bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into the population structure of hardhead silverside,Atherinomorus stipes(Teleostei: Atherinidae), in Belize and the Florida Keys usingnd2
Authors: Nash Chloe M. , Kraczkowski Michelle L. , Chernoff Barry 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLittle is known about the natural history, biology, and population genetic structure of the Hardhead Silverside,Atherinomorus stipes,a small schooling fish found around islands throughout the Caribbean. Our field observations ofA. stipesin the cays of Belize and the Florida Keys found that populations tend to be in close association with the shoreline in mangrove habitats. Due to this potential island‐based population structuring,A. stipesrepresents an ideal system to examine questions about gene flow and isolation by distance at different geographic scales. For this study, the mitochondrial genend2was amplified from 394 individuals collected from seven different Belizean Cays (N = 175) and eight different Floridian Keys (N = 219). Results show surprisingly high haplotype diversity both within and between island‐groups, as well as a high prevalence of unique haplotypes within each island population. The results are consistent with models that require gene flow among populations as well as in situ evolution of rare haplotypes. There was no evidence for an isolation by distance model. Thend2gene tree consists of two well‐supported monophyletic groups: a Belizean‐type clade and a Floridian‐type clade, indicating potential species‐level differentiation.
Double‐Rounds–Driven Electromagnetic Analysis Attack for a Lightweight Block Cipher Simeck and its Evaluation
Authors: NOZAKI YUSUKE , IKEZAKI YOSHIYA , YOSHIKAWA MASAYA 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYSince Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely used, embedded devices have the risk of illegal attacks. Therefore, lightweight block ciphers, which can be implemented on embedded devices in small area, have attracted attention as the countermeasure. Simeck is a new lightweight block cipher that can be implemented in the smallest area among lightweight block ciphers. Recently, regarding the security of a cryptographic circuit, the risk of electromagnetic analysis attack has been reported. However, no study of electromagnetic analysis attack for Simeck has been reported. Therefore, this study proposes a new electromagnetic analysis attack for a lightweight block cipher Simeck. The proposed method performs the analysis using double rounds. Moreover, the proposed method performs build‐in processing using already known information and realizes the high attack accuracy. To our knowledge, this is the first attack for Simeck. Experiments using an actual device introduce the vulnerability of Simeck and the validity of the proposed method.
Basic Study on the Anechoic Chamber for Receiver Evaluation of the Next Generation Wireless Communication Terminal
Authors: KOBAYASHI KAZUHIKO , MURAYAMA KENTARO , YASUDA MAYA , SAEGUSA KENJI 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYThe 4G system (LTE‐Advanced) and the 5G system as the next generation mobile communication are shifting to broadband communication using wider bandwidth for higher data rate than conventional system. For example, carrier aggregation technology is in the 4G, and millimeter wave is planning to be used in the 5G to expand frequency range. Therefore, as the evaluation environment for mobile communication terminal including the antenna performance are needed in the wider bandwidth and the higher frequency range. In this paper, as the receiver evaluation environment, we focused the anechoic chamber which is high convenience and low cost and we describe possibility of applying it to evaluation for mobile terminal in the frequency range from 700 MHz to 3 GHz. First, we clarify issue of current anechoic chamber for the receiver evaluation. And then, from BER characteristic, we show necessary QZ level and miniaturization size of anechoic chamber for the receiver evaluation. As a result, they are obtained that QZ level is −30 dB or less and miniaturization internal size of chamber is SX = 900 mm, Sy = Sz = 650 mm by applying horn antenna as source of wave.
Far‐Infrared Absorption of Deoxyribonucleic Acid with Thymine
Authors: KITAMURA AYANO , KOMATSU MARINA , MIZUNO MAYA , KOJIMA HIROAKI , OHKI YOSHIMICHI 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYRecently, attempts to use deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as an industrially important substance have been emerging. For that purpose, easy and convenient determination of the high‐order structure of DNA is desirable. In this research, we measured far‐infrared absorption spectra of various synthetic single‐stranded DNAs, each with an identical base in its nucleotides, and found that DNAs with different bases exhibit different spectra. We also demonstrated that the number of thymine bases on a single‐stranded DNA can be estimated from the spectra.
Two‐stage damage detection algorithms of structure using modal parameters identified from recursive subspace identification
Authors: Chen Jun‐Da , Loh Chin‐Hsiung 
Published: October 2017

SummaryStructural damage assessment under external loading, such as earthquake excitation, is an important issue in structural safety evaluation. In this regard, appropriate data analysis and feature extraction techniques are required to interpret the measured data and to identify the state of the structure and, if possible, to detect the damage. In this study, the recursive subspace identification with Bona‐fide LQ renewing algorithm (RSI‐BonaFide‐Oblique) incorporated with moving window technique is utilized to identify modal parameters such as natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes at each instant of time during the strong earthquake excitation. From which the least square stiffness method (LSSM) combined with the model updating technique, called efficient model correction method (EMCM), is used to estimate the first‐stage system stiffness matrix using the simplified model from the previously identified modal parameters (nominal model). In the second stage, 2 different damage assessment algorithms related to the nominal system stiffness matrix were derived. First, the model updating technique, called EMCM, is applied to correct the nominal model by the newly identified modal parameters during the strong motion. Second, the element damage index can be calculated using element damage index method (EDIM) to quantify the damage extent in each element. Verification of the proposed methods through the shaking table test data of 2 different types of structures and a building earthquake response data is demonstrated to specify its corresponding damage location, the time of occurrence during the excitation, and the percentage of stiffness reduction.
Decomposition of socioeconomic inequalities in preterm deliveries in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Omani‐Samani Reza , Mansournia Mohammad A. , Almasi‐Hashiani Amir , Sepidarkish Mahdi , Safiri Saeid , Khedmati Morasae Esmaeil , Amini Rarani Mostafa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate associations between economic inequality in preterm delivery.MethodsThe present secondary analysis included cross‐sectional data collected in interviews with patients following delivery at 103 hospitals in Tehran, Iran, between July 6 and 21, 2015. Principal component analysis was used to measure the socioeconomic status of participants and the concentration index was used to measure inequalities in preterm delivery among patients of different socioeconomic status.ResultsData were included from 5170 patients. The concentration index for preterm delivery was 0.087 (95% confidence interval 0.036–0.134), indicating that preterm deliveries were concentrated among patients with higher socioeconomic status. Higher socioeconomic status (94%), younger maternal age (29%), younger paternal age (21%), and being a homemaker (17%) had the highest positive contributions to the measured inequalities in preterm deliveries; vaginal delivery (–58%) had the highest negative contribution.ConclusionPreterm deliveries were distributed unequally among the study patients in Iran, and were concentrated among patients of higher socioeconomic status. Alongside future etiological studies, reproductive programs in Iran should focus on this population to redress the observed inequality.
Evaluation of collagen foam, poly(l‐lactic acid) nanofiber mesh, and decellularized matrices for corneal regeneration
Authors: Aslan Bahar , Guler Selcan , Tevlek Atakan , Aydin Halil Murat 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCorneal tissue engineering efforts to obtain corneal tissue matrices through various types of materials for the replacement of damaged tissues. In this study, three different corneal constructs were prepared and evaluated in terms of morphological, optical, and biological characteristics. Type‐I collagen was used to obtain collagen foam scaffolds through dehydrothermal crosslinking, while poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) was used to produce both random and aligned oriented electrospun corneal constructs. Bovine corneas were decellularized as third matrix. Software analyses showed that average pore size of collagen scaffolds was 88.207 ± 29.7 µm, while the average fiber diameter of aligned and random PLLA scaffolds were 0.69 ± 0.03 and 0.65 ± 0.03 μm, respectively. Degradation profiles revealed that collagen foam exhibits high degradation (20% mass loss) while electrospun PLLA scaffolds hold low degradation (9% mass loss) rates at day‐28. Transmittance values of the obtained scaffolds were calculated as 92, 80, and 70% for collagen, PLLA, and decellularized cornea constructs, respectively. The evaluation of stromal keratocyte behavior on the constructs revealed that the cells exhibited their own morphology mostly on the aligned PLLA constructs, while they were mostly active on random PLLA electrospun corneal scaffolds. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2157–2168, 2018.
Bone Strength in Girls and Boys After a Distal Radius Fracture: A 2-Year HR-pQCT Double Cohort Study
Authors: Macdonald Heather M , Määttä Mikko , Gabel Leigh , Mulpuri Kishore , McKay Heather A 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

We recently reported impaired bone strength in girls with low- to moderate-energy distal radius fractures (Fx) compared with girls with no history of forearm fractures (Non-Fx). We aimed to determine whether bone strength deficits observed at baseline were still present after 2 years. We assessed bone strength, microarchitecture, and bone mineral density (BMD) of the non-fractured (Fx) and non-dominant (Non-Fx) distal radius (7% site) at baseline, 12, and 24 months using high-resolution pQCT (Scanco Medical, Brüttisellen, Switzerland) in 104 girls (aged 11.0 ± 1.7 years; 47 Fx, 57 Non-Fx) and 157 boys (aged 12.7 ± 1.7 years; 86 Fx, 71 Non-Fx). Bone outcomes included total area (Tt.Ar) and bone mineral density (Tt.BMD), trabecular bone volume ratio (BV/TV), thickness (Tb.Th), separation (Tb.Sp), and number (Tb.N), and cortical BMD (Ct.BMD), thickness (Ct.Th), and porosity (Ct.Po). We used finite element analysis to estimate bone strength (failure load [F.Load]; ultimate stress [U.Stress]; load-to-strength ratio). We used sex-specific mixed-effects models to compare bone outcomes between Fx and Non-Fx over 2 years. In girls, those with fractures had 18% to 24% lower U.Stress and 5% to 9% lower Tt.BMD than Non-Fx at all time points (p &lt; 0.017). In secondary analysis by fracture degree, girls with low-energy (LE) fractures had 19% to 21% lower F.Load, 25% to 47% lower U.Stress, 11% to 14% lower Tt.BMD, and 11% to 15% lower BV/TV than Non-Fx at all time points (p &lt; 0.017). In contrast, boys’ bone outcomes were similar between Fx and Non-Fx at all time points. In secondary analysis by fracture degree, boys with LE fractures had 10% lower Tt.BMD and 10% lower Ct.Th compared with Non-Fx at 12 months only. Deficits in distal radius bone strength and trabecular bone microarchitecture appear to track across 2 years after a forearm fracture in girls but not in boys. Longer follow-up is needed to determine whether deficits persist into adulthood in women and how they may influence future risk of fragility fracture. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
4‐bp insertion/deletion (rs3783553) polymorphism within the 3′UTR of IL1A contributes to the risk of prostate cancer in a sample of Iranian population
Authors: Hashemi Mohammad , Bahari Gholamreza , Sarhadi Shamim , Eskandari Ebrahim , Narouie Behzad , Taheri Mohsen , Ghavami Saeid 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGrowing evidence demonstrated the presence of an association between IL1A rs3783553 polymorphism and the risk of various cancers. We aimed to evaluate whether the 4‐bp insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs3783553) within the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTRs) of IL1A was associated to the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in a sample of Iranian population. A case‐control study, including 150 prostate cancer patients and 155 healthy men, was done to examine the possible association between IL1A 4‐bp ins/del polymorphism and PCa risk in a sample of southeast Iranian population. Mismatched polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) was designed for genotyping the studied variant. Our findings showed that 4‐bp ins/del polymorphism significantly increased the risk of PCa in codominant, recessive and allelic inheritance model. We also evaluated the association between the IL1A 4‐bp ins/del polymorphism and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients, and found a significant association between 4‐bp ins/del variant and stage, perineural invasion and surgical margin of tumor samples. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the ins/del variant affected the IL1A mRNA stability leading to a structural shift in IL1A mRNA and has‐miR‐125a‐3p hybrid. In conclusion, our findings proposed an association between IL1A 4‐bp ins/del polymorphism and PCa risk. Additional studies with enlarged sample size and diverse ethnicities are required to validate our finding.
Integrating clients’ religion/spirituality in clinical practice: A comparison among social workers, psychologists, counselors, marriage and family therapists, and nurses
Authors: Oxhandler Holly K. , Parrish Danielle E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to describe and compare five helping professions’ views and behaviors regarding the integration of clients’ religion/spirituality (RS) in clinical practice.MethodA cross‐sectional design was used to survey 3,500 licensed clinical psychologists, nurses, marriage and family therapists (LMFTs), clinical social workers, and professional counselors across Texas. A total of 550 responded to this online survey, which included the Religious/Spiritually Integrated Practice Assessment Scale and background questions.ResultsAttitudes concerning the integration of clients’ RS did not differ by profession and were fairly positive. However, differences emerged regarding self‐efficacy, perceived feasibility, and behaviors, with LMFTs reporting the highest scores for these subscales.ConclusionThis is the first comparison of these five professions’ attitudes, behaviors, perceived feasibility, and self‐efficacy regarding integrating clients’ RS. These encouraging results not only indicate helping professionals’ openness to integrating clients’ RS, but also highlight key differences in training, self‐efficacy, views of feasibility, and implementation.
Application of Quantitative Pharmacology Approaches in Bridging Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Domagrozumab From Adult Healthy Subjects to Pediatric Patients With Duchenne Muscular Disease
Authors: Bhattacharya Indranil , Manukyan Zorayr , Chan Phylinda , Heatherington Anne , Harnisch Lutz 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDomagrozumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds to myostatin, is being developed for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) boys following a first‐in‐human study in healthy adults. Literature reporting pharmacokinetic parameters of monoclonal antibodies suggested that body‐weight– and body‐surface‐area–adjusted clearance and volume of distribution estimates between adults and children are similar for subjects older than 6 years. Population modeling identified a Michaelis‐Menten binding kinetics model to optimally characterize the target mediated drug disposition profile of domagrozumab and identified body mass index on the volume of distribution as the only significant covariate. Model parameters were predicted with high‐precision pharmacokinetics (clearance 1.01 × 10−4 L/[h·kg]; central volume of distribution 457 × 10−4 L/kg; maximum elimination rate 17.5 × 10−4 nmol/[h·kg], Km 10.6 nmol/L) and pharmacodynamics (myostatin turnover rate 457 × 10−4 h−1; complex removal rate 90 × 10−4 h−1; half‐saturation constant 4.32 nmol/L) and were used to predict target coverage for dosage selection in the DMD population. Additionally, allometric approaches (estimated scaling exponents (standard error) for clearance and volume were 0.81 [0.01] and 0.98 [0.02], respectively) in conjunction with a separate analysis to obtain the population mean weight and standard deviation suggested that if dosed per body weight, an only 11% difference in clearance is expected between the heaviest and lightest patient, thus preventing the need for dose adjustment. In summary, quantitative approaches were instrumental in bridging and derisking the fast‐track development of domagrozumab in DMD.
Importance of an Orchestrate Participation of each Individual Residue Present at a Catalytic Site
Authors: Das Santanu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGTP hydrolysis is indispensable to keep a living cell healthy. Nature has evolved so many enzymes to enhance the slow GTP hydrolysis. Rab GTPases are evolved to regulate vesicle trafficking. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) accelerates their intrinsic slow GTP hydrolysis in order to maintain the sustainability between cellular events. Any malfunction/interference in this hydrolysis disrupts normal cellular events and causes severe diseases. In this study, GTP hydrolysis mechanism of Rab33B catalyzed by TBC‐domain GAP protein Gyp1p has been decoded using extensive ab initio QM/MM metadynamics simulations. An organized coupled movement of individual residues present at the catalytic site is found to be the key factor for this reaction. An unorganized coupled movement leads the hydrolysis through very high energy pathways. This also reveals that the chemical transformations occurring at a catalytic site are residue specific.
Visibility of fiducial markers used for image‐guided radiation therapy on optical coherence tomography for registration with CT: An esophageal phantom study
Authors: Jelvehgaran Pouya , Alderliesten Tanja , Weda Jelmer J. A. , de Bruin Martijn , Faber Dirk J. , Hulshof Maarten C. C. M. , van Leeuwen Ton G. , van Herk Marcel , de Boer Johannes F. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is of interest to visualize microscopic esophageal tumor extensions to improve tumor delineation for radiation therapy (RT) planning. Fiducial marker placement is a common method to ensure target localization during planning and treatment. Visualization of these fiducial markers on OCT permits integrating OCT and computed tomography (CT) images used for RT planning via image registration. We studied the visibility of 13 (eight types) commercially available solid and liquid fiducial markers in OCT images at different depths using dedicated esophageal phantoms and evaluated marker placement depth in clinical practice.Materials and MethodsWe designed and fabricated dedicated esophageal phantoms, in which three layers mimic the anatomical wall structures of a healthy human esophagus. We successfully implanted 13 commercially available fiducial markers that varied in diameter and material property at depths between 0.5 and 3.0 mm. The resulting esophageal phantoms were imaged with OCT, and marker visibility was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively using the contrast‐to‐background‐noise ratio (CNR). The CNR was defined as the difference between the mean intensity of the fiducial markers and the mean intensity of the background divided by the standard deviation of the background intensity. To determine whether, in current clinical practice, the implanted fiducial markers are within the OCT visualization range (up to 3.0 mm depth), we retrospectively measured the distance of 19 fiducial markers to the esophageal lumen on CT scans of 16 esophageal cancer patients.ResultsIn the esophageal phantoms, all the included fiducial markers were visible on OCT at all investigated depths. Solid fiducial markers were better visible on OCT than liquid fiducial markers with a 1.74‐fold higher CNR. Although fiducial marker identification per type and size was slightly easier for superficially implanted fiducial markers, we observed no difference in the ability of OCT to visualize the markers over the investigated depth range. Retrospective distance measurements of 19 fiducial markers on the CT scan of esophageal cancer patients showed that 84% (distance from the closest border of the marker to the lumen) and 53% (distance from the center of the marker to the lumen) of the fiducial markers were located within the OCT visualization range of up to 3.0 mm.ConclusionsWe studied the visibility of eight types of commercially available fiducial markers at different depths on OCT using dedicated esophageal phantoms. All tested fiducial markers were visible at depths ≤3.0 mm and most, but not all, clinically implanted markers were at a depth accessible to OCT. Consequently, the use of fiducial markers as a reference for OCT to CT registration is feasible.
Assessment of Microwave Effect on Polymerization Conducted under ARGET ATRP Conditions
Authors: Xie Zhi‐Kang , Guo Jun‐Kang , Luo Zheng‐Hong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA comprehensive kinetic model based on the method of moments is developed for understanding the kinetics of activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) under microwave irradiation. Both the experimental data and the simulation results show that the polymerization under microwave irradiation is much faster than the thermal polymerization. Simulation results indicate that the acceleration of polymerization can be attributed to the increase of propagation rate coefficient and the radical generation by microwave irradiation. Kinetic behaviors, such as the effect of catalyst concentration and initial initiator, are investigated in detail. Results show that the catalyst concentration has negligible influence on polymerization rate while the initiator concentration can affect both the molecular weight and the reaction rate. In conclusion, this work thoroughly investigates the kinetic mechanism of ARGET ATRP under microwave irradiation, providing both theoretic and experimental supports to improve the product property of polymer materials.