bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Electronic-Alerting of Acute Kidney Injury: Workgroup Statements from the 15th ADQI Consensus Conference
Authors: Hoste Eric A. J. , Kashani Kianoush , Gibney Noel , Wilson F. Perry , Ronco Claudio , Goldstein Stuart L. , Kellum John A. , Bagshaw Sean M. ,   on behalf of the 15 ADQI Consensus Group
Published: February 2016

Purpose of the review: Among hospitalized patients, acute kidney injury is common and associated with significant morbidity and risk for mortality. The use of electronic health records (EHR) for prediction and detection of this important clinical syndrome has grown in the past decade. The steering committee of the 15th Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) conference dedicated a workgroup with the task of identifying elements that may impact the course of events following Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) e-alert. Sources of information: Following an extensive, non-systematic literature search, we used a modified Delphi process to reach consensus regarding several aspects of the utilization of AKI e-alerts. Findings: Topics discussed in this workgroup included progress in evidence base practices, the characteristics of an optimal e-alert, the measures of efficacy and effectiveness, and finally what responses would be considered best practices following AKI e-alerts. Authors concluded that the current evidence for e-alert system efficacy, although growing, remains insufficient. Technology and human-related factors were found to be crucial elements of any future investigation or implementation of such tools. The group also concluded that implementation of such systems should not be done without a vigorous plan to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of e-alerts. Efficacy and effectiveness of e-alerts should be measured by context-specific process and patient outcomes. Finally, the group made several suggestions regarding the clinical decision support that should be considered following successful e-alert implementation. Limitations: This paper reflects the findings of a non-systematic review and expert opinion. Implications: We recommend implementation of the findings of this workgroup report for use of AKI e-alerts.
Evaluation of shale gas potential of Cambrian Jiulaodong Formation in Wei-201 well block in Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Borkloe Julius Kwame , Pan Renfang , Jin Jineng , Nyantakyi Emmanuel Kwesi , Meng Jianghui 
Published: February 2016

The Cambrian Jiulaodong Formation of the Wei-201 well block in the Sichuan Basin was investigated for shale gas potential. In the subsurface, the thermally mature formation attained a stable thickness of 234 m encompassing an area of approximately [Formula: see text] and representing a potential gas resource. The total gas content measurements from canistered samples was more than the estimated total gas storage capacity of the free gas, absorbed gas, and gas dissolved in water and in oil. The canister gas content ranged between 0.971 and [Formula: see text] and averaged [Formula: see text]. The average estimated gas in place was 2.5 billion cubic meters for the formation in the Weiyuan area. Reflectance measurements for thermal maturity range between 2.60% and 3.06% and average 2.84%. The results of our total organic carbon content (TOC) content analysis conducted on the core shale samples indicate that the TOC content of the formation ranges from 0.87% to 3.57% and averages 2.2%. The mineral composition of marine mudstone formation of the Jiulaodong shale is relatively consistent. Brittle mineral content increases with organic carbon content and is approximately 32%–43%, of which quartz content is 29%–40% with a very low amount of clay mineral as the mixed layer. The amount of illite-smectite ranges from 0% to 1% and the brittleness index range from 37% to 62% and average 57.1%. The Cambrian Jiulaodong Formation ha very good petroleum-source rock potential due to its average TOC content of greater than 2%, average canister gas content of [Formula: see text], good type I kerogen, high maturity with average 2.84% of source rocks that are characterized by a fairly high abundance of organic matter increasing from top to bottom and a large thickness of 234 m. Natural fractures, cracks, and pores developed in the Jiulaodong Formation also provide space for shale gas storage, and its average brittleness index is greater than 57%, which is good for fracability.
Relationship between white matter integrity and serum cortisol levels in drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder: Diffusion tensor imaging study using tract-based spatial statistics
Authors: Liu Xiaodan , Watanabe Keita , Kakeda Shingo , Yoshimura Reiji , Abe Osamu , Ide Satoru , Hayashi Kenji , Katsuki Asuka , Umene-Nakano Wakako , Watanabe Rieko , Ueda Issei , Nakamura Jun , Korogi Yukunori 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundHigher daytime cortisol levels because of a hyperactive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis have been reported in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The elevated glucocorticoids inhibit the proliferation of the oligodendrocytes that are responsible for myelinating the axons of white matter fibre tracts.AimsTo evaluate the relationship between white matter integrity and serum cortisol levels during a first depressive episode in drug-naive patients with MDD (MDD group) using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) method.MethodThe MDD group (n= 29) and a healthy control group (n= 47) underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans and an analysis was conducted using TBSS. Morning blood samples were obtained from both groups for cortisol measurement.ResultsCompared with the controls, the MDD group had significantly reduced fractional anisotropy values (P<0.05, family-wise error (FWE)-corrected) in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus and anterior thalamic radiation. The fractional anisotropy values of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus and anterior thalamic radiation had significantly negative correlations with the serum cortisol levels in the MDD group (P<0.05, FWE-corrected).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the elevated cortisol levels in the MDD group may injure the white matter integrity in the frontal–subcortical and frontal–limbic circuits.
Discontinuation of antidepressant medication after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for recurrent depression: Randomised controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Huijbers Marloes J. , Spinhoven Philip , Spijker Jan , Ruhé Henricus G. , van Schaik Digna J. F. , van Oppen Patricia , Nolen Willem A. , Ormel Johan , Kuyken Willem , van der Wilt Gert Jan , Blom Marc B. J. , Schene Aart H. , Donders A. Rogier T. , Speckens Anne E. M. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundMindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and maintenance antidepressant medication (mADM) both reduce the risk of relapse in recurrent depression, but their combination has not been studied.AimsTo investigate whether MBCT with discontinuation of mADM is non-inferior to MBCT+mADM.MethodA multicentre randomised controlled non-inferiority trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00928980). Adults with recurrent depression in remission, using mADM for 6 months or longer (n= 249), were randomly allocated to either discontinue (n= 128) or continue (n= 121) mADM after MBCT. The primary outcome was depressive relapse/recurrence within 15 months. A confidence interval approach with a margin of 25% was used to test non-inferiority. Key secondary outcomes were time to relapse/recurrence and depression severity.ResultsThe difference in relapse/recurrence rates exceeded the non-inferiority margin and time to relapse/recurrence was significantly shorter after discontinuation of mADM. There were only minor differences in depression severity.ConclusionsOur findings suggest an increased risk of relapse/recurrence in patients withdrawing from mADM after MBCT.
Coordination of Actin- and Microtubule-Based Cytoskeletons Supports Transport of Spermatids and Residual Bodies/Phagosomes During Spermatogenesis in the Rat Testis
Authors: Tang Elizabeth I. , Lee Will M. , Cheng C. Yan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGerm cell transport across the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis requires the intricate coordination of cell junctions, signaling proteins, and both actin- and microtubule (MT)-based cytoskeletons. Although the involvement of cytoskeletons in germ cell transport has been suggested, the precise mechanism(s) remains elusive. Based on growing evidencethat actin and MT interactions underlie fundamental cellular processes, such as cell motility, it is unlikely that actin- and MT-based cytoskeletons work independently to regulate germ cell transport in the testis. Using rats treated with adjudin, a potential male contraceptive that disrupts spermatid adhesion and transport in the testis, as a study model, we show herein that actin- and MT-based cytoskeletons are both necessary for transport of spermatids and residual bodies/phagosomes across the seminiferous epithelium in adult rat testes. Analysis of intratubular expression of F-actin and tubulin revealed disruption of both actin and MT networks, concomitant with misdirected spermatids and phagosomes in rats treated with adjudin. Actin regulatory proteins, epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 and actin-related protein 3, were mislocalized and down-regulated at the actin-rich anchoring junction between germ and Sertoli cells (apical ectoplasmicspecialization) after adjudin treatment. Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase p-FAK-Tyr407, known to regulate F-actin nucleation via actin-related protein 3, was also mislocalized and down-regulated at the apical ectoplasmic specialization, corroborating the observation of actin cytoskeleton disruption. Additionally, spatiotemporal expression of MT regulatory protein end-binding protein 1, shown to be involved in MT-actin cross talk herein, was also disrupted after adjudin treatment. In summary, spermatid/phagosome transport across the epithelium during spermatogenesis requires the coordination between actin- and MT-based cytoskeletons. (Endocrinology 157: 1644–1659, 2016)
Active Warming Utilizing Combined IV Fluid and Forced-Air Warming Decreases Hypothermia and Improves Maternal Comfort During Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Cobb Benjamin , Cho Yuri , Hilton Gillian , Ting Vicki , Carvalho Brendan 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND:
The aim of this study was to apply both IV fluid and forced-air warming to decrease perioperative hypothermia in women undergoing cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia. The authors hypothesize that combined-modality active warming (AW) would increase maternal temperature on arrival at the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and decrease the incidence of maternal perioperative hypothermia (<36°C) compared with no AW.

METHODS:
Forty-six healthy women (n = 23 per group) undergoing scheduled cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia (10–12 mg bupivacaine + 10 μg fentanyl) were enrolled in this double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Women were randomly assigned to receive either AW (warmed IV fluid and lower body forced-air warmer) or no warming (NW; blankets only). SpotOnTM Monitoring System was used to measure core temperature intraoperatively and for 1 hour postoperatively. The primary outcome measure was maternal temperature on arrival at the PACU. Secondary outcome measures included incidence of maternal perioperative hypothermia (<36°C), incidence of shivering, thermal comfort scores (0–100 scale), Apgar scores, and umbilical cord blood gas analysis.

RESULTS:
Demographic, obstetric, and surgical data were similar between study groups. The AW group (35.9°C ± 0.5°C) had a significantly higher temperature on arrival at the PACU compared with the NW group (35.5°C ± 0.5°C, P = 0.006; 95% confidence interval of mean difference, 0.1°C–0.7°C). Fourteen (64%) women in the AW group and 20 (91%) in the NW group were hypothermic during the study period (P = 0.031). Median (interquartile range) thermal comfort scores were 100 (95–100) in the AW group and 90 (70–100) in the NW group (P = 0.008). There were no significant differences in the incidence of intraoperative shivering (22% in the AW and 45% in the NW groups; P = 0.11), Apgar scores, or umbilical vein blood gas values between the study groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Fluid combined with forced-air warming is effective in decreasing the incidence of perioperative hypothermia and improving maternal thermal comfort. However, despite multimodal AW, the majority of women became hypothermic, and shivering was not prevented. The findings suggest that combined AW for cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia is difficult, and only modest benefit should be expected.
Graded effects of unregulated smooth muscle myosin on intestinal architecture, intestinal motility and vascular function in zebrafish
Authors: Abrams Joshua , Einhorn Zev , Seiler Christoph , Zong Alan B. , Sweeney H. Lee , Pack Michael 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Smooth muscle contraction is controlled by the regulated activity of the myosin heavy chain ATPase (Myh11). Myh11 mutations have diverse effects in the cardiovascular, digestive and genitourinary systems in humans and animal models. We previously reported a recessive missense mutation, meltdown (mlt), which converts a highly conserved tryptophan to arginine (W512R) in the rigid relay loop of zebrafish Myh11. The mlt mutation disrupts myosin regulation and non-autonomously induces invasive expansion of the intestinal epithelium. Here, we report two newly identified missense mutations in the switch-1 (S237Y) and coil-coiled (L1287M) domains of Myh11 that fail to complement mlt. Cell invasion was not detected in either homozygous mutant but could be induced by oxidative stress and activation of oncogenic signaling pathways. The smooth muscle defect imparted by the mlt and S237Y mutations also delayed intestinal transit, and altered vascular function, as measured by blood flow in the dorsal aorta. The cell-invasion phenotype induced by the three myh11 mutants correlated with the degree of myosin deregulation. These findings suggest that the vertebrate intestinal epithelium is tuned to the physical state of the surrounding stroma, which, in turn, governs its response to physiologic and pathologic stimuli. Genetic variants that alter the regulation of smooth muscle myosin might be risk factors for diseases affecting the intestine, vasculature, and other tissues that contain smooth muscle or contractile cells that express smooth muscle proteins, particularly in the setting of redox stress.
Desempenho econômico através do tempo
Authors: Notrh Douglas C. 
Published: February 2016

Este ensaio é sobre as instituições e o tempo. Ele não fornece uma teoria da dinâmica econômica comparável à teoria de equilíbrio geral. Ainda não temos tal teoria. Em vez disso, fornece a base inicial de um quadro analítico capaz de aumentar a nossa compreensão da evolução histórica das economias e um guia não refinado para política na tarefa em curso de melhora do desempenho econômico das economias. O quadro analítico é uma modificação da teoria neoclássica. O que se mantém é o pressuposto fundamental da concorrência e, consequentemente, da escassez e das ferramentas analíticas da teoria microeconômica. O que se modifica é o pressuposto da racionalidade. O que se acrescenta é a dimensão do tempo. This essay is about institutions and time. It does not provide a theory of economic dynamics comparable to general equilibrium theory. We do not have such a theory. Rather it provides the initial scaffolding of an analytical framework capable of increasing our understanding of the historical evolution of economies and a necessarily crude guide to policy in the ongoing task of improving the economic performance of economies. The analytical framework is a modification of neo-classical theory. What it retains is the fundamental assumption of scarcity and hence competition and the analytical tools of microeconomic theory. What it modifies is the rationality assumption. What it adds is the dimension of time.
Advogado contratado, segurança jurídica e ampla defesa
Authors: Dallari Adilson Abreu 
Published: February 2016

Este artigo discute comportamento recorrente do Ministério Público, qual seja, o de impugnar a licitude, por meio de ação civil pública ou inquérito civil, de contratos celebrados entre prefeituras e advogados particulares para a prestação de serviços. Tal prática, além de interferir, ignorando o princípio da presunção de inocência, na esfera discricionária da administração pública, não apresenta devidamente, no que concerne o advogado contratado, a possibilidade de ampla defesa, e lesa “sobreprincípio” constitucional: a segurança jurídica. Argumenta-se, ainda, que o Ministério Público não tem competência para promover ações de ressarcimento, que somente poderão ser intentadas pelas próprias municipalidades interessadas, por intermédio de seus procuradores. This article discusses a recurrent behavior on behalf of the Public Prosecutor, which is to appeal against the lawfulness, by means of civil action and investigation, of certain contracts drawn up between municipalities and private attorneys. Such mentioned behavior goes beyond interfering in the discretionary orb of the public administration. It ignores its presumption of innocence, and doesn’t properly present the lawyer with the possibility of full defense, as well as infringes constitutional “superprincipal” of legal security. The article also arguments that the Public Prosecutor does not have the competence to promote legal compensation actions. Those may only be brought forward by the municipalities themselves, through their prosecutors.
Caráter imperativo dos estatutos de universidades privadas: a questão da homologação de decisões pela reitoria
Authors: Guimarães André Sathler 
Published: February 2016

Discute-se a aplicabilidade dos princípios do direito administrativo a instituições universitárias privadas. Apresenta-se para análise caso referente a processo de atribuição de aulas, realizado pela Reitoria da universidade em desacordo com o Estatuto da mesma. Argumenta-se pela prevalência do direito administrativo para aplicação ao caso, apesar de orientação em contrário por parte do Ministério da Educação. There is a discussion about the applicability of administrative right to private universities. There is a case analysis about an administrative process of classes definition, conducted by the President, in disagreement with the university’s bylaws. The arguments shows that there must prevail the administrative right in the case, despite the Ministry of Education guidance in contrary.
Apontamentos sobre a imunidade tributária dos livros, jornais e periódicos e do papel destinado à sua impressão
Authors: Cavalli Cássio 
Published: February 2016

Este artigo é sobre a imunidade tributária dos livros, jornais e periódicos e do papel destinado à sua impressão. Esta hipótese de imunidade tributária foi instituída pela primeira vez na Constituição brasileira de 1946, em um contexto histórico específico. Esta hipótese de imunidade foi prevista pelos textos constitucionais posteriores, mas em contextos históricos e tecnológicos diferentes. Este artigo busca identificar os argumentos relacionados a esta espécie de imunidade tributária ao longo dos tempos, de modo a contribuir para a sua aplicação no contexto histórico e tecnológico atual. This article is about the tax immunity of books, newspapers, periodicals and paper for the printing. This hypothesis of tax immunity was first enacted in the Brazilian Constitution of 1946, in a specific historical context. This hypothesis was provided by subsequent constitutional texts, but in different historical and technological contexts.This article seeks to identify the arguments related to this kind of tax immunity over time in order to contribute to its implementation in the current technological and historical context.
O poder de polícia administrativa e a realização dos direitos fundamentais: um estudo a partir de decisões do STF
Authors: Souza Leonardo da Rocha de 
Published: February 2016

O poder de polícia administrativa está intimamente ligado à realização dos direitos fundamentais, já que pressupõe a limitação de alguns direitos para a realização de outros. O art. 78 do Código Tributário Nacional indica alguns direitos que devem ser protegidos pelo Estado e apresenta requisitos para essa proteção. O presente trabalho analisa os elementos do referido art. 78 à luz de decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal, buscando-se, nos casos práticos, destacar lições para sua aplicação. The administrative police power is closely linked to the achievement of fundamental rights, since it presupposes the restriction of some rights for the realization of others. In the article 78, of National Tax Code, there are some rights should be protected by the State and some requirements for such protection. This paper examines the elements of that article 78 in the light of decisions by the Brazilian Supreme Court, seeking, in practical cases, to highlight lessons for their application.
Agentes políticos eletivos e Direitos Sociais
Authors: Almeida Renato Franco de 
Published: February 2016

Propõe-se averiguar a possibilidade de agentes políticos eletivos auferirem direitos sociais inerentes a trabalhadores, à luz do seu caráter histórico e das cláusulas constitucionais de regência. Busca-se, também, através de exame analítico dos dispositivos constitucionais, propor a incompatibilidade de leis que concedem tais direitos sociais àqueles agentes políticos. One considers to inquire the possibility of agents elective politicians to gain inherent social rights the workers, to the light of its historical character and the constitutional clauses of regency. One searchs, also, through analytical examination of the constitutional devices, to propose the incompatibility of laws that grant to such social rights to those agents politicians.
A constituição do experimentalismo democrático
Authors: Unger Roberto Mangabeira 
Published: February 2016

Este artigo, transcrição de uma palestra, analisa e critica a tradição constitucional brasileira como resultado de duas tradições maiores: o constitucionalismo protodemocrátcio dos Estados Unidos e o weimarismo tardio, característico das constituições europeias do século XX, com sua dedicação a direitos econômicos e sociais, desfalcados de instrumentos de efetivação, e com sua ambivalência em relação ao poder político. Argumenta que as ideias institucionais destas tradições não servem para aprofundar a democracia nas sociedades contemporâneas. Denuncia a falta de realismo e de imaginação em nossa doutrinação constitucional, quase toda ela dedicada à imitação e à mistura das constituições adotadas nos países do Atlântico Norte. Propõe outro rumo. Exemplifica a prática do pensamento jurídico como exercício da imaginação institucional. This article, the transcript of a lecture, analyzes and criticizes the Brazilian constitutional traditional as the outcome of two major traditions: the proto- democratic constitutionalism of the United States and the constitutionalism of Europe in the twentieth century (“belated Weimarism”), with its confused devotion to social and economic rights, unsupported by institutions capable of implementing them, and with its ambivalence to political power. It argues that the institutional ideas of these traditions do not help deepen democracy in contemporary societies. It denounces the lack of realism and of imagination in Brazilian constitutional thinking, almost invariably attached to the imitation and to the blending of the constitutions adopted in North-Atlantic countries. It proposes another way. It exemplifies the practice of legal thought as an exercise of institutional imagination.