bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of bio‐based residue amendments on greenhouse gas emission from agricultural soil are stronger than effects of soil type with different microbial community composition
Authors: Ho Adrian , Ijaz Umer Z. , Janssens Thierry K. S. , Ruijs Rienke , Kim Sang Yoon , de Boer Wietse , Termorshuizen Aad , van der Putten Wim H. , Bodelier Paul L. E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWith the projected rise in the global human population, agriculture intensification and land‐use conversion to arable fields is anticipated to meet the food and bio‐energy demand to sustain a growing population. Moving towards a circular economy, agricultural intensification results in the increased re‐investment of bio‐based residues in agricultural soils, with consequences for microbially mediated greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, as well as other aspects of soil functioning. To date, systematic studies to address the impact of bio‐based residue amendment on the GHG balance, including the soil microorganisms, and nutrient transformation in agricultural soils are scarce. Here, we assess the global warming potential (GWP) of in situ GHG (i.e., CO2, CH4, and N2O) fluxes after application of six bio‐based residues with broad C : N ratios (5–521) in two agricultural soils (sandy loam and clay; representative of vast production areas in north‐western Europe). We relate the GHG emission to the decomposability of the residues in a litter bag assay and determined the effects of residue input on crop (common wheat) growth after incubation. The shift in the bacterial community composition and abundance was monitored using IonTorrentTM sequencing and qPCR, respectively, by targeting the 16S rRNA gene. The decomposability of the residues, independent of C : N ratio, was proportional to the GWP derived from the GHG emitted. The soils harbored distinct bacterial communities, but responded similarly to the residue amendments, because both soils exhibited the highest mean GWP after addition of the same residues (sewage sludge, aquatic plant material, and compressed beet leaves). Our results question the extent of using the C : N ratio alone to predict residue‐induced response in GHG emission. Taken together, we show that although soil properties strongly affect the bacterial community composition, microbially mediated GHG emission is residue dependent.
Antithrombotic therapy in end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Chunduri Svetha , Folstad Jon E. , Vachharajani Tushar J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe delicate balance of risk vs. benefit of using antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents in the general population is well established. The decision to use these agents in the end stage renal disease (ESRD) population remains complex and difficult. The concomitant association of a prothombotic state with high risk of bleeding in the ESRD population requires individualization and careful clinical judgment before implementing such therapy. There remains a paucity of clinical trials and lack of substantial evidence in literature for safe and effective use of antithrombotic drugs in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. The current review summarizes the pros and cons of using antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, evaluate the risks with routine use of anticoagulation for cerebrovascular stroke prevention with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and role of newer oral anticoagulants as alternate agents in the dialysis population.
Assessing the need for a pre‐exposure prophylaxis programme using the social media app Grindr®
Authors: Hampel B , Kusejko K , Braun DL , Harrison‐Quintana J , Kouyos R , Fehr J 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesHIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is not approved in Switzerland and therefore must be paid for by the users themselves. We conducted a survey to find out whether men who have sex with men (MSM) in Switzerland are already taking PrEP, or are considering using it, and whether it is being taken under medical supervision or not.MethodsGrindr® is a geosocial networking app for MSM. Between 5 and 24 January 2017, users of the app who were located in Switzerland by a global positioning system (GPS) were asked to participate in a ten‐question survey on PrEP use.ResultsOf the 2455 people who took part in the survey, 1893 were included in the analysis. Eighty‐two participants (4.3%) reported that they were currently taking PrEP, 64 of whom (78%) said that they were under medical supervision. Seven PrEP users (9%) declared that they had not taken an HIV test within the previous 12 months. Nine hundred and forty‐four (49.9%) were considering taking PrEP in the next 6 months, and 1474 (77.9%) were considering taking it at some point in the future.ConclusionsIn an online survey carried out among sexually active MSM in Switzerland, only a minority of the individuals approached responded that they were currently using PrEP. However, the majority of participants were considering taking PrEP in the future. We identified a substantial proportion of PrEP users taking PrEP outside a medical setting. Hence, a national programme facilitating access to medical care and providing PrEP is urgently needed.
Mesozoic radiolarian faunas from the northwest Ilocos Region, Luzon, Philippines and their tectonic significance
Authors: Queaño Karlo L. , Marquez Edanjarlo J. , Dimalanta Carla B. , Aitchison Jonathan C. , Ali Jason R. , Yumul Graciano P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNorthwestern Ilocos Norte in Luzon, Philippines, exposes cherts, peridotite and a variety of metamorphic rocks including chlorite schist, quartzo‐feldspathic schist, muscovite schist and actinolite schist. These rocks are incorporated within a tectonic mélange, the Dos Hermanos Mélange, which is thrust onto the turbidite succession of the Eocene Bangui Formation and capped by the Upper Miocene Pasuquin Limestone. The radiolarian assemblages constrain the stratigraphic range of the cherts to the uppermost Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous. Stratigraphically important species include Eucyrtidiellum pyramis (Aita), Hiscocapsa acuta (Hull), Protunuma japonicus (Matsuoka & Yao), Archeodictyomitra montisserei (Squinabol), Hiscocapsa asseni (Tan), Cryptamphorella conara (Foreman) and Pseudodictyomitra carpatica (Lozyniak). The radiolarian biostratigraphic data provide evidence for the existence of a Mesozoic basinal source from which the cherts and associated rocks were derived. Crucial to determining the origin of these rocks is their distribution and resemblance with known mélange outcrops in Central Philippines. The mélange in the northwestern Ilocos region bears similarities in terms of age and composition with those noted in the western part of the Central Philippines, particularly in the islands of Romblon, Mindoro and Panay. The existence of tectonic mélanges in the Central Philippines has been attributed to the Early to Middle Miocene arc–continent collision. This event involved the Philippine Mobile Belt and the Palawan Microcontinental Block, a terrane that drifted from the southeastern margin of mainland Asia following the opening of the South China Sea. Such arc–continent collision event could also well explain the existence of a tectonic mélange in northwestern Luzon.
Mucosal melanoma: clinical, histological and c‐kit gene mutational profile of 86 French cases
Authors: Cinotti E. , Chevallier J. , Labeille B. , Cambazard F. , Thomas L. , Balme B. , Leccia M.T. , D'Incan M. , Vercherin P. , Douchet C. , Rubegni P. , Perrot J.L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundMucosal melanomas are rare and highly aggressive tumours. Few studies evaluated mucosal melanomas of locations other than the head and neck region, and other than those of the Asian population.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to analyse the clinical and histological features, as well as the mutational status of c‐kit and b‐raf gene of mucosal melanoma in any localization in a French series.MethodsWe investigated clinical (sex, age, performance status, survival, treatment of the patients and lack of pigmentation of the tumours) and histopathological features (ulceration, Breslow's index, mitotic rate), as well as the mutational status of c‐kit and b‐raf of 86 mucosal melanomas diagnosed in 15 years in four French University Hospitals.ResultsMost melanomas affected women (72%) and the genital region (46.5%). A fifth of melanomas were amelanotic. 81% of melanomas had a Breslow's index ≥1, whereas all glans melanomas, and most vulvar melanomas had a Breslow index ≤1 mm. Overall survival was 54% at 3 years; 11.6% of the 43 tested mucosal melanomas were c‐kit‐mutated while the 15 tested genital melanomas were not. The c‐kit gene mutation did not influence the overall survival. Age ≥ 50, amelanotic type and performance status ≥1 were not poor prognostic factors in our series.ConclusionThis study confirmed that mucosal melanomas are rare and could be difficult to diagnose being often amelanotic and in hidden sites. Most melanomas were thick at the diagnosis, but glans and vulvar melanomas were thinner probably because of their greater visibility. The frequency of the c‐kit mutation varied depending on the initial tumour site. In our series, the prognosis was poor, independently from c‐kit mutations and the patient's general health and age. The presence of metastasis at diagnosis was associated with a worse prognosis indicating the importance of an early diagnosis.
Effect of RRR‐α‐tocopherol supplementation on serum of breastfeeding women up to 60 days after delivery: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lira L. Q. , Gurgel C. S. S. , de Sousa A. L. , da Silva A. G. A. , Padovam J. C. , Moia M. N. , Silva R. L. M. , Dimenstein R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundMaternal supplementation is a viable strategy to combat vitamin E deficiency in newborns, although a protocol for maternal vitamin E supplementation has not been defined. The present study assessed the effect of maternal supplementation in a single dose on the serum of postpartum women up to 60 days after delivery.MethodologyFifty healthy breastfeeding women were recruited at two maternity hospitals both located in Natal, RN, Brazil. The participants were randomly allocated to a control group and a treatment group in a 1 : 1 ratio. Serum was collected 1, 20, 30 and 60 days after delivery. Immediately after the first collection, the treatment group received a single dose of 400 IU of RRR‐α‐tocopherol. α‐Tocopherol was quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The usual dietary vitamin E intake was determined using four 24‐h recalls, and intake adequacy was assessed based on the estimated average requirements for lactating women (16 mg day−1).ResultsThe mean dietary vitamin E intakes of the both groups were similar (P > 0.05) and inadequate. The serum levels of α‐tocopherol assessed at 1, 20, 30 and 60 days indicated adequate vitamin E status in both the control group (1194.6, 907.7, 910 and 748.6 μg dL−1, respectively) and treatment group (1183.7, 956.0, 935.9 and 766.4 μg dL−1, respectively). The comparison at each day showed no difference between treatments (P > 0.05).ConclusionsA single vitamin E supplement did not change the mean serum level of α‐tocopherol in breastfeeding women; thus, it does not improve their vitamin E status in the first 60 days after delivery.
Effect of aqueous extract and anthocyanins of calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceae) in rats with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ali Badreldin H , Cahliková Lucie , Opletal Lubomir , Karaca Turan , Manoj Priyadarsini , Ramkumar Aishwarya , Al Suleimani Yousuf M , Al Za'abi Mohammed , Nemmar Abderrahim , Chocholousova-Havlikova Lucie , Locarek Miroslav , Siatka Tomas , Blunden Gerald 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this work was to assess the possible beneficial effects of aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces and anthocyanins isolated therefrom in an adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) model.

Methods
Rats were orally given, for 28 consecutive days, either adenine alone or together with either aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyces (5 and 10%) or anthocyanins (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of anthocyanin concentrate). For comparative purposes, two groups of rats were given lisinopril (10 mg/kg).

Key findings
When either H. sabdariffa aqueous extract or the anthocyanins isolated from it was administered along with adenine, the adverse effects of adenine-induced CKD were significantly lessened, mostly in a dose-dependent manner. The positive effects were similar to those obtained by administration of lisinopril.

Conclusions
The results obtained show that both H. sabdariffa and its anthocyanins could be considered as possible promising safe dietary agents that could be used to attenuate the progression of human CKD. This could have added significance as H. sabdariffa tea is widely consumed in many parts of Africa and Asia and is thus readily available.
The concept of triple wavefront fusion during biventricular pacing: Using the EGM to produce the best acute hemodynamic improvement in CRT
Authors: ter Horst Iris A.H. , Bogaard Margot D. , Tuinenburg Anton E. , Mast Thomas P. , de Boer Teun P. , Doevendans Pieter A.F.M. , Meine Mathias 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrevious reports suggest that biventricular pacing (BiVp) fused with intrinsic conduction (BiVp‐fusion, triple wavefront fusion) is associated with improved resynchronization compared to pure‐BiVp in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). This study aimed to assess the association between acute hemodynamic benefit of CRT and signs of BiVp‐fusion by using a novel electrogram (EGM)‐based method.MethodsIn 17 patients undergoing CRT implantation, 28 combinations of atrioventricular (AV) and interventricular (VV) delays were applied while invasively measuring acute hemodynamic response based on maximum rate of left ventricular (LV) pressure rise (LV dP/dtmax) to assess optimal BiVp settings. BiVp‐fusion was noted if farfield signal (caused by first intrinsic ventricular depolarization) was seen prior to right ventricular (RV) pacing (RVp) artifact on integrated bipolar RV EGM, or QRS morphology changed compared to pure‐BiVp (short AV‐delay) as seen on electrocardiogram (ECG).ResultsMean optimal RVp timing was at 98 ± 17% of intrinsic right atrial (RA)‐RVfarfield (interval from right atrial pace or sense to RV farfield signal) interval, while preactivating the LV at 50 ± 11% of RA‐RVsense (interval from right atrial pace or sense to RV sense interval) interval. BiVp‐fusion was noted in 16 of 17 (94%) patients on ECG during optimal BiVp. Eight of these patients showed intrinsic farfield signal prior to RVp artifact on RV EGM. In the remaining eight, the RVp was paced just within the RA‐RVfarfield interval with a mean of 25 ± 14 ms prior to the onset; therefore, the intrinsic farfield was masked.ConclusionOptimal hemodynamic BiVp facilitates triple wavefront fusion, by pacing the RV around the onset of intrinsic farfield signal on RV EGM, while preactivating the LV. Aiming at BiVp‐fusion could be a target for noninvasive EGM‐based CRT device setting optimization.
A Novel VPS33B Mutation in a Patient with Arthrogryposis‐Renal Dysfunction‐Cholestasis Syndrome
Authors: Moon Amanda T. , Christensen Theresa , Streicher Jenna L. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report a case of arthrogryposis‐renal dysfunction‐cholestasis (ARC) syndrome in a girl with a novel VPS33B mutation. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ARC syndrome in the United States.
Insulin glulisine for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in pediatric type 1 diabetes
Authors: Urakami Tatsuhiko , Mine Yusuke , Aoki Masako , Okuno Misako , Suzuki Junichi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of insulin glulisine (GLU) used for continuous s.c. insulin infusion (CSII) in 20 children with type 1 diabetes after 1 year of GLU treatment. There were no significant differences in mean plasma glucose before breakfast and before dinner between before and after using GLU, but the levels after breakfast and after dinner significantly improved, from 192.5 ± 31.7 to 162.0 ± 27.3 mg/dL for breakfast, and from 191.1 ± 33.3 to 161.1 ± 24.5 mg/dL for dinner (P < 0.01). Mean hemoglobin A1c significantly decreased (from 8.0 ± 0.8 to 7.7 ± 0.8%, P < 0.05), and the mean frequency of hypoglycemia significantly reduced after using GLU (from 8.3 ± 4.9 to 6.0 ± 3.4/month, P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of GLU rather than other rapid‐acting analogues for CSII might be an effective treatment option in children with type 1 diabetes.
Growth is (really) good for the (really) rich
Authors: Campos‐Vazquez Raymundo M. , Chavez Emmanuel , Esquivel Gerardo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper analyses the relationship between mean income and the income of the rich. Our methodology closely follows that of Dollar and Kraay (Journal of Economic Growth, 2002, 7, 195), but instead of looking at the bottom of the distribution, we focus on the top. We use panel data from the World Top Incomes database, which collects top income data from several countries using tax returns as the raw source. We define the “rich” as earners in the top 10%, 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% of the income distribution. Using data since 1980, we find that economic growth is good for the rich in the sense that the mean income of the top decile of the distribution grows in the same proportion as that of the whole population. However, we also find that the income of earners in the top percentile of the distribution and above grows faster than average income: therefore, economic growth is really good for the really rich. We also find that during economic downturns the average income of top earners responds proportionally less to changes in mean income than during economic expansions. Our results are consistent with the increase in inequality that has been recently observed at the top part of the distribution in many countries, and they are robust to different specifications, country samples and time observations.
Peptidoglycan Association of Murein Lipoprotein Is Required for KpsD-Dependent Group 2 Capsular Polysaccharide Expression and Serum Resistance in a Uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
Isolate
Authors: Diao Jingyu , Bouwman Catrien , Yan Donghong , Kang Jing , Katakam Anand K. , Liu Peter , Pantua Homer , Abbas Alexander R. , Nickerson Nicholas N. , Austin Cary , Reichelt Mike , Sandoval Wendy , Xu Min , Whitfield Chris , Kapadia Sharookh B. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Murein lipoprotein (Lpp) and peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (Pal) are major outer membrane lipoproteins in
Escherichia coli
. Their roles in cell-envelope integrity have been documented in
E. coli
laboratory strains, and while Lpp has been linked to serum resistance
in vitro
, the underlying mechanism has not been established. Here,
lpp
and
pal
mutants of uropathogenic
E. coli
strain CFT073 showed reduced survival in a mouse bacteremia model, but only the
lpp
mutant was sensitive to serum killing
in vitro
. The peptidoglycan-bound Lpp form was specifically required for preventing complement-mediated bacterial lysis
in vitro
and complement-mediated clearance
in vivo
. Compared to the wild-type strain, the
lpp
mutant had impaired K2 capsular polysaccharide production and was unable to respond to exposure to serum by elevating capsular polysaccharide amounts. These properties correlated with altered cellular distribution of KpsD, the predicted outer membrane translocon for “group 2” capsular polysaccharides. We identified a novel Lpp-dependent association between functional KpsD and peptidoglycan, highlighting important interplay between cell envelope components required for resistance to complement-mediated lysis in uropathogenic
E. coli
isolates.

IMPORTANCE
Uropathogenic
E. coli
(UPEC) isolates represent a significant cause of nosocomial urinary tract and bloodstream infections. Many UPEC isolates are resistant to serum killing. Here, we show that a major cell-envelope lipoprotein (murein lipoprotein) is required for serum resistance
in vitro
and for complement-mediated bacterial clearance
in vivo
. This is mediated, in part, through a novel mechanism by which murein lipoprotein affects the proper assembly of a key component of the machinery involved in production of “group 2” capsules. The absence of murein lipoprotein results in impaired production of the capsule layer, a known participant in complement resistance. These results demonstrate an important role for murein lipoprotein in complex interactions between different outer membrane biogenesis pathways and further highlight the importance of lipoprotein assembly and transport in bacterial pathogenesis.
Orientation-dependent behaviors of H dissolution and diffusion near W surfaces: A first-principles study
Authors: Pan Guyue , Zhang Yongsheng , Li Yonggang , Zhang Chuanguo , Zhao Zhe , Zeng Zhi 
Published: May 2017

The dissolution and diffusion behaviors of H in the four low-Miller-index W surfaces ((110), (112), (100) and (111)) are systematically studied by the density functional theory approach to understand the orientation dependence of the H bubble distribution on surface. The results show that H accumulation on surface is influenced by H diffusion barrier as well as vacancy and H formation. The barriers of diffusion towards surfaces are larger than that in bulk. It indicates that H is prone to diffuse into the deep in bulk once H dissolves in surface. H is preferred to accumulate on the W(111) surface due to the lower formation energies of vacancy and H comparing to that in bulk. However, W(110) is the resistant surface for forming H bubble due to the higher formation energies of vacancy and H. The results are helpful for understanding the orientation dependence of surface damages on W surface and designing new plasma-facing materials.
Depletion of Tumor-Associated Macrophages with a CSF-1R Kinase Inhibitor Enhances Antitumor Immunity and Survival Induced by DC Immunotherapy
Authors: Dammeijer Floris , Lievense Lysanne A. , Kaijen-Lambers Margaretha E. , van Nimwegen Menno , Bezemer Koen , Hegmans Joost P. , van Hall Thorbald , Hendriks Rudi W. , Aerts Joachim G. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
New immunotherapeutic strategies are needed to induce effective antitumor immunity in all cancer patients. Malignant mesothelioma is characterized by a poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapies. Infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) is prominent in mesothelioma and is linked to immune suppression, angiogenesis, and tumor aggressiveness. Therefore, TAM depletion could potentially reactivate antitumor immunity. We show that M-CSFR inhibition using the CSF-1R kinase inhibitor PLX3397 (pexidartinib) effectively reduced numbers of TAMs, circulating nonclassical monocytes, as well as amount of neoangiogenesis and ascites in mesothelioma mouse models, but did not improve survival. When combined with dendritic cell vaccination, survival was synergistically enhanced with a concomitant decrease in TAMs and an increase in CD8+ T-cell numbers and functionality. Total as well as tumor antigen–specific CD8+ T cells in tumor tissue of mice treated with combination therapy showed reduced surface expression of the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), a phenomenon associated with T-cell exhaustion. Finally, mice treated with combination therapy were protected from tumor rechallenge and displayed superior T-cell memory responses. We report that decreasing local TAM-mediated immune suppression without immune activation does not improve survival. However, combination of TAM-mediated immune suppression with dendritic cell immunotherapy generates robust and durable antitumor immunity. These findings provide insights into the interaction between immunotherapy-induced antitumor T cells and TAMs and offer a therapeutic strategy for mesothelioma treatment. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(7); 535–46. ©2017 AACR.