bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health of adolescents with currently and formerly incarcerated parents
Authors: Davis Laurel , Shlafer Rebecca J. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTReliable information about children of incarcerated people is difficult to obtain, and major gaps exist in our understanding of their well‐being. This study aims to determine whether adolescents with incarcerated parents report higher levels of mental health problems than those without an incarcerated parent, and whether the relationship between parental incarceration and adolescent mental health is moderated by parent‐child relationships. Using a statewide survey from one US state, we compared adolescents with a currently incarcerated parent to those with a formerly incarcerated parent and those with no history of parental incarceration on self‐reported indicators of mental health, and examined whether strong parent‐child relationships were protective against mental health concerns. Results indicate that adolescents with incarcerated parents are at elevated risk for mental health problems, and strong parent‐child relationships partially buffer children from risk. Findings underscore the need for more investment in effective early interventions for adolescents in highly adverse contexts.
My life as a pupil: The autobiographical memories of adolescents excluded from school
Authors: Farouk Shaalan 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTNarrative psychology is founded on the premise that substantial insight can be gained into individuals' self‐understanding and behaviour by studying the content of their autobiographical memories. This article contributes to this field of inquiry by suggesting that our understanding of adolescents’ exclusion from mainstream education can be enhanced by examining their recollections of school using a narrative dialogical approach. In a research project the autobiographical memories of fifteen female and twenty male students, aged 15–16 years, who had been excluded from secondary schools in London, England were collected and analysed. The aim was to examine how in their narrated depictions of the past, the adolescents explained and justified their position and behaviour at different times in their lives at school. The findings highlight how adolescents perceive themselves to have become positioned by the voices of significant others, schools as institutions and themselves at earlier or later stages in their lives.
Social interaction and cognitive decline: Results of a 7‐year community intervention
Authors: Hikichi Hiroyuki , Kondo Katsunori , Takeda Tokunori , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionThere are few intervention studies that demonstrated linking social participation to lower risk of cognitive decline. We examined prospectively the protective effect of a community intervention program promoting social participation on the incidence of cognitive disability.MethodsThe baseline was established in a survey of community‐dwelling older people aged 65 years old or more in July 2006 (2793 respondents, response rate 48.5%). The setting was Taketoyo town in Japan, where municipal authorities launched an intervention that was based on the establishment of community‐based centers called “salons,” where the town's senior residents could congregate and participate in social activities, ranging from arts and crafts, games, and interactive activities with preschool children. Three salons were established in May 2010, and a total of 10 salons were in operation by 2013. We recorded the frequency of salon participation among survey respondents till 2013 and conducted two follow‐up surveys (in 2010 and 2013) to collect information about health status and behaviors. The onset of cognitive disability was followed from May 2007 to January 2014. We used the marginal structural models to evaluate the effect of program.ResultsThe range of prevalence of cognitive disability was from 0.2% to 2.5% during the observation period. The proportion of respondents who participates to salons increased over time to about 11.7%. The frequency of salon participation was protectively associated with cognitive decline, even after adjusting for time‐dependent covariates and attrition (odds ratio = 0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.54–0.99).DiscussionOur study suggests that operating community salons that encourage social interactions, light physical activity, and cognitive activities among older participants may be effective for preventing cognitive decline. In future studies, we need to understand what sorts of activities (e.g., those involving light physical activity vs. purely intellectual activities) are most effective in maintaining cognitive function.
Is Having Your Computer Compromised a Personal Assault? The Ethics of Extended Cognition
Authors: CARTER J. ADAM , PALERMOS S. ORESTIS 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:Philosophy of mind and cognitive science (e.g., Clark and Chalmers 1998; Clark 2010; Palermos 2014) have recently become increasingly receptive to the hypothesis of extended cognition, according to which external artifacts such as our laptops and smartphones can—under appropriate circumstances—feature as material realizers of a person's cognitive processes. We argue that, to the extent that the hypothesis of extended cognition is correct, our legal and ethical theorizing and practice must be updated by broadening our conception of personal assault so as to include intentional harm toward gadgets that have beenappropriately integrated. We next situate the theoretical case forextended personalassault within the context of some recent ethical and legal cases and close with critical discussion.
THE INFLUENCE OF TEACHINGS OF PUBLICISTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Sivakumaran Sandesh 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article considers the influence of teachings of publicists on the development of international law. The category of ‘teachings of publicists’ is not a homogeneous one. The article argues that it can be divided into: entities that have been empowered by States to conclude teachings, such as the International Law Commission; expert groups, such as the Institut de Droit International; and ‘ordinary’ publicists. The teachings of ordinary publicists are also of different types and include digests, treatises, textbooks, monographs, journal articles, and blog posts. Only by breaking down the category into its various types can the influence of the teaching of publicists on the development of international law be properly gauged. Even then, it can prove rather difficult to pin down the notion of ‘influence’. Standard assessments of influence focus on the extent to which teachings are cited by courts and tribunals, in particular by the International Court of Justice. However, that approach privileges the role of courts and tribunals in the development of international law and overlooks the role of other actors. As such, the present article offers a different assessment of influence. It identifies the actors that comprise the community of international lawyers and analyses the various interactions that take place between these actors and the teachings of publicists. It is through this interaction, of which citation is but part, that the influence of the teachings of publicists can properly be determined.
The Politics of Noise Control in São Paulo
Authors: CARDOSO LEONARDO 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this article, I discuss São Paulo's legal apparatus in respect of environmental noise. I begin by situating my analysis within broader citizenship issues. I then focus on three debates on noise control in the city. The first two debates involve noise ordinances created in the 1990s and enforced by São Paulo's Programa de Silêncio Urbano (Urban Silence Programme, PSIU). The first revolves around the evangelical lawmakers’ attempts to exclude, minimize or hinder the impact of a noise ordinance on religious services. The second debate focuses on an ordinance that required bars without acoustic insulation to close at 1 am – a demand that faced strong opposition from businesses involved in the night-time economy. The third debate describes the recent attempt of a group of acoustic engineers to lobby the city administration for the systematic mapping of traffic noise. I contend that environmental noise is a fruitful point of entry to investigate how the state mediates universal equality and individual freedom, welfare principles and economic gain.
Total eclipse of the heart? The production of eclipsis in two speaking styles of Irish
Authors: Welby Pauline , Ní Chiosáin Máire , Ó Raghallaigh Brian 
Published: December 2016

We examined the production of the Irish initial mutation eclipsis in two speaking styles. In initial mutation phenomena, a word appears with a different initial sound depending on the lexical or morphosyntactic environment (e.g.croí[kɾɣi] ‘(a) heart’ (radical form), (a)chroí[xɾɣi] ‘(his) heart/darling’ (séimhiú-lenition form), and (a)gcroí[ɡɾɣi] ‘their heart/darling’ (eclipsis form)). The goals of the study were:(i)to examine whether there are acoustic differences between the initial consonants of radical word forms (e.g. [ɡ] ofgruig‘(a) frown/scowl’) and the corresponding consonants of eclipsis forms (e.g. [ɡ] ofgcroí), as has been found for similar phenomena in other languages;(ii)to examine variability in the patterns of initial mutation in the speech of present-day speakers of Irish.Our analyses offer limited evidence that there may be phonetic differences between radical and corresponding eclipsis consonants, but the current data do not allow us to rule out alternative explanations. The realization of initial mutations in semi-spontaneous speech differed dramatically both from that of read speech and from the expectations of the traditional grammar. The results suggest that the realization of eclipsis and other initial mutations may be style- or register-dependent. We also found some evidence that it may vary by consonant type, in part due to phonological frequency patterns of the language.
Principled Pragmatism: The Eastern Committee of German Economy and West German–Chinese relations during the early Cold War, 1949–1958
Authors: BERNARDINI GIOVANNI 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article focuses on the interplay between the political authorities and economic actors in the Federal Republic of Germany in the process of establishing relations with the People's Republic of China after 1949. Within this framework, the article will assess the role played by the Ost-Ausschuss der Deutschen Wirtschaft (Eastern Committee of German Economy), a semi-official organization recognized by the West German government. Both the ability of German economic actors and China's urgent need for economic contact with the West caused German-Chinese trade relations to circumvent the strict non-recognition policy followed by the West German government. The article also argues that, while economic relations heralded official recognition of the People's Republic of China by other Western European countries, in the case of the Federal Republic of Germany a division between the two spheres was finally accepted by the major actors involved, and ended only after the change of attitude imparted by the Nixon presidency in the United States during the early 1970s.
The X-claim argument against religious belief
Authors: LAW STEPHEN 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article outlines an argument against religious belief: the X-claim argument. The argument is novel at least in the sense that it has not yet been clearly articulated or addressed before in the philosophical literature. However, the argument is closely related to two more familiar varieties of argument currently receiving philosophical attention, namely: (i) arguments from religious diversity, and (ii) naturalistic debunking arguments (e.g. Freudian, Marxist, and evolutionary). I set out the X-claim argument, show that it has some prima facie plausibility, distinguish it from these other two arguments with which it might easily be confused, and, finally, explain why it has some significant advantages over these more familiar arguments against religious belief.
A simple library implementation of binary sessions
Authors: PADOVANI LUCA 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInspired by the continuation-passing encoding of binary sessions, we describe a simple approach to embed a hybrid form of session type checking into any programming language that supports parametric polymorphism. The approach combines static protocol analysis with dynamic linearity checks. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique, we implement a well-integrated OCaml module for session communications. For free, OCaml provides us with equirecursive session types, parametric behavioural polymorphism, complete session type inference, and session subtyping.
Curating Tempelhof: negotiating the multiple histories of Berlin's ‘symbol of freedom’
Authors: COPLEY CLARE 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:Despite its National Socialist origins, the post-war use of Berlin's Tempelhof Airport has seen it recast as a ‘symbol of freedom’. Since the airport's 2008 closure, the site has been caught between calls for increased engagement with its use under the Third Reich and economic incentives to repackage it as an attractive events location. Through analysing the different strategies through which Tempelhof's past is negotiated, this article will highlight the contested nature of Berlin's relationship with the past and the complex interaction between memory politics and more pragmatic issues.
Melamine–Formaldehyde Microcapsules: Micro- and Nanostructural Characterization with Electron Microscopy
Authors: Heidari Hamed , Rivero Guadalupe , Idrissi Hosni , Ramachandran Dhanya , Cakir Seda , Egoavil Ricardo , Kurttepeli Mert , Crabbé Amandine C. , Hauffman Tom , Terryn Herman , Du Prez Filip , Schryvers Dominique 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA systematic study has been carried out to compare the surface morphology, shell thickness, mechanical properties, and binding behavior of melamine–formaldehyde microcapsules of 5–30μm diameter size with various amounts of core content by using scanning and transmission electron microscopy including electron tomography,in situnanomechanical tensile testing, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. It is found that porosities are present on the outside surface of the capsule shell, but not on the inner surface of the shell. Nanomechanical tensile tests on the capsule shells reveal that Young’s modulus of the shell material is higher than that of bulk melamine–formaldehyde and that the shells exhibit a larger fracture strain compared with the bulk. Core-loss elemental analysis of microcapsules embedded in epoxy indicates that during the curing process, the microcapsule-matrix interface remains uniform and the epoxy matrix penetrates into the surface micro-porosities of the capsule shells.
Five-year results for image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT) for cervical carcinoma: a report from single institute of Thailand
Authors: Tharavichitkul Ekkasit , Chakrabandhu Somvilai , Klunklin Pitchayaponne , Onchan Wimrak , Jia-Mahasap Bongkot , Janla-or Suwapim , Tippanya Damrongsak , Nobnop Wannapa , Wanwilairat Somsak , Pukanhaphan Nantaka , Galalae Razvan M. , Chitapanarux Imjai 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo report of long-term results and toxicity profiles using image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT) combined with whole pelvic radiation therapy (WPRT) for cervical carcinoma.Materials and MethodsIn total, 52 patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma were enrolled into the study. WPRT was used to treat the clinical target volume (CTV) with a dose of 45–50·4 Gy in 23–28 fractions. IGBT using computed tomography was performed at the dose of 6·5–7 Gy×4 fractions to the minimum dose covering 90% of target volume (D90) of high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV).ResultsThe mean cumulative dose in equivalent doses of 2 Gy for the D90 of HR-CTV, dose at 2% at refereed volume (D2cc) of bladder, D2cc of rectum and D2cc of sigmoid colon were 92·4, 87·9, 69·6, and 72 Gy, respectively. At the median follow-up time of 61 months, the 5-year local control, disease-free survival, and overall survival rates were 96·2, 75 and 84·6% respectively. Two patients (3·8%) developed grade 3–4 gastrointestinal and two patients (3·8%) developed grade 3–4 genitourinal toxicities.ConclusionThe combination of WPRT plus IGBT showed very promising long-term results with excellent local control and toxicity profiles.
Enduring Mistrust and Conflict Management in Southeast Asia: An Assessment of ASEAN as a Security Community
Authors: Emmers Ralf 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe paper explores whether the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has matured from a weak cooperative arrangement in its early days into a functioning security community by 2016. It first introduces a Deutschian and a constructivist understanding of security communities before examining ASEAN's involvement in the security realm since 1967. The paper claims that the regional body is not yet a security community, partly due to residual mistrust among its members, which undermines ASEAN's ability to address a series of ongoing inter-state disputes in Southeast Asia. While it has contributed to conflict avoidance, the Association has so far failed to conduct conflict resolution in spite of the ASEAN Political and Security Community initiative. The paper concludes that the failure to directly address and ultimately resolve sources of conflict in Southeast Asia has undermined the establishment of a security community in the region.
Democratizing Foreign-Policy Making in Indonesia and the Democratization of ASEAN: A Role Theory Analysis
Authors: Rüland Jürgen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWith the resignation of President Soeharto in 1998 and subsequent democratization, Indonesia's foreign policy underwent major changes. More stakeholders than under Soeharto's New Order regime are now participating in foreign-policy making. The country seemed to make democracy promotion a hallmark of its foreign policy, especially under the presidency of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004–2014). This raises the questions of whether and, if so, to what extent Indonesian democratization changed the country's established foreign-policy role conceptions and how much impact Indonesia's democratization had on the democratization of regional governance. The paper seeks to answer these questions by developing a theoretical framework based on a constructivist version of role theory. On the basis of speeches held by Indonesian political leaders in the United Nations General Assembly and major domestic foreign-policy pronouncements, it documents changes in Indonesia's foreign-policy role concepts. It shows that, indeed, in theEra Reformasi, democracy became a major component in the country's foreign-policy role concept, although many elements of the role concept such as development orientation, Third Worldism, peace orientation, and a mediator's role remained constant. However, the litmus test for a democracy-oriented foreign policy, that is, the democratization of regional governance in Southeast Asia, remains ambiguous, and concrete policy initiatives often declaratory.
Samuel A. Bowring Receives 2016 Walter H. Bucher Medal
Authors:   AGU
Published: December 2016

Samuel A. Bowring was awarded the 2016 Walter H. Bucher Medal at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 14 December 2016 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal is for "original contributions to the basic knowledge of crust and lithosphere."
Observing eruptions of gas-rich compressible magmas from space
Authors: Kilbride Brendan McCormick , Edmonds Marie , Biggs Juliet 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObservations of volcanoes from space are a critical component of volcano monitoring, but we lack quantitative integrated models to interpret them. The atmospheric sulfur yields of eruptions are variable and not well correlated with eruption magnitude and for many eruptions the volume of erupted material is much greater than the subsurface volume change inferred from ground displacements. Up to now, these observations have been treated independently, but they are fundamentally linked. If magmas are vapour-saturated before eruption, bubbles cause the magma to become more compressible, resulting in muted ground displacements. The bubbles contain the sulfur-bearing vapour injected into the atmosphere during eruptions. Here we present a model that allows the inferred volume change of the reservoir and the sulfur mass loading to be predicted as a function of reservoir depth and the magma’s oxidation state and volatile content, which is consistent with the array of natural data.
A cell-autonomous tumour suppressor role of RAF1 in hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Jeric Ines , Maurer Gabriele , Cavallo Anna Lina , Raguz Josipa , Desideri Enrico , Tarkowski Bartosz , Parrini Matthias , Fischer Irmgard , Zatloukal Kurt , Baccarini Manuela 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths, but its molecular heterogeneity hampers the design of targeted therapies. Currently, the only therapeutic option for advanced HCC is Sorafenib, an inhibitor whose targets include RAF. Unexpectedly, RAF1 expression is reduced in human HCC samples. Modelling RAF1 downregulation by RNAi increases the proliferation of human HCC lines in xenografts and in culture; furthermore, RAF1 ablation promotes chemical hepatocarcinogenesis and the proliferation of cultured (pre)malignant mouse hepatocytes. The phenotypes depend on increased YAP1 expression and STAT3 activation, observed in cultured RAF1-deficient cells, in HCC xenografts, and in autochthonous liver tumours. Thus RAF1, although essential for the development of skin and lung tumours, is a negative regulator of hepatocarcinogenesis. This unexpected finding highlights the contribution of the cellular/tissue environment in determining the function of a protein, and underscores the importance of understanding the molecular context of a disease to inform therapy design.
Local synthesis of dynein cofactors matches retrograde transport to acutely changing demands
Authors: Villarin Joseph M. , McCurdy Ethan P. , Martínez José C. , Hengst Ulrich 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCytoplasmic dynein mediates retrograde transport in axons, but it is unknown how its transport characteristics are regulated to meet acutely changing demands. We find that stimulus-induced retrograde transport of different cargos requires the local synthesis of different dynein cofactors. Nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced transport of large vesicles requires local synthesis of Lis1, while smaller signalling endosomes require both Lis1 and p150Glued. Lis1 synthesis is also triggered by NGF withdrawal and required for the transport of a death signal. Association of Lis1 transcripts with the microtubule plus-end tracking protein APC is required for their translation in response to NGF stimulation but not for their axonal recruitment and translation upon NGF withdrawal. These studies reveal a critical role for local synthesis of dynein cofactors for the transport of specific cargos and identify association with RNA-binding proteins as a mechanism to establish functionally distinct pools of a single transcript species in axons.