bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of BCL11B as a regulator of adipogenesis
Authors: Inoue Jun , Ihara Yusuke , Tsukamoto Daisuke , Yasumoto Keisuke , Hashidume Tsutomu , Kamimura Kenya , Nakai Yuji , Hirano Shigeki , Shimizu Makoto , Kominami Ryo , Sato Ryuichiro 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes is controlled by several transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), which are known as master regulators of adipogenesis. BCL11B is a zinc finger-type transcription factor that regulates the development of the skin and central nervous and immune systems. Here, we found that BCL11B was expressed in the white adipose tissue (WAT), particularly the subcutaneous WAT and that BCL11B−/− mice had a reduced amount of subcutaneous WAT. During adipogenesis, BCL11B expression transiently increased in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The ability for adipogenesis was reduced in BCL11B knockdown 3T3-L1 cells and BCL11B−/− MEFs, whereas the ability for osteoblastogenesis was unaffected in BCL11B−/− MEFs. Luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that BCL11B stimulated C/EBPβ activity. Furthermore, the expression of downstream genes of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was not suppressed in BCL11B−/− MEFs during adipogenesis. Thus, this study identifies BCL11B as a novel regulator of adipogenesis, which works, at least in part, by stimulating C/EBPβ activity and suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Compact microstrip patch array used to radiate TE01 mode wave in circular waveguide
Authors: Hai‐Tao Chen , Zhi‐Guang Zhang 
Published: September 2016

A compact microstrip patch annular array is proposed to excite the TE01 (TE, transverse electric) high‐order mode in circular waveguide. This annular array is composed of four microstrip patches which are laid and fed rotationally. The electromagnetic simulation software, high‐frequency structure simulator is used to model the electric field radiated by the annular array. It is found that the electric field is turbulent and according to the performance of the TE01 mode. A wireless transmitting and receiving experiment is carried out in a long steel hollow pipe to prove the existence of the TE01 mode. In this experiment, the transmit–receive antenna is selected as the proposed annular array and dipole antenna. It is shown that the transmission loss of the annular array is much less than the dipole.
Detecting muscle contractions using strain gauges
Authors: Zizoua C. , Raison M. , Boukhenous S. , Attari M. , Achiche S. 
Published: September 2016

Myoelectric prostheses aim to help amputees to experience partial function of the absent organ. The sensors usually used to control the prostheses are surface electromyography (sEMG) electrodes, of which the number tends to increase with the increase of the number of degrees of freedom in the recent prostheses, i.e. dozens of sensors today. However, sEMG requires a high sampling frequency, traditionally about 1000 Hz, which drastically limits the number of sensors that the processors can manage. The objective is to develop a device enabling to measure muscle contractions (MCs) with a sampling frequency compared with the movement frequencies. Strain gauges are known for their accuracy, so using them to detect MCs could help to predict the movement intentions of the amputee. The designed devise includes the integration of four strain gauges in silicone rubber that is similar to human skin. The reliability of the sensor results is demonstrated by a comparison with Ag/AgCl electrodes of an electromyography system. The correlation coefficient is very high (0.89) between the tensions measured by the sEMG and the strain gauges. So the advantage of a low sampling frequency compared with sEMG is the potential development of matrices with many strain gauges.
A Comparative Study on Hearing Aid Benefits of Digital Hearing Aid Use (BTE) from Six Months to Two Years
Authors: Verma Lukeshwari , Sanju Himanshu , Scaria Bibina , Awasthi Mayank , Ravichandran Aparna , Kaki Ashritha , Prakash Savalam 
Published: September 2016

Introduction For many reasons, it is important for audiologists and consumers to document improvement and benefit from amplification device at various stages of uses of amplification device. Professional are also interested to see the impact of amplification device on the consumer's auditory performance at different stages i.e. immediately after fitting and over several months of use.
Objective The objective of the study was to measure the hearing aid benefit following 6 months – 1-year usage, 1 year – 1.5 yeaŕs usage, and 1.5 yeaŕs – 2 years' usage.
Methods A total of 45 subjects participated in the study and were divided equally in three groups: hearing aid users from 6 months to 1 year, 1 year to 1.5 year, and 1.5 year to two years. All subjects responded to the Hearing Aid Benefit Questionnaire (63 questions), which assesses six domains of listening skills.
Result Results showed the mean scores obtained were higher for all domains in the aided condition, as compared with unaided condition for all groups. Results also showed a significant improvement in the overall score between first-time users with hearing aid experience of six months to one year and hearing aid users using hearing aids for a period between 1.5 and 2 years.
Conclusion It is possible to conclude that measuring the hearing aid benefit with the self-assessment questionnaires will assist the clinicians in making judgments about the areas in which a patient is experiencing more difficulty in everyday listening environment and in revising the possible technologies.
Migrationshintergrund und pathologisches Glücksspielen: Befunde einer deutschlandweiten epidemiologischen Untersuchung zur Bedeutung der Herkunftsregion
Authors: Kastirke N. , Rumpf H.-J. , John U. , Bischof A. , Meyer C. 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Zu untersuchen, wie stark Präsenz und Menge der Symptome pathologischen Glücksspielens (PG) mit der Herkunftsregion (HR) variieren.
Methodik: HR und Anzahl der PG-Symptome (0–10 DSM-IV-Kriterien) wurden in einer deutschlandweiten telefonischen Befragung von 14–64-jährigen Personen (n=15 023) erhoben.
Ergebnisse: Die Lebenszeitprävalenz von PG-Symptomen beträgt 18,1% für Menschen der HR Türkei, 9,0% für die der HR Jugoslawien und 6,8% für jene ohne Migrationshintergrund. Im Vergleich zu diesen hatten jene der HR Türkei eher PG-Symptome. Die Menschen der HR Türkei und Jugoslawien hatten eine um 70,3 bzw. 87,2% erhöhte Anzahl der PG-Symptome.
Schlussfolgerung: Die HR könnte einen eigenständigen Beitrag für die Erklärung von PG leisten.
Selbstmanagementförderung bei chronischer Krankheit für Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund – ein Gruppenkurs mit Peer-Ansatz als Beitrag zu gesundheitlicher Chancengerechtigkeit
Authors: Zanoni S. , Gabriel E. , Salis Gross C. , Deppeler M. , Haslbeck J. 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Begrenzte Gesundheits- und Sprachkompetenz erschweren Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund (MmM) den Zugang zu Gesundheitsinformationen und -versorgung, gerade bei chronischer Krankheit. Bei der Einführung eines Peer-geleiteten Stanford Selbstmanagementkurses bei chronischer Krankheit wurde in der Schweiz großes Interesse und hohe Motivation von MmM beobachtet. Daher wurde eruiert, ob das Kursprogramm auf Deutsch bei moderaten Sprachkenntnissen umsetzbar ist.
Methodik: Dies ist der explorative Teil der Begleitstudie zur Einführung des Stanford Programms in der Schweiz und im deutschsprachigen Europa. Angelehnt an Prinzipien der Grounded Theory wurden leitfadengestützte Fokusgruppen- und Einzelinterviews mit Kursteilnehmerinnen, -leiterinnen und -koordination (n=30) geführt, die thematisch ausgewertet wurden. Im Fokus der Datenerhebung standen die Durchführbarkeit, Zufriedenheit und Kursinhalte.
Ergebnisse: Der Kurs stößt bei MmM auf positive Resonanz und scheint auf Deutsch prinzipiell durchführbar zu sein, hohe Alltagsrelevanz zu haben sowie Impulse zur Integration zu setzen.
Schlussfolgerung: Zu prüfen ist ein weiterer Anpassungsbedarf auf den Migrationskontext, um den Kurs vulnerablen Gruppen besser zugänglich zu machen.
Clinical and Biological Characteristics of 40 Patients With Neurosyphilis and Evaluation of Treponema pallidum Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction in Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples
Authors: Vanhaecke Clélia , Grange Philippe , Benhaddou Nadjet , Blanche Philippe , Salmon Dominique , Parize Perrine , Lortholary Olivier , Caumes Eric , Pelloux Isabelle , Epaulard Olivier , Guinard Jérôme , Dupin Nicolas ,   the Neurosyphilis network, Galimard Sophie , Chammard Timothée Boyer , Henry Benoit , Epelboin Loïc , Sedira Neila , Heron Emmanuel , Alcaraz Isabelle , Franck Nathalie , Chaussade Hélène , Lemaignen Adrien , Demangeot Claire , Petit Antoine , Gerin Magdalena , Guier Christophe , Idri Nadia , Issartel Bertrand , Lagier Etienne , Léger Anne , Mahé Isabelle , Mortier Emmanuel , Monlun Eric , Rapp Christophe , Remy Claude , Renier Laurent , Saladini Olivier , Sellal François , Serry Valérie , Weiss Laurence 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background.  Syphilis remains a significant public health problem. We conducted a prospective study to define more precisely the clinical and biological characteristics of patients with neurosyphilis (NS), and we assessed the diagnostic value of nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for Treponema pallidum in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples.
Methods.  From 2001 to 2013, we included 40 patients (90% men; 45% infected with human immunodeficiency virus) with NS, defined as syphilis with neurological and/or ophthalmological symptoms and CSF abnormalities.
Results.  Thirty patients (75%) had early, 5 (12.5%) had late, and 5 had meningovascular NS. Twenty-four patients (80%) with early NS had ophthalmological symptoms, 14 (47%) had neurological symptoms, and 8 (26%) had both. All patients with meningovascular NS had only neurological symptoms. All patients with late NS had neurological symptoms, and 2 (40%) also had ocular symptoms. Ophthalmological symptoms were present in 65% of all patients with NS, and neurological symptoms in 60%. Seventeen patients (42.5%) had CSF white blood cell counts &gt;20/μL (mean, 57/μL), and 27 (67.5%) had high CSF protein levels (&gt;0.5 g/L; mean value, 1 g/L). CSF PCR results were positive in 42%, and CSF VDRL results in 30%. The nested PCR assay had an overall sensitivity of 42.5%, a specificity of 97%, a positive predictive value of 77%, and a negative predictive value of 86%.
Conclusions.  Early NS is the most frequent presentation, with an overrepresentation of polymorphous ophthalmological symptoms. PCR is highly specific and of potential value when used with other biological parameters.
Plastidic phosphoglucomutase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase mutants impair starch synthesis in rice pollen grains and cause male sterility
Authors: Lee Sang-Kyu , Eom Joon-Seob , Hwang Seon-Kap , Shin Dongjin , An Gynheung , Okita Thomas W. , Jeon Jong-Seong 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
To elucidate the starch synthesis pathway and the role of this reserve in rice pollen, we characterized mutations in the plastidic phosphoglucomutase, OspPGM, and the plastidic large subunit of ADP-glucose (ADP-Glc) pyrophosphorylase, OsAGPL4 . Both genes were up-regulated in maturing pollen, a stage when starch begins to accumulate. Progeny analysis of self-pollinated heterozygous lines carrying the OspPGM mutant alleles, osppgm-1 and osppgm-2 , or the OsAGPL4 mutant allele, osagpl4-1, as well as reciprocal crosses between the wild type (WT) and heterozygotes revealed that loss of OspPGM or OsAGPL4 caused male sterility, with the former condition rescued by the introduction of the WT OspPGM gene. While iodine staining and transmission electron microscopy analyses of pollen grains from homozygous osppgm-1 lines produced by anther culture confirmed the starch null phenotype, pollen from homozygous osagpl4 mutant lines, osagpl4-2 and osagpl4-3, generated by the CRISPR/Cas system, accumulated small amounts of starch which were sufficient to produce viable seed. Such osagpl4 mutant pollen, however, was unable to compete against WT pollen successfully, validating the important role of this reserve in fertilization. Our results demonstrate that starch is mainly polymerized from ADP-Glc synthesized from plastidic hexose phosphates in rice pollen and that starch is an essential requirement for successful fertilization in rice.
Increasing Infectious Endocarditis Admissions Among Young People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Wurcel Alysse G. , Anderson Jordan E. , Chui Kenneth K. H. , Skinner Sally , Knox Tamsin A. , Snydman David R. , Stopka Thomas J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
People who inject drugs (PWID) are at risk for infective endocarditis (IE). Hospitalization rates related to misuse of prescription opioids and heroin have increased in recent years, but there are no recent investigations into rates of hospitalizations from injection drug use-related IE (IDU-IE). Using the Health Care and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) dataset, we found that the proportion of IE hospitalizations from IDU-IE increased from 7% to 12.1% between 2000 and 2013. Over this time period, we detected a significant increase in the percentages of IDU-IE hospitalizations among 15- to 34-year-olds (27.1%–42.0%; P &lt; .001) and among whites (40.2%–68.9%; P &lt; .001). Female gender was less common when examining all the IDU-IE (40.9%), but it was more common in the 15- to 34-year-old age group (53%). Our findings suggest that the demographics of inpatients hospitalized with IDU-IE are shifting to reflect younger PWID who are more likely to be white and female than previously reported. Future studies to investigate risk behaviors associated with IDU-IE and targeted harm reduction strategies are needed to avoid further increases in morbidity and mortality in this rapidly growing population of young PWID.
Effects of a Syndrome-Specific Antibiotic Stewardship Intervention for Inpatient Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Haas Michelle K. , Dalton Kristen , Knepper Bryan C. , Stella Sarah A. , Cervantes Lilia , Price Connie S. , Burman William J. , Mehler Philip S. , Jenkins Timothy C. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background.  Syndrome-specific interventions are a recommended approach to antibiotic stewardship, but additional data are needed to understand their potential impact. We implemented an intervention to improve the management of inpatient community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and evaluated its effects on antibiotic and resource utilization.
Methods.  A stakeholder group developed and implemented a clinical practice guideline and order set for inpatient, non-intensive care unit CAP recommending a short course (5 days) of a fluoroquinolone-sparing antibiotic regimen in uncomplicated cases. Unless there was suspicion for complications or resistant pathogens, chest computed tomography (CT) and sputum cultures were discouraged. This was a retrospective preintervention postintervention study of patients hospitalized for CAP before (April 15, 2008–May 31, 2009) and after (July 1, 2011–July 31, 2012) implementation of the guideline. The primary comparison was the difference in duration of therapy during the baseline and intervention periods. Secondary outcomes included changes in use of levofloxacin, CT scans, and sputum culture.
Results.  One hundred sixty-six and 84 cases during the baseline and intervention periods, respectively, were included. From the baseline to intervention period, the median duration of therapy decreased from 10 to 7 days (P &lt; .0001). Prescription of levofloxacin at discharge decreased from 60% to 27% of cases (P &lt; .0001). Use of chest CT and sputum culture decreased from 47% to 32% of cases (P = .02) and 51% to 31% of cases (P = .03), respectively. The frequency of clinical failure between the 2 periods was similar.
Conclusions.  A syndrome-specific intervention for inpatient CAP was associated with shorter treatment durations and reductions in use of fluoroquinolones and low-yield diagnostic tests.
Simera: Modelling the PCR Process to Simulate Realistic Chimera Formation
Authors: Nichols Ben , Quince Christopher 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPolymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is the principal method of amplifying target DNA regions and, as such, is of great importance when performing microbial diversity studies. An unfortunate side effect of PCR is the formation of unwanted byproducts such as chimeras. The main goal of the work covered in this article is the development of an algorithm that simulates realistic chimeras for use in the evaluation of chimera detection software and for investigations into the accuracy of community structure analyses. Experimental data has helped to identify factors which may cause the formation of chimeras and has provided evidence of how influential these factors can be. This article makes use of some of this evidence in order to build a model with which to simulate the PCR process. This model helps to better explain the formation of chimeras and is therefore able to provide aid to future studies that intend to use PCR.
Deep Annotation of Protein Function across Diverse Bacteria from Mutant Phenotypes
Authors: Price Morgan N. , Wetmore Kelly M. , Waters R. Jordan , Callaghan Mark , Ray Jayashree , Kuehl Jennifer V. , Melnyk Ryan A. , Lamson Jacob S. , Suh Yumi , Esquivel Zuelma , Sadeeshkumar Harini , Chakraborty Romy , Rubin Benjamin E. , Bristow James , Blow Matthew J. , Arkin Adam P. , Deutschbauer Adam M. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe function of nearly half of all protein-coding genes identified in bacterial genomes remains unknown. To systematically explore the functions of these proteins, we generated saturated transposon mutant libraries from 25 diverse bacteria and we assayed mutant phenotypes across hundreds of distinct conditions. From 3,903 genome-wide mutant fitness assays, we obtained 14.9 million gene phenotype measurements and we identified a mutant phenotype for 8,487 proteins with previously unknown functions. The majority of these hypothetical proteins (57%) had phenotypes that were either specific to a few conditions or were similar to that of another gene, thus enabling us to make informed predictions of protein function. For 1,914 of these hypothetical proteins, the functional associations are conserved across related proteins from different bacteria, which confirms that these associations are genuine. This comprehensive catalogue of experimentally-annotated protein functions also enables the targeted exploration of specific biological processes. For example, sensitivity to a DNA-damaging agent revealed 28 known families of DNA repair proteins and 11 putative novel families. Across all sequenced bacteria, 14% of proteins that lack detailed annotations have an ortholog with a functional association in our data set. Our study demonstrates the utility and scalability of high-throughput genetics for large-scale annotation of bacterial proteins and provides a vast compendium of experimentally-determined protein functions across diverse bacteria.
CIViC: A knowledgebase for expert-crowdsourcing the clinical interpretation of variants in cancer
Authors: Griffith Malachi , Spies Nicholas C , Krysiak Kilannin , Coffman Adam C , McMichael Joshua F , Ainscough Benjamin J , Rieke Damian T , Danos Arpad M , Kujan Lynzey , Ramirez Cody A , Wagner Alex H , Skidmore Zachary L , Liu Connor J , Jones Martin R , Bilski Rachel L , Lesurf Robert , Barnell Erica K , Shah Nakul M , Bonakdar Melika , Trani Lee , Matlock Matthew , Ramu Avinash , Campbell Katie M , Spies Gregory C , Graubert Aaron P , Gangavarapu Karthik , Eldred James M , Larson David E , Walker Jason R , Good Benjamin M , Wu Chunlei , Su Andrew I , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Jones Steven JM , Bose Ron , Spencer David H , Wartman Lukas D , Wilson Richard K , Mardis Elaine R , Griffith Obi L 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCIViC is an expert crowdsourced knowledgebase for Clinical Interpretation of Variants in Cancer (www.civicdb.org) describing the therapeutic, prognostic, and diagnostic relevance of inherited and somatic variants of all types. CIViC is committed to open source code, open access content, public application programming interfaces (APIs), and provenance of supporting evidence to allow for the transparent creation of current and accurate variant interpretations for use in cancer precision medicine.
Genome-wide association and HLA region fine-mapping studies identify susceptibility loci for multiple common infections
Authors: Tian Chao , Hromatka Bethann S. , Kiefer Amy K , Eriksson Nicholas , Tung Joyce Y , Hinds David A. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTWe performed 23 genome-wide association studies for common infections, including chickenpox, shingles, cold sores, mononucleosis, mumps, hepatitis B, plantar warts, positive tuberculosis test results, strep throat, scarlet fever, pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, yeast infections, urinary tract infections, tonsillectomy, childhood ear infections, myringotomy, measles, hepatitis A, rheumatic fever, common colds, rubella and chronic sinus infection, in more than 200,000 individuals of European ancestry. For the first time, genome-wide significant associations (P< 5 × 10−8) were identified for many common infections. The associations were mapped to genes with key roles in acquired and innate immunity(HLA, IFNA21, FUT2, ST3GAL4, ABO, IFNL4, LCE3E, DSG1, LTBR, MTMR3, TNFRSF13B, TNFSF13B, NFKB1, CD40) and in regulation of embryonic developmental process(TBX1, FGF, FOXA1 and FOXN1).Several missense mutations were also identified (inLCE5A, DSG1, FUT2, TBX1, CDHR3, PLG, TNFRSF13B, FOXA1, SH2B3, ST5andFOXN1). Missense mutations inFUT2andTBX1were implicated in multiple infections. We applied fine-mapping analysis to dissect associations in the human leukocyte antigen region, which suggested important roles of specific amino acid polymorphisms in the antigen-binding clefts. Our findings provide an important step toward dissecting the host genetic architecture of response to common infections.