bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CTLA-4 Limits Anti-CD20–Mediated Tumor Regression
Authors: Ren Zhenhua , Guo Jingya , Liao Jing , Luan Yan , Liu Zhida , Sun Zhichen , Liu Xiaojuan , Liang Yong , Peng Hua , Fu Yang-Xin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurpose: The inhibition of tumor growth by anti-CD20 antibody (Ab) treatment is mediated by Ab- and complement-dependent cytotoxicity in xenograft tumor models. In addition, anti-CD20 therapy for B-cell lymphoma can result in intrinsic and extrinsic tumor resistance to further Ab treatment. However, adaptive immune response–related resistance has not been well studied in anti-CD20–mediated tumor control, and adaptive immunity has long been underestimated. The purpose of this study was to explore whether T cells are involved in mediating the effects of anti-CD20 therapy and what factors contribute to adaptive immune response–related resistance.Experimental Design: Using a syngeneic mouse B-cell lymphoma model, we investigated the role of CD8+ T cells in anti-CD20–mediated tumor regression. Furthermore, we revealed how the tumor-specific T-cell response was initiated by anti-CD20. Finally, we studied adaptive immune response–related resistance in advanced B-cell lymphoma.Results: CD8+ T cells played an essential role in anti-CD20–mediated tumor regression. Mechanistically, anti-CD20 therapy promoted dendritic cell (DC)-mediated cross-presentation. Importantly, macrophages were also necessary for the increase in the tumor-specific CTL response after anti-CD20 treatment, via the production of type I IFN to activate DC function. Furthermore, adaptive resistance is gradually developed through the CTLA-4 pathway in Treg cells in larger lymphomas. Further blockade of CTLA-4 can synergize with anti-CD20 treatment in antitumor activities.Conclusions: The therapeutic function of anti-CD20 depends on tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell responses initiated by anti-CD20 through macrophages and DCs. CTLA-4 blockade can synergize with anti-CD20 to overcome adaptive immune response–related resistance in advanced B-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 193–203. ©2016 AACR.
Exploration of Corpus Augmentation Approach for English-Hindi Bidirectional Statistical Machine Translation System
Authors: Jaya K. , Gupta Deepa 
Published: June 2016

Even though lot of Statistical Machine Translation(SMT) research work is happening for English-Hindi language pair, there is no effort done to standardize the dataset. Each of the research work uses different dataset, different parameters and different number of sentences during various phases of translation resulting in varied translation output. So comparing these models, understand the result of these models, to get insight into corpus behavior for these models, regenerating the result of these research work becomes tedious. This necessitates the need for standardization of dataset and to identify the common parameter for the development of model. The main contribution of this paper is to discuss an approach to standardize the dataset and to identify the best parameter which in combination gives best performance. It also investigates a novel corpus augmentation approach to improve the translation quality of English-Hindi bidirectional statistical machine translation system. This model works well for the scarce resource without incorporating the external parallel data corpus of the underlying language. This experiment is carried out using Open Source phrase-based toolkit Moses. Indian Languages Corpora Initiative (ILCI) Hindi-English tourism corpus is used. With limited dataset, considerable improvement is achieved using the corpus augmentation approach for the English-Hindi bidirectional SMT system.
Automatic Extraction Of Malay Compound Nouns Using A Hybrid Of Statistical And Machine Learning Methods
Authors: A. S. Hazaa Muneer , Omar Nazlia , Ba-Alwi Fadl Mutaher , Albared Mohammed 
Published: June 2016

Identifying of compound nouns is important for a wide spectrum of applications in the field of natural language processing such as machine translation and information retrieval. Extraction of compound nouns requires deep or shallow syntactic preprocessing tools and large corpora. This paper investigates several methods for extracting Noun compounds from Malay text corpora. First, we present the empirical results of sixteen statistical association measures of Malay &lt;N+N&gt; compound nouns extraction. Second, we introduce the possibility of integrating multiple association measures. Third, this work also provides a standard dataset intended to provide a common platform for evaluating research on the identification compound Nouns in Malay language. The standard data set contains 7,235 unique N-N candidates, 2,970 of them are N-N compound nouns collocations. The extraction algorithms are evaluated against this reference data set. The experimental results demonstrate that a group of association measures (T-test , Piatersky-Shapiro (PS) , C_value, FGM and rank combination method) are the best association measure and outperforms the other association measures for &lt;N+N&gt; collocations in the Malay corpus. Finally, we describe several classification methods for combining association measures scores of the basic measures, followed by their evaluation. Evaluation results show that classification algorithms significantly outperform individual association measures. Experimental results obtained are quite satisfactory in terms of the Precision, Recall and F-score.
A Numerical Model of Joule Heating in Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors
Authors: Beddiaf Abdelaziz , Kerrour Fouad , Kemouche Salah 
Published: June 2016

Thermal drift caused by Joule heating in piezoresistive pressure sensors affects greatly the results in the shift of the offset voltage of the such sensors. The study of the thermal behavior of these sensors is essential to define the parameters that cause the output characteristic drift. The impact of Joule heating in a pressure sensor has been studied. The study involves the solution of heat transfer equation considering the conduction in Cartesian coordinates for the transient regime using Finite Difference Method. We determine how the temperature affects the sensor during the applying a supply voltage. For this, the temperature rise generated by Joule heating in piezoresistors has been calculated for different geometrical parameters of the sensor as well as for different operating time. It is observed that Joule heating leads to important rise temperature in the piezoresistor and, hence, causes drift in the output voltage variations in a sensor during its operated in a prolonged time. This paper put emphasis on the geometric influence parameters on these characteristics to optimize the sensor performance. The optimization of geometric parameters of sensor allows us to reducing the internal heating effect. Results showed also that low bias voltage should be applied for reducing Joule heating.
Association of Aortic Stiffness With Left Ventricular Remodeling and Reduced Left Ventricular Function Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Ohyama Yoshiaki , Ambale-Venkatesh Bharath , Noda Chikara , Chugh Atul R. , Teixido-Tura Gisela , Kim Jang-Young , Donekal Sirisha , Yoneyama Kihei , Gjesdal Ola , Redheuil Alban , Liu Chia-Ying , Nakamura Tetsuya , Wu Colin O. , Hundley W. Gregory , Bluemke David A. , Lima Joao A.C. 
Published: June 2016

Background—
This study sought to assess cross-sectional associations of aortic stiffness assessed by magnetic resonance imaging with left ventricular (LV) remodeling and myocardial deformation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Methods and Results—

Aortic arch pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured with phase contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging. LV circumferential strain (Ecc), torsion, and early diastolic strain rate were determined by tagged magnetic resonance imaging. Multivariable linear regression models were used to adjust for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Of 2093 participants, multivariable linear regression models demonstrated that higher arch PWV was associated with higher LV mass index (
B
=0.53 per 1 SD increase for log-transformed PWV,
P
<0.05) and LV mass to volume ratio (
B
=0.015,
P
<0.01), impaired LV ejection fraction (LVEF;
B
=−0.84;
P
<0.001), Ecc (
B
=0.55;
P
<0.001), torsion (
B
=−0.11;
P
<0.001), and early diastolic strain rate (
B
=−0.003;
P
<0.05). In sex stratified analysis, higher arch PWV was associated with higher MVR (
B
=0.02;
P
<0.05), impaired Ecc (
B
=0.60;
P
<0.001), and LVEF (
B
=−0.45;
P
<0.05), but with maintained torsion in women. Higher PWV was associated with impaired Ecc (
B
=0.49;
P
<0.001) and LVEF (
B
=−1.21;
P
<0.001), with lower torsion (
B
=−0.17;
P
<0.001) in men.

Conclusions—
Higher arch PWV is associated with LV remodeling, and reduced LV systolic and diastolic function in a large multiethnic population. Greater aortic arch stiffness is associated with concentric LV remodeling and relatively preserved LVEF with maintained torsion in women, whereas greater aortic arch stiffness is associated with greater LV dysfunction demonstrated as impaired Ecc, torsion, and LVEF, with less concentric LV remodeling in men.
Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator-A
296–299
Prevents Impairment of Cerebral Autoregulation After Stroke Through Lipoprotein-Related Receptor–Dependent Increase in cAMP and p38
Authors: Armstead William M. , Riley John , Yarovoi Serge , Higazi Abd Al-Roof , Cines Douglas B. 
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose—

The sole Food and Drug Administration–approved treatment for stroke is tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), but its brief therapeutic window and complications of treatment constrain its use. One limitation may be its potential to exacerbate impairment of cerebral autoregulation after stroke. Vasodilation is maintained by elevations in cAMP. However, cAMP levels fall after stroke because of overactivation of N-methyl-
d
-aspartate receptors by toxic levels of glutamate, an effect that is exacerbated by tPA. Binding of wild-type (wt) tPA to the low-density lipoprotein–related receptor (LRP) mediates dilation. We propose that binding of wt-tPA to N-methyl-
d
-aspartate receptor reduces cAMP and impairs vasodilation. We hypothesize that tPA-A
296–299
, a variant that is fibrinolytic but cannot bind to N-methyl-
d
-aspartate receptor, preferentially binds to LRP and increases cAMP and p38, limiting autoregulation impairment after stroke.

Methods—
Stroke was induced by photothrombosis in pigs equipped with a closed cranial window, cerebral blood flow determined by microspheres, and cerebrospinal fluid cAMP and p38 determined by ELISA.

Results—

Stroke decreased cerebral blood flow. Cerebral blood flow was reduced further during hypotension, indicating impairment of autoregulation. Autoregulation was further impaired by wt-tPA, which was prevented by MK801 and tPA-A
296–299
. Protection by tPA-A
296–299
was blocked by anti-LRP Ab, the LRP antagonist receptor-associated protein, and the p38 inhibitor SB 203580, but not by control IgG. Stroke reduced cerebrospinal fluid cAMP, which was reduced further by wt-tPA, but augmented by tPA-A
296–299
. Cerebrospinal fluid p38 was unchanged by wt-tPA, increased by tPA-A
296–299
, and decreased by anti-LRP Ab and receptor-associated protein.

Conclusions—

tPA-A
296–299
prevents impairment of cerebral autoregulation after stroke through an LRP-dependent increase in cAMP and p38.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Inhaled Toxicants from Waterpipe and Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Primack Brian A. , Carroll Mary V. , Weiss Patricia M. , Shihadeh Alan L. , Shensa Ariel , Farley Steven T. , Fine Michael J. , Eissenberg Thomas , Nayak Smita 
Published: June 2016

Objective. Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is an emerging trend worldwide. To inform public health policy and educational programming, we systematically reviewed the biomedical literature to compute the inhaled smoke volume, nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide (CO) associated with a single WTS session and a single cigarette. Methods. We searched seven biomedical bibliographic databases for controlled laboratory or natural environment studies designed to mimic human tobacco consumption. Included studies quantified the mainstream smoke of a single cigarette and/or single WTS session for smoke volume, nicotine, tar, and/or CO. We conducted meta-analyses to calculate summary estimates for the inhalation of each unique substance for each mode of tobacco consumption. We assessed between-study heterogeneity using chi-squared and I-squared statistics. Results. Sufficient data from 17 studies were available to derive pooled estimates for inhalation of each exposure via each smoking method. Two researchers working independently abstracted measurement of smoke volume in liters, and nicotine, tar, and CO in milligrams. All numbers included in meta-analyses matched precisely between the two researchers (100% agreement, Cohen's κ=1.00). Whereas one WTS session was associated with 74.1 liters of smoke inhalation (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.2, 110.0), one cigarette was associated with 0.6 liters of smoke (95% CI 0.5, 0.7). One WTS session was also associated with higher levels of nicotine, tar, and CO. Conclusions. One WTS session consistently exposed users to larger smoke volumes and higher levels of tobacco toxicants compared with one cigarette. These computed estimates may be valuable to emphasize in prevention programming.
The Public Health Nurse Workforce in U.S. State and Local Health Departments, 2012
Authors: Beck Angela J. , Boulton Matthew L. 
Published: June 2016

Objective. Public health nurses (PHNs) represent the single largest group of public health practitioners working in U.S. state and local health departments. Despite the important role of PHNs in the delivery and administration of public health services, little research has been conducted on this group and relatively little is known about PHN education, training, and retirement intentions. We describe the findings of a nationally representative survey of PHNs working in state and local health departments by characterizing their educational background and plans for retirement. Methods. An advisory committee convened by the University of Michigan Center of Excellence in Public Health Workforce Studies developed the Public Health Nurse Workforce Survey and disseminated it in 2012 to 50 U.S. state and 328 local health departments. Results. The 377 responding state and local health departments reported an estimated 34,521 full-time equivalent registered nurses in their employ, with PHNs or community health nurses as the largest group of workers (63%). Nearly 20% of state health department PHNs and 31% of local health department PHNs were educated at the diploma or associate's degree level. Approximately one-quarter of PHNs were determined to be eligible for retirement by 2016. Professional development and promotion opportunities, competitive benefits and salary, and hiring procedures were among the recruitment and retention issues reported by health departments. Conclusion. PHNs were reported to have highly variable occupational classifications and educational backgrounds in health departments. Additional training opportunities are needed for PHNs with diploma and associate's degrees. A shortage of PHNs is possible due to retirement eligibility and administrative barriers to recruitment and retention.
The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Funding for Newborn Screening Services
Authors: Costich Julia F. , Durst Andrea L. 
Published: June 2016

Objective. The Affordable Care Act requires most health plans to cover the federal Recommended Uniform Screening Panel of newborn screening (NBS) tests with no cost sharing. However, state NBS programs vary widely in both the number of mandated tests and their funding mechanisms, including a combination of state laboratory fees, third-party billing, and other federal and state funding. We assessed the potential impact of the Affordable Care Act coverage mandate on states' NBS funding. Method. We performed an extensive review of the refereed literature, federal and state agency reports, relevant organizations' websites, and applicable state laws and regulations; interviewed 28 state and federal officials from August to December 2014; and then assessed the interview findings manually. Results. Although a majority of states had well-established systems for including laboratory-based NBS tests in bundled charges for newborn care, billing practices for critical congenital heart disease and newborn hearing tests were less uniform. Most commonly, birthing facilities either prepaid the costs of laboratory-based tests when acquiring the filter paper kits, or the facilities paid for the tests when the kits were submitted. Some states had separate arrangements for billing Medicaid, and smaller facilities sometimes contracted with hearing test vendors that billed families separately. Conclusion. Although the Affordable Care Act coverage mandate may offset some state NBS funding for the screenings themselves, federal support is still required to assure access to the full range of NBS program services. Limiting reimbursement to the costs of screening tests alone would undermine the common practice of using screening charges to fund follow-up services counseling, and medical food or formula, particularly for low-income families.
Health Department HIV Prevention Programs That Support the National HIV/AIDS Strategy: The Enhanced Comprehensive HIV Prevention Planning Project, 2010–2013
Authors: Fisher Holly H. , Hoyte Tamika , Purcell David W. , Van Handel Michelle , Williams Weston , Krueger Amy , Dietz Patricia , Stratford Dale , Heitgerd Janet , Dunbar Erica , Wan Choi , Linley Laurie A. , Flores Stephen A. 
Published: June 2016

Objective. The Enhanced Comprehensive HIV Prevention Planning project was the first initiative of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to address the goals of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS). Health departments in 12 U.S. cities with a high prevalence of AIDS conducted comprehensive program planning and implemented cost-effective, scalable HIV prevention interventions that targeted high-risk populations. We examined trends in health department HIV prevention programs in these cities during the project. Methods. We analyzed the number of people who received partner services, condoms distributed, and people tested for HIV, as well as funding allocations for selected HIV prevention programs by year and by site from October 2010 through September 2013. We assessed trends in the proportional change in services and allocations during the project period using generalized estimating equations. We also conducted thematic coding of program activities that targeted people living with HIV infection (PLWH). Results. We found significant increases in funding allocations for HIV testing and condom distribution. All HIV partner services indicators, condom distribution, and HIV testing of African American and Hispanic/Latino populations significantly increased. HIV tests associated with a new diagnosis increased significantly among those self-identifying as Hispanic/Latino but significantly decreased among African Americans. For programs targeting PLWH, health department activities included implementing new program models, improving local data use, and building local capacity to enhance linkage to HIV medical care, retention in care, and treatment adherence. Conclusions. Overall, these findings indicate that health departments in areas with a high burden of AIDS successfully shifted their HIV prevention resources to scale up important HIV programs and make progress toward NHAS goals.
Characteristics of Local Health Departments Associated with Implementation of Electronic Health Records and other Informatics Systems
Authors: Shah Gulzar H. , Leider Jonathon P. , Castrucci Brian C. , Williams Karmen S. , Luo Huabin 
Published: June 2016

Objective. Assessing local health departments' (LHDs') informatics capacities is important, especially within the context of broader, systems-level health reform. We assessed a nationally representative sample of LHDs' adoption of information systems and the factors associated with adoption and implementation by examining electronic health records, health information exchange, immunization registry, electronic disease reporting system, and electronic laboratory reporting. Methods. We used data from the National Association of County and City Health Officials' 2013 National Profile of LHDs. We performed descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression for the five implementation-oriented outcome variables of interest, with three levels of implementation (implemented, plan to implement, and no activity). Independent variables included infrastructural and financial capacity and other characteristics associated with informatics capacity. Results. Of 505 LHDs that responded to the survey, 69 (13.5%) had implemented health information exchanges, 122 (22.2%) had implemented electronic health records, 245 (47.5%) had implemented electronic laboratory reporting, 368 (73.0%) had implemented an electronic disease reporting system, and 416 (83.8%) had implemented an immunization registry. LHD characteristics associated with health informatics adoption included provision of greater number of clinical services, greater per capita public health expenditures, health information systems specialists on staff, larger population size, decentralized governance system, one or more local boards of health, metropolitan jurisdiction, and top executive with more years in the job. Conclusion. Many LHDs lack health informatics capacity, particularly in smaller, rural jurisdictions. Cross-jurisdictional sharing, investment in public health informatics infrastructure, and additional training may help address these shortfalls.
Defining Sickle Cell Disease Mortality Using a Population-Based Surveillance System, 2004 through 2008
Authors: Paulukonis Susan T. , Eckman James R. , Snyder Angela B. , Hagar Ward , Feuchtbaum Lisa B. , Zhou Mei , Grant Althea M. , Hulihan Mary M. 
Published: June 2016

Objective. Population-based surveillance data from California and Georgia for years 2004 through 2008 were linked to state death record files to determine the all-cause death rate among 12,143 patients identified with sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods. All-cause death rates, by age, among these SCD patients were compared with all-cause death rates among both African Americans and the total population in the two states. All-cause death rates were also compared with death rates for SCD derived from publicly available death records: the compressed mortality files and multiple cause of death files. Results. Of 12,143 patients identified with SCD, 615 patients died. The all-cause mortality rate for the SCD population was lower than the all-cause mortality rate among African Americans and similar to the total population all-cause mortality rates from birth through age 4 years, but the rate was higher among those with SCD than both the African American and total population rates from ages 5 through 74 years. The count of deceased patients identified by using population-based surveillance data ( n=5615) was more than twice as high as the count identified in compressed mortality files using SCD as the underlying cause of death alone ( n=5297). Conclusion. Accurate assessment of all-cause mortality and age at death requires long-term surveillance via population-based registries of patients with accurately diagnosed SCD.