bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptomatische Hyperkalzämie und hyperkalzämische Krise
Authors: Weismann Dirk 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungBiochemisch wird die Hyperkalzämie häufig in mild (< 3 mmol/L), moderat (3–5 mmol/L) oder schwer (> 3,5 mmol/L) eingeteilt. Eine milde Hyperkalzämie ist in der Regel asymptomatisch. Auch eine schwere Hyperkalzämie kann oligo- oder asymptomatisch sein, wenn sie sich langsam entwickelt hat. Eine symptomatische Hyperkalzämie ist daher in der Regel mindestens biochemisch moderat. Eine ausgeprägte akute Symptomatik geht mit Übelkeit, Erbrechen, Exsikkose und einer entsprechenden Vigilanzstörung einher. Bei chronischen Verlaufsformen spielen Müdigkeit, Nephrolithiasis und gastrointestinale Beschwerden eine größere Rolle.Mit > 90 % der Fälle liegt einer Hyperkalzämie ein primärer Hyperparathyreoidismus (pHPT) oder eine maligne Hyperkalzämie („humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy“, HHM) zugrunde. Ein erhöhtes Parathormon (PTH) und eine Hyperkalziurie sind diagnostisch für einen pHPT. Im Falle einer HHM ist das Tumorleiden sehr häufig entweder bekannt oder offensichtlich. Ist dann das PTH supprimiert, erübrigt sich meist eine weitere Abklärung. Die calcitriolabhängigen Hyperkalzämien sind dagegen bereits selten. Therapeutisch kommt dem Volumenausgleich im Falle einer kalziuminduzierten Exsikkose eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Die Inhibition der Knochenresorption durch Bisphosphonate oder Denosumab stellen dann die wichtigste pharmakologische Intervention dar. In aller Regel kann hierdurch das Kalzium innerhalb von 2–4 Tagen normalisiert oder zumindest ausreichend gut gesenkt werden. In aller Regel lassen sich auch intensivpflichtige Patienten mit diesen Maßnahmen gut stabilisieren und eine Therapieeskalation ist nicht erforderlich.
The genotypic antibiogram: using gram-negative antimicrobial resistance genes identified via rapid blood culture identification tests to optimize treatment of Enterobacterales bloodstream infections
Authors: Sunagawa Shawnalyn W. , Tigh Jeremy , Chan Yolande A. , Okada Ashlyn , Bergman Scott J. , Van Schooneveld Trevor C. , Fey Paul D. , Ryder Jonathan H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The negative predictive value of blaCTX-M on BCID2 for ceftriaxone resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae group was 97% and 94%, respectively. Creation of a genotypic antibiogram led to updated local guidance for clinicians to utilize for empiric treatment of Enterobacterales bloodstream infections identified via rapid diagnostics.
Assessments of working group effectiveness in the planning of the New Jersey Kids Study: An applied mixed-methods study on the science of team science
Authors: Gigliotti Ralph A. , Weidner Melissa , Jansen Michelle , Greenberg Patricia , Bachmann Gloria , Dominguez-Bello Maria Gloria , Parmar Veenat , Panettieri Reynold A. , Reilly Nancy , Ayers Charletta A. , Cohen Barrie , Denzin Lisa K. , Feldman Cecile A. , Fiedler Nancy , Jimenez Manuel E. , Laumbach Robert J. , Malin Steven K. , Mazzaferro Natale , Pai Shilpa , Rosen Todd , Rossman-Murphy Lisa , Salvatore Jessica E. , Schmitz Kristine H. , Shapses Sue A. , Shiau Stephanie , Zarbl Helmut , Reichman Nancy E. , Barrett Emily S. , Blaser Martin J. , Horton Daniel B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The New Jersey Kids Study (NJKS) is a transdisciplinary statewide initiative to understand influences on child health, development, and disease. We conducted a mixed-methods study of project planning teams to investigate team effectiveness and relationships between team dynamics and quality of deliverables.

Methods:
Ten theme-based working groups (WGs) (e.g., Neurodevelopment, Nutrition) informed protocol development and submitted final reports. WG members (n = 79, 75%) completed questionnaires including de-identified demographic and professional information and a modified TeamSTEPPS Team Assessment Questionnaire (TAQ). Reviewers independently evaluated final reports using a standardized tool. We analyzed questionnaire results and final report assessments using linear regression and performed constant comparative qualitative analysis to identify central themes.

Results:
WG-level factors associated with greater team effectiveness included proportion of full professors (β = 31.24, 95% CI 27.65–34.82), team size (β = 0.81, 95% CI 0.70–0.92), and percent dedicated research effort (β = 0.11, 95% CI 0.09–0.13); age distribution (β = −2.67, 95% CI –3.00 to –2.38) and diversity of school affiliations (β = –33.32, 95% CI –36.84 to –29.80) were inversely associated with team effectiveness. No factors were associated with final report assessments. Perceptions of overall initiative leadership were associated with expressed enthusiasm for future NJKS participation. Qualitative analyses of final reports yielded four themes related to team science practices: organization and process, collaboration, task delegation, and decision-making patterns.

Conclusions:
We identified several correlates of team effectiveness in a team science initiative's early planning phase. Extra effort may be needed to bridge differences in team members' backgrounds to enhance the effectiveness of diverse teams. This work also highlights leadership as an important component in future investigator engagement.
Risk of invasive MDRO infection in MDRO-colonized patients
Authors: Alshubaily Ali M. , Alosaimi Aeshah S. , Alhothli Bushra I. , Althawadi Sahar I. , Alghamdi Salem M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective:In this study, we aim to estimate the risk of developing clinical multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in colonized patients compared with non-colonized admitted to high-risk areas with a main focus on CRE colonization/infection.Design and setting:Retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary care facility.Methods:This study included patients enrolled in active surveillance testing (AST) for CRE, MRSA, or VRE during the year 2021. Development of relevant invasive infection within 365 days of the AST result was collected as the primary outcome. The association between MDRO colonization and infection was calculated using the risk ratio. The prevalence of CRE organisms and carbapenemase genes is presented.Results:A total of 19,134 ASTs were included in the analysis (4,919 CRE AST, 8,303 MRSA AST, and 5,912 VRE AST). Patient demographics were similar between colonized and non-colonized groups. Colonization was associated with an increased risk of infection in the 3 cohorts (CRE, MRSA, and VRE), with risk ratios reported as 4.6, 8.2, and 22, respectively. Most patients (88%) develop CRE infection with the same colonizing carbapenemase gene. Oxa-48/NDM Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common organism detected in CRE infection.Conclusions:The study demonstrated that colonization with CRE, MRSA, or VRE is a risk factor for developing infections caused by the respective bacteria. The high percentage of match between carbapenemase genes detected in colonization and infection indicates that screening results might be used to inform infection management and treatment.
A singularly perturbed ruin problem for a two-dimensional Brownian motion in the positive quadrant
Authors: Grandits Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe consider the following problem: the drift of the wealth process of two companies, modelled by a two-dimensional Brownian motion, is controllable such that the total drift adds up to a constant. The aim is to maximize the probability that both companies survive. We assume that the volatility of one company is small with respect to the other, and use methods from singular perturbation theory to construct a formal approximation of the value function. Moreover, we validate this formal result by explicitly constructing a strategy that provides a target functional, approximating the value function uniformly on the whole state space.
Substituting imported soybean meal with locally produced novel yeast protein in concentrates for Norwegian Red dairy cows: implications for rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition
Authors: Stork Eirin , Ekeberg Dag , Devle Hanne M. , Umu Özgün C. O. , Porcellato Davide , Olsen Martine A. , Vhile Stine G. , Kidane Alemayehu , Devold Tove , Skeie Siv B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research paper addresses the hypothesis that substituting soybean meal with locally produced yeast protein from Cyberlindnera jadinii in barley-based concentrates for Norwegian Red (NR) dairy cows does not have adverse effects on milk fatty acid (FA) composition, rumen microbiota and sensory quality of milk. As soybeans also represent valuable protein sources for human consumption, alternative protein sources need to be investigated for animal feed. A total of 48 NR dairy cows were allocated into three feeding treatments, with the same basal diet of grass silage, but different concentrates. The concentrates were all based on barley, but 7% of the barley in the barley-concentrate (BAR; negative control) was replaced by either soybean meal (SBM; conventional control) or yeast microbial protein (YEA). The experiment lasted for a total of 10 weeks, including 2 weeks of adaptation with the soybean meal concentrate. Analysis of the feed revealed some differences in the FA composition of the YEA concentrate compared to the SBM and BAR concentrates. In milk, only two FAs (C17:1n-8cis9 and an unidentified isomer of C18:3) were significantly different between the YEA- and SBM-group, while six FAs differed between the BAR- and SBM-group. However, the amount of these FAs was low compared to the entire FA profile (<0.7 g/100 g). The experimental diets did not affect rumen microbiota nor the milk sensory quality. This study shows that C. jadinii can replace soybean meal as a protein source in concentrates (7% inclusion) for NR dairy cows fed a diet composed of grass silage and concentrates without any effects on rumen microbiota, and without compromising the FA composition or sensory quality of milk.
Effects of fibrolytic and amylolytic compound enzyme preparation on rumen fermentation, serum parameters and production performance in primiparous early-lactation dairy cows
Authors: Liu Zhaokun , Li Wen , Zhao Congcong , Zhang Yuanjie , Li Yong , Wang Lamei , Li XiaoYong , Yao Junhu , Pellikaan Wilbert F. , Cao Yangchun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research communication reports the effects of a compound enzyme preparation consisting of fibrolytic (cellulase 3500 CU/g, xylanase 2000 XU/g, β-glucanase 17 500 GU/g) and amylolytic (amylase 37 000 AU/g) enzymes on nutrient intake, rumen fermentation, serum parameters and production performance in primiparous early-lactation (47 ± 2 d) dairy cows. Twenty Holstein–Friesian cows in similar body condition scores were randomly divided into control (CON, n = 10) and experimental (EXP, n = 10) groups in a completely randomized single-factor design. CON was fed a basal total mixed ration diet and EXP was dietary supplemented with compound enzyme preparation at 70 g/cow/d. The experiment lasted 4 weeks, with 3 weeks for adaptation and then 1 week for measurement. Enzyme supplementation significantly increased diet non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) content as well as dry matter intake (DMI) and NFC intake (P < 0.05). EXP had increased ruminal butyrate and isobutyrate percentages (P < 0.01) but decreased propionate and valerate percentages (P < 0.05), as well as increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity and albumin concentration (P ≤ 0.01). Additionally, EXP had increased milk yield (0.97 kg/d), 4% fat corrected milk yield and energy corrected milk yield, as well as milk fat and protein yield (P < 0.01). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with a fibrolytic and amylolytic compound enzyme preparation increased diet NFC content, DMI and NFC intake, affected rumen fermentation by increasing butyrate proportion at the expense of propionate, and enhanced milk performance in primiparous early-lactation dairy cows.
Dimensions of human–tiger conflict and solutions for coexistence in the forests of the Khata Corridor, Bardiya, Nepal
Authors: Sharma Basant , Hope Andrew G. , Neupane Dinesh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Khata Corridor forest, which serves as a border crossing for wildlife between Nepal and India, is one of the areas in Nepal with the highest incidence of human–wildlife conflict. In recent years both the tiger Panthera tigris tigris and human populations in this region have increased, leading to more frequent conflict. We aimed to determine whether increased conflict risk was primarily from tigers entering human settlements or whether there are additional drivers associated with human use of forested areas. We conducted the study in four settlements that varied in socio-economic status and distance from Bardiya National Park, through field visits and household surveys. Tiger records (sightings, pug marks and attacks) were most frequent far from Bardiya National Park, in settlements without benefits from tiger-based tourism and nearer the periphery of forest, and were rarely associated with the interior of settlements. Human visitation into forests was also highest in the most remote settlement. Our findings suggest that conflict risk is driven by the extent of human activity in forested areas, reflecting an unequal distribution of the conservation benefits of tourism amongst settlements. In the long-term, continued coexistence between people and tigers will depend on minimizing conflict risk across settlements through establishing an equitable distribution of conservation benefits. In the short term, we recommend raising public awareness of tiger behaviour to emphasize that tigers are highly unlikely to enter and occupy the interior of human settlements, mitigating negative perceptions of conflict risk.
Crisis management from a relational perspective: an analysis of interorganizational transboundary crisis networks
Authors: Bravo-Laguna Carlos 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough transboundary crises have gained relevance in an increasingly interdependent world, our understanding of the relational dynamics governing these phenomena remains limited. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by identifying common characteristics across interorganizational transboundary crisis networks and drivers of tie formation in successful structures. For this purpose, it applies descriptive Social Network Analysis and Exponential Random Graph Models to an original dataset of three networks. Results show that these structures combine elements of issue networks and policy communities. Common features include moderately high centralization, reciprocated ties, core-periphery structures, and the popularity of international organizations. Additionally, successful networks display smooth communication between NGOs and international organizations, whereas unsuccessful networks have fewer heterophilous interactions. Transitivity seems to play a role in network success too. These findings suggest that crisis networks are robust structures that reconcile bridging and bonding dynamics, thereby highlighting how evidence from relational studies could guide transboundary crisis management.
Prices, wages and living standards in Spain in the modern era
Authors: Zegarra Luis Felipe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study relies on a linear programming model to estimate welfare ratios in Spain between 1600 and 1800. This method is used to find the food basket that guaranteed the intake of basic nutrients at the lowest cost. The estimates show that working families in Toledo had higher welfare ratios than in those in Barcelona. In addition, the welfare ratios of Spain were always below those of London and Amsterdam. The divergence between Northern Europe and Spain started before the Industrial Revolution and increased over time.
Cooperative defense of a territorial-constrained target in a target-attacker-defender game
Authors: Dong Gangqi , Xing Yahong , Mi Qianbao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMulti-player pursuit-evasion games are crucial for addressing the maneuver decision problem arising in the cooperative control of multi-agent systems. This paper presents a cooperative defense strategy involving cooperation and confrontation among the target, attacker, and multiple defenders based on location information only. The primary objective of the attacker is to capture the target while avoiding being captured by multiple defenders. Meanwhile, the target is confined to a restricted area and can only move within its boundaries. The proposed cooperative defense strategy aims to prevent the attacker from capturing the target while minimizing the time required to neutralize the threat. Therefore, the multiple defenders are classified into two categories: the primary defender and the auxiliary defenders. The primary defender is to prevent the attacker from approaching the target by predicting the intention of the attacker. On the other hand, the auxiliary defenders adopt a surround-shrink-capture strategy to reduce the time consumption to capture the attacker. Numerical simulations have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Size sound symbolism in mothers’ speech to their infants
Authors: Laing Catherine , Khattab Ghada , Sloggett Shayne , Keren-Portnoy Tamar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Six-month-olds infer object size based on pitch: they map high-pitched vowels onto smaller objects and low-pitched vowels onto larger objects (Peña et al., 2011). The ‘sound symbolism bootstrapping hypothesis’ (Imai & Kita, 2014) proposes that this may support understanding of word-meaning correspondences; by drawing on iconic pairings between linguistic cues and corresponding referents (e.g., higher pitch for smaller objects), infants develop understanding of word-referent associations. Here we analyse mother-child interactions, testing whether sound-symbolic pitch-size correspondences occur in infant-directed speech. 40 dyads engaged in (semi-)naturalistic interaction around picture books containing images of toys of varying sizes. We compare mothers’ pitch when referring to small versus large toys, analysing i) actual size (bigger vs. smaller toys); ii) relative toy size congruence (i.e., congruent vs. incongruent with real-world expectation); and iii) transparency of the test paradigm as regards its focus on size contrastiveness (non-transparent, moderately transparent, highly transparent) to observe the nuances of size sound symbolism in infant-directed speech.
Exclusive breastfeeding mitigates the association between prenatal maternal pandemic-related stress and children sleep problems at 24 months of age
Authors: Mariani Wigley Isabella Lucia Chiara , Nazzari Sarah , Pastore Massimiliano , Grumi Serena , Provenzi Livio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Infant sleep quality is increasingly regarded as an important factor for children long-term functioning and adaptation. The early roots of sleep disturbances are still poorly understood and likely involve a complex interplay between prenatal and postnatal factors. This study investigated whether exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months moderated the association between maternal prenatal pandemic-related stress (PRS) and sleep problems in 24-months children born during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also explored the potential contribution of maternal postnatal anxiety in these relations. Seventy-eight infants (50% males) and their mothers provided complete data from birth to 24 months. Between 12 and 48 h from birth, maternal PRS during pregnancy was retrospectively reported as well as maternal anxiety and exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal anxiety and exclusive breastfeeding were also reported at 3 and 6 months after childbirth. Children sleep disturbances were reported at 24 months. Bayesian analyses revealed that maternal PRS was positively associated with sleep problems in children who were not exclusively breastfed from birth to 6 months. Findings add to the growing literature on the lasting impact of early pre- and postnatal experiences on child well-being and development.
Rare association of aortic atresia with balanced superior-inferior ventricles: case report of successful neonatal biventricular repair and review of the literature
Authors: Mather Puja Mehta , Vricella Luca , El-Zein Chawki , Borsheim Kirsten , Ross Eleanor , Ganigara Madhusudhan , Anderson Robert , Loomba Rohit S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAortic atresia is a rare finding and has not been previously described with superior-inferior ventricles. Presented here is a case of a heart with these concomitant findings and review of reported cases of aortic atresia in the absence of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The aim of this report is to help highlight associated findings and the clinical approach taken. Also highlighted is the importance of not mistaking aortic atresia for common arterial trunk.
Measuring Amazon Rainfall Intensity With Sound Recorders
Authors: Xavier R. S. , Gosset M. , Maciel T. F. , Bicudo T. , Nascimento L. A. do , Ramalho E. , Fleischmann A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGround weather observations are scarce in many parts of the globe, hampering effective climate monitoring and disaster management. In the Amazon basin, this occurs due to its remoteness and the challenging measurement of rainfall within the forest. Innovative rainfall estimation methods are thus requested to fill this gap. Here we present an approach to estimate rainfall based on sound measurements. We identified the best frequency range to estimate rainfall occurrence and intensity, trained classification and regression models with sound and rain gauge data collected in the Central Amazon during 9 months. By training a random forest classifier/regression model based on power spectrum values it was possible to identify and satisfactorily estimate hourly rainfall rates in two vegetation environments distinct from the training site, located 30 km from it. The proposed method is a promising approach for future weather monitoring in remote tropical areas.
Comment on “Anticyclonic Suppression of the North Pacific Transient Eddy Activity in Midwinter” by Okajima et al.
Authors: Chang Edmund K. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAtmospheric energetics is frequently used to diagnose how different atmospheric processes contribute to the development of transient storm track activity. Okajima et al. (2024), https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gl106932 developed an ad hoc method to separate the contributions of cyclones and anticyclones to the energetics using the value of the curvature of the instantaneous local wind. Here, using simple examples in which the physics is exactly known, it is shown that cyclones embedded within a constant zonal flow exhibit large regions with anticyclonic curvature despite the absence of any real anticyclones. Using the method of Okajima et al., a large fraction of the eddy kinetic energy is erroneously attributed to being associated with anticyclones. Furthermore, the fraction that is misattributed varies substantially with changes in the background wind speed. It is concluded that using the curvature to separate energetics contributions from cyclones and anticyclones is not likely to be physically meaningful.