bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fat Soluble Vitamins and Macrominerals
Authors: Polat Elif 
Published: October 2024

The word vitamin was first used to mean ""the amine necessary for life"". • Vitamins are organic catalysts necessary for normal body functions, growth and healthy living. They are not synthesized in the human body and must be obtained externally.
Vitamins are classified according to their fat and water solubility. Fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E and K, and although they are essential for health, each of them has very important functions in the body. They have many biological activities such as vision, bone, coagulation and antioxidant effects. They are released, absorbed and transported (as chylomicrons) along with dietary fats. They are stored in the liver and fatty tissue and are eliminated more slowly than water-soluble vitamins. Vitamins A and D can accumulate in the body and cause toxic effects.
Minerals are inorganic substances needed for the body to maintain its basic functions. These substances cannot be created directly by plants and animals and are taken from the soil. Minerals are divided into two groups: macrominerals and microminerals. Macrominerals are elements that should be taken in amounts greater than 100 mg daily. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, chlorine and potassium are macrominerals. Deficiency or excess intake of minerals can disrupt many biological functions and cause diseases. Sodium is a mineral that plays an important role in the body. Sodium, the main cation of extracellular fluid, is involved in functions such as transport of substances across the cell membrane, fluid-electrolyte balance, and regulation of blood pressure. Sodium levels in the body are kept under control by the functioning of the kidneys and the influence of hormones. Muscle contraction begins with an increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration. It is the most abundant element in the human body after calcium. It is a component of DNA and RNA. Phosphorus plays a role in the formation of bones and teeth and the repair of tissues and cells. It is found abundantly in water in nature, but rarely in plants, especially as sodium chloride and potassium chloride. It ensures that the fluids in the body are kept in balance.
Water Soluble Vitamins
Authors: Laloglu Esra 
Published: October 2024

Vitamins are organic molecules that cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by humans and therefore must be obtained through diet. Nine vitamins (folic acid, cobalamin, ascorbic acid, pyridoxine, thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, biotin and pantothenic acid) are classified as water-soluble. When taken in excess of the body’s needs, they are easily excreted in the urine and therefore must be taken continuously through the diet. Toxicity is rare. However, deficiencies can develop rapidly.
Vitamins are necessary for the performance of certain cellular functions. For example, many water-soluble vitamins function as coenzymes in metabolic pathways related to energy production and hematopoiesis. Since these vitamins play a central role in energy metabolism, their deficiencies primarily cause problems in rapidly developing tissues. Typical symptoms are dermatitis, glossitis (the tongue is swollen and red), cheilitis in the corners of the lips and diarrhea. The nervous system of patients is also affected due to energy problems. Patients often experience peripheral neuropathy, depression, mental confusion, and loss of motor coordination.
Minerals are inorganic structures (elements) that the body needs in small amounts. It has functions in many processes such as the formation of bone and tooth structure, fluid balance, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, signaling and catalysis. Various minerals are essential cofactors of enzymes. Minerals are micronutrients needed at mg or μg levels. Microminerals are needed at levels between 1 and 100 mg/day. Ultra trace minerals are needed in amounts below 1 mg per day. Copper, iron, manganese and zinc are microminerals. Ultratrace minerals include iodine, selenium and molybdenum. In this section, detailed information was given about the biochemical structures of water-soluble vitamins, microminerals and ultra-trace elements, their important functions in the body, and the pathological conditions seen in their deficiency and excess.
Antiepileptic Medicinal Plants
Authors: Demir Fidel 
Published: October 2024

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterised by recurrent and spontaneous seizures. Millions of people worldwide struggle with epilepsy. There is no radical treatment for epilepsy. Current treatments are symptomatic and approximately one third of the patients show resistance to existing drugs. The majority of epilepsy patients live in countries with low socioeconomic status. It is very difficult for these patients to access adequate medical treatment. Problems such as drug-related side effects, lack of access to medication and drug resistance are common in epilepsy patients. For this reason, many researchers are trying to discover new compounds with antiepileptic properties for the treatment of epilepsy.
The epileptogenic mechanism has not been solved yet. Currently used antiepileptic drugs are symptomatic and do not provide radical treatment. Modern antiepileptic drugs reduce seizure frequency but do not show antiepileptogenic properties. Experimental studies indicate that herbal compounds may show antiepileptogenic properties. In the literature on this subject, it is seen that there are many natural plants that have been studied. It is stated that antiepileptic drugs can potentially be developed from these. Based on these reasons, I aimed to explain the herbal compounds showing antiepileptic properties in the light of the literature.
Brain Ventricular System, Meninges, and Clinical Anatomy: A Handbook for Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Atesoglu Karabas Sibel 
Published: October 2024

Brain ventricles, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and dural sinuses are vital to the central nervous system and have a very important anatomical place, especially when using brain imaging techniques. Although the anatomical sections mentioned are discussed as separate chapters in the book, they are completely interrelated and form part of an inseparable whole.
This book takes a straightforward approach to the ventricular system, meninges, CSF, and dural sinuses of the brain, presenting them from anatomical, clinical, and healthcare perspectives. The complexity of the subjects covered in the field of anatomy can be daunting. However, the key to understanding any subject is to break it down to its most basic, transparent state. In this book, I’ve endeavored to do just that, using simple schematic drawings to describe the ventricular system, meninges, CSF, and dural sinuses. These illustrations are not just simple, they are highly functional, particularly in helping you visualize the subject in 3D. The book’s content is designed to be accessible and beneficial to anatomists, neurosurgeons, and all healthcare professionals, particularly medical students.
Dear students, this book aims to contribute valuable support to learning anatomy. Therefore, you are the main target group of this book. I hope this book will increase your awareness and develop your knowledge of the ventricular system, meninges, and dural sinuses of the brain.
Immunotherapy in Brain, Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Eroglu Imdat , Ozdemir Nuriye , Yazici Ozan 
Published: October 2024

Besides immunotherapy, several other pathways are targeted in Head and Neck (HNC) for future treatment. HRAS, NTRK, MSI, NOTCH, and PIK3A are targetable pathways for HNC. Tipifarnib showed promising results in patients with HNC having HRAS mutation in phase 2 studies. Xevinapant, a potent oral inhibitor of the apoptosis proteins antagonist, is another novel molecule tested as a treatment option in HNC. A phase 2 trial showed that the addition of xevinapant to the CRT in locally advanced HNC results in very promising 5-yr OS benefits (53 % vs 28 %) compared to the CRT+placebo ( Multiomic studies (especially genomic and transcriptomic) are going on. Using multi-omics for the guidance of treatment could increase the PFS of the patients.
Pembrolizumab is recommended alone or in combination with cisplatin /carboplatin and 5-FU chemotherapy, especially in tumors with PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1 for metastatic/unresectable disease in the first-line treatment. Single-agent pembrolizumab is an acceptable treatment choice especially in patients with CPS ≥ 20. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab are also recommended in subsequent lines if disease progression occurs after the first platinum-based treatment. For locally advanced HNC, studies on nivolumab and pembrolizumab with radiation therapy or CRT are mainly based on safety data and are immature. Although KEYNOTE-412 failed to show event-free survival and OS benefit when combined with CRT, patients with high PD-L1 expression may improve clinically. Although neoadjuvant immunotherapy showed promising results in phase 2 studies, further phase 3 studies are required to use it as a standard treatment option. HNCs are a heterogeneous group of cancers with different etiological, anatomical, and tumor microenvironmental features. Combining the different immunotherapies and chemotherapy with immunotherapy could be an acceptable option to overcome these barriers. Besides immunotherapy, several novel pathways are under investigation for targeted therapies in patients with HNC.
Leech Application
Authors: Bilden Alican 
Published: October 2024

Hirudotherapy, the use of leeches in medical treatment, has gained global recognition, including approval from the World Health Organization. This therapy is noted for its effectiveness in conjunction with modern medicine in treating various diseases, thanks to the biologically active substances leeches secrete, which possess properties such as anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Despite its benefits and cost-effectiveness, improper application without specialist supervision can lead to complications and increased healthcare costs. Regulations introduced in 2014 mandate that leech therapy be administered by qualified doctors to ensure safety and efficacy.
Leeches, particularly species like Hirudo medicinalis and Hirudo verbana, are valued in medical applications. These hermaphroditic organisms, capable of living in diverse aquatic environments, produce secretions rich in therapeutic compounds. Historically used across ancient civilizations and reintroduced in modern medicine for plastic and reconstructive surgeries, leech therapy is now utilized for its pain-relief properties and to enhance wound healing and blood circulation.
Clinical applications extend to plastic surgery, orthopedic treatments, wound care, pain management, and even dental health. The therapy’s benefits include alleviating symptoms of chronic conditions such as arthritis and diabetes-related wounds, as well as improving recovery post-surgery. However, precautions are necessary to avoid risks like infections and allergic reactions. Leech therapy is contraindicated for certain individuals, including those with hemophilia, pregnant women, and children under ten.
The resurgence of hirudotherapy underscores the need for further scientific studies to expand its application and enhance understanding of its mechanisms. With stringent regulations and specialist involvement, leech therapy can complement conventional treatments, offering a holistic approach to healthcare.
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Childhood
Authors: Akar Asuman 
Published: October 2024

The document discusses the crucial role of intra-family communication in fostering healthy relationships and individual development. The family is highlighted as the primary environment for personality formation and emotional security. Effective communication within the family involves listening, empathizing, and appropriate emotional expression.
Listening is emphasized as the foundation of communication, where understanding the verbal and non-verbal messages is vital. Empathy, defined as understanding and sharing the feelings of others, is crucial for emotional connection and conflict resolution. Proper emotional expression ensures that messages are conveyed clearly and constructively, avoiding unnecessary conflicts.
The impact of family communication on emotional health is discussed with references to various experts. Alice Miller, Engin Geçtan, Mustafa Ulusoy, John Bowlby, and Virginia Satir emphasize the importance of open, supportive communication in fostering emotional well-being and preventing psychological issues.
Basic dynamics of family communication, such as understanding, respect, boundaries, roles, and conflict management, are also crucial. These dynamics significantly influence the overall quality of life within the family, where mutual understanding and respect strengthen relationships and problem-solving abilities.
In summary, healthy intra-family communication is essential for emotional health, individual development, and overall family harmony.
Nutrition in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Gelen Kaya Pinar 
Published: October 2024

In women with polycystic ovary syndrome, not every hormone necessary for the full maturation of an egg can be produced. Since none of the eggs can mature and crack from the ovary, ovulation cannot occur and the hormone progesterone cannot be produced. This situation causes the menstruations to be irregular or not at all.
The insulin hormone is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the level of glucose in the blood. ""Insulin resistance"" is observed in many women with polycystic ovary syndrome. In insulin resistance; body tissues resist the action of insulin and as a result, the body is forced to produce more insulin. Very high levels of insulin hormone in the body; It also affects the ovaries, causing hormonal imbalance; excess insulin production also increases androgen production, thus forming a complete vicious cycle. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome tend to gain weight and the reason for difficult weight loss is this disorder observed in insulin metabolism.
Rhodiola rosea e seu papel no estresse
Authors: Heberle Theo de Lima , De Souza Waiczyk Helena , Milarch Carine de Freitas 
Published: October 2024

A nutrição é uma área da saúde que não abrange somente o perfil nutricional da população, mas também está envolvida com aspectos físicos e mentais dos indivíduos. Assim, o âmbito nutricional abrange diversos pontos, desde os cuidados básicos com a qualidade nutricional da alimentação até o controle de processos psicológicos envolvendo a alimentação. Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), cerca de 90% da população mundial sofre com o estresse. No entanto, os medicamentos atualmente utilizados para o estresse, possuem efeitos colaterais ou eficácia limitada, levando muitos pacientes a procurarem compostos extraídos de plantas para alívio dos sintomas. Neste cenário, muito vem se falando sobre a Rhodiola rosea, um fitoterápico utilizado no tratamento de fadiga física e mental, também podendo ser utilizado em indivíduos com depressão induzida por estresse e ansiedade. Com base nos dados obtidos através das plataformas PubMed e SciELO, foram encontrados 256 artigos, sendo no total 18 artigos examinados após a seleção com ensaios clínicos, e destes, 8 artigos selecionados para o presente estudo. Assim, concluiu-se que o uso do extrato de Rhodiola rosea, embora tenha apresentado mudanças positivas em relação a fatores de estresse, necessita de maiores estudos que evidenciem mecanismos avaliativos mais modernos e específicos, como a adoção de parâmetros mais robustos na mensuração de níveis de estresse dos indivíduos. Também é indicada a integração de um profissional da área de nutrição em conjunto com os pesquisadores, a fim de determinar uma alimentação padronizada durante as pesquisas, uma vez que esta tem influência nas respostas ao estresse.
NARROWING THE EXPECTATION GAP IN NIGERIAN QUOTED FIRMS VIA EMPLOYEES’ SHAREHOLDING
Authors: ALAO Adeniyi , FAKAYODE Opeoluwa Paul , ODUNSI Oluwasegun Temitayo 
Published: October 2024

This study examined the influence of employees’ shareholding on the Expectation Gap (EG) in auditing, focusing on Nigerian quoted firms. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted for the study, along with the purposive sampling method. Three hundred and ten (310) responses were used for the analysis. The data were analysed using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) at a 5 percent level of significance. The result showed that employees’ shareholding (β = 0.374; t = 7.362) has a significant positive effect on the external auditor’s independence factor. The study concluded that employees’ participation is a good practice to be employed by the Nigerian quoted firms in addressing the challenge of EG in those firms. Therefore, the study recommended that quoted firms should strengthen the independence of external auditors by allowing employees’ participation in the ownership structure to reduce the EG.
Exploring the Landscape of Islamic Management Research Through Bibliometric Analysis: Insights and Implications
Authors: Apriantoro Muhamad Subhi , Susanto Ilham Widhi 
Published: October 2024

The exploration of Islamic management holds significant scholarly value as it can enhance comprehension and scholarship regarding management methodologies aligned with Islamic values. This study analyzes and presents a visual representation of the progression of scholarly papers about Islamic management. This study is based on research on Islamic management in the Scopus-indexed database from 1971- 2022. We analyze this discipline's publication trends, co-authorship networks, and bibliographic coupling using advanced tools like VOS Viewer and R Studio. This study only considers databases indexed by Scopus, ignoring other reputable international indexers. We found that Islamic management studies focus on three areas: Organization and management as a tool, risk management in Islamic finance, and the effects of ethical management of Islam on conflict resolution. The findings of this study are significant in paving the way for future research and providing projections on areas that need a more significant portion of accelerated development. Decision-makers can utilize this research to implement innovative and sustainable strategies. Additionally, researchers can use this article as a guide to understand future research developments and orientations in Islamic management.
Bio‐optical properties of Arctic drift ice and surface waters north of Svalbard from winter to spring
Authors: Kowalczuk Piotr , Meler Justyna , Kauko Hanna M. , Pavlov Alexey K. , Zabłocka Monika , Peeken Ilka , Dybwad Christine , Castellani Giulia , Granskog Mats A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe have quantified absorption by CDOM, aCDOM(λ), particulate matter, ap(λ), algal pigments, aph(λ), and detrital material, aNAP(λ), coincident with chlorophyll a in sea ice and surface waters in winter and spring 2015 in the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard. The aCDOM(λ) was low in contrast to other regions of the Arctic Ocean, while ap(λ) has the largest contribution to absorption variability in sea ice and surface waters. ap(443) was 1.4–2.8 times and 1.3–1.8 times higher than aCDOM(443) in surface water and sea ice, respectively. aph(λ) contributed 90% and 81% to ap(λ), in open leads and under‐ice waters column, and much less (53%–74%) in sea ice, respectively. Both aCDOM(λ) and ap(λ) followed closely the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a in sea ice and the water column. We observed a tenfold increase of the chlorophyll a concentration and nearly twofold increase in absorption at 443 nm in sea ice from winter to spring. The aCDOM(λ) dominated the absorption budget in the UV both in sea ice and surface waters. In the visible range, absorption was dominated by aph(λ), which contributed more than 50% and aCDOM(λ), which contributed 43% to total absorption in water column. Detrital absorption contributed significantly (33%) only in surface ice layer. Algae dynamics explained more than 90% variability in ap(λ) and aph(λ) in water column, but less than 70% in the sea ice. This study presents detailed absorption budget that is relevant for modeling of radiative transfer and primary production.
Impact of sea level rise on tidal range in Chesapeake and Delaware Bays
Authors: Lee Serena Blyth , Li Ming , Zhang Fan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCoastal inundation is affected not only by rising mean sea level but also by changing tides. A numerical model is developed to investigate how sea level rise and coastline changes may impact tides in two coastal‐plain estuaries, Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay. Despite their different tidal characteristics, the two estuaries display similar responses to the sea level rise and shoreline management scenarios. When hypothetic sea walls are erected at the present coastline to prevent low‐lying land from flooding, tidal range increases, with greater amplification in the upper part of the two estuaries. When low‐lying land is allowed to become permanently inundated by higher sea level, however, tidal range in both estuaries decreases. Analyses of the tidal energy budget show that the increased dissipation over the shallow water and newly inundated areas compensates for the reduced dissipation in deep water, leading to smaller tidal range. The changes in the tidal range are not proportional to the changes in the mean sea level, indicating a nonlinear tidal response to sea level rise. The ratio of tidal range change to sea level rise varies between −0.05 and 0.1 in Chesapeake Bay and between −0.2 and 0.25 in Delaware Bay. The model results suggest a potential adaptation strategy that uses inundation over low‐lying areas to reduce tidal range at up‐estuary locations.
Was Late Triassic Tanggula granitoid (central Tibet, western China) a product of melting of underthrust Songpan‐Ganzi flysch sediments?
Authors: Lu Lu , Zhang Kai‐Jun , Yan Li‐Long , Jin Xin , Zhang Yu‐Xiu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGeochronological (laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, LA‐ICP‐MS), mineral chemistry, major and trace element, and Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopic data are presented for the Tanggula granitoid, the largest granitic pluton in the northern Tibetan Plateau. The Tanggula pluton yields a Late Triassic emplacement age (228–223 Ma) and is magnesian (Mg# = 29.10–49.81), high‐K calc‐alkaline (K2O/Na2O = 0.76–3.51, mostly >1), and strongly peraluminous (molar Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O), A/CNK = 1.06–1.42, mostly >1.1). High initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.716849 to 0.730577) and low ƐNd(t) (−10.95 to −9.60) and ƐHf(t) values (−16 to −5.1), along with an abundance of aluminosilicate minerals (e.g., biotite), enrichments in light rare earth and large ion lithophile elements, negative Eu anomalies, and depletion in high field strength elements suggest that the Tanggula granitoid is an S‐type granite derived mainly from the anatexis of metasedimentary source rocks. Geochemical fingerprinting using Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopes and detrital zircon U‐Pb age spectra shows that Triassic flysch sediments from the Songpan‐Ganzi Paleo‐Tethyan Ocean to the north of the pluton are the most likely source of the Tanggula granitic magmas. The Tanggula granitoid could thus have been formed by the partial melting of the flysch sediments from the Songpan‐Ganzi complex as they were underthrust beneath the Qiangtang terrane along the Jinsha subduction zone during the Late Triassic.