bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypersensitivity Reaction to Mannitol
Authors: McNeill Irene Y. 
Published: May 2016

A 60-year-old atopic female was admitted for investigation of progressive neurological deficits involving her left hand, arm, and shoulder. A computed tomography scan demonstrated a right parietal lesion of her brain, which was removed. Increasing intracranial pressure necessitated the administration of mannitol 20% 250 ml. The patient stated she had a “tightness” in her chest during the mannitol administration. Five days later, rises in intracranial pressure again necessitated the infusion of mannitol 20% 150 ml. After 100 ml of the solution had been infused, the patient experienced mild respiratory distress, cyanosed lips, and hives of her abdomen. Supportive therapy, including aminophylline and diphenyhydramine administration, abated her distress. Anaphylaxis to mannitol administration has only been reported twice previously, despite mannitol's widespread use. Physicians and pharmacists should be aware that severe hypersensitivity reactions may occur, especially in patients with a history of atopy.
Metoclopramide as an Antiemetic Agent in Pediatric Oncology Patients
Authors: Howrie Denise L. , Felix Carolyn , Wollman Michael , Juhl Randy P. , Blatt Julie 
Published: May 2016

Metoclopramide (MCP) was used as an antiemetic agent in 11 pediatric oncology patients during 22 courses of cancer therapy including cisplatin, doxorubicin, and other agents. Initial MCP regimens used 2 mg/kg/dose iv prior to and at 1.5, 3.5, 5.5, and 8.5 hours post-chemotherapy. Subsequent dose reduction to 1 mg/kg and addition of diphenhydramine to all regimens has been made to decrease adverse drug effects. Seven of 11 children reported subjective benefit, defined by comparison with previous antiemetic response, comfort, and willingness to continue MCP therapy. MCP effectively reduced the volume of emesis per 24-hour period as compared with volume of emesis recorded following other antiemetics, an observation that should be confirmed in controlled studies of efficacy. Acute dystonic reactions developed in five children, occurring most frequently in those who received 2 mg/kg/dose regimens or consecutive day dosing. These reactions were rapidly reversible with diphenhydramine, but limited patient acceptance of further MCP use.
Factors Contributing to Medication Noncompliance in Elderly Public Housing Tenants
Authors: Murray Michael D. , Darnell Jeffrey , Weinberger Morris , Martz B.L. 
Published: May 2016

A study examined the extent and correlates of noncompliance in 155 predominantly elderly public housing tenants. Data were gathered through in-home interviews; only data from tenants taking prescribed medications on a regularly scheduled basis (n= 140) were analyzed. Noncompliance was significantly (p<0.05) associated with taking more than five prescribed medications, an inability to read prescription and auxiliary labels, and difficulty opening flip-off type medication container lids. The results indicate that attempts to reduce the total number of prescription drug products used in these elderly residents by carefully scrutinizing the need for each prescription drug may enhance compliance. Pharmacists could assist in the detection of elderly patients at risk for medication noncompliance (five or more total prescription medications) by assessing the patients' ability to read labels on prescription containers for all new drug additions and refills, and by having them try to open a flip-off container lid.
Extension block technique for mallet fractures: a comparison of one and two dorsal pins
Authors: Akgun U. , Bulut T. , Zengin E. C. , Tahta M. , Sener M. 
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of one or two dorsal pins for extension blocking of mallet fractures. We treated 36 mallet fractures with the extension block technique. A single pin was used in 19 fractures (Group 1) and two pins in 17 fractures (Group 2). The mean age was 33.6 years and the mean follow-up time was 12.2 months. All patients were assessed by the Crawford outcome score. Extensor lag and other complications were noted. All fractures united with a mean time of 6.0 weeks (4–9) in Group 1, and 6.1 weeks (4–7) in Group 2. We obtained 74% and 71% excellent and good outcome scores in Group 1 and in Group 2, respectively. The final extension lag was 6° in Group 1, and 7° in Group 2. No difference was found between the two groups in terms of clinical outcomes, radiological values and complications. Level 3 non-randomized controlled study.
Von Willebrand factor and alkaline phosphatase predict re‐transplantation‐free survival after the first liver transplantation
Authors: Wannhoff Andreas , Rauber Conrad , Friedrich Kilian , Rupp Christian , Stremmel Wolfgang , Weiss Karl Heinz , Schemmer Peter , Gotthardt Daniel N 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundAfter liver transplantation (LT), there are liver‐related, infectious and cardiovascular complications that contribute to reduced graft survival. These conditions are associated with an increase in the Von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF‐Ag), which was previously correlated with survival in cirrhotic patients.ObjectiveEvaluate VWF‐Ag as a predictive marker of re‐transplantation‐free survival in patients after LT.MethodsWe measured VWF‐Ag in patients after first LT and then followed them prospectively with regard to the primary endpoint, namely re‐transplantation‐free survival.ResultsThere were 6 out of 80 patients who died or received re‐LT during follow‐up. In these patients, the median VWF‐Ag was 510.6%, which was significantly higher (p  = 0.001) than in the patients who were alive at the end of follow‐up (with a median VWF‐Ag = 186.8%). At a cut‐off of 286.8%, VWF‐Ag was significantly correlated with re‐transplantation‐free survival (p  < 0.001). VWF‐Ag was independently associated with re‐transplantation‐free survival in a multivariate analysis; as was alkaline phosphatase (ALP), but not the model of end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score, donor age, nor cold ischemia time. A score combining VWF‐Ag and ALP showed an impressive capability in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (with area under the curve (AUC) = 0.958) to distinguish between patients with regard to the primary endpoint.ConclusionsVWF‐Ag is a non‐invasive marker that can predict outcome in patients after LT. Its diagnostic performance increased when combined with ALP in a newly developed scoring system.
Does calprotectin level identify a subgroup among patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome? Results of a prospective study
Authors: Melchior Chloé , Aziz Moutaz , Aubry Typhaine , Gourcerol Guillaume , Quillard Muriel , Zalar Alberto , Coëffier Moïse , Dechelotte Pierre , Leroi Anne‐Marie , Ducrotté Philippe 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome is a multifactorial disease. Although faecal calprotectin has been shown to be a reliable marker of intestinal inflammation, its role in irritable bowel syndrome remains debated.ObjectiveThe aims of this prospective study were to select a subgroup of irritable bowel syndrome patients and to characterise those patients with high faecal calprotectin by systematic work‐up.MethodsCalprotectin levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay test in consecutive irritable bowel syndrome patients fulfilling Rome III criteria in whom normal colonoscopy and appropriate tests had excluded organic disease. Calprotectin levels were compared in irritable bowel syndrome patients, healthy controls and patients with active and quiescent Crohn’s disease. When the calprotectin level was higher than 50 µg/g, the absence of ANCA/ASCA antibodies and a normal small bowel examination were required to confirm irritable bowel syndrome diagnosis. Additional explorations included assessment of irritable bowel syndrome severity, anxiety and depression, impact on quality of life, glucose and fructose breath tests, rectal distension test by barostat and quantitative and qualitative assessment of inflammation on colonic biopsies.ResultsAmong the 93 irritable bowel syndrome patients (73% women; 66.7% with diarrhoea) recruited, 34 (36.6%) had reproducibly elevated calprotectin. Although they tended to be older than those with normal calprotectin (P  = 0.06), there were no other differences between the two groups. When elevated, calprotectin was correlated with age (P  = 0.03, r  = 0.22).ConclusionsElevated faecal calprotectin was observed in one third of patients in this series, without any significant association with a specific clinical phenotype (except age) or specific abnormalities.
Trends in Pleural Effusion Research
Authors: Bielsa Silvia , Porcel José M. 
Published: May 2016

Background: Research in pleural diseases has traditionally been neglected but is now growing. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze scientific research trends on pleural effusions over the last decades. Method: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database from its inception to March 2016, searching for original articles and reviews on “pleural effusion” (key word). Journal, year of publication, number of citations, authors and their affiliations, and the Hirsch (H)-index for some of these variables were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 15 982 documents were retrieved, of which half have been published in the last 18 years and a quarter during the last 8 years. Chest ranked first regarding the number of documents on pleural effusions (both absolute number and yearly rate) and their scientific relevance (H-index of 76). The United States had contributed the most to pleural research productivity (23%). American pulmonologists Dr Richard Light and Dr Steven Sahn exhibited the highest number of papers (206 and 156, respectively) and author H-indexes (44 and 38, respectively). Conclusion: There is growing research activity in the field of pleural effusions, which has gained relevance and visibility in clinical respiratory journals. The United States is the leader in quantity and quality of research productivity in pleural medicine.
Cu0.8Mg1.2Si2O6: a copper-bearing silicate with the low-clinopyroxene structure
Authors: Ding Lei , Darie Céline , Colin Claire V. , Bordet Pierre 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Cu0.8Mg1.2Si2O6pyroxene has been synthesized using a soft chemistry method. Its crystal structure was determined from powder X-ray diffraction data. Cu0.8Mg1.2Si2O6crystallizes with the lowclinopyroxene monoclinic structure (space group P21/c). The role of the Jahn-Teller-distorted Cu2+cation on the stability of this strongly distorted structure is investigated. Cu2+shows a strong preference for the M2site, attributed to a better adaptation of its JT-distorted coordination polyhedron to this already distorted and more flexible site. Comparison with previously reported compounds indicates that increasing the Cu content enhances the M2 site distortion, eventually leading to symmetry lowering from orthorhombic Pbca to monoclinic P21/c. These observations bring new insight into the mechanisms of formation and chemical composition of pyroxene minerals in the presence of JT cations.
Primary phases in aluminous slags produced by the aluminothermic reduction of pyrochlore
Authors: Mitchell Roger H. , Mariano Anthony N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhases present in slags from Araxá (Brazil), Oka (Quebec) and Fen (Norway) resulting from the production of ferroniobium by the aluminothermic reduction of pyrochlore-group minerals are a function of composition of the pyrochlore feed and the diverse fluxes (CaO, CaF2) added to the alumina and iron oxide used in the reduction process. Absent from all slags investigated are Fe-bearing compounds. All of the slags are modally-dominated by prismatic crystals of β-alumina or hibonite, with a wide variety of Th-Ba-Ti-Nb-Al-oxide compounds and silico-aluminate glasses occurring in the interstices between these crystals. Slag from Fen consists of a framework of β-alumina (Ba and/or CaTi varieties) with a barian titanian niobate, considered to be an highly reduced Nb3+- and Ti3+-bearing anion deficient perovskite, as the first oxide phase to crystallize. This was followed by a Zr-Ti-Th-niobate (21.7–24.1 wt.% ThO2), a Nb-rich, Thbearing zirconolite-like phase (17.7–21.2 wt.%; Nb2O5; 6.8–9.5 wt.% ThO2) and diverse Th-Nb-rich, Alpoor (< 1 wt.% Al2O3) perovskites (29.4–40.5 wt.% Nb2O5; 3.3–11.4 wt.% ThO2). The latter represents a NaNbO3–CaTiO3–Na2/3Th1/3TiO3–ThTi2O6solid solution. Late Na-rich silicate glass contains celsian. Slag from Araxá also consists of a framework of β-alumina (Ti-poor). Interstitial compounds differ from Fen in being predominantly rare-earth element (REE)-Nb-Al-Th-perovskites belonging to a REEAlO3–Ca2AlNbO6–CaTiO3–ThTi2O6solid solution with minor NaNbO3and CaZrO3, and compositionally diverse barium calcium aluminates [(Ba, Ca)Al2O4] set in a F-bearing (6–7 wt.%) Na-Ba-Si-aluminate glass with minor Ba4Nb2O9, CaF2, BaF2and NaF. Slag from Oka consists of a framework of hibonite [(Ca, REE) (Al, Ti, Mg)12O19] zoned with respect to the REE content. Interstitial compounds are CaZr4O9, Nb-Th-poor perovskites belonging to the REEAlO3–CaTiO3series with minor CaZrO3set in a F-bearing (5–6 wt.%) calcium aluminate glass. These data demonstrate that during ferroniobium production REE, Zr, Th, U and significant amounts of Nb are sequestered in the oxide phases in accord with their lithophile geochemical character. None of these elements are present as compounds in the siderophillic ferroniobium alloys. These data demonstrate that the aluminothermic reduction process results in the loss of significant amounts of Nb to the slag. Perovskite-group compounds are present in all of the slags but differ widely in their composition as a result of compositional differences in the feed pyrochlores and fluxes added to the smelting process. Slags originating from ferroniobium production are enriched in Th and U and could be considered as an environmental hazard if these elements are mobilized during chemical weathering of slag.
T-induced displacive phase transition of end-member Pb-lawsonite
Authors: Ende Martin , Wunder Bernd , Koch-Müller Monika , Pippinger Thoma. , Buth Gernot , Giester Gerald , Lengauer Christian L. , Libowitzky Eugen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPb-lawsonite, PbAl2[(OH)2|Si2O7]·H2O, space group Pbnm, was synthesized as crystals up to 15 μm × 5 μm × 5 μm in size by a piston cylinder technique at a pressure of ∼4 GPa and a temperature of 873 ± 10 K. Temperature-dependent powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses partly using synchrotron radiation as well as Raman spectroscopic investigations reveal a phase transition around 445 K resulting in the Cmcm high-temperature structure. The transformation temperature is considerably higher than that of lawsonite around 273 K, which is characterized predominantly by proton order/disorder. The transition is confirmed using principal component analysis and subsequent hierarchical cluster analysis on both the powder XRD patterns and the Raman spectra. Furthermore, a non-uniform change is observed around 355 K, which is not as pronounced as the 445 K transition and apparently comes from enhanced hydrogen bonding, which stops the atom shifts in Pb-lawsonite. These are the same bonds that mainly characterize the phase transition in lawsonite around 273 K. In contrast, the structural transition of Pblawsonite at 445 K seems to originate from the interaction of the SiO4tetrahedra and AlO6octahedra framework with the Pb2+cation. The structural environment of Pb2+can be described by a 12-fold coordination above 445 K, which changes towards irregular ten-fold coordination below this temperature. An assignment of the O–H stretching Raman bands confirms moderately strong H bonds in Pb-lawsonite, whereas both strong and weak H bonds exist in lawsonite. Therefore, a further phase transition of Pblawsonite, similar to that of lawsonite around 273 K, is not expected.
Fixed points for cyclic R-contractions and solution of nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equations
Authors: Abbas Mujahid , Latif Abdul , Suleiman Yusuf I 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the notion of cyclic R-contraction mapping and then study the existence of fixed points for such mappings in the framework of metric spaces. Examples and application are presented to support the main result. Our result unify, complement, and generalize various comparable results in the existing literature.
Principles that Govern Electronic Transport in Organic Conductors and Transistors
Authors: Mori Takehiko 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Energy bands of organic conductors are calculated on the basis of the estimation of intermolecular overlap integrals and the tight-binding approximation. The resulting Fermi surface has been investigated by the measurements of low-temperature magnetoresistance in detail. However, we have to take electron correlation into account to explain the variation of the metal-insulator transition temperatures and the universal phase diagram. In particular, intermolecular Coulomb repulsion gives a variety of charge-order patterns, in which non-stripe charge order is important in a triangular network of organic conductors. Non-stripe charge order is an origin of flat resistivity, nonlinear conductivity, and potentially Dirac fermions. The estimation of intermolecular interaction is extended to the πd-systems, where the magnetic interactions J between the π-electrons and metal spins make a network. To discuss the charge transport in organic transistors, energy levels of the molecules are important. However, since the energy levels are considerably modified at the metal/organic interface, it is useful to use chemical doping and organic charge-transfer salts in the conducting parts of organic transistors. Temperature dependence of an organic transistor comes from the midgap trap states, but eliminating the traps in a single-crystal transistor, we can achieve band-like transport maintained down to low temperatures.
Product Policy in Markets with Word-of-Mouth Communication
Authors: Godes David 
Published: May 2016

We investigate the equilibrium relationship between product quality and word-of-mouth (WOM) communication. Specifically, we ask whether firms should optimally produce “better” products when consumers are more likely to exchange information. The critical moderating factor in our model is the nature of the communication and what its primary impact is. We first look at WOM that expands awareness of a product. We show that quality may either increase or decrease as WOM expands. The answer depends, in part, on the extent to which the expansion of WOM is one of scale alone or whether it also fundamentally changes the structure of communications. Next, we examine a model in which the primary impact of WOM is to help people to evaluate the utility provided by products with which they are already familiar. Our model suggests that more WOM in this context should always lead to higher-quality products. We demonstrate that the underlying driver of this result is that the elasticity of demand with respect to quality is increasing in the proportion of consumers who are informed about the product’s quality. Taken together, the two models therefore suggest that the firm’s optimal product-policy response to the growth in social interactions depends on both the content and the structure of the underlying conversations. Finally, we compare both WOM models to analogous models of advertising and demonstrate that the firm’s optimal response to a decrease in advertising costs is quite different from that to an increase in WOM. The reason for these differences can be traced back to a fundamental distinction between advertising and WOM: although the former is optimized, the latter is far more random. This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Disagreement, Underreaction, and Stock Returns
Authors: Cen Ling , Wei K. C. John , Yang Liyan 
Published: May 2016

We explore analysts’ earnings forecast data to improve on one popular disagreement measure—the analyst forecast dispersion measure—proposed by Diether et al. [Diether KB, Malloy CJ, Scherbina A (2002) Differences of opinion and the cross section of stock returns. J. Finance 57:2113–2141]. Our analysis suggests that changes in the standard deviations of forecasted earnings can work as a complementary disagreement measure that is comparable across stocks and immune from other return-predictive information contained in the normalization scalars of analyst forecast dispersion measures. We also document evidence that the change-based disagreement measure predicts future cross-sectional returns significantly only when changes in the mean forecasts are negative. This finding suggests that the interaction between disagreement and underreaction to earnings news affects asset prices. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
A critical review of NICE Guideline 39—major trauma: assessment and initial management
Authors: Hodkinson Mark 
Published: May 2016

Major trauma is a leading cause of death in the under 40 years age group, and has a significant impact on morbidity, causing a financial burden to the National Health Service ( National Audit Office, 2010 ). A recent guideline published by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence ( NICE, 2016a ) seeks to address the recommendations made by a National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (2007) and the National Audit Office (2010) , therefore improving the standards of trauma care delivery across England. This article critically appraises the recommendations made by NICE (2016a) , while considering the available evidence and the implications on pre-hospital major trauma care.
Facile bio-inspired synthesis of zinc sulfide nanoparticles using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell free extract: optimization, characterization and optical properties
Authors: Rao M. Divya , Pennathur Gautam 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This study describes an eco-friendly, economical method to synthesize semiconductor zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles using the cell free extract of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Physicochemical parameters like pH, temperature and cell free extract concentration were optimized. Spherical particles measuring 8–12 nm were observed under high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Elemental analysis proved that the nanoparticles were composed of zinc and sulfur, while powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated the pure FCC crystal structure. Examination of the functional groups by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that algal proteins were involved in the synthesis of the nanoparticles. These nanoparticles demonstrated unique optical properties that were probed with UV-visible and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. A peak at 310 nm was detected that was significantly blue-shifted from the bulk counterpart. Broad emission peaks at 410 nm and 430 nm were seen. The former was due to radiative recombination while the latter was attributed to defect states. In an effort to understand the molecular mechanism, the proteins bound to the nanoparticle surface were studied using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) and numerous proteins that are part of the cells’ oxidoreductive machinery were identified. These cellular proteins probably play a pivotal role in the synthesis and stabilization of ZnS nanoparticles.