bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1O2‐Mediated Selective Oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐diformylfuran by Ag/Ag3PO4 under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Zhu Rui , Li Xinglong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) through photocatalytic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an attractive approach. In this manuscript, a photocatalytic selective oxidation strategy for HMF was developed, using Ag/Ag3PO4 as the photocatalyst and O2 as the oxidizing agent. The prepared catalyst was characterized systematically by SEM, XRD, XPS, UV‐Vis, PL spectra, and so on. In contrast to previous photocatalytic oxidation strategies for HMF conversion, this catalytic system could efficiently generate 1O2 without other reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible light irradiation. DFF would be obtained with about 90 % selectivity. Moreover, the exclusive formation of 1O2 was linked to the more positive conduction band potential (+0.90 eV) of Ag/Ag3PO4, confirmed by an array of characterization techniques. Additionally, the stability of the catalyst was assessed through cyclic testing and analyses including XRD, and XPS. Nonetheless, this catalytic system could potentially serve as a robust platform for various selective oxidation reactions in the future, due to its exclusive presence of 1O2 without the involvement of other ROS.
A Facile Preparation of Tetrasubstituted Arylalkenes Catalyzed by p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid Monohydrate (p‐TsOH⋅H2O): Application in the Synthesis of the Intermediate of Tamoxifen
Authors: Sutani Tomohiro , Kimura Nagisa , Nakata Kenya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of tetrasubstituted arylalkenes was readily achieved by the reaction of α‐(tert‐butyl)benzylic alcohols using p‐toluenensulfonic acid monohydrate as a Brønsted acid. A broad range of substrates was applicable for the reaction in good yield with high regioselectivity. The key intermediate in the synthesis of tamoxifen was produced using the present method as an example, and a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed by examining the reaction intermediates.
A Novel 4‐Fluorophenyl Isocyanate Additive Constructing Solid Cathodes‐Electrolyte Interface for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Jinfeng , Qiu Yu , Liao Shengnan , Yue Zhihao , Fang Shan , Zhou Naigen , Li Yong , Jiang Yinzhu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBuilding a stable cathode‐electrolyte interface (CEI) is crucial for achieving high‐performance layered metal oxide cathode materials LiNixCoyMn1‐x‐yO2 (NCM). In this work, a novel 4‐fluorobenzene isocyanate (4‐FBC) electrolyte additive that contains isocyanate and benzene ring functional groups is proposed, which can form robust and homogeneous N‐rich and benzene ring skeleton CEI film on the cathode surface, leading to significant improvement in the electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion batteries. Taking LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) as an example, the NCM523/SiO@Graphite pouch full cells with electrolytes containing a mass fraction of 1% 4‐FBC additives demonstrate improved capacity retention after 200 cycles, retaining capacity retention rates of 81.3%, which is much higher than that of 39.1% without additive. The improvement can be ascribed to the mitigation of electrolyte decomposition and inhibition of transition metal ions the dissolution from the cathode material due to the stable CEI film. Moreover, the electrochemical performance enhancement can also be achieved in high voltage and Ni‐rich cathode materials, indicating the universality and effectiveness of this strategy for the practical applications of high energy density lithium‐ion batteries.
Electroactive Nanomaterials for the Prevention and Treatment of Heart Failure: From Materials and Mechanisms to Applications
Authors: Kong Chunyan , Guo Zhen , Teng Teng , Yao Qi , Yu Jiabin , Wang Mingyu , Ma Yulan , Wang Pan , Tang Qizhu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHeart failure (HF) represents a cardiovascular disease that significantly threatens global well‐being and quality of life. Electroactive nanomaterials, characterized by their distinctive physical and chemical properties, emerge as promising candidates for HF prevention and management. This review comprehensively examines electroactive nanomaterials and their applications in HF intervention. It presents the definition, classification, and intrinsic characteristics of conductive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric nanomaterials, emphasizing their mechanical robustness, electrical conductivity, and piezoelectric coefficients. The review elucidates their applications and mechanisms: 1) early detection and diagnosis, employing nanomaterial‐based sensors for real‐time cardiac health monitoring; 2) cardiac tissue repair and regeneration, providing mechanical, chemical, and electrical stimuli for tissue restoration; 3) localized administration of bioactive biomolecules, genes, or pharmacotherapeutic agents, using nanomaterials as advanced drug delivery systems; and 4) electrical stimulation therapies, leveraging their properties for innovative pacemaker and neurostimulation technologies. Challenges in clinical translation, such as biocompatibility, stability, and scalability, are discussed, along with future prospects and potential innovations, including multifunctional and stimuli‐responsive nanomaterials for precise HF therapies. This review encapsulates current research and future directions concerning the use of electroactive nanomaterials in HF prevention and management, highlighting their potential to innovating in cardiovascular medicine.
LLMs for science: Usage for code generation and data analysis
Authors: Nejjar Mohamed , Zacharias Luca , Stiehle Fabian , Weber Ingo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) have been touted to enable increased productivity in many areas of today's work life. Scientific research as an area of work is no exception: The potential of LLM‐based tools to assist in the daily work of scientists has become a highly discussed topic across disciplines. However, we are only at the very onset of this subject of study. It is still unclear how the potential of LLMs will materialize in research practice. With this study, we give first empirical evidence on the use of LLMs in the research process. We have investigated a set of use cases for LLM‐based tools in scientific research and conducted a first study to assess to which degree current tools are helpful. In this position paper, we report specifically on use cases related to software engineering, specifically, on generating application code and developing scripts for data analytics and visualization. While we studied seemingly simple use cases, results across tools differ significantly. Our results highlight the promise of LLM‐based tools in general, yet we also observe various issues, particularly regarding the integrity of the output these tools provide.
An Encryption Algorithm Based on Public‐Key Cryptosystems for Vector Map
Authors: Tan Tao , Zhang Liming , Liu Shuaikang , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAs the foundation of information security, encryption technology employs encryption algorithms and keys to transform the vector map into an unrecognizable ciphertext state. Existing encryption algorithms for vector maps rely on symmetric encryption, which poses risks in key management and distribution. Secondly, most existing vector map encryption algorithms cannot encrypt point data. To address these issues, we designed a lossless asymmetric, encryption algorithm for vector maps based on the RSA public key system. Firstly, the integer part of the coordinate value in the vector map is dynamically selected to improve encryption efficiency, and RSA is used to perform asymmetric encryption on this part. Secondly, to achieve the encryption effect of one map and one ciphertext, the information from the vector map itself is used to generate the key for a two‐dimensional chaotic system through the SHA‐512 hash algorithm. Subsequently, a random sequence is generated through the iterative process of the chaotic system to scramble and reorganize the X and Y coordinates of the vector map. The experimental results demonstrate that the asymmetric encryption algorithm is applicable to all types of vector map data and can achieve lossless encryption and decryption. In addition, the algorithm can be applied to various types of geospatial data, such as 3D point clouds and oblique photography 3D models.
Homomorphic Encryption and Collaborative Machine Learning for Secure Healthcare Analytics
Authors: Gandhi Bhomik M. , Vaghadia Shruti B. , Kumhar Malaram , Gupta Rajesh , Jadav Nilesh Kumar , Bhatia Jitendra , Tanwar Sudeep , Alabdulatif Abdulatif 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWith the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), the conventional healthcare system has evolved into a smart healthcare system, offering intelligent prognosis and diagnosis services. However, as the healthcare sector embraces technological advances, concerns about the privacy and security of critical patient data have become more prevalent. Due to adversarial attacks on traditional machine learning (ML), the security of these intelligent systems is increasingly at risk. Collaborative machine learning (CML) and homomorphic encryption (HE) have recently become viable approaches to circumvent the security challenges of healthcare systems. Inspired by the staggering benefits of CML and HE, this research article examines different cryptographic techniques that enable computations on encrypted data while delving into the fundamental ideas of HE. Simultaneously, it explores various frameworks for CML and highlights their potential for decentralized model training. The paper also critically analyses the benefits and challenges of integrating HE with CML, offering insights into safe model aggregation, guaranteeing data privacy, and performance optimization techniques for use in healthcare environments. Further, we delved into pragmatic scenarios and actual implementations, illustrating how the unified framework can improve diagnosis and cooperative research in smart healthcare systems. Lastly, we presented a case study that evaluates different ML algorithms, such as k‐nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression (LR), to secure healthcare analytics. The results show that KNN had the best accuracy of 76.5%, with RF and SVM having an accuracy of 76%. The accuracy for LR is 73.5%, which is lower than all other models. These findings offer insightful information for selecting models that take accuracy and the trade‐off between precision, recall, and F1 score into account. This helps researchers make well‐informed selections for their classification work in securing healthcare analytics.
The Chemical Profile and the Quantification of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules Erchen Decoction Analyzed by Ultra‐High Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method
Authors: Lai Enping , Ning Jinrong , Liu Yiqi , Zhang Yu , Luo Wenhui , Hu Yunguang , Liu Yujie , Liang Ziqi , Li Peipei , Tian Jingyuan , Zheng Guodong , Wei Minyan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTraditional Chinese medicine formula granules (TCMFGs) are the advanced dosage forms of the single traditional Chinese herbal decoction pieces, which are widely used for clinical treatment in China. With the clinical application of TCMFG, Erchen decoction (ECD), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula treating phlegm–dampness syndrome, is treated as TCM formula granules instead of herb decoction pieces. However, the chemical profiles and chemical consistency between TCM formula granules ECD and herbal decoction pieces are still unclear. To clarify the chemical profiles in TCM formula granules ECD, the ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry technology was used to characterize the chemical profiles of TCM formula granules ECD, and nine characteristic chemical components were further determined. Our exciting finding indicated that a total of 64 components were quantified and glycyrrhizic acid, hesperidin, liquiritigenin, and nobiletin were found to be the major compounds in TCM formula granules ECD and might be the pharmacodynamic material basis of ECD for phlegm–dampness syndrome treatment. The study is to explore the chemical profile and the major compounds quantitatively analysis of TCM formula granules ECD for the first time, which provides a valuable knowledge for the quality control and clinical application on TCM formula granules ECD.
Enhanced Detection of Curcumol in Biological Samples via Acetonitrile‐Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate Salt‐Assisted Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction Coupled With High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Zhao Yucai , Meng Qiuyi , Liang Yuanli , Su Linjing , Xu Jingyan , Chen Zhengyi , Xiong Yuhao 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCurcumol, a significant bioactive molecule, requires accurate detection methods due to its extensive pharmacological properties. This study develops high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods to detect curcumol and constructs sample pretreatment techniques using salt‐assisted liquid‐liquid microextraction (SALLME). The optimization process focuses on conditions for acetonitrile (ACN) anhydrous sodium sulfate‐assisted liquid‐liquid microextraction. By adding excess anhydrous sodium sulfate to an ACN aqueous solution, ACN precipitates, forming a saturated saline solution and resulting in a two‐phase system. Curcumol, being highly soluble in ACN, separates into and enriches within the ACN phase, achieving effective matrix separation. SALLME demonstrated an enrichment factor of up to 12.4 for curcumol. The extracted ACN is then injected into an HPLC instrument for quantitative detection and analysis. The method exhibited a good linear range (0.5–10.0 µg/mL) and a low detection limit (0.05 µg/mL). The results indicate that curcumol can be effectively separated from complex matrices using this technique. By optimizing salt concentration and temperature, the HPLC method for determining curcumol in biological samples was successfully established, achieving recoveries between 86.2% and 137.6% in spiked urine and blood samples. Furthermore, this method offers rapid, efficient, and environmentally friendly sample preparation, promising significant applications in pharmacological and clinical settings.
Load‐path analysis of transverse tensile stresses in multiple‐pile caps
Authors: He Zhi‐Qi , Sami Ullah Muhammad , Liu Gao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStrut‐and‐tie modeling (STM) is commonly employed in the design of multiple pile caps in bridge structures. However, the construction of the model can be complicated by manual and experience‐related challenges. Based on load‐path modeling (LPM), this study presents analytical solutions for solving the elastic stress distribution in multiple‐pile caps with various structural configurations. This is accomplished by employing the transparent LPM approach that combines graphical and analytical features. It is found that the LPM is able to capture the distribution of transverse tensile stresses in the bottom region of multiple‐pile caps. At the same time, direct equations are developed to calculate the resultant transverse tension forces in multiple‐pile caps. The LPM results can be used as a quantitative basis for constructing strut‐and‐tie models. Finally, a worked example is provided to show the efficiency of the proposed LPM.
Enhancing Concrete Performance with Waste Foundry Sand Using Ternary Blended Mixes of Ordinary Portland Cement, Silica Fume, and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Yamini Roja S. , Murali K. , Shanthi V. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMineral admixtures play an important part in improving the strength characteristics of concrete. This manuscript presents the incorporation of silica fume (SF) and ground granulated blast furnace slag into the concrete mix to decrease the cement content and enhance the strength and concrete's durability. In addition, river sand deposits have started to dry up. Also, eco‐friendly disposal of industrial wastes acts as a major threat to industries. Hence, the use of waste foundry sand (WFS) and M‐sand (MS) as fine aggregate is attempted in this study. In the first phase of this research work, concrete specimens have been prepared by partially replaced cement with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by SF to find their optimum replacements in Ternary Blended Concrete (TBC). In the second phase, concrete specimens replaced with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by WFS for fine aggregate (MS) were prepared and found optimum usage of foundry sand in waste foundry sand concrete (WFSC). In the third phase, a ternary blended green concrete (TBGC) was prepared by partially replaced cement with 30% GGBFS and 10% SF and replaced MS with 30% WFS and conducted strength (flexural strength, compressive and split tensile strength) and durability (acid and sulfate attack) studies. The above combination was found to be a promising way for the development of environmentally friendly concrete.
Polarimetric radar observations of the Jersey tornadic supercell on 1–2 November 2023
Authors: Clark Matthew R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA large tornado and severe hailstorm struck Jersey, Channel Islands, just before midnight on 1–2 November 2023. Radar data are analysed to explore the morphology of the parent supercell thunderstorm. A tornado debris cloud was evident in polarimetric fields, collocated with a reflectivity ‘debris ball’. The debris cloud comprised a small region of exceptionally low correlation coefficient (<0.8) collocated with differential reflectivity ≤0dB. In vertical section, the debris signature comprised a column of low correlation coefficient and high reflectivity that tilted north‐northeast with height and extended to at least 2km above ground level.
Para‐aortic lymph node dissection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for type 4 or large type 3 gastric cancer with extensive lymph node metastasis
Authors: Wada Takeyuki , Yoshikawa Takaki , Honda Shunya , Fujisaki Yurina , Uotani Tomofumi , Kumamoto Yudai , Ogawa Rei , Nishino Masashi , Sakon Ryota , Ishizu Kenichi , Hayashi Tsutomu , Yamagata Yukinori , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundD2 and para‐aortic lymph node dissection (PAND) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) are reportedly effective for gastric cancer (GC) with extensive lymph node metastasis (ELM), such as para‐aortic nodal metastasis or bulky nodal metastasis, around the major perigastric arteries. However, type 4 and large type 3 tumors were excluded from previous studies, as they are considered special subtypes that easily spread to the peritoneum. Whether or not PAND contributes to the survival of type 4 or large type 3GC with ELM is thus unclear.MethodsThis study examined patients who underwent radical gastrectomy with D2 resection and PAND following NAC between 2002 and 2019. Patients were classified into the normal‐type group and the type 4 or large type 3 group. The overall survival (OS) and prognostic factors were investigated.ResultsForty‐nine patients were examined and classified into the normal‐type group (34 patients) and type 4 or large type 3 group (15 patients). The 5‐year OS rates of the normal‐type and type 4 or large type 3 groups were 55.5% and 26.7%, respectively. Type 4 or large type 3 tumors were an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis in the multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 2.506, 95% confidence interval: 1.111–5.650, and p = 0.027).ConclusionsThe prognosis of type 4 or large type 3 GC with ELM treated with radical gastrectomy with D2 and PAND after NAC was poor. Type 4 or large type 3 GC with ELM should be treated using a different strategy than the normal type with ELM.
The landscape of lncRNAs in cell granules: Insights into their significance in cancer
Authors: Mathias Carolina , Rodrigues Ana Carolina , Baal Suelen Cristina Soares , de Azevedo Alexandre Luiz Korte , Kozak Vanessa Nascimento , Alves Leticia Ferreira , de Oliveira Jaqueline Carvalho , Guil Sonia , Gradia Daniela Fiori 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCellular compartmentalization, achieved through membrane‐based compartments, is a fundamental aspect of cell biology that contributes to the evolutionary success of cells. While organelles have traditionally been the focus of research, membrane‐less organelles (MLOs) are emerging as critical players, exhibiting distinct morphological features and unique molecular compositions. Recent research highlights the pivotal role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in MLOs and their involvement in various cellular processes across different organisms. In the context of cancer, dysregulation of MLO formation, influenced by altered lncRNA expression, impacts chromatin organization, oncogenic transcription, signaling pathways, and telomere lengthening. This review synthesizes the current understanding of lncRNA composition within MLOs, delineating their functions and exploring how their dysregulation contributes to human cancers. Environmental challenges in tumorigenesis, such as nutrient deprivation and hypoxia, induce stress granules, promoting cancer cell survival and progression. Advancements in biochemical techniques, particularly single RNA imaging methods, offer valuable tools for studying RNA functions within live cells. However, detecting low‐abundance lncRNAs remains challenging due to their limited expression levels. The correlation between lncRNA expression and pathological conditions, particularly cancer, should be explored, emphasizing the importance of single‐cell studies for precise biomarker identification and the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.This article is categorized under:
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes
Introduction: Remembering Urban Terror in Europe—Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Memorialisation, Narratives, and the Politics of Memory
Authors: Karcher Katharina , Dimcheva Yordanka , Parkes Mia , Toribio Medina Mireya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTaking the 2004 bombings in Madrid’s Atocha Station as a case study, this chapter introduces and explores the central themes of the work that follows: the narrating, remembering, and forgetting of terror attacks across Europe between 2004 and 2019. The aim of this volume is to offer ‘thick descriptions’ (Geertz, 1973) of the material, cultural, and political impact of this violence. As such, this introduction offers an initial contextualisation of the debate surrounding political violence in Europe—including state violence, mass atrocities, epistemic violence, and urban attacks—and proposes that the ways in which we remember such violence is a question not only of Europe’s past, but also one of re-imagining its potential futures. In particular, considering questions of politics and power, this chapter explores the definitions of ‘terror’ and ‘terrorism’ as concepts, and aims to show that these labels should be studied as both political and cultural phenomena. Finally, this introduction also contextualises the use of art throughout the volume, suggesting that works of art may be understood as a new means through which terror and violence can be remembered, imagined, and commemorated across Europe.