bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic liberalisation and the mobility of minority groups: evidence from Māori in New Zealand
Authors: Sin Isabelle , Stillman Steven 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Between 1984 and 1993, New Zealand undertook comprehensive market-oriented economic reforms. In this paper, we use census data to examine how the internal mobility of Māori compares to that of Europeans in New Zealand in the period after these reforms. It is often suggested that Māori are less mobile than other ethnic groups because of attachment to particular geographical locations. If this were the case, Māori may have been disadvantaged in the post-reform period because they were more likely to be living in adversely affected areas and less likely to move to pursue better employment opportunities. In contrast to the anecdotal evidence, we find that Māori are more mobile on average than similar Europeans. However, Māori who live in areas with strong networks of their iwi are slightly less mobile than Europeans. The difference between Māori who live locally to their iwi and those who do not is even more pronounced when we consider responsiveness to local labour market shocks. Non-local Māori are considerably more responsive to changes in economic opportunities than are Europeans, whereas local Māori are almost entirely unresponsive.
JEL codes: J61, J15, R23.
Development and Standardization of the Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale: Application of Item Response Theory to the Assessment of Adaptive Behavior
Authors: Tassé Marc J. , Schalock Robert L. , Thissen David , Balboni Giulia , Bersani Henry (Hank) , Borthwick-Duffy Sharon A. , Spreat Scott , Widaman Keith F. , Zhang Dalun , Navas Patricia 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS) was developed using item response theory (IRT) methods and was constructed to provide the most precise and valid adaptive behavior information at or near the cutoff point of making a decision regarding a diagnosis of intellectual disability. The DABS initial item pool consisted of 260 items. Using IRT modeling and a nationally representative standardization sample, the item set was reduced to 75 items that provide the most precise adaptive behavior information at the cutoff area determining the presence or not of significant adaptive behavior deficits across conceptual, social, and practical skills. The standardization of the DABS is described and discussed.
Polyherbal EMSA ERITIN Promotes Erythroid Lineages and Lymphocyte Migration in Irradiated Mice
Authors: Ibrahim Mansur , Christina Yuyun Ika , Rifa’i Muhaimin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRadiotherapy is commonly used to kill malignant cells, but it can significantly deplete hematopoietic and splenic erythroblasts. Radioprotective agents are therefore very important in clinical radiotherapy. We examined the effect of poly-herbal EMSA ERITIN on immunological responses when administered to sublethally irradiated mice with the aim of highlighting promotes erythroid lineages and lymphocytes migration in irradiated mice with the parameter are TER119+CD123+in bone marrow and SDF-1 in bone marrow and spleen organ. Normal BALB/c mice were sublethally irradiated with 600 rad. EMSA ERITIN was administered orally at different doses:(1.04, 3.125 and 9.375 mg/g body weight) for 15 days. On day 16 erythroid lineages (TER-119+CD123+) were observed in bone marrow and lymphocytes migration by the production of SDF-1 in spleen and bone marrow. Lymphocytes migration was indicated by the production of SDF-1 in spleen and bone marrow using flow cytometry analysis. EMSA ERITIN increased the generation of erythroid lineage cells marked by TER119+CD123+ and promoted lymphocyte migration by increasing SDF-1 production in bone marrow and spleen. EMSA ERITIN appears to be a powerful medicinal herb with potential as a food supplement to normalize homeostasis and erythropoiesis after radiation.
Human CYP27A1 catalyzes hydroxylation of β-sitosterol and ergosterol
Authors: Ehrhardt Maximilian , Gerber Adrian , Zapp Josef , Hannemann Frank , Bernhardt Rita 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
β-Sitosterol and ergosterol are the equivalents of cholesterol in plants and fungi, respectively, and common sterols in the human diet. In the current work, both were identified as novel CYP27A1 substrates by in vitro experiments applying purified human CYP27A1 and its redox partners adrenodoxin (Adx) and adrenodoxin reductase (AdR). A Bacillus megaterium based biocatalyst recombinantly expressing the same proteins was utilized for the conversion of the substrates to obtain sufficient amounts of the novel products for a structural NMR analysis. β-Sitosterol was found to be converted into 26-hydroxy-β-sitosterol and 29-hydroxy-β-sitosterol, whereas ergosterol was converted into 24-hydroxyergosterol, 26-hydroxyergosterol and 28-hydroxyergosterol.
Development of 1RM Prediction Equations for Bench Press in Moderately Trained Men
Authors: Macht Jordan W. , Abel Mark G. , Mullineaux David R. , Yates James W. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Macht, JW, Abel, MG, Mullineaux, DR, and Yates, JW. Development of 1RM prediction equations for bench press in moderately trained men. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2901–2906, 2016—There are a variety of established 1 repetition maximum (1RM) prediction equations, however, very few prediction equations use anthropometric characteristics exclusively or in part, to estimate 1RM strength. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop an original 1RM prediction equation for bench press using anthropometric and performance characteristics in moderately trained male subjects. Sixty male subjects (21.2 ± 2.4 years) completed a 1RM bench press and were randomly assigned a load to complete as many repetitions as possible. In addition, body composition, upper-body anthropometric characteristics, and handgrip strength were assessed. Regression analysis was used to develop a performance-based 1RM prediction equation: 1RM = 1.20 repetition weight + 2.19 repetitions to fatigue − 0.56 biacromial width (cm) + 9.6 (R
2 = 0.99, standard error of estimate [SEE] = 3.5 kg). Regression analysis to develop a nonperformance-based 1RM prediction equation yielded: 1RM (kg) = 0.997 cross-sectional area (CSA) (cm2) + 0.401 chest circumference (cm) − 0.385%fat − 0.185 arm length (cm) + 36.7 (R
2 = 0.81, SEE = 13.0 kg). The performance prediction equations developed in this study had high validity coefficients, minimal mean bias, and small limits of agreement. The anthropometric equations had moderately high validity coefficient but larger limits of agreement. The practical applications of this study indicate that the inclusion of anthropometric characteristics and performance variables produce a valid prediction equation for 1RM strength. In addition, the CSA of the arm uses a simple nonperformance method of estimating the lifter's 1RM. This information may be used to predict the starting load for a lifter performing a 1RM prediction protocol or a 1RM testing protocol.
Music, Landscape, and the Sound of Place
Authors: Grimley Daniel M. 
Published: February 2016

One of the most poignant scenes in Ken Russell’s 1968 film Delius: Song of Summer evocatively depicts the ailing composer being carried in a wicker chair to the summit of the mountain behind his Norwegian cabin. From here, Delius can gaze one final time across the broad Gudbrandsdal and watch the sun set behind the distant Norwegian fells. Contemplating the centrality of Norway in Delius’s output, however, raises more pressing questions of musical meaning, representation, and our relationship with the natural environment. It also inspires a more complex awareness of landscape and our sense of place, both historical and imagined, as a mode of reception and an interpretative tool for approaching Delius’s music.
This essay focuses on one of Delius’s richest but most critically neglected works, The Song of the High Hills for orchestra and wordless chorus, composed in 1911 but not premiered until 1920. Drawing on archival materials held at the British Library and the Grainger Museum, Melbourne, I examine the music’s compositional genesis and critical reception. Conventionally heard (following Thomas Beecham and Eric Fenby) as an imaginary account of a walking tour in the Norwegian mountains, The Song of the High Hills in fact offers a multilayered response to ideas of landscape and nature. Moving beyond pictorial notions of landscape representation, I draw from recent critical literature in cultural geography to account for the music’s sense of place. Hearing The Song of the High Hills from this perspective promotes a keener understanding of our phenomenological engagement with sound and the natural environment, and underscores the parallels between Delius’s work and contemporary developments in continental philosophy, notably the writing of Henri Bergson.
Intraflagellar transport proteins 172, 80, 57, 54, 38, and 20 form a stable tubulin‐binding IFT‐B2 complex
Authors: Taschner Michael , Weber Kristina , Mourão André , Vetter Melanie , Awasthi Mayanka , Stiegler Marc , Bhogaraju Sagar , Lorentzen Esben 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntraflagellar transport (IFT) relies on the IFT complex and is required for ciliogenesis. The IFT‐B complex consists of 9–10 stably associated core subunits and six “peripheral” subunits that were shown to dissociate from the core structure at moderate salt concentration. We purified the six “peripheral” IFT‐B subunits of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as recombinant proteins and show that they form a stable complex independently of the IFT‐B core. We suggest a nomenclature of IFT‐B1 (core) and IFT‐B2 (peripheral) for the two IFT‐B subcomplexes. We demonstrate that IFT88, together with the N‐terminal domain of IFT52, is necessary to bridge the interaction between IFT‐B1 and B2. The crystal structure of IFT52N reveals highly conserved residues critical for IFT‐B1/IFT‐B2 complex formation. Furthermore, we show that of the three IFT‐B2 subunits containing a calponin homology (CH) domain (IFT38, 54, and 57), only IFT54 binds αβ‐tubulin as a potential IFT cargo, whereas the CH domains of IFT38 and IFT57 mediate the interaction with IFT80 and IFT172, respectively. Crystal structures of IFT54 CH domains reveal that tubulin binding is mediated by basic surface‐exposed residues.
Physically Active Math and Language Lessons Improve Academic Achievement: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mullender-Wijnsma Marijke J. , Hartman Esther , de Greeff Johannes W. , Doolaard Simone , Bosker Roel J. , Visscher Chris 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVES:
Using physical activity in the teaching of academic lessons is a new way of learning. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an innovative physically active academic intervention (“Fit & Vaardig op School” [F&V]) on academic achievement of children.

METHODS:
Using physical activity to teach math and spelling lessons was studied in a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Participants were 499 children (mean age 8.1 years) from second- and third-grade classes of 12 elementary schools. At each school, a second- and third-grade class were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. The intervention group participated in F&V lessons for 2 years, 22 weeks per year, 3 times a week. The control group participated in regular classroom lessons. Children’s academic achievement was measured before the intervention started and after the first and second intervention years. Academic achievement was measured by 2 mathematics tests (speed and general math skills) and 2 language tests (reading and spelling).

RESULTS:
After 2 years, multilevel analysis showed that children in the intervention group had significantly greater gains in mathematics speed test (P &lt; .001; effect size [ES] 0.51), general mathematics (P &lt; .001; ES 0.42), and spelling (P &lt; .001; ES 0.45) scores. This equates to 4 months more learning gains in comparison with the control group. No differences were found on the reading test.

CONCLUSIONS:
Physically active academic lessons significantly improved mathematics and spelling performance of elementary school children and are therefore a promising new way of teaching.
Should We Give Routine Postoperative Intravenous Fluids after Cleft Surgery?
Authors: Onyekwelu O. , Seaward J. , Beale V. 
Published: February 2016

Objective In 2012, the James Lind Alliance, together with the Craniofacial Society of Great Britain and Ireland and the Cleft Lip and Palate Association, set priorities for unanswered questions in cleft management. One of these priorities included postoperative fluid management. The authors’ postoperative regimen does not include intravenous fluids unless the child fails to achieve adequate oral intake by the first evening postoperatively. This audit evaluated whether this is appropriate and safe practice. Methods All patients undergoing cleft-related surgery by a single surgeon in a single center during August 2011 to August 2012 were included. Patient age, weight, and surgery type were recorded together with fluid requirement, length of stay, and any returns to theater or readmissions. Result Of the 79 patients included, none required readmission or return to theater, and the mean length of stay was 1.72 days. Nineteen patients (24%) required intravenous fluids, but these tended to be the older children in the group (P value .034). In the youngest patients undergoing primary lip repair, only 1 of 20 required intravenous fluids. Conclusions This study demonstrates that, especially in the younger patients, omitting intravenous fluids as a postoperative routine is associated with a shorter length of stay without an increased complication rate. The authors advocate early postoperative feeding and the return to physiological fluid balance.
Volatile Hypertension Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Summers Spencer H. , Sabeh Karim , Gottlieb Jonathan 
Published: February 2016

Case:
A sixty-one-year-old man underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) from C4 to C7 for the treatment of cervical spondylosis. Postoperatively, the patient experienced paroxysmal surges in blood pressure with associated diaphoresis and anxiety that were difficult to control. He had additional episodes after discharge, requiring a second hospital admission. He was ultimately diagnosed with baroreflex failure syndrome and was managed with a three-drug regimen. He gradually improved and was symptom-free at seven months.

Conclusion:
Baroreflex failure syndrome should be considered in the setting of volatile hypertension following ACDF. Prompt recognition of this condition can lead to early referral to a specialist and may reduce patient morbidity.
Integrated Work Flow of Preserving Facies Realism in History Matching: Application to the Brugge Field
Authors: Chang Yuqing , Stordal Andreas S. , Valestrand Randi 
Published: February 2016

Summary
Data assimilation with ensemble-based inversion methods was successfully applied for parameter estimation in reservoir models. However, in certain complex-reservoir models, it remains challenging to estimate the model parameters and to preserve the geological realism simultaneously. In particular, when handling special-reservoir model parameters such as facies types concerning fluvial channels, one must realize that geological realism becomes one of the key concerns. The main objective of this work is to address these issues for a complex field with a newly extended version of a recently proposed facies-parameterization approach coupled with an ensemble-based data assimilation method. The proposed workflow combines the new facies parameterization and the adaptive gaussian mixture (AGM) filter into the data assimilation framework for channelized reservoirs. To handle discrete-facies parameters, we combine probability maps and truncated Gaussian fields to obtain a continuous parameterization of the facies fields. For the data assimilation, we use the AGM filter, which is an efficient history matching approach that incorporates a resampling routine that allows us to regenerate facies fields with information from the updated probability maps. This work flow is evaluated, for the first time, on a complex field case—the Brugge field. This reservoir model consists of layers with complex channelized structures and layers characterized by reservoir properties generated with variograms. With limited prior knowledge on the facies model, this work flow is shown to be able to preserve the channel continuity while reducing the reservoir model uncertainty with AGM. When applied to a complex reservoir, the proposed work flow provides a geologically consistent and realistic reservoir model that leads to improved capability of predicting subsurface flow behaviors.
Observations of Tensile Fracturing of Anisotropic Rocks
Authors: Mighani Saied , Sondergeld Carl H. , Rai Chandra S. 
Published: February 2016

Summary
Hydraulic fracturing is crucial to hydrocarbon recovery from resource plays and is essential to exploitation of geothermal energy. This process creates new tensile fractures and reactivates existing natural fractures, forming a highly conductive stimulated-reservoir volume (SRV) around the borehole. Although this process has been extensively studied and modeled for isotropic rock, only a limited number of studies have been performed for anisotropic rocks, such as shales, gneisses, and foliated granites. The fracturing process of anisotropic rocks such as shales is examined in this study. We divide the rock anisotropy into two anisotropic groups: conventional and veined. Two members of the conventional first group are Lyons sandstone, a brittle, quartz-dominated, low-porosity and -permeability, anisotropic (11%) material; and pyrophyllite, a monomineralic-clay-rich, strongly anisotropic (19%) metamorphic rock similar chemically and mechanically to shale with extremely low porosity and permeability. The second group consists of a suite of natural shale samples (18% anisotropy) from the Wolfcamp formation containing mineralized veins. Fracture initiation and propagation are studied during Brazilian tests. Strain gauges and acoustic-emission (AE) sensors record the deformation leading to and during failure. Scanning-electron-microscope (SEM) imaging and surface profilometry are used to study the post-failure fracture system and failed surface topology. Post-fracture permeability is measured as a function of effective stress. The influence of anisotropy on fracturing is investigated by rotating the sample-fabric direction relative to the loading axis through increments of 15°.
The rock microstructure, lamination, and brittleness control the activation of the layers. Lyons sandstone shows a wide brittle fracture with larger process zone with twice as much layer activation at lower stress levels than pyrophyllite. The fracturing process in veined shale is, however, a coupled function of rock fabric and mineral veins. The veins easily activate at 15° orientation with respect to the loading axis at stress levels of 30% of the unveined-failure load. The resulting unpropped fracture has enhanced permeability by orders of magnitude. We suggest that fracturing from a deviated well reduces the breakdown pressure significantly (compared with a vertical well) and activates a large number of veins with enhanced conductivity without the need for excessive proppant.
Transformation of Phosphorus Pools in an Agricultural Soil: An Application of Oxygen‐18 Labeling in Phosphate
Authors: Joshi Sunendra R. , Li Xiaona , Jaisi Deb P. 
Published: February 2016

Core Ideas
Transformation of P pools in soils can be tracked by 18O labeling of phosphate.
A suite of HCl‐extractable Pi with different δ18OP values can be precipitated in soil over time.
An interplay of biological and abiotic cycling of P could be better analyzed using δ18OP values.
Phosphorus is a key ingredient of fertilizers, and there is no other substitute for P in sustaining life and food production. Excess P in soils may be fixed and become agronomically inactive or removed as a result of leaching and soil erosion. In this research, we aimed to explore how a particular P pool transforms into another pool by applying 18O‐labeled phosphate in an agricultural soil. We analyzed the changes in concentrations and phosphate O‐isotope ratios (δ18OP) of four inorganic P (Pi) pools (H2O‐Pi, NaHCO3–Pi, NaOH‐Pi, and HCl‐Pi) along with soil chemistry to understand the roles of different biogeochemical processes changing isotope composition. By monitoring δ18OP values of four P pools, an active transformation from H2O‐Pi and NaHCO3–Pi to NaOH‐Pi and HCl‐Pi was identified. Transformation of originally bioavailable P to unavailable P such as HCl‐Pi allowed us to conclude that a suite of HCl‐Pi with different δ18OP values could be precipitated from the originally biologically cycled or bioavailable P pools. Thus, the isotope technique allowed tracking of short‐term transformation of readily bioavailable P to a less or non‐bioavailable P pool and to discriminate biological and chemical reactions during transformation. These findings support the burgeoning applications of δ18OP as a tracer of P cycling in soil and are expected to be useful for fertilizer application as well as nutrient management in soils.
Holocene changes in the conditions of sedimentation in the eastern part of Lake Jamno based on sediment profile JS-64
Authors: Bieniek Bartosz 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Changes in sedimentological conditions in Lake Jamno during its development throughout the Holocene are presented in this paper. For this purpose, selected granulometric and geochemical parameters were used, which describe the nature and dynamics of the environment, as well as determining primary production capacity and origin of the matter. On the basis of these parameters, the environmental conditions occurring in subsequent stages of lake development were distinguished.
Trophic diversity of Poznań Lakeland lakes
Authors: Dzieszko Piotr , Zwoliński Zbigniew 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The main goal of the presented work is to determine the current trophic state of 31 lakes located in Poznań Lakeland. These lakes are included in the lake monitoring programme executed by the Voivodship Environmental Protection Inspectorate in Poznań. The place in the trophic classification for investigated lakes was determined as well as the relationships between their trophic state indices. The trophic state of investigated lakes in the research area is poor. More than a half of the investigated lakes are eutrophic. Depending on the factor that is taken into account the trophic state of investigated lakes differs radically.
SCALING THE EARTH: A SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF TERRESTRIAL EXOPLANETARY INTERIOR MODELS
Authors: Unterborn C. T. , Dismukes E. E. , Panero W. R. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
An exoplanet’s structure and composition are first-order controls of the planet’s habitability. We explore which aspects of bulk terrestrial planet composition and interior structure affect the chief observables of an exoplanet: its mass and radius. We apply these perturbations to the Earth, the planet we know best. Using the mineral physics toolkit BurnMan to self-consistently calculate mass–radius models, we find that the core radius, the presence of light elements in the core, and an upper mantle consisting of low-pressure silicates have the largest effects on the final calculated mass at a given radius, none of which are included in current mass–radius models. We expand these results to provide a self-consistent grid of compositionally as well as structurally constrained terrestrial mass–radius models for quantifying the likelihood of exoplanets being “Earth-like.” We further apply this grid to Kepler-36b, finding that it is only ∼20% likely to be structurally similar to the Earth with Si/Fe = 0.9 compared with the Earth’s Si/Fe = 1 and the Sun’s Si/Fe = 1.19.