bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Elastomer for the Mining Industry
Authors: Costemalle B. , Fusco J. V. , Kruse D. F. 
Published: July 2017

A new polymer has been developed with extraordinary heat, oxidation and chemical resistance for a hydrocarbon elastomer. The polymer, based on a controlled brominated derivative of poly (isobutylene-co-paramethyl styrene), is completely saturated with low levels of benzylic bromides for functionality important to vulcanization and chemical activity for adhesion and other functional modifications. This paper will describe several mining applications where the unique attributes of this new polymer system enhanced performances in mining operations. Innerliners based on the new polymer in OTR tires for open mining vehicular operations give vastly improved heat/flex resistance in prolonging the life of the expensive, large OTR tires. Conveyor belting performance will benefit from use of the new polymer in prolonged operations where flex and heat resistance are important especially in composite constructions. Other applications will be described demonstrating the latitude in properties capable with the new polymer system.
Advanced Extraction Resistant Long-Term Thermal Stabilizers for Polyolefin Pipes
Authors: Schmutz Th. , Kramer E. , Zweifel H. , Dorner G. 
Published: July 2017

For many years, sterically hindered phenols have been the standard for the long-term thermal stabilization of polyolefin pipes. Recently, an advanced stabilization system was developed which offers better gas and water extraction resistance than these phenolic systems, thus being able to better fulfill the stringent requirement of guaranteeing a pipe lifetime of more than 50 years. In this paper, current standard phenolic antioxidant pipe formulations are compared to new hindered amine thermal stabilizer (HATS) formulations in different polyolefins. The data show that the new HATS systems are better able to maintain the mechanical properties, molar mass, and thermo-oxidative stability of the pipe resins during exposure time.
Vasoconstrictive Effects of Cocaine and Lidocaine with Epinephrine in the Hamster Cheek Pouch Model
Authors: Raster John F. , Chow James M. 
Published: July 2017

Otolaryngologists frequently use cocaine and lidocaine with epinephrine for their anesthetic and vasoconstrictive effects. However, no studies have visually compared the vasoconstrictive effects of cocaine to lidocaine with epinephrine. This study used the everted hamster cheek pouch model to assess the vasoconstrictive effects of cocaine and lidocaine with epinephrine by measuring the diameter changes of arterioles. Our results showed that locally injected 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 units epinephrine caused the greatest diameter reduction in arterioles to 32% of the initial resting diameter. Topical 1% lidocaine with 1:100,00 units epinephrine caused a gradual reduction in diameter with findings equivalent to those of injected 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 units epinephrine at 30 minutes. Topical 5% cocaine HCl showed a minimal response, with a reduction to only 85% of the resting arteriolar diameter. Topical NaCl and injected NaCl controls showed no significant arteriolar reduction. Vasoconstrictive differences between the preparations were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Five percent cocaine is a much weaker vasoconstrictor than locally injected 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 units epinephrine.
Age-adjusted D-dimer for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Gómez-Jabalera Efrem , Bellmunt Montoya Sergio , Fuentes-Camps Eva , Escudero Rodríguez José Román 
Published: July 2017

Objective In the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis, new D-dimer cut-off values were defined by multiplying 10 µg/L × age. The objective of the present study is to define a more specific age-adjusted value, including the pre-test Wells score, without worsening sensitivity. Methods We designed a case–control study in patients attended in the emergency department with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis. Demographics, Wells score, D-dimer and ultrasound data were collected. In low and intermediate clinical probability cases for deep vein thrombosis, we determined the specificity and sensitivity (false-negative rates) for the following cut-off values of D-dimer: age × 10 µg/L, age × 15 µg/L, age × 20 µg/L, age × 25 µg/L and age × 30 µg/L. The cut-off value with maximum specificity without any false-negative result (sensitivity 100%) was identified. Results We included 138 consecutive patients, 39.9% were men and the mean age was 71.6 years. Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed in 16.7% of patients and the Wells score was low in 69.6%, intermediate in 21% and high in 9.4% of patients. Applying the conventional cut-off value of 500 µg/L, the specificity was 21.1% with a sensitivity of 100%. Maintaining 100% sensitivity, the highest specificity was reached with a cut-off value for D-dimer equivalent to the age × 25 µg/L in low-risk patients (67.1% specificity) and the age × 10 µg/L (50% specificity) in intermediate-risk patients. Conclusions In patients with low Wells score, the cut-off value can be raised to age × 25 µg/L in order to rule out deep vein thrombosis without jeopardizing safety. In intermediate-risk patients, the D-dimer cut-off value could be raised to age × 10 µg/L as previously suggested.
The Sandwich Injection Moulding Technology—Effects and Limiting Quantities for the Spatial Distribution of the Components
Authors: Eigl Franz A. , Langecker Günter R. 
Published: July 2017

The factors influencing the spatial distribution of the core component can be divided into geometric, material and process parameters. The distribution of the components is substantially determined by the viscosities of both components, the viscosity ratio of the core and skin melt, the length of the simultaneous phase and the speed of the flow front. In order to describe the layer thickness formation and the melt flow instabilities new models are introduced. They are based on empirically determined interrelations of individual limiting quantities and allow the description of the essential effects of the melt flow during the mould filling process.
Determination of the Transverse Permeability of a Fiber Preform
Authors: Ballata William O. , Walsh Shawn M. , Advani Suresh 
Published: July 2017

This paper addresses the flow properties of Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) with primary emphasis on transverse (z-direction) permeability. In the case of RTM, the permeability [K] matrix of the fabric preform is the quantity that governs the accuracy of any numerical flow simulation. Characterization of the in-plane permeabilities (Kxx, Kyy,) is done by simple radial flow experiments. However, the transverse permeability is difficult to measure accurately due to the inability to visualize the flow pattern through the thickness. Also, one dimensional flow experiments, which are ideal, encounter significant racetracking along the edges that inhibits proper monitoring of the true transverse flow. The need for accurate transverse permeabilities stems from use of three dimensional flow simulations to model the manufacture of thick section composite components fabricated by the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding genre of composite processes. The objective for this work is to develop an improved methodology to determine the transverse permeability of a fabric preform. This will include formation of the experimental apparatus, configuration of visualization tools, analytical solution for that geometry, creation of a numerical model, permeability predictions given flow front location with time, and finally plotting the series of permeabilities as a function of the percentage of fill. The experimental apparatus is based on a vacuum driven operation to simulate the process desired. A modified version of "SMARTweave," which is the enabling technology for insitu flow monitoring, is used for visualization of the fluid phase. Preliminary experimental data is reported and transverse permeabilities are calculated for several preforms. A comparison of the data to established methods is shown.
Effect of Local Material Variations on Tapered Sandwich Structures
Authors: King Michael J. , Chen Julie , Sherwood James A. , Brachos Vasilios 
Published: July 2017

Existing finite element models can predict the behavior of complex anisotropic structures under combined loading. However, these models typically assume a simplified material model, non-distorted orientation of the fiber materials used in the manufacturing process, and the absence of defects such as voids and dry spots. Such assumptions are particularly questionable in areas of high curvature or significant thickness changes. These areas typically have the double effect of being areas of high stress as well as areas susceptible to manufacturing defects. This paper will discuss preliminary results from a combined experimental and finite element study that shows the effect of local material variations on actual structural performance. The subject of this study is the Solectria Sunrise composite wheel well. The first part of the paper will present results from testing of an actual wheel well; the second part will briefly discuss our recent efforts at studying one particularly critical component: the tapered sandwich structure and its relationship to resin infusion manufacturing defects and fatigue behavior.
India'S Exports to Japan: Problems and Issues
Authors: Alam Iqbal Badar 
Published: July 2017

The emergence of Japan as one of the leading economic super powers as well as one of the trading surplus nations in the world has been possible due to an interaction between economic, social and political factors in the decade of the 1980's. There are certain vital factors namely inductive planning for the economy, restrictions on possible competition between two most important facets [firms and imports]. low interest rates and minimum controls on the firms and industry which have made Japan as a global force. In recent years, Japanese Planners have initiated a market oriented policy to deal with economic issues based upon trade liberalisation, increasing privatization and reducing fiscal deficits. As a result, Japanese manufacturers constitute one-third of the Japanese total Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This has been possible because of the ability of Japanese to adapt quickly to the fast changing business environment all over the World. In recent times it has been noticed that Japan's imports are dominated by food and raw materials [particularly minerals and fuels]. This situation is of great advantage to major producing nations of food and minerals. Added to this, Japan has also reduced some tariffs and non-tariff barriers. Hence developing economies should capitalise the existing trends and situation for enhancing their exports to Japan in a big way. India should also come forward with action oriented policy for increasing exports to Japan especially traditional items or farm exports for earning substantial amount of foreign exchange which is badly needed by India to overcome its BOP problem. With this background, the present paper reviews critically trends in Indo-Japanese Trade in the decade of the 1980's and will also suggest a strategy for increasing exports to Japanese market which has great potentials to absorb India's goods. This paper has three section. First section reviews trends in Indo-Japanese Trade in the decade of the 1980's, Second section highlights the major constraints standing in the way of increasing exports to Japan. Third section suggests an action plan or strategy for increasing exports to Japanese market.
Oral Care and Prevention of Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients With Psychiatric Disorders in Japan
Authors: Hamuro Atsushi , Kawaguchi Hideki , Yamazoe Kazuaki , Honda Minoru , Tanaka Ryuichi 
Published: July 2017

Purpose: Oral care in hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders is important. However, some patients with psychiatric disorders cannot undergo oral care because of psychiatric symptoms and cognitive decline. The effect of a standardized oral hygiene intervention on the prevention of pneumonia in hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders was investigated. Method: Patients were divided into 2 groups: control group (N = 259), patients without standardized intervention who were enrolled on April 2014 as the time point of baseline, and intervention group (N = 263), patients with standardized intervention who were enrolled on April 2015 as the time point of baseline. Two end points were evaluated: (1) pneumonia onset within 1 year after the enrollment and (2) no pneumonia for 1 year after the enrollment. The following parameters were compared between the groups: sex, age, psychiatric disorders, past history of diseases of the respiratory system, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart impairment, and pneumonia. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups in the distributions of characteristics except pneumonia by univariate analysis. The presence of pneumonia was significantly associated with age and the absence of the standardized oral hygiene intervention by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: The standardized oral hygiene intervention appears to be effective for preventing pneumonia in patients with psychiatric disorders.
Acute management of early post-traumatic epilepsy in patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury
Authors: Arai Takao , Ohta Shoichi , Tsurukiri Junya , Oomura Taishi , Tanaka Yousuke , Sunaga Shigeki , Jimbo Hiroyuki , Ikeda Yukio , Yukioka Tetsuo 
Published: July 2017

Background Continuous electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring for up to 24 h has been suggested to detect non-convulsive epileptic seizures during the acute phase of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, simpler management systems are needed for patients with mild to moderate TBI. Methods This retrospective single-institution study examined 105 patients admitted for treatment of mild to moderate TBI between 1 June 2012 and 31 March 2016. The study period was 14 consecutive days immediately after TBI. During the acute phase, patients received antiepileptic drug therapy based on physical examination and EEG findings and were subsequently monitored for recurrent or new-onset seizures. Results In all 105 patients, prophylactic administration of an antiepileptic drug was instituted on hospital admission. Based on physical examination and EEG data obtained during the first 72 h after admission, the patients were divided into three groups: those with (1) epileptiform spikes/waves ( n = 23), (2) no epileptiform spikes/waves ( n = 18), and (3) no EEG measurement ( n = 64). Prophylactic administration of the antiepileptic drug was (1) combined with an adjuvant antiepileptic drug, (2) continued, or (3) discontinued. None of the patients had recurrent or new-onset post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) or EEG findings indicative of PTE after the combined pharmaceutical intervention during the study period. Conclusion Our acute management system involving repeated short-duration EEG monitoring allowed for favorable treatment outcomes as no patients developed recurrent or new-onset PTE. This is theoretical grounds for a prospective study of this method to establish a more comprehensive management system with reduced physical and economic burdens on patients.
Does Having a Relative in Dialysis Therapy Affect Attitudes Toward Kidney Donating?
Authors: Topbaş Eylem , Taştan Çağla 
Published: July 2017

Context: The majority of kidney transplants in Turkey are performed from live donors and from those among first-degree relatives. Objective: To compare the view points and the attitudes of individuals who have relatives undergoing dialysis toward kidney donation treatment with those who do not. Design: The study was designed as a descriptive study, which used simple random sampling. Setting: The sample consisted of 204 individuals, divided into 2 groups: those whose relatives underwent dialysis treatment (group A, n = 106) and those whose relatives did not (group B, n = 98). Results: The means of the total points obtained in “Kidney Donation Attitude Inventory” (KDAI) by individuals in group A were statistically significantly higher than those obtained by individuals in group B ( P = .001). Although there was a statistically significant difference in the educational status, status of willing to donate their kidneys and being a relative of an individual awaiting a kidney transplant, and the mean total points obtained from the KDAI between the groups ( P < .05), no statistically significant difference was determined between the means of the obtained total points and the gender and the duration of dialysis treatment ( P > .05). Conclusion: The attitudes of the relatives of individuals undergoing dialysis treatment toward kidney donation were determined to be more positive.
Survey of Living Organ Donors’ Experience and Directions for Process Improvement
Authors: Li Timmy , Dokus M. Katherine , Kelly Kristin N. , Ugoeke Nene , Rogers James R. , Asham George , Sharma Venkatesh Abhishek , Cirillo Dominic J. , Robinson Mary K. , Venniro Erika K. , Taylor Jeremy G. , Orloff Mark S. , McIntosh Scott , Kashyap Randeep 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Understanding living organ donors’ experience with donation and challenges faced during the process is necessary to guide the development of effective strategies to maximize donor benefit and increase the number of living donors. Methods: An anonymous self-administered survey, specifically designed for this population based on key informant interviews, was mailed to 426 individuals who donated a kidney or liver at our institution. Quantitative and qualitative methods including open and axial coding were used to analyze donor responses. Findings: Of the 141 survey respondents, 94% would encourage others to become donors; however, nearly half (44%) thought the donation process could be improved and offered numerous suggestions. Five major themes arose: (1) desire for greater convenience in testing and scheduling; (2) involvement of previous donors throughout the process; (3) education and promotion of donation through social media; (4) unanticipated difficulties, specifically pain; and (5) financial concerns. Discussion: Donor feedback has been translated into performance improvements at our hospital, many of which are applicable to other institutions. Population-specific survey development helps to identify vital patient concerns and provides valuable feedback to enhance the delivery of care.
Evaluation of a Hockey Deceased Organ Donation Awareness Campaign: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Naylor Kyla L. , McKenzie Susan , Cherry Cindy , McArthur Eric , Li Alvin H. , McCallum Megan K. , Kim S. Joseph , Prakash Versha , Knoll Gregory A. , Garg Amit X. 
Published: July 2017

Background: The Kidney Foundation of Canada developed a pilot campaign to educate persons attending junior hockey league games in London, Ontario, Canada, on deceased organ donation. Objective: To evaluate the impact of a hockey campaign on the number of new organ and tissue donor registrants. Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study. Setting: Residents of London, Ontario. Patients: We included 255 476 individuals eligible to register for organ donation with a London, Ontario postal code. Measurements: We compared the number of new deceased organ donor registrants in London, Ontario, during the campaign period (March 12 to April 16, 2015) with 3 different time periods (December 30, 2014 to February 3, 2015; February 4 to March 11, 2015; April 17 to May 22, 2015). We also compared registration rates in London with 2 Ontario cities (Kitchener-Waterloo and Hamilton) matching in a 1:1 ratio on age, sex, and income quintile. Methods: To compare registrations across time periods, we used binomial regression with an identity link function and generalized estimating equations with an independence correlation structure. We used modified Poisson regression to compare registration rates between cities. Results: During the campaign period, there were slightly more registrations (1218 registered of 252 832 unregistered individuals [0.48%]) compared with an earlier time period (risk difference: 0.09%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05%-0.12%). However, there was no significant difference compared with 2 time periods immediately before and after the campaign. London had slightly more registrations during the campaign period compared with the matched city of Hamilton (1180 registered of 236 582 unregistered individuals [0.50%] vs 490 registered of 236 582 unregistered individuals [0.21%]; risk ratio: 2.41; 95% CI: 2.17-2.68). The registration rate in London did not significantly differ from Kitchener-Waterloo. Limitations: Unable to conclude whether the minor increase in deceased organ donor registration was the result of the campaign or other factors (e.g., simultaneous organ registration events, seasonality). Conclusions: Overall, a minor increase in deceased organ donor registration was observed during the hockey organ donation awareness campaign; however, the specific impact of the campaign on organ donor registration could not be determined.
Operative methods for delayed paralysis after osteoporotic vertebral fracture
Authors: Kanchiku Tsukasa , Imajo Yasuaki , Suzuki Hidenori , Yoshida Yuichiro , Nishida Norihiro , Funaba Masahiro , Taguchi Toshihiko 
Published: July 2017

Purpose: How to select operative methods for delayed paralysis after osteoporotic vertebral fracture remains a matter of debate. It is unclear which procedure provides better neurological and functional recovery. This study aimed to compare the various operative methods and investigate postoperative outcomes. Methods: The study included 42 delayed paralysis patients (mean age 73.7 years). The operative methods were posterior spinal shortening osteotomy with direct decompression and short or long fusion and posterior laminectomy and short fusion with vertebroplasty. All patients in the vertebroplasty group were fitted with hooks to prevent correction loss. We investigated postoperative complications, surgery time, intraoperative blood loss, and changes in walking ability and local kyphotic angle (LKA). Patients were divided into three groups: shortening with a peripheral fusion range of one intervertebral level (the SS group, n = 18), the same procedure with a peripheral fusion range of ≥2 intervertebral levels (the SL group, n = 12), and posterior laminectomy and short fusion with vertebroplasty (the VP group, n = 12). Results: Postoperative complications were observed in five patients, all of whom were in the SS and SL group. There were no significant differences between the SS and SL groups. The VP group experienced significantly shorter mean surgery times, significantly lower mean intraoperative blood loss, and an improvement in paralysis, walking ability, LKA, and correction loss. Overall, the VP group had significantly better outcomes. Conclusion: Posterior laminectomy and short fusion with vertebroplasty with the addition of hooks is useful in cases of delayed paralysis in elderly patients.