bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting Sodium Storage in TiO2 Nanotube Arrays through Surface Phosphorylation
Authors: Ni Jiangfeng , Fu Shidong , Yuan Yifei , Ma Lu , Jiang Yu , Li Liang , Lu Jun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) offer a promise of a scalable, low‐cost, and environmentally benign means of renewable energy storage. However, the low capacity and poor rate capability of anode materials present an unavoidable challenge. In this work, it is demonstrated that surface phosphorylated TiO2 nanotube arrays grown on Ti substrate can be efficient anode materials for SIBs. Fabrication of the phosphorylated nanoarray film is based on the electrochemical anodization of Ti metal in NH4F solution and subsequent phosphorylation using sodium hypophosphite. The phosphorylated TiO2 nanotube arrays afford a reversible capacity of 334 mA h g−1 at 67 mA g−1, a superior rate capability of 147 mA h g−1 at 3350 mA g−1, and a stable cycle performance up to 1000 cycles. In situ X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal the near‐zero strain response and robust mechanical behavior of the TiO2 host upon (de)sodiation, suggesting its excellent structural stability in the Na+ storage application.
Hierarchically Nanostructured Transition Metal Oxides for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Mingbo , Tang Hao , Li Lulu , Hu Qin , Zhang Li , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in the field of portable electric devices because of their high energy density and long cycling life. To further improve the performance of LIBs, it is of great importance to develop new electrode materials. Various transition metal oxides (TMOs) have been extensively investigated as electrode materials for LIBs. According to the reaction mechanism, there are mainly two kinds of TMOs, one is based on conversion reaction and the other is based on intercalation/deintercalation reaction. Recently, hierarchically nanostructured TMOs have become a hot research area in the field of LIBs. Hierarchical architecture can provide numerous accessible electroactive sites for redox reactions, shorten the diffusion distance of Li‐ion during the reaction, and accommodate volume expansion during cycling. With rapid research progress in this field, a timely account of this advanced technology is highly necessary. Here, the research progress on the synthesis methods, morphological characteristics, and electrochemical performances of hierarchically nanostructured TMOs for LIBs is summarized and discussed. Some relevant prospects are also proposed.
Tunable Free‐Standing Ultrathin Porous Nickel Film for High Performance Flexible Nickel–Metal Hydride Batteries
Authors: Ren Zhonghua , Yu Jie , Li Yuanji , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe nickel matrix has a significant impact on the structure and performance of a nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) battery. However, few studies have focused on the nickel matrix thus far due to the difficulty of fabricating controllable porous nickel materials. In addition, conventional nickel matrices show poor flexibility, making it difficult to fabricate flexible NiMH batteries. To achieve a high performance flexible NiMH battery, the fabrication of a thin, free‐standing, and flexible nickel matrix with an optimized pore structure is a key prerequisite. Here, a novel flexible porous nickel matrix with a controllable pore size, density, and distribution of pore position is developed by nickel electrodeposition on templates that are produced by silkscreen printing different insulating ink microarrays on stainless steel sheets. Benefitting from the excellent structure of the porous nickel matrix, flexible NiMH batteries are fabricated, which show excellent flexibility and very high energy densities of 151.8 W h kg−1 and 508.5 W h L−1 as well as high energy efficiencies of 87.9–98.5%. These batteries outperform conventional NiMH batteries and many other commercial batteries, holding great promise for their future practical application. The present strategy provides a new route to promote the development of nickel‐based alkaline rechargeable batteries.
Effect of interface on the mechanical behavior of polybutadiene–silica composites: An experimental and simulation study
Authors: Ji Tuo , Ma Chi , Brisbin Logan , Dong Yalin , Zhu Jiahua 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe effect of interface property on the mechanical behavior of silica–polybutadiene composites is systematically investigated via combined experimental and dynamics simulation. In experiment, the interface property is controlled by SiO2 particle size, silane coupling agents, and silane grafting density. The effects of these control parameters on the vulcanization kinetics, tensile strength, and dynamic mechanic properties are investigated and discussed. Both the experimental and simulation studies reveal the pivot role of filler–polymer interface on the mechanical reinforcement. Simulation study reveals that the constrained polymer layer (∼12 nm) surrounding the silica particles shows increased stress from 30 to 230 MPa, which is identified as the major reason for the overall enhancement of 100% modulus from 0.8 to 1.6 MPa. The molecular mechanics of interface from simulation is well correlated to the experimental results in this study, which provides a molecular level understanding of the relationship between interfacial interaction and mechanical reinforcement. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46089.
Impact of sleep deprivation on the outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Iverson Ann , Stanberry Larissa , Garberich Ross , Antos Amber , Sandoval Yader , Burke M. Nicholas , Chavez Ivan , Gössl Mario , Henry Timothy D. , Lips Daniel , Mooney Michael , Poulose Anil , Sorajja Paul , Traverse Jay , Wang Yale , Bradley Steven , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) performed by sleep deprived and non‐sleep deprived operators.BackgroundInterventional cardiologists are at risk for sleep deprivation as they often have to perform emergent procedures at night, but the effects of sleep deprivation on clinical outcomes have received limited study.MethodsWe examined the frequency, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of daytime PCIs performed by sleep deprived and non‐sleep deprived operators at a tertiary medical center. Operators were considered sleep deprived when performing a daytime (7 am–11:59 pm) procedure preceded by a nighttime (12 am–6:59 am) procedure on the same date.ResultsOf the 12,680 daytime PCIs performed from 6/29/09 to 12/30/2016, 367 (2.9%) were performed by sleep deprived operators. Patients undergoing PCI performed by a sleep deprived operator were more likely to be younger, white, and to present with ST‐elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). The incidence of in‐hospital death (1.1% vs. 1.3%, P = 1.0) and bleeding within 72 hr (3.9% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.29) were similar for procedures performed by sleep‐deprived and non‐sleep deprived operators. When the sleep deprived group was further stratified based on degree of sleep deprivation or length of sleep interruption, differences in mortality and total bleeding remained non‐significant.ConclusionsIn this large single center study, operator sleep deprivation did not appear to adversely impact PCI outcomes.
Monochorionic diamniotic twins with centrally located and closely spaced umbilical cord insertions in the placenta
Authors: Imamura Takashi , Maeda Hajime , Kinoshita Hidetoshi , Kin Shogo 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageWhen to deliver the monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins with specific cord patterns? Although there is no clear evidence supporting an earlier delivery (before 36 weeks of gestation) in MCDA twins, an earlier delivery might prevent intrauterine death or neuromorbidity in MCDA twins with specific cord patterns.
Phase 1/2 trial of temsirolimus and sorafenib in the treatment of patients with recurrent glioblastoma: North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study/Alliance N0572
Authors: Schiff David , Jaeckle Kurt A. , Anderson S. Keith , Galanis Evanthia , Giannini Caterina , Buckner Jan C. , Stella Phillip , Flynn Patrick J. , Erickson Bradley J. , Schwerkoske John F. , Kaluza Vesna , Twohy Erin , Dancey Janet , Wright John , Sarkaria Jann N. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUNDMitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)‐dependent signaling are hallmarks of glioblastoma. In the current study, the authors conducted a phase 1/2 study of sorafenib (an inhibitor of Raf kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 [VEGFR‐2]) and the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.METHODSPatients with recurrent glioblastoma who developed disease progression after surgery or radiotherapy plus temozolomide and with ≤2 prior chemotherapy regimens were eligible. The phase 1 endpoint was the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), using a cohorts‐of‐3 design. The 2‐stage phase 2 study included separate arms for VEGF inhibitor (VEGFi)–naive patients and patients who progressed after prior VEGFi.RESULTSThe MTD was sorafenib at a dose of 200 mg twice daily and temsirolimus at a dose of 20 mg weekly. In the first 41 evaluable patients who were treated at the phase 2 dose, there were 7 who were free of disease progression at 6 months (progression‐free survival at 6 months [PFS6]) in the VEGFi‐naive group (17.1%); this finding met the prestudy threshold of success. In the prior VEGFi group, only 4 of the first 41 evaluable patients treated at the phase 2 dose achieved PFS6 (9.8%), and this did not meet the prestudy threshold for success. The median PFS for the 2 groups was 2.6 months and 1.9 months, respectively. The median overall survival for the 2 groups was 6.3 months and 3.9 months, respectively. At least 1 adverse event of grade ≥3 was observed in 75.5% of the VEGFi‐naive patients and in 73.9% of the prior VEGFi patients.CONCLUSIONSThe limited activity of sorafenib and temsirolimus at the dose and schedule used in the current study was observed with considerable toxicity of grade ≥3. Significant dose reductions that were required in this treatment combination compared with tolerated single‐agent doses may have contributed to the lack of efficacy. Cancer 2018;124:1455‐63. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Elevated CO2 induces substantial and persistent declines in forage quality irrespective of warming in mixedgrass prairie
Authors: Augustine David J. , Blumenthal Dana M. , Springer Tim L. , LeCain Daniel R. , Gunter Stacey A. , Derner Justin D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIncreasing atmospheric [CO2] and temperature are expected to affect the productivity, species composition, biogeochemistry, and therefore the quantity and quality of forage available to herbivores in rangeland ecosystems. Both elevated CO2 (eCO2) and warming affect plant tissue chemistry through multiple direct and indirect pathways, such that the cumulative outcomes of these effects are difficult to predict. Here, we report on a 7‐yr study examining effects of CO2 enrichment (to 600 ppm) and infrared warming (+1.5°C day/3°C night) under realistic field conditions on forage quality and quantity in a semiarid, mixedgrass prairie. For the three dominant forage grasses, warming effects on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and tissue [N] were detected only in certain years, varied from negative to positive, and were relatively minor. In contrast, eCO2 substantially reduced IVDMD (two most abundant grasses) and [N] (all three dominant grass species) in most years, except the two wettest years. Furthermore, eCO2 reduced IVDMD and [N] independent of warming effects. Reduced IVDMD with eCO2 was related both to reduced [N] and increased acid detergent fiber (ADF) content of grass tissues. For the six most abundant forage species (representing 96% of total forage production), combined warming and eCO2 increased forage production by 38% and reduced forage [N] by 13% relative to ambient climate. Although the absolute magnitude of the decline in IVDMD and [N] due to combined warming and eCO2 may seem small (e.g., from 63.3 to 61.1% IVDMD and 1.25 to 1.04% [N] for Pascopyrum smithii), such shifts could have substantial consequences for the rate at which ruminants gain weight during the primary growing season in the largest remaining rangeland ecosystem in North America. With forage production increases, declining forage quality could potentially be mitigated by adaptively increasing stocking rates, and through management such as prescribed burning, fertilization at low rates, and legume interseeding to enhance forage quality.
High Energy Density Dielectrics Based on PVDF‐Based Polymers
Authors: Hu Xinping , Yi Kewang , Liu Jie , Chu Baojin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMany applications, such as hybrid vehicles, pulsed power generators, and power factor correction, require capacitors with high energy density to reduce the size or weight of the related systems. For these applications, dielectric film capacitors are often used because of their fast discharge speed and high power density. The energy density of commercial available film capacitors is relatively low and cannot meet the demands for those applications. In the past decade, different polymer‐based dielectric materials have been intensively investigated to improve the energy density of the materials. Here, the progress in developing high energy density polymer‐based dielectric materials is reviewed, and strategies to improve the energy density of dielectric polymers are summarized and discussed. Because polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)‐based polymers have relatively high dielectric properties and have been intensively studied for the energy storage applications, the discussion focuses mainly on PVDF‐based polymers and composites. An outlook for the future directions and problems that will be tackled to further improve the energy density of dielectrics is also provided.
Climate controls on coupled processes of chemical weathering, bioturbation, and sediment transport across hillslopes
Authors: Wackett A.A. , Yoo K. , Amundson R. , Heimsath A.M. , Jelinski N.A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMost hillslope studies examining the interplay between climate and earth surface processes tend to be biased towards eroding parts of landscapes. This limitation makes it difficult to assess how entire upland landscapes, which are mosaics of eroding and depositional areas, evolve physio‐chemically as a function of climate. Here we combine new soil geochemical data and published 10Be‐derived soil production rates to estimate variations in chemical weathering across two eroding‐to‐depositional hillslopes spanning a climate gradient in southeastern Australia. At the warmer and wetter Nunnock River (NR) site, rates of total soil (–3 to –14 g m‐2 yr‐1; negative sign indicates mass loss) and saprolite (–18 to –32 g m‐2 yr‐1) chemical weathering are uniform across the hillslope transect. Alternatively, the drier hillslope at Frog's Hollow (FH) is characterized by contrasting weathering patterns in eroding soils (–30 to –53 g m‐2 yr‐1) vs. depositional soils (+91 g m‐2 yr‐1; positive sign indicates mass addition). This difference partly reflects mineral grain size sorting as a result of upslope bioturbation coupled with water‐driven soil erosion, as well as greater vegetative productivity in moister depositional soils. Both of these processes are magnified in the drier climate. The data reveal the importance of linking the erosion–deposition continuum in hillslope weathering studies in order to fully capture the coupled roles of biota and erosion in driving the physical and chemical evolution of hillslopes. Our findings also highlight the potential limitations of applying current weathering models to landscapes where particle‐sorting erosion processes are active. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of the dorsal anterior insula in sexual risk: Evidence from an erotic Go/NoGo task and real‐world risk‐taking
Authors: Xue Feng , Droutman Vita , Barkley‐Levenson Emily E. , Smith Benjamin J. , Xue Gui , Miller Lynn C. , Bechara Antoine , Lu Zhong‐Lin , Read Stephen J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe insula plays an important role in response inhibition. Most relevant here, it has been proposed that the dorsal anterior insular cortex (dAIC) plays a central role in a salience network that is responsible for switching between the default mode network and the executive control network. However, the insula's role in sexually motivated response inhibition has not yet been studied. In this study, eighty‐five 18‐ to 30‐year‐old sexually active men who have sex with men (MSM) performed an erotic Go/NoGo task while in an MRI scanner. Participants' real‐world sexual risk‐taking (frequency of condomless anal intercourse over the past 90 days) was then correlated with their neural activity during the task. We found greater activity in bilateral anterior insular cortex (both dorsal and ventral) on contrasts with stronger motivational information (attractive naked male pictures versus pictures of clothed, middle‐aged females) and on contrasts requiring greater response inhibition (NoGo versus Go). We also found that activity in the right dAIC was negatively correlated with participants' real‐world sexual risk‐taking. Our results confirmed the involvement of the insular cortex in motivated response inhibition. Especially, the decreased right dAIC activity may reduce the likelihood that the executive control network will come online when individuals are faced with situations requiring inhibitory control and thus lead them to make more risky choices.
Preventing river drowning deaths: Lessons from coronial recommendations
Authors: Peden Amy E. , Franklin Richard C. , Leggat Peter 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIssue addressedCoronial data provide rich information on drowning causal factors. Coroners may make recommendations to prevent future drowning events. Rivers are the leading drowning location in Australia. This study examines coronial recommendations associated with unintentional fatal drowning in Australian rivers from an injury prevention perspective.MethodsAll river drowning cases in Australia between 1 July 2002 and 30 June 2012 were extracted from the National Coronial Information System (NCIS). Recommendations were thematically analysed. Using a deductive process, each unique recommendation was coded to a category aligned to the Hierarchy of Control's 6 levels. An inductive process was used for those not categorised. Recommendations were also coded against a modified SMART principle.ResultsOf the 730 river drownings, 58 cases (7.9%) resulted in 71 unique recommendations. Victorian cases (X2 = 32.1; P < 0.01) and multiple fatality events (X2 = 41.9; P < 0.01) were more likely to have recommendations. Common categories of recommendations were administrative (39.4%) and signage‐related (18.3%). Recommendations were often low on the Hierarchy; namely administrative (67.6%) and behaviour (19.1%). Half (50.7%) satisfied four of six modified SMART principle components.ConclusionCoronial recommendations associated with river drowning in Australia are reasonably rare. Recommendations provide opportunities for organisations to enact change, however, they could be strengthened with a specified time period and higher order control strategies recommended.So what?SMART coronial recommendations may be more successful in achieving the behavioural, social and societal change required to prevent future river drownings. The recommendations examined in this study can be used as a benchmark for what could be considered appropriate safety actions.
Nutrition “fat facts” are not common knowledge
Authors: Harbury Cathy M. , Callister Robin , Collins Clare E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIssue addressedIndividuals who are knowledgeable about nutrition are more likely to eat healthily. Yet, few studies have investigated levels of nutrition knowledge using a validated tool. The present study measured nutrition knowledge using the Re‐examined General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (R‐GNKQ) to confirm influencing demographic characteristics.MethodsAdults aged 18‐60 years were recruited. Nutrition knowledge was assessed using the R‐GNKQ, examining four domains (dietary guidelines, sources of nutrients, choosing everyday foods, and diet‐disease relationships) with 96 questions.ResultsOf 606 respondents (mean age 38.8 ± 11.8 years), 506 completed all questions. R‐GNKQ score was positively associated with education (p<0.001) and age (p<0.001). Those with the highest education levels scored higher across 89% of the R‐GNKQ and the oldest (≥50 years) respondents scored higher than younger respondents. Other characteristics that were associated with higher levels of knowledge were being female, and having a healthy BMI. Lowest knowledge pertained to questions about diet‐disease relationships and fatty acids in foods.ConclusionsThe majority of individuals had a good understanding about the Australian Dietary Guidelines, however the health benefits of adhering to the dietary guidelines was less well understood. Gaps in knowledge pertained to the specific details of how to adhere to the guidelines, particularly knowledge about the types of beneficial fats and their everyday food sources.So what?Those with lower educational attainment, younger, males and those with higher BMI's would benefit from nutrition communications that identify foods with beneficial fatty acids to assist with adherence to the Australian Dietary Guidelines.
Correlation of APRIL with production of inflammatory cytokines during acute malaria in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Pinna Raquel A. , dos Santos Adriana C. , Perce‐da‐Silva Daiana S. , da Silva Luciene A. , da Silva Rodrigo N. Rodrigues , Alves Marcelo R. , Santos Fátima , de Oliveira Ferreira Joseli , Lima‐Junior Josué C. , Villa‐Verde Déa M. , De Luca Paula M. , Carvalho‐Pinto Carla E. , Banic Dalma M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionA proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) and B cell activation factor (BAFF) are known to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including BAFF in malaria. The aim of this study was to investigate whether APRIL and BAFF plasma concentrations could be part of inflammatory responses associated with P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria in patients from the Brazilian Amazon.MethodsBlood samples were obtained from P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria patients (n = 52) resident in Porto Velho before and 15 days after the beginning of treatment and from uninfected individuals (n = 12). We investigated APRIL and BAFF circulating levels and their association with parasitaemia, WBC counts, and cytokine/chemokine plasma levels. The expression levels of transmembrane activator and calcium‐modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) on PBMC from a subset of 5 P. vivax‐infected patients were analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsAPRIL plasma levels were transiently increased during acute P. vivax and P. falciparum infections whereas BAFF levels were only increased during acute P. falciparum malaria. Although P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria patients have similar cytokine profiles during infection, in P. vivax acute phase malaria, APRIL but not BAFF levels correlated positively with IL‐1, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, and IL‐13 levels. We did not find any association between P. vivax parasitaemia and APRIL levels, while an inverse correlation was found between P. falciparum parasitaemia and APRIL levels. The percentage of TACI positive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were increased in the acute phase P. vivax malaria.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the APRIL and BAFF inductions reflect different host strategies for controlling infection with each malaria species.