bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Techniques of Medial Rectus Muscle Retraction for Endoscopic Exposure of the Medial Intraconal Space
Authors: Lin Giant C. , Freitag Suzanne K. , Kocharyan Armine , Yoon Michael K. , Lefebvre Daniel R. , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: May 2016

Objective The medial rectus muscle (MRM) is the medial boundary to the intraconal space of the orbit, and retraction of the MRM is oftentimes necessary for endoscopic removal of intraconal tumors, e.g., orbital hemangioma. We evaluated each of the reported methods of MRM retraction for endoscopic orbital surgery and quantified the degree of intraconal exposure conferred by each method. Methods Eight orbits from four cadaver heads were dissected. In each orbit, medial orbital decompression was performed and the MRM was retracted by using four previously described techniques: (1) external MRM retraction at the globe insertion point by using vessel loop (external group), (2) transseptal MRM retraction by using vessel loop (transseptal group), (3) transchoanal retraction of the MRM by using vessel loop (choanal group), and (4) transseptal four-handed technique by using double ball retraction by a second surgeon (transseptal double ball group). The length, height, and area of exposure of the medial intraconal space were quantified and compared. Results The average ± standard deviation (SD) anterior-posterior exposures for the external group, transseptal group, and transseptal double ball group were 17.51 ± 3.39 mm, 16.59 ± 4.16 mm, and 18.0 ± 15.25 mm, respectively. The choanal group provided significantly less exposure (12.39 ± 3.44 mm, p = 0.049) than the other groups. The average ± SD vertical exposures for the transseptal group, choanal group, and transseptal double ball group were 12.53 ± 4.38 mm, 13.05 ± 5.86 mm, and 13.57 ± 3.74 mm, respectively. The external group provided significantly less exposure (4.51 ± 1.56 mm, p = 0.0072) than the other groups. The transseptal and transseptal double ball groups provided the greatest total access by surface area (58.88 ± 26.96 mm2 and 62.94 ± 34.74 mm2, respectively) compared with the external and choanal groups (34.82 ± 23.37 mm2 and 43.10 ± 23.68 mm2, respectively). Although the transseptal trajectory of MRM retraction was optimal, the difference in total area of exposure between the static vessel loop retraction and the dynamic, four-handed technique with double ball instrument retraction was not significant. Of note, the exposure provided by the choanal technique required the surgeon to work both above and below the muscle. Conclusion Retraction of the MRM toward the choanae provided the least length of exposure, and external retraction exposed the least height and total area. Transseptal MRM retraction was most favorable and provided the largest endoscopic corridor to the medial intraconal space. A four-handed approach for endoscopic intraconal surgery of the orbit may offer advantages in dynamic adjustments in retraction.
A Systematic Review of the Sinonasal Microbiome in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Anderson Martin , Stokken Janalee , Sanford Thomas , Aurora Rajeev , Sindwani Raj 
Published: May 2016

Background The interaction between the host and microorganisms in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is poorly understood and is a growing area of interest. More recently, methodologies have been developed to assess the microbiome without the use of culture by analyzing the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. We reviewed the microbiome literature to better understand the role of microbes in CRS. Methods Systematic review of studies that used the 16S ribosomal RNA gene deep sequencing. Results Nine publications met the search criteria. Eight studies evaluated the microbiome in controls (total, 83 subjects; range, 3-28 per study), whereas six of the studies included patients with CRS (total, 121 patients; range, 7-43 per study). Various sequencing techniques, primers, sample sites, and extraction methods were used. Of the articles that specified the number of taxa in controls, an average of 1587 taxa were identified (range, 911-2330). Significant heterogeneity was noted among the studies; however, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroides phyla were identified in every sample of control patients and patients with CRS. Three of the studies showed enrichment to some degree of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with CRS. The total bacterial burden in CRS was similar to the controls. One study demonstrated a decrease in diversity, whereas other studies did not show any changes in CRS when compared with controls. Conclusion Although there are common phyla present in both control patients and patients with CRS, no consistent enrichment of any particular taxon was identified. Our findings indicated that there was no clear single causative microbe in CRS. More studies are needed to better understand the significance of the host interaction with the microbiome and the role it plays in CRS.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Elcioglu Omer Celal , Afsar Baris , Bakan Ali , Takir Mumtaz , Ozkok Abdullah , Oral Alihan , Kostek Osman , Basci Semih , Kanbay Asiye , Toprak Aybala Erek , Bahat Kubra Aydin , Kalcioglu M. Tayyar , Kanbay Mehmet 
Published: May 2016

Background Chronic inflammation is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction (ED), and cardiovascular diseases. Because chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease, it may be associated with the development of ED and accelerated atherosclerosis. Objective To investigate the relationship between CRS and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and microalbuminuria. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included 38 patients with CRS and 29 healthy controls. In addition to measuring spot urine albumin-creatinine ratios, FMD of the brachial artery and CIMT were assessed noninvasively. Results Patients with CRS had lower FMD scores (p = 0.031), higher CIMT scores (p = 0.005), and a higher urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (p = 0.036) compared with healthy controls. In a multivariate analysis, CIMT and FMD were independently associated with the presence of CRS. However, the relationship between urinary albumin and creatinine, and the presence of CRS was no longer observed. Conclusions CRS is associated with ED and atherosclerosis, as indicated by decreased FMD and increased CIMT in patients with CRS. Further studies are necessary to identify the exact pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for our findings.
RESONANT ABSORPTION OF AXISYMMETRIC MODES IN TWISTED MAGNETIC FLUX TUBES
Authors: Giagkiozis I. , Goossens M. , Verth G. , Fedun V. , Doorsselaere T. Van 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
It has been shown recently that magnetic twist and axisymmetric MHD modes are ubiquitous in the solar atmosphere, and therefore the study of resonant absorption for these modes has become a pressing issue because it can have important consequences for heating magnetic flux tubes in the solar atmosphere and the observed damping. In this investigation, for the first time, we calculate the damping rate for axisymmetric MHD waves in weakly twisted magnetic flux tubes. Our aim is to investigate the impact of resonant damping of these modes for solar atmospheric conditions. This analytical study is based on an idealized configuration of a straight magnetic flux tube with a weak magnetic twist inside as well as outside the tube. By implementing the conservation laws derived by Sakurai et al. and the analytic solutions for weakly twisted flux tubes obtained recently by Giagkiozis et al. we derive a dispersion relation for resonantly damped axisymmetric modes in the spectrum of the Alfvén continuum. We also obtain an insightful analytical expression for the damping rate in the long wavelength limit. Furthermore, it is shown that both the longitudinal magnetic field and the density, which are allowed to vary continuously in the inhomogeneous layer, have a significant impact on the damping time. Given the conditions in the solar atmosphere, resonantly damped axisymmetric modes are highly likely to be ubiquitous and play an important role in energy dissipation. We also suggest that, given the character of these waves, it is likely that they have already been observed in the guise of Alfvén waves.
INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD SECTOR FROM SOLAR WIND AROUND PLUTO (SWAP) MEASUREMENTS OF HEAVY ION PICKUP NEAR PLUTO
Authors: Zirnstein E. J. , McComas D. J. , Elliott H. A. , Weidner S. , Valek P. W. , Bagenal F. , Stern S. A. , Ennico K. , Olkin C. B. , Weaver H. A. , Young L. A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
On 2015 July 14, the New Horizons spacecraft flew by the Pluto system. The Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument on board New Horizons, which detects ions in the energy per charge range ∼0.035 to 7.5 keV/q, measured the unique interaction between the solar wind and Pluto's atmosphere. Immediately after the closest approach, SWAP detected a burst of heavy ion counts when the instrument's field of view (FOV) was aligned north and south of the Sun–Pluto line and approximately normal to the solar wind flow direction, suggesting their origin as heavy neutral atoms from Pluto that were ionized and being picked up by the solar wind. The trajectories of heavy pickup ions depend on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). New Horizons is not equipped with a magnetometer, and we cannot directly measure the IMF. However, we can utilize SWAP's measurements and instrument FOV during this brief period of time to determine the most likely sector of the IMF that could reproduce SWAP's observations of heavy ion pickup. We find that the IMF was most likely in an outward sector, or retrograde to the planets’ motion, during the Pluto encounter, and that the heavy ions detected by SWAP are more likely

CH

4

+

than

N

2

+

. This supports the existence of a methane exosphere at Pluto.
Les réseaux sociaux dans le canal de distribution traditionnel au Maroc : l’exemple des Souassa
Authors: Balambo Mohammed Amine , Elbaz Jamal 
Published: May 2016

Plusieurs recherches constatent le contrôle des Amazighs du commerce de détail au Maghreb. Au Maroc, les Souassa 1 sont réputés maîtriser et contrôler le canal de distribution traditionnel. Cet article a pour objectif de comprendre la nature et les bases de développement de la confiance dans les réseaux sociaux liés à ce canal de distribution traditionnel. Il vise ainsi à démontrer que la nature de la confiance développée obéît aux caractéristiques culturelles du réseau dans lequel les acteurs sont encastrés. Pour étudier le contexte du canal de distribution traditionnel au Maroc, cet article se fondera sur la théorie de l’échange social, celle de l’encastrement dans les réseaux sociaux, et la théorie de la culture. En adoptant une approche exploratoire, nous nous baserons sur des entretiens semi-directifs avec guide d’entretien, qui feront l’objet d’une analyse thématique de contenu. Classification JEL : L22
« Le boudoir de la mort » : le couloir de la mort…
Authors: Pierre Étienne 
Published: May 2016

Si la mort n’est qu’un « accident de la vie », selon le mot de Bichat, chez Sade elle s’en détache pour devenir un médiateur du plaisir. Et comme le plaisir est chez le divin marquis pluriel, la mort elle-même prend une multitude de figures dont la finalité est de réduire l’Homme à l’état de chose érotique, et ainsi de provoquer Dieu à travers la négation de l’acte majeur de la Création.
A Multistep Scheme for Decoupled Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: Zhao Weidong , Zhang Wei , Ju Lili 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUpon a set of backward orthogonal polynomials, we propose a novel multi-step numerical scheme for solving the decoupled forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs). Under Lipschtiz conditions on the coefficients of the FBSDEs, we first get a general error estimate result which implies zero-stability of the proposed scheme, and then we further prove that the convergence rate of the scheme can be of high order for Markovian FBSDEs. Some numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed multi-step scheme and to numerically verify the theoretical results.
Sensory Features of Toddlers at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Philpott-Robinson Kelsey , Lane Alison E. , Harpster Karen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOBJECTIVE. We observed sensory features in toddlers ages 12–24 mo with risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and explored their relationship to general development and early signs of ASD.METHOD. Participants (N = 46) included toddlers with higher risk for ASD. All participants were administered standardized assessments of sensory features, early signs of ASD, and general development at a single study visit.RESULTS. Sensory features in toddlers were characterized as either adaptive or reactive. Toddlers with more difficulties in oral sensory processing displayed more early signs of ASD. Typical oral and auditory processing were associated with higher cognitive function, and toddlers with fewer sensory features overall had more mature language skills.CONCLUSION. Specific sensory features were associated with both early signs of ASD and less mature general development. Replication of this preliminary study is required.
RELATO DE CASO: FASCEÍTE NECROTIZANTE POR ACINETOBACTER BAUMANII
Authors: Fagundes Grobe Sarah , Perussolo Alberton Helen Carolina , Albanske Raboni Lenisa , Tuon Felipe Francisco 
Published: May 2016

A Fasceíte Necrotizante (FN) é uma infecção grave com início súbito e evolução progressiva, com alta mortalidade e que acomete o tecido celular subcutâneo e a fáscia muscular. O trauma é fator de risco para este tipo de infecção. O diagnóstico é clínico e o tratamento baseia-se em intervenção cirúrgica imediata e antibioticoterapia empírica de amplo espectro. O Acinetobacter baumannii apesar de não estar comumente relacionado à FN, possui alta virulência e ampla capacidade de adquirir resistência a antimicrobianos de amplo espectro. Relato de caso: E.P, 29 anos, admitido em um hospital universitário após trauma extenso em membro inferior esquerdo. Submetido a diversas intervenções cirúrgicas com necessidade de amputação transtibial de perna esquerda. Após 48h da amputação, evoluiu com dor intensa no coto cirúrgico, associado a hiperemia local e lesões bolhosas róseas e hemorrágicas. Submetido a reabordagem cirúrgica de emergência e antibioticoterapia empírica de amplo espectro imediatamente. Durante a manipulação cirúrgica, notou-se grande quantidade de necrose e secreção purulenta, sendo necessário ampliação da amputação para nível supracondiliano. Em culturas coletadas, de partes moles e osso, houve crescimento de Enterobacter cloacae e Acinetobacter baumannii, sensível à polimixina e tigeciclina, sendo então realizada antibioticoterapia dirigida com o primeiro antimicrobiano. No 5º dia de tratamento, paciente evolui com piora aguda da função renal, sendo então suspensa polimixina e iniciado tigeciclina durante 30 dias, com resposta clínica completa. Conclusão: Apesar da grave infecção e da virulência do agente etiológico, o diagnóstico e tratamento precoce foram importantes para a boa evolução do caso relatado.
Mapeamento do conhecimento dos acadêmicos de medicina acerca da acupuntura
Authors: Franco Ana Paula Gebert de Oliveira , Costa Isabel Ziesemer , Namba Mário Massatomo , Bauer Luiz Antônio De Ridder , Filho Edmar Stevien , Camilotti Bárbara Maria 
Published: May 2016

Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar o conhecimento e o interesse dos acadêmicos de medicina de uma instituição de ensino superior de Curitiba acerca da acupuntura por meio de um questionário. Analisar se a idade dos indivíduos, e o ciclo de formação, interfere no interesse acerca da acupuntura. Métodos: Foram selecionados 400 alunos do curso de medicina da Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná. O pesquisador elaborou um questionário com 19 perguntas que foram aplicadas aos sujeitos da pesquisa. Os alunos responderam de forma voluntária o questionário. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por valores de média e desvio padrão. Posteriormente foi aplicada a análise estatística por meio do teste t Student para análise dos dois grupos de idade. Para os três grupos foi utilizada a ANOVA um fator e para análise qualitativa o teste do Qui-quadrado ou de Fischer(p<0,05). Resultados: 70% dos alunos apresentaram interesse pela acupuntura. Alunos do ciclo clínico/internato têm maior propensão (48,98%)a optarem por fazer uma especialização em Acupuntura que os alunos do ciclo básico (27,50%) (p=0,016). 78,72% dos alunos que não decidiram pela especialização em acupuntura apresentaram interesse pelo conhecimento da mesma. Conclusão: A inclusão da acupuntura como disciplina eletiva do currículo básico da medicina é relevante.
“A Randomized Trial of Standard Versus Intensive Blood Pressure Control”- The SPRINT trial
Authors: Rosario Bernardo Augusto , Mayer Bruna Loise , Carvalho Mauricio 
Published: May 2016

Apesar da hipertensão arterial sistêmica ser uma condição muito prevalente, a meta pressórica a ser atingida ainda permanece incerta. O estudo SPRINT comparou o controle pressórico mais intensivo (pressão sistólica menor que 120 mmHg) versus o controle habitual (pressão sistólica menor que 140 mmHg). Neste trabalho, houve redução significativa de eventos cerebro e cardiovasculares e também de mortalidade no grupo de tratamento intensivo. Entretanto, esta redução foi associada a maior incidência de eventos adversos.
O PROCESSO DE CONSTRUÇÃO E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DAS DIRETRIZES CURRICULARES ESTADUAIS DE GEOGRAFIA NO PARANÁ
Authors: Mormul Najla Mehanna , Girotto Eduardo Donizeti , Francischett Mafalda Nesi , Leme Rosana Cristina Biral 
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo aponta os resultados da pesquisa desenvolvida pelos membros do Grupo de Pesquisa de Ensino de Geografia (GPEG), da UNIOESTE- Campus Francisco Beltrão/PR, que analisou o processo de construção e implementação das Diretrizes Curriculares Estaduais de Geografia no Paraná (DCEs). A pesquisa foi realizada na cidade de Francisco Beltrão, por meio de entrevistas com vinte e sete (27) professores de Geografia atuantes nas escolas estaduais do município. A partir dos dados, foi possível verificar que a participação dos professores na construção das (DCEs) ocorreu de forma representativa, sendo que a finalização da proposta contou com um número pequeno de docentes da rede estadual. Após a publicação, não houve políticas para a implementação da proposta, o que tem dificultado a apropriação da proposta pelos professores. Por isso, indicamos a ampliação da política de formação continuada com o intuito de produzir um efetivo processo de implementação das DCEs-PR. Palavras-chave: ensino de Geografia, diretrizes curriculares, Paraná. DOI: 10.5902/2236499413913
A COMPOSIÇÃO ESPACIAL DAS RÁDIOS LIVRES: TRAJETÓRIAS, LUGARES E ESCALAS
Authors: Fedel André De Souza , Nabozny Almir 
Published: May 2016

Este artigo busca compreender o modo como o espaço geográfico constitui as rádios livres, apresentando resultados de uma pesquisa concluída. Sua metodologia compreendeu um levantamento bibliográfico por meio do qual se interpretou a história do movimento social de rádios livres, suas relações com o Estado e outros movimentos sociais de democratização da comunicação. Em seguida, realizaram-se estudos de caso com integrantes de três rádios livres localizadas no estado de São Paulo, com entrevistas e trabalhos de campo. Pode-se entender que a espacialidade das rádios livres, produzida pelas múltiplas trajetórias dos integrantes, proporciona a formação de lugares do acontecer solidário, em que os sujeitos dialogam sobre uma infinidade de temas marginalizados e realizam atividades de cunho formativo cotidianamente, oportunizando uma produção da escala geográfica diferenciada, bem como uma distribuição da técnica de maneira crítica. Palavras-chave: espaço, rádio livre, lugares, escala DOI: 10.5902/2236499420399
Epitaxial growth of β-FeSi2 thin films on Si(111) substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering and their application to near-infrared photodetection
Authors: Promros Nathaporn , Baba Ryuji , Takahara Motoki , Mostafa Tarek M. , Sittimart Phongsaphak , Shaban Mahmoud , Yoshitake Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
β-FeSi2 thin films were epitaxially grown on p-type Si(111) substrates at a substrate temperature of 560 °C and Ar pressure of 2.66 × 10−1 Pa by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) using a sintered FeSi2 target, without postannealing. The resultant n-type β-FeSi2/p-type Si heterojunctions were evaluated as near-infrared photodiodes. Three epitaxial variants of β-FeSi2 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The heterojunctions exhibited typical rectifying action at room temperature. At 300 K, the heterojunctions showed a substantial leakage current and minimal response for irradiation of near-infrared light. At 50 K, the leakage current was markedly reduced and the ratio of the photocurrent to dark current was considerably enhanced. The detectivity at 50 K was estimated to be 3.0 × 1011 cm Hz1/2/W at a zero bias voltage. Their photodetection was inferior to those of similar heterojunctions prepared using facing-target direct-current sputtering (FTDCS) in our previous study. This inferiority is likely because β-FeSi2 films prepared using RFMS are located in plasma and are damaged by it.
Bioinspired Metafabric with Dual‐Gradient Janus Design for Personal Radiative and Evaporative Cooling
Authors: Yan Zhen , Zhu Guanghao , Fan Desong , Li Qiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPersonal radiative cooling fabrics are a promising zero‐energy solution for creating a cool and comfortable microclimate for outdoor crowds. Despite significant progress, achieving efficient radiative cooling under some extreme situations, such as thermal shock and intensive physical activity, remains a challenge. Herein, a bioinspired metafabric with a dual‐gradient Janus design is reported for personal radiative and evaporative cooling. The hierarchical fiber structure allows for an excellent solar reflectance of 99.4% and mid‐infrared emittance of 0.94, inducing a skin temperature drop of 17.8 °C under intense sunlight. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles fixed in the fibrous network can store evaporative cooling capacity by atmospheric moisture‐absorption in the mild and humid nighttime and release such cooling capacity by moisture‐desorption in the hot daytime, providing an additional skin temperature drop of 2.5 °C. Dual‐gradient Janus design endows the metafabric with an outstanding sweat‐wicking effect and high‐performance sweat evaporative cooling capacity. In the steady‐state evaporation tests, a maximum sweat consumption of only 0.5 ml h−1 can cool the skin to a comfortable temperature, preventing harmful excessive sweating. Additionally, the bioinspired metafabric also possesses favorable wearability and color expansibility. Given these first‐rate features, the bioinspired metafabric will pave the way for the development of advanced functional fabrics.