bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Executive succession: The importance of social capital in CEO appointments
Authors: Wiersema Margarethe F. , Nishimura Yoichiro , Suzuki Katsushi 
Published: January 2018

Research Summary: Firm performance and corporate governance have been shown to influence CEO selection, but our understanding of the role of social capital is more limited. In this study, we seek to provide further insight into the role of social capital by examining the influence of both “bonding” and “bridging” forms of social capital on CEO appointments. We find that candidates who have relational social capital, in terms of overlap with the CEO in organizational tenure, board tenure, and CEO tenure are more likely to be appointed as CEO. We also find that candidates who have external linkages to the CEO in the form of geographic, prestigious university, and prior employment affiliations are more likely to be appointed CEO.
Managerial Summary: The appointment of a new CEO has significant and widespread implications for the firm’s future strategic direction and performance, the relationship between the board and CEO, and perceptions by investors, employees, and other key stakeholders. Our study finds that candidates who have shared connections and experiences with the CEO in terms of geographic, prestigious university, or prior employment affiliations as well as overlap in terms of organizational tenure, board tenure, and CEO tenure are more likely to be appointed CEO. Given the enormous impact that executive appointments have on the strategic direction and performance of the company, it is important to recognize that social factors such as shared experiences and connections influence how candidates are perceived, and thus, may affect appointment decisions.
Photoassisted Construction of Holey Defective g‐C3N4 Photocatalysts for Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven H2O2 Production
Authors: Shi Li , Yang Liuqing , Zhou Wei , Liu Yanyu , Yin Lisha , Hai Xiao , Song Hui , Ye Jinhua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHoley defective g‐C3N4 photocatalysts, which are easily prepared via a novel photoassisted heating process, are reported. The photoassisted treatment not only helps to create abundant holes, endowing g‐C3N4 with more exposed catalytic active sites and crossplane diffusion channels to shorten the diffusion distance of both reactants from the surface to bulk and charge carriers from the bulk to surface, but also introduces nitrogen vacancies in the tri‐s‐triazine repeating units of g‐C3N4, inducing the narrowing of intrinsic bandgap and the formation of defect states within bandgap to extend the visible‐light absorption range and suppress the radiative electron–hole recombination. As a result, the holey defective g‐C3N4 photocatalysts show much higher photocatalytic activity for H2O2 production with optimized enhancement up to ten times higher than pristine bulk g‐C3N4. The newly developed synthetic strategy adopted here enables the sufficient utilization of solar energy and shows rather promising for the modification of other materials for efficient energy‐related applications.
A Single Composition Architecture‐Based Nanoprobe for Ratiometric Photoacoustic Imaging of Glutathione (GSH) in Living Mice
Authors: Yin Chao , Tang Yufu , Li Xiaozhen , Yang Zhen , Li Jie , Li Xiang , Huang Wei , Fan Quli 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAs one of the reduction species, glutathione (GSH) plays a tremendous role in regulating the homeostasis of redox state in living body. Accurate imaging of GSH in vivo is highly desired to provide a real‐time visualization of physiological and pathological conditions while it is still a big challenge. Recently developed photoacoustic imaging (PAI) with high resolution and deep penetration characteristics is more promising for in vivo GSH detection. However, its application is dramatically limited by the difficult designation of photoacoustic probes with changeable near‐infrared (NIR)‐absorption under reductive activation. A cyanine derivative‐based activatable probe is developed for in vivo ratiometric PAI of GSH for the first time. The probe is structurally designed to output ratiometric signals toward GSH in NIR‐absorption region based on the cleavage of disulfide bond followed by a subsequent exchange between the secondary amine and sulfydryl group formed. Such a ratiometric manner provides high signal‐to‐noise imaging of blood vessels and their surrounding areas in tumor. Concomitantly, it also exhibits good specificity toward GSH over other thiols. Furthermore, the single composition architecture of the probe effectively overcomes the leakage issue compared with traditional multicomposition architecture‐based nanoprobe, thus enhancing the imaging accuracy and fidelity in living body.
Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Wrapped Co9–xFexS8/Co,Fe‐N‐C Composite as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution
Authors: Liu Teng , Yang Fulin , Cheng Gongzhen , Luo Wei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSearching for highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) using nonnoble metal‐based catalysts is essential for the development of many energy conversion systems, including rechargeable fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Here, Co9–xFexS8/Co,Fe‐N‐C hybrids wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (abbreviated as S‐Co9–xFexS8@rGO) are synthesized through a semivulcanization and calcination method using graphene oxide (GO) wrapped bimetallic zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF) Co,Fe‐ZIF (CoFe‐ZIF@GO) as precursors. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of OER active CoFeS and ORR active Co,Fe‐N‐C in a single component, as well as high dispersity and enhanced conductivity derived from rGO coating and Fe‐doping, the obtained S‐Co9–xFexS8@rGO‐10 catalyst shows an ultrasmall overpotential of ≈0.29 V at 10 mA cm−2 in OER and a half‐wave potential of 0.84 V in ORR, combining a superior oxygen electrode activity of ≈0.68 V in 0.1 m KOH.
Multi‐element determination in Schisandra chinensis fructus by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the study of element transfer rules from herbs to decoctions
Authors: Hu Yuli , Luo Jiaoyang , Li Kunlun , Ding Tong , Kong Dandan , Zhang Shanshan , Yang Shihai , Yang Meihua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSchisandra chinensis (S. chinensis) fructus (SCF), an important medical and edible herbal medicine, is widely distributed in Northern China, Korea and Japan. The quality control of SCF is becoming more important with the increasing consumption of the fruit as dietary supplement. In the present study, we aim to investigate the heavy metal residues in SCF as well as the transfer rules of heavy metals from raw SCF to the processed SCF. Different batches of SCF were investigated, including three harvest periods of SCF. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with microwave digestion was applied for the determination of 12 elements in SCF. Besides, certified national level standard reference material CRM Astragalus (GBW 10028, GSB‐19) was used to assess the accuracy of the method. The results showed that, the contents of lead (prophase), mercury (prophase and metaphase) and cadmium (metaphase and anaphase) in SCF exceeded the limits set by Green Trade Standards of Importing & Exporting Medicinal Plants & Preparations. Besides, the contents of the most elements in prophase were significantly higher than that in metaphase and anaphase (p<0.05). In addition, the contents of the elements were reduced after extracting, and the transfer ratios of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and copper were all below 30%. In conclusion, the results indicated that extracting as well as processing can reduce the intake of heavy metals, and that metaphase and anaphase are more suitable harvest times than prophase for SCF.
Playing With Digital Tools With Explicit Scaffolding
Authors: Kang Grace Y. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis teaching tip showcases instructional strategies and scaffolds from an out‐of‐school digital writing camp. Often, teachers may be hesitant to incorporate digital tools into their literacy instruction for various reasons (e.g., scripted curriculum, fear and uncertainty of digital tools, lack of experience and knowledge with technology), yet it is quite similar to using the writers’ workshop approach with the added necessity of explicit scaffolding. Three main scaffolds of reading aloud mentor texts, teacher modeling of the digital tools, and providing time to play with the digital tools are further explained. The author highlights lower to higher tech digital tools, such as Google Slides, PicLits, Animoto, and iMovie, and reveals how they can be incorporated into the literacy classroom in engaging and meaningful ways.
Children's Literature That Sparks Inferential Discussions
Authors: Kelly Laura Beth , Moses Lindsey 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this article, the authors report findings from a yearlong study that addressed teaching first‐grade students to make inferences and engage in inferential discussion about children's literature. Because of the importance of both inferencing and discussion for comprehension, a collaborative team of two researchers and a classroom teacher focused on providing supportive discussion contexts and appropriate texts to foster inferential thinking in small‐group discussions. The authors found that ambiguous books, didactic narratives, and fractured fairy tales provided rich sites for inference instruction and practice. The authors also noted the importance of text selection, accepting unexpected responses from students, and the role of the teacher. The article includes transcripts from student discussions with analysis of ways the varied texts fostered inferential talk.
“Let's FaceTime Tonight”: Using Digital Tools to Enhance Coaching
Authors: Leighton Christine M. , Ford‐Connors Evelyn , Robertson Dana A. , Wyatt Jennifer , Wagner Christopher J. , Proctor C. Patrick , Paratore Jeanne R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article documents a collaboration between a second‐grade teacher and a university‐based literacy coach to implement dialogic instruction as part of a 14‐week cross‐disciplinary curriculum unit. The coach–teacher dyad used digital technologies to enhance a problem‐solving approach to coaching. The authors describe the coaching interactions, the digital tools used (e.g., e‐mail, FaceTime, text messaging, video and audio recordings), the problems that the coach–teacher dyad collaboratively addressed over three phases of the unit, and the student learning that occurred in response. Throughout, the authors highlight how the coach and teacher made flexible use of digital technology to carve out additional time and space for problem solving as they worked to support the language and literacy skills of a group of multilingual second‐grade students.
Time to tear down the pyramids? A critique of cascading hierarchies as a policy tool
Authors: Olsson Olle , Roos Anders , Guisson Ruben , Bruce Lena , Lamers Patrick , Hektor Bo , Thrän Daniela , Hartley Damon , Ponitka Jens , Hildebrandt Jakob 
Published: January 2018

Cascading, or cascade use, is concept that has many different definitions, but a common theme is a sequential use of resources for different purposes. The cascading concept was first presented in the early 1990s but has become an intensively debated topic primarily in the most recent decade. In the available literature on cascading of wood, there are few studies that discuss policy implementation. As this is currently heavily debated, there is an important gap here that we aim to fill. In this paper, we (a) critically review the conceptual history of cascading and (b) highlight the complexities involved in its implementation in policy frameworks. Originally, cascading was discussed as a broad framework for how society better should manage natural resource flows. In more recent debates on woody biomass however, cascading is often presented as simply a hierarchy, wherein material use of wood should hold priority over energy use of wood. This is partly based on an idea that certain forms of wood utilization are inherently more valuable than others, an assumption that becomes problematic when implemented in policy. In reality, how and for what a certain wood resource is used varies with time and place and historical examples of implementation of hierarchical policy frameworks indicate a high risk of unwanted consequences, such as unstable policy structures and tendencies toward a negotiation economy. Cascading of woody biomass can have benefits from both an economical and environmental perspective. However, cascading systems should emerge bottom‐up, not be imposed top‐down through politically determined hierarchies. WIREs Energy Environ 2018, 7:e279. doi: 10.1002/wene.279This article is categorized under:

Energy and Climate > Economics and Policy
Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and children's language development at 30 months
Authors: Bornehag C.-G. , Reichenberg A. , Hallerback M. Unenge , Wikstrom S. , Koch H.M. , Jonsson B.A. , Swan S.H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjective:To examine prenatal APAP exposure in relation to language development in offspring at 30 months of age.Method:A population-based pregnancy cohort study including 754 women who enrolled in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study in pregnancy week 8–13. Two exposure measures were used: (1) maternally reported number of APAP tablets taken between conception and enrollment; (2) APAP urinary concentration at enrollment. Language development at 30 months was assessed by nurse's evaluation and parental questionnaire, including the number of words the child used (<25, 25–50 and >50). Main study outcome; parental report of use of fewer than 50 words, termed language delay (LD).Results:59.2% of women enrolled in weeks 8–13 reported taking APAP between conception and enrollment. APAP was measurable in all urine samples and urinary APAP was correlated with the number of APAP taken during pregnancy (P<0.01). Language delay was more prevalent in boys (12.6%) than girls (4.1%) (8.5% in total). Both the number of APAP tablets and urinary APAP concentration were associated with greater LD in girls but not in boys. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for LD among girls whose mothers reported >6vs.0 APAP tablets was 5.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–31.94). The OR for LD in girls whose mothers’ urinary APAP was in the highest compared to the lowest quartile was 10.34 (95% CI 1.37–77.86). While it cannot be ruled out, our available data do not support confounding by indication.Conclusions:Given the prevalence of prenatal APAP use and the importance of language development, these findings, if replicated, would suggest that pregnant women should limit their use of this analgesic during pregnancy.
The interaction between neurocognitive functioning, subthreshold psychotic symptoms and pharmacotherapy in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A longitudinal comparative study
Authors: Weinberger R. , Weisman O. , Guri Y. , Harel T. , Weizman A. , Gothelf D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is the most common genetic syndrome associated with schizophrenia. The goal of this study was to evaluate longitudinally the interaction between neurocognitive functioning, the presence of subthreshold psychotic symptoms (SPS) and conversion to psychosis in individuals with 22q11DS. In addition, we attempted to identify the specific neurocognitive domains that predict the longitudinal evolution of positive and negative SPS, as well as the effect of psychiatric medications on 22q11DS psychiatric and cognitive developmental trajectories.MethodsForty-four participants with 22q11DS, 19 with Williams syndrome (WS) and 30 typically developing (TD) controls, age range 12–35 years, were assessed at two time points (15.2 ± 2.1 months apart). Evaluation included the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms (SIPS), structured psychiatric evaluation and the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB).Results22q11DS individuals with SPS had a yearly conversion rate to psychotic disorders of 8.8%, compared to none in both WS and TD controls. Baseline levels of negative SPS were associated with global neurocognitive performance (GNP), executive function and social cognition deficits, in individuals with 22q11DS, but not in WS. Deficits in GNP predicted negative SPS in 22q11DS and the emergence or persistence of negative SPS. 22q11DS individuals treated with psychiatric medications showed significant improvement in GNP score between baseline and follow-up assessments, an improvement that was not seen in untreated 22q11DS.ConclusionsOur results highlight the time-dependent interplay among positive and negative SPS symptoms, neurocognition and pharmacotherapy in the prediction of the evolution of psychosis in 22q11DS.
Sculpting with flow
Authors: Ristroph Leif 
Published: January 2018

Flowing air and water are persistent sculptors, gradually working stone, clay, sand and ice into landforms and landscapes. The evolution of shape results from a complex fluid–solid coupling that tends to produce stereotyped forms, and this morphology offers important clues to the history of a landscape and its development. Claudin et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 832, 2017, R2) shed light on how we might read the rippled and scalloped patterns written into dissolving or melting solid surfaces by a flowing fluid. By better understanding the genesis of these patterns, we may explain why they appear in different natural settings, such as the walls of mineral caves dissolving in flowing water, ice caves in wind, and melting icebergs.
IMPROVED EARLY SEASON MANAGEMENT OF SUB1 RICE VARIETIES ENHANCES POST-SUBMERGENCE RECOVERY AND YIELD
Authors: BANAYO NINO P. M. , MABESA-TELOSA RANEE C. , SINGH SUDHANSHU , KATO YOICHIRO 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYMore than 10 Sub1 rice varieties carrying the submergence-tolerance gene have been released for flood-prone environments in tropical Asia. Improved management practices have been shown to enhance yields of these varieties. The objective of this study was to dissect the growth response of IR64-Sub1 to integrated crop management in a flash flood at the late vegetative stage. Field experiments were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines in the dry and wet seasons of 2013. Complete submergence was imposed for 14 days starting at 37 days after transplanting. Integrated management practice (IMP) consisting of: (i) application of fertilizer (compared with no fertilizer use in conventional practice), (ii) use of lower seeding rate (400 vs. 800 kg ha−1) in the nursery bed, (iii) use of slightly older seedling for transplanting (30 vs. 18 day-old), and (iv) higher planting density (33.3 vs. 25.0 hills m−2) gave yields higher by 8–87% compared with the conventional practice (1.3–2.4 t ha−1) in both seasons. This was attributable to higher shoot biomass after water recession, more tillers m−2, greater leaf area expansion and shoot biomass accumulation during the recovery period, and higher filled-grain percentage at maturity. The improved management had no positive effect on panicle formation, spikelets panicle−1, and harvest index since stress was imposed at the transition period between vegetative and reproductive phases. Our results suggest the appropriate nursery management, for submergence-resilient seedlings to further alleviate damage caused by flash floods and increase the yield of Sub1 varieties in flood-prone rainfed lowlands.
CHILD NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN EGYPT: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS USING A QUANTILE REGRESSION APPROACH
Authors: Sharaf Mesbah Fathy , Mansour Elhussien Ibrahim , Rashad Ahmed Shoukry 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis study examined the underlying demographic and socioeconomic determinants of child nutritional status in Egypt using data from the most recent round of the Demographic and Health Survey. The height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) was used as a measure of child growth. A quantile regression approach was used to allow for a heterogeneous effect of each determinant along different percentiles of the conditional distribution of the HAZ. A nationally representative sample of 13,682 children aged 0–4 years was drawn from the 2014 Egypt DHS. The multivariate analyses included a set of HAZ determinants commonly used in the literature. The conditional and unconditional analyses revealed a socioeconomic gradient in child nutritional status, in which children of low income/education households have a worse HAZ than those from high income/education households. The results also showed significant disparities in child nutritional status by demographic and social characteristics. The quantile regression results showed that the association between the demographic and socioeconomic factors and HAZ differed along the conditional HAZ distribution. Intervention measures need to consider the heterogeneous effect of the determinants of child nutritional status along the different percentiles of the HAZ distribution. There is no one-size-fits-all policy to combat child malnutrition; a multifaceted approach and targeted policy interventions are required to address this problem effectively.
Growing health partnerships in rural and remote communities: what drives the joint efforts of primary schools and universities in maintaining service learning partnerships?
Authors: Kirby Sue , Held Fabian P. , Jones Debra , Lyle David 
Published: January 2018

AimThis study explored the partnership between universities and local primary schools to deliver a classroom-based paediatric communication impairment service provided by undergraduate speech pathology students. It aimed to understand how partnerships work to facilitate programme replication.BackgroundThe partners included universities sending students on rural clinical placement, local host academic units and primary schools who worked together to provide paediatric speech and language services in primary schools in three sites in Australia. Rural and remote communities experience poorer health outcomes because of chronic workforce shortages, social disadvantage and high Aboriginality, poor access to services and underfunding.MethodsThe study was in twofold: qualitative analysis of data from interviews/focus group with the partners in the university and education sectors, and quantitative social network analysis of data from an electronic survey of the partners.FindingsFactors supporting partnerships were long-term, work and social relationships, commitment to community, trust and an appetite for risk-taking. We postulate that these characteristics are more likely to exist in rural communities.