bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación nematicida del aceite esencial de Tagetes zypaquirensis en el manejo del nematodo Meloidogyne spp.
Authors: Álvarez S. David Eduardo , Botina J. Jennifer Aleida , Ortiz C. Abner Jarminton , Botina J. Lorena Lisbetd 
Published: October 2016

El lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) es un frutal andino de gran importancia económica en Colombia, sin embargo, las áreas sembradas y rendimientos han sufrido una evidente reducción debido al ataque de patógenos como el nematodo Meloidogyne spp., que ha ocasionado pérdidas de hasta 50%. En la naturaleza existen diferentes recursos vegetales con propiedades nematicidas, destacándose al género Tagetes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la actividad nematicida del aceite esencial de Tagetes zypaquirensis sobre Meloidogyne spp. Bajo condiciones de invernadero se evaluaron cuatro concentraciones del aceite esencial (100, 200, 400, 800mg/kg de suelo) las cuales fueron aplicadas a un suelo con juveniles de segundo estadio del nematodo +400 J2/100g. Además, se establecieron tres comparadores: un tratamiento sin aplicación de aceite esencial, un suelo sin nematodo y un suelo tratado con i.a carbofuran (33,2%) bajo una dosis de 2cc/L. Para cada tratamiento, las variables a evaluar fueron: severidad, altura de planta, peso fresco y seco al aire, peso fresco radical, número de huevos del nematodo/100g raíz y número de J2/100g de suelo. Los componentes mayoritarios del aceite esencial de T. zypaquirensis fueron dihidrotagetona y E-tagetona con una proporción relativa de 42,2 y 22,9%, respectivamente. Los resultados indicaron, que la concentración 800mg/kg de aceite esencial presentó la misma acción nematicida que el suelo tratado con carbofuran al reducir las poblaciones de Meloidogyne spp. y presentar valores similares en las variables fitométricas. Se concluye que el aceite esencial T. zypaquirensis puede ser una alternativa para el manejo de la enfermedad del nudo radical.
Procesos institucionales en el pago por servicios ambientales, cuenca alta del río Pasto
Authors: Narváez R. Yesenia Alejandra , Paz A. Wilmer Javier , Guapucal C. Mirian del Rosario , Leonel Hugo Ferney 
Published: October 2016

El pago por servicios ambientales (PSA), es la disponibilidad que tiene un individuo o grupo social para aprovechar o conservar la oferta ambiental natural. Este estudio se realizó en cuenca alta del río Pasto, donde el principal servicio ambiental, es la provisión hídrica del 85% de los habitantes de Pasto, Nariño, convirtiéndolo en un ecosistema estratégico que requiere de alternativas viables para su conservación y manejo. El objetivo fue evaluar los procesos relacionados con PSA, adelantados por algunas Instituciones; para ello, se diseñó una entrevista estructurada, aplicada a funcionarios de cuatro instituciones, que contemplaba las variables: institución, conocimiento normativo, recursos financieros, apoyo técnico, actividades realizadas actualmente y posibles alternativas para PSA. Con el programa Decisión Explorer 3.3 y con integrantes de las instituciones se propusieron alternativas para mejorar el PSA. Se pudo determinar que en el corregimiento de Cabrera se están ejecutando las alternativas: implementación de sistemas agroforestales, familias guardabosques y adquisición de predios para avanzar en PSA. Se concluyó que en la Cuenca Alta del río Pasto, el PSA aún es incipiente pero promisorio, hay poco conocimiento institucional y los procesos se han centrado en la comprade tierras para la conservación de fuentes abastecedoras de acueductos rurales y de cabeceras municipales.
Soporte social percibido por las personas con enfermedad crónica y sus cuidadores familiares en cinco macro regiones geográficas de Colombia
Authors: Barrera Ortiz Lucy , Campos María Stella , Gallardo Solarte Karina , Coral Ibarra Rosa del Carmen , Hernández Bustos Adriana 
Published: October 2016

ResumenObjetivo: Describir y comparar el soporte social percibido por las personas con enfermedad crónica y sus cuidadores familiares. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo, comparativo, de corte transversal desarrollado con una muestra de 1.257 personas con enfermedad crónica y 1.184 cuidadores familiares en las cinco macro regiones geográficas de Colombia entre los años 2012 - 2014. Resultados: Las condiciones de las personas con enfermedad crónica y de los cuidadores familiares participantes en el estudio, reflejan predominio femenino con niveles de escolaridad medio-bajo, y con residencia en la zona urbana. La mitad de los participantes tienen pareja estable y trabajo remunerado. La situación de enfermedad crónica se presenta para la mayoría, por más de un año. La familia es la principal fuente de apoyo social y a pesar de ello, la cuarta parte de personas con enfermedad crónica perciben que son una carga para sus familias y la tercera parte de los cuidadores familiares, percibe sobrecarga intensa con el cuidado. Se reporta un nivel adecuado de soporte social, en especial en las regiones Amazonía y Orinoquía. Conclusiones: Las personas con enfermedad crónica y sus cuidadores familiares tienen niveles de soporte social percibido heterogéneos en las diferentes macro regiones geográficas de Colombia. El soporte social percibido es insuficiente para respaldar la experiencia del cuidado de la salud de estas personas. AbstractObjective: To describe and compare the social support perceived by people with chronic disease (CD) and their family caregivers (FC) in Colombia. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive, comparative cross-sectional study developed with a sample of 1257 people with CD and 1184 FC in the five macro geographical regions of Colombia between 2012 and 2014. Results: The conditions of participants with CD and their FC reflects female predominance with medium-low levels of schooling who live in the urban area. Half of the participants have a regular partner as well as a paid job. The situation of chronic disease occurs mostly for over a year. The family is the main source of social support and yet a quarter of people with CD perceive to be a burden to their families and the third of the FC perceived intense care overload. An adequate level of social support is reported, especially in the Amazon and Orinoco regions. Conclusions: People with chronic illness and their family caregivers have heterogeneous levels of perceived social support in the different macro geographical regions of Colombia. The perceived social support is insufficient to support the experience of health care of these people.
Efecto del consumo agudo de cafeína sobre la fuerza máxima y los niveles de lactato en sangre en jóvenes sedentarios: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado
Authors: Arteaga-Sacro Amy Andrea , Villota-Bedoya Diego Fernando 
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: El propósito del estudio fue demostrar el efecto de la cafeína en consumo agudo sobre la fuerza máxima y los niveles de lactato. Material y métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado de grupos paralelos ciego simple (participante). Se seleccionaron 92 sujetos, 43 fueron asignados aleatoriamente al grupo de ingesta de cafeína (1,3 mg/Kg) o el control con placebo. Se utilizó el test de 1RM para medir la fuerza máxima y el lactato se determinó mediante espectrofotometría (Kit comercial Sigma) antes y después de 1 hora de la ingestión de cafeína (1,3 mg/Kg) o placebo. El análisis estadístico se realizó con la prueba t-student, el cambio porcentual y el tamaño del efecto con la d-Cohens, p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Se produjo una mejoraría significativa en la fuerza máxima de miembro superior de 1RM 8,3 ± 6,0 kg con un tamaño efecto medio (26,2%; d= 0,64; t= -4,36; gl=41; p <0,01; IC: -16,9 a -6,2); y de miembro inferior de 1RM 9,2 ± 4,9 kg con un tamaño del efecto medio (25,8%; d= 0,51; t= -3,16; gl=41; p <0,01; IC: -17,0 a -3,7). Para los niveles de lactato se observó un aumento menor en el grupo experimental 0,96 ± 0,10 mmol/L con un tamaño del efecto pequeño (64,9%; d=0,39; t= 10,8; gl=41; p <0,01; IC: 0,55 a 0,81). Conclusiones: La cafeína en dosis baja produce un incremento superior en la fuerza máxima de miembro superior, seguido por la fuerza máxima de miembro inferior y favorece un incremento menor de los niveles de lactato.AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of caffeine in acute consumption on the maximum force and lactate levels. Material and methods: A randomized controlled trial of single-blind parallel group (participant) was done where 92 subjects were selected, 43 were assigned randomly to the caffeine intake group (1, 3 mg/Kg) or placebo control. The 1RM test was used to measure the maximum force and the lactate was determined by spectrophotometry (Sigma Kit commercial) before and after an hour of caffeine intake (1, 3 mg/Kg) or placebo. The statistical analysis was performed using the student t- test, and the percentage change and the effect size with Cohen's d-p ≤ 0.05. Results: There was a significant improve in the maximum force of upper limb of 1RM 8.3 ± 6.0 kg with an average effect size (26.2%; d = 0.64, t = -4.36, df = 41, p <0.01; CI: -16.9 to -6.2); and lower limb 1RM 9.2 ± 4.9 kg with a medium effect size (25.8%; d = 0.51, t = -3.16, df = 41, p <0.01, CI : -17.0 to -3.7). An increase in the lactate levels was observed in the experimental group 0.96 ± 0.10 mmol/L with a small effect size (64.9%; d = 0, 39; t = 10.8; gl = 41; p < 0.01;) CI: 0.55 to 0.81). Conclusions: Caffeine in low doses produces a higher increase in the maximum strength of upper limb, followed by the maximum force of lower limb and favors a smaller increase in lactate levels.
Huella de carbono en Santa Marta - Colombia y factores asociados. Análisis desde los determinantes sociales de la salud. 2014
Authors: Alvarez-Miño Lídice , Taboada-Montoya Robinson , Trujillo-Montes Andres Camilo , Salazar-Ceballos Alexander 
Published: October 2016

Objetivo. Se estableció como objetivo estimar la huella de carbono para la ciudad de Santa Marta a partir de las prácticas de consumo de alimentos, medios de transporte, servicios públicos y compra de bienes y servicios per cápita y, relacionar dicha huella con aspectos determinantes de la salud como el nivel socio-económico y socio-demográfico de la población. Método. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal de encuesta en Santa Marta-Colombia para 2014, con una muestra de 811 personas seleccionadas aleatoriamente. Los datos se analizaron en EpiInfo 7 a través de análisis bivariado con ANOVA y Ji2 para identificar dependencias y multivariado por OR para identificar asociaciones. Resultados. Se encontró que la huella de carbono estimada promedio fue de 29,95 tCO2e por prácticas de consumo. Se estableció que tener 35 años o menos, niveles educativo profesional universitario o superior, estrato socioeconómico medio alto y alto, e ingresos altos son aspectos que aumentan la probabilidad de tener una huella de carbono mayor o igual a 39,3tCO2e. Conclusión. El tamaño de la huella de carbono se relaciona inversamente con la edad, y directamente con los ingresos económicos, estrato y nivel educativo.Abstract Objective: The goal was to estimate the carbon footprint for Santa Marta by consumption per capita of food, transportation, goods and services, and housing, and to relate carbon footprint with the health determinants such as socio-economic status and socio-demographic characteristics of the population. Materials and Method: A crosssectional study with survey design was conducted in Santa Marta-Colombia for 2014, with a sample of 811 randomly selected people. Data were analyzed in software EpiInfo 7. For bivariate analysis we used ANOVA and Chi 2 to identify dependencies, and for multivariate analysis OR was used to identify associations. Result: The carbon footprint average by consumption patterns was 29.95 tCO2e. We found that people 35 years old or younger, professional or higher educational level, with medium-high and high socioeconomic status, and higher incomes have more probability to produce bigger carbon footprint (39.4 tCO2e or more). Conclusion: The size of the carbon footprint is inversely related to age but directly related with incomes, level of education and socioeconomic status.
Aplicación de las metodologías EPA, mexicano e IPCC para la estimación de biogás, caso de estudio relleno sanitario Doña Juana, Bogotá - Colombia
Authors: Urrego-Martínez Elizarova , Rodríguez-Miranda Juan Pablo 
Published: October 2016

ResumenObjetivo: Realizar la comparación de las metodologías mexicano, EPA e IPCC para la estimación de biogás en un horizonte de predicción de 20 años, aplicado en un caso de estudio, en el relleno sanitario doña Juana, Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo para el desarrollo de la predicción de las metodologías, examinando la información secundaria obtenida de los datos iniciales de producción de Biogás en el relleno sanitario, dentro de un fenómeno homogéneo. Resultados: La producción promedio de biogás (m3/año) para los métodos de mexicano, EPA e IPCC, es de 2.48E+05, 2.14E+05 y 6.71E+05, respectivamente. El método con menor desviación estándar y error cuadrático medio es el mexicano. Conclusiones: La aplicación de los modelos de la EPA, Mexicano e IPCC en la estimación del biogás en un relleno sanitario, considera que la tendencia de los dos primeros métodos expuestos, es exponencial decreciente, mientras que el IPPC presenta tendencia exponencial creciente, evaluados en un periodo de predicción de 20 años. Con la determinación de la cantidad de biogás por las diferentes metodologías, se reduce la posibilidad de exposición del riesgo de largo plazo de efectos adversos en la salud pública de la comunidad adyacente a los rellenos sanitarios. Abstract Objective: Compare the Mexican, EPA and IPCC methodologies for estimating biogas in a prediction horizon of 20 years applied in a case study in the landfill Doña Juana in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and methods: A descriptive study for the development of prediction methodologies was carried out by examining the secondary information obtained from the initial data biogas production in the landfill, within a homogeneous phenomenon. Results: The average production of biogas (m3 / year) for Mexican, EPA and IPCC methods is 2.48E + 05, 2.14e + 05 and 6.71E + 05, respectively. The method with lower standard deviation and root mean square error is the Mexican. Conclusions: The application of the EPA, Mexican and IPCC models in the estimation of biogas in a landfill, believes that the trend of the first two exposed methods exhibit is decreasing exponentially, while the IPPC has exponentially growing trend, evaluated for a prediction period of 20 years. With the determination of the amount of biogas by different methodologies, the possibility of exposure of risk in the long term with adverse effects on public health of the adjacent community landfills is reduced.
Anthropometry based prediction of dominant hand grip strength in Indian office going females
Authors: Rawat S , Varte L R , Singh I J , Choudhary S , Singh S 
Published: October 2016

Background: Physical strength can be measured by means of hand grip strength. It is of great use as a functional index of nutritional status.Aims and Objectives: Physical strength can be measured by means of hand grip strength. It is of great use as a functional index of nutritional status. Association of hand grip strength with other variables is studied in order to predict the strength outcomes and to study the effect of factors that can influence hand grip strength performance.Materials and Methods: In the present study the correlations of dominant hand grip strength and anthropometric and body composition variables namely, height, weight, forearm length, arm length, hand breadth, body mass index (BMI), and fat mass in randomly selected 375 unrelated, normal, healthy Indian office going females of age 20-60 years with mean height and weight of 154.12 ± 5.94 cm and 59.86 ± 10.94 kg respectively has been studied.Result: Hand grip strength of the females varied from 17 kg to 32 kg with a mean of 23.86 ± 2.74 kg. The comparison of age, height, weight, forearm length, arm length, hand breadth, and fat mass with the hand grip strength showed good correlation (p<0.01). The best fit model for handgrip prediction when age, height, weight and hand breadth for this population were considered is Hand Grip = -12.260-0.13*Age+0.16*Height+0.13*Weight+1.02*Hand breadth.Conclusion: It may be concluded that hand grip strength has close association with the anthropometric measurements and body composition variables and using these parameters grip strength can be predicted in Indian office going females.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 58-62
The relation between cerebral dominance and visual analytic skills in Iraqi medical students, a cross sectional analysis
Authors: Al-Hadithi Nawfal , Al-Imam Ahmed , Irfan Manolia , Khalaf Mohammed , Al-Khafaji Sara 
Published: October 2016

Background: Cerebral dominance, also known as lateralization of brain functions, is the neurologic phenomenon in which one hemisphere is dominant over the other, and will thereby exercise greater influence over certain functions. The cerebral lateralization of many vertebrates, indicates an evolutionary advantage associated with the cerebral specialization. In humans, the majority of people are of left cerebral dominance. True bilateral cerebral dominance, manifested in ambidexterity, is exceedingly rare.Aims and Objective: To derive a statistical inference between determined parameters of cerebral dominance and the 3-dimensional visual analytic skills. The parameters are: handedness, , gender, and language skills.Materials and Methods: This survey targeted an audience of undergraduate medical students, 103 of them replied and fully completed an electronic-distributed survey. All participants were blinded to the outcome and aims of the study (single-blinded experimental design). The survey was created via Google Forms, and made available online for three days, on the University intranet system. Compiled data resulted in 523 pages. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Shodor-Interactivate software, and Microsoft Excel 2016. References of this paper, were retrieved via a detailed systematic review of literature databases, while carrying out critical evaluation of evidence. The databases included: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar.Results: Males and females participated in the survey (34 and 69 participants respectively), 91 of participants (88.4%) were right-handed. Mapped participants’ demographics included: age, gender, handedness, siblings’ and parents’ handedness, number of siblings and birth order, and number of spoken languages. The 3D-visual analytic skills, were evaluated via a cross sectional survey and objectively-evaluated via a professional visual IQ testing. Statistics proven that there was no significant correlation between the 3D-visual skills and any of the tested parameters. Significance was considered at a p-value of 0.05 or less.Conclusion: In this sample of 103 tested subjects, all of which were not professional Anatomists. Our tested hypothesis of the presence of potential correlation between handedness (and other parameters of cerebral dominance) with the three-dimensional visual analytic skills, were proven statistically to be non-existent. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 47-52
Prevalence, perceptions and practices associated with non-adherence to diabetes medications in primary care setting: A cross sectional study in urban Bangalore
Authors: Inbaraj Leeberk Raja , Georg Carolin Elizabeth , Kham Nan Lin , Norman Gift 
Published: October 2016

Background: Adherence to diet and drugs, blood glucose monitoring, foot care, exercise and early recognition of the complications, are the crucial elements for tertiary prevention of Diabetes Mellitus. Non compliance can lead to poor glycemic control which can eventually aggravate complications and lead to disability and mortality. This study aimed at estimating prevalence of non-adherence and identify perceptions and practices associated with non-adherence.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a primary care clinic in a disadvantaged community Hundred patients with Diabetes were recruited and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Non adherence rate was 30%. Those who are unable to remember multiple doses (37.5%) were 2.77 (95% CI: 0.94-8.15) times more likely to non-adhere to the treatment than those who are able to remember multiple doses (16.7%).Similarly Patients who often discontinued medications and switched over to alternative system medicines tended to be non- adherent 8.5 (95% CI:1.6- 45.0) times more than those who continued treatment without interruption. Non adherence was not associated with age, gender, education level, and cost of medication and duration of diabetes. People who were illiterate and elderly did not know the consequences of missing doses and stopped medications when they felt better as well as resorted to traditional medicinesConclusions: Counselling sessions should focus on perceptions and ideas about diabetes. Innovative health education modalities have to be developed for illiterate and elderly people.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 106-109
Study of knee angle in tribal children of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Dhananjay , Gopichand Patnaik VV , Puri Nidhi 
Published: October 2016

Background: Knee angle shifts from genu varum (bow leg) in newborn to neutral (0°) in infants and thereby, it becomes genu valgum (knock knee) in childhood as child begins to stand and walk. This sequential growth causes variation in gait and posture particularly up to 7-8 years of childhood stage.Aims and Objectives:This study establishes baseline data of knee angle in Indian tribal children of Andhra Pradesh. Despite its clinical importance and social relevance, literature is scanty in Indian population especially in tribal children.Materials and Methods: Tibiofemoral angle (TFA) was measured clinically using universal goniometer in 360 normal Indian tribal children of 2-14 years age group. Each age group comprised of 15 male and 15 female children. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), thigh length (TL), leg length (LL) and lower limb length (LLL) were noted for all subjects to establish their relationship with TFA.Results: It was found that physiological varus rarely persists after 2 years of age. Beyond 2 years there was consistent increase in knee valgus. A maximum mean knee valgus of 8° TFA was observed in girls at 6:<7 years, while 6° TFA was found in boys of 7:<8 years age group. Thereafter progressive decrease in mean knee valgus of 5-6° was seen up to 10:<11 years age group which in later ages stabilizes to 6-7° in both sexes. The overall pattern of knee valgus was found to be higher in girls than boys. Data revealed significant positive correlation between TFA and other parameters in both sexes at p <0.05 significance level.Conclusion: Age wise knee angle values for 2-14 year age group tribal children of Andhra Pradesh provided by this study could be of potential benefit to the physicians, orthopedic surgeons, pediatricians, radiologists, and physiotherapists while evaluating growth related shift patterns.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 75-81