bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of women with learning disabilities undergoing dialectical behaviour therapy in a secure service
Authors: Thomson Michaela , Johnson Paula 
Published: January 2017

Accessible summary

Dialectical behaviour therapy is a “talking” therapy developed by Marsha Linehan. It helps people who are living in the community and also living in hospitals and people who may have problems managing their emotions.
In recent years, dialectical behaviour therapy has been used to help people with learning disabilities cope with feelings of anxiety, trauma‐related disorders and mood disorders, but there are not many research papers showing how it is used in forensic learning disability services.
This research tells the story of seven women with learning disabilities who took part in dialectical behaviour therapy whilst living in a forensic service.
Their story and experiences are important in research literature and will help other services to think about what is needed when they introduce a new type of therapy such as dialectical behaviour therapy
.AbstractBackgroundThis research aimed to capture the experiences of women with learning disabilities living in secure services who undertook dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT); they were the first people to do this in the trust. It is hoped their experiences may guide and inform other services undertaking the same process.Materials and MethodsInterpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to provide a flexible framework to make sense of the way the women interpreted their experiences.Results and DiscussionThe analysis identified three main themes: How you do DBT, What we think about DBT, Using DBT. The qualitative approach adds a valuable contribution to the wider literature, highlighting the importance of capturing the women's voices.ConclusionAs most published literature regarding the effectiveness of DBT is not written from first hand service user experiences, it is hoped this research offers a unique insight into these women's experience.
Malocclusion traits and oral health‐related quality of life in Finnish adults
Authors: Masood Mohd , Suominen Anna L. , Pietila Terttu , Lahti Satu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine the association of increased overjet, cross‐bite/scissor‐bite and increased overbite/open bite with oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) among Finnish adults using nationally representative data.MethodsPart of the data from the Health 2000 Survey, Finland, was used in this study. A total of 4711 people were included, representing adults aged ≥30 years. The outcome variable was OHRQoL severity which was measured using the 14‐item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14). Three malocclusion traits (increased overjet, cross‐bite/scissor‐bite and increased overbite/open bite) were used as explanatory variables. Age group, marital status, education level, income, employment status, having at least one decayed tooth or periodontal pocket ≥6 mm, the number of contacting pairs of teeth, denture status and self‐reported general health status were controlled for. A series of multivariable zero‐Inflated Poisson (ZIP) models were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for the nonzero scores and odds ratios (OR) of having no event.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of increased overjet was 8.4%, while it was 23.6% for cross‐bite/scissor‐bite and 6.7% for increased overbite/open bite. The mean (SE) OHIP‐14 (OHRQoL severity) was 2.8 (0.92); the mean score was highest in the pain domain and lowest in the physical and social disability domains. The mean OHIP‐14 score was higher in people with increased overjet but not significantly different in people with cross‐bite/scissor‐bite or with increased overbite/open bite. In multivariate ZIP models, people with increased overjet had a 10% higher OHIP‐14 score than people with normal overjet. Increased overjet was associated only with the physical disability domain. Cross‐bite/scissor‐bite was associated only with the social disability domain, and psychological disability was associated with increased overbite/open bite.ConclusionPeople with increased overjet had significantly poorer OHRQoL than people with normal overjet in a nationally representative population of Finnish adults ≥30 years. Other malocclusion traits were not associated with OHRQoL. However, all three malocclusion traits were associated with either physical or psychological or social disability domains of the OHRQoL.
Renminbi Exchange Rate: Peg to A Wide Band Currency Basket
Authors: Yu Yongding , Zhang Bin , Zhang Ming 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPersistent renminbi (RMB) devaluation expectations are one of the greatest threats to China's macroeconomic stability. Market interventions backed by huge foreign exchange reserves and capital controls are not sufficient to eliminate the expectations of devaluation. Creating a market‐based and flexible RMB exchange rate regime holds the key to the elimination of devaluation expectations. The present paper compares the pros and cons of several policy options, and proposes to introduce, as a transition to free floating, a new exchange rate regime pegged to a currency basket with a wide band. The new regime should be able to give the RMB exchange rate enough flexibility to eliminate devaluation expectations as well as prevent excessive overshooting. To ensure a smooth transition, the new regime needs to be supported by controlling cross‐border capital flows.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Export on Urbanization: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Chunlai , Wu Yan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports on urbanization in China. Using prefecture city‐level panel data covering China's 262 prefecture cities for the period 2004–2013 and employing a dynamic panel system generalized method of moments model with instrumental variable regression techniques, our study finds that FDI and exports have, on average, played a significantly positive role in China's urbanization. However, the impacts of FDI and exports on urbanization vary across regions. FDI has a positive and significant impact on urbanization in the coastal region but has no impact on urbanization in the inland region. Exports have a positive and significant impact on urbanization in both the coastal and inland regions, but the effect is much larger in the coastal region than in the inland region. The results imply that further attracting FDI inflows and promoting exports will contribute to China's urbanization, especially for the inland region.
Beyond Hybridity to the Politics of Scale: International Intervention and ‘Local’ Politics
Authors: Hameiri Shahar , Jones Lee 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe evident failures of international peacebuilding and statebuilding interventions (PSBIs) have recently prompted a focus on the interaction between interventions and target societies and states. Especially popular has been the ‘hybridity’ approach, which understands forms of peace and governance emerging through the mixing of local and international agendas and institutions. This article argues that hybridity is a highly problematic optic. Despite contrary claims, hybridity scholarship falsely dichotomizes ‘local’ and ‘international’ ideal‐typical assemblages, and incorrectly presents outcomes as stemming from conflict and accommodation between them. Scholarship in political geography and state theory provides better tools for explaining PSBIs’ outcomes as reflecting socio‐political contestation over power and resources. We theorize PSBIs as involving a politics of scale, where different social forces promote and resist alternative scales and modes of governance, depending on their interests and agendas. Contestation between these forces, which may be located at different scales and involved in complex, tactical, multi‐scalar alliances, explains the uneven outcomes of international intervention. We demonstrate this using a case study of East Timor, focusing on decentralization and land policy.
BKV‐specific T cells in the treatment of severe refractory haemorrhagic cystitis after HLA‐haploidentical haematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Pello Oscar M. , Innes Andrew J. , Bradshaw Anne , Finn Sally‐Anne , Uddin Shab , Bray Emma , Olavarria Eduardo , Apperley Jane F. , Pavlů Jiří 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundHaemorrhagic cystitis caused by BK virus (BKV) is a known complication of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and is relatively common following HLA‐haploidentical transplantation. Adoptive immunotransfer of virus‐specific T cells from the donor is a promising therapeutic approach, although production of these cells is challenging, particularly when dealing with low‐frequency T cells such as BKV‐specific T cells.Case reportHere, we present a patient who, following haploidentical HCT, developed severe BKV haemorrhagic cystitis, resistant to standard therapy. He responded well to adoptive transfer of donor cells enriched in BKV‐specific T cells using the new second‐generation CliniMACS Prodigy and the Cytokine Capture System from Miltenyi Biotec. Treatment led to full resolution of both the symptoms and viraemia without unwanted complications.ConclusionOur observations suggest that use of products enriched with BKV‐specific T cells generated using this system is safe and efficient in HLA‐haploidentical HCT where BKV cystitis can be a serious complication.
Disabled‐1 dorsal horn spinal cord neurons co‐express Lmx1b and function in nociceptive circuits
Authors: Yvone Griselda M. , Zhao‐Fleming Hannah H. , Udeochu Joe C. , Chavez‐Martinez Carmine L. , Wang Austin , Hirose‐Ikeda Megumi , Phelps Patricia E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Reelin‐signaling pathway is essential for correct neuronal positioning within the central nervous system. Mutant mice with a deletion of Reelin, its lipoprotein receptors, or its intracellular adaptor protein Disabled‐1 (Dab1), exhibit nociceptive abnormalities: thermal (heat) hyperalgesia and reduced mechanical sensitivity. To determine dorsal horn alterations associated with these nociceptive abnormalities, we first characterized the correctly positioned Dab1 neurons in wild‐type and mispositioned neurons in Reelin‐signaling pathway mutant lumbar spinal cord. Using immunofluorescence, we found that 70% of the numerous Dab1 neurons in Reln+/+ laminae I–II and 67% of those in the lateral reticulated area and lateral spinal nucleus (LSN) co‐express the LIM‐homeobox transcription factor 1 beta (Lmx1b), an excitatory glutamatergic neuron marker. Evidence of Dab1‐ and Dab1‐Lmx1b neuronal positioning errors was found within the isolectin B4 terminal region of Reln−/− lamina IIinner and in the lateral reticulated area and LSN, where about 50% of the Dab1‐Lmx1b neurons are missing. Importantly, Dab1‐Lmx1b neurons in laminae I–II and the lateral reticulated area express Fos after noxious thermal or mechanical stimulation and thus participate in these circuits. In another pain relevant locus – the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN), we also found about a 50% loss of Dab1‐Lmx1b neurons in Reln−/− mice. We suggest that extensively mispositioned Dab1 projection neurons in the lateral reticulated area, LSN, and LCN and the more subtle positioning errors of Dab1 interneurons in laminae I–II contribute to the abnormalities in pain responses found in Reelin‐signaling pathway mutants.
Relationship between gustatory function and average number of taste buds per fungiform papilla measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy in humans
Authors: Saito Takehisa , Ito Tetsufumi , Ito Yumi , Manabe Yasuhiro , Sano Kazuo 
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the gustatory function and average number of taste buds per fungiform papilla (FP) in humans. Systemically healthy volunteers (n = 211), pre‐operative patients with chronic otitis media (n = 79), and postoperative patients, with or without a chorda tympani nerve (CTN) severed during middle ear surgery (n = 63), were included. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was employed to observe fungiform taste buds because it allows many FP to be observed non‐invasively in a short period of time. Taste buds in an average of 10 FP in the midlateral region of the tongue were counted. In total, 3,849 FP were observed in 353 subjects. The gustatory function was measured by electrogustometry (EGM). An inverse relationship was found between the gustatory function and average number of fungiform taste buds per papilla. The healthy volunteers showed a lower EGM threshold (better gustatory function) and had more taste buds than did the patients with otitis media, and the patients with otitis media showed a lower EGM threshold and had more taste buds than did postoperative patients, reflecting the severity of damage to the CTN. It was concluded that the confocal laser scanning microscope is a very useful tool for using to observe a large number of taste buds non‐invasively.
Malformation risk of antiepileptic drug exposure during pregnancy in women with epilepsy: Results from a pregnancy registry in South India
Authors: Thomas Sanjeev V. , Jose Manna , Divakaran Srividya , Sankara Sarma Prabhakaran 
Published: January 2017

SummaryObjectiveKerala Registry of Epilepsy and Pregnancy had been prospectively evaluating the reproductive issues of women with epilepsy since April 1998. This analysis aimed to estimate the relative risk of major congenital malformations (MCM) to the registrants.MethodsAll pregnancies with known outcome in this register until December 2013 were included. Malformation status was evaluated by antenatal ultrasonography, physical examination at birth, echocardiography, and abdomen ultrasonography at 3 months of age and a final review at 1 year of age.ResultsThere were 1,688 fetuses (singlets 1,643, twins 21, and triplet 1) resulting in 1,622 live births. All were born to women of Asian origin living in South India. TheMCMrate for all live births was 6.84% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.71–8.18) and for all pregnancy outcomes including fetal loss was 7.11% (95%CI5.98–8.44). TheMCMrates (mean with 95%CI) for exposed group were 6.4% (5.03–8.03) for monotherapy and 9.9% (7.37–13.13) for polytherapy; internal control group (women with epilepsy [WWE] not on antiepileptic drugs [AEDs] in first trimester) 5.6% (3.34–9.11), external control group (women without epilepsy orAEDexposure in first trimester) 3.45% (1.94–6.07). Valproate monotherapy group had a dose‐dependent relative risk forMCMof 2.6 (95%CI1.30–5.20) compared to the external control group. The preliminary data onMCMrate for the nine total clobazam monotherapy (22.2%; 95%CI6.2–54.7) signals increased risk that needs further validation on larger sample size. There was no association betweenMCMrate and maternal socioeconomic status, epilepsy syndrome, or use of folic acid in first trimester.SignificanceThis dataset from South India confirms the increased risk ofMCMwith exposure toAEDs, particularly polytherapy. A dose‐dependent increased risk was observed with valproate. The increased risk associated with clobazam monotherapy is an important signal that needs to be confirmed in a larger sample.
Carvacrol after status epilepticus (SE) prevents recurrent SE, early seizures, cell death, and cognitive decline
Authors: Khalil Aytakin , Kovac Stjepana , Morris Gareth , Walker Matthew C. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryObjectiveCarvacrol is a naturally occurring monoterpenic phenol that has been suggested to have an action at transient receptor potential cation subfamily M7 (TRPM7) channels, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABAA receptors, and sodium channels, and has been shown to be antiinflammatory. Carvacrol is neuroprotective in models of cerebral ischemia in vivo and in vitro, probably through its action at TRPM7 channels. We therefore aimed to determine the effect of carvacrol on status epilepticus (SE), chronic epilepsy, cell death, and post‐SE cognitive decline.MethodsWe performed long‐term, continuous wireless electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring in vivo in rats who underwent perforant path stimulation (PPS) to induce SE and were then randomized to treatment with carvacrol or saline. We also evaluated TRPM7 receptor expression and quantified seizure‐induced cell death. The alternating T‐maze paradigm was used to assess memory function.ResultsImmunostaining showed that TRPM7 channels are widely expressed in neurons within the hippocampus. We found that carvacrol inhibited recurrent SE and early seizures in vivo, but had no detectable effect in the hippocampus on paired‐pulse inhibition or the fiber volley, indicating that it was not acting through sodium channel inhibition or GABA receptors. Although the development and severity of chronic epilepsy were not altered by carvacrol, cognitive decline was significantly improved in animals treated with carvacrol. In keeping with preserved memory functions in animals treated with carvacrol, carvacrol had a protective effect against SE‐induced cell death in CA1 and hilus, the hippocampal regions most affected by cell loss in the PPS epilepsy model.SignificanceCarvacrol, a naturally occurring inhibitor of TRPM7 channels, is a novel, promising treatment to prevent early recurrence of SE, SE‐related neuronal damage, and cognitive decline.
Use of the ketogenic diet in the neonatal intensive care unit—Safety and tolerability
Authors: Thompson Lindsey , Fecske Erin , Salim Mohammad , Hall Ara 
Published: January 2017

SummaryDrug‐resistant epilepsy poses a challenge in neonatal patients, especially those in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), who have various secondary comorbidities. We present results of four children with a history of drug‐resistant epilepsy for whom a ketogenic diet was initiated and used in the NICU. A nonfasting induction into ketosis over 1–2 weeks was utilized, with gradual increases in the ketogenic ratio every 2–3 days. Data were collected retrospectively from a database, which included medical history, daily progress notes, relevant laboratory data, and imaging and diagnostic information. The ketogenic diet was well tolerated in all cases. The most common side effects observed were constipation, hypoglycemia, and weight loss. Serum β‐hydroxybutyrate levels demonstrated improved reliability as a marker of ketosis when compared to urine ketones in this population. Perceived benefits to the infants included improved seizure control, increased alertness, and decreased need for invasive respiratory support. These cases demonstrate that the use of the ketogenic diet for treatment of neonatal encephalopathy and refractory epilepsy can be undertaken safely in the NICU and is well tolerated by carefully screened neonates and infants.
Are Odd‐Lot Orders Informed?
Authors: Upson James , Johnson Hardy 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUsing a version of the ITCH data set time stamped to the millisecond, O'Hara, Yao and Ye find that odd‐lot trades are highly informed. However, NASDAQ reports trades based on the size of the resting limit order, creating a bias in the count of odd‐lot trades. Using ITCH data from 2013, time stamped to the nanosecond, we find that roughly 50% of odd‐lot trades are created by the resting limit order and are part of larger marketable orders. We show that odd‐lot marketable orders are not more informed than round/mixed lot marketable orders.
Modelling giant red shrimp larval dispersal in the Sardinian seas: density and connectivity scenarios
Authors: Palmas Francesco , Olita Antonio , Addis Piero , Sorgente Roberto , Sabatini Andrea 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe connectivity and three‐dimensional (3D) dispersion of the larvae of giant red shrimp, potentially released from known spawning areas along the Sardinia slope in the western Mediterranean Sea, were assessed using Lagrangian simulations forced by a 3D submesoscale permitting a regional ocean model. Biophysical simulations using the hydrodynamic conditions of the year 2012 were run to track propagules released from known spawning areas during the spawning period (May to September). Passive transport (PT) and vertical migration (VM) scenarios were tested, each with two possible pelagic larval durations (PLDs) of 21 or 42 days. Dispersion of propagules in the PT and VM scenarios differed in terms of travelled distance, export out of the domain (larger for VM), and depth distribution (shallower and bimodal for VM due to the larger variability of encountered currents). Connectivity patterns were investigated among eight release areas, and four predetermined Eco‐Regions, and results showed strong connectivity among the North‐Western (NW), Western (W), and Southern (S) regions of Sardinia, whereas the Eastern region was more segregated. Differences in connectivity patterns among scenarios were related mainly to the tendency of greater retention of propagules in the release area for the PT scenarios. This finding, together with existing hypotheses of vertical migration likely occurring during first egg‐larval phases, suggest that the VM scenarios are the most probable of the two hypotheses tested. Strong connectivity between the W and S sides of Sardinia and the relative isolation of the E side could have significant implications for the protection of this important resource.
Effects of a marine‐protected area occurred incidentally after the Great East Japan Earthquake on the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) population off northeastern Honshu, Japan
Authors: Narimatsu Yoji , Shibata Yasutoki , Hattori Tsutomu , Yano Toshikazu , Nagao Jiro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe population of Pacific cod inhabiting off northeastern Honshu Japan has remarkably increased in the 3 yr after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. We examined the processes and factors leading to this increase based on the results of estimations of commercial catch and fishing activities, and trawl surveys. Pacific cod was highly exploited from 1 yr old before 2011. However, fishing pressure has markedly decreased after 2011 in the area around Fukushima waters. Fish abundance in 2013 and 2014 was estimated to be more than four‐fold of the maximum amount before 2011. The cohort structure of the population in 2013 and 2014 was primarily composed of 2–4‐yr‐old fish (2010–2011 yr classes) whereas the population in pre‐2011 was primarily of 1‐yr‐old fish. The 2010–2011 yr classes had almost the same population sizes until 1.3 yr old to the pre‐2009 yr classes, but became much higher more than 2.8 yr old. Pacific cod from 1.3 to 2.8 yr old were concentrated in the area off Fukushima Prefecture. These results suggest that Pacific cod increased post‐2011 not because of the occurrence of strong year classes followed by good recruitments but because of the lower mortality after recruitment owing to reduced fishing mortality. Waters off Fukushima, the primary nursery of Pacific cod, are effectively serving as a marine protected area after the tsunami events. A close coincidence between the nursery area of young fish and the protected area strongly altered the age composition of the population and enhanced fish abundance.