bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross‐taxa assessment of pelagic longline by‐catch mitigation measures: conflicts and mutual benefits to elasmobranchs
Authors: Gilman Eric , Chaloupka Milani , Swimmer Yonat , Piovano Susanna 
Published: January 2016

AbstractElasmobranch mortality in pelagic longline fisheries poses a risk to some populations, alters the distribution of abundance between sympatric competitors, changing ecosystem structure, processes and stability. Individual and synergistic effects on elasmobranch catch and survival from pelagic longline gear factors, including methods prescribed to mitigate bycatch of other vulnerable taxa, were determined. Overall relative risk of higher circle vs. J‐shaped hook shark catch rates conditioned on potentially informative moderators, from 30 studies, was estimated using an inverse‐precision weighted mixed‐effects meta‐regression modelling approach. Sharks had a 1.20 times (95% CI: 1.03–1.39) significantly higher pooled relative risk of capture on circle hooks, with two significant moderators. The pooled relative risk estimate of ray circle hook catch from 15 studies was not significant (RR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.89–1.66) with no significant moderators. From a literature review, wire leaders had higher shark catch and haulback mortality than monofilament. Interacting effects of hook, bait and leader affect shark catch rates: hook shape and width and bait type determine hooking position and ability to sever monofilament leaders. Circle hooks increased elasmobranch catch, but reduced haulback mortality and deep hooking relative to J‐shaped hooks of the same or narrower width. Using fish vs. squid for bait increased shark catch and deep hooking. Pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) catch and mortality were lower on wider hooks. Using circle instead of J‐shaped hooks and fish instead of squid for bait, while benefitting sea turtles, odontocetes and possibly seabirds, exacerbates elasmobranch catch and injury, therefore warranting fishery‐specific assessments to determine relative risks.
Estimation of the Change in Storage Capacity above Mined Longwall Panels
Authors: Tammetta Paul 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAccurate estimation of the change in groundwater storage capacity (S) above mined longwall panels is vital for analysis of postmining void water level recovery in coal mines, and assessment of water quality impacts. At present, there is no generalized representation of the spatial distribution of changes in S around a panel. Current estimates are generally bulk averages with high uncertainty, precluding calculation of groundwater velocities in various parts of the subsurface. In this work, a recently published hydrogeological conceptual model of longwall caving is used in conjunction with observations from borehole extensometers, goaf height measurements, and pumping/drawdown records for mine pools to develop a subsurface spatial distribution of changes in S following longwall caving, with reduced uncertainty in their magnitudes. The assumption of saturation in the disturbed zone proved critical for obtaining accurate results and in reconciling widely varying published estimates of S. Results indicate that the goaf and collapsed zones each absorb over 30% of the mined volume, and about 20% is absorbed by the surface subsidence trough. The increase in S in the collapsed zone is inversely proportional to the amount of surface subsidence. The conceptual model is updated with these results to present the spatial distribution of S after caving. The results allow calculation of water velocities in various zones, and may provide greater accuracy in estimation of water level rebound and water quality processes. Most of the S participating in groundwater flows is provided by defects rather than the matrix.
Tolerogenic effect of mouse fibroblasts on dendritic cells
Authors: Khosravi‐Maharlooei Mohsen , Pakyari MohammadReza , Jalili Reza B. , Salimi‐Elizei Sanam , Lai Jacqueline C. Y. , Poormasjedi‐Meibod Malihesadat , Kilani Ruhangiz T. , Dutz Jan , Ghahary Aziz 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThere is controversy about the immunomodulatory effect of fibroblasts on dendritic cells (DCs). To clarify this issue, in this study, we have evaluated different features of fibroblast‐primed DCs including their ability to express co‐inhibitory and co‐stimulatory molecules, pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines and their ability to induce T‐cell proliferation. We also examined migratory capacity of DCs to lymphatic tissues and present fibroblast‐derived antigens after encountering fibroblasts. The results of our in vitro study showed that both co‐inhibitory (programmed death ligand 1 and ligand 2 and B7H4) and co‐stimulatory (CD86) molecules were up‐regulated when DCs were co‐cultured with fibroblasts. In an animal model, we showed that intra‐ peritoneal injection (IP) of both syngeneic and allogeneic fibroblasts significantly increased both total DC count and expression level of co‐inhibitory and co‐stimulatory molecules on DCs. Priming of DCs with syngeneic and allogeneic fibroblasts reduced the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Even activation of fibroblast‐ primed DCs failed to restore their ability to induce T‐cell proliferation. Likewise, priming of DCs with fibroblasts blocked the ability of ovalbumin‐pulsed DCs to induce proliferation of ovalbumin‐specific CD4+ T cells. Compared with non‐activated DCs, fibroblast‐primed DCs had significantly higher expression levels of interleukin‐10 and indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase. Fibroblast‐primed DCs had a significantly reduced interleukin‐12 expression level compared with that of activated DCs. After priming with fibroblasts, DCs were able to migrate to lymphatic tissues and present fibroblast‐derived antigens (ovalbumin). In conclusion, after priming with fibroblasts, DCs gain tolerogenic features. This finding suggests the potential role of fibroblasts in the maintenance of immune tolerance.
Test–Retest Reliability in Infant Speech Perception Tasks
Authors: Cristia Alejandrina , Seidl Amanda , Singh Leher , Houston Derek 
Published: January 2016

A long line of research investigates how infants learn the sounds and words in their ambient language over the first year of life, through behavioral tasks involving discrimination and recognition. More recently, individual performance in such tasks has been used to predict later language development. Does this mean that dependent measures in such tasks are reliable and can stably measure speech perception skills over short time spans? Our three laboratories independently tested infants with a given task and retested them within 0–18 days. Together, we can report data from 12 new experiments (total number of paired observationsN = 409), ranging from vowel and consonant discrimination to recognition of phrasal units. Results reveal that reliability is extremely variable across experiments. We discuss possible causes and implications of this variability, as well as the main effects revealed by this work. Additionally, we offer suggestions for the field of infant speech perception to improve the reliability of its methodologies through data repositories and crowd sourcing.
The Pricing of Catastrophe Equity Put Options with Default Risk
Authors: Wang Xingchun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we present a pricing model for catastrophe equity put options with default risk by assuming that the default of the option issuer may occur at any time prior to maturity of the option. Catastrophic events are assumed to occur according to a doubly stochastic Poisson process, and stock price is affected by the catastrophe losses, which follow the compound doubly stochastic Poisson process. As for default risk, we adopt typical structural approaches, and we also allow the correlation between the underlying stock and the assets of the option issuer. Under this framework, we derive a pricing formula for catastrophe equity put options with default risk. Finally, numerical analysis is presented to illustrate effects of default risk on catastrophe equity put option prices.
Abnormal Returns from Takeover Prediction Modelling: Challenges and Suggested Investment Strategies
Authors: Danbolt Jo , Siganos Antonios , Tunyi Abongeh 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWhile takeover targets earn significant abnormal returns, studies tend to find no abnormal returns from investing in predicted takeover targets. In this study, we show that the difficulty of correctly identifying targets ex ante does not fully explain the below‐expected returns to target portfolios. Target prediction models’ inability to optimally time impending takeovers, by taking account of pre‐bid target underperformance and the anticipation of potential targets by other market participants, diminishes but does not eliminate the potential profitability of investing in predicted targets. Importantly, we find that target portfolios are predisposed to underperform, as targets and distressed firms share common firm characteristics, resulting in the misclassification of a disproportionately high number of distressed firms as potential targets. We show that this problem can be mitigated, and significant risk‐adjusted returns can be earned, by screening firms in target portfolios for size, leverage and liquidity.
Reablated Sites of Acute Reconnection After Pulmonary Vein Isolation Do Not Predict Sites of Late Reconnection at Repeat Electrophysiology Study
Authors: DAS MOLOY , WYNN GARETH J. , MORGAN MAUREEN , RONAYNE CHRISTINA , WAKTARE JOHAN E.P. , TODD DERICK M. , HALL MARK C.S. , SNOWDON RICHARD L. , MODI SIMON , GUPTA DHIRAJ 
Published: January 2016

Acute PV Reconnection Does Not Predict Late ReconnectionIntroductionAcute reconnection of pulmonary veins (PVs) is frequently seen in the waiting period following pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). There are concerns that reablation at these sites may not be durably effective due to tissue edema caused by the initial ablation. We aimed to prospectively study the relationship between acute and late reconnection.Methods and ResultsWide‐area circumferential PVI was performed in 40 paroxysmal AF patients. Spontaneous reconnection was assessed after a minimum 20‐minute waiting period, with adenosine administered to unmask dormant reconnection. All sites of acute reconnection were ablated to reisolate the PV. All 40 patients then underwent repeat electrophysiology study after 2 months, regardless of symptoms, to identify late reconnection. Sites of acute and late reconnection were compared according to a 12‐segment PVI model. Acute reconnection was seen in 28 (6%) PVI segments in 20 (50%) patients, affecting 24/160 (15%) PVs. All were successfully reisolated. At repeat electrophysiology study, 51 (11%) PVI segments were reconnected in 25 (62%) patients, affecting 41 (25%) PVs. The proportion of PVI segments with and without acute reconnection exhibiting late reconnection at repeat study was no different (14% vs. 10%, P = 0.524). There was also no difference in late reconnection between PVI circles or patients with and without acute reconnection.ConclusionMost PVI segments that undergo further ablation for acute reconnection show persistent isolation at repeat electrophysiology study, and the rate of late reconnection for these segments is no different to that for segments that did not acutely reconnect. This implies that effective reablation is delivered at these sites.
Early loading of splinted implants in the posterior mandible: a prospective multicentre case series
Authors: Zhou Jianfeng , Huang Qingfeng , Wang Xiaodong , Peng Dong , Li Yan , Zhang Lei , Liu Jianzhang , Zhang Songmei , Zhao Ke , Jiang Xinquan , Zhou Yongsheng 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the 12‐months clinical and radiological outcomes with the OsseoSpeed™ TX implant using an early loading protocol in patients with missing teeth in the posterior mandible.Material and MethodsForty‐five subjects, with Kennedy class I or II edentulism in the mandible, were enrolled at three centres in China. Two or three implants were placed in one edentulous region using a one‐stage procedure. Patients received a screw‐retained splinted fixed permanent restoration in one edentulous region 6–8 weeks after surgery. Follow‐up took place at 6 and 12 months after loading. Marginal bone level alteration, implant survival and clinical findings were assessed using descriptive statistics. The data were analysed on a patient level, implying that the mean overall implants by patient was used as the statistical unit. The data from the three centres were pooled in the statistical analyses.ResultsA total of 107 implants were inserted in 45 patients. Twelve months after loading, the implant survival rate was 100%, with a mean (±std) marginal bone gain of 0.08 ± 0.411 mm and healthy soft tissue status.ConclusionsEarly loading of splinted OsseoSpeed™ TX implants was an effective and safe treatment for partial edentulism of the posterior mandible.Clinical trial registration number on clinicaltrials.govNCT01346683.
Experimentally induced host‐shift changes life‐history strategy in a seed beetle
Authors: Savković Uroš , ĐorĐević Mirko , Šešlija Jovanović Darka , Lazarević Jelica , Tucić Nikola , Stojković Biljana 
Published: January 2016

AbstractExpansion of the host range in phytophagous insects depends on their ability to form an association with a novel plant through changes in host‐related traits. Phenotypic plasticity has important effects on initial survival of individuals faced with a new plant, as well as on the courses of evolutionary change during long‐term adaptation to novel conditions. Using experimental populations of the seed beetle that evolved on ancestral (common bean) or novel (chickpea) host and applying reciprocal transplant at both larval and adult stage on the alternative host plant, we studied the relationship between the initial (plastic) phases of host‐shift and the subsequent stages of evolutionary divergence in life‐history strategies between populations exposed to the host‐shift process. After 48 generations, populations became well adapted to chickpea by evolving the life‐history strategy with prolonged larval development, increased body mass, earlier reproduction, shorter lifespan and decreased plasticity of all traits compared with ancestral conditions. In chickpea‐adapted beetles, negative fitness consequences of low plasticity of pre‐adult development (revealed as severe decrease in egg‐to‐adult viability on beans) exhibited mismatch with positive effects of low plasticity (i.e. low host sensitivity) in oviposition and fecundity. In contrast, beetles adapted to the ancestral host showed high plasticity of developmental process, which enabled high larval survival on chickpea, whereas elevated plasticity in adult behaviour (i.e. high host sensitivity) resulted in delayed reproduction and decreased fecundity on chickpea. The analysis of population growth parameters revealed significant fluctuation during successive phases of the host‐shift process in A. obtectus.
The nutrition care needs of patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: informing dietetic practice
Authors: Ball L. , Davmor R. , Leveritt M. , Desbrow B. , Ehrlich C. , Chaboyer W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding patients' experiences and preferences for health care is important with respect to informing how to provide best‐practice, patient‐centred care. The present study aimed to explore the perceptions of patients who have been recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes regarding nutrition care received from dietitians.MethodsTen individuals recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes participated in three individual semi‐structured qualitative telephone interviews: at baseline, then at 3 and 6 months after recruitment. Data were analysed using content analysis at each time point and meta‐synthesis of findings over time.ResultsParticipants' initial interactions with dietitians were challenging and overwhelming as a result of the instructional nature of consultations. Many participants questioned the use of dietary guidelines to inform nutrition care because this was not adapted to the individual. Some participants valued receiving education on topics such as label reading and serving sizes; however, others considered that the nutrition care was rushed and overly directive. Very few participants perceived that an ongoing relationship with a dietitian would be useful, and limited interaction was planned beyond 6 months after diagnosis.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that there is considerable opportunity for dietitians to enhance the nutrition care provided to patients with type 2 diabetes. Tailoring of dietary guidelines to individuals, utilising supportive counselling styles, and focusing on open communication in consultations that facilitate ongoing, useful care for patients, may help patients with type 2 diabetes achieve and maintain healthy dietary behaviours.
Microstructure characterization of advanced protective Cr/CrN+a‐C:H/a‐C:H:Cr multilayer coatings on carbon fibre composite (CFC)
Authors: MAJOR L. , JANUSZ M. , LACKNER J.M. , KOT M. , MAJOR B. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryStudies of advanced protective chromium‐based coatings on the carbon fibre composite (CFC) were performed. Multidisciplinary examinations were carried out comprising: microstructure transmission electron microscopy (TEM, HREM) studies, micromechanical analysis and wear resistance. Coatings were prepared using a magnetron sputtering technique with application of high‐purity chromium and carbon (graphite) targets deposited on the CFC substrate. Selection of the CFC for surface modification in respect to irregularities on the surface making the CFC surface more smooth was performed. Deposited coatings consisted of two parts. The inner part was responsible for the residual stress compensation and cracking initiation as well as resistance at elevated temperatures occurring namely during surgical tools sterilization process. The outer part was responsible for wear resistance properties and biocompatibility. Experimental studies revealed that irregularities on the substrate surface had a negative influence on the crystallites growth direction. Chromium implanted into the a‐C:H structure reacted with carbon forming the cubic nanocrystal chromium carbides of the Cr23C6 type. The cracking was initiated at the coating/substrate interface and the energy of brittle cracking was reduced because of the plastic deformation at each Cr interlayer interface. The wear mechanism and cracking process was described in micro‐ and nanoscale by means of transmission electron microscope studies. Examined materials of coated CFC type would find applications in advanced surgical tools.
Huge ovarian endometrioma that grew after menopause: Case report
Authors: Matsushima Takashi , Asakura Hirobumi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEndometriomas occur in women of reproductive age and are rare after menopause. A 56‐year‐old gravida 3 para 2 woman complained of abdominal fullness that had gradually worsened over approximately one year (i.e. 5 years postmenopause). Diagnostic imaging revealed a cystic lesion that extended to just below the diaphragm. An ovarian cystoma of low malignancy was suspected. The preoperative blood test indicated normal estradiol levels at 12.6 pg/mL. She underwent bilateral adnexectomy and total hysterectomy. The appendages on the affected (i.e. right) side weighed approximately 12 kg. An ovarian endometrioma with benign pathology was diagnosed. Postmenopausal endometrioma can occur even in patients with normal postmenopausal estradiol values who are not receiving exogenous hormones. These patients require careful follow‐up.
Affirm VPIII microbial identification test can be used to detect gardnerella vaginalis,Candida albicans and trichomonas vaginalis microbial infections in Korean women
Authors: Byun Seung Won , Park Yeon Joon , Hur Soo Young 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare Affirm VPIII Microbial Identification Test results for Korean women to those obtained for Gardnerella vaginalis through Nugent score, Candida albicans based on vaginal culture and Trichomonas vaginalis based on wet smear diagnostic standards.MethodsStudy participants included 195 women with symptomatic or asymptomatic vulvovaginitis under hospital obstetric or gynecologic care. A definite diagnosis was made based on Nugent score for Gardnerella, vaginal culture for Candida and wet prep for Trichomonas vaginalis. Affirm VPIII Microbial Identification Test results were then compared to diagnostic standard results.ResultsOf the 195 participants, 152 were symptomatic, while 43 were asymptomatic. Final diagnosis revealed 68 (37.87%) cases of Gardnerella, 29 (14.87%) cases of Candida, one (0.51%) case of Trichomonas, and 10 (5.10%) cases of mixed infections. The detection rates achieved by each detection method (Affirm assay vs diagnostic standard) for Gardnerella and Candida were not significantly different (33.33% vs 34.8% for Gardnerella, 13.33% vs 14.87% for Candida, respectively).The sensitivity and specificity of the Affirm test for Gardnerella compared to the diagnostic standard were 75.0% and 88.98%, respectively. For Candida, the sensitivity and specificity of the Affirm test compared to the diagnostic standard were 82.76% and 98.80%, respectively. The number of Trichomonas cases was too small (1 case) to be statistically analyzed.ConclusionsThe Affirm test is a quick tool that can help physicians diagnose and treat patients with infectious vaginitis at the point of care.
Impact of null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 with uterine leiomyoma risk in Iranian population
Authors: Mostafavi Salva Sadat , Ebrahimi Ahmad , Sadat Seyed Mehdi , Davari Tanha Fatemeh , Aghasadeghi Mohammad Reza , Bahramali Golnaz , Abbasi Ranjbar Parinaz , Sadeghifard Vida , Javadi Foozieh 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimFew studies have investigated the role of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in uterine leiomyoma. Therefore, in the current study the distribution of these genotypes in Iranian women and susceptibility to uterine leiomyoma was investigated.MethodsBlood samples of 50 patients with uterine leiomyoma and 50 healthy individual controls were collected in this cross‐sectional study. Genomic DNA was extracted, and subsequently GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were detected by the Gap‐polymerase chain reaction method.ResultsA total of 42% of patients appeared to lack GSTM1 enzyme activity due to the presence of an extended deletion (GSTM1 0/0 genotype), compared with 18% in a control group (odds ratio [OR], 3.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–9.37; P < 0.010). In addition, the prevalence of the GSTT1 null genotype in patients was higher than that in the control group (42% to 14%, P < 0.009). Also, it was shown that individuals with both null genotypes (–/–) had a 19.23‐fold higher risk of developing the disease in comparison to people who showed both present genotypes (+/+). (P = 0.007; 95%CI, 2.20–167.41). Besides, it was observed that at least one null genotype increases the risk of myoma to 2.6 compared to the both present genotype (P‐value < 0.03, 95%CI, 1.05–6.82).ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is first significant correlation between risk of uterine leiomyoma and null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes among Iranian patients. Our data support the involvement of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in uterine leiomyoma liability, and especially its role as a genetic factor in the occurrence of this disease.