bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phthalocyanine derivative attenuates TNF‐α production in macrophage culture and prevents alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis
Authors: Breseghello Isadora , Rosalen Pedro Luiz , Bruzadelli Rafaela Franco Dias , de Araújo Leonardo Pereira , Abdalla Henrique Ballassini , Lazarini Josy Goldoni , Paiva Isadora Marques , Bueno‐Silva Bruno , Cordeiro Márcia Regina , de Alencar Severino Matias , Vilhena Fabiano Vieira , Cunha Thiago Mattar , Fernandes Leandro Araújo , Ikegaki Masaharu , Franchin Marcelo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThis study investigated the activity and mechanism of action of the iron tetracarboxyphthalocyanine (FeTcPc) on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) production and its impact on experimental periodontitis.MethodsRAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with FeTcPc, activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 10 ng/mL, and the TNF‐α levels were measured, as well as the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) activation. Subsequently, a mouth gel containing 1% FeTcPc was topically administered to the gingival tissue of mice with periodontitis‐induced ligatures. Bone loss and the gene expression of Tnfα, p65 (NF‐κB), and receptor‐activating nuclear factor kappa B ligand (Rankl) were quantified in gingival tissue. Finally, the systemic toxicity of FeTcPc was estimated in Galleria mellonella larvae.ResultsIn an activated RAW 264.7 macrophage culture, 100 μM FeTcPc reduced TNF‐α release and NF‐κB activation. Regarding experimental periodontitis, topical application of mouth gel containing 1% FeTcPc blocked alveolar bone loss. Additionally, 1% FeTcPc reduced the expression of Tnfα, p65 (NF‐κB), and Rankl in gingival tissue. Finally, administration FeTcPc at doses ranging from 1 to 1000 mg/kg did not cause acute systemic toxicity in G. mellonella.ConclusionOverall, we demonstrated the potential of mouth gel containing FeTcPc as a therapeutic strategy for managing osteolytic inflammatory disorders, such as periodontitis.
Perceived risks and benefits of telePrEP interventions: An interview study with rural sexual minority men in Texas
Authors: Owens Christopher , Buchanan Elizabeth , Fisher Celia B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeMany rural areas lack brick‐and‐mortar HIV prevention resources despite the increasing rates of HIV. Although online HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programs can potentially increase uptake among rural sexual minority men (SMM), their attitudes and preferences regarding telehealth‐based PrEP (telePrEP) programming are uncertain. This qualitative study examined rural SMM's perceived risks and benefits of participating in a hypothetical telePrEP program.MethodsTwenty rural SMM living in Texas completed a semi‐structured online videoconferencing interview between April 12 and June 14, 2023. Data were analyzed with reflexive thematic analysis.FindingsFour themes were constructed: (1) telePrEP interventions increase accessibility but completely online services might be inadequate; (2) telePrEP and mail‐order interventions are convenient but face challenges; (3) telePrEP interventions need to address confidentiality and privacy within the context of the sociopolitical climate; and (4) telePrEP interventions need to address trustworthiness and transparency.ConclusionsOverall, our results indicate that rural SMM perceive telePrEP interventions that provide at‐home and telehealth PrEP, HIV testing, and HIV care services as beneficial. However, overall utility and acceptability depend on perceptions of privacy, confidentiality, trustworthiness, and transparency. Given the HIV prevention and treatment service deserts in which many rural SMM live, telePrEP interventions must purposefully demonstrate how their operations and data will remain safe and secure. Further work should explore contextual or situational factors that influence the willingness and acceptability of rural SMM to participate in online HIV prevention intervention research studies.
The Coup, the Pandemic, and Turkey's Civilian Control over the Military
Authors: Yıldırım Galip Emre 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTurkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has developed an unlikely but pragmatic ally in expanding his hold on state power: the armed forces. This article shows how Erdoğan fundamentally restructured and curbed the military's power after the failed coup attempt of 2016. These reforms divided the army, empowered the police‐like gendarmerie, and placed civilian authorities squarely in control of both. The study analyzes the use of the gendarmerie inside Turkey, and the army outside, as the government battled the Covid‐19 outbreak and tried to assist foreign countries in their fights against the pandemic. This use of hard power bolstered the government's soft power, strengthening the Erdoğan regime. The case demonstrates the effectiveness of Turkey's new civil‐military relations and indicates that we should expect to see the state continue to leverage its military capacity to solve problems at home and abroad.
Metabolomics: Implication in cardiovascular research and diseases
Authors: Ajoolabady Amir , Pratico Domenico , Dunn Warwick B. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Ren Jun 
Published: October 2024

SummaryCellular metabolism influences all aspects of cellular function and is crucial for overall organismal health. Metabolic disorders related to cardiovascular health can lead to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Moreover, associated comorbidities may also damage cardiovascular metabolism, exacerbating CVD and perpetuating a vicious cycle. Given the prominent role of metabolic alterations in CVD, metabolomics has emerged as an imperative technique enabling a comprehensive assessment of metabolites and metabolic architecture within the body. Metabolite profile and metabolic pathways help to deepen and broaden our understanding of complex genomic landscape and pathophysiology of CVD. Here in this review, we aim to overview the experimental and clinical applications of metabolomics in pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and management of various CVD plus future perspectives and limitations.
Beta2‐Adrenergic Stimulation Induces Resistance Training‐Like Adaptations in Human Skeletal Muscle: Potential Role of KLHL41
Authors: Jessen Søren , Quesada Júlia Prats , Di Credico Andrea , Moreno‐Justicia Roger , Wilson Richard , Jacobson Glenn , Bangsbo Jens , Deshmukh Atul S. , Hostrup Morten 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSkeletal muscle mass plays a pivotal role in metabolic function, but conditions such as bed rest or injury often render resistance training impractical. The beta2‐adrenergic receptor has been highlighted as a potential target to promote muscle hypertrophy and treat atrophic conditions. Here, we investigate the proteomic changes associated with beta2‐adrenergic‐mediated muscle hypertrophy, using resistance training as a hypertrophic comparator. We utilize MS‐based proteomics to map skeletal muscle proteome remodeling in response to beta2‐adrenergic stimulation or resistance training as well as cell model validation. We report that beta2‐adrenergic stimulation mimics multiple features of resistance training in proteome‐wide remodeling, comprising systematic upregulation of ribosomal subunits and concomitant downregulation of mitochondrial proteins. Approximately 20% of proteins were regulated in both conditions, comprising proteins involved in steroid metabolism (AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKRC1C3), protein‐folding (SERPINB1), and extracellular matrix organization (COL1A1, COL1A2). Among overall most significantly upregulated proteins were kelch‐like family members (KLHL) 40 and 41. In follow‐up experiments, we identify KLHL41 as having novel implications for beta2‐adrenergic‐mediated muscle hypertrophy. Treating C2C12 cells with beta2‐agonist for 96 h increased myotube diameter by 48% (p < 0.001). This anabolic effect was abolished by prior knockdown of KLHL41. Using siRNA, KLHL41 abundance was decreased by 60%, and the anabolic response to beta2‐agonist was diminished (+ 15%, i.e., greater in the presence of KLHL41, knock‐down × treatment: p = 0.004). In conclusion, protein‐wide remodeling induced by beta2‐adrenergic stimulation mimics multiple features of resistance training, and thus the beta2‐adrenergic receptor may be a target with therapeutic potential in the treatment of muscle wasting conditions without imposing mechanical load.
Skin Tone Analysis Through Skin Tone Map Generation With Optical Approach and Deep Learning
Authors: Jung Geunho , Kim Semin , Yoo Sangwook 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSkin tone assessment is critical in both cosmetic and medical fields, yet traditional methods like the individual typology angle (ITA) have limitations, such as sensitivity to illuminants and insensitivity to skin redness.MethodsThis study introduces an automated image‐based method for skin tone mapping by applying optical approaches and deep learning. The method generates skin tone maps by leveraging the illuminant spectrum, segments the skin region from face images, and identifies the corresponding skin tone on the map. The method was evaluated by generating skin tone maps under three standard illuminants (D45, D65, and D85) and comparing the results with those obtained using ITA on skin tone simulation images.ResultsThe results showed that skin tone maps generated under the same lighting conditions as the image acquisition (D65) provided the highest accuracy, with a color difference of around 6, which is more than twice as small as those observed under other illuminants. The mapping positions also demonstrated a clear correlation with pigment levels. Compared to ITA, the proposed approach was particularly effective in distinguishing skin tones related to redness.ConclusionDespite the need to measure the illuminant spectrum and for further physiological validation, the proposed approach shows potential for enhancing skin tone assessment. Its ability to mitigate the effects of illuminants and distinguish between the two dominant pigments offers promising applications in both cosmetic and medical diagnostics.
Spatial and Temporal Variations in Offshore Crude Oil Transportation: Insights From China's Coastal Ports
Authors: Chen Yanming , Cai Xinyu , Xiao Yijia , Hu Keyan , Yin Changgui , Yan Zhaojin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAnalyzing the spatial and temporal variations of offshore crude oil transportation at China's coastal ports is critical for the country's energy security. The automatic identification system provides high‐resolution real‐time data on China's offshore crude oil transportation, offering more precise spatial and temporal insights than existing statistical studies. In this study, we propose a novel method for calculating offshore crude oil transportation volumes by considering the operational status of crude oil tankers as “empty” or “full.” This approach enhances reliability and provides detailed port‐level transport data. Our findings reveal notable similarities between the centrality measures of maritime oil transportation and oil tanker networks, but significant differences in community divisions. Specifically, in the tanker networks, Chinese ports are categorized into three regions, with one region being dominant and the other two regions containing only four ports. In contrast, the oil flow networks show China divided into two major regions and two minor ones. This study offers valuable contributions to strengthening energy security in China and supports informed policy development and implementation.
Leaf abaxial and adaxial surfaces differentially affect the interaction of Botrytis cinerea across several eudicots
Authors: Caseys Celine , Muhich Anna Jo , Vega Josue , Ahmed Maha , Hopper Aleshia , Kelly David , Kim Sydney , Madrone Matisse , Plaziak Taylor , Wang Melissa , Kliebenstein Daniel J. 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYEudicot plant species have leaves with two surfaces: the lower abaxial and the upper adaxial surface. Each surface varies in a diversity of components and molecular signals, resulting in potentially different degrees of resistance to pathogens. We tested how Botrytis cinerea, a necrotroph fungal pathogen, interacts with the two different leaf surfaces across 16 crop species and 20 Arabidopsis genotypes. This showed that the abaxial surface is generally more susceptible to the pathogen than the adaxial surface. In Arabidopsis, the differential lesion area between leaf surfaces was associated with jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling and differential induction of defense chemistry across the two surfaces. When infecting the adaxial surface, leaves mounted stronger defenses by producing more glucosinolates and camalexin defense compounds, partially explaining the differential susceptibility across surfaces. Testing a collection of 96 B. cinerea strains showed the genetic heterogeneity of growth patterns, with a few strains preferring the adaxial surface while most are more virulent on the abaxial surface. Overall, we show that leaf–Botrytis interactions are complex with host‐specific, surface‐specific, and strain‐specific patterns.
Stabilization of 82 sacroiliac luxations in 67 cats using two sacroiliac screws (2014–2023)
Authors: Schreiber Kevin R. L. , Thibault Alexandre , Hamon Martin , Haudiquet Philippe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe sacroiliac luxation stabilization in cats using two screws and to report clinical and radiographic short‐term outcomes.Study designRetrospective clinical cohort study.Sample populationCats (n = 67) with sacroiliac luxation.MethodsCase records of cats presented for sacroiliac luxation stabilized using two screws per side affected, one lag and one positional, between 2014 and 2023 were reviewed. The percentage of sacral purchase (PoSP) for each screw, percentage of reduction (PoR), and pelvic canal width ratio (PCWR) were measured and calculated.ResultsEighty‐two sacroiliac luxations were stabilized. Two 2.0 mm screws were used in 69 cases; two 2.4‐mm screws in nine cases, and one 2.4 mm with one 2.0 mm screw in four cases. The mean PoSPs for lag and positional screws were 46% ± 12 and 31% ± 11, respectively. The median PoR was 89% (41 to 100). The mean PCWR was 1.23 ± 0.11. Clinical follow up was available for 42 cats with 53 sacroiliac luxations at a median of 87 days (36 to 2503). The full function was noted in 34 patients (81%). Screw failure occurred in five sacroiliac joints (4.7%), including loosening (n = 3), and breakage (n = 2) of the positional screws (n = 1). Pelvic canal diameter was maintained in all cases.ConclusionExcellent functional and radiographic outcomes were obtained for cats with sacroiliac luxation stabilized with two sacroiliac screws.Clinical significanceFeline sacroiliac luxation can be stabilized using two sacroiliac screws.
A realisation result for moduli spaces of group actions on the line
Authors: Brum Joaquín , Bon Nicolás Matte , Rivas Cristóbal , Triestino Michele 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGiven a finitely generated group , the possible actions of on the real line (without global fixed points), considered up to semi‐conjugacy, can be encoded by the space of orbits of a flow on a compact space naturally associated with and uniquely defined up to flow equivalence, that we call the Deroin space of . We show a realisation result: every expansive flow on a compact metrisable space of topological dimension 1, satisfying some mild additional assumptions, arises as the Deroin space of a finitely generated group. This is proven by identifying the Deroin space of an explicit family of groups acting on suspension flows of subshifts, which is a variant of a construction introduced by the second and fourth authors. This result provides a source of examples of finitely generated groups satisfying various new phenomena for actions on the line, related to their rigidity/flexibility properties and to the structure of (path‐)connected components of the space of actions.
Morse numbers of complex polynomials
Authors: Maxim Laurenţiu , Tibăr Mihai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo a complex polynomial function with arbitrary singularities, we associate the number of Morse points in a general linear Morsification . We produce computable algebraic formulae in terms of invariants of for the numbers of stratwise Morse trajectories that abut, as , to some point of the space or at infinity.
Kif1a and intact microtubules maintain synaptic‐vesicle populations at ribbon synapses in zebrafish hair cells
Authors: David Sandeep , Pinter Katherine , Nguyen Keziah‐Khue , Lee David S. , Lei Zhengchang , Sokolova Yuliya , Sheets Lavinia , Kindt Katie S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSensory hair cells of the inner ear utilize specialized ribbon synapses to transmit sensory stimuli to the central nervous system. This transmission necessitates rapid and sustained neurotransmitter release, which depends on a large pool of synaptic vesicles at the hair‐cell presynapse. While previous work in neurons has shown that kinesin motor proteins traffic synaptic material along microtubules to the presynapse, the mechanisms of this process in hair cells remain unclear. Our study demonstrates that the kinesin motor protein Kif1a, along with an intact microtubule network, is essential for enriching synaptic vesicles at the presynapse in hair cells. Through genetic and pharmacological approaches, we disrupt Kif1a function and impair microtubule networks in hair cells of the zebrafish lateral‐line system. These manipulations led to a significant reduction in synaptic‐vesicle populations at the presynapse in hair cells. Using electron microscopy, in vivo calcium imaging, and electrophysiology, we show that a diminished supply of synaptic vesicles adversely affects ribbon‐synapse function. Kif1aa mutants exhibit dramatic reductions in spontaneous vesicle release and evoked postsynaptic calcium responses. Furthermore, kif1aa mutants exhibit impaired rheotaxis, a behaviour reliant on the ability of hair cells in the lateral line to respond to sustained flow stimuli. Overall, our results demonstrate that Kif1a‐mediated microtubule transport is critical to enrich synaptic vesicles at the active zone, a process that is vital for proper ribbon‐synapse function in hair cells.
imageKey points
Kif1a mRNAs are present in zebrafish hair cells.
Loss of Kif1a disrupts the enrichment of synaptic vesicles at ribbon synapses.
Disruption of microtubules depletes synaptic vesicles at ribbon synapses.
Kif1aa mutants have impaired ribbon‐synapse and sensory‐system function.
CD4 downregulation precedes Env expression and protects HIV-1-infected cells from ADCC mediated by non-neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Richard Jonathan , Sannier Gérémy , Zhu Li , Prévost Jérémie , Marchitto Lorie , Benlarbi Mehdi , Beaudoin-Bussières Guillaume , Kim Hongil , Sun Yaping , Chatterjee Debashree , Medjahed Halima , Bourassa Catherine , Delgado Gloria-Gabrielle , Dubé Mathieu , Kirchhoff Frank , Hahn Beatrice H. , Kumar Priti , Kaufmann Daniel E. , Finzi Andrés 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) conformation substantially impacts antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Envs from primary HIV-1 isolates adopt a prefusion “closed” conformation, which is targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). CD4 binding drives Env into more “open” conformations, which are recognized by non-neutralizing Abs (nnAbs). To better understand Env–Ab and Env–CD4 interaction in CD4+ T cells infected with HIV-1, we simultaneously measured antibody binding and HIV-1 mRNA expression using multiparametric flow cytometry and RNA flow fluorescent
in situ
hybridization (FISH) techniques. We observed that
env
mRNA is almost exclusively expressed by HIV-1 productively infected cells that already downmodulated CD4. This suggests that CD4 downmodulation precedes
env
mRNA expression. Consequently, productively infected cells express “closed” Envs on their surface, which renders them resistant to nnAbs. Cells recognized by nnAbs were all
env
mRNA negative, indicating Ab binding through shed gp120 or virions attached to their surface. Consistent with these findings, treatment of HIV-1-infected humanized mice with the ADCC-mediating nnAb A32 failed to lower viral replication or reduce the size of the viral reservoir. These findings confirm the resistance of productively infected CD4+ T cells to nnAbs-mediated ADCC and question the rationale of immunotherapy approaches using this strategy.

IMPORTANCE

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) represents an effective immune response for clearing virally infected cells, making ADCC-mediating antibodies promising therapeutic candidates for HIV-1 cure strategies. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) target epitopes present on the native "closed" envelope glycoprotein (Env), while non-neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs) recognize epitopes exposed upon Env–CD4 interaction. Here, we provide evidence that
env
mRNA is predominantly expressed by productively infected cells that have already downmodulated cell-surface CD4. This indicates that CD4 downmodulation by HIV-1 precedes Env expression, making productively infected cells resistant to ADCC mediated by nnAbs but sensitive to those mediated by bnAbs. These findings offer critical insights for the development of immunotherapy-based strategies aimed at targeting and eliminating productively infected cells in people living with HIV.