bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic TMO-NMs adsorbent: Temperature-Time dependent Safranine degradation, sorption study validated under optimized effective equilibrium models parameter with standardized statistical analysis
Authors: Wahab Rizwan , Khan Farheen , Kaushik Nagendra Kumar , Musarrat Javed , Al-Khedhairy Abdulaziz A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, chemically synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), were employed for two processes: one is photocatalytic degradation and second one adsorption for the sorption of safranine (SA) dye in an aqueous medium at pH = 12.01. The optimized analytes amount (nano-adsorbent = 0.10 g, conc. range of SA dye 56.13 ppm to 154.37 ppm, pH = 12.01, temperature 303 K) reached to equilibrium point in 80 min, which acquired for chemical adsorption-degradation reactions. The degredated SA dye data’s recorded by UV-visible spectroscopy for the occurrence of TMO-NMs of CuO-NPs at anticipated period of interval. The feasible performance of CuO-NPs was admirable, shows good adsorption capacity qm = 53.676 mg g−1 and most convenient to best fitted results establish by linear regression equation, corresponded for selected kinetic model (pseudo second order (R2 = 0.9981), equilibrium isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubnin-Radushkevich (D-R), Temkin, H-J and Halsey), and thermodynamic parameters (∆H° = 75461.909 J mol−1, ∆S° = 253.761 J mol−1, ∆G° = −1427.93 J mol−1, Ea = 185.142 J mol−1) with error analysis. The statistical study revealed that CuO-NPs was an effective adsorbent certified photocatalytic efficiency (η = 84.88%) for degradation of SA dye, exhibited more feasibility and good affinity toward adsorbate, the sorption capacity increases with increased temperature at equilibrium point.
Solvent Chemistry in the Electronic Cigarette Reaction Vessel
Authors: Jensen R. Paul , Strongin Robert M. , Peyton David H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractKnowledge of the mechanism of formation, levels and toxicological profiles of the chemical products in the aerosols (i.e., vapor plus particulate phases) of e-cigarettes is needed in order to better inform basic research as well as the general public, regulators, and industry. To date, studies of e-cigarette emissions have mainly focused on chromatographic techniques for quantifying and comparing the levels of selected e-cigarette aerosol components to those found in traditional cigarettes. E-cigarettes heat and aerosolize the solvents propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (GLY), thereby affording unique product profiles as compared to traditional cigarettes. The chemical literature strongly suggests that there should be more compounds produced by PG and GLY than have been reported in e-cigarette aerosols to date. Herein we report an extensive investigation of the products derived from vaporizing PG and GLY under mild, single puff conditions. This has led to the discovery of several new compounds produced under vaping conditions. Prior reports on e-cigarette toxin production have emphasized temperature as the primary variable in solvent degradation. In the current study, the molecular pathways leading to enhanced PG/GLY reactivity are described, along with the most impactful chemical conditions promoting byproduct production.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic biomarker for patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Zhou Xi-Lei , Li Yong-Qiang , Zhu Wei-Guo , Yu Chang-Hua , Song Ya-Qi , Wang Wan-Wei , He Dong-Cheng , Tao Guang-Zhou , Tong Yu-Suo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe present study evaluated the clinical and prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT). A total of 517 patients with ESCC were enrolled and analysed retrospectively. The NLR was calculated at three time points: baseline, post-treatment, and at the time of tumor progression. Elevated NLR was defined as a ratio ≥5. High NLR at baseline was present in 204 (39%) patients and was significantly correlated with larger tumour size, advanced TNM stage, worse ECOG performance status, and dCRT response (p < 0.05). At a median follow-up of 17 months, patients with higher NLR at baseline had poorer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). On multivariate analysis, elevated NLR at baseline was independently associated with PFS and OS (HR = 1.529, p < 0.001 for PFS; HR = 1.856, p < 0.001 for OS). In addition, patients with high pre- and post-treatment NLR demonstrated worse clinical outcomes than other groups. Our results suggest that NLR is an independent prognostic indicator for patients with ESCC undergoing dCRT and changes in NLR level with treatment may indicate therapeutic benefit.
Microglia preconditioned by oxygen-glucose deprivation promote functional recovery in ischemic rats
Authors: Kanazawa Masato , Miura Minami , Toriyabe Masafumi , Koyama Misaki , Hatakeyama Masahiro , Ishikawa Masanori , Nakajima Takashi , Onodera Osamu , Takahashi Tetsuya , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Shimohata Takayoshi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCell-therapies that invoke pleiotropic mechanisms may facilitate functional recovery in stroke patients. We hypothesized that a cell therapy using microglia preconditioned by optimal oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) is a therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke because optimal ischemia induces anti-inflammatory M2 microglia. We first delineated changes in angiogenesis and axonal outgrowth in the ischemic cortex using rats. We found that slight angiogenesis without axonal outgrowth were activated at the border area within the ischemic core from 7 to 14 days after ischemia. Next, we demonstrated that administration of primary microglia preconditioned by 18 hours of OGD at 7 days prompted functional recovery at 28 days after focal cerebral ischemia compared to control therapies by marked secretion of remodelling factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and transforming growth factor-β polarized to M2 microglia in vitro/vivo. In conclusion, intravascular administration of M2 microglia preconditioned by optimal OGD may be a novel therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke.
Loss of OxyR reduces efficacy of oxygen respiration in Shewanella oneidensis
Authors: Wan Fen , Shi Miaomiao , Gao Haichun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn many bacteria, OxyR is the major regulator controlling cellular response to H2O2. A common phenotype resulting from OxyR loss is reduced growth rate, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We demonstrated in Shewanella oneidensis, an important research model for applied and environmental microbes, that the defect is primarily due to an electron shortage to major terminal oxidase cytochrome cbb3. The loss of OxyR leads to enhanced production of electron carriers that compete for electrons against cytochrome cbb3, cytochrome bd in particular. We further showed that the oxyR mutation also results in increased production of menaquinone, an additional means to lessen electrons to cytochrome cbb3. Although regulation of OxyR on these biological processes appears to be indirect, these data indicate that the regulator plays a previously underappreciated role in mediating respiration.
Smoothened is a poor prognosis factor and a potential therapeutic target in glioma
Authors: Tu Yiming , Niu Mingshan , Xie Peng , Yue Chenglong , Liu Ning , Qi Zhenglei , Gao Shangfeng , Liu Hongmei , Shi Qiong , Yu Rutong , Liu Xuejiao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMalignant gliomas are associated with a high mortality rate. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of novel targeted therapeutics. Aberrant Hedgehog signaling has been directly linked to glioma. GDC-0449 is a novel small molecule inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling that blocks the activity of smoothened (Smo). In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effects of the smoothened inhibitor GDC-0449 on cell proliferation in human gliomas. We found that high expression of smoothened in glioma is a predictor of short overall survival and poor patient outcome. Our data suggest that GDC-0449 significantly inhibits the proliferation of glioma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Our results demonstrate that GDC-0449 can effectively inhibit the migration and invasion of glioma cells. Furthermore, GDC-0449 treatment significantly suppressed glioma cell xenograft tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, GDC-0449 treatment markedly decreases the expression levels of key Hedgehog pathway component genes (Shh, Patched-1, Patched-2, smoothened, Gli1 and Gli2). These results indicate that GDC-0449 works through targeting the Hedgehog pathway. Taken together, our study suggests that smoothened could be used as a prognostic marker and molecular therapeutic target for glioma.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of effects of dietary fish oil on total fatty acid composition in mouse skin
Authors: Wang Peiru , Sun Min , Ren Jianwei , Djuric Zora , Fisher Gary J. , Wang Xiuli , Li Yong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAltering the fatty acid (FA) composition in the skin by dietary fish oil could provide therapeutic benefits. Although it has been shown that fish oil supplementation enhances EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) abundance in the skin, comprehensive skin FA profiling is needed. We established a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method, which allows precise quantification of FA profile using small (<24 mm2 for mice and <12 mm2 for humans) skin specimens that can be readily obtained from live mice and humans. We determined mouse skin FA composition after 2, 4 and 8 weeks of consuming a control diet or a diet supplemented with fish oil. Fish oil markedly enhanced EPA and DHA in mouse skin within 2 weeks, and this increase plateaued after 4 weeks. The FA composition in mouse skin was different from that of serum, indicating that skin has homeostatic control of FA metabolism. Mice fed the control diet designed to simulate Western human diet displayed similar skin FA composition as that of humans. The present study presents a validated method for FA quantification that is needed to investigate the mechanisms of actions of dietary treatments in both mouse and human skin.
Speaking Tongues Are Actively Braced
Authors: Gick Bryan , Allen Blake , Roewer-Després François , Stavness Ian 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
Bracing of the tongue against opposing vocal-tract surfaces such as the teeth or palate has long been discussed in the context of biomechanical, somatosensory, and aeroacoustic aspects of tongue movement. However, previous studies have tended to describe bracing only in terms of contact (rather than mechanical support), and only in limited phonetic contexts, supporting a widespread view of bracing as an occasional state, peculiar to specific sounds or sound combinations.

Method
The present study tests the pervasiveness and effortfulness of tongue bracing in continuous English speech passages using electropalatography and 3-D biomechanical simulations.

Results

The tongue remains in continuous contact with the upper molars during speech, with only rare exceptions. Use of the term
bracing
(rather than merely
contact
) is supported here by biomechanical simulations showing that lateral bracing is an active posture requiring dedicated muscle activation; further, loss of lateral contact for onset /l/ allophones is found to be consistently accompanied by contact of the tongue blade against the anterior palate. In the rare instances where direct evidence for contact is lacking (only in a minority of low vowel and postvocalic /l/ tokens), additional biomechanical simulations show that lateral contact is maintained against pharyngeal structures dorsal to the teeth.

Conclusion
Taken together, these results indicate that tongue bracing is both pervasive and active in running speech and essential in understanding tongue movement control.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Neurofibromatosis Type 2 Patient with a Novel MRI-Compatible Auditory Brainstem Implant
Authors: Shew Matthew , Bertsch Judson , Camarata Paul , Staecker Hinrich 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAuditory brainstem implantation has become a key technique for the rehabilitation of hearing in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2. The nature of this devastating genetic disease requires ongoing MRI for the patient's lifespan. Today, most auditory brainstem implants require removal of the magnet that connects the internal device to the external speech processor to undergo imaging as their disease progresses. Patients have the option of having a short procedure to have the magnet taken out and replaced each time, or alternately using a headband to secure the processor over the receiver coil of the internal device. Novel magnet technology has led to the development of a freely rotating magnet that can be used inside the magnetic field of an MRI scanner without losing magnet strength and without being displaced from the body of the device. We report one of the first patients implanted with a Med-El Synchrony ABI in the United States who subsequently underwent successful imaging with MRI 1.5 tesla to follow for other existing schwannomas.
Endovascular Treatment for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Improves Clinical Symptoms and Signs
Authors: Silva João , Conti Mario , Aguiar Guilherme , Jory Mauricio , Monzillo Paulo , Veiga José 
Published: February 2017

Introduction New physiopathological concepts regarding idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) recommend the endovascular treatment in refractory patients with transverse sinus stenosis.
Objectives To assess the role of the transverse sinus stenting treatment in the symptomatology of patients with IIH.
Method Clinically refractory patients with impaired venous drainage of the transverse sinus were submitted to cerebral angiographies. Patients with pre and post-stenotic pressure gradients > 8 mmHg were submitted to endovascular treatment.
Results Seven patients underwent cerebral angiography with manometry. Stenting was performed in six cases after pressure gradient assessment. All cases showed improvements in headache and resolution of papilledema.
Discussion and Conclusion Although the role of endovascular therapy should be further studied, our data suggest it may improve the clinical symptoms and signs of IIH in selected patients.
Wie hoch sind die Kosten für die zehn häufigsten Todesursachen in Deutschland in den letzten drei Jahren vor dem
Tod?
Authors: Geringer A , Klötzer J , Christiansen S 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Aufgrund des demografischen Wandels wird zukünftig mit einer Kostensteigerung im deutschen Gesundheitswesen gerechnet. Eine
Theorie besagt, dass die Kosten in den letzten Lebensjahren vor dem Tod besonders hoch sind. Es war deswegen das Ziel der vorliegenden
Studie, die Kosten in den letzten drei Lebensjahren vor dem Tod bei den zehn häufigsten Todesursachen in Deutschland zu untersuchen.
Methodik Im Zeitraum von 2011 bis 2015 wurden alle Verstorbenen, die älter als 20 Jahre waren, ermittelt. Aus dieser Gesamtgruppe
wurden gemäß der Todesursachenstatistik des Statistischen Bundesamtes die Verstorbenen den zehn häufigsten Todesursachen in Deutschland
zugeordnet. Für alle Gruppen wurden der Mittelwert und die Standardabweichung des Alters, das Geschlechtsverhältnis und die Kosten in den
letzten drei Jahren vor dem Tod berechnet. Danach wurden die Kosten nach Lebensdekaden aufgeschlüsselt. Die statistische Analyse der Daten
erfolgte mit dem Kolmogorov-Smirnov-, dem Kruskal-Wallis- und dem Dunn-Test.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 18 887 Verstorbene mit einem mittleren Alter von 72,0 ± 13,1 Jahren identifiziert (Männer: 66,1 %, Frauen
33,9 %). Die Datenanalyse zeigte, dass alle zehn zum Tode führenden Erkrankungen in den letzten drei Jahren vor dem Tod signifikant mehr
Kosten verursachten, als im Mittel in der Gesamtgruppe anfielen (p < 0,001). Dabei stiegen in allen Gruppen die Kosten zum Todeszeitpunkt
hin an. Die Analyse der Lebensdekaden zeigte einen Kostenabfall mit zunehmendem Alter.
Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegende Studie zeigt, dass die Art der Erkrankung Einfluss auf die Höhe der Kosten vor dem Tod hat. Diese
Kosten steigen mit der Nähe zum Todeszeitpunkt an und fallen mit zunehmendem Alter ab.
Perplexing cooperative folding and stability of a low-sequence complexity, polyproline 2 protein lacking a hydrophobic core
Authors: Gates Zachary P. , Baxa Michael C. , Yu Wookyung , Riback Joshua A. , Li Hui , Roux Benoît , Kent Stephen B. H. , Sosnick Tobin R. 
Published: February 2017

Significance
The basis of protein-folding cooperativity and stability elicits a variety of opinions, as does the existence and importance of possible residual structure in the denatured state. We examine these issues in a protein that is striking in its dearth of hydrophobic burial and its lack of canonical α and β structures, while having a low sequence complexity with 46% glycine. Unexpectedly, the protein’s folding behavior is similar to that observed for typical globular proteins. This enigma forces a reexamination of the possible combination of factors that can stabilize a protein.
Mapping evaporative water loss in desert passerines reveals an expanding threat of lethal dehydration
Authors: Albright Thomas P. , Mutiibwa Denis , Gerson Alexander. R. , Smith Eric Krabbe , Talbot William A. , O’Neill Jacqueline J. , McKechnie Andrew E. , Wolf Blair O. 
Published: February 2017

SignificanceUsing measured rates of evaporative water loss, hourly gridded weather data, a 4 °C warming scenario, and physiological models, we show that songbirds in the deserts of the southwestern United States are increasingly susceptible to death from dehydration on hot days. Smaller birds lose water at a proportionally higher rate, and are hence more vulnerable than larger birds to lethal dehydration arising from greater evaporative cooling demands. Our analysis indicates that, by the end of the present century, exposure to potentially lethal conditions could at least quadruple for smaller species. The increasing extent, frequency, and intensity of dehydrating conditions under a warming climate may alter daily activity patterns, geographic range limits, and the conservation status of affected birds.
Decadal predictability without ocean dynamics
Authors: Srivastava Abhishekh , DelSole Timothy 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Accurate climate predictions on 10-y time scales are commonly assumed to require climate models with interactive ocean dynamics. This paper shows that the most predictable components in climate models without interactive ocean dynamics are remarkably similar to those in models containing interactive ocean dynamics. In addition, linear models trained on either type of climate model can skillfully predict observed temperature variations a year or two in advance. The results suggest that mechanisms of decadal climate predictability might be much simpler than previously thought, in particular, that they are dominated by thermodynamic ocean physics coupled to a stochastic atmosphere without interactive ocean dynamics.
Differential modulation of global and local neural oscillations in REM sleep by homeostatic sleep regulation
Authors: Kim Bowon , Kocsis Bernat , Hwang Eunjin , Kim Youngsoo , Strecker Robert E. , McCarley Robert W. , Choi Jee Hyun 
Published: February 2017

Significance
This study demonstrates that slow and fast cortical oscillations undergo different adaptations to homeostatic challenge of chronic sleep deprivation, which may benefit different functions of sleep. When mice sleep only 6 h/d for 5 d, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep settles on a persistently elevated level, even though sleep debt continues to accumulate. Using high-density EEG, we found that different forms of slow oscillations follow this general pattern, whereas all high-frequency oscillations showed progressive daily increases. Slow and fast oscillations play distinct roles in coordination of brain cell activity on different scales, and thus our results help to reconcile two seemingly opposite functions of sleep in synaptic homeostasis and sleep-dependent memory consolidation.
Improved regulatory element prediction based on tissue-specific local epigenomic signatures
Authors: He Yupeng , Gorkin David U. , Dickel Diane E. , Nery Joseph R. , Castanon Rosa G. , Lee Ah Young , Shen Yin , Visel Axel , Pennacchio Len A. , Ren Bing , Ecker Joseph R. 
Published: February 2017

Significance
In mammals, when and where a gene is transcribed are primarily regulated by the activity of regulatory DNA elements, or enhancers. Genetic mutation disrupting enhancer function is emerging as one of the major causes of human diseases. However, our knowledge remains limited about the location and activity of enhancers in the numerous and distinct cell types and tissues. Here, we develop a computational approach, regulatory element prediction based on tissue-specific local epigenetic marks (REPTILE), to precisely locate enhancers based on genome-wide DNA methylation and histone modification profiling. We systematically tested REPTILE on a variety of human and mouse cell types and tissues. Compared with existing methods, we found that enhancer predictions from REPTILE are more likely to be active in vivo and the predicted locations are more accurate.
Modular electron-transport chains from eukaryotic organelles function to support nitrogenase activity
Authors: Yang Jianguo , Xie Xiaqing , Yang Mingxuan , Dixon Ray , Wang Yi-Ping 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Engineering nitrogenase into cereal crops requires detailed understanding of the components required for efficient nitrogen fixation. We have used a synthetic biology modular approach to evaluate components from chloroplast, root plastids, and mitochondria that function as electron donors to both conventional Mo nitrogenase and the alternative Fe nitrogenase systems. The knowledge obtained in this study not only identifies electron-transfer components from plant organelles that can be used to support nitrogenase activity, but also is likely to enable reduction of the number of target genes required to engineer nitrogen fixation in plants.
Beta Human Papillomavirus Infection Is Prevalent in Elephantiasis and Exhibits a Productive Phenotype: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Carlson John Andrew , Rady Peter , Kadam Pooja , He Qin , Simonette Rebecca , Tyring Stephen 
Published: February 2017

Abstract:Elephantiasis is considered a cutaneous region of immune deficiency with cobblestone-like surface caused by a wart-like eruption. Verrucosis is a diffuse human papillomavirus (HPV) infection linked to immunodeficiency disorders. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of HPV infection in lymphedema and its pathogenic role in elephantiasis. A retrospective case-control study was performed examining lymphedematous skin and controls of peritumoral normal skin. HPV infection was evaluated at the DNA, protein, and histopathologic levels by polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and light microscopy, respectively. Overall, 540 HPV DNAs were detected in 120 of 122 cutaneous samples (median 4 HPV DNAs per sample, range 0–9). Compared with controls, no differences existed in type or number of HPVs identified. Instead, a diverse spectrum of HPV-related histopathologies were evident, likely reflecting the multiplicity of HPV genotypes detected. Most notably, increasing histopathologic lymphedema stage significantly correlated with markers of productive HPV infection such as altered keratohyaline granules and HPV L1 capsid expression. Limitations of this study are the absence of normal skin controls not associated with neoplasia or subclinical lymphedema, and lack of assessment of HPV copy number per keratinocyte infected. In conclusion, productive HPV infection, not HPV type or numbers detected, distinguished lymphedematous skin from controls. These findings support the theory that lymphedema creates a region of depressed immunity that permits productive HPV infection, manifested clinically by diffuse papillomatosis, characteristic of elephantiasis.