bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE THEORETICAL ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY: CLOUD-BASED MOCK GALAXY CATALOGS*
Authors: Bernyk Maksym , Croton Darren J. , Tonini Chiara , Hodkinson Luke , Hassan Amr H. , Garel Thibault , Duffy Alan R. , Mutch Simon J. , Poole Gregory B. , Hegarty Sarah 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We introduce the Theoretical Astrophysical Observatory (TAO), an online virtual laboratory that houses mock observations of galaxy survey data. Such mocks have become an integral part of the modern analysis pipeline. However, building them requires expert knowledge of galaxy modeling and simulation techniques, significant investment in software development, and access to high performance computing. These requirements make it difficult for a small research team or individual to quickly build a mock catalog suited to their needs. To address this TAO offers access to multiple cosmological simulations and semi-analytic galaxy formation models from an intuitive and clean web interface. Results can be funnelled through science modules and sent to a dedicated supercomputer for further processing and manipulation. These modules include the ability to (1) construct custom observer light cones from the simulation data cubes; (2) generate the stellar emission from star formation histories, apply dust extinction, and compute absolute and/or apparent magnitudes; and (3) produce mock images of the sky. All of TAO’s features can be accessed without any programming requirements. The modular nature of TAO opens it up for further expansion in the future.
Genotyping of Indian antigenic, vaccine, and field Brucella spp. using multilocus sequence typing
Authors: Shome Rajeswari , Krithiga Natesan , Shankaranarayana Padmashree B , Jegadesan Sankarasubramanian , Udayakumar S Vishnu , Shome Bibek Ranjan , Saikia Girin Kumar , Sharma Narendra Kumar , Chauhan Harshad , Chandel Bharat Singh , Jeyaprakash Rajendhran , Rahman Habibur 
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases that affects multiple livestock species and causes great economic losses. The highly conserved genomes of Brucella, with > 90% homology among species, makes it important to study the genetic diversity circulating in the country. Methodology: A total of 26 Brucella spp. (4 reference strains and 22 field isolates) and 1 B. melitensis draft genome sequence from India (B. melitensis Bm IND1) were included for sequence typing. The field isolates were identified by biochemical tests and confirmed by both conventional and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting bcsp 31Brucella genus-specific marker. Brucella speciation and biotyping was done by Bruce ladder, probe qPCR, and AMOS PCRs, respectively, and genotyping was done by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results: The MLST typing of 27 Brucella spp. revealed five distinct sequence types (STs); the B. abortus S99 reference strain and 21 B. abortus field isolates belonged to ST1. On the other hand, the vaccine strain B. abortus S19 was genotyped as ST5. Similarly, B. melitensis 16M reference strain and one B. melitensis field isolate were grouped into ST7. Another B. melitensis field isolate belonged to ST8 (draft genome sequence from India), and only B. suis 1330 reference strain was found to be ST14. Conclusion: The sequences revealed genetic similarity of the Indian strains to the global reference and field strains. The study highlights the usefulness of MLST for typing of field isolates and validation of reference strains used for diagnosis and vaccination against brucellosis.
Harmonia manillana (Mulsant), a new addition to Indian Coccinellidae, with changes in synonymy
Authors: Poorani J. , Booth Roger 
Published: March 2016

Harmonia dunlopi (Crotch), a rare lady beetle species, was originally described from 'India' by Crotch (1874). But information on subsequent sightings of this species is absent and it has not been reported by anyone from India and its neighbouring countries ever since its original description. Because of this, Indian records of H. dunlopi were suspected to be probably misidentifications of H. dimidiata (F.), a species common in northern and northeastern India and also widely distributed in the Oriental region.
A single male specimen of a species collected in recent surveys from Arunachal Pradesh, India, was suspected to be H. dunlopi. Comparison of this specimen with the collections at the Natural History Museum, London, confirmed that it belonged to Harmonia manillana (Mulsant), hitherto known from Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Harmonia manillana is a highly polymorphic species with many synonyms and based on examination of the type material, the following nomenclatural changes are proposed. Harmonia dunlopi was found to be only a color variant of H. manillana and hence it is reduced to a junior synonym of H. manillana (syn. nov.). Harmonia decussata (Crotch 1874) is removed from synonymy with H. manillana and reinstated as a valid species (stat. rev.) and H. flavomarginata Bielawski 1968 is a new junior synonym of H. decussata (syn. nov.). This is the first record of H. manillana for India and South Asia. The male genitalia of H. manillana are illustrated and compared with those of H. dimidiata, the more common Indian species, to facilitate its recognition.
Revitaliser l’industrie grâce à l’innovation
Authors: Molina Antonio 
Published: March 2016

Antonio Molina rachète une entreprise de peinture et définit une stratégie ambitieuse : croissance externe, choix du marché du ferroviaire, puis de l’automobile et de l’aéronautique, accent sur la R&D. Un succès par l’audace et la curiosité scientifique.
Les entreprises de taille intermédiaire : comment être petit et mondial
Authors: Bouygues Bruno , Guérin Anne , Puzo Joseph 
Published: March 2016

L’internationalisation est onéreuse et risquée pour les ETI. Comment s’implanter au loin, nouer des relations d’affaires en s’adaptant aux traditions locales, financer des développements ? Sur quelles ressources externes et internes s’appuyer ?
L’évaluation de la mise en œuvre du Plan pluriannuel contre la pauvreté et pour l’inclusion sociale
Authors: Dubreu Malka 
Published: March 2016

Le Plan pluriannuel de lutte contre la pauvreté et pour l’inclusion sociale a fait l’objet de deux évaluations par l’Inspection générale des affaires sociales ( igas ). Il s’agit d’un exemple intéressant d’évaluation des politiques publiques qui contribue à l’objectif de « refondation du travail social », mais qui pose, en même temps, de multiples problèmes.
Démarche et processus des États généraux du travail social
Authors: Bouquet Brigitte , Jaeger Marcel 
Published: March 2016

Lancés en 2013 par le gouvernement, les États généraux du travail social avaient pour objectif de reconnaître et soutenir le travail social comme acteur des politiques publiques de cohésion sociale, de redonner du sens à ses actions, de faire évoluer le regard porté sur le travail social par la société, de faire partager le plus largement possible une vision ambitieuse du travail social pour le xxi e siècle. Cet article rappelle la démarche et le processus menés jusqu’à la présentation en conseil des ministres du Plan d’action en faveur du travail social et du développement social.
Les dynamiques repérées lors des assises interrégionales
Authors: Bouquet Brigitte , Crespo Geneviève 
Published: March 2016

Les travaux préparatoires aux Assises et les assises territoriales interrégionales ont été une contribution importante aux États généraux du travail social. Les différents acteurs (publics, associations, travailleurs sociaux...) y ont procédé à l’élaboration de diagnostics sur les difficultés et les points forts du travail social, à l’identification de pratiques « innovantes », à l’élaboration de propositions pour les États généraux. Malgré l’implication différente selon les interrégions, ils ont apporté de nombreuses réflexions sur l’adéquation entre les pratiques de travail social, les attentes des usagers et les problématiques sociales actuelles. Cet article en rend compte de façon synthétique.
La formation continue, « nourriture terrestre » du travail social ?
Authors: Casagrande Alice 
Published: March 2016

La formation professionnelle continue des travailleurs sociaux engage trois dimensions de l’action, à une échelle individuelle, collective et sociétale. Elle s’inscrit dans un contexte profondément rénové à la suite de la loi de mars 2014 et doit donc faire face à la fois à la raréfaction des ressources et à la responsabilisation nouvelle des acteurs. Dans ce contexte, trois pistes sont proposées pour répondre correctement aux enjeux actuels. Premièrement, faire de la formation continue un espace de maturation collective des pratiques dans un contexte où les pratiques individuelles et individualisées font figure de modèle dominant. Deuxièmement, faire de la formation professionnelle le moyen privilégié de faire naître ou d’entretenir une culture partagée sur un territoire, désormais espace-clé des accompagnements forcément pluriels. Troisièmement, investir la formation professionnelle continue comme un espace partagé pour les savoirs professionnels et les savoirs expérientiels des personnes accompagnées.
Metabolic Reprogramming of Host Cells by Virulent Francisella tularensis for Optimal Replication and Modulation of Inflammation
Authors: Wyatt Elliott V. , Diaz Karina , Griffin Amanda J. , Rasmussen Jed A. , Crane Deborah D. , Jones Bradley D. , Bosio Catharine M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A shift in macrophage metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis is a requirement for activation to effectively combat invading pathogens. Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes an acute, fatal disease called tularemia. Its primary mechanism of virulence is its ability to evade and suppress inflammatory responses while replicating in the cytosol of macrophages. The means by which F. tularensis modulates macrophage activation are not fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that virulent F. tularensis impairs production of inflammatory cytokines in primary macrophages by preventing their shift to aerobic glycolysis, as evidenced by the downregulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α and failure to upregulate pfkfb3. We also show that Francisella capsule is required for this process. In addition to modulating inflammatory responses, inhibition of glycolysis in host cells is also required for early replication of virulent Francisella. Taken together, our data demonstrate that metabolic reprogramming of host cells by F. tularensis is a key component of both inhibition of host defense mechanisms and replication of the bacterium.
Micromuseology An Analysis of Small Independent Museums
Authors: Candlin Fiona 
Published: March 2016

How would our understanding of museums change if we used the Vintage Wireless Museum or the Museum of Witchcraft as examples – rather than the British Museum or the Louvre? Although there are thousands of small, independent, single-subject museums in the UK, Europe and North America, the field of museum studies remains focused almost exclusively on major institutions.
In this ground-breaking new book, Fiona Candlin reveals how micromuseums challenge preconceived ideas about what museums are and how they operate. Based on extensive fieldwork and analysis of more than fifty micromuseums, she shows how they offer dramatically different models of curation, interpretation and visitor experience, and how their analysis generates new perspectives on subjects such as display, objects, collections, architecture, and the public sphere.
The first-ever book dedicated to the subject, Micromuseology provides a platform for radically rethinking key debates within museum studies. Destined to transform the field, it is essential reading for students and researchers in museum studies, anthropology, material culture studies, and visual culture.
Meritocracy and the University
Authors: Zimdars Anna Mountford 
Published: March 2016

Based on a hundred interviews with some of the key stakeholders in university admissions, and statistics from both primary and secondary sources, this book explains the values, processes and practices that judge some individuals as worthy of getting an education at elite universities and deny admission to other applicants.
By juxtaposing the UK and US systems the book invites readers from both sides of the Atlantic to see the familiar as strange and to reflect on the underlying values behind the selection of students. It illustrates how particular discussions of meritocracy affect individuals and relate to the history and social climate of each nation.
Heart Drawing: A New Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Becker-Weidman Arthur 
Published: March 2016

<p class="Standard">This paper presents a methodology for assessing a child’s capacity to identify primary affective states, affect regulation, and affective experiences in a non-threatening manner. The methodology can be used with children from ages three years thru age nineteen years.</p><p class="Standard">Background</p><p class="Standard">A thorough assessment includes an evaluation of a person’s capacity to identify and regulate emotions. Affect regulation requires the capacity to identify internal experiences of emotions. The Heart Drawing was developed as a non-threatening method for assessing a child’s capacity to identify emotions. Most children enjoy drawing and the Heart Drawing is usually experienced by the child as non-threatening and enjoyable.</p><p class="Standard">The Heart Drawing is a new, easy to use, and efficient tool that allows the clinician to assess a child’s affect regulation functioning, affective range, and experience in a non-threatening manner. It can also be used to assess a child’s insightfulness and capacity to identify internal affective experiences.</p><p class="Standard">Method</p><p class="Standard">The child is asked to select colors for the feelings expressive of mad, sad, glad, and scared from a group of nine primary colors. The child is then asked to draw a heart and to fill in the heart with the amount of each feeling that the child usually feels.</p><p class="Standard">Results</p><p class="Standard">Administration and discussion usually takes ten to fifteen minutes.</p><p class="Standard">Conclusion</p><p class="Standard">The article presents examples of drawings by children with various diagnoses and conditions along with a normative drawing for comparison. The methodology has been found to be very helpful in assessing a child’s emotional status and capacity to regulate emotions.</p><p>Key Practitioner Message</p><p>1) Emotional regulation and the capacity to identify emotions is important for evaluation and treatment.</p><p>2) Projective drawing methods can be useful in assessing a person’s ability to identify and regulate emotions.</p><p>3) The Heart Drawing is an efficient and effective method for assessing a person’s capacity to identify and regulate emotions.</p>
Analytical Method Validation and Quality Control of a Seven-Herb Chinese Medicine Formulation Used for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation
Authors: Lee Samiuela , Khoo Cheang S , Pearson Jarryd L , Bourchier Suzannah J , Bensoussan Alan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
There is a need for increased QC of complex herbal medicine formulations to ensure product consistency, efficacy, and safety. This study reports an HPLC with photodiode array and electrospray ionization–tandem MS method for quantifying selected analytes in a seven-herb formulation. Fourteen analytes were selected for quantification based on the criteria available from the Herbal Chemical Marker Ranking System, which takes into account the bioavailability, reported bioactivity, and physiological action related to its intended use, as well as commercial availability of the standard. After optimizing the columns and chromatographic conditions, 13 of the 14 analytes were able to be determined in one run, with the remaining analyte analyzed on its own. The method was successfully applied to two different extracts of the formulation, demonstrating an application for the QC of a complex herbal mixture with respect to their chemical characteristics.
Sarcomatoid Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Analysis of 28 Cases With Emphasis on Clinicopathologic Features and Markers of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Sanfrancesco Joseph , McKenney Jesse K. , Leivo Mariah Z. , Gupta Sounak , Elson Paul , Hansel Donna E. 
Published: March 2016

Context.—Sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma (UCa) is a rare but aggressive variant of bladder cancer that can show diagnostic challenges even using ancillary techniques.Objective.—To examine immunohistochemical markers in the context of sarcomatoid UCa, including those associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.Design.—Twenty-eight cases of sarcomatoid UCa were rereviewed. Clinical outcomes were obtained through database search. Immunohistochemistry for clinical and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers was performed.Results.—All patients had biopsy-proven invasive UCa; 61% (17 of 28) had sarcomatoid UCa at initial diagnosis. A recognizable epithelial component(s) was present in 17 lesions. The sarcomatoid component accounted for 65% of the lesion (average), with heterologous elements present in 3 of 28 cases (11%). The morphologic spectrum of the sarcomatoid element included spindled not otherwise specified, myxoid, pseudoangiosarcomatous, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma–like undifferentiated features. The sarcomatoid component was immunoreactive for pancytokeratin (22 of 26; 85%), p63 (20 of 26; 77%), cytokeratin 903 (17 of 26; 65%), cytokeratin 7 (16 of 26; 62%), GATA3 (16 of 26; 62%), and cytokeratin 5/6 (16 of 26; 62%). STAT-6, CD31, CD34, and HMB45 were all nonreactive, whereas smooth muscle actin often showed at least focal immunoreactivity (22 of 26; 85%). Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers were frequently expressed, including vimentin (26 of 26; 100%), FoxC2 (26 of 26; 100%), SNAIL (23 of 26; 88.5%), and ZEB1 (18 of 26; 69.2%). Follow-up was available for 24 patients (median, 7 months). Sixteen of 28 patients (57%) died of disease (overall mean survival, 9.1 months). The presence of myxoid or chordoid features was associated with reduced survival (P &lt; .05).Conclusions.—Sarcomatoid UCa is an aggressive form of UCa that frequently expresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, suggesting a possible mechanism associated with aggressive tumor behavior.
Chondroitin Sulfate Immobilized on a Biomimetic Scaffold Modulates Inflammation While Driving Chondrogenesis
Authors: Corradetti Bruna , Taraballi Francesca , Minardi Silvia , Van Eps Jeffrey , Cabrera Fernando , Francis Lewis W. , Gazze Salvatore A. , Ferrari Mauro , Weiner Bradley K. , Tasciotti Ennio 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCosts associated with degenerative inflammatory conditions of articular cartilage are exponentially increasing in the aging population, and evidence shows a strong clinical need for innovative therapies. Stem cell-based therapies represent a promising strategy for the treatment of innumerable diseases. Their regenerative potential is undeniable, and it has been widely exploited in many tissue-engineering approaches, especially for bone and cartilage repair. Their immune-modulatory capacities in particular make stem cell-based therapeutics an attractive option for treating inflammatory diseases. However, because of their great plasticity, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are susceptible to different external factors. Biomaterials capable of concurrently providing physical support to cells while acting as synthetic extracellular matrix have been established as a valuable strategy in cartilage repair. Here we propose a chondroitin sulfate-based biomimetic scaffold that recapitulates the physicochemical features of the chondrogenic niche and retains MSC immunosuppressive potential in vitro, either in response to a proinflammatory cytokine or in the presence of stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In both cases, a significant increase in the production of molecules associated with immunosuppression (nitric oxide and prostaglandins), as well as in the expression of their inducible enzymes (iNos, Pges, Cox-2, and Tgf-β). When implanted subcutaneously in rats, our scaffold revealed a reduced infiltration of leukocytes at 24 hours, which correlated with a greater upregulation of genes involved in inflammatory cell apoptotic processes. In support of its effective use in tissue-engineering applications of cartilage repair, the potential of the proposed platform to drive chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSC was also proven.SignificanceRecently, increasing clinical evidence has highlighted the important role of proinflammatory mediators and infiltrating inflammatory cell populations inducing chronic inflammation and diseases in damaged cartilage. This work should be of broad interest because it proposes an implantable biomimetic material, which holds the promise for a variety of medical conditions that necessitate the functional restoration of damaged cartilage tissue (such as trauma, diseases, deformities, or cancer).
Genetic Correction of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From a Deaf Patient With MYO7A Mutation Results in Morphologic and Functional Recovery of the Derived Hair Cell-Like Cells
Authors: Tang Zi-Hua , Chen Jia-Rong , Zheng Jing , Shi Hao-Song , Ding Jie , Qian Xiao-Dan , Zhang Cui , Chen Jian-Ling , Wang Cui-Cui , Li Liang , Chen Jun-Zhen , Yin Shan-Kai , Huang Tao-Sheng , Chen Ping , Guan Min-Xin , Wang Jin-Fu 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

The genetic correction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) induced from somatic cells of patients with sensorineural hearing loss (caused by hereditary factors) is a promising method for its treatment. The correction of gene mutations in iPSCs could restore the normal function of cells and provide a rich source of cells for transplantation. In the present study, iPSCs were generated from a deaf patient with compound heterozygous MYO7A mutations (c.1184G&gt;A and c.4118C&gt;T; P-iPSCs), the asymptomatic father of the patient (MYO7A c.1184G&gt;A mutation; CF-iPSCs), and a normal donor (MYO7AWT/WT; C-iPSCs). One of MYO7A mutation sites (c.4118C&gt;T) in the P-iPSCs was corrected using CRISPR/Cas9. The corrected iPSCs (CP-iPSCs) retained cell pluripotency and normal karyotypes. Hair cell-like cells induced from CP-iPSCs showed restored organization of stereocilia-like protrusions; moreover, the electrophysiological function of these cells was similar to that of cells induced from C-iPSCs and CF-iPSCs. These results might facilitate the development of iPSC-based gene therapy for genetic disorders.

Significance
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from a deaf patient with compound heterozygous MYO7A mutations (c.1184G&gt;A and c.4118C&gt;T). One of the MYO7A mutation sites (c.4118C&gt;T) in the iPSCs was corrected using CRISPR/Cas9. The genetic correction of MYO7A mutation resulted in morphologic and functional recovery of hair cell-like cells derived from iPSCs. These findings confirm the hypothesis that MYO7A plays an important role in the assembly of stereocilia into stereociliary bundles. Thus, the present study might provide further insight into the pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss and facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies against monogenic disease through the genetic repair of patient-specific iPSCs.