bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIX-26 Effectiveness of mineral supplementation during range grazing on mineral status in ewes
Authors: Spurling Ryan A , Petty Dillon C , Gasser Chad L , Christensen Morgan K , Heaton Andrew C , Thacker Eric T , Sweat Alexis , Violett Randall , Rood Kerry A , Thornton Kara J , Page Chad M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Mineral supplementation in the intermountain west region of the US may be necessary for maintenance of healthy flocks since important trace minerals are deficient in this region. However, rough terrain can make mineral supplementation challenging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the trace mineral status of ewes on range. We hypothesized that ewes with access to a mineral supplement would have decreased risk of mineral deficiency. In this study, ewes (n = 59) grazed four summer pastures on Cedar Mountain near Cedar City, Utah. Ewes between the ages of 1 and 6 yr of age were stratified by initial body weight (BW) = 87 kg ± 13 kg and breed [black face (BLF; Suffolk) and white face breeds (WF; Targhee, Rambouillet, and their crosses)] into two treatment groups 1) trace mineral supplement ad libitum (TRT; n = 7 BLF and 23 WF) or 2) no mineral supplement (CON; n = 15 BLF and 14 WF). All ewes received a diet of mixed alfalfa and triticale hay without mineral supplementation 30 d before the trial began. A SmartFeed (C-lock Inc.) was used to track individual animal mineral intake. Plasma samples were collected via jugular venipuncture at d 0, 34, 77, and 116. A clinical veterinarian from Utah State University performed liver biopsies at d 0 and 116 on a subset of ewes (n = 10). After the grazing season, plasma and liver samples were sent to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for analysis of Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn. The mixed procedure of SAS was used to analyze plasma mineral content with day as a repeated measure and individual ID as a random variable. The Glimmix procedure of SAS was used to analyze liver mineral content. Plasma Cu and Se increased (P ≤ 0.05) by day in all ewes throughout the grazing season. No differences related to treatment or breed (P &gt; 0.10) were observed for plasma Cu or Se concentrations. Plasma Mn and Zn decreased (P &lt; 0.0001) by 1.5 ppb and 0.4 ppm, respectively, between d 0 and 116 with no treatment effect (P &gt; 0.10). BLF ewes had 0.3 ppm (P = 0.01) greater plasma Mn concentrations than WF ewes, with no difference (P = 0.6) observed due to treatment. Hepatic Cu and Se increased (P ≤ 0.05) by 114 ppm and 1 ppm, respectively, between d 0 and 116. Hepatic Mn concentrations did not differ (P &gt; 0.10) by day or treatment. Hepatic Zn concentrations tended to increase by day (P = 0.07), 23 ppm between d 0 and 116. CON ewes had 28 ppm greater (P = 0.04) hepatic Zn concentrations than TRT ewes. Additional research is warranted to understand why CON had greater hepatic Zn concentrations than TRT, which may indicate that diverse rangeland forages may provide sufficient concentrations for sheep production in summer months.
PSIX-29 Effects of including sprouted barley in the diets of feeder lambs
Authors: Crump Zachary C , Thornton Kara J , Alberto Anthony F , Okamoto Lillian , Brown Bailee , Spurling Ryan A , Roholt Bryce W , Blackett Brady , Harding Rob , Ranathunga Sanjeewa , Page Chad M , Atkinson Jordan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Rapid global population growth is driving up the demand for animal protein, while urbanization and shifting weather patterns strain traditional agricultural methods. Controlled environment systems offer a solution by reducing land use and weather dependence. However, the effect of sprouted barley grown in such systems in the diets of feeder lambs remains uncertain. Western white face wether feeder lambs (n = 80) were stratified by body weight (BW; 40.9 ± 0.84 kg) into four different diet groups (n = 20/group). Diet groups consisted of a typical ration for the region as the control diet (CON) and diet groups with 10%, 20%, or 30% dry matter (DM) inclusion of sprouted barley (SB), replacing some rolled barley. On d 0, 30, and 58 BW and ruminal pH were measured, with BW also being assessed on d 15 and 65. Individual animal feed intakes and feeding behavior were measured throughout the trial using Vytelle technology, and averaged over designated time points on d 15, 30, 45, and 69. All animals were harvested at a commercial lamb abattoir and carcasses were camera graded on d 69. The PROC MIXED procedure of SAS was used to analyze all carcass traits. Day was used as a repeated measure to determine the main effect of diet for BW, dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency (gain to feed; G:F), ruminal pH and feeding behavior. It was observed that no diet × day (P = 0.99) or diet (P = 0.94) differences were observed in BW, but day (P &lt; 0.0001) did, observed by an increase (P &lt; 0.0001) in BW over time. No diet × day (P = 0.29) for DMI was observed. However, diet (P = 0.0006) and day (P = 0.004) both impacted DMI, such that DMI increased (P = 0.02) over time and DMI of all SB diets was less (P = 0.0001) than CON, with a maximum of a 12% reduction in DMI. Feed efficiency (G:F) was impacted by diet (P = 0.003), such that all SB diets had increased (P = 0.001) G:F compared with CON. Ruminal pH was impacted by diet × day (P = 0.02); however, each diet was within an acceptable range for ruminal pH. Both feed bouts and bunk visits had no diet × day (P = 0.99) but diet (P &lt; 0.0001) and day (P &lt; 0.005) impacted feed bouts and bunk visits described by SB having an overall increase in feed bouts and bunk visits compared with CON. No differences (P ≥ 0.17) in commercially measured carcass traits were observed. Findings from the present research suggest that incorporating SB into the diet of feeder lambs at levels of 10, 20, or 30% (DM) can enhance feed efficiency by lowering DMI. This enhancement is achieved while ensuring that desirable carcass characteristics are maintained, thereby offering potential benefits in a commercial lamb market. Further economic analysis needs to be done to determine the viability of these systems.
PSIX-24 Greater glucose transporter SLC2A1 expression in milk somatic cells as a compensatory milk production strategy in young prolific Pelibuey ewes
Authors: Felix-Portillo Monserrath , Armendariz-Rivas Ruth , Rodríguez-Almeida Felipe A , Buenabad-Carrasco Lorenzo , Castillo-Castillo Yamicela , Martinez-Quintana Jose A A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The number of lambs per birth expressed as prolificacy is a key trait that determines productive efficiency in sheep. However, the optimal litter size depends on the production system, since the milk production of the ewe impacts the postnatal development of lambs. Milk yield, in turn, is related to the expression of the SLC2A1 gene in mammary epithelial cells. This gene encodes the solute carrier/glucose transporter 1 and is upregulated in peak/mid lactation. To assess the productive efficiency of twinning ewes in regard to SLC2A1 expression, the objective of this study was to measure the mRNA levels of SLC2A1 in milk somatic cells (MSC) of Pelibuey ewes lambing twins. Healthy ewes (n = 8), three primiparous and five multiparous, were selected to quantify and compare abundance of SLC2A1 mRNA. Management was under feedlot conditions, and the milk samples were taken between 16 and 20 d post-lambing. Total RNA was purified from MSC and SLC2A1 mRNA abundance were measured by RT-qPCR, relative to β-actin as reference gene. The total birth weight (TBW) and weaning weight of their lambs were recorded, calculating the total weight of lamb weaned (TWLW). TBW, TWLW and relative expression of SLC2A1 were analyzed with PROC GLM of SAS, whereas the Pearson correlation coefficient between TWLW and relative expression of SLC2A1 was calculated using PROC CORR of SAS. Although there was no statistical difference in TBW (P = 0.13) and TWLW (P = 0.38) between lambing groups, a numerical difference was observed both in TBW (5.7 ± 0.54 and 6.9 ± 0.42) and in TWLW (21.5 ± 3.94 and 26.2 ± 3.05) for primiparous and multiparous, respectively. The abundance of SLC2A1 mRNA were 3.1-fold change (P = 0.0005) greater in MSC of primiparous ewes than in the multiparous ones (Figure 1). In multiparous ewes a positive correlation, r = 0.96 (P = 0.01) was found between TWLW and relative expression of SLC2A1. It is concluded that greater relative expression of SLC2A1 in young prolific ewes could be a compensatory mechanism to produce more milk to feed their lambs, even with a smaller udder volume. Such findings give way for further research on the subject.
PSIX-25 Sums and relationships of fatty acids of lamb meat fed with marine microalgae meal (Schizochytrium sp.) and vitamin E
Authors: de Valença Roberta Lima , Sobrinho Américo Garcia Silva , de Andrade Nomaiací , Almeida Marco Túlio Costa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The meat production chain, while seeking to reduce production costs, has been demanding in terms of quality, with growing consumer concern regarding the benefits and harms that meat can bring to health. In this sense, the composition of ruminant fat has been a concern for the community in general, due to it being mostly composed of saturated fatty acids (SFA), Supplementary sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the diet of ruminants are being researched, especially long-chain ones, such as those present in some species of marine microalgae; however, these fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation, and the use of an antioxidant is recommended, like vitamin E. Given the above, the objective of this work was to evaluate the concentrations and relationships of fatty acids in the meat of Ile de France lambs fed with marine microalgae meal (Schizochytrium sp.) and vitamin E. Newly weaned (n = 32), 60-d-old, intact Ile de France breed lambs, with body weight (BW) = 20.0 kg were randomly distributed into four treatments: CO: control diet; FA: diet with 4% seaweed meal; VE: diet with 1,000 mg of vitamin E; or FAVE: diet with 4% seaweed meal and 1,000 mg of vitamin E. The lambs were slaughtered at 35 kg BW and their meat was evaluated regarding the fatty acid profile, to then obtain concentration and relationships of fatty acids in lamb meat. The data were evaluated in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and eight replications, with the means of the analysis of variance compared using the Tukey test, with 5% significance. A greater (P &lt; 0.01) AGS and decreased AGI concentration were observed in the VE diet (51.47 and 48.53%, respectively), the greatest (P &lt; 0.01) AGI and monounsaturated (AGMI) concentrations, were observed in the CO diet, with 53.63 and 45.14%, respectively. The concentration of PUFA in the FA treatment was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in relation to the VE treatment and like the others (Table 1). The Σn–6 was greater in the CO treatment (7.44%) and less in the VE (4.22%), whereas the Σn–3 was 9.6 times greater (P &lt; 0.01) in the FA treatment (4. 04%) in relation to CO (0.42%), the AVEF treatment exhibited the second greatest values (2.63%), followed by VE (0.49%). The n-6:n-3 ratio was 14 times less (P &lt; 0.01) in the FA treatment (1.24) compared with CO (17.71), the second least value was in the FAVE (1.64), in the VE treatment, a ratio of 8.61 was observed. Seaweed flour from the genus Schizochytrium potentially increases concentration of n-3 in lamb meat and greatly reduces the n-6:n-3 ratio, resulting in a healthier food. Vitamin E, combined or not with a source of PUFA, does not bring benefits in terms of the fatty acid profile.
PSX-25 Performance, carcass, wholesale, and retail cuts yield of genetically improved entire or castrated crossbred lambs fed total rations under heat stress conditions
Authors: Llanos Dangeli , Almeyda-Domenech Camilo , Domenech Katherine , Fernandez John , Rodriguez Abner A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Lamb production in tropical areas is generally conducted with native animals in extensive grazing conditions on naturalized pastures under heat stress. Strategies to enhance productivity using genetically improved intact or castrated crossbred lambs fed with total ratios (TR) need to be evaluated. The performance of intact Dorset-Criollo (n = 10, EDSC, 20.48 kg), intact Dorper-Criollo (n = 8, EDPC, 20.58 kg) and castrated Dorper-Criollo (n = 4, CDPC, 18.40 kg) lambs fed a TR during the growing-finishing phase was evaluated. The TR contained 70% concentrate and 30% grass hay and was fed at 4% of lamb body weight (DMB) until slaughter (SBW, 38 to 40kg). During the trial lambs dry matter intake was recorded daily while weekly weights were taken to determine days on feed (DOF) to reach SBW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (FC). At slaughter, yields of hot (HCY) and cold (CCY) carcass, wholesale cuts (WSC) including neck (N), shoulder (SL), ribs 5-12 (RIBS), loin (LN) and leg (LG), and retail cuts (RTC) including shoulder chops (SCH), French chops (FCH), ribs (RS), back leg (BL) and shanks (SH) of lambs were determined. The WSC and RTC yield were determined as percentage of cold carcass weight. Performance data were analyzed as a randomized experimental (CRD) design over time. Carcass and cut yields data were analyzed as a CRD. LS-means were using for mean separation. Days on feed to reach SBW was less (P &lt; 0.05) in EDSC (107 d) and EDPC (102 d) than CDPC (123 d). The ADG was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in EDSC (215.0 g) and EDPC (189.0 g) than CDPC (167.6 g), but FC was similar (EDSC = 5.2, EDPC = 5.8, CDPC = 6.0). HCY and CCY were similar for EDSC (44.2% and 41.7%), EDPC (45.5% and 43.2%) and CDPC (46.1% and 43.2%). For WSC, N yield was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in EDSC (4.3%) than EDPC (3.8%) and CDPC (3.5%), but RIBS was less (18.9% vs 20.9% and 20.9%, respectively). Yields of SL, LN, and LG were similar for EDSC (31.9%, 12.5% and 33.5%), EDPC (30.7%, 12.2% and 33.9%) and CDPC (31.1%, 13.0% and 33.9%). For RTC, the yield of SCH was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in CDPC (26.6%) than EDPC (24.4%), but similar to EDSC (25.9%). FCH was less (P &lt; 0.05) in EDSP (11.8%) than EDPC (14.4%) and CDPC (15.2%). No differences in RS (EDSC 6.5%, EDPC 6.3%, CDPC 5.5%), BL (EDSC 28.9%, EDPC 29.2%, CDPC 29.0%), and SH (EDSC 7.0%, EDPC 7.3%, CDPC 7.4%) were detected. In summary, castration decreases performance of genetically improved lambs as evidenced by longer DOF to reach SBW and lower ADG than intact animals, but did not influence carcass yield. Differences in WSC and RTC yield were observed among genetic groups and animal type.
PSVII-29 The Nebraska Beef Industry Scholars Program develops employability skills and improves career development
Authors: McCarthy Kacie L , Karr Lisa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Nebraska Beef Industry Scholars (NBIS) program is designed to bring elite undergraduate students together to learn more about issues that affect beef production, network with industry leaders, and develop leadership skills in the beef industry. Therefore, our objectives were to better understand how prepared the NBIS students are for a career related to beef cattle post-graduation by completing a survey. The procedures of the survey were reviewed and approved by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln’s Institutional Review Board (IRB #19684). The assessment was provided to graduates of the program via an email list provided by the college. The survey was sent to 78 students who completed the NBIS program (certificate or minor) between 2010 and 2018 in the Animal Science Department at University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Survey results were summarized and means and standard deviations were calculated for individual statements in the Likert scale format and were considered significant if the average was greater than 3. Fifty-one students responded to the survey, 51% of respondents were female, 72.5% majored in Animal Science with the remaining respondents majoring in Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication (21.6 and 5.9%, respectively). In terms of the NBIS program preparing students for a career, 22 respondents felt very satisfied with educational experiences through the NBIS program, whereas 14 respondents were extremely satisfied. Thirty-five respondents noted that they are currently working in the beef industry and 27 of them had found a job at graduation. Twenty-six students felt that the NBIS program provided a great deal of networking opportunities throughout their program which prepared them for their career. Overall, students who have completed the NBIS program value the experiences gained and felt prepared going into careers relative to the beef industry.
PSIV-28 Determination of the extent and rate of nutrient degradation of potato and other byproducts by rumen microorganisms in vitro
Authors: Smithyman Cassandra , Cruickshank Keira , Smithyman Mackenzie M , Carter Boone H , Loest Clint A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Byproducts in livestock diets have the potential to reduce the environmental impact of food production and the cost of animal feeding. The objective was to evaluate the extent and rate of nutrient degradability of potato and other byproducts by rumen microorganisms in vitro. Byproducts included barley malt sprouts, fries, dry peel, and hopper, which were supplied by Performix Nutrition Solutions (Nampa, ID). Two in vitro incubators (DAISYII, ANKOM Technology) each with four incubation jars were used to evaluate ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Each jar contained 1,600 mL buffer solution (ANKOM Technology), 400 mL rumen contents (collected from two ruminally cannulated cows), 14 filter bags (F57, ANKOM Technology) with 0.5 g of ground byproduct, 14 filter bags with 0.5 g of ground corn (standard), and 14 blank bags. Each jar was purged with CO2 and filter bags were incubated at 39°C for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 h, then removed, rinsed, dried at 55˚C for 48 h, weighed, and analyzed for DM and NDF. Each byproduct was incubated in 3 jars on two different d (6 replicates). Degradation of DM was separated into fractions A (disappearance at 0 h), C (DM remaining after 48 h) and B (100%-A-C). Rate of degradation for fraction B was the slope of the natural logarithms of the DM disappearance. All byproducts were compared with standard corn grain as the control. Fraction A for DM was not different (P &gt; 0.40) for barley malt sprouts (35.4%) and hopper (33.7%), and less (P &lt; 0.05) for dry peel (27.8%) and fries (13.2%) when compared with corn grain (33.4%). Fraction B for DM was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for fries (74.0%), not different (P = 0.44) for hopper (56.1%), and less (P &lt; 0.05) for dry peel (43.6%) and sprouts (37.0%) when compared with corn grain (53.9%). Rate of DM degradation for fraction B was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for fries (9.9%/h) and hopper (7.0%/h), and not different (P &gt; 0.16) for dry peel (4.6%/h) and sprouts (3.0%/h) when compared with corn grain (3.8%/h). Fraction C for DM was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for dry peel (28.6%) and sprouts (27.6%), and not different (P = 0.20) for fries (12.9%) and hopper (10.3%) when compared with corn grain (12.7%). The indigestible fraction of NDF after 48 h of incubation was greatest for dry peel (58.5%), intermediate for sprouts (40.1%) and hopper (36.7%), and least for fries (25.4%; P &lt; 0.05). These results demonstrate that the extent and rate of ruminal DM degradability of various potato and other byproducts differ and may be more or less degradable in the rumen compared with corn grain.
PSIV-29 Efficacy of a chute-side pregnancy test on early pregnancy determination in mature Rambouillet ewes
Authors: Luna Karime L , Ward Marcy , Austin Molly M , Arellanes Jeffrey Dominguez , Ochoa Luis , Gurule Sara C , Sirois Shaina , May Meghan , Lawrence John , Scholljegerdes Eric J , Soto-Navarro Sergio A , Gifford Jennifer A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Distinguishing pregnant from non-pregnant ewes in early pregnancy allows for more efficient flock management by producers. While early pregnancy detection techniques like ultrasonography and hormone quantification are well established, these techniques are often not adaptable to field conditions or require specialized equipment and training. The objective of this study was to evaluate a validated bovine commercial on-farm pregnancy test on efficacy for detecting early pregnancy in distinct blood constituents of ewes. Rambouillet ewes [n = 30; average body weight (BW) = avg 60.9 ± 1.1 kg; age 2 to 8 yr) were estrous synchronized using a 5 d CIDR protocol followed by 2 injections of PGF2α at 0 and 4 h. A rattle-painted ram was subsequently placed with ewes for a 35-d breeding season. Blood constituents including whole blood (WB), plasma (PL), and serum (SE) were collected via jugular venipuncture prior to synchronization (d 0) and on d 20, 35, and 70 after breeding. Blood constituents were individually evaluated using the IDEXX Alertys OnFarm pregnancy test for pregnancy detection. Trans-abdominal ultrasonography was performed on d 35 and d 70 post-breeding. Serum progesterone (P4) was quantified on d 100 of gestation to confirm pregnancy status. Progesterone concentrations ≥ 4 ng/mL were considered pregnant. On d 20 of gestation, IDEXX tests agreed with P4 concentrations on d 100 (χ2 = 0.30) in WB, SE and PL at 35.7, 53.6, and 53.6%, respectively. Pregnancy detection accuracy increased on d 35 of gestation as IDEXX tests agreed with P4 at d 100 (χ2 = 1.00) in WB, SE, and PL at 60.7, 60.7 and 60.7% accuracy, respectively. On d 70 of gestation, IDEXX tests agreed with P4 at d 100 (χ2 = 0.81) in WB, SE, and PL at 90.7, 93.3 and 93.3% accuracy, respectively indicating similarity in pregnancy diagnosis in the two methods. Detection of pregnancy using ultrasonography at d 35 identified 33% of pregnant ewes, while d 70 ultrasound detected 93% of pregnant ewes when compared with d 100 serum P4. Results suggest that the IDEXX pregnancy test provides early diagnosis of pregnancy with d 70 results comparable to d 100 serum P4 quantification regardless of blood constituent type.