bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of candidates for interacting galaxy clusters
Authors: Gonzalez Elizabeth Johana , de los Rios Martín , Oio Gabriel A. , Hernández Lang Daniel , Aguirre Tagliaferro Tania , Domínguez R. Mariano J. , Nilo Castellón José Luis , Cuevas L. Héctor , Valotto Carlos A. 
Published: January 2018

Context. Merging galaxy clusters allow for the study of different mass components, dark and baryonic, separately. Also, their occurrence enables to test the ΛCDM scenario, which can be used to put constraints on the self-interacting cross-section of the dark-matter particle.Aim. It is necessary to perform a homogeneous analysis of these systems. Hence, based on a recently presented sample of candidates for interacting galaxy clusters, we present the analysis of two of these cataloged systems.Methods. In this work, the first of a series devoted to characterizing galaxy clusters in merger processes, we perform a weak lensing analysis of clusters A1204 and A2029/A2033 to derive the total masses of each identified interacting structure together with a dynamical study based on a two-body model. We also describe the gas and the mass distributions in the field through a lensing and an X-ray analysis. This is the first of a series of works which will analyze these type of system in order to characterize them.Results. Neither merging cluster candidate shows evidence of having had a recent merger event. Nevertheless, there is dynamical evidence that these systems could be interacting or could interact in the future.Conclusions. It is necessary to include more constraints in order to improve the methodology of classifying merging galaxy clusters. Characterization of these clusters is important in order to properly understand the nature of these systems and their connection with dynamical studies.
Searches for magnetic monopoles with IceCube
Authors: Pollmann Anna 
Published: January 2018

Particles that carry a magnetic monopole charge are proposed by various theories which go beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The expected mass of magnetic monopoles varies depending on the theory describing its origin, generally the monopole mass far exceeds those which can be created at accelerators. Magnetic monopoles gain kinetic energy in large scale galactic magnetic fields and, depending on their mass, can obtain relativistic velocities.
IceCube is a high energy neutrino detector using the clear ice at the South Pole as a detection medium. As monopoles pass through this ice they produce optical light by a variety of mechanisms. With increasing velocity, they produce light by catalysis of baryon decay, luminescence in the ice associated with electronic excitations, indirect and direct Cherenkov light from the monopole track, and Cherenkov light from cascades induced by pair creation and photonuclear reactions. By searching for this light, current best limits for the monopole flux over a broad range of velocities was achieved using the IceCube detector. A review of these magnetic monopole searches is presented.
Cranial Nerve Preservation Following Surgical Treatment for Epidermoid Cysts of the Posterior and Middle Fossae
Authors: Grahnke Kurt , Burkett Daniel , Li Daphne , Szujewski Caroline , Leonetti John , Anderson Douglas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEpidermoid cysts are rare lesions, accounting for 0.2 to 1.8% of all intracranial tumors. They most commonly occur in the cerebellopontine angle where they may cause a breadth of neurologic complications due to mass effect on the nearby cranial nerves (CN), vascular structures, and the brain stem. Treatment of epidermoid cysts is surgical, with the goal of complete resection using microsurgical technique and even more importantly preservation of the involved CNs, vasculature, and brain parenchyma. Successful surgery can result in total resolution of symptoms, but, in certain situations, may not be advisable due to adherence, scarring, or inflammation making dissection of CN fascicles difficult and possibly hazardous. We conducted a retrospective review from 1998 to 2016 and compiled a series of 28 skull base epidermoid cysts operated on at our institution. Cases were evaluated for presenting symptoms, history of prior resection, and postoperative results including CN function, extent of resection, residual tumor, and need for reoperations. The average tumor size (largest diameter) was 3.9 cm with a range of 1 to 7cm. Eighteen of twenty-eight (64%) patients underwent a gross total resection and ten underwent subtotal resection. No patients, whether presenting with CN deficits or not, experienced permanent worsening of CN function following surgery. Complete resection of epidermoid cysts should remain a high priority of therapy, but, in our opinion, preservation of CN function should be a primary goal, determining the extent of resection to provide patients with the highest quality of life possible following surgery.
Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Retrochiasmatic Craniopharyngioma with Fascia Lata Button and Nasoseptal Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Kshettry Varun , Nyquist Gurston , Evans James 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSurgery for craniopharyngiomas can be challenging due to the involvement of multiple critical neurovascular structures. The expanded endoscopic endonasal approach can provide superior access to suprasellar craniopharyngiomas, particularly with retrochiasmatic extension and significant hypothalamic involvement. We describe the surgical technique used to treat a 30-year-old patient who presented with 4 weeks of worsening vision, fatigue, and memory loss. His vision was counting fingers at 1 feet on the right and 20/800 on the left with a temporal hemianopsia. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated central hypoadrenalism, hypothyroidism, and hypogonadism. Imaging showed a large solid and cystic suprasellar mass. The transtubercular approach with removal of the lateral tubercular strut can provide wide bilateral access to the opticocarotid region. The superior intercavernous sinus must be coagulated and ligated. Initial arachnoid dissection is centered at the midline, mobilizing the superior hypophyseal branches to the optic apparatus laterally. The cyst capsule is opened and care is taken to minimize spillage of cyst fluid into the subarachnoid space. Central debulking and then extracapsular dissection is performed under direct visualization using sharp dissection. Reconstruction of the dura is performed with an inlay/onlay fascia lata button that is held together with four sutures that hold the graft edges against the native dural edges. This is followed by vascularized nasoseptal flap reconstruction. No lumbar drain or nonabsorbable packing is required. The patient's vision had dramatic improvement and by 1 week postoperatively was 20/20 with full visual fields. Postoperative diabetes insipidus was managed with nasal desmopressin. Postoperative MRI demonstrated complete removal.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/QQxCNUcq1qg.
Acute hepatitis as a prequel to very severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Weiler-Normann Christina , Hartl Johannes , Weidemann Sören , von Pein Ute-Marie , Fiedler Walter , Schramm Christoph , Brinkert Florian , Kröger Nicolaus , Christopeit Maximilian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSevere aplastic anemia is a rare and potentially life-threatening disease of the bone marrow often requiring allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pathogenesis of the disease can vary and often remains enigmatic. Occasionally, severe aplastic anemia is associated with prior severe acute hepatitis. Differential diagnosis of acute non-viral hepatitis challenges the physician as pathogenesis remains unclear.We here present a case of a young patient presenting with acute hepatitis followed by severe aplastic anemia successfully treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Due to immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine for acute hepatitis of putative autoimmune pathogenesis and coincident infection with parvovirus B19, diagnosis of the sequential disease of acute hepatitis followed by severe aplastic anemia was complicated. We discuss the caveats and present a review of the literature.
Die Fremdkörperingestion – eine seltene Ursache persistierender, unklarer abdomineller Schmerzen
Authors: Kasper Philipp , Kütting Fabian , Schlößer Hans , Mönig Stefan , Goeser Tobias , Jaspers Natalie 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund Ein 50-jähriger Patient stellt sich mit rechtsseitigen Unterbauchschmerzen in der Notaufnahme vor. Er gibt an, dass jene Beschwerden seit ca. 5 Monaten bestünden und bei der Miktion an Intensität zunähmen.
Untersuchungen Nach einer Vielzahl frustraner diagnostischer Maßnahmen (CT Abdomen, MR-Sellink, Ileokoloskopie) gelingt es letztlich mittels Darmsonografie, einen ingestierten Zahnstocher im terminalen Ileum als Ursache für die Beschwerden zu identifizieren. Jener perforiert die Darmwand lokal und affektiert die angrenzende Blasenwand bei jeder Erhöhung des intraabdominellen Druckes schmerzhaft.
Therapie und Verlauf Explorative Laparotomie mit Nachweis eines entzündlichen Konglomerattumors mit ileosigmoidaler Fistel im rechten Unterbauch. Die Entzündungsreaktion wird durch einen das terminale Ileum zweifach perforierenden Zahnstocher verursacht. Die operative Versorgung erfolgt mittels Ileumsegmentresektion und Sigmaresektion mit End-zu-End-Anastomosierung. Im postoperativen Verlauf kommt es zu einer subkutanen Wundheilungsstörung, die mittels VAC-Therapie versorgt wird. Am 16. postoperativen Tag kann der Patient in einem guten Allgemeinzustand nach Hause entlassen werden.
Folgerung Eine Fremdkörperingestion stellt eine seltene, aber relevante Differenzialdiagnose unklarer abdomineller Schmerzen, insbesondere im Kindesalter, dar. Neben einer ausführlichen Anamnese sollte als primäre apparative Maßnahme stets zunächst eine qualifizierte und sorgfältig durchgeführte Abdomensonografie erfolgen, mithilfe derer auch strahlentransparente ingestierte Fremdkörper detektiert werden können.
Regionale Versorgungsaspekte des akuten Myokardinfarktes im Nordosten Deutschlands
Authors: Salzwedel Annett , Völler Heinz , Reibis Robert , Bonaventura Klaus , Behrens Steffen , Reibis Rona 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In den letzten Jahrzehnten führte die leitliniengerechte Therapie des akuten Myokardinfarktes (MI) zu einer Mortalitätsreduktion in Deutschland, wobei zwischen einzelnen Bundesländern erhebliche Unterschiede beschrieben werden. Ziel war es daher, die aktuelle Versorgungssituation von Patienten mit MI in der Region Nordost-Deutschland (Berlin, Brandenburg [BRB] und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [MV]) zu untersuchen und Prädiktoren der 1-Jahresmortalität unter Berücksichtigung der regionalen Zuordnung zu identifizieren.
Methode Auf Basis pseudonymisierter Abrechnungsdaten einer gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung wurden für das Jahr 2012 anhand des ICD 10-Codes I21 und I22 von 1 387 084 Versicherten insgesamt 6733 Patienten mit stationärer Aufnahme bei MI gefiltert. Neben der Krankenhaus- und 1-Jahresmortalität wurden potenzielle Prognoseprädiktoren unter Berücksichtigung von Komorbiditäten, periinfarziellen Prozeduren und sekundärpräventiver Pharmakotherapie erfasst und im Ländervergleich analysiert.
Ergebnisse Sowohl die Krankenhaus- als auch die 1-Jahresmortalitätsrate der einzelnen Länder (Berlin 13,6 resp. 27,5 %, BRB 13,9 resp. 27,9 %, MV 14,4 resp. 29,0 %) war vergleichbar zur Gesamtrate (13,9 % resp. 28,0 %) und im Ländervergleich weitgehend identisch. Die multiple Analyse der Einflussfaktoren auf die 1-Jahresmortalität identifizierte vor allem die Koronarangiografie (OR 0,42, 95 % KI 0,35 – 0,51, p < 0,001) und die Umsetzung der pharmakologischen Leitlinienempfehlungen (OR 0,14, 95 % KI 0,12 – 0,17, p < 0,001) als wesentliche Maßnahmen zur Risikoreduktion. Bei beiden Einflussfaktoren lagen univariat keine statistischen Unterschiede zwischen den drei Bundesländern vor.
Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegenden Daten lassen auf eine vergleichbare stationäre und poststationäre Versorgung und 1-Jahresprognose von Patienten mit akutem MI in den Bundesländern Berlin, Brandenburg und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in der untersuchten Population schließen, wobei insbesondere der Durchführung einer Koronarangiografie und der adäquaten Umsetzung einer leitliniengerechten Pharmakotherapie prognostische Bedeutung zukommt.
Kombination von NAFLD Fibrosis Score und transienter Elastografie zur Identifikation mittelgradiger Fibrosestadien (II/III) bei nicht-alkoholischer Fettlebererkrankung
Authors: Drolz Andreas , Wehmeyer Malte , Diedrich Tom , Piecha Felix , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian , Kluwe Johannes 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) gehört mittlerweile weltweit zu den häufigsten Ursachen für eine chronische Leberschädigung. Aktuell sind die therapeutischen Optionen limitiert und neue pharmakologische Therapieoptionen werden primär im Rahmen von Studien untersucht. Da viele aktuelle Studien zumeist auf NAFLD-Patienten mit den Fibrosestadien II und III (nach Kleiner) abzielen, ist die nicht-invasive Identifikation dieser Patienten von zunehmender Bedeutung.
Ziel Evaluation von Lebersteifigkeitsmessung (LSM) und NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS) im Hinblick auf die Vorhersage eines Fibrosestadiums II/III.
Methoden Patienten mit bioptisch gesicherter NAFLD Diagnose wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Vor der Leberbiopsie wurden alle Patienten klinisch, laborchemisch und mittels LSM evaluiert. Anschließend wurde die Vorhersagekraft von NFS und LSM im Hinblick auf das Vorliegen einer Fibrose Stadium II/III untersucht.
Ergebnisse 134 NALFD-Patienten wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen und untersucht. Das mittlere Alter betrug 53 (IQR 36 – 60) Jahre, 55 Patienten (41 %) waren weiblich. 82 % der Patienten waren übergewichtig/adipös mit typischen Befundkonstellationen des Metabolischen Syndroms. 84 Patienten (66 %) zeigten Zeichen einer Fibrose, bei 42 (50 %) bestand eine fortgeschrittene Fibrose. LSM und NFS korrelierten mit dem Fibrosestadium (r = 0,696 bzw. r = 0,685, p < 0,01). NFS-Werte zwischen –2,0 und + 0,5 und LSM-Werte zwischen 8 und 22kPa waren mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Vorliegen eines Fibrosestadiums II/III assoziiert. Wenn beide dieser Kriterien erfüllt waren, bestand zu 61 % ein Fibrosestadium II/II. Wenn hingegen keines der beiden Kriterien erfüllt war, lag die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Fibrose II/III lediglich bei 6 % (negativer prädiktiver Wert 94 %).
Schlussfolgerung Die Kombination von LSM und NFS ermöglicht die Identifikation von Patienten mit erhöhtem Risiko für ein Fibrosestadium II/III. Daher könnte der Einsatz dieser beiden nicht-invasiven Tests speziell in Kombination als Screening-Tool für NAFLD-Patienten im Hinblick auf das Vorhandensein einer Fibrose II/III eingesetzt werden. Durch den Einsatz dieser Verfahren könnten außerdem nicht-notwendige Biopsien vermieden werden.
Maximising the availability and use of high-quality evidence for policymaking: collaborative, targeted and efficient evidence reviews
Authors: Gavine Anna , MacGillivray Steve , Ross-Davie Mary , Campbell Kirstie , White Linda , Renfrew Mary 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA number of barriers have been identified to getting evidence into policy. In particular, a lack of policy relevance and lack of timeliness have been identified as causing tension between researchers and policy makers. Rapid reviews are used increasingly as an approach to address timeliness, however, there is a lack of consensus on the most effective review methods and they do not necessarily address the need of policy makers. In the course of our work with the Scottish Government’s Review of maternity and neonatal services we developed a new approach to evidence synthesis, which this paper will describe. We developed a standardised approach to produce collaborative, targeted and efficient evidence reviews for policy making. This approach aimed to ensure the reviews were policy relevant, high quality and up-to-date, and which were presented in a consistent, transparent, and easy to access format. The approach involved the following stages: 1) establishing a review team with expertise both in the topic and in systematic reviewing, 2) clarifying the review questions with policy makers and subject experts (i.e., health professionals, service user representatives, researchers) who acted as review sponsors, 3) developing review protocols to systematically identify quantitative and qualitative review-level evidence on effectiveness, sustainability and acceptability; if review level evidence was not available, primary studies were sought, 4) agreeing a framework to structure the analysis of the reviews around a consistent set of key concepts and outcomes; in this case a published framework for maternal and newborn care was used, 5) developing an iterative process between policy makers, reviewers and review sponsors, 6) rapid searches and retrieval of literature, 7) analysis of identified literature which was mapped to the framework and included review sponsor input, 8) production of recommendations mapped to the agreed framework and presented as ‘summary topsheets’ in a consistent and easy to read format. Our approach has drawn on different components of pre-existing rapid review methodology to provide a rigorous and pragmatic approach to rapid evidence synthesis. Additionally, the use of a framework to map the evidence helped structure the review questions, expedited the analysis and provided a consistent template for recommendations, which took into account the policy context. We therefore propose that our approach (described in this paper) can be described as producing collaborative, targeted and efficient evidence reviews for policy makers.
Structural basis of STAT2 recognition by IRF9 reveals molecular insights into ISGF3 function
Authors: Rengachari Srinivasan , Groiss Silvia , Devos Juliette M. , Caron Elise , Grandvaux Nathalie , Panne Daniel 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceCytokines interact with their receptors and activate JAK–STAT signaling pathways that lead to changes in gene expression. In mammals, there are seven STATs that have arisen due to gene duplication and genetic drift. STATs have similar DNA binding specificity, and how individual STATs have subfunctionalized to regulate very specific cytokine responses in cells is poorly understood. Here we describe X-ray structures that show how one STAT family member, STAT2, specifically pairs with a member of the IRF family of transcription factors, IRF9. Despite overall structural similarity among STAT and IRF family members, surface features in the interacting domains of IRF9 and STAT2 have diverged to enable specific interaction between these family members and to enable the antiviral response.
Aliud pro alio
Authors: Poppi Fabio I. M. , Gattinara Pietro Castelli 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article explores how narratives create connections between the micro-context and the macro-context, focusing on the narratives produced by a neo-Nazi group within ‘Blood and Honour’, a neo-Nazi gathering in Italy. The analysis presents a series of thematic narratives that describe how the neo-Nazi members see themselves in daily life, with their private and family sphere and how they aim to impact the political and cultural world. From these narratives, it is possible to understand how the neo-Nazi group sees society and justify the marginal role that they occupy in modern society. From this perspective, narratives operate as symbolic practice of identity creation in which members of the group negotiate new images of themselves and of their political and cultural movement. As we show, the neo-Nazi members aim to obtain legitimation and recognition in order to express a greater symbolic and social power.
Derivational complexity vs. transfer effects
Authors: Hopp Holger , Putnam Michael T. , Vosburg Nora 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe investigate whether non-targetwh-questions in heritage Low German and L2 English speakers are due primarily to cross-linguistic transfer or the reduction of grammatical complexity in developing grammars as modelled by the Derivational Complexity Hypothesis (DCH,Jakubowicz 2005). Previous research shows that complex (i.e. cross-clausal)wh-dependencies pose more difficulty to child L1 and adult L2 learners than monoclausal dependencies (Jakubowicz & Strik, 2008;Schulz, 2011;Slavkov, 2015). To avoid complex dependencies, learners often use medial constructions where thewh-item surfaces once at the left periphery of the embedded CP and a second time at the left periphery of the matrix clause. Medial-whis ungrammatical in English, though possible in German and its varieties, e.g. the low German Plautdietsch. In this study, we investigate the linguistic behavior of twelve (n = 12) bilingual Plautdietsch-English speakers in Southwestern Kansas, analyzing their production and judgments ofwh-questions in both languages. In production and judgment tasks, we find that, in the L1, only heritage speakers produced medial-wh, while in L2 English, only late L2 learners produced medial-wh. This pattern cannot be due to transfer, since speakers produce medial-whin only one of their languages. Instead, medial-whsurfaces as a mechanism to reduce syntactic complexity in the less dominant language, irrespective of whether it is the L1 or the L2 or whether it was acquired early or late. We argue that the DCH can account for grammatical restructuring in both heritage L1 speakers and late L2 speakers and discuss its potential as a metric of incomplete acquisition and attrition in bilingual syntax.
Building bridges with words: an inferential account of ethical univocity
Authors: Warren Mark Douglas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExplaining genuine moral disagreement is a challenge for metaethical theories. For expressivists, this challenge comes from the plausibility of agents making seemingly univocal claims while expressing incongruent conative attitudes. I argue that metaethical inferentialism – a deflationary cousin to expressivism, which locates meaning in the inferential import of our moral assertions rather than the attitudes they express – offers a unique solution to this problem. Because inferentialism doesn’t locate the source of moral disagreements in a clash between attitudes, but instead in conflicts between the inferential import of ethical assertions, the traditional problem for expressivism can be avoided. After considering two forms of inferentialism that lead to revenge versions of the problem, I conclude by recommending that we understand the semantics of moral disagreements pragmatically: the source of univocity does not come from moral or semantic facts waiting to be described, but instead from the needs that ethical and semantic discourses answer – a solution to the problems of what we are to do and how we are to talk about it.
Freedom and the value of games
Authors: Gingerich Jonathan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis essay explores the features in virtue of which games are valuable or worthwhile to play. The difficulty view of games holds that the goodness of games lies in their difficulty: by making activities more complex or making them require greater effort, they structure easier activities into more difficult, therefore more worthwhile, activities. I argue that a further source of the value of games is that they provide players with an experience of freedom, which they provide both as paradigmatically unnecessary activities and by offering opportunities for relatively unconstrained choice inside the ‘lusory’ world that players inhabit.