bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Academic Discourse in Polish Specialised Literature
Authors: Król-Kumor Martyna 
Published: October 2017

The article is an attempt at reconstructing the concept of academic discourse based on the available Polish specialised literature.In result of analysis, it has turned out that the concept of academic discourse does not have a clear definition in Polish science yet and its name is often used as a synonym for scientific discourse and didactic discourse. The works dealing with academic discourse may generally refer to two areas of expertise: pedagogy and linguistics.The most significant research result of this article is coming up with the typology of academic discourse from pragmatic point of view. The following subtypes have been separated within academic discourse: scientific-academic discourse, didactic-academic discourse, educational-academic discourse, administrative-academic discourse and public-academic discourse. Each type of academic discourse has features which are common for all subtypes (they have the same place of discourse functioning and strict connection between discourse participants and an academic institution) as well as differentiating features, among which there is a purpose of activity within each subtype of academic discourse (purposes such as cognition, working out didactic methods, teaching, managing the university and creating a positive, favourable social image of the university).
Notes on Expression GUERRILLA WAR
Authors: Połowniak-Wawrzonek Dorota 
Published: October 2017

The word combination guerrilla war has a terminological meaning ‘war, during which the weaker side uses the tactics of avoiding general battles and combats unexpected enemy attacks with the help of small military units or partisans’. The combination guerrilla war is associated by users of common language primarily with semantic elements such as ‘a scope of insidious, hidden and difficult to predict, tiring opponent actions’. In the modern texts, the term guerrilla war can undergo a metaphorisation process – it is a determinologisation of multiword expression of military terms. In the figurative sense of the verbal connection guerrilla war there are characterised semantic elements as ‘set of insidious actions, hidden, difficult to predict, directed against to someone or to something, to achieve something, teasing the opposite side, her fatigue, limiting its influence’. In some texts determinologisation signals were presented – a change of component pattern, clauses appeared, which indicates metaphorisation of compound, for example: tax guerrilla war, office guerrilla war. The texts which reported metaphored military term guerrilla war featured the following metaphors: POLITICS is a WAR, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE is a WAR, DIFFERENT, SPECIAL ACTIVITIES and FORMS OF COMPETITION is a WAR.
Perspectives in Flow Electrochemistry
Authors: Folgueiras-Amador Ana A. , Wirth Thomas 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Electrosynthesis is an old method currently moving again in the focus of organic synthesis. Some limitations of conventional electrosynthesis can be overcome by the use of electrochemical flow devices. This perspective indicates where the pitfalls, where the advantages and where the challenges are in implementing flow electrosynthesis as an alternative tool for the synthetic chemist.
“There's No Thing as a Whole Story”: Storytelling and the Healing of Sexual Violence Survivors among Women and Girls in Acoliland, Northern Uganda
Authors: Bamidele Oluwaseun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStorytelling has become an important and acceptable tool among academics and professional peace‐builders. Storytelling can be therapeutic, especially since it assists survivors and the society in transition to come to terms with a traumatic past. It has been included as a part of transitional justice mechanisms which have assisted in the area of truth‐finding and accountability. It has been useful for peace‐building in communities that are deeply rooted in conflict and, therefore, has been encouraged within the last decade in a number of countries around the world. Consequently, this paper is a critical exploration of the discursive links between sexual violence and storytelling in war and peace. The focus is on Acoli women and girls in Acoliland, northern Uganda, who have primarily been impacted by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) group of Joseph Kony. Their stories of trauma, resilience, and courage in the face of terror have not been properly acknowledged. Using women and girls of the Acoli community in northern Uganda as an example, this paper aims to begin a discussion on the role of storytelling in the healing of sexual violence survivors. Informed by the storytelling discourse, the paper argues that constructive storytelling exercises can provide an avenue for survivors of sexual violence to acknowledge trauma, attain healing, build resilience, and counter the violent narrative of the group. However, this study also finds that storytelling as a peace‐building tool falls short of transforming gender relations. Finally, the paper proposes and designs a storytelling program.
Análise multitemporal da regeneração natural da candeia após ocorrência de incêndio florestal
Authors: Oliveira Ivy Mayara Sanches de , Sales Alex Donizeti , Silveira Eduarda Martiniano de Oliveira , Acerbi Júnior Fausto Weimar , De Mello José Marcio 
Published: October 2017

<p class="SemEspaamento1">Os sensores de satélites têm a capacidade de fornecer informações sobre regiões afetadas pela atividade do fogo, sendo uma ferramenta eficiente para a detecção e quantificação destas áreas. Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento da regeneração natural da candeia <em>Eremanthus incanus </em>(Less.) Less<em>,</em> após a ocorrência de incêndio florestal por meio do índice de vegetação da diferença normalizada (NDVI) de forma a identificar a capacidade de resiliência da espécie. O incêndio ocorreu em 1999, ao lado do Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó no município de Morro do Pilar, Minas Gerais. Foi selecionada uma série temporal de quatro imagens adquiridas entre os anos de 1999 a 2005 do satélite Landsat (TM e ETM<sup>+</sup>). Foram geradas as imagens NDVI e em seguida foram obtidos seus valores de reflectância nas diferentes datas para analisar o comportamento espectral das áreas em regeneração. Posteriormente esses parâmetros foram utilizados para analisar as alterações na cobertura vegetal. Ao comparar os valores de NDVI antes e pós-incêndio, observou-se que num período de 6 anos a candeia apresenta valores de reflectância próximos àqueles encontrados antes do incêndio, o que sugere que a cobertura vegetal está num estágio similar à antes da ocorrência do fogo. O índice aplicado mostrou-se eficiente na análise da capacidade de resiliência da espécie após o fogo.<strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Multitemporal analysis of natural regeneration of Candeia after occurrence of forest fire</em></strong></p><pre><strong>Abstract:</strong> Satellite sensors have the ability to provide information on areas affected by fire activity, being an efficient tool for detection and quantification of these areas. The aim of this study was to analyze the natural regeneration pattern of the <em>Eremanthus incanus </em>(Less.) Less, after the occurrence of forest fire, using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in order to identify its resilience capacity. The fire occurred in 1999, next to the Serra do Cipó National Park in Morro do Pilar city, Minas Gerais. A time series of four Landsat (TM e ETM</pre><sup>+</sup><pre>) images acquired between the years 1999-2005 were selected. The NDVI images were generated and their reflectance values were obtained at the different dates to analyze the spectral pattern of regenerating areas. Later, these parameters were used to analyze the vegetation cover changes. Comparing the NDVI values before and after the fire, it was observed that, over a period of 6 years the reflectance values were close to those found before the fire, which suggests that the vegetal cover is at a similar stage before the fire occurrence. The applied index proved to be efficient in the analysis of the species capacity of resilience after the fire occurrence.</pre><p><strong> </strong></p><br /><strong></strong>
Elaboração e caracterização da farinha do fruto da castanhola (Terminalia catappa Linn)
Authors: Santos Edilayane da Nóbrega , Bezerra Erick Dos Anjos , Silva Luciana Márcia Andrade da , Cavalcanti Mônica Tejo 
Published: October 2017

<span>A ciência e tecnologia de alimentos vem se destacando com suas novas propostas para o mercado. A vida atual é marcada pela busca de alimentos cada vez mais saudáveis, pois os consumidores estão buscando por uma alimentação que proporcione, além dos nutrientes básicos, algum benefício à saúde. Farinhas obtidas a partir da desidratação de frutos não convencionais estão sendo utilizadas na formulação de uma variedade de produtos a partir da substituição parcial de farináceos tradicionais. Sendo assim, objetivou-se caracterizar a farinha proveniente da polpa do fruto da castanhola. Os parâmetros analisados foram umidade </span><span>2,15% (</span><span>± 0,15); cinzas </span><span>8,03% (</span><span>± 0,06), proteínas 1</span><span>6,70% (</span><span>± 0,2), lipídeos 6,30%</span><span> (</span><span>± 0,07), carboidratos 66,80%, pH </span><span>3,83 (</span><span>± 0,02); acidez </span><span>7,40% ác. cítrico (</span><span>± 0,06), Aw </span><span>0,24 (</span><span>± 0,01) e Valor Energético Total 390,70 Kcal.</span><span>Os resultados mostraram-se satisfatórios, sendo estes dentro dos valores estabelecidos para farinhas. Para os macronutrientes determinados, os carboidratos mostraram-se majoritários, seguido pelas proteínas. Desta forma, a farinha da castanhola surge como uma alternativa para aplicação em diversos produtos alimentícios, seja como substituto parcial de farinhas convencionais ou mesmo como ingrediente principal na formulação de novos produtos. </span>
The Eight-Consciousness Model of Ethical Decision Making
Authors: LIAO JENSHENG , Chien Charles S. 
Published: October 2017

<p>This article explores a model of Vijñānavāda generally known as the eight consciousnesses, which relates to understanding consciousness itself from the Vijñānavāda perspective. The model is mainly based on the description in the ‘Verses Delineating the Eight Consciousnesses’. According to the eight-consciousness model, our entire consciousness involves the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, mental consciousness, the <em>manas</em> and the <em>ālayavijñāna.</em> These components are presented beginning with the single mind through the increasing complexity of the process of consciousness.</p><p> </p><p>In this article, this model is examined as a potential theoretical resource that could guide insight, knowledge and enlightenment. Herein, it is expounded how the eight-consciousness model can increase our understanding of ethical decision making and develop a perspective that can facilitate enlightenment.</p><p> </p><p>This paper does not treat a very dense and complex doctrine of Vijñānavāda. However, when considering the actions and intentions that occur in the mind, these investigations represent the transformation of consciousness into wisdom.</p><p> </p>
PENGARUH PANJANG STACK SELUBUNG KABEL TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SUHU PADA SISTEM PENDINGIN TERMOAKUSTIK
Authors: Kharismawati Indah , Putri Hanif Rafika 
Published: October 2017

Research on environmentally friendly thermo-acoustic coolants uses a heat exchanger from the cable sheath material. The resonator tube used in the thermoelectric cooler is a 5.25 cm diameter PVC (polyvinyl chloride) tube with a length of 87 cm. Variations in stack lengths of 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, and 8cm were performed to obtain results on thermoelectric coolers. Results are available on the use of stack length 4 cm high temperature 21.6 oC from the initial temperature), the stack length 5 cm high temperature 21.1 oC from the initial temperature (room temperature), the stack length of 6 cm resulted in a maximum temperature drop of 22.6 oC from the initial temperature (room temperature), the stack length of 7 cm resulted in a maximum temperature drop of 22.0 oC from the initial temperature (room temperature), while the stack length of 8 cm resulted in a decrease in temperature maximum of 23.3 oC from the initial temperature (room temperature).
Keywords: Thermoacoustic, stack, temperature changes.
Mortality by Timing of Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Sheehan Katie Jane , Sobolev Boris , Guy Pierre 
Published: October 2017

Abstract:
In hip fracture care, it is disputed whether mortality worsens when surgery is delayed. This knowledge gap matters when hospital managers seek to justify resource allocation for prioritizing access to one procedure over another. Uncertainty over the surgical timing-death association leads to either surgical prioritization without benefit or the underuse of expedited surgery when it could save lives. The discrepancy in previous findings results in part from differences between patients who happened to undergo surgery at different times. Such differences may produce the statistical association between surgical timing and death in the absence of a causal relationship. Previous observational studies attempted to adjust for structure, process, and patient factors that contribute to death, but not for relationships between structure and process factors, or between patient and process factors. In this article, we (1) summarize what is known about the factors that influence, directly or indirectly, both the timing of surgery and the occurrence of death; (2) construct a dependency graph of relationships among these factors based explicitly on the existing literature; (3) consider factors with a potential to induce covariation of time to surgery and the occurrence of death, directly or through the network of relationships, thereby explaining a putative surgical timing-death association; and (4) show how age, sex, dependent living, fracture type, hospital type, surgery type, and calendar period can influence both time to surgery and occurrence of death through chains of dependencies. We conclude by discussing how these results can inform the allocation of surgical capacity to prevent the avoidable adverse consequences of delaying hip fracture surgery.
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Massive, Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears Before the Age of 60 Years
Authors: Ernstbrunner Lukas , Suter Aline , Catanzaro Sabrina , Rahm Stefan , Gerber Christian 
Published: October 2017

Background:
There has been serious concern regarding the longevity and durability of outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) in younger patients. It was the purpose of this study to analyze long-term outcomes and complications of RTSA for irreparable rotator cuff tears in patients younger than 60 years.

Methods:
Twenty patients (23 shoulders) with a mean age of 57 years (range, 47 to 59 years) were evaluated at a mean of 11.7 years (range, 8 to 19 years) after RTSA. Fifteen shoulders (65%) had undergone previous non-arthroplasty surgery. Longitudinal clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed.

Results:
At the time of final follow-up, the mean absolute and relative preoperative Constant score (CS) (and standard deviation) had improved from 24 ± 9 to 59 ± 19 points (p < 0.001) and from 29% ± 11% to 69% ± 21% (p < 0.001), respectively. The mean Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) had increased from 20% ± 13% to 71% ± 27% (p < 0.001). There were also significant improvements in the mean active anterior elevation (from 64° to 117°), active abduction (from 58° to 111°), pain scores, and strength (all p ≤ 0.001). Clinical outcomes did not significantly deteriorate beyond 10 years and the functional results of patients with previous surgical procedures were not significantly inferior to the results of those with primary RTSA. The grade of, and number of patients with, radiographically apparent notching increased over time; the mean relative CS was lower in patients in whom the notching was grade 2 or higher (57%) than it was in those with no or grade-1 notching (81%; p = 0.006). Nine (39%) had ≥1 complication, with 2 failed RTSAs (9%).

Conclusions:
RTSA in patients younger than 60 years leads to substantial subjective and functional improvement without clinical deterioration beyond 10 years. It is associated with a substantial complication rate, and complications compromise ultimate subjective and objective outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Characteristics of N2O production and hydroxylamine variation in short-cut nitrification SBR process
Authors: Hu Bo , Ye Junhong , Zhao Jianqiang , Ding Xiaoqian , Yang Liwei , Tian Xiaolei 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In order to study the characteristics of nitrous oxide (N2O) production and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) variation under oxic conditions, concentrations of NH2OH and N2O were simultaneously monitored in a short-cut nitrification sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operated with different influent ammonia concentrations. In the short-cut nitrification process, N2O production was increased with the increasing of ammonia concentration in influent. The maximum concentrations of dissolved N2O-N in the reactor were 0.11 mg/L and 0.52 mg/L when ammonia concentrations in the influent were 50 mg/L and 70 mg/L respectively. Under the low and medium ammonia load phases, the concentrations of NH2OH-N in the reactor were remained at a low level which fluctuated around 0.06 mg/L in a small range, and did not change with the variation of influent NH4+-N concentration. Based on the determination results, the half-saturation of NH2OH in the biochemical conversion process of NH2OH to NO2−-N was very small, and the value of 0.05 mg NH2OH-N/L proposed in the published literature was accurate. NH2OH is an important intermediate in the nitrification process, and the direct determination of NH2OH in the nitrification process was beneficial for revealing the kinetic process of NH2OH production and consumption as well as the effects of NH2OH on N2O production in the nitrification process.
COD removal from leachate by electrocoagulation process: treatment with monopolar electrodes in parallel connection
Authors: Tanyol Mehtap , Ogedey Aysenur , Oguz Ensar 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This study examines the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from landfill leachate generated from the municipal landfill site of Bingol, Turkey. The effect of parameters such as current density, pH, and inter-electrode distance during the electrocoagulation (EC) process on COD removal of the process was investigated. Moreover, for COD removal, the energy consumption and operating costs were calculated for iron electrode under the EC conditions. COD removal efficiency was 72.13% at the current density of 16 mA m−2, pH of 8.05, and the inter-electrode distance of 9 mm at the detention time of 60 min with iron electrode and the COD concentration was reduced from 6,100 mg L−1 to 1,700 mg L−1 by EC. The highest value of the electrical energy and electrode consumptions per kg of COD in the optimum conditions were determined as 0.055 kWh kg−1 COD and 3.43 kg kg−1 COD and the highest operating cost value was found to be 1.41 US$ kg−1 COD for 0–60 min time intervals.
Design of Direct Embedment Foundations for Poles Under Moment Loads in Granular Soils
Authors: Yenumula Prasad , Haldar Asim , T.R. Chari 
Published: October 2017

Introduction:
The design of direct embedment pole foundations involves calculating the ultimate moment capacity and deflections/rotations of pole foundations at groundline.

Methods:
A theoretical model based on rigid piles is used as a basis for developing equations for the ultimate moment capacity of direct embedment pole foundation installed in granular soils.

Results and Conclusion:
The steps involved in the development are presented in this paper. Prototype test data are used to compare the predictions of the model and to validate the proposed method.
Doing More with Less: Application to Transmission Structures
Authors: Vogt Marlon W. 
Published: October 2017

Introduction:
Common theme within the electric utility industry is doing more work with fewer resources. Shrinking staff resources and budgets create challenges in light of the continuing strong investment required for national lifeline infrastructure projects.

Methods:
The presentation will define and address one traditional type of waste – overproduction, particularly applied to the design of electric utility transmission structures.

Results and Conclusion:
It will illustrate a variety of typical design choices and the risks in making design decisions that result in larger than necessary, and thus more expensive, structures.
Emergency Restoration of High Voltage Transmission Lines
Authors: Vadivel Karthi. K 
Published: October 2017

Background:Blackouts on high voltage (HV) transmission lines occur due to harsh weather and non-climatic reasons such as human errors and mechanical failures. While it is impossible to prevent all such situations, utility officials and contractors can be equipped to meet such emergencies.Objective:This paper discusses: (1) the economic impact of climatic events in the USA and economic justification for having Emergency Restoration (ER) plans and, (2) emergency restoration procedures for downed transmission lines in Oman. Key aspects of emergency restoration procedures are discussed.
Forest Fire Risk Assessment Using Hotspot Analysis in GIS
Authors: Said Safwanah Ni’matullah Binti Mohd , Zahran El-Said Mamdouh Mahmoud , Shams Shahriar 
Published: October 2017

Background:Present intensifying forest fire incidents are becoming a major concern as they pose threats to the environment, economy and human’s safety. This paper aims to identify forest fire hotspots using advanced hotspot analysis in the Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and suggest appropriate preventive measures.Objective:Brunei Darussalam is one of the Southeast Asian countries that is significantly affected by the increase in forest fire incidents in this region. Brunei Muara is the worst-hit district by forest fire in Brunei Darussalam, and hence it was selected as a case study for this research.Results and Conclusion:This research identified and prioritized forest fire hotspots, highlighted the shortage of fire stations within the identified hotspots and suggested the suitable locations for new fire stations in Brunei Muara district.
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta1 and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Interplay in Cancer
Authors: Santibanez Juan F. , Bjelica Suncica 
Published: October 2017

Background:Transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a double role in cancer through its capacity to inhibit early stages of tumors while enhancing tumor progression at late stages of tumor progression. Moreover, TGF-β1is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine within the tumor microenvironment that allows cancer cells to escape from immune surveillance, which largely contributes to the tumor progression.Method:It has been established that the cancer progression is commonly associated with increased number of Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) that are a hallmark of cancer and a key mechanism of immune evasion.Result:MDSC represent a population of heterogeneous myeloid cells comprised of macrophages, granulocytes and dendritic cells at immature stages of development. MDSC promote tumor progression by regulating immune responses as well as tumor angiogenesis and cancer metastasis.Conclusion:In this review, we present an overview of the main key functions of both TGF-β1and MDSC in cancer and in the immune system. Furthermore, the mutual contribution between TGF-β1and MDSC in the regulation of immune system and cancer development will be analyzed.