bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eosinophilic Enteritis in Horses with Motor Neuron Disease
Authors: Díez de Castro E. , Zafra R. , Acevedo L.M. , Pérez J. , Acosta I. , Rivero J.L.L. , Aguilera‐Tejero E. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundEquine motor neuron disease (EMND) is a neuromuscular disorder that affects adult horses. AlthoughEMNDhas been linked to vitamin E deficiency, its etiopathogenesis is poorly understood.ObjectivesTo describe clinical features, laboratory results, and postmortem findings in a series of young horses with motor neuron disease (MND).AnimalsA herd of 15 young Andalusian horses with weakness, weight loss, muscle atrophy, and muscle fasciculations related to restricted intake of green forage.MethodsA case series is presented in which horses were subjected to a clinical examination and plasma vitamin E measurement. Five severely affected horses were euthanized for detailed postmortem examination. Muscle specimens were taken from theM. sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialisand theM. gluteus mediusfor histopathologic and morphometric evaluation.ResultsMNDwas diagnosed in 5 horses based on clinical signs, low serum levels of vitamin E (0.11 ± 0.05 mg/dL; normal range,: 0.3–1.5 mg/dL), changes in muscle histopathology (neurogenic atrophy), and spinal cord lesions (neuronal chromatolysis in ventral horns). An unexpected postmortem finding was the presence of intestinal inflammation (catarrhal enteritis, edema, and eosinophilic infiltrate) associated with the presence of giant ciliated protozoa in all of the horses.ConclusionsAlthough a mechanistic link could not be established, it is hypothesized that intestinal inflammation may have been involved in the decreased absorption of vitamin E, thus favoring the development ofMND.
Comparative plasma and milk dispositions, faecal excretion and efficacy of per os ivermectin and pour‐on eprinomectin in horses
Authors: Gokbulut C. , Ozuicli M. , Aksit D. , Aksoz E. , Korkut O. , Yalcinkaya M. , Cirak V. Y. 
Published: March 2016

The horse milk gains increasing interest as a food product for sensitive consumers, such as children with food allergies or elderly people. We investigated the plasma and milk disposition, faecal excretion and efficacy of per os ivermectin (IVM) and pour‐on eprinomectin (EPM) in horses. Ten mares were divided into two groups. The equine paste formulation of IVM and bovine pour‐on formulation of EPM were administered orally and topically at dosage of 0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight. Blood, milk and faecal samples were analysed using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The plasma concentration and persistence of IVM were significantly greater and longer compared with those of EPM. Surprisingly, EPM displayed a much higher disposition rate into milk (AUCmilk/plasma: 0.48) than IVM (AUCmilk/plasma: 0.19). IVM exhibited significantly higher faecal excretion (AUCfaeces: 7148.54 ng·d/g) but shorter faecal persistence (MRTfaeces: 1.17 days) compared with EPM (AUCfaeces: 42.43 ng·d/g and MRTfaeces: 3.29 days). Faecal strongyle egg counts (EPG) were performed before and at weekly intervals after treatment. IVM reduced the EPG by 96–100% for up to 8 weeks, whereas the reduction in the EPM group varied from 78 to 99%. In conclusion, due to the relatively low excretion in milk, EPM and IVM may be used safely in lactating mares if their milk is used for human consumption. Nevertheless, much lower plasma and faecal availabilities of EPM could result in subtherapeutic concentrations, which may increase the risk of drug resistance in nematodes after pour‐on EPM administration compared with per os IVM.
Perceptual Particularity
Authors: Schellenberg Susanna 
Published: March 2016

Perception grounds demonstrative reference, yields singular thoughts, and fixes the reference of singular terms. Moreover, perception provides us with knowledge of particulars in our environment and justifies singular thoughts about particulars. How does perception play these cognitive and epistemic roles in our lives? I address this question by exploring the fundamental nature of perceptual experience. I argue that perceptual states are constituted by particulars and discuss epistemic, ontological, psychologistic, and semantic approaches to account for perceptual particularity.
The effect of post‐harvest storage conditions on the development of black dot (Colletotrichum coccodes) on potato in crops grown for different durations
Authors: Peters J. C. , Harper G. , Brierley J. L. , Lees A. K. , Wale S. J. , Hilton A. J. , Gladders P. , Boonham N. , Cunnington A. C. 
Published: March 2016

The effects of post‐harvest curing and storage temperature on severity of black dot, caused by Colletotrichum coccodes, were investigated for potato crops grown for different crop durations (days from 50% emergence to harvest) in soils that posed a low, medium and high risk of disease. In field trials over four growing seasons (2005–8), black dot severity at harvest increased with increasing crop duration, within the range 103–146 days from 50% emergence to harvest (P < 0.05). In field trials over three growing seasons (2006–8), black dot severity on tubers at harvest increased significantly with increasing soil inoculum in each year, within the range 43–4787 pg C. coccodes DNA/g soil (P < 0.05). Storage trials were conducted to measure the influence of accumulated post‐harvest temperature on black dot. In 2005, no difference in black dot severity was observed on tubers stored for 20 weeks at 2.5 and 3.5 °C. In 2006 (but not 2007), increasing the duration of curing after harvest from 4 to 14 days increased black dot severity on tubers from 8.9 to 11.2% (P < 0.01) in long duration crops (>131 days after 50% emergence) grown under high (>1000 pg C. coccodes DNA/g soil) soil inoculum. The number of days of curing did not affect disease severity for shorter duration crops grown at high soil inoculum, or on crops grown at medium or low (100–1000 and <100 pg C. coccodes DNA/g soil, respectively) soil inoculum concentrations. Soil inoculum and crop duration together provided a reasonable prediction of black dot severity at harvest and after a 20‐week storage period.
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Croatia: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Grizelj Ruža , Bojanić Katarina , Vuković Jurica , Novak Milivoj , Rodin Urelija , Ćorić Tanja , Stanojević Milan , Schroeder Darrell R. , Weingarten Toby N. , Sprung Juraj ,   The Croatian Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes of neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are variable; reports are frequently limited to the experience of single tertiary care centres—a possible source of bias. Population‐based studies decrease survivor bias and provide additional insight into this high‐mortality condition. The objective of this study was to examine the incidence and outcomes of CDH in Croatia.MethodsAll cases of CDH in Croatia from 2001 through 2013 were ascertained from public health records. Overall and sex‐ and region‐specific incidence rates were calculated, and characteristics associated with 1‐year survival were assessed.ResultsWe identified 145 cases of CDH during the study period, for an incidence of 2.67 per 10 000 total births. The incidence did not differ by calendar year (P = 0.38) or geographic region (P = 0.67). There was a slightly higher incidence among males (rate ratio, 1.37, 95% CI 0.99, 1.91). The 1‐year survival rate was 33.1% for the entire cohort and 47.9% for liveborns who received any treatment at an intensive care unit. From multivariable analysis, survival was decreased in neonates with left CDH, liver up (odds ratio 0.1, 95% CI, 0.03, 0.4) and increased when treated in a centre with higher case volume (odds ratio 12.8, 95% CI, 2.2, 72.1).ConclusionsThe incidence of CDH in Croatia is within the range of previous reports. Survival was substantially higher in neonates treated in a centre with higher case volume, which suggests that centralisation of medical care for CDH may be warranted in Croatia.
Body Mass Index, Overweight, and Obesity in Swedish Women Born Post‐term
Authors: Derraik José G. B. , Lundgren Maria , Cutfield Wayne S. , Ahlsson Fredrik 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing evidence that post‐term birth (≥42 weeks of gestation) is associated with adverse long‐term outcomes. We assessed whether women born post‐term displayed increased risk of overweight and obesity in adulthood.MethodsData were collected at first antenatal visit (~10–12 weeks of gestation) on singleton Swedish women aged ≥18 years in 1991–2009 (mean age 26.1 years), who were born post‐term (n = 27 153) or at term (37–41 weeks of gestation; n = 184 245). Study outcomes were evaluated for continuous associations with gestational age. Stratified analyses were carried out comparing women born post‐term or at term. Analyses were also run with a 2‐week buffer between groups to account for possible errors in gestational age estimation, comparing women born very post‐term (≥43 weeks of gestation; n = 5761) to those born within a narrower term window (38–40 weeks of gestation; n = 130 110).ResultsIncreasing gestational age was associated with greater adult weight and body mass index (BMI). Stratified analyses showed that women born post‐term were 0.5 kg heavier and had BMI 0.2 kg/m2 greater than those born at term. Differences were more marked between women born very post‐term (≥43 weeks) vs. a narrower term group (38–40 weeks): 1.0 kg and 0.3 kg/m2. The adjusted relative risks of overweight/obesity and obesity in women born very post‐term were 1.13 and 1.12 times higher, respectively, than in those born at term.ConclusionsPost‐term birth is associated with greater BMI and increased risk of overweight and obesity in adulthood, particularly among women born ≥43 weeks of gestation.
Lapses in skin conductance responding across anatomical sites: Comparison of fingers, feet, forehead, and wrist
Authors: Payne Andrew F. H. , Schell Anne M. , Dawson Michael E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe fingers are widely accepted as the gold standard for skin conductance (SC) recording, with the feet as a strong alternative. However, there are gaps in the current literature comparing these sites. There is also a great deal of interest in alternative recording sites to permit mobility, but data evaluating these are few and inconsistent. The present report compared multiple sites (fingers, abductor hallucis of the foot, arch of the foot, toes, forehead, and wrist) from 45 college student participants in a short‐term sedentary laboratory setting and found large variation in both tonic and phasic SC responses, as well as crucial lapses in responding at nonpalmar sites. Across‐site correlations between participants and within participants were also examined. The present data show that, in the laboratory setting employing commonly used recording techniques and stimuli, the nonpalmar sites are generally less responsive than the fingers, and the wrist in particular is the lowest in responding, whereas the toes are most similar to the fingers in responding. Within‐participant correlations between the fingers and other sites were greatest for the plantar sites and least for the forehead.
Sequence stratigraphic framework for mixed aeolian, peritidal and marine environments: Insights from the Pennsylvanian subtropical record of Western Pangaea
Authors: Blanchard Sébastien , Fielding Christopher R. , Frank Tracy D. , Barrick James E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDue to difficulties in correlating aeolian deposits with coeval marine facies, sequence stratigraphic interpretations for arid coastal successions are debated and lack a unifying model. The Pennsylvanian record of northern Wyoming,USA, consisting of mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sequences deposited in arid, subtropical conditions, provides an ideal opportunity to study linkages between such environments. Detailed facies models and sequence stratigraphic frameworks were developed for the Ranchester Limestone Member (Amsden Formation) and Tensleep Formation by integrating data from 16 measured sections across the eastern side of the Bighorn Basin with new conodont biostratigraphic data. The basal Ranchester Limestone Member consists of dolomite interbedded with thin shale layers, interpreted to represent alternating deposition in shallow marine (fossiliferous dolomite) and supratidal (cherty dolomite) settings, interspersed with periods of exposure (pedogenically modified dolomites and shales). The upper Ranchester Limestone Member consists of purple shales, siltstones, dolomicrites and bimodally cross‐bedded sandstones in the northern part of the basin, interpreted as deposits of mixed siliciclastic–carbonate tidal flats. The Tensleep Formation is characterized by thick (3 to 15 m) aeolian sandstones interbedded with peritidal heteroliths and marine dolomites, indicating cycles of erg accumulation, preservation and flooding. Marine carbonates are unconformably overlain by peritidal deposits and/or aeolian sandstones interpreted as lowstand systems tract deposits. Marine transgression was often accompanied by the generation of sharp supersurfaces. Lags and peritidal heteroliths were deposited during early stages of transgression. Late transgressive systems tract fossiliferous carbonates overlie supersurfaces. Highstand systems tract deposits are lacking, either due to non‐deposition or post‐depositional erosion. The magnitude of inferred relative sea‐level fluctuations (>19 m), estimated by comparison with analogous modern settings, is similar to estimates from coeval palaeotropical records. This study demonstrates that sequence stratigraphic terminology can be extended to coastal ergs interacting with marine environments, and offers insights into the dynamics of subtropical environments.
Failure of primary atovaquone prophylaxis for prevention of toxoplasmosis in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Gajurel K. , Gomez C.A. , Dhakal R. , Vogel H. , Montoya J.G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe efficacy of primary prophylaxis with atovaquone in preventing Toxoplasma reactivation and disease in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients is unknown. We describe 2 cases of atovaquone prophylaxis failure in pre‐HCT Toxoplasma‐seropositive (pre‐HCTSP) recipients who underwent allogeneic HCT (allo‐HCT) and review the literature on atovaquone prophylaxis in HCT recipients.
Primary Epstein–Barr virus infection, seroconversion, and post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in seronegative renal allograft recipients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Hosseini‐Moghaddam S.M. , Alhomayeed B. , Soliman N. , Weir M.A. , House A.A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundEpstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐seronegative renal transplant recipients are at risk of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). We compared primary EBV infection, seroconversion, and PTLD in EBV‐seronegative patients who received renal allograft from seropositive or seronegative donors (D+/R− and D−/R−, respectively).MethodsWe prospectively followed 25 D+/R− and 8 D−/R− recipients. We followed patients from January 1999 to June 2009 with clinical visits, monthly EBV polymerase chain reaction tests, and serologic tests for a period of 1 year after kidney transplantation and on an individual basis thereafter.ResultsThree patients (9%) developed PTLD including 2 early‐onset (<12 months) and 1 late‐onset (>12 months) disease. In D+/R− and D−/R− patients, the frequencies of PTLD (8% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.7), EBV seroconversion (64% vs. 50%, P = 0.4), and EBV viremia (40% vs. 25%, P = 0.6) were not significantly different. Clinical, serologic, and virologic surveillance as well as reduction in immunosuppression after evidence of primary EBV infection resulted in a PTLD rate of 9%, despite a seroconversion rate of 60.6%. Rate of graft loss after reduction in immunosuppression was 10% (2 of 20), which was not significantly different from 13 patients without EBV seroconversion (no graft loss, P = 0.5). Rates of viremia, seroconversion, and PTLD in D+/R− and D−/R− patients appear to be similar.ConclusionsThe incidence of PTLD in renal transplants ranges from 0.5% to 2.9%. Our data show a significantly higher rate in EBV‐seronegative renal allograft recipients, suggesting the need for close surveillance. Our data also suggest that donors for EBV‐seronegative recipients may be accepted irrespective of positive or negative serostatus, with ongoing surveillance important in either circumstance.
Relating Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Effects to Reaction Mechanisms during Aerobic or Anaerobic Degradation of RDX (Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine) by Pure Bacterial Cultures
Authors: Fuller Mark E. , Heraty Linnea , Condee Charles W. , Vainberg Simon , Sturchio Neil C. , Böhlke J. K. , Hatzinger Paul B. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Kinetic isotopic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen during RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) biodegradation was investigated with pure bacterial cultures under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Relatively large bulk enrichments in
15
N were observed during biodegradation of RDX via anaerobic ring cleavage (ε
15
N = −12.7‰ ± 0.8‰) and anaerobic nitro reduction (ε
15
N = −9.9‰ ± 0.7‰), in comparison to smaller effects during biodegradation via aerobic denitration (ε
15
N = −2.4‰ ± 0.2‰).
13
C enrichment was negligible during aerobic RDX biodegradation (ε
13
C = −0.8‰ ± 0.5‰) but larger during anaerobic degradation (ε
13
C = −4.0‰ ± 0.8‰), with modest variability among genera. Dual-isotope ε
13
C/ε
15
N analyses indicated that the three biodegradation pathways could be distinguished isotopically from each other and from abiotic degradation mechanisms. Compared to the initial RDX bulk δ
15
N value of +9‰, δ
15
N values of the NO
2
−
released from RDX ranged from −7‰ to +2‰ during aerobic biodegradation and from −42‰ to −24‰ during anaerobic biodegradation. Numerical reaction models indicated that N isotope effects of NO
2
−
production were much larger than, but systematically related to, the bulk RDX N isotope effects with different bacteria. Apparent intrinsic ε
15
N-NO
2
−
values were consistent with an initial denitration pathway in the aerobic experiments and more complex processes of NO
2
−
formation associated with anaerobic ring cleavage. These results indicate the potential for isotopic analysis of residual RDX for the differentiation of degradation pathways and indicate that further efforts to examine the isotopic composition of potential RDX degradation products (e.g., NO
x
) in the environment are warranted.

IMPORTANCE
This work provides the first systematic evaluation of the isotopic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen in the organic explosive RDX during degradation by different pathways. It also provides data on the isotopic effects observed in the nitrite produced during RDX biodegradation. Both of these results could lead to better understanding of the fate of RDX in the environment and help improve monitoring and remediation technologies.
Differences in the Vulnerability of Waterbird Species to Botulism Outbreaks in Mediterranean Wetlands: an Assessment of Ecological and Physiological Factors
Authors: Anza I. , Vidal D. , Feliu J. , Crespo E. , Mateo R. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Avian botulism kills thousands of waterbirds every year, including endangered species, but information about the differences between species in vulnerability to botulism outbreaks and the capacity to act as carriers of
Clostridium botulinum
is still poorly known. Here, we estimated the vulnerability to botulism of 11 waterbird species from Mediterranean wetlands by comparing the number of affected birds with the census of individuals at risk. The capacity of different species to act as carriers was studied by detecting the presence of the
C. botulinum
type C/D botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) gene in fecal samples and prey items of waterbirds in the wild and by the serial sampling of cloacal swabs of birds affected by botulism. We found differences among species in their vulnerabilities to botulism, probably related to feeding habits, season of arrival, turnover, and, possibly, phylogenetic resilience. The globally endangered white-headed duck (
Oxyura leucocephala
) showed mortality rates in the studied outbreaks of 7% and 17% of the maximum census, which highlights botulism as a risk factor for the conservation of the species. Invasive water snails, such as
Physa acuta
, may be important drivers in botulism epidemiology, because 30% of samples tested positive for the BoNT gene during outbreaks. Finally, our results show that birds may excrete the pathogen for up to 7 days, and some individuals can do it for longer periods. Rails and ducks excreted
C. botulinum
more often and for longer times than gulls, which could be related to their digestive physiology (i.e., cecum development).

IMPORTANCE
Botulism is an important cause of mortality in waterbirds, including some endangered species. The global climate change may have consequences in the ecology of wetlands that favor the occurrence of botulism outbreaks. Here, we offer some information to understand the ecology of this disease that can be useful to cope with these global changes in the future. We have found that some species (i.e., coots and dabbling ducks) are more vulnerable to botulism and have a more relevant role in the onset and amplification of the outbreaks than other species (i.e., flamingos and grebes). Feeding habits can explain these differences in part; in addition to the well-known role of necrophagous fly maggots, we found here that water snails are frequent carriers of
Clostridium botulinum
. This is relevant, because these water snails can thrive in eutrophic and polluted wetlands, exacerbating other changes driven by climate change in wetlands.