bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband omnidirectional distributed antenna for indoor wireless communication systems
Authors: He Kai , Gong Shu‐Xi , Guo Da 
Published: June 2016

A broadband omnidirectional distributed antenna is studied theoretically and experimentally. By loading three shorted coupling patches over the top of the radiation patches and a circular sleeve on the ground plane, the bandwidth of the antenna which is excited by a truncated cone feeding structure is significantly enhanced. Results show that an impedance bandwidth of 152% ranging from 0.97 to 7.09 GHz is achieved. Omnidirectional radiation patterns in the horizontal plane, low cross polarisation level, and stable antenna gain ranging from 2.1 to 7.3 dBi are realised over the operating band, which suggests the distributed antenna can be widely used in indoor wireless communication systems.
Single‐switch high step‐up converter based on coupled inductor and switched capacitor techniques with quasi‐resonant operation
Authors: Forouzesh Mojtaba , Yari Keyvan , Baghramian Alfred , Hasanpour Sara 
Published: June 2016

This study presents a novel single‐switch high step‐up dc–dc converter employing a quasi‐resonant operation with high efficiency and low ripple continuous input current characteristics. In order to achieve a high voltage gain, a combination of coupled inductor and switched capacitor techniques is used in the proposed dc–dc converter. Moreover, utilising a series resonance capacitor with the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor leads to a resonant circuit. Subsequently, by employing a quasi‐resonant operation, the switching loss of the proposed dc–dc converter has been reduced significantly. Operational analysis, mathematical derivation, component voltage and current ratings are well demonstrated in this study. Finally, the performance of the proposed circuit is evaluated through a 200 W laboratory prototype with 25 V input voltage and 400 V output voltage. The maximum efficiency achieved at full load is 96.4%.
Photoreceptor effects on plant biomass, resource allocation, and metabolic state
Authors: Yang Deyue , Seaton Daniel D. , Krahmer Johanna , Halliday Karen J. 
Published: June 2016

Significance
Plant development is inextricably bound to the external light environment. Light drives photosynthetic carbon fixation and activates a suite of signal-transducing photoreceptors that regulate plant growth and development. This study highlights an important role for the phytochrome light receptors in synchronizing carbon resource allocation to daytime growth. We establish that phytochromes are major environmental drivers of plant biomass production and regulate the transition between growth-intensive and stress-resilient states.
HIV-1 and HIV-2 exhibit divergent interactions with HLTF and UNG2 DNA repair proteins
Authors: Hrecka Kasia , Hao Caili , Shun Ming-Chieh , Kaur Sarabpreet , Swanson Selene K. , Florens Laurence , Washburn Michael P. , Skowronski Jacek 
Published: June 2016

Significance
In nondividing host cells, HIV is targeted by intrinsic antiviral defense mechanisms that introduce marks of damage into viral cDNA, thereby tagging it for processing by cellular DNA repair machinery. Surprisingly, our findings reveal that the two main types of HIV exhibit very different interactions with enzymes involved in DNA repair. HIV-1, but not HIV-2, efficiently removes select DNA repair enzymes, whereas HIV-2 increases dNTP supply in infected cells by removing SAMHD1 (a cell cycle-regulated dNTP triphosphohydrolase) dNTPase. Our findings imply that increasing dNTP supply during viral cDNA synthesis or repair, or blocking cDNA processing by DNA repair enzymes, are alternative strategies used by HIV-2 and HIV-1 to guard their DNA genomes and facilitate their replication/persistence in the host.
Spawning Season Distribution in Subpopulations of Muskellunge in Georgian Bay, Lake Huron
Authors: Weller J. Daniel , Leblanc John Paul , Liskauskas Arunas , Chow‐Fraser Patricia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLoss of spawning and nursery habitats has been implicated as a major factor in the widespread decline of Muskellunge Esox masquinongy populations in North America. Although there is limited evidence of spawning site fidelity in Great Lakes populations of Muskellunge, such behavior could result in recruitment failure if individuals return each year to spawning sites that have become degraded. We compared the spawning behaviors of individual Muskellunge across three subpopulations in Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, to address the hypothesis that the use of specific spawning sites and spawning site fidelity are independent of the habitat's suitability for successful recruitment. The study regions (southeastern, northeastern, and northern Georgian Bay) have experienced different impacts from human development and sustained low water levels. We radio‐tagged 49 adult Muskellunge and tracked them for up to 3 years (between 2012 and 2015). Sufficient multiyear data were only acquired for 18 individuals in the southeastern region; among those fish, 16 showed fidelity to at least one activity center over 2–3 years. Male Muskellunge occupied significantly smaller activity centers and shallower depths than females during the spawning season. The locations of adult Muskellunge were in close proximity to current and historic nursery sites that had been identified in each region by other studies, supporting the close spatial linkage between spawning habitat and nursery habitat. This study is the first to confirm spawning site fidelity in Georgian Bay Muskellunge, and our results support the spatial association between spawning and nursery habitats. The repeated use of degraded habitat by spawning adults, as appears to be the case in southeastern Georgian Bay, highlights the need to identify and protect spawning and nursery habitats.Received October 1, 2015; accepted February 3, 2016 Published online June 23, 2016
Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of their experiences of sports‐related injuries, risk factors and preventive possibilities
Authors: Fagher Kristina , Forsberg Anna , Jacobsson Jenny , Timpka Toomas , Dahlström Örjan , Lexell Jan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOur knowledge of sports‐related injuries in para‐sport is limited and there are no data on how Paralympic athletes themselves perceive an injury. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of their experiences of sports‐related injuries, risk factors and preventive possibilities. Eighteen Swedish Paralympic athletes with vision impairment, intellectual impairment, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, myelomeningocele, dysplasia and neuromuscular disorder, representing 10 different para‐sports, were interviewed. The qualitative phenomenographic method was used to interpret the data. The analysis revealed nine categories of perceptions of experiences. The athletes perceived that their impairments were involved in the cause and consequential chains associated with a sports‐related injury. Other categories that denoted and described these injuries were: sport overuse, risk behaviour, functional limitations, psychological stressors, the normalised pain, health hazards, individual possibilities to prevent sports‐related injuries and unequal prerequisites. This qualitative study revealed that Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of their experiences of sports‐related injuries are complex and multifactorial, and in several ways differ from able‐bodied athletes. This needs to be considered in the sports health and safety work within the Paralympic Movement as well as in the design of future injury surveillance systems and preventive programmes.
Deconstructing Chronic Low Back Pain in the Older Adult—Step by Step Evidence and Expert-Based Recommendations for Evaluation and Treatment. Part VIII: Lateral Hip and Thigh Pain
Authors: Rho Monica , Camacho-Soto Alejandra , Cheng Abby , Havran Mark , Morone Natalia E. , Rodriguez Eric , Shega Joseph , Weiner Debra K. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Objective. This article presents an evidence-based algorithm to assist primary care providers with the diagnosis and management of lateral hip and thigh pain in older adults. It is part of a series that focuses on coexisting pain patterns and contributors to chronic low back pain (CLBP) in the aging population. The objective of the series is to encourage clinicians to take a holistic approach when evaluating and treating CLBP in older adults.
Methods. A content expert panel and a primary care panel collaboratively used the modified Delphi approach to iteratively develop an evidence-based diagnostic and treatment algorithm. The panelists included physiatrists, geriatricians, internists, and physical therapists who treat both civilians and Veterans, and the algorithm was developed so that all required resources are available within the Veterans Health Administration system. An illustrative patient case was chosen from one of the author’s clinical practices to demonstrate the reasoning behind principles presented in the algorithm.
Results. An algorithm was developed which logically outlines evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for lateral hip and thigh pain in older adults. A case is presented which highlights the potential complexities of identifying the true pain generator and the importance of implementing proper treatment.
Conclusions. Lateral hip and thigh pain in older adults can contribute to and coexist with CLBP. Distinguishing the true cause(s) of pain from potentially a myriad of asymptomatic degenerative changes can be challenging, but a systematic approach can assist in identifying and treating some of the most common causes.
Grant Success for Early-Career Faculty in Patient-Oriented Research: Difference-in-Differences Evaluation of an Interdisciplinary Mentored Research Training Program
Authors: Libby Anne M. , Hosokawa Patrick W. , Fairclough Diane L. , Prochazka Allan V. , Jones Pamela J. , Ginde Adit A. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Since 2004, the Clinical Faculty Scholars Program (CFSP) at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus has provided intensive interdisciplinary mentoring and structured training for early-career clinical faculty from multiple disciplines conducting patient-oriented clinical and outcomes research. This study evaluated the two-year program’s effects by comparing grant outcomes for CFSP participants and a matched comparison cohort of other junior faculty.

Method
Using 2000–2011 institutional grant and employment data, a cohort of 25 scholars was matched to a cohort of 125 comparison faculty (using time in rank and pre-period grant dollars awarded). A quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design was used to identify the CFSP effect on grant outcomes. Grant outcomes were measured by counts and dollars of grant proposals and awards as principal investigator. Outcomes were compared within cohorts over time (pre- vs. post-period) and across cohorts.

Results
From pre- to post-period, mean annual counts and dollars of grant awards increased significantly for both cohorts, but mean annual dollars increased significantly more for the CFSP than for the comparison cohort (delta $83,427 vs. $27,343, P < .01). Mean annual counts of grant proposals also increased significantly more for the CFSP than for the comparison cohort: 0.42 to 2.34 (delta 1.91) versus 0.77 to 1.07 (delta 0.30), P < .01.

Conclusions
Institutional investment in mentored research training for junior faculty provided significant grant award gains that began after one year of CFSP participation and persisted over time. The CFSP is a financially sustainable program with effects that are predictable, significant, and enduring.
Levels of Evidence in Orthopaedic Trauma Literature
Authors: Scheschuk Joseph P. , Mostello Andrew J. , Lombardi Nicholas J. , Maltenfort Mitchell G. , Freedman Kevin B. , Tjoumakaris Fotios P. 
Published: June 2016

Objective:
To review and critically assess trends observed regarding the levels of evidence in published articles in orthopaedic traumatology literature.

Data Sources:
The Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American, and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research.

Study Selection:
All articles from the years 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2013 in The Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma (JOT) and orthopaedic trauma-related articles from The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American (JBJS-A) and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (CORR) were analyzed. Articles were categorized by type and ranked for level of evidence according to guidelines from the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine.

Data Extraction:
Study type and standardized level of evidence were determined for each article. Articles were subcategorized as high-level evidence (I, II), moderate-level evidence (III), and low-level evidence (IV, V).

Data Synthesis:
During the study period, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American reduced its low-level studies from 80% to 40% (P = 0.00015), Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research decreased its low-level studies from 70% to 27%, and Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma decreased its low-level studies from 78% to 45%. Level IV and V therapeutic, prognostic, and diagnostic studies demonstrated significant decreases during the study period (P = 0.0046, P < 0.0001, P = 0.026). The percentage of high-level studies increased from 13% to 19%; however, this was not significant (P = 0.42). There was a trend showing an increase in level I and II studies for therapeutic, prognostic, and diagnostic studies (P = 0.06).

Conclusions:
There has been a statistically significant decrease in lower level of evidence studies published in the orthopaedic traumatology literature over the past 15 years.
Validation of a 2-Point Limited Sampling Strategy to Predict the Tacrolimus Area-Under-the-12-Hour-Curve in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Vadcharavivad Somratai , Susomboon Teerada , Kulabusaya Busaya , Avihingsanon Yingyos , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Townamchai Natavudh 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Limited sampling strategies (LSS) have been proposed for predicting total exposure of tacrolimus, a widely used immunosuppressant in transplantation. This study aims to validate the equation developed by Wong et al for estimation of the tacrolimus area-under-the-concentration-over-12-hour-curve (AUC0-12) and to assess the effects of hemoglobin and duration of tacrolimus therapy on predictive performance of the equation in adult kidney transplant recipients.

Methods:
Seven time point blood concentration profiles were collected from 31 stable kidney transplant recipients who received oral tacrolimus twice daily. The chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method was used to determine the tacrolimus concentration. Measured AUC0-12 (AUCm) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule. Predicted AUC0-12 (AUCp) was calculated using the equation that used tacrolimus concentrations measured at 2 hours (C2) and 4 hours (C4) after dose: 16.2 + 2.4(C2) + 5.9(C4). Predictive performance of the equation was determined by calculating bias and precision. Agreement between AUCp and AUCm was assessed. The effects of hemoglobin and duration of tacrolimus therapy on bias and precision were also evaluated.

Results:
The median (interquartile range) of AUCm was 133.00 (98.25, 185.70) ng·h·mL−1. The AUCp well correlated with the AUCm (r
2 = 0.962, P < 0.001). The equation had a mean percentage prediction error of −2.22% (95% CI, −5.14 to 0.71), mean absolute percentage prediction error of 6.67% (95% CI, 4.92–8.42), and root mean squared error (%CV) of 14.08 (10.29%) ng·h·mL−1. A Bland–Altman plot showed good agreement between AUCp and AUCm with a mean bias of −5.43 ng·h·mL−1 (95% CI, −10.28 to −0.59). The hemoglobin level and duration of tacrolimus therapy did not influence the predictive performance of the equation.

Conclusions:
The equation had low bias and high precision in predicting the AUC0-12 of tacrolimus. The equation is a simple and reliable tool for estimating tacrolimus exposure.
Do BRCA1/2 mutation carriers have an earlier onset of natural menopause?
Authors: van Tilborg Theodora C. , Broekmans Frank J. , Pijpe Anouk , Schrijver Lieske H. , Mooij Thea M. , Oosterwijk Jan C. , Verhoef Senno , Gómez Garcia Encarna B. , van Zelst-Stams Wendy A. , Adank Muriel A. , van Asperen Christi J. , van Doorn Helena C. , van Os Theo A. , Bos Anna M. , Rookus Matti A. , Ausems Margreet G. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objective:
It has been hypothesized that BRCA1/2 mutation carriers have an earlier age at natural menopause (ANM), although to date findings are inconclusive. This study assessed the influence of BRCA mutation status on ANM, and aimed to explore the reasons of inconsistency in the literature.

Methods:
Cross-sectional assessment from an ongoing nationwide cohort study among members of BRCA1/2 mutated families. Information was obtained by a standardized questionnaire. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed, and Cox regression was used to assess the association between BRCA1/2 mutation status and ANM. Adjustments were made for birth cohort, family, smoking, use of hormonal contraceptives, and parity.

Results:
A total of 1,208 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and 2,211 proven noncarriers were included. Overall, no association was found between BRCA1/2 mutation status and ANM (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.06 [95% CI, 0.87-1.30]). We examined if the null finding was due to informative censoring by uptake of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. Indeed, within the oldest birth cohort, in which the percentage of surgical menopause events was lowest and comparable between carriers and noncarriers, the HR for earlier natural menopause in carriers was 1.45 (95% CI, 1.09-1.94). The second oldest birth cohort, however, demonstrated a decreased HR (0.67 [95% CI, 0.46-0.98]), and thus no trend over birth cohorts was found.

Conclusions:
Various types of selection bias hamper the comparison of ANM between BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and noncarriers, genetically tested in the clinic.
Genetic Analysis of Japanese Children With Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Saito Nobutomo , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi , Sakurai Yumiko , Nakano Satoshi , Naritaka Nakayuki , Minowa Kei , Sai Jin K. , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Causes of acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) or chronic pancreatitis (CP) are sometimes difficult to determine in children. In such patients, genetic analysis may prove helpful. The present study analyzed mutations of cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1), serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1), chymotrypsin C (CTRC), and carboxypeptidase A1 (CPA1) and investigated the clinical features of children with these mutations.Methods:Genetic analyses of mutations in these 4 genes were conducted in 128 patients with ARP or CP. Characteristics of the patients showing mutations were investigated using medical records.Results:Fifty of the 128 (39.1%) subjects had at least 1 mutation (median age at onset, 7.6 years). Abdominal pain was the presenting symptom of pancreatitis in 48 of the 50 patients (96%). Fifteen of those 50 patients (30.0%) had a family history of pancreatitis. Gene mutations were present in PRSS1 in 26 patients, SPINK1 in 23, CTRC in 3, and CPA1 in 5. In the 31 patients with mutations in SPINK1, CTRC, or CPA1, 16 (51.6%) had homozygous or heterozygous mutations with other mutations. Three patients underwent surgery and another 4 patients underwent endoscopy to manage ARP or CP. Although 3 of the 7 patients complained of mild abdominal pain, none of those 7 patients experienced any obvious episode of ARP after treatment.Conclusions:In pediatric patients with idiopathic ARP and CP, genetic analysis is useful for identifying the cause of pancreatitis. Early endoscopic or surgical treatment prevents ARP by extending the interval between episodes of pancreatitis in this population.
Droxidopa and Reduced Falls in a Trial of Parkinson Disease Patients With Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: Hauser Robert A. , Heritier Stephane , Rowse Gerald J. , Hewitt L. Arthur , Isaacson Stuart H. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives
Droxidopa is a prodrug of norepinephrine indicated for the treatment of orthostatic dizziness, lightheadedness, or the “feeling that you are about to black out” in adult patients with symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension caused by primary autonomic failure including Parkinson disease (PD). The objective of this study was to compare fall rates in PD patients with symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension randomized to droxidopa or placebo.

Methods
Study NOH306 was a 10-week, phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of droxidopa in PD patients with symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension that included assessments of falls as a key secondary end point. In this report, the principal analysis consisted of a comparison of the rate of patient-reported falls from randomization to end of study in droxidopa versus placebo groups.

Results
A total of 225 patients were randomized; 222 patients were included in the safety analyses, and 197 patients provided efficacy data and were included in the falls analyses. The 92 droxidopa patients reported 308 falls, and the 105 placebo patients reported 908 falls. In the droxidopa group, the fall rate was 0.4 falls per patient-week; in the placebo group, the rate was 1.05 falls per patient-week (prespecified Wilcoxon rank sum P = 0.704; post hoc Poisson-inverse Gaussian test P = 0.014), yielding a relative risk reduction of 77% using the Poisson-inverse Gaussian model. Fall-related injuries occurred in 16.7% of droxidopa-treated patients and 26.9% of placebo-treated patients.

Conclusions
Treatment with droxidopa appears to reduce falls in PD patients with symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, but this finding must be confirmed.
The importance of litter quality for the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant litter decomposition (short communication)
Authors: Leifheit E.F. , Rillig M.C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been shown to positively and negatively affect plant litter decomposition. The use of litter types with different quality and different observation periods might be responsible for these contradictory results. Therefore, we performed a 10-week laboratory experiment with 7 litter types differing in their C:N ratio, and tested for effects of litter quality and the presence of AMF on litter decomposition. We found that decomposition of plant litter with higher C:N ratios was only beginning and was stimulated by AMF, whereas decomposition of plant litter with lower C:N ratios had already progressed and was decreased by AMF. With this study we show that not only litter quality is important for effects of AMF on litter decomposition, but also the stage of litter decomposition.