bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ideas for use of notes and other visual prompts in dialogue interpreting classes
Authors: Mead Peter 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper discusses ideas for encouraging students of dialogue interpreting to appreciate the potential benefits of acquiring limited familiarity with note-taking and, more generally, with use of visual prompts. After assessing the rationale for raising awareness of notes, even at beginners’ level, the text examines how this can be done as a by-product of listening comprehension and interpreting exercises. Contextualising notes as just one medium through which the interpreter can factor visual input into reception and reproduction of the source speech, the article also offers suggestions for incorporating pictorial cues or short captions into classroom exercises. Material for oral presentation by the teacher (or also by students) is discussed, with simple examples on the subject of rose growing, in English, French and Italian.
Telephonic dialogue interpreting
Authors: González Rodríguez María Jesús , Spinolo Nicoletta 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The use of telephone interpreting (TI) is becoming increasingly popular in both the public and private sectors. Dialogue interpreting (DI) carried out over the telephone is an extremely complex interpreting mode, which requires an in-depth knowledge of the dynamics of communication and of the techniques used in “traditional” DI; only with these foundations, will students be able to develop the skills that are specifically required for TI. With this in mind, we propose a specific short teaching course for telephone interpreters, where prospective students have already received teaching in dialogue (and, if possible, consecutive) interpreting, or have practical experience in these fields. After describing the underlying principles of our work, we present five practical units in growing order of difficulty, which can be used for various language combinations.
Visuality, identity and emotion]
Authors: Aragón Karime 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter presents a semantic and ethnopragmatic analysis of the Mexican Spanish colour word rosa mexicano. This word functions as a symbol of Mexican identity and serves as a cultural keyword for Mexican Spanish speakers. This word appears in a variety of discourses, such as, international and cross-cultural relations, the arts, education and discursive representations of national self-perception. After providing a semantic analysis of the meaning of the word, the analysis moves on to an ethnopragmatic examination, articulating cultural scripts for the visual, identificational and emotional meanings associated with rosa mexicano discourse.
Subúrbio and suburbanos
Authors: Mattos Ana Paulla Braga 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter studies the Brazilian Portuguese keywords subúrbio ‘suburb’ and suburbanos ‘suburb dwellers’. Despite formal similarities, the English cityscape word suburb conveys a very different concept than subúrbio. In dictionaries, the cultural semantics of the words subúrbio ‘suburb’ and suburbanos ‘suburb dwellers’ is largely missing. This is unfortunate since the semantic richness of these words shed light on Brazilian discourses of urbanism and on a culturally-specific way of categorising people in the urban space. Using evidence from a range of different Brazilian discourses and speakers’ reflections on the two words, I propose a semantic explication for each, using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) to adequately account for the complex and cultural meaning of the words – seen from an insider’s perspective.
Automatic detection of syntactic patterns from texts with application to Spanish clitic doubling
Authors: Estigarribia Bruno 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We developed an automated algorithm to retrieve direct object clitic doubling (DOCLD) examples in Spanish data from texts and the web. We focused on the Rioplatense dialect, where this kind of doubling is rather common. Given an electronic text, our procedure has two steps: first, tagging the text with an available part-of speech (PoS) tagger (TreeTagger), then inputing the tagged text into java-based code that extracts all sentences containing direct object clitics and attempts to match each clitic to a candidate doubled NP in its sentence. Identification of DOCLD cases in a short story (edited text) was 100%, whereas on unedited, raw text it was only 50%. Missing DOCLD cases are mainly caused by misspellings and lack of punctuation in the raw texts. We discuss how to improve accuracy mainly by reducing the number of false negatives.
Return to Frenchville
Authors: Bullock Barbara E. , Nichols Jenna 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This study investigates a potential case of near-merger in legacy French data from Frenchville, Pennsylvania. With previous research having found a robust differentiation in production between French schwa and the front mid rounded vowels by the final generation of Frenchville French speakers, we hypothesize that a former near-merger of these vowels enabled a subsequent demerger. The present analysis examines schwa and the mid vowels in interview data from the penultimate generation of Frenchville speakers and finds evidence for a near-merger, as the vowels are similar but not identical in duration and spectral quality. The data also support the notion that the differentiation of these vowels by the final generation was likely an innovation, rather than the result of transmission.
Revising the canon
Authors: Gilbert Madeline B. , Rohena-Madrazo Marcos 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This study explores phonetic and social variation in coda (-ɾ) production in Buenos Aires Spanish. Although the traditionally described canonical realization of coda /-ɾ/ is occlusion + vocalic element, our results reveal that the “lenited” approximant + vocalic element is the most frequent variant, and that deletion, approximant, trill, and fricative realizations also exist. We found higher rates of lenited forms in informal speech and among younger, male, and working-class speakers. Higher percentages of canonical forms in careful speech and among older, female, and middle-class speakers indicate possible hypercorrection. Finally, we question the “canonical” status of coda (-ɾ) as occlusion + vocalic element, calling for the consideration of variant frequency and context in establishing a baseline description of coda /-ɾ/.
Hiatus resolution in L1 and L2 Spanish
Authors: González Carolina , Weissglass Christine 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This study investigates the acquisition of vowel-vowel sequences across words in twenty-five L2 Spanish learners. Building on González & Weissglass (2016), it analyzes their acoustic realization and examines the incidence of hiatus maintenance, hiatus resolution, and glottal stop epenthesis in L2 Spanish. Eight Spanish native speakers are included for comparison. Based on our data, we propose a preliminary Optimality-Theoretic account of the different stages that L2 learners go through when acquiring vowel-vowel sequences. We find evidence for three possible target grammars in our dataset, which correlate with dialectal differences. Two of these grammars appear to have been acquired by some of the L2 learners investigated.
Oral Portuguese in Maputo from a diachronic perspective
Authors: Reite Torun , Jon-And Anna 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper analyzes the diffusion of contact-induced linguistic innovations in Portuguese spoken in Maputo, Mozambique, in two datasets from 1993/4 and 2007, focusing on quantitative accounts of linguistic innovations at lexical, lexico-syntactic, syntactic and morphosyntactic levels. Overall, innovative features that registered in the two datasets are qualitatively the same. Results confirm an increase in the frequency of innovative features related to second language acquisition and language contact at all linguist levels, with particularly high diffusion rates of morphological simplifications. This increase may be related to bilingualism and changes in use of, access to, and input of Portuguese. Furthermore, the qualitative stability of features may be a sign of an emerging usage norm.
Knowledge of the 911 Good Samaritan Law and 911-Calling Behavior of Overdose Witnesses
Authors: Jakubowski Andrea , Kunins Hillary V. , Huxley-Reicher Zina , Siegler Anne 
Published: October 2017

Background Overdose deaths tripled between 1999 and 2014. Most fatal overdoses are witnessed, offering an opportunity for bystanders to call 911. However, fear of arrest may prevent them from calling authorities. Many states have passed 911 Good Samaritan laws that protects the 911 caller and overdose victim from prosecution for drug possession. Little is known, however, about whether the law affects 911-calling behavior of overdose witnesses. We investigated the relationship between knowledge of a 911 Good Samaritan Law (GSL) and 911-calling behavior of study participants trained in opioid overdose rescue. Methods We enrolled 351 individuals (n = 351) trained in overdose rescue and educated about the New York State GSL in a prospective longitudinal study. Trained researchers conducted baseline, three, six and 12-month follow-up surveys with study participants to assess participant knowledge of the GSL and responses to witnessed overdoses. Results At the twelve-month follow-up, participants had witnessed 326 overdoses. In the overdose events where the participant had correct knowledge of the GSL at the time of the event, the odds of a bystander calling 911 were over three times greater than when the witness had incorrect knowledge of the GSL (OR = 3.3, 95% CI, 1.4–7.5). This association remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, race of the witness and overdose setting (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI, 1.4–9.4). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to show an association between knowledge of the GSL and 911-calling behavior. Legislation that protects overdose responders along with public awareness of the law may be an effective strategy to increase rates of 911-calling in response to overdose events and decrease overdose-related mortality.
The role of anticipated emotions in recycling intention: an extension of the Theory of Planned Behaviour / Emociones anticipadas en la intención de reciclar: una extensión de la Teoría de la Conducta Planificada
Authors: Durán Mar , Ferraces María-José , Rodríguez Mauro , Sabucedo José-Manuel 
Published: October 2017

Based on Ajzen’s previous research, the primary aim of this paper is to explore the importance of anticipated emotions in household waste recycling intention beyond the explanation provided by the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A questionnaire was constructed and given to a sample of 276 students aged 18 to 24 at the University of Santiago de Compostela. Anticipated emotions were measured in relation to the intention, or lack thereof, to separate out household waste for the purposes of recycling. Findings show that negative emotions, in the same (NAE_sd) and the opposite direction (NAE_od) as the action, make the highest contribution to increasing explained variance ( R2 = 6.0%). Furthermore, these variables are also directly and significantly related to intention (NAE_sd (β = −.19); NAE_od (β = .23)), making them more relevant in terms of better explaining this environmentally responsible intention.
Explaining energy efficiency behaviours among Argentinean citizens through the VBN model / Explicación de los comportamientos de eficiencia energética entre ciudadanos argentinos a través del modelo VCN
Authors: Jakovcevic Adriana , Reyna Cecilia 
Published: October 2017

In Argentina, energy consumption is characterized by a high dependence on fossil fuels and a low cost for final consumers. Therefore, to encourage energy efficiency it is important to know which non-financial factors influence energy use. Numerous evidences suggest that the Value-Belief-Norm model (VBN) is an adequate framework to understand this behaviour. However, few studies tested VBN to predict energy efficiency behaviour and even fewer did so in Latin America. Our aim was to test whether a VBN model was successful for predicting household energy efficiency behaviours among Argentinian citizens ( n = 275). Results showed that the VBN model indeed explained self-reported energy efficiency. Importantly, a VBN model version assessed by means of a path analysis showed a good fit to the data. Biospheric values and personal norms were particularly strong predictors of household energy efficiency. These results indicate that personal norms, activated by values, are able to predict energy efficiency actions in an Argentinean sample. These evidences suggest that moral considerations should be promoted in order to increase energy efficiency actions in Argentina.
Black holes on FIRE: stellar feedback limits early feeding of galactic nuclei
Authors: Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Quataert Eliot , Hopkins Philip F. , Feldmann Robert , Torrey Paul , Wetzel Andrew , Kereš Dušan 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We introduce massive black holes (BHs) in the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) project and perform high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of quasar-mass haloes [Mhalo(z = 2) ≈ 1012.5 M⊙] down to z = 1. These simulations model stellar feedback by supernovae, stellar winds and radiation, and BH growth using a gravitational torque-based prescription tied to the resolved properties of galactic nuclei. We do not include BH feedback. We show that early BH growth occurs through short (≲1 Myr) accretion episodes that can reach or even exceed the Eddington rate. In this regime, BH growth is limited by bursty stellar feedback continuously evacuating gas from galactic nuclei, and BHs remain undermassive in low-mass galaxies relative to the local MBH–Mbulgerelation. BH growth is more efficient at later times, when the nuclear stellar potential retains a significant gas reservoir, star formation becomes less bursty and galaxies settle into a more ordered state. BHs rapidly converge on to the observed scaling relations when the host reaches Mbulge ∼ 1010 M⊙. We show that resolving the effects of stellar feedback on the gas supply in the inner ∼100 pc of galaxies is necessary to accurately capture the growth of central BHs. Our simulations imply that bursty stellar feedback has important implications for BH–galaxy relations, AGN demographics and time variability, the formation of early quasars and massive BH mergers.
Impact of Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Management on Antibiotic Exposure and Outcomes: Real-world Evidence
Authors: Broyles Michael R 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
Delayed pathogen identification and nonspecific clinical findings make definitive decisions regarding antibiotics challenging. The stimuli of bacterial toxins and inflammation make procalcitonin (PCT) unique in its ability to differentiate bacterial infection from other causes of inflammation, and thus it is useful for antibiotic management. The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of a PCT algorithm (PCT-A) on current practice.

Methods
A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the impact of adding PCT-A to stewardship practices. Data from 4 years prior to and after PCT-A implementation were compared in critical and acute care patients of all ages receiving parenteral antibiotics for a DRG coded for infection. A baseline PCT was obtained on admission in patients with suspected bacterial infection. Serial PCT measurements were repeated daily to evaluate effectiveness of therapy. Outcomes of interest were antibiotic exposure, hospital mortality, 30-day readmission, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), and adverse drug events during hospitalization.

Results
A total of 985 patients (pre-PCT-A group) were compared with 1167 patients (post-PCT-A group). Antimicrobial stewardship alone (pre-PCT-A) resulted in a median days of therapy (DOT) of 17 (interquartile range [IQR], 8.5–22.5) vs 9.0 (IQR, 6.5–12) in the post-PCT-A group (P &lt; .0001). Secondary outcomes were also significantly reduced in the post-PCT-A group.

Conclusion
The addition of PCT in a facility with an established stewardship program resulted in a significant reduction in antibiotic exposure and adverse outcomes. PCT may improve antibiotic management when diagnostic clarity and resolution of infection are lacking.
Analgesic-Related Medication Errors Reported to US Poison Control Centers
Authors: Eluri Madhulika , Spiller Henry A , Casavant Marcel J , Chounthirath Thitphalak , Conner Kristen A , Smith Gary A 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objective
This study investigates the characteristics and trends of medication errors involving analgesic medications.

Design and Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted of analgesic-related medication errors reported to the National Poison Data System (NPDS) from 2000 through 2012.

Results
From 2000 through 2012, the NPDS received 533,763 reports of analgesic-related medication errors, averaging 41,059 medication errors annually. Overall, the rate of analgesic-related medication errors reported to the NPDS increased significantly by 82.6% from 2000 to 2009, followed by a 5.7% nonsignificant decrease from 2009 to 2012. Among the analgesic categories, rates of both acetaminophen-related and opioid-related medication errors reported to the NPDS increased during 2000–2009, but the opioid error rate leveled off during 2009–2012, while the acetaminophen error rate decreased by 17.9%. Analgesic-related medication errors involved nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (37.0%), acetaminophen (35.5%), and opioids (23.2%). Children five years or younger accounted for 38.8% of analgesics-related medication errors. Most (90.2%) analgesic-related medication errors were managed on-site, rather than at a health care facility; 1.6% were admitted to a hospital, and 1.5% experienced serious medical outcomes, including 145 deaths. The most common type of medication error was inadvertently taking/given the medication twice (26.6%).

Conclusion
Analgesic-related medication errors are common, and although most do not result in clinical consequences, they can have serious adverse outcomes. Initiatives associated with the decrease in acetaminophen-related medication errors among young children merit additional research and potential replication as a model combining government policy and multisectoral collaboration.
A Purpose-Driven Fourth Year of Medical School
Authors: Dewan Mantosh , Norcini John 
Published: October 2017

The fourth year of medical school has been repeatedly found to be ineffective, and concerns exist about its purpose and academic quality, as well as grade inflation. Since Flexner, the purpose of undergraduate medical training has moved from readiness for independent practice to readiness for postgraduate training. However, training directors report that medical graduates are inadequately prepared to enter residency. The authors propose a fourth year with two components: first, a yearlong, longitudinal ambulatory experience of at least three days each week on an interprofessional team with consistent faculty supervision and mentoring, increasing independence, and a focus on education; and second, rigorous clinical-scales-based assessment of meaningful outcomes.
In the proposed model, the medical student has generous time with a limited panel of patients, and increasing autonomy, with faculty moving from supervising physicians to collaborating physicians. There is regular assessment and formative feedback. This more independent, longitudinal clinical experience uniquely allows assessment of the most meaningful work-based performance outcomes—that is, patient outcomes assessed by validated clinical scales. The proposed fourth year will require a realignment of resources and faculty time; however, models already exist. Barriers and possible solutions are discussed.
A purpose-driven, assessment-rich fourth year with patient and supervisor continuity will provide real-world experience, making medical graduates more competent and confident on the first day of residency. Use of clinical scales will also allow educators new confidence that the performance-based competence of these more experienced and expert graduates leads to demonstrable collaboration, healing, and good patient outcomes.
Intraobserver and Interobserver Reliability of Radiographic Analysis of Proximal Humerus Fractures in Adolescents
Authors: Burke Michelle C. , Minnock Christopher , Robbins Christopher B. , Abbott Matthew D. , Caird Michelle S. , Farley Frances A. , Kirsch Jacob , Thomas Jared , Li Ying 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Multiple studies have shown low intrarater and interrater agreement of radiographic classification systems for proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) in adults. There is no standardized method of measuring angulation of pediatric PHFs, nor is there consensus as to the amount of angulation and displacement that require operative fixation of adolescent PHFs. We propose a new standardized method to measure fracture angulation that is similar to the method used to measure the epiphyseal-shaft angle for slipped capital femoral epiphysis. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of our proposed method compared with a nonstandardized method. The secondary purpose was to evaluate the intrarater and interrater agreement of the Neer and Horowitz (NH), and Salter-Harris (SH) classification systems.

Methods:
Seven raters evaluated 26 deidentified anteroposterior shoulder radiographs of patients 10 to 16 years of age with PHFs. Raters classified each fracture using the NH and SH systems, and used their own method to measure fracture angulation. This process was repeated 2 weeks later. During the second round, raters also measured fracture angulation using our proposed standardized method. Two weeks after the second round, raters reevaluated the radiographs using the standardized method. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated.

Results:
Excellent intraobserver and interobserver agreement was achieved for the standardized method of measuring fracture angulation. All of the raters had an intrarater reliability classified as excellent (>0.80) using the standardized method. Good intrarater and excellent interrater agreement was achieved when raters used their own fracture angulation measurement method but wide confidence intervals suggested that the results were less precise. Fair to moderate intrarater and interrater reliability was seen for the NH and SH classifications.

Conclusions:
Our standardized method for measuring angulation in adolescent PHFs demonstrated excellent intrarater and interrater reliability. We propose that this technique may be a more precise method of measuring fracture angulation and this method should be used in future studies that evaluate indications for operative management of adolescent PHFs.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—diagnostic.