bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long term T cell response and safety of a tetravalent dengue vaccine in healthy children
Authors: Mandaric Sanja , Friberg Heather , Saez-Llorens Xavier , Borja-Tabora Charissa , Biswal Shibadas , Escudero Ian , Faccin Alice , Gottardo Raphael , Brose Manja , Roubinis Nicholas , Fladager Darlene , DeAntonio Rodrigo , Dimero Julie Anne L. , Montenegro Nathali , Folschweiller Nicolas , Currier Jeffrey R. , Sharma Mayuri , Tricou Vianney 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs robust cellular responses are important for protection against dengue, this phase 2 study evaluated the kinetics and phenotype of T cell responses induced by TAK-003, a live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine, in 4–16-year-old living in dengue-endemic countries (NCT02948829). Two hundred participants received TAK-003 on Days 1 and 90. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot assay [ELISPOT] and intracellular cytokine staining were used to analyze T cell response and functionality, using peptide pools representing non-structural (NS) proteins NS3 and NS5 matching DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4 and DENV-2 NS1. One month after the second TAK-003 dose (Day 120), IFN-γ ELISPOT T cell response rates against any peptide pool were 97.1% (95% CI: 93.4% to 99.1%), and similar for baseline dengue seropositive (96.0%) and seronegative (98.6%) participants. IFN-γ ELISPOT T cell response rates at Day 120 were 79.8%, 90.2%, 77.3%, and 74.0%, against DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4, respectively, and remained elevated through 3 years post-vaccination. Multifunctional CD4 and CD8 T cell responses against DENV-2 NS peptides were observed, independent of baseline serostatus: CD8 T cells typically secreted IFN-γ and TNF-α whereas CD4 T cells secreted ≥ 2 of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α cytokines. NAb titers and seropositivity rates remained substantially elevated through 3 years post-vaccination. Overall, TAK-003 was well tolerated and elicited durable T cell responses against all four DENV serotypes irrespective of baseline serostatus in children and adolescents aged 4–16 years living in dengue-endemic countries. TAK-003-elicited CD4 and CD8 T cells were multifunctional and persisted up to 3 years post-vaccination.
Depression in the schistosomiasis japonica population based on the PHQ-9 scale: a cross-sectional survey from Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Hu Aizhen , Liu Dele , Xie Huiqun , Wu Xia , Liu Kexing , Zhang Xuyun , Li Linlin , Zhou Xing , Hu Fei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDepression is the second leading-cause of disability in China. Although studies have shown that more than 80% of patients with advanced schistosomiasis (AS) suffer from anxiety and depression, these study groups are all hospitalized patients with AS and do not represent the extent of the disease in the whole group. To our knowledge, there are no studies assessing the severity of depression in patients with other forms of schistosomiasis japonicum. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the occurrence and potential risk factors of depression in the schistosomiasis endemic population. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jiangxi Province, where schistosomiasis is relatively common in China, as the investigation site. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale was selected to assess the depressive symptoms in the study population. At the same time, basic personal information of the research subjects and relevant socio-economics and schistosomiasis endemic area indicators were collected. The survey results show that AS has the highest incidence of depression (34.35%), while non-advanced schistosomiasis (N-AS) and control group (CG) have 22.35% and 22.24% respectively; the incidence of depression in AS is significantly higher than in N-AS and CG, while there is no statistical significance in the comparison between N-AS and CG; the incidence of mild depressive symptoms accounts for 61.08%-75.54% of the total incidence of depression in different groups; multivariate analysis shows that the occurrence of moderate/severe depressive symptoms in the AS group was significantly related to above 60 years old, male, the combination of other serious diseases, personal financial difficulties, and marshland and lake endemic areas. In the N-AS group, the occurrence of moderate/severe depressive symptoms was significantly related to the combination of other serious diseases, personal financial difficulties, significant correlation between marshland and lake endemic areas and the level of control of schistosomiasis epidemics. In conclusion, depression is still relatively common among patients with schistosomiasis patients, especially those with AS. It is recommended that the government and relevant departments consider mental health care when developing prevention and control work in schistosomiasis-endemic areas, in order to effectively protect the physical and mental health of schistosomiasis patients and residents in endemic areas.
Observation of molecular resonant double-core excitation driven by intense X-ray pulses
Authors: Pelimanni Eetu , Fouda Adam E. A. , Ho Phay J. , Baumann Thomas M. , Bokarev Sergey I. , Fanis Alberto De , Dold Simon , Grell Gilbert , Ismail Iyas , Koulentianos Dimitrios , Mazza Tommaso , Meyer Michael , Piancastelli Maria-Novella , Püttner Ralph , Rivas Daniel E. , Senfftleben Björn , Simon Marc , Young Linda , Doumy Gilles 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ultrashort and intense pulses of X-rays produced at X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) have enabled unique experiments on the atomic level structure and dynamics of matter, with time-resolved studies permitted in the femto- and attosecond regimes. To fully exploit them, it is paramount to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the complex nonlinear interactions that can occur at such extreme X-ray intensities. Herein, we report on the experimental observation of a resonant double-core excitation scheme in N2, where two 1σ core-level electrons are resonantly promoted to unoccupied $$1{\pi }_{g}^{* }$$
1

π

g

*

molecular orbitals by a single few-femtosecond broad-bandwidth XFEL pulse. The production of these neutral two-site double core hole states is evidenced through their characteristic decay channels, which are observed in good agreement with high-level theoretical calculations. Such multi-core excitation schemes, benefiting from the high interaction cross sections and state- and site-selective nature of resonant X-ray interactions, should be generally accessible in XFEL irradiated molecules, and provide interesting opportunities for chemical analysis and for monitoring ultrafast dynamic processes.
Major distribution shifts are projected for key rangeland grasses under a high-emission scenario in East Africa at the end of the 21st century
Authors: Messmer Martina , Eckert Sandra , Torre-Marin Rando Amor , Snethlage Mark , González-Rojí Santos J. , Hurni Kaspar , Beyerle Urs , Hemp Andreas , Kibet Staline , Stocker Thomas F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGrassland landscapes are important ecosystems in East Africa, providing habitat and grazing grounds for wildlife and livestock and supporting pastoralism, an essential part of the agricultural sector. Since future grassland availability directly affects the future mobility needs of pastoralists and wildlife, we aim to model changes in the distribution of key grassland species under climate change. Here we combine a global and regional climate model with a machine learning-based species distribution model to understand the impact of regional climate change on different key grass species. The application of a dynamical downscaling step allows us to capture the fine-scale effects of the region’s complex climate, its variability and future changes. We show that the co-occurrence of the analysed grass species is reduced in large parts of eastern Africa, and particularly in the Turkana region, under the high-emission RCP8.5 scenario for the last 30 years of the 21st century. Our results suggest that future climate change will alter the natural resource base, with potentially negative impacts on pastoralism and wildlife in East Africa.
Coati optimized FOPID controller for non‐isolated DC–DC converters in EV charging application
Authors: Sharma Piyush , Palwalia Dheeraj Kumar , Sharma Ashok Kumar , Priyadarshi Neeraj , Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe transportation sector's shift from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles (EVs) has made enough charging facilities necessary. The converter's architecture has undergone several changes to provide the best possible charging for electric vehicles. For EV charging applications, both isolated and non‐isolated converters are employed. The significant strain on switches and losses in the various converter topologies are among the main problems. To minimize these issues, the current‐fed non‐isolated DC–DC converter is proposed with fewer switching devices. The proposed converter design is validated for the EV charging application in the MATLAB/Simulink tool. Moreover, Coati optimized fractional order proportional integral derivative controller is proposed, which provides optimum switching signals for the converter based on the voltage input. Furthermore, the responses are realized for buck and boost modes of operations. It is verified that zero current switching and zero voltage switching are achieved under boost mode. The results analysis demonstrates that the proposed converter has a higher efficiency of 99.7% and 99.02% in buck and boost mode, respectively.
Simulating images of radio galaxies with diffusion models
Authors: Vičánek Martínez T. , Baron Perez N. , Brüggen M. 
Published: October 2024

Context. With increasing amounts of data produced by astronomical surveys, automated analysis methods have become crucial. Synthetic data are required for developing and testing such methods. Current classical approaches to simulations often suffer from insufficient detail or inaccurate representation of source type occurrences. Deep generative modeling has emerged as a novel way of synthesizing realistic image data to overcome those deficiencies.
Aims. We implemented a deep generative model trained on observations to generate realistic radio galaxy images with full control over the flux and source morphology.
Methods. We used a diffusion model, trained with continuous time steps to reduce sampling time without quality impairments. The two models were trained on two different datasets, respectively. One set was a selection of images obtained from the second data release of the LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). The model was conditioned on peak flux values to preserve signal intensity information after re-scaling image pixel values. The other, smaller set was obtained from the Very Large Array (VLA) survey of Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters (FIRST). In that set, every image was provided with a morphological class label the corresponding model was conditioned on. Conditioned sampling is realized with classifier-free diffusion guidance. We evaluated the quality of generated images by comparing the distributions of different quantities over the real and generated data, including results from the standard source-finding algorithms. The class conditioning was evaluated by training a classifier and comparing its performance on both real and generated data.
Results. We have been able to generate realistic images of high quality using 25 sampling steps, which is unprecedented in the field of radio astronomy. The generated images are visually indistinguishable from the training data and the distributions of different image metrics were successfully replicated. The classifier is shown to perform equally well for real and generated images, indicating strong sampling control over morphological source properties.
Nonthermal GeV emission from the Nereides nebula: Confirming the nature of the supernova remnant G107.7−5.1
Authors: Araya Miguel 
Published: October 2024

Context. Recently, the Nereides nebula was discovered through deep optical emission line observations and was classified as a supernova remnant (SNR) candidate, G107.7−5.1.
Aims. Since very little is known about this SNR, we have looked at several archival datasets to better understand the environment and properties of the object.
Methods. We present a detailed analysis of the gamma-ray emission detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope in the region of the nebula. A model of the nonthermal emission is presented that allows us to derive the particle distribution responsible for the gamma rays. We also use molecular gas and atomic hydrogen observations to try to constrain the source age and distance.
Results. An extended (∼2°) GeV source coincident with the location of the nebula is found. The nonthermal emission has a hard spectrum and is detected up to ∼100 GeV, confirming the SNR nature of this object. The GeV properties of G107.7−5.1 are similar to those of other SNRs such as G150.3​ + ​4.5, and it likely expands in a relatively low-density medium. The Nereides nebula is one more example of a growing population of dim SNRs detected at high energies. A simple leptonic model is able to account for the gamma-ray emission. Standard SNR evolutionary models constrain the age to be in the 10 − 50 kyr range, which is consistent with estimates of the maximum particle energy obtained from GeV observations. However, more detailed observations of the source should be carried out to better understand its properties.
D-dimer—An International Assessment of the Quality of Laboratory Testing: Implications for D-dimer Use in the Real World
Authors: Elbaz Carolyne , Hollestelle Martine J. , Meijer Piet , Liederman Zachary , Selby Rita 
Published: October 2024

AbstractD-dimer assessment has several established roles in venous thromboembolism (VTE) and disseminated intravascular coagulation diagnosis, and recently the risk stratification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). D-dimer assays are neither standardized nor harmonized, use varying methodologies, and use different reporting units, all resulting in a lack of interchangeability and generalizability of assays. Using large multiyear datasets from an international laboratory quality assurance program, we assessed (1) common D-dimer assays in use worldwide, (2) differences in analytical performance between different methods, and (3) interlaboratory variability between positive samples. External proficiency testing results from laboratories participating in the External Quality Control for Assays and Tests (ECAT) Foundation were analyzed from 2017 to 2023. Annually, between 578 and 690 laboratories participated in the D-dimer sample surveys with response rates ranging from 88 to 97%. The three most common assays in use in 2023 were the Siemens Innovance D-dimer (42%), the IL HemosIL D-dimer HS 500 (20%), and the Diagnostica Stago (Stago) Liatest D-dimer Plus (10%)—all these are automated, quantitative, latex immunoassays expressed in fibrinogen equivalent units (FEU). The highest interlaboratory variability was observed around the typical VTE exclusion threshold of 0.5 mg/L FEU. Lower interlaboratory variability was observed at values above 0.8 mg/L FEU. Our study provides recent, international performance data on currently used D-dimer assays and describes the significant variability between assays and across D-dimer concentrations. We demonstrate that assays are not interchangeable and that using them interchangeably has the potential to result in clinically important errors. There is an urgent need to educate users about these issues and to work towards harmonizing D-dimer units and reporting.
Post-fire clumping of seedlings of Cape Proteaceae species: ecological, evolutionary and conservation implications
Authors: Midgley J. J. , Cramer M. D. , Schutte-Vlok A. L. , Veldtman A. 
Published: October 2024

Background Spatial clumping of plants results in intense competition. Aims We analysed the extent of clumping of Proteaceae seedlings across the Cape Floristic Region after fire. Methods To demonstrate the extent of clumping in 23 species, we analysed the seedling and adult densities in 290 post-fire surveys each of 100 × 1 m2 plots using standard indices of clumping. Key results We detected clumping of Cape Proteaceae seedlings, whereas parent plants were less clumped. The clumping is not due to limited safe sites for seedlings because the number of plots at a site with at least one seedling was positively related to the number of seedlings at the site. Sites with seedlings were enriched in nutrients relative to those without. Conclusions The possible benefits of clumping are saturation of granivores and co-location of buried seeds with nutrient-rich patches of fire-derived ash and debris. A cause of clumping is seeds sticking together. Clumping, which is strongly intraspecific, has implications for trait evolution and the dominance of reseeders over resprouters. Strong clumping reduces the usefulness of the widely used seedling:parent index to determine whether fires were favourable or not. Implications Clumping has implications for understanding seed dispersal distances, seedling versus adult traits, fire responses and demography.
Sustainable Insect Farming: A System and One Health Approach for Effective Management
Authors: Barragán-Fonseca Karol B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Sustainable insect farming provides significant benefits for human, animal, and environmental health, contributing to multiple Sustainable Development Goals. This document explores how insect farming may improve nutrition, contribute to people’s livelihoods, and increase environmental resilience. It examines the key stages of insect production, including reproduction, incubation, and growth, and how to optimize both efficiency and sustainability during all stages of production. Following the One Health approach, it assesses the benefits and risks associated with insect farming, including potential disease transmission and presence of allergens. Strategies for improving sustainability are discussed, including adopting best practices, promoting circular food systems, and adapting production methods to specific regions. This document emphasizes the need for continuous research, innovation, and public outreach, and provides a framework for addressing challenges to – and maximizing the potential of – insect farming to contribute to developing sustainable agri-food systems.

Information
© The Author 2024
Battling Wheat Rust in South Africa: Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Pretorius Zacharias A. , Terefe Tarekegn , Visser Botma , Boshoff Willem H.P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Rust diseases are seasonal in occurrence but remain a threat to wheat production in South Africa. Adaptation of local races for pathogenic variability, the incursion of exotic variants, the successful survival of pathogens between cropping seasons, susceptibility of some varieties, and favourable environmental conditions, all contribute to rust incidence. Rust surveillance and race typing of
Puccinia graminis
f. sp.
tritici
(
Pgt
) and
P. triticina
(
Pt
) have been conducted since the 1980s, with
P. striiformis
f. sp.
tritici
(
Pst
) being added in 1996. To support race phenotyping, molecular characterisation of key isolates was initiated in 2007. Between 2007 and 2022, 11 new
Pt
races, 8 new
Pgt
races, and 1 new
Pst
race confirmed a continued evolution of South African wheat rust populations. Isolates of important races are used for rigorous germplasm evaluation and risk assessment of commercial varieties. Although resistance is the management method of choice, fungicides are regularly applied against a panel of fungal pathogens, likewise protecting crops against rust. Yield loss studies, genetics of resistance, germplasm enrichment, marker development and application, support to breeding companies, chemical control, and the communication of rust data and relevant information, are themes contributed by stakeholders combatting the wheat rusts in South Africa.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Angle-selective surface based on aperture-coupled frequency-selective surface
Authors: Xu Honghui , Zhou Dongfang , Liu Qikun , Wang Yangyang , Qian Hang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, we propose a dual-polarized angle-selective surface (DASS) based on a compact double-layer aperture-coupled frequency-selective surface. The electromagnetic coupling between the compact aperture layers is leveraged to modify the equivalent permittivity and permeability along the normal direction, resulting in excellent dual-polarized, broadband angle-selective characteristics. Additionally, a novel compact stacking approach is introduced to further enhance the angle-selective performance. By tightly stacking two DASS layers, a double-layer DASS (DDASS) structure with superior angle-selective capabilities is achieved. Both structures are fabricated and measured, showing good agreement between the measured and simulated results. Compared to existing dual-polarized angle-selective surfaces, the proposed designs offer advantages such as a low profile and broadband frequency response.
Supercapacitor performance of pure and Ni-doped CuO electrodes prepared by USP
Authors: Demir Kübra Çınar , İskenderoğlu Demet , Güney Harun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique was employed to fabricate pure and 3% Ni-doped copper oxide (CuO) thin films (TFs) on In2O3/SnO2 (ITO) coated glass substrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that both pure and 3% Ni-doped CuO TFs exhibit a polycrystalline structure with the tenorite phase oriented preferentially along the (111) plane. The morphological properties of these TFs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed that the deposited TFs achieved the desired stoichiometry. The electrochemical properties of both pure and 3% Ni-doped CuO TFs were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). At a current density of 1 A g−1, the specific capacitance of pure CuO TFs was found to be 78 F g−1, decreasing to 2 F g−1 at 10 A g−1. In contrast, Ni-doped CuO TFs exhibited a specific capacitance of 722 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 20 F g−1 at 10 A g−1. These results indicate that Ni-doping significantly enhances the specific capacitance values. The superior performance of Ni-doped CuO electrodes is attributed to their uniformly high porosity and improved electrical conductivity, demonstrating Ni-doped CuO as an optimal electrode material for pseudocapacitors.