bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Fetal Limb Soft Tissue Measurements in the Third Trimester Predict Neonatal Adiposity?
Authors: Moore Gaea S. , Allshouse Amanda A. , Fisher Barbra M. , Kahn Bronwen F. , Hernandez Teri L. , Reece Melanie S. , Reynolds Regina M. , Lee Wesley , Barbour Linda A. , Galan Henry L. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesNeonatal adiposity is associated with chronic metabolic sequelae such as diabetes and obesity. Identifying fetuses at risk for excess neonatal body fat may lead to research aimed at limiting nutritional excess in the prenatal period. We sought to determine whether fetal arm and leg soft tissue measurements at 28 weeks' gestation were predictive of neonatal percent body fatMethodsIn this prospective observational cohort study of singleton term pregnancies, we performed sonography at 28 and 36 weeks' gestation, including soft tissue measurements of the fetal arm and thigh (fractional limb volume and cross‐sectional area). We estimated the neonatal body composition (percent body fat) using anthropometric measurements and air displacement plethysmography. We estimated Spearman correlations between sonographic findings and percent body fat and performed modeling to predict neonatal percent body fat using maternal characteristics and sonographic findings.ResultsOur analysis of 44 women yielded a mean maternal age of 30 years, body mass index of 26 kg/m2, and birth weight of 3382 g. Mean neonatal percent body fat was 8.1% by skin folds at birth and 12.2% by air displacement plethysmography 2 weeks after birth. Fractional thigh volume measurements at 28 weeks yielded the most accurate model for predicting neonatal percent body fat (R2 = 0.697; P = .001), outperforming models that used abdominal circumference (R2= 0.516) and estimated fetal weight (R2= 0.489).ConclusionsSoft tissue measurements of the fetal thigh at 28 weeks correlated better with neonatal percent body fat than currently used sonographic measurements. After validation in a larger cohort, our models may be useful for prenatal intervention strategies aimed at the prevention of excess fetal fat accretion and, potentially, optimization of long‐term metabolic health.
Analysis of the distribution of precipitable water vapor in the Chajnantor area
Authors: Cortés Fernando , Reeves Rodrigo , Bustos Ricardo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this work, we present results from a long‐term precipitable water vapor (PWV) study in the Chajnantor area, in northern Chile. Data from several instruments located at relevant sites for submillimeter and midinfrared astronomy were processed to obtain relations between the atmospheric conditions among the sites. The data used for this study can be considered the richest data set to date, because of the geographical sampling of the region, including sites at different altitudes, a time span from 2005 to 2014, and the different techniques and instruments used for the measurements. We validate a method to convert atmospheric opacity from 350 μm tipper radiometers to PWV. An average of 0.68 PWV ratio between Cerro Chajnantor and Llano of Chajnantor was found.
Late‐Pleistocene precipitation δ18O interpolated across the global landmass
Authors: Jasechko Scott 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGlobal water cycles, ecosystem assemblages, and weathering rates were impacted by the ∼4°C of global warming that took place over the course of the last glacial termination. Fossil groundwaters can be useful indicators of late‐Pleistocene precipitation isotope compositions, which, in turn, can help to test hypotheses about the drivers and impacts of glacial‐interglacial climate changes. Here, a global catalog of 126 fossil groundwater records is used to interpolate late‐Pleistocene precipitation δ18O across the global landmass. The interpolated data show that extratropical late‐Pleistocene terrestrial precipitation was near uniformly depleted in 18O relative to the late Holocene. By contrast, tropical δ18O responses to deglacial warming diverged; late‐Pleistocene δ18O was higher‐than‐modern across India and South China but lower‐than‐modern throughout much of northern and southern Africa. Groundwaters that recharged beneath large northern hemisphere ice sheets have different Holocene‐Pleistocene δ18O relationships than paleowaters that recharged subaerially, potentially aiding reconstructions of englacial transport in paleo ice sheets. Global terrestrial late‐Pleistocene precipitation δ18O maps may help to determine 3‐D groundwater age distributions, constrain Pleistocene mammal movements, and better understand glacial climate dynamics.
Impact of slowdown of Atlantic overturning circulation on heat and freshwater transports
Authors: Kelly Kathryn A. , Drushka Kyla , Thompson LuAnne , Le Bars Dewi , McDonagh Elaine L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent measurements of the strength of the Atlantic overturning circulation at 26°N show a 1 year drop and partial recovery amid a gradual weakening. To examine the extent and impact of the slowdown on basin wide heat and freshwater transports for 2004–2012, a box model that assimilates hydrographic and satellite observations is used to estimate heat transport and freshwater convergence as residuals of the heat and freshwater budgets. Using an independent transport estimate, convergences are converted to transports, which show a high level of spatial coherence. The similarity between Atlantic heat transport and the Agulhas Leakage suggests that it is the source of the surface heat transport anomalies. The freshwater budget in the North Atlantic is dominated by a decrease in freshwater flux. The increasing salinity during the slowdown supports modeling studies that show that heat, not freshwater, drives trends in the overturning circulation in a warming climate.
Anomalous Java cooling at the initiation of positive Indian Ocean Dipole events
Authors: Delman Andrew S. , Sprintall Janet , McClean Julie L. , Talley Lynne D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAnomalous sea surface temperature (SST) cooling south of Java, initiated during May–July, is an important precursor to positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) events. As shown previously, the Java SST anomalies are spatially and temporally coincident with seasonal upwelling induced locally by southeasterly trade winds. However, we confirm earlier findings that interannual variability of the Java cooling is primarily driven by remote wind forcing from coastal Sumatra and the equatorial Indian Ocean (EqIO); we also find an influence from winds along the Indonesian Throughflow. The wind forcing in the EqIO and along coastal Sumatra does not initiate SST cooling locally due to a deep thermocline and thick barrier layer, but can force upwelling Kelvin waves that induce substantial surface cooling once they reach the seasonally shallower thermocline near the coast of Java. Satellite altimetry is used to obtain a Kelvin wave coefficient that approximates Kelvin wave amplitude variations along the equator. All pIOD years in the satellite record have anomalous levels of upwelling Kelvin wave activity along the equator during April–June, suggesting that upwelling waves during this season are necessary for pIOD event development. However, a change to wind‐forced downwelling Kelvin waves during July–August can abruptly terminate cool Java SST anomalies and weaken the pIOD event. Upwelling Kelvin wave activity along the equator and wind stress anomalies west of Sumatra are both robust predictors of the IOD index later in the calendar year, while values of the Kelvin wave coefficient are the most reliable predictor of pIOD events specifically.
Float observations of an anticyclonic eddy off Hokkaido
Authors: Inoue Ryuichiro , Faure Vincent , Kouketsu Shinya 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTo clarify the formation process of the salinity minimum in the Kuroshio–Oyashio mixed water region and understand the mechanism of meridional heat transport between the subtropical and subpolar gyres, 16 profiling floats were deployed within a warm‐core anticyclonic eddy off Hokkaido from June 2012 to December 2013. Then, the evolution of an anticyclonic eddy was examined using time series of the water properties. The largest fluctuations in water properties were observed in April and May 2013, when the anticyclonic eddy first moved south to interact with a warm front, then back north. Salinity in the salinity minimum layer increased during the interaction. After the eddy detached from the frontal structure, low‐salinity water was again observed with small intrusive structures, which eventually converged to a smooth zigzag structure in the potential temperature‐salinity diagram, suggesting that both vertical mixing and vertical heaving played a role in the temporal changes observed after the eddy detached from the front. Since the salinity variation during the interaction event was about half the total salinity change during the whole experimental period, the interaction of an eddy with a front might be important for modifying the water properties of the eddy, and, therefore, for the meridional transport of heat and fresh water.
Evolution of a Canada Basin ice‐ocean boundary layer and mixed layer across a developing thermodynamically forced marginal ice zone
Authors: Gallaher Shawn G. , Stanton Timothy P. , Shaw William J. , Cole Sylvia T. , Toole John M. , Wilkinson Jeremy P. , Maksym Ted , Hwang Byongjun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA comprehensive set of autonomous, ice‐ocean measurements were collected across the Canada Basin to study the summer evolution of the ice‐ocean boundary layer (IOBL) and ocean mixed layer (OML). Evaluation of local heat and freshwater balances and associated turbulent forcing reveals that melt ponds (MPs) strongly influence the summer IOBL‐OML evolution. Areal expansion of MPs in mid‐June start the upper ocean evolution resulting in significant increases to ocean absorbed radiative flux (19 W m−2 in this study). Buoyancy provided by MP drainage shoals and freshens the IOBL resulting in a 39 MJ m−2 increase in heat storage in just 19 days (52% of the summer total). Following MP drainage, a near‐surface fresh layer deepens through shear‐forced mixing to form the summer mixed layer (sML). In late summer, basal melt increases due to stronger turbulent mixing in the thin sML and the expansion of open water areas due in part to wind‐forced divergence of the sea ice. Thermal heterogeneities in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) upper ocean led to large ocean‐to‐ice heat fluxes (100–200 W m−2) and enhanced basal ice melt (3–6 cm d−1), well away from the ice edge. Calculation of the upper ocean heat budget shows that local radiative heat input accounted for at least 89% of the observed latent heat losses and heat storage (partitioned 0.77/0.23). These results suggest that the extensive area of deteriorating sea ice observed away from the ice edge during the 2014 season, termed the “thermodynamically forced MIZ,” was driven primarily by local shortwave radiative forcing.
Offshore forcing on the “pressure point” of the West Florida Shelf: Anomalous upwelling and its influence on harmful algal blooms
Authors: Liu Yonggang , Weisberg Robert H. , Lenes Jason M. , Zheng Lianyuan , Hubbard Katherine , Walsh John J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGulf of Mexico Loop Current (LC) interactions with the West Florida Shelf (WFS) slope play an important role in shelf ecology through the upwelling of new inorganic nutrients across the shelf break. This is particularly the case when the LC impinges upon the shelf slope in the southwest portion of the WFS near the Dry Tortugas. By contacting shallow water isobaths at this “pressure point” the LC forcing sets the entire shelf into motion. Characteristic patterns of LC interactions with the WFS and their occurrences are identified using unsupervised neural network, self‐organizing map, from 23 years (1993–2015) of altimetry data. The duration of the occurrences of such LC patterns is used as an indicator of offshore forcing of anomalous upwelling. Consistency is found between the altimetry‐derived offshore forcing and the occurrence and severity of WFS coastal blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis: years without major blooms tend to have prolonged LC contact at the “pressure point,” whereas years with major blooms tend not to have prolonged offshore forcing. Resetting the nutrient state of the shelf by the coastal ocean circulation in response to deep‐ocean forcing demonstrates the importance of physical oceanography in shelf ecology. A satellite altimetry‐derived seasonal predictor for major K. brevis blooms is also proposed.
Stereoselective Cascade Reactions of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes with m‐N,N‐Dialkylaminophenyl α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyls: Diastereoselective Synthesis of cis‐ and trans‐Tetralins
Authors: Sin Seunghui , Kim Sung‐Gon 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe ytterbium(III) triflate [Yb(OTf)3]‐catalyzed diastereoselective cascade reaction of m‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl α,β‐unsaturated carbonyls with cyclopropane 1,1‐diesters under mild reaction conditions afforded highly substituted cis‐ and trans‐tetralins. The reaction of m‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl α,β‐unsaturated ketones with cyclopropane 1,1‐diesters provided tetralins with a trans orientation of the 1,4‐substitutents on the cyclohexyl ring; cis‐tetralins were obtained from m‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl substituted methylidenemalonates with high diastereoselectivities.magnified image
Coordination Chemistry of Diiodine and Implications for the Oxidation Capacity of the Synergistic Ag+/X2 (X=Cl, Br, I) System
Authors: Malinowski Przemysław J. , Himmel Daniel , Krossing Ingo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe synergistic Ag+/X2 system (X=Cl, Br, I) is a very strong, but ill‐defined oxidant—more powerful than X2 or Ag+ alone. Intermediates for its action may include [Agm(X2)n]m+ complexes. Here, we report on an unexpectedly variable coordination chemistry of diiodine towards this direction: (A)Ag‐I2‐Ag(A), [Ag2(I2)4]2+(A−)2 and [Ag2(I2)6]2+(A−)2⋅(I2)x≈0.65 form by reaction of Ag(A) (A=Al(ORF)4; RF=C(CF3)3) with diiodine (single crystal/powder XRD, Raman spectra and quantum‐mechanical calculations). The molecular (A)Ag‐I2‐Ag(A) is ideally set up to act as a 2 e− oxidant with stoichiometric formation of 2 AgI and 2 A−. Preliminary reactivity tests proved this (A)Ag‐I2‐Ag(A) starting material to oxidize n‐C5H12, C3H8, CH2Cl2, P4 or S8 at room temperature. A rough estimate of its electron affinity places it amongst very strong oxidizers like MF6 (M=4d metals). This suggests that (A)Ag‐I2‐Ag(A) will serve as an easily in bulk accessible, well‐defined, and very potent oxidant with multiple applications.
Understanding the surface properties of polybenzoxazines: Interaction of polybenzoxazine model compounds with metal ions and water
Authors: Shen D. , Liu C. , Sebastián R.M. , Marquet J. , Schönfeld R. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe structure of polybenzoxazines (and their properties) is mainly defined by the existence of intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The effect of different substituents present in the phenolic ring of polybenzoxazines can modulate these intermolecular forces and the interaction with other materials, such as metals. To extend this knowledge, a series of structure‐controlled polybenzoxazines and polybenzoxazine model compounds have been synthesized. The interactions with different metal ions have been investigated using UV–vis and NMR analysis. Association constants have been estimated by UV–vis titration method and the effect of the presence of different substituents in the aromatic ring has been established. Water contact angles have also been measured. The different techniques give us information about the inner hydrogen bonding structure. Cyano group, present as substituent in polybenzoxazine compounds, acts as an additional coordination point towards metal ions and water. Our findings should allow modulating the adhesion and other surface properties of the benzoxazine‐derived polymers by playing with the properties of the substituents and their structure (phenoxy/phenolic). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44099.
Highly efficient antifouling property based on self‐generating hydrogel layer of polyacrylamide coatings
Authors: Wu Gang , Li Chang‐Cheng , Jiang Xiao‐Hui , Yu Liang‐Min 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPursuit of robust antifouling coatings is a persistent objective for marine materials. We present here the experimental realization of a series of polyacrylamide‐based resins with a self‐generating hydrogel layer, arising from the polymerization of acrylamide (AM), butyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, and AM derivatives. The mechanical strength and thermal stability are markedly enhanced due to the change of the structure of modified resins. The preliminary results indicate that resultant resins with crosslinking structure show satisfactory abrasion resistance and swelling properties. The results of antifouling panel testing in shallow submergence for three months reveal that the addition of AM derivatives leads to generation of a thin soft and dynamic layer of hydrogel, which enhances antifouling properties. The formation of hydrogel and self‐generating property make it promising in various antifouling applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44111.
Room temperature CO sensing by polyaniline/Co3O4 nanocomposite
Authors: Sen T. , Shimpi N. G. , Mishra S. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPolyaniline/cobalt oxide (PANI/Co3O4) nanocomposites have been investigated for their sensitivity towards carbon monoxide (CO) gas at room temperature. The Co3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasound assisted coprecipitation method and then incorporated into the PANI matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy have been used to characterize the nanomaterials. The PANI/Co3O4 nanocomposite sensors were found to be highly selective to CO gas at room temperature. A significantly high response of 0.81 has been obtained for 75 ppm CO concentration with a response time of 40 s. Based on the observations of the sensing study, a mechanism for CO sensing by the nanocomposite has been proposed. Influence of humidity on the sensor response towards CO has also been studied and the results presented. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44115.
A Cyanine Dye Encapsulated Porous Fibrous Mat for Naked‐Eye Ammonia Sensing
Authors: Ji Chendong , Ma Lijing , Yin Meizhen , Yang Wantai , Pan Kai 
Published: July 2016

AbstractElectrospun ultrathin fiber‐based sensors are desirable because of their practicality and sensitivity. Ammonia‐detection systems are in high demand in different areas, including the industrial and agricultural fields. However, current technologies rely on large and complex instruments that restrict their actual utilization. Herein, we report a flexible naked‐eye ammonia sensor, the polylactic acid–cyanine (PLA‐Cy) fibrous mat, which was fabricated by blending a carboxyl‐functionalized cyanine dye (D1) into electospun PLA porous fibers. The sensing mat was shown to undergo a naked‐eye‐detectable color change from white to blue upon exposure to ammonia vapor. The mat showed high selectivity to ammonia gas with a detection limit of 3.3 ppm. Aggregated D1 was first encapsulated by PLA and was then ionized by NH3. These mechanisms were examined by photophysical studies and scanning electron microscopy. The aggregation–deaggregation process of D1 in the PLA‐Cy fibrous mat led to the color change. This work provides a facile method for the naked‐eye detection of ammonia and a novel strategy for the use of organic dyes in ammonia sensing.
Thermally Stable Super Ionic Conductor from Carbon Sphere Oxide
Authors: Islam Md. Saidul , Karim Mohammad Razaul , Hatakeyama Kazuto , Takehira Hiroshi , Ohtani Ryo , Nakamura Masaaki , Koinuma Michio , Hayami Shinya 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA highly stable proton conductor has been developed from carbon sphere oxide (CSO). Carbon sphere (CS) generated from sucrose was oxidized successfully to CSO using Hummers’ graphite oxidation technique. At room temperature and 90 % relative humidity, the proton conductivity of thin layer CSO on microsized comb electrode was found to be 8.7×10−3 S cm−1, which is higher than that for a similar graphene oxide (GO) sample (3.4×10−3 S cm−1). The activation energy (Ea) of 0.258 eV suggests that the proton is conducted through the Grotthuss mechanism. The carboxyl functional groups on the CSO surface are primarily responsible for transporting protons. In contrast to conventional carbon‐based proton conductors, in which the functional groups decompose around 80 °C, CSO has a stable morphology and functional groups with reproducible proton conductivity up to 400 °C. Even once annealed at different temperatures at high relative humidity, the proton conductivity of CSO remains almost unchanged, whereas significant change is seen with a similar GO sample. After annealing at 100 and 200 °C, the respective proton conductivity of CSO was almost the same, and was about ∼50 % of the proton conductivity at room temperature. Carbon‐based solid electrolyte with such high thermal stability and reproducible proton conductivity is desired for practical applications. We expect that a CSO‐based proton conductor would be applicable for fuel cells and sensing devices operating under high temperatures.
Anticipatory balance control and dimension reduction
Authors: Rabbani Amir H. , van de Panne Michiel , Kry Paul G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA hallmark of many skilled motions is the anticipatory nature of the balance‐related adjustments that happen in preparation for the expected evolution of forces during the motion. This can shape simulated and animated motions in subtle but important ways, help lend physical credence to the motion, and help signal the character's intent. In this article, we investigate how center‐of‐mass reference trajectories (CMRTs) can be learned so as to achieve anticipatory balance control with a state‐of‐the‐art reactive balancing system. This enables the design of physics‐based motion simulations that involve fast pose transitions as well as force‐based interactions with the environment, such as punches, pushes, and catching heavy objects. We also show that generating CMRTs in a reduced space may result in faster computation times for similar task motions that deal with environmental interactions. We demonstrate the results on planar human models and show that CMRTs generalize well across parameterized versions of a motion. We illustrate that they are also effective at conveying a mismatch between a character's expectations and reality, for example, thinking that an object is heavier than it is.
Atrial mass: a myxoma?
Authors: Chatzis Andrew C. , Kostopanagiotou Kostas , Kousi Theofili , Mitropoulos Fotios 
Published: July 2016

Key Clinical MessageA middle‐aged woman with a history of resected colorectal cancer and receiving chemotherapy presented with a right atrial mass and the provisional diagnosis of myxoma supported by echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Successful surgical removal revealed organized thrombus instead. Atrial thrombus may be mistaken for myxoma and long‐term intracardiac indwelling catheters can be thrombogenic.