bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell-Assisted Lipotransfer Improves Volume Retention in Irradiated Recipient Sites and Rescues Radiation-Induced Skin Changes
Authors: Luan Anna , Duscher Dominik , Whittam Alexander J. , Paik Kevin J. , Zielins Elizabeth R. , Brett Elizabeth A. , Atashroo David A. , Hu Michael S. , Lee Gordon K. , Gurtner Geoffrey C. , Longaker Michael T. , Wan Derrick C. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Radiation therapy is not only a mainstay in the treatment of many malignancies but also results in collateral obliteration of microvasculature and dermal/subcutaneous fibrosis. Soft tissue reconstruction of hypovascular, irradiated recipient sites through fat grafting remains challenging; however, a coincident improvement in surrounding skin quality has been noted. Cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL), the enrichment of fat with additional adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) from the stromal vascular fraction, has been shown to improve fat volume retention, and enhanced outcomes may also be achieved with CAL at irradiated sites. Supplementing fat grafts with additional ASCs may also augment the regenerative effect on radiation-damaged skin. In this study, we demonstrate the ability for CAL to enhance fat graft volume retention when placed beneath the irradiated scalps of immunocompromised mice. Histologic metrics of fat graft survival were also appreciated, with improved structural qualities and vascularity. Finally, rehabilitation of radiation-induced soft tissue changes were also noted, as enhanced amelioration of dermal thickness, collagen content, skin vascularity, and biomechanical measures were all observed with CAL compared to unsupplemented fat grafts. Supplementation of fat grafts with ASCs therefore shows promise for reconstruction of complex soft tissue defects following adjuvant radiotherapy.
LIM Homeobox Domain 2 Is Required for Corneal Epithelial Homeostasis
Authors: Sartaj Rachel , Chee Ru-ik , Yang Jing , Wan Pengxia , Liu Aihong , Guaiquil Victor , Fuchs Elaine , Rosenblatt Mark I. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The cornea requires constant epithelial renewal to maintain clarity for appropriate vision. A subset of stem cells residing at the limbus is primarily responsible for maintaining corneal epithelium homeostasis. Trauma and disease may lead to stem cell deficiency and therapeutic targeting to replenish the stemness capacity has been stalled by the lack of reliable corneal epithelial stem cell markers. Here we identified the location of Lhx2 in mice (mLhx2) cornea and conjunctival tissue using an Lhx2eGFP reporter model and in human tissues (hLHX2). Lhx2 localized to the basal cells of central cornea, the conjunctiva and the entire limbal epithelium in humans and mice. To ascribe a functional role we generated Lhx2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice and the phenotypic effects in corneas were analyzed by slit lamp microscopy, in cell-based assays and in a model of corneal epithelium debridement. Immunodetection on corneal sections were used to visualize conjunctivalization, a sign of limbal barrier failure. Lhx2cKO mice produced reduced body hair and spontaneous epithelial defects in the cornea that included neovascularization, perforation with formation of scar tissue and opacification. Cell based assays showed that Lhx2cKO derived corneal epithelial cells have a significantly lower capacity to form colonies over time and delayed wound-healing recovery when compared to wildtype cells. Repeated corneal epithelial wounding resulted in decreased re-epithelialization and multiple cornea lesions in Lhx2cKO mice compared to normal recovery seen in wildtype mice. We conclude that Lhx2 is required for maintenance of the corneal epithelial cell compartment and the limbal barrier.
Brief Report: Common Genetic Variation in Chromosome 10 q22.1 Shows a Strong Sex Bias in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines and Directly Controls the Novel Alternative Splicing of Human NODAL which is Associated with XIST Expression in Female Cell Lines
Authors: Findlay Scott D. , Postovit Lynne-Marie 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The potential use of pluripotent stem cells for personalized regenerative medicine necessitates an improved understanding of how germ-line genetic variation may affect pluripotency. Given previous reports of a female bias in established human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines, sex-specific differences must also be considered. Herein we describe, for the first time, how genetic polymorphisms may affect the establishment of widely used hESC lines. We demonstrate that the minor allele of the human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2231947 found within the NODAL gene locus is under-represented in male but not female hESC lines. We also show that this SNP is highly functional in hESC lines. The SNP rs2231947 directly controls the alternative splicing of a novel NODAL transcript isoform. Thus we demonstrate that genetic variation drastically affects the expression of a gene that plays a major role in the regulation of pluripotency and cell fate. Our work helps detail how genetic heterogeneity is manifested in hESC biology and highlights the need to identify how specific genetic variants can explain important differences between pluripotent cell line models both within and between species.
Viral chemistry: the chemical functionalization of viral architectures to create new technology
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Li Na , Li Shaobo , Dharmarwardana Madushani , Schlimme Anna , Gassensmith Jeremiah J 
Published: December 2015

The modification of viruses using chemical conjugation techniques has brought the distant worlds of virology right into the center of nanotechnology. Viruses are naturally resilient biomolecules and this makes them exceptional templates for the creation of higher order polymers and as scaffolds for biological imaging and targeted drug delivery. In this review, we highlight progress in utilizing chemical strategies to interface viruses with synthetic polymers, to create bright bionanoparticles using synthetic fluorescent dyes, and how orthogonal chemical transformations allow for targeted drug delivery. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:512–534. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1379This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures
Intraoperative mapping of sentinel lymph node metastases using a clinically translated ultrasmall silica nanoparticle
Authors: Bradbury Michelle S. , Pauliah Mohan , Zanzonico Pat , Wiesner Ulrich , Patel Snehal 
Published: December 2015

The management of regional lymph nodes in patients with melanoma has undergone a significant paradigm shift over the past several decades, transitioning from the use of more aggressive surgical approaches, such as lymph node basin dissection, to the application of minimally invasive sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy methods to detect the presence of nodal micrometastases. SLN biopsy has enabled reliable, highly accurate, and low‐morbidity staging of regional lymph nodes in early stage melanoma as a means of guiding treatment decisions and improving patient outcomes. The accurate identification and staging of lymph nodes is an important prognostic factor, identifying those patients for whom the expected benefits of nodal resection outweigh attendant surgical risks. However, currently used standard‐of‐care technologies for SLN detection are associated with significant limitations. This has fueled the development of clinically promising platforms that can serve as intraoperative visualization tools to aid accurate and specific determination of tumor‐bearing lymph nodes, map cancer‐promoting biological properties at the cellular/molecular levels, and delineate nodes from adjacent critical structures. Among a number of promising cancer‐imaging probes that might facilitate achievement of these ends is a first‐in‐kind ultrasmall tumor‐targeting inorganic (silica) nanoparticle, designed to overcome translational challenges. The rationale driving these considerations and the application of this platform as an intraoperative treatment tool for guiding resection of cancerous lymph nodes is discussed and presented within the context of alternative imaging technologies. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:535–553. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1380This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Postoperative Complications, In‐Hospital Mortality and 5‐Year Survival After Surgical Resection for Patients with a Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jilesen Anneke P. J. , van Eijck Casper H. J. , in’t Hof K. H. , van Dieren S. , Gouma Dirk. J. , van Dijkum Els J. M. Nieveen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStudies on postoperative complications and survival in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) are sparse and randomized controlled trials are not available. We reviewed all studies on postoperative complications and survival after resection of pNET. A systematic search was performed in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and EMBASE from 2000–2013. Inclusion criteria were studies of resected pNET, which described postoperative complications separately for each surgical procedure and/or 5‐year survival after resection. Prospective and retrospective studies were pooled separately and overall pooled if heterogeneity was below 75 %. The random‐effect model was used. Overall, 2643 studies were identified and after full‐text analysis 62 studies were included. Pancreatic fistula (PF) rate of the prospective studies after tumor enucleation was 45 %; PF‐rates after distal pancreatectomy, pancreatoduodenectomy, or central pancreatectomy were, respectively, 14–14–58 %. Delayed gastric emptying rates were, respectively, 5–5–18–16 %. Postoperative hemorrhage rates were, respectively, 6–1–7–4 %. In‐hospital mortality rates were, respectively, 3–4–6–4 %. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) of resected pNET without synchronous resected liver metastases were, respectively, 85–93 %. Heterogeneity between included studies on 5‐year OS in patients with synchronous resected liver metastases was too high to pool all studies. The 5‐year DSS in patients with liver metastases was 80 %. Morbidity after pancreatic resection for pNET was mainly caused by PF. Liver resection in patients with liver metastases seems to have a positive effect on DSS. To reduce heterogeneity, ISGPS criteria and uniform patient groups should be used in the analysis of postoperative outcome and survival.
Combined catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation and Watchman® left atrial appendage occlusion procedures: Five‐year experience
Authors: Phillips Karen P. , Walker Daniel T. , Humphries Julie A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundPatients with atrial fibrillation (AF) may benefit from undergoing concomitant interventions of left atrial catheter ablation and device occlusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA) as a two‐pronged strategy for rhythm control and stroke prevention. We report on the outcome of combined procedures in a single center case series over a 5‐year timeframe.MethodsNinety‐eight patients with non‐valvular AF and a mean CHA2DS2‐VASc score 2.6±1.0 underwent either first time, or redo pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedures, followed by successful implant of a Watchman® device.ResultsAll procedures were generally uncomplicated with a mean case time of 213±40 min. Complete LAA occlusion was achieved at initial implant in 92 (94%) patients. Satisfactory LAA occlusion was achieved in 100% of patients at 12 months, with a complete LAA occlusion rate of 86%. All patients discontinued oral anticoagulation. Persistent late peri‐device leaks were more frequently associated with device angulation or shoulder protrusion, and were associated with a significantly lower achieved device compression of 12±3% vs. 15±5% (p<0.01) than complete occlusion. One ischemic stroke was recorded over a mean follow‐up time of 802±439 days. Twelve months' freedom from detectable AF was achieved in 77% of patients.ConclusionsCombined procedures of catheter ablation for AF and Watchman® LAA implant appear to be feasible and safe, with excellent rates of LAA occlusion achieved and an observed stroke rate of 0.5% per year during mid‐term follow‐up. Incomplete occlusion was associated with lower achieved device compression and was more frequently associated with suboptimal device position.
GENERATIONAL ECONOMICS AND THE NATIONAL TRANSFER ACCOUNTS
Authors: D’albis Hippolyte , Moosa Dalal 
Published: December 2015

Abstract:This article provides a comprehensive picture of the National Transfer Accounts (NTA), a project that aims at measuring how people produce, consume, save, and share economic resources at every age. It stands today with a unique dataset that includes 47 countries from around the world, permitting a comparative understanding of economic flows within and between generations and over time.
Rabies archaeologorum
Authors: Olsen Olaf 
Published: December 2015

This paper falls a little outside the normal scope of a paper for the Chateau Gaillard conference. It may not even be a paper, but—to use contemporary language—rather an anti-paper. Possibly, it will shock some of the audience. If so, I would like to say that such people need the shock.The paper will not bring news from excavations, neither any new interpretations nor suggestions for new excavations. On the contrary, it deals with what should be left unexcavated. I intend to advance the opinion that generally too much is too ruthlessly excavated in places where the archaeological remains are not threatened by destruction.This last phrase is the important one. It is evident that where archaeological sites are going to be removed anyhow due to construction of new roads, building activities or whatever may be the cause, it will always be an act of merit to squeeze every piece of archaeological information out of them by excavation beforehand. Therefore, the points of view advanced in this paper do not comprise rescue operations, but only the excavation of sites protected by the law, or by considerate owners, and consequently not exposed to any immediate danger of removal or other destructive activities.
The Cerne Abbas Giant: the documentary evidence
Authors: Bettey J. H. 
Published: December 2015

In his account of the changes made to the figure of the Cerne Giant by successive cleanings and restorations during the period 1764–1980, Leslie Grinsell refers to the curious lack of documentary references to the Giant before the middle of the eighteenth century, and also makes it clear that, because of the alterations to the figure, dating on stylistic evidence must necessarily be very tentative (Grinsell, 1980). It is the purpose of this article to review some of the major sources of information relating to Cerne Abbas and to consider this remarkable absence of any mention of the Giant. The complete silence of all the documentary sources is of course totally negative evidence and cannot of itself disprove the existence of the Giant; there is no reason why he should have been mentioned in many of the documents since he lay on no boundary and provided no incom	e for landowners or their tenants. But the total absence of any reference in all the numerous documents of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries must raise a doubt as to whether the figure was there at all; at least it seems likely that the grass had been allowed to grow over him during the later Middle Ages and that he was not re-cut until after the mid-seventeenth century, and a re-cut figure might bear only a vague resemblance to the original, particularly if this had been covered by grass for many years.
A guide to new anticoagulant medications for ENT surgeons
Authors: Bajalan M , Biggs T C , Jayaram S , Mainwaring J , Salib R 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectives:This study aimed to ascertain otolaryngologists’ current knowledge of new (e.g. apixaban, rivaroxaban) and old (e.g. warfarin) anticoagulant medications, and to provide an educational overview of new anticoagulants for use by surgeons.Methods:A questionnaire survey was distributed across the Wessex region, UK, to ascertain the levels of knowledge of and confidence in managing patients taking various anticoagulants. In total, 50 questionnaires were completed (41 by trainees and 9 by consultants). A literature review of new anticoagulant medications was then conducted.Results:In general, there was poor clinical and pharmacokinetic knowledge of newly licensed anticoagulant medications. Respondents were more confident in the use of older vs newer forms of anticoagulants. This was true across all grades of doctors, but particularly at the senior level. All respondents stated that they would like to see an educational resource on anticoagulants.Conclusion:Knowledge of newly licensed anticoagulation medications is poor. This study has produced an educational resource for the management of anticoagulant agents. A thorough knowledge of these drugs is essential for the acute management of bleeding patients and in peri-operative surgical planning.
Diversification and niche adaptations of Nitrospina-like bacteria in the polyextreme interfaces of Red Sea brines
Authors: Ngugi David Kamanda , Blom Jochen , Stepanauskas Ramunas , Stingl Ulrich 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) of the genus Nitrospina have exclusively been found in marine environments. In the brine–seawater interface layer of Atlantis II Deep (Red Sea), Nitrospina-like bacteria constitute up to one-third of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences. This is much higher compared with that reported in other marine habitats (~10% of all bacteria), and was unexpected because no NOB culture has been observed to grow above 4.0% salinity, presumably due to the low net energy gained from their metabolism that is insufficient for both growth and osmoregulation. Using phylogenetics, single-cell genomics and metagenomic fragment recruitment approaches, we document here that these Nitrospina-like bacteria, designated as Candidatus Nitromaritima RS, are not only highly diverged from the type species Nitrospina gracilis (pairwise genome identity of 69%) but are also ubiquitous in the deeper, highly saline interface layers (up to 11.2% salinity) with temperatures of up to 52 °C. Comparative pan-genome analyses revealed that less than half of the predicted proteome of Ca. Nitromaritima RS is shared with N. gracilis. Interestingly, the capacity for nitrite oxidation is also conserved in both genomes. Although both lack acidic proteomes synonymous with extreme halophiles, the pangenome of Ca. Nitromaritima RS specifically encodes enzymes with osmoregulatory and thermoprotective roles (i.e., ectoine/hydroxyectoine biosynthesis) and of thermodynamic importance (i.e., nitrate and nitrite reductases). Ca. Nitromaritima RS also possesses many hallmark traits of microaerophiles and high-affinity NOB. The abundance of the uncultured Ca. Nitromaritima lineage in marine oxyclines suggests their unrecognized ecological significance in deoxygenated areas of the global ocean.
No Association Observed Between Blood Pressure Variability During the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke and In-Hospital Outcomes
Authors: Tziomalos Konstantinos , Giampatzis Vasilios , Bouziana Stella D. , Spanou Marianna , Kostaki Stavroula , Papadopoulou Maria , Angelopoulou Stella-Maria , Tsopozidi Maria , Savopoulos Christos , Hatzitolios Apostolos I. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Recent data suggest that blood pressure (BP) variability confers increased cardiovascular risk independently of BP. We aimed to evaluate the association between BP variability during the acute phase of ischemic stroke and the in-hospital outcome.

METHODS
We prospectively studied 608 consecutive patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke (39.5% males, age: 79.1±6.6 years). Variability in BP was assessed with the SD and with the coefficient of variation of systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) during the first 2 and the first 3 days of hospitalization. The outcome was assessed with dependency rates at discharge and with in-hospital mortality.

RESULTS
Patients who were dependent at discharge did not differ from patients who were independent in any index of BP variability. Independent predictors of dependency at discharge were age (relative risk (RR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.25, P &lt; 0.001), history of prior ischemic stroke (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.02–4.24, P = 0.04), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission (RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.44–1.86, P &lt; 0.001). Patients who died during hospitalization did not differ in any index of BP variability from patients who were discharged. DBP at admission was independently and directly associated with in-hospital mortality (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.09, P &lt; 0.001). Other independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were history of atrial fibrillation (RR 3.30, 95% CI 1.46–7.49, P = 0.004) and NIHSS at admission (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.13–1.23, P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Our data do not support the hypothesis of an association between BP variability and in-hospital outcomes among patients admitted for ischemic stroke.
CASSIS and SMIPS: promoter-based prediction of secondary metabolite gene clusters in eukaryotic genomes
Authors: Wolf Thomas , Shelest Vladimir , Nath Neetika , Shelest Ekaterina 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Secondary metabolites (SM) are structurally diverse natural products of high pharmaceutical importance. Genes involved in their biosynthesis are often organized in clusters, i.e., are co-localized and co-expressed. In silico cluster prediction in eukaryotic genomes remains problematic mainly due to the high variability of the clusters’ content and lack of other distinguishing sequence features.
Results: We present Cluster Assignment by Islands of Sites (CASSIS), a method for SM cluster prediction in eukaryotic genomes, and Secondary Metabolites by InterProScan (SMIPS), a tool for genome-wide detection of SM key enzymes (‘anchor’ genes): polyketide synthases, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and dimethylallyl tryptophan synthases. Unlike other tools based on protein similarity, CASSIS exploits the idea of co-regulation of the cluster genes, which assumes the existence of common regulatory patterns in the cluster promoters. The method searches for ‘islands’ of enriched cluster-specific motifs in the vicinity of anchor genes. It was validated in a series of cross-validation experiments and showed high sensitivity and specificity.
Availability and implementation: CASSIS and SMIPS are freely available at https://sbi.hki-jena.de/cassis.
Contact: thomas.wolf@leibniz-hki.de or ekaterina.shelest@leibniz-hki.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.