bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Franklin Delano Roosevelt: The Diagnosis of Poliomyelitis Revisited
Authors: Ditunno John F. , Becker Bruce E. , Herbison Gerald J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRevisiting the ailments of famous historical persons in light of contemporary medical understanding has become a common academic hobby. Public discussion of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's (FDR) diagnosis of poliomyelitis after his sudden onset of paralysis in 1921 has received just such a revisitation. Recently, this 2003 historical analysis has been referenced widely on the Internet and in biographies, raising speculation that his actual diagnosis should have been Guillain‐Barré Syndrome, a noncontagious disease of the peripheral nervous system rather than poliomyelitis. The authors of that 2003 analysis used a statistical analysis of his case by selectively choosing some of his reported symptoms. FDR's diagnosis of poliomyelitis, however, was fully supported by the findings of leading expert physicians of that time, who were very knowledgeable in the then‐common disease and who periodically examined him during the period of 1921‐1924. The most significant diagnostic features of polio are the absence of objective sensory findings in the presence of flaccid motor paralysis. These features are consistent with diagnostic criteria extant during the periods of major poliomyelitis epidemics as well as those of the Center for Disease Control 90 years later. Additional findings of fever, prodromal hyperesthesia, more severe residual proximal muscle weakness, and extensive lower extremity impairment requiring mobility with long leg braces or a wheelchair give further evidence for the diagnosis in FDR's case. Nonbulbar Guillain‐Barré Syndrome, which shares the features of a flaccid paralysis and thus mimicking the initial presentation of poliomyelitis, has more than an 80% complete recovery with no reported cases of eventual wheelchair use. The most severe cases of Guillain‐Barré Syndrome often have persistent objective sensory loss, associated with greater weakness in the feet and hands, which show no resemblance to FDR's impairment and disability. In light of the expert initial assessments by physicians completely familiar with the signs and symptoms of the then‐common disease, review of his initial and subsequent disease course, and residual symptoms in comparison with those of Guillain‐Barré syndrome, we find no reason to question the diagnostic accuracy of poliomyelitis and wish to put this debate to rest.
Vocabulary size and auditory word recognition in preschool children
Authors: LAW FRANZO , MAHR TRISTAN , SCHNEEBERG ALISSA , EDWARDS JAN 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTRecognizing familiar words quickly and accurately facilitates learning new words, as well as other aspects of language acquisition. This study used the visual world paradigm with semantic and phonological competitors to study lexical processing efficiency in 2- to 5-year-old children. Experiment 1 found this paradigm was sensitive to vocabulary-size differences. Experiment 2 included a more diverse group of children who were tested in their native dialect (either African American English or mainstream American English). No effect of stimulus dialect was observed. The results showed that vocabulary size was a better predictor of eye gaze patterns than was maternal education, but that maternal education level had a moderating effect; as maternal education level increased, vocabulary size was less predictive of lexical processing efficiency.
‘The Basilica after the Primitive Christians’: Liturgy, Architecture and Anglican Identity in the Building of the Fifty New Churches
Authors: Moody Christopher 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe London churches built by Nicholas Hawksmoor – the architect required by the Commission for the Fifty New Churches to provide a template for the new churches according to the principles laid down in 1712 – are often regarded as the idiosyncratic creations of the architect’s individual genius. They were, however, as much the creation of the particular intellectual, theological and political context of the late Stuart period, an expression of a high church attempt to reconnect the Church of England with the early centuries of the Christian Church, particularly the great basilicas built under Constantine and Justinian. Conservative in intent, they were at the same time fed by the new spirit of intellectual enquiry led by the Royal Society and the expansion of global trade at the start of the eighteenth century. These express a new Anglican denominational identity as the inheritor of the ‘purest’ traditions of the ‘primitive’ church, ancient yet modern, orthodox and, at the same time, reformed: one that still influences discussion across the Communion today.
Low temperature plasma enhanced CVD epitaxial growth of silicon on GaAs: a new paradigm for III-V/Si integration
Authors: Cariou Romain , Chen Wanghua , Maurice Jean-Luc , Yu Jingwen , Patriarche Gilles , Mauguin Olivia , Largeau Ludovic , Decobert Jean , Roca i Cabarrocas Pere 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe integration of III-V semiconductors with silicon is a key issue for photonics, microelectronics and photovoltaics. With the standard approach, namely the epitaxial growth of III-V on silicon, thick and complex buffer layers are required to limit the crystalline defects caused by the interface polarity issues, the thermal expansion and lattice mismatches. To overcome these problems, we have developed a reverse and innovative approach to combine III-V and silicon: the straightforward epitaxial growth of silicon on GaAs at low temperature by plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD). Indeed we show that both GaAs surface cleaning by SiF4 plasma and subsequent epitaxial growth from SiH4/H2 precursors can be achieved at 175 °C. The GaAs native oxide etching is monitored with in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and Raman spectroscopy is used to assess the epitaxial silicon quality. We found that SiH4 dilution in hydrogen during deposition controls the layer structure: the epitaxial growth happens for deposition conditions at the transition between the microcrystalline and amorphous growth regimes. SIMS and STEM-HAADF bring evidences for the interface chemical sharpness. Together, TEM and XRD analysis demonstrate that PECVD enables the growth of high quality relaxed single crystal silicon on GaAs.
Association of polymorphisms at the microRNA binding site of the caprine KITLG 3′-UTR with litter size
Authors: An Xiaopeng , Song Yuxuan , Bu Shuhai , Ma Haidong , Gao Kexin , Hou Jinxing , Wang Shan , Lei Zhang , Cao Binyun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study identified three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (c.1389C > T, c.1457A > C and c.1520G > A) in the caprine KITLG 3′-UTR through DNA sequencing. The three SNP loci were closely linked in Guanzhong dairy (GD) goats. Two alleles of the c.1457A > C SNP introduced two miRNA sites (chi-miR-204-5p and chi-miR-211). Individuals with combined genotype TT-CC-AA had a higher litter size compared with those with combined genotypes CC-AA-GG, TC-CC-GA and CC-AC-GG (P < 0.05). Luciferase assays showed that chi-miR-204-5p and chi-miR-211 suppressed luciferase expression in the presence of allele 1457A compared with negative control (NC) and allele 1457C (P < 0.05). Western blot revealed that KITLG significantly decreased in the granulosa cells (GCs) of genotype AA compared with that in the GCs of genotype CC and NC (P < 0.05). The KITLG mRNA levels of the CC-AA-GG carriers significantly decreased compared with those of the TT-CC-AA, TC-CC-GA and CC-AC-GG carriers. In addition, cell proliferation was reduced in haplotype C-A-G GCs compared with that in haplotype T-C-A GCs. These results suggest that SNPs c.1389C > T, c.1457A > C and c.1520G > A account for differences in the litter size of GD goats because chi-miR-204-5p and chi-miR-211 could change the expression levels of the KITLG gene and reduce GC proliferation.
Bacterial fermentation platform for producing artificial aromatic amines
Authors: Masuo Shunsuke , Zhou Shengmin , Kaneko Tatsuo , Takaya Naoki 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAromatic amines containing an aminobenzene or an aniline moiety comprise versatile natural and artificial compounds including bioactive molecules and resources for advanced materials. However, a bio-production platform has not been implemented. Here we constructed a bacterial platform for para-substituted aminobenzene relatives of aromatic amines via enzymes in an alternate shikimate pathway predicted in a Pseudomonad bacterium. Optimization of the metabolic pathway in Escherichia coli cells converted biomass glucose to 4-aminophenylalanine with high efficiency (4.4 g L−1 in fed-batch cultivation). We designed and produced artificial pathways that mimicked the fungal Ehrlich pathway in E. coli and converted 4-aminophenylalanine into 4-aminophenylethanol and 4-aminophenylacetate at 90% molar yields. Combining these conversion systems or fungal phenylalanine decarboxylases, the 4-aminophenylalanine-producing platform fermented glucose to 4-aminophenylethanol, 4-aminophenylacetate and 4-phenylethylamine. This original bacterial platform for producing artificial aromatic amines highlights their potential as heteroatoms containing bio-based materials that can replace those derived from petroleum.
Highly Conductive In-SnO2/RGO Nano-Heterostructures with Improved Lithium-Ion Battery Performance
Authors: Liu Ying , Palmieri Alessandro , He Junkai , Meng Yongtao , Beauregard Nicole , Suib Steven L. , Mustain William E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe increasing demand of emerging technologies for high energy density electrochemical storage has led many researchers to look for alternative anode materials to graphite. The most promising conversion and alloying materials do not yet possess acceptable cycle life or rate capability. In this work, we use tin oxide, SnO2, as a representative anode material to explore the influence of graphene incorporation and In-doping to increase the electronic conductivity and concomitantly improve capacity retention and cycle life. It was found that the incorporation of In into SnO2 reduces the charge transfer resistance during cycling, prolonging life. It is also hypothesized that the increased conductivity allows the tin oxide conversion and alloying reactions to both be reversible, leading to very high capacity near 1200 mAh/g. Finally, the electrodes show excellent rate capability with a capacity of over 200 mAh/g at 10C.
The conserved protein Dre2 uses essential [2Fe–2S] and [4Fe–4S] clusters for its function in cytosolic iron–sulfur protein assembly
Authors: Netz Daili J.A. , Genau Heide M. , Weiler Benjamin D. , Bill Eckhard , Pierik Antonio J. , Lill Roland 
Published: May 2016

The cytosolic iron–sulfur (Fe–S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery comprises 11 essential components and matures Fe–S proteins involved in translation and genome maintenance. Maturation is initiated by the electron transfer chain NADPH–diflavin reductase Tah18–Fe–S protein Dre2 that facilitates the de novo assembly of a [4Fe–4S] cluster on the scaffold complex Cfd1-Nbp35. Tah18-Dre2 also play a critical role in the assembly of the diferric tyrosyl radical cofactor of ribonucleotide reductase. Dre2 contains eight conserved cysteine residues as potential co-ordinating ligands for Fe–S clusters but their functional importance and the type of bound clusters is unclear. In the present study, we use a combination of mutagenesis, cell biological and biochemical as well as UV–visible, EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopic approaches to show that the yeast Dre2 cysteine residues Cys252, Cys263, Cys266 and Cys268 (motif I) bind a [2Fe–2S] cluster, whereas cysteine residues Cys311, Cys314, Cys322 and Cys325 (motif II) co-ordinate a [4Fe–4S] cluster. All of these residues with the exception of Cys252 are essential for cell viability, cytosolic Fe–S protein activity and in vivo55Fe–S cluster incorporation. The N-terminal methyltransferase-like domain of Dre2 is important for proper Fe–S cluster assembly at motifs I and II, which occurs in an interdependent fashion. Our findings further resolve why recombinant Dre2 from Arabidopsis, Trypanosoma or humans has previously been isolated with a single [2Fe–2S] instead of native [2Fe–2S] plus [4Fe–4S] clusters. In the presence of oxygen, the motif I-bound [2Fe–2S] cluster is labile and the motif II-bound [4Fe–4S] cluster is readily converted into a [2Fe–2S] cluster.
Probing the early chemical evolution of the Sculptor dSph with purely old stellar tracers
Authors: Martínez-Vázquez C. E. , Monelli M. , Gallart C. , Bono G. , Bernard E. J. , Stetson P. B. , Ferraro I. , Walker A. R. , Dall'Ora M. , Fiorentino G. , Iannicola G. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We present the metallicity distribution of a sample of 471 RR Lyrae (RRL) stars in the Sculptor dSph, obtained from the I-band period–luminosity relation. It is the first time that the early chemical evolution of a dwarf galaxy is characterized in such a detailed and quantitative way, using photometric data alone. We find a broad metallicity distribution (full width at half-maximum equals to 0.8 dex) that is peaked at [Fe/H] ≃ −1.90 dex, in excellent agreement with literature values obtained from spectroscopic data. Moreover, we are able to directly trace the metallicity gradient out to a radius of ∼55 arcmin. We find that in the outer regions (r &gt; ∼32 arcmin) the slope of the metallicity gradient from the RRLs (−0.025 dex arcmin−1) is comparable to the literature values based on red giant (RG) stars. However, in the central part of Sculptor, we do not observe the latter gradients. This suggests that there is a more metal-rich and/or younger population in Sculptor that does not produce RRLs. This scenario is strengthened by the observation of a metal-rich peak in the metallicity distribution of RG stars by other authors, which is not present in the metallicity distribution of the RRLs within the same central area.
Management of primary thalamic low-grade glioma in pediatric patients: results of the multicenter treatment studies HIT-LGG 1996 and SIOP-LGG 2004
Authors: Boesten Tineke , Gerber Nicolas U. , Kandels Daniela , Azizi Amedeo A. , Schmidt Rene , Warmuth-Metz Monika , Pietsch Torsten , Kortmann Rolf-Dieter , Gnekow Astrid , Grotzer Michael A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThalamic low-grade glioma (LGG) poses a special therapeutic challenge, as complete resection is often not possible. To determine the survival outcomes of mono- and bithalamic LGG, we analyzed a large cohort of pediatric patients.MethodsFrom 1996 until 2012, 2618 patients were registered in the HIT-LGG 1996 and the SIOP-LGG 2004 studies. A total of 102 of these 2618 patients (3.9%) were diagnosed with a thalamic LGG with a median age at diagnosis of 8.0 years (range, 0.4–17.5 years); 87 patients (85%) had monothalamic and 15 patients (15%) had bithalamic LGG.ResultsNinety patients received at least one surgical procedure. Thirty-one patients received radiotherapy and 24 patients received chemotherapy as a first-line, nonsurgical treatment indicated by radiological tumor progression or severe/progressive clinical symptoms. Patients with monothalamic tumors showed a 10-year overall survival (OS) rate of 91%, whereas patients with bithalamic tumors only reached 65% (P = .001). Bithalamic tumors more frequently showed diffuse histology than monothalamic tumors. Patients with diffuse astrocytoma had a lower 10-year OS (68%) than those with pilocytic astrocytoma (93%). The 10-year progression-free survival rate after the start of first nonsurgical treatment was 53% in the radiotherapy group and 34% in the chemotherapy group.ConclusionsThalamic glioma was manageable using a strategy that included surgery, observation, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy. Radiotherapy could be successfully deferred or obviated in a number of patients. Survival was high in among patients with monothalamic tumors. The worse prognosis associated with bithalamic tumors correlates with the higher rate of diffuse histology in this subgroup, precluding total or near-total resection.
Re-emergence of Tobacco streak virus Infecting Soybean in the United States and Canada
Authors: Irizarry Melissa D. , Groves Carol L. , Elmore Manjula G. , Bradley Carl A. , Dasgupta Ranjit , German Thomas L. , Jardine Douglas J. , Rojas Erika Saalau , Smith Damon L. , Tenuta Albert U. , Whitham Steven A. , Mueller Daren S. 
Published: May 2016

Tobacco streak virus (TSV) has an extensive plant host range, but until recently has not been a common problem in North American soybean. TSV is associated with bud blight and yield loss due to reduced plant height and density, and delayed seed development and plant maturity. TSV has been reported in recent years in Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, and Wisconsin, as well as Ontario, Canada. Presence of the virus was confirmed by ELISA. In an Iowa field with high incidence, regression analysis indicated a significant positive relationship between incidence and seed moisture. TSV is seed and pollen transmitted, as well as being spread by thrips. Increasingly variable weather creating favorable conditions for thrips may be facilitating the rise of TSV. The combination of increased incidence of TSV with associated potential for yield loss and few known management methods brings attention to the need for further research. Accepted for publication 14 April 2016. Published 26 April 2016.
Characterization of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) Feeding and Oviposition Injury on Celery Seedlings
Authors: Joseph Shimat V. , Ahedo Ramon , de la Fuente Maria 
Published: May 2016

The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae), can be a serious pest of celery, Apium graveolens dulce (Mill.) Pers. in the Central Coast region of California. Little is known about injury symptoms caused by L. hesperus adults on celery. When celery seedlings were exposed to L. hesperus adults, their crown area was found destroyed with necrotic dead tissue. Destroyed crowns of dead seedlings were observed when seedlings were exposed to five or more L. hesperus adults for ≥24 h but was not observed on seedlings exposed ≤12 h. In addition, elongated lesions were noticed on the celery petiole and were significantly greater when exposed to five or more L. hesperus adults for as little as 4 h. Number of elongated lesion injuries and number of eggs recovered from elongated lesions was correlated (r = 0.66; P < 0.001). Data provide key diagnostic symptoms of L. hesperus feeding and ovipositional injury on celery seedlings. Also, this study expands our understandings on the effects of L. hesperus adult density and duration of exposure which reinforces the need for regular scouting, and immediate management decisions and action to reduce losses from L. hesperus injury in both celery seedlings and mature plants in greenhouse and field settings, respectively Accepted for publication 27 April 2016. Published 4 May 2016.
Chromatin variation associated with liver metabolism is mediated by transposable elements
Authors: Du Juan , Leung Amy , Trac Candi , Parks Brian W. , Lusis Aldons J. , Natarajan Rama , Schones Dustin E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundFunctional regulatory regions in eukaryotic genomes are characterized by the disruption of nucleosomes leading to accessible chromatin. The modulation of chromatin accessibility is one of the key mediators of transcriptional regulation and variation in chromatin accessibility across individuals has been liked to complex traits and disease susceptibility. While mechanisms responsible for chromatin variation across individuals have been investigated, the overwhelming majority of chromatin variation remains unexplained. Furthermore, the processes through which the variation of chromatin accessibility contributes to phenotypic diversity remain poorly understood.ResultsWe profiled chromatin accessibility in liver from seven strains of mice with phenotypic diversity in response to a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet and identified reproducible chromatin variation across the genome. We found that sites of variable chromatin accessibility were more likely to coincide with particular classes of transposable elements (TEs) than sites with common chromatin features. Evolutionarily younger long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) are particularly enriched for variable chromatin sites. These younger LINEs are enriched for binding sites of immune-associated transcription factors, whereas older LINEs are enriched for liver-specific transcription factors. Genomic region enrichment analysis indicates that variable chromatin sites at TEs contribute to liver metabolic pathways. Finally, we show that polymorphism of TEs and differential DNA methylation at TEs can both contribute to chromatin variation.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate specific classes of TEs contribute to chromatin accessibility variation across strains of mice that display phenotypic diversity in response to a HF/HS diet. These results indicate that regulatory variation at TEs is an important contributor to phenotypic variation among populations.
Human rights, accounting, and the dialectic of equality and inequality
Authors: Li Yingru , McKernan John 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The United Nations Guiding Principles locate human rights at the centre of the corporate social responsibility agenda and provide a substantial platform for the development of business and human rights policy and practice. The initiative gives opportunity and focus for the rethinking and reconfiguration of corporate accountability for human rights. It also presents a threat: the danger, as we see it, is that the Guiding Principles are interpreted and implemented in an uncritical way, on a “humanitarian” model of imposed expertise. The critical and radical democratic communities have tended to be, perhaps rightly, suspicious of rights talk and sceptical of any suggestion that rights and the discourse of human rights can play a progressive role. The purpose of this paper is to explore these issues from a radical perspective.Design/methodology/approach– This paper uses insights taken from Jacques Rancière’s work to argue that there is vital critical potential in human rights. There is an obvious negativity to Rancière’s thought insofar as it conceives of the political as a challenge to the existing social order. The positive dimension to his work, which has its origins in his commitment to and tireless affirmation of the fact of equality, is equally important, if perhaps less obvious. Together the negative and positive moments provide a dynamic conception of human rights and a dialectical view of the relation between human rights and the social order, which enables us to overcome much of the criticism levelled at human rights by certain theorists.Findings– Rancière’s conception of the political puts human rights inscriptions, and the traces of equality they carry, at the heart of progressive politics. The authors close the paper with a discussion of the role that accounting for human rights can play in such a democratic politics, and by urging, on that basis, the critical accounting community to cautiously embrace the opportunity presented by the Guiding Principles.Originality/value– This paper has some novelty in its application of Rancière’s thinking on political theory to the problems of critical accounting and in particular the critical potential of accounting and human rights. The paper makes a theoretical contribution to a critical understanding of the relationship between accounting, human rights, and democracy.