bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Egg Size Scales Negatively With System Size in a Periodic Fish Species
Authors: Koenigbauer Scott T. , Feiner Zachary S. , Dickinson Benjamin , Shaw Stephanie L. , Almeida L. Zoe , DuFour Mark R. , Gatch Alexander J. , Schraidt Claire , Höök Tomas O. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTOptimal egg size theory implies that female organisms balance between fecundity and individual offspring investment according to their environment. Past interspecific studies suggest that fishes in large marine systems generally produce smaller eggs than those in small freshwater systems. We tested whether intraspecific egg size variation reflected a similar pattern by comparing egg size among yellow perch (Perca flavescens) populations inhabiting a range of system sizes. In 2018, 2019, and 2023, we collected yellow perch egg samples from 12 locations in systems ranging in surface area from 37 to 5,390,492 ha. First, we found that egg diameter significantly increased with maternal total length in five of eight individually tested populations. After accounting for these maternal effects, we found a significant interaction, where females inhabiting larger lakes, such as the main basins of Lakes Erie and Michigan, produced smaller eggs than those in smaller inland lakes, and the greatest differences were demonstrated among females of greater total length. This egg size variation in the largest females is consistent with interspecific egg size comparisons between marine and freshwater fishes. However, by examining a single species across vastly different environments, we were able to support theoretical expectations that maternal investment in offspring should vary with environmental conditions controlling early‐life resource acquisition and competition.
Megabenthic Diversity Patterns on a Seamount in the Philippine Sea: Implications for Conservation Planning on the Kyushu‐Palau Ridge
Authors: Lu Xun , Shen Chengcheng , Yang Chenghao , Xu Weikun , Yang Juan , Wang Chunsheng , Sun Dong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe oligotrophic tropical western Pacific region is characterized by a high density of seamounts, with the Kyushu‐Palau Ridge (KPR) being the longest seamount chain here. Effective spatial management plans for seamount ecosystems necessitate an understanding of distribution patterns and key environmental factors influencing benthic communities. However, knowledge regarding deep‐sea biodiversity patterns over intricate topography remains limited. In this study, we investigated a seamount with a water depth of 522 m at the summit located in the southern section of KPR. Survey transects were conducted from 522 m to 4059 m. By analyzing video‐recorded data obtained by a human‐occupied vehicle (HOV) during dives and environmental variables derived from bathymetry, distinct assemblages were identified through noise clustering. α‐ and β‐diversity patterns within the seamount megabenthic community were analyzed across the depth gradient, along with investigation of their environmental drivers. A total of 10,596 megafauna individuals were documented, categorized into 88 morphospecies and statistically separated into six distinct community clusters using noise clustering analysis. Species abundance and richness were highest within the 700–800 m water depth range, declining notably beyond 2100 m, indicating a critical threshold for habitat classification in this region. The β‐diversity of megabenthic communities was high (0.836). Although β‐diversity patterns along the depth gradient were mostly dominated by differences in species richness, the contribution of species replacement increased with depth, becoming dominant at depths greater than 3000 m. Depth emerged as the primary driver of spatial variation in community structure, while near‐bottom current velocity, topographic parameters (bathymetric position index, slope), and substrate type also influenced the formation of microhabitats. The study highlights the depth gradients, thresholds, and other intricate environmental factors shaping the spatial heterogeneity of these communities. It provides valuable insights for the future development of effective survey and conservation strategies for benthic biodiversity on the KPR.
Reproductive ecology and egg parasitism of the Samoan swallowtail butterfly
Authors: Banko Paul C. , Schmaedick Mark A. , Peck Robert W. , Miles Adam C. , Leifi Niela P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigated the reproductive ecology and effects of egg parasitism on the Samoan swallowtail butterfly (Papilio godeffroyi), which survives only on Tutuila Island, American Samoa, after having disappeared from the much larger islands of Upolu and Savai‘i in independent Samoa. During monthly surveys of its only known host plant, Micromelum minutum, across eight sites in 2013 and 2014, we collected eggs, eggshells, larvae, pupae, and pupal exuviae. Live specimens were reared under laboratory conditions to determine reproductive outcomes, developmental rates, and sex ratios, as well as parasitoid attack frequencies, brood sizes, and sex ratios. Sixty‐six of 448 (14.7%) eggs produced larvae, 47 of which became adults. The sex ratio was approximately even overall and within each developmental stage. Eggs were slightly larger on individual host trees and in host tree stands that yielded more eggs per unit of foliage, indicating that ovipositing females responded to some features of host trees and stands. Eggs hatching female or male larvae were similar in size, and the sexes developed at similar rates. A newly described species of parasitoid wasp, Ooencyrtus pitosina (Encyrtidae), emerged from 73.6% of 382 butterfly eggs that failed to hatch in the laboratory (62.7% of 448 eggs overall). Forty‐one other eggs contained dead parasitoid larvae. An additional, unidentified Ooencyrtus wasp species emerged from a single P. godeffroyi egg. No parasitoids were reared from P. godeffroyi larvae or pupae. Of 656 P. godeffroyi eggshells collected in the field and examined in the laboratory, 62.2% showed signs of having been parasitized by O. pitosina. There was no evidence that parasitism rates were density‐dependent. O. pitosina brood sizes ranged from 1 to 5, with the sex ratio skewed toward females (2.40 F:1.00 M). Larger parasitoid broods were associated with slightly larger host eggs, indicating that female wasps may adjust brood size according to host egg size or that fewer wasp larvae are able to complete development in smaller eggs. Techniques used to rear both P. godeffroyi and O. pitosina in the laboratory could be applied to a captive‐rear, wild‐release program, which may facilitate reestablishment of the species in Samoa.
KSCN‐Mediated One‐Pot Thiocyanation Tandem Cyclization of Enaminones: a Facile Access to 2‐amino/imino Thiazolo Fused Chromone and Coumarin Frameworks
Authors: Kumawat Akshay , Mansuri Sumbul , Sravani Galla Mary , Shankaraiah Nagula 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA rapid metal‐free approach describing one‐pot thiocyanation of chromone and coumarin enabling tandem cyclization via potassium thiocyanate as a sulfur surrogate was unveiled. Interestingly, this enaminone‐mediated protocol facilitated straightforward access to medicinally significant 2‐amino/imino thiazolo fused chromone and coumarin frameworks. This methodology provided good atom‐economy, remarkable functional group tolerance, and scalability. Alongside establishing a wide substrate scope, it also provided a feasible scalability up to gram scale.
A Mechanistic Study of the Oxidation of Substituted Benzyl Alcohols with Trichloroisocyanuric Acid
Authors: dos Santos Carlos V. P. , de Mattos Marcio C. S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA systematic mechanistic study employing rate constant (kobs) kinetics measurements, linear free‐energy relationship, hydrogen kinetic isotope effect and rate law, as well as the Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach (M06‐2x/6‐311G(d,p)) for the oxidation of diverse substituted benzyl alcohols with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA)/H2O in 50 % MeCN/CH2Cl2 at 25.0 °C is present. The kinetic results showed an autocatalytic behavior and a primary kinetic isotope effect (4.22). The linear free‐energy relationship (σ, ρ=−1.22) indicated a mechanism change for 4‐CF3, 3‐NO2 and 4‐NO2 substituted benzyl alcohols and a fractional rate law (3.25) for benzyl alcohol. The DFT results indicated Cl2, formed in situ from TCCA and HCl. Furthermore, calculations support the kinetic results with high agreement through a transition state that performs a hydride abstraction by autocatalytic Cl2 in the induction zone. In the case of substrates bearing strong electron withdrawing groups, the mechanism changes to hydrogen abstraction from the corresponding benzyl hypochlorite as the main pathway.
Influencing factor and path research on the high‐quality development of the urban mining industry
Authors: Wang Yusu , Liu Jinlong , Li Luomeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe recycling of urban mining is one of the means to alleviate resource bottlenecks and build an ecological industrial system in China. To study the characteristics of high‐quality development of the urban mining industry, the high‐quality development capacity of this industry from 2006 to 2020 is evaluated based on the entropy weighting – catastrophe progression method, and its development pattern and influencing factors are discussed. The analysis results show that: ①The high‐quality development capacity of the urban mining industry declines slowly, with an average annual decline of about 0.399% from 2006 to 2020, and the overall development quality level is on average. The provinces with high‐quality development are scattered from the east region of the Hu Line to the north and south regions, and non‐high‐quality development provinces are contiguous. ②The positive spatial correlation of the urban mining industry is significant, but the agglomeration degree in high‐quality development provinces is low‐high‐low. According to the spatial agglomeration characteristics, the high‐quality development pattern is divided into five zones. ③Among the factors driving the high‐quality development of the urban mining industry, regional GDP per capita, R&D investment, the number of patent applications granted and Internet penetration rate are the core influencing factors. High‐quality sustainable zone and high‐quality restoration zone need to rely on the number of granted patent applications to achieve high‐quality maintenance and restoration, high‐quality compensation zone and high‐quality stability maintenance zone need GDP per capita and R&D investment, high‐quality development zone relies on Internet penetration rate to explore high‐quality development potential.
Quantification of Two Sulfide Compounds in Oleo–Gum‐Resin Supplement of Ferula foetida Using qH NMR and GC–MS Methods
Authors: Eghbali Samira , Iranshahi Mehrdad , Rezaee Ramin , Farhadi Faegheh 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAsafoetida is an oleo–gum‐resin mainly obtained from Ferula foetida in eastern Iran, which is employed for the treatment of stomachaches, acid reflux, nervous system disorders and respiratory diseases. Asafoetida has attracted the attention of researchers due to its sulfide compounds and their proven effects on respiratory illnesses. In this study, the shelf stability of supplement of F. foetida's oleo–gum‐resin by quantifying two key sulfide compounds including E/Z‐sec‐butyl propenyl disulfane and E/Z‐(methylthio)propyl 1‐propenyl disulfane was evaluated by 1H NMR (qH NMR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The similar results were obtained in both qH NMR and GC–MS methods. The qH NMR method showed good linearity in the ranges of 2–12 mg/mL for E/Z‐sec‐butyl propenyl disulfane and 2.2–17 mg/mL for E/Z‐(methylthio) propyl 1‐propenyl disulfane with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and acceptable stability (RSD% ≤ 2.72%) for the quantification of the compounds. Therefore, despite the volatility of disulfide compounds and according to the results, the qH NMR method could be considered adequate method for quantifying these compounds in supplements containing the volatile components that requires extra extraction steps before analyses by other method.
Intermediate and secondary school food environment in New Zealand: Food and drink menu assessment
Authors: Green Shannon , Ali Ajmol , Wham Carol 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedNutrition‐related obesity is rising among adolescents in New Zealand with an estimated one in eight children being obese. The school environment is an ideal community setting for encouraging a healthy lifestyle as schools contain a diverse population and involve students and parents. However, the healthiness of food available to intermediate and secondary school students (Years 7–13) is unknown. This study assessed how food and drink menus from schools align with policy guidelines for healthy school food environments.MethodsA convenience sample of NZ schools' (years 7–13; ages 10–19) menus was collected in 2020. Menus were classified using traffic light criteria. A toolkit was developed by three nutritionists and one dietitian (with trained staff support) to aid with menu classification. Menu quality was evaluated against school characteristics and policy use.ResultsOf the school menus assessed (n = 60), 3.3% met the recommendation for the provision of 75% ‘green’ items. ‘Red’ items were the main contributors (mean = 53.6%). Schools with high socio‐economic status (deciles 8–10; 14.3%; p < 0.05) and small school size (<749 students; 14.1%; p < 0.025) were associated with a higher proportion of ‘green’ items. Community (19.3%) and in‐house (25.9%) food providers provided a lower percentage of ‘amber’ items than school providers (39.3%; p < 0.001). In‐house providers (64.6%) had a greater percentage of ‘red’ items than school providers (48.2%; p = 0.017).ConclusionFood available in schools (Years 7–13) tends to be unhealthy. A national nutrition policy could improve the school food environment, especially in schools with large populations and low socio‐economic status.So What?School demographics have been associated with menu quality but further research within these schools is needed to identify the gaps to improve equitable outcomes within school food environments.
Strain‐induced morphology evolution and charge transport in conjugated polymer films
Authors: Ding Zicheng , Zhao Kui , Han Yanchun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStretchable conjugated polymer films are pivotal in flexible and wearable electronics. Despite significant advancements in film stretchability through molecular engineering and multicomponent blending, these conjugated polymer films often exhibit limited elastic ranges and reduced carrier mobilities under large strain or after cyclic stretching. These limitations hinder their application in wearable electronics. Therefore, it is imperative to reveal the mechanical fatigue mechanisms and incorporate multiple strain energy dissipation strategies to enhance elastic deformation and electrical performance of stretched conjugated polymer films. In this review, we begin by introducing the typical mechanical behaviors of conjugated polymer films. Subsequently, we discuss the multiscale structural evolution under various stretching conditions based on both in‐situ and ex‐situ characterizations. This analysis is further related to the diverse strain energy dissipation mechanisms. We next establish the correlation between strain‐induced microstructure and the electrical performance of stretched conjugated polymer films. After that, we propose to develop highly elastic conjugated polymer films by constructing stable crosslinks and promoting polymer dynamics in low‐crystalline polymer films. Finally, we highlight the future opportunities for high‐performance and mechanically stable devices based on stretchable conjugated polymer films.
Trends in operative vaginal delivery rates: A 20‐year retrospective analysis in Ireland
Authors: Kane D. , Daly R. , Tunney E. , Fullston E. , Gryson R. , Kent E. , Flood K. , Malone F. 
Published: October 2024

SynopsisForceps delivery rates are increasing significantly, with a significant decrease in vacuum‐assisted delivery, with no change in neonatal morbidity or mortality.
Leveraging Broad‐Spectrum Fluorescence Data and Machine Learning for High‐Accuracy Bacterial Species Identification
Authors: Mito Daisuke , Okihara Shin‐ichiro , Kurita Masakazu , Hatayama Nami , Yoshino Yusuke , Watanabe Yoshinobu , Ishii Katsuhiro 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRapid and accurate identification of bacterial species is essential for the effective treatment of infectious diseases and suppression of antibiotic‐resistant strains. The unique autofluorescence properties of bacterial cells are exploited for rapid and cost‐effective identification that is suitable for point‐of‐care applications. Fluorescence spectroscopy is combined with machine learning to improve the diagnostic accuracy. Good training data for machine learning can be obtained to achieve the same diagnostic accuracy for bacterial species as when each wavelength is measured in detail over a broad spectral width. Experiments were performed testing 14 bacterial strains. The excitation‐emission matrix was analyzed, and Bayesian optimization was used to identify the most effective combinations of wavelengths. The results showed that fluorescence spectra using three specific excitation light regions or excitation spectra using two broad fluorescence detection regions could be used as supervised data to realize diagnostic accuracy comparable to that obtained with more complex instruments.
Basic understanding of Cu‐SSZ‐13 in catalyzing low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia
Authors: Wang Yujie , Zhu Tao , Zhao Yunzhe , Hao Xiaobin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of Cu‐SSZ‐13 represents a significant breakthrough in the field of NOx removal from mobile exhaust, demonstrating excellent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) activity across a broad temperature range (200–500°C). However, the limited reactivity of Cu‐SSZ‐13 at temperatures below 200°C poses a challenge for the removal of NOx emitted during vehicle cold starts. To stimulate new efforts to enhance low‐temperature SCR performance, this review provides a fundamental understanding of the nature of Cu‐SSZ‐13 in catalyzing the SCR reaction. The structures, coordination environments, and oxidation states of Cu2+ during the SCR reaction, as well as the redox cycle pathway of Cu2+ ions and the characteristics of the rate‐determining step, were discussed. Based on these insights, several strategies for improving the low‐temperature activity of Cu‐SSZ‐13 are proposed. Finally, the review offers a perspective on the future of low‐temperature SCR of NOx over Cu‐SSZ‐13.
Pharmacological Management of Sleep–Wake Disturbances in Delirium
Authors: Levinsohn Erik A. , Radhakrishnan Varsha , Euting Haley , Kaplan Gary B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDelirium is a heterogeneous syndrome primarily characterized by fluctuations in attention and awareness. Sleep–wake disturbances are a common and significant feature of delirium and can manifest as circadian rhythm inversion, sleep fragmentation, and reduced rapid eye movement (REM) and slow‐wave sleep. Some literature suggests that the relationship between sleep disruption and delirium is reciprocal wherein the two reinforce one another and may share an underlying etiology. As there are no FDA‐approved medications for delirium or delirium‐related sleep disturbances, management is primarily focused on addressing underlying medical concerns and promoting physiologic circadian patterns with non‐pharmacological behavioral interventions. In practice, however, medications are often used, albeit with limited evidence to support their use. This literature review explores the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of several medications with literature investigating their use in delirium: melatonin, ramelteon, dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs), and dexmedetomidine. Current evidence suggests a possible benefit of ramelteon or melatonin, dexmedetomidine for patients in the ICU setting, and DORAs as therapeutic options for the re‐regulation of sleep–wake cycle disruption in delirium. We discuss pertinent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors that may influence clinical decision‐making regarding these interventions.
An update on autophagy disorders
Authors: Dafsari Hormos Salimi , Martinelli Diego , Saffari Afshin , Ebrahimi‐Fakhari Darius , Fanto Manolis , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo , Jungbluth Heinz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMacroautophagy is a highly conserved cellular pathway for the degradation and recycling of defective cargo including proteins, organelles, and macromolecular complexes. As autophagy is particularly relevant for cellular homeostasis in post‐mitotic tissues, congenital disorders of autophagy, due to monogenic defects in key autophagy genes, share a common “clinical signature” including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuromuscular features, as well as variable abnormalities of the eyes, skin, heart, bones, immune cells, and other organ systems, depending on the expression pattern and the specific function of the defective proteins. Since the clinical and genetic resolution of EPG5‐related Vici syndrome, the paradigmatic congenital disorder of autophagy, the widespread use of massively parallel sequencing has resulted in the identification of a growing number of autophagy‐associated disease genes, encoding members of the core autophagy machinery as well as related proteins. Recently identified monogenic disorders linking selective autophagy, vesicular trafficking, and other pathways have further expanded the molecular and phenotypical spectrum of congenital disorders of autophagy as a clinical disease spectrum. Moreover, significant advances in basic research have enhanced the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology as a basis for therapy development. Here, we review (i) autophagy in the context of other intracellular trafficking pathways; (ii) the main congenital disorders of autophagy and their typical clinico‐pathological signatures; and (iii) the recommended primary health surveillance in monogenic disorders of autophagy based on available evidence. We further discuss recently identified molecular mechanisms that inform the current understanding of autophagy in health and disease, as well as perspectives on future therapeutic approaches.