bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific variability in egg maturation patterns and associated life‐history trade‐offs in a polyembryonic parasitoid wasp
Authors: KEINAN YAEL , KISHINEVSKY MIRIAM , KEASAR TAMAR 
Published: June 2017

1. Life‐history theory predicts a trade‐off between the resources allocated to reproduction and those allocated to survival. Early maturation of eggs (pro‐ovigeny) is correlated with small body size and low adult longevity in interspecific comparisons among parasitoids, demonstrating this trade‐off. The handful of studies that have tested for similar correlations within species produced conflicting results.2. Egg maturation patterns and related life‐history traits were studied in the polyembryonic parasitoid wasp, Copidosoma koehleri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Although the genus Copidosoma was previously reported to be fully pro‐ovigenic, mean egg loads of host‐deprived females almost doubled within their first 6 days of adulthood.3. The initial egg‐loads of newly emerged females were determined and age‐specific realised fecundity curves were constructed for their clone‐mate twins. The females' initial egg loads increased with body size, but neither body size nor initial egg load was correlated with longevity and fecundity.4. The variation in initial egg loads was lowest among clone‐mates, intermediate among non‐clone sisters and highest among non‐sister females. The within‐clone variability indicates environmental influences on egg maturation, while the between‐clone variation may be genetically based.5. Ovaries of host‐deprived females contained fewer eggs at death (at ∼29 days) than on day 6. Their egg loads at death were negatively correlated with life span, consistent with reduced egg production and/or egg resorption. Host deprivation prolonged the wasps' life span, suggesting a survival cost to egg maturation and oviposition.6. It is concluded that adult fecundity and longevity were not traded off with pre‐adult egg maturation.
Extinction and time help drive the marine‐terrestrial biodiversity gradient: is the ocean a deathtrap?
Authors: Miller Elizabeth C. , Wiens John J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe marine‐terrestrial richness gradient is among Earth's most dramatic biodiversity patterns, but its causes remain poorly understood. Here, we analyse detailed phylogenies of amniote clades, paleontological data and simulations to reveal the mechanisms underlying low marine richness, emphasising speciation, extinction and colonisation. We show that differences in diversification rates (speciation minus extinction) between habitats are often weak and inconsistent with observed richness patterns. Instead, the richness gradient is explained by limited time for speciation in marine habitats, since all extant marine clades are relatively young. Paleontological data show that older marine invasions have consistently ended in extinction. Simulations show that marine extinctions help drive the pattern of young, depauperate marine clades. This role for extinction is not discernible from molecular phylogenies alone, and not predicted by most previously hypothesised explanations for this gradient. Our results have important implications for the marine‐terrestrial biodiversity gradient, and studies of biodiversity gradients in general.
Reduced glucose metabolism in neocortical network nodes remote from hypothalamic hamartomas reflects cognitive impairment
Authors: Wagner Kathrin , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Urbach Horst , Trippel Michael , Spehl Timo S. , Buschmann Franziska , Metternich Birgitta , Ofer Isabell , Meyer Philipp T. , Frings Lars 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe clinical appearance of patients with hypothalamic hamartomas is very heterogeneous, and interindividual variability of intellectual abilities is not completely understood. We retrospectively investigated cerebral dysfunction as indicated by reduced regional glucose metabolism in 29 patients (age range 7–49 years) with epilepsy due to hypothalamic hamartomas. Brain metabolism assessed by [18F]FDG‐PETwas compared between patients with and without cognitive impairment controlled for unevenly distributed hamartoma lateralization seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Due to the broad age range, the variable “age” was included in the imaging analyses as a covariate. Additional voxel‐wise analysis with hamartoma volume, disease duration, seizure severity, seizure frequency, and antiepileptic drug (AED) load as well as dosage and gender as further covariates was accomplished. Furthermore, global visual ratings on laterality of hypometabolism patterns were assessed according to clinical standards and related to hamartoma lateralization onMRIas well as lateralization ofelectroencephalography (EEG)abnormalities. Cognitively impaired patients showed significantly reduced glucose metabolism in bilateral frontal as well as right parietal and posterior midline cortices (p < 0.005), irrespective of hamartoma lateralization seen onMRI. Additional voxel‐wise analysis with the above‐mentioned further covariates revealed comparable results.FDGuptake values within the main right frontal cluster obtained from group comparison were not associated with hamartoma volume, disease duration, orAEDload. Irrespective of cognitive functioning, lateralization of reducedFDGuptake in global visual ratings was associated with lateralization of hypothalamic hamartomas seen onMRI(p < 0.01), but not withEEGabnormalities. We found regions of reduced glucose metabolism in cognitively impaired patients remote from the hypothalamic hamartomas in frontal and parietal regions, which have been identified as important network nodes in the human brain and are linked to higher cognitive functions.
Evolutionary responses to crude oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill by the copepod Eurytemora affinis
Authors: Lee Carol Eunmi , Remfert Jane Louise , Opgenorth Taylor , Lee Kristin M. , Stanford Elizabeth , Connolly Joseph William , Kim Jinwoo , Tomke Sarah 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Disaster was the most catastrophic offshore oil spill in U.S. history, yet we still have a poor understanding of how organisms could evolve in response to the toxic effects of crude oil. This study offers a rare analysis of how fitness‐related traits could evolve rapidly in response to crude oil toxicity. We examined evolutionary responses of populations of the common copepod Eurytemora affinis residing in the Gulf of Mexico, by comparing crude oil tolerance of populations collected before versus after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010. In addition, we imposed laboratory selection for crude oil tolerance for ~8 generations, using an E. affinis population collected from before the oil spill. We found evolutionary increases in crude oil tolerance in the wild population following the oil spill, relative to the population collected before the oil spill. The post‐oil spill population showed increased survival and rapid development time in the presence of crude oil. In contrast, evolutionary responses following laboratory selection were less clear; though, development time from metamorphosis to adult in the presence of crude oil did become more rapid after selection. We did find that the wild population, used in both experiments, harbored significant genetic variation in crude oil tolerance, upon which selection could act. Thus, our study indicated that crude oil tolerance could evolve, but perhaps not on the relatively short time scale of the laboratory selection experiment. This study contributes novel insights into evolutionary responses to crude oil, in directly examining fitness‐related traits before and after an oil spill, and in observing evolutionary responses following laboratory selection.
A bio‐inspired tool for managing resilience in enterprise networks with embedded intelligent formulation
Authors: Habib Sami J. , Marimuthu Paulvanna N. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe bio‐organisms are resilient in nature, where resilience is viewed as a sign of intelligence for understanding and reacting to the unforeseen changes in order to retain their normal functionalities. The resilient behavior within the livings is developed through an evolutionary cycle. Here, we want to provide an enterprise network (EN) with a resilient behavior by embedding intelligent formulations to guide EN through uncertain workload, which is not considered during early design stage. We formulated the resilient management problem within EN as an optimization problem, with an objective function is to maximize the resilience. We developed a bio‐inspired tool comprising of Genetic Algorithm (GA), Molecular Assembly (MA) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). Our experimental results on an EN of 100 nodes, with a heavy backbone traffic of 7.6 TB demonstrated that GA gains the maximum resilience of 50%, whereas MA gains 46%, ACO gains 31.54%, and the original EN had 20% resilience. However, with light workload, MA and GA performed closely with a maximum resilience of 64% and 62%, respectively, and ACO showed a moderate resilience with a maximum of 32%.
Contrasting effects of water and nutrient additions on grassland communities: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: DeMalach Niv , Zaady Eli , Kadmon Ronen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimChanges in global climate and land use are expected to alter water and nutrient availability. Various meta‐analyses and large‐scale experiments show that increasing nutrient availability is expected to decrease the diversity of ecological communities, but so far, no study has attempted to provide a global‐scale perspective of diversity responses to water manipulation.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe conducted a meta‐analysis focusing on the effects of water and nutrient additions both on species richness and on biomass of herbaceous plant communities. We identified 41 water addition experiments, of which 19 experiments manipulated both water and nutrients.ResultsAlthough both water and nutrient additions increased biomass (by c. 15 and 34%, respectively), only the latter consistently decreased richness (by c. 23%). Biomass responses to water addition were mainly derived from an increase in forb biomass (by c. 37%), whereas corresponding responses to nutrient addition were derived from an increase in graminoid biomass (by c. 56%). Addition of both water and nutrients led to larger biomass responses compared with the addition of each resource alone (by c. 69%), but the negative effect on species richness was similar to nitrogen addition alone. None of these responses could be explained by general (resource‐independent) theories, such as the productivity–diversity hypothesis or the niche dimension hypothesis.Main conclusionsWhile highlighting overlooked patterns, this meta‐analysis reveals a fundamental knowledge gap in our ability to predict biodiversity responses to global change and demonstrates that future theories attempting to explain and predict such changes must take into account the potential implications of resource‐specific and functional group‐specific responses.
Regionalisation or Globalisation of Automotive Production Networks? Lessons from Import Patterns of Four European Countries
Authors: Frigant Vincent , Zumpe Martin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe automotive industry has long had a reputation for organising its production networks on a macro‐regional scale. However, over the 2000–2012 time span, extended vertical disintegration of both carmakers and mega‐suppliers, and the 2008–2009 trade collapse suggest that this geographical organisation pattern could have weakened, giving way to a genuine globalisation of auto‐parts trade. This paper first reviews arguments likely to explain why automotive production networks are multi‐scalar, ranging from local to global. Empirical analysis of international auto‐parts trade data from Germany, France, UK, and Spain suggests that there has been little progression in globalisation of production networks. General data features can be best explained as follows: 1) the auto‐parts import level of a given country is mainly driven by its automobile production level, and by the degree of presence of foreign headquartered carmakers; and 2) the breakdown of imports into procurement flows from near‐distant and far‐distant countries is mainly driven by the degree of presence of carmakers headquartered in far‐distant countries.
Depletion Mapping and Constrained Optimization to Support Managing Groundwater Extraction
Authors: Fienen Michael N. , Bradbury Kenneth R. , Kniffin Maribeth , Barlow Paul M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGroundwater models often serve as management tools to evaluate competing water uses including ecosystems, irrigated agriculture, industry, municipal supply, and others. Depletion potential mapping—showing the model‐calculated potential impacts that wells have on stream baseflow—can form the basis for multiple potential management approaches in an oversubscribed basin. Specific management approaches can include scenarios proposed by stakeholders, systematic changes in well pumping based on depletion potential, and formal constrained optimization, which can be used to quantify the tradeoff between water use and stream baseflow. Variables such as the maximum amount of reduction allowed in each well and various groupings of wells using, for example, K‐means clustering considering spatial proximity and depletion potential are considered. These approaches provide a potential starting point and guidance for resource managers and stakeholders to make decisions about groundwater management in a basin, spreading responsibility in different ways. We illustrate these approaches in the Little Plover River basin in central Wisconsin, United States—home to a rich agricultural tradition, with farmland and urban areas both in close proximity to a groundwater‐dependent trout stream. Groundwater withdrawals have reduced baseflow supplying the Little Plover River below a legally established minimum. The techniques in this work were developed in response to engaged stakeholders with various interests and goals for the basin. They sought to develop a collaborative management plan at a watershed scale that restores the flow rate in the river in a manner that incorporates principles of shared governance and results in effective and minimally disruptive changes in groundwater extraction practices.
Impacts of Seasonal Pumping on Stream‐Aquifer Interactions in Miryang, Korea
Authors: Lee Hyeonju , Koo Min‐Ho , Kim Yongcheol 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLarge agricultural fields in South Korea are located mostly on alluvial plains, where a significant amount of groundwater is used for heating of water‐curtain insulated greenhouses. Such greenhouses are commonly used for crop cultivation during the winter dry season from November to March. After use the groundwater is discharged directly into streams, causing groundwater depletion. A hydrogeological study was carried out in a typical agricultural area of this type, located on an alluvial aquifer near the Nakdong River. Groundwater levels, chemical characteristics, and temperatures from 68 observation wells were analyzed to determine the impacts of seasonal groundwater pumping on the groundwater system and stream‐aquifer interactions. Our results show that the groundwater system has not yet reached a state of dynamic equilibrium. Decades of excessive seasonal pumping have caused a gradual decline of groundwater levels, leading to groundwater depletion, especially in areas further from the river. Seasonal pumping has also significantly affected groundwater quality in the aquifer near the river. Groundwater temperature is decreasing (in this case a disadvantage), and saline groundwater is being diluted by induced recharge. The results of this study provide a basic outline for effective integrated water management that is widely applicable in South Korea.
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of prostate and prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous components: a clinicopathological analysis of 143 cases
Authors: Samaratunga Hemamali , Delahunt Brett , Srigley John R , Yaxley John , Johannsen Shulammite , Coughlin Geoffrey , Gianduzzo Troy , Kua Boon , Patterson Imogen , Nacey John N , Egevad Lars 
Published: June 2017

AimThe clinical significance of mucinous prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) remains uncertain.MethodsFrom 6440 cases of PCa treated by radical prostatectomy from 2009 to 2014, mucinous components of 5–100% were found in 143 (2.2%) cases.ResultsThe mean age was 61.4 years, mean pre‐operative serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) was 7.8 ng/ml and clinical stage category was cT1 in 81% and cT2 in 19% of cases. Cases were graded using the 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology recommendation of grading underlying architecture, and Gleason scores (GS) were 3 + 4 in 13.3%, 4 + 3 in 54.5%, 4 + 4 in 2.1%, 3 + 4 or 4 + 3 with tertiary 5 in 11.9% and 9–10 in 18.2%. The mucinous component invariably had a high‐grade component. Extraprostatic extension was found in 46.8% of cases. In 21.6%, tumour volume was ≥3 cm³ and 9.7% had surgical margin positivity. Seminal vesicle involvement was found in 6.9%. In 73 cases the mucinous component was >25%, and when cases were divided on the basis of the area of mucin present (≤25 versus >25%) there was no significant difference between clinical or pathological features. Similar findings were achieved when cases were compared with grade‐matched non‐mucinous carcinoma controls. The 5‐year biochemical recurrence rates for mucinous versus non‐mucinous cancer were 12.5 versus 17% (P = 0.15).ConclusionPCa with mucinous components is often high grade; however, the prognosis appears to be similar to non‐mucinous cancers of similar GS.
“Not everything that counts can be counted”: Assessing ‘success’ of EU external migration policy
Authors: Reslow Natasja 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the context of the ongoing “migration crisis” the externalization of EU migration policy has continued. EU policy documents argue that cooperation with non‐EU countries is essential in order to manage migration flows. But how successful is this policy? The public policy literature teaches us that “policy success” can be defined in varying ways: as goal achievement; as political success; in terms of norms; in terms of the costs associated with the policy; temporally; and in the light of external factors. An application of this analytical framework to the EU Mobility Partnerships uncovers conceptual and methodological challenges, and above all highlights the need for evaluation of EU external migration policy to be taken more seriously.
Missional Formation for Transforming Discipleship
Authors: Míguez Néstor 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMission – in the larger sense, beyond the mission of the institutional church – in the 21st century is an urgent and decisive issue. We need to prepare for a transforming mission with transforming discipleship. Together towards Life, along with Evangelii Gaudium and Laudato Si', offer paradigm shifts to consider as we envision mission formation with other parameters – with a different theological and ministerial education. Participation in the world is necessary for any true transformative mission: it is there that we learn and practise the true challenges to abundant life for everyone and for all. Practice alone is not enough: we must always question our own praxis, reviewing it in the light of the gospel.
Missional Formation for Transforming Discipleship: A Response
Authors: Holman Jo Ella 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAs I approached teaching my first missiology course in the seminary of a Dominican partner church a few years ago, I had to ask myself, “How do we possibly talk about and engage in ‘mission’ in this hemisphere, where the first ‘mission’ ended in genocide?” In this article, I explore the context for mission, which I believe is sometimes given insufficient attention as we seek to form and equip our church leaders and members for mission. The contexts are both local and global, with much intersection between the two. I will also focus on methodology that may be useful for the formation of disciples for mission as part of the need for a different type of theological and ministerial education within the new mission paradigm that Míguez proposes.
Mission and Theology: Teaching Missiology on the Basis of Together towards Life
Authors: Vassiliadis Petros 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTheological education and Christian mission have a history of mutual relations of only a century or so – from the time when missiology as a distinctive course was introduced into the curricula of certain theological schools and seminaries. For almost a generation, I have been involved both in global theological education, through the World Conference of Associations of Theological Institutions, and in global Christian mission, through the Commission on World Mission and Evangelism, trying to analyze the viability and effectiveness of a missiological formation of future religious leaders.
Experience from the Mission to Cuba: Related to Together towards Life
Authors: Rosales Daniel Montoya 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe mission that God has given is one of proclamation, liturgy, deaconry, education, and stewardship. This is why it is necessary to develop new models for mission based on national work, where we review our biblical and theological discourse, our ecclesiology, the structures that limit our missionary activity, the models of theological education, our traditions and creation of liturgy, and our conceptual models and practice in ministry. Considering this, the World Council of Churches' document Together towards Life: Mission and Evangelism in Changing Landscapes offers interesting guidelines for teaching and practicing mission, which the author analyzes in the ecumenical Cuban context, and in particular in that of the Evangelical Theological Seminary of Matanzas, Cuba.
Missional Formation for Life‐giving Interfaith Encounter
Authors: Ezekiel Lesmore Gibson 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOur world is characterized by a plurality of religions and cultures, including people who do not profess any religious faith or belief. Each religion cherishes and reveres its norms and ethos and seeks to uphold and project its sacredness both publicly and privately. If the multiplicity of religious expressions is not accepted as a gift, it may fuel and sustain unhealthy rivalry. With this understanding in mind, the need for pedagogy that prepares Christian missioners and workers to engage in life‐affirming dialogue and cooperation with people of other belief systems remains crucial. This article seeks to reinforce the case for a missional formation that includes and mainstreams basic aspects of interfaith knowledge, knowing full well that mission activities are not carried out in a vacuum, but among human beings in their social and communal locations.
Toward a Cosmic and Holistic Mission: A Biblical Reflection on Romans 8:14‐24a
Authors: Ham Adolfo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article explores Romans 8:14‐24a, one of the scripture passages quoted in Together towards Life (TTL). References to the Holy Spirit that frees us from fear; the liberation of the cosmos from bondage; the dimension of hope; and the wider concept of mission shed light on the hopeful message of TTL.