bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health disparities and impact on outcomes in children with primary central nervous system solid tumors
Authors: Austin Mary T. , Hamilton Emma , Zebda Denna , Nguyen Hoang , Eberth Jan M. , Chang Yuchia , Elting Linda S. , Sandberg David I. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
Health disparities in access to care, early detection, and survival exist among adult patients with cancer. However, there have been few reports assessing how health disparities impact pediatric patients with malignancies. The objective in this study was to examine the impact of racial/ethnic and social factors on disease presentation and outcome for children with primary CNS solid tumors.

METHODS
The authors examined all children (age ≤ 18 years) in whom CNS solid tumors were diagnosed and who were enrolled in the Texas Cancer Registry between 1995 and 2009 (n = 2421). Geocoded information was used to calculate the driving distance between a patient's home and the nearest pediatric cancer treatment center. Socioeconomic status (SES) was determined using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality formula and 2007–2011 US Census block group data. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with advanced-stage disease. Survival probability and hazard ratios were calculated using life table methods and Cox regression.

RESULTS
Children with advanced-stage CNS solid tumors were more likely to be < 1 year old, Hispanic, and in the lowest SES quartile (all p < 0.05). The adjusted odds ratios of presenting with advanced-stage disease were higher in children < 1 year old compared with children > 10 years old (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.06–2.75), and in Hispanic patients compared with non-Hispanic white patients (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.19–2.04). Distance to treatment and SES did not impact disease stage at presentation in the adjusted analysis. Furthermore, 1- and 5-year survival probability were worst in children 1–10 years old, Hispanic patients, non-Hispanic black patients, and those in the lowest SES quartile (p < 0.05). In the adjusted survival model, only advanced disease and malignant behavior were predictive of mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
Racial/ethnic disparities are associated with advanced-stage disease presentation for children with CNS solid tumors. Disease stage at presentation and tumor behavior are the most important predictors of survival.
Does selection for gamete dispersal and capture lead to a sex difference in clump water‐holding capacity?
Authors: Moore Jonathan D. , Kollar Leslie M. , McLetchie D. Nicholas 
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Differences in male and female reproductive function can lead to selection for sex‐specific gamete dispersal and capture traits. These traits have been explored from shoot to whole plant levels in wind‐pollinated species. While shoot traits have been explored in water‐fertilized species, little is known about how whole plant morphology affects gamete dispersal and capture. We used the dioecious, water‐fertilized plant Bryum argenteum to test for differences in clump morphology and water‐holding characteristics consistent with divergent selection. We hypothesized that sex‐specific clump morphology, arising at maturity, produces relatively low male water‐holding capacity for gamete dispersal and high female capacity for gamete capture.METHODS:We measured isolated young shoot and clump water‐holding capacity and clump morphological characteristics on greenhouse‐grown plants. Young shoot capacity was used to predict clump capacity, which was compared with actual clump capacity.KEY RESULTS:Young male shoots held more water per unit length, and male clumps had higher shoot density, which extrapolated to higher clump water‐holding capacity. However, female clumps held more water and were taller with more robust shoots. Actual clump capacity correlated positively with clump height and shoot cross‐sectional area.CONCLUSIONS:The sex difference in actual clump capacity and its unpredictability from younger shoots are consistent with our hypothesis that males should hold less water than females to facilitate sexual reproduction. These results provide conceptual connections to other plant groups and implications for connecting divergent selection to female‐biased sex ratios in B. argenteum and other bryophytes.
Effects of pollination and postpollination processes on selfing rate in Mimulus ringens
Authors: Sorin Yuliya B. , Mitchell Randall J. , Trapnell Dorset W. , Karron Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Selfing rates vary widely within and among populations of self‐compatible flowering plants. This variation is often attributed to differences in the amount and timing of self and outcross pollen deposition on stigmas, as well as to the influence of postpollination mechanisms that control fertilization success. This study explores the relative importance of pollination and postpollination processes in determining selfing rates in monkeyflower, Mimulus ringens.METHODS:We hand‐pollinated flowers on 17 unrelated mothers with pollen from one of three experimental treatments intended to replicate field conditions: (1) simultaneous deposition of 50% self pollen and 50% outcross pollen from 5 unrelated donors; (2) self pollen followed 15 min later by application of an equal amount of outcross pollen from five unrelated donors; and (3) outcross pollen from 5 unrelated donors followed 15 min later by application of an equal amount of self pollen. We genotyped 757 progeny at 8 polymorphic microsatellite loci and used paternity exclusion to determine whether each seedling was selfed or outcrossed.KEY RESULTS:When self and outcross pollen arrived simultaneously, and when self pollen arrived 15 min prior to outcross pollen, the observed proportions of self and outcross progeny did not deviate from the expected 1:1 ratio. However, when outcross pollen was applied 15 min prior to self pollen, there was a significant excess of outcross progeny.CONCLUSIONS:Selfing rate in Mimulus ringens is influenced by small differences in the timing of pollen arrival, but not by nonrandom postpollination sorting.
Pollination of a native plant changes with distance and density of invasive plants in a simulated biological invasion
Authors: Bruckman Daniela , Campbell Diane R. 
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Effects of an exotic plant on pollination may change as the invasive increases in density. Quantity of pollinator visits to a native may increase, decrease, or change nonlinearly, while visit quality is likely to decrease with greater interspecific pollen movement. How visit quantity and quality contribute to the effect on reproductive success at each invasion stage has not been measured.METHODS:We simulated four stages of invasion by Brassica nigra by manipulating the neighborhood of potted plants of the native Phacelia parryi in a field experiment. Stages were far from the invasion, near the invasion, intermixed with the invasive at low density, and intermixed at high density. We measured pollinator visitation, conspecific and invasive pollen deposition, and seed set for P. parryi at each stage.KEY RESULTS:Native individuals near invasive plants and within areas of low invasive density showed greatest seed production, as expected from concurrent changes in conspecific and invasive pollen deposition. Those plants experienced facilitation of visits and received more conspecific pollen relative to plants farther from invasives. Native individuals within high invasive density also received frequent visits by many pollinators (although not honeybees), but the larger receipt of invasive pollen predicted interference with pollen tubes that matched patterns in seed set.CONCLUSIONS:Pollinator visitation was highest when exotic plants were nearby. Detrimental effects of heterospecific pollen deposition were highest at high exotic density. Our study quantified how reproduction benefits from near proximity to a showy invasive, but is still vulnerable when the invasive reaches high density.
NONSINGULAR UNIVERSES IN GAUSS–BONNET GRAVITY’S RAINBOW
Authors: Hendi Seyed Hossein , Momennia Mehrab , Panah Behzad Eslam , Faizal Mir 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we study the rainbow deformation of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmology in both Einstein gravity and Gauss–Bonnet (GB) gravity. We demonstrate that the singularity in FRW cosmology can be removed because of the rainbow deformation of the FRW metric. We obtain the general constraints required for FRW cosmology to be free of singularities. We observe that the inclusion of GB gravity can significantly change the constraints required to obtain nonsingular universes. We use rainbow functions motivated by the hard spectra of gamma-ray bursts to deform FRW cosmology and explicitly demonstrate that such a deformation removes the singularity in FRW cosmology.
A NEW, LOW BRAKING INDEX FOR THE LMC PULSAR B0540–69
Authors: Marshall F. E. , Guillemot L. , Harding A. K. , Martin P. , Smith D. A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the results of a 16 month monitoring campaign using the Swift satellite of PSR B0540–69, a young pulsar in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Phase connection was maintained throughout the campaign so that a reliable ephemeris could be determined, and the length of the campaign is adequate to accurately determine the spin frequency ν and its first and second derivatives. The braking index n is 0.031 ± 0.013 (90% confidence), a value much lower than previously reported for B0540–69 and almost all other young pulsars. We use data from the extensive monitoring campaign with Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer to show that timing noise is unlikely to significantly affect the measurement. This is the first measurement of the braking index in the pulsar's recently discovered high spin-down state. We discuss possible mechanisms for producing the low braking index.
One Messiah, two advents, three forerunners: The chiastic structure of Matthew 11:2–17:13
Authors: Scholtz Jacob J. 
Published: August 2016

This article proposes and evaluates a large chiastic structure for Matthew 11:2–17:13, leading to a discussion about the one Messiah, his two advents, and three forerunners, namely John the Baptist, the prophet Elijah, and another forerunner, the Apostle Peter, during the Inter-Advent Period. The structure emphasises God’s kingdom programme, the Inter-Advent Period and the parables of Matthew 13. What may be theologically significant about this chiastic structure is that it may link Matthew 13 to the typological fulfilment of the feasts of the Lord by the Lord Jesus Christ and it also focuses attention on the roles of three forerunners.
The natural oscillations in stratospheric ozone observed by the GROMOS microwave radiometer at the NDACC station Bern
Authors: Moreira Lorena , Hocke Klemens , Navas-Guzmán Francisco , Eckert Ellen , von Clarmann Thomas , Kämpfer Niklaus 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. A multilinear parametric regression analysis was performed to assess the seasonal and interannual variations of stratospheric ozone profiles from the GROMOS (GROund-based Millimeter-wave Ozone Spectrometer) microwave radiometer at Bern, Switzerland (46.95° N, 7.44° E; 577 m). GROMOS takes part in the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The study covers the stratosphere from 50 to 0.5 hPa (from 21 to 53 km) and extends over the period from January 1997 to January 2015. The natural variability was fitted during the regression analysis through the annual and semi-annual oscillations (AO, SAO), the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the solar activity cycle. Seasonal ozone variations mainly appear as an annual cycle in the middle and upper stratosphere and a semi-annual cycle in the upper stratosphere. Regarding the interannual variations, they are primarily present in the lower and middle stratosphere. In the lower and middle stratosphere, ozone variations are controlled predominantly by transport processes, due to the long lifetime of ozone, whereas in the upper stratosphere its lifetime is relatively short and ozone is controlled mainly by photochemistry. The present study shows agreement in the observed naturally induced ozone signatures with other studies. Further, we present an overview of the possible causes of the effects observed in stratospheric ozone due to natural oscillations at a northern midlatitude station. For instance regarding the SAO, we find that polar winter stratopause warmings contribute to the strength of this oscillation since these temperature enhancements lead to a reduction in upper stratospheric ozone. We have detected a strong peak amplitude of about 5 % for the solar cycle in lower stratospheric ozone for our 1.5 cycles of solar activity. Though the 11-year ozone oscillation above Bern is in phase with the solar cycle, we suppose that the strong amplitude is partly due to meteorological disturbances and associated ozone anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere. Further, our observational study gave the result that ozone above Bern is anti-correlated with the ENSO phenomenon in the lower stratosphere and correlated in the middle stratosphere.
Transformation of Primary Conjunctival Cells Transfected with Papilloma and Herpesvirus Oncogenes
Authors: Simbiri Kenneth O. , Jha Hem C. , Giacomina Massaro-Giordano Giacomina , Robertson Erle S. 
Published: August 2016

<p class="cco-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a common cancer that has recently increased in incidence in HIV-1 infected patients. The rise has been more transparent in sub-Sahara Africa. Our recent publications showed the association of OSSN with multiple viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. Here we show through transfection with different viral constructs, the changes taking place in the primary conjunctival cells which involve some of the important markers associated with initiation and maintenance of the cancer.</span></p><p class="cco-body"><span lang="EN-GB">We transfected primary conjunctival cells with different oncogenic viral genes (HPV16-E6, HPV16-E7, HPV16-E6/E7, KSHV-LANA, and EBV-EBNA1) that have been associated with transformation of infected cells. The cells were tested for expression of different markers linked to oncogenesis. We used RT PCR to determine the expression of the markers. The level of expression was determined in each case. We also performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) on the primary cells using specific antibodies.</span></p><p class="cco-body"><span lang="EN-GB">The transfected conjunctival cells were demonstrated to be epitheliod as determined by expression of Cytokeratin-19 (C-19) and Vimentin markers. The primary conjunctival cells were efficiently transfected with the specific viral oncogenes resulting in expression of different cytokines, chemokine, cell cycle markers, and growth factors. The different constructs elicited expression and/or suppression of p53, p21, pRB, IL-10, IL-13, cyclinD1, TNF, TNF13B, and VEGF in specific transfected conjunctival primary cells. </span></p><p class="cco-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Our findings indicate that the viral oncogene expression in primary conjunctival cells contributed to the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and dysregulation of cell cycle proteins in primary conjunctival tissues. This mirrors the transformation process in OSSN pathogenesis. Further studies should follow to identify pathways dysregulated that can be targeted for therapy or vaccine development. </span></p>
Development of Reverse Transcription Thermostable Helicase-Dependent DNA Amplification for the Detection of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
Authors: Wu Xinghai , Chen Chanfa , Xiao Xizhi , Deng Ming Jun 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A protocol for the reverse transcription-helicase-dependent amplification (RT–HDA) of isothermal DNA was developed for the detection of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Specific primers, which were based on the highly conserved region of the N gene sequence in TSWV, were used for the amplification of virus's RNA. The LOD of RT–HDA, reverse transcriptase-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were conducted using 10-fold serial dilution of RNA eluates. TSWV sensitivity in RT–HDA and RT-LAMP was 4 pg RNA compared with 40 pg RNA in RT-PCR. The specificity of RT–HDA for TSWV was high, showing no cross-reactivity with other tomato and Tospovirus viruses including cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tomato black ring virus (TBRV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), or impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV). The RT–HDA method is effective for the detection of TSWV in plant samples and is a potential tool for early and rapid detection of TSWV.
Planisfério da Interculturalidade
Authors: Macedo Joana 
Published: August 2016

A partir de um relato da experiência adquirida como voluntária num projeto comunitário desenvolvido pela Casa da Cerca, uma instituição museológica em Almada, Portugal, pretende-se principalmente refletir sobre a forma como ele questiona a ação dos Serviços Educativos, ajudando a desenhar novos contextos e possibilidades. A construção de um Planisfério Intercultural, um mural de azulejos realizados manualmente, pensado como projeto de arte pública comunitária, é desenvolvido no campo da utopia, relançando o envolvimento da Escola Pública local e um grupo de voluntário em torno da construção de um novo Centro Cívico. Propondo novas perspetivas, ponderamos a sua inscrição no campo da pedagogia crítica, sob a influência de Paulo Freire ou Jesús Martín Barbero, que apelou á criação de projetos de Mapeamento Educacional, deslocalizando as instituições tradicionalmente educativas para o seu exterior envolvente, assumindo o risco de criar novas possibilidades no relacionamento com comunidades urbanas. Enviado em: 13 de maio de 2016.Aprovado em: 03 de agosto de 2016.
Metabolomic Profiling of Pompe Disease-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Reveals That Oxidative Stress Is Associated with Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Pathology
Authors: Sato Yohei , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Higuchi Takashi , Shimada Yohta , Ida Hiroyuki , Ohashi Toya 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Pompe disease (PD) is a lysosomal storage disease that is caused by a deficiency of the acid α-glucosidase, which results in glycogen accumulation in the lysosome. The major clinical symptoms of PD include skeletal muscle weakness, respiratory failure, and cardiac hypertrophy. Based on its severity and symptom onset, PD is classified into infantile and late-onset forms. Lysosomal accumulation of glycogen can promote many types of cellular dysfunction, such as autophagic dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and abnormal calcium signaling within skeletal muscle. However, the disease mechanism underlying PD cardiomyopathy is not fully understood. Several researchers have shown that PD induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes successfully replicate the disease phenotype and are useful disease models. We have analyzed the metabolomic profile of late-onset PD iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and found that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are likely associated with cardiac complications. Furthermore, we have validated that these disease-specific changes were also observed in the cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle of a genetically engineered murine PD model. Oxidative stress may contribute to skeletal muscle and cardiomyocyte dysfunction in PD mice; however, NF-E2-related factor 2 was downregulated in cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle, despite evidence of oxidative stress. We hypothesized that oxidative stress and an impaired antioxidative stress response mechanism may underlie the molecular pathology of late-onset PD.
L’évolution du roman urbain (1934-1945)
Authors: Décarie David 
Published: August 2016

Dans les manuels d’histoire littéraire québécois, le roman urbain se résume souvent
à deux oeuvres : Au pied de la pente douce (1944) de Roger Lemelin et Bonheur
d’occasion (1945) de Gabrielle Roy. Cet article jette un regard sur la production
romanesque des dix années qui précèdent ces oeuvres, et l’étude de cette période révèle que
l’action de très nombreux romans a lieu en ville. Apparaissant sous la plume d’écrivains
souvent prolifiques (Adrienne Maillet, Geneviève de La Tour Fondue, etc.), la ville se
décline dans des romans aux thématiques et aux styles très variés. Un fil conducteur
apparaît toutefois dans ceux-ci : la bourgeoisie. La majorité des romans urbains peignent en
effet le portrait de cette classe sociale et cherchent à traduire ses aspirations, ses
goûts, sa langue. L’urbanité de ces romans découle en bonne partie des milieux qu’ils
mettent en scène : les romanciers décrivent les lieux — bien souvent les quartiers huppés —
habités par la bourgeoisie. En examinant l’arrière-plan des romans urbains bourgeois, il
devient possible de mieux comprendre la spécificité des oeuvres de Lemelin et de Roy, qui
décrivent surtout les quartiers Saint-Sauveur et Saint-Henri. Leur originalité ne réside pas
seulement dans leur urbanité, mais également dans leur intérêt pour la classe populaire,
très peu mise en scène dans le roman québécois jusqu’alors.
Processus de résistance active de personnes présentantdes incapacités intellectuelles
Authors: Letscher Sylvain , Paré Charles , Parent Ghyslain , Point Mathieu , Beaulieu Marie-Pier 
Published: August 2016

Cet article porte sur les processus de résistance active allant de l’oppression, la résignation, la résilience à la libération de personnes présentant des incapacités intellectuelles, en s’appuyant sur le modèle des obstacles et des facilitateurs au développement de la participation sociale (Letscher, Parent, & Deslandes, 2009). Cette recherche s’appuie sur une étude de cas de huit personnes âgées de 9 à 45 ans présentant des incapacités intellectuelles. Les résultats mettent en évidence des obstacles et des facilitateurs au développement de la participation sociale sur le plan des orientations politiques et des services, des attitudes et du soutien de l’entourage, de la structure familiale, du style parental et des pratiques parentales.
L’alternance en formation : le travail silencieux de l’activité de reliance des « alternants » dans le cadre d’un dispositif de formation mobilisateur
Authors: Lechaux Patrick 
Published: August 2016

Les travaux relatifs à l’analyse du fonctionnement réel de l’alternance dans les formations professionnelles rendent compte d’un grand écart avec le modèle prescriptif de celle-ci qui est qualifié de modèle institutionnel et organisationnel de l’alternance. En rupture avec ce modèle de la coordination technique en centre de formation-entreprise, il est fait l’hypothèse que c’est d’abord l’alternant qui produit le travail du lien. Les résultats d’une recherche-action portant sur l’expérimentation d’un dispositif de formation conçu pour soutenir ce travail du lien sont présentés et mis en regard avec l’hypothèse de départ. Ce travail du lien est assimilé à une activité de reliance de l’alternant. Le dispositif de formation construit autour des apports du groupe-classe et de la mobilisation de l’engagement des « alternants » exerce une dynamique typique de ce que l’on a appelé l’acteur réseau.