bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteolytic and lipolytic microbiota of refrigerated raw milk from northeast and southern regions of Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Junior Jose Carlos , Lima Joyce Bitencourt Atayde , Lemos Kleydejany Lima de , Silva Livia Cavaletti Corrêa da , Tamanini Ronaldo , Beloti Vanerli 
Published: July 2016

<p>The shelf life of milk and milk derivatives is directly related to the microbiological quality of refrigerated raw milk. Spoilage microorganisms with proteolytic and/or lipolytic properties are primarily responsible for the decrease in the quality of milk, which is reflected in the shelf life of pasteurized milk and all derivatives. The aim of this study was to determine the spoilage microbial load of refrigerated raw milk from the northeast and southern regions of Brazil, which have different climatic and technological conditions of production. We evaluated 46 samples of milk from the state of Paraná in the southern region, and 10 samples of milk from the state of Maranhão in the northeast region, totaling 56 samples collected from November 2013 to November 2014. The producers of Paraná were divided into large (20) or small (26) according to the average daily production. All producers of Maranhão were considered small (&lt;500L/day). The proteolytic and lipolytic microorganism counts were conducted in milk agar and tributyrin agar, respectively. Milk from the large producers of Paraná had average counts of 1.4 × 104 CFU/mL for proteolytic microorganisms and 1.2 × 103 CFU/mL for lipolytics microorganisms, significantly (p &lt;0.05) lower than the small producers in the same state, and the producers of Maranhão. Producers of Maranhao had counts of 1.1 × 105 CFU/mL for proteolytic microorganisms and 2 × 105 CFU/mL for lipolytic microorganisms, with the proteolytic count significantly lower than that of small Paraná producers. The amount of proteolytic and lipolytic spoilage microorganisms in milk is influenced by the adaptation of the microorganisms to cold, promoted by the cooling of milk, which is practiced less frequently in the country’s northeastern region. The amount of spoilage microorganisms is also affected by the implementation of milking hygiene practices, which reduce contamination. Such practices are more frequently and efficiently implemented among large producers with more advanced technology, which can improve the microbiological quality of raw milk, thus increasing the shelf life of pasteurized milk, and reducing problems in UHT milk as well as milk derivatives. </p>
Nostradamus Lite – Selected Speculations as to the Future of Internet Jurisdiction
Authors: Svantesson Dan 
Published: July 2016

This paper examines and analyses current trends in the field of Internet jurisdiction, including the troubling development of overly broad claims of 'scope of jurisdiction', the increasing interest in so-called geo-location technologies and the tendency of litigants targeting Internet intermediaries. A handful of recent key judgments from around the world are also analysed, and an effort is made to identify and present key projects and other initiatives currently dealingwith the topic of Internet jurisdiction. Based on observations flowing from this analysis, a selection of speculations as to the future of Internet jurisdiction is presented.It will be shown that while the topic of Internet jurisdiction is currently gaining an unprecedented degree of attention and, while progress is being made, there are several serious hurdles in relation to which we have seen little or no progress over the past 20 years. In addition, there are new dangerous trends emerging, adding to the concerns for the future direction of Internet jurisdiction.
Air Pollution and Parkinson Disease in a Population-Based Study
Authors: Krzyzanowski Brittany , Mullan Aidan F. , Turcano Pierpaolo , Camerucci Emanuele , Bower James H. , Savica Rodolfo 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceThe role of air pollution in risk and progression of Parkinson disease (PD) is unclear.ObjectiveTo assess whether air pollution is associated with increased risk of PD and clinical characteristics of PD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based case-control study included patients with PD and matched controls from the Rochester Epidemiology Project from 1998 to 2015. Data were analyzed from January to June 2024.ExposuresMean annual exposure to particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5) from 1998 to 2015 and mean annual exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from 2000 to 2014.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes of interest were PD risk, all-cause mortality, presence of tremor-predominant vs akinetic rigid PD, and development of dyskinesia. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, year of index, and urban vs rural residence.ResultsA total of 346 patients with PD (median [IQR] age 72 [65-80] years; 216 [62.4%] male) were identified and matched on age and sex with 4813 controls (median [IQR] age, 72 [65-79] years, 2946 [61.2%] male). Greater PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased PD risk, and this risk was greatest after restricting to populations within metropolitan cores (odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.11-1.35) for the top quintile of PM2.5 exposure compared with the bottom quintile. Greater NO2 exposure was also associated with increased PD risk when comparing the top quintile with the bottom quintile (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07-1.19). Air pollution was associated with a 36% increased risk of akinetic rigid presentation (OR per each 1-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.02-1.80). In analyses among patients with PD only, higher PM2.5 exposure was associated with greater risk for developing dyskinesia (HR per 1-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.17-1.73), as was increased NO2 exposure (HR per 1 μg/m3 increase in NO2, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06-1.19). There was no association between PM2.5 and all-cause mortality among patients with PD.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this case-control study of air pollution and PD, higher levels of PM2.5 and NO2 exposure were associated with increased risk of PD; also, higher levels of PM2.5 exposure were associated with increased risk of developing akinetic rigid PD and dyskinesia compared with patients with PD exposed to lower levels. These findings suggest that reducing air pollution may reduce risk of PD, modify the PD phenotype, and reduce risk of dyskinesia.
Polymethine Dyes
Authors: Towns Andrew D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article defines the specific molecular and electronic characteristics that qualify a colorant as a polymethine dye. It also delineates various subclasses of polymethine dye before going on to describe the spectroscopic characteristics associated with the polymethine chromogen, which has led to this class of colorant becoming so important to numerous sectors of industry and academia. The influences of molecular structure on spectroscopic properties that are peculiar to polymethine dyes form the subject of brief discussion before moving on to a survey of the chief commercial applications for this type of colorant. A short summary of nascent technologies for which polymethine dyes constitute key materials then follows, along with signposting of information sources on their synthesis.
Can sustainable biocommerce continue to support conservation, or will the captive breeding of offspring be its Achilles heel?
Authors: Yeager Justin , Scarpetta Gonzalez Juan Manuel , Shepack Alexander 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The trade in high‐value natural resources, particularly exotic plants and animals (henceforth biocommerce), can lead to both positive and negative impacts on wild populations. The exotic plant and animal hobbies are highly organized with internal cultures that are often poorly understood by non‐members; however, understanding them is of central importance for biocommerce with both direct and indirect consequences for the conservation of wild populations.

Growing international demands for exotic species leaves simple questions related to the economics of biocommerce unexplored. The long‐term success of biocommerce businesses requires constant income, meaning they obtain and retain significant market proportions. Some biocommerce products can be reproduced by hobbyists and undercut business efforts based on sustainably produced exports.

We analyse a test case in Neotropical poison frogs where sustainable biocommerce is burgeoning, yet (export‐based) businesses face direct market competition from the offspring produced within the countries, which receive their exports, and therefore are forced to rely on fervent customer support.

Solution: We survey customers' behaviours where we find different classes of consumers, which differ in where they place higher values within the hobby. By taking into account these different classes, we gain insights and potential solutions to promote the stability of this unique type of biocommerce.
Altermagnetism: Exploring New Frontiers in Magnetism and Spintronics
Authors: Bai Ling , Feng Wanxiang , Liu Siyuan , Šmejkal Libor , Mokrousov Yuriy , Yao Yugui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent developments have introduced a groundbreaking form of collinear magnetism known as “altermagnetism”. This emerging magnetic phase is characterized by robust time‐reversal symmetry breaking, antiparallel magnetic order, and alternating spin‐splitting band structures, yet it exhibits vanishing net magnetization constrained by symmetry. Altermagnetism uniquely integrates traits previously considered mutually exclusive to conventional collinear ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism, thereby facilitating phenomena and functionalities previously not achievable within these traditional categories of magnetism. Initially proposed theoretically, the existence of the altermagnetic phase has since been corroborated by a range of experimental studies, which have confirmed its unique properties and potential for applications. This review explores the rapidly expanding research on altermagnets, emphasizing the novel physical phenomena they manifest, methodologies for inducing altermagnetism, and promising altermagnetic materials. The goal of this review is to furnish readers with a comprehensive overview of altermagnetism and to inspire further innovative studies on altermagnetic materials which can potentially revolutionize applications in technology and materials science.
Recoverable Zigzag N4 Chains in High‐Pressure Synthesized Cerium Polynitride
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Zhang Ying , Wang Yuanyuan , Sui Minghong , Yue Lei , Liu Shuang , Li Quanjun , Liu Zhaodong , Yao Zhen , Wang Peng , Liu Bingbing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetal polynitrides have raised significant interest for their applications as potential high‐energy‐density materials (HEDMs). Despite extensive research on energetic polynitrogen species, reducing synthesis pressures and realizing their recovery at ambient conditions remain challenging. Here, for the first time, the zigzag N4 chains are successfully stabilized in the new polynitride Ce2N6 and recovered to ambient pressure and temperature by introducing cerium nitride as a precursor. The stable mechanism of the recoverable N4 chain originates from the large quantity of charge captured, the favorable bonding environment, and low structural enthalpy. This study reveals the crucial role of precursors in stabilizing and recovering polynitrogen species, providing an alternative route to design and prepare novel HEDMs.
Emerging Trends for the Direct Synthesis of Dithiocarbamates
Authors: He Jiawei , Zhou Xuesi , Liu Xiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDithiocarbamates are common structural motifs in various bioactive compounds, attracting considerable attention due to their wide‐ranging applications in organic synthesis, material science, agrochemicals, and the pharmaceutical industry. Given the significant bioactivity and extensive applications of dithiocarbamates, the continuous pursuit of their efficient and diverse synthetic methods remains critical and urgent. Direct dithiocarbamation reactions can introduce −S−C(S)NR2 group directly into parent molecules, providing shorter, greener, and more practical pathways for the synthesis of organodithiocarbamates. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in direct dithiocarbamation reactions, categorizing them based on the different sources of the −S−C(S)NR2 group, with a particular emphasis on elucidating substrate scope and reaction mechanisms. Additionally, some synthetic limitations and applications of these methods are discussed. This review aims to provide the latest advancements in this field to both general readers and professional practitioners, inspiring innovative ideas for the synthesis of organosulfur compounds.
Synthesis of Self‐Adhesive, Self‐Healing and Antifreeze Conductive Hydrogels for Flexible Strain sensors
Authors: Yang Ruxue , Zhao Shaolin , Tu Zhantong , Hu Haowen , Chen Xiyue , Wu Xin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract Recently, significant progress has been made regarding conductive hydrogels‐based flexible sensors in health detection, electronic skin, soft robots, etc. However, the requirement of bonding with the substrate through the adhesive tape, brokenness sensitivity, and degradation of performance under low‐temperature environments, strongly limit the wide applications of conductive hydrogels in flexible sensors. To solve these problems, this study introduces lithium chloride (LiCl) into poly(vinyl alcohol)/tannic acid/polyacrylamide (PVA/TA/PAM) hydrogels to endow the hydrogels with excellent conductivity and antifreeze properties. In addition, the addition of tannic acid (TA) and zwitterionic 3‐[Dimethyl‐[2‐(2‐methylprop‐2‐enoyloxy)ethyl]azaniumyl]propane‐1‐sulfonate (SBMA) enables the hydrogel to have good self‐healing performance (after 72 h of healing at 20 °C, the healing efficiency of fracture stress is 24%, and the healing efficiency of fracture strain is 52%) and adhesion (the adhesion strength to paper at 20 °C is 14.12 KPa). The sensors based on PVA/TA/PAM composite hydrogels exhibit good sensibility, stability, and durability, and can respond quickly to human joint activities (finger bending, wrist bending, arm bending, and leg bending). Therefore, the multifunctional PVA/TA/PAM composite hydrogel demonstrates significant potential for applications in flexible strain sensors under extreme environments.
Revealing an Extended Adsorption/Insertion‐Filling Sodium Storage Mechanism in Petroleum Coke‐Derived Amorphous Carbon
Authors: Lv Jia‐He , Wang Jing‐Song , He Bin , Wu Tao , Lu An‐Hui , Zhang Wenrui , Xu Juping , Yin Wen , Hao Guang‐Ping , Li Wen‐Cui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAmorphous carbon holds great promise as anode material for sodium‐ion batteries due to its cost‐effectiveness and good performance. However, its sodium storage mechanism, particularly the insertion process and origin of plateau capacity, remains controversial. Here, an extended adsorption/insertion‐filling sodium storage mechanism is proposed using petroleum coke‐derived amorphous carbon as a multi‐microcrystalline model. Combining in situ X‐ray diffraction, in situ Raman, theoretical calculations, and neutron scattering, the effective storage form and location of sodium ions in amorphous carbon are revealed. The sodium adsorption at defect sites leads to a high‐potential sloping capacity. The sodium insertion process occurs in both the pseudo‐graphite phase (d002 > 0.370 nm) and graphite‐like phase (0.345 ≤ d002 < 0.370 nm) rather than the graphite phase, contributing to low‐potential sloping capacity. The sodium filling into accessible closed pores forms quasi‐metallic sodium clusters, contributing to plateau capacity. The threshold of the effective interlayer spacing for sodium insertion is extended to 0.345 nm, breaking the consensus of insertion interlayer threshold and enhancing understanding of closed pore filling. The extended adsorption/insertion‐filling mechanism explains the sodium storage behavior of amorphous carbon with different microstructures, providing theoretical guidance for the rational design of high‐performance amorphous carbon anodes.
Unlocking Interfacial Interactions of In Situ Grown Multidimensional Bismuth‐Based Perovskite Heterostructures for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Feng Jianpei , Mak Chun Hong , Jia Guohua , Han Bin , Shen Hsin‐Hui , Santoso Shella Permatasari , Kai Ji‐Jung , Yuan Mingjian , Song Haisheng , Colmenares Juan Carlos , Hsu Hsien‐Yi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo combat the energy crisis and environmental pollution, developing renewable energy technology such as hydrogen (H2) production is necessary. The sulfur–iodine thermochemical cycle has high commercial potential in conducting hydrogen iodide (HI) splitting for H2 generation, but it requires high‐temperature conditions. In comparison, photocatalytic HI splitting of halide perovskites is non‐polluted and low‐cost for H2 production at room temperature. Herein, an in situ constructed multidimensional bismuth (Bi)‐based 3D/2D EDABiI5/MA3Bi2I9 perovskite heterojunction is developed first by synergistically integrating dimensionality control with heterostructure engineering. Accordingly, the optimal EDABiI5/MA3Bi2I9 without any co‐catalysts exhibits the H2 evolution rate of 213.63 µmol h−1g−1 under irradiation. Equally importantly, interfacial dynamics of solid/solid and solid/liquid interfaces play a crucial role in photocatalytic performance. Therefore, using temperature‐dependent transient photoluminescence and electrochemical voltammetric techniques, it is confirmed that the exciton transportation of EDABiI5/MA3Bi2I9 is accelerated by stronger electronic coupling arising from an enhanced overlap of electronic wavefunctions. Moreover, the effective diffusion coefficient and electron transfer rate of EDABiI5/MA3Bi2I9 demonstrate efficient heterogeneous electron transfer, resulting in improved photocatalytic hydrogen production. Consequently, the in situ formation of perovskite heterostructures studied by a combination of photophysical and electrochemical techniques provides new insights into green hydrogen evolution and interfacial interaction dynamics for commercial applications of solar‐to‐fuel technology.
The phylogeny of the Triticeae: Resolution and phylogenetic conflict based on genomewide nuclear loci
Authors: Mason‐Gamer Roberta J. , White Dawson M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPremiseThe wheat tribe, Triticeae, has been the subject of molecular phylogenetic analyses for nearly three decades, and extensive phylogenetic conflict has been apparent from the earliest comparisons among DNA‐based data sets. While most previous analyses focused primarily on nuclear vs. chloroplast DNA conflict, the present analysis provides a broader picture of conflict among nuclear loci throughout the tribe.MethodsExon data were generated from over 1000 nuclear loci using targeted sequence capture with custom baits, and nearly complete chloroplast genome sequences were recovered. Phylogenetic conflict was assessed among the trees from the chloroplast genomes, the concatenated nuclear loci, and a series of nuclear‐locus subsets guided by Hordeum chromosome gene maps.ResultsAt the intergeneric level, the analyses collectively revealed a few broadly consistent relationships. However, the prevailing pattern was one of extensive phylogenetic conflict throughout the tribe, among both deep and shallow branches, and with the extent of the conflict varying among data subsets.ConclusionsThe results suggest continual introgression or lineage sorting within and among the named lineages of the Triticeae, shaping both deep and shallow relationships in the tribe.
Flower position within plants influences reproductive success both directly and via phenology
Authors: Valdés Alicia , Ehrlén Johan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPremiseIn plants, within‐individual trait variation might result from mechanisms related to ontogenetic contingency, i.e., to the position of a particular structure within the plant, previous developmental events, and/or the developmental environment. Flower position within inflorescences as well as inflorescence position within plants can influence resource provisioning, phenology, biotic interactions, and reproductive success. Despite the potential implications of within‐individual variation in plant reproductive phenotypes, its causes and effects on reproductive success are still little explored.MethodsWe assessed how reproductive success, in terms of fruit and seed set, and seed predation of 5883 flowers in Lathyrus vernus were influenced by their position within and among racemes, to what extent relationships between flower position and reproductive success and seed predation were mediated by phenology, and if positional effects on reproductive success depended on the external environment.ResultsIn three years, basal flowers and racemes opened earlier and had higher fruit set than distal. Basal flowers also experienced higher seed predation. Differences among racemes in fruit and seed set were largely related to phenology, while differences in fruit set, seed set, and seed predation within racemes were not. In one year, differences in fruit set among flowers at different positions depended on flowering duration.ConclusionsOur results highlight the important role of ontogenetic contingency for within‐individual variation in phenology and reproductive success. As the spatial distribution of reproductive structures affects both within‐plant trait distributions and fitness, it is a likely target for natural selection.
Hydrogen Bond‐Induced Flexible and Twisted Self‐Assembly of Functionalized Carbon Dots with Customized‐Color Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Ai Lin , Xiang Wenjuan , Li Zhan‐Wei , Liu Huimin , Xiao Jiping , Song Haoqiang , Yu Jingkun , Song Ziqi , Zhu Kai , Pan Zhuohan , Wang Haolin , Lu Siyu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has numerous applications in optical data storage, quantum computing, bioresponsive imaging, liquid crystal displays, and backlights in three‐dimensional (3D) displays. In addition to their competitive optical properties, carbon dots (CDs) benefit from simple and low‐cost preparation, facile post‐modification, and excellent resistance to photo‐ and chemical bleaching after carbonization. Combining the superior optical performance with polarization peculiarities through hierarchical structure engineering is imperative for the development of CDs. In this study, hydrophobic interactions of aromatic ligands, which participate in the surface‐ligand post‐modification process on the ground‐state chiral carbon core, are employed to drive the oriented assembly. Furthermore, the residual chiral amides on CDs form multiple hydrogen bonds during gradual aggregation, causing the assembled materials to form an asymmetric bending structure. Superficial ligands interfere with the optical dynamics of the exciton radiation transition and stabilize the excited state of the assembled materials to achieve a circularly polarized signal. The linkage ligands overcome the frequent aggregation‐induced quenching phenomenon that present difficulties in conventional CDs, facilitate the assembly of self‐supporting films, and improve chiral optical expression. The full‐color and white CPL are manipulated by simply adjusting the functional groups of the ligands, which also illustrates the versatility of the post‐modification strategy. Finally, large chiral flexible films and multicolor chiral light‐emitting diodes based on the stable chiral powder phosphors were constructed, thereby providing feasible materials and technical support for flexible 3D displays.