bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Dementia Diagnosis After Injurious Falls in Older Adults
Authors: Ordoobadi Alexander J. , Dhanani Hiba , Tulebaev Samir R. , Salim Ali , Cooper Zara , Jarman Molly P. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceEmerging evidence suggests that mild cognitive impairment, which is a precursor to Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD), places older adults at increased risk for falls. However, the risk that an older adult develops dementia after experiencing a fall is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the risk of new ADRD diagnosis after a fall in older adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study examined Medicare Fee-for-Service data from 2014 to 2015, with follow-up data available for at least 1 year after the index encounter. Participants included adults aged 66 years and older who experienced a traumatic injury that resulted in an emergency department (ED) or inpatient encounter and did not have a preexisting diagnosis of dementia. Data analysis was performed from August 2023 to July 2024.ExposuresExperiencing a fall compared with other mechanisms of injury, defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and ICD-10 external cause of injury codes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe hazard of new ADRD diagnosis within 1 year of a fall, assessed by performing a Cox multivariable competing risk model that controlled for potential confounders while accounting for the competing risk of death.ResultsThe study included 2 453 655 older adult patients who experienced a traumatic injury; 1 522 656 (62.1%) were female; 124 396 (5.1%) were Black and 2 232 102 (91.0%) were White; and the mean (SD) age was 78.1 (8.1) years. The mechanism of injury was a fall in 1 228 847 incidents (50.1%). ADRD was more frequently diagnosed within 1 year of a fall compared with other injury mechanisms (10.6% [129 910 of 1 228 847] vs 6.1% [74 799 of 1 224 808]; P &amp;lt; .001). The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of incident dementia diagnosis after a fall was 1.63 (95% CI, 1.61-1.64; P &amp;lt; .001). On multivariable Cox competing risk analysis, falling was independently associated with an increased risk of dementia diagnosis among older adults (HR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.20-1.21]; P &amp;lt; .001) after controlling for patient demographics, medical comorbidities, and injury characteristics, while accounting for the competing risk of death. Among the subset of older adults without a recent skilled nursing facility admission, the HR was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.26-1.28; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, new ADRD diagnoses were more common after falls compared with other mechanisms of injury, with 10.6% of older adults being diagnosed with ADRD in the first year after a fall. To improve the early identification of ADRD, this study’s findings suggest support for the implementation of cognitive screening in older adults who experience an injurious fall that results in an ED visit or hospital admission.
Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations and Disparities in Pediatric Asthma Care
Authors: Geissler Kimberley H. , Shieh Meng-Shiou , Ash Arlene S. , Lindenauer Peter K. , Krishnan Jerry A. , Goff Sarah L. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceNearly 6 million children in the US have asthma, and over one-third of US children are insured by Medicaid. Although 23 state Medicaid programs have experimented with accountable care organizations (ACOs), little is known about ACOs’ effects on longstanding insurance-based disparities in pediatric asthma care and outcomes.ObjectiveTo determine associations between Massachusetts Medicaid ACO implementation in March 2018 and changes in care quality and use for children with asthma.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsUsing data from the Massachusetts All Payer Claims Database from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020, we determined child-years with asthma and used difference-in-differences (DiD) estimates to compare asthma quality of care and emergency department (ED) or hospital use for child-years with Medicaid vs private insurance for 3 year periods before and after ACO implementation for children aged 2 to 17 years. Regression models accounted for demographic and community characteristics and health status. Data analysis was conducted between January 2022 and June 2024.ExposureMassachusetts Medicaid ACO implementation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were binary measures in a calendar year of (1) any routine outpatient asthma visit, (2) asthma medication ratio (AMR) greater than 0.5, and (3) any ED or hospital use with asthma. To determine the statistical significance of differences in descriptive statistics between groups, χ2 and t tests were used.ResultsAmong 376 509 child-year observations, 268 338 (71.27%) were insured by Medicaid and 73 633 (19.56%) had persistent asthma. There was no significant change in rates of routine asthma visits for Medicaid-insured child-years vs privately insured child-years post-ACO implementation (DiD, −0.4 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI, −1.4 to 0.6 pp). There was an increase in the proportion with AMR greater than 0.5 for Medicaid-insured child-years vs privately insured in the postimplementation period (DiD, 3.7 pp; 95% CI, 2.0-5.4 pp), with absolute declines in both groups postimplementation. There was an increase in any ED or hospital use for Medicaid-insured child-years vs privately insured postimplementation (DiD, 2.1 pp; 95% CI, 1.2-3.0 pp), an 8% increase from the preperiod Medicaid use rate.Conclusions and RelevanceIntroduction of Massachusetts Medicaid ACOs was associated with persistent insurance-based disparities in routine asthma visit rates; a narrowing in disparities in appropriate AMR rates due to reductions in appropriate rates among those with private insurance; and worsening disparities in any ED or hospital use for Medicaid-insured children with asthma compared to children with private insurance. Continued study of changes in pediatric asthma care delivery is warranted in relation to major Medicaid financing and delivery system reforms.
Hijacking the BAF complex: the mechanistic interplay of ARID1A and EWS::FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Sohn Erich J. , Libich David S. 
Published: September 2024

Ewing sarcoma, an aggressive pediatric cancer, is driven by the EWS::FLI1 fusion protein, which disrupts gene expression by hijacking the BAF chromatin remodeling complex. Central to this mechanism is the formation of biomolecular condensates, mediated by the prion‐like domains (PrLDs) of EWS and ARID1A, a core BAF subunit. ARID1A serves as a critical interface between EWS::FLI1 and the BAF complex, with its condensate‐forming ability essential for the aberrant gene expression that drives tumor growth. The loss of condensate‐competent ARID1A significantly impairs tumor progression, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target. However, targeting condensate formation is challenging due to the transient nature of the interactions involved, complicating the development of effective inhibitors. This work underscores the importance of further investigation into therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting condensate formation in Ewing sarcoma and other related malignancies.
Natronocalculus
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Elcheninov Alexander G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Na.tro.no.cal'cu.lus N.L. neut. n.
natron
, arbitrarily derived from the Arabic
natrun
or
natron
, soda; L. masc. n.
calculus
, pebble, gravel; N.L. masc. n.
Natronocalculus
, soda‐loving pebble‐shaped cells.

Halobacteriota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Haloferacaceae / Natronocalculus

The genus
Natronocalculus
is a member of the family
Halorubraceae
, order
Haloferacales
, and class
Halobacteria,
according to the NCBI classification, while recent changes in the taxonomy of the
Halobacteria
based on the Genome Taxonomy Database phylogenomic classification place
Natronocalculus
into the family
Haloferacaceae
, order
Halobacteriales
. The genus members are aerobic, extremely halophilic and moderately alkaliphilic, and saccharolytic archaea, utilizing various alpha‐glucans and sugars as carbon and energy sources. The genus currently includes a single species
Natronocalculus amylovorans
inhabiting hypersaline soda lakes. The genus three‐letter abbreviation is Ncl.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 51.5 (whole‐genome sequence of the type strain).

Type species
:
Natronocalculus amylovorans
Sorokin et al. 2022, VL211.
A Self‐Powered, Highly Sensitive, and Frequency‐Tunable Triboelectric Acoustic Sensor Inspired by the Human Cochlea
Authors: Kang Dong‐hee , Lee Hyejin , Song Minseop , Ro Yun Goo , Kwak Min Sub , Kim Jinyoung , Jung Geonyoung , Park Jonghwa , Kim Young‐Ryul , Lee Jiin , Kim Jae Joon , Ko Hyunhyub 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConventional acoustic sensors used in human–machine interfaces often face challenges such as power supply requirements, limited sensitivity, and inability to tune their frequency response. A self‐powered, highly sensitive, and frequency‐tunable triboelectric acoustic sensor inspired by the human cochlea is introduced. By mimicking hair cells in the organ of Corti, a tapered microhair‐structured ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) and barium titanate nanoparticle (BTNP) composite film is proposed, which demonstrates a 16‐fold increase in triboelectric output voltage (1.3 V) compared to a planar one at 2.8 Pa. Furthermore, inspired by the frequency selectivity of the basilar membrane with gradient structural variations, integrating a mass‐beam diaphragm is proposed with varying kirigami length and circular mass diameter that enables precise tuning of the resonance frequency of the sensor, resulting in a 32 times improvement in sensitivity (860 mV Pa−1) compared to a nonbiomimetic sensor (28 mV Pa−1) and an expanded dynamic range. The proposed sensor differentiates between human voices with different frequencies. A robotic hand integrated with the sensor responds to acoustic stimuli with programmed hand gestures, which highlights its potential in acoustic human–machine interfaces. The biomimetic approach to developing a self‐powered, highly sensitive, and frequency‐tunable acoustic sensor offers new possibilities for intuitive and immersive human–machine interfaces.
Highly Deformable and Robust Ionic Structure for Multi‐Tissue Adaptive Hemostatic Sponges
Authors: Song Chenxin , Wang Shengyu , Zhang Zheyuan , Kong Kangren , Liang Kaiyu , He Yan , Zhang Shuheng , Pan Jie , Gong Zhe , Zhu Jinjin , Tang Ruikang , Liu Zhaoming , Fang Xiangqian , Zhao Yueqi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccidental trauma is always accompanied by tissue defects with noncompressible hemorrhages. Deformable and tough biomaterials are desirable for self‐compressible hemostasis, although their preparation is challenging. Here, a critical‐size calcium phosphate (C–CaP) with polymer‐like high deformability and mineral‐like high bending strength is prepared, which is hybridized with silk fibroin (SF) to fabricate a hemostatic sponge (SF‐C). C–CaP endows SF‐C with an ultrahigh elastic modulus (36.0 kPa) among analogous materials, leading to an ultrafast water absorption rate (1.2 g cm−3 s−1) and space‐filling rate (200.0%/s). The deformability of the SF‐C sponge further enables self‐adaptability to defects with micrometre‐scale precision. Consequently, SF‐C achieves rapid hemostasis in both damaged soft tissues and hard tissues in rats, resulting in less blood loss and a shorter hemostatic time than those of clinical materials. This study provides a promising hemostatic material for the treatment of hemorrhages in defective tissues and expands the current knowledge by revealing the critical‐sized ionic structure and unique mechanics of C–CaP.
Zn/Cu Bi‐Single‐Atom Nanoplatform: Hexagonal Anti‐Tumor Warrior by ROS Amplification for DOX Resistance Reversal and Immune Activation
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Zhang Fenglan , Guimarães Carlos F. , Reis Rui L. , Lv Yaqian , Qu Yingshan , Liu Danping , Zhou Qihui , Kong Xiaoying , Shi Jinsheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSevere resistance of doxorubicin (DOX) caused by drug efflux and immunosuppression has led to a high treatment failure risk of breast cancer (BC). Compared with the single atom nanozymes, the bi‐single‐atomic nanozymes obtained through sequential single‐atom synthesis strategy in different spaces of the same nanomaterial, can significantly improve the space utilization efficiency and catalytic capacity. In this study, bi‐single‐atom nanozymes (Zn/Cu‐BSAN‐DOX NPs) are designed to reverse BC DOX resistance by causing damage to mitochondria of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and 4T1 cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification. In situ H2O2 self‐supply is improved by releasing DOX through activating the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs). ROS amplification is triggered by enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of Zn/Cu‐BSAN, which efficiently reverses the DOX resistance by breaking the hyaluronic acid (HA) barrier and DOX efflux. Furthermore, ROS amplification significantly promotes the immune improvement including DCs maturation, T cell activation, and the polarization of M1 macrophage. In summary, as “hexagonal” anti‐tumor warrior, Zn/Cu‐BSAN‐DOX NPs show great potential for multimodal DOX‐resistant BC therapy, which further expands the new preparation strategy and the clinical anti‐tumor application paradigm of single‐atom nanozymes.
Carboxymethylcellulose Induced the Formation of Amorphous MnO2 Nanosheets With Abundant Oxygen Vacancies for Fast Ion Diffusion in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ma Xinlei , Bi Hualin , Zhang Yinfeng , Mi Panpan , Liu Fengrui , Jin Xingchen , Chen Ying , Zhang Kai , Wang Jun , Dong Yanfeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractManganese dioxide with high theoretical capacity has drawn a great deal of attention for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). Nevertheless, their sluggish diffusion kinetics, low electrical conductivity and limited active sites are still hindering the potential application in batteries. Herein, amorphous MnO2 nanosheets with abundant oxygen vacancies are facilely prepared by using carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC) as a capping agent. During the growth process, CMC can preferentially attach to the (003) facet of MnO2 to guide its crystal growth and morphology. The small nanosheets can expose abundant edge sites, along with the surface oxygen vacancies, to facilitate the insertion/extraction of H+ and Zn2+ in ZIBs. Moreover, the presence of CMC can stabilize the Mn3+ to inhibit the Jahn–Teller effect in the preparation process. As a result, CMC‐MnO2 based ZIB can provide a specific capacity of 324 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, and achieve 86.2% retention after a long cycle test of 1000 cycles. Furthermore, the energy storage mechanism may be attributed to the insertion/extraction of H+/Zn2+, dissolution/deposition of MnO2 and Zn4SO4(OH)6·nH2O, and irreversible transformation of vermiculite during long cycles. This work may open new perspectives for the development of MnO2‐based cathodes in ZIBs.
Nucleobase‐Driven Wearable Ionogel Electronics for Long‐Term Human Motion Detection and Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring
Authors: Yan Xiangrui , Zhao Rongrong , Lin Huijuan , Zhao Zengdian , Song Shasha , Wang Yifan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIonogels are considered as ideal candidates for constructing flexible electronics due to their superior electrical conductivity, flexibility, high thermal and electrochemical stability. However, it remains a great challenge to simultaneously achieve high sensitivity, repeated adhesion, good self‐healing, and biocompatibility through a straightforward strategy. Herein, inspired by nucleobase‐tackified strategy, a multifunctional adhesive ionogel is developed through one‐step radical polymerization of acrylated adenine/uracil (Aa/Ua) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers in sodium caseinate (SC) stabilized liquid metal dispersions. As a soft conductive filler, the incorporating of liquid metal not only improves the electrical conductivity, but also enhances the mechanical strength, satisfying the stretchable sensing application. The large amount of noncovalent interactions (hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, and ion‐dipole interactions) within the networks enable the ionogels to possess excellent stretchability, skin‐like softness, good self‐healing, and strong adhesion. Based on these desirable characteristics, the ionogel is suitable for wearable strain sensors to precisely detect diverse human movements under extreme environments. Moreover, the seamless adhesion with human skin allows the ionogel to function as bioelectrode patch for long‐term and high‐quality electrophysiological signal acquisition. This research provides a promising strategy for designing ionogels with tailored functionalities for wearable electronics that satisfy diverse application requirements.
Spin Photonics‐Based on a Twinning Hyperbolic Metamaterial
Authors: Li Yan , Sun Jingbo , Wen Yongzheng , Xiong Xiaoyu , Zhou Le , Zhou Ji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRouting and multiplexing of the optical surface waves are critical for the ultra‐compact nano‐photonic systems. Given this background, traditional metal‐based systems, despite of the ability of supporting the surface plasmon polariton propagation, are constrained on manipulations due to the optical isotropy, and artificially designed structures are always required at the input or output to help attain the additional selectivity. Here, a spin‐dependent multi‐channel scheme is proposed based on the modulation ability of the hyperbolic metamaterial's anisotropy on Dyakonov Surface Waves. The input coupling, propagation direction, as well as the output coupling of the optical single are well determined by the certain spin feature carried by the light and the orientation of the interface's anisotropy because of the spin‐momentum locking. Specially, by constructing a twinning hyperbolic metamaterial, which contains the structural symmetry and materials symmetry, a photonic chip with 4 routing channels are demonstrated experimentally, where the spin of an incident beam can be maintained during the propagation on‐chip and then delivered back into the free space, offering a new planar scheme for metamaterial‐based spin‐controlled nano‐photonic applications.
Adaptive Active Site Turning for Superior OER and UOR on Ir‐Ni3N Catalyst
Authors: Chen Yixin , Meng Jun , Xu Miao , Qiao Lulu , Liu Di , Kong Youchao , Hu Xiaosai , Liu Qingju , Chen Mingpeng , Lyu Siliu , Tong Rui , Pan Hui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRenewable energy‐based electrocatalytic oxidation for hydrogen production in complex reaction environments such as industrial wastewater and human urine demands high‐performing catalysts to conduct switchable urea oxidation reactions (UOR) and traditional oxygen evolution reactions (OER). Here, a novel bifunctional nanosheet electrocatalyst is reported, Ir‐Ni3N, which exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity for both OER and UOR under alkaline conditions. Specifically, the overpotentials at 100 mA cm−2 for OER and UOR are 1.59 and 1.37 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) respectively, which are superior to most of the recently reported nickel‐based catalysts. Accordingly, a comprehensive mechanism for competitive catalytic activities of Ni and Ir sites in Ir‐Ni3N and the switch between OER and UOR that guarantees consistent hydrogen production is proposed. This study provides a feasible strategy for continuous hydrogen production aided by reagent‐adaptive electrocatalysts in urea‐containing wastewater.
Single Atom‐Engineered 2D Catalytic Nanosheets for Sonocatalytic Suppression of Orthotopic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Houliang , Zhang Yifan , Song Wei , Mao Weipu , Ding Li , Chen Shuqiu , Chang Meiqi , Zhao De , Feng Wei , Chen Yu , Peng Bo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), a prevalent malignant tumor, exhibits resistance to chemotherapy, necessitating advanced therapeutic approaches. Sonocatalytic therapy has emerged as a promising non‐invasive treatment for solid tumors due to its ability to penetrate deep tissue. Herein, the development of single atomic Au‐doped 2D TiO2 nanosheets are presented with oxygen vacancies (Au‐SA/Def‐TiO2, ASDT) for sonocatalytic treatment of ccRCC. Surface defects on TiO2 nanosheets effectively stabilize Au single atomic sites via the Ti‐Au‐Ti structure, enhancing catalytic properties and facilitating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by reducing energy barriers and improving electron (e−) and hole (h+) separation. Additionally, ASDT exhibits peroxidase‐like activities, further augmenting ROS production, leading to significant inhibition of tumor growth in subcutaneous and orthotopic ccRCC models under ultrasound irradiation. This study underscores the efficacy of defect engineering for stabilizing single atoms to boost ROS production and achieve effective tumor eradication by the enhanced sonocatalytic effect.
Aerogel‐Driven Interface Rapid Self‐Gelation Enables Highly Stable Zn Anode
Authors: Shi Zhenhai , Xu Zijian , Liu Zhuanyi , Ren Yufeng , Zhang Leiqian , Ren Jianguo , Chen Suli , Liu Tianxi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe practical application of Zn metal anodes is currently hindered by uncontrolled dendritic growth and water‐induced parasitic reactions that are closely related to the solvation structure and interfacial transport kinetics of Zn2+. Herein, a facile interface self‐gelation strategy is proposed to stabilize Zn anode by introducing ‐OH‐rich silica aerogel (HSA) on Zn anode surface. The unique interconnected network structure and strong hydrophilia of HSA made the aqueous electrolyte near Zn anode gel rapidly and spontaneously, resulting in the formation of a water‐poor gel interface layer. The interface layer can effectively accelerate the desolvation process and reduce water molecule activity near anode surface through hydrogen bonding interaction, thus achieving rapid Zn migration kinetics and alleviating side reactions. In addition, the well‐defined aerogel nanochannels can provide a fast Zn2+ migration path and homogenize Zn2+ flux, enabling rapid and uniform Zn deposition. As a result, the HSA‐modified Zn (HSA@Zn) anode exhibits excellent long‐term cycling stability (over 6000 h at 4 mA cm−2), and the feasibility for practical application of this HSA@Zn anode is further demonstrate in full cells. The aerogel‐driven interface self‐gelation strategy propose in this work provides new insights into the design of advanced Zn anode for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Brominated Perylene Diimides as Cathode Interface Materials for High Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhong Ke , Deng Jiawei , Zeng Rui , Xu Jie , Yuan Zhongyi , Wang Chenpeng , Li Lei , Liu Jiabin , Zhao Xiaohong , Hu Yu , Chen Lie , Liu Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe cathode interface materials (CIMs) are crucial for organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, excellent CIMs PDINN‐Br and PDINN‐2Br are reported, by bromination of PDINN. Both of them have strong work function (WF) tunability, self‐doping properties, and excellent film‐forming properties. They show higher electron mobility (over 2 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1) and conductivity (≈5 × 10−5 S cm−1) than PDINN. Grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements (GIWAXS) illustrate that PDINN‐2Br has more ordered arrangement than PDINN and PDINN‐Br. PDINN, PDINN‐Br, and PDINN‐2Br in PM6:Y6‐based OSCs lead to 15.96%, 16.71%, and 17.03% power conversion efficiency (PCE), respectively. The PDINN‐2Br has well performance as well in the PM6:PYIT and D18:L8BO OSCs, PCEs of 18.14% and 18.98% are obtained, respectively, which are higher than PDINN (16.97% and 18.01%).