bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haematoma scavenging in intracerebral haemorrhage: from mechanisms to the clinic
Authors: Wang Gaiqing , Wang Li , Sun Xin‐gang , Tang Jiping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe products of erythrocyte lyses, haemoglobin (Hb) and haem, are recognized as neurotoxins and the main contributors to delayed cerebral oedema and tissue damage after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Finding a means to efficiently promote absorption of the haemolytic products (Hb and haem) around the bleeding area in the brain through stimulating the function of the body's own garbage cleaning system is a novel clinical challenge and critical for functional recovery after ICH. In this review, available information of the brain injury mechanisms underlying ICH and endogenous haematoma scavenging system is provided. Meanwhile, potential intervention strategies are discussed. Intracerebral blood itself has ‘toxic’ effects beyond its volume effect after ICH. Haptoglobin–Hb–CD163 as well as haemopexin–haem–LRP1 is believed to be the most important endogenous scavenging pathway which participates in blood components resolution following ICH. PPARγ–Nrf2 activates the aforementioned clearance pathway and then accelerates haematoma clearance. Meanwhile, the scavenger receptors as novel targets for therapeutic interventions to treat ICH are also highlighted.
ALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism and coronary artery disease: a meta‐analysis including 5644 participants
Authors: Li Yan‐yan , Wang Hui , Wu Jing‐jing , Kim Hyun Jun , Yang Xin‐xing , Geng Hong‐yu , Gong Ge 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSeveral studies indicate the mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) gene G487A polymorphism may be correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility, but a clear consensus has yet to be reached. To elucidate the relationship between the ALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism and CAD within the Chinese population, a meta‐analysis of 5644 subjects from nine individual studies was performed. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were assessed using random or fixed‐effect models depending the heterogeneity existence or not. Our meta‐analysis found a significant association between ALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism and CAD in the Chinese population under allele (OR: 1.830, 95% CI: 1.560–2.140, P = 1.36 × 10−13), recessive (OR: 1.920, 95% CI: 1.530–2.390, P = 1.20 × 10−8), dominant (OR: 1.593, 95% CI: 1.336–1.900, P = 2.22 × 10−7), homozygous (OR: 2.280, 95% CI: 1.810–2.870, P = 3.17 × 10−12) and heterozygous genetic models (OR: 3.330, 95% CI: 2.070–5.370, P = 7.81 × 10−7). The positive correlation between the ALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism and CAD makes the mutation a strong candidate as a genetic risk marker for CAD. Through further analysis, we also found that A allele carriers of ALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism may be particularly susceptible to CAD.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of epidemiologic observational evidence on the effect of periodontitis on diabetes An update of the EFP‐AAP review
Authors: Graziani Filippo , Gennai Stefano , Solini Anna , Petrini Morena 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimTo update the available evidence on the impact of periodontitis on diabetes control, incidence and complications.MethodsObservational studies on the effect of periodontitis on diabetes, published after 2012, were identified through electronic databases and hand‐searched journals. Findings were summarized by evidence tables, using PRISMA statement. Quality of the included studies was evaluated through the Newcastle Ottawa scale.ResultsHealthy individuals with periodontitis exhibit a poor glycaemic control and a higher risk of developing diabetes. Individuals affected by diabetes show a deterioration of glycaemic control if also affected by periodontitis and significantly higher prevalence of diabetes‐related complications. Limited evidence is available on gestational diabetes and type 1 diabetes.ConclusionsPeriodontitis has a significant impact on diabetes control, incidence and complications. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity and quality of the included publications suggest that caution should be exercised when interpreting the data and that there remains an important need for additional evidence.
Childhood developmental vulnerabilities associated with early life exposure to infectious and noninfectious diseases and maternal mental illness
Authors: Green Melissa J. , Kariuki Maina , Dean Kimberlie , Laurens Kristin R. , Tzoumakis Stacy , Harris Felicity , Carr Vaughan J. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundFetal exposure to infectious and noninfectious diseases may influence early childhood developmental functioning, on the path to later mental illness. Here, we investigated the effects of in utero exposure to maternal infection and noninfectious diseases during pregnancy on offspring developmental vulnerabilities at age 5 years, in the context of estimated effects for early childhood exposures to infectious and noninfectious diseases and maternal mental illness.MethodsWe used population data for 66,045 children from an intergenerational record linkage study (the New South Wales Child Development Study), for whom a cross‐sectional assessment of five developmental competencies (physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and communication) was obtained at school entry, using the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC). Child and maternal exposures to infectious or noninfectious diseases were determined from the NSW Ministry of Health Admitted Patients Data Collection (APDC) and maternal mental illness exposure was derived from both APDC and Mental Health Ambulatory Data collections. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine unadjusted and adjusted associations between these physical and mental health exposures and child developmental vulnerabilities at age 5 years.ResultsAmong the physical disease exposures, maternal infectious diseases during pregnancy and early childhood infection conferred the largest associations with developmental vulnerabilities at age 5 years; maternal noninfectious illness during pregnancy also retained small but significant associations with developmental vulnerabilities even when adjusted for other physical and mental illness exposures and covariates known to be associated with early childhood development (e.g., child's sex, socioeconomic disadvantage, young maternal age, prenatal smoking). Among all exposures examined, maternal mental illness first diagnosed prior to childbirth conferred the greatest odds of developmental vulnerability at age 5 years.ConclusionsPrenatal exposure to infectious or noninfectious diseases appear to influence early childhood physical, social, emotional and cognitive developmental vulnerabilities that may represent intermediate phenotypes for subsequent mental disorders.
Eosinophilic esophagitis in Japan: Focus on response to acid suppressive therapy
Authors: Ishimura Norihisa , Kinoshita Yoshikazu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by esophageal dysfunction and dense eosinophilic infiltration of esophageal epithelium. According to clinical consensus and guidelines published in 2011, esophageal eosinophilia was classified into two entities based on response to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) administration: EoE and PPI‐responsive esophageal eosinophilia (PPI‐REE). We have performed a series of investigations to determine whether EoE is actually different from PPI‐REE. Consistent with Western reports, more than half of our examined patients with symptomatic esophageal eosinophilia suggestive of EoE achieved histological remission with single PPI therapy. Furthermore, our comparisons of clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings between patients with EoE and those with PPI‐REE revealed nearly no differences between them. We also compared gene expression profiles in mucosal biopsy specimens between those groups and found that microarray findings obtained from PPI‐REE patients substantially overlapped with those from EoE patients, suggesting that both represent the same condition or are variations of a single disease. In addition, we have noted that more than half of EoE patients who show resistance to a PPI therapy respond to vonoprazan, a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker that has been shown to provide more potent and sustained suppression of gastric acid secretion than PPIs. Our results indicate that PPI‐REE may constitute a subtype of EoE. Based on novel evidence including results obtained in our studies, the most recently updated guidelines have included responders to PPI therapy within the spectrum of EoE, abandoning the term PPI‐REE.
“We'll turn your water into Coca‐Cola”: The atomizing practices of oil palm plantation development in Indonesia
Authors: de Vos Rosanne , Köhne Michiel , Roth Dik 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article discusses land control strategies and practices for development of large‐scale oil palm plantations in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. In oil palm and “land grab” literature, much attention is paid to potential contributions of free, prior, and informed consent procedures. However, this article demonstrates how “atomizing” practices obstruct such procedures. Some practices stand out: During a preparatory phase of plantation development, companies remain in the background and leave actual land acquisition to local authorities and villagers, thus obscuring their agenda for plantation development. Second, rather than negotiating land transfer in public meetings, companies use a combination of promises, bribes, and threats to gain support or to enforce acceptance. Third, companies gain support by “wedging” themselves into communities, exacerbating disparities within communities. Analysis of this atomized process of plantation development is crucial for a critical understanding of oil palm conflicts.
Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation in grown‐up congenital heart disease patients: Insights from the Zurich experience
Authors: Oechslin Luca , Corti Roberto , Greutmann Matthias , Kretschmar Oliver , Gaemperli Oliver 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess indications, procedural success, complications, echocardiographic, and clinical outcomes of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) in adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD).BackgroundPPVI offers a non‐surgical treatment option for failing prosthetic conduits in pulmonary position. However, efficacy and clinical outcomes after PPVI are still underreported.MethodsFrom January 2008 to March 2016, 25 adult CHD patients with right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) stenosis and/or pulmonary regurgitation underwent PPVI in our institution. Clinical and echocardiographic data was collected at baseline, at 12 months of follow‐up and yearly afterwards.ResultsTetralogy of Fallot and repaired pulmonary atresia were among the most prevalent underlying congenital defects. Twenty‐one (84%) received a Medtronic Melody® and four (16%) patients an Edwards Sapien valve prosthesis. The PPVI procedure was successful in all 25 patients. Pre‐stenting was performed in all but two (8%) patients. PPVI reduced peak‐to‐peak pulmonary valve gradient from 43 (IQR 28‐60) mmHg to 16 (IQR 14‐22) mmHg (P < 0.001). Periprocedural complications occurred in two (8%) patients (tricuspid valve damage, pulmonary artery perforation). Over a median follow‐up of 43 (IQR 18‐58) months all patients were alive. Only two (8%) required re‐operation and two (8%) developed stent fractures (one of them had not undergone pre‐stenting). NYHA functional class improved significantly, with 20 (80%) patients in NYHA class I on follow‐up.ConclusionsPPVI with Medtronic Melody or Edwards Sapien valve conduits is safe and provides effective relief from right ventricular outflow tract obstruction or pulmonary regurgitation.
Molecular phylogeny, systematics, and revision of the type species of Lobomonas, L. francei (Volvocales, Chlorophyta) and closely related taxa
Authors: Sausen Nicole , Malavasi Veronica , Melkonian Michael 
Published: December 2017

In the present study, three new strains of the rare volvocalean green alga Lobomonas were isolated from field‐collected samples, one from Sardinia (Italy) and two from Argentina, and comparatively studied. The Sardinian and one of the Argentinian strains were identified as Lobomonas francei, the type species of the genus, whereas the second Argentinian strain corresponded to L. panduriformis. Two additional nominal species of Lobomonas from culture collections (L. rostrata and L. sphaerica) were included in the analysis and shown to be morphologically and molecularly identical to the L. francei strains. The presence, number, and shapes of cell wall lobes, the diagnostic criterion of Lobomonas, were shown to be highly variable depending on the chemical composition of the culture medium used. The analyses by SEM gave evidence that the cell wall lobes in Lobomonas originate at the junctions of adjacent cell wall plates by extrusion of gelatinous material. The four L. francei strains had identical nrRNA gene sequences and differed by only one or two substitutions in the ITS1 + ITS2 sequences. In the phylogenetic analyses, L. francei and L. panduriformis were sister taxa; however, another nominal Lobomonas species (L. monstruosa) did not belong to this genus. Lobomonas, together with taxa designated as Vitreochlamys, Tetraspora, and Paulschulzia, formed a monophyletic group that in the combined analyses was sister to the “Chlamydomonas/Volvox‐clade.” Based on these results, Lobomonas was revised, the diagnosis of the type species emended, a lectotype and an epitype designated, and several taxa synonymized with the type species.
School Context and Ethnic Minority Adolescent Religiosity: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Van der Bracht Koen , Vervaet Roselien , D'hondt Fanny , Stevens Peter , Van de Putte Bart , Van Houtte Mieke 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPrevious research has shown that ethnic school composition can have an impact on a number of outcomes for pupils. The influence ethnic school composition has on pupils’ religiosity, however, has not received much attention. Furthermore, the few previous studies that have examined this relationship have relied on cross‐sectional data, thus being unable to separate selection effects from causal effects. In this research note we use longitudinal data collected among pupils in the third (2011–2012) and sixth grade (2014–2015) of secondary schools in Flanders, the northern part of Belgium. We examine changes in religiosity among pupils using cross‐classified multilevel analyses. The results show that there is a positive impact of ethnic school composition on ethnic minority religiosity. This does not mean, however, that pupils become more religious in schools with a higher share of ethnic minority pupils. We rather see that a decline in religiosity among highly religious pupils is attenuated in schools with more ethnic minority pupils.
Red clypeal membrane color predicts immune function in a burying beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae)
Authors: Wormington J. D. , Luttbeg B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRed and orange coloration commonly signals individual quality, especially in non‐mammalian vertebrates. Because the molecules that create red pigments are involved in immune function, acting as antioxidants among other functions, red and orange body coloration can indicate parasite load and the host's ability to mount a strong immune response. Although body color and immunity are associated in fishes, birds and lizards, to our knowledge no studies have examined the role of red or orange color patches as an indicator of immune function in invertebrates. Burying beetles in the genus Nicrophorus often have clypeal membranes directly above their mandibles which scale hyperallometrically with body size and appear red or orange to the human eye. We investigate whether the hue (a chromatic measure) or brightness (an achromatic measure) of this membrane is associated with melanistic encapsulation response to a foreign body inserted into the abdomen. We find that clypeal membrane hue in the red–orange range and brightness are associated with immune response in Nicrophorus pustulatus beetles. Male clypeal membranes show greater hue variation between individuals; however, for both sexes, redder and darker membranes indicate a stronger encapsulation response. Body size was also correlated with the observed variation in immune response, with smaller individuals tending to encapsulate more strongly. Hue and brightness were also associated with body size, with larger individuals having clypeal membranes that were more orange and brighter, especially for males. This represents the first report of an association between hue and brightness of red integumentary color and induced immunity in an invertebrate animal. Investigation into relationships between color and immunity in a broader range of taxa will augment our understanding of relevant ecological factors leading to the evolution of color signals of immune function.
Basaltic volcanism on the angrite parent body: Comparison with 4 Vesta
Authors: Abernethy F. A. J. , Verchovsky A. B. , Franchi I. A. , Grady M. M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCarbon and nitrogen data from stepped combustion analysis of eight angrites, seven eucrites, and two diogenites, alongside literature data from a further nine eucrites and two diogenites, have been used to assess carbon and nitrogen incorporation and isotope fractionation processes on the angrite parent body (APB), for comparison with volatile behavior on the HED parent body (4 Vesta). A subset of the angrite data has been reported previously (Abernethy et al. ). Two separate families of volatile components were observed. They were (1) moderately volatile material (MVM), mostly combusting between ~500 and 750 °C and indistinguishable from terrestrial contamination and (2) refractory material (RM), mainly released above 750 °C and thought to be carbon (as ) and nitrogen (as N2 or ) dissolved within the silicate lattice, fitting with the slightly oxidized (~IW to IW+2) angrite fO2 conditions. Isotopic fractionation trends for carbon and nitrogen within the plutonic and basaltic (quenched) angrites suggest that the behavior of the two volatile elements is loosely coupled, but that the fractionation process differs between the two angrite subgroups. Comparison with results from eucrites and diogenites implies similarities between speciation of carbon and nitrogen on 4 Vesta and the APB, with the latter being more enriched in volatiles than the former.
Process evaluation improves delivery of a nutrition‐sensitive agriculture programme in Burkina Faso
Authors: Nielsen Jennifer N. , Olney Deanna K. , Ouedraogo Marcellin , Pedehombga Abdoulaye , Rouamba Hippolyte , Yago‐Wienne Fanny 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEvidence is emerging from rigorous evaluations about the effectiveness of nutrition‐sensitive agriculture programmes in improving nutritional outcomes. Additional evidence can elucidate how different programme components and pathways contribute and can be optimized for impact. The International Food Policy Research Institute, with Helen Keller International, designed a comprehensive framework to evaluate the delivery, utilization, and impact of Helen Keller International's enhanced homestead food production programme in Burkina Faso. After 18 months of implementation, a process evaluation was conducted to examine programme impact pathways, using key informant and semistructured interviews with implementing agents and beneficiaries, and with residents of control communities. Data were analyzed by International Food Policy Research Institute and reviewed with project managers and partners through multiple workshops to identify opportunities to strengthen implementation. Findings illuminated gaps between intended and actual delivery schemes, including input constraints, knowledge gaps among community agents in agriculture and young child nutrition practices, and lower than expected activity by community volunteers. In response, staff developed measures to overcome water constraints and expand vegetable and poultry production, retrained volunteers in certain techniques of food production and counselling for nutrition behaviour change, added small incentives to motivate volunteers, and shaped both immediate and long‐term changes to the programme model. Working closely with International Food Policy Research Institute on the evaluation activities also expanded the repertoire of research methods and skills of Helen Keller International staff. Process evaluation can strengthen programme delivery, utilization, and design. Collaboration between researchers and implementers can improve programme effectiveness, project staff capacity, and advance delivery science.
The influence of age and sex on the vocal repertoire of the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) and their responses to call playback
Authors: Umeed Rebecca , Niemeyer Attademo Fernanda Löffler , Bezerra Bruna 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLimited information is available regarding the acoustic communication of Antillean manatees, however, studies have shown that other manatee taxa produce vocalizations as a method of individual recognition and communication. Here, the acoustic signals of 15 Antillean manatees in captivity were recorded, aiming to (1) describe their acoustic repertoire, (2) investigate the influence of sex and age on vocalization, and (3) examine manatee responses to call playback. Six acoustic signals ranging in mean fundamental frequencies from 0.64 kHz to 5.23 kHz were identified: squeaks and screeches were common to adult males, adult females, and juveniles; trills were common to adult males and females; whines were specific to males; creaks were specific to females; and rubbing was specific to juveniles. The structure of squeak vocalizations was significantly different between age and sex classes and screech structure was significantly different between age classes. Squeaks and screeches produced by juveniles had higher frequencies of maximum energy when compared to those produced by adult males and females. A significant increase in the vocalization rate following vocalization playbacks was found for all three age/sex groups. Our results introduce the potential of using acoustic signals in identifying and noninvasively monitoring manatees in the wild in Brazil.