bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serial Daily Organ Failure Assessment Beyond ICU Day 5 Does Not Independently Add Precision to ICU Risk-of-Death Prediction
Authors: Holder Andre L. , Overton Elizabeth , Lyu Peter , Kempker Jordan A. , Nemati Shamim , Razmi Fereshteh , Martin Greg S. , Buchman Timothy G. , Murphy David J. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
To identify circumstances in which repeated measures of organ failure would improve mortality prediction in ICU patients.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study, with external validation in a deidentified ICU database.

Setting:
Eleven ICUs in three university hospitals within an academic healthcare system in 2014.

Patients:
Adults (18 yr old or older) who satisfied the following criteria: 1) two of four systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria plus an ordered blood culture, all within 24 hours of hospital admission; and 2) ICU admission for at least 2 calendar days, within 72 hours of emergency department presentation.

Intervention:
None

Measurements and Main Results:
Data were collected until death, ICU discharge, or the seventh ICU day, whichever came first. The highest Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score from the ICU admission day (ICU day 1) was included in a multivariable model controlling for other covariates. The worst Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores from the first 7 days after ICU admission were incrementally added and retained if they obtained statistical significance (p < 0.05). The cohort was divided into seven subcohorts to facilitate statistical comparison using the integrated discriminatory index. Of the 1,290 derivation cohort patients, 83 patients (6.4%) died in the ICU, compared with 949 of the 8,441 patients (11.2%) in the validation cohort. Incremental addition of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment data up to ICU day 5 improved the integrated discriminatory index in the validation cohort. Adding ICU day 6 or 7 Sequential Organ Failure Assessment data did not further improve model performance.

Conclusions:
Serial organ failure data improve prediction of ICU mortality, but a point exists after which further data no longer improve ICU mortality prediction of early sepsis.
Upper-Limb Prostheses: Perspectives Involving the Veteran Population
Authors: Fantini Christopher , Yancosek Kathleen E. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Evidence-based practice has been described as the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. Clinical practice guidelines are statements of recommended practice based on a systematic review of the best available evidence and expert opinion. A systematic review evaluates research studies in a particular area and produces a summary of overall results. Recent publications to inform evidence-based prescription of upper-limb prostheses, including a 2014 systematic review of the differences in myoelectric and body-powered systems by Carey et al. showing a lack of empirical evidence. This lack of evidence makes it challenging to determine the most effective and appropriate prosthetic interventions for individuals with upper-limb amputations, including those who are veterans. There is, however, a substantial amount of practice-based evidence (expert opinion) available to help guide clinical care. In 2008, in response to the current and future need to advance the clinical care for veterans with amputation, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) rolled out its Amputation System of Care (ASoC) model. Its mission is to incorporate the latest practices in medical rehabilitation, including therapy services and prosthetic technology, to enhance the quality and consistency of amputation care for US veterans. Furthermore, the VA and Department of Defense (DoD) have collaborated to address the need for clinical guidance specifically regarding upper-limb amputation and rehabilitation with the 2014 publication of the “VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Upper Extremity Amputation Rehabilitation” (UEAR-CPG). The purpose of this paper is to introduce and describe the ASoC as well as the UEAR-CPG and offer perspectives of the authors in their respective roles as clinicians in each, the VA and the DoD environments.
MELD Stratified Outcomes Among Recipients With Diabetes or Hypertension
Authors: Singal Ashwani K. , Hasanin Mohsen , Kaif Mohamed , Wiesner Russell W. , Kuo Yong-Fang 
Published: September 2017

Background and Aim:
Data are scanty on allocating simultaneous liver kidney (SLK) based on model for end-stage disease (MELD) score. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are frequent in cirrhosis patients. We analyzed transplant recipients with DM and/or HTN to compare MELD-based outcomes of SLK to liver transplantation alone (LTA).

Materials and Methods:
Of 13,584 first deceased donor liver transplantation among patients with DM and/or HTN (1530 or 11.2% SLK), MELD score predicted SLK [1.02 (1.01-1.03)]. SLK was beneficial for 5-year patient survival at MELD score ≥43 (78.6% vs. 62.6%, P=0.017), but not at MELD score <29 (74.8% vs. 76.2%, P=0.63). Among 11,405 recipients (976 SLK) at MELD score <29, SLK (n=816) was beneficial compared with 706 LTA [75% vs. 64%, P<0.001; 0.71 (0.55-0.91)] at serum creatinine (SC) ≥2 but not at SC<2 [73% vs. 76%, P=0.32; 0.85 (0.60-1.2)]. Among patients with MELD score 29 to 42, SLK (n=484) and LTA (n=1403) had similar survival [69% vs. 69%, P=0.58; 0.9 (0.7-1.5)]. Among patients with MELD score ≥43, SLK (n=70) was associated with 35% improved patient survival at 5 years compared with 222 LTA [0.65 (0.46-0.93)].

Conclusions:
Among patients with DM and/or HTN, SLK is useful at: (a) MELD score <29 and SC≥2 and (b) MELD score ≥43. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings as basis to optimize use of SLK.
Increased Risk of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Children Treated With Vancomycin and Piperacillin/Tazobactam*
Authors: Holsen Maya R. , Meaney Calvin J. , Hassinger Amanda B. , Fusco Nicholas M. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
Compare the rates of acute kidney injury in critically ill children treated with vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam versus vancomycin and ceftriaxone.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
A large tertiary care children’s hospital in an urban setting.

Patients:
Children greater than or equal to 2 months old admitted to the PICU who received greater than or equal to 48 consecutive hours of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam or vancomycin and ceftriaxone.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Acute kidney injury was defined as a minimum 50% increase in serum creatinine, adjusted for total fluid balance, from baseline over a 48-hour period. Bivariate analysis compared treatment groups and acute kidney injury groups. A multivariable logistic regression model was fit for acute kidney injury including covariable analysis. The study included 93 children. There were no differences between treatment groups in terms of age, severity of illness, baseline renal function, vancomycin dosing, or vancomycin trough concentrations. Children who received vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam had a higher cumulative frequency of acute kidney injury than those who received vancomycin and ceftriaxone 915/58 [25.9%] vs 3/35 [8.6%]; p = 0.041). After controlling for vancomycin trough concentration, age, concurrent nephrotoxin exposure, and use of vasopressors, exposure to piperacillin-tazobactam significantly increased the risk of acute kidney injury (adjusted odds ratio, 4.55; 95% CI [1.11–18.7]; p = 0.035) compared with ceftriaxone. Use of vasopressors (adjusted odds ratio, 3.73 [95% CI, 1.14–12.3]) and a vancomycin trough greater than or equal to 15 mg/dL (adjusted odds ratio, 4.12 [95% CI, 1.12–15.2)] was also associated with acute kidney injury. Length of stay was longer in children with acute kidney injury (median, 18.0 days; interquartile range, 7.76–29.7) compared with those without acute kidney injury (median, 6.21 days; interquartile range, 2.92–15.6; p = 0.017).

Conclusions:
In critically ill children, acute kidney injury occurred more in patients treated with vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam versus vancomycin plus ceftriaxone. After controlling for covariates, exposure to piperacillin-tazobactam was associated with an increased odds of acute kidney injury development.
Propranolol 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Ciappuccini Renaud , Bardet Stéphane , Aide Nicolas 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A 76-year-old woman was referred for 18F-FDG PET/CT assessment of a colorectal cancer. A 9-cm 18F-FDG–avid fatty mass was depicted in the right thigh, suggesting either hibernoma or liposarcoma. Because MRI could not rule out well-differentiated liposarcoma, and biopsy was difficult, surveillance was decided. Follow-up PET/CT showed an increase of 18F-FDG uptake in the fatty mass. We repeated PET/CT after oral administration of 60 mg of propranolol 1 hour before 18F-FDG injection. A dramatic decrease in 18F-FDG uptake was observed, strongly supporting the diagnosis of hibernoma.
Crohn Disease
Authors: Epelboym Yan , Shyn Paul B. , Chick Jeffrey Forris Beecham , Hamilton Matthew J. , O'Connor Stacy D. , Silverman Stuart G. , Kim Chun K. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
Clinical assessments of Crohn disease activity are limited in their capacity to assess treatment response to biologic therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine if changes in FDG activity between baseline PET and repeat PET performed prior to the second dose of induction anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy correlate with clinical response.

Methods
In this prospective, institutional review board–approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant pilot study of 8 adult patients with active Crohn disease, FDG activity before and 2 weeks after initiation of anti-TNF therapy was assessed using low-dose PET/CT. FDG activity was measured in the most inflamed bowel loop using an SUVratio (SUVmax/liver SUVmean). Changes in SUVratio were compared with a blinded gastroenterologist assessment of clinical response and steroid-free remission, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), during a 12-month follow-up period.

Results
Of 8 patients, 7 showed FDG activity decline at 2 weeks, 5 of whom achieved a clinical response and steroid-free remission at 8, 26, and 52 weeks. The remaining 2 patients with FDG activity decline did not achieve a clinical response or steroid-free remission at these time points, but there were reductions in CRP. The 1 patient without FDG activity decline was a clinical nonresponder, had no reduction in CRP, and did not achieve steroid-free remission.

Conclusions
A change in FDG activity at FDG PET/CT performed prior to the second induction dose of anti-TNF therapy has the potential to predict clinical response and steroid-free remission in patients with Crohn disease.
Outcomes of Consistent Conservative Management for Acute Cholecystitis Followed by Delayed Cholecystectomy
Authors: Komatsu Shohei , Tsuchida Shinobu , Wakahara Tomoyuki , Ueno Nozomi , Toyokawa Akihiro , Watanabe Akihiko , Sugahara Atsushi , Mukai Hidekazu 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
This study’s objective was to assess outcomes of a totally conservative strategy for acute cholecystitis (AC) followed by delayed elective cholecystectomy.

Patients and Methods:
Consecutive patients who underwent cholecystectomy for AC were divided into the Emergent and Elective cholecystectomy groups. Patients in the elective cholecystectomy group were divided into early, medium, and late groups according to time from symptoms onset.

Results:
The success rate for conservative management reached 97.2%. Increased blood loss and a higher conversion rate were significantly associated with the emergent group. Patients in the late group had significantly lower operative time and tended to have lower blood loss and less frequent conversion to open surgery than those in the early and medium groups.

Conclusions:
Most AC cases could be managed conservatively, and elective cholecystectomy was performed safely regardless of the time. Elective cholecystectomy carried out in late phase was likely to be associated with decreased surgical difficulty.
Time Regained: How the Human Brain Constructs Memory for Time
Authors: Cohn-Sheehy Brendan I. , Ranganath Charan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLife’s episodes unfold against a context that changes with time. Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed significant findings about how specific areas of the human brain may support the representation of temporal information in memory. A consistent theme in these studies is that the hippocampus appears to play a central role in representing temporal context, as operationalized in neuroimaging studies of arbitrary lists of items, sequences of items, or meaningful, lifelike events. Additionally, activity in a posterior medial cortical network may reflect the representation of generalized temporal information for meaningful events. The hippocampus, posterior medial network, and other regions—particularly in prefrontal cortex—appear to play complementary roles in memory for temporal context.HighlightsThe hippocampus encodes information about temporal contiguity, order, and event structure.Posterior medial cortical areas represent order across meaningfully coherent events.Prefrontal and subcortical contributions to temporal memory deserve further study.
Standing Sentinel during Human Sleep: Continued Evaluation of Environmental Stimuli in the Absence of Consciousness
Authors: Blume Christine , del Giudice Renata , Wislowska Malgorzata , Heib Dominik P. J. , Schabus Manuel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWhile it is a well-established finding that subject’s own names (SON) or familiar voices are salient during wakefulness, we here investigated processing of environmental stimuli during sleep including deep N3 and REM sleep. Besides the effects of sleep depth we investigated how sleep-specific EEG patterns (i.e. sleep spindles and slow oscillations [SOs]) relate to stimulus processing. Using 256-channel EEG we studied processing of auditory stimuli by means of event-related oscillatory responses (de-/ synchronisation, ERD/ERS) and potentials (ERPs) inN= 17 healthy sleepers. We varied stimulus salience by manipulating subjective (SON vs. unfamiliar name) and paralinguistic emotional relevance (familiar vs. unfamiliar voice, FV/UFV). Results reveal that evaluation of voice familiarity continues during all NREM sleep stages and even REM sleep suggesting a ‘sentinel processing mode’ of the human brain in the absence of wake-like consciousness. Especially UFV stimuli elicit larger responses in a 1-15 Hz range suggesting they continue being salient. Beyond this, we find that sleep spindles and the negative slope of SOs attenuate information processing. However, unlike previously suggested they do not uniformly inhibit information processing, but inhibition seems to be scaled to stimulus salience.FundingCB is supported by the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. and CB, MW and DPJH are supported by a grant from the Austrian Science Fund FWF (Y-777). CB, RdG, MW and DPJH are also supported by the Doctoral College “Imaging the Mind” (FWF; W1233-G17).
PauparLncRNA Promotes KAP1 Dependent Chromatin Changes And Regulates Subventricular Zone Neurogenesis
Authors: Pavlaki Ioanna , Alammari Farah , Sun Bin , Clark Neil , Sirey Tamara , Lee Sheena , Woodcock Dan J , Ponting Chris P , Szele Francis G , Vance Keith W 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTMany long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed during central nervous system (CNS) development, yet theirin vivoroles and molecular mechanisms of action remain poorly understood.Paupar, a CNS expressed lncRNA, controls neuroblastoma cell growth by binding and modulating the activity of genome-wide transcriptional regulatory elements. We show here thatPaupartranscript directly binds KAP1, an essential epigenetic regulatory protein, and thereby regulates the expression of shared target genes important for proliferation and neuronal differentiation.Pauparpromotes KAP1 chromatin occupancy and H3K9me3 deposition at a subset of distal targets, through formation of a DNA binding ribonucleoprotein complex containingPaupar, KAP1 and the PAX6 transcription factor.Paupar-KAP1 genome-wide co-occupancy reveals a 4-fold enrichment of overlap betweenPauparand KAP1 bound sequences. Furthermore, bothPauparand Kap1 loss of functionin vivoaccelerates lineage progression in the mouse postnatal subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cell niche and disrupts olfactory bulb neurogenesis. These observations provide important conceptual insights into thetrans-acting modes of lncRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation, the mechanisms of KAP1 genomic recruitment and identifyPauparandKap1as regulators of SVZ neurogenesis.
Exploring the use of labor and delivery services by women of Haitian nationality in a Dominican Republic border town
Authors: Nelson Adrianne Katrina , Fenwood Marguerite , Burks Courtney , Widner Alexandre , Bah Assiatou B. , Ternier Ralph , F. Franke Molly 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
Women of Haitian nationality comprise a sizeable proportion of all women seeking labor and delivery services in a public hospital in Dominican Republic (DR), along the central border of Haiti. The purpose of this paper is to better understand and address the needs of Haitian women receiving labor and delivery services in this border region.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a mixed-methods study to identify personal motivations, demographic characteristics, and migration history of women seeking labor and delivery services at a public hospital.

Findings
The majority of women (83 percent) were born in Haiti but spoke Spanish (74 percent) and were long-term residents of the DR (mean 7.8 years). While many women reported they felt they had a positive experience delivering at the public hospital, some described feeling unwelcome or resented.

Research limitations/implications
The study sample was small and from one hospital. Future studies could explore the differences in experiences among Haitian women who are long-term residents of the DR and those whose presence is more transient.

Practical implications
Women residing on both sides of the border would likely benefit from coordinated efforts by the Haitian and DR Ministries of Health to strengthen referral services to and from either country.

Social implications
Hospital staff and services in the DR should consider the unique needs of this population, which makes critical contributions to workforce and culture in the DR.

Originality/value
This study is the first to assess labor and delivery service seeking practices and experiences within this population.
Evaluating electronic journal use and access among academic staff at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe
Authors: Malapela Thembani , de Jager Karin 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore issues around access and use of subscription electronic journals by African researchers and seeks to bring to the fore the issues academics and researchers face in accessing electronic databases.

Design/methodology/approach
Donor-funded electronic resources have greatly improved access to essential scientific scholarly information by researchers in developing countries. Yet in Sub-Saharan Africa, researchers and libraries still complain about lack of access to scientific information, and libraries are reported to be struggling to maintain up-to-date scientific information resources. An online survey of academics at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe was carried out.

Findings
Results indicated that academics rely on approaches other than library facilities to locate electronic information. Google was the most common approach used in locating subscription electronic journals. Furthermore, there was a need for increased awareness of subscription and donated resources. Programmes such as Research4Life, journal schemes by Education Information for Libraries and the International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications have made an impact on academics’ access to electronic journals. The study established that there was no direct link between access to electronic journals and increased publications.

Originality/value
Work of this kind has not been done in Africa before. The exploration of the complexities inherent in providing access to electronic journals in a developing country presents an opportunity for both librarians and developmental partners to reflect on the challenges as well as the opportunities that exist in current electronic journal access schemes.
Different phylogenetic and environmental controls of first‐order root morphological and nutrient traits: Evidence of multidimensional root traits
Authors: Wang Ruili , Wang Qiufeng , Zhao Ning , Xu Zhiwei , Zhu Xianjin , Jiao Cuicui , Yu Guirui , He Nianpeng 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Although fine roots are essential for the water and nutrient uptake of plants, there is limited understanding of root trait variation and the underlying mechanism.

Here, six first‐order root morphological and chemical traits were measured for 181 species from eight subtropical and boreal forests to test the hypothesis of different phylogenetic and environmental regulations of root morphological and nutrient traits result in the multidimensions of root traits.

Two independent root trait dimensions between root thickness and nutrient traits were detected at both species and community levels. At the species level, diameter‐related traits were mainly restricted by phylogenetic structure and showed little plasticity to the changing environments, whereas the variation in woody root nutrient was influenced significantly by soil variables. For community‐level traits, the diameter‐related axis scores of principal component analysis were mainly driven by mean annual temperature through shifting species composition, whereas the root nutrient‐related axis scores were strongly influenced by soil P availability.

From both species and community levels, our study confirms, that the root‐thickness‐related dimension and root nutrient dimension represent new support for the multidimensionality of root traits which are driven by different selection pressure. This study also underlines that the community‐aggregated traits might serve as a promising avenue to improve our understanding of community assemblage processes, allowing us to predict changes of vegetation distributions in a changing climate.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Is This What The Democratic City Looks Like? Local Democracy, Housing Rights and Homeownership in the Portuguese Context
Authors: Drago Ana 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article analyses the creation of a normative framework for the democratic city during the regime change in Portugal in 1975—the answers that were given to the question, ‘What should a city be like in a democratic regime?’ While I critically discuss post‐democracy and its use of post‐foundational contributions, I review the post‐revolution Portuguese constitutional debate, contending that the call for democratization brought by urban popular organizations was answered with a political compromise that exchanged expectations of a participatory city for a commitment to a social rights city, enhanced with a promise of homeownership for urban popular segments. In light of this, in this article I question post‐democratic proposals, arguing that when this approach implicitly establishes equivalence between democracy and ‘the political’, it has difficulties in interpreting how the grammar of democracy is ‘organized’ in conflictual and contingent processes of democratic institutionalization. As an alternative, I contend that a critical debate concerning democracy and the urban must address how democratic expectations of emancipation have been translated into institutions and rights through interwoven and situated processes of politicization and depoliticization that allow both politicization of the urban and the production of consent.