bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 5′UTR in human adenoviruses: leader diversity in late gene expression
Authors: Ramke Mirja , Lee Jeong Yoon , Dyer David W. , Seto Donald , Rajaiya Jaya , Chodosh James 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHuman adenoviruses (HAdVs) shut down host cellular cap-dependent mRNA translation while initiating the translation of viral late mRNAs in a cap-independent manner. HAdV 5′ untranslated regions (5′UTRs) are crucial for cap-independent initiation, and influence mRNA localization and stability. However, HAdV translational regulation remains relatively uncharacterized. The HAdV tripartite leader (TPL), composed of three introns (TPL 1–3), is critical to the translation of HAdV late mRNA. Herein, we annotated and analyzed 72 HAdV genotypes for the HAdV TPL and another previously described leader, the i-leader. Using HAdV species D, type 37 (HAdV-D37), we show by reverse transcription PCR and Sanger sequencing that mRNAs of the HAdV-D37 E3 transcription unit are spliced to the TPL. We also identified a polycistronic mRNA for RID-α and RID-β. Analysis of the i-leader revealed a potential open reading frame within the leader sequence and the termination of this potential protein in TPL3. A potential new leader embedded within the E3 region was also detected and tentatively named the j-leader. These results suggest an underappreciated complexity of post-transcriptional regulation, and the importance of HAdV 5′UTRs for precisely coordinated viral protein expression along the path from genotype to phenotype.
VLP-based vaccine induces immune control of Staphylococcus aureus virulence regulation
Authors: Daly Seth M. , Joyner Jason A. , Triplett Kathleen D. , Elmore Bradley O. , Pokhrel Srijana , Frietze Kathryn M. , Peabody David S. , Chackerian Bryce , Hall Pamela R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) and mounting antibiotic resistance requires innovative treatment strategies. S. aureus uses secreted cyclic autoinducing peptides (AIPs) and the accessory gene regulator (agr) operon to coordinate expression of virulence factors required for invasive infection. Of the four agr alleles (agr types I-IV and corresponding AIPs1-4), agr type I isolates are most frequently associated with invasive infection. Cyclization via a thiolactone bond is essential for AIP function; therefore, recognition of the cyclic form of AIP1 may be necessary for antibody-mediated neutralization. However, the small sizes of AIPs and labile thiolactone bond have hindered vaccine development. To overcome this, we used a virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine platform (PP7) for conformationally-restricted presentation of a modified AIP1 amino acid sequence (AIP1S). Vaccination with PP7-AIP1S elicited AIP1-specific antibodies and limited agr-activation in vivo. Importantly, in a murine SSTI challenge model with a highly virulent agr type I S. aureus isolate, PP7-AIP1S vaccination reduced pathogenesis and increased bacterial clearance compared to controls, demonstrating vaccine efficacy. Given the contribution of MRSA agr type I isolates to human disease, vaccine targeting of AIP1-regulated virulence could have a major clinical impact in the fight against antibiotic resistance.
Design and experimental validation of dual‐band circularly polarised horn filtenna
Authors: Barbuto M. , Trotta F. , Bilotti F. , Toscano A. 
Published: March 2017

A simple and cheap solution is proposed to transform a wideband and linearly polarised horn antenna in a dual‐band circularly polarised horn filtenna. The filtering and polarisation transformation capabilities are achieved by inserting inside the throat of the horn a complementary electrically small resonator etched on a thin metallic sheet. In this way, the overall structure is well matched in two frequency ranges (13–14 and 16.4–17 GHz) and radiates left‐handed and right‐handed circularly polarised fields in the lower and upper frequency bands, respectively. The measurements performed on a realised prototype confirm the good performance of the proposed structure, which may be employed in satellite communication systems requiring different circular polarisation for the up‐ and down‐link frequency ranges.
Development of a novel 20 kV 0.1 Hz very low frequency cosine‐rectangular voltage generator for multi‐functional insulation testing of MV power cables
Authors: Hou Zhe , Li Hongjie , Chen Shuo , Li Baojie , Lu Yuxin , Ji Shengchang 
Published: March 2017

This study covers research and development efforts to develop, design and test a novel very low frequency cosine‐rectangular voltage generator (CRVG) specialised not only for a withstand test, but also a partial discharge (PD) test of standard medium voltage (MV) cross‐linked polyethylene power cables. The system schematic and operating principle of the proposed system are presented and described. The cosinusoidal polarity reversing process is realised through L –C series resonance. A charging and discharging switch is developed by means of an insulated gate bipolar transistor series‐connected semiconductor switch. A laboratory prototype is assembled and tested. Maximum output voltage of the proposed CRVG is measured as 20 kV, which is in accordance with the expected acceptance test voltage level given in IEEE standard 400.2. Finally, the proposed system is applied to PD detection of a 300 m cable circuit with a built‐in artificial defect, and the PD locating results are presented, proving the system's feasibility.
Asteroseismology of the exoplanet-host F-type star 94 Ceti: Impact of atomic diffusion on the stellar parameters
Authors: Deal M. , Escobar M. E. , Vauclair S. , Vauclair G. , Hui-Bon-Hoa A. , Richard O. 
Published: March 2017

Context.A precision of the order of one percent is needed on the parameters of exoplanet-hosts stars to correctly characterise the planets themselves. This can be achieved by asteroseismology. It is important in this context to test the influence of introducing atomic diffusion with radiative accelerations in the models upon the derived parameters. In this paper, we begin this study with the case of the star 94 Ceti A.Aims.We aim to perform a complete asteroseismic analysis of the exoplanet-host F-type star 94 Ceti A, from the first radial-velocity observations with the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) up to the final computed best models. We also aim to test the influence of atomic diffusion, including radiative accelerations, upon the computed frequencies and on the determined stellar parameters. 94 Ceti A is hot enough to suffer these effects. We also aim to test the effect of including a complete atmosphere in the stellar models.Methods.The radial velocity observations were performed with HARPS in 2007. The low degree modes were derived and identified using classical methods and compared with the results obtained from stellar models computed with the Toulouse Geneva Evolution Code (TGEC).Results.We obtained precise parameters for the star 94 Ceti A. We showed that including atomic diffusion with radiative accelerations can modify the age by a few percent, whereas adding a complete atmosphere does not change the results by more than one percent.Conclusions.Atomic diffusion including radiative accelerations should be taken into account in all the computations of stellar models with masses larger than 1.3M⊙in order to determine accurate parameters for observed stars.
A Simple Technique to Prevent Early or Late EndoButton Deployment in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions: A Technical Note
Authors: Salim Rodrigo , Kfuri Mauricio , Fogagnolo Fabricio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe use of suspensory graft fixation methods in arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament has become increasingly popular with the more frequent use of tendon grafts and anatomical techniques involving the creation of bone tunnels. An important technical step to ensure adequate fixation of the graft when using EndoButton-type implants, particularly in the femur, involves flipping the EndoButton plate at the correct length to avoid performing this maneuver before the appropriate time or leaving soft tissue between the plate and lateral cortex of the femur. In the present study, we describe a simple arthroscopic technique for indicating the correct time to flip/deploy the EndoButton plate.
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in Diffuse Advanced Coronary Artery Disease: 1-Year Clinical and Angiographic Results
Authors: Bittencourt Marcio , Pereira Alexandre , Poppi Nilson , Dallan Luis , Krieger José , Cesar Luiz , Gowdak Luís , Dourado Luciana 
Published: March 2017

Background Proper treatment of patients with diffuse, severe coronary artery disease (CAD) is a challenge due to its complexity. Thus, data on the outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in this population is scarce. In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of CABG on the clinical and functional status, as well as graft patency in those individuals.
Methods Patients with severe and diffuse CAD who underwent incomplete CABG due to complex anatomy or extensive distal coronary involvement were evaluated preoperatively and 1 year after surgery. Postoperative coronary angiography was performed to evaluate graft patency. Graft occlusion was defined as the complete absence of opacification of the target vessel. Stratified analysis of graft occlusion was performed by graft type and territories, defined as left anterior descending artery (LAD), the left circumflex branch, and the right coronary artery territories; the latter two, grouped, were further classified as non-LAD territory.
Results A total of 57 patients were included, in whom 131 grafts were placed. There was a significant improvement in Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina symptom severity (Z = –6.1; p < 0.001) and maximum oxygen uptake (p < 0.001), with a corresponding decrease in the use of long-acting nitrates (p < 0.001). The overall graft occlusion rate was 19.1%, with no significant difference between LAD and non-LAD territories (p = 0.08). However, a significantly lower occlusion rate was noted for the internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts when compared with saphenous vein grafts (p = 0.01), though this difference was only significant in the LAD territory (p = 0.04). Overall, the use of venous graft was the only predictor occlusion at 1 year (odds ratio: 4.03; p = 0.016).
Conclusion In patients with diffuse CAD, incomplete CABG surgery resulted in a significant clinical improvement, with acceptable graft occlusion rates at 1 year, particularly for IMA grafts to the LAD territory.
Helmet Wear and Craniofacial Trauma Burden: A Plea for Regulations Mandating Protective Helmet Wear
Authors: Harvey Jamison Anne , Gibreel Waleed , Charafeddine Ali , Sharaf Basel 
Published: March 2017

Helmet wear offers protection in various ways against craniomaxillofacial and brain trauma. The specific pattern and overall burden of craniofacial trauma among helmeted and unhelmeted patients has not been well defined. This is a retrospective review of trauma patients involved in documented helmet-associated injuries that presented to the Mayo Clinic Emergency Department in Rochester, Minnesota, and completed initial trauma evaluation between 1999 and 2015. A total of 417 patients (50% unhelmeted, 82% male) were identified. The median age at injury was 22.9 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 15.2–44.2]) and median follow-up was 26 months ([IQR: 2.2–64.8]). The majority of injuries involved motorcycle accidents (57.6%), bicycles (30.2%), and other modes of injury (12.7%). The mean Glasgow Coma Score (GSC) at the time of presentation was 14.2 (SD ± 2.4) and mean injury severity score (ISS) was 10.2 (SD ± 7.5). Motorcycle accidents had a higher mean ISS compared with other modes of injury ( p = 0.048). Unhelmeted patients were more likely to sustain scalp lacerations ( p < 0.0001), facial bone fractures ( p = 0.01), scalp hematomas ( p = 0.041), skull fractures ( p = 0.017), and are more likely to require hospital admission ( p = 0.0003). Unhelmeted patients’ hospital length of stay was on average 2 days longer than helmeted patients’ stay ( p = 0.0721). Unhelmeted patients were more likely to require out-of-home placement than helmeted patients. Among trauma patients, helmet use was associated with less scalp lacerations and hematomas, facial bones fractures, skull fractures, and need for hospital admission. Adoption of legislation and regulations mandating protective helmet use in all states are strongly encouraged to minimize the burden of craniofacial injuries among unhelmeted patients.
Photorezeptortransplantation in die degenerative Netzhaut
Authors: Borsch O. , Santos-Ferreira T. , Ader M. 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungSehbeeinträchtigungen und Erblindung aufgrund des Verlusts von Photorezeptoren stellen einen der Hauptgründe für Behinderungen in industrialisierten Gesellschaften dar. Während Stäbchenphotorezeptoren Seheindrücke unter schwachen Lichtverhältnissen vermitteln, liefern Zapfenphotorezeptoren fokussierte visuelle Eindrücke bei Tageslicht und erlauben die Wahrnehmung von Farben. Verschiedene therapeutische Strategien, zu denen auch zellbasierte Interventionen zählen, werden derzeit zur Behandlung eines Sehverlusts entwickelt. Während der letzten Dekade konnten große Fortschritte im Ersatz von Photorezeptoren in vorklinischen Tiermodellen erzielt werden. Dies beinhaltete die Klärung notwendiger Voraussetzungen, wie dem optimalen ontogenetischen Stadium für transplantierbare Photorezeptoren, zellspezifische Anreicherungsmethoden und robuste Transplantationstechniken. Außerdem konnten erste Studien Hinweise auf funktionale Verbesserungen nach Photorezeptortransplantation in Mausmodelle mit retinaler Dysfunktion liefern. Des Weiteren erlauben bedeutende Fortschritte in der Zellkulturtechnik die Generierung von photorezeptorenthaltenden retinalen Organoiden, die aus pluripotenten Stammzellen gewonnen werden und eine theoretisch unbegrenzte Quelle zur Produktion von Photorezeptortransplantaten darstellen. Interessanterweise könnte der kürzlich beschriebene Transfer von zytoplasmatischem Material zwischen Spender- und Empfängerphotorezeptoren eine weitere Behandlungsoption für Ansätze zur Zelltransplantation darstellen. In dieser Übersicht fokussieren wir uns auf die wichtigsten Entwicklungen innerhalb des Feldes der Photorezeptortransplantation, wobei wir Fortschritte, Herausforderungen und Hürden zur Entwicklung von Photorezeptortransplantationen hin zu klinischen Anwendungen diskutieren.
Comparing nonpharmaceutical interventions for containing emerging epidemics
Authors: Peak Corey M. , Childs Lauren M. , Grad Yonatan H. , Buckee Caroline O. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Quarantine and symptom monitoring of contacts with suspected exposure to an infectious disease are key interventions for the control of emerging epidemics; however, there does not yet exist a quantitative framework for comparing the control performance of each intervention. Here, we use a mathematical model of seven case-study diseases to show how the choice of intervention is influenced by the natural history of the infectious disease, its inherent transmissibility, and the intervention feasibility in the particular healthcare setting. We use this information to identify the most important characteristics of the disease and setting that need to be considered for an emerging pathogen to make an informed decision between quarantine and symptom monitoring.
Mouse model of Epstein–Barr virus LMP1- and LMP2A-driven germinal center B-cell lymphoproliferative disease
Authors: Minamitani Takeharu , Ma Yijie , Zhou Hufeng , Kida Hiroshi , Tsai Chao-Yuan , Obana Masanori , Okuzaki Daisuke , Fujio Yasushi , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Zhao Bo , Kikutani Hitoshi , Kieff Elliott , Gewurz Benjamin E. , Yasui Teruhito 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a major cause of B-cell lymphomas in immunocompromised hosts, where viral oncoproteins cause malignancy with loss of immunosurveillance. The EBV membrane oncoproteins latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A are coexpressed in EBV-associated immunosuppressed host and Hodgkin lymphomas, where they activate key B-cell growth and survival pathways. We established a transgenic mouse model of LMP1/2A coexpression in germinal center (GC) B cells, the cell type from which most EBV-driven lymphomas arise. Our model highlighted synergistic LMP1/2A effects on this important B-cell population. Upon suppression of T and natural killer cells, LMP1/2A caused B-cell differentiation into rapidly growing plasmablasts that were not observed with LMP1 or LMP2A alone. Our model highlights synergistic LMP1/2A GC B-cell effects and recapitulates key aspects of EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disease.
Data integration with high dimensionality
Authors: Gao Xin , Carroll Raymond J. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryWe consider situations where the data consist of a number of responses for each individual, which may include a mix of discrete and continuous variables. The data also include a class of predictors, where the same predictor may have different physical measurements across different experiments depending on how the predictor is measured. The goal is to select which predictors affect any of the responses, where the number of such informative predictors tends to infinity as the sample size increases. There are marginal likelihoods for each experiment; we specify a pseudolikelihood combining the marginal likelihoods, and propose a pseudolikelihood information criterion. Under regularity conditions, we establish selection consistency for this criterion with unbounded true model size. The proposed method includes a Bayesian information criterion with appropriate penalty term as a special case. Simulations indicate that data integration can dramatically improve upon using only one data source.
Morphological convergence in the recently diversified Silene gigantea complex (Caryophyllaceae) in the Balkan Peninsula and south-western Turkey, with the description of a new subspecies
Authors: Du Pasquier Pierre-Emmanuel , Jeanmonod Daniel , Naciri Yamama 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Silene gigantea complex is characterized by a high degree of morphological variability that resulted in the description of three subspecies across its distribution range from the Balkan Peninsula to South-west Asia and Cyprus. In this work, we used nuclear and plastid markers in Bayesian phylogeographic analyses to investigate the taxonomy and the evolutionary history of S. gigantea. The results from plastid DNA partly support the existing taxonomic assessments since S. gigantea subsp. rhodopea is monophyletic, whereas S. gigantea subspp. gigantea and hellenica are clearly polyphyletic. This pattern suggests that a strong morphological convergence is associated with chasmophytic conditions. The results also suggest that the populations from the Epirus region (north-western Greece) did not arise from hybridization as previously claimed, but correspond to a new evolutionary lineage that is consequently described and named S. gigantea subsp. epirota. An identification key to the four subspecies is also given. Our phylogeographic study further highlights a genetic continuity across populations from the central and eastern Greek mainland to Chios and Turkey, all of them sharing the same plastid DNA haplotype and belonging to the same nuclear cluster. In addition, at least two separate colonization events are suggested for Crete. The Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction clearly points to a post-Messinian diversification across the Aegean area. Considering the low seed dispersal ability of S. gigantea, a continuum of ancestral populations between islands and the mainland is assumed to have occurred during the last glaciations and to have played a key role in colonization processes.
Protomagnetar and black hole formation in high-mass stars
Authors: Obergaulinger M. , Aloy M. Á. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Using axisymmetric simulations coupling special relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), an approximate post-Newtonian gravitational potential and two-moment neutrino transport, we show different paths for the formation of either protomagnetars or stellar mass black holes. The fraction of prototypical stellar cores which should result in collapsars depends on a combination of several factors, among which the structure of the progenitor star and the profile of specific angular momentum are probably the foremost. Along with the implosion of the stellar core, we also obtain supernova-like explosions driven by neutrino heating and hydrodynamic instabilities or by magneto-rotational effects in cores of high-mass stars. In the latter case, highly collimated, mildly relativistic outflows are generated. We find that after a rather long post-collapse phase (lasting ≳1 s) black holes may form in cases both of successful and failed supernova-like explosions. A basic trend is that cores with a specific angular momentum smaller than that obtained by standard, one-dimensional stellar evolution calculations form black holes (and eventually collapsars). Complementary, protomagnetars result from stellar cores with the standard distribution of specific angular momentum obtained from prototypical stellar evolution calculations including magnetic torques and moderate to large mass-loss rates.
Associations Between Khat Use and HIV Risk and Status Among Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center Clients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Berhanu Della , Diener-West Marie , Ruff Andrea , Davis Wendy W. , Celentano David D. , Go Vivian F. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives:
Ethiopia is 1 of 15 countries that account for nearly 75% of all people living with HIV. Khat use, a common practice in Ethiopia and sub-Saharan Africa, has gained attention as a potential risk factor for HIV. Our objective was to evaluate associations between khat use and demographic and risk-taking characteristics (alcohol use, sexual behavior), and also associations between HIV status and these characteristics among voluntary counseling and testing clients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among Pro Pride voluntary counseling and testing center clients, aged 18 to 49 years, from November 2009 to March 2010. All clients were approached, and 98.8% of these (684) completed a self-administered questionnaire. Associations between khat use, alcohol use, multiple sexual partners, and HIV status were assessed using logistic regression models.

Results:
Using khat in the past 90 days (current khat use) was significantly associated with being Muslim, being male, alcohol use, and having a greater number of sex partners in one's lifetime. The adjusted odds of current khat use was almost 7-fold higher in those having 4 or more sexual partners in their lifetime (adjusted odds ratio 6.89, 95% confidence interval 3.87, 12.25) as compared with those with 1 or none. HIV-positive status was significantly associated with age, employment, marital status, number of sex partners in one's lifetime, and khat use. Having used khat in one's lifetime, but not currently, past khat use, was associated with over a 2-fold increased adjusted odds (adjusted odds ratio 2.64, 95% confidence interval 1.13, 6.19) of being HIV-infected.

Conclusions:
Our findings highlight associations between current khat use and the modifiable factors of number of lifetime sexual partners and alcohol use. In addition, we observed the association between HIV status and past khat use after adjusting for age, marital status, and number of sex partners in one's lifetime.