bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rueff, Allais, et le chômage d’équilibre
Authors: Prat Georges 
Published: January 2017

Le concept de chômage « permanent » proposé par Rueff [1925, 1931] représente une forme de chômage d’équilibre attribuable à une rigidité salariale à la baisse conduisant à un excès persistant du salaire réel par rapport à sa valeur correspondant à un équilibre concurrentiel. Eu égard à cet aspect connu des travaux de l’auteur sur le sujet, cet article montre que Rueff considérait aussi la possibilité d’un chômage « temporaire » dû à un niveau insuffisant de l’activité économique et d’un chômage « minimal » de type frictionnel prévalant dans le fonctionnement normal de toute économie. Sur la base d’une étude empirique, l’auteur soutenait que le chômage « permanent » constituait la cause majeure du chômage dans l’Angleterre des années 1920 ( « loi de Rueff » ). Nous présentons des tests économétriques simples sur les données utilisées par Rueff confirmant cette conclusion, tout en montrant que le relâchement de l’hypothèse d’une productivité du travail constante (admise par Rueff) permet d’améliorer la précision de la « loi de Rueff » . Dans le droit fil de ces résultats, nous montrons que l’analyse théorique d’Allais [1943] repose sur les trois types de chômage évoqués par Rueff, qualifiés désormais respectivement de « chronique » , « conjoncturel » et « technologique » . Bien plus tard, Allais [1980] a proposé une équation économétrique méconnue intégrant ces trois composantes du chômage et montré que cette dernière décrit l’évolution du chômage français au cours des années 1952-78. Nous montrons que cette équation peut aussi représenter les grands traits des évolutions du chômage anglais des années 1920 et du chômage français des années 1970-2008, mais aussi qu’elle présente un défaut de spécification. Enfin, sous certaines conditions restrictives, nous suggérons que les trois types de chômage distingués par Rueff et Allais peuvent être vus sous le prisme du taux de chômage d’équilibre déduit d’une version simple du modèle de concurrence imparfaite WS-PS (Layard-Nickel-Jackman [1991]), cet exercice indiquant des raisons plausibles au défaut de spécification constatés sur l’équation simple d’Allais, mettant ainsi en évidence les importants progrès scientifiques accomplis depuis.
(Se) correspondre en ligne
Authors: Bergström Marie 
Published: January 2017

Résumé Apparus en France au tournant du XXI e siècle, les sites de rencontres sur internet sont aujourd'hui largement fréquentés. Ils étendent la géographie des rencontres amoureuses et sexuelles mais introduisent aussi un nouveau scénario de mise en couple. Cette nouvelle organisation des rencontres rend difficile la mobilisation du modèle explicatif habituel de l'homogamie, et ce de deux manières. Socialement et spatialement peu ségrégés, les sites suspendent d'abord la médiation des cadres de sociabilité dans la formation des couples. Fréquentés par des personnes socialement hétérogènes, ils semblent ainsi désenclaver l'espace des rencontres amoureuses et sexuelles. Ensuite, l'absence de face-à-face et la communication écrite modifient profondément le mode d'évaluation des partenaires potentiels. Si les sites changent donc les conditions de rencontre, les partenaires qu'ils introduisent restent, eux, proches socialement. L'article montre la manière dont est produite cette homogamie en ligne. L'analyse révèle une auto-sélection sociale produite processuellement au cours de trois étapes : l'évaluation des profils d'utilisateurs, l'échange écrit et la rencontre en face-à-face. À chacun de ces moments interviennent des mécanismes de sélection spécifiques qui donnent lieu, mais par d'autres chemins, à un appariement toujours homogame.
D'un objet d'hommes à une responsabilité de femmes
Authors: Thomé Cécile 
Published: January 2017

Résumé Cet article s'intéresse aux rapports de genre qui se jouent aujourd'hui autour de l'usage du préservatif masculin. Il s'appuie sur des entretiens auprès d'hommes et de femmes diplômé·e·s de 20 à 35 ans ayant des rapports hétérosexuels et sur des données quantitatives issues de l'enquête FECOND (2010, Inserm/Ined). L'article revient d'abord sur la diffusion progressive de « l'évidence du préservatif » dans la société française. Il montre ensuite que, dans la majorité des situations, les femmes ont aujourd'hui la charge aussi bien logistique que « mentale » du préservatif. Ainsi, c'est désormais aussi bien la contraception que la protection qui est du ressort féminin. Mais les rapports de genre transparaissent également lorsque l'on s'intéresse à l'utilisation même du préservatif au cours de l'acte sexuel (masculinité technique, féminité sanitaire). Cet objet semble ainsi être un bon révélateur des représentations genrées de la sexualité qui prévalent aujourd'hui encore, ainsi que des doubles injonctions faites aux femmes.
Professional Values Competency Evaluation for Students Enrolled in a Concept-Based Curriculum
Authors: Elliott Annette M. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Although many nursing programs have transitioned toward the use of concept-based curricula, the evaluation of student learning associated with the curricular approach has been limited. An evaluation of student learning related to professional values for programs offering concept-based curricula was not evident in the literature. The purpose was to determine how a course competency related to professional values was addressed by nursing students studying in a concept-based nursing curriculum.

Method:

The qualitative methodology of framework analysis was used to evaluate written assignments (
N
= 75).

Results:
The core concept appreciation for professional values and the core concept disillusionment with unprofessional behaviors were identified in students' written reflections.

Conclusion:

The core concept of appreciation for professional values contributes to an evidence base of contemporary professional values identified in nursing. The core concept of disillusionment with unprofessional behaviors can inform curricular planning and research on how to advocate for professional behaviors. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(1):12–21.]
Blending Simulation-Based Learning and Interpretative Pedagogy for Undergraduate Leadership Competency Development
Authors: McPherson Charmaine , MacDonald Cathy 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Effective leadership is an essential component guiding nursing activity and influencing health systems, health workers, and patient outcomes. Despite this evidence, undergraduate nursing programs may not be adequately preparing graduates to effectively engage in leadership practice.

Method:
This article describes an educational innovation designed to support prelicensure leadership competency development. The authors blended simulation-based learning (SBL) with an interpretative pedagogical frame in a senior nursing leadership course at a primarily undergraduate university.

Results:
The innovation involves a break from traditional nursing educational pedagogy by bringing SBL into the leadership classroom. Using interpretative pedagogy to purposefully create different relationships in the learning space supported deeper personal and professional transformation for the students.

Conclusion:

Nurse educators must purposefully design leadership curricula using active educational strategies that adequately prepare nurses for complex health systems. Integrating SBL within an interpretative pedagogy for leadership development moves students from merely knowing theory to informed and effective action. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(1):49–54.]
Rock permittivity characterization and application of electromagnetic mixing models for density/compactness assessment of HMA by means of step‐frequency radar
Authors: Araujo Steven , Delbreilh Laurent , Laguerre Laurent , Dumont Hervé , Dargent Éric , Fauchard Cyrille 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis work aims to determine the compactness/density of hot mix asphalt by measuring its permittivity by means of step‐frequency radar. As hot mix asphalt (HMA) is mainly made of rocks; their dielectric properties are measured in the frequency range of 0.5 ‐ 4 Ghz with step‐frequency radar, using cylindrical cavities. The results show that the rocks can be considered as low‐loss dielectric. As electromagnetic mixing models are required to translate measured permittivity to the compactness, power law models and unified mixing rules are needed for laboratory experimental data. The slab permittivity of various compactness is determined with the help of the step‐frequency radar system. This study shows that: (i) the selection of the electromagnetic mixing model has a critical impact on the accuracy of the calculated compactness; (ii) the choice of the host matrix for a family of unified mixing rules has huge consequences; and (iii) the best assessment of compactness/density is given by the complex refractive index model and Rayleigh and Böttcher models with an aggregate matrix.
Behaviour and frequency characteristics of acoustic emissions from sandy ground under model pile penetration
Authors: Mao Wuwei , Aoyama Shogo , Goto Shigeru , Towhata Ikuo 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAcoustic emission (AE) testing is regarded as an effective non‐destructive technique and is capable of detecting micro‐level defects inside a material. In the field of civil engineering, the acoustic emission technique has been widely applied to the studies of steelwork, concrete, and composite materials. However, the geophysical investigations of the application of acoustic emission, dealing with porous granular media, are comparatively limited. In this study, the acoustic emission testing is implemented in a model pile system to investigate subsoil behaviour subjected to pile penetration. The results reveal that the tendency of acoustic emission settlement and load settlement shows high similarity. In addition, the detected acoustic emission signals are studied in the frequency domain using fast Fourier transformation. Higher frequency acoustic emission signals (>100 kHz) are interpreted to be associated with sand particle crushing, which provides a new insight to evaluate the feature of sand grain crushing. Furthermore, the distinction of acoustic emission characteristics observed among different pile penetration sequences demonstrates the effect of ground density on the subsoil behaviour. The results obtained in this paper are beneficial to further clarify the bearing mechanism of pile foundations and also to provide useful information on the fundamental characteristics of acoustic emission signals originating from stressed granular soils, that can be extended to other acoustic emission‐based field investigations.
Spiritualité populaire versus religion bourgeoise
Authors: Peloso Luca 
Published: January 2017

Même si Pasolini n’a presque jamais de « solutions » à proposer, la valeur citoyenne et constructive de son activité est présente dans toutes ses œuvres. Sa rébellion, en tant que critique inflexible et systématiquement anticonformiste contre la société, est indissolublement liée à son sentiment du sacré, tout comme à son interprétation du christianisme ; en particulier dans La religione del mio tempo, Il Vangelo secondo Matteo et Teorema. L’aspect religieux fait donc partie intégrante de la lutte pasolinienne pour un autre monde et une autre société.
Penser l’Église catholique avec l’émancipation politique du sous-prolétariat
Authors: Millot Loïc 
Published: January 2017

Étroitement liée au pontificat de Jean XXIII et à l’ouverture conciliaire de Vatican II (1962-1965), la réalisation de L’Évangile selon Matthieu (Il Vangelo secondo Matteo, 1964) inaugure une période de conciliation au sein de la filmographie de Pier Paolo Pasolini [Joubert-Laurencin 1995, p. 397]. La carrière du cinéaste était en effet fortement compromise depuis l’« outrage à religion d’État » provoqué par la réalisation de La ricotta (1963). Le rapprochement de Pasolini avec la Pro Civitate Christiana fut déterminant, puisque cette organisation jésuite se porta garante auprès des banques pour assurer les capitaux nécessaires au financement de ce film. En mettant en tension l’analyse filmique avec leur contexte de production et de réception dans le champ catholique, nous examinerons la façon dont Pasolini a donné une inflexion marxiste au récit évangélique dans le but de restituer le drame chrétien aux paysans de l’Italie méridionale. À travers les oppositions de classes qu’il forge dans son film, un enjeu révolutionnaire reposerait stratégiquement sur le sous-prolétariat méridional, idéalement soutenu par une Église de la pauvreté et le parti communiste italien.
A Sleepless Dream
Authors: Kesel Marc De 
Published: January 2017

Religion plays a crucial role in the critical dimension of Pasolini’s movies (The Gospel according to St-Matthew, Teorema, Medea, Notes for an African Oresteia, and others). Yet the religion performed there is a thoroughly ‘pagan’ religion, a religion that is itself not critical at all. The question to be raised is why Pasolini does not refer to the ‘monotheistic’ kind of religion, which is critical – and even religion critical – in its core. The article tries to develop an answer to that question by means of patient and profound reflection upon Pasolini’s definition of ‘God’ (in Teorema) as “a dream that allows no sleep and from which one cannot waken”.
Religion contre cinéma
Authors: Paris Antoine 
Published: January 2017

En mettant en scène dans La Ricotta le tournage d’un film sur la Passion du Christ, Pier Paolo Pasolini présente une déconstruction du cinéma, dénonçant cet art comme complice d’une société qui assujettit les corps. Cette dénonciation coïncide avec une révélation religieuse : la présence du Christ dans toute chair exploitée.
L’exil, la quête et le refugié
Authors: Paquette Julie 
Published: January 2017

In this article we will underline how the inactual work of Pier Paolo Pasolini and his thoughts on the European conscious from the ’50 to the ’70 can be use as a tool for a better understanding of the Refugees Crisis. In order to do so, we will return to the script of Porno-Teo-Kolossal as well as to the poem Ali dagli occhi azzurri. Within this voyage, we will underline the importance of a radical hospitality – with the work of René Schérer on Teorema, as well as the necessity to say no. Finally, we will point out how the refugee can be hear as the one who is revealing the paradox of our epoch (Wendy Brown) and how this situation is asking for the construction of an updated’ solidarity of the oppressed (Walter Benjamin).
The Insulin Receptor Plays a Critical Role in T Cell Function and Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Fischer Henrike J. , Sie Christopher , Schumann Eric , Witte Ann-Kathrin , Dressel Ralf , van den Brandt Jens , Reichardt Holger M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
T cell activation is an energy-demanding process fueled by increased glucose consumption and accompanied by upregulation of the insulin receptor (INSR). In this article, we report that silencing the INSR in inducible knockdown rats impairs selective T cell functions but not thymocyte development. Glucose transport and glycolysis in activated CD4+ T cells were compromised in the absence of the INSR, which was associated with alterations in intracellular signaling pathways. The observed metabolic defects coincided with reduced cytokine production, proliferation, and migration, as well as increased apoptosis of CD4+ T cells. The cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells in response to alloantigens was also diminished under these conditions, whereas the frequency and suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells were unaffected. The observed impairments proved to be decisive in vivo because silencing of the INSR attenuated clinical symptoms in animal models of acute graft-versus-host disease and multiple sclerosis. Taken together, our results suggest that upregulation of the INSR on T cells following activation is required for efficient adaptive immunity.
Cutting Edge: Notch Signaling Promotes the Plasticity of Group-2 Innate Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Zhang Kangning , Xu Xingyuan , Pasha Muhammad Asghar , Siebel Christian W. , Costello Angelica , Haczku Angela , MacNamara Katherine , Liang Tingbo , Zhu Jinfang , Bhandoola Avinash , Maillard Ivan , Yang Qi 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The mechanisms underlying lymphocyte lineage stability and plasticity remain elusive. Recent work indicates that innate lymphoid cells (ILC) possess substantial plasticity. Whereas natural ILC2 (nILC2) produce type-2 cytokines, plastic inflammatory ILC2 (iILC2) can coproduce both type-2 cytokines and the ILC3-characteristic cytokine, IL-17. Mechanisms that elicit this lineage plasticity, and the importance in health and disease, remain unclear. In this study we show that iILC2 are potent inducers of airway inflammation in response to acute house dust mite challenge. We find that Notch signaling induces lineage plasticity of mature ILC2 and drives the conversion of nILC2 into iILC2. Acute blockade of Notch signaling abolished functional iILC2, but not nILC2, in vivo. Exposure of isolated nILC2 to Notch ligands induced Rorc expression and elicited dual IL-13/IL-17 production, converting nILC2 into iILC2. Together these results reveal a novel role for Notch signaling in eliciting ILC2 plasticity and driving the emergence of highly proinflammatory innate lymphocytes.
IL-4 Haploinsufficiency Specifically Impairs IgE Responses against Allergens in Mice
Authors: Robinson Marcus J. , Prout Melanie , Mearns Helen , Kyle Ryan , Camberis Mali , Forbes-Blom Elizabeth E. , Paul William E. , Allen Christopher D. C. , Le Gros Graham 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Polymorphisms in genes involved in IL-4 responses segregate with allergic disease risk and correlate with IgE levels in humans, and IL-4 promotes IgE and IgG1 Ab production against allergens in mice. We report that mice with only one intact Il4 gene copy are significantly impaired in their ability to make specific IgE responses against allergens, whereas IgG1 responses to allergens remain unaffected. Il4-hemizygosity also resulted in a modest but detectable drop in IL-4 production by CD4+ T cells isolated from lymph nodes and prevented IgE-dependent oral allergen–induced diarrhea. We conclude that a state of haploinsufficiency for the Il4 gene locus is specifically relevant for IL-4–dependent IgE responses to allergens with the amount of IL-4 produced in the hemizygous condition falling close to the threshold required for switching to IgE production. These results may be relevant for how polymorphisms in genes affecting IL-4 responses influence the risk of IgE-mediated allergic disease in humans.
Circulating Monocytes Exhibit an Endotoxin Tolerance Status after Acute Ischemic Stroke: Mitochondrial DNA as a Putative Explanation for Poststroke Infections
Authors: Hernández-Jiménez Enrique , Gutierrez-Fernández María , Cubillos-Zapata Carolina , Otero-Ortega Laura , Rodríguez-Frutos Berta , Toledano Víctor , Martínez-Sánchez Patricia , Fuentes Blanca , Varela-Serrano Aníbal , Avendaño-Ortiz José , Blázquez Alberto , Mangas-Guijarro María Ángeles , Díez-Tejedor Exuperio , López-Collazo Eduardo 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) suffer from infections associated with mortality. The relevance of the innate immune system, and monocytes in particular, has emerged as an important factor in the evolution of these infections. The study enrolled 14 patients with AIS, without previous treatment, and 10 healthy controls. In the present study, we show that monocytes from patients with AIS exhibit a refractory state or endotoxin tolerance. The patients were unable to orchestrate an inflammatory response against LPS and expressed three factors reported to control the evolution of human monocytes into a refractory state: IL-1R–associated kinase-M, NFkB2/p100, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. The levels of circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in patients with AIS correlated with impaired inflammatory response of isolated monocytes. Interestingly, the patients could be classified into two groups: those who were infected and those who were not, according to circulating mtDNA levels. This finding was validated in an independent cohort of 23 patients with AIS. Additionally, monocytes from healthy controls, cultured in the presence of both sera from patients and mtDNA, reproduced a refractory state after endotoxin challenge. This effect was negated by either a TLR9 antagonist or DNase treatment. The present data further extend our understanding of endotoxin tolerance implications in AIS. A putative role of mtDNA as a new biomarker of stroke-associated infections, and thus a clinical target for preventing poststroke infection, has also been identified.
Impact of spaceborne carbon monoxide observations from the S-5P platform on tropospheric composition analyses and forecasts
Authors: Abida Rachid , Attié Jean-Luc , El Amraoui Laaziz , Ricaud Philippe , Lahoz William , Eskes Henk , Segers Arjo , Curier Lyana , de Haan Johan , Kujanpää Jukka , Nijhuis Albert Oude , Tamminen Johanna , Timmermans Renske , Veefkind Pepijn 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. We use the technique of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) to quantify the impact of spaceborne carbon monoxide (CO) total column observations from the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P) platform on tropospheric analyses and forecasts. We focus on Europe for the period of northern summer 2003, when there was a severe heat wave episode associated with extremely hot and dry weather conditions. We describe different elements of the OSSE: (i) the nature run (NR), i.e., the truth; (ii) the CO synthetic observations; (iii) the assimilation run (AR), where we assimilate the observations of interest; (iv) the control run (CR), in this study a free model run without assimilation; and (v) efforts to establish the fidelity of the OSSE results. Comparison of the results from AR and the CR, against the NR, shows that CO total column observations from S-5P provide a significant benefit (at the 99 % confidence level) at the surface, with the largest benefit occurring over land in regions far away from emission sources. Furthermore, the S-5P CO total column observations are able to capture phenomena such as the forest fires that occurred in Portugal during northern summer 2003. These results provide evidence of the benefit of S-5P observations for monitoring processes contributing to atmospheric pollution.
Land surface albedo and vegetation feedbacks enhanced the millennium drought in south-east Australia
Authors: Evans Jason P. , Meng Xianhong , McCabe Matthew F. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. In this study, we have examined the ability of a regional climate model (RCM) to simulate the extended drought that occurred throughout the period of 2002 through 2007 in south-east Australia. In particular, the ability to reproduce the two drought peaks in 2002 and 2006 was investigated. Overall, the RCM was found to reproduce both the temporal and the spatial structure of the drought-related precipitation anomalies quite well, despite using climatological seasonal surface characteristics such as vegetation fraction and albedo. This result concurs with previous studies that found that about two-thirds of the precipitation decline can be attributed to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Simulation experiments that allowed the vegetation fraction and albedo to vary as observed illustrated that the intensity of the drought was underestimated by about 10 % when using climatological surface characteristics. These results suggest that in terms of drought development, capturing the feedbacks related to vegetation and albedo changes may be as important as capturing the soil moisture–precipitation feedback. In order to improve our modelling of multi-year droughts, the challenge is to capture all these related surface changes simultaneously, and provide a comprehensive description of land surface–precipitation feedback during the droughts development.