bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognising and responding to ‘cutting corners’ when providing nursing care: a qualitative study
Authors: Jones Angela , Johnstone Megan‐Jane , Duke Maxine 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study is to report on a key finding of a larger study investigating the ‘gaps’ in patient care that registered nurses encounter during the course of their practice. A key finding of this larger study was that ‘cutting corners’ was a gap discerned by nurses.Background‘Cutting corners’ has been characterised as a ‘violation’ and threat to patient safety, although there is a paucity of research on this issue.DesignNaturalistic inquiry using a qualitative exploratory descriptive approach.MethodsData were collected from a purposeful sample of 71 registered nurses from emergency department, critical care, perioperative, rehabilitation and transitional care and neurosciences settings in Australia and analysed using content and thematic analysis strategies.ResultsCutting corners was a common practice that encompassed (1) the partial or complete omission of patient care, (2) delays in providing care and (3) the failure to do things correctly. Corners were cut in patient assessment, essential nursing care, the care of central venous catheters and medication administration. The practice of cutting corners was perceived as contributing to preventable adverse events.ConclusionsThe study found that cutting corners created gaps that contributed to unfinished nursing care and preventable adverse events. The findings of the study raise the possibility that cutting corners is a salient but underinvestigated characteristic of nursing practice. Further research and inquiry are needed to deepen understanding of cutting corners and its impact on patient safety.Relevance to clinical practiceIdentifying the nature and implications of cutting corners when providing nursing care is an important contributing factor to improving patient safety and quality care.
The relationship among pressure ulcer risk factors, incidence and nursing documentation in hospital‐acquired pressure ulcer patients in intensive care units
Authors: Li Dan 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore the quality/comprehensiveness of nursing documentation of pressure ulcers and to investigate the relationship between the nursing documentation and the incidence of pressure ulcers in four intensive care units.BackgroundPressure ulcer prevention requires consistent assessments and documentation to decrease pressure ulcer incidence. Currently, most research is focused on devices to prevent pressure ulcers. Studies have rarely considered the relationship among pressure ulcer risk factors, incidence and nursing documentation. Thus, a study to investigate this relationship is needed to fill this information gap.DesignA retrospective, comparative, descriptive, correlational study.MethodA convenience sample of 196 intensive care units patients at the selected medical centre comprised the study sample. All medical records of patients admitted to intensive care units between the time periods of September 1, 2011 through September 30, 2012 were audited. Data used in the analysis included 98 pressure ulcer patients and 98 non‐pressure ulcer patients. The quality and comprehensiveness of pressure ulcer documentation were measured by the modified European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Pressure Ulcers Assessment Instrument and the Comprehensiveness in Nursing Documentation instrument.ResultThe correlations between quality/comprehensiveness of pressure ulcer documentation and incidence of pressure ulcers were not statistically significant. Patients with pressure ulcers had longer length of stay than patients without pressure ulcers stay. There were no statistically significant differences in quality/comprehensiveness scores of pressure ulcer documentation between dayshift and nightshift.ConclusionThis study revealed a lack of quality/comprehensiveness in nursing documentation of pressure ulcers. This study demonstrates that staff nurses often perform poorly on documenting pressure ulcer appearance, staging and treatment. Moreover, nursing documentation of pressure ulcers does not provide a complete picture of patients’ care needs that require nursing interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceThe implication of this study involves pressure ulcer prevention and litigable risk of nursing documentation.
Effect of Porcelain Shade and Application Time on Shade Reproduction
Authors: Bahannan Salma Ahmed , Awad Mohamed Abdelmageed 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeTo determine the variability in shade reproduction of metal ceramic restorations fabricated by different laboratory technicians at different fabrication times.Materials and MethodsOne hundred thirty five metal copings for metal ceramic restorations were fabricated with a standardized method and distributed among three dental laboratory technicians (n = 45). Each technician was requested to match three different shade specifications including 2L1.5, 3M2, 4R2.5 shade tabs of 3D Master shade guide following the manufacturer's instructions. The technicians were instructed to build up each shade 15 times using the same porcelain at three time periods namely first thing in the morning (T1), middle of the work day (T2), and at the end of the work day (T3) (n = 5). Color difference (∆E) was determined with a spectrophotometer. Each restoration was measured and recorded nine times. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using a univariate general linear model with Scheffe post hoc test, and one‐way ANOVA at 5% level of significanceResultsThe color difference (∆E) was significantly different among technicians, time of application, and shade matched. Technician 1 demonstrated good color reproduction for all shades in T1. That was the same as technician 2 for shades 3M2 and 4R2.5, but the lighter shade (2L1.5) was better in T2 and T3. Technician 3 had better results at T3. The lowest mean value of ∆E was calculated with technician 3 while the highest mean value was with technician 2. T2 was associated with higher ∆E values in contrast to the other two times for technicians 1 and 2, while T3 was associated with lower ∆E values for technicians 2 and 3.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the shade reproduction is affected by the time of porcelain application. The ability to reproduce the target shade differed among laboratory technicians. No specific time can be considered for all technicians to reproduce the shades with more accuracy.
A Community‐Engaged Approach to Collecting Rural Health Surveillance Data
Authors: Puma Jini E. , Belansky Elaine S. , Garcia Reginaldo , Scarbro Sharon , Williford Devon , Marshall Julie A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeIn order for communities to make health‐related, data‐driven decisions concerning resource allocation, needed services, and intervention priorities, they need an accurate picture of the health status of residents. While state and national health surveillance systems exist to help local communities make data‐driven health decisions, rural communities face unique challenges including: (1) limited county‐level data; (2) underrepresented segments of the population; and (3) a lack of survey items to address local health concerns. The purpose of this study was to take a community‐engaged approach to collecting population‐based health status data in a rural area in an effort to address some of these unique challenges.MethodsUsing a community‐based participatory research (CBPR) approach, over 1,500 residents from 6 rural and frontier counties were randomly selected with a stratified, multistage cluster study design. Surveys were primarily completed over the phone.FindingsResponse rates by county ranged from 59% to 80% (overall = 66%). Males and younger adults (18‐24 year olds) were underrepresented in the sample, but Hispanics, low‐income residents, and cell phone‐only users were adequately represented. Prevalence rates for chronic disease and health behavior varied by county.ConclusionsThe implications of this project are that engaging stakeholders in community surveillance efforts increases the quality, relevance and utility of the information collected and can help reach otherwise difficult‐to‐reach populations. This can result in a more accurate picture of the health status of residents, which can lead to making health‐related, data‐driven decisions concerning resource allocation, needed services, and intervention priorities.
A framework for priority effects
Authors: Fukami Tadashi , Mordecai Erin A. , Ostling Annette 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHistory of species arrival can influence plant community assembly. In this issue of the Journal of Vegetation Science, Sarneel et al. show that the strength of such historical contingency, or priority effects, varies with soil moisture in riparian plants. We discuss this study within a theoretical framework describing how and when priority effects occur via destabilizing and equalizing mechanisms.
Video‐Based Interaction, Negotiation for Comprehensibility, and Second Language Speech Learning: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Saito Kazuya , Akiyama Yuka 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study examined the impact of video‐based conversational interaction on the longitudinal development (one academic semester) of second language production by college‐level Japanese English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language learners. Students in the experimental group engaged in weekly dyadic conversation exchanges with native speakers in the United States via telecommunication tools. The native speaker interlocutors were trained to provide interactional feedback (recasts) when the nonnative speakers’ utterances hindered successful understanding (i.e., negotiation for comprehensibility). The students in the comparison group received regular foreign language instruction without any interaction with native speakers. The coded video data showed that the experimental students worked on improving all linguistic domains of language, likely in response to their native speaker interlocutors’ interactional feedback (recasts, negotiation) during the treatment. The pretest–posttest data of the students’ spontaneous production showed that they made significant gains in the dimensions of comprehensibility, fluency, and lexicogrammar but not in those of accentedness and pronunciation.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository at http://www.iris‐database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Salinity tolerance is related to cyanide‐resistant alternative respiration in Medicago truncatula under sudden severe stress
Authors: Del‐Saz Néstor Fernández , Florez‐Sarasa Igor , Clemente‐Moreno María José , Mhadhbi Haytem , Flexas Jaume , Fernie Alisdair R. , Ribas‐Carbó Miquel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSalt respiration is defined as the increase of respiration under early salt stress. However, the response of respiration varies depending on the degree of salt tolerance and salt stress.It has been hypothesized that the activity of the alternative pathway may increase preventing over‐reduction of the ubiquinone pool in response to salinity, which in turn can increase respiration. Three genotypes of Medicago truncatula are reputed as differently responsive to salinity: TN1.11, A17 and TN6.18. We used the oxygen‐isotope fractionation technique to study the in vivo respiratory activities of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP) and the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) in leaves and roots of these genotypes treated with severe salt stress (300 mM) during 1 and 3 days. In parallel, AOX capacity, gas exchange measurements, relative water content and metabolomics were determined in control and treated plants. Our study shows for first time that salt respiration is induced by the triggered AOP in response to salinity. Moreover, this phenomenon coincides with increased levels of metabolites such as amino and organic acids, and is shown to be related with higher photosynthetic rate and water content in TN6.18.
The virtuous circle: predator‐friendly farming and ecological restoration in Australia
Authors: Johnson Chris N. , Wallach Arian D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn Australia, dingoes are widely regarded as enemies of livestock, and accordingly livestock producers commonly attempt to reduce or eradicate them by lethal control. This can have two forms of perverse outcomes: lethal control often does not succeed in reducing dingo populations and can even result in increased attacks on livestock; and the environmental benefits provided by dingoes, some of which are valuable to livestock production, are lost. We describe these outcomes and suggest mechanisms by which tolerance of dingoes could provide benefits to livestock enterprises, at the same time widening the scope of ecological restoration, and humane treatment of wildlife in Australia.
Responsive regulation in public‐private partnerships: Between deterrence and persuasion
Authors: Reynaers Anne‐Marie , Parrado Salvador 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDesign‐Build‐Finance‐Maintain‐Operate (DBFMO) contracts are a particular type of public‐private partnership whereby governments transfer the responsibility for the design, construction, financing, maintenance, and operation of a public infrastructure or utility service building to a multi‐headed private consortium through a long‐term performance contract. These arrangements present a typical principal‐agent problem because they incorporate a “carrot and stick” approach in which the agent (consortium) has to fulfill the expectations of the principal (procurer). This article deals with a neglected aspect in the literature related to the actual use of “the sticks or sanctions” in DBFMOs and assesses to what extent and under which conditions contract managers adopt a deterrence‐based enforcement approach or switch to a persuasion‐based approach, specifically when the contract clauses require the use of (automatic) deterrence. An empirical analysis of four DBFMOs in the Netherlands shows that the continuation of service delivery, the need to build trust, and the lack of agreement on output specifications play a role in the willingness of the procurer to apply a more responsive behavior that uses persuasion, even when deterrence should be automatically applied. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
Hospital Mergers with Regulated Prices
Authors: Brekke Kurt R. , Siciliani Luigi , Straume Odd Rune 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe study the effects of a hospital merger in a spatial competition framework where semi‐altruistic hospitals choose quality and cost‐containment effort. Whereas a merger always leads to higher average cost efficiency, the effect on quality provision depends on the strategic nature of quality competition, which in turn depends on the degree of altruism and the effectiveness of cost‐containment effort. If qualities are strategic complements, then a merger leads to lower quality for all hospitals. If qualities are strategic substitutes, then a merger leads to higher quality for at least one hospital, and might also yield higher average quality provision and increased patient utility.
IRE1, a component of the unfolded protein response signaling pathway, protects pollen development in Arabidopsis from heat stress
Authors: Deng Yan , Srivastava Renu , Quilichini Teagen D. , Dong Haili , Bao Yan , Horner Harry T. , Howell Stephen H. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated by various stresses during vegetative development in Arabidopsis, but is constitutively active in anthers of unstressed plants. To understand the role of the UPR during reproductive development, we analyzed a double mutant, ire1a ire1b. The double mutant knocks out the RNA‐splicing arm of the UPR signaling pathway. It is fertile at room temperature but male sterile at modestly elevated temperature (ET). The conditional male sterility in the mutant is a sporophytic trait, and when the double mutant was grown at ET, defects appeared in the structure of the tapetum. As a result, the tapetum in the double mutant failed to properly deposit the pollen coat at ET, which made pollen grains clump and prevented their normal dispersal. IRE1 is a dual protein kinase/ribonuclease involved in the splicing of bZIP60 mRNA, and through complementation analysis of various mutant forms of IRE1b it was demonstrated that the ribonuclease activity of IRE1 was required for protecting male fertility from ET. It was also found that overexpression of SEC31A rescued the conditional male sterility in the double mutant. SEC31A is involved in trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi and a major target of the IRE1‐mediated UPR signaling in stressed seedlings. Thus, IRE1, a major component of the UPR, plays an important role in protecting pollen development from ET.
Fundus photography with a smartphone in indirect ophthalmoscopy in dogs and cats
Authors: Kanemaki Nobuyuki , Inaniwa Mizuho , Terakado Kunihiko , Kawarai Shinpei , Ichikawa Yoichiro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo introduce a simple method for fundus photography of dogs and cats using a smartphone and indirect ophthalmoscopy lenses.MethodsFundus photographs of dogs and cats with transparent ocular media were obtained with 15D, 20D, 28D, and 40D indirect lenses and an iPhone‐6, in a dark room and after pharmacologic pupil dilation. The photographs were recorded as still images using a video application and a video‐to‐still image application. Two types of neutral density (ND) filters were used as required for reduction of the torch illumination power of the iPhone.ResultsThe images obtained in this study were upside‐down as a result of the optics used. A 180‐degree rotation was used to show their natural anatomical orientation. The image field of view varied with the diopter strength of the indirect lens used. The 40‐diopter lens offered the widest field.ConclusionStill images obtained with a smartphone, and indirect lenses may be useful for client communication and teaching in small animal ophthalmology.
Predictive Computer Models for Biofilm Detachment Properties in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Cogan Nick G. , Harro Janette M. , Stoodley Paul , Shirtliff Mark E. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Microbial biofilm communities are protected against environmental extremes or clearance by antimicrobial agents or the host immune response. They also serve as a site from which microbial populations search for new niches by dispersion via single planktonic cells or by detachment by protected biofilm aggregates that, until recently, were thought to become single cells ready for attachment. Mathematically modeling these events has provided investigators with testable hypotheses for further study. Such was the case in the recent article by Kragh et al. (K. N. Kragh, J. B. Hutchison, G. Melaugh, C. Rodesney, A. E. Roberts, Y. Irie, P. Ø. Jensen, S. P. Diggle, R. J. Allen, V. Gordon, and T. Bjarnsholt, mBio 7:e00237-16, 2016,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00237-16
), in which investigators were able to identify the differential competitive advantage of biofilm aggregates to directly attach to surfaces compared to the single-celled planktonic populations. Therefore, as we delve deeper into the properties of the biofilm mode of growth, not only do we need to understand the complexity of biofilms, but we must also account for the properties of the dispersed and detached populations and their effect on reseeding.
Associations between chronic conditions, body functions, activity limitations and participation restrictions: a cross-sectional approach in Spanish non-clinical populations
Authors: Rodríguez-Blázquez Carmen , Damián Javier , Andrés-Prado María José , Almazán-Isla Javier , Alcalde-Cabero Enrique , Forjaz Maria João , Castellote Juan Manuel , González-Enríquez Jesús , Martínez-Martín Pablo , Comín Magdalena , de Pedro-Cuesta Jesús 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo analyse the relationships between chronic conditions, body functions, activity limitations and participation restrictions in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework.DesignA cross-sectional study.Setting2 geographical areas in the Autonomous Region of Aragon, Spain, namely, a rural area, Cinco Villas, and an urban area in the city of Zaragoza.Participants864 individuals selected by simple random sampling from the register of Social Security card holders, aged 50 years and over, positive to disability screening.Main outcome measuresICF Checklist—body function domains, WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0, 36-item (WHODAS-36)) global scores and medical diagnoses (chronic conditions) from primary care records.ResultsMild disability (WHODAS-36 level 5–24%) was present in 51.5% of the sample. In the adjusted ordinal regression model with WHODAS-36 as the dependent variable, disability was substantially associated with moderate-to-complete impairment in the following functions: mental, OR 212.8 (95% CI 72 to 628.9); neuromusculoskeletal, OR 44.8 (24.2 to 82.8); and sensory and pain, OR 6.3 (3.5 to 11.2). In the relationship between health conditions and body function impairments, the strongest links were seen for: dementia with mental functions, OR 50.6 (25.1 to 102.1); cerebrovascular disease with neuromusculoskeletal function, OR 5.8 (3.5 to 9.7); and chronic renal failure with sensory function and pain, OR 3.0 (1.49 to 6.4). Dementia, OR 8.1 (4.4 to 14.7) and cerebrovascular disease, OR 4.1 (2.7 to 6.4) were associated with WHODAS-36 scores.ConclusionsBody functions are heterogeneously linked to limitations in activities and restrictions on participation, with the highest impact being due to mental and musculoskeletal functions. This may be relevant for disability assessment and intervention design, particularly if defined on a body function basis. Control of specific health conditions, such as dementia and cerebrovascular disease, appears to be paramount in reducing disability among persons aged 50 years and over.
Characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis and its association with major comorbid conditions: cross-sectional study of 502 649 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Siebert Stefan , Lyall Donald M , Mackay Daniel F , Porter Duncan , McInnes Iain B , Sattar Naveed , Pell Jill P 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionTo characterise the detailed phenotypic and comorbid characteristics of participants with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the large population-based UK Biobank, thereby enabling future longitudinal analyses.MethodsWe undertook a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the unique UK Biobank resource (n=502 649). RA was based on self-report, and type of medication was used as a proxy measure of valid diagnosis. Participants with and without RA were compared in terms of sociodemographic, lifestyle and other disease-related risk factors. Logistic regression models were used to determine whether participants with RA were more likely to report comorbid conditions, and whether this varied by RA severity. The models were adjusted for potential confounders and lifestyle risk factors.ResultsAt baseline, 5657 (1.13%) eligible UK Biobank participants reported RA of whom 2849 (0.57%) had medically treated RA (median duration=10 years). Prevalence was significantly higher among female, South Asian and socioeconomically deprived participants. Participants with RA were significantly more likely to report diabetes (covariate-adjusted OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.32, p<0.01), hypertension (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.27, p<0.001) and cardiovascular disease (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.67, p<0.001).ConclusionsUK Biobank provides extensive data concerning RA population-level comorbidity and risk factors. The frequency, distribution and characteristics of participants reporting RA in UK Biobank are largely consistent with other studies. It provides a unique opportunity to interrogate biomarkers, genetic data, detailed imaging and linkage to clinical records at the population level across primary and secondary care.