bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Species of Fehling's Solution
Authors: Hörner Thomas G. , Klüfers Peter 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA species model for the copper(II)/L‐(+)‐tartaric acid (LH2, tartH2) aqueous system between pH 1.9 and 12.3 has been established by potentiometric, UV/Vis spectroscopic, solubility and crystallographic studies. Eight species were detected, including the oligonuclear major species Cu8L6H–10 in the neutral region and the mononuclear major species CuL2H–4 in the alkaline region, the latter being associated with Fehling's solution. The octanuclear complex was isolated as its lithium salt Li7[Cu8(L‐tartH–2)4(L‐tartH–1)2(H2O)6]NO3·19H2O (1). The “Fehling species” CuL2H–4 was crystallized as its sodium, potassium and caesium salts, namely K2Na4[Cu(L‐tartH–2)2]·12H2O (2), Na6[Cu(L‐tartH–2)2]·9H2O (3), Na6[Cu(L‐tartH–2)2]·14H2O (4), and Cs6[Cu(L‐tartH–2)2]·8H2O (5). Each of them shows a distorted square‐planar environment of copper(II), similar to the related non‐chiral cuprate [Cu(rac‐tartH–2‐κ2O2,O3)2]6– (S. Albrecht, P. Klüfers, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2013, 639, 280–284). By comparing the components of the UV/Vis spectra of Fehling's solution and the solids, we confirmed the identity of the major solution species.
Three‐Component Bicyclization Leading to Densely Functionalized Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines
Authors: Hao Wen‐Juan , Zhou Peng , Wu Fei‐Yue , Jiang Bo , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Li Guigen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA three‐component bicyclization strategy for the efficient synthesis of densely functionalized pyrazolo[3,4‐d]thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines from readily accessible aryl aldehydes, α‐thiocyanate ketones, and pyrazol‐5‐amines was established. The reaction pathway involves a nucleophilic addition/5‐exo‐trig/6‐endo‐trig bicyclization sequence that results in continuous multiple bond‐forming events, including the formation of C–N and C–C bonds, to give high levels of molecular complexity.
Involvement of transient receptor potential A1 channel in algesic and analgesic actions of the organic compound limonene
Authors: Kaimoto T. , Hatakeyama Y. , Takahashi K. , Imagawa T. , Tominaga M. , Ohta T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundTRPA1 is a Ca‐permeable nonselective cation channel expressed in sensory neurons and acts as a nocisensor. Recent reports show that some monoterpenes, a group of naturally occurring organic compounds, modulate TRP channel activity. Here, we report that limonene, being contained in citrus fruits and mushrooms, shows a unique bimodal action on TRPA1 channel.MethodsWe examine the effects of limonene on sensory neurons from wild‐type, TRPV1‐ and TRPA1‐gene‐deficient mice and on heterologously expressed channels in vitro. Molecular determinants were identified with using mutated channels. Cellular excitability is monitored with ratiometric Ca imaging. Nociceptive and analgesic actions of limonene are also examined in vivo.ResultsIn wild‐type mouse sensory neurons, limonene increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), which was inhibited by selective inhibitors of TRPA1 but not TRPV1. Limonene‐responsive neurons highly corresponded to TRPA1 agonist‐sensitive ones. Limonene failed to stimulate sensory neurons from the TRPA1 (−/−) mouse. Heterologously expressed mouse TRPA1 was activated by limonene. Intraplantar injection of limonene elicited acute pain, which was significantly less in TRPA1 (−/−) mice. Systemic administration of limonene reduced nociceptive behaviours evoked by H2O2. In both heterologously and endogenously expressed TRPA1, a low concentration of limonene significantly inhibited H2O2‐induced TRPA1 activation. TRPA1 activation by limonene was abolished in H2O2‐insensitive cysteine‐mutated channels.ConclusionsTopically applied limonene stimulates TRPA1, resulting in elicitation of acute pain, but its systemic application inhibits nociception induced by oxidative stress. Because limonene is a safe compound, it may be utilized for pain control due to its inhibition of TRPA1 channels.What does this study add: Limonene, a monoterpene in essential oils of various plants, has been known for its antitumor and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, molecular basis of their actions has not been identified. This study shows that limonene activates nociceptive TRPA1 and elicits acute pain, when it is topically applied. In addition, systemic application of limonene exerts inhibitory effects on nociception induced by an oxidative stress‐induced TRPA1 activation.
Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dot‐Decorated ZnO Nanorods for Improved Electrochemical Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Majumder T. , Debnath K. , Dhar S. , Hmar J. J. L. , Mondal S. P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNitrogen‐doped graphene quantum dots (N‐GQDs) have been synthesized using a hydrothermal process. The N‐GQDs are highly crystalline with a size of 3–7 nm and made up of 1–3 layers of graphene. UV/Vis absorption studies reveal two major absorption peaks at 237 and 334 nm, which are attributed to the π→π* transition of C=C and n→π* transition of C=O bonds, respectively. The additional broad peak observed at 460–500 nm is attributed to the n→π* transition of C=N bonds. The N‐GQDs are highly luminescent and exhibit excitation‐dependent emission. The photoelectrochemical properties of pristine ZnO and N‐GQD‐sensitized ZnO nanorods have been investigated. N‐GQD‐sensitized nanorod photoanodes demonstrate superior photoconversion efficiency, incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency, and power conversion efficiency compared with pristine ZnO nanorods.
Linking field-based metabolomics and chemical analyses to prioritize contaminants of emerging concern in the Great Lakes basin
Authors: Davis John M. , Ekman Drew R. , Teng Quincy , Ankley Gerald T. , Berninger Jason P. , Cavallin Jenna E. , Jensen Kathleen M. , Kahl Michael D. , Schroeder Anthony L. , Villeneuve Daniel L. , Jorgenson Zachary G. , Lee Kathy E. , Collette Timothy W. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

The ability to focus on the most biologically relevant contaminants affecting aquatic ecosystems can be challenging because toxicity-assessment programs have not kept pace with the growing number of contaminants requiring testing. Because it has proven effective at assessing the biological impacts of potentially toxic contaminants, profiling of endogenous metabolites (metabolomics) may help screen out contaminants with a lower likelihood of eliciting biological impacts, thereby prioritizing the most biologically important contaminants. The authors present results from a study that utilized cage-deployed fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) at 18 sites across the Great Lakes basin. They measured water temperature and contaminant concentrations in water samples (132 contaminants targeted, 86 detected) and used 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure endogenous metabolites in polar extracts of livers. They used partial least-squares regression to compare relative abundances of endogenous metabolites with contaminant concentrations and temperature. The results indicated that profiles of endogenous polar metabolites covaried with at most 49 contaminants. The authors identified up to 52% of detected contaminants as not significantly covarying with changes in endogenous metabolites, suggesting they likely were not eliciting measurable impacts at these sites. This represents a first step in screening for the biological relevance of detected contaminants by shortening lists of contaminants potentially affecting these sites. Such information may allow risk assessors to prioritize contaminants and focus toxicity testing on the most biologically relevant contaminants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2493–2502. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Multi‐material closure model for high‐order finite element Lagrangian hydrodynamics
Authors: Dobrev V. A. , Kolev T. V. , Rieben R. N. , Tomov V. Z. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryWe present a new closure model for single fluid, multi‐material Lagrangian hydrodynamics and its application to high‐order finite element discretizations of these equations . The model is general with respect to the number of materials, dimension and space and time discretizations. Knowledge about exact material interfaces is not required. Material indicator functions are evolved by a closure computation at each quadrature point of mixed cells, which can be viewed as a high‐order variational generalization of the method of Tipton . This computation is defined by the notion of partial non‐instantaneous pressure equilibration, while the full pressure equilibration is achieved by both the closure model and the hydrodynamic motion. Exchange of internal energy between materials is derived through entropy considerations, that is, every material produces positive entropy, and the total entropy production is maximized in compression and minimized in expansion. Results are presented for standard one‐dimensional two‐material problems, followed by two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional multi‐material high‐velocity impact arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian calculations. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Recommended European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition protein and energy intakes and weight loss in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Giles Kaitlin H. , Kubrak Catherine , Baracos Vickie E. , Olson Karin , Mazurak Vera C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundInformation regarding attenuation of weight loss in patients with head and neck cancer consuming energy and protein intakes at levels recommended by the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN) is limited.MethodsNewly diagnosed patients with head and neck cancer (n = 38) consuming food orally had weight and 3‐day diet records prospectively collected at baseline, the end of treatment, and at the 2.5‐month follow‐up. Weight loss of patients consuming the ESPEN recommendations of ≥30 kcal/kg/d energy and 1.2 g/kg/d protein versus those consuming less were compared. Weight loss of oral nutrition supplement consumers versus oral nutrition supplement nonconsumers was also compared.ResultsDespite ≥30 kcal/kg/d intakes at posttreatment and follow‐up, mean weight loss was 10.3% from baseline to posttreatment, and 4.0% from posttreatment to follow‐up. At posttreatment, oral nutrition supplement consumers with intakes ≥30 kcal/kg/d lost twice as much weight as nonconsumers with intakes of ≥30 kcal/kg/d (p = .001).ConclusionCurrent ESPEN recommendations may not attenuate weight loss in patients with head and neck cancer, especially those consuming oral nutrition supplements. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1248–1257, 2016
Highly Polar Triterpenoid Saponins from the Roots of Saponaria officinalis L.
Authors: Moniuszko‐Szajwaj Barbara , Masullo Milena , Kowalczyk Mariusz , Pecio Łukasz , Szumacher‐Strabel Małgorzata , Cieślak Adam , Piacente Sonia , Oleszek Wiesław , Stochmal Anna 
Published: March 2016

Five new triterpenoid saponins, including 3‐O‐β‐d‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐β‐d‐glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐(4‐O‐acetyl)‐β‐d‐quinovopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐β‐d‐fucopyranoside (1), 3‐O‐β‐d‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐β‐d‐glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28‐O‐(6‐O‐acetyl)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐[β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐(4‐O‐acetyl)‐β‐d‐quinovopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐β‐d‐fucopyranoside (2), 3‐O‐β‐d‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐β‐d‐glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28‐O‐β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐(4‐O‐acetyl)‐β‐d‐quinovopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐β‐d‐fucopyranoside (3), 3‐O‐β‐d‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐β‐d‐glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[(4‐O‐acetyl)‐β‐d‐quinovopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐β‐d‐fucopyranoside (4), 3‐O‐β‐d‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐β‐d‐glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28‐O‐(6‐O‐acetyl)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐[β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[(4‐O‐acetyl)‐β‐d‐quinovopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐β‐d‐fucopyranoside (5) together with two known congeners, saponariosides A (6) and B (7) were isolated from the roots of Saponaria officinalis L. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D‐ (1H, 13C) and 2D‐NMR (DQF‐COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC) experiments, HR‐ESI‐MS, and acid hydrolysis.
Mephedrone and 3,4‐Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV): Synthetic Cathinones With Serious Health Implications
Authors: White C. Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article presents information on the predominant synthetic cathinones used in the Western world, mephedrone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Synthetic cathinones are commonly used drugs of abuse in the United States and Europe, with numerous cases of patient harm and death. Patients exhibit many neurological, cardiovascular, and muscular adverse events and frequently require therapy to control psychotic or agitated states and acute kidney injury resulting from myopathy or rhabdomyolysis. There are potential genetic polymorphisms and drug interactions that might accentuate risk, but there are no studies evaluating to what extent this occurs or if it is clinically relevant. Clinicians should be aware of the known pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and reports of effects to detect potential issues and treat patients presenting with these adverse effects.
Parameters Tied to Treewidth
Authors: Harvey Daniel J. , Wood David R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTreewidth is a graph parameter of fundamental importance to algorithmic and structural graph theory. This article surveys several graph parameters tied to treewidth, including separation number, tangle number, well‐linked number, and Cartesian tree product number. We review many results in the literature showing these parameters are tied to treewidth. In a number of cases we also improve known bounds, provide simpler proofs, and show that the inequalities presented are tight.
Cell wall chemical characteristics of whole‐crop cereal silages harvested at three maturity stages
Authors: Wallsten Johanna , Hatfield Ronald 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn cooler climates such as found in Scandinavian countries cereals are important feedstuffs for ruminants often ensiled as whole‐crop cereal silages (WCCS) to preserve nutrients. Animal performance varies with the type of cereal forage and stage of cereal development being ensiled. Cell wall isolation and analysis was undertaken to determine differences among cereal silages harvested at different stages of maturity.ResultsA set of 27 WCCS samples of barley, wheat and oats harvested at heading, early milk, and dough stages of maturity were analyzed for cell wall (CW) composition and compared to previous NDF analyses. Total CW concentrations of the WCCS were higher than the NDF concentration. The lignin concentration was higher (P < 0.001) in oats (111 g kg−1 DM) than in barley (88 g kg−1 DM) and wheat (91 g kg−1 DM). Ferulates (ester and ether linked) ranged from 12.2 to 14.9 g kg−1 across forage types and maturity stages. The correlation between total cell wall xylose and HC concentrations (NDF‐ADF) was lower than expected in all forages (R = 0.63).ConclusionThe more comprehensive analyses of cell walls provide detailed composition of the different WCCS that vary due to the maturity and type of cereal. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Electrospun nanofibres in agriculture and the food industry: a review
Authors: Noruzi Masumeh 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe interesting characteristics of electrospun nanofibres, such as high surface‐to‐volume ratio, nanoporosity, and high safety, make them suitable candidates for use in a variety of applications. In the recent decade, electrospun nanofibres have been applied to different potential fields such as filtration, wound dressing, drug delivery, etc. and a significant number of review papers have been published in these fields. However, the use of electrospun nanofibres in agriculture is comparatively novel and is still in its infancy. In this paper, the specific applications of electrospun nanofibres in agriculture and food science, including plant protection using pheromone‐loaded nanofibres, plant protection using encapsulation of biocontrol agents, preparation of protective clothes for farm workers, encapsulation of agrochemical materials, deoxyribonucleic acid extraction in agricultural research studies, pre‐concentration and measurement of pesticides in crops and environmental samples, preparation of nanobiosensors for pesticide detection, encapsulation of food materials, fabrication of food packaging materials, and filtration of beverage products are reviewed and discussed. This paper may help researchers develop the use of electrospun nanofibres in agriculture and food science to address some serious problems such as the intensive use of pesticides. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of Bismuth Telluride Thin Film for Thermoelectric Application Via Electrodeposition Technique
Authors: Patil Pallavi B. , Mali Sawanta S. , Khot Kishorkumar V. , Kondalkar Vijay V. , Ghanwat Vishvanath B. , Mane Rahul M. , Kharade Rohini R. , Bhosale Popatrao N. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryNanocrystalline Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) thin film was electrodeposited potentiostatically at room temperature from acidic bath. In order to study their structural, morphological properties and compositional analysis of as synthesized thin film were systematically examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The crystallographic characterization of Bi2Te3 thin film was carried out using XRD and main diffraction peak at (015) plane of the Bi2Te3 confirmed that the formation of rhombohedral crystal structure. Rapid development in thermoelectric material due to directly converting thermal energy to electric energy. The thermoelectric performance of Bi2Te3 thin film was assessed with the result of electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient parameters. In addition, such well adherent Bi2Te3 thin film with improved Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity which is helpful for development of efficient materials for thermoelectric application. In order to study the thermoelectric performance of Bi2Te3 it is prepared by potentiostatic electrodeposition.
Synthesis and Characterization of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐One (DHPM) Derivatives Doped Acrylic Polymers for Thin Film Coatings
Authors: Walekar Balaji , Mane Ramaraje , Nadaf Sameer , Valekar Navanath , Bhosale Popatrao , Mane Sambhaji 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe objective of present research work is synthesis and characterization of N‐heterocyclic compounds by using Silver metal nanoparticles and their copolymerization with acrylic polymers such as Butyl acrylate (BA) and Methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers by emulsion process. In this research work we have synthesized different 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐one (DHPM) derivatives. These synthesized N‐heterocyclic derivatives were characterized by FT‐IR, and 1H NMR spectral studies. A core shell copolymers of acrylics (BA & MMA) is prepared by seed emulsion technique. The different preparative parameters have been optimized in order to get good quality thin films of DHPM doped in acrylic polymer material. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for samples reveals that spherical grains are uniformly distributed over the surface of the substrate indicates the well‐defined growth of DHPM doped in acrylic (BA‐Co‐MMA) polymers. The effect of N‐heterocyclic compound concentrations on the water absorption ratio is also examined. The synthesized DHPM doped acrylic polymers were characterized by FT‐IR spectral study. From FT‐IR spectral study it is revealed that there is attachment of N‐heterocyclic compounds with acrylic polymers. DHPM doped acrylic polymer (BA‐Co‐MMA) has been used for preparing thin film coatings on glass substrate materials. From the calculations of water resistance strength, it is found that 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐one (DHPM) doped acrylic polymer thin films shows more water resistance strength than pure acrylic polymer (BA‐Co‐MMA) thin films. Hence 3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐one (DHPM) doped acrylic polymer thin film coatings are used on glass substrate for increasing strength, durability and transparency of glass surface.
Investigation on Impact Behavior of Rice Husk Impregnated Coir‐Vinyl Ester Composites
Authors: Ramprasath R. , Jayabal S. , Sundaram S. Kalyana , Bharathiraja G. , Munde Yashwant S. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe use of natural fibers and bio‐particles as reinforcement in polymeric composites is gaining keen interest in the field of cellulose based composite materials, due to its attractive properties such as light weight, low cost and biodegradability etc. Several studies in the past have reported major improvement in the mechanical behaviors of fiber reinforced polymer composites by impregnating bio‐particulate with the matrix system. This investigation is aimed at introducing a hybrid reinforcement based polymer composites which uses rice husk as bio‐particles and green husk coir as fibrous reinforcement. The composite sheets were fabricated as per full factorial design of experimental plan by varying the fabrication parameters namely fiber length, fiber content and particulate content. The effects of fabrication parameters on the impact properties of the composites were analyzed and favorable conditions to yield better impact strength were determined. The X‐ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize the bindability of rice husk and coir fibers in the resin system. A major improvement in the impact properties was inferred on impregnating rice husk bio‐particles in coir‐vinyl ester composites.
The Degradation Kinetics of EVA‐Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Griffin G. J. , Pannirselvam M. , Martin B. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe influence of organoclay content on the thermal degradation kinetics of EVA‐clay nanocomposites was studied using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The mass ratio of vinyl acetate (VA) to ethylene (E) was varied between 9:91 and 28:72 and the clay loading between 2.5 and 7.5 wt%. Samples were heated under an inert atmosphere up to 700°C, at which point all organic components were volatized. The mass loss curves revealed two‐stage mass‐loss events; the first due to scission of the acetate functional group and the second due to the break‐down of the carbon backbone. The presence of organoclay in the polymer resulted in initiation of the mass‐loss events at lower temperatures. This was more pronounced for the first mass‐loss event. Kinetic analysis of the mass‐loss events was conducted using the method of invariant kinetic parameters (MIKP). These showed that the latter mass loss curve was more likely to fit a diffusion based kinetic model when nano‐clay was present possibly indicating the influence of a char layer on the degradation processes. The effects of the presence of nanoclay on the kinetic parameters of the mass‐loss events are reported.