bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Contribution of Groundwater to the Root Zone of Winter Wheat Using Root Density Distribution Functions
Authors: Zhu Yonghua , Ren Liliang , Horton Robert , Lü Haishen , Wang Zhenlong , Yuan Fei 
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas
Winter wheat hydrological growth seasons were used for the first time.
A fixed root density distribution function was unsuitable for winter wheat.
How to quantify winter wheat growth at its optimal state was a key.
Daily CGWR for different hydrological growing seasons were estimated by a piecewise function.
For winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that grows during the rainless season, the contribution of groundwater to the root zone (CGWR) is an important water source for growth. Accurately estimating the CGWR is important for making decisions on irrigation and discharge for winter wheat fields and preventing water pollution. Because winter wheat slows and even stops root growth over winter, so the fixed root density distribution function that is suitable for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] may not suit winter wheat calculations. Therefore, when estimating the CGWR of winter wheat with the numerical model HYDRUS‐1D, the root density distribution function should first be determined from two types: fixed or piecewise root density distribution functions. Based on field observations and local weather data for 2004–2005 and 2005–2006, HYDRUS‐1D was evaluated with different root density distribution functions by comparing simulated and measured root zone soil water contents. The evaluated model with the most suitable distribution function was used to estimate the daily CGWR for six winter wheat hydrological growth seasons. For all seasons, winter wheat growth was assumed to be at its optimal state. The main results were: (i) a piecewise root density distribution function was the most suitable for winter wheat; (ii) simulated seasonal CGWRs were 154, 128, and 136 mm in the dry, normal, and wet seasons, respectively; and (iii) the CGWR for winter wheat transpiration was about 58, 47, and 69% of the total in dry, normal, and wet seasons, respectively. Overall, we concluded that accurate description of the root density distribution was helpful to estimate the CGWR.
Reconstruction of terrestrial water storage anomalies in Northwest China during 1948–2002 using GRACE and GLDAS products
Authors: Yang Peng , Xia Jun , Zhan Chesheng , Wang Tiejun 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Commencement of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) provides an alternative way to monitor changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) at large scales. However, GRACE dataset spans from 2002 to present, which greatly limits the application of GRACE data for long-term hydrological studies. Thus, the general linear model (GLM), random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANN) methods were used to reconstruct the time series of terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA, i.e., remove the average value from the time series) in Northwest China (NWC) during 1948–2002 based on the GRACE TWSA during 2003–2015 and hydrological data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) during 1948–2010. The results showed that soil moisture (SM) anomalies, or the combination of SM, canopy water (CW), and snow water equivalent (SWE) anomalies were better than the other anomalies of GLDAS in NWC. RF method can be regarded as the optimal method to reconstruct TWSA in NWC in the four models. A negative relationship was found between the reconstructed TWSAs and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The method could also offer an approach to reconstruct TWSA and drought events in large river basins during the past several decades.
Effect of source water/wastewater quality on bacterial removal during electrocoagulation
Authors: Sruthi Gudla , Ahammed M. Mansoor , Makwana Abhipsa R. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Bacterial removal during electrocoagulation (EC) was investigated employing samples from four different water/wastewater sources, namely, greywater, river water, secondary treated sewage and tap water spiked with Escherichia coli. Effects of current density and electrolysis time on the bacterial removal with aluminium electrodes were evaluated. For greywater, river water and secondary treated sewage, total coliform and E. coli removal efficiencies were not significantly different for the tested samples and varied in the range of 2.22–2.53 log10 units at a current density of 1 mA/cm2 and electrolysis time of 30 min. Higher removals up to 3.80 log10 units could be obtained at higher current density of 5 mA/cm2. Heterotrophic bacterial removals were higher compared with coliforms for the tested samples. Further, higher removal was obtained with spiked E. coli in tap water compared with naturally occurring coliforms in other samples. A comparison of bacterial removal by chemical coagulation (CC) employing alum at optimum dose with that by EC with 1 mA/cm2 current density and 30 min electrolysis time showed significantly higher removal by EC (2.22–2.53 log10 removal) compared with CC (1.40–1.80 log10 removal) for the three tested samples. Upon storage up to 48 h, no significant regrowth/decay of organisms was observed in the EC-treated samples.
Hobby or Business? Insights into the §183 Nine-Factor Test and Taxpayer Representation
Authors: Cook John K. , Easterday Kathryn E. , Webber Sarah 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Internal Revenue Code §183 generally prohibits taxpayers from deducting expenses related to activities in which the taxpayer is not primarily motivated by profit. The applicable Treasury Regulation provides nine specific factors to consider in determining if a taxpayer's activity is motivated primarily by profit. This paper reviews the United States Tax Court's application of the nine factors in a sample of decisions reported between 2005 and 2015, inclusive, investigating potential inconsistencies between the Regulation language and observed outcomes. We find that a taxpayer successfully demonstrating three factors has a 158 percent greater probability of winning than a taxpayer demonstrating only two factors. We also observe that operating in a businesslike manner is a key factor to taxpayer success. Finally, we show that pro se taxpayers generally fare worse than represented ones, although the marginal reward to an additional favorable factor may be higher for them than for represented taxpayers.
Effect of sugar replacement with date paste and date syrup on texture and sensory quality of kesari (traditional Indian dessert)
Authors: Manickvasagan Annamalai , Kumar Chandini S , Al-Attabi Zaher H 
Published: January 2018

In this study, a popular Indian dessert, kesari, was reformulated by substituting refined sugar at various levels (0%=control, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) with date past and syrup, and changes in instrumental texture profile, L*a*b* colour values and sensory properties were determined. The hardness of date syrup kesari was higher than that of date paste kesari. However, there were no differences in hardness among various levels of replacement. There were no differences between syrup vs paste products or among various levels of replacements in cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, adhesiveness and chewiness of kesari. The developed kesari scored 5.5 to 7.5 on a 9 level hedonic scale (like slightly-like moderately) in all sensory attributes. Replacement of sugar at 75% and 100% levels, significantly lowered the scores for most of the sensory attributes. Around 50% of the panellist in informed sensory, selected 50% replaced products (paste or syrup) as their first choice.
Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of and risk factors for ophthalmic disease in leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) at a veterinary teaching hospital: 52 cases (1985–2013)
Authors: Wiggans K. Tomo , Sanchez-Migallon Guzman David , Reilly Christopher M. , Vergneau-Grosset Claire , Kass Philip H. , Hollingsworth Steven R. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of and risk factors for ophthalmic disease in leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) evaluated at a veterinary teaching hospital.
DESIGN Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS 112 of 144 (78%) leopard geckos that were evaluated at a veterinary teaching hospital in January 1985 through October 2013 and for which sufficient medical record information was available.
PROCEDURES Information from medical records was used to identify leopard geckos with ophthalmic disease, characterize cases, and determine risk factors for the presence of ophthalmic disease.
RESULTS Of the 112 leopard geckos, 52 (46%) had ophthalmic disease (mainly corneal or conjunctival disease). Female geckos were less likely to have ophthalmic disease, and there was a positive association between increasing age and ophthalmic disease. Use of a paper towel substrate, absence of any heat source, and lack of vitamin A supplementation were positively associated with a diagnosis of ophthalmic disease. Head dysecdysis was the only concurrent disorder significantly associated with ophthalmic disease. At necropsy, 5 affected leopard geckos had squamous metaplasia of the conjunctivae.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that ophthalmic disease is a common finding in leopard geckos. The cause of ocular surface disease in leopard geckos may be multifactorial, and hypovitaminosis A may be an important risk factor. Although animals receiving supplemental vitamin A were less likely to have ophthalmic disease, further understanding is required regarding the metabolism of and nutritional requirements for vitamin A in leopard geckos.
Microphthalmia, corneal dermoids, and congenital anomalies resembling Goldenhar syndrome in a cat
Authors: Berkowski William , Langohr Ingeborg , Pease Anthony , Bartoe Joshua 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION An 18-month-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of conjunctivitis and skin-fold dermatitis secondary to bilateral microphthalmia, corneal dermoids, and ankyloblepharon.
CLINICAL FINDINGS Physical examination revealed bilateral microphthalmia, bilaterally symmetrical corneal dermoids, ankyloblepharon, superior and inferior entropion, prognathism, and facial asymmetry with deviation of the nasal septum. Computed tomography revealed malformed, thickened bony orbits with mineralization of the orbital ligament bilaterally. Moderate rightward deviation of the nasal septum and ventral nasal meatus was also evident, with no identifiable maxillary sinuses. Results of MRI of the brain were unremarkable. Abdominal ultrasonography showed an irregularly marginated left kidney and a right kidney defect suggestive of chronic renal infarction. An abnormal, well-demarcated, focally thickened region of the muscularis externa of the jejunum was also evident.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Transpalpebral enucleation was performed bilaterally. Histologic examination of ocular tissues confirmed the corneal dermoids and microphthalmia with anterior and posterior segment dysgenesis and cataracts in both eyes. Ocular discomfort resolved after postoperative recovery, and follow-up revealed that the patient's activity level and quality of life were excellent. No clinical signs of upper respiratory, urinary, or gastrointestinal tract disease were observed during the approximately 3.5-year follow-up period.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE The congenital abnormalities observed resembled those described for human patients with Goldenhar syndrome, and the outcome of treatment was favorable. This report may prompt clinicians to consider this diagnosis when evaluating young cats with similar clinical signs.
Diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease in a harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) with suspected fenbendazole toxicosis
Authors: Doss Grayson A. , Mans Christoph , Johnson Laura , Pinkerton Marie E. , Hardie Robert J. , Sladky Kurt K. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 14-year-old 4.1-kg (9.02-lb) male harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) was evaluated because of vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, and weight loss (decrease of 0.35 kg [0.77 lb]) of 4 weeks' duration. The bird had previously been treated orally with fenbendazole after the initial onset of clinical signs.
CLINICAL FINDINGS An initial CBC revealed marked heteropenia and anemia, but whole-body contrast-enhanced CT images and other diagnostic test findings were unremarkable. Clinical signs persisted, and additional diagnostic testing failed to reveal the cause. During celiotomy, a biopsy specimen of the duodenum was obtained for histologic examination, which revealed lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, consistent with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Prior to histopathologic diagnosis of IBD, barium sulfate administered via gavage resulted in a temporary improvement of clinical signs. Following diagnosis of IBD, corticosteroid administration was initiated in conjunction with antifungal prophylaxis. Cessation of vomiting and a return to normal appetite occurred within 3 days. Fifteen months after cessation of corticosteroid treatment, the eagle continued to do well.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this was the first report of diagnosis and management of IBD in an avian species. For the eagle of the present report, results of several diagnostic tests increased clinical suspicion of IBD, but histologic examination of an intestinal biopsy specimen was required for definitive diagnosis. Although successful in this case, steroid administration in avian species must be carefully considered. Conclusive evidence of fenbendazole toxicosis was not obtained, although it was highly suspected in this bird.
Tejer con hilos rotos: una estrategia de comunicacion de las memorias de la represion de la dictadura
Authors: Castro Reynaldo 
Published: January 2018

Artigo de Reynaldo Castro. Jornalista e escritor, autor de livros como Con vida los llevaron:Memorias de madres y familiares de detenidos-desaparecidos de SanSalvador de Jujuy. Professor da Universidad Nacional de Jujuy (Argentina).
Hermenêutica e Teoria do Direito: Trajetória de Dois Campos Estruturantes do Pensamento Jurídico no Brasil
Authors: Maia Gretha Leite , Teixeira Zaneir Gonçalves 
Published: January 2018

O artigo objetiva analisar algumas concepções em torno da relação entre a Hermenêutica jurídica e a Teoria do Direito, a partir de determinados questionamentos implicados nessa relação. Parte da constatação de que existe um movimento de centralidade da Hermenêutica no Brasil nos últimos 20 anos. Investiga como se definem, em termos de campo de pesquisa, a Teoria do Direito e a Hermenêutica, e em que medida existe uma colonização de conteúdo entre estas áreas estruturantes do pensamento jurídico. Examina os caminhos da Hermenêutica no âmbito da produção acadêmica jurídica brasileira e verifica o que confere legitimidade ao seu discurso. Analisa a proposta de uma nova Hermenêutica, que acompanha o neoconstitucionalismo e o pós-positivismo. Analisa igualmente a relação entre a Teoria do Direito, a Hermenêutica jurídica e o positivismo jurídico. Conclui posicionando-os como campos inter-relacionados, porém sem prevalências, com propostas de investigação próprias e por isso identificáveis, a que se acresce a proposta da Teoria da Decisão. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e analítica.
Da Taxatividade Penal e o Conceito Atual de Família – A Assunção do Ideal de Coerência e Integridade do Direito através da Interpretação Principiológica
Authors: Domith Laira Carone Rachid , E Pádua Gabriel Senra 
Published: January 2018

Atualmente o conceito de “família” possui um significado jurídico distinto do que possuía em 1940, quando apenas o casamento era legítimo para fins de sua constituição. Ainda que o Direito Penal proíba a analogia e a interpretação extensiva in malam partem, a atualização do conceito de família foi feita pela CF/88, que passou a prever o reconhecimento jurídico das famílias matrimonial, monoparental e decorrentes de união estável. No contexto do Neoconstitucionalismo, torna-se necessária a elucidação do real sentido do Princípio da Legalidade e a utilização da interpretação principiológica do Direito Penal adequando-o, caso a caso, à complexidade da sociedade Moderna.
A Viabilidade de Incidência da Teoria da Empresa no Desporto
Authors: Lagassi Veronica 
Published: January 2018

O direito e incentivo ao desporto terminam por ser um direito fundamental. Esse raciocínio advém do fato de que sua prática propicia a melhoria da saúde mental e física. No entanto, apesar de possuir destaque constitucional e estar diretamente ligado à manutenção do direito à saúde e à vida, por inúmeras vezes, recebemos a notícia de que uma determinada associação desportiva passa por dificuldades financeiras e eventualmente, corre o risco de encerrar suas atividades. Será este o problema que iremos trabalhar, no sentido de defender a adoção da teoria da empresa no desporto como meio hábil para reverter o problema.
As cláusulas gerais e o aprimoramento da interpretação sistemática no Direito Civil brasileiro
Authors: Fampa Daniel Silva , Leal Pastora Do Socorro Teixeira 
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho objetiva investigar em que medida as cláusulas gerais contribuem para o aprimoramento da interpretação sistemática – civil constitucional – das normas que regulam as relações entre particulares no Direito brasileiro. A metodologia do trabalho baseou-se em pesquisa teórica, com levantamento bibliográfico. Para argumentar sobre as hipóteses, utilizou-se o método dedutivo. Assumindo como premissa inicial as implicações da constitucionalização do Direito na hermenêutica da normativa e das categorias que compõem o Código Civil, o presente trabalho visa, sobretudo, a uma reflexão preliminar sobre o papel das cláusulas gerais neste desiderato, aproximando-a da ideia de sistema desenvolvida por Claus-Wilhelm Canaris em sua obra “Pensamento Sistemático e Conceito de Sistema na Ciência do Direito”. Ademais, examina o modo pelo qual tal instrumento pode ser utilizado como técnica legislativa apta a contribuir para o fortalecimento da interpretação sistemática de tais normas, com vistas à concretização de princípios e valores constitucionais e à unidade do sistema. Conclui que as cláusulas gerais, por consistirem em técnica legislativa capaz de se adequar historicamente a contextos legislativos distintos e outorgarem maior discricionariedade ao intérprete, possibilitam de modo mais adequado o cumprimento das exigências para um sistema jurídico coerente.
PROFECIA, PREDIÇÃO E CAUSALIDADE: ANÁLISE DE UMA TRAJETÓRIA DA INDENIZABILIDADE E SEUS EFEITOS NA CONCEPÇÃO DE DANOS MORAIS NO DIREITO CIVIL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Oliveira Francisco Cardozo 
Published: January 2018

O artigo faz uma análise da trajetória de compreensão da causalidade e seus efeitos nos fundamentos do direito de indenização por danos morais no direito civil brasileiro. Recupera-se o papel que a causalidade desempenha na explicação do mundo e na reflexão científica, o seu caráter profético e de predição, com seus paradoxos, e os desdobramentos no direito e nos institutos jurídicos. Busca-se investigar o modo como a questão da causalidade está confrontada com os fundamentos do direito à indenização por danos morais e, ao mesmo tempo, produz efeitos na estrutura e na forma de compreensão da responsabilidade civil no contexto da realidade social e econômica brasileira.
ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN Sargassum sp. DENGAN SISTEM BUDIDAYA YANG BERBEDA DI TELUK EKAS LOMBOK TIMUR SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGAYAAN MATA KULIAH EKOLOGI TUMBUHAN
Authors: Dan Lalu Japa Muhammad Lutfiawan, Karnan 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan pertumbuhan Sargassum sp. yang dibudidaya dengan sistem budidaya yang berbeda di Teluk Ekas Lombok Timur. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen.. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah tanaman Sargassum sp yang dibudidayakan dengan sistem budidaya yang berbeda yaitu : rakit terapung dan rakit patok dasar. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan paket program komputer pengolahan data yaitu SPSS 16. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji-t polled varians, dengan taraf signifikan 0,05 dan taraf kepercayaan 95 %, diperoleh t-hitung 11,974 > t-tabel 1,987, atau berdasarkan besarnya nilai probabilitas yang ditunjukan, diperoleh probabilitas-hitung 0,00 < probabilitas-tabel 0,05, sehingga Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, ini artinya terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan Sargassum sp. yang dibudidaya dengan sistem budidaya yang berbeda.ÃÂ Kata-kata kunci:Sargassum sp., Teluk Ekas, Sistem budidaya yang berbeda.ÃÂ ÃÂ ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to determine growth differences of Sargassum sp., were cultured with different cultivation systems in the Ekas Bay of East Lombok. This research is an experimental research. The sample in this research is Sargassum sp. of cultivated crops with different cultivation systems, such as : floating raft and raft basic stakes. Processing date was performed by using a processing date computer program package SPSS 16. Hypothesis testing is done by using t-test polled variance, with a significance level of 0.05 and a level of valid 95 %, in order to obtain t count 11.974 > t - table 1,987, or based on the value of the indicated probability,ÃÂ probability-count obtained 0.00 < 0.05 probability- table , so that Ho is rejected and Ha accepted , this means that there are differences in the growth of Sargassum sp. were cultured with different cultivation systems.ÃÂ ÃÂ Key words:Sargassum sp., Ekas bay, Different Cultivation System.
Penggunaan BA Pada Mikropropagasi Pisang (Musa paradisiaca L.) Kultivar Kusto
Authors: Rina Kurnianingsih dan Fitrahtunnisa Reni Apriani, Tri Mulyaningsih 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi Benziladenin (BA) terhadap mikropropagasi pisang (Musa paradisiaca L.) kultivar Kusto. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan RAL dengan 6 taraf perlakuan konsentrasi Benziladenin (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 dan 7 mg/l), setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 5 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi BA tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap waktu muncul tunas, jumlah tunas dan panjang tunas. Waktu muncul tunas tercepat (36,67 hst) didapat pada perlakuan 6 mg/l BA, panjang tunas tertinggi (2,38 cm) pada perlakuan 4 mg/l BA dan jumlah tunas terbanyak (1,6 tunas) pada perlakuan 7 mg/l BA.Kata kunci: Musa paradisiaca, pisang Ã¢â¬ËKustoÃ¢â¬â¢, mikropropagasi, kultur jaringan.ÃÂ ABSTRACTThe aim of this research was to study the effect of Benzyladenine consentrations on micropropagation of banana (Musa Paradisiaca L.) cultivar Kusto.ÃÂ The experiment used completely randomized design with 6 level treatments of Benzyladenine consentration (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 mg/l), each treatment consisted of 5 replications. The result of the experiment showed that the treatments did not significantly effect the shoots formation time, the number of shoots and the length of shoots. The fastest shoots formation time (36,67 hst) was observed in treatment 6 mg/l BA, the highest length of shoots (2,38 cm) in treatment 4 mg/l BA and the highest number of shoots (1,6 shoots) in treatment 7 mg/l BA.Key words: Musa paradisiaca, banana Ã¢â¬Ë KustoÃ¢â¬â¢, micropropagation, tissue culture.