bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addendum to 1‐Butanol (n‐Butyl alcohol) [BAT Value Documentation 2015]
Authors: Weistenhöfer W. , Leng G. , Drexler H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the BAT values (biological tolerance values) for 1‐butanol.
A capillary gas chromatographic head space technique developed by the Working Group “Analyses in Biological Materials” of the German Research Foundation (DFG) was used for determining 1‐butanol in urine. For this method hydrolysis is recommended neither for blood nor for urine investigation.

The BAT values of 10 mg 1‐butanol/g creatinine (sampling time at the end of exposure or end of shift) and 2 mg 1‐butanol/g creatinine (sampling time 16 hours after the end of shift (at the beginning of the next shift)) related to the MAK value of 100 ml/m
3
were confirmed.
Oleic acid [MAK Value Documentation, 2016]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2017

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated oleic acid [
112‐80‐1
], which was classified as possible carcinogenic to humans in Carcinogen Category 3A, to derive a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value), considering genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Oleic acid is irritating to the skin if applied repeatedly. It is not mutagenic in vitro, data in vivo are not available. Oleic acid showed skin tumour promoting activity in mice after initiation with 9,10‐dimethylbenzanthracen but not without initiation. In a general evaluation of the skin tumour initiation‐promotion‐test in mice published in 2015, the Commission concluded, that substances which only induce skin tumours after initiation, but not without initiation, do not have to be classified in a Carcinogen Category. Therefore, the former classification of oleic acid is withdrawn. Since it is not possible to derive a MAK value with the available data, oleic acid is assigned to Section II b of the List of MAK and BAT values.
Methyl bromide [MAK Value Documentation, 2011]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2017

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated methyl bromide [
74‐83‐9
], considering all toxicological endpoints. Available publications and unpublished study reports are described in detail. Methyl bromide is a neurotoxin and an irritant to the upper respiratory tract. A NOAEC of 3 ml/m
3
for effects in the olfactory epithelium was obtained from the 29‐month inhalation study in the rat, for irritation, the most sensitive endpoint. Based on this, the maximum concentration at the work place (MAK value) for methyl bromide is set at 1 ml/m
3
(3.9 mg/m
3
). Since the critical effect of methyl bromide is local, Peak Limitation Category I is designated. In rats, signs of irritation are observed only at methyl bromide concentrations of 20 ml/m
3
and above, so an excursion factor of 2 can be given.

There is an adequate margin between NOAEC/L for developmental toxicity and the MAK value. However, methyl bromide is a neurotoxin and no data on developmental neurotoxicity exists. Therefore, methyl bromide is assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group D.
Methyl bromide is genotoxic in vitro and an alkylating substance in vivo. No increased tumour incidence was observed in inhalation studies in mice and rats. Together with the possible relationship between methyl bromide exposure and increased occurrence of prostate carcinomas in a historical cohort study in humans, methyl bromide is still suspected of being carcinogenic and remains in Carcinogen Category 3B. No clastogenic or aneugenic effects are found in vivo with prolonged inhalation and therefore the substance is not regarded as a germ cell mutagen. Skin contact is expected to lead to relatively minor contribution to systemic toxicity. There are no data on sensitization.
Because methyl bromide can be absorbed through the skin from the gaseous phase at high concentrations when respiratory protection is used, biomonitoring studies are recommended in addition to personal protective measures. The BLW value of 12 mg bromide/l plasma or serum must be observed.
Diphenylphosphoryl Azide (DPPA)‐Mediated One‐Pot Synthesis of Oxazolo[4,5‐c][1,8]naphthyridin‐4(5 H)‐ones, Oxazolo[4,5‐c]quinoline‐4(5 H)‐ones, and Tosyloxazol‐5‐yl Pyridines
Authors: Tangella Yellaiah , Manasa Kesari Lakshmi , Sathish Manda , Alarifi Abdullah , Kamal Ahmed 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAn operationally facile and efficient protocol has been developed for the construction of various 1,3‐oxazole‐containing heterocycles with excellent yields of up to 94 %. This protocol proceeds through a diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA)‐mediated reaction cascade on substituted 2‐aminonicotinic acids/2‐aminoanthranilic acids with ethyl isocyanoacetate/p‐toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanides by forming C−C, C−O, and C−N bonds in a single operation. The synthetic utility of this transformation is also extended through a scaled‐up synthesis and C−H activation. The salient features such as metal‐free, mild reaction conditions, higher yields, and clean reactions make the protocol a useful contribution to the synthesis of medicinally useful heterocycles.
Prognostic indicators in pediatric clinically isolated syndrome
Authors: Iaffaldano Pietro , Simone Marta , Lucisano Giuseppe , Ghezzi Angelo , Coniglio Gabriella , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Salemi Giuseppe , Patti Francesco , Lugaresi Alessandra , Izquierdo Guillermo , Bergamaschi Roberto , Cabrera‐Gomez Jose Antonio , Pozzilli Carlo , Millefiorini Enrico , Alroughani Raed , Boz Cavit , Pucci Eugenio , Zimatore Giovanni Bosco , Sola Patrizia , Lus Giacomo , Maimone Davide , Avolio Carlo , Cocco Eleonora , Sajedi Seyed Aidin , Costantino Gianfranco , Duquette Pierre , Shaygannejad Vahid , Petersen Thor , Fernández Bolaños Ricardo , Paolicelli Damiano , Tortorella Carla , Spelman Tim , Margari Lucia , Amato Maria Pia , Comi Giancarlo , Butzkueven Helmut , Trojano Maria ,   on behalf of the Italian iMedWeb Registry and the MSBase Registry
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo assess prognostic factors for a second clinical attack and a first disability‐worsening event in pediatric clinically isolated syndrome (pCIS) suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.MethodsA cohort of 770 pCIS patients was followed up for at least 10 years. Cox proportional hazard models and Recursive Partitioning and Amalgamation (RECPAM) tree‐regression were used to analyze data.ResultsIn pCIS, female sex and a multifocal onset were risk factors for a second clinical attack (hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28, 1.06–1.55; 1.42, 1.10–1.84, respectively), whereas disease‐modifying drug (DMD) exposure reduced this risk (HR, 95% CI = 0.75, 0.60–0.95). After pediatric onset MS (POMS) diagnosis, age at onset younger than 15 years and DMD exposure decreased the risk of a first Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)‐worsening event (HR, 95% CI = 0.59, 0.42–0.83; 0.75, 0.71–0.80, respectively), whereas the occurrence of relapse increased this risk (HR, 95% CI = 5.08, 3.46–7.46). An exploratory RECPAM analysis highlighted a significantly higher incidence of a first EDSS‐worsening event in patients with multifocal or isolated spinal cord or optic neuritis involvement at onset in comparison to those with an isolated supratentorial or brainstem syndrome. A Cox regression model including RECPAM classes confirmed DMD exposure as the most protective factor against EDSS‐worsening events and relapses as the most important risk factor for attaining EDSS worsening.InterpretationThis work represents a step forward in identifying predictors of unfavorable course in pCIS and POMS and supports a protective effect of early DMD treatment in preventing MS development and disability accumulation in this population. Ann Neurol 2017;81:729–739
A Practical High‐Energy Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries Based on Uniform P2‐Na0.7CoO2 Microspheres
Authors: Fang Yongjin , Yu Xin‐Yao , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLayered metal oxides have attracted increasing attention as cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, the application of such cathode materials is still hindered by their poor rate capability and cycling stability. Here, a facile self‐templated strategy is developed to synthesize uniform P2‐Na0.7CoO2 microspheres. Due to the unique microsphere structure, the contact area of the active material with electrolyte is minimized. As expected, the P2‐Na0.7CoO2 microspheres exhibit enhanced electrochemical performance for sodium storage in terms of high reversible capacity (125 mAh g−1 at 5 mA g−1), superior rate capability and long cycle life (86 % capacity retention over 300 cycles). Importantly, the synthesis method can be easily extended to synthesize other layered metal oxide (P2‐Na0.7MnO2 and O3‐NaFeO2) microspheres.
Using size‐controlled multicellular spheroids of murine adenocarcinoma cells to efficiently establish pulmonary tumors in mice
Authors: Nishikawa Tomoko , Tanaka Yutaro , Kusamori Kosuke , Mizuno Narumi , Mizukami Yuya , Ogino Yuka , Shimizu Kazunori , Konishi Satoshi , Takahashi Yuki , Takakura Yoshinobu , Nishikawa Makiya 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrated that multicellular spheroids developed using polydimethylsiloxane‐based microwells exhibited superior functions, such as insulin secretion from pancreatic cells, over suspended cells. To successfully apply these spheroids, the effect of spheroid size on cellular functions must be determined. In this study, using murine adenocarcinoma colon26 cells, the authors examined whether such spheroids were useful for developing tumor‐bearing animal models, which requires the efficient and stable engraftment of cancer cells at implanted sites and/or metastatic sites. The authors prepared microwells with widths of 360, 450, 560, and 770 μm through a micromolding technique, and obtained colon26 spheroids with average diameters of 169, 240, 272, and 341 μm, respectively. Small and medium spheroids were subsequently used. mRNA levels of integrin β1, CD44, and fibronectin, molecules involved in cell adhesion, increased with increasing colon26 spheroid size. Approximately 1.5 × 104 colon26 cells in suspension or in spheroids were intravenously inoculated into BALB/c mice. At 21 days after inoculation, the lung weight of both colon26 spheroid groups, especially the group injected with small spheroids, was significantly higher than that of mice in the suspended colon26 cell group. These results indicate that controlling cancer cell spheroid size is crucial for tumor development in tumor‐bearing mouse models.
Examining student heuristic usage in a hydrogen bonding assessment
Authors: Miller Kathryn , Kim Thomas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the role of representational competence in student responses to an assessment of hydrogen bonding. The assessment couples the use of a multiple‐select item (“Choose all that apply”) with an open‐ended item to allow for an examination of students' cognitive processes as they relate to the assignment of hydrogen bonding within a structural representation. Response patterns from the multiple‐select item implicate heuristic usage as a contributing factor to students' incorrect responses. The use of heuristics is further supported by the students' corresponding responses to the open‐ended assessment item. Taken together, these data suggest that poor representational competence may contribute to students' previously observed inability to correctly navigate the concept of hydrogen bonding. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(5):411–416, 2017.
Using computer for measurement and visualization of rotating magnetic field in AC machines
Authors: Bjekić Miroslav , Šućurović Marko , Božić Miloš , Rosić Marko , Antić Sanja 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a new way of implementing a computer as a teaching tool in the teaching module “Rotating Magnetic Field in AC machines.” Software for simulation, measurement, and visualization of the rotating magnetic field using three‐axis hall sensor was created in the form of remote experiment. After students’ evaluation, it was found that remote experiments ensure better achievement of students regarding this particular topic, while also contributing to better quality of teaching rotating magnetic fields in the subject of electrical machines.
MiR‐372‐3p promotes cell growth and metastasis by targeting FGF9 in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Qing , Liu Siyang , Zhao Xitong , Wang Yuan , Tian Dali , Jiang Wenjun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to study the role of miR‐372‐3p in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) cell proliferation and invasion by suppressing FGF9. RT‐PCR was used to determine miR‐372‐3p and FGF9 mRNA expression in tissues and cells. Western blot was used to determine FGF9 expression in tissues and NCI‐H520 cell line. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to confirm that FGF9 can be directly targeted by miR‐372‐3p. MTT, colony formation assays were conducted to investigate the effects of ectopic miR‐372‐3p and FGF9 expression on NCI‐H520 cell growth. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the influence of miR‐372‐3p and FGF9 expression on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Transwell assay was also conducted to see the effects of miR‐372‐3p and FGF9 expression on NCI‐H520 cell invasiveness. MiR‐372‐3p was found significantly overexpressed in both LSCC tissues and cell lines, whereas FGF9 mRNA was found underexpressed in LSCC tissues. MiR‐372‐3p directly bound to wild‐type FGF9 mRNA 3′UTR, therefore led to the reduction in FGF9 expression. The upregulation of FGF9 or the downregulation of miR‐372‐3p substantially retarded LSCC cell growth, mitosis, and invasion. MiR‐372‐3p enhanced LSCC cell proliferation and invasion through inhibiting FGF9.
Elevated glypican‐1 expression is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lu Haizhen , Niu Fangfei , Liu Fang , Gao Jiajia , Sun Yulin , Zhao Xiaohang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal cancer in humans, with a 5‐year survival rate of <5%. Recently, glypican‐1 (GPC1)‐expressing circulating exosomes were found to be a promising diagnostic tool for PDAC. However, the aberrant expression of GPC1 has not been systematically evaluated in large‐scale clinical samples of PDAC. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of GPC1 mRNA and protein expression features. Included in this study were 178 PDAC patients from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and 186 subjects whose tissues were used in immunohistochemical staining assays. We demonstrated that GPC1 mRNA was silenced in normal pancreata; however, it was re‐expressed in PDAC tissues probably because of the promoter hypomethylation. The GPC1 protein was barely expressed in the normal and adjacent noncancerous pancreata. In tumor tissues, 59.7% (111/186) of the detected samples showed positive expression. Notably, GPC1 was elevated in 63.6% (34/55) of early stage cases. High levels of GPC1 were associated with poorer differentiation and larger tumor diameters. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant difference in overall survival between the groups categorized by GPC1 expression (P = 0.0028). Multivariate analyses indicated that GPC1 was a significant risk factor for poor overall survival with a 1.82‐fold increase in the hazard ratio (P = 0.0022). In conclusion, during pancreatic tumorigenesis, GPC1 was ectopically expressed and served as an independent poor prognostic factor. Our findings highlighted the alluring prospect of GPC1 as an early diagnostic and prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target for PDAC.
Self‐Standing CoP Nanosheets Array: A Three‐Dimensional Bifunctional Catalyst Electrode for Overall Water Splitting in both Neutral and Alkaline Media
Authors: Liu Tingting , Xie Lisi , Yang Jianhui , Kong Rongmei , Du Gu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping , Chen Liang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIt is highly attractive, but still remains a huge challenge, to develop efficient non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under neutral and alkaline conditions. In this paper, we report that CoP nanosheet arrays on carbon cloth (CoP NA/CC), derived from α‐Co(OH)2 NA/CC, behaves as a three‐dimensional bifunctional water‐splitting catalyst electrode with high activity and durability in neutral and alkaline media. Such CoP NA/CC demands overpotentials of 145 and 52 mV to afford 10 mA cm−2 for the HER in 1.0 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and 1.0 M KOH, respectively, with much superior activity to α‐Co(OH)2 NA/CC. It can be attributed to the more thermo‐neutral hydrogen adsorption free energy for CoP than α‐Co(OH)2, according to density functional theory calculations. This electrode also demonstrates superior OER activity over α‐Co(OH)2 NA/CC and needs overpotentials of only 536 and 300 mV to drive 10 mA cm−2 at neutral and alkaline pH, respectively. The two‐electrode water electrolyzer using CoP NA/CC as both the cathode and anode shows a 2 mA cm−2 water‐splitting current at a cell voltage of 1.60 V in 1.0 M PBS and needs 1.65 V for 10 mA cm−2 under alkaline condition with excellent stability.
The Construction of Homochiral Lanthanide Quadruple‐Stranded Helicates with Multiresponsive Sensing Properties toward Fluoride Anions
Authors: Chen Wanmin , Tang Xiaoliang , Dou Wei , Wang Bei , Guo Lirong , Ju Zhenghua , Liu Weisheng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA series of unique homochiral lanthanide tetranuclear quadruple‐stranded helicates have been self‐assembled controllably by using the intrinsic advantages of chiral bridging ligands, (S)‐H2L and (R)‐H2L, and lanthanide ions with high coordination numbers. The self‐assembly process of these chiral helicates not only ensures the structural stability and quadruple‐stranded feature of lanthanide cluster in the solid state and solution, but also achieves effective transfer and amplification of the chirality code from the ligand to a higher supramolecular level. Moreover, through using optical rotation, circular dichroism spectra analysis, and luminescence measurements, we demonstrate that these chiral lanthanide helicates could serve as sensitive and multi‐responsive sensors to recognize and detect F− anions based on the change of chiral signal and NIR luminescence simultaneously, which represents a meaningful exploration for developing functional lanthanide‐based polynuclear clusters.
A new algorithm for computation of a regularization solution path for reinforced multicategory support vector machines
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Liu Xiexin , Lu Xiaoling , Chang Xiangyu , Liu Yufeng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe recently proposed Reinforced Multicategory Support Vector Machine (RMSVM) has been proven to have desirable theoretical properties as well as competitive numerical accuracy for multi‐class classification problems. Currently solving the RMSVM is based on a grid search approach for selecting the tuning parameter , which dramatically increases its computational complexity. To overcome this hurdle we develop a new algorithm RMSVMPATH to compute a regularization solution path for RMSVM. We relax the commonly used continuity assumption and propose a new linear programming approach. Numerical simulations and real data analyses demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can yield a valid solution path at a low computational cost. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 45: 149–163; 2017 © 2017 Statistical Society of Canada
Immunotherapy with single agent nivolumab for advanced leiomyosarcoma of the uterus: Results of a phase 2 study
Authors: Ben‐Ami Eytan , Barysauskas Constance M. , Solomon Sarah , Tahlil Kadija , Malley Rita , Hohos Melissa , Polson Kathleen , Loucks Margaret , Severgnini Mariano , Patel Tara , Cunningham Amy , Rodig Scott J. , Hodi F. Stephen , Morgan Jeffrey A. , Merriam Priscilla , Wagner Andrew J. , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , George Suzanne 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDImmunotherapy has changed the therapeutic landscape in oncology. Advanced uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) remains an incurable disease in most cases, and despite new drug approvals, improvements in overall survival have been modest at best. The goal of this study was to evaluate programmed‐death 1 (PD‐1) inhibition with nivolumab in this patient population.METHODSThis single‐center phase 2 trial completed enrollment between May and October 2015. Patients received 3 mg/kg of intravenous nivolumab on day 1 of each 2‐week cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate. We assessed PD‐1, PD‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), and PD‐L2 expression in archival tumor samples and variations in immune‐phenotyping of circulating immune cells during treatment.RESULTSTwelve patients were enrolled in the first stage of the 2‐stage design. A median of 5 (range, 2‐6) 2‐week cycles of nivolumab were administered. Of the 12 patients, none responded to treatment. The overall median progression‐free survival was 1.8 months (95% confidence interval, 0.8‐unknown). The study did not open the second stage due to lack of benefit as defined by the statistical plan. Archival samples were available for 83% of patients. PD‐1 (>3% of cells), PD‐L1, and PD‐L2 (>5% and >10% of tumor cells, respectively) expression were observed in 20%, 20%, and 90% of samples, respectively. No significant differences were observed between pre‐ and posttreatment cell phenotypes.CONCLUSIONSingle‐agent nivolumab did not demonstrate a benefit in this cohort of previously treated advanced ULMS patients. Further biomarker‐driven approaches and studies evaluating combined immune checkpoint‐modulators should be considered. Cancer 2017;123:3285‐90. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Queen Bees and Alpha Males: Are successful women more competitive than successful men?
Authors: Faniko Klea , Ellemers Naomi , Derks Belle 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTwo studies carried out in Switzerland examined different explanations for the “Queen Bee (QB)‐phenomenon.” In Study 1 (N = 315), female managers (vs. subordinates) identified with successful women and supported measures that would benefit these women—even though they are their direct competitors. However, they were disinclined to identify with women who put their family first, viewed themselves as different (more masculine) than junior women, and were reluctant to endorse measures to support them. Study 2 (N = 277) compared QB‐responses of women to Alpha Male (AM) responses of men. We found evidence of QB and AM effects: both female and male managers rated their own masculinity as higher than that of same‐gender junior colleagues. Compared to their male colleagues, women in managerial positions were more inclined to identify with successful same‐gender colleagues. This counters explanations for the QB effect as being due to increased competitiveness of successful women.