bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Partisanship Stop at Scandal’s Edge? Partisan Resiliency and the Survival of Political Scandal
Authors: Cortina Jeronimo , Rottinghaus Brandon 
Published: July 2017

The outbreak of political scandal depresses the approval ratings of the individuals involved, especially the president. Yet, less is known about the partisan effects of approval ratings during scandal, especially the “stickiness” of partisan ties to leaders involved in scandal. Using a survey experiment, we expose respondents to manufactured news coverage of both illegal and not illegal (mismanaged policy) activities involving President Obama. The results demonstrate that the President’s co-partisans are more likely to approve of the President and less likely to desire to impeach the president, even after being informed about illegal activity. In contrast, out partisans are more likely to demand the President’s impeachment for both illegal and not illegal activity. This article provides evidence of how partisanship persists (and even expands) during presidential scandals and how partisan linkages are important to surviving scandal.
Prediction of Darbandikhan Reservoir Inflow Using ANFIS Models.
Authors: Ibrahim Hekmat 
Published: July 2017

Predicting reservoir inflow is important to reservoir management and scheduling; therefore, accurate prediction of reservoir inflow has been a vital task for researchers and water resources managers during last decades. Recently, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) has been extensively used to find the relationship between inputs and outputs without considering the physical process of the phenomena. Therefore, the current study investigates and evaluates the capability and applicability of the ANFIS technique in modeling the reservoir inflow for predicting future values of monthly inflow to Darbandikhan reservoir in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Five rain gage stations data from 1992-2009 were used to develop ANFIS models to predict monthly reservoir inflow from various combinations of antecedent values of inflow and rainfall within the basin in Iraq and Iran which are considered as input variables. Two different membership functions (MFs), triangular and generalized bell, with different numbers (2-5) for each input variable were investigated in the ANFIS models. The best fit models were selected using three performance evaluation criteria, namely; coefficient of determination ( R 2), coefficient of efficiency ( CE ) and normalized root mean squared error ( NRMSE ). In comparison of ANFIS model uses the triangular MF with that model uses the generalized bell MF, approximately, similar predict accuracies were obtained for both MFs except the latter needs fewer numbers of MFs. The results indicated that using a combination of inflow and rainfall as input variables is effective in improving predict accuracy and developing parsimonious models with fewer and readily available input variables. Moreover, among different architectures of ANFIS, structures, including three input variables, 1 and 12 time lags of inflow ( It-1 , It-12 ) and rainfall of Marivan station ( ) showed better performance for this application. For best models, the performance evaluation criteria, , and , for checking data set were obtained as 0.96, 0.95 and 0.2 respectively for model with four triangular MFs; and as 0.96, 0.96 and 0.2 respectively for model with three generalized bell MFs. Reservoir inflow modeling in this way will be more reliable than doing it using a time series model as a more effective parameter could be incorporated. By considering the results, ANFIS method is an effective tool that can be successfully applied for reservoir inflow modeling and have satisfactory performances in Darbandikhan reservoir monthly inflow prediction.
LATGALISKAIS LATVIEŠU DZEJĀ PĒC OTRĀ PASAULES KARA: DAŽAS PĀRDOMAS PAR KOPĪGO UN ATŠĶIRĪGO NACIONĀLĀS IDENTITĀTES ASPEKTĀ
Authors: Vecgrāvis Viesturs 
Published: July 2017

Latgaliskas izcelsmes dzejnieki Latvijā pēc Otrā pasaules kara gandrīz visi savu liriku publicēja literārajā valodā. Tam pamatā lielākoties bija padomju ideoloģijas kanons, kurā principiāli tika ignorēts novadnieciskais un reģionālais, tajā skaitā – arī latgaliešu valoda.Taču norisa arī pretējs process. Latgales dzejnieki, kas debitēja, sākot ar 50. gadu vidu, domājams, apzināti par savas lirikas valodu izvēlējās kopnacionālo valodu, tā izteikti paplašinādami savas dzejas recipientu loku, vienlaikus pārmantojot 30. gadu otrās puses latviešu lirikā aktualizēto novadniecisko piesaisti un „uzturot spēkā“ elēģiski romantizētu un „patosētu“ liriskā pārdzīvojuma ekspresivitāti, kā arī morālo kritēriju sakralizētu izjūtu. Padomju sistēmas apstākļos līdz pat Atmodai Latgales dzejnieku lirikā trūkst baznīcas kā svētuma koncepta, to lielākoties aizstājot ar zemkopju darba ētikas un dabas norišu poetizāciju, dzimtā novada skaistuma un humānistisko vērtību cildinājumu.Talantīgākie latgaliskas cilmes dzejnieki – Andris Vējāns, Marta Bārbale, (sākot no 50. gadiem), Pēteris Jurciņš (no 60. gadiem) un Anna Rancāne (no 80. gadiem) – savā romantiskajā pasaules izjūtā lirisko pārdzīvojumu atklājuši romantizētā ekspresijā ar elēģisku refleksiju ievirzi un dažkārt ar publicistiskas ievirzes pārdomām un aicinājumiem.A. Vējāna un M. Bārbales lirikai raksturīgs kolorīts dabas un cilvēka dzīves norišu tēlojums. Novadnieciskais viņu dzejā atklājas kā pietāte pret paaudžu iedibinātām ētiskām (visupirms) un estētiskām kvalitātēm, kā dzimtā novada „patosēts“ atainojums, turpinot „tēvzemes lirikas“ tradīciju. Nereti viņu lirikā aktualizēts cilvēka jaunradītāja patoss. A. Vējāna dzejā īpaši nozīmīgi ir dzimtā novada gleznains tēlojums un Latgales pagātnes kultūras darbinieku veikuma atklāsme.P. Jurciņa lirikā latgaliskais atklāts gan kā drastiski humorpilns skatījums uz sadzīves norisēm un cilvēku rīcību, gan kā pietāte pret iepriekšējo paaudžu dzīves vērtībām, gan arī kā intīmi iejūtīgs dzimtā novada un tā simbolizētu faunas reāliju cildinājums. Tieši P. Jurciņa lirikā latgaliskais visspilgtāk akcentēts komikas izgaismojumā.A. Rancānes liriku raksturo gan pietāte pret ētiskiem ideāliem un to akcentēšana, gan tradīciju akceptēšana, kas uzsvērta kā piederības sajūta dzimtai un mājām, novada valodai un sakrālajām vērtībām. A. Rancānes dzejas centrā ir cilvēka harmoniskuma un stabilitātes meklējumi. Ļoti būtisks ir katolicisma (plašāk – kristīgā humānisma) vērtību, Dieva apziņas kā cilvēku morāliskos kritērijus veidojoša elementa uzsvērums. Dzejnieces lirikas intonatīvo centru veido romantismam raksturīga ideāla tiecība un atbildības sajūta, emocionāli spriegi apliecinot vispārcilvēciskas vērtības, kuru sakņojums rodams dzimtajā novadā.Kopumā četru raksturoto Latgales dzejnieku literārajā valodā rakstīta lirika marķēta kā savdabīgs latviskās identitātes spilgtas novadnieciskas mentalitātes apliecinājums.
A comparative study of postoperative complications in emergency versus elective laparotomy at a tertiary care centre
Authors: S. Chauhan , B. Chauhan , H. Sharma 
Published: July 2017

Background: The incidences of post-operative complications are higher after laparotomy particularly in emergency. This study was aimed to evaluate and compare postoperative complications after emergency versus elective laparotomy performed at Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar.Methods: This comparative study was carried out at Department of General Surgery in Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh during period of January 2015 to February 2016. All the patients who underwent laparotomy (elective or emergency) were included in the study. Demographic data about patients was collected and noted in pro forma. Patients were followed in postoperative period and any complication developed recorded. Complications compared according to nature of laparotomy whether elective or emergency.Results: A total of 350 patients underwent emergency laparotomy and 50 patients underwent elective laparotomy. 128 (36.57%) patients developed complications following emergency laparotomy while 11 (22%) patients developed complication after elective laparotomy. Postoperative complications following emergency laparotomy included pyrexia (18.2%) followed by nausea and vomiting (12%), wound infection (11.4%), respiratory tract infection (6.85%), urinary tract infection (2.28%), gastrointestinal complications (3.71%), toxemia and septicaemia (8%). After elective laparotomy 20% patients showed postoperative fever, 10% patients suffered from postoperative nausea and vomiting and wound infection was noted in 4% patients.Conclusions: In comparison to elective laparotomy postoperative complications are more common in emergency laparotomy.
Knowledge, attitude, practice of rational use of medicines among junior residents in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: V. Hooli Tanuja , Srikanth . , S. C. Somashekara , B. Suraj 
Published: July 2017

Background: Irrational use of prescribing is on the rise due to many factors like false beliefs, following a prescribing pattern of senior doctors, inadequate knowledge, ignorance, promotional activities for the profit of professionals by pharmaceutical industry and lack of enforcement of regulations by regulatory authorities. Junior residents are exposed to variety of prescribing patterns in the first year and are the future physicians and specialists. There are very few studies among JRs, hence the present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of junior residents about rational use of medicines.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, questionnaire based study conducted among JRs at a tertiary care hospital in South India in June 2015. The participants were explained about the study and consent was taken. Permission was obtained from institutional ethics committee. Identity of the residents was kept confidential. A self-developed, pre-validated, semi-structured questionnaire consisting of both open-ended and closed-ended items was used. Questionnaire was designed to obtain information about the knowledge, attitude and practice of RUM. The data was recorded and analyzed using Microsoft Excel (2013 version) and the results are explained in frequency and percentage.Results: The knowledge related to essential medicines list (EML), P drugs and schedule H drugs was limited. Participants had limited knowledge about the revision of EML list, number of fixed dose combinations (FDCs)in EML, STEP criteria for choosing a P drug and advantages of choosing a P drug Most of the JRs frequently prescribed drugs from EML. Trade name and newer drugs were prescribed around 50%. The prescription of FDCs from EML was very low (6%). Around 50% of JRs prescribe medicines with both generic and brand name.Conclusions: Majority of JRs were aware about various issues concerned with RUM but the knowledge related to EML, P drugs, schedule H drugs and number of FDCs in EML was limited. As junior residents are future prescribers, they need to be aware of all the aspects of RUM. Inadequate/improper knowledge in the above areas is a matter of concern and needs to be addressed.
Pharmacoepidemiological profile and appropriateness of drug use in paediatric diarrhoea patients: a cross sectional study in western India
Authors: Chaudhari Vipul P. , Patel Juhi , Shah Rima , Shah Amit 
Published: July 2017

Background: The background of the study was to analyze the prescribing pattern and appropriateness of drug treatment of diarrhoea.Methods: Total 194 pediatric patients with diarrhoea (140 admitted at tertiary care centre and 54 patients attended primary health care centre) were included and their demographic details; disease related parameters, drug treatment and adverse drug reactions were recorded. Appropriateness of drug treatment was analyzed using the WHO and Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) guidelines for management of diarrhoea.Results: Most patients (27.32%) were less than 1 year of age and majority 54.64% were males. Most common presenting symptoms was diarrhoea with dehydration (100%) followed by vomiting (60%), fever (54.29%). Stool cultures were carried out only in 22.86% patients at tertiary health care centre while no investigations were carried out at PHC. Average number of drugs prescribed per patient was 8.25 ± 1.3. All the patients were given fluid replacement therapy. 94.29% and 85.19% patients were prescribed antimicrobials at tertiary centre (THC) and PHC respectively. Most common antibiotic used was cephalosporins (82%) followed by aminoglycosides (48.57%) of patients at THC while ofloxacin (82.60%) and metronidazole (17.40%) were commonly used at PHC. Analgesic/antipyretic was required in 70.71% and 85.19% of patients at THC and PHC respectively. Comparing with the WHO diarrhoea management guidelines and IAP guidelines, only 8 (14.81%) prescriptions were considered as rational. 2.85% patients developed mucocutaneous rash as ADR.Conclusions: Inappropriate prescribing for diarrhoea is highly prevalent in society. Emphasis on proper diagnosis and treatment, education and availability of locally effective guidelines may help in a better and judicious use of drugs in children.
A comparative study of outcomes of Lichtenstein repair and Desarda tissue repair in patients of inguinal hernia
Authors: Neogi Probal , Gupta Vivek , Tripathi Neeraj 
Published: July 2017

Background: Inguinal hernia is a very common surgical problem for which, mesh-based techniques, particularly the Lichtenstein repair is considered standard. However, problems like foreign body sensation, wound infection, cord fibrosis, chronic pain and recurrence are major concern. Desarda tissue repair (non-mesh technique), which was given by an Indian surgeon, is now being used in many countries because of low cost of procedure with very low recurrence rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of Desarda tissue repair at a tertiary care centre of Central India as a treatment of primary inguinal hernia, by comparing it with Lichtenstein repair in terms of various post-operative parameters.Methods: Patients between age of 18 and 70 years with primary inguinal hernia were included in this randomised controlled trial. Patients with strangulated, obstructed or recurrent hernia, surgically unfit patients and patients having unmanaged urinary obstruction, cough or constipation were excluded. Randomization was done by sealed envelope method into Lichtenstein and Desarda arm and respective surgeries were performed.Results: 90 patients were included in the study and average duration of follow-up was 15.1 months. Operative time was significantly less in Desarda arm (14.75 min compared to 21.32 min in Lichtenstein arm). Cost, incidence of seroma formation, post-operative pain, foreign body sensation and chronic pain were also significantly less in Desarda arm. No recurrence was observed in both arms.Conclusions: Desarda repair is easy to perform and takes less time to perform and proves cost effective. Desarda repair is comparable to Lichtenstein repair in terms of many parameters and superior in terms of post-operative pain and foreign body sensation and can be preferred for young patients. In infected and strangulated cases, Desarda repair can be used effectively without fear of mesh infection.
Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis by Alvarado scoring with ultrasonography as supportive tool
Authors: Chada Chenna Krishna Reddy , Malepati Srikrishna , Kandati Jithendra , Satish Sreeram 
Published: July 2017

Background: Acute appendicitis remains as one of the most common surgical entity requiring early intervention. Delay in management results in complications and misdiagnosis results in negative appendectomy. Hence there is always a need to develop a well-designed protocol for diagnosis and to reduce negative appendectomy. Alvarado score for diagnosis of acute appendicitis is an easy, affordable and diagnostic which has been evaluated early with variable reports. In cases with equivocal score, additional tools like sonography may provide a reliable result in accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Alvarado score and ultrasonography in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. To determine the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of ultrasonography in cases operated with histopathological correlation.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at our hospital by department of general surgery for a period of six months. All suspected cases of appendicitis were scored by Alvarado score and cases with>5 were performed additional USG for further evaluation. All the cases of appendicitis that underwent surgery were further confirmed by histopathological correlation with USG and clinical Alvarado score.Results: A total of 200 cases were enrolled with male predominance (57.5%) and mean age of study group was 34.26±8.64 years and male to female ratio of 1.3:1.69% of cases presented with Alvarado score of 7 and above, while 21% of cases with 5-6. Migratory pain in RIF was the commonest symptom and tenderness RIF was the most common sign.160 cases (80%) were operated totally with 75% cases lap appendectomy and 25% cases by open appendectomy. USG was performed on 160 cases and 146 were positive and 14 were negative whereas histopathologically 142 cases were confirmed as Acute appendicitis. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of USG is 97.18%, 55.56%, 94.52% and 71.43%. The accuracy of USG is 92.5.Conclusions: Acute appendicitis is first and foremost a clinical diagnosis with scoring systems and imaging being necessary adjuncts in equivocal cases. USG is an easily available tool in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Application of USG as adjunct tool to Alvarado scoring improves the diagnostic accuracy.
Clinico-etiological profile of neonatal seizures in term neonates
Authors: Reddy K. Venkataramana , Soren C. , Jagtap Snigdha , Pardhasaradhi Y. , Satish S. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Neonatal seizures or neonatal convulsions are epileptic fits occurring from birth to the end of the neonatal period. Neonatal seizures are a common neurological problem with a frequency of 1.5-14/1000 neonates. Neonatal seizure is common in this part of the Telangana and there was paucity of data from this area. Identification of etiology will help in management there by reducing morbidity and mortality.Methods: This prospective study was done in NICU of S.V.S. Medical College and Hospital, Mahabubnagar, from Jan 2016 to Jan 2017. Term neonates with clinically identifiable seizure were included in the present study. This study was approved by institutional ethical committee and written consent was obtained from parents of the studied neonates.Results: Of 84 studied neonates, 46 were males and 38 were females. 29 neonates had seizures within first 24 hours and 22 neonates had seizures on day 2. Perinatal asphyxia was seen in 28 neonates and septicemia was seen in 21 neonates.Conclusions: Perinatal asphyxia was the most common cause for neonatal seizures in term neonates, followed by septicaemia and metabolic disturbances.
CONTAMINAÇÃO AMBIENTAL POR OVOS DE Ancylostoma spp. E Toxocara spp. EM ÁREAS DE SEIS PRAÇAS PÚBLICAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE VALENÇA, ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: CIRNE Filipe Souza de Lima e , SILVA Thassio da , CARVALHO Anna Carolina Folly de , DIAS Patrizia Mota , RAMOS Carina Diniz , BATISTA Lilian Cristina De Sousa Oliveira 
Published: July 2017

<p>A contaminação de praças públicas por ovos de geohelmintos constitui um problema de saúde pública. Nesses locais, ovos ou larvas podem permanecer por muito tempo, até que a infecção ocorra. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a contaminação ambiental por ovos de <em>Ancylostoma</em> spp. e <em>Toxocara </em>spp. em amostras de solos coletadas de praças públicas de Valença, Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho englobou seis praças próximas ao centro da cidade. Foram colhidos 50g de solo de cinco pontos diferentes de cada praça, totalizando-se 30 amostras. Utilizou-se as técnicas de centrífugo-flutuaçãoem solução saturada de açúcar e de Hoffman<strong>. </strong>A contaminação somente por ovos de <em>Ancylostoma </em>spp. foi de 66,6% (4/6), sendo encontrados ovos em 30% (9/30) das amostras de solo analisadas. A ocorrência de ovos de <em>Ancylostoma </em>spp. nas praças públicas de Valença enfatiza a importância da adoção de medidas restritivas rígidas que impeçam a entrada de animais em locais de recreação para crianças, pois não apenas este, mas outros parasitas são capazes de comprometer a saúde humana e atuar como forma de infecção no ambiente para outros animais. </p>
APLICAÇÃO DA ESCALA DE FRAMINGHAM NA UNIDADE BASICA DE SAÚDE DO BAIRRO HORTO FLORESTAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE ITAPERUNA-RJ
Authors: JUNIOR Wilian De Freitas , ALTOÉ Gisela Machado , RODRIGUES Nikyallan Soares , GRAVINA Thays Costa , FERNANDES Karoline 
Published: July 2017

<p>Há consenso sobre a importância da adoção de estratégias de atenção integral à saúde focadas na prevenção do aparecimento de comorbidades, dentre inúmeros fatores, tais como: envelhecimento da população, sobrevida das doenças infecciosas, sendo que uma parcela importante pode ser atribuída ao controle inadequado dos fatores associados ao desenvolvimento dessas doenças. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar e avaliar o perfil dos pacientes acompanhados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), com a perspectiva de prevenção de sofrimento de um evento coronariano agudo, contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos atores sociais do Noroeste Fluminense. O universo da pesquisa foi a UBS do bairro Horto Florestal, Itaperuna/RJ, onde foi realizado um estudo analítico observacional transversal compreendendo a aplicação da Escala de Framingham. Os critérios de inclusão foram pacientes em idade entre 30 e 74 anos, de forma randomizada, no período de agosto/2014, abril/2015. Dentre os preditores ressaltam-se LDL colesterol, HDL colesterol, pressão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus, tabagismo. Faz-se mister elucidar os resultados mais significativos: 44,8% dos indivíduos pontuaram risco através do HDL colesterol; quanto aos níveis de pressão arterial, mais de 50% somaram pontos no escore. Referindo-se ao diabetes, 16,2% apresentaram a doença e ao tabagismo, 20%, sendo que estes dois últimos agravam ainda mais o risco de evento cardiovascular. Estudos embasados na integração com a rede de serviços de saúde contribuem para a prevenção de agravos, constituindo-se estratégias significativas para a construção de um país mais justo, onde a saúde promove cidadania na sua integralidade.</p><p>Palavras-chave: Rede de Saúde. Escala de Framingham. Risco. Prevenção. </p>