bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La resistencia y la resistencia civil: la importancia de la teoría noviolenta
Authors: Martinez Bernal Daniel Ricardo 
Published: December 2017

Son muchos los artículos, los textos y las publi-caciones que hacen referencia a la resistencia y la resistencia civil, pero muy pocos los que hablan de la noviolencia como uno de sus pilares. Es más, es tal su desconocimiento que noviolencia la escriben indistintamente (no violencia, novio-lencia o no-violencia). Por esa razón, el objeto de este artículo es darle un giro a estas ideas, y mostrar cómo la noviolencia es el sustento de las nociones de resistencia y resistencia civil. Gracias a los estudios y las luchas gandhianos es que estos dos conceptos cobraron mayor sentido y en esa medida es que se les puede reconocer como luchas distintas de las militares o bélicas. El fundamento teórico de la noviolencia permite ver tanto la importancia que tiene el factor de lo no armado como la relevancia del estudio de los medios-métodos y fines-estrategias. To-mar como base estas dos variables amplía las perspectivas de análisis y, sobre todo, permite in-cluir valores, como el de la paz, en medio de una constante tan predominante como la violencia. Pensar desde el punto de vista de la noviolencia y sus diferentes acepciones facilita entender y conceptualizar las luchas sociales de forma más precisa y sistematizada.
Grados de ansiedad en la extracción de un tercer molar impactado. Diferencias de género / Anxiety Levels during Impacted Third Molar Extraction. Gender Differences
Authors: Cázares de León Francisco , Lozano Laín Alberto José , Gutiérrez Lizardi Pedro , Salinas Noyola Alfredo 
Published: December 2017

RESUMEN. Antecedentes: La ansiedad dental es común en los procedimientos de odontología y particularmente en los de cirugía oral Objetivo: Determinar el grado de ansiedad que se manifiesta ante la extracción quirúrgica de un tercer molar impactado y comparar los resultados de acuerdo a género. Métodos: El tipo de estudio es no experimental, con un diseño transversal, descriptivo y comparativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 80 pacientes que acudieron a consulta odontológica de ambos géneros (28 varones y 52 mujeres) de entre 17 y 62 años de edad (media de 35.5 años). Resultados: Las mujeres tuvieron grados de ansiedad en un 56.3 % contra un 27.5 % de los hombres, lo que indica que la proporción de ansiedad es mayor estadísticamente significativa para el género femenino. Conclusiones: la ansiedad es una emoción muy frecuente en los pacientes odontológicos particularmente en los que acuden a cirugía oral y específicamente en las extracciones de terceros molares. Existen diferencias entre géneros ya que el género femenino es el que presenta grados de ansiedad extrema, aunque hay que señalar que se deben considerar los factores socioculturales los cuales pueden determinar el comportamiento de cada individuo. Por último, es muy importante que el odontólogo haga uso de todas las técnicas y destrezas para evitar grados de ansiedad que pudieran conducir a estados críticos durante el tratamiento dental.ABSTRACT. Background: Dental anxiety is common in dental procedure and particular in dental surgery. Purpose: to determine the level of anxiety that is manifested before surgical removed of an impacted third molar and compare the results between the different gender. Methods: the type of study is not experimental design is transversal, but descriptive and comparative analysis. The sample consisted of 80 patients attending dental office of both male and female sex (28 males and 52 females) aged between 17 and 62 years old (mean 35.5 years). Results: the results showed that women anxiety levels showed at 53.4 % against 24.7 % of men, indicating that the proportion of anxiety is significantly higher for women. Conclusions: anxiety is a common emotion in dental patients particularly those who come to oral surgery and specifically in the third molar extractions. There are differences between genders and the female is the one with degrees of extreme anxiety, although it should be noted to consider the sociocultural factors which can determine the behavior of each individual. Finally, it is very important that the dentist makes use of all the techniques and skills to avoid anxiety levels that could lead to critical states during dental treatment.
Láser en odontología: fundamentos físicos y biológicos / Laser in Dentistry: Physical and Biological Foundations
Authors: Briceño Castellanos Jhon Fredy , Gaviria Beitia Diego Alejandro , Carranza Rodríguez Yurani Angélica 
Published: December 2017

RESUMEN. Antecedentes: El láser es una tecnología cada vez más utilizada en Odontología. Para tomar decisiones acertadas con respecto a las características y uso del láser es importante conocer sus bases físicas y biológicas en cuanto a su interacción con los tejidos. Objetivo: Analizar los fundamentos biológicos y físicos del láser en odontología. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa con base en literatura publicada entre 1990 y 2016 e incluida en el Medline. La muestra consistió en 30 artículos. Para el análisis se empleó un enfoque hermenéutico. Resultados: Los fundamentos físicos analizados incluyen luz, amplificación, emisión estimulada y radiación. En cuanto a los efectos biológicos se analizan el fototérmico, fotoquímico y fotoacústico. Asimismo, se describen las propiedades ópticas de los tejidos orales: absorción, penetración y longitud de extinción. Conclusiones: No todos los láseres actúan igual y una misma longitud de onda puede tener interacciones diferenciales en los tejidos. Existen varios estudios que evidencian la efectividad del láser en varias especialidades de la odontología y abren la posibilidad de varias líneas de investigación.ABSTRACT. Background: Laser technology usage is increasing in dentistry. In order to take adequate decisions about characteristics and use, it is important to know the physical and biological foundations of laser and its interaction with oral tissues. Objective: To analyze the physical and biological foundations of laser in dentistry. Methods: A narrative review of literature published between 1990 and 2016 and included in Medline was carried out. The sample consisted of 30 articles. Analysis of literature was performed through a hermeneutical approach Results: Physical foundations of laser analyzed include light, amplification, stimulated emission, and radiation. Biological effects studied are photothermal, photochemical, and photoacoustic. In addition, optical properties of oral tissues are described: absorption, penetration, and extinction length. Conclusion: Not all lasers act the same way and the same wave length can interact differently with tissues. Several studies show evidence of the effectiveness of laser in several dental specialties and open the possibility for several lines of research.
Eficacia de un programa de higiene oral individualizado con refuerzo a través de redes sociales en jóvenes universitarios con diagnóstico de gingivitis / Efficacy of an Individualized Prevention Program Including Social Media Support on University...
Authors: Serrano Méndez Carlos Alberto , Avendaño Calderón Karen Andrea , Moreno Caro Paula Andrea 
Published: December 2017

<p class="paragraph"><span class="eop"><strong><span lang="EN-US">ABSTRACT.</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span><strong><em><span lang="EN-US">Background:</span></em></strong><span lang="EN-US"> Several epidemiology reports have shown high prevalence of gingivitis among adolescents and young individuals in Colombia. The Third Colombian Oral Health Study described how approximately 70 % of individuals 15-24 years had gingival bleeding. <strong><em>Objective:</em></strong> To evaluate the efficacy of an individualized oral hygiene program that uses social media to treat gingivitis on young university students from Bogotá, Colombia. <strong><em>Methods:</em></strong> Thirty-eight students with gingivitis participated in a program that included: Individualized oral hygiene instruction, professional removal of plaque and calculus and, recall and support on oral hygiene through the use of social media. Evaluated clinical parameters included: plaque accumulation, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment levels, these measured at baseline and at a follow-up examination four weeks later. Wilcoxon test was used. <strong><em>Results:</em></strong> Plaque accumulation was significantly reduced from 72.6 % to 29.6 %, similarly bleeding on probing was reduced, from 36.7 % to 13.8%, a slight reduction in probing depth and gain in attachment level was observed. Subjects reported an increased frequency for toothbrushing and use of dental floss. <strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong> The program showed efficacy in the treatment of gingivitis, subjects were highly positive to the use of social media.</span></p>
Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Anti–CTLA-4 Antibody Ipilimumab and Lenalidomide in Patients with Advanced Cancers
Authors: Sakamuri Divya , Glitza Isabella C. , Betancourt Cuellar Sonia L. , Subbiah Vivek , Fu Siqing , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Wheler Jennifer J. , Hong David S. , Naing Aung , Falchook Gerald S. , Fanale Michelle A. , Cabanillas Maria E. , Janku Filip 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Preclinical data suggest that combining a checkpoint inhibition with immunomodulatory derivative can increase anticancer response. We designed a dose-escalation study using a 3 + 3 design to determine the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or recommended phase II dose (R2PD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) of the anti–CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab (1.5–3 mg/kg intravenously every 28 days × 4) and lenalidomide (10–25 mg orally daily for 21 of 28 days until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity) in advanced cancers. Total of 36 patients (Hodgkin lymphoma, 7; melanoma, 5; leiomyosarcoma, 4; renal cancer, 3; thyroid cancer, 3; other cancers, 14; median of 3 prior therapies) were enrolled. The MTD has not been reached and ipilimumab 3 mg/kg and lenalidomide 25 mg have been declared as R2PD. DLT were grade (G) 3 rash (3 patients) and G3 pancreatitis (1 patient). G3/4 drug-related toxicities other than DLT were G3 anemia (5 patients), G3 thromboembolism (2 patients), G3 thrombocytopenia, G3 rash, G3 hypopituitarism, G3 pneumonitis, G3 transaminitis, and G4 hypopituitarism (all in 1 patient). Eight patients had tumor shrinkage per immune-related response criteria (−79% to −2%) including a PR (−79% for 7.2+ months) in a refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Using comprehensive genomic profiling, a total mutation burden (mutations/Mb) was evaluated in 17 patients, with one of the patients achieving a PR demonstrated intermediate mutation burden. In conclusion, combination of ipilimumab and lenalidomide is well tolerated and demonstrated preliminary signals of activity in patients with refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and other advanced cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(3); 671–6. ©2017 AACR.
Short-Term Outcomes and Factors Associated With Adverse Events Among Adults Discharged From the Emergency Department After Treatment for Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Sax Dana R. , Mark Dustin G. , Hsia Renee Y. , Tan Thida C. , Tabada Grace H. , Go Alan S. 
Published: December 2017

Background
Although 80% of patients with heart failure seen in the emergency department (ED) are admitted, less is known about short-term outcomes and demand for services among discharged patients.

Methods and Results
We examined adult members of a large integrated delivery system who visited an ED for acute heart failure and were discharged from January 1, 2013, through September 30, 2014. The primary outcome was a composite of repeat ED visit, hospital admission, or death within 7 days of discharge. We identified multivariable baseline patient-, provider-, and facility-level factors associated with adverse outcomes within 7 days of ED discharge using logistic regression. Among 7614 patients, mean age was 77.2 years, 51.9% were women, and 28.4% were people of color. Within 7 days of discharge, 75% had outpatient follow-up (clinic, telephone, or e-mail), 7.1% had an ED revisit, 4.7% were hospitalized, and 1.2% died. Patients who met the primary outcome were more likely to be older, smokers, have a history of hemorrhagic stroke, hypothyroidism, and dementia, and less likely to be treated in a facility with an observation unit. In multivariable analysis, higher comorbidity scores and history of smoking were associated with a higher odds of the primary outcome, whereas treatment in a facility with an observation unit and presence of outpatient follow-up within 7 days were associated with a lower odds.

Conclusions
We identified selected hospital and patient characteristics associated with short-term adverse outcomes. Further understanding of these factors may optimize safe outpatient management in ED-treated patients with heart failure.
NT-proBNP (N-Terminal pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide)-Guided Therapy in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Stienen Susan , Salah Khibar , Moons Arno H. , Bakx Adrianus L. , van Pol Petra , Kortz R. A. Mikael , Ferreira João Pedro , Marques Irene , Schroeder-Tanka Jutta M. , Keijer Jan T. , Bayés-Genis Antoni , Tijssen Jan G.P. , Pinto Yigal M. , Kok Wouter E. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
The concept of natriuretic peptide guidance has been extensively studied in patients with chronic heart failure (HF), with only limited success. The effect of NT-proBNP (N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide)-guided therapy in patients with acute decompensated HF using a relative NT-proBNP target has not been investigated. This study aimed to assess whether NT-proBNP-guided therapy of patients with acute decompensated HF using a relative NT-proBNP target would lead to improved outcomes compared with conventional therapy.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to study the impact of in-hospital guidance for acute decompensated HF treatment by a predefined NT-proBNP target (>30% reduction from admission to discharge) versus conventional treatment. Patients with acute decompensated HF with NT-proBNP levels >1700 ng/L were eligible. After achieving clinical stability, 405 patients were randomized to either NT-proBNP-guided or conventional treatment (1:1). The primary end point was dual: a composite of all-cause mortality and HF readmissions in 180 days and the number of days alive out of the hospital in 180 days. Secondary end points were all-cause mortality within 180 days, HF readmissions within 180 days, and a composite of all-cause mortality and HF readmissions within 90 days.

Results:

Significantly more patients in the NT-proBNP-guided therapy group were discharged with an NT-proBNP reduction of >30% (80% versus 64%,
P
=0.001). Nonetheless, NT-proBNP-guided therapy did not significantly improve the combined event rate for all-cause mortality and HF readmissions (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–1.37;
P
=0.99) or the median number of days alive outside of the hospital (178 versus 179 days for NT-proBNP versus conventional patients,
P
=0.39). Guided therapy also did not significantly improve any of the secondary end points.

Conclusions:
The PRIMA II trial (Can NT-ProBNP-Guided Therapy During Hospital Admission for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Reduce Mortality and Readmissions?) demonstrates that the guidance of HF therapy to reach an NT-proBNP reduction of >30% after clinical stabilization did not improve 6-month outcomes.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.trialregister.nl
. Unique identifier: NTR3279.
Second Arterial Versus Venous Conduits for Multivessel Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in California
Authors: Goldstone Andrew B. , Chiu Peter , Baiocchi Michael , Wang Hanjay , Lingala Bharathi , Boyd Jack H. , Woo Y. Joseph 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Whether a second arterial conduit improves outcomes after multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting remains unclear. Consequently, arterial conduits other than the left internal thoracic artery are seldom used in the United States.

Methods:
Using a state-maintained clinical registry including all 126 nonfederal hospitals in California, we compared all-cause mortality and rates of stroke, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and sternal wound infection between propensity score–matched cohorts who underwent primary, isolated multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting with the left internal thoracic artery, and who received a second arterial conduit (right internal thoracic artery or radial artery, n=5866) or a venous conduit (n=53 566) between 2006 and 2011. Propensity score matching using 34 preoperative characteristics yielded 5813 matched sets. A subgroup analysis compared outcomes between propensity score–matched recipients of a right internal thoracic artery (n=1576) or a radial artery (n=4290).

Results:

Second arterial conduit use decreased from 10.7% in 2006 to 9.1% in 2011 (
P
<0.0001). However, receipt of a second arterial conduit was associated with significantly lower mortality (13.1% versus 10.6% at 7 years; hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72–0.87), and lower risks of myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70–0.87) and repeat revascularization (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76–0.88). In comparison with radial artery grafts, right internal thoracic artery grafts were associated with similar mortality rates (right internal thoracic artery 10.3% versus radial artery 10.7% at 7 years; hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.89–1.37) and individual risks of cardiovascular events, but the risk of sternal wound infection was increased (risk difference, 1.07%; 95% CI, 0.15–2.07).

Conclusions:
Second arterial conduit use in California is low and declining, but arterial grafts were associated with significantly lower mortality and fewer cardiovascular events. A right internal thoracic artery graft offered no benefit over that of a radial artery, but did increase risk of sternal wound infection. These findings suggest surgeons should consider lowering their threshold for using arterial grafts, and the radial artery may be the preferred second conduit.
Digital exclusion – definicje, przyczyny, przeciwdziałanie
Authors: Tomczyńska Wioleta 
Published: December 2017

Digital exclusion: definitions, causes, countermeasuresThe purpose of this article is to present some forms of digital exclusion. The article discusses what digital exclusion is and identifies the main causes and social consequences of the phenomenon. By determining the ways of counteracting digital exclusion, the author refers to Operational Programme Digital Poland for 2014–2020. In addition, the author presents the results of her analysis of preventing digital exclusion in rural areas. Digital exclusion – definicje, przyczyny, przeciwdziałanieCelem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie zjawiska wykluczenia cyfrowego. W artykule omówiono, czym jest wykluczenie cyfrowe, wskazano główne przyczyny oraz społeczne konsekwencje zjawiska. Określając sposoby przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu cyfrowemu, autorka odwołuje się do Programu Operacyjnego Polska Cyfrowa. Ponadto autorka przedstawia wyniki wykonanej przez siebie analizy dotyczącej przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu cyfrowemu na obszarach wiejskich.
Rola mediów i innych agend socjalizacji jako źródła wiedzy młodzieży o seksualności
Authors: Woźniak Maria 
Published: December 2017

The media and other agents of socialization as youths’ sources of knowledge about sexualityThe discourse on sexual education expresses great diversity of norms, beliefs, and attitudes towards sex and is dominated by the voices of adults who belong to the political and symbolic elites (i.e., politicians, teachers, clergy). Thus, the opinions of young people, which often reflect authentic personal and generational needs, are too often ignored. What is more, research shows that parents often seem to avoid discussions regarding sexuality with their children, ceding the responsibility to educate young people on the school. However, evaluations of how "introduction to family life" curriculum is implemented suggest that it is often conducted on an unsatisfactory level. Consequently, young people are forced to acquire and verify information about sexuality on their own. Based on individual in‑depth interviews this analysis refers to chosen sources from which young people obtain knowledge about sexuality. The article focuses on one of such sources: the media (including the Internet). It aims also to discuss young people's ambivalence towards self-acquired knowledge about sexuality. Rola mediów i innych agend socjalizacji jako źródła wiedzy młodzieży o seksualnościDyskusja dotycząca edukacji seksualnej wyraża olbrzymią różnorodność norm, wierzeń oraz postaw wobec seksu i zdominowana jest przez głosy osób dorosłych należących do elit politycznych i symbolicznych (np. polityków, nauczycieli, duchownych). Opinie młodych ludzi, które nierzadko są odzwierciedleniem ich osobistych i pokoleniowych potrzeb, są natomiast nader często ignorowane. Co więcej, badania pokazują, że rodzice raczej unikają rozmów ze swoimi dziećmi na temat szeroko pojętej seksualności, cedując pośrednio obowiązek edukowania młodych ludzi w tym zakresie na szkołę. Ewaluacje realizacji „wychowania do życia w rodzinie” sugerują jednak, że jej poziom jest niesatysfakcjonujący. Wobec powyższego młodzi ludzie nie tylko zmuszeni są sami zdobywać informacje na ten temat, ale także je selekcjonować i weryfikować. Oparta na indywidualnych wywiadach pogłębionych analiza wskazuje wybrane źródła, z jakich młodzi ludzie czerpią wiedzę dotyczącą seksualności. Artykuł skupia się na jednym z tych źródeł: na mediach (w tym na internecie) i omawia ambiwalencję odczuwaną przez młodych ludzi w stosunku do samodzielnie uzyskiwanej wiedzy dotyczącej seksualności.