bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les courtiers associatifs en développement dans le Sud-Est du Maroc
Authors: Benidir Mohammed 
Published: May 2017

Cet article traite de l’un des chantiers de la fabrique des élites rurales, à savoir la reconversion des ressources tirées du courtage en développement dans le Sud-Est du Maroc. Suivant notre catégorisation empirique, la rétribution politique de l’activité courtière et les comportements stratégiques des courtiers prennent deux formes. Elles résident soit dans le franchissement soit dans le gommage des frontières entre courtage en développement et arène politique instituée. Dans le franchissement, nous avons affaire à des articulations entre la « politique des problèmes et des besoins » et la politique électorale, entre militantisme développementaliste et affiliation partisane, dès lors que les courtiers associatifs tentent de s’emparer du pouvoir décisionnel. La carrière du courtier s’encastre dans les parcours politiques et des trajectoires notabiliaires. Dans le gommage, certains courtiers entretiennent en revanche un intérêt déguisé vis-à-vis de la politique. Derrière la stratégie d’outsider, s’éclipsent des reconversions manquées, des prédispositions par rapport aux cadres de l’arène politique conventionnelle, des compromis et des arènes de compétition pour l’accès au rang de l’élite.
Une politique de santé globale dans l’arène locale
Authors: Fosso Albert Legrand 
Published: May 2017

La délivrance des combinaisons thérapeutiques à base d’artémisinine en traitement curatif du paludisme à Bandjoun (Ouest du Cameroun) dans le cadre de la « politique globale de la santé » est révélatrice de la déconnexion entre les enjeux globaux et locaux de la construction du marché de cet antipaludéen. À l’épreuve du local, les « prescriptions » globales de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé sont confrontées à des difficultés d’application. Cela tient à la complexité des circuits dans lesquels circulent les antipaludéens et à la pluralité des modes de délivrance locale des médicaments.
The Ethics of Ethnographic Fieldwork in the Context of War against Migrants
Authors: Mazzocchetti Jacinthe 
Published: May 2017

Dans cet article, à partir de mes travaux d’enquête auprès des migrants catégorisés illégaux dans les îles maltaises, il s’agira de poser le cadre contextuel de la « guerre contre les migrants » et les questions éthiques qui en découlent. De fait, considérer le contexte d’enquête comme celui d’une guerre larvée ou ouverte faite aux migrants amène notamment à ouvrir les débats suivants. Premièrement, celui de la nécessité d’une analyse longitudinale, par maillons enchevêtrés, des politiques publiques en matière de migration et de leurs effets sur les migrants, mais aussi sur le chercheur et ses modalités d’enquête. Deuxièmement, celui de la manière dont l’écriture ethnographique est mise au travail par le contexte de sécurisation des frontières de plus en plus explicite et violent : notamment les questions relatives aux prises de position publiques et au soupçon de non-scientificité pour raison de militantisme ainsi que celles des formes adéquates d’écriture, soulevant la problématique de l’autocensure.
Knowing as Being, Knowing is Being
Authors: Bellè Elisa 
Published: May 2017

Que se passe-t-il lors d’une recherche ethnographique lorsqu’on « n’aime pas “ses indigènes”» (Avanza, 2008) ? Cette question, simple mais fondamentale, est à la base de l’expérience ethnographique examinée ici : une étude des processus de participation et de militantisme au sein de deux sections de la Lega Nord, formation politique italienne de matrice populiste et xénophobe. Le travail de recherche a mis en évidence de nombreuses contradictions : principalement générées par mon opposition personnelle à la politique étudiée et plus particulièrement par mon activisme dans des groupes féministes et le bloc politique de gauche. Cette implication politique et personnelle a constitué une sorte de « secret inavouable » auprès des militants/tes de Lega Nord tout au long de mon enquête. Dans cet article j’essaye d’aborder les problématiques liées à cette identité cachée en l’analysant sur trois niveaux. (1) Relationnel : les implications considérables liées à mon choix de cacher une partie aussi importante de ma personnalité vis-à-vis de la conduite de ma recherche et de la qualité des relations établies sur le terrain. (2) Epistémologique : l’histoire de mon identité cachée peut être envisagée comme une trajectoire de recherche alternative qui m’a permis de récolter d’autres données et qui conduit à des résultats différents. (3) Politique : faire de la recherche sur des sujets politiquement « détestables » oblige le/la chercheur/euse à choisir entre des « loyautés incompatibles », celles envers l’humanité des militants/tes et celle envers lui/elle-même et ses convictions (Bizeul, 2007).
Dynamique des postures de chercheurs-engagés
Authors: Daré William’s , Venot Jean-Philippe 
Published: May 2017

Le positionnement des chercheurs et des praticiens de la participation a fait l’objet de nombreuses analyses soulignant la pluralité et la complémentarité des postures adoptées notamment vis-à-vis des jeux de pouvoir. Cet article insiste sur l’aspect dynamique des postures de deux « chercheurs-engagés » ayant piloté un projet de recherche pour le développement, en appui à la politique de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau (GIRE) au Burkina Faso. Définissant l’engagement comme un positionnement à l’interface entre le politique et le scientifique, les chercheurs ont, dès la formulation du projet, explicité leur objectif de favoriser la participation dans l’application de la GIRE et d’utiliser une approche participative pour ce faire. Adoptant initialement une posture de « neutralité dialogique conditionnelle », à des fins de légitimation vis-à-vis des décideurs politiques burkinabè et de pérennisation de leurs résultats de recherche, les chercheurs ont construit le projet avec ces derniers dans le cadre d’une démarche de modélisation d’accompagnement. Face aux forts différentiels de pouvoir dans la situation d’action, bloquant toute contribution des acteurs locaux à la prise de décision sur l’eau, les chercheurs ont glissé vers une posture de « non-neutralité post-normale » : l’objectif premier a alors été de renforcer la place et le rôle des acteurs locaux dans les dispositifs participatifs afin qu’ils se réapproprient les arènes de concertation créées par le législateur. Les évolutions de postures s’expliquent à la fois par les changements observés dans la situation d’action, la compréhension que les chercheurs en ont et la volonté de préserver leur éthique d’intervention. Si, d’un point de vue heuristique, l’engagement du chercheur pour la participation dans la gestion des ressources naturelles permet de nourrir une réflexion critique sur l’action publique, il est difficile d’adopter cette posture dans le cadre de projets de recherche pour le développement et dans un contexte fortement structuré par l’aide publique au développement.
JURISDIÇÃO VOLUNTÁRIA NO CPC/2015 COMO MEIO DE RESOLUÇÃO DE ‘CONTROVÉRSIAS’ COM A ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA
Authors: Guedes Jefferson Carús 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT: And this brief study reflects on the expansion of the Voluntary Jurisdiction or noin the CPC / 2015 on the concensuality and a non-adversary field and of homologation, previously rejected, contained in the hypotheses in which one goes to court only in search of the seal of approval and peace of the agreement Extrajudicial, now expressly introduced in the VIII of art. 725 of the CPC / 2015.
It provides art. 725 of CPC / 2015, which shall "proceed in the manner set forth in this Section", that is, by voluntary jurisdiction, "the request for" (...) "homologation of out-of-court settlement of any kind or value" .
The detailed examination of the Voluntary Jurisdiction shows that this is another non-adjudicatory, non-conflicting, consensual and concerted judicial alternative for the solution of misconduct between any interested parties, but also between the administration and the Administration. It is true that there are other functions tha
The Manner of Blackness in Nella Larsen's Passing
Authors: Istvan Michael A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Commentators have suggested that Nella Larsen's Passing rejects the view that there is some sort of black essence. This article challenges this reading. Since Irene is the most vocal advocate of an essence in respect to which all blacks are homogenous, much of the evidence for thinking that Passing is skeptical about such an essence amounts to evidence for not trusting Irene's judgment in general, and for not trusting her judgment on this matter in particular. My arguments, then, will often involve explaining why Passing is not leading the reader to mistrust Irene's judgment on this matter. Now, what exactly is meant by a black essence is, explicitly in this book, mysterious. Nevertheless, this article intends to shed some light on how Passing understands the nature of this something, this je ne sais quoi, peculiar to blacks. My tentative interpretation is that this something is an intangible and indefinite manner of being that is neither a conscious choice nor an inborn fact of biology, but rather a given of culture. This article takes this, in effect, blackness manner to be, so Passing seems to indicate, a function of one's belief that one is black in a milieu of pervasive anti-black prejudice. Passing thus has something to offer those today who struggle to adjudicate between a pull towards essentialism and a pull towards constructionism. What Passing emphasizes in this discussion is the possibility that, in addition to biological and societal influences, one's mind state is a crucial ingredient to one's racial identity.
Analysis of genomic variation in lung adenocarcinoma patients revealed the critical role of PI3K complex
Authors: Deng Zhao min , Liu Lin , Qiu Wen hai , Zhang Yong qun , Zhong Hong yan , Liao Ping , Wu Yun hong 
Published: May 2017

Background
Molecularly targeted therapies improved survival status of some patients with lung adenocarcinoma, which accounts for 40% of all lung cancers, and in-depth study of gene alterations is important for the personalized treatment.

Methods
The legacy archive data of clinical information and genomic variations under the project TCGA Lung Adenocarcinoma were downloaded from the GDC Data Portal using R package TCGAbiolinks. The significantly aberrant copy number variants segments were figured out using GAIA. After annotation, the genes involving CNV were used to get enriched pathways. Recurrent amplifications and deletions were identified and visualized by OncoPrint. Genomic alterations in cancer, including CNV and mutations, were represented in Circos.

Results
The significantly aberrant CNV segments were found, and the genes involved were associated with the immune system. In an analysis of 517 mutation annotated files, we highlighted 63 highly recurrent mutated genes which were associated with lung cancer signaling. These genes involved in important pathways related to cancer progression. The intersections between the genes involving in the significantly aberrant CNV and the genes harboring recurrent somatic SNP were extracted. The PI3K protein family acted as critical roles in the lung adenocarcinoma, since the components of the PI3K protein family include PIK3C2B, PIK3CA, PIK3R1 and so forth were presented in the intersections.

Conclusion
We represented a comprehensive annotation of genomic alterations in lung adenocarcinoma and proposed that PI3K signaling proteins were critical for it.
Impact of assimilating GOES imager clear‐sky radiance with a rapid refresh assimilation system for convection‐permitting forecast over Mexico
Authors: Yang Chun , Liu Zhiquan , Gao Feng , Childs Peter P. , Min Jinzhong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imager data could provide a continuous image of the evolutionary pattern of severe weather phenomena with its high spatial and temporal resolution. The capability to assimilate the GOES imager radiances has been developed within the Weather Research and Forecasting model's data assimilation system. Compared to the benchmark experiment with no GOES imager data, the impact of assimilating GOES imager radiances on the analysis and forecast of convective process over Mexico in 7–10 March 2016 was assessed through analysis/forecast cycling experiments using rapid refresh assimilation system with hybrid‐3DEnVar scheme. With GOES imager radiance assimilation, better analyses were obtained in terms of the humidity, temperature, and simulated water vapor channel brightness temperature distribution. Positive forecast impacts from assimilating GOES imager radiance were seen when verified against the Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Reporting observation, GOES imager observation, and Mexico station precipitation data.
Modeling rates of DOC degradation using DOM composition and hydroclimatic variables
Authors: Moody C. S. , Worrall F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe fluvial fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from peatlands form an important part of that ecosystem's carbon cycle, contributing approximately 35% of the overall peatland carbon budget. The in‐stream processes acting on the DOC, such as photodegradation and biodegradation, can lead to DOC loss and thus contribute CO2 to the atmosphere. The aim of this study was to understand what controls the rates of DOC degradation. Water samples from a headwater, peat‐covered catchment, were collected over a 23 month period and analyzed for the DOC degradation rate and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in the context of hydroclimatic monitoring. Measures of DOM composition included 13C solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, bomb calorimetry, and elemental analysis. Regression analysis showed that there was a significant role for the composition of the DOM in controlling degradation with degradation rates significantly increasing with the proportion of aldehyde and carboxylic acid functional groups but decreasing with the proportion of N‐alkyl functional groups. The highest rates of DOC degradation occurred when aldehyde functionality was at its greatest and this occurred on the recession limb of storm hydrographs. Including this knowledge into models of fluvial carbon fate for an 818 km2 catchment gave an annual average DOC removal rate of 67% and 50% for total organic carbon, slightly lower than previously predicted. The compositional controls suggest that DOM is primarily being used as a ready energy source to the aquatic ecosystem rather than as a nutrient source.
Mechanistic modeling of microbial interactions at pore to profile scale resolve methane emission dynamics from permafrost soil
Authors: Ebrahimi Ali , Or Dani 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe sensitivity of polar regions to raising global temperatures is reflected in rapidly changing hydrological processes associated with pronounced seasonal thawing of permafrost soil and increased biological activity. Of particular concern is the potential release of large amounts of soil carbon and stimulation of other soil‐borne greenhouse gas emissions such as methane. Soil methanotrophic and methanogenic microbial communities rapidly adjust their activity and spatial organization in response to permafrost thawing and other environmental factors. Soil structural elements such as aggregates and layering affect oxygen and nutrient diffusion processes thereby contributing to methanogenic activity within temporal anoxic niches (hot spots). We developed a mechanistic individual‐based model to quantify microbial activity dynamics in soil pore networks considering transport processes and enzymatic activity associated with methane production in soil. The model was upscaled from single aggregates to the soil profile where freezing/thawing provides macroscopic boundary conditions for microbial activity at different soil depths. The model distinguishes microbial activity in aerate bulk soil from aggregates (or submerged profile) for resolving methane production and oxidation rates. Methane transport pathways by diffusion and ebullition of bubbles vary with hydration dynamics. The model links seasonal thermal and hydrologic dynamics with evolution of microbial community composition and function affecting net methane emissions in good agreement with experimental data. The mechanistic model enables systematic evaluation of key controlling factors in thawing permafrost and microbial response (e.g., nutrient availability and enzyme activity) on long‐term methane emissions and carbon decomposition rates in the rapidly changing polar regions.
Coincident aboveground and belowground autonomous monitoring to quantify covariability in permafrost, soil, and vegetation properties in Arctic tundra
Authors: Dafflon Baptiste , Oktem Rusen , Peterson John , Ulrich Craig , Tran Anh Phuong , Romanovsky Vladimir , Hubbard Susan S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCoincident monitoring of the spatiotemporal distribution of and interactions between land, soil, and permafrost properties is important for advancing our understanding of ecosystem dynamics. In this study, a novel monitoring strategy was developed to quantify complex Arctic ecosystem responses to the seasonal freeze‐thaw‐growing season conditions. The strategy exploited autonomous measurements obtained through electrical resistivity tomography to monitor soil properties, pole‐mounted optical cameras to monitor vegetation dynamics, point probes to measure soil temperature, and periodic manual measurements of thaw layer thickness, snow thickness, and soil dielectric permittivity. The spatially and temporally dense monitoring data sets revealed several insights about tundra system behavior at a site located near Barrow, AK. In the active layer, the soil electrical conductivity (a proxy for soil water content) indicated an increasing positive correlation with the green chromatic coordinate (a proxy for vegetation vigor) over the growing season, with the strongest correlation (R = 0.89) near the typical peak of the growing season. Soil conductivity and green chromatic coordinate also showed significant positive correlations with thaw depth, which is influenced by soil and surface properties. In the permafrost, soil electrical conductivity revealed annual variations in solute concentration and unfrozen water content, even at temperatures well below 0°C in saline permafrost. These conditions may contribute to an acceleration of long‐term thaw in Coastal permafrost regions. Demonstration of this first aboveground and belowground geophysical monitoring approach within an Arctic ecosystem illustrates its significant potential to remotely “visualize” permafrost, soil, and vegetation ecosystem codynamics in high resolution over field relevant scales.
Association between T102C 5‐HT2A receptor gene polymorphism and 5‐year mortality risk among Brazilian Amazon riparian elderly population
Authors: Silva Tális O. , Jung Ivo , Trott Alexis , Bica Cláudia G. , Casarin Jeferson N. , Fortuna Paola C. , Ribeiro Euler E. , de Assis Fernanda D. , Figueira Guilherme C. , Barbisan Fernanda , Fernanda Manica‐Cattani Maria , Bonadiman Beatriz S. R. , Houenou Lucien J. , Prado‐Lima Pedro Antônio S. do , da Cruz Ivana B. M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveSerotonin (5‐HT) is a pleiotropic molecule that exerts several functions on brain and peripheral tissues via different receptors. The gene for the 5‐HT2A receptor shows some variations, including a T102C polymorphism, that have been associated with increased risk of neuropsychiatric and vascular disorders. However, the potential impact of 5‐HT2A imbalance caused by genetic variations on the human lifespan has not yet been established.METHODSWe performed a prospective study involving an Amazon riparian elderly free‐living population in Maués City, Brazil, with a 5‐year follow‐up. Out of a cohort of 637 subjects selected in July, 2009, we genotyped 471 individuals, including 209 males (44.4%) and 262 females (55.6%), all averaging 72.3 ± 7.8 years of age (ranging from 60 to 100 years).RESULTSThe T102C‐SNP genotypic frequencies were 14.0% TT, 28.0% CC, and 58.0% CT. From 80 elderly individuals who died during the period investigated, we observed significantly (P = .005) higher numbers of TT carriers (27.3%) and CC carriers (21.2%), compared to heterozygous CT carriers (12.5%). Cox‐regression analysis showed that association between the T102C‐SNP and elderly survival was independent of age, sex, and other health variables.CONCLUSIONSOur findings strongly suggest that imbalance in 5‐HT2A may cause significant disturbances that lead to an increased susceptibility to death for individuals who are over 60 years of age.
On the question of Anadara antiquata bivalve scrapers in the archaeological record of Tonga
Authors: HUARD KODY , BURLEY DAVID 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTExpedient shell tool use among Oceanic peoples is widely known in ethnographic context but oftentimes almost impossible to identify in the archaeological record. This paper examines Anadara antiquata bivalve scrapers, a potential artefact type in the Kingdom of Tonga that is defined by a consistently formed ventral margin. To assess the veracity of tool identification and to ensure that the edge has not been created through natural breakage, a series of experimental studies was undertaken. These illustrate that the functional edge can be formed only through intentional preparation using an inside‐out flaking technique on the ventral lip. A low‐powered starch test on archaeological specimens further illustrates the presence of starch on the prepared working plane. Finally, an analysis of archaeological specimens from five Tongan sites seeks additional insight on morphological variation within the tool type.
Partial trisomy 9: prenatal diagnosis and recurrence within same family
Authors: López‐Félix Jana , Flores‐Gallegos Leticia , Garduño‐Zarazúa Luz , Leis‐Márquez Teresa , Juárez‐García Luz , Meléndez‐Hernández Ricardo , Castelazo‐Morales Ernesto , Mayén‐Molina Dora 
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical MessageTrisomy 9 can be suspected and confirmed in the prenatal period since the 11–13.6 weeks of screening. In cases of partial trisomy 9, the diagnosis is important especially to counseling the couple due to the increased likelihood of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.
Synthesis of a Highly Active and Stable Nickel‐Embedded Alumina Catalyst for Methane Dry Reforming: On the Confinement Effects of Alumina Shells for Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Qiong , Fang Xiuzhong , Cheng Qinzhen , Li Qian , Xu Xianglan , Xu Luoji , Liu Wenming , Gao Zhixian , Zhou Wufeng , Wang Xiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA 12 % Ni@Al2O3 catalyst was synthesized by using an inverse microemulsion technique and evaluated for the dry reforming of methane (DRM). We used TEM to reveal that the core–shell structure was formed successfully in the 12 % Ni@Al2O3 catalyst, in which the Ni nanoparticle cores with an average grain size around 10 nm are encapsulated by mesoporous Al2O3 shells. In comparison with a 12 % Ni/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by an impregnation method, much smaller Ni grain sizes and higher metallic Ni active surface areas can be achieved in the core–shell catalyst, which was evidenced by using TEM and H2 adsorption–desorption analysis. In addition, a larger amount of active oxygen species was formed on the surface of 12 % Ni@Al2O3 than on 12 % Ni/Al2O3. Importantly, the formation of the core–shell structure in 12 % Ni@Al2O3 can effectively impede the migration of the Ni active species at elevated temperatures, which prevents agglomeration. Consequently, the 12 % Ni@Al2O3 core–shell catalyst shows a remarkable activity and stability and a potent coke resistance during a 50 h durability evaluation at 800 °C for DRM. It is believed that the core–shell structure is the major factor that accounts for the superior DRM performance over that of the 12 % Ni@Al2O3 catalyst, which might open a new way for the design and development of improved catalysts for DRM for hydrogen production.