bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Trivalent and Monovalent Palladium Cations in PdNa ‐ X Zeolite: Electron Spin Resonance and Electron Spin Echo Modulation Spectroscopic Studies.
Authors: MICHALIK J. , HEMING M. , KEVAN L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn activated Pd"Na‐ X (I), Pd" ions are stabilized much more efficiently than in Pd,3Na‐ X (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Addition of Fluoroalkyl Iodides to Alkenes Catalysed by Raney Nickel.
Authors: CHEN Q.‐Y. , YANG Z.‐Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUnter Katalyse von Raney‐Nickel addieren sich die Iodide (II) an terminale Alkene (I) unter Bildung der Iodide (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterocycles Through Reactions of Nucleophiles with Acrylonitriles.
Authors: ABDEL‐LATIF F. F. , GOHAR A.‐K. M. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe β‐pyridinyl acrylonitriles (I) react with compounds with active methylene groups, such as (II), (IV) and (VI), to give the corresponding condensation products (III), (V), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Hydroxy‐ and Carbonyl Compounds with Sulphur Tetrafluoride.
Authors: BLOSHCHITSA F. A. , BURMAKOV A. I. , KUNSHENKO B. V. , PITERSKIKH I. A. , ALEKSEEVA L. A. , YAGUPOL'SKII L. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe α‐keto esters (I) react with SP4 in the presence of catalytic amounts of HF ‐ from SF4 and H2O ‐ to form the products (II) by conversion of the ester carbonyl group to a CF; group.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Trialkyl Orthoformates with the Aluminium Derivatives of Some α‐Unsaturated Bromides.
Authors: PICOTIN G. , MIGINIAC P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Al derivatives of the α‐unsaturated bromides (I), (IV), and (VI) which can be generated in ether are very reactive toward the trialkylorthoformates (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Thiocyanic Acid to Acetylenes with the Aid of Hg(II).
Authors: GIFFARD M. , COUSSEAU J. , GOUIN L. , CRAHE M.‐R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction condition indicated in the scheme renders possible the synthesis of the isothiocyanates (II) as main products (w 80‐90% of the mixtures).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Rearrangement of N‐Sulphonylindole 3‐Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: BASS R. J. , EVANS T. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Aldehyde (I) reagieren mit dem Methoxyethylamin (II) unter Dean‐ Stark‐Bedingungen zu einem Gemisch der erwarteten Imine (III) und der umgelagerten Imine (IV), die zu den Ausgangsprodukten (I) und den isomeren Methylketonen (V) gespalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5,10‐Dideazaminopterin.
Authors: DEGRAW J. I. , TAGAWA H. , CHRISTIE P. H. , LAWSON J. A. , BROWN E. G. , KISLIUK R. L. , GAUMONT Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus 4‐Toluylsäure (I) erhält man den substituierten Ester (II), der zum Aldehyd (III) verseift wird.
Enhanced Ligand‐Based Luminescence in Metal–Organic Framework Sensor
Authors: Legrand Alexandre , Pastushenko Anton , Lysenko Vladimir , Geloen Alain , Quadrelli Elsje Alessandra , Canivet Jerome , Farrusseng David 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks are appealing hybrid solids which attract continuously growing interest. Their advantageous application in sensing devices is demonstrated here. In particular, the use of a short‐pulse laser excitation of luminescent metal‐organic framework is reported for the first time to favor the ligand‐based emission. The designed MOF‐based system achieves in vitro H2S dosing by turn‐on fluorescence with unprecedented sensitivity. The Al‐MIL‐101‐based sensor detects sulfide produced by living cells and sulfide‐releasing molecules in physiological media with a constant accuracy at sub‐micromolar levels. The reported sensitivity is suitable for medical applications and opens new perspectives in the design of new point‐of‐care testing devices. The detailed relationship between photoluminescence mechanisms and chemical modification of the MOF upon sensing is also reported.
Across the Board: Pieter Bruijnincx
Authors: Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Dr. Pieter Bruijnincx, who discusses bio‐based approaches to new and existing chemicals for large‐scale polymer applications, highlighting that the development of methodologies to obtain key monomers from biomass leads to new chemistry, aids the transition to a more sustainable chemical industry, and fosters new interdisciplinary approaches.
Carbon content and climate variability drive global soil bacterial diversity patterns
Authors: Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Maestre Fernando T. , Reich Peter B. , Trivedi Pankaj , Osanai Yui , Liu Yu‐Rong , Hamonts Kelly , Jeffries Thomas C. , Singh Brajesh K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDespite the vital role of microorganisms for ecosystem functioning and human welfare, our understanding of their global diversity and biogeographical patterns lags significantly behind that of plants and animals. We conducted a meta‐analysis including ~600 soil samples from all continents to evaluate the biogeographical patterns and drivers of bacterial diversity in terrestrial ecosystems at the global scale. Similar to what has been found with plants and animals, the diversity of soil bacteria in the Southern Hemisphere decreased from the equator to Antarctica. However, soil bacteria showed similar levels of diversity across the Northern Hemisphere. The composition of bacterial communities followed dissimilar patterns between hemispheres, as the Southern and Northern Hemispheres were dominated by Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria, respectively. However, Proteobacteria was co‐dominant in both hemispheres. Moreover, we found a decrease in soil bacterial diversity with altitude. Climatic features (e.g., high diurnal temperature range and low temperature) were correlated with the lower diversity found at high elevations, but geographical gradients in soil total carbon and species turnover were important drivers of the observed latitudinal patterns. We thus found both parallels and differences in the biogeographical patterns of aboveground vs. soil bacterial diversity. Our findings support previous studies that highlighted soil pH, spatial influence, and organic matter as important drivers of bacterial diversity and composition. Furthermore, our results provide a novel integrative view of how climate and soil factors influence soil bacterial diversity at the global scale, which is critical to improve ecosystem and earth system simulation models and for formulating sustainable ecosystem management and conservation policies.
Kinetics of the Reactions Prevailing during Packed‐Bed Chemical Looping Combustion of Syngas using Ilmenite
Authors: Ortiz Maria , Gallucci Fausto , Melchiori Tommaso , Spallina Vincenzo , van Sint Annaland Martin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractChemical looping combustion has been identified as a very promising technology for power production with integrated carbon dioxide capture. The objective of this work is to study the kinetics of all reactions that are important in the combustion of syngas in a packed‐bed chemical looping reactor by using ilmenite as an oxygen carrier. The reaction kinetics of reduction, with hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and oxidation, with oxygen, of ilmenite‐based pellets have been determined in a thermogravimetric analyzer. The shrinking core model for a spherical geometry was used to obtain the kinetic parameters by considering mixed control by chemical reactions and diffusion through the product layer for all reaction involved. The reduction rate of ilmenite by hydrogen was at least an order of magnitude higher than that by carbon monoxide (especially at higher particle conversions) and the activation energies were found to be 45 and 30 kJ mol−1 for reduction with hydrogen and carbon monoxide, respectively. For the oxidation reaction, a much lower apparent activation energy of 5 kJ mol−1 was found, which indicated that the temperature did not have an important effect on the oxidation kinetics of ilmenite. In addition, the catalytic activity of ilmenite for water gas shift (WGS) was measured in a micro fixed‐bed reactor. An empirical power‐law model was used to describe the kinetics of the WGS reaction over ilmenite.
Long-term water quality data explain interpopulation variation in responsiveness to stress in sticklebacks at both wastewater effluent-contaminated and uncontaminated sites
Authors: Pottinger Tom G. , Matthiessen Peter 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

The magnitude of the corticosteroid response to a standardized stressor varied in proportion to the concentration of effluent in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) captured downstream of 10 wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs). However, at 9 sites with no upstream WWTP input interpopulation variation in the reactivity of the stress axis occurred across a similar range to that seen for fish at impacted sites, suggesting that the factor(s) responsible for modulating stress responsiveness in sticklebacks is not unique to sites receiving WWTP effluent. Physicochemical data from a long-term monitoring program were employed to investigate whether variation in water quality contributed to between-site variation in stress axis reactivity. Between-site variation in 14 water quality determinands explained between 30% and 60% of the variation in stress reactivity and fish size for sticklebacks at both WWTP–contaminated and uncontaminated sites. At uncontaminated sites the mean mass and length of sticklebacks increased with total oxidized nitrogen (N) concentration (as an indicator of anthropogenic input), whereas at WWTP–contaminated sites fish size decreased with increasing effluent concentration, suggesting that factors adversely affecting growth were present predominantly at WWTP–contaminated sites. In contrast, at both contaminated and uncontaminated sites the magnitude of the corticosteroid response to a standardized stressor increased with anthropogenic input (effluent concentration or total oxidized N, respectively), indicating that a factor or factors modulating the reactivity of the stress axis may be present at both WWTP–contaminated and uncontaminated sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:3014–3022. © 2016 SETAC
Mind the Gap: 20 Years of Progress and Retrenchment in School Funding and Achievement Gaps
Authors: Baker Bruce D. , Farrie Danielle , Sciarra David G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough there has been significant progress in the long term, achievement gaps among the nation's students persist. Many factors have contributed to the disparities in outcomes, and societal changes can explain progress, or lack thereof, over the past few decades. This is well documented in the 2010 Educational Testing Service (ETS) reportBlack–White Achievement Gaps: When Progress Stopped, which explored achievement gap trends and identified the changing conditions that may have influenced those trends. In this report, we extend that work by focusing on the relationship between school funding, resource allocation, and achievement among students from low‐income families. We tackle the assumption that greater resources, delivered through fair and equitable school funding systems, could help raise academic outcomes and reduce the achievement gap. The goal is to provide convincing evidence that state finance policies have consequences in terms of the level and distribution of resources, here limited to staffing characteristics, and that the resulting allocation of resources is also associated with changes in both the level of academic achievement and achievement gaps between low‐income children and their peers. Using more than 20 years of revenue and expenditure data for schools, we empirically test the idea that increasing investments in schools generally is associated with greater access to resources as measured by staffing ratios, class sizes, and the competitiveness of teacher wages. When the findings presented here are considered with the strong body of academic literature on the positive relationship between substantive and sustained state school finance reforms and improved student outcomes, a strong case can be made that state and federal policy focused on improving state finance systems to ensure equitable funding and improving access to resources for children from low‐income families is a key strategy to improve outcomes and close achievement gaps.
The role of cortical beta oscillations in time estimation
Authors: Kulashekhar Shrikanth , Pekkola Johanna , Palva Jaakko Matias , Palva Satu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEstimation of time is central to perception, action, and cognition. Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission topography (PET) have revealed a positive correlation between the estimation of multi‐second temporal durations and neuronal activity in a circuit of sensory and motor areas, prefrontal and temporal cortices, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. The systems‐level mechanisms coordinating the collective neuronal activity in these areas have remained poorly understood. Synchronized oscillations regulate communication in neuronal networks and could hence serve such coordination, but their role in the estimation and maintenance of multi‐second time intervals has remained largely unknown. We used source‐reconstructed magnetoencephalography (MEG) to address the functional significance of local neuronal synchronization, as indexed by the amplitudes of cortical oscillations, in time‐estimation. MEG was acquired during a working memory (WM) task where the subjects first estimated and then memorized the durations, or in the contrast condition, the colors of dynamic visual stimuli. Time estimation was associated with stronger beta (β, 14 − 30 Hz) band oscillations than color estimation in sensory regions and attentional cortical structures that earlier have been associated with time processing. In addition, the encoding of duration information was associated with strengthened gamma‐ (γ, 30 − 120 Hz), and the retrieval and maintenance with alpha‐ (α, 8 − 14 Hz) band oscillations. These data suggest that β oscillations may provide a mechanism for estimating short temporal durations, while γ and α oscillations support their encoding, retrieval, and maintenance in memory. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3262–3281, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
6‐Mer Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides Modulate Neuroinflammation and α‐Synuclein Expression in Neuron‐Like SH‐SY5Y Cells
Authors: Scuruchi Michele , D'Ascola Angela , Avenoso Angela , Campana Stefania , Abusamra Yousef A. , Spina Edoardo , Calatroni Alberto , Campo Giuseppe M. , Campo Salvatore 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTSeveral studies have shown the degradation of the extracellular matrix at the site of neuroinflammation and increased release of degradation products of glycosaminoglycans. Among these, low molecular weight fragments of hyaluronan (HA) may play a key role in the events leading to neuroinflammation and/or neuronal degeneration. Small HA fragments are able to induce inflammation by stimulating both TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 as well as CD44 receptors. This stimulation culminates in the nuclear translocation of NF‐kB that in turn induces the production of pro‐inflammatory intermediates such as TNF‐α and IL‐1β. The potential of HA fragments, as mediators of inflammation, it has been poorly investigated in neuron‐like SH‐SY5Y cells so the aim of this study was to investigate the neuroinflammatory effects of very small HA oligosaccharides, the involvement of TLR‐2, TLR‐4, and CD44 and the production of α‐synuclein in such cells. The addition of HA fragments to cell cultures up‐regulated TLR‐2, TLR‐4, and CD44 levels, induced NF‐kB activity and increased both TNF‐α and IL‐β as well as α‐synuclein production. On blocking the activity of TLR‐2, TLR‐4, and CD44 the levels of inflammatory parameters and of α‐synuclein were significantly reduced. Since several data have shown as α‐synuclein, produced from neurons, is able to initiate ex novo or to maintain an existing neuroinflammatory response, which has been suggested as one of the principal components involved in neurodegenerative pathologies, as PD, we suggest that HA pathways should be given careful consideration when devising future anti‐neuroinflammatory strategies to defend against the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2835–2843, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dosimetric and radiobiological impact of intensity modulated proton therapy and RapidArc planning for high‐risk prostate cancer with seminal vesicles
Authors: Rana Suresh , Cheng ChihYao , Zhao Li , Park SungYong , Larson Gary , Vargas Carlos , Dunn Megan , Zheng Yuanshui 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric and radiobiological impact of intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) and RapidArc planning for high‐risk prostate cancer with seminal vesicles.MethodsTen high‐risk prostate cancer cases were included in this retrospective study. For each case, IMPT plans were generated using multiple field optimisation (MFO) technique (two fields) with XiO treatment planning system (TPS), whereas RapidArc plans were generated using double‐arc technique (two full arcs) with Eclipse TPS. IMPT and RapidArc plans were optimised for a total prescription dose of 79.2 Gy (relative biological effectiveness (RBE)) and 79.2 Gy, respectively, using identical dose–volume constraints. IMPT and RapidArc plans were then normalised such that at least 95% of the planning target volume (PTV) received the prescription dose.ResultsThe mean and maximum PTV doses were comparable in IMPT plans (80.1 ± 0.3 Gy (RBE) and 82.6 ± 1.0 Gy (RBE) respectively) and RapidArc plans (80.3 ± 0.3 Gy and 82.8 ± 0.6 Gy respectively) with P = 0.088 and P = 0.499 respectively. The mean doses of the rectum and bladder were found to be significantly lower in IMPT plans (16.9 ± 5.8 Gy (RBE) and 17.5 ± 5.4 Gy (RBE) respectively) when compared to RapidArc plans (41.9 ± 5.7 Gy and 32.5 ± 7.8 Gy respectively) with P < 0.000 and P < 0.000 respectively. For the rectum, IMPT produced lower V30 (21.0 ± 9.6% vs. 68.5 ± 10.0%; P < 0.000), V50 (14.3 ± 5.8% vs. 45.0 ± 10.0%; P < 0.000) and V70 (6.9 ± 3.4% vs. 12.8 ± 3.6%; P < 0.000) compared to RapidArc. For the bladder, IMPT produced lower V30 (23.2 ± 7.0% vs. 50.9 ± 15.6%; P < 0.000) and V50 (16.6 ± 5.4% vs. 25.1 ± 9.6%; P = 0.001), but similar V70 (9.7 ± 3.5% vs. 10.5 ± 4.2%; P = 0.111) compared to RapidArc. RapidArc produced lower mean dose for both the right femoral head (19.5 ± 4.2 Gy vs. 27.4 ± 4.5 Gy (RBE); P < 0.000) and left femoral head (18.0 ± 4.3 Gy vs. 28.0 ± 5.6 Gy (RBE); P < 0.000). Both IMPT and RapidArc produced comparable bladder normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) (0.6 ± 0.2% vs. 0.5 ± 0.2%; P = 0.152). The rectal NTCP was found to be lower using IMPT (0.8 ± 0.7%) than using RapidArc (1.7 ± 0.7%) with P < 0.000.ConclusionBoth IMPT and RapidArc techniques provided comparable mean and maximum PTV doses. For the rectum, IMPT produced better dosimetric results in the low‐, medium‐ and high‐dose regions and lower NTCP compared to RapidArc. For the bladder, the NTCP and dosimetric results in the high‐dose region were comparable in both sets of plans, whereas IMPT produced better dosimetric results in the low‐ and medium‐dose regions.
When perceived innovation job requirement increases employee innovative behavior: A sensemaking perspective
Authors: Shin Shung Jae , Yuan Feirong , Zhou Jing 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBuilding on the sensemaking perspective, we theorize and test conditions under which perceived innovation job requirement increases employee innovative behavior. Using data consisting of 311 employee–supervisor pairs from two companies in China, we found that perceived innovation job requirement had a more positive relation with innovative behavior for employees with low intrinsic interest in innovation than for those with high intrinsic interest. In addition, this positive effect for low‐intrinsic‐interest employees was achieved only when these employees interpreted the job requirement as important either because performance‐reward expectancy was high or because perceived value for the organization was high. We discuss the implications of these results for research and practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Univariate and multi‐variate comparisons of protein and carbohydrate molecular structural conformations and their associations with nutritive factors in typical by‐products
Authors: Xin Hangshu , Qu Yongli , Wu Haonan , Yu Peiqiang , Zhang Yonggen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDLittle attention has been paid on the inherent molecular structural effects among agricultural by‐products. In this study, soybean meal (SM), wheat bran (WB), corn distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS), dry brewer's grain (DBG), wet brewer's grain (WBG), and apple pomace (AP), which are widely used in the animal industry were selected to explore protein and carbohydrate molecular structural conformations.RESULTSAll the protein peak heights (including α‐helix and β‐sheet) and areas were exhibited highest values in SM and lowest in AP. The SM had the highest peak area intensity of cellulosic compounds (CELC), while the remaining varieties showed the lowest absorbance level. The TSCHO (sum of structural carbohydrate (SCHO) and CELC area exhibited variations among the samples. Multivariate comparisons showed AP had no molecular structural association with other by‐products within the protein amide region. Protein amides I, II and (I+II) areas, α‐helix, β‐sheet and area ratio of protein amide and (TSCHO + TCHO) had strong relationships with CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, SCP, starch, PC, CA, CC and TDN contents.CONCLUSIONInherent molecular structures varied among the selected by‐product types and they might be used as potential predictors of nutritive factors, especially for protein structural information. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Symbolic, Experiential and Functional Consumptions of Heritage Tourism Destinations: The Case of Angkor World Heritage Site, Cambodia
Authors: Chen Ching‐Fu , Leask Anna , Phou Sambath 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study empirically investigates the effects of three destination consumptions (namely symbolic, experiential and functional) on tourists' destination attachment and satisfaction, and further on destination loyalty at a heritage tourism destinations. Using a sample of 512 international tourists visiting Angkor, Cambodia, results reveal that all three types of consumptions have significantly positive effects on destination attachment and satisfaction, which in turn positively affect destination loyalty. However, the effects of symbolic consumption and experiential consumption are greater than that of functional consumption. The results also support the importance of the role of destination attachment in the quality–satisfaction–loyalty relationship. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.