bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring in vivo responses to endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress using a novel haem oxygenase 1 reporter mouse
Authors: McMahon Michael , Ding Shaohong , Acosta‐Jimenez Lourdes P. , Frangova Tania G. , Henderson Colin J. , Wolf C. Roland 
Published: October 2017

Key points
Haem oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) is a cytoprotective enzyme with anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant properties that is induced in response to multiple noxious environmental stimuli and disease states.
Tools to enable its expression to be monitored in vivo have been unavailable until now.
In a new Hmox1 reporter model we provide high‐fidelity, single‐cell resolution blueprints for Hmox1 expression throughout the body of mice.
We show for the first time that Hmox1 is constitutively expressed at barrier tissues at the interface between the internal and external environments, and that it is highly induced in muscle cells during systemic inflammation.
These data suggest novel biological insights into the role of Hmox1 and pave the way for the use of the model to study the role of environmental stress in disease pathology.
AbstractHmox1 protein holds great promise as a biomarker of in vivo stress responses as it is highly induced in stressed or damaged cells. However, Hmox1 expression patterns have thus far only been available in simple model organisms with limited relevance to humans. We now report a new Hmox1 reporter line that makes it possible to obtain this information in mice, a premiere model system for studying human disease and toxicology. Using a state‐of‐the‐art strategy, we expressed multiple complementary reporter molecules from the murine Hmox1 locus, including firefly luciferase, to allow long‐term, non‐invasive imaging of Hmox1 expression, and β‐galactosidase for high‐resolution mapping of expression patterns post‐mortem. We validated the model by confirming the fidelity of reporter expression, and its responsiveness to oxidative and inflammatory stimuli. In addition to providing blueprints for Hmox1 expression in mice that provide novel biological insights, this work paves the way for the broad application of this model to establish cellular stresses induced by endogenous processes and those resulting from exposure to drugs and environmental agents. It will also enable studies on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of disease and its prevention.
Monitoring of Parkinson’s Patients Gait Using Simple Walker Based Motion Sensing and Data Analysis
Authors: Aharonson Vered , Schlesinger Ilana , McDonald Andre , Dubowsky Steven , Korczyn Amos 
Published: October 2017

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative disease with diverse clinical features. At present, there is no definitive test for the diagnosis of PD [1]. Instead, PD is diagnosed using clinical criteria which are based on the presence and presentation of signs such as rest tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, loss of postural reflexes, shuffling gait and freezing, as well as non-motor symptoms.
Various treatments, ranging from physical therapy and medications to invasive treatments, can help relieve some PD symptoms. These treatments need quantitative monitoring and efficacy evaluation methods in order to provide higher quality, patient-centered care. A quantitative assessment of the patients’ clinical symptoms can also provide a timely alert to adverse events [2]. A variety of devices employing sensors with the purpose of monitoring PD patients’ symptoms were developed [3, 4]. Most of these devices are costly and / or complex in operation and maintenance, which limits their practicality in busy hospital / clinic environments and for home use. Moreover, they do not provide appropriate solutions for monitoring more severe cases of PD, where the patient requires a walking aid such as a cane or walker.
Endoscopic Closure of Large Defect Using Novel Endoscopic Clipping Device and 4S-Modified Roeder Knot
Authors: Ge Shuchen , Ai Liaoyuan , Li Mingyang , Song Chengli 
Published: October 2017

Endoscopic closure after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (EMR) or endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is necessary to eliminate serious complications. Through-the-Scope clips are usually used in treating GI bleeding and perforation for their convenience and reliable outcome, but they are not ideal when the perforation size is larger than 2 cm since their opening width is limited. Several approaches are introduced to reinforce the performance of clips in regarding gathering edges of large defect by using endoloop and clips with double-channel endoscope [1]. Recently, an innovative endoscopic suturing technique using slipknot string and clips with single-channel endoscope has been reported, which resulted in shorter procedure time [2]. However, slipknot cannot maintain for a long time when exposing to distractions due to its poor holding strength.
We have designed and fabricated an endoscopic clipping device and reported its initial ex-vivo results [3]. In this paper, a new suturing method is presented by using this device incorporated with a 4S-Modified Roeder (4SMR) knot, which enables such device to close large defect in a short time. Furthermore, the mechanical strength of 4SMR knot is also studied.
Respiratory Compensation System in Spinal Surgery
Authors: Sun Yu , Chen Haiyun , Jiang Zhongliang , Gao Peng , Hu Ying , Zhang Peng 
Published: October 2017

The traditional spinal surgery is often conducted by hand operation with the help of navigation system which is combined with medical image. Although a veteran surgeon has a good adaptability during surgeries, it will tend to decrease along with the increase in surgery time which causes fatigues and leads to low qualities. Many surgical robots have been developed to assist surgeons in operation, and some of them approved by doctors or researchers are DaVinci (Intuitive Surgical, America) [1], Renaissance (Mazor Robotics, Israel), etc. These robot systems have enhanced the accuracy of operation; however, the adaptabilities are still weakened at the same time. During the pedicle screw drilling, surgeons can well adapt to the spine movements mainly caused by respiration, while it is difficult for these robots to adapt to the movements, indicating that the accuracy might drop in the actual application.
Respiratory compensation system is aimed to keep the region of operation stable or reduce the amplitude of fluctuation [2]. The rests of paper introduced the respiratory compensation system and its control algorithm based on infrared tracking data, and experiments were conducted to analyze the accuracy and stability.
A Pan/Tilt Surgical Camera With Parallel Structure and Elastic Platform
Authors: Shen Tao , Nelson Carl , Oleynikov Dmitry 
Published: October 2017

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS), including laparoscopy, endoscopy and colonoscopy, refers to performance of diagnostic or surgical intervention in the internal body cavity through small incisions (or no incisions) to reduce the recovery time and minimize scarring [1]. It has gained worldwide popularity since the first report of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the mid-1980s due to lower complications, cosmetic benefits and quick recovery [2] and has grown to include robotic approaches. One of the main challenges for this type of surgery is to provide sufficient real-time visual feedback using cameras. To address issues of narrow visual field and limited workspace in surgical visual feedback, existing devices may use onboard motors to provide pan and tilt orientation for the camera [3, 4], which makes the system bulky and expensive. (Here we draw a distinction from wire-driven steerable laparoscopes and constrain the discussion to robotic devices.)
In this paper, we present a novel camera system with a parallel structure and elastic platform which has three active degrees of freedom (DOFs) to increase the visual field and implement a mechanical zoom function. This camera head can be mounted on various surgical robots (e.g. [5]) or can be inserted as a standalone device. The novelty of this device lies in its elastic platform, and the authors are unaware of this type of design or its kinematic analysis being presented previously.
Hemodynamics Study of Different Take-Off Angles of the Left Coronary Artery
Authors: Asiruwa John J. , Propst Aaron M. , Gent Stephen P. 
Published: October 2017

Coronary arteries are located on the surface of the heart and supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium and other components of the heart. The two coronary arteries located above the aortic arch are the Left Coronary Artery (LCA) and Right Coronary Artery (RCA). The LCA branches into the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) and the Left Circumflex (LCx) while the RCA branches into the Right Marginal Artery (RMA) and Post Descending Artery (PDA). The coronary arteries are likened to a complex tube-like structure, and the motion of the heart cause changes in pressure, which allows proper blood circulation during the systolic and diastolic phases [1].
Since it is essential to understand the physiological and hemodynamical behavior of the heart and coronary arteries, numerous studies have been conducted at different artery locations in the heart. Most of the research has focused on the branches between the LAD and LCx, with little or no attention directed towards the take-off angle the LCA makes with the aortic root. Although it has been reported that certain take-off angles of left main (LM) can be considered anomalous, findings have documented that such take off angles can make the artery prone to atherosclerosis and sudanophilia diseases [2]. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has in recent years been used to solve a wide variety of fluid flow challenges, and can be used for this study.
The goal of this study is to use CFD techniques to study the hemodynamics of the different take-off angles of the left coronary artery from the aortic root. This will help identify areas in the left coronary artery that could be prone to atherosclerosis buildup.
An Eye Movement Simulator Based on 3-DOF Parallel Mechanism With Flexure Joint
Authors: Liu Jun , Deng Zhen , Sun Yu , Hu Ying 
Published: October 2017

In clinical ophthalmic surgery, patient’s eye is not fixed and non-steady state. Surgical operation will be extremely complex and dangerous, which need doctors have a good hand-eye coordination and operating accuracy. Recently, the development of surgical training system promotes the learning speed of clinical experience. Some of them are based on animal specimens. The operating habits and perceptions are similar to the real situation. However, the live animal experiments are more and more challenged by animal ethics. the live animal experiments will be unable to meet the growing demand for training. Others are based on Virtual Reality (VR), which use software to produce realistic images, haptic and other sensations [1]. However, the operating habits and perceptions are quite different from the real situation, and the operating object is stationary. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device that can simulate the physiological movement of eye to make the result of training can be as close as possible to the actual surgical procedure.
In this paper, an eye movement simulator based on 3-DOF parallel mechanism is presented. The simulator is also equipped with flexure joint, which simulates the biomechanical properties of extraocular muscles. The design and analysis of mechanical will be described.
A Study on the Effects of Struts of Z-Shaped Stent-Grafts on Radial Forces
Authors: Gu Xuelian , Yu Kai , Lu Licheng , Tang Wenjing 
Published: October 2017

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) techniques have been widely used for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). EVAR is associated with lower postoperative morbidity and mortality than traditional surgical procedure to treat AAA [1]. However, during the patient’s follow-up, postoperative complications may occur and secondary interventions are required [2].
Stent-grafts fixation in the vessel affects the success of endovascular aneurysm repair. Researches indicate that insufficient stent-graft radial force is attributed to post-surgery complications, such as prosthesis migration and endoleak type I [3, 4]. Endoleak type I happens when there is not a complete contact between stent graft rings and vessel wall. A great radial force can prevent full obturation in the landing zone. The distal endograft fixation also has a great influence on proximal endograft migration after EVAR [5]. Therefore the radial force of the stent plays a significant role.
Single stent-graft ring comprise a series of expandable Z-shaped structural elements (known as “struts”). Currently, there are series of Z-shaped stent-grafts on the market and the struts number ranges from 5 to 12. This work intends to analyze the influence of stent-graft struts number on the radial force. Finite-element analysis (FEA) and experimental method are used.
A Foot-Controlled Interface for Endoscope Holder in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Dai Xinxin , Zhao Baoliang , He Yucheng , Sun Yu , Hu Ying 
Published: October 2017

Endoscopic nasal surgery is with minimal invasiveness for the surgical treatment of nasal disease. During traditional functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), the surgeon uses one hand to hold the surgical instrument leaving the other hand to hold the endoscope. When the surgeon needs to use two hands to perform some complex procedure, an assistant surgeon is required to help holding the endoscope, and this requires good teamwork and long-time training. To solve this problem, researchers proposed to use robots to hold the endoscope, freeing the surgeon’s hands for bimanual operation. Sun developed a passive arm with pneumatic locking mechanism to hold the endoscope in FESS, but the surgeon needs to adjust the pose of the endoscope manually, which interrupts the surgery flow and lengthens the surgery time [1]. Many motor-driven endoscope holders have been proposed in literature [2], the surgeon interact with the robot with joystick, voice command, pedals or head movement [3–5]. However, there exists some drawbacks with these interacting methods, for example, joystick requires one of the surgeon’s hands, voice command is usually subject to interference and has long time-delay, foot pedals and head movement distract surgeon’s attention. Lin used a foot-attached IMU sensor to control an active robotic endoscopic holder, the inversion/eversion and abduction/adduction motions of foot are used to select and control different joints, but the motor can be only selected in order, which is unhandy for the four-joint scenario [6].
In this paper, a similar foot-attached IMU sensor is used, and the joints are selected in an easier manner, based on the angle of plantarflexion. Rather than the angle, the angular velocity of abduction/adduction is utilized to control the moving direction of the active joint. This paper describes the test result of the proposed control interface.
Novel Water Loving Coatings (WLC) Lubricious and Durable Guidewires
Authors: Edwards Peter A. , Price Michael , Nimchuk Nick , Mahon Jeff 
Published: October 2017

Hydrophilic coatings applied to guidewires or catheters, lower friction of the device thus improves handling and reduces damage to the vessel walls during access, delivery and retrieval. Peripheral guidewires typically consist of a polymer jacket, basecoat and topcoat. The polymer jacket is highly radiopaque for fluoroscopy visualization. Basecoat adheres to the polymer jacket and hydrophilic topcoat. Basecoat and topcoat play important roles towards coating device durability and lubricity.
Water Loving Coatings (WLC) are the first developed 510(k) clearance guidewires utilizing epoxy polyurethane technology. Coatings are non-hemolytic and non-cytotoxic. WLC are advances toward glycidyl carbamate (GC) resins. Linear Glycidyl Carbamates have shown excellent flexibility based off structure property relationships [1]. Water dispersible GC (WD-GC) oligomers have been prepared by additions of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (m-peg) to isocyanurate and biuret, then end capped with glycidol [2]. WLC technologies are lubricious and durable water dispersible polyurethane or polyurea glycidyl carbamates [3]. Modified Hyaluronate with WD-GC oligomers have shown increases in lubricity of Guidewires when used with a catheter [4]. WLC coatings have been applied to a micro-wire to reduce endothelial mechanical lining damage [5].
Common thermoplastic urethanes (TPU), similar to WLC morphology, used in the medical industry, are: Biomer and Lubrizol’s Pellethane®, Tecoflex™ and Estane™. Biomer consists of 4,4′-Methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), Ethylenediamine (EDA), and Polytetramethylene diol (Poly THF). Pellethane consists of MDI, 1,4-Butanediol (BDO) and Poly THF. Tecoflex consists of 4-4′-methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H12MDI), BDO and Poly THF. Medical grade Estane is an ester of adipic acid with BDO for soft segments and MDI and BDO for hard segments. TPU structure and morphology dictates polymeric properties.
Designing an Extensible Wire Navigation Simulation Platform
Authors: Long Steven , Thomas Geb W. , Anderson Donald D. 
Published: October 2017

Orthopaedic resident training has been, and continues to be, in a state of flux. Initially, there were limits placed on the number of hours a resident could work in a week [1]. Later, residency programs were required to provide laboratory-based training in basic surgical skill for first year residents [2]. Now there is a push towards a competency-based training program that graduates residents who demonstrate their acquisition of adequate surgical skills [3]. With each of these shifts in the training model, programs and institutions have looked increasingly to simulation-based training to ease the way. Simulation offers opportunities to train surgeons quickly, provide essential feedback to foster improvement, and assess skill acquisition. With the broad swath of requirements to satisfy in orthopaedic surgical skills training, a simulation platform must support an array of training capabilities for resident practice and performance assessment.
Wire navigation is a central skill in orthopaedics that has a broad variety of applications. In this task, surgeons must use 2D intra-operative fluoroscopic images to visualize the 3D anatomy of a patient and place a wire along a specified path through bone. In some situations, placing the wire is the final task; in others the wire serves as a guide for subsequently placed cannulated implants. Regardless of the situation, the placement of the wire in the bone directly influences the surgical result for the patient.
We previously presented the design of a wire navigation surgical simulator dedicated specifically to hip wire navigation [4]. Our experience with the dozens of surgeons and residents who have used the simulator suggest that they find the general skill of guiding a wire to be relatively abstract. They are more drawn to practicing specific surgeries rather than the general skill. To address this need, we have modified the simulator to present new surgical procedures, while still exercising the underlying skill of wire navigation. We also learned that the task of directing the fluoroscope in order to acquire appropriate view angles for making surgical decisions is integral to surgical wire navigation, so we extended the simulator to include this important aspect of surgical skill.
Development of a Simplified Ankle Distractor
Authors: Baer Thomas , Frisbie Ryan , Willey Michael , Goetz Jessica 
Published: October 2017

The physical impairment caused by OA of a single lower extremity joint is comparable to that reported for major life-altering disorders such as end-stage kidney disease and heart failure. (Buckwalter, et al) [1]
Ankle distraction arthroplasty has been shown to greatly decrease pain due to end-stage ankle arthritis. Unlike arthrodesis (fusion of the joint), distraction arthroplasty maintains the joint’s natural movement, and it is far less complicated than total joint replacement surgery. There is a considerable body of research supporting the idea that distraction of an end-stage arthritic joint (most of the work thus far has been done on ankles, although there has also been some investigation of the efficacy of the treatment for knee arthritis) for a period of weeks allows the growth of new tissue in the joint. Although this tissue is not true articular cartilage, distraction arthroplasty has been shown to significantly decrease pain and, in the majority of cases, to be a long lasting remedy for a condition that would otherwise commonly be treated with arthrodesis. [2]
Devices currently available for this procedure are generally quite complicated because they are designed for a wide range of functions related to bone fixation. This versatility also tends to make those systems larger and more expensive, and their aggressively mechanical appearance makes potential joint distraction patients hesitant to select the procedure. While fracture patients may not have a choice about being treated with such devices, elective patients are instinctively resistant to their use, even when assured that the end result will most likely significantly improve in the quality of their lives.
Pop-Up-Inspired Design of a Septal Anchor for a Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Temel F. Zeynep , McClintock Hayley , Payne Christopher J. , Wamala Isaac , Walsh Conor J. , Vasilyev Nikolay V. , Wood Robert J. 
Published: October 2017

Heart failure (HF) is a serious condition in which the heart cannot pump sufficient blood to sustain the metabolic needs of the body. A common indication of failure is a low ejection fraction, or the volumetric proportion of blood ejected when the ventricle contracts. In end-stage HF, support from a ventricular assist device (VAD) can assume some or all of the heart’s pumping work, improving the ejection fraction and restoring normal circulation. VAD therapy options for end-stage right heart failure (RHF) are limited, with only a few FDA-approved devices available for mechanical circulatory support [1]. These devices are based on continuous flow impellers; and despite anticoagulation therapy, use of currently available VADs is associated with thrombogenic risk since the blood must contact artificial non-biologic surfaces.
An implantable VAD for RHF based on soft robotic pulsatile assistance has previously been proposed [2]. This device is comprised of a contractile element that is anchored to the ventricular septum and the right ventricle (RV) free wall. The device is programmed to contract in synchrony with the native heart beat and assist in approximating the septum and free wall together in order to augment blood ejection (Fig. 1). Potential advantages of this approach include reduced risk of thrombosis, since there is no blood flow through the lumen of the device, and the possibility for minimally invasive deployment of the device under ultrasound guidance.
A key component in this VAD concept is the anchoring mechanism that couples the contractile actuator to the ventricular septum. In this work, we report design, fabrication and testing of a new septal anchor design. We exploit the emerging technology of pop-up MEMS [3] in order to fabricate a collapsible anchoring mechanism. Origami-inspired engineering and pop-up MEMS manufacturing techniques have previously been used for developing disposable and low-cost medical tools and devices [4]. The pop-up anchor can be deployed into the left ventricle (LV) via a standard delivery sheath. We validate the load bearing ability of the anchor and demonstrate deployment in an ex vivo simulation.