bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black Box: The Reduction and Mystification of the Menstrual Cycle in Western School and Medical Education
Authors: KING SALLY 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A review of UK school biology, general medical, and gynaecological physiology textbooks revealed that the menstrual cycle is almost universally depicted as ‘fluctuations’ in hormone levels. This highly abstract and reductive Western biomedical model omits key information about the purpose and physiology of the three main processes involved in the cycle (ovulation, spontaneous decidualisation, and menstruation). By doing so, alternative physiological factors in embodied cyclical experiences are obscured, resulting in a tendency to attribute causation to reproductive hormones, despite ample contradictory evidence. The omission also positions the female body as inherently mysterious, which limits clinical research and practice regarding the diagnosis and treatment of menstrual health issues. What is more, the hormonal model reproduces persistent gender myths regarding women’s health, role, and status in society. It is, therefore, crucially important that more comprehensive menstrual physiology be taught across all educational contexts, to improve menstrual health and wellbeing, clinical research and practice, and to help counter sexist discourses and gender discrimination.
God in Hobbes
Authors: SILVER VICTORIA 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In Leviathan, Hobbes seeks to circumvent what he understands to be the singular cause of the English Civil Wars – the human presumption to dogmatise about the one true God of Scripture. He therefore denies our capacity to know and understand a deity incommensurable with our embodied condition and sensory experience by which, he thinks, we make intelligible meaning for each other. The name ‘God’ thus functions in the book as a kind of cipher for the conceptual boundary between what Scripture says about deity, and the often illegitimate – because insignificant – inferences we want to draw from it. Besides his desire to prevent civil war, Hobbes has a philosophical motive for removing God from the notional equation of sign and signified, which is ruthlessly to eliminate the category of ‘the spiritual’ – understood as ‘the impalpable’ or ‘immaterial’ – from our semantic register and leave ‘the corporeal’ in undisputed charge of what is allowed to make sense in the civil world. But Hobbes insists that the lone relation between God and the world is one of necessity, which for Bishop Bramhall not only turns the one true God into a tyrant, but compromises the very distinction Leviathan takes such considerable pains to establish.
Providence in Browne
Authors: AUGUSTINE MATTHEW C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter situates the providential rhetoric of Thomas Browne’s Religio Medici (1642/3) amidst the ‘war of words’ in which the Norwich physician’s essay adventitiously appeared but nevertheless took part. More briefly, the chapter explores the continuities and discontinuities of Browne’s traffic in the language and doctrine of Providence across his publications of the 1640s as compared to those of the later 1650s, to see if we might learn something of how Browne, a Royalist and a lover of the established church, made sense of the upheavals and dislocations of these decades. To do so, it considers the ways in which the doctrine of Providence traversed and transected the fields of medicine, natural philosophy, politics, and religion in 17th-century England.
Freedom in Early Quaker Tracts
Authors: KEEBLE N H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The first Quakers construed ‘freedom’ not in the constitutional, political, or military terms of other revolutionary texts of the time but as experiential and subjective, a state to be achieved through following ‘Christ within’, ‘the ‘light within’. John 8:32 (‘ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free’) informed a conviction that divine grace released the convinced from dependence upon external authorities and empowered them to determine for themselves what was demanded by their consciences. This Quaker freedom was available to the powerless, both men and women, and not in the gift of, nor conditional upon compliance with, the will of social and political superiors. Nevertheless, while it asserted an indifference to public affairs, conscience brought early Quakers into repeated conflict with worldly authorities leading to a tensions between Quakerism’s avowed unworldliness and its repeated political interventions, until, in Robert Barclay, it achieved a more muted and accommodating conception of freedom.
Law in Clarendon
Authors: HAMMOND PAUL 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In his History of the Rebellion, Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, charted the ways in which due process of law was flouted, first by the King in the years leading up to the Civil War, and then by Parliament, which increasingly defined ‘law’ (and especially ‘treason’) to suit its own purposes. The rights, property, and lives of subjects became subject to the arbitrary decisions of the managers of Parliament. Clarendon’s analysis reveals how arguments over the law were also arguments over who would wield power. Extra-judicial punishments, including executions, became a feature of life under Parliament and the Protectorate.
Nature in Cowley
Authors: WRIGHT GILLIAN 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nature was an important concept for Abraham Cowley throughout his career. While his preoccupation with Nature is perhaps most evident in his juvenilia and post-Restoration work, it can also be traced in his poetry of the 1640s and 1650s, as documented in his collected Poems of 1656. References to Nature can be found in all four sections of the volume: ‘Miscellanies’, ‘The Mistress’, the ‘Pindarique Odes’ and the Davideis. While allusions in ‘Miscellanies’ and ‘The Mistress’ are mainly conventional, they show a marked bias towards positive cultural associations. In contrast, references to Nature in the ‘Pindarique Odes’ seem increasingly pessimistic, and may be linked with Cowley’s political misfortunes in the 1650s. Allusions in the Davideis gesture towards two topics that would be of increasing interest to Cowley in the 1660s: beleaguered friendship, and Nature as the object of scientific enquiry.
The King in the Parliamentary Debates of 1657
Authors: HUNT ALICE 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the spring of 1657, Parliament formally offered Oliver Cromwell the title of king. As is well known, Cromwell refused the title, after much deliberation and searching of his conscience. This chapter tracks the word ‘king’ through the great business of the offer of the crown that defined the year of 1657, beginning with the debates in Parliament. It then traces ‘king’ through the records of the several meetings that took place between Cromwell and the committee of 99 MPs, charged with the task of persuading Cromwell. While the kingship crisis of 1657 and its outcome are well known, the ways in which contemporaries understood and defined ‘king’ are worth closer scrutiny. The Parliamentary debates of 1657 put such intense pressure on the word that we are able to witness it being pulled apart, and recast in a different mould.
The People in Royalist Women’s Writing
Authors: CONNOLLY RUTH 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the Royalist framing of the ‘people’ with particular attention to the work of Royalist women poets such as Hester Pulter. Poetry had been used as a privileged medium for Royalist ideas since the 1630s, and the mode was adapted further to fight the wars of the pen in the 1640s. Attending to the question of the ‘people’ in Royalist women’s poetry asks questions of how the idea of the ‘people’ is refracted through the lenses of genre; gender; and, given the elite status of so many Royalist female poets, rank. What stock of ideas, symbols, and images did lyric and emblematic verse offer to stabilise an idea of the ‘people’? How were the paradoxes of a people made up of loyal subjects and ‘giddy heads’ recognised or negotiated? How do a group of female writers grapple with a concept of a people that on all sides was presumed only as a body of men?
Conscience in Marvell
Authors: MOTTRAM STEWART 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Andrew Marvell today enjoys a reputation as a Restoration champion of religious freedom, but this reputation can seem out of step with Marvell’s more outspoken attacks on Protestant sects in his Commonwealth poems, and with his ambivalent approach, in Upon Appleton House (1651), to Thomas Fairfax’s conscientious objections to war. What, then, was Marvell’s position on conscience, and how far did it change with the prevailing political winds? This chapter brings Marvell’s Commonwealth poems and Restoration prose into dialogue with each other, with Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan (1651), and with wider mid-century debates over the relative rights of governments to curb private conscience in the interests of public need. It argues that Marvell’s position on conscience remained constant throughout his career, and that it was characterised by support for a Protestant consensus or comprehension of private religious opinions under the ‘public conscience’ of government, not by support for freedom of conscience per se.
Conscience and Nation in Milton 1640–1660
Authors: SAUER ELIZABETH 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the shifting significances of the keyword ‘conscience’ in relation to ‘community’ and ‘nation’ in several mid-century writings by Milton and his contemporaries. A history of Milton’s definitions and deployments of the term ‘conscience’ will demonstrate that his defences and public credos are grounded in political philosophy and a politicised theology. Milton adjusts the terms of conscience in line with and in opposition to the directions pursued by the national church and the political establishments during the Civil Wars and Interregnum. Mapped here are the ways Milton drew his own battle lines in the revolution and its immediate aftermath through the discourse of conscience, which connected and clashed with its cognates in the various contexts and forums where it was utilised as a watchword (a military password). The poet-polemicist’s identification of the nation with the campaign for conscience and with a corresponding resistance to a settled religion and nation-state fuelled the wars over conscience – ‘a word of … infinite dispute’ – and, correspondingly, over how England’s destiny should be written.
Animating the Living Dead
Authors: Moreno-Almeida Cristina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on depictions of marginalised young people through Moroccan animated cartoons. It shows how unprivileged young Moroccan men are often accused of being violent and are particularly demonised according to their ‘looks’. In this way, these young people are cornered into what Achille Mbembe refers to as deathscapes, where young people are forced to live as the living dead. The chapter examines how visual artists have illustrated the deathscape through deformed characters named as ‘trash’. Questioning the borders between life and death, the figure of the zombie allows us to analyse cartoons of everyday life in urban centres. While perhaps emphasising dominant stereotypes, these artists also offer a way of rendering these ‘unproper’ youths visible and therefore enable them to escape from the traps designed to keep them from altering the prevailing ‘normality’.
Policing the Borders of Abnormality
Authors: Moreno-Almeida Cristina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines what it means to cross the boundaries of monstrosity through what René Girard calls abnormality to think about monsters and masters as interchangeable and sometimes complementary categories. With a focus on politics and aesthetics, this chapter analyses the role of digital culture in igniting and negotiating fear of the monster. It explores the construction of borders, whether these be between the people and the elites, or between art and politics. In understanding digital culture within and beyond what has been known as artivism, the chapter looks at how the people have employed social media networks and digital artefacts to scare the elites. This power has rendered some memes as vibrant matter. As thing-power, some memes are effective in warning of and policing content that might cross the lines of acceptability and legality.
Diaries of a Monstrous Woman
Authors: Moreno-Almeida Cristina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter elaborates an intersectional analysis of gender and class in the digital sphere. In particular it explores the case of unprivileged Moroccan women who have YouTube channels to which they upload videos showing themselves performing their daily household chores. With some of the women dressing in a way considered indecent in a public setting, the routini lyawmi (which translates as my daily routine) channels have prompted national debates on women and the limits of their social media lives. Demonised by some as digital prostitution but with thousands of views, seen through the lens of horror these videos reveal the fears and desire of the patriarchal system. While the traditional home is believed to be a space created by ‘good’ women, once a familiar and a protected space, in the digital realm, this home emerges as alienating, fearful, and unheimlich (interpreted as ‘un-homely’) by the manosphere.
E-Petitions to Parliaments: Why Processes Matter
Authors: Leston-Bandeira Cristina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
E-petitions have emerged as a global phenomenon since the late 20th century as a key tool for citizen participation, particularly with legislatures. This chapter, in addressing the question of how to define e-petitions, argues that it is the process that makes the e-petition. First, the chapter considers some of the challenges that e-petitions present to legislatures, particularly when compared to older traditions of paper petitions. Even so, parliaments have increasingly adopted e-petitions; however, these have varied considerably in form and process. The key point is that e-petitions as a form of participation cannot be judged on their own (whether they are ‘successful’ or not in achieving their aims), because what e-petitions are and what they can achieve is defined by the ‘petitions system’ that receives them. The ‘petitions system’ can be defined as the formal, institutional procedures, practices, and rules for receiving, considering, and processing e-petitions. E-petitions to parliaments can play four roles – linkage, campaigning, scrutiny, and policy – but the extent to which they perform these is contingent on the specific context of the ‘e-petition system’. Unofficial e-petitions sites can effectively disseminate petitions and aggregate signatures, but by definition are not integrated with legislative processes, limiting their potential impact.
Petitioning in Transition: Switzerland, 1481–1891
Authors: Würgler Andreas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Switzerland provides a microcosm of important changes and continuities within the virtually universal phenomenon of petitions and petitioning from the early modern period to the 19th century. While most petitions were submitted by individuals, collective petitions can be associated with protest and revolt. As elsewhere in Europe, petitions shifted from corporate and specific grievances to individually signed mass petitions on general issues. While petitioning was merely an accepted practice up to the 18th century, it then became a constitutional right: first during the short-lived Helvetic Republic (1798–1803) and then on a regional level in the liberal cantons from 1830/1 and on the national level in the constitution of 1848. In the 1860s, the ‘democratic movement’ (a specifically Swiss phenomenon) succeeded – by petitioning – to establish the ‘Referendum’ – the people’s right to initiate a vote about a new law passed by the Parliament and possibly reject the law by vote – and the ‘Initiative’ – the right to force a vote about a newly proposed constitutional article or even about a totally revised constitution – in many cantons and on the national level (1874 and 1891). These elements of ‘direct democracy’ superseded petitions in Swiss political culture in many respects – but not completely.
‘Extraordinary how potent cheap music is’: Memory, Nostalgia, and Affect in Gaito Gazdanov’s An Evening with Claire
Authors: Bullock Philip Ross 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The first part of this chapter sets out the historical context of ‘Russia Abroad’ after the October Revolution, highlighting both the need to consider music as well as literature in this period and the ambivalent attitude of Russian émigrés towards popular culture. Against this conflicted backdrop, the second part of the chapter turns to the émigré writer Gaito Gazdanov and to his first novel Vecher u Kler (An Evening with Claire), published in 1930. Via discussion of the novel’s quotation of a popular 1920s French song, sung by the maid of the eponymous Claire, the chapter concludes by reflecting on Proustian aspects of Gazdanov’s novel. In particular, it aligns the implicit challenge to established aesthetic hierarchies through the recognition of the value of popular song in Vecher u Kler with Marcel Proust’s early essay ‘Éloge de la mauvaise musique’ (‘In Praise of Bad Music’).
Songs of Triumph: Claude McKay, Sonic Subcultures, and the Opéra-Comique
Authors: Huxley Hannah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses songs in two novels by Harlem Renaissance poet Claude McKay, Home to Harlem (1928) and Banjo (1929), within the context of McKay’s own travels and other life experiences, especially as narrated in his autobiography A Long Way From Home (1937) and as testified by fellow writers and editors such as Langston Hughes. It demonstrates the eclecticism of McKay’s musical sources of inspiration, from jazz and blues to opera and opéra-comique. Destabilising hierarchical assumptions, it suggests that rather than perceiving jazz as a subculture in McKay’s fiction, we ought to approach the opéra-comique as the subcultural force in these novels. Finally, it offers thought-provoking reflections on the fragmentation and repetition of songs in McKay’s novels.
Afterword: The Song Pact – How the Novel Sings
Authors: Kramer Lawrence 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Afterword proposes that novelists who cite songs, most often art songs or arias, typically write for a preferred reader who shares the author’s cultural frame of reference. The reader’s recognition of the song becomes the basis of a “song pact” through which the reader and the author (the actual author, not a fictional persona) form a bond of mutual trust. This bond also parallels the bond(s) formed through shared song between characters in a novel. Examples include the aria ‘Nessun maggior dolore’ from Giacomo Rossini’s Otello and Ludwig von Beethoven’s concert aria ‘Ah, Perfido’ in George Eliot’s Daniel Deronda (1876); Beethoven’s ‘Adelaide’ in Willa Cather’s The Song of the Lark (1915); and Henry’s Purcell’s ‘Dido’s Lament’ in Sebastian Barry’s The Temporary Gentleman (2014). The song pact has a parallel in novelistic citations of instrumental music, very often of music by Beethoven.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ГРАЖДАНСТВЕННОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ВЫСШЕГО ИНОЯЗЫЧНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Герфанова Э.Ф. , Рудик З.Ф. , Жанабилова Д.Ж. 
Published: October 2024

Идея формирования гражданской культуры в межкультурном аспекте отображает тенденции развития современного общества и стимулирует поиск способов и средств ее формирования в процессе профессиональной подготовки будущих специалистов. В глобализированном мире, где государства имеют тесные экономические, политические, социальные, образовательные и культурные связи, гражданство и гражданственность начинают рассматриваться в более широкой перспективе, с точки зрения межкультурного взаимодействия. В качестве необходимых навыков и способностей гражданина определяются открытость, готовность к диалогу, принятие точек зрения других людей. Авторы статьи рассматривают понятие «межкультурная гражданственность» и анализируют основные положения концепции межкультурной гражданственности.
В статье представлена модель формирования межкультурной гражданственности обучающихся, состоящая из четырёх взаимосвязанных блоков: целевого, содержательного, технологического и оценочно-результативного. Целевой блок отражает цель предлагаемой модели, а именно формирование межкультурной гражданственности обучающихся средствами иностранного языка. Содержательный блок представлен единством трех основных компонентов: реляционного, критического и гражданского. Технологический блок модели включает в себя этапы формирования межкультурной гражданственности, а именно: ценностно-мотивационный, процессуально-деятельностный, аналитико-рефлексивный. Каждый этап направлен на формирование определенного типа умений в процессе решения поставленных учебных задач. Оценочно-результативный блок модели отражает достижение ожидаемого результата обучения по выделенным критериям сформированности межкультурной гражданственности: аффективно-мотивационному, когнитивному и деятельностному. Предлагаемая модель была апробирована в ходе экспериментально-опытной работы. На основе статистической обработки данных получены положительные результаты. Результаты экспериментально-опытной работы обосновали эффективность разработанной методической модели формирования межкультурной гражданственности обучающихся.
Meningkatkan Perilaku Peduli Lingkungan Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Melalui Pemanfaatan Media Loose Parts
Authors: Sumiati Yati , Widiyastuti Arie , Priyanti Nina Yuminar 
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui atau menganalisis peningkatan perilaku peduli lingkungan pada anak usia 5-6 tahun pada KB DOA BANGSA 5 Sukabumi.Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan pemanfaatan media Loose Parts terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan rasa kepedulian anak terhadap lingkungan. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam kepedulian anak terhadap lingkungan, hal ini di buktikan pada pencapaian Berkembang Sesuai Harapan ( BSH) prasiklus sekitar 12,49%,perkembangan pencapaian pada siklus pertama meningkat 66,67 % dan pada siklus kedua meningkat lagi menjadi 75% .Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan menerapkan pembelajaran dengan mengintegrasikan konsep peduli lingkungan terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran anak anak usia dini. Peran guru dan orang tua sangat penting untuk membentuk sikap peduli lingkungan pada anak. Dengan penelitian yang memanfaatkan media Loose Parts untuk meningkatkan perilaku Peduli Lingkungan anak usia 5-6 tahun pada KB DOA BANGSA 5 Sukabumi di nyatakan berhasil.