bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT DESIGN ON OPPORTUNITIES FOR WELLBEING IN CARE HOMES
Authors: McIntyre Lesley J , Harrison Ian Ruaraidh 
Published: November 2017

The built environment influences the wellbeing of older people in care homes. In order to design for enablement, physical activity, and social connectivity there are lessons to be learnt from current care home buildings. Uncovering this design information is key for the future improvement of environments for older people. To the field of architecture, this paper presents an analysis of ethnographic observations (utilising an adapted form of the AEIOU heuristic) from five urban care homes in the UK. Findings provide insight into the qualities of the built environment that have impact on the activity and potential wellbeing of older residents. Five significant qualities of the built environment are identified: Spatial Legibility, Spatial Interconnectedness, Spatial Traversability, Spatial Diversity, and Spatial Aesthetics.
Vitruvian Character: The Case of the Egyptian Museum
Authors: Asfour Khaled 
Published: November 2017

In Vitruvius’ treatise, what makes good architecture is its ability to communicate to the public particular messages that reflects the program of the building with spaces and components arranged in an orderly way. According to Vitruvius these messages when acknowledges by the public the building posses strong character. This research discusses this idea by reflecting on the 1895 competition of the Egyptian Museum project. Marcel Dourgnon, the French architect of the winning scheme, showed profound understanding of character resulting in a building that had positive vibe with the local community. Today Vitruvius’ idea is still living with us. Norman Foster succeeded in upgrading the British Museum in a way that addressed all cultures of the world through his grand atrium design. Similarly, Emad Farid and Ramez Azmy revived the presence of the Egyptian Museum in public cognition. Spatial experience that evokes similar perceptions to all its visitors is a timeless piece that transcends cultural boundaries.
Understanding the current state of the NFC payment ecosystem: A graphbased analysis of market players and their relations
Authors: Moscoso Zea Oswaldo , Lekse Dominik , Smith Andrew , Holstein Lars 
Published: November 2017

El reciente desarrollo de la tecnología Near Field Communication (NFC) ha permitido la aparición de servicios de pago a través de teléfonos celulares. Además, esta innovación tecnológica ha iniciado una evolución continua relativa a las operaciones de pago. Las empresas y los investigadores proyectan que la función predominante de las tarjetas de crédito serán progresivamente sustituidos por dispositivos móviles. En este trabajo se describe en detalle NFC y se realiza un análisis de red basado en gráficos para determinar los participantesy las industrias involucradas en la red, así como las relaciones, incluyendo los conflictos, cooperaciones o alianzas entre los actores.Abstract:The recent development of Near Field Communication (NFC) technology has enabled the emergence of payment services using mobile phones. Furthermore, this technological innovation initiated an ongoing evolution concerning payment transactions. Companies and researchers project that the prevalent function of credit cards will be progressively substituted by mobile devices. In this paper NFC is described in detail and a graphed based network analysis is performed to determine players and industries involved in the network as well as the relations, including conflicts, cooperation, or alliances between these actors.
Sistema de indicadores de gestión para pymes, sector metalmecánico
Authors: Viteri Sánchez Cristina , Viteri Moya Jorge , Matute Déleg Edison 
Published: November 2017

(Recibido: 2013/03/05 - Aceptado: 2013/03/25)El presente trabajo se centró en el diseño y propuesta de indicadores de gestión para las pequeñas y medianas industrias (pymes) metalmecánicas en la ciudad de Quito. Se identificó el número de metalmecánicas para el estudio. Mediante análisis se conoció el funcionamiento de las empresas y se determinó qué áreas merecen ser permanentemente monitoreadas, para ello se empleó herramientas como el análisis DAFO, entrevistas y reuniones con los gerentes de las empresas, cuyos resultados demandaron el planteamiento de una estrategia genérica, que abarcó la formulación de la misión, visión, y valores corporativos. Se establecieron objetivos y metas, estos fueron clasificados de acuerdo a las cuatro perspectivas del Cuadro de Mando Integral. Luego se procedió a determinar los indicadores que permitan medir el funcionamiento correcto de la estrategia a emplearse. Se propusieron 10 indicadores de gestión, de acuerdo al análisis de la realidad de las metalmecánicas. Se definieron 3 indicadores financieros, 2 indicadores enfocados al cliente, 3 indicadores para controlar los procesos internos y 2 direccionados a la perspectiva de formación y crecimiento. La utilización de estos indicadores es la clave del desempeño y el control de procesos en cada metalmecánica.
Posibles riesgos para la salud debido al consumo de aspartame
Authors: Guerrero Villegas Teresa , Mora Flores Galo 
Published: November 2017

(Recibido: 2014/03/09 - Aceptado: 2014/06/27)Los edulcorantes son compuestos que confieren el sabor dulce a alimentos, bebidas y medicamentos. El aspartame es uno de los más utilizados en la actualidad; su metabolismo produce fenilalanina, ácido aspártico y metanol. El propósito de esta investigación fue revisar la literatura científica sobre los niveles de consumo permitidos, toxicología y estudios epidemiológicos del aspartame. La Directiva del Parlamento Europeo lo aprobó como aditivo alimentario en 1994 y la FDA, en 1996. El Comité Mixto FAO / OMS de Expertos en Aditivos Alimentarios y la FDA fijaron la ingestión diaria admisible en 40 y 50 mg / kg de peso corporal / día, respectivamente. El edulcorante y sus productos de degradación han sido evaluados por más de 30 años con la intervención de numerosas organizaciones internacionales. Sin embargo, aún existe controversia sobre su uso porque hay investigaciones cuyos resultados le atribuyen efectos secundarios neuropsíquicos, tumores cerebrales, propiedades cancerígenas para diferentes órganos, daños para el feto durante la gestación, desarrollo de linfomas y leucemias, mientras que otros investigadores aseguran que su uso es inocuo para los seres humanos si el consumo es menor que la ingestión diaria admisible. No es recomendado para personas con fenilcetonuria y mujeres embarazadas.
Diversidad microbiana asociada a la chicha de arroz: una bebida tradicional de Bolívar - Ecuador
Authors: Pazmiño Diana , Escudero Micaela , Grijalva Nubia 
Published: November 2017

(Recibido: 2014/08/01 - Aceptado: 2014/09/22)La provincia de Bolívar se encuentra ubicada en el centro-occidente del Ecuador. Las principales bebidas tradicionales que allí se producen son los aguardientes y las chichas; entre ellas sobresale la chicha de arroz. En una primera etapa, se evaluaron muestras de chicha de arroz (en los puntos de venta) de diferentes productores de la provincia; se realizaron recuentos microbiológicos y análisis físico-químicos. En la segunda etapa, se aislaron e identificaron enterobacterias, bacterias ácido lácticas, mohos y levaduras, en tres fases del proceso de elaboración (inicial, fermentativo y final). Para todos los microorganismos se realizaron descripciones macroscópicas y microscópicas. La identificación de enterobacterias y bacterias ácido lácticas se realizó mediante pruebas bioquímicas, para los mohos se realizó una identificación microscópica mediante tinción con azul de lactofenol y para las levaduras se usó el kit API 20 C AUX. En relación a los recuentos se obtuvieron en promedio valores de 2.7 y 2.5 log UFC/ml de coliformes totales y enterobacterias respetivamente, 1.8 log UFC/ml de bacterias ácido lácticas y 2.5 log UFC/ml de Mohos y levaduras. Se identificaron en las tres fases: 13 cepas de enterobacterias, 9 cepas de bacterias ácido lácticas, 15 cepas de mohos y 6 cepas de levaduras.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for jugular foramen schwannomas: an international multicenter study
Authors: Kano Hideyuki , Meola Antonio , Yang Huai-che , Guo Wan-Yuo , Martínez-Alvarez Roberto , Martínez-Moreno Nuria , Urgosik Dusan , Liscak Roman , Cohen-Inbar Or , Sheehan Jason , Lee John Y. K. , Abbassy Mahmoud , Barnett Gene H. , Mathieu David , Kondziolka Douglas , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVEFor some jugular foramen schwannomas (JFSs), complete resection is possible but may be associated with significant morbidity. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a minimally invasive alternative or adjunct to microsurgery for JFSs. The authors reviewed clinical and imaging outcomes of SRS for patients with these tumors.METHODSNine participating centers of the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation identified 92 patients who underwent SRS between 1990 and 2013. Forty-one patients had prior subtotal microsurgical resection. The median interval between previous surgery and SRS was 15 months (range 0.5–144 months). Eighty-four patients had preexisting cranial nerve (CN) symptoms and signs. The median tumor volume was 4.1 cm3 (range 0.8–22.6 cm3), and the median margin dose was 12.5 Gy (range 10–18 Gy). Patients with neurofibromatosis were excluded from this study.RESULTSThe median follow-up was 51 months (range 6–266 months). Tumors regressed in 47 patients, remained stable in 33, and progressed in 12. The progression-free survival (PFS) was 93% at 3 years, 87% at 5 years, and 82% at 10 years. In the entire series, only a dumbbell shape (extension extracranially via the jugular foramen) was significantly associated with worse PFS. In the group of patients without prior microsurgery (n = 51), factors associated with better PFS included tumor volume < 6 cm3 (p = 0.037) and non–dumbbell-shaped tumors (p = 0.015). Preexisting cranial neuropathies improved in 27 patients, remained stable in 51, and worsened in 14. The CN function improved after SRS in 12% of patients at 1 year, 24% at 2 years, 27% at 3 years, and 32% at 5 years. Symptomatic adverse radiation effects occurred in 7 patients at a median of 7 months after SRS (range 5–38 months). Six patients underwent repeat SRS at a median of 64 months (range 44–134 months). Four patients underwent resection at a median of 14 months after SRS (range 8–30 months).CONCLUSIONSStereotactic radiosurgery proved to be a safe and effective primary or adjuvant management approach for JFSs. Long-term tumor control rates and stability or improvement in CN function were confirmed.
Loss of mechanosensitive sclerostin may accelerate cranial bone growth and regeneration
Authors: Kang Kyung Shin , Lastfogel Jeff , Ackerman Laurie L. , Jea Andrew , Robling Alexander G. , Tholpady Sunil S. 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVECranial defects can result from trauma, infection, congenital malformations, and iatrogenic causes and represent a surgical challenge. The current standard of care is cranioplasty, with either autologous or allogeneic material. In either case, the intrinsic vascularity of the surrounding tissues allows for bone healing. The objective of this study was to determine if mechanotransductive gene manipulation would yield non–weight-bearing bone regeneration in a critical size calvarial defect in mice.METHODSA mouse model of Sost deletion in Sost knockout (KO) mice was created in which the osteocytes do not express sclerostin. A critical size calvarial defect (4 mm in diameter) was surgically created in the parietal bone in 8-week-old wild-type (n = 8) and Sost KO (n = 8) male mice. The defects were left undisturbed (no implant or scaffold) to simulate a traumatic calvariectomy model. Eight weeks later, the animals were examined at necropsy by planimetry, histological analysis of new bone growth, and micro-CT scanning of bone thickness.RESULTSDefects created in wild-type mice did not fill with bone over the study period of 2 months. Genetic downregulation of sclerostin yielded animals that were able to regenerate 40% of the initial critical size defect area 8 weeks after surgery. A thin layer of bone covered a significant portion of the original defect in all Sost KO animals. A statistically significant increase in bone volume (p < 0.05) was measured in Sost KO mice using radiodensitometric analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis also confirmed that this bone regeneration occurred through the Wnt pathway and originated from the edge of the defect; BMP signaling did not appear to be affected by sclerostin.CONCLUSIONSMechanical loading is an important mechanism of bone formation in the cranial skeleton and is poorly understood. This is partially due to the fact that it is difficult to load bone in the craniomaxillofacial skeleton. This study suggests that modulation of the Wnt pathway, as is able to be done with monoclonal antibodies, is a potentially efficacious method for bone regeneration that requires further study.
The timing of venous thromboembolic events after spine surgery: a single-center experience with 6869 consecutive patients
Authors: Cloney Michael B. , Hopkins Benjamin , Dhillon Ekamjeet S. , Dahdaleh Nader S. 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVEVenous thromboembolic events (VTEs), including both deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality after spine surgery. Prophylactic anticoagulation, or chemoprophylaxis, can prevent VTE. However, the timing of VTEs after spine surgery and the effect of chemoprophylaxis on VTE timing remain underinvestigated.METHODSThe records of 6869 consecutive spine surgeries were retrospectively examined. Data on patient demographics, surgical variables, hospital course, and timing of VTEs were collected. Patients who received chemoprophylaxis were compared with those who did not. Appropriate regression models were used to examine selection for chemoprophylaxis and the timing of VTEs.RESULTSAge (OR 1.037, 95% CI 1.023–1.051; p < 0.001), longer surgery (OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.002–1.004; p < 0.001), history of DVT (OR 1.697, 95% CI 1.038–2.776; p = 0.035), and fusion surgery (OR 1.917, 95% CI 1.356–2.709; p < 0.001) predicted selection for chemoprophylaxis. Chemoprophylaxis patients experienced more VTEs (3.62% vs 2.03% of patients, respectively; p < 0.001), and also required longer hospital stays (5.0 days vs 1.0 days; HR 0.5107; p < 0.0001) and had a greater time to the occurrence of VTE (median 6.8 days vs 3.6 days; HR 0.6847; p = 0.0003). The cumulative incidence of VTEs correlated with the postoperative day in both groups (Spearman r = 0.9746, 95% CI 0.9457–0.9883, and p < 0.0001 for the chemoprophylaxis group; Spearman r = 0.9061, 95% CI 0.8065–0.9557, and p < 0.0001 for the nonchemoprophylaxis group), and the cumulative incidence of VTEs was higher in the nonchemoprophylaxis group throughout the 30-day postoperative period. Cumulative VTE incidence and postoperative day were linearly correlated in the first 2 postoperative weeks (R = 0.9396 and p < 0.0001 for the chemoprophylaxis group; R = 0.8190 and p = 0.0003 for the nonchemoprophylaxis group) and the remainder of the 30-day postoperative period (R = 0.9535 and p < 0.0001 for the chemoprophylaxis group; R = 0.6562 and p = 0.0058 for the nonchemoprophylaxis group), but the linear relationships differ between these 2 postoperative periods (p < 0.0001 for both groups).CONCLUSIONSAnticoagulation reduces the cumulative incidence of VTE after spine surgery. The cumulative incidence of VTEs rises linearly in the first 2 postoperative weeks and then plateaus. Surgeons should consider early initiation of chemoprophylaxis for patients undergoing spine surgery.
Patient Preferences for Treatments of Neuromuscular Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Landfeldt Erik , Edström Josefin , Lindgren Peter , Lochmüller Hanns 
Published: November 2017

Background: Treatment decisions of neuromuscular diseases involve weighing clinical benefits and risks, as well as impact on patient social life, work status, other activities of daily living, and health-related quality of life. Objective: To conduct a systemic literature review of patient preferences for treatments of neuromuscular diseases. Methods: We searched Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed for full-text articles reporting results from studies of patient preferences for treatments of neuromuscular diseases. We excluded articles published before the year 2000, articles written in a language other than English, articles only reporting proxy-assessments of patient preferences, and studies reporting results for a sample comprising <5 patients. Results: The search resulted in the identification of 305 unique publications. Of these, 275 were excluded following title and abstract screening and 23 following full-text review. Seven articles were included for data synthesis. Preference data were identified for a hypothetical treatment with pulmonary benefits of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy, pathways for different routes of opioid drug administration in motor neuron disease, wheelchair features in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ankle foot orthoses in patients with Charcot Marie Tooth disease, and mechanical ventilation in ALS and a mixed cohort of patients with neuromuscular diseases. Conclusions: Despite considerable research into the development of new health technologies targeting neuromuscular diseases, little is known of patients’ preferences for pharmacological interventions. More research is needed to help incorporate patient preferences in clinical decision-making to improve treatment satisfaction, medication compliance, and health outcomes.
Search for Intra-day Optical Variability in Mrk 501
Authors: Feng Hai-Cheng , Liu H. T. , Fan X. L. , Zhao 赵 Yinghe 应和 , Bai J. M. , Wang Fang , Xiong D. R. , Li S. K. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present our observations of the optical intra-day variability (IDV) in γ-ray BL Lac object Mrk 501. The observations were run with the 1.02 m and 2.4 m optical telescopes at Yunnan Observatories from 2005 April to 2012 May. The light curve at the R band on 2010 May 15 passes both variability tests (the F-test and the ANOVA test). A flare within the light curve on 2010 May 15 has a magnitude change of

mag, a darkening timescale of

minutes, and an amplitude of IDV

. A decline described by 11 consecutive flux measurements within the flare can be fitted linearly with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 0.945 at the confidence level of

. Under the assumptions that the IDV is tightly connected to the mass of the black hole, and that the flare duration, being two times

, is representative of the minimum characteristic timescale, we can derive upper bounds to the mass of the black hole. In the case of the Kerr black hole, the timescale of

hr gives

, which is consistent with measurements reported in the literature. This agreement indicates that the hypothesis about

and

is consistent with the measurements/data.
Constraints on the Distance Moduli, Helium, and Metal Abundances, and Ages of Globular Clusters from Their RR Lyrae and Non-variable Horizontal Branch Stars. II. Multiple Stellar Populations in 47 Tuc, M3, and M13
Authors: Denissenkov Pavel A. , VandenBerg Don A. , Kopacki Grzegorz , Ferguson Jason W. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present a new set of horizontal branch (HB) models computed with the MESA stellar evolution code. The models adopt α-enhanced Asplund et al. metal mixtures and include the gravitational settling of He. They are used in our HB population synthesis tool to generate theoretical distributions of HB stars in order to describe the multiple stellar populations in the globular clusters 47 Tuc, M3, and M13. The observed HB in 47 Tuc is reproduced very well by our simulations for

and

if the initial helium mass fraction varies by

, and approximately 21%, 37%, and 42% of the stars have

, 0.270, and 0.287, respectively. These simulations yield

, implying an age near 13.0 Gyr. In the case of M3 and M13, our synthetic HBs for

and

match the observed ones quite well if M3 has

and

, resulting in an age of 12.6 Gyr, whereas M13 has

and

, implying an age of 12.9 Gyr. Mass loss during giant branch evolution and

appear to be the primary second parameters for M3 and M13. New observations for seven of the nine known RR Lyrae in M13 are also reported. Surprisingly, periods predicted for the c-type variables tend to be too high (by up to ∼0.1 days).
High-redshift Galaxies and Black Holes Detectable with the JWST: A Population Synthesis Model from Infrared to X-Rays
Authors: Volonteri Marta , Reines Amy E. , Atek Hakim , Stark Daniel P. , Trebitsch Maxime 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The first billion years of the Universe has been a pivotal time: stars, black holes (BHs), and galaxies formed and assembled, sowing the seeds of galaxies as we know them today. Detecting, identifying, and understanding the first galaxies and BHs is one of the current observational and theoretical challenges in galaxy formation. In this paper we present a population synthesis model aimed at galaxies, BHs, and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at high redshift. The model builds a population based on empirical relations. The spectral energy distribution of galaxies is determined by age and metallicity, and that of AGNs by BH mass and accretion rate. We validate the model against observations, and predict properties of galaxies and AGN in other wavelength and/or luminosity ranges, estimating the contamination of stellar populations (normal stars and high-mass X-ray binaries) for AGN searches from the infrared to X-rays, and vice versa for galaxy searches. For high-redshift galaxies with stellar ages

, we find that disentangling stellar and AGN emission is challenging at restframe UV/optical wavelengths, while high-mass X-ray binaries become more important sources of confusion in X-rays. We propose a color–color selection in the James Webb Space Telescope bands to separate AGN versus star-dominated galaxies in photometric observations. We also estimate the AGN contribution, with respect to massive, hot, and metal-poor stars, at driving high-ionization lines, such as C iv and He ii. Finally, we test the influence of the minimum BH mass and occupation fraction of BHs in low-mass galaxies on the restframe UV/near-IR and X-ray AGN luminosity function.
Type II Supernova Light Curves and Spectra from the CfA
Authors: Hicken Malcolm , Friedman Andrew S. , Blondin Stephane , Challis Peter , Berlind Perry , Calkins Mike , Esquerdo Gil , Matheson Thomas , Modjaz Maryam , Rest Armin , Kirshner Robert P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present multiband photometry of 60 spectroscopically confirmed supernovae (SNe): 39 SNe II/IIP, 19 IIn, 1 IIb, and 1 that was originally classified as a IIn but later as a Ibn. Of these, 46 have only optical photometry, 6 have only near-infrared (NIR) photometry, and 8 have both optical and NIR. The median redshift of the sample is 0.016. We also present 195 optical spectra for 48 of the 60 SN. There are 26 optical and 2 NIR light curves of SNe II/IIP with redshifts

, some of which may give rise to useful distances for cosmological applications. All photometry was obtained between 2000 and 2011 at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO), via the 1.2 m and 1.3 m PAIRITEL telescopes for the optical and NIR, respectively. Each SN was observed in a subset of the

bands. There are a total of 2932 optical and 816 NIR light curve points. Optical spectra were obtained using the FLWO 1.5 m Tillinghast telescope with the FAST spectrograph and the MMT Telescope with the Blue Channel Spectrograph. Our photometry is in reasonable agreement with select samples from the literature: two-thirds of our star sequences have average V offsets within ±0.02 mag and roughly three-quarters of our light curves have average differences within ±0.04 mag. The data from this work and the literature will provide insight into SN II explosions, help with developing methods for photometric SN classification, and contribute to their use as cosmological distance indicators.