bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic performance of a two‐step method using the Fibro‐Scope system for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Seko Yuya , Yamaguchi Kanji , Shima Toshihide , Tanaka Saiyu , Shirono Takao , Takahashi Yusuke , Takeuchi Kento , Kataoka Seita , Moriguchi Michihisa , Okanoue Takeshi , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimFibro‐Scope is an artificial intelligence/neural network system for the noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease. We aimed to examine the diagnostic performance of a two‐step method that used the Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index and Fibro‐Scope system for the assessment of Japanese patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease.MethodsWe analyzed a longitudinal study cohort of 796 Japanese patients with biopsy‐proven metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease during a follow‐up period of 6.4 years. The predictive performance of the two‐step method of FIB‐4 index and Fibro‐Scope for liver‐related events and prognostic performance of that were assessed in the patients.ResultsIn the 796 patients, by classifying the intermediate zone, defined by FIB‐4 index 1.30–2.67, using the Fibro‐Scope, the final classification was 69.6% low risk, 28.3% high risk, and 2.1% in the middle‐risk group. The sensitivity and specificity for predicting advanced fibrosis (≥F3) was 84.0% and 84.0%. During the follow‐up period, 52 (6.5%) patients developed liver‐related events and 35 died. Multivariate analysis revealed that high‐risk patients derived from the two‐step method had hazard ratios of 30.1 or the development of liver‐related events and 7.8 for outcome.ConclusionsThe two‐step method using the FIB‐4 index and Fibro‐Scope contributed to improving the diagnostic performance by picking up high‐risk patients from those classified as intermediate risk with the FIB‐4 index. This noninvasive method, which uses a blood sample is a cost‐effective screening method, is suitable for clinical practice in Japan.
Reflections on an Evidence Review Process to Inform the Co‐Design of a Toolkit for Supporting End‐of‐Life Care Planning With People With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Tilley Elizabeth , Rouse Lorna , Tuffrey‐Wijne Irene , Anderson‐Kittow Rebecca 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere is growing recognition that healthcare inequalities faced by people with intellectual disabilities extend to their experiences at the end of life, resulting in calls for more inclusive research to help address these inequities. Our study aimed to address this through the co‐design of a toolkit for supporting end‐of‐life care planning with people with intellectual disabilities. To inform the co‐design process, we undertook an evidence review to identify existing tools, resources and approaches that were already being used in practice.MethodsOur evidence review comprised three components: (i) a rapid scoping review of the academic literature, (ii) a desk‐based search of the grey literature and (iii) an online survey to capture unpublished resources that were distributed to services, professionals, third‐sector organisations and family members. A longlist of existing materials was appraised using an adapted version of the AGREE II instrument, resulting in a shortlist that was shared with the co‐design team.ResultsThe evidence review played a critical role in the co‐design of a new toolkit of end‐of‐life care resources for people with intellectual disabilities. However, AGREE II proved to be limited for our purposes.ConclusionsThe survey was particularly useful in helping us identify resources, tools and approaches in current use. We identified evidence review processes that served to support co‐design team activities and elements that were more problematic. We argue that evidence review practices might be enhanced to better aid co‐design activities in health and care research, particularly for studies involving people with intellectual disabilities.Patient or Public ContributionThis article reflects on an evidence review that was conducted as part of The Victoria and Stuart Project. People with intellectual disabilities were deeply involved at every stage of project design, delivery and dissemination. The project employed people with intellectual disabilities as members of the core research team. People with intellectual disabilities and family carers were members of the project co‐design team and the project Advisory Group. The evidence review process itself was led by academic members of the research team with contributions from colleagues with intellectual disabilities via the Advisory Group and core research team. The findings from the evidence review were used by the co‐design team to inform the development of an end‐of‐life care planning toolkit for people with intellectual disabilities.
‘You're Just Thinking About Going Home’: Exploring Person‐Centred Medication Communication With Older Patients at Hospital Discharge
Authors: Cam Henrik , Franzon Kristin , Sporrong Sofia Kälvemark , Kempen Thomas Gerardus Hendrik , Bernsten Cecilia , Nielsen Elisabet I. , Gustavsson Lovisa , Moosavi Elnaz , Lindmark Stina , Ehlin Ulf , Sjölander Maria , Lindner Karl‐Johan , Gillespie Ulrika 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe hospital discharge process poses significant safety risks for older patients due to complexities in communication and coordination among stakeholders, leading to potential drug‐related problems post‐discharge. Adopting a person‐centred care (PCC) approach in medication communication by healthcare professionals (HCPs) is crucial to ensure positive health outcomes. This study aimed to explore the practice of PCC in medication communication between older patients and HCPs during the hospital discharge process.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using non‐participatory direct observations of patient–HCP consultations during hospital discharge, followed by semi‐structured interviews with observed patients and, when applicable, their informal caregivers. Data collection occurred from October 2020 to May 2021 at two Swedish hospitals. We gathered data using an observational form and audio‐recorded all consultations and interviews. The data were analysed thematically using the systematic text condensation method.ResultsTwenty patients were included (median age: 81 years [range: 65–94]; 9 female) in observations and 13 of them participated in interviews. Two patients were accompanied by an informal caregiver during the interviews. Three main themes were identified: (1) The impact of traditional authoritarian structures, depicts power dynamics between patients and their HCPs, showing how traditional structures influence the practice of PCC in medication communication during hospital discharge; (2) Consultation timing and mode not on patients' terms, describes suboptimal times and settings for consultations, along with the use of complex language that hinders effective communication; and (3) Discrepancy in expectations of self‐care ability, illustrates a mismatch between the self‐care guidance provided by HCPs during hospital discharge and the actual needs and preferences of patients and informal caregivers.ConclusionMedication communication between older patients and HCPs during hospital discharge is frequently inconsistent with the practice of PCC. Not only must HCPs improve their communication strategies, but patients and their informal caregivers should also be better prepared for discharge communication and encouraged to participate in their care. This involvement would give them relevant knowledge and tailor communication to their individual needs, preventing problems in managing their medications after discharge.Patient or Public ContributionAn advisory group of six patients and/or informal caregiver contributors provided input on the study design, edited the consent forms, and helped develop the interview guide.
Inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis in defense against pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Oh Changhoon , Spears Todd J. , Aachoui Youssef 
Published: October 2024

SummaryMacrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells are pivotal components of the host's immune response against bacterial infections. These cells employ inflammasomes to detect various microbial stimuli during infection, triggering an inflammatory response aimed at eradicating the pathogens. Among these inflammatory responses, pyroptosis, a lytic form of cell death, plays a crucial role in eliminating replicating bacteria and recruiting immune cells to combat the invading pathogen. The immunological function of pyroptosis varies across macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells, aligning with their specific roles within the innate immune system. This review centers on elucidating the role of pyroptosis in resisting gram‐negative bacterial infections, with a particular focus on the mechanisms at play in macrophages, neutrophils, and intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, we underscore the cell type‐specific roles of pyroptosis in vivo in these contexts during defense.
Governance of labour relations in the platform economy. The cooperation between YouTubers Union and IG Metall
Authors: Witzak Patrick , Hertwig Markus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe article focuses on the factors that explain the emergence and accomplishments of the ‘FairTube’ campaign, which was initiated in 2019 by the YouTubers Union and the German metalworkers' union IG Metall, and was later established as a formalised German association (“Verein”). While the initial focus of the campaign was on changing the monetisation rules, which YouTube had altered very abruptly in 2017, the initiative subsequently focused on improving the working conditions of content creators. Methodologically, we deploy a mixed‐methods design that flanks media discourse network analysis through qualitative content analysis of expert interviews, which helps to identify the interaction between these established and new actors in the governance and interest representation in the digital platform economy. Our findings reveal a ‘hybrid form of governance’ that, by aligning ideologies and combining sources of power, was able to accomplish most of the goals set out by the campaign (avoiding arbitrary platform decisions, increasing transparency and communication, securing creators' income). We conclude that new forms of collective action, i.e. the coalition between “old” and “new” organizations, may mitigate particular negative consequences of the platform economy. The study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of platform work and to the concepts of power, ideas, and interests in industrial relations.
Lesion monitoring parameters as predictors of atrial arrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation in persistent AF: A DECAAF II sub‐analysis
Authors: Mekhael Mario , Feng Han , Younes Hadi , Chouman Nour , Assaf Ala , Lim Chanho , Huang Chao , Donnellan Eoin , Rao Swati , Marrouche Nassir , Kreidieh Omar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe formation of transmural lesions is necessary for the ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (prAF). Ablation index (AI) and generator impedance drop (ID) predict lesion size but their correlation with long‐term outcomes in prAF is not known. Furthermore, we proposed a new parameter, efficacy ratio (ER) calculated as ID/AI, to gain indirect insight into the role of factors affecting ID but not considered by AI.MethodsWe included ablations performed during the DECAAF II trial if they had uploaded lesion‐by‐lesion summary data and were performed with radiofrequency catheters on the CARTO system. Average patient‐level parameters were calculated from all generated Vizitags.ResultsA total of 427 ablations met inclusion criteria and 166 utilized AI. Analyzed as continuous variables, ID and ER predicted long‐term arrhythmia‐free survival but not AI. The ideal cut‐off for ID was ID ≥ 10.4 ohms and had a C‐index of 0.55. It predicted reduced risk of arrhythmia: hazard ratio 0.56 [0.36–0.88], p = .013 (arrhythmia‐free survival of 67% vs. 52%). Similarly, an ER of 1.7 ohms/100AI had a C‐index of 0.58 and predicted reduced arrhythmia recurrence: HR 0.39 [0.22–0.69], p = .001. ER < 1.7 ohms/100AI was related to just 32% arrhythmia‐free survival. ER improved prognostication as compared to ID alone and identified a subset of low ID patients with even worse outcomes.ConclusionAverage ID was predictive of improved outcomes following ablation of prAF. The ratio of ID/AI (ER) was postulated as a measure to summarize the overall impact of factors not considered in the AI formula and provided improved prognostication.
Blood L‐cystine levels positively related to increased risk of hypertension
Authors: Chen Haijun , Deng Yalan , Zhou Hailing , Wu Wenzhong , Bao Jinhua , Cao Deyou , Li Yuze , Feng Yingmei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHypertension is one component of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Here, the study evaluated hypertension‐associated metabolites in relation to other MetS components. Fasting plasma samples were collected from 22 hypertensive and 63 normotensive subjects for non‐targeted metabolomics. Compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensive patients were more diabetic (6.3% vs. 36.4%) and had dyslipidemia (27.0% vs. 63.6%) (both p < .05). By non‐targeted metabolomics, 758 metabolites in 22 classes were identified and 56 were differentially regulated between hypertensive and normotensive groups. Amongst these 56 metabolites, receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that 14 had an area under the curve above 0.6. Multivariate‐adjusted logistic regression analysis demonstrated that per one‐fold increase of L‐glutmatic acid, L‐cystine, (9S,10E,12Z,15Z)‐9‐Hydroxy‐10,12,15‐octadecatrienoic acid, deoxyribose 5‐phosphate, and falcarinolone, the odds ratios were 3.64, 4.61, 0.26, 0.26, and 0.37 for having the risk of hypertension, respectively. Of five metabolites, by Spearman's correlation analysis, only L‐glutmatic acid and L‐cystine levels were positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (all p < .05). Spearman's correlation analysis further revealed that L‐glutmatic acid levels were positively correlated with to body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, and serum triglyceride but negatively associated with HDL‐c (all p < .05) whereas L‐cystine levels were not related to any of these components (p ≥ .13). Multivariate‐adjusted linear regression analysis confirmed the positive correlation between L‐cystine levels and systolic or diastolic blood pressure (β = 2.66 for SBP; β = 2.50 for DBP; both p < .05). In conclusion, L‐cystine could be a potent metabolite for increased risk of hypertension.
The Relationships Among Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Carotid–Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in Adults
Authors: Ou Xiaowen , Lin Tong , Gong Jin , Cai Xiaoqi , Han Ying , Xu Guoyan , Xie Liangdi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe relationships between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in adults were investigated. A total of 1398 subjects were included according to the inclusion criteria. Demographic data, medical history, and biochemical indicators were collected. The cfPWV was measured using the Complior Analyse device. AIP was calculated using the following formula: AIP = log (triglycerides/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol). Correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression were performed to explore the relationships between AIP and cfPWV. Compared to the cfPWV normal group, the cfPWV elevated group had a higher level of AIP (p < 0.05). In all subjects, mild‐to‐moderate correlations were found between AIP and cfPWV (p < 0.05). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that AIP was an independent factor associated with cfPWV (β = 0.156, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the prevalence of cfPWV ≥ 10 m/s increased with the rise of AIP (OR = 18.291, p < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for AIP was 0.697. The critical point for AIP was determined as 0.00 by the Youden index (sensitivity of 76.2% and specificity of 54.3%). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that in the young and middle‐aged group with normal cfPWV, AIP was an independent factor associated with cfPWV (p < 0.05). In adults, AIP is an independent factor associated with an increased cfPWV. When AIP > 0.00, it has a certain predictive value in the screening of atherosclerosis.
Non‐Surgical Treatment of Moderate Periodontal Intrabony Defects With Adjunctive Cross‐Linked Hyaluronic Acid: A Single‐Blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Iorio‐Siciliano Vincenzo , Blasi Andrea , Mauriello Leopoldo , Salvi Giovanni E. , Ramaglia Luca , Sculean Anton 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate the clinical outcomes of moderate intrabony defects treated with minimally invasive non‐surgical technique (MINST) with or without adjunctive delivery of cross‐linked hyaluronic acid (xHyA) gel.Materials and MethodsForty‐two patients with 42 interdental intrabony defects were randomly assigned to test (MINST + xHyA) or control procedures (MINST alone). Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR) and bleeding on probing (BOP) at the treated sites were assessed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. Full‐mouth plaque score (FMPS) and full‐mouth bleeding score (FMBS) were recorded at baseline and after 6 months. Radiographic evaluation was performed at baseline and after 6 months, assessing the defect fill (DF) and radiographic defect angle (RDA). The primary outcome variable was PD change.ResultsThirty‐eight patients completed the trial without any adverse events. At 6 months, a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) was measured in all clinical parameters except GR (p > 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the experimental and control procedures (p > 0.05). Statistically significant differences between the test and control sites were observed at 3 months for PD and CAL changes (p < 0.05). The DF change was statistically significant when comparing experimental and control procedures at 6 months (p < 0.05). Both procedures failed to show statistically significant differences in terms of RDA changes at 6 months (p > 0.05).ConclusionWithin their limitations, the present results indicate that (a) treatment of intrabony defects with MINST, with or without application of xHyA gel, resulted in statistically significant improvements in the investigated clinical parameters at 3 and 6 months after therapy, and (b) although the adjunctive use of xHyA gel to MINST improved the clinical outcomes compared with MINST alone up to 3 months, statistically significant differences were not observed at 6 months. The study protocol was registered in ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT05188898).
Familiarity preferences in zebrafish (Danio rerio) depend on shoal proximity
Authors: Swaney William T. , Ellwood Caitlyn , Davis Joshua P. , Reddon Adam R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIndividuals of many species prefer to associate with familiar conspecifics from their established social group over unfamiliar conspecifics. Such familiarity preferences are thought to be adaptive and have been documented widely in many social fishes. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are extensively studied, highly social fish that form stable shoals in the wild, however there is only mixed evidence for familiarity preferences in this species. Here, we test how a small variation in experimental design can influence preferences for familiar conspecifics in D. rerio by varying the distance between two stimulus shoals of fish in a shoaling choice paradigm. Individual subjects tested for their preference to shoal with familiar or unfamiliar groups of conspecifics showed a preference for familiar fish when the two shoals were 30 cm apart, but not when they were 45 or 60 cm apart. Thus, choice tests can be used to detect familiarity preferences in D. rerio, but only when alternate shoals are close together, as increased intershoal distances seemingly prevent subjects from displaying their preference. Longer distances may inhibit preference behavior due to the higher risk of crossing between shoals, alternatively subjects may be unable to reliably discern distinguishing cues of familiarity when the shoals are further apart. Our results demonstrate that while familiarity preferences exist in D. rerio, experimental test design is critical for detecting and measuring these successfully.
The m6A reader IGF2BP1 contributes to the activation of hepatic stellate cells through facilitating TUBB4B mRNA stabilization
Authors: Li Yanshan , Chen Ling , Li Shuyi , Song Haoxin , Chen Yijun , Wang Shuzhen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe m6A reader insulin‐like growth factor‐2 mRNA‐binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) is involved in multiple pathophysiological processes through enhanced expression of the proteins encoded by their target mRNAs. However, the functional role of IGF2BP1‐mediated m6A in liver fibrosis remains elusive. Here, we report that IGF2BP1 is highly expressed in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the major driver of fibrogenesis, and TUBB4B is identified as a potential target of IGF2BP1 by re‐analysis of the RNA‐seq, RIP‐seq, and m6A‐seq data. The relevant findings were subsequently demonstrated by a series of molecular and cellular evidences. The knockdown of IGF2BP1 or TUBB4B and pharmacological inhibition of TUBB4B by mebendazole treatments significantly suppress the proliferation, migration, and activation of HSCs. Mechanistically, IGF2BP1 upregulates TUBB4B expression through stabilizing TUBB4B in an m6A‐dependent manner, and TUBB4B induces liver fibrosis by activating the FAK signaling pathway. Collectively, our results indicate that targeting IGF2BP1/TUBB4B/FAK axis in HSCs could be a promising therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis.
Comparing self‐report medication data from a longitudinal study on intellectual disability and national dispensing records
Authors: Gorman A. , Odalović M. , McCallion P. , Paul A. , Burke É. , MacLachlan M. , McCarron M. , Henman M. C. , Moran M. , O'Connell J. , Shankar R. , Ryan C. , O'Dwyer M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedication data are a valuable resource in epidemiological studies. As the most common data collection method of medication data is self‐report, it is important to understand the accuracy of this in comparison with other methods such as dispensing records. The aim of this study was to compare the agreement between two different sources of medication data of older adults with intellectual disability (ID).MethodsSelf‐report medication data were gathered from the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and linked to national pharmacy dispensing records. The kappa statistic was used to measure agreement between the two data sources for psychotropic medication.ResultsThe lowest agreement level was ‘moderate’ for the number of anxiolytics reported (kappa 0.56). The highest level of agreement was ‘almost perfect’ for the binary variable of antipsychotics (kappa 0.91). Other agreement results were ‘substantial’ or ‘almost perfect’.ConclusionsGood agreement was found between the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing medication dataset and national dispensing records. Self‐report medication data appear to be a valid method of data collection in psychotropic medication use in adults with ID.