bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in overall and site-specific cancer mortality among immigrant generations in Sweden: A nationwide follow-up study over three decades
Authors: Tollosa Daniel Nigusse , Zendehdel Kazem , Boffetta Paolo , Pukkala Eero , Rostila Mikael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We examined the overall and site-specific cancer mortality disparities among first-generation – separately in adults (G1) and children (G1.5) at immigration – and second-generation (G2) immigrants and their countries of origin using population-based registries in Sweden, encompassing over 8.5 million individuals aged 20 and above residing in Sweden since 1990, with follow-up until December 31, 2023. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted, stratified by gender, to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals compared to natives. Mortality rates for most cancers transitioned from lower in G1 towards the rate of natives in G2. However, elevated mortality rates were sustained across generations for liver cancer in males and stomach cancer in females. Among G2, mortality from lymphohematopoietic cancers in males, and lung and cervix uteri cancers in females were elevated – by 10%, 9%, and 17% respectively compared to natives. Country of origin analyses revealed substantial disparities. For instance, G2 females with Nordic parental origin had a 13% higher risk of death from lung cancer, while those with non-Western parental origin had a 54% lower risk as compared to natives. These findings suggest a generational and arrival-age dynamics of cancer mortality and highlight target groups for cancer prevention and control among immigrants.
Sexual Harassment, Sexual Violence, and Mental Health Outcomes: Causal Inference with Ambiguous Exposures
Authors: Johansson Fred , Magnusson Kristoffer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Social exposures and their impact on mental health has proven hard to capture, partly owing to the complex and multifaceted nature of social reality. Sexual harassment and sexual violence (SHV) are no exceptions. SHV can be conceptualized as a continuum of negative sexual experiences whose severity vary depending on multiple determinants. Further, SHV can be conceptualized as either discrete events or as a generally hostile sexual environment represented by latent variables. With any of these conceptualizations, SHV constitutes a broad construct containing many kinds of negative experiences. This ambiguity poses challenges for determining the mental health consequences, as different forms of SHV may vary in terms of their mental health impact. We discuss different conceptualizations of SHV in relation to mental health outcomes through the lens of the potential outcomes framework, with a focus on the consistency condition. The multiple versions of treatment theory is presented to show how to provide formal interpretations of causal estimates under ambiguous exposures. Lastly, we provide suggestions on how the increase the clarity and interpretability of the effects of SHV on mental health, by increasing the precision of the causal questions and the use of more specific definitions of SHV.
Drinking motives link positive and negative life events to problematic alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study
Authors: Geda Daniel W , Stangl Bethany L , Arsenault Avery , Thompson Matthew F , Schwandt Melanie L , Goldman David , Ramchandani Vijay A , Diazgranados Nancy , Luk Jeremy W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Stressful life events are associated with problematic drinking, and alcohol misuse has been exacerbated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While coping motives may account for this association, positive life events (PLEs) and enhancement motives are understudied. To address these gaps, we examined the associations of history of alcohol use disorder (AUD), negative life events (NLEs), and PLEs with problematic alcohol use and tested coping and enhancement motives as mediators.

Methods
The sample included baseline and follow-up data from 241 participants enrolled in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol Study. Endorsements of past year PLEs and NLEs and their associations with problematic alcohol use were examined. Among the 202 current drinkers, path analyses tested mediational pathways via coping and enhancement motives.

Results
The top two PLEs were change in work conditions (21.6%) and taking a vacation (20.3%). The top two NLEs were change in social activities (36.5%) and major change in recreation (26.6%). Individuals with a history of AUD and those who experienced more NLEs reported higher coping and enhancement motives, which were associated with higher problematic alcohol use. Individuals who experienced more PLEs reported lower coping motives, which was associated with lower problematic alcohol use.

Conclusions
Besides coping motives, enhancement motives were also associated with pandemic problematic alcohol use. Alcohol interventions targeting reward- and relief-driven drinking patterns may be beneficial to individuals with a history of AUD and those who experienced more NLEs. More research is needed to study PLEs which may help inform the development of strength-based alcohol interventions.
Phosphatidylethanol as an outcome measure in treatment aimed at controlled drinking
Authors: Hammarberg Anders , Ingesson Hammarberg Stina , Redegren Cuellar Susanna , Guterstam Joar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a specific marker of alcohol intake, used both as a screening method for hazardous use and as an outcome measure in the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, what cut-off values to apply for hazardous use in a treatment setting is still unclear. We aimed to investigate the correlation between PEth and self-reported drinking and identify the optimal cut-off for hazardous use, for patients with AUD and a stated goal of controlled drinking.

Methods
We used data from a randomized controlled trial of two different psychological treatments aiming for controlled drinking, conducted within specialized addiction care in Stockholm, Sweden. A total of 181 patients left samples that could be included in the current analysis. Outcomes were measured at five different time points over 2 years of follow-up. PEth 16:0/18:1 values were correlated with subjective reports of recent drinking based on the Timeline Follow-Back Method.

Results
The correlation between PEth and self-reported alcohol intake increased significantly over time, with the weakest correlation found at baseline (Spearman’s ρ = 0.42) and the strongest at the 104-week follow-up (ρ = 0.69). When used to indicate hazardous drinking according to Swedish guidelines (≥10 units per week), receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed PEth ≥ 0.22 μmol/l to be the optimal cut-off.

Conclusions
PEth is a useful outcome measure that can be used to validate subjective reports of current drinking. In a treatment setting aimed at controlled drinking, the accuracy of patients’ self-report measures seems to improve over time. In this context, a PEth value of ≥0.22 μmol/l is a sensitive and specific indicator of hazardous drinking.
A scalable two-stage Bayesian approach accounting for exposure measurement error in environmental epidemiology
Authors: Lee Changwoo J , Symanski Elaine , Rammah Amal , Kang Dong Hun , Hopke Philip K , Park Eun Sug 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Accounting for exposure measurement errors has been recognized as a crucial problem in environmental epidemiology for over two decades. Bayesian hierarchical models offer a coherent probabilistic framework for evaluating associations between environmental exposures and health effects, which take into account exposure measurement errors introduced by uncertainty in the estimated exposure as well as spatial misalignment between the exposure and health outcome data. While two-stage Bayesian analyses are often regarded as a good alternative to fully Bayesian analyses when joint estimation is not feasible, there has been minimal research on how to properly propagate uncertainty from the first-stage exposure model to the second-stage health model, especially in the case of a large number of participant locations along with spatially correlated exposures. We propose a scalable two-stage Bayesian approach, called a sparse multivariate normal (sparse MVN) prior approach, based on the Vecchia approximation for assessing associations between exposure and health outcomes in environmental epidemiology. We compare its performance with existing approaches through simulation. Our sparse MVN prior approach shows comparable performance with the fully Bayesian approach, which is a gold standard but is impossible to implement in some cases. We investigate the association between source-specific exposures and pollutant (nitrogen dioxide [NO2])-specific exposures and birth weight of full-term infants born in 2012 in Harris County, Texas, using several approaches, including the newly developed method.
Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA adduct in buccal cells of smokers by black raspberry lozenges
Authors: Chen Kun-Ming , Krebs Nicolle M , Sun Yuan-Wan , Sun Dongxiao , Liao Jiangang , Reinhart Lisa , Krzeminski Jacek , Amin Shantu , Stoner Gary , Mallery Susan R , El-Bayoumy Karam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Using LC–MS/MS analysis we previously showed for the first time (Carcinogenesis 43:746–753, 2022) that levels of DNA damage induced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), an oral carcinogen and tobacco smoke (TS) constituent, were significantly higher in buccal cells of smokers than those in nonsmokers; these results suggest the potential contribution of B[a]P in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in humans. Treating cancers, including OSCC, at late stages, even with improved targeted therapies, continues to be a major challenge. Thus interception/prevention remains a preferable approach for OSCC management and control. In previous preclinical studies, we and others demonstrated the protective effects of black raspberry (BRB) against carcinogen-induced DNA damage and OSCC. Thus, to translate preclinical findings, we tested the hypothesis in a Phase 0 clinical study that BRB administration reduces DNA damage induced by B[a]P in the buccal cells of smokers. After enrolling 27 smokers, baseline buccal cells were collected before the administration of BRB lozenges (5/day for 8 weeks, 1 gm BRB powder/lozenge) at baseline, at the middle and the end of BRB administration. The last samples were collected 4 weeks after BRB cessation (washout period). B[a]P-induced DNA damage (BPDE-N2-dG) was evaluated by LC–MS/MS. BRB administration resulted in a significant reduction in DNA damage: 26.3% at the midpoint (P = .01506) compared to baseline, 36.1% at the end of BRB administration (P = .00355), and 16.6% after BRB cessation (P = .007586). Our results suggest the potential benefits of BRB as a chemopreventive agent against the development of TS-initiated OSCC.
Enhancing motor skill learning through multiple sessions of online high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation in healthy adults: insights from EEG power spectrum
Authors: Guo Feng , Niu Maolin , Hanson Nicholas J , Guo Jianrui , Zhou Kuo , Zhao Tan , Ren Yinghui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on finger motor skill acquisition. Thirty-one healthy adult males were randomly assigned to one of three groups: online HD-tDCS (administered during motor skill learning), offline HD-tDCS (delivered before motor skill learning), and a sham group. Participants engaged in a visual isometric pinch task for three consecutive days. Overall motor skill learning and speed–accuracy tradeoff function were used to evaluate the efficacy of tDCS. Electroencephalography was recorded and power spectral density was calculated. Both online and offline HD-tDCS total motor skill acquisition was significantly higher than the sham group (P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.05, respectively). Motor skill acquisition in the online group was higher than offline (P = 0.132, Cohen’s d = 1.46). Speed–accuracy tradeoff function in the online group was higher than both offline and sham groups in the post-test. The online group exhibited significantly lower electroencephalography activity in the frontal, fronto-central, and centro-parietal alpha band regions compared to the sham (P &lt; 0.05). The findings suggest that HD-tDCS application can boost finger motor skill acquisition, with online HD-tDCS displaying superior facilitation. Furthermore, online HD-tDCS reduces the power of alpha rhythms during motor skill execution, enhancing information processing and skill learning efficiency.
Functional connectivity across the lifespan: a cross-sectional analysis of changes
Authors: Doval Sandra , Nebreda Alberto , Bruña Ricardo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the era of functional brain networks, our understanding of how they evolve across life in a healthy population remains limited. Here, we investigate functional connectivity across the human lifespan using magnetoencephalography in a cohort of 792 healthy individuals, categorized into young (13 to 30 yr), middle (31 to 54 yr), and late adulthood (55 to 80 yr). Employing corrected imaginary phase-locking value, we map the evolving landscapes of connectivity within delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma classical frequency bands among brain areas. Our findings reveal significant shifts in functional connectivity patterns across all frequency bands, with certain networks exhibiting increased connectivity and others decreased, dependent on the frequency band and specific age groups, showcasing the dynamic reorganization of neural networks as age increases. This detailed exploration provides, to our knowledge, the first all-encompassing view of how electrophysiological functional connectivity evolves at different life stages, offering new insights into the brain’s adaptability and the intricate interplay of cognitive aging and network connectivity. This work not only contributes to the body of knowledge on cognitive aging and neurological health but also emphasizes the need for further research to develop targeted interventions for maintaining cognitive function in the aging population.
First diagnosis of severe coarctation of the aorta necessitating percutaneous intervention during pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Van Berendoncks An M , Mannaerts Dominique , Berzenji Lawek , Jacquemyn Yves , Hendriks Jeroen M H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a common congenital heart defect that affects about 3–4 in every 10 000 live births. Despite clear signs on clinical examination, the diagnosis is sometimes not made until adulthood. An increasing number of patients with CoA are reaching child-bearing age. Unrepaired CoA or severe recurrent stenosis during pregnancy is a significant concern, as it poses a high risk of maternal and foetal complications and even death.

Case summary
A 21-year-old woman was referred to the cardiology department at 17 weeks’ gestation for management of arterial hypertension and unexplained systolic murmur. She had been diagnosed with hypertension elsewhere the year before presentation, but unfortunately, this remained unexplored. She had been started on labetalol early in the pregnancy. Clinical examination showed a loud systolic heart murmur extending from parasternal to subclavicular and scapular areas. Pulses in the lower extremities were very weak, and blood pressure was slightly elevated with a significant gradient between the upper and lower extremities. Echocardiography showed remarkable absence of pulsatile flow in the abdominal aorta and narrowing just distal to the subclavian artery with typical diastolic tail pattern on suprasternal imaging. Cardiac magnetic resonance confirmed the presence of a severe coarctation distal to the subclavian artery and presence of multiple collaterals allocating this patient in the extremely high-risk category with a risk of up to 40%–100% of maternal cardiac event during pregnancy. An extensive multidisciplinary team meeting was convened. After initial medical optimization, increased claudication and signs of placental hypoperfusion necessitated an endovascular procedure under general anaesthesia at 23 weeks’ gestation. A Bentley BeGraft Plus stent (16 × 38 mm) was successfully placed. Postoperative ultrasound showed biphasic placental perfusion and normalization of blood pressure and ankle-brachial indices. At 36 weeks’ gestation, the patient gave birth to a healthy child.

Discussion
Coarctation of the aorta should be considered in any young patient with arterial hypertension. Altered maternal haemodynamics during pregnancy resulted in severe symptomatic CoA and reduced placental flow necessitating percutaneous intervention during pregnancy. A multidisciplinary pregnancy heart team is essential for optimal treatment management in these high-risk patients.
Successful intravascular lithotripsy after all other options failed with stent under-expansion: a case report and review of alternative options
Authors: Breitbart Philipp , Billig Hannah , Schöfthaler Christoph , Korosoglou Grigorios 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Stent under-expansion, often caused by severe circumferential coronary calcification, must be prevented as it increases the risk of neoatherosclerosis and stent thrombosis. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is an effective lesion preparation strategy to enable sufficient expansion of a stent that was initially not sufficiently expanded.

Case summary
A 62-year-old male patient presented in our emergency department due to unstable angina. Coronary angiography revealed one-vessel coronary artery disease with high-grade stenosis of the proximal to mid right coronary artery. Direct implantation of a drug-eluting stent was performed. However, stent under-expansion was noticed. Post-dilatation with semi-compliant balloon up to 24 bar was unsuccessful. Subsequent dilatation with an ultra-high-pressure OPN non-compliant balloon at 50 bar resulted to balloon rupture but stent under-expansion remained. Therefore, IVL was performed, resulting in complete stent expansion already at 4 bar. The patient was put on dual platelet treatment, and his further clinical course was uneventful after 6 months of follow-up.

Discussion
The present case report highlights the role of IVL as a safe and effective treatment option in case of immediate stent under-expansion. This has significant implications on daily practice as under-expansion may lead to high rates of in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis. Furthermore, this case report underlines the impact of lesion preparation, even in presumably less complex lesion by angiographic criteria.
Von Willebrand factor exacerbates heart failure through formation of neutrophil extracellular traps
Authors: Mang Ge , Chen Jianfeng , Sun Ping , Ma Ruishuang , Du Jingwen , Wang Xiaoqi , Cui Jingxuan , Yang Mian , Tong Zhonghua , Yan Xiangyu , Wang Dongni , Xie Huiqi , Chen Yujia , Yang Qiannan , Kong Yingjin , Jin Jiaqi , Wu Jian , Zhang Maomao , Yu Bo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and characterized by significant co-morbidities and dismal prognosis. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) aggravate inflammation in various cardiovascular diseases; however, their function and mechanism of action in HF pathogenesis remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of a novel VWF-SLC44A2-NET axis in HF progression.

Methods
NET levels were examined in patients with HF and mouse models of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) HF. PAD4 knockout mice and NET inhibitors (GSK-484, DNase I, NEi) were used to evaluate the role of NETs in HF. RNA sequencing was used to investigate the downstream mechanisms. Recombinant human ADAMTS13 (rhADAMTS13), ADAMTS13, and SLC44A2 knockouts were used to identify novel upstream factors of NETs.

Results
Elevated NET levels were observed in patients with HF and TAC mouse models of HF. PAD4 knockout and NET inhibitors improved the cardiac function. Mechanistically, NETs induced mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes, inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis via the NE-TLR4-mediated suppression of PGC-1α. Furthermore, VWF/ADAMTS13 regulated NET formation via SLC44A2. Additionally, sacubitril/valsartan amplifies the cardioprotective effects of the VWF-SLC44A2-NET axis blockade.

Conclusions
This study established the role of a novel VWF-SLC44A2-NET axis in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and function, leading to cardiac apoptosis and contributing to HF pathogenesis. Targeting this axis may offer a potential therapeutic approach for HF treatment.
Metatranscriptomics provide insights into the role of the symbiont Midichloria mitochondrii in Ixodes ticks
Authors: Leclerc Laurene , Mattick John , Burns Brendan P , Sassera Davide , Hotopp Julie Dunning , Lo Nathan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ticks are important vectors of bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens of humans and animals worldwide. Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii is a highly abundant bacterial endosymbiont found in many tick species, including two medically important ticks respectively found in Europe and Australia, Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes holocyclus. The present study aimed to determine the symbiont’s biological role by identifying lateral gene transfer (LGT) events, characterizing the transcriptome, and performing differential expression analyses. Metatranscriptomic data revealed that M. mitochondrii species in I. ricinus and I. holocyclus were equipped with the metabolic potential and were actively transcribing the genes for several important roles including heme, biotin and folate synthesis, oxidative stress response, osmotic regulation, and ATP production in microaerobic conditions. Differential expression analyses additionally showed an upregulation in stringent response and DNA repair genes in M. mitochondrii of I. holocyclus nymphs compared to adults. Low rates of differential expression suggest the symbiont may lack global gene regulation, as observed in other endosymbionts. Moreover, the identification of an LGT event and the proposed specialization of the M. mitochondrii strains, mIxholo1 and mIxholo2, for different I. holocyclus life stages highlight the complex interactions between M. mitochondrii and their tick hosts.