bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes and Characteristics of Patients Undergoing Surgical Management for Mesh Related Complications
Authors: Mazloomdoost Donna , Pauls Rachel N. , Kleeman Steven D. , Crisp Catrina C. 
Published: June 2017

Objective
The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of women presenting with mesh-related complications and evaluate postoperative quality of life, sexual functioning, and patient-perceived outcomes.

Methods
This institutional review board–approved study included a retrospective chart review and a cross-sectional follow-up with validated questionnaires. Demographics and medical histories were collected from charts of women treated for mesh-related complaints between 2010 and 2014. Subjects completed follow-up validated questionnaires regarding health, sexual functioning, postoperative symptom improvement/severity, satisfaction, and regret with the decision to pursue treatment.

Results
Ninety-three charts were analyzed. Mean subject age was 55 years, median body mass index was 28.7 kg/m2, and median time from mesh placement to presentation was 2.7 years. Forty-nine had midurethral sling mesh only, 30 had prolapse-related mesh, and 14 had both. Forty-two subjects (48.9%) had mesh exposures, 19 involving prolapse-related mesh (52.4% transvaginal and 47.4% sacrocolpopexy). Surgical revisions were most often for exposure and pain. Seventy-five women were reached for follow-up; 71 agreed to participate, 53 (75%) returned the questionnaires. Thirty had sling revision, 22 had prolapse mesh revision, and 1 had both. Questionnaire results revealed no changes in health or sexual function after treatment. Postoperatively, subjects reported symptom improvement, low symptom severity, as well as high satisfaction and low regret with the decision to pursue surgical intervention.

Conclusions
Women with mesh complications presented 2 years after initial placement, most often complaining of exposure or pain/dyspareunia. Although no changes in health or sexual functioning were noted postoperatively, participants reported symptom improvement after revision and satisfaction with the decision to pursue treatment.
Effect of Cystocele Repair on Cervix Location in Women With Uterus In Situ
Authors: Swenson Carolyn W. , Morgan Daniel M. , George Jenny , DeLancey John O. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction and Hypothesis
Our objective was to test the hypothesis that cystocele repair, in the absence of hysterectomy or apical suspension, results in higher cervix location in some women.

Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of women with a uterus in situ who underwent native tissue anterior repair without hysterectomy/apical suspension from 2008 to 2014. Demographics, medical history, and preoperative and 6-week postoperative Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System measurements were abstracted. Cervix location was defined by the clinic Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System point C value. Women with higher (more negative) postoperative point C values were compared with those with a lower (more positive)/unchanged point C.

Results
Of the 33 women included, mean age was 59.8 ± 11.3 years. Median preoperative point C was −6.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: −6.75, −5.0) and point Ba was +2.0 (IQR: +0.5, +3.0). Point C was higher postoperatively in 21 (64%) of 33 women. Overall, point C was 1 cm higher post- versus preoperatively (−7.0 [IQR: −8.0, −6.0] vs −6.0 [IQR: −6.75, −5.0], P < 0.001) and point Ba was 4 cm higher (−2 [IQR: −3.0, −2.0] vs 2.0 [IQR: 0.5, 3.0], P < 0.001). Compared with women with lower/unchanged postoperative point C, those with higher point C were older (53.9 ± 12.3 vs 63.1 ± 9.4, P = 0.02) with lower parity (3.0 [IQR: 2.0, 3.0] vs 2.0 [IQR: 2.0, 3.0], P = 0.028).

Conclusions
The test of our hypothesis shows that in certain women with cystocele, anterior repair alone may be associated with higher cervix location 6 weeks postoperatively.
One and the Same? Nocturnal Enuresis and Overactive Bladder in the Female Veteran Population: Evaluation of a Large National Database
Authors: Ninivaggio Cara , Riese Heather , Dunivan Gena C. , Jeppson Peter C. , Komesu Yuko M. , Murata Allison , Murata Glen , Rogers Rebecca G. , Cichowski Sara B. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives
The aims of this study were to describe relationships between women given a diagnosis of nocturnal enuresis (NE) and controls without any urinary complaints and to compare women with NE with those with overactive bladder (OAB). We hypothesized that NE has unique associations with demographics and medical and psychosocial diagnoses.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a database that included all female veterans who established care with a primary care provider from 1997 to 2015. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes identified women with a diagnosis of NE or OAB. Patient characteristics, medical diagnoses, and psychosocial factors previously described as relating to NE and/or OAB were compared between the 2 distinct comparative groups, with significance set at P < 0.05. Stepwise logistic regression was used to assess all significant findings.

Results
A total of 596,815 women were identified; controls totaled 570,049, the group with OAB totaled 26,446 (4.4%), and the group with NE totaled 301 (0.05%).
Multivariable analysis compared the group with NE with controls; all measured psychosocial characteristics remained significantly associated with an NE diagnosis (all Ps < 0.05), as well as obstructive sleep apnea history, stroke, self-identification as “minority,” smoking, hypertension, and a body mass index higher than those of the general control population (all Ps < 0.05).
When the populations with NE and OAB were compared, a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder, an overdose history, depression, military sexual trauma, increasing body mass index, and younger age remained significantly associated with NE (all Ps < 0.05).

Conclusions
The association of NE with psychosocial characteristics and psychiatric illnesses persisted irrespective of the comparison population. Practitioners should investigate the diagnosis of NE in those female veterans with psychosocial issues.
Radiographic Misdiagnoses After Periurethral Bulking Agents
Authors: Gaines Natalie , Gupta Priyanka , Khourdaji Ayad S. , Ehlert Michael , Parikh Keval , Kohli Harjivan , Sirls Larry T. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives
Injectable urethral bulking agents are commonly used to manage stress urinary incontinence. Urologic or other symptoms may prompt pelvic imaging at a later date, when bulking agents may be visualized and incorrectly interpreted. Our goal was to evaluate the incidence of misdiagnosis and which pathologies were the most common misinterpretations and their frequency.

Methods
All records were reviewed for patients who underwent periurethral injection for stress urinary incontinence for pelvic imaging after treatment from 2005 to 2015. Radiological reports were reviewed for any description potentially related to injection therapy, and descriptive statistics performed.

Results
A total of 528 patients underwent injection of a urethral bulking agent. Of these, 79 patients (15%) had a total of 111 additional abdominal or pelvic imaging studies performed with abnormal periurethral findings mentioned. Thirty-nine (35%) of 111 studies were correctly interpreted as urethral bulking agents, and in 72 (65%) of 111 studies, the urethral bulking agents were not correctly identified. The most common misdiagnoses were bladder calcification (26; 23%), urethral diverticulum with stone (12; 11%), periurethral calcification (9; 8%), unknown pelvic density (8; 7%), and mass suspicious for malignancy (6; 5%).

Conclusions
Urethral bulking agents commonly were not mentioned on subsequent imaging but, when commented on, were misinterpreted 65% of the time including worrisome pathologies (diverticulum with stone, unknown mass, and malignancy), requiring subsequent evaluation and potentially procedural/surgical management. It is critical for the ordering clinician to inform the radiologist of this history and for radiologists to consider bulking agents in the differential diagnosis of radiographic findings in this location.
Obesity and Perioperative Complications in Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery in 2013: Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Pratt Toya S. , Hudson Catherine O. , Northington Gina M. , Greene Kristie A. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives
The primary aim of this study was to determine the impact of obesity on national rates of perioperative complications in women undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgery in 2013 in the United States.

Methods
Women who underwent pelvic reconstructive surgery were identified in the 2013 National Inpatient Sample using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision procedure codes. Demographic data and comorbidities including obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) were abstracted. Perioperative complications and mortalities that occurred during the same admission were abstracted from the data set using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes. The complication rates were compared between obese and nonobese subjects. Univariate analysis was performed to determine factors associated with the primary outcome. Significant factors were included in the regression model to determine the adjusted odds ratio for perioperative complications in obese women.

Results
A total of 16,639 women underwent pelvic reconstructive surgery in the 2013 National Inpatient Sample data set and were included in the analysis. Approximately 10% of the study cohort was obese. The overall perioperative complication rate during the surgical admission was 25%. On multivariate analysis, obesity was found to increase the odds of perioperative complications by approximately 40% after controlling for age, race, income, concomitant hysterectomy, and medical comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–1.58; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Obesity is an independent risk factor for perioperative complications in women who undergo pelvic reconstructive surgery. This information can be used for preoperative counseling and risk stratification.
Myasthenia gravis: new developments in research and treatment
Authors: Evoli Amelia 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
Myasthenia gravis, a rare disorder of the neuromuscular transmission, is increasingly acknowledged as a syndrome more than as a single disease. This review summarizes recent advances in pathophysiology which confirm the disease heterogeneity, and may help find disease-targeted and patient-targeted therapies.

Recent findings
Antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor, the muscle-specific tyrosine kinase and the lipoprotein receptor protein 4, characterize disease subtypes with distinct clinical traits and immune-pathogenic mechanisms. Genome-wide approaches have identified susceptibility loci within genes that participate in the immune response. Regulatory T and B cells appear to be defective in myasthenia gravis. In patients with acetylcholine receptor antibodies, thymectomy associated with prednisone proved more effective than prednisone alone in a multicenter randomized trial. New therapeutic options target B cells, B-cell growth factors and complement inhibition, and are currently reserved for patients with refractory disease.

Summary
In the recent past, there has been an active search for new antigens in myasthenia gravis, whereas clinical and experimental studies have provided new insights of crucial pathways in immune regulation, which might become the targets of future therapeutic interventions.
Quantum communication with coherent states of light
Authors: Khan Imran , Elser Dominique , Dirmeier Thomas , Marquardt Christoph , Leuchs Gerd 
Published: June 2017

Quantum communication offers long-term security especially, but not only, relevant to government and industrial users. It is worth noting that, for the first time in the history of cryptographic encoding, we are currently in the situation that secure communication can be based on the fundamental laws of physics (information theoretical security) rather than on algorithmic security relying on the complexity of algorithms, which is periodically endangered as standard computer technology advances. On a fundamental level, the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on the non-orthogonality of the quantum states used. So even coherent states are well suited for this task, the quantum states that largely describe the light generated by laser systems. Depending on whether one uses detectors resolving single or multiple photon states or detectors measuring the field quadratures, one speaks of, respectively, a discrete- or a continuous-variable description. Continuous-variable QKD with coherent states uses a technology that is very similar to the one employed in classical coherent communication systems, the backbone of today’s Internet connections. Here, we review recent developments in this field in two connected regimes: (i) improving QKD equipment by implementing front-end telecom devices and (ii) research into satellite QKD for bridging long distances by building upon existing optical satellite links.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantum technology for the 21st century’.
Noise management to achieve superiority in quantum information systems
Authors: Nemoto Kae , Devitt Simon , Munro William J. 
Published: June 2017

Quantum information systems are expected to exhibit superiority compared with their classical counterparts. This superiority arises from the quantum coherences present in these quantum systems, which are obviously absent in classical ones. To exploit such quantum coherences, it is essential to control the phase information in the quantum state. The phase is analogue in nature, rather than binary. This makes quantum information technology fundamentally different from our classical digital information technology. In this paper, we analyse error sources and illustrate how these errors must be managed for the system to achieve the required fidelity and a quantum superiority.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantum technology for the 21st century’.
Quantum photonic network and physical layer security
Authors: Sasaki Masahide , Endo Hiroyuki , Fujiwara Mikio , Kitamura Mitsuo , Ito Toshiyuki , Shimizu Ryosuke , Toyoshima Morio 
Published: June 2017

Quantum communication and quantum cryptography are expected to enhance the transmission rate and the security (confidentiality of data transmission), respectively. We study a new scheme which can potentially bridge an intermediate region covered by these two schemes, which is referred to as quantum photonic network. The basic framework is information theoretically secure communications in a free space optical (FSO) wiretap channel, in which an eavesdropper has physically limited access to the main channel between the legitimate sender and receiver. We first review a theoretical framework to quantify the optimal balance of the transmission efficiency and the security level under power constraint and at finite code length. We then present experimental results on channel characterization based on 10 MHz on–off keying transmission in a 7.8 km terrestrial FSO wiretap channel.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantum technology for the 21st century’.
Metagenomics reveals niche partitioning within the phototrophic zone of a microbial mat
Authors: Lee Jackson Z , Everroad R Craig , Karaoz Ulas , Detweiler Angela M , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Weber Peter K , Prufert-Bebout Leslie , Bebout Brad M 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHypersaline photosynthetic microbial mats are stratified microbial communities known for their taxonomic and metabolic diversity and strong light-driven day-night environmental gradients. In this study of the upper photosynthetic zone of hypersaline microbial mats of Elkhorn Slough, California (USA), we show how reference-based and reference-free methods can be used to meaningfully assess microbial ecology and genetic partitioning in these complex microbial systems. Mapping of metagenome reads to the dominantCyanobacteriaobserved in the system,Coleofasciculus (Microcoleus) chthonoplastes, was used to examine strain variants within these metagenomes. Highly conserved gene subsystems indicate a core genome for the species, and a number of variant genes and subsystems suggest strain level differentiation, especially for carbohydrate utilization. Metagenome sequence coverage binning was used to assess ecosystem partitioning of remaining microbes. Functional gene annotation of these bins (primarily ofProteobacteria, Bacteroidetes,andCyanobacteria) recapitulated the known biogeochemical functions in microbial mats using a genetic basis, and also revealed evidence of novel functional diversity within theGemmatimonadetesandGammaproteobacteria. Combined, these two approaches show how genetic partitioning can inform biogeochemical partitioning of the metabolic diversity within microbial ecosystems.
Worldwide genetic variation of the IGHV and TRBV immune receptor gene families in humans
Authors: Luo Shishi , Yu Jane A. , Li Heng , Song Yun S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) and T cell beta variable (TRBV) loci are among the most complex and variable regions in the human genome. Generated through a process of gene duplication/deletion and diversification, these loci can vary extensively between individuals in copy number and contain genes that are highly similar, making their analysis technically challenging. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the functional gene segments in the IGHV and TRBV loci, quantifying their copy number and single nucleotide variation in a globally diverse sample of 109 (IGHV) and 286 (TRBV) humans from over a hundred populations. We find that the IGHV and TRBV gene families exhibit starkly different patterns of variation. In particular, with hundreds of copy number haplotypes (instances that have differences in the number of functional gene segments), the IGHV locus has undergone more frequent gene duplication/deletion compared to the TRBV locus, which has only a few copy number haplotypes. In contrast, the TRBV locus has a greater or at least equal propensity to mutate, as evidenced by greater single nucleotide variation, compared to the IGHV locus. Thus, despite common molecular and functional characteristics, the genes that comprise the IGHV and TRBV loci have evolved in strikingly different ways. As well as providing insight into the different evolutionary paths the IGHV and TRBV loci have taken, our results are also important to the adaptive immune repertoire sequencing community, where the lack of frequencies of common alleles and copy number variants is hampering existing analytical pipelines.
Taking the short- or long-chain route: conversion efficiency of alpha linolenic acid to long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in aerial insectivore chicks
Authors: Twining Cornelia W. , Lawrence Peter , Winkler David W. , Flecker Alexander S. , Brenna J. Thomas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFood availability and quality are both critical for growing young animals. In nature, swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and other aerial insectivores feed on both aquatic insects, which are rich in omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) and terrestrial insects, which contain considerably less LCPUFA. Carnivorous mammals and fishes must obtain LCPUFA from diet, as they have lost the capacity to convert the precursor omega-3 ALA into LCPUFA. Thus, the relative value of aquatic versus terrestrial insects depends not only on the fatty acid composition of the prey, but also upon the capacity of consumers to convert ALA into LCPUFA. We used a combination of stable-isotope-labeled fatty acid tracers to ask if, and how efficiently, Tree Swallows can deposit newly synthesized LCPUFA into tissue. Our data show for the first time that Tree Swallows can convert ALA into LCPUFA deposited in liver and skeletal muscle. However, high Tree Swallow demand for LCPUFA combined with low ALA availability in natural terrestrial foods may strain their modest conversion ability. This suggests that while Tree Swallows can synthesize LCPUFA de novo, LCPUFA are ecologically essential nutrients in natural systems. Our findings thus provide mechanistic support for our previous findings and the importance of LCPUFA-rich aquatic insects for Tree Swallows and most likely other aerial insectivores with similar niches.Summary StatementA stable-isotope-labeled tracer reveals the mechanism for omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) limitation in a wild avian insectivore, showing that LCPUFA are an ecologically essential nutrient.
High-Resolution Maps of Mouse Reference Populations
Authors: Simecek Petr , Forejt Jiri , Williams Robert W. , Shiroishi Toshihiko , Takada Toyoyuki , Lu Lu , Johnson Thomas E. , Bennett Beth , Deschepper Christian F. , Scott-Boyer Marie-Pier , Churchill Gary , Pardo-Manuel de Villena Fernando 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGenetic reference panels are widely used to map complex, quantitative traits in model organisms. We have generated new high-resolution genetic maps of 259 mouse inbred strains from recombinant inbred strain panels (C57BL/6J x DBA/2J, ILS/IbgTejJ x ISS/IbgTejJ, C57BL/6J x A/J) and chromosome substitution strain panels (C57BL/6J-Chr#<A/J>, C57BL/6J-Chr#<PWD/Ph>, C57BL/6JChr#<MSM/Ms>). We genotyped all samples using the Affymetrix Mouse Diversity Array with an average inter-marker spacing of 4.3kb. The new genetic maps provide increased precision in the localization of recombination breakpoints compared to the previous maps. Although the strains were presumed to be fully inbred, we found residual heterozygosity in 40% of individual mice from five of the six panels. We also identifiedde novodeletions and duplications, in homozygous or heterozygous state, ranging in size from 21kb to 8.4Mb. Almost two–thirds (46 out of 76) of these deletions overlap exons of protein coding genes and may have phenotypic consequences. Twenty-nine putative gene conversions were identified in the chromosome substitution strains. We find that gene conversions are more likely to occur in regions where the homologous chromosomes are more similar. The raw genotyping data and genetic maps of these strain panels are available athttp://churchill-lab.jax.org/website/MDA.
Tonic Inhibition is Abolished in GABAAReceptor γ2R43Q Knock-in Mice with Absence Epilepsy and Febrile Seizures
Authors: Mangan Kile P. , Potter Wyatt B. , Nelson Aaron B. , Petrou Steve , Johnson Stephen M. , Roopra Avtar , Cirelli Chiara , Jones Mathew V. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe γ2R43Q GABAAreceptor mutation confers absence epilepsy in humans, and γ2R43Q knock-in mice (RQ) display absence seizures and generalized spike-and-wave discharges reminiscent of their human counterparts. Previous work on several rodent models led to the conclusion that elevated tonic inhibition in thalamic neurons is necessary and sufficient to produce typical absence epilepsy. In contrast, here we used patch-clamp electrophysiology in brain slices to show that RQ mice entirely lack tonic inhibition in principal cells of layer II/III somatosensory cortex and ventrobasal thalamus. Additionally, protein quantification and multielectrode electrophysiology show that the mutation interferes with trafficking of GABAAreceptor subunits involved in generating tonic currents, leading to increased cortical firing and decreased thalamic bursting rates. Together with previous work, our results suggest that an optimum level of tonic inhibition is required for normal thalamocortical function, such that deviations in either direction away from this optimum enhance susceptibility to absence seizures.