bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Peroxide‐Induced Oxidative Dimerization of Wittig Reagents: Improving the Selectivity, Yield and Expanding to the Aryl System
Authors: He Wei , Lv Yue‐Guang , Hong Tian‐Yu , Tong Yuan‐Bo , Zhu Zhong‐Peng , Wei Qian , Guo Cun‐Yue , Yu Gui , Yang Jing‐Kui 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUnder the protection of nitrogen, the use of THF as best solvent can increase the yield or stereoselectivity of the H2O2 induced oxidation of Wittig reagents to give the corresponding dimerization products (trans‐alkenes) as the major or only product in better to good yields up to 98 %. This reaction can be expanded to the aryl system in the yield up to 94 % for homo‐coupled dimers or 58 % for cross coupled dimers. This result will expand the synthetic application scope of Wittig reagents and H2O2.
A Total Synthesis of the Cyclic Depsipeptide Chaiyaphumine‐A
Authors: Gholap Somnath S. , Ugale Sandip R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe first total synthesis of Chaiyaphumine‐A, a cyclic depsipentapeptide isolated from Xenorhabdus SP. PB614 which showed good activity against Plasmodium falcifarum (IC50= 0.61 μM) has been described. The synthesis of Chaiyaphumine‐A was accomplished by solution phase fragment synthesis using protection, deprotection, coupling and cyclisation reactions. Five amino acids viz. L‐Threonine, D‐phenyl alanine, D‐Alanine, L‐Proline and L‐Tryptophan are assembled together by amide coupling reactions. The macrocylization of side chain (‐OH) of L‐ β Thr and C‐terminus of carboxylic acid from L‐Tryptophan to give Chaiyaphumine‐A in 12% yield. The spectroscopic data (1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, HRMS) confirmed the structure elucidation as reported in literature.
Synthesis of Lapachone Derivates via Ionic Liquid‐Mediated Tandem Knoevenagel/Diels‐Alder Reaction
Authors: Prado Karinne E. , Name Luccas L. , Oliveira Rayssa P. , Guadagnin Rafael C. , Pimenta Daniel C. , Pena Jesus M. , Cella Rodrigo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe use of ionic liquid (IL) in Tandem Knoevenagel/Diels‐Alder Reaction is an optimization method for one‐pot procedures, providing great results under mild conditions. In this paper, four new Lapachone derivatives were obtained using lawsone as substrate. The effects of the catalytic use of ionic liquids and catalysts in organometallic systems were evaluated. Several lapachone derivatives were obtained good to excellent yields.
Mesoscopic‐Functionalization of Silk Fibroin with Gold Nanoclusters Mediated by Keratin and Bioinspired Silk Synapse
Authors: Xing Yao , Shi Chenyang , Zhao Jianhui , Qiu Wu , Lin Naibo , Wang Jingjuan , Yan Xiao Bing , Yu Wei Dong , Liu Xiang Yang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSilk fibroin (SF) offers great opportunities in manufacturing biocompatible/partially biodegradable devices with environmental benignity and biomedical applications. To obtain active SF devices of next generation, this work is to demonstrate a new functionalization strategy of the mesoscopic functionalization for soft materials. Unlike the atomic functionalization of solid materials, the meso‐functionalization is to incorporate meso‐dopants, i.e., functional molecules or nanomaterials, quantum dots, into the mesoscopic networks of soft materials. In this work, wool keratin (WK) molecules were adopted as mediating molecules to incorporate gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), into the mesoscopic networks of SF. It follows from our analyses that the β‐crystallites between WK and SF molecules establish the binding between WK@AuNCs and the SF networks. The incorporated WK@AuNCs are electron rich and serve as electronically charged nano particles to bridge the growth of Ag filaments in bio‐degradable WK@AuNCs–SF memristors. The meso‐functionalization can greatly enhance the performance of SF materials and endows them with new functionalities. This can be highlighted by biocompatible/partly degradable WK@AuNCs functionalized SF resistive random‐access memories, having the enhanced resistive switching memory performance, and the unique synapse characteristics and the capability of synapse learning compared with neat SF devices, and of great importance in nonvolatile memory, analog circuits, and neuromorphic applications.
Growth and Movements of Mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) Along Armored and Vegetated Estuarine Shorelines
Authors: Crum Kevin P. , Balouskus Richard G. , Targett Timothy E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlteration of estuarine shorelines associated with increased urbanization can significantly impact biota and food webs. This study determined the impact of shoreline alteration on growth and movement of the estuarine fishFundulus heteroclitusin a tributary of the Delaware Coastal Bays.Fundulus heteroclitusis abundant along the east coast of the USA, and is an important trophic link between marsh and subtidal estuary. The restricted home range ofF. heteroclitusallowed discrete sampling, and fish growth comparisons, along 35–65-m long stretches of fringingSpartina alternifloraandPhragmites australismarsh, riprap, and bulkhead.Fundulus heteroclituswere tagged with decimal Coded Wire Tags. Of 725 taggedF. heteroclitus, 89 were recaptured 30–63 days later. Mean growth rate (0.06–0.15 mm day−1across all shoreline types) was greatest at riprap, lowest atSpartinaandPhragmites, and intermediate at bulkhead, where growth was not significantly different from any other shoreline. This suggests that discernible environments exist along different shoreline types, even at the scale of tens of meters. No difference in movement distance was detected at different shoreline types; most individuals displayed a high degree of site fidelity. Forty-seven percent were recaptured within 5 m of their tagging location, although alongshore movements up to 475 m were recorded. Estimates of relativeF. heteroclitusproductivity, using relative density data from a concurrent study, were highest alongSpartinaandPhragmites, intermediate at riprap, and lowest at bulkhead. Therefore, despite greater growth rates along riprap than at vegetated shores, armoring reduces abundance sufficiently to negatively impact localized productivity ofF. heteroclitus.
Cardiac troponin T as a predictor of cardiac death in patients with left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Nakamura Hironori , Niwano Shinichi , Fukaya Hidehira , Murakami Masami , Kishihara Jun , Satoh Akira , Yoshizawa Tomoharu , Oikawa Jun , Ishizue Naruya , Igarashi Tazuru , Fujiishi Tamami , Ako Junya 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundCardiac troponin T (cTnT) has been reported to be associated with cardiac mortality.In the present study, we evaluated the role of routine assessment of cTnT as a predictor of future cardiac death in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction.MethodsPatients who were eligible for prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) were included from cardiac catheterization database. Inclusion criteria were patients with LV ejection fraction of ≤ 35% and with New York Heart Association (NYHA) ≥class II. Exclusion criteria were patients with acute coronary syndrome, ICD for secondary prevention, NYHA class IV, and lack of data. The final study patients were divided into the following three groups in accordance with two quartile points of serum cTnT levels: low cTnT, intermediate cTnT, and high cTnT groups. The primary endpoint of this study was cardiac death.ResultsA total of 70 patients were included (mean age, 62±13 years; male individuals, 56; ischemic, 36; and non‐ischemic, 34). During the observation period of 2.2 years, cardiac death was observed in 17 patients (fatal arrhythmic event, 9; heart failure, 7; myocardial infarction, 1). In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, the high cTnT group showed the highest risk among all the groups (p<0.001). Even in sub‐analyses for ischemic and non‐ischemic patients, the results were the same, and the high cTnT group showed the highest event rate (p<0.05). In contrast, no cardiac death was observed in the low cTnT group.ConclusionThe cTnT levels in a stable state were associated with cardiac death in patients with LV dysfunction, even in those with non‐ischemic diseases.
Redefining agency in late life: the concept of ‘disponibility’
Authors: ROMAIOLI DIEGO , CONTARELLO ALBERTA 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIn light of an increased ageing population, policy makers are faced with the urgent problem of planning programmes that reflect active ageing or, in other words, the promotion of activities that help individuals to remain active in a societal context. The construct of agency, defined as the capacity to make decisions and to address situations depending on the individual's future plans, reflects a specific normative criterion: individuals are expected to live in an active and productive way, while those who are unable to live up to this expectation are considered dependent, passive, unproductive, weak. From a social constructionist perspective, the current study proposes a critical reflection on the qualities usually attributed to the construct of agency that are liable to appear reductive and oppressive when applied to an elderly population. Once the basic premises underlying agency, as it is commonly defined in the Western tradition, have been deconstructed, a different conceptualisation, based on interviews with older individuals, will be presented. The current work aims to produce a different conceptual framework that will permit examination of experiences and organisational modalities of agency typifying later life. The comments made by the interviewees in many cases resonate with ideas contained in Taoist philosophy and, more specifically, with the concept ofdisponibilité(or disponibility) outlined by the French sinologist François Jullien, which we discuss here.
OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE IN DENTISTRY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Chruściel-Nogalska Małgorzata , Smektała Tomasz , Tutak Marcin , Sporniak-Tutak Katarzyna , Olszewski Raphael 
Published: August 2017

Objectives:Technological development and the need for electronic health records management resulted in the need for a computer with dedicated, commercial software in daily dental practice. The alternative for commercial software may be open-source solutions. Therefore, this study reviewed the current literature on the availability and use of open-source software (OSS) in dentistry.Methods:A comprehensive database search was performed on February 1, 2017. Only articles published in peer-reviewed journals with a focus on the use or description of OSS were retrieved. The level of evidence, according to Oxford EBM Centre Levels of Evidence Scale was classified for all studies. Experimental studies underwent additional quality reporting assessment.Results:The screening and evaluation process resulted in twenty-one studies from 1,940 articles found, with 10 of them being experimental studies. None of the articles provided level 1 evidence, and only one study was considered high quality following quality assessment.Twenty-six different OSS programs were described in the included studies of which ten were used for image visualization, five were used for healthcare records management, four were used for educations processes, one was used for remote consultation and simulation, and six were used for general purposes.Conclusions:Our analysis revealed that the dental literature on OSS consists of scarce, incomplete, and methodologically low quality information.
Preclinical studies for implementing flattening filter-free beams in hypofractionated volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for prostate cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Liu Baochang , Darko Johnson , Osei Ernest 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundVolumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has emerged as one of the most favourable techniques for radiotherapy treatment in recent years because of its conformal dose distribution to the planning target volume (PTV), lower doses to adjacent normal organs at risk (OARs) and faster and easier dose delivery. A typical conventional VMAT protocol for low-intermediate risk prostate cancer uses a flattened 6 MV photon beam to deliver 78 Gy in 39 fractions, however, a recent Radiation Therapy Oncology Group study investigated prostate cancer radiotherapy with a hypofractionated dose scheme of 36·25 Gy in 5 fractions. One advantage of flattening filter-free (FFF) beams in radiotherapy is the higher doses in the central region on the dose profile and much higher dose delivery rates.Methods and materialsThis paper reports the investigation of preclinical studies for implementing FFF beams in hypofractionated VMAT for prostate cancer radiotherapy. All treatment planning were accomplished using Varian EclipseTM treatment planning system version 11 and delivered on Varian Truebeam linear accelerators. The studies compared the biological-effective dose–volume histograms and dose–volume histograms of PTV and OARs for 20 patients using conventional and hypofractionated dose schemes. The study also evaluated the 6 and 10 MV FFF by comparing 6 and 10 MV VMAT plans with the FFF beams. The treatment time was investigated using plans with 6 MV beams and doses of 2, 4, 5, 6, 7·25 Gy/fraction and plans with 10 MV FFF with a dose of 7·25 Gy/fraction. We also investigated an angular monitor unit (MU) quantity (MU/deg) and its threshold value for RapidArcTM plans, beyond which FFF beams can be considered superior to flattened beams in terms of treatment time increased caused by higher dose per fraction.ResultsThe results show that the hypofractionated plans resulted in greater biological equivalent doses to PTV and lower doses to OARs. The 10 MV FFF plans have statistically lower mean doses to all the OARs, whereas PTV homogeneity index remains the same compared with other beam energies. The mean body integral dose for the 20 patients is 8·7% lower using 10 MV FFF compared with 6 MV FFF mainly because of the higher energy and less required MUs with the 10 MV FFF beam. The hypofractionated scheme with 10 MV FFF plan has the same treatment time as that of the 6 MV plan at 2 Gy/fraction, as the higher dose delivery rates at 10 MV FFF can compensate for the higher prescribed dose per fraction without the need of extra treatment time.ConclusionIn this study, we observed that the 10 MV FFF beam is better for hypofractionated prostate cancer VMAT plan delivery. The threshold value of MU/deg is found to be 2·083 MU/deg based on our machine configurations.
Diagnostic accuracy of standardised qualitative sensory test in the detection of lumbar lateral stenosis involving the L5 nerve root
Authors: Lin Jiann-Her , Hsieh Yi-Chen , Chen Yi-Chen , Wang Yun , Chen Chih-Cheng , Chiang Yung-Hsiao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMisdiagnosis of symptomatic lumbar lateral stenosis (LS) may result in an unfavourable prognosis after surgical treatment. This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of a standardised qualitative sensory test (SQST) in the detection of symptomatic LS in patients who had degenerative spinal disorders involving the L5 spinal nerve. We prospectively identified 75 patients, of which 60 met the inclusion criteria. Lateral recess stenosis at the L5 level or foraminal stenosis at the L5/S1 level on MRI was identified and graded by a neurosurgeon blinded to any clinical information. The reference criteria for the diagnosis of symptomatic LS were grade III LS on MRI and relevant clinical symptoms. Cutaneous sensory functions of the L5 dermatome on the symptomatic side were evaluated using the SQST. Each item of the SQST showed a satisfactory performance in the diagnosis of LS (sensitivity = 0.455–0.727, specificity = 0.868–1.0). A stepwise selection model identified low-strength von-Frey, high-strength von-Frey, and vibration as the most accurate predictors of symptomatic LS with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.9563 (95% confidence interval = 0.9003–1.0). In combination with MRI, the SQST is a promising diagnostic tool for detecting symptomatic LS involving L5 nerve roots.
Holographic Writing of Ink-Based Phase Conjugate Nanostructures via Laser Ablation
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Waqas , Ahmed Rajib , Yetisen Ali K. , AlQattan Bader , Butt Haider 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe optical phase conjugation (OPC) through photonic nanostructures in coherent optics involves the utilization of a nonlinear optical mechanism through real-time processing of electromagnetic fields. Their applications include spectroscopy, optical tomography, wavefront sensing, and imaging. The development of functional and personalized holographic devices in the visible and near-infrared spectrum can be improved by introducing cost-effective, rapid, and high-throughput fabrication techniques and low-cost recording media. Here, we develop flat and thin phase-conjugate nanostructures on low-cost ink coated glass substrates through a facile and flexible single pulsed nanosecond laser based reflection holography and a cornercube retroreflector (CCR). Fabricated one/two-dimensional (1D/2D) nanostructures exhibited far-field phase-conjugated patterns through wavefront reconstruction by means of diffraction. The optical phase conjugation property had correlation with the laser light (energy) and structural parameters (width, height and exposure angle) variation. The phase conjugated diffraction property from the recorded nanostructures was verified through spectral measurements, far-field diffraction experiments, and thermal imaging. Furthermore, a comparison between the conventional and phase-conjugated nanostructures showed two-fold increase in diffracted light intensity under monochromatic light illumination. It is anticipated that low-cost ink based holographic phase-conjugate nanostructures may have applications in flexible and printable displays, polarization-selective flat waveplates, and adaptive diffraction optics.
Surface reconstruction of InAs (001) depending on the pressure and temperature examined by density functional thermodynamics
Authors: Yeu In Won , Park Jaehong , Han Gyuseung , Hwang Cheol Seong , Choi Jung-Hae 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA detailed understanding of the atomic configuration of the compound semiconductor surface, especially after reconstruction, is very important for the device fabrication and performance. While there have been numerous experimental studies using the scanning probe techniques, further theoretical studies on surface reconstruction are necessary to promote the clear understanding of the origins and development of such subtle surface structures. In this work, therefore, a pressure-temperature surface reconstruction diagram was constructed for the model case of the InAs (001) surface considering both the vibrational entropy and configurational entropy based on the density functional theory. Notably, the equilibrium fraction of various reconstructions was determined as a function of the pressure and temperature, not as a function of the chemical potential, which largely facilitated the direct comparison with the experiments. By taking into account the entropy effects, the coexistence of the multiple reconstructions and the fractional change of each reconstruction by the thermodynamic condition were predicted and were in agreement with the previous experimental observations. This work provides the community with a useful framework for such type of theoretical studies.
Interleukin-33 promotes inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis via ST2/TRAF6-mediated Akt/eNOS/NO signalling pathway
Authors: Han Longhui , Zhang Minglian , Liang Xu , Jia Xin , Jia Jinchen , Zhao Miying , Fan Yiming 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe interplay between inflammation and lymphangiogenesis is mediated by various cytokines. However, most of these molecules and their associated mechanism are yet to be defined. Here, we explored the role of IL-33 in modulating inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis (ILA) and its underlying mechanisms using an ILA mouse model and a lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) line. Our results show that IL-33 promoted the proliferation, migration and tube formation of LECs and ILA in vivo. The pro-lymphangiogenic activity of IL-33 was abolished by ST2 blockage. In mechanisms, IL-33 induced the phosphorylation of Akt/eNOS to produce NO in LECs. The IL-33-induced Akt/eNOS activation was suppressed by the PI3K-specific-inhibitor wortmannin, and NO-production was inhibited by both wortmannin and the NO synthase-inhibitor NMA. Knock-down of ST2 or TRAF6 suppressed Akt/eNOS phosphorylation and NO production. The reduction of NO treated with wortmannin or NMA abolished the promoting effects of IL-33 on the chemotactic motility and tube formation of HDLECs. In vivo, IL-33-induced ILA was also impaired in eNOS−/− mice. In conclusion, our study is the first to show that IL-33 promotes inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis via a ST2/TRAF6-mediated Akt/eNOS/NO signalling pathway. This findings may provide us more opportunities to treat inflammation and lymphangiogenesis associated diseases.
Early X chromosome inactivation during human preimplantation development revealed by single-cell RNA-sequencing
Authors: Moreira de Mello Joana C. , Fernandes Gustavo R. , Vibranovski Maria D. , Pereira Lygia V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn female mammals, one X chromosome is transcriptionally inactivated (XCI), leading to dosage compensation between sexes, fundamental for embryo viability. A previous study using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data proposed that female human preimplantation embryos achieve dosage compensation by downregulating both Xs, a phenomenon named dampening of X expression. Using a novel pipeline on those data, we identified a decrease in the proportion of biallelically expressed X-linked genes during development, consistent with XCI. Moreover, we show that while the expression sum of biallelically expressed X-linked genes decreases with embryonic development, their median expression remains constant, rejecting the hypothesis of X dampening. In addition, analyses of a different dataset of scRNA-seq suggest the appearance of X-linked monoallelic expression by the late blastocyst stage in females, another hallmark of initiation of XCI. Finally, we addressed the issue of dosage compensation between the single active X and autosomes in males and females for the first time during human preimplantation development, showing emergence of X to autosome dosage compensation by the upregulation of the active X chromosome in both male and female embryonic stem cells. Our results show compelling evidence of an early process of X chromosome inactivation during human preimplantation development.
A Novel Statistical Method to Diagnose, Quantify and Correct Batch Effects in Genomic Studies
Authors: Nyamundanda Gift , Poudel Pawan , Patil Yatish , Sadanandam Anguraj 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGenome projects now generate large-scale data often produced at various time points by different laboratories using multiple platforms. This increases the potential for batch effects. Currently there are several batch evaluation methods like principal component analysis (PCA; mostly based on visual inspection), and sometimes they fail to reveal all of the underlying batch effects. These methods can also lead to the risk of unintentionally correcting biologically interesting factors attributed to batch effects. Here we propose a novel statistical method, finding batch effect (findBATCH), to evaluate batch effect based on probabilistic principal component and covariates analysis (PPCCA). The same framework also provides a new approach to batch correction, correcting batch effect (correctBATCH), which we have shown to be a better approach to traditional PCA-based correction. We demonstrate the utility of these methods using two different examples (breast and colorectal cancers) by merging gene expression data from different studies after diagnosing and correcting for batch effects and retaining the biological effects. These methods, along with conventional visual inspection-based PCA, are available as a part of an R package exploring batch effect (exploBATCH; https://github.com/syspremed/exploBATCH).