bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in biotic interactions across range edges have only minor effects on plant performance
Authors: Katz Daniel S. W. , Ibáñez Inés 
Published: September 2016

Summary

It is widely expected that plant species will expand their ranges poleward in response to climate change. In the process, individuals establishing beyond existing range margins will be exposed to new biotic communities, including different assemblages of natural enemies. The resulting differences in biotic interactions could lead to scenarios of enemy release or biotic resistance, and if the interactions are strong, they could influence plant performance and therefore colonization success.

In order to test whether natural enemies will affect range expansion dynamics, we transplanted seven species along a 450‐km latitudinal gradient that spanned the range edges of five of these species. The experiment was conducted over 5 years with ˜ 13 000 seedlings and included pesticide treatments to reduce invertebrate herbivory. We measured foliar damage caused by disease and invertebrate herbivores, seedling survival, light availability, soil moisture, soil nutrient concentrations and several other variables in nine forests located in four regions along the latitudinal gradient.

We found that several species (Carya glabra, Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus velutina and Robinia pseudoacacia) tended to have less foliar disease beyond their range, but there were few substantial differences in herbivory across range edges (with the exception of Liriodendron tulipifera). After accounting for other variables, including environmental conditions and vertebrate herbivory, we found that foliar disease decreased survival for four species (Acer rubrum, Quercus alba, Quercus rubra and Quercus velutina) and foliar herbivory reduced survival for three species (Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera and Quercus rubra).

However, the effects of these biotic interactions on survival were very small (0–5% reductions in survival at observed levels of damage after four years), which is verified by the minor effects of the pesticide treatment on seedling survival.

Synthesis. Our results suggest that foliar herbivores and pathogens are unlikely to play a major role in the range expansion dynamics of these temperate tree species.
Water mass mixing shapes bacterial biogeography in a highly hydrodynamic region of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Hernando‐Morales Víctor , Ameneiro Julia , Teira Eva 
Published: September 2016

SummaryEven though compelling evidences indicate that marine microbes show biogeographic patterns, very little is known on the mechanisms driving those patterns in aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, bacterial community structure was examined in epipelagic waters of a highly hydrodynamic area of the Southern Ocean to gain insight into the role that biogeochemical factors and water mass mixing (a proxy of dispersal) have on microbial biogeography. Four water masses that converge and mix around the South Shetland Islands (northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula) were investigated. Bacterioplankton communities were water‐mass specific, and were best explained by dispersal rather than by biogeochemical factors, which is attributed to the relatively reduced environmental gradients found in these cold and nutrient rich waters. These results support the notion that currents and water mixing may have a considerable effect in connecting and transforming different water bodies, and consequently, in shaping communities of microorganisms. Considering the multidimensional and dynamic nature of the ocean, analysis of water mass mixing is a more suitable approach to investigate the role of dispersal on the biogeography of planktonic microorganisms rather than geographical distance.
Molecular Pathology of Pulmonary Edema in Forensic Autopsy Cases with Special Regard to Fatal Methamphetamine Intoxication
Authors: Du Yu , Jin Hong‐Nian , Zhao Rui , Zhao Dong , Xue Ye , Zhu Bao‐Li , Guan Da‐Wei , Xie Xiao‐Li , Wang Qi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPulmonary edema is a common finding in fatal methamphetamine intoxication. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. This study investigated the molecular pathology of alveolar damage involving pulmonary edema in forensic autopsy cases. Seven candidate reference genes (RPL13A, YWHAZ, GUSB, SDHA, GAPDH, B2M, and ACTB) were evaluated in the lung by the geNorm module in qBaseplus software. RPL13A, YWHAZ, and GUSB were identified as the most stable reference genes. Using these validated reference genes, intrapulmonary mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), claudin‐5 (CLDN‐5), and aquaporins (AQPs) were examined. Relative mRNA quantification using TaqMan real‐time PCR assay demonstrated higher expressions of all markers except for AQP‐5 in fatal METH intoxication cases. These findings suggested alveolar damage and compensatory response in fatal METH intoxication cases. Systematic analysis of gene expressions using real‐time qPCR is a useful tool in forensic death investigation.
Lower urgency paediatric injuries: Parent preferences for emergency department or general practitioner care
Authors: Gafforini Sarah , Turbitt Erin , Freed Gary L 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesInjuries are a significant proportion of lower urgency (triage category 4 or 5) child presentations to the EDs in metropolitan Melbourne. The purpose of the present study was to assess parental preferences and experiences regarding the treatment of lower urgency child injuries and the role of general practitioners (GPs) in such care.MethodsA self‐administered survey study of 1150 parents of children ≤9 years of age attending the ED at one of four Victorian hospitals triaged with a lower urgency condition (triage category 4 or 5) looked at whether children with lower urgency injuries are frequently referred by their GP to the ED and parent preferences for the care of lower urgency child injuries. Parents were recruited by time of day and weekday/weekend. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed.ResultsFewer parents of injured children, compared with illness, attempted to make a GP appointment prior to attending ED (35% vs 46%; P < 0.001). A greater proportion of injured children were referred to the ED by their GP than ill children (84% vs 59%; P = <0.001). More parents (53%) preferred ED for the care of child injuries than primary care. Parents who presented to the ED with an ill child were more likely to indicate that they have greater trust in ED doctors for the treatment of injuries than primary care doctors (56% vs 46%; P = 0.003).ConclusionsTreatment provided in the ED for child injuries is valued highly by most parents, with a higher proportion of children with an injury being referred to the ED by their GP. Improving GP treatment skills and training opportunities may reduce GP referrals of lower urgency child injuries to the ED.
Opinion of Spanish Consumers on Hydrosustainable Pistachios
Authors: Noguera‐Artiaga Luis , Lipan Leontina , Vázquez‐Araújo L. , Barber Xavi , Pérez‐López David , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFruits and vegetables cultivated under controlled deficit irrigation (CDI) are called hydrosustainable (hydroSOS) products and have its own personality and are environmentally‐friendly. Focus groups helped in classifying key farming, sensory, and health concepts associated with CDI‐grown pistachios. Besides, focus groups also helped in stating that a logo was needed for these special foods, and that a hydroSOS index is also essential to certify that the products have been controlled by a control board. Conjoint analysis was used to check which attributes could be helpful in promoting CDI‐grown pistachios among Spanish consumers in a 1st step toward the European Union (EU) market. It was clearly proved that the main silo of properties driving the attention of Spanish consumers was that related to health. The most important attributes for pistachios were “product of Spain,” “rich in antioxidant,” and “crunchy”; this finding was clearly related to the popularity of regional foods, the preoccupation of European consumers for their health, and the joy related to the crunchiness of toasted nuts, respectively. The use of these 3 concepts, together with the use of the hydroSOS logo, will be essential to promote hydroSOS pistachios among Spanish and EU consumers. Finally, it is important to highlight that in general Spanish consumers were willing to pay an extra amount of 1.0 euros per kg of hydroSOS pistachios. These earnings will be essential to convince Spanish farmers to implement CDI strategies and have a sustainable and environmental‐friendly use of the irrigation water.
Prevalence and Related Factors of Ineffective Self‐Health Management in Polymedicated Patients Over the Age of 65 Years
Authors: Montiel‐Luque Alonso , Núñez‐Montenegro Antonio Jesús , Martín‐Aurioles Esther , García‐Dillana Felicísima , Toro‐Toro Maria Carmen , González‐Correa José Antonio ,   Polipresact
Published: September 2016

PURPOSETo determine the prevalence of Ineffective Self‐Health Management (ISHM) (00078) and its related factors in polymedicated patients over the age of 65 years.METHODSA cross‐sectional, descriptive design was used. A home interview was conducted with each participant (N = 375) for data collection.FINDINGSThe prevalence of ISHM was 37.3%. The risk factors associated were social risk, depression, noncompliance, medication errors, and confusion with medications.CONCLUSIONSAmong polymedicated elderly patients, the prevalence of ISHM is high. The diagnosis is closely connected to the compliance and complexity of the treatment regimen, in addition to those relating strictly to social and emotional factors.IMPLICATIONSNursing methodology encompasses instruments that allow nurses in clinical practice to evaluate the issue of compliance.
Assays of Gamma‐Glutamyl Transferase and Carbohydrate‐Deficient Transferrin Combination from Maternal Serum Improve the Detection of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Niemelä Onni , Niemelä Solja , Ritvanen Annukka , Gissler Mika , Bloigu Aini , Vääräsmäki Marja , Kajantie Eero , Werler Martha M. , Surcel Heljä‐Marja 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAlcohol use during pregnancy leads to detrimental effects on fetal development. As self‐reports by mothers are known to be unreliable for assessing prenatal alcohol exposure, there is a need for sensitive and specific biomarkers for identifying those at risk for alcohol‐affected offspring.MethodsWe measured serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT), a mathematically formulated combination of GGT and CDT (GGT–CDT), and ethylglucuronide (EtG) concentrations from 1,936 mothers with a positive (n = 480) or negative (n = 1,456) history of alcohol use at the time of pregnancy. The material included 385 alcohol‐abusing mothers who subsequently gave birth to children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and 1,551 mothers without FAS children including 95 women who reported a median of 1.0 standard drinks of alcohol per day during pregnancy and 1,456 nondrinking controls. Among those without FAS outcome, there were 405 mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 745 mothers representing lifelong abstainers.ResultsMothers of FAS children had higher mean GGT, CDT, GGT–CDT, and EtG levels than abstainers (p < 0.001 for all comparisons) or mothers reporting some alcohol consumption but whose children were not diagnosed with FAS (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). In receiver operating characteristic analyses using cutoffs based on abstainers, the area under the curves (AUCs) for GGT–CDT (0.873) were higher than those of GGT (0.824), CDT (0.776), or EtG (0.584) for differentiating the mothers of FAS children and abstainers. Unlike CDT, this combination marker also differed significantly between drinking mothers without FAS outcome and abstainers (AUC = 0.730, p < 0.001). In comparisons adjusted for GDM and body mass index, the group of mothers who had reported a median of 1.0 standard drinks of alcohol per day during pregnancy also differed from the group reporting no current alcohol intake in GGT (p < 0.02) and GGT–CDT (p < 0.01) levels.ConclusionsCombination of GGT and CDT improves the identification of prenatal alcohol exposure and associated high‐risk pregnancies. A more systematic use of biomarkers may help intervention efforts to prevent alcohol‐induced adverse effects on fetal development.
Extrafloral‐nectaries and interspecific aggressiveness regulate day/night turnover of ant species foraging for nectar onBionia coriacea
Authors: Anjos Diego V. , Caserio Bárbara , Rezende Felipe T. , Ribeiro Sérvio P. , Del‐Claro Kleber , Fagundes Roberth 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPlants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) vary the secretion of nectar between day and night, which creates turnover in the composition of interacting ant species. Daily variation in the composition of ant species foraging on vegetation is commonly observed, but its mechanisms are poorly understood. We evaluated the daily variation in nectar availability and interspecific aggressiveness between ants as possible regulatory mechanisms of the turnover in ant–plant interactions. We hypothesized that (i) plants would interact with more ant species during periods of higher secretion of nectar and that (ii) aggressive ant species would compete for nectar, creating a daily turnover of species collecting nectar. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the production of nectar during the day and night and by experimentally removingEFNs ofBionia coriacea(=Camptosema coriaceum) (Nees & Mart.) Benth. (Fabaceae: Faboideae) plants in a Brazilian savanna (Cerrado). We then compared the abundance and composition of ant species between those treatments and during the day. Our results indicate that more ant workers forage on plants during the day, when nectar was sugary, while more ant species forage at night, when aggressiveness between ant species was lower. We also detected a day/night turnover in ant species composition. Ant species foraging for nectar during the day were not the same at night, and this turnover did not occur on plants withoutEFNs. Both dominant ant species, diurnalCamponotus crassus(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and nocturnalCamponotus rufipes(Hymenoptera: Formicidae), were the most aggressive species, attacking other ants in their specific periods of forage while also being very aggressive toward each other. However, this aggressiveness did not occur in the absence of nectar, which allowed non‐aggressive nocturnal ant species to forage only during the daytime, disrupting the turnover. We conclude that extrafloral‐nectar presence and interspecific aggressiveness between ants, along with other environmental factors, are important mechanisms creating turnovers in ants foraging on plants.
Pactola kuscheli sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a potential cause for the decline of the threatened New Caledonian conifer, Agathis montana de Laubenfels, 1969 (Araucariaceae)
Authors: Mazur Miłosz A , Tron François , Mille Christian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAgathis montana is a conifer endemic to New Caledonia and one of the most threatened (Critically Endangered) plant species of this area. The exact causes of its decline are still unknown. The authors describe the characteristics of A. montana, the history and methodology of population monitoring, and possible factors causing the decline and habitat degradation. In 2014, some twigs showing symptoms suggesting attack by wood‐boring insects were collected. From these, imagines of an unknown weevil species belonging to the genus Pactola Pascoe (Eugnomini) were reared. The new species is described as Pactola kuscheli Mazur sp. nov. Colour photographs of the dorsal habitus, line drawings of taxonomically relevant structures and a key to all New Caledonian species of Pactola are provided. The biology of P. kuscheli Mazur sp. nov. is described and its role as a key threatening process of A. montana is discussed.
Dopamine enhances duodenal epithelial permeability via the dopamine D5 receptor in rodent
Authors: Feng X.‐Y. , Zhang D.‐N. , Wang Y.‐A. , Fan R.‐F. , Hong F. , Zhang Y. , Li Y. , Zhu J.‐X. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThe intestinal barrier is made up of epithelial cells and intercellular junctional complexes to regulate epithelial ion transport and permeability. Dopamine (DA) is able to promote duodenal epithelial ion transport through D1‐like receptors, which includes subtypes of D1 (D1R) and D5 (D5R), but whether D1‐like receptors influence the duodenal permeability is unclear.MethodsFITC–dextran permeability, short‐circuit current (ISC), Western blot, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were used in human D5R transgenic mice and hyperendogenous enteric DA (HEnD) rats in this study.ResultsDopamine induced a downward deflection in ISC and an increase in FITC–dextran permeability of control rat duodenum, which were inhibited by the D1‐like receptor antagonist, SCH‐23390. However, DA decreased duodenal transepithelial resistance (TER), an effect also reversed by SCH‐23390. A strong immunofluorescence signal for D5R, but not D1R, was observed in the duodenum of control rat. In human D5R knock‐in transgenic mice, duodenal mucosa displayed an increased basal ISC with high FITC–dextran permeability and decreased TER with a lowered expression of tight junction proteins, suggesting attenuated duodenal barrier function in these transgenic mice. D5R knock‐down transgenic mice manifested a decreased basal ISC with lowered FITC–dextran permeability. Moreover, an increased FITC–dextran permeability combined with decreased TER and tight junction protein expression in duodenal mucosa were also observed in HEnD rats.ConclusionThis study demonstrates, for the first time, that DA enhances duodenal permeability of control rat via D5R, which provides new experimental and theoretical evidence for the influence of DA on duodenal epithelial barrier function.
Adopting an external focus of attention alters intracortical inhibition within the primary motor cortex
Authors: Kuhn Y.‐A. , Keller M. , Ruffieux J. , Taube W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimAlthough it is well established that an external (EF) compared to an internal (IF) or neutral focus of attention enhances motor performance, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. This study aimed to clarify whether the focus of attention influences not only motor performance but also activity of the primary motor cortex (M1) when executing identical fatiguing tasks of the right index finger (first dorsal interosseous). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at intensities below motor threshold was applied over M1 to assess and compare the excitability of intracortical inhibitory circuits.MethodsIn session 1, 14 subjects performed an isometric finger abduction at 30% of their maximal force to measure the time to task failure (TTF) with either an IF or EF. In session 2, the same task was performed with the other focus. In sessions 3 and 4, subthreshold TMS (subTMS) and paired‐pulse TMS were applied to the contralateral M1 to compare the activity of cortical inhibitory circuits within M1 during EF and IF.ResultsWith an EF, TTF was significantly prolonged (P = 0.01), subTMS‐induced electromyographical suppression enhanced (P = 0.001) and short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) increased (P = 0.004).ConclusionThe level of intracortical inhibition was previously shown to influence motor performance. Our data shed new light on the ability to instantly modulate the activity of inhibitory circuits within M1 by changing the type of attentional focus. The increased inhibition with EF might contribute to the better movement efficiency, which is generally associated with focusing externally.
Combined assessment using optical colonoscopy and computed tomographic colonography improves the determination of tumor location and invasion depth
Authors: Kanazawa Hidenori , Utano Kenichi , Kijima Shigeyoshi , Sasaki Takahiro , Miyakura Yasuyuki , Horie Hisanaga , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Sugimoto Hideharu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroductionAn accurate assessment of the depth of tumor invasion in patients with colon cancer is an important part of the preoperative evaluation. Whether computed tomographic colonography (CTC) or optical colonoscopy (OC) is better to accurately determine tumor location and invasion depth has not been definitively determined. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of tumor localization and tumor invasion depth of colon cancer by preoperative OC alone or combined with CTC.MethodsStudy participants include 143 patients who underwent both preoperative CTC using automated CO2 insufflation and OC from July 2012 to August 2013.ResultsThe accuracy of tumor localization was significantly better with CTC than with OC (OC, 90%; CTC, 98%; P < 0.05). No tumor in the descending colon was localized accurately via OC alone. The accuracy of tumor invasion depth was better with CTC plus OC than with OC alone (OC, 55%; CTC, 73%; P < 0.05).ConclusionsOC combined with CTC provides a more accurate preoperative determination of tumor localization and invasion depth than OC alone.
Processes and conditions underlying the link between shyness and school adjustment among Turkish children
Authors: Bayram Özdemir Sevgi , Cheah Charissa S. L. , Coplan Robert J. 
Published: September 2016

This study examined the underlying processes and conditions that contribute to the school adjustment of shy children in Turkey, where children's interpersonal relationships in social settings and academic achievement are highly emphasized. First, we examined the unique mediating roles of children's feelings of social anxiety, depressive symptoms, and loneliness in the associations between shyness and indices of school outcomes (academic achievement and school liking/avoidance). Second, we explored the moderating role of children's peer acceptance in these associations. Fourth‐ and fifth‐grade children (N = 599; Mage = 10.11 years, SD = 0.65; 48% girls) provided information on shyness, social anxiety, depressive symptoms, loneliness, and school liking/avoidance. Head teachers in each classroom reported on students’ academic performance. The peer nomination method was used to assess children's peer relationships. Results revealed that when children displayed shy behaviours, they reported more depressive symptoms that were, in turn, associated with poorer academic performance, less school liking, and higher school avoidance. Moreover, shyness negatively predicted school liking at low levels of peer acceptance, suggesting that difficulties in peer relationships increased shy children's risk of school dissatisfaction. Overall, our findings support the importance of the interpersonal relationship context for children's adjustment within the Turkish cultural context.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Shy children have difficulties initiating and maintaining social interactions, which put them at risk for a wide range of socio‐emotional difficulties.

Shy children have poor academic performance and experience school adjustment difficulties in North America.

What does this study add?

Shyness is an important risk factor for poorer academic performance and adjustment among children in Turkey.

The association between shyness and difficulties at school is explained by children's experience of depressive symptoms.

Difficulties with peer relationships increase shy children's risk of school dissatisfaction.