bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kontrastmittel
Authors: Erley Christiane 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungAktuell gilt es, in den nächsten Jahren das akute Nierenversagen (ANV) nach der Gabe jodhaltiger Kontrastmittel (KM) neu und präzise zu
definieren. Hierbei kann es durchaus sein, dass die Entität „contrast-induced nephropathy“ (CIN) oder Kontrastmittelnephrotoxizität als
eigenständiges „Krankheitsbild“ insbesondere bei der Indikation einer KM-Gabe im Rahmen einer CT-Untersuchung nicht mehr aufrechterhalten
werden kann (Stichwort Hintergrundrauschen). Ob sich weitere spezifische Präventionsmaßnamen in den nächsten Jahren erarbeiten lassen und ob
diese wirklich speziell auf die Nierenfunktionsverschlechterung nach KM zielen, bleibt abzuwarten. Unbenommen ist aber, dass ein (wenn auch
nur laborchemisch nachweisbares) Nierenversagen eine für die Patienten äußerst folgenschwere Entwicklung im Hinblick auf seine Mortalität
und Morbidität darstellt. Aktuell kann man lediglich die Empfehlung geben, Risikopatienten (hier v. a. Patienten mit bekannter Einschränkung
der GFR) nicht zu dehydrieren und die zusätzliche Gabe nephrotoxischer Medikamente (v. a. NSAID) bei Kontrastmittelapplikation zu vermeiden.
Spezifische pharmakologische oder therapeutische Interventionen sind aufgrund der derzeitigen Datenlage nicht mit einem hohen Evidenzgrad
belegt. Eine klinisch notwendige Untersuchung (z. B. Koronarangiografie oder kontrastangehobenes CT zur Gefäßdiagnostik) sollte auch
Patienten mit eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion nicht vorenthalten werden. Die Durchführung eines MRT mittels eines gadoliniumhaltigen
Kontrastmittels ist durchaus eine Alternative, wobei hier die neuesten Beobachtungen einer Ablagerung im Hirn bei mehrfacher Applikation
beachtet werden sollte.
East Asian Gothic: a definition
Authors: Balmain Colette 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper offers a definition of East Asian Gothic cinema in which a shared cultural mythology, based upon cultural proximity and intra-regional homologies, provides a cinematic template of ghosts and ghouls together with a grotesque menagerie of shapeshifting animals, imagined as either deities or demons. East Asian Gothic is an umbrella term which encompasses the cinemas of PRC, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea, acknowledging the difficult histories and conflicts between the nations, as well as film making practices and industries. This is in opposition to critical work which views East Asian gothic and horror films as extensions of Japanese horror, and therefore J-Horror as a meta-genre; for example David Kalat in J-Horror (2007) and Axelle Carolyn in It Lives Again! Horror Films in the New Millennium (2008), or focus almost solely on the relationship between contemporary Western and East Asian Horror cinema through an analysis of the remake. In order to demonstrate the transnational and regional flows that form East Asian gothic cinema, this paper focuses in on one of the oldest and most enduring gothic figures found in literature and mythology across East Asia, the nine-tailed fox: known as the huli jin in China, gumiho in Korea and kitsune in Japan. While much has been written about the vengeful ghost, little attention has been paid to that of the fox-spirit even though ‘she’ is ubiquitous in East Asian popular culture. On screen, the fox-spirit (also known as the fox fairy) is either represented as a variation of the femme fatale or the sacrificial woman—or indeed both in some cases—creating a parallel between existing gender relation and the gothic imaginary. This paper explores the representation of the fox-spirit in contemporary Chinese cinema, at two ends of the spectrum in terms of budget and ambition, the big budget, CGI spectacular, Painted Skin (Hua Pi; dir. Gordon Chan, China/Hong Kong/Singapore, 2008) and the low-budget, low fi, The Extreme Fox (dir. Wellson Chin, Hong Kong, 2014) in order to map out the multiple border crossings which are constitutive of East Asian Gothic: while Painted Skin is representative of a global, or globalising trend, in East Asian Gothic Cinema, The Extreme Fox can be understood as resistant to globalisation through the emphasis on the local and the regional.
Effect of dietary fermented mushroom bed on egg production in laying hens
Authors: Yoshida Shu , Mitani Hiroaki , Kamata Masato , Ohtsuka Akira , Otomaru Konosuke , Obi Takeshi , Kanouchi Hiroaki 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Egg productivity is declined by stress. It has been reported that some food supplements can improve the egg productivity due to a reduction of environmental stress. We evaluated the effect of fermented waste mushroom bed (FWMB) as a dietary additive on egg productivity. Hens were fed control food (control group, n = 100) or 3% FWMB-added food (FWMB group, n = 100) for 16 months. The number of eggs, soft-shelled eggs, and broken eggs were recorded for 15 months. We also evaluated stress-related markers (ovotransferrin, lipid peroxide, and the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio). The FWMB group had slightly increased egg production compared with control hens. The FWMB group produced significantly less broken and soft-shelled eggs than the control group. All stress-related markers were significantly lower in the FWMB group than in the control group. Gut flora was also affected by FWMB feeding. The increased egg production and decreased proportion of broken and soft-shelled eggs might be related to the prevention of stressful conditions by FWMB.
Brazilian think tanks and the rise of austerity discourse
Authors: Ladi Stella , Lazarou Elena , Hauck Juliana 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This article discusses the role of think tanks in the production of ideas guiding recent change in Brazil’s economic policy. It claims that think tanks are significant policy-making agents preparing the society for change – via their communicative discourse – but also attempting to influence the interaction between political elites – via their coordinative discourse. The polarization of think tanks’ communicative discourse in regard to austerity during two critical junctures for Brazil is analysed. Discursive institutionalism is applied in order to interpret data from four Brazilian think tanks: the Institute of Applied Economic Research, the Inter-Union Department of Statistics and Socioeconomic Studies, the Fernand Braudel Institute and the Brazilian Institute of Economy. These think tanks have very different organizational and ideological characteristics but a polarization of the discussion around austerity can be observed in the discourse of all four of them. The scale ranges from an active defence of the Brazilian development model to a full-scale endorsement of austerity.
Effective Log-Free Zero Density Estimates for Automorphic L-Functions and the Sato–Tate Conjecture
Authors: Lemke Oliver Robert J , Thorner Jesse 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLet $K/\mathbb{Q}$ be a number field. Let π and π′ be cuspidal automorphic representations of $\textrm{GL}_{d}(\mathbb{A}_{K})$ and $\textrm{GL}_{d^{\prime }}(\mathbb{A}_{K})$. We prove an unconditional and effective log-free zero density estimate for all automorphic L-functions L(s, π) and prove a similar estimate for Rankin–Selberg L-functions L(s, π × π′) when π or π′ satisfies the Ramanujan conjecture. As applications, we make effective Moreno’s analog of Hoheisel’s short interval prime number theorem and extend it to the context of the Sato–Tate conjecture; additionally, we bound the least prime in the Sato–Tate conjecture in analogy with Linnik’s theorem on the least prime in an arithmetic progression. We also prove effective log-free density estimates for automorphic L-functions averaged over twists by Dirichlet characters, which allows us to prove an “average Hoheisel” result for GLdL-functions.
Microglia Activation and Gene Expression Alteration of Neurotrophins in the Hippocampus Following Early-Life Exposure to E-Cigarette Aerosols in a Murine Model
Authors: Zelikoff Judith T , Parmalee Nancy L , Corbett Kevin , Gordon Terry , Klein Catherine B , Aschner Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecent epidemiological data indicate that the popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), and consequently nicotine use, is rising in both adolescent and adult populations. As nicotine is a known developmental neurotoxin, these products present a potential threat for those exposed during early life stages. Despite this, few studies have evaluated the toxicity of e-cigarettes on the developing central nervous system. The goal of this study was to assess neurotoxicity resulting from early-life exposure to electronic cigarette aerosols in an in vivo model. Specifically, studies here focused on neuro-parameters related to neuroinflammation and neurotrophins. To accomplish this, pregnant and neonatal C57BL/6 mice were exposed to aerosols produced from classic tobacco flavor e-cigarette cartridges (with [13 mg/ml] and without nicotine) during gestation (∼3 weeks) and lactation (∼3 weeks) via whole-body inhalation. Exposure to e-cigarette aerosols with and without nicotine caused significant reductions in hippocampal gene expression of Ngfr and Bdnf, as well as in serum levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6. Exposure to e-cigarette aerosols without nicotine enhanced expression of Iba-1, a specific marker of microglia, in the cornus ammonis 1 region of the hippocampus. Overall, our novel results indicate that exposure to e-cigarette aerosols, with and without nicotine, poses a considerable risk to the developing central nervous system. Consequently, e-cigarettes should be considered a potential public health threat, especially early in life, requiring further research and policy considerations.
Opioid Dependence and Pregnancy: Minimizing Stress on the Fetal Brain
Authors: McCarthy J.J. , Leamon M.H. , Finnegan L.P. , Fassbender C. 
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(3):226–231)
A 127% increase in women presenting for delivery who were opioid-dependent occurred between 1998 and 2011. This is associated with increased risk for comorbid medical conditions and mortality. The US Government Accountability Office published a report identifying gaps in knowledge concerning the care of women and neonates at risk for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). There are 3 situations in which chronic opioid use and/or exposure occurs: pain management, active untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) and OUD treated with methadone or buprenorphine. Each situation should be treated differently when assessing effects on neonates. This paper, informed by published research and clinical practice in a methadone/buprenorphine treatment program including a specialized pregnancy program, reviewed these different types of opioid dependence in pregnant women and identified areas in which more research is needed.
Drug Delivery to the Human and Mouse Uterus Using Immunoliposome Targeted to the Oxytocin Receptor
Authors: Paul J.W. , Hua S. , Ilicic M. , Tolosa J.M. , Butler T. , Robertson S. , Smith R. 
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(3):283.e1–283.e14)
There is a need for pharmacotherapy during preterm labor, postpartum hemorrhage and other obstetric complications that is safe, effective and specifically targets uterine myocytes with minimal side effects. One emerging mode to deliver agents to specific tissues is targeted liposomes, which are artificial vesicles composed of ≥1 phospholipid bilayers. This study examined the possibility of developing a method for targeting uterine myometrial tissue with therapeutic agents using an immunoliposome platform.
Targeted Nanoparticles in Pregnancy: A New Frontier in Perinatal Therapeutics
Authors: Refuerzo J.S. , Longo M. , Godin B. 
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(3):204–205)
This editorial advocates for the continued collective effort in perinatal medicine to employ principles of nanomedicine to improve maternal and fetal care. Nanomedicine may be able to increase the safety and efficacy of a drug by manipulating physical and chemical properties of the particles (such as size and surface chemistry) to vector it preferentially to the affected tissue, minimizing fetal exposure and combating risks associated with systemic drug toxicities to the mother and the developing fetus. Such targeted delivery of drugs to the maternal organs could revolutionize the treatment of high-risk patients for conditions such as growth abnormalities and preterm labor.
The Epidemiology and Outcomes of Women With Postpartum Hemorrhage Requiring Massive Transfusion With 8 or More Units of Red Cells: A National Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Green L. , Knight M. , Seeney F.M. , Hopkinson C. , Collins P.W. , Collis R.E. , Simpson N.A.B. , Weeks A. , Stanworth S.S. 
Published: November 2017

(BJOG. 2016;123:2164–2170)
The frequency of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and the rates of severe adverse outcomes associated with PPH have increased in developed countries over the last 10 to 15 years. PPH also remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The multifactorial approach to treating PPH consists of early identification and supportive resuscitation, along with pharmacological, mechanical and surgical methods to control bleeding. A population-based cross-sectional study was undertaken using the United Kingdom Obstetric Surveillance System to determine the incidence of massive transfusion (MT) in obstetrics in the UK and to determine the management practices used and the outcomes for parturients receiving MT.
Incidence of Fever in Labor and Risk of Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Towers C.V. , Yates A. , Zite N. , Smith C. , Chernicky L. , Howard B. 
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(6):596.e1–596.e5)
Maternal fever alone during labor may be a sign of chorioamnionitis and an indication for antibiotic therapy. However, there are no published obstetrical guidelines devoted to the management of chorioamnionitis. Reports of physician diagnosed chorioamnionitis may underestimate rates (3.1% whereas a few large studies suggest it to be closer to 7%), and clinical management varies across institutions. Therefore, in the present study, authors evaluated the rate of fever during labor and assessed risk for early-onset neonatal sepsis in newborns delivered from mothers with intrapartum fever compared with those delivered from mothers without fever.
An Economic Analysis of Immediate Delivery and Expectant Monitoring in Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Between 34 and 37 Weeks of Gestation (HYPITAT-II)
Authors: van Baaren G-J , Broekhuijsen K. , van Pampus M.G. , Ganzevoort W. , Sikkema J.M. , Woiski M.D. , Oudijk M.A. , Bloemenkamp K.W.M. , Scheepers H.C.J. , Bremer H.A. , Rijnders R.J.P. , van Loon A.J. , Perquin D.A.M. , Sporken J.M.J. , Papatsonis D.N.M. , van Huizen M.E. , Vredevoogd C.B. , Brons J.T.J. , Kaplan M. , van Kaam A.H. , Groen H. , Porath M. , van den Berg P.P. , Mol B.W.J. , Franssen M.T.M. , Langenveld J. 
Published: November 2017

(BJOG. 2017;124:453–461)
An economic analysis of the previously reported HYPITAT-II study was undertaken to assess the relative costs of delivering a preterm fetus versus expectant monitoring in women with nonsevere hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The HYPAT-II study included 703 pregnant women in the Netherlands between 34 and 37 weeks gestation with preterm nonsevere hypertensive disorders. They were randomly allocated to either immediate delivery upon diagnosis (n=352) or expectant monitoring of the mother and fetus (n=351). The HYPAT-II study found that expectant monitoring was the more clinically effective strategy as it resulted in significantly fewer cases of respiratory distress syndrome in the infant with a relatively small impact on maternal health. This current study was performed simultaneously with the HYPITAT-II trial with the goal of determining which of the 2 treatments was more cost effective.
The Effect of Maternal Low Flow Oxygen Administration During the Second Stage of Labour on Umbilical Cord Artery pH: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Qian G. , Xu X. , Chen L. , Xia S. , Wang A. , Chuai Y. , Jiang W. 
Published: November 2017

(BJOG. 2017;124:678–685)
Oxygen is routinely used in the United States for intrauterine resuscitation when fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormalities are present. In fact, an American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Practice Bulletin recommended its use as a component of intrauterine resuscitation. It is also commonly used by obstetricians prophylactically during the second stage of labor. However, its efficacy has been debated. Some studies have shown increased maternal oxygen levels with no increase in fetal levels while other studies did report an increase in fetal oxygen saturation when maternal oxygen supplementation was administered. No randomized controlled trials have looked at the effects of supplemental maternal oxygen on nonreassuring FHR and just 2 small trials investigated the effect of prophylactic oxygen administration during the second stage of labor. Finally, hyperoxia has been shown to cause vasoconstriction, including vessels of the placenta and umbilical cord, which could lead to the conclusion that oxygen administration during intrauterine resuscitation may be harmful. This randomized, controlled study evaluated the effects on umbilical artery pH of low flow maternal oxygen administration during the second stage of labor.
Preprocedural Ultrasound Assessment Does Not Improve Trainee Performance of Spinal Anesthesia for Obstetrical Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Turkstra T.P. , Marmai K.L. , Armstrong K.P. , Kumar K. , Singh S.I. 
Published: November 2017

(J Clin Anesth. 2017;37:21–24)
Although spinal ultrasound can assist with identification of axial anatomical structures and intervertebral spaces, there are ergonomic challenges with needle angulation and depth. In fact, some studies with residents have suggested that there is no benefit to using ultrasound assistance for epidural placement. However, these studies were limited by small size or specificity to center. In the present study, the authors evaluated the impact of additional information provided by preprocedural ultrasound examination among trainee anesthesiologists performing spinal anesthesia in obstetric patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery in a blinded, randomized controlled trial.
Perimortem Caesarean Section: 2 Cases performed in New Zealand Hospitals
Authors: De Silva P.H. , Maharaj D. , Langdana F. 
Published: November 2017

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2016;56(6):662–665)
Cardiac disease in pregnancy is a leading cause of indirect death in developed countries. Because the gravid uterus can impair chest compression effectiveness, ventilation, and venous return to the heart during resuscitation efforts during cardiac arrest, it is recommended that perimortem cesarean section (PMCS) be undertaken in such situations, in order to improve resuscitation efforts. The current guideline advises that PMCS be considered at 4 minutes of resuscitation if spontaneous circulation has not been restored, with the goal of delivering the fetus within 1 to 2 minutes. Although PMCS is relatively rare (it is estimated that PMCS is necessary every 53,000 maternities) it is still crucial that clinicians are trained to detect and intervene when PMCS is required. The present case report discussed 2 of 8 PMCS performed in New Zealand hospitals between 2006 and 2013.
Minimizing Blood Loss at Cesarean Hysterectomy for Placenta Previa Percreta
Authors: Belfort M.A. , Shamshiraz A.A. , Fox K. 
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(1):78.e1–78.e2)
When performing a cesarean hysterectomy for placenta percreta, a classical hysterotomy is often created, which can lead to significant blood loss (500 to 800 mL) before performing the hysterectomy. Reducing blood loss during this part of the surgery could lower overall blood loss and therefore the quantity of blood product transfusion and/or crystalloid/colloid infusion.
Role of epigenetics and DNA-damage in asthma
Authors: Zahiruddin Adil S. , Grant J. Andrew , Sur Sanjiv 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
Although asthma is a common disease worldwide, its pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. There is increasing evidence of the interaction between epigenetics, DNA-damage, and environmental allergens in the development of asthma. In this review, we will focus on the role of epigenetics and DNA-damage in asthma.

Recent findings
There is growing evidence of environmental allergens, particularly house dust mite, stimulating oxidative DNA damage in airway epithelial cells. The repair of this DNA damage has been implicated in the secretion of Th2 cytokines and the induction of allergic inflammation.

Summary
Studies of the role of epigenetics, DNA-damage, and environmental allergens have begun to reveal the their complex interactions and their roles in the development of asthma. Further study in these areas may lead to novel prevention and treatment approaches.
VANGL1 Is Not Associated With the Susceptibility of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in the Chinese Population
Authors: Xu Leilei , Sheng Fei , Xia Chao , Feng Zhenhua , Qiu Yong , Zhu Zezhang 
Published: November 2017

Study Design.
A case-control study.

Objective.
To replicate the association between the VANGL1 gene and the susceptibility of AIS in the Chinese population.

Summary of Background Data.
The mutations of VANGL1 gene were recently reported to be associated with AIS in the Danish population. However, there is a lack of replication in other populations. Further analysis of the functional role of VANGL1 in AIS was warranted.

Methods.
A total of 1481 female AIS patients and 1372 age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. single nucleotide variant (SNV)s c.407T > A and c.1318T > G were genotyped using allelic-specific multiple ligase detection reactions. single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)s covering VANGL1 gene were selected using Haploview (v2.6). The associations between theses SNPs and AIS were investigated through Cochran-Armitage trend test by PLINK (v1.90). Relative mRNA expression of VANGL1 in the paraspinal muscles was analyzed for 30 patients and 24 age-matched controls. The difference of mRNA expression level between the two groups was analyzed with the Student t test.

Results.
There was no case of mutation for all the subjects. A total of 22 SNPs covering VANGL1 were analyzed. All the SNPs were found to have comparable distribution of genotype and allele frequency in the cases and the controls. Moreover, there was no significant difference regarding the mRNA expression of VANGL1 in the two groups.

Conclusion.

VANGL1 gene is not associated with AIS in the Chinese population. Replication studies in other ethnic groups are warranted to further clarify the role of the VANGL1 gene in AIS.

Level of Evidence: 4
What is in the Literature?
Authors: Bromberg Mark B. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This edition of “What is in the Literature?” will focus on motor neuron disease (MND), including adult forms [amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), progressive bulbar palsy (PBA), and monomelic mononeuropathy (MMND)], and childhood forms [spinal muscle atrophy (SMA)].