bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of OSM and IL-6 impacts the polarization of pro-fibrotic macrophages and the development of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis
Authors: Ayaub Ehab A. , Dubey Anisha , Imani Jewel , Botelho Fernando , Kolb Martin R. J. , Richards Carl D. , Ask Kjetil 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlthough recent evidence indicates that gp130 cytokines, Oncostatin M (OSM) and IL-6 are involved in alternative programming of macrophages, their role in lung fibrogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of transient adenoviral overexpression of OSM or IL-6 in mice during bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Lung fibrosis and M2-like macrophage accumulation were assessed by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, gene expression and flow cytometry.Ex-vivoisolated alveolar and bone marrow-derived macrophages were examined for M2-like programming and signalling. Airway physiology measurements at day 21 demonstrated that overexpression of OSM or IL-6 exacerbated bleomycin-induced lung elastance, consistent with histopathological assessment of extracellular matrix and myofibroblast accumulation. Flow cytometry analysis at day 7 showed increased numbers of M2-like macrophages in lungs of mice exposed to bleomycin and OSM or IL-6. These macrophages expressed the IL-6Rα, but were deficient for OSMRβ, suggesting that IL-6, but not OSM, may directly induce alternative macrophage activation. In conclusion, the gp130 cytokines IL-6 and OSM contribute to the accumulation of profibrotic macrophages and enhancement of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. This study suggests that therapeutic strategies targeting these cytokines or their receptors may be beneficial to prevent the accumulation of M2-like macrophages and the progression of fibrotic lung disease.
A versatile pretargeting approach for tumour-selective delivery and activation of TNF superfamily members
Authors: He Yuan , van Bommel Peter E. , Samplonius Douwe F. , Bremer Edwin , Helfrich Wijnand 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTNFR superfamily (TNFRSF) members have important immunoregulatory functions and are of clear interest for cancer immunotherapy. Various TNFRSF agonists have been clinically evaluated, but have met with limited efficacy and/or toxicity. Recent insights indicate that ‘first-generation’ TNFRSF agonists lack efficacy as they do not effectively cross-link their corresponding receptor. Reversely, ubiquitous TNFRSF receptor(s) cross-linking by CD40 and Fas agonistic antibodies resulted in dose-limiting liver toxicity. To overcome these issues, we developed a novel pretargeting strategy exploiting recombinant fusion proteins in which a soluble form of TRAIL, FasL or CD40L is genetically fused to a high-affinity anti-fluorescein scFv antibody fragment (scFvFITC). Fusion proteins scFvFITC:sTRAIL and scFvFITC:sFasL induced potent target antigen-restricted apoptosis in a panel of cancer lines and in primary patient-derived cancer cells, but only when pretargeted with a relevant FITC-labelled antitumour antibody. In a similar pretargeting setting, fusion protein scFvFITC:sCD40L promoted tumour-directed maturation of immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (iDCs). This novel tumour-selective pretargeting approach may be used to improve efficacy and/or reduce possible off-target toxicity of TNFSF ligands for cancer immunotherapy.
External Quality Assurance for Laboratory Identification and Capsular Typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Slotved Hans-Christian , Sheppard Carmen L. , Dalby Tine , van der Ende Arie , Fry Norman K. , Morfeldt Eva , Nyholm Outi , Rokney Assaf , Ron Merav , Siira Lotta , Scott Kevin J. , Smith Andrew , Thom Louise , Toropainen Maija , Vestrheim Didrik F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn external quality assessment (EQA) scheme for pneumococcal serotype identification has been performed over a period of 11 years, by a network of European pneumococcal reference laboratories. We report the results from the EQA, and present an assessment of the acceptability and utility of the EQA scheme. Reports from 22 EQA panels distributed in 2005–2016 were analysed. Each EQA panel consisted of seven isolates. A questionnaire including seven questions related to the acceptability and utility of the EQA scheme was distributed to all participating laboratories. Altogether, 154 pneumococcal isolates were tested. Of the 92 serologically distinct serotypes currently defined, 49 serotypes were included in the rounds. Discrepant results were observed in eight EQA rounds, involving 11 isolates (7.1%, 95% CI: 4% to 12%). All participating laboratories reported that the EQA scheme was useful for quality assurance purposes. Our results show that comparable serotyping data can be obtained in different laboratories. The EQA participation helps to keep the typing procedures at a high standard and provides data for accreditation purposes. The EQA is helpful when new technologies are introduced, and reveal limitations of both genotypic and phenotypic methods. Continuation of the presented EQA scheme is planned.
Enantiomeric excess by magnetic circular dichroism in Archaean atmosphere
Authors: Sharma A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEvolution of homochirality requires an initial enantiomeric excess (EE) between right and left-handed biomolecules. We show that magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of sun’s ultraviolet C light by oxygen in Archaean earth’s anoxic atmosphere followed by chirally selective damage of biomolecules due to circular dichroism (CD) can generate EE of correct handedness. Our calculation of EE uses published data for CD of biomolecules and accepted magnitude for Archaean earth’s magnetic field. Independent of atmospheric oxygen concentration calculated EE has the same sign for all pyrimidine nucleosides which is opposite to that for amino-acids. Purine nucleosides have smaller EE values with opposite sign to pyrimidines but are less susceptible to UV damage. Homochirality is explained by origin of prebiotic life in one hemisphere of earth and its evolution to EE ~ ± 1 before reversal of terrestrial magnetic field. Chirality of biomolecules is decided by the direction of magnetic field where prebiotic life originated on Archaean earth.
Incomplete Ionization of a 110 meV Unintentional Donor in β-Ga2O3 and its Effect on Power Devices
Authors: Neal Adam T. , Mou Shin , Lopez Roberto , Li Jian V. , Thomson Darren B. , Chabak Kelson D. , Jessen Gregg H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the origin of unintentional doping in Ga2O3 is key to increasing breakdown voltages of Ga2O3 based power devices. Therefore, transport and capacitance spectroscopy studies have been performed to better understand the origin of unintentional doping in Ga2O3. Previously unobserved unintentional donors in commercially available $$(\bar{2}01)$$
(

2
¯

01

)
Ga2O3 substrates have been electrically characterized via temperature dependent Hall effect measurements up to 1000 K and found to have a donor energy of 110 meV. The existence of the unintentional donor is confirmed by temperature dependent admittance spectroscopy, with an activation energy of 131 meV determined via that technique, in agreement with Hall effect measurements. With the concentration of this donor determined to be in the mid to high 1016 cm−3 range, elimination of this donor from the drift layer of Ga2O3 power electronics devices will be key to pushing the limits of device performance. Indeed, analytical assessment of the specific on-resistance (Ronsp) and breakdown voltage of Schottky diodes containing the 110 meV donor indicates that incomplete ionization increases Ronsp and decreases breakdown voltage as compared to Ga2O3 Schottky diodes containing only the shallow donor. The reduced performance due to incomplete ionization occurs in addition to the usual tradeoff between Ronsp and breakdown voltage.
TC-PTP regulates the IL-7 transcriptional response during murine early T cell development
Authors: Pike K. A. , Hatzihristidis T. , Bussières-Marmen S. , Robert F. , Desai N. , Miranda-Saavedra D. , Pelletier J. , Tremblay M. L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCytokines play a critical role in directing the discrete and gradual transcriptional changes that define T cell development. The interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R), via its activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, promotes gene programs that change dynamically as cells progress through T cell differentiation. The molecular mechanism(s) directing differential gene expression downstream of the IL-7R are not fully elucidated. Here, we have identified T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP), also known as PTPN2, as a negative regulator of IL-7R-STAT signaling in T cell progenitors, contributing to both the quantitative and qualitative nature of STAT-gene targeting. Novel genetic strategies used to modulate TC-PTP expression demonstrate that depletion of TC-PTP expression heightens the phosphorylation of STAT family members, causing aberrant expression of an interferon-response gene profile. Such molecular re-programming results in deregulation of early development checkpoints culminating in inefficient differentiation of CD4+CD8+double positive cells. TC-PTP is therefore shown to be required to safeguard the dynamic transcriptome necessary for efficient T cell differentiation.
A Study of the Brain Abnormalities of Post-Stroke Depression in Frontal Lobe Lesion
Authors: Shi Yu , Zeng Yanyan , Wu Lei , Liu Wei , Liu Ziping , Zhang Shanshan , Yang Jianming , Wu Wen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPost stroke depression (PSD) is a serious complication of stroke. Brain imaging is an important method of studying the mechanism of PSD. However, few studies have focused on the single lesion location. The aim of this study was to investigate the brain mechanism of frontal lobe PSD using combined voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In total, 30 first-time ischemic frontal lobe stroke patients underwent T1 weighted MRI and resting-state fMRI scans. Clinical assessments included the 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and the Mini-Mental State Examination. In our result, decreased gray matter (GM) volume in patients was observed in the prefrontal cortex, limbic system and motor cortex. The anterior cingulate cortex, selected as a seed to perform connectivity analyses, showed a greatly decreased functional connectivity with the prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and motor cortex, but had an increased functional connectivity with the hippocampus gyrus, parahippocampa gyrus, insular, and amygdala. Stroke lesion location reduces excitability of brain areas in the ipsilateral brain. PSD affects mood through the brain network of the prefrontal-limbic circuit. Some brain networks, including motor cortex and the default mode network, show other characteristics of PSD brain network.
Amorphous lead oxide (a-PbO): suppression of signal lag via engineering of the layer structure
Authors: Semeniuk O. , Grynko O. , Juska G. , Reznik A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPresence of a signal lag is a bottle neck of performance for many non-crystalline materials, considered for dynamic radiation sensing. Due to inadequate lag-related temporal performance, polycrystalline layers of CdZnTe, PbI2, HgI2 and PbO are not practically utilized, despite their superior X-ray sensitivity and low production cost (even for large area detectors). In the current manuscript, we show that a technological step to replace nonhomogeneous disorder in polycrystalline PbO with homogeneous amorphous PbO structure suppresses signal lag and improves time response to X-ray irradiation. In addition, the newly developed amorphous lead oxide (a-PbO) possesses superior X-ray sensitivity in terms of electron-hole pair creation energy $${W}_{\pm }$$

W

±

in comparison with amorphous selenium – currently the only photoconductor used as an X-ray-to-charge transducer in the state-of-the-art direct conversion X-ray medical imaging systems. The proposed advances of the deposition process are low cost, easy to implement and with certain customization might potentially be applied to other materials, thus paving the way to their wide-range commercial use.
Sub‐sampling of RF and THz waves using LT‐GaAs photoconductors under 1550 nm light excitation
Authors: Billet M. , Desmet Y. , Bavedila F. , Barbieri S. , Hänsel W. , Holzwarth R. , Ducournau G. , Lampin J.‐F. , Peytavit E. 
Published: October 2017

Low‐temperature‐grown GaAs (LT‐GaAs)‐based Fabry–Pérot cavity photoconductors, designed for RF and THz optoelectronics applications using1550 nm lasers, are studied. The sub‐sampling of continuous waves at frequencies up to 300 GHz is presented. The duty‐cycle‐limited conversion losses measured up to 67 GHz show that this GaAs‐based photoconductor behaves as a nearly perfect photoswitch controlled by a 1550 nm pulsed laser.
Vitamin E in the Preterm Infant: A Forgotten Cause of Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Hatfield Emily , Garlitz Karen , Westgate Philip , Bada Henrietta , Gomez-Pomar Enrique 
Published: October 2017

Objective Vitamin E deficiency in premature infants has been associated with hemolytic anemia. Its incidence decreased after the supplementation of preterm formulas and parenteral nutrition with vitamin E. Despite this, some infants still develop hemolytic anemia and receive vitamin E.
Study Design Retrospective analysis of 70 infants admitted to a level IV intensive care unit and who developed hemolytic anemia and were treated with vitamin E. Infants were classified into two groups based on whether or not they responded to vitamin E therapy. Statistical methods included the use of descriptive statistics and marginal logistic regression models.
Results Low hematocrit and reticulocytosis before vitamin E administration were associated with adequate response to treatment. Thrombocytosis, iron treatment (duration and dose), gestational age, birth weight, and type of feedings were not. Infants who received a short duration of parenteral nutrition and were on oxygen responded to vitamin E therapy. Infants with a hematocrit ≤ 26% and reticulocyte of 36.1% were more likely to respond to vitamin E.
Conclusion Although formulas and parenteral nutrition are supplemented with vitamin E; some preterm infants may still develop hemolytic anemia. Those with anemia, reticulocytosis, and oxygen requirement may benefit from additional vitamin E.
Non-operative Management for Uncomplicated Appendicitis: An Option to Consider
Authors: Trabanino Carmen , Pinnagoda Kalitha , Ait Kaci Amir , Carfagna Luana , Mouttalib Sofia , Combelles Sophie , Vial Julie , Galinier Philippe , Abbo Olivier 
Published: October 2017

Aim The main goal of our study was to assess a 7 days long course of antibiotics for acute uncomplicated appendicitis.
Materials and Methods From March 2014 to November 2015, all patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis have been considered to be treated by only antibiotics. Inclusion criteria included clinical (tenderness), biological (C-reactive protein [CRP] < 50), and radiological features (diameter > 6 mm). All patients were treated with intravenous amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (100 mg/kg/day) for 2 days (six doses). At the end of the treatment, clinical and paraclinical examinations included blood samples at day 7 and ultrasound (US) scan at 3 months.
Results A total of 166 patients were treated and followed up prospectively during the study period. Mean age at diagnosis was 10.8 ± 0.6 years. All children, but four were discharged with a clinical improvement after 48 hours and six intravenous antibiotics injection according to our protocol. Four children required surgery during the initial hospitalization period.Initial ultrasound scan showed a mean diameter of 7.85 ± 1.6 mm, with inflamed fat in 124 patients (74.7%). At Day 7, the diameter was 5.2 ± 1.6 mm (p < 0.0001).During a median follow-up of 18.8 months (3.5–18), 22 patients (13.25%) had to be managed for a novel episode of acute appendicitis after a median period of 138 days (13–270). None had to be managed for a complicated appendicitis.
Conclusion Non-operative treatment (NOT) is a safe alternative for the management of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children. Further study should be conducted to determine relapse risk factors.
Intensivmedizinische Aspekte der interventionellen Therapie von Herzklappenerkrankungen
Authors: Reith Sebastian , Marx Nikolaus 
Published: October 2017

Was ist neu?
Intensivmedizinische Nachbehandlung der interventionellen Aortenklappenintervention (TAVI) Durch die Indikationsausweitung der TAVI auf Patienten mit intermediären Operationsrisiko und der gleichzeitigen Vorgabe zur Einhaltung struktureller Voraussetzungen für die postinterventionelle intensivmedizinische Versorgung durch den GBA werden zukünftig große logistische, kapazitäre und personelle Herausforderungen an die Intensivmedizin gestellt.
Interventionelle Mitralklappentherapie mittels MitraClip-Verfahren Mit der hauptsächlichen MitraClip®-Behandlung von Patienten mit funktioneller Mitralinsuffizienz auf dem Boden einer eingeschränkten linksventrikulären Funktion im klinischen Alltag stellt dieses interventionelle Therapieverfahren eine intensivmedizinische Herausforderung in der frühen postinterventionellen Phase dar.
Einflussfaktoren auf chronische Rückenschmerzen bei Pflegekräften in der Altenpflege in Rheinland-Pfalz
Authors: Frey Dorothee , Rieger Sandra , Diehl Elisabeth , Pinzon Luis 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die vorliegende Studie ermittelt die Lebenszeitprävalenz chronischer Rückenschmerzen bei Altenpflegekräften in rheinland-pfälzischen Einrichtungen und identifiziert potentielle Einflussfaktoren.
Methodik Im Rahmen einer Querschnittserhebung wurden 155 Pflegekräfte aus 5 Altenpflegeeinrichtungen untersucht und schriftlich befragt. Ausschnitte aus verschiedenen standardisierten Fragebögen wurden mit eigenen Fragen kombiniert und ergänzt durch eine körperliche Untersuchung mit 2 standardisierten Belastungstests. Die Daten wurden deskriptiv und bivariat sowie mittels binärlogistischer Regressionsanalyse ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Die Pflegekräfte waren zu 83,8% weiblich, das Durchschnittsalter lag bei 41 Jahren. Die Lebenszeitprävalenz chronischer Rückenschmerzen bei weiblichen Pflegekräften betrug 50,8%, bei männlichen Pflegekräften lag sie bei 20,0%. Als potentielle Einflussfaktoren für chronische Rückenschmerzen konnten ein schlechter subjektiver Gesundheitszustand und eine schwache Ausdauer der Rückenmuskulatur identifiziert werden.
Schlussfolgerung Die Lebenszeitprävalenz chronischer Rückenschmerzen war bei den Pflegekräften höher als in den Daten zur Allgemeinbevölkerung. Diskutierte Einflussfaktoren für Rückenschmerzen, wie z. B. zu viele patientenferne Aufgaben, Zeitdruck oder die Arbeit mit zu vielen Bewohnern erwiesen sich als nicht signifikant. Der subjektive Gesundheitszustand und die Ausdauer der Rückenmuskulatur standen dagegen in Zusammenhang mit Rückenschmerzen. Prospektive Studien zu physischen und psychischen Belastungen, Beanspruchungen und Ressourcen sind notwendig, um die Kausalität der hohen Lebenszeitprävalenz von chronischen Rückenschmerzen bei Altenpflegekräften besser verstehen zu können.
Morbus Behçet
Authors: Kötter Ina 
Published: October 2017

Was ist neu?
Epidemiologie Die Prävalenz bei deutschstämmigen Patienten ist 0,9/100 000, bei türkischstämmigen 77/100 000. HLA-B51 ist mit der Augenbeteiligung assoziiert, Männer haben schwerere Verläufe.
Pathogenese Neben HLA-B51 ist auch HLA-A26 mit der Erkrankung assoziiert. Zusätzlich gibt es Assoziationen mit Mutationen im IL12/23-Rezeptor-Gen. Der M. Behçet wird inzwischen als intermediäre, partiell autoinflammatorische Erkrankung betrachtet.
Therapie In den neuen EULAR-Empfehlungen wird für die schwere Augenbeteiligung Adalimumab gleichrangig mit Infliximab und Interferon-alpha empfohlen. Adalimumab ist für die schweren (nicht anterioren) Uveitiden inklusive der bei M. Behçet zugelassen. Infliximab wird als Primärtherapie bei ZNS-Beteiligung empfohlen. Bei Thrombosen im Rahmen der Erkrankung muss vorrangig die Entzündungsaktivität beherrscht werden, eine Antikoagulation wird nicht mehr bzw. nur noch vorübergehend empfohlen. Apremilast wird aktuell in Studien für die mukokutanen Manifestationen untersucht und wird für diese ebenfalls bereits empfohlen.
Das Konzept der umweltbedingten Krankheitslast
Authors: Tobollik Myriam , Plaß Dietrich , Steckling Nadine , Zeeb Hajo , Wintermeyer Dirk , Hornberg Claudia 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Umweltrisikofaktoren haben häufig eine hohe gesundheitliche Relevanz mit einem großen und z. T. nicht ausreichend genutzten Präventionspotenzial. Das Wissen über die komplexen Wirkungszusammenhänge zwischen Umwelt und Gesundheit ist für einige Umweltrisikofaktoren begrenzt. Ein Instrument, das bestehende Evidenz nutzt, um die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen für eine Bevölkerung oder Bevölkerungsgruppe zu quantifizieren, ist das Konzept der umweltbedingten Krankheitslast (Environmental Burden of Disease, EBD). Ziel des Beitrages ist es, das Konzept der umweltbedingten Krankheitslast vorzustellen sowie den Nutzen aber auch die Kritikpunkte zu benennen.
Methodik EBD fasst Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsdaten in einem Summenmaß, dem Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), zusammen und ermöglicht eine vergleichende Darstellung von Krankheitslasten. Hierfür werden Lebensjahre als Einheit genutzt. Mithilfe des attributablen Anteils kann ermittelt werden, welcher Anteil der Gesamtkrankheitslast auf umweltbedingte Risikofaktoren zurückzuführen ist.
Ergebnisse Das EBD-Konzept wird, trotz seiner zunehmenden Anwendung im internationalen Raum, häufig kritisch diskutiert, da die Einschränkung des mehrdimensionalen Konstrukts Gesundheit in einer Maßzahl zusammengefasst wird. Weitere Kritik bezieht sich auf die sozialen und normativen Konventionen, die das Konzept beinhaltet. Fehlende oder unzureichende Eingangsdaten können zudem die Qualität und Aussagekraft von EBD-Schätzungen limitieren.
Schlussfolgerung Es bedarf eines wissenschaftlichen Diskurses, in welchem Rahmen das Konzept in Deutschland genutzt werden kann und sollte.
Kombinierte chirurgische Therapie von Shuntinfekt und
zentralvenöser Stenose
Authors: Krönung Gerhard 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDie einzeitige Sanierung eines segmentalen Shuntveneninfektes erkauft den
Funktionserhalt um den Preis eines erhöhten Risikos einer Infektpersistenz oder
Infektexazerbation. Die hetero tope Shuntrekonstruktion ist hier im Einzelfall
ein eleganter, alternativer Lösungsweg.