bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of new measures of implicit knowledge: Distinguishing implicit knowledge from automatized explicit knowledge
Authors: SUZUKI YUICHI 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTAccumulating evidence suggests that time-pressured form-focused tasks like grammaticality judgment tests (GJTs) can measure second language (L2) implicit knowledge. The current paper, however, proposes that these tasks draw on automatized explicit knowledge. A battery of six grammar tests was designed to distinguish automatized explicit knowledge and implicit knowledge. While three time-pressured form-focused tasks (an auditory GJT, a visual GJT, and a fill in the blank test) were hypothesized to measure automatized explicit knowledge, three real-time comprehension tasks (a visual-world task, a word-monitoring task, and a self-paced reading task) were hypothesized to measure implicit knowledge. One hundred advanced L2 Japanese learners with first language Chinese residing in Japan took all six tests. Confirmatory factor analysis and multitrait-multimethod analysis provided an array of evidence supporting that these tests assessed two types of linguistic knowledge separately with little influence from the method effects. The results analyzed separately by length of residence in Japan (a proxy for the amount of naturalistic L2 exposure) showed that learners with longer residence in Japan can draw on implicit knowledge in the real-time comprehension tasks with more stability than those with shorter residence. These findings indicate the potential of finely tuned real-time comprehension tasks as measures of implicit knowledge.
The Coinage System in the Arthaśāstra and Commentarial Strategies in the Cāṇakyaṭīkā by Bhikṣu Prabhamati: Issues on the Textual Authority of Manu's Code
Authors: PETROCCHI ALESSANDRA 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTheCāṇakyaṭīkāby Bhikṣu Prabhamati is a Sanskrit commentary on theArthaśāstra(1st– 3rdcenturyce), the most celebrated Sanskrit text on governance. The Cāṇakyaṭīkā has not yet been fully studied nor translated into English. This paper presents the first English translation and analysis of the passages in which Prabhamati comments upon the activities of the “superintendent of the mint”(lakṣaṇādhyakṣa)and of the “examiner of coins” (rūpadarśaka). His exposition onArthaśāstra2.12.24–25 provides an interesting example of what can be defined as a “textual variation”; by means of commentarial techniques and literary devices the author stretches the structure of the root-text. On the basis of a broad analysis, this research demonstrates that the commentator quotes a passage on the coinage system from an unnamed source which, I shall argue, is the authoritative treatise on law Mānava Dharmaśāstra (2nd– 3rdcenturyce). This represents further evidence of the relationship between theArthaśāstraand Manu's code. Finally, I shall suggest Bhikṣu Prabhamati's date and place of origin.
Energy contribution of sugar-sweetened beverage refills at fast-food restaurants
Authors: Breck Andrew , Cantor Jonathan H , Elbel Brian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo identify demographic and consumer characteristics associated with refilling a soft drink at fast-food restaurants and the estimated energy content and volume of those refills.DesignLogistic and linear regression with cross-sectional survey data.SettingData include fast-food restaurant receipts and consumer surveys collected from restaurants in New York City (all boroughs except Staten Island), and Newark and Jersey City, New Jersey, during 2013 and 2014.SubjectsFast-food restaurant customers (n 11795) from ninety-eight restaurants.ResultsThirty per cent of fast-food customers ordered a refillable soft drink. Nine per cent of fast-food customers with a refillable soft drink reported refilling their beverage (3 % of entire sample). Odds of having a beverage refill were higher among respondents with a refillable soft drink at restaurants with a self-serve refill kiosk (adjusted OR (aOR)=7·37, P<0·001) or who ate in the restaurant (aOR=4·45, P<0·001). KFC (aOR=2·18, P<0·001) and Wendy’s (aOR=0·41, P<0·001) customers had higher and lower odds, respectively, of obtaining a refill, compared with Burger King customers. Respondents from New Jersey (aOR=1·47, P<0·001) also had higher odds of refilling their beverage than New York City customers. Customers who got a refill obtained on average 29 more ‘beverage ounces’ (858 ml) and 250 more ‘beverage calories’ (1046 kJ) than customers who did not get a refill.ConclusionsRefilling a beverage was associated with having obtained more beverage calories and beverage ounces. Environmental cues, such as the placement and availability of self-serve beverage refills, may influence consumer beverage choice.
Teaching an Old Material New Tricks: Easy and Inexpensive Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Sample Protection Using Conductive Polymers
Authors: Taillon Joshua A. , Ray Valery , Salamanca-Riba Lourdes G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis letter describes an innovative spin-coating system, built from off-the-shelf components, that can easily and inexpensively be integrated into any laboratory environment. Combined with a liquid suspension of conductive polymer, such a “rotary coater” enables simple coating of planar samples to create a physical protective barrier on the sample surface. This barrier aids in charge dissipation during scanning electron microscope and focused ion beam (FIB) imaging and provides wide-scale protection of the sample surface from ion bombardment during FIB imaging and gas-assisted deposition. This polymer layer replaces the localized and time-consuming electron beam deposition step typically performed during transmission electron microscopy lamella preparation. After observation, the coating can be easily removed, if desired. The described spin-coating procedure has minimal cost while providing repeatable positive results, without the need for expensive commercial coating instrumentation.
Inherent uncertainty involved in six-dimensional shift determination in ExacTrac imaging system
Authors: Giri Upendra Kumar , Pradhan Anirudh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted for the assessment of in-built systematic and random errors in the ExacTrac imaging system due to the software of Brainlab, on that basis; recommending a new quality control programme for ExacTrac imaging system.MethodsA program was developed to compare the image dataset of real time anthropomorphic pelvic phantom using ExacTrac with the reference image dataset from computed tomography. Images were acquired 20 times in a day, on single sitting for 20 conjugative days. On the basic of these translational and rotational shifts, systematic and random errors were calculated that had arisen due to multiple time image acquisition and image registration between acquired and reference image dataset of the phantom.ResultsRandom errors were found as 0·006 cm in right-left (Rt-Lt) direction, 0·008 cm in superior-inferior (Sup-Inf) direction and 0·012 cm in anterior-posterior (Ant-Post) direction. On this basic, margins were calculated using Van Herk formula; it was found that there were 0·02 cm inherent shift in Rt-Lt direction, 0·03 cm in Sup-Inf direction and 0·03 cm in Ant-Post direction.ConclusionThis study concluded that there was inherent error in ExacTrac system which can be quantified and used as a quality assurance tool for the ExacTrac system.
A Return of ‘the Strong Man's Daughter’: Modernization, Democratization, and Social Divisions in Korea
Authors: JOO HYUNG-MIN 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOn 19 December 2012, Park Geun-Hye won the presidential election in Korea. How should we understand the surprising comeback of ‘the strong man's daughter’ in a country that has been touted as having experienced a successful transition from dictatorship to democratization? To answer this question, it is necessary to reformulate modernization theory, of which Korea has been cited as a ‘dream case’. Modernization theory is overly process-oriented; a process of economic growth leads to a successful democratization with a temporal gap. However, when we take into account the question of agency, which was missing in modernization theory, a series of interesting questions arise. First, who led the process of modernization in the Korean case? Second, who led the process of democratization? Finally, what happens if the temporal gap between modernization and democratization is relatively short so that ‘modernizers’ and ‘democratizers’ occupy the same political landscape? In such a scenario, we should expect a society deeply divided between the two agencies of modernization theory. The recent return of ‘the strong man's daughter’ is the latest symptom of increasing social divisions between modernizers and democratizers in contemporary Korean society.
The controversy of compassion as an awakening to our conflicted social condition
Authors: Wilkinson Iain 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe study of law and emotion is now established as a distinct field of study in its own right. In this respect, legal studies has shared in a wider ‘affective turn’ that has involved twenty-first-century social science in a new concern to explain the contribution of emotional feelings to human thought, motivation and behaviour. This development has been accompanied by a pronounced debate over how emotion should be rendered accountable within a rational frame of analysis. On the one hand, it is possible to portray this as being sustained by a movement to make us more emotionally literate and more sensitive to the ways people act and think through feeling. On the other hand, it might be interpreted as being rooted in a concern to make matters of emotion more amenable to rational discipline and the sanction of reason. In this paper, I contend that, where a focus is brought to the experience of ‘compassion’, the volume is raised on these conflicts of interpretation. I further argue that opposing and contested points of view on the experience and value of ‘compassion’ provide us with valuable insights into the wider dynamics of social and cultural change that have inspired the ‘affective turn’. These arguments are developed with reference to the social theories of Max Weber and Norbert Elias. Moreover, in taking note of Hannah Arendt's thinking on the cultural politics of compassion, I attend not so much to how the controversy of compassion might be resolved, but rather to its potential to awaken critical humanitarian concern. Compassion is hereby celebrated as an inherently ‘unstable emotion’ that brings debate to the condition and bounds of human care and social justice.
Growth, Properties, and Theoretical Analysis of M2LiVO4 (M = Rb, Cs) Crystals: Two Potential Mid-Infrared Nonlinear Optical Materials
Authors: Han Guopeng , Wang Ying , Su Xin , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMid-Infrared nonlinear optical (Mid-IR NLO) crystals with excellent performances play a particularly important role for applications in areas such as telecommunications, laser guidance, and explosives detection. However, the design and growth of high performance Mid-IR NLO crystals with large NLO efficiency and high laser-damage threshold (LDT) still face numerous fundamental challenge. In this study, two potential Mid-IR NLO materials, Rb2LiVO4 (RLVO) and Cs2LiVO4 (CLVO) with noncentrosymmetric structures (Orthorhombic, Cmc21) were synthesized by high-temperature solution method. Thermal analysis and powder X-ray diffraction demonstrate that RLVO and CLVO melt congruently. Centimeter sized crystals of CLVO have been grown by the top-seeded solution growth method. RLVO and CLVO exhibit strong second harmonic generation (SHG) effects (about 4 and 5 times that of KH2PO4, respectively) with a phase-matching behavior at 1.064 μm, and a wide transparency range (0.33–6.0 μm for CLVO). More importantly, RLVO and CLVO possess a high LDT value (~28 × AgGaS2). In addition, the density functional theory (DFT) and dipole moments studies indicate that the VO4 anionic groups have a dominant contribution to the SHG effects in RLVO and CLVO. These results suggest that the title compounds are promising NLO candidate crystals applied in the Mid-IR region.
Flexible Two-Photon Interference Fringes with Thermal Light
Authors: Cao De-Zhong , Ren Cheng , Ni Jin-Yang , Zhang Yan , Zhang Su-Heng , Wang Kaige 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFlexible interference patterning is an important tool for adaptable measurement precisions. We report on experimental results of controllable two-photon interference fringes with thermal light in an incoherent rotational shearing interferometer. The two incoherent beams in the interferometer are orthogonally polarized, and their wavefront distributions differ only in an angle of rotation. The spacings and directions of the two-photon interference fringes vary with the rotation angle, as illustrated in three cases of two-photon correlation measurements in experiment.
The Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Pathway is Activated by Leucine Deprivation in HepG2 Cells: A Comparative Proteomics Study
Authors: Yan Guokai , Li Xiuzhi , Peng Ying , Long Baisheng , Fan Qiwen , Wang Zhichang , Shi Min , Xie Chunlin , Zhao Li , Yan Xianghua 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLeucine (Leu) is a multifunctional essential amino acid that plays crucial role in various cellular processes. However, the integral effect of Leu on the hepatic proteome remains largely unknown. Here, we for the first time applied an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based comparative proteomics strategy to investigate the proteome alteration induced by Leu deprivation in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. A total of 4,111 proteins were quantified; 43 proteins were further identified as differentially expressed proteins between the normal and Leu deprivation groups. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were involved in various metabolic processes, including amino acid and lipid metabolism, as well as degradation of ethanol. Interestingly, several proteins involved in the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway, including ACSL1, ACADS, and ACOX1, were up-regulated by Leu deprivation. In addition, Leu deprivation led to the reduction of cellular triglycerides in HepG2 cells. These results reveal that the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway is activated by Leu deprivation in HepG2 cells, and provide new insights into the regulatory function of Leu in multiple cellular processes, especially fatty acid metabolism.
Tunability of Band Gap and Photoluminescence in CH3NH3PbI3 Films by Anodized Aluminum Oxide Templates
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Wang Min , Ren Lixia , Jin Kexin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHybrid organic-inorganic halide CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films are deposited on anodized aluminum oxide templates with the different pore diameters via one-step spin coating method. The obvious 0.082 eV blue shift of optical band gap is observed in films with decreasing the diameters of pores from 400 to 30 nm. And numerical simulations based on finite element modeling are carried out to represent the absorption edge and consistent with the experiment results. It is interesting that the films show the intense photoluminescence with the excitation intensity of less than 1 μW. Moreover, the photoluminescence intensity is increased with increasing pore diameters, which is attributed to the radiative recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes. These results pave a way for the further understanding of tunable photophysical properties of perovskite films.
Combined Therapy with Shock Wave and Retrograde Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Transplantation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Gao Fuqiang , Chen Na , Sun Wei , Wang Bailiang , Shi Zhencai , Cheng Liming , Li Zirong , Guo Wanshou 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMultiple treatment strategies have been developed for osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the talus. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess retrograde autologous bone marrow cell (BMC) transplantation via core drilling (CD) combined with focused extracorporeal shock wave treatment (ESWT) in undisplaced OCL of the talus. A total of 69 patients with unilateral osteochondral lesions of the talus (Hepple grade I–III) were divided into two groups: 41 patients received combined therapy of ESWT and BMC transplantation (group A), while 28 were administered BMC transplantation alone (group B). The patients were followed up clinically and radiographically for a minimum of 2 years. Mean follow-up was 4.1 ± 2.8 years. AOFAS scores increased more significantly while pain intensity levels decreased in group A after treatment, compared with group B values (P < 0.001). In MRI follow-up, a more remarkable improvement of OCLs of the talus was observed in group A compared with group B (P = 0.040). Therefore, the combined technique reported here is a highly effective therapeutic option in OCLs of the talus with intact cartilage. It promotes patient recovery with pain control, and improves clinical outcome for more than 2 years after surgery.
A missense variant of the ABCC11 gene is associated with Axillary Osmidrosis susceptibility and clinical phenotypes in the Chinese Han Population
Authors: Ren Yunqing , Liu Wenting , Chen Jisu , Wang Jianyou , Wang Ke , Zhou Jiong , Cai Suiqing , Zheng Min , Liu Jianjun , Liu Lunfei , Xue Dan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAxillary osmidrosis (AO) is a common condition characterized by an offensive odor arising from apocrine gland secretions in the axillae that socially and psychologically impairs affected individuals. The exact aetiology of AO is still not fully understood, but genetic factors have been suggested to play an important role. Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17822931 in the ABCC11 gene located on human chromosome 16q12.1 has been shown to be associated with AO. In this study, we genotyped rs17822931 in two independent samples of Chinese Hans including 93 AO individuals vs 95 controls and 81 AO individuals vs 106 controls by using SNaPshot Multiplex Kit. We confirmed the association for ABCC11 gene, showing that rs17822931-G was significantly associated with increased risk for AO (Pcombined = 1.42E-21, OR = 83.94, 95% CI = 83.03–84.85). We also found rs17822931 was associated with subphenotypes of AO. AO individuals carrying the risk allele G are more likely to show wet earwax (P = 2.40E-05), higher frequency of family history (P = 1.04E-02) and early age of onset (P = 3.81E-02). Our study concluded that the association of rs17822931 in the ABCC11 gene with AO was replicated in Chinese Han population.
Fast tracking of hidden objects with single‐pixel detectors
Authors: Chan S. , Warburton R.E. , Gariepy G. , Altmann Y. , McLaughlin S. , Leach J. , Faccio D. 
Published: May 2017

A fast tracking system is demonstrated that is based on single laser illumination and a few single‐pixel single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors that improves on the previous tracking of non‐line‐of‐sight motion by a factor of 300 in laser power. With an average illumination power of only 2 mW, a 15 cm ×15 cm object located up to 2.5 m away is tracked whilst outside of the direct line‐of‐sight and moving at approximately 6 cm/s.
Intramedullary Teratoma in an Adolescent Patient
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Garg Amit , Sinha Rohan , Desai Ashish 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSpinal teratomas are rare spinal tumors. Most patients present with myelopathy, myeloradiculopathy, or radiculopathy. The authors describe the rare presentation of spinal teratoma with acute onset of backache followed by sudden paraplegia.
Know-how gezielt einkaufen
Authors: Freye Carolin 
Published: May 2017

Drei von vier Krankenhäuser engagieren für die unterschiedlichsten Bereiche Unternehmensberatungen. Heutzutage kommt es v.a. darauf an, Mitarbeiter zu halten – dabei können Personalberatungen helfen. Welches sind die größten Sünden im Umgang mit Mitarbeitern? Welche Angebote, welche Unternehmensgepflogenheiten machen bei Fachkräften tatsächlich Eindruck? kma hörte sich bei Personalberatungen mit dem Schwerpunkt Krankenhäuser um und informiert z.B. über eine aktuelle Studie zur Wechselmotivation in der Pflege aus dem Hause Solute recruiting. Auch bezüglich des Klinikmanagements haben wir interessante Beiträge für Sie zusammengestellt: Jochen Baierlein und Thomas Rudolf von Oberender & Partner beleuchten das Thema Geschäftsbesorgungsmandate. Wann ist es sinnvoll, das Ruder langfristig aus der Hand zu geben und: Wie gehen Klinikbetreiber damit um? Zudem finden Sie in diesem Heft einen Leitfaden von Hans-Peter Schlaudt, Geschäftsführer von Jomec, zum richtigen Umgang mit Beleg- und Honorarärzten.Viele gute Anregungen für Ihre Arbeit wünscht Ihnen Carolin Freye, Programmplanerin kma
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of Cavernous Sinus
Authors: Chandran Raj , Nair Jyotsna , Balachandran Krishna , Rajmohan Bhanu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEpithelioid hemangioendothelioma is an uncommon vascular neoplasm. It is rare in the intracranial location. Its occurrence in the region of cavernous sinus is reported only once. Here, we report a case of 49-year-old man who presented with a headache, pain in the right eye, diplopia, and ptosis due to third and sixth cranial nerve involvement. Imaging showed an enhancing lesion in the region of cavernous sinus on the right side. Pterional craniotomy, combined extradural and intradural approach, and subtotal excision of the tumor was done. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were suggestive of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma which is a rare tumor in this location. We report this case because of its rarity and uncommon location.
Denied Suicide Attempt: Penetrating Cranial Cerebral Injury with a Nail Gun
Authors: Krauss Joachim , Lang Josef 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPenetrating craniocerebral injuries with a nail gun are uncommon. In this article, we describe a highly unusual delayed presentation of a 49-year-old man after an initially unnoticed penetrating head injury with an air-powered nail gun. The nail was successfully surgically removed, and the postoperative course was uneventful. Further evaluation revealed that the penetrating craniocerebral nail gun injury was a suicide attempt and not an accident. Possible reasons for the initial unrecognition of the injury and denial of the suicide attempt were discussed.
Meningioma in Lateral Cerebellomedullary Cistern without Dural Attachment
Authors: Varghese Prithvi , Kandathil Julio , Govindan Jayasree , R. Rashmi , Jalal Muhammed 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntracranial meningiomas without dural attachment are rare and posterior cranial fossa meningiomas without dural attachment are rarer. Such meningiomas are thought to arise from arachnoid cap cells in pial membrane, tela choroidea, or choroid plexus. MRI is the best imaging modality for the diagnosis of meningiomas and typically shows an enhancing, dural based, extra-axial soft tissue mass with a characteristic dural tail. Meningioma without dural attachment should be suspected if the MRI shows a space-occupying lesion having features of a meningioma but without a dural base and dural tail. We report a case of meningioma in the lateral cerebellomedullary cistern without dural attachment.