bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OP-1 Compared with Iliac Crest Autograft in Instrumented Posterolateral Fusion
Authors: Delawi Diyar , Jacobs Wilco , van Susante Job L.C. , Rillardon Ludovic , Prestamburgo Domenico , Specchia Nicola , Gay Emmanuel , Verschoor Nico , Garcia-Fernandez Carlos , Guerado Enrique , Quarles van Ufford Henriette , Kruyt Moyo C. , Dhert Wouter J.A. , Oner F. Cumhur 
Published: March 2016

Background:
Spinal fusion with the use of autograft is a commonly performed procedure. However, harvesting of bone from the iliac crest is associated with complications. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are extensively used as alternatives, often without sufficient evidence of safety and efficacy. The purpose of this study was to investigate non-inferiority of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1, also known as BMP-7) in comparison with iliac crest bone graft in posterolateral fusions.

Methods:
This study was a randomized, controlled multicenter trial. Patients who underwent a single-level instrumented posterolateral fusion of the lumbar spine for degenerative or isthmic spondylolisthesis with symptoms of neurological compression were randomized to receive OP-1 combined with local bone (OP-1 group) or autologous bone graft from the iliac crest combined with local bone (autograft group). The primary outcome was overall success, defined as a combination of clinical success and evidence of fusion on computed tomography (CT) scans, at one year postoperatively.

Results:
One hundred and nineteen patients were included in the study, and analysis of the overall outcome was performed for 113. Non-inferiority of OP-1 compared with iliac crest autograft was not found at one year, with a success rate of 40% in the OP-1 group versus 54% in the autograft group (risk difference = −13.3%, 90% confidence interval [CI] = −28.6% to +2.10%). This was due to the lower rate of fusion (the primary aim of OP-1 application) seen on the CT scans in the OP-1 group (54% versus 74% in the autograft group, p = 0.03). There were no adverse events that could be directly related to the use of OP-1.

Conclusions:
OP-1 with a collagen carrier was not as effective as autologous iliac crest bone for achieving fusion and cannot be recommended in instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion procedures.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Relative Permeability of Foamy Oil for Different Types of Dissolved Gases
Authors: Bera Achinta , Babadagli Tayfun 
Published: March 2016

Summary
Foamy-oil flow is encountered not only during the primary stage of the cold-heavy-oil-production (CHOP) process through evolving methane originally in the oil but also in the post-CHOP enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) applications in which different gases are injected and dissolved in heavy oil. Despite remarkable efforts on the physics of foamy oil flow, the mechanics of its flow through porous media is not properly understood yet. This is mainly because of lack of detailed experimental studies at the core scale to clarify the physics of the process and to support numerical-modeling studies. One also should test foamy-oil flow for different types of EOR gases dissolved and evolved at different conditions under pressure depletion.
The objective of the present work is to perform detailed laboratory experiments on foamy-oil flow through porous media. Pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) studies were conducted to determine the actual pressure ranges in the coreflooding experiments in the beginning. After dissolving different gases in dead oil at 400 psi for methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and 112 psi for propane, the oil was injected into a sandpack to saturate it. The solution-gas-drive test was started by opening the outlet valve of the coreholder after reaching equilibrium. To mimic typical post-CHOP EOR conditions with methane, propane, or CO2 injection, the pressure was kept high (400 psi for CO2 and CH4 and 112 psi for propane). The produced oil by solution-gas drive and the gas evolved were monitored by collecting them in a graduated cylinder and a gas cylinder, respectively, while the pressure was recorded by an automatic data-acquisition system. The experimental data provided information about the effect of initial pressure of the depletion test in the amount of oil and gas measured as well as the visual observations of bubble characteristics of the foamy oil. Results showed that, among the three gases, CO2 is a good candidate for foamy oil. Maximum oil recovery [more than 50% of original oil in place (OIP) (OOIP)] was obtained in case of CO2.
THE MAGNETIC CLASSIFICATION OF SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS 1992–2015
Authors: Jaeggli S. A. , Norton A. A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this Letter is to address a blindspot in our knowledge of solar active region (AR) statistics. To the best of our knowledge, there are no published results showing the variation of the Mount Wilson magnetic classifications as a function of solar cycle based on modern observations. We show statistics for all ARs reported in the daily Solar Region Summary from 1992 January 1 to 2015 December 31. We find that the α and β class ARs (including all sub-groups, e.g., βγ, βδ) make up fractions of approximately 20% and 80% of the sample, respectively. This fraction is relatively constant during high levels of activity; however, an increase in the α fraction to about 35% and and a decrease in the β fraction to about 65% can be seen near each solar minimum and are statistically significant at the 2σ level. Over 30% of all ARs observed during the years of solar maxima were appended with the classifications γ and/or δ, while these classifications account for only a fraction of a percent during the years near the solar minima. This variation in the AR types indicates that the formation of complex ARs may be due to the pileup of frequent emergence of magnetic flux during solar maximum, rather than the emergence of complex, monolithic flux structures.
Disability in Fibromyalgia Associates with Symptom Severity and Occupation Characteristics
Authors: Fitzcharles Mary-Ann , Ste-Marie Peter A. , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Sampalis John S. , Shir Yoram 
Published: March 2016

Objective.It is intuitive that disability caused by illness should be reflected in illness severity. Because disability rates for fibromyalgia (FM) are high in the developed world, we have examined disease and work characteristics for patients with FM who were working, unemployed, or receiving disability payments for disability as a result of FM.Methods.Of the 248 participants in a tertiary care cohort study of patients with FM, 90 were employed, 81 were not employed and not receiving disability payments, and 77 were not working and currently receiving disability payments awarded for disability caused by FM. Demographic, occupation, and disease characteristics were compared among the groups.Results.The prevalence of disability caused by FM was 30.8%. There were no demographic differences among the working, unemployed, or disabled patients. With the exception of measures for anxiety and depression, all measurements for disease severity differed significantly among the groups, with greater severity reported for the disabled group, which used more medications and participated less in physical activity. Disabled patients were more likely previously employed in manual professions or the service industry, whereas employed patients were more commonly working in non-manual jobs that included clerical, managerial, or professional occupations (p = 0.005).Conclusion.The one-third rate of disability for this Canadian cohort of patients with FM is in line with other reports from the western world. Associations of disability compensation were observed for subjective report of symptom severity, increased use of medications, and previous employment in more physically demanding jobs.
The Indian Ocean and Swahili Coast coins, international networks and local developments
Authors: Perkins John 
Published: March 2016

The distinctive coinage of the Swahili Coast (c. 800–1500) has for a long time been seen as a barbarized coinage on the edge of the Islamic world, a product of colonial settlements of Arabs and Persians. With new evidence becoming available, the towns have taken their place as flourishing African trading ports, homogenously developed from local villages. One of the most durable remains of archaeological material culture in these towns, the coins, has not received the same attention, despite their being one of the keys to further understanding the Swahili stone towns. By deconstructing the previous hunt for precedents, it is argued that the coins are a stand-out marker of the Swahili stone town culture and not simply poor copies of other Islamic Indian Ocean coinages. However, their role both on the Swahili Coast and the Indian Ocean world is still poorly understood; and in the search for a clearer idea of their purpose, this paper not only looks at them from a local perspective, but also looks at the wider implications for coin use in the Indian Ocean trade.
L’immigration indentured à l’île Maurice, 1840-1870 : conditions, abus et résistance
Authors: Stanziani Alessandro 
Published: March 2016

Cet article étudie l’engagisme à l’île Maurice entre les années 1840 et 1870. Il analyse en particulier les formes du travail, le niveau et les modalités de paiement des gages, les dettes et épargnes éventuelles, l’assistance médicale, le rapatriement. Comme ces aspects sont fortement différenciés d’un district à l’autre, voire d’une plantation à l’autre, nous essayerons de dépasser un cadre explicatif général valable pour l’ensemble de l’île. Cette échelle micro est indispensable afin d’aboutir à des analyses moins simplistes des formes de la dépendance. Sans vouloir renoncer à mettre en évidence des tendances et des explications générales, il est néanmoins important de rendre compte du fait que la plupart des modèles de la dépendance au travail – liant, par exemple, la coercition à la rareté de travail, à la taille de l’exploitation ou encore à l’accès au crédit et à l’endettement du propriétaire – méritent d’être discutés au sein de leurs contextes propres, en prenant en considération l’histoire particulière du domaine et de son propriétaire.
Divergent patterns in Indian Ocean trade to East Africa and southern Africa between the 7th and 17th centuries CE: The glass bead evidence
Authors: Wood Marilee 
Published: March 2016

Glass beads form a large part of archaeological evidence attesting to Indian Ocean trade with eastern Africa between the 7th and 17th century CE, but they have generally been under-utilized by archaeologists in their efforts to understand and interpret that trade. Research in the past decade has identified seven bead series that were present in southern Africa during this time span, and chemical analysis has opened windows on the origins of the glasses used to make the beads. Together they facilitate the recreation of the changing trade patterns that will be explored here. In addition, the differences between the bead assemblages found on the northern and southern ends of the coast and the interior demonstrate that the two regions appear to have had different trade relations. The beads suggest that trade, or at least the trade in beads, to the south was never completely controlled by the north and at times may have been quite separate.
Chinese-style ceramics in East Africa from the 9th to 16th century: A case of changing value and symbols in the multi-partner global trade
Authors: Zhao Bing 
Published: March 2016

In this case study dedicated to Chinese style ceramic sherds excavated from archeological sites in East Africa, we have made use of multiple approaches. First, from a local viewpoint, the density of Chinese style ceramic sherds at a site may be used as a measurement tool to evaluate the degree of its involvement in long distance trade. In concentrating on the analyses of regional and global contexts, we propose a tentative division of Chinese style ceramics found in East Africa according to four phases: phase I (ca. 800-950/80 CE), phase II (950/80-1220/50 CE), phase III (1220/50-1430/50 CE), phase IV (1430/50-1500/510 CE). Chinese-style ceramics travelled from the production sites in China and South-East Asia to East Africa, by passing successively from different regional networks, that formed the multi-partner global networks. Thus, the periodization of Chinese imports in East Africa appears to show that each phase appears to fall within a particular configuration of these successive trade networks.From the 12th century onwards, ceramics became the first Chinese exported goods in maritime trade. From the global context of Sino-Swahili trade, the inequitable nature of the cheap Chinese ceramics traded against highly valued African commodities should also be mentioned. Nevertheless, our study shows the powerful social symbolic of Chinese ceramics in the Swahili world. From the local lens, it is the phenomenon of a changing value of Chinese ceramics in the long-distance trade. Indeed the “exotic” character of Chinese style ceramics seems to have been intentionally valorized in cultural practices such as feasts. Consequently, these objects actively contributed to the expanding power of the merchant elite, who took full possession of it both materially and symbolically.
Efficient Implementation of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) with Plane Sweep Algorithm
Authors: Wang Dong , Zhou Yisong , Shao Sihong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNeighbour search (NS) is the core of any implementations of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). In this paper,we present an efficientneighbour search method based on the plane sweep (PW) algorithm withNbeing the number of SPH particles. The resulting method, dubbed the PWNS method, is totally independent of grids (i.e., purely meshfree) and capable of treating variable smoothing length, arbitrary particle distribution and heterogenous kernels. Several state-of-the-art data structures and algorithms, e.g., the segment tree and the Morton code, are optimized and implemented. By simply allowingmultiple lines to sweep the SPH particles simultaneously from different initial positions, a parallelization of the PWNS method with satisfactory speedup and load-balancing can be easily achieved. That is, the PWNS SPH solver has a great potential for large scale fluid dynamics simulations.
Numerical Methods for Solving the Hartree-Fock Equations of Diatomic Molecules II
Authors: Morrison John C. , Steffen Kyle , Pantoja Blake , Nagaiya Asha , Kobus Jacek , Ericsson Thomas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn order to solve the partial differential equations that arise in the Hartree- Fock theory for diatomicmolecules and inmolecular theories that include electron correlation, one needs efficient methods for solving partial differential equations. In this article, we present numerical results for a two-variablemodel problem of the kind that arises when one solves the Hartree-Fock equations for a diatomic molecule. We compare results obtained using the spline collocation and domain decomposition methods with third-order Hermite splines to results obtained using the more-established finite difference approximation and the successive over-relaxation method. The theory of domain decomposition presented earlier is extended to treat regions that are divided into an arbitrary number of subregions by families of lines parallel to the two coordinate axes. While the domain decomposition method and the finite difference approach both yield results at the micro-Hartree level, the finite difference approach with a 9- point difference formula produces the same level of accuracy with fewer points. The domain decompositionmethod has the strength that it can be applied to problemswith a large number of grid points. The time required to solve a partial differential equation for a fine grid with a large number of points goes down as the number of partitions increases. The reason for this is that the length of time necessary for solving a set of linear equations in each subregion is very much dependent upon the number of equations. Even though a finer partition of the region has more subregions, the time for solving the set of linear equations in each subregion is very much smaller. This feature of the theory may well prove to be a decisive factor for solving the two-electron pair equation, which – for a diatomic molecule – involves solving partial differential equations with five independent variables. The domain decomposition theory also makes it possible to study complex molecules by dividing them into smaller fragments that are calculated independently. Since the domain decomposition approachmakes it possible to decompose the variable space into separate regions in which the equations are solved independently, this approach is well-suited to parallel computing.
Automated Parallel and Body-Fitted Mesh Generation in Finite Element Simulation of Macromolecular Systems
Authors: Xie Yan , Liu Tiantian , Tu Bin , Lu Benzhuo , Zhang Linbo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMesh generation is a bottleneck for finite element simulations of biomolecules. A robust and efficient approach, based on the immersed boundary method proposed in [8], has been developed and implemented to generate large-scale mesh body-fitted to molecular shape for general parallel finite element simulations. The molecular Gaussian surface is adopted to represent the molecular surface, and is finally approximated by piecewise planes via the tool phgSurfaceCut in PHG [43], which is improved and can reliably handle complicated molecular surfaces, through mesh refinement steps. A coarse background mesh is imported first and then is distributed into each process using a mesh partitioning algorithm such as space filling curve [5] or METIS [22]. A bisection method is used for the mesh refinements according to the molecular PDB or PQR file which describes the biomolecular region. After mesh refinements, the mesh is optionally repartitioned and redistributed for load balancing. For finite element simulations, the modification of region mark and boundary types is done in parallel. Our parallel mesh generation method has been successfully applied to a sphere cavity model, a DNA fragment, a gramicidin A channel and a huge Dengue virus system. The results of numerical experiments show good parallel efficiency. Computations of electrostatic potential and solvation energy also validate the method. Moreover, the meshing process and adaptive finite element computation can be integrated as one PHG project to avoid the mesh importing and exporting costs, and improve the convenience of application as well.
Simulating Biofilm Deformation and Detachment with the Immersed Boundary Method
Authors: Sudarsan Rangarajan , Ghosh Sudeshna , Stockie John M. , Eberl Hermann J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe apply the immersed boundary (or IB) method to simulate deformation and detachment of a periodic array of wall-bounded biofilm colonies in response to a linear shear flow. The biofilm material is represented as a network of Hookean springs that are placed along the edges of a triangulation of the biofilm region. The interfacial shear stress, lift and drag forces acting on the biofilm colony are computed by using fluid stress jump method developed by Williams, Fauci and Gaver [Disc. Con-tin. Dyn. Sys. B11(2):519–540, 2009], with a modified version of their exclusion filter. Our detachment criterion is based on the novel concept of an averaged equivalent continuum stress tensor defined at each IB point in the biofilm which is then used to determine a corresponding von Mises yield stress; wherever this yield stress exceeds a given critical threshold the connections to that node are severed, thereby signalling the onset of a detachment event. In order to capture the deformation and detachment behaviour of a biofilm colony at different stages of growth, we consider a family of four biofilm shapes with varying aspect ratio. For each aspect ratio, we varied the spacing between colonies to investigate role of spatial clustering in offering protection against detachment. Our numerical simulations focus on the behaviour of weak biofilms (with relatively low yield stress threshold) and investigate features of the fluid-structure interaction such as locations of maximum shear and increased drag. The most important conclusions of this work are: (a) reducing the spacing between colonies reduces drag by from 50 to 100% and alters the interfacial shear stress profile, suggesting that even weak biofilms may be able to grow into tall structures because of the protection they gain from spatial proximity with other colonies; (b) the commonly employed detachment strategy in biofilm models based only on interfacial shear stress can lead to incorrect or inaccurate results when applied to the study of shear induced detachment of weak biofilms. Our detachment strategy based on equivalent continuum stresses provides a unified and consistent IB framework that handles both sloughing and erosion modes of biofilm detachment, and is consistent with strategies employed in many other continuum based biofilm models.
A 3D Multi-Phase Hydrodynamic Model for Cytokinesis of Eukaryotic Cells
Authors: Zhao Jia , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the late stage of the mitotic cycle of eukaryotic cells, cytokinesis ensues during which a parent cell replicates its nucleus with the necessary genetical substances (i.e., DNAs and chromosomes) and splits into two similar offspring cells. This mitotic process involves complex chemical, biophysical andmechanical processes whose details are just beginning to be unfolded experimentally. In this paper, we propose a full 3-D hydrodynamical model using a phase field approach to study the cellular morphological change during cytokinesis. In this model, the force along the contracting ring induced by remodeling of actin-myosin filament on cell cortex layer at the division plane of the parent cell during cytokinesis, is approximated using a proxy force anchored on the newly formed nuclei. The symmetric or asymmetric cell division is simulated numerically with the model. Our numerical results show that the location of the division plane and the contracting force along the cytokinetic ring on the division plane are essential for the cell division. In addition, our numerical study also shows that, during cytokinesis, surface tension of the cell membrane also contributes to this process by retaining the morphological integrity of the offspring cells. This model and the accompanying numerical simulation tool provide a solid framework to build upon with more sophisticated whole cell models to probe the cell mitotic process.
A Multigrid Method for Ground State Solution of Bose-Einstein Condensates
Authors: Xie Hehu , Xie Manting 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA multigrid method is proposed to compute the ground state solution of Bose-Einstein condensations by the finite element method based on the multilevel correction for eigenvalue problems and the multigrid method for linear boundary value problems. In this scheme, obtaining the optimal approximation for the ground state solution of Bose-Einstein condensates includes a sequence of solutions of the linear boundary value problems by the multigrid method on the multilevel meshes and some solutions of nonlinear eigenvalue problems some very low dimensional finite element space. The total computational work of this scheme can reach almost the same optimal order as solving the corresponding linear boundary value problem. Therefore, this type of multigrid scheme can improve the overall efficiency for the simulation of Bose-Einstein condensations. Some numerical experiments are provided to validate the efficiency of the proposed method.