bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZING THE YOUNGEST HERSCHEL-DETECTED PROTOSTARS. II. MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS FROM THE MILLIMETER AND THE FAR-INFRARED*
Authors: Tobin John J. , Stutz Amelia M. , Manoj P. , Megeath S. Thomas , Karska Agata , Nagy Zsofia , Wyrowski Friedrich , Fischer William J. , Watson Dan M. , Stanke Thomas 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We present Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) CO (

) observations and Herschel PACS spectroscopy, characterizing the outflow properties toward extremely young and deeply embedded protostars in the Orion molecular clouds. The sample comprises a subset of the Orion protostars known as the PACS Bright Red Sources (PBRS; Stutz et al.). We observed 14 PBRS with CARMA and 8 of these 14 with Herschel, acquiring full spectral scans from 55 to 200 μm. Outflows are detected in CO (

) from 8 of 14 PBRS, with two additional tentative detections; outflows are also detected from the outbursting protostar HOPS 223 (V2775 Ori) and the Class I protostar HOPS 68. The outflows have a range of morphologies; some are spatially compact, <10,000 au in extent, while others extend beyond the primary beam. The outflow velocities and morphologies are consistent with being dominated by intermediate inclination angles (80° ≥ i ≥ 20°). This confirms the interpretation of the very red 24–70 μm colors of the PBRS as a signpost of high envelope densities, with only one (possibly two) cases of the red colors resulting from edge-on inclinations. We detect high-J (J
up > 13) CO lines and/or H2O lines from 5 of 8 PBRS and only for those with detected CO outflows. The far-infrared CO rotation temperatures of the detected PBRS are marginally colder (∼230 K) than those observed for most protostars (∼300 K), and only one of these five PBRS has detected [O i] 63 μm emission. The high envelope densities could be obscuring some [O i] emission and cause a ∼20 K reduction to the CO rotation temperatures.
STUDY OF SWIFT/BAT SELECTED LOW-LUMINOSITY ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI OBSERVED WITH SUZAKU
Authors: Kawamuro Taiki , Ueda Yoshihiro , Tazaki Fumie , Terashima Yuichi , Mushotzky Richard 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We systematically analyze the broadband (0.5–200 keV) X-ray spectra of hard X-ray (>10 keV) selected local low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs) observed with Suzaku and Swift/BAT. The sample consists of 10 LLAGNs detected with Swift/BAT with intrinsic 14–195 keV luminosities smaller than 1042 erg s−1 available in the Suzaku archive, covering a wide range of the Eddington ratio from 10−5 to 10−2. The overall spectra can be reproduced with an absorbed cut-off power law, often accompanied by reflection components from distant cold matter, and/or optically thin thermal emission from the host galaxy. In all of the objects, relativistic reflection components from the innermost disk are not required. Eight objects show a significant narrow iron-Kα emission line. Comparing their observed equivalent widths with the predictions from the Monte-Carlo-based torus model by Ikeda et al. (2009), we constrain the column density in the equatorial plane to be

, or the torus half-opening angle θ
oa < 70°. We infer that the Eddington ratio (λ
Edd) is a key parameter that determines the torus structure of LLAGNs: the torus becomes large at λ
Edd ≳ 2 × 10−4, whereas at lower accretion rates it is little developed. The luminosity correlation between the hard X-ray and mid-infrared (MIR) bands of the LLAGNs follows the same correlation as for more luminous AGNs. This implies that mechanisms other than AGN-heated dust are responsible for the MIR emission in low Eddington ratio LLAGNs.
Agir avec l’animal. Pour une approche ethnographique des relations hybrides
Authors: Rémy Catherine 
Published: October 2016

Cet article présente les apports de recherches récentes en sociologie, consacrées au thème des relations homme / animal. La sociologie de l’action située qui a redonné une place aux artefacts dans l’accomplissement des activités, mais aussi la sociologie interactionniste et l’ethnométhodologie, ont ouvert de nouvelles pistes et proposé de nouvelles méthodes pour décrire et comprendre les relations hybrides. Pour certains auteurs, le sociologue doit être capable de comprendre la perspective de l’ensemble des interactants, humains ou non. La position défendue dans cet article est plus prudente : l’objectif n’est pas d’adopter le point de vue de l’animal, mais bien plutôt de suivre les acteurs humains dans leurs rencontres avec les animaux et de décrire les modes d’engagement – empathiques ou bien objectivants – qu’ils mettent en œuvre. Le rôle du sociologue n’est donc pas de développer une approche éthologique du comportement des animaux, mais plutôt de regarder comment la question de la présence des animaux est travaillée, traitée en situation par les acteurs.
Extension de la question de « l’ordre social » aux interactions hommes / animaux. une approche ethnométhodologique
Authors: Mondémé Chloé 
Published: October 2016

L’approche ethnométhodologique et conversationnaliste réalise un décentrement du regard sociologique qui, en spécifiant la notion « d’ordre social », autorise de manière inédite la prise en compte des interactions entre hommes et animaux dans la description sociologique. Dans le même temps, cette approche propose des outils analytiques et méthodologiques originaux qui donnent une prise pour la description empirique des interactions interspécifiques. C’est à la fois à la présentation des principaux enjeux de la pensée ethnométhodologique qui éclairent la question des interactions hommes / animaux, et à la discussion de certains de ces travaux empiriques, que le présent article se consacre.
Le gouvernement à crédit. Tâtonnements des gouvernants, aveuglement des gouvernés ?
Authors: Crespy Cécile , Simoulin Vincent 
Published: October 2016

Cet article s’interroge sur la réalité et la portée du développement de formes de contrôle à distance, étant entendu que les gouvernements des territoires sont effectivement en profonde transformation. En s’appuyant sur l’étude de dispositifs promus depuis le milieu des années 2000 dans différents domaines d’action publique, il avance que ce mode de gouvernement repose sur le crédit que les acteurs lui apportent et leur cécité sur la difficulté qu’éprouve désormais l’État à réunir des financements assez conséquents et précis pour avoir une action réelle sur les territoires. Peut-on à ce titre parler de « pilotage » alors que, à force de chercher à s’affirmer par rapport à leurs services déconcentrés, les acteurs administratifs centraux se sont condamnés à des stratégies dont les modalités pratiques sont bricolées et les objectifs reconstruits rétrospectivement ?
Mobile Learning For Preschool Education
Authors: Drigas Athanasios , Kokkalia Georgia , Economou Alexandra 
Published: October 2016

Nowadays preschool education is considered crucial for a child’s development. Recent researches support the view that the role of kindergarten in children’s progress is very important, as this age is sensitive for their future academic and social life. The use of mobile learning is recognized as a tool that can foster the knowledge and the experiences for this age and the support of specific areas according to the educational perspective. In this paper we try to give a brief overview of the most representative studies of the last decade (2005-2015), which focus on the skills that are explored in kindergarten and are supported by the mobile applications. The effectiveness of mobile learning in special preschool education is also explored.
T Cell–Independent Mechanisms Associated with Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Selective Autophagy in IL-17A–Mediated Epidermal Hyperplasia
Authors: Suzuki Erika , Maverakis Emanual , Sarin Ritu , Bouchareychas Laura , Kuchroo Vijay K. , Nestle Frank O. , Adamopoulos Iannis E. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
IL-17A has been strongly associated with epidermal hyperplasia in many cutaneous disorders. However, because IL-17A is mainly produced by αβ and γδT cells in response to IL-23, the role of T cells and IL-23 has overshadowed any IL-17A–independent actions. In this article, we report that IL-17A gene transfer induces epidermal hyperplasia in Il23r−/−Rag1−/−- and Tcrδ-deficient mice, which can be prevented by neutrophil depletion. Moreover, adoptive transfer of CD11b+Gr-1hi cells, after IL-17A gene transfer, was sufficient to phenocopy the disease. We further show that the IL-17A–induced pathology was prevented in transgenic mice with impaired neutrophil extracellular trap formation and/or neutrophils with conditional deletion of the master regulator of selective autophagy, Wdfy3. Our data demonstrate a novel T cell–independent mechanism that is associated with neutrophil extracellular trap formation and selective autophagy in IL-17A–mediated epidermal hyperplasia.
The effectiveness of sensory stimulation therapy to strengthen the resilience of operating room nurses
Authors: Marais Chantal , Du Plessis Emmerentia , Koen Magdalene P 
Published: October 2016

Background: Operating room (OR) nurses need to be resilient in order to cope with extreme demands in their workplace. This research focused on the effectiveness of sensory stimulation therapy (SST) to strengthen the resilience of nurses in the OR of a private hospital in the North West Province.Purpose: The purpose was to determine the effectiveness of SST as an intervention to strengthen the resilience of OR nurses.Design: A quasi-experimental design was used.Method: The population consisted of OR nurses and ICU nurses at private hospitals in the North West Province. All-inclusive sampling was used. Forty-one OR nurses formed the intervention group. A pilot group (8 subjects, OR nurses), as well as a comparison group (23 subjects, ICU nurses), was also sampled. An intervention, namely SST, was implemented with the intervention group. The resilience of the intervention group, pilot group and comparison group was measured before and after the implementation of the SST by means of Wagnild and Young’s resilience questionnaire. The intervention group also completed a self-report questionnaire on their needs and suggestions for SST and wrote short narratives on their experience of SST. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and by thematic coding.Results: Results indicated a significant statistical increase in the intervention group’s resilience levels. Results from the narratives confirmed that the intervention group’s resilience may have been strengthened through SST.Conclusion: SST has potential to strengthen the resilience of OR nurses.
Operational Assessment of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets by Using an Anopheles Salivary Biomarker of Human–Vector Contact
Authors: Noukpo Mahoutin H. , Damien Georgia B. , Elanga-N'Dille Emmanuel , Sagna André B. , Drame Papa M. , Chaffa Evelyne , Boussari Olayidé , Corbel Vincent , Akogbéto Martin , Remoue Franck 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The widespread implementation of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is a major intervention method for malaria control. Although the LLINs coverage increases, information available on the physical integrity (PI) of implemented LLINs is incomplete. This study aimed to validate human IgG antibody (Ab) response to Anopheles gSG6-P1 salivary peptide antigen, previously demonstrated as a pertinent biomarker of human exposure to Anopheles bites, for evaluating the PI of LLINs in field conditions. We analyzed data from 262 randomly selected children (< 5 years of age) in health districts of Benin. Anti-gSG6-P1 IgG responses were assessed and compared with the PI of LLINs that these same children slept under, and evaluated by the hole index (HI). Specific IgG levels were positively correlated to LLINs HI (r = 0.342; P < 0.0001). According to antipeptide IgG level (i.e., intensity of vector exposure), two categories of LLINs PI were defined: 1) group “HI: [0, 100]” corresponding to LLINs with “good” PI and 2) “HI > 100” corresponding to LLINs with “bad” PI. These results suggest that human Ab response to salivary peptide could be a complementary tool to help defining a standardized threshold of efficacy for LLINs under field use.
Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Resistant to Isoniazid and/or Rifampicin: Standardization of Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis
Authors: Collantes Jimena , Solari Francesca Barletta , Rigouts Leen 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Drug susceptibility testing using molecular techniques can enhance the identification of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Two multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were developed to detect the most common resistance-associated mutations to isoniazid (katGS315T, inhA-15C → T), and rifampicin (rpoBH526Y and rpoBS531L). To assess the species specificity of the qPCR, we selected 31 nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) reference strains belonging to 17 species from the public collection of mycobacterial cultures (BCCM/ITM). Additionally, we tested 17 isoniazid and/or rifampicin-resistant strains with other mutations in the target genes to assess mutation specificity. The limit of detection for all the targeted mutations was 20 bacilli/reaction. Multiplex 1 showed 90%, 95%, and 100% efficiency for wild type (WT), Mut katGS315T, and Mut rpoBS531L, respectively; whereas Multiplex 2 showed 97%, 94%, and 90% efficiency for WT, Mut inhA-15, and Mut rpoBH526Y, respectively. Three of 17 strains that presented other mutations in the target genes were identified as rifampicin resistant and only 3/31 NTM showed a similar melting temperature to rpoBL531 and/or katGT315 mutants. Thus, our proposed cascade of specific tuberculosis detection followed by drug resistance testing showed sensitivities for katGS315T, rpoBS531L, rpoBH526Y, and inhA-15 detection of 100%, 100%, 100%, and 96%, respectively; and specificities of 98%, 95%, 100%, and 100, respectively.
A sea surface temperature reconstruction for the southern Indian Ocean trade
wind belt from corals in Rodrigues Island (19° S, 63° E)
Authors: Zinke Jens , Reuning Lars , Pfeiffer Miriam , Wassenburg Jasper A. , Hardman Emily , Jhangeer-Khan Reshad , Davies Gareth R. , Ng Curtise K. C. , Kroon Dick 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The western Indian Ocean has been warming rapidly over recent decades, causing a greater number of extreme climatic events. It is therefore of paramount importance to improve our understanding of links between Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) variability, climate change and sustainability of tropical coral reef ecosystems. Here we present monthly resolved coral Sr ∕ Ca records from two different locations from Rodrigues Island (63° E, 19° S) in the south-central Indian Ocean trade wind belt. We reconstruct SST based on a linear relationship with the Sr ∕ Ca proxy with records starting from 1781 and 1945, respectively. We assess relationships between the observed long-term SST and climate fluctuations related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (SIOD) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) between 1945 and 2006, respectively. The reproducibility of the Sr ∕ Ca records is assessed as are the potential impacts of diagenesis and corallite orientation on Sr ∕ Ca–SST reconstructions. We calibrate individual robust Sr ∕ Ca records with in situ SST and various gridded SST products. The results show that the SST record from Cabri provides the first Indian Ocean coral proxy time series that records the SST signature of the PDO in the south-central Indian Ocean since 1945. We suggest that additional records from Rodrigues Island can provide excellent records of SST variations in the southern Indian Ocean trade wind belt to unravel teleconnections with the SIOD/ENSO/PDO on longer timescales.
The rainfall erosivity factor in the Czech Republic and its uncertainty
Authors: Hanel Martin , Máca Petr , Bašta Petr , Vlnas Radek , Pech Pavel 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. In the present paper, the rainfall erosivity factor (R factor) for the area of the Czech Republic is assessed. Based on 10 min data for 96 stations and corresponding R factor estimates, a number of spatial interpolation methods are applied and cross-validated. These methods include inverse distance weighting, standard, ordinary, and regression kriging with parameters estimated by the method of moments and restricted maximum likelihood, and a generalized least-squares (GLS) model. For the regression-based methods, various statistics of monthly precipitation as well as geographical indices are considered as covariates. In addition to the uncertainty originating from spatial interpolation, the uncertainty due to estimation of the rainfall kinetic energy (needed for calculation of the R factor) as well as the effect of record length and spatial coverage are also addressed. Finally, the contribution of each source of uncertainty is quantified. The average R factor for the area of the Czech Republic is 640 MJ ha−1 mm h−1, with values for the individual stations ranging between 320 and 1520 MJ ha−1 mm h−1. Among various spatial interpolation methods, the GLS model relating the R factor to the altitude, longitude, mean precipitation, and mean fraction of precipitation above the 95th percentile of monthly precipitation performed best. Application of the GLS model also reduced the uncertainty due to the record length, which is substantial when the R factor is estimated for individual sites. Our results revealed that reasonable estimates of the R factor can be obtained even from relatively short records (15–20 years), provided sufficient spatial coverage and covariates are available.
Mark Twain's Apocrypha: Infant Jesus and Young Satan
Authors: Griffin Benjamin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In a striking passage in “The Chronicle of Young Satan,” the “angel” Satan forms animals and little people out of clay and gives them life, only to kill them. This article investigates the episode in relation to its literary source in The Apocryphal New Testament, as edited in 1820 by William Hone. Clemens's interest in Hone's New Testament apocrypha situates him in a web of atheist and rationalist reading. As an inventor of pseudo-biblical apocrypha, he (like his Enlightenment-era models) mobilizes common sense and observed reality against scriptural or parascriptural phenomena, turning “orthodox” morality against itself. The Infancy Gospel fascinates him with its recognition that the advent of a wonder-working child would, in reality, be a disaster. Among Clemens's “philosophical” writings, the “Chronicle” is uniquely involving because it not only propounds Mark Twain's philosophy but also acknowledges its devastating effect on the human being.
Language and Property in Connecticut Yankee, or What's the Use of Usufruct?
Authors: Howe Lawrence 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article investigates the convergence of literature and law in Connecticut Yankee as a reflection of Twain's interest in debates about property that have played out across American history. Unfolding in three stages, the argument first looks at the importance of the word “usufruct” in American politics and philosophy of property; second, it explores the ways in which usufruct is a concept implicit in much of Hank Morgan's Camelot improvement projects in Connecticut Yankee; and last, it delineates connections between this property concept and Twain's ongoing concern about maintaining his copyright control over his literary property. In short, Twain's use of “usufruct” is a gauge of his awareness that language gives structure to all aspects of society—especially economics—and that literature can reimagine that structure.
The Quixotic Dream of Mark Twain's Jim
Authors: MacBride Michael David 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Many scholars have written about similarities between Huckleberry Finn and Don Quixote, but all have done so with the assumption that Tom Sawyer is Twain's Quixote, and Huck is his Sancho. This article argues that the comparisons between Tom and Quixote are misplaced and superficial, and that it is Twain's Jim who truly embodies Quixote's spirit and heart.
A Feminist Conversation About June King McFee’s Critical-Raising Foundation for Culturally Responsive Education
Authors: Keifer-Boyd Karen , Bailey Indira , Blandy Douglas , Congdon Kristin G. , Degge Rogena , Staples Jeanine 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Performing feminist conversation in non-feminist contexts is activism that draws attention to how gender—intersected with race, class, sexuality, and ability—is constructed, represented, and treated in affordances of power and privilege. Feminist conversations are integral to feminist pedagogy in which participants recognize the conversations as teaching in a way that includes the vantage points of those who have been excluded from knowledge production, while revealing the perspectives of those in positions of power.
This essay represents a feminist conversation that developed during a critique of June King McFee’s work. The conversation took place as one of the 2016 Penn State colloquium sessions, a series of presentations about the landmark 1965 “Seminar in Art Education for Research and Curriculum Development” held at The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State). In 1965, only a few women and people of color were invited to the seminar table. June King McFee was the only woman, along with 15 men, invited to give a presentation (Mattil, 1966). In her speech, she challenged White middle-class art educators and scholars to be aware of their White privilege and bias as she asked them to embrace diversity.
Together, we have offered a personal yet very rich and powerful set of experiences concerning the impact of one person’s work on so many individuals, and how that has spiraled out and affected so many art programs and lives, both nationally and internationally. June King McFee’s impact within art education and beyond has been significant.
N/either Here n/or There: Culture, Location, Positionality, and Art Education
Authors: Knight Wanda B. , Deng Yang 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Looking back, Eurocentric and male-dominated paradigms have pervaded research/er and curricular perspectives and profoundly influenced the study and practice of art education in the United States. Arguably, Eurocentric and patriarchal paradigms continue to dominate in contemporary times. In what follows, we focus on pluralistic notions and considerations for research and curriculum development that revolve around positionality and cultural locations—with an eye toward research and curriculum development in art education that recognizes and reflects the experiences and perspectives of those marginalized and rendered invisible (being n/either here n/or there) from the standpoint of the epistemically privileged. In order to be consistent with the subject of this article, it is important that we articulate our own cultural locations and positionalities as authors. Delineating our positionalities supports the notion that our positions may influence curriculum and research, such as what we incorporate into our lessons or what types of information we gather in our research, and how we interpret it.