bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Saturniidae of Barro Colorado Island, Panama: A model taxon for studying the long‐term effects of climate change?
Authors: Basset Yves , Lamarre Greg P.A. , Ratz Tom , Segar Simon T. , Decaëns Thibaud , Rougerie Rodolphe , Miller Scott E. , Perez Filonila , Bobadilla Ricardo , Lopez Yacksecari , Ramirez José Alejandro , Aiello Annette , Barrios Héctor 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe have little knowledge of the response of invertebrate assemblages to climate change in tropical ecosystems, and few studies have compiled long‐term data on invertebrates from tropical rainforests. We provide an updated list of the 72 species of Saturniidae moths collected on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, during the period 1958‐2016. This list will serve as baseline data for assessing long‐term changes of saturniids on BCI in the future, as 81% of the species can be identified by their unique DNA Barcode Index Number, including four cryptic species not yet formally described. A local species pool of 60 + species breeding on BCI appears plausible, but more cryptic species may be discovered in the future. We use monitoring data obtained by light trapping to analyze recent population trends on BCI for saturniid species that were relatively common during 2009‐2016, a period representing >30 saturniid generations. The abundances of 11 species, of 14 tested, could be fitted to significant time‐series models. While the direction of change in abundance was uncertain for most species, two species showed a significant increase over time, and forecast models also suggested continuing increases for most species during 2017‐2018, as compared to the 2009 base year. Peaks in saturniid abundance were most conspicuous during El Niño and La Niña years. In addition to a species‐specific approach, we propose a reproducible functional classification based on five functional traits to analyze the responses of species sharing similar functional attributes in a fluctuating climate. Our results suggest that the abundances of larger body‐size species with good dispersal abilities may increase concomitantly with rising air temperature in the future, because short‐lived adults may allocate less time to increasing body temperature for flight, leaving more time available for searching for mating partners or suitable oviposition sites.
Cathepsin K activity controls cardiotoxin‐induced skeletal muscle repair in mice
Authors: Ogasawara Shinyu , Cheng Xian Wu , Inoue Aiko , Hu Lina , Piao Limei , Yu Chenglin , Goto Hiroki , Xu Wenhu , Zhao Guangxian , Lei Yanna , Yang Guang , Kimura Kaoru , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Shi Guo‐Ping , Kuzuya Masafumi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundCathepsin K (CatK) is a widely expressed cysteine protease that has gained attention because of its enzymatic and non‐enzymatic functions in signalling. Here, we examined whether CatK‐deficiency (CatK−/−) would mitigate injury‐related skeletal muscle remodelling and fibrosis in mice, with a special focus on inflammation and muscle cell apoptosis.MethodsCardiotoxin (CTX, 20 μM/200 μL) was injected into the left gastrocnemius muscle of male wild‐type (CatK+/+) and CatK−/− mice, and the mice were processed for morphological and biochemical studies.ResultsOn post‐injection Day 14, CatK deletion ameliorated muscle interstitial fibrosis and remodelling and performance. At an early time point (Day 3), CatK−/− reduced the lesion macrophage and leucocyte contents and cell apoptosis, the mRNA levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, toll‐like receptor‐2 and toll‐like receptor‐4, and the gelatinolytic activity related to matrix metalloproteinase‐2/‐9. CatK deletion also restored the protein levels of caspase‐3 and cleaved caspase‐8 and the ratio of the BAX to the Bcl‐2. Moreover, CatK deficiency protected muscle fibre laminin and desmin disorder in response to CTX injury. These beneficial muscle effects were mimicked by CatK‐specific inhibitor treatment. In vitro experiments demonstrated that pharmacological CatK inhibition reduced the apoptosis of C2C12 mouse myoblasts and the levels of BAX and caspase‐3 proteins induced by CTX.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that CatK plays an essential role in skeletal muscle loss and fibrosis in response to CTX injury, possibly via a reduction of inflammation and cell apoptosis, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for the control of skeletal muscle diseases by regulating CatK activity.
Osteophytes and fracture calluses share developmental milestones and are diminished by unloading
Authors: Hsia Allison W. , Emami Armaun J. , Tarke Franklin D. , Cunningham Hailey C. , Tjandra Priscilla M. , Wong Alice , Christiansen Blaine A. , Collette Nicole M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTOsteophytes are a typical radiographic finding during osteoarthritis (OA), but the mechanisms leading to their formation are not well known. Comparatively, fracture calluses have been studied extensively; therefore, drawing comparisons between osteophytes and fracture calluses may lead to a deeper understanding of osteophyte formation. In this study, we compared the time courses of osteophyte and fracture callus formation, and investigated mechanisms contributing to development of these structure. Additionally, we investigated the effect of mechanical unloading on the formation of both fracture calluses and osteophytes. Mice underwent either transverse femoral fracture or non‐invasive anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Fracture callus and osteophyte size and ossification were evaluated after 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, or 28 days. Additional mice were subjected to hindlimb unloading after injury for 3, 7, or 14 days. Protease activity and gene expression profiles after injury were evaluated after 3 or 7 days of normal ambulation or hindlimb unloading using in vivo fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) and quantitative PCR. We found that fracture callus and osteophyte growth achieved similar developmental milestones, but fracture calluses formed and ossified at earlier time points. Hindlimb unloading ultimately led to a threefold decrease in chondro/osteophyte area, and a twofold decrease in fracture callus area. Unloading was also associated with decreased inflammation and protease activity in injured limbs detected with FRI, particularly following ACL rupture. qPCR analysis revealed disparate cellular responses in fractured femurs and injured joints, suggesting that fracture calluses and osteophytes may form via different inflammatory, anabolic, and catabolic pathways. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:699–710, 2018.
Flexible Manipulation of the Polarization Conversions in a Structured Vector Field in Free Space
Authors: Chen Rui‐Pin , Chen Zhaozhong , Gao Yuan , Ding Jianping , He Sailing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe conversion between different polarizations generally requires an optical element or an optical system. We demonstrate, theoretically and experimentally, that the conversion between different states of polarization (SoP) can be flexibly manipulated in a structured optical field by itself. During the structured optical field propagation in free space, any two orthogonal polarizations can be generated and auto‐focus at any desired propagation positions by purposely designing the initial SoP distribution and a caustic phase in the field cross‐section. The experiment arrangement combines a caustic‐based approach and a 4f optical system. This approach provides a way to flexibly manipulate the polarization conversions in free space propagation by the optical field itself (without any physical element along the propagation path), may lead to more complex and flexible vectorial manipulations of an optical field scenarios and potential applications in corresponding areas.
Response of marine bacteria to oil contamination and to high pressure and low temperature deep sea conditions
Authors: Fasca Hanna , de Castilho Livia V. A. , de Castilho João Fabrício M. , Pasqualino Ilson P. , Alvarez Vanessa M. , de Azevedo Jurelevicius Diogo , Seldin Lucy 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe effect of pressure and temperature on microbial communities of marine environments contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons is understudied. This study aims to reveal the responses of marine bacterial communities to low temperature, high pressure, and contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons using seawater samples collected near an offshore Brazilian platform. Microcosms containing only seawater and those containing seawater contaminated with 1% crude oil were subjected to three different treatments of temperature and pressure as follows: (1) 22°C/0.1 MPa; (2) 4°C/0.1 MPa; and (3) 4°C/22 MPa. The effect of depressurization followed by repressurization on bacterial communities was also evaluated (4°C/22 MPaD). The structure and composition of the bacterial communities in the different microcosms were analyzed by PCR‐DGGE and DNA sequencing, respectively. Contamination with oil influenced the structure of the bacterial communities in microcosms incubated either at 4°C or 22°C and at low pressure. Incubation at low temperature and high pressure greatly influenced the structure of bacterial communities even in the absence of oil contamination. The 4°C/22 MPa and 4°C/22 MPaD treatments resulted in similar DGGE profiles. DNA sequencing (after 40 days of incubation) revealed that the diversity and relative abundance of bacterial genera were related to the presence or absence of oil contamination in the nonpressurized treatments. In contrast, the variation in the relative abundances of bacterial genera in the 4°C/22 MPa‐microcosms either contaminated or not with crude oil was less evident. The highest relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes was observed in the 4°C/22 MPa treatment.
In Situ Fabrication of One‐Dimensional‐Based Lotus‐Like Silicone/ϒ–Al2O3 Nanocomposites for Marine Fouling Release Coatings
Authors: Selim Mohamed S. , Shenashen Mohamed A. , Fatthallah Nesreen A. , Elmarakbi Ahmed , El‐Safty Sherif A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractProhibition on the utilization of organotins compounds in antifouling (AF), and Fouling release (FR) paints have attracted considerable ineptest as an environmentally friendly alternative. In this work, an ecofriendly series of lotus‐like nano‐structured organic‐inorganic surfaces based on vinyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/ϒ‐Al2O3 nanorods composites were successfully modeled for the first time via in‐situ technique. The tailored nanocomposites were cured via hydrosilation mechanism and applied for marine FR coatings. Incorporation of various concentrations of controlled 1D nanofillers was inevitable to study the structure property relationship. Mechanical tests, durability parameters, and the FR and biological inertness were assessed. The results confirmed that uniform distribution of the prepared ϒ‐Al2O3 nanorods dramatically improved their water repellency, homogenous topology, self‐cleaning and fouling repellency. With nanofiller insertion up to 0.5% nanofillers, a particular increase in the contact angle (CA), decrease in the surface free energy (SFE), and topological homogeneity was observed with improving phsico‐mechanical, and durability against UV properties. The biological assessments indicated excellent inhibition and superior AF potential of the 0.5% nanofiller composite coatings. Our finding introduces attractive merits such as simplicity, ecofriendly, economic feasibility, and potential application in marine FR nano‐coatings.
An Efficient, Facile Synthesis of Etoricoxib Substantially Free from Impurities: Isolation, Characterization and Synthesis of Novel Impurity
Authors: Awasthi Arun Kumar , Kumar Brijesh , Aga Mushtaq A. , Basha Shaik Thaslim , Reddy Cirandur Suresh , Kumar Pramod 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA copper mediated efficient, facile synthesis of Etoricoxib from commercial available keto sulfone and vinamidinium salt was developed. This protocol with mild reaction conditions offered the product with >80% overall yield and remarkable quality. During process development an unknown impurity was observed, isolated, characterized (by NMR, mass and IR spectroscopy) and was identified as Pyrrole derivative.
Theoretical Studies on the Aminolysis Mechanism of Methomyl: Effect of the Catalysis to the Reaction of Carbamate with Ammonia
Authors: Yin Hui , Zhang Chao Q. , Zhang Liang , Chen Rong , Liang Guo M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aminolysis mechanisms of methomyl are systematically investigated through the M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) and MP2/6‐311+G(d,p) methods. The uncatalyzed, base‐catalyzed and water‐catalyzed aminolysis processes are also taken into consideration together with the concerted, BAC2 (a stepwise channel through a neutral tetrahedral intermediate) and E1cB (a stepwise mechanism via an isocyanate intermediate) pathways. The solvent effects are discussed in detail by using the CPCM (conductor‐like polarized continuum model) with the M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) method. The computational values provide convincing evidence that three alternative pathways possess similar energy barriers for the uncatalyzed aminolysis. It can be concluded that the base‐catalyzed and water‐catalyzed aminolysis processes are more favorable compared with the uncatalyzed reaction. Concerning the base‐catalyzed process, the E1cB pathway is preferable to other channels. However, the water‐catalyzed aminolysis is dominated by the BAC2 mechanism. In a word, the aminolysis reactions in solution could readily occur and the solvent effects do not remarkably alter the mechanism.
“On Water” Sustainable Synthesis of 1,5‐Disubstituted Tetrazoles via Ugi‐Azide Reaction through Perturbation of Kosmotropes Using Nacl.
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Khan Shahnawaz , Sharma Ruchi , Parihar Sonam , Parewa Vijay 
Published: October 2017

Abstract“ON WATER” acceleration of Ugi‐Azide reaction has been devised as a novel synthetic route for the one‐pot synthesis of 1,5‐disubstituted tetrazoles using NaCl. Due to the formation of kosmotropes, reaction does not occur in aqueous media alone which explains the low extent of hydrophobic interaction of reactants with water. However, presence of NaCl agitates the water kosmotropes and enhances the hydrophobic interactions of reactants with aqueous phase and desired product was isolated in excellent yield. Thus, NaCl plays a decisive, indispensable and unprecedented role through the perturbation of kosmotropes of water on Ugi‐azide reaction in aqueous media. Among the various as synthesized tetrazoles, ferrocenyl 1,5‐disubstituted tetrazoles showed excellent β–hematin inhibitory activities (IC50<3.5 μg/ml) as compared to reference drug chloroquine. Further we have also showed the synthetic utility of these compounds by Pd mediated post reaction transformation through an example.
Bioinspired Surfaces with Superwettability for Anti‐Icing and Ice‐Phobic Application: Concept, Mechanism, and Design
Authors: Zhang Songnan , Huang Jianying , Cheng Yan , Yang Hui , Chen Zhong , Lai Yuekun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIce accumulation poses a series of severe issues in daily life. Inspired by the nature, superwettability surfaces have attracted great interests from fundamental research to anti‐icing and ice‐phobic applications. Here, recently published literature about the mechanism of ice prevention is reviewed, with a focus on the anti‐icing and ice‐phobic mechanisms, encompassing the behavior of condensate microdrops on the surface, wetting, ice nucleation, and freezing. Then, a detailed account of the innovative fabrication and fundamental research of anti‐icing materials with special wettability is summarized with a focus on recent progresses including low‐surface energy coatings and liquid‐infused layered coatings. Finally, special attention is paid to a discussion about advantages and disadvantages of the technologies, as well as factors that affect the anti‐icing and ice‐phobic efficiency. Outlooks and the challenges for future development of the anti‐icing and ice‐phobic technology are presented and discussed.
Überwuchssyndrome durch Mutationsmosaike im PI3K-AKT-Signalweg
Authors: Spier Isabel , Aretz Stefan 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Es wurde schon länger vermutet, dass segmentale Überwuchssyndrome durch somatische Mutationsmosaike (postzygotische Mutationen) hervorgerufen werden; die ursächlichen genetischen Veränderungen lassen sich aber häufig nur in betroffenem Gewebe nachweisen. Durch den Einsatz der Hochdurchsatzsequenzierung (Next Generation Sequencing, NGS) konnten die genetischen Ursachen von sich segmental manifestierenden Krankheitsbildern in den letzten Jahren zunehmend geklärt werden. Interessanterweise wurden hierdurch bei mehreren Entitäten postzygotische aktivierende Mutationen im Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/AKT/mTOR-Signalweg (PI3K-AKT-Signalweg) als ursächlich identifiziert. Es handelt sich insbesondere um das PIK3CA-assoziierte Überwuchsspektrum (PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum, PROS), zu dem neben dem CLOVES-Syndrom (congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vaskuläre Fehlbildungen, epidermale Nävi und Skoliose bzw. Skelettsymptome) und dem MCAP-Syndrom (Megalenzephalie-Kapillarfehlbildungen-Polymikrogyrie) mittlerweile vermutlich auch einige Fälle mit Verdacht auf ein Klippel-Trenaunay-Syndrom gezählt werden können. Beim Proteus-Syndrom dominiert eine spezifische kausale Mutation im AKT1-Gen. Auch wenn somatische Mutationen im PI3K-AKT-Signalweg relativ häufig in sporadischen Tumoren auftreten, stehen der segmentale Überwuchs und weitere Malformationen im Vordergrund des phänotypischen Spektrums der Überwuchssyndrome. Verschiedene klinisch relevante gut- und bösartige Neoplasien kommen allerdings gehäuft vor.
Kaveri Crater – An Impact Structure in the Precambrian Terrain of Southern India
Authors: Subrahmanya K. R. , Narasimha K. N. Prakash 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
The region to the east of Palghat gap is of low elevation and nearly circular in shape. It forms a part of the Kaveri river basin. The predominantly gneissic terrain is surrounded by the charnockitic hill ranges, prominent among which are Nilgiris and Biligirirangan to the north; and Anaimalai and Kodaikanal to the south. The charnockite massifs have a steep slope facing the circular feature and a gentler slope in the opposite direction. Fractures/faults/shear zones are noticed in many parts. The Bouguer anomaly in the gneissic terrain is elliptical in shape and positive, relative to the surrounding elevated region. The magnetic contours are also elliptical and the magnetic basement is deeper by about one km compared to regions in the periphery. The shallow seismic velocity picture from Chennimalai to Palani indicates a graben structure. The velocity structure also depicts a 4-5 km Moho upwarp near Chennimalai. Junction between the gneissic and charnockitic terrain and even beyond, is marked by the presence of pseudotachylites and breccia. Field and petrographic studies indicate presence of suevite, Planar Deformation Features (PDF), Planar Fractures, diaplectic glass of quartz and plagioclase and spherical inclusion in suevite. These evidences taken together point to an extra-terrestrial impact which created a crater of approximately 120 km in diameter. Several lines of indirect evidences point to Neoproterozoic age for the impact. Kaveri Crater is the fourth largest crater on the surface of the Earth; other larger craters being Vredefort (160 km), Chicxulub (150 km) and Sudbury (130 km).
Importance of Coloured Inversion Technique for thin Hydrocarbon Sand Reservoir Detection – A Case in mid Cambay Basin
Authors: Gupta Saurabh Datta , Gupta Ramesh 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Cambay basin is an intra-cratonic rift graben formed as a result of rifting which was occurred in late Cretaceous with Deccan lava eruption through linear trending NNW to SSE directional basin. The Deccan basalt forms the basement over which more than 7-11 km thick piles of Tertiary sediments have been deposited during syn-rift and post-rift phases of basin development. Cambay basin has been considered as one of the significant hydrocarbon prolific basin in India. The biggest challenge in current days for this basin is further exploration or exploration under development stage in small marginal field or unexplored left out areas in the basin part as most of the areas are already explored/discovered by various small to big E&P (exploration & production) industrial players. In this present study one such small marginal field has been chosen for “Exploration under Development” portfolio in mid Cambay basin. The amount of oil-in-place volume, investment and techno-economics analysis of small marginal field has made this study area. In view of further hydrocarbon exploration in this area this kind of study will provide a robust support in limited dataset. The reservoir sand quality of the study area is discrete, thin and less permeable. This kind of sand body detection through classical seismic interpretation approach is difficult and there will be always a big amount of uncertainties for findings the pay reservoir sand. In view of the limitation of available data and challenging geological setup of the reservoir, a quantitative approach has been taken to detect the thin reservoir sand in this study area. Primarily coloured inversion technique has been applied on post-stack seismic data based upon well to seismic correlation and reservoir sand detection in seismic interpretation and well log property analysis. This technique has produced higher detectability impedance/property volume with respect to normal post-stack seismic data signature. Based on high contrast impedance/elastic property further seismic based attribute analysis on reservoir section has been performed. The attribute analysis has been made along surface and 3D seismic data level, provided clear image about the thin hydrocarbon sand reservoir. Based upon quantitative interpretation approach coloured inverted volume the prospect was chosen for further drilling in the study area and drilling of that sand was turned to be a hydrocarbon discovery prospect. The unconventional approaches e.g. coloured inversion with limited dataset for this kind of small marginal field has potential to find the hydro-carbon.
International Adoption of Children Surviving the Haitian Earthquake
Authors: Pascal Julie , Décombas-Marion Marion , Poirier Véronique , Lautrette Alexandre , Rigal Emilie , Sciauvaud Julie , Pereira Bruno , Labbe André , Lesens Olivier 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate resilience and frequency of behavioral symptoms in Haitian children internationally adopted before and after the earthquake of January 12, 2010.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective quantitative study in 40 Haitian children. Families were also asked to participate in a qualitative study (individual interview at 18-24 months after the earthquake) and to complete State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and STAI for children (STAI-C) questionnaires.ResultsDemographic and clinical characteristics were similar in the group who experienced the earthquake (n=22) and in the group who did not (n=18). The families of 30 adoptees were interviewed. There was no statistical difference between the two groups for the STAI (P=0.53) and STAI-C (P=0.75) or for the frequency of behavioral problems. Plenary adoption was pronounced for 84.6% and 33.3% of the children adopted in the pre- and post-earthquake group, respectively (P=0.02). Children rarely talked about the experience of the earthquake, which, by contrast, was a stressful experience for the adoptive families.ConclusionsHaitian children adopted after the earthquake did not express more stress or behavioral problems than those adopted before it. However, the possibility of a resurgence of mental disorders after age 10 should be borne in mind. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:450–454)