bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DICAM DUMTAXAT QUOD EST HISTORICON: VARRO AND/ON THE PAST
Authors: PIRAS GIORGIO 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:
Varro's approach to his subjects is usually systematic and synchronic, but there are frequent diachronic digressions and observations on time and the past, often divided into three stages (remote past, near past, and present). I discuss Rust. 2.1, with a progressive concept of three successive stages in human history from Dicaearchus, and a fragment from Censorinus, where Varro distinguishes tria discrimina temporum. A significant affinity emerges between etymological research and the study of origins: both involve the study of antiquitas or the origo, and both use the genealogical-reconstructive method. The same image of gradus descendere indicates the sequence of logical and chronological steps in describing human history (Rust. 2.1.3–5) and etymological research (Ling. 5.7–9). Varro is fully aware of the difficulties in reconstructing the ancient past and the origins of language, because uncertainty is a characteristic of the origo of human history and of words.
VARRO, ATTICUS, AND ANNALES
Authors: MARSHALL R. M. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:
This paper explores the scholarly relationship between Varro and Atticus by focusing on the attribution of a Varronian fragment (Gell. 17.21.24). Taking into account Gellius's citation practices, it is argued that the fragment (concerning the execution of the tyrant Manlius) was mediated via Atticus, not taken directly from Varro. The evidence for Varro's and Atticus's friendship and scholarly cooperation undermines traditional attempts to identify any ultimate written source for this material, and prompts a re-evaluation of the relationship between the two friends' antiquarian interests to outline the consequences of scholarly and social exchange. This investigation suggests that, like many apparent points of Attico-Varronian overlap (including Rome's foundation-date), the fragment's origins might owe more to personal acquaintance than secluded book-learning. Their antiquarian choices had the potential to be politically charged, and the version of Manlius's death endorsed by Varro may thus indicate his political stance towards Caesar.
Socio‐cultural innovations of the Final Umm an‐Nar period (c.2100–2000 BCE) in the Oman peninsula: new insights from Ra's al‐Jinz RJ‐2
Authors: Azzarà Valentina M. , De Rorre Alexandre P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Early Bronze Age site of RJ‐2, located close to the coastal village of Ra's al‐Jinz on the eastern Omani coast (Niyabat Ra's al‐Hadd), was the focus of archaeological investigations for over two decades. The latest campaigns of excavation unearthed an architectural complex (Building XII) dated to the very end of the Umm an‐Nar period (Final UaN, c.2100–2000 BCE), previously attested on site by poorly preserved remains. This paper presents the remains explored during the most recent fieldwork, focusing on the stratigraphic‐structural sequence and the spatial layout. It also considers the transformations affecting structural evidence and material culture during this period, at both local and regional level, highlighting their significance for a comprehensive assessment of the last occupations related to the Early Bronze Age in south‐eastern Arabia. The paper concludes by showing how the Final Umm an‐Nar phase represents an age of substantial socio‐cultural innovations, which most likely shaped the transition towards the following Wadi Suq period.
Attenuated first‐rank symptoms and conversion to psychosis in a clinical high‐risk cohort
Authors: Crump Francesca M. , Arndt Leigh , Grivel Margaux , Horga Guillermo , Corcoran Cheryl M. , Brucato Gary , Girgis Ragy R. 
Published: December 2017

AimWe sought to examine attenuated first‐rank symptoms (FRS) and subcomponents of the Unusual Thought Content (P.1.) section of the Structured Interview for Psychosis‐Risk Syndromes (SIPS) to investigate the robust relationship between total P.1. and conversion. We hypothesized that attenuated FRS would drive the association and, additionally, be most predictive of a schizophrenia diagnosis.MethodWe assessed 189 clinical high‐risk participants. Two independent raters separately scored attenuated FRS and each subcomponent of P.1. as if each were the only symptom reported. Total P.1. was also scored. Participants were evaluated for conversion up to 2 years.ResultsWhile total P.1. score significantly predicted conversion in the 54 converters, attenuated FRS, which were relatively uncommon in this sample, nor any subcomponent of P.1., was independently predictive. FRS did not predict conversion to schizophrenia among 35 subjects.ConclusionAlthough attenuated FRS, and subcomponents of P.1. of the SIPS, did not significantly predict transition to psychosis, our results support previous research affirming the value of total P.1. score as a tool for predicting conversion to psychosis.
VIOLENCE AND ITS HISTORIES: MEANINGS, METHODS, PROBLEMS
Authors: DWYER PHILIP 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTViolence has evolved over the past few decades into one of the leading interpretive concepts in history. And yet there few critiques of it to speak of, and no clear‐cut methodology on how to do the history of violence. This article takes a more critical view of violence as a field of historical research by questioning some of the approaches and methods adopted until now. It examines some meanings of violence and the difficulties involved in defining it, discusses some of the trends that have emerged from the history of violence, and offers some suggestions about how to approach the topic from a different perspective. It argues for a cultural, constructed interpretation of violence that not only involves understanding behaviors, but also narratives and discourses of violence that help both define and shape people's attitudes.
Adult children of parents with mental illness: Dehumanization of a parent – ‘She wasn't the wreck in those years that she was to become later’
Authors: Murphy Gillian , Peters Kath , Wilkes Lesley , Jackson Debra 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChildren who have lived with parental mental illness experience long‐standing reduced health and social outcomes, alongside ongoing personal distress. While there has been some dialogue regarding interventions to support children who are living with parental mental illness, there remains a paucity of knowledge regarding adult children's experiences and potential needs. Given this, the aim of the present study was to establish parenting narratives of adult children who had experienced childhood parental mental illness. This included their experiences of being parented alongside their own subsequent parenting roles. Three men and 10 women, ranging from 30 to 78 years old, met individually with a researcher to tell their stories. Narratives were thematically analysed to establish themes. The findings of the study demonstrated that individuals who have lived with childhood parental mental illness dehumanized their parent with mental illness. The authors argue that all mental health services should be underpinned with a whole of family assessment and care philosophy. There is also a need for all mental health services to consider how policies and procedures might inadvertently dehumanize clients who are parents, which could contribute to familial dehumanization. This could prevent the dehumanization of parents who experience mental illness to preserve parental and child relationships.
Prospective Validation of a Screening Tool to Identify Older Adults in Need of a Driving Evaluation
Authors: Betz Marian E. , Haukoos Jason S. , Schwartz Robert , DiGuiseppi Carolyn , Kandasamy Deepika , Beaty Brenda , Juarez‐Colunga Elizabeth , Carr David B. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo prospectively validate and refine the 5‐item “CRASH” screening tool for identifying older drivers needing a behind‐the‐wheel (BTW) test.DesignProspective observational study.SettingGeriatric and internal medicine primary care clinics affiliated with a tertiary care hospital and a local BTW program.ParticipantsCognitively intact drivers aged 65 and older (N = 315).MeasurementsParticipants completed baseline questionnaire (including CRASH tool) and assessments and BTW test (evaluator blinded to questionnaire results) and participated in 1‐month telephone follow‐up. Analysis included descriptive statistics and examination of predictive ability of the CRASH tool to discriminate normal (pass) from abnormal (conditional pass or fail) on the BTW test, with logistic regression and CART techniques for tool refinement.ResultsTwo hundred sixty‐six participants (84%) had a BTW test; of these, 17% had a normal rating and 83% an abnormal rating. Forty‐five percent of those with an abnormal score were advised to limit driving under particular conditions. Neither the CRASH tool nor its individual component variables were significantly associated with the summary BTW score; in refined models with other variables, the best‐performing tool had approximately 67% sensitivity and specificity for an abnormal BTW score. Most participants found the BTW test useful and were willing to pay a median of $50. At 1‐month follow‐up, no participants had stopped driving.ConclusionThe CRASH screening tool cannot be recommended for use in clinical practice. Findings on older adults' perceived utility of the BTW test and the stability of driving patterns at 1‐month follow‐up could be useful for future research studies and for design of older driver programs.
Developing the Functional Assertiveness Scale: Measuring Dimensions of Objective Effectiveness and Pragmatic Politeness
Authors: Mitamura Takashi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to develop a measure for functional assertiveness, the Functional Assertiveness Scale (FAS). Functional assertiveness is a new concept of assertiveness that represents a method of appropriate self‐expression. Functional assertiveness is defined as interpersonal communication that occurs when a speaker encounters interpersonal problems that should be resolved or has objectives that should be achieved, and the speaker's message is perceived as appropriate by the listener (Mitamura & Tanaka‐Matsumi, 2010, 2010c). Five studies were conducted in order to develop the FAS. In Study 1, we generated an item pool for FAS, and in Study 2 we developed the FAS prototype using this item pool. Study 3 examined the factorial validity, concurrent validity, and internal consistency of the FAS. Study 4 examined test–retest reliability of the FAS. Study 5 examined responsiveness on the FAS. The validity and reliability of the FAS and potential utility and clinical implication of the FAS are discussed.
Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy locking‐compression plates for stabilisation of canine and feline ilial body fractures
Authors: Guthrie J. W. , Kalff S. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes following surgical stabilisation of ilial fractures in dogs and cats using a laterally applied Synthes TPLO locking compression plate.Materials and MethodsMedical records and radiographs of seven dogs and two cats which had undergone surgical repair of an ilial body fracture with a TPLO locking compression plate were reviewed. Long‐term clinical follow‐up was obtained from an owner or referring veterinarian questionnaire.ResultsFracture reduction was anatomic in six of nine ilia and near‐anatomic in three of nine. All but one fracture achieved osseous union by 6 weeks after surgery. No screw loosening or implant‐related complications occurred in any patient. There was pelvic canal narrowing in six of nine patients (median reduction in pelvic canal diameter was 4·9%). No intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported.Clinical SignificanceLateral plating of canine and feline ilial fractures with a Synthes TPLO locking compression plate was associated with a low complication rate and satisfactory radiographic and clinical outcomes in this small case series.
Expression of a carotenoid‐modifying gene and evolution of red coloration in weaverbirds (Ploceidae)
Authors: Twyman Hanlu , Prager Maria , Mundy Nicholas I. , Andersson Staffan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRed carotenoid colours in birds are widely assumed to be sexually selected quality indicators, but this rests on a very incomplete understanding of genetic mechanisms and honesty‐mediating costs. Recent progress was made by the implication of the gene CYP2J19 as an avian carotenoid ketolase, catalysing the synthesis of red C4‐ketocarotenoids from yellow dietary precursors, and potentially a major mechanism behind red coloration in birds. Here, we investigate the role of CYP2J19 in the spectacular colour diversification of African weaverbirds (Ploceidae), represented by five genera and 16 species: eight red, seven yellow and one without carotenoid coloration. All species had a single copy of CYP2J19, unlike the duplication found in the zebra finch, with high expression in the retina, confirming its function in colouring red oil droplets. Expression was weak or undetected in skin and follicles of pigment‐depositing feather buds, as well as in beaks and tarsi, including those of the red‐billed quelea. In contrast, the hepatic (liver) expression of CYP2J19 was consistently higher (>14‐fold) in seven species with C4‐ketocarotenoid coloration than in species without (including one red species), an association strongly supported by a phylogenetic comparative analysis. The results suggest a critical role of the candidate ketolase, CYP2J19, in the evolution of red C4‐ketocarotenoid colour variation in ploceids. As ancestral state reconstruction suggests that ketocarotenoid coloration has evolved twice in this group (once in Euplectes and once in the Quelea/Foudia clade), we argue that while CYP2J19 has retained its ancestral role in the retina, it has likely been co‐opted for red coloration independently in the two lineages, via increased hepatic expression.
Normative values and factors affecting water‐perfused esophageal high‐resolution impedance manometry for a Chinese population
Authors: Tseng P.‐H. , Wong R. K. M. , Wu J.‐F. , Chen C.‐C. , Tu C.‐H. , Lee Y.‐C. , Lee H.‐C. , Wang H.‐P. , Wu M.‐S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundCombined esophageal high‐resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) measures multiple pressures and bolus transit simultaneously, facilitating detailed assessment of esophageal motility. Currently, normative values for water‐perfused HRIM systems for Chinese populations are lacking.MethodsHealthy volunteers were enrolled for comprehensive anthropometric measures, blood biochemistry tests, and an HRIM study using 22 water‐perfused pressure sensors and 12 impedance channels. Ten 5‐mL liquid swallows of saline at 30‐second intervals were conducted. The following parameters were calculated: distal contractile integral (DCI), distal latency (DL), lower esophageal sphincter (LES) basal pressure, 4‐second integrated relaxation pressure (IRP‐4s), and complete bolus transit percentage. Normal values were established based on the 5th and 95th percentiles.Key ResultsAll 66 participants (34 male, 32 female, aged 21‐64 years) completed the study and tolerated the HRIM procedure well. The upper normal limit (95th percentile) of IRP‐4 second was 20 mmHg. The 5th‐95th percentile range for DCI, DL, and complete bolus transit was 99‐2186 mmHg●s●cm, 6.2‐11.3 second, and 50%‐100%, respectively. Age was negatively correlated with DL. Females had significantly higher upper limits for IRP‐4s and median DCI than males. Multivariate analyses confirmed that IRP‐4s was higher in females, and that higher body mass index and waist circumference were associated with reduced DL and better bolus transit, respectively.Conclusions and InferencesWe established normative values for the water‐perfused HRIM system for a Chinese population. Gender and anthropometric factors may affect various major HRIM parameters and should be taken into account when interpreting HRIM results in clinical practice.
Internal venous anomalies in patients with a genital venous malformation
Authors: Peterman Caitlin M. , Todd Patricia S. , Lillis Anna P. , Fishman Steven J. , Liang Marilyn G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous venous malformation (VM) can be associated with internal vascular anomalies. Our objective was to investigate the frequency of internal vascular anomalies in patients with an isolated genital venous malformation to assess the utility of screening for internal findings.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our Vascular Anomalies Center database for patients with a focal genital venous malformation presenting between 1999 and 2016. Abdominal and pelvic imaging reports were reviewed for internal vascular anomalies. Endoscopy reports were also reviewed when available.ResultsA focal genital venous malformation was found in 22 patients (14 female, 8 male). Ten (45%) had a venous malformation of at least one internal structure, most commonly the pelvic floor (n = 6), colon (n = 5), urethra (n = 4), and/or bladder (n = 3). Eight experienced hematuria, hematochezia, and/or rectorrhagia secondary to their internal venous malformation. In patients with internal venous malformations, the mean age of symptom presentation was 7.3 years (range 1‐22 years). Two patients had malformed inferior mesenteric and portal veins visible using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. They required surgical intervention to prevent thrombosis and decrease urogenital and gastrointestinal bleeding.ConclusionNearly half of our patients with a focal genital venous malformation had internal venous anomalies. Physicians should suspect urogenital or gastrointestinal venous malformations in patients with a focal genital venous malformation, especially if they develop hematuria, hematochezia, or rectorrhagia. Significant mesenteric venous trunk anomalies can also occur. Because these require surgical intervention, early recognition is important. We recommend that all patients with a focal genital venous malformation undergo abdominal and pelvic ultrasound to evaluate for internal venous anomalies.
The influence of personal, relational, and contextual factors on forgiveness communication following transgressions
Authors: EDWARDS TIMOTHY , PASK ELIZABETH B. , WHITBRED ROBERT , NEUENDORF KIMBERLY A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe way that individuals adapt to stress in their romantic relationships plays a major role in determining relational satisfaction. This study used the Vulnerability‐Stress‐Adaptation Model as a framework to examine how individuals adapt to a relational transgression in their romantic relationships. This study examined individuals' attachment dimensions and perceived relational equity as factors that influenced how they used forgiveness strategies following a relational transgression. The results revealed that both attachment dimensions and perceptions of relational equity inform our understanding of the strategies that individuals use to communicate forgiveness to a romantic relationship partner. Furthermore, the results suggest that the communication of forgiveness has important implications for relational satisfaction.
He being dead, yet speaketh: the preacher's voice in early seventeenth‐century posthumous sermon collections
Authors: Clement Jennifer 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecent studies of the early modern sermon argue that we need to read them in their historical context, but these studies often define context to mean, primarily, the original performance of the sermon, emphasizing how the paratexts of printed sermons preserve information about the time, place, and occasion of original delivery. Although I agree that understanding the conditions of the preached sermon is important, I suggest that the authority of the sermon event is less important to justify the printed sermon than we tend to assume. In this article, I focus on the paratextual means by which early seventeenth‐century sermon collections were framed, especially by editors of posthumous works, as the living voices of dead preachers. As I show, such collections do not preserve information about the original sermon event so much as they focus on print's ability to preserve the words, ideas, and wisdom of the dead.
Quantitative characterization of grain shape: Implications for textural maturity analysis and discrimination between depositional environments
Authors: Tunwal Mohit , Mulchrone Kieran F. , Meere Patrick A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGrain shape plays an important role in textural analysis of sedimentary grains. Textural analysis helps to determine the formation, transportation and deposition processes of sedimentary rocks. However, there is a lack of standardized methodology for quantitative characterization of grain shapes. The utility of fully automated image analysis for grain shape measurement is assessed in this paper. This research aimed to identify the most useful shape parameters for textural characterization of populations of grains and determine the relative importance of the parameters. A key aspect of this study is to determine whether, in a particular sedimentary environment, textural maturity of the samples can be ranked based on their grain shape data. Furthermore, discrimination of sedimentary depositional environments is explored on the basis of grain shape. In this study, 20 loose sediment samples from four known depositional environments (beach, aeolian, glacial and fluvial) were analysed using newly implemented automatic image analysis methods. For each sample, a set of 11 shape parameters were calculated for 200 grains. The data demonstrate a progression in textural maturity in terms of roundness, angularity, irregularity, fractal dimension, convexity, solidity and rectangularity. Furthermore, statistical analysis provides strong support for significant differences between samples grouped by environment and generates a ranking consistent with trends in maturity. Based on novel application of machine learning algorithms, angularity and fractal dimension are found to be the two most important parameters in texturally classifying a grain. The results of this study indicate that textural maturity is readily categorized using automated grain shape parameter analysis. However, it is not possible to absolutely discriminate between different depositional environments on the basis of shape parameters alone. This work opens up the possibility of detailed studies of the relationship between textural maturity and sedimentary environment, which may be more complicated than previously considered.
Poor continuity of care for TB diagnosis and treatment in Zambian Prisons: a situation analysis
Authors: Hatwiinda S. , Topp S. M. , Siyambango M. , Harris J. B. , Maggard K. R. , Chileshe C. , Kapata N. , Reid S. E. , Henostroza G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesPrisons act as infectious disease reservoirs. We aimed to explore the challenges of TB control and continuity of care in prisons in Zambia.MethodsWe evaluated treatment outcomes for a cohort of inmates diagnosed with TB during a TB REACH funded screening programme initiated by the Zambia Prisons Service and the Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia.ResultsBetween October 2010 and September 2011, 6282 inmates from six prisons were screened for TB, of whom 374 (6.0%) were diagnosed. TB treatment was initiated in 345 of 374 (92%) inmates. Of those, 66% were cured or completed treatment, 5% died and 29% were lost to follow‐up. Among those lost to follow‐up, 11% were released into the community and 13% were transferred to other prisons.ConclusionsWeak health systems within the Zambian prison service currently undermines continuity of care, despite intensive TB screening and case‐finding interventions. To prevent TB transmission and the development of drug resistance, we need sufficient numbers of competent staff for health care, reliable health information systems including electronic record keeping for prison facilities, and standard operating procedures to guide surveillance, case‐finding and timely treatment initiation and completion.