bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Autologous Fat Grafting in Adherent Scars: Results Obtained by a Comprehensive Scar Evaluation Protocol
Authors: Jaspers Mariëlle E. H. , Brouwer Katrien M. , van Trier Antoine J. M. , Groot Marloes L. , Middelkoop Esther , van Zuijlen Paul P. M. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Nowadays, patients normally survive severe traumas such as burn injuries and necrotizing fasciitis. Large skin defects can be closed but the scars remain. Scars may become adherent to underlying structures when the subcutical fat layer is damaged. Autologous fat grafting provides the possibility of reconstructing a functional sliding layer underneath the scar. Autologous fat grafting is becoming increasingly popular for scar treatment, although large studies using validated evaluation tools are lacking. The authors therefore objectified the effectiveness of single-treatment autologous fat grafting on scar pliability using validated scar measurement tools.

Methods:
Forty patients with adherent scars receiving single-treatment autologous fat grafting were measured preoperatively and at 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome parameter was scar pliability, measured using the Cutometer. Scar quality was also evaluated by the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale and the DSM II ColorMeter. To prevent selection bias, measurements were performed following a standardized algorithm.

Results:
The Cutometer parameters elasticity and maximal extension improved 22.5 percent (p < 0.001) and 15.6 percent (p = 0.001), respectively. Total Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale scores improved from 3.6 to 2.9 on the observer scale, and from 5.1 to 3.8 on the patient scale (both p < 0.001). Color differences between the scar and normal skin remained unaltered.

Conclusions:
For the first time, the effect of autologous fat grafting on functional scar parameters was ascertained using a comprehensive scar evaluation protocol. The improved scar pliability supports the authors’ hypothesis that the function of the subcutis can be restored to a certain extent by single-treatment autologous fat grafting.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
An HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Demonstration Project and Safety Study for Young MSM
Authors: Hosek Sybil G. , Rudy Bret , Landovitz Raphael , Kapogiannis Bill , Siberry George , Rutledge Brandy , Liu Nancy , Brothers Jennifer , Mulligan Kathleen , Zimet Gregory , Lally Michelle , Mayer Kenneth H. , Anderson Peter , Kiser Jennifer , Rooney James F. , Wilson Craig M. ,   the Adolescent Trials Network (ATN) for HIV/AIDS Interventions
Published: September 2016

Background:
Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are a key population for implementation of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) interventions. This open-label study examined adherence to PrEP and assessed sexual behavior among a diverse sample of YMSM in 12 US cities.

Methods:
Eligible participants were 18- to 22-year-old HIV-uninfected MSM who reported HIV transmission risk behavior in the previous 6 months. Participants were provided daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (Truvada). Study visits occurred at baseline, monthly through week 12, and then quarterly through week 48. Dried blood spots were serially collected for the quantification of tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP).

Results:
Between March and September 2013, 2186 individuals were approached and 400 were found to be preliminarily eligible. Of those 400, 277 were scheduled for an in-person screening visit and 200 were enrolled (mean age = 20.2; 54.5% black, 26.5% Latino). Diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, including urethral and rectal chlamydial/gonococcal infection and syphilis, at baseline was 22% and remained high across visits. At week 4, 56% of participants had TFV-DP levels consistent with ≥4 pills per week. By week 48, 34% of participants had TFV-DP levels consistent with ≥4 pills per week, with a noticeable drop-off occurring at week 24. Four HIV seroconversions occurred on study (3.29/100 person-years). Condomless sex was reported by >80% of participants, and condomless anal sex with last partner was associated with higher TFV-DP levels.

Conclusions:
Acceptability of PrEP was high, and most participants achieved protective drug levels during monthly visits. As visit frequency decreased, so did adherence. YMSM in the United States may need PrEP access in youth-friendly settings with tailored adherence support and potentially augmented visit schedules.
Changes in Male Circumcision Prevalence and Risk Compensation in the Kisumu, Kenya Population, 2008–2013
Authors: Westercamp Matthew , Jaoko Walter , Mehta Supriya , Abuor Pauline , Siambe Perez , Bailey Robert C. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Three randomized controlled trials showed that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces the risk of female-to-male HIV transmission by approximately 60%. However, data from communities where VMMC programs have been implemented are needed to assess changes in circumcision prevalence and whether men and women compensate for perceived reductions in risk by increasing their HIV risk behaviors.

Methods:
Scale-up of free VMMC began in Kisumu, Kenya in 2008. Between 2009 and 2013, a sequence of 3 unlinked cross-sectional surveys were conducted. All individuals 15–49 years of age residing in randomly selected households were interviewed and offered HIV testing. Male circumcision status was confirmed by examination. Design-adjusted bivariate comparisons and multivariable analyses were used for statistical inference.

Results:
The prevalence of male circumcision increased from 32% (95% CI: 26% to 38%) in 2009 to 60% (95% CI: 56% to 63%) in 2013. The adjusted prevalence ratio of HIV and genital ulcer disease in circumcised compared with uncircumcised men was 0.48 (95% CI: 0.36 to 0.66) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37 to 0.69), respectively. There was no association between circumcision status and sexual behaviors, HIV knowledge, or indicators of risk perception.

Conclusions:
The conditions necessary for the VMMC program to have a significant public health impact are present in Kisumu, Kenya. Between 2009 and 2013, circumcision prevalence increased from 30% to 60%; HIV prevalence in circumcised men was half that of uncircumcised men, and there was no or minimal sexual risk compensation.
Multi-laboratory assessment of reproducibility, qualitative and quantitative performance of SWATH-mass spectrometry
Authors: Collins Ben C. , Hunter Christie L. , Liu Yansheng , Schilling Birgit , Rosenberger George , Bader Samuel L. , Chan Daniel W. , Gibson Bradford W. , Gingras Anne-Claude , Held Jason M. , Hirayama-Kurogi Mio , Hou Guixue , Krisp Christoph , Larsen Brett , Lin Liang , Liu Siqi , Molloy Mark P. , Moritz Robert L. , Ohtsuki Sumio , Schlapbach Ralph , Selevsek Nathalie , Thomas Stefani N. , Tzeng Shin-Cheng , Zhang Hui , Aebersold Ruedi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractQuantitative proteomics employing mass spectrometry has become an indispensable tool in basic and applied life science research. Methods based on data-dependent acquisition have proved extremely valuable for qualitative proteome analysis but historically have struggled to achieve reproducible quantitative data if large sample cohorts are comparatively analyzed. Targeted proteomics, most commonly implemented as selected reaction monitoring, has emerged as a powerful alternative and succeeded in providing a data independent approach for reproducible quantitative proteomics data but is limited in the number of proteins quantified. SWATH-MS is a recently introduced technique consisting of a data-independent acquisition and a targeted data analysis strategy that aims to maintain the favorable quantitative characteristics (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity) achieved in targeted proteomics but on the scale of thousands of proteins. While previous SWATH-MS studies have shown high intra-lab reproducibility, this has not been evaluated on an inter-lab basis. In this multi-laboratory evaluation study using data from 11 sites worldwide, we have demonstrated that using SWATH-MS we can consistently detect and quantify more than 4,000 proteins from HEK293 cells and that the quantitative protein data generated across laboratories is reproducible. Using synthetic peptide dilution series, we have shown that the sensitivity, dynamic range and reproducibility established with SWATH-MS methods are also uniformly achieved across labs. This study demonstrates that SWATH-MS is a reproducible and accurate technique that can be confidently deployed for large-scale protein quantification in life science research.
Phylo-Node: a molecular phylogenetic toolkit using Node.js
Authors: O’Halloran Damien M. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTBackground: Node.js is an open-source and cross-platform environment that provides a JavaScript codebase for back-end server-side applications. JavaScript has been used to develop very fast and user-friendly front-end tools for bioinformatic and phylogenetic analyses. However, no such toolkits are available using Node.js to conduct comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis.Results: To address this problem, I have developed, phylo-node, which was developed using Node.js and provides a stable and scalable toolkit that allows the user to perform diverse molecular and phylogenetic tasks. phylo-node can execute the analysis and process the resulting outputs from a suite of software options that provides tools for read processing and genome alignment, sequence retrieval, multiple sequence alignment, primer design, evolutionary modeling, and phylogeny reconstruction. Furthermore, phylo-node enables the user to deploy server dependent applications, and also provides simple integration and interoperation with other Node modules and languages using Node inheritance patterns, and a customized piping module to support the production of diverse pipelines.Conclusions: phylo-node is open-source and freely available to all users without sign-up or login requirements. All source code and user guidelines are openly available at the GitHub repository: https://github.com/dohalloran/phylo-node
3D chromatin structure estimation through a constraint-enhanced score function
Authors: Caudai Claudia , Salerno Emanuele , Zoppè Monica , Tonazzini Anna 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBased on experimental techniques of the typeChromosome Conformation Capture(3C), several methods have been proposed in the literature to estimate the structure of the nuclear dna in homogeneous populations of cells. Many of these methods transform contact frequencies into Euclidean distances between pairs of chromatin fragments, and then reconstruct the structure by solving a distance-to-geometry problem. To avoid the drawbacks of this strategy, we propose to abandon the frequency-distance translation and adopt a recursive multiscale procedure, where the chromatin fibre is modelled by a new kind of modified bead chain, the data are suitably partitioned at each scale, and the resulting partial structures are estimated independently of each other and then connected again to rebuild the whole chain.We propose a new score function to generate the solution space: it includes a data-fit part that does not require target distances, and a penalty part, which enforcessoftgeometric constraints on the solution, coherent with known physical and biological constraints. The relative weights of the two parts are balanced automatically at each scale and each subchain treated. Since it is reasonable to expect that many different structures fit any 3c-type data set, we sample the solution space by simulated annealing, with no search for an absolute optimum. A set of different solutions with similar scores is thus generated. The procedure can be managed through a minimum set of parameters, independent of both the scale and the particular genomic segment being treated. The user is thus allowed to control the solutions easily and effectively. The partition of the fibre, along with several intrinsically parallel parts, make this method computationally efficient.We report some results obtained with the new method and code, tested against real data, that support the reliability of our method and the biological plausibility of our solutions.
CEO succession: what we know and where to go?
Authors: Cragun Ormonde R. , Nyberg Anthony J. , Wright Pat M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the splintered chief executive officer (CEO) succession literature and provide a unifying future research agenda.Design/methodology/approachThis review content analyzes 227 relevant articles published after 1994. These articles examine the causes, process, replacement, and consequences of CEO succession.FindingsThe review develops a comprehensive typology, identifies gaps in the literature, and proposes opportunities for future research. For instance, the CEO succession literature can be classified along four primary dimensions: when, how, who, and consequences. These four primary dimensions are further explained by ten secondary factors and 30 tertiary components. Research opportunities include: enlarging the data pool to expand the repertoire of firms studied, incorporating the CEO’s perspective, and integrating CEO succession research with literatures in selection, turnover, and human capital theory.Practical implicationsThrough integrating research across research domains, future research will be able to better predict when CEO succession will occur, how to avoid unwanted CEO succession, how to better implement CEO succession, and how to minimize negative aspects and maximize positive aspects of CEO succession for the firm and the CEO, as well as understand the consequences of CEO selection, and help move toward and understanding of how to prevent poor performance, and retain high performing CEOs.Originality/valueThis is the first comprehensive review since 1994. It creates a typology to guide and categorize future research, and shows ways to incorporate relevant, but often ignored literatures (e.g. human resources, psychology, decision making, and human capital).
Time to change: a review of organisational culture change in health care organisations
Authors: Johnson Anya , Nguyen Helena , Groth Markus , Wang Karyn , Ng Ju Li 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe culture of an organization shapes the attitudes and behaviors of employees and plays a key role in driving organizational outcomes. Yet, it is enormously challenging to manage or change. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent literature on culture change interventions in health care organizations to identify the common themes underpinning these interventions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is developed from an extensive review of the literature on culture change interventions in health care from 2005 to 2015, building on previous reviews and highlighting examples of good practice.FindingsAll culture change interventions included in the review used processes and techniques that can be classified into Lewin’s (1951) three stage model of change. These include providing evidence for the need for change through data, a range of successful change strategies, and strategies for embedding the culture change into business as usual.Practical implicationsThere is no “one size fits all” recipe for culture change. Rather, attention to context with key features including diagnosis and evaluation of culture, a combination of support from leaders and others in the organization, and strategies to embed the culture change are important for the change process to happen.Originality/valueThe authors provide an important insight into the key principles and features of culture change interventions to provide practitioners with guidance on the process within health care and other organizations.
A novel regulatory circuit to control indole biosynthesis protects Escherichia coli from nitrosative damages during the anaerobic respiration of nitrate
Authors: Lai Yong , Xu Zeling , Yan Aixin 
Published: September 2016

SummaryIndole is a widely distributed microbial secondary metabolite. It mediates a broad range of physiological processes in both its producing and surrounding species. Yet, indole biosynthesis during the anaerobiosis of bacteria remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we find that while indole production is promoted during fermentation and anaerobic respiration of fumarate and trimethylamine N‐oxide in E. coli, its biosynthesis is repressed during anaerobic respiration of nitrate especially during exponential growth. We show that expression of the indole biosynthetic operon tnaCAB is repressed under this condition by the two component systems NarXL and NarPQ in the global regulator FNR dependent manner. During stationary growth phase of nitrate respiration, indole biosynthesis is derepressed. However, cellular indole concentration remains low. We demonstrate that this is due to the rapid conversion of indole into mutagenic indole nitrosative derivatives under this condition. Consistent with this, a supplement of exogenous indole during nitrate respiration causes elevated mutation frequencies in E. coli cells lacking the detoxifying efflux genes mdtEF, and ectopic over‐expression of tnaAB genes decreases the fitness of E. coli to this physiological condition. Together, these results suggest that indole production is tuned to the bioenergetics activities of E. coli to facilitate its adaptation and fitness.
Income Mobility and Income Inequality in Scottish Agriculture
Authors: Allanson Paul , Kasprzyk Kalina , Barnes Andrew P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe paper explores the distributional consequences of farm income mobility in Scotland, focusing on the extent to which farm income inequality is a chronic as opposed to a temporary phenomenon and on the nature of the dynamic processes driving changes in farm income inequality over time. The empirical results reveal that the majority of farm income inequality was long‐run or structural in nature, reflecting differences in both farm business size and farm‐specific factors such as land quality, managerial ability and business structures. Evidence of absolute convergence in farm incomes is explained by short‐run adjustments towards equilibrium or target incomes conditional upon prices, technology and farm business size, with farm business growth conditional upon survival found to have had no significant redistributive effect.
Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Zakaria Hazem M. , Gad Emad H. , Nada Ali , Abdelaleem Anwar A. , Maher Doha , Abdel Samea Mohammad E. , Sabry Alyaa 
Published: September 2016

AimHepatic resection (HR) in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal hypertension (PHT) is not recommended, according to international guidelines. The aim of the present study was to determine the outcome of HR for HCC in cirrhotic patients with PHT.MethodsThe present study was a single institutional, retrospective study of 170 Child–Pugh class A cirrhotic patients who underwent HR for HCC from 2011 to July 2015. The patients were divided into two groups, according to the presence and absence of PHT.ResultsPHT was present in 91 patients (53.5 per cent). The postoperative morbidity was insignificantly higher in patients with PHT than patients without PHT (31.9 per cent vs 25.3 per cent, respectively, P = 0.36). Patients with PHT showed 90‐day perioperative mortality (3.3 per cent), which was similar to patients without PHT (2.5 per cent). In the subgroup analysis, the 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival for patients with limited HR was 90.3 per cent, 74.3 per cent and 66.2 per cent, respectively, for patients with PHT, and 93.9 per cent, 80.9 per cent and 73.6 per cent, respectively, for patients without PHT, without a significant statistical difference (P = 0.38).ConclusionHR in Child–Pugh class A cirrhotic patients with PHT is a safe and effective procedure with good short‐ and long‐term outcomes in comparison to patients without PHT, especially those with limited liver resection.
Genetic diversity and genomic signatures of selection among cattle breeds from Siberia, eastern and northern Europe
Authors: Iso‐Touru T. , Tapio M. , Vilkki J. , Kiseleva T. , Ammosov I. , Ivanova Z. , Popov R. , Ozerov M. , Kantanen J. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryDomestication in the near eastern region had a major impact on the gene pool of humpless taurine cattle (Bos taurus). As a result of subsequent natural and artificial selection, hundreds of different breeds have evolved, displaying a broad range of phenotypic traits. Here, 10 Eurasian B. taurus breeds from different biogeographic and production conditions, which exhibit different demographic histories and have been under artificial selection at various intensities, were investigated using the Illumina BovineSNP50 panel to understand their genetic diversity and population structure. In addition, we scanned genomes from eight breeds for signatures of diversifying selection. Our population structure analysis indicated six distinct breed groups, the most divergent being the Yakutian cattle from Siberia. Selection signals were shared (experimental P‐value < 0.01) with more than four breeds on chromosomes 6, 7, 13, 16 and 22. The strongest selection signals in the Yakutian cattle were found on chromosomes 7 and 21, where a miRNA gene and genes related to immune system processes are respectively located. In general, genomic regions indicating selection overlapped with known QTL associated with milk production (e.g. on chromosome 19), reproduction (e.g. on chromosome 24) and meat quality (e.g. on chromosome 7). The selection map created in this study shows that native cattle breeds and their genetic resources represent unique material for future breeding.
Scripting Dissent: US Abortion Laws, State Power, and the Politics of Scripted Speech
Authors: Buchbinder Mara 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTAbortion laws offer a point of entry for “the state” to intervene in intimate clinical matters. In this article, I explore the various uses of scripts and scripting in state‐mandated abortion counseling following the implementation of North Carolina's (2011) Woman's “Right to Know” Act. The law mandates that women receive counseling with specific, state‐prescribed information at least 24 hours prior to an abortion. Drawing on interviews with abortion providers in North Carolina, I analyze how the meaning of scripting shifts across different clinical and bureaucratic contexts and show that abortion providers perceived themselves to be scripted by “the state” even though their words were not explicitly chosen by lawmakers. Thus, rather than viewing the law merely as a product of North Carolina legislative activity, I argue that abortion providers also help to create the law, and its social and moral power, by interpreting and enacting it. However, abortion providers also revealed creative strategies for “scripting dissent” from the law—that is, rejecting, challenging, or otherwise subverting the state's ideological message. This demonstrates that the linguistic force of the script stretches beyond its textual meaning to encompass the way it is performed within a particular context and how it is sometimes used for unexpected ends. [abortion, reproduction, biopolitics, the state, law, medicine, United States]