bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a mediator of inflammation-associated neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chen Jian-jiao , Wang Tao , An Cai-di , Jiang Chun-yan , Zhao Jie , Li Shao 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In early- or late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), inflammation, which is triggered by pathologic conditions, influences the progression of neurodegeneration. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a crucial mediator of neurogenesis, because it exhibits a remarkable activity-dependent regulation of expression, which suggests that it may link inflammation to neurogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests that acute and chronic inflammation in AD differentially modulates neurotrophin functions, which are related to the roles of inflammation in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. Recent studies also indicate novel mechanisms of BDNF-mediated neuroprotection, including the modulation of autophagy. Numerous research studies have demonstrated reverse parallel alterations between proinflammatory cytokines and BDNF during neurodegeneration; thus, we hypothesize that one mechanism that underlies the negative impact of chronic inflammation on neurogenesis is the reduction of BDNF production and function by proinflammatory cytokines.
Ornithocenosis Structure in Fresh and Wet Sudubravas of Kyiv Polissya during the Breeding Period
Authors: Plyha A. V. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This research was carried out in Kyiv Polissya geobotanical province, in one of most common woods type - fresh and wet sudubravas. Its purpose is to determine ornithocenosis structure in different age groups of this type of forest. To achieve that, forest bird species lists were composed, their population density and that of ecological groups of birds were calculated. In the course of the research in the breeding periods of 2013-2014, two-time surveys were carried out on 12 survey routes of total length 33 km. For further analysis, forests were divided into age groups: 0-20 years, 20-40 years, 40-60 years, 60-80 years, 80-100 years and forests over 100 years. Altogether 53 bird species were found. Species lists were poorest in the forests of 0-20 years (18 species), and richest in the forests over 100 years (39 species). Minimal population density was 473 individuals per square kilometer in the youngest forest age group of 0-20 years, maximal - 2155 individuals per square kilometer in pine forests aged over 100 years. Analysis of different population densities of ecological groups reveals steadily growing numbers of hollow-nesting birds and tree-nesting birds in accordance with aging of the forests. In older forests hollow-nesting birds constitute an absolute majority. Population density of another ecological group shows no such direct tendency.
The Analysis of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Eggs of Collared Flycatchers, Ficedula Albicollis (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae), and Tits, Parus Major, Parus Caeruleus (Passeriformes, Paridae), in Different Areas of North-Eastern Ukraine
Authors: Chaplygina A. B. , Yuzyk D. I. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCollared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis Temminck, 1815), have more opportunities to accumulate heavy metals due to migration but they are more resistant to contamination in contrast to tits, (Parus major Linnaeus, 1758, Parus caeruleus Linnaeus, 1758). This research aimed to detect concentrations of some trace elements in eggs of the collared flycatcher, great tit and blue tit in different areas. There were found differences in heavy metal concentrations in the eggs among species and study areas. For collared flycatchers there were not established consistent patterns of changes in element concentrations among areas. The highest heavy metal levels were found in tits in samples of egg contents from a forest park (Pb - 3.1410 ± 0.3249, Cu - 19.3290 ± 1.4840, Zn - 66.9612 ± 17.6665, Fe - 249.5513 ± 40.2800, Mn - 6.9032 ± 0.2946, Ca - 8298.3570 ± 0.1080, Sr - 17.6032 ± 0.7512, Ni - 0.5177 ± 0.0220). The lowest concentrations were found in egg contents of tits in Hetmanskyi National Nature Park (Cu - 4.3492 ± 0.2079, Fe - 44.6647 ± 0.2627, Mn - 1.3194 ± 0.2374, Ca - 998.7001 ± 0.0006, Ni - 0.2443 ± 0.0439, Cr - 0.1466 ± 0.0424). The results indicate that heavy metals accumulated differently in shells and contents of eggs of collared flycatchers and tits in each of the study area. Some of microelements (zinc, mercury, iron, manganese, selenium and iodine) in small amounts are required for normal growth and development of birds. Heavy metal concentrations in egg shells and egg contents of all species did not exceed permissible levels.
High-Frequency Waves in a Random Distribution of Metallic Nanoparticles in an External Magnetic Field
Authors: Moradi Afshin 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Propagation of magnetoplasma waves at an angle to a static magnetic field is studied for a random distribution of spherical metallic nanoparticles. A general analytical expression for dispersion relation of the system is derived and useful expressions are obtained in the limiting cases. It is found that the interaction between longitudinal and transverse modes leads to coupled modes in the vicinity of the frequency

f

+

ξ

ω
p

,

$\sqrt {f\, + \,\xi } {\omega _p},$

where ξ is the ratio of the volume occupied by all the nanoparticles to the entire volume, ω

p
the plasma frequency of electrons inside a nanoparticle, and f a geometrical factor of order unity (1/3 for spherical nanoparticles).
Bäcklund Transformation and Soliton Solutions for a (3+1)-Dimensional Variable-Coefficient Breaking Soliton Equation
Authors: Zhao Chen , Gao Yi-Tian , Lan Zhong-Zhou , Yang Jin-Wei 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In this article, a (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient breaking soliton equation is investigated. Based on the Bell polynomials and symbolic computation, the bilinear forms and Bäcklund transformation for the equation are derived. One-, two-, and three-soliton solutions are obtained via the Hirota method. N-soliton solutions are also constructed. Propagation characteristics and interaction behaviors of the solitons are discussed graphically: (i) solitonic direction and position depend on the sign of the wave numbers; (ii) shapes of the multisoliton interactions in the scaled space and time coordinates are affected by the variable coefficients; (iii) multisoliton interactions are elastic for that the velocity and amplitude of each soliton remain unchanged after each interaction except for a phase shift.
PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION AND THE STATUS OF THE WOMAN IN SOCIETY OF THE XVIII CENTURY
Authors: Vlasova Olha P. , Kostyuk Nataliia P. 
Published: August 2016

The purpose. The objective of this paper is to illustrate how the biological basis of the “natural” male and female characteristics is subjected to doubt in the books of the women-writers - “feminists before feminism” despite the dictatorship of the specific gender norms of the philosophical concepts of that period. These very concepts of the classical philosophy determined ideology, psychology and reasoning of both sexes in the Enlightenment including both public and private spheres. The “picture” of the sociocultural realia of that period is analyzed with the help of the gender which is used here not only as a role or feature but as methodology. The scientific novelty lies in constructing a more complete polyphonical picture of the sociocultural life in the epoch of the Enlightenment in rejecting the “one-sex” interpretation of the philosophy and culture of that period in assuring that there were two subjects in the Enlightenment history and culture-representatives of both sexes. The analysis of philosophical texts and fiction allows to make a conclusion: early feminists were sure that the rational capabilities of men and women do not differ the sexual differences are irrelevant in the problems of intellectual and moral education.
FREEDOM OF THE INFORMATION SPACE. IS IT A REALITY OR ILLUSION?
Authors: Korableva Elena V. 
Published: August 2016

The purpose: to define and analyze the limits of freedom and personal fulfillment in the information space in accordance with the change of the vector information and technical characteristics of social development. Methodology of scientific cognitive activity allows you to explore new educational requirements, acquisition of new skills, knowledge and new ways of thinking that can provide adequate person entering into a different social environment to change the parameter; identify behavioral change person's standards and values. Scientific novelty reflected in the correlation of real human freedom posed by the technological capabilities of the time, and the imaginary freedom that can undermine the stability of the information society on a number of basic directions of its development. Conclusions: 1) socialization in the new socio-cultural information space involves the formation of a complex system of person's intellectual and emotional development. It demands ability to interact with a lot of information, ability to define a kind of needed information and self-nalysis of information and communication space and behavior. 2) There is a lot of freedom in media space nowadays. People faced with the problem of increasing the amount of information. То fit into information flow human should change the way he thinks: develop skills in algorithmic approach to information processing, structured analytical thinking. It requires a structured analytical thinking. 3) The open architecture of the Internet space allows creating new areas and communities. It expands the boundaries of existing online communities. The new communicative surroundings are radically transforming traditional communication between people. It is destroying channel information, experience and spiritual values created by men. Absolute informational availability creates an illusion of complete human’s independence from social relations and personal communication, isolates people from each other, deprives of a sense of belonging and creates the position of bystander. 4) So called freedom has created new life strategies and undermines the stability of the information society.
Factor personal e institucional en el desarrollo del “cuidado humano de ayuda confianza”, de la teoria de Jean Watson en los enfermeros del servicio de medicina 3B del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, 2013
Authors: Sebastián Llancari Carolina , Velásquez Carranza Doris 
Published: August 2016

La teoría del cuidado humano de Watson sostiene que ante el riesgo de deshumanización en el cuidado del paciente, se hace necesario el rescate del aspecto humano por parte de los profesionales de enfermería. Objetivos: determinar el factor personal e institucional en el desarrollo del “cuidado humano de ayuda-confianza”, de la teoría de Jean Watson en los enfermeros en el Servicio de Medicina 3B del HNGAI. Material y métodos:estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Población conformada por el total de enfermeros (35), que cumplieron los criterios de selección. Instrumento fue elaborado por las autoras. Las técnicas de recolección de datos fueron la encuesta y la observación; los instrumentos, un cuestionario estructurado auto administrado y una guía deobservación. Los datos recolectados procesados utilizando el paquete estadístico de STATA v 12. Resultados: la frecuencia del factor personal (motivación, satisfacción profesional y relaciones interpersonales) está presente en un 60% y el factor institucional (capacitación) en un 80%. De las dimensiones observadas, se obtuvo la comunicación eficaz (97,14%), coherencia y acogida no posesiva (88,57%) y empatía (77,14%). Conclusiones: el factor personal e institucional están siempre presentes en el desarrollo del “Cuidado humano de ayudaconfianza” y en los enfermeros observados se encontró que se brinda el cuidado aplicando el cuarto factor según sus dimensiones.
Comportamiento alimentario de los adolescentes durante el periodo de preparacion para el ingreso a la universidad
Authors: Juárez-Souquón Patricia , Tacza-Valverde Carmen , Alayo-Sarmiento Margarita 
Published: August 2016

Objetivos: describir los comportamientos alimentarios de los adolescentes durante la etapa de preparación para el ingreso a la universidad. Material y métodos: el estudio fue descriptivo y de corte transversal, se realizó en elaño 2015, en un centro preuniversitario del distrito de Lima, la población fue de 1400 estudiantes de 15 a 17 años, se obtuvo una muestra de 303 adolescentes. Resultados: el 50,5% de los adolescentes consume tres comidas aldía, 10,9% solo consume una comida, 4,6% nunca desayuna y 0,3% nunca almuerza. El almuerzo y la merienda o lonche son realizados en el centro educativo. Los días laborales comen sin compañía; salvo en el almuerzo, quecomen con sus compañeros. La actividad que la mayoría realiza mientras come durante los días laborales, es ver televisión. Los alimentos y productos que gustan consumir más son: pollo 92,7%, agua 89,4%, pollo a la brasa 82,8%;los que menos prefieren, son las legumbres 49,2%. El 75,2% manifestó que en compañía de sus pares consumen comida rápida, el 35% optó por snacks. El 57.1% dedica entre 15 a 30 minutos para almorzar. Conclusiones: losadolescentes realizan 3 comidas diarias, el lugar donde almuerzan es el centro educativo, en compañía de sus pares prefieren consumir comida rápida; durante los días laborales realizan sus comidas sin compañía, y mientras comen suelen ver televisión y usar las redes sociales, en el entorno familiar consumen alimentos nutritivos y variados.
Calidad del sueño y somnolencia diurna excesiva en mujeres puérperas atendidas en un hospital general. Estudio comparativo.
Authors: Maraví Sánchez Arnaldo A. , Montero Gago Freddy M. , Rodríguez Hurtado Diana , Guillén Pinto Daniel 
Published: August 2016

Objetivos: Describir la calidad del sueño y somnolencia diurna excesiva en mujeres puérperas. Material y métodos:El estudio fue observacional y descriptivo de una serie de casos y se llevó a cabo en la consulta externa del Servicio de Pediatría y Gineco-Obstetricia del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia en Lima, Perú. Se constituyeron tres grupos, el primero conformado por puérperas, el segundo por madres no puérperas y el tercero por nulíparas.Además de un instrumento de filiación, se utilizaron las escalas de Pittsburgh y Epworth. El nivel de significación estadística (α) fue de 0,05. Resultados: La edad de las participantes osciló entre 15 y 35 años, con una media de 26,7±4,9años. El 90% [IC 95% 80,2 – 99,7] de puérperas presentó mala calidad del sueño y las de mayor edad (28 ± 5,3 años)la experimentaron con mayor intensidad. La probabilidad de este resultado en el grupo de puérperasfue 4,5 [IC 95% 1,2 – 17,1] veces mayor con respecto a las nulíparas. A su vez, el 35% [IC 9 5% 19,6 – 50,4] de puérperas presentó somnolencia diurna excesiva. Conclusiones: La mala calidad del sueño y la somnolencia diurnaexcesiva fueron más frecuentes en las puérperas en relación a las madres no puérperas y las nulíparas. Fue también más frecuente que la somnolencia diurna excesiva en las puérperas y, dentro de ellas, en las de mayor edad. Las mujeres puérperas muestran 4,5 veces más probabilidades de experimentar un sueño de mala calidad y 6,6 veces más de presentar somnolencia diurna excesiva en comparación con las nulíparas.
Perfil clínico y epidemiológico de pacientes atendidos en el Centro de Salud Mental “Moisés Heresi” de Arequipa - Perú, entre los años 2011 y 2013.
Authors: Zegarra-Valdivia Jonathan , Cazorla Pérez Ernesto , Chino Vilca Brenda 
Published: August 2016

Diferentes estudios revelan que las enfermedades neuro-psiquiátricas originan la mayor carga de enfermedad o peso relativo de discapacidad en el mundo. Conocer la prevalencia e incidencia de estos trastornos es de vital importanciapara entender cómo afectan a una región en particular y así poder generar políticas preventivas y de intervención en la realidad sanitaria. Objetivos: Conocer la prevalencia e incidencia de los trastornos mentales en el sur del Perúentre los años 2011-2013. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo realizado mediante la consulta y análisis de historias clínicas. A través de un muestreo no-probabilístico se analizaron 1489 historias clínicas de los pacientesnuevos atendidos entre los años 2011 y 2013 en un centro de salud mental de referencia para la macro-región sur. Resultados: El 70% de los pacientes atendidos en el periodo de estudio comprendía a adultos jóvenes y adultosde edad media, económicamente activos y solteros. Los trastornos del humor tuvieron una prevalencia durante el periodo 2011 al 2013 de 22,3%, seguidos de los trastornos psicóticos (18,3%), y los trastornos por consumo de sustancias (15,2%). Se encuentran diferencias en torno al género. Conclusiones: Los pacientes atendidos fueron en su mayoría adultos jóvenes y adultos de edad media, lo que incrementa los años de vida saludable perdidos por tratarse de trastornos que tienden a la cronificación. Los trastornos del humor, psicóticos y trastornos por consumo de sustancias son los más prevalentes dentro de la población.
PENGUKURAN NILAI TUKAR NELAYAN DI KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Budiono Edi , Mahyudin Idiannor , Bandung Riswandi 
Published: August 2016

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengukur nilai tukar nelayan dan tingkat ekonomi kesejahteraan nelayan di Kabupaten Tanah Laut Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Data yang didapat dengan metode survei, sedangkan data sekunder dari instansi pemerintah terkait. Nilai tukar nelayan yang diukur selama bulan nopember 2012 – pebruari 2013. Penelitian menggunakan formula Indeks Laspeyres yang dikembangkan dan pengujian dengan teori ekonomi kesejahteraan.Perhitungan nilai tukar nelayan dalam penelitian didapatkan enam formula, yaitu (1) NTN-pemilik (2) NTN-perseorangan (3) NTN-juragan (4) NTN-ABK terampil (5) NTN- ABK biasa dan (6) NTN-tradisional. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan NTN Kabupaten Tanah Laut berada diatas seratus dan INTN berada diatas satu. Sedangkan tingkat ekonomi kesejahteraan nelayan mengalami kenaikan.Purpose of the research was to measure trade turn and economic welfare of fisherman living in the Sea Land Regency South Borneo Province. The research use descriptive method in valving that primary data were obtained by survey and secondary data oven collected from relevant government agencies. Exchange rate index of thratmen was measured during 4 months (November 2012 – February 2013). Index formulation was developed Laspeyres the economic welfare of the fisherman.Analysis of fisherman trade term found 6 formulation, in cloding (1) NTN-owner (2) NTN-individual (3)-NTN squire (4) NTN-skilled crew (5) NTN-ordinary crew and (6) NTN-traditional. Research results showed that NTN for Tanah Laut district was above 100 and INTN was above 1. Eventhough economic welfare of fisherman was increase.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI PEMASARAN IKAN PATIN (Pangasius Sp) DI CINDAI ALUS KABUPATEN BANJAR PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Haryanti Diana , Sri Mahreda Emmy , Mustika Rina 
Published: August 2016

There are problems happening in the marketing system of fresh catfish in Cindai Alusin which the profits received by merchants or middlemen are higher than retailers. The share or benefits received by fish farmers in Cindai Alus are higher than merchants and retailers. This share is as the selling price of fresh catfish from the farmers to the collectors and then to be sold again to the retailers, and finally to the consumers with a higher price.This study is aimed at finding out the marketing channels of fresh fish, especially catfish (Pangasius sp) in Cindai Alus area, finding out the marketing agents either as producers or consumers, determining the differences in the marginal level of marketing and profitability of each agents as well as factors affecting the margin, finding out the share price received by the producers from the consumers price in different marketing channels, and finding out the structure, behavior and market performance of catfish (Pangasiussp) in Cindai Alus.This study applied survey and interview as methods of data analysis. The data collected included primary data, i.e. data from the fish farmer the main source which obtained through a structured interview (with questionnaire), as well as secondary data obtained from various sources, such as the results from other research, literature study and information from related institutions relevant to the study.The results showed that the pattern of marketing channels of fresh catfish (Pangasius sp) from the farmers to the final consumers in Cindai Alus consists of 4 patterns and marketing participants consist of manufacturers, merchants from local or from other regions, and retailers. In addition, the share percentage received by the fish farmers are efficient by 87.26%, and the marketing system of fresh catfish in Cindai Alus is considered as imperfect competition structure or oligopsony in which the amount of sellers are bigger than the buyers.
Optimality Analysis in K-Policy – Generalized Erlang Service Queueing Model
Authors: Bhuvaneeswari S. , Kumar B. Ramesh , Solaiappan R. , Murugesan S. 
Published: August 2016

<div><p><em>This paper, we develops a nonlinear programming approach to construct the membership function of the performance measure in bulk arrival queueing system , in that the arrival and service rates are fuzzy numbers. The basic idea is transform to a “Generalized k – phase Erlang Fuzzy queue with infinite capacity to a family of conventional Generalized k – phase Erlang Service queue with infinite capacity by applying - cut approach, and a pair of mixed integer nonlinear programs are formulated to calculate the upper and lower bound of the system performance measure at the different possibility level of . For practice use, the defuzzification of performance measures is also provided via Robust ranking method and carried out the defuzzification performance (Optimization) using Chi square distribution of the goodness fit and to analyze the interval of confidence optimality. A numerical example is included.</em></p></div>
Evaluating Public Health Interventions: 4. The Nurses’ Health Study and Methods for Eliminating Bias Attributable to Measurement Error and Misclassification
Authors: Spiegelman Donna 
Published: August 2016

The Nurses’ Health Study and many other large longitudinal cohorts around the world use the food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake over time, and to relate diet to health. Controversies concerning this questionnaire’s ability to adequately measure diet have led to a flurry of methods for evaluating the magnitude of measurement error and misclassification in exposure assessment, and for correcting the point and interval estimates of effect on the basis of these assessment methods for this error. Nurses’ Health Study investigators have been in the forefront of these developments and their applications, although hundreds of other investigators have also used them. This commentary provides an overview of the methods and their uses, and concludes with remarks on their potential applications in the evaluation of public health interventions.
In-Situ Stress Perturbations and Determinations Near a Fault and Their Impacts on Hydraulic Fracturing Design
Authors: Wang Yarlong , Mi Qiangbo 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Stress perturbations near a fault are of great importance for fracturing and drilling design in petroleum engineering. Gravitational, tectonic, and earth structure related effects are major concerns for in-situ stresses determinations. The stress magnitude change, principal stress rotations and the range of these changes can be crucial for fracturing propagation, their geometry change, and ultimately the productivity. A field case is studied, focusing on quantified stress perturbations, the procedure for far field stress determination, and stress redistribution near a hydraulic tip for re-directed propagation analyses.