bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Politics, policies and processes: a multidisciplinary and multimethods research programme on policies on the social determinants of health inequity in Australia
Authors: Baum Fran , Friel Sharon 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionThe development and implementation of multisectoral policy to improve health and reduce health inequities has been slow and uneven. Evidence is largely focused on the facts of health inequities rather than understanding the political and policy processes. This 5-year funded programme of research investigates how these processes could function more effectively to improve equitable population health.Methods and analysisThe programme of work is organised in four work packages using four themes (macroeconomics and infrastructure, land use and urban environments, health systems and racism) related to the structural drivers shaping the distribution of power, money and resources and daily living conditions. Policy case studies will use publicly available documents (policy documents, published evaluations, media coverage) and interviews with informants (policy-makers, former politicians, civil society, private sector) (~25 per case). NVIVO software will be used to analyse the documents to see how ‘social and health equity’ is included and conceptualised. The interview data will include qualitative descriptive and theory-driven critical discourse analysis. Our quantitative methodological work assessing the impact of public policy on health equity is experimental that is in its infancy but promises to provide the type of evidence demanded by policy-makers.Ethics and disseminationOur programme is recognising the inherently political nature of the uptake, formulation and implementation of policy. The early stages of our work indicate its feasibility. Our work is aided by a Critical Policy Reference Group. Multiple ethics approvals have been obtained with the foundation approval from the Social and Behavioural Ethics Committee, Flinders University (Project No: 6786).The theoretical, methodological and policy engagement processes established will provide improved evidence for policy-makers who wish to reduce health inequities and inform a new generation of policy savvy knowledge on social determinants.
Healthcare to parents of young terrorism survivors: a registry-based study in Norway
Authors: Haga Jon Magnus , Thoresen Siri , Stene Lise Eilin , Wentzel-Larsen Tore , Dyb Grete 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo assess changes in parents’ short-term and long-term primary and specialised healthcare consumption following a terrorist attack threatening the lives of their children.DesignRegistry-based study comparing parental healthcare service consumption in the 3 years before and the 3 years after a terrorist attack.SettingThe aftermath of the Utøya terrorist attack. The regular, publicly funded, universal healthcare system in Norway. Parents learning of a terrorist attack on their adolescent and young adult child ren.ParticipantsMothers (n=226) and fathers (n=141) of a total of 263 survivors of the Utøya terrorist attack (54.6% of all survivors 13–33 years, n=482).Main outcome measuresWe report primary and specialised somatic and mental healthcare service consumption in the early (0–6 months) and delayed (>6–36 months) aftermath of the attack, both in terms of frequency of services consumed (assessed by age-adjusted negative binomial hurdle regression) and proportions of mothers and fathers provided for (mean semiannual values). The predisaster and postdisaster rates were compared by rate ratios (RRs), and 95% CI were generated through bootstrap replications.ResultsFrequency of primary healthcare service consumption increased significantly in both mothers and fathers in the early aftermath of the attack (mothers: RR=1.97, 95% CI 1.76 to 2.23; fathers: RR=1.73, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.29) and remained significantly elevated throughout the delayed aftermath. In the specialised mental healthcare services, a significant increase in the frequency of service consumption was observed in mothers only (early: RR=7.00, 95% CI 3.86 to 19.02; delayed: RR=3.20, 95% CI 1.49 to 9.49). In specialised somatic healthcare, no significant change was found.ConclusionFollowing terrorist attacks, healthcare providers must prepare for increased healthcare needs in survivors and their close family members, such as parents. Needs may present shortly after the attack and require long-term follow-up.
User involvement in adolescents’ mental healthcare: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Viksveen Petter , Bjønness Stig Erlend , Berg Siv Hilde , Cardenas Nicole Elizabeth , Game Julia Rose , Aase Karina , Storm Marianne 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionUser involvement has become a growing importance in healthcare. The United Nations state that adolescents have a right to be heard, and user involvement in healthcare is a legal right in many countries. Some research provides an insight into the field of user involvement in somatic and mental healthcare for adults, but little is known about user involvement in adolescents’ mental healthcare, and no overview of the existing research evidence exists.Methods and analysisThe aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of existing research reporting on experiences with and the effectiveness and safety issues associated with user involvement for adolescents’ mental healthcare at the individual and organisational level. A systematic literature search and assessment of published research in the field of user involvement in adolescents’ mental healthcare will be carried out. Established guidelines will be used for data extraction (Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP)), critical appraisal (Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary) and reporting of results (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and CASP). Confidence in the research evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Adolescents are included as coresearchers for the planning and carrying out of this systematic review. This systematic review will provide an overview of the existing research literature and thereby fill a knowledge gap. It may provide various stakeholders, including decision-makers, professionals, individuals and their families, with an overview of existing knowledge in an underexplored field of research.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this systematic review as we are not collecting primary data. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and at conference presentations and will be shared with stakeholder groups.
Investigating fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma–COPD overlap (ACO): a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mostafavi-Pour-Manshadi Seyed-Mohammad-Yousof , Naderi Nafiseh , Barrecheguren Miriam , Dehghan Abolfazl , Bourbeau Jean 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionDuring the last decade, many articles have been published, including reviews on fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) use and utility in clinical practice and for monitoring and identifying eosinophilic airway inflammation, especially in asthma, and evaluating corticosteroid responsiveness. However, the exact role of FeNO in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its ability to distinguish patients with COPD and those having concomitant asthma, that is, asthma–COPD overlap (ACO) is still unclear and needs to be defined. Due to the broad topics of FeNO in chronic airway disease, we undertook a scoping review. The present article describes the protocol of a scoping review of peer-reviewed published literature specific to FeNO in COPD/ACO over the last decade.Methods and analysisWe used Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual scoping review methodology as well as Levacet al’s and Arkseyet al’s framework as guides. We searched a variety of databases, including Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and BioSciences Information Service (BIOSIS) on 29 June 2016. Additional studies will be recognised by exploring the reference list of identified eligible studies. Screening of eligible studies will be independently performed by two reviewers and any disagreement will be solved by the third reviewer. We will analyse the gathered data from article bibliographies and abstracts.Ethics and disseminationTo investigate the body of published studies regarding the role of FeNO in patients with COPD and its usefulness in the clinical setting, a scoping review can be used as a modern and pioneer model, which does not need ethics approval. By this review, new insights for conducting new research specific to FeNO in COPD/ACO population will emerge. The results of this study will be reported in the scientific meetings and conferences, which aim to provide information to the clinicians, primary care providers and basic science researchers.
Recognition of mental disorders: findings from a cross-sectional study among medical students in Singapore
Authors: Picco Louisa , Seow Esmond , Chua Boon Yiang , Mahendran Rathi , Verma Swapna , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo assess recognition of five mental disorders (alcohol abuse, dementia, depression, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia) among a sample of medical students using a vignette-based approach. Socio-demographic predictors of correct recognition were also explored.DesignCross-sectional online survey.ParticipantsMedical students studying in Singapore.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional online study among medical students (n=502) who were randomly assigned one of the five vignettes. Students were instructed to read the vignette, then answer the open text question, ‘What do you think the person in the vignette is suffering from?’ Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the predictors of correct recognition.Results81.7% could correctly recognise the condition described in the vignette. Depression was most well recognised (93.0%), followed by alcohol abuse (89.0%), OCD (87.1%) and dementia (79.2%), while only 60.0% of students correctly recognised schizophrenia. Females were significantly more likely to correctly recognise the disorders, while the odds of correct recognition were significantly higher among fourth-year and fifth-year students compared with first-year students. Compared with depression, dementia and schizophrenia were significantly more likely to be mislabelled.ConclusionWhile overall correct recognition was high (81.7%), this did vary by disorder, where schizophrenia (60%) was the most poorly recognised condition. Given that primary care providers are often the first professional help-seeking source for people with mental health problems, medical students should be equipped with the skills and ability to recognise signs and symptoms of various mental illnesses.
Results of a community-based screening programme for diabetic retinopathy and childhood blindness in district Hyderabad, Pakistan
Authors: Nizamani Noor Bakht , Talpur Khalid Iqbal , Awan Farooq , Khanzada Mahtab Alam , Memon Mariya Nazish 
Published: December 2017

PurposeTo present the results of a community-based screening programme for diabetes, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and childhood blindness (CB) in District Hyderabad, PakistanMethodsProspective cross-sectional data collection from January 2014 to December 2015 of screening for diabetes, DR and CB in Hyderabad District. Female health workers were trained to identify high-risk (potential) patients for diabetes and childhood eye disorders to undertake preliminary screening and refer patients to basic health units. The patients were further assessed by medical officers with the support of qualified optometrist, after which they were referred to Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan for management.ResultsA total of 995 244 population was covered in this screening programme during which 2622 children (0–≤15 years) were screened for CB while 16 760 adult patients (>15 years) were screened for diabetes. Random blood glucose level of 3075 patients was >140 mg/dL. Out of these patients, 17% were diagnosed with DR. Refractive error (42%) was the most common cause of childhood visual impairment.ConclusionThe diabetic screening programme detected a high prevalence (17%) of retinopathy in patients with diabetes living in Hyderabad District. The most common cause of childhood visual impairment was refractive error (42%), which was successfully managed due to timely diagnosis. A large number of patients benefited from this community-based screening programme.
Changes in endothelial actin cytoskeleton at leakage sites in the rat mesenteric microvasculature
Authors: Thurston Gavin , Baldwin Ann L. , Wilson Lisa M. 
Published: December 2017

Pages H316–H329: Gavin Thurston, Ann L. Baldwin, and Lisa M. Wilson. “Changes in endothelial actin cytoskeleton at leakage sites in the rat mesenteric microvasculature.” The volume number in the abstract line was incorrectly cited and should appear as the following. Thurston, Gavin, Ann L. Baldwin, and Lisa M. Wilson.Changes in endothelial actin cytoskeleton at leakage sites in the rat mesenteric microvasculature. Am. J. Physiol. 268 ( Heart Circ. Physiol. 37): H316–H329, 1995.
Potential role for gluconeogenesis in pyruvate stimulation of H+ transport by turtle urinary bladder
Authors: Schwartz John H. 
Published: December 2017

The rate of H+ transport (JH) by turtle bladder is coupled to glucose metabolism by the pentose shunt and can be stimulated in bladders depleted of endogenous substrate by pyruvate. In order to define the pathway of pyruvate metabolism that results in an increment in JH, the effect of an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis, 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (MPL), was examined on pyruvate stimulation of JH, glucose formation, and the rate of pyruvate metabolism. Bladders were incubated in substrate-free media for 18 h. Then either pyruvate or glucose was added to the medium in the presence or absence of 10 μM MPL. The rate of JH was determined by the pH stat technique, Na+ transport from the short-circuit current, and pyruvate metabolism was determined from the rate of 14CO2 production from [14C]pyruvate. The increase in JH in control bladders after pyruvate addition, 155.8 ± 13.6 μmol·h-·g dry wt-, was greater than in MPL-treated bladders, 59.7 ± 13.1 μmol·h-·g dry wt- (P < 0.01). Glucose appearance in the incubation medium was also greater in controls, 0.83 ± 0.16 vs. 0.22 ± 0.07 μmol·h-1·g dry wt- (P < 0.01). MPL had no effect on JH stimulation by glucose. Pyruvate stimulation of Na+ transport, which does not require gluconeogenesis, was not affected by MPL. MPL reduced only that moiety of pyruvate metabolism associated with H+ transport. MPL probably does not inhibit nongluconeogenic pathways of pyruvate metabolism or glucose metabolism itself. From these studies it is suggested that pyruvate stimulation of JH requires gluconeogenesis, and that in part it is the metabolism of glucose that is required for increased rates of JH. 3-mercaptopicolinic acid; acetazolamide; pyruvate metabolism; short-circuit current Submitted on November 13, 1979 Accepted on April 29, 1980
Autoradiographic demonstration of oxytocin-binding sites in the macula densa
Authors: Stoeckel Marie Elisabeth , Freund-Mercier Marie Jose 
Published: December 2017

Pages F310-F314: Marie Elisabeth Stoecke and Marie Jose Freund-Mercier. “Autoradiographic demonstration of oxytocin-binding sites in the macula densa.” We regret that the authors' corrections were not included in the final page proof. (See PDF)
Pathologic Outcomes of Candidates for Active Surveillance Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy: Results from a Contemporary Turkish Patient Cohort
Authors: Tinay Ilker , Aslan Güven , Kural Ali Riza , Özen Haluk , Akdoğan Bülent , Yıldırım Asıf , Ongün Şakir , Özkan Alp , Esen Tarik , Zorlu Ferruh , Dillioğlugil Özdal , Bekiroglu Nural , Türkeri Levent ,   Members of Urooncology Association
Published: December 2017

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> To evaluate the pathological outcomes of Turkish men meeting the criteria for Active Surveillance (AS), who elected to undergo immediate radical prostatectomy (RP). <b><i>Material and Methods:</i></b> Retrospective analysis including 1,212 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) who met the eligibility criteria for AS. The primary outcomes were pathological upstaging and pathological upgrading. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Nine hundred ninety-one patients were eligible for analysis after the central review of the submitted data. The mean prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 6.89 (0.51–15) ng/mL and the mean biopsy core number was 12 (8–47). The mean tumor positive core on final biopsy pathology was 1.95 (1–6) (16.6% [2.1–33.3%]). Overall, 30.6% of the men experienced a Gleason sum (GS) upgrade and 13.2% had pathological upstaging. For GS upgrade, the percentage of tumor-positive cores and free-to-total-PSA ratio were significant both in univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Variables predicting pathological upstaging were percentage of tumor-positive cores and PSA density, which were significant in univariate analysis. However, only PSA density was significant in multivariate logistic regression. Although biochemical recurrence-free survival was longer in patients without GS upgrade, it was not statistically significant between patients with and without any GS upgrade (mean 133.7 vs. 148.2 months, <i>p</i> = 0.243). A similar observation was made for patients with or without pathological upstaging (mean 117.1 vs. 148.3 months, <i>p</i> = 0.190). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Upgrading and upstaging at RP are quite common among Turkish men with clinically low-risk PCa, who are candidates for AS, and a great majority of them experienced long-term PSA control.
Dietary antioxidants and 10-year lung function decline in adults from the ECRHS survey
Authors: Garcia-Larsen Vanessa , Potts James F. , Omenaas Ernst , Heinrich Joachim , Svanes Cecilie , Garcia-Aymerich Judith , Burney Peter G. , Jarvis Deborah L. 
Published: December 2017

The relationship between lung function decline and dietary antioxidants over 10 years in adults from three European countries was investigated.In 2002, adults from three participating countries of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) answered a questionnaire and underwent spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC)), which were repeated 10 years later. Dietary intake was estimated at baseline with food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Associations between annual lung function decline (mL) and diet (tertiles) were examined with multivariable analyses. Simes’ procedure was applied to control for multiple testing.A total of 680 individuals (baseline mean age 43.8±6.6 years) were included. A per-tertile increase in apple and banana intake was associated with a 3.59 mL·year−1(95% CI 0.40, 7.68) and 3.69 mL·year−1(95% CI 0.25, 7.14) slower decline in FEV1and FVC, respectively. Tomato intake was also associated with a slower decline in FVC (4.5 mL·year−1; 95% CI 1.28, 8.02). Only the association with tomato intake remained statistically significant after the Simes’ procedure was performed. Subgroup analyses showed that apple, banana and tomato intake were all associated with a slower decline in FVC in ex-smokers.Intake of fruits and tomatoes might delay lung function decline in adults, particularly in ex-smokers.
Famitinib versus placebo in the treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial
Authors: Xu Rui-Hua , Shen Lin , Wang Ke-Ming , Wu Gang , Shi Chun-Mei , Ding Ke-Feng , Lin Li-Zhu , Wang Jin-Wan , Xiong Jian-Ping , Wu Chang-Ping , Li Jin , Liu Yun-Peng , Wang Dong , Ba Yi , Feng Jue-Ping , Bai Yu-Xian , Bi Jing-Wang , Ma Li-Wen , Lei Jian , Yang Qing , Yu Hao 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with progressive disease after all available standard therapies need new medication for further treatment. Famitinib is a small-molecule multikinase inhibitor, with promising anticancer activities. This multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of famitinib in mCRC.

Methods
Famitinib or placebo was administered orally once daily. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), quality-of-life (QoL), and safety.

Results
Between July 18, 2012 and Jan 22, 2014, a total of 167 patients were screened, and 154 patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive either famitinib (n = 99) or placebo (n = 55). The median PFS was 2.8 and 1.5 months in the famitinib and placebo groups (hazard ratio = 0.60, 95% confidence interval = 0.41–0.86, P = 0.004). The DCR was 59.8% and 31.4% (P = 0.002) and the ORR was 2.2% and 0.0% (P = 0.540) in the famitinib and placebo groups, respectively. The most frequent grade 3–4 adverse events were hypertension (11.1%), hand-foot syndrome (10.1%), thrombocytopenia (10.1%), and neutropenia (9.1%). Serious adverse events occurred in 11 (11.1%) patients in the famitinib group and 5 (9.1%) in the placebo group (P = 0.788). The median OS of the famitinib and placebo groups was 7.4 and 7.2 months (P = 0.657).

Conclusion
Famitinib prolonged PFS in refractory mCRC patients with acceptable tolerability.
Trial registration This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01762293) and was orally presented in the 2015 ASCO-Gastrointestinal Symposium
Intersystem Crossing Mechanisms in the Room Temperature Phosphorescence of Crystalline Organic Compounds
Authors: Yuasa Hideya , Kuno Shinichi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Reports on the room temperature phosphorescence of metal-free organic crystals have been surging in the past few years. Together with interests in the rare phenomenon, these compounds have attracted attention for such potential applications as bio-imaging probes, oxygen sensors, and organic light-emitting diodes. For common organic compounds, phosphorescence is the emission from a triplet excited state, which is usually produced from a singlet excited state through intersystem crossing, a forbidden spin-flip of an electron. The mechanism of the forbidden process is the key to understanding such rare phenomenon and designing new phosphorescence materials. In this account, we make commentaries on the main intersystem crossing mechanisms proposed to date of the room temperature phosphorescence of heavy-atom-free, crystalline organic compounds, focusing on our own findings.