bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presentation matters: Number of attributes presented impacts estimated preferences
Authors: Byrd Elizabeth S. , Widmar Nicole J. Olynk , Gramig Benjamin M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBest–worst scaling is an increasingly employed methodology in which both the number of attributes shown in each choice task and the number of tasks can vary. Researchers face a tradeoff between the number of attributes shown per question and the total number of questions. U.S. residents (n = 818) were randomly assigned to see one of two best–worst presentations of the same six meat attributes (taste, convenience, safety, animal welfare, price, and nutrition). Significant differences were found in the estimated preference shares when respondents were shown two versus three attributes at a time. Both presentations ranked safety as the most important, taste as the second most important, and convenience as the least important meat purchasing attribute. However, the distributions of most of the preference share estimates were statistically different. Differences in preferences share estimates resulting from the presentation of questions has the potential to influence marketing, retailing, and other decisions. [EconLit citations: C83, M31, Q13]
An Antibacterial β‐Lactone Kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Disrupting Mycolic Acid Biosynthesis
Authors: Lehmann Johannes , Cheng Tan‐Yun , Aggarwal Anup , Park Annie S. , Zeiler Evelyn , Raju Ravikiran M. , Akopian Tatos , Kandror Olga , Sacchettini James C. , Moody D. Branch , Rubin Eric J. , Sieber Stephan A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe spread of antibiotic resistance is a major challenge for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. In addition, the efficacy of drugs is often limited by the restricted permeability of the mycomembrane. Frontline antibiotics inhibit mycomembrane biosynthesis, leading to rapid cell death. Inspired by this mechanism, we exploited β‐lactones as putative mycolic acid mimics to block serine hydrolases involved in their biosynthesis. Among a collection of β‐lactones, we found one hit with potent anti‐mycobacterial and bactericidal activity. Chemical proteomics using an alkynylated probe identified Pks13 and Ag85 serine hydrolases as major targets. Validation through enzyme assays and customized 13C metabolite profiling showed that both targets are functionally impaired by the β‐lactone. Co‐administration with front‐line antibiotics enhanced the potency against M. tuberculosis by more than 100‐fold, thus demonstrating the therapeutic potential of targeting mycomembrane biosynthesis serine hydrolases.
Photodegradation of partially oriented and drawn polypropylene filaments
Authors: Abbasi Mahmoodabadi H. , Haghighat Kish M. , Aslanzadeh S. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe effects of fiber structure on the process of photodegradation are controversial in the field. We tested polypropylene fibers of various form for their effects on photodegradation. Fiber grade polypropylene granules were spun into partially oriented multifilament yarns at a spinning speed of 2000 m min−1. The yarns were drawn using a draw‐twist unit. Yarns were exposed to ultra‐violet radiations in a covered open air chamber for different periods of time under two different sources of emissions (UVA; λ > 300 nm and UVC; λ = 254 nm). The samples were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical testing, differential scanning calorimetry, microscopy, and density measurements. In photodegradation process, the drawn filaments had a longer induction time than undrawn ones. The mechanical properties of the undrawn yarns deteriorate faster than the drawn yarns. During the early periods of degradation helical content increases considerably, while the density fluctuates and increases. The degradation rate under UVC radiation was faster than under UVA radiation because of the higher energy of the UVC radiation. The upper photostability of the drawn yarns compared to the undrawn ones was due to the higher crystalline fraction and greater molecular orientation in the drawn yarn. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45716.
Self‐assembly of alginate/polyethyleneimine multilayer onto magnetic microspheres as an effective adsorbent for removal of anionic dyes
Authors: Xiong Bin , Wang Na , Chen Yanfang , Peng Hong 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTA novel magnetic adsorbent alginate/polyethyleneimine (ALG/PEI)n/MN was developed for removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solution in this study. (ALG/PEI)n/MN was prepared by depositing ALG/PEI multi‐layers onto amine‐modified Fe3O4 microspheres through layer‐by‐layer method. The morphologies and structures of the adsorbent were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, respectively, and its performance in adsorption of anionic dye (acid orange 10, AO10) under varied experimental conditions were also investigated. The results revealed that the uptake capacity of AO10 by (ALG/PEI)n/MN increased with the number of coated (ALG/PEI) bilayer on the adsorbents, and the maximum adsorption capacity for AO10 by (ALG/PEI)4MN was 246.3 mg g−1 at 25 °C. The adsorption process was exothermic and well described by the pseudo‐second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isothermal model. Moreover, (ALG/PEI)4/MN showed good reusability and excellent magnetic separability. All the results demonstrate that (ALG/PEI)4/MN is a potential recyclable adsorbent for removal of anionic dyes from wastewater. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45876.
Interfacial influence on mechanical properties of polypropylene/polypropylene‐grafted silica nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Wei , Wu Jingshen 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThree types of polypropylene‐grafted silica (PGS‐2 K, PGS‐8 K and PGS‐30 K) with different grafting chain lengths were prepared. After melt‐blending PGS with polypropylene (PP), we studied the PP/PGS interface properties and the influence of PP/PGS interfaces on mechanical properties of nanocomposites. The strong matrix/particle interface was observed in PP/PGS‐30 K nanocomposites with 5 wt % particle loading as evidenced by 2.5 °C increased glass transition temperature (Tg) compared with neat PP, whereas the weak matrix/particle interface was observed in PP/PGS‐2 K nanocomposites with decreased Tg. The variations in the matrix/particle interfacial strength lead to a transition in the yield stress of nanocomposites. Compared with the unfilled PP, the yield stress of the PP/PGS‐2 K nanocomposites is decreased by 0.7 MPa, and the yield stress of the PP/PGS‐30 K nanocomposites is enhanced by 1.4 MPa. In addition, benefiting from good dispersion, the PP/PGS‐masterbatch nanocomposites with a strong matrix/particle interface not only exhibit increased Young's modulus and yield stress, but also the strain at break remains in line with the unfilled PP, which is in contrast to the conventional wisdom that the gain in modulus and strength must be at the expense of the decreased break strain. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45887.
A comparison of different ways of including baseline counts in negative binomial models for data from falls prevention trials
Authors: Zheng Han , Kimber Alan , Goodwin Victoria A. , Pickering Ruth M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA common design for a falls prevention trial is to assess falling at baseline, randomize participants into an intervention or control group, and ask them to record the number of falls they experience during a follow‐up period of time. This paper addresses how best to include the baseline count in the analysis of the follow‐up count of falls in negative binomial (NB) regression. We examine the performance of various approaches in simulated datasets where both counts are generated from a mixed Poisson distribution with shared random subject effect. Including the baseline count after log‐transformation as a regressor in NB regression (NB‐logged) or as an offset (NB‐offset) resulted in greater power than including the untransformed baseline count (NB‐unlogged). Cook and Wei's conditional negative binomial (CNB) model replicates the underlying process generating the data. In our motivating dataset, a statistically significant intervention effect resulted from the NB‐logged, NB‐offset, and CNB models, but not from NB‐unlogged, and large, outlying baseline counts were overly influential in NB‐unlogged but not in NB‐logged. We conclude that there is little to lose by including the log‐transformed baseline count in standard NB regression compared to CNB for moderate to larger sized datasets.
Renal artery stenosis and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Reeves Ryan R. , Walters Daniel , Mahmud Ehtisham 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRenal artery stenosis (RAS) is a prevalent cause of secondary hypertension. Elderly patients with atherosclerosis and young women with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) are particularly at risk. Blood pressure screening is often key to this diagnosis, although the reliability of clinical screening has been questioned, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) likely offers superior ability to diagnose poorly controlled hypertension. In patients with RAS, medical management should be the primary means of therapy; however, in a select group of these patients, renal revascularization may be considered, and has been shown to reduce blood pressure and stabilize chronic kidney disease. In this report, we present a patient diagnosed with RAS due to FMD, found to have significant hypertension via ABPM, and treated successfully with percutaneous renal artery angioplasty; importantly, continuous 24‐hr ambulatory monitoring after pressure gradient guided renal angioplasty confirmed reduction in blood pressure.
Bicaval Medtronic Melody valve implantation for treatment of severe mitral regurgitation following the Mustard repair: A case report
Authors: Steinberg Zachary L. , Morray Brian H. , Jones Thomas K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe present a case of successful bicaval Melody valve implantation to treat severe mitral regurgitation in a 44‐year‐old man with d‐transposition of the great arteries, repaired via a Mustard operation. The patient sustained injury to the anterior mitral valve leaflet during laser extraction of a ventricular pacing lead resulting in acute, severe, symptomatic mitral regurgitation. The presence of systemic venous baffles of similar caliber to right ventricular outflow tract conduits allowed for implantation of Melody valves within each baffle. The patient remains asymptomatic with excellent Melody valve function 14 months post procedure.
Interventional closure of patent foramen ovale with Nit‐occlud® device in prevention of recurrent neurologic events—Long‐term results
Authors: Araszkiewicz Aleksander , Sławek Sylwia , Trojnarska Olga , Lesiak Maciej , Grygier Marek 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatent foramen ovale (PFO) was found to be associated with the increased risk of recurrent strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and there is a need of secondary prevention. Numerous devices have been developed and used for treatment.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new PFO occluder Nit‐Occlud PFO Occlusion Device (PFM medical, Germany).MethodsBetween January 2012 and August 2016, 151 patients (mean age 41 ± 11 years) who had suffered from a cryptogenic thromboembolic event underwent transcatheter PFO closure with the PFM Nit‐Occlud PFO device. The procedure was successful in 150 patients (99.3%). Mean clinical follow‐up time was 24.4 ± 16.1 months. Echocardiographic follow‐up was done at 6 weeks and 6 months post intervention by transesophageal contrast echocardiography in 90 (60%) of patients. Clinical end‐point was death, non‐fatal stroke, or TIA.ResultsNo major periprocedural or in‐hospital complications occurred. Stroke or TIA reoccurred generally in 5 (3.3%) patients (2 strokes and 3 TIA's). In one patient (0.7%) device, thrombosis was observed. Closure was sufficient with only minimal right‐to‐left residual shunt in seventeen cases of 90 examined patients (19%) after 6 weeks and in one patient (1.1%) 6 months post implantation.ConclusionsThe Nit‐Occlud PFO device and its delivery system are safe and provides sufficient closure of PFO in patients who suffered from cryptogenic stroke, TIA or paradoxical peripheral embolism. It is associated with high procedural success and favorable rates of complete closure.
Mechanism and Origin of the Stereoselectivity in the Palladium‐Catalyzed trans Hydroboration of Internal 1,3‐Enynes with an Azaborine‐Based Phosphine Ligand
Authors: Yang Yinuo , Jiang Julong , Yu Haizhu , Shi Jing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn azaborine‐based phosphine–Pd catalyst was introduced by the Liu group to promote trans hydroboration of the C≡C triple bond of internal 1,3‐enyne substrates. Despite the excellent yield and selectivity observed experimentally, the mechanism and the origin of this special trans selectivity remained unknown. Herein, a comprehensive theoretical investigation was performed to clarify these issues. Accordingly, two main mechanisms (inner‐ and outer‐sphere) were proposed and examined. Different from the conventional inner‐sphere mechanism, in which the transition metal is involved in H−B bond cleavage, this reaction follows an outer‐sphere mechanism, in which Pd does not directly participate in H−B bond cleavage. More specifically, the favorable pathway followed a Tsuji–Trost type reaction, in which the H−B bond was weakened by the formation of a four‐coordinate boron intermediate (i.e., the boron is attached to the terminal carbon of the alkyne group). It then underwent a hydride‐transfer process with the assistance of a second borane molecule, and finally reductive elimination generated the trans hydroboration product. Further analysis ascribed the origin of the special trans selectivity to the unique steric effect and electronic effect introduced by the special κ1‐P‐η2‐BC coordination pattern.
Dispersal influences genetic and acoustic spatial structure for both males and females in a tropical songbird
Authors: Graham Brendan A. , Heath Daniel D. , Mennill Daniel J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAnimals exhibit diverse dispersal strategies, including sex‐biased dispersal, a phenomenon common in vertebrates. Dispersal influences the genetic structure of populations as well as geographic variation in phenotypic traits. Patterns of spatial genetic structure and geographic variation may vary between the sexes whenever males and females exhibit different dispersal behaviors. Here, we examine dispersal, spatial genetic structure, and spatial acoustic structure in Rufous‐and‐white Wrens, a year‐round resident tropical bird. Both sexes sing in this species, allowing us to compare acoustic variation between males and females and examine the relationship between dispersal and song sharing for both sexes. Using a long‐term dataset collected over an 11‐year period, we used banding data and molecular genetic analyses to quantify natal and breeding dispersal distance in Rufous‐and‐white Wrens. We quantified song sharing and examined whether sharing varied with dispersal distance, for both males and females. Observational data and molecular genetic analyses indicate that dispersal is female‐biased. Females dispersed farther from natal territories than males, and more often between breeding territories than males. Furthermore, females showed no significant spatial genetic structure, consistent with expectations, whereas males showed significant spatial genetic structure. Overall, natal dispersal appears to have more influence than breeding dispersal on spatial genetic structure and spatial acoustic structure, given that the majority of breeding dispersal events resulted in individuals moving only short distances. Song sharing between pairs of same‐sex animals decreases with the distance between their territories for both males and females, although males exhibited significantly greater song sharing than females. Lastly, we measured the relationship between natal dispersal distance and song sharing. We found that sons shared fewer songs with their fathers the farther they dispersed from their natal territories, but that song sharing between daughters and mothers was not significantly correlated with natal dispersal distance. Our results reveal cultural differences between the sexes, suggesting a relationship between culture and sex‐biased dispersal.
Nitrogen loss from karst area in China in recent 50 years: An in‐situ simulated rainfall experiment's assessment
Authors: Song Xianwei , Gao Yang , Green Sophie M. , Dungait Jennifer A. J. , Peng Tao , Quine Timothy A. , Xiong Bailian , Wen Xuefa , He Nianpeng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractKarst topography covers more than 1/3 of the People's Republic of China in area. The porous, fissured, and soluble nature of the underlying karst bedrock (primarily dolomite and limestone) leads to the formation of underground drainage systems. Karst conduit networks dominate this system, and rainfall takes a crucial role on water cycle at China karst area. Nitrogen loss from the karst system is of particular concern, with regard to nutrient use efficiency as well as water quality, as much of the karst system, including steeply sloping terrain, is used for intensive agriculture. We use simulated rainfall experiments to determine the relationship between rainfall and nitrogen loss at typical karst slope land and then estimate nitrogen loss from the karst soil. The results show that both surface runoff and subsurface runoff have a significant linear correlation with rainfall at all studied sites. Subsurface runoff is larger than surface runoff at two karst sites, while the opposite is true at the non‐karst site. Exponential function satisfactorily described the correlation between rainfall and nitrogen concentrations in runoff. Nitrates accounted for 60%–95% of the dissolved nitrogen loss (DN, an index of N‐loss in this research). The estimated annual N‐loss load varies between 1.05 and 1.67 Tg N/year in the whole karst regions of China from 1961 to 2014. Approximately, 90% of the N‐loss load occurred during the wet season, and 90% of that passed through the subsurface. Understanding the processes and estimating N‐loss is highly valuable in determining long‐term soil security and sustainability in karst regions.
Temporal constraints on the potential role of fry odors as cues of past reproductive success for spawning lake trout
Authors: Buchinger Tyler J. , Marsden J. Ellen , Binder Thomas R. , Huertas Mar , Bussy Ugo , Li Ke , Hanson James E. , Krueger Charles C. , Li Weiming , Johnson Nicholas S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDeciding where to reproduce is a major challenge for most animals. Many select habitats based upon cues of successful reproduction by conspecifics, such as the presence of offspring from past reproductive events. For example, some fishes select spawning habitat following odors released by juveniles whose rearing habitat overlaps with spawning habitat. However, juveniles may emigrate before adults begin to search for spawning habitat; hence, the efficacy of juvenile cues could be constrained by degradation or dissipation rates. In lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), odors deposited by the previous year's offspring have been hypothesized to guide adults to spawning reefs. However, in most extant populations, lake trout fry emigrate from spawning reefs during the spring and adults spawn during the fall. Therefore, we postulated that the role of fry odors in guiding habitat selection might be constrained by the time between fry emigration and adult spawning. Time course chemical, physiological, and behavioral assays indicated that the odors deposited by fry likely degrade or dissipate before adults select spawning habitats. Furthermore, fry feces did not attract wild lake trout to constructed spawning reefs in Lake Huron. Taken together, our results indicate fry odors are unlikely to act as cues for lake trout searching for spawning reefs in populations whose juveniles emigrate before the spawning season, and underscore the importance of environmental constraints on social cues.
Catalytic Tandem Reaction for the Production of Jet and Diesel Fuel Range Alkanes
Authors: Li Hu , Gui Zhenyou , Yang Song , Qi Zhiwen , Saravanamurugan Shunmugavel , Riisager Anders 
Published: October 2017

AbstractJet and diesel fuels are typically composed of C9‐C14 and C12‐C20 hydrocarbons, respectively, but the carbon‐chain length of sugar‐derived aldehydes and furanic compounds is no longer than C6. Here, a cascade catalytic process involving alkylation and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of 2‐methylfuran (2‐MF) with different aldehydes is conducted to directly produce long‐chain alkanes with exclusive carbon number of C11‐C17 in overall yields of 50–84 %. Preliminary investigations on the alkylation of 2‐MF and formalin show that the relative density of Lewis and Brønsted acidic sites of zeolitic materials remarkably affect their catalytic activity and selectivity. Sn‐beta(12.5) with pronounced Lewis acidity (including the acid density and strength) exhibits higher catalytic performance in the alkylation than other zeolites, producing long‐chain oxygenates in 58–92 % yields. Even in aqueous solution, the Sn‐beta(12.5) catalyst can be reused for at least six reaction cycles with almost constant reactivity. More importantly, the co‐addition of Hf(OTf)4 with Pd/C greatly promotes C−O bond cleavage of the furan‐ring during the HDO process under mild reaction conditions, producing long‐chain alkanes in high yields of 84–94 %.
Ultra‐low Mass Sputtered and Conventional Catalyst Layers on Plasma‐etched Nafion for PEMFC Applications
Authors: Omosebi A. , Besser R. S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper presents performance results for the use of plasma‐etched Nafion membranes to suppress polarization losses in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) configured from 0.1 mg cm−2 conventional Pt/C dispersion and 0.02 mg cm−2 ultra‐thin sputter‐deposited Pt catalyst layers. Four MEA configurations, namely, etched membrane‐conventional electrode, pristine membrane‐conventional electrode, etched membrane‐sputter electrode, and pristine membrane‐sputter electrode cells were explored, and their respective maximum power densities were ∼514.6, 417.9, 170.1 and 138.3 mW cm−2. The results demonstrated that independent of MEA fabrication approach, cells with O2 plasma treated membranes had reduced ohmic resistances and delivered superior performance over their pristine counterparts, validating the utility of membrane etching for achieving improved PEMFC performance.