bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Handedness on Visual P300 Responses and Visual Scanning Pathways
Authors: Eskikurt Gökcer , Yücesir İlker , İsoglu-Alkac Ümmühan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIt is thought that hemispheric asymmetry is reflected to behavioral asymmetries. The most prominent behavioral asymmetry is hand preference. This study consisted of two groups (14 each) with different handedness. Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) to a visual oddball task were recorded from 19 sites, and another session with a “change detection paradigm” was applied, where the visual scanning pathways were recorded. Although the comparison of P300 grand averages of 19 sites showed no significant difference between the groups, the comparison of the central sites (Fz, Cz, Pz) showed significant differences of both, amplitude and latency, (p<0.05; p<0.04) respectively, where larger amplitudes and longer latencies were found in the right handed group. Both groups have showed larger P300 amplitudes of right hemispheric responses (p<0.01) in inter-hemispheric comparison. The results of “change detection paradigm” have shown no significant difference between the groups. The cognitive processing of visual information was found to be more dominant at the right hemisphere in both groups, and stronger at central sites in right handed subjects than their left handed counter partners. The study included both, right- and left handed subjects, which makes it more specific than the previous studies in the field. The present findings were related with the results of studies which examine the thickness of the skull, the size of corpus callosal area and the functional specialization of hemispheres.
The Essence of Free will and of Its Real Main Restriction
Authors: Rotenberg Vadim 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Free will is actually a free choice of a definite type of behavior from many options that are determined by different objective conditions. This choice is the function of the Self-Image as the highest level of personality. At the same time Self-Image restricts the free will making it different from arbitrariness. The essence of the free will is the subject’s responsible choice of one option of motivated behavior from many options and this choice is determined by the subject’s Self-Image as the most integrative and not totally conscious or realized representation of the Self that includes the highest personal values.
Standard of Open Surgical Repair of Suprapubic Incisional Hernias
Authors: Renard Yohann , Simonneau Anne‐Charlotte , de Mestier Louis , Teuma Lugdivine , Meffert Jean‐Luc , Palot Jean‐Pierre , Kianmanesh Reza 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundSuprapubic incisional hernias (SIH) are a rare wall defect, whose surgical management is challenging because of limited literature. The proximity of the hernia to bone, vascular, nerve, and urinary structures, and the absence of posterior rectus sheath in this location imply adequate technique of surgical repair. We aimed to describe a cohort of female patients operated on for SIH after gynecological surgery using a homogeneous surgical technique and to report surgical outcomes.MethodsThe records of all consecutive patients operated on for SIH in a specialized surgical center between January 2009 and January 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The same open technique was performed, i.e., using a mesh placed inferiorly in the preperitoneal space of Retzius, with large overlap, and fixed on the Cooper’s ligaments, through the muscles superiorly and laterally with strong tension, in a sublay or underlay position.ResultsThe cohort included 71 female patients. SIH were recurrent in 31% of patients and was related to cesarean in 32 patients (45.1%) and to gynecologic surgery in 39 patients (54.9%). The mesh was totally extraperitoneal in 76.1% of patients. The postoperative mortality rate was null. The rate of specific surgical complications was 29.6%. After a median follow‐up of 30.3 months, the recurrence rate was 7%.ConclusionThe open approach for SIH repair was safe and efficient. Due to the paucity of adequate scientific studies, this reproducible open method could help moving toward a standardization of SIH surgical management.
Habitat structure determines spider diversity in highland ponds
Authors: Ávila Arthur Cardoso , Stenert Cristina , Rodrigues Everton Nei Lopes , Maltchik Leonardo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWetlands (e.g. ponds, meadows) can be found in many landscapes, playing an important role in maintaining regional biodiversity and supporting heterogeneous communities. Spiders are diversified predators that are highly influenced by changes in plant community structure, heterogeneous habitats sustain high spider diversity and abundance. We investigated the characteristics of spider biodiversity in ponds with different habitat structures, by examining patterns across habitats of ponds with different vegetation levels. Sampling took place in four occasions over a year. We compared spider abundance, species richness and composition among ponds including distinct vegetation variables, related to life form, type of leaves, coverage and height. Overall 1174 individuals (194 adults) of 11 families and 37 morphospecies were sampled. We found mostly expected differences in the manner that communities were structured between different habitats. Thus, higher variability of abundance was explained for higher habitat structure of ponds. We also found differences in species composition between ponds with low emergent vegetation and higher habitat structures. Additionaly, spiders were consistently structured more by turnover than nestedness components, with a greater beta diversity of web‐builders. Our results suggest varying levels of habitat structures and species substitution shape pond spider communities, depending on habitat heterogeneity and spider guild. Those findings demonstrate the clear role of spatial habitat structure, with more spider species preferring to build webs or actively hunt at vegetated environments on ponds.
An energy estimate of an exterior problem and a Liouville theorem for harmonic maps
Authors: Zhang Dong 
Published: February 2017

We prove that the exterior harmonic maps, from

R^n\setminus Ω

(

n ≧ 3

) to a bounded strictly convex geodesic ball of some Riemannian manifolds, have finite conformal invariant energy. A consequence of this estimate is a Liouville theorem which states that harmonic maps between Euclidean space

(R^n, g_0)

and Riemannian manifolds are constant maps provided their image at infinity falls into a bounded strictly convex geodesic ball.

Résumé

Nous démontrons que des applications harmoniques extérieures, de

R^n\setminus Ω

(

n ≧ 3

) vers une boule géodésique donnée strictement convexe d’une variété riemannienne, ont une énergie invariante conforme finie. Une conséquence de ce résultat est un théorème de Liouville qui montre qu’une application harmonique, entre un espace euclidien

(R^n, g_0)

et des variétés riemanniennes, est constante dès que son image à l’infini est continue dans une boule géodésique bornée strictement convexe.
A priori regularity for weak solutions of some nonlinear elliptic equations
Authors: Pacard Frank 
Published: February 2017

Let

f(u)

be some positive regular function bounded from above by

u^{\frac{n}{n−2}}

, in

ℝ^+

. We derive some necessary and sufficient conditions, in order for all positive solutions to

−\mathrm{\Delta }u = f\left(u\right) \in L_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1}\left(ℝ^{n}\right)

to be regular.

Résumé

Soit

f(u)

une fonction positive, suffisamment régulière, bornée par

u^{\frac{n}{n−2}}

sur

ℝ^+

. On démontre qu’il existe un critère permettant de déterminer si toutes les solutions faibles positives de

−\mathrm{\Delta }u = f\left(u\right) \in L_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1}\left(ℝ^{n}\right)

sont régulières.
Small solutions to nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Kenig Carlos E. , Ponce Gustavo , Vega Luis 
Published: February 2017

It is shown that the initial value problem for the nonlinear Schrödinger equations

∂_{t}u = i\mathrm{\Delta }u + \mathrm{P}(u,\:\nabla _{x}u,\:\bar u,\:\nabla _{x}\bar u),\:\:t \in ℝ,\:x \in ℝ^{n},

where

Ρ (.)

is a polynomial having no constant or linear terms, is locally well posed for a class of “small” data

u_0

.

The main ingredients in the proof are new estimates describing the smoothing effect of Kato type for the group

\left\{e^{it\mathrm{\Delta }}\right\}_{−∞}^{∞}

. This method extends to systems and other dispersive models.

Résumé
On montre que le problème de Cauchy pour l’équation de Schrödinger non linéaire

∂_{t}u = i\mathrm{\Delta }u + \mathrm{P}(u,\:\nabla _{x}u,\:\bar u,\:\nabla _{x}\bar u),\:\:t \in ℝ,\:x \in ℝ^{n},

où

P (.)

est un polynôme sans termes constants ou linéaires, est bien posé pour une classe de « petites » données

u_0

.

Les ingrédients principaux de la démonstration sont des nouvelles estimations qui décrivent l’effet régularisant de type de Kato pour le groupe

\left\{e^{it\mathrm{\Delta }}\right\}

. La méthode admet des extensions aux systèmes et aux autres modèles dispersifs.
On the Blowup of Multidimensional Semilinear Heat Equations
Authors: Filippas Stathis , Liu Wenxiong 
Published: February 2017

This work is concerned with positive, blowing-up solutions of the semilinear heat equation

u_t − ∆u = u^p

in

\mathbf R^n

. No symmetry assumptions are made. Working with the equation in similarity variables, we first prove a result suggested by center manifold theory. We then calculate the refined asymptotics for

u

in a backward space-time parabola near a blowup point, and we obtain some information about the local structure of the blowup set. Our results suggest that in space dimension

n

, among solutions that follow the center manifold, there are exactly

n

different blowup patterns.

Résumé

On étudie les solutions positives explosant en temps fini de l’equation semilinéaire de la chaleur :

u_t − ∆u = u^p

dans

\mathbf R^n

. On ne suppose aucune hypothèse de symétrie. On calcule le comportement asymptotique de la solution au voisinage d’un point d’explosion et on obtient certaines informations sur l’ensemble des points d’explosion.
Univalent solutions of elliptic systems of Heinz-Lewy type
Authors: Schulz Friedmar 
Published: February 2017

Under consideration are homeomorphisms

u= (u^1(x^1, x^2), u^2(x^1, x^2))

with finite Dirichlet integral which solve binary, quasilinear elliptic systems (3) with quadratic growth in the gradient of the solution mapping. Regularity results are derived under minimal assumptions on the coefficients of the system. The non-vanishing of the Jacobian is shown for the Heinz–Lewy system (1) together with an
a priori
estimate from below under suitable normalizations. This involves proving an asymptotic expansion for real-valued functions

φ(x)

satisfying the differential inequality (2).

Résumé

On considére des homéomorphismes

u= (u^1(x^1, x^2), u^2(x^1, x^2))

dont l’intégrale de Dirichlet est finie et qui résolvent certains systèmes elliptiques quasilinéaires. On démontre alors des résultats de régulants. Dans le cas particulier du système des Heinz–Lewy, on démontre la non-nullité du Jacobien ainsi qu’une estimation
a priori
par le dessous.
Interior curvature estimates for hypersurfaces of prescribed mean curvature
Authors: Ecker Klaus , Huisken Gerhard 
Published: February 2017

We prove that a smooth solution of the prescribed mean curvature equation

\operatorname{div} (v^{−1} \mathrm{D}u) = \mathrm H

,

v = (1 + |\mathrm Du|^2)^{1/2}

satisfies an interior curvature estimate of the form

\left|\mathrm{A}\right|v\left(0\right)≦c\:\mathbf{R}^{−1}\sup\limits_{\mathrm{B}_{\mathbf{R}}(0)} \:v.

Résumé

On démontre qu’une solution de l’équation

\operatorname{div} (v^{−1} \mathrm{D}u) = \mathrm H

,

v = (1 + |\mathrm Du|^2)^{1/2}

satisfait l’estimation intérieure pour la courbure

\left|\mathrm{A}\right|v\left(0\right)≦c\:\mathbf{R}^{−1}\sup\limits_{\mathrm{B}_{\mathbf{R}}(0)} \:v.
Trademark and Unfair Competition Conflicts
Authors: Dornis Tim W. 
Published: February 2017

With the rise of internet marketing and e-commerce around the world, international and cross-border conflicts in trademark and unfair competition law have become increasingly important. In this groundbreaking work, Tim Dornis - who, in addition to his scholarly pursuits, has worked as an attorney, a public prosecutor, and a judge, giving him experience in both civil and common-law jurisdictions - presents the historical-comparative, doctrinal, and economic aspects of trademark and unfair competition conflicts law. The book should be read by any scholar or practitioner interested in the international aspects of intellectual property generally, and trademark and unfair competition law specifically. This title is available as Open Access.
Characterization and functional analysis of serpin-1 like gene from oak silkworm Antheraea pernyi
Authors: Yu H.M. , Zhu B.J. , Sun Y. , Wei G.Q. , Wang L. , Qian C. , Nadeem Abbas M. , Liu C.L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSerpins are a broadly distributed family of proteases found in various organisms that play an important role in regulating the immune response. Here, we identified a serpin-1 gene from Antheraea pernyi that encodes a 279 amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 30.8 kDa. We expressed the recombinant Ap-serpin-1 protein in Escherichia coli and used the purified protein to prepare rabbit anti-Ap-serpin-1 polyclonal antibodies. We calculated the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titer of the antibody as 1:128000. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that Ap-serpin-1 was expressed in all examined tissues, including hemolymph, malpighian tubules, midgut, silk gland, integument and the fat body; the highest Ap-serpin-1 expression levels was detected in the fat body. We next investigated the expression patterns of Ap-serpin-1 in both fat body and hemolymph samples, following treatment with E. coli, Beauveria bassiana, Micrococcus luteus and nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). We reported that NPV and M. luteus significantly enhanced Ap-serpin-1 expression in the fat body. While, in the hemolymph samples, treatment with B. bassiana and M. luteus was shown to upregulate Ap-serpin-1 expression at 24 h induction. Altogether, our results suggest that Ap-serpin-1 is involved in the innate immunity of A. pernyi.
Hospitalizations associated with salmonellosis among seniors in Canada, 2000–2010
Authors: TURGEON P. , MURRAY R. , NESBITT A. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYSalmonella is one of the most prevalent bacteria associated with enteric illness in Canada and seniors are considered a vulnerable population more likely to develop severe illness. In the coming decades, hospitalizations and deaths associated with Salmonella in seniors could represent a challenge due to an aging population in Canada. The numbers of non-typhoidal (NT) Salmonella-related hospitalizations from the Canadian Hospitalization Morbidity Database were analysed for a period of 10 years for seniors. Hospitalization rate calculations and descriptive analyses were performed on variables associated with the burden of hospitalization and compared with the adult age group. Estimates of hospitalizations and deaths associated with domestically acquired Salmonella (accounting for under-reporting) were also calculated. This study found that 50% of the NT Salmonella-related hospitalization and 82% of the deaths recorded in the Canadian adult population occurred in seniors. The length of hospitalization stay was also longer in seniors (7 days) than other adults (4 days). We estimated that each year, 535 hospitalizations and 27 deaths are related to domestically acquired Salmonella in seniors. Senior populations represent a substantial percentage of Salmonella-related hospitalizations and deaths in Canada and the burden associated with those hospitalizations is also greater. This should be considered when developing estimates of medical costs and implementing prevention activities.
Seeds of non-native species in King George Island soil
Authors: Fuentes-Lillo Eduardo , Cuba-Díaz Marely , Troncoso-Castro José M. , Rondanelli-Reyes Mauricio 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Antarctic terrestrial ecosystem is relatively simple and has low plant diversity. Taking into account the current effects of climate change and the exponential increase in visitors during the past 50 years, this ecosystem is very vulnerable to the arrival of non-native species. Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, is an area of high human impact due to the scientific and logistical activities that occur there making the area particularly interesting for the arrival of non-native species. In this study, we determine the spectrum of seeds arriving to the peninsula and being deposited in the topsoil. Soil samples were collected and analysed in order to identify and quantify plant material. The results indicate that there is a direct relationship between the sites where seeds were found and areas with higher levels of human activity on the peninsula. Eight species were identified, with the most common beingHypochaeris radicataandSenecio jacobaea. Seed quantification indicated that areas of high human activity are most vulnerable to the invasion and establishment of non-native species. This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of non-native seeds in the topsoil at Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica.
The State of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Systems in Africa
Authors: Mould-Millman Nee-Kofi , Dixon Julia M. , Sefa Nana , Yancey Arthur , Hollong Bonaventure G. , Hagahmed Mohamed , Ginde Adit A. , Wallis Lee A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the existence, distribution, and characteristics of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems in Africa, or the corresponding epidemiology of prehospital illness and injury.MethodsA survey was conducted between 2013 and 2014 by distributing a detailed EMS system questionnaire to experts in paper and electronic versions. The questionnaire ascertained EMS systems’ jurisdiction, operations, finance, clinical care, resources, and regulatory environment. The discovery of respondents with requisite expertise occurred in multiple phases, including snowball sampling, a review of published scientific literature, and a rigorous search of the Internet.ResultsThe survey response rate was 46%, and data represented 49 of 54 (91%) African countries. Twenty-five EMS systems were identified and distributed among 16 countries (30% of African countries). There was no evidence of EMS systems in 33 (61%) countries. A total of 98,574,731 (8.7%) of the African population were serviced by at least one EMS system in 2012. The leading causes of EMS transport were (in order of decreasing frequency): injury, obstetric, respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal complaints. Nineteen percent of African countries had government-financed EMS systems and 26% had a toll-free public access telephone number. Basic emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and Basic Life Support (BLS)-equipped ambulances were the most common cadre of provider and ambulance level, respectively (84% each).ConclusionEmergency Medical Services systems exist in one-third of African countries. Injury and obstetric complaints are the leading African prehospital conditions. Only a minority (<9.0%) of Africans have coverage by an EMS system. Most systems were predominantly BLS, government operated, and fee-for-service.Mould-MillmanNK, DixonJM, SefaN, YanceyA, HollongBG, HagahmedM, GindeAA, WallisLA. The state of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems in Africa. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):273–283.
Luminescence Spectroscopical Properties of Plagioclase Particles from the Hayabusa Sample Return Mission: An Implication for Study of Space Weathering Processes in the Asteroid Itokawa
Authors: Gucsik Arnold , Nakamura Tomoki , Jäger Cornelia , Ninagawa Kiyotaka , Nishido Hirotsugu , Kayama Masahiro , Tsuchiyama Akira , Ott Ulrich , Kereszturi Ákos 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe report a systematic spectroscopical investigation of three plagioclase particles (RB-QD04-0022, RA-QD02-0025-01, and RA-QD02-0025-02) returned by the Hayabusa spacecraft from the asteroid Itokawa, by means of scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence microscopy/spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The cathodoluminescence properties are used to evaluate the crystallization effects and the degree of space weathering processes, especially the shock-wave history of Itokawa. They provide new insights regarding spectral changes of asteroidal bodies due to space weathering processes. The cathodoluminescence spectra of the plagioclase particles from Itokawa show a defect-related broad band centered at around 450 nm, with a shoulder peak at 425 nm in the blue region, but there are no Mn- or Fe-related emission peaks. The absence of these crystal field-related activators indicates that the plagioclase was formed during thermal metamorphism at subsolidus temperature and extreme low oxygen fugacity. Luminescence characteristics of the selected samples do not show any signatures of the shock-induced microstructures or amorphization, indicating that these plagioclase samples suffered no (or low-shock pressure regime) shock metamorphism. Cathodoluminescence can play a key role as a powerful tool to determine mineralogy of fine-grained astromaterials.
Optimization of Vascular Casting for Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Cryo-Imaging of Collateral Vessels in the Ischemic Rat Hindlimb
Authors: Schwarz Janina C.V. , van Lier Monique G.J.T.B. , Bakker Erik N.T.P. , de Vos Judith , Spaan Jos A.E. , VanBavel Ed , Siebes Maria 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDevelopment of collateral vessels, arteriogenesis, may protect against tissue ischemia, however, quantitative data on this process remain scarce. We have developed a technique for replicating the entire arterial network of ischemic rat hindlimbs in three dimensions (3D) based on vascular casting and automated sequential cryo-imaging. Various dilutions of Batson’s No. 17 with methyl methacrylate were evaluated in healthy rats, with further protocol optimization in ischemic rats. Penetration of the resin into the vascular network greatly depended on dilution; the total length of casted vessels below 75 µm was 13-fold higher at 50% dilution compared with the 10% dilution. Dilutions of 25–30%, with transient clamping of the healthy iliac artery, were optimal for imaging the arterial network in unilateral ischemia. This protocol completely filled the lumina of small arterioles and collateral vessels. These appeared as thin anastomoses in healthy legs and increasingly larger vessels during ligation (median diameter 1 week: 63 µm, 4 weeks: 127 µm). The presented combination of quality casts with high-resolution cryo-imaging enables automated, detailed 3D analysis of collateral adaptation, which furthermore can be combined with co-registered 3D distributions of fluorescent molecular imaging markers reflecting biological activity or perfusion.