bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deceleration capacity of heart rate predicts 1‐year mortality of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Duckheim Martin , Bensch Charlotte , Kittlitz Linn , Götz Nin , Klee Katharina , Groga‐Bada Patrick , Mizera Lars , Gawaz Meinrad , Zuern Christine , Eick Christian 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundRisk prediction in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is challenging. Development of novel markers for patient risk assessment is of great clinical value. Deceleration capacity (DC) of heart rate is a strong risk predictor in post‐infarction patients.HypothesisDC provides prognostic information in patients undergoing TAVI.MethodsWe enrolled 374 consecutive patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI. All patients received 24‐hour Holter recording or continuous heart‐rate monitoring to assess DC before intervention. Primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality after 1 year.ResultsForty‐nine patients (13.1%) died within 1 year. DC was significantly lower in nonsurvivors than in survivors (1.2 ± 4.8 ms vs 3.3 ± 2.9 ms; P < 0.001), whereas the logistic EuroSCORE and EuroSCORE II were comparable between groups (logistic EuroSCORE: 27.3% ± 17.0% vs 22.9% ± 14.2%; P = 0.122; EuroSCORE II: 8.0% ± 6.9% vs 6.7% ± 4.8%, P = 0.673). One‐year mortality in the 116 patients with impaired DC (<2.5 ms) was significantly higher than in patients with normal DC (23.3% vs 8.5%; P < 0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analysis that included DC, sex, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, hemoglobin level before TAVI, and logistic EuroSCORE, DC was the strongest predictor of 1‐year mortality (hazard ratio: 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.85‐0.94, P < 0.001). DC yielded an AUC in the ROC analysis of 0.645.ConclusionsDC of heart rate is a strong and independent predictor of 1‐year mortality in patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI.
Rationalizing the 2.25 Å Resolution Crystal Structure of the Water Oxidising Complex of Photosystem II in the S3 State
Authors: Petrie Simon , Stranger Rob , Pace Ron J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractQuantum chemical calculations are described which rationalize the recent X‐ray diffraction (XRD) structure at 2.25 Å of the Mn4Ca water oxidising complex (WOC) of photosystem II (PSII) in the S3 intermediate state. The new S3 XRD structure shows remarkable similarity to earlier atomic resolution (1.9, 1.95 Å) WOC structures in the dark stable S1 state and is inconsistent with most current proposals, from computational chemistry and other sources, regarding the Mn oxidation state levels in the WOC cluster and the nature of water substrate binding, particularly in S3. This mirrors earlier failures to rationalise the WOC geometry in the 1.9 and 1.95 Å S1 XRD structures, assuming “high” paradigm Mn oxidation models. However, we recently showed that a lower Mn oxidation assumption closely reproduces the S1 XRD structures, computationally. This same “low” Mn oxidation model, now computationally applied in S3, not only reproduces the latest 2.25 Å XRD structure but also rationalises a number of other important, experimental features of the WOC, including the metal–metal distances inferred from EXAFS studies as well as earlier S3 state XRD structures of lower resolution (4–5 Å). As found previously for S1, the WOC in the S3 state is computationally revealed to be structurally variable, consistent with some EXAFS and lower‐resolution XRD data. This is a direct consequence of at least two MnIII ions being present in all metastable S states.
Triplet Harvesting with a Simple Aromatic Carbonyl
Authors: Torres Ziegenbein Christian , Fröbel Sascha , Glöß Maria , Nobuyasu Roberto S. , Data Przemyslaw , Monkman Andrew , Gilch Peter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Peter Gilch (HHU Düsseldorf) and Prof. Andrew Monkman (Durham University). The image shows a chimera illuminated by the fluorescence emission of thioxanthone, the aromatic carbonyl studied here. Due to singlet and triplet excitations in close energetic vicinity, its photophysics exhibits a chimeric behavior. This behavior renders the class of molecules interesting as emitters in OLEDs. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201700683.
Electrolyte Engineering towards Efficient Water Splitting at Mild pH
Authors: Shinagawa Tatsuya , Ng Marcus Tze‐Kiat , Takanabe Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe development of processes for the conversion of H2O and CO2 driven by electricity generated by renewable means is essential to achieving sustainable energy and chemical cycles, in which the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the bottlenecks. In this study, the influences of the electrolyte molarity and identity on the OER at alkaline to neutral pH were investigated at an appreciable current density of around 10 mA cm−2, revealing both the clear boundary of reactant switching between H2O/OH−, owing to the diffusion limitation of OH−, and the substantial contribution of the mass transport of the buffered species in buffered mild‐pH conditions. These findings suggest a strategy of electrolyte engineering: tuning the electrolyte properties to maximize the mass‐transport flux. The concept is successfully demonstrated for the OER, as well as overall water electrolysis in buffered mild‐pH conditions, shedding light on the development of practical solar fuel production systems.
Facile Spray‐Pyrolysis Synthesis of Yolk–Shell Earth‐Abundant Elemental Nickel–Iron‐Based Nanohybrid Electrocatalysts for Full Water Splitting
Authors: Li Hao , Ci Suqin , Zhang Mengtian , Chen Junxiang , Lai Keyuan , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe development of high‐activity electrocatalysts for water splitting that comprise only inexpensive, earth‐abundant elements is critical but remains a daunting challenge. In this work, yolk–shell Ni3Fe/Ni3FeN was prepared by a spray‐pyrolysis technique, which could be scaleable. The yolk–shell Ni3Fe/Ni3FeN presents excellent catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with overpotentials of 268 and 166 mV at 10 mA cm−2, respectively, and bears a prominent electrochemical durability. Overall water splitting with an electrolyzer containing the yolk–shell Ni3Fe/Ni3FeN as the cathode and anode only requires a cell voltage of 1.62 V to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The present research not only introduces a new route for the synthesis of advanced functional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting but also sheds light on their potential commercial applications.
Heart failure oral therapies at discharge are associated with better outcome in acute heart failure: a propensity‐score matched study
Authors: Gayat Etienne , Arrigo Mattia , Littnerova Simona , Sato Naoki , Parenica Jiri , Ishihara Shiro , Spinar Jindrich , Müller Christian , Harjola Veli‐Pekka , Lassus Johan , Miró Òscar , Maggioni Aldo P. , AlHabib Khalid F. , Choi Dong‐Ju , Park Jin Joo , Zhang Yuhui , Zhang Jian , Januzzi James L. , Kajimoto Katsuya , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Mebazaa Alexandre ,   on behalf of the GREAT Network
Published: August 2017

AimsHeart failure oral therapies (HFOTs), including beta‐blockers (BB), renin–angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, administered before hospital discharge after acute heart failure (AHF) might improve outcome. However, concerns have been raised because early administration of HFOTs may worsen patient's condition. We hypothesized that HFOTs at hospital discharge might be associated with better post‐discharge survival.Methods and resultsThe study population was composed of 19 980 AHF patients from the GREAT registry. The primary and secondary outcomes were 90‐day and 1‐year all‐cause mortality, respectively. Survival was estimated with univariate and covariate‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models for the whole population and after propensity‐score matching. HFOTs at discharge were consistently associated with no excess mortality in the unadjusted and adjusted analyses of the whole and matched cohorts. In the matched cohort, BB and RASi at discharge were associated with lower 90‐day mortality risks compared to the respective untreated groups [hazard ratio (HR) 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46–0.69; and HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.42–0.66, respectively]. The favourable associations of BB and RASi at discharge with 90‐day mortality were present in many subgroups including patients with reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and persisted up to 1 year after discharge. The combination of RASi and BB was associated with an even lower risk of death than RASi or BB alone.ConclusionsAdministration of HFOTs at hospital discharge is associated with better survival of AHF patients.
Thin‐Film Fuel Cells using a Sodium Silicate Binder with La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF) and LaCePr Oxides (LCP) Membranes
Authors: Feng Chu , Wang Baoyuan , Zhu Jing , Wang Hao , Zhu Bin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSodium silicate was used as a binder to prepare LaCePr oxides (LCP) and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF) thin films on a Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05Li oxide ceramic substrate for the first time. The microstructure, morphology, and electrical properties of the LSCF–LCP thin films were characterized and investigated by using XRD, SEM, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The film sintered at 600 °C presents promising density and has been successfully applied as the electrolyte membrane for solid‐oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Such a device achieved a respectable electrochemical performance with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.04 V and a maximum power output of 545 mW cm−2 at 575 °C. These findings suggest that sodium silicate is a suitable binder for the preparation of dense thin‐film membranes for SOFCs. Moreover, the preparation technology based on sodium silicate eliminated degumming and high‐temperature sintering, which resulted in greatly simplifying the preparation process of the thin‐film fuel cell towards potential fuel cell commercialization.
Enhanced Coverage of All‐Inorganic Perovskite CsPbBr3 through Sequential Deposition for Green Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ng Yan Fong , Neo Wei Jian , Jamaludin Nur Fadilah , Yantara Natalia , Mhaisalkar Subodh , Mathews Nripan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFilm morphology has a major influence on the performance of halide perovskite semiconductors, where poor coverage and pinholes are generally detrimental and result in undesirable current leakage. All‐inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) has an advantage of improved stability especially under device operation, but the low solubility of the ionic precursor CsBr limits the coverage of the solution‐processed film. To tackle this, a sequential deposition technique is proposed whereby PbBr2 is first deposited on a planar substrate prior to exposure to a CsBr solution to initiate conversion to the desired CsPbBr3 phase. This approach essentially nullifies the solubility problem of CsBr and the final perovskite film coverage now chiefly depends on the initial PbBr2 concentration and the duration of exposure to the CsBr solution. With over 90 % film coverage achieved, a proof of concept perovskite light‐emitting diode (PeLED) with green emission at 527 nm has also been achieved, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of this methodology for future device fabrication.
Prospective mixture risk assessment and management prioritizations for river catchments with diverse land uses
Authors: Posthuma Leo , Brown Colin D. , de Zwart Dick , Diamond Jerome , Dyer Scott D. , Holmes Christopher M. , Marshall Stuart , Burton G. Allen 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Ecological risk assessment increasingly focuses on risks from chemical mixtures and multiple stressors because ecosystems are commonly exposed to a plethora of contaminants and nonchemical stressors. To simplify the task of assessing potential mixture effects, we explored 3 land use–related chemical emission scenarios. We applied a tiered methodology to judge the implications of the emissions of chemicals from agricultural practices, domestic discharges, and urban runoff in a quantitative model. The results showed land use–dependent mixture exposures, clearly discriminating downstream effects of land uses, with unique chemical “signatures” regarding composition, concentration, and temporal patterns. Associated risks were characterized in relation to the land-use scenarios. Comparisons to measured environmental concentrations and predicted impacts showed relatively good similarity. The results suggest that the land uses imply exceedances of regulatory protective environmental quality standards, varying over time in relation to rain events and associated flow and dilution variation. Higher-tier analyses using ecotoxicological effect criteria confirmed that species assemblages may be affected by exposures exceeding no-effect levels and that mixture exposure could be associated with predicted species loss under certain situations. The model outcomes can inform various types of prioritization to support risk management, including a ranking across land uses as a whole, a ranking on characteristics of exposure times and frequencies, and various rankings of the relative role of individual chemicals. Though all results are based on in silico assessments, the prospective land use–based approach applied in the present study yields useful insights for simplifying and assessing potential ecological risks of chemical mixtures and can therefore be useful for catchment-management decisions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:715–728. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nutritional variation in baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) fruit pulp and seeds based on Africa geographical regions
Authors: Muthai Kinuthia U. , Karori Mbuthia S. , Muchugi Alice , Indieka Abwao S. , Dembele Catherine , Mng'omba Simon , Jamnadass Ramni 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBaobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is an indigenous fruit tree associated with the Savannah drylands of sub‐Saharan Africa. Local communities mainly utilize the leaves, pulp, and seeds of baobab as a source of food and for income generation. The present study was conducted to determine the nutritive attributes of baobab fruit pulp and seeds across provenances in east, west, and southern Africa and to determine whether the nutrient content varied with the provenance of origin. Pulp and seed proximate composition and mineral element concentration were determined using the AOAC 1984 methods and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES), respectively. The results showed that there exist significant variation (p < .05) in pulp moisture, protein, fiber, ash, and elemental content among provenances. The highest mean pulp crude fiber (8.68 g 100 g−1 dw) was recorded in Kenya. At country level, Malawi had the highest mean pulp potassium (22.2 mg g−1), calcium (4,300 mg kg−1), magnesium (2,300 mg kg−1), sodium (1,000 mg kg−1), and phosphorus (1,100 mg kg−1) levels. Kenya had the highest mean pulp iron (57.4 μg g−1) and manganese (27.2 μg g−1) content, while Mali had the lowest iron (13.1 μg g−1) and manganese (8.6 μg g−1). At country level, the mean seed calcium content was highest (3,200 mg kg−1) in Malawi and lowest (2,000 mg kg−1) in Kenya. The highest mean iron content of 63.7 μg g−1 was recorded in seeds from Kenya, while the lowest (25.8 μg g−1) was in Mali. Baobab seed mineral and proximate content varied significantly (p < .001) among the selected countries. Overall, baobab fruit pulp and seeds contain significant amounts of nutritionally essential minerals and proximate components but the amounts varied significantly among the selected countries. This variation offers opportunities for selecting provenances to concentrate on during germplasm collection for conservation and domestication of baobab.
Effects of thermal processing on the nutritional and functional properties of defatted conophor nut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) flour and protein isolates
Authors: Iyenagbe David O. , Malomo Sunday A. , Idowu Atinuke O. , Badejo Adebanjo A. , Fagbemi Tayo N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractConophor nut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) was processed using different heat treatments to explore its full potential as food ingredients. The raw, boiled, and toasted nuts were defatted and the proteins isolated by alkaline solubilization and isoelectric precipitation. The variously processed nuts were analyzed for the proximate and amino acid compositions, and functional properties. The protein contents of the isolate ranges between 86.86 g/100g and 87.74 g/100 g, about 1.5‐fold higher than those of the defatted flour samples. The essential amino acids of the isolates ranged between 40.57%–41.55%. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine were the most predominant amino acids, while methionine and lysine were the first and second limiting amino acids, respectively. The protein efficiency ratio, biological values as well as the functional properties of the proteins were improved with processing. These properties may enhance the potential use of conophor nut protein isolates as high‐quality protein ingredient in food systems.
Multiple functional networks modeling for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis
Authors: Kam Tae‐Eui , Suk Heung‐Il , Lee Seong‐Whan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDespite countless studies on autism spectrum disorder (ASD), diagnosis relies on specific behavioral criteria and neuroimaging biomarkers for the disorder are still relatively scarce and irrelevant for diagnostic workup. Many researchers have focused on functional networks of brain activities using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to diagnose brain diseases, including ASD. Although some existing methods are able to reveal the abnormalities in functional networks, they are either highly dependent on prior assumptions for modeling these networks or do not focus on latent functional connectivities (FCs) by considering discriminative relations among FCs in a nonlinear way. In this article, we propose a novel framework to model multiple networks of rsfMRI with data‐driven approaches. Specifically, we construct large‐scale functional networks with hierarchical clustering and find discriminative connectivity patterns between ASD and normal controls (NC). We then learn features and classifiers for each cluster through discriminative restricted Boltzmann machines (DRBMs). In the testing phase, each DRBM determines whether a test sample is ASD or NC, based on which we make a final decision with a majority voting strategy. We assess the diagnostic performance of the proposed method using public datasets and describe the effectiveness of our method by comparing it to competing methods. We also rigorously analyze FCs learned by DRBMs on each cluster and discover dominant FCs that play a major role in discriminating between ASD and NC. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5804–5821, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microanatomical profiles on the lymphatic system in the human ampulla of Vater (immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy)
Authors: Kagiya Takuji , Shimoda Hiroshi , Narita Hirokazu , Odagiri Tadashi , Watanabe Seiji , Ishido Keinosuke , Kudo Daisuke , Kimura Norihisa , Wakiya Taiichi , Hakamada Kenichi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundLittle information is available regarding microanatomy of lymphatic system in the ampulla of Vater, though it is of critical importance for an understanding of tumor progression via the lymphatics and determination of surgical strategy. The present study, therefore, aimed to demonstrate the distribution and microanatomical profiles on the lymphatic system in the ampulla.MethodsThe fine distribution and structure of the lymphatic vessels were investigated in the ampulla and the stomach by immunohistochemistry for lymphatic‐ (D2‐40) and blood vascular‐ (CD31) specific markers and scanning electron microscopy. The densities of lymphatic and blood vessels were also compared.ResultsThe duodenal papilla densely developed the lymphatics with distinct aspects of lymphatic capillaries, together with blood vessels. The density of lymphatic capillaries in the extramuscular layer in the ampulla was higher than those of both the other ampullary layers and the gastric extramuscular (subserosal) layer.ConclusionsThe ampulla of Vater showed widespread lymphatic capillaries throughout the entire wall. The specific vascular system is suited to produce lymph everywhere and drain without via such a large vessel as lymphatic collector. This suggests that tumor cells invade the lymphatics and metastasize more easily in the ampulla than in the other gastrointestinal regions.
Loss of Fbxw7 expression is a predictor of recurrence in colorectal liver metastasis
Authors: Kawashita Yoichiro , Morine Yuji , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Saito Yu , Iwahashi Syuichi , Yamada Shinichiro , Higashijima Jun , Imura Satoru , Ogawa Hirohisa , Yagi Toshiyuki , Shimada Mitsuo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundFbxw7 is a tumor suppressor through ubiquitination and degradation of multiple oncoproteins. Loss of Fbxw7 is frequently observed in various human cancers. In this study, we examined the role of Fbxw7 expression in colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) and its mechanism.MethodsFifty‐six patients with CRLM who undergo curative resection were enrolled. Fbxw7 in tumor tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. Patients were divided into two groups, the Fbxw7 high and low groups. Clinicopathological factors including miR‐223 expression were compared between the high (n = 32) and low Fbxw7 groups (n = 24).ResultsFbxw7 expression in tumor tissues was significantly lower than that in normal tissues. The disease‐free survival in the low Fbxw7 group was significantly worse than that in the high Fbxw7 group, and 3 years disease‐free survival of the low and high Fbxw7 groups were 12.5% and 47.0%, respectively (P = 0.023). On multivariate analysis, loss of Fbxw7 was detected as one of the independent risk factors for recurrence of CRLM (hazard ratio: 2.390, P = 0.017). Likewise, Fbxw7 expression inversely correlated to miR‐223 expression (P = 0.017).ConclusionLoss of Fbxw7 in tumor tissues could be a reliable predictor of recurrence after hepatectomy in patients with CRLM, and miR‐223 might be a possible regulator of Fbxw7.