bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal dysfunction characterizes subtypes of dominant optic atrophy
Authors: Cascavilla Maria Lucia , Parisi Vincenzo , Triolo Giacinto , Ziccardi Lucia , Borrelli Enrico , Di Renzo Antonio , Balducci Nicole , Lamperti Costanza , Bianchi Marzoli Stefania , Darvizeh Fatima , Sadun Alfredo A. , Carelli Valerio , Bandello Francesco , Barboni Piero 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeTo assess preganglionic retinal function using multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in patients affected by dominant optic atrophy (DOA) stratified by OPA1 gene mutation.MethodsMultifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) was recorded in 18 DOA patients (DOA group, 35 eyes) and 25 age‐matched healthy subjects (control group, 25 eyes). Patients were stratified in two groups based on gene mutation: missense mutation (DOA‐M group, 11 eyes) and mutation causing haploinsufficiency (DOA‐H group, 24 eyes). The mfERG N1‐P1 response amplitude density (RAD) has been evaluated in five annular retinal areas with different eccentricity from the fovea (ring 1: 0–5 degrees, R1; ring 2: 5–10 degrees, R2; ring 3: 10–15 degrees, R3; ring 4: 15–20 degrees, R4; and ring 5: 20–25 degrees, R5) and in eight sectors on the basis of the retinal topography: temporal–superior (TS), temporal–inferior (TI), nasal–superior (NS) and nasal–inferior (NI), temporal (T), superior (S), nasal (N) and inferior (I).ResultsCompared to controls, DOA group revealed a significant reduction in N1‐P1 RADs values in R1‐R4 rings and in TI, NS and N sectors [analysis of variance (ANOVA), p < 0.01). DOA‐M group showed a significant reduction in N1‐P1 RADs values in R1‐R5 rings and in TI, NS, NI, T, N and I sectors (p < 0.01). Dominant optic atrophy‐H (DOA‐H) group displayed only a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in N1‐P1 RADs values, exclusively in R1 and in the NS sector.ConclusionPreganglionic retinal impairment occurs in DOA with a clear genotype to retinal dysfunction association. Missense mutations are characterized by a far more severe functional impairment.
Epiretinal membrane surgery: an analysis of 2‐step sequential‐ or combined phacovitrectomy surgery on refraction and macular anatomy in a prospective trial
Authors: Hamoudi Hassan , Correll Christensen Ulrik , La Cour Morten 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeTo assess the impact of combined phacoemulsification‐vitrectomy and sequential surgery for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) on refractive error (RE) and macular morphology.MethodsIn this prospective clinical trial, we allocated phakic eyes with ERM to (1) cataract surgery and subsequent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) (CAT group), (2) PPV and subsequent cataract surgery (VIT group) or (3) phaco‐vitrectomy (COMBI group). Examinations were at baseline, one month after each surgery, and at 3 months and 12 months of follow‐up. Primary outcome was the RE (the difference between predicted and achieved spherical equivalent); secondary outcomes were best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and incidence of cystoid macular oedema (CME) defined as >10% increment of central subfield macular thickness (CSMT).ResultsSixty‐two eyes were enrolled. The mean RE showed a small myopic shift of −0.36D in all groups 1 month after surgery, decreasing after 12 months to −0.17D. The absolute value of the RE (ARE) ranged 0.49–0.68D after 12 months. In the immediate postoperative period, there was a higher incidence of CME in the CAT group. There was no significant difference in final RE, ARE, BCVA and CSMT between the groups. Four cases (17%) in the CAT group had resolved visual complaints and improved BCVA after cataract surgery resulting in no need for PPV within the follow‐up period.ConclusionSurgery for idiopathic ERM in phakic eyes with either phaco‐vitrectomy or sequential surgery are equal approaches with respect to functional‐ (RE, BCVA) and anatomical outcomes (CME, CSMT). However, if starting with cataract surgery, 17% of the cases may not need subsequent PPV.
National allergy programme had little impact on parent‐reported food allergies in children aged 6–7 years
Authors: Palmu Sauli , Heikkilä Paula , Uski Virpi , Niitty Siina , Kurikka Sari , Korppi Matti 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimThe ten‐year Finnish national allergy programme was launched in 2008 to lessen the disease and psychological burden of allergy. This study assessed the prevalence of parent‐reported food allergies requiring avoidance diets at primary school in children aged six and seven years.MethodsThe cohort comprised 1937 children (51% boys) who started primary school in Tampere, Finland, in August 2016. School health nurses charted parent‐reported, doctor‐diagnosed food allergies requiring avoidance diets as part of the routine health examination.ResultsWe found that 127 (6.6%) children had parent‐reported, doctor‐diagnosed allergies to at least one food and 37 (1.9%) were allergic to basic foods, namely cows’ milk, wheat and one other grain. All required an avoidance diet. The figure did not differ significantly from the 2.7% and 2.5% found by studies of this age group in 2009 and 2013, respectively. Allergies to fresh fruit and vegetables decreased from 5.8% in 2009 to 3.6% in 2016.ConclusionWe studied the national allergy programme that started in 2008 and found that there was a nonsignificant overall decrease in the number of children aged six to seven years on avoidance diets for allergies between 2009 and 2016. The only allergies that showed significant decreases were fresh fruit and vegetables.
Early treatment with Resolvin E1 facilitates myocardial recovery from ischaemia in mice
Authors: Liu Guizhu , Liu Qian , Shen Yujun , Kong Deping , Gong Yanjun , Tao Bo , Chen Guilin , Guo Shumin , Li Juanjuan , Zuo Shengkai , Yu Yu , Yin Huiyong , Zhang Li , Zhou Bin , Funk Colin D , Zhang Jian , Yu Ying 
Published: September 2017

Background and PurposeAn appropriate inflammatory response is necessary for cardiac healing after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is an anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolution lipid mediator derived from eicosapentaenoic acid. Here we have investigated the effects of RvE1 on the recovery of cardiac function after MI in mice.Experimental ApproachAcute MI was induced by surgical ligation of the left anterior descending artery in male C57BL/6 mice. RvE1 (5 ng·g−1·day−1; i.p.) was given to mice at different times following MI. Cardiac function was monitored by transthoracic echocardiography at days 3, 7 and 14 after MI. Effects of RvE1 on the migration of subpopulations of monocytes/macrophages (Mos/Mps, Ly6Chi and Ly6Clow) were examined by flow cytometry and transwell assay.Key ResultsRvE1 administration from days 1 to 7 post‐MI improved cardiac function, whereas treatment from days 7 to 14 markedly inhibited recovery of cardiac function. Early treatment with RvE1 post‐MI suppressed the infiltration of dominant Ly6Chi Mos/Mps and secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in injured hearts, which protected cardiomyocytes against apoptosis in the peri‐infarct zones. Contrastingly, treatment with RvE1 1 week after MI decreased infiltration of Ly6Clow Mos/Mps and expression of pro‐angiogenic factors in cardiac tissue, consequently reducing neovascularization in the peri‐infarct zones. Additionally, RvE1 inhibited Mp migration by activating ChemR23 receptors.Conclusion and ImplicationsTreatment with RvE1 during the initial 7 days after MI facilitated cardiac healing by suppressing pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion, indicating that RvE1 may serve as an early therapeutic agent for acute MI.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc
Targeting nociceptive transient receptor potential channels to treat chronic pain: current state of the field
Authors: Moran Magdalene M , Szallasi Arpad 
Published: September 2017

Control of chronic pain is frequently inadequate and/or associated with intolerable adverse effects, prompting a frantic search for new therapeutics and new therapeutic targets. Nearly two decades of preclinical and clinical research supports the involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in temperature perception, nociception and sensitization. Although there has been considerable excitement around the therapeutic potential of this channel family since the cloning and identification of TRPV1 cation channels as the capsaicin receptor more than 20 years ago, only modulators of a few channels have been tested clinically. TRPV1 channel antagonists have suffered from side effects related to the channel's role in temperature sensation; however, high dose formulations of capsaicin have reached the market and shown therapeutic utility. A number of potent, small molecule antagonists of TRPA1 channels have recently advanced into clinical trials for the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and TRPM8 antagonists are following closely behind for cold allodynia. TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM2 and TRPM3 channels have also been of significant interest. This review discusses the preclinical promise and status of novel analgesic agents that target TRP channels and the challenges that these compounds may face in development and clinical practice.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc
Parental perspectives: Risk and protective factors associated with parenting quality for parents of adolescents in secure residential care
Authors: Harder Annemiek T. , Knorth Erik J. , Kalverboer Margrite E. , Tausendfreund Tim , Knot‐Dickscheit Jana 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlthough parental problems and poor parenting are commonly associated with adolescents' admission to secure residential care, few studies examined these parental characteristics. This study aims to identify parental problems and strengths and their association with parenting styles for 64 of these parents. We assessed perspectives of both adolescents and their parent figures shortly after admission. Parents often report high levels of psychopathology for both mothers and fathers, respectively, including depression (54.7% and 39.1%), anxiety (29.7% and 12.5%), substance dependence (14.1% and 26.6%), antisocial behaviour (1.6% and 21.1%), and psychosis (11.0% and 9.4%). Parents also report high parenting stress specifically related to the behaviour of their child. In contrast to our expectations, most parents experience a high quality of life. Living in a 1‐parent family, being unemployed and having debts are most frequently mentioned risk factor combinations. We found limited support for the hypothesis that parents with more risk and less protective factors show poorer parenting. Parents with more psychopathology and parenting stress do show poorer parenting than parents without these problems. Based on our findings, we describe several implications for engaging and supporting parents of adolescents in secure residential care.
A spatial approach to combatting wildlife crime
Authors: Faulkner S. C. , Stevens M. C. A. , Romañach S. S. , Lindsey P. A. , Le Comber S. C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPoaching can have devastating impacts on animal and plant numbers, and in many countries has reached crisis levels, with illegal hunters employing increasingly sophisticated techniques. We used data from an 8‐year study in Savé Valley Conservancy, Zimbabwe, to show how geographic profiling—a mathematical technique originally developed in criminology and recently applied to animal foraging and epidemiology—can be adapted for use in investigations of wildlife crime. The data set contained information on over 10,000 incidents of illegal hunting and the deaths of 6,454 wild animals. We used a subset of data for which the illegal hunters’ identities were known. Our model identified the illegal hunters’ home villages based on the spatial locations of the hunting incidences (e.g., snares). Identification of the villages was improved by manipulating the probability surface inside the conservancy to reflect the fact that although the illegal hunters mostly live outside the conservancy, the majority of hunting occurs inside the conservancy (in criminology terms, commuter crime). These results combined with rigorous simulations showed for the first time how geographic profiling can be combined with GIS data and applied to situations with more complex spatial patterns, for example, where landscape heterogeneity means some parts of the study area are less likely to be used (e.g., aquatic areas for terrestrial animals) or where landscape permeability differs (e.g., forest bats tend not to fly over open areas). More broadly, these results show how geographic profiling can be used to target antipoaching interventions more effectively and more efficiently and to develop management strategies and conservation plans in a range of conservation scenarios.
Endothelial precursor cell cross‐match using Tie‐2‐enriched spleen cells
Authors: Daniel Volker , Süsal Caner , Scherer Sabine , Tran Hien , Gombos Petra , Trojan Karina , Sadeghi Mahmoud , Morath Christian , Opelz Gerhard 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundNon‐HLA antibodies against human endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in pre‐transplant recipient serum can have a deleterious influence on the graft. EPC enriched from peripheral blood have been commonly used for EPC cross‐matching. In the present study, we describe cross‐matches using EPC enriched from fresh or frozen‐thawed spleen cell preparations, thereby widening the sample source for deceased‐donor cross‐matching and retrospective studies.MethodsEPC cross‐matches were performed retrospectively using spleen cells and the flow cytometric XM‐ONE cross‐match test kit.ResultsHealthy controls (n = 28) showed no IgG antibodies against EPC. When sera of 11 random dialysis patients were studied, 2 patients (18%) exhibited IgG EPC antibodies. When pre‐transplant sera of 20 kidney graft recipients with good long‐term graft outcome (serum creatinine 1.0 ± 0.2 mg/dL measured 2463 ± 324 days post‐transplant) were investigated using frozen‐thawed and then separated Tie‐2‐enriched spleen cells of the original transplant donor, 3 patients (15%) had pre‐transplant IgG EPC antibodies. When pre‐transplant sera of 5 patients with intra‐operative graft loss were studied employing the original donor spleen cells, 4 (80%) patients showed IgG EPC antibodies.ConclusionsCross‐matches with spleen cell‐derived EPC using the XM‐ONE assay are technically possible. Our very preliminary experience suggests clinical relevance.
The Belt and Road Initiative in China's Emerging Grand Strategy of Connective Leadership
Authors: Andornino Giovanni B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAs Chinese leaders endeavor to maintain the international environment aligned with their strategic aim of realizing the “dream of national rejuvenation,” the remarkable increase in China's capabilities, coupled with uncertainty in the global economy and the ambivalent attitude of the USA toward the international order, poses fresh challenges to Beijing's foreign policy. The present paper argues that a lexicographic preference for the mitigation of the risk of pushback against China's core interests underpins the Belt and Road Initiative. Pursuing a strategy of credible reassurance commensurate to the shift in the distribution of power in China's neighborhood and globally, President Xi Jinping's administration has been cultivating a form of connective leadership that commits China to the encapsulation of the Belt and Road Initiative for transregional connectivity into its own national development strategy, generating an octroyé, non‐hegemonic, type of international social capital, and integrating the existing order without corroborating the position of its founder.
China's Engagement with the Sixteen Countries of Central, East and Southeast Europe under the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Vangeli Anastas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of China's burgeoning relationship with Central, East and Southeast Europe (CESEE) in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). China has rapidly expanded the extent of its interactions with CESEE since 2012, and this region has subsequently become one of the focal points of the BRI. The key feature of China's engagement with CESEE is the devising of an experimental and innovative approach, demonstrated in the establishment of an institutional mechanism for cooperation with a particular group of 16 CESEE countries (16+1). The case of China–CESEE relations offers an insight into how, in the era of the BRI, China is complementing its economic approach with institution‐building and policy coordination. The article concludes that as the BRI progresses, these tendencies will remain central to China's relations with CESEE.
Counting the cost of over‐the‐counter codeine containing analgesic misuse: A retrospective review of hospital admissions over a 5 year period
Authors: Mill Deanna , Johnson Jacinta L. , Cock Victoria , Monaghan Emily , Hotham Elizabeth D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsCombination analgesics containing codeine (CACC) are currently available over‐the‐counter (OTC) in many countries following a pharmacist's advice. Published case reports detail life‐threatening morbidities associated with OTC‐CACC misuse, although the cost of treating such patients has not been quantified. This study aims to: (i) identify and detail patients admitted to an Australian tertiary teaching hospital over a 5 year period with sequelae of OTC‐CACC misuse; and (ii) estimate the costs of identified hospital admissions.Design and MethodsUsing International Classification of Diseases (10th revision) diagnostic codes, a structured search was performed to identify admissions to a tertiary teaching hospital, relating to CACC misuse, over the defined period. A retrospective case note review provided data detailing patient characteristics, presenting morbidities and resultant interventions, and an approximate cost was calculated for identified admissions.ResultsNinety‐nine OTC‐CACC‐related admissions (for 30 individual patients) were identified. Most related to gastrointestinal morbidities secondary to ibuprofen/codeine misuse. Mean length of stay per admission was 5.9 days, with 10.1% of admissions requiring intensive care. Patients consumed a daily mean of 28 OTC‐CACC tablets for a mean of 606 days prior to admission. These 99 admissions were estimated to cost the health system AU$1 008 082 with a mean cost per admission of AU$10 183.Discussion and ConclusionsThe outcomes of OTC‐CACC misuse are serious and come at a significant cost to patient health and the Australian health‐care system. Identification and management of this cohort appears sub‐optimal with delays in diagnosis and high readmission rates.
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin in combination with metformin as initial therapy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: Results from the START study, a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Dou Jingtao , Ma Jianhua , Liu Jun , Wang Changjiang , Johnsson Eva , Yao Hui , Zhao June , Pan Changyu 
Published: September 2017

AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of saxagliptin plus metformin over 24 weeks in pharmacotherapy‐naïve Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and inadequate glycaemic control (HbA1c, 8.0%‐12.0%).Research Design and MethodsIn this multicentre, double‐blind, active‐controlled study (The START study: NCT02273050, clinicaltrials.gov), patients were randomized (1:1:1) to saxagliptin 5 mg plus metformin, saxagliptin 5 mg plus placebo or metformin plus placebo. Saxagliptin was taken once daily; metformin was taken once/twice daily and was titrated from 500 mg to a maximum of 2000 mg/d over 8 weeks. The primary end point was change in HbA1c from baseline to Week 24.ResultsData from 630 patients (66.5% men; mean age, 50.1 years; mean body mass index, 26.6 kg/m2; mean HbA1c, 9.4%; mean diabetes duration, 0.81 years) were analysed. Mean reduction in HbA1c was greater with saxagliptin plus metformin (−3.0%) than with saxagliptin plus placebo (−2.1%; P < .001) or metformin plus placebo (−2.8%; P = .034). Changes in mean fasting plasma glucose, 120‐minute postprandial glucose, and 180‐minute postprandial glucose area under the curve were greater, and more patients achieved a therapeutic glycaemic response, with saxagliptin plus metformin than with either monotherapy. Hypoglycaemic events were infrequent (<2%). Incidence of adverse events was similar among groups; upper respiratory tract infection and diarrhoea were most common.ConclusionsSaxagliptin 5 mg plus metformin significantly improved glycaemic control compared with either monotherapy in treatment‐naïve Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, and was well tolerated.
Characterization of TP53 mutations in low‐grade myelodysplastic syndromes and myelodysplastic syndromes with a non‐complex karyotype
Authors: Wang Wei , Routbort Mark J. , Tang Zhenya , Ok Chi Young , Patel Keyur P. , Daver Naval , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Wang Sa A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesAlthough commonly associated with high‐grade myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and MDS with a complex karyotype, TP53 mutations also occur in low‐grade MDS and MDS with a non‐complex karyotype. In latter cases, their clinicopathological features and the characteristics of TP53 mutations remain poorly characterized.Methods176 MDS cases with TP53 mutations were stratified and characterized based on their karyotype and histologic subtype.ResultsAmong 176 cases, 17% had a non‐complex karyotype and 24% were low‐grade MDS. TP53 mutations often occurred in DNA‐binding domains and the majority of cases had only one mutation, irrespective of their karyotype and MDS subtype. The variant allele frequency (VAF), however, was associated with karyotype complexity and the types of MDS with a lower VAF found in cases with a non‐complex karyotype and low‐grade MDS. A low (<20%) VAF was associated with a better survival, as well as low‐grade subtype.ConclusionsIn low‐grade MDS and MDS with a non‐complex karyotype, TP53 mutations showed a lower VAF. Patients with a lower VAF had a better survival. TP53 mutations are not the only prognostic factor in MDS patients with TP53 mutations as the VAF, blast counts and history of prior therapy also play important roles in prognosis.