bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting the properties of the solar wind using simple pattern recognition
Authors: Riley Pete , Ben‐Nun Michal , Linker Jon A. , Owens M. J. , Horbury T. S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn accurate forecast of the solar wind plasma and magnetic field properties is a crucial capability for space weather prediction. However, thus far, it has been limited to the large‐scale properties of the solar wind plasma or the arrival time of a coronal mass ejection from the Sun. As yet there are no reliable forecasts for the north‐south interplanetary magnetic field component, Bn (or, equivalently, Bz). In this study, we develop a technique for predicting the magnetic and plasma state of the solar wind Δt hours into the future (where Δt can range from 6 h to several weeks) based on a simple pattern recognition algorithm. At some time, t, the algorithm takes the previous Δt hours and compares it with a sliding window of Δt hours running back all the way through the data. For each window, a Euclidean distance is computed. These are ranked, and the top 50 are used as starting point realizations from which to make ensemble forecasts of the next Δt hours. We find that this approach works remarkably well for most solar wind parameters such as v, np, Tp, and even Br and Bt, but only modestly better than our baseline model for Bn. We discuss why this is so and suggest how more sophisticated techniques might be applied to improve the prediction scheme.
Mercury's Caloris basin: Continuity between the interior and exterior plains
Authors: Rothery David A. , Mancinelli Paolo , Guzzetta Laura , Wright Jack 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe smooth plains on the floor of Mercury's Caloris basin and those almost entirely surrounding it beyond its rim are usually accepted to be younger than the rim materials and to be lava flows rather than impact melt. High‐resolution imaging shows that the emplacement of interior and exterior plains was concurrent, with evidence of both inward and outward flow while they were being emplaced. The Caloris rim is breached in two places by continuous smooth plains that seamlessly connect interior and exterior plains. The gross‐scale spectral and compositional distinctiveness of interior and exterior plains is blurred on a scale of several tens of kilometers, which could reflect interfingering of flow units less than a few hundred kilometers long that tapped melt sources of different composition and/or depth inside and outside the basin followed by local mixing of regolith. Flows occurring both inside and outside the basin should be included in estimates of the total erupted volume.
Types of Ocean Surface Waves, Wave Classification
Authors: Toffoli Alessandro , Bitner‐Gregersen Elzbieta M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe overall oscillatory motion on the ocean surface is a combination of a large variety of different types of waves. All these waves are primarily classified according to the generation and restoring mechanisms, which induce oscillations within a wide band of periods and associated wavelengths. The resulting waves and induced motion through the water column affect a large number of marine processes and engineering activities that take place on the surface and in the most superficial sublayers of ocean. These include the exchange of heat and gases, ocean mixing, transport of sediment, coastal morphology, seakeeping, offshore engineering, and renewable energy among many others. A description of the different types of ocean surface waves and their concurrent classification is presented.
Implementation of TomoEDGE in the independent dose calculator CheckTomo
Authors: Schopfer Mathieu , Thomas Simon J. , Tudor G. Samuel J. , Bourhis Jean , Bochud François , Moeckli Raphaël 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeCheckTomo is an independent dose calculation software for tomotherapy. Recently, Accuray (Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) released an upgrade of its tomotherapy treatment device, called TomoEDGE Dynamic Jaws, which improves the quality of treatment plans by enhancing the dose delivery with the help of jaws motion. This study describes the upgrade of CheckTomo to that new feature.MethodsTo account for the varying width and off‐axis shift of dynamic jaws fields, the calculation engine of CheckTomo multiplies the treatment field profile by a penumbral filter and shifts the dose calculation grid. Penumbral filters were obtained by dividing the edge field profiles by that of the corresponding nominal field. They were sampled at widths 1.0, 1.8, and 2.5 cm at isocenter in the edges of the 2.5 and 5 cm treatment field.ResultsThe upgrade of CheckTomo was tested on 30 patient treatments planned with dynamic jaws. The gamma pass rate averaged over 10 abdomen plans was 95.9%, with tolerances of 3 mm/3%. For 10 head and neck plans, the mean pass rate was 95.9% for tolerances of 4 mm/4%. Finally, misplacement and overdosage errors were simulated. In each tested cases, the 2 mm/3% gamma pass rate fell below 95% when a 4 mm shift or 3% dose difference was applied.ConclusionsThese results are equivalent to what CheckTomo achieves in static jaws cases. So, in terms of dose calculation accuracy and errors detection, the upgraded version of CheckTomo is as reliable for dynamic jaws plans as the former release was for static cases.
Effectiveness of suicide prevention programs for emergency and protective services employees: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Witt Katrina , Milner Allison , Allisey Amanda , Davenport Lauren , LaMontagne Anthony D. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThis brief report summarizes the international literature on the effectiveness of suicide prevention programs for protective and emergency services employees.MethodsA systematic search of 11 electronic databases was undertaken until June 30, 2015. Quantitative meta‐analysis was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of these programs on suicide rates at post‐intervention. Qualitative analyses were also used to identify program components that may be associated with reductions in suicide rates.ResultsA total of 13 studies were included. Only six reported sufficient information on suicide rates to enable inclusion in quantitative analyses, however. On average, these programs were associated with an approximate halving in suicide rates over an average follow‐up period of 5.25 years (SD = 4.2; range: 1–11) (Incidence Rate Ratio 0.45, 95%CI 0.31–0.65; five studies; I2 14.8%). Few programs integrated activities at the primary prevention level.ConclusionA greater focus on the relatively neglected area of workplace primary prevention could further improve suicide prevention effectiveness. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:394–407, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gender differences in occupations and complaints of musculoskeletal symptoms: Representative sample of South Korean workers
Authors: Park Jungsun , Han Bo‐young , Kim Yangho 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionThe present study examines gender differences in occupations, occupational hazards, and musculoskeletal symptoms in Korean workers.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of data from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS).ResultsRelative to “managers,” men who were “craft and related trades workers,” “equipment, machine operating and assembling workers,” and in “elementary occupations” were more likely to report back pain (ORs: 2.08, 2.33, and 2.71, respectively); women who were “skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers” were more likely to report back pain (OR: 3.96). Back pain was more likely to be reported in men exposed to “carrying/moving heavy loads,” “painful/tiring postures,” and “repetitive hand/arm movements” (ORs: 1.20, 2.26, and 1.28, respectively).ConclusionMen and women workers differed in their reporting of ergonomic risk factors, and complaints of musculoskeletal symptoms. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:342–349, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reliability of self‐reported questionnaire on occupational radiation practices among diagnostic radiologic technologists
Authors: Kim Moon Jung , Cha Eun Shil , Ko Yousun , Chun Byung Chul , Lee Won Jin 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundWe aimed to assess the reliability of a self‐reported questionnaire on occupational radiation practices among radiologic technologists.MethodsWe enrolled 941 participants who had repeatedly completed the questionnaire from the 2012–2013 radiologic technologists’ health study in South Korea. We used percentage agreement, kappa statistics, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to assess the reliability of responses on work practices.ResultsOverall agreement for ever‐never diagnostic radiation procedures was high (87.5–97.5%), and κ values indicated substantial agreement (0.66–0.86) in all procedures except cephalometric and intraoral radiography. For the information of year of work start and working duration, high agreement was obtained (ICC: 0.99 and 0.98, respectively). However, use of a worn dosimeter and of personal protective equipment showed only moderate to substantial agreement.ConclusionsSelf‐reported information on working practices regarding radiation exposure in radiologic technologists was reliable enough for epidemiologic studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:377–385, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estimation of occupational cosmic radiation exposure among airline personnel: Agreement between a job‐exposure matrix, aggregate, and individual dose estimates
Authors: Talibov Madar , Salmelin Raili , Lehtinen‐Jacks Susanna , Auvinen Anssi 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundJob‐exposure matrices (JEM) are used for exposure assessment in occupational studies, but they can involve errors. We assessed agreement between the Nordic Occupational Cancer Studies JEM (NOCCA‐JEM) and aggregate and individual dose estimates for cosmic radiation exposure among Finnish airline personnel.MethodsCumulative cosmic radiation exposure for 5,022 airline crew members was compared between a JEM and aggregate and individual dose estimates.ResultsThe NOCCA‐JEM underestimated individual doses. Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.37, proportion of agreement 64%, kappa 0.46 compared with individual doses. Higher agreement was achieved with aggregate dose estimates, that is annual medians of individual doses and estimates adjusted for heliocentric potentials.ConclusionsThe substantial disagreement between NOCCA‐JEM and individual dose estimates of cosmic radiation may lead to exposure misclassification and biased risk estimates in epidemiological studies. Using aggregate data may provide improved estimates. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:386–393, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum levels of interleukin‐6 may predict organ dysfunction earlier than SOFA score
Authors: Shimazui Takashi , Matsumura Yosuke , Nakada Taka‐aki , Oda Shigeto 
Published: March 2017

AimTo investigate the clinical utility of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), procalcitonin (PCT), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) as predictive markers in consideration of the time‐course changes in critically ill patients with organ dysfunction.MethodsSerum levels of IL‐6, PCT, CRP, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores were measured sequentially in 92 patients during their initial 5 days following admission to the intensive care unit. Maximum values were analyzed. Patients were assigned to a low ( ≤ 8), intermediate ( > 8 and ≤ 16), or high ( > 16 and ≤ 24) SOFA score group.ResultsThere were significant differences in the maximum serum levels of IL‐6 and PCT among the three SOFA score groups (IL‐6, P < 0.0001; PCT, P = 0.0004). Specifically, comparisons between the groups revealed significant differences in IL‐6 levels (low versus intermediate, P = 0.0007; intermediate versus high, P = 0.0010). The probability of patients with the maximum value was greatest on day 1 (56.5%) for IL‐6, on day 1 (39.1%) or day 2 (38.0%) for PCT, on day 3 (39.1%) for CRP, and on day 1 (43.5%) for SOFA score. The median (interquartile range) peak day of IL‐6 was day 1 (1–2), which was significantly earlier than that of SOFA score at day 2 (1–3) (P = 0.018).ConclusionSerum levels of IL‐6 reflected the severity of organ dysfunction in critically ill patients most accurately compared to PCT and CRP. Interleukin‐6 elevated soonest from the insult and reached its peak earlier than SOFA score.
Indications of early intubation for patients with inhalation injury
Authors: Onishi Shinya , Osuka Akinori , Kuroki Yuichi , Ueyama Masashi 
Published: March 2017

AimFor patients with inhalation injury, the indications for early intubation are diverse. The purpose of this study was to identify the most reliable symptoms, physical findings, and medical examinations with which to determine the indications for early intubation in patients with inhalation injury.MethodsWe retrospectively collected patient data from medical records. Collected data included age, sex, burn size, symptoms, physical findings, carboxyhemoglobin levels (COHb), and bronchial wall thickness (BWT) determined from chest computed tomography images. We analyzed the relationships between these findings and the early intubation. We performed fiberoptic bronchoscopy in all patients, and analyzed the relationships between bronchoscopic severity and other findings.ResultsOf the 205 patients, 80 patients were diagnosed as having inhalation injury, and 34 patients were intubated. Burn size, facial burns, neck burns, use of accessory respiratory muscles, and COHb seemed to be related with intubation, whereas singed nasal hair was not. If the patients suffered ≥27% total body surface area burn and BWT ≥3.5 mm, the positive predictive value for early intubation was 1.00. If the patients suffered smaller cutaneous burn without neck burn, and their COHb <4.0%, the negative predictive value for early intubation was 0.97. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy findings from above the glottis were mainly related with patients’ symptoms. Findings from below the glottis were mainly related with BWT and COHb.ConclusionsPatients’ symptoms, especially use of accessory respiratory muscles, are reliable, and BWT and COHb are also useful tools, for determining the indication for early intubation.
Model development for work of fracture of hybrid composites
Authors: Hajiha Hamideh , Sain Mohini 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe theoretical modeling for work of fracture of hybrid composites was investigated. Current available models for the work of fracture mostly consider single fiber composites and are not supported by experimental evidence. This is due to the complex nature of work of fracture, and presence of far too many variables for the experimental validation such as interaction of fibers with matrix and with each other. In this work, a model was developed for hybrid composites based on the modification of rule of mixtures, considering pull‐out, fracture, debonding, and stress redistribution for fibers along fracture for matrix. Later, the model was experimentally evaluated by GF‐hemp‐PP hybrid composites, and showed a better agreement in comparison to a prevalent model for work of fracture. Aside from matrix failure, the dominant failure mechanisms were fiber stress redistribution for long fiber composites and fiber pull out for short fiber composites. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44711.
Structural effects on the reprocessability and stress relaxation of crosslinked polyhydroxyurethanes
Authors: Fortman David J. , Brutman Jacob P. , Hillmyer Marc A. , Dichtel William R. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTCrosslinked polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) networks synthesized from difunctional six‐membered cyclic carbonates and triamines are reprocessable at elevated temperatures through transcarbamoylation reactions. Here we study the structural effects on reprocessability and stress relaxation in crosslinked PHUs. Crosslinked PHUs derived from bis(five‐membered cyclic carbonates) are shown to decompose at temperatures needed for reprocessing, likely via initial reversion of the PHU linkage and subsequent side reactions of the liberated amine and cyclic carbonate. Therefore, several six‐membered cyclic carbonate‐based PHUs with varying polymer backbones and crosslink densities were synthesized. These networks show large differences in the Arrhenius activation energy of stress relaxation (from 99 to 136 kJ/mol) that depend on the network structure, suggesting that transcarbamoylation reactions may be highly affected by both chemical and mechanical effects. Furthermore, all crosslinked PHUs derived from six‐membered cyclic carbonates show mechanical properties typical of thermoset polymers, but recovered as much as 80% of their as‐synthesized tensile properties after elevated temperature compression molding. These studies provide significant insight into factors affecting the reprocessability of PHUs and inform design criteria for the future synthesis of sustainable and repairable crosslinked PHUs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44984.
Fixation of cationic P (st‐BA‐AA‐GMA) emulsion on pigment particles in dyeing of cotton fabrics
Authors: Fang Kunjun , Song Tingle , Zhang Kun , Chen Weichao , Cai Yuqing , Hao Longyun 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTCationic copolymer emulsions of St, BA, AA, and GMA were successfully synthesized via semi‐continuous emulsion polymerization. The properties of synthesized cationic emulsions were characterized by monomer conversion and solid content, differential scanning calorimeter, particle size and distribution, zeta potential, and centrifugal stability. The film performance of the cationic emulsions formed on cotton fiber surface was observed by scanning electricity microscopy. The influence of cationic emulsions on the color data, K/S values and rubbing fastness of dyed cotton fabrics was also investigated. The results show that P (St‐BA‐AA‐GMA) emulsion had larger particle size and higher zeta potential than P (St‐BA‐AA) emulsion. When the films were formed at room temperature, P (St‐BA‐AA‐GMA) emulsion film had better performance than P (St‐BA‐AA) emulsion film. The addition of GMA monomers improved the film performance. P (St‐BA‐AA‐GMA) emulsion films formed at 120 °C after acetic acid solution treatment had the best water resistance. Dyed cotton fabrics pretreated with P (St‐BA‐AA‐GMA) emulsion had better pigment dyeing performance than those pretreated with P (St‐BA‐AA) emulsion. It demonstrates that the addition of GMA monomers further improved the effect of pigment dyeing for cotton fabrics with cationic emulsions as binders. With the increase of P (St‐BA‐AA‐GMA) concentration, the color performance of dye fabrics improved while the rubbing fastness decreased a little. But, the handle and fastness still meets the use standards for consumers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44987.
Noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotube using poly(vinylcarbazole)‐based compatibilizer for reinforcement and conductivity improvement in epoxy composite
Authors: Liu Ren , Chen Yaxin , Ma Qiang , Luo Jing , Wei Wei , Liu Xiaoya 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA new compatibilizer [P(GMA‐co‐VCz) copolymer] containing carbazole moiety and reactive epoxide group, which can functionalize multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for making superior epoxy composites, was prepared by a simple one‐pot free radical polymerization. The designed compatibilizer could noncovalently functionalize multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) via π‐π interaction as evidenced from fluorescence, Raman, and FTIR spectra analysis, and efficiently disperse MWCNTs in organic solvents. TEM images suggest a good wrapping of P(GMA‐co‐VCz) on MWCNTs surface. P(GMA‐co‐VCz) functionalized MWCNTs were more homogeneously dispersed in epoxy matrix than the case without compatibilizer, indicating that the compatibilizer improves the compatibility between MWCNTs and epoxy resin. In addition, the presence of epoxide groups in compatibilizer could generate covalent bonds with the epoxy matrix and improve the interface interaction between MWCNTs and epoxy matrix. As a result, mechanical and electrical properties of the epoxy composites with compatibilizer were largely improved as compared with those of composites without compatibilizer. The addition of as little as 0.15 wt % of MWCNTs to epoxy matrix affords a great increase of 40% in storage modulus and 52.5% in elongation at break. Furthermore, a sharp decrease of almost 9 orders of magnitude in volume resistivity of epoxy composite is observed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45022.
Protein refolding is improved by adding nonionic polyethylene glycol monooleyl ethers with various polyethylene glycol lengths
Authors: Yamamoto Etsushi , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Nagamune Teruyuki 
Published: March 2017

AbstractProtein refolding from bacterial inclusion bodies is a crucial step for the production of recombinant proteins, but the refolding step often results in significantly lower yields due to aggregation. To prevent aggregation, chemical additives are often used. However, the ability of additives to effectively increase refolding yields are protein dependent, and therefore, it is important to understand the manner in which the substructures of additives confer suitable properties on protein refolding. We focused attention on nonionic detergents, the polyethylene glycol monooleyl ether (PGME) series, and systematically studied the influence of two to 90 polyethylene glycol (PEG) lengths of PGMEs on the refolding of pig muscle lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hen egg white lysozyme, and yeast α‐glucosidase. PGMEs with longer PEG lengths such as PGME20, 50, and 90 suppressed aggregation, and increased refolding yields. Notably, PGME20 increased the LDH yield to 56.7% from 2.5% without additives. According to the refolding kinetic analysis of LDH, compared with PGME50 and 90, the refolding rate constant in PGME20 solutions remained relatively high at a broad range of concentrations because of its weaker steric hindrance of intramolecular interactions involved in folding, leading to a preference for refolding over aggregation. These findings should provide basic guidelines to identify appropriate PEG‐based nonionic detergents for protein refolding.
Enabling complex genetic circuits to respond to extrinsic environmental signals
Authors: Hoynes‐O'Connor Allison , Shopera Tatenda , Hinman Kristina , Creamer John Philip , Moon Tae Seok 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTGenetic circuits have the potential to improve a broad range of metabolic engineering processes and address a variety of medical and environmental challenges. However, in order to engineer genetic circuits that can meet the needs of these real‐world applications, genetic sensors that respond to relevant extrinsic and intrinsic signals must be implemented in complex genetic circuits. In this work, we construct the first AND and NAND gates that respond to temperature and pH, two signals that have relevance in a variety of real‐world applications. A previously identified pH‐responsive promoter and a temperature‐responsive promoter were extracted from the E. coli genome, characterized, and modified to suit the needs of the genetic circuits. These promoters were combined with components of the type III secretion system in Salmonella typhimurium and used to construct a set of AND gates with up to 23‐fold change. Next, an antisense RNA was integrated into the circuit architecture to invert the logic of the AND gate and generate a set of NAND gates with up to 1168‐fold change. These circuits provide the first demonstration of complex pH‐ and temperature‐responsive genetic circuits, and lay the groundwork for the use of similar circuits in real‐world applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1626–1631. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.