bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The activities of the USSR State security agencies to ensure public safety in Lithuania during the interwar period
Authors: Bugaev V. N. 
Published: October 2024

Importance. The events taking place in the territory of Lithuania in the interwar period are still controversial among politicians and historians today. Many “blank spots” of that time in this territory were closed for research for a long time, which gave rise to speculation and falsifications. The article examines the activities of state security agencies to ensure public security in the territory of Lithuania in the period from 1921 to 22.06.1941 using historical examples. The purpose of the study is to show the historical events taking place in Lithuania and the activities of the state security agencies to ensure public security in the interwar period in the republic.Materials and methods. The research is based on declassified archival documents of the State Archives of the Russian Federation and the Russian State Archives of Contemporary History. The materials of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR – the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (1934–1960), the 4th Special Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (1931–1959) and on political repression and rehabilitation of the illegally repressed were studied.Results and Discussion. As a result of the October Revolution of 1917, Lithuania gained its independence. Starting from 1919, nationalist organizations were created in Lithuania, the task of which was to voluntarily assist the police in the fight against the Communists and to assist intelligence agencies in espionage against the USSR. With the entry of Lithuania into the USSR, the activities of nationalists intensified. Before the attack on the USSR, the state security agencies launched a preventive blow against the nationalist underground and their accomplices, which reduced their activity in the initial period of the Great Patriotic War.Conclusion. The liquidation of the leaders of the nationalist underground and their accomplices allowed the USSR state security agencies to prevent the destabilization of public order in Lithuania on the eve of the German attack on the Soviet Union.
The British Digital Press Archive as a source on the history of the collective memory of the First World War participants in the interwar period
Authors: Inkin V. V. 
Published: October 2024

Importance. The 110th anniversary of the First World War outbreak awakens in the public and scientific community not only discussions about the causes of the conflict, but also forces us to turn to the legacy of this process. In this regard, the work actualizes the theme of historical memory of the “Great War”. The purpose of the study is to reflect the complex of the legacy of the First World War in Great Britain in the 1930s by referring to the British Newspaper Archive.Materials and Methods. For the analysis of historical memory in the Great Britain, memoirs, monumental art, works of cinema, music, and many others are often involved. Methods of working with the British newspaper Archive are considered and, based on a specific historical method, we will reflect the perception of the First World War in British society and the situation of veterans in the 1930s. The method of quantitative content analysis is used. The necessary database of source material is selected by keywords, then the selected sources are grouped according to a certain topic. Memoirs, monumental art, works of cinema, music and much more are often used to analyze historical memory in Great Britain. In this work, we will look at the techniques of working with the British Newspaper Archive and, based on a specific historical method, reflect the perception of the First World War in British society and the situation of veterans in the 1930s. Due to the free access to a huge mass of English-language sources, this digital archive is of interest to researchers. The work uses the method of quantitative content analysis.Results and Discussion. During the study of press materials, it can be stated that the following agenda has been identified in the historical memory and legacy of the First World War in Great Britain in the 1930s: 1) the presence of narratives reflecting the pride of British society for the heroism of soldiers and sorrow for the many sacrifices they made in the name of victory in the war; 2) despite the discussions’ existence about the frontline brotherhood during the war period, after the war, veterans rallied into unions and organizations engaged in a wide variety of support (from mediation when applying for a job to appeals to the authorities about pension provision).Conclusion. Thus, despite the apparent immensity of the digital database of the British Newspaper Archive, the application of the well-known methodological principle of “Occam’s razor” makes it possible to compile a corpus of sources that meet the purpose of the study. Immersion in the press materials themselves allows the researcher to immerse himself more in the socio-cultural context of Great Britain in the 1930s. Due to the complexity of the information from the studied sources.
The impact of religious diversity on the Kurdish identity within a geopolitical framework
Authors: Baravi M. V. , Tarasova D. A. 
Published: October 2024

Importance. The Kurds are currently dispersed across four countries (Turkey, Syria, Iran, and Iraq), which are quite negative towards them, trying to suppress expression of their identity. Historiographically, the Kurdish issue is usually perceived as another obstacle to regional stability in the Middle East, but the uniqueness of their position forces us to look at the situation from a different perspective. The aim of the study is to prove that the experience of asymmetric interaction of Kurds with various social actors can be extrapolated to address the problem of long-term stability in the Middle East and the resolution of other conflicts.Materials and Methods. The research is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity; chronological and structural methods and comparative analysis are used.Results and Discussion. The novelty of the study is that it allows us to consider the religious heterogeneity of the Kurds as a possible positive factor that can be used to build a new Kurdish identity. The peculiarities of the situation of the Kurds in different territories, including in a religious context, are also analyzed. The trends in ethnic relations in the territories of four nearby countries (Syria, Iraq, Iran, and Turkey) are determined.Conclusion. The eclectic nature of Kurdistan’s religious composition has greatly influenced Kurdish political identity, and despite external divisive factors, the diverse Kurdish population is united due to its culture of tolerance, which stems from its long history of diverse religious traditions. At the same time, it complicates their interactions with the neighbouring states that are intolerant of dissent and other faiths.
Development of phonetic skills of students in teaching English in a non-linguistic university
Authors: Skripnikova T. I. , Gevorgyan A. G. 
Published: October 2024

Importance. The topicality of teaching students the right pronunciation is explained by the fact that phonetic aspect is one of the components of the language competence. The problem of necessity of forming a phonetic competence of students studying a foreign language at a non-linguistic institution is considered. The aim of the study is to consider the difficulties of developing students’ phonetic skills when teaching English in a non-linguistic university, as well as the suggestion of measures to eliminate these difficulties.Materials and Methods. Within the framework of the research, referring to modern scientific sources on the problem posed, the basic difficulties have been revealed, the material related to measures on solving the difficulties of students in the development of pronunciation skills has been systematized and generalized, various measures to eliminate errors and improve pronunciation skills have been proposed.Results and Discussion. The examples of traditional phonetic exercises of varying complexity, as well as innovative ones, the use of which is supposed to improve the pronunciation skills of students, are considered; methods for assessing phonetic skills have been defined.Conclusion. Forming of phonetic competence is an important component of the general language competence of students. By means of a variety of teaching materials, active practice and creating a suitable environment, students can improve their phonetic skills and achieve a higher level of English proficiency. The practical application of the results of the research can be used in teaching English at a non-linguistic university.
Implementation of Coupled 3D Geomechanics and Pore Pressure Model in Field Development Optimization: A Case Study from Depleted Sand Reservoir Interbedded with Weak Shale Intervals, Safa Field, Egypt
Authors: El-Khawaga M. A. , Abdelghany W. K. , Abdelhalim K. B. , Naidu R. , Morsy A. M. , Eid T. , Emara A. A. , Guerra J. , Saad A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Safa Field is a newly established onshore oilfield located in the southern central region of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. It features a complex Miocene stratigraphic reservoir known as the "Hawara Sandstone Formation," which is capped by thick layers of shale and carbonate that act as a cap rock. After 22 years of production, the field has begun to show signs of water-cutting. Significant depletion has occurred within the sandstone layers due to continuous production. As a result, the reservoir pressure has dropped from an initial 4,200 psi at 9,600 feet to approximately 2,200 psi. Initially, using high mud weight was not problematic when drilling the reservoir. However, with the significant drop in pressure, it has become impossible to drill through all formations as before. The shale formations require high mud weight to prevent collapse, while the sandstone layers need lower mud weight to avoid mud losses. This paper emphasizes the role of high-resolution 3D geomechanical modeling in optimizing well costs for the Safa Oil Field. By integrating geological, geophysical, petrophysical, reservoir pressure, and drilling data, the study introduced a new casing set and optimized mud weight design tailored to the current stress conditions following depletion. The revised mud weight calculations positively influenced the casing design for two new wells. Additionally, an extensive uniaxial compressive strength analysis was conducted on the reservoir, resulting in the development of a new unconfined compressive strength equation. This equation, derived from an empirical relationship with total porosity, helped to reduce uncertainties in calculations for the reservoir section.
Extensive Development of Highly Diverse and Multi-Reservoir Field Using Numerical/Analytical Modeling Yields Significant Production and Recovery Boosts in Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: Ibrahim Shrief , Elshafei Ahmed , Fathy M. , Adel Ahmed , Gad Ramy , Mahmoud W. , Eldash A. , El Gendy Y. E. , Osman M. , Gomaa R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe good characterization of reservoir properties and extensions simplifies its development plan including appraisal/infill drilling, completion type, and reserves estimation, especially, in fields with multi-layered reservoirs characterized by complicated geology environment where abrupt changes in stratigraphy are expected in vertical and lateral directions. And all those layers need to be developed at the same time with different completion type causing surface complexities, which makes the challenges of field development plans reach its peak.This paper will demonstrate the development study of field producing from six separate reservoirs. All of them are sandstones that are formed mainly due to stratigraphic trapping, forming different pressure systems within the same reservoir, and characterized with different drive mechanisms with different aquifer strengths. In addition, all sand bodies are of high heterogeneity in terms of permeability, porosity, and initial water saturations. Moreover, all reservoirs are subject to water flooding projects and many wells are subject to commingle production/injection. Aforementioned, each reservoir has its own characterization and hence its own development plan.A numerical simulation model was constructed to match each well and reservoir in terms of production, injection, and pressure profiles. All possible analytical tools (MBE, RTA, & DCA) were used to estimate STOIIP, compartments and their volumes, and drive mechanisms. Then, those analyses and OHLs were used to adapt sand extensions in the numerical model. Also, PTAs were used to provide permeability ranges in each pressure system and define its share of production. Besides, different FDPs were tested to choose the optimum one with highest RF and least NPV. The development strategies adapted to suit each reservoir, as in some cases it was better to out run the aquifer at the initial phase of production, then start injection in the next phase, while in other cases applying heavy water flooding is the best to sweep oil and increase recovery. Moreover, surface networks were optimized using nodal analysis to perform with maximum efficiency to minimize pressure losses and corrosion. After doing so, it is managed to save the cost of drilling four wells, increase the production profile by more than 10,000 BOPD, and RF is expected to reach exceptional values +/- 50%.The transition of development optimization from reservoir scale to multi-discipline field scale is a mandatory step to achieve optimum, extensive, and inclusive project's plan. And to do so, all concerned departments should collaborate together and all available tools (analytical and numerical) should be used and combined together to facilitate production and injection from/to reservoir passing by different completion types and surface flow lines.
Enhancing Nutritional Care in Palliative Care Units: Assessing Nurse Knowledge and Quality Perception in Enteral Nutrition Practices
Authors: BATU Zehra , MARAŞ Gül BÜLBÜL , TURAN Kadriye 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Sufficient and well-balanced nutrition is pivotal in sustaining essential functions among patients in palliative care units.
Aim: To determine the knowledge levels of nurses working in palliative care units regarding enteral nutrition practices and their perceptions of nutritional care quality in their units.
Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 25 palliative care units located in Izmir, Türkiye, between June and September 2022. The study sample consisted of 205 nurses working in palliative care units. Data were collected using a general information form, an Enteral Nutrition Practices Knowledge Form, and the Nurses' Perceived Nutrition Care Quality Assessment Scale. STROBE checklist was used.
Results: The study found that the majority of participating nurses (94.6%) were female, with 78.5% holding bachelor's degrees. The median knowledge score for enteral nutrition: 15 (range: 2-27), perceived care quality score: 36 (range: 9-45). Those with enteral nutrition training had significantly higher knowledge scores (p <.001); palliative care certificate showed no difference (p = .846). Nurses lacking nutrition counseling knowledge had lower perceived care quality scores (p = 0.001). Monthly tube feeding applications correlated positively with knowledge scores (r = .173, p = .013), unlike professional experience duration (p= .126) and time spent in palliative care (p = .839).
Conclusion: Nurses working in the palliative care unit find the quality of nutrition care provided to patients in their clinics to be sufficient, and the level of knowledge regarding enteral nutrition is at a moderate level. However, in questions related to nursing care such as fluid requirements during enteral nutrition with enteral solutions that affect both nutritional care and medical treatment, maintaining the opening of the jejunostomy tube, and enteral drug administration, correct response rates were low. Low correct response rates on specific issues highlight a need for targeted educational interventions.
Conservative Management of Pseudomeningocele Secondary to Lumbar Laminectomy: A Case Report.
Authors: Ahmadi Hanieh , Roomizadeh Peyman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Pseudomeningocele is a rare complication following laminectomy, which can present with various symptoms. This case report aims to highlight the successful conservative management of a patient who developed a pseudomeningocele after lumbar disc herniation surgery.
Case presentation:
A 41-year-old woman presented with persistent low back pain radiating to both lower limbs after a previous laminectomy surgery. Despite the severity of her pain, there were no signs of neurological deficits. An MRI revealed a pseudomeningocele, indicating a dural leak as a result of the previous surgery. The patient was managed conservatively with pain control, rest, exercises, and physical therapy. Over a six-week period, her symptoms gradually improved, and at the 12-month follow-up, she reported minimal residual discomfort with no signs of recurrence or neurological deficits. Follow-up MRI performed one year postoperatively showed a remarkable reduction in the size of the meningocele compared to the postoperative image.
Conclusion
This case report illustrates the successful outcome of conservative management in a patient presenting with a pseudomeningocele following lumbar disc herniation surgery. Early recognition and appropriate management of this complication are vital to prevent potential neurological sequelae. Further studies and continued awareness of conservative management approaches for pseudomeningocele are warranted to establish evidence-based guidelines for patient care.
The Platform Trial In COVID-19 Vaccine priming and BOOsting (PICOBOO) booster vaccination substudy protocol
Authors: McLeod Charlie , Dymock Michael , Flanagan Katie L , Plebanski Magdalena , Marshall Helen , Marsh Julie , Estcourt Marie J , Ramsay Jessica , Wadia Ushma , Williams Phoebe CM , Tjiam Christian , Subbarao Kanta , Nicholson Suellen , Faust Saul N , Thornton Ruth B , McKenzie Anne , Snelling Tom L , Richmond Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in Australia commenced in February 2021. The first vaccines recommended for use were AZD1222 and BNT162b2, both delivered as a two-dose primary schedule. In the absence of sustained immunity following immunisation, recommendations for booster vaccination have followed. It is likely that periodic boosting will be necessary for at least some Australians, but it is unknown what the optimal booster vaccines and schedules are, or for whom vaccination should be recommended.
Methods: The Platform Trial In COVID-19 priming and BOOsting (PICOBOO) is a multi-site, multi-arm, randomised, Bayesian adaptive platform trial evaluating different booster vaccine interventions in immunocompetent children and adults, stratified by their primary vaccination schedule and age. Participants are randomised to receive one of three licensed COVID-19 booster vaccines available for use in Australia. PICOBOO aims to generate evidence about the immunogenicity, reactogenicity and cross-protection of different booster vaccine strategies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants/subvariants. The protocol structure specifying PICOBOO is modular and hierarchical. We have previously published the PICOBOO core (master) protocol. Here we detail the substudy protocol which outlines the study processes which are specific to PICOBOO participants enrolled in the booster vaccination substudy.
Discussion: PICOBOO is an adaptive platform trial evaluating different COVID-19 booster vaccination strategies to generate evidence to inform immunisation practice and policy. The modular and flexible protocol structure is intended to enable investigators to respond with agility to new research questions as they arise, such as immunogenicity targeting emergent virus variants, and the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of new vaccines as they become available for use.
Trial registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12622000238774; registered on 10/02/2022. Protocol V8.0_23112023.
Eight-and-a-half Syndrome as Presentation of Pontine Infarct - A Case Report
Authors: Ho Yan Zheng , Halim Sanihah Abdul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction Eight-and-a-half syndrome is a rare neuro-ophthalmologic syndrome in which the lesion is at the dorsal tegmentum of caudal pons. The syndrome comprises conjugate horizontal gaze palsy and ipsilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (one-and-a-half syndrome), coupled with ipsilateral facial nerve palsy.Case Presentation A 50 years old male teacher with underlying uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hypertension, presented with abrupt onset of diplopia and right facial asymmetry. Clinically he was alert and conscious. Examination revealed left eye exotropia, bilateral eye conjugate right gaze palsy, impaired adduction of right eye, and left eye developed jerk nystagmus to the right upon abduction. There was binocular horizontal diplopia in all directions of gaze. Vestibulo-ocular reflex was absent in both eyes. Besides, he had right hemifacial palsy with House-Brackmann grade of 5. MRI brain shows there is a small focal infarct at right pontine tegmentum, hypointensity in T1 sequence, hyperintensity in T2 sequence, and restricted in DWI sequence. He was treated as eight-and-a-half syndrome secondary to acute ischemic stroke with the involvement of vertebrobasilar artery territory, causing lacunar infarct in the right pontine tegmentum. The risk factors were uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hypertension. After 6 weeks of medical treatment, his facial weakness had improved significantly. The left eye extotropia and right eye adduction have completely resolved. Nonetheless there is residual right gaze palsy.Conclusion Recognition of eight-and-a-half syndrome allows precise anatomical localisation of this pontine lesion. Imaging is often used as a confirmatory tool. A wide range of differential diagnoses has to be considered.