bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of shear wave arrival time contour display in shear wave elastography for breast masses diagnosis
Authors: Zhou Bang-Guo , Wang Dan , Ren Wei-Wei , Li Xiao-Long , He Ya-Ping , Liu Bo-Ji , Wang Qiao , Chen Shi-Gao , Alizad Azra , Xu Hui-Xiong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of shear wave arrival time contour (SWATC) display for the diagnosis of breast lesions and to identify factors associated with the quality of shear wave propagation (QSWP) in breast lesions. This study included 277 pathologically confirmed breast lesions. Conventional B-mode ultrasound characteristics and shear wave elastography parameters were computed. Using the SWATC display, the QSWP of each lesion was assigned to a two-point scale: score 1 (low quality) and score 2 (high quality). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with QSWP. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for QSWP to differentiate benign from malignant lesions was 0.913, with a sensitivity of 91.9%, a specificity of 90.7%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 74.0%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.5%. Compared with using the standard deviation of shear wave speed (SWSSD) alone, SWSSD combined with QSWP increased the sensitivity from 75.8% to 93.5%, but decreased the specificity from 95.8% to 89.3% (P < 0.05). SWSSD was identified to be the strongest factor associated with the QSWP, followed by tumor malignancy and the depth of the lesion. In conclusion, SWATC display may be useful for characterization of breast lesions.
Martian slope streaks as plausible indicators of transient water activity
Authors: Bhardwaj Anshuman , Sam Lydia , Martín-Torres F. Javier , Zorzano María-Paz , Fonseca Ricardo M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSlope streaks have been frequently observed in the equatorial, low thermal inertia and dusty regions of Mars. The reason behind their formation remains unclear with proposed hypotheses for both dry and wet mechanisms. Here, we report an up-to-date distribution and morphometric investigation of Martian slope streaks. We find: (i) a remarkable coexistence of the slope streak distribution with the regions on Mars with high abundances of water-equivalent hydrogen, chlorine, and iron; (ii) favourable thermodynamic conditions for transient deliquescence and brine development in the slope streak regions; (iii) a significant concurrence of slope streak distribution with the regions of enhanced atmospheric water vapour concentration, thus suggestive of a present-day regolith-atmosphere water cycle; and (iv) terrain preferences and flow patterns supporting a wet mechanism for slope streaks. These results suggest a strong local regolith-atmosphere water coupling in the slope streak regions that leads to the formation of these fluidised features. Our conclusions can have profound astrobiological, habitability, environmental, and planetary protection implications.
Patterns and drivers of daily bed-level dynamics on two tidal flats with contrasting wave exposure
Authors: Hu Zhan , Yao Peng , van der Wal Daphne , Bouma Tjeerd J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractShort-term bed-level dynamics has been identified as one of the main factors affecting biota establishment or retreat on tidal flats. However, due to a lack of proper instruments and intensive labour involved, the pattern and drivers of daily bed-level dynamics are largely unexplored in a spatiotemporal context. In this study, 12 newly-developed automatic bed-level sensors were deployed for nearly 15 months on two tidal flats with contrasting wave exposure, proving an unique dataset of daily bed-level changes and hydrodynamic forcing. By analysing the data, we show that (1) a general steepening trend exists on both tidal flats, even with contrasting wave exposure and different bed sediment grain size; (2) daily morphodynamics level increases towards the sea; (3) tidal forcing sets the general morphological evolution pattern at both sites; (4) wave forcing induces short-term bed-level fluctuations at the wave-exposed site, but similar effect is not seen at the sheltered site with smaller waves; (5) storms provoke aggravated erosion, but the impact is conditioned by tidal levels. This study provides insights in the pattern and drivers of daily intertidal bed-level dynamics, thereby setting a template for future high-resolution field monitoring programmes and inviting in-depth morphodynamic modelling for improved understanding and predictive capability.
PRR2, a pseudo-response regulator, promotes salicylic acid and camalexin accumulation during plant immunity
Authors: Cheval C. , Perez M. , Leba L. J. , Ranty B. , Perochon A. , Reichelt M. , Mithöfer A. , Robe E. , Mazars C. , Galaud J. P. , Aldon D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCalcium signalling mediated by Calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins is critical to plant immunity. CaM and CML regulate a wide range of target proteins and cellular responses. While many CaM-binding proteins have been identified, few have been characterized for their specific role in plant immunity. Here, we report new data on the biological function of a CML-interacting partner, PRR2 (PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 2), a plant specific transcription factor. Until now, the physiological relevance of PRR2 remained largely unknown. Using a reverse genetic strategy in A. thaliana, we identified PRR2 as a positive regulator of plant immunity. We propose that PRR2 contributes to salicylic acid (SA)-dependent responses when challenged with the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. PRR2 is transcriptionally upregulated by SA and P. syringae, enhances SA biosynthesis and SA signalling responses; e.g. in response to P. syringae, PRR2 induces the production of SA and the accumulation of the defence-related protein PR1. Moreover, PRR2 overexpressing lines exhibit an enhanced production of camalexin, a phytoalexin that confers enhanced resistance against pathogens. Together, these data reveal the importance of PRR2 in plant immune responses against P. syringae and suggest a novel function for this particular plant specific transcription factor in plant physiology.
Oleanolic Acid Enhances Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Osteogenic Potential by Inhibition of Notch Signaling
Authors: Shu Bing , Zhao Yongjian , Wang Yongjun , Wang Guangxi , Shang Xifu , Britt Michael , Olmedo Margaret , Chelly Marjorie , Morandi Massimo Max , Barton Shane , Dong Yufeng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been shown to modulate multiple signaling pathways in a variety of cell linages. But the mechanisms underlying OA-mediated mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation are not known. In this study, we examined effects of OA on cell viability, osteogenic differentiation in MSCs, and the involvement of Notch and BMP signaling. OA induced bone marrow derived MSC differentiation towards osteoprogenitor cells and inhibited Notch signaling in a dose dependent manner. Constitutive activation of Notch signaling fully blocked OA induced MSC osteogenic differentiation. The expression level of early osteogenic marker genes, ALP, Runx2, and type I collagen, which play a critical role in MSC to osteoblast transition and servers as a downstream target of BMP signaling, was significantly induced by OA. Furthermore, BMP2 mediated MSC osteogenic differentiation was significantly enhance by OA treatment, indicating a synergistic effect between BMP2 and OA. Our results suggest that OA is a promising bioactive agent for bone tissue regeneration, and inhibition of Notch signaling is required for its osteogenic effects on MSCs.
Hybrid organic-inorganic coatings via electron transfer behaviour
Authors: Zoubi Wail Al , Min Ji Hoon , Ko Young Gun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA novel method to functionalize the surface of inorganic coating by growing organic coating has been investigated based on microstructural interpretation, electrochemical assessment, and quantum chemical analysis. For this purpose, inorganic coating with magnesium aluminate, magnesium oxide, and titanium dioxide was prepared on magnesium alloy via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), and, then, subsequent dip-coating method was used to tailor organic coating using diethyl-5-hydroxyisophthalate (DEIP) as organic molecules. The incorporation of TiO2 particles worked as a sealing agent to block the micro-defects which resulted mainly from the intense plasma sparks during PEO. In addition, such incorporation played an important role in enhancing the adhesion between inorganic and organic coatings. The use of DEIP as organic corrosion inhibitor resulted in a significant decrease in porosity of inorganic coating. Quantum chemical calculation was used to clarify the corrosion inhibition mechanism which was activated by introduction of DEIP. Thus, the electrochemical analysis based on potentiodynamic polarization and impedance spectroscopy tests in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution suggested that corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy sample was enhanced significantly due to a synergistic effect arising from the hybrid inorganic and organic coatings. This phenomenon was explained in relation to electron transfer behaviour between inorganic and organic coatings.
Luminous and high-frequency peaked blazars: the origin of the γ-ray emission from PKS 1424+240
Authors: Cerruti M. , Benbow W. , Chen X. , Dumm J. P. , Fortson L. F. , Shahinyan K. 
Published: July 2017

Context. The current generation of ground-based Cherenkov telescopes, together with the LAT instrument on-board the Fermi satellite, have greatly increased our knowledge of γ-ray blazars. Among them, the high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object (HBL) PKS 1424+240 (z ≃ 0.6) is the farthest persistent emitter of very-high-energy (VHE; E ≥ 100 GeV) γ-ray photons. Current emission models can satisfactorily reproduce typical blazar emission assuming that the dominant emission process is synchrotron-self-Compton (SSC) in HBLs; and external-inverse-Compton (EIC) in low-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae objects and flat-spectrum-radio-quasars. Alternatively, hadronic models are also able to correctly reproduce the γ-ray emission from blazars, although they are in general disfavored for bright quasars and rapid flares.
Aims. The blazar PKS 1424+240 is a rare example of a luminous HBL, and we aim to determine which is the emission process most likely responsible for its γ-ray emission. This will impact more generally our comprehension of blazar emission models, and how they are related to the luminosity of the source and the peak frequency of the spectral energy distribution.
Methods. We have investigated different blazar emission models applied to the spectral energy distribution of PKS 1424+240. Among leptonic models, we study a one-zone SSC model (including a systematic study of the parameter space), a two-zone SSC model, and an EIC model. We then investigated a blazar hadronic model, and finally a scenario in which the γ-ray emission is associated with cascades in the line-of-sight produced by cosmic rays from the source.
Results. After a systematic study of the parameter space of the one-zone SSC model, we conclude that this scenario is not compatible with γ-ray observations of PKS 1424+240. A two-zone SSC scenario can alleviate this issue, as well as an EIC solution. For the latter, the external photon field is assumed to be the infra-red radiation from the dusty torus, otherwise the VHE γ-ray emission would have been significantly absorbed. Alternatively, hadronic models can satisfactorily reproduce the γ-ray emission from PKS 1424+240, both as in-source emission and as cascade emission.
Pediatric Sepsis: Clinical Markers
Authors: Szima S. , Balazs G. , Elek N. , Dahlem P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPediatric sepsis can be caused by infection agents such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, or their toxins. Clinical features cover a remarkably wide spectrum. Early recognition of the disease and prompt initiation of therapy substantially improve mortality and the outcome of potential complications. After an initial phase of very mild symptoms, the spread of microbes or toxins in the bloodstream presents as septic shock through vasoregulatory disturbance, absolute or relative intravascular volume loss, and consequential tachycardia and hypotension. The most common accompanying symptom is fever. In physical examination, features such as altered mental status, excess respiratory effort, tachycardia, and prolonged capillary refill time are present at an early stage of the disease. Laboratory tests for the assessment of early stage severity and subsequent monitoring of treatment efficacy include point-of-care arterial blood gas analysis and lactate assay. In early stage disease, it is imperative to promptly start adequate antimicrobial and supportive treatment once bacterial cultures have been taken. Despite the availability of a wide range of laboratory and imaging tests today, diagnosis and severity assessment of sepsis still primarily rely on medical history and clinical examination. In light of this, it is possible for trained care providers to detect the early signs of a septic child during repetitive physical examinations. This is still the mainstay of diagnosis and can provide in all care settings a significant reduction in therapeutic delay; this, in turn, helps to reduce sepsis-related mortality and morbidity.
Pediatric Sepsis: Clinical Considerations
Authors: Balázs G. , Szima S. , Elek N. , Dahlem P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSepsis remains one of the leading causes of childhood mortality today, although survival has substantially improved, thanks to an ever deeper and more thorough understanding of sepsis pathophysiology, developments in vaccination and intensive therapy, and goal-directed therapeutic approaches. The key to successful therapy is early recognition and antibiotic treatment, as well as supportive therapy aimed at correcting circulatory, respiratory, and metabolic derangements as soon as possible. Diagnosis and management of childhood sepsis mainly evolves along the path of studies conducted in adult patients; however, their applicability is limited due to a variability of cardiovascular and immune responses in each age group. In addition to childhood characteristics of hemodynamic responses in sepsis, this review looks at major areas of pediatric sepsis therapy, with the intention of providing bedside clinicians with pointers useful in their day-to-day work.
A Rare Combination of Functional Disomy Xp, Deletion Xq13.2-q28 Spanning the XIST Gene, and Duplication 3q25.33-q29 in a Female with der(X)t(X;3)(q13.2;q25.33)
Authors: Basel Donald , Bick David , Chirempes Brett , Lorier Rachel , Zemlicka Nykula , Grignon John , Weik LuAnn , Kappes Ulrike , Peterson Jess 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe report a 19-year-old female patient with a history of short stature, primary ovarian insufficiency, sensorineural hearing loss, sacral teratoma, neurogenic bladder, and intellectual disability with underlying mosaicism for der(X)t(X;3)(q13.2;q25.33), a ring X chromosome, and monosomy X. Derivative X chromosomes from unbalanced X-autosomal translocations are preferentially silenced by the XIST gene (Xq13.2) located within the X-inactivation center. The unbalanced X-autosomal translocation in our case resulted in loss of the XIST gene thus precluding the inactivation of the derivative X chromosome. As a result, clinical features of functional disomy Xp, Turner's syndrome, and duplication 3q syndrome were observed. Importantly, indications of the derivative X chromosome were revealed by microarray analysis following an initial diagnosis of Turner's syndrome made by conventional cytogenetic studies approximately 18 months earlier. This case demonstrates the importance of utilizing microarray analysis as a first-line test in patients with clinical features beyond the scope of a well-defined genetic syndrome.
Bewegungstherapeutische Versorgung in der medizinischen Rehabilitation der Rentenversicherung – eine Analyse auf Basis quantitativer Routinedaten
Authors: Brüggemann Silke , Sewöster Daniela , Kranzmann Angela 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie In dieser Studie wird die quantitative Bedeutung der Bewegungstherapie in der Rehabilitation auf Basis von der Deutschen Rentenversicherung 2014 routinemäßig erhobener Leistungsdaten sowie Veränderungen gegenüber dem Stand von 2007 dargestellt.
Methodik Für die zentralen Indikationen der medizinischen Rehabilitation wurden 83 677 802 therapeutische Leistungen aus 710 012 Reha-Entlassungsberichten ausgewertet und deskriptiv analysiert.
Ergebnisse Über alle Indikationen konnten 35,4% der Leistungen der Bewegungstherapie zugeordnet werden. Gesamtdauer, relative Dauer im Verhältnis zu anderen Therapiearten, Anteil von Einzeltherapie und Art der Bewegungstherapie variieren deutlich zwischen den Indikationen. Weitere Unterschiede bestehen zwischen den Geschlechtern, in verschiedenen Altersgruppen sowie in Abhängigkeit vom Setting.
Schlussfolgerung Im Untersuchungszeitraum hat die hohe Bedeutung der Bewegungstherapie in der medizinischen Rehabilitation weiter zugenommen. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine sinnhafte, indikations- und krankheitsspezifisch ausgestaltete Zusammenstellung der Inhalte der Bewegungstherapie.
Vitamin D in Klinik und Praxis
Authors: Zittermann Armin , Pilz Stefan 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungVitamin-D-Mangel und seine Konsequenzen – seit Jahren schon ein sehr präsentes Thema. Nicht zu Unrecht: In der Allgemeinbevölkerung verfehlt die kutane Vitamin-D-Synthese besonders im Winter deutlich die Zufuhrempfehlung. Klar ist, aufgrund der vielfältigen Wirkungen wird Vitamin D auch in Zukunft weiter an Bedeutung gewinnen. Der CME-Beitrag hilft Ihnen, in der Informationsflut die Relevanz des Themas für Klinik und Praxis zu bewahren.
Update – Neurophysiologische Methoden zur Bestimmung der Anzahl motorischer Einheiten in menschlichen Muskeln
Authors: Grimm Thomas , Schulte-Mattler Wilhelm 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Anzahl funktionstüchtiger motorischer Einheiten stellt nach wie vor das ideale Maß zur Verlaufsbeurteilung bei Erkrankungen mit Verlust motorischer Einheiten dar. Die absolute Zahl motorischer Einheiten (ZME) sowie deren Verlauf über die Zeit erlauben neben der Beschreibung des Krankheitsverlaufes Aussagen über Regenerationsmechanismen wie Reinnervation durch kollaterale Aussprossung oder Reinnervation durch Axonwachstum. Eine exakte Bestimmung der Zahl motorischer Einheiten ist leider auch heute nicht möglich, eine Schätzung funktionstüchtiger motorischer Einheiten hingegen mit elektrophysiologischen Methoden durchführbar. Der apparative und zeitliche Aufwand älterer Methoden zur Schätzung der Anzahl motorischer Einheiten ist außerordentlich hoch und bedarf spezieller Untersucher-Erfahrung. Die 2004 erstbeschriebene Methode MUNIX hingegen ist einfach durchführbar und deutlich weniger zeitaufwendig. MUNIX eignet sich hervorragend zur Verlaufsbeurteilung der ZME bei bekanntem Verlust motorischer Einheiten. Neue Untersuchungen hingegen zeigen, dass MUNIX als diagnostische Methode per se ungeeignet ist.
Investigating the dynamics of humor
Authors: Chovanec Jan , Tsakona Villy 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
While semanticopragmatic approaches to humor usually view it as stemming from incongruity, many current studies from fields such as discourse analysis, conversation analysis, and pragmatics have moved beyond to underline the significance of other factors defining humor. These factors include the framing devices of humor, the reactions to it, the sociocultural parameters influencing its production and interpretation, its social functions and affective goals, and the genres where it may occur. In view of the above, a broader definition of interactional humor is proposed, emphasizing its dynamic co-construction and including all humorous texts whose meanings are negotiated among interactants. It is argued that such a definition has a number of relevant implications for the theory of humor, where it suitably complements the recent (pragmatic) shift towards a more contextualized understanding of humor production and reception.
Online joint fictionalization
Authors: Tsakona Villy 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Genres are dynamic discoursal structures which are frequently subject to change so as to adapt to speakers’ new communicative goals and exigencies. The present paper explores the particularities of a quite recent genre of humor, online joint fictionalization, which seems to have emerged from oral joint fictionalization involving the collaborative construction of humorous fictional scenarios in informal face-to-face interactions among peers. The present case study reveals significant similarities between the new digital genre and the initial oral one. Furthermore, it appears that the new genre incorporates other humorous genres such as memes, which are typical of online communication and, in this new context, contribute to the construction of the fictional scenario at hand.
On-line humorous representations of the 2015 Greek national elections
Authors: Piata Anna 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The recent development of social media platforms has given rise to new forms of digital communication in which humor seems to play a prominent role. This chapter is concerned with humor in such a newly emerged, mediated genre, so-called internet memes
(i.e. units of image, text, animation, and/or sound spread through the internet), focusing on the memes generated, disseminated, and commented upon on Facebook after the Greek national elections in January 2015. This chapter examines memes along with the responses posted by Facebook users, showing that, being humorous themselves, internet memes enact mimetic responses that are also humorous. This line of research aims to do justice to the interactional aspect of meme-based humor not previously acknowledged in the literature.
Astilbe thunbergii reduces postprandial hyperglycemia in a type 2 diabetes rat model via pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibition by highly condensed procyanidins
Authors: Kato Eisuke , Kushibiki Natsuka , Inagaki Yosuke , Kurokawa Mihoko , Kawabata Jun 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common global health problem. Prevention of this disease is an important task, and functional food supplements are considered an effective method. We found potent pancreatic α-amylase inhibition in Astilbe thunbergii root extract (AT) and confirmed that AT treatment in a T2DM rat model reduces post-starch administration blood glucose levels. Activity-guided isolation revealed procyanidin (AT-P) as the α-amylase inhibitory component with IC50 = 1.7 μg/mL against porcine pancreatic α-amylase. Structure analysis of AT-P revealed it is a B-type procyanidin comprised of four types of flavan-3-ols, some with a galloyl group, and catechin attached as the terminal unit. The abundant AT-P content and its comparable α-amylase inhibition to acarbose, the anti-diabetic medicine, suggest that AT is a promising food supplement for diabetes prevention.