bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FIGC TERRITORIAL CENTERS: A PILOT STUDY TO DETERMINE THE LOWER LIMB STRENGTH ASYMMETRY IN YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors: Sannicandro Italo , Tisci Vito , Quarto Antonio , Cofano Giacomo , Rosa Anna Rosa 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundFunctional asymmetry (FA) is often analyzed to reduce the young soccer players injury risk. Strength asymmetry values greater than or equal to 15% indicate a potential injury risk (Noyeset al., 1991).ObjectiveDescribe lower limb FA values.DesignDescriptive study.SettingYouth soccer.Participants112 young soccer players (n=47 under 13 male, 12.4±0.6 yrs, 44.2±7.8 kg, 152.8±11.1 cm, BMI:17.7±0.8; n=26 under 14 male, 13.9±0.4 yrs, 56.4±8.2 kg, 168.8±8.6 cm, BMI:18.6±0.2; n=25 Under 15 female, 13.6±1.9 yrs, 49.8±6.4 kg, 159.3±6.5 cm, BMI:18.2±1.2). Inclusion criteria: no lower limb injury in the last 1 yr; soccer training age at least 3 yrs (n=15 were excluded).Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Single leg jumps, performed as Hop Test (HT), Side Hop (SH) and Triple Hop(TH) tests were used a validated marker of lower limb FA.Main Outcome MeasurementsYoung soccer players were assessed by HT, SH, TH to evaluate strength. FA was calculated between the two limbs as follows: (jump dominant limb–jump non-dominant limb)/jump dominant-limb*100 (Yamamoto, 1993)ResultsFA values are shown in the table below. *indicates p<0.05.Table 1Group% FA HT% FA SH% FA THU13 male10.1±6.119.2±11.1*9.6±6.7U14 male12.2±8.114.4±10.710.2±4.7U15 female10.8±7.212.3±9.48.4±6.5ConclusionsMonitoring of functional strength asymmetry values in the young player may help staff in reducing injury risk in youth soccer. The SH reveals s asymmetry values greater than the other two tests. The large standard deviations observed suggest that individualized preventive strategies should be adopted.
SHARP – SPORTS MENTAL HEALTH AWARENESS RESEARCH PROJECT: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND LIFE STRESS IN ELITE ATHLETES
Authors: Beable Sarah , Fulcher Mark , Hamilton Bruce , Chun-Lee Arier 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundDepression is a significant health issue. Recent athlete studies suggest depression is of similar prevalence to the general population, with risk factors such as retirement, concussion, and severe injury reported. The prevalence and identifiable risk factors amongst elite New Zealand athletes is unknown with no previous research in this field.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence ofself-reported symptoms of depressionanddaily life hasslesin elite New Zealand athletes.DesignA cross-sectional prospective epidemiological study.SettingThe online anonymous survey was administered during a 2-month period from May to July 2015.Patients (or Participants)All current NZ athletes>18 years from funded sports invited. 210 started the questionnaire, with 187 completing all responses. Only complete responses analysed.Main Outcome MeasurementsDemographic and health history obtained. Symptoms of depression were measured by the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale- Revised (CESD-R). Life stress measured by the Daily Hassles Questionnaire.Results21% (n=39) reported symptoms of moderate depression. Of these 40% met the criteria for a Major Depressive Episode. Only 2 of the 39 athletes were currently taking an anti-depressant medication. Those contemplating retirement,and partaking in individual sport had significantly increased odds of experiencing depression with young age also associated. Reported life stressors were higher in females, individual sports, those in partial employment and in a centralized programme.Troubling thoughts about their future, andconcerns about meeting high standardswere the highest reported life stress. There was a significant correlation between higher level of life stress and experiencing depressive symptomsConclusionThis study supports that depressive symptoms are prevalent in elite New Zealand athletes. Multiple risk factors have been identified pertaining to symptoms of depression and life stressors. These concepts and variables warrant further exploration to enable appropriate screening and support for elite athletes.
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF PRESSING MOVEMENTS IN WOMEN'S SOCCER COMPETITIONS
Authors: Sasaki Shogo , Koga Hideyuki , Krosshaug Tron , Fukubayashi Toru 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe most common movements that occur during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in soccer are “pressing” movements. There are currently no accurate kinematic descriptions of joint kinematics in pressing movements in defensive situations.ObjectiveTo describe the knee and hip joint kinematics during pressing actions in soccer in order to identify kinematic patterns in high-risk situations for ACL injuries.DesignCase studySettingCompetitive level, division-1 amateur female soccer league in Japan.ParticipantsFive video sequences involving 4 collegiate soccer players.Assessment of Risk FactorsThe high-risk pressing situations were determined by the large distance between trunk and foot placements in the sagittal plane.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe knee and hip joint kinematics using model-based image-matching technique.ResultsThe mean knee flexion angle at initial contact (IC) was 13°; it had increased by 11° (95% CI: 3°–14°) 40 ms after IC. As for knee adduction and rotation angles, the knee positions were close to neutral at IC, and only minor knee angular changes occurred later in the sequences. The mean hip flexion was 25° at IC, and had increased by 22° (95% CI: 11°–32°) 100 ms later. The hip was also externally rotated 7° at IC, and gradually rotated internally, reaching 10° of internal rotation 100 ms after IC.ConclusionsIn contrast with previously reported injury-causing situations, the present knee did not experience rapid knee valgus and increased internal rotation. The hip displayed a smooth transition after IC, which contrasted with previously reported hip kinematics of substantial internal rotation and static hip flexion in injury situations. This study suggests that the observed sudden changes in knee valgus and rotation, as well as the static hip flexion seen in ACL injury situations are unique to such situations, supporting the view that these characteristics likely contribute to the injury mechanism.
HAMSTRING INJURIES IN MAJOR AND MINOR LEAGUE BASEBALL: ARE THEY PREVENTABLE?
Authors: Silvers-Granelli Holly , Zachazewski James , Li Bernard , Insler Stephanie , Mandelbaum Bert , Ahmad Christopher , Snyder-Mackler Lynn 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundHamstring injuries are the leading cause of time loss injury in professional baseball, accounting for 6% of all injuries.ObjectiveTo test the efficacy of a hamstring injury prevention program (HIP) designed to address the incidence of acute and chronic hamstring injuries and re-injuries that occur in professional baseball.DesignProspective cluster cohort study.SettingMajor (MAJ) and Minor (MIN) League Professional Baseball (USA).Patients (Participants)One Major and Minor League organization served as the intervention (INT) team; which encompassed Rookie, Fall Ball, Class A, AA, AAA and MAJ rosters (6 total teams). A total of 213 athletes were consented: MIN: N=173 and MAJ: N=40 .InterventionAthletes completed a questionnaire detailing their HSI history. The HIP was disseminated to the medical staff, which was instructed on program implementation.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe data was analysed for program compliance and hamstring injury (HSI) rates compared to the control group (CON).ResultsThere were 2 HSI's in the INT vs. 79 in the CON in the MAJ (IR: 0.025 INT vs 0.068 CON, p<0.05); constituting a 25% reduction in HSI. There were 7 HSI's in the INT vs. 297 in the CON (IR: 0.039 INT vs. 0.065 CON, p<0.05), constituting a 40% reduction in MIN HSI. There was a significant reduction in time loss due to injury. There were 9 INT vs. 25.9 CON days lost, resulting in a 65.3% reduction in time loss in the MAJ (p<0.05). The Minor League reported 11.63 INT vs. 21.3 CON days lost, resulting in a 45.3% reduction in time loss (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe reduction in HSI is consistent with existing literature with respect to the efficacy of an HIP to reduce HSI in athletes. This study is continuing for an additional competitive season (three year prospective).
NO DIFFERENCE IN MUSCLE INJURY RATES DURING PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL MATCHES PRECEDED BY THREE TO FIVE DAYS OF RECOVERY
Authors: Bengtsson Håkan , Ekstrand Jan , Waldén Markus , Hägglund Martin 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThere are conflicting results concerning associations between match congestion and injury rates in professional football.ObjectiveTo analyze associations between short term match congestion and injury rates in professional football and to study the influence of long term match congestion on such associations.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingMale professional football.Participants122 743 individual match exposures for 2 625 players.Assessment of Risk FactorsShort term match congestion was defined as the number of days recovery between two match exposures. Long term match congestion was defined as the total match exposure in 30 days preceding a match. Injury rates during individual player match exposures were compared depending on short term match congestion (≤3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 to 10 recovery days). To analyse the influence of players' long term match congestion all match observations were grouped into tertiles (long term match congestion ≤5.0, 5.0 to 7.5 and ≥7.5 hours respectively) and analysed separately.Main Outcome MeasurementsMuscle injury rates.ResultsThere was no difference in muscle injury rates in matches preceded by four (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.19) or five (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.25) days recovery compared with the reference group three or less. However, muscle injury rates were lower in matches preceded by six (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.97) or seven to ten days of recovery (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.93) compared with three or less. The same patterns persisted in all long term match congestion tertiles.ConclusionsWhile no protective effect was seen after four or five days recovery compared to three or less days muscle injury rates were lower after six or more days recovery between matches.
THE INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF SHOULDER PAIN IN JUNIOR COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS
Authors: Suzuki Yuta , Urabe Yukio , Noriaki Maeda , Morita Miho , Shima Toshiya , Shirakawa Taizan 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe relationship between shoulder pain and shoulder flexibility has not been clarified because of different views regarding differences in age or competition level among research-targeted swimmers. Studies to date have hardly examined junior (aged 12 to 17) competitive swimmers.ObjectiveTo determine the risk factors related to shoulder pain and its prevention in junior competitive swimmers.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingFour swimming clubs belonging to the Hiroshima Prefecture Swimming Federation.ParticipantsEighty-one competitive swimmers (45 male and 36 female).Assessment of Risk FactorsA self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate injury history with or without shoulder pain, years of swimming experience, and stroke specialty. To assess the effect of flexibility on shoulder pain, shoulder rotation width, latissimus dorsi flexibility, and internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) angles in the second position were measured.Main Outcome MeasurementsPreliminary bivariate logistic regression analyses identified the aforementioned variables associated with shoulder pain, and variables with p values<0.15 were retained for the multivariate analyses. The independent predictors of shoulder pain as well as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated from the final logistic regression model.ResultsOf the 81 participants, 57 (70.4%) had competitive swimming–related pain. Among them, 28 (49.1%) had shoulder pain, the most prevalent pain type. Male swimmers with low IR angles and fewer years of swimming experience were at 1.06 and 1.42 times greater risk of shoulder pain, while female swimmers with low IR and wider shoulder rotation widths were at 1.02 and 1.07 times greater risk of shoulder pain, respectively.ConclusionsThis study showed that low shoulder flexibility were significantly associated with shoulder pain. To apply these findings practically to identify swimmers who may be at increased risk of developing shoulder pain and the use of proper preventive programs may prevent shoulder pain.
2D VIDEO FEEDBACK IMPROVES LANDING TECHNIQUE IN ELITE FEMALE HANDBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Benjaminse Anne , Janssen Ina , Postma Wytze , Otten Bert 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundIn handball an anterior cruciate ligament injury often occurs during a jump shot landing. Video feedback is effective to improve landing although little is known about its influence in sport-specific movements.ObjectiveTest effectiveness of video overlay feedback on landing technique.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingControlled laboratory with elite athletes.ParticipantsSixteen female handball players were randomly assigned to a Control (CG) or Video (VG) Group.InterventionsBoth groups performed jump shots in pre-test (5 trials), two training sessions (TR1 & TR2, 2x10 trials) and post-test (5 trials). In TR1 and TR2, the VG received self-controlled video feedback of an expert model with an overlay of their own jump shots.Main Outcome MeasurementsKnee and hip flexion angles (initial contact (IC), maximum (MAX) and range of motion (ROM)). Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) score. Shot accuracy, jump height and distance to assess performance.ResultsFrom pre- to post-test, knee (pre-test IC: −12.4°±3.9, post-test IC: −17.3°±2.4, pre-test MAX: −70.4°±2.8, post-test MAX: −99.6°±11.3, pre-test ROM: −58.1°±5.3, post-test ROM: −82.3°±10.5) and hip (pre-test IC: 29.7°±4.4, post-test IC: 38.7°±6.4, pre-test MAX: 58.9°±11.4, post-test MAX: 97.8°±17.6, pre-test ROM: 31.6°±12.5, post-test ROM: 63.9°±11.7) flexion improved in the VG (p<0.05). The VG reduced their LESS score (pre-test 8.1, post-test 4.0; p<0.05). CG did not show significant changes, resulting in group*time interaction effects for mentioned variables (p<0.05). No differences were found in shot accuracy and jump height, whilst jump distance increased at post-test in the VG.ConclusionsOverlay visual feedback is effective to improve landing technique during a jump shot whilst maintaining performance. For enhancing injury prevention, it is imperative to determine long-term effects and transfer to training and game situations.
IS SHOE DROP A KEY FACTOR FOR INJURY PREVENTION IN RUNNING? PART 2: AN RCT ON RUNNING BIOMECHANICS
Authors: Theisen Daniel , Gette Paul , Chambon Nicolas , Urhausen Axel , Malisoux Laurent 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundSo far, only few biomechanical studies have specifically addressed the acute effect of the heel-to-toe drop in running shoes, but longitudinal studies are lacking.ObjectiveOur aim was to investigate if the drop of conventional cushioned shoes induces specific long-term adaptations in running technique.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingLeisure-time distance runners were tested on a treadmill at their preferred running speed before and after a 6-month period.ParticipantsStudy participants (n=59), unexperienced with minimalist shoes, were recruited via advertisements in local newspapers.InterventionThe participants received a pair of running shoes with a drop of 10 mm (D10, n=20), 6 mm (D6, n=17) or 0 mm (D0, n=22). Apart from the shoe drop, the 3 versions were strictly identical.Main Outcome MeasurementsKinematic and spatio-temporal variables of running trials were obtained using synchronized systems for three-dimensional motion analysis (200 Hz) and step cycle event detection. Joint angles were investigated at initial contact and mid-stance phase of 151±22 analysed steps per record. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures with the post hoc Bonferroni correction was used and accepted significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsThe participants performed on average a total of 332±178 km over 163±16 days between pre- and post-tests. No interaction between shoe drop and time was found for any of the spatio-temporal variables, or for any angles at initial contact. At mid-stance phase, a significant shoe drop by time interaction was found for knee abduction angle (p=0.032). For D0 group, knee abduction decreased (−0.3±3.1 vs. -1.3±2.6°) in contrast to D6 (0.3±2.7 vs. 1.3±3.1°) and D10 (−0.2±3.2 vs. 0.5±3.1°) groups. However, none of the pairwise comparisons was significant in the post-hoc analysis.ConclusionsShoe drop of standard cushioned shoes does not seem to influence long term adaptation in running biomechanics.
PEAK PLANTAR FORCE IN ELITE SOCCER PLAYERS FOLLOWING ACL RECONSTRUCTION: GREATER SYMMETRY AFTER 9 MONTHS WHEN RUNNING
Authors: Thomson Athol , Whiteley Rod , Einarsson Einar , Bleakley Chris 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundMeeting specific objective discharge criteria after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) or delaying return to sport (RTS) until nine months post ACLR decreases the risk of re-injury.ObjectiveCompare plantar forces during running in two groups of soccer players: cases (5–10 months post ACLR) vs controls (no history of ACLR).We also undertook within subjects comparison (injured vs uninjured limb). Players were arbitrarily divided into two groups (≥9 months post ACLR or <9 months post ACLR) and peak plantar forces and symmetry across different running speeds compared.DesignCase-control study.SettingElite male soccer players.ParticipantsSixteen football players (age 26±4 yrs, weight 74±6 kg, height 178±6 cm) post ACLR on completion of criteria based rehabilitation and 16 uninjured players (28±4 yrs, 77±9 kg, 179±6 cm) were recruited.InterventionsIn-shoe plantar force measured (Novel PedarX) while running on a treadmill at 12,14, and 16 km/h.Main Outcome MeasurementsPeak plantar forces of the injured and uninjured limbs in athletes <9 months post-ACLR and those ≥9 months ACLR were compared. Negative vales indicate relatively lower peak forces on the injured leg. Normative data was collected in uninjured players for comparison (N=16).ResultsIncreasing asymmetry for peak plantar force was demonstrated at all running speeds in athletes <9 months post ACLR (n=11) compared to athletes ≥9 months (n=5). Increasing asymmetry was seen with increasing running speed and peaked at 16 km/h −32±11% asymmetry compared to −6±8%; ES=−2.8, p<0.01. Controls showed substantially less asymmetry at each running speed than <9 months ACLR players: 16 km/h (3.8±3% peak plantar force limb asymmetry).ConclusionsRelative unloading of the ACLR limb is marked at higher running speeds for athletes <9 months post ACLR despite having completed all functional criteria required to permit return to play. These preliminary findings may help add further objective criteria to guide RTS following ACLR.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ADIPOSITY AND SPORT INJURY RISK IN YOUTH
Authors: Toomey Clodagh , Patton Declan , Whittaker Jackie , Richmond Sarah , Emery Carolyn 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundObesity, defined as an accumulation of excessive fat mass that impairs health, is associated with lower levels of neuromuscular control including balance and coordination, which may place youth with higher adiposity at greater risk for injury during sport participation. On the opposite end of the spectrum, excessively low fat mass can also pose an injury risk.ObjectiveTo determine if adiposity is a risk factor for sport injury in children and adolescents.DesignSystematic Review.MethodsTen electronic databases were systematically searched using key words and Medical Sub-Heading terms. Studies selected included: English language; original data; analytic design; adiposity measurement by age- and sex-adjusted body mass index (BMI) or body fat using imaging, impedance or predictive methods and; children, adolescents and young adults ≤20 years who sustained a musculoskeletal injury during sport or recreation participation that resulted in medical attention or time loss from sport or activities. PRISMA guidelines were followed and studies were assessed by two independent raters. Level of evidence was assessed using the Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine model.ResultsOf 8029 potentially relevant records, 44 were included in the final review. 75% of these studies were of prospective cohort design (level 2b evidence). Twenty-one studies concluded that a BMI rating of overweight/obese is a significant risk factor for injury; the majority (12/21) of these studies assessed lower extremity injury (e.g. ankle sprain and medial tibial stress syndrome). Nineteen studies showed no association between anthropometric measurement and injury; the majority (14/19) assessed all sport injury. Finally, a BMI rating of underweight (4 studies) was more commonly associated with risk of stress fracture.ConclusionsThere is consistent level 2b evidence that a rating of overweight/obesity is associated with lower extremity injury. Anthropometric risk of injury appears to be dependent on type and site of injury in youth sport.
THE INFLUENCE OF PREVIOUS INJURY HISTORY ON HEALTH AND FITNESS OUTCOMES IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Berg Carla van den , Doyle-Baker Patricia K , Nettel-Aguirre Alberto , Richmond Sarah , Emery Carolyn 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundChildren and youth who sustain a sport and recreational (S&R) injury may be at greater risk of attributing long-term unhealthy body composition and low physical fitness.ObjectiveTo assess the potential influence of previous S&R injury on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal strength, and dynamic balance in junior high school students.DesignCross-sectional.SettingJunior high schools in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ParticipantsStudents aged 11–16 years (n=1,039; 584 males and 455 females) from six junior high schools.Assessment of Risk FactorsParticipants reported information on demographics, sport participation over the previous year, and S&R injuries sustained in the previous 12 months via a questionnaire.Main Outcome MeasurementsPhysical fitness measures included predicted VO2max from a 20-m shuttle run to assess cardiorespiratory fitness, vertical jump to assess lower body musculoskeletal fitness, and the Y-balance and unipedal eyes closed balance tests to assess dynamic balance. Health outcome measures to assess body composition included waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) calculated from height and weight measures. Statistical analyses (adjusting for age, sex, and mean weekly hours of sport participation) to assess the association between previous S&R injury (yes/no) and each outcome included multivariable logistic regression for body composition measures and multivariable linear regression for physical fitness measures.ResultsOne hundred eighty-eight (18.1%) students reported sustaining a S&R injury in the previous year. Previously injured participants had significantly higher BMI (OR=1.82, 99% CI 1.07–3.11) compared to uninjured participants. Exploratory analysis results suggest a more in-depth look at the association between number of previous injuries and body composition.ConclusionsParticipants with a history of injury demonstrated unhealthier body composition compared to uninjured participants. Body composition should be considered in future injury prevention research in youth.