bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Krebs und Ernährung – ein Paradigmenwechsel
Authors: Imoberdorf R. , Rühlin M. , Ballmer P. E. 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDeutliche internationale Unterschiede in der Häufigkeit von Krebs haben zu der Vermutung geführt, dass die Ernährung ein wichtiger
Risikofaktor für die Entstehung von Krebs sein könnte. Experten sind der Meinung, dass die Ernährung in 30–35 % mitverantwortlich für die
Entstehung von bösartigen Tumoren ist. Bereits vor Tumordiagnose haben viele Patienten Gewicht verloren als Folge einer Unter- oder
Mangelernährung. Häufig verschlechtert sich der Ernährungszustand während der Erkrankung weiter. Als Folge der Tumorerkrankung sowie
therapiebedingt führen Appetitlosigkeit, Geschmacksveränderungen, Übelkeit, Erbrechen zusätzlich zu Mangel- und Unterernährung. Die
Mangelernährung hat einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Prognose der Erkrankung und auch auf die Verträglichkeit der Therapie. Deshalb ist
die Unterstützung der stark beeinträchtigten Patienten bei der Nahrungsaufnahme eine wichtige und vordringliche ärztliche und pflegerische
Tätigkeit. Die physiologischen, pathophysiologischen, genetischen und molekularbiologischen Stoffwechselprozesse bei Krebs sind hochkomplex
reguliert, deuten in ihrer Gesamtheit darauf hin, dass eine fett- und eiweißbasierte Ernährung favorisiert werden sollte, was einem
Paradigmenwechsel zur sog. gesunden, ausgewogenen Ernährung mit viel Früchten, Gemüse und komplexen Kohlenhydraten entspricht. Die
evidenzbasierte Datenlage wird aber durchaus kontrovers diskutiert.
Die chronische Wunde und das lymphologische Therapiekonzept
Authors: Cornelsen H. 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDie manuelle Lymphdrainage und die Kompressionstherapie sind heute, in der Behandlung von Lymphödemen, die nebenwirkungsfreie Therapiemöglichkeit der ersten Wahl. Auch das Wissen über die Anatomie, Physiologie und Pathophysiologie des Lymphgefäßsystems nimmt in der Behandlung chronischer Wunden einen immer größeren Platz ein.Die Wirkungsmechanismen der manuellen Lymphdrainage und der lymphologischen Kompressionstherapie sind 1: Erhöhung der Lymphangiomotorik, Abtransport lymphpflichtiger Eiweißlast, Entödematisierung des Lymphödemgebietes, Abbau von Bindegwebsproliferationen, Verbesserte Mikro- und Makrozirkulation.Weiterhin sind die manuelle Lymphdrainage und die lymphologische Kompressionstherapie eine besondere Indikation in der Therapie der chronischen Wunde. Da die Mikrozirkulation durch das beschriebene Behandlungskonzept verbessert wird.Es ist von großem Vorteil, diese bei richtiger Diagnose und Ausführung in den Therapieverlauf der Behandlung der chronischen Wunde zu integrieren. Zudem ist davon auszugehen, dass die lokale Wundtherapie durch moderne Wund-Auflagen ebenfalls von diesen Wirkungsmechanismen profitieren und die Wundheilung zusätzlich fördern kann. Die Wundtherapie unter anderem auch krankengymnastisch zu unterstützen, hat zu einem komplexen Behandlungsschema geführt, welches in der gefäßorientierten Therapie-Praxis durchgeführt wird.
Peritonealdialyse
Authors: Haag-Weber Marianne 
Published: August 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGObwohl bei der Peritonealdialyse (PD) in den letzten 30 Jahren größere Fortschritte als bei der Hämodialyse (HD) erzielt werden konnten und das Überleben an der PD mit derjenigen an der HD vergleichbar ist mit einem Trend zu einem besseren Patientenüberleben in den ersten Jahren, ist die PD immer noch unterrepräsentiert. Es gibt nur sehr wenige harte Kontraindikationen für die PD. Es bestehen aber immer noch viele Vorurteile und vermeintliche Kontraindikationen. PD ist gut möglich bei Patienten mit Voroperationen, mit Anus praeter, bei Schwangerschaft, nach Herz- und Lungentransplantation, bei Adipositas, polyzystischer Nierenerkrankung und Leberzirrhose mit Aszites. Auch eine PEG muss keine Kontraindikation für die PD sein. Sowohl bei der HD als auch bei der PD wird das Konzept der „incremental“ Dialyse diskutiert. Bei der PD konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Outcome bei einem PD-Beginn mit weniger als 4 Beutelwechseln nicht schlechter ist als die Standardtherapie. Die Lebensqualität wird dadurch auf jeden Fall verbessert und die PD für die Patienten attraktiver. Eine gefürchtete Komplikation der PD ist die EPS. Erfreulicherweise konnte ein Rückgang der Inzidenz in den letzten Jahren verzeichnet werden. Die Bestimmung von Zytokinen im Effluat hat sich bislang nicht als Frühdiagnose der EPS bewährt. Der zurzeit beste Parameter zur Früherkennung des Risikos für eine Entwicklung der EPS ist die Abnahme des freien Wassertransportes auf unter 75 ml und/oder der Abfall des Dialysatnatriums nach 6 Minuten um weniger als 5 mmol/l.
Kmer-SSR: a fast and exhaustive SSR search algorithm
Authors: Pickett Brandon D , Miller Justin B , Ridge Perry G 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Motivation
One of the main challenges with bioinformatics software is that the size and complexity of datasets necessitate trading speed for accuracy, or completeness. To combat this problem of computational complexity, a plethora of heuristic algorithms have arisen that report a ‘good enough’ solution to biological questions. However, in instances such as Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), a ‘good enough’ solution may not accurately portray results in population genetics, phylogenetics and forensics, which require accurate SSRs to calculate intra- and inter-species interactions.

Results
We present Kmer-SSR, which finds all SSRs faster than most heuristic SSR identification algorithms in a parallelized, easy-to-use manner. The exhaustive Kmer-SSR option has 100% precision and 100% recall and accurately identifies every SSR of any specified length. To identify more biologically pertinent SSRs, we also developed several filters that allow users to easily view a subset of SSRs based on user input. Kmer-SSR, coupled with the filter options, accurately and intuitively identifies SSRs quickly and in a more user-friendly manner than any other SSR identification algorithm.

Availability and implementation
The source code is freely available on GitHub at https://github.com/ridgelab/Kmer-SSR.
Efficient Imaging: Examining the Value of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Traumatic Adult Brachial Plexus Injuries, A Systematic Review
Authors: Chin Brian , Ramji Maleka , Farrokhyar Forough , Bain James R 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Traumatic brachial plexus injury (BPI) can result in debilitating sequelae of the upper extremity. Presently, therapeutic decisions are based on the mechanism of injury, serial physical examination, electromyography, nerve conduction, and imaging studies. While magnetic resonance imaging is the current imaging modality of choice for BPI, ultrasound is a promising newcomer that is inexpensive, accessible, and available at point of care.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in the assessment of traumatic adult BPI through a systematic review.

METHODS
An electronic literature search was completed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases up to July 2016. Two independent reviewers completed the screening and data extraction. Methodological quality of studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Statistical analysis was used to estimate pooled sensitivities and study heterogeneity.

RESULTS
Seven studies were included. Four studies compared the detection of pre- and postganglionic lesions at different levels (C5-T1) to surgical exploration as the reference standard. Sensitivity of lesion detection was greater in the upper and middle spinal nerves: C5 (93%, confidence interval [CI] = 78%-100%), C6 (94%, CI = 82%-100%), and C7 (95%, CI = 86%-100%) than in the lower: C8 (71%, CI = 36%-95%) and T1 (56%, CI = 29%-81%).

CONCLUSION
Individual studies demonstrate ultrasound as an effective diagnostic tool for traumatic adult BPI. Sensitivity of lesion detection was noted to be greater in the upper and middle (C5-C7) than in the lower spinal nerves (C8, T1). Further standardized studies should be performed to confirm the utility of ultrasound in the diagnosis of traumatic adult BPI.
Treatment-based Classification System for Patients With Low Back Pain: The Movement Control Approach
Authors: Alrwaily Muhammad , Timko Michael , Schneider Michael , Kawchuk Greg , Bise Christopher , Hariharan Karthik , Stevans Joel , Delitto Anthony 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present the movement control approach as part of the treatment-based classification system. This approach proposes a movement control schema that clarifies that movement control is a product of the interplay among multiple biopsychosocial components. The schema illustrates that for movement to occur in a dynamically controlled fashion, the lumbar spine requires both local mobility and global stability. Local mobility means that the lumbar spine and its adjacent regions possess adequate nerve and joint(s) mobility and soft tissue compliance (ie, the malleability of tissue to undergo elastic deformation). Global stability means that the muscles of the lumbar spine and its adjacent regions can generate activation that is coordinated with various joint movements and incorporated into activities of daily living. Local mobility and global stability are housed within the bio-behavioral and socio-occupational factors that should be addressed during movement rehabilitation. This schema is converted into a practical physical examination to help the rehabilitation provider to construct a clinical rationale as to why the movement impairment(s) exist. The examination findings are used to guide treatment. We suggest a treatment prioritization that aims to consecutively address neural sensitivity, joint(s) and soft tissue mobility, motor control, and endurance. This prioritization enables rehabilitation providers to better plan the intervention according to each patient's needs. We emphasize that treatment for patients with low back pain is not a static process. Rather, the treatment is a fluid process that changes as the clinical status of the patient changes. This movement control approach is based on clinical experience and indirect evidence; further research is needed to support its clinical utility.
Performance on Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) Impacts Health-Related Quality of Life in Adult Spinal Deformity Patients
Authors: Moke Lieven , Severijns Pieter , Schelfaut Sebastiaan , Van de loock Kristel , Hermans Lore , Molenaers Guy , Jonkers Ilse , Scheys Lennart 
Published: August 2017

Study Design.
Prospective single-center study.

Objective.
Study investigates how dynamic balance performance complements 2D static radiographic measurements and demographics in terms of understanding health-related quality of life in adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients.

Summary of Background Data.
Recent insights suggest that demographic variables have a stronger impact on health-related quality of life than 2D radiographic spinopelvic parameters in ASD patients.

Methods.
Nine healthy volunteers and 36 ASD patients following inclusion criteria were recruited. Demographics, Scoliosis Research Society Score-22r (SRS-22r), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI), 2D radiographic spinopelvic measurements, and performance on Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), and Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) were determined for each subject. Nonparametric tests, Spearman correlations, univariate, and stepwise-like linear multivariate regression analysis were performed.

Results.
BESTest and TCMS had significant lower values in the ASD group versus the control group (P = 0.000). In the ASD group, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) correlated fair to ODI, COMI (0.441 ≥ r ≥ 0.383, P < 0.021) and to SRS-22-r (r = −0.335, P = 0.046), Mini Mental State Examination correlated fair to COMI (r = −0.352, P = 0.035), “Pelvic Incidence minus Lumbar Lordosis” correlated fair to ODI (r = 0.361, P = 0.031), BESTest correlated moderate to ODI and COMI (r ≤ −0.505; P ≤ 0.002), TCMS correlated fair to ODI (r = −0.356; P = 0.033). CIRS and BESTest were significant predictive variables for COMI based on univariate analysis in ASD patients. Multivariate regression analysis including demographics, 2D static radiographic parameters, and dynamic balance scales identified BESTest as single independent variable (P = 0.000) to predict COMI (adjusted R
2 = 0.285) in ASD patients.

Conclusion.
BESTest has a higher potential than demographic and 2D radiographic spinopelvic parameters to predict quality of life in ASD patients. Further research is necessary to identify the impact of ASD on quality of life.

Level of Evidence: 3
Relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: any progress?
Authors: Schlenk Richard F. , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Benner Axel , Kieser Meinhard 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
Aim of this review was to focus on prognostic and predictive factors, standard and new treatment approaches, and on statistical considerations for future clinical trials in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (r/r-AML).

Recent findings
New prognostic molecular markers were identified in r/r-AML, FLT3-ITD, mutated IDH1, and biallelic CEBPA mutations. Intensive combination chemotherapy including gemtuzumab ozogamicin emerged as an effective salvage therapy in refractory AML. Timing of allo-HCT in r/r-AML may be oriented at the probability to achieve a response to intensive salvage therapy. Several new treatment approaches ranging from new and modified cytotoxic drugs to targeted approaches are in clinical development with first efficacy assessment in single-arm phase II studies. Their external validity may be considerably increased by using a novel design based on a matching approach.

Summary

FLT3-ITD, mutated IDH1, and biallelic CEBPA mutations are identified as prognostic molecular markers in r/r-AML. Timing of allo-HCT should be based on the probability to achieve a response to intensive salvage therapy. Several new approaches are currently evaluated and matching for controls may help to increase external validity.
In-utero cigarette smoke exposure and the risk of earlier menopause
Authors: Honorato Talita C. , Haadsma Maaike L. , Land Jolande A. , Boezen Marike H. , Hoek Annemieke , Groen Henk 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objective:
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for earlier menopause. Animal studies show that in-utero smoke exposure is toxic to developing ovaries. Our aim was to evaluate whether in-utero smoke exposed women reach menopause earlier compared with nonexposed women.

Methods:
This is a cohort study within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Participants included in this study were followed from 1991/1992 until 2010. Participant characteristics for the current analysis were obtained from obstetric records and from annual follow-up questionnaires. When not available, age at natural menopause was estimated by age at filling in the questionnaire minus 1 year. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios of menopause for in-utero exposed and nonexposed women.

Results:
There were 695/2,852 postmenopausal women, of whom 466 had natural menopause, 117 had hormonal therapy, and 112 had surgical menopause. Age at natural menopause was 50.6 ± 3.7 years. Of all participants, 20.2% (577/2,852) were exposed to smoke in-utero. Participants who were in-utero exposed but were not smokers did not have higher hazards of menopause (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.92, 95% CI 0.72-1.18), whereas participants who were ever smokers (current or previous) and were in-utero exposed (adjusted HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01-1.95) or were ever smokers but not exposed (adjusted HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.00-1.53) did have higher hazards of earlier menopause.

Conclusions:
In-utero smoke exposure was not associated with earlier menopause, but the effect of in-utero smoke exposure was modified by the smoking habits of the participants themselves increasing the risk for smokers who were in-utero exposed.
Double-Pedicled Free Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap for the Coverage of Thigh Soft-Tissue Defect
Authors: Bota Olimpiu , Spindler Nick , Sauber Jeannine , Aydogan Emrah , Langer Stefan 
Published: August 2017

Summary:
Soft-tissue defects caused by radiation injury are a challenging task for the reconstructive surgeon, due to the extent of the soft-tissue damage and the associated injuries of the local blood vessels and bone tissue. We present the application of the versatile deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap for the coverage of an extended lateral thigh soft-tissue defect after the surgical resection of an undifferentiated pleomorphic high-grade sarcoma, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy. A double-pedicled free DIEP flap (756 cm2) was harvested and anastomosed to the transverse branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery and a lateral branch of the popliteal artery (P1). The flap survived completely without serious complications, and the patient was able to walk with crutches 3 months postoperatively. This is the first case report of a free bipedicled DIEP flap for the coverage of a thigh defect in a male patient.
Expert Evaluation of Visual Field Decay in Glaucoma Correlates With the Fast Component of Visual Field Loss
Authors: Cirineo Nila , Morales Esteban , Lee Jun Mo , Ramanathan Meera , Hirunpatravong Pradtana , Lin Mark , Capistrano Vicente , Abdelmonen Afifi , Yu Fei , Nouri-Mahdavi Kouros , Coleman Anne L. , Caprioli Joseph 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To compare the assessment of serial visual fields (VFs) based on subjective expert evaluation with the fast and slow VF component rates determined with pointwise exponential regression (PER) and pointwise linear regression (PLR).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 5272 VF examinations from 376 eyes diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma were included. Three glaucoma specialists assessed each VF qualitatively to evaluate progression status and the qualitative rate of progression. The rates of VF decay were determined with PER and PLR at each VF location, which were ranked according to the regression coefficient and partitioned into 2 groups (fast and slow). A mean rate for the fast and slow partitions was obtained based on the average of the regression coefficients in each partition. κ-values were used to measure the agreement among the experts and the PER and PLR algorithms.

Results:
The average baseline VF mean deviation for the study sample was −6.6 (±5.9) dB. The agreement of the likelihood of progression among the dichotomized experts’ score and PER was moderate (κ=0.41, P<0.01) and fair (κ=0.39, P<0.01) for PLR. The agreement of the likelihood of progression among the 3 dichotomized experts’ scores was fair (κ=0.22, P<0.01). The agreement of the area of worsening among the dichotomized experts’ score and PER and PLR were both moderate (κ=0.48, P<0.01; κ=0.46, P<0.01). The eyes flagged by experts as having “fast” progression rates had a higher average rates of decay for PER and PLR at −2.7 (±4.1) %/year and −0.8 (±1.2) dB/year; eyes flagged as “slow” had lower rates of decay at −0.3 (±1.5) %/year and −0.1 (±0.5) dB/year.

Conclusions:
Expert qualitative evaluation of field series for change and rate of change correlate more closely with the fast component than with the slow component of VF decay.
Attenuation Coefficients From SD-OCT Data: Structural Information Beyond Morphology on RNFL Integrity in Glaucoma
Authors: Thepass Gijs , Lemij Hans G. , Vermeer Koenraad A. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to explore the attenuation coefficient (AC) of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, in healthy eyes and eyes affected by glaucoma. To assess the relation between RNLF AC, disease severity, RNFL thickness, visual field sensitivity threshold, spatial location and age.

Patients and Methods:
We analyzed peripapillary circle scans of a clinical OCT device (Spectralis OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) in 102 glaucoma patients and 90 healthy controls. The images were fully automatically converted into depth-resolved AC images. Next, the median AC within the RNFL was calculated based on the Spectralis segmentation. We compared the RNFL AC between healthy, mild, moderate and advanced glaucomatous eyes and assessed the correlation with patient characteristics such as age and visual field sensitivity threshold (HFA, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) in a generalized estimating equations (GEE) model. Finally, we explored the ability to discriminate between glaucomatous and healthy eyes by RNFL AC.

Results:
Median RNFL AC decreased with increasing disease severity up to moderate glaucoma (P<0.001) in all 4 sectors around the optic nerve head. The largest relative decrease occurred in the nasal sector. The RNFL AC (AUC, 0.834±0.028) effectively discriminated healthy from glaucomatous eyes, although RNFL thickness (AUC, 0.975±0.013) performed even better (P<0.001). Prediction of visual field sensitivity improved significantly when RNFL thickness was augmented with RNFL AC as covariates (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that RNFL AC provides complementary information on the RNFL’s health compared with RNFL thickness measurements alone.
Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for the Prediction of Preventable Hospital Readmissions
Authors: Garcia-Arce Andres , Rico Florentino , Zayas-Castro José L. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
A diverse universe of statistical models in the literature aim to help hospitals understand the risk factors of their preventable readmissions. However, these models are usually not necessarily applicable in other contexts, fail to achieve good discriminatory power, or cannot be compared with other models. We built and compared predictive models based on machine learning algorithms for 30-day preventable hospital readmissions of Medicare patients. This work used the same inclusion/exclusion criteria for diseases used by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. In addition, risk stratification techniques were implemented to study covariate behavior on each risk strata. The new models resulted in improved performance measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Finally, factors such as higher length of stay, disease severity index, being discharged to a hospital, and primary language other than English were associated with increased risk to be readmitted within 30 days. In the future, better predictive models for 30-day preventable hospital readmissions can point to the development of systems that identify patients at high risk and lead to the implementation of interventions (e.g., discharge planning and follow-up) to those patients, providing consistent improvement in the quality and efficiency of the healthcare system.