bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La adicción a la nicotina: vulnerabilidad, epigénesis y modelos animales de estudio
Authors: Pastor Verónica , Vázquez Pablo , Corapi Enrique , Bernabeu Ramon Oscar 
Published: October 2024

Este artículo es un resumen de las investigaciones actuales sobre los efectos de la nicotina en el sistema nervioso y su relación con la generación de una conducta adictiva. Al igual que otros psicoestimulantes, la nicotina activa la vía de la recompensa, la que también está involucrada en ciertas enfermedades psiquiátricas. Existen individuos que presentan una alta vulnerabilidad a volverse adictos a la nicotina. Esto puede deberse a factores tanto genéticos como epigenéticos y/o al entorno. En este trabajo se describen algunos factores epigenéticos implicados en estos fenómenos. Para este tipo de estudios, existen dos modelos comportamentales en animales: la autoadministración y el condicionamiento al lugar (CPP). Aquí, el CPP se explica en detalle por su potencial aplicación en humanos. Además, se describe la determinación comportamental de la actividad locomotora (lo cual indica el efecto causado por un psicoestimulante) como modelo para estudiar la vulnerabilidad individual a las drogas. Palabras claves:Adicción a la Nicotina; Condicionamiento Clásico; Epigénesis; Vulnerabilidad. Nicotine addiction: studies about vulnerability, epigenesis and animal models: This article is a summary about the current research of nicotine effects on the nervous system and its relationship to the generation of an addictive behavior. Like other drugs of abuse, nicotine activates the reward pathway, which in turn is involved in certain psychiatric diseases. There are individuals who have a high vulnerability to nicotine addiction. This may be due to genetic and epigenetic factors and/or the environment. In this review, we described some epigenetic factors that may be involved in those phenomena. The two animal models most widely used for studying the reinforcing effects of nicotine are: self-administration and conditioning place preference (CPP). Here, we emphasized the CPP, due to its potential application in humans. In addition, we described the locomotor activity model (as a measure of psychostimulant effects) to study vulnerability to drugs of abuse. Key Words: Nicotine Addiction; Classical Conditioning; Epigenesis; Vulnerability.
Reconocimiento de objetos por color en ratones mus musculus cepa C57BL/6J
Authors: Magani Fiorella , Damianich Ana , Duaip Germán , Rojo Daniela , Pimentel Jerónimo , Trigila Anabella , Federman Noel 
Published: October 2024

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of the mice Mus musculus C57BL/6J strain to form and evoke a visual recognition memory of objects that differ only by their color. In order to do this, we use the paradigm of novel objet recognition (NOR), which takes advantage of the innate tendency of mice to explore a novel object longer than a familiar one. The present study is the first to show preliminary results on the ability to form long-term memories of visual recognition by color in this mouse strain. In addition, this work suggests this mouse strain as a model to be used in further research on the study of the formation of recognition memory based on color.
Estudio del estilo cognitivo de estudiantes de dos carreras: Psicología e Ingeniería.
Authors: Díaz Yacusa Mauricio , Cuevasanta Galati Diego , Grau Pérez Lasala Gonzalo , Curione Bulla Karina 
Published: October 2024

The present study relates university students cognitive styles with their university profile. A total of 311 students either beginning or ending their career at the faculties of Engineering and Psychology from Universidad de la República (Uruguay) participated. The Embedded Figures Test (EFT) was collectively applied to them, thus identifying their degree of field dependence and field independence. Results show significant differences between Engineering and Psychology students towards their cognitive styles. In Engineering students the independence field cognitive style prevails, and this increases in those students who are finishing their career. In Psychology students there are no significant differences in their cognitive styles regarding those who are either beginning or ending their career, and field dependence prevails in all of them.
Ansiedad ante los exámenes, procrastinación y síntomas mentales en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
Authors: Furlan Luis Alberto , Ferrero María José , Gallart Gabriela 
Published: October 2024

Test anxiety (TA) and academic procrastination (AP), are motives of counsulting frequentlly asociated with another mental simpthoms. To estimate more accurately this commorbidity, 219 students of the National University of Cordoba, completed inventories of mental simpthoms, TA and AP. A multivariate analysis of variance with groups of 1) Highly TA and AP (n= 75), 2) highly TA and low AP (n= 40), 3) low TA and highly AP (n= 38) and 4) low TA and AP (n= 66) showed diffrerences between the three simpthomatic scales (negativeness - low self seteem; tension, irritability – indecision and suspicacy – alucination) between the four groups. Group 1 obteined higher scores to the other groups in the scales. Non significative diffrerences were found between groups 2 and 3. Group 4 showed lower scores to group 2 and 3 but the diffrenecies were of little significance. Implicances to diagnosis and treatment of both conditions are discussed.
Targeting the mind and body: recommendations for future research to improve children’s executive functions
Authors: Best John R. 
Published: October 2024

Children’s executive functions (EFs)--the cognitive processing underlying controlled, goal-oriented cognition and behavior--have been shown to be important predictors of future physical, mental, and social wellbeing. Thus, developmental researchers are keen to uncover effective methods to improve children’s EFs. While much of the focus in the past decade has been on direct cognitive and behavioral interventions to improve children’s EFs, another line of research--typically undertaken in medical schools and in departments of kinesiology--has examined physical health interventions as a way to indirectly improve children’s EFs. This commentary suggests that there is promising evidence that physical activity-based interventions to increase children’s fitness also enhance children’s EFs. There is ample need for additional studies to firmly establish this effect, and to determine the degree to which intervention effects transfer from laboratory EF assessments to ‘real-world’ functioning. Finally, there is intriguing evidence from animal models that interventions that combine physical and cognitive training have robust positive impacts on brain health. To translate these findings to humans, there is a need for collaborations between developmental psychologists and physical health experts in order to design interventions that simultaneously target children’s physical and cognitive health.
Uso de celular e Internet: su relación con planificación y control de la interferencia
Authors: Cabañas Mariela , Korzeniowski Celina 
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to identify the frequency of cell phone and Internet use by Argentine teenagers, and to analyze its relationship with their executive planning and interference control functions. The sample consisted of 90 adolescents, age 13 to 15 (X = 14 years, SD = 0.821), 53% of whom were female. The Internet Dependence, Mobile Phone Dependence, Porteus Maze and Stroop Tests were administered. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association between adolescents’ interference control capacity and their frequency of Internet use (r =.24, p < 0.05). Excessive use of information and communication technologies and their potential impact on self-regulatory processes are discussed.
Desarrollo de la Capacidad de Memoria de Trabajo: Efectos de Interferencia Inter e Intra Dominio en Niños de Edad Escolar
Authors: Canet-Juric Lorena , Introzzi Isabel , Burin Débora 
Published: October 2024

Working memory (WM) refers to the cognitive system that deals with temporary storage and concurrent stimuli processing. It has been proposed that the ability to inhibit irrelevant information underlies the observed changes in WM during childhood. Since the inhibitory ability in the dual-task paradigm changes depending on the similarity of modality in the primary and secondary tasks, the aim of this study was to replicate and extend previously observed intra and intermodal interference effects in late childhood. A battery based on the dual paradigm consisting of primary and secondary verbal and visuospatial tasks was administrated to children aged between nine and 11 years old. Results showed lower overall performance in visuospatial memory, and in memory without concurrent task. Although there were significant age effects in memory, showing developmental changes in working memory, intermodal concurrent tasks did not show differences as a function of age. These findings call into question the role of inhibitory control in the development of working memory in this age bracket.
Relación entre la empatía y los cinco grandes factores de personalidad en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Iacovella Jorge Daniel , Díaz-Lázaro Carlos Miguel , Richard´s María Marta 
Published: October 2024

Empathy has been associated with many psychological variables such as prosocial behavior, aggression, and intergroup relations. In our study the relationship between empathy and the big five personality model was evaluated. The general hypothesis in our study is that empathy is positively associated with agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness; while negatively associated with extraversion and not associated with neuroticism. The sample consisted of 117 male and female university students between 21 and 60 years old, assessed with regionally validated measures. Bivariate correlations and a hierarchical multiple regression were used to test the hypotheses. The effects of gender were controlled in the first step of the regression analysis. Consistent with the hypotheses, agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness were positively correlated with empathy. In the multiple regression analysis, agreeableness, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and extraversion also made statistically significant contributions in the prediction of empathy.
Validez y confiabilidad de la prueba Running Memory Span
Authors: Barreyro Juan Pablo , Injoque-Ricle Irene , Formoso Jesica , Burin Debora Inés 
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Running Memory Span Task. This task is a standard measure to assess working memory. The task was administered in a single session to 106 undergraduate students, along with other working memory tests: the reading span task, the digit span task and the no-words span task. The Running Memory Span Task showed a good reliability index (Cronbach’s alpha = .78, Kuder Richardson = .79). It presents positive and significant correlations with the rest of the verbal working memory tasks, and the confirmatory factor analysis showed that de Running Memory Span Task assess an executive component of verbal working memory. These indicate that this task can be considered an appropriate, valid and reliable measure of the executive function of verbal working memory, associated with an inhibition processes.
Recepción de la Psicología Positiva en la Argentina: un estudio socio-bibliométrico de artículos de revistas científicas
Authors: Mariñelarena-Dondena Luciana 
Published: October 2024

This historiographic research analyzes the reception of Positive Psychology in Argentina during 1998-2012. For this purpose, a bibliometric study of six scientific journals was carried out assessing all the publications that belong to the movement of Positive Psychology. From the methodological point of view, this paper is a historiographic study that can be considered an ex post facto research according to Montero and León classification (2007). The results of this bibliometric study show that in terms of the history of ideas, Argentina had the influence of the main stream in Positive Psychology driven by Martin Seligman. However, the reception and development of this movement in our country was clearly shaped and energized by the pioneering work of María Martina Casullo.
Hacia la elaboración de criterios para la estimulación de la flexibilidad cognitiva mediante juegos digitales: aportes fundados en un estudio empírico
Authors: Cervigni Mauricio , Bruno Franco , Alfonso Guillermo 
Published: October 2024

Stimulation of executive functions (EF) using digital games is a practice that has experienced significant growth in different areas. In view of the objective pursued, it is necessary to have clear criteria for selecting the software to use. This article focuses on a correlational study between different FE transversely evaluated in a pediatric population (N = 40) of the second degree of elementary education in the city of Rosario (Argentina). It intends to organize the data obtained with current theoretical models looking selection criteria applicable to the stimulation of cognitive flexibility videogames. Significant, altought moderate, correlations were found between this function and attention, memory and inhibitory control; links that underlie the lines suggested in the discussion.
Estimulación de procesos cognitivos en niños de 4 años: comparaciones entre formatos individual y grupal de intervención
Authors: Segretin María Soledad , Hermida María Julia , Prats Lucía María , Fracchia Carolina Soledad , Colombo Jorge Augusto , Lipina Sebastián Javier 
Published: October 2024

The present study examines the effects of two cognitive training modalities (implemented in the year 2005) on cognitive performance in a set of tasks demanding attention, working memory, flexibility and planning processes. Four-year-old children were trained during four months, and two modalities of cognitive training were implemented: Individual-modality (n = 49) -designed based on a previous intervention program; Group-modality (n = 143) -designed to reduce adults/children ratio and to reduce the gap between laboratory training experiences and school contexts. Results suggest that: (a) both modalities of training promoted gains in the cognitive tasks performance; (b) there were differences according to the cognitive process: for attention, children in the group-modality had lower increments, while for memory and planning children in the same group had higher increments after training.
La autobiografía como aprendizaje esperado y comportamiento lingüístico en niños rurales mexicanos
Authors: Bazán-Ramírez Aldo , Ferrari-Belmont Aldo M. , Castro-Melo Greys , Delgado-Sánchez Ulises , Hernández-Rodríguez César 
Published: October 2024

130 autobiographies from sixth grade children from public countryside schools of the state of Morelos, México, were analyzed (66 male students and 64 female students). Taking as a reference the expected learning “Write an autobiography” which is part of “Text production” competence, from the official curriculum. The autobiographies were analyzed in two levels, as academic achievement (formal level) and as a psychological interaction (functional level). Within the first level, it was observed that only the 23.8% achieved all the curricular standards established. In the functional level of analysis, it was found that the children tend to refer more frequently to events from their scholar activities than from their family life. Furthermore, it was found that the curricular standards of the autobiography and the diversity of events referred by the children do not correlate, which suggests that the official curricular standards must be reviewed with the purpose to include a functional dimension in teaching autobiographical writing competence.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of American News Reports on the Opening Ceremony of Beijing Winter Olympics
Authors: Xinmiao  
Published: October 2024

The opening ceremony of Beijing Winter Olympic Games in 2022 has been extensively covered in international news reports. Although these news reports seem impartial and objective, they carry underlying ideologies that can influence public opinions and judgments. This paper examined the discursive representation of China in American news reports on the opening ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympics using Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis model as the theoretical basis. News stories from American media were collected and analysed in terms of headline, collocation, and quotation pattern. The research found that American news reports present mixed and multifaceted views toward the host country. They showed appreciation for the host country’s success in delivering a spectacular opening ceremony, but they tended to frame China negatively, portraying it as an intimidating power and a geopolitical threat. This study can improve our understanding of the discursive practice of news reports and enhance critical awareness in interpreting news texts.
KNOWLEDGE & ATTITUDE OF GENERAL DENTIST, REGARDING PERIODONTAL DISEASE DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT PROTOCOL AND PERIODONTAL SPECIALIST REFERRAL
Authors: Iqbal Mahirah , Ashfaq Hussam Muhammad , Jadoon Muhammad Ifham Khan , Muhammad  Jamil  , Khan Azeem , Hamid Abira 
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of general dentists regarding periodontal disease diagnosis, treatment strategies, and referrals to specialists.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 185 dentists in Peshawar, utilizing a pre-customized, closed-ended questionnaire through convenience sampling technique. The survey included practitioners from dental government and private teaching hospitals as well as independent clinics, encompassing both genders and any age. Informed consent was incorporated into the questionnaire. Exclusion criteria were undergraduate students, house surgeons, and periodontists. Data were collected using the questionnaire based on participants' understanding of periodontal diseases, diagnostic frequency, referral practices, and treatment approaches.Results: Most dentists favored scaling as the primary treatment for bleeding on probing (n=149, 80.54%) and identifi ed loss of attachment as the cause of tooth mobility (n=158, 85.41%). The study revealed a significant association between years of experience and various aspects of periodontal care, including referral practices (p=0.047), diagnostic accuracy (p=0.018), and treatment strategies (p=0.05). Despite a recognized link between poor oral hygiene and periodontal diseases, the referral rate to periodontists was notably low (10.27%).
Conclusion: General dentists exhibit defi ciencies in knowledge concerning the causes, referral processes, and the importance of specialized care in periodontology.
Materiais auxéticos no design – aplicações e possibilidades
Authors: Sobreira Maria Adircila Starling , Ayres Eliane , Pagnan Caroline Salvan 
Published: October 2024

Materiais auxéticos são aqueles que possuem coeficiente de Poisson negativo, ou seja, se expandem quando tracionados, diferentemente dos materiais convencionais. Possuem características mecânicas superiores aos convencionais, tais como resistência ao impacto e fratura, cisalhamento e indentação, além de serem atenuadores de vibrações e ruídos. Tais características são devidas a sua estrutura complexa. Nesse sentido, o artigo tem como objetivo explorar as propriedades físicas desses materiais, bem como suas aplicações atuais e potenciais no design de produtos com o intuito de aprimorar seu desempenho e funcionalidade. A partir de revisão bibliográfica é discutido as principais propriedades mecânicas, tipos de materiais auxéticos e aplicações destes materiais no design, nas áreas de moda, aeroespacial, biomédica, proteção e mobiliário. São discutidas possibilidades de aplicação futuras, bem como os principais entraves para a sua implementação em larga escala. Conclui-se que o uso de materiais auxéticos no design contribui para maior funcionalidade e versatilidade dos produtos, mas faz-se necessário mais pesquisas para superar os entraves técnicos, promovendo um maior aproveitamento do seu potencial no mercado.
O produto educacional dos programas de pós-graduação profissionais: Proposição a partir do eixo conceitual, pedagógico e comunicacional
Authors: Queiroz Luiz Felipe Santos , Raymundo Gislene Miotto Catolino 
Published: October 2024

Neste artigo tivemos por objetivo apresentar as etapas que vivenciamos como pesquisadores para compreender a dimensão teórica e prática para a elaboração, aplicação e avaliação de um produto educacional no contexto de Programa de mestrado, na modalidade profissional. Para a definição do produto educacional, seguimos as orientações contidas no Documento de Área de Ensino da CAPES (2019). Dessa forma, consideramos que a tipologia oficina atenderia de forma peculiar as necessidades e características do nosso público-alvo. Dessa forma, idealizamos um produto educacional que proporcionasse conhecimentos aos estudantes do 3º ano do Curso Técnico em Informática Integrado ao Ensino Médio, do Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Blumenau, sobre as possibilidades existentes para a continuidade do processo formativo ao término do ensino médio integrado. Quanto ao procedimento metodológico o presente estudo apresenta o relato de experiência de uma pesquisa descritiva, documental e bibliográfica com abordagem qualitativa. Acreditamos que os resultados, por meio da aplicação de um produto educacional, além de proporcionar que os estudantes conheçam as possibilidades formativas que têm disponíveis, também poderá contribuir para que outras instituições que ofertam ensino médio, possam utilizar esse produto e informar aos estudantes as possibilidades formativas existentes após a conclusão do ensino médio. Dessa forma, temos a possibilidade efetiva de ampliar o acesso dos estudantes a conhecimentos que dão suporte para darem continuidade ao seu processo formativo. Isso representa ações significativas na vida de muitos estudantes que buscam uma instituição de EPT para ampliarem suas oportunidades de inserção no mundo do trabalho.