bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep learning approach to improve signal quality: spike denoising for reliable sorting using transformer networks
Authors: Lotfi Mohammad Amin , Daliri Mohammad Reza 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Accurate sorting is critical in neural signal processing. This paper presents a spike denoising method using a transformer network for enhanced spike sorting. Accurate spike sorting involves identifying and isolating signals generated by individual neurons from recordings obtained from multiple neurons. A transformer is a deep learning model that uses self-attention to differentially weight the significance of each part of the input data. Transformer networks consist of two main parts: the Encoder and the Decoder. The Encoder is made up of encoding layers that iteratively map the input to a new space, while the Decoder contains decoding layers that generate a denoised signal from the output of the Encoder. The aim of this paper is to present a supervised sorting model that could isolate the raw spike waveforms to their fired neurons with higher accuracies, leveraging the attention mechanism in the proposed model. The developed approach utilizes the transformer network to increase the accuracy of detecting the main source of spikes. Additionally, this method extracts the main spike source in cases of overlapped spikes. To assess our model’s performance, we tested it on two public datasets. The first dataset was designed to evaluate the model’s ability to handle noise, while the second dataset presented challenges for spike classification, making it a suitable test for our model’s capabilities. Our model outperformed other existing models on both datasets. Our model achieved an average classification accuracy of 99.85% on the simulated dataset and 95.06% on the experimental dataset, outperforming other models. These results suggest that our model is well-suited for handling noise and difficult spike classification scenarios and is superior to other currently available models.
Stability and vibration control of electrostatically excited functionally graded microresonator using nonlinear observer based sliding mode controller
Authors: Kar Uttam Kumar , Srinivas J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The dynamic stability analysis of microsystems is an important aspect in understanding the critical operating regions under different excitations. Present study proposes an observer-based adaptive back-stepping sliding mode controller (ABSMC) model to control and stabilize an electrostatically excited functionally graded microresonator. The dynamic model of a microsystem subjected to random disturbances is derived using modified couple stress theory and Euler–Bernoulli’s beam model. The effective material properties are obtained from Mori-Tanaka scheme and the equations of motion are derived using Hamilton principle and solved by Galerkin’s method. A trained neural network estimator predicts the disturbances and the adaptive back-stepping sliding mode controller is designed for improving the system stability. The results of the proposed controller are compared with conventional sliding mode control (SMC) and proportional-derivative (PD) control solutions and it is found that ABSMC reduces settling time and input control force by 52.42% and 88.40%, respectively, with minimal chattering. The proposed control methodology effectively extends the travelling range of FG microsystems within and beyond the pull-in voltage.
Enhancement of carrier concentration in chemical bath deposited copper sulfide (CuxS) thin film by post-growth annealing treatment
Authors: Sabat Somesh , Gartia Anurag , Sahoo Kiran Kumar , Biswal Sameer Ranjan , Pradhan Diana , Kar Jyoti Prakash 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Copper sulfide thin films (CuxS, 1 ≤ x ≤ 2), owing to their unique optical and electrical properties, have attracted enormous attention in recent research. As one of the chalcogenide semiconductors, CuxS is used in several applications such as chemical sensors, photo-absorbing layers, photovoltaics, and lithium-ion batteries. In this study, copper sulfide thin film (CuxS; where 1 ≤ x ≤ 2) has been deposited by the chemical bath deposition method (CBD) at 27 °C with the molar ratio for copper and sulfur as 1:5, respectively. The structural, compositional, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of as-deposited and annealed CuxS thin films are investigated. From XRD plots, the presence of a mixture of two co-existing polycrystalline phases is observed, i. e. covellite phase with CuS stoichiometry and digenite phase with Cu1.8S stoichiometry up to an annealing temperature of 200 °C. At higher annealing temperatures, i.e. at 300 °C and 400 °C, the phase of CuxS thin film gets completely converted to digenite phase with Cu1.8S stoichiometry and chalcocite phase with Cu2S stoichiometry respectively. There is an enhancement in the crystallinity of CuxS thin film with an increase in annealing temperature as confirmed by XRD and Raman results. The optical bandgap of CuxS thin film is found to be decreased from 2.81 eV to 1.66 eV with an increase in the annealing temperature. The CuxS thin films are found to be p-type in nature, and the film annealed at 400 °C possesses the highest carrier concentration as revealed from the Hall effect measurement. This study aims to investigate the improvement of electrical properties of CuxS thin film with the variation in annealing temperature for optoelectronic applications such as photodetector.
rADSC-loaded tubular units composed of multilayer electrospun membranes promoted bone regeneration of critical-sized skull defects
Authors: Jiang Huamin , Lin Zhaoyi , Li Jinze , Song Ting , Zang Hongyun , Li Pengwen , Li Jiarun , Hou Wenyi , Zhou Jianhua , Li Yan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have considerable potential for bone regeneration. However, their performance is limited by a lack of scaffolds that adequately mimic the hierarchical structure of bone to promote proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. In this study, nanofiber membranes composed of polycaprolactone, poly(lactide-co-glycolide), and hydroxyapatite (HAp) were prepared via electrospinning, and the membranes curled after responding to temperature stimuli in an aqueous solution. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that needle-like HAp nanoparticles with an average diameter of 57 ± 39 nm and a length–diameter ratio of 7.4 ± 1.56 were entrapped in the nanofiber matrix and did not affect the surface morphology of fibers. After cutting and deformation, the nanofibers changed from straight to bent, and the diameters increased; they were 1105 ± 200 nm for BPLG85-H and 1120 ± 199 nm for BPLG80-H. Additionally, tubular units with a single layer (BPLG-H(1.5)) or multiple layers (BPLG-H(3.5)) were obtained by controlling the initial shape and size of the membranes. rADSCs on the concave surface of BPLG-H(3.5) proliferated faster and exhibited better osteogenic activity than those on the convex side of BPLG-H(3.5) and both surfaces of BPLG-H(1.5), which was correlated with the higher expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein 2. Additionally, rADSCs on both units maintained osteogenic activity after storage at -80 °C for 20 d. In rat skull defect (diameter of 8 mm) models, rADSC-loaded BPLG-H(3.5) units fixed using gelatin hydrogel (ADSC@BHM) exhibited 84.1 ± 6.6% BV/TV after implantation for 12 weeks, which was 155.6% higher than that of the Blank group. H&E and Masson’s staining results demonstrated that there was more bone regeneration at the defect center of ADSC@BHM than in the BHM and Blank groups. In conclusion, rADSC-loaded BPLG-H(3.5) with an osteon-mimic structure provides a potential strategy to repair bone defects.
Earthquake and Undeception
Authors: Brickhouse Anna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Introduction lays out the book’s central premises and arguments while defining some of its key terms, including elsewhere catastrophe and undeception. More than fire, flood, or its sea-born twin the hurricane, earthquake is the exemplary elsewhere catastrophe—the disaster that must always happen far away or be forgotten—because it is an enduring figure both for the world-negating violence of colonialism and for the potential eruption of a world built on conquest. The rending of earthquake figures conquest itself but also the literal instability of occupied grounds, an instability recognized in Indigenous knowledges of earthquake. Earthquake is both a recurrent eruptive force and a provocation for disparate modes of critical engagement with the long and catastrophic history of the Americas. The Introduction concludes with a summary of the book’s eight chapters.
The Settler Colonial Sublime
Authors: Brickhouse Anna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter turns to Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur as early American literature’s preeminent theorist and enactor of the sublime’s intricate geographic displacements. The chapter begins with Crèvecoeur’s “Rock of Lisbon” essay, which contemplates a panoramic view of Lisbon in the aftermath of its great earthquake that is key to the later emergence of the author’s new national figure and concomitant affect. Crèvecoeur’s early writings elaborate a predatory optimism upheld by temperate opposition to the supposed torrid zones of the globe: from the US South to colonial South America to the imagined reaches of the African wilderness. The settler sublime and the new happiness that it produces derive from a doubled experience of place, from the distance between a geography where catastrophe is destined to occur and the presumed American safety from earthquake and all it portends: revolution of the enslaved, Indigenous repossession of the land, and their catastrophic figurations.
The Seismic Civil War
Authors: Brickhouse Anna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines disparate visions of the Civil War across a cluster of writings that define the US South by the distant southerly locations of catastrophe. Frederick Douglass is a preeminent theorist of seismicity, understanding the national tendency toward earthquake amnesia, and seeking an aesthetic mode that could make visible the vast seismic terrain of the slave-holding South. Emily Dickinson pursued earthquake as a figure for limning the relation between surface and depth, and for imagining what can and cannot be seen based on a northern viewer location. Mark Twain fled from the seismic US South only to experience literal earthquake in the West, responding to the San Francisco earthquake while manifesting his own version of earthquake amnesia. The chapter concludes with José Martí’s essay on the Charleston earthquake of 1886, a work that glances prophetically at the seismic future of the twentieth- and twenty-first-century Americas.
The effect of supported metal Species on soot oxidation over PGM/CeO2-ZrO2
Authors: Kubo Hitoshi , Ohshima Yusuke , Kato Shunsuke , Saitoh Noriyuki , Yoshizawa Noriko , Nakagoe Osamu , Tanabe Shuji 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Herein is studied the soot oxidation over platinum group metal oxide/CeO2–ZrO2 (PGM/CZ) catalysts. The ability to capture gas-phase oxygen was in sequence of Ru/CZ &gt; Rh/CZ &gt; Ir/CZ &gt; Pt/CZ &gt; Pd/CZ. A soot oxidation test by TG-DTA showed that Ru/CZ, Rh/CZ, and Ir/CZ are highly active catalysts. It was found that there is a good correlation between the ability to capture gas-phase oxygen and soot oxidation activity. TEM observation revealed that soot oxidation mainly occurs at the interface between soot and CZ surfaces. The Ea values and soot oxidation test using labelled oxygen suggest that highly active catalysts oxidize soot by CZ lattice oxygen. For Ir/CZ, soot oxidation at 270 °C occurred due to the reduction by soot. Ru/CZ and Rh/CZ captured gas-phase oxygen spontaneously below 250 °C, resulting in soot oxidation at 270 °C. H2-TPR results suggest that the reactivity of lattice oxygen in the CZ surface, improved by PGM, is also related to soot oxidation activity. This suggests that the ability to capture gas-phase oxygen and the reactivity of lattice oxygen in the CZ surface determine the soot oxidation activity, and that Ru, Rh, and Ir have the effect of enhancing these properties.
Organization, conservation, and diversity of biosynthetic gene clusters in Bacillus sp. BH32 and its closest relatives in the Bacillus cereus group
Authors: Belaouni Hadj Ahmed , Yekkour Amine , Zitouni Abdelghani , Meklat Atika 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study explores the organization, conservation, and diversity of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) among Bacillus sp. strain BH32, a plant-beneficial bacterial endophyte, and its closest nontype Bacillus cereus group strains. BGC profiles were predicted for each of the 17 selected strains using antiSMASH, resulting in the detection of a total of 198 BGCs. We quantitatively compared the BGCs and analysed their conservation, distribution, and evolutionary relationships. The study identified both conserved and singleton BGCs across the studied Bacillus strains, with minimal variation, and discovered two major BGC synteny blocks composed of homologous BGCs conserved within the B. cereus group. The identified BGC synteny blocks provide insight into the evolutionary relationships and diversity of BGCs within this complex group.
Beliefs of Pentecostal pastors on the use of antiretroviral treatment among Pentecostal Christians living with HIV in a suburb of Cape Town-South Africa: a community health systems lens
Authors: Azia Ivo Nchendia , Nyembezi Anam , Carelse Shernaaz , Mukumbang Ferdinand C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The global public health community accepts antiretroviral therapy (ART) for controlling and managing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, within some communities, claims of faith or miraculous healing of HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by Pentecostal pastors continue to spark controversies. This paper reports on an exploratory qualitative study to explore the beliefs held by Pentecostal pastors regarding the use of ART among Pentecostal Christians who are living with HIV. Twenty (20) purposively selected Pentecostal pastors from two informal settlements in Cape Town, South Africa, participated in the study. Open-ended, semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were conducted on their religious beliefs concerning ART adherence. Interviews were conducted in English, audiotaped and transcribed verbatim before being imported into the Atlas.ti 2023 software program for thematic data analysis. Since our study was guided by the relational community health system model a hybrid deductive–inductive thematic analysis was used. Two contrasting themes about the influence of the religious beliefs of Pentecostal pastors were identified. The first theme and its associated subthemes highlight the lack of basic HIV and ART knowledge among pastors. Consequently, these pastors tend to nudge their Christians to rely more on faith and spiritual healing at the expense of adherence to ART. The second theme and its related sub-themes suggest that some pastors possess some basic HIV knowledge and understand the role of ART and how it works. This group of pastors advise their congregants to use ART and other healthcare services in tandem with spiritual rituals, faith and prayers. Our findings highlight the need for functional community-based structures, such as community health committees and health facility management committees, in settings where complex interaction within the belief systems, practices and norms of some stakeholders can influence people’s health-seeking behaviours such as adherence to chronic medications like ART.
Increased Proportions of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Cases Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness Sets the Stage for New Serotype 4 Capsular-Switch Recombinants
Authors: Beall Bernard , Chochua Sopio , Metcalf Ben , Lin Wuling , Tran Theresa , Li Zhongya , Li Yuan , Bentz Meghan L , Sheth Mili , Osis Gunars , McGee Lesley 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) identified increased serotype 4 invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), particularly among adults experiencing homelessness (AEH).

Methods
We quantified increased proportions of IPD cases in AEH during 2016–2022. Employing genomic-based characterization of IPD isolates, we identified serotype-switch variants. Recombinational analyses were used to identify the genetic donor and recipient strain that generated a serotype 4 progeny strain. We performed phylogenetic analyses of the serotype 4 progeny and of the serotype 12F genetic recipient to determine genetic distances.

Results
We identified a cluster of 30 highly related (0–21 nucleotide differences) IPD isolates recovered during 2022–2023, corresponding to a serotype 4 capsular-switch variant. This strain arose through a multifragment recombination event between serotype 4/ST10172 and serotype 12F/ST220 parental strains. Twenty-five of the 30 cases occurred in Oregon. Of 29 cases with known residence status, 16 occurred in AEH. Variant emergence coincided with a 2.6-fold increase (57 to 148) of cases caused by the serotype 4/ST10172 donor lineage in 2022 compared to 2019 and its first appearance in Oregon. Most serotypes showed sequential increases of AEH IPD/all IPD ratios during 2016–2022 (eg, for all serotypes combined, 247/2198, 11.2% during 2022 compared to 405/5317, 7.6% for 2018–2019, P &lt; .001). Serotypes 4 and 12F each caused more IPD than any other serotype in AEH during 2020–2022 (207 combined case isolates accounting for 38% of all IPD in AEH).

Conclusions
Expansion and increased transmission of serotypes 4 and 12F among adults potentially led to recent genesis of an impactful hybrid serotype-switch variant.
Venous Thromboembolism Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prophylaxis in Burn Patients: A National Trauma Database Study
Authors: Stanton Eloise W , Manasyan Artur , Thompson Callie M , Patel Gourang P , Lacey Alexandra M , Travis Taryn E , Vrouwe Sebastian Q , Sheckter Clifford C , Gillenwater Justin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Comprehensive studies on the incidence, risk factors, and prophylactic measures related to venous thromboembolism (VTE) are lacking in burn care. This study characterizes VTE risk and existing prevention measures to improve and inform overall patient care in the field of burn care on a national scale. The US National Trauma Data Bank was queried from 2007 to 2021 to identify burn-injured patients. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analyses were used to explore the association between demographic/clinical characteristics and VTE risk as well as compare various VTE chemoprophylaxis types. There were 326 614 burn-injured patients included for analysis; 5642 (1.7%) experienced a VTE event during their hospitalization. Patients with VTE were significantly older, had greater body mass indexes and % total body surface area, and were more likely to be male (P &lt; .001). History of smoking, hypertension or myocardial infarction, and/or substance use disorder were significant predictors of VTE (P &lt; .001). Patients who received low molecular weight heparin were less likely to have VTE compared to patients treated with heparin when controlling for other VTE risk factors (odds ratio [OR]: 0.564, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.523-0.607, P &lt; .001). Longer time to VTE chemoprophylaxis (&gt;6 h) initiation was significantly associated with VTE (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07, P &lt; .001). This study sheds light on risk factors and chemoprophylaxis in VTE to help guide clinical practice when implementing prevention strategies in patients with burns. This knowledge can be leveraged to refine risk stratification models, inform evidence-based prevention strategies, and ultimately enhance the quality of care for patients with burns at risk of VTE.
Rocking the BOAT: the ups and downs of the long-term radio light curve for GRB 221009A
Authors: Rhodes L , van der Horst A J , Bright J S , Leung J K , Anderson G E , Fender R , Fernandez J F Agüí , Bremer M , Chandra P , Dobie D , Farah W , Giarratana S , Gourdji K , Green D A , Lenc E , Michałowski M J , Murphy T , Nayana A J , Pollak A W , Rowlinson A , Schussler F , Siemion A , Starling R L C , Scott P , Thöne C C , Titterington D , de Ugarte Postigo A 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We present radio observations of the long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) 221009A that has become known to the community as the Brightest Of All Time or the BOAT. Our observations span the first 475 d post-burst and three orders of magnitude in observing frequency, from 0.15 to 230 GHz. By combining our new observations with those available in the literature, we have the most detailed radio data set in terms of cadence and spectral coverage of any GRB to date, which we use to explore the spectral and temporal evolution of the afterglow. By testing a series of phenomenological models, we find that three separate synchrotron components best explain the afterglow. The high temporal and spectral resolution allows us to conclude that standard analytical afterglow models are unable to explain the observed evolution of GRB 221009A. We explore where the discrepancies between the observations and the models are most significant and place our findings in the context of the most well-studied GRB radio afterglows to date. Our observations are best explained by three synchrotron-emitting regions that we interpret as a forward shock, a reverse shock, and an additional shock potentially from a cocoon or wider outflow. Finally, we find that our observations do not show any evidence of any late-time spectral or temporal changes that could result from a jet break but note that any lateral structure could significantly affect a jet break signature.
Groundwater sustainability in India through nonrice-dominated cropping pattern
Authors: Dangar Swarup , Mishra Vimal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Over-exploitation of groundwater for irrigation caused rapid groundwater depletion in north India, leading to food and water security challenges. However, the crucial role of changing cropping patterns on groundwater savings under the observed and projected warming climate remains unexplored. Here, we show that altering the existing rice-dominated cropping systems in India can be a potential solution for groundwater sustainability under the current and future climate. Satellite and model-based estimates show that north India lost ∼336 and 297 km3 of groundwater, respectively during 2002–2022. We developed optimized crop switching scenarios for groundwater savings considering nutritional requirements, farmers’ profit, and crop production. Crop switching considering all the three targets (crop switch one: CSI) and allowing rice replacement with alternate crops (crop switch two: CSII) could save 45 and 91 km3 groundwater, respectively in north India during the observed climate (2002–2022) compared with the current cropping pattern. Altering the current cropping pattern can lead to substantial groundwater savings under the projected future climate without comprising nutritional targets and farmers’ profit at the state level. Replacing 37% area of rice with other crops (CSII) can recover 61 to 108 km3 groundwater compared with −13 to 43 km3 with current cropping pattern under the 1.5–3 °C global warming levels. Similarly, under the CSI scenario, 36 to 86 km3 groundwater can be recovered in the future warming world. Moreover, the benefits of crop switching in groundwater saving are higher during the prolonged dry periods compared with the baseline under the warming climate. Therefore, crop switching offers substantial benefits for groundwater sustainability under the current and projected future climate in India.