bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Incorporating Land Exchanges Between Forestry and Agriculture in Sector Models
Authors: Alig Ralph J. , Adams Darius M. , McCarl Bruce A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe forest and agriculture sectors are linked by having a portion of their land bases suitable for use in either sector. A substantial part of the southern land base is suitable for either forestry or agriculture use, with most of forestation on U.S. agriculture land in the South. We examine how land exchanges between forestry and agriculture are influenced by specific federal conservation and farm support policies, including changes in the Conservation Reserve Program. Reallocation of land is a significant part of the sectors' responses to the policies, along with intensification of timber management on existing southern forests.
Hopes and Fears: The New World Trade Negotiations and Southern Agriculture
Authors: Marchant Mary A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the impacts of the Uruguay Round (UR) Agreement on southern commodities serves as a starting point to assess the potential impacts of the next global trade negotiations in terms of hope (expanding export markets) and fear (new competition). Key issues examined include whether or not the UR Agreement resulted in new markets or new competition for key southern commodities—cotton, poultry, tobacco, and rice. For new markets, export data were analyzed to determine if exports increased since the passage of the UR Agreement in 1994. Also, countries that are leading world importers of these southern commodities were identified and data analyzed to determine whether the U.S. is exporting to these top markets. Alternatively, to assess whether the UR Agreement resulted in new competition for southern commodities, countries that are leading world exporters were identified and data analyzed to determine whether the U.S. is among them. Data analyses was supplemented with interviews of southern commodities experts who assess impacts of the GATT-UR and identify issues for the next round of global trade negotiations.
Lending by Rural Banks Involved in Mergers
Authors: Walraven Nicholas A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper employed a variety of sources of data and a number of methods to describe rural lending markets. Over the sample period, 1992 through 1998, there was a pronounced trend towards affiliation of banks, both urban and rural, with holding companies, although over this period there was little change in the concentration of banking offices in rural areas. Using data from the 1993 National Survey of Small Business Finances, the study found some evidence that rural small businesses were less likely to apply for a loan than urban small firms although those rural firms that did apply were more likely to have their application accepted.
Independent Commercial Bank Mergers and Agricultural Lending Concentration
Authors: Ahrendsen Bruce L. , Dixon Bruce L. , Lee LaDerrek T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn an era of rapid consolidation in banking, the effect of mergers on the availability of credit to agricultural businesses is unclear. Commercial bank mergers have profoundly altered the urban credit marketplace and are positioned to do the same for the agricultural credit marketplace. Adjustment models are estimated with data on independent bank consolidations from 1988 through 1995. The regression results bode well for agricultural lending if acquiring banks have larger concentrations of assets in agriculture than acquired banks. Conversely, if acquiring banks have smaller concentrations than acquired banks, acquisitions have a negative impact on agricultural lending. Since most acquiring banks have smaller agricultural loan concentrations than acquired banks, there is concern for agricultural lending. However, other lenders are likely to fill credit gaps that develop.
Evaluating the Performance of Agricultural Bank Management: The Impact of State Regulatory Policies
Authors: Armah Bernard K.N. , Park Timothy A. , Lovell C.A. Knox 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe evaluate agricultural bank management performance, focusing on the impacts of interstate banking laws on productivity change. The generalized Malmquist productivity index decomposes productivity change into technological change, technical efficiency change, and change in scale economies. While managerial productivity rose from 1982 to 1991, states that adopted the most liberal interstate banking laws experienced the greatest improvement in productivity. Large agricultural banks were more efficient in states that had more liberalized interstate banking laws while small agricultural banks fared better in states with more restrictive laws.
Economic Development in a Fledgling Democracy: The Potential of the Polish Agricultural Extension System
Authors: Doye Damona G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAgricultural economists who serve as educators in emerging democracies have the opportunity to contribute to economic development by building human capital. A channel for educators to share lessons learned in these countries could benefit individuals preparing for assignments in foreign countries. Understanding the cultural and social differences in decisionmaking systems is critical to successful educational program development and implementation. Individuals in the emerging democracies often need training in management and market economics to apply at institutional as well as personal levels. Similar training for recipients of economic development funds could result in more effective application of funds.
The Effects of Sectoral and Economy-Wide Policies on Tobacco Production in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Peña Pedro Pablo , Norton George W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study analyses the effects of specific agricultural and exchange rate policies on tobacco production in the Dominican Republic. Direct protection resulting from output and input subsidies and taxes was positive on average from 1966 to 1988, but total protection was negative when exchange rate policies are considered. Tobacco policies were quite volatile and resulted in increasing production in the 1970s but decreasing production in the 1980s. Overall, tobacco production was 4.8 percent less than it would have been had there been no policy interventions. Several reasons are provided for the policies.
Migrant Farm Workers on Virginia's Eastern Shore: An Analysis of Economic Impacts
Authors: Sills Erin O. , Alwang Jeffrey , Driscoll Paul 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe economic impact of migrant farmworkers on an agriculture-dependent region is investigated. The direct effects of inflows of state and federal dollars for migrant services, and production of high-valued commodities are computed. Indirect and induced effects are modelled through the use of the IMPLAN input output model. Various alternatives to migrant labor are investigated, including production of less labor-intensive crops, acreage retirement, and contract H2A workers. Migrants are found to create substantial economic activity on the Eastern Shore of Virginia.
Long-Term Planning of a Livestock-Crop Farm Under Government Programs
Authors: Kouka Pierre-Justin , Duffy Patricia A. , Taylor C. Robert 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOptimal crop and livestock mix was determined for a representative Alabama farm using a dynamic programming model. Results indicate that decisions concerning livestock production are highly influenced by the amount of cotton base available on the farm. In most cases, increasing cotton base results in less cattle production. The triple base provisions of the 1990 Farm Bill, however, may give some cotton farmers an incentive to produce more stocker cattle during the winter months. Research results also indicate that the availability of farm programs can alter the optimal enterprise mix on a farm with no beginning base in cotton.
Modifying the Neo-Classical Approach to Technology Adoption With Behavioral Science Models
Authors: Lynne Gary D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe dualistic nature of humans has been recognized for centuries. The intriguing question is the extent to which the human being with her/his display of concern for others can simultaneously act as an egoist, the latter being descriptive of the homo oeconomicus rendition of the human. Multiple utility theory suggests a way to approach research on such issues. A test case of water conserving technology adoption behavior by Florida growers is examined. Empirical evidence supports moving toward an expanded version of the mono-utility or I-utility model to include a We-utility.
Variation in Marginal Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer between Locations
Authors: Graybeal Dale K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA logistic growth equation with time and location varying parameters was used to model corn response to applied nitrogen. A nonlinear dummy-variable regression model provided a parsimonious representation of site and time effects on parameter values. The model was used to test for the equality of the mean marginal product of nitrogen fertilizer between locations on the coastal plain of North Carolina. Monte Carlo simulation and bootstrap simulation were used to construct finite sample covariance estimates. Results support rejection of the hypothesis that mean marginal products are equal when nitrogen is applied at 168 kg/ac. A comparison of bootstrapped errors and asymptotic errors suggests that results based on asymptotic theory are fairly reliable in this case.
International Variation in Return on Equity in the Food and Beverage Industries
Authors: Acheampong Yvonne J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe objective is to analyze the effects of country- and firm-specific factors on the return on equity in the beverage and tobacco and food and consumer-products industries for 11 industrialized nations. The results indicate that country- and firm-specific factors are important in explaining variation in return on equity within countries but not generally across countries or time.
Regulation in Quality Differentiated Markets: Pesticide Cancellations in U.S. Apple Production
Authors: Roosen Jutta 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIf agricultural output results from non-separable multiproduct technologies, environmental regulation can change the set of possible output combinations. This will be important when regulation affects the quality composition of a crop. As a result, market and welfare changes have to be assessed in technology-related markets. We present a model that serves to estimate the economic impacts in such instances and use it in the assessment of pesticide regulation in the U.S. apple industry. Impacts for four pesticide cancellation scenarios are assessed. It is shown that changes in the quality of a crop lead to significant market reallocation effects.
Handler Reactions to Potential Compulsory Country-of-Origin Labeling of Fresh or Frozen Beef
Authors: Schupp Alvin , Gillespie Jeffrey 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInterest in mandatory county-of-origin labeling of fresh meats exists at both the state and national levels. A sample of beef handling firms in Louisiana (processors, retailers and restaurants) was surveyed by telephone to identify the characteristics of these firms that would help explain their decision to support or reject the law. A factor supporting the label use was a belief that the label is valuable to buyers. Negative factors were that the firm is a restaurant, is part of a chain or franchise, or has experience handling imported beef, and the belief that labeling merely reflects more government interference in free trade.
An Empirical Analysis of Louisiana Small Farmers’ Involvement in the Conservation Reserve Program
Authors: McLean-Meyinsse Patricia E. , Hui Jianguo , Joseph Randolph 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe study examines Louisiana small farmers' reasons for not participating in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), their awareness of the program, and their willingness to participate in the program. The results suggest that: farmers do not participate in the CRP if revenues from cropland are an important source of income, or if they are tenants; awareness is significantly related to education, income, race, and average return per acre; willingness is positively influenced by payment per acre, age, and farm status. Participation depends on whether payments per acre are comparable to the opportunity costs of removing cropland from production.
A Logit Analysis of Participation in Tennessee's Forest Stewardship Program
Authors: Bell Caroline D. , Roberts Roland K. , English Burton C. , Park William M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study determines the likely effect of cost-share incentives on participation in the Tennessee forest Stewardship Program and identifies other factors that may contribute to participation. A random utility model is used to determine the probability that a landowner will choose to participate in the program. A binary choice model is specified to represent the dichotomous decision and a logit procedure is used to fit the model. Data are obtained from mail surveys of 4,000 randomly selected landowners. Results indicate that attitudes and knowledge of forestry programs may be more influential in a landowner's decision to participate than monetary incentives.
When Self-interest is Self-Defeating: The Public Goods Experiment as a Teaching Tool
Authors: Nelson Robert G. , Beil Richard O. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis simple classroom experiment demonstrates many of the behavioral phenomena associated with the voluntary provision of a public good. The mechanics of the game are explained in detail and complete instructions are provided, as well as suggestions for follow-up lectures. Influences such as anonymous voting, persuasion, returns to free-riding, and duration of association can be explored in connection with concepts of incentives, individual rationality and group welfare. A number of variations and extensions can be used to incorporate prisoners' dilemmas, incentive compatible mechanisms, negative externalities, and Coasian bargaining.
Restricting Pesticide Use: The Impact on Profitability by Farm Size
Authors: Whittaker Gerald , Lin Biing-Hwan , Vasavada Utpal 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA sample of 226 cash grain farms in the Lake States-Corn Belt region are analyzed to estimate the impact of restricting pesticide use on profits. These 226 farms are classified into small, medium, and large farms according to their sale revenues. The results suggest the existence of pest management practices that could substantially reduce pesticide use without incurring economic losses. The reductions in profits associated with gradual reductions in pesticide expenditure appear to increase with farm size.
The Responsiveness of U.S. Rice Acreage to Price and Production Costs
Authors: Salassi Michael E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOrdinary least squares and seemingly unrelated regression procedures were used to analyze the impacts of changes in rice prices and production costs on U.S. rice planted acreage. National and regional response models were estimated over the 1970-92 period. Supply-inducing prices of rice were estimated as a function of effective rice support prices and seasonal average market prices. Expected production costs per acre were estimated using lagged actual total variable cash production expenses per acre adjusted by the previous 3-year average annual change in variable expenses. Estimated short-run price and production cost elasticities were found to be inelastic at the national level. However, the magnitude of the production cost elasticities were found to be greater than the price elasticities. Estimated long-run elasticities at the U.S. level were inelastic for changes in price but elastic for changes in production costs. Although acreage response varied across regions, similar relationships were found between price and production cost elasticities.
An Evaluation of Post Conservation Reserve Program Alternatives In The Texas High Plains
Authors: Johnson Phillip N. , Segarra Eduardo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFour policy alternatives for CRP lands upon expiration of the current contracts in Hale County, Texas are evaluated using chance-constrained programming. It was found that if CRP contracts are extended at the current average rental rate, 40 percent of the current enrollment would be expected to return to crop production, while 66 percent would return to crop production if the program were eliminated. The results also indicate that the marginal value of CRP payments to producers is lower than the marginal value of deficiency payments.
Stein-Leventhal Syndrome in Sisters — The Possible Role of Genetic Factors in the “Polycystic Ovary Syndrome”
Authors: Borghi A. , Maiello M. , Giusti G. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryTwo pairs of sisters are reported who showed clinical, morphologic, and hormone abnormalities, such as to be classified in the picture of the so-called Stein-Leventhal syndrome.These cases, as other few similar observations, may suggest the possibility that, at least in some instances, the Stein-Leventhal syndrome can be governed by factors of a genetic order.After a short review of the literature on this subject, it is pointed out that enough evidence supports the existence of predisposing genetic factors to the manifestation of the syndrome, although a true heredity of the disease cannot at the moment be entirely supported. Also some fraternal cases could find an explanation in lesional actions repeated during subsequent pregnancies.
La Genetica del Diabete
Authors: Gedda L. , Casa D. , Brenci G. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe introduction of informatics in the study of hereditary diseases, i.e., the birth of informatic medical genetics, marks a turning point in the history of medicine.The biological informatics is the product of molecular genetics on one hand, and cybernetics on the other. The former has brought the study of the hereditary phenomena to the level of nucleic acids; while the latter, originally devised to the service of automation, reflects a number of fundamental biological phenomena, also at the molecular level.The informatics of hereditary diseases is referred to a damage of the operative units acting to secure the development and homeostasis of the organism. The mechanistic conception of the damage is complemented by the energetic and chronologic concept.On such foundations a modern conception of the genetics of diabetes is thus formulated. The clinical inadequacy of the static genealogical model is stressed, and the introduction of a dynamic model is suggested, taking into account the gradual chronological extinction of the normoglycemic genotype.
A Note on Parent-Offspring Correlation and Inbreeding
Authors: Chakraborty Ranajit 
Published: July 2016

SummaryFor a diallelic autosomal character, the correlation between parental total score and offspring total score (known as the parent-offspring correlation) given by + √{s(1 + 3F)/[(s+ 1) +F(3s− 1)]}, is used here to estimateF, the constant which is commonly interpreted as coefficient of inbreeding. When the family records include varying number of children, a reasonably good estimate ofFis exhibited which agrees fairly with other available estimates.
Aneusomy by Recombination:A possible example involving the E18 chromosome
Authors: Bartalos M. , Richardson H. B. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA 5 year old female child is described with mental and growth retardation, prominent occiput, low-set ears, moderate mid-face hypoplasia, congenital heart defect, mal-set toes, and a relatively high frequency of whorls on the fingers. The abnormal E18 chromosome found is thought to represent a partial deletion of the long arm with trisomy for a small terminal segment of the short arm as the result of a pericentric shift followed by crossing-over within the inverted shifted segment. Thus this case may represent a further example of “aneusomy by recombination”.
Malformative Syndrome with Cryptophthalmos
Authors: François J. , Leuven M. Th. Matton-Van , Rouck A. De , Hanssens M. , Coppieters R. , Biet S. De 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe malformative syndrome with cryptophthalmos is characterized by cryptophthalmos or congenital symblepharon of the upper lid, dyscephalia with malformations of the ears, nose and mouth, syndactylia, malformations of the urogenital organs and other less constant anomalies.
Chromosomal Aneuploidy, Mosaicism and Eugenics
Authors: Zellweger H. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryChromosomal aneuploidy in individuals is very frequent, and is generally a sporadic occurrence. Some aneuploidies seem to be familial, however; that is, parents may have more than one aneuploid child, or they may come from families in which an agglomeration of aneuploidies is distributed over several generations. Since, in such instances, parents often seek eugenic counsel to learn their chances of having aneuploid children, four types of familial aneuploidy and their recurrence risks are described. Special emphasis is given to the more important types of familial interchange, for which the recurrence risks can be calculated with fair accuracy. Familial mosaicism, a rare and puzzling genetic entity with which aneuploidy seems definitely correlated, is discussed.
Brachydactyly and Pseudo-Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Hertzog Keith P. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryShortened fifth middle phalanges, defined as being less than half the length of the fourth middle phalanx, were found in 12 of 96 Philadelphia Chinese and none of 200 Philadelphia Negro children. At least nine of these can be characterized as having stunted cratered diaphyses, with precocious cone epiphyses, which underwent very early epiphyseal union.The possible extension of a current vascular hypothesis for cone epiphyses, to include inherited osseous variation in this region of the little finger, is discussed.A classification of metacarpal brachydactyly is presented, with the intention of investigating the syndrome of pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. Reports of cases which have been held to negate the theory that Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy is sex linked were found to have the pattern of phalangeal shortening exhibited by one of the forms of metacarpal brachydactyly. This finding lends support to the contention of others that these reported cases are not pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism.
Electroencephalographic Findings in MZ Twin Pairs, Discordant for Closed Head Injury
Authors: Sulg Ilmar A. , Dencker Sven J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA follow-up EEG study in 28 cases with closed head injuries, using MZ co-twins as controls, is described. A new concept in EEG analysis is introduced. A combined EEG code and point scale are more effective in discriminating subtle differences between two EEG records. A high concordance was found whether the EEG showed normal or abnormal patterns. Not only the head-injured twins but also the controls showed more abnormalities than in the normal population. Without this check by co-twins the EEG abnormalities could have been taken for persisting signs of the proband injury. It was found, however, in late follow-up that proband twins showed more EEG aberrations and abnormalities than co-twins, but the probands differed already in pre-traumatic mental make-up from their genetically identical controls. Neither differences in mental make-up nor in EEG characteristics showed any statistically significant correlation with the severity of the proband injury. These observations limit the significance of EEG abnormalities in late concussional states.This study also indicates that there are individually specific EEG patterns, which in health retain their characteristics throughout life. The EEG pattern is therefore concordant in identical twins. Thus, when a twin is influenced by a brain disease or lesion, the co-twin may serve as a biological control in both acute and follow-up studies.