bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 5th national survey on the physical growth and development of children in the nine cities of China: Anthropometric measurements of Chinese children under 7 years in 2015
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Qin , Li Hui , Wu Hua‐Hong , Zong Xin‐Nan , Zhu Zong‐Han , Pan Ying , Li Jia , Zheng Xing‐Rong , Wei Mei , Tong Mei‐Ling , Zhou Ai‐Fen , Hu Yan , Chen Wei , Zhu Ke , Yu Yang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the physical growth of healthy children under 7 years in China based on the latest national survey and provide more data for revising growth reference and monitoring the impact of social development on children's health and growth.MethodsIn the cross‐sectional survey, 161,774 healthy children under 7 years were selected by multistage stratified cluster sampling method in nine cities of China. According to the geographical location, the nine cities were divided into northern, central and southern regions, and each city included urban and suburban areas. Anthropometric measurements were obtained on the spots and other related information was collected with questionnaires.ResultsThere were slight urban–suburban difference and obvious regional difference in anthropometric measurements in China. Comparison with the 4th NSPGDC in 2005, measurements increased 0.1–1.1 kg in weight, 0.5–1.8 cm in height in urban areas (except children under 3 years) and 0.1–2.5 kg in weight, 0.2–3.8 cm in height in suburban areas. The urban–suburban difference of those measurements became smaller than 10 years ago, but their regional difference persistently exist. Chinese children were 0.36 SD in weight, 0.43 SD in height in urban areas and 0.30 SD in weight, 0.30 SD in height in suburban areas higher than WHO standards.ConclusionsPhysical growth of children under 7 years old was undergoing a slowly positive secular trend during the latest decade in more economically developed regions of China. Urban–suburban difference of those measurements became smaller, while their regional difference persistently exist. Chinese healthy children under 7 years in nine cities was taller and heavier than WHO standards.
Stereoelectronic Control in the Ozone‐Free Synthesis of Ozonides
Authors: dos Passos Gomes Gabriel , Yaremenko Ivan A. , Radulov Peter S. , Novikov Roman A. , Chernyshev Vladimir V. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Nikishin Gennady I. , Alabugin Igor V. , Terent'ev Alexander O. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe value of stereoelectronic guidelines is illustrated by the discovery of a convenient, ozone‐free synthesis of bridged secondary ozonides from 1,5‐dicarbonyl compounds and H2O2. The tetraoxane products generally formed in reactions of carbonyl and dicarbonyl compounds with H2O2 were not detected because the structural distortions imposed on the tetraoxacyclohexane subunit in [3.2.2]tetraoxanonanes by the three‐carbon bridge leads to the partial deactivation of anomeric effects. The new procedure is readily scalable to produce gram quantities of the ozonides. This reaction enables the selective preparation of ozonides without the use of ozone.
Platin(II)‐verknüpfte Einzelketten‐Nanopartikel: ein Schritt in Richtung wiederverwendbarer Homogenkatalysatoren
Authors: Knöfel Nicolai D. , Rothfuss Hannah , Willenbacher Johannes , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPlatin(II)‐verknüpfte Einzelketten‐Nanopartikel (PtII‐SCNPs) wurden synthetisiert, charakterisiert und als wiederverwendbare Homogenkatalysatoren eingesetzt. Als Vorstufe wurde ein lineares Copolymer aus Styrol und 4‐(Diphenylphosphan)styrol mittels Nitroxid‐vermittelter Polymerisation synthetisiert. Die Triarylphosphaneinheiten, die sich im Polymerrückgrad befinden, ermöglichen durch Zugabe von [Pt(1,5‐cyclooctadien)Cl2] in verdünnter Lösung die intramolekulare Vernetzung einzelner Ketten. Die Bildung von PtII‐SCNPs wurde durch Gelpermeationschromatographie, dynamische Lichtstreuung, NMR‐Spektroskopie (1H, 31P{1H}, 195Pt) und DOSY‐Messungen nachgewiesen. Die erfolgreiche Verwendung der PtII‐SCNPs als wiederverwendbare Homogenkatalysatoren wurde am Beispiel der Aminierung von Allylalkohol veranschaulicht.
Shape‐Assisted Self‐Organization in Highly Disordered Liquid Crystal Phases
Authors: Kishikawa Keiki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Watanabe Go , Kawamura Ayaka , Kohri Michinari , Taniguchi Tatsuo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn achiral rod‐like molecules, a nematic phase is the most disordered liquid crystal phase, which only has one‐directional order in the direction of the molecular long axis. A dumbbell‐shaped molecule (compound 3: R−C6H10−CH=CH−C6H4−CH=CH−C6H10−R, (R=nC5H11)), and its liquid crystal phase (X phase) are reported, which exhibit high scattering without thermal fluctuation between two nematic phases under a polarized light optical microscope. The X phase was investigated by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulation. A layered structure was ascertained for which a molecular self‐organization mechanism was postulated in which the super‐structure is based on lateral intermolecular interlocking. A second nematic phase above the X phase consisted of “rice grain”‐shaped particles.
Asperflavipine A: A Cytochalasan Heterotetramer Uniquely Defined by a Highly Complex Tetradecacyclic Ring System from Aspergillus flavipes QCS12
Authors: Zhu Hucheng , Chen Chunmei , Tong Qingyi , Yang Jing , Wei Guangzheng , Xue Yongbo , Wang Jianping , Luo Zengwei , Zhang Yonghui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAsperflavipines A (1) and B (2), two structurally complex merocytochalasans, were isolated from Aspergillus flavipes. Asperflavipine A (1), which contains two cytochalasan moieties and two epicoccine moieties, is the first cytochalasan heterotetramer to be discovered. It is uniquely defined by 5/6/11/5/6/5/6/5/6/5/5/11/6/5 fused tetradecacyclic rings with three continuous bridged ring systems. Asperflavipine B (2) is a cytochalasan heterotrimer containing a cytochalasan and two epicoccine moieties with a 5/6/11/5/5/6/5/6/5 nonacyclic ring system. The hypothetical biosynthesis of 1 and 2 is proposed to involve Diels–Alder and [3+2] cycloaddition reactions as key steps and reveals unparalleled plasticity in the biosynthesis of merocytochalasans. The existence of 1 adds a new dimension to the diversity of the cytochalasan family. Compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis in Jurkat, NB4, and HL60 cells through the activation of caspase‐3 and degradation of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP).
Robust Polyoxometalate/Nickel Foam Composite Electrodes for Sustained Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution at High pH
Authors: Luo Wenjing , Hu Jun , Diao Hongling , Schwarz Benjamin , Streb Carsten , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe development of technologically viable electrodes for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a major bottleneck in chemical energy conversion. This article describes a facile one‐step hydrothermal route to deposit microcrystals of a robust Dexter–Silverton polyoxometalate oxygen evolution catalyst, [Co6.8Ni1.2W12O42(OH)4(H2O)8], on a commercial nickel foam electrode. The electrode shows efficient and sustained electrochemical oxygen evolution at low overpotentials (360 mV at 10 mA cm−2 against RHE, Tafel slope 126 mV dec−1, faradaic efficiency (96±5) %) in alkaline aqueous solution (pH 13). Post‐catalytic analyses show no mechanical or chemical degradation and no physical detachment of the microcrystals. The results provide a blueprint for the stable “wiring” of POM catalysts to commercial metal foam substrates, thus giving access to technologically relevant composite OER electrodes.
Efficient Catalytic Kinetic Resolution of Spiro‐epoxyoxindoles with Concomitant Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indoles
Authors: Zhu Gongming , Bao Guangjun , Li Yiping , Sun Wangsheng , Li Jing , Hong Liang , Wang Rui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAn efficient process involving the catalytic kinetic resolution of racemic spiro‐epoxyoxindoles with the simultaneous enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles has been realized using a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst. The reaction provides two useful intermediates in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Performing the catalysis on a gram scale led to (R)‐3‐(3‐indolyl)‐oxindole‐3‐methanol, which was used in the asymmetric formal total synthesis of (+)‐gliocladin C. Notably, the enantiomers (S)‐3‐(3‐indolyl)‐oxindole‐3‐methanol can be obtained easily by the reaction of the resolved spiro‐epoxyoxindole with indole.
Weak Interactions under Pressure: hp‐CuBi and Its Analogues
Authors: Guo Kai , Akselrud Lev , Bobnar Matej , Burkhardt Ulrich , Schmidt Marcus , Zhao Jing‐Tai , Schwarz Ulrich , Grin Yuri 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe metastable binary compound hp‐CuBi was obtained from the direct chemical reaction between copper and bismuth at a pressure of 5 GPa and a temperature of 720 K. The atomic arrangement comprises slabs of puckered Cu layers sandwiched between Bi planes. The QTAIM charges calculated for compounds of bismuth with transition metals reveal negligible charge transfer for hp‐CuBi. Analysis of the chemical bonding with position‐space techniques discloses multicenter interactions within the Bi‐Cu‐Bi slabs and lone‐pair interactions of the van der Waals type between these entities. hp‐CuBi exhibits metal‐type electrical conductivity with superconductivity below Tc=1.3 K.
Osmolyte Effects on the Conformational Dynamics of a DNA Hairpin at Ambient and Extreme Environmental Conditions
Authors: Patra Satyajit , Anders Christian , Erwin Nelli , Winter Roland 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe structural dynamics of a DNA hairpin (Hp) are studied in the absence and presence of the two natural osmolytes trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO) and urea at ambient and extreme environmental conditions, including high pressures and high temperatures, by using single‐molecule Förster resonance energy transfer and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The effect of pressure on the conformational dynamics of the DNA Hp is investigated on a single‐molecule level, providing novel mechanistic insights into its conformational conversions. Different from canonical DNA duplex structures of similar melting points, the DNA Hp is found to be rather pressure sensitive. The combined temperature and pressure dependent data allow dissection of the folding free energy into its enthalpic, entropic, and volumetric contributions. The folded conformation is effectively stabilized by the compatible osmolyte TMAO not only at high temperatures, but also at high pressures and in the presence of the destabilizing co‐solute urea.
Energy Resonance Crossing Controls the Photoluminescence of Europium Antenna Probes
Authors: Zhang Qiangqiang , Wu Liangliang , Cao Xiaoyan , Chen Xuebo , Fang Weihai , Dolg Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe energy transfer pathways in lanthanide antenna probes cannot be comprehensively rationalized by the currently available models, and their elucidation remains to be a challenging task. On the basis of quantum‐chemical ab initio calculations of representative europium antenna complexes, an innovative energy resonance model is proposed, which is controlled by an overall nonet–quintet intersystem crossing on the basis of spin–orbit coupling among the sublevels of the involved states.
Porous Peptide Complexes by a Folding‐and‐Assembly Strategy
Authors: Sawada Tomohisa , Yamagami Motoya , Akinaga Shuji , Miyaji Tatsuki , Fujita Makoto 
Published: April 2017

AbstractConcerted folding and assembly processes are necessary for protein self‐assembly, yet such a concerted strategy has rarely been attempted by synthetic chemists. In this work, we have created a new porous peptide structure through a coordination‐driven folding‐and‐assembly strategy. A porous framework with 1.5 nm‐sized pores and a PII helical peptide scaffold was successfully obtained by complexation of AgNTf2 and tripeptide ligands containing the Gly‐Pro‐Pro sequence. The pores were modified in various ways with retention of the latent PII helical conformation of the peptide ligand.
Adaptive Robust Output Tracking Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Cascade Systems with Disturbance and Multiple Unknown Time‐Varying Delays
Authors: Chehardoli Hossein , Ghasemi Ali 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this paper, an adaptive robust controller is designed for a class of uncertain nonlinear cascade systems with multiple time‐varying delays under external disturbance. It is assumed that multiple time‐varying delays are not exactly known and, therefore, the delayed terms must not appear in the adaptation and control laws. Accordingly, by using a Lyapunov‐Krasovskii function, delays are deleted from the adaptation and control laws. A controller based on an adaptive backstepping approach is designed to assure the global asymptotic tracking of the desired output and boundedness of the other states. The proposed controller is proved to be robust against unknown time‐varying delays and external disturbances applying to the system. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Revisiting the relationship between the South Asian summer monsoon drought and El Niño warming pattern
Authors: Fan Fangxing , Dong Xiao , Fang Xianghui , Xue Feng , Zheng Fei , Zhu Jiang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBased on the observational and reanalysis data, El Niño warming patterns associated with the South Asian summer monsoon droughts are investigated. While the inverse relationship between the eastern Pacific (EP) type of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian monsoon rainfall weakened significantly, the correlation between the central Pacific (CP) type of ENSO and the monsoon rainfall strengthened after the late 1970s. Moreover, the drought‐producing El Niño warming pattern also exhibits a notable decadal modulation associated with the climate shift. The analysis results indicate that both the EP type of El Niño with positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies extended to the date line and the CP type of El Niño with the maximum warming located in the central equatorial Pacific may produce severe droughts over the Indian subcontinent. Although the CP warming is more effective in driving anomalous rising motion in the central equatorial Pacific and consequently producing anomalous subsidence over South Asia, the position and strength of the anomalous ascending and descending branches of the Walker circulation are sensitive to the detailed distributions of tropical SST anomalies and determined by the competing effects of the CP and EP warming.
Vergleich der Berechnungsmethoden von VDI 2055, EN ISO 12241 und ASTM C 680
Authors: Wiesemeyer Karin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractZur Berechnung der Wärme‐ und Kälteverluste von betriebstechnischen Anlagen sind verschiedene Berechnungsmethoden vorhanden. In dieser Untersuchung werden die Richtlinie VDI 2055 Blatt 1, die EN ISO 12241 und die ASTM C 680 miteinander verglichen. Eine theoretische Betrachtung liefert Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten in den Gleichungen zur Wärmeleitung, Wärmestrahlung und dem Wärmeübergang durch Konvektion. Die Beispiele zeigen zum Teil deutliche Unterschiede im Berechnungsergebnis. Aufgrund der teilweise großen Abweichungen im Berechnungsergebnis sollte immer diejenige Berechnungsmethode angewendet werden, welche in der Ausschreibung gefordert ist, bzw. wenn keine Anforderung an die Berechnungsmethode angegeben ist, sollte die gewählte Methode unbedingt angegeben werden.
Integrale Bauforschung und simulationsgestützte Analysen zur Wahrung historischer Bausubstanz am Beispiel der Asamkirche St. Georg zu Weltenburg
Authors: Stierstorfer Johannes , Wellnitz Felix , Steffens Oliver 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDie Klosterkirche St. Georg zu Weltenburg an der Donau, spätbarockes Hauptwerk der Brüder Asam und bayerische Welterbestätte, musste sich aufgrund ihrer topographisch, geologisch und klimatisch exponierten Lage in der Vergangenheit tiefgreifenden Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen unterziehen. Um der hygrischen Problematik im Inneren des Kirchenraumes zu begegnen, wurde ein außergewöhnlicher Sanierungsansatz verfolgt, dessen bauphysikalische und raumklimatische Verifizierung im Rahmen dieses Forschungsprojektes durchgeführt wird. Dabei steht die Optimierung des Raumklimas im Zentrum der Untersuchungen. Ganzheitlich betrachtet stellt sich die Frage: Welche Maßnahmen dürfen – bei Bewahrung der denkmalgeschützten Bausubstanz – ergriffen werden, um eine nachhaltige Nutzung historischer Bauwerke zu ermöglichen und dabei die Anforderungen der heutigen Zeit zu erfüllen?
Tragende Bodenplatten von Tiefgaragen
Authors: Stettner Christian , Dauberschmidt Christoph 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBei den Planern von tragenden Bodenplatten von Tiefgaragen herrscht derzeit eine gewisse Verunsicherung: auf der einen Seite wird auf Planerseite versucht, durch strenge Vorgaben an die zulässigen Rissbreiten und Ansatz des späten Zwangs den Vorgaben an Wasserundurchlässigkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit gegenüber einer Chloridbelastung gerecht zu werden. Dies führt zu meist hohen Bewehrungsgraden, wie eine Parameterstudie im Rahmen dieses Papers aufzeigt. Zum anderen ist der Planer angehalten, wirtschaftlich zu planen. Einen möglichen Ausweg aus diesem Dilemma stellen die im Entwurf des DBV‐Merkblatts Parkhäuser und die in der WU‐Richtlinie dargestellten Entwurfsgrundsätze (EGS) dar: bei Ansatz des EGS „Risse planen” kann z. B. durch gezielte Anordnung von Sollriss‐Elementen und einer abgestimmten Bewehrungsanordnung Mindestbewehrung eingespart werden. Ein weiterer beleuchteter Aspekt dieses Beitrags ist die Überprüfung der Chloriddichtheit von unterschiedlichen Betonen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der in der Norm gewählte deskriptive Ansatz, durch hohe geforderte Betondruckfestigkeiten auch eine hohe Dauerhaftigkeit sicherzustellen, nicht zielführend ist. Es ist vielmehr zu empfehlen, bei Wahl eines geeigneten Bindemittels die Betonfestigkeiten möglichst zu reduzieren.
Micelle‐enhanced direct spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of linifanib: Application to stability studies
Authors: Zawaneh Afnan H. , Khalil Nehal N. , Ibrahim Sundus A. , Al‐Dafiri Wafaa N. , Maher Hadir M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA new simple stability‐indicating spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for the determination of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, linifanib (LNF). The proposed method makes use of the native fluorescence characteristics of LNF in a micellar system. Compared with aqueous solutions, the fluorescence intensity of LNF was greatly enhanced upon the addition of Tween‐80. The relative fluorescence intensity of LNF was measured in a diluting solvent composed of 2% Tween‐80: phosphate buffer pH 8.0 (20: 80, v/v) using excitation and emission wavelengths of 290 and 450 nm, respectively. The proposed method was fully validated as per the ICH guidelines. The recorded fluorescence intensity of LNF was rectilinear over a concentration range of 0.3–2 μg/ml with a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.9990) and low limits of detection (0.091 μg/ml) and quantitation (0.275 μg/ml). The applicability of the method was extended to study the inherent stability of LNF under different stress degradation conditions including, alkaline, acidic, oxidative, photolytic and thermal degradation. Moreover, the method was utilized to study the kinetics of the alkaline and oxidative degradation of LNF. The pseudo‐first order rate constants and half‐lives were calculated.
Parental brain‐derived neurotrophic factor genotype, child prosociality, and their interaction as predictors of parents’ warmth
Authors: Avinun Reut , Knafo‐Noam Ariel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundParental warmth has been associated with various child behaviors, from effortful control to callous‐unemotional traits. Factors that have been shown to affect parental warmth include heritability and child behavior. However, there is limited knowledge about which specific genes are involved, how they interact with child behavior, how they affect differential parenting, and how they affect fathers. We examined what affects paternal and maternal warmth by focusing on the child's prosocial behavior and parents’ genotype, specifically a Valine to Methionine substitution at codon 66 in the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene.MethodsData was available from a sample of 6.5 year‐old twins, consisting of 369 mothers and 663 children and 255 fathers and 458 children. Self‐reports were used to assess mothers’ and fathers’ warmth. Child prosociality was assessed with the other‐parent report and experimental assessments.ResultsMothers’ warmth was not affected by their BDNF genotype, neither as a main effect nor in an interaction with child prosociality. Fathers with the Met allele scored higher on warmth. Additionally, there was a significant interaction between fathers’ BDNF genotype and child prosociality. For fathers with the Met allele there was a positive association between warmth and child prosociality. Conversely, for fathers with the Val/Val genotype there was no association between warmth and child prosociality. Results were repeated longitudinally in a subsample with data on age 8–9 years. A direct within family analysis showed that fathers with the Met allele were more likely than Val/Val carriers to exhibit differential parenting toward twins who differed in their prosocial behavior. The same pattern of findings was found with mother‐rated and experimentally assessed prosociality.ConclusionsThese results shed light on the genetic and environmental underpinnings of paternal behavior and differential parenting.
Male‐to‐female gender dysphoria: Gender‐specific differences in resting‐state networks
Authors: Clemens Benjamin , Junger Jessica , Pauly Katharina , Neulen Josef , Neuschaefer‐Rube Christiane , Frölich Dirk , Mingoia Gianluca , Derntl Birgit , Habel Ute 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionRecent research found gender‐related differences in resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐FC) measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies examining the differences in rs‐FC between men, women, and individuals who report a discrepancy between their anatomical sex and their gender identity, i.e. gender dysphoria (GD).MethodsTo address this important issue, we present the first fMRI study systematically investigating the differences in typical resting‐state networks (RSNs) and hormonal treatment effects in 26 male‐to‐female GD individuals (MtFs) compared with 19 men and 20 women.ResultsDifferences between male and female control groups were found only in the auditory RSN, whereas differences between both control groups and MtFs were found in the auditory and fronto‐parietal RSNs, including both primary sensory areas (e.g. calcarine gyrus) and higher order cognitive areas such as the middle and posterior cingulate and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Overall, differences in MtFs compared with men and women were more pronounced before cross‐sex hormonal treatment. Interestingly, rs‐FC between MtFs and women did not differ significantly after treatment. When comparing hormonally untreated and treated MtFs, we found differences in connectivity of the calcarine gyrus and thalamus in the context of the auditory network, as well as the inferior frontal gyrus in context of the fronto‐parietal network.ConclusionOur results provide first evidence that MtFs exhibit patterns of rs‐FC which are different from both their assigned and their aspired gender, indicating an intermediate position between the two sexes. We suggest that the present study constitutes a starting point for future research designed to clarify whether the brains of individuals with GD are more similar to their assigned or their aspired gender.