bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Efavirenz as Initial Antiretroviral Therapy and Suicidal Thoughts Among HIV-Infected Adults in Routine Care
Authors: Bengtson Angela M. , Pence Brian W. , Mollan Katie R. , Edwards Jessie K. , Moore Richard D. , O'Cleirigh Conall , Eaton Ellen F. , Eron Joseph J. , Kitahata Mari M. , Mathews William C. , Crane Heidi , Mugavero Michael J. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Evidence about the effect of initiating efavirenz-containing combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) as the first-line therapy on suicidal thoughts remains conflicting.

Methods:
Using data from a cohort of HIV-infected adults enrolled in routine care across 5 sites in the United States, we included participants with a baseline patient-reported outcome measure and detectable viral load who initiated ART between 2011 and 2014. Participants were followed until the earliest of the following: first suicidal thoughts, discontinuation of initial ART regimen, death, loss to care (>12 months with no HIV appointments), or administrative censoring (2014–2015). Suicidal thoughts were measured using a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item. We used weighted marginal structural Cox models to estimate the effect of initiating efavirenz-containing ART, versus efavirenz-free ART, on the hazard of active or passive suicidal thoughts after ART initiation, accounting for confounding by channeling bias.

Results:
Overall, 597 participants were followed for a median of 19 months (13,132 total person-months); 147 (25%) initiated efavirenz-containing ART. At ART initiation, 38% of participants reported suicidal thoughts or depressive symptoms. Initiating efavirenz-based ART was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) for suicidal thoughts below the null in the crude analysis [HR, 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53 to 1.45] and above the null in the weighted analysis (HR, 1.21; 95% CI: 0.66 to 2.28). Among those with a prior mental health issue, the weighted HR was 1.76 (95% CI: 0.45 to 6.86).

Conclusions:
After accounting for measured channeling bias, we observed no strong evidence that initiating efavirenz-containing ART increased the hazard of suicidal thoughts.
The online promotion of entrepreneurship education: a view from Canada
Authors: Pizarro Milian Roger , Gurrisi Marc 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically examine how entrepreneurship education is being marketed to students within the Canadian university sector.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis of the webpages representing 66 entrepreneurship education programs in Canada is performed.FindingsEntrepreneurship education is found to be framed as providing students with a collaborative learning experience, useful hands-on skills with real world applications and an entrepreneurial mindset.Research limitations/implicationsThis study looks at only one type of promotional material, and thus, further research is needed to triangulate its findings.Originality/valueThis is the first study that empirically examines the marketing of entrepreneurship education in Canada.
Entrepreneurial intentions of Colombian business students
Authors: Henley Andrew , Contreras Francoise , Espinosa Juan C. , Barbosa David 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to reconceptualize the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in the light of social cognitive theory to investigate the role of social capital, specifically the leadership skill as a social capital generating influence in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions.

Design/methodology/approach
A new conceptualization of TPB is proposed to allow the impact of bonding and bridging cognitive social capital to be mediated by TPB constructs of perceived desirability and feasibility of entrepreneurship. Hypotheses are developed related to leadership skills, family background and social norms as external and internal indicators of social capital, and tested on primary data from 322 student respondents in a Colombian business school.

Findings
Leadership skills, indicative of bridging cognitive social capital, are found to be strongly and significantly associated with entrepreneurial intentions through the mediating role of the core TPB constructs. Evidence for the role of bonding social capital through measures of the social acceptability of entrepreneurship and family background is mixed, and in the case of family background no indirect association with intentions is found.

Research limitations/implications
Although the Latin American context would suggest significant population variation in personal and background resource, there is relatively little variation across this sample, particularly in terms of family background. Thus, rates of graduate entrepreneurship may relate more closely to constraints acting on entry into higher education than on other background characteristics, and therefore future work in similar contexts ought to be conducted across a wider socio-economic sample.

Practical implications
Opportunities to develop and enhance student perception of leadership ability through either education or experience might improve levels of graduate entrepreneurship, alongside traditional activities to raise self-efficacy and perceived salience of entrepreneurship.

Originality/value
Student leadership skills have rarely been addressed in the context of entrepreneurship development. This paper highlights the relevance of this in a developing economy context.
CFD analysis on natural convective heat transfer of Al2O3-gear oil nanolubricant used in HEMM
Authors: Kotia Ankit , Ghosh Subrata Kumar 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The present work aims to numerically investigate the natural convective heat transfer performance of aluminium oxide (Al2O3)-gear oil nanolubricant used in heavy earth moving machinery (HEMM).

Design/methodology/approach
Viscosity, density and thermal conductivity of nanolubricants have been experimentally determined. The numerical simulation has been performed by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for a cylinder cavity which resembles shape of automatic transmission system of HEMM. The left wall temperature has been maintained at 293 to 313 K, and right wall is at a constant temperature of 283 K. Due to absence of any experimental study on natural convective heat transfer performance of Al2O3-gear oil nanolubricant, initially CFD model has been tested for accuracy by comparing experimental, and CFD results for Al2O3-water nanofluid has been available in open literature.

Findings
It has been observed that Nusselt number increases with increase in Rayleigh number, but it decreases with increasing particle volume fraction. The gear oil-based nanolubricant is expected to have the better thermal performance in HEMM at higher temperature.

Practical implications
The numerical analysis will help to predict the thermal performance of nanolubricant. The outcome may help the designers, researchers and manufacturers of HEMM.

Originality/value
Most of the previous studies have been limited with base fluid as water, ethylene glycol, etc. in the field of nanofluid. CFD study for thermal performance of Al2O3-gear oil nanolubricant is essential before the experimental work. This work is the preliminary stage of application of, nanolubricant for heat transfer.
Temperature dependence of the extreme-pressure behavior of CuO and TiO2 nanoparticle additives in metal-forming polymeric lubricants
Authors: Peña-Parás Laura , García-Pineda Patricio , Maldonado-Cortés Demófilo , Garza Gerardo Tadeo , Taha-Tijerina Jaime 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of temperature on the extreme-pressure (EP) properties of CuO and TiO2 nanoparticle-filled polymeric lubricants for metal-forming processes.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper studies the effect of nanoparticle additives of CuO and TiO2 on the load-carrying capacity of a metal-forming polymer lubricant used for deep-drawing at varying temperatures. EP measurements are performed with a four-ball tribotester according to the ITeE-PIB Polish method for testing lubricants under scuffing conditions. Tests are run at 25, 40, 60 and 75°C to further decrease the lubricant film thickness and determine the effect on the load-carrying capacity and the tribological mechanisms of nanoparticles. The tribological mechanisms of nanoparticles is studied using energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS).

Findings
Results indicate that nanoparticle additives increase the load-carrying capacity of the polymeric lubricant at all concentrations up to 60°C attributed to a mending effect and a reduction in the area of contact of moving surfaces; at 75°C, the improvement is lowered due to nanoparticle re-agglomeration. The best results are found with TiO2 nanoparticles due to their smaller size compared to CuO.

Practical implications
Nanoparticles of CuO and TiO2 are potential EP additives for metal-forming lubricants, providing protection to working components and extending tool life.

Originality/value
These results show the effectiveness and the tribological mechanisms of nanoparticle additives under EP conditions and increasing temperatures found in metal-forming processes.
Statistical models for predicting wear and friction coefficient of palm kernel activated carbon-epoxy composite using the ANOVA
Authors: Mat Tahir Noor Ayuma , Abdollah Mohd Fadzli Bin , Hasan Rafidah , Amiruddin Hilmi , Abdullah Muhammad Ilman Hakimi Chua 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to propose statistical models for predicting wear and friction coefficient of the palm kernel activated carbon-epoxy composite using the analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Design/methodology/approach
All the specimens were formed into 10-mm diameter pins of 30-mm length each. The tribological test was conducted using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The results of the coefficient of friction (COF) and the wear rate were then analysed using the ANOVA. Regression analysis was used to derive the predictive equations for both friction coefficient and wear rate.

Findings
It was found that the most significant parameter that affects the COF is the weight composition, while for the wear rate, it is the operating temperature. The proposed statistical models have 90-94 per cent reliability.

Research limitations/implications
The equation models are only limited within the tested parameters and ranges in the plastic deformation region.

Originality/value
These models can be very useful for material design engineers in avoiding the component failures occurring prematurely.
Synthesis and field dependent shear stress evaluation of stable MR fluid for brake application
Authors: K.P. Lijesh , Kumar Deepak , Hirani Harish 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report on the development of magnetorheological (MR) fluids, having high on-state shear stress/viscosity, low off-state shear stress/viscosity, good redispersibility and stable suspension of carbonyl iron particles, using tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TAH) and oleic acid.

Design/methodology/approach
MR fluids for use in brakes are synthesized using different weight percentages of silicone oil, TAH, oleic acid and iron particles. The effects of TAH and oleic acid are studied. Shear stress is measured as a function of magnetic field on a magneto-rheometer. The images of MR particles settling with time are presented. The test set-up used to evaluate the performance of the MR fluids synthesized for brake application is detailed. Finally, a significant improvement in the MR performance of brakes is reported.

Findings
The MR fluid having 0.25 Wt.% oleic acid showed low off-state viscosity/shear stress and high on-state viscosity/shear stress. A higher weight percentage of TAH in the MR fluid further reduced the low off-shear stress and increased the high on-state shear stress with better stability.

Originality/value
Improvement of MR brake performance by adding surfactants like TAH and oleic acid has been the subject matter of several studies in the past, but these studies used a fixed percentage of surfactants in MR fluids. In the present work, the optimum percentage of TAH and oleic acid for an improved braking performance is determined by varying their content in the MR fluid, which has not been reported in any other work thus far.
Infusing technology driven design thinking in industrial design education: a case study
Authors: Mubin Omar , Novoa Mauricio , Al Mahmud Abdullah 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper narrates a case study on design thinking-based education work in an industrial design honours program. Student projects were developed in a multi-disciplinary setting across a Computing and Engineering faculty that allowed promoting technologically and user-driven innovation strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
A renewed culture and environment for industrial design (ID) students emphasised seeking functionality and fidelity, user and society value over beauty and form factors alone. The pedagogical approach sought to determine the new industrial products reality with an increasing contribution by design thinking, and its associated methodologies that are currently advancing typical ID.

Findings
In conclusion, the authors propose a number of reflections as recommendations, which may be useful for educational institutions contemplating similar curriculum makeovers to their design degrees.

Originality/value
Our research provides valuable lessons to other design courses that wish to invigorate their curriculum with technical and design thinking-based advances.
Another hybrid? Family businesses as venture capitalists
Authors: Ljungkvist Torbjörn , Boers Börje 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThis paper addresses the phenomenon of venture capital firms which are also family businesses (VCFBs). The purpose of this paper is to explore and understand the phenomenon of VCFB by answering the following questions: What are the features of professionalization in VCFBs? And, how do professionalization and types of family businesses explain the strategies and governance of VCFBs?Design/methodology/approachAs an explorative case study, it maps the Swedish venture capital (VC) industry and compares two VCFBs and their business investments with regard to strategy and governance.FindingsBy suggesting two major configurations, the study explains how family business development and levels of professionalization relate to differences in VCFBs’ strategies, which in turn, affect their governance. The personal VCFB features active owners who personally take responsibility roles and strongly focus on customers and relationships. The administrative VCFB strongly focuses on predetermined financial metrics, high ethical awareness among board members, and ongoing interplay between the active family board members and minority shareholders.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted in Sweden and concerns Swedish VCFBs. The paper contributes to the literature by combining the two currently separate research streams, i.e. family business and VC, highlighting the importance and consequences of family ownership in VC businesses.Practical implicationsThe present study provides stock market investors and stock analysts with a deeper understanding of VCFBs’ strategy incentives. By identifying the kind of VCFB and its relation to strategy, more reasonable assessments and analyses of the VCFBs’ actions will be possible. Family firms willing to accept VC-finance should consider the type of VC and the potential consequences of family ownership.Originality/valueThis study is the first to classify VC firms as family businesses. Moreover, it shows the features of professionalization in VCFBs by suggesting a set of configurations.
Why Broadgate Phase 8 composite floor did not fail under fire
Authors: Mwangi Simon 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present the findings of a numerical investigation into the performance of the steel-concrete composite floor involved in Broadgate Phase 8 fire.

Design/methodology/approach
The investigation is conducted by carrying out a 3-D thermomechanical analysis of a composite floor similar to the one involved in the fire using ANSYS. Four fire scenarios are investigated, with each producing a unique stress – strain pattern. The results obtained are compared with the observations made after the fire and inferences drawn.

Findings
The results obtained are found to be correlated with the observations made after the fire. The performance of the composite floor is found to be dominated by development of large strains, leading to large deflections. Furthermore, colder parts of the structure, through redistribution of forces, are found to have a profound impact on the ability of a composite floor to resist heating effects. From the findings, it is concluded that connections’ design, occurrence of membrane action and thermal restraints were the key reasons the floor did not fail.

Originality value
The study takes a more forensic approach. This is a departure from majority of published literature, where comparison is usually between experimental and numerical results. By comparing the findings from a real fire with those of a numerical investigation, the study provides an insight into the accuracy of applying numerical models for the prediction of effects of fire on structural behaviour.
Elevational transplantation suggests different responses of African submontane and savanna plants to climate warming
Authors: Ensslin Andreas , Mollel Neduvoto P. , Hemp Andreas , Fischer Markus 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Despite strong climate change in the tropics, little is known about the responses of tropical plants to changing environments. Moreover, while variation in responses to climate change across plant functional groups may help to predict future vegetation dynamics, tropical multi‐species studies are missing.

To study plant responses to changes in temperature, we compared the survival, growth and reproduction of 101 herbaceous species originating from the savanna and the submontane vegetation zones in two experimental gardens representing the climate of both zones at Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Additionally, we tested whether plant functional groups, such as annuals and perennials, shade‐tolerant and shade‐intolerant species, grasses and forbs, and natives and exotics differ in their responses to transplantation.

We show that the submontane species in the lower Kilimanjaro area clearly prefer the cooler submontane temperature in terms of survival, growth and reproduction, while savanna plants can grow equally well under both, the submontane and the savanna temperature regimes. This suggests that tropical submontane plants will likely face severe challenges with future climate warming and that the upper distributional limit of savanna plants may be due to biotic interactions rather than to climate. Moreover, we found different responses of grasses and forbs, and natives and exotics to transplantation irrespective of their origin, underlining the importance of considering plant functional groups in climate change research.

Synthesis. We demonstrate different responses of tropical submontane and savanna plants to experimental temperature variation. Together with the observed differences between important functional plant groups, this leads us to suggest that strong future changes in vegetation composition on African tropical mountains are likely.
Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of Australian‐registered insecticide formulations against Old World screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana) infestation
Authors: James PJ , Wardhana AH , Brown GW , Mayer DG , Urech R 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of Australian‐registered insecticide formulations against Old World screwworm (OWS) myiases for potential use in screwworm containment and eradication programs.MethodsThe longevity of protection provided by six insecticidal formulations (subcutaneous ivermectin, doramectin and abamectin, a topically applied aqueous formulation of spinosad, ivermectin controlled‐release capsule and a dicyclanil spray‐on formulation) was tested using implants of 1st‐instar OWS larvae on Javanese thin‐tail sheep. Therapeutic efficacy of four formulations (topical ivermectin, chlorfenvinphos/cypermethrin mixture, aerosol spinosad formulation and a formulation containing propetamphos and eucalyptus oil) was tested against 2‐ and 4‐day‐old OWS strikes.ResultsBoth the ivermectin capsule and dicyclanil spray‐on formulation gave 100% protection against screwworm implants for the full 12 weeks of the study. Ivermectin, doramectin and abamectin administered SC all gave 100% protection at 3 days post‐treatment, but at 2 weeks the protection had become incomplete. Spinosad dipping did not give complete protection at any time. All four therapeutic treatments gave complete resolution of 2‐day‐old strikes and topical ivermectin, spinosad and chlorfenvinphos/cypermethrin, but not the propetamphos/eucalyptus oil formulation, gave complete resolution of all 4‐day‐old strikes.ConclusionDicyclanil spray‐on and ivermectin capsule formulations, both registered for use in sheep, but not for cattle or other livestock species, gave much longer protection against screwworm implants than the currently recommended SC ivermectin. Pre‐emptive action to facilitate rapid deployment of these formulations in the event of a screwworm incursion is urgently needed.
Aggressive B‐cell lymphomas in the update of the 4th edition of the World Health Organization classification of haematopoietic and lymphatic tissues: refinements of the classification, new entities and genetic findings
Authors: Ott German 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe update of the 4th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematopoietic and Lymphatic Tissues portends important new findings and concepts in the diagnosis, classification and biology of lymphomas. This review summarizes the basic concepts and cornerstones of the classification of aggressive B‐cell lymphomas and details the major changes. Of importance, there is a new concept of High‐grade B‐cell lymphomas (HGBL), partly replacing the provisional entity of B‐cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma, the so‐called grey zone lymphomas. They either harbour MYC translocations together with a BCL2 and/or a BCL6 rearrangement (HGBL‐Double Hit) or HGBL, not otherwise specified (NOS), lacking a double or triple hit constellation. In addition, the requirement for providing the cell‐of‐origin classification in the diagnostic work‐up of DLBCLs, the role of MYC alterations in DLBCL subtypes, and newer findings in the specific variants/subtypes are highlighted.