bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of the effect of human breast milk on urinary metabolome analysis in infants
Authors: Shoji Hiromichi , Taka Hikari , Kaga Naoko , Ikeda Naho , Kitamura Tomohiro , Miura Yoshiki , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground:This study aimed to examine the nutritional effect of breast feeding on healthy term infants by using urinary metabolome analysis.Methods:Urine samples were collected from 19 and 14 infants at 1 and 6 months, respectively. Infants were separated into two groups: the breast-fed group receiving <540 mL/week of their intake from formula (n=13 at 1 month; n=9 at 6 months); and the formula-fed group receiving no breast milk (BM) (n=6 at 1 month; n=5 at 6 months). Urinary metabolome analysis was performed using capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF/MS).Results:A total of 29 metabolites were detected by CE-TOF/MS metabolome analysis in all samples. Urinary excretion of choline metabolites (choline base solution,Conclusions:The type of feeding in early infancy affects choline metabolism, as well as lactate, threonine, and carnosine levels, in healthy term infants. Urinary metabolome analysis by the CE-TOF/MS method is useful for assessing nutritional metabolism in infants.
Ga2O3 nanowires preparation at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Korbutowicz R. , Stafiniak A. , Serafińczuk J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
An attempt has been undertaken to produce gallium oxide nanowires by thermal synthesis from metallic gallium source at atmospheric pressure. Silicon substrates of (1 0 0) and (1 1 1) orientation with and without silicon oxide layers (0.5 μm) were used as support. Evaporated thin gold films were deposited on the top of those silicon carriers as a catalytic agent. After thermal treatment by Rapid Thermal Processing RTP (at various temperatures and times), which was applied to make small Au islands with the diameters of about several tens of nanometers, the substrate surfaces were observed by SEM. The Ga2O3 syntheses were made at various conditions: time, temperature and gas mixture were changed. As a result, monoclinic gallium oxide β-Ga2O3 nanostructures with dominant [1 1 1] and [0 0 2] growth directions were grown. The obtained nanostructures of several tens micrometers length were studied by SEM, PL and X-ray methods.
Enhanced thermal conductivity of graphene nanoplatelets epoxy composites
Authors: Jarosinski Lukasz , Rybak Andrzej , Gaska Karolina , Kmita Grzegorz , Porebska Renata , Kapusta Czeslaw 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEfficient heat dissipation from modern electronic devices is a key issue for their proper performance. An important role in the assembly of electronic devices is played by polymers, due to their simple application and easiness of processing. The thermal conductivity of pure polymers is relatively low and addition of thermally conductive particles into polymer matrix is the method to enhance the overall thermal conductivity of the composite. The aim of the presented work is to examine a possibility of increasing the thermal conductivity of the filled epoxy resin systems, applicable for electrical insulation, by the use of composites filled with graphene nanoplatelets. It is remarkable that the addition of only 4 wt.% of graphene could lead to 132 % increase in thermal conductivity. In this study, several new aspects of graphene composites such as sedimentation effects or temperature dependence of thermal conductivity have been presented. The thermal conductivity results were also compared with the newest model. The obtained results show potential for application of the graphene nanocomposites for electrical insulation with enhanced thermal conductivity. This paper also presents and discusses the unique temperature dependencies of thermal conductivity in a wide temperature range, significant for full understanding thermal transport mechanisms.
Synthesis of Cu and Ce co-doped ZnO nanoparticles: crystallographic, optical, molecular, morphological and magnetic studies
Authors: Rawat Mohit , Singh Jasmeet , Singh Jagpreet , Singh Chamkaur , Singh Amritpal , Kukkar Deepak , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the present research work, crystallographic, optical, molecular, morphological and magnetic properties of Zn1-xCuxO (ZnCu) and Zn1-x-yCeyCuxO (ZnCeCu) nanoparticles have been investigated. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coated ZnCu and ZnCeCu nanoparticles have been synthesized by chemical sol-gel method and thoroughly studied using various characterization techniques. X-ray diffraction pattern indicates the wurtzite structure of the synthesized ZnCu and ZnCeCu particles. Transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that the synthesized ZnCu and ZnCeCu particles are of spherical shape, having average sizes of 27 nm and 23 nm, respectively. The incorporation of Cu and Ce in the ZnO lattice has been confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Room temperature photoluminescence spectra of the ZnO doped with Cu and co-doped Ce display two emission bands, predominant ultra-violet near-band edge emission at 409.9 nm (3 eV) and a weak green-yellow emission at 432.65 nm (2.27 eV). Room temperature magnetic study confirms the diamagnetic behavior of ZnCu and ferromagnetic behavior of ZnCeCu.
The Demystification of Nick Zangwill’s “Myth of Religious Experience”
Authors: Fasko Manuel 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The debate about religious experiences has recently been shaped by the question of whether they exist or if they are a myth. One of the most compelling arguments for the non-existence of religious experience was put forward by Nick Zangwill. In his “The myth of religious experience” (2004) he argued that God can be perceived neither by our ordinary five senses nor by some special sixth sense. While I agree with Zangwill that God cannot be perceived with our ordinary five senses (or a sixth religious sense), I do not think his argument shows that religious experience - based on Zangwill’s own understanding of the term - is a myth. In this paper, I offer in two steps a philosophical defence - in the analytical tradition - of the possible existence of religious experience as perceptual experiences. In the first step, I adumbrate Zangwill’s argument for the myth of religious experience, which fails because it ultimately begs the question - as I argue in the second step, by presenting a Berkelean answer to Zangwill’s challenge.
Sensitivity analysis and economic optimization studies of inverted five-spot gas cycling in gas condensate reservoir
Authors: Shams Bilal , Yao Jun , Zhang Kai , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Gas condensate reservoirs usually exhibit complex flow behaviors because of propagation response of pressure drop from the wellbore into the reservoir. When reservoir pressure drops below the dew point in two phase flow of gas and condensate, the accumulation of large condensate amount occurs in the gas condensate reservoirs. Usually, the saturation of condensate accumulation in volumetric gas condensate reservoirs is lower than the critical condensate saturation that causes trapping of large amount of condensate in reservoir pores. Trapped condensate often is lost due to condensate accumulation-condensate blockage courtesy of high molecular weight, heavy condensate residue. Recovering lost condensate most economically and optimally has always been a challenging goal. Thus, gas cycling is applied to alleviate such a drastic loss in resources.
In gas injection, the flooding pattern, injection timing and injection duration are key parameters to study an efficient EOR scenario in order to recover lost condensate. This work contains sensitivity analysis on different parameters to generate an accurate investigation about the effects on performance of different injection scenarios in homogeneous gas condensate system. In this paper, starting time of gas cycling and injection period are the parameters used to influence condensate recovery of a five-spot well pattern which has an injection pressure constraint of 3000 psi and production wells are constraint at 500 psi min. BHP. Starting injection times of 1 month, 4 months and 9 months after natural depletion areapplied in the first study. The second study is conducted by varying injection duration. Three durations are selected: 100 days, 400 days and 900 days.
In miscible gas injection, miscibility and vaporization of condensate by injected gas is more efficient mechanism for condensate recovery. From this study, it is proven that the application of gas cycling on five-spot well pattern greatly enhances condensate recovery preventing financial, economic and resource loss that previously occurred.
Evacuation simulation using Hybrid Space Discretisation and Application to Large Underground Rail Tunnel Station
Authors: Chooramun N , Lawrence P. J. , Galea E. R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn all evacuation simulation tools, the space through which agents navigate and interact is represented by one the following methods, namely Coarse regions, Fine nodes and Continuous regions. Each of the spatial representation methods has its benefits and limitations. For instance, the Coarse approach allows simulations to be processed very rapidly, but is unable to represent the interactions of the agents from an individual perspective; the Continuous approach provides a detailed representation of agent movement and interaction but suffers from relatively poor computational performance. The Fine nodal approach presents a compromise between the Continuous and Coarse approaches such that it allows agent interaction to be modelled while providing good computational performance. Our approach for representing space in an evacuation simulation tool differs such that it allows evacuation simulations to be run using a combination of Coarse regions, Fine nodes and Continuous regions. This approach, which we call Hybrid Spatial Discretisation (HSD), is implemented within the buildingEXODUS evacuation simulation software. The HSD incorporates the benefits of each of the spatial representation methods whilst providing an optimal environment for representing agent movement and interaction. In this work, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the HSD through its application to a moderately large case comprising of an underground rail tunnel station with a population of 2,000 agents.
Effect of Inner Nozzle Lip Thickness on Co-flow Jet Characteristics
Authors: Srinivasarao T. , Murthy I. Dakshina , Lovaraju P. , Rathakrishnan E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the experimental results of subsonic and underexpanded sonic jets delivered from a central nozzle surrounded by a co-flow. The role of central nozzle lip thickness on the co-flow jet characteristics has been studied. The jet-mixing enhancement is achieved in the case of jet from the thick-lip nozzle compared to that of thin-lip nozzle. The extent of supersonic zone for the thick-lip is much shorter than the thin-lip jet.
Developmental Restriction of Retrotransposition Activated in Arabidopsis by Environmental Stress
Authors: Gaubert Hervé , Sanchez Diego H , Drost Hajk-Georg , Paszkowski Jerzy 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Retrotransposons (RTs) can rapidly increase in copy number due to periodic bursts of transposition. Such bursts are mutagenic and thus potentially deleterious. However, certain transposition-induced gain-of-function or regulatory mutations may be of selective advantage. How an optimal balance between these opposing effects arises is not well characterized. Here, we studied transposition bursts of a heat-activated retrotransposon family in Arabidopsis. We recorded a high inter and intraplant variation in the number and chromosomal position of new insertions, which usually did not affect plant fertility and were equally well transmitted through male and female gametes, even though 90% of them were within active genes. We found that a highly heterogeneous distribution of these new retroelement copies result from a combination of two mechanisms, of which the first prevents multiple transposition bursts in a given somatic cell lineage that later contributes to differentiation of gametes, and the second restricts the regulatory influence of new insertions toward neighboring chromosomal DNA. As a whole, such regulatory characteristics of this family of RTs ensure its rapid but stepwise accumulation in plant populations experiencing transposition bursts accompanied by high diversity of chromosomal sites harboring new RT insertions.
Experimental Study of High Strength Fibrous Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Authors: Saeed Srakawt 
Published: August 2017

This paper summarizes the results obtained form tests on a series of three-edge simply supported high-strength reinforced concerete slabs with various volume fraction of steel fiber, percentage of reinforcement and rectangularity (lengh to width ratio).
The results showed that the increase in volume fraction of steel fiber and percentage of reinforcement causes an increase in the carrying capacity of these slabs, while the increase in rectangularity causes a decrease in the load carrying capacity. The increase in the yield load over the yield line theory load (membrance action) for the volume fraction of steel fibers considered (0.4%-0.8%) are 3% and 15% respectively, while the percentage increase are of the order of 16% for steel ratio 0.15%. This is in a good agreement with the results of other studies [10, 16]
The Study of Vibration Characteristics in Head Stock of a lathe Machine at Different Cutting Conditions
Authors: Kasab Safeen , Baban Sherko 
Published: August 2017

This paper presents a study of vibration characteristics in headstock of a lathe machine, at
different cutting parameters. These parameters are the cutting speed; the depth of cut lnq the feed rate
.The transducer were used on the heidstock in two directions, the vertical and horizontal (feed) direction,
Also for a time domain of (l0sec) in both directions. The results show that the effect of the vertical
vibrations is more significanf than the horizontal (feed) direction, for all of the cases investigated in this
paper. Unlike the veriical vibration, the horizontal vibration is lower and steadier, when the cutting speed,
ine Oepttr of cut and the feed rate are increased, Whereas the vertical vibration shows a great fluctuation
when these parameters are increased.
Properties of High-Strength Fibrous Concrete with Crushed Stone as Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Kadir Shler 
Published: August 2017

This paper presents a study of vibration characteristics in headstock of a lathe machine, at
different cutting parameters. These parameters are the cutting speed; the depth of cut and the feed rate
.The transducer were used on the headstock in two directions, the vertical and horizontal (feed) direction,
Also for a time domain of (l0sec) in both directions. The results show that the effect of the vertical
vibrations is more significanf than the horizontal (feed) direction, for all of the cases investigated in this
paper. Unlike the veriical vibration, the horizontal vibration is lower and steadier, when the cutting speed,
the depth of cut and the feed rate are increased, Whereas the vertical vibration shows a great fluctuation
when these parameters are increased.
Nonlinear Analysis of High Strength Concrete Frames under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Mahmood Abdulkareem 
Published: August 2017

A computer program has been developed to prediet the behavior of high strength reinforced concrete frames subjected to cyclic
loading. The computer program used to simulate the numerical solution is coded in basic language using effective stiffltess
method with successive iterations. The nonlinear cyclic behavior of high strength concrete and steel-was considered using the
layered approach for section analysis. Dumping ratio of such frames was also evaluated showing the advantage of HSC for
energy absorption.
The Kinetics if the Hydrolysis of Trans-K[Cr(ox)2(H2O)2].3H2O
Authors: Abdullah Mohamad , Aziz Bakhtyar 
Published: August 2017

In the present work, the kinetics of the hydrolysis of the complex Trans-K[Cr(ox)2(H2o)z]'3Hzo have
been srudied in aqueous media at (pH:4.i,5.1;5.6 and 6.3) _(trr:0-4 NaNO3)' The hydrolysis rate was
found to be acid dependent and show a linear increase witn [U*1-'. The activation parameters for the
reactions are (Ear45.77 kJ;;l',;ft*, =+:.tS kJ mol-r and ASlr = -Zna J mo1-1) and (Eaz=81'21 kJ mol'
ilHi;=tg.59 r.j *or t and ASf2 : -i:.az J mol-t). The observed rate constants are in good agreement
with that reported by Kallen and Hamm for the anation of {Cis-[Cr(ox)z6zOh]-]'
Conhecimento fonológico em crianças com desenvolvimento típico
Authors: Mendes Suzana do Couto , Gomes Christina Abreu , Gomes Gastão Coelho 
Published: August 2017

Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a emergência da gramática fonológica em crianças com desenvolvimento típico, apoiado na hipótese dos Modelos Baseados no Uso, segundo a qual o conhecimento fonológico concernente às relações fonotáticas e templates lexicais emerge a partir das formas das palavras armazenadas no léxico. Assim, o esperado é que quanto maior o léxico mais estruturas farão parte da gramática fonológica abstraída pelo falante e mais robustez será conferida às representações. Um teste de repetição de não-palavras, com o propósito de avaliar o conhecimento fonológico do falante através da acurácia de repetição, e o teste de vocabulário receptivo Peabody, utilizado para mensurar o tamanho do léxico dos participantes, foram aplicados a 66 crianças com desenvolvimento típico de três faixas etárias diferentes (5, 7 e 9-12 anos). Os resultados encontrados indicaram uma relação entre o efeito do tamanho e a frequência dos constituintes das não-palavras, a idade das crianças e do tamanho do léxico e o grau de acurácia de repetição. Escores mais altos de acurácia foram obtidos em itens lexicais com duas e três sílabas, constituídos de sílabas com alta frequência de ocorrência e em crianças com léxico maior, o que ratifica a hipótese de que o conhecimento fonológico se desenvolve em função da aquisição lexical.Palavras-chave: Modelos Baseados no Uso; conhecimento fonológico; desenvolvimento típico.Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the emergence of the phonological grammar in children with typical development, based on the Usagebased Models’ hypothesis by which phonological knowledge regarding phonotactics and lexical templates emerge from the word forms stored in the lexicon. Hence, it is expected that the higher the lexicon more structures will be part of the speaker’s abstracted phonological grammar and robustness will be given to representations. A nonword repetition test, aiming to assess the phonological knowledge of the speaker by the degree of accuracy in repetition, and the receptive vocabulary test Peabody, used to measure the lexicon size of the participants, were applied to 66 children with typical development distributed in three different age groups (5 years, 7 years and 9-12 years). The results indicate a relationship between the size and the frequency of the constituents of the nonwords as well as children’s age and size of the lexicon and the degree of accuracy in nonword’s repetition. Higher scores on accuracy were obtained in lexical items with two and three syllables, made up of high-frequent syllables and by children with a higher lexicon, which ratifies the hypothesis according to which phonological knowledge develops depending on the acquisition of the lexicon.Keywords: Usage-Based Models; phonological knowledge; typical development.
Gramática Discursivo-Funcional, gramaticalização e modalização
Authors: Souza Cibele Naidhig de 
Published: August 2017

Resumo: O trabalho investiga encaminhamentos de gramaticalização em usos modais do verbo dar, no português brasileiro contemporâneo. A pesquisa serve-se de dois corpora de língua falada, o C-ORAL BRASIL e o corpus mínimo do NURC (Norma Urbana Culta). A Gramática Discursivo-Funcional, GDF (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008), suporte teórico-metodológico, contempla quatro níveis gramaticais (interpessoal, representacional, morfossintático e fonológico), organizados em ordem descendente. Cada um dos níveis apresenta camadas hierarquicamente estruturadas, que permitem identificar a expansão de escopos nos usos modais de dar, em direção ao nível discursivo da língua. A análise sugere um processo de mudança gramatical, cujo trajeto parte de formas plenas do verbo, que se desenvolvem em formas quase auxiliares e construções avulsas do discurso. Tal hipótese de desenvolvimento é compatível com propostas de percursos gramaticais de mudança semântica e formal no modelo da GDF (HENGEVELD, 2017) e, ainda, com outros estudos sobre desenvolvimentos no campo modal (BYBEE et al., 1994; TRAUGOTT; DASHER, 2002), entendidos como próprios de gramaticalização.Palavras-chave: Gramática Discursivo-Funcional; gramaticalização; modalidade; verbo dar.Abstract: The work investigates grammaticalization referrals in the modal uses of the verb dar, in contemporary Brazilian Portuguese. The research uses up two corpora of spoken language, the C-ORAL BRAZIL (http:// www.c-oral-brasil.org/) and the minimum corpus of NURC (Norma Urbana Culta). The Functional Discourse Grammar, GDF (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008), theoretical and methodological support, includes four grammatical levels (Interpersonal, Representational, Morphosyntatic and Phonological), arranged in descending order. Each of the levels has hierarchically structured layers, which enable the expansion of scopes in modal uses of dar toward the discursive level of the language. The analysis suggests a grammatical change process, stemming from the full forms of the verb, develop quasi-auxiliary forms and hence loose constructions of speech. This development hypothesis is compatible with proposed grammatical paths of formal and semantic change in GDF model (HENGEVELD, in press) and also with other studies on developments in the modal field (BYBEE et al, 1994; TRAUGOTT; DASHER 2002 ), defined as grammaticalization.Keywords: Functional Discourse grammar; grammaticalization; modality; dar verb.
Comparison of peri‐implant clinical and radiographic inflammatory parameters among cigarette and waterpipe (narghile) smokers and never‐smokers
Authors: ALHarthi Shatha Subhi , BinShabaib Munerah Saleh , Ahmed Hameeda Bashir , Mehmood Abid , Khan Junad , Javed Fawad 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe authors hypothesized that peri‐implant clinical and radiographic inflammatory parameters are worse in waterpipe smokers (WS) and cigarette smokers (CS) compared with never‐smokers (NS). The aim of the present retrospective study is to compare peri‐implant clinical and radiographic inflammatory parameters among WS, CS, and NS.MethodsForty‐four CS (group 1), 41 WS (group 2), and 43 NS (group 3) were included. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Peri‐implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were measured, and crestal bone loss (CBL) was assessed on standardized digital radiographs. Sample size was estimated, and statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests. For multiple comparisons, Bonferroni post hoc test was performed. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsPeri‐implant PI and PD were higher in groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P < 0.05) compared with group 3. Peri‐implant BOP was significantly higher in group 3 compared with individuals in groups 1 (P < 0.01) and 2 (P < 0.01). Peri‐implant total marginal bone loss was significantly higher in groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P < 0.05) compared with group 3. There were differences in PI, BOP, PD, and CBL among participants in groups 1 and 2.ConclusionsPeri‐implant soft tissue inflammatory parameters and CBL are worse in CS and WS compared with NS. There is no difference in these parameters between CS and WS.