bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer in Ghana: Demonstrating the Need for Population-Based Cancer Registries in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Thomas Abigail S. , Kidwell Kelley M. , Oppong Joseph K. , Adjei Ernest K. , Osei-Bonsu Ernest , Boahene Angela , Jiagge Evelyn , Gyan Kofi , Merajver Sofia D. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose Breast cancer, the most common cancer worldwide, is the leading cause of cancer mortality in Ghanaian women. Previous studies find Ghanaian women are diagnosed at a younger age and at more advanced stages (III and IV), and have tumors with characteristics similar to African American women. We sought to remedy gaps in knowledge about breast cancer survival in Ghana and its relation to demographic and biologic factors of the tumors at diagnosis to assist in cancer control and registration planning. Methods Individuals with a breast cancer diagnosis who sought care at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital from 2009 to 2014 were identified via medical records. Follow-up telephone interviews were held to assess survival. Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards models assessed survival associated with clinical and demographic characteristics. Results A total of 223 patients completed follow-up and were analyzed. The median survival was 3.8 years. Approximately 50% of patients were diagnosed with grade 3 tumors, which significantly increased the risk of recurrence or death (hazard ratio [HR] for grade 2 versus 1, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.26 to 7.02; HR grade 3 v 1, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.08 to 6.07; P = .04). No other variables were significantly associated with survival. Conclusion Higher tumor grade was significantly associated with shorter survival, indicating impact of aggressive biology at diagnosis on higher risk of cancer spread and recurrence. Contrary to prevailing notions, telephone numbers were not reliable for follow-up. Collecting additional contact information will likely contribute to improvements in patient care and tracking. A region-wide population-based active registry is important to implement cancer control programs and improve survival in sub-Saharan Africa.
Efficacy and Safety of Docetaxel in Elderly Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Maia Manuel Caitano , Pereira Allan A. Lima , Lage Liana Valente , Fraile Natalia Moreno , Vaisberg Victor Van , Kudo Guilherme , Barroso-Sousa Romualdo , Bastos Diogo Assed , Dzik Carlos 
Published: March 2017

Purpose Limited data are available about the tolerability and clinical outcomes of elderly patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who are treated with docetaxel. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of docetaxel as first-line chemotherapy for patients with mCRPC who were treated in our institution. Materials and Methods We retrospectively identified patients with mCRPC and a Karnosfky performance status of 60% or greater treated with docetaxel on any schedule as first-line chemotherapy between 2008 and 2013. The primary end point was a comparison of median overall survival (OS) according to age in this population. Secondary end points were comparisons of the rates of severe toxicities, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline of 50% or greater, and time to progression (TTP). Results were stratified by three age groups: younger than 65 years, 65 to 74 years, and 75 years or older. Results Among the 197 patients included, 68 (34%) were younger than 65 years, 85 (43%) were 65 to 74 years, and 44 (22%) were 75 years or older. The mean number of comorbidities was not different among groups (1.19 v 1.32 v 1.43; P = .54). Patients younger than 65 years received a higher cumulative dose of docetaxel (450 mg/m2 v 382 mg/m2 v 300 mg/m2; P = .004). The rates of PSA decline of 50% or greater (41% v 47% v 36.4%; P = .51) and the median TTP (5.13 v 5.13 v 4.7 months; P = .15) were comparable among all groups. The median OS was longer in the group of patients younger than age 65 years (19.6 v 12.4 v 12.3 months; P = .012). Rates of any grade 3 or higher adverse event were not different among groups (63.2% v 71.8% v 54.5%; P = .14). Conclusion Administration of docetaxel in elderly patients who had good performance status was well tolerated. Rates of PSA decline and TTP were similar to those of younger patients, but median survival was lower.
Apoio Matricial e a atuação do Profissional de Educação Física do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família
Authors: Santos Sueyla , Benedetti Tânia , Sousa Thiago , Fonseca Silvio 
Published: March 2017

O estudo analisou os fatores associados as práticas de Apoio Matricial realizadas pelos Profissionais de Educação Física do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF) no Brasil e segundo as suas regiões. Foi realizado um estudo exploratório e descritivo com 296 profissionais de Educação Física credenciados nas equipes do NASF do Brasil. A amostra foi proporcional às regiões do Brasil e modalidades de NASF, sendo realizada entrevista telefônica entre julho a setembro de 2011. Os componentes de Apoio Matricial foram definidos a partir do modelo teórico do trabalho, foram eles: educação em saúde, educação permanente, controle social e clínica ampliada. Os componentes isolados e suas combinações foram associadas as variáveis pessoais e de condições de trabalho dos profissionais. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado os testes de Regressão Logística Múltipla e Binária, nas análises brutas e ajustadas, adotando significância de 5%. Os resultados apontaram os profissionais mais jovens (OR = 4,8; IC95%:1,2-18,0), os integrantes da equipe do NASF desde a implantação (OR = 3,9, IC95%: 1,1-14,0) e aqueles que receberam capacitação (OR = 2,6; IC95%:1,3-5,4) realizaram um maior número de atividades simultâneas. Os indicadores relacionados a condições de trabalho estáveis e a capacitação pela gestão de saúde ofereceram maior chance de os profissionais realizarem a prática do apoio matricial. Investimentos na qualificação dos profissionais podem reduzir as divergências na atuação dos profissionais de Educação Física do NASF nas diferentes regiões do Brasil.
Prognostic Value of Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Biomarkers for Prediction of 90-Day All-Cause Mortality after Acute Ischemic Stroke—Results from the Linz Stroke Unit Study
Authors: Dieplinger Benjamin , Bocksrucker Christof , Egger Margot , Eggers Christian , Haltmayer Meinhard , Mueller Thomas 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Early outcome prediction after acute ischemic stroke is of great interest. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of blood biomarkers in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

METHODS
We measured interleukin-6 (IL-6), d-dimer, amino-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, and soluble ST2 plasma concentrations within 24 h after admission to our stroke unit in 721 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients. End point was 90-day all-cause mortality.

RESULTS
During follow-up 81 patients died (11%). In univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses with the biochemical markers dichotomized according to median values, all baseline blood biomarkers were strong prognostic markers. However, in the multivariate analysis after adjustment for several clinical variables and the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), only NIHSS &gt;3 [risk ratio (RR) 7.87, 95% CI, 3.61–17.16; P &lt; 0.001], IL-6 &gt; 7 pg/mL (RR 4.09, 95% CI, 2.02–8.29; P &lt; 0.001), and NT-proBNP &gt;447 ng/L (RR 4.88, 95% CI, 2.41–9.88; P &lt; 0.001) remained independent predictors. Using a simple multimarker approach combining these 3 complementary markers, we demonstrated that patients with increased NIHSS, IL-6, and NT-proBNP had the poorest outcome with a mortality rate of 38%, whereas no patient with negative readings for all 3 markers died during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
In this large cohort of patients with acute ischemic stroke, IL-6 and NT-proBNP at admission were strong and independent prognostic markers for 90-day all-cause mortality, and provided complementary prognostic information to the routinely used stroke severity score NIHSS.
Group Identity, Scarification, and Poro among Liberated Africans in Sierra Leone, 1808–1819
Authors: Keefer Katrina H. B. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this article, identity is complicated by considering examples of marks that denoted membership in the Poro society of the upper Guinea coast among the so-called Liberated Africans freed in Sierra Leone in the nineteenth century. As opposed to a correlation of ethnicity with scarification, this article demonstrates that scarification as an identifier may be understood in far more nuanced and complex ways. The article further shows the familiarity that British clerks in Freetown had concerning the Poro society. Their use of the term “purrah,” specifically to indicate body markings among Liberated Africans removed from seized vessels with no further explanation, indicates that familiarity. The article considers how scarification may continue to be used to understand origins and identity within documents originating along the upper Guinea coast, while underscoring the meanings of such body marking.
Circulating free light chain measurement in the diagnosis, prognostic assessment and evaluation of response of AL amyloidosis: comparison of Freelite and N latex FLC assays
Authors: Palladini Giovanni , Jaccard Arnaud , Milani Paolo , Lavergne David , Foli Andrea , Bender Sebastien , Lavatelli Francesca , Bosoni Tiziana , Valentini Veronica , Pirolini Laura , Ferraro Giovanni , Basset Marco , Russo Francesca , Nuvolone Mario , Albertini Riccardo , Cogne Michel , Merlini Giampaolo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground:The measurement of circulating free light chain (FLC) is essential in the diagnosis, prognostic stratification and evaluation of response to therapy in light chain (AL) amyloidosis. For more than 10 years, this has been done with an immunonephelometric assay based on polyclonal antibodies (Freelite), and cutoffs for staging and response assessment have been validated with this method. Recently, a new assay based on monoclonal antibodies (N latex FLC) has been marketed in Europe.Methods:We evaluated and compared the clinical performance of the two assays in 426 patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis.Results:We found suboptimal agreement between the two methods, with differences between values obtained with the Freelite and N latex FLC assays increasing with the concentration of clonal FLC. The diagnostic sensitivity of the Freelite (82%) and N latex FLC (84%) assays was similar, and both improved to 98% in combination with serum and urine immunofixation. The concentration of FLC measured with both methods had prognostic significance. Less pronounced decreases in FLC best predicted improved survival with the N latex FLC assay (33% vs. 50%), and there was poor concordance (84%) in discrimination of responders.Conclusions:The two assays have similar diagnostic and prognostic performance. However, they are not interchangeable, and follow-up should be done with either one. New response criteria are needed for the N latex FLC assay.
S100A6 – focus on recent developments
Authors: Leśniak Wiesława , Wilanowski Tomasz , Filipek Anna 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The Ca2+-binding protein, S100A6, belongs to the S100 family. Binding of Ca2+ induces a conformational change, which causes an increase in the overall S100A6 hydrophobicity and allows it to interact with many targets. S100A6 is expressed in different normal tissues and in many tumors. Up to now it has been shown that S100A6 is involved in cell proliferation, cytoskeletal dynamics and tumorigenesis, and that it might have some extracellular functions. In this review, we summarize novel discoveries concerning S100A6 targets, its involvement in cellular signaling pathways, and presence in stem/progenitor cells, extracellular matrix and body fluids of diseased patients.
Optimization of Rice Bran Oil Encapsulation Using Jackfruit Seed Starch – Whey Protein Isolate Blend as Wall Material and Its characterization
Authors: Murali S , Kar Abhijit , Patel Avinash Singh , Mohapatra Debabandya , Krishnakumar P 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize rice bran oil encapsulation using jackfruit seed starch – whey protein isolate blend as wall material by spray drying technique. Oil concentration (20, 25 and 30 %), wall material (Jackfruit seed starch & whey protein isolate) starch-protein ratio (1:1, 3:1 and 5:1) and spray drying inlet air temperature (140, 150 and 160 °C) were considered as process variables for optimization. A three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design of RSM was used to conduct the experiments with the aim of maximizing encapsulation efficiency and minimizing peroxide value in the encapsulated powder. A polynomial regression model was fitted using design expert software, and the optimum conditions obtained were 20 % oil concentration, 3:1 starch-protein ratio and 140 °C spray drying inlet air temperature. The encapsulated rice bran oil powers obtained at optimized conditions offered 85.90 % of encapsulation efficiency and 1.18 meq/kg oil of peroxide value. The characterization study revealed that powder particles size (diameter) varied from 3.40 to 300.51 µm and most of the particles were smooth spheres with little appendages.
Gaps in obstetric care processes – we can only improve what is being measured
Authors: Luthander Charlotte Millde , Järnbert Pettersson Hans , Högberg Ulf , Berglund Sophie , Grunewald Charlotta 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:A multifaceted intervention at all six obstetric units in the Stockholm Health Region was performed in 2008–2011 in order to increase safety for the newborn infants. Case-controlled criterion-based reviews of care processes during labor and delivery have been used to assess factors associated with suboptimal care during labor and delivery. Categories of increased risk of adverse outcome during labor and delivery were defined. Cases with low Apgar scores and healthy controls were scrutinized and compared to data from a study with an identical design performed before the intervention. The risk of suboptimal care increased twice among controls and three times among cases when reviewing specific criteria after a multifaceted intervention. There are still gaps in care processes that need attention. Improving guidelines is important but not enough alone, and the management of fetal surveillance needs further improvement. The complexity of reviewing care processes using criterion-based research methodology is highlighted.
Investigating the Organizational Climate for Creativity/Innovation among Librarians in Academic Libraries in South East Nigeria
Authors: Ibegbulam Ijeoma , Eze Jacintha Ukamaka , Akpom Chinwe C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCreativity/innovation of librarians is imperative for the continuing relevance of academic libraries. However, for that to happen, the organizational climate of academic libraries has to be supportive of librarians’ creativity. This study investigated the organizational climate of four academic libraries in Nigeria in relation to creativity. Using a questionnaire as the instrument for collection of data, the study sought to know from a sample size of 103 librarians their perception of the organizational climate of their libraries as it relates to creativity. Six dimensions of organizational climate were investigated: organizational encouragement, supervisory encouragement, work group support, freedom, sufficient resources and challenging work. The findings revealed that work group and organizational encouragement were perceived to be highly positive for creativity. On the other hand, the least supportive dimension for creativity was sufficient resources. These findings reflected the problems/challenges which hinder creativity/innovation in these libraries and the strategies to enhance them as well. The study has implications for management and practice. Limitations of the study were captured and some recommendations for the way forward and for further studies were made.
Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of novel azido nucleosides and their phosphoramidate derivatives
Authors: Xavier Nuno M. , Gonçalves-Pereira Rita , Jorda Radek , Řezníčková Eva , Kryštof Vladimír , Oliveira M. Conceição 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
New xylofuranosyl and glucopyranosyl nucleoside phosphoramidates were synthesized as potential mimetics of nucleoside 5′-monophosphates. Their access involved N-glycosylation of uracil and 2-acetamido-6-chloropurine with 5′/6′-azido-1,2-di-O-acetyl glycosyl donors and subsequent Staudinger-phosphite reaction of the resulting azido nucleosides. The coupling of the purine derivative with the pyranosyl donor furnished N9- and N7-linked nucleosides in 1:1 ratio, whereas with the furanosyl donor, the N9-nucleoside was the major regioisomer formed. When using uracil, only 5′/6′-azido N1-linked nucleosides were obtained. The purine 5′/6′-azido nucleosides were converted into corresponding phosphoramidates in good yields. The antiproliferative effects of the nucleoside phosphoramidates and those of the azido counterparts on cancer cells were evaluated. While the nucleoside phosphoramidates did not show significant activities, the purine 5′/6′-azido nucleosides displayed potent effects against K562, MCF-7 and BT474 cell lines. The 5′-azidofuranosyl N9 and N7-linked purine nucleosides exhibited highest activity towards the chronic myeloid leukemia cell line (K562) with GI50 values of 13.6 and 9.7 μM, respectively. Among pyranosyl nucleosides, the N7-linked nucleoside was the most active compound with efficacy towards all cell lines assayed and a highest effect on K562 cells (GI50=6.8 μM). Cell cycle analysis of K562 and MCF-7 cells showed that the most active compounds cause G2/M arrest.
Frameworking memory and serotonergic markers
Authors: Meneses Alfredo 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:The evidence for neural markers and memory is continuously being revised, and as evidence continues to accumulate, herein, we frame earlier and new evidence. Hence, in this work, the aim is to provide an appropriate conceptual framework of serotonergic markers associated with neural activity and memory. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) has multiple pharmacological tools, well-characterized downstream signaling in mammals’ species, and established 5-HT neural markers showing new insights about memory functions and dysfunctions, including receptors (5-HT1A/1B/1D, 5-HT2A/2B/2C, and 5-HT3-7), transporter (serotonin transporter [SERT]) and volume transmission present in brain areas involved in memory. Bidirectional influence occurs between 5-HT markers and memory/amnesia. A growing number of researchers report that memory, amnesia, or forgetting modifies neural markers. Diverse approaches support the translatability of using neural markers and cerebral functions/dysfunctions, including memory formation and amnesia. At least, 5-HT1A, 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7receptors and SERT seem to be useful neural markers and therapeutic targets. Hence, several mechanisms cooperate to achieve synaptic plasticity or memory, including changes in the expression of neurotransmitter receptors and transporters.
Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy Study of Cation Dynamics in Layered Na2Ti3O7 and Li2Ti3O7
Authors: Volgmann Kai , Werth Vanessa , Nakhal Suliman , Lerch Martin , Bredow Thomas , Heitjans Paul 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Ti-based materials exhibit suitable properties for usage in secondary Li- and Na-ion batteries and were in the focus of several electrochemical and ion conductivity studies. A material of such interest is layer-structured, monoclinic Na2Ti3O7. Additionally, the sodium in Na2Ti3O7 can be replaced completely with lithium to achieve monoclinic Li2Ti3O7, whose electrochemical properties were already investigated as well. Both materials exhibit interesting properties such as zero-strain behavior upon intercalation and high cycling stability. However, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding of the ion diffusivity of both Na and Li in the corresponding host structure. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is used here for the first time to reveal the cation dynamics in layered Na2Ti3O7 and Li2Ti3O7. This includes activation energies for the ionic motion and jump rates on the microscopic scale from NMR spin-lattice relaxation (SLR), spin-alignment echo (SAE), and 2D NMR exchange techniques. Moreover, the dimensionality of the ionic motion is investigated by frequency-dependent NMR SLR. Structural details are studied using magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Results for the electric field gradient at the Na and Li site, respectively, are compared with those from theoretical calculations performed within this study. The dynamics are similar for both cations, and the frequency-dependence of the 7Li NMR SLR rate indicates Li motion confined to two dimensions. Thus, these two materials may be regarded a model system for low-dimensional diffusion of two different cations.
Detention and Correctional Facilities: History and Relevance of ASTM Standards
Authors: Stapleton James A. 
Published: March 2017

Description
Gain insights from industry practitioners creating the technical bases of standards that are keeping our correctional facilities safe. This new manual details over five decades of research, analysis, and debate.
This research is vital to creating the security products, materials and systems that will provide a safe environment for occupants and staff.
ASTM Committee F33 maintains 14 standards addressing
This manual also provides commentary on plans for the development of 16 new standards. Stay informed on the future of standards development in the corrections industry.
Microstructure Analysis of Segmented Chips of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Sandvik SAF 2507™ Using Electron Microscopy Techniques
Authors: Raveendra S. , Gustavsson F. , Golpayegani A. , Haraldsson J. , Chai G. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Machined chips of Sandvik SAF 2507™ which is a super duplex stainless steel (SDSS), are known to exhibit segmentation. These segmented chips are known to contain primary shear zones (PSZs) and secondary shear zone (SSZs) zones. PSZ regions exhibit adiabatic shear bands (ASBs). To analyze such ASBs, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is an excellent technique. However, due to severe deformation and grains in the range of a few nanometers, the information obtained is limited when using conventional EBSD (c-EBSD) and instead, Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD)/transmission EBSD (t-EBSD) can be used with great advantage. In this work, TKD and c-EBSD techniques were used to analyze PSZs/ASBs and SSZs regions, respectively. The backscattered electron (BSE) images of PSZs/ASBs clearly showed alternate bands of austenite and ferrite with very fine elongated grains along the shear direction. On the other hand, the SSZs exhibited alternate regions of equiaxed and non-equiaxed or deformed grains. Furthermore, c-EBSD showed that ferrite was significantly recrystallized and austenite was deformed to a great extent. Similar observations were also noticed in the PSZs/ASBs using TKD: that ferrite recrystallizes to a greater extent than austenite. Another interesting observation was that in the regions farther away from the SSZs, the grains adjacent to PSZs/ASBs exhibit higher numbers of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) than the grains in the middle of the segments. This could be attributed to higher extent of deformation in the neighboring regions of severely deformed PSZs/ASBs.