bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital pharmacy medication reconciliation practice in Jordan: perceptions and barriers
Authors: Hammour Khawla Abu , Farha Rana Abu , Basheti Iman 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe primary aim of this study is to gain an insight into hospital pharmacists' current practice and perceptions towards medicine reconciliation and to identify common challenges preventing pharmacists from providing this service.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted over 2 months (September–October 2015) at four Jordanian hospitals accredited by the Joint International Commission. A total of 76 pharmacists were recruited. Each pharmacist completed a validated structured questionnaire evaluating (1) pharmacist's current practice of medication reconciliation, (2) pharmacist's perceptions towards practicing medication reconciliation and (3) pharmacist's perceived barriers towards implementing medication reconciliation.ResultsThere was relatively low awareness of the presence of current medication reconciliation policy in the hospitals. The majority of recruited pharmacists believed that pharmacists must have an integral role in providing such services to patients. They were also willing and able to provide help and support to all healthcare providers regarding the appropriateness of prescribed medications. It was evident that the greater the practice of medication reconciliation services and the higher the educational level, the better the overall perception score (r = 0.416 and r = 0.366, respectively; P‐value = 0.000 for both). ‘Time constraint’ was the primary barrier discouraging pharmacists from practicing such service.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a relatively low awareness of the concept and policy of medication reconciliation process among Jordanian pharmacists. This suggests that educational programs are urgently needed to increase pharmacists' role and responsibilities in implementing and practicing reconciliation services with expected positive impact on patient care.
Chronic hepatitis C burden and care cascade in Australia in the era of interferon‐based treatment
Authors: Hajarizadeh Behzad , Grebely Jason , McManus Hamish , Estes Chris , Razavi Homie , Gray Richard T , Alavi Maryam , Amin Janaki , McGregor Skye , Sievert William , Thompson Alexander , Dore Gregory J 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground and AimInterferon‐free direct‐acting antiviral regimens for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been recently available in Australia, beginning a new era in clinical and public health management of HCV infection. This study provided updated estimates of the HCV infection care cascade and burden in Australia as a reliable platform for assessing the future impact of interferon‐free therapies.MethodsA modeling approach was applied to estimate the number of individuals living with chronic HCV infection and with various liver disease stages. Data from national registries of HCV notification and liver transplantation, literature review, and expert consensus informed the model parameters. HCV notification and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data were used to estimate the number of HCV diagnosed individuals and treatment uptake.ResultsIn 2014, an estimated 230 470 individuals (range: 180 490–243 990) were living with HCV, among whom 75% were diagnosed (n = 172 720; range: 156 720–188 770), 20% had ever received treatment (n = 45 000; range: 39 280–50 720), and 11% had been cured (n = 24 750; range: 21 520–27 990). Among individuals with HCV infection, the proportion with hepatic fibrosis stage ≥F3 doubled during the last decade, increasing from 9% (n = 18 580) in 2004 to 19% (n = 44,730) in 2014. Individuals initiating HCV treatment increased from 1100 in 1997 to 3840 in 2007, plateaued until 2010 and decreased to 2790 in 2014.ConclusionsThe burden of HCV‐related liver disease has increased markedly. Although the proportion diagnosed was high, treatment uptake remained low, with no increase over the last 7 years. Reducing the HCV burden in Australia requires scale‐up of interferon‐free HCV therapies.
Sustainable Global Agrifood Supply Chains: Exploring the Barriers
Authors: Gold Stefan , Kunz Nathan , Reiner Gerald 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe article investigates the factors that make businesses postpone integrating the performance dimension of sustainability in global agrifood supply chains. Based on literature‐based conceptual reasoning, the article conceptualizes a double company lens distinguishing between substantial supply chain management and mere public relations endeavors as a major obstacle for businesses pursuing comprehensive supply chain performance in global agrifood chains. We point out that many supply chain performance attributes represent, in fact, credence attributes that cannot be verified by the consumer, hence entailing an information asymmetry between the company and its consumers. Rational business responses to this situation tend to focus on symbolic actions and communication efforts by means of sustainability reports and other brand‐enhancing marketing tools that may be decoupled from substantial operations and supply chain improvements. The research propositions developed have partly been corroborated by a content analysis of annual and sustainability reports of four major agrifood companies (Nestlé, PepsiCo, Unilever, and Mondelez International). The conceptual arguments and empirical analysis presented in the article may serve as the basis for managers and academics to develop innovative inter‐ and intraorganizational business processes that reconcile trade‐offs between various agrifood supply chain performance dimensions, thus pushing the performance frontier outward, and that provide the necessary transparency for overcoming the currently adverse setting of incentives inherent in the food production, processing, retailing, and consumption system.
Activities Patients and Nurses Undertake to Promote Patient Participation
Authors: Tobiano Georgia , Marshall Andrea , Bucknall Tracey , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo describe and understand activities patients and nurses undertake to enact patient participation in nursing care.DesignThis observational study was conducted on two medical units at a public hospital in Australia. Twenty‐eight nurse–patient dyads were observed for at least 4 hr. Data were collected from November 2013 to February 2014.MethodsField notes were collected and were analyzed both inductively and deductively.FindingsNurse–patient interactions promoted patient participation through dialogue and knowledge sharing. Less evident was patient involvement in planning or self‐care. Nurses exerted control over patient care, which influenced the extent of patient participation.ConclusionsPatient participation appears to be difficult to enact. Nurses’ controlling approach, influenced by organizational issues, was in conflict with a patient‐centered approach to care. Nurse–patient communication is one aspect of patient‐centered care enacted more frequently.Clinical RelevanceNurses may benefit from strategies at the individual and organizational level to enhance their patient‐centered practices. Fostering nurses’ communication may enhance patient‐centered practices in hospitals.
Flow Signals: Evidence from Patent and Alliance Portfolios in the US Biopharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Caner Turanay , Bruyaka Olga , Prescott John E. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIntegrating signalling theory and the portfolio diversity literature, we theorize that diversity in a firm's patent and alliance portfolios sends contrasting flow signals impacting its market value in a nuanced way. Diversity in an alliance portfolio mediates the patent portfolio diversity – market value relationship by suppressing the negative effect of patent portfolio diversity creating an overall positive effect. We test our mediation model on a longitudinal set of 225 US biopharmaceutical firms that were awarded 17,078 patents and participated in 37,744 alliances between 1990 and 2006. Our theory and findings contribute three novel insights. First, we demonstrate the value of a temporal lens in explaining why diversity in a firm's patent and alliance portfolios send flow signals that establish expectations among market observers and have performance implications. Second, establishing that patent and alliance portfolio diversity are temporally sequenced provides compelling evidence for the value of studying multiple types of portfolios, their temporal relationships and effects on firm outcomes. Third, since diversity in a firm's portfolios can send contrasting flow signals conditioned on the cognitive demands and proximity involved in interpreting the signals, firms that do not maintain a ‘signalling fit’ with market observers increase the probability of unintentional negative signalling effects.
Living my narrative: storying dishonesty and deception in mental health nursing
Authors: Grant Alec J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article proceeds from MacIntyre's moral philosophical perspective of individual human lives constituting unified narratives, in the context of co‐evolving framing and guiding master narratives. This perspective accords specific episodes in people's lives the status of significant component parts of their developing, storied and enacted individual histories. From this philosophical base, autoethnographic principles will be employed in providing accounts from my own professional life narrative strand as a mental health nurse educator that speak to the issue of institutionalized dishonesty and deception in mental health nursing education and practice. On the basis of my pre‐existing experience of publishing in nursing journals and scholarly identity, my argument will proceed from contesting the idea of an imagined stable foundational professional ethos underpinning mental health nursing practice, against which to judge professional dishonesty and deception. Using illustrative, relatively recent short stories, drawn from my lived‐experience base as a mental health nurse educator, I will argue throughout at implicit and explicit levels that dishonesty and deception are always an inevitable part of the lives of mental health nurses and their educators. This is because of a constant gap between the nursing rhetoric and ideology that both groups espouse and how they actually behave on a day‐to‐day, mundane level, in and out of work and classroom practice. This gap shows up the public front of what mental health nursing is supposed to be about as dishonest and deceitful window dressing. I will assert that the many first‐person, lived‐experience accounts in mental health nursing teaching and publication are important educational resources in reducing this gap at professional practice, academic, and informal levels. Such storied accounts may also be useful in moving nurses and their educators towards more morally and ethically sensitive and reflexively attuned positions around what they talk and write into existence.
Pediatric perioperative adverse events requiring rapid response: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Schleelein Laura E. , Vincent Ariel M. , Jawad Abbas F. , Pruitt Eric Y. , Kreher Genna D. , Rehman Mohamed A. , Goebel Theodora K. , Cohen David E. , Cook‐Sather Scott D. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundPerioperative pediatric adverse events have been challenging to study within and across institutions due to varying definitions, low event rates, and incomplete capture.AimThe aim of this study was to determine perioperative adverse event prevalence and to evaluate associated case characteristics and potential contributing factors at an academic pediatric quaternary‐care center.MethodsAt the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), perioperative adverse events requiring rapid response assistance are termed Anesthesia Now (AN!) events. They have been accurately captured and entered into a quality improvement database since 2010. Adverse events involving open heart and cardiac catheterization cases are managed separately and not included in this database. We conducted a retrospective case–control study utilizing Compurecord (Phillips Healthcare, Andover, MA,USA),EPIC(EPIC, Verona, WI,USA), and Chartmaxx (MedPlus, Mason, OH,USA) systems matchingAN! event cases to noncardiac controls (1 : 2) based on surgical date.ResultsFrom April 16, 2010 to September 25, 2012, we documented 213AN! events in the noncardiac perioperative complex and remote sites at our main hospital.AN! prevalence was 0.0043 (1 : 234) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.0037, 0.0049). Respiratory events, primarily laryngospasm, were most common followed by events of cardiovascular etiology. Median age was lower in theAN! group than in controls, 2.86 years (interquartile range 0.94, 10.1) vs 6.20 (2.85, 13.1),P< 0.0001. Odds ratios (with 95%CI) for age, 0.969 (0.941, 0.997); American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, 1.67 (1.32, 2.12); multiple (≥2) services, 2.27 (1.13, 4.55); nonoperating room vs operating room location, 0.240 (0.133, 0.431); and attending anesthesiologist's experience, 0.976 (0.959, 0.992) were all significant.ConclusionsDecreased age, increased comorbidities, multiple (vs single) surgical services, operating room (vs nonoperating room) location, and decreased staff experience were associated with increased risk ofAN! events, which were predominantly respiratory in origin.
Comparison of anesthetic agents on otoacoustic emissions in children: propofol vs ketamine
Authors: Gungor Gurcan , Sutas Bozkurt Pervin , Yener Haydar M. , Yilmaz Yetkin Z. , Sarı Elif , Atas Ahmet , Yilar Selma , Hayir Duygu 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundOtoacoustic emission (OAE) tests are important evaluation tools for diagnosis of peripheral auditory pathology. Sedation or general anesthesia may be required for the performance of the OAE tests. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the effects of anesthetic agents, propofol and ketamine, on OAEs in children.MethodsFifty healthy children who underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy under general anesthesia were included in this study. Three anesthesia induction protocols were defined for this study and the anesthesiologist applied his or her own choice. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion‐product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were automatically recorded in both ears of each patient prior to anesthetic (predrug) and following the loss of consciousness 5 min later (postdrug) by an audiologist blinded to the method of anesthesia. Acceptable TEOAEs were defined as signal noise ratio (S/N) of above 3 dB SPL (decibel sound pressure level) and DPOAEs of 6 dB SPL or above. Between‐group and within‐group comparisons and correlations were performed for statistical analysis.ResultsRetrospective review of the anesthesia charts from 44 cases that completed the study showed that propofol, ketamine, and sevoflurane induction protocols were used in 21, 18, and 5 cases, respectively. Measurements of 36 ears in the propofol group and 34 ears in the ketamine group were included in the final analysis. Postdrug TEOAE and DPOAE amplitudes were significantly lower than predrug amplitudes except at 8 kHz in the ketamine group. There was no significant statistical difference in postdrug DPOAE measurements between propofol and ketamine groups but a significant difference was observed at 2 and 3 kHz of postdrug TEOAE measurements. TEOAE measurements were below 3 dB in 8 of 34 ears after ketamine and in 1 of 36 ears after propofol administration. There was a significant difference between the groups with respect to the incidence of successful measurements of TEOAEs. The DPOAE measurements were affected less by these drugs.ConclusionDPOAE measurements were reduced similarly by propofol and ketamine anesthesia. Lower false outcome ratio in TEOAE measurements made propofol a better option than ketamine.
Linking dominant Hawaiian tree species to understory development in recovering pastures via impacts on soils and litter
Authors: Yelenik Stephanie G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLarge areas of tropical forest have been cleared and planted with exotic grass species for use as cattle pasture. These often remain persistent grasslands after grazer removal, which is problematic for restoring native forest communities. It is often hoped that remnant and/or planted trees can jump‐start forest succession; however, there is little mechanistic information on how different canopy species affect community trajectories. To investigate this, I surveyed understory communities, exotic grass biomass, standing litter pools, and soil properties under two dominant canopy trees—Metrosideros polymorpha (‘ōhi‘a) and Acacia koa (koa)—in recovering Hawaiian forests. I then used structural equation models (SEMs) to elucidate direct and indirect effects of trees on native understory. Native understory communities developed under ‘ōhi‘a, which had larger standing litter pools, lower soil nitrogen, and lower exotic grass biomass than koa. This pattern was variable, potentially due to historical site differences and/or distance to intact forest. Koa, in contrast, showed little understory development. Instead, data suggest that increased soil nitrogen under koa leads to high grass biomass that stalls native recruitment. SEMs suggested that indirect effects of trees via litter and soils were as or more important than direct effects for determining native cover. It is suggested that diverse plantings which incorporate species that have high carbon to nitrogen ratios may help ameliorate the negative indirect effects of koa on natural understory regeneration.
Is there Causal Relationship between Money Supply Growth and Inflation in China? Evidence from Quantity Theory of Money
Authors: Su Chi‐Wei , Fan Jiao‐Jiao , Chang Hsu‐Ling , Li Xiao‐Lin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study examines the causal relationship between Chinese money supply growth and inflation, using the bootstrap Granger full‐sample causality test and sub‐sample rolling‐window estimation test to determine whether such a relationship in China supports the quantity theory of money. The result indicates that there is a unidirectional relationship from inflation to money supply growth. However, considering structural changes in two series, we find that short‐run relationships using full‐sample data are unstable, which suggests that full‐sample causality tests cannot be relied upon. Then, we use a time‐varying rolling‐window approach to revisit the dynamic causal relationship, and the results show that money supply growth has both positive and negative impacts on inflation in several sub‐periods, and in turn, inflation has the same effects on money supply growth for China. These findings are basically consistent with the modern quantity theory of money from the perspective of money supply and price level. When money supply growth does not outweigh output growth, inflation should not be curbed only by decreasing money supply. It notes that a stable money supply growth is critical to price level stability and economic development in China.
Longevity, Fertility and Economic Growth: Do Environmental Factors Matter?
Authors: Varvarigos Dimitrios , Zakaria Intan Zanariah 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOur study examines the effect of environmental factors on the economic decisions regarding fertility. We incorporate health‐damaging pollution into a three period overlapping generations model in which life expectancy, fertility and economic growth are all endogenous. We show that environmental factors can cause significant changes to the economy's demographics. In particular, the entrepreneurial choice of less polluting production processes, induced by a tax on emissions, can at some point in time lead to such changes as higher longevity and lower fertility rates. Thus, we provide a novel explanation on the positive relation between fertility rates and pollution. According to this, the causality on this relation may also work from the latter to the former. Furthermore, our model can account for the empirically observed N‐shaped correlation between pollution and income per capita.
Inequality Stagnation in Latin America in the Aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Cord Louise , Barriga‐Cabanillas Oscar , Lucchetti Leonardo , Rodríguez‐Castelán Carlos , Sousa Liliana D. , Valderrama Daniel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBetween 2003 and 2010, Latin America experienced a solid record of economic growth, coupled with a notable reduction in income inequality. The regional Gini coefficient fell from 0.556 to 0.521 and declined in all 15 out of 17 countries in which frequent data are available. However, previous studies have warned about problems in the sustainability of the decline in income inequality and this study presents evidence of stagnation on this front between 2010 and 2013. The results are robust to various measures of income inequality, but differ across the region. While largely attributable to the recovery from the global financial crisis in Mexico and some countries in Central America, the results are also supported by the demonstrated slowdown in inequality reduction in other countries, including Brazil, Ecuador and Bolivia.
The Incidence of Child Health Improvements
Authors: Sahn David E. , Younger Stephen D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEconomic growth accelerated during the first decade of the 2000s in many poor countries, especially in Africa. This welcome news is widely discussed, even in the popular press. Yet as economies grow, some analysts express concerns that such growth is not having as significant an impact on poverty as one would hope. Analysts and policymakers ask whether this growth is adequately pro‐poor, shared, or inclusive. Less noticed is that improvements in children's health are accelerating, too. This paper examines the extent to which these health improvements are equitably shared or “inclusive.” We use a descriptive method, which is analogous to growth incidence curves, and apply it to eight countries from Africa, Asia and Latin America. We draw two principal conclusions. First, within countries, health improvements often have a different distribution than income/expenditure growth, and that distribution is usually more hopeful in the sense that it is more likely to be strongly pro‐poor than the distribution of income growth. Second, we have yet to see clear patterns in terms of the within‐country relationship between growth incidence curves and health improvement incidence curves. Thus, one cannot rely on the information in the growth incidence curve to infer the inclusiveness of health improvements.
Memory in pregnancy and post‐partum: Item specific and relational encoding processes in recall and recognition
Authors: Spataro Pietro , Saraulli Daniele , Oriolo Debora , Costanzi Marco , Zanetti Humberto , Cestari Vincenzo , Rossi‐Arnaud Clelia 
Published: May 2016

It has been recently proposed that pregnant women would perform memory tasks by focusing more on item‐specific processes and less on relational processing, compared to post‐partum women (Mickes, Wixted, Shapiro & Scarff, ). The present cross‐sectional study tested this hypothesis by directly manipulating the type of encoding employed in the study phase. Pregnant, post‐partum and control women either rated the pleasantness of word meaning (which induced item‐specific elaboration) or named the semantic category to which they belonged (which induced relational elaboration). Memory for the encoded words was later tested in free recall (which emphasizes relational processing) and in recognition (which emphasizes item‐specific processing). In line with Mickes et al.'s () conclusions, pregnant women in the item‐specific condition performed worse than post‐partum women in the relational condition in free recall, but not in recognition. However, compared to the other two groups, pregnant women also exhibited lower recognition accuracy in the item‐specific condition. Overall, these results confirm that pregnant women rely on relational encoding less than post‐partum women, but additionally suggest that the former group might use item‐specific processes less efficiently than post‐partum and control women.