bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of anticancer therapy on anti-hepatitis B antibody titres in patients with haematological malignancies and solid tumours
Authors: Yilmaz Bahiddin , Erdem Dilek , Teker Fatih , Goren Ibrahim , Yildirim Beytullah , Kut Engin , Sarikaya Derya , Atay Memis H , Yucel Idris 
Published: April 2016

Objective To investigate the effect of immunosuppressive anticancer therapy on titre levels of anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative and anti-HBs positive patients with haematological malignancies or solid tumours. Methods This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of patients with haematological malignancies or solid tumours. Pretreatment HBsAg negative and anti-HBs positive patients were included in the analysis. Anti-hepatitis B core antibody status was used to evaluate vaccinated patients and those with resolved HBV infections. Results The medical records of 237 patients were reviewed retrospectively. The median anti-HBs titre decreased significantly after anticancer therapy compared with the pretreatment median anti-HBs titre in all patients (71 mIU/ml versus 57 mIU/ml). Anti-HBs titre decreased significantly in patients with haematological malignancies (70 mIU/m versus 37 mIU/ml) and in patients administered rituximab-based chemotherapy (67 mIU/ml versus 33 mIU/ml) following chemotherapy, whereas there was no significant change in patients with solid tumours. After chemotherapy, patients with low pretreatment anti-HBs titres (<100 mIU/ml) were more likely to become seronegative (<10 mIU/ml). Conclusion High levels of anti-HBs may have a protective effect against the reactivation of HBV especially in patients with haematological malignancies who received immunosuppressive anticancer therapy.
Higher gradient expansion for linear isotropic peridynamic materials
Authors: Šilhavý M 
Published: April 2016

Peridynamics is a non-local continuum mechanics that replaces the differential operator embodied by the stress term [Formula: see text] in Cauchy’s equation of motion by a non-local force functional [Formula: see text] to take into account long-range forces. The resulting equation of motion reads [Formula: see text] If the characteristic length [Formula: see text] of the interparticle interaction approaches 0, the operator [Formula: see text] admits an expansion in [Formula: see text] that, for a linear isotropic material, reads [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the Lamé moduli of the classical elasticity, and the remaining higher-order corrections contain products of the type [Formula: see text] of even-order gradients [Formula: see text] (i.e., the collections of all partial derivatives of [Formula: see text] of order 2 s) and constant coefficients [Formula: see text] collectively forming a tensor of order 2 s. Symmetry arguments show that the terms [Formula: see text] have the form [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are scalar constants. This article explicitly determines [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in terms of the properties of the material (i.e., of the operator [Formula: see text]) in all dimensions n (typically, [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]).
Models of safeguarding in England: Identifying important models and variables influencing the operation of adult safeguarding
Authors: Graham Katherine , Stevens Martin , Norrie Caroline , Manthorpe Jill , Moriarty Jo , Hussein Shereen 
Published: April 2016

Summary Greater priority is now being given to improving responses to concerns that adults may be at risk of abuse or neglect in England and internationally. In England, the Care Act 2014 placed ‘adult safeguarding’ on a firmer statutory footing. Although local authorities were given the lead responsibility for adult safeguarding over a decade ago, little is known about how they organised their responses. This article reports one element of a national study in which semi-structured interviews with 23 local authority adult safeguarding managers in 2013–14 were conducted. The interviews sought to understand how local authorities arrange their responses to adult safeguarding concerns. Findings Several models of practice were identified. Confirming a central theme reported in the literature, the extent and nature of specialism within safeguarding practice varied. Safeguarding specialists were reported to be based in centralised teams or were located as specialists in locality social work teams. In some areas, the role of specialist safeguarding practitioners was linked to an analysis of risk severity or location of concern. Other areas emphasised the importance of safeguarding work as the core of mainstream social work practice. Applications These findings offer a basis for analysis and managerial considerations about the implications of different organisational models of adult safeguarding. These may be relevant to option appraisals and decision-making about future organisational planning.
The Importance of Worldviews on Women’s Leadership to HRD
Authors: McLean Gary N. , Beigi Mina 
Published: April 2016

The Problem The challenges faced by women in leadership, to some extent, appear throughout the world, across country-based cultures and religious traditions, even where there has been progress. The eight articles that comprise this issue raise questions related to women in leadership, providing a cross-case opportunity to explore what might yet be needed to empower women in leadership roles in business, politics, non-government organizations, academia, and the family. The Solution There are no easy solutions that emerge from our analysis across these eight articles. Worldviews influence women in leadership; from these articles, we understand the influences better and glimpse opportunities for improving the status of women leaders, globally, as well as within specific countries and religious traditions. We also suggest perspectives that might lead to valuable studies that will help/pave the way for developing future women leaders. The Stakeholders HR scholars and practitioners, potential and current women leaders, and those working with or accommodating women leaders in multiple contexts are the main stakeholders of this issue. Furthermore, because this is the concluding article to this issue, all the stakeholders listed with each article will be interested in our overall conclusions to this issue.
Economic analysis of insulin initiation by pharmacists in a Canadian setting
Authors: Brown Stephen , Al Hamarneh Yazid N. , Tsuyuki Ross T. , Nehme Kimberley , Sauriol Luc 
Published: April 2016

Background: Conducted in Alberta, the RxING study examined the effect of a community pharmacist prescribing intervention on glycemic control in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using insulin glargine. The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of pharmacists’ prescribing of insulin glargine as an early intervention in uncontrolled patients with T2DM vs usual clinical practice. Methods: The IMS CORE diabetes Markov model was used to project long-term clinical outcomes, costs and cost-effectiveness of interventions. The efficacy of insulin glargine, in terms of hemoglobin A1c reduction and hypoglycemia rates, was obtained from the RxING study. Health utility and cost data were found in Canadian publications. The base-case analyses examined the economic and clinical effects of having pharmacists initiate insulin therapy in patients with uncontrolled T2DM in comparison to a physician initiate it up to 3 years later. Results: Insulin initiation by pharmacists with uncontrolled T2DM patients is cost-effective. Having pharmacists prescribe insulin 1 year earlier than usual clinical practice resulted in an incremental cost savings of $805 (CDN$) and a gain of 0.048 QALYs per patient. Pharmacists prescribing insulin 2 years earlier resulted in an incremental cost savings of $624 (CDN$) per year and a gain of 0.075 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Prescribing 3 years earlier allowed for a minor increase of $26 and a gain of 0.086 QALYs. Conclusion: Earlier initiation of insulin by pharmacists, in uncontrolled T2DM patients, resulted in cost savings and delays in the development of diabetes-related complications, leading to an improved quality of life and increased survival rates.
Intravenous tranexamic acid for hyperacute primary intracerebral hemorrhage: Protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Sprigg Nikola , Robson Katie , Bath Philip , Dineen Robert , Roberts Ian , Robinson Tom , Roffe Christine , Werring David , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam , Pocock Stuart , Duley Lelia , England Tim , Whynes David , Ciccone Alfonso , Laska Ann Charlotte , Christensen Hanne , Ozturk Serefnur , Collins Ronan , Bereczki Daniel , Egea-Guerrero Juan Jose , Law Zhe Kang , Czlonkowska Anna , Seiffge David , Beredzie Maia 
Published: April 2016

Rationale Outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage remains poor. Tranexamic acid is easy to administer, readily available, inexpensive, and effective in other hemorrhagic conditions. Aim This randomized trial aims to test the hypothesis that intravenous tranexamic acid given within 8 h of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage reduces death or dependency. Design Phase III prospective double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Participants within 8 h of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage are randomized to receive either intravenous tranexamic acid 1 g 10 min bolus followed by 1 g 8 h infusion, or placebo. Sample size estimates A trial of 2000 participants (300 from start-up phase and 1700 from main phase) will have 90% power to detect an ordinal shift of the modified Rankin Scale with odds ratio 0.79. Study outcomes The primary outcome is death or dependency measured by ordinal shift analysis of the 7 level mRS at day 90. Secondary outcomes are neurological impairment at day 7 and disability, quality of life, cognition, and mood at day 90. Safety outcomes are death, serious adverse events, thromboembolic events, and seizures. Cost outcomes are length of stay in hospital, readmission, and institutionalization. Discussion This pragmatic trial is assessing efficacy of tranexamic acid after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Recruitment started in 2013; as of 15th January 2016 1355 participants have been enrolled, from 95 centers in seven countries. Recruitment is due to end in 2017. TICH-2 Trial is registered as ISRCTN93732214.
Genomics, microRNA, epigenetics, and proteomics for future diagnosis, treatment and monitoring response in upper GI cancers
Authors: Brücher Björn L. D. M. , Li Yan , Schnabel Philipp , Daumer Martin , Wallace Timothy J. , Kube Rainer , Zilberstein Bruno , Steele Scott , Voskuil Jan L. A. , Jamall Ijaz S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOne major objective for our evolving understanding in the treatment of cancers will be to address how a combination of diagnosis and treatment strategies can be used to integrate patient and tumor variables with an outcome‐oriented approach. Such an approach, in a multimodal therapy setting, could identify those patients (1) who should undergo a defined treatment (personalized therapy) (2) in whom modifications of the multimodal therapy due to observed responses might lead to an improvement of the response and/or prognosis (individualized therapy), (3) who might not benefit from a particular toxic treatment regimen, and (4) who could be identified early on and thereby be spared the morbidity associated with such treatments. These strategies could lead in the direction of precision medicine and there is hope of integrating translational molecular data to improve cancer classifications. In order to achieve these goals, it is necessary to understand the key issues in different aspects of biotechnology to anticipate future directions of personalized and individualized diagnosis and multimodal treatment strategies. Providing an overview of translational data in cancers proved to be a challenge as different methods and techniques used to obtain molecular data are used and studies are based on different tumor entities with different tumor biology and prognoses as well as vastly different therapeutic approaches. The pros and cons of the available methodologies and the potential response data in genomics, microRNA, epigenetics and proteomics with a focus on upper gastrointestinal cancers are considered herein to allow for an understanding of where these technologies stand with respect to cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
Energy metabolic dysfunction as a carcinogenic factor in cancer cells
Authors: Sun Yongyan , Shi Zhenhua , Lian Huiyong , Cai Peng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCancer, as a leading cause of death, has attracted enormous public attention. Reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism is deemed to be one of the principal hallmarks of cancer. In this article, we reviewed the mutual relationships among environmental pollution factors, energy metabolic dysfunction, and various cancers. We found that most environmental pollution factors could induce cancers mainly by disturbing the energy metabolism. By triggering microenvironment alteration, energy metabolic dysfunction can be treated as a factor in carcinogenesis. Thus, we put forward that energy metabolism might be as a key point for studying carcinogenesis and tumor development to propose new methods for cancer prevention and therapy.
Microscopic study on some Iron Age bronze objects from Western Iran
Authors: Oudbashi Omid , Hasanpour Ata 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background
A microscopic study on ancient metals was established to identify chemical composition and microstructure of archaeological tin bronze objects. For this purpose, ten small bronze pieces from Baba Jilan Iron Age site, western Iran, were selected and studied by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) methods.

Results
The results showed that all objects were made of variable tin containing binary copper-tin alloy. It may be related to the application of an uncontrolled procedure to make bronze alloy. In some samples, lead and arsenic are detected as major elements, but they can be considered rather as impurities from the original ores. Different microstructural features such as elongated Cu–S inclusions as well as Pb globules are visible in the bronze matrix. Based on the metallographic examination, the bronze pieces are shaped by cycles of cold-working and annealing.

Conclusion
The microstructure of Baba Jilan bronze objects is similar to other Iron Age bronze artefacts from different regions of Iran. In fact, process of bronze production in the Iron Age of Iran was to produce bronze alloy with different amounts of tin and without any third alloying element, using copper sulphidic or a mixture of copper sulphidic and oxidic ores to smelting copper, and applying working and heat treatment to shape and manufacture thin sheet objects.
Estimating rock-vector magnetization from coincident measurements of magnetic field and gravity gradient tensor
Authors: Pedersen Laust B. , Bastani Mehrdad 
Published: April 2016

Poisson’s theorem relating components of the magnetic field to components of the gradient of the gravity vector assuming a common source has been cast into a general form. A given magnetization distribution in the terrain or in the underlying crust is propagated into the corresponding magnetic field through the gravity gradient tensor. Conversely, measured magnetic field anomalies and measured gravity gradient tensor anomalies can be used to estimate the unknown magnetization vectors without knowledge of the geometry of the sources. We have tested the method on recently acquired data over a greenstone belt in Northern Sweden. The topographic relief was sufficiently variable to dominate the measured gravity gradient tensor. In practice, we have concentrated on areas where the norm of the gravity gradient tensor reached a maximum so that there was a better chance of identifying isolated sources with well-defined density and magnetization. We have surrounded the selected points by a small window and used all the data lying within that window to estimate the magnetization vectors. We have compared the estimated amplitudes and directions of magnetization with those measured from selected rock samples in the area and found a relatively modest agreement. We have interpreted this as a result of two effects: (1) Measured magnetizations are generally lower than those estimated by this method, and we believe that this is related to the fact that the collection of samples in the field is biased because of a small number of outcrops in most parts of the area. (2) This analysis is biased toward high-amplitude magnetic anomalies; i.e., the estimation procedure works best for high-amplitude magnetic anomalies, in which case, the influence of neighboring anomalies is reduced. The estimated magnetization directions show a strong dominance of remanent magnetization over induced magnetization in agreement with laboratory measurements on rock samples from the area.
Testosterone Attenuates Age-Related Fall in Aerobic Function in Mobility Limited Older Men With Low Testosterone
Authors: Storer Thomas W. , Bhasin Shalender , Travison Thomas G. , Pencina Karol , Miciek Renee , McKinnon Jennifer , Basaria Shehzad 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Context:
Testosterone increases skeletal muscle mass and strength, but the effects of testosterone on aerobic performance in mobility-limited older men have not been evaluated.

Objective:
To determine the effects of testosterone supplementation on aerobic performance, assessed as peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) and gas exchange lactate threshold (V̇O2θ), during symptom-limited incremental cycle ergometer exercise.

Design:
Subgroup analysis of the Testosterone in Older Men with Mobility Limitations Trial.

Setting:
Exercise physiology laboratory in an academic medical center.

Participants:
Sixty-four mobility-limited men 65 years or older with low total (100–350 ng/dL) or free (&lt;50 pg/dL) testosterone.

Interventions:
Participants were randomized to receive 100-mg testosterone gel or placebo gel daily for 6 months.

Main Outcome Measures:
V̇O2peak and V̇O2θ from a symptom-limited cycle exercise test.

Results:
Mean (SD) baseline V̇O2peak was 20.5 (4.3) and 19.9 (4.7) mL/kg/min for testosterone and placebo, respectively. V̇O2peak increased by 0.83 (2.4) mL/kg/min in testosterone but decreased by −0.89 (2.5) mL/kg/min in placebo (P = .035); between group difference in change in V̇O2peak was significant (P = .006). This 6-month reduction in placebo was greater than the expected −0.4-mL/kg/min/y rate of decline in the general population. V̇O2θ did not change significantly in testosterone but decreased by 1.1 (1.8) mL/kg/min in placebo, P = .011 for between-group comparisons. Hemoglobin increased by 1.0 ± 3.5 and 0.1 ± 0.8 g/dL in testosterone and placebo groups, respectively.

Conclusion:
Testosterone supplementation in mobility-limited older men increased hemoglobin and attenuated the age-related declines in V̇O2peak and V̇O2θ. Long-term intervention studies are needed to determine the durability of this effect.
Experimental and Numerical Correlation of Impact of Spherical Projectile for Damage Analysis of Aero Engine Component
Authors: Majila Anuradha Nayak , Jain Rajeev , Fernando D. Chandru , Ramachandra S. 
Published: April 2016

<p>Studies the impact response of flat Titanium alloy plate against spherical projectile for damage analysis of aero engine components using experimental and finite element techniques. Compressed gas gun has been used to impart speed to spherical projectile at various impact velocities for damage studies. Crater dimensions (diameter and depth) obtained due to impact have been compared with finite element results using commercially available explicit finite element method code LS-DYNA. Strain hardening, high strain rate and thermal softening effect along with damage parameters have been considered using modified Johnson-Cook material model of LS-DYNA. Metallographic analysis has been performed on the indented specimen. This analysis is useful to study failure analysis of gas turbine engine components subjected to domestic object damage of gas turbine engine. </p><p> </p>
Design, Testing, and Realisation of a Medium Size Aerostat Envelope
Authors: Kumar A. , Sati S.C. , Ghosh A.K. 
Published: April 2016

<p>The design, testing and realisation aspects during the development of a medium size aerostat envelope in the present work. The payload capacity of this aerostat is 300 kg at 1 km above mean sea level. The aerostat envelope is the aerodynamically shaped fabric enclosure part of the aerostat which generally uses helium for lifting useful payloads to a specified height. The envelope volume estimation technique is discussed which provides the basis for sizing. The design, material selection, testing and realisation aspects of this aerostat envelope are also discussed. The empirical formulas and finite element analysis are used to estimate the aerodynamic, structural and other design related parameters of the aerostat. Equilibrium studies are then explained for balancing forces and moments in static conditions. The tether profile estimation technique is discussed to estimate blow by distance and tether length. A comparison of estimated and measured performance parameters during trials has also been discussed.</p>
Outlier Detection Method on UCI Repository Dataset by Entropy Based Rough K-means
Authors: P. Ashok , Nawaz G.M Kadhar 
Published: April 2016

<p>Rough set theory is used to handle uncertainty and incomplete information by applying two sets, lower and upper approximation. In this paper, the clustering process is improved by adapting the preliminary centroid selection method on rough K-means (RKM) algorithm. The entropy based rough K-means (ERKM) method is developed by adapting entropy based preliminary centroids selection on RKM and executed and also validated by cluster validity indexes. An example shows that the ERKM performs effectively by selection of entropy based preliminary centroid. In addition, Outlier detection is an important task in data mining and very much different from the rest of the objects in the cluster. Entropy based rough outlier factor (EROF) method is used to detect outlier effectively for yeast dataset. An example shows that EROF detects outlier effectively on protein localisation sites and ERKM clustering algorithm performed effectively. Further, experimental readings show that the ERKM and EROF method outperformed the other methods.</p><p> </p>