bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Range, genetic diversity and future of the threatened butterfly, Pieris virginiensis
Authors: Davis Sam L. , Cipollini Don 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Pieris virginiensis, the West Virginia White butterfly, faces severe potential habitat loss and degradation of existing suitable habitat in the near future from climate change and plant invasion. Increasing isolation and local extinction events resulting from deforestation and climate change have a chance to significantly impact the future of this butterfly.

We used genetic analysis and spatial modelling techniques to estimate the current spatial and genetic scope of P. virginiensis.

We used linear modelling and machine learning to predict the occurrence of P. virginiensis through space and time using occurrence records between 1879 and 2014 and environmental predictors from a world climate dataset.

We predicted the future occurrence of P. virginiensis with climate projections for the year 2070.

We sequenced the cytochrome oxidase I, and the internal transcribed spacer region I, in the mitrochondrial and nuclear genomes, respectively, then used a combination of genetic diversity measures and phylogeny construction to evaluate the genetic diversity of P. virginiensis.

We found that latitude accounts for nearly one‐fifth of the variation in emergence date.

Spatial models predicted that P. virginiensis may lose up to 60% of available habitat in the next 50 years.

Genetic data indicated some isolation in an Ohio population's COI gene, and low genetic diversity across the range of P. virginiensis in ITS. These may be indicative of either the last glacial expansion or a more recent disturbance.

A large effective population size indicates that P. virginiensis are not yet nearing extinction.
Osteogenic cell response to calcium aluminate‐based cement
Authors: Castro‐Raucci L. M. S. , Teixeira L. N. , Oliveira I. R. , Raucci‐Neto W. , Jacobovitz M. , Rosa A. L. , de Oliveira P. T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of a calcium aluminate‐based cement (CAC+) on the development of the osteogenic phenotype in vitro.MethodologyRat calvaria‐derived cells were grown on Thermanox® coverslips for 24 h and then exposed to either samples (4‐h set) of CAC+ or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) placed on Transwell® inserts for periods of up to 14 days. Nonexposed cultures were used as the controls. The comparisons were made using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls post hoc test when appropriate.ResultsThe results showed that proximity to MTA or CAC+ samples inhibited cell growth, whereas at a distance, viable and proliferative cells adhered to and spread on the Thermanox®, expressing osteoblast differentiation markers prior to mineralization of the extracellular matrix. Compared with MTA, the osteogenic cell cultures exposed to CAC+ exhibited significantly greater cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runt‐related transcription factor 2, osterix, ALP, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin (P < 0.05 for all). For the osteogenic cell cultures exposed to CAC+, the quantification of matrix mineralization was not altered (P > 0.05).ConclusionsCAC+ supported the acquisition of the osteogenic cell phenotype in vitro, rendering this novel material a potential alternative to MTA in endodontic procedures. Further in vivo studies are needed to verify if the beneficial in vitro effects of CAC+ on osteoblastic cells correspond to an increase and/or acceleration of bone repair in the periapical region.
Human dental pulp cells response to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and MTA Plus: cytotoxicity and gene expression analysis
Authors: Rodrigues E. M. , Cornélio A. L. G. , Mestieri L. B. , Fuentes A. S. C. , Salles L. P. , Rossa‐Junior C. , Faria G. , Guerreiro‐Tanomaru J. M. , Tanomaru‐Filho M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate the cytotoxicity, osteogenic bioactivity and mRNA expression of osteogenic markers of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2), osteocalcin (OC) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) induced by the extracts of set MTA Plus (MTA P) (Avalon Biomed Inc. Bradenton, FL, USA) in comparison with MTA (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs).MethodologyCell viability was assessed by mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymatic (MTT) assay, and the mechanism of cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry. Bioactivity was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and detection of calcium deposits with alizarin red staining (ARS). The gene expression of BMP‐2, OC and ALP was quantified with real‐time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and Bonferroni or Tukey post‐test (α = 0.05).ResultsMTA and MTA P were not cytotoxic and did not induce apoptosis. MTA P had significant higher ALP activity in relation to MTA and the control (P < 0.05). MTA had a significantly higher percentage of mineralized area than MTA P (P < 0.05). The expression of BMP2 and OC mRNA was significantly higher in cells exposed to MTA than MTA P after 1 day (P < 0.05). At day 3, the mRNA expression of ALP was significantly higher in MTA P compared with MTA (P < 0.05).ConclusionsMTA and MTA Plus were noncytotoxic, increased mineralization processes in vitro and induced the expression of osteogenic markers.
Predicting pre‐ and postoperative pain of endodontic origin in a southern Brazilian subpopulation: an electronic database study
Authors: Gomes M. S. , Böttcher D. E. , Scarparo R. K. , Morgental R. D. , Waltrick S. B. G. , Ghisi A. C. , Rahde N. M. , Borba M. G. , Blomberg L. C. , Figueiredo J. A. P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimTo determine the prevalence of preoperative endodontic pain (PREP) and the incidence of postoperative endodontic pain (POEP), identifying the predictors of PREP and POEP in a southern Brazilian subpopulation, using clinical data from an electronic chart database (ECD).MethodologyThis retrospective observational study included 563 consecutive individuals presenting for root canal treatment (RCT). Patients were treated by undergraduate and graduate students, following standard RCT protocols. Demographic, medical and dental variables were extracted from a pre‐structured and standardized ECD. The main outcomes PREP and incident POEP were collected through a 0–10 numeric rating scale, dichotomized as none/mild (<4) or moderate/severe (≥4) pain. Predictive models calculating the prevalence ratios (PR) of PREP and the relative risks (RR) of incident POEP were carried out with Poisson regression analysis, estimating the relationship between clinical factors, PREP and incident POEP.ResultsMean age at baseline was 49.2 ± 17.1 years, with 68.4% women. The prevalence and incidence of moderate/severe PREP and POEP were 44.4% and 3.8%, respectively. RCT intervention significantly reduced PREP (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that group of teeth, location (mandibular teeth), pulpitis, necrotic pulp, preoperative swelling and periapical radiolucency were independently associated with moderate/severe PREP, whilst age ≥60 years and root canal retreatments were independent protective factors to PREP (P < 0.05). No demographic, medical or dental variables were associated with POEP, although molar teeth (RR = 4.23, 95%CI = 0.93–19.2, P = 0.056) had a borderline nonsignificant association.ConclusionsModerate/severe PREP was independently associated with age, group of teeth, location, preoperative swelling, retreatments and pulp and periapical status. No demographic, medical or dental variable predicted moderate/severe POEP following RCT amongst this subpopulation.
Natural history of hematospermia in 189 Japanese men
Authors: Furuya Seiji , Masumori Naoya , Takayanagi Akio 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo prospectively investigate the natural history of hematospermia.MethodsThis study included 189 patients with hematospermia. All the patients underwent watchful waiting without any empirical treatment.ResultsThe median observation period was 52 months. Hematospermia resolved spontaneously in 168 (88.9%) of the 189 patients, and the median disease duration was 1.5 months. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the persistence rates of hematospermia were 57.7% at 1 month, 34.2% at 3 months, 23.3% at 6 months, 12.5% at 1 year and 7.6% at 2 years. Hematospermia reoccurred in 20 (13.5%) of the 148 patients who had adequate follow up. The recurrence‐free rates were 96.6% at 3 months, 89.0% at 1 year, 84.8% at 5 years and 78.2% at 10 years. Multivariate analysis showed that seminal vesicle hemorrhage and a midline cyst of the prostate were significant factors to predict the duration of hematospermia until spontaneous resolution. The nine patients with persisting hematospermia for more than 1 year were treated with transurethral endoscopic surgery (unroofing of the midline cyst in six, and transurethral resection of the ejaculatory duct in three), and hematospermia resolved postoperatively in all these patients.ConclusionsIn patients with hematospermia without inflammation, infection or malignancy, it is important to provide information on the possibility that symptoms will resolve spontaneously and to implement measures to relieve their anxiety. Detection of seminal vesicle hemorrhage and a midline cyst of the prostate is important for prediction of the duration of hematospermia.
Changes of sexual function and perception in Japanese men: A 15‐year cross‐sectional community‐based study
Authors: Takayanagi Akio , Kobayashi Ko , Fukuta Fumimasa , Matsuki Masahiro , Matsuda Yohei , Mori Mitsuru , Masumori Naoya 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the longitudinal changes of sexual function of Japanese men.MethodsFrom 1992 to 1993, we carried out a cross‐sectional community‐based study on sexual function in Japanese men aged 40–79 years. After 15 years, a follow‐up study was carried out to determine longitudinal changes of their sexual function. Of the 319 participants in the initial study, 135 participated again in the follow‐up study. Sexual function was assessed using the same validated questionnaire in the two studies.ResultsErectile rigidity declined in men of each age decade at baseline (40s, 50s, 60s and 70s) of the initial study (P < 0.01, <0.01, <0.01 and <0.05). The frequency of sexual drive was significantly decreased in men aged in their 40s, 50s and 60s (P < 0.05, <0.01 and <0.01). Men aged in their 40s were dissatisfied with their decreased sexual function (P < 0.05). In contrast, men aged in their 70s were satisfied with their sexual life (P < 0.01).ConclusionsOver a 15‐year period, the sexual function of Japanese men declined in each age decade. However, the perception of this decline differed among different age group. Most elderly Japanese men did not worry about their impaired sexual function.
Lack of detectable fetal microchimerism in psoriasis vulgaris lesions and in non‐affected skin in spite of its presence in peripheral bloodCD34‐positive andCD34‐negative cells
Authors: Niepiekło‐Miniewska W. , Baran W. , Szepietowski J.C. , Nowakowska B. , Kuśnierczyk P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundMicrochimerism is defined as a stable presence of low numbers of cells derived from a different individual due to cell transfer between twins or between mother and fetus during pregnancy.ObjectiveFetal cells in the organism of the mother (FMc) are postulated to play a role in autoimmune diseases. Psoriasis is a disease which has an autoimmune component, but no study on microchimerism in this disease has been reported.MethodsThe easiest way to detect microchimerism is to look for male cells in blood or other tissues of a woman who previously delivered a son. Here, we looked for the presence of male cells in mononuclear cell subpopulations from peripheral blood and in skin samples of women with psoriasis and of healthy women.ResultsWe detectedFMc in similar proportions of patients and controls inCD4+,CD8+ andCD34+ cells, whereas inCD34‐ cells they were present in higher fraction of controls, and similar but non‐significant difference was observed inCD19+ cells. No microchimeric cells were detected in patients' skin samples, both from affected and non‐affected skin, or in skin tissue from healthy control individuals.ConclusionOur result does not prove the involvement of microchimerism in the aetiology of psoriasis.
Treating onychomycosis with the short‐pulsed 1064‐nm‐Nd:YAG laser: results of a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Karsai S. , Jäger M. , Oesterhelt A. , Weiss C. , Schneider S.W. , Jünger M. , Raulin C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe role of the short‐pulsed 1064‐nm‐Nd:YAG laser in treating onychomycosis has been the subject of controversial discussion ever since it received FDA approval in 2010. Research to date provides no valid conclusions supporting its use from an evidence‐based perspective.ObjectiveIn this prospective randomized controlled pilot study, we analysed the effect of the short‐pulsed 1064‐nm‐Nd:YAG laser on the rate of mycological remission and clinical improvement after excluding relevant confounders with regard to our previous studies.Patients and methodsTwenty patients with a total of 82 mycotic toenails were randomized to the treatment group (short‐pulsed 1064‐nm‐Nd:YAG laser) or control group (no laser treatment). We conducted four laser treatments at 4‐ to 6‐week intervals. In both groups, a local antimycotic agent was applied to the sole of the foot, the area between the toes and the skin directly surrounding the nails. The primary endpoint was complete remission of the onychomycosis after 12 months (fungal culture and histology); secondary endpoints included clinical improvement (Onychomycosis Severity Index, OSI) and the occurrence of pain or other adverse events.ResultsMycological remission was not achieved in either study group. A comparison of both groups yielded no difference in the OSI score, both at the beginning of the trial (P = 0.9873) and after 12 months (P = 0.4317). In the treatment group, the OSI score worsened by a mean 2.0 points, and in the control group, by a mean 3.5 points. On a visual analogue scale (0 = ‘no pain’ to 10 = ‘most intense pain’), pain in the treatment group was indicated at a mean score of five. Other adverse events were not reported.ConclusionsThe short‐pulsed 1064‐nm‐Nd:YAG laser shows no long‐term efficacy as a monotherapy. Its role as an adjuvant therapy should be investigated in upcoming trials.
The total opportunity for sexual selection and the integration of pre‐ and post‐mating episodes of sexual selection in a complex world
Authors: Evans J. P. , Garcia‐Gonzalez F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIt is well known that sexual selection can target reproductive traits during successive pre‐ and post‐mating episodes of selection. A key focus of recent studies has been to understand and quantify how these episodes of sexual selection interact to determine overall variance in reproductive success. In this article, we review empirical developments in this field but also highlight the considerable variability in patterns of pre‐ and post‐mating sexual selection, attributable to variation in patterns of resource acquisition and allocation, ecological and social factors, genotype‐by‐environment interaction and possible methodological factors that might obscure such patterns. Our aim is to highlight how (co)variances in pre‐ and post‐mating sexually selected traits can be sensitive to changes in a range of ecological and environmental variables. We argue that failure to capture this variation when quantifying the opportunity for sexual selection may lead to erroneous conclusions about the strength, direction or form of sexual selection operating on pre‐ and post‐mating traits. Overall, we advocate for approaches that combine measures of pre‐ and post‐mating selection across contrasting environmental or ecological gradients to better understand the dynamics of sexual selection in polyandrous species. We also discuss some directions for future research in this area.
The impact of digging on craniodental morphology and integration
Authors: McIntosh A. F. , Cox P. G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe relationship between the form and function of the skull has been the subject of a great deal of research, much of which has concentrated on the impact of feeding on skull shape. However, there are a number of other behaviours that can influence craniodental morphology. Previous work has shown that subterranean rodents that use their incisors to dig (chisel‐tooth digging) have a constrained cranial shape, which is probably driven by a necessity to create high bite forces at wide gapes. Chisel‐tooth‐digging rodents also have an upper incisor root that is displaced further back into the cranium compared with other rodents. This study quantified cranial shape and upper incisors of a phylogenetically diverse sample of rodents to determine if chisel‐tooth‐digging rodents differ in craniodental morphology. The study showed that the crania of chisel‐tooth‐digging rodents shared a similar place in morphospace, but a strong phylogenetic signal within the sample meant that this grouping was nonsignificant. It was also found that the curvature of the upper incisor in chisel‐tooth diggers was significantly larger than in other rodents. Interestingly, most subterranean rodents in the sample (both chisel‐tooth and scratch diggers) had upper incisors that were better able to resist bending than those of terrestrial rodents, presumably due to their similar diets of tough plant materials. Finally, the incisor variables and cranial shape were not found to covary consistently in this sample, highlighting the complex relationship between a species’ evolutionary history and functional morphology.
Determinants for clinical events in gallstone carriers unaware of their gallstones
Authors: Shabanzadeh Daniel Mønsted , Sørensen Lars Tue , Jørgensen Torben 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground and AimKnowledge about determinants for clinical events in gallstone carriers is missing. The aim of this cohort study was to identify determinants of clinical gallstone events during long‐term follow‐up of a population unaware of their gallstones.MethodsThree randomly selected groups from the general population of Copenhagen (n = 6 037) underwent ultrasound examinations to detect gallstones in the period 1982–1994. Participants unaware of gallstone (n = 595) were followed up for clinical gallstone events through central registers until December 31, 2011. Follow‐up length was median 17.5 years and 99.8% complete. Cox regression analyses were performed.ResultsGallstone events occurred in 16.6% participants of whom 7.2% were complicated and 9.4% were uncomplicated. Total events were associated with body mass index. Complicated events were associated with coffee consumption, vocational training, and inversely association to a higher physical activity level when compared with being sedentary. Multiple adjusted models confirmed association for total events and body mass index and for complicated events and physical activity. No significant associations were identified for alcohol, coffee, diet, smoking, or visits to general practitioner and clinical events.ConclusionsBody mass index, vocational training, and physical activity level were associated with clinical events in long‐term follow‐up of unaware gallstone carriers. Future trials should investigate clinical effects of lifestyle and medical interventions in gallstone carriers.
A model predicting survival of patients with recurrent or progressive hepatocellular carcinoma: the MORE score
Authors: Choi Sang Il , Yu Ami , Kim Bo Hyun , Ko Eun Jeong , Park Soon Seob , Nam Byung‐Ho , Park Joong‐Won 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground and AimMost prognostic models for hepatocellular carcinoma are based on data at the time of diagnosis. However, the disease frequently recurs or progresses after initial treatment, with changes in tumor burden and clinical status. Therefore, we developed a risk score model to predict survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients at the time of disease recurrence or progression.MethodsOf 1972 patients newly diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma at the National Cancer Center, Korea, between January 2004 and December 2009, 1301 with recurrent or progressive disease were enrolled. They were randomly classified into a development (75%, n = 976) and a validation cohort (25%, n = 325). A survival prediction method was established in the development cohort using the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, and its performance was evaluated on the validation cohort.ResultsA model predicting survival of patients with recurrent or progressive hepatocellular carcinoma was developed using some known independent prognostic factors for overall survival: age, albumin, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, tumor burden, serum alpha‐fetoprotein level, and presence of ascites. In addition, initial treatment modality and best response after initial treatment were also independent prognostic factors and were incorporated in the model. The C‐statistics and χ2 statistics of this novel score for the validation cohort were 0.808 (95% CI: 0.781–0.834) and 4.408 for 3‐year survival.ConclusionsA new model to predict survival of patients with recurrent or progressive hepatocellular carcinoma was developed and validated. This model may be useful for planning subsequent treatments.
Effects of Auricular Acupressure Therapy on Primary Dysmenorrhea for Female High School Students in South Korea
Authors: Cha Nam Hyun , Sok Sohyune R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo examine the effect of auricular acupressure therapy on primary dysmenorrhea among female high school students in South Korea.DesignA randomized controlled trial was employed.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 91 female high school students, with 45 participants in the experimental group and 46 in the control group in two regions of South Korea. The average age of the participants was 16.7 years, and the average age of menarche was 12.2 years. Auricular acupressure therapy including an auricular acupressure needle on skin paper tape was applied on an ear for 3 days during periods of extreme primary dysmenorrhea. The acupoint names were Jagung, Sinmun, Gyogam, and Naebunbi. For the placebo control group, only the skin paper tape without an auricular acupressure needle was applied on the same acupoints. Measures used were the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire to assess primary dysmenorrhea, and the visual analog scale to assess abdominal and back pain of participants.FindingsThere were significant differences on abdominal pain (t = 24.594, p < .001), back pain (t = 22.661, p < .001), and primary dysmenorrhea (t = 32.187, p < .001) between the two groups. Auricular acupressure therapy decreased abdominal pain, back pain, and primary dysmenorrhea of female high school students in South Korea.ConclusionsAuricular acupressure therapy was an effective intervention for alleviating abdominal pain, back pain, and primary dysmenorrhea of female high school students in South Korea. For feasibility of the auricular acupressure therapy in practice, it is needed to train and learn the exact positions of acupoints in ear.Clinical RelevanceHealth providers should consider providing auricular acupressure therapy as an alternative method for reducing abdominal and back pain, and primary dysmenorrhea in female high school students in South Korea.