bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial politics and infrastructure development: Analysis of historical transportation data in Gauteng - South Africa (1975–2003)
Authors: McKay Tracey , Simpson Zach , Patel Naeem 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIf South Africa’s Gauteng Province is to become a more ‘sustainable’, urbanised region, attention needs to be paid to building a transportation network that aligns with sustainable development principles. Currently, public transport passenger levels are low, whilst the geographical area it serves is large and becoming larger. This study analysed the long term, historical transportation trends of Gauteng by comparing four transport studies undertaken between 1975 and 2003. It reveals that an adherence to the ‘predict and provide’ transportation planning model has systematically enhanced road infrastructure over rail, and private over public transport. Effective, efficient and low cost public transport has been systematically under-provisioned; while a reliance on private vehicles is now entrenched and systemic. Racial segregation, spatial apartheid and weak urban land use planning, has resulted in an entrenched, low-density urban sprawl. Lastly, there is the need to collect comparable, longitudinal transportation data, if the successes and failures of policies are to be monitored.
Crystal structure of (16S)-12,16-epoxy-11,14-dihydroxy-17(15/16)-abeo-3a,18-cyclo-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one, C20H24O4
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad , Nur-e-Alam Mohammad , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Al-Oqai Mai , Al-Rehaily Adnan J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
C20H24O4, orthorhombic, P212121, a = 8.3007(4) Å, b = 12.0111(6) Å, c = 17.0604(9) Å, V = 1700.93(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0621, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1413, T = 296(2) K.
Determination of Nutrient Solutions for Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Seed Production under Aeroponics Production System
Authors: Tessema Lemma , Chindi Abebe , Gebremedhin W. Giorgis , Solomon Atsede , Shunka Egata , Seid Ebrahim 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn soilless culture like aeroponics, nutrient optimization is the most critical factor to produce high quality and high yield of clean potato seed. Each crop has an optimum nutritional requirement. Even each potato cultivar may require a specific nutrient solution in an aeroponics unit. A nutrient optimization experiment was conducted at Holetta agricultural research center to study the effect of different nutrient solution levels on the physical quality and yield of potato mini-tubers. The treatments were four different nutrient solutions of greenhouse grade macro nutrients measured in (g) for the preparation of 500 liter volume of nutrient solution that is to be restocked when the nutrient tank becomes empty. The nutrient EC and pH were adjusted as per the requirements. A=(118 g CaNO3, 252 g KNO3, 68 g KH2PO4and 100 g MgSO4) ,B=(59 g CaNO3, 126 g KNO3, 68 g KH2PO4and 100 g MgSO4), C=(118 g CaNO3, 252 g KNO3, 68 g KH2PO4and 100 g MgSO4until flowering and reduced by half after flowering), and D=(118 g CaNO3, 252 g KNO3, 136 g KH2PO4and 100 g MgSO4). All treatments included 2.2g of Fe EDTA and 6 g of Fetrilon combi. The potato variety, Belete, was used for the experiment. Acclimatized plantlets were planted randomly in each box of four treatments in CRD design with three replicates. The results showed that each treatment varied in nutrient consumption rate. Treatment A took the highest amount of nutrient (3.29 kg, 28%), treatments B and D consumed the same amount (3.1 kg, 27%), while treatment C consumed the smallest amount (2.02 kg). Roo length was significantly affected by nutrient solutions. Nutrient solution C resulted the maximum root length (300.8 cm), while nutrient solution A produced minimum root length (135.5 cm). Plant height was not significantly affected by nutrient solutions. Small size tubers (<8 g) were not significantly affected by either tuber number or weight. Medium (8-12 g) and large size tubers (>12 g) were significantly affected by nutrient solutions both in number and weight. The maximum tuber numbers was obtained from treatment B. Therefore, the experiment indicated that treatment B represents the optimum nutrient concentration rate to use in an aeroponics minituber production system under Holetta conditions.
Optimized production, quality control, biological evaluation and PET/CT imaging of 68Ga-PSMA-617 in breast adenocarcinoma model
Authors: Sharifi Mehdi , Yousefnia Hassan , Bahrami-Samani Ali , Jalilian Amir Reza , Zolghadri Samaneh , Alirezapour Behrouz , Geramifar Parham , Maus Stephan , Beiki Davood 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Optimized production, quality control and preclinical evaluation of 68Ga-PSMA-617 as a PET radiotracer for PSMA-positive malignancies as well as successful application in imaging of breast adenocarcinomas are reported. 68Ga-PSMA-617 radiolabeling and QC optimization, stability, log P, biodistribution in breast adenocarcinomas-bearing mice (direct and blockade studies) and also PET/CT imaging was performed. 68Ga-PSMA-617 complex was prepared in high radiochemical purity (>96%, ITLC, HPLC) and specific activity of 300–310 GBq/mM at 95 °C using 2–4 micrograms of the peptide in 10 min followed by solid phase purification. The tracer was stable in serum and final formulation for at least 120 min. The log P was −1.98. Western blot test on the tumor cell homogenates demonstrated distinct existence of the PSMA on the surface. The biodistribution of the tracer demonstrated specific kidney and tumor significant uptake using blocking study. Significant tumor:blood and tumor:muscle ratio uptake observed at 30 min post-injection (2.69 and 19.1, respectively). A reduction of 40–80% off tumor uptake in the study time period observed using blocking test. 68Ga-PSMA-617 can be proposing a possible tracer for PET imaging of breast adenocarcinomas and other breast malignancies.
Fabrication, mechanical, thermal, and electrical characterization of epoxy/silica composites for high-voltage insulation
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Ali Muhammad , Khattak Abraiz 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
For improved performance of epoxy, its composites were studied for high-voltage insulation. Epoxy composites may offer several advantages over neat epoxy and ceramic materials. We fabricated nano- and microepoxy/silica composites with 5 wt% nanosilica and 20 wt% microsilica, respectively. The composites and neat epoxy were studied for thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. A thermogravimetric analyzer was used for analyzing wt% loss with temperature. Tensile and hardness tests were performed according to DIN 53504/ASTM D412 and DIN 53505/ASTM D2240 standards, respectively. Electrical properties such as dielectric strength and resistivity were tested according to IEC-60243-1 and ASTM D257/IEC 60093 standards, respectively. Neat epoxy, microcomposite, and nanocomposite showed 50% weight loss at 392°C, 410°C, and 421°C, respectively. At 550°C, nanocomposite remained at 20% of its initial weight whereas neat epoxy and microcomposite remained at 10% of their initial weights. Microcomposite and nanocomposite showed tensile strengths of 65.7 Mpa and 69.3 Mpa, respectively. Enhancements of 8% and 19% in dielectric strength were recorded for microcomposites and nanocomposites, respectively. Nanosilica greatly improved surface and volume resistivity whereas microsilica showed negligible effect on resistivity.
„Wenn’s der Wahrheitsfindung dient“
Authors: Kraft Sandra 
Published: April 2017

Vorspann
In den Jahren um 1968 avancierten prominente Vertreter der Studentenbewegung wie Rudi Dutschke, Rainer Langhans oder Fritz Teufel nicht zuletzt deshalb zum Schrecken der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft, weil sie Tradition, Konvention und Autorität radikal in Frage stellten. Sandra Kraft rekonstruiert am Beispiel des Berliner „Brandstiftungsprozesses“ von 1967/68 die sogenannte Justizkampagne der Außerparlamentarischen Opposition, die nicht nur die westdeutsche Justiz als Handlanger eines repressiven Staats mit brauner Vergangenheit brandmarken, sondern auch die Praxistauglichkeit der Kritischen Theorie unter Beweis stellen sollte.
Zeitbögen, Neoliberalismus und das Ende des Westens, oder: Wie kann man die deutsche Geschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts schreiben?
Authors: Leendertz Ariane 
Published: April 2017

Vorspann
Was hielt das 20. Jahrhundert im Innersten zusammen? Wie lässt sich die deutsche Geschichte im „Zeitalter der Extreme“ deuten? Welche Leitbegriffe und Periodisierungen bieten sich an? Was ergibt sich daraus für Gesamtdarstellungen zur deutschen Zeitgeschichte? Ariane Leendertz stellt sich diesen Fragen. Sie setzt sich intensiv mit dem Konzept der Zeitbögen auseinander, das Anselm Doering-Manteuffel entwickelt und 2014 in den Vierteljahrsheften für Zeitgeschichte vorgestellt hat, unterzieht die Begrifflichkeit einer kritischen Prüfung und zeigt Stärken und Schwächen des Konzepts auf. Ausgehend von Doering-Manteuffels drittem Zeitbogen plädiert die Autorin dafür, die politische Ökonomie sowie die Ideen- und Politikgeschichte des Neoliberalismus stärker als bisher in der historischen Forschung zu berücksichtigen.
New Approach in Assessing Core Muscle Endurance Using Ratings of Perceived Exertion
Authors: George James D. , Tolley Jeffrey R. , Vehrs Pat R. , Reece Joel D. , Akay M. Fatih , Cambridge Edward D.J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
George, JD, Tolley, JR, Vehrs, PR, Reece, JD, Akay, MF, and Cambridge, EDJ. New approach in assessing core muscle endurance using ratings of perceived exertion. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1081–1088, 2018—This study sought to develop regression models to estimate maximal endurance time using data from 4 core muscle endurance tests. Eighty healthy university students (age: 22.7 ± 1.9 years) performed the plank, right side-bridge, left side-bridge, and back extension tests in a random order. Participants were instructed to hold each static position for a maximal endurance time, while maintaining proper form, and then rest for 5 minutes between tests. A test administrator recorded participants' ratings of perceived exertion (RPE; a modified 10-point scale) every 5 seconds. Based on regression analysis, the elapsed time to reach an RPE of 8 (RPE8) exhibited statistical significance (p < 0.0001) and the highest accuracy as compared with lower RPE values. The following univariate regression models were generated to estimate maximal endurance time across the 4 tests: plank (r = 0.94; standard error of estimate [SEE] = 17.6 seconds; n = 77) = 23.9 + (1.110 × RPE8); right side-bridge (r = 0.92; SEE = 11.4 seconds; n = 80) = 18.5 + (1.022 × RPE8); left side-bridge (r = 0.93; SEE = 10.8 seconds; n = 80) = 16.8 + (1.062 × RPE8); and back extension (r = 0.93; SEE = 14.2 seconds; n = 79) = 21.5 + (1.027 × RPE8). These results suggest that submaximal protocols based on elapsed time to reach RPE8 provide strength and conditioning professionals relatively accurate univariate regression equation estimates of maximal core muscle endurance time and offer a viable submaximal alternative to maximal capacity testing when time efficiency, participant safety, or certain educational objectives may be a priority.
Gonadotrophin abnormalities in an infant with Lowe syndrome
Authors: Warner Bronwen E , Inward Carol D , Burren Christine P 
Published: April 2017

Summary
This case, presenting with bilateral impalpable testes, illustrates the relevance of a broad differential disorders of sex development case management. It provides new insights on hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis and testicular function abnormalities in the multisystem disorder of Lowe syndrome. Lowe syndrome, also known as oculocerebrorenal syndrome, is a rare disorder characterised by eye abnormalities, central nervous system involvement and proximal renal tubular acidosis. There are a handful of reports of pubertal delay, infertility and cryptorchidism in Lowe syndrome. Biochemistry aged 72 h: testosterone 6.4 nmol/L, LH <0.5 IU/L and FSH <0.5 IU/L. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test identified significantly raised baseline LH = 45.4 IU/L (contrasts with earlier undetectable LH), with a 20% increase on stimulation, while baseline FSH = 4.3 IU/L with no increase on stimulation. Day 14 HCG stimulation test produced an acceptable 50% increase in testosterone. The constellation of further abnormalities suggested Lowe syndrome: hypotonia, bilateral cataracts (surgical extraction and intraocular lens implantation) and renal tubular acidosis (microscopic haematuria, hypercalciuria, proteinuria, generalised aminoaciduria, hypophosphataemia and metabolic acidosis). DNA sequencing identified de novo hemizygous frameshift mutation OCRL c.2409_2410delCT in exon 22. Interpretation of initial and repeat GnRH and HCG testing indicates the likelihood of testicular failure. Partial testicular descent occurred but left orchidopexy was required. Improving long-term gonadal function in Lowe syndrome assumes increased importance for current cohorts as advances in renal replacement therapy have greatly improved life expectancy. Noting HPG axis abnormalities in Lowe syndrome in infancy can identify cases requiring increased surveillance of pubertal progress for earlier detection and management.

Learning points:

Clinical endocrine problems in Lowe syndrome has been reported, but has focused on abnormalities in adolescence and young adulthood: pubertal delay and infertility.

We present an infant with isolated LH elevation at baseline and on GnRH stimulation testing who also had bilateral impalpable testes.

Early testing of the HPG axis in patients with Lowe syndrome may help predict gonadal abnormalities from a younger age, which will enhance the overall case management into adolescence.
Post-Discharge Events Occurring after Dental Treatment under Deep Sedation in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Davidovich Esti , Meltzer Liron , Efrat Jacob , Gozal David , Ram Diana 
Published: April 2017

Purpose: Deep sedation is often required in dentistry for treating children with uncooperative behavior. We assessed immediate post-sedation events during the first 24 hours after dental treatment under deep sedation in children, and examined correlations to a number of variables. Study design: Information was collected from medical files for a convenience sample of children between the ages of 1 and 16, who were treated under deep sedation at one clinic (propofol alone or combined with a sedative agent). Parents were interviewed by telephone regarding the first 24 hours following treatment.
Results: Among 32 children under age 6 years, 26 (81.3%) had at least one post sedation complication, compared to 19/22 (86.4%) aged 6 and older, p&gt;0.05. According to parent report, 13 (59.1%) of the older children had pain, compared to 6 (18.8%) of the younger ones, p=0.002. For no patient in the younger group compared to 18.2% in the older group was dizziness reported as a complication, p=0.023. Among those who received a sedative agent, 93.3% had one or more complications; 26.7% had nausea or vomiting. The respective rates were 79.5% and 5.1% among those treated only with propofol. Conclusions: Though safe, deep sedation poses complications and adverse events.
Females with Unexplained Joint Pain Following Total Joint Arthroplasty Exhibit a Higher Rate and Severity of Hypersensitivity to Implant Metals Compared with Males
Authors: Caicedo Marco S. , Solver Edward , Coleman Latasha , Jacobs Joshua J. , Hallab Nadim J. 
Published: April 2017

Background:Recent studies indicate that females demonstrate an increased risk of experiencing adverse local tissue reactions, aseptic loosening, and revision after primary metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty compared with males; the underlying biological mechanisms responsible for sex discrepancies in implant failure remain unclear. In addition to anatomical and biomechanical sex differences, there may be inherent immunological disparities that predispose females to more aggressive adaptive immune reactivity to implant debris, i.e., metal sensitivity.Methods:In this retrospective study, we analyzed sex-associated rates and levels of metal sensitization in 1,038 male and 1,575 female subjects with idiopathic joint pain following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) who were referred for in vitro metal-sensitivity testing.Results:Females demonstrated a significantly higher rate and severity of metal sensitization compared with males. The median lymphocyte stimulation index (SI) among males was 2.8 (mean, 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9 to 6.0) compared with 3.5 (mean, 8.2; 95% CI, 7.4 to 9.0) among females (p < 0.05). Forty-nine percent of females had an SI of ≥4 (reactive) compared with 38% of males, and the implant-related level of pain was also significantly (p < 0.0001) higher among females (mean, 6.8; 95% CI, 6.6 to 6.9) compared with males (mean, 6.1; 95% CI, 6.0 to 6.3).Conclusions:In a select group of patients who had joint pain following TJA and no evidence of infection and who were referred for metal-sensitivity testing, females exhibited a higher level of pain and demonstrated a higher rate and severity (as measured by lymphocyte SI) of metal sensitization compared with males.Level of Evidence:PrognosticLevel III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Черноморский флот и изучение жизни южных морей (конец XIX — начало XX вв.)
Authors: Игнатьев С. М. 
Published: April 2017

На основании анализа архивных источников исследуется уникальная роль военного флота в становлении отечественной гидробиологии. Проводя экспедиционные изыскания и формируя для них материальную базу, русский флот фактически создал отечественную гидробиологическую школу, направленную на решение его нужд, смог начать самостоятельные, свободные от иностранного участия исследования южного региона на мировом уровне.
Выявление летального токсического воздействия сероводорода на черноморских рачков-бокоплавов Orchestia bottae (Milne-Edwards, 1840) in vitro — в проточных инкубационных камерах
Authors: Гулин M. Б. 
Published: April 2017

Было изучено воздействие сероводорода на некоторых представителей морского зообентоса в серии экспериментов с использованием окислительно-восстановительного потенциала в проточных инкубационных камерах. Результаты всех экспериментов показали быструю гибель О. bottae под действием сероводорода и, наоборот, относительно высокое сопротивление O. bottae к краткосрочному дефициту растворенного кислорода.
Морфологическая изменчивость двух видов морских диатомовых водорослей Nitzschia ventricosa и Ardissonea crystallina (Bacillariophyta)
Authors: Шоренко К. И. , Подунай Ю. А. , Давидович О. И. , Куликовский М. С. 
Published: April 2017

Актуальность работы обусловлена недостаточной изученностью проблемы понимания объёма видов диатомовых водорослей, особенно в условиях in vitro. Цель исследования – изучить морфологическую изменчивость в культурах двух видов морских пеннатных диатомовых водорослей Nitzschia ventricosa Kitton и Ardissonea crystallina (C. Agardh) Grunow при помощи методов световой и сканирующей электронной микроскопии, а также оценить в эксперименте воздействие солёности на морфологические показатели панциря A. crystallina, использующиеся при диагностике вида; сделать сопутствующие таксономические замечания. Материалом послужили изоляты (клоны и альгологически чистые культуры), полученные в условиях in vitro: изоляты N. ventricosa – из природных популяций прибрежных районов Канарских островов, о-ва Мартиника и штата Техас (Мексиканский залив), изоляты A. crystallinа – из бентосных проб в бухте Казачья (Севастополь, Чёрное море). Морфологическая изменчивость в культурах N. ventricosa и A. crystallinа оказалась сопоставимой с данными, полученными на материале из природных популяций. Обнаруженная вариабельность изученных изолятов позволила уточнить морфологические особенности N. ventricosa. Варьирование в одном клоне N. ventricosa по числу штрихов и фибул оказалось выше, чем обнаруженное в альгологически чистых культурах этого вида. Широкая фенотипическая вариация створок в культурах N. ventricosa и A. crystallinа сопоставима с данными, полученными in situ. Выявлена тенденция возрастания плотности расположения штрихов и ареол и уменьшения ширины клеток A. crystallinа с увеличением солёности в эксперименте. При солёности 8 ‰ вегетативное деление замедлялось, культура погибала. С повышением уровня солёности увеличивались диапазоны варьирования числа штрихов A. crystallinа.
Kohesivitas Suami Istri Dalam Mewujudkan Keharmonisan Rumah Tangga: Studi Kasus di Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta
Authors: Suciati Suciati 
Published: April 2017

Each couple must have longed for harmony in the household, but many of them decide to divorce. The issue is not resolved for the sake of the problems cause conflict.This happens when couples are no longer uphold openness and trust. This study raised the marital cohesion in the area of Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta, considering this region occurred in the case of divorce due to lack of harmony in the marital relationship. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with three pairs of husband and wife. The study concluded that the three couples showed cohesiveness characterized by a relatively high intensity of togetherness, the role of head of the family stay on her husband, satisfaction with the solutions generated and the defense their
family name.
Energy Resolved Residual Stress Analysis with Laboratory X-Ray Sources
Authors: Liehr A. , Zinn W. , Degener S. , Scholtes B. , Niendorf T. , Genzel C. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
It is well known that existing residual stress fields play an important role for strength and lifetime of components. Consequently there is a great interest in the availability of fast, reliable and possibly nondestructive methods for their determination. In this context, X-ray diffraction methods play an important role in technical practice as well as in scientific research. They are based on the determination of lattice strains from which residual stresses are determined applying Hooke's law with appropriate elastic constants. In this paper – after a short survey of the basic principles – characteristic features of energy resolved methods for laboratory applications compared with angle resolved methods are outlined. A corresponding measuring device is presented and characteristic examples are given to demonstrate the possibilities and limitations of the method.
Einfluss der Wärmebehandlung auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit von Schneidwaren*
Authors: Rosemann P. , Müller C. , Kauss N. , Halle T. 
Published: April 2017

Kurzfassung
Härte und Korrosionsbeständigkeit sind die wichtigsten Qualitätsmerkmale von Schneidwaren. Diese werden nur durch eine optimal durchgeführte Wärmebehandlung des martensitischen nichtrostenden Stahls 1.4116 (X50CrMoV15) erreicht. In der industriellen Fertigung wird die Korrosionsbeständigkeit von Schneidwaren durch Wechseltauchversuche überprüft, die herstellerübergreifend eine große Schwankung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit belegen. In den letzten Jahren wurden neue elektrochemische Untersuchungsmethoden für die Werkstoffgruppe der martensitischen nichtrostenden Stähle entwickelt, welche die geringe Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit von Schneidwaren auf das Phänomen der Chromverarmung zurückführen. Derzeit wird in der wissenschaftlichen und in der industriellen Gemeinschaft der Schritt des Anlassens als Hauptursache der Chromverarmung angesehen. Bei Schneidwaren sind die Anlasstemperaturen aber zu gering, um die auftretende Chromverarmung zu erklären. Aus diesem Grund wurden drei verschiedene Wärmebehandlungsparameter (Austenitisierungsdauer, Abkühlgeschwindigkeit und Anlasstemperatur) systematisch untersucht, um deren Beitrag zur Chromverarmung darzustellen. Dazu wurde die Untersuchungsmethode der elektrochemisch potentiodynamischen Reaktivierung (EPR) eingesetzt, die sehr sensibel auf Veränderungen im Gefüge reagiert und den Grad an Chromverarmung ermittelt. Außerdem wurden KorroPad-Prüfungen durchgeführt und kritische Lochkorrosionspotentiale ermittelt, um den Zusammenhang zwischen Chromverarmung und Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit herzustellen. Die Ergebnisse aller Untersuchungen verdeutlichen, wie eng das Prozessfenster ist, in dem Schneidwaren mit hoher Korrosionsbeständigkeit hergestellt werden können.