bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of antiviral therapy during late pregnancy to prevent perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Wang Jingjing , Dang Shuangsuo , Zhuang Guihua 
Published: March 2016

Background.Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are perinatally transmitted from chronically infected mothers. Supplemental antiviral therapy during late pregnancy with lamivudine (LAM), telbivudine (LdT), or tenofovir (TDF) can substantially reduce perinatal HBV transmission compared to postnatal immunoprophylaxis (IP) alone. However, the cost-effectiveness of these measures is not clear.Aim.This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness from a societal perspective of supplemental antiviral agents for preventing perinatal HBV transmission in mothers with high viral load (>6 log10copies/mL).Methods.A systematic review and network meta-analysis were performed for the risk of perinatal HBV transmission with antiviral therapies. A decision analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical and economic outcomes in China of four competing strategies: postnatal IP alone (strategy IP), or in combination with perinatal LAM (strategy LAM + IP), LdT (strategy LdT + IP), or TDF (strategy TDF + IP). Antiviral treatments were administered from week 28 of gestation to 4 weeks after birth. Outcomes included treatment-related costs, number of infections, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). One- and two-way sensitivity analyses were performed to identify influential clinical and cost-related variables. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to estimate the probabilities of being cost-effective for each strategy.Results.LdT + IP and TDF + IP averted the most infections and HBV-related deaths, and gained the most QALYs. IP and TDF + IP were dominated as they resulted in less or equal QALYs with higher associated costs. LdT + IP had an incremental $2,891 per QALY gained (95% CI [$932–$20,372]) compared to LAM + IP (GDP per capita for China in 2013 was $6,800). One-way sensitivity analyses showed that the cost-effectiveness of LdT + IP was only sensitive to the relative risk of HBV transmission comparing LdT + IP with LAM + IP. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated that LdT + IP was cost-effective in most cases across willingness-to-pay range of $6,800 ∼ $20,400 per QALY gained.Conclusions.For pregnant HBV-infected women with high levels of viremia, supplemental use of LdT during late pregnancy combined with postnatal IP for infants is cost-effective in China.
UniProt Tools
Authors: Pundir Sangya , Martin Maria J. , O'Donovan Claire ,   The UniProt Consortium
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) is a comprehensive resource for protein sequence and annotation data (UniProt Consortium, 2015). The UniProt Web site receives ∼400,000 unique visitors per month and is the primary means to access UniProt. Along with various datasets that you can search, UniProt provides three main tools. These are the ‘BLAST’ tool for sequence similarity searching, the ‘Align’ tool for multiple sequence alignment, and the ‘Retrieve/ID Mapping’ tool for using a list of identifiers to retrieve UniProtKB proteins and to convert database identifiers from UniProt to external databases or vice versa. This unit provides three basic protocols, three alternate protocols, and two support protocols for using UniProt tools. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Finding Protein and Nucleotide Similarities with FASTA
Authors: Pearson William R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe FASTA programs provide a comprehensive set of rapid similarity searching tools (fasta36, fastx36, tfastx36, fasty36, tfasty36), similar to those provided by the BLAST package, as well as programs for slower, optimal, local, and global similarity searches (ssearch36, ggsearch36), and for searching with short peptides and oligonucleotides (fasts36, fastm36). The FASTA programs use an empirical strategy for estimating statistical significance that accommodates a range of similarity scoring matrices and gap penalties, improving alignment boundary accuracy and search sensitivity. The FASTA programs can produce “BLAST‐like” alignment and tabular output, for ease of integration into existing analysis pipelines, and can search small, representative databases, and then report results for a larger set of sequences, using links from the smaller dataset. The FASTA programs work with a wide variety of database formats, including mySQL and postgreSQL databases. The programs also provide a strategy for integrating domain and active site annotations into alignments and highlighting the mutational state of functionally critical residues. These protocols describe how to use the FASTA programs to characterize protein and DNA sequences, using protein:protein, protein:DNA, and DNA:DNA comparisons. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A consistent model for fluid distribution, viscosity distribution, and flow‐thermal structure in subduction zone
Authors: Horiuchi Shun‐suke , Iwamori Hikaru 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWater plays crucial roles in the subduction zone dynamics affecting the thermal‐flow structure through the fluid processes. We aim to understand what controls the dynamics and construct a model to solve consistently fluid generation, fluid transport, its reaction with the solid and resultant viscosity, and thermal‐flow structure. We highlight the effect of mechanical weakening of rocks associated with hydration. The viscosity of serpentinite (ηserp) in subduction zones critically controls the flow‐thermal structure via extent of mechanical coupling between the subducting slab and overlying mantle wedge. When ηserp is greater than 1021 Pa s, the thermal‐flow structure reaches a steady state beneath the volcanic zone, and the melting region expands until Cin (initial water content in the subducting oceanic crust) reaches 3 wt %, and it does not expand from 3 wt %. On the other hand, when ηserp is less than 1019 Pa s, the greater water dependence of viscosity (expressed by a larger fv) confines a hot material to a narrower channel intruding into the wedge corner from a deeper part of the back‐arc region. Consequently, the overall heat flux becomes less for a larger fv. When ageba (age of back‐arc basin as a rifted lithosphere) = 7.5 Ma, the increase in fv weakens but shifts the melting region toward the trench side because of the narrow channel flow intruding into the wedge corner, where as it shuts down melting when ageba=20 Ma. Several model cases (particularly those with ηserp=1020 to 1021 Pa s and a relatively large fv for Cin=2 to 3 wt %) broadly account for the observations in the Northeast Japan arc (i.e., location and width of volcanic chain, extent of serpentinite, surface heat flow, and seismic tomography), although the large variability of surface heat flow and seismic tomographic images does not allow us to constrain the parameter range tightly.
Sea level anomaly on the Patagonian continental shelf: Trends, annual patterns and geostrophic flows
Authors: Ruiz Etcheverry L. A. , Saraceno M. , Piola A. R. , Strub P. T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe study the annual patterns and linear trend of satellite sea level anomaly (SLA) over the southwest South Atlantic continental shelf (SWACS) between 54ºS and 36ºS. Results show that south of 42°S the thermal steric effect explains nearly 100% of the annual amplitude of the SLA, while north of 42°S it explains less than 60%. This difference is due to the halosteric contribution. The annual wind variability plays a minor role over the whole continental shelf. The temporal linear trend in SLA ranges between 1 and 5 mm/yr (95% confidence level). The largest linear trends are found north of 39°S, at 42°S and at 50°S. We propose that in the northern region the large positive linear trends are associated with local changes in the density field caused by advective effects in response to a southward displacement of the South Atlantic High. The causes of the relative large SLA trends in two southern coastal regions are discussed as a function meridional wind stress and river discharge. Finally, we combined the annual cycle of SLA with the mean dynamic topography to estimate the absolute geostrophic velocities. This approach provides the first comprehensive description of the seasonal component of SWACS circulation based on satellite observations. The general circulation of the SWACS is northeastward with stronger/weaker geostrophic currents in austral summer/winter. At all latitudes, geostrophic velocities are larger (up to 20 cm/s) close to the shelf‐break and decrease toward the coast. This spatio‐temporal pattern is more intense north of 45°S.
Frequency and impact of summertime stratospheric intrusions over Maryland during DISCOVER‐AQ (2011): New evidence from NASA's GEOS‐5 simulations
Authors: Ott Lesley E. , Duncan Bryan N. , Thompson Anne M. , Diskin Glenn , Fasnacht Zachary , Langford Andrew O. , Lin Meiyun , Molod Andrea M. , Nielsen J. Eric , Pusede Sally E. , Wargan Krzysztof , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Yoshida Yasuko 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAircraft observations and ozonesonde profiles collected on 14 and 27 July 2011, during the Maryland month‐long Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER‐AQ) campaign, indicate the presence of stratospheric air just above the planetary boundary layer (PBL). This raises the question of whether summer stratospheric intrusions (SIs) elevate surface ozone levels and to what degree they influence background ozone levels and contribute to ozone production. We used idealized stratospheric air tracers, along with observations, to determine the frequency and extent of SIs in Maryland during July 2011. On 4 of 14 flight days, SIs were detected in layers that the aircraft encountered above the PBL from the coincidence of enhanced ozone, moderate CO, and low moisture. Satellite observations of lower tropospheric humidity confirmed the occurrence of synoptic‐scale influence of SIs as do simulations with the GEOS‐5 atmospheric general circulation model. The evolution of GEOS‐5 stratospheric air tracers agrees with the timing and location of observed stratospheric influence and indicates that more than 50% of air in SI layers above the PBL had resided in the stratosphere within the previous 14 days. Despite having a strong influence in the lower free troposphere, these events did not significantly affect surface ozone, which remained low on intrusion days. The model indicates similar frequencies of stratospheric influence during all summers from 2009 to 2013. GEOS‐5 results suggest that over Maryland, the strong inversion capping the summer PBL limits downward mixing of stratospheric air during much of the day, helping to preserve low surface ozone associated with frontal passages that precede SIs.
Stable carbon isotopic compositions of low‐molecular‐weight dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids, α‐dicarbonyls, and fatty acids: Implications for atmospheric processing of organic aerosols
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Lin , Kawamura Kimitaka , Cao Fang , Lee Meehye 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStable carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C) were measured for 23 individual organic species including 9 dicarboxylic acids, 7 oxocarboxylic acids, 1 tricarboxylic acid, 2 α‐dicarbonyls, and 4 fatty acids in the aerosols from Gosan background site in East Asia. δ13C values of particle phase glyoxal and methylglyoxal are significantly larger than those previously reported for isoprene and other precursors. The values are consistently less negative in oxalic acid (C2, average −14.1‰), glyoxylic acid (−13.8‰), pyruvic acid (−19.4‰), glyoxal (−13.5‰), and methylglyoxal (−18.6‰) compared to other organic species (e.g., palmitic acid, −26.3‰), which can be explained by the kinetic isotope effects during atmospheric oxidation of pre‐aged precursors (e.g., isoprene) and the subsequent gas‐particle partitioning after the evaporation of clouds or wet aerosols. The δ13C values of C2 is positively correlated with C2 to organic carbon ratio, indicating that photochemical production of C2 is more pronounced than its degradation during long‐range atmospheric transport. The isotopic results also suggest that aqueous phase oxidation of glyoxal and methylglyoxal is a major formation process of oxalic acid via the intermediates such as glyoxylic acid and pyruvic acid. This study provides evidence that organic aerosols are intensively photochemically aged in the western North Pacific rim.
Topographic roughness of the northern high latitudes of Mercury from MESSENGER Laser Altimeter data
Authors: Fa Wenzhe , Cai Yuzhen , Xiao Zhiyong , Tian Wei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe investigated topographic roughness for the northern hemisphere (>45°N) of Mercury using high‐resolution topography data acquired by the Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) on board the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft. Our results show that there are distinct differences in the bidirectional slope and root‐mean‐square (RMS) height among smooth plains (SP), intercrater plains (ICP), and heavily cratered terrain (HCT), and that the ratios of the bidirectional slope and RMS height among the three geologic units are both about 1:2:2.4. Most of Mercury's surface exhibits fractal‐like behavior on the basis of the linearity in the deviograms, with median Hurst exponents of 0.66, 0.80, and 0.81 for SP, ICP, and HCT, respectively. The median differential slope map shows that smooth plains are smooth at kilometer scale and become rough at hectometer scale, but they are always rougher than lunar maria at the scales studied. In contrast, intercrater plains and heavily cratered terrain are rough at kilometer scale and smooth at hectometer scale, and they are rougher than lunar highlands at scale <∼2 km but smoother at >∼2 km. We suggest that these scale‐dependent roughness characteristics are mainly caused by the difference in density and shape of impact craters between Mercury and the Moon.
Cycle‐phase dependent associations between CRP, leptin, and reproductive hormones in an urban, Canadian sample
Authors: Clancy Kathryn B.H. , Baerwald Angela R. , Pierson Roger A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the relationships among reproductive hormones, follicular development, inflammation, and adiposity in a sample of urban, Canadian women.Materials and MethodsParticipants (n = 41) had blood collected every 3 days through one interovulatory interval (IOI) to measure estradiol, progesterone, LH, FSH, leptin, and C‐reactive protein (CRP). Participants underwent daily transvaginal ultrasound examinations during the IOI to quantify all follicles > 2 mm. CRP and leptin tertiles were used to compare conditions of high and low inflammatory processes and adiposity, respectively.ResultsLuteal phase estradiol, luteal phase LH, and follicular phase progesterone were lower among individuals in the highest CRP tertile (adjusted r2 = 0.63, 0.70, 0.76, respectively). Luteal and follicular phase follicle diameter was greatest in the high CRP tertile (adjusted r2 = 0.68, 0.71). Follicular phase progesterone was lowest among individuals in the highest leptin tertile, and follicular phase FSH was lowest among individuals in the lowest leptin tertile (adjusted r2 = 0.54, 0.45). Luteal phase follicle diameter was highest among those in the moderate leptin tertile (adjusted r2 = 0.49).DiscussionThis study is a first comprehensive assessment of the relationship between multiple ovarian function components and inflammatory biomarkers. The results are interpreted to mean that inflammatory and energetic stressors produce differential effects depending on population, adiposity, and cycle phase. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:389–396, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Directed Self‐Assembly Pathways of Active Colloidal Clusters
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yan Jing , Granick Steve 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDespite the mounting interest in synthetic active particles, too little is known about their assembly into higher‐order clusters. Here, mixing bare silica particles with Janus particles that are self‐propelled in electric fields, we assemble rotating chiral clusters of various sorts, their structures consisting of active particles wrapped around central “hub” particles. These clusters self‐assemble from the competition between standard energetic interactions and the need to be stable as the clusters rotate when the energy source is turned on, and fall apart when the energy input is off. This allows one to guide the formation of intended clusters, as the final structure depends notably on the sequence of steps in which the clusters form.
A Vancomycin Derivative with a Pyrophosphate‐Binding Group: A Strategy to Combat Vancomycin‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Yarlagadda Venkateswarlu , Sarkar Paramita , Samaddar Sandip , Haldar Jayanta 
Published: March 2016

AbstractVancomycin, the drug of last resort for Gram‐positive bacterial infections, has also been rendered ineffective by the emergence of resistance in such bacteria. To combat the threat of vancomycin‐resistant bacteria (VRB), we report the development of a dipicolyl–vancomycin conjugate (Dipi‐van), which leads to enhanced inhibition of cell‐wall biosynthesis in VRB and displays in vitro activity that is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of vancomycin. Conjugation of the dipicolyl moiety, which is a zinc‐binding ligand, endowed the parent drug with the ability to bind to pyrophosphate groups of cell‐wall lipids while maintaining the inherent binding affinity for pentapeptide termini of cell‐wall precursors. Furthermore, no detectable resistance was observed after several serial passages, and the compound reduced the bacterial burden by a factor of 5 logs at 12 mg kg−1 in a murine model of VRB kidney infection. The findings presented in this report stress the potential of our strategy to combat VRB infections.
Manufacturing and characterization of polyether ether ketone/methyl phenyl polysiloxane composite coatings
Authors: Barletta Massimiliano , Gisario A. , Puopolo M. , Vesco S. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, manufacturing and characterization of single‐ and multilayer polyether ether ketone (PEEK)‐reinforced coatings were investigated. Hybrid composites of thermoplastic reinforcing agents in a thermoset resin was, therefore, achieved by dispersing large PEEK particles (∼85 μm diameter) in methyl phenyl polysiloxane (MPP). First, mechanism of formation of the polymeric networks during MPP curing at different temperatures (250–400 °C) was analyzed. The different arrangements of the PEEK powders inside the cross‐linked network of the MPP resin were, thus, disclosed. Second, the effect of process parameters on visual appearance, morphological features, and mechanical response of the composite coatings was evaluated by contact gauge profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, IR spectrometry, and microscratch indentations. Moderate temperature curing (250 °C > T > 300 °C) of the composite coatings led to polysiloxane resins harder, well adhered on the metal and able to retain better the PEEK reinforce. Further increase in curing temperature (350 and 400 °C) might embrittle the polysiloxane resin, with the PEEK powders in it partially attenuating the loss of properties of the composite coating. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43609.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhancing the Hardness of Superhard Transition‐Metal Borides: Molybdenum‐Doped Tungsten Tetraboride.
Authors: Mohammadi Reza , Turner Christopher L. , Xie Miao , Yeung Michael T. , Lech Andrew T. , Tolbert Sarah H. , Kaner Richard B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe superhard solid solution W1‐xMoxB4 (x = 0.00—0.50) is systematically investigated by arc melting of the elements using a B:W ratio of 12:1 (<2020 °C, ≈3 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis, Structure and Physical Properties of 3R‐AxNbS2 (A: Li, Na).
Authors: Hao Qiaoyan , Wang Dake , Zhu Baichuan , Zeng Suyuan , Gao Zhan , Wang Yan , Li Biao , Wang Yongkun , Tang Zhenke , Tang Kaibin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLi and Na intercalates of 3R‐Nb1+xS2 are obtained from the reaction of the host with alkali metal naphthalenides in anhydrous THF using alkali metal/host ratios of 0.5—15 (25 °C, 1—7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Phase‐Transfer‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Chiral N‐Substituted 3,3‐Dinitroazetidines by Aza‐Michael Reaction.
Authors: Lee Hyo‐Jun , Cho Chang‐Woo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUsing a chiral quinidine‐derived catalyst, the title reaction between 3,3‐dinitroazetidine (I) and α,β‐unsaturated ketones (II) and (IV) gives the aza‐Michael adducts (R)‐III and (R)‐V in good to high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Promoted, One‐Pot Conversion of 1‐Alkynes with Anhydrides or Primary Amines to the Respective 2,5‐Disubstituted Furans or Pyrroles under Microwave Irradiation Conditions.
Authors: Lee Hyejeong , Yi Yeonhui , Jun Chul‐Ho 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe method allows an efficient approach to the desired heterocycles within a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed [2 + 1] Annulation of Acetophenones with Maleimides: Direct Synthesis of Cyclopropanes.
Authors: Manna Srimanta , Antonchick Andrey P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA novel copper‐catalyzed oxidative cyclopropanation of maleimides and activated alkenes using acetophenones as reaction component and di‐tert‐butylperoxide as the terminal oxidant is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Process Development of CuI/ABNO/NMI‐Catalyzed Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation.
Authors: Steves Janelle E. , Preger Yuliya , Martinelli Joseph R. , Welch Christopher J. , Root Thatcher W. , Hawkins Joel M. , Stahl Shannon S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA Cu/nitroxyl catalyst system for aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Difluoroalkylation of Isocyanates with Difluoromethyl 2‐Pyridyl Sulfone.
Authors: Li Shan , Peng Peng , Wei Jun , Hu Yongzhou , Hu Jinbo , Sheng Rong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe title reaction is applied to various aliphatic and aromatic isocyanates and the sulfur analogues (VI) to produce the expected difluoro acetamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Branch‐Selective Alkene Hydroarylation by Cooperative Destabilization: Iridium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Alkylation of Acetanilides.
Authors: Crisenza Giacomo E. M. , Sokolova Olga O. , Bower John F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIr‐catalyzed reaction of variously substituted N‐acetylanilines with styrenes and mono‐alkyl olefins results in directed C—H alkylation to give selectively branched ortho‐alkylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Electrocatalytic Stereoselective Multicomponent Synthesis of Cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Vereshchagin Anatoly N. , Elinson Michail N. , Egorov Mikhail P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe title synthesis from aldehydes, alkyl cyanoacetate and dialkyl malonate proceeds in a simple beaker and allows multigram‐scale synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of Nitrovinyl Substituted Bicyclo[2.2.2]octenone Scaffolds.
Authors: Sharma Shivangi , Naganaboina Ram Tilak , Peddinti Rama Krishna 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe title scaffolds are synthesized from [4 + 2]‐cycloaddition of nitrovinyl substituted guaiacols [e.g.(I) and (VIII)] and alkenes [e.g. (II) and (VI)].
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Direct Cross‐Coupling of Phenols with Amines.
Authors: Chen Zhengwang , Zeng Huiying , Girard Simon A. , Wang Feng , Chen Ning , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPrimary and secondary amines as well as anilines are coupled with a range of phenols affording aromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of o‐Fluorophenols from Nonaromatic Precursors: Mechanistic Considerations for Adaptation to Fluorine‐18 Radiolabeling.
Authors: Yasui Norio , Mayne Christopher G. , Katzenellenbogen John A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSome of the title compounds including estradiol derivative (IV) are prepared in a regioselective manner from α‐diazocyclohexanone units following the two‐step sequence A)‐B).