bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oceanic Turbulent Energy Budget using Large-Eddy Simulation of a Wind Event during DYNAMO
Authors: Hoecker-Martínez Martín S. , Smyth William D. , Skyllingstad Eric D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe dominant processes governing ocean mixing during an active phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation are identified. Air–sea fluxes and upper-ocean currents and hydrography, measured aboard the R/V Revelle during boreal fall 2011 in the Indian Ocean at 0°, 80.5°E, are integrated by means of a large-eddy simulation (LES) to infer mixing mechanisms and quantify the resulting vertical property fluxes. In the simulation, wind accelerates the mixed layer, and shear mixes the momentum downward, causing the mixed layer base to descend. Turbulent kinetic energy gains due to shear production and Langmuir circulations are opposed by stirring gravity and frictional losses. The strongest stirring of buoyancy follows precipitation events and penetrates to the base of the mixed layer. The focus here is on the initial 24 h of an unusually strong wind burst that began on 24 November 2011. The model shows that Langmuir turbulence influences only the uppermost few meters of the ocean. Below the wave-energized region, shear instability responds to the integrated momentum flux into the mixed layer, lagging the initial onset of the storm. Shear below the mixed layer persists after the storm has weakened and decelerates the surface jet slowly (compared with the acceleration at the peak of the storm). Slow loss of momentum from the mixed layer extends the effect of the surface wind burst by energizing the fluid at the base of the mixed layer, thereby prolonging heat uptake due to the storm. Ocean turbulence and air–sea fluxes contribute to the cooling of the mixed layer approximately in the ratio 1:3, consistent with observations.
Evaluation of combined Gd-EOB-DTPA and gadobutrol magnetic resonance imaging for the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma grading
Authors: Schelhorn Juliane , Best Jan , Dechêne Alexander , Göbel Thomas , Bertram Stefanie , Lauenstein Thomas , Kinner Sonja 
Published: January 2016

Background Tumor biopsy is not essential for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, grading remains important for the prognosis. Purpose To investigate whether combined Gd-EOB-DTPA and gadobutrol liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can predict HCC grading. Material and Methods Thirty patients (66.6 ± 7.3 years) with histologically confirmed HCC (grade 1, n = 5; grade 1–2, n = 6; grade 2, n = 13; grade 2–3, n = 2; grade 3, n = 4) underwent two liver MRIs, one with gadobutrol and one with Gd-EOB-DTPA, on consecutive days. Blinded to grading, two radiologists reviewed the gadobutrol and Gd-EOB-DTPA images in consensus with respect to: (i) HCC hyper-/iso-/hypointensity in the arterial, portal-venous/delayed, and Gd-EOB-DTPA hepatocellular phase; and (ii) morphologic tumor features (encapsulated growth, vessel invasion, heterogeneity, liver capsule infiltration, satellite metastases). Results A significant correlation with grading was not found for either the combined dynamic information of all gadobutrol phases (r = −0.187, P = 0.331) or all the Gd-EOB-DTPA phases (r = 0.052, P = 0.802). No correlation with grading was found for a combination of arterial and hepatocellular phase in Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI (r = 0.209, P = 0.305), a combination of both arterial phases (gadobutrol and Gd-EOB-DTPA) with the Gd-EOB-DTPA hepatocellular phase (r = 0.240, P = 0.248), or a combination of all available gadobutrol and Gd-EOB-DTPA phases (r = 0.086, P = 0.691). For all gadobutrol information (dynamic phases and morphology; r = 0.049, P = 0.801) and for all Gd-EOB-DTPA information (r = 0.040, P = 0.845), no correlation with grading was found. Hepatocellular Gd-EOB-DTPA phase iso-/hyperintensity never occurred in grade 3 HCCs. Conclusion Histological HCC grading cannot be predicted by combined Gd-EOB-DTPA/gadobutrol MRI. However, Gd-EOB-DTPA hepatocellular phase iso-/hyperintensity was never detected in grade 3 HCCs.
Antimalarials as a risk factor for elevated muscle enzymes in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Tselios K , Gladman D D , Su Jiandong , Urowitz M B 
Published: January 2016

Objective To investigate the relationship between antimalarials (AM) and elevated muscle enzymes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients—Methods 325 lupus patients with abnormal creatine phosphokinase (CPK) for at least two consecutive clinic visits were enrolled; 54 patients on statins/fibrates ( n = 43) and/or active myositis ( n = 14) were excluded. The control group consisted of 1453 lupus patients with no CPK elevation during follow-up. Descriptive statistics and Cox regression analyses were performed, p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Cases and controls did not differ regarding age at SLE diagnosis, gender ratio, or disease duration. AM use was more frequent in cases, which had more prolonged AM use. Total frequency of elevated CPK in AM users was 216/1322 (16.3%). Chloroquine was associated with a 3.3-fold, and hydroxychloroquine with a 3.1-fold, increased risk for CPK elevation. Black race was associated with higher CPK (HR = 2.941), whereas female gender was protective (HR = 0.697). 203 patients were followed for 7.3 ± 5.6 years; 49.8% had persistent and 14.8% intermittent CPK elevation, while in 35.4% CPK was normalized. Clinical proximal muscle weakness developed in 5/203 patients. Conclusions Chronic AM use is a potential risk factor for muscle enzyme elevation in SLE patients. CPK abnormalities persist in almost two thirds of the patients, but this remains mainly a biochemical finding, evolving to clinical myopathy in about 2.5%.
Relationship of Mitochondrial Enzymes to Fatigue Intensity in Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving External Beam Radiation Therapy
Authors: Filler Kristin , Lyon Debra , McCain Nancy , Bennett James , Fernández-Martínez Juan Luis , deAndrés-Galiana Enrique Juan , Elswick R. K. , Lukkahatai Nada , Saligan Leorey 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a plausible biological mechanism for cancer-related fatigue. Specific aims of this study were to (1) describe the levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complex (MOPC) enzymes, fatigue, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) before and at completion of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PC); (2) examine relationships over time among levels of MOPC enzymes, fatigue, and HRQOL; and (3) compare levels of MOPC enzymes in men with clinically significant and nonsignificant fatigue intensification during EBRT. Methods: Fatigue was measured by the revised Piper Fatigue Scale and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Fatigue subscale (FACT-F). MOPC enzymes (Complexes I–V) and mitochondrial antioxidant superoxide dismutase 2 were measured in peripheral blood using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and completion of EBRT. Participants were categorized into high or low fatigue (HF vs. LF) intensification groups based on amount of change in FACT-F scores during EBRT. Results: Fatigue reported by the 22 participants with PC significantly worsened and HRQOL significantly declined from baseline to EBRT completion. The HF group comprised 12 men with clinically significant change in fatigue (HF) during EBRT. Although no significant changes were observed in MOPC enzymes from baseline to EBRT completion, there were important differences in the patterns in the levels of MOPC enzymes between HF and LF groups. Conclusion: Distinct patterns of changes in the absorbance of MOPC enzymes delineated fatigue intensification among participants. Further investigation using a larger sample is warranted.
Lysyl oxidase is associated with increased thrombosis and platelet reactivity
Authors: Matsuura Shinobu , Mi Rongjuan , Koupenova Milka , Eliades Alexia , Patterson Shenia , Toselli Paul , Thon Jonathan , Italiano Joseph E. , Trackman Philip C. , Papadantonakis Nikolaos , Ravid Katya 
Published: January 2016

Key Points
Mice overexpressing LOX in platelets have more severe thrombosis than normal animals. LOX expression influences platelet adhesion to collagen.
Power estimation and sample size determination for replication studies of genome-wide association studies
Authors: Jiang Wei , Yu Weichuan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background
Replication study is a commonly used verification method to filter out false positives in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). If an association can be confirmed in a replication study, it will have a high confidence to be true positive. To design a replication study, traditional approaches calculate power by treating replication study as another independent primary study. These approaches do not use the information given by primary study. Besides, they need to specify a minimum detectable effect size, which may be subjective. One may think to replace the minimum effect size with the observed effect sizes in the power calculation. However, this approach will make the designed replication study underpowered since we are only interested in the positive associations from the primary study and the problem of the “winner’s curse” will occur.

Results
An Empirical Bayes (EB) based method is proposed to estimate the power of replication study for each association. The corresponding credible interval is estimated in the proposed approach. Simulation experiments show that our method is better than other plug-in based estimators in terms of overcoming the winner’s curse and providing higher estimation accuracy. The coverage probability of given credible interval is well-calibrated in the simulation experiments. Weighted average method is used to estimate the average power of all underlying true associations. This is used to determine the sample size of replication study. Sample sizes are estimated on 6 diseases from Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) using our method. They are higher than sample sizes estimated by plugging observed effect sizes in power calculation.

Conclusions
Our new method can objectively determine replication study’s sample size by using information extracted from primary study. Also the winner’s curse is alleviated. Thus, it is a better choice when designing replication studies of GWAS. The R-package is available at: http://bioinformatics.ust.hk/RPower.html.
Relationship between body mass index and hippocampal
glutamate/glutamine in bipolar disorder
Authors: Bond David J. , da Silveira Leonardo Evangelista , MacMillan Erin L. , Torres Ivan J. , Lang Donna J. , Su Wayne , Honer William G. , Lam Raymond W. , Yatham Lakshmi N. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundWe previously reported that patients with early-stage bipolar disorder,
but not healthy comparison controls, had body mass index (BMI)-related
volume reductions in limbic brain areas, suggesting that the structural
brain changes characteristic of bipolar disorder were more pronounced
with increased weight.AimsTo determine whether the most consistently reported neurochemical
abnormality in bipolar disorder, increased glutamate/glutamine (Glx), was
also more prominent with higher BMI.MethodWe used single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure
hippocampal Glx in 51 patients with first-episode mania (mean BMI = 24.1)
and 28 healthy controls (mean BMI = 23.3).ResultsIn patients, but not healthy controls, linear regression demonstrated
that higher BMI predicted greater Glx. Factorial ANCOVA showed a
significant BMI×diagnosis interaction, confirming a distinct effect of
weight on Glx in patients.ConclusionsTogether with our volumetric studies, these results suggest that higher
BMI is associated with more pronounced structural and neurochemical
limbic brain changes in bipolar disorder, even in early-stage patients
with low obesity rates.
Plan for quality improvement: the ‘Legal High’ Guide
Authors: Johnston Steve 
Published: January 2016

‘Legal highs’ are responsible for increasing public mortality and A&E admissions. Research into these products are limited and prolonged processes. New legislations being enforced are potentially leading to new chemicals being manufactured and released for sale with no approved research of known effects. Front-line clinicians are untrained and unfamiliar with the effects of these new drugs and are limited in their practice to symptomatic treatment. This study intends to introduce the idea of a researched and referenced ‘Legal high’ guide through the medium of an ‘app’ or pocket guide for clinician education, safety netting and improved patient care. This article is an amended version of the winning poster entry of the UK Student Paramedic Conference 2015.
Spend time now, save time later: IPM lessons learned from the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
Authors: Lawrence Amanda N. , Strotman Jennifer 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A case study involving a comprehensive inspection to discriminate between old and active pest infestations is described. Integrated pest management (IPM) processes within the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Smithsonian Institution, Division of Mammals (DOM) are challenging because of the size and composition of the collection, the age of storage equipment, and a low staffing to specimen ratio. Each specimen cabinet was inspected by IPM technicians during a 6-week period in late 2012. Following that inspection, two members of the NMNH collections program technician team began a 9-week project to clean 5,925 incidents in the affected cabinets in DOM storage areas in the Natural History Building downtown. The results of this project show that cleaning up a pest infestation in any natural history collection can be done in a reasonable amount of time and will help ensure the preservation of collections in the future. Knowing that the collections have been fully inspected and cleaned will allow staff in the DOM to easily and rapidly address future IPM issues in a structured way. Such efforts facilitate future IPM inspections because evidence of any new pest activity is no longer at risk of being overlooked due to debris from past infestations.
A need analysis study regarding to develop a school-based curriculum for teaching principles and methods course
Authors: Yeşilpınar Uyar Melis 
Published: January 2016

In this study, conducting the needs analysis which is the first phase of a school-based curriculum for teaching principles and methods course was aimed. The research was designed as a case study and the participants, 15 pre-service teachers, eight instructors, five class teachers and five education inspectors were chosen by sampling criteria. The interviews and document analysis data collection methods were used to collect the data. In conclusion, in this study it has been found that there should be given place for objectives regarding cognitive skills, cognitive and affective comprehension dimensions in teaching principles and methods course; the subjects which are functional in practice and have common usage area should be included within content dimension. Besides, it has been identified that during the learning-teaching process the knowledge should be presented and explained, the quality of teaching service should be increased, pre-service teachers should be provided with authentic learning experiences, student centered approach should be used as a base; and it has been asserted that this process should be rearranged aiming at enhancing the practice dimension of it. Moreover, it has been seen that a measurement -evaluation process is needed which includes use of process-based alternative assessment tools and gives feedback to all assessment results.
Relational variables predicting life satisfaction in pregnant women<p>Gebelerde yaşam doyumunu yordayan ilişkisel değişkenler
Authors: Kumcağız Hatice 
Published: January 2016

<p>The study aims at examining whether life satisfaction of pregnant women is predicted by their stress coping styles, being understood/not understood by their husbands, and intentional/unintentional conception. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 260 pregnant women living in two districts of Province Samsun who had self-reportedly no psychiatric problems. Data collection tools used in the study include a personal information form to determine sociodemographic characteristics of pregnant women, the Ways of Coping Questionnaire to determine stress coping styles, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale to determine level of life satisfaction. As the assumption of normality was not met (p&lt;0.05), the use of non-parametric tests was considered necessary; and thus the study used Spearman's rank correlation coefficient to find the relationship between two variables, and the Mann–Whitney U test to test whether there is a significant difference between two variables. A significant negative correlation was found between life satisfaction and submissive and helpless coping styles which are the subscales of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The study found that life satisfaction of pregnant women was predicted by their stress coping styles, being understood/not understood by their husbands, and intentional/unintentional conception.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu araştırmanın amacı gebelerin stresle baş etme tarzlarının, eşleri tarafından anlaşılma /anlaşılmama ve isteyerek gebe kalma/kalmama gibi durumların yaşam doyumlarını ne ölçüde yordadığını belirlemektir. Araştırma kesitsel tipte tarama modelinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri Samsun ilinin iki ilçesinde yaşayan, kendi ifadesine göre herhangi bir psikiyatrik sorunu olmayan 260 gebeden toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde (p&lt;0.05) normallik şartı sağlanmadığı için parametrik olmayan testlerden; iki değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi bulabilmek için Spearman Brown Sıra Farkları korelasyon testi ve iki durum arasında anlamlı fark olup olmadığını test etmek için de Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, stresle başa çıkma tarzları ölçeğinin alt boyutlarından çaresiz yaklaşım ve boyun eğici yaklaşım ile yaşam doyumu arasında negatif yönde anlamlı düzeyde yordamaktadır. Araştırma bulguları ilgili literatür eşliğinde tartışılmış ve daha sonra gerçekleştirilecek araştırmalara yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir.</p>
ROZWIĄZANIA KONSTRUKCJI MECHANICZNEJ ZASTOSOWANEJ W RODZINIE GŁOWIC OPTOELEKTRONICZNYCH WH
Authors: Konopacki Tomasz , Błaszczyk Janusz 
Published: January 2016

AbstractArtykuł przedstawia budowę, opracowanej w ITWL, mechanicznej głowicy optoelektronicznej typu WH, przeznaczonej do bezzałogowych systemów powietrznych. Na tle rozwoju głowicy przedstawiono jej podstawowe wyposażenie, zasadnicze elementy, możliwy sposób montażu i rozwiązanie przeniesienia napędów.
Analiza Metody Sterowania Predykcyjnego Dla Aktywnego Zawieszenia Magnetycznego
Authors: Kurnyta-Mazurek Paulina , Henzel Maciej , Kurnyta Artur 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSyntezę regulatorów klasycznych przeprowadza się na podstawie znajomości parametrów modelu obiektu regulacji. Jednak wyznaczenie tych parametrów nie zawsze jest możliwe lub jest niezwykle trudne, zwłaszcza gdy zmieniają się one w trakcie okresu eksploatacji. W takim przypadku wykorzystuje się bardziej złożone metody sterowania, np. metodę sterowania predykcyjnego. W artykule przedstawiona została metoda sterowania predykcyjnego w układzie regulacji aktywnego zawieszenia magnetycznego, model matematyczny i symulacyjny takiego układu sterowania oraz wyniki wstępnych badań symulacyjnych analizowanego układu sterowania.
Acute Effects of Smoking on Heart Rate and Peripheral Resistance in Young Smokers
Authors: Mrkaić Ana , Branković Suzana , Randjelović Pavle , Veljković Milica , Pavlović Ivan , Radenković Mirjana 
Published: January 2016

SummarySmoking has many harmful effects on human body. It is well known that smoking is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Though the ingredients from cigarette smoke stimulate the release of vasoconstrictor and reduce the release of vasodilator substances, the goal of this study was to investigate the acute effects of smoking on arterial blood pressure, heart rate and blood vessel flow.The investigation was conducted on forty healthy volunteers divided into two groups of twenty non-smokers (control group), and twenty smokers (experimental group). The group of smokers was examined before and after smoking four cigarettes during one hour. Blood pressure and electrocardiograph (ECG) were measured by common methods. Brecht’s and Boucke’s methods of plethysmography were used to evaluate the peripheral circulation.There were no differences in measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure and recorded ECG between non-smokers and smokers, neither between smokers before and after smoking. However, heart rate was increased by 29.57% after smoking in comparison to the value before smoking.Evaluation of plethysmographic parameters showed that amplitude was significantly decreased. Parameters of peripheral resistance were very increased: ductility was decreased by over 20%.It can be concluded that acute smoking does not significantly affect the level of blood pressure, although it increases heart rate. The shape of plethysmograms showed decreased systolic filling and decreased diameters of blood vessels.
Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Mlynáriková V. , Mičeková D. , Rovenský J. , Šteňová E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSjögren’s syndrome is a slowly progressive, inflammatory autoimmune disease primarily affecting exocrine glands. Lymphocytic infiltrates replace functional epithelium and lead to decreased exocrine secretion of salivary and lacrimal glands - xerocrinopathy. Glands of intestinal system and pulmonary tract, skin and vaginal mucosa may also be affected. The most common extraglandular manifestations of primary Sjögren’s syndrome include skin vasculitis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, functional renal abnormalities, neuropathy and arthritis symptoms. This disorder may appear separately as a primary Sjögren’s syndrome or in connection with other inflammatory rheumatic diseases as secondary Sjögren’s syndrome. Treatment of the disease is based on topical ocular and oral therapy, extraglandular manifestations need to be treated with hydroxychloroquine and severe cases even with corticosteroid or immunosuppressive drugs.