bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue-Resident Cytolytic Innate Lymphocytes in Cancer
Authors: Nixon Briana G. , Li Ming O. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical components of tissues in the body, providing a first line of defense against challenges to host integrity. In contrast to strictly cytokine-producing helper ILCs, resident innate lymphocyte populations with cytolytic potential have been identified in multiple tissues in both mouse and human. These cells express the transcription factor Tbet, NK cell receptors, granzymes, perforin, and death receptors, and can directly kill tumor cells. Signals in the tumor microenvironment may promote this response, including the cytokine IL-15 and stress-associated ligands for activating NK receptors. Although there is evidence that these cells are tissue and tumor resident, their lineage remains unclear. Whether they are derived from the NK or helper ILC lineages or represent a third differentiation pathway remains to be determined. A better understanding of their lineage will help clarify their regulation and function in the context of antitumor immunity.
Global and regional phosphorus budgets in agricultural systems and their implications for phosphorus-use efficiency
Authors: Lun Fei , Liu Junguo , Ciais Philippe , Nesme Thomas , Chang Jinfeng , Wang Rong , Goll Daniel , Sardans Jordi , Peñuelas Josep , Obersteiner Michael 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer to agricultural soils increased by 3.2 % annually from 2002 to 2010. We quantified in detail the P inputs and outputs of cropland and pasture and the P fluxes through human and livestock consumers of agricultural products on global, regional, and national scales from 2002 to 2010. Globally, half of the total P inputs into agricultural systems accumulated in agricultural soils during this period, with the rest lost to bodies of water through complex flows. Global P accumulation in agricultural soil increased from 2002 to 2010 despite decreases in 2008 and 2009, and the P accumulation occurred primarily in cropland. Despite the global increase in soil P, 32 % of the world's cropland and 43 % of the pasture had soil P deficits. Increasing soil P deficits were found for African cropland vs. increasing P accumulation in eastern Asia. European and North American pasture had a soil P deficit because the continuous removal of biomass P by grazing exceeded P inputs. International trade played a significant role in P redistribution among countries through the flows of P in fertilizer and food among countries. Based on country-scale budgets and trends we propose policy options to potentially mitigate regional P imbalances in agricultural soils, particularly by optimizing the use of phosphate fertilizer and the recycling of waste P. The trend of the increasing consumption of livestock products will require more P inputs to the agricultural system, implying a low P-use efficiency and aggravating P-stock scarcity in the future. The global and regional phosphorus budgets and their PUEs in agricultural systems are publicly available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.875296.
Cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio: características da internação e alterações relacionadas ao tempo de internação
Authors: Koerich Cintia , Lanzoni Gabriela Marcellino de Melo , Higashi Giovana Dorneles Callegaro , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini , Meirelles Betina Hörner Schlindwein , Baggio Maria Aparecida 
Published: January 2018

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar as características da internação e alterações apresentadas por indivíduos submetidos à Cirurgia de Revascularização do Miocárdio e sua associação com tempo de internação para cirurgia. Estudo epidemiológico observacional e transversal, realizado entre março de 2013 a março de 2014, com 99 indivíduos submetidos à Cirurgia de Revascularização do Miocárdio. Verificou-se que dor no peito e angina/dor torácica identificados no pré-operatório e insuficiência respiratória, hipertermia, Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e arritmias apresentadas no pós-operatório foram preditores para maior tempo de internação. A associação entre as características da internação e as alterações clínicas com o tempo de Internação de indivíduos submetidos à Cirurgia de Revascularização do Miocárdio fornecem subsídios para atuação do enfermeiro e demais profissionais de saúde e gestores, a fim de criar estratégias para detecção precoce de intercorrências relacionadas à Cirurgia de Revascularização do Miocárdio.
Forward Unbiasedness in the Short End of the Interest Rate Market
Authors: Azar Samih Antoine 
Published: January 2018

Forward rate unbiasedness postulates that the forward rate is an unbiased estimator or predictor of the future spot rate. This case of risk neutrality has been tested extensively especially in the foreign exchange market. This paper departs from this line of research and studies unbiasedness at the short end of the interest rate market. Although, a priori, an investment of 6 months and an investment of three months rolled over for an additional 3 months are commonly believed to be riskless at first approximation, our results show otherwise. The precision of our estimators unveil a small but statistically significant risk premium. The latter has two components, a constant risk premium and a time-variable one. The constant risk premium is estimated to be 14.4 basis points. The time-variable risk premium ranges between a maximum of 184.6 basis points, and a minimum of -123.2 basis points, and averages 5.4 basis points. The methodology in this paper is amenable and adaptable, with little adjustments, to other maturities. This is an agenda for the future.
Boundaries in ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and environmental variables at the edges of forest patches with residential developments
Authors: Davis Doreen E. , Gagné Sara A. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundFew studies of edge effects on wildlife objectively identify habitat edges or explore non-linear responses. In this paper, we build on ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) research that has begun to address these domains by using triangulation wombling to identify boundaries in beetle community structure and composition at the edges of forest patches with residential developments. We hypothesized that edges are characterized by boundaries in environmental variables that correspond to marked discontinuities in vegetation structure between maintained yards and forest. We expected environmental boundaries to be associated with beetle boundaries.MethodsWe collected beetles and measured environmental variables in 200 m by 200 m sampling grids centered at the edges of three forest patches, each with a rural, suburban, or urban context, in Charlotte, North Carolina, USA. We identified boundaries within each grid at two spatial scales and tested their significance and overlap using boundary statistics and overlap statistics, respectively. We complemented boundary delineation withk-means clustering.ResultsBoundaries in environmental variables, such as temperature, grass cover, and leaf litter depth, occurred at or near the edges of all three sites, in many cases at both scales. The beetle variables that exhibited the most pronounced boundary structure in relation to edges were total species evenness, generalist abundance, generalist richness, generalist evenness, andAgonum punctiformeabundance. Environmental and beetle boundaries also occurred within forest patches and residential developments, indicating substantial localized spatial variation on either side of edges. Boundaries in beetle and environmental variables that displayed boundary structure at edges significantly overlapped, as did boundaries on either side of edges. The comparison of boundaries and clusters revealed that boundaries formed parts of the borders of patches of similar beetle or environmental condition.DiscussionWe show that edge effects on ground beetle community structure and composition and environmental variation at the intersection of forest patches and residential developments can be described by boundaries and that these boundaries overlap in space. However, our results also highlight the complexity of edge effects in our system: environmental boundaries were located at or near edges whereas beetle boundaries related to edges could be spatially disjunct from them; boundaries incompletely delineated edges such that only parts of edges were well-described by sharp transitions in beetle and/or environmental variables; and the occurrence of boundaries related to edges was apparently influenced by individual property management practices, site-specific characteristics such as development geometry, and spatial scale.
A phase 1 study of PARP-inhibitor ABT-767 in advanced solid tumors with BRCA1/2 mutations and high-grade serous ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer
Authors: van der Biessen Diane A. J. , Gietema Jourik A. , de Jonge Maja J. A. , Desar Ingrid M. E. , den Hollander Martha W. , Dudley Matthew , Dunbar Martin , Hetman Robert , Serpenti Camille , Xiong Hao , Mittapalli Rajendar K. , Timms Kirsten M. , Ansell Peter , Ratajczak Christine K. , Shepherd Stacie Peacock , van Herpen Carla M. L. 
Published: January 2018

Summary
Purpose This phase 1 study examined safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficacy of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor ABT-767 in patients with advanced solid tumors and BRCA1/2 mutations or with high-grade serous ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. Methods Patients received ABT-767 monotherapy orally until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Dose was escalated from 20 mg once daily to 500 mg twice daily (BID). Dose-limiting toxicities, recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), food effect, objective response rate, and biomarkers predicting response were determined. Results Ninety-three patients were treated with ABT-767; 80 had a primary diagnosis of ovarian cancer. ABT-767 demonstrated dose-proportional PK up to 500 mg BID and half-life of ~2 h. Food had no effect on ABT-767 bioavailability. Most common grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events were nausea, fatigue, decreased appetite, and anemia. Anemia showed dose-dependent increase. RP2D was 400 mg BID. Objective response rate by RECIST 1.1 was 21% (17/80) in all evaluable patients and 20% (14/71) in evaluable patients with ovarian cancer. Response rate by RECIST 1.1 and/or CA-125 was 30% (24/80) in patients with ovarian cancer. Mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), and platinum sensitivity were associated with tumor response. Median progression-free survival was longer for HRD positive (6.7 months) versus HRD negative patients (1.8 months) with ovarian cancer. Conclusions ABT-767 had an acceptable safety profile up to the established RP2D of 400 mg BID and dose-proportional PK. Patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, HRD positivity, and platinum sensitivity were more sensitive to ABT-767.
A prospective longitudinal study of Pasireotide in Nelson’s syndrome
Authors: Daniel Eleni , Debono Miguel , Caunt Sharon , Girio-Fragkoulakis Constantine , Walters Stephen J. , Akker Scott A. , Grossman Ashley B. , Trainer Peter J. , Newell-Price John 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Purpose
Nelson’s syndrome is a challenging condition that can develop following bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing’s disease, with high circulating ACTH levels, pigmentation and an invasive pituitary tumor. There is no established medical therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of pasireotide on plasma ACTH and tumor volume in Nelson’s syndrome.

Methods
Open labeled multicenter longitudinal trial in three steps: (1) a placebo-controlled acute response test; (2) 1 month pasireotide 300–600 μg s.c. twice-daily; (3) 6 months pasireotide long-acting-release (LAR) 40–60 mg monthly.

Results
Seven patients had s.c. treatment and 5 proceeded to LAR treatment. There was a significant reduction in morning plasma ACTH during treatment (mean ± SD; 1823 ± 1286 ng/l vs. 888.0 ± 812.8 ng/l during the s.c. phase vs. 829.0 ± 1171 ng/l during the LAR phase, p < 0.0001). Analysis of ACTH levels using a random intercept linear mixed-random effects longitudinal model showed that ACTH (before the morning dose of glucocorticoids) declined significantly by 26.1 ng/l per week during the 28-week of treatment (95% CI − 45.2 to − 7.1, p < 0.01). An acute response to a test dose predicted outcome in 4/5 patients. Overall, there was no significant change in tumor volumes (1.4 ± 0.9 vs. 1.3 ± 1.0, p = 0.86). Four patients withdrew during the study. Hyperglycemia occurred in 6 patients.

Conclusions
Pasireotide lowers plasma ACTH levels in patients with Nelson’s syndrome. A longer period of treatment may be needed to assess the effects of pasireotide on tumor volume.
Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov ID, NCT01617733
Sarcoma histiocítico ósseo em escápula: relato de caso
Authors: Silva Gabriel , Alimena Luis , Alves Bernardo , David Alexandre , Furian Roque 
Published: January 2018

ResumoRelato de caso de paciente pediátrico com diagnóstico de sarcoma histiocítico ósseo em escápula, submetido à ressecção oncológica (cirurgia de Tikhoff-Linberg tipo II), com retorno às atividades prévias e livre de doença após 24 meses de seguimento.
Desenvolvimento de um guia paciente-específico para fixação de coluna cervical alta
Authors: Nanni Felipe de Negreiros , Vialle Emiliano Neves , Foggiattob José Aguiomar , Silva Kayo Winiccius Samuel Neves e , Mello Neto Heraldo de Oliveira 
Published: January 2018

ResumoA fixação de coluna cervical alta pode representar um desafio para os cirurgiões de coluna devido à anatomia complexa e aos riscos de lesão vascular e medular. Os recentes avanços com a tecnologia de impressão 3 D abriram um novo leque de opções para os cirurgiões.Desenvolveu-se um guia para a adaptação de parafusos de massa lateral em C1 com auxílio de impressão 3 D. Foram confeccionados oito modelos em tamanho real de coluna cervical alta e seus respectivos guias com base em tomografias computadorizadas. Os fios-guia foram introduzidos com o auxílio dos guias; os modelos foram analisados com auxílio de tomografia computadorizada.Todos os fios-guia avaliados no estudo apresentaram um trajeto seguro nos modelos, respeitaram as superfícies articulares superiores e inferiores, o canal vertebral e a artéria vertebral.O estudo demonstrou que o guia tem boa eficácia, é uma ferramenta confiável para auxiliar a adaptação de fios-guia para parafusos em massas laterais de C1.
Neurolymphomatosis of the Brachial Plexus and its Branches: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Bourque Pierre R. , Warman Chardon Jodi , Bryanton Mark , Toupin Melissa , Burns Bruce F. , Torres Carlos 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground:Neurolymphomatosis is a process of neoplastic endoneurial invasion, most strongly associated with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. It must be distinguished from paraneoplastic, metabolic, nutritional and treatment-related causes of neuropathy that are common in this patient population.Methods:This brief case series illustrates the protean manifestations of neurolymphomatosis of the brachial plexus, ranging from focal distal mononeuropathy to multifocal brachial plexopathy, either as the index manifestation of lymphoma or as a complication of relapsing disease.Results:Prominent asymmetry, pain and nodular involvement on neuroimaging may help distinguish neurolymphomatosis from paraneoplastic immune demyelinating radiculoneuropathy. MR neurography criteria for the diagnosis of neurolymphomatosis include hyperintensity on T2 and STIR sequences, focal and diffuse nerve enlargement with fascicular disorganization and gadolinium enhancement. No specific anatomical distribution within the brachial plexus has, however, been found to be characteristic. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging is the imaging modality with the highest sensitivity for detection of nodal or extranodal spread in lymphoma.Conclusions:Brachial plexus neuropathy in neurolymphomatosis is highly protean in its distribution, semiology and relation to lymphoma staging. Dedicated MRI and PET-CT imaging are leading diagnostic modalities.
An Overview of Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures: Etiology, Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Milán-Tomás Ángela , Persyko Michelle , del Campo Martin , Shapiro Colin M. , Farcnik Karl 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to provide an update of the research regarding the etiology, diagnosis and management of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). A literature search using Pubmed, Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE database was performed from 2000 up to August 2017. We have evaluated the different factors leading to PNES as well as the diagnostic approach and management of this disorder which continue to be very difficult. The coexistence of epilepsy and PNES poses special challenges and requires the coordinated efforts of the family physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists and neurologists. Although this condition has an overall poor prognosis, a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and management of this disorder would likely improve the outcomes. We have proposed a diagnostic and treatment algorithm for PNES and suggested a national registry of patients suffering from this condition. The registry would contain data regarding treatment and outcomes to aid in the understanding of this entity.
Large Variability of Dissolved Inorganic Radiocarbon in the Kuroshio Extension of the Northwest North Pacific
Authors: Ding Ling , Ge Tiantian , Gao Huiwang , Luo Chunle , Xue Yuejun , Druffel Ellen R M , Wang Xuchen 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was measured for water samples collected from six deep stations in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region in the northwestern North Pacific in April–May 2015. Vertical profiles of Δ14C-DIC indicate that bomb-produced 14C was present from the surface to ~1500 m water depth. Large variations in Δ14C-DIC values (300‰) were observed at 500 m water depth among the stations and the differences were likely controlled by transport and mixing dynamics of different water masses in the region. The major Pacific western boundary currents, such as Kuroshio and Oyashio and regional mesoscale eddies, could play important roles affecting the observed Δ14C-DIC variability. The depth profiles of both Δ14C-DIC and DIC concentrations can be predicted by the solution mixing model and can be used as conservative tracers of water mass movement and water parcel homogenization in the ocean.
Social network members who engage in activities with older adults: do they bring more social benefits than other members?
Authors: ASHIDA SATO , SEWELL DANIEL K. , SCHAFER ELLEN J. , SCHROER AUDREY , FRIBERG JULIA 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTActive participation in social activities is important for the wellbeing of older adults. This study explored benefits of active social engagement by evaluating whether relationships that comprise active involvement (e.g.co-engagement in activities) bring more social benefits (i.e.social support, companionship, positive social influence) than other relationships that do not involve co-engagement. A total of 133 adults ages 60 years and older living in a rural Midwestern city in the United States of America were interviewed once and provided information on 1,740 social network members. Among 1,506 social relationships in which interactions occurred at least once a month, 52 per cent involved engagement in social activities together and 35 per cent involved eating together regularly. Results of the generalised linear mixed model showed that relationships involving co-engagement were significantly more likely to also convey social support (i.e.emotional, instrumental, informational), companionship and social influence (encouragement for healthy behaviours) than relationships that do not involve co-engagement. Having more network members who provide companionship was associated with higher sense of environmental mastery, positive relations with others and satisfaction with social network. Interventions may focus on maintaining and developing such social relationships and ensuring the presence of social settings in which co-engagement can occur. Future research may explore whether increasing co-engagement leads to an enhanced sense of companionship and psychological wellbeing.
Transcription, Recording, and Authority in ‘Classic’ Minimalism
Authors: NICKLESON PATRICK 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article considers several prominent pieces of minimalism in their movement from primary sound recording to secondary transcription. In place of the score-based formalism of much musicological scholarship on minimalism, I draw on my own archival work and interviews to consider the frequency of transcriptions of minimalism, as well as the politico-historical aspects of minimalism's development that are elided when the distinction between score and transcription is not taken into account. I argue that defining minimalism in relation to material practices of composing, writing, performing, and listening – rather than to formal features like gradual process, long duration, and diatonicism – helps in defining minimalism as a cohesive field of musical production.
Transparency in practice: Evidence from ‘verification analyses’ issued by the Polish Agency for Health Technology Assessment in 2012–2015
Authors: Ozierański Piotr , Löblová Olga , Nicholls Natalia , Csanádi Marcell , Kaló Zoltán , McKee Martin , King Lawrence 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTransparency is recognised to be a key underpinning of the work of health technology assessment (HTA) agencies, yet it has only recently become a subject of systematic inquiry. We contribute to this research field by considering the Polish Agency for Health Technology Assessment (AHTAPol). We situate the AHTAPol in a broader context by comparing it with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in England. To this end, we analyse all 332 assessment reports, called verification analyses, that the AHTAPol issued from 2012 to 2015, and a stratified sample of 22 Evidence Review Group reports published by NICE in the same period. Overall, by increasingly presenting its key conclusions in assessment reports, the AHTAPol has reached the transparency standards set out by NICE in transparency of HTA outputs. The AHTAPol is more transparent than NICE in certain aspects of the HTA process, such as providing rationales for redacting assessment reports and providing summaries of expert opinions. Nevertheless, it is less transparent in other areas of the HTA process, such as including information on expert conflicts of interest. Our findings have important implications for understanding HTA in Poland and more broadly. We use them to formulate recommendations for policymakers.
The distribution of Schramocaris (Eumalacostraca, Crustacea) along the northwestern coast of the Rheic Ocean during the Lower Carboniferous
Authors: Clark Neil D. L. , Miller Randall F. , Ross Andrew J. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTTwo new species of Schramocaris from the Viséan, Lower Carboniferous of Scotland and eastern Canada extend the range and distribution of this crustacean along the northwestern coast of the Rheic Ocean. New species from Glencartholm, southern Scotland and Upperton, New Brunswick, Canada represents the first recognised occurrence of this genus in Scotland and Canada. The Scottish species is here named S. clarksoni; it lacks the rugosity of the carinae of Schramocaris gilljonesorum, but has the same relative position of the carinae, as well as similar characteristics of the pleon, such as the relative lengths of the somites and the shape of the telson. The Canadian species is named Schramocaris matthewi on the basis of the papillations on the cuticle and robust second carinae of the carapace. The deposits at both these localities are that of a shallow marine argillaceous environment, although the Glencartholm deposit contains more lime. Schramocaris has previously only been known from the Avon Group (Hastarian) of the Forest of Dean, England.