bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of the anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody in type 1 diabetes mellitus: Comparison between radioimmunoassay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Murata Takashi , Tsuzaki Kokoro , Nirengi Shinsuke , Watanabe Tomokazu , Mizutani Yukako , Okada Hayami , Tsukamoto Masami , Odori Shinji , Nakagawachi Reiko , Kawaguchi Yaeko , Yoshioka Fumi , Yamada Kazunori , Shimatsu Akira , Kotani Kazuhiko , Satoh‐Asahara Noriko , Sakane Naoki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe distributer of the anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody assay kit using radioimmunoassay (RIA) recently announced its discontinuation, and proposed an alternative kit using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic values of the anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody by RIA and ELISA among type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and control participants.Materials and MethodsA total of 79 type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and 79 age‐matched controls were enrolled and assessed using RIA and ELISA. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values were calculated for cut‐off values (RIA = 1.5 U/mL and ELISA = 5.0 U/mL, respectively). Kappa coefficients were used to test for agreements between the RIA and ELISA methods regarding the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values for diagnosing type 1 diabetes mellitus were 57.0, 97.5, 95.7, and 69.4% by RIA, and 60.8, 100.0, 100.0 and 71.8% by ELISA, respectively. The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus using the RIA and ELISA methods showed substantial agreement with the kappa values of 0.74 for all participants, and of 0.64 for the acute type; however, there was moderate agreement with the kappa value of 0.56 for the slowly progressive type.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that both anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody by RIA and ELISA was useful for diagnosing type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, in the slowly progressive type, the degree of agreement of these two kits was poorer compared with those in all participants or in the acute type.
Insulin resistance and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Kim Jung Hee , Sinn Dong Hyun , Gwak Geum‐Youn , Kang Wonseok , Paik Yong‐Han , Choi Moon Seok , Lee Joon Hyeok , Koh Kwang Cheol , Paik Seung Woon 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground and AimWe analyzed whether insulin resistance (IR) assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA2‐IR) index can stratify hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 1696 chronic HBV‐infected patients (age: 50.0 ± 7.8 years, men = 964 [56.8%]) who underwent detailed health checkup program including C‐peptide and fasting blood glucose measurement and followed up for more than a year were analyzed.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 5.0 years (range, 1.0–10.5 years), 24 patients (1.4%) developed HCC. The HCC incidence rate was higher for patients with higher HOMA2‐IR value than those with lower HOMA2‐IR value (1.7% vs 0.5% for HOMA2‐IR >1.200 vs ≤1.200, P = 0.009). HOMA2‐IR was a significant factor associated with HCC development in multivariable‐adjusted model (HR [95% CI]: 3.25 [1.13–9.31], adjusted for age, sex, cirrhosis, and HBV DNA levels). The association between HOMA2‐IR and HCC was markedly attenuated and became no longer statistically significant (HR [95% CI]: 1.93 [0.57–6.51]) when further adjusted for obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. In subgroup analysis, HOMA2‐IR value was an independent factor associated with HCC in patients without overt metabolic abnormalities (hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome) but not for those with overt metabolic abnormalities.ConclusionInsulin resistance assessed by HOMA2 was associated with the risk of HCC, indicating that HOMA2‐IR can be a useful tool for stratifying the risk of HCC in chronic HBV‐infected patients, particularly in patients without overt metabolic abnormalities.
OPA1 haploinsufficiency induces a BNIP3‐dependent decrease in mitophagy in neurons: relevance to Dominant Optic Atrophy
Authors: Moulis Manon F , Millet Aurélie M , Daloyau Marlène , Miquel Marie‐Christine , Ronsin Brice , Wissinger Bernd , Arnauné‐Pelloquin Laetitia , Belenguer Pascale 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDominant optic atrophy (DOA) is because of mutations in the mitochondrial protein OPA1. The disease principally affects retinal ganglion cells, whose axons degenerate leading to vision impairments, and sometimes other neuronal phenotypes. The exact mechanisms underlying DOA pathogenesis are not known. We previously demonstrated that the main role of OPA1, as a mitochondrial fusogenic and anti‐apoptotic protein, are inhibited by interaction with the stress inducible pro‐apoptotic BNIP3 protein. Because BNIP3 was recently reported to participate in autophagy and mitophagy, we tested the involvement of these processes in DOA pathogenesis. Using an in vitro neuronal model of DOA, we identified a BNIP3 down‐regulation that reduced autophagy and mitophagy. Restoring BNIP3 had a biphasic effect, first rescuing autophagy and mitophagy levels but later leading to cell death. Similarly, in an in vivo mouse model of DOA, we showed that BNIP3 levels are decreased in young adult mice and increase to normal levels upon aging, paralleling disease progression. Altogether, our results indicate that the relationship between OPA1 and BNIP3 may have important bearings on DOA pathogenesis.image
Structural and functional characteristics of the thoracolumbar multifidus muscle in horses
Authors: García Liñeiro J. A. , Graziotti G. H. , Rodríguez Menéndez J. M. , Ríos C. M. , Affricano N. O. , Victorica C. L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe multifidus muscle fascicles of horses attach to vertebral spinous processes after crossing between one to six metameres. The fascicles within one or two metameres are difficult to distinguish in horses. A vertebral motion segment is anatomically formed by two adjacent vertebrae and the interposed soft tissue structures, and excessive mobility of a vertebral motion segment frequently causes osteoarthropathies in sport horses. The importance of the equine multifidus muscle as a vertebral motion segment stabilizer has been demonstrated; however, there is scant documentation of the structure and function of this muscle. By studying six sport horses postmortem, the normalized muscle fibre lengths of the the multifidus muscle attached to the thoracic (T)4, T9, T12, T17 and lumbar (L)3 vertebral motion segments were determined and the relative areas occupied by fibre types I, IIA and IIX were measured in the same muscles after immunohistochemical typying. The values for the normalized muscle fibre lengths and the relative areas were analysed as completely randomized blocks using an anova (P ≤ 0.05). The vertebral motion segments of the T4 vertebra include multifidus bundles extending between two and eight metameres; the vertebral motion segments of the T9, T12, T17 and L3 vertebrae contain fascicles extending between two and four metameres The muscle fibres with high normalized lengths that insert into the T4 (three and eight metameres) vertebral motion segment tend to have smaller physiological cross‐sectional areas, indicating their diminished capacity to generate isometric force. In contrast, the significantly decreased normalized muscle fibre lengths and the increased physiological cross‐sectional areas of the fascicles of three metameres with insertions on T9, T17, T12, L3 and the fascicles of four metameres with insertions on L3 increase their capacities to generate isometric muscle force and neutralize excessive movements of the vertebral segments with great mobility. There were no significant differences in the values of relative areas occupied by fibre types I, IIA and IIX. In considering the relative areas occupied by the fibre types in the multifidus muscle fascicles attached to each vertebral motion segment examined, the relative area occupied by the type I fibres was found to be significantly higher in the T4 vertebral motion segment than in the other segments. It can be concluded that the equine multifidus muscle in horses is an immunohistochemically homogeneous muscle with various architectural designs that have functional significance according to the vertebral motion segments considered. The results obtained in this study can serve as a basis for future research aimed at understanding the posture and dynamics of the equine spine.
Role of human epididymis protein 4 in chemoresistance and prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Lee Seungho , Choi Seowon , Lee Yookyung , Chung Donghae , Hong Suntaek , Park Nohhyun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimHuman epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a novel biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer. This study was designed to evaluate the role of HE4 in chemo‐response against anti‐cancer drugs and prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer.MethodsHE4‐depleted cells and HE4‐overexpressing cells were generated. The effect of HE4 gene silencing and overexpression was examined using a cell viability assay after exposure to chemotherapeutic agents and the signaling pathway. We studied the expression of HE4 in ovarian cancer tissue and the prognostic significance. Cytoplasmic staining was graded for intensity and percentage of positive cells. The grades were multiplied to determine an H‐score.ResultsKnockdown of HE4 in OVCAR‐3 cells resulted in reduction in cell growth and increased sensitivity to paclitaxel and cisplatin compared to control cells. This effect originated from the decreased activation of cell‐growth‐related signaling, such as AKT and Erk mediated by epidermal growth factor (EGF), while overexpression of HE4 resulted in enhanced cell growth and suppressed the anti‐tumorigenic activity of paclitaxel. Activation of AKT and Erk pathways was enhanced in HE4‐overexpressing cells compared to control cells. Based on the results of multivariate analysis, the risk of death was significantly higher in patients with an H‐score > 4.ConclusionHE4 induces chemoresistance against anti‐cancer drugs and activates the AKT and Erk pathways to enhance tumor survival. HE4 expression in ovarian cancer tissue is associated with a worse prognosis for epithelial ovarian cancer patients.
Prevalence of Enteropathogens in Dogs Attending 3 Regional Dog Parks in Northern California
Authors: Hascall K.L. , Kass P.H. , Saksen J. , Ahlmann A. , Scorza A.V. , Lappin M.R. , Marks S.L. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThe prevalence and risk factors for infection with enteropathogens in dogs frequenting dog parks have been poorly documented, and infected dogs can pose a potential zoonotic risk for owners.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and risk factors of infection with enteropathogens and zoonotic Giardia strains in dogs attending dog parks in Northern California and to compare results of fecal flotation procedures performed at a commercial and university parasitology laboratory.AnimalsThree‐hundred dogs attending 3 regional dog parks in Northern California.MethodsProspective study. Fresh fecal specimens were collected from all dogs, scored for consistency, and owners completed a questionnaire. Specimens were analyzed by fecal centrifugation flotation, DFA, and PCR for detection of 11 enteropathogens. Giardia genotyping was performed for assemblage determination.ResultsEnteropathogens were detected in 114/300 dogs (38%), of which 62 (54%) did not have diarrhea. Frequency of dog park attendance correlated significantly with fecal consistency (P = .0039), but did not correlate with enteropathogen detection. Twenty‐seven dogs (9%) were infected with Giardia, and genotyping revealed nonzoonotic assemblages C and D. The frequency of Giardia detection on fecal flotation was significantly lower at the commercial laboratory versus the university laboratory (P = .013), and PCR for Giardia was negative in 11/27 dogs (41%) that were positive on fecal flotation or DFA.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceEnteropathogens were commonly detected in dogs frequenting dog parks, and infection with Giardia correlated with fecal consistency. PCR detection of Giardia had limited diagnostic utility, and detection of Giardia cysts by microscopic technique can vary among laboratories.
Profiles of miRNAs in serum in severe acute drug induced liver injury and their prognostic significance
Authors: Russo Mark W. , Steuerwald Nury , Norton Harry J. , Anderson William E. , Foureau David , Chalasani Naga , Fontana Robert J. , Watkins Paul B. , Serrano Jose , Bonkovsky Herbert L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsDrug induced liver injury (DILI) is challenging because of the lack of biomarkers to predict mortality. Our aim was to describe miRNA changes in sera of subjects with acute idiosyncratic DILI and determine if levels of miRNAs were associated with 6 month mortality.MethodsClinical data and sera were collected from subjects enrolled in the Drug Induced Liver Injury Network prospective study. miRNAs were isolated from serum obtained from 78 subjects within 2 weeks of acute DILI and followed up for 6 months or longer. miRNAs were compared to 40 normal controls and 6 month survivors vs non‐survivors.ResultsThe mean age of the DILI cohort was 48 years, and 55% were female. Eleven (14.1%) subjects died, 10 within 6 months of DILI onset, 5 (45%) liver related. Lower levels of miRNAs‐122, ‐4463 and ‐4270 were associated with death within 6 months (P<.05). None of the subjects with miRNA‐122 greater than the median value died within 6 months for a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 57%. In subjects with a serum albumin <2.8 g/dL and miR‐122<7.89 RFU the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for death within 6 months were 100%, 57%, 38% and 100% respectively.ConclusionsSerum miRNA‐122 combined with albumin accurately identified subjects who died within 6 months of drug induced liver injury. If confirmed prospectively, miRNA‐122 and albumin may be useful in identifying patients at high risk for mortality or liver transplantation.
Liberalism, Post‐liberalism and the Fact‐Value Divide
Authors: Rashkover Randi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractJewish and Christian thought of the modern and contemporary period is frequently described as either liberal or post‐liberal. In lieu of this widely accepted categorization, this essay narrates developments in modern and contemporary Jewish and Christian thought in wake of the impact of the fact‐value dichotomy on theological and ethical discourse. This essay demonstrates the negative ramifications of this logical distinction on Jewish and Christian thought and shows how these negative repercussions can stimulate an immanent critique of this logic and a new paradigm in Jewish and Christian thinking.
Acotiamide improves stress‐induced impaired gastric accommodation
Authors: Ikeo K. , Oshima T. , Sei H. , Kondo T. , Fukui H. , Watari J. , Miwa H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundGastric accommodation is a reflex reaction related to gastric reservoir function. Psychological stress, such as anxiety, inhibits gastric accommodation in humans. Acotiamide enhances the effect of acetylcholine in the enteric nervous system, enhances gastric contractility, and accelerates delayed gastric emptying. However, the effect of acotiamide on stress‐induced impaired gastric accommodation remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the effect of acotiamide on gastric accommodation and stress‐induced impaired gastric accommodation using a conscious guinea pig model.MethodsA polyethylene bag was inserted through the distal region of the gastric body into the proximal stomach of 5‐week‐old male Hartley guinea pigs. Gastric accommodation was evaluated by measuring the intrabag pressure in the proximal stomach after oral administration of a liquid meal. In the stress model, animals were subjected to water‐avoidance stress. Acotiamide (Z‐338) or nizatidine was administered subcutaneously. Fecal output was determined as the number of fecal pellets.Key ResultsAdministration of the liquid meal significantly decreased intrabag pressure, indicating induction of gastric accommodation. Acotiamide treatment prolonged liquid meal‐induced gastric accommodation and significantly increased the number of fecal pellets compared to controls. Water‐avoidance stress significantly inhibited liquid meal‐induced gastric accommodation. Pretreatment with acotiamide significantly improved stress‐induced impaired gastric accommodation. The number of fecal pellets in the acotiamide group increased significantly compared to controls. Acotiamide, but not nizatidine, significantly decreased gastric emptying.Conclusions & InferencesAcotiamide prolongs gastric accommodation and improves stress‐induced impaired gastric accommodation, indicating a potential role for acotiamide in the treatment of functional dyspepsia through its effects on gastric accommodation reactions.
A single base change explains the independent origin of and selection for the nonshattering gene in African rice domestication
Authors: Win Khin Thanda , Yamagata Yoshiyuki , Doi Kazuyuki , Uyama Kazuhiro , Nagai Yasuko , Toda Yosuke , Kani Takahiro , Ashikari Motoyuki , Yasui Hideshi , Yoshimura Atsushi 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Reduced seed shattering was a critical evolutionary step in crop domestication. Two cultivated rice species, Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima, were independently domesticated from the wild species Oryza rufipogon in Asia and Oryza barthii in Africa, respectively. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the c gene, which encodes a trihelix transcription factor, causes nonshattering in O. sativa. However, the genetic mechanism of nonshattering in O. glaberrima is poorly understood.

We conducted an association analysis for the coding sequences of SH3/SH4 in AA‐ genome rice species and the mutation suggested to cause nonshattering was demonstrated to do so using a positional‐cloning approach in the O. sativa genetic background.

We found that the loss of seed shattering in O. glaberrima was caused by an SNP resulting in a truncated SH3/SH4 protein. This mutation appears to be endemic and to have spread in the African gene pool by hybridization with some O. barthii accessions. We showed that interaction between the O. sativa and O. glaberrima domestication alleles of SH3 in heterozygotes induces a ‘throwback’ seed‐shattering phenotype similar to that in the wild species.

Identification of the causative SNP provides new insights into the molecular basis of seed shattering in crops and may facilitate investigation of the history of African rice domestication.
Association of β1‐Adrenergic, M2‐Muscarinic Receptor Autoantibody with Occurrence and Development of Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: HU BING , SUN YANXIANG , LI SHA , SUN JIE , LIU TONG , WU ZIDI , FENG LI 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia and is independently associated with increased risk of stroke and death. Although the exact mechanisms of AF are not completely elucidated, a large number of evidences demonstrate that autoimmunity may play an important role in the initiation, the progression, and the maintenance of AF. In this study, we aimed to compare anti‐β1‐adrenergic receptor autoantibody (anti‐β1‐R) and anti‐M2‐muscarinic receptor autoantibody (anti‐M2‐R) levels between nonvalvular AF patients and healthy control subjects.MethodsThe levels of serum anti‐β1‐R, antinuclear antibodies, and anti‐M2‐R were measured in both groups by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and interleukin (IL)‐6 concentration were measured, respectively, by immunoturbidimetry and chemiluminescence.ResultsAnti‐β1‐R and anti‐M2‐R levels were significantly higher in patients with nonvalvular AF than in healthy controls (anti‐β1‐R 221.11 [132.38–291.69] ng/mL vs 198.14 [125.70–278.40] ng/mL, P < 0.01; anti‐M2‐R 271.81 [144.99–378.20] ng/mL vs 235.01 [121.53–358.99] ng/mL, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the serum levels of IL‐6 and hs‐CRP were higher in the nonvalvular AF group (IL‐6 19.65 ± 5.6 pg/mL vs 6.79 ± 1.09 pg/mL, hs‐CRP 6.03 ± 1.35 mg/L vs 2.73 ± 0.63 mg/L, P < 0.05). Antinuclear antibody (ANA) levels were similar between two groups (ANA 10.55 [1.86–271.8] U/mL vs 10.49 [1.303–161.7] U/mL, P > 0.05). The baseline value of serum anti‐β1‐R (odds ratio [OR]: 13.176, P < 0.001), anti‐M2‐R (OR: 4.41, P < 0.001), IL‐6 (OR: 6.126, P < 0.05) levels, and left atrial diameter (OR: 5.781, P < 0.05) were independent predictors of nonvalvular AF by multivariable analyses.ConclusionWe found a significant association between circulating serum anti‐β1‐R, anti‐M2‐R, IL‐6 levels, and nonvalvular AF. We presume that the autoimmunity and inflammation might take part in electrical remodeling and structural remodeling of left atrium.
A Critical Caring Theory of Protection for Migrants and Seasonal Farmworkers
Authors: Shearer Jennifer E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPesticide exposures represent inequities among a vulnerable population of migrant and seasonal farmworkers. A social justice theory synthesized from an environmental health research framework, a middle range theory of critical caring, and literature on pesticide exposure is presented as a situation‐specific public health practice theory. Concepts from the physiological, epistemological, vulnerability, and health protection domains are related to concepts of critical caring revealing protective strategies for vulnerable populations exposed to pesticides. The key concepts are risk exposure, community assessment, transpersonal health promotion, community competence, and controllability. Protection from exposure involves raising awareness, critically assessing communities, educating for empowerment, building capacity, and advocating to ensure social justice. Critical caring protection is provided in a mutually respectful relationship that promotes responsibility at the individual and population levels.
Acute exercise has a general facilitative effect on cognitive function: A combined ERP temporal dynamics and BDNF study
Authors: Chang Yu‐Kai , Alderman Brandon L. , Chu Chien‐Heng , Wang Chun‐Chih , Song Tai‐Fen , Chen Feng‐Tzu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study examined whether acute moderate intensity exercise results in a general or selective improvement in cognitive function. In addition, multiple stimulus‐locked ERP components and serum BDNF levels were assessed to investigate potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying acute exercise effects on select aspects of cognitive performance. Thirty young adults were recruited and participated in exercise and reading control sessions in a counterbalanced order. Following treatments, the Stroop task was administrated, and N1, N2, P3, and N450 components of the ERP waveform were recorded and analyzed. Additionally, blood samples were withdrawn immediately following exercise or rest conditions prior to administration of the Stroop task. Acute exercise facilitated response times for both Stroop congruent and incongruent task conditions, with a similar magnitude of improvement. Larger P3 and reduced N450 amplitudes as well as decreased N450 latency were observed following exercise, but no effects on N1 and N2 components were found. This dose of exercise also did not influence serum BDNF levels. These findings suggest that moderate intensity acute exercise results in a generalized rather than selective improvement in cognition. The facilitation may be related to an increase in attentional or neural resource allocation and conflict detection processes reflected by longer latency endogenous components (P3, N450), but is not influenced by earlier sensory and monitoring processes revealed by earlier ERP components or by serum levels of BDNF.