bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of droplet coalescence and breakup on the separation process in wave‐plate separators
Authors: Yuan Shuxia , Fan Yuguang , Li Jingming , Zhou Sanping , Cao Yinping 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the numerical simulation method regarding the coalescence and breakup of droplets occurring during the gas‐liquid separation process and their influence on the separation efficiency and pressure drop. The Euler‐Lagrange method was used, and the discrete phase was simulated as an unsteady process. The results of the study indicate that numerical simulation results show better agreement with the experiment results when the coalescence and breakup model is taken into account. During the unsteady process, it was concluded that the simulation can meet the accuracy requirements as long as the Courant number of droplets is less than 1/3. The coalescence increases the droplet diameter, which improves the separation efficiency and reduces the pressure drop, whereas the opposite effect occurs with the breakup. Compared with other factors, the influence of the surface tension on the coalescence and breakup is more apparent, and droplets with a lower surface tension may be prone to coalescing or breaking. The coalescence occurs with a lower separation velocity, whereas breakup becomes predominant with higher separation velocity. The present research provides valuable suggestions on choosing strategies to improve the separation efficiency. For droplets with small surface tension, the separation velocity is restricted to not resulting breakup, and the separation efficiency can be improved by changing the shapes and spaces of the wave plate. In contrast, for droplets with large surface tension, increasing the velocity is an effective way to improve the separation efficiency.
In situ epoxidation of waste soybean cooking oil for synthesis of biolubricant basestock: A process parameter optimization and comparison with RSM, ANN, and GA
Authors: Paul Atanu Kumar , Borugadda Venu Babu , Bhalerao Machhindra S. , Goud Vaibhav V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this work, the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as an alternative tool for modelling and predicting the optimum conversion of the unsaturated fatty acid to epoxide in comparison with the response surface methodology (RSM) was developed. In the present investigation, waste soybean cooking oil (WCO) as biolubricant basestock was prepared via structural modification of unsaturated fatty acids (in situ epoxidation). Optimization of the effect of process parameters on maximum oxirane oxygen content (OOC) was studied using RSM. Interaction among the process parameters, such as C=C bonds to H2O2 molar ratio, catalyst loading, and reaction time was examined by ANOVA. The main focus of this study was to establish optimum OOC conditions using sulphuric acid (H2SO4) as a homogeneous acid catalyst. Optimum OOC of epoxidized waste soybean cooking oil (EWCO) was found to be 4.69 mass% under the experimental conditions of 60 °C temperature, 6 h reaction time, 1.5 g of catalyst loading, and 1:2 molar ratio of C=C bonds to H2O2. The resultant epoxide product was confirmed with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (at 844.82 cm−1) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) (at δ 2.8 to δ 3.1 ppm) analysis. Significant physicochemical properties of the prepared lubricant basestock were evaluated at optimum conditions using standard methods. Further, ANN modelling and genetic algorithm (GA) optimization were carried out by using an identical dataset. The results of the study revealed that the chemically modified WCO derivatives also can act as a potential biolubricant basestock.
Anticancer Properties of Halogenated Pyrrolo[3,2‐d]pyrimidines with Decreased Toxicity via N5 Substitution
Authors: Cawrse Brian M. , Lapidus Rena S. , Cooper Brandon , Choi Eun Yong , Seley‐Radtke Katherine L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHalogenated pyrrolo[3,2‐d]pyrimidine analogues have shown antiproliferative activity in recent studies, with cell accumulation occurring in the G2/M stage without apoptosis. However, the mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of these compounds has yet to be determined. To investigate the PK profile of these compounds, a series of halogenated pyrrolo[3,2‐d]pyrimidine compounds was synthesized and first tested for activity in various cancer cell lines followed by a mouse model. EC50 values ranged from 0.014 to 14.5 μm, and maximum tolerated doses (MTD) in mice were between 5 and 10 mg kg−1. This indicates a wide variance in activity and toxicity that necessitates further study. To decrease toxicity, a second series of compounds was synthesized with N5‐alkyl substitutions in an effort to slow the rate of metabolism, which was thought to be leading to the toxicity. The N‐substituted compounds demonstrated comparable cell line activity (EC50 values between 0.83–7.3 μm) with significantly decreased toxicity (MTD=40 mg kg−1). Finally, the PK profile of the active N5‐substituted compound shows a plasma half‐life of 32.7 minutes, and rapid conversion into the parent unsubstituted analogue. Together, these data indicate that halogenated pyrrolo[3,2‐d]pyrimidines present a promising lead into potent antiproliferative agents with tunable activity and toxicity, and rapid metabolism.
A Synthetic MUC1 Anticancer Vaccine Containing Mannose Ligands for Targeting Macrophages and Dendritic Cells
Authors: Glaffig Markus , Stergiou Natascha , Hartmann Sebastian , Schmitt Edgar , Kunz Horst 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA MUC1 anticancer vaccine equipped with covalently linked divalent mannose ligands was found to improve the antigen uptake and presentation by targeting mannose‐receptor‐positive macrophages and dendritic cells. It induced much stronger specific IgG immune responses in mice than the non‐mannosylated reference vaccine. Mannose coupling also led to increased numbers of macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD4+ T cells in the local lymph organs. Comparison of di‐ and tetravalent mannose ligands revealed an increased binding of the tetravalent version, suggesting that higher valency improves binding to the mannose receptor. The mannose‐coupled vaccine and the non‐mannosylated reference vaccine induced IgG antibodies that exhibited similar binding to human breast tumor cells.
Ephemeral kettle hole water and sediment temporal and spatial dynamics within an agricultural catchment
Authors: Kayler Zachary E. , Badrian Maria , Frackowski Adam , Rieckh Helene , Nitzsche Kai Nils , Kalettka Thomas , Merz Christoph , Gessler Arthur 
Published: November 2017

AbstractKettle holes are glacially created ponds that form within landscape depressions and are numerous across young moraine landscapes. Kettle hole water budgets are based primarily on winter precipitation, and therefore, undergo pronounced short‐term changes in water level fluctuations. Little is known about kettle hole sediment biogeochemistry in NE Germany, especially with regards to hydroperiod. Our objective for this study was to link the abiotic influences demarked by the evaporative isotopic signal from kettle hole water and solute chemistry to sediment organic matter turnover imprinted in the sediment δ13C and δ15N isotopic values. From the 20 kettle holes we sampled, 19 of these completely dried out, but on different dates. This dynamic was partially explained by longitudinal and elevational changes over the catchment area illustrating regional controls of kettle hole water balance. At the scale of an individual kettle hole, we estimated evaporation explained up to 38% of water volume loss. The changes in water levels were weakly related to differences in surface sediment elemental N and C concentrations between kettle hole edge and centre positions. These dynamics were primarily driven by redox conditions, Ca2+, and several nutrient concentrations (dissolved organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, total dissolved P, and ammonium) in the water column. Although we did not detect differences in the surface sediment δ13C and δ15N values, the δ15N signature in relation to the C:N ratio highlights the advanced decomposition state of surface sediment OM in temporarily water filled kettle holes.
Incorporation of a Redox‐Active Bis(guanidine) in Low‐Dimensional Tin and Lead Iodide Structures
Authors: Herrmann Hendrik , Walter Petra , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Hans‐Jörg Himmel at Heidelberg University, Germany. The cover image shows a new tin iodide material with embedded redox‐active guanidine units that protect the tin atoms from being oxidized, like an umbrella against a sudden downpour.
“Saved by the Bell”: Near SUDEP during intracranial EEG monitoring
Authors: Ba‐Armah Duaa M. , Donner Elizabeth J. , Ochi Ayako , Go Cristina , McCoy Bláthnaid , Snead Carter , Drake James , Jones Kevin C. 
Published: November 2017

SummarySUDEP is the sudden unexpected death of a person with epilepsy, when no structural or toxicological cause of death can be found. The majority of witnessed cases are reported to be preceded by a convulsive seizure and postictal hypoventilation. Here, we report an 8‐year‐old girl with drug‐resistant focal seizures secondary to a focal cortical dysplasia type IIb. While undergoing invasive intracranial monitoring with subdural and depth electrodes, she had a clinical apnea event recorded on video, followed by bradycardia, which required resuscitation. Her intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) during the event showed diffuse slowing and attenuation of cortical activity, with bradycardia that responded to positive pressure ventilation with oxygen. This near SUDEP event was not preceded by either an electroclinical or electrographic seizure. This is the first report of a witnessed, near‐SUDEP event during intracranial monitoring. It emphasizes the fact that near‐SUDEP can occur without a preceding seizure.
Calibration of silicone rubber rods as passive samplers for pesticides at two different flow velocities: Modeling of sampling rates under water boundary layer and polymer control
Authors: Martin Alexis , Margoum Christelle , Jolivet Antoine , Assoumani Azziz , El Moujahid Bachir , Randon Jérôme , Coquery Marina 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

There is a need to determine time-weighted average concentrations of polar contaminants such as pesticides by passive sampling in environmental waters. Calibration data for silicone rubber-based passive samplers are lacking for this class of compounds. The calibration data, sampling rate (Rs), and partition coefficient between silicone rubber and water (Ksw) were precisely determined for 23 pesticides and 13 candidate performance reference compounds (PRCs) in a laboratory calibration system over 14 d for 2 water flow velocities, 5 and 20 cm s−1. The results showed that an in situ exposure duration of 7 d left a silicone rubber rod passive sampler configuration in the linear or curvilinear uptake period for 19 of the pesticides studied. A change in the transport mechanism from polymer control to water boundary layer control was observed for pesticides with a log Ksw of approximately 3.3. The PRC candidates were not fully relevant to correct the impact of water flow velocity on Rs. We therefore propose an alternative method based on an overall resistance to mass transfer model to adjust Rs from laboratory experiments to in situ hydrodynamic conditions. We estimated diffusion coefficients (Ds) and thickness of water boundary layer (δw) as adjustable model parameters. Log Ds values ranged from −12.13 to −10.07 m2 s−1. The estimated δw value showed a power function correlation with water flow velocity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1208–1218. © 2017 SETAC
Mechanical properties, corrosion, and biocompatibility of Mg‐Zr‐Sr‐Dy alloys for biodegradable implant applications
Authors: Ding Yunfei , Lin Jixing , Wen Cuie , Zhang Dongmei , Li Yuncang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of magnesium (Mg)‐based Mg1Zr2SrxDy (x = 0, 1, 1.63, 2.08 wt %) alloys for biodegradable implant applications. The corrosion behavior of the Mg‐based alloys has been evaluated in simulated body fluid using an electrochemical technique and hydrogen evolution. The biocompatibility of the Mg‐based alloys has been assessed using SaSO2 cells. Results indicate that the addition of Dy to Mg‐Zr‐Sr alloy showed a positive impact on the corrosion behavior and significantly decreased the degradation rates of the alloys. The degradation rate of Mg1Zr2Sr1.0Dy decreased from 17.61 to 12.50 mm year−1 of Mg1Zr2Sr2.08Dy based on the hydrogen evolution. The ultimate compressive strength decreased from 270.90 MPa for Mg1Zr2Sr1Dy to 236.71 MPa for Mg1Zr2Sr2.08Dy. An increase in the addition of Dy to the Mg‐based alloys resulted in an increase in the volume fraction of the Mg2Dy phase, which mitigated the galvanic effect between the Mg17Sr2 phase and the Mg matrix, and led to an increase in the corrosion resistance of the base alloy. The biocompatibility of the Mg‐based alloys was enhanced with decreasing corrosion rates. Mg1Zr2Sr2.08Dy exhibited the lowest corrosion rate and the highest biocompatibility compared with the other Mg‐based alloys. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2425–2434, 2018.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Azeloprazole Sodium, a Novel Proton Pump Inhibitor, in Healthy Japanese Volunteers
Authors: Toda Ryoko , Shiramoto Masanari , Komai Emi , Yoshii Kazuyoshi , Hirayama Masamichi , Kawabata Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of proton pump inhibitors differ among cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 genotypes. Therefore, we developed azeloprazole sodium (Z‐215), a novel proton pump inhibitor, whose metabolism is not affected by CYP2C19 activity in vitro. However, the PK and PD of azeloprazole sodium have not been evaluated in Japanese subjects. We conducted an open‐label, crossover study in healthy Japanese male volunteers to evaluate the plasma concentration and intragastric pH with respect to CYP2C19 genotype after repeated administration of 10, 20, and 40 mg azeloprazole sodium and 10 and 20 mg rabeprazole sodium (rabeprazole). The plasma concentration profile of azeloprazole sodium was similar among genotypes, whereas that of rabeprazole differed. The 24‐hour intragastric pH ≥ 4 holding time ratio (pH ≥ 4 HTR) of azeloprazole sodium was similar among genotypes. The pH ≥ 4 HTR was 52.5%–60.3%, 55.1%–65.8%, and 69.4%–77.1% after administration of 10, 20, and 40 mg azeloprazole sodium, respectively, and 59.2%–72.3% and 64.4%–91.2% after administration of 10 and 20 mg rabeprazole, respectively, on the fifth day of dosing. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC), and pH ≥ 4 HTR of azeloprazole sodium were proportional to dose. The Cmax, AUC, and pH ≥ 4 HTR on day 5 were slightly higher following administration of 20 mg azeloprazole sodium before comparison with after a meal. No serious adverse events were observed. These results suggest that azeloprazole sodium is useful for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease in all CYP2C19 genotypes.
Circulating myomiRs: a new class of biomarkers to monitor skeletal muscle in physiology and medicine
Authors: Siracusa Julien , Koulmann Nathalie , Banzet Sébastien 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non‐coding RNAs that target mRNAs and are consequently involved in the post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Some miRNAs are ubiquitously expressed in tissue, while others are tissue‐specific or tissue‐enriched. miRNAs can be released by cells and are found in various biofluids, including serum and plasma. Thus, measuring miRNAs in the circulation may provide information on the originating tissue or cells. MyomiRs are described as striated muscle‐specific or muscle‐enriched miRNAs. Their circulating levels can be measured and have been proposed to be new biomarkers of physiological and pathological muscle processes. The aims of this review are to summarize the current knowledge of circulating myomiRs, to identify the types of information they can provide about skeletal muscle, and to determine how to apply that information in the fields of research and medicine.
Preferential crystallization for the purification of similar hydrophobic polyphenols
Authors: Silva Marcelo , Vieira Briana , Ottens Marcel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDPreferential crystallization is a common technique used in the purification of enantiomers, proving that crystallization may also be applied to the purification of very similar molecules by seeding the solution with the desired compound. Nonetheless, its application to other organic molecules is less widely documented in the literature. Knowing that chemically related polyphenols are generally co‐produced by fermentation and their purification can be too expensive for their market value, this technique may contribute to developing a downstream process with less expensive steps. The goal of this work is to show the applicability of the preferential crystallization concept to the purification of similar polyphenols – naringenin and trans‐resveratrol – with either single or coupled crystallizers.RESULTSAfter developing the required crystallization kinetic models, an experiment using two coupled vessels was devised, where a 63% yield of naringenin and 44% yield of trans‐resveratrol was obtained, with ≥98% purity in both cases. When the vessels were working independently, 81% of pure trans‐resveratrol (started 60% pure) and 70% of pure naringenin (started 68% pure) were recovered.CONCLUSIONThe experiments performed show the possibility of separately purifying two similar molecules (from 60% to roughly 100%) with promising yields, despite their similar solubility. This method, which can be significantly improved, might provide an economically attractive way for the production of low added value products. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A rapid T1 mapping method for assessment of murine kidney viability using dynamic manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Jiang Kai , Tang Hui , Mishra Prasanna K. , Macura Slobodan I. , Lerman Lilach O. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeDynamic manganese‐enhanced MRI (MEMRI) allows assessment of tissue viability by tracing manganese uptake. We aimed to develop a rapid T1 mapping method for dynamic MEMRI to facilitate assessments of murine kidney viability.MethodsA multi‐slice saturation recovery fast spin echo (MSRFSE) was developed, validated, and subsequently applied in dynamic MEMRI at 16.4T on ischemic mouse kidneys after 4 weeks of unilateral renal artery stenosis (RAS). Baseline T1 values and post‐contrast R1 (1/T1) changes were measured in cortex (CO), outer (OSOM), inner (ISOM) strips of outer medulla, and inner medulla (IM).ResultsValidation studies showed strong agreement between MSRFSE and an established saturation recovery Look‐Locker method. Baseline T1 (s) increased in the stenotic kidney CO (2.10 [1.95–2.56] vs. 1.88 [1.81–2.00], P = 0.0317) and OSOM (2.17 [2.05–2.33] vs. 1.96 [1.87–2.00], P = 0.0075) but remained unchanged in ISOM and IM. This method allowed a temporal resolution of 1.43 min in dynamic MEMRI. Mn2+ uptake and retention decreased in stenotic kidneys, particularly in the OSOM (ΔR1: 0.48 [0.38–0.56] vs. 0.64 [0.61–0.69] s−1, P < 0.0001).ConclusionDynamic MEMRI by MSRFSE detected decreased cellular viability and discerned the regional responses to RAS. This technique may provide a valuable tool for noninvasive evaluation of renal viability. Magn Reson Med 80:190–199, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Cognitive impairment and quality of life in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Fujino Haruo , Shingaki Honoka , Suwazono Shugo , Ueda Yukihiko , Wada Chizu , Nakayama Takahiro , Takahashi Masanori P. , Imura Osamu , Matsumura Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study sought to clarify whether specific cognitive abilities are impaired in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) as well as to investigate the relationships among quality of life (QoL), cognitive function, and psychological factors.MethodsSixty patients with DM1 were evaluated on cognitive functioning (abstract reasoning, attention/working memory, executive function, processing speed, and visuoconstructive ability), apathy, depression, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and QoL. QoL was assessed by 2 domains of the Muscular Dystrophy Quality of Life Scale (Psychosocial Relationships and Physical Functioning and Health).ResultsMore than half of the patients exhibited cognitive impairment in attention/working memory, executive function, processing speed, and visuoconstructive ability. The Psychosocial Relationships factor was associated with processing speed, attention/working memory, and apathy, whereas depression and fatigue were associated with 2 QoL domains.DiscussionOur study identified specific cognitive impairments in DM1. Specific cognitive functions and psychological factors may be potential contributors to QoL. Muscle Nerve 57: 742–748, 2018
Study of the medieval domestic cats from Novgorod with reference to cats from medieval Tver (Russia; 10–14 centuries)
Authors: Zinoviev A.V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of cats in the medieval Russian cities of Novgorod and Tver (Russia). Based on the unique osteological collection of 251 feline bones from layers of 10–14 centuries AD, research revealed the prevalence of the “classical” slightly dolichocephalic animals of a smaller size compared to modern domestic cats. Larger specimens are rare, most likely representing wild cats or castrates.
Long‐term evidence that a pediatric oncology mentorship program for young investigators is feasible and beneficial in the cooperative group setting: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Esbenshade Adam J. , Pierson Christopher R. , Thompson Amanda L. , Reed Damon , Gupta Abha , Levy Adam , Kahalley Lisa S. , Harker‐Murray Paul , Schore Reuven , Muscal Jodi A. , Embry Leanne , Maloney Kelly , Horton Terzah , Zweidler‐Mckay Patrick , Dhall Girish 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundMentorship of junior faculty is an integral component of career development. The Children's Oncology Group (COG) Young Investigator (YI) Committee designed a mentorship program in 2004 whose purpose was to pair YIs (faculty ≤10 years of first academic appointment) with a senior mentor to assist with career development and involvement in COG research activities. This study reports on the committee's ability to achieve these goals.ProcedureAn online survey was sent to YIs who were registered with the program from 2004 to2015, assessing three major domains: (1) overall experience with the mentor pairing, (2) satisfaction with the program, and (3) academic accomplishments of the mentees.ResultsThe response rate was 64% (110/171). Overall, YIs rated the success of their mentorship pairing as 7.2 out of 10 (median) (25th, 75th quartile 3.6, 9.6). The direct effects of the mentorship program included 70% YIs reporting a positive effect on their career, 40% reporting any grant or manuscript resulting from the pairing, 47% forming a new research collaboration, and 43% receiving appointment to a COG committee. Respondents reported success in COG with 38% authoring a manuscript on behalf of COG and 65% reporting a leadership position including seven current or past COG discipline chairs and 20 study chairs. Finally, 74% of respondents said they would consider serving as mentors in the program in the future.ConclusionThe COG YI mentorship program has been well received by the majority of the participants and has helped to identify and train many current leaders in COG.