bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A lateral tarsorrhaphy with forehead hitch to pre-empt and treat burns ectropion with a contextual review of burns ectropion management
Authors: Lymperopoulos Nikolaos S , Jordan Daniel J , Jeevan Ranjeet , Shokrollahi Kayvan 
Published: April 2016

[Formula: see text] Introduction: Facial burns around the eyes and eyelid ectropion can lead to corneal exposure, irritation, dryness, epiphora, infection or visual loss. We undertook a review of the published articles describing management of eyelid burns as well as methods to treat or prevent ectropion. We describe early experience of a surgical technique that we have found to mitigate ectropion in facial burns with peri-ocular involvement. Materials and methods: Two illustrative cases with our surgical technique is described from our experience of three cases. We reviewed the literature using the PubMed and EMBASE databases using the search terms ‘burn’ and ‘ectropion’. Results: The literature review produced a total of 17 relevant papers. Treatment options for eyelid burns were varied and were invariably level 4 or 5 evidence. Various techniques were used to treat eyelid burns including the use of a full thickness skin graft with or without concurrent scar contracture release but also use of a local flap reconstruction with or without a tissue expander or release of the underlying muscle. Other techniques included canthoplasty, Z-plasty, forehead flaps, fat transfer, and tarsorrhaphy with full thickness skin grafting. In general, the focus of articles was therapeutic and reconstructive rather than pre-emptive/preventative management. Procedure: We describe our early experience of a novel technique for temporary lateral tarsorrhaphy with forehead hitch which protexts the globe and counters the scar- and gravity-related ectropic effects on the lower eyelids. Discussion: Facial burns pose a difficult problem to the burn surgeon, especially when the eyelids are affected, both directly or indirectly. The optimal surgical management of eyelid burns remains unclear and the literature base lies mainly in the domain of case series. We review the literature on this subject and tabulate our findings and also describe our contribution to this area with a method of lateral and lower lid elevator that we have found valuable.
An analysis of surgical and anaesthetic factors affecting skin graft viability in patients admitted to a Burns Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Isitt Catherine E , McCloskey Kayleigh A , Caballo Alvaro , Sharma Pranev , Williams Andrew , Leon-Villapalos Jorge , Vizcaychipi Marcela P 
Published: April 2016

[Formula: see text] Objectives: Skin graft failure is a recognised complication in the treatment of major burns. Little research to date has analysed the impact of the complex physiological management of burns patients on the success of skin grafting. We analysed surgical and anaesthetic variables to identify factors contributing to graft failure. Methods: Inclusion criteria were admission to our Burns Intensive Care Unit (BICU) between January 2009 and October 2013 with a major burn. After exclusion for death before hospital discharge or prior skin graft at a different hospital, 35 patients remained and were divided into those with successful autografts (n=16) and those with a failed autograft (n=19). For the purposes of this study, we defined poor autograft viability as requiring at least one additional skin graft to the same site. Logistic regression of variables was performed using SPSS (Version 22.0 IBMTM). Results: Age, Sex, %Total Burn Surface Area or Belgian Outcome Burns Injury score did not significantly differ between groups. No differences were found in any surgical factor at logistic regression (graft site, harvest site, infection etc.). When all operations were analysed, the use of colloids was found to be significantly associated with graft failure (p=0.035, CI 95%) and this remained significant when only split thickness skin grafts (STSGs) and debridement operations were included (p=0.034, CI 95%). No differences were found in crystalloid use, intraoperative temperature, pre-operative haemoglobin and blood products or vasopressor use. Conclusions: This analysis highlights an independent association between colloids and graft failure which has not been previously documented.
Lasers and ancillary treatments for scar management: personal experience over two decades and contextual review of the literature. Part I: Burn scars
Authors: McGoldrick Rory B , Sawyer Adam , Davis Christopher R , Theodorakopoulou Evgenia , Murison Maxwell 
Published: April 2016

[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] The formation of a wide range of excessive scars following various skin injuries is a natural consequence of healing. Scars resulting from surgery or trauma affect approximately 100 million people per annum in the developed world and can have profound physical, aesthetic, psychological and social consequences. Thus, scar treatment is a priority for the plastic surgeon. We aim to explore new approaches to the management of such scarring. The senior authors current use of laser technology, chemotherapeutic agents, pharmacotherapy and cryosurgery will be reviewed. This is placed in the context of the current literature and evidence base and is illustrated with case studies, starting with burns scars in part I, and focusing on keloid and hypertrophic scars in part II, acne scars in part III and finally pigmented scars in part IV. In Part I we focus on burns scar treatment with fractional ablative 10,600 nm wavelength carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy.
How I treat patients with inherited bleeding disorders who need anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Martin Karlyn , Key Nigel S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSituations that ordinarily necessitate consideration of anticoagulation, such as arterial and venous thrombotic events and prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation, become challenging in patients with inherited bleeding disorders such as hemophilia A, hemophilia B, and von Willebrand disease. There are no evidence-based guidelines to direct therapy in these patients, and management strategies that incorporate anticoagulation must weigh a treatment that carries a risk of hemorrhage in a patient who is already at heightened risk against the potential consequences of not treating the thrombotic event. In this paper, we review atherothrombotic disease, venous thrombotic disease, and atrial fibrillation in patients with inherited bleeding disorders, and discuss strategies for using anticoagulants in this population using cases to illustrate these considerations.
Fixed point results in $C^{*}$-algebra-valued metric spaces are direct consequences of their standard metric counterparts
Authors: Kadelburg Zoran , Radenović Stojan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractVery recently, Ma et al. (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2014:206, 2014) introduced $C^{*}$

C
∗

-algebra-valued metric spaces as a new concept. Also, Ma and Jiang (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2015:222, 2015), generalizing this concept, introduced $C^{*}$

C
∗

-algebra-valued b-metric spaces. In both frameworks, these and other authors proved some fixed point results. We show in this paper that all these results (as well as many others) can be directly obtained as consequences of their standard metric or b-metric counterparts.
Systemic delivery of IL-27 by an adeno-associated viral vector inhibits T cell-mediated colitis and induces multiple inhibitory pathways in T cells
Authors: Zhu Xiaotong , Liu Zhihao , Liu Jin-Qing , Zhu Jianmin , Zhang Jianchao , Davis Jonathan P , Chu Jianhong , Yu Jianhua , Zhou Jie , Li Ming-Song , Bai Xue-Feng 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
IL-27 is a heterodimeric cytokine that is composed of two subunits, i.e., EBV-induced gene 3 and IL-27p28 (also known as IL-30). Although the role of endogenous IL-27 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune colitis, an experimental model of human inflammatory bowel disease, remains controversial, IL-27 local delivery has been shown to inhibit autoimmune colitis. IL-30 has been shown to inhibit Th1 and Th17 responses and is considered a potential therapeutic for certain autoimmune diseases. In this study, we have compared the therapeutic efficacy of adeno-associated viral vector-delivered IL-27 and IL-30 in a murine model of autoimmune colitis. We found that 1 single administration of adeno-associated viral vector-delivered IL-27, but not adeno-associated viral vector-delivered IL-30, nearly completely inhibited autoimmune colitis. Adeno-associated viral vector-delivered IL-27 administration inhibited Th17 responses and induced T cell expression of IL-10, programmed death ligand 1, and stem cell antigen 1. Intriguingly, adeno-associated viral vector-delivered IL-27 treatment enhanced Th1 responses and inhibited regulatory T cell responses. Experiments involving the adoptive transfer of IL-10-deficient T cells revealed that adeno-associated viral vector-delivered IL-27-induced IL-10 production was insufficient to mediate inhibition of autoimmune colitis, whereas anti-programmed death 1 antibody treatment resulted in the breaking of adeno-associated viral vector-delivered IL-27-induced T cell tolerance. Thus, systemic delivery of IL-27 inhibits Th17 responses and induces multiple inhibitory pathways, including programmed death ligand 1 in T cells, and adeno-associated viral vector-delivered IL-27, but not IL-30, may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease.
Leprosy as a model to understand cancer immunosurveillance and T cell anergy
Authors: Park Andrew J , Rendini Tina , Martiniuk Frank , Levis William R 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLeprosy is a disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that presents on a spectrum of both clinical manifestations and T cell response. On one end of this spectrum, tuberculoid leprosy is a well-controlled disease, characterized by a cell-mediated immunity and immunosurveillance. On the opposite end of the spectrum, lepromatous leprosy is characterized by M. leprae proliferation and T cell anergy. Similar to progressive tumor cells, M. leprae escapes immunosurveillance in more severe forms of leprosy. The mechanisms by which M. leprae is able to evade the host immune response involve many, including the alterations of lipid droplets, microRNA, and Schwann cells, and involve the regulation of immune regulators, such as the negative checkpoint regulators CTLA-4, programmed death 1, and V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation—important targets in today’s cancer immunotherapies. The means by which tumor cells become able to escape immunosurveillance through negative checkpoint regulators are evidenced by the successes of treatments, such as nivolumab and ipilimumab. Many parallels can be drawn between the immune responses seen in leprosy and cancer. Therefore, the understanding of how M. leprae encourages immune escape during proliferative disease states has potential to add to our understanding of cancer immunotherapy.
Applying Latent Class Analysis to Risk Stratification for Perioperative Mortality in Patients Undergoing Intraabdominal General Surgery
Authors: Kim Minjae , Wall Melanie M. , Li Guohua 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:
Perioperative risk stratification is often performed using individual risk factors without consideration of the syndemic of these risk factors. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify the classes of comorbidities and risk factors associated with perioperative mortality in patients presenting for intraabdominal general surgery.

METHODS:
The 2005 to 2010 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was used to obtain a cohort of patients undergoing intraabdominal general surgery. Risk factors and comorbidities were entered into LCA models to identify the latent classes, and individuals were assigned to a class based on the highest posterior probability of class membership. Relative risk regression was used to determine the associations between the latent classes and 30-day mortality, with adjustments for procedure.

RESULTS:
A 9-class model was fit using LCA on 466,177 observations. After combining classes with similar adjusted mortality risks, 5 risk classes were obtained. Compared with the class with average mortality risk (class 4), the risk ratios (95% confidence interval) ranged from 0.020 (0.014–0.027) in the lowest risk class (class 1) to 6.75 (6.46–7.02) in the highest risk class. After adjusting for procedure and ASA physical status, the latent classes remained significantly associated with 30-day mortality. The addition of the risk class variable to a model containing ASA physical status and surgical procedure demonstrated a significant increase in the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (0.892 vs 0.915; P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Latent classes of risk factors and comorbidities in patients undergoing intraabdominal surgery are predictive of 30-day mortality independent of the ASA physical status and improve risk prediction with the ASA physical status.
A Novel Apparatus for Obtaining In Situ Estimates of Anisotropism Hydraulic Conductivity in Fractured Rocks
Authors: Zhou Zhifang , Zhao Yanrong , Wang Jinguo , Zheng Hu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The transmissivity of fractured rocks is the essential data of groundwater resource assessment, groundwater pollution prediction, and the seepage controlling underground project in the consolidated rock regions. However, most of the current experimental methods only provide the macroscopic hydraulic conductivity and the cost is very high. In this paper, a new apparatus is developed to detect the anisotropy of hydraulic conductivity in fractured rocks, which is called the Fractured Rocks Slug Testing (FRST) system. The FRST system consists of image orientation recognition equipment, the slug testing equipment, and a computer and data-acquisition console. The inside view of the testing well/borehole can be obtained by the imaging equipment. The occurrence of the fractures can be detected by the electronic compass. The other parameters like the water level displacement and pressure can also be collected during testing. Moreover, an example test was conducted in the fractured consolidated rock region to verify the effectiveness of the FRST apparatus.
Exploring Compaction Methods for Laboratory Performance of Full Depth Reclamation
Authors: Smith S. , Henrichs C. , Braham A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Full depth reclamation (FDR) is a pavement recycling technique that incorporates the entire pavement section to create a rehabilitated, stabilized pavement layer. This method is cost effective, environmentally friendly, and structurally viable. Unfortunately, there is some uncertainty regarding how this composite material is classified. In this study, the material characterization of FDR was explored by comparing the effect of different compaction methods on the optimum moisture content, optimum amount of foamed asphalt or asphalt emulsion, the tensile strength, and the stability of the mixture. The superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) is typically used for the compaction of HMA samples, and the Proctor hammer is the most common method of compaction for soil samples. In addition to comparing these two methods, different sized compaction molds and varying amounts of compactive effort were considered. Samples compacted with the modified Proctor hammer produced the highest dry unit weights. Although samples compacted in the SGC had higher tensile strengths. At optimum mixture proportions, moisture conditioned samples compacted with the modified proctor hammer did not reach the minimum tensile strength requirements.
Applications of Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) to Detect Hidden Beam Positions
Authors: Kilic Gokhan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) uses electromagnetic waves to investigate the structures. In this investigation method, an electromagnetic wave is transmitted using an antenna and the received signal is recorded. Detection of beam positions in this GPR data requires the skills of a trained human operator. This study utilized a multi-layer neural network to detect beam positions in the GPR data. The visual description and definition of GPR data has major disadvantages and a neural network has been studied to overcome these shortcomings. A set of 32,740 training vectors with a length of 64 data was implemented to train the neural network. A new set of 16,370 testing vectors with a length of 64 data was then prepared to test the performance. Testing results suggest that the neural network is promising methods for the detection of beam positions in the GPR data.
Development of Standard Fatigue Vehicle Force Models Based on Actual Traffic Data by Weigh-In-Motion System
Authors: Tian H. , Chang W. , Li F. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Fatigue damage caused by vehicle-induced forces is a critical factor that affects the safety and the longevity of steel box girder bridges. Accurate vehicle force models are essential for quantifying fatigue in the design and the evaluation of bridge structures. Vehicle forces are random and exhibit significant variations, so to accurately determine a statistical distribution, a large amount of information and measurements is required. In this study, vehicle traffic information gathered by a weigh-in-motion (WIM) system at the Xihoumen Bridge, an over-water suspension bridge in Zhoushan, China, was analyzed for data such as the vehicle type, the gross weight, the axle weight (force), and the wheelbase. New insights into the analysis of measured vehicle information to obtain vehicle fatigue forces required for numerical simulations were gained. In addition, methods to determine various important vehicle parameters such as gross and axle weights and wheelbase were described. These techniques can be used to determine vehicle-induced fatigue forces for bridge structures.
Predictive features of ligand‐specific signaling through the estrogen receptor
Authors: Nwachukwu Jerome C , Srinivasan Sathish , Zheng Yangfan , Wang Song , Min Jian , Dong Chune , Liao Zongquan , Nowak Jason , Wright Nicholas J , Houtman René , Carlson Kathryn E , Josan Jatinder S , Elemento Olivier , Katzenellenbogen John A , Zhou Hai‐Bing , Nettles Kendall W 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSome estrogen receptor‐α (ERα)‐targeted breast cancer therapies such as tamoxifen have tissue‐selective or cell‐specific activities, while others have similar activities in different cell types. To identify biophysical determinants of cell‐specific signaling and breast cancer cell proliferation, we synthesized 241 ERα ligands based on 19 chemical scaffolds, and compared ligand response using quantitative bioassays for canonical ERα activities and X‐ray crystallography. Ligands that regulate the dynamics and stability of the coactivator‐binding site in the C‐terminal ligand‐binding domain, called activation function‐2 (AF‐2), showed similar activity profiles in different cell types. Such ligands induced breast cancer cell proliferation in a manner that was predicted by the canonical recruitment of the coactivators NCOA1/2/3 and induction of the GREB1 proliferative gene. For some ligand series, a single inter‐atomic distance in the ligand‐binding domain predicted their proliferative effects. In contrast, the N‐terminal coactivator‐binding site, activation function‐1 (AF‐1), determined cell‐specific signaling induced by ligands that used alternate mechanisms to control cell proliferation. Thus, incorporating systems structural analyses with quantitative chemical biology reveals how ligands can achieve distinct allosteric signaling outcomes through ERα.
Posmodernidad. Elementos sociales vinculados con los jóvenes
Authors: Tahull Fort Joan Antonio , Molina Luque Fidel , Montero Iolanda 
Published: April 2016

<p>Actualmente estamos instalados en la Posmodernidad. Este periodo se caracteriza por la complejidad, el desorden, las dificultades, las incertidumbres… Estos elementos están incrustados en toda la estructura social y cultural y no pueden reducirse a un ámbito específico. La realidad social no se presenta en compartimentos estancos, sino que todos los sectores están estrechamente relacionados. También los jóvenes reciben una influencia importante del entorno, y es este hecho en particular el que aborda este artículo, en orden a evidenciar el contexto y lo periférico que determina la identidad de los jóvenes. Sin presentarlo de forma directa, nos iremos acercando progresivamente al objeto de estudio, en relación con el cual se precisan algunos acontecimientos históricos relevantes y los elementos teóricos necesarios para comprender las transformaciones acaecidas. Esta información aparentemente tangencial se hace imprescindible para entender los procesos sociales seguidos de los últimos años.</p>
Formación, cultura e imagen
Authors: Parra Rozo Omar Antonio , Díaz Pérez Vianney Rocío , Barrios Tao Hernando 
Published: April 2016

<p>El contexto de enseñanza y aprendizaje supone abordar los temas que brinda el medio y llevan a que el profesor se sitúe en un plano desde el cual pueda entender el discurso del estudiante y generar nuevas didácticas para la formación de un pensamiento crítico. Atreverse a utilizar un lenguaje paralelo a la palabra, como la imagen, exige una planeación y una inserción en un referente que luego será analizado, criticado y aceptado o rechazado por el estudiante. Este artículo se ubica en el ámbito del método hermenéutico analógico, en tanto acude a una revisión literaria y a una interpretación del concepto de cultura y de mediación práctica desde las formas de expresión narrativa dadas por la imagen, en particular el cine, y asume el sendero de la interpretación y de la contemplación hermenéutica de autores representativos para brindar un mensaje polisémico y un marco referencial con posibles aplicaciones prácticas en la formación de un sujeto hiperactivo e interactivo.</p>
Humanismo e formação (Bildung) em tempos de TICs: aproximações hermenêuticas
Authors: Schuck Rogério José 
Published: April 2016

<p>Os últimos 20 anos foram de enormes mudanças para a humanidade, impulsionadas sobretudo pelas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação –TICs–, afetando a vida em todas as dimensões. O texto busca investigar a questão do humanismo nesse contexto, discutindo a relação tempo e espaço para compreender como as TICs têm sido centrais na mudança de postura e de construção do conhecimento. Seguindo a perspectiva da hermenêutica filosófica, de modo especial nas trilhas abertas por Hans-Georg Gadamer, o conceito apropriação da tradição e aproximações com o conceito formação (Bildung) abrem perspectivas para a discussão pelas vias da hermenêutica filosófica. De que modo está se dando a formação (humanística, intelectual, social) dentro desse contexto? Qual o espaço possível ao humanismo diante de um cenário extremamente complexo e plural, permeado pelas TICs? Em que sentido as TICs contribuem ou não para (re)pensarmos a questão da postura humana frente ao saber? São questões deveras complexas e que exigem mediações (que nos deem) (na busca por) algumas pistas em pro de respostas, mesmo que ainda abertas.</p>
Cristo desnudo en la cruz: el problemático comienzo de dicha representación
Authors: Osorio Arango John Jairo 
Published: April 2016

<p>Para nada fácil que las primeras comunidades cristianas llegaran con resolución a la representación del patíbulo en el cual fuera (aparentemente) derrotado el Hijo de Dios. El tema de la ejecución (condenación y maldición) sumado al problema plástico (proclive a la idolatría), parecen explicar la tardanza de llegar a ese primer intento de un crucificado que encontraremos solo hasta el siglo IV-V. Poco después se da la respuesta teológica que pretendía superar la problemática herejía que negaba o separaba la condición divina de la humana y otro tanto después el papel devocional, espiritual y (si se lo quiere) litúrgico de dichas representaciones. Pero mucho antes del Renacimiento Humanista del siglo XV ya el franciscanismo del siglo XIII habría hecho de esta temática, con un particular velo de pureza, una feliz y primera gramática del todo significativa y tanto más única para la revelación así como para esta estética.</p>