bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic vs laparoscopic rectal surgery in high‐risk patients
Authors: Ahmed J. , Cao H. , Panteleimonitis S. , Khan J. , Parvaiz A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimLaparoscopic rectal surgery is associated with a steep learning curve and high conversion rate despite progress in equipment design and consistent practice. The robotic system has shown an advantage over the laparoscopic approach due to stable three‐dimensional views, improved dexterity and better ergonomics. These factors make the robotic approach more favourable for rectal surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic and robotic rectal cancer surgery in high‐risk patients.MethodA prospectively collected dataset for high‐risk patients who underwent rectal cancer surgery between May 2013 and November 2015 was analysed. Patients with any of the following characteristics were defined as high risk: a body mass index ≥30, male gender, preoperative chemoradiotherapy, tumour <8 cm from the anal verge and previous abdominal surgery.ResultsIn total, 184 high‐risk patients were identified: 99 in the robotic group and 85 in the laparoscopic group. Robotic surgery was associated with a significantly higher sphincter preservation rate (86% vs 74%, P = 0.045), shorter operative time (240 vs 270 min, P = 0.013) and hospital stay (7 vs 9 days, P = 0.001), less blood loss (10 vs 100 ml, P < 0.001) and a smaller conversion rate to open surgery (0% vs 5%, P = 0.043) compared with the laparoscopic technique. Reoperation, anastomotic leak rate, 30‐day mortality and oncological outcomes were comparable between the two techniques.ConclusionRobotic surgery in high‐risk patients is associated with higher sphincter preservation, reduced blood loss, smaller conversion rates, and shorter operating time and hospital stay. However, further studies are required to evaluate this notion.
Interictal oscillations and focal epileptic disorders
Authors: Lévesque Maxime , Salami Pariya , Shiri Zahra , Avoli Massimo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNeuronal network oscillations represent a main feature of the brain activity recorded in the EEG under normal and pathological conditions such as epilepsy. Specific oscillations occur between seizures in patients and in animal models of focal epilepsy, and thus, they are termed interictal. According to their shape and intrinsic signal frequency, interictal oscillations are classified as spikes and high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs). Interictal spikes are recorded in the ‘wideband’ EEG signal and consist of large‐amplitude events that usually last less than 1 s; HFOs, in contrast, are extracted by amplifying the appropriately filtered EEG signal and are usually categorized as ripples (80–200 Hz) and fast ripples (250–500 Hz). Interictal spikes and HFOs are used in clinical practice to localize the seizure onset zone in focal epileptic disorders, which is fundamental for performing successful surgical interventions in epileptic patients not responding to anti‐epileptic drug therapy. Both types of interictal oscillations have been widely studied in animal models of focal epilepsy to identify the mechanisms underlying their generation as well as to establish their role in ictogenesis and epileptogenesis. In this review, we will address the cellular mechanisms underlying the generation of interictal spikes and HFOs in animal models of epileptiform synchronization and of focal epilepsy. Moreover, we will highlight in vitro and in vivo evidence indicating that these interictal oscillations mirror specific, dynamic changes in neuronal network excitability causing seizure generation (i.e. ictogenesis) and leading to a chronic epileptic condition (i.e. epileptogenesis).
Incorporating evolutionary insights to improve ecotoxicology for freshwater species
Authors: Brady Steven P. , Richardson Jonathan L. , Kunz Bethany K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEcotoxicological studies have provided extensive insights into the lethal and sublethal effects of environmental contaminants. These insights are critical for environmental regulatory frameworks, which rely on knowledge of toxicity for developing policies to manage contaminants. While varied approaches have been applied to ecotoxicological questions, perspectives related to the evolutionary history of focal species or populations have received little consideration. Here, we evaluate chloride toxicity from the perspectives of both macroevolution and contemporary evolution. First, by mapping chloride toxicity values derived from the literature onto a phylogeny of macroinvertebrates, fish, and amphibians, we tested whether macroevolutionary relationships across species and taxa are predictive of chloride tolerance. Next, we conducted chloride exposure tests for two amphibian species to assess whether potential contemporary evolutionary change associated with environmental chloride contamination influences chloride tolerance across local populations. We show that explicitly evaluating both macroevolution and contemporary evolution can provide important and even qualitatively different insights from those obtained via traditional ecotoxicological studies. While macroevolutionary perspectives can help forecast toxicological end points for species with untested sensitivities, contemporary evolutionary perspectives demonstrate the need to consider the environmental context of exposed populations when measuring toxicity. Accounting for divergence among populations of interest can provide more accurate and relevant information related to the sensitivity of populations that may be evolving in response to selection from contaminant exposure. Our data show that approaches accounting for and specifically examining variation among natural populations should become standard practice in ecotoxicology.
A POEM, A DANCER, AND A PAINTING: RAINER MARIA RILKE'S ‘SPANISCHE TÄNZERIN’
Authors: Vilain Robert 
Published: June 2017

AbstractsAfter a reading of Rilke's ‘Spanische Tänzerin’ that unpicks the three main layers of imagery and explores how they interact, this article investigates Rilke's relationship with the Spanish painter Ignacio Zuloaga in order to dispel confusions about an event and a painting that are often felt to have inspired the poem. A fourth, poetological interpretative layer is exposed, and via the trope of the poet‐as‐magus, echoes (perhaps conscious) of the 1906 text in poems from the 1920s, and links with Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge are suggested.Nach einer Deutung von Rilkes Gedicht ‘Spanische Tänzerin’, welche das Zusammenwirken der drei Hauptschichten der Bildsprache interpretiert, untersucht dieser Aufsatz Rilkes Verhältnis zum spanischen Maler Ignacio Zuloaga, um Fehlinterpretationen der Bedeutung einer Veranstaltung und eines Gemäldes zu beseitigen, die das Gedicht vermeintlich inspirierten. Eine vierte, poetologische Interpretationsschicht wird zutage gebracht, und schließlich wird durch den Tropus des Dichters‐als‐Magus auf (möglicherweise absichtliche) Anklänge an das 1906 entstandene Gedicht in Texten der 1920er Jahre und auf Beziehungen zu den Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge hingedeutet.
The petrogenesis and implications of deformed late Caledonian–early Hercynian granites in the Wuyi area, South China
Authors: Zhao Xilin , Jiang Yang , Xing Guangfu , Yu Minggang , Liu Kai , Chen Zhihong , Yu Shengyao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPrecambrian basement rocks have been affected by Caledonian thermal metamorphism. Caledonian‐aged zircon grains from Precambrian basement rocks may have resulted from thermal metamorphism. However, Hercynian ages are rarely recorded. Zircon U–Pb Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP) dating reveals that zircon ages from the Huyan, Lingdou, and Pengkou granitic plutons can be divided into two groups: one group with ages of 398.9 ±5.3 Ma, 399 ±5 Ma, and 410.2 ±5.4 Ma; and a second group with ages of 354 ±11 Ma, 364.6 ±6.7 Ma, and 368 ±14 Ma. The group of zircon U–Pb ages dated at 410–400 Ma represent Caledonian magmatism, whereas the 368–354 Ma ages represent the age of deformation, which produced gneissosity. The three plutons share geochemical characteristics with S‐type granites and belong to the high‐K calc‐alkaline series of peraluminous rocks. They have (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.710 45–0.724 68 and εNd(t) values of −7.33 to −10.74, with two‐stage Nd model ages (TDM2) ranging from 1.84 Ga to 2.10 Ga. Magmatic zircon εHf(t) values range from −3.79 to −8.44, and have TDMC ages of 1.65–1.93 Ga. The data suggest that these granites formed by partial melting of Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic continental crust. A collision occurred between the Wuyi and Minyue microcontinents within the Cathaysia Block and formed S‐type granite in the southwest Fujian province. The ca 360 Ma zircon U–Pb ages can represent a newly recognized period of deformation which coincided with the formation of the unified Cathaysia Block.
Association between physical and depressive symptoms during the first 6 months postpartum
Authors: Mori Emi , Iwata Hiroko , Sakajo Akiko , Maehara Kunie , Tamakoshi Koji 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTo examine the relationship between physical symptoms and depressive symptoms among new mothers during the first 6 months postpartum.MethodsProspective cohort study design was used in this study. Participants were recruited in 13 Japanese hospitals between 2012 and 2013. A total of 2709 women (response rate of those invited 71.9%) provided longitudinal data using self‐report questionnaires at 5 time points: during the hospital stay and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months postpartum. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Japanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Also, 37 physical symptoms were measured using a yes‐or‐no checklist. To examine the association between physical symptoms and depressive symptoms, logistic regression analysis was used.ResultsThere was a significant positive association between physical symptoms and depressive symptoms during the first 6 months postpartum. Fifteen physical symptoms were associated with significantly increased odds of depression at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months post‐partum. These symptoms included: loss of appetite, tiredness/languor, and palpitation/shortness of breath.ConclusionMultiple physical symptoms after childbirth were associated with depressive symptomatology. Health professionals should assess for postpartum depression when puerperal women report multiple physical symptoms as independent complaints.
Postpartum maternal function and parenting stress: Comparison by feeding methods
Authors: Maehara Kunie , Mori Emi , Iwata Hiroko , Sakajo Akiko , Aoki Kyoko , Morita Akiko 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThis cross‐sectional and longitudinal study explored primiparous mothers' functioning and parenting stress on the basis of infant‐feeding method over the first 6 months postpartum.MethodsParticipants were Japanese primiparae who delivered live singleton infants (N = 1120). Questionnaires, completed at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months postpartum, included demographics, feeding method, frequency of feedings, time required from infant's feeding to falling asleep, mother's sleep time, Postnatal Accumulated Fatigue Scale, and the original Japanese version of Parenting Stress Short‐Form Scale. Chi‐square tests and Welch F tests for one‐way analysis of variance were conducted.ResultsExclusively breastfeeding mothers fed their infants more frequently, but required less time from infant's feeding to falling asleep than either mixed or formula‐feeding mothers. Mixed feeding mothers required more time for infant feeding and reported more severe fatigue and greater parenting stress than breastfeeding mothers at 1 and 2 months postpartum. Exclusively formula‐feeding mothers required more time to get their infant back to sleep and reported greater parenting stress than the other groups at 6 months postpartum. Nearly 25% of mothers continued breastfeeding exclusively through the first 6 months postpartum. Mothers often changed feeding methods, with many exclusively breastfeeding by 6 months.ConclusionFeeding methods may affect maternal functioning and parenting stress across the postpartum period.
Consensus development of quality indicators for end‐of‐life care for elders in Japan
Authors: Masaki Harue , Kawai Nobuko , Matsumoto Keiko , Kuwata Miyoko , Yoshioka Sachiko , Nishiyama Midori , Uchino Ryoko , Nagae Hiroko , Teshima Megumi , Sakai Sayuri , Endo Kazuko 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAims and objectivesQuality indicators for end‐of‐life care have been published; however, none have been developed specifically for nursing in the cultural and traditional context of Japan. This study aimed to develop and build a consensus of quality indicators for end‐of‐life care for elders in Japan from the perspective of nursing science.MethodsTo develop the quality indicators, we used a literature review, expert panel process, and the Delphi technique among clinical nurse specialists in geriatrics.ResultsQuality indicators were identified in 7 major areas: advance directives and surrogate continuity, ethical daily care, care preferences and decisions about life‐sustaining treatment, assessment and management of pain and other symptoms, daily care for the dying, family care, and institutional systems for end‐of‐life care.ConclusionsThese quality indicators represent the first attempt to develop a best practices approach toward improving the quality of elderly end‐of‐life care in nursing.
ECONOMIC REGULATION OF TARGETING BEHAVIOR IN MULTISPECIES FISHERY
Authors: McKelvey Robert 
Published: June 2017

Fishing vessels, harvesting geographically dispersed and heterogeneous multispecies aggregates, are presumed to target on the most profitable pools. But, this behavior may lead to depletion of biologically valuable species, and consequent early closure by the management agency of the entire fishery.In this article, a simple model is analyzed in order to understand the dynamics of such targeting behavior. Further analysis explores the theoretical extent to which targeting might be altered through economic rationalization measures, landings taxes or quota markets, to achieve a more nearly optimal pattern of exploitation.
ON DEVELOPMENT, FISHERIES AND DYNAMITE: A BRIEF REVIEW OF TROPICAL FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
Authors: Pauly Daniel , Silvestre Geronimo , Smith Ian R. 
Published: June 2017

Some features of underdevelopment in Third World countries are reviewed with emphasis on their impact on fisheries and fisheries management. Poverty in rural communities is highlighted as the key issue preventing rational management of tropical inshore fisheries and shown to be ‐ along with (misguided) export‐oriented development strategies ‐ the root cause for destructive fishing techniques and environmental degradation. Some implications for modelling are outlined.A reorientation of investments towards job creation in fish‐erfolk and other rural communities is advocated as the key aspect of any solution of fisheries problems in Third World countries.
YEAR AROUND CLOSED AREAS AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL
Authors: Polacheck Tom 
Published: June 2017

Year around closed areas or refuges as management mechanisms for controlling fishing mortality are explored using a two‐component, spatial model with movement between areas. The model assesses the fate of a cohort when only a portion of it is vulnerable to fishing. The yield per recruit and spawning stock biomass per recruit are compared for equivalent amounts of fishing effort with and without a refuge.The results indicate that the institution of a closed area can lead to substantial increases in spawning stock biomass realized from a cohort and, as such, could be a viable short‐term management option to reduce overall fishing mortality on an overexploited stock. Yield per recruit with a refuge is a complex function of the size of the refuge, fishing mortality rates and movement rates. The results suggest that the proportional loss in yield per recruit will be less than the initial proportion of the cohort contained within the refuge. In some instances, the yield per recruit with a refuge can exceed the yield per recruit without one, but the net increases are usually small. The size of the refuge needed to achieve a specified gain in spawning biomass depends upon the mobility of the fish. Higher movement rates require a larger refuge to achieve the same increase, but any loss in yield per recruit will be less even though the refuge is larger.The assumptions underlying the model are discussed, and the importance of information on movement rates for assessing the possible effect of closed areas is stressed.
OPTIONS FOR THE REGULATION OF MEDITERRANEAN DEMERSAL FISHERIES
Authors: Caddy J.F. 
Published: June 2017

Research and management actions are reviewed with respect to demersal fisheries of the Mediterranean since the Second World War, as reflected in the activities of the General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean, (GFCM). The scientific background to the priority concern expressed for minimum size limits in the 1960's and 1970's is discussed, and in particular, the mesh selectivity experiments that formed the basis for yield per recruit calculations, with respect to the trawl fishery. More recent considerations, changing our perception of the appropriateness of size at first capture of demersal fish as a management tool in trawl fisheries, are reviewed.It is concluded that for multispecies fisheries where the first priority for fishing effort control is not respected, size limits based on size at maturity, rather than yield per recruit criteria, are more feasible, but that changes in mesh size need to take into account subsequent changes in equity between inshore and offshore fleets, and changes in species composition and areas of distribution during the life history. They also need to consider the high landed value of small fish in many Mediterranean fisheries. Alternative, or supplementary, measures to mesh size regulation that affect capture of small fish are also reviewed, including seasonal closures, closed areas, bans on trawling inshore, and regulations on minimum size at sale.A range of problems to be considered prior to deciding on an increase in mesh size are reviewed, including changes in total effort exerted, changes in increases in fishing power (and especially the impacts on the spawning stock), changes in discard rate, “meshing” of small fish, and indirect mortality during fishing. A strategy for introducing new mesh sizes is suggested, with emphasis, where possible, on the experimental approach, and on supplementary measures to control fishing effort.The paper concludes by considering an alternative paradigm to minimum size regulation for demersal fisheries management; namely, the exploitation of juvenile fish, with provision for escapement of a small proportion of large, mature fish offshore, for which exploitation rate declines and remains low. It is suggested that this strategy may be, de facto, the one prevailing in the small mesh size inshore trawl fishery prior to development of offshore fisheries. The implications of this possibility have to be considered seriously if high effort levels are to be maintained while effective size limits are raised.
SECOND BEST TAXES AND QUOTAS IN NITROGEN REGULATION
Authors: Feinerman Eli , Choi E. Kwan 
Published: June 2017

This paper investigates second best policies to regulate nitrogen leaching. When the policy maker controls the total nitrogen use, an overall tax is superior to an action equivalent overall quota. When the goal is to regulate the expected level of nitrogen leaching, expected profit of a risk neutral farmer is greater under an overall tax than under an overall quota under a reasonable condition.The welfare ranking of action equivalent taxes and quotas for a risk averse farmer is generally ambiguous. In the numerical analyses, overall taxes turned out to be superior to overall quotas with both targets, despite a very high value of absolute risk aversion, 0.01. These results suggest that an overall tax is probably a superior policy to an overall quota to regulate expected total nitrogen use or expected nitrogen leaching for risk neutral and most of risk averse farmers.
FORECASTING MINERAL SUPPLY FROM MINERAL RENT DATA
Authors: Dale Larry L. , Williams Nancy A. 
Published: June 2017

An optimal control model of exhaustible resources is used to clarify the long run relationship between mineral rent and depletion cost at the industry level. A standard first order condition of the time rate of change of rents is reformulated to reveal that rent data may be used to help forecast the rise in extraction costs resulting from resource depletion.This application of the theory of exhaustible resources is illustrated using historical mineral industry rent and extraction cost data. A forecast of U.S. coal extraction costs, following the method proposed in this paper, suggests that future rates of extraction cost increases will be similar to rates experienced in the past.
THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF HIGH SEAS FISHERY RESOURCES UNDER THE NEW LAW OF THE SEA
Authors: Kaitala Veijo , Munro Gordon 
Published: June 2017

The Agreement, arising from the recently concluded U.N. Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, calls for the management of these transboundary resources to be undertaken through regional fisheries management organizations. This paper represents a first attempt to analyze the optimal economic management of straddling/highly migratory stocks under the to‐be‐established regional organizations. Dynamic game theory, commonly used in analyzing the management of “shared” fishery resources, is brought to bear.An obvious question to be raised is whether the analysis applied to “shared” fish stocks management is sufficient for the purpose of examining the management of straddling/highly migratory fish stocks. The analysis is not sufficient for the purpose of examining the cooperative management of straddling/highly migratory fish stocks, because, in contrast to “shared” fish stock management, there is no guarantee that the number and nature of joint exploiters of the resource, in the aforementioned regional organization, will be constant through time. It is the existence of what is termed the “New Member Problem” which most clearly distinguishes the management of straddling/highly migratory fish stocks from the management of “shared” fish stocks. The paper discusses several approaches to addressing the “New Member Problem.”
ENVIRONMENTAL AND FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF FOREST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Authors: Armstrong Glen W. , Novak Frank S. , Adamowicz Wiktor L. 
Published: June 2017

One of the guiding themes for forest management policy throughout much of North America is sustained yield. The basic premise behind this theme is that a constant or nondeclining flow of services from the forest is socially desirable. Unfortunately, the act of capturing the benefits of this service (timber harvesting) often has detrimental effects on the timber‐productive capacity of a forest site. This paper presents a dynamic program that is used to determine the optimal harvest system choice for a timber stand described by average piece size, stand density, a measure of site quality, and stumpage value. The harvest systems are defined by logging costs, reforestation and rehabilitation costs, and the impact of the system on the productivity of the site.An application of the model is presented for lodgepole pine in Alberta. We conclude that, at high discount rates, soil conservation is not economically rational. At lower discount rates, some degree of soil conservation is desirable on the more productive sites. At lower discount rates, there also appears to be an incentive for more intensive forest management. Limitations on acceptable harvest practices can have a large impact on optimal rotation age and the volume harvested. There is a large opportunity cost resulting from a requirement for sustainable volume production because of the impact of harvesting on soil productivity.