bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acrylated epoxidized natural rubber/functionalized organoclay hybrid networks: In‐situ production and characterization study
Authors: Toiserkani Hojjat , Rajab‐Qurchi Mohadeseh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study is dedicated to the fabrication of acrylated epoxidized natural rubber (AENR)/dual‐functionalized organoclay (DF‐C30B) hybrid networks using an in‐situ light‐induced crosslinking polymerization technique. The process begins with the successful synthesis of DF‐C30B, which contains methacrylate groups, achieved by reacting 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) with cloisite 30B (C30B). During fabrication, DF‐C30B nanolayers are dispersed within the AENR matrix at various feed ratios, ranging from 1 to 8 parts per hundred of rubber (phr). The photocrosslinking polymerization is then initiated using 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone (DMPA) as the photoinitiating agent. Subsequent analysis of the nanocomposites involves evaluating their structure and morphology using established techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The FTIR analysis enables comparing distinct bands of the nanocomposite's components, affirming the integration and covalent attachment of nanoclay in the AENR matrix. Results from TEM and XRD illustrate the uniform distribution of DF‐C30B throughout the AENR matrix without significant agglomeration. TGA results indicate that the hybrid networks exhibit enhanced thermal stability, with degradation onset temperatures of 306°C, 308°C, 315°C, and 318°C for DF‐C30B loadings of 1, 2, 4, and 8 phr, respectively, compared to 198°C for pure AENR. Correspondingly, char residue levels increased to 4.3%, 5.6%, 7.8%, and 11.7% for the respective DF‐C30B contents. This research underscores the promising role of DF‐C30B as a strengthening component in nanocomposites based on NR, contributing to improved thermal endurance, enhanced uniformity, and offering insightful directions for future advancements.Highlights
Fabricated acrylated epoxidized natural rubber (AENR)/dual‐functionalized organoclay (DF‐C30B) hybrid networks via light‐induced crosslinking polymerization.
Enhanced compatibility and performance of DF‐C30B within the AENR matrix.
Successful integration and stability confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Uniform dispersion of DF‐C30B within the matrix demonstrated by XRD and TEM.
Improved thermal stability compared to neat AENR, as evidenced by TGA results.
Enhancement mechanism exploration of hexagonal boron nitride on the mechanical and tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene composites by experiments and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Fang Shuntao , Song Jingfu , Zhao Gai , Ding Qingjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) content on the mechanical and tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/glass fibers/MoS2/h‐BN composite materials. Their tensile strength and hardness were measured to evaluate the improvement effect of h‐BN. The results indicate that h‐BN particles can enhance the tensile strength and surface hardness of the PTFE composites. Tribological properties were conducted under dry conditions using a ball‐on‐disk tribometer, and the worn surfaces were examined through scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal that the friction coefficient initially decreases and then increases with the increase of h‐BN content. The lowest friction coefficient (reduced from 0.118 to 0.088) and wear rate (reduced by 16.16% compared to the sample without h‐BN addition) is achieved with the addition of 0.05 wt% h‐BN. Additionally, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was conducted on the SiC balls to reveal the wear mechanism by analyzing the composition of the transfer film. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations revealed the movement and interactions of h‐BN and PTFE at different content. This study provides valuable guidance for the incorporation of h‐BN particles into PTFE composites.Highlights
The addition of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) enhanced the mechanical and tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites.
The effect of h‐BN on the transfer film was quantitatively analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and EDS.
Revealed the interaction mechanism between h‐BN particles and PTFE.
Study on the structure and γ‐ray shielding performance of polypropylene/PbO composites with heterogeneous networks
Authors: Tian Bo , Zhao Jie , Zhou Na , Li Jinfeng , Fan Jizhuang , Du Yunchen , Zhao Hongtao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolymer‐based radiation shielding materials are receiving more and more interests due to their desirable advantages in lightweight and maneuverability. Herein, we employ polypropylene (PP) as the matrix to construct γ‐ray shielding composites through the embedment of PbO particles with a wet reaction melt blending method. From the changes in dynamic rheological behaviors and fracture surface of PP/PbO composite, it can be found that the gradient addition of PbO particles facilitates the formation of heterogeneous network structure with, and high PbO content may make the composites undergo a “liquid–solid” transition. Rheological temperature and time scanning show that both PbO content and heterogeneous network structure greatly contribute to the storage modulus (G') and thermal stability. The γ‐ray (137Cs) shielding tests manifest that BPP/PbO‐4 has the best shielding performance, whose thicknesses of half value layer (HVL) and tenth value layer (TVL) are 0.32 and 1.05 cm, respectively, obviously smaller than those shielding materials ever reported. The analyses on effective atomic number (Zeff) and effective electron density (NE) reveal that the good shielding performance of BPP/PbO‐4 benefits from its proper content and dispersion of PbO particles.
Engineering and physicochemical characterization of a novel, stable, symmetric bispecific antibody with dual target‐binding using a common light chain
Authors: Saito Seiji , Nakayama Makoto , Yamazaki Kaori , Miyamoto Yuya , Hiraishi Keiko , Tomioka Daisuke , Takagi‐Maeda Sayaka , Usami Katsuaki , Takahashi Nobuaki , Nara Shinji , Imai Eiichiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have emerged as a major class of antibody therapeutics owing to their substantial potential in disease treatment. While several BsAbs have been successfully approved in recent years, ongoing development efforts continue to focus on optimizing various BsAbs tailored to particular antigens and action mechanisms, aiming to achieve favorable physicochemical properties. BsAbs generally encounter challenges due to their unfavorable physicochemical characteristics and poor manufacturing efficiencies, highlighting the need for optimization to achieve reliable productivity and developability. Herein, we describe the development of a novel symmetric BsAb, REGULGENT™ (N‐term/C‐term), comprising two Fab domains, using a common light chain. The heavy chain fragment encoded two antigen‐binding determinants in one chain. The design and production of REGULGENT™ (N‐term/C‐term) are simple owing to the use of the same light chain, which does not induce heavy and light chain mispairing, frequently observed with the asymmetric BsAb format. REGULGENT™ (N‐term/C‐term) exhibited high expression and low aggregation characteristics during cell culture and stress treatment under low pH conditions. Differential scanning calorimetric data indicated that REGULGENT™ molecules had high conformational stability, similar to that of stabilized monoclonal antibodies. Surface plasmon resonance data showed that REGULGENT™ (N‐term/C‐term) could bind to two antigens simultaneously and exhibited a high affinity for two antigens. In summary, the symmetric BsAb format of REGULGENT™ confers its desirable IgG‐like physicochemical properties, thus making it an excellent candidate for commercial development. The findings demonstrate a novel BsAb with substantial development potential for clinical applications.
Substrate selectivity and inhibition of the human lysyl hydroxylase JMJD7
Authors: Bilgin Nurgül , Tumber Anthony , Dhingra Siddhant , Salah Eidarus , Al‐Salmy Aziza , Martín Sandra Pinzón , Wang Yicheng , Schofield Christopher J. , Mecinović Jasmin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractJumonji‐C (JmjC) domain‐containing protein 7 (JMJD7) is a human Fe(II) and 2‐oxoglutarate dependent oxygenase that catalyzes stereospecific C3‐hydroxylation of lysyl‐residues in developmentally regulated GTP binding proteins 1 and 2 (DRG1/2). We report studies exploring a diverse set of lysine derivatives incorporated into the DRG1 peptides as potential human JMJD7 substrates and inhibitors. The results indicate that human JMJD7 has a relatively narrow substrate scope beyond lysine compared to some other JmjC hydroxylases and lysine‐modifying enzymes. The geometrically constrained (E)‐dehydrolysine is an efficient alternative to lysine for JMJD7‐catalyzed C3‐hydroxylation. γ‐Thialysine and γ‐azalysine undergo C3‐hydroxylation, followed by degradation to formylglycine. JMJD7 also catalyzes the S‐oxidation of DRG1‐derived peptides possessing methionine and homomethionine residues in place of lysine. Inhibition assays show that DRG1 variants possessing cysteine/selenocysteine instead of the lysine residue efficiently inhibit JMJD7 via cross‐linking. The overall results inform on the substrate selectivity and inhibition of human JMJD7, which will help enable the rational design of selective small‐molecule and peptidomimetic inhibitors of JMJD7.
Holographic Duals of Symmetry Broken Phases
Authors: Antinucci Andrea , Benini Francesco , Rizi Giovanni 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA novel interpretation of Symmetry Topological Field Theories (SymTFTs) as theories of gravity is explored by proposing a holographic duality where the bulk SymTFT (with the gauging of a suitable Lagrangian algebra) is dual to the universal effective field theory (EFT) that describes spontaneous symmetry breaking on the boundary. The authors tested this conjecture in various dimensions and with many examples involving different continuous symmetry structures, including non‐Abelian and non‐invertible symmetries, as well as higher groups. For instance, many Abelian SymTFTs are found to be dual to free theories of Goldstone bosons or generalized Maxwell fields, while non‐Abelian SymTFTs relate to non‐linear sigma models with target spaces defined by the symmetry groups. The analysis is also extended to include the non‐invertible axial symmetry, which is shown to be dual to axion‐Maxwell theory, and a non‐Abelian 2‐group structure in four dimensions, deriving a new parity‐violating interaction that has implications for the low‐energy dynamics of QCD.
Spectrum‐Based Topological Indices and Their QSPR Studies of Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Pattabiraman K. , Danesh P. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSpectrum‐based topological indices (eigenvalue‐based topological indices), a valuable tool for analyzing molecular structure. These topological indices are metrics that reflect the inherent characteristics of chemical substances, were employed in conjunction with quantitative structure‐property relationship (QSPR) to investigate nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which are used toalleviate or eliminate pain sensations in affected areas. We have to use mathematica to compute various eigenvalue‐based indices and utilized statistical software to identify correlations between these indices and key physical properties of NSAIDs. The analysis revealed that specific indices, including index, index, index, and index exhibited strong associations with properties like complexity and refractivity, boiling point, polarity, and molar weight, respectively.
The “Power of Few” Phenomenon: The Sparse Case
Authors: Tran BaoLinh , Vu Van 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe “majority dynamics” process on a social network begins with an initial phase, where the individuals are split into two competing parties, Red and Blue. Every day, everyone updates their affiliation to match the majority among those of their friends. While studying this process on Erdös‐Rényi random graph (with constant density), the authors discovered the “Power of Few” phenomenon, showing that a very small advantage to one side already guarantees that everybody will unanimously join that side after just a few days with overwhelming probability. For example, when , then 10 extra members guarantee this unanimity with a 90% chance, regardless of the value of . In this article, we study this phenomenon for sparse random graphs. It is clear that below the connectivity threshold, the phenomenon ceases to hold, as the isolated vertices never change their colors. We show that it holds for every density above the threshold. To make the process more realistic, we also assume that individuals can randomly activate their accounts to post their opinions and observe their neighbors (just as we do on social media). We prove that the phenomenon is robust under this assumption. To motivate further research, we also state a number of open questions with supportive numerical experiments.
Can silvopasture with arboreal legumes increase root mass at deeper soil layers and improve soil aggregation?
Authors: de Lima Coêlho Diego , Dubeux José Carlos Batista , dos Santos Mércia Virginia Ferreira , de Mello Alexandre Carneiro Leão , da Cunha Márcio Vieira , de Freitas Erinaldo Viana , de Almeida Brivaldo Gomes , de Oliveira Apolinário Valéria Xavier , Ferraz André Pereira Freire , Simili Flávia Fernanda 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSilvopastoral system (SPS) is a multifunctional agroforestry practice. This study evaluate soil properties and root biomass under SPS in Pernambuco, Brazil. The experiment was established in 2011. The treatments were (1) monoculture signalgrass (MS) [Urochloa decumbens (Stapf.) R. D. Webster], (2) intercropped pasture of signalgrass with legume Gliricidia (SG) [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.], and (3) intercropped pasture of signalgrass with legume sabiá (SS) (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth). Treatments were allocated in randomized complete block design with three replications. Samples were collected at 0‐ to 10‐, 10‐ to 20‐, 20‐ to 40‐, 40‐ to 60‐, 60‐ to 80‐, 80‐ to 100‐, and 100‐ to 120‐cm soil depths. Soil samples were also taken from the native forest (NF) considered as a reference at the same Experimental Station. Legume SPS (SG and SS) presented greater root biomass per unit area compared to MS at 60‐ to 80‐cm depth (p < 0.05); however, MS had greater root biomass per hectare at the top layers. The average values of the weighted mean diameter of soil aggregates were 3.20, 3.19, 3.07, and 3.27 mm in MS, SG, SS, and NF, respectively, at 0‐ to 120‐cm depths. The SPS increased soil cation exchange capacity in deeper layers, indicating greater biological activity at greater depth. Grasslands and SPS store 235 Mg C ha−1 with 71% of that found in deeper layers (20–120 cm). SPS with signalgrass intercropped with arboreal legumes has potential to improve deep soil C storage and resilience of livestock systems in tropical regions.
A Canadian national study of provincial and territorial correctional workers' suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts
Authors: Ricciardelli R. , Carleton R. N. , Johnston M. S. , Dorniani S. , Taillieu T. L. , Afifi T. O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCorrectional workers (CWs) endure several operational stressors (e.g., exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events) and organisational stressors (e.g., shift work, staff shortages), which are associated with positive screens for mental disorders and self‐reports of suicidal behaviours and thus urgently warrant further inquiry. The Canadian Provincial and Territorial Correctional Worker Mental Health and Well‐Being Study (CWMH) used an online survey to collect data from Canadian correctional service organisations across all 13 provinces and territories. This national Canadian study investigates suicidal behaviours among CWs across diverse occupational roles and provincial and territorial jurisdictions (n = 3740, 50.1% female). The results estimated prevalence proportions for self‐reported past‐year and lifetime suicidal thoughts, planning, and attempts across the 13 Canadian provincial and territorial correctional systems, with the exceptions of past‐year suicidal planning in Alberta, Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, and Yukon where jurisdictional considerations and requests precluded the inclusion of select questions. Substantial proportions of participants reported past‐year or lifetime suicidal ideation (i.e., 9.1%, 29.2%, respectively), planning (i.e., 4.1%, 14.7%, respectively), or attempts (i.e., 0.8%, 7.2%, respectively). Sociodemographic variables (i.e., sex, age, marital status, total years of service, occupational category) were associated with past‐year and lifetime suicidal behaviours. Findings provide opportunities for future research and can inform tailored efforts by clinicians, service providers, and organisational leaders to support proactive interventions and treatments, including supporting the partners and families of CWs, fostering social support networks, and improving access to timely mental health treatment.
Gender and racial minorities on corporate boards: How board faultlines and CEO‐minority director overlap affect firm performance
Authors: Mendiratta Esha , Tasheva Sabina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryIn this article, we examine the multidimensional and multilevel nature of diversity in the context of corporate boards. Using the concept of faultlines, we argue that when gender and racial background aligns with human capital attributes of board members, faultlines may be formed with negative implications for firm performance. However, the potential negative impact of faultlines can be alleviated by overlaps in the characteristics of the CEO and minority directors. Specifically, we find that higher overlaps in tenure and personal range of functional experiences help overcome some of the disadvantages that minority directors face and moderate the relationship between board faultline strength and firm performance. Empirical tests using 14 years data on 262 firms belonging to S&P500 index largely support our theoretical ideas.Managerial SummaryBoards often suffer from unhealthy team dynamics. In this article, we explore how alignment of board members' attributes may lead to potential subgroup formation within boards. Specifically, we examine how, under existing pressures to increase demographic diversity on corporate boards, alignment of human capital characteristics with gender and racial minority status may lead to the formation of board faultlines that negatively influence firm performance. Our results suggest that the CEO plays a pivotal role in overcoming negative consequences of board faultlines by utilizing shared tenure on board and common functional experiences with minority board members. Our research suggests that board selection needs to focus beyond scrutinizing individual‐level human capital and instead understand alignments of directors' profiles that enable optimal board functioning.
Feasibility of lung lobectomy through a transdiaphragmatic approach in dogs
Authors: Rico‐Holgado Samuel , Fontalba‐Navas Jose Luis , Fabregas‐Mena Marta , Matres‐Lorenzo Luis , Calvo Ignacio , Rodriguez‐Quiros Jesus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundDifferent pulmonary pathologies may require a partial or total lung lobectomy as treatment. This study compared two techniques for performing a caudal pulmonary lobectomy: a traditional lateral thoracotomy (LT) and a novel transdiaphragmatic (TD) approach.MethodsTD and LT approaches were performed on each of 18 canine cadavers. The operator and order of intervention were randomised at the beginning of the study. To compare both techniques, surgical time, percentage of area of lobe removed, incision length and iatrogenic damage were recorded.ResultsThe mean length of surgery for the TD approach (1155 ± 232.8 seconds) was non‐inferior to the LT approach (1126.8 ± 180.6 seconds) (p = 0.6131). The mean percentage of the area of caudal lobe that was successfully removed during the TD approach was 25.83 ± 8.95% (range 10.55‒40.72%) of the lobe surface, while 100% of the caudal lobe was removed during the LT approach. There was no statistical difference in iatrogenic damage between the procedures.LimitationsThis is a non‐inferiority ex vivo study carried out by three different surgeons, and no leak test was performed after lobectomies.ConclusionPartial caudal lung lobectomy can be performed in dogs by the TD approach without greater iatrogenic damage or longer surgical duration than the traditional LT approach.
Treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent through combined aerobic and anaerobic suspended fixed‐bed bioreactor
Authors: Pant Apourv , Dwivedi Anuj Kumar , Murasingh Surajit , Singh Deepak , Mayank Muskan , Ojha Chandra Shekhar Prasad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study explored using ultrafiltration (UF) membranes to treat pulp and paper mill wastewater, implementing a novel Taguchi experimental design to optimize operating conditions for pollutant removal and minimal membrane fouling. Researchers examined four factors: pH, temperature, transmembrane pressure, and volume reduction factor (VRF), each at three levels. Optimal conditions (pH 10, 25°C, 6 bar, VRF 3) led to a 35% reduction in flux due to fouling and high pollutant rejections: total hardness (83%), sulfate (97%), spectral absorption coefficient (SAC254) (95%), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (89%). Conductivity had a lower rejection rate of 50%. Advanced imaging techniques like atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed reduced membrane fouling under these conditions. The Taguchi method effectively identified optimal conditions, significantly improving wastewater treatment efficiency and promoting environmental sustainability in the pulp and paper industry.Practitioner Points
This study optimized UF membrane conditions for pulp and paper mill wastewater, reducing fouling and enhancing pollutant removal, offering practical strategies for industrial treatment.
AFM and SEM provided key insights into membrane fouling and mitigation, promoting real‐time diagnosis and optimization for enhanced treatment efficiency.
Prioritizing anaerobic fixed‐bed systems in wastewater treatment is beneficial for achieving high COD removal efficiency. Optimizing hydraulic retention time (HRT) in these systems can further improve their overall effectiveness and sustainability.