bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of reverse body bias on hot-electron-induced punchthrough reliability of pMOSFETs with thin gate dielectric at high temperatures
Authors: Kang YongHa , Kim JongKyun , Lee NamHyun , Oh MinGeon , Hwang YuChul , Moon ByungMoo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The effect of the reverse body bias V
SB on the hot-electron-induced punch-through (HEIP) reliability of pMOSFETs with a thin gate dielectric at high temperatures was investigated for the first time. Experimental results indicate that the reverse V
SB increased the HEIP degradation for a thin pMOSFET because of the increase in the maximum electric field E
m due to the increase in the threshold voltage V
th. The sensitivity of HEIP degradation to V
SB increased with increasing body effect coefficient γ at a given oxide thickness T
ox. However, a thin device (22 Å) showed a much stronger dependence of HEIP degradation on V
SB due to the decrease in the velocity saturation length l, although it had a smaller γ than a thick device (60 Å). These new observations suggest that the body bias technique for improving circuit performance can cause a reliability problem of nanoscale pMOSFETs at high temperatures and impose a significant limitation on CMOS device scaling.
Electrical and structural properties of TiO2−δ thin film with oxygen vacancies prepared by RF magnetron sputtering using oxygen radical
Authors: Kawamura Kinya , Suzuki Naoya , Tsuchiya Takashi , Shimazu Yuichi , Minohara Makoto , Kobayashi Masaki , Horiba Koji , Kumigashira Hiroshi , Higuchi Tohru 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Anatase TiO2−δ thin film was prepared by RF magnetron sputtering using oxygen radical and Ti-metal target. Degrees of the TiO2−δ crystal orientation in the thin film depends of the oxygen gas pressure (

) in the radical gun. The (004)- and (112)-oriented TiO2−δ thin films crystallized without postannealing have the mixed valence Ti4+/Ti3+ state. The electrical conductivities, which corresponds to n-type oxide semiconductor, is higher in the case of (004)-oriented TiO2−δ thin film containing with high concentration of oxygen vacancy. The donor band of TiO2−δ thin film is observed at ∼1.0 eV from the Fermi level (E
F). The density-of-state at E
F is higher in (004)-oriented TiO2−δ thin film. The above results indicate that the oxygen vacancies can control by changing the

of the oxygen radical.
Characteristics of Cu-doped amorphous NiO thin films formed by RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Sato Kazuya , Kim Sangcheol , Komuro Shuji , Zhao Xinwei 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Transparent conducting Cu-doped NiO thin films were deposited on quartz glass substrates by radio frequency magnetron spattering. The fabricated thin films were all in amorphous phase. A relatively high transmittance of 73% was achieved. The density ratio of Ni3+/(Ni2+ + Ni3+) ions in the films decreased with increasing O2 gas pressure in the fabrication chamber, which caused a decrease in the carrier concentration of the films. The increasing pressure also led to the increase in Hall mobility. By controlling the chamber pressure and substrate temperature, p-type transparent conducting NiO films with reasonable electrical properties were obtained.
Surface fluorination of rutile-TiO2 thin films deposited by reactive sputtering for accelerating response of optically driven capillary effect
Authors: Kobayashi Taizo , Maeda Hironobu , Konishi Satoshi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We report the acceleration of photoresponsive wettability switching by applying surface fluorination to rutile-TiO2 thin films deposited by reactive sputtering. Photoresponsive wettability switchable surfaces can be applied to optically driven liquid manipulation to enable the elimination of the electrical wiring and pneumatic tubing from fluidic systems. In this work, surface fluorination using CF4 plasma treatment is applied to rutile-TiO2 thin films, which exhibit a wider switching range of wettability than that of anatase-TiO2 thin films. Fluorine termination of TiO2 thin films increases the surface acidity and enhances its photocatalytic performance. TiO2 thin films with and without surface fluorination respectively exhibited the transition of contact angles ranging from 73.7 to 12.3°, and from 70.2 to 32° under UV irradiation for 15 min. Liquid introduction into a microchannel is also demonstrated, utilizing the developed TiO2 surface, which can generate a negative capillary pressure difference under ultraviolet light irradiation.
Toward efficient light diffraction and intensity variations by using wide bandwidth surface acoustic wave
Authors: Lee Young Ok , Chen Fu , Lee Kee Keun 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We have developed acoustic-optic (AO) based display units for implementing a handheld hologram display by modulating light deflection through wide bandwidth surface acoustic wave (SAW). The developed AO device consists of a metal layer, a ZnS waveguide layer, SAW inter digital transducers (IDTs), and a screen for display. When RF power with a particular resonant frequency was applied to IDTs, SAW was radiated and interfered with confined beam propagating along ZnS waveguide layer. The AO interacted beam was deflected laterally toward a certain direction depending on Bragg diffraction condition, exited out of the waveguide layer and then directed to the viewing screen placed at a certain distance from the device to form a single pixel. The deflected angles was adjusted by modulating the center frequency of the SAW IDT (SAW grating), the RF power of SAW, and the angles between propagating light beam path along waveguide and radiating SAW. The diffraction efficiency was also characterized in terms of waveguide thickness, SAW RF input power, and aperture length. Coupling of mode (COM) modeling was fulfilled to find optimal device parameters prior to fabrication. All the parameters affecting the deflection angle and efficiency to form a pixel for a three-dimensional (3D) hologram image were characterized and then discussed.
Detection of Intraneural Median Nerve Microvascularity Using Contrast‐Enhanced Sonography
Authors: Volz Kevin R. , Evans Kevin D. , Kanner Christopher D. , Dickerson Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesDemonstrating vascularity within the human median nerve may be difficult using power Doppler sonography. To this end, a pilot study documenting contrast‐enhanced vascularity of the median nerve was conducted.MethodsPatients undergoing contrast‐enhanced transthoracic echocardiography were recruited for this study (n = 24). During echocardiography, a simultaneous contrast‐enhanced sonographic examination of the median nerve was conducted. The study and study protocol were built from preclinical evidence. Image analysis was based on the power Doppler pixel intensity within a defined region of interest to obtain quantitative data representing the average pixel intensity, maximum pixel intensity, and power Doppler pixel dot count. Semiquantitative data representing the power Doppler dot count grading were also obtained.ResultsSpearman correlations between analytical methods showed strong positive, statistically significant (P< .05) correlations between the average pixel intensity and maximum pixel intensity and between the power Doppler dot count and dot count grading. Statistically significant increases in the average pixel intensity and power Doppler dot count were seen at all but 1 time point throughout the contrast‐enhanced sonographic examination when compared to precontrast administration. Statistically significant increases in the maximum pixel intensity were seen at all but 4 time points.ConclusionsThese pilot results represent early evidence that contrast‐enhanced sonography can be used to image median nerve vascularity. In this convenience sample, median nerve contrast‐enhanced sonographic data collection was feasible, safe, and consistent.
Ultrasound‐Guided Cervical Facet Joint Injections
Authors: Freire Veronique , Grabs Detlev , Lepage-Saucier Marianne , Moser Thomas P. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound (US)‐guided cervical facet injections and to identify the potential obstacles to routine use of this technique.MethodsAfter Institutional Review Board approval, 4 cadavers were used in this study. Age, sex, body mass index, and neck circumference were recorded. A total of 40 facet injections were performed from C2–C3 to C6–C7 under US guidance with radiodense colored latex. Visibility of cervical tissues and the needle was graded as complete, partial, or null (no injection was performed in this case). Frontal and lateral radiographs were taken, followed by cadaveric dissection to assess contrast and the latex distribution, which were recorded as intra‐articular (success), peri‐articular (success), or absent (failure). A 2‐tailed Fisher exact test and Pearson χ2test were used to evaluate difference between success and failure rates for qualitative variables.ResultsSeventy‐eight percent (31 of 40) of US‐guided facet joint injections were successful. No statistically significant differences were found regarding body mass index, neck circumference, needle caliber, operators, and between left and right sides. All failures involved C2–C3 and C6–C7 levels, and this result was statistically significant (Pearson χ2 = 20.645; P < .001).ConclusionsAlthough US‐guided cervical facet joint injections are feasible, substantial obstacles may prevent their routine use. The main obstacle is to effectively identify and target the correct cervical level in a prone position.
Comment on “Climate and agricultural land use change impacts on streamflow in the upper midwestern United States” by Satish C. Gupta et al.
Authors: Schottler Shawn , Ulrich Jason , Engstrom Daniel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe challenge the assertions of the study by Gupta et al. (doi:10.1002/2015WR017323) that land use, land cover change (LULC) has had minimal or no effect on hydrology in Minnesota's rivers. Statistical analyses actually demonstrate that something other than changes in precipitation (and soil moisture) must be contributing to increases in runoff ratio and flow. The analysis presented by Gupta et al. (doi:10.1002/2015WR017323) fails to directly address the fundamental purpose and mechanism of artificial drainage, which is to reduce water residence time on the landscape, thereby reducing ET (and soil wetness) and routing this water to rivers instead.
Using stochastic dual dynamic programming in problems with multiple near‐optimal solutions
Authors: Rougé Charles , Tilmant Amaury 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP) is one of the few algorithmic solutions available to optimize large‐scale water resources systems while explicitly considering uncertainty. This paper explores the consequences of, and proposes a solution to, the existence of multiple near‐optimal solutions (MNOS) when using SDDP for mid or long‐term river basin management. These issues arise when the optimization problem cannot be properly parametrized due to poorly defined and/or unavailable data sets. This work shows that when MNOS exists, (1) SDDP explores more than one solution trajectory in the same run, suggesting different decisions in distinct simulation years even for the same point in the state‐space, and (2) SDDP is shown to be very sensitive to even minimal variations of the problem setting, e.g., initial conditions—we call this “algorithmic chaos.” Results that exhibit such sensitivity are difficult to interpret. This work proposes a reoptimization method, which simulates system decisions by periodically applying cuts from one given year from the SDDP run. Simulation results obtained through this reoptimization approach are steady state solutions, meaning that their probability distributions are stable from year to year.
Wavelet‐based time series bootstrap model for multidecadal streamflow simulation using climate indicators
Authors: Erkyihun Solomon Tassew , Rajagopalan Balaji , Zagona Edith , Lall Upmanu , Nowak Kenneth 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA model to generate stochastic streamflow projections conditioned on quasi‐oscillatory climate indices such as Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation (AMO) is presented. Recognizing that each climate index has underlying band‐limited components that contribute most of the energy of the signals, we first pursue a wavelet decomposition of the signals to identify and reconstruct these features from annually resolved historical data and proxy based paleoreconstructions of each climate index covering the period from 1650 to 2012. A K‐Nearest Neighbor block bootstrap approach is then developed to simulate the total signal of each of these climate index series while preserving its time‐frequency structure and marginal distributions. Finally, given the simulated climate signal time series, a K‐Nearest Neighbor bootstrap is used to simulate annual streamflow series conditional on the joint state space defined by the simulated climate index for each year. We demonstrate this method by applying it to simulation of streamflow at Lees Ferry gauge on the Colorado River using indices of two large scale climate forcings: Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation (AMO), which are known to modulate the Colorado River Basin (CRB) hydrology at multidecadal time scales. Skill in stochastic simulation of multidecadal projections of flow using this approach is demonstrated.
Mechanical and Tribological Peculiarity of Nano‐TiO2‐Augmented, Polyester‐Based Homogeneous Nanocomposites and Their Functionally Graded Materials
Authors: Singh Akant Kumar , Vashishtha Siddhartha 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFillers play an important role in determining the properties and behavior of particulate‐filled composites. The objective of this work is to find out the demeanor of nano‐TiO2 filler‐augmented nanocomposites on the mechanical and wear tract. Nano‐TiO2 (Titanium Oxide)‐filled, polyester‐based homogeneous nanocomposites and functionally graded materials (FGMs) are developed by a mechanical stirring and vertical centrifugal casting technique, respectively. Filler content, 5 wt% and 10 wt%, is used to fabricate homogeneous nanocomposites and FGMs. Neat polyester is also prepared for comparative analysis. The sliding wear test is performed on a pin‐on‐disc tribometer with the nanocomposite pin sliding over a disc comprising hardened ground steel. Nano‐TiO2‐filled FGMs have superior mechanical properties and wear resistance. FGM filled with 10 wt% of nano‐TiO2 has minimum specific wear rate among all the fabricated nanocomposites. The measured Young's moduli of neat polyester, homogeneous nanocomposites, and FGMs are compared to standard theoretical prediction models. The measured moduli values showed good harmony with those predicted from Kerner and Halpin–Tsai models. The wear mechanism is studied in correlation with a micrograph of the worn‐out surface of nanocomposites. Performance optimization of nanocomposites is done using “technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution” (TOPSIS) method.
Development of Novel Amphiphilic Pyrazole‐g‐PolyGlycidyl methacrylate‐Based Polymers with Potential Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Mohy Eldin Mohamed Samir , Elazzazy Ahmed Mohamed , Saleh Tamer Saied , Mekky Ahmed Eltaher Mahmoud , Al‐Bogami Abdullah Saad 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this work, novel amphiphilic pyrazole‐g‐polyglycidyl methacrylate‐based polymers have been prepared, characterized, and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. The pyrazole derivative (4‐(4‐chlorophenyl) azo‐1H‐pyrazole‐3, 5‐diamine) is grafted to the epoxy rings of polyglycidyl methacrylate and poly (glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate) copolymers. The structure verification was performed using FT‐IR and TGA analyses. Finally, the novel pyrazole‐g‐polyacrylates copolymers were tested against different gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria strains. All the derivatives show antimicrobial activity against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria strains with varying degrees. Pyrazole‐g‐PolyGlycidyl methacrylate shows the most potential antibacterial activities followed by pyrazole‐g‐poly (glycidyl methacrylates‐co‐methyl methacrylate) copolymers where the polymethyl methacrylate content show a determining effect. Minimum inhibition and biocide concentrations were determined and compared with gentamicin and ketoconazole antibiotics.
Post‐MI free wall rupture syndrome. Case report, literature review, and new terminology
Authors: Che Jingjin , Li Guangping , Chen Kangyin , Liu Tong 
Published: May 2016

Key Clinical MessageCommon clinical features of subacute rupture left ventricular free wall after acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction are: (1) recurrent or persistent chest pain; (2) recurrent or persistent ST segment elevation; (3) hypotension. Integrating these signs into a syndrome can increase the clinician's awareness to the fatal complication.
Modified Mo/V/W‐Mixed Oxides for Catalytic Tar Removal from Biosyngas via Oxidation
Authors: Schmidt Sabine , Dörr Timo B. , Drochner Alfons , Vogel Herbert 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn view of the growing energy demand and the current climate problems, renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly popular. The so‐called biosyngas obtained from the gasification of dry biomass can be used to synthesize fuels and basic chemicals. Besides gaseous by‐products and salts, this gas contains tar which needs to be removed before downstream processing. Catalysts like Mo/V/W‐oxides were found to be inert towards the oxidation of CO and H2 but are able to activate the tar model compound naphthalene highly selective. Unfortunately, besides the total oxidation, the partial oxidation to the undesired intermediates phthalic acid anhydride and maleic acid anhydride takes place. Modification of the catalyst with bases leads to synergetic effects on the catalyst surface, the total oxidation is promoted, and the formation of intermediates decreases.
Fluorinated Musk Fragrances: The CF2 Group as a Conformational Bias Influencing the Odour of Civetone and (R)‐Muscone
Authors: Callejo Ricardo , Corr Michael J. , Yang Mingyan , Wang Mingan , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , O'Hagan David 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe difluoromethylene (CF2) group has a strong tendency to adopt corner over edge locations in aliphatic macrocycles. In this study, the CF2 group has been introduced into musk relevant macrocyclic ketones. Nine civetone and five muscone analogues have been prepared by synthesis for structure and odour comparisons. X‐ray studies indeed show that the CF2 groups influence ring structure and they give some insight into the preferred ring conformations, triggering a musk odour as determined in a professional perfumery environment. The historical conformational model of Bersuker and co‐workers for musk fragrance generally holds, and structures that become distorted from this consensus, by the particular placement of the CF2 groups, lose their musk fragrance and become less pleasant.
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSED PYRIDAZINES. II. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 5‐PHENYLPYRIDO(2,3‐D)PYRIDAZINE 7‐OXIDE
Authors: OISHI E. , NAKAMURA K. , HAYASHI E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas durch Spaltung des Tosylhydrazinopyridopyridazins (I) mit NaOH erhaltene Pyridopyridazin (II) wird von m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure (III) zum N‐Oxid (IV) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZOCYCLOHEPTENES AND HETEROCYCLIC ANALOGS AS POTENTIAL DRUGS. XIX. POTENTIAL HYPNOTICS AND ANXIOLYTICS IN THE 4H‐S‐TRIAZOLO(4,3‐A)‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINE SERIES: 8‐CHLORO‐6‐(2‐CHLOROPHENYL)‐1‐(4‐(2‐METHOXYETHYL)PIPERAZINO)‐4H‐S‐TRIAZOLO(4,3‐A)‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINE AND SOME RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: POLIVKA Z. , RYSKA M. , HOLUBEK J. , SVATEK E. , METYS J. , PROTIVA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch basische Kondensation des Piperazins (I) mit Alkoxy‐ bzw. Alkylthiohalogeniden werden die Derivate (IIa) bis (IId) erhalten, die weiter zu den Pipereizinderivaten (III) verseift werden.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDRATED OXOCARBONS. III. STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATIONS ON SOLID STATE POLYMERIZATION AND DEPOLYMERIZATION OF THERMOCHROMIC 2,6‐DIORGANO‐1,3,5,7‐TETRAOXA‐2,6‐DIBORA‐4,8‐OCTALINDIONES
Authors: YALPANI M. , BOESE R. , BLAESER D. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Struktur der thermochromen Verbindung (Ia) im "heißen" (>40°C) und "kalten" (<‐3O°C) Zustand wie auch die des nicht thermochromen Phenylderivats (Ib) werden röntgenographisch ermittelt (RG: P21/c; Z=2 für alle drei Strukturen).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES WITH ANHYDRO SUGARS. XXXIII. PREPARATION OF 2‐AMINO‐2,4‐DIDEOXY‐D‐LYXO‐HEXOPYRANOSE (4‐DEOXY‐D‐MANNOSAMINE) FROM 1,6‐ANHYDRO‐β‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSE
Authors: CERNY I. , TRNKA T. , CERNY M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem Epoxid (I) wird über das Iodderivat (IIa) die Anhydro‐xylo‐hexopyranose (IIb) erhalten und mit Benzylisocyanat in das N‐Benzylderivat (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 3‐ARYL‐6‐AMINOCYCLOHEX‐2‐ENOL DERIVATIVES
Authors: ITOH K. , OKA Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus den Cyclohexenonen (I) werden auf dem im Formelschema angegebenen Weg die Aminoalkohole (IV), (VI) und (VII) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION AND SOME REACTIONS OF TRICYCLO(4.4.4.0)TETRADECANE‐2,7‐DIONE ((4.4.4)PROPELLANE‐2,7‐DIONE): X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 2,7‐BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYLOXY)TETRACYCLO(4.4.4.0.02,7)TETRADECANE
Authors: ALDER R. W. , ARROWSMITH R. J. , BRYCE M. R. , EASTMENT P. , ORPEN A. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch reduktive Alkylierung des bicyclischen Dions (I) wurde die Tricyclo‐Titelverbindung (II) erhalten, die in zwei all‐chair‐Konformationen vorliegt, die durch thermodynamische Werte und Dipolmomente charakterisiert sind.
ChemInform Abstract: DISILENE SYSTEM (R2SI:SIR2). THE TETRA‐TERT‐BUTYL DERIVATIVE
Authors: MASAMUNE S. , MURAKAMI S. , TOBITA H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNiedertemp.‐Photolyse des aus Di‐tert.‐butylsilyldichlorid und Li‐naphthalinid synthetisierten Tricyclus (I) ergibt zusätzlich zu Naphthalin und dem (I)‐Isomeren (IV) Tetra‐tert.‐butyldisilen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed Anhydrides in Peptide Synthesis. Reduction of Urethane Formation and Racemization Using N‐Methylpiperidine as the Tertiary Amine Base.
Authors: CHEN F. M. F. , STEINAUER R. , BENOITON N. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie aus den Aminosäuren (I) mit Chlorkohlensäureester (II) erhaltenen gemischten Anhydride (III) werden zu Peptiden (VI) kondensiert, wobei die Verwendung von N‐Methylpiperidin (V) im Vergleich zu anderen Basen die Racemisierungstendenz sowie die Bildung von Urethangruppen reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: ANELASTIC RELAXATION PROCESSES BEFORE AND DURING CRYSTALLIZATION OF SOME ELECTROLESS DEPOSITED AMORPHOUS ALLOYS
Authors: BONETTI E. , EVANGELISTA E. , LANZONI E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn chemisch abgeschiedenen amorphen Ni‐B‐ und Ni‐P‐Legierungen in Eutektikum‐Nähe (Ni81B19, Ni78B22 und Ni80P20) wurden innere Reibung und dynamischer Modul gemessen.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF COOLING RATES ON THE STRUCTURE OF SILVER‐SILICON ALLOYS
Authors: CIRILLI V. , GIANOGLIO C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei der Untersuchung des Ag‐Si‐Phasendiagramms wurde festgestellt, daß die Geschwindigkeit der Abkühlung der Schmelze die Zusammensetzung des Eutektikums beeinflusst.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TUNGSTEN OXIDE CHLORIDE
Authors: ELISEEV S. S. , MALYSHEVA L. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch Erhitzen einer stöchiometrischen Mischung aus WCl3 und Sb2O3 auf 250°C in zugeschmolzener Ampulle wird die Titelverbindung dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SIDEROPHILIN METAL COORDINATION. 3. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF THE COBALT(III), GALLIUM(III), AND COPPER(II) COMPLEXES OF ETHYLENEBIS((O‐HYDROXYPHENYL)GLYCINE)
Authors: RILEY P. E. , PECORARO V. L. , CARRANO C. J. , RAYMOND K. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Strukturen der als Modelle für die Metallbindungsstellen im menschlichen Eisentransportprotein Transferrin verwendeten Komplexe (I)‐(III) werden mittels Einkristall‐Röntgendiffraktionsuntersuchungen bestimmt.