bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Well Construction Practices Safe for the Environment?
Authors: King George E. 
Published: March 2016

Beyond the Headlines
Editor’s note: Professionals in the oil and gas industry often receive questions about how industry operations affect public health, the environment, and the communities in which they operate. Of particular concern today is the impact of hydraulic fracturing on the environment. In this new column, JPT is inviting energy experts to put those questions and concerns about industry operations into perspective. Additional information about the oil and gas industry, how it affects society, and how to explain industry operations and practices to the general public is available on SPE’s Energy4me website at www. energy4me.org.
There are headlines every day that discuss the ethics and safety behind oil and gas operations, particularly hydraulic fracturing. According to the media, hydraulic fracturing can cause earthquakes, contaminated water, and even deformity in animals (if you believe the movie Promise Land). The truth behind the headlines is that hydraulic fracturing is a safe way to get natural gas out of the ground. What makes it a safe practice is solid well construction.
The evolution of oil and gas well construction has passed through many frontiers with each new foray into the next “unconventional” hydrocarbon resource generating the needed technology to keep pace with the immediate needs. In light of more than 4 million wells drilled in North America over the past 194 years, it is somewhat surprising that the industry has been successful so many times, and what we have done with lessons learned from the relatively few failures.
Wells are designed from the bottom to the top and from the inside outward, but they are drilled and constructed in exactly the opposite manner—often by practitioners with metrics different from the initial design principles. The fundamental objective that must shape every action along the way is that the final product of well construction must be a highly durable pressure vessel, albeit one that is composed of hundreds of threaded connections with a variety of seals and with a long coat of cement. Few other engineering disciplines operate in this highly cloaked area, in which the final engineering product, the downhole section of the well, cannot be conventionally seen, heard or touched, and produces a product that no one really wants to smell or taste.
The birth of the US gas industry was ushered in by William Hart’s shale gas well in Fredonia, New York, in 1821. He encountered flowing gas at 28 ft and, consistent with the technology of the time, cased it with wood and flowed shale gas through wood and early steel pipes to light the streets and buildings previously illuminated with lamps filled with whale oil.
X-ray Imaging Method Improves Well Intervention Diagnostics
Authors: Safinya Kambiz 
Published: March 2016

Technology Update
Poor well performance and downhole failures have a significant effect on operator profitability. To combat this, operators spent nearly USD 10 billion in 2013 on time-consuming and costly well interventions to retrieve and repair completions hardware.
A major factor contributing to the high cost of interventions is the lack of reliable information about the current condition of the downhole equipment. The ability to accurately visualize equipment in a well allows an operator to execute the remedial work plan more efficiently, thus saving time and money.
Several methods are available for visualizing hardware downhole. The oldest technique uses a block of lead lowered into the well to take an impression of the object. While fast and inexpensive, the impression is often difficult to interpret.
A more recent technology involves using ultrasonic imaging to produce an image of an object inside a fluid-filled well. However, this technique requires a knowledge of the exact specifications of the well fluid at the investigation depth to determine the speed of sound in the fluid. Furthermore, if the well fluid contains too many gas bubbles or suspended particles, then an excessive absorption and scattering of the ultrasonic beam will result in poor image quality.
As a third option, optical cameras provide images in well fluids that are transparent to visible light or in gas-filled wells, but even small traces of oil or particulates will distort the images. As a result, operator costs increase not only for cleaning the well, but also for changing out the original well fluid with an optically transparent fluid before running the camera.
The shortcomings of these methods led to a joint industry project to investigate the use of downhole X-ray imaging. However, common applications of X-ray imaging in the medical and security fields require access to both sides of the object, which is generally not possible in an oil well. Instead, a new technique has been developed using X-ray backscatter imaging.
In backscatter imaging, both the X-ray source and detector are positioned on the same side of the object of interest. Emitted from the source toward the object, the X-ray photons pass through the opaque fluid, scatter within the fluid and from the object, and pass back through the opaque fluid to enter the detector. A conventional backscatter image is obtained by recording the photons scattered by the object.
However, the object of interest inside an oil well is usually metal, often steel or another highly dense material, and these materials readily absorb photons. Therefore, the signal received in the detector is mainly composed of photons that have been scattered by the fluid, which rules out conventional X-ray backscatter imaging.
Asia Pacific Deepwater Capabilities Expand To Meet Growing Energy Demand
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: March 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper OTC 25002, “Deepwater Growth in Asia Pacific and Growing Regional Installation and Pipelay Vessel Capability To Meet the Challenges,” by Biren Kumar Dash, SapuraKencana Petroleum, prepared for the 2014 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, Kuala Lumpur, 25–28 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The Asia Pacific region is expected to be the fastest-growing region in deepwater development in the next 5 years. Malaysia, Indonesia, China, India, and Australia together are expected to drive 85% of deepwater spending in the region. This paper presents various deepwater developments in the region, with a focus on deepwater pipelay involving steep S-lay/J-lay requirements and the availability of regional offshore deepwater installations and pipelay vessels to meet the challenges posed by future deepwater development.
Deepwater Growth in Asia Pacific
The Asia Pacific region is traditionally a shallow-water-development region, with most of the fields operating in water depth of less than 100 m. Currently, only a few fields operate in water more than 500 m deep, and most of these came on stream in the last 5 years. With the energy demand growing in the region, international oil companies and national oil companies are partnering to exploit more-remote deepwater fields.
Key Asia Pacific Deepwater Developments
Malaysia. Currently, 19 deepwater blocks are active with a water depth from 520 to 1735 m, where the average depth of deepwater development is 1224. m. Murphy Kikeh is the first deepwater development, in water depth of 1340 m, and has been producing oil since 2007. Deepwater capital expenditure offshore Malaysia over the next 5 years is expected to place Malaysia eighth globally over the period, with USD 6.5 billion directed toward 19 separate deepwater-field developments. The two key developments for the period are the Shell-operated Gumusut-Kakap and the Murphy- operated Rotan, with a new-built floating liquefied-natural-gas (LNG) facility expected to enter production by 2017. Eleven deepwater fields are expected to enter production over the next 5 years.
Indonesia. Currently, Chevron’s West Seno is the only deepwater development in Indonesia, producing in water depth of 975 m and using tension-leg-platform and floating-production-unit concepts since 2003. Nineteen deepwater developments are expected in the next 5 years in Indonesia, with the most-capital-intensive one being Chevron’s ultradeepwater Gendalo Gehem development.
Prótese parcial removível temporária em Odontopediatria: relato de caso
Authors: Brelaz Keicy Louene de Almeida Teixeira , Venâncio Gisely Naura , Almeida Mailza Costa de , Augusto Carolina Rocha 
Published: March 2016

A perda precoce dos elementos dentais anteriores em crianças influencia o comportamento psicossocial infantil. As próteses temporárias devolvem a aparência estética até que uma prótese definitiva possa ser confeccionada, além de ser importante para a manutenção do espaço. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um caso de reabilitação bucal com a confecção de prótese parcial removível temporária na arcada superior de um paciente de 12 anos de idade, gênero masculino, atendido na Clínica de Graduação de Odontopediatria de instituição privada, insatisfeito com seu sorriso devido à fratura coronária dos incisivos centrais superiores e posterior perda precoce de dentes permanentes. Os resultados demonstraram que o tratamento reabilitador foi resolutivo para repor os elementos perdidos, atuando na preservação do espaço, sem interferir no crescimento ósseo, sendo necessário até a estabilização da dimensão vertical de oclusão, impedindo o fechamento das regiões edêntulas, restabelecendo as principais funções orais e devolvendo a estética e a autoestima.<p><strong>Descritores:</strong><strong> </strong>Prótese Dentária; Prótese Parcial Temporária; Mantenedor de Espaço; Estética.</p>
Use of a frameless computed tomography–guided stereotactic biopsy system for nasal biopsy in five dogs
Authors: Kuhlman Gregory M. , Taylor Amanda R. , Thieman-Mankin Kelley M. , Griffin Jay , Cook Audrey K. , Levine Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION 5 dogs (median age, 9 years; median body weight, 31 kg [68.2 lb]) with undefined nasal masses were examined after undergoing CT of the head and nasal biopsy via a rostral rhinoscopic or unaided (blind) approach because histologic results for collected biopsy specimens (inflammatory, necrotic, or hemorrhagic disease) suggested the specimens were nonrepresentative of the underlying disease process identified via CT (aggressive or malignant disease).
CLINICAL FINDINGS Clinical signs at the time dogs were evaluated included open-mouth breathing, sneezing, or unilateral epistaxis. Histologic findings pertaining to the original biopsy specimens were suggestive of benign processes such as inflammation. In an attempt to obtain better representative specimens, a frameless CT-guided stereotactic biopsy system (CTSBS) was used to collect additional biopsy specimens from masses within the nasal and sinus passages of the dogs. The second set of biopsy specimens was histologically evaluated.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Histologic evaluation of biopsy specimens collected via the CTSBS revealed results suggestive of malignant neoplasia (specifically, chondrosarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, or undifferentiated sarcoma) for 3 dogs, mild mixed-cell inflammation for 1 dog, and hamartoma for 1 dog. No complications were reported. These findings resulted in a change in treatment recommendations for 3 dogs and confirmed that no additional treatment was required for 1 dog (with hamartoma). For the remaining dog, in which CT findings and clinical history were strongly suggestive of neoplasia, the final diagnosis was rhinitis.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Biopsy specimens were safely collected from masses within the nasal and sinus passages of dogs by use of a frameless CTSBS, allowing a definitive diagnosis that was unachievable with other biopsy approaches.
Effect of the die approach zone shape on the transition of retained austenite and the mechanical properties of TRIP steel wires
Authors: Wiewiorowska Sylwia , Muskalski Zbigniew 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOne of the main factors influencing the transition of retained austenite into martensite in TRIP structure steels during drawing process is the strain intensity. In drawing processes, it occurs high strain inhomogeneity caused by the conical shape of the die approach section, as well as by the friction occurring between the tool and the material. The occurring redundant strain causes high inhomogeneity in the distribution of mechanical properties on the cross-section of wire being drawn. One of the directions aiming at enhancing the homogeneity of the drawn wire properties is to change the shape of the die working section. The paper presents the results of the investigation of the effect of the quantity of retained austenite in TRIP-type steel wires with a carbon content of 0.29 wt.-% C drawn using conical (conventional), concave and convex dies on the mechanical properties of drawn wires.
Advanced hybrid welding and manufacturing technologies
Authors: Kulekci Mustafa Kemal , Esme Ugur , Kahraman Funda , Ocalir Seref 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this study, a detailed analysis of hybrid weld manufacturing technologies that can significantly contribute to the joining of materials has been carried out. Past, present and future projection, advantages, dis advantages, technological barriers and drawbacks of the processes are given. Detailed explanations of the recent developments of hybrid weld manufacturing technologies and main components are given. Potential industrial applications are assessed and evaluated using economic and technological results. The developments in hybrid welding manufacturing technologies generally improved metallurgical and mechanical properties of weld joints. Hybrid processes usually combine the benefits of each individual process. Due to low heat input, hybrid welds create fine grain structures, minimize base material dilution and achieve high toughness and mechanical properties. These processes are especially appropriate for high performance alloys and dissimilar metal joining. The results of this study conclude that reasonable costs and improved properties of the processed materials will lead to massive use of hybrid welding manufacturing technologies.
Applying Intersubjectivity for Professional Development
Authors: Janecek Uvaldina Montoya , Moss Glenda , Graham Yolanda , Mason Paula 
Published: March 2016

This is an intersubjective review of Loewen, G. V. (2012). Hermeneutic Pedagogy: Teaching and learning as dialogue and interpretation. Alcoa, TN, USA. Old Moon Academic Press. The four authors of the review used a reflective-reflexive, dialogic process to interpret and analyze Loewen’s text. Their review is presented in a dialogue format that resulted after analyzing a much longer set of narrative data.[1][1] Editorial Note: This is a very unusual review! There are four points of interest that make this review an interesting read. The first one concerns the subject of the review: the book on hermeneutics. The second point is the form of the review: it is dialogue between the authors presented in its development. The third point of interest is the personal nature of the contents: the authors masterly show how their work on the review of the book penetrates their lives thus showing the real life with its changes, happiness, sadness, struggles and tribulations. The last point of interest that makes this review worth to be read is the pioneering character of the work behind this review. Glenda Moss used this review as a tool for professional development for the colleagues in her department. In my humble opinion, this review is the result of the very courageous, pioneering and inspirational work! (Mikhail Gradovski)
Validation of the ANSR®E. coli O157:H7 Method for Detection of E. coli O157:H7
Authors: Viator Ryan , Alles Susan , Le Quynh-Nhi , Hosking Edan , Meister Evan , Pinkava Lisa , Tovar Eric , Mozola Mark , Rice Jennifer 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A performance validation of the ANSR® for E. coli O157:H7 method was conducted in selected food matrixes. This assay uses selective nicking enzyme amplification technology to amplify target genes. Samples are enriched for 12–24 h and then lysed. The assay is completed within 40 min using real-time detection in a combination incubator/fluorescence detector and software. When 44 distinct strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and 6 strains of E. coli O157:NM were tested for inclusivity, all 50 strains produced positive results. In exclusivity testing, 57 strains representing 33 species of closely related Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, including 11 non-H7 O157 strains and shiga toxin-producing E. coli other than O157:H7, were evaluated. All 57 nontarget strains generated negative ANSR assay results. Using 80% lean ground beef and beef trim (approximately 20% fat), ANSR method performance was compared to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook reference culture procedure. ANSR performance with baby spinach and sprout irrigation water was measured against the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual reference method. ANSR method performance was not statistically different to that of the reference methods using two different enrichment options. For ground beef and beef trim, the standard enrichment in modified Tryptone Soya Broth can be analyzed using the ANSR assay with a 1:10 dilution of the enrichment in phosphate-buffered saline and produces equivalent results to the reference method. Additionally, in most matrixes tested (exception is spinach which required 24 h enrichment) the assay offers great efficiency and flexibility over the reference method with a 12–24 h single-step enrichment. Equivalent results were observed at both time points (12 and 24 h) to reference methods. Small changes to the assay parameters minimally affected ANSR method performance. Finally, accelerated stability results from three independently manufactured lots support a shelf-life of 6 months when stored at 4°C.
Compreensões sobre o momento contemporâneo da saída da religião e sobre a condição atual da laicidade
Authors: Lott Henrique Marques 
Published: March 2016

<p><strong> </strong>Esta comunicação é fruto de três entrevistas realizadas em Paris, entre os meses de outubro e novembro de 2015. Os entrevistados foram: o filósofo Marcel Gauchet, diretor de estudos junto à <em>École des Hautes Études</em> EHESS; o cientista político e historiador das laicidades, Philippe Portier, diretor de estudos junto à <em>École Pratique des Hautes Ètudes</em> EPHE Paris-Sorbonne; e o historiador Didier Da Silva, professor de história das ideias no <em>Institut Catholique de Paris</em>. O objetivo buscado no âmbito destas entrevistas está relacionado com a compreensão de uma perspectiva atual da saída da religião no pensamento de Gauchet, tema de minha pesquisa pós-doutoral junto à PUC Minas de Belo Horizonte e junto ao Programa Nacional de Pós-doutorado PNPD da Capes. As reflexões que conduziram as análises propostas neste texto estão pautadas pelo esforço compreensivo de algumas das características do fenômeno religioso no contexto contemporâneo. O que se indagou e se definiu este esforço compreensivo, são as reconfigurações que marcam o cenário atual das relações entre política e religião e que, por sua vez, delimitam as permeabilidades e os limites do espectro geral dessas mesmas relações. Além disso, de modo mais particular, apresenta-se aqui algumas reflexões sobre a condição de laicidade e de saída da religião no contexto brasileiro.</p><p> </p>
‘Felix progenies Constantini Aug’: alcune osservazioni intorno a RIC VII, Treviri, 442
Authors: Filippini Erica 
Published: March 2016

This paper aims to provide a different identification of the figures represented on thereverse of a gold multiple from the mint of Trier, struck in the name of Crispus in AD 324, usually interpreted as showing the empress Fausta flanked by the two elder sons of emperor Constantine, Crispus (son of Minervina, a concubine or the first wife of Constantine I) and Constantine II (born from Fausta, the emperor’s second wife). However, in order to assert and consolidate the dynastic succession of the line of descent from Fausta, the reverse type of this two-solidi piece seems to be referable, in a more convincing way, to the representation of the empress between her two sons Constantine II and Constantius II, the latter raised to the rank of Caesar at the end of November 324, when also the title ofwas probably conferred on Fausta.
Weil and Dorsal Closing Wedge Osteotomy for Freiberg's Disease
Authors: Lee Hwa-Sung , Kim Yoon-Chung , Choi Jae-Hoon , Chung Jin-Wha 
Published: March 2016

Background: Weil osteotomy is a type of distal osteotomy for the treatment of lesser metatarsalgia by shortening the metatarsal length. We applied Weil and dorsal closing wedge osteotomy for the treatment of Freiberg's disease.Methods: Between September 1, 2006, and December 31, 2011, we performed Weil and dorsal closing wedge osteotomy of the second metatarsal in 15 feet of 15 patients (12 women, three men) diagnosed as having Freiberg's disease. The mean patient age was 29 years (range, 19–51 years), and mean follow-up was 47 months (range, 36–72 months). Postoperative shortening of the metatarsal length was measured by comparing preoperative and postoperative radiographs. Visual analog scale scores, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society lesser metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal scores, and the passive range of motion of the metatarsophalangeal joint were evaluated at 24 months.Results: The mean postoperative shortening of the metatarsal length was 3.2 mm. The mean visual analog scale and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scores were 7.2 and 52.4 points preoperatively and 2.1 and 78.2 points at 24 months, respectively (P &lt; .05). The mean range of motion of the metatarsophalangeal joint increased from 29.4° preoperatively to 46.5° postoperatively (P &lt; .05). Various degrees of remodeling were observed at the dorsum of the metatarsal head at 24 months.Conclusions: Weil and dorsal closing wedge osteotomy of the metatarsal seems to be effective for treating Freiberg's disease. It improves pain and function in terms of shortening the metatarsal length and restoring the metatarsophalangeal joint.
Integrative microRNA-gene expression network analysis in genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rat kidney
Authors: Lu Yuchao , Qin Baolong , Hu Henglong , Zhang Jiaqiao , Wang Yufeng , Wang Qing , Wang Shaogang 
Published: March 2016

Background.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) influence a variety of biological functions by regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. Aberrant miRNA expression has been associated with many human diseases. Urolithiasis is a common disease, and idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is an important risk factor for calcium urolithiasis. However, miRNA expression patterns and their biological functions in urolithiasis remain unknown.Methods and Results.A multi-step approach combining microarray miRNA and mRNA expression profile and bioinformatics analysis was adopted to analyze dysregulated miRNAs and genes in genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rat kidneys, using normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats as controls. We identified 2418 mRNAs and 19 miRNAs as significantly differentially expressed, over 700 gene ontology (GO) terms and 83 KEGG pathways that were significantly enriched in GHS rats. In addition, we constructed an miRNA-gene network that suggested that rno-miR-674-5p, rno-miR-672-5p, rno-miR-138-5p and rno-miR-21-3p may play important roles in the regulatory network. Furthermore, signal-net analysis suggested that NF-kappa B likely plays a crucial role in hypercalciuria urolithiasis.Conclusions.This study presents a global view of mRNA and miRNA expression in GHS rat kidneys, and suggests that miRNAs may be important in the regulation of hypercalciuria. The data provide valuable insights for future research, which should aim at validating the role of the genes featured here in the pathophysiology of hypercalciuria.