bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Driving Performance Using In-Vehicle Speech Data From a Naturalistic Driving Study
Authors: Kuo Jonny , Charlton Judith L. , Koppel Sjaan , Rudin-Brown Christina M. , Cross Suzanne 
Published: May 2016

Objective: We aimed to (a) describe the development and application of an automated approach for processing in-vehicle speech data from a naturalistic driving study (NDS), (b) examine the influence of child passenger presence on driving performance, and (c) model this relationship using in-vehicle speech data. Background: Parent drivers frequently engage in child-related secondary behaviors, but the impact on driving performance is unknown. Applying automated speech-processing techniques to NDS audio data would facilitate the analysis of in-vehicle driver–child interactions and their influence on driving performance. Method: Speech activity detection and speaker diarization algorithms were applied to audio data from a Melbourne-based NDS involving 42 families. Multilevel models were developed to evaluate the effect of speech activity and the presence of child passengers on driving performance. Results: Speech activity was significantly associated with velocity and steering angle variability. Child passenger presence alone was not associated with changes in driving performance. However, speech activity in the presence of two child passengers was associated with the most variability in driving performance. Conclusion: The effects of in-vehicle speech on driving performance in the presence of child passengers appear to be heterogeneous, and multiple factors may need to be considered in evaluating their impact. This goal can potentially be achieved within large-scale NDS through the automated processing of observational data, including speech. Application: Speech-processing algorithms enable new perspectives on driving performance to be gained from existing NDS data, and variables that were once labor-intensive to process can be readily utilized in future research.
Reconstructive valve surgery within 10 days of stroke in endocarditis
Authors: Raman Jai , Ballal Apoorva , Hota Bala , Mirza Sara , Lai David , Bleck Thomas , Lateef Omar 
Published: May 2016

Background The optimal timing of surgical treatment for infective endocarditis complicated by cerebrovascular events is controversial, largely due to the perceived risk of perioperative intracranial bleeding. Current guidelines suggest waiting 2 weeks between the diagnosis of stroke and surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and neurological outcomes of early surgery following a stroke. Methods This was a single-center retrospective analysis of 12 consecutive patients requiring surgery for infective endocarditis between 2011 and 2014 at Rush University Medical Center, with either ischemic ( n = 6) and/or hemorrhagic ( n = 6) cerebrovascular complications. All underwent computed tomographic angiography prior to early valve reconstructive surgery to identify potentially actionable neurological findings. Early valve surgery was performed for ongoing sepsis or persistent emboli. Neurologic risk and outcome were assessed pre- and postoperatively using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the Glasgow Outcome Scale, respectively. Results All 12 patients underwent surgical treatment within 10 days of the diagnosis of stroke. Mortality in the immediate postoperative period was 8%. Eleven of the 12 patients exhibited good neurological recovery in the immediate postoperative period, with a Glasgow Outcome Scale score ≥ 3. There was no correlation between duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and neurological outcomes. Conclusion Early cardiac surgery in patients with infective endocarditis and stroke maybe lifesaving with a low neurological risk. Comprehensive neurovascular imaging may help in identifying patient-related risk factors.
Artesunate inhibits type I interferon-induced production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Feng X , Chen W , Xiao L , Gu F , Huang J , Tsao B P , Sun L 
Published: May 2016

Objective Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key regulator of both atherosclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet factors leading to its overproduction remain unclear. To explore regulation of MIF in SLE, we studied effects and potential mechanisms of type I interferon (IFN) and artesunate (ART), an antimalarial agent extracted from Chinese herbs, on levels of MIF. Methods Serum and peripheral blood cells from SLE patients and healthy controls were measured for MIF levels by ELISA and type I IFN-inducible gene expressions by real-time PCR, respectively, and assessed for associations by Spearman correlation. ART was added to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures with or without prior IFNα-1b stimulation and to SLE peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. Protein levels of STATs and phosphorylated (p-) STATs in HUVECs were determined by Western blotting. Results Serum MIF levels were elevated in SLE patients and positively associated with disease activity ( r = 0.86, p < 0.0001), accumulated damage ( r = 0.34, p < 0.05), and IFN scores in SLE PBMCs ( r = 0.74, p = 0.0002). The addition of IFNα-1b promoted MIF production in a time- and dose-dependent manner in HUVEC cultures. ART could inhibit expressions of IFN-inducible genes ( LY6E and ISG15) in both HUVEC and SLE PBMC cultures, and suppress MIF production and over-expression of p-STAT1, but not p-STAT3 or STAT5, induced by IFNα-1b stimulation. IFNγ-induced expression of p-STAT1 in HUVECs was not inhibited by ART. Conclusion MIF could be regulated by type I IFN in SLE patients. ART counteracts the effect of IFNα to inhibit MIF production by blocking STAT1 phosphorylation and thus may have therapeutic potential for SLE-associated atherosclerosis.
Early discoid lupus erythematosus protects against renal disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: longitudinal data from a large Latin American cohort
Authors: Pons-Estel G J , Aspey L D , Bao G , Pons-Estel B A , Wojdyla D , Saurit V , Alvarellos A , Caeiro F , Haye Salinas M J , Sato E I , Soriano E R , Costallat L T L , Neira O , Iglesias-Gamarra A , Reyes-Llerena G , Cardiel M H , Acevedo-Vásquez E M , Chacón-Díaz R , Drenkard C 
Published: May 2016

Objectives The objective of this study was to examine whether early discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) would be a protective factor for further lupus nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods We studied SLE patients from GLADEL, an inception longitudinal cohort from nine Latin American countries. The main predictor was DLE onset, which was defined as physician-documented DLE at SLE diagnosis. The outcome was time from the diagnosis of SLE to new lupus nephritis. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were conducted to examine the association of DLE onset with time to lupus nephritis. Results Among 845 GLADEL patients, 204 (24.1%) developed lupus nephritis after SLE diagnosis. Of them, 10 (4.9%) had DLE onset, compared to 83 (12.9%) in the group of 641 patients that remained free of lupus nephritis (hazard ratio 0.39; P = 0.0033). The cumulative proportion of lupus nephritis at 1 and 5 years since SLE diagnosis was 6% and 14%, respectively, in the DLE onset group, compared to 14% and 29% in those without DLE ( P = 0.0023). DLE onset was independently associated with a lower risk of lupus nephritis, after controlling for sociodemographic factors and disease severity at diagnosis (hazard ratio 0.38; 95% confidence interval 0.20–0.71). Conclusions Our data indicate that DLE onset reduces the risk of further lupus nephritis in patients with SLE, independently of other factors such as age, ethnicity, disease activity, and organ damage. These findings have relevant prognosis implications for SLE patients and their clinicians. Further studies are warranted to unravel the biological and environmental pathways associated with the protective role of DLE against renal disease in patients with SLE.
Influence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and obstructive lung disease on multiple sclerosis disease course
Authors: Conway Devon S , Thompson Nicolas R , Cohen Jeffrey A 
Published: May 2016

Background: Comorbidities are known to affect multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in a number of ways, including delaying time to diagnosis and reducing health-related quality of life. Objective: To determine the impact of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and obstructive lung disease on disease course in MS patients. Methods: The Knowledge Program is a database linked to our electronic medical record allowing capture of patient and clinician reported outcomes. Through Knowledge Program query and chart review, we identified all relapsing-remitting MS patients seen between 1 January 2010 and 29 May 2012 and acquired their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results and comorbidities. Linear and logistic regression models with adjustment for important covariates were used to determine whether the comorbidities affected outcomes over a 3-year period. Results: Hypertension, diabetes, and obstructive lung disease, but not hyperlipidemia, impacted clinical outcomes, including walking speed, self-reported disability, and depression. Hypertension had the greatest effect. The presence of multiple comorbidities had a cumulative effect on clinical outcomes. MRI outcomes were unaffected by comorbidities. Conclusion: This 3-year longitudinal study revealed that all comorbidities tested except hyperlipidemia impacted clinical outcomes and a cumulative effect with multiple comorbidities was observed. Consideration of comorbid conditions is essential in MS patient care.
Pedagogy of non-domination: Neo-republican political theory and critical education
Authors: Snir Itay , Eylon Yuval 
Published: May 2016

The neo-republican political philosophy (sometimes referred to as civic republicanism) advances the idea of freedom as non-domination, in an attempt to provide democracy with a solid normative foundation upon which concrete principles and institutions can be erected so as to make freedom a reality. However, attempts to develop a republican educational theory are still hesitant, and fail to take the republican radical conception of freedom to its full conclusions. This article suggests that dialogue between neo-republicanism and critical pedagogy can be mutually productive. In the first part of the article we present the neo-republican theory, and contrast it with traditional liberalism. In the second we focus on existing neo-republican theories of education, and claim that they do not take the republican presuppositions to their necessary conclusion, namely to an educational theory fully committed to the idea of freedom as non-domination. A republican educational theory, we argue, must take into consideration not only the freedom students will have in the future, but also their freedom in the present: it should think of school as a small-scale republic, which prepares its inhabitants to be future citizens of the state while at the same time treating them as free citizens in their own right. In the third part we use insights taken from critical pedagogy to chart the direction republican education must take by applying three key republican notions—democratic control, civic contestation, and trust. In the fourth and last part we outline four aspects in which neo-republicanism can shed new light on contemporary debates in critical pedagogy: the connection between democracy and justice, the multiplicity of forms of domination, critical education within schools, and work with students from relatively privileged backgrounds.
Dynamic intraligamentary stabilisation
Authors: Kohl S. , Evangelopoulos D. S. , Schär M. O. , Bieri K. , Müller T. , Ahmad S. S. 
Published: May 2016

AimsThe purpose of this study was to report the experience of dynamic intraligamentary stabilisation (DIS) using the Ligamys device for the treatment of acute ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).Patients and MethodsBetween March 2011 and April 2012, 50 patients (34 men and 16 women) with an acute rupture of the ACL underwent primary repair using this device. The mean age of the patients was 30 years (18 to 50). Patients were evaluated for laxity, stability, range of movement (ROM), Tegner, Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores over a follow-up period of two years.ResultsAt final follow-up, anteroposterior translation differed from the normal knee by a mean of 0.96 mm (-2 mm to 6 mm). Median (interquartile range) IKDC, Tegner, Lysholm and VAS scores were 98 (95 to 100), 6 (5 to 7), 100 (98 to 100) and 10 (9 to 10), respectively. Pre-injury Tegner activity levels were reached one year post-operatively. A total of nine patients (18%) required a secondary intervention; five developed instability, of whom four underwent secondary hamstring reconstructive surgery, and five required arthroscopic treatment for intra-articular impingement due to scar tissue which caused a fixed flexion deformity. In addition, 30 patients (60%) required removal of the tibial screw.ConclusionWhile there was a high rate of secondary interventions, 45 patients (90%) retained their repaired ACL two years post-operatively, with good clinical scores and stability of the knee. Take home message: Dynamic intraligamentary stabilisation presents a promising treatment option for acute ACL ruptures, eliminating the need for ACL reconstruction. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:793–8.
Anterior debridement may not be necessary in the treatment of tuberculous spondylitis of the thoracic and lumbar spine in adults
Authors: Wang S-T. , Ma H-L. , Lin C-P. , Chou P-H. , Liu C-L. , Yu W-K. , Chang M-C. 
Published: May 2016

Aim Many aspects of the surgical treatment of patients with tuberculosis (TB) of the spine, including the use of instrumentation and the types of graft, remain controversial. Our aim was to report the outcome of a single-stage posterior procedure, with or without posterior decompression, in this group of patients. Patients and Methods Between 2001 and 2010, 51 patients with a mean age of 62.5 years (39 to 86) underwent long posterior instrumentation and short posterior or posterolateral fusion for TB of the thoracic and lumbar spines, followed by anti-TB chemotherapy for 12 months. No anterior debridement of the necrotic tissue was undertaken. Posterior decompression with laminectomy was carried out for the 30 patients with a neurological deficit. Results The mean kyphotic angle improved from 26.1° (- 1.8° to 62°) to 15.2° (-25° to 51°) immediately after the operation. At a mean follow-up of 68.8 months (30 to 144) the mean kyphotic angle was 16.9° (-22° to 54°), with a mean loss of correction of 1.6° (0° to 10°). There was a mean improvement in neurological status of 1.2 Frankel grades in those with a neurological deficit. Bony union was achieved in all patients, without recurrent infection. Conclusions Long posterior instrumentation with short posterior or posterolateral fusion is effective in the treatment of TB spine. It controls infection, corrects the kyphosis, and maintains correction and neurological improvement over time. Take home message: With effective anti-TB chemotherapy, a posterior only procedure without debridement of anterior lesion is effective in the treatment of TB spondylitis, and an anterior procedure can be reserved for those patients who have not improved after posterior surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:834–9.
Open reduction and internal fixation of posterior malleolar fractures using the posterolateral approach
Authors: Verhage S. M. , Boot F. , Schipper I. B. , Hoogendoorn J. M. 
Published: May 2016

Aims Involvement of the posterior malleolus in fractures of the ankle probably adversely affects the functional outcome and may be associated with the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Anatomical reduction is a predictor of a successful outcome. The purpose of this study was to describe the technique and short-term outcome of patients with trimalleolar fractures, who were treated surgically using a posterolateral approach in our hospital between 2010 and 2014. Patients and Methods The study involved 52 patients. Their mean age was 49 years (22 to 79). There were 41 (79%) AO 44B-type and 11 (21%) 44C-type fractures. The mean size of the posterior fragment was 27% (10% to 52%) of the tibiotalar joint surface. Results Reduction was anatomical in all patients with a residual step in the articular surface of ≤ 1 mm. In nine of the C-type fractures (82%), the syndesmosis was stable after fixation of the posterior fragment and a syndesmosis screw was not required. Apart from one superficial wound infection, there were no wound healing problems. At a mean radiological follow-up of 34 weeks (seven to 131), one patient with a 44C-type fracture had widening of the syndesmosis which required further surgery. Conclusion We conclude that the posterolateral surgical approach to the ankle gives adequate access to the posterior malleolus, allowing its anatomical reduction and stable fixation: it has few complications. Take home message: Fixation of the posterior malleolus in trimalleolar fractures can be easily done via the posterolateral approach whereby anatomical reduction and stable fixation can be reached due to adequate visualisation of the fracture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:812–17.
The acetabular labrum
Authors: Bsat S. , Frei H. , Beaulé P. E. 
Published: May 2016

The acetabular labrum is a soft-tissue structure which lines the acetabular rim of the hip joint. Its role in hip joint biomechanics and joint health has been of particular interest over the past decade. In normal hip joint biomechanics, the labrum is crucial in retaining a layer of pressurised intra-articular fluid for joint lubrication and load support/distribution. Its seal around the femoral head is further regarded as a contributing to hip stability through its suction effect. The labrum itself is also important in increasing contact area thereby reducing contact stress. Given the labrum’s role in normal hip joint biomechanics, surgical techniques for managing labral damage are continuously evolving as our understanding of its anatomy and function continue to progress. The current paper aims to review the anatomy and biomechanical function of the labrum and how they are affected by differing surgical techniques.Take home message: The acetabular labrum plays a critical role in hip function and maintaining and restoring its function during surgical intervention remain an essential goal.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:730–5.
Porous tantalum uncemented acetabular components in revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Konan S. , Duncan C. P. , Masri B. A. , Garbuz D. S. 
Published: May 2016

Aims Reconstruction of the acetabulum after failed total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be a surgical challenge in the presence of severe bone loss. We report the long-term survival of a porous tantalum revision acetabular component, its radiological appearance and quality of life outcomes. Patients and Methods We reviewed the results of 46 patients who had undergone revision of a failed acetabular component with a Paprosky II or III bone defect and reconstruction with a hemispherical, tantalum acetabular component, supplementary screws and a cemented polyethylene liner. Results After a minimum follow-up of ten years (ten to 12), the survivorship of the porous tantalum acetabular component was 96%, with further revision of the acetabular component as the end point. The ten-year survivorship, with hip revision for any reason as the end point, was 92%. We noted excellent pain relief (mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score pain 92.6, (40 to 100)) and good functional outcomes (mean WOMAC function 90.3 (30.9 to 100), mean University of California Los Angeles activity scale 5 (2 to 10)) and generic quality of life measures (mean Short Form-12 (SF-12) physical component 48.3 (18.1 to 56.8), mean SF-12 mental component 56.7 (32.9 to 70.3)). Patient satisfaction with pain relief, function and return to recreational activities were excellent. Take home message: Uncemented acetabular reconstruction using a tantalum acetabular component gives excellent clinical and quality of life outcomes at a minimum follow-up of ten years. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:767–71.
Effect of prenatal training on information and satisfaction level of a pregnant woman<p>Doğum öncesi verilen eğitimin gebenin bilgi düzeyi ile memnuniyet durumuna etkisi
Authors: Altıparmak Selda , Coşkun Anayit Margirit 
Published: May 2016

This study, performed to investigate the effect of prenatal training on information and satisfaction level of a pregnant woman, is carried out in a quasi-experimental nature. The research sample is composed of 50 pregnant patients admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty. In order to collect data, socio-demographic and obstetric data collection form, a questionnaire measuring information level and formed by 47 questions and a prenatal education satisfaction survey were used. In order to determine the information level, an advanced level of a significant relationship (p<0.001) was observed as a result of the comparison of total information points collected before and after the training in all six sub-sections composed of “Structure and Functioning of the reproductive organs and pregnancy formation”, “Changes occurred during pregnancy and coping with the possible complaints “, “Self care requirements during pregnancy”, “Pregnancy Danger Signs”, “Birth action” and “ Postpartum period, breastfeeding and family planning”. It is found that 68% of pregnant women very pleased to get prenatal training and 32% of them are satisfied. ÖzetÇalışmamız, doğum öncesi verilen eğitimin gebenin bilgi düzeyi ile memnuniyet durumuna etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yarı deneysel nitelikte gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın örneklemini, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum ABD Polikliniğine başvuran 50 gebe oluşturmuştur. Verileri toplamak için, sosyo-demografik ve obstetrik bilgi toplama formu, bilgi düzeyini ölçen ve 47 sorudan oluşan anket formu ve doğum öncesi eğitimden memnuniyet anket formu kullanılmıştır. Bilgi düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla ‘’Üreme Organ Yapı ve İşleyişi ile Gebeliğin Oluşumu’’, ‘’Gebelikte Oluşan Değişiklikler ile Olağan Şikayetlerle Baş Etme’’, ‘’Gebelikte Öz Bakım Gereksinimleri’’, ‘’Gebelikte Tehlike Belirtileri’’, ‘’Doğum Eylemi’’ ve ‘’Lohusalık Dönemi, Emzirme ve Aile Planlaması’’ndan oluşan bölümlerin tümünde eğitim öncesi ve sonrası alınan toplam bilgi puanları karşılaştırıldığında, ileri düzeyde anlamlı ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.001). Gebelerin %68’inin aldıkları doğum öncesi eğitimden çok memnun, %32’sinin memnun olduğu bulgulanmıştır.
Harnack inequality for a class of functionals with non-standard growth via De Giorgi’s method
Authors: Ok Jihoon 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We study the regularity theory of quasi-minimizers of functionals with

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p
⁢

(
⋅
)

⁢

log
⁡
L

{L^{p(\,\cdot\,)}\log L}

-growth. In particular, we prove the Harnack inequality and, in addition, the local boundedness and the Hölder continuity of the quasi-minimizers. We directly prove our results via De Giorgi’s method.
Endogenes Wachstum, Fertilität und Sozialversicherung in Entwicklungsländern / Endogenous Growth, Fertility and Social Security
Authors: Stauvermann Peter 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
Hier wird ein Modell der Neuen Wachstumstheorie mit endogenem Fertilitätsverhalten betrachtet, um die Auswirkung eines Rentenversicherungssystems nach dem Umlageverfahren auf das Wirtschaftswachstum in Entwicklungsländern zu analysieren. Es zeigt sich, daß ein Umlageverfahren positive Wachstumswirkungen zeitigt. Grundlage des Ergebnisses ist, daß das Rentenversicherungssystem ein Substitut für eine intrafamiliäre Alterssicherung ist. Desweiteren spielen die Kosten der Kindererziehung eine wesentliche Rolle für den Wachstumsprozeß.