bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate measurement of poleward microtubule flux in the spindle of Drosophila S2 cells
Authors: Munzarova Alina , Popova Julia , Razuvaeva Alena , Shloma Victor , Gatti Maurizio , Omelyanchuk Leonid 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe spindle microtubule (MT) flux is the continuous translocation of MTs toward the spindle poles caused by MT polymerization at plus ends coupled to depolymerization at minus ends. Poleward flux is observed in both mitotic and meiotic spindles; it is evolutionarily conserved and contributes to the regulation of spindle length and anaphase chromosome movement. MT photobleaching is a tool frequently used to measure poleward flux. Spindles containing fluorescently tagged tubulin are photobleached to generate a non‐fluorescent stripe, which moves toward the spindle poles allowing a measure of the flux. However, this method only permits rapid measurements of the flux, because the fluorescence of the bleached stripe recovers rapidly due to the spindle MT turnover. Here, we describe a modification of the current photobleaching‐based method for flux measurement. We photobleached two large areas at the opposite sides of the metaphase plate in spindles of Drosophila S2 cells expressing Cherry‐tagged tubulin, leaving unbleached only the area near the chromosomes. We then measured the speed with which the fluorescent MTs move toward the poles. We found that this method allows a measure of the flux over a two‐ to threefold longer time than the “single stripe” method, providing a reliable evaluation of the flux rate.
Lithium‐Rich Layered Oxide Li1.18Ni0.15Co0.15Mn0.52O2 as the Cathode Material for Hybrid Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wei Zhixuan , Gao Yu , Wang Lei , Zhang Chaoyang , Bian Xiaofei , Fu Qiang , Wang Chunzhong , Wei Yingjin , Du Fei , Chen Gang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLi‐rich layered oxide Li1.18Ni0.15Co0.15Mn0.52O2 (LNCM) is, for the first time, examined as the positive electrode for hybrid sodium‐ion battery and its Na+ storage properties are comprehensively studied in terms of galvanostatic charge–discharge curves, cyclic voltammetry and rate capability. LNCM in the proposed sodium‐ion battery demonstrates good rate capability whose discharge capacity reaches about 90 mA h g−1 at 10 C rate and excellent cycle stability with specific capacity of about 105 mA h g−1 for 200 cycles at 5 C rate. Moreover, ex situ ICP‐OES suggests interesting mixed‐ions migration processes: In the initial two cycles, only Li+ can intercalate into the LNCM cathode, whereas both Li+ and Na+ work together as the electrochemical cycles increase. Also the structural evolution of LNCM is examined in terms of ex situ XRD pattern at the end of various charge–discharge scans. The strong insight obtained from this study could be beneficial to the design of new layered cathode materials for future rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries.
Saddle‐Shaped Cyclic Indole Tetramers: 3D Electroactive Molecules
Authors: Ruiz Constanza , Monge Ángeles , Gutiérrez‐Puebla Enrique , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José , Navarrete Juan T. López , Ruiz Delgado M. Carmen , Gómez‐Lor Berta 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present a joint theoretical and experimental study of a series of cyclic indole tetramers aimed at understanding the fundamental electronic properties of this 3D platform and evaluating its potential in the construction of new semiconductors. To this end, we combined absorption and Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and spectroelectrochemistry with DFT calculations. Our results suggest that this platform can be easily and reversibly oxidized. Additionally, it has a HOMO that matches very well with the workfunction of gold, therefore charge injection from a gold electrode is expected to occur without significant barriers. Interestingly, the cyclic tetraindoles allow for good electron delocalization in spite of their saddle‐shaped structures. The steric constraints introduced by N‐substitution significantly inhibits ring inversion of the central cyclooctatetraene unit, whereas it only barely affects the optical and electrochemical properties (a slightly higher oxidation potential and a blueshifted absorption upon alkylation are observed).
Preparation and Properties of Transparent Ultrathin Lanthanide‐Complex Films
Authors: Li Yali , Xu Yang , Wang Yige 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHighly transparent ultrathin films (UTFs) based on alternative layer‐by‐layer assembly of Eu‐ and Tb‐based lanthanide complexes (LCs) and Mg–Al‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets are reported herein. UV–visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy showed an orderly growth of the two types of ultrathin films upon increasing the number of deposition cycles. AFM and SEM measurements indicate that the films feature periodic layered structures as well as uniform surface morphology. Luminescent investigations reveal that (LCs/LDH)n UTFs can detect Fe3+ with relative selectivity and high sensitivity (Stern–Volmer constant KSV=8.43×103 L mol−1); this suggests that (LCs/LDH)n UTFs could be a promising luminescent probe for selectively sensing Fe3+ ion.
Visible‐Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed Giese Reaction: Decarboxylative Addition of Amino Acid Derived α‐Amino Radicals to Electron‐Deficient Olefins
Authors: Millet Anthony , Lefebvre Quentin , Rueping Magnus 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA tin‐ and halide‐free, visible‐light photoredox‐catalyzed Giese reaction was developed. Primary and secondary α‐amino radicals were generated readily from amino acids in the presence of catalytic amounts of an iridium photocatalyst. The reactivity of the α‐amino radicals has been evaluated for the functionalization of a variety of activated olefins.
Use of cytology as an auxiliary diagnostic tool in autopsies
Authors: Andrade Luana , Massarente Vitória Lana , Tormin Stéphanie Corradini , Ribeiro Karina Braga , Pozzan Geanete , Saieg Mauro Ajaj 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDThe use of minimally invasive procedures in autopsies such as image‐guided fine‐needle aspiration may facilitate family acceptance and, therefore, increase the number of postmortem examinations. The objective of the current study was to validate the use of cytology in a prospective set of conventional autopsies.METHODSAll lesions and organs sampled for histological examination were concomitantly evaluated by scrape cytology of exactly the same location. The cytopathologist and the surgical pathologist were blinded to each other's microscopic findings. Final cytological and histological diagnoses were divided into 6 main diagnostic groups: normal, neoplasms (benign and malignant), inflammatory conditions, adaptive processes, degeneration, and cardiovascular disorders. Cytohistological agreement was assessed with Cohen's κ coefficient. The simple percentage agreement was also reported for each diagnostic group and for all different organs sampled in the postmortem examinations.RESULTSTwo hundred eleven samples were studied from 36 consecutive autopsies (21 males and 15 females; median age, 58 years). Complete cytohistological agreement was achieved for 151 samples (71.6%) with a κ coefficient of 0.43 (moderate correlation). When samples were divided by diagnostic group, the best results were seen in normal specimens (93.8%) and neoplasms (82.3%). Organs with the best performance included the thyroid, cerebellum, lymph nodes, and adrenal glands (all with 100% agreement), the brain (90.5%), and the pancreas (84.6%).CONCLUSIONSCytology showed a good correlation with histology, particularly for neoplastic cases and specimens with minimal pathological alterations, and could be used as an alternative diagnostic method in partial or restricted postmortem examinations. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:785‐90. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Data‐aware tuning of scientific applications with model‐based autotuning
Authors: Lang Jens 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAutotuning is a widely accepted method for adapting the execution of scientific applications to the underlying hardware. One method for speeding up the search for the optimal candidate implementation in autotuning, which often is very time‐consuming, is the performance prediction using an analytical model. Using such a model‐based autotuning method, autotuning may be performed at runtime, which enables the application to consider data characteristics for the tuning decision. The article gives an overview on existing works, which apply model‐based autotuning for data‐aware tuning decisions in scientific computing. It shows that model‐based autotuning is a feasible method for increasing the performance of scientific applications by considering influences from the input data, where ‘performance’ may be execution time or energy, among others. It furthermore presents a systematisation of model‐based autotuning: it proposes a distinction of algorithm parameters, machine‐specific parameters and data‐specific parameters. The article gives suggestions on how to set up an application‐specific analytical model, presents an example for that and discusses the limits of model‐based autotuning. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust resource allocations through performance modeling with stochastic process algebra
Authors: Srivastava Srishti , Banicescu Ioana 
Published: June 2016

SummaryParallel and distributed computing has led to a proliferation in solving computationally intensive mathematical, science, or engineering problems. However, such computational environments are often prone to unpredictable variations due to problem, algorithm, and system characteristics. Therefore, a robustness study of resource allocations and application scheduling is required to guarantee a desired level of performance. Given an initial workload, a mapping of applications to resources is considered to be robust if it optimizes the execution performance and guarantees a desired level of performance in the presence of unpredictable perturbations at runtime. In this research work, a stochastic process algebra, performance evaluation process algebra, is used for obtaining performance of various resource allocations via a numerical analysis of performance modeling of the parallel execution of applications on parallel computing resources. Further, a robustness analysis of various allocations is performed for finding a robust mapping from a set of initial mapping schemes. The numerical results obtained from this performance modeling of resource allocations have been validated by the simulation results of earlier research, which are available from the existing literature, thus underscoring the significance of using stochastic process algebra models in providing a cost‐effective and low overhead analysis of robustness. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A DFT Study on the Co‐polymerization of CO2 and Ethylene: Feasibility Analysis for the Direct Synthesis of Polyethylene Esters
Authors: Moha Verena , Cozzula Daniela , Hölscher Markus , Leitner Walter , Müller Thomas E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe co‐polymerization of CO2 with the non‐polar monomer ethylene, though highly desirable, still presents a challenge whereas the palladium‐catalyzed CO/C2H4 co‐polymerization is well understood. Building on this analogy, the goal of this study was to elucidate the feasibility of developing suitable catalysts for co‐polymerizing CO2 with ethylene to polyethylene esters. Computational methods based on density functional theory were hereby employed. In the search for new catalyst lead structures, a closed catalytic cycle was identified for the palladium‐catalyzed CO2/C2H4 co‐polymerization reaction. The computational study on palladium complexes with a substituted anionic 2‐[bis(2,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐phosphine]‐benzene‐2‐hydroxo ligand revealed key aspects that need to be considered when designing ligand sets for potential catalysts for the non‐alternating co‐polymerization of CO2 and ethylene.
Synthesis of Industrially Relevant Carbamates towards Isocyanates using Carbon Dioxide and Organotin(IV) Alkoxides
Authors: Germain Nicolas , Müller Imke , Hanauer Matthias , Paciello Rocco A. , Baumann Robert , Trapp Oliver , Schaub Thomas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA straightforward phosgene‐free synthesis of aromatic isocyanates and diisocyanates is disclosed. Theoretical investigations suggested that the insertion of carbon dioxide (CO2) by dialkyltin(IV) dialkoxides could be used to convert aromatic amines into aromatic mono‐ and dicarbamates. Here we show, that methyl phenylcarbamate (MPC) from aniline using organotin(IV) dimethoxide and CO2 can be formed in high yield of up to 92 %, experimentally corroborating the predictions of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. MPC was then separated from the tin oxide residues and converted into phenyl isocyanate. Furthermore, organotin(IV) alkoxides could be regenerated from the tin oxide residues and reused, paving the way for a continuous industrial process. Extension of the scope to the synthesis of diurethanes from toluene 2,4‐diamine and 4,4′‐methylenedianiline could potentially allow the efficient production of industrially relevant diisocyanates.
Can you hear me now? Range‐testing a submerged passive acoustic receiver array in a Caribbean coral reef habitat
Authors: Selby Thomas H. , Hart Kristen M. , Fujisaki Ikuko , Smith Brian J. , Pollock Clayton J. , Hillis‐Starr Zandy , Lundgren Ian , Oli Madan K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSubmerged passive acoustic technology allows researchers to investigate spatial and temporal movement patterns of many marine and freshwater species. The technology uses receivers to detect and record acoustic transmissions emitted from tags attached to an individual. Acoustic signal strength naturally attenuates over distance, but numerous environmental variables also affect the probability a tag is detected. Knowledge of receiver range is crucial for designing acoustic arrays and analyzing telemetry data. Here, we present a method for testing a relatively large‐scale receiver array in a dynamic Caribbean coastal environment intended for long‐term monitoring of multiple species. The U.S. Geological Survey and several academic institutions in collaboration with resource management at Buck Island Reef National Monument (BIRNM), off the coast of St. Croix, recently deployed a 52 passive acoustic receiver array. We targeted 19 array‐representative receivers for range‐testing by submersing fixed delay interval range‐testing tags at various distance intervals in each cardinal direction from a receiver for a minimum of an hour. Using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), we estimated the probability of detection across the array and assessed the effect of water depth, habitat, wind, temperature, and time of day on the probability of detection. The predicted probability of detection across the entire array at 100 m distance from a receiver was 58.2% (95% CI: 44.0–73.0%) and dropped to 26.0% (95% CI: 11.4–39.3%) 200 m from a receiver indicating a somewhat constrained effective detection range. Detection probability varied across habitat classes with the greatest effective detection range occurring in homogenous sand substrate and the smallest in high rugosity reef. Predicted probability of detection across BIRNM highlights potential gaps in coverage using the current array as well as limitations of passive acoustic technology within a complex coral reef environment.
Estimating species – area relationships by modeling abundance and frequency subject to incomplete sampling
Authors: Yamaura Yuichi , Connor Edward F. , Royle J. Andrew , Itoh Katsuo , Sato Kiyoshi , Taki Hisatomo , Mishima Yoshio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractModels and data used to describe species–area relationships confound sampling with ecological process as they fail to acknowledge that estimates of species richness arise due to sampling. This compromises our ability to make ecological inferences from and about species–area relationships. We develop and illustrate hierarchical community models of abundance and frequency to estimate species richness. The models we propose separate sampling from ecological processes by explicitly accounting for the fact that sampled patches are seldom completely covered by sampling plots and that individuals present in the sampling plots are imperfectly detected. We propose a multispecies abundance model in which community assembly is treated as the summation of an ensemble of species‐level Poisson processes and estimate patch‐level species richness as a derived parameter. We use sampling process models appropriate for specific survey methods. We propose a multispecies frequency model that treats the number of plots in which a species occurs as a binomial process. We illustrate these models using data collected in surveys of early‐successional bird species and plants in young forest plantation patches. Results indicate that only mature forest plant species deviated from the constant density hypothesis, but the null model suggested that the deviations were too small to alter the form of species–area relationships. Nevertheless, results from simulations clearly show that the aggregate pattern of individual species density–area relationships and occurrence probability–area relationships can alter the form of species–area relationships. The plant community model estimated that only half of the species present in the regional species pool were encountered during the survey. The modeling framework we propose explicitly accounts for sampling processes so that ecological processes can be examined free of sampling artefacts. Our modeling approach is extensible and could be applied to a variety of study designs and allows the inclusion of additional environmental covariates.
Effect of Axial Slit on Metallic Tube for Wireless Power Transfer via Magnetic Resonance Coupling
Authors: SHIMAMURA KOHEI , KOIZUMI MASAYOSHI , MIZUNO YOSHIHIRO , KOMURASAKI KIMIYA 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYWireless power transfer using a metallic tube with an axial slit was attempted to demonstrate the wireless power transfer using magnetic resonance coupling to the diagnostics infrastructure. The transmission efficiency with variable distance was measured using the transmission and receiver resonators in the tube. Besides, the transmission and receiver resonators were, respectively, set outside and inside the tube. These experiments are carried out in the computational study using FDTD method.
Rapid detection and separation of olive oil and Camellia oil based on ion mobility spectrometry fingerprints and chemometric models
Authors: Liu Lingyi , Hu Chuanrong , Liu Lianliang , Zhang Sihong , Chen Ke , He Dongping 
Published: June 2016

A simple and rapid classification model for olive and Camellia oil was proposed based on ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) fingerprints and chemometric model (peak detection and random forest algorithm). Results indicated that IMS fingerprint spectra by second‐derivative algorithm could completely separate 64 olive oil and 79 Camellia oil samples used in this study by simply calculating the peak area. Random forest algorithm was employed to establish discriminant model for olive oil adulterated by Camellia oil. Simulated adulteration detection showed that the accuracy rate of discriminant model is 96.4% as two of 55 samples were identified as blending olive oil. All these results suggested that IMS could be an effective method to detect the adulterated olive oils by Camellia oil.Practical applications: Camellia oil is much similar to olive oil no matter in the physicochemical properties and fatty acid profiles. Thereby, olive oil has been one of the most frequent targets for the adulteration by Camellia oil. This study aimed to provide a rapid method to detect and separate olive oil and Camellia oil by a portable IMS device, by using fingerprints spectra, peak detection (first‐ and second‐derivative algorithm), and random forest algorithm. Results indicated that the classification and discriminant model established in this work was doable for the adulteration detection in the industry.Based on fingerprints spectra, peak detection (first‐ and second‐derivative algorithm) and random forest algorithm, IMS detection is doable for the rapid detection and separation of olive and Camellia oil.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for the In Situ Characterization of Solid–Electrolyte Interphases: Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite versus Graphite Composite
Authors: Bülter Heinz , Peters Fabian , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) is of key importance for the performance and safety of lithium‐ion batteries. Recently, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has been used to study in situ the SEI. Here, we compare the SEI of graphite composite electrodes to the SEI at macroscopic samples of binder‐free, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) where effects of mechanical processing and particle–particle as well as electrolyte–binder interactions should be absent. Both, short‐term changes of SEI passivity on the timescale of seconds and minutes and long‐term changes over hours are found on HOPG as well as on graphite composite electrodes, but the SEI at HOPG is more stable compared to graphite composite electrodes. In addition, the microelectrode probe of the SECM is used to induce local SEI damage to monitor its reformation. Subsequently, secondary processes such as local crack formation, gas formation due to electrolyte reduction, and HOPG expansion are studied.
Direct Local Mapping of Ion Transfer Reactions by Scanning Ohmic Microscopy
Authors: Plettenberg Inka , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: June 2016

AbstractScanning ohmic microscopy (SOM) detects a current by the potential difference along the current line. Using two microreference electrodes (MREs) and a very close distance to the electrode surface of interest, this principle can be used to record local current densities independently of the reaction that causes the current flow (ion or electron transfer processes). Ion transfer processes are difficult to image by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Here we present technical details of our SOM setup with possible extension required for the analysis of battery materials. In this respect, the selection of the specific voltage probes is explored for different applications. Our concept further uses voltage programs, for example, cyclic voltammetry, at each grid point of the image and the integration of specific voltage ranges to obtain material‐specific signals, and is extended by the use of a shear‐force detection unit at inclined capillaries for topographical imaging and an accurate vertical positioning of the probe.