommended by commercial general purpose artificial intelligence (AI) platforms by analyzing the relationship between two categorical data. 139 tests were performed using publicly available over the counter medication database from US FDA and two widely available commercially available general purpose AI platforms. A chi-square analysis was conducted to examine the relationships. Results indicated that there is a statistically significant difference between the quality of over-the-counter medication recommendations from the FDA Database-based system and those recommended by commercially available generative AI systems with chi-square statistic 0.1208, the p-value of .728145, not significant at p < .01 for one AI system and the chi-square statistic = 0.9988, the p-value of .317613, not significant at p < .01 for second AI system. These results indicate that recommendations made by widely available generative AI platforms are not suitable for medical advice. Additionally, the study found that there is no statistically significant difference between the quality of over-the-counter medication recommendations from two commercially available generative AI systems with the chi-square statistic = 61.4366, the p-value of < 0.00001, significant at p < .01. This result suggests that the recommendations made by these generative AI systems are consistently inaccurate. These findings highlight the need for the development of specialized generative AI systems with the involvement of domain experts, to ensure accuracy and reliability for providing the OTC medication recommendations.
Table of Contents
OsWRKY49 on qAT5 positively regulates alkalinity tolerance at the germination stage in Oryza sativa L. ssp. Japonica
Authors: Cui Jingnan , Li Shuangshuang , Zhang Tong , Li Chong , Duan Yu , Xu Shanbin , Wang Jingguo , Liu Hualong , Yang Luomiao , Xin Wei , Jia Yan , Bu Qingyun , Zou Detang , Zheng Hongliang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

With the widespread use of the rice direct seeding cultivation model, improving the tolerance of rice varieties to salinity-alkalinity at the germination stage has become increasingly important. However, as previous studies have focused on the neutral salt stress, understanding of alkalinity tolerance is still in its infancy, and the genetic resource data is scarce. Here, we used a natural population composed of 295 Japonica rice varieties and a recombinant inbred population including 189 lines derived from Caidao (alkali-sensitive) and WD20342 (alkali-tolerant) to uncover the genetic structure of alkalinity tolerance during rice germination. A total of 15 lead SNPs and six QTLs related to relative germination potential (RGP) and relative germination index (RGI) were detected by genome-wide association study and linkage mapping. Of which, Chr5_28094966, a lead SNP was located in the interval of the mapped major QTL qAT5, that was significantly associated with both RGP and RGI in the two populations. According to the LD block analysis and QTL interval, a 425 kb overlapped region was obtained for screening the candidate genes. After haplotype analysis, qRT-PCR and parental sequence analysis, LOC_Os05g49100 (OsWRKY49) was initially considered as the candidate gene. Having studied the characteristics of rice lines with OsWRKY49 knockout and overexpression, we established that OsWRKY49 could be a positive regulator of alkalinity tolerance in rice at the germination stage. Subcellular localization showed that green fluorescent protein-tagged OsWRKY49 was localized in the nucleus. The application of OsWRKY49 could be useful for increasing alkalinity tolerance of rice direct seeding.
Health Risks of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (LF-EMF) and Radio Waves: An Umbrella Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lamzouri O. , Laamara R. Ahl , Drissi L. B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The pervasive presence of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF-EMF) and radio waves in modern environments has raised concerns regarding potential health risks. This umbrella review systematically evaluates and synthesizes findings from meta-analyses and systematic reviews on the health risks associated with LF-EMF and radio waves exposure.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PUBMED and SCOPUS databases for studies published between 2014 and 2024. Included studies focused on health outcomes such as cancer incidence, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and reproductive health issues. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using standardized tools, and meta-analyses were conducted where data allowed.
Results
Twenty systematic reviews and meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. Mixed findings were observed across various health outcomes. Cancer risk was slightly increased but not significantly associated with LF-EMF exposure. Significant associations were found between LF-EMF exposure and neurological disorders, particularly cognitive decline. Cardiovascular disease risk showed non-significant associations, while reproductive health outcomes demonstrated significant adverse effects, particularly on sperm quality and birth outcomes.
Conclusion
The evidence suggests potential health risks associated with LF-EMF and radio waves, particularly in neurological and reproductive health domains. Further research with standardized methodologies is needed to clarify these associations.
A Systematic Literature Review on Bengali Grammar Correction System
Authors: Nadif Muhammad Abu , Rahat Tanzeem , Sharma Aninda Kumar , Tabassum Anika , Rushee Kawser I. , Rahim Md Shamsur 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Around 270 million people worldwide speak Bangla, making it the sixth most widely spoken language. Despite its widespread use, the study of the Bengali language was behind schedule. There has been a significant lag in the application of recently introduced technologies, such as transformer-based models, to the Bengali language. Pretrained models such as GPT3 and Llama2 do not perform effectively when it comes to the Bengali language due to its distinctive linguistic characteristics. Our initial step in improving the Bengali language inside the realm of state-of-the-art technology involves analysing prior automated grammar correction systems and comprehending the challenges specific to the Bengali language. This article offers a thorough examination of prior research on automated grammar correction systems. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the prior cutting-edge techniques, strategies, and challenges in this particular domain, this review seeks to consolidate and analyze the pertinent literature in a discerning manner. Using a pre-established search methodology, we successfully identified relevant research in reputable databases and scholarly publications. The review provides a concise overview of the findings from the selected research and highlights the diverse range of techniques employed, such as rule-based tactics, statistical models, machine learning algorithms, and natural language processing methods. The analysis also includes an evaluation of crucial indicators of system performance, including accuracy, recall, and F1-score. Through this extensive literature review, we discovered recurring challenges in developing grammatical correction algorithms that possess both accuracy and contextual sensitivity, which aligns with our subsequent objective. Furthermore, based on these findings, this study considers future research objectives and prospects for improving automatic grammar correction technologies. To summarise, this systematic literature review provides a comprehensive examination of the existing automatic grammar correction systems, highlighting their accomplishments, the challenges that remain, and the potential for further investigation and advancement in this area. This will provide us with valuable insights to align Bengali language research with the present setting. Additionally, other researchers, developers, and educators can greatly benefit from the information presented here as they strive to create and implement a more efficient Bengali grammatical correction system or beyond.
Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Mortality Risk among People with Disability in Korea Based on the National Health Insurance Database: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Choi Jonghyuk , Lim Hyungryul , Kwon Ho-Jang , Ha Mina , Kim Soontae , Choi Kyung-Hwa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
People with disabilities (PWD) may be more vulnerable to the adverse health effects of air pollution than the general population. This study examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mortality risk in PWD considering disability type and severity.
Methods
Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service and Statistics Korea were analyzed in this retrospective cohort study, including 2,880,265 individuals (41,501,709 person-years), of which 176,410 were PWD (2,011,231 person-years). PM2.5 exposure was estimated using simulated data from 2006 to 2019. Causes of death included all causes, non-accidental causes, respiratory disease, lung cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality associated with PM2.5 stratified by disability type and severity.
Results
PWD, particularly those with severe disabilities or specific impairments such as kidney problems or brain lesions, showed significantly high mortality risks from all causes, non-accidental causes, and cardiovascular diseases due to PM2.5 exposure. For individuals with kidney impairment, the HR (95% confidence interval) for mortality on increasing PM2.5 by 10 µg/m3 was 1.79 (1.27–2.52) from all causes, while for those with brain lesions, it was 1.10 (1.00–1.22) from cardiovascular disease. PWD were not susceptible to mortality from respiratory causes.
Conclusions
This study highlights the increased vulnerability of PWD, especially those with severe disabilities or specific impairments, to the adverse effects of PM2.5 exposure. Targeted interventions tailored to disability type and severity, along with stricter air quality standards and specialized healthcare approaches, are needed.
Effects of Sulforaphane in Ferroptosis, Apoptosis, and Senescence induced by Cigarette Smoke in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells: a Mechanistic Study
Authors: Reihani Amin , Seyedabadi Mohammad , Mohammadi Ebrahim , Shaki Fatemeh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background Cigarette smoke (CS) is a leading risk factor for pulmonary diseases. It has been implicated that ferroptosis and apoptosis are involved in CS-induced lung senescence. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a phytochemical with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, we investigated the effects of CS on oxidative damage, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and senescence in the human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) and the preventive role of SFN.Materials and Methods BEAS-2B cells were exposed to CS extract (CSE) and varying concentrations of SFN (5, 10, and 20 µg/ml). Cytotoxicity and senescence were evaluated by MTT assay, clonogenic assay, Annexin V/PI flow cytometry, and SA-β-galactosidase staining method. Also, the involvement of the ferroptosis pathway and oxidative stress were measured via reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, and intracellular iron assessment.Results Our results showed that CSE resulted in a concentration-dependent decline in the viability and clonogenic potential of BEAS-2B cells and induced senescence through intracellular ROS generation, LPO, and GSH oxidation, which led to ferroptosis and apoptosis. However, SFN protects against CSE cytotoxicity as measured by MTT and colony formation assay. Furthermore, SFN reduced CSE-induced oxidative stress and inhibited CSE-induced ferroptosis, as shown by lowering iron and MDA. Subsequently, SFN alleviated CSE-induced apoptotic and senescence in BEAS-2B cells.Conclusion This study strongly supports the idea that SFN could ameliorate CSE-induced lung toxicity via inhibition of oxidative redox, ferroptosis, and the apoptotic pathway, which results in a decrease in senescence and enhanced clonogenic potential in BEAS-2B cells.
Dual-Functional Optical-Transparent Terahertz Metasurface with Tunable Absorption and Polarization Conversion
Authors: Li Lintao , Wen Jingda , Wen Yongzheng , Sun Jingbo , Zhao Qian , Li Bo , Zhou Ji 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

With the continuous advancements in material science, research on metamaterials is evolving towards tunability and multifunctionality. This study introduces a novel design methodology for a transparent multifunctional metamaterial that integrates the capabilities of an optical-transparent broadband absorber and a polarization converter, demonstrating its versatility and adaptability in applications. By incorporating a tunable water layer structure, this design allows for the switching of operational modes under different conditions. When the water layer is filled, the material functions as a broadband absorber, achieving absorption exceeding 90% across the frequency bands of 0.65–1.05 THz, 2.23–2.63 THz, and 3.82–4.32 THz. Conversely, when the water layer is emptied, the material exhibits polarization conversion capabilities, achieving a cross-polarization conversion rate exceeding 90% at the frequencies of 1.06 THz and 3.54 THz. This design not only demonstrates new possibilities in functional integration and control within metamaterials but also offers an efficient, cost-effective, and easily manufacturable solution for the practical application of metamaterials.