bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience of Using Shear Wave Elastography Imaging in Evaluation of Undescended Testes in Children
Authors: Durmaz Mehmet Sedat , Sivri Mesut , Sekmenli Tamer , Kocaoğlu Canan , Çiftçi İlhan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe aimed to determine the difference in tissue stiffness, which might reflect histologic damage, by comparing the potential of the shear wave elastography (SWE) values of operated undescended testes (OUT) with those of undescended testes (UT) and normal testes. A total of 120 patients (235 testes) were enrolled in the current study. Quantitative SWE values were measured by manually drawing contours of the entire testis structure with a free region of interest. A group of 66 OUT were classified as group A. Operation age and the period passed over the operation time and SWE values were compared among the testes assigned to group A. The 50 testes having inguinal canal placement were classified as group B, and the 119 testes whose sonography findings were normal were classified as group C. These 3 groups were compared in terms of the SWE values and volume. The SWE values of group A were significantly higher than those of groups B and C (P< 0.001). The SWE values of group B were significantly higher than those of group C (P< 0.001). The SWE values of OUT were significantly higher than those of the contralateral normal testes and UT (P< 0.001). There were no significant differences among operation age and period passed over the operation time and SWE values in the OUT (P> 0.05). There was no significant correlation between SWE values and testes' volume (P> 0.05). The SWE technique can be used effectively as a new parameter to assess stiffness of the OUT and UT to predict interstitial fibrosis and the severity of histologic damage.
Rituximab Induction to Prevent the Recurrence of PSC After Liver Transplantation—The Lessons Learned From ABO-Incompatible Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Yamada Yohei , Hoshino Ken , Fuchimoto Yasushi , Matsubara Kentaro , Hibi Taizo , Yagi Hiroshi , Abe Yuta , Shinoda Masahiro , Kitago Minoru , Obara Hideaki , Yagi Takahito , Okajima Hideaki , Kaido Toshimi , Uemoto Shinji , Suzuki Tatsuya , Kubota Keiichi , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Maehara Yoshihiko , Inomata Yukihiro , Kitagawa Yuko , Egawa Hiroto , Kuroda Tatsuo 
Published: January 2018

Background
Multiple studies have failed to reveal an effective method for preventing the recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) after liver transplantation (LTx). A national study conducted in Japan revealed several risk factors for the recurrence after living donor LTx (LDLTx); however, recipients of ABO-blood type incompatible (ABO-I) LTx were excluded from the previous analysis. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of an immunosuppressive protocol in ABO-I LTx on the recurrence of PSC after LDLTx.

Methods
We conducted a national survey and analyzed the outcome of recipients who underwent ABO-I LDLTx for PSC (n = 12) between 1994 and 2010 in 9 centers and compared the outcome with that of ABO-compatible LDLTx for PSC (n = 96). The key elements of the immunosuppressive regimen in ABO-I LTx are plasma exchange sessions to remove existing antibodies, and the use of immunosuppression to control humoral immunity. Rituximab was added to the immunosuppression regimen from 2006 onward; 5 patients received rituximab perioperatively.

Results
All 7 recipients who underwent ABO-I LDLTx before 2006 (who did not receive rituximab) died of infection (n = 3), antibody-mediated rejection (n = 1), ABO-incompatibility associated cholangiopathy (n = 1) or recurrence of PSC (n = 2). In contrast, we found that all 5 recipients from 2006 (who were treated with rituximab) retained an excellent graft function for more than 7 years without any recurrence of PSC.

Conclusions
The findings of this study shed light on the efficacy of a novel strategy to prevent the recurrence of PSC and the possible mechanisms provided by rituximab treatment are discussed.
Rapid Differentiation of Epithelial Cell Types in Forensic Samples Using Intrinsic Fluorescence and Morphological Signatures
Authors: Brocato Emily R. , Philpott M. Katherine , Connon Catherine C. , Ehrhardt Christopher J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEstablishing the tissue source of epithelial cells within a biological sample is an important capability for forensic laboratories. In this study we used Imaging Flow Cytometry (IFC) to analyze individual cells recovered from buccal, contact epithelial, and vaginal samples that had been dried between 24 hours and more than eight weeks. Measurements capturing the size, shape, and fluorescent properties of cells were collected in an automated manner and then used to build a multivariate statistical framework for differentiating cells based on tissue type. Results showed that cell populations from the three tissue types could be differentiated using a Discriminant Function plot of IFC measurements. Epidermal cells were distinguished from vaginal and buccal cells with an average classification accuracy of ~94%. Ultimately, cellular measurements such as these, which can be obtained non-destructively, may provide probative information for many types of biological samples and complement results from standard genetic profiling techniques.
Crystal structures of two tandem malectin-like receptor kinases involved in plant reproduction
Authors: Moussu Steven , Augustin Sebastian , Roman Andra Octavia , Broyart Caroline , Santiago Julia 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTA complex cell-to-cell communication between the male pollen tube and the female reproductive organs is required for plant fertilization. A family of Catharanthus roseus Receptor Kinase-1 ( CrRLK1L) membrane receptors has been genetically implicated in this process. Here we present crystal structures of the CrRLK1Ls ANXUR1 and 2 at 1.48 and 1.1 Å resolution, respectively. Our structures reveal a novel arrangement of two malectin-like domains connected by a short βhairpin linker and stabilized by calcium ions. The canonical carbohydrate interaction surfaces of related animal and bacterial carbohydrate binding modules are not conserved among plant CrRLK1Ls. In line with this, we failed to detect binding of chemically diverse oligosaccharides to ANXUR1 and HERCULES1. Instead, CrRLK1Ls have evolved a protein-protein interface between their malectin domains, which forms a deep cleft lined by highly conserved aromatic and polar residues. Analysis of the glycosylation pattern of different CrRLK1Ls and their oligomeric states together suggests that this cleft could resemble a binding site for a ligand required for CrRLK1Ls receptor activation.
Water stress and CO2concentration interactions affect carbon isotope signatures of leaf and phloem organic matter
Authors: Zhang Yonge , Yu Xinxiao , Chen Lihua , Jia Guodong , Li Hanzhi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInvestigation of δ13C of leaf and twig phloem water-soluble organic material (WSOM) is a promising approach for analysis of the effects of environmental factors on plant performance. In this study, orthogonal treatments of three CO2concentrations (Ca) × five soil water contents (SWC) were conducted usingPlatycladus orientalissaplings to investigate the interaction of water stress and CO2concentration on δ13C of leaf and twig phloem WSOM. Under the lowest SWC, the δ13C of leaf and twig phloem WSOM had the most positive values at any Caand their values decreased as Caincreased. However, at improved soil water conditions, the greatest values of δ13C of leaf and twig phloem WSOM were mostly observed at C600. In addition, a more significant relationship between SWC and δ13C of twig phloem WSOM than that between SWC and δ13C of leaf WSOM demonstrated that δ13C of twig phloem WSOM is a more sensitive indicator of SWC. Twig phloem WSOM was generally13C-depleted compared with leaf WSOM for potential post-photosynthetic fractionation, and the13C discrimination from leaves to twig phloem was insensitive to the interaction between SWC and Ca. Clearly, interacting effects play a more important role in photosynthetic fractionation than in post-photosynthetic fractionation.HighlightThe δ13C of leaf and twig phloem WSOM exhibited the most positive values at C400×35%–45% FC.Post-photosynthetic fractionation from leaf to twig was not be impacted by the interacting effects.
High-gamma activity in the human hippocampus during inter-trial rest periods of a virtual navigation task
Authors: Pu Yi , Cornwell Brian R. , Cheyne Douglas , Johnson Blake W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn rodents, hippocampal cell assemblies formed during learning of a navigation task are observed to re-emerge during resting (offline) periods, accompanied by high-frequency oscillations (HFOs). This phenomenon is believed to reflect mechanisms for strengthening newly-formed memory traces. Using magnetoencephalography recordings and a beamforming source location algorithm (synthetic aperture magnetometry), we investigated high-gamma (80 – 140 Hz) oscillations in the hippocampal region in 18 human participants during inter-trial rest periods in a virtual navigation task. We found right hippocampal gamma oscillations mirrored the pattern of theta power in the same region during navigation, varying as a function of environmental novelty. Gamma power during inter-trial rest periods was positively correlated with theta power during navigation in the first training set when the environment was new and predicted faster learning in the subsequent training set two where the environment became familiar. These findings provide evidence for human hippocampal reactivation accompanied by high-gamma activities immediately after learning and establish a link between hippocampal high-gamma activities and memory consolidation.
An atlas of silencer elements for the human and mouse genomes
Authors: Doni Jayavelu Naresh , Jajodia Ajay , Mishra Arpit , Hawkins R. David 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe study of gene regulation is dominated by a focus on the control of gene activation or controlling an increase in the level of expression. Just as critical is the process of gene repression or silencing. Chromatin signatures have allowed for the global mapping of enhancer cis-regulatory elements, however, the identification of silencer elements by computational or experimental approaches in a genome-wide manner are lacking. We present a simple but powerful computational approach to identify putative silencers genome-wide. We used a series of consortia data to predict silencers in over 100 human and mouse cell or tissue types. We performed several analyses to determine if these elements exhibited characteristics expected of a silencers. Motif enrichment analyses on putative silencers determined that motifs belonging to known transcriptional repressors are enriched, as well as overlapping known transcription repressor binding sites. Leveraging promoter capture HiC data from several human and mouse cell types, we found that over 50% of putative silencer elements are interacting with gene promoters having very low to no expression. Next, to validate our silencer predictions, we quantified silencer activity using massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) on 7500 selected elements in K562 cells. We trained a support vector machine model classifier on MPRA data and used it to refine potential silencers in other cell types. We also show that similar to enhancer elements, silencer elements are enriched in disease-associated variants. Our results suggest a general strategy for genome-wide identification and characterization of silencer elements.
Lrfn2-mutant mice display suppressed synaptic plasticity and inhibitory synapse development and abnormal social communication and startle response
Authors: Li Yan , Kim Ryunhee , Cho Yi Sul , Kim Doyoun , Kim Kyungdeok , Roh Junyeop Daniel , Park Hanwool , Yang Esther , Kim Soo-Jeong , Ko Jaewon , Kim Hyun , Bae Yong-Chul , Kim Eunjoon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSALM1, also known as LRFN2, is a PSD-95-interacting synaptic adhesion molecule implicated in the regulation of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) clustering largely based on in vitro data, although its in vivo functions remain unclear. Here, we found that mice lacking SALM1/LRFN2 (Lrfn2-/- mice) show a normal density of excitatory synapses but altered excitatory synaptic function, including enhanced NMDAR-dependent synaptic transmission but suppressed NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region. Unexpectedly, SALM1 expression is detected in both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, and Lrfn2-/- CA1 pyramidal neurons show decreases in the density of inhibitory synapses and frequency of spontaneous inhibitory synaptic transmission. Behaviorally, ultrasonic vocalization was suppressed in Lrfn2-/- pups separated from their mothers, and acoustic startle was enhanced, but locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and learning and memory were largely normal in adult Lrfn2-/- mice. These results suggest that SALM1/LRFN2 regulates excitatory synapse function, inhibitory synapse development, and social communication and startle behaviors in mice.Significance StatementSynaptic adhesion molecules regulate synapse development and function, which govern neural circuit and brain functions. The SALM/LRFN family of synaptic adhesion proteins consists of five known members whose in vivo functions are largely unknown. Here we characterized mice lacking SALM1/LRFN2 (SALM1 knockout) known to associate with NMDA receptors and found that these mice showed altered NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic transmission and plasticity, as expected, but unexpectedly also exhibited suppressed inhibitory synapse development and synaptic transmission. Behaviorally, SALM1 knockout pups showed suppressed ultrasonic vocalization upon separation from their mothers, and SALM1 knockout adults showed enhanced responses to loud acoustic stimuli. These results suggest that SALM1/LRFN2 regulates excitatory synapse function, inhibitory synapse development, social communication, and acoustic startle behavior.
When informality meets formality: evidence from China
Authors: Yang Kun (Michelle) , Pisani Michael J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
This study aims to explore “what impact does competition from informal enterprises have on formal firms” within the Chinese economic and business environment.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper opted for an exploratory study utilizing the cross-sectional survey data “2012 China Enterprise Survey” conducted by the World Bank. The survey is composed of approximately 200 business-related questions across the spectrum of business operations. In all, 2,700 privately owned Chinese firms are included in the logistic regression analysis.

Findings
Results show the impact of informal firm competition upon formal firms in China are influenced by geographical location, industry sector, ownership profile, governmental ownership, online presence and the extent of obeying labor regulations or the time spent in handling the governmental regulatory environment. There is a competitive and complementary simultaneous intertwined relationship between formal and informal economy. It occurs in a formal economy not fully divorced from the structural inertia of the planned economy as it transitions to a market-based economy.

Practical implications
This paper extended the assumption of institutional theory and presented it as a dynamic view of the evolution of organizations. It contributes by offering a simultaneous dual relationship between the formal and informal economy. It also adds one more potential feature of populations in the population ecology theory.

Originality/value
This exploratory paper empirically examines the impacts of informal sector enterprises on formal sectors firms in China and proposes a dual force effect of the informal economy to the formal economy given the current Chinese institutional environment. The study also provides a platform for further research on the interactions between the formal and informal sectors in emerging markets.
Why do Chinese employees engage in building supervisor-subordinateguanxi?
Authors: Ren Han , Chen Charles Weizheng 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to explore why some Chinese subordinates will engage in buildingguanxiwith their supervisor while others will not. The authors conceptualize subordinates’ initiative behaviors which aim at building up or improvingguanxiwith their supervisors through social interactions as supervisor–subordinateguanxi(SSG)-building behaviors. Guided by the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study examines how three psychological antecedents (guanxiorientation as attitude, individual perception of group-levelguanxipractice as subjective norm and person–supervisor [P-S] fit perception as perceived control) independently and interactively predict subordinates’ SSG-building behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a sample of 162 supervisor–subordinate dyads from four enterprises located in Southwest China.FindingsResults indicated that P-S fit perception is most strongly related to subordinates’ SSG-building behaviors, followed byguanxiorientation and individual perception of group-levelguanxipractice perception.Guanxiorientation is also found to strengthen the positive effect of P-S fit perception on subordinates’ SSG-building behaviors.Originality/valueThe authors’ findings shed light on the psychological mechanisms of Chinese subordinates’ behaviors to build up or improveguanxiwith their supervisors, and advance the current understanding of SSG development from a planned behavioral perspective.
Measuring consumer neural activation to differentiate cognitive processing of advertising
Authors: Daugherty Terry , Hoffman Ernest , Kennedy Kathleen , Nolan Megan 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
Herbert Krugman (1971) was among the first marketing scholars to utilize electroencephalography (EEG) to examine advertising. However, nearly five decades have transpired since this innovative research, making it potentially valuable to use a modern-day approach to reproduce a first-generation neuromarketing study. Thus, the purpose of this study is to replicate and extend Krugman’s original work.

Design/methodology/approach
To measure participants’ neural activity, two within-subject experiments were conducted to test the effectiveness of advertising using EEG. Independent factors, as defined by Krugman (1971), were three national brand ads differentiated by their level of effectiveness (high/low) associated with recall and arousal.

Findings
Results from Study 1 largely support Krugman’s original findings, in that an inverse relationship is observed among brain waves (beta, theta and alpha) across multiple exposures and levels. Meaning, similar patterns of activation and dissipation occur regardless of ad type or frequency. Findings from Study 2 were successful in accomplishing what Krugman originally could not by distinguishing between the ads utilizing an event-related potential (ERP) design.

Originality/value
This study demonstrates that a single neuromarketing approach can be used in multiple ways to provide richer insight while adding value during the research process. At the very least, the re-inquiry is an informative act associated with the theoretical relevance of using EEG measurement in marketing research.
Female business owners hiding in plain sight
Authors: Weidhaas Allison D. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore what female business owners hide to better understand social norms and discourses that influence the decisions women make about how they structure their home and work lives.

Design/methodology/approach
The author used qualitative interviews to access the narratives of female business owners in public relations within the USA. This industry segment attracts primarily women and, unlike a retail store, offers women a variety of ways to structure their business hours and locations.

Findings
Women use hiding as a way to manage others’ impressions and as a way to gain legitimacy for themselves and their organizations. Specifically, the findings fall into three categories: hiding childcare obligations, obscuring their work locations and “fake it until you make it”. Hiding is used a strategy to deal with tensions that arise based on women’s interpretations of social norms and discourses.

Research limitations/implications
Based on the finite nature of any study, it is difficult to assess the long-term impact of hiding. Further, as with many studies, the geographic location, gender and industry segment provide a context for this research, which means the reader must determine the transferability.

Originality/value
Few studies explore hiding as a means to gain access to gendered discourses that can undermine identity construction and business growth. By uncovering what female business owners hide, it provides opportunities for self-awareness and agency.
Context-based patient choice management in healthcare
Authors: Chen An , Lillrank Paul Martin , Tenhunen Henni , Peltokorpi Antti , Torkki Paulus , Heinonen Seppo , Stefanovic Vedran 
Published: January 2018

PurposeIn healthcare, there is limited knowledge of and experience with patient choice management. The purpose of this paper is to focus on patient choice, apply and test demand-supply-based operating (DSO) logic integrated with clinical setting in clarifying choice contexts, investigate patient’s choice-making at different contexts and suggest context-based choice architectures to manage and develop patient choice.Design/methodology/approachPrenatal screening and testing in the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS), Finland, was taken as an example. Choice points were contextualized by using the DSO framework. Women’s reflections, behaviors and experience at different choice contexts were studied by interviewing women participating in prenatal screening and testing. Semi-structured interview data were processed by thematic analysis.FindingsBy applying DSO logic, four choice contexts (prevention, cure, electives and continuous care) were relevant in the prenatal screening and testing episode. Women had different choice-making in prevention and cure mode contexts regarding choice activeness, information needs, social influence, preferences, emotion status and choice-making difficulty. Default choice was widely accepted by women in prevention mode and individual counseling can help women make informed choice in cure mode.Originality/valueThe authors apply the DSO model to contextualize the patient choice in one care episode and compare patient choice-making at different contexts. The authors also suggest the possible context-based choice architectures to manage and promote patient choice