bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Patterns of Fish Occurrence in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon in Response to Temperature, Largescale Drought, and Newly Exposed Habitat
Authors: Hedden Crosby , Rogowski David L. , Boyer Jan , Mason‐Sarantopulos Lauren 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTwo large dams on the Colorado River, Glen Canyon and Hoover Dam, have profoundly altered the river within Grand Canyon. Owing to widespread drought and increased water usage throughout the Southwest, water levels in Lake Mead declined by over 40 m since 2000, exposing over 80 km of newly emerged riverine habitat in the western Grand Canyon that experiences higher water temperatures and increased turbidity relative to upstream portions of the Colorado River within the Grand Canyon. Our objective was to investigate how the probability of fish occurrence has changed within the Colorado River in Grand Canyon as abiotic conditions have shifted in relation to these altered environmental conditions. We used 22 years of long‐term fish monitoring data, from 2000 to 2022, on the mainstem of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon to map the probability of occurrence based upon modeled water temperature for native and common nonnative salmonid species through space (river kilometer) and time in relation to declining water levels in Lake Mead. Our results suggest that native fish occurrence is strongly correlated with longitudinally increasing water temperature, while nonnative trout species were negatively correlated with increased water temperature downstream from the dam. Further, we found that nonnative trout species have experienced decreases in their probability of occurrence through time, while natives have experienced an increase in probability of occurrence. Information on distribution of fish prior to reservoir declines, and how the fish assemblage has shifted coincident with environmental changes, can help inform future management of native and nonnative fish in highly regulated river systems.
Water absorption from air and ammonia loss from urea fertilizers applied to grassland in southeastern United States
Authors: Cabrera Miguel L. , Franklin Dorcas , Kissel David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInformation on water absorption from the air by urea fertilizers and on NH3 loss when applied to grasslands is limited. Urea application to grassland is typically broadcast (Bcast), whereas urea‐ammonium nitrate (UAN) is applied either Bcast or in bands (dribble). This work was conducted to (1) evaluate water absorption from the air by Bcast granular urea, Bcast UAN, and dribble UAN under laboratory conditions, and (2) compare NH3 losses from Bcast urea, Bcast UAN, and dribble UAN when applied to a grassland. Six field studies were conducted from 2017 to 2019. In the laboratory, Bcast UAN exposed to 100% relative humidity absorbed water from air at a faster rate than dribble UAN and Bcast urea. In the field, all three fertilizers lost similar amounts of NH3 when applied to relatively wet soil (> −0.1 MPa). In contrast, when the fertilizers were applied to dry soil (≤ −1.2 MPa), Bcast UAN lost the most NH3 (17.3% and 19.8%) likely because of its capacity to absorb water from the air. Also, at −1.2 MPa, dribble UAN lost more NH3 than Bcast urea (15.3 vs. 10.7%, p < 0.05), probably because the low osmotic potential of UAN (−55 MPa) allowed it to absorb water from the soil at a faster rate than urea could absorb water from the air. In contrast, when the soil water potential was −5.7 MPa, dribble UAN lost less NH3 than Bcast urea (4.4 vs. 17.3%, p < 0.05), likely because the low soil water potential reduced its water absorption.
Tier‐based transformation in women's time management through electricity access: Insights from rural Cambodia
Authors: Seo Jung Nahyun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research examines the impact of electricity access on women's time management in rural Cambodia using qualitative methods, including semi‐structured interviews and textual analysis. The study reviews crucial concepts, such as women's empowerment and time poverty and explores how electricity access influences these dynamics. Findings indicate that while previous studies suggest a uniform reduction in time poverty due to decreased drudgery across different levels of electricity access, this study reveals variations. It shows that reductions in time poverty are not only from decreased drudgery but also from increased disposable time, especially in off‐grid conditions where women may experience an increase in drudgery. Moreover, the extent of time poverty reduction varies with the level of electricity access, highlighting a nuanced pattern from off‐grid to national grid scenarios. This study contributes to understanding the gendered impacts of electricity access and its relation to women's autonomy in time management.
Catalytic Mechanism of Formate Dehydrogenase: Does Rotation of Formate Provide the Impetus for Surmounting the Activation Energy Barrier?
Authors: Yurenko Yevgen , Novotný Jan , Marek Radek , Kozelka Jiří 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFormate oxidation by Candida boidinii formate dehydrogenase was recently subjected to QM/MM MD simulations (Q. Guo et al., Biochemistry 55, 2016, 2760–2771). Inspection of snapshots from the reported umbrella sampling of the reactants state region provided two interesting observations. Firstly, an ester bond between formate and nicotinamide spontaneously formed and subsequently dissociated. Such an ester adduct was previously predicted to form with negligible energy barrier in gas phase but was so far not reported in QM/MM MD simulations. Secondly, two snapshots were identified as possible near‐attack conformations (NACs) from which the transition state (TS) can be reached by unhindered rotation of formate about its O─O axis. The NACs differ from each other in the direction of rotation required to attain TS. Calculation of natural orbitals for chemical valence channels indicated genesis of the new C─H bond already at the NAC stage. Both NACs feature a nonlinear C(formate)–H(formate)–C(nicotinamide) angle, approaching linearity only in the TS. We believe that due to the particular conception of the active site which profits from the unique triangular shape of the substrate, the formate ion can reach the TS more easily through this rotational movement than through parallel shift along the C─H vector, as previously assumed.
Ni–Cu Bimetallic Oxides with Tailored Morphology for High‐Performance Alkaline Water Oxidation
Authors: Tabassum Anila , Ata Sadia , Ding Yulong , Mohsin Ijaz Ul , Leghari Sajjad Ahmed Khan , Al‐Kahtani Abdullah A. , Nafady Ayman , Sohail Manzar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWater oxidation, a crucial step in electrochemical water splitting, is often hindered by its complex kinetics. In our pursuit of designing efficient electrocatalysts, we have found that morphological modifications during synthesis are powerful tools. By manipulating various parameters, such as reaction time and temperature, we have tuned the morphology of the catalysts, leading to a significant enhancement in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) rate. Our thorough research involves using a simple hydrothermal method for synthesizing bimetallic Ni–Cu oxides, resulting in the emergence of different morphologies by varying reaction times from 4 to 24 h. The OER performance in an alkaline medium, using a 1 M KOH solution, has been meticulously investigated, and our results have unveiled the highest activity for Ni–Cu fabricated with a growth time of 24 h. Ni–Cu oxide 24 exhibits a remarkably low onset potential for OER at 222 mV with a Tafel slope of 373 mV/dec. The catalyst boasts the lowest Rct value of 2.788 ohm, ensuring faster charge transfer rates and stability up to 1000 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles, thereby supporting its electrochemical applications for water splitting.
Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity through Bimetallic Phosphide Integration in ReS2/Re2O7 Heterostructure
Authors: Vijayan Aruna , Thomas Teena , Sandhyarani N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeveloping a nonprecious and sustainable electrocatalyst in clean energy generation is quite noteworthy. Transition metal chalcogenides, oxides, and phosphides have emerged as promising candidates to substitute Pt‐based catalysts. In this study, we explore the catalytic potential of ReS2, a promising member of the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) family, for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). The formation of rhenium oxide during the synthesis of ReS2 and further incorporation of a bimetallic phosphide NiCuP in a sequential hydrothermal synthesis reveals an excellent HER activity, as demonstrated by photoelectrochemical and electrochemical studies. Notably, the catalyst exhibits a significantly lower overpotential of −0.10 V (corresponding to −10 mA/cm2) and achieves a high current density of approx. −271 mA/cm2 at −0.79 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under light irradiation. The catalyst demonstrates high stability. These findings underscore the potential of NiCuP‐integrated ReS2/Re2O7 as a highly efficient and sustainable catalyst for HER.
Local Strain‐Dependent Etching Patterns of Chemical Vapor Deposited Molybdenum Disulfide
Authors: Luo Birong , Wang Rongnan , Zhao Tianxiang , Li Linfeng , Chen Qi , Wang Pengcheng , Wang Junjia , Han Qing , Zhang Ying , Zhang Bo , Li Dejun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study reveals a local strain‐dependent etching behavior that enables the formation of distinguished etching patterns in differently strained chemical vapor deposited (CVD) 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers. It is demonstrated that when the local tensile strain of CVD 2D MoS2 is as uniformly low as ɛ ≈ 0.33% or less, the oxidative etching pattern possesses conventional triangular etching pits (TEPs), while when the local tensile strain is as uniformly high as ɛ ≈ 0.55% or larger, the oxidative etching pattern consist of uniformly oriented hexagonal etching channels (HECs). More interestingly, when the CVD 2D MoS2 monolayer has heterogenous strain distribution from ɛ ≈ 0.55% (center region) to ɛ ≈ 0.33% (perimeter region), the oxidative etching pattern comprise of non‐uniformly hexagonal‐mixed‐parallel etching channels (HPECs). The further characterization and analysis reveal the formation mechanism of such strain‐dependent etching patterns is built on the local strain‐related fractures propagation under oxidative etching, as well as the anisotropy fractures‐based oxidative etching kinetics. This study may enhance the understanding of the relationship between etching and growth features of 2D TMDs, and paves the way to etching‐nanostructured (or defect) engineering of 2D TMDs and other 2D materials for potential applications in electrocatalysis and optoelectronics.
BCIDS‐IoT: A Binary Classification Intrusion Detection Scheme for Internet of Things Communication
Authors: Agarwal Pralabh , Wazid Mohammad , Singh Vishal Kumar , Srivastava Anindya , Singh Arshal Raj , Mittal Saksham , Das Ashok Kumar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices into daily life has exponentially increased the amount of data. In an IoT computing environment, like Smart Homes, Internet of Medical Things, Industrial Internet of things, Internet of Vehicles, and Smart Agriculture, there is a significant volume of data being exchanged between devices, servers, and users. This gives attackers a chance to launch malicious attacks on devices and associated resources. In this article, we have addressed this issue and proposed a machine learning‐based malware detection technique for the secure communication of IoT (BCIDS‐IoT). The proposed BCIDS‐IoT employs numerous algorithms for efficient detection. The benchmark UNSW‐NB15 dataset is utilized for the analysis. BCIDS‐IoT lowers false positives, maintains high detection rates, and allows for large‐scale network traffic without compromising performance. The various models, such as logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, extra trees, K‐nearest neighbors, and artificial neural network (ANNs), are utilized in the proposed BCIDS‐IoT. Metrics like precision, recall, and F1‐score are also calculated alongside accuracy. ANN surpassed all other models with an accuracy of . Finally, the proposed BCIDS‐IoT is also compared with different closely related schemes, indicating its outperformance among all.
The confinement conundrum: what next for farrowing crates?
Authors: Loeb Josh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhat are farrowing crates and why are they controversial? Are memories of welfare improvements 25 years ago preventing UK farmers from moving away from the crating of sows for as long as five weeks at a time? Have farrowing crates, which were first introduced more than half a century ago, had their day? If so, what might replace them? Josh Loeb investigates.
Identifying Zoonotic Parasites in Domiciled and Non‐Domiciled Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) Within an Urban Zone of the Eastern State of Mexico
Authors: Salcedo‐Jiménez José , Alcala‐Canto Yazmín , Segura‐Tinoco Julio , Valadez‐Moctezuma Ernestina , Pérez‐Rivero Juan José 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere are over 42 million dogs in Mexico, with a significant population living on the streets, especially in the State of Mexico. These dogs can act as carriers of zoonotic pathogens, placing children and individuals with chronic diseases or immunodeficiencies at risk.ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of zoonotic parasites in feral and domestic dogs in the urban area of the eastern State of Mexico and assess their potential impact on public health.MethodsThe study was conducted from July 2022 to March 2023 in the urban area located in the eastern region of the State of Mexico. A total of 134 samples of dog faces were collected through convenience sampling, from both domiciled and non‐domiciled dogs.ResultsFifty‐one dogs were identified with Ancylostomatidae family (38.1%, 95% CI: 27.0%–52.1%), 10 with Toxocara spp. (7.5%, 95% CI: 3.6%–13.3%), 7 with Dipylidium caninum (5.5%, 95% CI: 2.1%–10.5%), 8 with Cystoisospora spp. (6.0%, 95% CI: 2.6%–11.4%), 6 with Giardia spp. (4.5%, 95% CI: 1.7‐9.5%) and 2 positive cases for Hymenolepis spp. (1.5%, 95% CI: 0.2%–5.3%) were identified.ConclusionsThis study highlights a public health concern related to non‐domiciled dogs, which can serve as carriers of zoonotic parasites. Interactions among non‐domiciled dogs, domiciled dogs and humans heighten the risk of transmission. Implementing prevention, control and awareness strategies is crucial to reduce the spread of these parasites.
Metagenomic Detection of Multiple Viruses in Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) in Australia
Authors: Kanti Nath Babu , Gupta Suman Das , talukder Saranika , Tonu Nasrin Sultana , Raidal Shane R. , Forwood Jade K. , Sarker Subir 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundBirds are known to harbour many pathogens, including circovirus, herpesviruses, adenoviruses and Chlamydia psittaci. Some of these pose zoonotic risks, while others, such as beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), have a significant impact on the conservation of endangered bird species.ObjectivesThis study was aimed to determine the faecal virome of a group of apparently healthy Monk parakeet using high‐throughput sequencing.MethodsFresh faecal samples were collected from four Monk parakeets at a pet shop in Melbourne, Australia. Virus enrichment and nucleic acid extraction were performed on the faecal samples, followed by high‐throughput sequencing at the Australian Genome Research Facility (AGRF).ResultsUtilising an established pipeline for high‐throughput sequencing data analysis, this study revealed the presence of three viruses of the families Circoviridae, Parvoviridae and Adenoviridae. Subsequent sequence comparison and phylogenetic analyses further confirmed that the detected viruses belong to the genera Chaphamaparvovirus (unassigned species), Circovirus (species Circovirus parrot) and Siadenovirus (species Siadenovirus viridis).ConclusionDespite non‐pathogenicity, the existence of multiple viruses within a bird species underscores the risk of these viruses spreading into the pet trade. Detection and a better understanding of avian viruses are crucial for the establishment of appropriate management and biosecurity measures in the domestic and international bird trade, which ultimately supports the conservation of vulnerable bird species.
Evidence evaluation and reporting for forensic handwriting examinations
Authors: Bird Carolyne , Ballantyne Kaye , Jones Kylie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEvaluation and reporting are two stages of a forensic examination process. Although evaluation procedures and reporting scales remain diverse across forensic science disciplines, movements are currently being made toward standardization of practices within an evaluative (or logical) framework. This overview considers evaluation and reporting in the context of forensic handwriting examination, and specifically, how opinions are formed regarding handwriting authorship and/or process. A guide is given to assist forensic handwriting examiners when expressing conclusions or opinions based upon a formal evaluation of the evidence. Touched upon is the way examiners may arrive at their assessment of the strength and weight of the evidence with respect to the propositions that are of interest. Conclusion scales are discussed, and we also consider how examination findings and results are expressed in reports. Minimum requirements and suggested inclusions for reports, whether verbal or written, are included.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Presentation and Evaluation of Forensic Science Output
Machining Methods
Authors: Ivanov Vitalii , Evtuhov Artem , Dehtiarov Ivan , Trojanowska Justyna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides a comprehensive overview of fundamental machining processes, including turning, drilling, counterboring, reaming, milling, grinding, and gear machining. Each technique is examined in detail, highlighting its principles, applications, and the specific conditions under which it is most effectively employed.
Automation Level Taxonomy for Time Series Forecasting Services: Guideline for Real-World Smart Grid Applications
Authors: Meisenbacher Stefan , Galenzowski Johannes , Förderer Kevin , Suess Wolfgang , Waczowicz Simon , Mikut Ralf , Hagenmeyer Veit 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAchieving net-zero carbon emissions necessitates the major transformation of electrical grids into smart grids. In this context, urban districts play a crucial role in the flexible balancing of electricity demand and supply, which involves solving decentralized optimization problems. Such optimization problems rely on forecasts of local demand and supply, and require the systematic orchestration of data streams using cloud services. At the same time, it is necessary to automate both the design and operation of forecasting models in such services to keep pace with the increasing need for such locally adapted forecasts. Therefore, this paper proposes an automation level taxonomy to communicate the scope of automation in time series forecasting. Furthermore, we demonstrate a forecasting service that is used in a downstream demand-side management application and realized in the real-world project Smart East in Karlsruhe, Germany. Finally, we analyze existing forecasting services in the literature, categorize them according to the proposed automation level taxonomy, and compare them with our implementation.
Nanotechnology strategy for inhibition of PARP1 and IL-17A-associated with neurotoxicity in rats exposed to hospital wastewater
Authors: Sabry Hend A. , Ali Elham H. A. , Osman Amany A. , Zahra Mai M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHospital wastewater (HWW) poses a serious hazard to human health security concerning its high susceptibility to neurodegeneration. Water sources and ecosystems are exposed to a complicated pollution load from a variety of refractory organics and pharmaceutical active composites. This study evaluates the treated newly developed nanocomposite (NiFe2O4) HWW on the neural injury induced by HWW action in rats. Three groups of male Wistar rats were distributed, with eight rats in each: group I: tap water served as a control; group II: HWW; and group III: nano-HWW. Each group was intragastrical administrated with each type of water (2.5 ml/100 g b.wt/6 h) for 28 consecutive days. The open field test and Morris Water Maze assessed behavioral activity and spatial learning 2 days before the last day. The research demonstrated that HWW treated with nanocomposite (NiFe2O4) may exert decreased risks of the neural impairment effect of HWW. This improvement was achieved by reducing the neurotoxicity by lowering nitric oxide contents, lipid peroxidation, acetylcholinesterase, interleukin-17A (IL-17A), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase1(PARP1) while restoring the antioxidant biomarkers and neurotransmitter levels (β-endorphin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) of the treated groups in the cortex and brainstem and enhancement of the histopathology of the cortex as well. In conclusion, this study introduced a newly developed nanotechnology application for treating HWW to protect from neural injury. The findings of this research have significant value for policymakers, Ministry of Health management, and environmental organizations in their selection of suitable techniques and procedures to optimize hospital wastewater treatment efficiency.
Automated AI-based coronary calcium scoring using retrospective CT data from SCAPIS is accurate and correlates with expert scoring
Authors: Henriksson Lilian , Sandstedt Mårten , Nowik Patrik , Persson Anders 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Evaluation of the correlation and agreement between AI and semi-automatic evaluations of calcium scoring CT (CSCT) examinations using extensive data from the Swedish CardioPulmonary bio-Image study (SCAPIS).

Materials and methods
In total, 5057 CSCT examinations were performed on one CT system at Linköping University Hospital between October 8, 2015, and June 12, 2018. AI evaluations were compared to semi-automatic CSCT results from expert reader evaluations rendered within SCAPIS. Pearson correlation, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland–Altman analysis were applied for Agatston (AS), volume (VS), mass scores (MS), number of lesions and lesion location. Agreement of Agatston score classifications into cardiovascular (CV) risk categories was evaluated with weighted kappa analysis.

Results
The evaluation included 4567 subjects, 2229 (48.8%) male, 2338 (51.2%) female, 50–64 years of age (mean 57.3 ± 4.4). The AS ranged from 0 to 2871 in the cohort, with 2846 subjects having an AS of 0. Mean and median AS were 51.4 and 0.0, respectively. Total AS, VS, MS and number of lesions ICCs were 0.994, 0.994, 0.994, 0.960 (p < 0.001), respectively. Bland–Altman analyses rendered mean differences ± 1.96 SD upper and lower limits of agreement for AS −0.04, −52.5 to 52.4, VS −0.44, −46.51 to 45.63, and MS −0.07, −9.62 to 9.48. Weighted kappa analysis for CV risk category classifications was 0.913, and overall accuracy was 91.2%.

Conclusion
There was excellent correlation and agreement between AI and semi-automatic evaluations for all calcium scores, number of lesions and lesion location. High degrees of agreement and accuracy were found for the CV risk categorization.

Key Points
QuestionCan AI function as a tool for enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) evaluations in clinical radiology practice?
FindingsThis study confirms the robustness of AI-derived CACS results across extensive datasets, though its generalizability is limited by data acquisition from a single CT system.
Clinical relevanceThis study suggests that AI holds significant promise as a tool for enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of CACS evaluations, with implications for improving patient diagnostics and reducing radiologist workload in clinical practice.