bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of intelligence on consumers' responsiveness to a pro‐environmental tax: Evidence from large‐scale data on car acquisitions of male consumers
Authors: Aspara Jaakko , Luo Xueming , Dhar Ravi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractResearchers and policy‐makers are increasingly interested in the effects of pro‐environmental tax incentives on consumer responses. However, it is unknown whether consumers' responsiveness to pro‐environmental taxes depends on cognitive ability. We report a natural experiment study, in which a pro‐environmental tax was introduced in Finland, providing an economic benefit for cars with lower CO2 emissions. We examine 140,000 car acquisitions by male consumers, whose intelligence had been tested by Finnish Defense Forces. The results show that the CO2 emissions of cars acquired by consumers with higher intelligence dropped more after the introduction of the tax than the emissions of cars of consumers with lower intelligence. Specifically, intelligence had both a direct effect on responsiveness to the pro‐environmental tax, and an indirect effect via income. The effect was more pronounced for numeric intelligence than verbal and spatial logic intelligence and of equal size as that of income and other demographics. This implies that intelligence is an empirically as well as theoretically relevant variable to study as a moderator to choices that are simultaneously pro‐environmental and economical.
Warrant price responses to credit spread changes: Fact or fiction?
Authors: Schertler Andrea , Stoerch Saskia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe use a new approach to analyze the relationship between warrant prices and issuers’ credit spreads. This approach allows us to gain insights into whether issuers use their credit risk systematically to increase their profits. In a post‐Lehman sample, we find strong support for a systematic use since issuers decrease prices less after cred it spread increases than they increase prices after credit spread decreases. Credit spread decreases are accompanied by price increases on several successive days. This sluggish adjustment in prices can be explained by the fact that retail investors’ purchase decisions depend on product prices.
Heavy viable trajectories of controlled systems
Authors: Frankowska Halina , Aubin Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2017

We define and study the concept of
heavy
viable trajectories of a controlled system with feedbacks. Viable trajectories are trajectories satisfying at each instant given constraints on the state. The controls regulating viable trajectories evolve according a
set-valued feedback map
. Heavy viable trajectories are the ones which are associated to the controls in the feedback map whose velocity has at each instant minimal norm. We construct the differential equation governing the evolution of the controls associated to heavy viable trajectories and we prove their existence. These results are applied to exchange economies for finding heavy trajectories of a dynamical decentralized allocation mechanism explaining the evolution of prices.

Résumé

Nous définissons le concept de trajectoire viable
lourde
d’un système contrôlé avec rétroaction. Les trajectoires viables sont celles qui obéissent à chaque instant à des contraintes pesant sur l’état du système. Les contrôles régulant les trajectoires viables évoluent selon une loi de rétroaction multivoque. Les trajectoires viables lourdes sont associées aux contrôles régulant les trajectoires viables dont la
norme de la vitesse est minimale
(parmi ceux régulant les trajectoires viables). Nous construisons les équations différentielles gouvernant les contrôles associés aux trajectoires viables lourdes et nous démontrons leur existence. Ces résultats sont appliqués aux économies d’échange pour obtenir les trajectoires viables lourdes d’un mécanisme d’allocations de ressources dynamique et décentralisé, ce qui peut expliquer l’évolution des prix.
The global Cauchy problem for the non linear Schrödinger equation revisited
Authors: Ginibre J. , Velo G. 
Published: March 2017

We study the Cauchy problem for a class of non-linear Schrödinger equations. We prove the existence of global weak solutions by a compactness method and, under stronger assumptions, the uniqueness of those solutions, thereby generalizing previous results.

Résumé
On étudie le problème de Cauchy pour une classe d’équations de Schrödinger non linéaires. On démontre l’existence de solutions faibles globales par une méthode de compacité, et sous des hypothèses plus fortes, l’unicité de ces solutions, généralisant ainsi les résultats connus précédemment.
On minimal surfaces with free boundaries in given homotopy classes
Authors: Tolksdorf Peter 
Published: March 2017

Let

S

be a smooth compact imbedded surface in

ℝ^{3}

and let

B

be the unit disc in

ℝ^{2}

. We consider the problem of finding a surface that minimizes area among all surfaces which have the topological type of a disc and which have boundaries in a given nontrivial homotopy class

H

of curves

γ: ∂B → S

. We show that

H

can be decomposed into finitely many homotopy classes

H_1, …, H_k

for which the problem is solvable.

Résumé

Soit

S

une surface compacte régulière dans

ℝ^{3}

et soit

B

un disque dans

ℝ^{2}

. On étudie le problème de trouver une surface qui minimise la superficie entre les surfaces qui sont topologiquement équivalentes à un disque et qui ont des frontières dans une classe d’homotopie

H

nontriviale des courbes

γ: ∂B → S

. On prouve qu’on peut décomposer

H

dans des classes d’homotopie

H_1, H_2, …, H_k

non triviales pour lesquelles il existe une solution du problème étudié.
Critère d’existence de solutions positives pour des équations semi-linéaires non monotones
Authors: Baras Pierre , Pierre Michel 
Published: March 2017

We give a necessary and sufficient condition on

f \in \mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1}(\mathrm{U})

,

f ≥ 0

for the existence of a nonnegative solution for the equation

u\left(x\right) = \int _{\mathrm{U}}\mathrm{N}\left(x,y\right)j\left(u\left(y\right)\right)dy + f\left(x\right)\:\:\mathrm{a.e.}\:\:x \in \mathrm{U}.

Here

j

is a convex function from

[0, ∞[

into

[0, ∞[

and

\mathrm{N}

is a nonnegative kernel of

\mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1}(\mathrm{U} \times \mathrm{U})

. This equation contains as a special case elliptic and parabolic semilinear equations of nonmonotone type like, for instance

\left\{
\begin{align*}
&−\mathrm{\Delta }u = u^{\mathrm{\gamma }} + g\:&&\mathrm{on }\:\mathrm{\Omega },\:\:g \geq 0\:\mathrm{and}\:\mathrm{\gamma } > 1\:\mathrm{given} \\
&u \geq 0\quad u = 0\:\:&&\mathrm{on }\:∂\mathrm{\Omega }
\end{align*}
\right.

and its parabolic version. These examples are treated in detail. Necessary conditions in terms of

\mathrm{W}^{2,\:\mathrm{\gamma }′}

-capacity are also given.

Résumé

On donne une condition nécessaire et suffisante sur

f \in \mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1}(\mathrm{U})

,

f ≥ 0

, pour que l’équation

u\left(x\right) = \int _{\mathrm{U}}\mathrm{N}\left(x,y\right)j\left(u\left(y\right)\right)dy + f\left(x\right)\:\:\mathrm{p.p.}\:\:x \in \mathrm{U}

ait une solution positive; ici,

j

est une fonction convexe de

[0, ∞[

dans

[0, ∞[

et

\mathrm{N}

est un noyau positif de

\mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1}(\mathrm{U} \times \mathrm{U})

. Entrent dans ce cadre les équations semi-linéaires elliptiques et paraboliques non monotones avec non-linéarité convexe comme, par exemple, le problem

\left\{
\begin{align*}
&−\mathrm{\Delta }u = u^{\mathrm{\gamma }} + g\:
&&\mathrm{sur }\:\mathrm{\Omega },\:\:g \geq 0\:\mathrm{et}\:\mathrm{\gamma } > 1\:\text{donnés} \\
&u \geq 0\quad u = 0\:\:
&&\mathrm{sur }\:∂\mathrm{\Omega }
\end{align*}
\right.

et sa version parabolique. Les applications à ces exemples sont traitées en détail. Des conditions nécessaires en termes de

\mathrm{W}^{2,\:\mathrm{\gamma }′}

-capacité sont explicitées.
Solutions in the large for certain nonlinear parabolic systems
Authors: Hoff David , Smoller Joel 
Published: March 2017

We prove the global existence of smooth solutions for certain systems of the form

u_t + f(u)_x = \mathrm Du_{xx}

. Here

u

and

f

are vectors and

\mathrm D

is a constant, positive matrix. We assume that the Cauchy data

u_0

satisfies

\left\|u_{0}−\bar u\right\|_{\mathrm{L}^{∞}\left(ℝ\right)} < r

, where

\bar u

is a fixed vector and

f

is defined in an

r

-ball about

\bar u

, and that

\left\|u_{0}−\bar u\right\|_{\mathrm{L}^{2}\left(ℝ\right)}

is sufficiently small. We show how our results apply to the equations of (nonisentropic) gas dynamics, and we include a result which shows that for the Navier–Stokes equations of compressible flow, smoothing of initial discontinuities must occur for the velocity and energy, but cannot occur for the density.

Résumé

Nous démontrons l’existence globale de solutions régulières pour certains systèmes de la forme

u_t + f(u)_x = \mathrm Du_{xx}

, où

u

et

f

sont des vecteurs et

\mathrm D

une matrice constante définie positive. Nous supposons que la donnée initiale

u_0

vérifie

\left\|u_{0}−\bar u\right\|_{∞} < r

où

\bar u

est fixé,

f

défini dans la boule de centre

\bar u

et de rayon

r

, et

\left\|u_{0}−\bar u\right\|_{2}

est suffisamment petit. Nous montrons ensuite comment nos résultats s’appliquent aux équations de la dynamique des gaz (cas non isentropique), et nous prouvons, en particulier, que pour les équations de Navier–Stokes pour les fluides compressibles, la régularisation des discontinuités initiales doit apparaître pour la vitesse et l’énergie, mais ne peut pas se produire pour la densité.
Women managing women: An holistic relational approach to managing relationships at work
Authors: Hurst Jane , Leberman Sarah , Edwards Margot 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWith women representing nearly half of the workforce in Western countries, it is likely that a woman will have a woman manager and/or employees at some point during her working life. In our research, we worked collaboratively with 13 New Zealand women to develop personal and organisational responses when hierarchical relationships between women become strained. We identified four interlinked strategies at the personal and organisational level: developing awareness of the existence and nature of the conflict, enhancing personal and relational skills such as confidence and communication, building support networks within and outside the organisation, and finding acceptance when change is needed. Taking a gendered relational perspective, we propose that responses to a strained relationship need to be considered within the broader personal, organisational, societal and temporal context within which the relationship is situated. Therefore, we propose a more holistic relational and context-focussed framework to create an environment more conducive to understanding and positive change.
Paternalistic leadership and employee creativity: A mediated moderation model
Authors: Wang Yating , Tang Chaoying , Naumann Stefanie E , Wang Yong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOur study extends the relationship between paternalistic leadership and employee creativity by identifying employee organizational identification as a mediator and employee perceived job security as a moderator. Results based on the data of 378 employees from a large bank in China indicated that employee perceived job security moderated the relationship between the morality component of paternalistic leadership and employee creativity. In addition, employee organizational identification mediated the relationship between the morality component of paternalistic leadership and employee creativity. We discuss implications for research on paternalistic leadership and employee creativity.
ON THE STANLEY DEPTH AND SIZE OF MONOMIAL IDEALS
Authors: SEYED FAKHARI S. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLet $\mathbb{K}$ be a field and S = ${\mathbb{K}}$[x1, . . ., xn] be the polynomial ring in n variables over the field $\mathbb{K}$. For every monomial ideal I ⊂ S, we provide a recursive formula to determine a lower bound for the Stanley depth of S/I. We use this formula to prove the inequality sdepth(S/I) ≥ size(I) for a particular class of monomial ideals.
PURE-INJECTIVITY FROM A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE
Authors: LÓPEZ-PERMOUTH S. R. , MASTROMATTEO J. , TOLOOEI Y. , UNGOR B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe study of pure-injectivity is accessed from an alternative point of view. A module M is called pure-subinjective relative to a module N if for every pure extension K of N, every homomorphism N → M can be extended to a homomorphism K → M. The pure-subinjectivity domain of the module M is defined to be the class of modules N such that M is N-pure-subinjective. Basic properties of the notion of pure-subinjectivity are investigated. We obtain characterizations for various types of rings and modules, including absolutely pure (or, FP-injective) modules, von Neumann regular rings and (pure-) semisimple rings in terms of pure-subinjectivity domains. We also consider cotorsion modules, endomorphism rings of certain modules, and, for a module N, (pure) quotients of N-pure-subinjective modules.
Reduced optimism and a heightened neural response to everyday worries are specific to generalized anxiety disorder, and not seen in social anxiety
Authors: Blair K. S. , Otero M. , Teng C. , Geraci M. , Ernst M. , Blair R. J. R. , Pine D. S. , Grillon C. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are co-morbid and associated with similar neural disruptions during emotion regulation. In contrast, the lack of optimism examined here may be specific to GAD and could prove an important biomarker for that disorder.MethodUnmedicated individuals with GAD (n = 18) and age-, intelligence quotient- and gender-matched SAD (n = 18) and healthy (n = 18) comparison individuals were scanned while contemplating likelihoods of high- and low-impact negative (e.g. heart attack; heartburn) or positive (e.g. winning lottery; hug) events occurring to themselves in the future.ResultsAs expected, healthy subjects showed significant optimistic bias (OB); they considered themselves significantly less likely to experience future negative but significantly more likely to experience future positive events relative to others (p < 0.001). This was also seen in SAD, albeit at trend level for positive events (p < 0.001 and p < 0.10, respectively). However, GAD patients showed no OB for positive events (t17 = 0.82, n.s.) and showed significantly reduced neural modulation relative to the two other groups of regions including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and caudate to these events (p < 0.001 for all). The GAD group further differed from the other groups by showing increased neural responses to low-impact events in regions including the rostral mPFC (p < 0.05 for both).ConclusionsThe neural dysfunction identified here may represent a unique feature associated with reduced optimism and increased worry about everyday events in GAD. Consistent with this possibility, patients with SAD did not show such dysfunction. Future studies should consider if this dysfunction represents a biomarker for GAD.
Global histone modification fingerprinting in human cells using epigenetic reverse phase protein array
Authors: Partolina Marina , Thoms Hazel C , MacLeod Kenneth G , Rodriguez-Blanco Giovanny , Clarke Matthew N , Venkatasubramani Anuroop V , Beesoo Rima , Larionov Vladimir , Neergheen-Bhujun Vidushi S , Serrels Bryan , Kimura Hiroshi , Carragher Neil O , Kagansky Alexander 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe balance between acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins plays a critical role in the regulation of genomic functions. Aberrations in global levels of histone modifications are linked to carcinogenesis and are currently the focus of intense scrutiny and translational research investments to develop new therapies, which can modify complex disease pathophysiology through epigenetic control. However, despite significant progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic machinery in various genomic contexts and cell types, the links between epigenetic modifications and cellular phenotypes are far from being clear. For example, enzymes controlling histone modifications utilize key cellular metabolites associated with intra- and extracellular feedback loops, adding a further layer of complexity to this process. Meanwhile, it has become increasingly evident that new assay technologies which provide robust and precise measurement of global histone modifications are required, for at least two pressing reasons: firstly, many approved drugs are known to influence histone modifications and new cancer therapies are increasingly being developed towards targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and other epigenetic readers and writers. Therefore, robust assays for fingerprinting the global effects of such drugs on preclinical cell, organoid and in vivo models is required; and secondly, robust histone-fingerprinting assays applicable to patient samples may afford the development of next-generation diagnostic and prognostic tools. In our study, we have used a panel of monoclonal antibodies to determine the relative changes in the global abundance of post-translational modifications on histones purified from cancer cell lines treated with HDAC inhibitors using a novel technique, called epigenetic reverse phase protein array. We observed a robust increase in acetylation levels within 2–24 h after inhibition of HDACs in different cancer cell lines. Moreover, when these cells were treated with N-acetylated amino acids in addition to HDACs, we detected a further increase in histone acetylation, demonstrating that these molecules could be utilized as donors of the acetyl moiety for protein acetylation. Consequently, this study not only offers a novel assay for diagnostics and drug screening but also warrants further research of the novel class of inexpensive, non-toxic natural compounds that could potentiate the effects of HDAC inhibitors and is therefore of interest for cancer therapeutics.
Lysogeny in nature: mechanisms, impact and ecology of temperate phages
Authors: Howard-Varona Cristina , Hargreaves Katherine R , Abedon Stephen T , Sullivan Matthew B 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Viruses that infect bacteria (phages) can influence bacterial community dynamics, bacterial genome evolution and ecosystem biogeochemistry. These influences differ depending on whether phages establish lytic, chronic or lysogenic infections. Although the first two produce virion progeny, with lytic infections resulting in cell destruction, phages undergoing lysogenic infections replicate with cells without producing virions. The impacts of lysogeny are numerous and well-studied at the cellular level, but ecosystem-level consequences remain underexplored compared to those of lytic infections. Here, we review lysogeny from molecular mechanisms to ecological patterns to emerging approaches of investigation. Our goal is to highlight both its diversity and importance in complex communities. Altogether, using a combined viral ecology toolkit that is applied across broad model systems and environments will help us understand more of the diverse lifestyles and ecological impacts of lysogens in nature.
A general derivation and quantification of the third law of thermodynamics
Authors: Masanes Lluís , Oppenheim Jonathan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe most accepted version of the third law of thermodynamics, the unattainability principle, states that any process cannot reach absolute zero temperature in a finite number of steps and within a finite time. Here, we provide a derivation of the principle that applies to arbitrary cooling processes, even those exploiting the laws of quantum mechanics or involving an infinite-dimensional reservoir. We quantify the resources needed to cool a system to any temperature, and translate these resources into the minimal time or number of steps, by considering the notion of a thermal machine that obeys similar restrictions to universal computers. We generally find that the obtainable temperature can scale as an inverse power of the cooling time. Our results also clarify the connection between two versions of the third law (the unattainability principle and the heat theorem), and place ultimate bounds on the speed at which information can be erased.
Suppressive IL-17A+Foxp3+ and ex-Th17 IL-17AnegFoxp3+ Treg cells are a source of tumour-associated Treg cells
Authors: Downs-Canner Stephanie , Berkey Sara , Delgoffe Greg M. , Edwards Robert P. , Curiel Tyler , Odunsi Kunle , Bartlett David L. , Obermajer Nataša 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTh17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells are integral in maintaining immune homeostasis and Th17–Treg imbalance is associated with inflammatory immunosuppression in cancer. Here we show that Th17 cells are a source of tumour-induced Foxp3+ cells. In addition to natural (n)Treg and induced (i)Treg cells that develop from naive precursors, suppressive IL-17A+Foxp3+ and ex-Th17 Foxp3+ cells are converted from IL-17A+Foxp3neg cells in tumour-bearing mice. Metabolic phenotyping of Foxp3-expressing IL-17A+, ex-Th17 and iTreg cells demonstrates the dissociation between the metabolic fitness and the suppressive function of Foxp3-expressing Treg cell subsets. Although all Foxp3-expressing subsets are immunosuppressive, glycolysis is a prominent metabolic pathway exerted only by IL-17A+Foxp3+ cells. Transcriptome analysis and flow cytometry of IL-17A+Foxp3+ cells indicate that Folr4, GARP, Itgb8, Pglyrp1, Il1rl1, Itgae, TIGIT and ICOS are Th17-to-Treg cell transdifferentiation-associated markers. Tumour-associated Th17-to-Treg cell conversion identified here provides insights for targeting the dynamism of Th17–Treg cells in cancer immunotherapy.
An immortalized adult human erythroid line facilitates sustainable and scalable generation of functional red cells
Authors: Trakarnsanga Kongtana , Griffiths Rebecca E. , Wilson Marieangela C. , Blair Allison , Satchwell Timothy J. , Meinders Marjolein , Cogan Nicola , Kupzig Sabine , Kurita Ryo , Nakamura Yukio , Toye Ashley M. , Anstee David J. , Frayne Jan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWith increasing worldwide demand for safe blood, there is much interest in generating red blood cells in vitro as an alternative clinical product. However, available methods for in vitro generation of red cells from adult and cord blood progenitors do not yet provide a sustainable supply, and current systems using pluripotent stem cells as progenitors do not generate viable red cells. We have taken an alternative approach, immortalizing early adult erythroblasts generating a stable line, which provides a continuous supply of red cells. The immortalized cells differentiate efficiently into mature, functional reticulocytes that can be isolated by filtration. Extensive characterization has not revealed any differences between these reticulocytes and in vitro-cultured adult reticulocytes functionally or at the molecular level, and importantly no aberrant protein expression. We demonstrate a feasible approach to the manufacture of red cells for clinical use from in vitro culture.