bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operability
Limits of Tubular Injectors With Vortex Generators for a Hydrogen-Fueled Recuperated 100 kW Class
Gas Turbine
Authors: Bauer Stefan , Hampel Balbina , Sattelmayer Thomas 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Vortex generators are known to be effective in augmenting the mixing of fuel jets with air. The configuration investigated in this study is a tubular air passage with fuel injection from one single orifice placed in the side wall. In the range of typical gas turbine combustor inlet temperatures, the performance vortex generator premixers (VGPs) have already been investigated for natural gas as well as for blends of natural gas and hydrogen. However, for highly reactive fuels, the application of VGPs in recuperated gas turbines is particularly challenging because the high combustor inlet temperature leads to potential risk with regard to premature self-ignition and flame flashback. As the current knowledge does not cover the temperature range far above the self-ignition temperature, an experimental investigation of the operational limits of VGPs is currently being conducted at the Thermodynamics Institute of the Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany, which is particularly focused on reactive fuels and the thermodynamic conditions present in recuperated gas turbines with pressure ratios of 4–5. For the study presented in this paper, an atmospheric combustion VGP test rig has been designed, which facilitates investigations in a wide range of operating conditions in order to comply with the situation in recuperated microgas turbines (MGT), namely, global equivalence ratios between 0.2 and 0.7, air preheating temperatures between 288 K and 1100 K, and air bulk flow rates between 6 and 16 g/s. Both the entire mixing zone in the VGP and the primary combustion zone of the test rig are optically accessible. High-speed OH* chemiluminescence imaging is used for the detection of the flashback and blow-off limits of the investigated VGPs. Flashback and blow-off limits of hydrogen in a wide temperature range covering the autoignition regime are presented, addressing the influences of equivalence ratio, air preheating temperature, and momentum ratio between air and hydrogen on the operational limits in terms of bulk flow velocity. It is shown that flashback and blow-off limits are increasingly influenced by autoignition in the ultrahigh temperature regime.
Complete Annotated Genome Sequences of Three Campylobacter jejuni Strains Isolated from Naturally Colonized Farm-Raised Chickens
Authors: Taveirne Michael E. , Dunham Drew T. , Perault Andrew , Beauchamp Jessica M. , Huynh Steven , Parker Craig T. , DiRita Victor J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter jejuni
is a leading cause of bacterially derived foodborne illness. Human illness is commonly associated with the handling and consumption of contaminated poultry products. Three
C. jejuni
strains were isolated from cecal contents of three different naturally colonized farm-raised chickens. The complete genomes of these three isolates are presented here.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Acinetobacter
sp. Strain NCu2D-2 Isolated from a Mouse
Authors: Blaschke Ulrike , Wilharm Gottfried 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Whole-genome sequencing of
Acinetobacter
sp. strain NCu2D-2, isolated from the trachea of a mouse, revealed the presence of a plasmid of 309,964 bp with little overall similarity to known plasmids and enriched in insertion sequences (ISs) closely related to IS elements known from the nosocomial pathogen
Acinetobacter baumannii
.
Genome Sequence of the Symbiotic Type Strain Rhizobium tibeticum CCBAU85039
T
Authors: Torres Tejerizo Gonzalo , Wibberg Daniel , Winkler Anika , Ormeño-Orrillo Ernesto , Martínez-Romero Esperanza , Niehaus Karsten , Pühler Alfred , Kalinowski Jörn , Lagares Antonio , Schlüter Andreas , Pistorio Mariano 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Rhizobium tibeticum
was originally isolated from root nodules of
Trigonella archiducis-nicolai
grown in Tibet, China. This species is also able to nodulate
Medicago sativa
and
Phaseolus vulgaris
. The whole-genome sequence of the type strain,
R. tibeticum
CCBAU85039
T
, is reported in this study.
Complete and Assembled Genome Sequence of
Vagococcus teuberi
DSM 21459
T
, a Novel Species Isolated from Fermented Cow Milk in Mali
Authors: Stevens Marc J. A. , Inglin Raffael C. , Meile Leo 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

The genome of
Vagococcus teuberi
DSM 21459
T
, a strain isolated from Malian fermented milk, was sequenced using single-molecule real-time sequencing. The genome of
V. teuberi
DSM 21459
T
is the first sequenced genome of this novel species and the second genome among the genus
Vagococcus
.
Draft Genome Sequence of Plant Growth–Promoting Micrococcus luteus Strain K39 Isolated from
Cyperus conglomeratus
in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Lafi Feras F. , Ramirez-Prado Juan S. , Alam Intikhab , Bajic Vladimir B. , Hirt Heribert , Saad Maged M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Micrococcus luteus
strain K39 is an endophyte bacterium isolated from roots of the desert plant
Cyperus conglomeratus
collected from the Red Sea shore, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. The draft genome sequence of strain K39 revealed a number of enzymes involved in salinity and oxidative stress tolerance or having herbicide-resistance activity.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria—Overview
Authors: Koh Won-Jung 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging pathogens that affect both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. The development of molecular methods has allowed the characterization of new species and the identification of NTM to the precise species and subspecies levels. The incidence and prevalence of NTM lung disease are increasing worldwide, and this syndrome accounts for the majority of clinical cases of NTM disease. Common causative organisms of pulmonary infection are the slowly growing mycobacteria
Mycobacterium avium
complex and
Mycobacterium kansasii
and the rapidly growing mycobacteria, including
Mycobacterium abscessus
complex. NTM lung disease often affects elderly people with chronic lung disease and may be a manifestation of a complex genetic disorder determined by interactions among multiple genes, as well as environmental exposures. To be diagnosed with NTM lung disease, patients should meet all clinical and microbiologic criteria, but the decision to start treatment is complex, requiring careful individualized analysis of risks and benefits. Clinicians should be alert to the unique aspects of NTM lung disease, including the need for proper diagnosis, the availability of advanced molecular methods for species and subspecies identification, and the benefits and limitations of recommended treatments.
Can endothelial hemoglobin-α regulate nitric oxide vasodilatory signaling?
Authors: Parikh Jaimit , Kapela Adam , Tsoukias Nikolaos M. 
Published: January 2017

We used mathematical modeling to investigate nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilatory signaling in the arteriolar wall. Detailed continuum cellular models of calcium (Ca2+) dynamics and membrane electrophysiology in smooth muscle and endothelial cells (EC) were coupled with models of NO signaling and biotransport in an arteriole. We used this theoretical approach to examine the role of endothelial hemoglobin-α (Hbα) as a modulator of NO-mediated myoendothelial feedback, as previously suggested in Straub et al. ( Nature 491: 473–477, 2012). The model considers enriched expression of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme, Ca2+-activated potassium (KCa) channels and Hbα in myoendothelial projections (MPs) between the two cell layers. The model suggests that NO-mediated myoendothelial feedback is plausible if a significant percentage of eNOS is localized within or near the myoendothelial projection. Model results show that the ability of Hbα to regulate the myoendothelial feedback is conditional to its colocalization with eNOS near MPs at concentrations in the high nanomolar range (>0.2 μM or 24,000 molecules). Simulations also show that the effect of Hbα observed in in vitro experimental studies may overestimate its contribution in vivo, in the presence of blood perfusion. Thus, additional experimentation is required to quantify the presence and spatial distribution of Hbα in the EC, as well as to test that the strong effect of Hbα on NO signaling seen in vitro, translates also into a physiologically relevant response in vivo. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mathematical modeling shows that although regulation of nitric oxide signaling by hemoglobin-α (Hbα) is plausible, it is conditional to its presence in significant concentrations colocalized with endothelial nitric oxide synthase in myoendothelial projections. Additional experimentation is required to test that the strong effect of Hbα seen in vitro translates into a physiologically relevant response in vivo
Blockade of CaMKII depresses conduction preferentially in the right ventricular outflow tract and promotes ischemic ventricular fibrillation in the rabbit heart
Authors: Warren Mark , Sciuto Katie J. , Taylor Tyson G. , Garg Vivek , Torres Natalia S. , Shibayama Junko , Spitzer Kenneth W. , Zaitsev Alexey V. 
Published: January 2017

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) regulates the principle ion channels mediating cardiac excitability and conduction, but how this regulation translates to the normal and ischemic heart remains unknown. Diverging results on CaMKII regulation of Na+ channels further prevent predicting how CaMKII activity regulates excitability and conduction in the intact heart. To address this deficiency, we tested the effects of the CaMKII blocker KN93 (1 and 2.75 μM) and its inactive analog KN92 (2.75 μM) on conduction and excitability in the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles of rabbit hearts during normal perfusion and global ischemia. We used optical mapping to determine local conduction delays and the optical action potential (OAP) upstroke velocity (d V/d tmax). At baseline, local conduction delays were similar between RV and LV, whereas the OAP d V/d tmax was lower in RV than in LV. At 2.75 μM, KN93 heterogeneously slowed conduction and reduced d V/d tmax, with the largest effect in the RV outflow tract (RVOT). This effect was further exacerbated by ischemia, leading to recurrent conduction block in the RVOT and early ventricular fibrillation (at 6.7 ± 0.9 vs. 18.2 ± 0.8 min of ischemia in control, P < 0.0001). Neither KN92 nor 1 μM KN93 depressed OAP d V/d tmax or conduction. Rabbit cardiomyocytes isolated from RVOT exhibited a significantly lower d V/d tmax than those isolated from the LV. KN93 (2.75 μM) significantly reduced d V/d tmax in cells from both locations. This led to frequency-dependent intermittent activation failure occurring predominantly in RVOT cells. Thus CaMKII blockade exacerbates intrinsically lower excitability in the RVOT, which is proarrhythmic during ischemia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) blockade exacerbates intrinsically lower excitability in the right ventricular outflow tract, which causes highly nonuniform chamber-specific slowing of conduction and facilitates ventricular fibrillation during ischemia. Constitutive CaMKII activity is necessary for uniform and safe ventricular conduction, and CaMKII block is potentially proarrhythmic.
Alterations in the Immune Cell Composition in Premalignant Breast Tissue that Precede Breast Cancer Development
Authors: Degnim Amy C. , Hoskin Tanya L. , Arshad Muhammad , Frost Marlene H. , Winham Stacey J. , Brahmbhatt Rushin A. , Pena Alvaro , Carter Jodi M. , Stallings-Mann Melody L. , Murphy Linda M. , Miller Erin E. , Denison Lori A. , Vachon Celine M. , Knutson Keith L. , Radisky Derek C. , Visscher Daniel W. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Little is known about the role of the immune system in the earliest stages of breast carcinogenesis. We studied quantitative differences in immune cell types between breast tissues from normal donors and those from women with benign breast disease (BBD).
Experimental Design: A breast tissue matched case–control study was created from donors to the Susan G. Komen for the Cure Tissue Bank (KTB) and from women diagnosed with BBD at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) who either subsequently developed cancer (BBD cases) or remained cancer-free (BBD controls). Serial tissue sections underwent immunostaining and digital quantification of cell number per mm2 for CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, and CD68+ macrophages and quantification of positive pixel measure for CD11c (dendritic cells).
Results: In 94 age-matched triplets, BBD lobules showed greater densities of CD8+ T cells, CD11c+ dendritic cells, CD20+ B cells, and CD68+ macrophages compared with KTB normals. Relative to BBD controls, BBD cases had lower CD20+ cell density (P = 0.04). Nearly 42% of BBD cases had no CD20+ B cells in evaluated lobules compared with 28% of BBD controls (P = 0.02). The absence of CD20+ cells versus the presence in all lobules showed an adjusted OR of 5.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.4–23.1) for subsequent breast cancer risk.
Conclusions: Elevated infiltration of both innate and adaptive immune effectors in BBD tissues suggests an immunogenic microenvironment. The reduced B-cell infiltration in women with later breast cancer suggests a role for B cells in preventing disease progression and as a possible biomarker for breast cancer risk. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3945–52. ©2017 AACR.
Fiber Disruption of Betung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) by Combined Fungal and Microwave Pretreatment
Authors: Fatriasari Widya , Syafii Wasrin , Wistara Nyoman , Syamsu Khaswar , Prasetya Bambang , Anita S Heris , Risanto Lucky 
Published: January 2017

Combined fungal and microwave pretreatment is an attractive method to alter carbohydrate and lignin structure of lignocellulosic materials for improving hydrolysis process in order to convert these lignocellulosic materials to bioethanol. This study was conducted to obtain the information on the characteristic changes of cellulose and lignin after combined biologicaland microwave pretreatment of Betung Bamboo. Based on our previous research, incubation for 30 days both for 5 and 10% liquid-inoculum loading of white rot fungi, Trametes versicolor, was chosen as the fungal pretreatment prior to microwave pretreatment at 30% power level for 5, 10 and 12.5 minutes. The evaluation of characteristic changes after combined pretreatment was performed using the analysis of FT-IR spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction and SEM.FTIR spectra demonstrated that the combined pretreatment only affected the decrease of intensity bands of FTIR spectra with increasing microwave irradiation time, without any changes in the functional groups.This band intensity decrease occured on unconjugated bonds of carbohydrate peaked at 1736 (C=0 in xylan), 1373 (C-H deformation in cellulose and hemicellulose), 1165 (C-O-C vibration in cellulose and hemicellulose), and 895 (C-H deformation or C-O-C stretching at Î²-glicosidic linkage characteristic in cellulose) cm-1. The pretreatment decreased the hydrogen bond stretching of cellulose and the linkage between lignin and carbohydrate. This decrease of hydrogen bond was associated with crystallinity of bamboo cellulose,ilustrated by occurring structural changes.Â Syringil propane units were more soluble than guiacyl moieties.Â The crystallinity of cellulose tended to increase slightly due to the cleavage of the amorphous fraction. SEM images illustrated that the pretreatment disrupted the fiber structure while the longer microwave irradiation, the greater fiber degradation level. Prolonging microwave irradiation on 5% inoculum loading decreased lignin degrading ability. Crystalline allomorph of 5% inoculum loading for 10 minutes showed that IÎ² (triclinic) structure of cellulose has transformed into monoclinic (IÎ±) structure.Key words: betung bamboo, combined biological andmicrowave pretreatment, cellulose and lignin changes, FTIR, SEM, XRD
Effect of Substrate Moisture Content and Invasive Grass Competition on Native Fig (Ficus fistulosa) Seedling Recruitment in Limestone Quarries
Authors: Satyanti Annisa 
Published: January 2017

Challenges for restoration of degraded habitats on quarried limestone present in many countries including Indonesia. Ficus fistulosa as native species was chosen as a study species in the study of quarry restoration, as this species was shown in the previous study to have high importance value in Ciampea limestone forest in Bogor, West Java. To identify the effect of substrate moisture and competition from exotic Pennisetum grass to limestone restoration using native Ficus, we set up an experiment in the green house. Ficus above and belowground biomass were reduced because of the presence of Pennisetum grass and was affected by substrate moisture. Ficus biomass growth apparently was not favoured by higher irrigation. However, lower rate of irrigation led to the lower biomass of grass, meaning a lower competition from grass. On the other hand, it was apparent that the interaction of substrate moisture and presence of competition from grass reduced Ficus aboveground as well as belowground biomass. Furthermore, competition with grass was significantly reduced seedlingâ€™s leaf and length. Nevertheless, the interaction effect of substrate moisture and competition did not lead to the reduction of Ficus seedlingâ€™s leaf and length. Â Â
Biomass and Carbon Stock Estimation Inventory of Indonesian Bananas (Musa spp.) and Its Potential Role for Land Rehabilitation
Authors: Danarto Setyawan Agung , Hapsari Lia 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBananas (Musa spp.) are widely cultivated in Indonesia. They are extensively grown in backyards, homegardens, intercropped with short term crops and also in agroforestry system. Potential role of bananas to absorb and store Carbon related to climate change mitigation is rarely studied. An inventory of biomass and C-stock estimation on banana accessions has been conducted in Musa germplasm plots - Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Pasuruan. 42individual banana accessions has been estimated its biomass and C-stock comprises of 5 wild types and 37 cultivars. Biomass estimated using non-destructive method ie. allometric equation for banana by measuring its mature stage pseudostem diameter at breast height (dbh).Â C-stockwas estimated by crossing its biomass to averaged value of banana C-stock 0,46.The results showed that the biomass and C-stock estimation level were in positive correlations with its plants pseudostem dbH. The conclusions of these research that Kepok Bung cultivar has the highest level of estimated biomass and Carbon stock about 15, 02 kg/plant and 6, 92 kg C/plant and then cultivars with range averaged C-stock between 3,5 â€“ 3,9 kg C/plant (higher level) are Tlekung, Baflo, and Cici. Musa balbisiana species contributes higher level of biomass andÂ C-stock estimationÂ than Musa acuminata species.Keywords: Banana, biomass, carbon stock (C-stock), estimation, Musa, non- destructive, Purwodadi Botanic GardenÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
Fungal Infection and Aflatoxin Contamination in Stored Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Kernels at Various Stages of Delivery Chain in North Sulawesi Province
Authors: Dharmaputra Okky S. , Ambarwati Santi , Retnowati Ina , Nurfadila Nijma 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTNutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) or fragrant nutmeg is an important commodity that has been used in food industry and medicine, hence its quality should be monitored. The objectives of the research were to obtain informations on the postharvest handling of nutmeg conducted by farmers, collectors and exporters in North Sulawesi province and to investigate the occurrence of fungi (included A. flavus) and aflatoxin contamination in stored nutmeg collected from farmers, collectors and exporters in North Sulawesi province. Moisture content and percentage of damaged kernels were also investigated, because they affect fungal infection. Surveys and obtaining samples of nutmeg in different points of the delivery chain were done in April and May 2013, in three regencies (North Minahasa, Siau Tagulandang Biaro (Sitaro) and Sangihe Talaud) and two cities (Bitung and Manado). Interviews were conducted during the surveys to collect informations on the postharvest handling of nutmeg in different points of the delivery chain. The total number of nutmeg samples collected from different point of the delivery chain was 76. It consisted of samples collected from farmers (25 samples), collectors (22), and exporters (29). The results showed that in general, the moisture content of nutmeg collected from North Sulawesi province was not higher than the maximum limit of moisture content determineted by SNI (10%). In general, nutmeg collected from farmers and collectors had high percentage of damaged kernels. Aspergillus niger and Endomyces fibuliger were the dominant fungi infecting nutmeg collected from farmers and collectors, while Eurotium repens was the dominant fungus infecting nutmeg collected from exporters. Aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin contents in nutmeg collected from farmers and exporters were relatively high. Based on the results of this study, the method of postharvest handling of nutmeg conducted by farmers, collectors and exporters in North Sulawesi province (North Minahasa, Sitaro andÂ Sangihe Talaud regencies, Bitung and Manado cities) should be improved to minimize aflatoxin contamination.Â Keywords : aflatoxin, fungi, Myristica fragrans Houtt., nutmeg, North Sulawesi province,Â delivery chainÂ
Role of Insulin-Stimulated Adipose Tissue Perfusion in the Development of Whole-Body Insulin Resistance
Authors: Emanuel Anna L. , Meijer Rick I. , Muskiet Marcel H.A. , van Raalte Daniël H. , Eringa Etto C. , Serné Erik H. 
Published: January 2017

After food ingestion, macronutrients are transported to and stored in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. They can be subsequently used as an energy source in times of energy deprivation. Uptake of these nutrients in myocytes and adipocytes depends largely on adequate tissue perfusion. Interestingly, insulin is able to dilate skeletal muscle arterioles, which facilitates the delivery of macronutrients and insulin itself to muscle tissue. Insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle perfusion is impaired in several insulin-resistant states and is believed to contribute to impaired skeletal muscle glucose uptake and consequently impaired whole-body glucose disposal. Insulin-resistant individuals also exhibit blunted postprandial adipose tissue perfusion. However, the relevance of this impairment to metabolic dysregulation is less clear. In this review, we provide an overview of adipose tissue perfusion in healthy and insulin-resistant individuals, its regulation among others by insulin, and the possible influences of impaired adipose tissue perfusion on whole-body insulin sensitivity. Finally, we propose a novel hypothesis that acute overfeeding impacts distribution of macronutrients by reducing skeletal muscle perfusion, while adipose tissue perfusion remains intact.

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