bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing generations in captivity is associated with increased vulnerability of Tasmanian devils to vehicle strike following release to the wild
Authors: Grueber Catherine E. , Reid-Wainscoat Elizabeth E. , Fox Samantha , Belov Katherine , Shier Debra M. , Hogg Carolyn J. , Pemberton David 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCaptive breeding of threatened species, for release to the wild, is critical for conservation. This strategy, however, risks producing captive-raised animals with traits poorly suited to the wild. We describe the first study to characterise accumulated consequences of long-term captive breeding on behaviour, by following the release of Tasmanian devils to the wild. We test the impact of prolonged captive breeding on the probability that captive-raised animals are fatally struck by vehicles. Multiple generations of captive breeding increased the probability that individuals were fatally struck, a pattern that could not be explained by other confounding factors (e.g. age or release site). Our results imply that long-term captive breeding programs may produce animals that are naïve to the risks of the post-release environment. Our analyses have already induced changes in management policy of this endangered species, and serve as model of productive synergy between ecological monitoring and conservation strategy.
Openspritzer: an open hardware pressure ejection system for reliably delivering picolitre volumes
Authors: Forman C. J. , Tomes H. , Mbobo B. , Burman R. J. , Jacobs M. , Baden T , Raimondo J. V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe ability to reliably and precisely deliver picolitre volumes is an important component of biological research. Here we describe a high-performance, low-cost, open hardware pressure ejection system (Openspritzer), which can be constructed from off the shelf components. The device is capable of delivering minute doses of reagents to a wide range of biological and chemical systems. In this work, we characterise the performance of the device and compare it to a popular commercial system using two-photon fluorescence microscopy. We found that Openspritzer provides the same level of control over delivered reagent dose as the commercial system. Next, we demonstrate the utility of Openspritzer in a series of standard neurobiological applications. First, we used Openspritzer to deliver precise amounts of reagents to hippocampal neurons to elicit time- and dose-precise responses on neuronal voltage. Second, we used Openspritzer to deliver infectious viral and bacterial agents to living tissue. This included viral transfection of hippocampal interneurons with channelrhodopsin for the optogenetic manipulation of hippocampal circuitry with light. We anticipate that due to its high performance and low cost Openspritzer will be of interest to a broad range of researchers working in the life and physical sciences.
Brain Structural Networks Associated with Intelligence and Visuomotor Ability
Authors: Yoon Youngwoo Bryan , Shin Won-Gyo , Lee Tae Young , Hur Ji-Won , Cho Kang Ik K. , Sohn William Seunghyun , Kim Seung-Goo , Lee Kwang-Hyuk , Kwon Jun Soo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that multiple structures in the brain are associated with intelligence and cognitive function at the network level. The association between the grey matter (GM) structural network and intelligence and cognition is not well understood. We applied a multivariate approach to identify the pattern of GM and link the structural network to intelligence and cognitive functions. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was acquired from 92 healthy individuals. Source-based morphometry analysis was applied to the imaging data to extract GM structural covariance. We assessed the intelligence, verbal fluency, processing speed, and executive functioning of the participants and further investigated the correlations of the GM structural networks with intelligence and cognitive functions. Six GM structural networks were identified. The cerebello-parietal component and the frontal component were significantly associated with intelligence. The parietal and frontal regions were each distinctively associated with intelligence by maintaining structural networks with the cerebellum and the temporal region, respectively. The cerebellar component was associated with visuomotor ability. Our results support the parieto-frontal integration theory of intelligence by demonstrating how each core region for intelligence works in concert with other regions. In addition, we revealed how the cerebellum is associated with intelligence and cognitive functions.
Prediction of cognitive and motor outcome of preterm infants based on automatic quantitative descriptors from neonatal MR brain images
Authors: Moeskops Pim , Išgum Ivana , Keunen Kristin , Claessens Nathalie H. P. , van Haastert Ingrid C. , Groenendaal Floris , de Vries Linda S. , Viergever Max A. , Benders Manon J. N. L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the predictive ability of automatic quantitative brain MRI descriptors for the identification of infants with low cognitive and/or motor outcome at 2–3 years chronological age. MR brain images of 173 patients were acquired at 30 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) (n = 86) and 40 weeks PMA (n = 153) between 2008 and 2013. Eight tissue volumes and measures of cortical morphology were automatically computed. A support vector machine classifier was employed to identify infants who exhibit low cognitive and/or motor outcome (<85) at 2–3 years chronological age as assessed by the Bayley scales. Based on the images acquired at 30 weeks PMA, the automatic identification resulted in an area under the receiver operation characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.78 for low cognitive outcome, and an AUC of 0.80 for low motor outcome. Identification based on the change of the descriptors between 30 and 40 weeks PMA (n = 66) resulted in an AUC of 0.80 for low cognitive outcome and an AUC of 0.85 for low motor outcome. This study provides evidence of the feasibility of identification of preterm infants at risk of cognitive and motor impairments based on descriptors automatically computed from images acquired at 30 and 40 weeks PMA.
Resonant microwave fields and negative magnetic response, induced by displacement currents in dielectric rings: theory and the first experiments
Authors: Shvartsburg A. B. , Pecherkin V. Ya. , Vasilyak L. M. , Vetchinin S. P. , Fortov V. E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe theoretical basis and experimental verification of resonant phenomena in the electromagnetic fields generated by displacement current in the near zone of dielectric ring is presented. According to the traditional viewpoint, the dielectric has an influence on the electric field inside resonator. To the contrary, we demonstrate that the dielectric ring exhibits magnetic properties at resonance. The sliding incidence of plane microwave on this weakly absorbing ring is shown to provide the sharp and deep resonance in the components of generated field; this low loss circuit is operating as a resonant dielectric magnetic dipole. Splitting and broadening of resonance in the pair of these dipoles dependent upon their mutual arrangement is recorded. The phase shift equal to π between the magnetic components of incident and generated wave indicating the formation of negative magnetic response is demonstrated. Perspectives of using of this simple sub wavelength resonant magnetic dipoles in the all-dielectric circuitry are discussed.
Risk factor analysis and idiographic features of mandibular coronoid fractures: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Zhou Hai-Hua , Lv Kun , Yang Rong-Tao , Li Zhi , Li Zu-Bing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to identify and distinguish various factors that may influence the occurrence of mandibular coronoid fractures. From January 2000 to December 2009, a total of 1131 patients with maxillofacial fractures were enrolled in this statistical study to evaluate the association between mandibular coronoid fractures and other risk factors. Among these patients, 869 had mandibular fractures, and 25 sustained a total of 25 coronoid fractures. More than half (13 of 25 patients, 52%) of the coronoid fractures in these patients were caused by motor vehicle accidents. Among these coronoid fractures, seven were associated with other mandibular fractures, and 23 (92.0%) were related to midfacial fractures. The most common site of midfacial fracture was the zygomatic arch (20 patients, 80%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important influencing factor was the zygomatic arch fracture (odds ratio, 9.033; 95% confidence interval, 1.658, 49.218; p = 0.011). The majority of coronoid fracture fragments (19 of 25, 76%) were removed during operation. The most commonly used incision is hemicoronal or bicoronal approach (16 of 19, 84.2%).
Gender Differences in the Association between Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Hearing Threshold Shifts
Authors: Lin Yuan-Yung , Chen Hsin-Chien , Lai Wen-Sen , Wu Li-Wei , Wang Chih-Hung , Lee Jih-Chin , Kao Tung-Wei , Chen Wei-Liang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHearing loss is a global public health problem with a high prevalence, significantly impairing communication and leading to a decrease in the quality of life. The association between moderate alcohol consumption (MAC) and hearing impairment has been addressed in several studies with inconsistent results. The intent of our study is to clarify the correlation between MAC and the hearing threshold and further investigate the interplay between MAC and the hearing threshold categorized by gender. The study included 4,075 participants aged 20–69 years from the 1999–2004 data of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The associations among MAC, gender differences, and high-frequency and low-frequency hearing thresholds were analyzed. We found that current female drinkers with MAC tended to have lower hearing thresholds. There is a significant protective effect of MAC on hearing threshold shifts in the US adult population, especially in females. Our research was the first study to further indicate that there is a gender difference in the association between MAC and hearing impairment. In accordance with our results, if people drink, they should consume moderate rather than higher amounts, especially in women, which may result in a reduced risk of hearing loss.
The developmental emergence of differential brainstem serotonergic control of the sensory spinal cord
Authors: Schwaller F. , Kanellopoulos A. H. , Fitzgerald M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDescending connections from brainstem nuclei are known to exert powerful control of spinal nociception and pain behaviours in adult mammals. Here we present evidence that descending serotonergic fibres not only inhibit nociceptive activity, but also facilitate non-noxious tactile activity in the healthy adult rat spinal dorsal horn via activation of spinal 5-HT3 receptors (5-HT3Rs). We further show that this differential serotonergic control in the adult emerges from a non-modality selective system in young rats. Serotonergic fibres exert background 5-HT3R mediated facilitation of both tactile and nociceptive spinal activity in the first three postnatal weeks. Thus, differential descending serotonergic control of spinal touch and pain processing emerges in late postnatal life to allow flexible and context-dependent brain control of somatosensation.
Efectividad de ejercicios submaximales versus protocolo convencional en el rango de movimiento glenohumeral tras reparación artroscópica del supraespinoso
Authors: Oyarzún David , Poblete Leónidas , Nieto Francisco , Huerta Cristian , Lange Claudio , Cifuentes Abelardo 
Published: May 2017

Objetivo Determinar si la aplicación precoz de un programa de ejercicios submaximal, disminuye el dolor y aumenta el rango de movimiento glenohumeral en comparación a un protocolo convencional, en sujetos sometidos a artroscopia del supraespinoso.
Material y método El presente estudio corresponde a un diseño casi experimental, longitudinal y prospectivo. La muestra contó con 30 sujetos, con un promedio de edad de 52,8 años. Los sujetos se dividieron aleatoriamente por sorteo simple. Un grupo recibió un protocolo de ejercicios submaximales de forma precoz, y el otro, péndulo de Codman. Las variables analizadas fueron: dolor y rango de movimiento glenohumeral.
Resultados Ambos grupos mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al término de las intervenciones para todas las variables (p < 0,05). Al comparar la efectividad entre ambos tratamientos, la rehabilitación submaximal precoz mostró una disminución del dolor y un aumento en la rotación externa glenohumeral estadísticamente significativa en comparación con el tratamiento con péndulo de Codman (p = 0,004 p = 0,001 respectivamente).
Discusión Estudios hechos han establecido un margen seguro para la activación del manguito rotador, menor al 20% de la contracción voluntaria máxima para tendones reparados mediante cirugía. Nuestros resultados arrojan que este protocolo de ejercicios que cumple con esos niveles de activación aplicados de forma precoz, muestran beneficios sobre el rango y el dolor.
Conclusiones La aplicación de un programa de ejercicio submaximal de forma precoz, podría disminuir el dolor y aumentar los rangos de flexión, abducción y rotación externa glenohumeral, disminuyendo las complicaciones de la inmovilización.
Factores de riesgo relacionados a la falla de la sutura meniscal en niños y adolescentes
Authors: Calvo Rafael , Figueroa David , Fuente Paulina , Paccot Daniel , Calvo Mena R. , Vaisman Alex , Tuca Maria 
Published: May 2017

Las lesiones meniscales en niños son cada día más frecuentes. La preservación meniscal es una prioridad en este grupo de pacientes, sin embargo, existen pocos artículos que muestran los resultados de suturas meniscales en niños.
Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio es identificar factores de riesgo de falla en pacientes sometidos a una sutura meniscal en niños menores de 18 años.
Método Estudio retrospectivo de 35 pacientes sometidos a una sutura meniscal, con una edad promedio de 16 años (13–18) y un seguimiento de 71 meses de media (16–115). Se evaluaron 6 variables: tipo, localización y tamaño de la lesión, edad, técnica quirúrgica y asociación a rotura de ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA). Los pacientes que presentaron falla de la sutura meniscal fueron identificados y sometidos a una regresión logística usando un modelo Stata V.14.0.
Resultados 9 pacientes (24.3%) presentaron una falla en su cirugía durante el seguimiento. Lesiones iniciales mayores a 16 mm mostraron una tasa de re-rotura de un 73% independiente de la técnica quirúrgica. En lesiones menores a 16 mm, se obtuvo un 78% de reparaciones exitosas. No se encontró relación entre la re-rotura meniscal y lesión de LCA, tipo y localización de la lesión, técnica quirúrgica y edad de los pacientes.
Conclusión  Este estudio muestra que la reparación meniscal en niños tiene buenos resultados con una tasa de éxito promedio de un 75%. El riesgo de falla de sutura meniscal se correlacionó con el tamaño inicial de la lesión con un 73% de fallo en lesiones mayores a 16 mm independientemente del tipo de cirugía.
Nivel de Evidencia 4, Serie de casos.
Alargamiento sobre clavo endomedular en extremidades inferiores - Serie de casos clínicos
Authors: Baar Zimend Alejandro , López Quezada Francisco 
Published: May 2017

Objetivo Evaluar los resultados de alargamiento óseo sobre clavo endomedular (LON) en extremidades inferiores; comparar resultados locales con la literatura.
Material y Método Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes operados con LON entre los años 2011 y 2015, con información de ficha clínica e imagenología. Descripción del paciente, procedimiento y evolución; con cálculo del Índice de Consolidación Radiológica (RCI) e Índice de Fijación Externa (EFI). Comparación con la literatura.
Resultados Se reunieron 8 pacientes, con 12 procedimientos LON. 4 pacientes tuvieron alargamiento bilateral por talla baja constitucional y 4 pacientes tuvieron alargamiento unilateral por defectos de longitud, congénitos o adquiridos. En fémur (6) el alargamiento promedio fue 51 mm con 134 días de uso de tutor externo. El EFI promedio fue 0,87 meses/centímetro y RCI 1.83 meses/centímetro. En tibia (4) el alargamiento promedio fue 82 mm con 121 días de uso de tutor externo. El EFI promedio fue 0,49 meses/centímetro y RCI 1.64 meses/ centímetro. Todos los pacientes presentaron infección superficial de pines, requiriendo antibioterapia oral. 4 pacientes con LON de tibia presentaron contractura en equino y requirieron de alargamiento aquiliano percutáneo. 3 pacientes con LON de fémur presentaron retardo de consolidación, 2 requirieron aporte de injerto óseo.
Discusión El LON es una excelente alternativa a los métodos tradicionales de alargamiento, con tiempos más cortos de uso de tutor externo. Se observan complicaciones relacionadas con la contractura músculo-tendinosa, manejadas al momento del retiro de tutor externo, con resultados satisfactorios para el paciente.
Nivel de evidencia evidencia tipo 4, serie de casos clínicos
Pediatric Surgery: Job or Vocation?
Authors: Kyrklund Kristiina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPediatric surgery is a diverse specialty with unique challenges and high social importance. There is a wealth of opportunities for professional development and academic achievements in caring for children with complex and variable surgical conditions. Throughout time, surgical career pathways have exacted considerable demands for a multitude of skills and significant personal commitment, in which pediatric surgery is no exception. However, the rigors of the working environment are balanced by real opportunities for meaningful professional contributions and high levels of career satisfaction. This manuscript attempts to uncover the meaning of a career in pediatric surgery from several perspectives, with consideration of the roles of history, philosophy, research, and education in shaping the profession into the context of modern practice.
Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy: A Study of the Learning Curve
Authors: Bastard François , Meignan Pierre , Braïk Karim , Le Touze Anne , Villemagne Thierry , Morel Baptiste , Robert Michel , Klipfel Clémence , Lardy Hubert , Binet Aurélien 
Published: May 2017

Introduction Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy (LPM) is a minimally invasive surgical technique used in pyloric stenosis treatment. This technique is safe, effective, and does not show more complications than laparotomy. Nevertheless, this technique requires an acquisition period to be optimally applied. This study analyses the learning curve of LPM.
Materials and Methods Seven surgeons were retrospectively evaluated on their 40 first LPM. Patient data were recorded, including peroperative data (operation length and complications) and postoperative recoveries (renutrition, vomiting, and complications). The learning curves were evaluated and each variable was compared with the different moments of the learning curve.
Results The mean operative time is 25 ± 11 minutes. It significantly decreases with the learning curve (p < 0.01). Ten procedures were necessary to acquire the operative technics. However, postoperative complications with a necessary redo procedure appear after the 10th patient. There is no significant difference concerning long-term postoperative complications according to the learning curve and to surgeons. The best results are recorded after the 20th patients. Hospital length of stay also decreases significantly after the 10th procedure. The recorded postoperative vomiting is independent to the operative time as the ad libitum feedings recovery.
Conclusion The learning curve of LPM is cut into three stages. Only 10 cases are needed to acquire the gesture. Complications appear after this acquirement period.
The Role of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 Circulating Cytokines in Differentiating between Feeding Intolerance and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants
Authors: Lodha Abhay , Howlett Alexandra , Ahmed Talat , Moore Aideen 
Published: May 2017

Objective To describe the circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 in stable premature infants, infants with suspect necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)/feeding intolerance (FI), and infants with proven NEC and to determine whether combinations of markers could provide a diagnostic tool for differentiating between benign FI and NEC.
Methods Seventy infants were enrolled in a prospective study performed in two university neonatal intensive care units. Thirty-five matched controls (CON), 23 infants with FI or suspect NEC, and 12 infants with definitive and surgical NEC were studied. The pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) levels were measured at the onset of FI or NEC, or during week 2 to 3 for CON.
Results There was no statistically significant difference in TNF-α levels among the three patient groups. IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly elevated in NEC group as compared with CON (p > 0.001), and in NEC group as compared with FI/suspect NEC. There was no significant difference in individual plasma levels of IL-6 or IL-8 between the CON and FI. The combined serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 was more predictive of NEC stage II/III (area under the curve = 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69–0.92; p < 0.0001).
Conclusion IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly elevated in infants with definitive surgical NEC but not those with FI. The combined level of IL-6 and IL-8 may be useful for distinguishing infants with suspect NEC/FI from those with NEC.
Tranexamic Acid Effectively Reduces Blood Loss and Transfusion Rates during Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Prieto Hernan , Vincent Heather , Deen Justin , Iams Dane , Parvataneni Hari 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTranexamic acid (TXA) can reduce blood loss and decrease transfusion rates after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of TXA in a homogenous, consecutive cohort of patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral primary TKA. This was a retrospective study of 50 consecutive patients who underwent bilateral simultaneous primary TKA between 2011 and 2015. Of these, 20 patients received TXA and 30 patients did not receive TXA and served as the control group. Primary outcome measurements were intraoperative estimated blood loss, hemoglobin (Hb) and Hematocrit (Hct) levels on postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD2, and blood transfusion rates. Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS), knee flexion/extension range of motion (ROM), and postoperative complications. There was no difference between groups for preoperative Hb and Hct (all p > 0.05). The TXA group demonstrate higher Hb levels at POD1 (11.7 in TXA vs. 10.4 controls; p < 0.001) and POD2 (10.5 in TXA vs. 9.6 controls; p < 0.001), as well as higher Hct levels at POD1 (35.6 in TXA vs. 32.1 controls; p < 0.001) and POD2 (31.9 in TXA vs. 29.3 controls; p < 0.001). There was less percentage variation in Hb levels in the TXA group from preoperative to POD1 (17.7% in TXA vs. 25.7% controls; p < 0.0001) and POD2 (26.1% TXA vs. 31.8% controls; p = 0.019). Similarly, less percentage variation in Hct levels in the TXA group from presurgery to POD1 (17.0% TXA vs. 25.7% controls; p < 0.0001) and POD2 (25.0% TXA vs. 31.3% controls; p = 0.005). A total of 23.3% of patients in the control group required transfusions compared with no patients in the TXA (p = 0.044). There were no differences in LOS, knee ROM, or number of complications. No thromboembolic events occurred. TXA in bilateral simultaneous TKA effectively reduces blood loss, maintains postoperative Hb and Hct levels, and significantly decreases blood transfusion rates. The level of evidence is level III (therapeutic study).