bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of surgery for persistent pediatric tracheocutaneous fistula
Authors: Lewis Sean , Arjomandi Hamid , Rosenfeld Richard 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo compare the treatment outcomes and adverse event rates for primary closure compared to simple excision with healing by secondary intention for persistent tracheocutaneous fistula (TCF) in children.Study DesignSystematic review.MethodsSystematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses reporting standards. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and manual search were used to identify articles. Inclusion criteria were case series or comparative studies of surgery for persistent TCF in children under age 18 years. Exclusion criteria were age 18 years or older, duplicate patient series, case series with less than two patients, or case reports. Data were pooled using random effects meta‐analysis to assess outcomes, adverse events, and comparative effectiveness.ResultsWe identified 14 articles with 413 patients treated with excision with primary closure and 233 patients treated with excision with closure by secondary intention. Pooled success rates were 95.7% with primary closure (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93.1% to 97.4%) and 92.7% with secondary intention (95% CI: 88.4% to 95.4%). Subcutaneous emphysema or urgent airway problems were uncommon, occurring in 3.8% and 3.6% of patients, respectively. Five studies had data suitable for comparative meta‐analysis, which showed no differences by closure technique for treatment success (P = .480), overall complications (P = .551), need for revision surgery (P = .624), or the incidence of subcutaneous emphysema or pneumothorax (P = .512), urgent airway problems (P = .126), wound infection (P = 1.00), or wound dehiscence or fistula (P = .818).ConclusionsThere are no differences in the rates of success or complications with surgical closure of TCF in children, whether performed by primary closure or by secondary intention. Both techniques have high success rates with a low incidence of serious complications. Laryngoscope, 127:241–246, 2017
Effects of pectin supplementation on the fermentation patterns of different structural carbohydrates in rats
Authors: Tian Lingmin , Scholte Jan , Borewicz Klaudyna , van den Bogert Bartholomeus , Smidt Hauke , Scheurink Anton J.W. , Gruppen Harry , Schols Henk A. 
Published: May 2016

ScopeWe aimed to investigate and compare the effects of four types of pectins on dietary fiber (DF) fermentation, microbiota composition, and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production throughout the large intestine in rats.Methods and resultsMale Wistar rats were given diets supplemented with or without 3% structurally different pectins for 7 weeks. Different fermentation patterns of pectins and different location of fermentation of pectin and diet arabinoxylans (AXs) in the large intestine were observed. During cecal fermentation, sugar beet pectin significantly stimulated Lactobacillus (p < 0.01) and Lachnospiraceae (p < 0.05). The stimulating effects of sugar beet pectin on these two groups of microbes are stronger than both other pectins. In the cecum, low‐methyl esterified citrus pectin and complex soy pectin increased (p < 0.05) the production of total SCFAs, propionate and butyrate, whereas high‐methyl esterified pectin and sugar beet pectin did not. The fermentation patterns of cereal AXs in the cecum were significantly different upon supplementation of different pectins. These differences, however, became smaller in the colon due to an enhanced fermentation of the remaining DFs.ConclusionDietary supplementation of pectin is a potential strategy to modulate the location of fermentation of DFs, and consequently microbiota composition and SCFA production for health‐promoting effects.
Asymptomatic urinary retention in elderly women upon admission to the Internal Medicine department: A prospective study
Authors: Justo Dan , Schwartz Natalia , Dvorkin Eliyahu , Gringauz Irina , Groutz Asnat 
Published: May 2016

AimTo assess the incidence and associated risk factors of asymptomatic urinary retention in elderly women upon admission to the Internal Medicine department.MethodsTwo hundred and two consecutive elderly women (mean age 84.4 ± 5.7 years) who were admitted to four Internal Medicine departments at a tertiary medical center were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent post‐void residual urine (PVR) measurements on the morning following the admission day. The measurements were undertaken by using a portable ultrasound bladder scan. Asymptomatic urinary retention was defined as PVR ≥ 200 ml without lower urinary tract symptoms, or abdominal pain, in two consecutive measurements.ResultsAsymptomatic urinary retention was diagnosed in 29 (14.4%) women (mean PVR: 353.1 ± 155.2 ml; range: 200–712 ml). The mean age, prevalence of chronic diseases, and the use of opioid and antimuscarinic drugs were similar in women with versus without asymptomatic urinary retention. A binary logistic regression analysis showed that asymptomatic urinary retention was significantly and independently associated with low mobility, measured by the functional independence measure (FIM) scale (odds ratio = 0.7, 95% confidence interval 0.6–0.9, P = 0.026), and hypothyroidism (odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.0–5.8, P = 0.049). Among 174 (86.1%) patients in whom thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) serum levels were measured, a statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between TSH values and PVR measurements.ConclusionsAsymptomatic urinary retention in elderly women upon admission to the Internal Medicine department is not infrequent and is independently associated with hypothyroidism and low mobility. PVR measurements should, therefore, be considered in all women with a low level of mobility and/or hypothyroidism upon admission to the Internal Medicine department. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:794–797, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prescriber and pharmacy variation in patient adherence to five medication classes measured using implementation during persistent episodes
Authors: Genberg Becky L. , Rogers William H. , Lee Yoojin , Qato Danya M. , Dore David D. , Hutchins David S. , Brennan Troyen , Matlin Olga S. , Wilson Ira B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study was to determine the fraction of variance in patient‐level medication adherence accounted for by prescribers and pharmacies.MethodsWe used prescription drug claims paid between January 2010 and July 2011 to a national pharmacy benefits manager to define implementation during persistent episodes. Patients in Massachusetts or Rhode Island covered by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Rhode Island and their prescribers were included. Five drug classes were analyzed: angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, antihyperglycemics (ANHGs), drugs for prostatic hyperplasia (PH), statins, and levothyroxine (THYR). We performed mixed models with random intercepts (drug, patient, prescriber, and pharmacy) and examined the fraction of variance explained at each level using intraclass correlations.ResultsOverall implementation ranged from 87 to 91%. The fraction of the explained variance in implementation to ACEs, ANHG, PH, statins, and THYR accounted for by prescribers was 16.4%, 12.6%, 14.6%, 15.6%, and 15% respectively; and for pharmacies 20.4%, 20%, 15.2%, 10.6%, and 9.4%, respectively.ConclusionsPrescriber and pharmacy effects accounted for a substantial amount of the explained variance in implementation across all five drug classes. Adherence interventions for chronic conditions that target prescribers and pharmacies, in addition to patients, could be effective and efficient. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐grade sarcoma diagnosis and prognosis: Biomarker discovery by mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Lou Sha , Balluff Benjamin , de Graaff Marieke A. , Cleven Arjen H.G. , Briaire ‐ de Bruijn Inge , Bovée Judith V.M.G. , McDonnell Liam A. 
Published: May 2016

The combination of high heterogeneity, both intratumoral and intertumoral, with their rarity has made diagnosis, prognosis of high‐grade sarcomas difficult. There is an urgent need for more objective molecular biomarkers, to differentiate between the many different subtypes, and to also provide new treatment targets. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has amply demonstrated its ability to identify potential new markers for patient diagnosis, survival, metastasis and response to therapy in cancer research. In this study, we investigated the ability of MALDI‐MSI of proteins to distinguish between high‐grade osteosarcoma (OS), leiomyosarcoma (LMS), myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) (Ntotal = 53). We also investigated if there are individual proteins or protein signatures that are statistically associated with patient survival. Twenty diagnostic protein signals were found characteristic for specific tumors (p ≤ 0.05), amongst them acyl‐CoA‐binding protein (m/z 11 162), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (m/z 12 350), thioredoxin (m/z 11 608) and galectin‐1 (m/z 14 633) were assigned. Another nine protein signals were found to be associated with overall survival (p ≤ 0.05), including proteasome activator complex subunit 1 (m/z 9753), indicative for non‐OS patients with poor survival; and two histone H4 variants (m/z 11 314 and 11 355), indicative of poor survival for LMS patients.
Cycloaddition of CS2 to N‐benzylaziridine to synthesize N‐benzylthiazolidine‐2‐thione: a novel reaction route proposed by DFT Study
Authors: Singh Amritpal , Goel Neetu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractN‐Benzylthiazolidine‐2‐thione is the key intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important compounds. A novel route for the synthesis of N‐benzylthiazolidine‐2‐thione through cycloaddition of CS2 with N‐benzylaziridine in the presence of 1,3‐di‐tert‐butylimidazolium‐2‐dithocarboxylate (catalyst I) has been proposed by reliable computations performed within the formalism of density functional theory. The mechanism of the proposed reaction is similar to the cycloaddition of tertiary aziridines and carbon dioxide using a recyclable catalyst that is reported to provide access to 3‐substituted 2‐oxazolidones with excellent yield. Because the rate determining step needs to surmount a high energy barrier, the reaction route has been deciphered in high boiling solvent (1, 2‐ethanediol). The highlight of the mechanistic route detailed here is that the proposed pathway is a cyclic process that is exothermic in nature with the regeneration of the catalyst and involves simple reagents. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The importance of regulatory data protection or exclusive use and other forms of intellectual property rights in the crop protection industry
Authors: Carroll Michael J 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn order for a chemical plant protection product to be authorised for sale a registration dossier has to be assembled to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of government regulators. These studies and tests are protected for a period of 10 years in Europe, North America and some other jurisdictions from the date of first product authorisation so that only the data owner can gain commercial benefit from the data. Subsequent regulatory reviews which require new studies should not result in further periods of regulatory data protection exclusive use for the new data but compensation should be payable to the data generator. © 2016 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The nature of boron‐oxygen lifetime‐degrading centres in silicon
Authors: Voronkov Vladimir , Falster Robert 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLight‐induced degradation of minority carrier lifetime in silicon is caused by the formation of two B‐O recombination centres: fast‐stage centres (FRC) and slow‐stage centres (SRC). FRC were concluded to emerge by a carrier‐assisted reconfiguration of a latent BO2 defect composed of a substitutional boron atom and an oxygen dimer. The nature of SRC however remained uncertain; this defect appeared to involve an interstitial boron atom rather than a substitutional one. More recent data on SRC in boron‐containing compensated p‐Si and n‐Si now show that the SRC actually emerge in the same way as FRC: by a reconfiguration of BO2, but from a different latent form. The two latent BO2 defects (the precursors for FRC and for SRC) are created during a cooling stage after the last high‐temperature anneal, and their concentration, proportional to the boron concentration and squared oxygen concentration, depends on the cooling rate. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rapid point‐of‐care identification of oral medications in gastric lavage content by ambient mass spectrometry in the emergency room
Authors: Lee Chi‐Wei , Su Hung , Wu Kun‐Da , Shiea Jentaie , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Chen Bai‐Hsiun , Shin Shyi‐Jang 
Published: May 2016

RationaleAcute poisoning should be handled with high efficiency in order to minimize morbidity and mortality in the emergency room. Unfortunately, history‐taking and physical examination are not always reliable. Mis‐swallowing of oral medications is common in the pediatric group. This study aimed at developing a rapid point‐of‐care ambient mass spectrometric method for the early identification of ingested oral medications in gastric lavage content.MethodsFour different types of oral medications that are most commonly mis‐swallowed by children were diluted to different concentrations. Each of these chemical solutions was mixed with human gastric lavage content. A direct metallic sampling probe was dipped into the solution. It was then inserted promptly into the thermal desorption electrospray ionization source to carry out ionization and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis of the medications. The corresponding compounds were identified through matching of the obtained mass spectrometric data with those provided by well‐established databases.ResultsSince no pretreatment of the specimen was required, the sampling step, and the subsequent thermal desorption electrospray ionization and mass spectrometric detection of the medications were completed within 30 s. Mass spectra were obtained for four different kinds of oral medication. The limit‐of‐detection of the four tested oral medications in gastric lavage content is at sub‐ppm level, which is sensitive enough for emergency medicine applications since the quantities of medications ingested by pediatric patients are usually much higher.ConclusionsThermal desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, with informational support provided by an online mass spectral database, allows for early point‐of‐care identification of mis‐swallowed oral medications in the evacuated gastric lavage contents obtained from gastric lavage of patients in the emergency room, and it is promising in providing important toxicological information to ensure the appropriateness of the subsequent medical management. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of deuterium labeling by high‐temperature solid‐state hydrogen‐exchange reaction for mass spectrometric analysis of bradykinin biotransformation
Authors: Kopylov Arthur T. , Myasoedov Nikolay F. , Dadayan Alexander K. , Zgoda Victor G. , Medvedev Alexei E. , Zolotarev Yurii A. 
Published: May 2016

RationaleStudies of molecular biodegradation by mass spectrometry often require synthetic compounds labeled with stable isotopes as internal standards. However, labeling is very expensive especially when a large number of compounds are needed for analysis of biotransformation. Here we describe an approach for qualitative and quantitative analysis using bradykinin (BK) and its in vitro degradation metabolites as an example. Its novelty lies in the use of deuterated peptides which are obtained by a high‐temperature solid‐state exchange (HSCIE) reaction.MethodsDeuterated and native BK were analyzed by positive electrospray ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry (ESI‐HRMS) using an Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer. High‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (HCD) experiments were performed on [M+H]+ and [M+2H]2+ ions in targeted‐MS2 mode with adjusted normalized HCD value.ResultsAfter the HSCIE reaction, each amino acid residue of the deuterated peptide contained deuterium atoms and the average degree of substitution was 5.5 atoms per the peptide molecule. The deuterated peptide demonstrated the same chromatographic mobility as the unlabeled counterpart, and lack of racemization during substitution with deuterium. Deuterium‐labeled and unlabeled BKs were incubated with human plasma and their corresponding fragments BK(1‐5) and BK(1‐7), well known as the major metabolites, were detected.ConclusionsQuantitative assays demonstrated applicability of the heavy peptide for both sequencing and quantification of generated fragments. Applicability of the HSCIE deuterated peptide for analysis of routes of its degradation has been shown in in vitro experiments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular recognition of emerald ash borer infestation using leaf spray mass spectrometry
Authors: Falcone Caitlin E. , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: May 2016

RationaleThe introduction of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) (EAB) from Asia to Michigan, USA, in the 1990s caused the widespread death of ash trees in two Canadian provinces and 24 US states. The three current methods for the detection of emerald ash borer infestation, visual surveys, tree girdling and artificial traps, can be unreliable, and there is clearly a need for a rapid, dependable technique for the detection of emerald ash borer infestation.MethodsLeaf spray, an ambient ionization method for mass spectrometry (MS), gives direct chemical information on a leaf sample by applying a high voltage to a naturally or artificially sharply pointed leaf piece causing ions to be generated directly from the leaf tip for MS analysis.ResultsLeaflets from 23 healthy and EAB‐infested ash trees were analyzed by leaf spray mass spectrometry in an attempt to distinguish healthy and EAB‐infested ash trees. In negative ion mode, healthy ash trees showed an increased abundance of ionsm/z455.5, 471.5 and 487.5, and ash trees infested with the EAB displayed an increased abundance of ionsm/z181 and 217. The identities of the chemical discriminators ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in healthy ash trees, and six‐carbon sugar alcohols in infested ash trees, were determined by tandem mass spectrometry and confirmed with standards.ConclusionsThis preliminary study suggests that leaf spray mass spectrometry of ash tree leaflets provides a potential tool for the early detection of ash tree infestation by the emerald ash borer. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of argentinated peptide complexes using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry: Peptide = oxytocin, arg8‐vasopressin, bradykinin, bombesin, somatostatin, neurotensin
Authors: Gupta Shyam L. , Dhiman Vikas , Jayasekharan T. , Sahoo N. K. 
Published: May 2016

RationaleThe increased use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for various biological applications, and over‐expression of various peptide receptors in different tumors/cancer cells, necessitate the need for dedicated investigations on the intrinsic binding ability of Ag with various biologically important peptides for better understanding of AgNPs‐peptide interactions and for the future development of contrasting agents as well as drugs for imaging/biomedical applications.MethodsThe [M+(Ag)n]+ complexes are prepared and characterized using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS).ResultsSilver complexes of the peptides [M+(Ag)n]+, where M = oxytocin, arg8‐vasopressin, bradykinin, bombesin, somatostatin, and neurotensin, have been investigated for their intrinsic Ag+‐binding ability. Unusual binding of up to seven Ag+ with these small peptides is observed. The mass spectra show n = 1–5 for bombesin and somatostatin, n = 1–6 for bradykinin and arg8‐vasopressin, and n = 1–7 for oxytocin and neurotensin. In addition, oxytocin and arg8‐vasopressin show the formation of dimers and their complexes [M2+(Ag)n]+ with n = 1–8 and n = 1–5, respectively. The possible amino acid residues responsible for Ag+ binding in each peptide have been identified on the basis of density functional theory (DFT)‐calculated binding energy values of Ag+ towards individual amino acids.ConclusionsMass spectrometric evidence indicates that the peptides, viz., oxytocin, arg8‐vasopressin, bradykinin, bombesin, somatostatin, and neurotensin, show greater affinity for Ag+. Hence, they may be used as carriers for AgNPs in targeted drug delivery as well as an alternative for iodinated contrasting agents in dual energy X‐ray imaging techniques. Radio‐labeled Ag with these peptides can also be used in radio‐pharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry identification of intermediates and vulcanization products by using squalene as vulcanization model compound
Authors: Giansanti Luisa , Aleandri Simone , Altieri Barbara , Caretti Fulvia , Mancini Giovanna , Morosetti Stefano , Ventura Salvatore , Pérez‐Fernández Virginia , Gentili Alessandra 
Published: May 2016

RationaleSulfur‐vulcanized rubber is a three‐dimensional polymer network, insoluble in all organic solvents. For this reason, vulcanization products are difficult to study and identify by conventional analytical techniques. To simplify this task, low molecular weight olefins have been used as model compounds (MCs) in place of rubber in vulcanization experiments.MethodsIn this work, the vulcanization process was investigated using squalene (SQ) as MC. By‐products, intermediates and products were separated by semipreparative reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) with UV detection. Each fraction was collected, concentrated and characterized by flow injection analysis (FIA) and non‐aqueous reversed‐phase (NARP) LC coupled to positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI‐MS). Under the latter conditions, an Information‐Dependent Acquisition (IDA) was performed on a linear ion trap mass spectrometer to obtain structural information.ResultsSeveral vulcanized compounds containing up to three SQ molecules, cross‐linked with chains involving up to 14 sulfur atoms overall, have been identified along with some of their oxidized products (epoxides and hydroperoxides). The FIA‐MS spectra showed peak clusters, each of which included two‐three subclusters; the interpretation was complicated by the occurrence of more ion species per product, by the unsaturation grade and by the characteristic isotopic distribution of sulfur. The enhanced product ion scan (EPI) spectra, acquired during the IDA experiments, supported the FIA‐MS identification allowing one to count the number of sulfur atoms.ConclusionsThe sensitivity of the developed analytical strategy was due to the enrichment factor achieved via semipreparative chromatography and the very good response of the APCI detection. Pattern fragmentation and chromatographic behavior simplified the identification of the cured compounds and their oxidized products, whose occurrence was related to the grade of oxidation of SQ used as reagent. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.