bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
31. Commission de l’Heure
Authors: Nörlund M. N. E. , Perrier G. , Bafflaud MM. R. , Banachiewicz  , Bianchi  , Camera  , Castro  , Curry  , Dneprovski  , Dyson  , Esclangon  , Gallo  , Lambert A. , Lejay  , Littell  , Mašek  , Moreau  , Niethammer  , Picart  , Sampson  , Silva  , Sollenberger  , Sotóme  , Stewart  , Verbaandert  , Voûte  
Published: July 2016

Depuis la dernière réunion, notre commission s’est transformée en une commission internationale mixte dépendant à la fois de l’Union astronomique et de l’Union géodésique et géophysique internationales.On se rappelle que l’Assemblée générale, réunie à Leiden, a émis le vœu que le Président de l’U.A.I. s’entretienne avec le Président de l’Union de Géodésie et de Géophysique et le prie d’examiner s’il serait possible que celle-ci apporte quelque contribution aux dépenses du Bureau international de l’Heure. Comme suite à ce vœu, l’Assemblée générale de cette dernière Union, réunie à Lisboa en 1933, a adopté la résolution suivante:“L’Union géodésique et géophysique internationale décide qu’une subvention régulière annuelle sera allouée par elle au Bureau international de l’Heure, dans les limites de ses crédits et des besoins du Bureau.
34. Commission de la Parallaxe Solaire
Authors: Jones M. H.Spencer , Esclangon MM. , Hammond  , Hinks  , Jackson J. , Kopff  , Schorr  , Stroobant  , Witt  
Published: July 2016

Much progress has been made since the last meeting of the Union in the measurement and reduction of photographic plates and in the reduction of micrometric observations obtained near the opposition of Eros, 1930-31. The reduction of photographs and measures which are dependent upon positions of secondary comparison stars have had necessarily to be postponed until the positions of these ‘stars are available. In this report, the present position of the investigations is summarized.1. Reference Stars, (a) Primary. The positions of these stars, based on meridian observations at several observatories, were published by A. Kopff, H. Nowacki and F. Gondolatsch in Ast. Nach. 241, Nos. 5781-2 and 244, Nos. 5852-3. The reduction of series of path plates, taken for the purpose of providing positions of secondary reference stars, and of series of Eros plates obtained with telescopes of astrographic focal length have shown that the positions of some of these stars are considerably in error. As is to be expected in view of their smaller average weight, the largest discordances are in the positions of some of the southern stars.
35. Commission de la Constitution des étoiles
Authors: Eddington A. S. , Emden MM. , Fowler R. H. , Jeans  , Milne  , Pannekoek  , Rosseland  , Russell  , Strömgren B. , Vogt  , Von Zeipel  , Woltjer  
Published: July 2016

The Commission has found no opportunity for acting collectively during the last three years. The study of the constitution of the stars has been advanced by individual contributions, which it would be impracticable and undesirable to guide officially.Whilst much useful work has been done, it would be difficult to point to any outstanding development in the study of the interior of the stars during this period. But there is a prospect of great advances in the near future. From 1932 onwards experimental physicists in all countries have been largely occupied with the phenomena of transmutation of the elements, and it is clearly possible to determine in the laboratory most of the quantitative data as to the rate of the subatomic processes (especially those due to the encounters of protons and electrons with nuclei) and the consequent liberation of energy, for which astronomers have long been waiting.
Commission 17. (Lunar Nomenclature.)
Authors: Dyson Frank , Delmotte M. G. 
Published: July 2016

The President reported that the work of the Commission had been achieved and two volumes published and distributed. These are: (1) a volume of named lunar formations and (2) a volume of 14 maps with corresponding names upon them.After some discussion it was proposed to recommend that the Commission should be continued on a broader basis and called “La Lune”—but divided into three sub-commissions.(1)Visual and Photographic Observations of the Surface.(2)Physical Observations.(3)Mathematical researches and occultations.
Commission 18. (Longitudes.)
Authors: Perrier G. , Lejay R. P. 
Published: July 2016

Après lecture du rapport par le Président, celui-ci met en discussion les questions à l’ordre du jour:1. Centralisation au B.I.H. des résultats obtenus au cours de l’opération de 1933 par toutes les stations participantes.Le Président fait connaître que 55 stations seulement ont déjà fait parvenir les renseignements demandés. Il demande que les autres stations veuillent bien communiquer leurs documents le plus rapidement possible.
Commission 25. (Stellar Photometry.)
Authors: Bergstrand Ö. , Lindblad B. 
Published: July 2016

The acting chairman read a letter from the President of the Commission, Mr F. H. Seares, calling the attention of the Commission to certain points of importance which might be taken up for discussion. In the course of this discussion Dr H. Shapley invited cooperation with the Harvard Observatory on the work of unification of the magnitude systems in the northern and southern sky.After a discussion on the problems of standardizing colour filters and photographic plates used in stellar photometry the recommendation suggested by Dr Shapley that all engaged in photometric research publish promptly the characteristics of their instruments, colour filters, etc., was adopted.
Commission 28. (Nebulae.)
Authors: Shapley H. , Oort J. H. 
Published: July 2016

Except for a brief discussion of the zero point of the period-luminosity curve and the influence of the absorption of light on its determination, the discussions were mainly confined to the draft report which was approved by the commission. The President read a report from Dr Lampland, which had not been included in the draft report and Prof. Lundmark gave an account of his work on extragalactic nebulae, in particular of the catalogue of about 50,000 nebulae which is now being prepared at Lund.The President drew special attention to the importance of the problem of the spiral arms for future cosmogonie theories and urged further theoretical investigations on the origin of the spiral structures.
Commission 32. (Selected Areas.)
Authors: Van Rhijn P. J. , Hins C. H. 
Published: July 2016

The draft report was adopted with one or two minor alterations.The Commission discussed the points mentioned in section 12 in the report, “desiderata for future work.”1.Dr Shapley promised to consider the possibility of using the Bruce telescope for the Durchmusterung of the southern areas, going down to magnitude 18.5 approximately.2.The President asked Dr Jackson’s opinion about the possibility of observing the meridian positions of the standard stars of the southern areas from —30° downward at the Cape observatory.Dr Jackson’s objection to such work was on account of the faintness of these standard stars. The whole southern sky from — 30° to the south pole will be repeated photographically with the wide angle lens.
23. Commission de la Carte du Ciel
Authors: Baillaud M. J. , Aguilar MM. , Baldwin  , Bemporad A. , Bhaskaran  , Bratu  , Curlewis  , Delporte  , Delvosal  , Dyson  , Esclangon  , Favaro  , Furuhjelm  , Gallo  , Greaves  , Herrero  , Jackson J. , Jones Spencer , Lagarde  , Lagrula  , Nangle  , Paloque  , Penine  , Picart L. , Plaskett H. H. , Rougier  , Sampson  , Stein  
Published: July 2016

L’œuvre entreprise il y a cinquante ans par l’ancien Comité Permanent de la Carte du Ciel n’a pas été intégralement accomplie. Si certaines de ses parties peuvent être considérées comme terminées, d’autres ont été perdues de vue ou abandonnées.La tâche de la Commission de la Carte du Ciel doit être maintenant d’examiner, à la lueur de cinquante années de progrès scientifiques, et en tenant compte du travail déjà fait, quelles sont celles des anciennes recommandations du Comité Permanent dont il y a lieu de poursuivre l’exécution.
25. Commission de Photométrie Stellaire
Authors: Seares M. F. H. , Baade MM. , Baillaud J. , Beljawski  , Bemporad A. , Bennett  , Bergstrand  , Danjon  , Dufay  , Fesenkov  , Payne Gaposchkin Mme , Graff MM. , Greaves  , Green W. K. , Guthnick  , Hall  , Hassenstein  , Hellericn  , Hertzsprung  , Holm  , Jones Spencer , Lindblad  , Malmquist  , Pannekoek  , Ross F. E. , Rougier  , Sampson  , Schilt  , Shapley  , Šternberk  , Tremblot  , Vanderlinden  , van Rhijn  , von Zeipel  
Published: July 2016

The committee of the Carte du Ciel in 1910 adopted the following convention : That for Ao stars between magnitudes 5·5 and 6·5 the mean photographic magnitude should equal the mean Harvard visual magnitude. As a corollary, the colour index of Ao stars would then be zero.The zero point of the photographic magnitudes of the International Polar Sequence was fixed as nearly as possible in accordance with this definition; but it was by no means certain that the magnitudes thus adopted for the few stars of the Sequence represented the zero point defined by all the Ao stars specified.
Introductory Remarks
Authors: Fowler William A. 
Published: July 2016

Members and guests of the International Astronomical Union, ladies and gentlemen, it gives me great pleasure to welcome you to the Joint Discussion on ‘Nucleogenesis in Stars’. Let me first of all express my appreciation for the help given me by the other two members of the organizing committee, Dr A. G. Masevich of the U.S.S.R. and Prof. F. Hoyle of Great Britain. I am also very grateful to Prof. D. A. Frank-Kamenetsky who has consented to serve as secretary of the meeting.I would like to take this opportunity to make some introductory remarks concerning nucleogenesis in stars and to sketch the outline of the program. Fig. 1 shows schematically the various nuclear processes by which all the elements and their isotopes may be synthesized in several generations of stars starting with pure or almost pure hydrogen as the composition of the first stars which formed in the Galaxy. In the figure, hydrogen burning reactions are plotted horizontally, helium burning and more complicated processes are plotted vertically. Neutron capture processes are shown as curved arrows.
8. Positional Astronomy
Authors: Nemiro A. A. , Fricke W. , Adams A. N. , Lacroute P. , Stoy R. H. , Tucker R. H. , von der Heide J. E. B. , Yasuda H. , Zverev M. S. 
Published: July 2016

It is with deep regret that we mention the death, on 15 July 1969, of Prof. Dr G. Demetrescu who has done so much for the development of Astronomy in Roumania.This report is based on letters received from members of the Commission, whom I wish to thank most cordially.The most important events in the development of positional astronomy during the three past years were:(1)The construction and use of new types of astronomical instruments based on new techniques, and(2)The collective observations of large numbers of stars, especially in the Southern hemisphere on the basis of international cooperation.At the USNO a design study for a ten-inch automatic meridian circle (ATC)was completed in 1968. Construction and installation should be completed by the end of 1970. A modified Cassegrainian optical system with a Cer-Vit primary mirror is being used. For some other important parts of the instrument new materials will also be used. At each end of the horizontal axis of the instrument Inductosyns will be mounted.An Inductosyn system for digital readout of the pointing angle of the telescope was installed on the six-inch transit circle of the USNO in 1967 for testing and calibration. An IBM-1800 data acquisition and control system was on line with the same instrument.
Committee 4: Structure of Atomic Spectra
Authors: Moore-Sitterly CH. 
Published: July 2016

A current Bibliography on The Analyses of Optical Atomic Spectra is in print (43). It appears in four sections, three of which cover the same elements as the respective volumes on Atomic Energy Levels. Relevant literature references from the dates of publication of these Volumes are continued for each spectrum to the present, as follows:The last Section contains references to rare-earth spectra:The present report will be limited to later work.
16. Physical Study of Planets and Satellites
Authors: Hall J. S. , Levin B. J. , Dollfus A. , Herzberg G. , Kuiper G. P. , Mayer C. H. , Sagan C. E. , Wildt R. 
Published: July 2016

The ground-based research activity in the planetary field has increased very rapidly since the Prague meeting in 1967. The space probes into the atmosphere of Venus and the flybys of Mars have not only added directly to our knowledge of these planets but have stimulated further research.Because of this rapid growth and the large expense which would be required to publish detailed descriptions of the very numerous research projects carried on in the last three years, this report will differ in important respects from the previous ones. Drs Levin, Pettengill, and McElroy have provided summaries of progress made in three important fields of planetary science, and Levin has also kindly contributed a summary of planetary research carried on in the U.S.S.R. since the Prague meeting. On behalf of its members, the President of Commission 16 gratefully acknowledges each of these important contributions.
22. Meteors and Meteorites
Authors: Ceplecha Zdeněk , McCrosky R. E. , Babadžanov P. B. , Elford W. G. , Hemenway C. L. , Javne’ A. A. , Millman P. M. 
Published: July 2016

The limited space made available for this report by recent regulations of the Executive Committee of our Union does not allow the traditional list of all published papers. Also, it omits the data on detection of cosmic dust, which are now published each year in surveys by the COSPAR Dust Panel. This report is mainly based on completely fresh information contained in numerous letters sent to me.The accompanying report of our Meteorite Committee is done in the old style, but only a limited number of references are given. Evidence for a terrestrial origin of tektites is becoming stronger every year, and this subject is omitted in order to shorten the report.Before starting the report, I mention with great regret the death of Prof. Dr Cuno Hoffmeister. His name remains connected forever with the famous period of naked-eye observations of meteors. Another great loss for meteor observers was the death of Mr Koiro Komaki, the President of the Nippon Meteor Society.
34. Interstellar Matter and Planetary Nebulae
Authors: Osterbrock D. E. , Kahn F. D. , Aller L. H. , Davies R. D. , Greenberg J. M. , Pike’ner S. B. , Rosino L. 
Published: July 2016

Although additional surveys with large Schmidt telescopes continue to yield small catches of additional planetaries (Kohoutek) one cannot escape the conclusion that most planetaries available to existing equipment have been detected. Much remains to be done with powerful Schmidt equipment in the southern hemisphere, especially in the Magellanic Clouds. A vast body of photometric and spectroscopic observation needs to be garnered for the numerous faint nebulae so far discovered.Spectroscopic and spectrophotometric studies have been carried out for most bright planetaries (λ < 5800) but much remains to be done in the red and near infrared. Important advances have been made in the far infrared (~10μ) (Gillett, Low, Stein, Woolf) where a number of planetaries seem to show abnormally strong continua. This abnormally intense radiation has been attributed to non-thermal emission, effects of many faint lines, and to thermal emission by dust grains (Krishna Swamy, O’Dell) with perhaps the bulk of the evidence favoring the last-mentioned hypothesis. An increasing number of radio observations from 9·5 mm to 73 cm (Thompson, Colvin, Stanley, LeMarne, Kaftan-Kassim, Babieri and Ficarra, Terzian, L. Aller and Milne, Hughes) all indicate that planetaries are thermal sources.
37. Star Clusters and Associations
Authors: Golay M. , Larsson-Leander G. , Barhatova K. A. , Gascoigne S. B. C. , King I. R. , Rosino L. , Ruprecht J. , Swope H. H. , Walker M. F. 
Published: July 2016

The data contained in this report have been taken from two sources: (1) Information received from astronomers active in the field of Commission 37 in response to a circular letter mailed July 1969; (2) Surveys of special fields, prepared by W. Becker on “Open star clusters and spiral structure”, by G. Larsson-Leander on “Clusters and stellar evolution”, by M. Walker on “Young clusters’, and by P. -B. Bouvier on “Dynamical models and numerical computations’. It is a pleasure to thank them and all of those who have contributed to the preparation of this report.G. Alter reports that after a long delay the second edition of the Catalogue of Star Clusters and Associations. (G. Alter, J. Ruprecht, V. Vanýsek), which was discussed at a meeting of our commission at the Congress in Hamburg (1964) (Trans, IAU, 12B, 1966, 336), will now be published by Publishing House of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. It is considerably enlarged, since it includes the contents of the annual Supplements published in B.A.C. between 1959 and 1967.
9. Some results of outer ionospheric studies
based on radio observations of
the first sputnik
Authors: Alpert Y. L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe method and results of the study of the outer ionosphere based on the ' rise' and ' set' of radio signals of the sputnik are given in full in the paper of which this is an abstract. Results of the theoretical calculations of the maximum horizontal distance rM of signalreception, which are needed for the treatment of experimental data, are also described. Calculations were carried out for a spherical Earth, and the resulting elliptic integral was tabulated by means of the high-speed electronic computer of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. A parabolic model of the lower ionosphere and an exponential decline of electronic concentration in its outer part were accepted.
Celestial Reference Systems — An Overview
Authors: Kovalevsky J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe paper starts with a short presentation of the conceptual foundations of celestial reference systems and of the IAU decisions taken in 1991. The necessity to define and use them in the framework of General Relativity induces some difficulties that are analyzed. In the case of kinematically defined reference systems, the origins of a possible residual rotation of the frames is analyzed. The same analysis holds also for an isolated dynamical reference system, for which further developments of the metric are necessary. Finally, a few topics concerning the non-isolated case of the barycentric reference system, the transformation between reference systems, and the significance of measurements are mentioned.
Examination of the Hipparcos Proper Motion System from Lunar Occultation Analysis
Authors: Sôma Mitsuru 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLunar occultations were analyzed to detect errors in the proper motion system of the Hipparcos frame. The analysis suggests much larger errors in the rotation of the Hipparcos reference frame than those explained by the Hipparcos team, which were determined from the direct comparison between the Hipparcos and FK5 catalogs.
Global Astrometric Solutions with Sparse Matrix Techniques
Authors: Branham Richard L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractModern astrometric techniques lead to large, linear systems solved by the precepts of least-squares. These systems are usually sparse, and one should take advantage of the sparsity to facilitate their solution. As long as the matrix A of the equations of condition possesses the weak Hall property, characteristic of linear systems derived from astrometric reductions, it is possible to find a sparse Cholesky factor. Before the equations of condition are accumulated, by use of the fast Givens transformation, a symbolic factorization of A using Tewarson’s length of intersection technique determines the ordering of the columns of A that result in low fill-in. The non-null elements are stored in a sparse, dynamic data structure by use of dynamic hashing. Numerical experimentation shows that this competes well with alternatives such as nested dissection, and large, but sparse, linear systems with several thousand unknowns can be solved in a reasonable amount of time, even on personal computers.
Diurnal and Sub-diurnal Terms of Nutation
Authors: Brzeziński Aleksander 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper discusses the short-period terms of nutation which are included in the recent theories of nutation for a rigid Earth. We argue that these terms should be expressed as terrestrial perturbations, that is as polar motion, and describe how such a transformation can be accomplished in practice. Based on the available rigid-Earth amplitudes, we estimate this lunisolar effect in polar motion for an elastic Earth with liquid core, and compare it to the oceanic and atmospheric perturbations at similar frequencies.
Towards sub-microarsecond rigid Earth nutation series in the Hamiltonian theory
Authors: Souchay J. , Folgueira M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe nonrigid Earth nutation series adopted by the IAU (International Astronomical Union) are based on the works of Kinoshita (1977) and Wahr (1979). In the first one, the rigid Earth nutation series were calculated by the application of the Hamiltonian canonical equations to the rotation of the rigid and elliptical Earth. In the second one, the transfer function for the nutations of an elliptical, elastic and oceanless Earth with fluid core and a solid inner core was obtained. The nonrigid Earth nutation coefficients were derived from the convolution between Wahr’s transfer function and Kinoshita’s rigid Earth nutation series.The improvement in the accuracy of the techniques as a Very Long Baseline (VLBI), Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) and Global Positioning System (GPS) has led in this decade to the extension of Kinoshita’s theory and more precise determination of Wahr’s transfer function. In the present paper and starting from Kinoshita’s work (1977), we present the different steps carried out, during this last decade, to obtain the sub-microarcsecond rigid Earth nutation series REN 2000 from the Hamiltonian study of the rotation of a rigid Earth (Souchay et al., 1999).
Report of the BIPM/IAU Joint Committee on Relativity for Space-Time Reference Systems and Metrology
Authors: Petit G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe BIPM/IAU Joint Committee on relativity for space-time reference systems and metrology (JCR) has worked in collaboration with the IAU Working Group on relativity for celestial mechanics and astrometry (RCMA) on the problems of astronomical relativistic space-time reference frames and the RCMA has proposed to the IAU a consistent framework for defining the barycentric and geocentric celestial reference systems at the first post-Newtonian level. Because new clock technology and space missions will necessitate the application of this framework for time and frequency measurements in the solar system, practical resolutions are proposed by the JCR to the IAU to allow a consistent treatment of these measurements. The paper outlines the conclusions of the work which resulted in the proposed IAU resolutions.