bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confronting Craniosynostosis: Maternal Concerns, Challenges, and Coping for their Children
Authors: Paliwoda Ethan D. , Torres Alejandro , Dema Elma , Gajjar Avi A. , Horne Mason J. , Trandafirescu Mathew , Adamo Matthew A. , Schalet Benjamin J. , Bray Stephanie M.C. 
Published: October 2024

Objective The study objective was to characterize shared online experiences surrounding craniosynostosis. Methods Isolated and syndromic craniosynostosis-related consecutive posts (N = 700) made by patients and caregivers were extracted from TikTok and Instagram between 2017-2024. A cross-sectional qualitative analysis following guidelines for practical thematic analysis was performed. Results The majority of posts were by caregivers (96%) and by females (97%). Forty categorical subthemes from social media posts were synthesized into 4 predominant themes. Overarching thematic trends included Emotional and Psychological Support (47%), Medical Information and Treatment (27%), Family and Social Dynamics (15%), and Awareness, Education, and Advocacy (12%). Conclusion Social media is used by caregivers, primarily mothers, for emotional support, processing health information, sharing experiences, raising awareness, and celebrating “cranioversaries.” Male and patient perspectives were underrepresented. Physicians may use social media to gain insights, disseminate quality health information, and connect with patients.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effects of Organizational Skills Training on Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in China
Authors: Huang Xin-Xin , Zheng Li-Zhen , Qian Qin-Fang , Huang Yan , Wang Yan-Xia , Ou Ping 
Published: October 2024

Background: In addition to attention and hyperactivity problems, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have poorer organizational skills needed to manage time and materials. This study examines the improvement of organizational skills in children with ADHD by studying organizational skills training (OST). Methods: This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Between September 2023 and January 2024, 70 children with a diagnosis of ADHD and at least one domain of executive dysfunction (EF) were divided into two groups. The conventional group was treated with medication, biofeedback, and behavioral interventions based on the children’s actual condition. The OST group received OST in addition to the conventional group. Results: The mean age of the children was 8.33 ± 1.62 years. A total of 66 children completed the intervention and follow-up, 32 in the conventional group and 34 in the OST group. There were no differences between the two groups of children in terms of their preintervention scores on the BRIEF, SNAP-IV, or IVA-CPT. Postintervention scores on the behavioral scales decreased ( p < .05), and IVA-CPT scores increased ( p < .05) in both groups compared with those in the preintervention period. The OST group had a lower BRIEF ( p = .019) and SNAP-IV Attention deficit subscale ( p = .046) and a higher IVA-CPT Attention deficit Index ( p = .032) than the conventional group after the intervention. The percentage of children with a normal BRIEF total score in the OST group was 79.41% (27/34) after the intervention, which was greater than the 37.50% (12/32) in the conventional group ( p = .001). Compared with the OST group, children in the conventional group were at greater risk of having BRIEF scores that remained abnormal after the intervention. Analysis of covariance revealed a statistically significant effect of group ( p = .008), preintervention BRIEF ( p < .001), and participation score ( p = .036) on postintervention BRIEF. Conclusion: OST can further improve organizational skills in daily life in children with ADHD while improving core symptoms of attention deficit in addition to conventional treatment. The effect of OST on BRIEF is also influenced by the child’s BRIEF status at the baseline level and the level of cooperation during the intervention. Trial registration: The randomized controlled trial registration number was ChiCTR2300075744.
The Daydream Spectrum: The Role of Emotional Dysregulation, Internalized Stigma and Self-Esteem in Maladaptive Daydreaming Among Adults With ADHD, ASD, and Double Diagnosis
Authors: Pyszkowska Anna , Nowacki Ari , Celban Julia 
Published: October 2024

Objective: Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) is characterized by vivid, excessive fantasy activity that becomes prioritized over other activities and may result in avoidant coping strategies. Little is known about the relationship between MD and internalized stigma in the neurodivergent sample. The current study aimed to examine emotional dysregulation, escapism and self-perception (self-esteem and internalized stigma) as potential determinants of MD in three groups: adults on the autism spectrum, with ADHD, and both diagnoses (“AuDHD”), including their neurodivergent symptoms (autistic traits, empathizing, ADHD symptoms). Methods: A sample of 293 persons (139 with ADHD, 74 on the autism spectrum, and 80 with both diagnoses) completed self-report scales concerning ADHD symptoms, autism spectrum symptoms, empathizing, self-esteem, daydreaming as escapism, emotional dysregulation, maladaptive daydreaming, and internalized stigma. A correlation analysis was implemented. Additionally, a group comparison and quantile regression for the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile of maladaptive daydreaming in the three groups were executed. Results: The results showed that internalized stigma, emotional dysregulation, escapism, and self-esteem have significant associations with MD in the neurodiverse sample. The ADHD group achieved the lowest scores in emotional dysregulation, discrimination experience, and social withdrawal. The groups did not vary in MD rates, stereotype endorsement, stigma resistance, nonacceptance of emotional responses, and impulse control difficulties. The AuDHD group achieved higher results than the ASD group only in the ADHD symptoms. Quantile regression revealed differences in the predictors of maladaptive daydreaming in the three groups. ADHD symptoms and self-suppression escapism were significant predictors for the higher levels of MD in persons with singular autism or ADHD diagnosis. Conclusion: The results showed no differences in MD rates, although there were significant variations in predictive features among the three samples. The role of internalized stigma and self-esteem was highlighted in the results as significant associates of MD prevalence. These outcomes expand the current knowledge in the context of maladaptive daydreaming, internalized stigma, self-esteem and emotional dysregulation in a neurodiverse sample and allow for proposing clinical applications and further research directions.
Delayed high-altitude retinal hemorrhages in well-acclimatized lowlanders: A hidden risk unveiled
Authors: Rana Vipin , Pannu Anju , Sadhukhan Arnab , Bandopadhayay Sandepan , Kumar Pradeep , Kaushik Jaya , Dangi Meenu , Gupta Atul 
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives High-altitude retinal hemorrhage (HARH), a frequent entity of high-altitude retinopathy (HAR), is associated with acute exposure to high altitudes (HAs) with rapid ascent. However, the delayed occurrence of HARH in well-acclimatized individuals has received less attention. This study explored the prevalence and characteristics of HARH in individuals who were acclimatized to HA for extended periods, aiming to elucidate the physiological responses of the retina to chronic hypoxic conditions. Subjects/Methods We conducted an observational cross-sectional study involving 1,457 male participants who had resided at altitudes above 3353 meters (11,000 ft) in the Himalayan region for more than three months. Patients who had ocular or systemic diseases affecting the retina, chronic retinotoxic medication use or smoking were excluded. Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including the best corrected visual acuity test, dilated fundus examination and photography. Results A total of 1,457 males were screened, and the mean age was 34 ± 2 years. Of all the participants screened, 12 (0.82%) had HAR, with all cases occurring at altitudes above 4267 meters (14,000 ft). Seventy-five percent (75%) of the HAR patients had retinal hemorrhage and venous dilatation. Macular involvement and cotton wool spots were observed in 34% and 25% of HAR patients, respectively. Only four participants had foveal involvement with significant visual impairment. Conclusion Delayed HARH in acclimatized individuals underscores the importance of long-term ocular monitoring for those exposed to HA, despite acclimatization, to prevent and manage potential visual impairments.
Understanding the Biological Basis of Polygenic Risk Scores and Disparities in Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Genomic Analysis
Authors: Zhang Wensheng , Zhang Kun 
Published: October 2024

Objectives: For prostate cancer (PCa), hundreds of risk variants have been identified. It remains unknown whether the polygenic risk score (PRS) that combines the effects of these variants is also a sufficiently informative metric with relevance to the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in prostate. We aimed to understand the biological basis of PRS and racial disparities in the cancer. Methods: We performed a comprehensive analysis of the data generated (deposited in) by several genomic and/or transcriptomic projects (databases), including the GTEx, TCGA, 1000 Genomes, GEO and dbGap. PRS was constructed from 260 PCa risk variants that were identified by a recent trans-ancestry meta-analysis and contained in the GTEx dataset. The dosages of risk variants and the multi-ancestry effects on PCa incidence estimated by the meta-analysis were used in calculating individual PRS values. Results: The following novel results were obtained from our analyses. (1) In normal prostate samples from healthy European Americans (EAs), the expression levels of 540 genes (termed PRS genes) were associated with the PRS ( P < .01). (2) Ubiquitin–proteasome system in high-PRS individuals’ prostates was more active than that in low-PRS individuals’ prostates. (3) Nine PRS genes play roles in the cancer progression-relevant parts, which are frequently hit by somatic mutations in PCa, of PI3K-Akt/RAS-MAPK/mTOR signaling pathways. (4) The expression profiles of the top significant PRS genes in tumor samples were capable of predicting malignant PCa relapse after prostatectomy. (5) The transcriptomic differences between African American and EA samples were incompatible with the patterns of the aforementioned associations between PRS and gene expression levels. Conclusions: This study provided unique insights into the relationship between PRS and the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in prostate. The new findings, alongside the moderate but significant heritability of PCa susceptibility contributed by the risk variants, suggest the aptness and inaptness of PRS for explaining PCa and disparities.
Potential Role of AKR1B1 Gene Methylation in Diagnosis of Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: El-Far Mohamed , Abdelrazek Mohamed A , Foda Basma M , Abouzid Amr , Swellam Menha 
Published: October 2024

Background: In addition to the great challenge of early diagnosis and prognosis in breast cancer (BC), the role of gene promoters in BC remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 ( AKR1B1) methylation as noninvasive biomarker for early BC diagnosis. Methods: A total of 200 (120 with BC, 40 with benign breast diseases, 40 healthy) Egyptian women were enrolled. AKR1B1 methylation level was determined using EpiTect Methyl II QPCR assay quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Findings revealed that hypermethylation AKR1B1 was reported to be associated ( P < .0001) with BC cases (93.2 [75.4-98.6]) compared with benign (23.9 [22.6-48.3]) or healthy (15.5 [10.6-16]) controls. It had a great diagnostic power (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.909) that was superior to cancer antigen (CA) 15-3 (AUC = 0.681) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (AUC = 0.539). Interestingly, AKR1B1 hypermethylation was reported to be significant in identifying BC early stages (AUC = 0.899) and grades (AUC = 0.903). Independent to hormonal status and HER2neu expression, AKR1B1 hypermethylation was related to some tumor severity features, including advanced stages, high histological grades, and lymph node invasion. Also, AKR1B1 high degrees of methylation were significantly correlated with the increase in CEA ( r = .195; P = .027), CA-15.3 ( r = .351; P = .0001) and tumor stages ( r = .274; P = .014), grades ( r = .253; P = .024), and lymph node invasion ( r = .275; P = .014). Conclusions: This study revealed that aberrant AKR1B1 methylation could facilitate early BC detection from benign br0east disorders. Hypermethylated AKR1B1 was related to BC aggressiveness suggesting its potential role as diagnostic and prognostic BC biomarker.
A graphics-based digital twin (GBDT) framework for accurate UAV localization in GPS-denied environments
Authors: Matiki Thomas , Narazaki Yasutaka , Chowdhary Girish , Spencer Billie F 
Published: October 2024

Autonomous navigation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is crucial for effective assessment of large-scale civil infrastructure, as manual UAV control is time consuming and prone to mishaps. Autonomous navigation outdoors typically employs GPS signals to enable accurate localization and reduce long-term drifts. However, in many civil engineering applications, GPS signals are either poor or unavailable due to interference and/or multi-path effects. Current approaches for UAV localization in GPS-denied environments, track geometric features such as corners; however, these natural features can be misrepresented due to the presence of occlusions and/or image processing errors, resulting in significant localization errors that can grow with time. AprilTags can reduce localization errors, but installation on large-scale civil infrastructure can be challenging. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework that leverages the wealth of visual and geometric information encoded in a Graphics-Based Digital Twin (GBDT) of a target infrastructure to provide accurate localization of a UAV. The GBDT is comprised of a computer graphics model that faithfully represents a target structure’s geometry, structural features, and visual textures. The visual details of the GBDT are exploited to design an object recognition algorithm that detects GBDTtags, which are distinctive objects (or a collection of components) on the target structure in advance; GBDTtags provide functionality similar to AprilTags. When the camera attached to a UAV detects one or more GBDTtags, the vertices of the GBDTtags are mapped from the image plane into the GBDT coordinate system, allowing for the UAV to be localized. The framework, termed herein as GBDTpose, is first validated numerically using Blender, Gazebo, and Mavros software-in-the-loop (SITL). Subsequently, field validation is carried out using the Kavita and Lalit Bahl Smart Bridge at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). Results show that localization in GPS-denied environments can be achieved with 5-50 cm accuracy without the need for physical markers being placed on the structure.
Social workers’ views on neglect of people with disabilities: From perspectives to practices
Authors: Khateb Zahra , Mor Neta , Segal Michal , Gur Ayelet 
Published: October 2024

Summary This research explores the neglect of people with disabilities from the perspective of social workers in Israel, delving into the key issues and dilemmas surrounding their treatment. A qualitative approach was employed for this research. The study involved 40 social workers, with 25 completing an online qualitative survey and 15 participating in in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to identify major themes related to the studied issue. Findings The research identified three major themes. The first theme focuses on social workers’ perspectives on neglect of people with disabilities. The second theme explores challenges in social workers’ coping with the phenomenon of neglect of people with disabilities. The third theme delves into factors impeding treatment in cases of neglect of people with disabilities. Applications The neglect of people with disabilities constitutes a serious social problem that demands changes in policy and practice. Consequently, there is a pressing need to establish a clear definition of neglect, implement a national protocol for addressing the phenomenon, enhance the training of social workers, and bolster supervision and control to improve the response to neglect experienced by people with disabilities.
Establishment of a Prognostic Model for Pancreatic Cancer Based on Hypoxia-Related Genes
Authors: Wu Yangdong , Zhou Jianrui , Kou Qingyan , Sun Lin , Ma Yuan , Yang Tingting , Hu Xiao 
Published: October 2024

Objectives Pancreatic cancer presents a formidable challenge with its aggressive nature and dismal prognosis, often hampered by elusive early symptoms. The tumor microenvironment (TME) emerges as a pivotal player in pancreatic cancer progression and treatment responses, characterized notably by hypoxia and immunosuppression. In this study, we aimed to identify hypoxia-related genes and develop a prognostic model for pancreatic cancer leveraging these genes. Methods Through analysis of gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and subsequent GO/KEGG enrichment analysis, hypoxia-related pathways were identified. We constructed a prognostic model using lasso regression and validated it using an independent dataset. Results Our results showed that expression levels of PLAU, SLC2A1, and CA9 exhibited significant associations with prognosis in pancreatic cancer. The prognostic model, built upon these genes, displayed robust predictive accuracy and was validated in an independent dataset. Furthermore, we found a correlation between the risk score of the prognostic model and clinical parameters of pancreatic cancer patients. At the same time, we also explored the relationship between the established hypoxia-related prognostic model and the immune microenvironment at the single-cell level. RT-qPCR results showed notable differences in the expression of hypoxia pathway-related genes between normal PANC-1 and hypoxic-treated PANC-1 cells. Conclusion Our study provides insights into the role of the hypoxic microenvironment in pancreatic cancer and offers a promising prognostic tool for clinical application.
Radiomic Machine Learning in Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer: Prediction of Ki-67 Expression Level Based on Radiomics of DCE-MRI
Authors: Yang Huan , Wang Wenxi , Cheng Zhiyong , Zheng Tao , Cheng Cheng , Cheng Mengyu , Wang Zhanqiu 
Published: October 2024

Purpose Our study aimed to investigate the potential of radiomics with DCE-MRI for predicting Ki-67 expression in invasive ductal breast cancer. Method We conducted a retrospective study including 223 patients diagnosed with invasive ductal breast cancer. Radiomics features were extracted from DCE-MRI using 3D-Slicer software. Two Ki-67 expression cutoff values (20% and 29%) were examined. Patients were divided into training (70%) and test (30%) sets. The Elastic Net method selected relevant features, and five machine-learning models were established. Radiomics models were created from intratumoral, peritumoral, and combined regions. Performance was assessed using ROC curves, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Result For a Ki-67 cutoff value of 20%, the combined model exhibited the highest performance, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.838 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.774–0.897) for the training set and 0.863 (95% CI: 0.764–0.949) for the test set. The AUC values for the tumor model were 0.816 (95% CI: 0.745–0.880) and 0.830 (95% CI: 0.724–0.916), and for the peritumor model were 0.790 (95% CI: 0.711–0.857) and 0.808 (95% CI: 0.682–0.910). When the Ki-67 cutoff value was set at 29%, the combined model also demonstrated superior predictive ability in both training set (AUC: 0.796; 95% CI: 0.724–0.862) and the test set (AUC: 0.823; 95% CI: 0.723–0.911). The AUC values for the tumor model were 0.785 (95% CI: 0.708–0.861) and 0.784 (95% CI: 0.663–0.882), and for the peritumor model were 0.773 (95% CI: 0.690–0.844) and 0.729 (95% CI: 0.603–0.847). Conclusion Radiomics with DCE-MRI can predict Ki-67 expression in invasive ductal breast cancer. Integrating radiomics features from intratumoral and peritumoral regions yields a dependable prognostic model, facilitating pre-surgical detection and treatment decisions. This holds potential for commercial diagnostic tools.
Medicine and Motion: The Link Between Medications and Exercise
Authors: Haag Sarah J. , Damaschke Jeffrey A. , Srivastava Sneha 
Published: October 2024

There is abundant evidence about the impact of physical activity on health. Many of the clinical guidelines include physical activity as a strong recommendation in treatment plans to optimize health outcomes; however it is necessary to consider the interaction between medications and physical activity. There are certain medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, pain and urinary incontinence that may directly impact physical activity as well as medications for those conditions can affect how a person can be physically active. Having individualized conversations with patients to determine ways to incorporate physical activity into their lives, taking medications into consideration, may lead to healthier outcomes.