bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Field Within a Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy and an Equivalent Uniform Applied Magnetic Field for Model Input
Authors: Eberle J. Lance , Feigenbaum Heidi P. , Ciocanel Constantin 
Published: November 2017

Magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) exhibit recoverable strains of up to 10% due to reorientation of their martensitic tetragonal unit cell. A stress or magnetic field applied to the material will cause the short side of the unit cell (which is approximately aligned with the magnetic easy axis) to align with the input to the material, resulting in an apparent plastic strain. This strain can be fully recovered by an applied stress or magnetic field in a perpendicular direction.
When the martensitic variants reorient, twin boundaries, which separate the different variants, form and move throughout the specimen. A number of models have been proposed for MSMAs and many of these models are homogenized, i.e. the models do not account for twin boundaries, but rather account for the volume fraction of material in each variant. These types of models often assume that the MSMA is subject to a uniform field so that there is no appreciable difference in the volume fraction of variants in each location. In this work, we address the issue of how these models can be used when the field is not uniform.
In particular, we look at the experiments from Feigenbaum et al., in which a MSMA trained to accommodate three variants, was subject to 3-dimensional magneto-mechanical loading. Due to experimental constraints, the field applied to the MSMA was not uniform. In this work, to understand the actual field distribution during experiments, we performed a high-resolution 3-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) of the magnetic field experienced by the MSMA sample. The FEA allowed us to determine how non-uniform the experimentally applied field was and the differences between the applied field and the field experienced by the MSMA. Furthermore, we use the FEA to determine the average field experienced by the MSMA, and identify an equivalent uniform applied field that could serve as input for the model. For the latter, we seek a uniform magnetic field which gives similar magnetic field within the MSMA specimen as the true experimental conditions.
Complete Annotated Genome Sequences of Four Klebsiella pneumoniae Phages Isolated from Sewage in Poland
Authors: Labudda Łukasz , Strapagiel Dominik , Karczewska-Golec Joanna , Golec Piotr 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Four lytic phages, vB_KpnP_BIS33, vB_KpnP_IL33, and vB_KpnP_PRA33 of the
Podoviridae
family and vB_KpnM_BIS47 of the
Myoviridae
family, which act against animal-pathogenic
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strains, were isolated from sewage plants in Poland. They possess double-stranded DNA genomes of 41,697 bp, 41,335 bp, 40,605 bp, and 147,443 bp, respectively.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Variants of Bacillus anthracis Sterne and Their Toxin Gene Deletion Mutants
Authors: Staab A. , Plaut R. D. , Pratt C. , Lovett S. P. , Wiley M. R. , Biggs T. D. , Bernhards R. C. , Beck L. C. , Palacios G. F. , Stibitz S. , Jones K. L. , Goodwin B. G. , Smith M. A. , Sozhamannan S. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of three laboratory variants of
Bacillus anthracis
Sterne and their double (
Δlef Δcya
) and triple (
Δpag Δlef Δcya
) toxin gene deletion derivatives.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Fruiting Myxobacterium Melittangium boletus DSM 14713
Authors: Treuner-Lange Anke , Bruckskotten Marc , Rupp Oliver , Goesmann Alexander , Søgaard-Andersen Lotte 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

The formation of spore-filled fruiting bodies in response to starvation represents a hallmark of many members of the order
Myxococcales
. Here, we present the complete 9.9-Mb genome of the fruiting type strain
Melittangium boletus
DSM 14713, the first member of this genus to have its genome sequenced.
Referrals to a perinatal specialist palliative care consult service in Ireland, 2012–2015
Authors: McMahon Des L , Twomey Marie , O’Reilly Maeve , Devins Mary 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo analyse the referral patterns of perinatal patients referred to a specialist palliative care service (SPCS), their demographics, diagnoses, duration of illness, place of death and symptom profile.DesignA retrospective chart review of all perinatal referrals over a 4-year period to the end of 2015.SettingA consultant-led paediatric SPCS at Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, and the Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin.Results83 perinatal referrals were received in a 4-year period. Chromosomal abnormalities accounted for 35% of diagnoses, congenital heart disease 25%, complex neurological abnormalities 11% and renal agenesis 4%. 22 referrals (26.5%) were made antenatally, with 61 (73.5%) postnatally. Of the postnatal referrals, 27 (44%) were asymptomatic on referral. An opioid medication was recommended (regularly or as required) in 46 cases. Symptom control was achieved without dose titration in 43 of these cases (93%). Of 47 deaths in this group referred postnatally, 22 of these (47%) died at home with support from community teams. Discharge home for best supportive care required complex interagency communication and cooperation.ConclusionsPerinatal palliative care requires effective multidisciplinary work, whether delivered in the inpatient setting or in the community. With appropriate support, end-of-life care can be delivered in the community.
Retrospective cohort analysis on pancreatic enzyme substitution in very low birthweight infants with postnatal growth failure
Authors: Ziegler Julian O , Maas Christoph , Bernhard Wolfgang , Arand Joerg , Poets Christian F , Franz Axel R 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of pancreatic enzyme substitution (PES) in selected very low birthweight (VLBW) infants with poor postnatal growth despite intensified nutritional support.DesignRetrospective historic cohort study with matched controls.SettingSingle level III neonatal intensive care unit.PatientsInfants with a gestational age at birth <32 weeks and birth weight <1500 g born between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2014 (n=26) who received PES for restricted postnatal growth despite intensified enteral nutritional support in comparison with infants matched for birth weight, birth year, gestational and postnatal age (n=52).InterventionsPES 15–93 mg/g fat with enteral feeds.Main outcome measuresThe difference in SD score (SDS) differences for weight during the 7 days before and after onset of PES and weight gain in g/kg/d. Data are presented as median (P10–P90).ResultsGestational age was 26.6 (24.4–29.9) weeks in enzyme substituted versus 26.4 (24.7–29.9) weeks in matched controls, and birth weight was 648(420–950)g versus 685(453–949)g. SDS differences for weight improved after onset of PES by 0.18(−0.12 to 0.53) in PES infants versus −0.04(−0.31 to 0.44) in controls. Weight gain increased in the PES group from 13.6 (4.2–22.9) g/kg/day in the week before to 19.0 (10.9–29.1) g/kg/day in the week after the onset of PES. There was no difference in weight gain in substituted subgroups receiving formula/pasteurised human milk versus unpasteurised human breast milk or who had pancreatic-specific elastase-1 concentrations in stool >200 µg/g versus≤200 µg/g. No adverse effects were noted.ConclusionsPES in selected VLBW infants with growth failure despite intensified enteral nutritional support was associated with a significant increase in weight gain in the first 7 days of PES.k
Dyspnoea in lupus
Authors: Fleri Soler Jeremy , Borg Andrew , Mercieca Cecilia 
Published: November 2017

A 32-year-old woman suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus presented with a 6-week history of progressive dyspnoea and pleuritic chest pain. Examination was normal apart from reduced air entry at the lung bases.Arterial blood gases showed hypoxaemia and chest X-ray revealed raised hemidiaphragms without any pleural effusions. Lung function showed a restrictive pathology while high-resolution chest CT and CT pulmonary angiogram were negative. Echocardiography showed normal ventricular diameters and no pericardial effusion. Reduced lung volumes and a positive fluoroscopic sniff test lead to a diagnosis of shrinking lung syndrome. Symptoms improved following treatment with glucocorticoids and non-invasive ventilation, but there was no change in lung function.A year later, our patient presented again with worsening dyspnoea. This time echocardiography revealed severe mitral stenosis with pulmonary hypertension. Mitral valve replacement was performed and dyspnoea resolved. Histology showed Libman-Sachs endocarditis.
Comparative evaluation of progression rate in keratoconus before and after collagen crosslinking
Authors: Wang Yu Meng , Chan Tommy CY , Yu Marco C Y , Jhanji Vishal 
Published: November 2017

PurposeTo compare the rate of disease progression in keratoconus before and after corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL).Methods145 eyes were followed without CXL (no-CXL group) for a median duration of 31 months whereas 45 eyes were followed up for 41 months before (pre-CXL) and after (post-CXL) accelerated, epithelium-off crosslinking. Progression was defined based on significant slope found in linear mixed effect models against time. Swept-source optical coherence tomography was used for measurement of anterior steep keratometry, anterior flat keratometry (Ant Kf), anterior average keratometry (Ant Avg K); posterior steep keratometry, posteriorflat keratometry (Post Kf), posterior average keratometry (Post Avg K) and corneal thickness.ResultsThe patients in pre-CXL group were significantly younger (26.3±5.48 years) compared with the patients in no-CXL group (32.7±10.24 years) (P=0.004). Significant differences were observed during baseline examination for all parameters (P≤0.035) between pre-CXL and no-CXL groups except Ant Cyl and Post Cyl. During observation period, statistically significant differences were noted between pre-CXL and no-CXL groups in the progression rate of Ant Kf, Ant Avg K, Post Kf and Post Avg K (P≤0.045). After CXL, the progression rate in post-CXL group was comparable to that in no-CXL group. All corneal parameters remained stable in no-CXL group throughout the follow-up period.ConclusionsSerial tomographic examination is useful to document disease progression before and after CXL. In our study, a decrease in progression rate of corneal parameters was noted after CXL. In cases with stable corneal parameters over time, careful monitoring can be considered instead of collagen crosslinking.
Treatment of conjunctival melanoma in a Dutch referral centre
Authors: Brouwer Niels J , Marinkovic Marina , van Duinen Sjoerd G , Bleeker Jaco C , Jager Martine J , Luyten Gregorius P M 
Published: November 2017

AimsTo evaluate the treatment of conjunctival melanoma at a large Dutch referral centre and to make recommendations for clinical management.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of clinical and histological data of 70 patients treated for a primary conjunctival melanoma between 2001 and 2014 at the Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. Detailed follow-up data were available for all patients.ResultsThe mean follow-up time was 70.2 months. The overall 5-year recurrence rate was 29%, the 5-year metastasis rate 12% and the 5-year melanoma-related survival 90%. Treatment with excision alone had a significantly higher 5-year recurrence rate than (the combination of) other treatments (HR 3.73,95% CI 1.19 to 11.6, P=0.02). Initial treatment in an ocular oncology centre was associated with fewer recurrences compared with initial treatment by a local ophthalmologist of a referring centre (HR 0.32,95% CI 0.11 to 0.94, P=0.04), despite similar tumour baseline characteristics.ConclusionConjunctival melanoma is a rare disease with a high recurrence rate. A treatment strategy with local excision and adjuvant therapy gave a good clinical outcome, excision alone as a treatment should be considered obsolete. Initial treatment in a large referral centre improves clinical outcome, and patients should be referred to a specialised centre as soon as possible.
Type 2 diabetes in general practice in Norway 2005–2014: moderate improvements in risk factor control but still major gaps in complication screening
Authors: Bakke Åsne , Cooper John G , Thue Geir , Skeie Svein , Carlsen Siri , Dalen Ingvild , Løvaas Karianne Fjeld , Madsen Tone Vonheim , Oord Ellen Renate , Berg Tore Julsrud , Claudi Tor , Tran Anh Thi , Gjelsvik Bjørn , Jenum Anne Karen , Sandberg Sverre 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the status of type 2 diabetes care in general practice and changes in the quality of care between 2005 and 2014, and to identify areas of diabetes care requiring improvement.Research design and methodsTwo cross-sectional surveys were performed that included patients with type 2 diabetes in selected areas (n=9464 in 2014, n=5463 in 2005). Quality of care was assessed based on key recommendations in national guidelines. Differences in clinical performance between 2005 and 2014 were assessed in regression models adjusting for age, sex, counties and clustering within general practices.ResultsTreatment targets were achieved in a higher proportion of patients in 2014 compared with 2005: hemoglobin A1c ≤7.0% (≤53 mmol/mol) in 62.8% vs 54.3%, blood pressure ≤135/80 mm Hg in 44.9% vs 36.6%, and total cholesterol ≤4.5 mmol/L in 49.9% vs 33.5% (all adjusted P≤0.001). Regarding screening procedures for microvascular complications, fewer patients had recorded an eye examination (61.0% vs 71.5%, adjusted P<0.001), whereas more patients underwent monofilament test (25.9% vs 18.7%, adjusted P<0.001). Testing for albuminuria remained low (30.3%) in 2014. A still high percentage were current smokers (22.7%).ConclusionsWe found moderate improvements in risk factor control for patients with type 2 diabetes in general practice during the last decade, which are similar to improvements reported in other countries. We report major gaps in the performance of recommended screening procedures to detect microvascular complications. The proportion of daily smokers remains high. We suggest incentives to promote further improvements in diabetes care in Norway.
Understanding the implementation of ‘sick day guidance’ to prevent acute kidney injury across a primary care setting in England: a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Martindale Anne-Marie , Elvey Rebecca , Howard Susan J , McCorkindale Sheila , Sinha Smeeta , Blakeman Tom 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesThe study sought to examine the implementation of sick day guidance cards designed to prevent acute kidney injury (AKI), in primary care settings.DesignQualitative semistructured interviews were conducted and comparative analysis informed by normalisation process theory was undertaken to understand sense-making, implementation and appraisal of the cards and associated guidance.SettingA single primary care health setting in the North of England.Participants29 participants took part in the qualitative evaluation: seven general practitioners, five practice nurses, five community pharmacists, four practice pharmacists, two administrators, one healthcare assistant and five patients.InterventionThe sick day guidance intervention was rolled out (2015–2016) in general practices (n=48) and community pharmacies (n=60). The materials consisted of a ‘medicine sick day guidance’ card, provided to patients who were taking the listed drugs. The card provided advice about medicines management during episodes of acute illness. An information leaflet was provided to healthcare practitioners and administrators suggesting how to use and give the cards.ResultsImplementation of sick day guidance cards to prevent AKI entailed a new set of working practises across primary care. A tension existed between ensuring reach in administration of the cards to at risk populations while being confident to ensure patient understanding of their purpose and use. Communicating the concept of temporary cessation of medicines was a particular challenge and limited their administration to patient populations at higher risk of AKI, particularly those with less capacity to self-manage.ConclusionsSick day guidance cards that focus solely on medicines management may be of limited patient benefit without adequate resourcing or if delivered as a standalone intervention. Development and evaluation of primary care interventions is urgently warranted to tackle the harm associated with AKI.
Consensus validation of the POSAMINO (POtentially Serious Alcohol–Medication INteractions in Older adults) criteria
Authors: Holton Alice E , Gallagher Paul J , Ryan Cristín , Fahey Tom , Cousins Gráinne 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesOlder adults are particularly vulnerable to adverse effects from concurrent alcohol and medication use. However, there is limited evidence regarding the prevalence of these adverse outcomes among older adults, and there is a lack of consensus regarding what constitutes an alcohol-interactive medicine. The objective of this study was to develop an explicit list of potentially serious alcohol–medication interactions for use in older adults.DesignFollowing a systematic review, review of drug compendia and clinical guidance documents, a two-round Delphi consensus method was conducted.SettingIreland and the United Kingdom (UK), primary care and hospital setting.ParticipantsThe Project Steering Group developed a list of potentially serious alcohol–medication interactions. The Delphi panel consisted of 19 healthcare professionals (general practitioners, geriatricians, hospital and community pharmacists, clinical pharmacologists and pharmacists, and physicians specialising in substance misuse).ResultsAn inventory of 52 potentially serious alcohol–medication interactions was developed by the Project Steering Group. British National Formulary black dot warnings (n=8) were included in the final criteria as they represent ‘potentially serious’ interactions. The remaining 44 criteria underwent a two-round Delphi process. In the first round, 13 criteria were accepted into the POtentially Serious Alcohol–Medication INteractions in Older adults (POSAMINO) criteria. Consensus was not reached on the remaining 31 criteria; 9 were removed and 8 additional criteria were included following a review of panellist comments. The remaining 30 criteria went to round 2, with 17 criteria reaching consensus, providing a final list of 38 potentially serious alcohol–medication interactions: central nervous system (n=15), cardiovascular system (n=9), endocrine system (n=5), musculoskeletal system (n=3), infections (n=3), malignant disease and immunosuppression (n=2), and respiratory system (n=1).ConclusionsPOSAMINO is the first set of explicit potentially serious alcohol–medication interactions for use in older adults. Following future validation studies, these criteria may allow for the risk stratification of older adults at the point of prescribing.
Association between organisational and workplace cultures, and patient outcomes: systematic review
Authors: Braithwaite Jeffrey , Herkes Jessica , Ludlow Kristiana , Testa Luke , Lamprell Gina 
Published: November 2017

Design and objectivesEvery organisation has a unique culture. There is a widely held view that a positive organisational culture is related to positive patient outcomes. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement, we systematically reviewed and synthesised the evidence on the extent to which organisational and workplace cultures are associated with patient outcomes.SettingA variety of healthcare facilities, including hospitals, general practices, pharmacies, military hospitals, aged care facilities, mental health and other healthcare contexts.ParticipantsThe articles included were heterogeneous in terms of participants. This was expected as we allowed scope for wide-ranging health contexts to be included in the review.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPatient outcomes, inclusive of specific outcomes such as pain level, as well as broader outcomes such as patient experience.ResultsThe search strategy identified 2049 relevant articles. A review of abstracts using the inclusion criteria yielded 204 articles eligible for full-text review. Sixty-two articles were included in the final analysis. We assessed studies for risk of bias and quality of evidence. The majority of studies (84%) were from North America or Europe, and conducted in hospital settings (89%). They were largely quantitative (94%) and cross-sectional (81%). The review identified four interventional studies, and no randomised controlled trials, but many good quality social science studies. We found that overall, positive organisational and workplace cultures were consistently associated with a wide range of patient outcomes such as reduced mortality rates, falls, hospital acquired infections and increased patient satisfaction.ConclusionsSynthesised, although there was no level 1 evidence, our review found a consistently positive association held between culture and outcomes across multiple studies, settings and countries. This supports the argument in favour of activities that promote positive cultures in order to enhance outcomes in healthcare organisations.
Association between respiratory syncytial viral disease and the subsequent risk of the first episode of severe asthma in different subgroups of high-risk Australian children: a whole-of-population-based cohort study
Authors: Homaira Nusrat , Briggs Nancy , Pardy Christopher , Hanly Mark , Oei Ju-Lee , Hilder Lisa , Bajuk Barbara , Lui Kei , Rawlinson William , Snelling Tom , Jaffe Adam 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the contribution of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to the subsequent development of severe asthma in different subgroups of children at risk of severe RSV disease.SettingsThe study was conducted in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.ParticipantsThe study comprised all children born in NSW between 2000 and 2010 with complete follow-up till 31 December 2011. The cohort was divided into three subgroups: (1) non-Indigenous high-risk children: non-Indigenous children born preterm or born with a low birth weight; (2) Indigenous children: children of mothers whose Indigenous status was recorded as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander and (3) non-Indigenous standard risk children: all other non-Indigenous term children.Primary outcome measureRisk of development of severe asthma in different subgroups of children who had RSV hospitalisation in the first 2 years of life compared with those who did not.DesignWe performed a retrospective cohort analysis using population-based linked administrative data. Extended Cox model was used to determine HR and 95% CI around the HR for first asthma hospitalisation in different subgroups of children.ResultsThe cohort comprised 847 516 children born between 2000 and 2010. In the adjusted Cox model, the HR of first asthma hospitalisation was higher and comparable across all subgroups of children who had RSV hospitalisation compared with those who did not. The HR (95% CI) was highest in children aged 2–3 years; 4.3 (95% CI 3.8 to 4.9) for high-risk, 4.0 (95% CI 3.3 to 4.8) for Indigenous and 3.9 (95% CI 3.7 to 4.1) for non-Indigenous standard risk children. This risk persisted beyond 7 years of age.ConclusionThis large study confirms a comparable increased risk of first asthma hospitalisation following RSV disease in the first 2 years of life across different subgroups children at risk.