bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hodnocení inkluzivních jednotek žáků se specifickými vzdělávacími potřebami do hodin běžné tělesné výchovy
Authors: Sklenaříková Jana , Bartoňová Radka , Skotáková Alena , Brázdová Lýdie 
Published: January 2018

Inclusion is described as the culmination of the integration process when conditions are created so that it can integrate individuals with special educational needs in intact population. The aim of the research was to determine how works inclusion of children with health disabilities in physical education classes in the Czech Republic at the various schools. It was performed research based on the range of DIC-CIT (Válková, Bartoňová & Ahmetaševič, 2012) which outlined the activities of students with disabilities in inclusive class. Results scaling by using CIT-DIC revealed time characteristics of the actual integration of students into physical education, into parallel activities and teacher’s assistants activities. From the results of our research is clear that in selected schools with inclusion in physical education receives at a high level.
Duální kariéra ve sportu a nutnost její institucionalizace v České republice
Authors: Nová Jana 
Published: January 2018

The paper on the base of a content analysis of European documents and manuals in the field of dual career in the sport deals with the evaluation of their implementation in the context of the Czech Republic. The analysis is complemented by own investigation among elite athletes and their coaches using the online questionnaire. Conclusions form the qualitative analysis are then used to formulate proposals to support training and subsequent transition of elite athletes to the labour market using the theory of institutionalization.
Co je nového ve světě sportovní výživy
Authors: Kumstát Michal 
Published: January 2018

Sport nutrition is progressively increasing scientific discipline being an important part of the field of sports medicine. Competition and training nutrition strategies that focus on sufficient macronutrient intake and ergogenic aids to promote energy availability and delay determinants of fatigue are currently based on sound scientific evidence. The aim of the review is to analyze the guidelines for exercise and sport nutrition published by the American College of Sport Nutrition (ACSM) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in the period before and after 2010. Energy availability (EA), relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S), carbohydrate feeding during exercise (such as a mouth rinse and multitransportable carbohydrate feeding during long term exercise) and eventually “trainlow, compete high“ nutrition strategy intentionally manipulating with carbohydrate availability have been identified as novel and innovative. Sport nutrition recommendations issued by well-respected scientific authorities are currently revised according to the above mentioned topics and are now well accepted even by athletes.
Ultralow Velocity Zone Locations: A Global Assessment
Authors: Yu Shule , Garnero Edward J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe have compiled all previous ultralow velocity zone (ULVZ) studies, and digitized their core‐mantle boundary (CMB) sampling locations. For studies that presented sampling locations based on infinite frequency ray theory, we approximated Fresnel zones onto a 0.5° × 0.5° grid. Results for these studies were separated according to wave type: (1) core‐reflected phases, which have a single location of ULVZ sampling (ScS, ScP, PcP), (2) core waves that can sample ULVZs at the core entrance and exit locations of the wave (e.g., SPdKS, PKKP, and PKP), and (3) waves which have uncertainties of ULVZ location due to long CMB sampling paths, e.g., diffracted energy sampling over a broad region (Pdiff, Sdiff). For studies that presented specific modeled ULVZ geographical shapes or PKP scatter probability maps, we digitized the regions. We present summary maps of the ULVZ coverage, as well as published locations arguing against ULVZ presence. A key finding is that there is not a simple mapping between lowermost mantle reduced tomographic velocities and observed ULVZ locations, especially given the presence of ULVZs outside of lowermost mantle large low velocity provinces (LLVPs). Significant location uncertainty exists for some of the ULVZ imaging wave types. Nonetheless, this compilation supports a compositionally distinct origin for at least some ULVZs. ULVZs are more likely to be found near LLVP boundaries, however, their relationship to overlying surface locations of hot spots are less obvious. The new digital ULVZ database is freely available for download.
Computational Chemistry‐Guided Design of Selective Chemoresponsive Liquid Crystals Using Pyridine and Pyrimidine Functional Groups
Authors: Yu Huaizhe , Szilvási Tibor , Rai Prabin , Twieg Robert J. , Mavrikakis Manos , Abbott Nicholas L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractComputational chemistry‐guided designs of chemoresponsive liquid crystals (LCs) with pyridine or pyrimidine groups that bind to metal‐cation‐functionalized surfaces to provide improved selective responses to targeted vapor species (dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP)) over nontargeted species (water) are reported. The LC designs against experiments are tested by synthesizing 4‐(4‐pentyl‐phenyl)‐pyridine and 5‐(4‐pentyl‐phenyl)‐pyrimidine and quantifying LC responses to DMMP and water. Consistent with the computations, pyridine‐containing LCs bind to metal‐cation‐functionalized surfaces too strongly to permit a response to either DMMP or water whereas pyrimidine‐containing LCs undergo a surface‐driven orientational transition in response to DMMP without interference from water. The computation predictions are not strongly dependent on assumptions regarding the degree of coordination of the metal ions but are limited in their ability to predict LC responses when using cations with mostly empty d orbitals. Overall, this work identifies a promising new class of chemoresponsive LCs based on pyrimidine that exhibits enhanced tolerance to water, a result that is important because water is a ubiquitous and particularly challenging chemical interferent in chemical sensing strategies based on LCs. The work also provides further evidence of the transformative utility of computational chemistry methods to design LC materials that exhibit selective orientational responses in specific chemical environments.
Biodegradable Electronic Systems in 3D, Heterogeneously Integrated Formats
Authors: Chang Jan‐Kai , Chang Hui‐Ping , Guo Qinglei , Koo Jahyun , Wu Chih‐I , Rogers John A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBiodegradable electronic systems represent an emerging class of technology with unique application possibilities, from temporary biomedical implants to “green” consumer gadgets. This paper introduces materials and processing methods for 3D, heterogeneously integrated devices of this type, with various functional examples in sophisticated forms of silicon‐based electronics. Specifically, techniques for performing multilayer assembly by transfer printing and for fabricating layer‐to‐layer vias and interconnects by lithographic procedures serve as routes to biodegradable, 3D integrated circuits composed of functional building blocks formed using specialized approaches or sourced from commercial semiconductor foundries. Demonstration examples range from logic gates and analog circuits that undergo functional transformation by transience to systems that integrate multilayer resistive sensors for in situ, continuous electrical monitoring of the processes of transience. The results significantly expand the scope of engineering options for biodegradable electronics and other types of transient microsystem technologies.
VO2/TiN Plasmonic Thermochromic Smart Coatings for Room‐Temperature Applications
Authors: Hao Qi , Li Wan , Xu Huiyan , Wang Jiawei , Yin Yin , Wang Huaiyu , Ma Libo , Ma Fei , Jiang Xuchuan , Schmidt Oliver G. , Chu Paul K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVanadium dioxide/titanium nitride (VO2/TiN) smart coatings are prepared by hybridizing thermochromic VO2 with plasmonic TiN nanoparticles. The VO2/TiN coatings can control infrared (IR) radiation dynamically in accordance with the ambient temperature and illumination intensity. It blocks IR light under strong illumination at 28 °C but is IR transparent under weak irradiation conditions or at a low temperature of 20 °C. The VO2/TiN coatings exhibit a good integral visible transmittance of up to 51% and excellent IR switching efficiency of 48% at 2000 nm. These unique advantages make VO2/TiN promising as smart energy‐saving windows.
Efficient, Hysteresis‐Free, and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with ZnO as Electron‐Transport Layer: Effect of Surface Passivation
Authors: Cao Jing , Wu Binghui , Chen Ruihao , Wu Youyunqi , Hui Yong , Mao Bing‐Wei , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has ascended from 3.8% to 22.1% in recent years. ZnO has been well‐documented as an excellent electron‐transport material. However, the poor chemical compatibility between ZnO and organo‐metal halide perovskite makes it highly challenging to obtain highly efficient and stable PSCs using ZnO as the electron‐transport layer. It is demonstrated in this work that the surface passivation of ZnO by a thin layer of MgO and protonated ethanolamine (EA) readily makes ZnO as a very promising electron‐transporting material for creating hysteresis‐free, efficient, and stable PSCs. Systematic studies in this work reveal several important roles of the modification: (i) MgO inhibits the interfacial charge recombination, and thus enhances cell performance and stability; (ii) the protonated EA promotes the effective electron transport from perovskite to ZnO, further fully eliminating PSCs hysteresis; (iii) the modification makes ZnO compatible with perovskite, nicely resolving the instability of ZnO/perovskite interface. With all these findings, PSCs with the best efficiency up to 21.1% and no hysteresis are successfully fabricated. PSCs stable in air for more than 300 h are achieved when graphene is used to further encapsulate the cells.
Realizing zT of 2.3 in Ge1−x−ySbxInyTe via Reducing the Phase‐Transition Temperature and Introducing Resonant Energy Doping
Authors: Hong Min , Chen Zhi‐Gang , Yang Lei , Zou Yi‐Chao , Dargusch Matthew S. , Wang Hao , Zou Jin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGeTe with rhombohedral‐to‐cubic phase transition is a promising lead‐free thermoelectric candidate. Herein, theoretical studies reveal that cubic GeTe has superior thermoelectric behavior, which is linked to (1) the two valence bands to enhance the electronic transport coefficients and (2) stronger enharmonic phonon–phonon interactions to ensure a lower intrinsic thermal conductivity. Experimentally, based on Ge1−xSbxTe with optimized carrier concentration, a record‐high figure‐of‐merit of 2.3 is achieved via further doping with In, which induces the distortion of the density of states near the Fermi level. Moreover, Sb and In codoping reduces the phase‐transition temperature to extend the better thermoelectric behavior of cubic GeTe to low temperature. Additionally, electronic microscopy characterization demonstrates grain boundaries, a high‐density of stacking faults, and nanoscale precipitates, which together with the inevitable point defects result in a dramatically decreased thermal conductivity. The fundamental investigation and experimental demonstration provide an important direction for the development of high‐performance Pb‐free thermoelectric materials.
A Hierarchical Z‑Scheme α‐Fe2O3/g‐C3N4 Hybrid for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Jiang Zhifeng , Wan Weiming , Li Huaming , Yuan Shouqi , Zhao Huijun , Wong Po Keung 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe challenge in the artificial photosynthesis of fossil resources from CO2 by utilizing solar energy is to achieve stable photocatalysts with effective CO2 adsorption capacity and high charge‐separation efficiency. A hierarchical direct Z‐scheme system consisting of urchin‐like hematite and carbon nitride provides an enhanced photocatalytic activity of reduction of CO2 to CO, yielding a CO evolution rate of 27.2 µmol g−1 h−1 without cocatalyst and sacrifice reagent, which is >2.2 times higher than that produced by g‐C3N4 alone (10.3 µmol g−1 h−1). The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the Z‐scheme hybrid material can be ascribed to its unique characteristics to accelerate the reduction process, including: (i) 3D hierarchical structure of urchin‐like hematite and preferable basic sites which promotes the CO2 adsorption, and (ii) the unique Z‐scheme feature efficiently promotes the separation of the electron–hole pairs and enhances the reducibility of electrons in the conduction band of the g‐C3N4. The origin of such an obvious advantage of the hierarchical Z‐scheme is not only explained based on the experimental data but also investigated by modeling CO2 adsorption and CO adsorption on the three different atomic‐scale surfaces via density functional theory calculation. The study creates new opportunities for hierarchical hematite and other metal‐oxide‐based Z‐scheme system for solar fuel generation.
High‐Performance Volatile Organic Compounds Microsensor Based on Few‐Layer MoS2‐Coated Photonic Crystal Cavity
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Gan Xuetao , Yuan Qingchen , Hu Siqi , Fang Liang , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDetection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is extremely important for industrial and human safety. Here, a high‐performance optical microsensor is demonstrated for VOCs detection using a photonic crystal (PC) cavity integrated with a few‐layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) flake. Because of the strong interactions between the cavity's evanescent field and the coated VOCs‐sensitive MoS2 layer, the resonant wavelength of the PC cavity exhibits distinct responses toward VOCs. The MoS2‐PC cavity microsensor presents good capability to identify different vapor concentrations and has a good repeatability. In particular, the compact structure, thin MoS2 flake and possible presence of chemisorption with oxygen‐containing VOCs species promise a fast response time of 300 ms. The sensor's high selectivity for specific VOCs is validated as well. Comparing to the electrically driven VOCs‐sensors based on 2D layered materials, the proposed sensor has advantages of compact size, easy fabrication, mass production, and simply optical access.
Microscale Lithium Metal Stored inside Cellular Graphene Scaffold toward Advanced Metallic Lithium Anodes
Authors: Deng Wei , Zhou Xufeng , Fang Qile , Liu Zhaoping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe volume expansion and dendrite growth of metallic Li anode during charge/discharge processes hinder its practical application in energy storage. Seeking an appropriate host for distributing bulk Li in a 3D manner is an effective way to solve these problems. Here, a novel porous graphene scaffold with cellular chambers for incorporating Li metal is presented. Using such a unique host, ultrathin Li layers of 3 µm in thickness are anchored on graphene to form porous microstructures, which provides much more reaction sites for Li ions compared with that of bulk Li, significantly promoting the reversibility of Li stripping and plating. Also the high current density can be effectively dissipated by the graphene scaffold to remarkably improve the rate capability of Li anode. The symmetrical Li cell using such a Li anode can run stably for 200 cycles at 5 mA cm−2 and even 70 cycles at 10 mA cm−2 in an unmodified carbonate‐based electrolyte, which has rarely been achieved in such aggressive working conditions. Lithium‐ion capacitor cells using this anode also show outstanding rate capability and cycling stability, which can work at an ultrahigh current density of 30 A g−1 and keep steady for over 4000 cycles at 3.75 A g−1.
Virtual simulation of a late antique shipwreck at Marzamemi, Sicily: Integrated processes for 3D documentation, analysis and representation of underwater archaeological data
Authors: Repola Leopoldo , Scotto di Carlo Nicola , Signoretti Daniela , Leidwanger Justin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) models derived from digital survey techniques have increasingly become a mainstay of archaeological research and cultural heritage management. The high accuracy of such modelling makes it an attractive solution for a wide range of challenges from site recording and interpretation to object analysis and reconstruction. The present paper focuses on a new 3D digitization method using stereoscopic video for the documentation, analysis, and representation of archaeological contexts as part of shipwreck investigations off southeast Sicily at Marzamemi. This sixth‐century ce vessel sank in shallow water (7–8 m) while carrying a massive cargo of largely prefabricated architectural elements intended for the construction and decoration of a church somewhere in the late antique west. This dynamic site presents significant challenges to the interpretation of depositional and post‐depositional events as well the reconstruction of the original cargo and individual architectural elements. Therefore, 3D documentation underwater at Marzamemi has centred on new methods for stereoscopic scanning of the site, topography, and large architectural finds, allowing not only more rapid and precise mapping but insights into site formation processes and the organizational mechanisms behind the cargo assemblage. The adoption of this new system based on a precise workflow and simple, inexpensive hardware combined with readily available software allows more accurate and rapid digital recording underwater to a high standard across scales, from the site level down to the individual artefact. This process, named ISU3D (Integrated System for Underwater 3D Digitization), offers innovative solutions not only for archaeological field research but for heritage management and public outreach.
Small area estimation of proportions with different levels of auxiliary data
Authors: Chandra Hukum , Kumar Sushil , Aditya Kaustav 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBinary data are often of interest in many small areas of applications. The use of standard small area estimation methods based on linear mixed models becomes problematic for such data. An empirical plug‐in predictor (EPP) under a unit‐level generalized linear mixed model with logit link function is often used for the estimation of a small area proportion. However, this EPP requires the availability of unit‐level population information for auxiliary data that may not be always accessible. As a consequence, in many practical situations, this EPP approach cannot be applied. Based on the level of auxiliary information available, different small area predictors for estimation of proportions are proposed. Analytic and bootstrap approaches to estimating the mean squared error of the proposed small area predictors are also developed. Monte Carlo simulations based on both simulated and real data show that the proposed small area predictors work well for generating the small area estimates of proportions and represent a practical alternative to the above approach. The developed predictor is applied to generate estimates of the proportions of indebted farm households at district‐level using debt investment survey data from India.
Evaluating the effects of rater and subject factors on measures of association
Authors: Nelson Kerrie P. , Mitani Aya A. , Edwards Don 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLarge‐scale agreement studies are becoming increasingly common in medical settings to gain better insight into discrepancies often observed between experts' classifications. Ordered categorical scales are routinely used to classify subjects' disease and health conditions. Summary measures such as Cohen's weighted kappa are popular approaches for reporting levels of association for pairs of raters' ordinal classifications. However, in large‐scale studies with many raters, assessing levels of association can be challenging due to dependencies between many raters each grading the same sample of subjects' results and the ordinal nature of the ratings. Further complexities arise when the focus of a study is to examine the impact of rater and subject characteristics on levels of association. In this paper, we describe a flexible approach based upon the class of generalized linear mixed models to assess the influence of rater and subject factors on association between many raters' ordinal classifications. We propose novel model‐based measures for large‐scale studies to provide simple summaries of association similar to Cohen's weighted kappa while avoiding prevalence and marginal distribution issues that Cohen's weighted kappa is susceptible to. The proposed summary measures can be used to compare association between subgroups of subjects or raters. We demonstrate the use of hypothesis tests to formally determine if rater and subject factors have a significant influence on association, and describe approaches for evaluating the goodness‐of‐fit of the proposed model. The performance of the proposed approach is explored through extensive simulation studies and is applied to a recent large‐scale cancer breast cancer screening study.
Ultrasensitive detection of Shiga toxin 2 and its variants in Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli strains by a time‐resolved fluorescence immunoassay
Authors: Wen Tian , Huang Chao , Zhang Yi , Zeng Xiaoyan , Liu Wendong , Jiao Zhenbang , Guo Xiling , Jiao Yongjun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA rapid and sensitive two‐step time‐resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) was developed for the detection of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) and its variants in Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains. In sandwich mode, a monoclonal antibody against Stx2 was coated on a microtiter plate as a capture antibody. A tracer antibody against Stx2 labeled with europium(III) (Eu3+) chelate was then used as a detector, followed by fluorescence measurements using time‐resolved fluorescence. The sensitivity of Stx2 detection was 0.038 ng/ml (dynamic range, 0.1–1000 ng/ml). The intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation of the assay were 3.2% and 3.6%, respectively. The performance of the established assay was evaluated using culture supernatants of STEC strains, and the results were compared to those of a common HRP (horseradish peroxidase) labeling immunosorbent assay. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of genes encoding Stx1 and Stx2 was used as the reference for comparison. Correlation between the Stx2‐specific TRFIA and PCR was calculated by the use of kappa statics, exhibiting a perfect level of agreement. The availability of the sensitive and reliable Stx2‐specific TRFIA method for quantifying Stx2 and its variants in STEC strains will complement bacteria isolation‐based platform and aid in the accurate and prompt diagnosis of STEC infections.
Estimation of Methane Yields in Continuous Biogas Reactors Using Kinetic and Mass Flow Models
Authors: Ward Alastair James , Feng Lu , Moset Veronica , Moller Henrik Bjarne 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe measurement of methane potential during anaerobic digestion has generally been accomplished through batch assays. Yet, the majority of industrial plants employ a semi‐continuous feeding regime and the estimation of continuous process yield from batch data is not straightforward due to differences in kinetic rates. A simple method is examined whereby batch assays were set up with very high inoculum‐to‐substrate ratios (I:S) and the results applied to a model of mass flow through a continuous process. The results demonstrate that high I:S batch assays estimated the continuous process yield to within 2.5 % of the measured value.