bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Care of Hospitalized Infective Endocarditis Patients: Report from a Tertiary Medical Center
Authors: Kashef Mohammad Amin , Friderici Jennifer , Hernandez‐Montfort Jaime , Atreya Auras R. , Lindenauer Peter , Lagu Tara 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVEThere have been no recent studies describing the management and outcomes of patients with infective endocarditis (IE).PATIENTS AND METHODSWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to a tertiary medical center from 2007 to 2011 with a Duke criteria consistent discharge diagnosis of IE. We examined concordance with guideline recommendations. Outcomes included embolic events, inhospital and 1‐year mortality, length of stay (LOS) and cardiac surgery. We used descriptive statistics to describe the cohort and Fisher exact and unpaired t tests to compare native valve endocarditis (NVE) with prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE).RESULTSOf 170 patients, definite IE was present in 135 (79.4%) and possible IE in 35 (20.6%); 74.7% had NVE, and 25.3% had PVE. Mean ± standard deviation age was 60.0 ± 17.9 years. Comparing PVE to NVE, patients with PVE were less likely to have embolic events (14.0% vs. 32.3%; P = 0.03), had shorter LOS (median 12.0 days vs. 14.0 days; P = 0.047), but they did not show a statistically significant difference in inhospital mortality (20.9% vs. 12.6%; P = 0.21). Of 170, patients 27.6% (n = 47) underwent valve surgery. Most patients received timely blood cultures and antibiotics. Guideline‐recommended consults were underused, with 86.5%, 54.1%, and 47.1% of patients receiving infectious disease, cardiac surgery, and cardiology consultation, respectively. As the number of consultations increased (from 0 to 3), we observed a nonsignificant trend toward reduction in 6‐month readmission and 12‐month mortality.CONCLUSIONIE remains a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. There are gaps in the care of IE patients, most notably underuse of specialty consultation.
Rates, Predictors and Variability of Interhospital Transfers: A National Evaluation
Authors: Mueller Stephanie K. , Zheng Jie , Orav E. John , Schnipper Jeffrey L. 
Published: June 2017

IMPORTANCEInterhospital transfer (IHT) remains a largely unstudied process of care.OBJECTIVETo determine the nationwide frequency of, patient and hospital‐level predictors of, and hospital variability in IHT.DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGCenters for Medicare and Medicaid 2013 100% Master Beneficiary Summary and Inpatient claims files merged with 2013 American Hospital Association data.PATIENTSBeneficiaries ≥65 years and older enrolled in Medicare A and B, with an acute care hospitalization claim in 2013.EXPOSURESPatient and hospital characteristics of transferred and nontransferred patients.MEASUREMENTSFrequency of interhospital transfers (IHT); adjusted odds of transfer of each patient and each hospital characteristic; and variability in hospital transfer rates.RESULTSOf 6.6 million eligible beneficiaries with an acute care hospitalization, 101,507 (1.5%) underwent IHT. Selected characteristics associated with greater adjusted odds of transfer included: patient age 74‐85 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.38 compared with 65‐74 years; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.33‐2.43); nonblack race (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.13‐1.20); higher comorbidity (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.36‐1.37); lower diagnosis‐related group–weight (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.95‐2.09); fewer recent hospitalizations (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.79‐1.95); and hospitalization in the Northeast (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27‐1.55). Higher case mix index of the hospital was associated with a lower adjusted odds of transfer (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.30‐0.45). Variability in hospital transfer rates remained significant after adjustment for patient and hospital characteristics (variance 0.28, P = 0.01).CONCLUSIONSIn this nationally representative evaluation, we found that a sizable number of patients undergo IHT. We identified both expected and unexpected patient and hospital‐level predictors of IHT, as well as unexplained variability in hospital transfer rates, suggesting lack of standardization of this complex care transition. Our study highlights further investigative avenues to help guide best practices in IHT.
Provisión pública y oferta privada de medicamentos contra las enfermedades venéreas. Argentina 1930-1945
Authors: Biernat Carolina , Simonetto Patricio 
Published: June 2017

Objetivos: contribuir a la investigación sobre la vinculación entre la política sanitaria de profilaxis venérea y el proceso de producción, importación y circulación de medicamentos para el tratamiento de los “males secretos” durante el siglo xx en Argentina. Desarrollo: desde 1936 el Estado desplegó una política de profilaxis venérea que otorgó prerrogativas a los grupos privados para la producción e importación de fármacos. Mientras el Departamento Nacional de Higiene promovió un tratamiento estandarizado de las dolencias, los laboratorios privados usaron publicidades para construir, ampliar y segmentar el mercado consumidor. En este artículo destacamos cómo el mensaje de las propagandas de medicamentos contra las dolencias de transmisión sexual en las revistas médicas tenía como fin transformar a los galenos en agentes de recomendación de dichos productos. Conclusiones: el tratamiento estandarizado impuesto por la burocracia sanitaria estimuló la producción, importación y oferta de fármacos de laboratorios nacionales y extranjeros. Los anuncios publicitarios apelaron al galeno como portador de un criterio legítimo para el consumo de medicamentos. Los laboratorios nanciaron revistas de grupos de galenos con el fin de ampliar el consumo de sus productos entre los pacientes de estos.
Managing Posterior Price Matching: The Role of Customer Boundedly Rational Expectations
Authors: Huang Tingliang , Yin Zhe , Chen Ying-Ju 
Published: June 2017

The posterior price-matching policy, whereby a firm promises to reimburse the price difference to a customer who purchases a product before the firm marks it down, has been used in practice. The extensive literature has offered the following explanations for why posterior price matching is adopted: to reduce inventory, to soften competition, to price discriminate consumers, and to eliminate consumer strategic waiting incentives. In this paper, we provide a novel explanation and investigate the role of consumer bounded rationality in the sense of anecdotal reasoning. We adopt a simple model that allows us to isolate the role of customer bounded rationality on using posterior price matching. We demonstrate that while it is never optimal to adopt posterior price matching when consumers have rational expectations, it can be optimal when they have boundedly rational expectations. We show when and how a seller can intentionally mark down with some probability and adopt price matching to make a profit. Ignoring customer bounded rationality can result in a significant profit loss. Then, we build a dynamic programming model to investigate how the firm should dynamically manage its markdowns over the long run. We show that a cyclic policy switching between a high and low markdown probability is typically optimal for exploiting customer bounded rationality. We characterize the nature of the cyclic policy and the range in which it is optimal. Our findings underscore the importance of consumer bounded rationality and provide managerial and practical guidelines on how to manage price matching when customers are boundedly rational. The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2016.0612 .
Prospects of Wood-Based Energy Alternatives in Revitalizing the Economy Impacted by Decline in the Pulp and Paper Industry
Authors: Poudyal Neelam C. , Joshi Omkar , Taylor Adam M. , Hodges Donald G. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Recently, the US forest product industry has seen remarkable shifts in market demand for traditional forest products. The displacement of paper demand by new electronic media and communication technology has led to the closure of several pulp and paper–based manufacturing facilities across the nation. The closure of such facilities can have devastating impacts on forest communities in the mills' fiber shed area, particularly forest landowners, loggers, truckers, and others involved in the supply chain. Sustaining forest-dependent communities need viable economic alternatives. Development agencies at the local and regional levels need to fully understand the feasibility of new forest-based alternatives. With a case of 24 counties that made up the hardwood fiber shed for a recently closed pulp mill, this study analyzed the feasibility of three alternatives in revitalizing the affected economy through utilizing the surplus fiber and creating new opportunities for the displaced workforce. Although investment in each business alternative is likely to yield positive return on investment for the region, expected impacts on jobs and industrial output varied considerably. Compared with wood pellet and bioelectricity, the bio-oil industry is likely to generate jobs that will not only offset the current job deficit but also create additional opportunities. Results from a multiregional input–output analysis revealed spillover economic opportunities beyond the impacted areas. Findings will be useful in guiding sustainable business and investment decisions as well as understanding the anticipated community benefits of energy-based industries in revitalizing economies affected by the declining market demand for traditional forest products.
School choice or the politics of desperation? Black and Latinx parents of students with dis/abilities selecting charter schools in Chicago
Authors: Waitoller Federico R. , Super Gia 
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we focus on the city of Chicago to examine how Black and Latinx parents of students with dis/abilities engage with school choice. Using analytical tools from grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1990) and a theoretical lens informed by critical notions of space, race and dis/ability, we analyze interviews with parents of students with dis/abilities, field notes, and various artifacts from charter schools (e.g., student handbooks and websites). We found that parents engaged with the politics of desperation (Stovall, 2013): an assemblage of thoughts and rationales to make school decisions amid poor and ableist educational options for Black and Latinx students with dis/abilities. We found that the neoliberal restructuring of urban education space was a driving force shaping parents’ engagement with the politics of desperation. Thus, our study sheds light on the relationship between race, dis/ability, and urban spatial restructuring.
Neoliberalism, Resistance, and Self-Limiting Language
Authors: Lubienski Christopher 
Published: June 2017

This discussion offers an overview of the articles and themes developed by the papers in this special issue on Chicago school reform, and also some critical comments on such scholarship. It highlights how these reforms are not organic, as they are often portrayed, but are instead a result of strategic efforts by policymakers and special interests. As the authors of these articles show, these reforms essentially experiment with education “innovations” on poor and minority children in a context where segregation appears to be increasingly accepted. But while the efforts of equity-minded researchers in addressing these issues should be lauded, this discussion goes further and offers some critical commentary on researchers’ use of language, arguing that we too often alienate ourselves from both the policymakers we seek to influence and from the people we seek to help. By adopting exclusive language common in critical theory’s attack on “neoliberalism,” scholars may try to enhance their own credibility by demonstrating familiarity with obscure terminology, but in doing so, may be creating another echo-chamber which excludes them from policy discussions that can effect substantive change.
Assessing the Moral Credentials of the Next Generation of Accountants
Authors: Zubairu Umaru , Sakariyau Olalekan , Dauda Chetubo , Paiko Isah 
Published: June 2017

Abstract This study assessed the progress of Malaysian universities in producing morally upright accountants by evaluating the moral competencies of the third-year accounting students enrolled at the Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). An instrument was developed through a collaboration with Islamic accounting scholars; 79 third-year students were surveyed. The survey revealed that the current crop of the third-year accounting students were not morally competent enough to deal with the inevitable moral dilemmas they would face in the work place. The implication of this result is that USIM’s accounting department has to re-examine its current curriculum as to its ethics coverage. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai perkembangan universitas-universitas di Malaysia dalam hal menghasilkan para akuntan yang jujur. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan langkah mengevaluasi kompetensi moral mahasiswa akuntansi tahun ketiga di Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). Instrumen yang digunakan adalah survey, yang dikembangkan melalui kolaborasi para cendekiawan muslim dengan mensurvey 79 mahasiswa tahun ketiga. Hasil survey menunjukkan bahwa para siswa tahun ketiga akuntansi pada zaman sekarang ini belum memiliki kompetensi moral dalam hal dilemma moral pada bidang pekerjaan mereka. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah berupa saran untuk jurusan akuntansi USIM untuk menguji kembali kurikulum mereka yang berkenaan dengan etika dan moral. How to Cite : Zubairu, U. Sakariyau, O. Dauda, C. Paiko, I. (2016). Assessing the Moral Credentials of the Next Generation of Accountants. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 3(2), 168-185. doi:10.15408/tjems.v3i2.4166. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v3i2.4166
Education Reward for Teacher: Implementation Strategy to Improve Teacher’ Performance
Authors: Sarjana Sri 
Published: June 2017

Abstract Reward for teacher became one of the ways to improve teachers’ performance for the development of national education. It is an appreciation for teachers based on merit or the excellent performance, given both individually and institutionally in the form of material or appreciation. A competent teachers have the ability, skill, and attitude of work in accordance with established standards. The purposed of this study is to analyze the effect of reward on teachers in creating performance through the optimization of creativity, innovation development and competence. The data were analyzed through triangulation model of transformation that combines qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings indicate that teachers’ reward model that able to create performance through increasing the creativity, innovation, and competence. Furthermore, this study is expected to build awareness of the ministry of education in improving the quality of national education systems including the expansion of rewards for teachers who have great working performance in creativity, innovation and competence.Abstrak Penghargaan bagi guru menjadi salah satu tuntutan dalam upaya peningkatan prestasi kerja untuk pengembangan kualitas pendidikan nasional. Penghargaan guru merupakan bentuk apresiasi terhadap guru berdasarkan prestasi atau kinerja unggul yang diberikan baik perorangan maupun lembaga dalam bentuk materil maupun lisan. Guru yang kompeten memiliki kemampuan, ketrampilan maupun sikap kerja sesuai dengan standar yang ditetapkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh penghargaan guru dalam rangka menciptakan prestasi kerja melalui optimalisasi kreativitas, pengembangan inovasi dan peningkatan kompetensi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model triangulasi transformasi yang memadukan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Temuan dalam penelitian ini mengintegrasikan model penghargaan guru yang mampu menciptakan prestasi kerja melalui upaya meningkatkan kreativitas, inovasi, dan kompetensi. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini mengharapkan kementerian pendidikan nasional lebih berperan aktif dalam meningkatkan kualitas sistem pendidikan nasional diantaranya melalui perluasan pemberian penghargaan bagi guru yang memiliki keunggulan dalam kreativitas, inovasi dan kompetensi. How to Cite : Sarjana, S. Khayati, N. Warini, L. (2016). Education Reward for Teacher: Implementation Strategy to Improve Teacher’ Performance. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 3(2), 205-217. doi:10.15408/tjems.v3i2.4390. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v3i2.4390
Education Nonviolence Through Child Friendly School
Authors: Slam Zaenul 
Published: June 2017

Abstract This research described the education nonviolence through implementation of child friendly school in Junior High School 3 Majalengka, West Java Province. The research was qualitative. The data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects of the research were the principal, teachers, and students. Analysis of the data were through the three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Validity test of the data used triangulation sources. The results show that education nonviolence had established the education to a peace culture, to create and encourage the peace in the minds of the students based on the universal values of respect for life, liberty, justice, solidarity, tolerance, human rights and equality between them. Education nonviolence through implementation of child friendly school in Junior High School 3 Majalengka was seen from the success of school management. Abstrak Penelitian ini memeberikan gambaran tentang pendidikan tanpa kekerasan melalui penerapan sekolah ramah anak di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) 3 Majalengka, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru, dan siswa. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Uji validitas data menggunakan sumber triangulasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan tanpa kekerasan telah membentuk pendidikan ke budaya perdamaian, untuk menciptakan dan mendorong kedamaian di dalam pikiran siswa berdasarkan nilai-nilai universal penghormatan terhadap kehidupan, kemerdekaan, keadilan, keakraban, toleransi, hak asasi manusia dan kesetaraan di antara mereka. Pendidikan tanpa kekerasan melalui penerapan sekolah ramah anak di SMP 3 Majalengka dilihat dari kesuksesan manajemen sekolah. How to Cite : Slam, Z. (2016). Education Nonviolence Through Child Friendly School. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 3(2), 186-204. doi:10.15408/tjems.v3i2.4983. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v3i2.4983
Prematurity and Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths in the United States
Authors: Ostfeld Barbara M. , Schwartz-Soicher Ofira , Reichman Nancy E. , Teitler Julien O. , Hegyi Thomas 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Prematurity, a strong risk factor for sudden unexpected infant death (SUID), was addressed in recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2011 for safe sleep education in NICUs. We documented associations between gestational age (GA) and SUID subsequent to these guidelines.

METHODS:
Using the 2012–2013 US linked infant birth and death certificate period files, we documented rates per live births of sudden infant death syndrome, ill-defined and unspecified causes, accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed, and overall SUID by GA in postneonatal, out-of-hospital, and autopsied cases; compared survivors and cases; and estimated logistic regression models of associations between GA and SUID.

RESULTS:
SUID cases were more likely than survivors to be &lt;37 weeks’ GA (22.61% vs 10.79%; P &lt; .0001). SUID rates were 2.68, 1.94, 1.46, 1.16, 0.73, and 0.51 per 1000 live births for 24 to 27, 28 to 31, 32 to 33, 34 to 36, 37 to 38, and 39 to 42 weeks’ GA, respectively. Logistic regression models additionally indicated declines in the risk for SUID as GA increased. Prenatal smoking, inadequate prenatal care, and demographics associated with poverty were strongly associated with SUID.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite the 2011 American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations for increased safe sleep education in the NICUs, SUID rates were inversely associated with GA in 2012 to 2013, suggesting that risk of SUID associated with prematurity has multiple etiologies requiring continued investigation, including biological vulnerabilities and the efficacy of NICU education programs, and that strategies to reduce SUID should be multifaceted.
Variations in Cause-of-Death Determination for Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths
Authors: Shapiro-Mendoza Carrie K. , Parks Sharyn E. , Brustrom Jennifer , Andrew Tom , Camperlengo Lena , Fudenberg John , Payn Betsy , Rhoda Dale 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVES:
To quantify and describe variation in cause-of-death certification of sudden unexpected infant deaths (SUIDs) among US medical examiners and coroners.

METHODS:
From January to November 2014, we conducted a nationally representative survey of US medical examiners and coroners who certify infant deaths. Two-stage unequal probability sampling with replacement was used. Medical examiners and coroners were asked to classify SUIDs based on hypothetical scenarios and to describe the evidence considered and investigative procedures used for cause-of-death determination. Frequencies and weighted percentages were calculated.

RESULTS:
Of the 801 surveys mailed, 60% were returned, and 377 were deemed eligible and complete. Medical examiners and coroners classification of infant deaths varied by scenario. For 3 scenarios portraying potential airway obstruction and negative autopsy findings, 61% to 69% classified the death as suffocation/asphyxia. In the last scenario, which portrayed a healthy infant in a safe sleep environment with negative autopsy findings, medical examiners and coroners classified the death as sudden infant death syndrome (38%) and SUID (30%). Reliance on investigative procedures to determine cause varied, but 94% indicated using death scene investigations, 88% full autopsy, 85% toxicology analyses, and 82% medical history review.

CONCLUSIONS:
US medical examiners and coroners apply variable practices to classify and investigate SUID, and thus, they certify the same deaths differently. This variability influences surveillance and research, impacts true understanding of infant mortality causes, and inhibits our ability to accurately monitor and ultimately prevent future deaths. Findings may inform future strategies for promoting standardized practices for SUID classification.
Mortes no mar, dor na terra. Brasileiros atingidos pelo ataque do submarino alemão U-507 (agosto de 1942)
Authors: Ferreira Jorge 
Published: June 2017

Desde fevereiro de 1942, navios mercantes brasileiros eram torpedeados por submarinos alemães. No entanto, com o rompimento de relações diplomáticas do Brasil com a Alemanha e a Itália, o governo nazista tomou a decisão de retaliar o governo Vargas. Para o litoral brasileiro foi enviado o submarino U-507. Em agosto daquele ano, em apenas três dias, cinco navios brasileiros foram afundados, resultando na morte de centenas de homens, mulheres e crianças. O artigo tem por objetivo conhecer, ainda que parcialmente, o sofrimento dos brasileiros que, a bordo dos navios, sobreviveram aos ataques do submarino alemão, a dor daqueles que perderam seus familiares e as repercussões da agressão militar alemã na sociedade brasileira.