bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CXCL10 is upregulated in synovium and cartilage following articular fracture
Authors: Furman Bridgette D. , Kent Collin L. , Huebner Janet L. , Kraus Virginia B. , McNulty Amy L. , Guilak Farshid , Olson Steven A. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to investigate the expression of the chemokine CXCL10 and its role in joint tissues following articular fracture. We hypothesized that CXCL10 is upregulated following articular fracture and contributes to cartilage degradation associated with post‐traumatic arthritis (PTA). To evaluate CXCL10 expression following articular fracture, gene expression was quantified in synovial tissue from knee joints of C57BL/6 mice that develop PTA following articular fracture, and MRL/MpJ mice that are protected from PTA. CXCL10 protein expression was assessed in human cartilage in normal, osteoarthritic (OA), and post‐traumatic tissue using immunohistochemistry. The effects of exogenous CXCL10, alone and in combination with IL‐1, on porcine cartilage explants were assessed by quantifying the release of catabolic mediators. Synovial tissue gene expression of CXCL10 was upregulated by joint trauma, peaking one day in C57BL/6 mice (25‐fold) versus 3 days post‐fracture in MRL/MpJ mice (15‐fold). CXCL10 protein in articular cartilage was most highly expressed following trauma compared with normal and OA tissue. In a dose dependent manner, exogenous CXCL10 significantly reduced total matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and aggrecanase activity of culture media from cartilage explants. CXCL10 also trended toward a reduction in IL‐1α‐stimulated total MMP activity (p = 0.09) and S‐GAG (p = 0.09), but not NO release. In conclusion, CXCL10 was upregulated in synovium and chondrocytes following trauma. However, exogenous CXCL10 did not induce a catabolic response in cartilage. CXCL10 may play a role in modulating the chondrocyte response to inflammatory stimuli associated with joint injury and the progression of PTA. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1220–1227, 2018.
Photodynamic therapy for glioblastoma: A preliminary approach for practical application of light propagation models
Authors: Dupont Clément , Vignion Anne‐Sophie , Mordon Serge , Reyns Nicolas , Vermandel Maximilien 
Published: September 2017

PurposePhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment modality to be added in the management of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Light distribution modeling is required for planning and optimizing PDT. Several models have been developed to predict the light propagation inside biological tissues. In the present study, two analytical methods of light propagation emitted from a cylindrical fiber source were evaluated: a discrete and a continuous method.MethodsThe two analytical approaches were compared according to their fluence rate results. Several cylindrical diffuse lengths were evaluated, and the relative deviation in the fluence rates was estimated. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to compute the variance of each analytical model.ResultsThe discrete method provided fluence rate estimations closer to the Monte‐Carlo simulations than the continuous method. The sensitivity study results did not reveal significant differences between the variance of the two analytical models.ConclusionsAlthough the discrete model provides relevant light distribution, the heterogeneity of GBM tissues was not considered. With the improvement in parallel computing that drastically decreased the computing time, replacing the analytical model by a Monte‐Carlo GPU‐accelerated code appeared relevant to the GBM case. Nonetheless, the analytical modeling may still function in the optimization algorithms, which might be used in the Photodynamic treatment planning system. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:523–534, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ca2+ Induced Crosslinking of AIE‐Active Polyarylene Ether Nitrile into Fluorescent Polymeric Nanoparticles for Cellular Bioimaging
Authors: Wang Pan , Jia Kun , Zhou Xuefei , Guan Xiaotian , Wang Lianhui , Tian Yuan , Wu Chunhui , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBiocompatible fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles (FPNs) are promising luminescent probes in cellular bioimaging, while the fabrication of high‐quantum‐yield FPN using nonconjugated heterochain polymers derived from step‐growth polymerization is still in its infancy. Herein, the nonconjugated polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) is endowed with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) feature by incorporation of an AIEgen named of 1,2‐di(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,2‐diphenylethene into macromolecular backbone. Furthermore, the AIE‐active PEN is crosslinked into water soluble fluorescent nanospheres showing good biocompatibility and strong emission ≈480 nm with a quantum yield of 21% in the presence of Ca2+, which allows the successful bioimaging of cancer cells. Due to the facile fabrication of FPNs and their effective bioimaging performance, the current work will open the way for the biomedical applications of various high performance polyarylene ethers.
Immobilizing Organic‐Based Molecular Switches into Metal–Organic Frameworks: A Promising Strategy for Switching in Solid State
Authors: Gui Bo , Meng Yi , Xie Yang , Du Ke , Sue Andrew C.‐H. , Wang Cheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOrganic‐based molecular switches (OMS) are essential components for the ultimate miniaturization of nanoscale electronics and devices. For practical applications, it is often necessary for OMS to be incorporated into functional solid‐state materials. However, the switching characteristics of OMS in solution are usually not transferrable to the solid state, presumably because of spatial confinement or inefficient conversion in densely packed solid phase. A promising way to circumvent this issue is harboring the functional OMS within the robust and porous environment of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as their organic components. In this feature article, recent research progress of OMS‐based MOFs is briefly summarized. The switching behaviors of OMS under different stimuli (e.g., light, redox, pH, etc.) in the MOF state are first introduced. After that, the technological applications of these OMS‐based MOFs in different areas, including CO2 adsorption, gas separation, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and sensing, are outlined. Finally, perspectives and future challenges are discussed in the conclusion.
Synthetic breast phantoms from patient based eigenbreasts
Authors: Sturgeon Gregory M. , Park Subok , Segars William Paul , Lo Joseph Y. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe limited number of 3D patient‐based breast phantoms available could be augmented by synthetic breast phantoms in order to facilitate virtual clinical trials (VCTs) using model observers for breast imaging optimization and evaluation.MethodsThese synthetic breast phantoms were developed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce the number of dimensions needed to describe a training set of images. PCA decomposed a training set of M breast CT volumes (with millions of voxels each) into an M‐1‐dimensional space of eigenvectors, which we call eigenbreasts. Each of the training breast phantoms was compactly represented by the mean image plus a weighted sum of eigenbreasts. The distribution of weights observed from training was then sampled to create new synthesized breast phantoms.ResultsThe resulting synthesized breast phantoms demonstrated a high degree of realism, as supported by an observer study. Two out of three experienced physicist observers were unable to distinguish between the synthesized breast phantoms and the patient‐based phantoms. The fibroglandular density and noise power law exponent of the synthesized breast phantoms agreed well with the training data.ConclusionsOur method extends our series of digital breast phantoms based on breast CT data, providing the capability to generate new, statistically varying ensembles consisting of tens of thousands of virtual subjects. This work represents an important step toward conducting future virtual trials for task‐based assessment of breast imaging, where it is vital to have a large ensemble of realistic phantoms for statistical power as well as clinical relevance.
Fast 3D rosette spectroscopic imaging of neocortical abnormalities at 3 T: Assessment of spectral quality
Authors: Schirda Claudiu V. , Zhao Tiejun , Yushmanov Victor E. , Lee Yoojin , Ghearing Gena R. , Lieberman Frank S. , Panigrahy Ashok , Hetherington Hoby P. , Pan Jullie W. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo use a fast 3D rosette spectroscopic imaging acquisition to quantitatively evaluate how spectral quality influences detection of the endogenous variation of gray and white matter metabolite differences in controls, and demonstrate how rosette spectroscopic imaging can detect metabolic dysfunction in patients with neocortical abnormalities.MethodsData were acquired on a 3T MR scanner and 32‐channel head coil, with rosette spectroscopic imaging covering a 4‐cm slab of fronto‐parietal‐temporal lobes. The influence of acquisition parameters and filtering on spectral quality and sensitivity to tissue composition was assessed by LCModel analysis, the Cramer‐Rao lower bound, and the standard errors from regression analyses. The optimized protocol was used to generate normative white and gray matter regressions and evaluate three patients with neocortical abnormalities.ResultsAs a measure of the sensitivity to detect abnormalities, the standard errors of regression for Cr/NAA and Ch/NAA were significantly correlated with the Cramer‐Rao lower bound values (R = 0.89 and 0.92, respectively, both with P < 0.001). The rosette acquisition with a duration of 9.6 min, produces a mean Cramer‐Rao lower bound (%) over the entire slab of 4.6 ± 2.6 and 5.8 ± 2.3 for NAA and Cr, respectively. This enables a Cr/NAA standard error of 0.08 (i.e., detection sensitivity of 25% for a 50/50 mixed gray and white matter voxel). In healthy controls, the regression of Cr/NAA versus fraction gray matter in the cingulate differs from frontal and parietal regions.ConclusionsFast rosette spectroscopic imaging acquisitions with regression analyses are able to identify metabolic differences across 4‐cm slabs of the brain centrally and over the cortical periphery with high efficiency, generating results that are consistent with clinical findings. Magn Reson Med 79:2470–2480, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
High spatio‐temporal resolution in functional MRI with 3D echo planar imaging using cylindrical excitation and a CAIPIRINHA undersampling pattern
Authors: van der Zwaag Wietske , Reynaud Olivier , Narsude Mayur , Gallichan Daniel , Marques José P. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe combination of 3D echo planar imaging (3D‐EPI) with a 2D‐CAIPIRINHA undersampling scheme provides high flexibility in the optimization for spatial or temporal resolution. This flexibility can be increased further with the addition of a cylindrical excitation pulse, which exclusively excites the brain regions of interest. Here, 3D‐EPI was combined with a 2D radiofrequency pulse to reduce the brain area from which signal is generated, and hence, allowing either reduction of the field of view or reduction of parallel imaging noise amplification.Methods3D‐EPI with cylindrical excitation and 4 × 3‐fold undersampling in a 2D‐CAIPIRINHA sampling scheme was used to generate functional MRI (fMRI) data with either 2‐mm or 0.9‐mm in‐plane resolution and 1.1‐s temporal resolution over a 5‐cm diameter cylinder placed over both temporal lobes for an auditory fMRI experiment.ResultsSignificant increases in image signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and temporal SNR (tSNR) were found for both 2‐mm isotropic data and the high‐resolution protocol when using the cylindrical excitation pulse. Both protocols yielded highly significant blood oxygenation level–dependent responses for the presentation of natural sounds.ConclusionThe higher tSNR of the cylindrical excitation 3D‐EPI data makes this sequence an ideal choice for high spatiotemporal resolution fMRI acquisitions. Magn Reson Med 79:2589–2596, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
SAR and scan‐time optimized 3D whole‐brain double inversion recovery imaging at 7T
Authors: Pracht Eberhard D. , Feiweier Thorsten , Ehses Philipp , Brenner Daniel , Roebroeck Alard , Weber Bernd , Stöcker Tony 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe aim of this project was to implement an ultra‐high field (UHF) optimized double inversion recovery (DIR) sequence for gray matter (GM) imaging, enabling whole brain coverage in short acquisition times (
5 min, image resolution 1 mm3).MethodsA 3D variable flip angle DIR turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence was optimized for UHF application. We implemented an improved, fast, and specific absorption rate (SAR) efficient TSE imaging module, utilizing improved reordering. The DIR preparation was tailored to UHF application. Additionally, fat artifacts were minimized by employing water excitation instead of fat saturation.ResultsGM images, covering the whole brain, were acquired in 7 min scan time at 1 mm isotropic resolution. SAR issues were overcome by using a dedicated flip angle calculation considering SAR and SNR efficiency. Furthermore, UHF related artifacts were minimized.ConclusionThe suggested sequence is suitable to generate GM images with whole‐brain coverage at UHF. Due to the short total acquisition times and overall robustness, this approach can potentially enable DIR application in a routine setting and enhance lesion detection in neurological diseases. Magn Reson Med 79:2620–2628, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Mixed finite element approximations based on 3‐Dhp‐adaptive curved meshes with two types ofH(div)‐conforming spaces
Authors: Devloo P. R. B. , Durán O. , Gomes S. M. , Shauer N. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryTwo stable approximation space configurations are treated for the mixed finite element method for elliptic problems based on curved meshes. Their choices are guided by the property that, in the master element, the image of the flux space by the divergence operator coincides with the potential space. By using static condensation, the sizes of global condensed matrices, which are proportional to the dimension of border fluxes, are the same in both configurations. The meshes are composed of different topologies (tetrahedra, hexahedra, or prisms). Simulations using asymptotically affine uniform meshes, exactly fitting a spherical‐like region, and constant polynomial degree distributionk, showL2errors of orderk+1 ork+2 for the potential variable, while keeping orderk+1 for the flux in both configurations. The first case corresponds to RT(k) and BDFM(k+1) spaces for hexahedral and tetrahedral meshes, respectively, but holding for prismatic elements as well. The second case, further incrementing the order of approximation of the potential variable, holds for the three element topologies. The case ofhp‐adaptive meshes is considered for a problem modelling a porous media flow around a cylindrical horizontal well with elliptical drainage area. The effect of parallelism and static condensation in CPU time reduction is illustrated.
The unique N‐terminal zinc finger of synaptotagmin‐like protein 4 reveals FYVE structure
Authors: Miyamoto Kazuhide , Nakatani Arisa , Saito Kazuki 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSynaptotagmin‐like protein 4 (Slp4), expressed in human platelets, is associated with dense granule release. Slp4 is comprised of the N‐terminal zinc finger, Slp homology domain, and C2 domains. We synthesized a compact construct (the Slp4N peptide) corresponding to the Slp4 N‐terminal zinc finger. Herein, we have determined the solution structure of the Slp4N peptide by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Furthermore, experimental, chemical modification of Cys residues revealed that the Slp4N peptide binds two zinc atoms to mediate proper folding. NMR data showed that eight Cys residues coordinate zinc atoms in a cross‐brace fashion. The Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool database predicted the structure of Slp4N as a RING finger. However, the actual structure of the Slp4N peptide adopts a unique C4C4‐type FYVE fold and is distinct from a RING fold. To create an artificial RING finger (ARF) with specific ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme (E2)‐binding capability, cross‐brace structures with eight zinc‐ligating residues are needed as the scaffold. The cross‐brace structure of the Slp4N peptide could be utilized as the scaffold for the design of ARFs.
Does multigenerational exposure to hormetic concentrations of imidacloprid precondition aphids for increased insecticide tolerance?
Authors: Rix Rachel R , Cutler G Christopher 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDHormetic preconditioning, whereby exposure to mild stress primes an organism to better tolerate subsequent stress, is well documented. It is unknown if exposure to hormetic concentrations of insecticide can trans‐generationally prime insects to better tolerate insecticide exposure, or whether exposure to hormetic concentrations of insecticide can induce mutations in genes responsible for insecticide resistance. Using the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and the insecticide imidacloprid as a model, we examined if exposure to mildly toxic and hormetic concentrations of imidacloprid reduced aphid susceptibility to insecticides across four generations, and whether such exposures induced mutations in the imidacloprid binding site in post‐synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.RESULTSChronic, multigenerational exposure of aphids to hormetic concentrations of imidacloprid primed offspring to better survive exposure to certain concentrations of imidacloprid, but not exposure to spirotetramat, an insecticide with a different mode of action. Exposure to hormetic and mildly toxic concentrations of imidacloprid did not result in mutations in any of the examined nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits.CONCLUSIONOur findings demonstrate that exposure to hormetic concentrations of insecticide can prime insects to better withstand subsequent chemical stress, but this is dependent upon the insecticide exposure scenario, and may be subtle over generations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Reducing copper use in the environment: the use of larixol and larixyl acetate to treat downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola in viticulture
Authors: Thuerig Barbara , James Emily E , Schärer Hans‐Jakob , Langat Moses K , Mulholland Dulcie A , Treutwein Jonas , Kleeberg Ina , Ludwig Mathias , Jayarajah Praveen , Giovannini Oscar , Markellou Emilia , Tamm Lucius 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant extracts might provide sustainable alternatives to copper fungicides, which are still widely used despite their unfavourable ecotoxicological profile. Larch bark extract and its constituents, larixyl acetate and larixol, have been shown to be effective against grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) under semi‐controlled conditions. The aim of this study was to reduce the gap between innovation and the registration of a marketable product, namely to develop scalable extraction processes and to evaluate and optimise the performance of larch extracts under different conditions.RESULTSToxicologically and technically acceptable solvents like ethanol were used to extract the active compounds larixyl acetate and larixol from bark in sufficient amounts and their combined concentration could be increased by up to 39% by purification steps. The combined concentration of larixyl acetate and larixol from larch turpentine could be increased by up to 66%. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC100) against P. viticola in vitro (6‐23 µg mL‐1) and the Effective Concentration (EC50) in planta under semi‐controlled conditions (0.2‐0.4 mg mL‐1) were promising compared with other plant extracts. In vineyards, efficacies of larch extracts reached up to 68% in a stand‐alone strategy and 84% in low‐copper strategies.CONCLUSIONLarch extracts represent valid candidates for copper reduction in organic vineyards, and their development into a sustainable plant protection product might be feasible. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Event‐triggered fault‐tolerant control and scheduling codesign for nonlinear networked control systems with medium‐access constraint and packet disordering
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhang Yong 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis paper studies an event‐triggered communication, scheduling, and fault‐tolerant control codesign method for nonlinear networked control systems with medium‐access constraint, delay, and packet disordering using an adaptive approximation method and adaptive technique. By considering nonlinear dynamics and controller reconfiguration, a novel event‐triggering scheme with an adjustable triggering condition and adaptive triggering thresholds is proposed. The stochastic event‐driven actuator scheduling is investigated without the assumption that the controller can access the current modes of the actuators. By considering the Markovian delay and focusing on the transmitter node, a new packet reordering approach is used to cope with packet disordering. This paper proposes an active fault‐tolerant control method, in which the nominal controller is redesigned for the postfault plant by using the fault information provided by an estimator. It is proven that the estimation error of the estimator is uniformly bounded, the reconfigurable controller and event‐trigger ensure the boundedness in probability of the state tracking error before and after the fault occurrence in the presence of medium‐access constraint, delay, and packet disordering while reducing communication load. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated in the numerical example.
Trauma Leagues—A Novel Option to Attract Medical Students to a Surgical Career
Authors: Simões Romeo Lages , Dorigatti Alcir Escocia , Silveira Henrique José Virgili , Calderan Thiago Rodrigues Araujo , Rizoli Sandro , Fraga Gustavo Pereira 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn Brazil, most medical schools do not offer trauma surgery in their undergraduate curriculum. The Trauma Leagues arose in Brazil as an important promoter of trauma education and stimulated activities related to surgical skills and practices. In recent decades, studies have demonstrated that the number of surgical residency applicants has decreased worldwide. Strategies to motivate medical students to choose surgery are needed.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of participation in the Unicamp Trauma League (UTL) during a 20‐year period in the choice for a surgical career.MethodsThe study included 276 students in a Brazilian university hospital who were part of the Trauma League. Research of records in universities and medical societies about the specialties chosen during residency were evaluated. A Likert questionnaire was sent to participants to evaluate the impact of participating in the Trauma League in the student’s professional career.ResultsThe questionnaire was answered by 76% of the participants. Of those, 38.4% chose general surgery. About 55.1% did not know what medical career to choose when joined the league. Participation in the league had an influence on specialty choice in 79.1% of the students. Of those choosing surgery, 93.2% believed that participating in the league had positively influenced their career choice. Overall, 93.1% believed that participating in the league provided knowledge and information that the medical school curriculum was not able to provide.ConclusionParticipation in Trauma League has been an effective strategy to encourage medical students to choose a career in general surgery in Campinas, Brazil.