bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Outcome of Goodpasture Syndrome
Authors: Ristovska Vesna , Kondov Borislav , Grcevska Ladislava 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGoodpasture syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease, with significant morbidity and mortality in young people and otherwise healthy population. Complete disease remission is possible with prompt diagnosis and treatment. We report 3 cases with Goodpasture syndrome treated at the Department of Nephrology, University Clinic of Nephrology, with different outcome. All of the patients were with similar clinical feature, with renal failure that needed treatment with hemodialysis. But results of the treatment with plasmapheresis indicate that this procedure reduces morbidity in patients with Goodpasture syndrome. The clinical course and the outcome of the disease were different. The disease is unpredictable, and the early diagnosis and start with the treatment is important for the remission.
The local community perception of tourism development. The case study of Gryfino County – Western Pomerania, Poland
Authors: Głąbiński Zbigniew , Duda Tomasz 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
An increasing number of people from various countries have seen tourism as a chance to develop local economy and quality of life. The article presents the results of the analysis of tourism potential of Gryfino County in Western Pomerania in Poland and confronts them with how it is perceived by the residents. Although the county abounds in great tourist attractions, both of natural and cultural nature and is favourably located in geographic terms, tourism is developing very slowly. In order to examine the reasons for the current situation, an attempt to survey the opinion of the local community on this subject was made by applying the method of Focus Group Interviews. The results emphasise the significance of local community for tourism development in a region.
Renting Shacks: Tenancy in the informal housing sector of the Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Gunter Ashley , Massey Ruth 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Informal settlements are where a significant proportion of urban population find shelter in the cities of the Global South. In some cities, this settlement type is the norm and urban residence are forced into these areas due to a lack of formal housing capacity. Housing tenure in the informal sector is tenuous and the most vulnerable of this group are those who find rental housing in the sector. The idea of a slumlord within this context is one of exploitation and abuse, this study explores the slumlord tenant relationship within informal settlements in Gauteng, South Africa. The study found that there is a symbiotic relationship between landlords and tenants where the informal economy fills a gap in the low income market. While there are issues of exploitation within the informal rental market, this large, unregulated and growing sector points to a significant need for more low cost housing within the formal sector.
Human capital of the child population and its selected determinants: Case study of Lviv city, Ukraine
Authors: Pantyley Viktoriya 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In conditions of modern economic and political destabilisation in Ukraine, human capital of the child population is considered as the most reliable indicator of socioeconomic development of the country and its regions. The primary goal of the study is the analysis of health status as the main element of human capital among the child population aged 0-14, and external and family environmental factors influencing this population group in the city of Lviv (in the light of available statistics and materials of the author’s own sociological research). Research results show a potential crisis of human capital among the child population in Lviv city. Results of own field research show a statistically important correlation between the willingness of parents to have more children and the following independent variables: number of members in the household, and the household’s income. The state of health among the child population showed a significant correlation between the following variables: household’s income, life satisfaction among parents, availability of healthcare in the place of residence, financial affordability of healthcare, physical activity among children, influence of noise and unpleasant scents.
Multi-scalar geographies of polarisation and peripheralisation: A case study of Czechia
Authors: Šimon Martin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A key issue in socio-economic geography is to understand how regional and social polarisation shapes the territorial organisation of society. We argue that effects of polarisation are not translated simply and straightforwardly in a whole region, but vary to a large extent with respect to different types of accessibility areas. We applied the time-accessibility framework to classify a territory into urban, peri-urban, rural, and remote rural areas at a national and regional scale. Subsequently, we computed comparative indicators for this territorial classification, measuring three dimensions of peripherality for a period of thirty years. The analysis illustrates how polarisation and peripheralisation works at a detailed spatial level. A case study of the Ústí region shows re-polarisation and bi-polarisation of the region in its path from socialist urbanisation in the 1980s to regional peripheralisation in 2011. The use of the time-accessibility framework allows to assess regional changes within long-term and broader changes of core-periphery relations at national level and thus allows for a better understanding of the different nature of socialist and post-socialist peripheries. Finally, the article offers methodical procedures and tools allowing for a comparable research of polarisation and peripheralisation. Thus, it is responding to the call for more comparative research of peripheral areas in Europe.
Longitudinal correlations of car ownership with socio-economics, urban form, and transport infrastructure in Latin America: Example from Ensenada, Mexico
Authors: Roque Daniela , Masoumi Houshmand E. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Car-orientated modal splits represent problems for the city in economic, environmental and social terms. The implementation of policies and other measures can fail if the causes are not well recognized. Mid-sized cities in Mexico are not well-represented in studies where only the capital and other bigger cities are studied. This research aims to recognize those causes focusing on northern midsized cities in Mexico. The approach involves numerical work (linear regression) complemented with a descriptive analysis of the city. The analysis takes on such areas of consideration as socio-economic factors, land-use variables and the street network of the city. Of the 16 variables, almost all presented a relationship with car ownership levels, but not all behaved as expected. The final part of the research is a reaction to the previous studies and recommendations to change the city from car-orientated to one with a sustainable modal split.
Effect of Inventory Change in a Liquid – Solid Circulating Fluidized Bed (LSCFB)
Authors: Gnanasundaram Nirmala , Venugopal Aswin , Katragadda Yesaswin , Ullas Gokul 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Circulating fluidized beds (CFB) play a major role in the chemical industry especially as heterogeneous catalytic reactors. Research on hydrodynamic properties of Liquid – Solid CFBs (LSCFB) is significantly under-reported as compared to Gas – Solid CFBs (GSCFB). Steadily, prominent research is being established in fields like food industry (whey protein recovery), waste management (removal of heavy metals from radioactive wastes) and others, which use LSCFBs. In this context, it is important to have significant knowledge about the changes occurring in hydrodynamic properties like solid hold-up, rate of solid circulation etc., on changing certain critical physical properties such as inventory height. An LSCFB of height 2.95 m and riser outer diameter 0.1 m was chosen and the effect of inventory height on the properties was studied by taking the initial inventory heights as 15 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm. The hydrodynamic studies concentrated on axial solid holdup, average solid holdup, solid circulation rate and slip velocity. On increasing the inventory, uniformity of axial solid holdup was confirmed along with studying holdup patterns. Solid flux was seen to follow an inverse relationship to holdup, as expected. The change in slip velocity with varying inventory was also checked, and was found to decrease with inventory. The distribution parameter, Co of the drift flux model was used to determine the extent of non-uniformity in solid distribution. Co was calculated to be less than unity in the range of 0.983–0.994, suggesting non-uniformity in solid distribution, with higher solid concentration by the walls compared to the core.
Financialization and Commodity Market Stability
Authors: Zelazny Jan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractStability in supply of commodities is essential for manufacturing and doing business. This fact is unchangeable despite the passage of time and only the ways of trading of commodities differ. Especially in recent decades, the global economy has changed significantly and one of the major factors fueling its transformation is financialization. This phenomenon, gaining importance with the beginning of the 21st century, affects all areas of the economy. Commodity markets are not free of it either. This leads to various structural changes in terms of ways of trading, price formation and volatility in commodity markets. The aim of this article is to investigate the roots of financialization of commodity markets, and to assess its influence on their stabilitythrough investigation of time series data from 1991 to 2015 and examining correlation coefficients. The results of the study conducted for the purposes of this article depict not only the volatility of commodity markets, but also a positive correlation between prices of major commodities over the examined period and a positive correlation between prices of major commodities and equity markets from 2009 up to 2012, thus the period of recovery after the subprime mortgage crisis.
Analysis of Some Inner Factors Affecting the Lending Rate and Commercial Bank Behavior
Authors: Ali Zulfiqar , Bashir Zahid , Arshad Muhammad Usman , Ghazali Ahmed , Asif Muhammad , Khan Fahad Najeeb 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This research study aims to investigate the potential inner factors of the lending rate in the commercial banking sector of Pakistan. For this purpose, seven bank-specific explanatory variables (capital adequacy, management efficiency, liquidity, asset quality, investment to asset, loan to asset and deposit to asset ratios) were selected to determine their impact on lending behavior. Panel data techniques were emplyed on secondary data collected from the annual financial reports from a sample of ninteen major commercial banks over a period of 2007 to 2014. For the purpose of analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and panel data techniques for regression analysis such as the fixed effect regression models were considered after conforming to the Hausman specification (1978) test. The findings of this study revealed that only four out of seven explanatory variables (ratio of investment to total assets, deposit to asset, loan to asset and liquidity ratio) have a significant relationship with lending rate. Two of the significant determinants (liquidity ratio and investment to asset ratio) are positively correlated while the remaining two significant explanatory variables (loan to asset ratio and deposit to asset ratio) are found negatively correlated with lending rate. The findings of the study are applicable to the banking sector of Pakistan. The current study ignored the use of macro factors like GDP and inflation, etc. which could be used in future research.
Cyclodimerization of 3-phenacylideneoxindolines with amino esters for the synthesis of dispiro[indoline-3,1′-cyclopentane-3′,3″-indolines]
Authors: Yang Ren-Yin , Sun Jing , Xie Ju , Yan Chao-Guo 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Triethylamine-promoted domino cyclodimerization reaction of 3-phenacylideneoxindolines with amino ester hydrochlorides in acetonitrile afforded substituted dispiro[indoline-3,1′-cyclopentane-3′,3″-indolines] in good yields. The relative configuration of the major diastereoisomers was determined by the X-ray diffraction analysis of three single crystal structures.
Electromyographical Comparison of a Traditional, Suspension Device, and Towel Pull-Up
Authors: Snarr Ronald L. , Hallmark Ashleigh V. , Casey Jason C. , Esco Michael R. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Strengthening muscles of the back may have various implications for improving functions of daily living, aiding in the transfer of power in throwing, and assist in injury prevention of the shoulder complex. While several versions of the pull-up exist, there is currently no literature comparing their differences. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the electromyographical activity of the latissimus dorsi, posterior deltoid, middle trapezius, and biceps brachii while performing three variations of the pull-up. Resistance-trained men and women (n =15, age = 24.87 ± 6.52 years) participated in this study by performing traditional pull-ups, suspension device pull-ups, and towel pull-ups in a randomized fashion. Each pull-up was performed for three repetitions with a 1.5 bi-acromial grip-width for each participant. Normalized (%MVC) electromyographical values were recorded for each muscle group during each pull-up variation. No significant differences existed within the latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii or posterior deltoid between any of the exercises. For the middle trapezius, towel pull-ups provided significantly lower muscle activity than the traditional pull-up, while no differences between suspension pull-ups and the other variations occurred. In conclusion, only one muscular difference existed between the exercise variations and all versions examined provided electromyographical values, determined by current literature, to invoke a sufficient stimulus to promote increases in muscle strength and hypertrophy. Although further research is needed, practitioners can be confident when programming any of the movement variations examined when attempting to elicit adaptations of muscular strength and hypertrophy.
Increased Prevalence of the IL-6 -174C Genetic Polymorphism in Long Distance Swimmers
Authors: Ben-Zaken Sigal , Meckel Yoav , Nemet Dan , Kassem Eias , Eliakim Alon 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The IL-6 -174G/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) functionally affects IL-6 activity, with the G-allele associated with increased IL-6 levels. The C-allele was found to be associated with exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the IL-6 -174G/C polymorphism and athletic performance among elite swimmers and runners. The study sample included 180 track and field athletes and 80 swimmers. Track and field athletes were assigned to three sub-groups: long-distance runners, middle-distance runners and short-distance runners. Swimmers were assigned to two subgroups: long-distance swimmers and short-distance swimmers. The control group consisted of 123 non-athletic healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood following a standard protocol. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The CC genotype and C-allele frequency were significantly higher in the long-distance swimmers (18 and 43%, respectively) compared to the long-distance runners (3 and 14%, respectively, p < 0.001); middle-distance runners (4 and 22%, respectively, p < 0.001); and controls (5 and 19%, respectively, p < 0.001). In addition, the CC genotype and C-allele frequency were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in long-distance swimmers compared to short-distance swimmers (18 versus 5% and 43 versus 29% for the CC genotype and C-allele frequency, respectively). The higher frequency of the C-allele and CC genotype among long-distance swimmers suggests that the rarity of exercise-associated rhabdomyolysis among swimmers is probably related to other sports-specific or water-related protective mechanisms. It is possible that swimming selection in talented endurance athletes who are C-allele carriers represents an example of genetically-dependent sports selection.
Creatine Kinase and Lactate Dehydrogenase Responses After Different Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Protocols
Authors: Callegari Gustavo A. , Novaes Jefferson S. , Neto Gabriel R. , Dias Ingrid , Garrido Nuno D. , Dani Caroline 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) after performing different resistance and aerobic exercise protocols. Twelve recreationally trained men (age, 23.2 ± 5.6 years; body mass, 84.3 ± 9.3 kg; body height, 178.9 ± 4.5 cm; and BMI, 26.3 ± 2.3 kg·m2) volunteered to participate in this study. All subjects were randomly assigned to four experimental protocols (crossover): (a) aerobic training at 60% of VO2max, (b) aerobic training at 80% of VO2max, (c) a resistance exercise (RE) session with a bi-set protocol, and (d) an RE session with a multiple sets protocol. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after and 24 hours following the experimental protocols. After 24 hours, there was a significant increase in CK for the 80% of VO2max protocol vs. the bi-set RE session (p = 0.016). Immediately after the protocols, we observed a significant increase in LDH among certain groups compared to others, as follows: multiple sets RE session vs. 60% of VO2max, bi-set RE session vs. 60% of VO2max, multiple sets RE session vs. 80% of VO2max, and bi-set RE session vs. 80% of VO2max (p = 0.008, p = 0.013; p = 0.002, p = 0.004, respectively). In conclusion, aerobic exercise performed at 80% of VO2max appears to elevate plasma CK levels more than bi-set RE sessions. However, the bi-set and multiple sets RE sessions appeared to trigger greater levels of blood LDH compared to aerobic protocols performed at 60% and 80% of VO2max.
Relationships Between Sprint, Jumping and Strength Abilities, and 800 M Performance in Male Athletes of National and International Levels
Authors: Bachero-Mena Beatriz , Pareja-Blanco Fernando , Rodríguez-Rosell David , Yáñez-García Juan Manuel , Mora-Custodio Ricardo , González-Badillo Juan José 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This study analysed the relationships between sprinting, jumping and strength abilities, with regard to 800 m running performance. Fourteen athletes of national and international levels in 800 m (personal best: 1:43-1:58 min:ss) completed sprint tests (20 m and 200 m), a countermovement jump, jump squat and full squat test as well as an 800 m race. Significant relationships (p < 0.01) were observed between 800 m performance and sprint tests: 20 m (r = 0.72) and 200 m (r = 0.84). Analysing the 200 m run, the magnitude of the relationship between the first to the last 50 m interval times and the 800 m time tended to increase (1st 50 m: r = 0.71; 2nd 50 m: r = 0.72; 3rd 50 m: r = 0.81; 4th 50 m: r = 0.85). Performance in 800 m also correlated significantly (p < 0.01-0.05) with strength variables: the countermovement jump (r = -0.69), jump squat (r = -0.65), and full squat test (r = -0.58). Performance of 800 m in high-level athletes was related to sprint, strength and jumping abilities, with 200 m and the latest 50 m of the 200 m being the variables that most explained the variance of the 800 m performance.
Heavy vs Light Load Single-Joint Exercise Performance with Different Rest Intervals
Authors: Senna Gilmar Weber , Rodrigues Bernardo Minelli , Sandy Daniel , Scudese Estevão , Bianco Antonino , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effect of three distinct rest period lengths between sets of upper body single-joint exercise with different load zones and volume designed for either endurance or hypertrophy (50% or 80% of 1-RM). Sixteen trained men (20.75 ± 2.54 years; 76.35 ± 5.03 kg; 176.75 ± 3.33 cm, 24.53 ± 1.47 kg/m2) performed a test and retest of 1-RM on non-consecutive days. Forty-eight hours after load testing, the participants were randomly assigned to six sessions consisting of four sets of the triceps pull-down, combining different intensities with distinct rest periods between sets. The shorter 1 minute rest promoted a significant reduction in the total repetition number compared to 3 minute rest for both workloads. There was a difference between 3 and 5 minute conditions for the 50% of 1-RM that did not occur for the 80% of 1-RM condition. Both intensities presented significant interaction values for the rest conditions vs. each set (50% p = 0.0001; 80% p = 0.0001). Additionally, significant values were found for the main effect of the performance of subsequent sets (50% p = 0.003; 80% p = 0.001) and rest conditions (50% p = 0.0001; 80% p = 0.0001). In conclusion, for heavier loads (80%) to fatigue, longer rest of 3 to 5 minutes seems to allow for better recovery between sets and thus, promotes a greater volume. However, when training with lighter loads (50%), the magnitude of the rest seems to directly affect the performance of subsequent sets, and also presents a correlation with total volume achieved for the upper body single-joint exercise scheme.
The Predictors and Determinants of Inter-Seasonal Success in a Professional Soccer Team
Authors: Kite Christopher S. , Nevill Alan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The aims of this study were to 1) directly compare the performances of a professional soccer team over three seasons, 2) identify key variables that discriminated between a successful or unsuccessful performance, and 3) identify variables that best predicted success. ANOVA revealed that attempted and completed passes were significantly lower (both p < 0.001) in the most successful season (S1). Additionally, shot effectiveness was significantly less (p < 0.001) in their least successful season (S3) (vs S1 -11.61%; d = 0.735; vs S2 -12.02%; d = 0.760). When the match outcome was considered, they attempted significantly fewer passes when they won (-60.26; p = 0.002; d = -0.729) or drew (-44.87; p = 0.023; d = -0.543) compared to when they lost. The binary logistic regression analysis also retained passing variables. The team should attempt fewer passes, but ensure that more of these passes are completed. With away matches, the effect became more pronounced (β = -0.042, OR = 0.959, p = 0.012). In conclusion, the team should adopt a more direct style of play. They should move the ball into a shooting position with fewer passes and ensure that more shots are on the target.