bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow diverter implantation in a rat model of sidewall aneurysm: a feasibility study
Authors: Aquarius René , Smits Debby , Gounis Matthew J , Leenders William P J , de Vries Joost 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundMore challenging animal models are needed to elucidate the efficacy of flow diverter (FD) designs and the mechanisms behind observed complications. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of implanting a FD in a sidewall aneurysm rat model.MethodsAn end-to-side anastomosis was created in the abdominal aorta of 36 rats using a decellularized donor pouch. A FD was subsequently implanted.ResultsAfter up to 3 months of follow-up, we observed that rats displayed normal growth and behavior. Mortality within the groups was low (2 rats, 5.6%). All aneurysms thrombosed after FD implantation and showed progressive soft tissue replacement of the thrombus during follow-up. The abdominal aortas remained patent.ConclusionsThis model can be used to test the effects of FDs in future studies.
Self-interacting dark matter with naturally light mediator
Authors: Ma Ernest 
Published: February 2017

A promising proposal for resolving the cusp–core anomaly in the density profile of dwarf galaxies is to allow dark matter to interact with itself through a light mediator of mass much less than a GeV. The theoretical challenge is to have a complete renormalizable theory where this happens naturally even though dark matter itself may be of the electroweak scale, i.e. 100 GeV to 1 TeV. I propose here such a model with just two neutral complex scalar singlets under a softly broken dark global U(1) symmetry.
Structural and magnetic properties of nanostructured Li–Ni–Co ferrite prepared by sol–gel method
Authors: Nilima Nandeibam , Maisnam Mamata , Phanjoubam Sumitra 
Published: February 2017

Li–Ni–Co ferrite samples with compositional formula Li[Formula: see text]Ni[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]O4 with [Formula: see text] ranging from 0.00 to 0.1 in steps of 0.02 were prepared by sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of single phase with spinel structure in all the samples. The lattice constant evaluated from XRD data was found to increase with increase of Co[Formula: see text] substitution and crystallite size was observed in the range of 30–59 nm. The microstructure of the samples was studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nanocrystalline nature of ferrites was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] measurements were made using a vibrating sample magnetometer and hysteresis parameters such as saturation magnetization and coercivity were obtained for all compositions. The frequency variations of initial permeability and permeability loss showed a dispersive behavior for all compositions and an increase in initial permeability is observed with increase of Co[Formula: see text] substitution. The results obtained and mechanisms involved are discussed in the paper.
Normalization of hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier-201 induced vasoconstriction: targeting nitric oxide and endothelin
Authors: Taverne Yannick J. , de Wijs-Meijler Daphne , te Lintel Hekkert Maaike , Moon-Massat Paula F. , Dubé Gregory P. , Duncker Dirk J. , Merkus Daphne 
Published: February 2017

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC)-201 is a cell-free modified hemoglobin solution potentially facilitating oxygen uptake and delivery in cardiovascular disorders and hemorrhagic shock. Clinical use has been hampered by vasoconstriction in the systemic and pulmonary beds. Therefore, we aimed to 1) determine the possibility of counteracting HBOC-201-induced pressor effects with either adenosine (ADO) or nitroglycerin (NTG); 2) assess the potential roles of nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and endothelin (ET) in mediating the observed vasoconstriction; and 3) compare these effects in resting and exercising swine. Chronically instrumented swine were studied at rest and during exercise after administration of HBOC-201 alone or in combination with ADO. The role of NO was assessed by supplementation with NTG or administration of the eNOS inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine. Alternative vasoactive pathways were investigated via intravenous administration of the ETA/ETB receptor blocker tezosentan or a mixture of ROS scavengers. The systemic and to a lesser extent the pulmonary pressor effects of HBOC-201 could be counteracted by ADO; however, dosage titration was very important to avoid systemic hypotension. Similarly, supplementation of NO with NTG negated the pressor effects but also required titration of the dose. The pressor response to HBOC-201 was reduced after eNOS inhibition and abolished by simultaneous ETA/ETB receptor blockade, while ROS scavenging had no effect. In conclusion, the pressor response to HBOC-201 is mediated by vasoconstriction due to NO scavenging and production of ET. Further research should explore the effect of longer-acting ET receptor blockers to counteract the side effect of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC)-201 can disrupt hemodynamic homeostasis, mimicking some aspects of endothelial dysfunction, resulting in elevated systemic and pulmonary blood pressures. HBOC-201-induced vasoconstriction is mediated by scavenging nitric oxide (NO) and by upregulating endothelin (ET) production. Pressor effects can be prevented by adjuvant treatment with NO donors or direct vasodilators, such as nitroglycerin or adenosine, but dosages must be carefully monitored to avoid hypotension. However, hemodynamic normalization is more easily achieved via administration of an ET receptor blocker.
Occlusion of blood flow attenuates exercise-induced hypoalgesia in the occluded limb of healthy adults
Authors: Jones Matthew D. , Taylor Janet L. , Barry Benjamin K. 
Published: February 2017

Animal studies have demonstrated an important role of peripheral mechanisms as contributors to exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). Whether these same mechanisms contribute to EIH in humans is not known. In the current study, pain thresholds were assessed in healthy volunteers ( n = 36) before and after 5 min of high-intensity leg cycling exercise and an equivalent period of quiet rest. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were assessed over the rectus femoris muscle of one leg and first dorsal interosseous muscles (FDIs) of both arms. Blood flow to one arm was occluded by a cuff throughout the 5-min period of exercise (or rest) and postexercise (or rest) assessments. Ratings of pain intensity and pain unpleasantness during occlusion were also measured. Pain ratings during occlusion increased over time (range, 1.5 to 3.5/10, all d > 0.63, P < 0.001) similarly in the rest and exercise conditions ( d < 0.35, P > 0.4). PPTs at all sites were unchanged following rest (range, −1.3% to +0.9%, all d < 0.05, P > 0.51). Consistent with EIH, exercise significantly increased PPT at the leg (+29%, d = 0.69, P < 0.001) and the nonoccluded (+23%, d = 0.56, P < 0.001) and occluded (+8%, d = 0.19, P = 0.003) unexercised arms. However, the increase in the occluded arm was significantly smaller ( d = −1.03, P < 0.001). These findings show that blocking blood flow to a limb during exercise attenuates EIH, suggesting that peripheral factors contribute to EIH in healthy adults. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first demonstration in humans that a factor carried by the circulation and acting at the periphery is important for exercise-induced hypoalgesia. Further understanding of this mechanism may provide new insight to pain relief with exercise as well as potential interactions between analgesic medications and exercise.
APC Mutations as a Potential Biomarker for Sensitivity to Tankyrase Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tanaka Noritaka , Mashima Tetsuo , Mizutani Anna , Sato Ayana , Aoyama Aki , Gong Bo , Yoshida Haruka , Muramatsu Yukiko , Nakata Kento , Matsuura Masaaki , Katayama Ryohei , Nagayama Satoshi , Fujita Naoya , Sugimoto Yoshikazu , Seimiya Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In most colorectal cancers, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is activated by loss-of-function mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. Tankyrases poly(ADP-ribosyl)ate and destabilize Axins, a negative regulator of β-catenin, and upregulate β-catenin signaling. Tankyrase inhibitors downregulate β-catenin and are expected to be promising therapeutics for colorectal cancer. However, colorectal cancer cells are not always sensitive to tankyrase inhibitors, and predictive biomarkers for the drug sensitivity remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that the short-form APC mutations predict the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to tankyrase inhibitors. By using well-established colorectal cancer cell lines, we found that tankyrase inhibitors downregulated β-catenin in the drug-sensitive, but not resistant, colorectal cancer cells. The drug-sensitive cells showed higher Tcf/LEF transcriptional activity than the resistant cells and possessed “short” truncated APCs lacking all seven β-catenin-binding 20-amino acid repeats (20-AARs). In contrast, the drug-resistant cells possessed “long” APC retaining two or more 20-AARs. Knockdown of the long APCs with two 20-AARs increased β-catenin, Tcf/LEF transcriptional activity and its target gene AXIN2 expression. Under these conditions, tankyrase inhibitors were able to downregulate β-catenin in the resistant cells. These results indicate that the long APCs are hypomorphic mutants, whereas they exert a dominant-negative effect on Axin-dependent β-catenin degradation caused by tankyrase inhibitors. Finally, we established 16 patient-derived colorectal cancer cells and confirmed that the tankyrase inhibitor–responsive cells harbor the short-form APC mutations. These observations exemplify the predictive importance of APC mutations, the most common genetic alteration in colorectal cancers, for molecular targeted therapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 752–62. ©2017 AACR.
Acute Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Schuchardt Florian , Hennemuth Anja , Schroeder Laure , Meckel Stephan , Markl Michael , Wehrum Thomas , Harloff Andreas 
Published: February 2017

Background and Purpose—
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) affects venous hemodynamics and can provoke severe stroke and chronic intracranial hypertension. We sought to comprehensively analyze 3-dimensional blood flow and hemodynamic alterations during acute CVT including collateral recruitment and at follow-up.

Methods—
Twenty-two consecutive patients with acute CVT were prospectively included and underwent routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 4-dimensional flow MRI at 3 T for the in vivo assessment of cerebral blood flow. Neurological and MRI follow-up at 6 months was performed in 18 patients.

Results—

Three-dimensional blood flow visualization and quantification of large dural venous sinuses and deep cerebral veins was successfully performed in all patients. During acute CVT, we observed abnormal flow patterns including stagnant flow, flow acceleration in stenoses, and change of flow directions. In patients with complete recanalization, flow trajectories resembled those known from previously published 4-dimensional flow MRI data in healthy adults. There was a trend toward a relationship between occluded segments and cerebral lesions (not significant). Furthermore, patients with versus without cerebral lesions showed increased mean (0.08±0.09 versus 0.005±0.014 m/s) and peak velocities (0.18±0.21 versus 0.006±0.02 m/s) within partially thrombosed left and right transverse sinuses (
P
<0.05) at baseline.

Conclusions—
Four-dimensional flow MRI was successfully applied for the 3-dimensional visualization and quantification of venous hemodynamics in patients with CVT and provided new dynamic information regarding vessel recanalization. This technique seems promising to investigate the contribution of hemodynamic parameters and collaterals in a larger cohort to identify those at risk of stroke.
Two Simple and Accurate Approximations for Wet-Bulb Temperature in Moist Conditions, with Forecasting Applications
Authors: Knox John A. , Nevius David S. , Knox Pamela N. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe wet-bulb temperature is a widely used moist thermodynamic variable. The relationship between the wet-bulb temperature, the dry-bulb temperature, and the dewpoint temperature is nonlinear. Most atmospheric thermodynamics textbooks indicate or imply that no simple and accurate approximation relating these three meteorological variables exists. This article provides theoretical justifications for, and real-life applications of, two different simple linear approximations for the wet-bulb temperature. These two approximations are 1) an arithmetic mean of dry-bulb and dewpoint temperatures and 2) a weighted mean of dry-bulb and dewpoint temperatures known as the “one-third rule.” These approximations are highly accurate in two contiguous temperature and moisture regimes: the arithmetic-mean rule outperforms other approximations for relatively moist (average relative humidity = 61%) situations with dry-bulb temperatures bracketing 13°C, and the one-third rule outperforms other approximations for relatively moist (average relative humidity = 50%) situations with dry-bulb temperatures bracketing 4°C. The one-third rule is especially useful because its domain of maximum accuracy includes the phase change for water from solid to liquid and vice versa. Examples of the application of the one-third rule to precipitation-type forecasting and to agricultural practices to prevent frost damage are presented.
The HARMONIE–AROME Model Configuration in the ALADIN–HIRLAM NWP System
Authors: Bengtsson Lisa , Andrae Ulf , Aspelien Trygve , Batrak Yurii , Calvo Javier , de Rooy Wim , Gleeson Emily , Hansen-Sass Bent , Homleid Mariken , Hortal Mariano , Ivarsson Karl-Ivar , Lenderink Geert , Niemelä Sami , Nielsen Kristian Pagh , Onvlee Jeanette , Rontu Laura , Samuelsson Patrick , Muñoz Daniel Santos , Subias Alvaro , Tijm Sander , Toll Velle , Yang Xiaohua , Køltzow Morten Ødegaard 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The aim of this article is to describe the reference configuration of the convection-permitting numerical weather prediction (NWP) model HARMONIE-AROME, which is used for operational short-range weather forecasts in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and Sweden. It is developed, maintained, and validated as part of the shared ALADIN–HIRLAM system by a collaboration of 26 countries in Europe and northern Africa on short-range mesoscale NWP. HARMONIE–AROME is based on the model AROME developed within the ALADIN consortium. Along with the joint modeling framework, AROME was implemented and utilized in both northern and southern European conditions by the above listed countries, and this activity has led to extensive updates to the model’s physical parameterizations. In this paper the authors present the differences in model dynamics and physical parameterizations compared with AROME, as well as important configuration choices of the reference, such as lateral boundary conditions, model levels, horizontal resolution, model time step, as well as topography, physiography, and aerosol databases used. Separate documentation will be provided for the atmospheric and surface data-assimilation algorithms and observation types used, as well as a separate description of the ensemble prediction system based on HARMONIE–AROME, which is called HarmonEPS.
Assessment of Impact and Recovery Needs in Communities Affected by the Elk River Chemical Spill, West Virginia, April 2014
Authors: Burrer Sherry L. , Fechter-Leggett Ethan , Bayleyegn Tesfaye , Mark-Carew Miguella , Thomas Carrie , Bixler Danae , Noe Rebecca S. , Hsu Joy , Haddy Loretta , Wolkin Amy 
Published: February 2017

Objectives: In January 2014, 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol spilled into the Elk River near Charleston, West Virginia, contaminating the water supply for about 120 000 households. The West Virginia American Water Company (WVAWC) issued a “do not use” water order for 9 counties. After the order was lifted (10 days after the spill), the communities’ use of public water systems, information sources, alternative sources of water, and perceived impact of the spill on households were unclear to public health officials. To assist in recovery efforts, the West Virginia Bureau for Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER). Methods: We used the CASPER 2-stage cluster sampling design to select a representative sample of households to interview, and we conducted interviews in 171 households in April 2014. We used a weighted cluster analysis to generate population estimates in the sampling frame. Results: Before the spill, 74.4% of households did not have a 3-day alternative water supply for each household member and pet. Although 83.6% of households obtained an alternative water source within 1 day of the “do not use” order, 37.4% of households reportedly used WVAWC water for any purpose. Nearly 3 months after the spill, 36.1% of households believed that their WVAWC water was safe, and 33.5% reported using their household water for drinking. Conclusions: CASPER results identified the need to focus on basic public health messaging and household preparedness efforts. Recommendations included (1) encouraging households to maintain a 3-day emergency water supply, (2) identifying additional alternative sources of water for future emergencies, and (3) increasing community education to address ongoing concerns about water.
History of facial pain diagnosis
Authors: Zakrzewska Joanna M , Jensen Troels S 
Published: February 2017

Premise Facial pain refers to a heterogeneous group of clinically and etiologically different conditions with the common clinical feature of pain in the facial area. Among these conditions, trigeminal neuralgia (TN), persistent idiopathic facial pain, temporomandibular joint pain, and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TAC) are the most well described conditions. Conclusion TN has been known for centuries, and is recognised by its characteristic and almost pathognomonic clinical features. The other facial pain conditions are less well defined, and over the years there has been confusion about their classification.
Performance analysis of microelectromechanical thrusters using a direct simulation Monte Carlo solver
Authors: Lekzian E , Ebrahimi A , Parhizkar H 
Published: February 2017

Abstract In the present study, a direct simulation Monte Carlo solver is utilized to simulate the effects of heater plates on the performance parameters of microelectromechanical propulsion devices. The simulation is two dimensional. Proper cell dimensions, number of particles per cell, and grid study are used to guarantee the accuracy of simulations. Three types of microthrusters including cold gas as type 1, a propulsion device with heaters in the walls as type 2, and a microthruster with heater plates inside the domain as type 3 are studied. Type 1 is considered as a reference case and two other types are compared with type 1. It is observed that heater plates inside the microelectromechanical thruster enhance the downstream temperature due to conversion of pressure drop occurred by plates into temperature. In type 3, the specific impulse is enhanced but the thrust force is decreased in comparison with type 1. Heating the walls in type 2 accelerates the flow while there is no considerable pressure reduction. Moreover, all performance parameters are increased in this type. It is also demonstrated that increasing of wall temperature increases thrust and specific impulse and decreases the sensitivity of thruster due to rarefaction effects.
Child labour in Pakistan: Addressing supply and demand side labour market dynamics
Authors: Fatima Ambreen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article uses empirical evidence, based on labour market indicators, to analyse the factors influencing the incidence of child labour in Pakistan, from both supply and demand sides. The level of demand for child labour is shown to be linked mainly to adult wage levels, the adult unemployment rate in an area, and the size of the informal and agriculture sectors. The supply of child labour is seen to be positively linked to the proportion of adult unemployment in the household. Unlike previous studies, the article analyses both demand and supply side factors in a context of poverty and takes account of the co-existence of formal and informal labour markets. Furthermore, to generalise the issue for a longer span of time (which previous studies fail to do), it adopts the methodology of a pseudo-panel approach based on that proposed by Deaton. This approach makes it possible to pinpoint more accurately the factors, and their interaction, that need to be considered in any effective policy approach to the issue of child labour. To prevent unintended consequences, a multi-faceted development approach is required.
Radiographic Study of Pes Planovarus
Authors: Aebi Janic , Horisberger Monika , Frigg Arno 
Published: February 2017

Background: Depending on the direction of the subtalar joint, a foot deformity generally tends towards pronation (pes planovalgus) or supination (pes cavovarus). However, the combination of hindfoot varus and flat midfoot/forefoot (pes planovarus) is an exception to this rule. Pes planovarus has so far only been referred to in connection with Müller-Weiss disease and congenital disease. We diagnosed pes planovarus in otherwise healthy patients without these diseases. Methods: Forty patients with 54 symptomatic feet who were treated between August 2012 and July 2016 were included (mean age, 44.1 ± 15.7 years; 15 male/25 female). They were selected from 1064 consecutive cases (3.8%). Inclusion criteria were hindfoot varus and flat midfoot/forefoot. Their symptoms, radiographs, and therapies within the first 3 months were retrospectively analyzed. The position in the hindfoot alignment view (HAV), talometatarsal-1 angle lateral (TMT1lat) and dorsoplantar (TMT1dp), talocalcaneal angle lateral (TCAlat) and dorsoplantar (TCAdp), and calcaneal pitch angle (CPA) were measured on a DICOM/PACS system. Results: The mean radiological results (standard values from the literature in brackets) were as follows: the hindfoot was significantly in varus in the HAV (−6.9 ± 3.6 mm [−1.6 ± 7.2 mm]; P < .001), the TMT1lat was significantly flatter (−6.7 ± 5.8 degrees [8.4 ± 5.9 degrees]; P < .001), the TMT1dp was significantly less in abduction (1.5 ± 7.9 degrees [7.7 ± 8.2 degrees]; P = .005), the TCAdp showed no difference (25.9 ± 7.9 degrees [24.1 ± 5.7 degrees]; P = .118), the TCAlat was significantly larger (47.5 ± 6.1 degrees [43.4 ± 7.1 degrees]; P < .001), and the CPA was significantly flatter (17.6 ± 3.9 degrees [24.5 ± 3.0 degrees]; P < .001). The most frequent symptoms were stress-induced foot pain (n = 33), hallux valgus (n = 20), chronic ankle instability (n = 17), metatarsalgia (n = 15), chronic midfoot pain (n = 13), heel pain (n = 12), and lesser toe deformities (n = 8). Thirty-one feet were treated conservatively and 23 operatively. Conclusion: This study showed the existence of pes planovarus without Müller-Weiss disease or congenital disease. This unusual foot form leads to difficulties if standard treatment strategies are applied, which raises the issue of the correct treatment for such patients. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.