bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline Levels of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep May Protect Against Excessive Activity in Fear-Related Neural Circuitry
Authors: Lerner Itamar , Lupkin Shira M. , Sinha Neha , Tsai Alan , Gluck Mark A. 
Published: October 2017

Sleep, and particularly rapid eye movement sleep (REM), has been implicated in the modulation of neural activity following fear conditioning and extinction in both human and animal studies. It has long been presumed that such effects play a role in the formation and persistence of posttraumatic stress disorder, of which sleep impairments are a core feature. However, to date, few studies have thoroughly examined the potential effects of sleep prior to conditioning on subsequent acquisition of fear learning in humans. Furthermore, these studies have been restricted to analyzing the effects of a single night of sleep—thus assuming a state-like relationship between the two. In the current study, we used long-term mobile sleep monitoring and functional neuroimaging (fMRI) to explore whether trait-like variations in sleep patterns, measured in advance in both male and female participants, predict subsequent patterns of neural activity during fear learning. Our results indicate that higher baseline levels of REM sleep predict reduced fear-related activity in, and connectivity between, the hippocampus, amygdala and ventromedial PFC during conditioning. Additionally, skin conductance responses (SCRs) were weakly correlated to the activity in the amygdala. Conversely, there was no direct correlation between REM sleep and SCRs, indicating that REM may only modulate fear acquisition indirectly. In a follow-up experiment, we show that these results are replicable, though to a lesser extent, when measuring sleep over a single night just before conditioning. As such, baseline sleep parameters may be able to serve as biomarkers for resilience, or lack thereof, to trauma.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNumerous studies over the past two decades have established a clear role of sleep in fear-learning processes. However, previous work has focused on the effects of sleep following fear acquisition, thus neglecting the potential effects of baseline sleep levels on the acquisition itself. The current study provides the first evidence in humans of such an effect. Specifically, the results of this study suggest that baseline rapid eye movement (REM) sleep may serve a protective function against enhanced fear encoding through the modulation of connectivity between the hippocampus, amygdala, and the ventromedial PFC. Building on this finding, baseline REM measurements may serve as a noninvasive biomarker for resilience to trauma or, conversely, to the potential development of posttraumatic stress disorder following trauma.
Development of the Visual Word Form Area Requires Visual Experience: Evidence from Blind Braille Readers
Authors: Kim Judy S. , Kanjlia Shipra , Merabet Lotfi B. , Bedny Marina 
Published: October 2017

Learning to read causes the development of a letter- and word-selective region known as the visual word form area (VWFA) within the human ventral visual object stream. Why does a reading-selective region develop at this anatomical location? According to one hypothesis, the VWFA develops at the nexus of visual inputs from retinotopic cortices and linguistic input from the frontotemporal language network because reading involves extracting linguistic information from visual symbols. Surprisingly, the anatomical location of the VWFA is also active when blind individuals read Braille by touch, suggesting that vision is not required for the development of the VWFA. In this study, we tested the alternative prediction that VWFA development is in fact influenced by visual experience. We predicted that in the absence of vision, the “VWFA” is incorporated into the frontotemporal language network and participates in high-level language processing. Congenitally blind (n= 10, 9 female, 1 male) and sighted control (n= 15, 9 female, 6 male), male and female participants each took part in two functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments: (1) word reading (Braille for blind and print for sighted participants), and (2) listening to spoken sentences of different grammatical complexity (both groups). We find that in blind, but not sighted participants, the anatomical location of the VWFA responds both to written words and to the grammatical complexity of spoken sentences. This suggests that in blindness, this region takes on high-level linguistic functions, becoming less selective for reading. More generally, the current findings suggest that experience during development has a major effect on functional specialization in the human cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe visual word form area (VWFA) is a region in the human cortex that becomes specialized for the recognition of written letters and words. Why does this particular brain region become specialized for reading? We tested the hypothesis that the VWFA develops within the ventral visual stream because reading involves extracting linguistic information from visual symbols. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that in congenitally blind Braille readers, but not sighted readers of print, the VWFA region is active during grammatical processing of spoken sentences. These results suggest that visual experience contributes to VWFA specialization, and that different neural implementations of reading are possible.
Presynaptic Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors Differentially Shape Select Inputs to Auditory Thalamus and Are Negatively Impacted by Aging
Authors: Sottile Sarah Y. , Hackett Troy A. , Cai Rui , Ling Lynne , Llano Daniel A. , Caspary Donald M. 
Published: October 2017

Acetylcholine (ACh) is a potent neuromodulator capable of modifying patterns of acoustic information flow. In auditory cortex, cholinergic systems have been shown to increase salience/gain while suppressing extraneous information. However, the mechanism by which cholinergic circuits shape signal processing in the auditory thalamus (medial geniculate body, MGB) is poorly understood. The present study, in male Fischer Brown Norway rats, seeks to determine the location and function of presynaptic neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) at the major inputs to MGB and characterize how nAChRs change during aging.In vitroelectrophysiological/optogenetic methods were used to examine responses of MGB neurons after activation of nAChRs during a paired-pulse paradigm. Presynaptic nAChR activation increased responses evoked by stimulation of excitatory corticothalamic and inhibitory tectothalamic terminals. Conversely, nAChR activation appeared to have little effect on evoked responses from inhibitory thalamic reticular nucleus and excitatory tectothalamic terminals.In situhybridization data showed nAChR subunit transcripts in GABAergic inferior colliculus neurons and glutamatergic auditory cortical neurons supporting the present slice findings. Responses to nAChR activation at excitatory corticothalamic and inhibitory tectothalamic inputs were diminished by aging. These findings suggest that cholinergic input to the MGB increases the strength of tectothalamic inhibitory projections, potentially improving the signal-to-noise ratio and signal detection while increasing corticothalamic gain, which may facilitate top-down identification of stimulus identity. These mechanisms appear to be affected negatively by aging, potentially diminishing speech perception in noisy environments. Cholinergic inputs to the MGB appear to maximize sensory processing by adjusting both top-down and bottom-up mechanisms in conditions of attention and arousal.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus is the source of cholinergic innervation for sensory thalamus and is a critical part of an ascending arousal system that controls the firing mode of thalamic cells based on attentional demand. The present study describes the location and impact of aging on presynaptic neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) within the circuitry of the auditory thalamus (medial geniculate body, MGB). We show that nAChRs are located on ascending inhibitory and descending excitatory presynaptic inputs onto MGB neurons, likely increasing gain selectively and improving temporal clarity. In addition, we show that aging has a deleterious effect on nAChR efficacy. Cholinergic dysfunction at the level of MGB may affect speech understanding negatively in the elderly population.
Introduction
Authors: Jourdan Dawn 
Published: October 2017

The second issue of the Interdisciplinary Journal of Signage and Wayfinding is dedicated to the topic of visibility. As simply put by the Texas Transportation Institute:
Seeing the road and everything around it while driving is not a preferred option, rather it is an essential component of safe driving. Driving is a visual activity, and as we make our way down a road, we all look at a wide range of visual inputs—the roadway, the surrounding terrain, other vehicles, roadside buildings and advertisements and traffic control devices such as signs, markings, and signals—to help us get where we are going. How we distinguish those visual inputs and maneuver the vehicle safely varies from person to person and can depend on quite a number of random, uncontrollable things—the weather, time of day, driver age, health and experience, as well as unexpected distractions inside or outside the vehicle—all can have an effect.https://tti.tamu.edu/group/visibility/, last visited 6/12/17. As businesses know, their businesses must be visible to be viable. Clear signage enhances their visibility in the marketplace.
Regardless of sign type or intended audience, being able to see and read the message on a sign is critical. In this issue of the International Journal of Signage and Wayfinding, Bullough explores the literature on visibility as it relates to the conspicuity and legibility of signage. This article provides contexts for what we know about the typographic and symbolic characteristics of signs, as well as the environments in which they are placed.
Pedestrians rely on signs to help them navigate exterior and interior environments. Apardian and Alum demonstrate the importance of different high-visibility pedestrian warning signs at midblock crossings for pedestrian safety. Symonds explores the importance of clear wayfinding strategies inside airports while Ward and his students provides an analysis of the critical wayfinding elements on college campuses.
Visibility is also critical for motorists as they traverse US roadways. Auffrey and Hilderbrant provide an accounting of the lost opportunities of those businesses whose signs cannot be viewed by passersby. Utilizing 3M’s Visual Analysis Software, the researchers demonstrate the average probability that a sign is being viewed by motorists and make recommendations for improving visibility.
Transition Blues: The Experience of Female Collegiate Student-Athletes
Authors: Saxe Kelsie , Hardin Robin , Taylor Elizabeth A. , Pate Josh R. 
Published: October 2017

Ten female student-athletes in their third or fourth year of eligibility at an NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) institution participated in an in-depth, semi-structured interview in order to gain a deeper understanding their transitioning experience. A better understanding of those experiences will enable administrators, coaches, support staff, and other stakeholders to make more informed decisions regarding this population to assist them in their transition into collegiate athletics and out of collegiate athletics. The primary themes emerged from the interviews involving transition included their own transition in and out collegiate sport as well as the transition of their coaches and teammates. The findings provide a foundation to increase awareness of the issues female student-athletes face out of the realm of sport and to better assist them in the collegiate experience.
Introduction
Authors: Jourdan Dawn 
Published: October 2017

The second issue of the Interdisciplinary Journal of Signage and Wayfinding is dedicated to the topic of visibility. As simply put by the Texas Transportation Institute:
Seeing the road and everything around it while driving is not a preferred option, rather it is an essential component of safe driving. Driving is a visual activity, and as we make our way down a road, we all look at a wide range of visual inputs - the roadway, the surrounding terrain, other vehicles, roadside buildings and advertisements and traffic control devices such as signs, markings, and signals - to help us get where we are going. How we distinguish those visual inputs and maneuver the vehicle safely varies from person to person and can depend on quite a number of random, uncontrollable things - the weather, time of day, driver age, health and experience, as well as unexpected distractions inside or outside the vehicle - all can have an effect.https://tti.tamu.edu/group/visibility/, last visited 6/12/17. As businesses know, their businesses must be visible to be viable. Clear signage enhances their visibility in the marketplace.
Regardless of sign type or intended audience, being able to see and read the message on a sign is critical. In this issue of the International Journal of Signage and Wayfinding, Bullough explores the literature on visibility as it relates to the conspicuity and legibility of signage. This article provides contexts for what we know about the typographic and symbolic characteristics of signs, as well as the environments in which they are placed.
Pedestrians rely on signs to help them navigate exterior and interior environments. Apardian and Alum demonstrate the importance of different high-visibility pedestrian warning signs at midblock crossings for pedestrian safety. Symonds explores the importance of clear wayfinding strategies inside airports while Ward and his students provides an analysis of the critical wayfinding elements on college campuses.
Visibility is also critical for motorists as they traverse US roadways. Auffrey and Hilderbrant provide an accounting of the lost opportunities of those businesses whose signs cannot be viewed by passersby. Utilizing 3M's Visual Analysis Software, the researchers demonstrate the average probability that a sign is being viewed by motorists and make recommendations for improving visibility.
Una nota sobre la transformada de Fourier en espacios de Hölder
Authors: Cardona Sánchez Duván 
Published: October 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>En este artículo, se estudia la acotación de la transformada </span><span>periódica de Fourier desde espacios de Lebesgue a Espacios Hölder. Par- ticularmente, se generaliza un resultado clásico de Bernstein. </span></p></div></div></div>
Determinación de la longitud de onda máxima por barrido espectral dentro del rango ultravioleta visible (UV-VIS)
Authors: Acosta Niño Gema Eunice , Bourdon Alejandro , Gutiérrez Galindo Denis Isabel 
Published: October 2017

<p>El presente trabajo hace parte de un proyecto desarrollado</p><p>en La Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia, con el se</p><p>ha elaborado un prototipo para La recuperación de metales provenientes</p><p>de la pequeña y mediana industria del sector galvánico, específicamente</p><p>en la ciudad de Bogotá. Como resultado del mismo se ha incursionado</p><p>en métodos analíticos los cuales permiten determinar la concentración</p><p>de los metales a retirar en aguas, y su contenido después de haber</p><p>realizado la electrocoagulación, estos métodos en general requieren del</p><p>uso de equipos sofisticados para estos análisis, los cuales las pequeñas y</p><p>medianas industrias no están en capacidad de adquirir. Es bien sabido</p><p>que en el último siglo se ha generado una gran cantidad de material</p><p>contaminante en los acuíferos, provenientes del sector agropecuario, aguas</p><p>domésticas e industria, causando gran afectación a suelos.</p><p>Para mitigar el impacto ambiental, se busca cuantificar estos residuos en</p><p>muestras acuosas controlando concentraciones de vertimientos generados</p><p>por las industrias. Comúnmente se usa la técnica de absorción atómica</p><p>en la cuantificación, pero los altos costos de los equipos hacen inviable la</p><p>absorción atómica para los laboratorios no especializados. Por esta razón,</p><p>se busca adaptar una técnica analítica en espectrofotométrica visible que</p><p>permitan determinar Zn<span>2+</span>, para ello es necesario determinar la longitud</p><p>de onda optima a la cual se debe trabajar en el espectrofotómetro, con las</p><p>cantidades adecuadas de reactivos que desarrollen un cromóforo apropiado</p><p>para realizar cada lectura. Dentro de este estudio se analizan parámetros</p><p>con respecto al tiempo, temperatura y pH, para establecer las mejores</p><p>condiciones en las cuales se produce el cromóforo, para obtener una lectura</p><p>adecuada en la absorbancia, cuyo valor es usado para la elaboración de </p><p>la curva de calibración que permita interpolar los valores de contenido de</p><p>Zn<span>2+</span>, para poder cuantificar.</p>
Evaluación del potencial de generación fotovoltaica en la ciudad de Quibdó, Chocó
Authors: Agudelo Arias Héctor David , Delgado Arroyo Lubin , Aristizábal Cardona Andrés Julián 
Published: October 2017

<p>En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la evaluación realizada a series de datos climáticos para obtener los promedios de radiación solar y temperatura en el Municipio de Quibdó, con el fin de determinar la factibilidad en la implementación de sistemas de generación de energía eléctrica fotovoltaica conectados a la red eléctrica.</p><p> </p><p>Para esta evaluación se tomaron como referencia las bases de datos de la estación meteorológica instalada en la Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó y la del IDEAM- 110450010; que se encuentra ubicada en el Aeropuerto el Cariño de la Ciudad de Quibdó.</p><p> </p><p>Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los meses con mayor radiación son Junio y Julio alcanzando valores aproximados de 3.83kWh/m<sup>2</sup> y los de menor radiación Abril, Agosto y Noviembre con valores aproximados de 1.59kWh/m<sup>2</sup>. La temperatura presenta un comportamiento bastante definido con valores promedios máximos de 26<sup>o</sup>C y promedios mínimos de 22<sup>o</sup>C.</p>
Análisis en estado estable y transitorio de fuentes de generación distribuida operando en isla
Authors: Pinilla Rodríguez Henry Giovanni , Aristizábal Cardona Andrés Julián 
Published: October 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>En éste trabajo se presenta un esquema de operación para que una planta de generación distribuida de potencia opere de manera aislada </span><span>en un sistema de distribución. Se analiza su funcionamiento mediante </span><span>simulaciones de estado estable y dinámico. </span></p><p><span>Los análisis fueron realizados sobre un sistema de prueba radial IEEE de 13 nodos, gracias a que este tipo sistemas cuenta con diversas configuraciones de fase para las líneas, cargas desbalanceadas, bancos de condensadores y transformadores de media a baja tensión. En cuanto a las tecnologías simuladas, se hizo uso de dos tipos de generación distribuida: generadores síncronos y generadores asíncronos con el fin de incluir energías renovables </span><span>y no renovales, y por otro lado máquinas síncronas y asíncronas. Los </span><span>resultados indican un aumento en los perfiles del voltaje de los nodos más </span><span>críticos del sistema: 1,5 % dependiendo del tipo de tecnología utilizada </span>(máquina síncrona o asíncrona) y 2 % dependiendo del punto de ubicación en la red radial. Durante el control de operación de la máquina PQ, el nivel de cargabilidad “λ” en el nodo 646 del sistema, comparado con la máquina síncrona; aumenta en 0,545 MW, para un nivel de colapso de voltaje de 78,42 V. Las simulaciones muestran que la utilización de fuentes de generación distribuida aumenta la frecuencia de oscilación del sistema de 13 nodos y estas oscilaciones de frecuencia son más grandes cuando se usan máquinas asíncronas del orden de 5,09 Hz. </p></div></div></div>
¿“Paraíso a la deriva ”? El enfoque y perspectiva sustentable en el marketing
Authors: Conraud Koellner Eva , Miranda Zambrano Gloria Amparo , Pérez Nieto Antonio 
Published: October 2017

El presente trabajo es resultado de la reflexión teórica desde un enfoque analítico, crítico y propositivo del tema, en la pretensión de contribuir al debate sobre algunos elementos que el enfoque del marketing alternativo en general debe integrar, tanto para nuestro país como para otros contextos con condiciones socio-territoriales símiles. El objetivo es presentar una visión sustentable renovada a partir del enfoque eco-socio-céntrico, misma que perfila la perspectiva y estrategias de marketing de manera alternativa. Diferente, tanto para aquellos actores que hacen propuestas técnicas, como para las organizaciones que ofertan sus productos en el mercado, como distintivo para su posicionamiento y competitividad con sentido de identidad. En este sentido, el trabajo pretende aportar aspectos propositivos y constructivos para atender la crisis social, económica y ambiental que provocó el modelo económico con la asociación partícipe de la mercadotecnia convencional. Esencial para fomentar un comportamiento asertivo en lo social, económico y ecológico, pues es responsable de los individuos en su forma de consumir; sin omitir la esencia de este modelo económico que nos rige, el cual está basado esencialmente en la competitividad y rentabilidad de las organizaciones. La investigación fue de gabinete, donde la labor principal fue la revisión de la literatura de fuentes bibliográficas multidisciplinarias que cuestionan y critican el modelo económico actual (como contrasta con los aspectos de la sustentabilidad), y las propuestas teóricas altermundistas, que proponen sustituir y cambiar dicho paradigma cuestionado hasta el hartazgo. El análisis derivó en la aplicación de un determinado enfoque alternativo al marketing como disciplina. Como principal hallazgo encontramos que el enfoque eco-socio-céntrico es factible de comportarse como soporte teórico - epistemológico para desarrollar y profundizar la propuesta de marketing sustentable. Más allá de solo limitarse a que las organizaciones se comprometan institucionalmente con la recuperación del medio ambiente teniendo como aliado al marketing, la propuesta va más allá: reflexiona y arguye compromisos sustentables con la vida y el planeta. El valor de la propuesta es invitar a comprometerse con este enfoque, toda vez que promueve el desarrollo de una identidad y compromiso profundo con la sustentabilidad desde todas sus vertientes, aspectos que el marketing convencional está muy lejos de considerar.
Panorama general del consumo socialmente responsable en Bogotá
Authors: López Celis Diana María , Peñalosa Otero Mónica Eugenia 
Published: October 2017

El presente documento hace parte de la investigación que estamos desarrollando en conjunto con la Universidad de Murcia, titulada “Medición y caracterización del consumo socialmente responsable: análisis comparativo entre Colombia y España”. En este documento abordamos distintas teorías que se tienen sobre el consumo socialmente responsable (CnSR) a nivel mundial, e indagamos con mayor profundidad acerca de lo que se conoce sobre este concepto en los consumidores de la ciudad de Bogotá, de estratos socioeconómicos 3 y 4, dando a conocer los distintos vacíos de información que se tienen sobre el tema y mostrando cómo se está midiendo el CnSR en la actualidad por parte de estas personas de acuerdo con sus actitudes.