bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inventory of Interbasin Transfers in the United States
Authors: Dickson Kerim E. , Dzombak David A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInterbasin transfers (IBTs) are man‐made transfers of water that cross basin boundaries. These transfers are used to distribute water resources according to supply and demand. The objectives of this work were to quantify the number of IBTs that exist in the United States (U.S.) and to examine the distribution of IBTs and potential causes associated with any observed clustering of IBTs. Defining “basin” was important to enable determination of which transfers qualify as “interbasin.” A variety of definitions are employed by states, with no federal definition. The most recent national studies of IBTs were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1985 and 1986 using USGS Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) definitions of basins. To build a 2016 inventory of IBTs in the U.S., and to identify where they most commonly occur, the USGS National Hydrography Database (NHD) was utilized in conjunction with the Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD). Transfers across HUC6 basin boundaries were considered interbasin. Geographical information analysis with the NHD and WBD databases revealed that there are a total of 2,161 man‐made waterways crossing HUC6 basin boundaries in the U.S. IBTs are somewhat concentrated: Florida, Texas, and North Carolina account for over 50% of the total identified IBTs. For some states, identified IBTs are locally clustered. Analysis of these clusters suggests a variety of reasons that IBTs have been built, including population, drainage, and agricultural factors.
Individual growth as a non‐dietary determinant of the isotopic niche metrics
Authors: Gorokhova Elena 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Quantitative analytical approaches for isotopic niche analysis in the trophic diversity studies are proliferating rapidly; however, the assumptions behind the isotopic niche applications are rarely tested. One of the main assumptions is independence of the niche metrics and physiological status of the animals. The aim of this experimental study was to test the relationship between growth and Layman's metrics of isotopic niche in consumers eating the same food but in different quantities and growing at different rates.

Based on research indicating that individual variability in isotopic fractionation increases under suboptimal conditions, I hypothesized that a group of consumers originating from the same population and exposed to food limitation would have greater estimates of the niche breadth and diversity as a result of higher inter‐individual variability in growth rate and stable isotope signatures than in non‐limiting feeding conditions. This hypothesis was tested using Baltic mysids Neomysis integer fed isotopically uniform diet under laboratory conditions and analysing individual growth and stable isotope signature in concert.

As hypothesized, mysid growth rate was a significant negative predictor of most niche metrics. These effects were related to both increased inter‐individual variability and higher trophic fractionation in malnourished animals, whereas in actively growing mysids, lower fractionation was observed together with lower values for niche size, isotopic range and trophic diversity.

These findings challenge how we interpret the intrapopulation isotopic variance and evaluate isotopic evidence of individual specialization and call for integrated approaches for isotopic niche and growth assessment.
“Tangled Up in These Conceptualities”: Sanction, Protest, and Ideology in Berlin, Germany
Authors: McGill Kenneth 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis article examines one informant's approach to the relationship between ideological concepts and political power. I argue that ideological representation must be understood on its own terms, rather than within a larger theory of discourse. I point toward three key qualities of every encounter with ideological representation: subjectivity, discontinuity, and commitment. The fieldwork on which this article is based occurred in Berlin, Germany, during the fall 2014. During this period, my research focused on activists committed to overturning the sanctioning policy (Sanktionspolitik), which allows case managers to dock the unemployment benefits of their clients. [ideology, subjectivity, welfare state, Germany]
Transposing Brazilian Carnival: Religion, Cultural Heritage, and Secularism in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Oosterbaan Martijn 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the rise of evangelical carnival parades in Rio de Janeiro in relation to spectacular carnival parades that feature Afro‐Brazilian religious elements. The article exposes divergent intersections of religion and cultural heritage in Brazilian carnival. The first intersection aims to affirm the intrinsic connection betweensamba enredocarnival music and Afro‐Brazilian religion by means of cultural heritage narratives, and the second type employs similar narratives to undo this connection, attempting to make samba enredo accessible to evangelical religious performance. The article demonstrates the important role secularism plays in upholding distinctions between “culture” and “religion,” and shows how evangelical carnival groups engage with such historical formations by means of estratégia (strategy)—evangelical performances in cultural styles that are commonly perceived as “worldly.” This estratégia depends on and proposes a particular set of semiotic ideologies that allows for the separation of cultural form and spiritual content. Efforts to open up “national” cultural styles to different religious groups in light of multicultural politics are laudable, but advocates of such politics should keep in mind that cultural heritage regimes concerning samba push in the opposite direction and support a different set of semiotic ideologies. [religion, carnival, secularism, cultural heritage, Brazil]
Group Membership Influences More Social Identification Than Social Learning or Overimitation in Children
Authors: Gruber Thibaud , Deschenaux Amélie , Frick Aurélien , Clément Fabrice 
Published: August 2017

Group membership is a strong driver of everyday life in humans, influencing similarity judgments, trust choices, and learning processes. However, its ontogenetic development remains to be understood. This study investigated how group membership, age, sex, and identification with a team influenced 39‐ to 60‐month‐old children (N = 94) in a series of similarity, trust, and learning tasks. Group membership had the most influence on similarity and trust tasks, strongly biasing choices toward in‐groups. In contrast, prior experience and identification with the team were the most important factors in the learning tasks. Finally, overimitation occurred most when the children's team, but not the opposite, displayed meaningless actions. Future work must investigate how these cognitive abilities combine during development to facilitate cultural processes.
Specters of Social Antagonism: The Cultural Psychodynamics of Dream Aggression among the Tzotzil Maya of San Juan Chamula (Chiapas, Mexico)
Authors: Groark Kevin P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this article, I present an analysis of “persecution dreams” among the Tzotzil Maya of San Juan Chamula, discussing the complex connections among sickness, interpersonal aggression, ideologies of social antagonism, and the spectral phantasies that shadow these social phenomena. Building on this ethnographic foundation, I present a “cultural psychodynamic” account framed in terms of projective‐introjective dynamics (functioning at both the individual and social levels), arguing that the aggression dream serves as an experience structure in which inner and outer realities become deeply interwoven—often resulting in an increased sense of insecurity and existential threat. At its broadest level, this article is concerned with the affective dimensions of dream life, the processing of real affects and social relations within the register of phantasy, and the transposition of these phantasy‐laden feelings back into waking life, where they influence not only the individual's sense of well‐being, but the tenor of actual interpersonal relations.
Effects of inbreeding on a gregarious parasitoid wasp with complementary sex determination
Authors: Zaviezo Tania , Retamal Romina , Urvois Teddy , Fauvergue Xavier , Blin Aurélie , Malausa Thibaut 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInbreeding and inbreeding depression are processes in small populations of particular interest for a range of human activities such as animal breeding, species conservation, or pest management. In particular, biological control programs should benefit from a thorough understanding of the causes and consequences of inbreeding because natural enemies experience repetitive bottlenecks during importation, laboratory rearing, and introduction. Predicting the effect of inbreeding in hymenopteran parasitoid wasps, frequently used in biological control programs, is nonetheless a difficult endeavor. In haplodiploid parasitoids, the purge of deleterious alleles via haploid males should reduce genetic load, but if these species also have complementary sex determination (CSD), abnormal diploid males will be produced, which may jeopardize the success of biological control introductions. Mastrus ridens is such a parasitoid wasp with CSD, introduced to control the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). We studied its life history traits in the laboratory under two conditions: inbred (full‐sib) and outbred (nonsib) crosses, across five generations, to examine the consequences of inbreeding in this species. We found that in inbred lines, nonreproducing females live less, the number of daughters produced was lower, and sex ratio (proportion of males) and proportion of diploid males were higher. Diploid males were able to produce fertile daughters, but fewer than haploid males. Lineage survival was similar for inbred and outbred lines across the five generations. The most significant decrease in fitness was thus a consequence of the production of diploid males, but this effect was not as extreme as in most other species with CSD, due to the fertility of diploid males. This study highlights the importance of determining the type of sex determination in parasitoid wasps used for biological control, and the importance of maintaining genetic diversity in species with CSD when importation or augmentation is the goal.
Mineral trioxide aggregate and other bioactive endodontic cements: an updated overview – part II: other clinical applications and complications
Authors: Torabinejad M. , Parirokh M. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a dental material used extensively for vital pulp therapies (VPT), protecting scaffolds during regenerative endodontic procedures, apical barriers in teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices, perforation repairs as well as root canal filling and root‐end filling during surgical endodontics. A number of bioactive endodontic cements (BECs) have recently been introduced to the market. Most of these materials have calcium and silicate in their compositions; however, bioactivity is a common property of these cements. These materials include the following: BioAggregate, Biodentine, BioRoot RCS, calcium‐enriched mixture cement, Endo‐CPM, Endocem, EndoSequence, EndoBinder, EndoSeal MTA, iRoot, MicroMega MTA, MTA Bio, MTA Fillapex, MTA Plus, Neo MTA Plus, Ortho MTA, Quick‐Set, Retro MTA, Tech Biosealer, and TheraCal LC. It has been claimed that these materials have properties similar to those of MTA but without the drawbacks. In Part I of this review, the available information on the chemical composition of the materials listed above was reviewed and their applications for VPT was discussed. In this article, the clinical applications of MTA and other BECs will be reviewed for apexification, regenerative endodontics, perforation repair, root canal filling, root‐end filling, restorative procedures, periodontal defects and treatment of vertical and horizontal root fractures. In addition, the literature regarding the possible drawbacks of these materials following their clinical applications is reviewed. These drawbacks include their discolouration potential, systemic effects and retreatability following use as a root filling material. Based on selected keywords, all publications were searched regarding the use of MTA as well as BECs for the relevant clinical applications. Numerous publications were found regarding the use of BECs for various endodontic applications. The majority of these investigations compared BECs with MTA. Despite promising results for some materials, the number of publications using BECs for various clinical applications was limited. Furthermore, most studies had several methodological shortcomings and low levels of evidence.
Pooled analysis of 1‐year recall data from three root canal treatment outcome studies undertaken using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Al‐Nuaimi N. , Patel S. , Davies A. , Bakhsh A. , Foschi F. , Mannocci F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo provide an estimate of the proportion of successful outcomes of primary and secondary root canal treatments (retreatments) determined by periapical radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), a pooled analysis of the data collected from three previous prospective clinical outcome studies was undertaken.MethodologyThe analysis pooled the 1‐year results for 354 teeth, including 123 primary treatments and 231 retreatments. All root canals were instrumented with ProTaper Universal and filled using a warm vertical condensation technique. Comparisons of favourable results between root canal treatments and retreatments and between different tooth types were made using chi‐square/Fisher's exact test.ResultsThe overall percentage of favourable results was 91% using periapical radiographs and 80% for CBCT (P < 0.001). With CBCT, the percentage of favourable results for primary treatments (84.7%) was not significantly different (P = 0.316) from that of retreatments (77.9%). When assessed by tooth group, the overall percentage of favourable results with CBCT was 75.5%, 90.6% and 91.1% for molar, premolar and anterior teeth, respectively. When CBCT is used to assess the outcome, the proportion of favourable outcomes in molars was significantly lower than that of premolars and anterior teeth (P < 0.05). Teeth with root fillings terminating more than 2 mm short of the radiographic apex had less favourable outcomes (73%) compared to long (83%) and adequate root filling length (84%).ConclusionsThe proportions of favourable outcomes of primary root canal treatments and retreatments assessed with CBCT were lower when compared to periapical radiographs, and also lower than those historically reported by periapical radiograph‐based outcome studies.Considering the very high favourable outcome of anterior teeth and premolars compared to molar teeth, future studies assessing the effect of new materials and techniques on the outcome of root canal treatments should be based on preoperative and postoperative CBCT images, and focus on molar teeth.
Long‐term aspirin does not lower risk of stroke and increases bleeding risk in low‐risk atrial fibrillation ablation patients
Authors: Jacobs Victoria , May Heidi T. , Bair Tami L. , Crandall Brian G. , Cutler DO Michael J. , Day John D. , Mallender Charles , Osborn Jeffrey S. , Weiss J. Peter , Bunch T. Jared 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundStroke risk is a significant concern in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Low stroke risk patients (CHADS2VASc 0–2) are often treated long‐term with aspirin after catheter ablation. Defining the long‐term risks versus benefits of aspirin therapy, after an ablation, is essential to validate this common clinical approach.MethodsA total of 4,124 AF ablation patients undergoing their index ablation were included in this retrospective observational study. We compared 1‐ and 3‐year outcomes for cerebrovascular accident (CVA), transient ischemic attack (TIA), gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, genitourinary (GU) bleeding, any bleeding, and AF recurrence among patients receiving: none, aspirin, or warfarin as long‐term therapies.ResultsPatient distribution by CHADS2VASc scores was as follows: 0: 1,143 (28%), 1: 1,588 (39%), and 2: 1,393 (34%). Significantly higher incidents of: female gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and vascular disease were seen with higher CHADS2VASc scores (P < 0.0001 for all). At 3 years, 238 (5.9%) patients were on warfarin, 743 (18.6) on aspirin, and 3,013 (75.5%) on no therapy; with occurrences of CVA/TIA (1.4%, 3.0%, 3.9%, P < 0.0001, respectively), GI bleeding (0.8%, 1.9%, 1.1%, P = 0.06, respectively), and GU bleeding (1.7%, 2.8%, 2.1%, P = 0.008, respectively) that increased with advancing CHA2DS2VASc score. There was a significantly increased risk for both CVA/TIA with aspirin therapy, when compared to no therapy or warfarin therapy in general, and across all CHA2DS2VASc scores.ConclusionsAfter catheter ablation, low risk patients do not benefit from long‐term aspirin therapy, but are at risk for higher rates of bleeding when compared to no therapy or warfarin.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of sonidegib in patients with locally advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma: 30‐month analysis of the randomized phase 2 BOLT study
Authors: Lear J.T. , Migden M.R. , Lewis K.D. , Chang A.L.S. , Guminski A. , Gutzmer R. , Dirix L. , Combemale P. , Stratigos A. , Plummer R. , Castro H. , Yi T. , Mone M. , Zhou J. , Trefzer U. , Kaatz M. , Loquai C. , Kudchadkar R. , Sellami D. , Dummer R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatients with locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (laBCC) or metastatic BCC (mBCC), two difficult‐to‐treat populations, have had limited treatment options. Sonidegib, a hedgehog pathway inhibitor (HPI), was approved in laBCC based on results from the BOLT trial.ObjectiveTo evaluate long‐term efficacy and safety of sonidegib in laBCC and mBCC in the BOLT 18‐ and 30‐month analyses.MethodsBOLT (NCT01327053, ClinicalTrials.gov), a double‐blind phase 2 study, enrolled patients from July 2011 until January 2013. Eligible HPI‐treatment–naïve patients with laBCC not amenable to curative surgery/radiotherapy or mBCC were randomized 1 : 2 to sonidegib 200 mg (laBCC, n = 66; mBCC, n = 13) or 800 mg (laBCC, n = 128; mBCC, n = 23). Tumour response was assessed per central and investigator review.ResultsWith 30 months of follow‐up, among patients treated with sonidegib 200 mg (approved dose), objective response rates were 56.1% (central) and 71.2% (investigator) in laBCC and 7.7% (central) and 23.1% (investigator) in mBCC. Tumour responses were durable as follows: median duration of response was 26.1 months (central) and 15.7 months (investigator) in laBCC and 24.0 months (central) and 18.1 months (investigator) in mBCC. Five patients with laBCC and three with mBCC in the 200‐mg arm died. Median overall survival was not reached in either population; 2‐year overall survival rates were 93.2% (laBCC) and 69.3% (mBCC). In laBCC, efficacy was similar regardless of aggressive or non‐aggressive histology. Sonidegib 200 mg continued to have a better safety profile than 800 mg, with lower rates of grade 3/4 adverse events (43.0% vs. 64.0%) and adverse events leading to discontinuation (30.4% vs. 40.0%).ConclusionSonidegib continued to demonstrate long‐term efficacy and safety in these populations. These data support the use of sonidegib 200 mg per local treatment guidelines.
Do Safety Culture Scores in Nursing Homes Depend on Job Role and Ownership? Results from a National Survey
Authors: Banaszak‐Holl Jane , Reichert Heidi , Todd Greene M. , Mody Lona , Wald Heidi L. , Crnich Christopher , McNamara Sara E. , Meddings Jennifer 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo identify facility‐ and individual‐level predictors of nursing home safety culture.DesignCross‐sectional survey of individuals within facilities.SettingNursing homes participating in the national Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Safety Program for Long‐Term Care: Healthcare‐Associated Infections/Catheter‐Associated Urinary Tract Infections Project.ParticipantsResponding nursing home staff (N = 14,177) from 170 (81%) of 210 participating facilities.MeasurementsStaff responses to the Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture (NHSOPS), focused on five domains (teamwork, training and skills, communication openness, supervisor expectations, organizational learning) and individual respondent characteristics (occupation, tenure, hours worked), were merged with data on facility characteristics (from the Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reporting): ownership, chain membership, percentage residents on Medicare, bed size. Data were analyzed using multivariate hierarchical models.ResultsNursing assistants rated all domains worse than administrators did (P < .001), with the largest differences for communication openness (24.3 points), teamwork (17.4 points), and supervisor expectations (16.1 points). Clinical staff rated all domains worse than administrators. Nonprofit ownership was associated with worse training and skills (by 6.0 points, P =.04) and communication openness (7.3 points, P =.004), and nonprofit and chain ownership were associated with worse supervisor expectations (5.2 points, P =.001 and 3.2 points, P =.03, respectively) and organizational learning (5.6 points, P =.009 and 4.2 points, P = .03). The percentage of variation in safety culture attributable to facility characteristics was less than 22%, with ownership having the strongest effect.ConclusionPerceptions of safety culture vary widely among nursing home staff, with administrators consistently perceiving better safety culture than clinical staff who spend more time with residents. Reporting safety culture scores according to occupation may be more important than facility‐level scores alone to describe and assess barriers, facilitators, and changes in safety culture.
Development and Validation of a Geriatrics Knowledge Test to Evaluate Geriatrics Fellowship Programs
Authors: Tuqan Alia T. , Lee Ming , Weintraub Nancy T. , Reuben David B. 
Published: August 2017

Background/ObjectivesAlthough the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires that geriatrics fellowship programs be evaluated, evaluation is challenging because of lack of appropriate instruments. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a geriatrics knowledge test appropriate for evaluation of geriatrics fellowship programs.DesignInitial and replication cross‐sectional validation studies.SettingAcademic medical center.ParticipantsInitial study: 11 postgraduate year (PGY)‐2 and five PGY‐3 internal medicine residents, eight incoming and eight graduating geriatrics fellows, and 11 geriatrics faculty (N = 43). Replication study: nine graduating fellows and three mid‐year fellow cohorts (n = 11, 8, and 9) (N = 37).MeasurementsA geriatrics knowledge test was developed consisting of 31 multiple‐choice questions (MCQs) selected from a 54‐item pool of MCQs that the authors created. Selection criteria included content appropriateness, item correlation with total score, item discriminatory power, and item difficulty.ResultsThe instrument demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach alpha = 0.83) and known group validity. The mean percentage correct scores on the knowledge test were progressively higher with more geriatrics training (P < .001). The replication study continued to show patterns of progressive increases in score with additional training. There were no floor or ceiling effects.ConclusionA 31‐item geriatrics knowledge test demonstrates sound reliability and validity. The findings support that it is appropriate as a tool for evaluation of geriatrics fellowship programs.