bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex spatiotemporal evolution of the 2008 Mw 4.9 Mogul earthquake swarm (Reno, Nevada): Interplay of fluid and faulting
Authors: Ruhl C. J. , Abercrombie R. E. , Smith K. D. , Zaliapin I. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAfter approximately 2 months of swarm‐like earthquakes in the Mogul neighborhood of west Reno, NV, seismicity rates and event magnitudes increased over several days culminating in an Mw 4.9 dextral strike‐slip earthquake on 26 April 2008. Although very shallow, the Mw 4.9 main shock had a different sense of slip than locally mapped dip‐slip surface faults. We relocate 7549 earthquakes, calculate 1082 focal mechanisms, and statistically cluster the relocated earthquake catalog to understand the character and interaction of active structures throughout the Mogul, NV earthquake sequence. Rapid temporary instrument deployment provides high‐resolution coverage of microseismicity, enabling a detailed analysis of swarm behavior and faulting geometry. Relocations reveal an internally clustered sequence in which foreshocks evolved on multiple structures surrounding the eventual main shock rupture. The relocated seismicity defines a fault‐fracture mesh and detailed fault structure from approximately 2–6 km depth on the previously unknown Mogul fault that may be an evolving incipient strike‐slip fault zone. The seismicity volume expands before the main shock, consistent with pore pressure diffusion, and the aftershock volume is much larger than is typical for an Mw 4.9 earthquake. We group events into clusters using space‐time‐magnitude nearest‐neighbor distances between events and develop a cluster criterion through randomization of the relocated catalog. Identified clusters are largely main shock‐aftershock sequences, without evidence for migration, occurring within the diffuse background seismicity. The migration rate of the largest foreshock cluster and simultaneous background events is consistent with it having triggered, or having been triggered by, an aseismic slip event.
Genomics implicates adaptive and innate immunity in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases
Authors: Gagliano Sarah A. , Pouget Jennie G. , Hardy John , Knight Jo , Barnes Michael R. , Ryten Mina , Weale Michael E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesWe assessed the current genetic evidence for the involvement of various cell types and tissue types in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases, especially in relation to the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of neurodegenerative diseases.MethodsWe obtained large‐scale genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We used multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, as a positive control. We applied stratified LD score regression to determine if functional marks for cell type and tissue activity, and gene‐set lists were enriched for genetic heritability. We compared our results to those from two gene‐set enrichment methods (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and enrichr).ResultsThere were no significant heritability enrichments for annotations marking genes active within brain regions, but there were significant heritability enrichments for annotations marking genes active within cell types that form part of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. We found this for MS (as expected) and also for AD and PD. The strongest signals were from the adaptive immune system (e.g., T cells) for PD, and from both the adaptive (e.g., T cells) and innate (e.g., CD14: a marker for monocytes, and CD15: a marker for neutrophils) immune systems for AD. Annotations from the liver were also significant for AD. Pathway analysis provided complementary results.InterpretationFor AD and PD, we found significant enrichment of heritability in annotations marking gene activity in immune cells.
Growth references for Tsimane forager‐horticulturalists of the Bolivian Amazon
Authors: Blackwell Aaron D. , Urlacher Samuel S. , Beheim Bret , von Rueden Christopher , Jaeggi Adrian , Stieglitz Jonathan , Trumble Benjamin C. , Gurven Michael , Kaplan Hillard 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesGrowth standards and references currently used to assess population and individual health are derived primarily from urban populations, including few individuals from indigenous or subsistence groups. Given environmental and genetic differences, growth may vary in these populations. Thus, there is a need to assess whether international standards are appropriate for all populations, and to produce population specific references if growth differs. Here we present and assess growth references for the Tsimane, an indigenous population of Bolivian forager‐horticulturalists.MethodsMixed cross‐sectional/longitudinal anthropometrics (9,614 individuals; 30,118 observations; ages 0–29 years) were used to generate centile curves and Lambda‐Mu‐Sigma (LMS) tables for height‐for‐age, weight‐for‐age, body mass index (BMI)‐for‐age, and weight‐for‐height (WFH) using Generalized Additive Models for Location Shape and Scale (GAMLSS). Velocity curves were generated using SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR). Tsimane ≤5 years were compared to World Health Organization (WHO) standards while those >5 years were compared to WHO school age references. All ages were compared to published references for Shuar forager‐horticulturalists of the Ecuadorian Amazon.ResultsTsimane growth differs from WHO values in height and weight, but is similar for BMI and WFH. Tsimane growth is characterized by slow height velocity in childhood and early adolescent peak height velocity at 11.3 and 13.2 years for girls and boys. Tsimane growth patterns are similar to Shuar, suggesting shared features of growth among indigenous South Americans.ConclusionsInternational references for BMI‐for‐age and WFH are likely appropriate for Tsimane, but differences in height‐for‐age and weight‐for‐age suggest Tsimane specific references may be useful for these measures.
Growth and decay of a two‐dimensional oxide quasicrystal: High‐temperature in situ microscopy
Authors: Förster Stefan , Flege Jan Ingo , Zollner Eva Maria , Schumann Florian Otto , Hammer Rene , Bayat Alireza , Schindler Karl‐Michael , Falta Jens , Widdra Wolf 
Published: November 2016

The recently discovered two‐dimensional oxide quasicrystal (OQC) derived from BaTiO3 on Pt(111) is the first material in which a spontaneous formation of an aperiodic structure at the interface to a periodic support has been observed. Herein, we report in situ low‐energy electron microscopy (LEEM) studies on the fundamental processes involved in the OQC growth. The OQC formation proceeds in two steps via of an amorphous two‐dimensional wetting layer. At 1170 K the long‐range aperiodic order of the OQC develops. Annealing in O2 induces the reverse process, the conversion of the OQC into BaTiO3 islands and bare Pt(111), which has been monitored by in situ LEEM. A quantitative analysis of the temporal decay of the OQC shows that oxygen adsorption on bare Pt patches is the rate limiting step of this dewetting process.image
Improving the flame‐retardant efficiency of aluminum hydroxide with fullerene for high‐density polyethylene
Authors: Pan Yanqun , Han Ligang , Guo Zhenghong , Fang Zhengping 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe influence of fullerene (C60) on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/aluminum hydroxide (ATH) composites was studied. After the addition of three portions of C60to an HDPE–ATH (mass ratio = 100:120) composite, a V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 vertical combustion test was achieved, and the limiting oxygen index increased by about 2%. The results of cone testing also showed that the addition of C60effectively extended the time to ignition and the time to maximum heat‐release rate while cutting down the peak heat‐release rate. Thus, fewer flame retardants were needed to achieve a satisfactory flame retardance. Consequently, the adverse effects on the mechanical properties because of the high level of flame‐retardant loading was reduced, as evidenced by the obvious enhancements in the tensile strength, elongation at break, and flexural strength. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy proved that C60was an efficient free‐radical scavenger toward HO· radicals. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that in both N2and air atmospheres, C60increased the onset temperature of the matrix by about 10 °C because of its enormous capacity to absorb free radicals evolved from the degradation of the matrix to form crosslinked network, which was covered by aluminum oxide. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 44551.
Comb‐like polymer with sulfo groups and its dispersion and rheological properties in aqueous ceramic suspensions
Authors: Zhu Yinhui , Fang Ying , Min Yahong , Huang Xiaojun , Li Wensheng , Yuan Jianmin , Wang Shuangyin , Wu Zhenjun 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTTwo types of new comb‐like polymers were formed as dispersants for aqueous ceramic suspensions with isoprenyloxy poly(ethylene glycol ether), acrylic acid, maleic anhydride as the main starting materials. During the synthesis, one comb‐like polymer introduced sodium methylallyl sulfonate (SMAS) into the reaction media, whereas the other did not. The chemical structure and molecular weight were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The effects of the polymers on the dispersion, ζ potential and rheological properties of the kaolin suspensions are discussed in detail. The results indicate that SMAS facilitated chain transfer, controlled the effective charge density of the surface, and increased the electrostatic repulsion force. The kaolin suspensions displayed shear‐thinning behavior on the basis of the electrostatic and steric effects of the comb‐like polymers. The apparent viscosity decreased from 1088 to 258 mPa s with the assistance of the SMAS‐prepared comb‐like polymer as a dispersant. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44563.
Lasing transition at 1.06 μm emission in Nd3+‐doped borate‐based tellurium calcium zinc niobium oxide glasses for high‐power solid‐state lasers
Authors: Ravi O. , Prasad K. , Jain Rajiv , Venkataswamy M. , Chaurasia Shivanand , Deva Prasad Raju B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe spectroscopic properties of Tellurium Calcium Zinc Niobium oxide Borate (TCZNB) glasses of composition (in mol%) 10TeO2 + 15CaO + 5ZnO + 10 Nb2O5 + (60 – x)B2O3 + Nd2O3 (x = 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mol%) have been investigated experimentally. The three phenomenological intensity parameters Ω2, Ω4, Ω6 have been calculated using the Judd–Ofelt theory and in turn radiative properties such as radiative transition probabilities, emission cross‐sections, branching ratios and radiative lifetimes have been estimated. The trend found in the JO intensity parameter is Ω2 > Ω6 > Ω4 If Ω6 > Ω4, the glass system is favourable for the laser emission 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 in the infrared (IR) wavelength. The experimental values of branching ratio of 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 transition indicate favourable lasing action with low threshold power. The evaluated total radiative transition probabilities (AT), stimulated emission cross‐section (σe) and gain bandwidth parameters (σe × Δλp) were compared with earlier reports. An energy level analysis has been carried out considering the experimental energy positions of the absorption and emission bands.
Simultaneous detection of sulfoxaflor and its metabolites, X11719474 and X11721061, in lettuce using a modified QuEChERS extraction method and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kim Sung‐Woo , Rahman Md. Musfiqur , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Kabir Md. Humayun , Na Tae Woong , Choi Jeong‐Heui , Shin Ho‐Chul , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn analytical method has been developed to quantify the residual levels of sulfoxaflor and its metabolites (X11719474 and X11721061) in/on cultivated lettuce grown under greenhouse conditions. Samples were extracted and purified using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe ‘QuEChERS’ method (original version) following systematic method optimization and were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Good linearity with coefficient of determination ≥0.9930 was obtained and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were in the ranges of 0.003–0.006 and 0.01–0.02 mg/kg, respectively. The recovery rates of both the parent compound and its metabolites (fortified at 10 and 50× the LOQ) estimated from six replicates ranged between 81.9 and 115.5% with a relative standard deviation <12%. The validated method was applied to field‐incurred samples (collected over 7 days) sprayed once or twice with a water‐dispersible granule formulation. Notably, a substantial reduction in rate was observed after 3 days and the half‐life was short, only 1.5 days. The developed method is simple and versatile and can be used for various leafy vegetables.
Verifying the frequency ratios in the musical scale of just intonation with “hear‐and‐see” learning tools
Authors: Pejuan Arcadi 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIn engineering colleges, Acoustics often includes the musical scale topic, which is not very popular with most engineering students. In order to face this situation, this paper presents two alternative or complementary “hear‐and‐see” learning tools for the musical scale of just intonation. The first one combines the hearing of musical notes from an electric organ with the display on an oscilloscope from which the frequency ratios are inferred. Alternatively, the frequencies are computed in advance on the basis of the theoretical frequency ratios, and an audio editor allows to hear the resulting notes, while the PC screen can display similar graphs to those on the oscilloscope. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:5–14, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21771
National trends in incidence and survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Norway for 1953–2012: a systematic analysis of population‐based data
Authors: Lenartova Andrea , Johannesen Tom Børge , Tjønnfjord Geir Erland 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia is a disease of the elderly, and despite major advances in treatment, remains incurable. The Cancer Registry of Norway has registered data on patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia since 1953. We aimed to analyze trends in incidence and survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Norway. We identified 7664 patients reported with chronic lymphocytic leukemia to the registry between 1953 and 2012. We gathered information on sex, age at diagnosis, date of death and basis for diagnosis. The age‐standardized incidence increased from 0.6/100.000 person‐years in 1953 to 3.1/100,000 person‐years in 2012. We found a significant decrease in median age between 1993–2002 and 2003–2012 (75 vs. 72 years, 95%CI: 2.52–3.98, P < 0.001). Men were diagnosed at a significantly younger age than women. Immunophenotyping has become the most important diagnostic method after 2002. Median observed survival increased from 3 years in 1952–1963 to 8.5 years in 2003–2012. Five‐ and 10‐year age‐standardized net survival increased throughout the whole period across age groups and reached 79% and 57%, respectively. Median observed survival was significantly shorter in men than in women in 1993–2002 (4.9 vs. 6.1 years, P < 0.001). The gap between survival rates for men and women was diminishing in 2003–2012 in patients younger than 60 years while it remained considerable in older patients. Despite an aging Norwegian population, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients become younger at diagnosis. A fourfold increase in incidence, a prolonged survival, and major changes in diagnostic methods in Norway were observed.
Peptoid Efficacy against Polymicrobial Biofilms Determined by Using Propidium Monoazide‐Modified Quantitative PCR
Authors: Luo Yu , Bolt Hannah L. , Eggimann Gabriela A. , McAuley Danny F. , McMullan Ronan , Curran Tanya , Zhou Mei , Jahoda Professor Colin A. B. , Cobb Steven L. , Lundy Fionnuala T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBiofilms containing Candida albicans are responsible for a wide variety of clinical infections. The protective effects of the biofilm matrix, the low metabolic activity of microorganisms within a biofilm and their high mutation rate, significantly enhance the resistance of biofilms to conventional antimicrobial treatments. Peptoids are peptide‐mimics that share many features of host defence antimicrobial peptides but have increased resistance to proteases and therefore have better stability in vivo. The activity of a library of peptoids was tested against monospecies and polymicrobial bacterial/fungal biofilms. Selected peptoids showed significant bactericidal and fungicidal activity against the polymicrobial biofilms. This coupled with low cytotoxicity suggests that peptoids could offer a new option for the treatment of clinically relevant polymicrobial infections.
Isomeric Detergent Comparison for Membrane Protein Stability: Importance of Inter‐Alkyl‐Chain Distance and Alkyl Chain Length
Authors: Cho Kyung Ho , Hariharan Parameswaran , Mortensen Jonas S. , Du Yang , Nielsen Anne K. , Byrne Bernadette , Kobilka Brian K. , Loland Claus J. , Guan Lan , Chae Pil Seok 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMembrane proteins encapsulated by detergent micelles are widely used for structural study. Because of their amphipathic property, detergents have the ability to maintain protein solubility and stability in an aqueous medium. However, conventional detergents have serious limitations in their scope and utility, particularly for eukaryotic membrane proteins and membrane protein complexes. Thus, a number of new agents have been devised; some have made significant contributions to membrane protein structural studies. However, few detergent design principles are available. In this study, we prepared meta and ortho isomers of the previously reported para‐substituted xylene‐linked maltoside amphiphiles (XMAs), along with alkyl chain‐length variation. The isomeric XMAs were assessed with three membrane proteins, and the meta isomer with a C12 alkyl chain was most effective at maintaining solubility/stability of the membrane proteins. We propose that interplay between the hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) and alkyl chain length is of central importance for high detergent efficacy. In addition, differences in inter‐alkyl‐chain distance between the isomers influence the ability of the detergents to stabilise membrane proteins.
Response Profiling Using Shotgun Proteomics Enables Global Metallodrug Mechanisms of Action To Be Established
Authors: Kreutz Dominique , Bileck Andrea , Plessl Kerstin , Wolrab Denise , Groessl Michael , Keppler Bernhard K. , Meier Samuel M. , Gerner Christopher 
Published: November 2016

AbstractResponse profiling using shotgun proteomics for establishing global metallodrug mechanisms of action in two colon carcinoma cell lines, HCT116 and SW480, has been applied and evaluated with the clinically approved arsenic trioxide. Surprisingly, the complete established mechanism of action of arsenic trioxide was observed by protein regulations in SW480, but not HCT116 cells. Comparing the basal protein expression in the two cell lines revealed an 80 % convergence of protein identification, but with significant expression differences, which in turn seem to affect the extent of protein regulation. A clear‐cut redox response was observed in SW480 cells upon treatment with arsenic, but hardly in HCT116 cells. Response profiling was then used to investigate four anti‐cancer metallodrugs (KP46, KP772, KP1339 and KP1537). Proteome alterations were mapped to selected functional groups, including DNA repair, endocytosis, protection from oxidative stress, protection from endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress, cell adhesion and mitochondrial function. The present data suggest that knowledge of the mechanism of action of anti‐cancer metallodrugs and improved patient stratification strategies are imperative for the design of clinical studies.
RhII‐Catalyzed β‐C(sp2)−H Alkylation of Enol Ethers, Enamides and Enecarbamates with α‐Diazo Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: McLarney Brett D. , Cavitt Marchello A. , Donnell Theodore M. , Musaev Djamaladdin G. , France Stefan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA RhII‐catalyzed method for intermolecular alkylation of the β‐C(sp2)−H bond of enol ethers, enamides, and enecarbamates with α‐diazo‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds is reported. The products are formed in up to 99 % yield and can be readily derivatized under a variety of conditions. By utilizing a combination of experimental and computational studies, the presumptive addition–elimination reaction mechanism was investigated and found to proceed under thermodynamic control at higher temperature. The acquired fundamental knowledge was translated into a strategic reaction design and yielded the first example of the β‐C−H functionalizations of acyclic enol ethers using α‐diazo‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds.
A Zirconium Macrocyclic Metal–Organic Framework with Predesigned Shape‐Persistent Apertures
Authors: Chen Teng‐Hao , Popov Ilya , Miljanić Ognjen Š. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA microporous metal–organic framework (MOF) was synthesized from [Zr6O4(OH)4(C6H5COO)12] clusters and a triacid ligand based on a shape‐persistent arylene ethynylene macrocycle. This framework, dubbed Zr‐MCMOF, is held together by metal–ligand coordination and multiple weak interactions: hydrogen bonding, [π⋅⋅⋅π] stacking, and [C−H⋅⋅⋅π] interactions. The rigid ligand has a 9 Å‐wide central void, which serves as a predesigned aperture for the 1D channels; all of the porosity of Zr‐MCMOF comes from the ligand. The resulting framework possesses high hydrolytic and thermal stability and a flexible structure unique among Zr‐based MOFs.
Photochemical Reduction of CO2 with Visible Light Using a Polyoxometalate as Photoreductant
Authors: Haviv Eynat , Shimon Linda J. W. , Neumann Ronny 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe photochemical reduction of CO2 to CO requires two electrons and two protons that, in the past, have been derived from sacrificial amine donors that are also non‐innocent in the catalytic cycle. Towards the realization of a water‐splitting reaction as the source of electrons and protons for CO2 reduction, we have found that a reduced acidic polyoxometalate, H5PWV2W10O40, is a photoactive electron and proton donor with visible light through excitation of the intervalence charge‐transfer band. Upon linking the polyoxometalate to a dirhenium molecular catalyst, a cascade of transformations occurs where the polyoxometalate is electrochemically reduced at a relatively low negative potential of 1.3 V versus Ag/AgNO3 and visible light, a 60 W tungsten lamp, or a red LED is used to transfer electrons from the polyoxometalate to the dirhenium catalyst active for the selective reduction of CO2 to CO.