bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocarditis and Kawasaki disease
Authors: Dionne Audrey , Dahdah Nagib 
Published: November 2017

AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) is the most common vasculitis of childhood. Coronary artery aneurysms and myocarditis are common cardiovascular complications of KD. While evidence of myocarditis can be found in all patients with KD on histology specimens, only a minority of patients are clinically symptomatic. Occasionally children can present with KD shock syndrome and hemodynamic instability as a result of decreased systolic function and vasoplegia. Several children with KD have depressed shortening fraction on echocardiography. Increased end‐systolic and end‐diastolic dimensions, strain abnormalities and diastolic dysfunction are also found in a significant proportion of patients. Echocardiographic signs of myocarditis improve after the acute phase and do so more quickly in patients who have received intravenous immunoglobulins, as opposed to those given only aspirin. Normalization of systolic function is typically observed over long‐term follow‐up; however, more subtle abnormalities (strain, diastolic function) may persist. It is noteworthy that myocarditis associated with KD can occur in absence of coronary artery abnormalities. KD myocarditis can result in long‐term sequelae.
An Exploration of Nursing Students’ Clinical Decision‐Making Process
Authors: Zaybak Ayten , Özdemir Handan , Erol Ahmet , Ismailoğlu Elif Günay 
Published: November 2017

PURPOSEThis study was carried out descriptively and retrospectively with the purpose of determining nursing diagnoses used by intern students in their clinical practice.METHODSThe study data were obtained by checking the care plans of the internship files of 248 students studying at a nursing faculty.FINDINGSThe students determined 77 different nursing diagnoses in 13 domains of North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA)‐I taxonomy II. The total number of nursing diagnosis used in the care plans was 1,469.CONCLUSIONMost of the diagnoses determined by the students were in the “safety/ protection” domain; however, they determined no diagnoses in the “life principles” domain.
Specific anesthesia‐induced lung volume changes from induction to emergence: a pilot study
Authors: Kostic P. , LoMauro A. , Larsson A. , Hedenstierna G. , Frykholm P. , Aliverti A. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundStudies aimed at maintaining intraoperative lung volume to reduce post‐operative pulmonary complications have been inconclusive because they mixed up the effect of general anesthesia and the surgical procedure. Our aims were to study: (1) lung volume during the entire course of anesthesia without the confounding effects of surgical procedures; (2) the combination of three interventions to maintain lung volume; and (3) the emergence phase with focus on the restored activation of the respiratory muscles.MethodsEighteen ASA I–II patients undergoing ENT surgery under general anesthesia without muscle relaxants were randomized to an intervention group, receiving lung recruitment maneuver (LRM) after induction, 7 cmH2O positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anesthesia and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during emergence with 0.4 inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) or a control group, ventilated without LRM, with 0 cmH2O PEEP, and 1.0 FiO2 during emergence without CPAP application. End‐expiratory lung volume (EELV) was continuously estimated by opto‐electronic plethysmography. Inspiratory and expiratory ribcage muscles electromyography was measured in a subset of seven patients.ResultsEnd‐expiratory lung volume decreased after induction in both groups. It remained low in the control group and further decreased at emergence, because of active expiratory muscle contraction. In the intervention group, EELV increased after LRM and remained high after extubation.ConclusionA combined intervention consisting of LRM, PEEP and CPAP during emergence may effectively maintain EELV during anesthesia and even after extubation. An unexpected finding was that the activation of the expiratory muscles may contribute to EELV reduction during the emergence phase.
Outcomes after cancelled helicopter emergency medical service missions due to concurrencies: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Østerås Ø. , Heltne J.‐K. , Tønsager K. , Brattebø G. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundAppropriate dispatch criteria and helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) crew decisions are crucial for avoiding over‐triage and reducing the number of concurrencies. The aim of the present study was to compare patient outcomes after completed HEMS missions and missions cancelled by the HEMS due to concurrencies.MethodsMissions cancelled due to concurrencies (AMB group) and completed HEMS missions (HEMS group) in Western Norway from 2004 to 2013 were assessed. Outcomes were survival to hospital discharge, physiology score in the emergency department, emergency interventions in the hospital, type of department for patient admittance, and length of hospital stay.ResultsSurvival to discharge was similar in the two groups. One‐third of the primary missions in the HEMS group and 13% in the AMB group were patients with pre‐hospital conditions posing an acute threat to life. In a sub group analysis of these patients, HEMS patients were younger, more often admitted to an intensive care unit, and had an increased survival to discharge. In addition, the HEMS group had a greater proportion of patients with deranged physiology in the emergency department according to an early warning score.ConclusionPatients in the HEMS group seemed to be critically ill more often and received more emergency interventions, but the two groups had similar in‐hospital mortality. Patients with pre‐hospital signs of acute threat to life were younger and presented increased survival in the HEMS group.
Cortical Thickness in Adolescents with a Family History of Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Henderson Kate E. , Vaidya Jatin G. , Kramer John R. , Kuperman Samuel , Langbehn Douglas R. , O'Leary Daniel S. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundIndividuals with a family history (FH+) of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have a higher risk for developing an AUD than those with no family history (FH−) of AUD. In addition, FH+ individuals tend to perform worse on neuropsychological measures and show heightened impulsivity, which may be due to underlying differences in brain structure such as cortical thickness. The primary aim of this study was to investigate differences in cortical thickness in FH+ compared to FH− adolescents. Secondary aims were to (i) investigate differences in executive functioning and impulsivity, and (ii) examine associations between brain structure and behavior.MethodsBrain scans of 95 FH− and 93 FH+ subjects aged 13 to 18 were obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. FH+ subjects were required to have at least 1 biological parent with a history of an AUD. FH+ and FH− individuals had limited or no past alcohol use, thereby minimizing potential effects of alcohol. Subjects were evaluated on impulsivity and executive functioning tasks. Thicknesses of cortical lobes and subregions were analyzed using FreeSurfer. Regions showing group differences were examined for group‐by‐age interactions and correlations with neuropsychological and personality measures.ResultsFH+ adolescents had thinner cortices in frontal and parietal lobes, notably in the medial orbitofrontal, lateral orbitofrontal, and superior parietal cortices. The difference in cortical thickness between family history groups was strongest among the youngest subjects. FH+ subjects were also more impulsive and had poorer performance on a spatial memory task.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate frontal and parietal structural differences in FH+ adolescents that might underlie cognitive and behavioral characteristics associated with AUD risk.
Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) inhabiting islands off Australia re‐visited
Authors: Żabka Marek , Patoleta Barbara , Trębicki Łukasz 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe jumping spider fauna of 99 Australian islands of coral, volcanic, continental and mixed origin was investigated in terms of taxonomic diversity, origin (source), dispersal and habitat preferences. A total of 110 taxa were recorded; with 18 taxa found on at least five islands. Barrow, Horn, Fitzroy, Fraser, Murray and Moa Islands appeared the most diverse, each with at least 10 species. On all islands combined the most speciose genera were Cytaea (16 species), Cosmophasis (8), ‘Lycidas’/Jotus (5), Simaetha (4) and Holoplatys (4). The island faunas appeared to be a less diverse version of the mainland (mostly eastern coast) and showed no evidence of local radiation and endemism.
Effect of sufentanil on bispectral index in the elderly
Authors: de Valence T. , Elia N. , Czarnetzki C. , Dumont L. , Tramèr M. R. , Lysakowski C. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryWe examined the impact of adding sufentanil during anaesthesia induction with propofol on bispectral index values in elderly patients (≥ 65 years). Patients were randomly assigned to receive a target‐controlled sufentanil infusion (effect‐site concentration of 0.3 ng.ml−1) or matching placebo, followed by a target‐controlled propofol induction (initial effect‐site concentration of 0.5 μg.ml−1; step‐wise increase of 0.5 μg.ml−1) until loss of consciousness defined as an Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score < 2. Seventy‐one patients (sufentanil 35, placebo 36) completed the study. Mean (SD) age was 72.3 (5.8) years; 41% were women. At loss of consciousness, mean (SD) bispectral index value was 75.0 (8.6) with sufentanil and 70.0 (8.0) with placebo; mean difference −5.0 (95% confidence interval −8.9 to −1.1), p = 0.013. Post‐hoc analyses suggest that the difference was significant in men only (mean difference −7.3 (−11.8 to −2.6), p = 0.003). Sufentanil co‐induction with propofol results in higher bispectral index values at loss of consciousness in elderly patients.
Development of a Pediatric Cardiac Mechanical Support Program
Authors: Kashyap Abhishek , Turek Joseph W. , Wagner Samantha J. , Felderman Laura , Jaggers Elizabeth A. , Gruber Peter J. , Edens R. Erik 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe development of a pediatric cardiac support program is a complex, multidisciplinary project. This study describes the University of Iowa Congenital Heart Program's experience from its inception to the present. In, we examine those specific factors that have led to substantial improvements in the program, additionally identifying where further gains can be made. We retrospectively reviewed all pediatric patients who received mechanical cardiac support at the University of Iowa from the inception of the program in 1991. In total, 29 patients received mechanical support between December 1991 and December 2015 and are included in the study. Twelve patients received continuous flow devices and 17 patients received pulsatile flow devices. Median age at implant was 12.8 years (range 0.1–18.2 years). Median weight at implant was 40.5 kg (3.2–123.4 kg). Factors examined included: operating room (OR) time, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, intubation days, blood product usage, pre‐ and post‐operative bilirubin, creatinine, natriuretic peptide B (NPPB), and device implanted. Categorical and continuous variables were compared using Chi‐squared and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests, respectively. Of the 29 patients who received mechanical support, 17 (58.6%) were discharged home, 11 (37.9%) died during their hospitalization, and 1 (3.5%) remains hospitalized. Median length of ventricular assist device support was 59.5 days (range 1–653 days). Between December 1991 and December 2011, in‐hospital mortality was 64.3%. Following this period, significant changes were made to patient management with in‐hospital mortality decreasing to 13.3% between February 2013 and December 2015. Comparison between deceased and living patients revealed several significant factors including: median number of packed red blood cells transfused, 8 versus 4 units (P = 0.048), median OR time, 396 versus 299 min (P = 0.003), and device implanted. During the early stages of the mechanical support program, higher than expected mortality rates prompted changes in the management of pediatric cardiac patients, specifically, the development of a dedicated management team. These changes significantly improved outcomes and we suggest can be used as a model for similar cardiac support programs, especially in smaller volume programs.
Letter: reproducible evidence shows that exclusive enteral nutrition significantly reduces faecal calprotectin concentrations in children with active Crohn's disease—Authors' reply
Authors: Feathers A. , Swaminath A. , Ananthakrishnan A. N. , Falzon L. , Li Ferry S. 
Published: November 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Swaminath et al and Logan et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14253 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14351.
Letter: safety and efficacy of using statins in patients with cirrhosis—authors' reply
Authors: Bang U. C. , Benfield T. , Bendtsen F. 
Published: November 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Zhao et al and Bang et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14357 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14243.
Ediacaran developmental biology
Authors: Dunn Frances S. , Liu Alexander G. , Donoghue Philip C. J. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTRocks of the Ediacaran System (635–541 Ma) preserve fossil evidence of some of the earliest complex macroscopic organisms, many of which have been interpreted as animals. However, the unusual morphologies of some of these organisms have made it difficult to resolve their biological relationships to modern metazoan groups. Alternative competing phylogenetic interpretations have been proposed for Ediacaran taxa, including algae, fungi, lichens, rhizoid protists, and even an extinct higher‐order group (Vendobionta). If a metazoan affinity can be demonstrated for these organisms, as advocated by many researchers, they could prove informative in debates concerning the evolution of the metazoan body axis, the making and breaking of axial symmetries, and the appearance of a metameric body plan. Attempts to decipher members of the enigmatic Ediacaran macrobiota have largely involved study of morphology: comparative analysis of their developmental phases has received little attention. Here we present what is known of ontogeny across the three iconic Ediacaran taxa Charnia masoni, Dickinsonia costata and Pteridinium simplex, together with new ontogenetic data and insights. We use these data and interpretations to re‐evaluate the phylogenetic position of the broader Ediacaran morphogroups to which these taxa are considered to belong (rangeomorphs, dickinsoniomorphs and erniettomorphs). We conclude, based on the available evidence, that the affinities of the rangeomorphs and the dickinsoniomorphs lie within Metazoa.
The clinical relevance of lipid transfer protein
Authors: Asero R. , Piantanida M. , Pinter E. , Pravettoni V. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryDespite a huge number of studies, many aspects of the lipid transfer protein (LTP) syndrome, the most frequent primary food allergy in Mediterranean countries, remain unclear. Its peculiar geographical distribution, along with the extreme variability of its clinical expression, makes this type of food allergy something unique in the panorama of IgE‐mediated food‐induced allergic reactions. This review article tried to summarize the current knowledge about the most important aspects of LTP sensitization and allergy, along with the importance of positive and negative co‐factors in the clinical expression of the syndrome as well as the issues regarding the cross‐reactivity between LTPs present in botanically related and unrelated foods. Further, the possible absence of the protein from some plant foods is discussed.
Enhanced antigen presenting and T cell functions during late‐phase allergic responses in the lung
Authors: Liu M. C. , Xiao H. Q. , Breslin L. M. , Bochner B. S. , Schroeder J. T. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundAllergic inflammation is a common feature of asthma and may contribute to both development and perpetuation of disease. The interaction of antigen‐presenting cells (APC) with sensitized helper T lymphocytes (TC) producing Th2 cytokines may determine the inflammatory response. Recruitment of APC and TC to the lung during allergic responses has been demonstrated, but functional studies in humans have been limited.ObjectiveThis study examined the function of APC and TC accumulating at sites of inflammation after segmental allergen challenge (SAC).MethodsFifteen allergic patients underwent SAC, and cells from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected after 24 hours. APC and TC from the blood and BAL were purified based on expression of the monocyte marker, CD14; the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) marker, BDCA4, identifying neuropilin‐1 (NRP1); and the helper T cell marker, CD4. Functional activity was assessed using allergen‐induced T cell proliferation. Flow cytometry identified cells expressing CD14 and NRP1.ResultsSAC resulted in a 12‐fold increase in mononuclear cells having the morphologic appearance of blood monocytes. Most of these cells co‐expressed CD14 and NRP1. After saline challenge, BAL mononuclear cells demonstrated little APC function. Following SAC, BAL mononuclear cells showed function equal to pDC from blood and greater than blood monocytes. Purified NRP1+ cells from BAL had even greater function than pDC cells from blood (P = .008). Using consistent sources of APC, enhanced proliferation of TC from lung compared to blood was also demonstrated (P = .002).ConclusionsThe marked increase in APC function for allergen‐specific TC proliferation during allergic inflammation is largely due to the recruitment of monocytes and dendritic cells. There is also an enhanced response in the lung TC population, consistent with recruitment of allergen‐specific T cells. Interactions between recruited APC and TC may occur as an early event promoting allergic airway inflammation.
Quadriceps muscle fat infiltration is associated with cardiometabolic risk in COPD
Authors: Vivodtzev Isabelle , Moncharmont Luc , Tamisier Renaud , Borel Jean‐Christian , Arbib François , Wuyam Bernard , Lévy Patrick , Maltais François , Ferretti Gilbert , Pépin Jean‐Louis 
Published: November 2017

SummaryPurposeLosses of peripheral muscle mass and ectopic fat accumulation have been associated with cardiometabolic morbidity in COPD. We aimed at identifying the relationship between quadriceps muscle fat infiltration and cardiovascular risk.Materials and methodsFrom 2009 to 2014, 78 COPD patients (64 ± 8 years; 80% male) were prospectively included after having given written consent (ethical committee approval number: 2006‐A00491‐50). The cohort was divided into three groups (tertiles) according to body mass index (BMI), low [15 < BMI≤23·3], middle [23·3 < BMI≤27·6] and high [27·6 < BMI≤36] kg/m²). Measurements were respiratory function, plasmatic biomarkers and surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk (arterial stiffness and endothelial function). Mid‐thigh quadriceps muscle volume and per cent of muscle fat infiltration, as assessed by 64‐slice CT scanning, were compared between the tertiles. ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses with Bonferroni's correction for the ‘post hoc’ tests.ResultsIntramuscular fat volume was 52% [95% CI, 43 to 60%] of total quadriceps volume in high BMI vs. 47% [38 to 55%] and 34% [29 to 38%] in the middle and low‐BMI groups, respectively (P<0·0001), without differences between groups in fat‐free muscle volumes. Elevated muscle fat infiltration correlated with lower thiol to protein ratios in the whole population reflecting impaired antioxidant capacity (r = 0·50; P = 0·009). Furthermore, muscle fat infiltration was linked to endothelial dysfunction (r = −0·49, P = 0·01) in the low‐BMI group.ConclusionSkeletal muscle fat infiltration may be an indicator of increased cardiometabolic risk in both obese and lean COPD patients.
Sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation induces changes in cardiac autonomic regulation in cluster headache
Authors: Barloese Mads , Petersen Anja S. , Guo Song , Ashina Messoud , Mehlsen Jesper , Jensen Rigmor H. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIntroductionCluster headache is characterized by attacks of severe unilateral pain accompanied by cranial and systemic autonomic changes. Our knowledge of the latter is imperfect. This study aimed to investigate the effect of low‐frequency sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation on cardiac autonomic regulation.Materials and methodsIn a double‐blind, randomized, sham‐controlled crossover design, patients received low‐frequency and sham stimulation. RR intervals were recorded, and heart rate variability was analysed (time‐domain, frequency‐domain, nonlinear parameters). Headache characteristics, including cranial autonomic symptoms, were recorded at baseline and every 10 min for 60 min.ResultsSixteen patients were included. Changes in heart rate variability from baseline in the analysed parameters differed significantly between low‐frequency and sham stimulation. Initially, during low‐frequency stimulation, there was a greater increase in heart rate compared to sham (P<0·05) and changes in the frequency, nonlinear and time domain (P<0·05) reflecting a higher sympathetic tone. These preceded the observed cranial autonomic symptoms. Ten episodes of cluster‐like attacks were reported (six following low‐frequency stimulation, four following sham). During these, parasympathetic tone (P<0·05) was higher compared to baseline.ConclusionsIn cluster headache patients subjected to low‐frequency and sham stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion, we found changes indicating higher sympathetic tone during low‐frequency stimulation preceding cranial autonomic symptoms or cluster pain. During cluster pain, regardless of stimulation parameters, we saw increased parasympathetic activity, congruent with previous reports. The results indicate involvement of cardiac autonomic regulation before and during cluster headache attacks.
Self‐reported injection practices among people who use drugs in French prisons: Public health implications (ANRS‐Coquelicot survey 2011–2013)
Authors: Michel Laurent , Trouiller Philippe , Chollet Aude , Molinier Marie , Duchesne Lucie , Jauffret‐Roustide Marie ,   ANRS‐Coquelicot Study Group
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe aims of this study were to describe the prevalences of injection practices and needle/syringe sharing in people who use drugs in French prisons, and to investigate associated factors.Design and MethodsUsing the ANRS‐Coquelicot survey (2011−2013), a random sample of 1718 people who used drugs in free society was included. Information regarding a history of incarceration, drug‐injection practices inside prison and needle/syringe sharing was collected during interviews.ResultsIn our sample, 65.5% reported a history of injection and 57.4% had been incarcerated at least once. Among those who reported both of these conditions, 14% reported injection practices inside prison, 40.5% of whom had shared needles/syringes. In the multivariable model, the following variables were associated with injection practices inside prison: being a Russian‐speaking detainee, having spent more time in prison, and having started to inject before 1996 and especially before 1987. Being Russian speaking was also associated with needle/syringe sharing in prison.Discussion and ConclusionsThe prevalences of injection practices and needle/syringe sharing in prisons are alarmingly high. Effective interventions to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases among people who use drugs in the prison setting are essential. The implementation of international recommendations on the principle of equivalence between prisons and the community is still very limited in most countries, and should be complemented with tailored interventions for the most vulnerable prison populations, especially Russian‐speaking detainees.