bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Afferent and efferent projections of the anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus in the mouse
Authors: Cádiz‐Moretti Bernardita , Abellán‐Álvaro María , Pardo‐Bellver Cecília , Martínez‐García Fernando , Lanuza Enrique 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus (ACo) is a chemosensory area of the cortical amygdala that receives afferent projections from both the main and accessory olfactory bulbs. The role of this structure is unknown, partially due to a lack of knowledge of its connectivity. In this work, we describe the pattern of afferent and efferent projections of the ACo by using fluorogold and biotinylated dextranamines as retrograde and anterograde tracers, respectively. The results show that the ACo is reciprocally connected with the olfactory system and basal forebrain, as well as with the chemosensory and basomedial amygdala. In addition, it receives dense projections from the midline and posterior intralaminar thalamus, and moderate projections from the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, mesocortical structures and the hippocampal formation. Remarkably, the ACo projects moderately to the central nuclei of the amygdala and anterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and densely to the lateral hypothalamus. Finally, minor connections are present with some midbrain and brainstem structures. The afferent projections of the ACo indicate that this nucleus might play a role in emotional learning involving chemosensory stimuli, such as olfactory fear conditioning. The efferent projections confirm this view and, given its direct output to the medial part of the central amygdala and the hypothalamic ‘aggression area’, suggest that the ACo can initiate defensive and aggressive responses elicited by olfactory or, to a lesser extent, vomeronasal stimuli.
Towards generating efficient flow solvers with the ExaStencils approach
Authors: Kuckuk Sebastian , Haase Gundolf , Vasco Diego A. , Köstler Harald 
Published: May 2017

SummaryExaStencils aims at providing intuitive interfaces for the specification of numerical problems and resulting solvers, particularly those from the class of (geometric) multigrid methods. It envisions a multi‐layered domain‐specific language and a sophisticated code generation framework ultimately emitting source code in a chosen target language. We present our recent advances in fully generating solvers applied to 3D fluid mechanics for nonisothermal/non‐Newtonian flows. In detail, a system of time‐dependent, nonlinear partial differential equations is discretized on a cubic, nonuniform, and staggered grid using finite volumes. We examine the contained problem of coupled Navier‐Stokes and temperature equations, which are linearized and solved using the SIMPLE algorithm and geometric multigrid solvers, as well as the incorporation of non‐Newtonian properties. Furthermore, we provide details on necessary extensions to our domain‐specific language and code generation framework, in particular, those concerning the handling of boundary conditions, support for nonequidistant staggered grids, and supplying specialized functions to express operations reoccurring in the scope of finite volume discretizations. Many of these enhancements are generalizable and thus suitable for utilization in similar projects. Lastly, we demonstrate the applicability of our code generation approach by providing convincing performance results for fully generated and automatically parallelized solvers.
HIDCC: A hybrid intrusion detection approach in cloud computing
Authors: Hatef Mohammad Amin , Shaker Vahid , Jabbarpour Mohammad Reza , Jung Jason , Zarrabi Houman 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe rapid growth of distributed computing systems that heavily communicate and interact with each other has raised the importance of confrontation against cyber intruders, attackers, and subversives. With respect to the emergence of cloud computing and its deployment all over the world, and because of its distributed and decentralized nature, a special security requirement is needed to protect this paradigm. Intrusion detection systems could differentiate usual and unusual behaviors by means of supervising, verifying, and controlling the configurations, log files, network traffic, user activities, and even the actions of different processes by which they could add new security dimensions to the cloud computing systems. The position of the intrusion detection mechanisms in cloud computing systems as well as the applied algorithms in those mechanisms are the 2 main factors in which many researches have focused on. The goal of those researches is to uncover intrusions as much as possible and to increase the rate and accuracy of detections while reducing the false warnings. Those solutions, however, mainly have high computational loads, low accuracy, and high implementation costs. In this paper, we present a comprehensive and accurate solution to detect and prevent intrusions in cloud computing systems by using a hybrid method, called HIDCC. The implementation results of the proposed method show that the intrusion coverage, intrusion detection accuracy, reliability, and availability in cloud computing systems are considerably increased, and false warnings are significantly reduced.
Reversible Photocontrol of Lipase Activity by Incorporating a Photoswitch into the Lid Domain
Authors: Liu Ying , Gao Xin , Wei Dongzhi , Ren Yuhong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPhotocontrol of enzymatic activity has become a helpful strategy to control biological processes. Herein, a method for the reversible photocontrol of lipase activity was developed by utilizing the conformational change of the lid structure. A bifunctional azobenzene derivative, whose trans/cis‐form photoisomerization processes could be used to control the folded and unfolded conformations of the α‐helix structure, was cross‐linked with two cysteine residues on the lid domain to achieve photocontrol of lipase activity. To screen for the optimum sites of cross‐linking, several cysteine‐replaced lipase variants were constructed. The variant C127C138 attached with a cross‐linker showed a threefold fully reversible activity change after illumination with UV and blue light. Furthermore, the structural change in the α‐helix of the lipase was confirmed by circular dichroism. This strategy could be applied for photocontrolling activity of other enzymes where an α‐helix is an important structural component.
Do plant populations on distinct inselbergs talk to each other? A case study of genetic connectivity of a bromeliad species in an Ocbil landscape
Authors: Hmeljevski Karina Vanessa , Nazareno Alison Gonçalves , Leandro Bueno Marcelo , dos Reis Maurício Sedrez , Forzza Rafaela Campostrini 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHere, we explore the historical and contemporaneous patterns of connectivity among Encholirium horridum populations located on granitic inselbergs in an Ocbil landscape within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, using both nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers. Beyond to assess the E. horridum population genetic structure, we built species distribution models across four periods (current conditions, mid‐Holocene, Last Glacial Maximum [LGM], and Last Interglacial) and inferred putative dispersal corridors using a least‐cost path analysis to elucidate biogeographic patterns. Overall, high and significant genetic divergence was estimated among populations for both nuclear and plastid DNA (ΦST(n) = 0.463 and ΦST(plastid) = 0.961, respectively, p < .001). For nuclear genome, almost total absence of genetic admixture among populations and very low migration rates were evident, corroborating with the very low estimates of immigration and emigration rates observed among E. horridum populations. Based on the cpDNA results, putative dispersal routes in Sugar Loaf Land across cycles of climatic fluctuations in the Quaternary period revealed that the populations’ connectivity changed little during those events. Genetic analyses highlighted the low genetic connectivity and long‐term persistence of populations, and the founder effect and genetic drift seemed to have been very important processes that shaped the current diversity and genetic structure observed in both genomes. The genetic singularity of each population clearly shows the need for in situ conservation of all of them.
Explaining unexplainable food choices
Authors: Adriaanse Marieke A. , Kroese Floor M. , Weijers Jonas , Gollwitzer Peter M. , Oettingen Gabriele 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn recent years, psychologists have started to investigate the downstream consequences of nonconsciously activated behaviour (acting in an ‘explanatory vacuum’). Results have shown that when such behaviour is norm‐violating, people experience a need to confabulate reasons for this behaviour. The present paper aims to add more convincing evidence for this assumption. Study 1 addresses this question by replicating Study 2 of Adriaanse, Weijers, De Ridder, De Witt Huberts, and Evers () while adding a condition in which people are post hoc provided with an explanation for their behaviour. Study 2 addresses this question by explicitly demanding an explanation for a nonconsciously steered choice. Both studies were conducted in the context of eating behaviour. Results of both studies were indicative of confabulation as a downstream consequence of nonconsciously steered eating behaviour (Study 1) or food choice (Study 2). Future research should address the potential of confabulated reasons spilling over to next occasions.
Value‐related goals and vocational choice: The effect of temporal distance
Authors: Elias Yaron , Nussinson Ravit , Roccas Sonia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis field study examines the importance that people assign to value‐related goals in their vocational decisions. We focused on the interactive effects of temporal distance from the vocational decision and the level of abstraction of the goal. Soldiers rated the importance of value‐related goals for their vocational choice following their release from military service. They were presented with value‐driven, abstract, decontextualized goals and with value‐driven, concrete, job‐related goals. For half, vocational choice was temporally close, and for the rest, it was temporally distant. Temporal distance from the vocational decision interacted with the level of abstraction of the goals in predicting their importance: When construed in the abstract, the goals were deemed more important if the vocational decision was distant. When construed concretely, the goals were deemed more important if the vocational decision was proximate.
Seeking revenge or seeking reconciliation? How concern for social‐image and felt shame helps explain responses in reciprocal intergroup conflict
Authors: Gausel Nicolay , Leach Colin Wayne , Mazziotta Agostino , Feuchte Friederike 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn conflicts with reciprocal violence, individuals belong to a group that has been both perpetrator and victim. In a field experiment in Liberia, West Africa, we led participants (N = 146) to focus on their group as either perpetrator or victim in order to investigate its effect on orientation towards inter‐group reconciliation or revenge. Compared to a perpetrator focus, a victim focus led to slightly more revenge orientation and moderately less reconciliation orientation. The effect of the focus manipulation on revenge orientation was fully mediated, and reconciliation orientation partly mediated, by viewing the in‐group's social‐image as at risk. Independent of perpetrator or victim focus, shame (but not guilt) was a distinct explanation of moderately more reconciliation orientation. This is consistent with a growing body of work demonstrating the pro‐social potential of shame. Taken together, results suggest how groups in reciprocal conflict might be encouraged towards reconciliation and away from revenge by feeling shame for their wrongdoing and viewing their social‐image as less at risk. As victims and perpetrators are widely thought to have different orientations to inter‐group reconciliation and revenge, we suggest that work on reciprocal conflicts should account for the fact that people can belong to a group that has been both perpetrator and victim.
High self‐monitors modulate their responses as a function of relevant social roles
Authors: Adams Katherine E. , Tyler James M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe reasoned that high self‐monitors' responses may be influenced by the characteristic traits and behaviors associated with social roles. Results across four studies confirmed expectations. The findings from Experiments 1, 2, and 3 demonstrated that exposure to a particular role (e.g., nurse) led high self‐monitors to respond in a manner consistent with the relevant role. Results from Experiment 4 showed that the effect found in the first three experiments was attenuated when the behavioral guidance of the particular role was reduced. Low self‐monitors' responses were not influenced by exposure to the role. Showing that high self‐monitors use information embedded in a social role to tailor their behavior provides a novel finding that has heretofore been absent from the literature.
Does intergroup contact affect personality? A longitudinal study on the bidirectional relationship between intergroup contact and personality traits
Authors: Vezzali Loris , Turner Rhiannon , Capozza Dora , Trifiletti Elena 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe conducted a longitudinal study to test whether, in addition to being predicted by personality, intergroup contact is longitudinally associated with personality traits. Participants were 388 majority (Italian) and 109 minority (immigrant) first‐year high school students. Results revealed a bidirectional relationship between contact and personality: Quality of contact was longitudinally associated with greater agreeableness and openness to experience, whereas agreeableness and openness to experience were longitudinal predictors of contact quality. An unexpected negative longitudinal association also emerged between quantity of contact and agreeableness. These effects were not moderated by group of belonging (majority vs. minority). Our findings highlight the importance of integrating research on intergroup contact with research on personality.
Development of a screening test based on isothermal calorimetry for determination of self‐heating potential of biomass pellets
Authors: Larsson Ida , Lönnermark Anders , Blomqvist Per , Persson Henry , Bohlén Haleh 
Published: May 2017

SummaryFor the risk for spontaneous combustion in storage of biomass pellets to be assessed, it is important to know how prone the fuel is to self‐heating. There are traditional methods that are used to determine self‐heating characteristics of fuels, eg, basket heating tests. The results from basket heating tests indirectly give the reactivity from a series of tests at high temperatures. This paper presents a sensitive screening test procedure for biomass pellets using isothermal calorimetry for direct measurement of the heat production rate at typical bulk storage temperatures. This method can be used to directly compare the reactivity of different batches of biomass pellets. The results could be used, eg, by storage security managers to gain better knowledge of their fuels propensity for self‐heating and thereby for safer storage.A large number of tests have been performed to develop the test procedure presented. Different parameters, such as temperature, type of the test sample (powder/crushed or pellets), mass of test sample, and preheating time, have been varied. Furthermore, gas concentrations in the sample ampoule have been measured before and after some tests to study the oxygen consumption and the formation of CO and CO2. Three different types of pellets with different characteristics were tested to assess the variation in behaviour.Based on these tests, a screening test procedure is presented with a test temperature of 60°C, a sample size of 4 g, a 15‐minute preheating period at the test temperature, and 24‐hour test duration.
Stem Cell Therapy: A New Therapeutic Option for Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Goradel Nasser Hashemi , Hour Farshid Ghiyami‐ , Negahdari Babak , Malekshahi Ziba Vaisi , Hashemzehi Milad , Masoudifar Aria , Mirzaei Hamed 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTCardiovascular diseases are known as one of major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the many advancement in therapies are associated with cardiovascular diseases, it seems that finding of new therapeutic option is necessary. Cell therapy is one of attractive therapeutic platforms for treatment of a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. Among of various types of cell therapy, stem cell therapy has been emerged as an effective therapeutic approach in this area. Stem cells divided into multipotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells. A large number studies indicated that utilization of each of them are associated with a variety of advantages and disadvantages. Multiple lines evidence indicated that stem cell therapy could be used as suitable therapeutic approach for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Many clinical trials have been performed for assessing efficiency of stem cell therapies in human. However, stem cell therapy are associated with some challenges, but, it seems resolving of them could contribute to using of them as effective therapeutic approach for patients who suffering from cardiovascular diseases. In the current review, we summarized current therapeutic strategies based on stem cells for cardiovascular diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 95–104, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
M2BPGi as a potential diagnostic tool of cirrhosis in Chinese patients with Hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Wei Bin , Feng Shu , Chen Enqiang , Li Dongdong , Wang Tingting , Gou Yu , Yang Tingting , Zhang Dongmei , Tao Chuanmin , Tang Hong 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundM2BPGi is a novel serum glycobiomarker of liver fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of M2BPGi for predicting liver fibrosis and disease progression in Chinese hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients.MethodsWe enrolled 228 HBV infected patients with different status of liver fibrosis diagnosed using FibroScan. We analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of M2BPGi, and compared it with AST‐to‐platelet ratio (APRI), FIB‐4 index, AST to ALT ratio (AAR), and RDW to platelet ratio (RPR). We performed receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) to evaluate the diagnostic performance of M2BPGi for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis.ResultsMedian M2BPGi values in each fibrosis stage were: 0.88 cut‐off index (COI) in F0‐1, 1.165 in F2‐3, and 1.92 in F4 (P<.01), respectively. For F≥2, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of M2BPGi were 72.28%, 73.23%, 66.67%, while 55.07%, 93.71%, 82.02% for F≥4. For predicting significant fibrosis (≥F2), M2BPGi showed comparable performance to FIB4 index (P<.01), APRI (P<.01) and RPR (P<.01) with area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.788. M2BPGi was superior to other surrogate markers for diagnosing cirrhosis (F4) with the highest AUC of 0.811 (P<.01).ConclusionsM2BPGi levels increased with the progression of liver fibrosis in HBV infected patients. M2BPGi can be served as a potential glycobiomarker to assess the stage of liver fibrosis, especially for the diagnosis of cirrhosis.
Biochemical characterisation and dominance of different hydrolases in different types of Daqu – a Chinese industrial fermentation starter
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Chen Jingyu , Fan Yi , Huang Xiaoning , Han Beizhong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDDaqu is a fermentative saccharification agent that is used to initiate fermentation in the production of Chinese liquor and vinegar. This study investigated the differences of amylase, protease and esterase in dominance of different types of Daqu, which can be useful for quality control and flavor improvement of Daqu production by enzyme technology.RESULTSHydrolase activities in different Daqu samples were compared by principal component analysis (PCA). Based on protein electrophoresis and 1H NMR spectroscopy, the protein patterns and metabolites in Daqu were further analysed. The results indicated that the highest amylase activities and diversities were found in low/medium‐temperature of Daqu which had light‐flavour and strong‐flavour. Proteases play a significant role in determining the quality of high‐temperature Daqu samples which had a sauce‐flavour. Furthermore, the contributions of esterase to both strong and sauce flavour development in high‐temperature Daqu are similar.CONCLUSIONResults from the present work showed that differences in amylase, protease and esterase play a leading role in different types of Daqu, which can be useful for quality control and technology development of Daqu. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in mineral elements and starch quality of grains during the improvement of japonica rice cultivars
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yu Chao , Hou Danping , Liu Hailang , Zhang Huiting , Tao Rongrong , Cai Han , Gu Junfei , Liu Lijun , Zhang Zujian , Wang Zhiqin , Yang Jianchang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe improvement of rice cultivars plays an important role in yield increase. However, little is known about the changes in starch quality and mineral elements during the improvement of rice cultivars. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in starch quality and mineral elements in japonica rice cultivars.RESULTSTwelve typical rice cultivars, applied in the production in Jiangsu province during the last 60 years, were grown in the paddy fields. These cultivars were classified into six types according to their application times, plant types and genotypes. The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and, and potassium (K) were mainly distributed in endosperm, bran and bran, respectively. Secondary and micromineral nutrients were distributed throughout grains. With the improvement of cultivars, total N contents gradually decreased, while total P, K and magnesium contents increased in grains. Total copper and zinc contents in type 80'S in grains were highest. The improvement of cultivars enhanced palatability (better gelatinisation enthalpy and amylose content), taste (better protein content) and protein quality (better protein components and essential amino acids). Correlation analysis indicated the close relationship between mineral elements and starch quality.CONCLUSIONThe mineral elements and starch quality of grains during the improvement of japonica rice cultivars are improved. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Cereal bars produced with banana peel flour: evaluation of acceptability and sensory profile
Authors: Carvalho Vania Silva , Conti‐Silva Ana Carolina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDA mixture design was used to investigate the effects of banana peel flour, rice flakes and oat flour on sensory acceptability of cereal bars, with subsequent evaluation of sensory profile of products identified as having high acceptability.RESULTSRegions of greater response for acceptability of the cereal bars, which are dependent on the three investigated components, were found. Although having good acceptability, sensory profiles of cereal bars were different. A cereal bar with the lowest quantity of banana peel flour was described as having a higher amount of rice flakes, chewiness and crispness, while formulations with intermediate and highest quantities of banana peel flour were described by darker color, higher banana aroma and bitter taste. Contrary to expectations, banana flavor of cereal bar with highest quantity of banana peel flour was lower than cereal bars with intermediate quantities. Cereal bars were not different in terms of hardness and adhesiveness and they also had a similar sweet taste and oat flavor.CONCLUSIONThe use of banana peel flour in production of cereal bars is feasible and, even with different sensory profiles, cereal bars with banana peel flour are acceptable, which may favor the development of new products for different market niches. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry