bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of interventions to increase the use of standardized outcome measures by rehabilitation professionals
Authors: Colquhoun Heather L , Lamontagne Marie-Eve , Duncan Edward AS , Fiander Michelle , Champagne Catherine , Grimshaw Jeremy M 
Published: April 2016

Objective: To determine the types and effectiveness of interventions to increase the knowledge about, attitudes towards, and use of standardized outcome measures in rehabilitation professionals. Data sources: An electronic search using Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Ergonomics Abstracts, Sports Discus. The search is current to February 2016. Study selection: All study designs testing interventions were included as were all provider and patient types. Two reviewers independently conducted a title and abstract review, followed by a full-text review. Data extraction: Two reviewers independently extracted a priori variables and used consensus for disagreements. Quality assessment was conducted using the Assessment of Quantitative Studies published by the Effective Public Health Practice Group. Data synthesis: We identified 11 studies involving at least 1200 providers. Nine of the studies showed improvements in outcome measure use rates but only three of these studies used an experimental or quasi-experimental design. Eight of the studies used an educational approach in the intervention and three used audit and feedback. Poor intervention description and quality of studies limited recommendations. Conclusions: Increased attention to testing interventions focused on known barriers, matched to behavior change techniques, and with stronger designs is warranted.
An investigation into potential gender-specific differences in myocardial triglyceride content assessed by 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 3Tesla
Authors: Petritsch Bernhard , Köstler Herbert , Gassenmaier Tobias , Kunz Andreas S , Bley Thorsten A , Horn Michael 
Published: April 2016

Objective Over the past decade, myocardial triglyceride content has become an accepted biomarker for chronic metabolic and cardiac disease. The purpose of this study was to use proton (hydrogen 1)-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 3Tesla (3 T) field strength to assess potential gender-related differences in myocardial triglyceride content in healthy individuals . Methods Cardiac MR imaging was performed to enable accurate voxel placement and obtain functional and morphological information. Double triggered (i.e., ECG and respiratory motion gating) 1H-MRS was used to quantify myocardial triglyceride levels for each gender. Two-sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for statistical analyses. Results In total, 40 healthy volunteers (22 male, 18 female; aged >18 years and age matched) were included in the study. Median myocardial triglyceride content was 0.28% (interquartile range [IQR] 0.17–0.42%) in male and 0.24% (IQR 0.14–0.45%) in female participants, and no statistically significant difference was observed between the genders. Furthermore, no gender-specific difference in ejection fraction was observed, although on average, male participants presented with a higher mean ± SD left ventricular mass (136.3 ± 25.2 g) than female participants (103.9 ± 16.1 g). Conclusions The study showed that 1H-MRS is a capable, noninvasive tool for acquisition of myocardial triglyceride metabolites. Myocardial triglyceride concentration was shown to be unrelated to gender in this group of healthy volunteers.
Validation of Photograph-Based Toxicity Score for Topical 5-Fluorouracil Cream Application
Authors: Pomerantz Hyemin , Korgavkar Kaveri , Lee Kachiu C. , Lew Robert , Weinstock Martin A. ,   VAKCC Trial Group
Published: April 2016

Background: An objective tool quantifying the toxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) from photographs was recently reported, and its reliability was confirmed. Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the photograph-based toxicity score. Methods: Photograph-based toxicity scores of participants assigned to the 5-FU arm of a randomized placebo-controlled trial were tested for correlations with their patient-reported symptom scores and baseline characteristics. Results: Each pair of individual and overall scores of patient-reported symptoms and photograph-based toxicity was correlated at 2 and 4 weeks (correlation coefficient range, 0.34-0.95; P < .001 for all). Older age, more actinic keratoses, previous topical 5-FU use, and more keratinocyte carcinomas on the face and ears in the previous 5 years were correlated with increased 5-FU toxicity at 2 weeks ( P < .05). An increase in the total number of 5-FU applications during the trial was correlated with less severe toxicity at 2 weeks ( P < .001), but with increased toxicity at 4 weeks ( P < .001). Conclusion: This study provides evidence for construct validity of the photograph-based 5-FU toxicity score. The tool can be used to objectively measure 5-FU toxicity in clinical or research setting, and it can be a prototype for toxicity measurements of other topical medications.
Anti-arthritic effect of total saponins from Clematis henryi Oliv. on collagen-induced arthritis rats
Authors: Sun Xiao-Bo , Liu Yi-Ping , Yang Yong-Yu , Liu Xin-Yi , Xiang Da-Xiong 
Published: April 2016

Background: As a traditional herbal medicine, Clematis henryi Oliv. has been widely used in China for hundreds of years for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory disorders. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease lacks of effective therapeutic drugs. Objective: To investigate the anti-arthritic activity of total saponins extracted from Clematis henryi Oliv. (TSC) and the underlying mechanisms in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Methods: The purified TSC were administrated to CIA rats at the dose of 150 and 50 mg/kg/d. Paw volume and claw pad thickness were measured every week. The levels of IgG, IL-1β, and TNF-α in serum were measured by ELISA kit, and histopathology of joint was examined by H&E staining. Results: Administration of TSC resulted in a significant decrease of paw volume and thickness in CIA rats. TSC also suppressed IgG, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in serum of CIA rats. Histology revealed that TSC significantly inhibited joint inflammatory cells infiltration and reduced synovial hyperplasia. Conclusion: TSC have an anti-arthritic effect on CIA rats, and this effect is probably associated with downregulating the expression of inflammatory factors.
Delineating the effects of 5-fluorouracil and follicle-stimulating hormone on mouse bone marrow stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Shaikh Ambreen , Bhartiya Deepa , Kapoor Sona , Nimkar Harshada 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundPluripotent, Lin–/CD45–/Sca-1+very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) in mouse bone marrow (BM) are resistant to total body radiation because of their quiescent nature, whereas Lin–/CD45+/Sca-1+hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) get eliminated. In the present study, we provide further evidence for the existence of VSELs in mouse BM and have also examined the effects of a chemotherapeutic agent (5-fluorouracil (5-FU)) and gonadotropin hormone (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)) on BM stem/progenitor cells.MethodsVSELs and HSCs were characterized in intact BM. Swiss mice were injected with 5-FU (150 mg/kg) and sacrificed on 2, 4, and 10 days (D2, D4, and D10) post treatment to examine changes in BM histology and effects on VSELs and HSCs by a multiparametric approach. The effect of FSH (5 IU) administered 48 h after 5-FU treatment was also studied. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, cell cycle analysis, and colony-forming unit (CFU) assay were carried out to understand the functional potential of stem/progenitor cells towards regeneration of chemoablated marrow.ResultsNuclear OCT-4, SCA-1, and SSEA-1 coexpressing LIN–/CD45–VSELs and slightly larger LIN–/CD45+HSCs expressing cytoplasmic OCT-4 were identified and comprised 0.022 ± 0.002 % and 0.081 ± 0.004 % respectively of the total cells in BM. 5-FU treatment resulted in depletion of cells with a 7-fold reduction by D4 and normal hematopoiesis was re-established by D10. Nuclear OCT-4 and PCNA-positive VSELs were detected in chemoablated bone sections near the endosteal region. VSELs remained unaffected by 5-FU on D2 and increased on D4, whereas HSCs showed a marked reduction in numbers on D2 and later increased along with the corresponding increase in BrdU uptake and upregulation of specific transcripts (Oct-4A, Oct-4, Sca-1, Nanog, Stella, Fragilis, Pcna). Cells that survived 5-FU formed colonies in vitro. Both VSELs and HSCs expressed FSH receptors and FSH treatment enhanced hematopoietic recovery by 72 h.ConclusionBoth VSELs and HSCs were activated in response to the stress created by 5-FU and FSH enhanced hematopoietic recovery by at least 72 h in 5-FU-treated mice. VSELs are the most primitive pluripotent stem cells in BM that self-renew and give rise to HSCs under stress, and HSCs further divide rapidly and differentiate to maintain homeostasis. The study provides a novel insight into basic hematopoiesis and has clinical relevance.
Analytical imaging studies of the migration of degraded orpiment, realgar, and emerald green pigments in historic paintings and related conservation issues
Authors: Keune Katrien , Mass Jennifer , Mehta Apurva , Church Jonathan , Meirer Florian 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Yellow orpiment (As2S3) and red–orange realgar (As4S4) photo-degrade and the nineteenth-century pigment emerald green (Cu(C2H3O2)2·3Cu(AsO2)2) degrades into arsenic oxides. Because of their solubility in water, arsenic oxides readily migrate and are found throughout the multi-layered paint system. The widespread arsenic migration has consequences for conservation, and this paper provides better insight into the extent of the problem. Five paint samples containing orpiment, realgar or emerald green pigments deriving from paintings by De Heem (17th C), Van Gogh (19th C), Rousseau (19th C), an unknown 17th C northern European artist and an Austrian painted cupboard (19th C) were investigated using SEM/EDX, imaging ATR-FTIR and arsenic (As) K–edge μ-XANES to obtain the spatial distribution and chemical speciation of arsenic in the paint system. In all of the samples investigated arsenic had migrated throughout the multi-layered paint structure of the art object, from support to varnish. Furthermore, As5+-species were found throughout the entire paint sample. We hypothesize that arsenic trioxide is first formed, dissolves in water, further oxidizes to arsenic pentaoxide, and then reacts with lead, calcium and other ions and is deposited in the paint system as insoluble arsenates. Since the degradation of arsenic pigments such as orpiment, realgar and emerald green occurs through a highly mobile intermediate stage, it not only affects the regions rich in arsenic pigments, but also the entire object, including substrate and top varnish layers. Because of this widespread potential for damage, preventing degradation of arsenic pigments should be prioritized and conservators should minimize exposure of objects containing arsenic pigments to strong light, large fluctuations in relative humidity and water-based cleaning agents.
Molecular Alterations and Everolimus Efficacy in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancers: Combined Exploratory Biomarker Analysis From BOLERO-1 and BOLERO-3
Authors: André Fabrice , Hurvitz Sara , Fasolo Angelica , Tseng Ling-Ming , Jerusalem Guy , Wilks Sharon , O’Regan Ruth , Isaacs Claudine , Toi Masakazu , Burris Howard A. , He Wei , Robinson Douglas , Riester Markus , Taran Tetiana , Chen David , Slamon Dennis 
Published: April 2016

Purpose Two recent phase III trials, BOLERO-1 and BOLERO-3 (Breast Cancer Trials of Oral Everolimus), evaluated the addition of everolimus to trastuzumab and chemotherapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–overexpressing advanced breast cancer. The current analysis aimed to identify biomarkers to predict the clinical efficacy of everolimus treatment. Methods Archival tumor samples from patients in BOLERO-1 and BOLERO-3 were analyzed using next-generation sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and Sanger sequencing. Results Biomarker data were available for 549 patients. PIK3CA activating mutations and PTEN loss were reported in 30% and 16% of BOLERO-1 samples and in 32% and 12% of BOLERO-3 samples, respectively. PI3K pathway was hyperactive (PIK3CA mutations and/or PTEN loss and/or AKT1 mutation) in 47% of BOLERO-1 and 41% of BOLERO-3 samples. In both studies, differential progression-free survival (PFS) benefits of everolimus were consistently observed in patient subgroups defined by their PI3K pathway status. When analyzing combined data sets of both studies, everolimus was associated with a decreased hazard of progression in patients with PIK3CA mutations (hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.00), PTEN loss (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.96), or hyperactive PI3K pathway (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.93). Patients with wild-type PIK3CA (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.46), normal PTEN (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.26), or normal PI3K pathway activity (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.62) did not derive PFS benefit from everolimus. Conclusion This analysis, although exploratory, suggests that patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive advanced breast cancer having tumors with PIK3CA mutations, PTEN loss, or hyperactive PI3K pathway could derive PFS benefit from everolimus.
Optogenetic Stimulation of Arcuate Nucleus Kiss1 Neurons Reveals a Steroid-Dependent Glutamatergic Input to POMC and AgRP Neurons in Male Mice
Authors: Nestor Casey C , Qiu Jian , Padilla Stephanie L. , Zhang Chunguang , Bosch Martha A. , Fan Wei , Aicher Sue A. , Palmiter Richard D. , Rønnekleiv Oline K. , Kelly Martin J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons are essential for reproduction, but their role in the control of energy balance and other homeostatic functions remains unclear. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, located in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus, integrate numerous excitatory and inhibitory inputs to ultimately regulate energy homeostasis. Given that POMC and AgRP neurons are contacted by Kiss1 neurons in the ARC (Kiss1ARC) and they express androgen receptors, Kiss1ARC neurons may mediate the orexigenic action of testosterone via POMC and/or AgRP neurons. Quantitative PCR analysis of pooled Kiss1ARC neurons revealed that mRNA levels for Kiss1 and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 were higher in castrated male mice compared with gonad-intact males. Single-cell RT-PCR analysis of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) ARC neurons harvested from males injected with AAV1-EF1α-DIO-ChR2:YFP revealed that 100% and 88% expressed mRNAs for Kiss1 and vesicular glutamate transporter 2, respectively. Whole-cell, voltage-clamp recordings from nonfluorescent postsynaptic ARC neurons showed that low frequency photo-stimulation (0.5 Hz) of Kiss1-ChR2:YFP neurons elicited a fast glutamatergic inward current in POMC and AgRP neurons. Paired-pulse, photo-stimulation revealed paired-pulse depression, which is indicative of greater glutamate release, in the castrated male mice compared with gonad-intact male mice. Group I and group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists depolarized and hyperpolarized POMC and AgRP neurons, respectively, which was mimicked by high frequency photo-stimulation (20 Hz) of Kiss1ARC neurons. Therefore, POMC and AgRP neurons receive direct steroid- and frequency-dependent glutamatergic synaptic input from Kiss1ARC neurons in male mice, which may be a critical pathway for Kiss1 neurons to help coordinate energy homeostasis and reproduction.
Different Risk Factors of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis and Proximal Junctional Failure Following Long Instrumented Fusion to the Sacrum for Adult Spinal Deformity: Survivorship Analysis of 160 Patients
Authors: Park Se-Jun , Lee Chong-Suh , Chung Sung-Soo , Lee Jun-Young , Kang Sang-Soo , Park Se-Hwan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The failure modes, time to development, and clinical relevance are known to differ between proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF). However, there are no reports that study the risk factors of PJK and PJF separately.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for PJK and PJF separately.

METHODS: A retrospective study of 160 consecutive patients who underwent a long instrumented fusion to the sacrum for adult spinal deformity with a minimum follow-up of 2 years was conducted. A separate survivorship analysis of PJK and PJF was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model for the 3 categorical parameters of surgical, radiographic, and patient factors.

RESULTS: PJK developed in 27 patients (16.9%) and PJF in 29 patients (18.1%). The median survival time was 17.0 months for PJK and 3.0 months for PJF. Multivariate analyses revealed that a high body mass index was an independent risk factor for PJK (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.179), whereas the significant risk factors for PJF were older age, the presence of osteoporosis, the uppermost instrumented vertebra level at T11-L1, and a greater preoperative sagittal vertical axis (HR = 1.082, 6.465, 5.236, and 1.017, respectively). A large correction of sagittal deformity was shown to be a risk factor for PJF on univariate analyses, but not on multivariate analyses.

CONCLUSION: PJK developed at a median of 17 months and PJF at a median of 3 months. A high body mass index was an independent risk factor for PJK, whereas older age, osteoporosis, uppermost instrumented vertebra level at the thoracolumbar junction, and greater preoperative sagittal vertical axis were risk factors for PJF.
A CASA DE TAIPA NO LITORAL SUL DE ALAGOAS: REGISTROS ESCRITOS E VISUAIS
Authors: Da Silva Maria Angélica , Mota Alcides Melissa , Mesquita Jardim Alice 
Published: April 2016

A técnica da taipa de sopapo consiste na produção de um arcabouço de madeira prenchido com terra. Foi implantada durante o período de colonização do Brasil, pelos portugueses, possivelmente trazida da África, e ainda é utilizada no Nordeste do Brasil. Nos pequenos povoados, nas áreas rurais e mesmo na periferia de grandes cidades, surgem as casas edificadas com esta técnica, prolongando-se às vezes por ruas e partes de bairros. Ainda restam exemplares construídos dentro de um proceder que atravessou os séculos mas, com o avanço da consciência ecológica e dos próprios mecanismos de proteção de determinadas áreas por seu valor ambiental – que proíbem a extração da madeira do mangue, por exemplo – e outras modificações sócio culturais em andamento no Brasil, ocorreram modificações no processo construtivo. Tais mudanças, muitas vezes resultam em edificações de caráter bastante frágil. Portanto, vislumbra-se em horizonte próximo o ocaso desta prática construtiva, o que demanda um registro urgente dos procederes vinculados à mesma. A historiografia acerca da arquitetura de terra no Brasil, em especial de suas técnicas, ainda é bastante escassa. Contudo, a presença material das casas de taipa permite que elas mesmas, na sua existência concreta, sirvam de ferramenta de investigação. Além disto, o recurso à história oral e os registros de caráter audio-visual têm se apresentado como formas bastante operacionais de resgatar informações para a escrita de uma história da tecnologia da arquitetura vernacular, ao mesmo tempo em que constituem, em si mesmos, documentos de memória. O objetivo desta comunicação é a apresentação dos resultados obtidos em pesquisa realizada no povoado de Poxim, situado ao sul de Alagoas, Brasil, onde foi possível o registro de importantes aspectos do patrimônio material e imaterial vinculados à produção da taipa, tanto na construção de casas de moradia como em “casas de farinha”, locais de fabrico de um alimento básico na refeição brasileira. A investigação resultou em um trabalho acadêmico textual e em registros no formato áudio visual.
LA INTERVENCIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO EDIFICADO EN TIERRA EN ÁREAS SÍSMICAS Y LAS CARTAS DE CONSERVACIÓN
Authors: Vargas Neumann Julio , Blondet Marcial , Iwaki Carlos 
Published: April 2016

Los sismos son fenómenos naturales recurrentes que causan daños acumulativos o el colapso de las edificaciones de tierra. En Perú se han descubierto muchas edificaciones construidas en tierra de importante valor patrimonial, que fueron desenterradas y expuestas nuevamente a la actividad sísmica ¿Cómo evitar su progresivo daño mediante sabias intervenciones? Las edificaciones de tierra ubicadas en áreas sísmicas constituyen un caso crítico y único por su paulatina destrucción. La respuesta estructural de la mampostería de piedra asentada con morteros de barro depende del más débil de los materiales de construcción que es la tierra. Se presentan los criterios estructurales de conservación de la arquitectura patrimonial construida en tierra y el uso de herramientas sismorresistentes de reparación y refuerzo desarrolladas por la academia en los últimos 25 años. Se incluyen los conceptos de tierra armada y de inyección de barro líquido desarrollados en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP) con el apoyo de la Getty Conservation Institute (GCI). Se analizan casos recientes de re-intervención de monumentos reparados inicialmente el siglo pasado y re-destruidos por sismos recientes, y se presentan soluciones que van desde las más prudentes hasta las más agresivas. Se concluye en la urgencia de revisar los criterios de conservación expresados en las Cartas Internacionales adoptadas por ICOMOS y UNESCO para el caso de la arquitectura patrimonial en tierra ubicada en áreas sísmicas.
Estimation of parameters in stochastic differential equations with two random effects
Authors: Alsukaini Mohammed , Alkreemawi Walaa , Wang Xiang-Jun 
Published: April 2016

In this paper we investigate consistency and asymptotic normality of the posterior distribution of the parameters in the stochastic differential equations (SDEâ€™s) with diffusion coefficients depending nonlinearly on a random variables Â and Â (the random effects).The distributions of the random effects Â and Â depends on unknown parameters which are to be estimated from the continuous observations of the independent processes . We propose the Gaussian distribution for the random effect Â and the exponential distribution for the random effect Â Â , we obtained an explicit formula for the likelihood function and find the estimators of the unknown parameters in the random effects.
On the genus Bothrophyllum Trautschold, 1879 (Anthozoa, Rugosa)
Authors: Fedorowski Jerzy 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The rugose coral genus Bothrophyllum Trautschold, 1879 is revised on the basis of data from the literature and the author’s personal investigation of both topotypes of its type species B. conicum and related and/or similar taxa from other areas. The intraspecific variability of the type species, its neotype, the intra-generic framework and a new generic diagnosis are established. Many more than 100 taxa related and/or similar to Bothrophyllum were analyzed and the most important of them are discussed. Detailed analysis of the type species based on the neotype and supported by additional topotype specimens illustrated here, allows restriction of both the type species and the genus, and leads to the proposition that Bothrophyllum -like taxa with a shortened cardinal septum should be considered of subgeneric (not named) status. Detailed analysis of the specimens and species described and illustrated from the type site (Myachkovo Quarry, Moscow Basin) form the basis for further considerations. On the basis of that analysis and characters established for the type species, taxa from all other European, African, Asiatic and North American areas either named Bothrophyllum or bearing characters of that genus were analyzed. The supposed origin and discussion of the relationships conclude the paper. A list of synonyms and exclusions from Bothrophyllum and lists of species included, excluded, or possibly belonging to Bothrophyllum and Bothrophyllum -like corals with a shortened cardinal septum are presented.