bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Morphological and Quantitative Analysis of Lung CT Scan in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and in Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Vergani Giordano , Cressoni Massimo , Crimella Francesco , L’Acqua Camilla , Sisillo Erminio , Gurgitano Martina , Liguori Alessandro , Annoni Andrea , Carrafiello Gianpaolo , Chiumello Davide 
Published: November 2017

Background: The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) are both characterized by an increase in lung edema that can be measured by computed tomography (CT). The aim of this study was to compare possible differences between patients with ARDS and CPE in the morphologic pattern, the aeration, and the amount and distribution of edema within the lung. Methods: Lung CT was performed at a mean positive end-expiratory pressure level of 5 cm H2O in both groups. The morphological evaluation was performed by two radiologists, while the quantitative evaluation was performed by a dedicated software. Results: A total of 60 patients with ARDS (20 mild, 20 moderate, 20 severe) and 20 patients with CPE were enrolled. The ground-glass attenuation regions were similarly present among the groups, 8 (40%), 8 (40%), 14 (70%), and 10 (50%), while the airspace consolidations were significantly more present in ARDS. The lung gas volume was significantly lower in severe ARDS compared to CPE (830 [462] vs 1120 [832] mL). Moving from the nondependent to the dependent lung regions, the not inflated lung tissue significantly increased, while the well inflated tissue decreased (ρ = 0.96-1.00, P < .0001). Significant differences were found between ARDS and CPE mostly in dependent regions. In severe ARDS, the estimated edema was significantly higher, compared to CPE (757 [740] vs 532 [637] g). Conclusions: Both ARDS and CPE are characterized by a similar presence of ground-glass attenuation and different airspace consolidation regions. Acute respiratory distress syndrome has a higher amount of not inflated tissue and lower amount of well inflated tissue. However, the overall regional distribution is similar within the lung.
The mediating effect of ethical climate on religious orientation and ethical behavior
Authors: Hassanian Zahra Marzieh , Shayan Arezoo 
Published: November 2017

Background: Nurses’ behavior in Educational-Medical centers is very important for improving the condition of patients. Ethical climate represents the ethical values and behavioral expectations. Attitude of people toward religion is both intrinsic and extrinsic. Different ethical climates and attitude toward religion could be associated with nurses’ behavior. Aim: To study the mediating effect of ethical climate on religious orientation and ethical behaviors of nurses. Research design: In an exploratory analysis study, the path analysis method was used to identify the effective variables on ethical behavior. Participants/context: The participants consisted of 259 Iranian nurses from Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Ethical considerations: This project with an ethical code and a unique ID IR.UMSHA.REC.1395.67 was approved in the Research Council of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Findings: The beta coefficients obtained by regression analysis of perception of ethical climate of individual egoism (B = −0.202, p < 0.001), individual ethical principles (B = −0.184, p = 0.001), local egoism (B = −0.136, p = 0.003), and extrinsic religious orientation (B = −0.266, p = 0.007) were significant that they could act as predictors of ethical behavior. The summary of regression model indicated that 0.27% of ethical behaviors of nurses are justified by two variables: ethical climate and religious orientation. Discussion and conclusion: Intrinsic religious orientation has the most direct impact and then, respectively, the variables of ethical climate of perceptions in the dimensions of individual egoism, individual ethical principles, local egoism, global ethical principle, and ethical behavior and extrinsic religious orientation follow. All the above, except global ethical principles and intrinsic orientation of religion have a negative effect on ethical behavior and can be predictors of ethical behavior. Therefore, applying strategies to promote theories of intrinsic religious orientation and global ethical principles in different situations of nursing is recommended.
Relationship between race and outcome in Asian, Black, and Caucasian patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: Data from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive and Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke trial
Authors: Krishnan Kailash , Beishon Lucy , Berge Eivind , Christensen Hanne , Dineen Robert A , Ozturk Serefnur , Sprigg Nikola , Wardlaw Joanna M , Bath Philip M 
Published: November 2017

Background and purpose Although poor prognosis after intracerebral hemorrhage relates to risk factors and hematoma characteristics, there is limited evidence for the effect of race–ethnicity. Methods Data from 1011 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage enrolled into hyperacute trials and randomized to control were obtained from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive and Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke Trial. Clinical characteristics and functional outcome were compared among three racial groups – Asians, Blacks, and Caucasians. Results The majority of patients were Caucasian (78.1%) followed by Asians (14.5%) and Blacks (5.5%). At baseline, Caucasians were older and had larger hematoma volumes; Blacks had lower Glasgow Coma Scale and higher systolic blood pressure (all p < 0.05). Although the primary outcome of modified Rankin Scale did not differ at 90 days (p = 0.14), there were significant differences in mortality (p < 0.0001) and quality of life (EQ-5D p < 0.0001; EQ-VAS p 0.015). In test of multiple comparisons, Caucasians were more likely to die (p = 0.0003) and had worse quality of life (EQ-5D p = 0.003; EQ-VAS p < 0.0001) as compared to Asians. Conclusion Race–ethnicity appears to explain some of the variation in clinical characteristics and outcomes after acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Factors that explain this variation need to be identified.
Secondary prevention programme of ischaemic heart disease in the elderly: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Marcos-Forniol Elisenda , Meco José F , Corbella Emili , Formiga Francesc , Pintó Xavier 
Published: November 2017

Background Elderly patients have been underrepresented in secondary cardiovascular prevention programmes. This study aimed to ascertain the effects of a secondary coronary disease prevention programme in these patients. Design Open randomised intervention study with parallel groups. Methods One hundred and twenty-seven patients aged ≥70 years with a recent acute coronary syndrome were randomised to a protocolised clinical intervention plus usual care (intervention group, n = 64) or to usual care alone (control group, n = 63). Patients were assessed at baseline and after 12 months. The main outcome was the percentage of patients with optimal risk factor control after 12 months of follow-up. Secondary outcomes included changes in Mediterranean diet adherence, quality of life and functionality. Mortality was evaluated three years after the end of the intervention. Results One hundred and six patients (83.4%) completed 12 months of follow-up (54 in the intervention group and 52 in the control group). At the end of intervention, 34.2% more patients in the intervention group had achieved optimal risk factor control with a number needed to treat of 3 (relative risk 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.36 to 3.50). The intervention group improved adherence to the Mediterranean diet ( p = 0.013) and functionality assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery ( p = 0.047). No differences between groups were found in quality of life (Short-Form 36 Health Survey) or mortality after three years (hazard ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval 0.41 to 3.45). Conclusions A secondary coronary disease prevention programme in elderly patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome improved risk factor control, Mediterranean diet adherence and functionality.
Combined allelic dosage of Nfia and Nfib regulates cortical development
Authors: Bunt Jens , Osinski Jason M , Lim Jonathan WC , Vidovic Diana , Ye Yunan , Zalucki Oressia , O’Connor Timothy R , Harris Lachlan , Gronostajski Richard M , Richards Linda J , Piper Michael 
Published: November 2017

Background: Nuclear factor I family members nuclear factor I A and nuclear factor I B play important roles during cerebral cortical development. Nuclear factor I A and nuclear factor I B regulate similar biological processes, as their expression patterns, regulation of target genes and individual knockout phenotypes overlap. We hypothesised that the combined allelic loss of Nfia and Nfib would culminate in more severe defects in the cerebral cortex than loss of a single member. Methods: We combined immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry on knockout mouse models to investigate whether nuclear factor I A and nuclear factor I B function similarly and whether increasing allelic loss of Nfia and Nfib caused a more severe phenotype. Results: We determined that the biological functions of nuclear factor I A and nuclear factor I B overlap during early cortical development. These proteins are co-expressed and can form heterodimers in vivo. Differentially regulated genes that are shared between Nfia and Nfib knockout mice are highly enriched for nuclear factor I binding sites in their promoters and are associated with neurodevelopment. We found that compound heterozygous deletion of both genes resulted in a cortical phenotype similar to that of single homozygous Nfia or Nfib knockout embryos. This was characterised by retention of the interhemispheric fissure, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and a malformed dentate gyrus. Double homozygous knockout of Nfia and Nfib resulted in a more severe phenotype, with increased ventricular enlargement and decreased numbers of differentiated glia and neurons. Conclusion: In the developing cerebral cortex, nuclear factor I A and nuclear factor I B share similar biological functions and function additively, as the combined allelic loss of these genes directly correlates with the severity of the developmental brain phenotype.
Intraocular Lens Repositioning With Polypropylene Suture to Reduce Optic Tilt
Authors: Lertjirachai Itsara , Stem Maxwell S. , Todorich Bozho , Wolfe Jeremy D. , Capone Antonio 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: To describe a technique to reduce intraocular lens (IOL) tilt after sutureless intrascleral (SIS) fixation. Methods: Case report with review of surgical technique. Results: We report a technique that can be used to correct IOL tilt that may rarely accompany SIS IOL fixation. The procedure involves placing pupil-spanning polypropylene sutures on either side of the IOL optic to keep the optic parallel to the plane of the iris. Conclusion: Sutureless intrascleral IOL tilt correction can be achieved using polypropylene suture, thus obviating the need for more invasive surgical maneuvers, such as IOL exchange.
Smoothened signaling in the mouse osteoblastoid lineage is required for efficient B lymphopoiesis
Authors: Lu Wenyan , Dordai Dominic , Huso David , Desiderio Stephen 
Published: November 2017

Key Points
Hh signaling has been selectively extinguished in the mouse osteoblastoid lineage. Removal of Smo from osteoblasts results in a profound B-lymphopoietic defect.
Constitutive Ras signaling and Ink4a/Arf inactivation cooperate during the development of B-ALL in mice
Authors: Sewastianik Tomasz , Jiang Meng , Sukhdeo Kumar , Patel Sanjay S. , Roberts Kathryn , Kang Yue , Alduaij Ahmad , Dennis Peter S. , Lawney Brian , Liu Ruiyang , Song Zeyuan , Xiong Jessie , Zhang Yunyu , Lemieux Madeleine E. , Pinkus Geraldine S. , Rich Jeremy N. , Weinstock David M. , Mullighan Charles G. , Sharpless Norman E. , Carrasco Ruben D. 
Published: November 2017

Key Points
Ras pathway activation cooperates with Ink4a/Arf locus deletion in B cells to induce a fully penetrant lymphoma/leukemia phenotype in mice. These tumors resemble high-risk subtypes of human B-ALL, providing a convenient and highly reproducible model of refractory B-ALL.
Lexis as most local context: towards an SFL approach to lexicology
Authors: Fontaine Lise 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe world of lexis is vast and complex and it is generally accepted in psycholinguistics that it is represented as part of a large complex network. However, in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) modelling lexis has remained a relatively underdeveloped area of the theory. The ideas underpinning this paper stem from exploring the interface of context and lexicology, asking how SFL does and could handle lexis within the theory. Here the SFL concept of context is used to develop a similar account of lexis. The argumentation is based on the assumption that ‘knowing about’ context and 'knowing about’ lexis is contained and maintained within a networked cognitive system. The common view of the relationship between context and lexis is generally one of disambiguation, frequently through collocation. However, I argue that there is more involved than that. In this paper, I use the SFL approach to context to establish the first steps towards an analogous approach to lexicology. The conclusion offered here is that it is theoretically plausible to draw on the dimension of instantiation, in a complementary way to delicacy, in order to model lexis as most local context, where the lexeme (or lemma) is modelled as meaning potential.
Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis; a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Seong-Jang , Lee Sang-Woo 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
The current review aimed to investigate the performance of the diagnostic accuracy of 18F- fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) in detecting peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:
The MEDLINE via PubMed and EMBASE from the earliest available date of indexing to 31 March 2017, were searched for studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting PC. We evaluated the pooled sensitivities and specificities across included studies, calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−), and plotted summary receiver operating characteristic curves. Deek’s funnel plot asymmetry tests were used to assess the possible underlying publication bias.

Results:
The current meta-analysis demonstrated no significant publication bias (p = 0.21). Across 14 studies (671 patients), the overall sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT was 0.87 [95% CI (0.77−0.93)] with heterogeneity (χ 2 = 94.2, p = 0.00) and a pooled specificity of 0.92 [95% CI; (0.89−0.94)] with heterogeneity (χ 2 = 20.6, p = 0.08). LR syntheses gave an overall LR+ of 10.4 [95% CI (7.5−14.5)] and LR− of 0.14 [95% CI (0.08−0.26)]. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 73 [95% CI (34−159)]. In univariate meta-regression analysis, publication year and cohort homogeneity were the potent sources of heterogeneity. However, in multivariate meta-regression, no definite variable was the source of the study heterogeneity.

Conclusion:
18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of PC. Further large multicentre studies would be necessary to substantiate the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis of PC in various cancers.

Advances in knowledge:
18F-FDG PET/CT showed good diagnostic performance in the evaluation of PC and could provide additional information for that purpose in various cancers.
Initial clinical observations of intra- and interfractional motion variation in MR-guided lung SBRT
Authors: Thomas David H , Santhanam Anand , Kishan Amar U , Cao Minsong , Lamb James , Min Yugang , O'Connell Dylan , Yang Yingli , Agazaryan Nzhde , Lee Percy , Low Daniel 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
To evaluate variations in intra- and interfractional tumour motion, and the effect on internal target volume (ITV) contour accuracy, using deformable image registration of real-time two-dimensional-sagittal cine-mode MRI acquired during lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatments.

Methods:
Five lung tumour patients underwent free-breathing SBRT treatments on the ViewRay system, with dose prescribed to a planning target volume (defined as a 3–6 mm expansion of the 4DCT-ITV). Sagittal slice cine-MR images (3.5 × 3.5 mm2 pixels) were acquired through the centre of the tumour at 4 frames per second throughout the treatments (3–4 fractions of 21–32 min). Tumour gross tumour volumes (GTVs) were contoured on the first frame of the MR cine and tracked for the first 20 min of each treatment using offline optical-flow based deformable registration implemented on a GPU cluster. A ground truth ITV (MR-ITV20 min) was formed by taking the union of tracked GTV contours. Pseudo-ITVs were generated from unions of the GTV contours tracked over 10 s segments of image data (MR-ITV10 s).

Results:
Differences were observed in the magnitude of median tumour displacement between days of treatments. MR-ITV10 s areas were as small as 46% of the MR-ITV20 min.

Conclusion:
An ITV offers a “snapshot” of breathing motion for the brief period of time the tumour is imaged on a specific day. Real-time MRI over prolonged periods of time and over multiple treatment fractions shows that ITV size varies. Further work is required to investigate the dosimetric effect of these results.

Advances in knowledge:
Five lung tumour patients underwent free-breathing MRI-guided SBRT treatments, and their tumours tracked using deformable registration of cine-mode MRI. The results indicate that variability of both intra- and interfractional breathing amplitude should be taken into account during planning of lung radiotherapy.
The Effect of Subscription Video-on-Demand on Piracy: Evidence from a Household-Level Randomized Experiment
Authors: Godinho de Matos Miguel , Ferreira Pedro , Smith Michael D. 
Published: November 2017

We partner with a major multinational telecommunications provider to analyze the effect of subscription video-on-demand (SVoD) services on digital piracy. For a period of 45 consecutive days, a group of randomly selected households who used BitTorrent in the past were gifted with a bundle of TV channels with movies and TV shows that could be streamed as in SVoD. We find that, on average, households that received the gift increased overall TV consumption by 4.6% and reduced Internet downloads and uploads by 4.2% and 4.5%, respectively. However, and also on average, treated households did not change their likelihood of using BitTorrent during the experiment. Our findings are heterogeneous across households and are mediated by the fit between the preferences of households in our sample for movies and the content available as part of the gifted channels. Households with preferences aligned with the gifted content reduced their probability of using BitTorrent during the experiment by 18% and decreased their amount of upload traffic by 45%. We also show using simulation that the size of the SVoD catalog and licensing window restrictions limit significantly the ability of content providers to match SVoD offerings to the preferences of BitTorrent users. Finally, we estimate that households in our sample are willing to pay at most $3.25 USD per month to access a SVoD catalog as large as Netflix’s in the United States. Together, our results show that, as a stand-alone strategy, using legal SVoD to curtail piracy will require, at the minimum, offering content much earlier and at much lower prices than those currently offered in the marketplace, changes that are likely to reduce industry revenue and that may damage overall incentives to produce new content while, at the same time, curbing only a small share of piracy. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2875 . This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Collusion in Bertrand vs. Cournot Competition: A Virtual Bargaining Approach
Authors: Melkonyan Tigran , Zeitoun Hossam , Chater Nick 
Published: November 2017

How do firms manage to collude without communicating? Why do we find more collusion in price competition than in quantity competition? Why is collusion so hard to detect? We examine strategic behavior in competitive interactions by developing and applying the concept of virtual bargaining. When decision makers virtually bargain, they mentally simulate, and choose among, agreements that they could reach if they were able to explicitly negotiate with each other. Virtual bargainers focus on agreements that offer some protection against the possibility that their counterparts may deviate and best respond to these agreements. We develop a formal account of virtual bargaining and demonstrate that it leads to collusion in Bertrand, but not in Cournot, competition. In this framework, collusion is a result of virtual bargaining as a mode of reasoning and requires neither communication nor dynamic considerations, such as rewards and punishments, between the players. This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.
It’s alive in the laboratory of the mind: Frankenstein, thought experiment and facing the future of science
Authors: Gil Steven 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Science fiction splices actuality, eventuality and imagination into creations that provide novel and sometimes highly influential perspectives on science and society. One of the greatest examples of this is Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein – the infamous tale of a man who literally splices dead flesh into a new form and bestows this creation with life. By examining Frankenstein as a thought experiment, this article demonstrates how science fiction can become a commentary on scientific activity, give insight about where science might lead, and provide a resource for discussing and framing new science.
Science fictional doubles: Technologization of the doppelgänger and sinister science in serial science fiction TV
Authors: Mountfort Paul 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This article focuses on iterations of the double in science fiction television (SFTV) of the 2010s and in particular how four recent series attest to both the increasing technologization of the doppelgänger and concomitant representations of science and scientists as tending towards the sinister. Each of the shows analysed here – Fringe (2008–13), Continuum (2012–15), Äkta människor (Real Humans) (2012–14) and Orphan Black (2014–17) – feature, to varying degrees, doubles of human characters that owe their fictional existence to formative scientific/technological breakthroughs. I will discuss how this recourse to science – including quantum physics, time travel, robotics and genetics – serves to technologize and thus reconfigure the double, while at the same time (re)producing powerful representations of science and scientists that tap into broader cultural memes. These include the archetypal mad scientist, corporatized and militarized science, science driven by utilitarianism and science in service to sinister conspiracy.
Whose ‘science’ is this? – reflections on a 1930s survey of popular science
Authors: LaFollette Marcel Chotkowski 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
For historians of twentieth-century popular science, Watson Davis’ 1939 report, A Survey of the Interpretation of Science to the Public, has long represented a special part of the field’s ‘grey literature’. The report’s analyses appear sophisticated and nuanced. But if the survey analysis was reliable, why had it never been published? The saga of the suppressed report offers insight into how scientists and journalists perceived the role, goals and importance of popularization. The report’s observations about contemporary culture and its statistical analysis of contemporary movies, radio programming, newspapers, magazines and books, preserved in the Smithsonian Institution Archives, are valuable resources for historians.