bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in perceptions and emotions before and after refeeding in anorexia nervosa: a pilot study
Authors: Kennedy Sidney H , Katz Randy , Ford Christine G , Ralevski Elizabeth 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective: Physiological and psychological distortions associated with eating are recognised within the syndrome of anorexia nervosa. The purpose of this study was to compare subgroups of restricting and bulimic anorexic patients (AN-R and AN-B) with control subjects, and with themselves after six weeks of refeeding and weight gain, on a series of indices before and after a standard meal. Method: Nineteen consecutively admitted female AN patients completed visual analogue ratings of hunger, satiety, depression, urge to binge, urge to vomit and food craving during the first week and sixth week of hospitalisation. A female control group of seven subjects completed similar ratings for one week. The patient ratings were compared to those of the control subjects at baseline before and after a meal. Further comparisons between the two patient groups were also carried out six weeks after treatment. Results: As expected, AN patients reported significantly higher ratings of depression, urges to vomit, urges to binge and higher satiety levels when compared to controls. Comparisons between the patient subgroups revealed that at baseline AN-B patients had significantly higher urges to vomit that AN-R patients after meals, and reported significantly less satiety both before and after eating. Also, an increase in depression after the meal, at baseline, was reported by both groups although after six weeks higher levels of depression were recorded before rather than after the meal. There was also a significant decrease in food cravings after six weeks compared to baseline for both patient groups.Conclusions: The findings in this study provide further evidence that clinically significant differences exist between subtypes of patients suffering from anorexia nervosa, and highlight the differential, change in various symptoms during intense hospital treatment.
A study of deliberate self-poisoning in a Dublin hospital 1986 – 1990
Authors: Coakley Fergus , Hayes Catherine , Fennell John , Johnson Zachary 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective: The study was undertaken to determine the current demographic and clinical features of cases of deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) presenting to an acute general hospital and to compare the findings with previous work in Ireland and elsewhere. Method: Four hundred and sixty seven consecutive admissions for DSP presenting to a Dublin hospital between 1986 and 1990 inclusive were identified retrospectively and the case notes reviewed. Data was collected on age, sex, marital status, past history, date of DSP, drugs used, motivating factors and outcome. Results: The peak age of DSP was 15-24 years. The female:male ratio was 1.5:1. There was an increased incidence of DSP in women in July and August. In 32% there was a previous history of DSP. Benzodiazepines, antidepressants and analgesics/anti-inflammatories were the commonest drugs taken. There was a significant medical complication in 10.5% of cases, but no fatalities. Twenty-five percent of patients were subsequently admitted to psychiatric inpatient care. Conclusions: DSP is an ongoing problem. The summer peak in females may be related to the parenting burden during the summer recess. The high rate of repetition suggests a significant reduction could be achieved with successful strategies for secondary prevention. The high rate of psychiatric in-patient referral may be related to a low threshold for admissions to Irish psychiatric hospitals.
Factors influencing general practitioner referral to a child psychiatric service
Authors: Chithiramohan Ramalingam N , Ballard Clive G , Baxter Mark A , Jones Linda , Handy Sumithra , McGibben Lawrence , Sheikh Anwar , Silveira Raza 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective: To investigate factors influencing general practitioner referrals of children with psychiatric disorders to specialist services. Method: One hundred and sixty seven general practitioners were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire concerning their referral practices. Results: Emotional disorder, conduct disorder, drug abuse and habit disorder were the problems most likely to be referred to the child psychiatric clinic. Parental concern and the severity of the child's illness were considered to be more important than social circumstances in determining referral to specialist services. Conclusions: Many general practitioners indicated that they would have referred children with psychiatric disorders to specialist services other than child psychiatry. Proactive liaison work is needed to increase the awareness and confidence of general practitioners in child psychiatric services.
Father-son incest: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Murphy Kieran C , Shelley Rory K 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA case report of father-son incest is described. A review of the literature suggests that father-son incest may be significantly under-reported. We suggest that this may be because it is seldom sought after and even less readily recognised. The possibility of the male incest victim should be considered in males who present with depression, severe anxiety, low self-esteem and difficulties with sexual orientation.
The Fregoli syndrome and cannabis delusional disorder
Authors: Eva Francis J , Perry David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA case of the Fregoli syndrome in a patient meeting the DSM-III-R criteria for Cannabis Delusional Disorder is presented. It appears to the authors, after reviewing the literature on the subject, that the delusion ascribed to the Fregoli syndrome, which occurs mainly in Schizophrenia, is being noted in a slowly widening group of psychotic disorders, of which Cannabis Delusional Disorder is the latest.
Committal law in Ireland
Authors: Gibbons Patrick , Walshe David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLegislation governing committal practice has been a cause of controversy worldwide. A review of the relevant literature highlights the ongoing debate between those advocating broadly based ‘need for treatment’ criteria as a basis for committal (‘Parens Patriae’), and those who advocate more narrowly defined criteria requiring evidence of ‘dangerousness’ to validate committal. Current committal law in Ireland follows the ‘Parens Patriae’ tradition. However the recently published Green Paper on Mental Health points out that the current law is not compatible with international obligations, making reform inevitable. The Green Paper suggests various alterations in relation to committal criteria and procedures, with the retention of both ‘need for treatment’ as well as ‘dangerousness’ as valid committal criteria. These changes appear to be compatible with the ‘Stone criteria’ adopted as a model committal law by the American Psychiatric Association.
Non-lithium pharmacological treatment of manic depression: a review
Authors: O'Shea Brian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectives:To examine the reasons why manic-depressive patients often fail to respond to lithium and, the chief purpose of this paper, to review the present state of knowledge concerning alternative pharmacotherapies to lithium in this disorder.Method:Literature review.Findings:Lithium produces a clinically useful effect in 70-80% of cases. Factors such as non-compliance, side-effects, serum levels, and enduring psychosocial influences on the patient must be considered before treatment failure is diagnosed. Carbamazepine is the most studied alternative drug to date, and the most likely predictors of response to this agent are rapid-cycling, absence of a family history of affective disorder, mania, severe illness, and non-response to lithium.Conclusions:In view of the 20-25% of patients who do not respond to lithium, and the increased likelihood that lithium-responders may fail to respond again once the drug has been stopped for a period, further research is needed to find better and safer prophylactics against depression in bipolar disorders and to refine our knowledge of the indications for use of those already available.
Temporal determinants of language acquisition and bilingualism
Authors: Breathnach Caoimhghin S 
Published: March 2016

AbstractModern methods of investigation in conscious subjects have shown that in normal brain, language is catered for by several essential areas localised in the frontal and temperoparietal cortex and by widely dispersed neurones that serve subsidiary, specialised linguistic functions. These sensory specific, phonological, articulatory and semantic ‘modules’ are activated in parallel. A relatively limited amount of language heard during the sensitive period, when one or other cerebral hemisphere usually becomes dominant for language, is all that is required for any normal child to develop fluency. The specific details of the code, or ‘set’, developed are dependent on the language of the child's environment; they are culturally acquired, but the propensity for language is inborn. During this sensitive period, two languages may be as easily accommodated as one. In stark contrast to the acquisition of natural bilingualism, after about the age of 10 years, any new language is acquired with difficulty for it must be translated into the individual's established language or languages. If a nation is to become bilingual, full advantage of the evanescent sensitive period must be taken by regularly exposing the pre-school child, rather than the older child undergoing formal education, to two languages.
A study of violent behaviour by residents in a mental handicap centre
Authors: Keenan Eamonn , Ramsay Louis 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective: The authors were aware of a high level of aggression in their centre and felt that a systematic review of incidents of aggression could be of benefit to both staff and residents. Method: A retrospective review of all incidents over a one year period was performed. Data involving the resident and the incident itself were analysed. An ICD 9 psychiatric diagnosis was attributed to each resident where possible. Results: The results show a large number of incidents, mostly of a minor nature. In almost half the incidents the nurse was the victim. There was a lower number of incidents in January and February. Forty one of the 45 residents involved in incidents had a psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusion: There is a general trend for moving from residential settings to the community. Our results suggest that as time goes on our centre will contain more residents with a psychiatric diagnosis who have a potential for aggression. We suggest ways of coping with this aggression and produce an incident form for recording aggressive incidents.
Services to schizophrenic patients: epidemiological and cost-effectiveness issues
Authors: Williams Richard , Walsh Dermot , Dalby J Thomas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective: This study is designed to evaluate a hospital based integrated service for the comprehensive delivery of care and treatment to patients with schizophrenia, on epidemeological, cost effectiveness, and quality of life parameters. Methods: All patients with an ICD9 diagnosis of schizophrenia who received services from the St. Lomans Catchment area during a 2 year period were evaluated for service utilization during a subsequent 2 year period. Data was collected on basic demographics for the epidemiological aspects of the study, and for all aspects of services utilized, eg. day hospital attendance, inpatient bed useage, time spent with psychiatrist, community nurse visit or clinic visit. Costs for all services were calculated using disaggregate cost data. Quality of life of the patients was assessed through the Lehman quality of life questionnaire administered to every third identified patient. Results: 572 schizophrenic patients were identified from the case register and case records search. An analysis of the data indicated no difference in age of first contact with services on rural/urban or male/female comparisons contrasting with previously reported findings. Males tend to utilize proportionately more services in both rural and urban settings. Inpatient hospitalizations contributed the most to per patient costs and a small group of patients, comprising less than 5% of the total population, consumed 10% of the total costs consumed by all diagnostic groups and 30% of the costs of all schizophrenics. Non-hospitalized patients experienced the highest quality of life ratings. Conclusions: Hospital based community services to schizophrenics can be run cost-effectively. There remains a small subgroup of schizophrenic patients who are hard to place or treat in the community and they consume a disporportionate amount of the hospital's costs. Services that attempt to establish patients in the community can do so cost effectively provided there are hospital inpatient beds available as a back up. The benefits of this type of comprehensive service delivery to the schizophrenic population served are demonstrated.
A catchment area study of suicides in Waterford in 1990
Authors: O'Dwyer Anne-Marie , Sheppard Noel P , Murphy Maurice N , Horgan Richard 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective: To survey suicides occurring in Waterford City and County in 1990, to calculate a suicide rate for the region and to examine a series of drownings which occurred during the study period. Method: A catchment area study was carried out with information being collected from coroner's reports, police records, postmortem reports and other sources. Cases were defined by clinical criteria. Results: 13 males and 1 female were considered to have died by suicide, giving an estimated suicide rate of 15 per 100,000. Demographic characteristics and prevalence of psychiatric morbidity conformed broadly to national trends. Conclusion: Structuring a study to deal with suicides within a particular catchment area allows ready access to detailed information from local sources and yields information of special interest and significance to the psychiatric services of the area. Study of a series of drownings in young adult males in 1990 which had aroused much local concern illustrates the difficulties in categorising deaths accurately by this method.
Engaging problem drinkers in a general hospital setting
Authors: McDonnell Catherine , Patterson Diana G , Hughes Ann Marie 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective:To determine the level of engagement as defined by return for out-patient appointment in patients referred for alcohol counselling in a general hospital.Method:The hospital was offered a service with counselling within 24 hours for patients who were identified by ward staff as having alcohol related problems. Referred patients were interviewed on the ward by a nurse who specialised in alcohol counselling. Follow-up appointments were offered.Results:60% of those given counselling returned for further counselling as out-patients. 83% of women counselled were engaged compared with 42% of men (p<0.05). The mean SADD (a measure of alcohol dependency) score was 23.9 in those subjects who were engaged and 18.6 in those not engaged (p<0.05), indicating greater dependency in the former group.Conclusions:Although these patients had not actively sought help with their drinking 60% returned for counselling as out-patients. Women and those with high levels of alcohol dependency were more likely to seek further counselling.
Post traumatic stress disorder symptoms in prisoners following a cell mate's hanging
Authors: Freyne Aideen , O'Connor Art 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPost traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well recognised condition which occurs in people who have been exposed to severe trauma as victims, potential victims or witnesses. A review of case notes of all prisoners transferred since 1988 to a national forensic psychiatric hospital following traumatic hanging events in prison revealed that all patients had psychological symptoms and four had symptoms probably fulfilling PTSD according to DSM III R criteria. Our findings are discussed with reference to the literature on PTSD, the nature of the prison environment, the premorbid personality of prisoners, and the implications for dealing with the effect of suicide within a prison setting.
Remarkable resolution of an uncommon psychosyndrome: epilepsy-induced remission of Cotard's syndrome
Authors: Malone Kevin , Malone John P 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA case of Cotard's syndrome which resolved following two grand mal seizures is described. This case illustrates how organic factors can be aetiologically significant in psychiatric disease. It also illustrates the usefulness of convulsive therapy, whether prescribed or occurring via nature, in this rare disorder.
Psychiatric hospital staff knowledge and attitudes towards AIDS, and the impact of an in-house education seminar
Authors: McIvor Ronan J , Shelley Rory K 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA self-administered questionnaire assessing general knowledge about AIDS, including modes of transmission, methods of prevention and attitudes to the disease, was completed by staff in a psychiatric hospital after an AIDS education seminar. The data were used to assess staff knowledge of and attitudes to AIDS, and to assess the usefulness of the seminar in changing these. Responses to individual questionnaire items were examined for associations with age, sex, job description and attendance at the seminar.Eighty-six staff members returned questionnaires, a response rate of 39%. The results showed that levels of knowledge concerning AIDS transmission and prevention were high. A significantly greater proportion of seminar attenders were aware that needles should not be recapped after taking blood samples, but when this and other knowledge and attitude responses were corrected to allow for the higher proportion of non-medical staff among the non-attenders, there were no significant differences between attenders and non-attenders.These results suggest that an omnibus AIDS education seminar may not produce a worthwhile improvement in staff knowledge of or attitudes to AIDS.
Allegations of child sexual abuse: delayed reporting and false memory
Authors: Byrne Peter , Sheppard Noel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEleven case histories, including diagnoses and outcome, are presented of patients who made, or were the subject of, allegations of sexual abuse, but where these allegations were subsequently withdrawn or disproved. How such situations come about is discussed, with special reference to the false memory syndrome, a term made popular by recent media coverage. Given the complexity of this ‘syndrome’, an argument is put forward that diagnostic guidelines be established so that direct studies of its natural history and treatments may be undertaken.
Dissociative psychosis: an atypical presentation and response to cognitive-analytic therapy
Authors: Graham Candida , Thavasotby Rijan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe report on a patient with a rare type of dissociative disorder, dissociative psychosis (hysterical psychosis), in whom gustatory, olfactory, visual and auditory hallucinations occurred. Auditory and visual hallucinations have been described in previous cases of dissociative psychosis, and olfactory and gustatory hallucinations have been described associated with sexual assault but this case is unusual in that hallucinations occur in all modalities in one patient, as yet not described in the literature The basis of the dissociative disorder lay in a childhood sexual trauma and therefore the traditionally advocated treatment for such a case is the psychotherapeutic abreaction of these previous traumatising events. This approach caused worsening symptomatology and the patient experienced frequent lapses into dissociative psychosis. However, focused cognitive-analytic therapy concentrating on the patient's personal conflicts at the time of presentation resulted in a resolution of symptoms and a return to health.
Inpatient liaison psychiatry: the experience of two Irish general hospitals without psychiatric units
Authors: Swanwick Gregory , Clare Anthony 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to examine the provision of psychiatric care to inpatients in two Irish general hospitals without psychiatric units and to comment on (a) how this service model compares with previous Irish studies, (b) whether it meets the goals of liaison psychiatry, and (c) the implications for future service planning. Method: Demographic and clinical details relating to all the psychiatric consultations to inpatients (i.e. there was no emergency service to the casualty department) in two general hospitals were collected over a six month period. Results: Although the service was provided on a nonemergency basis the referral rate [1.6% of total admissions], patient characteristics, reasons for referral, diagnoses, and suggested management strategies were very similar to previous Irish studies. Assessment of deliberate self-harm cases was the most common reason for referral [37.9% of 145 referrals]. Notably, there was a high level of diagnostic accuracy from non-psychiatric colleagues in this liaison model. Conclusions: This study, of a service model characterised by an emphasis on liaison, points to efforts on the part of the psychiatrist to improve communication with medical and surgical colleagues as being of primary importance in the development of general hospital psychiatry services.
Psychiatric sequelae of MDMA (ecstasy) and related drugs
Authors: Cassidy Geraldine , Ballard Clive G 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTwo cases of psychiatric disorder temporally related to the abuse of hallucinogenic amphetamines 3, 4 methylenedi-oxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) are described, suggesting that a variety of psychiatric morbidity may be precipitated by abuse of these drugs, including paranoid psychosis, mixed affective psychosis and symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder.
Opiate dependence in acute intermittent porphyria
Authors: Procter Elizabeth A , McKenzie Immanuel P 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAcute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP) is often accompanied by psychiatric disturbance. Despite routine use of opiate analgesia in the treatment of the acute illness, only one case of dependence is described in the literature. We report a further case where dependence on morphine complicated the assessment and management of a woman with AIP who had been admitted to psychiatric hospital following the death of her child. Clinical implications are discussed.
Naloxone: lack of effect of a very low dose on fluid intake and activity in rats
Authors: Bell Robert , Davis Sheree 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOpiate antagonists, such as naloxone, have been employed to indicate the possible involvement of endogenous opioids in a variety of behaviours including the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This paper describes two experiments which were performed to determine the effects of naloxone on fluid intake and activity in rats. In experiment 1, the administration of 1mg/kg naloxone significantly (p<0.001) reduced water intake. 10mg/kg naloxone considerably reduced water intake, although this result was not significant. This influence was transient, since water intake was restored to control levels at the end of the 4 hours test period, and not dose related. A low dose of naloxone 0.01mg/kg produced no effect. In experiment 2, doses of 1 and 10mg/kg did not influence locomotor activity, rearing or grooming in the open field. These results suggest that naloxone may exert a primary antidipsogenic action that does not depend upon any suppression of concomitant activity. Furthermore, mechanisms controlling water intake and activity appear to be dissociated. A speculative role for the endogenous opioid system is discussed.