bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vorwissen und Lernvoraussetzungen von Seiteneinsteiger:innen und Lehramtsstudierenden. Befunde aus der berufsbegleitenden Qualifizierung von Lehrkräften in Sachsen
Authors: Verheggen Anna Noémie , Puderbach Rolf 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland wird verbreitet auf Seiteneinsteiger:innen zurückgegriffen, um den Lehrkräftebedarf zu decken. Die Ausgestaltung solcher alternativen Berufszugänge erfolgt bundesweit nicht einheitlich. Gemein haben die Seiteneinstiegsprogramme jedoch, dass sie Personen ansprechen, die sich in ihrer bildungs- und berufsbiographischen Lage deutlich von den Adressat:innen der grundständigen Lehrkräftebildung unterscheiden. In Sachsen beginnt die berufsbegleitende Qualifizierung der Seiteneinsteiger:innen in der Regel erst nach bis zu zwei Jahren im Schuldienst und führt über eine Abfolge mehrerer Qualifizierungsschritte bis zur Gleichstellung mit grundständig qualifizierten Lehrkräften. Die Äquivalenz des erreichten Qualifikationsniveaus geht einher mit einer von der grundständigen Lehrkräftebildung stark abweichenden Schrittfolge im Professionalisierungsprozess. Der vorliegende Beitrag schildert, inwiefern sich Seiteneinsteiger:innen in Sachsen zu Beginn einer berufsbegleitenden universitären Qualifizierung von Studienanfänger:innen im Lehramt in ihren persönlichen Dispositionen und Lernvoraussetzungen unterscheiden und stellt die Frage nach der Notwendigkeit zielgruppenspezifischer Qualifizierungsprogramme. Der Vergleich basiert auf standardisierten Befragungen von 272 Seiteneinsteiger:innen im Grundschullehramt aus den Qualifizierungskohorten 2017 bis 2022 sowie von 96 Studienanfänger:innen für das Lehramt an Grundschulen im Wintersemester 2013/14.
JAK Inhibitors for Myelofibrosis: Strengths and Limitations
Authors: Thaw K. , Harrison C. N. , Sriskandarajah P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The landscape of myelofibrosis (MF) has changed since the discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation and subsequent development of JAK inhibitors (JAKis). However, treatment with JAKis remain a challenge. In this review we critically analyze the strengths and limitations of currently available JAK inhibitors.

Recent Findings
In MF patients, JAK inhibitors have been associated with reduced symptom burden and spleen size, as well as improved survival. However, durability of response and development of treatment resistance remain an issue. Recently, there has been increased efforts to optimize treatment with the development of highly selective JAK inhibitors, as well as use of combination agents to counter disease resistance through targeting aberrant signaling pathways.

Summary
Treatment of MF patients with JAKi therapy can be challenging but the development of more potent and selective JAK inhibitors, as well as combination therapies, represent exciting treatment advances in this field.
Enhancing Fracturing Proppant Performance: Methods and Assessment
Authors: Ramazanov Vahid , Matovu Stewart , Al Shafloot Talal , Alarifi Sulaiman A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe use of fracturing proppants is a key element of hydraulic fracturing operations in the oil and gas industry. The selection of proppants with superior performance is critical to ensure efficient and effective hydraulic fracturing. Proppant technologies are developing rapidly. Therefore, standardization of proppant evaluation is necessary to ensure accurate proppant evaluation during proppant production. Although the API and ISO have released a number of recommended practices for this purpose, there are still significant gaps in them. This is because several hypotheses regarding proppant performance, including proppant embedment and diagenesis, and their influence on proppant conductivity, are still not fully clear. Numerous proppants have been produced within the petroleum industry, featuring diverse compositions, sizes, shapes, and intended uses. While many proppants consist of silica or ceramics, there is growing interest in advanced types such as ultra-lightweight proppants. These innovations aim to minimize settling and enable transport using low-viscosity fluids. Moreover, to reduce expenditures, it is common practice in hybrid completions to mix proppant of different sizes according to stimulation design objectives and assumptions. Proppant can be equally mixed, separated by tail-in, or mixed with dominating concentrations of a specific size, depending on the type of fluids, viscosity, and anticipated settlement velocity. Surface modification involves altering the surface properties of the proppant to improve its adhesion to the fracture face and to reduce embedment and fines generation. Surface modification techniques include silane treatment, plasma treatment, and chemical treatment. The method can maintain oil flow channels after the hydraulic fracturing operation for a very long time. Proppant flowback, fines generation, and gel degradation are the key factors that contribute to a proppant pack losing permeability. Proppant pack conductivity can be increased, and well cleanup can be hastened, with the aid of a surface modification. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of proppant and its types, proppant performance assessment, and methods to enhance proppant performance. We discuss various techniques to evaluate proppant performance, including crush resistance, conductivity, embedment, and closure stress. Additionally, we highlight the importance of selecting the most appropriate proppant type for a particular well based on the formation properties and proppant characteristics. Furthermore, we explore recent advancements in proppant enhancement methods, such as coating, sintering, altering proppant surface, and consolidation, and their effectiveness in improving proppant performance. The comprehensive review provides insight into current industry practices and highlights potential areas for future research to improve fracturing proppant performance.
Who and how to screen for endogenous hypercortisolism in adrenal and pituitary incidentaloma
Authors: Coscia Kimberly , Verrienti Martina , Di Dalmazi Guido , Zatelli Maria Chiara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) and pituitary incidentalomas (PIs) have become frequent findings in the last two decades due to the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging in clinical practice. This review investigates the prevalence of endogenous hypercortisolism in patients with AIs and PIs. We aim to underscore the importance of early detection and management of endogenous hypercortisolism in this subset of patients to mitigate associated cardiometabolic complications and reduce mortality.

Methods
We performed a PubMed literature search to provide updates regarding the prevalence of endogenous hypercortisolism in patients with AIs and PIs, the demographic and clinical characteristics of the studied populations, and the diagnostic test accuracy for early identification of endogenous hypercortisolism.

Results
Hypercortisolism, especially mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), was identified in a notable proportion of patients with AIs. MACS was associated with increased cardiometabolic risks, contributing to an elevated overall mortality rate in this cohort. Furthermore, PIs were found to be linked with Cushing’s disease in a subset of patients, emphasizing the need for thorough evaluation and monitoring.

Conclusion
Early diagnosis and appropriate management of endogenous hypercortisolism are essential in preventing complications and improving patient outcomes. As the presence of undetected hypercortisolism is associated with clinical complications over time, the accurate identification of high-risk populations to screen remains crucial.
The Value of a Peer Mentorship Programme for Postgraduate Students in New Zealand: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chen Joseph C. C. , Plank Julia R. , Tsai Angela , Lyndon Mataroria , Henning Marcus A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPostgraduate students face significant challenges such as feelings of isolation, lack of guidance, and negotiating multiple identities. Navigating these challenges can adversely impact wellbeing, self-efficacy, and achievement. To combat these issues, a peer mentorship ‘buddy’ programme was piloted. This buddy programme formed buddy groups, consisting of one doctoral student (as the buddy group leader) with three to four pre-doctoral postgraduate students (as the buddies), which met fortnightly during the semester. Ten participants engaged in semi-structured interviews, and the transcripts were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Identified benefits to participants of the buddy programme included improved social resources, expanded skillsets, improved confidence, increased enjoyment and motivation, career advancement, improved ability to navigate postgraduate applications, improved sense of belonging, improved coping through COVID-19 lockdowns, and increased collegiality. More specifically, benefits of the buddy programme, as voiced by the participants, included gains in wellbeing, academic attainment, and resilience. Given the estimated cost of NZD$400 per buddy group, as well as the openly provided resources developed from this study, tertiary institutions may consider implementing similar low-cost programmes to support their postgraduate student populations.
Depopulation in the Central Apennines in the Twentieth Century: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Lucchetti Riccardo , Morettini Gabriele 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe propose an empirical investigation of the population dynamics between 1931 and 2011 in a mountain area in Italy. The main novelty of our work is the usage of sub-municipal data, which makes it possible to disentangle several drivers of the overall depopulation trend. All these factors had been considered previously by separate strands of literature, but never jointly, as we do. One of our most interesting results is that different factors operate in different historical periods. Therefore, we use a flexible strategy by which we divide the sample in four different 20-year spans and adopt a different statistical model for each. Another notable result is that an appropriate quantitative description of the phenomenon must take into account the disappearance of inhabited centres separately from their size in terms on inhabitants. Consequently, the concept of local community is crucial for a systematic understanding of population change and “place-sensitive” policies in remote mountain areas.
The role of migration-innovation nexus for population aging
Authors: Aldieri L. , Nese A. , Vinci C. P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImmigration can potentially address demographic challenges in developed countries by introducing young workers into the labor markets but, at the same time, it can increase competition for jobs with socio-economic effects that need to be carefully managed. Prior research has focused on the impact of immigration on local labor markets taking into account the skills of native-born inhabitants and immigrants. In contrast, analyses of age-specific effects are scarce despite the fact that immigration is likely to affect workers in different age-cohorts to different extents, with various policy implications. In addition, firms’ innovative capacity may contribute to shaping the effects of immigration. This work contributes to the existing literature by examining the relationships between immigration, labor market dynamics, and innovation in Western Europe between 2011 and 2019. The analysis uses microdata drawn from the Labour Force Surveys, from the OECD REGPAT database, and from the European Social Survey. The results show that immigrants are more likely to substitute younger native workers, while adult workers benefit from immigrants employed in complementary tasks. This substitution/complementarity nexus increases in the more innovative sectors. From a policy standpoint, these findings highlight the need for age-specific policies and training programs in order to mitigate the adverse effects of immigration and to maximize growth-promotion.
A Tale of Two Divestments: South Africa, Sudan, and Howard University
Authors: Tounsel Christopher 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe anti-apartheid movement and Save Darfur campaign were important moments of African American activism towards Africa. Howard University played a central role by divesting from both South Africa and Sudan. This article examines each divestment within Howard University’s history of engagement with Africa. While each divestment was linked by a concern to support oppressed African peoples, the roles of race and racism operated differently in each action. Such an analytic provides space to reconsider the role of US higher education in African-facing human rights activism during the age of Black Lives Matter.
Bacteria–fungi interaction for material formation
Authors: Kieffer Lynn H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper describes an early-stage research and experiments exploring methods of co-cultivation of the fungal strain Ganoderma lucidum and the bacterial strain Sporosarcina pasteurii within the field of architecture. Co-cultivating these species within a bio-based compound, forming a living material, shows that the binding abilities of both microbial partners can be harnessed through multistep production techniques. As the mycelial network of the fungus spreads through the inoculated wood substrate, bacterial cells disperse and multiply on this same network and release the enzyme urease throughout the now-forming compound bound by the fungus. The enzyme is one of the key actors in the biocementation process, which is activated with the addition of a calcium source to the material. Calcium carbonate minerals form and attach on the hyphae, as well as in between the network, inside the wood sawdust pieces and around void spaces within the composite. While additional data collection is required, the current state of this research suggests that properties of both living materials can be expanded, for example, fire resistance and compressive strength compared to traditional mycelium-based composites, as well as the increased ability of the bacteria to homogeneously distribute and exist in unfavorable environments compared to mono-cultured bacterial communities.
Kinetics of Mg-Ni saponite crystallization from precursor mixtures
Authors: Zhang Chaoqun , Decarreau Alain , Blanc Philippe , Baron Fabien , Yuan Yuhuan , Tao Qi , Gregoire Brian , Zhu Jianxi , He Hongping , Petit Sabine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Smectite growth is of importance across various fields due to its abundance on the surface of both Earth and Mars. However, the impact of the crystallinity of initial materials on smectite growth processes remains poorly understood. In this study, the kinetic processes of smectite growth were examined via experimental synthesis of trioctahedral Mg-Ni saponites. Mg-Ni saponites were synthesized using mixed precursors, specifically end-member Mg-saponite and Ni-saponite, which exhibit different crystallinities. The crystal chemistry and morphology of samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results converge towards these main conclusions: (i) the formation of Mg-Ni saponite solid solutions are promoted when the precursors are small particles, whereas large-particle precursors limit their own dissolution and do not yield Mg-Ni saponite solid solutions under the experimental conditions; (ii) because Ni exhibits a greater stability within the saponite structure compared to Mg, the Mg-Ni-saponite solid solutions formed more easily from the mixture of Ni-saponite germs and well-crystallized Mg-saponite precursors than from the mixture of Mg-saponite germs and well-crystallized Ni-saponite precursors; (iii) the dissolution extent (DE) of precursor mixtures increases with longer synthesis time, higher synthesis temperature, and larger gap between synthesis temperature of precursors and of samples, and stabilizes once it reaches a certain value. Thus DE can be used to estimate the kinetics of Mg-Ni saponite crystallization from precursor mixtures. These results obtained from the experimental Mg-Ni saponite system are useful for predicting the evolution processes of smectite in natural systems.
Implementation of MyChart for recruitment at an academic medical center
Authors: Dykes Carrie , Gardner Cody , Chang Jack , Pinto David , Wilson Karen , Zand Martin S. , Dozier Ann 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Recruitment of participants into research studies remains a major concern for investigators. Using clinical teams to identify potentially eligible patients can present a significant barrier. To overcome this, we implemented a process for using our patient portal, called MyChart, as a new institutional recruitment option utilizing our electronic health record’s existing functionality.

Methods:
To streamline the institutional approval process, we established a working group comprised of representatives from human subject protection, information technology, and privacy and vetted our process with many stakeholder groups. Our specific process for study approval is described and started with a consultation with our recruitment and retention function funded through our Clinical and Translational Science Award.

Results:
The time from consultation to the first message(s) sent ranged from 84 to 442 days and declined slightly over time. The overall patient response rate to MyChart messages about available research studies was 23% with one third of those saying they were interested in learning more. The response rate for Black and Hispanic patients was about 50% that of White patients.

Conclusions:
Many different types of studies from any medical specialty successfully identified interested patients using this option. Study teams needed support in defining appropriate inclusion/exclusion criteria to identify the relevant population in the electronic health records and they needed assistance writing study descriptions in plain language. Using MyChart for recruitment addressed a critical barrier and opened up the opportunity to provide a full recruitment consultation to identify additional recruitment channels the study teams would not have considered otherwise.
Elasto-inertial focusing and rotating characteristics of ellipsoidal particles in a square channel flow of Oldroyd-B viscoelastic fluids
Authors: Hu Xiao , Lin Jianzhong , Zhu Zuchao , Yu Zhaosheng , Lin Zhaowu , Li Xiaojun 
Published: October 2024

The elasto-inertial focusing and rotating characteristics of spheroids in a square channel flow of Oldroyd-B viscoelastic fluids are studied by the direct forcing/fictitious domain method. The rotational behaviours, changes in the equilibrium positions and travel distances are explored to analyse the mechanisms of spheroid migration in viscoelastic fluids. Within the present simulated parameters (1 ≤ Re ≤ 100, 0 ≤ Wi ≤ 2, 0.4 ≤ α ≤3), the results show that there are four kinds of equilibrium positions and six (five) kinds of rotational behaviours for the elasto-inertial migration of prolate (oblate) spheroids. We are the first to identify a new rotational mode for the migration of prolate spheroids. Only when the particles are initially located at a corner and wall bisector, some special initial orientations of the spheroids have an impact on the final equilibrium position and rotational mode. In other general initial positions, the initial orientation of the spheroid has a negligible effect. A higher Weissenberg number means the faster the particles migrate to the equilibrium position. The spheroid gradually changes from the corner (CO), channel centreline (CC), diagonal line (DL) and cross-section midline (CSM) equilibrium positions as the elastic number decreases, depending on the aspect ratio, initial orientation and rotational behaviour of the particles and the elastic number of the fluid. When the elastic number is less than the critical value, the types of rotational modes of the spheroids are reduced. By controlling the elastic number near the critical value, spheroids with different aspect ratios can be efficiently separated.
International trends in male youth suicide and suicidal behaviour
Authors: Rice Timothy , Livshin Anton , Rihmer Zoltan , Walther Andreas , Bhuiyan Mohammed , Boude Adriana Bruges , Chen Ying-Yeh , Gonda Xenia , Grossberg Aliza , Hassan Yonis , Lafont Ezequiel , Serafini Gianluca , Vickneswaramoorthy Arthi , Shah Salonee , Sher Leo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective:Suicide and suicidal behaviour strongly contribute to overall male youth mortality. An understanding of worldwide data contextualises suicide and suicidal behaviour in young men within any given country.Method:Members and colleagues of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry’s Task Force on Men’s Mental Health review the relevant data from several regions of the world. The review identifies notable findings across regions of relevance to researchers, policymakers, and clinicians.Results:Male suicide and suicidal behaviour in adolescence and emerging adulthood within North America, Latin America and the Caribbean, Europe, the Mediterranean and the Middle East, Continental Africa, South Asia, East Asia, China, and Oceania share similarities as well as significant points of divergence.Conclusions:International data provide an opportunity to obtain a superior understanding of suicide and suicidal behaviour amongst young men.
Ethno-Imagined Communities: Rethinking Benedict Anderson and Anthony Smith’s Theories of Nations through Bernard Stiegler’s Theory of Epiphylogenesis
Authors: Shamis Asaf J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article explores Bernard Stiegler’s concept of Epiphylogenesis as an alternative framework for understanding modern nations while aspiring to resolve major gaps in the classic theories of Benedict Anderson and Anthony Smith. Epiphylogenesis offers a fresh perspective and broader scope for the study of nations, with a view to critically enlarging the dynamic interaction between modern mass media and cultural traditions, particularly as conceptualized by Anderson and Smith. Stiegler classifies modern nations as chapters in the broader narrative of technical evolution. In epiphylogenesis, cultural traditions and technical artefacts function as a working partnership; modern nations are seen as the outcome of this co-constitutive process, wherein mass media technical systems (that is, print capitalism) exteriorize cultural traditions (ethnié), dressing them up in distinctive, open, pervasive, and standardized forms. This discussion concludes by exploring the relevance of epiphylogenesis for assessing the impact of networked communications on contemporary national identities.