bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Food Waste to Efficient Bifunctional Nonprecious Electrocatalyst
Authors: Hof Ferdinand , Boni Alessandro , Valenti Giovanni , Huang Kai , Paolucci Francesco , Pénicaud Alain 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSynergy between graphitic nanocarbon, obtainable from food waste through cracking of biomethane, and iron oxide nanoparticles provides access to efficient bifunctional electro catalysts. Dissolution of potassium‐intercalated graphitic nanocarbons yields graphenide solutions with calibrated, small lateral size‐reduced graphenes that are used subsequently as reducing agents of iron metal salts. This results in the strong binding of small size (2–5 nm) nanoparticles on the carbon framework homogeneously within the composite material, accessibility of the catalytic centers, and good conductivity provided by the underlying carbon framework. The iron oxide nanocarbon electrocatalyst performances are highlighted by the overall overpotential of approximately 1 V needed to reach the benchmark threshold of 10 mA cm−2 for the oxygen reduction reaction and the particular activity towards oxygen evolution reaction (η≈0.4 V at 10 mA cm−2), comparable to that of the precious RuO2 and IrO2 catalysts. This iron oxide/nanocarbon electrocatalyst is versatile, remarkably active, stable, and truly sustainable.
A Simple Local Correlation Energy Functional for Spherically Confined Atoms from ab Initio Correlation Energy Density
Authors: Vyboishchikov Sergei F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe propose a simple method of calculating the electron correlation energy density ec(r) and the correlation potential Vc(r) from second‐order Møller–Plesset amplitudes and its generalization for the case of a configuration interaction wavefunction, based on Nesbet's theorem. The correlation energy density obtained by this method for free and spherically confined Be and He atoms was employed to fit a local analytical density functional based on Wigner's functional. The functional is capable of producing a strong increase in the correlation energy with decreasing confined radius for the Be atom.
Evolution of a mating preference for a dual‐utility trait used in intrasexual competition in genetically monogamous populations
Authors: Stern Caitlin A. , Servedio Maria R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe selection pressures by which mating preferences for ornamental traits can evolve in genetically monogamous mating systems remain understudied. Empirical evidence from several taxa supports the prevalence of dual‐utility traits, defined as traits used both as armaments in intersexual selection and ornaments in intrasexual selection, as well as the importance of intrasexual resource competition for the evolution of female ornamentation. Here, we study whether mating preferences for traits used in intrasexual resource competition can evolve under genetic monogamy. We find that a mating preference for a competitive trait can evolve and affect the evolution of the trait. The preference is more likely to persist when the fecundity benefit for mates of successful competitors is large and the aversion to unornamented potential mates is strong. The preference can persist for long periods or potentially permanently even when it incurs slight costs. Our results suggest that, when females use ornaments as signals in intrasexual resource competition, males can evolve mating preferences for those ornaments, illuminating both the evolution of female ornamentation and the evolution of male preferences for female ornaments in monogamous species.
Stormwater management network effectiveness and implications for urban watershed function: A critical review
Authors: Jefferson Anne J. , Bhaskar Aditi S. , Hopkins Kristina G. , Fanelli Rosemary , Avellaneda Pedro M. , McMillan Sara K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDeleterious effects of urban stormwater are widely recognized. In several countries, regulations have been put into place to improve the conditions of receiving water bodies, but planning and engineering of stormwater control is typically carried out at smaller scales. Quantifying cumulative effectiveness of many stormwater control measures on a watershed scale is critical to understanding how small‐scale practices translate to urban river health. We review 100 empirical and modelling studies of stormwater management effectiveness at the watershed scale in diverse physiographic settings. Effects of networks with stormwater control measures (SCMs) that promote infiltration and harvest have been more intensively studied than have detention‐based SCM networks. Studies of peak flows and flow volumes are common, whereas baseflow, groundwater recharge, and evapotranspiration have received comparatively little attention. Export of nutrients and suspended sediments have been the primary water quality focus in the United States, whereas metals, particularly those associated with sediments, have received greater attention in Europe and Australia. Often, quantifying cumulative effects of stormwater management is complicated by needing to separate its signal from the signal of urbanization itself, innate watershed characteristics that lead to a range of hydrologic and water quality responses, and the varying functions of multiple types of SCMs. Biases in geographic distribution of study areas, and size and impervious surface cover of watersheds studied also limit our understanding of responses. We propose hysteretic trajectories for how watershed function responds to increasing imperviousness and stormwater management. Even where impervious area is treated with SCMs, watershed function may not be restored to its predevelopment condition because of the lack of treatment of all stormwater generated from impervious surfaces; non‐additive effects of individual SCMs; and persistence of urban effects beyond impervious surfaces. In most cases, pollutant load decreases largely result from run‐off reductions rather than lowered solute or particulate concentrations. Understanding interactions between natural and built landscapes, including stormwater management strategies, is critical for successfully managing detrimental impacts of stormwater at the watershed scale.
Large‐scale regional delineation of riparian vegetation in the arid and semi‐arid Pilbara region, WA
Authors: Alaibakhsh Masoomeh , Emelyanova Irina , Barron Olga , Khiadani Mehdi , Warren Garth 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMultiscene Landsat 5 TM imagery, Principal Component Analysis, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index were used to produce the first region‐scale map of riparian vegetation for the Pilbara (230,000 km2), Western Australia. Riparian vegetation is an environmentally important habitat in the arid and desert climate of the Pilbara. These habitats are supported by infrequent flow events and in some locations by groundwater discharge. Our analysis suggests that riparian vegetation covers less than 4% of the Pilbara region, whereas almost 10.5% of this area is composed of groundwater dependent vegetation (GDV). GDV is often associated with open water (river pools), providing refugia for a variety of species. GDV has an extremely high ecological value and are often important Indigenous sites. This paper demonstrates how Landsat data calibrated to Top of Atmosphere reflectance can be used to delineate riparian vegetation across 16 Landsat scenes and two Universal Transverse Mercator spatial zones. The proposed method is able to delineate riparian vegetation and GDV, without the need for Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function correction. Results were validated using ground truth data from local and regional scale vegetation surveys.
Microbiota: a mediator to transform glucosinolate precursors in cruciferous vegetables to the active isothiocyanates
Authors: Tian Sicong , Liu Xiaodong , Lei Peng , Zhang Xiaohong , Shan Yujuan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIsothiocyanates (ITCs), such as sulforaphane (SFN), exhibit powerful biological functions in fighting cancers, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. They normally exist as glucosinolates (GLSs) in cruciferous vegetables, which are not themselves bioactive until they are degraded by myrosinase to form ITCs. Myrosinase coexists in the same plants but is normally kept apart from GLSs in different apparatus. A key point is that myrosinase is temperature sensitive and can be inactivated upon exposure to temperatures over 60 °, as typically occurs during cooking. However, studies using animal models and population trials have suggested that human gut bacteria might act like an ‘organ’ in that they can secrete their own myrosinase. In this review, the hydrolysis of GLS by myrosinase is discussed, with an important focus on the gut microflora and their myrosinase‐producing roles. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Patient‐identified impact of symptoms in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
Authors: Guber Robert D. , Kokkinis Angela D. , Schindler Alice B. , Bendixen Roxanna M. , Heatwole Chad R. , Fischbeck Kenneth H. , Grunseich Christopher 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The effects of spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) on quality of life (QoL) are not well understood. This study describes symptoms from the patient's perspective and the impact these symptoms have on QoL.Methods: We conducted open‐ended interviews with 21 adult men with genetically confirmed SBMA. Using a qualitative framework technique, we coded and analyzed interviews to identify symptoms and resulting themes.Results: From these interviews, 729 quotations were extracted. We identified 200 SBMA‐specific symptoms and 20 symptomatic themes. Weakness was mentioned by all interviewees. Symptoms within the domain of mental health and the specific themes of emotional issues and psychological impact were also frequently mentioned.Discussion: Numerous symptoms affect QoL for patients with SBMA. We identified previously unrecognized symptoms that are important to address in enhancing clinical care for patients with SBMA and in developing tools to evaluate efficacy in future clinical trials.Muscle Nerve57: 40–44, 2018
Optimal control of heart rate during treadmill exercise
Authors: Hunt Kenneth J. , Liu Ming 
Published: September 2017

SummaryFeedback control of heart rate (HR) for treadmills is important for exercise intensity specification and prescription. This work aimed to formulate HR control within a stochastic optimal control framework and to experimentally evaluate controller performance. A quadratic cost function is developed and linked to quantitative performance outcome measures, namely, root‐mean‐square tracking error and average control signal power. An optimal polynomial systems design is combined with frequency‐domain analysis of feedback loop properties, with focus on the input sensitivity function, which governs the response to broad‐spectrum HR variability disturbances. These, in turn, are modelled using stochastic process theory. A simple and approximate model of HR dynamics was used for the linear time‐invariant controller design. Twelve healthy male subjects were recruited for comparative experimental evaluation of 3 controllers, giving 36 tests in total. The mean root‐mean‐square tracking error for the optimal controllers was around 2.2 beats per minute. Significant differences were observed in average control signal power for 2 different settings of the control weighting (mean power 22.6 vs 62.5×10−4 m2/s2, high vs low setting, p=2.3×10−5). The stochastic optimal control framework provides a suitable method for attainment of high‐precision, stable, and robust control of HR during treadmill exercise. The control weighting can be used to set the balance between regulation accuracy and control signal intensity, and it has a clear and systematic influence on the shape of the input sensitivity function. Future work should extend the problem formulation to encompass low‐pass compensator and input sensitivity characteristics.
The protein kinase C super‐family member PKN is regulated by mTOR and influences differentiation during prostate cancer progression
Authors: Yang Chun‐Song , Melhuish Tiffany A. , Spencer Adam , Ni Li , Hao Yi , Jividen Kasey , Harris Thurl E. , Snow Chelsi , Frierson Henry F. , Wotton David , Paschal Bryce M. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundPhosphoinositide‐3 (PI‐3) kinase signaling has a pervasive role in cancer. One of the key effectors of PI‐3 kinase signaling is AKT, a kinase that promotes growth and survival in a variety of cancers. Genetically engineered mouse models of prostate cancer have shown that AKT signaling is sufficient to induce prostatic epithelial neoplasia (PIN), but insufficient for progression to adenocarcinoma. This contrasts with the phenotype of mice with prostate‐specific deletion of Pten, where excessive PI‐3 kinase signaling induces both PIN and locally invasive carcinoma. We reasoned that additional PI‐3 kinase effector kinases promote prostate cancer progression via activities that provide biological complementarity to AKT. We focused on the PKN kinase family members, which undergo activation in response to PI‐3 kinase signaling, show expression changes in prostate cancer, and contribute to cell motility pathways in cancer cells.MethodsPKN kinase activity was measured by incorporation of 32P into protein substrates. Phosphorylation of the turn‐motif (TM) in PKN proteins by mTOR was analyzed using the TORC2‐specific inhibitor torin and a PKN1 phospho‐TM‐specific antibody. Amino acid substitutions in the TM of PKN were engineered and assayed for effects on kinase activity. Cell motility‐related functions and PKN localization was analyzed by depletion approaches and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. The contribution of PKN proteins to prostate tumorigenesis was characterized in several mouse models that express PKN transgenes. The requirement for PKN activity in prostate cancer initiated by loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (Pten), and the potential redundancy between PKN isoforms, was analyzed by prostate‐specific deletion of Pkn1, Pkn2, and Pten.Results and ConclusionsPKN1 and PKN2 contribute to motility pathways in human prostate cancer cells. PKN1 and PKN2 kinase activity is regulated by TORC2‐dependent phosphorylation of the TM, which together with published data indicates that PKN proteins receive multiple PI‐3 kinase‐dependent inputs. Transgenic expression of active AKT and PKN1 is not sufficient for progression beyond PIN. Moreover, Pkn1 is not required for tumorigenesis initiated by loss of Pten. Triple knockout of Pten, Pkn1, and Pkn2 in mouse prostate results in squamous cell carcinoma, an uncommon but therapy‐resistant form of prostate cancer.
Fluensulfone sorption and mobility as affected by soil type
Authors: Morris Kelly A , Li Xiao , Langston David B , Davis Richard F , Timper Patricia , Grey Timothy L 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDFluensulfone is a fluoroalkenyl chemical with activity against multiple genera of plant‐parasitic nematodes. The adsorption, desorption, and mobility of fluensulfone were evaluated on multiple soils from the USA in laboratory and column experiments.RESULTSAdsorption data regressed to the logarithmic Freundlich equation resulted in isotherm values of 1.24 to 3.28. Soil adsorption of fluensulfone correlated positively with organic matter (0.67) and clay (0.34), but negatively with sand (‐0.54). Fluensulfone soil desorption correlated to pH (0.38) and cation exchange capacity (0.44). Fluensulfone desorption from Arredondo sand soil was 26%, and from other soils ranged from 43 to 70%. In mobility experiments, fluensulfone in the leachate peaked at 3 h, gradually declining and becoming undetectable after 9 h. Recovery from leachate was 45% of the initial fluensulfone applied to the soil surface. In separate experiments, 30‐cm‐long soil columns were saturated with 1 L of water, and then segregated into three 10‐cm sections. Fluensulfone recovery was 41, 34, 29, and 13% in Chualar sandy loam, Arredondo sand, Greenville sandy clay loam, and Tifton loamy sand, respectively, in the top 10‐cm section.CONCLUSIONData indicated that soil organic matter and clay contents will affect sorption, mobility, and dissipation of fluensulfone. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Age‐0 sturgeon and shallow water: A local‐ and reach‐scale assessment
Authors: Gosch N.J.C. , Gemeinhardt T.R. , Bouska W.W. , Miller M.L. , Brown T.L. , Bonneau J.L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDespite the hypothesized benefits to age‐0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon, the role that slow, shallow water plays during early life history remains uncertain. Although several studies have reported the depths and velocities observed at age‐0 sturgeon capture sites, conditions at larger spatial scales beyond the immediate capture location may also be important. Therefore, the specific objectives of this study were to (a) compare catch among large reaches (26–37 km in length) that varied in the availability of water <1.5 m deep and (b) identify the local habitats that best promote use by age‐0 sturgeon within each reach. Results from the reach‐scale analysis suggested that increased availability of water <1.5 m did not yield increased age‐0 sturgeon catch. At the local‐scale, age‐0 sturgeon were routinely captured from a wide variety of depths, velocities, and microhabitats (L‐dike, wing‐dike, rootless‐dike, and channel sandbar); these results coupled with previous research suggest that age‐0 sturgeon may not require specific depth and velocity criteria but further study is needed to test this hypothesis. Although the prevalence of water <1.5 m had little effect on catch rates, this habitat may still be important to age‐0 sturgeon. Additional research should investigate the potential effects of shallow water, at local and broad scales, on prey consumption and condition of age‐0 sturgeon.
From transcriptional complexity to cellular phenotypes: Lessons from yeast
Authors: Pelechano Vicent 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPervasive transcription has been reported in many eukaryotic organisms, revealing a highly interleaved transcriptome organization that involves thousands of coding and non‐coding RNAs. However, to date, the biological impact of transcriptome complexity is still poorly understood. Here I will review how subtle variations of the transcriptome can lead to divergent cellular phenotypes by fine‐tuning both its coding potential and regulation. I will discuss strategies that can be used to link molecular variations with divergent biological outcomes. Finally, I will explore the implication of transcriptional complexity for our understanding of gene expression in the context of cell‐to‐cell phenotypic variability. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triheptanoin versus trioctanoin for long‐chain fatty acid oxidation disorders: a double blinded, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gillingham Melanie B. , Heitner Stephen B. , Martin Julie , Rose Sarah , Goldstein Amy , El‐Gharbawy Areeg Hassan , Deward Stephanie , Lasarev Michael R. , Pollaro Jim , DeLany James P. , Burchill Luke J. , Goodpaster Bret , Shoemaker James , Matern Dietrich , Harding Cary O. , Vockley Jerry 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundObservational reports suggest that supplementation that increases citric acid cycle intermediates via anaplerosis may have therapeutic advantages over traditional medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) treatment of long‐chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC‐FAODs) but controlled trials have not been reported. The goal of our study was to compare the effects of triheptanoin (C7), an anaplerotic seven‐carbon fatty acid triglyceride, to trioctanoin (C8), an eight‐carbon fatty acid triglyceride, in patients with LC‐FAODs.MethodsA double blinded, randomized controlled trial of 32 subjects with LC‐FAODs (carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐2, very long‐chain acylCoA dehydrogenase, trifunctional protein or long‐chain 3‐hydroxy acylCoA dehydrogenase deficiencies) who were randomly assigned a diet containing 20% of their total daily energy from either C7 or C8 for 4 months was conducted. Primary outcomes included changes in total energy expenditure (TEE), cardiac function by echocardiogram, exercise tolerance, and phosphocreatine recovery following acute exercise. Secondary outcomes included body composition, blood biomarkers, and adverse events, including incidence of rhabdomyolysis.ResultsPatients in the C7 group increased left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction by 7.4% (p = 0.046) while experiencing a 20% (p = 0.041) decrease in LV wall mass on their resting echocardiogram. They also required a lower heart rate for the same amount of work during a moderate‐intensity exercise stress test when compared to patients taking C8. There was no difference in TEE, phosphocreatine recovery, body composition, incidence of rhabdomyolysis, or any secondary outcome measures between the groups.ConclusionsC7 improved LV ejection fraction and reduced LV mass at rest, as well as lowering heart rate during exercise among patients with LC‐FAODs.Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01379625.
Dimensions of organized activity involvement among Latino youth: Impact on well‐being
Authors: Guzmán‐Rocha Maria D. , McLeod Dorothy L. , Bohnert Amy M. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWell‐being, including self‐ and academic perceptions, is a key element of Latino adolescents' experiences. One factor that may be related to well‐being among Latino adolescents is organized activity (OA) involvement. Drawing on a risk and resilience framework and utilizing principles of positive youth development, the current study aimed to examine this relation using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) with nested data from 660 Latino‐identified youth in the National Education Longitudinal Study: 88 (NELS:88). Furthermore, home language, sex, and family SES were explored as possible moderators of relations between dimensions of OA and well‐being. After accounting for prior levels of well‐being, results suggest that OA participation, particularly OA intensity, is related to greater self‐worth, locus of control, and educational expectations, and that the4se relations may be even stronger for youth from low‐SES backgrounds. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.
Intravenous drug abuse is a risk factor in the failure of two‐stage treatment for infected total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Su Yu‐Jie , Lin Sung‐Yen , Huang Hsuan‐Ti , Chang Je‐Ken , Chen Chung‐Hwan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractReinfection after two‐stage revision hip arthroplasty (RHA) is still a complex issue. Only few studies revealed the factors affecting the success rate in the treatment of periprosthetic hip infection (PHI), especially risk factors. A retrospective study was conducted using records of 30 patients underwent two‐stage RHA for infected total hip arthroplasty (THA). Treatment was defined as successful if a patient did not need any reoperation or invasive procedure such as image‐guided drainage during the two years after reimplantation. Treatment was defined as failure if any surgery or invasive procedure or long‐term antibiotic suppression was considered necessary to control infection. Four patients had infection recurrence defined as failed and three of them had intravenous drug abuse. Twenty‐six patients had no infection recurrence at the end of follow‐up and one of them had intravenous drug abuse but quitting after surgery. We suggest that once adequate cleaning up achieved, risk of reinfection may be little even in immunocompromised patients with RHA because of relative less old age than those with revisional total knee arthroplasty. Patients of the reinfection group were younger and non‐obese with adequate nutritional status. We may consider intravenous drug abuse could take a great toll on health and lead to reinfection. Finally, we suggest performing the gold‐standard two‐stage reimplantation technique to manage cases with infection, educating drug abusers regarding the risk of surgical failure, and implementing a quitting program at least 1 year before the index surgery.