bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Communication With Same-Sex and Other-Sex Friends in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Ayotte Brian , Mehta Clare , Alfonso Jacqueline 
Published: August 2017

Objective We examined health-related communication between same-sex and other-sex friends and how communication was related to health-related behavior. Participants Data from 243 emerging adults attending college ( Mage = 18.96, SD = 1.43; 55.6% male) were analyzed. Methods Participants completed measures assessing the frequency in which they talked about and made plans to engage in exercise and nutrition-related behaviors with friends, as well as how often they engaged in exercise and nutrition-related behaviors. Results In general, participants reported more health-related communication with same-sex friends. Health-related communication with same-sex friends was positively related to health behaviors for men and women. However, the pattern of results differed for men and women depending on the topic of communication and the behavior being examined. Conclusion Our study extends the literature by examining the role of sex of friends in health communication and planning and how interactions with friends relate to health-promoting behavior.
Phytosterols Synergize With Endotoxin to Augment Inflammation in Kupffer Cells but Alone Have Limited Direct Effect on Hepatocytes
Authors: Guthrie Gregory , Tackett Bryan , Stoll Barbara , Martin Camilia , Olutoye Oluyinka , Burrin Douglas G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Phytosterols are implicated in the development of parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease. A newly proposed mechanism for phytosterol‐mediated parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease is through phytosterol‐facilitated hepatic proinflammatory cytokine release following exposure to intestinally derived bacteria. Whether the proinflammatory effects are liver cell specific is not known. Aim: To determine if phytosterols cause inflammation in hepatocytes or Kupffer cells independently or require costimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: In an in vivo study, neonatal piglets on parenteral nutrition for 11 days received an 8‐hour infusion of LPS. In the in vitro studies, neonatal piglet Kupffer cells and hepatocytes were treated with media, media + 1% soy oil, or media + 1% soy oil + 100µM phytosterols. After 24‐hour incubation, cells were treated with farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist obeticholic acid or liver X receptor (LXR) agonist GW3965 and challenged with LPS or interleukin 1β. Results: LPS administration in piglets led to transient increases in proinflammatory cytokines and suppression of the transporters bile salt export pump and ATP‐binding cassette transporter G5. In hepatocytes, phytosterols did not activate inflammation. Phytosterol treatment alone did not activate inflammation in Kupffer cells but, combined with LPS, synergistically increased interleukin 1β production. FXR and LXR agonists increased transporter expression in hepatocytes. GW3965 suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production in Kupffer cells, but obeticholic acid did not. Conclusions: LPS suppresses transporters that control bile acid and phytosterol clearance. Phytosterols alone do not cause inflammatory response. However, with costimulation by LPS, phytosterols synergistically maximize the inflammatory response in Kupffer cells.
Dermatofibroma: sonographic findings and pathologic correlation
Authors: Won Kyu Yeoun , Park So Young , Jin Wook , Lew Bark-Lynn 
Published: August 2017

Background Ultrasound has been increasingly used for the evaluation of superficial soft tissue lesions. Dermatofibroma is one of the most common dermal lesions. Experiences in ultrasound examinations of dermatofibromas have been accumulated. Purpose To evaluate sonographic findings of dermatofibroma and to correlate them with pathologic findings. Material and Methods A total of 18 dermatofibromas in 15 patients were included. Sonographic findings were assessed for location, depth, size, shape, margin, spiculation, echogenicity, internal hyperechoic dots, change in echogenicity of adjacent soft tissue, and vascularity, by two musculoskeletal radiologists in consensus. Pathologic findings were evaluated by one pathologist. Ultrasonographic characteristics were correlated with the pathologic findings by discussion between one radiologist and one pathologist. Results On ultrasound, all lesions were found to be located in the dermis, and 14 lesions (78%) extended into the subcutaneous layer. Mean size was 7 mm (range = 3 to 10 mm). Characteristic findings were ill-defined margins (n = 15, 83%), spiculated margins (n = 12, 67%), change in echogenicity of adjacent soft tissue (n = 14, 78%), and no Doppler flow (n = 14, 78%). Histologically, depth, margin, and spiculation were correlated with sonographic findings. Reactive fibrosis and chronic inflammation were seen in adjacent dermis and subcutaneous fat layer of echogenicity change. Conclusion On ultrasound, dermatofibromas are usually visible as avascular dermal lesions with extension into the subcutaneous layer, and are characterized by ill-defined margins, marginal spiculation, and change in echogenicity of surrounding soft tissues.
Conjunctival leiomyosarcoma: A fairly common tumour in an uncommon site
Authors: Wadee Reubina 
Published: August 2017

Background: Leiomyosarcomas of soft tissue are malignant tumours that are not infrequently encountered in clinical medicine and histopathology. Such sarcomas of the eye are, however, a rare occurrence. Purpose: Herein, the histopathological features of a case of conjunctival leiomyosarcoma are described. A 38-year-old HIV-positive male, who was otherwise fit and healthy, presented with redness of his right eye and a mass of the conjunctiva. Clinically, he did not have any soft-tissue masses elsewhere in the body. Method: He underwent monoblock excision of the conjunctival mass which was confirmed histologically to be a leiomyosarcoma. Unfortunately, the patient had not returned for follow-up examination. Conclusion: The differential diagnosis of a conjunctival spindle cell neoplasm is broad. While a spindle cell carcinoma is the most likely tumour, other tumours must be borne in mind so as not to misdiagnose primary sarcomas in this unusual location.
Divide-and-Conquer Density-Functional Tight-Binding Molecular Dynamics Study on the Formation of Carbamate Ions during CO2 Chemical Absorption in Aqueous Amine Solution
Authors: Sakti Aditya Wibawa , Nishimura Yoshifumi , Sato Hiroshi , Nakai Hiromi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Divide-and-conquer-type density-functional tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations of the CO2 absorption process in monoethanolamine (MEA) solution have been performed for systems containing thousands of atoms. The formation of carbamate anions has been widely investigated for neutral systems via ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, yet the present study is aimed at identifying the role of hydroxide ions in acid-base equilibrium. The structural and electronic analyses reveal that the hydroxide ion approaches, via Grotthuss-type shuttling, the zwitterionic intermediates and abstracts a proton from the nitrogen atom of MEA. We also estimated the fraction of reacted CO2 and carbamate formed at different initial CO2 concentrations that confirm a high absorbed CO2 concentration decreases the fraction of MEA(C) formed due to the abundance of MEA(Z) in the solution.
Negative pressure wound therapy and nurse education
Authors: Cray Amy 
Published: August 2017

Background: there can be serious consequences for patients if negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is performed incorrectly and patient safety must be paramount. The existing literature was found to mainly concentrate on the use of the technology from the patient perspective. This article examines the opinions of nurses who apply the therapy. Method: five staff nurses from different areas with differing experience levels were interviewed in a semi-structured manner. The transcribed interviews were coded, sorted into themes and analysed. Results: the themes were: enhancing knowledge and understanding, managing problematic pumps, formalised and interactive training, and efficacy and healing. There was a lack of standardised training provided for the nurses interviewed. Overall the nurses were aware of the basic evidence behind the treatment but would have liked additional support in this area as well as some practical, less pressured training. This complements the existing literature. Conclusion: nurses are expected to learn difficult and highly specialised skills quickly within a busy ward environment, often with no prior training or preparation. As things can go wrong, with the potential for patient harm, it is vital that nurses get these skills right first time, but it is difficult to do this in a practical, fast and cost-effective way. There is scope for future research in the area and perhaps the development of an online training tool to assist nurses in understanding and undertaking a new procedure.
The water fluoridation debate
Authors: McGrady Michael G , Ellwood Roger P , Pretty Iain A 
Published: August 2017

Water fluoridation schemes have been employed for over 50 years. Water fluoridation has been a source of continuous debate between those who advocate its use as a public health measure and those who oppose it. There have been no new fluoridation schemes in the UK for nearly 30 years owing to principally legislative, but also geographic, financial, and political reasons. However, in early 2008, the UK Secretary of State for Health promoted the use of water fluoridation schemes for areas in England with the highest rates of decay. This article, the third and final article of three, aims to discuss the arguments surrounding water fluoridation and its continued relevance as a public health measure. Clinical Relevance: This article aims to provide an update for general practitioners for the background and the current status of the water fluoridation debate and to enable them to answer non-clinical questions raised by patients.
Study on subclasses of analytic functions
Authors: Faisal Imran , Darus Maslina 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
By making use of new linear fractional differential operator, we introduce and study certain subclasses of analytic functions associated with Symmetric Conjugate Points and defined in the open unit disk 𝕌 = {z : |z| < 1}. Inclusion relationships are established and convolution properties of functions in these subclasses are discussed.
Unbounded solutions of an iterative-difference equation
Authors: Li Lin , Zhang Pingping 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Unbounded solutions for the iterative-difference equation

f
2

(
x
)
=
λ
f
(
x
+
a
)
+
μ
x
,

x
∈
ℝ
,

\font\msbm=MSBM10$${\rm{f}}^2 ({\rm{x}}) = \lambda {\rm{f}}({\rm{x}} + {\rm{a}}) + \mu {\rm{x}},\;\;\;{\rm{x}} \in {\msbm R},$$

have been considered in [Continuous solutions of an iterative-difference equation and Brillouët problem, Publ. Math. Debrecen, 78 (2011), 613–624], where λ, μ, a are real constants. In this paper, we continue to study the solutions not being included there, and further give the convex and concave ones. Finally, continuous solutions of this equation with an extra item were also given, which continuously depend on the parameter a.
Maximal perpendicularity in certain Abelian groups
Authors: Mattila Mika , Merikoski Jorma K. , Haukkanen Pentti , Tossavainen Timo 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We define perpendicularity in an Abelian group G as a binary relation satisfying certain five axioms. Such a relation is maximal if it is not a subrelation of any other perpendicularity in G. A motivation for the study is that the poset (𝒫, ⊆) of all perpendicularities in G is a lattice if G has a unique maximal perpendicularity, and only a meet-semilattice if not. We study the cardinality of the set of maximal perpendicularities and, on the other hand, conditions on the existence of a unique maximal perpendicularity in the following cases: G ≅ ℤn, G is finite, G is finitely generated, and G = ℤ ⊕ ℤ ⊕ ⋯. A few such conditions are found and a few conjectured. In studying ℝn, we encounter perpendicularity in a vector space.
Effects of an eight-week stepladder exercise protocol on lower limb muscular strength of apparently healthy young adults
Authors: Olagbegi Oladapo Michael , Adegoke Babatunde Olusola , Christie Candice Jo-Anne , Bolarinde Olufemi Samuel , Jegede Joseph Adeiza 
Published: August 2017

PurposeBackward descent of stairs is associated with improved muscle strength and reduced joint stress, but the effect of back­ward ascent of stairs on lower limb muscle strength has not been reported. This study compared the effects of forward and backward stair climbing on lower limb muscle strength in apparently healthy young adults.MethodsThe total of 31 young volunteers were allocated to either forward or backward stair climbing group (<i>n</i> = 16 and 15, respectively). Dynamic quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength was assessed in addition to thigh girth at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8 with the use of the repetitive maximum method and tape measure, respectively.ResultsBetween baseline and week 8, muscular strength in both groups (quadriceps: 14.4 ± 3.6 to 16.4 ± 3.4 kg; 14.0 ± 2.9 to 15.3 ± 2.7 kg; hamstring: 12.2 ± 3.2 to 13.4 ± 3.2; 11.7 ± 2.5 to 12.9 ± 2.7 kg) increased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) while the increase in thigh girth was not significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The groups were comparable in all three measures post intervention.ConclusionsForward and backward stair climbing protocols are effective for improving the dynamic strength of the hamstring and quadriceps muscles of apparently healthy young adults. Thus, either protocol could be used for the improvement of lower limbs dynamic muscle strength.
Metropolitan governance(or not!) in Poland and the United States
Authors: Lackowska Marta , Norris Donald F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we address the issue of metropolitan governance by examining its current state and the factors responsible for that state in Poland and the U.S. We find that, despite numerous differences between the two nations, the state of metropolitan governance is quite similar in both. That is, neither country exhibits examples of well-developed metropolitan governance. What is even more interesting is that the factors responsible for this situation are quite similar in both countries. Our principal finding is that political factors (mainly having to do with citizens’ preferences and the resulting lack of support for metropolitan institutions) have prevented the development of metropolitan governance in both. Moreover, because of the strength of these political factors, the current state of metropolitan governance in Poland and the U.S. is not likely to change in the foreseeable future, even under the presumed pressure of economic competitiveness.
Performance of Different Apple Cultivars in a Young High Density Orchard
Authors: Rubauskis Edgars , Skrīvele Māra 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the suitability of rootstock and cultivar combinations for high density orchards in northern climate conditions like in Latvia. In 2009, a trial was established with rootstocks M.9 and B.396 in combination with seven cultivars. The density of trees reached 2500 trees per 1 ha. The yields and the observed yield efficiency of all cultivars during the first four production years were larger on rootstock B.396. Also, average trunk diameter was slightly larger on this rootstock. On both rootstocks cultivars, ‘Gita’ and ‘Ligol’ had larger part of total yield formed on previous year shoots. These cultivars had more vigorous trunks as well. In the orchard at the given density, on both rootstocks thinner trunks and smaller yields were observed for cultivars with poor branching, like ‘White Transparent’ and ‘Konfetnoye’. ‘Rubin’ (Kazakh cv.) had low yield, this cultivar produces very large fruits on the ends of shoots. Lower average yields were also obtained for cultivars that produce fruits on spurs of older branch sections, like ‘Antei’ and ‘Kovalenkovskoye’. Summer cultivar ‘Konfetnoye’ had relatively smaller fruits. Rootstock B.396 and scab resistant cultivar ‘Gita’ showed best performance in the high density orchard.
Composition and Concentration of Phenolic Compounds of ‘Auksis’ Apple Grown on Various Rootstocks
Authors: Kviklys Darius , Liaudanskas Mindaugas , Viškelis Jonas , Buskienė Loreta , Lanauskas Juozas , Uselis Nobertas , Janulis Valdimaras 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe trial was carried out at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2013-2015. Cv. ‘Auksis’ was tested on 12 rootstocks: B.396, B.9, M.9, M.26, P 22, P 59, P 61, P 62, P 66, P 67, PB.4, and Pure 1. Accumulation of phenolic compounds depended on fruit yield and average fruit weight. On average, significantly lower concentration among rootstocks occurred when apple trees had abundant yield and fruits were smaller. On average chlorogenic acid constituted 50% and total procyanidins 28% of total phenols in ‘Auksis’ fruits. Flavonoid concentration most depended on rootstock and the highest variation was recorded. More than 50% difference occurred between the highest total flavonoid concentration in apples on PB.4 and the lowest on M.9 rootstocks. Low variability of total procyanidin concentration among rootstocks was observed. Differences between the highest and lowest concentration was 15%. Total concentration of phenolic compounds differed among rootstocks by 29-35% depending on the year. Differences in accumulation of phenolic compounds depended on rootstock genotype but not on yield or fruit weight. PB.4 and P 67 rootstocks had the highest, and M.9, P 62 and M.26 had the lowest concentration of total phenol in ‘Auksis’ fruits
“Sorrow is at the Bottom of Every Poets Heart”. A Hitherto Unknown Letter by Zbigniew Herbert On Ars Poetica
Authors: Skała Agata 
Published: August 2017

Summary
The unknown letter written by Zbigniew Herbert contains the review of unpublished poems by an eminent skier Barbara Grocholska-Kurkowiak. The letter has no date, it was written between February 1955 and May 1958 or between May 1960 and March 1963, most probably in the year 1961. The author of Barbarzyńca w ogrodzie (Barbarian in the Garden) explained in the letter his guidelines concerning practicing poetry. His utterance can be comprised in the categories of normative poetry. Formulating the rules of creating and analyzing the artist’s status, Herbert established the principles partially consistent with what can be found in classical lectures on literary art. Herbert’s poetics is in many cases congruent with Horace’s Letter to Pisons. Herbert’s “letter on poetry” is the testimony of how persistently the poet expressed remaining in the conviction that the patterns of tradition cannot be underestimated, but they deserve special attention, the more of it, the less humility the artist can find in the world and in himself (still having some ironic distance towards his own conformism).
Juvenile growth of provenances and open pollinated families of four Russian larch species (Larix Mill.) in Swedish field tests
Authors: Karlman L. , Fries A. , Martinsson O. , Westin J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Four Russian larch species; (Larix sukaczewii Dyl., L. sibirica Ledeb., L. gmelinii Rupr. and L. cajanderi Mayr.) were tested in combined provenance-progeny tests on three sites in Sweden. 29 provenances, two seed orchards and four seed stands-material were assessed for juvenile height growth and survival after five growing seasons in the field. Genetic parameters were also determined on the family level. The results show that provenances of L. sukaczewii originating from western Russia have the highest survival. Compared to the closely related L. sibirica, L. sukaczewii show better adaptation, a pattern that has also been observed in Finland and Iceland. Provenances of L. gmelinii from the Russian Far East demonstrate best juvenile height growth on all three sites. L. cajanderi from northern interior Siberia failed on all three sites. Both climatic and geographical variables showed strong correlation with survival and height. At this early evaluation it seems like provenances of L. sukaczewii can be transferred northward with satisfactory survival whereas southern transfer or transfer from strongly continental areas in Russia to the semi maritime climate in Sweden results in poor growth. CVA values suggested relatively high genetic variation in height for L. sukaczewii and L. sibirica. The heritabilities for height growth and survival were at this early evaluation generally low (h2 < 0.10) and often non-significant.
Prevalence of Risk Factors Among Women With Osteoporosis
Authors: Stajic Dalibor , Zivanovic Sandra , Miric Ana , Sekulic Marija , Djonovic Nela 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disorder that can be influenced by many different factors. A cross-sectional study has been conducted with the aim to assess the prevalence of risk factors as well as to identify the possible causes of improvement of the disease. Th e study population consisted of 97 women older than 35 who had previously been diagnosed with osteoporosis. Dualenergy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD) in order to assess the current state of the disease. Th e participants were asked to complete a standardized IOF (International Osteoporosis Foundation) questionnaire. According to BMD measurements, 24.7% of women had normal bone density while 18.6% had T-score lower than -2.5. Th ere was a statistically significant correlation between T-score and the history of previous bone fractures. Besides, a relatively high prevalence of certain risk factors (such as underweight, early menopause, oophorectomy, thyroid and parathyroid disorders etc.) was observed in woman with osteoporosis
Manufacturing of Biodegradable Scaffolds to Engineer Artificial Blood Vessel
Authors: Milosevic Maja , Mijailovic Nikola , Nikolic Dalibor , Filipovic Nenad , Peulic Aleksandar , Rosic Mirko , Pantovic Suzana 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Blood vessels diseases such as cardiac infarction with coronary artery occlusion, peripheral arterial disorders, or stroke of carotid or cerebral arteries, are the leading causes of death in the world. One of medical procedures for clinical treatment of vascular diseases is the blood vessels grafting. As the autologous blood vessels, which are the “golden standard” for coronary grafting, are not always suitable for blood vessels grafting, there is a need to develop artificial blood vessels as a vascular prostheses, either from natural and synthetic materials, permanent synthetic or biodegradable scaffolds which would be suitable for vascular grafts. Considering this to be our study goal we made bilayered biodegradable polycaprolactone scaffolds with different properties and evaluated their morphological and biomechanical characteristics.