bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symbolic Bureaucratic Representation and Client Cooperation: Experimental Insights From Four Daily Public Service Scenarios in China
Authors: Zhang Youlang , Wang Huan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRepresentative bureaucracy studies have explored the potential impact of symbolic representation on clients' attitudes and behaviors, even in the absence of direct action by bureaucrats. Through four original conjoint experiments conducted with a nationally representative sample of 1600 participants in China, we analyze the symbolic representation effects of five most commonly observable identity signals, including gender, age, accent, party affiliation, and human voice (versus AI chatbot), across two types of bureaucrat‐initiated contacts and two types of client‐initiated contacts. Our findings contribute to the existing literature by demonstrating that identity congruence has heterogeneous symbolic representation effects; clients' expectations about active representation serve as a significant mediating factor influencing their willingness to cooperate with bureaucrats.
Improving Clinical Preparedness: Community Health Nurses and Early Hypoglycemia Prediction in Type 2 Diabetes Using Hybrid Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Gaikwad Sachin Ramnath , Bontha Mallikarjun Reddy , Devi Seeta , Dumbre Dipali 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of the study was to analyze the data of diabetic patients regarding warning signs of hypoglycemia to predict it at an early stage using various novel machine learning (ML) algorithms. Individual interviews with diabetic patients were conducted over 6 months to acquire information regarding their experience with hypoglycemic episodes.DesignThis information included warning signs of hypoglycemia, such as incoherent speech, exhaustion, weakness, and other clinically relevant cases of low blood sugar. Researchers used supervised, unsupervised, and hybrid techniques. In supervised techniques, researchers applied regression, while in hybrid classification ML techniques were used. In a 5‐fold cross‐validation approach, the prediction performance of seven models was examined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). We analyzed the data of 290 diabetic patients with low blood sugar episodes.ResultsOur investigation discovered that gradient boosting and neural networks performed better in regression, with accuracies of 0.416 and 0.417, respectively. In classification models, gradient boosting, AdaBoost, and random forest performed better overall, with AUC scores of 0.821, 0.814, and 0.821, individually. Precision values were 0.779, 0.775, and 0.776 for gradient boosting, AdaBoost, and random forest, respectively.ConclusionAdaBoost and Gradient Boosting models, in particular, outperformed all others in predicting the probability of clinically severe hypoglycemia. These techniques enable community health nurses to predict hypoglycemia at an early stage and provide the necessary therapies to patients to prevent complications resulting from hypoglycemia.
A bHLH transcription factor AaMYC2‐type positively regulates glandular trichome density and artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua
Authors: Khan Rameez Ahmad , Kumar Amit , Abbas Nazia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArtemisinin‐based combinational therapies (ACTs) constitute the first line of malaria treatment. However, due to its trichome‐specific biosynthesis, low concentration, and poor understanding of regulatory mechanisms involved in artemisinin biosynthesis and trichome development, it becomes very difficult to meet the increased demand for ACTs. Here, we have reported that a bHLH transcription factor, AaMYC2‐type, plays an important role in regulating GST development and artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. AaMYC2‐type encodes a protein that is transcriptionally active and localised to the nucleus. It is prominently expressed in aerial parts like leaves, stems, inflorescence and least expressed in roots. AaMYC2‐type expression is significantly increased under different hormonal treatments. In transgenic overexpression lines, AaMYC2‐type OE, a significant increase in the expression of trichome development and artemisinin biosynthesis genes was observed. While in knockdown lines, Aamyc2‐type, expression of trichome development and artemisinin biosynthesis genes were significantly reduced. Yeast one‐hybrid assay clearly shows that the AaMYC2‐type directly binds to the E‐boxes in the promoter regions of ADS and CYP71AVI. The SEM microscopy depicted the number of trichomes elevated from 11 mm−2 in AaMYC2‐type OE lines to 6.1 mm−2 in Aamyc2‐type. The final effect of the alteration in biosynthetic and trichome developmental genes was observed in the accumulation of artemisinin. In the AaMYC2‐type OE, the artemisinin content was 12 mg g−1DW, which was reduced to 3.2 mg g−1DW in the Aamyc2‐type. Altogether, the above findings suggest that the AaMYC2‐type play a dual regulating role in controlling both trichome developmental and artemisinin biosynthetic genes.
Latest Triassic Active Aeolian Dune Field Preserved by CAMP‐Related Lava Flows
Authors: Michel Rossano D. L. , Scherer Claiton M. S. , dos Reis Adriano D. , Kifumbi Carrel , Cechetti Ronaldo P. , Jones Fábio H. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFieldwork investigations and stratigraphic analyses in the Parnaíba Basin, northern Brazil, reveal the interaction of the uppermost part of the Triassic Sambaíba aeolian dune field (erg) system with the latest Triassic–earliest Jurassic Mosquito lava flows. The lava flows originated as part of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP, ~201 Ma) and covered the aeolian system, allowing almost complete preservation of large‐scale in situ aeolian bedforms, even preserving lee‐ and stoss‐side. During the emplacement, the lava flows interacted with unconsolidated aeolian sediment, generating sediment–lava deformation features that are preserved at the interface between these units. This occurrence attests to arid conditions in the low latitudes of Gondwana at the Triassic–Jurassic transition.
Longitudinal Associations Between Anxiety in Physical Education and Fitness Among Finnish Adolescents
Authors: Costigan Sarah , Gråstén Arto , Huhtiniemi Mikko , Kolunsarka Iiris , Lubans David R. , Jaakkola Timo 
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study aims to examine associations between changes in physical education, anxiety, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and muscular fitness (MF) in adolescents. Methods: Participants were Finnish students (baseline: n = 1,147; 11.27 [0.32] years). Data were collected over 4 years (2017–2021). CRF was assessed with the 20 m shuttle run, MF using curl-up/push-up tests, and anxiety with the Physical Education State Anxiety Scale. The random intercept cross-lagged panel model, including repeated measures (within-level) and latent levels (between-level) of anxiety in PE, CRF, and MF, was used. The covariates considered were sex, body mass index, and peak height velocity. Results: CRF and anxiety increased, while MF remained stable over time. Lower fitness was associated with greater anxiety (and vice versa). Sex (female), greater body mass index, and undergoing peak height velocity were associated with greater anxiety. Conclusions: Negative experiences in PE are associated with decreased CRF and MF. Effective teaching practices are needed to optimize adolescents’ experiences in PE.
Convergent reductive evolution in bee-associated lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Pontes Ana , Harrison Marie-Claire , Rokas Antonis , Gonçalves Carla 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Distantly related organisms may evolve similar traits when exposed to similar environments or engaging in certain lifestyles. Several members of the Lactobacillaceae [lactic acid bacteria (LAB)] family are frequently isolated from the floral niche, mostly from bees and flowers. In some floral LAB species (henceforth referred to as bee-associated LAB), distinctive genomic (e.g., genome reduction) and phenotypic (e.g., preference for fructose over glucose or fructophily) features were recently documented. These features are found across distantly related species, raising the hypothesis that specific genomic and phenotypic traits evolved convergently during adaptation to the floral environment. To test this hypothesis, we examined representative genomes of 369 species of bee-associated and non-bee-associated LAB. Phylogenomic analysis unveiled seven independent ecological shifts toward the bee environment in LAB. In these species, we observed significant reductions of genome size, gene repertoire, and GC content. Using machine leaning, we could distinguish bee-associated from non-bee-associated species with 94% accuracy, based on the absence of genes involved in metabolism, osmotic stress, or DNA repair. Moreover, we found that the most important genes for the machine learning classifier were seemingly lost, independently, in multiple bee-associated lineages. One of these genes, acetaldehyde–alcohol dehydrogenase (
adhE
), encodes a bifunctional aldehyde–alcohol dehydrogenase which has been associated with the evolution of fructophily, a rare phenotypic trait that is pervasive across bee-associated LAB species. These results suggest that the independent evolution of distinctive phenotypes in bee-associated LAB has been largely driven by independent losses of the same sets of genes.

IMPORTANCE
Several LAB species are intimately associated with bees and exhibit unique biochemical properties with potential for food applications and honeybee health. Using a machine learning-based approach, our study shows that adaptation of LAB to the bee environment was accompanied by a distinctive genomic trajectory deeply shaped by gene loss. Several of these gene losses occurred independently in distantly related species and are linked to some of their unique biotechnologically relevant traits, such as the preference for fructose over glucose (fructophily). This study underscores the potential of machine learning in identifying fingerprints of adaptation and detecting instances of convergent evolution. Furthermore, it sheds light onto the genomic and phenotypic particularities of bee-associated bacteria, thereby deepening the understanding of their positive impact on honeybee health.
Fpa (YlaN) is an iron(II) binding protein that functions to relieve Fur-mediated repression of gene expression in
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Boyd Jeffrey M. , Ryan Kaler Kylie , Esquilín-Lebrón Karla , Pall Ashley , Campbell Courtney J. , Foley Mary E. , Rios-Delgado Gustavo , Mustor Emilee M. , Stephens Timothy G. , Bovermann Hannah , Greco Todd M. , Cristea Ileana M. , Carabetta Valerie J. , Beavers William N. , Bhattacharya Debashish , Skaar Eric P. , Shaw Lindsey N. , Stemmler Timothy L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Iron (Fe) is a trace nutrient required by nearly all organisms. As a result of the demand for Fe and the toxicity of non-chelated cytosolic ionic Fe, regulatory systems have evolved to tightly balance Fe acquisition and usage while limiting overload. In most bacteria, including the mammalian pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus
, the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is the primary transcriptional regulator controlling the transcription of genes that code for Fe uptake and utilization proteins. Fpa (formerly YlaN) was demonstrated to be essential in
Bacillus subtilis
unless excess Fe is added to the growth medium, suggesting a role in Fe homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that Fpa is essential in
S. aureus
upon Fe deprivation. Null
fur
alleles bypassed the essentiality of Fpa. The absence of Fpa abolished the derepression of Fur-regulated genes during Fe limitation. Bioinformatic analyses suggest that
fpa
was recruited to Gram-positive bacteria and, once acquired, was maintained in the genome as it co-evolved with Fur. Consistent with a role for Fpa in alleviating Fur-dependent repression, Fpa and Fur interacted
in vivo
, and Fpa decreased the DNA-binding ability of Fur
in vitro
. Fpa bound Fe(II)
in vitro
using oxygen or nitrogen ligands with an association constant that is consistent with a physiological role in Fe homeostasis. These findings have led to a model wherein Fpa is an Fe(II) binding protein that influences Fur-dependent regulation through direct interaction.

IMPORTANCE

Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for nearly all organisms. If Fe homeostasis is not maintained, Fe may accumulate in the cytosol, which can be toxic. Questions remain about how cells efficiently balance Fe uptake and usage to prevent overload. Iron uptake and proper metalation of proteins are essential processes in the mammalian bacterial pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus
. Understanding the gene products involved in the genetic regulation of Fe uptake and usage and the physiological adaptations that
S. aureus
uses to survive in Fe-depleted conditions provides insight into pathogenesis. Herein, we demonstrate that the DNA-binding activity of the ferric uptake regulator transcriptional repressor is alleviated under Fe limitation, but uniquely, in
S. aureus
, alleviation requires the presence of Fpa.
Diagnostic effectiveness of the Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool 1 supplemented with a brief clinical intake interview in a cohort of Polish elite Olympic athletes
Authors: Waleriańczyk Wojciech , Krzywański Jarosław , Gorgol Joanna , Konopka Katarzyna , Kuśmierczyk Agata , Lisek Grzegorz , Maleszka Piotr , Sławińska Małgorzata , Surała Olga , Więcław Grzegorz , Wójcik Katarzyna , Krysztofiak Hubert 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveSeveral studies have used the Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool 1 (SMHAT-1) among athletes but none have combined SMHAT-1 with a subsequent clinical intake interview. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of SMHAT-1 supplemented by a brief, in-person clinical intake interview in evaluating the prevalence of mental health concerns in elite athletes.MethodsSections 1 and 2 from SMHAT-1 were administered in person during the routine biannual medical check-up for Olympic athletes at the National Centre for Sports Medicine in Poland. Immediately after completing the measures, all athletes were interviewed by qualified psychologists who evaluated their mental health and provided recommendations.ResultsA total of 1121 elite athletes (545 female, 576 male) aged 18–53 (M=24.39, SD=5.09) were evaluated 2–8 months before the 2024 Paris Olympic Games; 72.4% scored above the triage threshold and 51% were positively screened in SMHAT-1’s section 2. Based on the subsequent mental health evaluation, only 9.5% showed signs of persistent mental health concerns and required referral to a mental health specialist. In 24.2%, their distress levels/symptoms were assessed as occasional and normal in relation to demands, and they underwent a psychoeducational intervention or were advised to consult a sports psychologist. Female athletes scored significantly higher in most questionnaires.ConclusionSMHAT-1 proved a useful addition to the routine medical check-ups for elite athletes. Extending SMHAT-1 with a brief clinical intake interview substantially elevated the efficacy of the mental health evaluation, with an additional benefit of raising mental health literacy.
Firearm-related threats before migrating to the USA from Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Weigend Vargas Eugenio , Goldstick Jason , Vargas Laura 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundEvery year, thousands of people from Latin America and the Caribbean are migrating to the USA. Policy-makers have argued that US firearms are fuelling violence in these countries and are contributing to migration. The objective of this article is to examine the proportion of immigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean arriving at the US border who have previously been threatened with a firearm. This article further explores sociodemographic factors associated with the likelihood of previous firearm-related threats, whether those threats are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as the reasons behind those threats.MethodsData were obtained from a survey of migrants recruited at the southern US border from March 2022 to August 2023. To be selected, respondents had to be 18 years of age or older, had to speak English or Spanish and come from a Latin American or Caribbean country. We used descriptive statistics and a logistic regression.ResultsWe analysed 321 cases. Roughly, 48% of respondents reported previous firearm-related threats. Males and respondents coming from Honduras, Venezuela and El Salvador were more likely to report previous firearm-related threats. There was a strong association between previous firearm-related threats and signs of post-traumatic stress disorder. Most threats occurred during robberies or extortions, but other threats were perpetrated by authorities, to prevent crime reporting, or by intimate partners.ConclusionUnderstanding the violence, particularly firearm-related violence, experienced by those migrating to the USA from Latin America and the Caribbean could help guide policy discussion and actions.
Life’s a ditch: demographic history and environmental factors shape fine-scale local adaptation within small populations of brook trout
Authors: Jeon Hyung-Bae , Yates Matthew , Gallagher Brian K. , Fraser Dylan J. 
Published: October 2024

Many studies have investigated the loss of adaptive potential in endangered or exploited species experiencing recent population declines. Less research has studied adaptive genomic variation in small populations known to have persisted for long periods, despite the unique contribution that such populations provide for determining mechanisms underlying population persistence in evolutionary and conservation modeling. Small populations of Brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis) have persisted in Cape Race, Newfoundland for >12 000 years. We used genotyping-by-sequencing data to investigate the demographic history and adaptive genomic variation of 26 populations with effective population sizes ( Ne) ranging from 11 to 442, and to explore mechanisms underlying long-term persistence. We show that all populations experienced demographic declines following postglacial colonization but have remained in their current, small Ne state for thousands of years. We also reveal greater homozygosity in adaptive alleles within the smallest populations and found signatures of adaptive divergence in small populations relating to several abiotic and biotic factors. Our study illustrates how the demographic history of a species can influence the adaptive dynamics of small populations persisting over long time periods.
A typology of potential hydraulic barriers to adult salmon migration in a bedrock river
Authors: Wright Morgan J. , Hurson Max , Robinson Kendra A. , Patterson David A. , Venditti Jeremy G. 
Published: October 2024

Adult Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Fraser River, British Columbia, can die trying to retrace and ascend the river network to their natal spawning grounds due to hydraulic barriers, where encounter velocities exceed swim speeds of adult salmon. We evaluated river hydraulics, river morphology, and swimming ability to better understand these potential hydraulic barriers. A 375 km centreline velocity survey of the Fraser Canyon identified 22 high velocity locations where the distribution of velocity within the reach could produce a hydraulic barrier. We identified and studied three flow types associated with these 22 high velocity locations: (1) plunging flows, (2) rapids, and (3) overfalls, using drone footage at various discharges to examine flow structure and compare surface velocities with swimming modes. Complex flow within the major hydraulic features highlights the spatial locations requiring anaerobic swimming and areas of potential recovery that change with discharge. This approach can be used to improve the understanding of fish migration limits in a natural river system and aid in future mitigation.
The Circadian Brain and Cognition
Authors: Cajochen Christian , Schmidt Christina 
Published: October 2024

Circadian rhythms are inherent to living organisms from single cells to humans and operate on a genetically determined cycle of approximately 24 hours. These endogenous rhythms are aligned with the external light/dark cycle of the Earth's rotation and offer the advantage of anticipating environmental changes. Circadian rhythms act directly on human cognition and indirectly through their fundamental influence on sleep/wake cycles. The strength of the circadian regulation of performance depends on the accumulated sleep debt and the cognitive domain, and it has been suggested to involve the activation of ascending arousal systems and their interaction with attention and other cognitive processes. In addition, attention-related cortical responses show extensive circadian rhythms, the phases of which vary across brain regions. This review discusses the impact of the circadian system on sleep/wake regulation and cognitive performance. It further addresses the health implications of circadian disruption, particularly in relation to mental and neurological disorders.
DNA-PK Inhibition Shows Differential Radiosensitization in Orthotopic GBM PDX Models Based on DDR Pathway Deficits
Authors: Dragojevic Sonja , Smith Emily J. , Regan Michael S. , Stopka Sylwia A. , Baquer Gerard , Xue Zhiyi , Zhang Wenjuan , Connors Margaret A. , Kloeber Jake A. , Hu Zeng , Bakken Katrina K. , Ott Lauren L. , Carlson Brett L. , Burgenske Danielle M. , Decker Paul A. , Tian Shulan , Gupta Shiv K. , Laverty Daniel J. , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E. , Elmquist William F. , Agar Nathalie Y.R. , Nagel Zachary D. , Sarkaria Jann N. , Callaghan Cameron M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most therapy-resistant malignancies with frequent local failures despite aggressive surgery, chemotherapy, and ionizing radiation (IR). Small molecule inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKi) are potent radiosensitizers currently in clinical trials. Determining which patients may benefit from radiosensitization with DNA-PKi is critical to avoid unnecessary increased risk of normal tissue toxicity. In this study, we used GBM patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in orthotopic murine models to study the relationship between molecular features, pharmacokinetics, and the radiosensitizing potential of the DNA-PKi peposertib. We show that peposertib radiosensitizes established and PDX GBM lines in vitro at 300 nmol/L and above, with a significant increase in radiosensitization by maintaining post-IR exposure for &gt;12 hours. Radiosensitization by peposertib is mediated by catalytic inhibition of DNA-PK, and knockdown of DNA-PK by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) largely abolished the radiosensitizing effect. Peposertib decreased auto-phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs after IR in a dose-dependent manner with a delay in resolution of γH2AX foci at 24 hours. The addition of peposertib to IR significantly increased survival in GBM120 orthotopic xenografts, but not in GBM10. There was no difference in plasma or average tumor concentrations of peposertib in the two cohorts. Although the mechanism underpinning this discordant effect in vitro versus in vivo is not clear, there was an association for greater sensitization in TP53 mutant lines. Transfection of a dominant-negative TP53 mutant in baseline TP53 wild-type GBM lines significantly delayed growth and decreased nonhomologous end joining efficiency (but not homologous recombination), after peposertib exposure.