bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital cutaneous melanoma in a dog
Authors: Meyrer Bruna , Bianchi Simone Passos , Pavarini Saulo Petinatti , Gerardi Daniel Guimarães 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundMelanocytic tumours are derived from melanocytes and are common in older dogs with dark pigmented skin. Primary congenital cutaneous melanoma has been described in domestic mammals although there are no reports in the dog.Hypothesis/objectiveWe describe a case of canine congenital cutaneous melanoma with rapid progression to metastasis and death.AnimalA male, mixed breed dog was born with a circular ulcerated lesion near the left ear. By 12 days of age the lesion had grown significantly, with multiple soft, round nodules located at the outer base of the ear.Methods and resultsHistopathological examination showed the proliferation of round and elongated neoplastic cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm that occasionally contained granules of melanin. Immunohistochemical analysis was positive for melan A, S‐100 protein, neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) and vimentin, confirming the diagnosis of melanoma. The tumour progressed rapidly and at six months the dog died suddenly. Postmortem examination revealed pulmonary, cardiac and lymph node metastases.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a primary congenital melanoma in the dog. The neoplastic condition showed malignant behaviour and high metastatic potential.
Bypass Flow Resistance in Prismatic Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactors
Authors: McEligot Donald M. , Johnson Richard W. 
Published: November 2016

Available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions of pressure distributions in the vertical bypass flow between blocks in a prismatic gas-cooled reactor (GCR) have been analyzed to deduce apparent friction factors and loss coefficients for nuclear engineering systems and network codes. Calculations were performed for vertical gap spacings “s” of 2, 6, and 10 mm — representing 1, 3, and 5 mm in a GCR design, horizontal gaps between the blocks of 2 mm and two flow rates, giving a range of vertical gap Reynolds numbers ReDh of about 40–5300. The present focus is on the examination of the flow in the vertical gaps. Horizontal gaps are treated in CFD calculations but their flows are not examined. Laminar predictions of the fully developed friction factor ffd were about 3–10% lower than the classical infinitely wide channel. In the entry region, the local apparent friction factor was slightly higher than the classic idealized case, but the hydraulic entry length Lhy was approximately the same. The per cent reduction in flow resistance was greater than the per cent increase in flow area at the vertical corners of the blocks. The standard k–ϵ turbulence model was employed for flows expected to be turbulent. Its predictions of ffd and flow resistance were significantly higher than direct numerical simulations (DNS) for the classic case; the value of Lhy was about 30 gap spacings. Initial quantitative information for entry coefficients and loss coefficients for the expansion–contraction junctions between blocks is also presented. The present study demonstrates how CFD predictions can be employed to provide integral quantities needed in systems and network codes.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Avian-Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain APEC O18
Authors: Nicholson Bryon A. , Wannemuehler Yvonne M. , Logue Catherine M. , Li Ganwu , Nolan Lisa K. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Avian-pathogenic
Escherichia coli
(APEC) is the causative agent of colibacillosis, a disease that affects all facets of poultry production worldwide, resulting in multimillion dollar losses annually. Here, we report the genome sequence of an APEC O18 sequence type 95 (ST95) strain associated with disease in a chicken.
Draft Genome Sequence of Strain LSUCC0135, an Early Diverging Member of the Order
Methylophilales
in the Phylum
Betaproteobacteria
Authors: Lanclos V. Celeste , Henson Michael W. , Pitre David M. , Thrash J. Cameron 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

We present the draft genome of
Methylophilales
sp. strain LSUCC0135, isolated using high-throughput dilution-to-extinction culturing methods from the coast of Freshwater City, Louisiana, USA. The genome indicates metabolic flexibility for differing oxygen concentrations and electron donors.
Genome Sequence of
Pandoraea
sp. ISTKB, a Lignin-Degrading Betaproteobacterium, Isolated from Rhizospheric Soil
Authors: Kumar Madan , Gazara Rajesh Kumar , Verma Sandhya , Kumar Manish , Verma Praveen Kumar , Thakur Indu Shekhar 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the genome sequence of
Pandoraea
sp. ISTKB, a betaproteobacterium isolated from rhizospheric soil in the backwaters of Alappuzha, Kerala, India. The strain is alkalotolerant and grows on medium containing lignin as a sole carbon source. Genes and pathways related to lignin degradation were complemented by genomic analysis.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Piscirickettsia litoralis
, Isolated from Seawater
Authors: Wan Xuehua , Lee Alex J. , Hou Shaobin , Ushijima Blake , Nguyen Yen P. , Thawley Jessica A. , Donachie Stuart P. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

One species of
Piscirickettsia
, a pathogen of salmonid fish, has been described. The genome sequence of a putative second and free-living species may provide insights into the evolution of pathogenicity in the genus.
Fluidized-sediment pipes in Gale crater, Mars, and possible Earth analogs
Authors: Rubin David M. , Fairén A.G. , Martínez-Frías J. , Frydenvang J. , Gasnault O. , Gelfenbaum G. , Goetz W. , Grotzinger J.P. , Le Mouélic S. , Mangold N. , Newsom H. , Oehler D.Z. , Rapin W. , Schieber J. , Wiens R.C. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Since landing in Gale crater, the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity has traversed fluvial, lacustrine, and eolian sedimentary rocks that were deposited within the crater ∼3.6 to 3.2 b.y. ago. Here we describe structures interpreted to be pipes formed by vertical movement of fluidized sediment. Like many pipes on Earth, those in Gale crater are more resistant to erosion than the host rock; they form near other pipes, dikes, or deformed sediment; and some contain internal concentric or eccentric layering. These structures provide new evidence of the importance of subsurface aqueous processes in shaping the near-surface geology of Mars.
Barriers and facilitators to physical activity in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: Kanavaki Archontissa M , Rushton Alison , Klocke Rainer , Abhishek Abhishek , Duda Joan L 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionThis protocol aims to describe the objective and methods to be followed in a systematic review of qualitative studies on barriers and facilitators to physical activity (PA) in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods and analysisMEDLINE, EMBASE, PhychINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and grey literature sources will be electronically searched. Hand search of qualitative research-centred journals, reference screening of relevant reviews and inquiries to researchers active in the field will complement the search. Studies will be selected if they apply qualitative or mixed-methods designs to directly explore factors that correspond to engagement in PA/exercise or, the perceptions regarding PA/exercise in people with hip or knee OA. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist and the evaluative criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability will be applied for the study appraisal. 2 independent reviewers will perform the search, study selection and study appraisal. Thematic synthesis will be used for synthesising the findings of the primary studies and the process and product of the synthesis will be checked by a second researcher. ConQual approach will be used for assessing the confidence in the qualitative findings.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will inform our understanding of the PA determinants and how to optimise behaviour change in people living with hip or knee OA. The review findings will be reported in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national or international conferences. The study raises no ethical issues.Trial registration numberCRD42016030024.
Association between obesity indices and type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged and elderly people in Jinan, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Shukang , Ma Wei , Yuan Zhongshang , Wang Shu-mei , Yi Xiangren , Jia Hongying , Xue Fuzhong 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThe relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) varies with geographical area and race.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of T2DM and the proportion of subjects with undiagnosed T2DM. In addition, to compare the associations between different obesity indices and T2DM for middle-aged and elderly people from six communities in Jinan, China.SettingA cross-sectional study was designed and the study subjects were chosen from blocks which were randomly selected in the 6 communities of Jinan, China in 2011–2012.ParticipantsA total of 3277 residents aged ≥50 years were eligible for this study, but 1563 people were excluded because they did not provide anthropometric data such as height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) or information about their current medication use. Hence, 1714 participants were included in the final data analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of T2DM among people aged ≥50 years was 16.6% (19.3% for men and 15.3% for women) and the proportion of patients with undiagnosed T2DM was 32.7%. Compared with the lowest levels of body mass index (BMI), WC, waist-to-hip ratio or waist-to-stature ratio (WSR), the ORs and 95% CIs of the highest levels for men, after adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, hypertension, TG and TC, were 1.607 (0.804 to 3.210), 2.189 (1.118 to 4.285), 1.873 (0.968 to 3.623) and 2.572 (1.301 to 5.083), respectively, and for women, 2.764 (1.622 to 4.712), 2.407 (1.455 to 3.985), 2.500 (1.484 to 4.211) and 2.452 (1.447 to 4.155), respectively.ConclusionsAmong adults aged ≥50 years in Jinan, China, the best indicator of the relationship between obesity and T2DM is WSR for men and BMI for women, respectively.
Beam–beam effects of single ring and partial double ring scheme in CEPC
Authors: Zhang Yuan 
Published: November 2016

After the Higgs discovery, it is believed that a circular [Formula: see text] collider could serve as a Higgs factory. The high energy physics community in China launched a study of a 50–100 km ring collider. A preliminary conceptual design report (Pre-CDR) has been published in early 2015. This report is based on a 54-km ring design. Some progress on beam–beam effect study after Pre-CDR is shown in the paper. We estimate the beamstrahlung lifetime using a pure strong–strong code as a comparison with the result obtained using a quasi-strong–strong method. The effect of parasitic crossing in the pretzel scheme is also estimated for the very first time. The feasibility of the main parameters for partial double ring scheme are evaluated from the point view of beam–beam interaction.
NNMT Silencing Activates Tumor Suppressor PP2A, Inactivates Oncogenic STKs, and Inhibits Tumor Forming Ability
Authors: Palanichamy Kamalakannan , Kanji Suman , Gordon Nicolaus , Thirumoorthy Krishnan , Jacob John R. , Litzenberg Kevin T. , Patel Disha , Chakravarti Arnab 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Purpose: To identify potential molecular hubs that regulate oncogenic kinases and target them to improve treatment outcomes for glioblastoma patients.
Experimental Design: Data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets identified nicotinamide-N-methyl transferase (NNMT) as a prognostic marker for glioblastoma, an enzyme linked to the reorganization of the methylome. We tested our hypothesis that NNMT plays a crucial role by modulating protein methylation, leading to inactivation of tumor suppressors and activation of oncogenes. Further experiments were performed to understand the underlying biochemical mechanisms using glioblastoma patient samples, established, primary, and isogenic cells.
Results: We demonstrate that NNMT outcompetes leucine carboxyl methyl transferase 1 (LCMT1) for methyl transfer from principal methyl donor SAM in biological systems. Inhibiting NNMT increased the availability of methyl groups for LCMT1 to methylate PP2A, resulting in the inhibition of oncogenic serine/threonine kinases (STK). Further, NNMT inhibition retained the radiosensitizer nicotinamide and enhanced radiation sensitivity. We have provided the biochemical rationale of how NNMT plays a vital role in inhibiting tumor suppressor PP2A while concomitantly activating STKs.
Conclusions: We report the intricate novel mechanism in which NNMT inhibits tumor suppressor PP2A by reorganizing the methylome both at epigenome and proteome levels and concomitantly activating prosurvival STKs. In glioblastoma tumors with NNMT expression, activation of PP2A can be accomplished by FDA approved perphenazine (PPZ), which is currently used to treat mood disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, etc. This study forms a foundation for further glioblastoma clinical trials using PPZ with standard of care treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2325–34. ©2016 AACR.
Composition and spatio-temporal variation in the density of the Brachyura (Decapoda, Pleocyemata) in the rocky substrates of an Amazonian estuary
Authors: Nóbrega Priscila S. V. , Martinelli-Lemos Jussara M. 
Published: November 2016

The present study investigated the composition, spatio-temporal distribution, and the influence of temperature and salinity on the density of brachyurans associated with rocky substrates in an estuary of the Brazilian Amazonian coast. Specimens were collected monthly at four sites representing the two margins (profiles), zones (inner and outer estuary) and the lower and upper mediolittoral portions at each site of the Marapanim estuary. A total of 14 species were collected and multivariate analyses revealed that the species composition varied systematically between zones, margins, mediolittoral sectors and seasons, with the more saline zone, the most eroded margin, the lower mediolittoral, and the rainy season all being characterized by higher densities and a more homogeneous distribution of species. In general, high densities of brachyurans, but low species richness, and marked dominance characterized the sites. Salinity proved to play an important role in the structuring of the community.
Schmidleinema santiniketanense sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria/ Cyanoprokaryota) from a building facade in Santiniketan, India
Authors: KESHARI NITIN , DAS SUDIPTA KUMAR , ADHIKARY SIBA PRASAD 
Published: November 2016

Schmidleinema is a monotypic genus in the family Fischerellaceae (Cyanobacteria / Cyanoprokaryota) with S. indicum is the sole species described so far. Due to its rare occurrence and reported only from a tropical climatic region, the taxon was not thoroughly studied, thus its taxonomic position is ubiquitous. No molecular data of the species is available so far. While studying the aero-terrestrial cyanobacterial flora of Santiniketan, West Bengal (India), a new Schmidleinema species, i.e. Schmidleinema santiniketanense sp. nov. was documented. Light microscopic study of morphological characters of the species revealed its distinctness from the earlier descriptions of Schmidleinema indicum, particularly in the characteristics of sheath and branching pattern. Partial sequence of 16S rRNA gene of the species was obtained and deposited in GenBank for the first time. A consensus tree prepared with sequences of different groups of heterocystous and branched cyanobacteria retrieved from GenBank showed its phylogenetic position.
CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Opioid Tolerance: A Translational Study
Authors: Lin Chih-Peng , Kang Kai-Hsiang , Tu Huang-Ju , Wu Ming-Yueh , Lin Tzu-Hung , Liou Houng-Chi , Sun Wei-Zen , Fu Wen-Mei 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:
Long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain may lead to analgesic tolerance, especially when administered intrathecally, thus preventing adequate pain relief. Discovering drug targets to treat opioid tolerance using a mechanism-based approach targeting opioid-induced neuroinflammation provides new therapeutic opportunities. In this study, we provide translational evidence that CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of opioid tolerance.

METHODS:
The CXCL12 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of opioid-tolerant patients were compared with those of opioid-naive subjects. For further investigation, a rodent translational study was designed using 2 clinically relevant opioid delivery paradigms: daily intraperitoneal morphine injections and continuous intrathecal morphine infusion. We measured rats’ tail flick responses and calculated the percentage of maximum possible effects (%MPE) to demonstrate opioid acute antinociception and the development of analgesic tolerance. The effects of exogenous CXCL12, CXCL12 neutralizing antibody, and receptor antagonist AMD3100 were investigated by intrathecal administration. Data were presented as mean ± SEM.

RESULTS:
CXCL12 was significantly upregulated in the cerebrospinal fluid of opioid-tolerant patients for 892 ± 34 pg/mL (n = 27) versus 755 ± 33 pg/mL (n = 10) in naive control subjects (P = .03). Furthermore, after 2 and 5 days of intrathecal morphine infusion, rat lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn CXCL12 messenger RNA levels were significantly upregulated by 3.2 ± 0.7 (P = .016) and 3.4 ± 0.3 (P = .003) fold, respectively. Results from the daily intraperitoneal morphine injection experiments revealed that administering an intrathecal infusion of CXCL12 for 24 hours before the first morphine injection did not decrease antinociception efficacy on day 1 but accelerated tolerance after day 2 (%MPE 49.5% vs 88.1%, P = .0003). In the intrathecal morphine coinfusion experiments, CXCL12 accelerated tolerance development (%MPE 9.4% vs 43.4% on day 1, P < .0001), whereas coadministration with CXCL12 neutralizing antibody attenuated tolerance (72.5% vs 43.4% on day 1, P < .0001; 47.6% vs 17.5% on day 2, P < .0001). Coadministration of receptor antagonist AMD 3100 can persistently preserve morphine analgesic effects throughout the study period (27.9% ± 4.1% vs 0.9% ± 1.6% on day 5, P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS:
The CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of opioid tolerance. Our study indicates that intervening with CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling has therapeutic potential for opioid tolerance.
Rather for the nomenclaturist than for the scientific botanist: The Botanical Cabinet of Conrad Loddiges & Sons
Authors: Turner I.M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA selection of names appearing in the Botanical Cabinet, a serial work published by the nursery company of Conrad Loddiges & Sons between 1817 and 1833, is reviewed. Many names are here lectotypified to plates published in the Botanical Cabinet. The new combinations Pseuderanthemum maculatum (G.Lodd.) I.M.Turner and Wahlenbergia loddigesii (A.DC.) I.M.Turner are made. Erica aristata var. parva I.M.Turner is proposed as an avowed substitute for E. coruscans var. minor L. Bolus. The accepted name for a number of species should change for a variety of nomenclatural reasons: Cirrhaea loddigesii Lindl. becomes Cirrhaea obtusata Lindl., Erica peziza G.Lodd. becomes Erica nivalis Andrews, Passiflora racemosa Brot. becomes Passiflora princeps G.Lodd., Phyllanthus lanceolarius (Roxb.) Müll.Arg. becomes Phyllanthus fraxinifolius G.Lodd., Rhododendron myrtifolium Schott & Kotschy ex Schott becomes Rhododendron kotschyi Simonk.
Acute kidney injury following primary hip and knee arthroplasty surgery
Authors: Ferguson KB , Winter A , Russo L , Khan A , Hair M , MacGregor MS , Holt G 
Published: November 2016

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a recognised postoperative complication following primary hip/knee arthroplasty surgery. The aim of this study was to determine causative and potentially modifiable risk factors associated with postoperative AKI. Standard data were collected for 413 consecutive arthroplasty patients, both retrospectively and prospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify any potential causative factors. Eight percent of patients developed postoperative AKI. Univariate analysis found increasing age, history of previous chronic kidney disease and requirement for postoperative intravenous fluids to be risk factors for AKI. The multivariate regression analysis model identified age and volume of postoperative fluid prescription as predictive of postoperative AKI. Antibiotic regime and prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs had no significant effect on the risk of AKI. No patients required dialysis but length of stay increased by 50% in the AKI group. Postoperative AKI may result in significant postoperative morbidity and increased length of stay, and may necessitate invasive therapies such as dialysis. Episodes of AKI could also predispose to future similar episodes and are associated with a long-term decrease in baseline renal function. This study has demonstrated that the identified risk factors are generally non-modifiable. Further work is suggested to determine whether targeted interventions in high risk patients would reduce the incidence of AKI.
Realizing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Need for an Indigenous Approach
Authors: Khalid Rahman  
Published: November 2016

In September 2015, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly adopted a new global development agenda entitled, “Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.” The new targets set under the agenda are assumed to guide the member countries in their decisions about development issues over next 15 years. Pakistan's performance in the past, in terms of achieving Millennium Development Goals or MDG's has not been very encouraging. Thus, the situation demands for devising a robust strategy, which would involve and actively engage different social groups of Pakistani society towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals or SDGs. To this, one important aspect relates to prevailing socio-political trends in Pakistani society, where Islamic beliefs and inclinations have always been an alive reality. Here, in this situation, the question arises whether these Islamic trends can help in developing a successful strategy for achieving the SDGs. This study is with reference to Pakistan only, however, its application may equally be valid for other Muslim societies considering local circumstances.
This paper is an extension of the two presentations that the author made on similar subjects in a UNOSD workshop held in Abu Dhabi from Oct. 27 to 29, 2015 and in Oslo University in a seminar on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Pakistan and Islam on January, 12, 2016. The author is particularly thankful to Syed Nadeem Farhat and Tauqeer Ahmad for their input during the course of writing this paper.