bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eukaryotic diversity in late Pleistocene marine sediments around a shallow methane hydrate deposit in the Japan Sea
Authors: Kouduka M. , Tanabe A. S. , Yamamoto S. , Yanagawa K. , Nakamura Y. , Akiba F. , Tomaru H. , Toju H. , Suzuki Y. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMarine sediments contain eukaryotic DNA deposited from overlying water columns. However, a large proportion of deposited eukaryotic DNA is aerobically biodegraded in shallow marine sediments. Cold seep sediments are often anaerobic near the sediment–water interface, so eukaryotic DNA in such sediments is expected to be preserved. We investigated deeply buried marine sediments in the Japan Sea, where a methane hydrate deposit is associated with cold seeps. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed the reproducible recovery of eukaryotic DNA in marine sediments at depths up to 31.0 m in the vicinity of the methane hydrate deposit. In contrast, the reproducible recovery of eukaryotic DNA was limited to a shallow depth (8.3 m) in marine sediments not adjacent to the methane hydrate deposit in the same area. Pyrosequencing of an 18S rRNA gene variable region generated 1,276–3,307 reads per sample, which was sufficient to cover the biodiversity based on rarefaction curves. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the eukaryotic DNA originated from radiolarian genera of the class Chaunacanthida, which have SrSO4 skeletons, the sea grass genus Zostera, and the seaweed genus Sargassum. Eukaryotic DNA originating from other planktonic fauna and land plants was also detected. Diatom sequences closely related to Thalassiosira spp., indicative of cold climates, were obtained from sediments deposited during the last glacial period (MIS‐2). Plant sequences of the genera Alnus, Micromonas, and Ulmus were found in sediments deposited during the warm interstadial period (MIS‐3). These results suggest the long‐term persistence of eukaryotic DNA from terrestrial and aquatic sources in marine sediments associated with cold seeps, and that the genetic information from eukaryotic DNA from deeply buried marine sediments associated with cold seeps can be used to reconstruct environments and ecosystems from the past.
Land use for animal production in global change studies: Defining and characterizing a framework
Authors: Phelps Leanne N. , Kaplan Jed O. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLand use for animal production influences the earth system in a variety of ways, including local‐scale modification to biodiversity, soils, and nutrient cycling; regional changes in albedo and hydrology; and global‐scale changes in greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations. Pasture is furthermore the single most extensive form of land cover, currently comprising about 22–26% of the earth's ice‐free land surface. Despite the importance and variable expressions of animal production, distinctions among different systems are effectively absent from studies of land use and land cover change. This deficiency is improving; however, livestock production system classifications are rarely applied in this context, and the most popular global land cover inventories still present only a single, usually poorly defined category of “pasture” or “rangeland” with no characterization of land use. There is a marked lack of bottom‐up, evidence‐based methodology, creating a pressing need to incorporate cross‐disciplinary evidence of past and present animal production systems into global change studies. Here, we present a framework, modified from existing livestock production systems, that is rooted in sociocultural, socioeconomic, and ecological contexts. The framework defines and characterizes the range of land usage pertaining to animal production, and is suitable for application in land use inventories and scenarios, land cover modeling, and studies on sustainable land use in the past, present, and future.
Phase‐dependent radiation‐resistant behavior of BaTiO3: An in situ X‐ray diffraction study
Authors: Kumari Renu , Kulriya Pawan Kumar , Mishra Surubala , Kotari Vasundhara , Achary Srungarpu N. , Tyagi Avesh K. , Avasthi Devesh K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe radiation‐resistant response of BaTiO3 in the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases on exposure to 100 MeV Ag7+ ion irradiation was investigated by in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) at room temperature (300 K) and low temperature (25 K), respectively. This study revealed that the BaTiO3 in rhombohedral phase retained crystallinity up to an ion fluence of 1×1014 ions/cm2, whereas tetragonal phase amorphized at much lower fluence viz. 1×1013 ions/cm2. The in situ XRD along with Raman spectroscopy studies revealed that BaTiO3 in rhombohedral phase is more radiation resistant than that of tetragonal phase. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed higher bond strength of rhombohedral phase as compared to tetragonal phase, which supported the experimental result of higher radiation stability of rhombohedral phase. The theoretical predictions on high‐temperature phase will be of relevance to the nuclear waste applications.
Role of gut microbiota, bile acids and their cross‐talk in the effects of bariatric surgery on obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Liu Haijun , Hu Cheng , Zhang Xueli , Jia Weiping 
Published: April 2017

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, and has become one of the greatest threats to global health. Bariatric surgery was initially designed to achieve weight loss, and subsequently was noted to induce improvements or remission of type 2 diabetes. Currently, these bariatric operations, such as Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy, are the most effective procedures for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide. However, the specific mechanism mediating the beneficial effects of metabolic surgery has remained largely unknown. Those mechanical explanations, such as restriction and malabsorption, are challenged by accumulating evidence from human and animal models of these procedures, which points to the weight‐independent factors, such as hormones, bile acids, gut microbiota, nervous system and other potential underlying mechanisms. A growing body of evidence suggests that gut microbiota are associated with the development of several metabolic disorders, and bile acids and FXR signaling are important for the metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery. Given the close relationship between bacteria and bile acids, it is reasonable to propose that microbiota–bile acid interactions play a role in the mechanisms underlying the effects of metabolic surgery.
Repeated evolution of digital adhesion in geckos: a reply to Harrington and Reeder
Authors: Gamble T. , Greenbaum E. , Jackman T. R. , Russell A. P. , Bauer A. M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe published a phylogenetic comparative analysis that found geckos had gained and lost adhesive toepads multiple times over their long evolutionary history (Gambleet al.,PLoS One, 7, 2012, e39429). This was consistent with decades of morphological studies showing geckos had evolved adhesive toepads on multiple occasions and that the morphology of geckos with ancestrally padless digits can be distinguished from secondarily padless forms. Recently, Harrington & Reeder (J. Evol. Biol.,30, 2017, 313) reanalysed data from Gambleet al. (PLoS One, 7, 2012, e39429) and found little support for the multiple origins hypothesis. Here, we argue that Harrington and Reeder failed to take morphological evidence into account when devising ancestral state reconstruction models and that these biologically unrealistic models led to erroneous conclusions about the evolution of adhesive toepads in geckos.
Multimodal signalling in estrildid finches: song, dance and colour are associated with different ecological and life‐history traits
Authors: Gomes A. C. R. , Funghi C. , Soma M. , Sorenson M. D. , Cardoso G. C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSexual traits (e.g. visual ornaments, acoustic signals, courtship behaviour) are often displayed together as multimodal signals. Some hypotheses predict joint evolution of different sexual signals (e.g. to increase the efficiency of communication) or that different signals trade off with each other (e.g. due to limited resources). Alternatively, multiple signals may evolve independently for different functions, or to communicate different information (multiple message hypothesis). We evaluated these hypotheses with a comparative study in the family Estrildidae, one of the largest songbird radiations, and one that includes many model species for research in sexual selection and communication. We found little evidence for either joint evolution or trade‐offs between song and colour ornamentation. Some negative correlations between dance repertoire and song traits may suggest a functional compromise, but generally courtship dance also evolved independently from other signals. Instead of correlated evolution, we found that song, dance and colour are each related to different socio‐ecological traits. Song complexity evolved together with ecological generalism, song performance with investment in reproduction, dance with commonness and habitat type, whereas colour ornamentation was shown previously to correlate mostly with gregariousness. We conclude that multimodal signals evolve in response to various socio‐ecological traits, suggesting the accumulation of distinct signalling functions.
Effect of dietary supplementation of hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) on meat quality and egg fatty acid composition of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Yalcin H. , Konca Y. , Durmuscelebi F. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThis study was conducted in two separate experiments. Experiment I was conducted to investigate the effects of hemp seed (HS) on meat quality traits, and experiment II was designed to determine egg fatty acid (FA) composition in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). In experiment I and experiment II treatments, groups were as follows: (i) control (not included HS0), (ii) 5% HS inclusion to diets, (iii) 10% HS inclusion to diets and (iv) 20% HS inclusion to diets. In experiment I, a total of 192 7‐day‐old‐quail were fed with HS diets for 5 weeks, and end of the experiment I, a total of 64 quail (16 each) slaughtered and meat samples were analysed for meat colour, pH, cooking and thawing loss and FA composition. In experiment II, a total of 120 8‐week‐old laying quail were fed with experimental diets for 6 weeks and egg FA composition were determined. Breast meat cooking loss was significantly lower in 20% supplemented group (p < 0.01). Hemp seed inclusion to diets caused a linear and cubic increase in redness (a*) of hip meat (p < 0.01). Palmitoleic and oleic FAs were decreased with HS addition in breast meat (p < 0.05); however, linoleic and linolenic acid contents of meat were linearly increased (p < 0.01). In experiment II, the linoleic and linolenic FA contents of egg samples were linearly increased with increasing the dietary HS ratio (p < 0.01). Hemp seed addition was provided lower palmitoleic and oleic FAs in quail eggs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HS supplementation to quail diets may increase quail meat redness and meat and egg yolk omega‐3 FA content and decrease cooking loss of quail meats.
A phylogeographic investigation of the kelp genusLaminaria(Laminariales, Phaeophyceae), with emphasis on the South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Rothman Mark D. , Mattio Lydiane , Anderson Robert J. , Bolton John J 
Published: April 2017

The genusLaminariahas a wide distribution range compared with other kelp genera because it is found in both the North and the South Atlantic, on both sides of the North Pacific, as well as in the Mediterranean. Hypotheses behind this biogeographical pattern have been discussed by several authors but have not yet been fully evaluated with time‐calibrated phylogenies. Based on the analysis of four molecular markers (ITS2,rbcL,atp8 andtrnWI), our goal was to reassess theLaminariaspecies diversity in South Africa, assess its relationship with the other species distributed in the South Atlantic and reconstruct the historical biogeography of the genus. Our results confirm the occurrence of a single species,L. pallida, in southern Africa, and its sister relationship with the North AtlanticL. ochroleuca. Both species belonged to a clade containing the other South Atlantic species:L. abyssalisfrom Brazil, and the MediterraneanL. rodriguezii. Our time‐calibrated phylogenies suggest thatLaminariaoriginated in the northern Pacific around 25 mya, followed by at least two migration events through the Bering Strait after its opening (~5.32 mya). Today, the first is represented byL. solidungulain the Arctic, while the second gave rise to the rest of the Atlantic species. The colonization of the North Atlantic was followed by a gradual colonization southward along the west coast of Europe, into the Mediterranean (~2.07 mya) and two recent, but disconnected, migrations (~1.34 and 0.87 mya) across the equator, giving rise toL. abyssalisin Brazil andL. pallidain southern Africa, respectively.
Community‐weighted means and functional dispersion of plant functional traits along environmental gradients on Mount Kilimanjaro
Authors: Schellenberger Costa David , Gerschlauer Friederike , Pabst Holger , Kühnel Anna , Huwe Bernd , Kiese Ralf , Kuzyakov Yakov , Kleyer Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractQuestionsHow do community‐weighted means of traits (CWM) and functional dispersion (FDis), a measure of trait variability, change in response to gradients of temperature, precipitation, soil nutrients and disturbance? Is the decrease in trait similarity between plots continuous or discontinuous? Is species turnover between plots linked to trait turnover?LocationMount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, Africa.MethodsSixty plots were established in 12 major vegetation types on Mount Kilimanjaro, covering large gradients of temperature, precipitation, soil nutrients and anthropogenic disturbance representing the dominant ecosystems in East Africa. Environmental data, plant abundances and plant traits were recorded for each plot. Trait CWM and FDis were related to environmental factors with partial least squares regressions. Trait similarity between pairs of plots was assessed with a null model approach.ResultsBoth CWM and FDis of most traits responded strongly to environmental factors, particularly to precipitation and disturbance. FDis of traits associated with growth and reproduction mostly increased with temperature and precipitation, and decreased with disturbance. Pair‐wise plot comparisons revealed an inverse relationship of trait similarity with differences in temperature, precipitation and anthropogenic disturbance. However, changes in similarity were often discontinuous rather than continuous. Several vegetation types differed strongly in species composition but not in traits.ConclusionsTrait dispersion indicating functional niches increased with productivity and temperature. Conversely, low‐productivity conditions were characterized by trait convergence. Discontinuous changes in trait similarity between plots suggested tipping points at which trait expressions change strongly to adjust to environmental conditions. Large sections of the temperature gradient were characterized by species turnover with only minor changes in traits, indicating that the functional composition may be resilient to gradual environmental changes until a tipping point is reached.
Can targeted policies reduce obesity and improve obesity‐related behaviours in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations? A systematic review
Authors: Olstad D. L. , Ancilotto R. , Teychenne M. , Minaker L. M. , Taber D. R. , Raine K. D. , Nykiforuk C. I. J. , Ball K. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThis review synthesized evidence from controlled studies pertaining to the impact of targeted policies on anthropometric, dietary and physical activity outcomes amongst socioeconomically disadvantaged children and adults. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses‐Equity guidelines were followed. Eligible studies were published from 2004 to August 2015 and examined the impact of targeted policies on anthropometric, dietary and physical activity outcomes amongst socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Twenty articles (18 studies) were included. Eight studies examined organizational policies within multi‐component interventions in schools. Common elements of successful policy‐containing interventions included nutritional standards, enhancements to physical education, additional physical activity opportunities, school self‐assessments, and nutrition and physical activity education. Of the 10 studies of government policies, policies providing information/education and fruit and vegetable subsidies had positive impacts amongst children, but no impact amongst adults. Policies involving changes to built environments yielded nearly uniformly null findings in children and adults. Overall, the largest quantity of high‐quality evidence of effectiveness was for comprehensive interventions that included school policies, and government policies targeting disadvantaged children in schools. None of the government policies targeting disadvantaged adults proved effective. Interventions during childhood may ameliorate negative obesity‐related manifestations of socioeconomic disadvantage. Gaps in knowledge remain surrounding effective policies in adults, adolescents and very young children.
Mediators of socioeconomic differences in adiposity among youth: a systematic review
Authors: Gebremariam M. K. , Lien N. , Nianogo R. A. , Arah O. A. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundYouth with a low socioeconomic position in developed countries are at a disproportionately higher risk of being overweight or obese than their counterparts. Tackling these inequalities requires that the mechanisms behind them are well understood.ObjectivesThe aim of this review was to summarize existing evidence regarding the factors that mediate or contribute to the explanation of the relationship between socioeconomic position and adiposity among youth.Methods and resultsA systematic literature search, conducted using the databases Medline, Embase, Web of Science and PsycINFO, yielded 28 eligible studies. These studies were of low to moderate methodological quality. The most consistent mediators of the association between socioeconomic position and adiposity identified in this review were as follows: consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages, television viewing, computer use, parental body mass index, breastfeeding duration, breakfast consumption, maternal smoking during pregnancy and infant feeding practices. The mediating role of physical activity as well as fruit and vegetable consumption was found to be indeterminate. Other potential mediators were explored in too few studies to make conclusions about their mediating role.ConclusionThe review found several modifiable factors that could be targeted as feasible in interventions aimed at reducing socioeconomic differences in overweight and obesity among youth.
The effect of parotid gland‐sparing intensity‐modulated radiotherapy on salivary composition, flow rate and xerostomia measures
Authors: Richards TM , Hurley T , Grove L , Harrington KJ , Carpenter GH , Proctor GB , Nutting CM 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo describe parotid gland (PG) saliva organic and inorganic composition and flow rate changes, after curative intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC), and analyse the relationship between PG saliva analytes and xerostomia measures.Methods and MaterialsTwenty‐six patients recruited to five prospective phase 2 or 3 trials which assessed toxicity and efficacy of IMRT by HNC subsite, provided longitudinal PG saliva. Salivary flow rate, and subjective and objective xerostomia measures were prospectively collected and saliva tested for inorganic and organic analytes. Statistical comparisons of longitudinal analyte changes and analysis for a relationship between dichotomized xerostomia score and saliva analytes were performed.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐two PG saliva samples from 26 patients were analysed. At 3–6 months after IMRT, stimulated and unstimulated saliva showed significantly decreased flow rate, total protein (TP) secretion rate, phosphate concentration and increased lactoferrin (LF) concentration. Stimulated saliva alone had elevated LF secretion rate and beta‐2‐microglobulin (B2M) concentration with decreased calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) concentrations and Ca2+ secretion rate. At >12 months, under stimulated and unstimulated conditions, increased LF concentration and decreased Mg2+ and phosphate concentration persisted and, in stimulated saliva, there was decreased potassium (K+) and Mg2+ concentration. Unstimulated TP secretion rate was lower in the presence of high‐grade xerostomia. Otherwise, no relationship between xerostomia grade and PG salivary flow rate, TP and Ca2+ secretion rate was found.ConclusionFewer significant differences in PG saliva analytes >12 months after IMRT indicate good functional recovery. Residual xerostomia after IMRT will only be further reduced by addressing the sparing of subsites of the PG or other salivary gland tissues, in addition to the PG.
Ultrasound‐Guided Intra‐articular Injection of the Radio‐ulnar and Radio‐humeral Joints and Ultrasound‐Guided Dry Needling of the Affected Limb Muscles to Relieve Fixed Pronation Deformity and Myofascial Issues around the Shoulder, in a Case of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1
Authors: Pai Renuka S. , Vas Lakshmi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) occurs due to different pathophysiological mechanisms. Presently there is no description of definitive treatment that can resolve the especially recalcitrant motor issues of disability in CRPS type 1 (CRPS‐1).Case ReportWe have herein described the successful management of motor disability with a multimodal approach in a patient with CRPS‐1 that occurred as a result of a fracture sustained in the lower end of the radius. Sensory/sudomotor/vasomotor symptoms were relieved completely by medications and stellate ganglion block in 2 weeks. Ultrasound‐guided dry needling secured near‐complete improvement of shoulder and hand movements in 45 days. Ultrasound guided intra‐articular (radio‐ulnar and radio‐humeral joint) injections with steroid reduced residual pain and improved forearm movements by 50% initially. The patient continued to receive regular sessions of dry needling, physiotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. By the end of 1 year, the functions of the limb improved remarkably, as did the functional outcome scores.ConclusionIn this patient with CRPS‐1, intra‐articular injections with steroid reduced nociception in the affected local structures and sensitization in the nervous system; dry needling resolved the myofascial issues; sustained physiotherapy maintained the motor recovery; and behavioral therapy techniques addressed the cognitive and life stress issues. It was concluded that the presenting symptoms in this case were a consequence of interactions between humoral, nervous, and myofascial systems.
Use of isavuconazole in a patient with voriconazole‐induced QTc prolongation
Authors: Trang Tracy P. , Hanretty Alexandra M. , Langelier Charles , Yang Katherine 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA 22‐year‐old woman with cystic fibrosis developed QTc interval prolongation following lung transplantation in the setting of voriconazole therapy. After the discontinuation of voriconazole and initiation of isavuconazole, her QTc interval normalized. This case highlights the unique property of QTc interval shortening by isavuconazole among the triazole antifungals.