bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection surveillance in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients
Authors: Caldas Teixeira Daniela , Martins Oliveira Diniz Lilian , Orlandi Mourão Paulo Henrique , Kakehashi Fabiana Maria , Vaz de Macedo Antonio , Duani Helena , Trindade Clemente Wanessa , de Sá Rodrigues Karla Emília , Maia de Castro Romanelli Roberta 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the profile of reported healthcare‐associated infections (HAIs) in pediatric patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at a reference center.MethodsRetrospective cohort of pediatric patients who were submitted to HSCT from 2008 to 2016. The criteria for HAI were based on those established by the National Healthcare Safety Network. Data were collected by active surveillance performed daily by professionals. This study was approved by the institutional research ethics committee.ResultsA total of 86 HSCTs were performed in 81 patients younger than 18 years of age (median, 10 years). Of these, 69 (85%) were males. Aplastic anemia and leukemia were the main diagnoses. A total of 140 HAIs were diagnosed with an incidence density of 28.2 infections/1000 patient‐days. The most common HAI was laboratory‐confirmed bloodstream infection (46), the majority of which was reported to be central venous catheter‐associated (43). Gram‐negative bacteria were the most prevalent microorganisms (58.5%). Almost all the infections occurred until 30 days after transplantation, and 17 deaths were observed within 180 days after the procedure.ConclusionActive surveillance of HAIs in HSCT children allowed the evaluation of the incidence and profile of HAIs, which is essential for the health care of these patients.
Erythroblast macrophage protein (Emp): Past, present, and future
Authors: Javan Gulnaz T. , Salhotra Amandeep , Finley Sheree J. , Soni Shivani 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis review is a journey of the landmark erythroblast macrophage protein (Emp) discovered in 1994, and it walks chronologically through the progress that has been made in understanding the biological function of this protein. Historically, Emp was the first identified cell attachment molecule and is expressed in both erythroblasts and macrophages and mediates their attachments to form erythroblastic islands. The absence of Emp erythroblasts shows defects in differentiation and enucleation. Emp‐deficient macrophages display immature morphology characterized by small sizes, round shapes, and the lack of cytoplasmic projections. Although the primary sequence of Emp has already been determined and its role in both erythroid and macrophage development is well established, there are major gaps in the understanding of its function at the molecular level. Recent studies had implicated its importance in actin cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration, but the molecular mechanisms are still enigmatic. Previous studies have also demonstrated that downregulation of Emp affects the expression of mitogen‐associated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) and thymoma viral protooncogene (AKT‐1) resulting in abnormal cell motility. In this review, we summarize the proposed function of Emp based on previous studies, present scenarios, and its plausible future in translational research.
Modes I/II SIF of a diametrically compressed Brazilian disc having a central inclined crack with frictional surfaces
Authors: Hammouda M.M.I. , Fayed A.S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn in‐house finite element code was used to analyse a diametrically compressed isotropic homogeneous Brazilian disc having a central inclined crack with frictional surfaces for the evaluation of its corresponding modes I and II stress intensity factor (SIF). One‐half of the disc was successfully idealized. The coefficient of friction between the crack surfaces ranged from 0 to 1 in steps of 0.1. Relative crack length ratios of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 were analysed with crack angles up to 90° in steps of 5°.The crack angle corresponding to the transition from a mixed mode I/II to a pure mode II decreases with increasing the relative crack length ratio. An increase in the relative crack length ratio leads to an increase in the range of crack angles corresponding to a partially closed crack. The crack angle at which fully closed sliding crack surfaces commences is 30° independent of the relative crack length ratio and the friction coefficient. With the same relative crack length ratio and increasing the friction coefficient, there is a corresponding decrease in the crack angle for the maximum mode II SIF. With a decrease in the relative crack length ratio or the friction coefficient, the crack angle beyond which the crack surfaces become in a fully sticking mode decreases resulting in zero mode II SIF. Generally, mode II SIF decreases with increasing the friction coefficient between the crack surfaces. Good agreement has been generally obtained with relevant results found in the literature.
Display behaviour, social organization and vocal repertoire of Blue‐backed Manakin Chiroxiphia pareola napensis in northwest Amazonia
Authors: Cárdenas‐Posada Ghislaine , Cadena Carlos Daniel , Blake John G. , Loiselle Bette A. 
Published: October 2017

Members of the avian family Pipridae (manakins) have served as a model system for studies aimed at understanding cooperation among individuals, traits involved in sexual selection and the evolution of female preferences. These studies rely on a detailed natural history baseline, yet multiple manakin taxa remain unstudied, precluding comparative analyses and assessment of geographical variation. The Blue‐backed Manakin Chiroxiphia pareola is a widely distributed species with four recognized subspecies; however, most published information on display behaviour, social organization and vocalizations are derived from an island population of one subspecies, Chiroxiphia pareola atlantica. To describe the social organization and patterns of activity of the subspecies C. p. napensis, we studied a population in eastern Ecuador and collected data from seven display areas or leks within the Tiputini Biodiversity Station. We used focal observations, camera traps and automatic song recorders to collect information for the field seasons from January to March 2013 and video cameras from February to March 2014. Males were active most of the day with a peak in activity at noon. Display areas were occupied by one to five males, ranging from > 2 to > 18 years old. The vocal repertoire included duet song displays and a variety of calls. We provide sonograms for all six observed vocalizations, including two previously unrecorded vocalizations for the species, and comment on the possible behavioural context of each vocalization. We describe five distinct display elements and the dance display behaviour, and highlight differences relative to other species of the genus. The first part of the dance display involved cooperative dancing, whereas the second part was a solo display, usually performed by alpha males. Our work reveals some differences between C. p. napensis and C. p. atlantica, such as a possible aggressive interaction between males of different ages and hierarchical status that has not been reported before and the apparent absence of mechanical wing sounds in C. p. napensis. The data reported here help advance our knowledge of the evolution of display behaviour among manakins.
Biogeography of salt marsh plant zonation on the Pacific coast of South America
Authors: Fariña José M. , He Qiang , Silliman Brian R. , Bertness Mark D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the biogeography of plant zonation in salt marshes on the Pacific coast of South America; to examine whether salt marsh plant zonation varies with latitude; and to explore the relative importance of climatic, tidal, edaphic and disturbance factors in explaining large‐scale variation in salt marsh plant community structure.LocationA 2,000‐km latitudinal gradient on the Pacific coast in Chile, with a climate shift from hyper‐arid at low to hyper‐humid at high latitudes.MethodsPlant zonation was quantified in field surveys of ten marshes. Climate, tidal regimes, edaphic factors and disturbances (tsunami and rainfall floods) were determined. We used multivariate analyses to explore their relative importance in explaining large‐scale variation in salt marsh plant community structure.ResultsAcross latitude, marshes were dominated by distinct plant communities in different climate regions, especially at the extreme dry and wet latitudes. Intertidal plant species zonation was present in hyper‐arid and semi‐arid climates, but not in arid, humid and hyper‐humid climates. Latitudinal variation in low‐marsh plant communities (regularly flooded at high tide) was largely a function of precipitation, while at high marshes (never flooded at high tide) latitudinal variation was explained with precipitation, temperature, tidal cycles, soil salinity and disturbances.Main conclusionsSalt marshes on the Pacific coast of South America belong to Dry Coast and Temperate biogeographic types. Salt marsh plant zonation varies across latitude, and is explained by climatic, tidal, edaphic and disturbance factors. These patterns appear to be mechanistically explained by extrapolating experimentally generated community assembly models and have implications for predicting responses to climate change.
RETRACTED: Tanshinone IIA alleviates lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury by downregulating TRPM7 and pro‐inflammatory factors
Authors: Li Jie , Zheng Yan , Li Ming‐Xian , Yang Chu‐Wei , Liu Yu‐Fei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the role of Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute lung injury (ALI) in its regulation of TRPM7. Wistar male rats were randomly divided into the normal saline (NS), LPS, knockout (KO) + LPS, low‐dose Tan IIA (Tan‐L), middle‐dose Tan IIA (Tan‐M), high‐dose Tan IIA (Tan‐H) and KO + high‐dose Tan IIA (KO + Tan‐H) groups. The level of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, TRPM7 protein expression, current density‐voltage curve and Ca2+ concentration were detected through ELISA, Western blotting, electrophysiological experiment and a calcium‐imaging technique, respectively. The rats in the KO + LPS, Tan‐L, Tan‐M, Tan‐H and KO + Tan‐H groups all displayed lower levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 than the LPS group. Rats in the KO + Tan‐H group exhibited lower levels of NF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 than rats in the Tan‐H group. Elevated levels of TRPM7 protein expression in the LPS and Tan groups were detected in comparison with the NS group. However, TRPM7 protein expression in Tan‐M and Tan‐H groups was notably lower than in that of the LPS group. In comparison with the NS group, the LPS and Tan groups had a greater PIMs cell density and a higher concentration of Ca2+. Contrary results were observed in the KO + LPS, Tan‐H and KO + Tan‐H groups. Tan IIA decreases calcium influx in PIMs and inhibits pro‐inflammatory factors which provide an alleviatory effect in regards to LPS‐induced ALI by suppressing TRPM7 expression.
Nutrient‐driven O‐GlcNAc in proteostasis and neurodegeneration
Authors: Akan Ilhan , Olivier‐Van Stichelen Stephanie , Bond Michelle R. , Hanover John A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractProteostasis is essential in the mammalian brain where post‐mitotic cells must function for decades to maintain synaptic contacts and memory. The brain is dependent on glucose and other metabolites for proper function and is spared from metabolic deficits even during starvation. In this review, we outline how the nutrient‐sensitive nucleocytoplasmic post‐translational modification O‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) regulates protein homeostasis. The O‐GlcNAc modification is highly abundant in the mammalian brain and has been linked to proteopathies, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. C. elegans, Drosophila, and mouse models harboring O‐GlcNAc transferase‐ and O‐GlcNAcase‐knockout alleles have helped define the role O‐GlcNAc plays in development as well as age‐associated neurodegenerative disease. These enzymes add and remove the single monosaccharide from protein serine and threonine residues, respectively. Blocking O‐GlcNAc cycling is detrimental to mammalian brain development and interferes with neurogenesis, neural migration, and proteostasis. Findings in C. elegans and Drosophila model systems indicate that the dynamic turnover of O‐GlcNAc is critical for maintaining levels of key transcriptional regulators responsible for neurodevelopment cell fate decisions. In addition, pathways of autophagy and proteasomal degradation depend on a transcriptional network that is also reliant on O‐GlcNAc cycling. Like the quality control system in the endoplasmic reticulum which uses a ‘mannose timer’ to monitor protein folding, we propose that cytoplasmic proteostasis relies on an ‘O‐GlcNAc timer’ to help regulate the lifetime and fate of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. O‐GlcNAc‐dependent developmental alterations impact metabolism and growth of the developing mouse embryo and persist into adulthood. Brain‐selective knockout mouse models will be an important tool for understanding the role of O‐GlcNAc in the physiology of the brain and its susceptibility to neurodegenerative injury.
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Family‐centred care for families living with cystic fibrosis in a rural setting: A qualitative study
Authors: Jessup Melanie , Smyth Wendy , Abernethy Gail , Shields Linda , Douglas Tonia ,   On behalf of AREST‐CF
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore experiences of family‐centred care among parents of children with cystic fibrosis living far from tertiary treatment centres and to understand what such distances mean to their care.BackgroundAustralia is a large continent. However, many families with a child with cystic fibrosis live in regional areas, often thousands of kilometres away from the primary treatment centres located in Australia's coastal capital cities.DesignA qualitative, phenomenological design using a Van Manen () approach.MethodsIndividual, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents (n = 7) of a child with cystic fibrosis who lived in regional Australia. Thematic content data analysis was used.ResultsThe essence of the participants’ experience was their seeking certainty and continuity in the changeable realm of cystic fibrosis while negotiating a collaborative approach to their child's care. Five core themes and two subthemes were identified: “Daily care: a family affair,” including the subtheme “Accessing expert care”; “Family‐centred care: seeking inclusion”; “Control versus collaboration: seeking mutual trust,” with the subtheme “The team who grows with you”; “Future projections”; and “The CF circle.”ConclusionSome concerns are not unlike those of their city counterparts, but can be intensified by their sense of distance and isolation.Relevance to clinical practiceInsight into this unique milieu from the parents’ perspective is requisite so that care is appropriate to such a challenging environment and incorporates the whole family.
Changes in sleep quality with age–a 36‐year follow‐up study of Finnish working‐aged adults
Authors: Hublin Christer , Lehtovirta Mikko , Partinen Markku , Koskenvuo Markku , Kaprio Jaakko 
Published: October 2017

SummaryLong‐term follow‐up data on changes in sleep quality among middle‐aged adults is scarce. We assessed sleep quality in a population‐based cohort (n = 4847) of twins born between 1945 and 1957 during a follow‐up of 36 years, with four measurement points in 1975, 1981, 1990 and 2011. Sleep quality was categorized as sleeping well, fairly well, fairly poorly or poorly. The mean age at the beginning of follow‐up was 24.0, and at the end was 60.3 years. Of all the adults, 71.1% slept well or fairly well at each time‐point throughout the follow‐up and 0.5% poorly or fairly poorly. The proportion of those sleeping poorly or fairly poorly increased linearly over time; 3.5% among both sexes at the start, and 15.5% among men and 20.9% among women at the end of the follow‐up. The last survey indicated a strong association between self‐rated health and sleep quality: sleeping poorly or fairly poorly was reported 15 times more frequently by those rating their health as fairly poor than by those rating their health as very good. There was a strong association between indicators of depression and poor sleep. Although many studies have reported increasing frequencies in sleep problems, our results, based on a long‐term cohort study, indicate that the majority of people sleep well or fairly well. Sleep quality declines with age, but only a very small fraction of the adults in this long follow‐up consistently slept poorly.
Congenital cytomegalovirus in Japan: More than 2 year follow up of infected newborns
Authors: Koyano Shin , Morioka Ichiro , Oka Akira , Moriuchi Hiroyuki , Asano Kimisato , Ito Yushi , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Yamada Hideto , Suzutani Tatsuo , Inoue Naoki ,   the Japanese Congenital Cytomegalovirus Study Group
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection identified on urine‐filter screening assay at >2 years’ follow up, and to observe the clinical outcomes after anti‐CMV treatment.MethodsSixty of 72 congenital CMV patients were enrolled and clinically observed for >2 years. Forty‐three were asymptomatic at birth; seven were symptomatic at birth but untreated with anti‐CMV drugs; and 10 were symptomatic and treated with anti‐CMV drugs.ResultsOf the 43 asymptomatic patients, three developed hearing loss or language disability for which association with congenital CMV has been repeatedly reported, and two had neurological sequelae of which the etiology was unclear, indicating that the rate of CMV‐associated late‐onset sequelae was 7–12%. All seven symptomatic infants without treatment developed sequelae, while three of the 10 treated patients were free from any sequelae.ConclusionsThe rate of late‐onset sequelae observed in Japan is similar to that reported in the USA and Europe. The treatment of symptomatic patients with antiviral agents results in favorable clinical outcomes. Thus, newborn urine–filter paper screening of congenital CMV infection is warranted.
“Racial realism II: Are folk races real?”
Authors: Spencer Quayshawn 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article is Part II in a pair of articles on racial realism. In Part I, I defined “racial realism” and discussed the major attempts in the past twenty years among metaphysicians of race and biologists to defend racial realism from the viewpoint of what biologists mean by “race.” In this article, I continue discussing and critiquing how metaphysicians of race have conceived of and defended racial realism, but with a focus on how ordinary people use “race.” I focus on two broad groups of racial realisms in this article: biological racial realism and social racial realism. After defining each one, I summarize a representative sample of recent attempts from metaphysicians of race to defend both types of racial realism. I also discuss major criticisms against each attempt. I end by sketching a new, radical pluralist way of being a racial realist, and I provide some empirical motivation for why it's promising.
Novel mutations in KLF1 encoding the In(Lu) phenotype reflect a diversity of clinical presentations
Authors: Keller Jessica , Vege Sunitha , Horn Trina , Keller Margaret A. , Leger Regina M. , Aeschlimann Judith , Lomas‐Francis Christine , Westhoff Connie M. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDMutation in the KLF1 gene is the cause of the In(Lu) (Inhibitor of Lutheran) Lu(a–b–) phenotype and more than 60 alleles have been associated with this phenotype. Here we describe findings from investigation of seven cases: six presenting with a Lu(a–b–) phenotype including the historical index case and one referred from a patient with chronic anemia.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSerologic testing was by standard methods. DNA testing included amplification and sequencing of KLF1 and LU coding regions. A StuI polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism was designed to target c.304T>C in KLF1.RESULTSFive different KLF1 alleles were identified. Three are new: KLF1*90A (p.Trp30Ter), KLF*911A (p.Thr304Lys), and KLF1*304C,318G (p. Ser102Pro, Tyr106Ter) present in two unrelated individuals. Two, including the index case, had c.954dupG (p.Arg319Glufs*34), that is, KLF1*BGM06. The child with unexplained anemia had c.973G>A (p.Glu325Lys), associated with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia. The common c.304T>C was found in two of the seven samples investigated and in 60 of 100 blood donors.CONCLUSIONMutations in KLF1 are pleiotropic and although most are benign, others are associated with hematologic abnormalities. We report three new KLF1 alleles associated with benign In(Lu) and document both the molecular basis of the original In(Lu) phenotype using a frozen sample stored for more than 50 years and the cause of unexplained anemia in a child. We also confirm previous observations that c.304C (p.102Pro) is not, by itself, associated with an In(Lu) phenotype in donors self‐identified as U.S. minorities.
Nitric oxide (NO) radical inhibitory of hedyotis philippinensis and its marker compound, asperuloside
Authors: Mohamad Mahbob Emi Norzehan , Ahmad Rohaya , Ahmad Syahida 
Published: October 2017

Hedyotis spesies have been used in Chinese folk medicine as a treatment for colds, stomatitis and various inflammations. In this study, three methanolic extracts of Hedyotis species (Hedyotis corymbosa, Hedyotis havilandii and Hedyotis philippinensis) were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity. The plant extracts along with asperuloside, the marker compound of H. philippinensis were tested for their anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon- (IFN-)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production using RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Among the three species, H. philippinensis (leaves and stems) showed good NO radical inhibitory activity (with IC50 values of 139.76±12.50 and 176.21±2.48 g/ml, respectively). Asperuloside, isolated as a major compound from the plant moderately inhibited LPS/IFN--induced NO production by 63% at a concentration of 100 M (45% cell viability) compared to L-NAME (77 %). Its IC50 value was found to be 75.45±2.25 M. Its inhibition was also found to be dose-dependent.
Standard errors estimation in the presence of high leverage point and heteroscedastic errors in multiple linear regression
Authors: Peng Khoo Li , Adnan Robiah , Ahmad Maizah Hura 
Published: October 2017

In this study, the Robust Heteroscedastic Consistent Covariance Matrix (RHCCM) was proposed in order to estimate standard errors of regression coefficients in the presence of high leverage points and heteroscedastic errors in multiple linear regression. Robust Heteroscedastic Consistent Covariance Matrix (RHCCM) is the combination of a robust method and Heteroscedasticit Consistent Covariance Matrix (HCCM). The robust method is used to eliminate the effect of high leverage points while HCCM is mainly used to eliminate the effect of heteroscedastic errors. The performance of RHCCM was assessed through an empirical study and compared with results obtained when the original Heteroscedastic Consistent Covariance Matrix was used.