bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of biodiversity-related issues and challenges in megadiverse Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries
Authors: von Rintelen Kristina , Arida Evy , Häuser Christoph 
Published: September 2017

Indonesia is one of the ten member states of the economically and politically diverse regional organization of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Southeast Asia comprises four of the 25 global biodiversity hotspots, three of the 17 global megadiverse countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines) and the most diverse coral reefs in the world. All member states are Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). We discuss ASEAN-wide joint activities on nature conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity that do not stop at national borders.The Indonesian archipelago comprises two of the world’s biodiversity hotspots (areas with a high degree of endemic species that are highly threatened by loss of habitats): Its insular character and complex geological history led to the evolution of a megadiverse fauna and flora on the global scale. The importance of biodiversity, e.g., in traditional medicine and agriculture, is deep-rooted in Indonesian society. Modern biodiversity pathways include new fields of application in technology, pharmacy and economy along with environmental policies. This development occurred not only in Indonesia but also in other biodiversity-rich tropical countries.This review summarizes and discusses the unique biodiversity of Indonesia from different angles (science, society, environmental policy, and bioeconomy) and brings it into context within the ASEAN region. The preconditions of each member state for biodiversity-related activities are rather diverse. Much was done to improve the conditions for biodiversity research and use in several countries, primarily in those with a promising economic development. However, ASEAN as a whole still has further potential for more joint initiatives. Especially Indonesia has the highest biodiversity potential within the ASEAN and beyond, but likewise the highest risk of biodiversity loss.We conclude that Indonesia has not taken full advantage of this potential yet. A growing national interest in local biodiversity as a natural resource is a welcome development on one hand, but the risk of too many restrictions for, e.g., the science community (high level of bureaucracy at all project stages from planning phase, visa procedures, field work permits, scientific exchange and project managment issues, governmental budget cuts for basic research and restricted access to international literature for Indonesian researchers) does significantly hamper the internationalization of biodiversity-related science. In the long run, Indonesia has to find a balance between protectionism and sensible access to its national biodiversity to tackle global challenges in biodiversity conservation, health issues, food security, and climate change.
Metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to urinary bladder: A rare case report with review of literature
Authors: Arpita Saha , Manoj Jain , Kaushik Saha , Anish Srivastava 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMetachronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to bladder is rare incidence. We report a case of RCC with metachronous metastasis to the urinary bladder occurring 2 years postradical nephrectomy. In a follow‑up for the past 1 year, the patient is doing well. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the second case of bladder metastasis from RCC in the Indian literature. We reviewed literature and discuss the histopathological features of bladder metastasis of RCC.
Evaluation of Nordmann, Dortet, and Poirel test for the identification of extended spectrum betalactamase production among urinary isolates of Escherichia coli
Authors: Deepa R. , Ravichandran Mythry , Banu S. Thasneem , Sharmila R. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
CONTEXT: Current phenotypic techniques for extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) detection can be interpreted after 24 h of incubation only, resulting in a delay in initiating therapy. Nordmann, Dortet, and Poirel (NDP) in 2012 proposed a novel test named ESBL NDP to overcome this limitation.
AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the ESBL NDP test for the identification of ESBL among Escherichia coli isolates against the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute-recommended phenotypic confirmatory method.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 3 months on a sample size of 100.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred nonduplicate clinically significant E. coli urinary isolates positive by initial screening test for ESBL were subjected to the ESBL NDP test and phenotypic confirmatory test. The NDP test was evaluated by determining the sensitivity, specificity, kappa value, and confidence interval (CI) for kappa.
RESULTS: The phenotypic confirmatory test and the ESBL NDP test were positive in 82% and 63% of the isolates, respectively. ESBL NDP test had a sensitivity and specificity of 76% and 100%, positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 48%, respectively, kappa value of 0.54 (moderate agreement), and 95% CI for kappa of 0.43–0.66. The time to positivity was 1 h in 93.6% of the isolates.
CONCLUSION: The NDP test showed a good specificity, with time to positivity of 1 h. The low sensitivity could be due to the difference in the phenotypic type of ESBL producer and technical reasons.
Use of culture- and ELISA-based toxin assay for detecting Clostridium difficile, a neglected pathogen: A single-center study from a tertiary care setting
Authors: Lall Sujata , Nataraj Gita , Mehta Preeti 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive spore-bearing anaerobic bacillus increasingly associated with both community- and hospital-acquired colitis and diarrhea. It is the most common identifiable bacterial cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea associated with antibiotic use and one of the most common anaerobic infections. The diagnosis of C. difficile infection includes detection of toxin A/B in stool specimens by direct enzyme immunoassay, culture of pathogen from the stool specimens using a selective agar Cycloserine-Cefoxitin fructose agar (CCFA), tissue culture assay, and detection of glutamate dehydrogenase an enzyme produced by C. difficile. With few reports from India on this disease, the present study was planned to throw more light on the prevalence and utility of laboratory diagnostic methods for C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: After taking approval from the Ethics Committee, 150 patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea were taken as a study group and fifty patients with exposure to antibiotics but who did not develop diarrhea were taken as controls. Stool specimen was processed for both culture on CCFA and toxin detection by IVD Tox A + B ELISA.
RESULTS: Only four specimens were culture positive, whereas 13 were ELISA positive. All culturepositive isolates were toxigenic. C. difficile was neither isolated nor its toxin detected in the control group. Culture- and toxin-based assays may not detect all cases of CDAD.
CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the present study, culture does not provide any additional yield over toxin assay. Better diagnostic modalities would be required to prove CDAD.
Hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis with diabetic ketoacidosis: A rare presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kumar Prabhat , Sakwariya Abhishek , Sultania Amit Ranjan , Dabas Renu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a frequently encountered complication of diabetes mellitus. DKA is an insulin deficit state and results in moderate to severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). HTG is the third leading cause of acute pancreatitis (AP) and often goes unnoticed. The triad of DKA, HTG, and AP is rarely seen, and literature on the same is sparse. We report a case of AP which was due to DKA-induced secondary HTG in an adult with previously undiagnosed type 1 diabetes. His HbA1c was significantly raised, and C-peptide level was low, confirming chronic hyperglycemia. He was treated successfully with insulin infusion, intravenous crystalloid, and analgesics.
<em>Cordia macleodii</em> Hook f. Thomson-A potential Medicinal Plant
Authors: Chandrakar Jagriti , Dixit A K 
Published: September 2017

<p><em>Cordia macleodii</em> Hook. f. &amp; Thoms. belongs to family Boraginaceae, is an endangered medicinal plant, commonly known as “Dahiman” or “Dahipalas”. It is distributed in moist and dry deciduous forests of India such as Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Chotanagpur and is widely used to cure various diseases. These bioactive compounds made this plant as a valuable potent herbal drug. It contains various bioactive compounds including Phenols, Terpenoids, Saponins, Volatile oils, Flavonoids, Glycosides etc. This review presents the pharmacological property, phytochemical constituents, traditional uses and biological activities of the plant and it will be helpful to explore the knowledge about <em>Cordia macleodii</em>.</p>
Accumulation of soil organic C and N in planted forests fostered by tree species mixture
Authors: Liu Yan , Lei Pifeng , Xiang Wenhua , Yan Wende , Chen Xiaoyong 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. With the increasing trend of converting monocultures into mixed forests, more and more studies have been carried out to investigate the admixing effects on tree growth and aboveground carbon storage. However, few studies have considered the impact of mixed forests on belowground carbon sequestration, particularly changes in soil carbon and nitrogen stocks as a forest grows. In this study, paired pure Pinus massoniana plantations, Cinnamomum camphora plantations and mixed Pinus massoniana–Cinnamomum camphora plantations at ages of 10, 24 and 45 years were selected to test whether the mixed plantations sequestrate more organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) in soils and whether this admixing effect becomes more pronounced with stand ages. The results showed that tree species identification, composition and stand age significantly affected soil OC and N stocks. The soil OC and N stocks were the highest in mixed Pinus–Cinnamomum stands compared to those in counterpart monocultures with the same age in the whole soil profile or specific soil depth layers (0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm) for most cases, followed by Cinnamomum stands and Pinus stands with the lowest. These positive admixing effects were mostly nonadditive. Along the chronosequence, the soil OC stock peaked in the 24-year-old stand and was maintained as relatively stable thereafter. The admixing effects were also the highest at this stage. However, in the topsoil layer, the admixing effects increased with stand ages in terms of soil OC stocks. When comparing mixed Pinus–Cinnamomum plantations with corresponding monocultures within the same age, the soil N stock in mixed stands was 8.30, 11.17 and 31.45 % higher than the predicted mean value estimated from counterpart pure species plantations in 10-, 24- and 45-year-old stands, respectively. This suggests that these admixing effects were more pronounced along the chronosequence.
“ENCONTRANDO CAMINHOS” NA CARTOGRAFIA SETECENTISTA
Authors: Sodré Maluly Vinicius 
Published: September 2017

O estudo da circulação territorial, para a pesquisa brasileira dedicada ao século XVIII, pode nortear o entendimento e a visualização da formação territorial que foi paulatinamente produzida a partir das extrações auríferas. Elas possibilitaram um fluxo demográfico e econômico que consolidou a presença brasileira além da fronteira impetrada pelo Tratado de Tordesilhas (1494), formando continuadas feições de urbanização que desencadearam uma rede urbana incipiente, alterando as características do processo colonizador português. Dessa miríade de facetas do século do ouro, as estradas e caminhos surgem como emblemas da espacialização ocorrida à época. Será problematizada a atividade das estradas e caminhos em detrimento de uma passividade técnica, superando uma função de mera interconexão entre arraiais e vilas, com ênfase na socioespacialidade dos fenômenos. Portanto, a relevância apresentada por uma abordagem de método geohistórico será destacada (por meio da leitura de mapas históricos e tratamento das fontes primárias a partir de ferramentas de geoprocessamento), oferecendo uma releitura aos métodos tradicionais da historiografia colonial brasileira. Palavras-chave: Geografia Histórica, SIG, cartografia colonial, século XVIII.
Patologie w obszarze funkcjonowania ludzi w organizacji (analiza porównawcza wybranych aspektów)
Authors: Winnicka-Wejs Alicja 
Published: September 2017

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane patologie w obszarze funkcjonowania ludzi w organizacji, mające postać systematycznych i długotrwałych działań: pracoholizm, wypalenie zawodowe i mobbing. Określono ich indywidualne, organizacyjne i zewnętrzne uwarunkowania, uwzględniając różnice w ich genezie. Scharakteryzowano pracoholizm, wypalenie zawodowe, mobbing w kontekście deprecjacji kapitału ludzkiego, podając przykłady negatywnego wpływu na poszczególne jego składowe: wiedzę, zdolności i umiejętności, zdrowie, motywację, postawę, wartości. Ponadto dokonano egzemplifikacji działań prewencyjnych w ramach funkcji gospodarowania kapitałem ludzkim.
Niedopasowanie - dysfunkcja czy szansa na rozwój organizacji?
Authors: Gadomska-Lila Katarzyna , Rudawska Aleksandra 
Published: September 2017

W warunkach dynamicznych zmian otoczenia organizacje poszukują różnych sposobów na zdobycie przewagi konkurencyjnej – od optymalnego dopasowania do zmian w otoczeniu po celowe kreowanie niedopasowania. Każda z tych opcji niesie określone konsekwencje, widoczne zarówno w postawach i zachowaniach pracowników oraz ich indywidualnych wynikach, jak też w wynikach finansowych i rynkowych zatrudniających ich organizacji. W opracowaniu dokonano analizy przyczyn i konsekwencji niedopasowania organizacyjnego. Podstawę prezentowanych rozważań stanowią studia literatury przedmiotu oraz wyniki badań empirycznych.
La perspective de l’habitation politique dans Je suis une maudite sauvagesse/Eukuan nin matshimanitu innu-iskueu d’An Antane Kapesh
Authors: Mailhot Amélie-Anne 
Published: September 2017

« Dans mon livre, il n’y a pas de parole de Blanc » : la première phrase deJe suis une maudite sauvagesse/Eukuan nin matshimanitu innu-iskueu, d’An Antane Kapesh, fait entrer immédiatement dans le projet politique de l’ouvrage, et de l’auteure. Cette Innue a décidé d’écrire, au début des années 70, le récit de son expérience des relations avec le « Blanc » sur son territoire, leNitassinan. L’auteure propose ici de circonscrire une des contributions majeures d’Antane Kapesh à la littérature (post)coloniale des Amériques, soit sa conceptualisation du « Blanc » comme catégorie politique d’habitation. L’habitation politique est entendue comme un complexe de pratiques épistémologiques, géographiques, éthiques et politiques : elle implique des liens avec le territoire, des rapports à la connaissance, des manières d’être en relation avec les autres êtres, humains et non humains, et les articulations entre ces éléments.
Topography of the Overriding Plate During Progressive Subduction: A Dynamic Model to Explain Forearc Subsidence
Authors: Chen Zhihao , Schellart Wouter P. , Duarte João C. , Strak Vincent 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOverriding plate topography provides constraints on subduction zone geodynamics. We investigate its evolution using fully dynamic laboratory models of subduction with techniques of stereoscopic photogrammetry and particle image velocimetry. Model results show that the topography is characterized by an area of forearc dynamic subsidence, with a magnitude scaling to 1.44–3.97 km in nature, and a local topographic high between the forearc subsided region and the trench. These topographic features rapidly develop during the slab free‐sinking phase and gradually decrease during the steady state slab rollback phase. We propose that they result from the variation of the vertical component of the trench suction force along the subduction zone interface, which gradually increases with depth and results from the gradual slab steepening during the initial transient slab sinking phase. The downward mantle flow in the nose of the mantle wedge plays a minor role in driving forearc subsidence.
Accuracy
Authors: Danielian Lucig H. 
Published: September 2017

Journalists operate under an ethic that includes a respect for truth as demonstrated by the accuracy of the information delivered to the public (Sartori 1987). On the basis of that accuracy, it is assumed, public opinion is formed in a democracy. Accuracy is closely related to the journalistic norms of fairness and objectivity and to the credibility of producers of news (→ Fairness Doctrine; Objectivity in Reporting; Journalists, Credibility of). The “mirror” metaphor for the journalistic norm of the accurate reflection of facts may be popular among journalists, but every mirror reflects some distortion (Romano 1986; Ettema and Glasser 1998). In news production, deadlines and time constraints can distort accuracy (→ Reality and Media Reality).
Action‐Implicative Discourse Analysis
Authors: Agne Robert R. 
Published: September 2017

Action‐implicative discourse analysis (AIDA) is an approach to analyzing talk or text in a social context. It is a relatively new method of → Discourse Analysis, developed by Karen Tracy in 1995. AIDA views communication as composed of different practices in which communicators are problem‐solvers. People reflect on what they did do (or would do) in interaction and respond to interactional problems and challenges they experience (or anticipate experiencing) with the aim of working toward what they think would create the best situation. AIDA is conducted in close relationship to grounded practical theory (Craig & Tracy 1995), a view of inquiry that contrasts with scientific perspectives that seek to describe, predict, and control “what is” in the world. AIDA, as well as practical theory more generally, is concerned with providing opportunities to discuss what “ought to be.”
Activist Media
Authors: Huesca Robert 
Published: September 2017

Activist media are radio, television, and other media practices that aim to effect social change and that generally engage in some sort of structural analysis concerned with power and the reconstitution of society into more egalitarian arrangements. Many activist media practices are also committed to principles of communication democracy, which place at their core notions of popular access, participation, and self‐management in the communication process. These dual characteristics – structural analysis and democratic communication practice – often create a tension that some activist media projects are unable to negotiate successfully (→ Development Communication; Media Democracy Movement).
Advertising, History of
Authors: McFall Liz 
Published: September 2017

Advertising is a tenacious form. Originating in the commercial impulse to promote sales, versions of what might loosely be termed → “advertising” can no doubt be traced to wherever and whenever surplus product has needed to be disposed of. The proverb “good wine needs no bush,” for instance, is at least 2,000 years old. It refers to the vintner's practice, common until well into the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, of hanging shrubs or ivy around the door to indicate wine or beer available for sale within. The sense of the practice contained within the proverb is quite familiar – good products need no extra promotion.
Advertising Law and Regulation
Authors: An Soontae 
Published: September 2017

The role of → advertising as a pervasive communication continues to expand around the world. In response, many societies face greater challenges in regulating advertising in a manner that shields the public from deceptive and unfair conduct. Many legal sources regulate advertising practices, and the legislative rationale for curbing this unique type of speech has been vigorously debated. Given that all the laws must be consistent with the principles of freedom of speech (→ Freedom of Communication; Freedom of the Press, Concept of), how to define commercial speech and the amount of constitutional protection it should be afforded are key issues among scholars and legal professionals.
Amateur Photography and Movies
Authors: Chalfen Richard 
Published: September 2017

While the invention of the camera and advancement of → Photography are best known in the contexts of the history of technology or the emergence of a new art form, cameras have been used for more than commercial concerns, scientific interests, or artistic work. From the earliest use of the camera and the emergence of consumer models of camera technology, nonprofessional photography has had an important parallel history. Ordinary people have taken their cameras home to produce the most frequent of all photographic imagery on a worldwide basis, namely the personal, nonprofessional production and use of personal pictures including snapshots, family albums, home movies, home video, and, more recently, family websites and even personal camera phone images. Amateurs have played a significant role in advancing the visual documentation of the everyday, of the private features of family life. Results have been highly valued in personal ways but far less so in commercial or scholarly contexts.
American Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Mendel Toby 
Published: September 2017

The American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) is the leading Organization of American States (OAS) human rights treaty. Adopted in 1969, it came into force in 1978. It guarantees, among other things, the right to freedom of expression (→ Freedom of Communication; Communication and Law). The ACHR was preceded by the OAS Charter, the founding document of the OAS, which includes only limited guarantees of human rights, and the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, both adopted in 1948. The latter provides a simple guarantee for the right to freedom of “expression and dissemination of ideas, by any medium” (Article IV).
Artifacts
Authors: Asa Berger Arthur 
Published: September 2017

Artifacts are generally understood to be simple objects that show human workmanship. They are important to scholars for the role they play in reflecting a society's level of technological development and aesthetic taste, among other things. Archaeologists analyze artifacts and other aspects of everyday life from ancient civilizations and try to reconstruct these civilizations from the artifacts they have left behind. Sociologists and other social scientists, as well as culture critics, are also interested in artifacts – in the broadest sense of the term – using them and other aspects of material culture to gain important insights into values, beliefs, and ideological aspects of the society or culture being studied (→ Culture: Definitions and Concepts). The study of artifacts can be approached from a number of disciplines. In recent years, scholars have expanded the definition of artifacts to include foods, fashion objects, and relatively simple machines.
Audience Commodity
Authors: Meehan Eileen R. 
Published: September 2017

The audience commodity is the main product produced by media that earn their primary revenues from advertisers. Traditionally, advertiser‐supported media have included → Newspapers, → magazines, and commercial forms of → Radio, broadcast → Television, and → cable television. Advertiser‐supported media are often contrasted with media whose primary sources of incomes are audiences: → books, recorded music, and films. Depending on which source is the principal source of revenue, a media company will tailor its content to satisfy the demands of either advertisers or audiences (→ Commercialization of the Media; Commodification of the Media; Cost and Revenue Structures in the Media).