bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Female Post-Mating Response Requires Genes Expressed in the Secondary Cells of the Male Accessory Gland inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Sitnik Jessica L , Gligorov Dragan , Maeda Robert K , Karch François , Wolfner Mariana F 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSeminal proteins from the Drosophila male accessory gland induce post-mating responses (PMR) in females. The PMR comprise behavioral and physiological changes that include increased egg laying, decreased receptivity to courting males, and changes in the storage and use of sperm. Many of these changes are induced by a “sex peptide” (SP) and are maintained by SP’s binding to, and slow release from, sperm. The accessory gland contains two secretory cell types with distinct morphological and developmental characteristics. Products of these “main” and “secondary” cells work interdependently to induce and maintain the PMR. To identify individual genes needed for the morphology and function of secondary cells, we studied iab-6cocu males, whose secondary cells have abnormal morphology and fail to provide products to maintain the PMR. By RNA-seq, we identified 77 genes that are downregulated by a factor of &gt;5× in iab-6cocu males. By functional assays and microscopy, we tested 20 candidate genes and found that at least 9 are required for normal storage and release of SP in mated females. Knockdown of each of these 9 genes consequently leads to a reduction in egg laying and an increase in receptivity over time, confirming a role for the secondary cells in maintaining the long-term PMR. Interestingly, only 1 of the 9 genes, CG3349, encodes a previously reported seminal fluid protein (Sfp), suggesting that secondary cells may perform essential functions beyond the production and modification of known Sfps. At least 3 of the 9 genes also regulate the size and/or abundance of secondary cell vacuoles, suggesting that the vacuoles’ contents may be important for the machinery used to maintain the PMR.
Incidence of Concussion in Youth Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Kontos Anthony P. , Elbin R.J. , Sufrinko Alicia , Dakan Scott , Bookwalter Kylie , Price Ali , Meehan William P. , Collins Michael W. 
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND:
Ice hockey is a fast-paced collision sport that entails both intentional (ie, body checking) and incidental contact that may involve the head. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of concussions in relation to games/practices and age among competition-level youth ice hockey players (ages 12–18 years).

METHODS:
Participants included 397 youth ice hockey players from Western Pennsylvania; Boston, Massachusetts; and Birmingham, Alabama, during the 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 youth ice hockey seasons. Incidence rates (IRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of concussion were calculated for games/practices and age groups.

RESULTS:
A total of 23 369 (12 784 practice/10 585 game) athletic exposures (AEs) involving 37 medically diagnosed concussions occurred. More than 40% of concussions involved illegal contact. The combined IR for games and practices was 1.58 concussions per 1000 AEs. The IRR was 2.86 times (95% confidence interval 0.68–4.42) higher during games (2.49 per 1000 AEs) than practices (1.04 per 1000 AEs).

CONCLUSIONS:
The overall IR for concussion in youth ice hockey was comparable to those reported in other youth collision sports. The game-to-practice IRR was lower than previously reported in ice hockey and other youth sports, although more concussions per exposure occurred in games compared with practices. Younger players had a higher rate of concussions than older players.
Turner Syndrome and Celiac Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Mårild Karl , Størdal Ketil , Hagman Anna , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE:
Turner syndrome (TS) is the most common sex chromosome abnormality in females. Previous research has indicated a high prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in TS, but data have mostly been limited to case series at tertiary centers. We aimed to examine the risk for CD in individuals with TS compared with the general population.

METHODS:
This Swedish nationwide case-control study included individuals with CD and controls born in 1973-2006. The study consisted of 2 groups: (1) 7548 females with biopsy-verified CD (villous atrophy; Marsh stage 3) diagnosed until January 2008 according to histopathology report data from all 28 Swedish pathology departments and (2) 34 492 population-based controls matched by gender, age, calendar year of birth, and county of residence. TS, diagnosed by the end of 2009, was identified using prospectively recorded data from 3 nationwide health registries. Odds ratios (ORs) for CD were calculated using conditional logistic regression.

RESULTS:
Of the 7548 females with CD, 20 had a diagnosis of TS (0.26%) compared with 21 of 34 492 controls (0.06%), corresponding to an OR of 3.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.94–5.56) for CD in individuals with TS. The risk of CD in females with TS ranged from twofold (OR 2.16; 95% CI 0.91–5.11) in the first 5 years of life to a more than fivefold increase in females aged &gt;10 years at CD diagnosis (OR 5.50; 95% CI 1.53–19.78). The association between TS and CD was largely unaffected by concurrent type 1 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Females with TS are more likely to develop CD. This study supports active case-finding for CD in TS.
Narratividade histórica e natureza humana em Hume
Authors: Lemos Fabiano 
Published: January 2016

O artigo pretende discutir o estatuto da narratividade na obra de Hume, não apenas como metodologia, mas como o único meio através do qual a natureza humana ela mesma pode ser abordada no interior de seu projeto de uma ciência do homem. Em uma perspectiva exclusivamente empírica, a história se revela como o nível de composição de narrações – tanto no estudo dos costumes quanto ao lidar com a formação das relações de ideias. A leitura de muitos comentadores de Hume, que dissociam o Tratado da História da Inglaterra como dois desenvolvimentos separados de uma escrita heterogênea, pode ser desconstruída, assim, através de uma consideração atenta do que está em jogo nas demandas de objetividade no contexto da historiografia pós-rankeana.
El mosaico de Bernard – La explicación causal en biología funcional
Authors: Caponi Gustavo 
Published: January 2016

Según un punto de vista muy difundido, y alineado con la concepción nómica de la explicación causal, la biología funcional está sometida a un régimen de heteronomía explicativa en cuyo marco los fenómenos orgánicos deben explicarse recurriendo a leyes oriundas de la física y la química. En contra de esa perspectiva, la concepción experimental de la causación permite entender la naturaleza de muchas explicaciones biológicas que, sin hacer referencia a leyes causales – físicas, químicas o de cualquier otra naturaleza – se legitiman por el hecho de ponernos en condiciones de controlar experimentalmente fenómenos relativos al funcionamiento y a la constitución de los organismos. Esas explicaciones suponen invariantes locales que muchas veces, pero no necesariamente, podrán llegar a ser caracterizados como instancias de leyes físico químicas.
Condición, naturaleza humana y el origen de la sociedad civil en la filosofía vitoriana
Authors: Rivas Diego Alfredo Perez 
Published: January 2016

En la filosofía de Francisco de Vitoria la creación de la sociedad civil es causada por la vulnerabilidad de la condición humana, así como por el posterior desarrollo de las facultades intelectuales. Vitoria planteó que el poder civil residía fundamentalmente en la república, no siendo transferido mediante gracia divina a ninguna persona en particular. En esta visión, la discusión sobre el origen de la sociedad civil es desarrollada mediante argumentos filosóficos y excluyendo los argumentos teológicos como la gracia divina. Con estas ideas creó un primer puente que conecta su visión con las teorías modernas de la soberanía popular. En el artículo se propone la revisión de las ideas de Vitoria considerando tres dicotomías: la gracia y la naturaleza humana, el lógos y la sociabilidad, la racionalidad y la libertad.
A filosofia política de João Gerson (1363-1429) e o debate sobre a autonomia e os limites dos poderes
Authors: Culleton Alfredo 
Published: January 2016

O longo debate provocado pelo Cisma do Ocidente (1378-1417) propiciou um profícuo aprofundamento de alguns conceitos próprios da filosofia política, que, ainda que no marco da filosofia medieval, oferece elementos que serão fundamentais para o desenvolvimento da filosofia política moderna. Neste artigo, estudaremos a contribuição dado por João Gerson a esse debate, sobretudo relativa aos conceitos de lei natural, regimes de governo e divisão de poderes.
A concepção de alma em Avicena: não apesar de Aristóteles e, sim, através de Aristóteles
Authors: Genz Antonio Carlos de Madalena 
Published: January 2016

No artigo, analisa-se a concepção de alma de Avicena (Ibn Sina), apresentada no Livro da alma, com particular atenção ao experimento do Homem Suspenso no Espaço (HSE) e as questões derivadas a partir do mesmo. Essas dizem respeito ao vínculo de Avicena com o aristotelismo ou o neoplatonismo, as duas principaisinfluências filosóficas sobre o autor. Embora utilize principalmente conceitos aristotélicos, com o mencionado experimento Avicena rompe com a concepção aristotélica da alma, afirmando a estrita substancialidade dessa última. No artigo, busca-se mostrar que, não obstante a noção de substancialidade ser estranha ao quadro aristotélico, ainda assim Avicena é mais bem compreendido, quanto àdoutrina da alma, se visto pela ótica aristotélica, e não por uma óticaneoplatônica.
A liberdade humana e as suas diferentes situações existenciais: a infância, o sono, a demência e a ignorância no pensamento de Luis de Molina (1535-1600)
Authors: Rebalde João 
Published: January 2016

Neste estudo, pretende-se mostrar como o jesuíta Luis de Molina define a liberdade humana e a pensa em diferentes situações existenciais, nomeadamente a infância, o sono, a demência e a ignorância, na obra Concordia liberi arbitrii cum gratiae donis, divina praescientia, providentia, praedestinatione et reprobatione (1588). Discute-se também a importância da educação, da medicina e da religião no desenvolvimento do ser humano, no pensamento de Molina.
Wittgenstein: uma abordagem expressivista sobre as emoções
Authors: Carmo Juliano Santos do 
Published: January 2016

Neste trabalho, tem-se a intenção de mostrar que a abordagem de Wittgenstein sobre os conceitos de sensação e emoção pode lançar luz sobre muitos dilemas filosóficos que permanecem presentes no debate contemporâneo. A minha análise tem como ponto de partida a abordagem de Jesse Prinz sobre as emoções, a qual é fortemente influenciada pela teoria fisiológica de William James. Nesse sentido, procurarei mostrar que Prinz está sujeito as mesmas críticas que Wittgenstein endereçou à teoria de William James. Por fim, eu argumentarei que Wittgenstein, nas Investigações filosóficas, defendeu um tipo peculiar de expressivismo que, apesar de manter profundas diferenças com o expressivismo tradicional, é capaz de figurar como uma posição não cognitivista. Argumentarei, adicionalmente, que o erro na teoria de William James (e, portanto, também o erro de Prinz) é não considerar os múltiplos usos dos termos psicológicos (ou seja, pensar que os termos psicológicos possuem um uso uniforme).
The renewed constitutional level of environmental law in Hungary
Authors: Horváth Gergely 
Published: January 2016

Environmental law is encroaching into the legal system, because it orders the following of the imperative principle of integration, according to which it is necessary to build environmental considerations and priorities into all norms, plans and activities using or affecting the environment.
The highest level of national environmental legislation is the Fundamental Law of Hungary (25 April 2011), which also has new environmentally relevant provisions, which are worth analysingas they serve to protect the natural foundations of life. This assured defence of the interest of future generations stems from the human right to a healthy environment, which is linked to the respect of human dignity and life. This human right belongs to the third generation, the solidarity or collective-developmental group of rights.
The Fundamental Law also comprises several subfields of environmental law by mentioning their protected subjects and emphasizing their importance.
On the Potential Insurability of HIV
Authors: White John F. 
Published: January 2016

For the past two years, a group of medical directors representing a wide variety of companies with a concentration in life insurance has reviewed literature pertinent to the mortality studies on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and has had discussions with experts in the field. We did so as a result of our commitment to studying this disease process with an eye toward applying our findings to enhance individual companies’ analysis of the potential insurability of people currently living with HIV. This is something that to our knowledge has not been done in a similar form in this country in the recent past. Through this process, we discovered many interesting facts that we thought all active medical directors should know. And, I think it is likely that the differing risk appetites of life insurers is such that a large number of individuals living with HIV might be found to be insurable for coverage at this time.
In this brief paper, I hope to refresh your memories of the virus responsible for HIV, review its current epidemiology and give some historical perspective to the virus, its treatment, and life insurers’ responses to this infection.
Os impactos da tecnologia de mulching utilizada no cultivo do melão na região de Mossoró
Authors: Queiroga G. M. T. , Sousa M. L. R. , Silva J. K. , Rodrigues D. N. J. , Siqueira E. S. 
Published: January 2016

<p>A tecnologia de mulching é uma ferramenta que possibilita a redução de gastos para os produtores no tocante a utilização de agroquímicos, água de irrigação e a utilização de mão-de-obra, além de promover melhoria na qualidade da fruta produzida e o aumento da produção. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os impactos provocados pelo uso do mulch no meio ambiental, social e econômico de uma comunidade rural de Mossoró/RN. Fez-se o uso de observações, entrevista semiestruturada e questionário estruturado, o qual foi aplicado a 12,5% dos participantes de um total de 32. Os resultados mostram que essa tecnologia é utilizada por todos os produtores, com o intuito de melhorar a produção do melão em quantidade e qualidade. Contudo, o uso do mulch de polietileno, utilizado nessa técnica, acarreta preocupações quanto ao seu descarte pós-uso, com a utilização de práticas arcaicas como as queimadas que afetam de forma gradual a saúde do trabalhador e as propriedades biológicas do solo.</p><p><strong><em>The impacts of mulching </em></strong><strong><em>technology used in melon cultivation in Mossoró region</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The mulching technology is a tool that enables cost reduction for producers regarding the use of agrochemicals, irrigation water and the use of labor force, promoting improvement in the produced fruit quality and increasing production. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts caused by the use of mulch in the environmental, social and economic environment of a rural community of Mossoró / RN. Observation, semi-structured interview and structured questionnaire were used in the study, and the questionnaire was applied to 12.5% of participants from a total of 32. The results show that this technology is used by all producers, in order to improve the production of melon in quantity and quality. However, the use of polyethylene mulch utilized therein causes concern as to their post-use disposal, with the use of archaic practices, such as burning, that gradually affect workers' health and biological properties of the soil.<strong></strong></p>
Exposição por chumbo dos profissionais de segurança pública na região de Cascavel-PR
Authors: Souza V. De , Korand O. , Gonçalves Junior A. C. 
Published: January 2016

<p>EO objetivo desta pesquisa é mostrar os riscos a que estão expostos os profissionais de segurança pública. Sendo realizadas análises do solo do estande de tiro, verificandoos índices de contaminação por chumbo para apresentar o panorama atual de como está este ambiente utilizado pelos policiais militares. .Este trabalho apresenta os resultados do monitoramento temporal do solo do estande de tiro da Polícia Militar localizado no município de Cascavel, Paraná, através de levantamento de amostras em duas campanhas realizadas nos anos de 2013 e 2015. Que consistiu na comparação dos resultados, executados nos mesmos locais. Obtendo-se assim os teores de chumbo tendo em vista a deposição de projéteis de arma de fogo no solo do estande. Foi possível avaliar o grau de contaminação existente e comparar com a determinação legal da Resolução 420 do CONAMA que estabelece os níveis aceitáveis ou não de chumbo no solo. Os índices de teores de chumbo apresentados demonstram que os profissionais de segurança pública, em particular os policiais militares, podem estar expostos à contaminação e assim devem ser tomadas medidas de remediação conforme a prevê a legislação vigente. </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Lead exposure in the professional public safety region Cascavel-PR </em></strong></p><pre><strong>Abstract:</strong> The objective of this research is to show the risks they are public safety workers exposed. Being from the shooting range soil analyzes, verifying the lead contamination indexes to present the current situation of how this environment is used by police. This paper presents the results of temporal monitoring of soil Military Police firing range located in Cascavel, Paraná, through a survey samples in two campaigns conducted in the years 2013 and 2015. That was the comparison of results, performed in same places. Thus yielding the lead content in view of the deposition of firearm projectiles in the soil of the stand. It was possible to evaluate the degree of contamination and compare with the legal requirements of Resolution 420 of CONAMA establishing acceptable levels or absence of lead in soil. The lead content ratios presented show that the public safety professionals, particularly the military police, may be exposed to contamination and thus should be taken remedial measures as the current legislation provides.</pre><p> </p><div> </div>
Measuring Dew and Its Effect on Ammonia Volatilization from Surface‐Applied Broiler Litter in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Cassity-Duffey Kate , Cabrera Miguel 
Published: January 2016

Core IdeasDew deposition is often overlooked in humid regions but may play an important role in nutrient cycling for surface‐applied fertilizers and broiler litter.Dew accumulated during the measurement period accounted for 6% of the precipitation measured with heaviest dew recorded in the spring and winter months.Under laboratory conditions, simulated dew led to increased ammonia loss for surface‐applied broiler litter.Incorporation of dew as a significant weather variable may better aid in predicting NH3loss using simulation models.Dew deposition is often overlooked in humid regions, such as the southeastern USA, but may play an important role in nutrient cycling for surface‐applied fertilizers and broiler litter. The objectives of this study were to measure dew in a pasture and to evaluate the effect of simulated dew on NH3volatilization in a laboratory study. A microlysimeter method was used to measure dew in a tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb.) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylonL.) pasture over 206 d. In the 206 d measured, 119 d received dew with an average dew fall of 0.19 mm and greater events observed in the cooler spring and fall months. Dew accumulated during the measurement period accounted for 6% of the precipitation measured. Under lab conditions, the effect of simulated, daily dew (0.2 mm) on NH3volatilization from surface‐applied broiler litter to air‐dry soil was evaluated under diurnal fluctuations of temperature (6–27°C) and relative humidity (26–91%) for 15 d. Dew application significantly increased NH3volatilization losses (31% of the applied NH4–N and 5% of the applied total nitrogen [TN]) when compared with NH3losses in the absence of dew (15% of the applied NH4–N and 2.4% of the applied TN). These results suggest that dew may affect NH3losses from surface‐applied broiler litter under dry field conditions.
The Effect of Lame Duck Auditors on Management Discretion: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Cassell Cory A. , Myers Linda A. , Seidel Timothy A. , Zhou Jian 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARY
We identify instances in which the auditor-client relationship has been terminated but the auditor continues to complete a subsequent quarterly review. We refer to these instances as “lame duck auditor” quarters, and we contrast financial reporting quality in these quarters with that in non-lame duck auditor quarters. Using discretionary accruals and financial statement misstatements as proxies for financial reporting quality, we find that financial reporting quality is higher in lame duck auditor situations, suggesting that lame duck auditors perform more stringent quarterly reviews. We attribute these results to improvements in auditor independence and/or heightened reputation concerns. We perform a number of tests to alleviate concerns that our results are attributable to fundamental differences between clients with lame duck auditors and clients with non-lame duck auditors and to alleviate concerns that our results are attributable to changes in manager behavior rather than changes in auditor behavior. Collectively, our results provide insights that are relevant to regulators, auditors, and other stakeholders who are interested in the factors that affect auditor independence and financial reporting quality.
Data Availability: The data used are publicly available from the sources cited in the text.
Developing a Government Reporting Taxonomy
Authors: Snow Neal M. , Reck Jacqueline L. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The municipal bond market is a $3.7 trillion market with approximately 75 percent of the market held by private investors (SEC 2012). Municipal bondholders and potential buyers do not have the same level of information as those investors choosing to invest in public companies. This inequity is, in part, the result of poor data accessibility. Frequently the data provided are in a format that does not allow easy comparison across governments or over time. To increase comparability and consistency in government reporting we build a government financial reporting taxonomy using the empirical approach. The completed taxonomy has 194 terms that cover financial statements filed by municipalities. Expert analysts and preparers in government reporting reviewed the completed taxonomy. This study has implications for the municipal reporting market and those entities that regulate them by providing a validated municipal government financial reporting taxonomy.