bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hawthorne effect in direct observation research with physicians and patients
Authors: Goodwin Meredith A. , Stange Kurt C. , Zyzanski Stephen J. , Crabtree Benjamin F. , Borawski Elaine A. , Flocke Susan A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThis study examines the degree to which a “Hawthorne effect” alters outpatient‐visit content.MethodsTrained research nurses directly observed 4454 visits to 138 family physicians. Multiple data sources were used to examine the Hawthorne effect including differences in medical record documentation for observed visits and the prior visit by the same patient, time use during visits on the first versus the second observation day of each physician, and report by the patient, physician, and observer of the effect of observation.ResultsVisits on the first versus the second observation day were longer by an average of 1 minute (P < .001); there were time‐use differences for 4 of 20 behaviour categories evaluated. No effect of the observer on the interaction was reported by 74% of patients and 55% of physicians. Most of those that reported an affect indicated it was slight. Patients with non‐White race, lower‐educational level, and poorer health were more likely to report being affected by the observer.ConclusionsIn a study that was designed to minimize the Hawthorne effect, the presence of an observer had little effect on most patient‐physician visits but appeared to at least slightly effect a subgroup of vulnerable patients.
rdxA, frxA, and efflux pump in metronidazole‐resistant Helicobacter pylori: Their relation to clinical outcomes
Authors: Lee Sun Min , Kim Nayoung , Kwon Yong Hwan , Nam Ryoung Hee , Kim Jung Mogg , Park Jong Youn , Lee Yeon Suk , Lee Dong Ho 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and AimrdxA and frxA mutations and enhancement of efflux pump have been suggested as the cause of metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori. This study was performed to investigate the resistance mechanisms related to clinical eradication outcome, and to examine direct involvement of hefA in metronidazole‐resistant isolates with intact rdxA and frxA.MethodsA total of 53 H. pylori‐positive patients who were treated with metronidazole‐containing sequential or quadruple therapy from 2011 to 2015 were enrolled. The metronidazole susceptibility of H. pylori isolates was examined by agar dilution test. Mutations in rdxA and frxA, were analyzed with DNA sequencing, and impact of hefA on metronidazole resistance was examined with quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, knockout and genetic complementation test for hefA.ResultsSeven mutation types of rdxA and/or frxA were found in H. pylori isolated from non‐eradicated subjects. rdxA mutation was associated with eradication failure (P = 0.002), and nonsense mutation in rdxA reduced eradication efficacy (P = 0.009). hefA expression was significantly higher in resistant isolates (P < 0.001), especially in rdxA(−)frxA(−) as compared to rdxA(+)frxA(+) (P = 0.027). Resistant isolates with no mutation in rdxA and frxA became susceptible after hefA knockout. Genetic complementation for hefA recovered metronidazole resistance in all of three hefA knockout mutants.ConclusionsThese results suggest that rdxA mutations play a critical role in metronidazole resistance as well as the outcomes of eradication therapy. In addition, hefA seems to be directly involved in metronidazole resistance, which explains the resistance in clinical isolates with intact rdxA and frxA.
Disparities in Treatment of Older Adults with Suicide Risk in the Emergency Department
Authors: Arias Sarah A. , Boudreaux Edwin D. , Segal Daniel L. , Miller Ivan , Camargo Carlos A. , Betz Marian E. 
Published: July 2017

Background/ObjectiveWe described characteristics and treatment received for older (≥60 years) vs younger (<60 years) adult emergency department (ED) patients with suicide risk.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingAn ED with universal screening for suicide risk.ParticipantsEligible charts included a random sample of adults (≥18 years) who screened positive for suicidal ideation (SI) in past 2 weeks and/or a suicide attempt (SA) within the past 6 months. Visit dates were from May 2014 to September 2016.ResultsA total of 800 charts were reviewed, with oversampling of older adults. Of the 200 older adults sampled, fewer older adults compared to younger adults (n = 600) had a chief complaint involving psychiatric behavior (53% vs 70%) or self‐harm behavior (26% vs 36%). Although a higher number of older adults (93%) had documentation of current SI compared to younger adults (79%), fewer older adults (17%) reported SA in the past 2 weeks compared to younger adults (23%). Of those with a positive suicide screen who were discharged home, less than half of older adults received a mental health evaluation during their visit (42%, 95% CI 34–52) compared to 66% (95% CI 61–70) of younger adults who met the same criteria. Similarly, fewer older, than younger, adult patients with current SI/SA received referral resources (34%; 95% CI 26–43; vs 60%; 95% CI 55–65).ConclusionsSignificantly fewer suicidal older adult patients who were discharged home received a mental health evaluation when compared to similar younger adults. These findings highlight an important area for improvement in the treatment of older adults at risk for suicide.
The Impact of Energy Management Control Systems on Energy Efficiency in the German Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Schulze Mike , Heidenreich Sven , Spieth Patrick 
Published: July 2017

SummaryAlthough previous studies point to much (untapped) potential for energy efficiency enhancement in industry, empirical research that adapts findings of environmental control to the context of energy management remains widely neglected. Specifically, previous environmental research suggests that the implementation of energy management control systems (EnMCS) could be an effective lever for companies to enhance their production systems and operations toward energy efficiency. Yet, empirical evidence for this theoretical proposition is rather missing; thus, debate continues regarding whether the high investments to set up a comprehensive EnMCS pay off in the long run. Based on a sample of 236 German manufacturing companies, this study combines primary data that capture the configuration of EnMCS with secondary data that were used to calculate energy efficiency. The results provide evidence that the extent of EnMCS implementation positively relates to firms’ energy efficiency. Findings from additional moderation analysis suggest that companies might enhance the relationship of EnMCS and energy efficiency performance by establishing a full‐time energy manager or by using external energy consulting support.
Transforming the Cement Industry into a Key Environmental Infrastructure for Urban Ecosystem: A Case Study of an Industrial City in China
Authors: Cao Xin , Wen Zongguo , Tian Haikui , De Clercq Djavan , Qu Lili 
Published: July 2017

SummaryUnder the dual pressure of environmental constraints and increasingly thin profit margins, the cement industry in China is in a predicament. To alleviate the environmental and the economic pressure of the cement industry and to tackle the problem of delayed environmental infrastructure construction, this article introduced an urban ecosystem in which the cement industry was transformed into an effective complement to environmental infrastructure. The Xinfeng Cement Industrial Park in China, which has a production capacity of 5 million tonnes per annum (Mt/a) of clinker, was chosen as a case study. Our methodology involved proposing technologies to develop an efficient cement plant‐centered urban ecosystem; evaluating its environmental and economic performance; identifying barriers in its promotion; and proposing supportive policies. Results showed that the city's waste recycling ratio rose from about 50% to 70%, saving 0.6 Mt/a of coal equivalent and reducing about 3.0 Mt/a of resulting carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The life span of the city's landfill site was extended by about 30 years. The total investment was 3.2 billion yuan (about US$480 million),1 with an average payback period of 3 years. The Xinfeng Cement Industrial Park was transformed from an energy‐intensive consumer and a significant CO2 emitter to a key industrial waste recycler, a crucial municipal waste co‐processor, an important new building material supplier, and a potential energy producer. Last, the “not‐in‐my‐back‐yard” (NIMBY) effect from constructing new environmental infrastructure was also avoided.
A model of genital herpes simplex virus Type 1 infection in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Aravantinou Meropi , Frank Ines , Arrode‐Bruses Geraldine , Szpara Moriah , Grasperge Brooke , Blanchard James , Gettie Agegnehu , Derby Nina , Martinelli Elena 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough HSV‐2 is the major cause of genital lesions, HSV‐1 accounts for half of new cases in developed countries.MethodsThree healthy SHIV‐SF162P3‐infected Indian rhesus macaques were inoculated with 4×108 pfu of HSV‐1 twice, with the second inoculation performed after the vaginal mucosa was gently abraded with a cytobrush.ResultsHSV‐1 DNA was detected in vaginal swabs 5 days after the second but not the first inoculation in all three macaques. An increase in inflammatory cytokines was detected in the vaginal fluids of the animals with no or intermittent shedding. Higher frequency of blood α4β7high CD4+ T cells was measured in the animals with consistent and intermitted shedding, while a decrease in the frequency of CD69+ CD4+ T cells was present in all animals.ConclusionsThis macaque model of genital HSV‐1 could be useful to study the impact of the growing epidemic of genital HSV‐1 on HIV infection.
Identification of novel simian endogenous retroviruses that are indistinguishable from simian retrovirus (SRV) on current SRV diagnostic assays
Authors: Grant Richard , Keele Brandon , Kuller LaRene , Watanabe Robin , Perret Alex , Smedley Jeremy 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSimian betaretroviruses include the well‐known exogenous simian retroviruses (SRV‐1 through SRV‐8), and some closely related simian endogenous retroviruses (SERV). Here, we characterized two new viral genomes, which appear to represent novel SERVs but have characteristics of both SRV and SERV highlighting the need to develop new assays providing molecular and serologic differentiation of SERV and SRV to avoid false positives.
Safety and efficacy of percutaneous intramyocardial bone marrow cell injection for chronic myocardial ischemia: Long‐term results
Authors: Rodrigo Sander F. , Mann Imke , van Ramshorst Jan , Beeres Saskia L. , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , Fibbe Willem E. , Bax Jeroen J. , Schalij Martin J. , Atsma Douwe E. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundIntramyocardial injection of bone marrow cells (BMC) in refractory angina patients with chronic myocardial ischemia has shown to be safe and improve clinical status during short‐term follow‐up. However, scarce data are available on long‐term (>12 months) safety and efficacy. Therefore, the occurrence of clinical events and the long‐term clinical effects of intramyocardial BMC injection were evaluated in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia up to 10 years after treatment.Methods and ResultsPatients (n = 100, age 64 ± 9 years, male 88%) with chronic myocardial ischemia who underwent intramyocardial BMC injection between 2004 and 2010 were evaluated. During yearly outpatient clinic visits, the occurrence of clinical events was documented. In addition, clinical status was assessed according to the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) score and quality of life was measured using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire. These parameters were evaluated at baseline and during the first year, followed by cross‐sectional long‐term follow‐up which was performed in 2011 and 2014. No adverse events considered related to the procedure occurred during 10 years of follow‐up. Observed annual mortality rate and annual myocardial infarction rate were 3.8% and 1.9% per year, respectively. When compared to baseline, CCS class and quality of life remained significantly better during 5‐year follow‐up after BMC treatment (both P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe present long‐term follow‐up study shows that intramyocardial BMC injection in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia is safe and improves both angina complaints and quality of life up to 5 years after BMC treatment.
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for primary immunodeficiency syndromes: A 5‐year single‐centre experience
Authors: Norman Melissa , David Clementine , Wainstein Brynn , Ziegler John B , Cohn Richard , Mitchell Richard , O'Brien Tracey , Russell Susan , Trahair Toby , Trickett Annette , Frith Katie , Gray Paul 
Published: July 2017

AimHaematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a central therapy in the treatment of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs). Over the past 5 years, outcomes have been greatly improved due to earlier diagnosis, improved donor availability, advancements in graft manipulation and the use of less toxic preparative regimens. We present a 5‐year audit of HSCT for PID at a single Australian tertiary hospital.MethodsRetrospective case note review identified diagnosis, pre‐transplant medical morbidity, transplant protocol, engraftment, adverse events, post‐transplant immune reconstitution and general health.ResultsA total of 22 patients with PID underwent 24 HSCTs at our institution between 2012 and 2016. The most common indications were severe combined immunodeficiency, chronic granulomatous disease and familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, with a genetic diagnosis in all but two patients. Reduced intensity or reduced toxicity conditioning was used in 91% of cases, and 75% of the donors were unrelated. Transplant‐related mortality at day +100 was 9.5%, and cumulative overall survival was 86%. There were three mortalities, all secondary to viral infection, one of which occurred in the context of graft failure. Two patients remained on immune support, with the remainder achieving adequate immune reconstitution.ConclusionsThe outcomes for HSCT for PIDs performed at Sydney Children's Hospital were in line with the world's best practice. HSCT should be considered a potential therapeutic option for all Australian PID patients with a valid disease indication.
Effect of pumping pressure on onset of lactation after caesarean section: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhang Feng , Yang Yahui , Bai Ting , Sun Lele , Sun Mingzhu , Shi Xueling , Zhu Meng , Ge Meijuan , Xia Haiou 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCaesarean section is associated with weaker newborn suction pressure. This nonblinded, randomized trial explored the effect of suction pressures generating by a breast pump on mothers' onset of lactation and milk supply after caesarean section. A high pressure group (−150 mmHg), a low pressure group (−100 mmHg), and a control group (none) were generated under computer random assignment with concealed allocation in 2 tertiary hospitals. The breast pumping began within 2 hr after caesarean operation (6 times a day and 30 min per time) until onset of lactation. The primary outcomes were the timing of onset of lactation, milk supply, and mother's satisfaction in lactation, using both intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses. The secondary endpoints were the pumping‐related pain, nipple injury, and maternal fatigue. All 164 women randomized were included in analysis. The breast pumping at −150 mmHg optimally advanced the timing of the onset of lactation and increased daytime milk supply. The pumping also appeared to boost mothers' confidence in lactation. The results in the per‐protocol population (n = 148) were consistent with those of intention‐to‐treat population (n = 164). However, the pumping aggravated maternal nipple pain and fatigue, though there was no statistical significance. The findings suggest that a higher pumping pressure within the range of normal vaginally born infant suction could promote onset of lactation and milk supply among mothers giving birth by caesarean section. The pumping could also enhance mothers' confidence in breastfeeding.
Structural basis for substrate selection by the translocation and assembly module of the β‐barrel assembly machinery
Authors: Bamert Rebecca S. , Lundquist Karl , Hwang Hyea , Webb Chaille T. , Shiota Takoya , Stubenrauch Christopher J. , Belousoff Mathew J. , Goode Robert J. A. , Schittenhelm Ralf B. , Zimmerman Richard , Jung Martin , Gumbart James C. , Lithgow Trevor 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe assembly of proteins into bacterial outer membranes is a key cellular process that we are only beginning to understand, mediated by the β‐barrel assembly machinery (BAM). Two crucial elements of that machinery are the core BAM complex and the translocation and assembly module (TAM), with each containing a member of the Omp85 superfamily of proteins: BamA in the BAM complex, TamA in the TAM. Here, we used the substrate protein FimD as a model to assess the selectivity of substrate interactions for the TAM relative to those of the BAM complex. A peptide scan revealed that TamA and BamA bind the β‐strands of FimD, and do so selectively. Chemical cross‐linking and molecular dynamics are consistent with this interaction taking place between the first and last strand of the TamA barrel domain, providing the first experimental evidence of a lateral gate in TamA: a structural element implicated in membrane protein assembly. We suggest that the lateral gates in TamA and BamA provide different environments for substrates to engage, with the differences observed here beginning to address how the TAM can be more effective than the BAM complex in the folding of some substrate proteins.
New findings on phosphodiesterases, MoPdeH and MoPdeL, in Magnaporthe oryzae revealed by structural analysis
Authors: Yang Li‐Na , Yin Ziyi , Zhang Xi , Feng Wanzhen , Xiao Yuhan , Zhang Haifeng , Zheng Xiaobo , Zhang Zhengguang 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling pathway mediates signal communication and sensing during infection‐related morphogenesis in eukaryotes. Many studies have implicated cAMP as a critical mediator of appressorium development in the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. The cAMP phosphodiesterases, MoPdeH and MoPdeL, as key regulators of intracellular cAMP levels, play pleiotropic roles in cell wall integrity, cellular morphology, appressorium formation and infectious growth in M. oryzae. Here, we analysed the roles of domains of MoPdeH and MoPdeL separately or in chimeras. The results indicated that the HD and EAL domains of MoPdeH are indispensable for its phosphodiesterase activity and function. Replacement of the MoPdeH HD domain with the L1 and L2 domains of MoPdeL, either singly or together, resulted in decreased cAMP hydrolysis activity of MoPdeH. All of the transformants exhibited phenotypes similar to that of the ΔMopdeH mutant, but also revealed that EAL and L1 play additional roles in conidiation, and that L1 is involved in infectious growth. We further found that the intracellular cAMP level is important for surface signal recognition and hyphal autolysis. The intracellular cAMP level negatively regulates Mps1‐MAPK and positively regulates Pmk1‐MAPK in the rice blast fungus. Our results provide new information to better understand the cAMP signalling pathway in the development, differentiation and plant infection of the fungus.
Vector competence of northern and southern European Culex pipiens pipiens mosquitoes for West Nile virus across a gradient of temperatures
Authors: Vogels C. B. F. , Göertz G. P. , Pijlman G. P. , Koenraadt C. J. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn Europe, West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks have been limited to southern and central European countries. However, competent mosquito vectors and susceptible bird hosts are present in northern Europe. Differences in temperature and vector competence of mosquito populations may explain the absence of WNV outbreaks in northern Europe. The aim of the present study was to directly compare vector competence of northern and southern European Culex pipiens (Cx. p.) pipiens mosquitoes for WNV across a gradient of temperatures. WNV infection and transmission rates were determined for two Cx. p. pipiens populations originating from The Netherlands and Italy, respectively. Mosquitoes were orally exposed by providing an infectious bloodmeal, or by injecting WNV (lineage 2) in the thorax, followed by 14‐day incubation at 18, 23, or 28 °C. No differences in infection or transmission rates were found between the Cx. p. pipiens populations with both infection methods, but WNV transmission rates were significantly higher at temperatures above 18 °C. The absence of WNV outbreaks in northern Europe cannot be explained by differences in vector competence between Cx. p. pipiens populations originating from northern and southern Europe. This study suggests that low temperature is a key limiting factor for WNV transmission.
Nurse prescribing in Spain: The law and the curriculum
Authors: Romero‐Collado Angel , Raurell‐Torreda Marta , Zabaleta‐Del‐Olmo Edurne , Rascon‐Hernan Carolina , Homs‐Romero Erica 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this cross‐sectional study, we explored course content related to pharmacology and/or healthcare products and supplies in all nursing degree programs in Spain. Changes in nurse‐prescribing legislation in Spain require that nurses take a certification course before prescribing over‐the‐counter products and medications. Using a cross‐sectional descriptive study, between July and September 2014, the degree programs of all centers that offer a degree in nursing in Spain were examined, selecting those with course information available online. All centers offered at least one pharmacology course. One‐third of the required courses had content related to pharmacology and healthcare products/supplies. The analysis showed that the course content and training received during the current nursing degree program provides the knowledge and skills needed to prescribe healthcare products/supplies and medications that do not now require a doctor's prescription, without the need for additional training and certification. It is essential that government regulation of nursing education be aligned with nursing competencies, curriculum standards, clinical practice, and evidence‐based research to provide the maximum level of confidence for nursing professionals and their patients.
Coping experience of health concerns and physical disability for older Chinese people: A qualitative, descriptive study
Authors: Mei He , Turale Sue 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this qualitative, descriptive study, we explored the perspectives of older, community‐dwelling Chinese people regarding their experiences of coping with a physical disability and their health concerns. Twenty participants were interviewed in‐depth, and data were analyzed using content analysis. Five themes with 13 subthemes emerged that described older people's experiences of coping with health concerns and disability: (i) ignoring health concerns; (ii) managing self; (iii) seeking medical help; (iv) living with physical disability; and (v) relying on limited resources. Most participants did not have sufficient access to health services due to physical disability and financial deficits, so they tended to ignore their health conditions or tackle them independently before seeking medical help. At the same time, they were impacted on by social and cultural factors. Policies are required that offer more resources to community‐dwelling people with disabilities in China.