bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family‐based risk factors for non‐suicidal self‐injury: Considering influences of maltreatment, adverse family‐life experiences, and parent–child relational risk
Authors: Martin Jodi , Bureau Jean‐François , Yurkowski Kim , Fournier Tania Renaud , Lafontaine Marie‐France , Cloutier Paula 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe current investigation addressed the potential for unique influences of perceived childhood maltreatment, adverse family‐life events, and parent‐child relational trauma on the lifetime occurrence and addictive features of non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI). Participants included 957 undergraduate students (747 females; M = 20.14 years, SD = 3.88) who completed online questionnaires regarding the key variables under study. Although self‐injuring youth reported more experiences with each family‐based risk factor, different patterns of association were found when lifetime engagement in NSSI or its addictive features were under study. Perceived parent‐child relational trauma was uniquely linked with NSSI behavior after accounting for perceived childhood maltreatment; adverse family‐life events had an additional unique association. In contrast, perceived paternal maltreatment was uniquely related with NSSI's addictive features. Findings underline the importance of studying inter‐related family‐based risk factors of NSSI simultaneously for a comprehensive understanding of familial correlates of NSSI behavior and its underlying features.
Homeopathic therapy in pediatric atopic diseases: short- and long-term results
Authors: Picchi Marco , Bartoli Paola , Panozzo Marialessandra , Cervino Chiara , Nurra Linda , Rossi Elio 
Published: April 2016

Aim: To study the outcomes of atopic diseases in children treated with homeopathy at the Homeopathic Clinic of Lucca (Italy) and related long-term results after approximately an 8-year period.Materials and methods: Our data derive from an observational longitudinal study carried out on 857 pediatric patients who consecutive visited from 1998 to 2014. Children with atopic diseases were 325 (37.9%), 126 (39%) suffered from atopic dermatitis, 72 (22%) from allergic rhinitis, and 127 (39%) from asthma. Moreover, a long-term study was conducted on a subset of 107/165 patients, consecutively visited from 1998 to 2006, and with ≥5 years follow-up. The study also investigated the evolution of overall symptoms in those patients with a complex atopic symptomatology.Results: 75.8% of atopic children had moderate or major improvement (67.1% with asthma as the primary disease; 84.2% rhinitis; 84.2% dermatitis). At re-evaluation after 5–10 years, complete remission of atopic symptoms was obtained in 70.1% of the children: 84.2% in dermatitis; 48.1% in allergic rhinitis; 71.4% in asthma. Children with two or three atopic diseases at the first visit were completely cured in 40% of cases.Conclusion: The results seem to confirm that homeopathic medicine produces positive therapeutic response in atopic children.
Antioxidant effect of mesalazine in the experimental colitis model induced by acetic acid
Authors: Moura Rosa Maria , Hartmann Renata Minuzzo , Licks Francielli , Schemitt Elizângela Gonçalves , Colares Josieli Raskopf , do Couto Soares Mariana , Fillmann Lucio Sarubbi , Fillmann Henrique Sarubbi , Marroni Norma Possa 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroduction Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, without specific cause or pathogen.Objective The effect of mesalazine in a colitis model induced by acetic acid (AA) was evaluated.Methods We used 40 Wistar rats, ±350 g, divided into 4 groups: control (CO); control + mesalazine (CO + M); colitis (CL) and colitis + M (CL + M) at 24 and 48 h of treatment. The animals received the substances by an intracolonic enema of AA 4% and treatment with mesalazine PO 20 mg/kg after colitis induction.Results Mesalazine reduced tissue damage in the gut, normalized sphincter anal pressure levels and decreased lipid peroxidation, metabolites of nitric oxide and iNOS and NF-kB expression in the treated groups in both treatment time points (24 and 48 h), as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes.Conclusion Mesalazine was effective in reducing tissue damage and oxidative and inflammatory damage, restored antioxidant capacity and increased anal sphincter pressure levels, possibly due to its antioxidant effect.
Children and adolescents ostomized in a reference hospital. Epidemiological profile
Authors: dos Santos Orlando José , Sauaia Filho Euler Nicolau , Barros Filho Allan Kardec Duailibe , Desterro Vanessa Sousa , Teixeira Silva Maryjom Venicius , de Paula e Silva Prado Rosa , Santos Sauaia Cleres Helena 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Objectives To assess the epidemiological profile of children and adolescents with intestinal stoma, assisted at the Presidente Dutra University Hospital (HUPD), São Luís (MA).
Methods Observational, descriptive, retrospective, and individuated study. Data were collected from 110 children and adolescents with elimination intestinal stoma, from January 2006 to February 2013. The following variables were analyzed: age, gender, patient origin, and stomata indication, type, and temporal character. After data collection, descriptive analysis was made by Bioestat 5.0 program.
Results Of 110 patients, 78.2% were male and 21.8% female. The average age was 9.4 years old. 55.5% came from the Maranhão state countryside, and 44.5% from the capital, São Luís. Regarding stoma type, colostomies made up 88.2%, and were 11.8% ileostomies, all temporary stoma. The main cause was trauma (42.7%), with firearm abdominal puncture being the most frequent cause (71.5% of the category); followed by congenital anomalies (38.2%), and obstructive (5.4%) and inflammatory (4.5%) causes.
Conclusion Studied children and adolescents were mostly male, from Maranhão state countryside. The main cause was trauma, and colostomy was the most common stoma type.
Use of Miniplates and Local Bone Grafts to Prevent Spring Back in Laminoplasty for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Yuk Lee Michelle Syn , Yau Lau Pui , Sze Luk Karen Man , Raymond Wong Nang Man , Wing Lau Sun , Lung Choi Tsz , Hang Ngai Yik 
Published: April 2016

Background/Purpose Cervical spondylotic myelopathy/ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament can be treated by anterior or posterior decompression. For multiple levels, it is common to perform posterior decompression by laminoplasty. Hirabayashi described his open-door expansive laminoplasty in 1977, which soon became popular. Spring back of the lamina has always been a problem. Many methods including suturing to soft tissue, suture anchors, bone grafts, hydroxyapatite blocks, and ceramic spacers were used to prevent this problem, but with considerable failure. Recently, miniplates were used to prevent spring back. Methods Twenty-nine consecutive patients who had underwent Hirabayashi open-door expansive laminoplasty in a single centre were recruited in this retrospective study. Miniplates were used to keep the laminae open. In addition, the spinous processes of lower cervical vertebrae were excised and used as local bone grafts to fill the gap between the cut laminae. Computerized tomography scans were performed postoperatively for all patients to assess bone union and spring back. Results A total of 126 levels of laminoplasty and 51 local bone grafts were studied. The minimal follow-up period was 12 months. Signs of bone union were demonstrated in 123 hinges (97.6%) and 51 bone grafts (100%). No spring back was detected. The clinical outcome in terms of Hirabayashi recovery rate was 47.2%. Conclusion Miniplates and local bone grafts are promising and effective tools for preventing spring back in cervical laminoplasty.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction Among Resident Survivors of the Tsunami That Followed the Great East Japan Earthquake, March 11, 2011
Authors: Matsubara Chieko , Murakami Hitoshi , Imai Koubun , Mizoue Tetsuya , Akashi Hidechika , Miyoshi Chiaki , Nakasa Tamotsu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe Great East Japan Earthquake triggered a massive tsunami that devastated the coasts of northern Japan on March 11, 2011. Despite the large number of “resident survivors,” who have continued to reside on the upper floors of damaged houses, few studies have examined the mental health of these residents. We explored the prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress reaction (PTSR) among resident survivors.MethodsA cross-sectional household screening for health support needs was conducted among resident survivors in Higashi-Matsushima city, Miyagi, 2 to 4 months after the tsunami. Questions assessing PTSR were included in the screening interviews.ResultsOf 5103 resident survivors, 5.7% experienced PTSR. PTSR risk factors, identified via regression analysis, differed according to the height of house flooding. When house flooding remained below the ground floor, PTSR was significantly associated with being female and regular psychotropic medication intake. These 2 factors in addition to being middle-aged or elderly and living alone were also risk factors when flood levels were above the ground floor.ConclusionsFollowing the tsunami, PTSR was found in a considerable number of resident survivors. Attention and support for people who use psychiatric medication, their families, and people living alone are suggested as possible directions for public health strategies. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 8)
J.G. Crowther's War: Institutional strife at the BBC and British Council
Authors: JONES ALLAN 
Published: April 2016

AbstractScience writer, historian and administrator J.G. Crowther (1899–1983) had an uneasy relationship with the BBC during the 1920s and 1930s, and was regarded with suspicion by the British security services because of his left politics. Nevertheless the Second World War saw him working for ‘establishment’ institutions. He was closely associated with the BBC's Overseas Service and employed by the British Council's Science Committee. Both organizations found Crowther useful because of his wide, international knowledge of science and scientists. Crowther's political views, and his international aspirations for the British Council's Science Committee, increasingly embroiled him in an institutional conflict with the Royal Society and with its president, Sir Henry Dale, who was also chairman of the British Council's Science Committee. The conflict centred on the management of international scientific relations, a matter close Crowther's heart, and to Dale's. Dale considered that the formal conduct of international scientific relations was the Royal Society's business rather than the British Council's. Crowther disagreed, and eventually resigned from the British Council Science Committee in 1946. The article expands knowledge of Crowther by drawing on archival documents to elucidate a side of his career that is only lightly touched on in his memoirs. It shows that ‘Crowther's war’ was also an institutional war between the Science Committee of the British Council and the Royal Society. Crowther's unhappy experience of interference by the Royal Society plausibly accounts for a retreat from his pre-war view that institutional science should plan and manage BBC science broadcasts.
Iron-modulated pseudocyst formation inTritrichomonas foetus
Authors: CASTRO CÁSSIA , MENNA-BARRETO RUBEM FIGUEIREDO SADOK , FERNANDES NILMA DE SOUZA , SABOIA-VAHIA LEONARDO , DIAS-LOPES GEOVANE , BRITTO CONSTANÇA , CUERVO PATRICIA , DE JESUS JOSÉ BATISTA 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYIron is an essential element for the survival of trichomonads during host–parasite interaction. The availability of this metal modulates several metabolic pathways of the parasites and regulates the expression of virulence factors such as adhesins and proteolytic enzymes. In this study, we investigated the effect of iron depletion on the morphology and life cycle ofTritrichomonas foetus. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that depletion of iron from the culture medium (named TYM-DIP inducer medium) induces morphological transformation of typical pear-shaped trophozoites into spherical and non-motile pseudocysts. Remarkably, inoculation of pseudocysts into an iron-rich medium (standard TYM medium), or addition of FeSO4to a TYM-DIP inducer medium reverted the morphological transformation process and typical trophozoites were recovered. These results show that pseudocysts are viable forms of the parasite and highlight the role of iron as a modulator of the parasite phenotype. Although iron is required for the survival ofT. foetus, iron depletion does not cause a cellular collapse of pseudocysts, but instead induces phenotypic alterations, probably in order to allow the parasite to survive conditions of nutritional stress. Together, these findings support previous studies that suggest pseudocysts are a resistance form in the life cycle ofT. foetusand enable new approaches to understanding the multifactorial role of iron in the cell biology of this protozoan parasite.
Nietzsche's Political Engagements: On the Relationship between Philosophy and Politics in The Wanderer and His Shadow
Authors: Fortier Jeremy 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn Nietzsche's early and late writings, he appears as an antimodern, antiliberal political revolutionary, championing the world-transformative characters of (first) Richard Wagner and (later) Zarathustra. By contrast, in the writings of his “middle period,” Nietzsche struck up a rapprochement with the modern world, and developed the ideal of a “free spirit.” Among those writings, The Wanderer and His Shadow sheds the most revealing light on the free spirit ideal. It shows that, even as Nietzsche sought to avoid some of the hazards associated with his more revolutionary writings, he continued to advocate a sharply critical engagement with political and cultural life. And it reveals what Nietzsche understood to be most challenging or problematic about the free spirit ideal—and, thereby, what later moved him away from it.
Cross-Cultural Intelligibility and the Use of History: From Democracy and Liberalism to Indian Rajanical Thought
Authors: Gray Stuart 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWhile numerous methodological and interpretive challenges confront the study of cross-cultural political theory, this essay examines a particular premodern Indian tradition as an example of such difficulties and one way in which they can be overcome. Exploring the problematic ways in which people have interpreted and made use of India's ancient past, it critically examines arguments for the existence of secularism, free elections, and democratic assemblies in the Vedas. Defending what I call a “critical revivalist” position, it is argued that predominant approaches to premodern traditions in contemporary Indian political theory place significant constraints on cross-cultural intelligibility and theory building within the Indian context. To elaborate this point, I shift from a “political” to rājan-oriented categorical register in an effort to reposition current understandings of self-rule (swaraj) in India within a broader rajanical tradition. Finally, this essay explains how contemporary Indian political theory can draw insights from this native tradition without necessarily reverting to familiar Western idioms.
Waning population immunity prior to a large Q fever epidemic in the south of The Netherlands
Authors: BRANDWAGT D. A. H. , HERREMANS T. , SCHNEEBERGER P. M. , HACKERT V. H. , HOEBE C. J. P. A. , PAGET J. , VAN DER HOEK W. 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYHistorical survey data suggest that the seroprevalence of antibodies againstCoxiella burnetiiin the general population of The Netherlands decreased from more than 40% in 1983 to 2·4% in 2007, just before the start of the large 2007–2010 Q fever epidemic. To assess whether the sharp decline in seroprevalence was real, we performed a cross-sectional study using historical samples. We tested samples using a contemporary commercial indirect immunofluorescence assay. In plasma samples from the south of The Netherlands from 1987, we found an age- and sex-standardized seroprevalence of 14·4% (95% confidence interval 11·2–18·3). This was significantly lower than a 1983 estimate from the same area (62·5%), but significantly higher than 2008 (1·0%) and 2010 (2·3%) estimates from the same area. The study suggests that there was a steady and sharp decline in Q fever seroprevalence in the south of The Netherlands from 1987 to 2008. We assume that seroprevalence has decreased in other parts of The Netherlands as well and seroprevalence surveys in other European countries have shown a similar declining trend. Waning population immunity in The Netherlands may have contributed to the scale of the 2007–2010 Q fever epidemic. For a better understanding of the infection dynamics of Q fever, we advocate an international comparative study of the seroprevalence ofC. burnetii.
Governance of Migrant Worker Recruitment: A Rights-Based Framework for Countries of Origin
Authors: FARBENBLUM Bassina 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA vast private recruitment industry has emerged across South and Southeast Asia, driven by exponential increases in migrant workers seeking temporary low-wage jobs abroad. Many workers encounter mistreatment which is traceable to systemic recruiter misconduct. Could origin countries better protect their citizens and render recruiters more accountable? This paper presents a novel, rights-based recruitment governance framework to tackle this challenge, based on empirical studies conducted across Asia. Section I examines recent regulatory efforts and illustrates their limited effectiveness absent such a guiding framework. Section II elucidates and applies the key elements of the framework, including: incorporation of human rights standards; enforceable legal rights and obligations; effective implementing institutions and processes; and empowered participation of migrant workers in key labour migration processes and decisions. Section III identifies structural and practical obstacles to regulatory enforcement that the framework addresses, creating necessary conditions for transnational market-based reforms and responsible recruitment within origin countries. Section IV concludes that the framework provides countries of origin with a feasible path to better protecting migrant workers within a sustainable development strategy.
A novel differentiation pathway from CD4+ T cells to CD4− T cells for maintaining immune system homeostasis
Authors: Zhao X , Sun G , Sun X , Tian D , Liu K , Liu T , Cong M , Xu H , Li X , Shi W , Tian Y , Yao J , Guo H , Zhang D 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCD4+ T lymphocytes are key players in the adaptive immune system and can differentiate into a variety of effector and regulatory T cells. Here, we provide evidence that a novel differentiation pathway of CD4+ T cells shifts the balance from a destructive T-cell response to one that favors regulation in an immune-mediated liver injury model. Peripheral CD4−CD8−NK1.1− double-negative T cells (DNT) was increased following Concanavalin A administration in mice. Adoptive transfer of DNT led to significant protection from hepatocyte necrosis by direct inhibition on the activation of lymphocytes, a process that occurred primarily through the perforin-granzyme B route. These DNT converted from CD4+ rather than CD8+ T cells, a process primarily regulated by OX40. DNT migrated to the liver through the CXCR3-CXCL9/CXCL10 interaction. In conclusion, we elucidated a novel differentiation pathway from activated CD4+ T cells to regulatory DNT cells for maintaining homeostasis of the immune system in vivo, and provided key evidence that utilizing this novel differentiation pathway has potential application in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Parthenolide and DMAPT exert cytotoxic effects on breast cancer stem-like cells by inducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and necrosis
Authors: Carlisi D , Buttitta G , Di Fiore R , Scerri C , Drago-Ferrante R , Vento R , Tesoriere G 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are aggressive forms of breast carcinoma associated with a high rate of recidivism. In this paper, we report the production of mammospheres from three lines of TNBC cells and demonstrate that both parthenolide (PN) and its soluble analog dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT) suppressed this production and induced cytotoxic effects in breast cancer stem-like cells, derived from dissociation of mammospheres. In particular, the drugs exerted a remarkable inhibitory effect on viability of stem-like cells. Such an effect was suppressed by N-acetylcysteine, suggesting a role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the cytotoxic effect. Instead z-VAD, a general inhibitor of caspase activity, was ineffective. Analysis of ROS generation, performed using fluorescent probes, showed that both the drugs stimulated in the first hours of treatment a very high production of hydrogen peroxide. This event was, at least in part, a consequence of activation of NADPH oxidases (NOXs), as it was reduced by apocynin and diphenylene iodinium, two inhibitors of NOXs. Moreover, both the drugs caused downregulation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), which is a critical regulator of the intracellular antioxidant response. Prolonging the treatment with PN or DMAPT we observed between 12 and 24 h that the levels of both superoxide anion and hROS increased in concomitance with the downregulation of manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase. In addition, during this phase dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential occurred together with necrosis of stem-like cells. Finally, our results suggested that the effect on ROS generation found in the first hours of treatment was, in part, responsible for the cytotoxic events observed in the successive phase. In conclusion, PN and DMAPT markedly inhibited viability of stem-like cells derived from three lines of TNBCs by inducing ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell necrosis.
Estimation of a general time-dependent Hamiltonian for a single qubit
Authors: de Clercq L. E. , Oswald R. , Flühmann C. , Keitch B. , Kienzler D. , Lo H. -Y. , Marinelli M. , Nadlinger D. , Negnevitsky V. , Home J. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Hamiltonian of a closed quantum system governs its complete time evolution. While Hamiltonians with time-variation in a single basis can be recovered using a variety of methods, for more general Hamiltonians the presence of non-commuting terms complicates the reconstruction. Here using a single trapped ion, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a method for estimating a time-dependent Hamiltonian of a single qubit. We measure the time evolution of the qubit in a fixed basis as a function of a time-independent offset term added to the Hamiltonian. The initially unknown Hamiltonian arises from transporting an ion through a static laser beam. Hamiltonian estimation allows us to estimate the spatial beam intensity profile and the ion velocity as a function of time. The estimation technique is general enough that it can be applied to other quantum systems, aiding the pursuit of high-operational fidelities in quantum control.