bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slug ascent and associated stresses during strombolian activity with non‐Newtonian rheology
Authors: von der Lieth Jost , Hort Matthias 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStrombolian activity is generally assumed to be driven by overpressurized gas slugs that rise through the magma‐filled volcanic conduit and burst at the surface. We develop an analytical model for this process that incorporates a generic, depth‐dependent, and non‐Newtonian magma rheology. Our model also describes the film draining after the burst and allows for the computation of the stresses exerted on the conduit walls using a new analytical solution for the thickness of an annular film flow. Using Stromboli volcano, Italy, as reference, it was evaluated with a specifically designed, non‐Newtonian rheological model based on petrochemical data. The results show the importance of using a realistic magma viscosity model when modeling the slug ascent: A 100 kg gas slug attains its maximum overpressure of 2.1 bars about 40 s before it rapidly expands and finally bursts at only 1.4 bars. This preburst pressure drop is not reproduced by constant viscosity models. The normal stresses on the conduit wall are generally dilatational above and adjacent to the slug and constrictive below it and after the burst. In both cases their maximum values exceed 3 bars, whereas the shear stresses stay negligible. Furthermore, it was found that the slug needs to start deeper than 25 m to build up its full burst pressure. At greater depth, the burst pressure decreases because of the adiabatic slug gas. Finally, a viscous plug at the top of the conduit is shown to increase the explosive potential of the volcano significantly.
Characteristics of solar wind control on Jovian UV auroral activity deciphered by long‐term Hisaki EXCEED observations: Evidence of preconditioning of the magnetosphere?
Authors: Kita Hajime , Kimura Tomoki , Tao Chihiro , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Misawa Hiroaki , Sakanoi Takeshi , Kasaba Yasumasa , Murakami Go , Yoshioka Kazuo , Yamazaki Atsushi , Yoshikawa Ichiro , Fujimoto Masaki 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWhile the Jovian magnetosphere is known to have the internal source for its activity, it is reported to be under the influence of the solar wind as well. Here we report the statistical relationship between the total power of the Jovian ultraviolet aurora and the solar wind properties found from long‐term monitoring by the spectrometer EXCEED (Extreme Ultraviolet Spectroscope for Exospheric Dynamics) on board the Hisaki satellite. Superposed epoch analysis indicates that auroral total power increases when an enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure hits the magnetosphere. Furthermore, the auroral total power shows a positive correlation with the duration of a quiescent interval of the solar wind that is present before a rise in the dynamic pressure, more than with the amplitude of dynamic pressure increase. These statistical characteristics define the next step to unveil the physical mechanism of the solar wind control on the Jovian magnetospheric dynamics.
Detectability of temporal changes in fine structures near the inner core boundary beneath the eastern hemisphere
Authors: Yu W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe inner core boundary (ICB), where melting and solidification of the core occur, plays a crucial role in the dynamics of the Earth's interior. To probe temporal changes near the ICB beneath the eastern hemisphere, I analyze differential times of PKiKP (dt(PKiKP)), double differential times of PKiKP‐PKPdf, and PKiKP coda waves from repeating earthquakes in the southwest Pacific subduction zones. dt(PKiKP) values are mostly within ±30 ms of one another, without systematic temporal dependence. Some observations of PKiKP coda waves have absolute time shifts of >50 ms relative to their main phases. The combination of temporal changes in PKiKP coda arrivals and negligible changes in PKiKP arrivals favors a smooth ICB with fine‐scale structures in the upper inner core. dt(PKiKP) values are interpreted in the context of melting‐ or growth‐induced ICB topography, based on dynamic models. Uncertainties in dt(PKiKP) prevent verification of ICB melting or growth on decadal time scales.
Gun Violence in America – A Tri‐Vector Model
Authors: Taxman Jeffrey 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFirearms have been a part of United States' culture since America's birth. Gun violence – both heroic and horrific – has also been a long‐standing part of American culture. Over the past 20 years we have seen a rise of attempted mass shootings, called an ‘active shooter event’. The author presents a model with which to better understand the forces that may generate gun violence, particularly active shooter events, This model, called the Tri‐Vector Model, integrates strong developmental, cultural, and social forces, along with developmental neurophysiology, to explain what may lead certain individuals to believe their acts of gun violence are not only permissible but even heroic. In this paper the author presents this model as a way to better understand the etiology of rising gun violence in America, and to consider potential methods to decrease and prevent such violence.
Mimetic Muscles in a Despotic Macaque (Macaca mulatta) Differ from Those in a Closely Related Tolerant Macaque (M. nigra)
Authors: Burrows Anne M. , Waller Bridget M. , Micheletta Jérôme 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTFacial displays (or expressions) are a primary means of visual communication among conspecifics in many mammalian orders. Macaques are an ideal model among primates for investigating the co‐evolution of facial musculature, facial displays, and social group size/behavior under the umbrella of “ecomorphology”. While all macaque species share some social behaviors, dietary, and ecological parameters, they display a range of social dominance styles from despotic to tolerant. A previous study found a larger repertoire of facial displays in tolerant macaque species relative to despotic species. The present study was designed to further explore this finding by comparing the gross morphological features of mimetic muscles between the Sulawesi macaque (Macaca nigra), a tolerant species, and the rhesus macaque (M. mulatta), a despotic species. Five adult M. nigra heads were dissected and mimetic musculature was compared to those from M. mulatta. Results showed that there was general similarity in muscle presence/absence between the species as well as muscle form except for musculature around the external ear. M. mulatta had more musculature around the external ear than M. nigra. In addition, M. nigra lacked a zygomaticus minor while M. mulatta is reported to have one. These morphological differences match behavioral observations documenting a limited range of ear movements used by M. nigra during facial displays. Future studies focusing on a wider phylogenetic range of macaques with varying dominance styles may further elucidate the roles of phylogeny, ecology, and social variables in the evolution of mimetic muscles within Macaca Anat Rec, 299:1317–1324, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“By all means let us complete the exercise”: the 50‐year search for Lapita on Aneityum, southern Vanuatu and implications for other “gaps” in the Lapita distribution
Authors: BEDFORD STUART , SPRIGGS MATTHEW , SHING RICHARD 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTArchaeological research on the island of Aneityum, the southernmost inhabited island of the Vanuatu archipelago (the former New Hebrides), began in 1963 under the direction of Richard and Mary Shutler. It was soon after this that William Dickinson began analysing pottery sherds from various sites across the archipelago. He ultimately went on to study hundreds of samples, including – most recently – 112 from the site of Teouma on Efate Island. Early pottery sites remained elusive in the southern islands for two decades after the Shutlers’ pioneering work and on Aneityum for nearly 50 years. Assessments of the island's geomorphology, a key aspect regularly emphasised by Dickinson, coupled with perseverance and some serendipitous test‐pitting finally led to the discovery of a Lapita site on Aneityum. Dickinson's petrographic expertise was once again called on some 50 years after research first started on the island, to contribute to initial identification of the site's significance. We examine the difficulty of finding Lapita on Aneityum through a historical lens in order to reflect back on other presumed Lapita “gaps” that remain today, such as in much of the main Solomons’ chain and – with one current exception – in Samoa. Perhaps the gaps in other regions are not as extensive as is often argued.
Simulation and visualization of adapting venation patterns
Authors: Alsweis Monssef , Deussenn Oliver , Liu Jia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper suggests a procedural biologically motivated method to simulate the development of leaf contours and the generation of different levels of leaf venation systems. Leaf tissue is regarded as a viscous, incompressible fluid whose 2D expansion is determined by a spatially varying growth rate. Visually realistic development is described by a growth function relative elementary growth rate that reacts to hormone (Auxin) sources embedded in the leaf blade. The shape of the leaf is determined by a set of feature points at the leaf contour. The contour is extracted from images utilizing the curvature scale space corner detection algorithm. Auxin transport is described by an initial Auxin flow from a source to a sink that is gradually channelized into cells with large amounts of highly polarized transporters. The proposed model simulates leaf forms ranging from simple shapes to lobed leaves. The third level of venation system is generated using centroidal Voronoi tessellations and minimum spanning trees, whereas the size of each cell within the Voronoi‐diagram is related to the involved quantity of Auxin. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blinatumomab may induce graft versus host leukemia in patients with pre‐B ALL relapsing after hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Khan Muhammad Waqas , Gul Zartash 
Published: June 2016

Key Clinical MessageBlinatumomab, a bispecific T‐cell engager monoclonal antibody used to manage Philadelphia chromosome‐negative relapsed or refractory B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can be used to treat patients by inducing graft versus leukemia reaction post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a feature which it was post allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, a feature which this drug was not aimed to do.
Electronic Structure of Manganese Complexes of the Redox‐Non‐innocent Tetrazene Ligand and Evidence for the Metal‐Azide/Imido Cycloaddition Intermediate
Authors: Vaddypally Shivaiah , McKendry Ian G. , Tomlinson Warren , Hooper Joseph P. , Zdilla Michael J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe first synthetic manganese tetrazene complexes are described as a redox pair comprising anionic [Mn(N4Ad2)2]− (1) and neutral Mn(N4Ad2)2 (2) complexes (N4Ad2=[Ad‐N−N=N−N‐Ad]2−). Compound 1 is obtained in two forms as lithium salts, one as a cationic Li2Mn cluster, and one as a Mn–Li 1D ionic polymer. Compound 1 is electronically described as a MnIII center with two [N4Ad2]2− ligands. The one‐electron oxidized 2 is crystalized in two morphologies, one as pure 2 and one as an acetonitrile adduct. Despite similar composition, the behavior of 2 differs in the two morphologies. Compound 2‐MeCN is relatively air and temperature stable. Crystalline 2, on the other hand, exhibits a compositional, dynamic disorder wherein the tetrazene metallacycle ring‐opens into a metal imide/azide complex detectable by X‐ray crystallography and FTIR spectroscopy. Electronic structure of 2 was examined by EPR and XPS spectroscopies and DFT calculations, which indicate 2 is best described as a MnIII ion with an anion radical delocalized across the two ligands through spin‐polarization effects.
An improved anonymity model for big data security based on clustering algorithm
Authors: Yin Chunyong , Zhang Sun , Xi Jinwen , Wang Jin 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe accumulation of massive data generates the new concept of big data. The relationships hidden in big data can bring great benefits, which have attracted public attentions. Meanwhile, the challenges of big data security are also more serious than ever. Privacy disclosure is one of the most concerned problems, and the privacy protection of big data is more difficult than traditional information protection. The technology of data publishing anonymous protection can provide privacy protection with the respect of data releasing. K‐anonymity and L‐diversity are two kinds of anonymity model. Their main idea is to generalize the value of quasi‐identifier and make the data accord with the model. In this paper, we propose the improved model which integrate K‐anonymity with L‐diversity and can solve the problem of imbalanced sensitive attribute distribution. K‐member clustering algorithm can translate the problem of anonymity into the problem of clustering and find a set of equivalence classes in which the records will be generalized to the same value. We utilize K‐member clustering algorithm to realize the improved anonymity model which can reduce the algorithm execution time and information loss. The integration of anonymity model and clustering algorithm makes the generalization process more efficient, which is particularly important for big data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of GATA‐3 in the work‐Up of breast adenocarcinoma and its differential diagnosis in serous effusions:
Authors: El Hag Mohamed I. , Ha Jennifer , Farag Rosemary , El Hag Amani M. , Michael Claire W. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundGATA‐3 is a transcription factor involved in human tissue growth and differentiation. It is a potential marker for breast carcinoma origin in metastasis and predictive of good prognosis. We aim to evaluate the role of GATA3 in determining the breast origin of metastatic adenocarcinoma in malignant effusions using immunohistochemistry on cell‐block microarray in comparison with ER and PR results.MethodsCell blocks from 100 cases of malignant and reactive serous effusions with confirmed diagnosis were selected; 28 mammary carcinomas, 64 extra‐mammary adenocarcinomas (gastrointestinal, pulmonary, gynecologic), and 8 reactive mesothelium proliferation as control. Immunohistochemistry on cell‐block microarray was used. Microarray slides were stained for GATA‐3, ER and PR. Nuclear staining of >1% was considered positive.ResultsGATA3, ER and PR were positive in 25 (89%), 20 (71%) and 16 (57%) of breast carcinoma cases, respectively. All non‐breast cancer cases were negative for GATA‐3 with the exception of one Müllerian adenocarcinoma (1.6%). The calculated sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of GATA3 reactivity in determining the breast origin of metastatic adenocarcinoma was 89.3% (95% CI: 71.7–97.7%), 98.6% (95% CI: 91.6–99.9%) and 96.2% (95% CI: 80.4–99.9%), respectively. GATA3 positivity was associated with ER or PR positivity in 84% of cases.ConclusionsGATA3 is a useful marker in determining the breast origin of metastatic adenocarcinoma in malignant serous effusions. Reactivity to GATA3 may indicate good prognosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:731–736. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zebrafish lines expressing UAS‐driven red probes for monitoring cytoskeletal dynamics
Authors: Mizoguchi Takamasa , Kawakami Koichi , Itoh Motoyuki 
Published: June 2016

AbstractActin filaments and microtubules are principal components of the cytoskeleton that regulate the basic cellular phenomena underlying many fundamental cellular processes. Therefore, analyzing their dynamics in living cells is important for understanding cellular events more precisely. In this article, we report two novel transgenic zebrafish lines expressing red fluorescent proteins tagged with Lifeact or EB1 that interact with actin filaments and microtubule plus ends, respectively, under the control of the GAL4‐UAS system. Using these transgenic lines, we could detect F‐actin and microtubule plus end dynamics in specific tissues of living zebrafish embryos by crossing with GAL4 driver lines. In addition, we could achieve multi‐color imaging using these transgenic lines with GFP‐expressing transgenic lines. Therefore, our transgenic lines that carry UAS‐driven red fluorescent cytoskeletal probes are useful tools for analyzing spatiotemporal changes of the cytoskeletal elements using multicolor live imaging.
Gastropods slow down succession and maintain diversity in cryptogam communities
Authors: Boch Steffen , Prati Daniel , Fischer Markus 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHerbivore effects on diversity and succession were often studied in plants, but not in cryptogams. Besides direct herbivore effects on cryptogams, we expected indirect effects by changes in competitive interactions among cryptogams. Therefore, we conducted a long‐term gastropod exclusion experiment testing for grazing effects on epiphytic cryptogam communities. We estimated the grazing damage, cover and diversity of cryptogams before gastropods were excluded and three and six years thereafter. Gastropod herbivory pronouncedly affected cryptogams, except for bryophytes, strongly depending on host tree species and duration of gastropod exclusion. On control trees, gastropod grazing regulated the growth of algae and non‐lichenized fungi and thereby maintained a high lichen diversity and cover. On European beech, the release from gastropod grazing temporarily increased lichen vitality, cover, and species richness, but later caused rapid succession where algae and fungi overgrew lichens and thereby reduced their cover and diversity compared with the control. On Norway spruce, without gastropods lichen richness decreased and lichen cover increased compared with the control. Our findings highlight the importance of long‐term exclusion experiments to disentangle short‐term, direct effects from longer‐term, indirect effects via changes in competitive relationships between taxa. We further demonstrated that gastropod feeding maintains the diversity of cryptogam communities.
The effect of spatial scale on relative influences of assembly processes in temperate stream fish assemblages
Authors: Geheber Aaron D. , Geheber Philip Keel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how biotic and abiotic processes influence community assembly is a fundamental aim in ecology. Although spatial scales at which communities are studied may affect the relative importance of such assembly processes, spatial influences on community assembly have not been thoroughly addressed. We tested how spatial scale affects inferences of habitat filtering and competitive exclusion assembly processes in darter (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) assemblages across four temperate stream systems. We predicted competitive exclusion would influence assembly in fine‐scale assemblages, and habitat filtering would be more influential as spatial scale increased. Moreover, we assumed that habitat heterogeneity would increase with scale, and consequently alleviate direct competitive exclusion acting at finer scales. Using a framework that incorporated genetic relatedness, morphological traits, and habitat use among co‐occurring darter species, we identified ecological and evolutionary patterns of structure, which allowed us to elucidate processes of assembly. Based on phylogenetic structure, assemblages showed an increase in habitat filtering (i.e., increased phylogenetic clustering) as we scaled up from fine to intermediate assemblages; however, we found mixed signals for habitat filtering and competitive exclusion at the broadest spatial scale. While habitat filtering was found to have an overall high relative importance during assembly, we also found influence of competitive exclusion processes based on limited morphological similarity among co‐occurring species. Our results generally support an increased influence of habitat filtering processes in broader scale assemblages. Moreover, we suggest that habitat filtering and competitive exclusion processes act simultaneously during assembly, although the relative influence of each process may be spatial‐scale dependent.
New York Heart Association functional class, QRS duration, and survival in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: implications for cardiac resychronization therapy
Authors: Braunschweig Frieder , Linde Cecilia , Benson Lina , Ståhlberg Marcus , Dahlström Ulf , Lund Lars H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimsSymptom severity assessed by NYHA functional class and QRS duration are essential criteria for selection of heart failure (HF) patients for CRT. This study assessed the relationship between NYHA class, QRS duration, and survival in a nationwide HF registry.Methods and resultsWe studied 13 423 patients with HF in NYHA class II–IV and LVEF <40% in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry. Survival was followed via the Swedish Population Registry. Of 12 534 patients without CRT (age 71 ± 12 years, 29% women), 51% and 49% were in NYHA class II and III–IV, respectively. Patients in NYHA class II compared with class III–IV were younger (69 vs. 73 years), and had a better systolic function (49% vs. 58% with LVEF <30%), P <0.001 for all, and a favourable co‐morbidity profile. QRS duration was 116 ± 29 ms in NYHA class II and 119 ± 29 ms in NYHA class III–IV with QRS ≥120 ms found in 37% vs. 44%, and an LBBB in 23% vs. 28% (P < 0.001 for all). Upon multivariable Cox regression adjusting for 40 clinically relevant variables, mortality risk was higher in NYHA class III–IV vs. class II, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–1.40. Mortality was also higher with QRS prolongation ≥120 ms vs. narrow QRS. The HR in NYHA class II patients with non‐LBBB was 1.19 (95% CI 1.05 − 1.36) and in those with LBBB it was 1.16 (95% CI 1.03–1.41). The corresponding HRs in NYHA class III–IV were 1.33 (95% CI 1.21–1.47) and 1.12 (95% CI 1.02–1.22). There was no significant interaction between the effects of NYHA class and QRS duration or morphology on mortality. Applying different scenarios to estimate guideline adherence, fewer patients with NYHA class II (range 14.4–42.6%) compared with NYHA class III–IV (18.0–45.4%) had received a CRT device when indicated.ConclusionsIn HF with reduced LVEF, QRS prolongation is common and independently linked to worse survival. The increase in mortality risk associated with QRS prolongation of both LBBB and non‐LBBB morphology is similar in NYHA class II and III–IV.
Fast Pyrolysis Oil Fuel Blend for Marine Vessels
Authors: Chong K.J. , Bridgwater A.V. 
Published: June 2016

The main driver for the investigation of fast pyrolysis oil marine fuel blends is EU directive 2012/33/EU which aims to cut the sulphur content of marine fuel and thereby reduce air pollution caused by marine vessels.The aim of this study was to investigate the miscibility of three‐ and four‐ component blends containing pyrolysis oil, 1‐butanol, biodiesel (RME) and/or marine gas oil (MGO). The ideal blend would be a stable homogenous product with a minimum amount of butanol, whilst maximising the amount of pyrolysis oil. A successful blend would have properties suitable for use in marine engines. In order to successfully utilise a marine fuel blend in commercial vessels it should meet minimum specification requirements such as a flash point ≥60°C.Blends of pyrolysis oil, RME, MGO and 1‐butanol were evaluated and characterised. The mixed blends were inspected after 48 hours for homogeneity and the results plotted on a tri‐plot phase diagram. Homogenous samples were tested for water content, pH, acid number, viscosity and flash point as these indicate a blend's suitability for engine testing.The work forms part of the ReShip Project which is funded by Norwegian industry partners and the Research Council of Norway (The ENERGIX programme). © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 677–684, 2017