bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obusite, Shell Shock, parkinson de guerre, la découverte d’une nouvelle clinique durant la 1e guerre mondiale
Authors: Marcel E. 
Published: November 2015

La synthèse en 1863 du trinitrotoluène et son introduction en 1902 dans les obus d’artillerie a marqué une étape dans les techniques de combats. La première guerre mondiale avec ses bombardements intensifs des soldats dans les tranchées a vu l’apparition d’une symptomatologie jusque-là inconnue et nommée par exemple en Grande Bretagne : Not YET Diagnosed, Neurology (NYDN). Ces troubles vont être présents dans toutes les armées du conflit. L’étiologie de ces troubles, relativement protéiforme dans leur présentation, posa de posternombreuses questions entre les tenants de l’organicité et ceux de la psychée, voire de la simulation avec des traitements parfois à la limite de la torture. Les termes utilisés : « les pythiatiques », l’« obusite », le « Shell shock » ; l’avatar moderne devenant le PTSD. Des étiologies neurologiques furent proposées dès 1915 mais sans suites immédiates. Plus récemment, des études contrôlées réalisées par l’US Army font cependant état d’un risque 2 fois plus important de développer une maladie de parkinson chez les vétérans de la WWII que la population contrôle non combattante. Une réhabilitation des pythiatiques de 1915 ?
Beyond Gold Reserve Inc. v Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela: The Host State’s Capacity to Regulate Extractive Activities in Light of Canadian Firms’ Experience in International Investment Treaty Arbitration
Authors: MARCOUX JEAN-MICHEL 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn a recent award involving Gold Reserve Inc., an international investment arbitral tribunal concluded that Venezuela had to pay compensation of US $713 million for violations of the fair and equitable treatment provision of an international investment agreement between Canada and Venezuela. This decision contrasts sharply with the outcome of other investment disputes concerning Canadian extractive companies. Relying on a detailed analysis of awards involving EnCana Corporation, Glamis Gold Ltd. and Vannessa Ventures Ltd., this article recalls that host states can take measures to increase the benefits and limit the negative impacts of extractive industries’ activities without breaching their obligations under international investment law.
A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial investigating the behavioural effects of vitamin, mineral and n-3 fatty acid supplementation in typically developing adolescent schoolchildren
Authors: Tammam Jonathan D. , Steinsaltz David , Bester D. W. , Semb-Andenaes Turid , Stein John F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNutrient deficiencies have been implicated in anti-social behaviour in schoolchildren; hence, correcting them may improve sociability. We therefore tested the effects of vitamin, mineral and n-3 supplementation on behaviour in a 12-week double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial in typically developing UK adolescents aged 13–16 years (n 196). Changes in erythrocyte n-3 and 6 fatty acids and some mineral and vitamin levels were measured and compared with behavioural changes, using Conners’ teacher ratings and school disciplinary records. At baseline, the children’s PUFA (n-3 and n-6), vitamin and mineral levels were low, but they improved significantly in the group treated with n-3, vitamins and minerals (P=0·0005). On the Conners disruptive behaviour scale, the group given the active supplements improved, whereas the placebo group worsened (F=5·555, d=0·35; P=0·02). The general level of disciplinary infringements was low, thus making it difficult to obtain improvements. However, throughout the school term school disciplinary infringements increased significantly (by 25 %; Bayes factor=115) in both the treated and untreated groups. However, when the subjects were split into high and low baseline infringements, the low subset increased their offences, whereas the high-misbehaviour subset appeared to improve after treatment. But it was not possible to determine whether this was merely a statistical artifact. Thus, when assessed using the validated and standardised Conners teacher tests (but less clearly when using school discipline records in a school where misbehaviour was infrequent), supplementary nutrition might have a protective effect against worsening behaviour.
Petrography and geochemistry of the siliciclastic Araba Formation (Cambrian), east Sinai, Egypt: implications for provenance, tectonic setting and source weathering
Authors: TAWFIK HOSSAM A. , GHANDOUR IBRAHIM M. , MAEJIMA WATARU , ARMSTRONG-ALTRIN JOHN S. , ABDEL-HAMEED ABDEL-MONEM T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCombined petrographic and geochemical methods are utilized to investigate the provenance, tectonic setting, palaeo-weathering and climatic conditions of the Cambrian Araba clastic sediments of NE Egypt. The ~ 60 m thick Araba Formation consists predominantly of sandstone and mudstone interbedded with conglomerate. Petrographically the Araba sandstones are mostly sub-mature and classified as subarkoses with an average framework composition of Q80F14L6. The framework components are dominated by monocrystalline quartz with subordinate K-feldspar, together with volcanic and granitic rock fragments. XRD analysis demonstrated that clay minerals comprise mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S), illite and smectite, with minor kaolinite. Diagenetic features of the sandstone include mechanical infiltration of clay, mechanical and chemical compaction, cementation, dissolution and replacement of feldspars by carbonate cements and clays. The modal composition and geochemical parameters (e.g. Cr/V, Y/Ni, Th/Co and Cr/Th ratios) of the sandstones and mudstones indicate that they were derived from felsic source rocks, probably from the crystalline basement of the northern fringe of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. The study reveals a collisional tectonic setting for the sediments of the Araba Formation. Palaeo-weathering indices such as the chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW) and plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) of the clastic sediments suggest that the source area was moderately chemically weathered. On the northern margin of Gondwana, early Palaeozoic weathering occurred under fluctuating climatic conditions.
Active camera stabilization to enhance the vision of agile legged robots
Authors: Bazeille Stéphane , Ortiz Jesus , Rovida Francesco , Camurri Marco , Meguenani Anis , Caldwell Darwin G. , Semini Claudio 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYLegged robots have the potential to navigate in more challenging terrains than wheeled robots. Unfortunately, their control is more demanding, because they have to deal with the common tasks of mapping and path planning as well as more specific issues of legged locomotion, like balancing and foothold planning. In this paper, we present the integration and the development of a stabilized vision system on the fully torque-controlled hydraulically actuated quadruped robot (HyQ). The active head added onto the robot is composed of a fast pan and tilt unit (PTU) and a high-resolution wide angle stereo camera. The PTU enables camera gaze shifting to a specific area in the environment (both to extend and refine the map) or to track an object while navigating. Moreover, as the quadruped locomotion induces strong regular vibrations, impacts or slippages on rough terrain, we took advantage of the PTU to mechanically compensate for the robot's motions. In this paper, we demonstrate the influence of legged locomotion on the quality of the visual data stream by providing a detailed study of HyQ's motions, which are compared against a rough terrain wheeled robot of the same size. Our proposed Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)-based controller allows us to decouple the camera from the robot motions. We show through experiments that, by stabilizing the image feedback, we can improve the onboard vision-based processes of tracking and mapping. In particular, during the outdoor tests on the quadruped robot, the use of our camera stabilization system improved the accuracy on the 3D maps by 25%, with a decrease of 50% of mapping failures.
Kinematics analysis and singularities of novel decoupled parallel manipulators with simplified architecture
Authors: Di Gregorio Raffaele 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYParallel manipulators (PMs) with decoupled kinematics can be obtained by combining a translational PM (TPM) with a spherical PM (SPM) either in multiplatform architectures or in integrated more-complex architectures. Some of the latter type are inspired by the 6–4 fully parallel manipulator (6–4 FPM), whereas others of the same type are deduced by suitably combining TPMs' limbs and SPMs' limbs into more cumbersome limbs which contain more than one actuated joint. The decoupled PMs (DPMs) presented here pursue an intermediate concept between the last two which keeps all the actuators on or near to the base in a simplified architecture with only three limbs. These features preserve the lightness of the mobile masses, together with the associated good-dynamic performances, and reduce the limitations on the workspace due to the eliminated limbs and to possible limb interferences. The finite and instantaneous kinematics of the proposed DPMs is studied, thus proving the practical implementation of the proposal.
IS ‘EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORK’ MERELY A PRINCIPLE OF NONDISCRIMINATION?
Authors: Moriarty Jeffrey 
Published: November 2015

Abstract:Should people who perform equal work receive equal pay? Most would say ‘yes’, at least insofar as this question is understood to be asking whether employers should be permitted to discriminate against employees on the basis of race or sex. But suppose the employees belong to all of the same traditionally protected groups. Is (what I call) nondiscriminatory unequal pay for equal work wrong? Drawing an analogy with price discrimination, I argue that it is not intrinsically wrong, but it can be deceptive, in which case it is wrong.
A critical examination of the available data sources for estimating meat and protein consumption in the USA
Authors: Fehrenbach Keri Szejda , Righter Allison C , Santo Raychel E 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the methods, strengths and limitations of available data sources for estimating US meat and protein consumption in order to facilitate accurate interpretations and applications.DesignWe examined agricultural supply and dietary intake databases from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), the US Department of Health and Human Services and the FAO to describe their methodology and to report the most recent estimates for meat and protein consumption.ResultsTogether, loss-adjusted agricultural supply data and dietary recall data provide the best available estimates of US consumption; the most recent sources indicated that US citizens (ages 2 years and over) consume 4·4–5·9 oz (125·9–166·5 g) of total meat and 6·2–7·4 oz-eq (175·2–209·4 g-eq) from the USDA Protein Foods Group per day. Meat constitutes the majority of intake within the Protein Foods Group, and red meat and processed meat constitute the majority of total meat intake. Nutrient supply data indicate that total meat represents an estimated 43·1 % of the total protein available in the US food supply, but without any loss-adjusted nutrient data, per capita protein intake is best estimated by dietary recall data to be 79·9 g/d.ConclusionsIn order to address public health concerns related to excess meat and/or protein consumption, practitioners, educators and researchers must appropriately use available data sources in order to accurately report consumption at the population level. Implications for comparing these estimates with various recommended intakes are discussed.
Social disparities in dietary habits among women: Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study
Authors: Wang May , Heck Katherine , Winkleby Marilyn , Cubbin Catherine 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveRelationships among race/ethnicity, individual socio-economic status (SES), neighbourhood SES and acculturation are complex. We sought to answer whether: (i) race/ethnicity, individual SES and neighbourhood SES have independent effects on women’s fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC); (ii) SES modifies the effects of race/ethnicity on FVC; and (iii) nativity modifies the effect of Latina ethnicity on FVC.DesignCross-sectional surveys from the population-based Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study were linked with census-tract level data. FVC was indicated by (i) consuming fruits and vegetables less often than daily (LOWFV) and (ii) not having fruits and vegetables in the home very often. Other variables included age, marital status, race/ethnicity, country of birth, educational attainment, family income and longitudinal neighbourhood poverty (based on latent class growth models). Weighted logistic regression models accounting for the complex sample design were constructed.SettingCalifornia, USA, 2012–2013.SubjectsWomen (n 2669).ResultsIn adjusted models, race/ethnicity, education and income were independently associated with FVC, but not neighbourhood poverty. Women of colour, high-school graduates and women with incomes at 301–400 % of the federal poverty level were at higher odds of LOWFV compared with non-Hispanic Whites, college graduates and those with incomes >400 % of the federal poverty level. Little evidence for interactions between race/ethnicity and individual or neighbourhood SES was found; similar patterns were observed for immigrant and US-born Latinas.ConclusionsAddressing the dietary needs of lower-SES communities requires multilevel interventions that simultaneously provide culturally tailored nutrition education and address the physical and economic accessibility of culturally acceptable fruits and vegetables.
Proteorhodopsin light-enhanced growth linked to vitamin-B1 acquisition in marine Flavobacteria
Authors: Gómez-Consarnau Laura , González José M , Riedel Thomas , Jaenicke Sebastian , Wagner-Döbler Irene , Sañudo-Wilhelmy Sergio A , Fuhrman Jed A 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Proteorhodopsins (PR) are light-driven proton pumps widely distributed in bacterioplankton. Although they have been thoroughly studied for more than a decade, it is still unclear how the proton motive force (pmf) generated by PR is used in most organisms. Notably, very few PR-containing bacteria show growth enhancement in the light. It has been suggested that the presence of specific functions within a genome may define the different PR-driven light responses. Thus, comparing closely related organisms that respond differently to light is an ideal setup to identify the mechanisms involved in PR light-enhanced growth. Here, we analyzed the transcriptomes of three PR-harboring Flavobacteria strains of the genus Dokdonia: Dokdonia donghaensis DSW-1T, Dokdonia MED134 and Dokdonia PRO95, grown in identical seawater medium in light and darkness. Although only DSW-1T and MED134 showed light-enhanced growth, all strains expressed their PR genes at least 10 times more in the light compared with dark. According to their genomes, DSW-1T and MED134 are vitamin-B1 auxotrophs, and their vitamin-B1 TonB-dependent transporters (TBDT), accounted for 10–18% of all pmf-dependent transcripts. In contrast, the expression of vitamin-B1 TBDT was 10 times lower in the prototroph PRO95, whereas its vitamin-B1 synthesis genes were among the highest expressed. Our data suggest that light-enhanced growth in DSW-1T and MED134 derives from the use of PR-generated pmf to power the uptake of vitamin-B1, essential for central carbon metabolism, including the TCA cycle. Other pmf-generating mechanisms available in darkness are probably insufficient to power transport of enough vitamin-B1 to support maximum growth of these organisms.
Aneuploidy causes premature differentiation of neural and intestinal stem cells
Authors: Gogendeau Delphine , Siudeja Katarzyna , Gambarotto Davide , Pennetier Carole , Bardin Allison J. , Basto Renata 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAneuploidy is associated with a variety of diseases such as cancer and microcephaly. Although many studies have addressed the consequences of a non-euploid genome in cells, little is known about their overall consequences in tissue and organism development. Here we use two different mutant conditions to address the consequences of aneuploidy during tissue development and homeostasis in Drosophila. We show that aneuploidy causes brain size reduction due to a decrease in the number of proliferative neural stem cells (NSCs), but not through apoptosis. Instead, aneuploid NSCs present an extended G1 phase, which leads to cell cycle exit and premature differentiation. Moreover, we show that this response to aneuploidy is also present in adult intestinal stem cells but not in the wing disc. Our work highlights a neural and intestine stem cell-specific response to aneuploidy, which prevents their proliferation and expansion.
Direct visualization of dispersed lipid bicontinuous cubic phases by cryo-electron tomography
Authors: Demurtas Davide , Guichard Paul , Martiel Isabelle , Mezzenga Raffaele , Hébert Cécile , Sagalowicz Laurent 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBulk and dispersed cubic liquid crystalline phases (cubosomes), present in the body and in living cell membranes, are believed to play an essential role in biological phenomena. Moreover, their biocompatibility is attractive for nutrient or drug delivery system applications. Here the three-dimensional organization of dispersed cubic lipid self-assembled phases is fully revealed by cryo-electron tomography and compared with simulated structures. It is demonstrated that the interior is constituted of a perfect bicontinuous cubic phase, while the outside shows interlamellar attachments, which represent a transition state between the liquid crystalline interior phase and the outside vesicular structure. Therefore, compositional gradients within cubosomes are inferred, with a lipid bilayer separating at least one water channel set from the external aqueous phase. This is crucial to understand and enhance controlled release of target molecules and calls for a revision of postulated transport mechanisms from cubosomes to the aqueous phase.
Efficient Generation of Mice with Consistent Transgene Expression by FEEST
Authors: Gao Lei , Jiang Yonghua , Mu Libing , Liu Yanbin , Wang Fengchao , Wang Peng , Zhang Aiqun , Tang Nan , Chen Ting , Luo Minmin , Yu Lei , Gao Shaorong , Chen Liang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTransgenic mouse models are widely used in biomedical research; however, current techniques for producing transgenic mice are limited due to the unpredictable nature of transgene expression. Here, we report a novel, highly efficient technique for the generation of transgenic mice with single-copy integration of the transgene and guaranteed expression of the gene-of-interest (GOI). We refer to this technique as functionally enriched ES cell transgenics, or FEEST. ES cells harboring an inducible Cre gene enabled the efficient selection of transgenic ES cell clones using hygromycin before Cre-mediated recombination. Expression of the GOI was confirmed by assaying for the GFP after Cre recombination. As a proof-of-principle, we produced a transgenic mouse line containing Cre-activatable tTA (cl-tTA6). This tTA mouse model was able to induce tumor formation when crossed with a transgenic mouse line containing a doxycycline-inducible oncogene. We also showed that the cl-tTA6 mouse is a valuable tool for faithfully recapitulating the clinical course of tumor development. We showed that FEEST can be easily adapted for other genes by preparing a transgenic mouse model of conditionally activatable EGFR L858R. Thus, FEEST is a technique with the potential to generate transgenic mouse models at a genome-wide scale.
Photo-induced enhancement of the power factor of Cu2S thermoelectric films
Authors: Lv Yanhong , Chen Jikun , Zheng Ren-Kui , Song Junqiang , Zhang Tiansong , Li Xiaomin , Shi Xun , Chen Lidong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractElement doping is commonly used to adjust the carrier concentrations in semiconductors such as thermoelectric materials. However, the doping process unavoidably brings in defects or distortions in crystal lattices, which further strongly affects the physical properties of the materials. In this work, high energy photons have been used to activate the carriers in Cu2S thermoelectric films. As a result, the carrier concentrations and the respective electrical conductivity as well as Seebeck coefficient are further changed. The photon-induced electrical transport properties are further analyzed utilizing a Parallel circuit model. Due to the realization of optimized carrier concentrations by photon activation, the power factor of Cu2S film is improved more than 900 times as compared with the dark data. As compared to the traditional doping process, the approach using photon activation can realize the tuning of carrier concentrations without affecting crystal lattice. This method provides an opportunity to investigate the intrinsic physical properties of semiconductor materials without involving traditional element doping process that usually brings in additional lattice defects or distortions.
The increased risk of active tuberculosis disease in patients with dermatomyositis – a nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Ping-Hsun , Lin Yi-Ting , Yang Yi-Hsin , Lin Yu-Chih , Lin Yi-Ching 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe risk of active tuberculosis (TB) in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) is poorly understood. The cohort study aimed to investigate the association between DM and the risk of active TB disease. We conducted a population based study on 4,958 patients with newly diagnosed DM and 19,832 matched controls according to age, sex and index date between 1998 and 2008. The hazard ratios (HRs) and cumulative incidences of active TB disease between DM patients and controls were analyzed. During the study period, a total of 85 (1.7%) DM patients developed active TB disease, which was significantly higher than that of non-DM patients (0.64%). The incidence rate of active TB disease was higher among DM patients than controls (incidence rate ratio 2.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.24 to 3.88). The Cox regression model demonstrated significantly higher active TB disease rate among DM patients compared with controls (adjusted HR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.97 to 3.54; p < 0.001) after adjusting for age, sex and underlying medical disorders. The most significant risk factors for developing active TB included male sex, diabetes mellitus comorbidity and use of corticosteroids and azathioprine in DM patients. In conclusion, DM patients are at a greater risk for active TB disease.
A Universal Base in a Specific Role: Tuning up a Thrombin Aptamer with 5-Nitroindole
Authors: Tsvetkov Vladimir B. , Varizhuk Anna M. , Pozmogova Galina E. , Smirnov Igor P. , Kolganova Natalia A. , Timofeev Edward N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this study we describe new modified analogs of the thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) containing 5-nitroindole residues. It has been shown that all modified TBAs form an anti-parallel G-quadruplex structure and retain the ability to inhibit thrombin. The most advanced TBA variant (TBA-N8) has a substantially increased clotting time and two-fold lower IC50 value compared to the unmodified prototype. Molecular modelling studies suggest that the improved anticoagulant properties of TBA-N8 result from changes in the binding mode of the analog. A modified central loop in TBA-N8 is presumed to participate in the binding of the target protein. Studies of FAM labelled TBA and TBA-N8 showed an improved binding affinity of the modified aptamer and provided evidence of a direct interaction between the modified central loop and thrombin. Our findings have implications for the design of new aptamers with improved binding affinities.