bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Complications and Comparison of Outcomes Using SurgiMend Fetal Bovine and AlloDerm Human Cadaveric Acellular Dermal Matrices in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Ricci Joseph A. , Treiser Matthew D. , Tao Ran , Jiang Wei , Guldbrandsen Gretchen , Halvorson Eric , Hergrueter Charles A. , Chun Yoon S. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Implant-based breast reconstruction with an acellular dermal matrix is one of the most common procedures performed by plastic surgeons. Although numerous matrices are available, there is little literature comparing them. This study compares the rates of complications between two commonly used products: AlloDerm (human cadaveric) and SurgiMend (fetal bovine) acellular dermal matrices.

Methods:
A retrospective review of a single center’s 6-year experience was performed for consecutive, immediate breast reconstructions with acellular dermal matrix from 2009 to 2014. The authors compared demographics and surgical characteristics between patients receiving AlloDerm versus SurgiMend. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine any association between type of matrix and surgical complications and to identify other clinical predictors for complications.

Results:
A total of 640 patients underwent 952 reconstructions using AlloDerm [578 breasts (61 percent)] or SurgiMend [374 breasts (39 percent)]. The average follow-up was 587 days. Multivariate analysis revealed that type of matrix was not an independent risk factor for the development of complications. However, smoking, age, radiotherapy, and initial tissue expander fill volume were associated with increased risk of postoperative complications.

Conclusions:
Both AlloDerm and SurgiMend acellular dermal matrices demonstrate similar rates of major complications when used in immediate implant-based breast reconstruction. In contrast, preoperative radiation therapy, smoking, increasing age, and initial tissue expander fill volume are independent risk factors for postoperative complications. Reconstructive surgeons should take these findings into consideration when performing implant-based breast reconstruction with a dermal matrix.
A Comparison of Psychological Response, Body Image, Sexuality, and Quality of Life between Immediate and Delayed Autologous Tissue Breast Reconstruction: A Prospective Long-Term Outcome Study
Authors: Zhong Toni , Hu Jiayi , Bagher Shaghayegh , Vo Anthony , O'Neill Anne C. , Butler Kate , Novak Christine B. , Hofer Stefan O. P. , Metcalfe Kelly A. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
This is the first study to use generic distress, cancer-specific, and procedure-specific measures to prospectively evaluate psychological responses, body image, sexuality, and health-related quality of life in immediate compared with delayed breast reconstruction.

Methods:
Consecutive patients undergoing autologous immediate and delayed breast reconstruction (June of 2009 to December of 2010) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Body Image Scale, Sexuality Scale, and BREAST-Q preoperatively and postoperatively (6, 12, and 18 months). Linear mixed-effects analyses between each outcome and time point were performed.

Results:
One hundred six women underwent mastectomy with immediate (n = 30) and delayed breast reconstruction (n = 76). Before reconstruction, 26 percent of patients had abnormal anxiety scores and 9 percent had abnormal depression scores, with no significant differences between groups. Patients awaiting delayed breast reconstruction had significantly impaired prereconstruction body image (p = 0.01) and sexuality (p = 0.01) and worse satisfaction with breast (p < 0.01), psychological (p < 0.01), and sexual well-being (p < 0.01). At 18 months after immediate and delayed breast reconstruction, there was significant improvement in anxiety, depression, body image, sexuality, and health-related quality of life.

Conclusions:
This single-center study shows that mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction may protect breast cancer patients from a period of psychosocial distress, poor body image, and diminished sexual well-being compared with those waiting for delayed breast reconstruction. In patients who are oncologically eligible and strongly interested in breast reconstruction, efforts should be made to provide immediate breast reconstruction to decrease the interval of psychosocial distress, poor body image, and impaired sexuality.
An Evidence-Based Approach to Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly
Authors: Weissler E. Hope , Sherif Rami D. , Taub Peter J. 
Published: September 2016

Summary:
This article provides an evidence-based review of the literature concerning the cause, diagnosis, manifestations, and treatment of nonsynostotic plagiocephaly, with a particular focus on recently published studies of helmet therapy. It is designed to serve as an overview of this very common abnormality and a stimulus for discussion about management paradigms and future research priorities.
Regulation of ADSC Osteoinductive Potential Using Notch Pathway Inhibition and Gene Rescue: A Potential On/Off Switch for Clinical Applications in Bone Formation and Reconstructive Efforts
Authors: Lough Denver M. , Chambers Christopher , Germann Gunter , Bueno Ruben , Reichensperger Joel , Swanson Edward , Dyer Mary , Cox Lisa , Harrison Carrie , Neumeister Michael W. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Although there has been tremendous research in the ability of mesenchymal-derived adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) to form bone, less is known regarding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the osteogenic potential of ADSCs. Notch, which consists of a key family of regulatory ligands involved in bone formation, is expressed in the bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell niche and is critical for proliferation, migration, and ultimately osseous differentiation. The authors investigate how Notch impacts ADSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation to determine a translatable application of these cells in bone regeneration.

Methods:
Enriched ADSC populations were isolated from tissue and examined for their ability to respond to Notch pathway signaling events. Proliferation, viability, extracellular matrix deposition, and osteoinduction were assessed following Notch activation and inhibition. Notch pathway rescue was conducted using a lentiviral vector encoding a downstream Notch-1 intracellular domain (NICD).

Results:
Proliferation, osteogenic induction, and the ability to form bone elements were reduced following Notch inhibition (p < 0.05). However, ADSCs, while in the presence of the Notch inhibition, were able to be rescued following lentiviral transduction with NICD, restoring osteogenic potential at both the molecular and cellular functional levels (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
These data suggest a potential translatable “on/off switch,” using endogenous Notch signaling to regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and osteogenic potential of ADSCs. Although Notch inhibition reduced ADSC proliferation and down-regulated osteoinduction, targeted gene therapy and the delivery of the downstream NICD peptide restored bone formation, suggesting pragmatic clinical utility of ADSCs for bone regeneration.
Flow-Induced Axial Vascularization: The Arteriovenous Loop in Angiogenesis and Tissue Engineering
Authors: Leibig Nico , Wietbrock Johanna O. , Bigdeli Amir K. , Horch Raymund E. , Kremer Thomas , Kneser Ulrich , Schmidt Volker J. 
Published: September 2016

Summary:
Fabrication of a viable vascular network providing oxygen supply is identified as one crucial limiting factor to generate more complex three-dimensional constructs. The arteriovenous loop model provides initial blood supply and has a high angioinductive potency, making it suitable for vascularization of larger, tissue-engineered constructs. Also because of its angiogenic capabilities the arteriovenous loop is recently also used as a model to evaluate angiogenesis in vivo. This review summarizes the history of the arteriovenous loop model in research and its technical and surgical aspects. Through modifications of the isolation chamber and its containing matrices, tissue generation can be enhanced. In addition, matrices can be used as release systems for local application of growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, to affect vascular network formation. A special focus in this review is set on the assessment of angiogenesis in the arteriovenous loop model. This model provides good conditions for assessment of angiogenesis with the initial cell-free environment of the isolation chamber, which is vascularized by the arteriovenous loop. Because of the angiogenic capabilities of the arteriovenous loop model, different attempts were performed to create functional tissue in the isolation chamber for potential clinical application. Arteriovenous loops in combination with autologous bone marrow aspirate were already used to reconstruct large bone defects in humans.
The Effect of Smoking on Necrosis Rate in Digital Replantation and Revascularization with Prostaglandin E1 Therapy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Nishijima Akio , Yamamoto Naoto , Yanagibayashi Satoshi , Yoshida Ryuichi , Takikawa Megumi , Kouno Rie , Gosho Masahiko 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Most microsurgeons believe that smoking and severity of injury adversely affect the outcome of digital replantation surgery. As countermeasures, several pharmacologic agents have been used for the perioperative period. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine whether the rate of necrosis is appreciably different across smokers versus nonsmokers with prostaglandin E1 therapy.

Methods:
The authors’ study subjects included 144 patients (184 digits) who underwent replantation or revascularization between August of 2013 and August of 2015.The primary outcome was the incidence of total necrosis after replantation surgery, and the secondary outcomes were the rate of overall necrosis, proportion of total necrosis to overall necrosis, and total success. Intravenous administration of prostaglandin E1 was performed at the rate of 120 μg/day for 7 days after surgery in all patients. These outcomes of each injury type were compared between smoking and nonsmoking groups.

Results:
Among the 184 injured digits, the incidence of total necrosis in smokers (23 percent) was higher than that in nonsmokers (17 percent), although no significant difference was shown (p = 0.36). The adjusted odds ratio was 1.17 (95 percent CI, 0.51 to 2.69). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the secondary outcomes between the two groups.

Conclusion:
The authors’ retrospective study found no significant difference in the formation or extent of necrosis after replantation or revascularization between smoking and nonsmoking groups when all patients were treated with prostaglandin E1.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, II.
Proximal-to-Distally Elevated Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap Enabling Hybrid Reconstruction
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Yamamoto Takumi , Hayashi Akitatsu , Iida Takuya 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Most authors elevate the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap from the lateral edge of the skin paddle, and begin by dissecting a perforator perfusing the skin paddle. In this article, the authors introduce a modified technique for elevation of a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap, beginning with identification of the pedicle arteries, allowing inclusion of a variety of anatomical structures.

Methods:
From August of 2012 to August of 2015, 27 patients with soft- and bony-tissue defects underwent reconstruction using proximal-to-distally elevated superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flaps. There were 18 male and nine female patients, with an average age was 54.3 years.

Results:
The average size and pedicle length of the flap was 59 cm2 and 6 cm, respectively. Chimeric fabrication consisted of vascularized iliac bone in four patients, the sartorius muscle in three patients, vascularized lymph node in two patients, vascularized deep fascia in one patient, and the intercostal nerve in one patient. The superficial branch of the superficial circumflex iliac artery was used as the only pedicle in 20 cases, the deep branch of the superficial circumflex iliac artery was used as the only pedicle in three cases, and both branches were used as the pedicle in four cases. Flaps survived completely in all but three cases. In the cases with integrated nerves or fascia, satisfactory functional recovery was observed.

Conclusion:
With its minimal donor-site morbidity and a wide variety of anatomical structures that can be procured with the skin paddle, the proximal-to-distally elevated superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap may be useful for reconstruction of defects of small to moderate size.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
The Longitudinal Relation Between Accumulation of Adverse Life Events and Body Mass Index From Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Authors: Elsenburg Leonie K. , Smidt Nynke , Liefbroer Aart C. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
Stressors, such as adverse life events, can cause weight changes through behavioral and biological mechanisms. Whether the accumulation of adverse life events is related to body mass index (BMI) across multiple time points from early adolescence to young adulthood has not been investigated to date.

Methods
Data are from 2188 children participating at T1 (10–12 years), T3 (14–18 years), and/or T5 (21–23 years) of the prospective Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey cohort study. Adverse events before T1 and between T1, T3, and T5 were measured with a parent interview at T1 and a semistructured interview (Event History Calendar) with the adolescent at T3 and T5. An adverse events score was calculated per wave. Body mass index z-scores were determined from objectively measured height and weight using the LMS (skewness, median, and coefficient of variation) reference curves of the International Obesity Task Force for children 18 years or younger. Data were analyzed using a modified bivariate autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation model.

Results
Adverse events before T1 and between T3 and T5 were related to BMI at T5 (β = 0.06, p = .001 and β = −0.04, p = .04, respectively). Specifically, health events before T1 were associated with a higher BMI at T5, and events related to relationships and victimhood events between T3 and T5 were associated with a lower BMI at T5.

Conclusions
Adverse relationship and victimhood events in their recent past were related to a lower BMI in young adults, whereas adverse health events during childhood were related to a higher BMI in young adults. No relationships were found between adverse life events with BMI in children and adolescents.
Differential phenotypic and genetic expression of defence compounds in a plant–herbivore interaction along elevation
Authors: Salgado Ana L. , Suchan Tomasz , Pellissier Loïc , Rasmann Sergio , Ducrest Anne-Lyse , Alvarez Nadir 
Published: September 2016

Elevation gradients impose large differences in abiotic and biotic conditions over short distances, in turn, likely driving differences in gene expression more than would genetic variationper se, as natural selection and drift are less likely to fix alleles at such a narrow spatial scale. As elevation increases, the pressure exerted on plants by herbivores and on arthropod herbivores by predators decreases, and organisms spanning the elevation gradient are thus expected to show lower levels of defence at high elevation. The alternative hypothesis, based on the optimal defence theory, is that defence allocation should be higher in low-resource habitats such as those at high elevation, due to higher costs associated with tissue replacement. In this study, we analyse variation with elevation in (i) defence compound content in the plantLotus corniculatusand (ii) gene expression associated with defence against predators in the specific phytophagous moth,Zygaena filipendulae. Both species produce cyanogenic glycosides (CNglcs) such as lotaustralin and linamarin as defence mechanisms, with the moth, in addition, being able to sequester CNglcs from its host plant. Specifically, we tested the assumption that the defence-associated phenotype in plants and the gene expression in the insect herbivore should covary between low- and high-elevation environments. We found thatL. corniculatusaccumulated more CNglcs at high elevation, a result in agreement with the optimal defence theory. By contrast, we found that the levels of expression in the defence genes ofZ. filipendulaelarvae were not related to the CNglc content of their host plant. Overall, expression levels were not correlated with elevation either, with the exception of theUGT33A1gene, which showed a marginally significant trend towards higher expression at high elevation when using a simple statistical framework. These results suggest that the defence phenotype of plants against herbivores, and subsequent herbivore sequestration machineries andde novoproduction, are based on a complex network of interactions.
Prevalence of Zika virus infection in wild African primates
Authors: Buechler Connor R. , Bailey Adam L. , Weiler Andrea M. , Barry Gabrielle L. , Jasinska Anna J. , Freimer Nelson B. , Apetrei Cristian , Phillips-Conroy Jane E. , Jolly Clifford J. , Rogers Jeffrey , Friedrich Thomas C. , O’Connor David H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe recent spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) is alarming due to its association with birth defects. Though the natural reservoir of ZIKV remains poorly defined, the virus was first described in a captive “sentinel” macaque in Africa. Here, we examined blood from 239 wild African monkeys and found variable seropositivity.
Pathway-based dissection of the genomic heterogeneity of cancer hallmarks’ acquisition with SLAPenrich
Authors: Iorio Francesco , Garcia-Alonso Luz , Brammeld Jonathan S. , Martincorena Iñigo , Wille David R. , McDermott Ultan , Saez-Rodriguez Julio 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTCancer hallmarks are evolutionary traits required by a tumour to develop. While extensively characterised, the way these traits are achieved through the accumulation of somatic mutations in key biological pathways is not fully understood. To shed light on this subject, we characterised the landscape of pathway alterations associated with somatic mutations observed in 4,415 patients across ten cancer types, using 374 orthogonal pathway gene-sets mapped onto canonical cancer hallmarks. Towards this end, we developed SLAPenrich: a computational method based on population-level statistics, freely available as an open source R package. Assembling the identified pathway alterations into sets of hallmark signatures allowed us to connect somatic mutations to clinically interpretable cancer mechanisms. Further, we explored the heterogeneity of these signatures, in terms of ratio of altered pathways associated with each individual hallmark, assuming that this is reflective of the extent of selective advantage provided to the cancer type under consideration. Our analysis revealed the predominance of certain hallmarks in specific cancer types, thus suggesting different evolutionary trajectories across cancer lineages.Finally, although many pathway alteration enrichments are guided by somatic mutations in frequently altered high-confidence cancer genes, excluding these driver mutations preserves the hallmark heterogeneity signatures, thus the detected hallmarks’ predominance across cancer types. As a consequence, we propose the hallmark signatures as a ground truth to characterise tails of infrequent genomic alterations and identify potential novel cancer driver genes and networks.
Real-time observation of replicative helicase assembly onto single-stranded DNA
Authors: Dulin David , Yu Zhongbo , Cui Tao Ju , Berghuis Bojk A. , Depken Martin , Dekker Nynke H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractReplicative helicases load onto DNA at the start of replication, and play a vital role by driving the replication fork forward. These helicases assemble into closed multimeric rings that need to encircle single-stranded (ss)DNA to be activated. Though helicase loading on substrates with accessible free ends has been well characterized for the T7 gp4 helicase, a model system for superfamily IV replicative helicases, the physiologically more relevant loading onto exposed ssDNA without free ends remains less well understood. Here, using a label-free assay that exploits changes in the DNA hairpin hopping dynamics to detect gp4 binding and activity, we characterize loading and activation of gp4 on exposed ssDNA without free ends, and find clear evidence of stepwise assembly of the helicase at the fork at physiologically relevant concentrations. The gradual loading onto ssDNA, rather than pre-forming in solution followed by spontaneous ring opening which appears favored at higher concentrations, suggests a new paradigm of stepwise assembly for the helicases in superfamily IV that do not require a separate loading enzyme.
The hemodynamic signal as a first-order low-pass temporal filter: Evidence and implications for neuroimaging studies
Authors: Sauvage Antoine , Hubert Guillaume , Touboul Jonathan , Ribot Jérôme 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNeuronal activation triggers blood flow and hemoglobin deoxygenation. These hemodynamic signals can be recorded through magnetic resonance or optical imaging, and allows inferring neural activity in response to stimuli. These techniques are widely used to uncover functional brain architectures. However, their accuracy suffers from distortions inherent to hemodynamic responses and noise. The analysis of these signals currently relies on models of impulse hemodynamic responses to brief stimuli. Here, in order to infer precise functional architectures, we focused on integrated signals associated to the dynamical response of functional maps. To this end, we recorded orientation and direction maps in cat primary visual cortex and confronted two protocols: the conventional episodic stimulation technique and a continuous, periodic stimulation paradigm. Conventional methods show that the dynamics of activation and deactivation of the functional maps follows a linear first-order differential equation representing a low-pass filter. Comparison with the periodic stimulation methods confirmed this observation: the phase shifts and magnitude attenuations extracted at various frequencies were consistent with a low-pass filter with a 5 s time constant. This dynamics open new avenues in the analysis of neuroimaging data that differs from common methods based on the hemodynamic response function. In particular, we demonstrate that inverting this first-order low-pass filter minimized the distortions of the signal and enabled a much faster and accurate reconstruction of functional maps.
DNA Compass: a secure, client-side site for navigating personal genetic information
Authors: Curnin Charles , Gordon Assaf , Erlich Yaniv 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMotivationMillions of individuals have access to raw genomic data using direct-to-consumer companies. The advent of large-scale sequencing projects, such as the Precision Medicine Initiative, will further increase the number of individuals with access to their own genomic information. However, querying genomic data requires a computer terminal – an impediment for the general public.ResultsDNA Compass is a website designed to empower the public by enabling simple navigation of personal genomic data. Users can query the status of their genomic variants for over 400 conditions or tens of millions of documented SNPs. DNA Compass presents the relevant genotypes of the user side-by-side with explanatory scientific resources. The genotypes data never leaves the user’s computer, a feature that provides improved security and performance. Nearly 2500 unique users have used our tool, mainly from the general genetic genealogy community, demonstrating its utility.AvailabilityDNA Compass is freely available onhttps://compass.dna.land.Contactyaniv@cs.columbia.edu