bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensity‐Modulated Radiation Therapy With Dose Painting: A Brain‐Sparing Technique for Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Yang Joanna C. , Terezakis Stephanie A. , Dunkel Ira J. , Gilheeney Stephen W. , Wolden Suzanne L. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundWe sought to assess patterns of failure in pediatric patients with intracranial germ cell tumors (GCT) treated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy with dose painting (DP‐IMRT).ProcedureBetween July 2007 and October 2013, 11 patients with localized GCT—five germinomas and six nongerminoma GCT (NGGCT)—received definitive treatment with DP‐IMRT. Three representative patients were selected for replanning with (i) whole ventricular irradiation (WVI) with opposed lateral beams plus IMRT to the primary tumor and (ii) sequential IMRT. These plans were compared to the patients’ original DP‐IMRT plans for dosimetric analyses.ResultsFour patients with germinoma received radiation therapy alone: 45 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions to the primary tumor and 25 Gy in 1.0 Gy fractions to whole ventricles using a dose‐painting plan. One patient with germinoma received a reduced dose of 30.6 Gy to the primary tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with NGGCT (n = 6) underwent multimodality treatment including chemotherapy (n = 6) and surgery (n = 3). These patients received 54 Gy to the primary tumor and 32.4–36 Gy to the whole ventricles. Dosimetric analyses showed DP‐IMRT delivered decreased mean dose to whole brain, temporal lobes, hippocampi, cochleae, and optic nerves. With median follow‐up of 4 years, 3‐year failure‐free survival was 100% for patients with germinoma and 67% for patients with NGGCT. One patient with a pineal NGGCT experienced a local recurrence within the high dose–volume while another experienced an isolated biochemical failure.ConclusionsDP‐IMRT is dosimetrically superior to standard IMRT techniques for sparing of normal tissues. Disease control in this small series appears at least comparable to published results.
First‐trimester maternal serum ADAM12‐s and PAPP‐A levels are altered in pregnancies conceived after assisted reproduction techniques (ART)
Authors: Sahraravand Maarit , Laitinen Päivi , Järvelä Ilkka , Ryynänen Markku 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this article is to estimate whether the maternal serum levels of A disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 12 (ADAM12‐s), pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A), and free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (fβ‐hCG) are altered in assisted reproduction techniques (ART) pregnancies.MethodA retrospective cohort study with a control group was performed. Two hundred eighty‐three ART pregnancies and 1008 controls were studied. The patients were divided into groups according to the type of conception: (1) controls, (2) fresh embryo transfer (ET) following controlled ovarian stimulation (COH) and in vitro fertilization (IVF), (3) fresh ET following COH and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), (4) frozen ET during natural menstrual cycle (NC‐FET), and (5) frozen ET using hormone replacement therapy. The cases and controls were matched for gestational and maternal age and for the storage time of the samples.ResultsThe ADAM12‐s levels were statistically significantly higher in the entire ART group, IVF and ICSI groups, and NC‐FET group when compared with those in the controls. The PAPP‐A levels were decreased only in the ICSI group compared with those in the controls. fβ‐hCG levels were not altered in assisted pregnancies. The ADAM12‐s levels tended to increase with advanced gestational age. ADAM12‐s levels were correlated with PAPP‐A and fβ‐hCG levels in several subgroups of ART pregnancies.ConclusionADAM12‐s and PAPP‐A levels are altered in several subgroups of ART pregnancies. Larger studies are required to confirm these findings. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thiophene π bridge effect on bulky side‐chained benzodithiophene‐based photovoltaic polymers
Authors: Sheng Ruiying , Liu Qian , Chen Weiye , Sun Mingliang , Zheng Huilin , Ren Jing , Yang Renqiang 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTRecently, we have used terthiophene side chain to modify benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) to form novel building block for BDT polymers. In this paper, this building block is used to copolymerized with thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (TPD) and thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene (TT). This building block and TPD‐ or TT‐based polymers (P1 and P3) show high open circuit voltage (VOC) (ca. 0.9–0.95 V) and low energy loss (Eg–eVOC) in solar cells devices compared with similar polymers without bulky side chain. We further introduce thiophene π bridge into these polymers backbone to form two other polymers (P2 and P4). We find this thiophene π bridge does contribute to this bulky side chained benzodithiophene polymer photovoltaic performances, especially for power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). The polymer solar cells (PSCs) performances are moderate in this article due to the serious aggregation in the PSCs active layer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1615–1622
On the threshold for the Maker‐Breaker H‐game
Authors: Nenadov Rajko , Steger Angelika , Stojaković Miloš 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe study the Maker‐Breaker H‐game played on the edge set of the random graph . In this game two players, Maker and Breaker, alternately claim unclaimed edges of , until all edges are claimed. Maker wins if he claims all edges of a copy of a fixed graph H; Breaker wins otherwise.In this paper we show that, with the exception of trees and triangles, the threshold for an H‐game is given by the threshold of the corresponding Ramsey property of with respect to the graph H. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 49, 558–578, 2016
Four random permutations conjugated by an adversary generate Sn with high probability
Authors: Pemantle Robin , Peres Yuval , Rivin Igor 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe prove a conjecture dating back to a 1978 paper of D.R. Musser [11], namely that four random permutations in the symmetric group Sn generate a transitive subgroup with probability for some independent of n, even when an adversary is allowed to conjugate each of the four by a possibly different element of . In other words, the cycle types already guarantee generation of a transitive subgroup; by a well known argument, this implies generation of An or except for probability as . The analysis is closely related to the following random set model. A random set is generated by including each independently with probability . The sumset is formed. Then at most four independent copies of are needed before their mutual intersection is no longer infinite. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 49, 409–428, 2016
Human Adipose Stromal/Stem Cells from Obese Donors Show Reduced Efficacy in Halting Disease Progression in the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Strong Amy L. , Bowles Annie C. , Wise Rachel M. , Morand Joseph P. , Dutreil Maria F. , Gimble Jeffrey M. , Bunnell Bruce A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the white matter of the central nervous system and involves inflammation and demyelination. The recent advances in our understanding of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) and the utilization of these cells in clinical settings to treat diseases have made it essential to identify the most effective ASCs for therapy. Studies have not yet investigated the impact of obesity on the therapeutic efficacy of ASCs. Obesity is characterized by adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy and can extend to metabolic and endocrine dysfunction. Investigating the impact obesity has on ASC biology will determine whether these cells are suitable for use in regenerative medicine. The therapeutic efficacy of ASCs isolated from lean subjects (body mass index [BMI] &lt; 25; lnASCs) and obese subjects (BMI &gt; 30; obASCs) were determined in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis. Compared with the EAE disease-modifying effects of lnASCs, obASCs consistently failed to alleviate clinical symptoms or inhibit inflammation in the central nervous system. When activated, obASCs expressed higher mRNA levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with lnASCs. Additionally, conditioned media (CM) collected from the obASCs markedly enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of T cells; whereas, CM from lnASC did not. These results indicate that obesity reduces, or eliminates, the anti-inflammatory effects of human ASCs such that they may not be a suitable cell source for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The data suggest that donor demographics may be particularly important when identifying suitable stem cells for treatment.
Charmed baryons circa 2015
Authors: Cheng Hai-Yang 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This is essentially an update of Ref. [1] [H. Y. Cheng, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 24 (Suppl. 1), 593 (2009)], a review of charmed baryon physics around 2007. Topics covered in this review include the spectroscopy, strong decays, lifetimes, nonleptonic and semileptonic weak decays, and electromagnetic decays of charmed baryons.
Temporal Variation of Physico-chemical Parameters and Ostracoda Population, off Rameswaram, Gulf of Mannar, Southeast Coast of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Baskar K. , Sridhar S.G.D. , Sivakumar T. , Hussain S.M. , Maniyarasan S. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Seasonal observation on physico-chemical parameters were correlated with population of ostracoda in southern region off Rameswaram, Gulf of Mannar, Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu, southeast coast of India, by collecting bottom sediment and water samples in the inner shelf region. 11 samples were collected every season, for four different seasons, namely, northeast monsoon (October 2010), winter (January 2011), summer (April 2011) and southwest monsoon (July 2011) seasons. Spatial and seasonal variation in physico-chemical and hydrographic parameters and sampling stations having higher population of ostracoda were critically analysed with the observed parameters. Highest population of ostracoda was recorded during summer followed by southwest monsoon, northeast monsoon and winter season. Cluster analysis reveal that station 9 falls in all seasons under favourable location, during different seasons and is having the most congenial environment for ostracoda to thrive. Depth, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, EC, TDS, nitrite and silica show positive correlation, and turbidity, nitrate and phosphate show negative correlation with total population of ostracoda.
Development of Ground Fissures: A Case Study from Southern Parts of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Gaur V. P. , Kar S. K. , Srivastava Mridul 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In recent past several incidences of ground fissures have been reported from different parts of Uttar Pradesh. The area had witnessed several drought years followed by heavy rainfall, immediately after which the fissures were noticed. This had been a cause of concern for the public and planners in general and the scientific community in particular. The authors carried out investigation of these fissures for identifying possible mechanism for their development. The studies have indicated that sudden heavy rainfall after several drought years along with the composition of the soil profile, lowering of base level of erosion in the nearby major streams are the triggering factor in the development of the cracks. The sub-surface piping inside the ground at shallow depth and collapse of the overburden inside the pipe is the possible mechanism for their formation.
The development of ground fissures/cracks is a local phenomenon, related to aseismic causes and as such there does not appear to create a panic situation. As the large trees with branching roots, were not affected by the ground fissures, the plantation of such trees may prevent the areas from further extension and development of ground cracks.
Wavelet Analysis of Residual Gravity Anomaly Profiles: Modeling of Jharia Coal Basin, India
Authors: Singh Arvind , Singh Upendra K. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In recent years, the wavelet transform has widely been used in gravity data processing and interpretation due to the good property of multi-scale analysis, and it has become an important method for mapping the crustal thickness. In this paper, an attempt is made to map the thickness of sedimentary basin (Jharia coal basin) using continuous Wavelet transform (CWT) of gravity data. As gravity anomalies map is corresponding to different geological object with different scales buried at depth. CWT technique provides source parameters such as the location, depth, structure and geometry of geological bodies and interfaces in an easy and effective way without any priori information and thus can be further used for modelling. This observation was demonstrated with a synthetic gravity data and also applied to field residual gravity anomalies over Jharia coal basin. In order to verify the results made by CWT, Euler Deconvolution Method (EDM) and Tilt-Depth Method (TDM) were also utilized to estimate the depth of the sedimentary basement. We found that CWT gives satisfactory and better results than the EDM and TDM, and the obtained results are well correlated with known models. All the above advance techniques provide consistent results. Therefore CWT offers primary information of major coal thickness that provides a basis for modeling of gravity anomaly over Jharia coal basin.
Protection Measures on the Failed Cut-slope along the Free Expressway, Chembur, Mumbai, India
Authors: Singh P. K. , Kainthola Ashutosh , Prasad Shyo , Singh T. N. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The present work summarizes the investigations made during the stability analysis of a cut slope across the basaltic rock mass of the Deccan traps. Kinematic analysis was done to understand the relation between the structural discontinuities and surface topography and to determine the probable modes of failure. The concerned slope was in very poor condition because of the discontinuity ornamentation and other construction activities in the vicinity. Due to steep cut slope and blocky nature of rock mass, rockfall investigation was done to identify the rockfall trajectory, bounce height and kinetic energy in order to design proper support systems against falling mass. Material model was later simulated using the Hoek and Brown parameters in a finite element method considering different structural discontinuities. The safety factor at this state was less than one, the result of which was the recurrent slope failure and hassled traffic movement along the expressway. Finally, with the help of field observations, investigations from rockfall analysis and numerical simulation, necessary remedial measures were suggested and implemented that showed tremendous results in terms of safety and stability.
Stable (δ13C and δ15N) Isotopes and Magnetic Susceptibility Record of Late Holocene Climate Change from a Lake Profile of the Northeast Himalaya
Authors: Agrawal Shailesh , Srivastava Pradeep , Sonam  , Meena N. K. , Rai Santosh K. , Bhushan R. , Misra D. K. , Gupta A. K. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This study aims at reconstructing paleovegetation history in the northeast Himalaya during the past 2700 yrs using a 100 cm long sedimentary section selected near Anini village, Dibang valley, Arunachal Pradesh (India). Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N); and total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content in organic matter as well as magnetic susceptibility were determined. Results obtained show a strong correlation between TOC-TN indicating similar source for organic matter. δ13C and TOC/TN ratio throughout the stratigraphic unit seems to be poorly correlated which suggests that the primary carbon isotope signatures are preserved in the sedimentary environment. Overall, δ13C values of the organic matter in the section vary in the range from −23.9 to −21.2 ‰ which is typical of mixed C3-C4 plants.. A distinguishable increasing trend in δ13C during 2700 to 1300 yrs indicates change in vegetation pattern from C3 to C4 plants due to significant climate change from wetter to drier conditions. After 1300 yrs δ13C values decrease rapidly by 1.3‰ and suggest increasing abundance of C3 plants in wetter climatic condition. The relatively small variation in δ13C values in the upper part of the section during 1200 yrs to present suggest a stable climatic condition.
Iron Oxides Mapping from E0-1 Hyperion Data
Authors: Raj S. Kiran , Ahmed S. A. , Srivatsav S. K. , Gupta P. K. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The spatial and spectral capabilities of hyperion were considered highly suitable for mineral potential mapping. This study aimed to map iron oxide minerals from hyperion data set by following a procedure involving data pre-processing, atmospheric calibration and image classification. By several steps, the noise in the spectral and spatial domains was removed. These include the angular shift, along-track de-striping to remove the vertical stripes from the data set and reducing low-frequency spectral effect (smile). The Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) algorithm in combination with the radiance transfer code MODTRAN4 was applied for quantification and removal of the atmospheric effect and retrieval of the surface reflectance. The reflectance values were compared with the spectra obtained from USGS spectral library and with the spectra obtained from radiometric measurements. Results derived from the visible and near infrared and shortwave infrared bands of hyperion between 400 to 2500nm represented iron oxide minerals signature at 465, 650 and 850–950 nm.
Fusion of Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Mani V. R. S. , Arivazhagan S. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Recently, there has been greater interest in the Hyper spectral (HS) sensing technology as the information that resides in the HS spectral domain provides significant advantages over the traditional Multi spectral images. The inherent tradeoff between the spectral and spatial resolutions has resulted in the development of remote sensing systems that include fusion of Hyper spectral image and Multi spectral image taken over the same image scene. In this proposed work Matrix Factorization (MF) Un mixing based fusion method is used for the fusion of the HS image and the MS image to produce a fused image data that will be enhanced in terms of its both spatial and spectral qualities which in turn contributes for the accurate identification and classification of various materials in the observed image scene. This algorithm is very straight forward and easy to implement owing to its simple update rules. The effectiveness of the proposed fusion technique for fusion of HS image and MS image over the other traditional fusion techniques like wavelet based fusion and IHS fusion, is analyzed in terms of the spatial and spectral performance metrics.
The role of best friends in educational identity formation in adolescence
Authors: van Doeselaar Lotte , Meeus Wim , Koot Hans M. , Branje Susan 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis 4‐year longitudinal study examined over‐time associations between adolescents' educational identity, perceived best friends' balanced relatedness, and best friends' educational identity. Adolescents (N = 464, Mage = 14.0 years at baseline, 56.0% males, living in the Netherlands) and their self‐nominated best friends reported on their educational commitment, in‐depth exploration, and reconsideration. Target adolescents also reported on the level of balanced relatedness provided by their best friend. Cross‐lagged panel models showed that balanced relatedness significantly predicted adolescents' reconsideration, and was predicted by in‐depth exploration and, in an inconsistent pattern, by commitment. Best friends' educational identity did not positively predict adolescents' educational identity. Perceiving a best friend as high on balanced relatedness seems to reduce adolescents' problematic educational reconsideration, while, in turn, adaptive educational identity processes might foster balanced relatedness.
The impact of two mild stressors on the nerve growth factor (NGF) immunoreactivity in the amygdala in aged rats compared to adult ones
Authors: Badowska‐Szalewska Ewa , Ludkiewicz Beata , Krawczyk Rafał , Moryś Janusz 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNerve growth factor (NGF) seems to play an important role in the ageing limbic system in response to stress. This study aimed to explore the influence of acute and chronic exposure to high‐light open field (HL‐OF) or forced swim (FS) stressors on the density of NGF immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the amygdala central (CeA), medial (MeA), lateral (LA) and basolateral (BLA) nuclei in adult (postnatal day 90; P90) and aged (P720) rats. In comparison with non‐stressed rats, neither acute nor chronic HL‐OF produced significant changes in the density of NGF‐ir neurons of studied nuclei in P90 and P720 rats. However, not acute but chronic FS was the factor inducing an increase in the density of NGF‐ir neurons in the CeA of both age groups and in the LA of P720 rats. Despite the lack of change in the density of NGF‐ir neurons between P90 and P720 non‐stressed rats, there were significant age‐related changes in NGF‐ir cells in FS and/or HL‐OF stressed rats in all the tested nuclei, with the exception of the LA. It may be concluded that as far as the influence on NGF‐ir cells in amygdaloid nuclei is concerned, HL‐OF did not constitute an aggravating factor for rats in the ontogenetic periods studied. Moreover, upregulation of NGF‐ir neurons predominantly in CeA after chronic FS seems to be neuroprotective. Age‐dependent changes in the density of NGF‐ir neurons in stressed rats are probably caused by ageing processes and they may point to dysregulation of excitatory control exerted by the amygdala.
Realisation of ‘more electric ships’ through a modular, efficient, tank‐less and non‐resonant inverter
Authors: Chaitanya Moreddy Abhinava , Maswood Ali Iftekar , Meng Yeong Lee , Gupta Amit Kumar 
Published: December 2015

During the past few decades, a constant global effort to increase clean energy production by driving down the overall production and conversion costs has paved way for many efficiency‐enhancing technologies in the field of power electronics. Marine propulsion systems incorporating power inverter systems have become the ‘new frontier’ for various marine utility applications. Hence, an inverter system with high efficiency and faultless performance has become a necessity. A novel tank‐less, non‐resonant soft‐switched inverter that operates at high switching frequency is presented in this study. High‐frequency inverter operation offers advantages in terms of power quality, output voltage distortions, and dynamic current control. The proposed inverter topology is able to achieve zero current/voltage switching throughout the load operating range without the use of any bulky resonant tank circuit. Key results of the inverter operating at 5 kHz and with a load power of 1 kW are documented. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the design.