bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible optofluidic waveguide platform with multi-dimensional reconfigurability
Authors: Parks Joshua W. , Schmidt Holger 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDynamic reconfiguration of photonic function is one of the hallmarks of optofluidics. A number of approaches have been taken to implement optical tunability in microfluidic devices. However, a device architecture that allows for simultaneous high-performance microfluidic fluid handling as well as dynamic optical tuning has not been demonstrated. Here, we introduce such a platform based on a combination of solid- and liquid-core polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) waveguides that also provides fully functioning microvalve-based sample handling. A combination of these waveguides forms a liquid-core multimode interference waveguide that allows for multi-modal tuning of waveguide properties through core liquids and pressure/deformation. We also introduce a novel lifting-gate lightvalve that simultaneously acts as a fluidic microvalve and optical waveguide, enabling mechanically reconfigurable light and fluid paths and seamless incorporation of controlled particle analysis. These new functionalities are demonstrated by an optical switch with >45 dB extinction ratio and an actuatable particle trap for analysis of biological micro- and nanoparticles.
Large-scale mass spectrometry-based analysis of Euplotes octocarinatus supports the high frequency of +1 programmed ribosomal frameshift
Authors: Wang Ruanlin , Zhang Zhiyun , Du Jun , Fu Yuejun , Liang Aihua 
Published: September 2016

AbstractProgrammed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is commonly used to express many viral and some cellular genes. We conducted a genome-wide investigation of +1 PRF in ciliate Euplotes octocarinatus through genome and transcriptome sequencing and our results demonstrated that approximately 11.4% of genes require +1 PRF to produce complete gene products. While nucleic acid-based evidence for candidate genes with +1 PRF is strong, only very limited information is available at protein levels to date. In this study, E. octocarinatus was subjected to large-scale mass spectrometry-based analysis to verify the high frequency of +1 PRF and 226 +1 PRF gene products were identified. Based on the amino acid sequences of the peptides spanning the frameshift sites, typical frameshift motif AAA-UAR for +1 PRF in Euplotes was identified. Our data in this study provide very useful insight into the understanding of the molecular mechanism of +1 PRF.
Anxiety and depression with neurogenesis defects in exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2-deficient mice are ameliorated by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Prozac
Authors: Zhou L , Ma S L , Yeung P K K , Wong Y H , Tsim K W K , So K F , Lam L C W , Chung S K 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntracellular cAMP and serotonin are important modulators of anxiety and depression. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) also known as Prozac, is widely used against depression, potentially by activating cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through protein kinase A (PKA). However, the role of Epac1 and Epac2 (Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factors, RAPGEF3 and RAPGEF4, respectively) as potential downstream targets of SSRI/cAMP in mood regulations is not yet clear. Here, we investigated the phenotypes of Epac1 (Epac1−/−) or Epac2 (Epac2−/−) knockout mice by comparing them with their wild-type counterparts. Surprisingly, Epac2−/−mice exhibited a wide range of mood disorders, including anxiety and depression with learning and memory deficits in contextual and cued fear-conditioning tests without affecting Epac1 expression or PKA activity. Interestingly, rs17746510, one of the three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inRAPGEF4associated with cognitive decline in Chinese Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, was significantly correlated with apathy and mood disturbance, whereas no significant association was observed betweenRAPGEF3SNPs and the risk of AD or neuropsychiatric inventory scores. To further determine the detailed role of Epac2 in SSRI/serotonin/cAMP-involved mood disorders, we treated Epac2−/−mice with a SSRI, Prozac. The alteration in open field behavior and impaired hippocampal cell proliferation in Epac2−/−mice were alleviated by Prozac. Taken together, Epac2 gene polymorphism is a putative risk factor for mood disorders in AD patients in part by affecting the hippocampal neurogenesis.
Genome-wide association study of antisocial personality disorder
Authors: Rautiainen M-R , Paunio T , Repo-Tiihonen E , Virkkunen M , Ollila H M , Sulkava S , Jolanki O , Palotie A , Tiihonen J 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe pathophysiology of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) remains unclear. Although the most consistent biological finding is reduced grey matter volume in the frontal cortex, about 50% of the total liability to developing ASPD has been attributed to genetic factors. The contributing genes remain largely unknown. Therefore, we sought to study the genetic background of ASPD. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a replication analysis of Finnish criminal offenders fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for ASPD (N=370, N=5850 for controls, GWAS; N=173, N=3766 for controls and replication sample). The GWAS resulted in suggestive associations of two clusters of single-nucleotide polymorphisms at 6p21.2 and at 6p21.32 at the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. Imputation of HLA alleles revealed an independent association with DRB1*01:01 (odds ratio (OR)=2.19 (1.53–3.14), P=1.9 × 10-5). Two polymorphisms at 6p21.2 LINC00951–LRFN2 gene region were replicated in a separate data set, and rs4714329 reached genome-wide significance (OR=1.59 (1.37–1.85), P=1.6 × 10−9) in the meta-analysis. The risk allele also associated with antisocial features in the general population conditioned for severe problems in childhood family (β=0.68, P=0.012). Functional analysis in brain tissue in open access GTEx and Braineac databases revealed eQTL associations of rs4714329 with LINC00951 and LRFN2 in cerebellum. In humans, LINC00951 and LRFN2 are both expressed in the brain, especially in the frontal cortex, which is intriguing considering the role of the frontal cortex in behavior and the neuroanatomical findings of reduced gray matter volume in ASPD. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing genome-wide significant and replicable findings on genetic variants associated with any personality disorder.
Efficiency of Melatonin as Compared to Pentobarbital for Audiometry Brainstem Response in Children With Associated Disorders
Authors: Guerlain Joanne , Paul Antoine , Rouillon Isabelle , Parodi Marine , Garabedian Erea Noel , Loundon Natalie 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
Outpatient pediatric audiometry brainstem response (ABR) uses various techniques (no drug, hydroxyzine, pentobarbital, melatonin). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of melatonin as compared to pentobarbital in children with associated disorders.

Method
This was a retrospective study that took place in a tertiary care center. Eighty-three children (34 girls and 49 boys) had performed ABR under pentobarbital (GPent) or melatonin (GMel) between 2013 and 2014 and were included. All children had associated neurological or behavioral disorders or had failed a previous ABR using another technique. Success rate, defined as completed binaural investigation, delay, and duration of sleep (minutes), as well as side effects, were compared between GPent and GMel.

Results

There were 56 patients in GMel and 27 in GPent, with a mean age at test of 3 years and 10 months (1–13 years) and 4 years and 1 month (1–14.5 years), respectively. Success rate was 76.8% and 88.8%, respectively (
p
> .05), sleep duration was 23 and 153 min (
p
< .0001), and mean delay was 35 and 54 min. No side effects have been reported.

Conclusions

Melatonin is a drug widely used, particularly for electroencephalogram in children.
S
leep duration allowed a success rate that was comparable to pentobarbital. Melatonin seems to be an efficient alternative to pentobarbital for pediatric ABR.
Wide‐band radar cross‐section reduction for antenna using frequency selective absorber
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Kunzhe , Yang Linan , Du Lin 
Published: September 2016

This Letter presents a new method for radar cross‐section reduction (RCSR) of patch antenna in the case of glancing incidence (θ ≥ 70°). The reduction is realised by using frequency selective absorber which consists of lumped capacitance, inductance and resistance. Series inductances and capacitances act as frequency selectors and lumped resistances act as absorbers. By controlling the value of LRC, the circuit can only absorb the power of induced current generated by plane wave without affecting the radiation current. Considering the distribution effect of antenna, the number and position of LRC circuit must be carefully selected. Simulated and measured results show that in the case of glancing incidence, the RCS of antenna can be reduced in the angular range of −180° ≤ φ ≤ + 180° from 8 to 18 GHz. The average reduction of RCS is more than 15 dB and the maximum reduction is as far as 30 dB. Meanwhile, the gain of antenna can be well maintained.
Probabilistic multi-catalogue positional cross-match
Authors: Pineau F.-X. , Derriere S. , Motch C. , Carrera F. J. , Genova F. , Michel L. , Mingo B. , Mints A. , Nebot Gómez-Morán A. , Rosen S. R. , Ruiz Camuñas A. 
Published: September 2016

Context. Catalogue cross-correlation is essential to building large sets of multi-wavelength data, whether it be to study the properties of populations of astrophysical objects or to build reference catalogues (or timeseries) from survey observations. Nevertheless, resorting to automated processes with limited sets of information available on large numbers of sources detected at different epochs with various filters and instruments inevitably leads to spurious associations. We need both statistical criteria to select detections to be merged as unique sources, and statistical indicators helping in achieving compromises between completeness and reliability of selected associations.
Aims. We lay the foundations of a statistical framework for multi-catalogue cross-correlation and cross-identification based on explicit simplified catalogue models. A proper identification process should rely on both astrometric and photometric data. Under some conditions, the astrometric part and the photometric part can be processed separately and merged a posteriori to provide a single global probability of identification. The present paper addresses almost exclusively the astrometrical part and specifies the proper probabilities to be merged with photometric likelihoods.
Methods. To select matching candidates in n catalogues, we used the Chi (or, indifferently, the Chi-square) test with 2(n−1) degrees of freedom. We thus call this cross-match a χ-match. In order to use Bayes’ formula, we considered exhaustive sets of hypotheses based on combinatorial analysis. The volume of the χ-test domain of acceptance – a 2(n−1)-dimensional acceptance ellipsoid – is used to estimate the expected numbers of spurious associations. We derived priors for those numbers using a frequentist approach relying on simple geometrical considerations. Likelihoods are based on standard Rayleigh, χ and Poisson distributions that we normalized over the χ-test acceptance domain. We validated our theoretical results by generating and cross-matching synthetic catalogues.
Results. The results we obtain do not depend on the order used to cross-correlate the catalogues. We applied the formalism described in the present paper to build the multi-wavelength catalogues used for the science cases of the Astronomical Resource Cross-matching for High Energy Studies (ARCHES) project. Our cross-matching engine is publicly available through a multi-purpose web interface. In a longer term, we plan to integrate this tool into the CDS XMatch Service.
Exploring the science–policy interface on climate change: The role of the IPCC in informing local decision-making in the UK
Authors: Howarth Candice , Painter James 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBuilding on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) review of how to make its Assessment Reports (ARs) more accessible in the future, the research reported here assesses the extent to which the ARs are a useful tool through which scientific advice informs local decision-making on climate change in the United Kingdom. Results from interviews with local policy representatives and three workshops with UK academics, practitioners and local decision makers are presented. Drawing on these data, we outline three key recommendations made by participants on how the IPCC ARs can be better utilized as a form of scientific advice to inform local decision-making on climate change. First, to provide more succinct summaries of the reports paying close attention to the language, content, clarity, context and length of these summaries; second, to better target and frame the reports from a local perspective to maximize engagement with local stakeholders; and third, to work with local decision makers to better understand how scientific advice on climate change is being incorporated in local decision-making. By adopting these, the IPCC would facilitate local decision-making on climate change and provide a systematic review of how its reports are being used locally. We discuss implications of these recommendations and their relevance to the wider debate within and outside the IPCC as to the most effective way the IPCC can more effectively tailor its products to user needs without endangering the robustness of its scientific findings. This article is published as part of a collection on scientific advice to governments.
The usefulness of GPS bicycle tracking data for evaluating the impact of infrastructure change on cycling behaviour
Authors: Heesch Kristiann C. , Langdon Michael 
Published: September 2016

Issue addressedA key strategy to increase active travel is the construction of bicycle infrastructure. Tools to evaluate this strategy are limited. This study assessed the usefulness of a smartphone GPS tracking system for evaluating the impact of this strategy on cycling behaviour.MethodsCycling usage data were collected from Queenslanders who used a GPS tracking app on their smartphone from 2013–2014. ‘Heat’ and volume maps of the data were reviewed, and GPS bicycle counts were compared with surveillance data and bicycle counts from automatic traffic‐monitoring devices.ResultsHeat maps broadly indicated that changes in cycling occurred near infrastructure improvements. Volume maps provided changes in counts of cyclists due to these improvements although errors were noted in geographic information system (GIS) geo‐coding of some GPS data. Large variations were evident in the number of cyclists using the app in different locations. These variations limited the usefulness of GPS data for assessing differences in cycling across locations.ConclusionSmartphone GPS data are useful in evaluating the impact of improved bicycle infrastructure in one location. Using GPS data to evaluate differential changes in cycling across multiple locations is problematic when there is insufficient traffic‐monitoring devices available to triangulate GPS data with bicycle traffic count data.So what?The use of smartphone GPS data with other data sources is recommended for assessing how infrastructure improvements influence cycling behaviour.
Application of ecological momentary assessment in workplace health evaluation
Authors: Engelen Lina , Chau Josephine Y. , Burks‐Young Sarah , Bauman Adrian 
Published: September 2016

Issue addressedEcological momentary assessment (EMA) involves repeated sampling of current behaviours and experiences in real‐time at random intervals. EMA is an innovative measurement method for program evaluation, using mobile technology (e.g. smartphones) to collect valid contextual health promotion data with good compliance. The present study examined the feasibility of using EMA for measuring workplace health outcomes.MethodsTwenty‐two office‐based adults were prompted at four random times per work‐day during a 5‐day period to respond to a short survey via a smartphone application. The prompting stopped when participants had either responded 12 times or the 5‐day period had ended. The questions pertained to posture, task currently being undertaken, social interactions, musculoskeletal issues, mood, and perceptions of engagement and creativity.ResultsIn total 156 responses were collected. Nine participants completed all 12 surveys; the average completion rate was 58% (7/12). The average completion time was initially 50 s and reduced to 24 s during the later surveys. On average the participants were sitting and standing in 79% and 14% of survey instances, respectively. The participants reported they were working alone at their desks in 68% of instances. Reported productivity and stress were on average 6 and 3 out of 10, respectively, but varied up to 6–8 points within one person, hence the method appears sensitive to temporal variations in perceptions and mood.ConclusionGiven the rich real‐time data, minimal participant burden and use of readily available technology, EMA has substantial potential in workplace health promotion evaluation through the measurement of participants' well being, activities, and behaviour change.So what?An in‐the‐moment method using readily available mobile technology to assess participants' perceptions, mood and activity that provides rich information with minimal participant burden is a promising way to evaluate future health promotion programs.
Closing crack earthquakes within the Krafla caldera, North
Iceland
Authors: Mildon Zoë K. , Pugh David J. , Tarasewicz Jon , White Robert S. , Brandsdóttir Bryndís 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Moment tensor analysis with a Bayesian approach was used to analyse a non-double-couple (non-DC) earthquake (Mw ∼ 1) with a high isotropic (implosive) component within the Krafla caldera, Iceland. We deduce that the earthquake was generated by a closing crack at depth. The event is well located, with high signal-to-noise ratio and shows dilatational P-wave first arrivals at all stations where the first arrival can be picked with confidence. Coverage of the focal sphere is comprehensive and the source mechanism stable across the full range of uncertainties. The non-DC event lies within a cluster of microseismic activity including many DC events. Hence, we conclude that it is a true non-DC closing crack earthquake as a result of geothermal utilization and observed magma chamber deflation in the region at present.
The SLUGGS survey: revisiting the correlation between X-ray luminosity and total mass of massive early-type galaxies
Authors: Forbes Duncan A. , Alabi Adebusola , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Kim Dong-Woo , Brodie Jean P. , Fabbiano Giuseppina 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Here we utilize recent measures of galaxy total dynamical mass and X-ray gas luminosities (LX,Gas) for a sample of 29 massive early-type galaxies from the SLUGGS survey to probe LX, Gas–mass scaling relations. In particular, we investigate scalings with stellar mass, dynamical mass within 5 effective radii (Re) and total virial mass. We also compare these relations with predictions from Λ cold dark matter simulations. We find a strong linear relationship between LX, Gas and galaxy dynamical mass within 5Re, which is consistent with the recent cosmological simulations of Choi et al. that incorporate mechanical heating from AGN. We conclude that the gas surrounding massive early-type galaxies was shock-heated as it fell into collapsing dark matter haloes so that LX, Gas is primarily driven by the depth of a galaxy's potential well. Heating by an AGN plays an important secondary role in determining LX, Gas.
Plume dynamics in Hele-Shaw porous media convection
Authors: Ecke Robert E. , Backhaus Scott 
Published: September 2016

Mass transport in multi-species porous media is through molecular diffusion and plume dynamics. Predicting the rate of mass transport has application in determining the efficiency of the storage and sequestration of carbon dioxide. We study a water and propylene–glycol system enclosed in a Hele-Shaw cell with variable permeability that represents a laboratory analogue of the general properties of porous media convection. The interface between the fluids, tracked using an optical shadowgraph technique, is used to determine the mass transport rate, the spatial separation of solutal plumes, and the velocity and width characteristics of those plumes. One finds that the plume dynamics are closely related to the mass transport rate.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Energy and the subsurface’.
Fluid-driven cracks in an elastic matrix in the toughness-dominated limit
Authors: Lai Ching-Yao , Zheng Zhong , Dressaire Emilie , Stone Howard A. 
Published: September 2016

The dynamics of fluid-driven cracks in an elastic matrix is studied experimentally. We report the crack radiusR(t) as a function of time, as well as the crack shapesw(r,t) as a function of space and time. A dimensionless parameter, the pressure ratio Δpf/Δpv, is identified to gauge the relative importance between the toughness (Δpf) and viscous (Δpv) effects. In our previous paper (Laiet al.2015Proc. R. Soc. A471, 20150255. (doi:10.1098/rspa.2015.0255)), we investigated the viscous limit experimentally when the toughness-related stresses are negligible for the crack propagation. In this paper, the experimental parameters, i.e. Young’s modulusEof the gelatin, viscosityμof the fracturing liquid and the injection flow rateQ, were chosen so that the viscous effects in the flow are negligible compared with the toughness effects, i.e. Δpf/Δpv≫1. In this limit, the crack dynamics can be described by the toughness-dominated scaling laws, which give the crack radiusR(t)∝t2/5and the half maximum crack thicknessW(t)∝t1/5. The experimental results are in good agreement with the predictions of the toughness scaling laws: the experimental data for crack radiusR(t) for a wide range of parameters (E,μ,Q) collapse after being rescaled by the toughness scaling laws, and the rescaled crack shapesw(r,t) also collapse to a dimensionless shape, which demonstrates the self-similarity of the crack shape. The appropriate choice of the viscous or toughness scaling laws is important to accurately describe the crack dynamics.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Energy and the subsurface’.
A Scalable Algorithm for Structure Identification of Complex Gene Regulatory Network from Temporal Expression Data
Authors: Gui Shupeng , Chen Rui , Wu Liang , Liu Ji , Miao Hongyu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMotivationGene regulatory interactions are of fundamental importance to various biological functions and processes. However, only a few previous computational studies have claimed success in revealing genome-wide regulatory landscapes from temporal gene expression data, especially for complex eukaryotes like human. Moreover, recent work suggests that these methods still suffer from the curse of dimensionality if network size increases to 100 or higher.ResultWe present a novel scalable algorithm for identifying genome-wide regulatory network structures. The highlight of our method is that its superior performance does not degenerate even for a network size on the order of 104, and is thus readily applicable to large-scale complex networks. Such a breakthrough is achieved by considering both prior biological knowledge and multiple topological properties (i.e., sparsity and hub gene structure) of complex networks in the regularized formulation. We also illustrate the application of our algorithm in practice using the time-course expression data from an influenza infection study in respiratory epithelial cells.Availability and ImplementationThe algorithm described in this article is implemented in MATLAB®. The source code is freely available fromhttps://github.com/Hongyu-Miao/DMI.git.Contactjliu@cs.rochester.edu;hongyu.miao@uth.tmc.eduSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available online.