bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The surgical plane for lingual tonsillectomy: An anatomic study
Authors: Son Eugene L. , Underbrink Michael P. , Qiu Suimin , Resto Vicente A. 
Published: April 2016

Background The presence of a plane between the lingual tonsils and the underlying soft tissue has not been confirmed. The objective of this study is to ascertain the presence and the characteristics about this plane for surgical use. Methods Five cadaver heads were obtained for dissection of the lingual tonsils. Six permanent sections of previous tongue base biopsies were reviewed. Robot assisted lingual tonsillectomy was performed using the dissection technique from the cadaver dissection. Results In each of the 5 cadavers, an avascular plane was revealed deep to the lingual tonsils. Microscopic review of the tongue base biopsies revealed a clear demarcation between the lingual tonsils and the underlying minor salivary glands and muscle tissue. This area was relatively avascular. Using the technique described above, a lingual tonsillectomy using TORS was performed with similar findings from the cadaver dissections. Conclusions A surgical plane for lingual tonsillectomy exists and may prove to have a role with lingual tonsillectomy with TORS.
Absolute Benefit of Adjuvant Endocrine Therapies for Premenopausal Women With Hormone Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Early Breast Cancer: TEXT and SOFT Trials
Authors: Regan Meredith M. , Francis Prudence A. , Pagani Olivia , Fleming Gini F. , Walley Barbara A. , Viale Giuseppe , Colleoni Marco , Láng István , Gómez Henry L. , Tondini Carlo , Pinotti Graziella , Price Karen N. , Coates Alan S. , Goldhirsch Aron , Gelber Richard D. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose Risk of recurrence is the primary consideration in breast cancer adjuvant therapy recommendations. The TEXT (Tamoxifen and Exemestane Trial) and SOFT (Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial) trials investigated adjuvant endocrine therapies for premenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer, testing exemestane plus ovarian function suppression (OFS), tamoxifen plus OFS, and tamoxifen alone. We examined absolute treatment effect across a continuum of recurrence risk to individualize endocrine therapy decision making for premenopausal women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –negative disease. Patients and Methods The TEXT and SOFT hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative analysis population included 4,891 women. The end point was breast cancer–free interval (BCFI), defined as time from random assignment to first occurrence of invasive locoregional, distant, or contralateral breast cancer. A continuous, composite measure of recurrence risk for each patient was determined from a Cox model incorporating age, nodal status, tumor size and grade, and estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Ki-67 expression levels. Subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot methodology revealed differential treatment effects on 5-year BCFI according to composite risk. Results SOFT patients who remained premenopausal after chemotherapy experienced absolute improvement of 5% or more in 5-year BCFI with exemestane plus OFS versus tamoxifen plus OFS or tamoxifen alone, reaching 10% to 15% at intermediate to high composite risk; the benefit of tamoxifen plus OFS versus tamoxifen alone was apparent at the highest composite risk. The SOFT no-chemotherapy cohort—for whom composite risk was lowest on average—did well with all endocrine therapies. For TEXT patients, the benefit of exemestane plus OFS versus tamoxifen plus OFS in 5-year BCFI ranged from 5% to 15%; patients not receiving chemotherapy and with lowest composite risk did well with both treatments. Conclusion Premenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative disease and high recurrence risk, as defined by clinicopathologic characteristics, may experience improvement of 10% to 15% in 5-year BCFI with exemestane plus OFS versus tamoxifen alone. An improvement of at least 5% may be achieved for women at intermediate risk, and improvement is minimal for those at lowest risk.
Phase I Study of LY2606368, a Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Hong David , Infante Jeffrey , Janku Filip , Jones Suzanne , Nguyen Ly M. , Burris Howard A. , Naing Aung , Bauer Todd M. , Piha-Paul Sarina , Johnson Faye M. , Kurzrock Razelle , Golden Lisa , Hynes Scott , Lin Ji , Lin Aimee Bence , Bendell Johanna 
Published: April 2016

Purpose The primary objective was to determine safety, toxicity, and a recommended phase II dose regimen of LY2606368, an inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1, as monotherapy. Patients and Methods This phase I, nonrandomized, open-label, dose-escalation trial used a 3 + 3 dose-escalation scheme and included patients with advanced solid tumors. Intravenous LY2606368 was dose escalated from 10 to 50 mg/m2 on schedule 1 (days 1 to 3 every 14 days) or from 40 to 130 mg/m2 on schedule 2 (day 1 every 14 days). Safety measures and pharmacokinetics were assessed, and pharmacodynamics were measured in blood, hair follicles, and circulating tumor cells. Results Forty-five patients were treated; seven experienced dose-limiting toxicities (all hematologic). The maximum-tolerated doses (MTDs) were 40 mg/m2 (schedule 1) and 105 mg/m2 (schedule 2). The most common related grade 3 or 4 treatment-emergent adverse events were neutropenia, leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and fatigue. Grade 4 neutropenia occurred in 73.3% of patients and was transient (typically < 5 days). Febrile neutropenia incidence was low (7%). The LY2606368 exposure over the first 72 hours (area under the curve from 0 to 72 hours) at the MTD for each schedule coincided with the exposure in mouse xenografts that resulted in maximal tumor responses. Minor intra- and intercycle accumulation of LY2606368 was observed at the MTDs for both schedules. Two patients (4.4%) had a partial response; one had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anus and one had SCC of the head and neck. Fifteen patients (33.3%) had a best overall response of stable disease (range, 1.2 to 6.7 months), six of whom had SCC. Conclusion An LY2606368 dose of 105 mg/m2 once every 14 days is being evaluated as the recommended phase II dose in dose-expansion cohorts for patients with SCC.
Afatinib Activity in Platinum-Refractory Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma in Patients With ERBB Alterations
Authors: Choudhury Noura J. , Campanile Alexa , Antic Tatjana , Yap Kai Lee , Fitzpatrick Carrie A. , Wade James L. , Karrison Theodore , Stadler Walter M. , Nakamura Yusuke , O’Donnell Peter H. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose Somatic mutations and copy number variation in the ERBB family are frequent in urothelial carcinoma (UC) and may represent viable therapeutic targets. We studied whether afatinib (an oral, irreversible inhibitor of the ErbB family) has activity in UC and if specific ERBB molecular alterations are associated with clinical response. Patients and Methods In this phase II trial, patients with metastatic platinum-refractory UC received afatinib 40 mg/day continuously until progression or intolerance. The primary end point was 3-month progression-free survival (PFS3). Prespecified tumor analysis for alterations in EGFR, HER2, ERBB3, and ERBB4 was conducted. Results The first-stage enrollment goal of 23 patients was met. Patient demographic data included: 78% male, median age 67 years (range, 36 to 82 years), hemoglobin < 10 g/dL in 17%, liver metastases in 30%, median time from prior chemotherapy of 3.6 months, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤ 1 in 100%. No unexpected toxicities were observed; two patients required dose reduction for grade 3 fatigue and rash. Overall, five of 23 patients (21.7%) met PFS3 (two partial response, three stable disease). Notably, among the 21 tumors analyzed, five of six patients (83.3%) with HER2 and/or ERBB3 alterations achieved PFS3 (PFS = 10.3, 7.0, 6.9, 6.3, and 5.0 months, respectively) versus none of 15 patients without alterations ( P < .001). Three of four patients with HER2 amplification and three of three patients with ERBB3 somatic mutations (G284R, V104M, and R103G) met PFS3. One patient with both HER2 amplification and ERBB3 mutation never progressed on therapy, but treatment was discontinued after 10.3 months as a result of depressed ejection fraction. The median time to progression/discontinuation was 6.6 months in patients with HER2/ERBB3 alterations versus 1.4 months in patients without alterations ( P < .001). Conclusion Afatinib demonstrated significant activity in patients with platinum-refractory UC with HER2 or ERBB3 alterations. The potential contribution of ERBB3 to afatinib sensitivity is novel. Afatinib deserves further investigation in molecularly selected UC.
Mapping growth-factor-modulated Akt signaling dynamics
Authors: Gross Sean M. , Rotwein Peter 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Growth factors alter cellular behavior through shared signaling cascades, raising the question of how specificity is achieved. Here, we have determined how growth factor actions are encoded into Akt signaling dynamics by real-time tracking of a fluorescent sensor. In individual cells, Akt activity was encoded in an analog pattern, with similar latencies (∼2 min) and half-maximal peak response times (range of 5–8 min). Yet, different growth factors promoted dose-dependent and heterogeneous changes in signaling dynamics. Insulin treatment caused sustained Akt activity, whereas EGF or PDGF-AA promoted transient signaling; PDGF-BB produced sustained responses at higher concentrations, but short-term effects at low doses, actions that were independent of the PDGF-α receptor. Transient responses to EGF were caused by negative feedback at the receptor level, as a second treatment yielded minimal responses, whereas parallel exposure to IGF-I caused full Akt activation. Small-molecule inhibitors reduced PDGF-BB signaling to transient responses, but only decreased the magnitude of IGF-I actions. Our observations reveal distinctions among growth factors that use shared components, and allow us to capture the consequences of receptor-specific regulatory mechanisms on Akt signaling.
ADVANCE OF AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM DEPENDING ON THE CHARACTER OF A REGIONAL TRANSPORT SPACE (NORTH-WESTERN MACROREGION EXAMPLE)
Authors: Рослякова Наталья , Roslyakova Natalya 
Published: April 2016

The article examines the main types of elements on which transport system can be organized. The author analyses how different elements which determines the nature of the transport system, the degree, the direction of influence on the regional economy.
On the example of the Northwestern Federal District the author identifies different types of transport system elements and examines their impact on the regional economy.
ECONOMETRIC MODELLING OF THE PASSENGER THROUGHPUT OF RUSSIAN CIVIL AVIATION
Authors: Горидько Нина , Goridko Nina , Соломина Татьяна , Solomina Tatyana 
Published: April 2016

The article is devoted to dynamics analysis and regression
modelling of the civil aviation passenger throughput. There has
been analyzed a relation between the passenger throughput and
two independent variables: average income per capita and cost of
economy class cabin flight per 1000 km. The authors drew substantial
conclusions on the character of the relation between the dependent
and explanatory variables, dynamics of air-passenger operations
as well as the factors affecting the passenger throughput
value. Based on constructed regression models a short-term forecast
of explanatory variables and passenger throughput value has
been made.
Perceptions of people living with Parkinson's disease: a qualitative study in Iran
Authors: Soleimani Mohammad Ali , Bastani Farideh , Negarandeh Reza , Greysen Ryan 
Published: April 2016

Aim: This study explores the primary concerns and perceptions of patients living with Parkinson's disease (PD). Method: This was an exploratory qualitative study. A purposive sample of 17 patients with PD who were attending a hospital outpatients' neurology clinic in Iran were recruited. Study data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using the conventional qualitative content analysis approach. Findings: We identified the ‘fear of becoming disabled’ as a primary concern in these patients. This concern affected the physical, emotional, mental, and social aspects of their lives. The ‘fear of becoming disabled’ fell into four categories, including progressive physical disability, mental alteration, decreasing social connectedness, and self-change. Conclusion: The study results showed that older adults with PD face a number of challenges in self-care. In addition, the ‘fear of becoming disabled’ was the main concern of patients with PD, particularly in late stages of the disease.
The spherical nucleic acids mRNA detection paradox
Authors: Mason David , Carolan Gemma , Held Marie , Comenge Joan , Cowman Sophie , Lévy Raphaël 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
From the 1950s onwards, our understanding of the formation and intracellular trafficking of membrane vesicles was informed by experiments in which cells were exposed to gold nanoparticles and their uptake and localisation, studied by electron microscopy. In the last decade, building on progress in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their controlled functionalisation with a large variety of biomolecules (DNA, peptides, polysaccharides), new applications have been proposed, including the imaging and sensing of intracellular events. Yet, as already demonstrated in the 1950s, uptake of nanoparticles results in confinement within an intracellular vesicle which in principle should preclude sensing of cytosolic events. To study this apparent paradox, we focus on a commercially available nanoparticle probe that detects mRNA through the release of a fluorescently-labelled oligonucleotide (unquenching the fluorescence) in the presence of the target mRNA. Using electron, fluorescence and photothermal microscopy, we show that the probes remain in endocytic compartments and that they do not report on mRNA level. We suggest that the validation of any nanoparticle-based probes for intracellular sensing should include a quantitative and thorough demonstration that the probes can reach the cytosolic compartment.
Normal Pregnancy and Birth Despite Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm: Another Case for the Record
Authors: Chen Xiangjuan , Yang Weiyu , Zhang Wenmiao , Zhu Haiyan 
Published: April 2016

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare cardiac abnormality. Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms in pregnancy are of course rarer still. We present a case in which an aneurysm ruptured into the right ventricular outflow tract during pregnancy.
In 2012, a 26-year-old Chinese woman, in the 18th week of pregnancy and with no apparent evidence of cardiac problems, was diagnosed with atrioventricular septal defects and a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm that had ruptured into her right ventricular outflow tract. After an uncomplicated full-term pregnancy, she gave birth to a healthy baby boy by cesarean section. Fifty days postpartum, the patient underwent surgical repair of the ruptured aneurysm and other cardiac defects. Her surgical outcome was good. As of May 2013, the patient and her baby were healthy.
Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm in pregnancy can be asymptomatic, and women with such a rupture can have a normal full-term pregnancy and give birth to healthy babies. Cesarean section is preferable for pregnant women with ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm because the hemodynamic changes associated with labor can aggravate the aneurysm. Surgical repair should be performed as soon as the patient's condition allows.
Stepwise Progression of Right-to-Left Atrial Shunting through a Combination of Patent Foramen Ovale and Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Kransdorf Evan P. , Kransdorf Lisa N. , Fortuin F. David , Sweeney John P. , Wilansky Susan 
Published: April 2016

Patent foramen ovale is a common clinical finding that generally becomes a concern in the presence of transient ischemic attack or stroke. Rarely, patent foramen ovale is associated with hypoxemia in the presence of substantial right-to-left atrial shunting.
We present the case of an 86-year-old woman with a pacemaker, who was initially asymptomatic notwithstanding a patent foramen ovale. Over 1.5 years, her symptoms progressed in a stepwise fashion, in the setting of progressive pacemaker-associated tricuspid regurgitation. Ultimately, the patient's symptoms and her hypoxemia resolved after percutaneous closure of her patent foramen ovale with use of a 25-mm “Cribriform” occluder device.
This case highlights the fact that clinically significant right-to-left shunting requires an anatomic lesion, such as patent foramen ovale, together with elevated right atrial pressure, which in this case was contributed by severe tricuspid regurgitation.
Getting to a Man's Heart through His Colon
Authors: Samsky Marc D. , DeVore Adam D. , Durkin Michael , Stout Jason E. , Velazquez Eric J. , Milano Carmelo A. 
Published: April 2016

A 69-year-old man presented with a progressively enlarging pulsatile mass in the left side of his chest. Because of a history of an ischemic cardiomyopathy, he had been randomized in 2003 to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting with a Dor procedure, as part of the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial.
Our patient's imaging studies, including a thoracic computed tomogram and transthoracic echocardiogram, were now of concern for left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. He was taken immediately for surgical exploration. Purulent material, with empyema, extended from the anterior chest wall through the chest cavity into the mediastinum, with communication into the pericardial space. Notably, there was no compromise of the left ventricular cavity, and there was no pseudoaneurysm. The chest was copiously irrigated before closure. The epicardial patch placed 10 years earlier in the STICH trial was not thought to be the nidus of the abscess and was therefore not removed.
Three months later, the patient presented again, this time with hemorrhagic shock and bleeding from his left anterior thoracotomy site, which we then re-entered. He was found to have a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm with disruption of the ventricular apex. The epicardial felt-and-Dacron patch, placed 10 years previously during his Dor procedure, was found to be infected with Clostridium difficile and was removed. The left ventricular apex was repaired.
Whereas C. difficile bacteremia is rare, the seeding of prosthetic cardiac material with delayed presentation, as in this case, is extraordinarily uncommon.
Left Brachiocephalic Vein Cannulation in Bicaval Venous Drainage Is Safe, Effective, and Technically Advantageous
Authors: Aazami Mathias Hossain , Gholoobi Arash , Amini Shahram , Abdollahi-Moghadam Alireza , Soltani Ghassem 
Published: April 2016

Direct cannulation of both venae cavae (bicaval venous cannulation) is the gold standard for right atrial isolation in intracavitary surgery, but there has been no consensus about an alternative site. Therefore, we studied an alternative method for bicaval venous drainage in which the left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV) is cannulated instead of the superior vena cava.
From 2012 through 2014, we performed routine LBCV cannulation in 150 consecutive patients as part of bicaval venous drainage before right atrial isolation. We prospectively collected demographic information, operative data, total pump and LBCV cannula flows with their respective calculated and indexed rates, central venous pressures, and perioperative complications.
All patients survived surgery. There were no adverse technical outcomes or functional deficits associated with the technique. The mean indexed LBCV cannula flow was 1,520 ± 216 mL/min/m2, representing an LBCV cannula-to-calculated pump-flow ratio of 64%. The mean central venous pressure during right atrial isolation was 3.7 ± 1.9 mmHg.
Cannulation of the LBCV is intrinsically a safe and reproducible procedure with proven hemodynamic adequacy. Its versatility can be an asset to surgical techniques and perfusion methods. Furthermore, the hemodynamic results in our series promise alternative intrathoracic and extracardiac cannulation sites for mini-extracorporeal circulation, on-pump beating-heart procedures, and short-term circulatory assist device implementation.
Biodegradable-Polymer Biolimus-Eluting Stents versus Durable-Polymer Everolimus-Eluting Stents at One-Year Follow-Up: A Registry-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Parsa Ehsan , Saroukhani Sepideh , Majlessi Fereshteh , Poorhosseini Hamidreza , Lofti-Tokaldany Masoumeh , Jalali Arash , Salarifar Mojtaba , Nematipour Ebrahim , Alidoosti Mohammad , Aghajani Hassan , Amirzadegan Alireza , Kassaian Seyed Ebrahim 
Published: April 2016

We compared outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention patients who received biodegradable-polymer biolimus-eluting stents with those who received durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stents.
At Tehran Heart Center, we performed a retrospective analysis of the data from January 2007 through December 2011 on 3,270 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with the biodegradable-polymer biolimus-eluting stent or the durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stent. We excluded patients with histories of coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention, acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, or the implantation of 2 different stent types. Patients were monitored for 12 months. The primary endpoint was a major adverse cardiac event, defined as a composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and target-vessel and target-lesion revascularization.
Durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stents were implanted in 2,648 (81%) and biodegradable-polymer biolimus-eluting stents in 622 (19%) of the study population. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups (2.7% vs 2.7%; P=0.984) in the incidence of major adverse cardiac events. The cumulative adjusted probability of major adverse cardiac events in the biodegradable-polymer biolimus-eluting stent group did not differ from that of such events in the durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stent group (hazard ratio=0.768; 95% confidence interval, 0.421–1.44; P=0.388).
We conclude that in our patients the biodegradable-polymer biolimus-eluting stent was as effective and safe, during the 12-month follow-up period, as was the durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stent.