bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in predictive biomarkers associated with immunotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Tong , Wang Mingzhao , Chen Yanchao , Cao Yang , Liu Yutao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant and poor-prognosis cancer, with most cases diagnosed at the extensive stage (ES). Amidst a landscape marked by limited progress in treatment modalities for ES-SCLC over the past few decades, the integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with platinum-based chemotherapy has provided a milestone approach for improving prognosis, emerging as the new standard for initial therapy in ES-SCLC. However, only a minority of SCLC patients can benefit from ICIs, which frequently come with varying degrees of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Therefore, it is crucial to investigate predictive biomarkers to screen potential beneficiaries of ICIs, mitigate the risk of side effects, and improve treatment precision. This review summarized potential biomarkers for predicting ICI response in ES-SCLC, with a primary focus on markers sourced from tumor tissue or peripheral blood samples. The former mainly included PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), along with cellular or molecular components related to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and antigen presentation machinery (APM), molecular subtypes of SCLC, and inflammatory gene expression profiles. Circulating biomarkers predominantly comprised circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cytokines, plasma autoantibodies, inflammation-related parameters, and blood TMB. We synthesized and analyzed the research progress of these potential markers. Notably, investigations into PD-L1 expression and TMB have been the most extensive, exhibiting preliminary predictive efficacy in salvage immunotherapy; however, consistent conclusions have yet to be reached across studies. Additionally, novel predictive markers developed based on TME composition, APM, transcriptomic and genomic features provide promising tools for precision immunotherapy. Circulating biomarkers offer the advantages of convenience, non-invasiveness, and a comprehensive reflection of tumor molecular characteristics. They may serve as alternative options for predicting immunotherapy efficacy in SCLC. However, there is a scarcity of studies, and the significant heterogeneity in research findings warrants attention.
Stochastic ordering results on extreme order statistics from dependent samples with Archimedean copula
Authors: Shrahili Mansour 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper considers parallel and series systems with heterogeneous components having dependent exponential lifetimes. The underlying dependence is assumed to be Archimedean and the component lifetimes are supposed to be connected according to an Archimedean copula. Sufficient conditions are found to dominate a parallel system with heterogenous exponential components, with respect to the dispersive order, by another parallel system with homogenous exponential components where the dependence structure between lifetimes of components is the same. We also compare two series systems (and two parallel systems) with general one-parameter dependent components and with respect to the usual stochastic ordering. Examples are given to illustrate the theoretical findings.
Wind power prediction method based on cloud computing and data privacy protection
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhu Shaoming , Su Shen , Chen Xiaofeng , Yang Yan , Zhou Bing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the support of our government’s commitment to the energy sector, the installed capacity of wind power will continue to grow. However, due to the instability of wind power, accurate prediction of wind power output is essential for effective grid dispatch. In addition, data privacy and protection have become paramount in today’s society. Traditional wind forecasting methods rely on centralized data, which raises concerns about data privacy and data silos. To address these challenges, we propose a hybrid approach that combines federated learning and deep learning for wind power forecasting. In our proposed method, we use a bidirectional long short-term memory (BILSTM) neural network as the basic prediction model to improve the prediction accuracy. Then, the model is integrated into the federated learning framework to form the Fed-BILSTM prediction method. In addition, we have introduced cloud computing technology into the Fed-BILSTM method, using cloud resources for model training and parameter update. Participants share model parameters instead of sharing raw data, which solves data privacy concerns. We compared Fed-BILSTM with traditional forecasting methods. Experimental results show that the proposed Fed-BILSTM is better than the traditional prediction method in terms of prediction accuracy. What’s more, Fed-BILSTM can effectively protect data privacy compared to traditional centralized forecasting methods while ensuring prediction performance.
Clinical, mechanistic, biomarker, and therapeutic advances in GBA1-associated Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zhang Xuxiang , Wu Heng , Tang Beisha , Guo Jifeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The development of PD is closely linked to genetic and environmental factors, with GBA1 variants being the most common genetic risk. Mutations in the GBA1 gene lead to reduced activity of the coded enzyme, glucocerebrosidase, which mediates the development of PD by affecting lipid metabolism (especially sphingolipids), lysosomal autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum, as well as mitochondrial and other cellular functions. Clinically, PD with GBA1 mutations (GBA1-PD) is characterized by particular features regarding the progression of symptom severity. On the therapeutic side, the discovery of the relationship between GBA1 variants and PD offers an opportunity for targeted therapeutic interventions. In this review, we explore the genotypic and phenotypic correlations, etiologic mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic approaches of GBA1-PD and summarize the current state of research and its challenges.
Effects of replacing soybean meal with enzymolysis-fermentation compound protein feed on growth performance, apparent digestibility of nutrients, carcass traits, and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Cheng Yu , He Jun , Zheng Ping , Yu Jie , Pu Junning , Huang Zhiqing , Mao Xiangbing , Luo Yuheng , Luo Junqiu , Yan Hui , Wu Aimin , Yu Bing , Chen Daiwen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Addressing the shortage of high-quality protein resources, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with different levels of enzymolysis-fermentation compound protein feed (EFCP) in the diets of growing-finishing pigs, focusing on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, carcass traits, and meat quality.

Methods
Sixty DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) pigs with an initial body weight of 42.76 ± 2.05 kg were assigned to 5 dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design. These dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal diet (CON), untreated compound protein feed (UCP) substitution 50% (U50) and 100% SBM (U100) diets, and EFCP substitution 50% (EF50) and 100% SBM (EF100) diets. Each treatment had 6 pens (replicates) with 2 pigs per pen, and the experiment lasted 58 d, divided into phase I (1–28 d) and phase II (29–58 d). Following phase I, only the CON, U50, and EF50 groups were continued for phase II, each with 5 replicate pens. On d 59, a total of 15 pigs (1 pig/pen, 5 pens/treatment) were euthanized.

Results
During phase I, the EF50 group had a higher average daily gain (ADG) in pigs (P < 0.05) compared to the CON group, whereas the U50 group did not have a significant difference. As the substitution ratio of UCP and EFCP increased in phase I, there was a noticeable reduction in the final body weight and ADG (P < 0.05), along with an increase in the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) (P < 0.05). In phase II, there were no significant differences in growth performance among the treatment groups, but EF50 increased the apparent digestibility of several nutrients (including dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash, gross energy) compared to U50. The EF50 group also exhibited significantly higher serum levels of neuropeptide Y and ghrelin compared to the CON and U50 groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the EF50 group had higher carcass weight and carcass length than those in the CON and U50 groups (P < 0.05), with no significant difference in meat quality.

Conclusions
The study findings suggest that replacing 50% SBM with EFCP during the growing-finishing period can improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass traits of pigs without compromising meat quality. This research offers valuable insights into the modification of unconventional plant protein meals and developing alternatives to SBM.
Design transformations in monuments and memorials as monumental buildings: new perspectives on the place-making model
Authors: Chen Guoxing , Suneta Vanvipha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The monument, or the memorial, as a place of memory and emotional support, has been the focus of scholarly attention. Although existing studies have explored its space’s materialization, identity, history, and memory content, the materials about its design transformation have yet to be deeply excavated. Based on the relevant theories of place and place-making, the researchers constructed a knowledge system of the place-making model, the spatial vector pattern, and the worship behaviors of monuments. On this basis, a qualitative research methodology is adopted. Through case studies and participant observation, the design transformation of the monument/memorial is interpreted in the following five dimensions: function theme, morphology style, spatial relationship, visitor experience, and symbolic meaning. The results of this study show that the monument/memorial tends to promote in-depth public reflection and critical engagement with history, reflecting changes in how society perceives historical events. This research provides new perspectives for understanding the multidimensionality of the monument/memorial but also emphasizes the need to continue exploring its interaction with the socio-cultural context.
Gastrointestinal nematodes in German outdoor-reared pigs based on faecal egg count and next-generation sequencing nemabiome data
Authors: Fischer Hannah R. M. , Krücken Jürgen , Fiedler Stefan , Duckwitz Veronica , Nienhoff Hendrik , Steuber Stephan , Daher Ricarda , von Samson-Himmelstjerna Georg 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
There is a higher risk for nematode infections associated with outdoor-reared pigs. Next to Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum dentatum and Trichuris suis, there is the potential of infections with other nodular worm species, Hyostrongylus rubidus, Stongyloides ransomi and Metastrongylus spp. lungworms. Next-generation sequencing methods describing the nemabiome have not yet been established for porcine nematodes.

Methods
FLOTAC was used for faecal egg counts of porcine gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms in piglets, fatteners and adults individually. A nemabiome analyses based on ITS-2 gene region metabarcoding was used to differentiate strongyle species. Additionally, questionnaire data was analysed using mixed-effect regression to identify potential risk factors associated with parasite occurrences and egg shedding intensity.

Results
On 15 of 17 farms nematode eggs were detected. Ascaris suum, strongyles and T. suis were detected on 82%, 70% and 35% of the 17 farms, respectively. Lungworms were detected on one out of four farms with access to pasture. Strongyloides ransomi was not detected. 32% (CI 28–36%), 27% (24–31%), 5% (4–7%) and 3% (0.9–8%) of the samples where tested positive for strongyles, A. suum, T. suis and lungworms, respectively. The nemabiome analysis revealed three different strongyle species, with O. dentatum being the most common (mean 93.9%), followed by O. quadrispinulatum (5.9%) and the hookworm Globocephalus urosubulatus (0.1%). The bivariate and multivariate risk factor analyses showed among others that cleaning once a week compared to twice a week increased the odds significantly for being infected with A. suum (OR 78.60) and strongyles (2077.59). Access to pasture was associated with higher odds for A. suum (43.83) and strongyles (14.21). Compared to shallow litter systems, deep litter and free range systems resulted in significant higher odds for strongyles (85.74, 215.59, respectively) and T. suis (200.33, 623.08).

Conclusions
Infections with A. suum, O. dentatum, O. quadrispinulatum, T. suis, Metastrongylus spp. and G. urosubulatus are present in German outdoor-reared pigs. This is the first report of G. urosubulatus in domestic pigs in Europe. Metabarcoding based on the ITS-2 region is a suitable tool to analyse the porcine nemabiome. Furthermore, management practices have the potential of reducing the risk of parasite infections.
Integrating social sciences in community engagement in humanitarian action: benefits and challenges seen from the field
Authors: Geise Mandy , Lana Benedetta , Puri Anu , Maffi Paola , Apráez Laura Martínez , van Dormolen Simone , Maukner Anna Christina , Cusano María Falero , Elessawi Rania , de Vries Daniel H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe application of social sciences has been recognized as valuable to inclusive humanitarian programming that aims to be attentive to the needs and initiatives of affected communities. However, the integration of social science-informed community engagement (CE) approaches in humanitarian action remains episodic, fragmented, and under-resourced. This research article provides insights from a study that reviewed existing and needed capacities for the systematic integration of social sciences for community engagement in humanitarian action. We examined what capacity resources exist and what resources need to be developed for strengthening social science integration into humanitarian programming for improved engagement of affected and at-risk communities in conflict and hazard contexts. A mixed method approach was used, including twenty-two key informant interviews and a focus group discussion with social scientists and humanitarian practitioners, an online survey with 42 respondents, a literature review, and a year-long monthly consultation with social scientists and humanitarian practitioners in a UNICEF-led global technical working group. Results illustrate insights on the value of the “social science lens” in humanitarian action and current usage of different social science disciplines. Challenges found include different understandings (e.g., on standardization), languages and methods used by practitioners and social scientists, and how to integrate the seemingly “slow” processes of social sciences to fit emergency response. Institutional barriers to mainstream community-centered humanitarian action facilitated by the social sciences include top-down decision-making and resourcing, lack of localization, and many siloed, dispersed, and episodic efforts.
Exploring obesity-related endocrine disorders beyond diabetes: a narrative review
Authors: Meligi Amr Abel Hady El , Ahmed Rabab Mahmoud , Shaltout Inass , Soliman Amin Roshdy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
While insulin resistance and diabetes shine as the central stars in the constellation of obesity-related conditions, other common endocrine diseases are also closely associated with obesity and high body mass index.

Main body
This review aims to illuminate the hormonal imbalances associated with obesity, beyond diabetes. It covers the prevalence, clinical presentation, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of some of these conditions.

Conclusion
In obese patients, physicians must pay attention to hormonal disorders that may be associated with obesity.
Unveiling the effects of microplastics pollution on marine fauna
Authors: Paul Sonali , Nath Somava , Bhattacharjee Shreya , Mukherjee Susmita 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicroplastics have emerged as a pervasive environmental concern, threatening the health and stability of marine ecosystems worldwide. Microplastics permeate marine environments through various sources, including fragmentation of larger plastic debris, industrial discharges, and urban runoff. Once introduced into the marine ecosystem, microplastics interact with many organisms across trophic levels, from zooplankton to top predators. Through ingestion, entanglement, and bioaccumulation, microplastics pose direct threats to marine organisms' health, reproductive success, and survival. Moreover, microplastics serve as vectors for persistent organic pollutants, leaching harmful chemicals into the marine environment and exacerbating toxicity risk for marine life. This study highlights the broader ecological implications of microplastic pollution, including disruptions of marine food chain, and degradation of essential habitats such as coral reefs and estuaries. By altering species interactions and habitat structure, microplastics can compromise the resilience and functioning of marine ecosystems, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services. With the increase in microplastics in the marine environment it is important to have control measures as well. Comprehensive strategies for managing microplastic pollution should incorporate a combination of conventional approaches, including reduction at the source and targeted interventions to enhance degradation.
Comprehensive Analysis of Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Real-World Data From the Middle East
Authors: Abu-Hijlih Ramiz , Salah Samer , Abaza Haneen , Taqash Ayat , Abdelkhaleq Hadeel , Al-Ibraheem Akram , Al-Omari Amal 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE Metastatic prostate cancer (Pca) is a complex disease with diverse clinical characteristics and outcomes across the geographical distribution. Herein, we present a series of patients from the Middle East, aiming at identifying disease outcomes and prognostic factors specific to this regional context. METHODS AND MATERIALS This is a retrospective study of patients with metastatic Pca, diagnosed at King Hussein Cancer Center, Jordan, between 2006 and 2018. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Factors that significantly affected overall survival (OS) in the univariable analysis were examined in a multivariable Cox regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 188 patients with metastatic Pca were included in this analysis, of whom 168 (89%) had de novo metastatic disease. The median age at diagnosis was 68 years, 144 (77%) had bone metastasis, 32 (17%) had visceral metastasis, and 126 (67%) had high-volume disease. At a median follow-up of 67 months, the median OS was 44.3 months. The following factors predicted inferior OS in univariable analysis: smoking, normal BMI, high-volume disease, high alkaline phosphatase (ALP), previous local therapy for prostate, and orchiectomy versus medical androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). On multivariable analysis, high-volume disease (hazard ratio [HR], 1.92 [95% CI, 1.17 to 3.13]; P = .0094), high ALP (HR, 2.136 [95% CI, 1.38 to 3.31]; P < .001), and orchiectomy (HR, 2.40 [95% CI, 1.51 to 3.82]; P < .001) emerged as independent factors for inferior OS. CONCLUSION Metastatic Pca outcomes in our population closely align with the global benchmark. High volume status, elevated ALP, and performance of surgical as opposed to medical ADT emerge as prognostic indicators of poor survival.
Amazon Mechanical Turk: The Human Sciences’ Labor Problem
Authors: Wei Jiemin Tina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the rise of Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), Amazon Web Services, Inc.’s crowdsourcing labor platform, in social science research since 2005. A new “digital sweatshop,” the platform hired online workers to do precarious, extremely low-wage tasks to support artificial intelligence (AI) and survey research, while effectively stripping workers of all protections except those they built for themselves. Bringing together labor history and the history of science through an investigation of MTurk, this article intervenes in the historiography bidirectionally. Interpreting research participation as work, it argues, first, that the history of knowledge production is a labor history. To understand the ensuing conflict between workers and researchers on the MTurk platform, one must understand its labor context. Their struggle lay at the intersection between social science's notion of ideal research subjects and the concerns, interests, and vulnerabilities of crowdsourced participants as a class of exploited and unprotected workers. This article asks, second, how the labor conditions of research subjects impacted the knowledge produced from them. As in other industries, dialectics of labor exploitation shaped (and spoiled) the knowledge products that digital piecework yielded. The “labor” being deskilled, in this case, was being human.
Is It Justified to Sacrifice the Pituitary Stalk During Craniopharyngioma Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Elbaroody Mohammad , Dokhan Mohamed , Kassay Andrea , Ezzat Ahmed A. M. , Marei Ahmed A. , Eldessouky Amr Helmy , Alhayen Basem Ismail , Algabrouny Muhammad , Ezz Adham , Alsawy Mohamed F. , El Refaee Ehab , Soliman Mohamed A. R. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Pituitary stalk sacrifice is a surgical dilemma in craniopharyngioma surgery that needs a wise decision. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to conduct a meta-analysis of the current literature to assess if it is worth preserving the stalk during craniopharyngioma surgery or it is justified to sacrifice it.

METHODS:
PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for craniopharyngioma studies till December 2021 that directly compared the endocrine sequelae of stalk sacrifice vs preservation in their patients. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI was used through fixed- and random-effects models.

RESULTS:
Fourteen studies with a total of 2074 patients met our inclusion criteria. The stalk was preserved in 925 patients (44.6%), was sacrificed in 1053 patients (50.8%), and was not identified intraoperatively or partially preserved, or the authors did not mention enough data for 96 patients (4.6%). Our study found that sacrifice of the pituitary stalk was associated with a significantly increased risk of endocrine dysfunction at the last follow-up (OR = 6.69, 95% CI = 3.36-13.35, P < .0001); however, it was not associated with a significant decrease in the risk of recurrence/progression of the disease (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.60-1.06, P = .13).

CONCLUSION:
Pituitary stalk sacrifice significantly increased the risk of postoperative endocrine dysfunction without reducing the risk of progression or recurrence of craniopharyngioma. The ability to preserve the pituitary stalk intraoperatively is multifactorial, and stalk preservation is recommended whenever possible. Future prospective studies are recommended to assess the effect of confounding factors on the outcomes of stalk sacrifice/preservation.