bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating synchronous demographic changes across populations using hABC and its application for a herpetological community from northeastern Brazil
Authors: Gehara Marcelo , Garda Adrian A. , Werneck Fernanda P. , Oliveira Eliana F. , da Fonseca Emanuel M. , Camurugi Felipe , Magalhães Felipe de M. , Lanna Flávia M. , Sites Jack W. , Marques Ricardo , Silveira‐Filho Ricardo , São Pedro Vinícius A. , Colli Guarino R. , Costa Gabriel C. , Burbrink Frank T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMany studies propose that Quaternary climatic cycles contracted and/or expanded the ranges of species and biomes. Strong expansion–contraction dynamics of biomes presume concerted demographic changes of associated fauna. The analysis of temporal concordance of demographic changes can be used to test the influence of Quaternary climate on diversification processes. Hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation (hABC) is a powerful and flexible approach that models genetic data from multiple species, and can be used to estimate the temporal concordance of demographic processes. Using available single‐locus data, we can now perform large‐scale analyses, both in terms of number of species and geographic scope. Here, we first compared the power of four alternative hABC models for a collection of single‐locus data. We found that the model incorporating an a priori hypothesis about the timing of simultaneous demographic change had the best performance. Second, we applied the hABC models to a data set of seven squamate and four amphibian species occurring in the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (Caatinga) in northeastern Brazil, which, according to paleoclimatic evidence, experienced an increase in aridity during the Pleistocene. If this increase was important for the diversification of associated xeric‐adapted species, simultaneous population expansions should be evident at the community level. We found a strong signal of synchronous population expansion in the Late Pleistocene, supporting the increase of the Caatinga during this time. This expansion likely enhanced the formation of communities adapted to high aridity and seasonality and caused regional extirpation of taxa adapted to wet forest.
Population demography and heterozygosity–fitness correlations in natural guppy populations: An examination using sexually selected fitness traits
Authors: Grueber Catherine E. , Fitzpatrick John L. , Devigili Alessandro , Gasparini Clelia , Ramnarine Indar W. , Evans Jonathan P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHeterozygosity–fitness correlations (HFCs) have been examined in a wide diversity of contexts, and the results are often used to infer the role of inbreeding in natural populations. Although population demography, reflected in population‐level genetic parameters such as allelic diversity or identity disequilibrium, is expected to play a role in the emergence and detectability of HFCs, direct comparisons of variation in HFCs across many populations of the same species, with different genetic histories, are rare. Here, we examined the relationship between individual microsatellite heterozygosity and a range of sexually selected traits in 660 male guppies from 22 natural populations in Trinidad. Similar to previous studies, observed HFCs were weak overall. However, variation in HFCs among populations was high for some traits (although these variances were not statistically different from zero). Population‐level genetic parameters, specifically genetic diversity levels (number of alleles, observed/expected heterozygosity) and measures of identity disequilibrium (g2 and heterozygosity–heterozygosity correlations), were not associated with variation in population‐level HFCs. This latter result indicates that these metrics do not necessarily provide a reliable predictor of HFC effect sizes across populations. Importantly, diversity and identity disequilibrium statistics were not correlated, providing empirical evidence that these metrics capture different essential characteristics of populations. A complex genetic architecture likely underpins multiple fitness traits, including those associated with male fitness, which may have reduced our ability to detect HFCs in guppy populations. Further advances in this field would benefit from additional research to determine the demographic contexts in which HFCs are most likely to occur.
High occurrence of jellyfish predation by black‐browed and Campbell albatross identified by DNA metabarcoding
Authors: McInnes Julie C. , Alderman Rachael , Lea Mary‐Anne , Raymond Ben , Deagle Bruce E. , Phillips Richard A. , Stanworth Andrew , Thompson David R. , Catry Paulo , Weimerskirch Henri , Suazo Cristián G. , Gras Michaël , Jarman Simon N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGelatinous zooplankton are a large component of the animal biomass in all marine environments, but are considered to be uncommon in the diet of most marine top predators. However, the diets of key predator groups like seabirds have conventionally been assessed from stomach content analyses, which cannot detect most gelatinous prey. As marine top predators are used to identify changes in the overall species composition of marine ecosystems, such biases in dietary assessment may impact our detection of important ecosystem regime shifts. We investigated albatross diet using DNA metabarcoding of scats to assess the prevalence of gelatinous zooplankton consumption by two albatross species, one of which is used as an indicator species for ecosystem monitoring. Black‐browed and Campbell albatross scats were collected from eight breeding colonies covering the circumpolar range of these birds over two consecutive breeding seasons. Fish was the main dietary item at most sites; however, cnidarian DNA, primarily from scyphozoan jellyfish, was present in 42% of samples overall and up to 80% of samples at some sites. Jellyfish was detected during all breeding stages and consumed by adults and chicks. Trawl fishery catches of jellyfish near the Falkland Islands indicate a similar frequency of jellyfish occurrence in albatross diets in years of high and low jellyfish availability, suggesting jellyfish consumption may be selective rather than opportunistic. Warmer oceans and overfishing of finfish are predicted to favour jellyfish population increases, and we demonstrate here that dietary DNA metabarcoding enables measurements of the contribution of gelatinous zooplankton to the diet of marine predators.
Effects of Median Nerve Neural Mobilization in Treating Cervicobrachial Pain: A Randomized Waiting List–Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Rodríguez‐Sanz David , López‐López Daniel , Unda‐Solano Francisco , Romero‐Morales Carlos , Sanz‐Corbalán Irene , Beltran‐Alacreu Hector , Calvo‐Lobo César 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is a current lack of sufficiently high‐quality randomized controlled clinical trials that measure the effectiveness of neural tissue mobilization techniques such as median nerve neural mobilization (MNNM) and their specific effects on cervicobrachial pain (CP). The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of MNNM in subjects with CP vs. a waiting list control group (WLCG).MethodsA single‐blinded, parallel, randomized controlled clinical trial was performed (NCT02596815). Subjects were recruited with a medical diagnosis of CP corroborated by magnetic resonance imaging. In total, 156 individuals were screened, 60 subjects were recruited, and 51 completed the trial. Pain intensity reported using the Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRSP; primary outcome), cervical range of motion (CROM), and functionality using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) scale were the outcome measurements. Assessments were conducted at baseline and 1 hour after treatment (intervention days 1, 15, and 30). Therefore, MNNM was implemented with 30 days of follow‐up.ResultsThe NRSP values of the MNNM group were significantly (P < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval [CI]) superior to those obtained in the WLCG. Subjects treated with MNNM reported an NRSP decrease of 3.08 points at discharge. CROM and QuickDASH outcome values were significantly (P ˂ 0.0001; 95% CI) improved only in the MNNM group. Hedges′ g showed a very large effect of the MNNM intervention.ConclusionMNNM may be superior to no treatment in reducing pain and increasing function in the affected upper limbs of subjects with CP.
Components of mesophyll resistance and their environmental responses: A theoretical modelling analysis
Authors: Xiao Yi , Zhu Xin‐Guang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMesophyll resistance (rm), stomatal resistance, and biochemical limitations are recognized as three critical factors limiting leaf photosynthesis. Contrary to the expectation of being a constant, rm not only varies with light and CO2 conditions but also shows different responses among species. To elucidate the mechanistic basis of these responses, we derived an analytical model of rm, which incorporates various anatomical and biochemical factors including permeabilities of cell wall and chloroplast envelope to CO2 and HCO3−, carbonic anhydrase activities in cytosol and stroma, Rubisco activities, and relative location of mitochondria and chloroplast. The robustness of this model was confirmed by comparing the predicted rm and its components to numerical models developed at cell and leaf levels, which incorporate detailed 3‐dimensional cell and leaf anatomies, CO2 hydration and diffusion processes from intercellular air space to stroma, and CO2 fixation by Rubisco. A combination of these model analyses shows that the varying rm is influenced by four biochemical factors: (a) nonuniform photosynthesis status across the leaf, (b) photorespiration and respiration, (c) bicarbonate leakage on the chloroplast envelope, and (d) hydration activity in cytosol and stroma. This study provides a theoretical framework to study components of rm and their responses to environmental perturbations.
Niche differences may explain the geographic distribution of cytotypes inErysimum mediohispanicum
Authors: Muñoz‐Pajares A. J. , Perfectti F. , Loureiro J. , Abdelaziz M. , Biella P. , Castro M. , Castro S. , Gómez J. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPolyploidisation has played an important role in plant diversification, and variation in ploidy level may be found not only between species of the same genus, but also within a single species. Although establishing the adaptive significance of polyploidy to explain the geographic distribution of cytotypes is challenging, the occurrence of different cytotypes in different ecological niches may suggest an adaptive role of genome duplication.We studied the adaptive significance of the geographic distribution of cytotypes across the entire distribution range of the endemicErysimum mediohispanicum(Brassicaceae). For that, we have used climate variables, population elevation and soil properties to model ecological niches for the different cytotypes. In addition, we analysed the effect that ploidy level has on the floral phenotype.We found a clear geographic pattern in the distribution of cytotypes, with diploid individuals occurring in the southernmost part of the distribution range, while tetraploids were found in the northern area. A contact (mosaic) zone between both cytotypes was identified, but diploids and tetraploids occur in sympatry in only one population (although in a highly unbalanced proportion). Gene flow between different cytotypes seems to be negligible, as evident from an almost complete absence of triploids and other minority cytotypes. Niches occupied by both cytotypes showed subtle, but significant differences, even in the contact zone. Precipitation was higher in regions occupied by tetraploid individuals, which present wider corolla tubes and thinner but taller stalks than diploids.Our findings highlight the potential role of polyploidy in the ecological adaptation ofE. mediohispanicumto both abiotic factors and biotic interactions.
Effect of exogenous progesterone administration on luteal sensitivity to PGF during the early development of the corpus luteum in mares and cows
Authors: Garcia‐Muñoz A , Valldecabres‐Torres X , Newcombe JR , Cuervo‐Arango J , Garcia‐Rosello E 
Published: July 2017

ContentsThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous progesterone administration at ovulation and during the early development of the CL, on its future sensitivity to a single administration of PGF2a in mares and cows. Horse Retrospective reproductive data from an equine clinic in the UK during three breeding seasons were used. Mares were divided into: control group, cycles with single ovulations; double ovulation group cycles with asynchronous double ovulations; and PRID group: cycles with single ovulations and treatment with intravaginal progesterone device (CIDR) immediately after the ovulation. All mares were treated with d‐cloprostenol (PGF) at either: (i) 88 hr; (ii) 96 hr; (iii) 104 hr; or (iv) 112 hr after the last ovulation. Cattle A total of nine non‐lactating Holstein cows were used. All cows were administered PGF14 d apart and allocated to one of two groups control group GnRH was administered 56 hr after the second PGF administration. CIDR group CIDR was inserted at the same time of GnRH administration. All cows were administered PGF at 120 hr post‐ovulation. The complete luteolysis rate of mares with double ovulation (66.7%) and those treated with exogenous progesterone (68.4%) was significantly higher than the rate of mares with single ovulation (35.6%) at 104 hr. In the cow, however, the treatment with CIDR did not increase the luteolytic response in cows treated at 120 hr post‐ovulation. In conclusion, the degree of complete luteolysis can be influenced by increasing the concentration of progesterone during the early luteal development in mares.
Aspergillus calidoustus case series and review of the literature
Authors: Seroy Justin , Antiporta Philip , Grim Shellee A. , Proia Laurie A. , Singh Kamaljit , Clark Nina M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAspergillus calidoustus, previously classified as Aspergillus ustus, is an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised persons. We describe four recent cases of A. calidoustus and review 37 additional cases of A. calidoustus (n = 8) or A. ustus (n = 29) published through June 2016. Twenty (49%) cases occurred in patients with hematologic malignancy and/or receipt of hematopoietic cell transplantation, and 13 (32%) occurred in solid organ transplant recipients. Antifungal susceptibility was reported in 49% of cases and in 42% treatment failed. Overall mortality was 66% and, where reported, attributable mortality was 30%. A. calidoustus infection is associated with a high mortality rate and frequently displays in vitro antifungal resistance.
Dynamics of lipids and metabolites during the cell cycle of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Jüppner Jessica , Mubeen Umarah , Leisse Andrea , Caldana Camila , Brust Henrike , Steup Martin , Herrmann Marion , Steinhauser Dirk , Giavalisco Patrick 
Published: July 2017

SummaryMetabolites and lipids are the final products of enzymatic processes, distinguishing the different cellular functions and activities of single cells or whole tissues. Understanding these cellular functions within a well‐established model system requires a systemic collection of molecular and physiological information. In the current report, the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was selected to establish a comprehensive workflow for the detailed multi‐omics analysis of a synchronously growing cell culture system. After implementation and benchmarking of the synchronous cell culture, a two‐phase extraction method was adopted for the analysis of proteins, lipids, metabolites and starch from a single sample aliquot of as little as 10–15 million Chlamydomonas cells. In a proof of concept study, primary metabolites and lipids were sampled throughout the diurnal cell cycle. The results of these time‐resolved measurements showed that single compounds were not only coordinated with each other in different pathways, but that these complex metabolic signatures have the potential to be used as biomarkers of various cellular processes. Taken together, the developed workflow, including the synchronized growth of the photoautotrophic cell culture, in combination with comprehensive extraction methods and detailed metabolic phenotyping has the potential for use in in‐depth analysis of complex cellular processes, providing essential information for the understanding of complex biological systems.
Influence of cryoprecipitate, Factor XIII, and fibrinogen concentrate on hyperfibrinolysis
Authors: Cushing Melissa M. , Fitzgerald Meghann M. , Harris Rebecca M. , Asmis Lars M. , Haas Thorsten 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDHyperfibrinolysis is a potentially life‐threatening condition associated with poor clot integrity and excessive bleeding. Although antifibrinolytics are an effective treatment, more liberal use of these drugs may lead to a prothrombotic risk, and an earlier and potentially safer treatment option would be desirable. Hyperfibrinolysis has been shown to be attenuated by in vitro supplementation of purified human Factor (F)XIII concentrate. Cryoprecipitate represents an alternative source of FXIII and the only approved source of concentrated FXIII in some countries. The aim of this study was to investigate whether cryoprecipitate, FXIII, and fibrinogen concentrate mitigate hyperfibrinolysis.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTen citrate blood specimens from healthy subjects were spiked with tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) and subsequently supplemented with cryoprecipitate, FXIII, fibrinogen concentrate, and ɛ‐aminocaproic acid (EACA). Thromboelastometry tests were performed at baseline, after t‐PA, and after supplementation. Hyperfibrinolysis was assessed using the clot lysis index at 60 minutes (LI60; reciprocal of maximum lysis).RESULTSThe LI60 was significantly improved (fibrinolysis attenuated) after cryoprecipitate supplementation compared to t‐PA alone and compared to FXIII and fibrinogen concentrate. Hyperfibrinolysis was only fully reversed using EACA. In addition, cryoprecipitate demonstrated the least variability in the attenuation of hyperfibrinolysis among 10 healthy subjects, compared to FXIII and fibrinogen concentrate.CONCLUSIONThis is the first study to show that cryoprecipitate is able to significantly mitigate hyperfibrinolysis in an in vitro model. Further investigations are warranted to determine whether cryoprecipitate may have a previously unrecognized benefit and should be administered earlier in resuscitation protocols.
Post‐translational palmitoylation controls the voltage gating and lipid raft association of the CALHM1 channel
Authors: Taruno Akiyuki , Sun Hongxin , Nakajo Koichi , Murakami Tatsuro , Ohsaki Yasuyoshi , Kido Mizuho A. , Ono Fumihito , Marunaka Yoshinori 
Published: July 2017

Key points
Calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1), a new voltage‐gated ATP‐ and Ca2+‐permeable channel, plays important physiological roles in taste perception and memory formation.
Regulatory mechanisms of CALHM1 remain unexplored, although the biophysical disparity between CALHM1 gating in vivo and in vitro suggests that there are undiscovered regulatory mechanisms.
Here we report that CALHM1 gating and association with lipid microdomains are post‐translationally regulated through the process of protein S‐palmitoylation, a reversible attachment of palmitate to cysteine residues.
Our data also establish cysteine residues and enzymes responsible for CALHM1 palmitoylation.
CALHM1 regulation by palmitoylation provides new mechanistic insights into fine‐tuning of CALHM1 gating in vivo and suggests a potential layer of regulation in taste and memory.
AbstractEmerging roles of CALHM1, a recently discovered voltage‐gated ion channel, include purinergic neurotransmission of tastes in taste buds and memory formation in the brain, highlighting its physiological importance. However, the regulatory mechanisms of the CALHM1 channel remain entirely unexplored, hindering full understanding of its contribution in vivo. The different gating properties of CALHM1 in vivo and in vitro suggest undiscovered regulatory mechanisms. Here, in searching for post‐translational regulatory mechanisms, we discovered the regulation of CALHM1 gating and association with lipid microdomains via protein S‐palmitoylation, the only reversible lipid modification of proteins on cysteine residues. CALHM1 is palmitoylated at two intracellular cysteines located in the juxtamembrane regions of the third and fourth transmembrane domains. Enzymes that catalyse CALHM1 palmitoylation were identified by screening 23 members of the DHHC protein acyltransferase family. Epitope tagging of endogenous CALHM1 proteins in mice revealed that CALHM1 is basally palmitoylated in taste buds in vivo. Functionally, palmitoylation downregulates CALHM1 without effects on its synthesis, degradation and cell surface expression. Mutation of the palmitoylation sites has a profound impact on CALHM1 gating, shifting the conductance–voltage relationship to more negative voltages and accelerating the activation kinetics. The same mutation also reduces CALHM1 association with detergent‐resistant membranes. Our results comprehensively uncover a post‐translational regulation of the voltage‐dependent gating of CALHM1 by palmitoylation.