bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining virtual reality with asymmetric collaborative learning: a case study in chemistry education
Authors: De Lorenzis Federico , Visconti Alessandro , Restivo Simone , Mazzini Francesca , Esposito Serena , Garofalo Silvia Fraterrigo , Marmo Luca , Fino Debora , Lamberti Fabrizio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe use of Virtual Reality (VR) in education is getting more and more common, especially when hands-on learning experiences have to be delivered. With VR it becomes possible, e.g., to simulate dangerous or costly procedures that could hardly be implemented in real settings. However, engaging large classes in immersive laboratory activities may be difficult, since VR kits are still rather expensive for quantity purchases and may require powerful PCs as well as proper spaces to work. A possible way to deal with these issues could be to combine VR with so-called asymmetric Collaborative Learning (CL). CL is a particularly interesting pedagogical approach, as it make learners work in team to achieve a common educational goal, promoting critical thinking and active learning. In asymmetric CL, in particular, learners use different technologies to interact. When combined with VR, asymmetric CL could be used, e.g., to let some learners get immersed in a virtual environment, while some others actively participate in the experience using a desktop interface. This configuration could allow, in principle, to involve more learners in the same amount of time and with the same number of VR kits, while also letting them benefit of the advantages of CL. Based on these considerations, this paper investigates the impact of CL on VR-based education by leveraging an immersive virtual environment designed to support a laboratory experience in a Chemistry course. A user study was conducted by involving 46 university students enrolled in the course. Objective and subjective metrics were used to compare two education methods, i.e. one in which the students experienced the VR environment in isolation, another one in which pairs of students collaborated with an asymmetric approach. Students’ knowledge acquisition was assessed by means of theoretical quizzes, whereas practical performance was automatically measured during the VR experience. The experimental results showed that trading off VR-based, individual learning for CL may have positive effects on the acquisition of theoretical knowledge, but may be detrimental to the achievement of practical abilities if sufficient exposure to technology cannot be guaranteed.
ICESat-2 single photon laser point cloud denoising algorithm based on improved DBSCAN clustering
Authors: Wang Dong , Yu Jiachen , Liu Fengying , Li Qinghua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) has great potential for development due to its advantages of the use of multiple beams, low energy consumption, high repetition frequency, and high measurement sensitivity. However, the weak photon signal emitted by the photon counting lidar is susceptible to the background noise caused by the sun and the atmosphere, which can seriously affect the processing and application of laser data. This paper proposes an improved DBSCAN clustering algorithm for denoising single photon laser point clouds in mountainous areas. Firstly, a grouping method based on elevation and distance statistics is proposed to reduce the influence of terrain undulations on denoising accuracy. Finally, an automatic radius search method is put forward to determine clustering radius of each group, automatically find the optimal radius, and improve the existing DBSCAN clustering method. The method proposed in this paper is compared with the classical DBSCAN algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves denoising accuracy in mountainous areas and effectively filters out most background noise.
Graphical Abstract
Spotting missing or wanted people: racial biases in prospective person memory
Authors: Papesh Megan H. , Cash Daniella K. , Guevara Pinto Juan D. , Lomba Sofia V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSearching for missing or wanted people is a crucial task in our society. Previous work on prospective person memory (PPM) has demonstrated that performance on this type of search task is worse relative to standard prospective memory tasks. Importantly, this process may be further affected by the race of the missing person, yet this has never been tested in laboratory settings. To test the effects of race on PPM, a convenience sample consisting primarily of self-identified Caucasian participants was asked to search for either a Caucasian or an Indian target person while judging the orientation of different Caucasian and Indian faces. Although the tasks were otherwise identical, 89% of Caucasian PPM targets were found while only 53% of Indian targets were found. Furthermore, relative to a control group with no PPM requirements, participants were slower and more error-prone when judging Indian faces relative to White faces, particularly if they were searching for an Indian face. We interpret these results as revealing other-race effects in prospective person memory, highlighting race as a critical factor for finding missing people. Importantly, this also emphasizes the need for real-world search efforts to factor in difficulty differences when people monitor for missing/wanted people from their own or different racial backgrounds. For example, media coverage of missing persons cases could perhaps be distributed more equitably by considering whether the missing person is from a racial minority in that region.
Quantitative brain T1 maps derived from T1-weighted MRI acquisitions: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Lavielle Audrey , Pinaud Noël , Zhang Bei , Crémillieux Yannick 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Longitudinal T1 relaxation time is a key imaging biomarker. In addition, T1 values are modulated by the administration of T1 contrast agents used in patients with tumors and metastases. However, in clinical practice, dedicated T1 mapping sequences are often not included in brain MRI protocols. The aim of this study is to address the absence of dedicated T1 mapping sequences in imaging protocol by deriving T1 maps from standard T1-weighted sequences.

Methods
A phantom, composed of 144 solutions of paramagnetic agents at different concentrations, was imaged with a three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighed turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequence designed for brain imaging. The relationship between the T1 values and the signal intensities was established using this phantom acquisition. T1 mapping derived from 3D T1-weighted TSE acquisitions in four healthy volunteers and one patient with brain metastases were established and compared to reference T1 mapping technique. The concentration of Gd-based contrast agents in brain metastases were assessed from the derived T1 maps.

Results
Based on the phantom acquisition, the relationship between T1 values and signal intensity (SI) was found equal to T1 = 0.35 × SI−1.11 (R2 = 0.97). TSE-derived T1 values measured in white matter and gray matter in healthy volunteers were equal to 0.997 ± 0.096 s and 1.358 ± 0.056 s (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. Mean Gd3+ concentration value in brain metastases was 94.7 ± 30.0 μM.

Conclusion
The in vivo results support the relevance of the phantom-based approach: brain T1 maps can be derived from T1-weighted acquisitions.

Relevance statement
High-resolution brain T1 maps can be generated, and contrast agent concentration can be quantified and imaged in brain metastases using routine 3D T1-weighted TSE acquisitions.

Key Points

Quantitative T1 mapping adds significant value to MRI diagnostics.

T1 measurement sequences are rarely included in routine protocols.

T1 mapping and concentration of contrast agents can be derived from routine standard scans.

The diagnostic value of MRI can be improved without additional scan time.

Graphical Abstract
A prospective observational study on the anatomical variations of recurrent laryngeal nerve and its application in the prevention of injury during thyroid surgery in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Kale Vitthal Dada , Prajosh Aishwarya , Chavan Shrinivas S. , Patra Ananya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Thyroid gland is the largest and most vascular structure among the endocrine glands. The recurrent laryngeal nerve and the superior laryngeal nerve are closely related to the thyroid gland; these nerves control voice and are vital in breathing. Anatomical preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is the gold standard in thyroid surgery. Visual identification of RLN has decreased the rates of permanent RLN palsy during thyroid and parathyroid operations. Prior knowledge about the branching patterns will help in predicting and preventing injury to the nerve during thyroid surgery.

Aim and objectives
The aim of the study is to observe the terminal branching pattern of recurrent laryngeal nerve before its entry into the larynx.

Methods
An observational study with 50 participants who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. After a complete evaluation and pre-anaesthetic checkup, the patients were operated and intraoperative findings of RLN branching were recorded and compared for the study.

Results
In our study, out of the 50 patients who underwent thyroid surgery during the course of the study, right-sided RLN branching was demonstrated in 25 patients (21 right hemithyroidectomy and 4 total thyroidectomy). Ten patients had RLN bifurcation, 7 had trifurcation, 5 had numerous branches, and 3 with no branching pattern were noted. Similarly, out of 29 patients (25 left hemithyroidectomy and 4 total thyroidectomy) in whom left-sided RLN branching was studied, bifurcation was seen in 10 patients, trifurcation in 12 patients, and multiple branching was observed in 7.

Conclusion
The anatomical variations seen in RLN may increase the risk of vocal cord palsy due to its injury. Anatomical variations are categorized according to the original direction of the RLN and the number of terminal branches in the larynx. This classification aids in the identification and preservation of its branches, hence facilitating a safer thyroidectomy.
Use of 3D cross-gradient joint inversion of marine controlled-source electromagnetic and seismic refraction data for overburden geohazard mapping
Authors: Karpiah Arvin B. , Meju Max A. , Mackie Randall L. , Aziz Adam A. , Musa Mustaza 
Published: October 2024

Offshore energy-transition activities typically require the construction of new subsurface facilities where overburden heterogeneity and deformation patterns may not be fully understood. Anisotropic marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) and seismic refraction imaging can be adapted to geohazard assessments of the overburden to mitigate safety and cost risks in such areas. This is investigated using an area in deepwater northwest Borneo as the case study. For this proof-of-concept study, a well-established multiphysics joint inversion code is extended to handle marine seismic refraction data from conventional towed streamers. Realistic field-scale synthetic models with anomalous resistivities and velocities in the shallow section (approximately 400 m below mudline) are built and their CSEM and seismic refraction responses are first inverted separately and then jointly in three dimensions using the cross-gradient method. The joint inversion recovers the anomalous bodies better than the separate inversions. The velocity model from the joint inversion indicates improvement from the separate inversion but requires a good starting model. As a further test of the methodology, first-break traveltimes are picked from legacy 3D seismic data and inverted with the available sparse CSEM data. For model verification, resistivity and velocity profiles from separate and joint inversion models are extracted at a well location in the survey area and compared with actual well logs. The joint inversion models match the well logs better than the separate inversion models. Moreover, known geohazards (complex fault sets and lateral inflows) from independent geomatics study are imaged in the joint inversion models. In addition, the resistivity anisotropy ratio tracks anomalous zones that correspond to areas of recent complex faulting and potential lateral inflows in the overburden mass transport systems. Thus, the joint inversion of CSEM and seismic refraction data has the potential to improve the mapping of overburden hazards offshore, with the associated resistivity anisotropy serving as a proxy for active ground deformation.
Quantifying the experiences of Black and Dual Heritage young people in a forensic child and adolescent mental health service
Authors: Sandiford Michelle A. , Moran David , Smith Jared G. , Hales Heidi 
Published: October 2024

Background
Young people from racialised backgrounds are overrepresented in justice services. This study explored differences in community support offered to young people from racialised groups referred to a forensic child and adolescent mental health service.

Method
We compared support offered to 427 young people, according to five ethnic groups.

Results
Over 20% of young people referred were Black (compared with 14% of the local population) and 15.8% were Dual White and Black Heritage (compared with 4% of the local population). Odds ratios showed that Black and Dual Heritage groups were more frequently involved with youth offending services (Black: 2.59, Dual Heritage: 2.88), gangs services (Black: 4.31, Dual Heritage: 7.13) and have a national referral mechanism (Black: 3.61, Dual Heritage: 4.01) than their White peers, but were less often in mainstream education compared with their Asian peers (Black: 0.26, Dual Heritage: 0.29). Black (odds ratio 0.35) and Dual Heritage (odds ratio 0.40) young people were less frequently diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental disorder than their White peers.

Conclusions
Those from Black and Dual Heritage backgrounds were disproportionately disadvantaged.
Intraoperative Fluid Balance and Perioperative Complications in Ovarian Cancer Surgery
Authors: Egger Eva K. , Ullmann Janina , Hilbert Tobias , Ralser Damian J. , Padron Laura Tascon , Marinova Milka , Stope Matthias , Mustea Alexander 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Fluid overload and hypovolemia promote postoperative complications in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer. In the present study, postoperative complications and anastomotic leakage were investigated before and after implementation of pulse pressure variation-guided fluid management (PPVGFM) during ovarian cancer surgery.

Patients and Methods
A total of n = 243 patients with ovarian cancer undergoing cytoreductive surgery at the University Hospital Bonn were retrospectively evaluated. Cohort A (CA; n = 185 patients) was treated before and cohort B (CB; n = 58 patients) after implementation of PPVGFM. Both cohorts were compared regarding postoperative complications.

Results
Ultrasevere complications (G4/G5) were exclusively present in CA (p = 0.0025). No difference between cohorts was observed regarding severe complications (G3–G5) (p = 0.062). Median positive fluid excess was lower in CB (p = 0.001). This was independent of tumor load [peritoneal cancer index] (p = 0.001) and FIGO stage (p = 0.001). Time to first postoperative defecation was shorter in CB (CB: d2 median versus CA: d3 median; p = 0.001). CB had a shorter length of hospital stay (p = 0.003), less requirement of intensive medical care (p = 0.001) and postoperative ventilation (p = 0.001). CB received higher doses of noradrenalin (p = 0.001). In the combined study cohort, there were more severe complications (G3–G5) in the case of a PFE ≥ 3000 ml (p = 0.034) and significantly more anastomotic leakage in the case of a PFE ≥ 4000 ml (p = 0.006).

Conclusions
Intraoperative fluid reduction in ovarian cancer surgery according to a PPVGFM is safe and significantly reduces ultrasevere postoperative complications. PFEs of ≥ 3000 ml and ≥ 4000 ml were identified as cutoffs for significantly more severe complications and anastomotic leakage, respectively.
Treatment of Dento-alveolar Traumatic Injuries in a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: Osman Afreen , Dodhia Serena A , Fan Kathleen , Ahluwalia Meera 
Published: October 2024

This case report details the multidisciplinary management and follow-up of a 9-year-old boy diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). He presented with severe intrusion injuries after a fall to his permanent maxillary central and lateral incisor teeth. The patient was initially seen in the emergency department by the maxillofacial team. Owing to the complexity of the dento-alveolar injury, it was felt that a multidisciplinary approach would improve patient outcomes. In theatre, both maxillofacial and paediatric dental teams managed the acute trauma. The paediatric dental team continued to review and follow-up with the child. A multidisciplinary team is ideal for managing paediatric patients with severe dental trauma and complex behavioural needs. This approach ensures the best care for patients and favourable outcomes. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Multidisciplinary management is important in paediatric dento-alveolar trauma.
Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of a Patient with an Anterior Fibrous Edentulous Maxilla opposed by a Partially Dentate Mandible
Authors: Premathilaka LKN , Vasantha S 
Published: October 2024

Tooth loss may affect the dietary patterns, phonetics, appearance, and lifestyle of affected individuals. Therefore, patients require the replacement of missing teeth to allow adequate function, appearance, and psychological wellbeing. However, the replacement of missing teeth in patients at the transitional stage from the natural to the artificial dentition can pose a significant challenge to a clinician. This case describes the management of a patient with an ill-fitting upper complete denture, which rested on an anterior fibrous edentulous maxilla, opposing a partially dentate mandible. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Selection of the optimum treatment option available to manage a patient with an anterior fibrous edentulous maxilla opposed by a partially dentate mandible is important.
Silent Sinus Syndrome: A Paediatric Condition Diagnosed in the Orthodontic Department
Authors: Lourenco Fiona , Tyler Daniel , Houghton Nadine 
Published: October 2024

Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) is defined as unilateral maxillary sinus hypoplasia and orbital floor resorption. This case report highlights a rare paediatric diagnosis of SSS during an orthodontic clinic. The diagnostic orthopantogram (OPG) and cone-beam computed tomography showed complete opacification of the left maxillary sinus. Following referral to the ear, nose and throat (ENT) department, a CT sinus confirmed SSS. Owing to the risk of facial asymmetry in a growing adolescent patient without surgical intervention, functional endoscopic sinus surgery will be used to manage this. This case highlights the importance of a thorough investigation of incidental findings. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The clinical relevance of early diagnosis of silent sinus syndrome and its implications on facial symmetry is discussed.
Hemisection Procedure Facilitated by 3D Printing and a Customized Surgical Guide: A Novel Approach
Authors: Joshi Vatsal Jatinbhai , Arora Ankit Ved , Gajera Seema Girish , Kapoor Sonali Vinod , Jagtap Manali Ajay 
Published: October 2024

When there is a lesion in a multi-rooted tooth, but only one root is infected, resective therapies are an effective treatment option for maintaining natural tooth structure. Hemisection may be the best line of action when a single root is decayed or periodontally compromised, but the other is intact. As precision and accuracy are paramount in ensuring the success of this procedure, this case explores the integration of 3D printing technology to create a patient-specific surgical guide that demonstrates excellent adaptability and precision during hemisection procedures. The integration of 3D printing technology in hemisection procedures, through the use of a customized surgical guide, offers a promising avenue for precision dentistry. This case report depicts a situation where the distal root of LR6 had extensive bone loss. Hemisection was planned for the tooth using 3D printing and a customized surgical guide to perform the procedure preserving the mesial root. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The use of patient-specific surgical guides, along with CBCT and 3D printing, can enhance the clinical outcome for hemisection.
GMDIC: a digital image correlation measurement method based on global matching for large deformation displacement fields
Authors: Wang Linlin , Shao Jing , Wang ZhuJun , Gao Qian , Wang ChuanYun , Yan Zhuo , Li ZhongYi , Zhang Tong 
Published: October 2024

The digital image correlation method is a non-contact optical measurement method, which
has the advantages of full-field measurement, simple operation, and
high measurement accuracy. The traditional DIC method can accurately
measure displacement and strain fields, but there are still many
limitations. (i) In the measurement of large displacement
deformations, the calculation accuracy of the displacement field and
strain field needs to be improved due to the unreasonable setting of
parameters such as subset size and step size. (ii) It is
difficult to avoid under-matching or over-matching when reconstructing
smooth displacement or strain fields. (iii) When processing
large-scale image data, the computational complexity will be very
high, resulting in slow processing speeds. In recent years,
deep-learning-based DIC has shown promising capabilities in addressing
the aforementioned issues. We propose a new, to the best of our
knowledge, DIC method based on deep learning, which is designed for
measuring displacement fields of speckle images in complex large
deformations. The network combines the multi-head attention
Swin-Transformer and the high-efficient channel attention module ECA
and adds positional information to the features to enhance feature
representation capabilities. To train the model, we constructed a
displacement field dataset that conformed to the real situation and
contained various types of speckle images and complex deformations.
The measurement results indicate that our model achieves consistent
displacement prediction accuracy with traditional DIC methods in
practical experiments. Moreover, our model outperforms traditional DIC
methods in cases of large displacement scenarios.