bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incremental validity of weight suppression in predicting clinical impairment in bulimic syndromes
Authors: Hagan Kelsey E. , Clark Kelsey E. , Forbush Kelsie T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractResearch has shown that weight suppression (WS; the difference between a person's highest and current body weight in pounds) is a robust predictor of weight gain and eating‐disorder (ED) symptoms among individuals with bulimic syndromes. Given the important prognostic role that WS plays in ED course and outcome, we hypothesized that WS would represent a clinically useful indicator of impairment for bulimic syndromes. We further posited that WS would demonstrate incremental validity above‐and‐beyond other proposed indicators in explaining clinical impairment in bulimic syndromes. Participants were community‐recruited adults (N = 101; 80.2% female) with full‐threshold (n = 51) or subthreshold (n = 50) bulimia nervosa. Other indicators of impairment included body mass index, frequency of inappropriate compensatory behaviors, lifetime history of any internalizing disorder, and multiple purging. Clinical impairment was assessed with the clinical impairment assessment (CIA). Hierarchical linear regression tested whether WS added to the explanation of CIA score variance above‐and‐beyond other indicators of bulimic‐syndrome impairment. WS was significantly associated with clinical impairment (p = .011), but did not demonstrate incremental validity over other independent variables in predicting CIA scores. WS explained an additional 1.7% of the variance in CIA scores above‐and‐beyond other variables and the independent effect of WS on CIA scores represented a medium‐sized effect (Cohen's d = 0.521). Results suggested that WS may be an indicator of ED‐related clinical impairment. Inquiring about WS could be an informative component of routine bulimic‐syndrome assessment, given that WS explains some of the variance in clinical impairment in bulimic syndromes.
Synthesis of bare and functionalized porous adsorbent materials for CO2 capture
Authors: Olajire Abass A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe ever‐increasing demand for nanostructured composite materials and sustainable processes for next generation CO2 capture technologies has necessitated the need to develop novel and cost‐effective synthetic routes for CO2 adsorbents based on amine and ionic liquid functionalized porous adsorbent materials with improved physico‐chemical properties. The most obvious option is modification of the synthesized porous adsorbent materials by the incorporation of organic functional molecules into the pore structures of support materials, giving place to hybrid materials that combine the properties of both composites. These hybrid materials will be of great potential for practical applications, especially for post‐combustion CO2 capture, owing to the increase in CO2 capturing ability and selectivity to CO2 compared to other gases in the flue gas stream. This paper reviews the diverse synthesis routes of bare porous materials and rich functionalities of porous adsorbent materials which will allow further post‐modification to improve their performance in CO2 capture and increase their CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity ratios. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Presence of early stage cancer does not impair the early protein metabolic response to major surgery
Authors: Engelen Mariëlle P.K.J. , Klimberg V. Suzanne , Allasia Arianna , Deutz Nicolaas EP 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundCombined bilateral mastectomy and reconstruction is a common major surgical procedure in women with breast cancer and in those with a family history of breast cancer. As this large surgical procedure induces muscle protein loss, a preserved anabolic response to nutrition is warranted for optimal recovery. It is unclear whether the presence of early stage cancer negatively affects the protein metabolic response to major surgery as this would mandate perioperative nutritional support.MethodsIn nine women with early stage (Stage II) breast malignancy and nine healthy women with a genetic predisposition to breast cancer undergoing the same large surgical procedure, we examined whether surgery influences the catabolic response to overnight fasting and the anabolic response to nutrition differently. Prior to and within 24 h after combined bilateral mastectomy and reconstruction surgery, whole body protein synthesis and breakdown rates were assessed after overnight fasting and after meal intake by stable isotope methodology to enable the calculation of net protein catabolism in the post‐absorptive state and net protein anabolic response to a meal.ResultsMajor surgery resulted in an up‐regulation of post‐absorptive protein synthesis and breakdown rates (P < 0.001) and lower net protein catabolism (P < 0.05) and was associated with insulin resistance and increased systemic inflammation (P < 0.01). Net anabolic response to the meal was reduced after surgery (P < 0.05) but higher in cancer (P < 0.05) indicative of a more preserved meal efficiency. The significant relationship between net protein anabolism and the amount of amino acids available in the circulation (R2 = 0.85, P < 0.001) was independent of the presence of non‐cachectic early stage breast cancer or surgery.ConclusionsThe presence of early stage breast cancer does not enhance the normal catabolic response to major surgery or further attenuates the anabolic response to meal intake within 24 h after major surgery in patients with non‐cachectic breast cancer. This indicates that the acute anabolic potential to conventional feeding is maintained in non‐cachectic early stage breast cancer after major surgery.
Three months of Western diet induces small intestinal mucosa alteration in TLR KO mice
Authors: Sardi Claudia , Luchini Patrizia , Emanuelli Andrea , Giannoni Amedeo , Martini Elisa , Manara Lucia M , Sfondrini Lucia , Kallikourdis Marinos , Sommariva Michele , Rumio Cristiano 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSeveral studies support the role of Western‐style diet (WD) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Toll‐like receptors/NOD‐like receptors (TLRs/NLRs) are important to maintain a healthy epithelium as well as inducing inflammation. Given that dietary factors influence IBD development, that epithelial dysfunction is thought to be involved in initiating intestinal inflammation and that TLR‐NLR are involved in maintenance of the functionality of intestinal epithelium as well as in regulating inflammation, we decided to examine the role of TLR signals in the triggering events that lead to alteration of the small intestinal epithelium associated to consumption of WD. C57BL/6J mice deficient for TLR2, 4, 9, or NOD2 and wild‐type (WT) were fed a WD or a standard diet for 3 months. The effects of WD on small intestinal samples were evaluated by histological and immunohistochemical analysis. After 3 months, WD modifies the morphology and the organization of the small intestine in TLR9 KO mice compared with WT mice and the others TLRs. The most interesting change involved the expression of proliferative and differentiation markers of WNT signaling, Ki67 and FzD5. Mice deficient in TLR2, 4, and NOD2 have a significant reduction in the proliferative cell numbers but do not show any signs of histological alterations. Our results suggest that TLR9 is an important protective factor in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and provide new insights into an unrecognized role of TLR9 signaling in the small intestinal mucosa dysfunction associated with WD.
Alternative with a Future
Authors: Raykis Oleg 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIf you are looking for Susanna Friedel & Klaus Stolberg: Femtosecond Laser Micro Milling Using Special Trepanning Optics, Laser Tech. J. 14 (2), April 2017, pp. 24–27, please click here: 10.1002/latj.201700010.The threat of a ban on hard chrome plating of metal components from the beginning of September 2017 in Europe has led to the development of new coating technologies and systems. Thermal spraying, which is already an established industrial process scores with its high flexibility, but for many applications, the quality of the created protected coatings remains insufficient. A real alternative for hard chrome plating is extreme high‐speed laser metal deposition, which was developed by Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, ILT, with components from Laserline.
Polyelectrolyte Oil‐Core Nanocarriers for Localized and Sustained Delivery of Daunorubicin to Colon Carcinoma MC38 Cells: The Case of Polysaccharide Multilayer Film in Relation to PEG‐ylated Shell
Authors: Bazylińska Urszula , Pietkiewicz Jadwiga , Rossowska Joanna , Chodaczek Grzegorz , Gamian Andrzej , Wilk Kazimiera A. 
Published: January 2017

The authors examine properties of daunorubicin (DNR)‐loaded oil‐core multilayer nanocapsules prepared via layer‐by‐layer approach with different polyelectrolyte (PE) coatings such as a standard one (containing polysodium 4‐styrenesulphonate/poly(diallyldimethyl‐ammonium) chloride) and a polysaccharide‐based shell (dextran/chitosan), in regard to the outer layer of poly‐l‐glutamic acid (PGA) grafted with polyethylene glycol (PGA‐g‐PEG). The nanocarriers are obtained on a cationic nanoemulsion template (stabilized by dicephalic‐type surfactant, N,N‐bis[3,30‐(trimethylammonio)propyl]‐dodecanamide dimethylsulfate) and layered with the PE shell of different thicknesses resulting in average size of 150 nm in diameter (as shown by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and cryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy). The nanocapsules demonstrate efficient DNR encapsulation and its sustained release under physiological conditions or in the attendance of human serum albumin. The biocompatibility studies using colon carcinoma MC38 and macrophage P388D1 cell lines as well as human erythrocytes reveal that surface charge and outer PE layer type determine nanocarrier features that control their biological activity: protein adsorption, cellular internalization and localization, induction of apoptosis, and hemolytic activity. The investigations indicate that polysaccharide‐coated nanocapsules present a considerable potential for application as efficient DNR delivery systems in chemotherapy of colon cancer as an alternative to nanocarriers with PEG‐ylated shell.
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Design and Fabrication of Fibrous Nanomaterials Using Pull Spinning
Authors: Deravi Leila F. , Sinatra Nina R. , Chantre Christophe O. , Nesmith Alexander P. , Yuan Hongyan , Deravi Sahm K. , Goss Josue A. , MacQueen Luke A. , Badrossamy Mohammad R. , Gonzalez Grant M. , Phillips Michael D. , Parker Kevin Kit 
Published: January 2017

The assembly of natural and synthetic polymers into fibrous nanomaterials has applications ranging from textiles, tissue engineering, photonics, and catalysis. However, rapid manufacturing of these materials is challenging, as the state of the art in nanofiber assembly remains limited by factors such as solution polarity, production rate, applied electric fields, or temperature. Here, the design and development of a rapid nanofiber manufacturing system termed pull spinning is described. Pull spinning is compact and portable, consisting of a high‐speed rotating bristle that dips into a polymer or protein reservoir and pulls a droplet from solution into a nanofiber. When multiple layers of nanofibers are collected, they form a nonwoven network whose composition, orientation, and function can be adapted to multiple applications. The capability of pull spinning to function as a rapid, point‐of‐use fiber manufacturing platform is demonstrated for both muscle tissue engineering and textile design.image
Discordance in selected designee for return of genomic findings in the event of participant death and estate executor
Authors: Goodman Jessie L. , Amendola Laura M. , Horike‐Pyne Martha , Trinidad Susan B. , Fullerton Stephanie M. , Burke Wylie , Jarvik Gail P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundLegal and ethical questions arise regarding disseminating genetic research results to family members in the event of a research participant's death; failure to return or return to legal next of kin or estate executor may not reflect participant desires. We sought to determine participant preferences for whether and to whom they would like their data released in the case of their death prior to receiving genomic results, focusing on whether the person selected was also their estate executor.MethodsThe University of Washington NEXT Medicine Study of the Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research program previously reported participant preferences regarding designating an individual to receive genomic results in the event of death, including whether they want results shared, and if so, with what person. Participants were also asked whether this designee is executor of their will or estate.ResultsTo date, 61 individuals were asked about the concordance of their study designee and legal representative: 42 (69%) reported having a will or estate plan and of these, 14 (33%) chose someone other than their executor to receive their results. For the 14 who chose someone other than their estate executor to receive genetic results, 12 (86%) chose a family member, typically a biological relative, as their designee. Those with a different genomic designee than their executor were less likely to be partnered (P = 0.0024). For those partnered participants without an estate plan, spouses were not always chosen for return of genomic results.ConclusionFor one‐third of our participants, the individual deemed most appropriate by the participant to receive their genomic results was not the executor. In the absence of an explicit designation, HIPAA may prohibit access to genomic results to persons other than the executor; hence asking for designation at the time of study enrollment (or initiation of clinical testing) is important.
Software platform for simulation of a prototype proton CT scanner
Authors: Giacometti Valentina , Bashkirov Vladimir A. , Piersimoni Pierluigi , Guatelli Susanna , Plautz Tia E. , Sadrozinski Hartmut F.‐W. , Johnson Robert P. , Zatserklyaniy Andriy , Tessonnier Thomas , Parodi Katia , Rosenfeld Anatoly B. , Schulte Reinhard W. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeProton computed tomography (pCT) is a promising imaging technique to substitute or at least complement x‐ray CT for more accurate proton therapy treatment planning as it allows calculating directly proton relative stopping power from proton energy loss measurements. A proton CT scanner with a silicon‐based particle tracking system and a five‐stage scintillating energy detector has been completed. In parallel a modular software platform was developed to characterize the performance of the proposed pCT.MethodThe modular pCT software platform consists of (1) a Geant4‐based simulation modeling the Loma Linda proton therapy beam line and the prototype proton CT scanner, (2) water equivalent path length (WEPL) calibration of the scintillating energy detector, and (3) image reconstruction algorithm for the reconstruction of the relative stopping power (RSP) of the scanned object. In this work, each component of the modular pCT software platform is described and validated with respect to experimental data and benchmarked against theoretical predictions. In particular, the RSP reconstruction was validated with both experimental scans, water column measurements, and theoretical calculations.ResultsThe results show that the pCT software platform accurately reproduces the performance of the existing prototype pCT scanner with a RSP agreement between experimental and simulated values to better than 1.5%.ConclusionsThe validated platform is a versatile tool for clinical proton CT performance and application studies in a virtual setting. The platform is flexible and can be modified to simulate not yet existing versions of pCT scanners and higher proton energies than those currently clinically available.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant spacecraft attitude control using a novel integral terminal sliding mode
Authors: Gui Haichao , Vukovich George 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe attitude tracking of a rigid spacecraft is approached in the presence of uncertain inertias, unknown disturbances, and sudden actuator faults. First, a novel integral terminal sliding mode (ITSM) is designed such that the sliding motion realizes the action of a quaternion‐based nonlinear proportional‐derivative controller. More precisely, on the ITSM, the attitude dynamics behave equivalently to an uncertainty‐free system, and finite‐time convergence of the tracking error is achieved almost globally. A basic ITSM controller is then designed to ensure the ITSM from onset when an upper bound on the system uncertainties is known. Further, to remove this requirement, adaptive techniques are employed to compensate for the uncertainties, and the resultant adaptive ITSM controller stabilizes the system states to a small neighborhood around the sliding surface in finite time. The proposed schemes avoid the singularity intrinsic to terminal sliding mode‐based controllers and the unwinding phenomenon associated with some quaternion‐based controllers. Numerical examples demonstrate the advantageous features of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Daylighting Design Strategies on Social Sustainability Through the Built Environment
Authors: Zarghami Esmaeil , Fatourehchi Dorsa , Karamloo Mohammad 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDespite the recent trends toward sustainable architecture, the concept of social sustainability has not been practically addressed through design strategies. This paper aims to address this disparity through an investigation of daylighting design strategies and situate social sustainability aspects related to the built environment in Iranian traditional four‐season courtyard houses in a hot and arid region. The methods of the investigation are based on a qualitative and quantitative approach to infuse theories of social sustainability aspects into practice. Results show that daylighting design strategies in these houses were implemented based on a human‐centered design with a careful attention to social sustainability aspects in the built environment context. Findings can be considered in designing contemporary housing with a similar cultural and climatic response. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
An image edge based approach for image password encryption
Authors: Sreelaja N. K. , Sreeja N. K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAuthentication plays a major role in ensuring the security of the system by allowing only the authorized user. The traditional authentication system of using text‐based passwords has many flaws in the aspects of usability and security issues. Hence, graphical passwords, which consist of clicking or dragging activities on the pictures rather than typing textual characters, were introduced to overcome this problem. However, it is found that these graphical passwords are susceptible to brute force and dictionary attack methods. To overcome this drawback, images can be used as password replacing alphanumeric and graphical passwords. The challenge lies in encrypting the image password and storing it in the database. An image edge password encryption (IEPE) algorithm is proposed to encrypt the image passwords based on its edge values. Experimental results are shown to prove that encrypted image passwords using IEPE algorithm requires a less internal storage space when compared with the existing password encryption techniques. It is also shown that IEPE algorithm scales better when compared with the existing text‐based and graphical password authentication methods. Also, IEPE algorithm is shown to resist various password cryptanalytic attacks. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Citizen science and community‐based rain monitoring initiatives: an interdisciplinary approach across sociology and water science
Authors: Tipaldo Giuseppe , Allamano Paola 
Published: January 2017

Why do people engage in citizen science projects? The aim of this contribution is to explore the social mechanisms that push nonexperts (i.e., citizens) to invest energy, time, and (sometimes) money in collaborative initiatives on the ground of scientific research. Some relevant examples from the domain of community‐based rain measuring are scrutinized, merging the views of a water scientist and a social scientist. After briefly discussing the limits of outdated approaches to science‐technology‐society issues, social identity theory and new media mechanisms are analyzed as key variables to understand what is new in today's science coming across citizenship. A discussion on the importance of accounting for the uncertainty inherent with the observations coming from crowdsourcing initiatives, possibly the most challenging side effect of what we call Citizen Science 2.0, closes the paper. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1200. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1200This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Methods
Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
A program analysis framework for
tccp
based on abstract interpretation
Authors: Comini Marco , Gallardo María-del-Mar , Titolo Laura , Villanueva Alicia 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

The timed concurrent constraint language (
tccp
) is a timed extension of the concurrent constraint paradigm.
tccp
was defined to model reactive systems, where infinite behaviors arise naturally. In previous works, a semantic framework and abstract diagnosis method for the language have been defined. On the basis of that semantic framework, this paper proposes an abstract semantics that, together with a widening operator, is suitable for the definition of different analyses for
tccp
programs. The abstract semantics is correct and can be represented as a finite graph where each node represents a hypothetical (abstract) computational step of the program. The widening operator allows us to guarantee the convergence of the abstract fixpoint computation.
Genetic and Epigenetic Intra‐tumour Heterogeneity in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jones Huw Geraint , Jenkins Gareth , Williams Namor , Griffiths Paul , Chambers Phil , Beynon John , Harris Dean 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroduction
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, with pathologically similar cancers having completely different responses to treatment and patient survival. Intra‐tumour heterogeneity (defined as distinct morphological and phenotypic differences) has recently been demonstrated to be an important factor in the development and behaviour of cancer cells and can be used to determine response to anticancer therapy.MethodPatients with resected CRC had DNA extracted from eight defined tumour areas which were analysed for two genetic mutations (BRAF and KRAS) and one epigenetic trait (CpG island methylator phenotype/CIMP). Normal adjacent tissue was studied as control.ResultsTwelve patients with CRC were included. Intra‐tumoural heterogeneity for KRAS mutation was seen in 2 patients (17%). There was no statistical evidence of CIMP status heterogeneity (p = 0.85), but 6 of the 12 patients (50%) demonstrated at least one heterogeneous area within the tumour.DiscussionIntra‐tumoural heterogeneity for both genetic and epigenetic factors in CRC is more prevalent than previously thought in Stage II and Stage III CRC. This study provides new insight into epigenetic heterogeneity of CRC and supports the development of a more targeted biopsy strategy to support expansion of personalised treatment.