bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using weighted power mean for equivalent square estimation
Authors: Zhou Sumin , Wu Qiuwen , Li Xiaobo , Ma Rongtao , Zheng Dandan , Wang Shuo , Zhang Mutian , Li Sicong , Lei Yu , Fan Qiyong , Hyun Megan , Diener Tyler , Enke Charles 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeEquivalent Square (ES) enables the calculation of many radiation quantities for rectangular treatment fields, based only on measurements from square fields. While it is widely applied in radiotherapy, its accuracy, especially for extremely elongated fields, still leaves room for improvement. In this study, we introduce a novel explicit ES formula based on Weighted Power Mean (WPM) function and compare its performance with the Sterling formula and Vadash/Bjärngard's formula.MethodsThe proposed WPM formula is for a rectangular photon field with sides a and b. The formula performance was evaluated by three methods: standard deviation of model fitting residual error, maximum relative model prediction error, and model's Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Testing datasets included the ES table from British Journal of Radiology (BJR), photon output factors (Scp) from the Varian TrueBeam Representative Beam Data (Med Phys. 2012;39:6981–7018), and published Scp data for Varian TrueBeam Edge (J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2015;16:125‐148).ResultsFor the BJR dataset, the best‐fit parameter value α = −1.25 achieved a 20% reduction in standard deviation in ES estimation residual error compared with the two established formulae. For the two Varian datasets, employing WPM reduced the maximum relative error from 3.5% (Sterling) or 2% (Vadash/Bjärngard) to 0.7% for open field sizes ranging from 3 cm to 40 cm, and the reduction was even more prominent for 1 cm field sizes on Edge (J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2015;16:125–148). The AIC value of the WPM formula was consistently lower than its counterparts from the traditional formulae on photon output factors, most prominent on very elongated small fields.ConclusionThe WPM formula outperformed the traditional formulae on three testing datasets. With increasing utilization of very elongated, small rectangular fields in modern radiotherapy, improved photon output factor estimation is expected by adopting the WPM formula in treatment planning and secondary MU check.
Hierarchically Nanostructured 1D Conductive Bundle Yarn‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Ko Won Bae , Choi Da Song , Lee Choong Hyun , Yang Jung Yup , Yoon Gap Soo , Hong Jin Pyo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWearable 2D textile platforms are the subject of intense focus to promote the creation of outstanding added value for textile‐based applications in consumer electronics, energy harvesting, and storage. In particular, 2D textile‐based energy harvesters from the living environment of human motions exhibit insufficient geometry deformation and low current density, thereby providing low power generation. Therefore, a unique starting point in this work is the use of 1D conductive bundle yarn (1D CBY) as a generic step for the development of 1D CBY‐based energy harvesters through a weaving technology. The performance of 1D CBY‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (1D CBY‐TENGs) is addressed through contact electrification between the arrays of nanostructured 1D CBYs and 2D conductive fabric serving as tribomaterials. The manipulation of hierarchically nanostructured surfaces on the 1D CBYs by the hydrothermal process represents one of the crucial approaches of enhancing power generation through a large contact surface area. The 1D CBY‐TENGs with a variation in the number of 1D CBY and stack configurations are also tested as a simple integration scheme, confirming the expected 1D CBY number and stack dependency in the output performance.
Conformal Carbon Nitride Coating as an Efficient Hole Extraction Layer for ZnO Nanowires‐Based Photoelectrochemical Cells
Authors: Hajduk Špela , Berglund Sean P. , Podlogar Matejka , Dražić Goran , Abdi Fatwa F. , Orel Zorica C. , Shalom Menny 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCharge transfer at the semiconductor–electrolyte junction is one of the main challenges for further improvement of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting cells due to the poor surface catalytic properties of most semiconductors for the water oxidation reaction. Here it is shown, for the first time, that a conformal and thin carbon nitride (CN) layer can efficiently extract holes from ZnO nanowires (NWs), leading to a great enhancement of both PEC performance and stability in alkaline solution. The conformal CN coating is acquired by using a new synthetic method which involves the deposition of small supramolecular assemblies on ZnO‐NWs as a seeding layer for the CN growth. Detailed PEC characterization reveals that the CN facilitates the hole transfer from the ZnO‐NWs to the electrolyte and acts as a protective shell, resulting in 3.5 times higher current densities and high external quantum efficiencies at 1.23 V versus RHE compared to the pristine ZnO‐NWs.
Prevalence of occupational exposure to asbestos and crystalline silica according to phenotypes of lung cancer from the CaProMat study: A case‐only study
Authors: El Zoghbi Mohamad , Salameh Pascale , Stücker Isabelle , Paris Christophe , Pairon Jean C. , Gislard Antoine , Siemiatycki Jack , Bonneterre Vincent , Clin Bénédicte , Brochard Patrick , Delva Fleur , Lacourt Aude 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundThe objective of the study was to compare the prevalence of occupational exposure to asbestos and crystalline silica according to histological types of lung cancer and age at diagnosis.MethodsCaProMat study is a pooled case‐only study conducted between 1996 and 2011. The current study consisted of 6521 lung cancer cases. Occupational exposure to asbestos and crystalline silica was assessed by two Job‐Exposure Matrices. A weighted prevalence of exposure was derived and compared according to histological types and age at diagnosis.ResultsThere was no difference of weighted prevalence of exposure to asbestos and crystalline silica according to histological types of lung cancer. There was a statistically significant difference of weighted prevalence of exposure to asbestos and crystalline silica according to age at diagnosis.ConclusionsDue to the limited clinical importance of the difference, neither the histological type, nor the age at diagnosis can be used as an indicator for the occupational exposure to asbestos or crystalline silica.
Initial Steps of Amyloidogenic Peptide Assembly Revealed by Cold‐Ion Spectroscopy
Authors: Ujma Jakub , Kopysov Vladimir , Nagornova Natalia S. , Migas Lukasz G. , Lizio Maria Giovanna , Blanch Ewan W. , MacPhee Cait , Boyarkin Oleg V. , Barran Perdita E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe early stages of fibril formation are difficult to capture in solution. We use cold‐ion spectroscopy to examine an 11‐residue peptide derived from the protein transthyretin and clusters of this fibre‐forming peptide containing up to five units in the gas phase. For each oligomer, the UV spectra exhibit distinct changes in the electronic environment of aromatic residues in this peptide compared to that of the monomer and in the bulk solution. The UV spectra of the tetra‐ and pentamer are superimposable but differ significantly from the spectra of the monomer and trimer. Such a spectral evolution suggests that a common structural motif is formed as early as the tetramer. The presence of this stable motif is further supported by the low conformational heterogeneity of the tetra‐ and pentamer, revealed from their IR spectra. From comparison of the IR‐spectra in the gas and condensed phases, we propose putative assignments for the dominant motif in the oligomers.
Synthesis and comparison of crosslinked peptide nanoparticles based on diphenylalanine derivatives
Authors: Bozdoğan Betül , Akbal Öznur , Vural Tayfun , Denkbaş Emir Baki 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTSelf‐assembly is a mechanism that creates novel nanomaterials with amplified properties but with stability challenges. In this report, highly stable and biocompatible anionic zwitterionic diphenylalanine nanoparticles (ZFFNPs), which are novel for the literature, are demonstrated. ZFF was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) and self‐assembled into nanoparticles in a self‐assembly mechanism like that for diphenylalaninamide nanoparticles (FFANPs). Also, ZFFNPs were compared with FFANPs in aspects of morphology, surface charge, stability, and cytotoxicity. ZFFNPs demonstrate a spherical morphology and homogenicity like FFANPs, but while ZFFNPs have negative surface groups (carboxyl), FFANPs contain polar surface groups (amide). While ZFFNPs exhibit a high stability in extremely acidic environments (pH 3–5), AFFNPs show stability in a wide pH range (pH 4–10). Both NPs are nontoxic and biocompatible. These novel anionic ZFFNPs have great promise for potential utilization in biomedical applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45930.
Brief Report: A Phase IIb Trial of a Novel Extended‐Release Microsphere Formulation of Triamcinolone Acetonide for Intraarticular Injection in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Conaghan Philip G. , Cohen Stanley B. , Berenbaum Francis , Lufkin Joelle , Johnson James R. , Bodick Neil 
Published: October 2017

Objective
FX006 is a novel, microsphere‐based, extended‐release formulation of triamcinolone acetonide for intraarticular (IA) injection designed to maintain treatment concentration in the joint and provide prolonged analgesic benefits in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. This study was undertaken to compare the analgesic benefits of 2 FX006 doses with saline placebo injection.MethodsIn this phase IIb study, participants with knee OA (Kellgren/Lawrence grade 2–3) and average daily pain (ADP) intensity ≥5 to ≤9 (on a 0–10 Numerical Rating Scale) were randomized (1:1:1) to receive single IA injections of FX006 32 mg (n = 104) or 16 mg (n = 102) or saline placebo (n = 100). The primary end point was the least squares mean (LSM) change from baseline to week 12 in weekly mean ADP intensity scores for FX006 32 mg versus saline placebo.ResultsThe primary end point was not met (LSM change at week 12 −3.1 with FX006 32 mg versus −2.5 with saline placebo; LSM difference [95% confidence interval] −0.58 [−1.22, 0.07]) (P = 0.08). However, improvements in ADP intensity were significantly greater with FX006 32 mg than saline placebo at weeks 1–11 and week 13. Improvements in ADP intensity were significantly greater with FX006 16 mg versus saline placebo at weeks 1–9. A dose‐response effect in duration of maximal analgesic effect was evident (13 weeks with 32 mg versus 9 weeks with 16 mg), with FX006 32 mg providing increased therapeutic benefit relative to FX006 16 mg. All treatments were well tolerated.ConclusionAlthough the primary end point was not met, our findings indicate a prolonged reduction in symptoms with FX006 with an evident dose response and a safety profile similar to saline placebo.
Esculentin‐1a derived peptides kill Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on soft contact lenses and retain antibacterial activity upon immobilization to the lens surface
Authors: Casciaro Bruno , Dutta Debarun , Loffredo Maria Rosa , Marcheggiani Stefania , McDermott Alison M , Willcox Mark DP , Mangoni Maria Luisa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractContact lens (CL) wear is a risk factor for development of microbial keratitis, a vision threatening infection of the eye. Adverse events associated with colonization of lenses, especially by the multi‐drug resistant and biofilm forming bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa remain a major safety issue. Therefore, novel strategies and compounds to reduce the onset of CL‐associated ocular infections are needed. Recently, the activity of the frog skin‐derived antimicrobial peptide Esc(1‐21) and its diastereomer Esc(1‐21)‐1c was evaluated against both planktonic and sessile forms of this pathogen. Furthermore, Esc(1‐21) was found to significantly reduce the severity of P. aeruginosa keratitis in a mouse model and preserve antipseudomonal activity in the presence of human basal tears. Here, we have analyzed the activity of the peptides on P. aeruginosa biofilm formed on soft CLs. Microbiological assays and scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the peptides were able to disrupt the bacterial biofilm, with the diastereomer having the greater efficacy (up to 85% killing vs no killing at 4 μM for some strains). Furthermore, upon covalent immobilization to the CL, the two peptides were found to cause more than four log reduction in the number of bacterial cells within 20 minutes and to reduce bacterial adhesion to the CL surface (77%–97% reduction) in 24 hours. Importantly, peptide immobilization was not toxic to mammalian cells and did not affect the lens characteristics. Overall, our data suggest that both peptides have great potential to be developed as novel pharmaceuticals for prevention and treatment of CL‐associated P. aeruginosa keratitis.
Meta-analysis of outcomes following resection of the primary tumour in patients presenting with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Nitsche U , Stöß C , Stecher L , Wilhelm D , Friess H , Ceyhan G O 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
It is not clear whether resection of the primary tumour (when there are metastases) alters survival and/or whether resection is associated with increased morbidity. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prognostic value of primary tumour resection in patients presenting with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Methods
A systematic review of MEDLINE/PubMed was performed on 12 March 2016, with no language or date restrictions, for studies comparing primary tumour resection versus conservative treatment without primary tumour resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. The quality of the studies was assessed using the MINORS and STROBE criteria. Differences in survival, morbidity and mortality between groups were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results
Of 37 412 initially screened articles, 56 retrospective studies with 148 151 patients met the inclusion criteria. Primary tumour resection led to an improvement in overall survival of 7·76 (95 per cent c.i. 5·96 to 9·56) months (risk ratio (RR) for overall survival 0·50, 95 per cent c.i. 0·47 to 0·53), but did not significantly reduce the risk of obstruction (RR 0·50, 95 per cent c.i. 0·16 to 1·53) or bleeding (RR 1·19, 0·48 to 2·97). Neither was the morbidity risk altered (RR 1·14, 0·77 to 1·68). Heterogeneity between the studies was high, with a calculated I2 of more than 50 per cent for most outcomes.

Conclusion
Primary tumour resection may provide a modest survival advantage in patients presenting with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Stellarex drug‐coated balloon for treatment of femoropopliteal arterial disease—The ILLUMENATE Global Study: 12‐Month results from a prospective, multicenter, single‐arm study
Authors: Schroë Herman , Holden Andrew H. , Goueffic Yann , Jansen Shirley J. , Peeters Patrick , Keirse Koen , Ito Wulf , Vermassen Frank , Micari Antonio , Blessing Erwin , Jaff Michael R. , Zeller Thomas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the safety and performance of Stellarex Drug‐coated balloon (DCB).BackgroundDCB coatings differ in excipients, paclitaxel dose, and coating morphologies. Due to these differences, a class effect with DCBs has not been demonstrated. Consequently, each DCB needs to be evaluated independently based on its own clinical study results.MethodsThe ILLUMENATE Global Study is a prospective, multicenter, single‐arm study. Patients with intermittent claudication or ischemic rest pain due to superficial femoral artery (SFA) and/or popliteal peripheral artery disease (PAD) were treated with the Stellarex DCB. The primary efficacy endpoint was primary patency, defined as freedom from restenosis with peak systolic velocity ratio ≤2.5 or clinically‐driven target lesion revascularization (CD‐TLR) at 12 months. The primary safety endpoint was freedom from device and procedure‐related death through 30 days postprocedure and freedom from target limb major amputation and CD‐TLR through 12 months.ResultsIn total, 417 lesions were treated in 371 patients. The mean lesion length was 7.5 ± 5.3 cm, 40.8% of lesions were severely calcified per core laboratory fluoroscopy criteria and 31.3% were total occlusions. Primary patency by independent duplex core lab evaluation was 81.4% and the freedom from CD‐TLR was 94.8% day 365 per Kaplan‐Meier estimate. The majority of patients experienced improvements in their Rutherford classification (90.3%) and walking impairment questionnaire score (83.6%) at 12 months compared to baseline.ConclusionsThis study validated previous positive findings and confirms the strong safety profile and effectiveness outcomes.
Enhanced fault detection for nonlinear processes using modified kernel partial least squares and the statistical local approach
Authors: Wang Li 
Published: October 2017

AbstractConventional kernel partial least squares (KPLS) may not function well for detecting incipient faults in nonlinear processes. In relation to existing work, a new statistical local approach based KPLS monitoring strategy is proposed by integrating the statistical local approach into a modified KPLS framework. The advantages of the proposed technique are that (i) the new score variables constructed in the statistical local approach approximately follow Gaussian distribution, in spite of the distribution that the original data follow; (ii) after whitening of the data using KPCA, the dimension of modelling space is greatly reduced, which will definitely improve the computing speed. The new method shows more effective and sensitive performance for detecting incipient faults or slow changes of processes. This is demonstrated by a simulation numerical example and recorded data from a non‐isothermal CSTR process.
Prior predation alters community resistance to an extreme climate disturbance
Authors: Jurgens L. J. , Freestone A. L. , Ruiz G. M. , Torchin M. E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractShort‐term physical disturbances occur amid a backdrop of longer‐term biotic interactions, including predation, which shape communities. Effects of consumer interactions typically begin in early stages of assembly and continue throughout post‐disturbance recovery. Despite decades of predation and disturbance research, few studies examine how consumer interactions during these different time periods may affect community responses to disturbance. Here we use replicate communities of tropical, sessile invertebrates to ask whether fish predation during initial assembly (before) and recovery (after) influences community resistance to a hurricane‐level low‐salinity event. Results revealed that pre‐event predation determined whether communities shifted in biomass and community structure following disturbance. Communities that assembled without predators responded to the low‐salinity event strongly, with large shifts in community composition and a mean loss of 54% of pre‐disturbance biomass after a one‐month recovery period. In contrast, those that experienced predation during initial assembly were strikingly resistant to disturbance, which had no effect on species composition or biomass. Results were driven by predator removal of a dominant competitor, which gave rise to more disturbance‐resistant communities. These findings highlight the potential for past trophic interactions to shape community stability in the face of physical disturbances predicted to escalate with global change.
Ventral striatal network connectivity reflects reward learning and behavior in patients withParkinson's disease
Authors: Petersen Kalen , Van Wouwe Nelleke , Stark Adam , Lin Ya‐Chen , Kang Hakmook , Trujillo‐Diaz Paula , Kessler Robert , Zald David , Donahue Manus J. , Claassen Daniel O. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA subgroup of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients treated with dopaminergic therapy develop compulsive reward‐driven behaviors, which can result in life‐altering morbidity. The mesocorticolimbic dopamine network guides reward‐motivated behavior; however, its role in this treatment‐related behavioral phenotype is incompletely understood. Here, mesocorticolimbic network function in PD patients who develop impulsive and compulsive behaviors (ICB) in response to dopamine agonists was assessed using BOLD fMRI. The tested hypothesis was that network connectivity between the ventral striatum and the limbic cortex is elevated in patients with ICB and that reward‐learning proficiency reflects the extent of mesocorticolimbic network connectivity. To evaluate this hypothesis, 3.0T BOLD‐fMRI was applied to measure baseline functional connectivity on and off dopamine agonist therapy in age and sex‐matched PD patients with (n = 19) or without (n = 18) ICB. An incentive‐based task was administered to a subset of patients (n = 20) to quantify positively or negatively reinforced learning. Whole‐brain voxelwise analyses and region‐of‐interest‐based mixed linear effects modeling were performed. Elevated ventral striatal connectivity to the anterior cingulate gyrus (P = 0.013), orbitofrontal cortex (P = 0.034), insula (P = 0.044), putamen (P = 0.014), globus pallidus (P < 0.01), and thalamus (P < 0.01) was observed in patients with ICB. A strong trend for elevated amygdala‐to‐midbrain connectivity was found in ICB patients on dopamine agonist. Ventral striatum‐to‐subgenual cingulate connectivity correlated with reward learning (P < 0.01), but not with punishment‐avoidance learning. These data indicate that PD‐ICB patients have elevated network connectivity in the mesocorticolimbic network. Behaviorally, proficient reward‐based learning is related to this enhanced limbic and ventral striatal connectivity.Hum Brain Mapp 39:509–521, 2018. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.