bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of extracapsular extension in prostate cancer using qualitative and quantitative multiparametric MRI
Authors: Kim Wooil , Kim Chan Kyo , Park Jung Jae , Kim Minji , Kim Jae‐Hun 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo investigate the value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for extracapsular extension (ECE) in prostate cancer (PCa).Materials and MethodsIn all, 292 patients who received radical prostatectomy and underwent preoperative mpMRI at 3T were enrolled retrospectively. For determining the associations with ECE, the likelihood of ECE was assessed qualitatively on T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and combined T2WI and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) or dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging (DCEI). Quantitative MRI parameters were measured in PCa based on histopathological findings. Two models for detecting ECE including imaging and clinical parameters were developed using multivariate analysis: Model 1 excluding combined T2WI and DWI and DCEI and Model 2 excluding combined T2WI and DWI, and combined T2WI and DCEI. Diagnostic performance of imaging parameters and models was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (Az).ResultsFor detecting ECE, the specificity, accuracy, and Az of combined T2WI and DWI or DCEI were statistically better than those of T2WI (P < 0.05), and all quantitative MRI parameters showed a statistical difference between the patients with and without ECE (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, significant independent markers in Model 1 were combined T2WI and DWI, combined T2WI and DCEI, and Ktrans (P < 0.05). In Model 2, significant markers were combined T2WI and DWI and DCEI, Ktrans, Kep, and Ve (P < 0.05). The Az values of models 1 and 2 were 0.944 and 0.957, respectively.ConclusionmpMRI may be useful to improve diagnostic accuracy of the models for determining the associations with ECE in PCa.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1760–1770
Fracture healing physiology and the quest for therapies for delayed healing and nonunion
Authors: Kostenuik Paul , Mirza Faisal M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTDelayed healing and nonunion of fractures represent enormous burdens to patients and healthcare systems. There are currently no approved pharmacological agents for the treatment of established nonunions, or for the acceleration of fracture healing, and no pharmacological agents are approved for promoting the healing of closed fractures. Yet several pharmacologic agents have the potential to enhance some aspects of fracture healing. In preclinical studies, various agents working across a broad spectrum of molecular pathways can produce larger, denser and stronger fracture calluses. However, untreated control animals in most of these studies also demonstrate robust structural and biomechanical healing, leaving unclear how these interventions might alter the healing of recalcitrant fractures in humans. This review describes the physiology of fracture healing, with a focus on aspects of natural repair that may be pharmacologically augmented to prevent or treat delayed or nonunion fractures (collectively referred to as DNFs). The agents covered in this review include recombinant BMPs, PTH/PTHrP receptor agonists, activators of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, and recombinant FGF‐2. Agents from these therapeutic classes have undergone extensive preclinical testing and progressed to clinical fracture healing trials. Each can promote bone formation, which is important for the stability of bridged calluses, and some but not all can also promote cartilage formation, which may be critical for the initial bridging and subsequent stabilization of fractures. Appropriately timed stimulation of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the fracture callus may be a more effective approach for preventing or treating DNFs compared with stimulation of osteogenesis alone. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 35:213–223, 2017.
Influence of vineyard altitude on Glera grape ripening (Vitis vinifera L.): effects on aroma evolution and wine sensory profile
Authors: Alessandrini Massimiliano , Gaiotti Federica , Belfiore Nicola , Matarese Fabiola , D'Onofrio Claudio , Tomasi Diego 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnvironmental factors have been acknowledged to greatly influence grape and wine aromas. Among them, the effect of altitude on grape aroma compounds has scarcely been debated in literature available to date. In the present study, we investigated the influence of altitude on grape composition and aroma evolution during ripening of Vitis vinifera L. cultivar Glera grown in Conegliano‐Valdobbiadene DOCG area (Italy).RESULTSThe site at highest altitude (380 m above sea level) was warmer than the lowest site (200 m above sea level) and, even with differences in temperature in the range 1.5–2 °C, the impact of the cultivation site on grape ripening and aroma accumulation and preservation was significant. The lowest site demonstrated slower grape ripening, and grapes at harvest accumulated lower amounts of all of the main classes of aroma compounds typical of the Glera variety. Wines produced from the highest site were preferred in tasting trials for their more patent floral notes and elegance.CONCLUSIONAltitude strongly influences grape ripening evolution and flavour accumulation in the Glera grape, and this result accounts for the different styles in the sparkling wines subsequently produced. Moreover, the present study shows that aroma compound biosynthesis, particularly that of benzenoides, starts before véraison in Glera. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Correlation between three glycometabolic‐related hormones and muscle glycolysis, as well as meat quality, in three pig breeds
Authors: Luo Jia , Shen Yuan L , Lei Gang H , Zhu Ping K , Jiang Zhi Y , Bai Lin , Li Zhou M , Tang Qing G , Li Wei X , Zhang Hua S , Zhu Li 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study aimed to evaluate the correlations among muscle concentrations of three glycometabolic‐related hormones (insulin, epinephrine and glucagon), muscle glycolysis and meat quality in representative muscles of either glycolytic or oxidative types. Moreover, the relative glycometabolic‐related gene expression was measured. One Western crossbreed DLY (Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)), one crossbreed with half‐Chinese native‐pig origin DL (Duroc × LiangShan) and one pure Chinese native pig TP (Tibetan pig) were used in the present study.RESULTSAmong the three breeds, DLY had the greatest glucagon and epinephrine (P < 0.01). Compared with DLY, TP and DL had lower lactic acid concentrations, showing lower glycolytic potentials (GP), greater ultimate pH values (P < 0.01) and lower relative expression levels of glycometabolic‐related genes (GYS1, PRKAG3 and PKM2). Compared with the glycolytic muscle (musculus longissimus dorsi), oxidative muscle PM (musculus psoas major) had lower glucagon and epinephrine contents, lower GP and better meat quality. The concentration of glycometabolic‐related hormones in the muscle had significant correlations with muscle glycolysis, meat pH and lightness.CONCLUSIONThe results obtained in the present study imply that glucagon and epinephrine levels could be used to indicate early glycolytic metabolism during postmortem. These findings may be helpful in identifying pork with undesirable quality traits. 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Correction of profiles of in‐situ chlorophyll fluorometry for the contribution of fluorescence originating from non‐algal matter
Authors: Xing Xiaogang , Claustre Hervé , Boss Emmanuel , Roesler Collin , Organelli Emanuele , Poteau Antoine , Barbieux Marie , D'Ortenzio Fabrizio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn situ chlorophyll fluorometers have been widely employed for more than half a century, and to date, it still remains the most used instrument to estimate chlorophyll‐a concentration in the field, especially for measurements onboard autonomous observation platforms, e.g., Bio‐Argo floats and gliders. However, in deep waters (> 300 m) of some specific regions, e.g., subtropical gyres and the Black Sea, the chlorophyll fluorescence profiles frequently reveal “deep sea red fluorescence” features. In line with previous studies and through the analysis of a large data set (cruise transect in the South East Pacific and data acquired by 82 Bio‐Argo floats), we show that the fluorescence signal measured by a humic‐like DOM fluorometer is highly correlated to the “deep sea red fluorescence.” Both fluorescence signals are indeed linearly related in deep waters. To remove the contribution of non‐algal organic matter from chlorophyll fluorescence profiles, we introduce a new correction. Rather that removing a constant value (generally the deepest chlorophyll a fluorescence value from the profile, i.e., so‐called “deep‐offset correction”), we propose a correction method which relies on DOM fluorometry and on its variation with depth. This new method is validated with chlorophyll concentration extracted from water samples and further applied on the Bio‐Argo float data set. More generally, we discuss the potential of the proposed method to become a standard and routine procedure in quality‐control and correction of chlorophyll a fluorescence originating from Bio‐Argo network.
An extra virgin olive oil rich diet intervention ameliorates the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a high‐fat “Western‐type” diet in mice
Authors: Jurado‐Ruiz Enrique , Varela Lourdes M. , Luque Amparo , Berná Genoveva , Cahuana Gladys , Martinez‐Force Enrique , Gallego‐Durán Rocío , Soria Bernat , de Roos Baukje , Romero Gómez Manuel , Martín Franz 
Published: October 2016

ScopeWe evaluated the protective effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in high‐fat diets (HFDs) on the inflammatory response and liver damage in a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mouse model.Methods and resultsC57BL/6J mice were fed a standard diet or a lard‐based HFD (HFD‐L) for 12 wk to develop NAFLD. HFD‐fed mice were then divided into four groups and fed for 24 wk with the following: HFD‐L, HFD‐EVOO, HFD based on phenolics‐rich EVOO, and reversion (standard diet). HFD‐L‐induced metabolic disorders were alleviated by replacement of lard with EVOO. EVOO diets improved plasma lipid profile and reduced body weight, plasma and epididymal fat INF‐γ, IL‐6 and leptin levels, and macrophage infiltration. Moreover, NAFLD activity scores were reduced. The liver lipid composition showed an increase in MUFAs, especially oleic acid, and a decrease in saturated fatty acids. Hepatic adiponutrin and Cd36 gene expression was upregulated in the EVOO groups. Liver ingenuity pathway analysis revealed in EVOO groups regulation of proteins involved in lipid metabolism, small molecule biochemistry, gastrointestinal disease, and liver regeneration.ConclusionDietary EVOO could repair HFD‐induced hepatic damage, possibly via an anti‐inflammatory effect in adipose tissue and modifications in the liver lipid composition and signaling pathways.
Language‐related differential item functioning between English and German PROMIS Depression items is negligible
Authors: Fischer H. Felix , Wahl Inka , Nolte Sandra , Liegl Gregor , Brähler Elmar , Löwe Bernd , Rose Matthias 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTo investigate differential item functioning (DIF) of PROMIS Depression items between US and German samples we compared data from the US PROMIS calibration sample (n = 780), a German general population survey (n = 2,500) and a German clinical sample (n = 621). DIF was assessed in an ordinal logistic regression framework, with 0.02 as criterion for R2‐change and 0.096 for Raju's non‐compensatory DIF. Item parameters were initially fixed to the PROMIS Depression metric; we used plausible values to account for uncertainty in depression estimates. Only four items showed DIF. Accounting for DIF led to negligible effects for the full item bank as well as a post hoc simulated computer‐adaptive test (< 0.1 point on the PROMIS metric [mean = 50, standard deviation =10]), while the effect on the short forms was small (< 1 point). The mean depression severity (43.6) in the German general population sample was considerably lower compared to the US reference value of 50. Overall, we found little evidence for language DIF between US and German samples, which could be addressed by either replacing the DIF items by items not showing DIF or by scoring the short form in German samples with the corrected item parameters reported.
The probability of the existence of a feasible flow in a stochastic transportation network
Authors: Shu Jia , Heng Haiqing 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStochastic transportation networks arise in various real world applications, for which the probability of the existence of a feasible flow is regarded as an important performance measure. Although the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a feasible flow represented by an exponential number of inequalities is a well‐known result in the literature, the computation of the probability of all such inequalities being satisfied jointly is a daunting challenge. The state‐of‐the‐art approach of Prékopa and Boros, Operat Res 39 (1991) 119–129 approximates this probability by giving its lower and upper bounds using a two‐part procedure. The first part eliminates all redundant inequalities and the second gives the lower and upper bounds of the probability by solving two well‐defined linear programs with the inputs obtained from the first part. Unfortunately, the first part may still leave many non‐redundant inequalities. In this case, it would be very time consuming to compute the inputs for the second part even for small‐sized networks. In this paper, we first present a model that can be used to eliminate all redundant inequalities and give the corresponding computational results for the same numerical examples used in Prékopa and Boros, Operat Res 39 (1991) 119–129. We also show how to improve the lower and upper bounds of the probability using the multitree and hypermultitree, respectively. Furthermore, we propose an exact solution approach based on the state space decomposition to compute the probability. We derive a feasible state from a state space and then decompose the space into several disjoint subspaces iteratively. The probability is equal to the sum of the probabilities in these subspaces. We use the 8‐node and 15‐node network examples in Prékopa and Boros, Operat Res 39 (1991) 119–129 and the Sioux‐Falls network with 24 nodes to show that the space decomposition algorithm can obtain the exact probability of these classical examples efficiently. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 479–491, 2016
Renal cell carcinoma harboring somatic TSC2 mutations in a child with methylmalonic acidemia
Authors: Potter Samara L. , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Wenderfer Scott , Graham Brett H. , Vasudevan Sanjeev A. , Sher Andrew , Wu Hao , Wheeler David A. , Yang Yaping , Eng Christine M. , Gibbs Richard A. , Roy Angshumoy , Plon Sharon E. , Parsons D. Williams 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPediatric renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare cancer that can be associated with inherited diseases including tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) caused by germline mutations in TSC1 or TSC2. Somatic mutations in TSC1 and TSC2 have also been reported in adult RCC, which predict response to mTOR inhibitors. Here, we present the first case of RCC in a child with methylmalonic acidemia (MMA). Clinical whole exome sequencing of blood and tumor samples confirmed the diagnosis of MMA and revealed two somatic inactivating mutations in TSC2, suggesting the potential consideration of an mTOR inhibitor in the event of tumor recurrence.
Surface patch binding‐induced exfoliation of nanoclays and enhancement of physical properties of gelatin organogels
Authors: Sharma Anshu , Rawat Kamla , Solanki Pratima R , Bohidar Himadri B 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNanoclay‐containing organogels were prepared by exfoliating layered silicate nanoclay (Laponite® and montmorillonite, aspect ratio 30 and 250) in organogels made in glycerol solutions. Zeta potential of the binding profile between clay and gelatin chains in the milieu of glycerol was consistent with a surface patch binding mechanism. To achieve customized thermal and viscoelastic properties, optimum binding of nanoclay to gelatin was probed, and it was noticed that [clay] = 0.03% (w/v) and [glycerol] = 30% (v/v) produced the best results. Gelation temperature Tgel (Laponite organogels) increased from 28 to 34 °C (ca 21% change) with a concomitant increase in gel elastic modulus from 400 to 1200 Pa (ca 300% change). For montmorillonite organogels, it was possible to raise Tgel further to 43 °C (56% change). X‐ray diffraction data and Cole–Cole plots indicated that clay platelets were homogeneously exfoliated in the organogel matrix. Thus, the thermoviscoelastic properties of gelatin organogels could be modulated to raise the gelation temperature to 43 °C, and gel strength to 1200 Pa by the addition of nanoclay whose concentration may not exceed 0.03% (w/v). Considering the wide application of gelatin gels in pharmaceuticals, food preservation and personal care products, the aforesaid enhancement in physical properties is significant. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Lattice deformation in silicon and germanium nanocrystals
Authors: Gert A. V. , Prokofiev A. A. , Yassievich I. N. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe present a theoretical study of lattice deformation and its influence on the electronic states and the optical transitions in Si and Ge nanocrystals covered by hydrogen. The lattice of Si and Ge nanocrystals has been optimized by Merck molecular force field method. The semiempirical tight‐binding computer simulation has shown that the lattice optimization reduces effective energy band gap in silicon nanocrystals and increases it in germanium nanocrystals. This is similar to the effect of the hydrostatic compression of bulk Si and Ge. The sketch of the state density distribution in k‐space is presented. It demonstrates the orbital‐valley mixing, that appears due to space‐quantization and lattice deformation influence.
Algebraic and geometric properties of equilibria in cyclic switched dynamic systems
Authors: Becerra Gerardo , Patino Diego , Minh Tu Pham , Lin‐Shi Xuefang 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe analysis of some properties for the equilibria of switched dynamic systems is addressed. In particular, the geometric properties of the equilibrium region in state space and the algebraic properties of the equations defining it are studied. Based on fundamental results from algebraic geometry, the equilibria properties of switched dynamic systems are analyzed. This alternative approach allows to obtain information about the set of equilibrium points without explicitly computing it. This study is developed for three different formulations of switched dynamic systems, revealing some interesting algebraic and geometric relations in their corresponding equilibria. Some examples, including the case of a power converter, are presented for illustration purposes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of Priority Areas for the Conservation of Stream Fish Assemblages: Implications for River Management in France
Authors: Maire A. , Laffaille P. , Maire J.‐F. , Buisson L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFinancial and human resources allocated to biodiversity conservation are often limited, making it impossible to protect all natural places, and priority areas for protection must be identified. In this study, we applied ecological niche models to predict fish assemblages in the stream network of France. Four non‐correlated conservation objectives were derived from these species assemblages: taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, natural heritage importance and socio‐economic value. We proposed a multi‐objective prioritization method based on the Pareto optimality principle to rank the planning units (i.e. 6097 subcatchments) according to their inherent trade‐offs between the four conservation objectives. Four types of hydrosystems of great conservation importance presenting specific fish assemblages were identified: (i) the most upstream areas of large catchments; (ii) the most downstream areas of large catchments; (iii) the small coastal catchments of the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean; and (iv) the Mediterranean streams of medium altitude. The fish assemblages characterizing these hydrosystems were complementary and representative of the entire fish fauna of France. Most of these priority subcatchments were found to be practically suitable for the implementation of conservation actions, which is very promising for the protection of river biodiversity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parents’ Understanding of Genetics and Heritability
Authors: Harding Brittany , Egan Rylan , Kannu Peter , MacKenzie Jennifer J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractParents have the opportunity to educate their children to facilitate behaviours and lifestyle habits that may prevent or delay genetic disease, or mitigate predispositions within the family. We sought to determine parents’ understanding of genetic knowledge and heritability. Using a quantitative survey methodology 108 volunteer participants were surveyed from a convenience sample of all parents/caregivers within the waiting room of a general children's outpatient clinic. Results indicated that average genetic knowledge levels were fairly high, with the majority of participants scoring 70–80 % correct on knowledge‐based questions. Further, scores were found to be positively correlated with education, but inversely correlated with self‐perceived knowledge. This finding suggests that participants with less experience tended to overestimate their knowledge. We suggest that gaps in knowledge of genetics and heritability could be improved by using educational interventions such as media campaigns, provision of informational brochures, or changes to current high school curriculum which would increase exposure to genetics and heritability for both parents and children.
“Every coin has two sides”: The effects of dialectical thinking and attitudinal ambivalence on psychological discomfort and consumer choice
Authors: Pang Jun , Keh Hean Tat , Li Xiuping , Maheswaran Durairaj 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPrior research suggests that consumers experience psychological discomfort when they make a choice under attitudinal ambivalence. The research reported here examines systematic cross‐cultural variations in psychological discomfort as a function of dialectical thinking and attitudinal ambivalence in the context of choice. It shows that compared to nondialectical (Western) consumers, dialectical (Eastern) consumers experience less psychological discomfort when they hold bivalent evaluations of the focal object, but more psychological discomfort when they hold univalent evaluations (Study 1). It also identifies “uncertainty about making the correct choice” as the underlying process that accounts for these findings (Study 2). In addition, this research explores the downstream effects of psychological discomfort on choice deferral in the context of free choice (Study 3) and preference reversal in the context of forced choice (Study 4). Contributions to and implications for research on attitudinal ambivalence, choice behavior, and dialectical thinking are discussed.