bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On-chip integrated vertically aligned carbon nanotube based super- and pseudocapacitors
Authors: Pitkänen O. , Järvinen T. , Cheng H. , Lorite G. S. , Dombovari A. , Rieppo L. , Talapatra S. , Duong H. M. , Tóth G. , Juhász K. L. , Kónya Z. , Kukovecz A. , Ajayan P. M. , Vajtai R. , Kordás K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOn-chip energy storage and management will have transformative impacts in developing advanced electronic platforms with built-in energy needs for operation of integrated circuits driving a microprocessor. Though success in growing stand-alone energy storage elements such as electrochemical capacitors (super and pseusocapacitors) on a variety of substrates is a promising step towards this direction. In this work, on-chip energy storage is demonstrated using architectures of highly aligned vertical carbon nanotubes (CNTs) acting as supercapacitors, capable of providing large device capacitances. The efficiency of these structures is further increased by incorporating electrochemically active nanoparticles such as MnOx to form pseudocapacitive architectures thus enhancing device capacitance areal specific capacitance of 37 mF/cm2. The demonstrated on-chip integration is up and down-scalable, compatible with standard CMOS processes, and offers lightweight energy storage what is vital for portable and autonomous device operation with numerous advantages as compared to electronics built from discrete components.
Performance enhancement of a brain-computer interface using high-density multi-distance NIRS
Authors: Shin Jaeyoung , Kwon Jinuk , Choi Jongkwan , Im Chang-Hwan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the effectiveness of using a high-density multi-distance source-detector (SD) separations in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), for enhancing the performance of a functional NIRS (fNIRS)-based brain-computer interface (BCI). The NIRS system that was used for the experiment was capable of measuring signals from four SD separations: 15, 21.2, 30, and 33.5 mm, and this allowed the measurement of hemodynamic response alterations at various depths. Fifteen participants were asked to perform mental arithmetic and word chain tasks, to induce task-related hemodynamic response variations, or they were asked to stay relaxed to acquire a baseline signal. To evaluate the degree of BCI performance enhancement by high-density channel configuration, the classification accuracy obtained using a typical low-density lattice SD arrangement, was compared to that obtained using the high-density SD arrangement, while maintaining the SD separation at 30 mm. The analysis results demonstrated that the use of a high-density channel configuration did not result in a noticeable enhancement of classification accuracy. However, the combination of hemodynamic variations, measured by two multi-distance SD separations, resulted in the significant enhancement of overall classification accuracy. The results of this study indicated that the use of high-density multi-distance SD separations can likely provide a new method for enhancing the performance of an fNIRS-BCI.
IL-27, but not IL-35, inhibits neuroinflammation through modulating GM-CSF expression
Authors: Casella Giacomo , Finardi Annamaria , Descamps Hélène , Colombo Federico , Maiorino Chiara , Ruffini Francesca , Patrone Marco , Degano Massimo , Martino Gianvito , Muzio Luca , Becher Burkhard , Furlan Roberto 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIL-27 and IL-35 are heterodimeric cytokines, members of the IL-12 family and considered to have immunomodulatory properties. Their role during neuroinflammation had been investigated using mutant mice devoid of either one of their subunits or lacking components of their receptors, yielding conflicting results. We sought to understand the therapeutic potential of IL-27 and IL-35 delivered by gene therapy in neuroinflammation. We constructed lentiviral vectors expressing IL-27 and IL-35 from a single polypeptide chain, and we validated in vitro their biological activity. We injected IL-27 and IL-35-expressing lentiviral vectors into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of mice affected by experimental neuroinflammation (EAE), and performed clinical, neuropathological and immunological analyses. Both cytokines interfere with neuroinflammation, but only IL-27 significantly modulates disease development, both clinically and neuropathologically. IL-27 protects from autoimmune inflammation by inhibiting granulocyte macrophages colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression in CD4+ T cells and by inducing program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in both CNS-resident and CNS-infiltrating myeloid cells. We demonstrate here that IL-27 holds therapeutic potential during neuroinflammation and that IL-27 inhibits GM-CSF and induces pd-l1 mRNA in vivo.
Ripening-induced chemical modifications of papaya pectin inhibit cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Prado Samira Bernardino Ramos do , Ferreira Gabrielle Fernandez , Harazono Yosuke , Shiga Tânia Misuzu , Raz Avraham , Carpita Nicholas C. , Fabi João Paulo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPapaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fleshy fruit with a rapid pulp softening during ripening. Ripening events are accompanied by gradual depolymerization of pectic polysaccharides, including homogalacturonans, rhamnogalacturonans, arabinogalactans, and their modified forms. During intermediate phases of papaya ripening, partial depolymerization of pectin to small size with decreased branching had enhanced pectin anti-cancer properties. These properties were lost with continued decomposition at later phases of ripening. Pectin extracted from intermediate phases of papaya ripening markedly decreased cell viability, induced necroptosis, and delayed culture wound closing in three types of immortalized cancer cell lines. The possible explanation for these observations is that papaya pectins extracted from the third day after harvesting have disrupted interaction between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix proteins, enhancing cell detachment and promoting apoptosis/necroptosis. The anticancer activity of papaya pectin is dependent on the presence and the branch of arabinogalactan type II (AGII) structure. These are first reports of AGII in papaya pulp and the first reports of an in vitro biological activity of papaya pectins that were modified by natural action of ripening-induced pectinolytic enzymes. Identification of the specific pectin branching structures presents a biological route to enhancing anti-cancer properties in papaya and other climacteric fruits.
Characterising Pre-pubertal Resistance to Death from Endotoxemia
Authors: Joachim Rose , Suber Freeman , Kobzik Lester 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSepsis is a common and deadly syndrome in which a dysregulated host response to infection causes organ failure and death. The current lack of treatment options suggests that a new approach to studying sepsis is needed. Pre-pubertal children show a relative resistance to death from severe infections and sepsis. To explore this phenomenon experimentally, we used an endotoxemia model of sepsis in mice. Following intra-peritoneal injection of endotoxin, pre-pubertal mice showed greater survival than post-pubertal mice (76.3% vs. 28.6%), despite exhibiting a similar degree of inflammation after two hours. Age-associated differences in the inflammatory response only became evident at twenty hours, when post-pubertal mice showed prolonged elevation of serum cytokines and differential recruitment of peritoneal immune cells. Mechanistically, prevention of puberty by hormonal blockade or acceleration of puberty by oestrogen treatment led to increased or decreased survival from endotoxemia, respectively. Additionally, the adoptive transfer of pre-pubertal peritoneal cells improved the survival of post-pubertal recipient mice, while post-pubertal peritoneal cells or vehicle did not. These data establish a model for studying childhood resistance to mortality from endotoxemia, demonstrate that oestrogen is responsible for an increased susceptibility to mortality after puberty, and identify peritoneal cells as mediators of pre-pubertal resistance.
Impact of Mismatch Angle on Electronic Transport Across Grain Boundaries and Interfaces in 2D Materials
Authors: Majee Arnab K. , Foss Cameron J. , Aksamija Zlatan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe study the impact of grain boundaries (GB) and misorientation angles between grains on electronic transport in 2-dimensional materials. Here we have developed a numerical model based on the first-principles electronic bandstructure calculations in conjunction with a method which computes electron transmission coefficients from simultaneous conservation of energy and momentum at the interface to essentially evaluate GB/interface resistance in a Landauer formalism. We find that the resistance across graphene GBs vary over a wide range depending on misorientation angles and type of GBs, starting from 53 Ω μm for low-mismatch angles in twin (symmetric) GBs to about 1020 Ω μm for 21° mismatch in tilt (asymmetric) GBs. On the other hand, misorientation angles have weak influence on the resistance across MoS2GBs, ranging from about 130 Ω μm for low mismatch angles to about 6000 Ω μm for 21°. The interface resistance across graphene-MoS2heterojunctions also exhibits a strong dependence on misorientation angles with resistance values ranging from about 100 Ω μm for low-mismatch angles in Class-I (symmetric) interfaces to 1015 Ω μm for 14° mismatch in Class-II (asymmetric) interfaces. Overall, symmetric homo/heterojunctions exhibit a weak dependence on misorientation angles, while in MoS2both symmetric and asymmetric GBs show a gradual dependence on mismatch angles.
Macropis fulvipes Venom component Macropin Exerts its Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Properties by Damaging the Plasma Membranes of Drug Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Ko Su Jin , Kim Min Kyung , Bang Jeong Kyu , Seo Chang Ho , Luchian Tudor , Park Yoonkyung 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe abuse of antibiotics for disease treatment has led to the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides, found naturally in various organisms, have received increasing interest as alternatives to conventional antibiotics because of their broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity. In a previous report, Macropin, isolated from bee venom, exhibited antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and negative bacteria. In the present study, Macropin was synthesized and its antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities were tested against bacterial strains, including gram-positive and negative bacteria, and drug resistant bacteria. Moreover, Macropin did not exhibit hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity to keratinocytes, whereas Melittin, as a positive control, showed very high toxicity. Circular dichroism assays showed that Macropin has an α-helical structure in membrane mimic environments. Macropin binds to peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide and kills the bacteria by disrupting their membranes. Moreover, the fractional inhibitory concentration index indicated that Macropin has additive and partially synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics against drug resistant bacteria. Thus, our study suggested that Macropin has potential for use of an antimicrobial agent for infectious bacteria, including drug resistant bacteria.
Transformation of Organostannanes Based on Photocleavage of C-Sn Bond via Single Electron Transfer Process
Authors: Li Han , Jin Ruiwen , Li Yawei , Ding Aishun , Hao Xinqi , Guo Hao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this work, we developed a new method for the transformation of organostannanes via radical process. In this reaction, highly reactive carbon radical species can be efficiently generated through HBr-catalyzed photocleavage of C-Sn bond via single electron transfer process. Under aerobic conditions, thein situformed primary/secondary alkyl radicals can be further highly selectively oxidized into carboxylic acids/ketones, respectively.
A novel method for calculating the dynamic capillary force and correcting the pressure error in micro-tube experiment
Authors: Wang Shuoliang , Liu Pengcheng , Zhao Hui , Zhang Yuan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMicro-tube experiment has been implemented to understand the mechanisms of governing microcosmic fluid percolation and is extensively used in both fields of micro electromechanical engineering and petroleum engineering. The measured pressure difference across the microtube is not equal to the actual pressure difference across the microtube. Taking into account the additional pressure losses between the outlet of the micro tube and the outlet of the entire setup, we propose a new method for predicting the dynamic capillary pressure using the Level-set method. We first demonstrate it is a reliable method for describing microscopic flow by comparing the micro-model flow-test results against the predicted results using the Level-set method. In the proposed approach, Level-set method is applied to predict the pressure distribution along the microtube when the fluids flow along the microtube at a given flow rate; the microtube used in the calculation has the same size as the one used in the experiment. From the simulation results, the pressure difference across a curved interface (i.e., dynamic capillary pressure) can be directly obtained. We also show that dynamic capillary force should be properly evaluated in the micro-tube experiment in order to obtain the actual pressure difference across the microtube.
The spectral, spatial and contrast sensitivity of human polarization pattern perception
Authors: Misson Gary P. , Anderson Stephen J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIt is generally believed that humans perceive linear polarized light following its conversion into a luminance signal by diattenuating macular structures. Measures of polarization sensitivity may therefore allow a targeted assessment of macular function. Our aim here was to quantify psychophysical characteristics of human polarization perception using grating and optotype stimuli defined solely by their state of linear polarization. We show: (i) sensitivity to polarization patterns follows the spectral sensitivity of macular pigment; (ii) the change in sensitivity across the central field follows macular pigment density; (iii) polarization patterns are identifiable across a range of contrasts and scales, and can be resolved with an acuity of 15.4 cycles/degree (0.29 logMAR); and (iv) the human eye can discriminate between areas of linear polarization differing in electric field vector orientation by as little as 4.4°. These findings, which support the macular diattenuator model of polarization sensitivity, are unique for vertebrates and approach those of some invertebrates with a well-developed polarization sense. We conclude that this sensory modality extends beyond Haidinger’s brushes to the recognition of quantifiable spatial polarization-modulated patterns. Furthermore, the macular origin and sensitivity of human polarization pattern perception makes it potentially suitable for the detection and quantification of macular dysfunction.
The Latest Developments of Functional Molecular Imaging in the Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Naruse Mitsuhide , Umakoshi Hironobu , Tsuiki Mika , Yokomoto Maki , Tagami Tetsuya , Tanabe Akiyo , Shimatsu Akira 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDifferentiation of unilateral from bilateral aldosterone hypersecretion is the essential step in the clinical practice of primary aldosteronism (PA). Although adrenal venous sampling (AVS) has been established as the most standard test recommended by the guideline, its invasive and technically difficult nature has facilitated the approach to develop non-invasive functioning imaging as an alternative test. Compared to the conventional adrenocortical scintigraphy with cholesterol derivatives as tracer, the first-generation imaging, both of 11C-MTO/PET and 123I-IMTO/SPECT/CT, the second-generation imaging, bind with high specificity and affinity to CYP11B enzymes and have advantages in shortening the time for obtaining specific images, reducing the radiation exposure to the patient, and resolution of the images. Because of very short half-life of 11C-MTO, 123I-IMTO has a potential for a wider application than 11C-MTO. Sensitivity of identifying an adenoma smaller than 1 cm in diameter is still a common limitation of these new functional imaging methods. The new functional imaging could be supplementary to AVS in lateralization of PA when the results of AVS are not conclusive. To be a substitute for AVS, however, it should fulfill various conditions including high selectivity and binding affinity to CYP11B2, high sensitivity in detecting small adenoma, high resolution image, reduction of radiation exposure, and general versatility. Considering the potential number of patients, cost-effectiveness of the subtype testing in the clinical practice of PA could be one of the issues of the medical expenses. Thus, development of a new non-invasive functional imaging will have a significant impact on the clinical practice of PA and hypertension.
Deutschsprachige Übersetzung und Validierung der Risikobereitschaftskurzskala (RBS-K) für Risikosportarten
Authors: Frühauf Anika , Niedermeier Martin , Ruedl Gerhard , Barlow Matthew , Woodman Tim , Kopp Martin 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Ausübung von Risikosportarten scheint sich steigender Beliebtheit zu erfreuen. Im deutschsprachigen Raum wird gegenwärtig als validiertes Erhebungsinstrument in Bezug auf das Risikoverhalten im Sport vorwiegend die Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS-V) zum Einsatz gebracht. Neben der langen Bearbeitungsdauer diskutiert die neuere Literatur einen zu einseitigen Blickwinkel dieses Instruments auf die Erlebniserfahrung. Die englischsprachige Risikobereitschaftskurzskala (RBS-K) ist ein kurzer Fragebogen zur Erhebung des Risikoverhaltens bei der Sportausübung. Sie besteht aus drei Fragen und wurde speziell zur Anwendung in der Feldforschung konzipiert. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Validierung der RBS-K in deutscher Sprache.
Methodik Zur Validierung wurden 2399 Personen befragt, welche eine Risikosportart ausüben (820 Feld- und 1579 Onlineerhebungen). Die RBS-K, die aus dem Englischen ins Deutsche hin- und rückübersetzt wurde, teilt die Personengruppe in risikofreudige (Mittelwert + Standardabweichung) und risikoaverse Personen (Mittelwert – Standardabweichung) ein. Als Außenkriterien wurden die SSS-V und die Verwicklung in ein Unfallgeschehen abgefragt. Untersucht wurden die interne Konsistenz sowie Korrelationen zu SSS-V, Alter, Geschlecht und Unfallgeschehen. Gruppenunterschiede in den Außenkriterien wurden zwischen risikofreudigen und risikoaversen Personen berechnet.
Ergebnisse Die interne Konsistenz der RBS-K zeigt ein Cronbachs alpha von 0,56 und ein McDonalds omega von 0,63. Es ergaben sich signifikante Korrelationen zwischen RBS-K und SSS-V, sowie Alter und Geschlecht. Im Vergleich zu den risikoaversen Personen (n = 643, 26,8 %) erreichten die risikofreudigen Personen (n = 319, 13,3 %) einen signifikant höheren SSS-V Gesamtscore, sowie signifikant höhere Werte in den einzelnen SSS-V Subskalen. Des Weiteren waren sie signifikant jünger, hauptsächlich männlich und hatten eine höhere Unfallverwicklung.
Schlussfolgerung Trotz der geringen internen Konsistenz, die vorwiegend auf die unterschiedlichen Dimensionen und die geringe Itemanzahl der Kurzskala zurückzuführen sind, diskriminiert die RBS-K gut auf Außenkriterien wie Alter, Geschlecht und Unfallgeschehen gemäß dem aktuellen Wissensstand. Des Weiteren zeigten sich akzeptable Korrelationen zur SSS-V. Aufgrund der vorliegenden Ergebnisse und durch die kompakte Form erscheint die Skala gut geeignet für Erhebungen im Feld.
Peroral endoscopic myotomy in treatment-naïve achalasia patients versus prior treatment failure cases
Authors: Nabi Zaheer , Ramchandani Mohan , Chavan Radhika , Tandan Manu , Kalapala Rakesh , Darisetty Santosh , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Rao G. , Reddy D. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background and study aim Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has emerged as an effective treatment modality for achalasia. Prior treatment may affect the outcomes of subsequent management. In this study, we aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of POEM in treatment-naïve patients vs. those with prior treatment failure (PTF).
Patients and methods The data of consecutive patients with achalasia who underwent POEM at a single tertiary care center from January 2013 to November 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. A comparative analysis was performed between treatment-naïve and PTF cases. Technical and clinical success, adverse events, and operative time for POEM were compared between the two groups.
Results Overall, 502 patients with achalasia underwent POEM during the study period: 260 patients (51.8 %) in the treatment-naïve group and 242 patients (48.2 %) in the PTF group. The mean operative time was significantly longer in the PTF group compared with the treatment-naïve group (74.9 ± 30.6 vs. 67.0 ± 27.1 minutes; P  = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, type of achalasia, dilated esophagus ( > 6 cm), disease duration, prior treatment, occurrence of adverse events, and type of knife used were significant predictors of operative time. Technical success (98.1 % vs. 97.1 %; P = 0.56) and clinical success (92.4 % vs. 92.5 %; P  = 0.95) were comparable in the treatment-naïve and PTF cases, respectively. Occurrence of gas-related events and mucosotomy were similar in both groups. Elevated DeMeester score was found in 17 /53 patients (32.1 %) in the PTF group and in 11 /44 patients (25.0 %) in the treatment-naïve group (P = 0.50).
Conclusion POEM is safe and equally effective for treatment-naïve patients and for those in whom prior treatment has failed. POEM should be considered the treatment of choice in patients in whom prior treatment has failed.
Diabetische Nephropathie - Grundlagen und Hintergründe
Authors: Löwe Paula , Chatzikyrkou Christos , Mertens Peter 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungEine Nephropathie als Komplikation des Diabetes mellitus tritt bei 30 % aller Patienten auf und ist weltweit die häufigste Ursache für eine Dialysepflichtigkeit. Die Prognose quoad vitam ist bei eingetretener Dialysepflichtigkeit vergleichbar mit der eines metastasierten Magenkarzinoms. Risikofaktoren für eine Nierenschädigung sind eine genetische Prädisposition, stark schwankende und erhöhte Blutzuckerwerte sowie ein unkontrollierter Bluthochdruck. In der Pathogenese wurden metabolische und hämodynamische Faktoren untersucht, jedoch nicht alleinig prognosebestimmend gefunden. Eher stehen inflammatorische und fehlgeleitete Vernarbungsprozesse im Fokus, molekulare Prozesse sind bislang unvollständig verstanden. Dies könnte erklären, warum individuelle Risikoabschätzungen ohne zusätzliche Informationen über Nierenveränderungen nur unbefriedigend möglich sind. Histologisch fallen in den Nieren verbreiterte Basalmembranen auf, zudem treten in den Nierenkörperchen diffuse oder knötchenartige (noduläre, Kimmelstiel-Wilson-Läsion) Vernarbungen auf. Demnach entspricht die diabetische Nephropathie nicht einer singulären Entität, sondern weist Unterformen auf, die (histo-)morphologisch differenzierbar sind, jedoch bislang selten bioptisch nach festgeschriebenen Kriterien eingeteilt werden. Spezifische therapeutische Interventionen über allgemein nephroprotektive Maßnahmen hinaus zur Vermeidung einer Nierenschädigung bei Diabetes sind bislang nicht etabliert. Interventionen bedürften Einsichten in krankheitsverursachende Pathomechanismen und Prognoseabschätzungen.