bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uwagi na tle postanowienia Sądu Najwyższego z 2 lutego 2017 r. sygn. II KK 306/16 oraz wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z 9 listopada 2017 r. sygn. II KK 215/17
Authors: Wiaderek Aleksander 
Published: September 2024

Two paramedics and a dispatcher have been charged with endangering the imminent risk of loss of life or grievous bodily harm the health of a stroke patient who, on the instructions of the dispatcher they transported her to a hospital without conditions or technical facilities for treating strokes conditions and technical facilities for treating strokes, and on the spot refused to transport her to another facility suitable for the clinical condition. The patient survived, but at the cost of great damage to her health, and as an auxiliary defendant the was the husband, who from the outset insisted that his wife be transported elsewhere elsewhere, but for reasons of his own convenience. An altercation with him delayed assistance. In essence, the case concerns the interpretation of the standards governing the transportation of persons in a state of medical emergency by the emergency medical services system medical emergency system, and whether a patient in that system has anything at all to say over the facility to which he or she would be taken.
Multiregion ultra‐deep sequencing reveals early intermixing and variable levels of intratumoral heterogeneity in colorectal cancer
Authors: Suzuki Yuka , Ng Sarah Boonhsi , Chua Clarinda , Leow Wei Qiang , Chng Jermain , Liu Shi Yang , Ramnarayanan Kalpana , Gan Anna , Ho Dan Liang , Ten Rachel , Su Yan , Lezhava Alexandar , Lai Jiunn Herng , Koh Dennis , Lim Kiat Hon , Tan Patrick , Rozen Steven G. , Tan Iain Beehuat 
Published: February 2017

Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) contributes to cancer progression and chemoresistance. We sought to comprehensively describe ITH of somatic mutations, copy number, and transcriptomic alterations involving clinically and biologically relevant gene pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC). We performed multiregion, high‐depth (384× on average) sequencing of 799 cancer‐associated genes in 24 spatially separated primary tumor and nonmalignant tissues from four treatment‐naïve CRC patients. We then used ultra‐deep sequencing (17 075× on average) to accurately verify the presence or absence of identified somatic mutations in each sector. We also digitally measured gene expression and copy number alterations using NanoString assays. We identified the subclonal point mutations and determined the mutational timing and phylogenetic relationships among spatially separated sectors of each tumor. Truncal mutations, those shared by all sectors in the tumor, affected the well‐described driver genes such as APC, TP53, and KRAS. With sequencing at 17 075×, we found that mutations first detected at a sequencing depth of 384× were in fact more widely shared among sectors than originally assessed. Interestingly, ultra‐deep sequencing also revealed some mutations that were present in all spatially dispersed sectors, but at subclonal levels. Ultra‐high‐depth validation sequencing, copy number analysis, and gene expression profiling provided a comprehensive and accurate genomic landscape of spatial heterogeneity in CRC. Ultra‐deep sequencing allowed more sensitive detection of somatic mutations and a more accurate assessment of ITH. By detecting the subclonal mutations with ultra‐deep sequencing, we traced the genomic histories of each tumor and the relative timing of mutational events. We found evidence of early mixing, in which the subclonal ancestral mutations intermixed across the sectors before the acquisition of subsequent nontruncal mutations. Our findings also indicate that different CRC patients display markedly variable ITH, suggesting that each patient's tumor possesses a unique genomic history and spatial organization.
The high‐pressure viscosity of refrigerant/oil systems
Authors: Bair Scott , Baker Mark , Pallister David M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractApplication of the new quantitative elastohydrodynamics to the concentrated contacts operating within refrigerant compressors will require the accurate description of the viscosity of the lubricant that is diluted by the refrigerant. This article presents extensive viscosity measurements on polyolester and polyvinylether oils and their mixtures with low mass fractions (2–23%) of refrigerants R134a and R410a. Pressures up to 400 MPa and temperatures to 100°C were reached. Correlations are presented to predict the viscosity and pressure–viscosity coefficients at arbitrary temperatures and pressures and concentrations. Pressure–viscosity coefficients are compared with those derived from film thickness measurements using one of the popular definitions for the coefficient. Where comparisons can be made, the film‐derived pressure–viscosity coefficients were mostly inaccurate. Part of the problem has been the lack of a single well‐accepted and rigorous definition of the pressure–viscosity coefficient and the lack of an accurate film thickness formula that employs that definition. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How the Relativistic Motion Affect Quantum Fisher Information and Bell Non-locality for Multipartite state
Authors: Huang Chun Yu , Ma Wenchao , Wang Dong , Ye Liu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this work, the quantum fisher information (QFI) and Bell non-locality of a multipartite fermionic system are investigated. Unlike the currently existing research of QFI, we focus our attention on the differences between quantum fisher information and Bell non-locality under the relativistic framework. The results show that although the relativistic motion affects the strength of the non-locality, it does not change the physical structure of non-locality. However, unlike the case of non-locality, the relativistic motion not only influence the precision of the QFI Fϕ but also broke the symmetry of the function Fϕ. The results also show that for a special multipartite system, "Equation missing", the number of particles of a initial state do not affect the Fθ. Furthermore, we also find that Fθ is completely unaffected in non-inertial frame if there are inertial observers. Finally, in view of the decay behavior of QFI and non-locality under the non-inertial frame, we proposed a effective scheme to battle against Unruh effect.
Oncolytic Adenoviral Delivery of an EGFR-Targeting T-cell Engager Improves Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Fajardo Carlos Alberto , Guedan Sonia , Rojas Luis Alfonso , Moreno Rafael , Arias-Badia Marcel , de Sostoa Jana , June Carl H. , Alemany Ramon 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Antiviral immune responses present a major hurdle to the efficacious use of oncolytic adenoviruses as cancer treatments. Despite the existence of a highly immunosuppressive tumor environment, adenovirus-infected cells can nonetheless be efficiently cleared by infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) without compromising tumor burden. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tumor-infiltrating T cells could be more effectively activated and redirected by oncolytic adenoviruses that were armed with bispecific T-cell–engager (BiTE) antibodies. The oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR-15K was engineered to express an EGFR-targeting BiTE (cBiTE) antibody under the control of the major late promoter, leading to generation of ICOVIR-15K-cBiTE, which retained its oncolytic properties in vitro. cBiTE expression and secretion was detected in supernatants from ICOVIR-15K-cBiTE–infected cells, and the secreted BiTEs bound specifically to both CD3+ and EGFR+ cells. In cell coculture assays, ICOVIR-15K-cBiTE–mediated oncolysis resulted in robust T-cell activation, proliferation, and bystander cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Notably, intratumoral injection of this cBiTE-expressing adenovirus increased the persistence and accumulation of tumor-infiltrating T cells in vivo, compared with the parental virus lacking such effects. Moreover, in two distinct tumor xenograft models, combined delivery of ICOVIR-15K-cBiTE with peripheral blood mononuclear cells or T cells enhanced the antitumor efficacy achieved by the parental counterpart. Overall, our results show how arming oncolytic adenoviruses with BiTE can overcome key limitations in oncolytic virotherapy. Cancer Res; 77(8); 2052–63. ©2017 AACR.
Linear and non-linear vibration analysis of moderately thick isosceles triangular FGPs using a triangular finite p-element
Authors: Belalia SA. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background
The geometrically non-linear formulation based on Von-Karman’s hypothesis is used to study the free vibration isosceles triangular plates by using four types of mixtures of functionally graded materials (FGMs - AL/AL2O3, SUS304/Si3N4, Ti- AL-4V/Aluminum oxide, AL/ZrO2). Material properties are assumed to be temperature dependent and graded in the thickness direction according to power law distribution.

Methods
A hierarchical finite element based on triangular p-element is employed to define the model, taking into account the hypotheses of first-order shear deformation theory. The equations of non-linear free motion are derived from Lagrange's equation in combination with the harmonic balance method and solved iteratively using the linearized updated mode method.

Results
Results for the linear and nonlinear frequencies parameters of clamped isosceles triangular plates are obtained. The accuracy of the present results are established through convergence studies and comparison with results of literature for metallic plates. The results of the linear vibration of clamped FGMs isosceles triangular plates are also presented in this study.

Conclusion
The effects of apex angle, thickness ratio, volume fraction exponent and mixtures of FGMs on the backbone curves and mode shape of clamped isosceles triangular plates are studied. The results obtained in this work reveal that the physical and geometrical parameters have a important effect on the non-linear vibration of FGMs triangular plates.
Dem Local Accuracy Patterns in Land-Use/Land-Cover Classification
Authors: Katerji Wassim , Farjas Abadia Mercedes , Morillo Balsera Maria del Carmen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGlobal and nation-wide DEM do not preserve the same height accuracy throughout the area of study. Instead of assuming a single RMSE value for the whole area, this study proposes a vario-model that divides the area into sub-regions depending on the land-use / landcover (LULC) classification, and assigns a local accuracy per each zone, as these areas share similar terrain formation and roughness, and tend to have similar DEM accuracies. A pilot study over Lebanon using the SRTM and ASTER DEMs, combined with a set of 1,105 randomly distributed ground control points (GCPs) showed that even though the inputDEMs have different spatial and temporal resolution, and were collected using difierent techniques, their accuracy varied similarly when changing over difierent LULC classes. Furthermore, validating the generated vario-models proved that they provide a closer representation of the accuracy to the validating GCPs than the conventional RMSE, by 94% and 86% for the SRTMand ASTER respectively. Geostatistical analysis of the input and output datasets showed that the results have a normal distribution, which support the generalization of the proven hypothesis, making this finding applicable to other input datasets anywhere around the world.
Visions of Finland in the Age of Globalization
Authors: Lounasmeri Lotta 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
It seems that in the current era of globalization, the national discourse has not lost its appeal in Finnish public discussion. Somewhat paradoxically, it is as strong as ever when the challenge of globalization is being debated in the Finnish press. A closer investigation of the national arena Helsingin Sanomat (HS) shows a coalition of powerful societal actors in the centre, building up a national consensus and a vision of Finland’s future as a competition state. Different interest groups are divided in their attitudes towards globalization and its implications for Finnish society. Less powerful actors see it as a threat and try to bring forward a vision of Finland as a fair and responsible nation. At the same time, mainstream journalism seems to be afraid of political conflict and of stirring things up. Instead, the paper holds on to the traditional consensus-oriented public discussion culture. The present article discusses the Finnish globalization discussion from the 1990s until 2004.
Properties of cartographic modelling under contemporary definitions of a map
Authors: Baranowski Marek , Gotlib Dariusz , Olszewski Robert 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The identity of cartography is determined by the manner of defining and interpreting the concept of “map”. However, the term has not been unequivocally articulated as yet. There are many different definitions of maps available in literature – from those viewing map as a scaled-down, planar, graphic representation of geographical space, to those that equate a map to a specific model that is independent of the form of its presentation. Interestingly enough, the basis of such universal treatment of the map concept can be found already in the scientific works from the 1960s. Although contemporary definitions do not limit a map to a single form of presentation, such over-simplification still persists.
The issue has become very relevant given the rapidly increasing number of diverse geospatial applications designed to access spatial data and present it in diverse forms. So far, however, there are no clear rules for categorizing a given representation as cartographic or non-cartographic. And this often gives rise to various misconceptions, e.g. regarding the role and responsibilities of cartography as science and practical activity.
According to the authors of the article, a map is an ordered informational structure shaped by the years of practical experience and research in the field of cartography. Map arising in the process of cartographic modelling is understood as one of many possible models of the portrayed space. The model is formed in the course of thought processes, including abstraction and generalization in particular. Creation of the model involves the use of symbolism that can be decoded by the recipient. This does not mean, however, that the process of symbolization is limited exclusively to graphical representations. Map is also a tool for presenting spatial information in a visual, digital or tactile way. Therefore, the essence of map is determined by its “model” nature rather than the format of the cartographic message.
The authors have assumed that map is formed in the process of cartographic modelling and certain properties of the process can be defined, that distinguish it from other methods of spatial modelling. The properties recognized as characteristic for cartographic modelling include space portraying that enables identification of types of objects and phenomena, describing spatial relationships between objects, as well as their positioning in the applied reference system. In the authors’ opinion, properties of cartographic modelling include also the intentional application of a specific level of generalization determined by the objective of the map, aware authorship of the message, unambiguity of communication and symbolization based on knowledge. The proposed approach should facilitate the classification of different products designed to represent space.
Splenic Abscess with Bleeding in a Female Patient Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Cholecystectomy – A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Juszczak Mirosław , Szopiński Jacek , Szambelan Monika 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSplenic abscess is a potential complication of many disease entities which involve infections. Diagnostics are based on imaging studies. Treatment involves splenectomy and antibiotic therapy. In the case the abscess is limited, and particularly in young patients, percutaneous abscess drainage may be performed.This paper presents a case of a 66-year old female patient following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) complicated with sternum infection and cholecystectomy due to gallbladder abscess complicated with surgical site infection, who underwent long-term treatment in the ICU due to respiratory failure and persistent septic condition. Splenic abscess is a rare complication of abdominal cavity diseases and systemic infections.
Wetland Algal Communities from Balta Mică a Brăilei Nature Park (Romania)
Authors: Florescu Mihaela Hrisa , Maxim Maria Magdalena , Momeu Laura , Cîmpean Mirela , Battes Karina Paula 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe present paper aims to characterize the algal communities from Balta Mică a Brăilei Nature Park in terms of their species richness and their ability to reflect the water quality of the aquatic ecosystems they live in. Thirteen shallow floodplain lakes, both permanent and temporary, were considered for the present study, with 16 sampling occasions in 2012 and 2013. More than 300 algal taxa were identified, with the green algae (Chlorophyta) being the dominant phyla in almost all the sampling sites. The trophicity and the organic pollution reached high values in 2012, probably due to low water levels caused by drought. Spring floods from 2013 led to lower trophicity and saprobity levels in all sampled water pools.
AKAD PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH MENURUT PEMAHAMAN NASABAH BAITUL MAAL WAT TAMWIL (Studi Pada BMT Al-Aziz Tongas Probolinggo)
Authors: Hamidah Siti , Yandono Prayudo Eri 
Published: February 2017

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><em>Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) as a financial institution</em><em>in Indonesia must compliance to the Islamic law, namely Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI). But in reality shows the opposite. One of the causes is the lack of consciousness the laws of society. This empirical research wants to find out how customers of BMT in Tongas Probolinggo understanding against mudharabah contract.</em> <em>Research is done by approach juridical antropologis.</em><em> Lack of understanding of the customer against the mudharabah contract mis-information by the BMT. Besides, experience customers factors associated with financial institutions formerly also affect. Mudharabah contract still understood as the loan with the obligation of paying interest, not as a result of ratio a share of the revenue. Collateral in mudharabah contract is also seen as a matter a reasonable. However, the understanding BMT’s customers to the values of contract, namely trust, justice, honesty, and mutually beneficial, are good in general. This can not be separated from the influence of social and cultural of the locations of this research.</em></p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><em>Baitul Maal wat Tamwil </em>(BMT) dalam menjalankan kegiatannya harus patuh pada ketentuan hukum Islam, yaitu Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI). Dalam kenyataannya, kepatuhan pada ketentuan syariah banyak disimpangi. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah rendahnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat. Berlatar belakang hal di atas, maka penelitian berjenis empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis antropologis ini bertujuan untuk mengidentidikasi dan mendeskripsikan serta menganalisis pemahaman nasabah terhadap akad <em>mudharaba </em>di BMT Al-Aziz Tongas Probolinggo. Rendahnya pemahaman nasabah BMT terhadap akad <em>mudharabah </em>adalah karena penjelasan pihak BMT yang kurang tepat. Di samping itu pengalaman nasabah berhutang pada lembaga keuangan konvensional, rentenir dan lainnya membentuk pemahaman tentang akad <em>mudharabah </em>yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan syariah. Akad <em>mudharabah</em>dimaknai sebagai perjanjian utang-piutang dengan kewajiban membayar bunga, bukan berdasar ratio bagi hasil. Kewajiban jaminan juga dipahami sebagai sesuatu yang wajar. Namun demikian, pemahaman nasabah BMT terhadap nilai-nilai akad, yaitu kepercayaan, keadilan, kejujuran, serta saling menguntungkan, sangat baik, hal ini tidak lepas dari pengaruh sosial budaya masyarakat setempat.
Risk and Reward: “Disruptive” Technology
Authors: Judah Janeen 
Published: February 2017

President's column
Following my theme for the year on Risk and Reward, let’s think about how disruptive technologies alter the risk/reward balance. The term “disruptive technology” is usually attributed to the Harvard Business School professor Clayton Christensen in his bestselling 1997 book, The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail. Christensen defined disruptive technology as a new emerging technology that unexpectedly displaces an established one. Disruptive technologies are usually still unrefined, have performance problems, are not widely known, and may not have a proven practical or commercial application. Disruptive technologies can significantly alter the course of our lifestyles, work, businesses, and even the global economy.
In 2013, McKinsey Global Institute published a list of the 12 most potentially economically disruptive technologies. Think about how life was before these advances:
Mobile Internet
Automation of knowledge work
Internet of Things
Advanced robotics
Cloud technology
Autonomous or near-autonomous vehicles (cars, drones, etc.)
Next-generation genomics
Next-generation storage, including batteries
3D printing
Advanced materials
Advanced oil and gas exploration and recovery
Renewable electricity
We’ve already seen the impact of some of these new technologies in the oil and gas business: cheaper, more robust sensors are multiplying; software is getting smarter, and I believe will mitigate some of the knowledge lost in the Big Crew Change; and advanced materials continue to improve performance and resiliency in oilfield applications. McKinsey’s #11 singles out advanced oil and gas technologies, and most agree that the most disruptive oilfield innovation of the past 30 years has been the application of advanced completion techniques in shales. Private ownership of minerals in the US enabled rapid commercialization of the country’s shale plays through hydraulic fracturing. This unforeseen innovation shook up the oil markets, as we are all living through, but also the global gas and LNG markets. Ten years ago, the US was expected to be a gas importer and companies built LNG import terminals to meet the demand. Now, LNG export terminals are being built to move US gas out to world markets. Huge, unanticipated commercial swings occurred, all due to the application of an existing technology to new formations. And, no one saw it coming.