bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between cognition in parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and their 7-year old high-risk offspring
Authors: Greve A.N. , Jepsen J.R.M. , Bliksted V. , Rasmussen E.L. , Gantriis D. , Burton B.K. , Ellersgaard D. , Christiani C.J. , Spang K. , Hemager N. , Thorup A. , Nordentoft M. , Plessen K.J. , Mors O. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionNeurocognitive and social cognitive impairments are central characteristics of schizophrenia and, to a lesser extent, of bipolar disorder. Birth cohorts and familial high risk studies have described cognitive impairments in subjects before onset of diagnosis as well as in children with increased genetic risk for development of the disorders.ObjectivesTo our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the correlations between neurocogntion and social cognition in parents and offspring simultaneously and with the same methodology. We will divide the parents into subgroups (cognitive impairment and good cognitive functioning) and use these subgroups to describe correlations with their offspring. Identifying associations between parents and offspring can add important clues to risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and, on the long-term, help the development of more effective and potentially preventive treatments.MethodsThis study is part of the Danish high risk and resilience study–VIA7. The VIA7 cohort consists of 522 children age 7 with zero, 1 or 2 parents diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and both of their biological parents. We assessed neurocognition and social cognition with a comprehensive test battery including: intelligence (RIST), executive functions (WAIS-IV, D-KEFS, CANTAB), verbal memory (TOMAL2), attention, emotion recognition, decision making and response control (CANTAB), theory of mind (animated triangles) and social perception (TASIT). Parental subgroups were based on the 95% CI of the controls (cognitive impairment < 95%CI and good cognitive functioning > 95% CI).ResultsData analysis is ongoing and results will be presented at the conference.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical-immunological predictors of prognosis of the efficiency of antipsychotic therapy with amisulpride in schizophrenia
Authors: Lobacheva O. , Kornetova E. , Nikitina V. , Vetlugina T. , Semke A. , Rakhmazova L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDetection of clinical-biological predictors of the efficiency of antipsychotic therapy in schizophrenic patients, correction and individualization of therapeutic indication of antipsychotics are relevant questions of modern psychiatry. Immune dysfunctions, disturbance of psychoneuroimmunological interaction, metabolic imbalance worsen clinical pattern of disease, contribute to formation of therapeutic resistance and side effects, and decrease efficiency of treatment of patients.ObjectiveTo detect clinical-immunological predictors of the efficiency of therapy of schizophrenic patients with amisulpride.MethodsWe examined 19 schizophrenic patients, aged 18–64 years, who received treatment with amisulpride (Solian). The psychometric scale PANSS was used for evaluation of dynamics of psychopathological symptoms. Therapy efficiency was evaluated using CGI scale. The immunological investigation included identification of phenotypes of surface receptors of immunocompetent cells, level of IgM, IgG, IgA, phagocytic activity of leucocytes. Research was carried out in two points: first–at admission, second–by week 6 of treatment. Predictors of efficiency were identified relying on the analysis of interquartile ranges of clinical-immunological parameters.ResultsPredictors of high efficiency of amisulpride therapy were identified: clinical–total score according to PANSS less than 70, sum of scores according to subscale of negative disorders is more than 31 and immunological–number of HLADR ± lymphocytes below 0.34 × 109/L, СD16 ± lymphocytes more than 0.18 × 109/L.ConclusionComplex of informative clinical-immunological criteria is proposed, which enables prognosis of the efficiency of psychopharmacotherapy for patients at admission. It enables optimizing the choice of differentiated therapeutic tactics and heightening the quality of specialized medical care for schizophrenic patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia: Clinical differences
Authors: Romosan F. , Ienciu L.M. , Romosan A.M. , Romosan R.S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSchizoaffective disorder (SAD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are important causes of disability and morbidity. Finding clinical features that can help in their early differentiation may lead to a better understanding of these two nosologic entities.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to find clinical differences between SAD and SZ.MethodsWe selected for this study 83 inpatients from the Timisoara Psychiatric Clinic, diagnosed with either SAD (n = 35) or SZ (n = 48), according to ICD-10 criteria. The research was conducted between 2014 and 2016. Socio-demographic (age, sex, education, marital status) and clinical data were analysed. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was used to assess symptom severity.ResultsDelusions of grandiosity were found significantly more frequent in SAD patients (P = 0.001). By contrast, bizzare delusions (P = 0.025), derealization phenomena (P = 0.03) and negative symptoms (P = 0.003) appeared more frequent in schizophrenic patients. We found no significant differences between the two samples regarding onset age, number of episodes, duration of episode, duration of remission and suicidal thoughts/attempts. Although the SZ sample had higher BPRS total scores than SAD patients, the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsEven though SAD and SZ are very similar in respect to their clinical presentation, this study also revealed certain differences that may enhance specific knowledge regarding these two disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Hypothyroidism in psychiatric patients
Authors: Melatto I. , Pequeno M.D.L. , Santos A. , Gilberto H. , Malheiros D. , Ropero Peláez F.J. , Taniguchi Rodrigues G. , Magalhães J. , Taniguchi S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionHypothyroidism psychocognitive key features may include melancholia, memory impairment, depression and dementia which could be misdiagnosed as a psychiatric disorder.ObjectiveTo study the incidence of hypothyroidism in psychiatric patients.MethodsThis retrospective study included 232 psychiatric patients with mean age of 43.39 ± 10 years old weight mean of 79.81 ± 19.07 kg, BIM of 29.55 ± 6.83, enrolled in a public mental health service.ResultsTwenty point twenty-one percent (39) patients presented hypothyroidism with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels above 5 mIU/L and Free T4 levels below 0.7 ng/dl.Comparing the incidence of hypothyroidism in Brazilian population estimated rate of until 10% [1] with this psychiatric patients population we observed a significant difference with p value of 2.28 E-6. Neuroleptics 92%(36), biperiden 62%(24) and benzodiazepines 38% (15) were the most frequent prescribed drugs for these hypothyroidism patients.ConclusionSignificant difference in the incidence of hypothyroidism between general Brazilian population and the studied psychiatric patients was observed [2,3].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cultural Competence Training and Mental Health Care in Refugees and Asylum Seekers
Authors: Bhugra D. 
Published: June 2017

Recent mass movement of human beings in various parts of the world has brought several challenges. Not only refugees from Syria and Libya to Europe but also refugees, migrants and asylum seekers in Latin America bring specific set of issues with them. It is critical that clinicians are aware of both the vulnerability of individuals to mental ill health as a result of migratory experiences but equally importantly their resilience. The impact on the mental health of those who may be involved directly or indirectly in delivering care along with those new communities who receive these groups need to be taken into account when planning and delivering psychiatric services. It is essential to recognise that experiences of being a refugee or asylum seeker are heterogeneous. Being an asylum seeker carries with it legal definitions and legal imperatives agreed at international levels.Policymakers and clinicians need to be aware of differential rates of psychiatric disorders in these vulnerable individuals and specific needs related to language, religious values and other cultural factors. Mental health problems may be related to experiencing cultural bereavement where individuals feel that they have lost their cultures, relationships and cultural values. Judicious and careful use of trained culture brokers and mediators should be encouraged as these individuals can inform the team about community needs and inform the community about the team functioning and its principles so that community expectations can be managed appropriately. Such approaches may also help reduce stigma against mental illness.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Major psychotrauma and social stress–risk factors for the unfavorable course of paranoid schizophrenia
Authors: Udristoiu T. , Udristoiu I. , Militaru F. , Ristea S. , Vilcea A.G. , Pirlog M.C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRecent studies in the neurobiology of schizophrenia highlighted the role of neuropsychoendocrine activations as a consequence of psychostress followed by the activation of the HPA axis with an excess of endogenous cortisol. The relation endogenous cortisol–glutamatergic hyperactivation enhances the excito-toxic mechanisms and the cortical-subcortical alterations in schizophrenia.MethodWe conducted a retrospective study on 40 patients, with ages between 25 and 55 years, admitted in the university clinic of Craiova between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015 for paranoid schizophrenia according to ICD-10 criteria and with positive history of psychotrauma and physical abuse in childhood and adolescence.ResultsThe frequency of psychotraumas, social stress and physical abuse in our group was significantly higher in women (63.33%), in patients with urban residence (80.00%) and age group 36–45 years (46.67). There was a pattern of residual defectuality reflected by positive symptoms (83.33%), alcohol abuse (80.00%), aggressive behavior (66.67%) and suicide attempts (30.00%). The poor course with minimal social functioning (GAFS < 40; 36.67%) was correlated with a high number of relapses and hospitalizations (> 9 hospitalizations; 43.33%), cognitive deficit (MMSE < 23; 76.67%). The psychosocial factors involved in the pathogenesis and course of schizophrenia were social stress (60.00%), physical abuse in childhood and adolescence (20.00%) and psychotraumas (20.00%).Conclusions.Psychotrauma and physical abuse in childhood and adolescence and during the course of paranoid schizophrenia constitute a risk factor for a poor outcome with cognitive deterioration, aggressive and suicidal behavior that call for prophylactic measures and qualified psycho-social interventions associated to the pharmacological treatments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sexual satisfaction among women with breast cancer
Authors: Abdollahifard S. , Maddahfard M. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundDespite the outstanding breakthroughs in medical sciences, breast cancer is still regarded as one of the most important diseases, worldwide. This condition is also the most common cancer among women and the second leading cause of death.AimThis study aimed to investigate on sexual satisfaction among breast cancer patientsMethodsThis review article has written by more than 32 published papers in websites during 2008 until 2016.ResultEsfandiari et al. (2015) have done a study about a comparison of marital satisfaction, public health and body image among normal subjects and breast cancer patients with breast evacuation and conservation in Tehran, Iran. The result of this study showed that women with breast cancer were significantly different from normal subjects in terms of marital satisfaction, mental health and body image.Rezaipour et al. (2004) has done a study about relationship between women's experience of orgasm and marital relation satisfaction in health care centers of Arak. This result showed there was a relationship between women's orgasm experience and the amount of satisfaction from marital relation.Nekoueifard and Jahangiry (2014) have done a study about sexual function among patients with breast cancer in Tehran. In their study, there was a meaningful and direct relationship between type of surgery and sexual satisfaction. The results of that study show that disease and treatment have a considerable influence on marital relationship.ConclusionIt seems that dealing with marital satisfaction of women during the early stages of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment is a necessary for mental health.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sexual dysfunction and mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder: A review
Authors: Gómez Sánchez-Lafuente C. , Reina Gonzalez R. , Hernandez Abellán M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMood stabilizers can cause many side effects. Although many of these are well known, like thyroid and renal failure after taking lithium, sexual dysfunction side effects remains unclear.MethodsWe made a systematic computerized literature search of clinical studies using MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library and Trip for clinical studies of sexual dysfunction published up to December 2015.ResultsOnly eight relevant papers were identified. All of them studied lithium sexual dysfunction in bipolar disorder patients. Valproic acid, carbamazepine and lamotrigine were not studied in patients with bipolar disorder. Nevertheless, the three were studied in epilepsy. Clinical reports usually used Arizona Sexual Experience Scale or Psychotropic Related Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire to measure sexual dysfunction and Brief Adherence Rating Scale to measure medication adherence. They suggest lithium could decrease desire and sexual thoughts, worse arousal and cause orgasm dysfunction. In overall, those patients with sexual dysfunction had lower level of functioning and poor compliance. Taking benzodiazepines during lithium treatment may increase the risk of sexual dysfunction even more.ConclusionThere are few studies that focus on mood stabilizers sexual dysfunction. This inevitably entails a number of limitations. First, the small sample size and, in some studies, the relative short period of follow-up may underestimate the results. Besides, practical management was not treated in any study. Actually, handling this side effect have not been well established.To conclude, this revision suggest that approximately 30% patients receiving lithium experience this side effect, and it is associated with poor medication adherence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Female sexuality in the context of dual control model
Authors: Kowalczyk R. , Nowosielski K. , Kurpisz J. , Lew-Starowicz M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDual Control Model (DCM) is one of the contemporary concepts of mechanisms rooted in the central nervous system that control human sexual behaviors. The DCM holds promise for application both in scientific settings and, although at the moment limited, clinical practice. A number of psychometric tools, i.e. the SIS/SES, SES II-W and SES II-W/M questionnaires based on the DCM theoretical assumptions have been developed.MethodsA total of 309 women aged 18–45 were eligible for the study. Inclusion criteria were met by 214 individuals who were included in the further analysis. Sexual excitation/sexual inhibition inventory for women (SESII-W) was used to evaluate sexual inhibition and sexual excitation. Semi-structure interview was used to evaluate sexual function in investigated individuals. Correlation between risky sexual behaviors, FSD and SE/SE was measured.ResultsAmong the women, 28.5% were diagnosed with FSD, with orgasmic dysfunction being the most common, 11.2%. Engaging in risky sexual behavior (having multiple sexual partners and one-night-stand sexual relationships, sexual intercourse with persons known to be HIV-positive, drug users or prostitutes, unprotected vaginal, oral and anal sex, sex for money or drugs and sexual activity while using alcohol and/or psychoactive substances) was associated with higher sexual excitation scores and lower sexual excitation scores of SESII-W. In contrast, the presence of FSD were negatively correlated with SE and positively with SI.ConclusionsDual control model might be a good model describing different sexual behaviors in the population of women.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Efficacy of rational emotive therapy among substance users
Authors: Dutta T. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRational emotive behavior therapy refers to a realistic time bound therapeutic approach, starting with activated concern model of emotional disturbance and change.ObjectiveTo set short-term goal and long-term goal for substance users by rational emotive behavior therapy.AimsThe present study aims at ameliorating emotional disturbance among addicts.MethodsA purposive sampling method was adopted. Therapy was administered on 50 substance users admitted in recovery hospital running by pioneer organization Human Development and Research Institute. Each day morning meeting was organized consisting of creed, narration from day by day; personal and interpersonal pull up, acknowledgement, newspaper reading, recreational activities, and serenity prayer. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was recorded.ResultsInferential statistics have shown that statistically significant differences were found among them those who have undergone counselling processes. They have found a proper orientation and significant qualities of life. Such therapy enabled them to find sobriety.ConclusionIn conclusion, it could be stated that Rational Emotive Behaviour therapy was found to be effective among substance users. We can utter with Walen et al. that rational emotive behaviour therapy is ‘not merely working to dispel misery, but actively promoting happiness’.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
The effectiveness of case management interventions for patients suffering from substance use disorders
Authors: Penzenstadler L. , Machado A. , Khazaal Y. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSubstance use disorder (SUD) is a growing health problem which needs a very complex range of care due to the chronic and relapsing nature of the disorder and the multiple psychosocial problems involved. There are often difficulties in current outpatient programs to deliver and coordinate ongoing care and access to different health care providers. To improve treatment outcomes various case management (CM) models have been developed, at first in other psychiatric domains but also for patients with SUD.AimsThe aim was to assess the effectiveness of CM for patients with SUD using existing studies.MethodsSystematic review of CM interventions for patients with SUD by analyzing randomized controlled studies on this matter found on the electronic database PubMed published between 1996 and 2016.Results and conclusionsMost of the analyzed studies showed improvement on the chosen outcome measures, although, these varied in the different studies. Mainly the treatment adherence improved, but substance use only reduced in a third of the studies. Overall functioning improved in about half of the studies. Further, studies are necessary to determine inclusion criteria for CM treatment for patients suffering from SUD in order to orientate patients most likely to benefit from this approach to the specific CM programs. There are still only few studies on this intervention and SUD. Further, studies are needed to examine the effect of treatment intensity of the CM intervention. Also longitudinal studies are needed to ensure the effectiveness of these treatments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Stability of problematic gaming and associations with problematic gambling: A three-year follow-up study of adolescents in the SALVe-cohort
Authors: Vadlin S. , Åslund C. , Nilsson K.W. 
Published: June 2017

AimThe aims of the present study was to investigate the long-term stability of problematic gaming among adolescents, and whether problematic gaming at wave 1 (W1) were associated with problematic gambling at wave 2 (W2), three years later.MethodsData from the SALVe-Cohort, including adolescents in Västmanland born in 1997 and 1999, at two waves were analyzed (W1, n = 1868; 1035 girls, W2, n = 1576; 914 girls). Adolescents self-rated the Gaming Addiction Identification Test (GAIT), Problematic Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), and gambling frequencies. Stability of gaming using Gamma correlation, and Spearman's rho was performed. General linear model analysis (GLM), and logistic regression analysis were performed, adjusted for sex, age, and ethnicity using PGSI as dependent variable, and GAIT as independent variable, for investigating associations between problematic gaming and problematic gambling.ResultsProblematic gaming was stable over time, γ = 0.810, P ≤ 0.001, and ρ = 0.555, P ≤ 0.001. Furthermore, problematic gaming at wave 1 increased the probability of having problematic gambling three years later, GLM F = 3.357, η2 = 0.255, P ≤ 0.001, and logistic regression OR = 5.078 (95% CI: 1.388–18.575), P = 0.014. Male sex was associated with higher probability of problematic gambling.ConclusionsThe present study highlights the importance of screening for problematic gambling among problematic gamers in order not to overlook possible coexisting gambling problems. The stability of problematic gaming indicates a need for development and evaluation of treatment for problematic gaming and also for coexisting gambling problems.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.