bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Australian specialty nurse standards with registered nurse standards
Authors: Edmonds Lisa , Cashin Andrew , Heartfield Marie 
Published: January 2016

AimThis study aimed to determine whether registered nurse Australian specialty competency standards identified unique capabilities of nursing practice.BackgroundUse of the term specialist in nursing commenced early in the twentieth century with the growth and diversification of postgraduate nursing education. Courses in speciality nursing were associated with the development of specialty competency standards in Australia.MethodAustralian specialty standards were mapped against the current national competency standards for the registered nurse. Content analysis was used to cross‐map the standards to the national standard domains of professional practice, critical thinking and analysis, provision and coordination of care, and collaborative and therapeutic practice.FindingsOf the 28 sourced speciality standards, only the nursing informatics standards displayed unique elements of nursing practice. Other nursing capabilities such as leadership and person‐centred care were prominent in speciality standards, while more difficult to interpret in the national standards. In addition, developmental and intellectual disability nursing was not evident in the national competency standards.DiscussionThe findings above identified that nursing informatics were the only specialty standards that displayed unique capabilities of nursing practice when compared with the national competency standards. This raises the question of the value add specialty standards have on practice.ConclusionVery few unique capabilities of specialty nursing were expressed in these standards. The study identified that they had more potential in assisting registered nurses to interpret their national competency standards into specialist practice contexts.Implications for nursing and health policyIt is proposed that specific performance indicators of how the registered nurse standards are applied in the specialty context are developed in place of multiple specialty standards.
Improving the safety and quality of nursing care through standardized operating procedures in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Ausserhofer Dietmar , Rakic Severin , Novo Ahmed , Dropic Emira , Fisekovic Eldin , Sredic Ana , Van Malderen Greet 
Published: January 2016

AimWe explored how selected ‘positive deviant’ healthcare facilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina approach the continuous development, adaptation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of nursing‐related standard operating procedures.BackgroundStandardized nursing care is internationally recognized as a critical element of safe, high‐quality health care; yet very little research has examined one of its key instruments: nursing‐related standard operating procedures.IntroductionDespite variability in Bosnia and Herzegovina's healthcare and nursing care quality, we assumed that some healthcare facilities would have developed effective strategies to elevate nursing quality and safety through the use of standard operating procedures.MethodsGuided by the ‘positive deviance’ approach, we used a multiple‐case study design to examine a criterion sample of four facilities (two primary healthcare centres and two hospitals), collecting data via focus groups and individual interviews.FindingsIn each studied facility, certification/accreditation processes were crucial to the initiation of continuous development, adaptation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of nursing‐related SOPs. In one hospital and one primary healthcare centre, nurses working in advanced roles (i.e. quality coordinators) were responsible for developing and implementing nursing‐related standard operating procedures. Across the four studied institutions, we identified a consistent approach to standard operating procedures‐related processes.ConclusionsThe certification/accreditation process is enabling necessary changes in institutions’ organizational cultures, empowering nurses to take on advanced roles in improving the safety and quality of nursing care.Implications for nursing and health policyStandardizing nursing procedures is key to improve the safety and quality of nursing care. Nursing and Health Policy are needed in Bosnia and Herzegovina to establish a functioning institutional framework, including regulatory bodies, educational systems for developing nurses’ capacities or the inclusion of nursing‐related standard operating procedures in certification/accreditation standards.
Perceptions about eating experiences of low‐literate older adults with heart disease: a qualitative study
Authors: Chen Su‐Hui , Shyu Yea‐Ing Lotus , Ko Yu‐Shien , Kung Hsiu Ling , Shao Jung‐Hua 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimsTo explore perceptions of low‐literate older adults with heart disease about their eating experiences.BackgroundHeart disease has been closely linked with nutrition, and nutritional status is poor in patients with limited education, but no studies have explored the eating experiences of low‐literate adults with heart disease.DesignQualitative descriptive study.MethodsData were collected in tape‐recorded semi‐structured interviews from March ‐ June 2012. A convenience sample of 13 low‐literate older adults with heart disease was recruited from a cardiovascular ward of a medical centre in northern Taiwan. Participants were recruited until findings reached saturation and data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.FindingsAnalysis of participants' interview data on eating experiences identified three main categories: (1) eating‐related hardships because of low literacy; (2) eating adjustments due to low literacy; and (3) misinformation about dietary modifications for heart disease.ConclusionBecause of their low literacy, these older adults had difficult life experiences, gained inappropriate or inadequate eating information and held a passive, fatalistic perspective about eating with heart disease. Healthcare practitioners caring for this population need to appreciate their unique eating challenges and respect their eating customs. Nurses could play a greater role in educating and supporting low‐literate older adults in selecting appropriate foods and preparing meals. Strategies to help this population learn to select, prepare and cook their food should be easy and practical, using specific symbols, concrete signs and simple labels.
Family‐centred approaches to healthcare interventions in chronic diseases in adults: a quantitative systematic review
Authors: Deek Hiba , Hamilton Sandra , Brown Nicola , Inglis Sally C. , Digiacomo Michelle , Newton Phillip J. , Noureddine Samar , MacDonald Peter S. , Davidson Patricia M. ,   the FAMILY Project Investigators
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundIncreasingly there is a focus on self‐care strategies for both malignant and non‐malignant conditions. Models of self‐care interventions have focussed on the individual and less on the broader context of family and society. In many societies, decision‐making and health seeking behaviours, involve family members.ObjectiveTo identify elements of effective family‐centred self‐care interventions that are likely to improve outcomes of adults living with chronic conditions.DesignReview paper.Data sourcesMEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, PsychInfo and Scopus between 2000–2014.Review methodsQuantitative studies targeting patient outcomes through family‐centred interventions in adults were retrieved using systematic methods in January, 2015. Search terms used were: ‘family’, ‘spouse’, ‘carer’, ‘caregiver’, ‘chronic’, ‘chronic disease’, ‘self‐care’, ‘self‐management’ and ‘self‐efficacy’. Reference lists were reviewed. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. Data were reported using a narrative summary approach.ResultsTen studies were identified. Improvements were noted in readmission rates, emergency department presentations, and anxiety levels using family‐centred interventions compared with controls. Elements of effective interventions used were a family‐centred approach, active learning strategy and transitional care with appropriate follow‐up.ConclusionsInvolving the family in self‐care has shown some positive results for patients with chronic conditions. The benefits of family‐centred care may be more likely in specific socio‐cultural contexts.LimitationsThe review has year limits and further research needs to identify support for both the patients and family caregivers.
Narrative in nursing research: an overview of three approaches
Authors: Casey Briege , Proudfoot Denise , Corbally Melissa 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this paper is to present and discuss three popular narrative research approaches which have been successfully used by the authors in nursing research. Examples of each approach are offered to illustrate potential application in healthcare contexts.BackgroundThe creation, function and interpretation of narratives are of increasing interest to nurse researchers worldwide. Currently a variety of narrative research approaches are used to explore how people make sense of experience. While this diversity adds to the richness and scope of the methodology, practitioners new to narrative research may struggle in determining which approach best suits their research purposes and contexts.DesignThis discussion paper presents the philosophical basis, methodology, strengths and challenges of the following three commonly used narrative approaches: Murray's Narrative Framework, the Biographical Narrative Interpretive Method and Arts‐Based Narrative Methods.Data sourcesData sources dating from 1934–2014 were used. These included seminal texts and articles from nursing and social science journals on narrative and narrative research found in the CINAHL, Medline and PsycInfo databases.Implications for nursingThis discussion offers clarity and guidance to nurse researchers who are considering/ using narrative research methods to enquire into the storied nature of human experience and sense making processes.ConclusionsEmploying a specific narrative research approach requires close attention to the ‘fit’ of the research question/context with the particular method under consideration. While sharing some narrative commonalities, each of these three methods enables the emergence of unique analytic and interpretive perspectives about stories relevant to nursing practice.
Caught between compassion and control: exploring the challenges associated with inpatient adolescent mental healthcare in an independent hospital
Authors: Matthews Hannah , Williamson Iain 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo extend our understanding of how healthcare assistants construct and manage demanding situations in a secure mental health setting and to explore the effects on their health and well‐being, to provide recommendations for enhanced support.BackgroundContemporary literature acknowledges high rates of occupational stress and burnout among healthcare assistants, suggesting the context in which they work places them at elevated risk of physical harm and psychological distress. Yet, there is a deficit of qualitative research exploring the experiences of healthcare assistants in adolescent inpatient facilities.DesignAn exploratory multi‐method qualitative approach was used to collect data about the challenges faced by healthcare assistants working on secure adolescent mental health wards in an independent hospital during 2014.MethodFifteen sets of data were collected. Ten participants completed diary entries and five participants were also interviewed allowing for triangulation. Data were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis.FindingsThe findings illustrated how inpatient mental healthcare is a unique and distinctive area of nursing, where disturbing behaviour is often normalized and detached from the outside world. Healthcare assistants often experienced tension between their personal moral code which orientate them towards empathy and support and the emotional detachment and control expected by the organization, contributing to burnout and moral distress.ConclusionsThis study yielded insights into mental health nursing and specifically the phenomenon of moral distress. Given the ever‐increasing demand for healthcare professionals, the effects of moral distress on both the lives of healthcare assistants and patient care, merits further study.
Effects of role model exposure on STEM and non‐STEM student engagement
Authors: Shin Jiyun Elizabeth L. , Levy Sheri R. , London Bonita 
Published: January 2016

AbstractStudies examining factors (e.g., STEM stereotypes) that underlie the recruitment and retention of STEM students are critical as the demand for STEM professionals is rapidly increasing. This experimental study tested the effects of role model biographies that challenge common STEM stereotypes (i.e., STEM is for gifted individuals and for European American males) on 1035 STEM and non‐STEM undergraduate students. Findings showed that role model exposure had positive effects on both STEM and non‐STEM students’ interest in STEM as well as their perceived identity compatibility between the self and STEM. Role model exposure had a positive impact on academic sense of belonging among STEM and non‐STEM students, and a positive impact on academic self‐efficacy among STEM students, but not non‐STEM students.
Pre‐Pleistocene geological events shaping diversification and distribution of primitively segmented spiders on East Asian margins
Authors: Xu Xin , Liu Fengxiang , Chen Jian , Ono Hirotsugu , Agnarsson Ingi , Li Daiqin , Kuntner Matjaž 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimPhylogeographical research in the East Asian continent and islands (East Asian Margins, or EAM) suggests predominant Pleistocene over‐water dispersal events from continent to islands, but more ancient biogeographical patterns in EAM remain obscure. We explored biogeographical histories and population genetic structures of the primitively segmented spiders, Heptathela and Ryuthela (Liphistiidae), broadly codistributed across EAM islands. To test competing biogeographical hypotheses, we looked for geohistoric events that may have shaped their distributional patterns.LocationKyushu and Ryukyus.MethodsWe sampled 17 Heptathela and Ryuthela species on 10 out of 12 EAM islands and sequenced fragments of two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes. We performed phylogenetic, network, time‐calibrated and biogeographical analyses to identify lineages, estimate their divergence times, and reconstruct ancestral ranges. We also assessed genetic diversity and historic demography of each lineage.ResultsPhylogenetic origin of Heptathela + Ryuthela is estimated at 26.6–18.4 Ma (95% HPD) when EAM islands became separated from the continent. The crown ages of Heptathela (18.0–10.7 Ma) and Ryuthela (17.8–8.7 Ma) coincide with the formation of Japan Sea and Okinawa Trough respectively. A split within Ryuthela (13.9–6.0 Ma) coincides with the opening of the Kerama Gap, but a split within Heptathela (18.0–10.7 Ma) pre‐dates the formation of the Tokara Gap. Speciation within Heptathela and Ryuthela is relatively recent (6.0–0.3 Ma). Population genetic and demographic results suggest interrupted gene flow within and among islands, with most species exhibiting stable past populations.Main conclusionsHistoric biogeographical reconstructions strongly suggest predominant vicariant origins of EAM island liphistiids. Restricted gene flow following barrier formation is the dominant speciation force in these spiders. As they never seem to cross bodies of water, their past range expansion, successive fragmentation of EAM, and other vicariant events, must have shaped the detected genetic boundaries among and within islands.
Origin and history of the Dahomey Gap separating West and Central African rain forests: insights from the phylogeography of the legume tree Distemonanthus benthamianus
Authors: Demenou Boris B. , Piñeiro Rosalía , Hardy Olivier J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to understand the origin of the forest flora currently found in the Dahomey Gap (DG), a 200‐km‐wide forest‐savanna mosaic separating the West African and Central African rain forest blocks. More specifically, using a widespread rain forest tree species, Distemonanthus benthamianus (Fabaceae), we will test the hypothesis that the DG populations are remnants of a population dating back from the African Humid Period of the Holocene, when West African and Central African rain forests were supposedly connected.LocationTropical forests of Upper Guinea (West Africa) and Lower Guinea (Atlantic Central Africa) and the forest‐savanna mosaic of the DG extending from eastern Ghana to Benin.MethodsFour hundred and twenty‐nine D. benthamianus samples from West to Central Africa were genotyped with 11 nuclear microsatellite markers. After detecting geographically coherent gene pools, their genetic diversity and differentiation were estimated and their demographic histories were inferred using coalescent simulations and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) tests.ResultsFive parapatric gene pools were identified: three in Lower Guinea, one in Upper Guinea and one in the DG. ABC tests indicate that the DG gene pool probably originates from the admixture of adjacent Upper and Lower Guinean gene pools, with a higher contribution from Upper Guinea, at a timeframe consistent with the early Holocene (around 13–7 ka). The lower genetic diversity documented in the DG could result from a founder effect and/or from a demographic decline consistent with the Holocene climatic pejoration documented around 3 ka.Main conclusionsThis phylogeographical study inferring the history of the DG populations of D. benthamianus is consistent with palaeovegetation data that suggest that the forest flora of the DG might be essentially relicts of the early Holocene period when the Guineo‐Congolian forest reached its maximum geographical distribution.
Continental‐scale syntheses of Australian pyromes – misclassification of south‐western eucalypt woodlands misinforms management
Authors: Gosper Carl R. , Prober Suzanne M. , Yates Colin J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGlobal and continental‐scale analysis of ecological phenomena can offer important insights through the identification of patterns and associations not detectable at smaller scales. However, using proxies for ecological phenomena, such as vegetation mapping for spatially projecting fire regime niches and post‐fire plant responses, require critical examination of predictions to determine utility. Using local studies in south‐western Australia, we demonstrate that while this approach has been largely successful in mallee woodland and shrubland, it has failed in eucalypt woodland, with the consequence that values for a range of fire‐related parameters from the continent‐wide approaches, if adopted in informing management, would result in undesirable conservation outcomes for the world's largest extant temperate woodland.
Bileaflet Mitral Valve Prolapse and Risk of Ventricular Dysrhythmias and Death
Authors: NORDHUES BENJAMIN D. , SIONTIS KONSTANTINOS C. , SCOTT CHRISTOPHER G. , NKOMO VUYISILE T. , ACKERMAN MICHAEL J. , ASIRVATHAM SAMUEL J. , NOSEWORTHY PETER A. 
Published: January 2016

Dysrhythmias and Death in BiMVPIntroductionBileaflet mitral valve prolapse (BiMVP) is common among survivors of otherwise unexplained sudden cardiac death, but prognostic implications of BiMVP are unknown. This study evaluated whether patients with BiMVP are at higher risk for ventricular dysrhythmias, ICD placement, or death compared to controls with either single‐leaflet mitral valve prolapse (SiMVP) or no mitral valve prolapse (MVP).Methods and ResultsThis retrospective, matched cohort study included 18,786 patients who underwent echocardiography at Mayo Clinic between June 1990 and September 2014. The study included three cohorts: BiMVP, SiMVP, and controls without MVP. We assessed rates of ventricular dysrhythmias, ICD placement, and all‐cause mortality between groups. BiMVP was associated with higher rates of ventricular tachycardia compared to SiMVP and controls (adjusted HR 1.48 [1.14–1.92], P = 0.003 and 1.40 [1.04–1.88], P = 0.026, respectively); however, there were no statistically significant differences in rates of ventricular fibrillation/cardiac arrest or ICD placement between groups. BiMVP was associated with a lower rate of all‐cause mortality compared to SiMVP and controls (adjusted HR 0.86 [0.79–0.94], P = 0.0008, and 0.55 [0.50–0.60], P < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionAlthough BiMVP is associated with ventricular tachycardia, it is not associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrest/ventricular fibrillation or ICD implantation and is, paradoxically, associated with a better survival compared to SiMVP or matched controls. The findings suggest that, despite its association with ventricular tachycardia, BiMVP in the absence of other risk factors does not seem to portend a poor prognosis at the population level.
Wireless Ultrasound‐Guided Axillary Vein Cannulation for the Implantation of Cardiovascular Implantable Electric Devices
Authors: FRANCO EDUARDO , RODRIGUEZ MUÑOZ DANIEL , MATÍA ROBERTO , HERNANDEZ‐MADRID ANTONIO , CARBONELL SAN ROMÁN ALEJANDRA , SÁNCHEZ INMACULADA , ZAMORANO JOSE , MORENO JAVIER 
Published: January 2016

Wireless Ultrasound‐Guided Axillary Vein CannulationIntroductionUltrasound guidance for vascular cannulation seems safer and more effective than an anatomical landmark approach, though it has not gained widespread support partly due to workflow interference of wired probes. A wireless ultrasound transducer (WUST) may overcome this issue. We report the effectiveness, time consumption, and safety of the first‐in‐human experience in axillary vein cannulation guided with a novel WUST for the implantation of cardiovascular implantable electric devices (CIEDs).Methods and ResultsAfter a one‐month training period, we routinely performed WUST‐guided puncture to all first implants, prospectively registering data from the first 50 patients. We analyzed the time needed for preparing the WUST and for achieving each vein cannulation, and the rate of unsuccessful or accidental arterial punctures and complications. WUST‐guided axillary vein access was successful in 49 out of 50 patients, totaling 86 cannulated veins. Median WUST preparation time was 55 [44–62] seconds and median time needed for each venous cannulation was 56 [36–71] seconds. A total of 84.9% of the veins were cannulated at the first attempt. There were 7 unsuccessful puncture attempts and 1 accidental arterial puncture. No pneumothorax, hemothorax, or nervous injury occurred in the 49 successfully cannulated patients. The unsuccessful one (distal subclavian occlusion) developed a minor local subcutaneous emphysema with no confirmed radiologic pneumothorax, not requiring intervention. During a follow‐up of 2.5 ± 1.1 months, a patient developed a pocket infection, with no other significant complications.ConclusionUltrasound‐guided axillary vein cannulation using a wireless transducer for the implantation of CIEDs is a feasible, fast, and safe method.