bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug‐Induced Differential Gene Expression Analysis on Nanoliter Droplet Microarrays: Enabling Tool for Functional Precision Oncology
Authors: El Khaled EL Faraj Razan , Chakraborty Shraddha , Zhou Meijun , Sobol Morgan , Thiele David , Shatford‐Adams Lilly M , Correa Cassal Maximiano , Kaster Anne‐Kristin , Dietrich Sascha , Levkin Pavel A. , Popova Anna A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDrug‐induced differential gene expression analysis (DGEA) is essential for uncovering the molecular basis of cell phenotypic changes and understanding individual tumor responses to anticancer drugs. Performing high throughput DGEA is challenging due to the high cost and labor‐intensive multi‐step sample preparation protocols. In particular, performing drug‐induced DGEA on cancer cells derived from patient biopsies is even more challenging due to the scarcity of available cells. A novel, miniaturized, nanoliter‐scale method for drug‐induced DGEA is introduced, enabling high‐throughput and parallel analysis of patient‐derived cell drug responses, overcoming the limitations and laborious nature of traditional protocols. The method is based on the Droplet Microarray (DMA), a microscope glass slide with hydrophilic spots on a superhydrophobic background, facilitating droplet formation for cell testing. DMA allows microscopy‐based phenotypic analysis, cDNA extraction, and DGEA. The procedure includes cell lysis for mRNA isolation and cDNA conversion followed by droplet pooling for qPCR analysis. In this study, the drug‐induced DGEA protocol on the DMA platform is demonstrated using patient‐derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. This methodology is critical for DGEA with limited cell numbers and promise for applications in functional precision oncology. This method enables molecular profiling of patient‐derived samples after drug treatment, crucial for understanding individual tumor responses to anticancer drugs.
Cosmic‐Ray Radiation Effects on Ibuprofen Tablet Formulation Inside and Outside of the International Space Station
Authors: Tran Quy Don , Spooner Nigel , Geoghehan Sean , Thavarajah Shanjaye Raj , Rahman Shamaun , Tran Nam Nghiep , Williams Philip Michael , Jarquin Sandra Martinez , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Davey Kenneth , Buell Jeff , Shumbera Mark , Gittleman Mark , Clements Twyman , Stoudemire Jana , Fisk Ian , Hessel Volker 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn extreme environments people will have different needs for medicine(s), making it crucial to understand how such environments affect drug efficacy. Ibuprofen, commonly used in tablet formulation on Earth, could fail in space despite standard pharmaceutical packaging. We introduce the concept of ‘space medicines’, where solid‐dosage forms protect the pharmaceutical from accelerated degradation in spaceflight. We simulate dose(s) in International Space Station (ISS) through radionuclide and photon experiments, and establish the impact of alpha, beta and gamma rays. We demonstrate that tablet formulation protects from impact of alpha and beta rays; however, gamma rays decompose ibuprofen even when ‘masked’. We systematically analyse 19 tablet compositions inside and outside the ISS to determine the effect of compositional changes in the tablet matrix. We confirm that the iron oxide‐shielded tablets show minimal degradation (〈10%) inside the ISS, compared to moderate reductions (〉10%) for other formulations, with one exception. The tablets exhibited significantly greater ibuprofen degradation (〉 30‐50%) outside ISS, due to harsh conditions. Significantly, we found that flavour have shielding potential by scavenging free radicals. We conclude that ibuprofen efficacy is adversely affected in space, and these effects are expected to worsen on missions to deeper space destinations.
Research on the Evolution of Defects Initiation and the Diffusion of Dopant on the Si/SiO2 Interface
Authors: Yang Yunqi , Chen Dongdong , Li Di , Zhao Tianlong , Zhang Weida , Qiao Wen , Liang Yingjie , Yang Yintang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSi/SiO2 interfaces, important parts of Si‐based devices, significantly influence the performance of Si‐based devices. However, owing to the impact of the external environment, related defects are generated, and the dopant can diffuse and redistribute, causing a series of parasitic effects that reduce the lifespan of the devices. In this paper, recent investigations on the mechanisms of interface defect initiation and dopant diffusion are systematically reviewed. At the Si/SiO2 interface, Pb‐type center defects are identified, including Pb, Pb0, and Pb1 center defects. Near the interface, E’ center defects are identified, and H‐related defects are also formed. In addition, dopant ions are introduced in the Si/SiO2 interface to improve the conductivity. However, during the oxidation process, the dopant ions can diffuse and redistribute at the interface. Investigations of the dopant diffusion mechanism, modeling, and dopant pile‐up are reviewed in this paper. Comparisons and discussions of the initial mechanism of defects, structures of defects, and dopant diffusion mechanisms are presented to provide valuable guidance for improving the performance and extending the lifespan of Si/SiO2 interfaces. Finally, an outlook is presented, including improving the models of interface defects to better protect against local strains and multienvironment impacts, and developing 3D detection technology for dopants.
A Novel Parylene C Waveguide‐Based High‐Resolution Photonic Tactile Array Sensor
Authors: Zhang Yufan , Reddy Jay , Chamanzar Maysamreza , Yuan Wenzhen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent advances in manufacturing technology and new material processes have enabled novel device designs. As the growing field of robotic tactile sensing calls for advanced tactile sensors, waveguide‐based tactile sensors have shown promising mechanisms but system‐level integrated solutions are needed to demonstrate their feasibility for sensor applications. In this work, a novel ultra‐compact high‐resolution tactile sensor based on asymmetric Mach‐Zehnder interferometers (MZI) is proposed: PITS (Photonic Integrated Tactile Sensor). It is made from Parylene C waveguides using the Parylene photonic material platform. The sensor is composed of a 4 × 4 array of MZI sensing units and demonstrates multipoint contact sensing as well as shape detection with high sensitivity and low inter‐unit crosstalk. The sensing unit is based on multimode interference mechanism explored with supplementary mechanical and optical simulation models. It demonstrates a 0.08 N dynamic range with <0.01 N force resolution, 7.59 signal‐to‐noise ratio and an average hysteresis of 7.7% over 10 repeated indents. The sensor is fabricated in two layers: a Parylene photonic layer and an align‐bonded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropillar layer on top, which actuates the sensing units. This architecture features a design and fabrication pipeline that allows customizable sensitivity and dynamic range as well as scalable array designs.
Dual‐Modal Sensing Skin Adaptive to Daylight, Darkness, and Ultraviolet Light for Simultaneous Full‐Field Deformation Measurement and Mechanoluminescence Responses
Authors: Timilsina Suman , Jo Cheol Woo , Lee Kwang Ho , Sohn Kee‐Sun , Kim Ji Sik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMechanoluminescence (ML) and digital image correlation (DIC) have emerged as promising optical methods to visualize and measure deformation fields. In this study, a dual‐modal sensing skin, called the ML‐DIC skin is introduced, that is capable of emitting ML and facilitating DIC measurements under various lighting conditions, including daylight, night or darkness, and UV irradiation. Four ML‐DIC skins are fabricated with or without carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using a composite powder consisting of SrAl2O4: Eu,Dy (SAO), and acrylic resin, with CNT milling times of 48, 72, and 96 h for three of four skins, respectively. DIC measurements are performed under multiple lighting conditions for measuring photoluminescence, persistence luminescence, and reflection. Uniaxial tension tests demonstrate the superior performance of ML‐DIC skins with CNTs compared with pristine SAO skins, with the skin subjected to 48 h of CNT dispersion exhibiting optimal performance. Further investigations focus on ML emission and DIC measurements near the crack‐tip vicinity of static and propagating cracks as well as on surfaces above subsurface cracks. The integration of ML and DIC techniques offers a versatile approach for comprehensive deformation analysis applicable to diverse environments, with implications for materials science, engineering, and structural health monitoring.
DFT Study in an Asymmetric Organocatalytic Homologation: Mechanism, Origin of Stereoselectivity
Authors: Wang Yang , Wei Donghui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the present study, the mechanism, origin of stereoselectivity, and role of catalyst of the organocatalytic homologation reaction between phenyl boronate and trifluoromethyl diazomethane have been theoretically investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Based on the calculations, the in situ generated ethanol plays significant role in triggering the reaction. Moreover, the [1,2]‐boron migration process is the stereoselectivity‐determining step, with the S‐configured isomer being generated predominantly. In addition, NCI analysis is performed to disclose the origin of stereoselectivity.
Potential of observing the diameter of the optic nerve sheath using computed tomography in diagnosing high intracranial pressure in patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea
Authors: Li Shunke , Zhang Zengxiao , Zhao Huijuan , Li Xuehui , Wang Lin , Zhang Jisheng , Han Lin , Yan Xudong , Jiang Liwei , Wei Zhaoxia , Yu Longgang , Jiang Yan 
Published: October 2024

Key points
Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (sCSFR) is often accompanied by an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP).
The widening of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is an indicator of increased ICP.
Using CT to measure ONSD is a simple and noninvasive auxiliary method for determining high ICP in sCSFR patients.
Carbon Nanoparticle Oxidation by NO2 and O2: Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Pathways
Authors: Berkemeier Thomas , Pöschl Ulrich 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarbon nanoparticle interactions with gases are central to many environmental and technical processes, but the underlying reaction kinetics and mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we investigate the oxidation and gasification of carbon nanoparticles by NO2 and O2 under combustion exhaust conditions. We build on a comprehensive experimental data set and use a kinetic multilayer model (KM‐GAP‐CARBON) to trace the uptake and release of gas molecules alongside the temporal evolution of particle size and surface composition. The experimental results are captured by a model mechanism that involves different types of carbon atoms (edge/plane‐like) and the formation of a reactive oxygen intermediate (activated CO complex) as the rate‐limiting step. A transition between distinct chemical regimes driven by NO2 at lower temperatures and O2 at higher temperatures is reflected by an increase in the observable activation energy from
60 kJ/mol to
130 kJ/mol. We derive energy profiles for three alternative reaction pathways that involve uni‐ or bimolecular decomposition of reactive oxygen intermediates.
Matrix‐Emission‐Assisted Photochromism Enables Dual‐Field Color‐Changing Modulations
Authors: Zhu Hengli , Zhang Jiaping , Wang Panqin , Lyu Shaoxing , Lin Hengwei , Du Jiaren 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTrap‐related inorganic photochromic materials coupled with regulated luminescence have attracted extensive interest due to their great potential in optoelectronic devices, optical memory, and multiple anti‐counterfeiting applications. Combining photochromism with luminescence modulations enables the light‐driven reversible manipulation of optical information in both dark and bright fields. However, photochromism induced luminescence modulation is still restricted to monochromatic visualization with only emission intensity variations. To this end, the limitation of the common single‐wavelength modulation is overcome by integrating the matrix (Sr2YGaO5) and dopant (Sm3+) emissions mutually together to achieve wavelength variations. Color‐changing emission is identified with a large Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage chromatic coordinate difference. The compatible coexistence of matrix/rare‐earth emission centers together with abundant photo‐active traps contributes to the superior optical integration and matrix‐emission‐assisted photochromism enables a distinct color variation in dual fields. This work provides a good example of designing one single material with color changeable characteristics in both bright and dark fields.
A frequency domain fractional order tilted integral derivative controller design for fractional order time delay processes
Authors: K Gnaneshwar , Trivedi Rishika , Sharma Sudeep , Padhy Prabin Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn real‐time processes, time delays are inherent due to various factors, such as delays in volume, mass, and information transfer, leading to a deterioration in process performance and stability. Therefore, this paper proposes a fractional‐order tilted integral derivative (TID) controller design for stable and unstable fractional‐order processes with time delay, where the optimal controller parameters are designed using a deterministic approach. An inner loop controller is designed using stability analysis and a graphical approach for unstable fractional‐order time delay processes. The proposed approach offers flexibility and fine‐tuning in designing the controller for a specific application. A systematic reference to the disturbance ratio is carried out to assess the disturbance handling capacity of the proposed controller. It shows the sensitivity of the designed controller against disturbances in the frequency spectrum graphically. Numerous performance indices and time‐domain parameters are computed and compared with state‐of‐the‐art techniques to analyze the efficacy. Furthermore, it is validated on the experimental setup of a four‐tank system. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms recent techniques in terms of process control and disturbance rejection.
Association Between Serum Galectin‐3 and Parkinson's Disease: A Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Pan Rui , Li Wei , Wang Jinyuan , Xie Jiarong , Weng Xiucan , Yang Ying , Shi Xiaolei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder with poor prognosis. Observational studies have demonstrated a significant correlation between serum galectin‐3 and PD, suggesting a potential role of galectin‐3 as a biomarker for PD. However, it is still unclear whether galectin‐3 contributes to the risk of the disease.MethodsA two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was used in this study. Genetic instruments for serum galectin‐3 level were selected from a genome‐wide association study (GWAS), including 30,931 European individuals. Summary‐level statistics for PD were derived from another published GWAS, including 33,674 cases and 449,056 controls. Primary analysis was conducted using the inverse‐variance weighting (IVW) method. Weighted median, MR‐Egger, simple mode, weighted mode, and MR‐pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR‐PRESSO) methods were used as complementary analyses. To detect heterogeneity, Cochran's Q statistic and leave‐one‐out analysis were used. For testing potential horizontal pleiotropy, the MR‐Egger intercept test and MR‐PRESSO global test were conducted.ResultsMR analysis using IVW model (OR 1.112, 95% CI 1.025–1.206, p = 0.010), weighted median (OR 1.135, 95% CI 1.037–1.242, p = 0.006), weighted mode (OR 1.142, 95% CI 1.038–1.257, p = 0.030), and MR‐PRESSO (OR 1.112, 95% CI 1.046–1.182, p = 0.012) presented a consistent result, indicating that increased serum galectin‐3 was associated with a higher risk of PD. No heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was detected in the analyses.ConclusionsThe study shows a suggestive association between galectin‐3 and PD. Increasing serum galectin‐3 was associated with an increase in PD risk. Galectin‐3 may play an important role in the causal pathway to PD.
The Activation of PKM2 Induces Pyroptosis in Hippocampal Neurons via the NLRP3/Caspase‐1/GSDMD Pathway in Neonatal Rats With Hypoxic‐Ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Sha Sha , Jin Ni , Zhou Ruiyu , Ruan Yanghao , Ouyang Ying 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe presence of hypoxic‐ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonates triggers a strong neuroinflammatory reaction. Pyroptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism associated with inflammation, plays a crucial role in HIBD. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) plays a significant role in connecting metabolic processes and inflammatory responses, but whether it affects hippocampus pyroptosis in HIBD is unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of PKM2 in HIBD and to propose a novel therapeutic approach for neonatal ischemic‐hypoxic encephalopathy.MethodsIn this study, we employed neonatal 7‐day‐old Sprague Dawley rats to establish a model of HIBD using the Rice–Vannucci surgical technique and a hypoxia device. To inhibit the elevation of PKM2, we utilized the PKM2 inhibitor shikonin. The rats were categorized into four groups: Sham, Shikonin, HIBD, and Shikonin + HIBD. Behavioral tests, hematoxylin eosin staining, immunofluorescence staining, ELISA (IL‐1β, IL‐18), and LDH were conducted in each group to evaluate neurological function, hippocampal damage, the occurrence of neuronal pyroptosis, and the neuroinflammation. Western blot was used to assess the expression levels of PKM2, NLRP3, Caspase‐1, Cleaved Caspase‐1, GSDMD, GSDMDN, and IL‐1β.ResultsThe expression of PKM2 elevated in hippocampal tissues of the HIBD model and the localization of PKM2 in the hippocampus was activated in neurons instead of microglia during the HIBD. Meanwhile, the inhibition of PKM2 improved the behavioral test scores and the body weight of rats, the neuronal damage in the CA1 region of hippocampal tissue was also attenuated. In addition, inhibiting PKM2 alleviated neuronal pyroptosis by decreasing the expression of PKM2, NLRP3, Caspase‐1, Cleaved Caspase‐1, GSDMD, GSDMDN. Furthermore, serum levels of LDH and inflammatory factors IL‐1β and IL‐18 decrease with PKM2 inhibition.ConclusionsBased on these findings, we can conclude that PKM2 plays a crucial role in regulating hippocampal neuronal pyroptosis of HIBD rats via NLRP3/Caspase‐1/GSDMD pathway. Therefore, inhibiting PKM2 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neonatal ischemic‐hypoxic encephalopathy.
Patterns and predictors of opioid dispensing among older cancer patients from 2008 to 2015
Authors: Chen Yingxi , Shin Yei‐Eun , Spillane Susan , Shiels Meredith S. , Coghill Anna E. , Enewold Lindsey , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Freedman Neal D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding factors associated with opioid dispensing in cancer patients is important for developing tailored guidelines and ensuring equitable access to pain management. We examined patterns and predictors of opioid dispensing among older cancer patients from 2008 to 2015.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database linked to Medicare claims. We included the most common cancer types among patients aged 66–95 years. Opioids dispensed within 30 days before and 120 days after cancer diagnosis were assessed. We used logistic regression models to examine trends, adjusted odds ratios (aORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for opioid dispensing, considering patient demographics, geography, cancer stage, comorbidities, and treatment options. Models were stratified by sex.ResultsA total of 211,759 cancer patients aged 66–95 years were included in the study. For cancers combined, non‐Hispanic Black men had a significantly lower odds of receiving opioids during the 120 days post‐diagnosis (aOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84–0.94) compared to non‐Hispanic White men. Factors such as pre‐diagnosis opioid dispensing, age, geography, cancer stage, comorbidities, and type of cancer treatment were associated with opioid dispensing during the 120 days post‐diagnosis. Surgery had the strongest association, with men undergoing surgery being 4.4 times more likely to receive opioids within 120 days post‐diagnosis (aOR = 4.41, 95% CI = 4.23–4.60), while women had an odds ratio of 2.72 (95% CI = 2.62–2.83). Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were also positively associated with opioid dispensing, with less pronounced estimates.ConclusionsWe observed significant variations in opioid dispensing among cancer patients aged 66‐95 years across cancer types and demographic and clinical factors.
Psychotherapist personal therapy as a pathway towards relationally oriented practice
Authors: Råbu Marit , McLeod John , Moltu Christian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThe experience of being a patient has been regarded as one of the principal means through which psychotherapists' skills and personal qualities have been nurtured. While it has been hard to demonstrate the effects of therapist personal therapy on patient outcomes, qualitative studies suggest that many practitioners regard personal therapy as highly valuable. The aim of this study was to explore the meaning of personal therapy in relation to a broader contextual understanding of therapist life experience and practice.MethodIn‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 mid‐career therapists and analysed using a hermeneutic, phenomenologically informed thematic approach.FindingsParticipants typically reported that they had received therapy prior to entering training in order to address symptoms and/or life problems. In addition, many had been in therapy at later points in their life, as part of training programmes. The experience of an accepting and authentic therapy relationship has helped them to become more generous towards others and more able to set boundaries. Expressing vulnerability in a patient role made them feel safer in prioritising presence with their own patients. They also reflected that their therapist became a useful internalised point of reference and that disappointments in their therapies had sensitised them to what can be hurtful for patients. These themes are examined in relation to findings from analyses of how these therapists interacted with their own patients. Implications are discussed for understanding the contribution of personal therapy to therapist development, and in relation to the conduct of therapy outcome research as a whole.
A case report of cardiac rehabilitation in coronary artery aneurysm combined with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Feng Xin‐di , Ma Zi‐lin , Huang Jia‐ying , Tang Jing‐yi , Wei Yi‐hong 
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical MessageCoronary artery aneurysm (CAA), marked by diffuse or localized dilation of artery, can cause life‐threatening complications in acute coronary syndrome. This report presents a case of CAA combined with acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction, successfully treated with cardiac rehabilitation exercise therapy, offering insights for clinical practice.
Experiences in a study abroad utilizing deliberate psychological education
Authors: Robertson Derek , Stumpf Mica , Interiano‐Shiverdecker Claudia G. , Santillan Sofia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFaculty‐led study abroad programs promote professional and personal development for counseling students. Through interpretive phenomenological analysis, we explored how Latine bilingual counseling students (N = 7) experienced a study abroad utilizing Deliberate Psychological Education. We organized findings into three themes that spoke to cultural immersion, presence and validation, and connections.