bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Kaolinite
Authors: Detellier Christian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe world resources of all clays are extremely large. Among the various types of clays, the world mine production of kaolin in 2016 was 37.0 Mt, the largest mined clay. Kaolin is traditionally used in ceramics, refractories and as paper coating and filling. But kaolin, as it is demonstrated in this paper, has a bright potential for use in non‐traditional, high value‐added, applications. This is particularly true for its principal component: the mineral species kaolinite which has a chemical structure allowing its functionalization, leading to a variety of potential applications. Kaolinite is a layered 1 : 1 clay mineral, the layer being made of two different sheets, a tetrahedral silica sheet and an octahedral alumina sheet. Large dipole‐dipole interactions, in addition to a network of H‐bonds, link the siloxane surface of a layer to the aluminol surface of another layer, making intercalation of guest species in kaolinite challenging. There is however a limited number of molecular units (molecules or salts) that can directly intercalate in kaolinite to form “pre‐intercalates”. Once intercalated these molecular units can be exchanged by a large number and variety of guests, providing access to the interlayer space of kaolinite, and to its reactive aluminol internal surfaces. The intercalation of molecules of pharmacological interest showed the potential of kaolinite to act as a slow‐releasing agent for drugs, and the intercalation of polymers resulted in the creation of intercalated nanocomposites. The intercalation of ionic liquids gave materials with ionic conductivity properties in the solid‐state. Intercalates are however unstable in water. One needed to make these organo‐inorgano nanohybrid materials resistant to hydrolysis and more thermally stable. The network of aluminol groups on the internal surfaces of kaolinite offers the opportunity to design and create controlled organo‐inorgano nanohybrid materials, taking advantage of their reactivity, in particular with hydroxyl groups of organic compounds, to form Al−O−C bonds. A functional, two‐dimensional, spatially restricted, environment can be created with controlled nanoarchitecture. The grafting of organic groups on the aluminol internal carpets has allowed applications in catalysis, in sensing, in heavy metals adsorption, in exfoliated nanocomposite, in luminescence, and in structural modifications to form nanoscrolls or nanorolls. This paper shows how the future of the use of kaolinite will shift from its traditional uses in ceramics, tiles and paper coating to more sophisticated, high value‐added, uses. In particular, research should amplify in the years to come to design an efficient and cost‐effective method to produce kaolinite with nanotubular morphology. One can foresee also that efficient, easy‐to‐use, electrochemical devices based on modified kaolinite, will be created to quantify selectively a variety of pollutants in waste waters.
Consensus on Training and Implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: A Delphi Study
Authors: Francis Nader K. , Walker Thomas , Carter Fiona , Hübner Martin , Balfour Angela , Jakobsen Dorthe Hjort , Burch Jennie , Wasylak Tracy , Demartines Nicolas , Lobo Dileep N. , Addor Valerie , Ljungqvist Olle 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is widely accepted in current surgical practice due to its positive impact on patient outcomes. The successful implementation of ERAS is challenging and compliance with protocols varies widely. Continual staff education is essential for successful ERAS programmes. Teaching modalities exist, but there remains no agreement regarding the optimal training curriculum or how its effectiveness is assessed. We aimed to draw consensus from an expert panel regarding the successful training and implementation of ERAS.MethodsA modified Delphi technique was used; three rounds of questionnaires were sent to 58 selected international experts from 11 countries across multiple ERAS specialities and multidisciplinary teams (MDT) between January 2016 and February 2017. We interrogated opinion regarding four topics: (1) the components of a training curriculum and the structure of training courses; (2) the optimal framework for successful implementation and audit of ERAS including a guide for data collection; (3) a framework to assess the effectiveness of training; (4) criteria to define ERAS training centres of excellence.ResultsAn ERAS training course must cover the evidence‐based principles of ERAS with team‐oriented training. Successful implementation requires strong leadership, an ERAS facilitator and an effective MDT. Effectiveness of training can be measured by improved compliance. A training centre of excellence should show a willingness to teach and demonstrable team working.ConclusionsWe propose an international expert consensus providing an ERAS training curriculum, a framework for successful implementation, methods for assessing effectiveness of training and a definition of ERAS training centres of excellence.
Which Patients Require Extended Thromboprophylaxis After Colectomy? Modeling Risk and Assessing Indications for Post‐discharge Pharmacoprophylaxis
Authors: Beal Eliza W. , Tumin Dmitry , Chakedis Jeffery , Porter Erica , Moris Dimitrios , Zhang Xu‐feng , Arnold Mark , Harzman Alan , Husain Syed , Schmidt Carl R. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundGiven the conflicting nature of reported risk factors for post‐discharge venous thromboembolism (VTE) and unclear guidelines for post‐discharge pharmacoprophylaxis, we sought to determine risk factors for 30‐day post‐discharge VTE after colectomy to predict which patients will benefit from post‐discharge pharmacoprophylaxis.MethodsPatients who underwent colectomy in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project Participant Use Files from 2011 to 2015 were identified. Logistic regression modeling was used. Receiver‐operating characteristic curves were used and the best cut‐points were determined using Youden’s J index (sensitivity + specificity − 1). Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit test was used to test model calibration. A random sample of 30% of the cohort was used as a validation set.ResultsAmong 77,823 cases, the overall incidence of VTE after colectomy was 1.9%, with 0.7% of VTE events occurring in the post‐discharge setting. Factors associated with post‐discharge VTE risk including body mass index, preoperative albumin, operation time, hospital length of stay, race, smoking status, inflammatory bowel disease, return to the operating room and postoperative ileus were included in logistic regression equation model. The model demonstrated good calibration (goodness of fit P = 0.7137) and good discrimination (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.68; validation set, AUC = 0.70). A score of ≥−5.00 had the maxim sensitivity and specificity, resulting in 36.63% of patients being treated with prophylaxis for an overall VTE risk of 0.67%.ConclusionApproximately one‐third of post‐colectomy VTE events occurred after discharge. Patients with predicted post‐discharge VTE risk of ≥−5.00 should be recommended for extended post‐discharge VTE prophylaxis.
Anytime diagnosis for reconfiguration
Authors: Felfernig Alexander , Walter Rouven , Galindo José A. , Benavides David , Erdeniz Seda Polat , Atas Müslüm , Reiterer Stefan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Many domains require scalable algorithms that help to determine diagnoses efficiently and often within predefined time limits. Anytime diagnosis is able to determine solutions in such a way and thus is especially useful in real-time scenarios such as production scheduling, robot control, and communication networks management where diagnosis and corresponding reconfiguration capabilities play a major role. Anytime diagnosis in many cases comes along with a trade-off between diagnosis quality and the efficiency of diagnostic reasoning. In this paper we introduce and analyze FlexDiag which is an anytime direct diagnosis approach. We evaluate the algorithm with regard to performance and diagnosis quality using a configuration benchmark from the domain of feature models and an industrial configuration knowledge base from the automotive domain. Results show that FlexDiag helps to significantly increase the performance of direct diagnosis search with corresponding quality tradeoffs in terms of minimality and accuracy.
A timesaving estimation of per‐quadrat species number in grassland communities based on a Poisson‐like model
Authors: Chen Jun , Shiyomi Masae , Bai Huimin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn estimating the number of species per quadrat with a given area, we usually need much time and labor, because we have no simple ways to easily count it using hardware. We devised here a software method to estimate the mean number of species by counting them only partially in the survey, and estimating it mathematically. We classify quadrats into three classes composed of k, k + 1 and more than k + 1 species; or classify quadrats into four classes composed of k, k + 1, k + 2, and more than k + 2 (referred to as “censored sampling”), where k is the minimum number of species per quadrat. We do not need to count more than k + 2 or k + 3 species, respectively. Using only these 3 or 4 numerals we can estimate the mean of number of species per quadrat, the 95% confidence intervals for the mean and know the spatial pattern value such as aggregated, random or uniform pattern of the number of species per quadrat. Using this method, 10–20% time and labor in counting will be saved compared to the full census. The estimates are obtained through the maximum likelihood calculation. Computer programs to estimate the mean number of species per quadrat are attached as ESMs.
Reconstrução cirúrgica após excisão de extenso mixofibrossarcoma do membro superior
Authors: Batista Kátia Tôrres , Martins Valney Claudino Sampaio , Schwartzman Ulises Prieto y , Ferreira Telma Leonel 
Published: January 2018

ResumoO mixofibrossarcoma é um raro sarcoma de partes moles. Os autores apresentam o relato de um caso, em mulher jovem, de exerese e reconstrução de extenso mixofibrossarcoma de baixo grau localizado no antebraço, no punho e na mão. Fez-se a exerese ampla em monobloco conforme achados de ressonância magnética e estudo histopatológico transoperatório. Usaram-se a matriz dérmica e o enxerto de pele total associado a programa fisioterápico pós-operatório. Os aspectos relacionados ao diagnóstico diferencial do mixofibrossarcoma em paciente jovem, seu caráter infiltrativo, a ampla excisão, a reconstrução em dois tempos cirúrgicos (com o uso de matriz dérmica e enxerto de pele total) e o programa fisioterápico pós-operatório são relevantes.
Legal Consciousness as Viewed through the Judicial Iconography of the Madras High Court
Authors: KHORAKIWALA Rahela 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Madras High Court located in Chennai, India, was established in 1862 when India was under colonial rule. It continues to exist in post-independence India after merging into the Indian legal system. In this study, I argue that the architecture and judicial iconography of the Madras High Court building reflects a recurring historical tension between Indian and British concepts of justice. This is continually reflected in the semiotics of the legal space of this high court which in turn influences the legal consciousness of the court personnel who utilize this space. This architecture and iconography of the Madras High Court constitutes, preserves, and reinforces the ambivalent legal consciousness of those who created, occupy, and visit this space. The contemporary legal consciousness of the court personnel is thus seen to have deep historical roots.
Evaluation of Cognition and Cortical Excitability in Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Kamble Nitish , Netravathi M. , Nagaraju B.C. , Lenka Abhishek , Kumar Keshav , Sowmya V. , Jain Sanjeev , Pal Pramod Kumar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground: Recent advances in neurophysiological techniques have contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiology of Huntington’s disease (HD). Studies of the motor cortical excitability and central motor pathways have shown variable results. Objectives: Our aims were to evaluate the cortical excitability changes in HD using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and correlate the changes with cognitive impairment. Methods: The study included 32 HD patients and 30 age- and gender-matched controls. The demographic and clinical profiles of the patients were recorded. All subjects were evaluated by TMS and resting motor threshold (RMT), central motor conduction time (CMCT), silent period (SP), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation were determined. A battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to all subjects. Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.1±14.1 years, and that of controls 39.4±12.4 years (p=0.61). There was no significant difference in RMT and CMCT between the two groups. There was a mild prolongation of the contralateral SP in HD, but it was not significant. SICI was significantly reduced in HD (p<0.0001). A significant impairment in attention, verbal fluency, executive function, visuospatial function, learning, and memory was observed in HD patients. However, there was no correlation between cortical excitability changes and cognitive impairment. Conclusions: TMS is a valuable method of evaluating cortical excitability changes in HD. These patients have reduced SICI and significant impairment of cognition in multiple domains.
Anxiety and Depression in Adult First Seizure Presentations
Authors: Lane Ciaran , Crocker Candice , Legg Karen , Borden Mallory , Pohlmann-Eden Bernd 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjective:To define the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients at the time of their first seizure presentation to a neurologist.Methods:Our pilot study uses a cohort approach with multimodal data (clinical, social, structural [3T magnetic resonance imaging], and functional [electroencephalogram]). We screened 105 patients referred to the Halifax First Seizure Clinic between 2014 and 2016 and 51 controls. All participants completed two screening questionnaires: Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item. After applying the exclusion criteria, the study population consisted of 57 patients with unprovoked first seizure and 31 controls. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was based on cutoff scores of >15 and >14 respectively.Results:Unprovoked first seizure patients showed higher prevalence of depression (33%) compared with control (6%) with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.75 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-10.5). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anxiety between control subjects (9.7%) and unprovoked first seizure patients (23%). Subcategory analysis conducted after diagnosis confirmation revealed significantly increased OR of depression in patients diagnosed with new-onset epilepsy (OR, 11.6; 95% CI, 2.1-64.0) and newly diagnosed epilepsy (OR, 20.0; 95% CI,2.2-181), but not first seizure only patients (OR, 2.2; 95% CI,0.28-17.6) compared with control.Conclusions:Our study supports a bidirectional relationship between the first seizure and depression. Prevalence rate of depression increased with duration of undiagnosed epilepsy at the time of first clinical assessment.
Effects of green coffee extract supplementation on anthropometric indices, glycaemic control, blood pressure, lipid profile, insulin resistance and appetite in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Roshan Hanieh , Nikpayam Omid , Sedaghat Meghdad , Sohrab Golbon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to elucidate the effects of decaffeinated green coffee bean extract (GCE) on anthropometric indices, glycaemic control, blood pressure, lipid profile, insulin resistance and appetite in patients with the metabolic syndrome (Mets). Subjects were randomly allocated to consume 400 mg GCE or placebo capsules twice per d for 8 weeks. Both groups were advised to follow an energy balanced diet. After GCE supplementation, systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly reduced compared with the placebo group (−13·76 (sd 8·48) v. −6·56 (sd 9·58) mmHg, P=0·01). Also, GCE treatment significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBS) (−5·15 (sd 60·22) v. 29·42 (sd 40·01) mg/dl (−0·28 (SD 3·34) v. 1·63 (SD 2·22) mmol/l); P=0·03) and homoeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance in comparison to placebo (−1·41 (sd 3·33) v. 1·23 (sd 3·84), P=0·02). In addition, waist circumference (−2·40 (sd 2·54) v. −0·66 (sd 1·17) cm, P=0·009) and appetite score (−1·44 (sd 1·72) v. −0·2 (sd 1·32), P=0·01) of the individuals supplemented with GCE indicated a significant decline. Besides, weight and BMI reduction in the intervention group was almost twice as much as the placebo group; however, this discrepancy was marginally significant (weight: −2·08 (sd 2·11) v. −0·92 (sd 1·30) kg, P=0·05). No difference was observed in terms of glycated Hb (HbA1c) percentage and lipid profile parameters between the two groups. To sum up, GCE administration had an ameliorating effect on some of the Mets components such as high SBP, high FBS and Mets main aetiological factors including insulin resistance and abdominal obesity. Furthermore, GCE supplementation could reduce appetite level.
A Brief History of Incivility in Rural Postcolonial India: Caste, Religion, and Anthropology
Authors: Simpson Edward , Tilche Alice , Sbriccoli Tommaso , Jeffery Patricia , Otten Tina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAnthropological studies of Indian villages conducted in the 1950s and 1960s form a valuable archive of rural life soon after India's independence. We compare sections of that archive with recent fieldwork in the same villages in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha. If we trust the ethnography of the 1950s, domestic and caste spheres were the locations of village incivility. It is noteworthy that there is no reference in the early work to the Partition of the subcontinent that had occurred just a few years before. Neither is there mention of discrimination or violence carried out in the name of religion in these locations. New fieldwork reveals a different story about the rise of wholesale religious incivility in the public sphere. Caste has not vanished, but inter-caste relations have taken on new forms. We suggest that the intersection of affirmative action policies, political parties, and the systematic penetration of Hindu nationalist organizations has been crucial in the remaking of rural India.
The Quest for the “Community” of Q: Mapping Q Within the Social, Scribal, and Textual Landscape(s) of Second Temple Judaism
Authors: Joseph Simon J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWas there a “Q community”? There are many who think that any quest for a “Q community” is a fool's errand. In this paper, I revisit this vexing question by focusing on several distinctive textual coordinates with which we can map Q's author within the social, textual, and theological landscape(s) of Second Temple Judaism. Since the author of Q was capable of crafting innovative scriptural allusions and adapting inherited Jesus traditions, I suggest that Q is not an isolated “Galilean” phenomenon but a textual production that combines Galilean Jesus traditions in conversation with contemporary Jewish apocalyptic traditions and can be located alongside the wider “Essenic” networks that pre-dated and co-existed with the Palestinian Jewish Jesus movement.
The Political Mobility of China's Central State-Owned Enterprise Leaders
Authors: Leutert Wendy 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExtensive research on the political mobility of Chinese officials at central, provincial, municipal and county levels has yet to fully consider an important group of elites – the leaders of China's core central state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This paper presents the first systematic analysis of their political mobility between 2003 and 2012 using an original biographical dataset with 864 leader-year observations. Under the Hu Jintao administration, these leaders emerged as a distinctive group within China's top political elite: increasingly well-educated but lacking experience beyond state-owned industry, with both lengthening leadership tenures and years of previous work in their companies. Instead of a “revolving door” through which these individuals rotate routinely between state-owned business and the Party-state to positions of successively higher rank, a top executive posting was most often a “one-way exit” to retirement. Of those who advanced politically, virtually all were transferred laterally along three career pathways with little overlap: to other core central SOEs; provinces; and the centre. This paper underscores the theoretical importance of disaggregating types of lateral transfer to research on Chinese officials’ political mobility and the cadre management system.
Warmer weather as a risk factor for hospitalisations due to urinary tract infections
Authors: Simmering J. E. , Cavanaugh J. E. , Polgreen L. A. , Polgreen P. M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is seasonal, and this seasonality may be explained by changes in weather, specifically, temperature. Using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we identified the geographic location for 581 813 hospital admissions with the primary diagnosis of a UTI and 56 630 773 non-UTI hospitalisations in the United States. Next, we used data from the National Climatic Data Center to estimate the monthly average temperature for each location. Using a case–control design, we modelled the odds of a hospital admission having a primary diagnosis of UTI as a function of demographics, payer, location, patient severity, admission month, year and the average temperature for the admission month. We found, after controlling for patient factors and month of admission, the odds of a UTI diagnosis increased with higher temperatures in a dose-dependent manner. For example, relative to months with average temperatures of 5–7.5 °C, an admission in a month with an average temperature of 27.5–30 °C has 20% higher odds of a primary diagnosis of UTI. However, in months with extremely high average temperatures (above 30 °C), the odds of a UTI admissions decrease, perhaps due to changes in behaviour. Thus, at a population level, UTI-related hospitalisations are associated with warmer weather.