bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feedback-regulated seed black hole growth in star-forming molecular clouds and galactic nuclei
Authors: Shi Yanlong , Kremer Kyle , Hopkins Philip F. 
Published: September 2024

Context. The detection of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in high-redshift luminous quasars may require a phase of rapid accretion, and as a precondition, substantial gas influx toward seed black holes (BHs) from kiloparsec or parsec scales. Our previous research demonstrated the plausibility of such gas supply for BH seeds within star-forming giant molecular clouds (GMCs) with high surface density (∼104 M⊙ pc−2), facilitating “hyper-Eddington” accretion via efficient feeding by dense clumps, which are driven by turbulence and stellar feedback.
Aims. This article presents an investigation of the impacts of feedback from accreting BHs on this process, including radiation, mechanical jets, and highly relativistic cosmic rays.
Methods. We ran a suite of numerical simulations to explore diverse parameter spaces of BH feedback, including the subgrid accretion model, feedback energy efficiency, mass loading factor, and initial metallicity.
Results. Using radiative feedback models inferred from the slim disk, we find that hyper-Eddington accretion is still achievable, yielding BH bolometric luminosities of as high as 1041 − 1044 erg/s, depending on the GMC properties and specific feedback model assumed. We find that the maximum possible mass growth of seed BHs
(ΔMmax
BH)
is regulated by the momentum-deposition rate from BH feedback,
ṗfeedback/(ṀBHc), which leads to an analytic scaling that agrees well with simulations. This scenario predicts the rapid formation of ∼104 M⊙ intermediate-massive BHs (IMBHs) from stellar-mass BHs within ∼1 Myr. Furthermore, we examine the impacts of subgrid accretion models and how BH feedback may influence star formation within these cloud complexes.
The Relationship Between Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ross Emily J , Shanahan Mackenzie L , Joseph Ellen , Reynolds John M , Jimenez Daniel E , Abreu Maria T , Carrico Adam W 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
There is clear evidence that loneliness and social isolation have profound health consequences. Documenting the associations of loneliness and social isolation with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms, disease severity, and treatment outcomes could meaningfully improve health and quality of life in patients with IBD.

Purpose
The purpose of this narrative review was to synthesize the empirical evidence on the associations of loneliness and social isolation with IBD symptoms, disease severity, and treatment outcomes.

Methods
Articles were identified through systematic database searches. Quantitative studies that enrolled patients with IBD were included if they examined one of the following outcomes: (a) loneliness or social isolation or (b) IBD-related symptoms, disease severity, or treatment outcomes.

Results
We identified 1,816 articles after removing duplicates. Of the 18 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 15 were cross-sectional and 3 were longitudinal. Overall, studies found that loneliness was associated with greater disease activity, functional gastrointestinal symptoms, IBD illness stigma, depressive symptoms, daily IBD symptom burden, reduced resilience, and poorer quality of life. Social isolation was associated with higher prevalence of IBD hospitalizations, premature mortality, and depression.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that loneliness and social isolation are associated with poorer health and quality of life in patients with IBD. Prospective cohort studies examining the biobehavioral mechanisms accounting for the associations of loneliness and social isolation with IBD-related outcomes are needed to guide the development of psychological interventions for individuals living with IBD.
Validation of monocyte CD169 expression as a valuable rapid diagnostic marker of SARS-CoV-2 and other acute viral infections
Authors: Pratesi Chiara , De Rosa Rita , Pivetta Eliana , Vattamattathil Kathreena , Malipiero Giacomo , Fontana Desré Ethel , Basaglia Giancarlo , Doretto Paolo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Acute infectious diseases are some of the most common reasons for receiving medical care, and analysis of the host immune response is an attractive approach for their diagnosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential usefulness of CD169 expression on peripheral monocytes (mCD169) as a marker of viral-associated host immune response.

Methods
In a large mono-institutional cohort of 4,025 patients evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) and other viral infections, mCD169 analysis was performed by rapid flow cytometry assay.

Results
Increased mCD169 values (median, 17.50; IQR, 8.40-25.72) were found in 1,631 patients with CoV2+ acute infection compared to 2,394 in CoV2– patients (median, 2.35; IQR, 2.0-3.25) (odds ratio [OR], 21.84; 95% CI ,17.53-27.21; P &lt; .001). Among CoV2– patients, 1,484 (62.0%) were assessed for other viral infections, and viral etiology was laboratory confirmed in 428 patients (CoV2– Vir+), with RNA viruses most frequently detected (94.6%). Higher levels of mCD169 were also confirmed in CoV2– Vir+ compared to CoV2– Vir– patients (OR, 10.05; 95% CI, 7.35-13.74; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
mCD169 analysis by rapid flow cytometry assay may be a sensitive broad marker useful for the rapid triage of patients with suspected acute viral infections and could potentially be directly applied to eventual new emergent viral outbreaks.
Quality and access outcomes in 2 Veterans Health Administration facilities with fidelity to the comprehensive medication management framework
Authors: Gould Kyleigh , Shawn McFarland M , Seckel Ellina , Tran Michael , Ourth Heather , Morreale Anthony 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Utilization of clinical pharmacists providing comprehensive medication management (CMM) has been shown to improve the quadruple aim of healthcare. Lack of fidelity surrounding CMM practice standardization components has led to heterogeneity in interpretation of clinical pharmacist outcomes. We compared 2 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities with the patient-aligned care team (PACT) Platinum Practice designation in terms of clinical pharmacist practitioner (CPP) access and care quality relative to national CPP averages.

Methods
All data was extracted from the VHA Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) and reports derived from data within the CDW. Within the fiscal year 2019-2020 timeframe, the PACT Platinum Practice facilities were assessed against a national average comparator on quality and access metrics using electronic VHA databases that capture data on patient visits with a CPP. For the evaluation of care quality, an electronic composite score of diabetes and hypertension metrics was used. Third next available appointment for the primary care provider (PCP) and CPP utilization were used as measures of access.

Results
Compared to national averages, the PACT Platinum Practice facilities had a higher proportion of patients meeting the evaluated quality metric across all months of the study period. For access, the mean time to the third next available primary care appointment was lower for the PACT Platinum Practice facilities compared to the national average. PACT Platinum sites had CPP utilization rates higher than national averages across the study period, and these rates remained stable.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated improved quality and access outcomes for 2 VA medical centers designated as PACT Platinum Practice sites relative to national averages. This is important because these practices have been evaluated and shown to have fidelity with the CMM practice management component. Evaluation of outcomes removing the element of practice heterogeneity allows for a more standardized comparison of outcome measures.
We-intentions and immunity to error through misidentification
Authors: Petersson Björn 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
When I intend to J, I may be wrong about what I intend but not about who intends it. In this sense, action intentions appear immune to error. A standard explanation of this immunity is that the subject of the intention is not represented in the content of the intention in the first place. When I think that we intend to J, it seems obvious that I can misjudge who ‘we’ are. This may seem to indicate that the ‘we’ must be represented in the content of the intention. This argument from misidentification is an objection against purely perspectival accounts of the distinction between I- and we-intentions. However, in several relevant respects we-intentions and I-intentions are on a par in relation to errors in identification, and the argument from misidentification against the perspectival account of the distinction backfires.
Investment protection standards: Can EU law fill the shoes of investment treaties?
Authors: Burgstaller Markus , Negret Auriane 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The termination of Bilateral Investment Treaties (‘BITs’) concluded between Member States of the European Union (‘EU’) raises the question of whether investments by an investor from an EU Member State in another Member State (‘intra-EU’ investments) are sufficiently protected under EU law. By comparing investment protection standards of intra-EU investments under EU law with the standards usually found in investment treaties, this article offers an analysis of whether the termination of intra-EU BITs creates a legal vacuum for investment protection within the EU. It then goes on to analyse whether the freedom of establishment—an EU law concept with no equivalent in investment treaties—and the proportionality principle can plug some of the gaps in investment protection identified in our comparative analysis.
ChatGPT as a fourth arbitrator? The ethics and risks of using large language models in arbitration
Authors: Moreira João Ilhão , Zhang Jiawei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have the potential to significantly change how arbitral proceedings are conducted by aiding arbitrators in performing case analyses, drafting decisions, and undertaking legal research; this may enable arbitrators to render high-quality decisions more quickly. However, the use of LLMs in arbitration comes with potential risks due to a lack of reliability and confidentiality concerns, which, to an extent, can be mitigated. Beyond this, the use of LLMs in arbitration raises a more specific concern: whether the use of these models is compatible with the scope of the personal mandate of arbitrators. Given that arbitrators are bound to solve disputes themselves and are generally not allowed to delegate this duty to third parties, the arbitral community must establish clear standards regarding the use of LLMs. This article proposes evaluating the acceptability of using LLMs in arbitration based on the particular task of the arbitral tribunal in question. An arbitral tribunal must handle its core tasks of materially deciding a dispute without recourse to these models. However, ancillary tasks that may influence the outcome may be accomplished with the support of LLMs, provided that disclosure and consent of parties are ensured. Tasks that have no bearing on the outcome may be accomplished with the support of an LLM at the arbitral tribunal’s discretion.
Rehabilitating homonymous visual field deficits: white matter markers of recovery—stage 1 registered report
Authors: Willis Hanna E , Cavanaugh Matthew R , Ajina Sara , Pestilli Franco , Tamietto Marco , Huxlin Krystel R , Watkins Kate E , Bridge Holly 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) or its afferent white matter tracts results in loss of vision in the contralateral visual field that can present as homonymous visual field deficits. Recent evidence suggests that visual training in the blind field can partially reverse blindness at trained locations. However, the efficacy of visual training to improve vision is highly variable across subjects, and the reasons for this are poorly understood. It is likely that variance in residual functional or structural neural circuitry following the insult may underlie the variation among patients. Many patients with visual field deficits retain residual visual processing in their blind field, termed ‘blindsight’, despite a lack of awareness. Previous research indicates that an intact structural and functional connection between the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the human extrastriate visual motion-processing area (hMT+) is necessary for blindsight to occur. We therefore predict that changes in this white matter pathway will underlie improvements in motion discrimination training. Twenty stroke survivors with unilateral, homonymous field defects from retro-geniculate brain lesions will complete 6 months of motion discrimination training at home. Visual training will involve performing two daily sessions of a motion discrimination task, at two non-overlapping locations in the blind field, at least 5 days per week. Motion discrimination and integration thresholds, Humphrey perimetry and structural and diffusion-weighted MRI will be collected pre- and post-training. Changes in fractional anisotropy will be analysed in two visual tracts: (i) between the ipsilesional dLGN and hMT+ and (ii) between the ipsilesional dLGN and V1. The (non-visual) tract between the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus (VPL) and the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) will be analysed as a control. Tractographic changes will be compared to improvements in motion discrimination and Humphrey perimetry-derived metrics. We predict that (i) improved motion discrimination performance will be directly related to increased fractional anisotropy in the pathway between ipsilesional dLGN and hMT+ and (ii) improvements in Humphrey perimetry will be related to increased fractional anisotropy in the dLGN-V1 pathway. There should be no relationship between behavioural measures and changes in fractional anisotropy in the VPL-S1 pathway. This study has the potential to lead to greater understanding of the white matter microstructure of pathways underlying the behavioural outcomes resulting from visual training in retro-geniculate strokes. Understanding the neural mechanisms that underlie visual rehabilitation is fundamental to the development of more targeted and thus effective treatments for this underserved patient population.
Strengthening community empowerment initiatives as a route to greater equity: an English case study
Authors: Heaton Linda , Halliday Emma , Wheeler Paula , Ring Adele , Kaloudis Harris , Popay Jennie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Community empowerment is prominent in global and national policies that aim to increase social and health equity. This paper describes the pathways through which community empowerment could in theory contribute to greater equity and highlights concerns about the potential for current initiatives to deliver positive impacts. Understanding and addressing imbalances in power, valuing knowledge people acquire from their experience of inequalities and supporting people to build alliances beyond the boundaries of their own communities can all contribute to addressing some of the limitations of contemporary empowerment initiatives.
An initiative in nine disadvantaged neighbourhoods in NW England sought to address these concerns, through a Community Research and Engagement Network (COREN). The initiative aimed to enhance and direct collective capabilities at action on social inequalities driving health inequalities. The COREN model explicitly considered how local power dynamics could be shifted to enable residents to operate as equals alongside other actors and how their experiential knowledge could be valued as equal to that of professionals and academics. An evaluation highlighted how the COREN had contributed to positive impacts including perceived influence, social connections and feeling valued, alongside cultural, economic, environmental and governance impacts. However, local empowerment initiatives can only be part of the solution to social and health inequalities, as the root causes of these inequalities lie outside the control of people living and working in disadvantaged areas.
Effect of homestead land titling programme on most vulnerable Adivasis: the case of the Lodhas of West Bengal
Authors: Biswas Sudipta , Pal Sukumar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
India has seventy-five extremely vulnerable tribal communities that are officially recognized as particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs). Certain studies have highlighted their vulnerabilities rooted in their deprivation of land and forest resources. However, any study focusing on their rights to homestead lands is unknown. This article situates the Lodhas of West Bengal (India)—the largest PVTG in the state—as the most vulnerable Adivasi and examines the effect of Nijo-Griha-Nijo-Bhumi, a state-run homestead land titling programme, on their life. Drawing on primary data, the study offers valuable insights into various qualitative transformations experienced by this community. In conclusion, the article contends that integrating a community empowerment approach into homestead land titling programmes can yield more positive outcomes towards mitigating their vulnerabilities.
Classically time-controlled quantum automata: definition and properties
Authors: Díaz-Caro Alejandro , Villagra Marcos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce classically time-controlled quantum automata or classically time-controlled quantum automaton (CTQA), which is a reasonable modification of Moore–Crutchfield quantum finite automata that uses time-dependent evolution and a ‘scheduler’ defining how long each Hamiltonian will run. Surprisingly enough, time-dependent evolution provides a significant change in the computational power of quantum automata with respect to a discrete quantum model. Indeed, we show that if a scheduler is not computationally restricted, then a CTQA could even decide the Halting problem. In order to unearth the computational capabilities of CTQAs, we study the case of a computationally restricted scheduler. In particular, we showed that depending on the type of restriction imposed on the scheduler, a CTQA can (i) recognize non-regular languages with cut-point, even in the presence of Karp–Lipton advice, and (ii) recognize non-regular promise languages with bounded-error. Furthermore, we study the cutpoint-union of cutpoint languages by introducing a new model of Moore–Crutchfield quantum finite automata with a rotating tape head. CTQA presents itself as a new model of computation that provides a different approach to a formal study of ‘classical control, quantum data’ schemes in quantum computing.
Reliable broadcasting-based content acquisition for named data MANETs
Authors: Kuang Jian , Xie Bailin , Luo Jianzhen , Li Jianhong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Traditional IP-based unicast routing cannot utilize the inherent broadcast property of wireless network, and unicast path can be broken down frequently due to node mobility. Based on the nature of named data networking (NDN) which faces “content” rather than “host”, broadcast mode can be applied for content delivery in named data mobile ad hoc networks (ND-MANETs). However, since there are no acknowledgment and retransmission mechanisms in the broadcast mode of IEEE 802.11 protocol, it would cause the problem of transmission unreliability. Moreover, if all forwarding nodes transmit packet concurrently, it can easily lead to collision and redundancy. This paper presents a reliable broadcasting-based content acquisition scheme for highly dynamic ND-MANETs, which makes full use of the inherent broadcast nature of wireless network, and solves the unreliability, collision, and redundancy problems. We define Transmission Reliability Degree ($TRD$) for broadcast mode, and estimate its value through Markov model. A content-oriented and $TRD$ of sending node-based resend algorithm is proposed to improve reliability of broadcast transmission. An area divided and $TRD$ of receiving node-based reforwarding algorithm is proposed to reduce collision and redundancy. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed mechanism.
Honey bees and bumble bees react differently to nitrogen-induced increases in floral resources
Authors: Mu Junpeng , Che Peiyue , Li Dawei , Chen Juanli , Zhao Chuan , Grozinger Christina M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Atmospheric and soil nitrogen levels are increasing across the world. Nitrogen addition can alter vegetative and flower traits, including flowering phenology, floral production, and flower morphology, and the quantity and quality of floral rewards such as nectar. However, it is not well understood if and how these changes in floral traits will affect foraging preferences and pollination by different pollinator species. We hypothesized that honey bees (Apis mellifera) would exhibit a preference for plants with increased numbers of flowers, while bumble bees (Bombus spp.) would exhibit a preference for plants with increased nectar production as a result of soil nitrogen addition. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of varying nitrogen supply levels (e.g., 0, 4, 8 kg N ha−1 yr−1 of N0, N4, and N8) on the vegetative and floral traits of a perennial plant (Saussurea nigrescens), as well as the visitation rates of introduced managed honey bees (A. mellifera) and the native wild bumble bees. The results showed that adding nitrogen increased the number of flowers and nectar production. However, honey bees and bumble bees were responding to different floral resources that induced by nitrogen addition, with honey bees prioritizing the number of flowers and bumble bees prioritizing nectar quantity. The findings shed new light on how plants and pollinators interact when nitrogen is added, as well as how pollinator communities will be affected in the future.
Recurrent acute myocardial and renal infarction with aplastic anaemia/paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria syndrome: a case report
Authors: Kato Yuta , Hadase Mitsuyoshi , Nakamura Takashi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Aplastic anaemia (AA) is known to progress to paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) during treatment, and thrombosis is a characteristic symptom of PNH. This case report investigates a case of repeated and rapidly progressive multiple arterial thrombosis due to PNH.

Case Summary
This case is a 24-year-old woman undergoing treatment for AA. She presented with chest pain and underwent emergency coronary angiography. Thrombus occlusion was found in the distal portion of the right coronary artery, acute myocardial infarction was diagnosed and percutaneous coronary intervention was performed. Thrombus aspiration and balloon dilation were performed. Anticoagulants were administered, but chest pain flared up again on Day 9; coronary angiography was performed, indicating that the proximal portion of the right coronary artery had caused occlusion. On Days 9 and 24, she experienced back pain and was diagnosed with renal infarction. Considering that AA had evolved into PNH and intravascular haemolysis and thrombosis appeared, the diagnosis of PNH was made via flow cytometry. Multiple arterial thrombosis due to PNH was diagnosed, and ravulizumab treatment was started, resulting in the improvement of thrombus progression, chest pain, and back pain.

Discussion
Thrombosis due to PNH can recur even after the administration of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents and has been associated with a high fatality rate. The treatment with ravulizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against complement C5, helps with the prevention of thrombosis. Furthermore, anti-complement component C5 therapy is very effective in improving rapidly progressive multiple arterial thrombosis resistant to anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents due to PNH.