bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardized MET Value Underestimates the Energy Cost of Treadmill Running in Men
Authors: Ázara Helouane , Farinatti Paulo , Midgley Adrian , Vasconcellos Fabrício , Vigário Patrícia , Cunha Felipe 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe main purpose of the present study was to compare the reference metabolic equivalent (MET) value and observed resting oxygen uptake (VO2) for defining cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and characterizing the energy cost of treadmill running. A heterogeneous cohort of 114 healthy men volunteered to participate. In Part 1 of the study, 114 men [mean±SD, age: 24±5 years; height: 177.1±7.9 cm; body mass: 75.0±10.0 kg] visited the laboratory twice for assessment of resting and maximal VO2 values to compare the reference MET value vs. observed resting VO2 and to investigate the association between resting VO2 and VO2max. In Part 2, 14 of the 114 men visited the laboratory once more to perform a 30-min bout of running at 8.0 km∙h−1/8.3 METs. The mean observed resting VO2 of 3.26 mL·kg−1·min−1 was lower than the reference MET value of 3.5 mL·kg−1·min−1 (P<0.001). Resting and maximal VO2 values relative to total body mass and fat-free mass were positively correlated (R=0.71 and 0.60, respectively; P<0.001). The maximal MET and energy cost of treadmill running were consequently underestimated when calculated using the reference MET value only for those with low VO2max (P=0.005 to P<0.001). In conclusion, the reference MET value considerably overestimated observed resting VO2 in men with low VO2max, resulting in underestimations of the maximal MET, exercise intensity prescription, and the energy cost of running.
Sphingosine kinase-2 Inhibitor ABC294640 Enhances Doxorubicin-Induced
Apoptosis of NSCLC Cells via Altering Survivin Expression
Authors: Hasanifard Leili , Samadi Nasser , Rashtchizadeh Nadereh , Dastmalchi Siavoush , Karimi Pouran 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background There is an urgent need to improve efficacy of
chemotherapeutics to overcome resistance in cancer treatment. Sphingosine
kinase-2 (SphK2) a key regulator of sphingolipid signaling has been
rationalized as an important therapeutic target. We evaluated the role of
SphK2 in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells via altering
c-FLIPS, MCL-1 and survivin expressions in order to overcome
chemoresistance.
Methods Proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT assay and
DAPI staining, respectively. Cell population in each phase of cell cycle was
determined by flow cytometric assay. Gene and protein expression levels were
examined by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively.
Results Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a SphK2 stimulator,
decreased cell death induced by IC50 of DOX (1.1 µM) to around
70% (p<0.01). Cell cycle analysis revealed a significant accumulation of
the cells in S phase with a marked decrease in sub G1 phase when we
incubated the cells with combined treatment of PMA and DOX (p<0.05).
Adding ABC294640 (40 µM), a SphK2 inhibitor, significantly abolished PMA
effect on cell survival (p<0.01). Survivin expression was significantly
diminished by applying ABC294640 either alone or in DOX treated cells
followed by increase in cell death (p<0.05), however, there was no
significant change in MCL-1 expression by ABC294640 either alone or in DOX
treated cells (p=0.16) and (p=0.06), respectively.
Conclusion Identifying cancer patients with high SphK2 expression and
then inhibiting of SphK2 activity can be considered as an important strategy
to increase the efficacy of DOX in the induction of apoptosis.
Drink and Think: Impact of Alcohol on Cognitive Functions and Dementia – Evidence of Dose-Related Effects
Authors: Gutwinski Stefan , Schreiter Stefanie , Priller Josef , Henssler Jonathan , Wiers Corinde , Heinz Andreas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRegular alcohol consumption affects cognitive performance and the development of dementia. So far, findings are contradicting, which might be explained in part by dose-related effects. For this narrative review, we undertook a literature search for surveys investigating the impact of alcohol consumption on cognitive performance and the development of dementia. The majority of studies observed a U-shaped relationship between regular alcohol consumption and cognitive function: frequent heavy consumption of alcohol alters brain functions and decreases cognitive performance; regular light and moderate consumption may have protective impact. In many studies, total abstainers show an inferior cognitive performance than people with moderate or light consumption. Nevertheless, policy implications are difficult to draw for at least 2 reasons: (1) the possible risks associated with alcohol consumption and (2) the potential confounders in the group of non-consumers and heavy consumers.
Linguistic impoliteness and religiously aggravated hate crime in England and Wales
Authors: Culpeper Jonathan , Iganski Paul , Sweiry Abe 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Despite its centrality to religiously aggravated hate crime recorded in England and Wales, the nature of the language used has been neglected in research. This paper, based on a unique dataset, aims to rectify this. It takes its approach from the field of linguistic impoliteness, a field that has yet to consider hate crime. Therein lies our second aim: To consider whether impoliteness notions can be usefully extended to the language of hate crime. In our data, we examine, in particular, conventionalized impoliteness formulae, insults, threats, incitement and taboo words. Whilst we reveal some linguistic support for the way religiously aggravated hate crime is framed in the law and discussed in the legal literature, we highlight areas of neglect and potential ambiguity. Regarding impoliteness, we demonstrate its effectiveness as an approach to these data, but we also highlight areas of neglect in that literature too, notably, non-conditional threats and incitement.
Like & share if you agree
Authors: Brindle Andrew , MacMillan Corrie 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This paper combines corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis methodologies in order to investigate the discourses and cyber activism of the British right-wing nationalist party, Britain First. A study of a corpus of texts produced by elite members of the group reveals a racist, xenophobic stance which constructs Islam and Muslims as the radical, dangerous ‘Other’. This creates a discourse of fear that threatens the way of life of the indigenous in-group of the British people. An investigation of the cyber activity of the group demonstrates that Britain First is able to achieve a significant amount of following on social media by publishing populist material that veils their true nature or ideological stance.
Understanding How Angler Characteristics and Context Influence Angler Preferences for Fishing Sites
Authors: Dabrowksa Kora , Hunt Len M. , Haider Wolfgang 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Understanding angler heterogeneity is critical for fisheries managers to be able to develop management approaches that minimize stress to fish and aquatic ecosystems while maximizing benefits to anglers. We used a stated-preference choice model of British Columbia, Canada, anglers to predict their behavioral intentions to fish at lakes described by catch-related and non-catch-related attributes, such as expected catch and travel distance. We investigated how different means of accounting for preference heterogeneity and decision context affected conclusions about angler preferences for fishing sites. Our preferred model of fishing site choice accounted for both observable and unobservable (to the researcher) preference heterogeneity for site attributes, angler characteristics (i.e., recreation specialization and residence), and context (i.e., trip duration and target species). On average, anglers’ preferences conformed to expectations, but preferences for different site attributes varied greatly among anglers and contexts. For example, highly specialized anglers were more influenced by catch rates, fish size, and bag limits and were less deterred by travel than were less-specialized anglers. Anglers facing multiple-day trip contexts were influenced more by fish size and bag limits than were anglers considering day fishing trips. This latter result is especially important, as researchers often estimate models of angler behaviors by excluding anglers that undertake multiple-day trips, who might be the most sensitive to changes in regulations and fishing quality characteristics.
Received June 19, 2017; accepted September 18, 2017Published online November 10, 2017
Headspace volatile organic compounds from bacteria implicated in ventilator-associated pneumonia analysed by TD-GC/MS
Authors: Lawal Oluwasola , Muhamadali Howbeer , Ahmed Waqar M , White Iain R , Nijsen Tamara M E , Goodacre Royston , Fowler Stephen J ,   the BreathDx consortium
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a healthcare-acquired infection arising from the invasion of the lower respiratory tract by opportunistic pathogens in ventilated patients. The current method of diagnosis requires the culture of an airway sample such as bronchoalveolar lavage, which is invasive to obtain and may take up to seven days to identify a causal pathogen, or indeed rule out infection. While awaiting results, patients are administered empirical antibiotics; risks of this approach include lack of effect on the causal pathogen, contribution to the development of antibiotic resistance and downstream effects such as increased length of intensive care stay, cost, morbidity and mortality. Specific biomarkers which could identify causal pathogens in a timely manner are needed as they would allow judicious use of the most appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis in exhaled breath is proposed as an alternative due to its non-invasive nature and its potential to provide rapid diagnosis at the patient’s bedside. VOCs in exhaled breath originate from exogenous, endogenous, as well as microbial sources. To identify potential markers, VAP-associated pathogens Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were cultured in both artificial sputum medium and nutrient broth, and their headspaces were sampled and analysed for VOCs. Previously reported volatile markers were identified in this study, including indole and 1-undecene, alongside compounds that are novel to this investigation, cyclopentanone and 1-hexanol. We further investigated media components (substrates) to identify those that are essential for indole and cyclopentanone production, with potential implications for understanding microbial metabolism in the lung.
Angiotensin Receptor Expression and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Khayat Rami N , Varadharaj Saradhadevi , Porter Kyle , Sow Angela , Jarjoura David , Gavrilin Mikhail A , Zweier Jay L 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) in otherwise healthy patients. The role of renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in the OSA induced VED is not well understood.

METHODS
Recently diagnosed OSA patients with very low cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk (Framingham score &lt;5%) were studied at diagnosis and after 12 weeks of verified continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Participants underwent biopsy of gluteal subcutaneous tissue at baseline and after CPAP. Microcirculatory endothelial expression of angiotensin receptors type-1 (AT-1) and type-2 (AT-2) was measured in the subcutaneous tissue using quantitative confocal microscopy techniques. The ex-vivo effect of AT-1 receptor blockade (ARB) on endothelial superoxide production was also measured before and after CPAP treatment.

RESULTS
In OSA patients (n = 11), microcirculatory endothelial AT1 expression decreased from 873 (200) (fluorescence units) at baseline to 393 (59) units after 12 weeks of CPAP (P = 0.02). AT2 expression did not decrease significantly in these patients (479 (75) to 329 (58) post CPAP (P = 0.08)). The ex-vivo addition of the losartan to the microcirculatory endothelium resulted in decreased superoxide expression in the vascular walls from 14.2 (2.2) units to 4.2 (0.8) P &lt; 0.001; while it had no effect on post-CPAP patient tissue (P = 0.64).

CONCLUSIONS
In OSA patients with no to minimal CVD risk, VED is associated with upregulation of AT-1 expression that is reversible with CPAP. Endothelial oxidative stress was reversible with ARB. RAS activation may play an important role in the development of early CVD risk in OSA patients.
Canvas SPW: calling de novo copy number variants in pedigrees
Authors: Ivakhno Sergii , Roller Eric , Colombo Camilla , Tedder Philip , Cox Anthony J 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Whole genome sequencing is becoming a diagnostics of choice for the identification of rare inherited and de novo copy number variants in families with various pediatric and late-onset genetic diseases. However, joint variant calling in pedigrees is hampered by the complexity of consensus breakpoint alignment across samples within an arbitrary pedigree structure.

Results
We have developed a new tool, Canvas SPW, for the identification of inherited and de novo copy number variants from pedigree sequencing data. Canvas SPW supports a number of family structures and provides a wide range of scoring and filtering options to automate and streamline identification of de novo variants.

Availability and implementation
Canvas SPW is available for download from https://github.com/Illumina/canvas.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Spironolactone-induced degradation of the TFIIH core complex XPB subunit suppresses NF-κB and AP-1 signalling
Authors: Elinoff Jason M , Chen Li-Yuan , Dougherty Edward J , Awad Keytam S , Wang Shuibang , Biancotto Angelique , Siddiqui Afsheen H , Weir Nargues A , Cai Rongman , Sun Junfeng , Preston Ioana R , Solomon Michael A , Danner Robert L 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Aims
Spironolactone (SPL) improves endothelial dysfunction and survival in heart failure. Immune modulation, including poorly understood mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-independent effects of SPL might contribute to these benefits and possibly be useful in other inflammatory cardiovascular diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Methods and results
Using human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) expressing specific nuclear receptors, SPL suppressed NF-κB and AP-1 reporter activity independent of MR and other recognized nuclear receptor partners. NF-κB and AP-1 DNA binding were not affected by SPL and protein synthesis blockade did not interfere with SPL-induced suppression of inflammatory signalling. In contrast, proteasome blockade to inhibit degradation of xeroderma pigmentosum group B complementing protein (XPB), a subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH, or XPB overexpression both prevented SPL-mediated suppression of inflammation. Similar to HEK 293 cells, a proteasome inhibitor blocked XPB loss and SPL suppression of AP-1 induced target genes in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). Unlike SPL, eplerenone (EPL) did not cause XPB degradation and failed to similarly suppress inflammatory signalling. SPL combined with siRNA XPB knockdown further reduced XPB protein levels and had the greatest effect on PAEC inflammatory gene transcription. Using chromatin-immunoprecipitation, PAEC target gene susceptibility to SPL was associated with low basal RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) occupancy and TNFα-induced RNAPII and XPB recruitment. XP patient-derived fibroblasts carrying an N-terminal but not C-terminal XPB mutations were insensitive to both SPL-mediated XPB degradation and TNFα-induced target gene suppression. Importantly, SPL treatment decreased whole lung XPB protein levels in a monocrotaline rat model of pulmonary hypertension and reduced inflammatory markers in an observational cohort of PAH patients.

Conclusion
SPL has important anti-inflammatory effects independent of aldosterone and MR, not shared with EPL. Drug-induced, proteasome-dependent XPB degradation may be a useful therapeutic approach in cardiovascular diseases driven by inflammation.
Anomalous light curves of young tilted exorings
Authors: Sucerquia Mario , Alvarado-Montes J. A. , Ramírez Vanesa , Zuluaga Jorge I. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Despite the success of discovering transiting exoplanets, several recently observed objects (e.g. KIC-8462852, J1407 and PDS-110) exhibit unconventional transit signals, whose appropriate interpretation in terms of a spherical single body has been challenging, if not impossible. In the aforementioned examples, the presence of a ring-like structure has been proposed for explaining the unusual data. Thus, in this Letter, we delve into the dynamics of a tilted exoring disturbed by a third close companion, and the role that the Lidov–Kozai mechanism may have to explain irregular and anomalous transit signals of ringed planets, as well as the ring’s early stages. To that end, we performed numerical simulations and semi-analytical calculations to assess the ring’s dynamical and morphological properties, and their related transit observables. We found that tilted ringed structures undergo short-term changes in shape and orientation that are manifested as strong variations of transit depth and contact times, even between consecutive eclipses. Any detected anomaly in transit characteristics may lead to a miscalculation of the system’s properties (planetary radius, semimajor axis, stellar density and others). Moreover, oscillating ring-like structures may account for the strangeness of some light-curve features in already known and future discovered exoplanets.
Design strategies of highly selective nickel catalysts for H2 production via hydrous hydrazine decomposition: a review
Authors: He Lei , Liang Binglian , Huang Yanqiang , Zhang Tao 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Hydrazine, a widely used liquid propellant, has the potential to be employed as a hydrogen source in certain instances and has therefore attracted considerable attention; consequently, the complete decomposition of hydrazine with 100% H2 selectivity under mild conditions has become the current research focus for catalyst design. In this review, the strategies for the design of efficient catalysts are summarized for complete hydrazine decomposition. The first part of this review introduces the mechanism of hydrazine decomposition, while the second part illustrates the key factors influencing the H2 selectivity of nickel catalysts, including the effects of alloying, alkali promoter addition and strong metal–support interactions. Finally, the critical elements of catalyst design employed in industrial applications are analyzed.
How Nurse Work Environments Relate to the Presence of Parents in Neonatal Intensive Care
Authors: Hallowell Sunny G. , Rogowski Jeannette A. , Lake Eileen T. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Parental presence in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is essential for families to participate in infant care and prepare them to transition from hospital to home. Nurses are the principal caregivers in the NICU. The nurse work environment may influence whether parents spend time with their hospitalized infants.

Purpose:
To examine the relationship between the NICU work environment and parental presence in the NICU using a national data set.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional, observational study of a national sample of 104 NICUs, where 6060 nurses reported on 15,233 infants cared for. Secondary analysis was used to examine associations between the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) (subscale items and with a composite measure) and the proportion of parents who were present during the nurses' shift.

Results:
Parents of 60% (SD = 9.7%) of infants were present during the nurses' shift. The PES-NWI composite score and 2 domains—Nurse Participation in Hospital Affairs and Manager Leadership and Support—were significant predictors of parental presence. A 1 SD higher score in the composite or either subscale was associated with 2.5% more parents being present.

Implications for Practice:
Parental presence in the NICU is significantly associated with better nurse work environments. NICU practices may be enhanced through enhanced leadership and professional opportunities for nurse managers and staff.

Implications for Research:
Future work may benefit from qualitative work with parents to illuminate their experiences with nursing leaders and nurse-led interventions in the NICU and design and testing of interventions to improve the NICU work environment.
Self-limiting Ibrutinib-Induced Neutrophilic Panniculitis
Authors: Stewart Jacob , Bayers Stephanie , Vandergriff Travis 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:
Neutrophilic panniculitis is a relatively rare condition, characterized by predominantly neutrophilic inflammation in the subcutaneous fat. Rarely, neutrophilic panniculitis may be induced by chemotherapeutics or targeted molecular therapies, including the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib. Previously reported cases of ibrutinib-induced panniculitis were suppressed with sustained low-dose steroid therapy while continuing ibrutinib therapy. To our knowledge, self-limiting panniculitis during ibrutinib therapy has not yet been described. We describe a case of self-limiting, neutrophilic panniculitis which developed during ibrutinib therapy. A 78-year-old woman presented to the dermatology clinic with a 3-week history of painful erythematous nodules on her lower extremities which occurred 1 month after initiating ibrutinib therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Physical examination revealed tender erythematous poorly demarcated subcutaneous nodules on the anterior and posterior aspects of both lower legs. A panniculitis was suspected clinically, and a punch biopsy was performed. Histological evaluation revealed a lobular panniculitis with fat necrosis and infiltrates consisting predominantly of neutrophils. A diagnosis of neutrophilic panniculitis was rendered, which the patient opted not to treat. The eruption waned before resolving spontaneously over the course of 6 months despite continued ibrutinib therapy. This case illustrates panniculitis as an emerging adverse drug reaction after treatment with ibrutinib and that not all cases will require ibrutinib dose adjustment or steroid therapy but rather may be subject to spontaneous resolution.
Psammomatous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
Authors: Schuler Andrew , Smith Emily , Chen Stephanie , Chan May P. , Harms Paul W. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:
Psammoma bodies (PBs) are concentric, lamellated calcifications commonly observed in malignancies such as papillary thyroid carcinoma and serous carcinoma of the ovary in which they may serve prognostic value. PBs are rare in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), with only 1 previously reported case. Here, we present 3 cases of cSCC displaying PBs. One case occurred in the setting of end-stage renal disease, whereas the other 2 cases were in patients who did not have comorbid conditions that might predispose to hypercalcemia and dystrophic calcification. All 3 tumors demonstrated classic immunophenotypic findings of cSCC. Our findings indicate that PBs are a rare but recurrent phenomenon in cSCC, with unknown prognostic significance. The potential for PB formation in cSCC should be kept in mind, as this may represent a diagnostic pitfall in tumors with limited sampling or unusual morphologies.