bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dramatic effects of chlorine addition on expanding synthesis conditions for fluorine-free metal–organic decomposition YBa2Cu3Oy films
Authors: Motoki Takanori , Ikeda Shuhei , Honda Genki , Nagaishi Tatsuoki , Nakamura Shin-ichi , Shimoyama Jun-ichi 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The synthesis conditions of fluorine-free metal–organic decomposition (FF-MOD)-processed YBa2Cu3O
y
(YBCO) films on buffered metallic substrates have been systematically investigated. Chlorine addition to the starting solution was found to be quite effective for expanding the synthesis conditions of highly c-axis-oriented YBCO films. YBCO films showing a high critical current, ∼100 A/cm (77 K, ∼0 T), were successfully obtained by sintering at 740 °C, which is ∼50 °C lower than the typical sintering temperature for FF-MOD-processed YBCO films. This strongly indicated that chlorine addition is promising for the development of long and homogeneous YBCO tapes even by sintering at a low temperature of ∼740 °C.
On the generation mechanisms of fluid‐driven seismic signals related to volcano‐tectonics
Authors: Fazio Marco , Benson Philip M. , Vinciguerra Sergio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe generation mechanics of fluid‐driven volcano seismic signals, and their evolution with time, remains poorly understood. We present a laboratory study aiming to better constrain the time evolution of such signals across temperature conditions 25 to 175°C in order to simulate a “bubbly liquid.” Simulations used pressures equivalent to volcanic edifices up to 1.6 km in depth using a triaxial deformation apparatus equipped with an array of acoustic emission sensors. We investigate the origin of fluid‐driven seismic signals by rapidly venting the pore pressure through a characterized damage zone. During the release of water at 25°C broadband signals were generated, with frequencies ranging from 50 to 160 kHz. However, the decompression of a water/steam phase at 175°C generated a bimodal spectrum of different signals, in the range 100–160 kHz. These new results are consistent with natural signals from active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna, and highlight the role of fluid and gas phases (such as bubbly liquids) in generating different types of volcano‐tectonic seismicity.
Schumann resonances at Mars: Effects of the day‐night asymmetry and the dust‐loaded ionosphere
Authors: Toledo‐Redondo S. , Salinas A. , Portí J. , Witasse O. , Cardnell S. , Fornieles J. , Molina‐Cuberos G. J. , Déprez G. , Montmessin F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSchumann resonances are standing waves that oscillate in the electromagnetic cavity formed between the conducting lower ionosphere and the surface of the planet. They have been measured in situ only on Earth and Titan, although they are believed to exist on other planets like Mars. We report numerical simulations of the Martian electromagnetic cavity, accounting for the day‐night asymmetry and different dust scenarios. It has been found that the resonances are more energetic on the nightside, the first resonance is expected to be 9–14 Hz depending on the dust activity and to have low quality factors (Q≃2). This work serves as an input for the upcoming Exomars surface platform (launch 2020), who will attempt to measure them for the first time.
Assessment of simulated aerosol effective radiative forcings in the terrestrial spectrum
Authors: Heyn Irene , Block Karoline , Mülmenstädt Johannes , Gryspeerdt Edward , Kühne Philipp , Salzmann Marc , Quaas Johannes 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn its fifth assessment report (AR5), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change provides a best estimate of the effective radiative forcing (ERF) due to anthropogenic aerosol at −0.9 W m−2. This value is considerably weaker than the estimate of −1.2 W m−2 in AR4. A part of the difference can be explained by an offset of +0.2 W m−2 which AR5 added to all published estimates that only considered the solar spectrum, in order to account for adjustments in the terrestrial spectrum. We find that, in the CMIP5 multimodel median, the ERF in the terrestrial spectrum is small, unless microphysical effects on ice‐ and mixed‐phase clouds are parameterized. In the latter case it is large but accompanied by a very strong ERF in the solar spectrum. The total adjustments can be separated into microphysical adjustments (aerosol “effects”) and thermodynamic adjustments. Using a kernel technique, we quantify the latter and find that the rapid thermodynamic adjustments of water vapor and temperature profiles are small. Observation‐based constraints on these model results are urgently needed.
Seismotectonics of the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain and Gorringe Bank, eastern Atlantic Ocean: Constraints from ocean bottom seismometer data
Authors: Grevemeyer Ingo , Lange Dietrich , Villinger Heinrich , Custódio Susana , Matias Luis 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAt the eastern end of the Azores‐Gloria transform fault system to the southwest of Portugal, the plate boundary between Africa and Iberia is a region where deformation is accommodated over a wide tectonically active area. The region has unleashed large earthquakes and tsunamis, including the Mw ~ 8.5 Great Lisbon earthquake of 1755. Although the source region of the 1755 earthquake is still disputed, most proposals include a source location in the vicinity of the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain (HAP), which is bounded by the 5000 m high Gorringe Bank (GB). In this study we characterize seismic activity in the region using data recorded by two local networks of ocean bottom seismometers. The networks were deployed in the eastern HAP and at the GB. The data set allowed the detection of 160 local earthquakes. These earthquakes cluster around the GB, to the SW of Cabo Sao Vicente, and in the HAP. Focal depths indicate deep‐seated earthquakes, with depths increasing from 20–35 km (mean of 26.1 ± 7.2 km) at the GB to 15–45 km (mean 31.5 km ± 10.5 km) under the HAP. Seismic activity thus extends down to levels that are deeper than those mapped by active seismic profiling, with the majority of events occurring within the mantle. Thermal modeling suggests that temperatures of approximately 600°C characterize the base of the seismogenic brittle lithosphere at ~45 km depth. The large source depth and thermal structure support previous suggestions that catastrophic seismic rupture through the lithospheric mantle may indeed occur in the area.
A fast hybrid (3‐D/1‐D) model for thermal radiative transfer in cirrus via successive orders of scattering
Authors: Fauchez Thomas , Davis Anthony B. , Cornet Céline , Szczap Fredéric , Platnick Steven , Dubuisson Philippe , Thieuleux François 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe investigate the impact of cirrus cloud heterogeneity on the direct emission by cloud or surface and on the scattering by ice particles in the thermal infrared (TIR). Realistic 3‐D cirri are modeled with the 3DCLOUD code, and top‐of‐atmosphere radiances are simulated by the 3‐D Monte Carlo radiative transfer (RT) algorithm 3DMCPOL for two (8.65 μm and 12.05 μm) channels of the Imaging Infrared Radiometer on CALIPSO. At nadir, comparisons of 1‐D and 3‐D RT show that 3‐D radiances are larger than their 1‐D counterparts for direct emission but smaller for scattered radiation. For our cirrus cases, 99% of the 3‐D total radiance is computed by the third scattering order, which corresponds to 90% of the total computational effort, but larger optical thicknesses need more scattering orders. To radically accelerate the 3‐D RT computations (using only few percent of 3‐D RT time with a Monte Carlo code), even in the presence of large optical depths, we develop a hybrid model based on exact 3‐D direct emission, the first scattering order from 1‐D in each homogenized column, and an empirical adjustment linearly dependent on the optical thickness to account for higher scattering orders. Good agreement is found between the hybrid model and the exact 3‐D radiances for two very different cirrus models without changing the empirical parameters. We anticipate that a future deterministic implementation of the hybrid model will be fast enough to process multiangle thermal imagery in a practical tomographic reconstruction of 3‐D cirrus fields.
On the secular retention of ground water and ice on Mars
Authors: Grimm Robert E. , Harrison Keith P. , Stillman David E. , Kirchoff Michelle R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTropical ground ice on Mars undergoes long‐term sublimation and likely exospheric escape. Without restriction of sublimation, the cryosphere would eventually breach, leading to massive loss of any underlying groundwater. We seek to understand the conditions under which the ground‐ice seal, groundwater, and subsurface habitability are preserved. Using multireservoir models for the evolution of deuterium‐to‐hydrogen ratios, we derive a median estimate of the Hesperian‐Amazonian H2O loss of 60 m (interquartile range 30–120 m) global equivalent layer (GEL), neglecting magmatic degassing. Most of the loss may have been early, with consequent low loss in the “modern” cold and dry climate. We modeled global H2O transport within Mars following an assumed abrupt transition to modern conditions at 3 Ga. Sublimation is retarded (in order of decreasing priority) by higher obliquity, smaller porosity, higher tortuosity, lower heat flow, and smaller pore radius. Higher obliquity reduces H2O loss by decreasing tropical surface temperatures and raising global atmospheric water vapor. Time‐variable obliquities do not overly influence outcomes as long as the total duration <30° obliquity is <1 Gyr, with no interval longer than a few hundred million years. Decreased solar luminosity or a thicker CO2 atmosphere can also retard loss of subsurface H2O, whereas lower atmospheric water vapor accelerates sublimation. If Mars' post‐Noachian crustal H2O inventory was a few hundred meters GEL or more, then the modest loss since then implies that the cryospheric seal has been maintained following top down freezing and that groundwater likely exists globally on Mars today.
Dual‐curing thermosetting monomer containing both propargyl ether and phthalonitrile groups
Authors: Bulgakov B. A. , Sulimov A. V. , Babkin A. V. , Kepman A. V. , Malakho A. P. , Avdeev V. V. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTNovel self‐curing monomer containing two thermosetting groups, namely propargyl ether and phthalonitrile (PN) in a molecular structure, is synthesized and investigated. The study of catalyzed and uncatalyzed curing is performed and high heat release during curing is observed. This disadvantage can be adjusted by catalysis of propargyl ether polymerization with Ni (II), Co (II), and Cu (II) salts. The cured monomer possesses high thermal properties featured to phthalonitrile matrices (Heat deflection temperature, HDT = 428 °C, T5% = 499 °C) and moderate mechanical properties (E = 4.9 ± 0.65 GPa, GIC = 106 ± 26 J/m2), it can be applied as a high temperature matrix for carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). Low melt viscosity (223 mPa s at 120 °C) of the monomer provides a possibility to consider its application for composite material formation by vacuum infusion or resin transfer molding (RTM) techniques, which are exceptionally rarely applied for matrices with HDT > 300 °C but allow to obtain composites of complex shape with minimal joining parts. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 133, 44786.
An autonomous self‐healing hydrogel based on surfactant‐free hydrophobic association
Authors: Owusu‐Nkwantabisah Silas , Gillmor Jeffrey R. , Switalski Steven C. , Slater Gary L. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTSelf‐healing hydrogels are attractive for a variety of applications including wound dressings and coatings. This paper describes the facile preparation and characterization of an autonomous self‐healing hydrogel system comprising surfactant‐free hydrophobic associations. The hydrogel comprised a copolymer of benzyl methacrylate (B), octadecyl methacrylate (O), and methacrylic acid (MA). The hydrogels were prepared via a controlled dehydration procedure to achieve the formation of strong intermolecular hydrophobic associations of the octadecyl groups above a critical polymer concentration. Fractured hydrogels healed within 30 min without any external intervention. Increasing hydrogel polymer content from 31 wt % to 39 wt % resulted in a threefold increase in the shear modulus and 50% reduction of the relaxation time. Addition of 4 mM NaCl to a hydrogel of 31 wt % polymer content resulted in 2.5 times longer relaxation time and 24% decrease in shear modulus. The hydrogels swelled up water by up to four times its weight, which corroborates the robustness of the hydrophobic association crosslinks. The bulk properties of the hydrogels are discussed in terms of the hydrophobic associations of the O‐groups and the electrostatic interaction of the MA‐groups in the polymer chains. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44800.
Chloro Derivatives of Azafullerenes C59NCl5 and Non‐Classical C97NCl21
Authors: Markov Vitaliy Yu. , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHigh‐temperature chlorination of HPLC fullerene fractions containing mainly C92/C94 and C102/C104 resulted in the isolation and X‐ray structural characterization of chloro derivatives of azafullerenes, C59NCl5 and C97NCl21. It was assumed that formation of azafullerenes in the arc‐discharge synthesis of fullerenes occurred due to air leakage into the reactor. The molecule of C59NCl5 contains an isolated aromatic pyrrole ring on the fullerene cage and possesses C5v symmetrical shape typical of other known C59NR5 derivatives. The molecule of non‐classical (NC) C97N(NC)Cl21 contains an NC6 heptagon on the azafullerene cage that assumes its formation by a C2 loss from C99N in the course of chlorination. The chlorination pattern is characterized by the presence of stabilizing isolated aromatic systems and isolated double C=C bonds on the C97N(NC) azafullerene cage.
Acetoin production via unbalanced fermentation in Shewanella oneidensis
Authors: Bursac Thea , Gralnick Jeffrey A. , Gescher Johannes 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis study describes the realization of an anoxic acetoin production process using the proteobacterium Shewanella oneidensis. Fermentative processes are of high biotechnological relevance since they offer high productivity and a low percentage of substrate consumption for anabolic processes. Nevertheless, the range of compounds that can be produced as sole end product of a fermentative process is limited, since the average oxidation state of substrate and products has to be identical in the absence of an external electron acceptor. This limitation could be overcome by the transfer of the surplus of electrons to a poised electrode surface, which of note is the only known anaerobic electron acceptor that cannot be depleted. In the first genetic engineering step, deletion mutants were developed that are devoid of either one, two, or all three prophages in their genome with the aim to construct a more stable chassis strain for microbe‐electrode interaction, due to less prophage induced cell lysis (Gödeke et al., 2011). Current production in a bioelectrochemical system together with the analysis of cells on the anode surface were used as surrogate for the stability assessment. The λ‐prophage deletion mutant produced overall 1.34fold more current (6.7 μA cm−2) than the wild type and all other constructed strains and showed with 1.1 × 1011 cells the highest cell density on the anode surface (2.3fold more than the wild type). The strain was further modified to contain codon optimized versions of acetolactate synthase and acetolactate decarboxylase derived from Bacillus subtilis. This allowed for the production of a mixture of acetoin and acetate from lactate in an almost 0.4:1 ratio. Further process improvement was reached by the deletion of the acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase genes ackA/pta. The acetoin yield increased in this mutant from 40 to 86% of the theoretical maximum and acetoin was the only detectable end product. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1283–1289. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Objective physical and mental markers of self‐reported fatigue in women undergoing (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for early‐stage breast cancer
Authors: Mortimer Joanne E. , Waliany Sarah , Dieli‐Conwright Christina M. , Patel Sunita K. , Hurria Arti , Chao Joseph , Tiep Brian , Behrendt Carolyn E. 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUNDObjective, treatment‐independent markers of cancer‐related fatigue are needed to advance clinical trials. In the current study, the authors evaluated physical, neurocognitive, and serologic markers for correlation with self‐reported fatigue before and after (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with early‐stage breast cancer.METHODSWomen with AJCC TNM Stage I‐III breast cancer consented to assessment before and after the completion of 4 cycles of dose‐dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Assessment included self‐reported fatigue (using the Brief Fatigue Inventory), depression (using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale [CES‐D]), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 28 objective measures (grip strength in dominant and nondominant hands, 6‐minute walk, daily total energy expenditure, 14 neurocognitive tests, and 10 serologic markers). Generalized linear regression models of fatigue were constructed (1 model per marker), and adjusted for depression, timing before/after chemotherapy, menopausal status, obesity, and educational level. P values were adjusted to control the False Discovery Rate.RESULTSOf 28 subjects, 3 withdrew without completing baseline assessments. Prechemotherapy and postchemotherapy data were available for the evaluation of physical measures (25 subjects aged 50.6 ± 9.5 years), neurocognitive tests (22 subjects), and serologic markers (10 subjects). On covariate‐adjusted analysis, interleukin (IL)‐12 was found to be associated with fatigue at both assessments (P<.01). Serum eotaxin (P < .01), IL‐1RA (P < .01), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) (P<.01), and performance on 2 neurocognitive (Trail Making) tests (P<.01 and P = .02, respectively) were found to be inversely associated with fatigue before chemotherapy but not afterward, whereas daily energy expenditure, serum MCP‐1, and serum macrophage inflammatory protein 1a (MIP‐1a) were found to be associated with fatigue after receipt of chemotherapy but not before (P<.01 for each). The association between energy expenditure and fatigue was detectable only if an actively athletic subject with outlier values of energy expenditure was excluded.CONCLUSIONSSerum IL‐12 merits confirmatory testing as an objective, treatment‐independent measure of fatigue in patients with early‐stage breast cancer. Cancer 2017;123:1810–1816. © 2017 The Authors.	Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Multiphoton microscope measurement–based biphasic multiscale analyses of knee joint articular cartilage and chondrocyte by using visco‐anisotropic hyperelastic finite element method and smoothed particle hydrodynamics method
Authors: Nakamachi Eiji , Noma Tomohiro , Nakahara Kaito , Tomita Yoshihiro , Morita Yusuke 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe articular cartilage of a knee joint has a variety of functions including dispersing stress and absorbing shock in the tissue and lubricating the surface region of cartilage. The metabolic activity of chondrocytes under the cyclic mechanical stimulations regenerates the morphology and function of tissues. Hence, the stress evaluation of the chondrocyte is a vital subject to assess the regeneration cycle in the normal walking condition and predict the injury occurrence in the accidents. Further, the threshold determination of stress for the chondrocytes activation is valuable for development of regenerative bioreactor of articular cartilage. In this study, in both macroscale and microscale analyses, the dynamic explicit finite element (FE) method was used for the solid phase and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was used for the fluid phase. In the homogenization procedure, the representative volume element for the microscale finite element model was derived by using the multiphoton microscope measured 3D structure comprising 3 different layers: surface, middle, and deep layers. The layers had different anisotropic structural and rigidity characteristics because of the collagen fiber orientation. In both macroscale and microscale FE analyses, the visco‐anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive law was used. Material properties were identified by experimentally determined stress‐strain relationships of 3 layers. With respect to the macroscale and microscale SPH models for non‐Newtonian viscous fluid, the previous observation results of interstitial fluid and proteoglycan were used to perform parameter identifications. Biphasic multiscale FE and SPH analyses were conducted under normal walking conditions. Therefore, the hydrostatic and shear stresses occurring in the chondrocytes caused by the compressive load and shear viscous flow were evaluated. These stresses will be used to design an ex‐vivo bioreactor to regenerate the damaged articular cartilage, where chondrocytes are seeded in the culture chamber. To know the stress occurred on and in the chondrocytes is vitally important not only to understand the normal metabolic activity of the chondrocyte but also to develop a bioreactor of articular cartilage regeneration as the knee joint disease treatment.
Privacy‐ensuring electronic health records in the cloud
Authors: Souza S. M. P. C. , Gonçalves R. F. , Leonova E. , Puttini R. S. , Nascimento A. C. A. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryDespite the evident benefits of the access to virtually unlimited computational resources in cloud environments, enterprises and researchers still face upending challenges when deploying applications that deal with sensitive information to the cloud. That is specially true for medical or tax records, for which there are strong legal restrictions to data escrow. In these cases one must be certain that a third party, such as the cloud provider, will never have access to the data. This work presents a solid access control framework that uses hybrid cryptography at client‐side and a two‐factor authentication technique to guarantee a secure key management protocol. We also demonstrate the use of homomorphic and order‐preserving encryption as a viable solution for the computation of regular searches over electronic health records in the cloud, while preserving the confidentiality of clinical data and the privacy of patients, even in the face of a semi‐honest, or “honest, but curious,” cloud provider. We introduce a trusted element, a browser extension, to prevent attacks from malicious cloud providers. The result is evaluated through a full‐featured prototype that manages health records modeled with a few OpenEHR archetypes. The prototype can be easily extended to handle any data structure modeled with OpenEHR.