bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation and bone mineral density in long‐term adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: den Hoed Marissa A. H. , Pluijm Saskia M. F. , Stolk Lisette , Uitterlinden André G. , Pieters Rob , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeDespite similarities in upfront treatment of childhood cancer, not every adult survivor of childhood cancer (CCS) has an impaired bone mineral density (BMD). No data are available on the role of genetic variation on impairment of BMD in CCS.MethodsThis cross‐sectional single‐center cohort study included 334 adult CCSs (median follow‐up time after cessation of treatment: 15 years; median age at follow‐up: 26 years). Total body BMD (BMDTB) and lumbar spine BMD (BMDLS) were measured by dual x‐ray absorptiometry. We selected 12 candidate single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11 genes (COL1A1, TNFSF11, TNFRSF11, TNRFSA11B, VDR, ESR1, WLS, LRP5, MTHFR, MTRR, IL‐6).ResultsMultivariate analyses revealed that lower BMD was associated with lower weight and height at follow‐up, male sex, and previously administered radiotherapy. Survivors with the homozygous minor allele (GG) genotype of rs2504063 (ESR1: estrogen receptor type 1) had a lower BMDTB values (–1.16 vs. –0.82; P = 0.01) than those with the AG/AA genotype; however, BMDLS was not different. Carriers of two minor alleles (GG) of rs599083 (LRP5: low‐density lipoprotein receptor) revealed lower BMDTB (–1.20 vs. –0.78; P = 0.02) and lower BMDLS (–0.95 vs. –0.46; P = 0.01) values than those with the TT/TG genotype.ConclusionCCSs who are carriers of candidate SNPs in the ESR1 or LRP5 genes seem to have an impaired bone mass at an early adult age. Information on genetic variation, in addition to patient‐ and treatment‐related factors, may be helpful in identifying survivors who are at risk for low bone density after childhood cancer treatment.
A Quantitative Analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reports with Oral Bisphosphonates and Clostridium difficile
Authors: McConeghy Kevin W. , Soriano Melinda M. , Danziger Larry H. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundStudies have shown associations between Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and non‐antimicrobial medications including proton pump inhibitors, osteoporosis medications, and antidepressants.ObjectivesOur primary objective was to evaluate oral bisphosphonates and reported CDI adverse drug reactions in the United States using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System data (FAERS).MethodsWe performed a disproportionality analysis evaluating the proportion of reports with bisphosphonates and CDI compared with other adverse drug reactions in the database. A relatively increased number of reports for a given adverse drug reaction (ADR) is termed a “signal.” Four major measures of association are used to describe reports: reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio, information component, and empirical Bayes geometric mean. Drugs with statistically significant safety signals were stratified by age (18–40, 41–65, and 65+ years) and gender.ResultsAlendronate had 0.4% (103/23,603) reports with CDI. There were 0.4% (16/3672) and 0.2% (17/7945) of reports for risedronate and ibandronate, respectively. Alendronate (Fosamax) was the only drug with a significant signal using all four calculation methods. For reports with gender available, alendronate CDI ADRs were more common for women (0.45% [93/20,586]) versus men (0.25% [4/1568]), and a signal was detected with all four methods. For reports with age available, there were limited alendronate reports for those 18–39 years of age, and CDI reports were present in 0.50% (27/5350) of cases of 40–64 years and 0.49% (42/8525) of cases aged 65 or older.ConclusionAlendronate was associated with a high number of CDI ADRs relative to other drugs in FAERS. This signal was strongest for women and those 40 years or older. This interesting finding should be interpreted with caution, and further research is warranted.
Die Machsche Pfeife
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDie von Ernst Mach entwickelte Pfeife ist kein Musikinstrument. Es ist ein Experiment, das die Existenz des Doppler‐Effekts ohne großen Aufwand nachweisen konnte. Aufwendigere Experimente hatte zuvor zum Beispiel Trompeter auf vorbeifahrenden Zügen eingesetzt. Machs handlicher Aufbau bestand im Kern aus einer drehbaren Röhre mit einer Pfeife an einem Ende und konnte so den Doppler‐Effekt deutlich vernehmbar produzieren. Er schrieb damit Physikgeschichte.
Astronomie unter dem Meer
Authors: Feige Jenny 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEin von Wissenschaftlern der TU München entdecktes 60Fe‐Signal wurde auf der gesamten Erde und in Mondproben nachgewiesen. Die Breite des Signals von über 1, 5 Millionen Jahren in einem Zeitbereich zwischen 1, 7 und 3, 2 Millionen Jahren lässt auf mehrere Sternexplosionen in Erdnähe schließen, die das Radionuklid zur Erde transportierten. Modellrechnungen bestätigen diese Annahme und bringen das Signal mit der Lokalen Superblase in Verbindung, deren Entstehung durch eine Reihe von Supernovae vor etwa 13 Millionen Jahren ihren Anfang nahm.
Gelatine im Eis: Physik auf allen Skalen
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: September 2016

AbstractViele Eishersteller nützen “Stabilisatoren”, zum Beispiel Gelatine, ein langes, kettenförmiges Molekül, dessen Grundbausteine, die Aminosäuren, sowohl wasserlöslich als auch wasserunlöslich sind. Dabei sind die hydrophilen Aminosäuren polar, positiv und negativ geladen. Damit bindet Gelatine viel Wasser und verleiht dem Eis einen formidablen Stand.
Halobenzene activation by heterofullerenes: computational investigation of oxidative addition activity
Authors: Padole Manjusha C. , Deshpande Parag A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPotential of Pd‐ and Ni‐substituted fullerenes for oxidative addition of halobenzenes was investigated using density functional theory. The metal centers in the catalysts were found to be the potential reaction sites. Adsorption of halobenzenes was mildly exergonic over both the compounds. Activation of all halobenzenes was observed over both the compounds. Oxidative addition of C6H5I was found to be the least energy intensive process with a free energy requirement that was 3 times smaller than that for C6H5F over C59Pd. Activities of both the catalysts were found to be comparable with the end products differing in the coordination of phenyl ring with the heterofullerenes.
Interaction mode between catalytic and regulatory subunits in glucosidase II involved in ER glycoprotein quality control
Authors: Satoh Tadashi , Toshimori Takayasu , Noda Masanori , Uchiyama Susumu , Kato Koichi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31) α‐glucosidases play vital roles in catabolic and regulated degradation, including the α‐subunit of glucosidase II (GIIα), which catalyzes trimming of the terminal glucose residues of N‐glycan in glycoprotein processing coupled with quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Among the known GH31 enzymes, only GIIα functions with its binding partner, regulatory β‐subunit (GIIβ), which harbors a lectin domain for substrate recognition. Although the structural data have been reported for GIIα and the GIIβ lectin domain, the interaction mode between GIIα and GIIβ remains unknown. Here, we determined the structure of a complex formed between GIIα and the GIIα‐binding domain of GIIβ, thereby providing a structural basis underlying the functional extension of this unique GH31 enzyme.
Towards carbon nanotube growth into superconducting microwave resonator geometries
Authors: Blien S. , Götz K. J. G. , Stiller P. L. , Mayer T. , Huber T. , Vavra O. , Hüttel A. K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe in‐place growth of suspended carbon nanotubes facilitates the observation of both unperturbed electronic transport spectra and high‐Q vibrational modes. For complex structures integrating, e.g., superconducting rf elements on‐chip, selection of a chemically and physically resistant material that survives the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process provides a challenge. We demonstrate the implementation of molybdenum–rhenium coplanar waveguide resonators that exhibit clear resonant behavior at cryogenic temperatures even after having been exposed to nanotube growth conditions. The properties of the MoRe devices before and after CVD are compared to a reference niobium device.(a) Schematic of the CVD growth environment; a metal thin film is exposed to a CH4 /H2 atmosphere at 850 °C. (b) MoRe coplanar waveguides still display superconductivity after this treatment, with clear resonant behavior of a structure.
Effect of correlation on covariate selection in linear and nonlinear mixed effect models
Authors: Bonate Peter L. 
Published: September 2016

The effect of correlation among covariates on covariate selection was examined with linear and nonlinear mixed effect models. Demographic covariates were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III database. Concentration‐time profiles were Monte Carlo simulated where only one covariate affected apparent oral clearance (CL/F). A series of univariate covariate population pharmacokinetic models was fit to the data and compared with the reduced model without covariate. The “best” covariate was identified using either the likelihood ratio test statistic or AIC. Weight and body surface area (calculated using Gehan and George equation, 1970) were highly correlated (r = 0.98). Body surface area was often selected as a better covariate than weight, sometimes as high as 1 in 5 times, when weight was the covariate used in the data generating mechanism. In a second simulation, parent drug concentration and three metabolites were simulated from a thorough QT study and used as covariates in a series of univariate linear mixed effects models of ddQTc interval prolongation. The covariate with the largest significant LRT statistic was deemed the “best” predictor. When the metabolite was formation‐rate limited and only parent concentrations affected ddQTc intervals the metabolite was chosen as a better predictor as often as 1 in 5 times depending on the slope of the relationship between parent concentrations and ddQTc intervals. A correlated covariate can be chosen as being a better predictor than another covariate in a linear or nonlinear population analysis by sheer correlation These results explain why for the same drug different covariates may be identified in different analyses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Systematic Review of the Research on Vocabulary Instruction That Impacts Text Comprehension
Authors: Wright Tanya S. , Cervetti Gina N. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have identified a correlational relationship between vocabulary and comprehension, we know less about vocabulary interventions that impact reading comprehension. Therefore, this study is a systematic review of vocabulary interventions with comprehension outcomes. Analyses of 36 studies that met criteria are organized around (a) type of comprehension measure (i.e., comprehension of passages that included taught words or more generalized comprehension measures) and (b) type of intervention (i.e., direct teaching of word meanings or word‐learning strategies). The authors looked for patterns in characteristics of vocabulary instruction within these analyses. Their findings led to four major themes: (1) Teaching of word meanings supported comprehension of text containing the target words in almost all cases; (2) instruction that focused on some active processing was typically more impactful than a definition or a dictionary method for supporting comprehension of text containing the target words, but we do not know how much instruction is sufficient; (3) there is very limited evidence that direct teaching of word meanings, even long‐term, multifaceted interventions of large numbers of words, can improve generalized comprehension; and (4) there is currently no empirical evidence that instruction in one or two strategies for solving word meanings will impact generalized comprehension. However, studies that actively teach students to monitor their understanding of vocabulary and to use multiple, flexible strategies for solving word meanings are a promising area for future research. The authors discuss the implications of these themes, as well as critical avenues for future vocabulary research.
From imagery to ecology: leveraging time series of all available Landsat observations to map and monitor ecosystem state and dynamics
Authors: Pasquarella Valerie J. , Holden Christopher E. , Kaufman Les , Woodcock Curtis E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWith over 30 years of directly comparable Landsat satellite observations now freely available, and new imagery being added to the Landsat archive every day, Landsat time series analysis affords novel opportunities for ecosystem mapping, environmental monitoring and comparative ecology. This study presents a series of data‐driven examples that illustrate the potential of using Landsat time series to further the study of land cover characterization, vegetation phenology and landscape dynamics. Our goal is to showcase how ecosystem properties and dynamics manifest in the Landsat data record, laying the foundation for better integration of remote sensing and ecology using Landsat time series. Our results suggest that time series provide valuable information on ecosystem cover, use and condition that could advance understanding of ecosystem function, resilience and dynamics. We have only just begun to understand how to use the complete record of Landsat observations for the study of ecology, and we hope this work will encourage future studies on quantifying and analyzing relationships between time series data, ecosystems and ecological processes.
Organic–inorganic interface simulation for new material discoveries
Authors: Ramakrishnan Sathish Kumar , Zhu Jie , Gergely Csilla 
Published: September 2016

Organic–inorganic interactions are of high importance in several biological processes and in modern nanobiotechnological applications. Despite its significance in interface sciences, the basic mechanism of biomolecules’ specific binding to a surface is still not well understood. Current experimental methods have not reached the level either to follow the dynamics of interactions at the picosecond scale or to observe the surface morphology at the nanoscale level. The increasing interest in bio‐interfaces particularly for engineering applications demands proteins or peptides to be designed to recognize the inorganic surface with high specificity. Molecular simulation has been well adopted in the past couple of decades to decipher the protein–surface interactions at different levels of time and length scales. Several molecular simulation methods such as quantum mechanics, atomistic, and coarse grain simulations were employed in this domain of research, but the continuous improvements in interfacial force field (FF) development, availability of experimental data and new sampling methods make the atomistic simulation more attractive due to the offered accurate representation of protein adsorption behavior at the atomic level. However, the exactitude of such simulations entirely depends on the appliedFFparameters, conformational sampling, and the solvation effects. In this overview, we briefly summarize the applicability of different simulation methods and of interfaceFFs. We also present the recent advances in the simulation of protein–surface interactions, and the challenges posed by the current simulation methods to reproduce the exact phenomenon. Future directions in this research field are also discussed.WIREs Comput Mol Sci2017, 7:e1277. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1277This article is categorized under:Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and BiophysicsStructure and Mechanism > Computational Materials ScienceMolecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte-Carlo Methods
Building and maintaining joints by exquisite local control of cell fate
Authors: Smeeton Joanna , Askary Amjad , Crump J. Gage 
Published: September 2016

We owe the flexibility of our bodies to sophisticated articulations between bones. Establishment of these joints requires the integration of multiple tissue types: permanent cartilage that cushions the articulating bones, synovial membranes that enclose a lubricating fluid‐filled cavity, and a fibrous capsule and ligaments that provide structural support. Positioning the prospective joint region involves establishment of an “interzone” region of joint progenitor cells within a nascent cartilage condensation, which is achieved through the interplay of activators and inhibitors of multiple developmental signaling pathways. Within the interzone, tight regulation of BMP and TGFβ signaling prevents the hypertrophic maturation of joint chondrocytes, in part through downstream transcriptional repressors and epigenetic modulators. Synovial cells then acquire further specializations through expression of genes that promote lubrication, as well as the formation of complex structures such as cavities and entheses. Whereas genetic investigations in mice and humans have uncovered a number of regulators of joint development and homeostasis, recent work in zebrafish offers a complementary reductionist approach toward understanding joint positioning and the regulation of chondrocyte fate at joints. The complexity of building and maintaining joints may help explain why there are still few treatments for osteoarthritis, one of the most common diseases in the human population. A major challenge will be to understand how developmental abnormalities in joint structure, as well as postnatal roles for developmental genes in joint homeostasis, contribute to birth defects and degenerative diseases of joints. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e245. doi: 10.1002/wdev.245This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation
Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling
Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular
Changes in the diagnosis of congenital cardiovascular malformations during the 1st year of life: impacts on epidemiological risk factor associations
Authors: Firl Kevin C. , King Jacquie S. , Makambi Kepher H. , Loffredo Christopher A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMany epidemiological studies base their classification of congenital cardiovascular malformations in newborns upon a single, initial diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of subsequent diagnostic investigations on the results of epidemiological studies. We used diagnostic codes from the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study from the time of birth and at ~1 year of age. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to identify associations between changes in diagnoses and infant characteristics, time period, that is, before and after introduction of color flow Doppler imaging, and diagnostic variables. Of the 3054 patients with data at both time points, 400 (13.1%) had diagnostic changes. For congenital cardiovascular malformations of early cardiogenesis, such as laterality and looping defects, conotruncal malformations, and atrioventricular septal defects, significant associations were observed between diagnostic change and case infants large for gestational age (odds ratio=0.22, p=0.01), diagnosed initially by echocardiography only (odds ratio=2.05, p=0.001), or with non-cardiac malformations (odds ratio=0.60, p=0.03). For all other congenital cardiovascular malformations, significant associations were observed with echocardiography-only diagnosis (odds ratio=1.43, p=0.04) and non-cardiac malformations (odds ratio=0.57, p<0.001). We found no statistically significant differences between risk factor odds ratios calculated using initial diagnoses versus those calculated using 1-year update diagnoses. Changes in congenital cardiovascular malformation diagnoses from birth to year 1 interval were significantly associated with infant characteristics and diagnostic modality but did not materially affect the outcome of risk factor associations.
HSV-1-induced activation of NF-κB protects U937 monocytic cells against both virus replication and apoptosis
Authors: Marino-Merlo Francesca , Papaianni Emanuela , Medici Maria Antonietta , Macchi Beatrice , Grelli Sandro , Mosca Claudia , Borner Christoph , Mastino Antonio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a crucial player of the antiviral innate response. Intriguingly, however, NF-κB activation is assumed to favour herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection rather than restrict it. Apoptosis, a form of innate response to viruses, is completely inhibited by HSV in fully permissive cells, but not in cells incapable to fully sustain HSV replication, such as immunocompetent cells. To resolve the intricate interplay among NF-κB signalling, apoptosis and permissiveness to HSV-1 in monocytic cells, we utilized U937 monocytic cells in which NF-κB activation was inhibited by expressing a dominant-negative IκBα. Surprisingly, viral production was increased in monocytic cells in which NF-κB was inhibited. Moreover, inhibition of NF-κB led to increased apoptosis following HSV-1 infection, associated with lysosomal membrane permeabilization. High expression of late viral proteins and induction of apoptosis occurred in distinct cells. Transcriptional analysis of known innate response genes by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR excluded a contribution of the assayed genes to the observed phenomena. Thus, in monocytic cells NF-κB activation simultaneously serves as an innate process to restrict viral replication as well as a mechanism to limit the damage of an excessive apoptotic response to HSV-1 infection. This finding may clarify mechanisms controlling HSV-1 infection in monocytic cells.
RBM24 suppresses cancer progression by upregulating miR-25 to target MALAT1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Hua Wen-Feng , Zhong Qian , Xia Tian-Liang , Chen Qi , Zhang Mei-Yin , Zhou Ai-Jun , Tu Zi-Wei , Qu Chen , Li Man-Zhi , Xia Yun-Fei , Wang Hui-Yun , Xie Dan , Claret Francois-Xavier , Song Er-Wei , Zeng Mu-Sheng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAbnormal interaction between non-coding RNAs has been demonstrated to be a common molecular event in various human cancers, but its significance and underlying mechanisms have not been well documented. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key regulators of RNA transcription and post-transcriptional processing. In this study, we found that RNA-binding protein 24 (RBM24) was frequently downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The restoration of RBM24 expression suppressed NPC cellular proliferation, migration and invasion and impeded metastatic colonization in mouse models. Microarray analyses revealed that miR-25 expression was upregulated by RBM24 expression in NPC cells. Similarly, ectopic miR-25 expression suppressed NPC cellular growth and motility by targeting the pro-oncogenic lncRNA MALAT1, and the knockdown of MALAT1 expression exhibited similar effects as RBM24 restoration in NPC cells. Overall, these findings suggest a novel role of RBM24 as a tumor suppressor. Mechanistically, RBM24 acts at least in part through upregulating the expression of miR-25, which in turn targets MALAT1 for degradation.