bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges for pathologists in implementing clinical microbiome diagnostic testing
Authors: Gerasimova Yulia , Ali Haroon , Nadeem Urooba 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent research has established that the microbiome plays potential roles in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases, including carcinomas. This discovery has led to significant interest in clinical microbiome testing among physicians, translational investigators, and the lay public. As novel, inexpensive methodologies to interrogate the microbiota become available, research labs and commercial vendors have offered microbial assays. However, these tests still have not infiltrated the clinical laboratory space. Here, we provide an overview of the challenges of implementing microbiome testing in clinical pathology. We discuss challenges associated with preanalytical and analytic sample handling and collection that can influence results, choosing the appropriate testing methodology for the clinical context, establishing reference ranges, interpreting the data generated by testing and its value in making patient care decisions, regulation, and cost considerations of testing. Additionally, we suggest potential solutions for these problems to expedite the establishment of microbiome testing in the clinical laboratory.
ADSCC‐CM‐Induced Keratin Hydrogel‐Based Bioactive Microneedle Patch Containing Triamcinolone Acetonide for the Treatment of Pathological Scar
Authors: Li Cong , Yi Bingcheng , Xu Quanchen , Ma Jinlong , Yuan Luhan , Liu Yining , Liu Wei , Zhou Ziyi , Ning Xuchao , Zhang Jierui , Yang Fan , Wang Sisi , Shi Qiang , Zhou Qihui , Wang Zhiguo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPathological scars (PS) are involved in the excessive response of inflammation and overactivation of myofibroblasts. Herein, a novel microneedle (MN) patch based on the adipose‐derived stem cell concentrated conditioned medium (ADSCC‐CM) cross‐linked keratin hydrogel is developed to load triamcinolone acetonide (TA), thereby achieving the dual‐drug delivery of ADSCC‐CM and TA to simultaneously reduce the inflammation and guide myofibroblast behaviors. Results not only confirm the ability of ADSCC‐CM to drive the formation of keratin‐based hydrogel, but also verify the dual‐drug release capacities of the hydrogel‐developed MNs (TA@AC‐MN). Using human hyperplastic scar fibroblast (HSF), the combination of ADSCC‐CM and TA demonstrates a pronounced synergistic effect in mitigating the detrimental effects of the inflammatory microenvironment on HSFs, including suppressing the production of reactive oxygen species and attenuating the expression of inflammatory factors. Compared with the clinically used TA, TA@AC‐MN promotes scar biomimetic repair (i.e., optimizing the proportion of collagen and increasing the tissue tensile strength). This study demonstrates that TA@AC‐MN has the capacity to provide a self‐managing and minimally invasive therapeutic strategy for PS.
An Efficient Strategy for Tailoring Interfacial Charge Transfer Pathway on Semiconductor Photocatalysts: A Case of (BiFeO3)x(SrTiO3)1−x/Mn3O4
Authors: Wang Qiang , Li Li , Liu Rongrong , Wang Ping , Wang Yapeng , Liang Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ability to generate heterostructures with a desirable charge transfer pathway is essential for achieving semiconductor photocatalysts with super photocatalytic activity. Herein, it is proposed to realize robust tailoring of effective charge transfer pathway in semiconductor‐based heterostructures via work function regulation, and elucidate the influence of the work function of the semiconductor on the charge transfer mechanism at the heterostructure interface. Specifically, taking type‐II heterostructure SrTiO3/Mn3O4 as an example, introducing BiFeO3 into SrTiO3 effectively regulate the work function of the (BiFeO3)x(SrTiO3)1−x/Mn3O4 (BxT1−x/Mn3O4) solid solution through optimizing the x value. Combined with in situ testing, the results show that the original type‐II heterojunction SrTiO3/Mn3O4 is converted into S‐scheme heterojunction (BiFeO3)0.3(SrTiO3)0.7/Mn3O4 when BiFeO3 is introduced. This increases the work function of the semiconductor, inducing the light‐generated carriers to be guided and separated by the generated built‐in electric field. Therefore, the implementation of this strategy can achieve efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction. In contrast to pristine SrTiO3/Mn3O4, the (BiFeO3)0.3(SrTiO3)0.7/Mn3O4 heterostructure exhibits a 28‐fold enhancement of in electron consumption rate during photocatalytic CO2 reduction, and the reaction mechanism is suggested. In this study, a strategy for effectively converting interfacial charge transfer pathways in semiconductor photocatalysts is developed to enhance the photoconversion kinetics of CO2 and H2O.
Bio‐Inspired Cellulose Composites With Multicolor Separation via Electro‐Thermal and Magneto‐Thermal Techniques for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Wen Xiaoxiang , Yue Yifan , Wang Changxing , Zhang Jinxia , Xie Yuechi , Ning Yayun , Li Jianing , Lu Xuegang , Yang Sen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiomimetic optical devices based on cellulose nanocrystals with tunable structural colors have received significant attention recently. However, the limited ability to control multicolor separation beyond simple single‐color modulation restricts its practical applications. Here, a diversified multicolor separation strategy for the cholesteric phase cellulose composite (CPCC) is presented. The CPCC is prepared by integrating a high‐concentration self‐assembled hydroxypropyl cellulose with a cross‐linked poly(acrylic acid‐acrylamide) (P(AA‐AM)) network. By adjusting the cross‐linking degree of P(AA‐AM) in CPCC, Thermally induced multicolor separation is achieved from a homochromatic state at room temperature to multicolor patterned display at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, by utilizing the electric heating effect of conductive carbon oil, the multicolor separation under low voltage is achieved, and based on this, pixelated electro‐thermochromic displays are developed. Additionally, magneto‐thermal multicolor separation induced by introducing FeNi3 nanoparticles is investigated with efficient magnetic induction heating ability into CPCC. The multicolor separation effect is further improved by pixelated distribution of FeNi3 nanoparticles and adjusting the concentration of FeNi3 in each pixel. Finally, thermochromism, electro‐thermochromic, and magneto‐thermochromic functionalities are integrated into the CPCC, achieving advanced multilevel information encryption. This multilevel approach of controlling multicolor separation significantly enhances the functionality of nanocellulose in various potential photonic applications.
One‐Step Laser Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles and Laser‐Induced Graphene in a Paper Substrate for Non‐Enzymatic Glucose Sensing
Authors: Pinheiro Tomás , Caetano Joana , Fortunato Elvira , Sales M. Goreti F. , Almeida Henrique , Martins Rodrigo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe synergy resulting from the high conductivity of graphene and catalytic properties of metal nanoparticle has been a resource to improve the activity and functionality of electrochemical sensors. This work focuses on the simultaneous synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and laser‐induced graphene (LIG) derived from paper, through a one‐step laser processing approach. A chromatography paper substrate with drop‐casted copper sulfate is used for the fabrication of this hybrid material, characterized in terms of its morphological, chemical, and conductive properties. Appealing conductive properties are achieved, with sheet resistance of 170 Ω sq−1 being reached, while chemical characterization confirms the simultaneous synthesis of the conductive carbon electrode material and metallic copper nanostructures. Using optimized laser synthesis and patterning conditions, LIG/CuNPs‐based working electrodes are fabricated within a three‐electrode planar cell, and their electrochemical performance is assessed against pristine LIG electrodes, demonstrating good electron transfer kinetics appropriate for electrochemical sensing. The sensor's ability to detect glucose through a non‐enzymatic route is optimized, to assure good sensing performance in standard samples and in artificial sweat complex matrix.
Vertical‐Switching Conductive Bridge Random Access Memory with Adjustable Tunnel Gap and Improved Switching Uniformity Using 2D Electron Gas
Authors: Kim Jiho , Kwon Ohhyuk , Seo Jongseon , Hwang Hyunsang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOwing to the high reactivity and diffusivity of Ag and Cu ions, controlling the atomic filament formation and rupture processes in conductive bridge random‐access memory (CBRAM) is challenging. In this study, it is demonstrated that by using a 2D electron gas (2DEG) as the bottom electrode (BE) in a vertical‐switching CBRAM (V‐CBRAM), filament formation and rupture can be effectively managed and the tunnel gap distance created by partial filament formation can be adjusted. The 2DEG BE induces partial filament formation by limiting the number of electrons required for this process in the V‐CBRAM device, as verified via current fitting to the quantum point contact model. Varying the electron concentration and activation energy for electrons trapped in the 2DEG, when paired with various programming voltages, leads to transitions in the device resistance state via changes in the distance of the tunnel gap. This tunnel‐gap‐tunable 2DEG V‐CBRAM device, which exhibits superior switching uniformity, can be employed for nonvolatile memory applications in the sub‐G0 conductance regime, such as 3‐bit multilevel cells and selector‐less memory.
Photokatalytische PPh3‐vermittelte Synthese von C3‐funktionalisierten Indolen über radikalische Anellierung von Nitroaromaten und Alkenen
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Wiethoff Maxim‐Aleksa , Studer Armido 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOxidativ erzeugte Phosphin‐Radikalkationen sind reaktive Intermediate, die über Deoxygenierungsprozesse zur Erzeugung von kohlenstoff‐ und heteroatomzentrierten Radikalen verwendet werden können. Solche P‐Radikalkationen lassen sich leicht durch Ein‐Elektronentransfer‐Oxidation mit einem Redoxkatalysator erzeugen. Günstige und kommerziell erhältliche Nitroaromaten sind ideale Stickstoffquellen zum Aufbau organischer Amine und stickstoffhaltiger Heterozyklen. Die Aktivierung von Nitroaromaten mit Phosphinen wurde bereits in ionischen Prozessen erreicht, die jedoch spezielle Phosphor‐Nukleophile und hohe Temperaturen erfordern. In dieser Arbeit wird über einen alternativen Weg der Nitroaktivierung berichtet, der über einen radikalischen Prozess verläuft. Diese Strategie führt zu offenschaligen Zwischenprodukten, die eine interessante, unerforschte Reaktivität zeigen. Dies wird durch die Entwicklung einer wirtschaftlichen und hoch effizienten Synthese wertvoller Indolderivate durch photokatalytische PPh3‐vermittelte Anellierung von Nitroaromaten mit Alkenen dokumentiert. Die Sequenz weist eine große Toleranz gegenüber funktionellen Gruppen auf. Das Verfahren ermöglicht die Aktivierung von Nitroaromaten bei Raumtemperatur, wobei eine doppelte C−H‐Bindungsfunktionalisierung von Alkenen erreicht wird, um einen schnellen Zugang zu C3‐funktionalisierten Indolen zu bieten, die Schlüsselstrukturkomponenten verschiedener Naturstoffe und Arzneimittel darstellen. Mechanistische Studien, die durch DFT‐Berechnungen weiter unterstützt werden, deuten darauf hin, dass ein Nitrosoaryl‐Radikalkation eine Schlüsselrolle im Anellierungsprozess spielt.
Sustainable poly(imide‐imide) vitrimer based on multiple dynamic covalent bonds
Authors: Zhao Yanna , Zhang Yingying , Bai Xiaowei , Wang Yuqi , Li Yiqing , Yang Shuai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolyimide materials with high mechanical strength are widely used in various fields, but pose certain challenges in achieving sustainable material utilization. A poly(imide‐imide) vitrimer material (ADTA) based on multiple dynamic covalent bonds (imide, imine, and disulfide bonds) was constructed by preparing vanillin difunctionalized derivatives (DVA) for aldolamine condensation reactions with bis‐amine monomers (ATFA) and tris(2‐aminoethyl) amines (TAEA) with imide structures. The ADTA material has good 5% thermal stability Td5% (278.87°C), high energy storage modulus E (2421.26 MPa), and fast relaxation time (36.39 s). The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the material are enhanced by the more stable alicyclic structure of the imide structure. The material also demonstrated excellent solvent resistance and self‐healing properties. This study provides a new option for the development of sustainable utilization of polyimide materials.
POSS‐reinforced covalent network in epoxy adhesive and its improvement in the high‐temperature adhesion, toughness, and transparency
Authors: Chengyu Shi , Nan Li , Qisong Yuan , Tao Liu , Qingyuan Cao , Hanqi Qian , Bo Jiang , Jiazhi Wang , Xiangtao Yu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeveloping epoxy structural adhesives with excellent high‐temperature adhesion remains a great challenge. The incorporation of fillers can enhance the performance of epoxy adhesives, albeit at the expense of reduced high‐temperature adhesion properties. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) is considered a promising filler for enhancing high‐temperature adhesion properties due to its excellent compatibility and nano cage‐structured. Herein, the rigid cage‐structured was covalently introduced epoxy adhesives to improve the high‐temperature adhesion properties. The introduction of 1 wt% POSS significantly increased the high‐temperature (120°C) adhesion strength by 197% and toughness by 283%. The POSS‐reinforced adhesive also featured excellent wide temperature adaptability, indicating that it maintained high adhesion strength at various temperatures. Furthermore, POSS drastically enhanced the transparency of epoxy adhesive by three times. It is highly anticipated that this work will open a new avenue of designing epoxy adhesives with the excellent high‐temperature adhesion properties and transparency.
Enhancing Li4Ti5O12 Anodes for High‐Performance Batteries: Ti3+ Induction via Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition and Dual Carbon/LLZO Coatings
Authors: Abdelaal Mohamed M. , Alkhedher Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLithium titanium oxide (LTO) is a promising anode material due to its ability to store lithium through intercalation reactions. However, its electrochemical performance is limited by poor electron conductivity and side reactions with the electrolyte. In this study, plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is employed to introduce oxygen vacancies and self‐doped Ti3+ into LTO to improve the internal conductivity. Subsequent carbon coating and aluminum‐doped lithium lanthanum zirconate garnet (LLZO) layers resulted in a multi‐layered composite denoted as LTO−L‐x. Morphological analyses using SEM and TEM demonstrated the successful growth of Al‐doped LLZO on carbon‐coated LTO. Aluminum ions in LLZO cubic structure are crucial for stabilizing the high ionic conductive phase during cooling, as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. The dual coating layers have a significant impact on the rate capability, reducing polarization gaps and enabling higher capacities at various current rates. Long‐term cycling tests reveal the robustness of the composite, with LTO−L‐1.0 retaining 90.8 % capacity after 4000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. This underscores the sustained high electronic and ionic conductivity facilitated by the dual coating layers. The study contributes to the design of advanced anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, emphasizing the importance of tailored coating strategies to address conductivity and stability challenges.
Biomass to biofuel: Palm kernel shells as catalyst supports for enhanced biodiesel production
Authors: Shakir Mohammad Aliff , Ahmad Mardiana Idayu , Mansur Fatin Zafirah , Abdul Khalil H.P.S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe use of agricultural biomass fibers, specifically palm kernel shell (PKS), has significant potential to enhance biodiesel production. This approach overcomes economic barriers and contributes to sustainability by repurposing agricultural biomass. This study explores the effectiveness of PKS as a cost‐effective and sustainable catalyst support. Palm kernel shell was chosen due to its high carbon content, low ash presence, and abundance as a byproduct in the palm oil industry, making it an economically viable and environmentally friendly option. In this study, an optimized activated carbon from PKS biomass was fabricated as catalyst support to enhance biodiesel production efficiency. Using response surface methodology (RSM), the PKS was impregnated with phosphoric acid and synthesized at various acid concentrations, impregnation times, and activation times to enhance porosity for catalytic support capabilities. The experimental design included a central composite design (CCD) to vary these factors systematically and determine their optimal levels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis revealed significant development of porosity, affirming the efficient activation process. Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis confirmed phosphorus incorporation during activation, indicating the formation of an intricate pore structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy highlighted the presence of functional groups pertinent to the biodiesel reaction process. The transesterification process employing PKS as a catalyst with different biobased feedstocks, such as waste frying oils from corn, palm, and sunflower, led to biodiesel yields of varying efficiencies. Notably, corn oil had the highest yield at 94.92%. This study highlights the potential of PKS as a biobased catalyst support and contributes to the broader biorefinery concept by integrating biomass utilization into renewable fuel production.
Untangling the Complexity and Impact of Tau Protein Ubiquitination
Authors: Trivellato Daniele , Munari Francesca , Assfalg Michael , Capaldi Stefano , D'Onofrio Mariapina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe microtubule‐associated protein tau is an intrinsically disordered protein highly expressed in neuronal axons. In healthy neurons, tau regulates microtubule dynamics and neurite outgrowth. However, pathological conditions can trigger aberrant tau aggregation into insoluble filaments, a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders known as tauopathies. Tau undergoes diverse posttranslational modifications (PTMs), suggesting complex regulation and potentially varied functions. Among PTMs, the role and mechanisms of ubiquitination in physiology and disease have remained enigmatic. The past three decades have witnessed the emergence of key studies on tau protein ubiquitination. In this concept, we discuss how these investigations have begun to shed light on the ubiquitination patterns of physiological and pathological tau, the responsible enzymatic machinery, and the influence of ubiquitination on tau aggregation. We also provide an overview of the semi‐synthetic methods that have enabled in vitro investigations of conformational transitions of tau induced by ubiquitin modification. Finally, we discuss future perspectives in the field necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of tau ubiquitination and clearance.
The Rectangular Niobium Oxyiodide Cluster Nb4OI10 – A Narrow Band‐Gap Semiconductor
Authors: Beitlberger Jan , Ströbele Markus , Strauß Fabian , Scheele Marcus , Romao Carl P. , Meyer Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA metal‐rich niobium oxyiodide was prepared by soft reduction of NbI4. The structure of the new compound Nb4OI10 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and contains a rectangular Nb4(μ4‐O) cluster that is interconnected into layers by iodide ligands. The local structure of the Nb4OI10 cluster bears a close relationship to a defect Nb6I11 structure. The two‐dimensional van der Waals material
Nb4OI8I4/2] is a small band‐gap semiconductor (<1 eV), as analysed by electrical conductivity measurements, photoresponse, experimental band gap determination, and band structure calculation.
A network analysis of eating disorder, PTSD, major depression, state‐trait anxiety, and quality of life measures in eating disorder patients treated in residential care
Authors: Brewerton Timothy D. , Kopland Maren C. G. , Gavidia Ismael , Suro Giulia , Perlman Molly M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe network approach in the eating disorder (ED) field has confirmed important links between EDs and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, studies including comorbid symptoms are scarce, which limits our understanding of potentially important connections. We hypothesised that anxiety, depression and poor quality of life (QOL) would provide a more complete picture of central, maintaining factors.MethodsNetwork analysis using R was performed in 2178 adult ED patients (91% female) admitted to residential treatment. Assessments included the ED Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ), the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI‐2), the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PTSD clusters (PCL‐5)), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI), and the ED QOL Scale (EDQOL), which measure symptoms of EDs, PTSD, major depression, state‐trait anxiety, and QOL, respectively.ResultsEDI‐2 ineffectiveness showed the highest centrality (expected influence) followed by EDI‐2 interoceptive awareness, STAI state anxiety, EDEQ shape concern, EDQOL psychological subscale, and PTSD cluster D (hyperarousal) symptoms. Eating Disorder Quality of Life psychological and physical‐cognitive subscales and PHQ‐9 major depressive, STAI state anxiety and PCL‐5 PTSD cluster E (negative alterations in mood and cognition) symptoms showed the highest bridge expected influence, suggesting their interactive role in maintaining ED‐PTSD comorbidity.ConclusionsThis is the first network analysis of the interaction between ED and PTSD symptoms to include the comorbid measures of depression, anxiety, and QOL in a large clinical sample of ED patients. Our results indicate that several symptom clusters are likely to maintain ED‐PTSD comorbidity and may be important targets of integrated treatment.
Association of rs2241766 and rs1501299 polymorphisms in the adiponectin gene with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Tang Yinghua , Yin Lianli , Lin Faquan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the influence of adiponectin (APN) rs2241766 and rs1501299 polymorphisms on adiponectin levels and their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS).MethodsAnalyzed two polymorphisms (rs2241766 and rs1501299) of the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) in 210 MetS patients and 102 control patients using the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method and DNA sequencing technology.ResultsThe genotypes of the rs2241766 T/G and rs1501299 G/T polymorphism were significantly associated with serum APN levels in MetS patients. The ADIPOQ polymorphisms were associated with a risk of MetS when compared with that in healthy controls. TG and GG genotypes of rs2241766 were associated with a significantly elevated risk of MetS as compared with the TT genotype (OR = 1.32 and OR = 2.53). Subjects with the G allele appeared to have higher susceptibility to MetS than those with the T allele (OR = 2.21). In common with the findings for rs2241766, the rs1501299 GT and TT genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of MetS as compared with the GG genotype (OR = 1.51 and OR = 2.24). The susceptibility to MetS appeared to be higher in subjects with the T allele than in those with the G allele (OR = 1.88).ConclusionsThe occurrence of MetS may be associated with genetic variations at the rs2241766 and rs1501299 loci, especially in individuals with T to G mutations (rs2241766) and G to T mutations (rs1501299). These mutations may lead to decreased APN levels and a higher risk of developing MetS.