bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-ray dark-field radiography facilitates the diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model
Authors: Hellbach Katharina , Yaroshenko Andre , Willer Konstantin , Conlon Thomas M. , Braunagel Margarita B. , Auweter Sigrid , Yildirim Ali Ö. , Eickelberg Oliver , Pfeiffer Franz , Reiser Maximilian F. , Meinel Felix G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether diagnosing pulmonary fibrosis with projection radiography can be improved by using X-ray dark-field radiograms. Pulmonary X-ray transmission and dark-field images of C57Bl/6N mice, either treated with bleomycin to induce pulmonary fibrosis or PBS to serve as controls, were acquired with a prototype grating-based small-animal scanner. Two blinded readers, both experienced radiologists and familiar with dark-field imaging, had to assess dark-field and transmission images for the absence or presence of fibrosis. Furthermore readers were asked to grade their stage of diagnostic confidence. Histological evaluation of the lungs served as the standard of reference in this study. Both readers showed a notably higher diagnostic confidence when analyzing the dark-field radiographs (p < 0.001). Diagnostic accuracy improved significantly when evaluating the lungs in dark-field images alone (p = 0.02) or in combination with transmission images (p = 0.01) compared to sole analysis of absorption images. Interreader agreement improved from good when assessing only transmission images to excellent when analyzing dark-field images alone or in combination with transmission images. Adding dark-field images to conventional transmission images in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis leads to an improved diagnosis of this disease on chest radiographs.
Phospholipid imprinted polymers as selective endotoxin scavengers
Authors: Sulc Robert , Szekely Gyorgy , Shinde Sudhirkumar , Wierzbicka Celina , Vilela Filipe , Bauer David , Sellergren Börje 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHerein we explore phospholipid imprinting as a means to design receptors for complex glycolipids comprising the toxic lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. A series of polymerizable bis-imidazolium and urea hosts were evaluated as cationic and neutral hosts for phosphates and phosphonates, the latter used as mimics of the phospholipid head groups. The bis-imidazolium hosts interacted with the guests in a cooperative manner leading to the presence of tight and well defined 1:2 ternary complexes. Optimized monomer combinations were subsequently used for imprinting of phosphatidic acid as an endotoxin dummy template. Presence of the aforementioned ternary complexes during polymerization resulted in imprinting of lipid dimers – the latter believed to crudely mimic the endotoxin Lipid A motif. The polymers were characterized with respect to template rebinding, binding affinity, capacity and common structural properties, leading to the identification of polymers which were thereafter subjected to an industrially validated endotoxin removal test. Two of the polymers were capable of removing endotoxin down to levels well below the accepted threshold (0.005 EU/mg API) in pharmaceutical production.
Disruption of Autolysis in Bacillus subtilis using TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: McGivney Eric , Han Linchen , Avellan Astrid , VanBriesen Jeanne , Gregory Kelvin B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn contrast to many nanotoxicity studies where nanoparticles (NPs) are observed to be toxic or reduce viable cells in a population of bacteria, we observed that increasing concentration of TiO2 NPs increased the cell survival of Bacillus subtilis in autolysis-inducing buffer by 0.5 to 5 orders of magnitude over an 8 hour exposure. Molecular investigations revealed that TiO2 NPs prevent or delay cell autolysis, an important survival and growth-regulating process in bacterial populations. Overall, the results suggest two potential mechanisms for the disruption of autolysis by TiO2 NPs in a concentration dependent manner: (i) directly, through TiO2 NP deposition on the cell wall, delaying the collapse of the protonmotive-force and preventing the onset of autolysis; and (ii) indirectly, through adsorption of autolysins on TiO2 NP, limiting the activity of released autolysins and preventing further lytic activity. Enhanced darkfield microscopy coupled to hyperspectral analysis was used to map TiO2 deposition on B. subtilis cell walls and released enzymes, supporting both mechanisms of autolysis interference. The disruption of autolysis in B. subtilis cultures by TiO2 NPs suggests the mechanisms and kinetics of cell death may be influenced by nano-scale metal oxide materials, which are abundant in natural systems.
Partitioning of red blood cell aggregates in bifurcating microscale flows
Authors: Kaliviotis E. , Sherwood J. M. , Balabani S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMicrovascular flows are often considered to be free of red blood cell aggregates, however, recent studies have demonstrated that aggregates are present throughout the microvasculature, affecting cell distribution and blood perfusion. This work reports on the spatial distribution of red blood cell aggregates in a T-shaped bifurcation on the scale of a large microvessel. Non-aggregating and aggregating human red blood cell suspensions were studied for a range of flow splits in the daughter branches of the bifurcation. Aggregate sizes were determined using image processing. The mean aggregate size was marginally increased in the daughter branches for a range of flow rates, mainly due to the lower shear conditions and the close cell and aggregate proximity therein. A counterintuitive decrease in the mean aggregate size was apparent in the lower flow rate branches. This was attributed to the existence of regions depleted by aggregates of certain sizes in the parent branch, and to the change in the exact flow split location in the T-junction with flow ratio. The findings of the present investigation may have significant implications for microvascular flows and may help explain why the effects of physiological RBC aggregation are not deleterious in terms of in vivo vascular resistance.
Modulated CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx film for efficient perovskite solar cells exceeding 18%
Authors: Tu Yongguang , Wu Jihuai , Lan Zhang , He Xin , Dong Jia , Jia Jinbiao , Guo Panfeng , Lin Jianming , Huang Miaoliang , Huang Yunfang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite layer is a crucial factor for the high performance perovskite solar cell (PSC). We introduce CH3NH3Br in the precursor solution to prepare CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx hybrid perovskite, and an uniform perovskite layer with improved crystallinity and apparent grain contour is obtained, resulting in the significant improvement of photovoltaic performance of PSCs. The effects of CH3NH3Br on the perovskite morphology, crystallinity, absorption property, charge carrier dynamics and device characteristics are discussed, and the improvement of open circuit voltage of the device depended on Br doping is confirmed. Based on above, the device based on CH3NH3PbI2.86Br0.14 exhibits a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.02%. This study represents an efficient method for high-performance perovskite solar cell by modulating CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx film.
An integrated analysis based on transcriptome and proteome reveals deastringency-related genes in CPCNA persimmon
Authors: Chen Wenxing , Xiong Yalou , Xu Liqing , Zhang Qinglin , Luo Zhengrong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPersimmon fruits accumulate a large amount of proanthocyanidins (PAs) during development. PAs cause a dry or puckering sensation due to its astringency. Pollination constant and non-astringent (PCNA) persimmon fruits can lose astringency during fruit ripening. However, little is known about the mechanism of natural de-astringency of Chinese PCNA (CPCNA). To gain insight into the molecular events of CPCNA natural de-astringency, we used mRNA-seq and iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis to measure changes in genes and proteins expression at two key stages of natural astringency removal (i.e. 10 and 20 weeks after bloom) and water-treated (i.e. 40 °C·12 h) de-astringency fruits. Our analyses show that the three predominantly process in CPCNA de-astringency: (1) water treatment strongly up-regulates glycolysis/acetaldehyde metabolism, (2) expression of genes/proteins involved in PA biosynthetic pathway was remarkably reduced in natural and water-treated de-astringency, (3) sugar metabolism and ethylene related pathway were quite abundant in natural de-astringency. We also found ethylene-related TFs were quite abundant in natural de-astringency, followed by WRKY and NAC transcription factors. These results provide an initial understanding of the predominantly biological processes underlying the natural de-astringency and “coagulation effect” in CPCNA.
Differential Proteomic Analysis by iTRAQ Reveals the Mechanism of Pyropia haitanensis Responding to High Temperature Stress
Authors: Shi Jianzhi , Chen Yuting , Xu Yan , Ji Dehua , Chen Changsheng , Xie Chaotian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGlobal warming increases sea temperature and leads to high temperature stress, which affects the yield and quality of Pyropia haitanensis. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying high temperature stress in a high temperature tolerance strain Z-61, the iTRAQ technique was employed to reveal the global proteomic response of Z-61 under different durations of high temperature stress. We identified 151 differentially expressed proteins and classified them into 11 functional categories. The 4 major categories of these are protein synthesis and degradation, photosynthesis, defense response, and energy and carbohydrate metabolism. These findings indicated that photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and secondary metabolism are inhibited by heat to limit damage to a repairable level. As time progresses, misfolded proteins and ROS accumulate and lead to the up-regulation of molecular chaperones, proteases, and antioxidant systems. Furthermore, to cope with cells injured by heat, PCD works to remove them. Additionally, sulfur assimilation and cytoskeletons play essential roles in maintaining cellular and redox homeostasis. These processes are based on signal transduction in the phosphoinositide pathway and multiple ways to supply energy. Conclusively, Z-61 establishes a new steady-state balance of metabolic processes and survives under higher temperature stress.
Alteration of osteoblast arrangement via direct attack by cancer cells: New insights into bone metastasis
Authors: Kimura Yumi , Matsugaki Aira , Sekita Aiko , Nakano Takayoshi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntact bone tissue exhibits a characteristic anisotropic microstructure derived from collagen fiber alignment and the related c-axis orientation of apatite crystals, which govern the mechanical properties of bone tissue. In contrast, tumor-invaded bone exhibits a disorganized, less-aligned microstructure that results in severely disrupted mechanical function. Despite its importance both in basic principle and in therapeutic applications, the classical understanding of bone metastasis is limited to alterations in bone mass regulated by metastatic cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrate a novel mechanism underlying the disruption of bone tissue anisotropy in metastasized bone. We observed that direct attack by cancer cells on osteoblasts induces the less-organized osteoblast arrangement. Importantly, the crystallographic anisotropy of bone tissue is quantitatively determined by the level of osteoblast arrangement. Osteoblast arrangement was significantly disrupted by physical contact with cancer cells such as osteolytic melanoma B16F10, breast cancer MDA-MB-231, and osteoblastic prostate cancer MDA-PCa-2b cells. The present findings demonstrate that the abnormal arrangement of osteoblasts induced by physical contact with cancer cells facilitates the disorganized microstructure of metastasized bone.
Consumer species richness and nutrients interact in determining producer diversity
Authors: Groendahl Sophie , Fink Patrick 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhile it is crucial to understand the factors that determine the biodiversity of primary producer communities, the relative importance of bottom-up and top-down control factors is still poorly understood. Using freshwater benthic algal communities in the laboratory as a model system, we find an unimodal relationship between nutrient availability and producer diversity, and that increasing number of consumer species increases producer diversity, but overall grazing decreases algal biodiversity. Interestingly, these two factors interact strongly in determining producer diversity, as an increase in nutrient supply diminishes the positive effect of consumer species richness on producer biodiversity. This novel and thus-far overlooked interaction of bottom-up and top-down control mechanisms of biodiversity may have a pronounced impact on ecosystem functioning and thus have repercussions for the fields of biodiversity conservation and restoration.
Are There Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile of Breast Milk with Supplementation of Omega-3 Sources? A Systematic Review
Authors: Marano Daniele , Silva Leila Maria Lopes da , Guimarães Aline Carnevale Lia Dias , Moreira Maria Elisabeth Lopes , Amaral Yasmin Notarbartolo di Villarosa do 
Published: March 2017

Purpose To evaluate the effect of supplementation with omega-3 sources on the fatty acid composition of human milk.
Methods The review consisted of the search for articles published in PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (Virtual Health Library[VHL]) and Web of Science databases using the following keywords: fatty acids, omega-3, human milk and supplementation; for this purpose, we have used the program of research to integrate the services for the maintenance of autonomy (PRISMA) checklist. The following selection criteria were used: articles in English, Portuguese, Spanish or Italian, published between 2000 and 2015, and about studies performed in humans. We found 710 articles that met the established criteria; however, only 22 of them were selected to be part of this study.
Results All studies found a positive relationship between the consumption of omega-3 sources and their concentration in human milk. The differences in the findings are due to the distinct methods used, such as the specific time of the omega-3 supplementation, the type of omega-3 source offered, as well as the sample size.
Conclusion Although the studies were different in several methodological aspects, it was possible to observe the importance of omega-3 supplementation during gestation and/or the puerperium.
A Giant Primary Retroperitoneal Serous Cystadenoma: Case Report and Review of Retroperitoneal Cysts
Authors: Mori Amit , Changela Kinesh , Alhankawi Dhuha , Itskovich Alexander , Butt Ahmar , Reddy Madhavi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPrimary retroperitoneal serous cystadenomas (PRSCs) are rare cystic lesions whose pathogenesis is currently not well understood. Although the vast majority of tumors are benign, early recognition and resection is necessary to avoid malignant transformation, rupture, and secondary infection. Here we present the case of a 79-year-old woman who presented with confusion, visual hallucinations, and a history of fall. As part of the work-up for abdominal distension, computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis was performed, which revealed a right-sided retroperitoneal cystic lesion measuring 26.6 × 16.7 cm in size. The lesion was resected laparoscopically, and the surgical specimen measured 28 × 17 cm. Histology revealed a serous cystadenoma. The postsurgical course was uneventful, and no radiological recurrence was noted on 3 months follow-up. Very few primary retroperitoneal cystic lesions have been reported in the literature. Most lesions are benign and predominantly occur in females. They may remain asymptomatic for long periods of time and are usually discovered when they reach very large in size. In rare cases, these lesions may have malignant potential. Diagnosis of PRSC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all retroperitoneal cysts.
Influence of environmental factors on the corrosion-fatigue response of a nickel-based superalloy
Authors: Cockings Hollie L. , Perkins Karen M. , Dowd Michael 
Published: March 2017

Nickel disc corrosion is an important area within the gas turbine engine, with the potential to affect the lives of critical rotating parts. To understand the influence of corrosion on such components, it is essential to generate material data in a representative environment; hot corrosion in conjunction with cyclic loading. A comprehensive assessment of the behaviour of alloys U720Li and RR1000 in a laboratory-simulated environment has been undertaken to explore and replicate corrosion-fatigue features that have been identified in service. Key parameters such as salt loading (flux) and variations in mechanical stress cycle have been examined and have shown to modify the corrosion morphology and resulting fatigue life of the material. This paper is part of a thematic issue on the 9th International Charles Parsons Turbine and Generator Conference. All papers have been revised and extended before publication in Materials Science and Technology.
DLTree: efficient and accurate phylogeny reconstruction using the dynamical language method
Authors: Wu Qi , Yu Zu-Guo , Yang Jianyi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Summary
A number of alignment-free methods have been proposed for phylogeny reconstruction over the past two decades. But there are some long-standing challenges in these methods, including requirement of huge computer memory and CPU time, and existence of duplicate computations. In this article, we address these challenges with the idea of compressed vector, fingerprint and scalable memory management. With these ideas we developed the DLTree algorithm for efficient implementation of the dynamical language model and whole genome-based phylogenetic analysis. The DLTree algorithm was compared with other alignment-free tools, demonstrating that it is more efficient and accurate for phylogeny reconstruction.

Availability and Implementation
The DLTree algorithm is freely available at http://dltree.xtu.edu.cn

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Impact of elimination diets on nutrition and growth in children with multiple food allergies
Authors: Venter Carina , Mazzocchi Alessandra , Maslin Kate , Agostoni Carlo 
Published: March 2017

Purpose of review
Growth and nutritional intake of children with cows’ milk allergy and other food allergens has been thoroughly investigated in recent years across many different countries and age groups. An impaired growth in atopic children should not be attributed only to a high number of allergens and foods to be avoided, but to a general condition of ‘sub-inflammation’, which unfavorably affects the absorption and utilization of fuel and substrates. Atopic study participants may represent a good target for personalized nutrition and in this review we sought to outline many of the issues that should be taken into account when dietitians advise patients regarding food avoidance and expected effects on growth.

Recent findings
The dietary management of food allergy requires appropriate dietary choices to maintain adequate growth, starting with special formulas in infancy. An emerging area of research is the fussy eating related to the exclusion of cow's milk and other foods during infancy and the long-term effects on eating habits and food preferences.

Summary
Study participants with either mono or polyallergic diseases should ideally undergo the definition of their allergic and metabolic characteristics, to precisely adjust dietary interventions on an individual basis to support the genetic potential of growth and prevent unfavorable outcomes.
IgG4-related disease
Authors: Bozzalla Cassione Emanuele , Stone John H. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose of review
Remarkable insights have been gleaned recently with regard to the pathophysiology of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). These findings have direct implications for the development of targeted strategies for the treatment of this condition.

Recent findings
Oligoclonal expansions of cells of both the B and T lymphocyte lineages are present in the blood of patients with IgG4-RD. Oligoclonal expansions of plasmablasts are a good biomarker for disease activity. An oligoclonally expanded population of CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes is found not only in the peripheral blood but also at tissue sites of active disease. This cell elaborates cytokines that may drive the fibrosis characteristic of IgG4-RD. T follicular helper cells (Tfhc), particularly the Tfhc2 subset, appear to play a major role in driving the class switch to IgG4 that typifies this disease. The relationship between malignancy and IgG4-RD remains an area of interest.

Summary
Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of IgG4-RD have proceeded swiftly, leading to the identification of a number of potential targeted treatment strategies. The completion of classification criteria for IgG4-RD, an effort supported jointly by the American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against Rheumatism, will further facilitate studies on this disease.
Obesity Is Associated With High Perioperative Complications Among Surgically Treated Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Femur
Authors: Kempegowda Harish , Richard Raveesh , Borade Amrut , Tawari Akhil , Graham Jove , Suk Michael , Howenstein Abby , Kubiak Erik N. , Sotomayor Vanessa R. , Koval Kenneth , Liporace Frank A. , Tejwani Nirmal , Horwitz Daniel S. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives:
To document the complications among obese patients who underwent surgical fixation for intertrochanteric femur (IT) fractures and to compare with nonobese patients.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Four level I trauma centers.

Patients:
1078 IT fracture patients.

Interventions:
None.

Main Outcome Measures:
Patient and fracture characteristics, surgical duration, surgical delay intraoperative and postoperative complications, inpatient mortality, and length of stay.

Method:
A retrospective review at 4 academic level I trauma centers was conducted to identify skeletally mature patients who underwent surgical fixation of intertrochanteric fractures between June 2008 and December 2014. Descriptive data, injury characteristics, OTA fracture classification, and associated medical comorbidities were documented. The outcomes measured included in-hospital complications, length of stay, rate of blood transfusion, change in hemoglobin levels, operative time, and wound infection.

Results:
Of 1078 unique patients who were treated for an IT fracture, 257 patients had a Body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater. Patients with a high BMI (≥30) had a significantly lower mean age (73 vs. 77 years, P < 0.0001), higher percentage of high-energy injuries (18% vs. 9%, P = 0.0004), greater mean duration of surgery (96 vs. 86 minutes, P = 0.02), and higher mean length of stay (6.5 vs. 5.9 days, P = 0.004). The high-BMI group (n = 257) had significantly higher percentages of patients with complications overall (43% vs. 28%, P < 0.0001), respiratory complications (11% vs. 3%, P < 0.0001), electrolyte abnormalities (4% vs. 2%, P = 0.01), and sepsis (4% vs. 1%, P = 0.002). Patients with BMI ≥ 40 had a much higher rate of respiratory complications (18%) and wound complications (5%) than obese (BMI: 30–39.9) and nonobese patients (BMI < 30).

Conclusion:
Intertrochanteric hip fracture patients with a BMI of >30 kg/m2 are much more likely to sustain systemic complications including respiratory complications, electrolyte abnormalities, and sepsis. In addition, morbidly obese patients are more likely to sustain respiratory complications and wound infections than obese (BMI: 30–39.9 kg/m2) and nonobese patients (BMI: < 30 kg/m2). The findings from this study can help direct surgeons in the counseling to obese patients and their family, and perhaps increase hospital reimbursement for this group of patients.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.