bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Germination of native and introduced plants from scats of Fallow Deer (Dama dama) and Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) in a south‐eastern Australian woodland landscape
Authors: Claridge Andrew W. , Hunt Rob , Thrall Peter H. , Mills Douglas J. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIntroduced deer occur in many forests and woodlands in Australia and potentially play an important role in influencing the floristics and structure of these landscapes through eating plants and disseminating seeds. In a glasshouse trial, we tested whether field‐collected scats of Fallow Deer (Dama dama) contained viable plant seeds. Scats of deer obtained from a woodland study area in Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales, produced seedlings from a range of native and introduced plant species. Forbs and herbs were dominant in these samples, confirming the grazing behaviour of deer at the time scats were collected. Samples of scats from Eastern Grey Kangaroos (Macropus giganteus), collected contemporaneously from the same sites as deer scats, also produced plant germinants. By volume, deer scats produced a greater diversity of plant germinants, including native and weed species, than did kangaroo scats. Although no weed species emanating from deer or kangaroo scats were of national significance, several species were of regional environmental significance, including Common Mullein (Verbascum thapsis), which was only found germinating out of deer scat, Stinkgrass (Eragrostis cilianensis) and Purpletop (Verbena bonariensis). In addition to dispersing viable seeds, Fallow Deer may also influence vegetation structure through their browsing. Further research is necessary to elucidate their respective role in dispersing native and introduced plants as well as any impacts that foraging behaviour might be having on woodland landscapes, to better inform management of the resident deer population.
Managing fire‐dependent vegetation in Byron Shire, Australia: Are we restoring the keystone ecological process of fire?
Authors: Baker Andrew G. , Catterall Claudia 
Published: January 2016

SummaryFire is a keystone ecological process in many ecosystems. In such ecosystems, the exclusion of fire can lead to fundamental shifts in vegetation structure, composition and distribution and poses a major threat to the biodiversity dependent on these habitats. Programmes to manage and restore native vegetation have increased rapidly over recent decades, and while many such programmes have demonstrable success managing a range of environmental threats, their effectiveness in identifying and addressing the major threat of fire exclusion in fire‐dependent vegetation is questionable. This study sought to identify impediments to the management of fire‐excluded vegetation at the assessment and planning stage of ecological management programmes in Byron Shire in north‐east New South Wales. Sixty ecological management and restoration plans for sites known to be fire‐excluded in the shire were reviewed to determine the rate at which fire exclusion was identified and addressed in planning over the last decade. Document analysis found the majority of plans failed to accurately identify fire exclusion or to recommend the reintroduction of fire in fire‐excluded management sites. Absence of standardised guidelines that require comprehensive consideration of fire exclusion in ecological management and restoration plans is suggested as a key factor in the low response rates observed. Furthermore, it was found that existing implicit prompts to address inappropriate‐fire regimes generally, including government policies, project objectives and site‐assessment prompts had little effect on identification and response rates, further confirming the need for more‐explicit assessment prompts relating to fire‐frequency issues. Without improvements of the current ecological assessment and planning process to increase identification and management of fire exclusion in the study area, fire‐dependent biodiversity values will continue to decline wherever fire exclusion remains unmanaged. It is recommended that explicit assessment and planning templates are developed and implemented to effectively manage fire exclusion and conserve the fire‐dependent biodiversity of Byron Shire and the far north coast of NSW.
Meeting the Increasing Demands on Family Attorneys Representing Clients with Mental Health Challenges
Authors: Frost Lynda E. , Beck Connie J. A. 
Published: January 2016

The changing nature of family court and increasing awareness of mental health challenges force family lawyers to navigate tricky legal, ethical, and practical issues. This article reviews increased complexity for litigants as a result of procedural changes in the current family court, the rise of pro se representation, and statutory changes encouraging shared parental care of children. It analyzes common legal and ethical challenges for attorneys representing potentially impaired clients. It details practical means of supporting clients and increasing their capacity to engage meaningfully in family court matters. This roadmap can guide lawyers in improving their knowledge and skills in order to meet legal and ethical standards for representing family law clients with mental health challenges.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
Trends such as procedural changes in the current family court, the rise of pro se representation, and statutory changes encouraging shared parental care of children require significant engagement and competence on the part of litigants.
Family attorneys have a complex task in representing a possibly impaired client, as they must gauge the client's level of functioning throughout the legal process to ensure the client has sufficient capacity to participate meaningfully.
Legal requirements and ethical guidelines address and shape many aspects of an attorney's interactions with a client living with mental illness.
Experienced attorneys can support clients in maximizing their capacity to engage in family court proceedings.
Therapeutic Privilege and Custody Evaluations: Discovery of Treatment Records
Authors: Simon Robert A. , Willick Daniel H. 
Published: January 2016

Mental health professionals play a variety of roles in family law litigation. Each role has its own set of principles, rules, and responsibilities. It is important therapists understand the implications of their giving input in litigated cases, that they are aware of the need to obtain proper informed consent from their patients before disclosing confidential therapy information, and that they understand how their relationship with their patient may be affected by their involvement in litigation. This article explores the issue of therapeutic privilege in custody evaluation and issues surrounding the discovery of treatment records in such cases. The competing need for the court to have adequate information to make well‐advised orders regarding children must be balanced against the patient's privacy and the need to emsure that those seeking therapy at what is a particularly stressful time in their lives are not unduly impacted by concerns that the therapist–patient privilege may be compromised.

Keypoints for the Family Court Community:
Conflicting goals and roles for mental health professionals in custody litigation
Protection of the psychotherapist–patient privilege and therapeutic alliance versus the state's interest in knowing information pertinent to understanding the best interests of children
Legal precedents related to the protection of confidentiality and the psychotherapist–patient privilege
The importance of informed consent in the disclosure of treatment progress and treatment records
Understanding the Parenting Experience of A Child With Mental Illness and the Construct of Parent Recovery within the Social Service and Court Communities
Authors: O'Connor Thomas J. 
Published: January 2016

The Courts manage a child with mental illness as an invested yet impersonal steward of change or supervision. An invested parent is the true personal steward of that child's welfare. That stewardship can create trauma over time and therefore benefit from technical supports to sustain attention, hope, and vitality. This article is a perspective‐based article detailing the psychological experience of parenting the adolescent and young adult child with a mental illness and presents the current construct of ‘recovery’ as an evidence‐based method to enhance parent competency.

Practitioner's Key Points:
Persons working within the court systems that manage families raising a child with a mental illness need to understand each families’ basic resource needs.
Properly training and supporting parents of a child with mental illness can lessen the burden of other court and social service resources in servicing these families.
Understanding the construct of recovery in managing mental illness provides professionals working within the court systems with new tools to deliver better outcomes.
Special Considerations in Child Custody Evaluations for Children with High‐Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Rappaport Sol R. , Kanter Cecily , Anast Kara 
Published: January 2016

Asperger's Disorder, which now is subsumed under Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the DSM‐5, is increasingly being identified in children and adolescents. As a result, professionals in family law courts will have more exposure to children with ASD. However, there are limited guidelines and few published studies directing how family court professionals should take into account the unique needs of these families. This article will provide the reader with an understanding of high‐functioning ASD, the impact it has on the family, and comorbid issues. This article provides specific suggestions for how evaluators should assess families when a child has ASD and will provide guidance for attorneys and judges.

Keypoints for the Family Court Community:
The rate of autism has increased in recent decades leading to more children with autism being involved with family court professionals.
Attorneys, judges, and mental health professionals working in family court need to understand high‐functioning autism and its impact on children, parents, and their families.
Families with children with high‐functioning autism require custom‐made parenting plans that address the unique needs of the child.
In developing parenting plans, family court professionals need to consider comorbid disorders when dealing with children and adolescents with autism.
Family court professionals should have additional training and expertise when working with families where a child has high‐functioning autism.
When families of children with autism are involved in family court, they present a broad range of unique factors which impact educational issues, parenting plans, decision making, treatment, and the entire family system.
Carbon dynamics of mature and regrowth tropical forests derived from a pantropical database (TropForC‐db)
Authors: Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. , Wang Maria M. H. , McGarvey Jennifer C. , LeBauer David S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTropical forests play a critical role in the global carbon (C) cycle, storing ~45% of terrestrial C and constituting the largest component of the terrestrial C sink. Despite their central importance to the global C cycle, their ecosystem‐level C cycles are not as well‐characterized as those of extra‐tropical forests, and knowledge gaps hamper efforts to quantify C budgets across the tropics and to model tropical forest‐climate interactions. To advance understanding of C dynamics of pantropical forests, we compiled a new database, the Tropical Forest C database (TropForC‐db), which contains data on ground‐based measurements of ecosystem‐level C stocks and annual fluxes along with disturbance history. This database currently contains 3568 records from 845 plots in 178 geographically distinct areas, making it the largest and most comprehensive database of its type. Using TropForC‐db, we characterized C stocks and fluxes for young, intermediate‐aged, and mature forests. Relative to existing C budgets of extra‐tropical forests, mature tropical broadleaf evergreen forests had substantially higher gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco), their autotropic respiration (Ra) consumed a larger proportion (~67%) of GPP, and their woody stem growth (ANPPstem) represented a smaller proportion of net primary productivity (NPP, ~32%) or GPP (~9%). In regrowth stands, aboveground biomass increased rapidly during the first 20 years following stand‐clearing disturbance, with slower accumulation following agriculture and in deciduous forests, and continued to accumulate at a slower pace in forests aged 20–100 years. Most other C stocks likewise increased with stand age, while potential to describe age trends in C fluxes was generally data‐limited. We expect that TropForC‐db will prove useful for model evaluation and for quantifying the contribution of forests to the global C cycle. The database version associated with this publication is archived in Dryad (DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t516f) and a dynamic version is maintained at https://github.com/forc-db.
Long‐term chemical evolution and modification of continental basement brines – a field study from the Schwarzwald, SW Germany
Authors: Walter B. F. , Burisch M. , Markl G. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHighly saline, deep‐seated basement brines are of major importance for ore‐forming processes, but their genesis is controversial. Based on studies of fluid inclusions from hydrothermal veins of various ages, we reconstruct the temporal evolution of continental basement fluids from the Variscan Schwarzwald (Germany). During the Carboniferous (vein type i), quartz–tourmaline veins precipitated from low‐salinity (<4.5wt% NaCl + CaCl2), high‐temperature (≤390°C) H2O‐NaCl‐(CO2‐CH4) fluids with Cl/Br mass ratios = 50–146. In the Permian (vein type ii), cooling of H2O‐NaCl‐(KCl‐CaCl2) metamorphic fluids (T ≤ 310°C, 2–4.5wt% NaCl + CaCl2, Cl/Br mass ratios = 90) leads to the precipitation of quartz‐Sb‐Au veins. Around the Triassic–Jurassic boundary (vein type iii), quartz–haematite veins formed from two distinct fluids: a low‐salinity fluid (similar to (ii)) and a high‐salinity fluid (T = 100–320°C, >20wt% NaCl + CaCl2, Cl/Br mass ratios = 60–110). Both fluids types were present during vein formation but did not mix with each other (because of hydrogeological reasons). Jurassic–Cretaceous veins (vein type iv) record fluid mixing between an older bittern brine (Cl/Br mass ratios ~80) and a younger halite dissolution brine (Cl/Br mass ratios >1000) of similar salinity, resulting in a mixed H2O‐NaCl‐CaCl2 brine (50–140°C, 23–26wt% NaCl + CaCl2, Cl/Br mass ratios = 80–520). During post‐Cretaceous times (vein type v), the opening of the Upper Rhine Graben and the concomitant juxtaposition of various aquifers, which enabled mixing of high‐ and low‐salinity fluids and resulted in vein formation (multicomponent fluid H2O‐NaCl‐CaCl2‐(SO4‐HCO3), 70–190°C, 5–25wt% NaCl‐CaCl2 and Cl/Br mass ratios = 2–140). The first occurrence of highly saline brines is recorded in veins that formed shortly after deposition of halite in the Muschelkalk Ocean above the basement, suggesting an external source of the brine's salinity. Hence, today's brines in the European basement probably developed from inherited evaporitic bittern brines. These were afterwards extensively modified by fluid–rock interaction on their migration paths through the crystalline basement and later by mixing with younger meteoric fluids and halite dissolution brines.
Cognitive impairment is associated with the absence of fear of falling in community‐dwelling frail older adults
Authors: Shirooka Hidehiko , Nishiguchi Shu , Fukutani Naoto , Tashiro Yuto , Nozaki Yuma , Hirata Hinako , Yamaguchi Moe , Tasaka Seishiro , Matsushita Tomofumi , Matsubara Keisuke , Aoyama Tomoki 
Published: January 2016

AimThe purpose of the present study was to explore the association between cognitive function and fear of falling in frail/non‐frail older adults in a community setting.MethodsWe recruited 483 community‐dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older (mean age 73.3 ± 5.1 years, 68.3% women). Fear of falling was assessed using a yes/no question, “Are you afraid of falling?” Cognitive function was measured using the Mini‐Mental State Examination. The five subscores of the examination were also recorded. We used the frailty criteria developed by the Cardiovascular Health Study, and divided the participants into non‐frail and frail groups according to the number of affected domains. The statistical analyses were carried out separately for these two groups.ResultsA multiple logistic regression analysis showed that, in frail older adults, cognitive impairment was significantly associated with the absence of fear of falling (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.00–0.50, P = 0.012). In addition, a stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the score on the attention and calculation subsection of the Mini‐Mental State Examination was positively associated with the presence of fear of falling in frail older adults (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.08–3.12, P = 0.026). In contrast, cognitive impairment was not associated with fear of falling in non‐frail older adults.ConclusionsThe results suggest that cognitive impairment, especially that in executive function, is associated with the absence of fear of falling in community‐dwelling frail older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 232–238.
Neuroimaging signatures of frailty: A population‐based study in community‐dwelling older adults (the Atahualpa Project)
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H , Mera Robertino M , Cagino Kristen , Fanning Kathryn D , Milla‐Martinez Marleni F , Nieves Johnathan L , Zambrano Mauricio , Sedler Mark J 
Published: January 2016

AimsFrailty is a geriatric state of physical vulnerability that might be associated with cognitive decline in the absence of a concurrent neurodegenerative disorder. This assumes that neuroimaging studies are normal, but such examinations have rarely been considered for a frailty work‐up. The present study identifies neuroimaging signatures in older adults interviewed with the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS).MethodsCommunity‐dwellers aged ≥60 years enrolled in the Atahualpa Project were invited to undergo brain magnetic resonance imaging. Using generalized regression models, we evaluated the association between frailty and diffuse cortical and subcortical brain damage, after adjusting for relevant confounders. Multivariate models estimated the interaction of age in the association between frailty and these neuroimaging signatures.ResultsOut of 298 participants (mean age 70 ± 8 years, 57% women), 151 (51%) had moderate‐to‐severe cortical atrophy and 74 (25%) had moderate‐to‐severe white matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin. Mean EFS scores were 5 ± 3 points, with 140 (47%) individuals classified as robust, 65 (22%) as pre‐frail and 93 (31%) as frail. Multivariate models showed a significant association between cortical atrophy with the continuous (P = 0.002) and the categorized (P = 0.008) EFS score. The relationship between white matter hyperintensities and the EFS was marginal. According to interaction models, prefrail or frail individuals aged ≥67 years presented more prominent neuroimaging signatures of diffuse cortical or subcortical damage than their robust counterparts.ConclusionsNeuroimaging signatures of frailty are mainly related to age. This reinforces the importance of early frailty detection to reduce its catastrophic consequences. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 270–276.
Loss of ezrin in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is associated with ectopic expression of E‐cadherin
Authors: Guedj Nathalie , Vaquero Javier , Clapéron Audrey , Mergey Martine , Chrétien Yves , Paradis Valérie , Fouassier Laura 
Published: January 2016

AimsEzrin connects proteins from the plasma membrane to the subcortical cytoskeleton, and contributes to epithelial integrity by interacting with the cell–cell adhesion molecule E‐cadherin. In the liver, ezrin is restricted to cholangiocytes, where it regulates biliary secretory functions. During carcinogenesis, ezrin expression is impaired and associated with enhancement of cell migratory activity in cancer cells; therefore, we aimed to analyse ezrin in cholangiocarcinogenesis.Methods and resultsEzrin expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays from 94 surgical specimens of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and correlated with clinicopathological factors and E‐cadherin expression. Ezrin function was also analysed in human CCA cell lines. In CCA, ezrin was negative/weakly expressed in 49 cases (52%) and moderately/strongly expressed in 45 cases (48%), mostly in cell cytoplasm. The negative/weak expression of ezrin was more frequent in peripheral than in perihilar CCA (P = 0.002), and was associated with high tumour size (P = 0.001), low mucus secretion (P = 0.042), the presence of satellite nodules (P = 0.024), and ectopic cytoplasmic expression of E‐cadherin (P = 0.005). In vitro, silencing of ezrin in CCA cells caused internalization of E‐cadherin and favoured cell migration.ConclusionsEzrin is down‐regulated during cholangiocarcinogenesis, and its loss results in a more aggressive phenotype.
Defining Purpose and Process in Teaching History with Case Studies
Authors: Dougherty Jack 
Published: January 2016

When theHistory of Education Quarterlyeditors invited us to contribute to this forum, they asked us to reflect on how we taught histoiy with case studies. To jump-start our exchange, they suggested four possible purposes for teaching history in this way, which I have paraphrased below:•To reflect on the antecedents of the so-called “new” educational policy topics (what is the long histoiy of standardized testing?).•To disrupt conventional beliefs with counterexamples (why did nineteenth-century science and math classrooms include so many female students?).•To compare and contrast educational change in particular places or regions (how did the development of schooling differ in New England, the New South, or New Mexico?).•To call attention to the intersection of human agency and institutional structures (how did teachers, parents, and political leaders conflict or collaborate in struggles over school reform?).
The effect of a researcher designated music intervention on hospitalised psychiatric patients with different levels of anxiety
Authors: Yang Chyn‐Yng , Miao Nae‐Fang , Lee Tso‐Ying , Tsai Jui‐Chen , Yang Hui‐Ling , Chen Wen‐Chun , Chung Min‐Huey , Liao Yuan‐Mei , Chou Kuei‐Ru 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a music intervention on hospitalised psychiatric patients with different levels of anxiety.BackgroundIn clinical practice, psychiatric inpatients and nurses routinely suffer from anxiety. A music intervention may possibly be useful, but knowledge as to how useful and how effective it is in patients with different levels of anxiety is limited.DesignThe study design was a three‐group, repeated‐measures experimental study.MethodsSubjects were 22 psychiatric patients who were divided into three groups based on their level of anxiety. They listened to 20 minutes of music each day for 10 days and were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory before and after the music intervention and at a one‐week follow‐up; an electroencephalogram and finger temperature were monitored before and during the music intervention.ResultsAnxiety levels of all three groups showed a significant difference (p = 0·0339) after the intervention. The difference alpha and beta electroencephalogram percentages for all three groups showed a significant difference (p = 0·04; p = 0·01). The finger temperature showed a non‐significant difference (p = 0·41).ConclusionsA music intervention can effectively alleviate the anxiety of hospitalised psychiatric patients who suffer from all levels of anxiety.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study recommends a practice in alleviating anxiety. Effective lower‐cost interventions to reduce anxiety in psychiatric inpatient settings would be of interest to nurses and benefit patients.