bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling biophysical processes and water rights to simulate spatially distributed water use in an intensively managed hydrologic system
Authors: Han Bangshuai , Benner Shawn G. , Bolte John P. , Vache Kellie B. , Flores Alejandro N. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Humans have significantly altered the redistribution of water in intensively managed hydrologic systems, shifting the spatiotemporal patterns of surface water. Evaluating water availability requires integration of hydrologic processes and associated human influences. In this study, we summarize the development and evaluation of an extensible hydrologic model that explicitly integrates water rights to spatially distribute irrigation waters in a semi-arid agricultural region in the western US, using the Envision integrated modeling platform. The model captures both human and biophysical systems, particularly the diversion of water from the Boise River, which is the main water source that supports irrigated agriculture in this region. In agricultural areas, water demand is estimated as a function of crop type and local environmental conditions. Surface water to meet crop demand is diverted from the stream reaches, constrained by the amount of water available in the stream, the water-rights-appropriated amount, and the priority dates associated with particular places of use. Results, measured by flow rates at gaged stream and canal locations within the study area, suggest that the impacts of irrigation activities on the magnitude and timing of flows through this intensively managed system are well captured. The multi-year averaged diverted water from the Boise River matches observations well, reflecting the appropriation of water according to the water rights database. Because of the spatially explicit implementation of surface water diversion, the model can help diagnose places and times where water resources are likely insufficient to meet agricultural water demands, and inform future water management decisions.
Meteorological analysis of flash floods in Artvin (NE Turkey) on 24 August 2015
Authors: Baltaci Hakki 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. On 24 August 2015 intense rainfall episodes generated flash floods and landslides on the eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey. As a consequence of the heavy rainstorm activity over Artvin and its surroundings (NE Turkey), 11 people died and economic losses totaled a million dollars. Over the 6 h of the event (from 05:00 to 11:00 UTC), total accumulated rainfall amounts of 136, 64, and 109 mm were measured in the Hopa, Arhavi, and Borçka settlements of Artvin city, respectively. This study comprehensively investigates the meteorological characteristics of those flash floods. In terms of synoptic mechanisms, the cutoff surface low from the summer Asian monsoon settled over the eastern Black Sea. After two days of quasistationary conditions of this cyclone, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) reached 27.5 °C (1.5 °C higher than normal) and low-level moisture convergence developed. In addition, transfer of moisture by warm northerly flows from the Black Sea and relatively cool southerly flows from the land coasts of the Artvin district exacerbated the unstable conditions and thus played a significant role in the development of deep convective cells. Severe rainstorms as well as the slope instability of the region triggered landslides and worsened flood damages in the Artvin area. This study supports conventional weather analysis, satellite images, and forecast model output to alert forecasters to the potential for heavy rainfall.
Verzekering & mededinging: de gevolgen van het einde van de Groepsvrijstellingsverordening
Authors: Baak Gerard 
Published: July 2017

Verzekering & Mededinging: de gevolgen van het einde van de Groepsvrijstellingsverordening
In dit artikel wordt aandacht besteed aan de Groepsvrijstellingsverordening verzekeringen die op 31 maart 2017 is vervallen. De vraag die zal worden beantwoord, is wat de gevolgen van het verval van de Groepsvrijstellingsverordening zijn voor de toepassing van het mededingingsrecht in de verzekeringssector. Hoewel de keuze van de Europese Commissie gerechtvaardigd lijkt te zijn, resteren nog wel enkele onduidelijkheden, bijvoorbeeld met betrekking tot de opkomst van (samenwerking bij) big data en de afbakening van de relevante markt.
Une part d’héritage « objectif » du surréalisme au théâtre
Authors: Corvin Michel 
Published: July 2017

Ce document examine ce que peut être un héritage surréaliste aujourd’hui. Selon l’auteur, la destruction du théâtre opérée par le surréalisme est productrice, dynamique et créatrice, si bien qu’on ne peut cerner ou évaluer le statut original du théâtre surréaliste qu’en considérant ce qui l’a suivi. L’auteur cherche ainsi chez Handke, Vinaver, Strauss et Schimmelpfennig, entre autres, certaines analogies avec le surréalisme. Ce serait, au théâtre, un legs « objectif » consenti dans les domaines de la fable, du personnage et du dialogue.
La judiciarisation de l’itinérance à Montréal : les dérives sécuritaires de la gestion pénale de la pauvreté
Authors: Bellot Céline , Sylvestre Marie-Ève 
Published: July 2017

Partant d’une présentation des perspectives théoriques sur la judiciarisation des problèmes sociaux et de l’espace public, le présent article a pour objet d’exposer les résultats de recherches sur la judiciarisation de l’itinérance à Montréal. Grâce à l’extraction de données à la Cour municipale de Montréal, entre les années 1994 et 2010, ces recherches ont permis d’appréhender l’ampleur et le parcours des contraventions délivrées à la population itinérante montréalaise, en vertu des réglementations municipales. Il s’agira ainsi de présenter l’évolution du recours à la contraventionnalisation, les motifs des infractions, les caractéristiques des personnes judiciarisées, ainsi que le parcours des contraventions, de leur délivrance à l’éventuel emprisonnement du contrevenant pour non-paiement de l’amende. Enfin, l’article cherchera à montrer les effets négatifs de la judiciarisation tant pour les personnes en situation d’itinérance que pour le système pénal dans son ensemble.
(Re)penser l’accès aux espaces intimes en contexte de handicap intellectuel : une question de droit et de participation sociale
Authors: Pariseau-Legault Pierre , Holmes Dave 
Published: July 2017

En contexte de handicap, la question de l’accès est constituée généralement de l’éventail des aménagements individuels et collectifs nécessaires afin de faciliter l’occupation d’espaces publics. A contrario, peu de choses sont dites à propos des aménagements possibles et potentiels requis afin de sécuriser l’espace privé des personnes identifiées comme ayant un handicap intellectuel. Ce sont pourtant ces lieux intimes, au sein desquels se développent et se déploient l’identité et l’expression affectives, qui sont susceptibles de contribuer à une reconnaissance plus soutenue de l’identité affective et de la citoyenneté sexuelle de ces personnes. Inspirée par les théories d’Erving Goffman et de Michel Foucault, une analyse phénoménologique interprétative (API) fut réalisée auprès des personnes ayant un handicap intellectuel et de leurs proches aidants afin d’explorer cette situation. Nos constats préliminaires suggèrent l’existence d’un processus de négociation complexe des acteurs, des lieux et des moments nécessaires afin de favoriser le développement de la vie affective et sexuelle. De ce fait, trois modes d’existence semblent cohabiter au sein d’une matrice complexe : la dépossession, l’habitation et l’occupation des espaces de socialisation et d’expression affective. Il est proposé d’aborder cette problématique en tant que dynamique géopolitique intégrant les processus d’exclusion des pratiques sexuelles des espaces privés, leur projection dans des espaces publics et, finalement, la juxtaposition de ces deux sphères, publique et privée dans des espaces mixtes. Nous discuterons enfin des implications de cette réflexion sur la « question de l’accès » et sur les politiques publiques visant à diminuer la discrimination systémique ciblant les personnes identifiées comme ayant un handicap intellectuel.
Le Programme d’accompagnement justice-itinérance à la cour municipale de Montréal (PAJIC) : un tribunal spécialisé ancré dans le communautaire
Authors: Fortin Véronique , Raffestin Isabelle 
Published: July 2017

Dans cet article, nous exposons d’abord les objectifs du Programme d’accompagnement justice-itinérance à la cour municipale de Montréal (PAJIC), son histoire et son fonctionnement actuel. Nous traçons ensuite les liens entre ce Programme et la première étude sur la judiciarisation de l’itinérance à Montréal, en soulignant que dans le monde des tribunaux spécialisés, le PAJIC est un programme à part, notamment en raison de sa flexibilité et de son ancrage dans le milieu communautaire. Nous précisons enfin les défis auxquels le PAJIC fait face, en tant que réponse individuelle à la judiciarisation des personnes en situation d’itinérance.
A longitudinal study of the diabetic skin and wound microbiome
Authors: Gardiner Melissa , Vicaretti Mauro , Sparks Jill , Bansal Sunaina , Bush Stephen , Liu Michael , Darling Aaron , Harry Elizabeth , Burke Catherine M. 
Published: July 2017

Background
Type II diabetes is a chronic health condition which is associated with skin conditions including chronic foot ulcers and an increased incidence of skin infections. The skin microbiome is thought to play important roles in skin defence and immune functioning. Diabetes affects the skin environment, and this may perturb skin microbiome with possible implications for skin infections and wound healing. This study examines the skin and wound microbiome in type II diabetes.

Methods
Eight type II diabetic subjects with chronic foot ulcers were followed over a time course of 10 weeks, sampling from both foot skin (swabs) and wounds (swabs and debrided tissue) every two weeks. A control group of eight control subjects was also followed over 10 weeks, and skin swabs collected from the foot skin every two weeks. Samples were processed for DNA and subject to 16S rRNA gene PCR and sequencing of the V4 region.

Results
The diabetic skin microbiome was significantly less diverse than control skin. Community composition was also significantly different between diabetic and control skin, however the most abundant taxa were similar between groups, with differences driven by very low abundant members of the skin communities. Chronic wounds tended to be dominated by the most abundant skin Staphylococcus, while other abundant wound taxa differed by patient. No significant correlations were found between wound duration or healing status and the abundance of any particular taxa.

Discussion
The major difference observed in this study of the skin microbiome associated with diabetes was a significant reduction in diversity. The long-term effects of reduced diversity are not yet well understood, but are often associated with disease conditions.
The time-course of broiler intestinal microbiota development after administration of cecal contents to incubating eggs
Authors: Donaldson Erin E. , Stanley Dragana , Hughes Robert J. , Moore Robert J. 
Published: July 2017

Background
The microbial populations that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are known to influence the health and growth performance of the host. Clean hatcheries and machine-based incubation practices in the commercial poultry industry can lead to the acquisition of aberrant microbiota in the GIT of chickens and a very high level of bird-to-bird variation. The lack of microbial profile flock uniformity presents challenges for harnessing and manipulating intestinal bacteria to better serve the host.

Methods
Cecal contents from high or low performing chickens were used to inoculate the surface of eggs prior to hatching and then the initial gut colonisation was monitored and subsequent changes in gut microbiota composition were followed over time. Two different cecal treatment groups were compared to an untreated control group (n = 32). Bacterial communities were characterised using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques.

Results
Cecal microbiota transfer via egg surface application did not transfer the performance profile of the donors to the recipient birds. One of the cecal inoculations provided a more uniform gut microbiota, but this was not reproduced in the second group with a different inoculum. Development of the intestinal community was reproducible in all three groups with some genera like Lactobacillus showing no change, others like Faecalibacterium increased in abundance slowly and steadily over time and others like Enterobacter were abundant only in the first days of life.

Discussion
The cecal treatment reduced bird-to-bird variation in microbiota composition. Although the high FCR performance of donor birds was not transferred with the cecal microbiota, all three groups, including the control, performed better than standard for the breed. The pattern of microbiota development was similar in all three flocks, indicating that the normal processes of microbiota acquisition largely swamped any effect of the cecal material applied to eggs.
Sensitivity of simulated convection‐driven stratosphere‐troposphere exchange in WRF‐Chem to the choice of physical and chemical parameterization
Authors: Phoenix Daniel B. , Homeyer Cameron R. , Barth Mary C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTropopause‐penetrating convection is capable of rapidly transporting air from the lower troposphere to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), where it can have important impacts on chemistry, the radiative budget, and climate. However, obtaining in situ measurements of convection and convective transport is difficult and such observations are historically rare. Modeling studies, on the other hand, offer the advantage of providing output related to the physical, dynamical, and chemical characteristics of storms and their environments at fine spatial and temporal scales. Since these characteristics of simulated convection depend on the chosen model design, we examine the sensitivity of simulated convective transport to the choice of physical (bulk microphysics or BMP and planetary boundary layer or PBL) and chemical parameterizations in the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem). In particular, we simulate multiple cases where in situ observations are available from the recent (2012) Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment. Model output is evaluated using ground‐based radar observations of each storm and in situ trace gas observations from two aircraft operated during the DC3 experiment. Model results show measurable sensitivity of the physical characteristics of a storm and the transport of water vapor and additional trace gases into the UTLS to the choice of BMP. The physical characteristics of the storm and transport of insoluble trace gases are largely insensitive to the choice of PBL scheme and chemical mechanism, though several soluble trace gases (e.g., SO2, CH2O, and HNO3) exhibit some measurable sensitivity.
Tidal cycle control of biogeochemical and ecological properties of a macrotidal ecosystem
Authors: Cadier Mathilde , Gorgues Thomas , LHelguen Stéphane , Sourisseau Marc , Memery Laurent 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn some regions, tidal energy can be a key factor in the generation of variability in physical and biogeochemical properties throughout the water column. We use a numerical model resolving tidal cycles and simulating diversity in phytoplankton to assess the impact of tidal mixing on vertical stability and phytoplankton community (total biomass and diversity) in a macrotidal sea (Iroise Sea, France). Two different time scales have been considered: semidiurnal and spring/neap tidal cycles. Our results show that the latter is the one primarily influencing the phytoplankton growth conditions by modifying the vertical stratification. During spring tide, the growth is rather light limited, whereas neap tide conditions lead to vertical stabilization and better light conditions in the shallow surface layer. The transition from high to low tidal mixing conditions is thus associated with a total phytoplankton biomass increase (caused by the rapid development of fast‐growing diatoms) and reduced phytoplankton diversity.
Managed aquifer recharge through off‐season irrigation in agricultural regions
Authors: Niswonger Richard G. , Morway Eric D. , Triana Enrique , Huntington Justin L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOptions for increasing reservoir storage in developed regions are limited and prohibitively expensive. Projected increases in demand call for new long‐term water storage to help sustain agriculture, municipalities, industry, and ecological services. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is becoming an integral component of water resources around the world. However, MAR faces challenges, including infrastructure costs, difficulty in enhancing recharge, water quality issues, and lack of available water supplies. Here we examine, through simulation modeling of a hypothetical agricultural subbasin in the western U.S., the potential of agricultural managed aquifer recharge (Ag‐MAR) via canal seepage and off‐season field irrigation. Weather phenomenon in many regions around the world exhibit decadal and other multiyear cycles of extreme precipitation. An ongoing challenge is to develop approaches to store greater amounts of water during these events. Simulations presented herein incorporate Ag‐MAR programs and demonstrate that there is potential to enhance regional recharge by 7–13%, increase crop consumptive use by 9–12%, and increase natural vegetation consumption by 20–30%, where larger relative increases occur for lower aquifer hydraulic conductivity and higher specific yield values. Annual increases in groundwater levels were 7 m, and sustained levels following several years of drought were greater than 2 m. Results demonstrate that Ag‐MAR has great potential to enhance long‐term sustainability of water resources in agricultural basins.
Toward best practice framing of uncertainty in scientific publications: A review of Water Resources Research abstracts
Authors: Guillaume Joseph H. A. , Helgeson Casey , Elsawah Sondoss , Jakeman Anthony J. , Kummu Matti 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUncertainty is recognized as a key issue in water resources research, among other sciences. Discussions of uncertainty typically focus on tools and techniques applied within an analysis, e.g., uncertainty quantification and model validation. But uncertainty is also addressed outside the analysis, in writing scientific publications. The language that authors use conveys their perspective of the role of uncertainty when interpreting a claim—what we call here “framing” the uncertainty. This article promotes awareness of uncertainty framing in four ways. (1) It proposes a typology of eighteen uncertainty frames, addressing five questions about uncertainty. (2) It describes the context in which uncertainty framing occurs. This is an interdisciplinary topic, involving philosophy of science, science studies, linguistics, rhetoric, and argumentation. (3) We analyze the use of uncertainty frames in a sample of 177 abstracts from the Water Resources Research journal in 2015. This helped develop and tentatively verify the typology, and provides a snapshot of current practice. (4) We make provocative recommendations to achieve a more influential, dynamic science. Current practice in uncertainty framing might be described as carefully considered incremental science. In addition to uncertainty quantification and degree of belief (present in ∼5% of abstracts), uncertainty is addressed by a combination of limiting scope, deferring to further work (∼25%) and indicating evidence is sufficient (∼40%)—or uncertainty is completely ignored (∼8%). There is a need for public debate within our discipline to decide in what context different uncertainty frames are appropriate. Uncertainty framing cannot remain a hidden practice evaluated only by lone reviewers.
Status Offenses
Authors: Ayers Elizabeth K. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Status offenses are non‐criminal infractions that are offenses simply because of the offender's age. In the United States, where the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) of 1974 created guidelines on how to process youths for their non‐criminal behavior, status offenses still largely fall under the purview of the juvenile justice system. States typically can take three approaches to dealing with status offenders: treatment, deterrence, or normalization. Current research is sharply divided as to whether the deterrence or normalization approach is best.
S
witzerland, Corrections in
Authors: Bauch Elisabeth , Endrass Jérôme 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The best method of ensuring public safety is a widely debated issue among researchers, politicians, and society as a whole. Switzerland uses an approach combining punitive and rehabilitative interventions by its correctional system to address the challenges presented by criminality. In Switzerland, the prison population comprised 87 out of every 100,000 inhabitants in 2012. In that same year, a total of 7,072 people were imprisoned in Swiss correctional institutions and of those 81 participated in an offense related treatment program. In 2013, occupancy rates in Swiss prisons exceeded the maximum, making prison overcrowding one of the most serious problems faced by the correctional system.
S
cared
S
traight
Authors: Petrosino Anthony , MacDougall Pamela 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Scared Straight is a program that brings juveniles to correctional facilities to interact with inmates. This program is designed to deter future delinquency and crime by juvenile participants by depicting the harshness of prison life. The original program in New Jersey, run by men serving a life sentence at Rahway State Prison, was the subject of an award‐winning documentary that spurred wide interest by jurisdictions in implementing it. Several iterations of the New Jersey program have been implemented, and later versions have been less harsh and more educational. The program became widely popular during the late 1970s–1980s due to its low cost and perceived effectiveness. Subsequent research has shown that Scared Straight and other similar programs are ineffective and likely increase juvenile recidivism rates. Despite this mounting skepticism, however, Scared Straight remains a popular option that local jurisdictions implement in an attempt to address juvenile crime.
Rolland:Descent into Madness
Authors: Bounds Christopher W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDescent into Madnessis a book by Mike Rolland, an inmate at the Penitentiary of New Mexico State Prison (PNMSP) during the riot of 1980. The book includes a foreword written by Mark Colvin, a sociologist, who reviews the historical and social causes that preceded the riot. Colvin presents a theoretical framework for the event by which to understand the lived experiences of the inmate Mike Rolland. Together, Mike Rolland and Mark Colvin lay out the graphic details of how 33 inmates perished in one of America's bloodiest prison riots.
Victim Statements
Authors: Taylor Rae 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A victim statement is an oral or written statement addressed to a court and given by the victim of a crime after a defendant has been convicted and before sentencing occurs. Victims' rights, implemented at the state and federal levels since the 1980s, have included the right to be heard. The legality of victim statements has been a source of controversy since their implementation. Proponents have argued the importance of victims being heard and having an influence on the outcome of a case. Opponents have argued that any effect these statements have on a judge's sentence is inappropriate, if not unconstitutional.