bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the association between malnutrition, early childhood caries and caries activity among children aged 3–5 years
Authors: Wang Duorui , Wang Xinfeng , Zhao Caiyun , Ma Siting , Zhang Yanning , Shi Hong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aims to investigate the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) and caries activity among children aged 3–5 years, in order to provide a theoretical basis for preventing and blocking ECC and improving malnutrition.

Methods
Children aged 3–5 years from six kindergartens in Zhao Xian, China were enrolled in this study. The decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft) of all children were examined and recorded. The Cariostat method was used to detect dental caries activity, collect anthropometric data and measure haemoglobin concentration. Parents were asked to complete a questionnaire on the general characteristics and oral health behaviour of the participants. The “Growth Standards for Chinese Children Under 7 Years Old” was used to assess the nutritional status of all participating children. Wilcoxon rank sum test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyse and evaluate the relationship between ECC, caries activity and malnutrition.

Results
A total of 635 children who met the criteria were included in this study. After adjusting for confounding factors, logistic regression showed that the risk of ECC was significantly increased in underweight children compared with normal children (OR = 5.43, P < 0. 05); compared with normal children, the risk of ECC decreased in overweight and obese children (OR = 0.31, P < 0.001); underweight children had higher caries severity than normal weight children, and the difference was statistically significant (OR = 2.69, P < 0. 05); stunted children had higher caries severity than normal weight children and the difference was statistically significant (OR = 2.28, P < 0.05); underweight was positively associated with caries activity and the association was statistically significant (OR = 2.33, P < 0. 05); stunting was positively associated with caries activity and the association was statistically significant (OR = 2.1, P < 0.05); overweight and obesity were negatively associated with caries activity and the association was statistically significant (OR = 0.61, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The risk of ECC among children aged 3–5 years was positively associated with undernutrition and negatively associated with overnutrition. The severity of ECC among children aged 3–5 years was positively associated with undernutrition. The caries activity among children aged 3–5 years was positively associated with undernutrition and negatively associated with overnutrition.
Exploring the mortality and cardiovascular outcomes with SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM at dialysis commencement: a health global federated network analysis
Authors: Wang Chung-An , Lin Li-Chun , Chen Jui-Yi , Wang Wei-Jie , Wu Vin-Cent 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) have demonstrated associations with lowering cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the impact of SGLT-2is on individuals at dialysis commencement remains unclear. The aim of this real-world study is to study the association between SGLT-2is and outcomes in patients with T2DM at dialysis commencement.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of electronic health records (EHRs) of patients with T2DM from TriNetX Research Network database between January 1, 2012, and January 1, 2024. New-users using intention to treatment design was employed and propensity score matching was utilized to select the cohort. Clinical outcomes included major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and all-cause mortality. Safety outcomes using ICD-10 codes, ketoacidosis, urinary tract infection (UTI) or genital infection, dehydration, bone fracture, below-knee amputation, hypoglycemia, and achieving dialysis-free status at 90 days and 90-day readmission.

Results
Of 49,762 patients with T2DM who initiated dialysis for evaluation, a mere 1.57% of patients utilized SGLT-2is within 3 months after dialysis. 771 SGLT-2i users (age 63.3 ± 12.3 years, male 65.1%) were matched with 771 non-users (age 63.1 ± 12.9 years, male 65.8%). After a median follow-up of 2.0 (IQR 0.3–3.9) years, SGLT-2i users were associated with a lower risk of MACE (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] = 0.52, p value < 0.001), all-cause mortality (aHR = 0.49, p < 0.001). SGLT-2i users were more likely to become dialysis-free 90 days after the index date (aHR = 0.49, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of ketoacidosis, UTI or genital infection, hypoglycemia, dehydration, bone fractures, below-knee amputations, or 90-day readmissions.

Conclusions
Our findings indicated a lower incidence of all-cause mortality and MACE after long-term follow-up, along with a higher likelihood of achieving dialysis-free status at 90 days in SGLT-2i users. Importantly, they underscored the potential cardiovascular protection and safety of SGLT-2is use in T2DM patients at the onset of dialysis.
Sonic Hedgehog reduces inflammatory response, decreases blood-spinal cord barrier permeability, and improves locomotor function recovery in an acute spinal cord injury rat model
Authors: Tail Mohamed , Zhang Hao , Zheng Guoli , Harms Anna-Kathrin , Hatami Maryam , Skutella Thomas , Kiening Karl , Unterberg Andreas , Zweckberger Klaus , Younsi Alexander 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), extensively researched for its role in early neurogenesis and brain development, has recently been recognized for its neuroprotective potential following neuronal injuries. This study examines the immediate impact of early administered Shh on the local inflammatory response post-acute spinal cord injury in rats.

Methods
Thirty-four female Wistar rats underwent either sham surgery (laminectomy; n = 10) or clip compression/contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) at the T9 level. This was followed by implantation of an osmotic pump and a subdural catheter for continuous intrathecal delivery of Shh (n = 12) or placebo (NaCl; n = 12). Locomotor function was assessed at 3- and 7-days post-injury (dpi) using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score and the Gridwalk test. Animals were euthanized after 3 or 7 days for immunohistochemical analysis of the local inflammatory reaction and immune cell migration.

Results
Shh-treated rats demonstrated significant hindlimb movement and coordination improvements at 7 days post-injury, compared to controls. This enhancement was accompanied by a significant reduction in both immune cell presence and blood plasma products within spinal cord lesions, suggesting Shh’s dual role in modulating immune cell migration and maintaining the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier. Separately, these Shh-treated rats also showed an increase in M(IL-4) polarization of macrophages, further underlining the potential therapeutic impact of Shh in post-injury recovery. Notably, these effects were not evident at three days post-injury.

Conclusion
Shh application at 7 days post-injury showed immunomodulatory effects, possibly via enhanced blood-spinal cord barrier integrity, reduced immune cell migration, and increased anti-inflammatory immune cell differentiation. These mechanisms collectively contribute to enhanced locomotor recovery.
Reflective functioning and emotion regulation in adolescents with a history of sexual offending: a comparative study with a non-offending control group
Authors: Pazhooyan Mahdieh , Fathali Lavasani Fahimeh , Edalati Shateri Zohreh , Zahedi Tajrishi Komeil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSexual offenses encompass a diverse array of behaviors across various contexts, affecting numerous individuals. Despite the prevalence of sexual offending among adolescents, there is still a limited understanding of this population. To contribute further to the literature in this field, the present study was conducted to compare a group of male adolescents convicted of sexual offenses with a control group in terms of reflective functioning (RF), emotion regulation (ER) strategies, and emotion dysregulation (ED).Methods60 male adolescents aged 12 to 18 years (M = 16.90;SD = 0.97) who had been convicted of at least one serious sexual offense were recruited from male adolescents referred by juvenile courts to the Legal Medicine Organization in Mashhad, Iran, and compared with a control group of non-offending adolescents consisting of 60 male adolescents aged 12 to 18 years (M = 16.97;SD = 0.82) who were attending school. The groups were matched on age and education level.ResultsA comparison between these two groups revealed that adolescents with a history of sexual offending exhibited poorer RF capacity, greater use of suppression as an ER strategy, and higher scores in all ED domains (p’s < 0.001) except non-acceptance of emotional responses compared with the control group.ConclusionsResults suggest that RF, ER strategies, and ED need to be considered as important psychological factors in understanding and treating adolescents with a history of sexual offending.
RNAseqCovarImpute: a multiple imputation procedure that outperforms complete case and single imputation differential expression analysis
Authors: Baker Brennan H. , Sathyanarayana Sheela , Szpiro Adam A. , MacDonald James W. , Paquette Alison G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Missing covariate data is a common problem that has not been addressed in observational studies of gene expression. Here, we present a multiple imputation method that accommodates high dimensional gene expression data by incorporating principal component analysis of the transcriptome into the multiple imputation prediction models to avoid bias. Simulation studies using three datasets show that this method outperforms complete case and single imputation analyses at uncovering true positive differentially expressed genes, limiting false discovery rates, and minimizing bias. This method is easily implemented via an R Bioconductor package, RNAseqCovarImpute that integrates with the limma-voom pipeline for differential expression analysis.
Daily Bi-directional effects of women’s social media-based appearance comparisons, body satisfaction, and disordered eating urges
Authors: Portingale Jade , Girardin Simone , Liu Shanshan , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Krug Isabel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe assessed the bi-directional relationships between upward appearance comparisons on social media with body dissatisfaction (BD) and disordered eating (DE) in women’s daily lives and the potential moderating effect of trait self-objectification on these relationships. Women (N = 315) completed a baseline measure of trait self-objectification, then reported momentary experiences of social media-based appearance comparisons (upward, lateral, downward), body satisfaction, and DE urges (restrict food intake, exercise, overeat) for seven days. We hypothesized that upward (relative to no) comparisons would predict lower body satisfaction and higher DE urges, while lateral and downward (relative to no) comparisons would predict higher body satisfaction and lower DE urges. We expected these relationships to be bi-directional and moderated by trait self-objectification. Multilevel modelling results revealed complex bi-directional relationships. Upward comparisons predicted lower body satisfaction and increased urges to restrict food intake, which in turn predicted increased upward comparisons. Unexpectedly, urges to restrict food intake predicted all comparison types. We observed somewhat unanticipated bi-directional relationships between lateral comparisons and exercise urges, and between downward comparisons and body satisfaction. Uni-directional relationships emerged between upward comparisons and the urge to overeat. Trait self-objectification moderated very few of these relationships. These findings support the non-uniform impact of appearance comparisons on body image and eating concerns and highlight the complexity of daily social media-body image dynamics. Future research using refined measures over extended periods is needed to elucidate these relationships further and inform targeted interventions.
Concurrent ependymal and ganglionic differentiation in a subset of supratentorial neuroepithelial tumors with EWSR1-PLAGL1 rearrangement
Authors: Lee Julieann C. , Koo Selene C. , Furtado Larissa V. , Breuer Alex , Eldomery Mohammad K. , Bag Asim K. , Stow Pat , Rose Gary , Larkin Trisha , Sances Rick , Kleinschmidt-DeMasters Bette K. , Bodmer Jenna L. , Willard Nicholas , Gokden Murat , Dahiya Sonika , Roberts Kaleigh , Bertrand Kelsey C. , Moreira Daniel C. , Robinson Giles W. , Mo Jun Qin , Ellison David W. , Orr Brent A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNeuroepithelial tumors with fusion of PLAGL1 or amplification of PLAGL1/PLAGL2 have recently been described often with ependymoma-like or embryonal histology respectively. To further evaluate emerging entities with PLAG-family genetic alterations, the histologic, molecular, clinical, and imaging features are described for 8 clinical cases encountered at St. Jude (EWSR1-PLAGL1 fusion n = 6; PLAGL1 amplification n = 1; PLAGL2 amplification n = 1). A histologic feature observed on initial resection in a subset (4/6) of supratentorial neuroepithelial tumors with EWSR1-PLAGL1 rearrangement was the presence of concurrent ependymal and ganglionic differentiation. This ranged from prominent clusters of ganglion cells within ependymoma/subependymoma-like areas, to interspersed ganglion cells of low to moderate frequency among otherwise ependymal-like histology, or focal areas with a ganglion cell component. When present, the combination of ependymal-like and ganglionic features within a supratentorial neuroepithelial tumor may raise consideration for an EWSR1-PLAGL1 fusion, and prompt initiation of appropriate molecular testing such as RNA sequencing and methylation profiling. One of the EWSR1-PLAGL1 fusion cases showed subclonal INI1 loss in a region containing small clusters of rhabdoid/embryonal cells, and developed a prominent ganglion cell component on recurrence. As such, EWSR1-PLAGL1 neuroepithelial tumors are a tumor type in which acquired inactivation of SMARCB1 and development of AT/RT features may occur and lead to clinical progression. In contrast, the PLAGL2 and PLAGL1 amplified cases showed either embryonal histology or contained an embryonal component with a significant degree of desmin staining, which could also serve to raise consideration for a PLAG entity when present. Continued compilation of associated clinical data and histopathologic findings will be critical for understanding emerging entities with PLAG-family genetic alterations.
Repatriation via Saigon
Authors: Ryan Thomas M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The South Korean Vietnam War deployment (1965–73), typically understood as a mercenary expedition, was also an exercise in the management of refugees and other displaced populations. While the South Korean Army managed its own refugee villages in South Vietnam, the overseas dispatch of military labor also promised to ameliorate the problem of mass displacement at home, an ongoing legacy of the Korean War (1950–53). The northern exile writer Sŏnu Hwi (1922–86) was a notable proponent of this vision of the war as a frontier, framing Vietnam as a surrogate for an inaccessible North Korea and an outlet for the social contradictions of Cold War developmentalism in South Korea. Focusing on the embedded novel Wave to the Mekong River (1966–67), this article argues that Sŏnu's expansionist fantasy deviated from official justifications of Vietnam as a war for development. At the same time, it suggests, Sŏnu's ideological equalization of exile and displacement also informed an emergent antiwar literature showing that the deployment aggravated, rather than resolved, the marginalization of mobilized youth.
FILMES DE ANIMAÇÃO PRODUZIDOS COM CRIANÇAS:
Authors: Xavier Filha Constantina 
Published: September 2024

O cinema é um dispositivo poderoso e capaz de possibilitar a descoberta e o conhecimento de si, das outras pessoas e de inventar outros mundos, de nos ver de diferentes pontos de vistas e, sobretudo, de nos fazer pensar o que somos, o que fizeram de nós e o que queremos/podemos ser. O presente texto tem por objetivo pensar sobre a potencialidade do cinema a partir de produções coletivas realizadas com crianças em projetos realizados no Brasil e em Portugal. Trata-se de pesquisa em andamento, para a qual se entrevistaram professoras/es-cineastas dos dois países, buscando coletar, discutir e problematizar suas narrativas sobre encontros com o cinema na produção de filmes de animação com crianças. Neste texto, tem-se buscado, mais especificamente, selecionar e analisar dois filmes de animação produzidos com as crianças nas experiências de projetos, um deles realizado por um cineasta-professor português, e outro, de minha experiência de produção com as crianças. O artigo se propõe algumas problematizações em torno das semelhanças e diferenças que se podem observar nas produções de um e outro país. Na análise dos filmes, atentou-se para a riqueza de argumentos das crianças, para a eficiência do pensamento gerado nas produções audiovisuais e para a repercussão do tema seja junto ao grupo, como coletividade, seja sobre cada um, como individualidade.
Functional investigation and two-sample Mendelian randomization study of primary biliary cholangitis hub genes
Authors: Yang Yun-Chuan , Ma Xiang , Zhou Chi , Xu Nan , Ding Ding , Ma Zhong-Zheng , Zhou Lei , Cui Pei-Yuan 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
The identification of specific gene expression patterns is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and finding relevant biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation.
AIM
To determine PBC-associated hub genes and assess their clinical utility for disease prediction.
METHODS
PBC expression data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Overlapping genes from differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were identified as key genes for PBC. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses were performed to explore the potential roles of key genes. Hub genes were identified in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using the Degree algorithm in Cytoscape software. The relationship between hub genes and immune cells was investigated. Finally, a Mendelian randomization study was conducted to determine the causal effects of hub genes on PBC.
RESULTS
We identified 71 overlapping key genes using differential expression analysis and WGCNA. These genes were primarily enriched in pathways related to cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell differentiation. We utilized Cytoscape software and identified five hub genes (CD247 , IL10 , CCL5 , CCL3 , and STAT3 ) in PPI networks. These hub genes showed a strong correlation with immune cell infiltration in PBC. However, inverse variance weighting analysis did not indicate the causal effects of hub genes on PBC risk.
CONCLUSION
Hub genes can potentially serve as valuable biomarkers for PBC prediction and treatment, thereby offering significant clinical utility.
Sonodynamic effect based on vancomycin-loaded microbubbles or meropenem-loaded microbubbles enhances elimination of different biofilms and bactericidal efficacy
Authors: Yao Liqin , Chu Chenghan , Li Yicheng , Cao Li , Yang Jianhua , Mu Wenbo 
Published: September 2024

AimsThis study investigated vancomycin-microbubbles (Vm-MBs) and meropenem (Mp)-MBs with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) to disrupt biofilms and improve bactericidal efficiency, providing a new and promising strategy for the treatment of device-related infections (DRIs).MethodsA film hydration method was used to prepare Vm-MBs and Mp-MBs and examine their characterization. Biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli were treated with different groups. Biofilm biomass differences were determined by staining. Thickness and bacterial viability were observed with confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Colony counts were determined by plate-counting. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observed bacterial morphology.ResultsThe Vm-MBs and Mp-MBs met the experimental requirements. The biofilm biomass in the Vm, Vm-MBs, UTMD, and Vm-MBs + UTMD groups was significantly lower than in the control group. MRSA and E. coli biofilms were most notably damaged in the Vm-MBs + UTMD group and Mp-MBs + UTMD group, respectively, with mean 21.55% (SD 0.08) and 19.73% (SD 1.25) remaining in the biofilm biomass. Vm-MBs + UTMD significantly reduced biofilm thickness and bacterial viability (p = 0.005 and p < 0.0001, respectively).Mp-MBs + UTMD could significantly decrease biofilm thickness and bacterial viability (allp < 0.001). Plate-counting method showed that the numbers of MRSA and E. coli bacterial colonies were significantly lower in the Vm-MBs + UTMD group and the Mp, Mp-MBs, UTMD, Mp-MBs + UTMD groups compared to the control group (p = 0.031). SEM showed that the morphology and structure of MRSA and E. coli were significantly damaged in the Vm-MBs + UTMD and Mp-MBs + UTMD groups.ConclusionVm-MBs or Mp-MBs combined with UTMD can effectively disrupt biofilms and protectively release antibiotics under ultrasound mediation, significantly reducing bacterial viability and improving the bactericidal effect of antibiotics.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(9):441–451.
Patient-reported outcomes following surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis performed in adolescence versus adulthood
Authors: Lloyd A , Harding I , Cole A , Gardner A 
Published: September 2024

Introduction The Scoliosis Research Society 22r (SRS-22r) questionnaire is a proven tool in assessing healthcare-related quality of life (HRQoL) in idiopathic scoliosis and is the adopted patient-reported outcome measure for the deformity pathway recorded into the British Spinal Registry (BSR). Surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is performed frequently in teenagers; however, patients also present with curves in the surgical range into adulthood. This work aimed to assess HRQoL differences between patients following surgery for AIS performed in adolescence and adulthood using SRS-22r data collected from the BSR. Methods An anonymised BSR search of pre- and postoperative SRS-22r scores for patients with diagnoses of AIS and adult idiopathic scoliosis was conducted. Data from all subdomains were compared preoperatively and at the two-year postoperative timepoint. Results Preoperative SRS-22r scores were analysed for 1,912 patients with AIS and 65 with adult idiopathic scoliosis. Patients with adult idiopathic scoliosis had significantly lower preoperative SRS-22r scores in all subdomains (p<0.05). By two years postoperatively, both groups of patients had improved SRS-22r scores significantly compared with baseline in all subdomains (p<0.001). A cross-group analysis revealed patients with AIS had significantly better function scores years postoperatively than their adult counterparts (p=0.005). Conclusions This work confirms there are benefits following surgery for AIS in improving HRQoL, but has also provided HRQoL data in adult patients, who again show similar improvements following surgery from baseline. This is of value when counselling patients regarding anticipated benefits of surgery performed in childhood and adulthood.