bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of Statstrip® Lactate for use in fetal scalp blood sampling
Authors: Heinis Ayesha , van Dillen Jeroen , Oosting Janine , Rhöse Sarah , Vandenbussche Frank , Van Drongelen Joris 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionPoint‐of‐care testing of fetal scalp blood lactate is used as an alternative to pH analysis in fetal scalp blood sampling (FBS) during labor. Lactate measurements are not standardized and values vary with each device used. The aim of this study was to evaluate StatStrip® Lactate (SSL) in the clinical setting in comparison with lactate (RLL) and pH (RLpH) using RapidLab®.Material and methodsWe obtained 323 FBS samples from 139 women. Parallel sampling of SSL and RLL/RLpH was performed in 247 samples. Outcome measures were the agreement and discrepancy rates between SSL, RLL and RLpH and the failure rate of all three methods. We constructed a Bland–Altman graph to assess the variability between the measurements across the range of values. The discrepancy rates between methods were compared using previously established cut‐off values for SSL indicating reassurance (<5.7 mmol/L) and immediate delivery (>7.0 mmol/L) with those for RLpH (<7.20 and >7.25).ResultsSSL showed excellent agreement with RLL (R2 = 0.742) and poor agreement with RLpH (R2 = 0.204). Failure rates for SSL, RLL and RLpH were 7, 43 and 23%, respectively. Using the cut‐off values for reassurance and immediate delivery, the discrepancy rates between SSL and RLpH were 14 and 5%, respectively.ConclusionsSSL is a reliable test to measure lactate in FBS with a low failure rate. As there are discrepancies between SSL and RLpH, and the cut‐off values have not yet been evaluated prospectively regarding intervention rates and neonatal outcome, we recommend using SSL in addition to pH in FBS.
Analysis of antioxidative factors related to AMD risk development in the polish patients
Authors: Mrowicka Malgorzata , Mrowicki Jerzy , Szaflik Jacek Pawel , Szaflik Marta , Ulinska Magdalena , Szaflik Jerzy , Majsterek Ireneusz 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPurposeAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in developed countries. Oxidative mechanisms may play a key role in the aetiology of AMD. The main aim of this study was to investigate antioxidative markers in the pathogenesis of AMD.MethodsA total of 510 subjects including 240 patients with AMD (mean age 77.9 ± 8.5 year) and 270 controls (mean age 74.0 ± 10.4 year) were allowed in this study. We measured activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and examined their association with the SNPs of respective genes (SOD1 + 35A/C, CAT C‐262T and GPx Pro197Leu). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique was used to determine the selected gene polymorphisms. Sixty subjects including 30 patients with AMD (mean age 69.4 ± 9.3) and 30 controls (mean age 64.6 ± 8.2) were enrolled to determine the activity of antioxidant enzymes by spectrometry method.ResultsA significant decrease in enzymes, SOD (p = 0.011), CAT (p = 0.002) and GPx (p ≤ 0.001) in AMD patients compared to controls, was indicated. The risk of susceptibility to AMD was significantly higher in patients with AMD who had Pro197Leu C/T genotype of GPx (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.78–4.35). The A/C genotype and the C allele frequencies of A/C polymorphism of SOD1 gene significantly reduce the risk of AMD (OR=0.48; 95% CI 0.27; 0.85).ConclusionIn conclusion, our data showed that insufficient antioxidant capacity may have an important role in age‐related macular degeneration. The polymorphism of GPx Pro197Leu may reduce the ability to scavenge free radicals in retina and contribute to the development of AMD.
Ocular traumas in working age adults in Finland – Helsinki Ocular Trauma Study
Authors: Sahraravand Ahmad , Haavisto Anna‐Kaisa , Holopainen Juha M. , Leivo Tiina 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPurposeTo describe epidemiology, causes, treatments and outcomes of ocular injuries in adults aged 17 to 60 in southern Finland.MethodsAll new ocular trauma patients admitted to the Helsinki University Eye Hospital (HUEH), during 1 year in 2011–2012. The data were from hospital records and prospectively from patient questionnaires. The follow‐up time was 3 months.ResultsThe incidence for ocular injury was 88/100 000/year. From 831 trauma patients, 80% were men, 34% were work‐related injuries, and 11% were assaults. Most of the injuries were minor traumas (54%). Contusions (22.5%) and chemical injuries and burns (13%) were common. Fractures (5%), lid wounds (3%), open globe injuries (OGI, 2%) and optic nerve injuries (0.5%) were rare. The main causes of ocular injury were superficial foreign bodies (33%), chemicals (13%), body parts (13%) and sports equipment (10%). The most dangerous objects were needles, stones, pellet guns, tools and guns. No patient with OGI used protective eyewear. All OGI and most of contusions needed a lifelong follow‐up. Permanent impairment (73 patients, 9%) was caused most often by body parts, sports equipment and work tools.ConclusionA typical ocular trauma patient was a man aged 31–45 with a minor trauma caused by a foreign body at work and a final visual acuity of 20/20. Most common serious injuries were contusion, OGI or fracture at home or at work and were caused by a body part, sport equipment or work tool. Factors causing common and serious eye injuries provide the targets for protective measures.
Parents reported higher satisfaction rates when children recognised hospital staff from photographs placed in prominent locations
Authors: Bretler Shlomi , Mizrachi Itai , Luder Anthony , Avraham Yaniv , Sharabi‐Nov Adi , Gilbey Peter 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimImproved communication with staff during a child's hospitalisation is an important determinant of family satisfaction. We examined whether displaying staff photographs in prominent locations would help children and their parents or guardians to recognise staff and whether this enhanced identification would improve parental satisfaction with their child's hospitalisation.MethodsNo photographs were displayed during the first part of the study. During the second part of the study, staff photographs were placed in prominent locations throughout the paediatric ward. Parents filled in a satisfaction questionnaire on discharge, and the children and their parents were asked how many staff members they could name.ResultsThe children named a significantly larger number of staff members in phase two than phase one, while the parents' score was unchanged. Overall parental satisfaction was significantly higher in phase two. The parent's age, the duration of the child's hospitalisation and taking part in phase two of the study were significant predictors of parental satisfaction.ConclusionWhen children were more able to recognise and name hospital staff, this indirectly improved parental satisfaction, even if the number that parents could identify remained unchanged. Displaying staff photographs is a simple way of increasing parental satisfaction during a child's hospitalisation.
Surgical findings during exploratory laparotomy are closely related to mortality in premature infants with necrotising enterocolitis
Authors: Hansen ML , Juhl SM , Fonnest G , Greisen G 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThis study investigated whether a correlation existed between surgical findings during the first laparotomy for necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and death and, or, disease progression.MethodsWe included infants admitted within one day of birth to our tertiary neonatal department at Rigshospitalet, Denmark, from 2006 to 2015, who underwent a laparotomy for acute NEC. They were classified according to the locality and extent of intestinal necrosis by a paediatric surgeon, based on the surgical findings. We correlated the surgical findings with postoperative outcomes, namely death and, or, progression of NEC.ResultsThe first laparotomy showed that 48 infants had NEC, including 21 who demonstrated postoperative progression. Of these, six died before undergoing another laparotomy and 14 of the 15 infants who underwent relaparotomy also died. There was a significant association between surgical findings and NEC‐related mortality (p = 0.03). The association between surgical findings and the progression of NEC was also significant (p < 0.0001).ConclusionSurgical findings during laparotomy for NEC were strongly correlated with mortality, which was close to 100% after relaparotomy. Considering the discouraging outcome, further studies should focus on alternative surgical approaches, such as proximal diverting jejunostomy and the clip and drop technique for the treatment of severe NEC.
Coeliac patients detected during type 1 diabetes surveillance had similar issues to those diagnosed on a clinical basis
Authors: Laitinen Anna U. , Agardh Daniel , Kivelä Laura , Huhtala Heini , Lähdeaho Marja‐Leena , Kaukinen Katri , Kurppa Kalle 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimScreening children with type 1 diabetes for coeliac disease is controversial, because they often appear asymptomatic. Our aim was to establish whether active screening should be recommended.MethodsThis study focused on 22 children whose coeliac disease was detected by serological screening during diabetes surveillance and 498 children diagnosed because of a clinical suspicion. We compared the clinical and histological data at diagnosis and the children's adherence and responses to a gluten‐free diet.ResultsThe serological screening group suffered less from decreased growth (p = 0.016) and clinical symptoms (p < 0.001) at diagnosis than the clinical group. The groups did not differ in terms of age at diagnosis (p = 0.903), gender (p = 0.353), anaemia (p = 0.886), endomysial antibody titres (p = 0.789) and the severity of small‐bowel mucosal atrophy (p = 0.104). They also showed equal adherence (p = 0.086) and clinical responses (p = 0.542) to a gluten‐free diet after a median follow‐up of 13 months.ConclusionCoeliac patients detected during diabetes surveillance had signs of malabsorption and advanced mucosal damage that was similar to those diagnosed on a clinical basis. They often suffered from unrecognised gluten‐dependent symptoms and showed excellent adherence and responses to a gluten‐free diet. Our findings support active screening for coeliac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Cross‐sectional, school‐based study of 14–19 year olds showed that raised blood pressure was associated with obesity and abdominal obesity
Authors: Nascimento‐Ferreira Marcus Vinícius , De Moraes Augusto César Ferreira , Rendo‐Urteaga Tara , de Oliveira Forkert Elsie Costa , Collese Tatiana Sadalla , Cucato Gabriel Grizzo , Reis Victor M. M. , Torres‐Leal Francisco Leonardo , Moreno Luis A. , Carvalho Heráclito Barbosa 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimGaining weight has been directly associated with an increased probability of developing high blood pressure (HBP) and metabolic abnormalities. We examined the independent and combined effects of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity on blood pressure in adolescents.MethodsThis cross‐sectional school‐based study evaluated 869 adolescents (53.4% girls) from 14 to 19 years of age, and the data were collected in 2013 in the city of Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil. The outcome was HBP. The independent variables were overweight and obesity classified by body mass index, abdominal obesity classified by the waist‐to‐height ratio and the combination of obesity and overweight and abdominal obesity. The potential confounding variables were age, the socio‐economic status of the family, parental education, type of school and physical activity levels.ResultsThe prevalence ratios of HBP were higher when male and female adolescents were overweight (1.61–3.11), generally obese (3.20–4.70), had abdominal obesity (2.18–3.02) and were both generally obese and had abdominal obesity (3.28–5.16) compared with normal weight adolescents.ConclusionObesity or abdominal obesity increased the risk of HBP in adolescents aged 14–19. However, adolescents who were both generally obese and had abdominal obesity showed an even higher risk of having HBP.
Antipsychotic adjunctive therapy to mood stabilizers and 1‐year rehospitalization rates in bipolar disorder: A cohort study
Authors: Hochman Eldar , Krivoy Amir , Schaffer Ayal , Weizman Abraham , Valevski Avi 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesAntipsychotic adjunctive therapy to mood stabilizers (MSs) may improve relapse prevention; however, only a few naturalistic studies, reflecting more generalizable bipolar disorder (BD) samples, support this notion. We compared the 1‐year rehospitalization rates of manic patients with bipolar I disorder (BD‐I) who were discharged with MS (lithium or valproate) monotherapy or with adjunctive atypical or typical antipsychotic therapy.MethodsA total of 201 patients with BD‐I who were hospitalized with manic episodes between 2005 and 2013 were retrospectively followed for 1‐year rehospitalization rates according to treatment at discharge: MS monotherapy, MS with atypical antipsychotics, and MS with typical antipsychotics. Additionally, time to rehospitalization during the 1‐year period after discharge was compared between treatment groups. Multivariable survival analyses adjusted for covariates known to influence rehospitalization were conducted.ResultsRehospitalization rates within 1 year were significantly lower in the MS with atypical antipsychotics group (6.3%) compared to the MS monotherapy group (24.3%, P=.008) and to the MS with typical antipsychotics group (20.6%, P=.02). Time to rehospitalization was significantly longer for the MS with atypical antipsychotics group (345.5 days) compared to the MS monotherapy group (315.1 days, P=.006) and to the MS with typical antipsychotics group (334.1 days, P=.02). The MS with atypical antipsychotics group had a significantly reduced adjusted risk of rehospitalization (hazard ratio=0.17, 95% confidence interval: 0.05‐0.61, P=.007) compared to the MS monotherapy group.ConclusionsAtypical antipsychotic adjunctive therapy to MSs may be more effective than MS monotherapy in preventing rehospitalization during the 1‐year period after a BD manic episode.
Anti‐atherosclerotic effect of the angiotensin 1–7 mimetic AVE0991 is mediated by inhibition of perivascular and plaque inflammation in early atherosclerosis
Authors: Skiba D S , Nosalski R , Mikolajczyk T P , Siedlinski M , Rios F J , Montezano A C , Jawien J , Olszanecki R , Korbut R , Czesnikiewicz‐Guzik M , Touyz R M , Guzik T J 
Published: December 2016

Background and PurposeInflammation plays a key role in atherosclerosis. The protective role of angiotensin 1–7 (Ang‐(1–7)) in vascular pathologies suggested the therapeutic use of low MW, non‐peptide Ang‐(1–7) mimetics, such as AVE0991. The mechanisms underlying the vaso‐protective effects of AVE0991, a Mas receptor agonist, remain to be explored.Experimental ApproachWe investigated the effects of AVE0991 on the spontaneous atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− mice, in the context of vascular inflammation and plaque stability.Key ResultsAVE0991 has significant anti‐atherosclerotic properties in ApoE−/− mice and increases plaque stability, by reducing plaque macrophage content, without effects on collagen. Using the descending aorta of chow‐fed ApoE−/− mice, before significant atherosclerotic plaque develops, we gained insight to early events in atherosclerosis. Interestingly, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and adventitial infiltration with macrophages and T‐cells precedes atherosclerotic plaque or the impairment of endothelium‐dependent NO bioavailability (a measure of endothelial function). AVE0991 inhibited perivascular inflammation, by reducing chemokine expression in PVAT and through direct actions on monocytes/macrophages inhibiting their activation, characterized by production of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, CCL2 and CXCL10, and differentiation to M1 phenotype. Pretreatment with AVE0991 inhibited migration of THP‐1 monocytes towards supernatants of activated adipocytes (SW872). Mas receptors were expressed in PVAT and in THP‐1 cells in vitro, and the anti‐inflammatory effects of AVE0991 were partly Mas dependent.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe selective Mas receptor agonist AVE0991 exhibited anti‐atherosclerotic and anti‐inflammatory actions, affecting monocyte/macrophage differentiation and recruitment to the perivascular space during early stages of atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc
Tectonic compaction shortening in toe region of isolated listric normal fault, North Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
Authors: Morley Chris K. , Naghadeh Diako Hariri 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIndustry 2D and 3D seismic data across the North Taranaki Basin displays two listric normal faults that formed during Pliocene shelf edge clinoform progradation. The faults die out in the down‐transport direction with no evidence for contractional structures, except for two small thrust faults in one narrow zone. When active, the detachments lay at depths of about 1000 m below the seafloor. The overlying section had high initial porosities (30–60%). It is estimated that loss of about 17–20% pore volume by lateral compaction, and fluid expulsion over a distance of about 4–6 km in the transport direction occurred in place of folding and thrusting. Seismic and well evidence for abnormally highly compacted shales suggests there is about 6% less porosity than expected for in the prekinematic section, which possibly represents a residual of the porosity anomaly caused by lateral compaction. The observations indicate significant shortening (~20%) by lateral compaction and probably some layer parallel thickening are important deformation mechanisms in near‐surface deepwater sediments that needs to be incorporated into shortening estimates and ‘balanced’ cross‐sections. A key factor in listric fault initiation near the base of slope is inferred to be transient, increased pore fluid pressure due to lateral expulsion of fluids from beneath the prograding Giant Foresets Formation.
Danazol has potential to cause PKC translocation, cell cycle dysregulation, and apoptosis in breast cancer cells
Authors: Deka Suman Jyoti , Roy Ashalata , Ramakrishnan Vibin , Manna Debasis , Trivedi Vishal 
Published: December 2016

Danazol, the established clinical drug, has given promising therapeutic results in a series of clinical trials with breast cancer patients. Danazol shares structural similarities with several known PKC agonists and fits well into the C1 domain. Danazol binds to the C1b domain of PKC with Kd of 5.64 ± 1.27 μm. MD simulation studies further support that the PKC–danazol molecular model is stable and showing minimum distortion to the structure during the simulation period. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting studies indicate that MDAMB‐231 cells stimulated with danazol exhibit translocation of PKCα to the plasma membrane. Cells stimulated with danazol causes appearance of several phosphorylated proteins in lysate and plasma membrane. In addition, danazol affects carcinogenic molecule (PMA)‐induced intracellular signaling in cancer cells. It halted the cancer cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and reduced the viability of ER+ve and triple‐negative breast cancer cells with an IC50 of 31 ± 2.63 and 65 ± 4.27 μg/ml, respectively. DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry experiments revealed that the cell death follows the apoptotic pathway. It affects mitochondrial membrane potentials and releases cytochrome‐C from mitochondria to induce downstream apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Hence, the current study may help clinicians to re‐design their treatment strategy to optimize therapeutic potentials of the molecule.
The Ghost in the Touchscreen: Social Scaffolds Promote Learning by Toddlers
Authors: Zimmermann Laura , Moser Alecia , Lee Herietta , Gerhardstein Peter , Barr Rachel 
Published: December 2016

This study examined the effect of a “ghost” demonstration on toddlers’ imitation. In the ghost condition, virtual pieces moved to make a fish or boat puzzle. Fifty‐two 2.5‐ and 3‐year‐olds were tested on a touchscreen (no transfer) or with 3D pieces (transfer); children tested with 3D pieces scored above a no demonstration baseline, but children tested on the touchscreen did not. Practice on the touchscreen (n = 23) by 2.5‐ and 3‐year‐olds prior to the ghost demonstration did not improve performance. Finally, children who learned the puzzle task via a social demonstration and were tested on the touchscreen (n = 26) performed better than the ghost conditions. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that social demonstrations enhance learning from novel touchscreen tools during early childhood.
Pharmacogenomics of inhaled corticosteroids and leukotriene modifiers: a systematic review
Authors: Farzan N. , Vijverberg S. J. H. , Arets H. G. , Raaijmakers J. A. M. , Maitland‐van der Zee A. H. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryBackgroundPharmacogenetics studies of anti‐inflammatory medication of asthma have expanded rapidly in recent decades, but the clinical value of their findings remains limited.ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review of pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and leukotriene modifiers (LTMs) in patients with asthma.MethodsArticles published between 1999 and June 2015 were searched using PubMed and EMBASE. Pharmacogenomics/genetics studies of patients with asthma using ICS or LTMs were included if ≥1 of the following outcomes were studied: lung function, exacerbation rates or asthma symptoms. The studies of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that had been replicated at least once were assessed in more detail.ResultsIn total, 59 publications were included in the systematic review: 26 addressed LTMs (including two genomewide Genome‐Wide association studies [GWAS]) and 33 addressed ICS (including four GWAS). None of the GWAS reported similar results. Furthermore, none of the SNPs assessed in candidate gene studies were identified in a GWAS. No consistent reports were found for candidate gene studies of LTMs. In candidate gene studies of ICS, the most consistent results were found for rs28364072 in FCER2. This SNP was associated with all three outcomes of poor response, and the largest effect was reported with the risk of exacerbations (hazard ratio, 3.95; 95% CI, 1.64–9.51).Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceThere is a lack of replication of genetic variants associated with poor ICS or LTM response. The most consistent results were found for the FCER2 gene [encoding for a low‐affinity IgE receptor (CD23)] and poor ICS response. Larger studies with well‐phenotyped patients are needed to assess the clinical applicability of ICS and LTM pharmacogenomics/genetics.