bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women in ‘African cinema’ and ‘Nollywood films’: A shift in cinematic regimes
Authors: Harrow Kenneth W. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
There have been dramatic changes in depictions of women from the feminist perspectives in the first decades of postcolonial sub-Saharan African celluloid cinema (1960s–80s), to women in a global digital era (1990s–present). A classic example of African celluloid cinema, its style and political gravitas, can be seen in Jean-Marie Teno’s latest film, Une feuille dans le vent (2013). Though it appeared in the digital period, and may technically be digital, stylistically and thematically it bears all the hallmarks of ‘FESPACO cinema’. Conversely, the work of Tunde Kelani, one of the stalwarts of Nollywood video film, falls under the rubric of ‘African video film’, often dubbed ‘Nollywood’. To understand what the shift from ‘serious African cinema’ to Nollywood has meant for women and feminism in African cinema, I will elaborate on Butler and Athanasiou’s notion of dispossession in considering Teno’s ‘celluloid’ Feuille and Frank Arase’s digital Beyonce (2006). I hope to bridge issues of early African feminism that focused on representation to those now framed in terms of genre cinema.
Perspectives on new popular African cinema, history and creative destruction in Viva Riva! (2011)
Authors: Tchouaffe Olivier J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Perspectives on new popular African cinema, history and creative destruction in Viva Riva! (2011) reflects on Viva Riva! and the resurgence of contemporary African cinema in a rapidly changing knowledge economy. This new creative environment is embedded in a shifting power dynamic where digital platforms, have revolutionized viewing habits on the continent and in the diaspora. This new knowledge economy and social changes affect how the African filmmakers work, identify and mobilize cinematic resources in order to create a unique approach when developing new cinematic aesthetic sensibilities that match technologies with the Zeitgeist in Africa. These new expressive film techniques capture and resonate with an audience whose particular modes of reception have migrated from the movie theatre to emerging and converging digital platforms such as streaming technologies, social media and Internet movie downloads on laptops, iPhones, iPads, smartphones, YouTube, Netflix, DVDs, VODs, cable and satellite.
An ecocritical approach to civilization and barbarism in Ecuadorian television and cinema: The adaptations of Cumandá, La Tigra and Los Sangurimas
Authors: Dillon Michael 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This article provides an ecocritical analysis on how the civilization and barbarism dichotomy in literary texts, such as Juan Leon Mera’s novel Cumandá (1877) and José de la Cuadra’s narrative works La Tigra (1932) and Los Sangurimas (1934), has changed in their respective cinematic adaptations, including Cumandá by César Carmigniani (1993), La Tigra by Camilo Luzuriaga (1989) and La magia Sangurima by Carl West (1993). The changes in the evolution of this dichotomy are explained from a romantic perspective to modern adaptation, concluding with an overview of how these present the argument in favour of protecting the environment and its inhabitants. This is a reflection of both contemporary trends and age-old beliefs in Ecuadorian society.
Men on the market: Feminist analysis of age-stratified male–male romance in Boys’ Love manga
Authors: Madill Anna 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Male–male sexuality is the central trope of Boys’ Love (BL) manga with stories tending to revolve around a central uke-seme (‘bottom’–‘top’) pair. Although focused on men, BL is produced and consumed primarily by women. This article presents, from an anglophone British perspective, analysis of age-stratified male–male romance – paederasty – as portrayed in BL. My corpus consists of 234 commercially-translated original Japanese BL manga stories, created by 100 different mangaka (author-artists), published commercially in English between 2003 and 2012. A total of 68 (30%) of these stories were identified as involving agestratified relationships, eight of which were selected for detailed analysis. Seven were selected for typicality: Waru (2007) by Yukari Hashida deemed the most typical. Fangs (2008) by Hiroki Kusumoto was also included in analysis as the most atypical age-stratified story in order to test the robustness of identified patterns. I argue that that, from an anglophone perspective, the characteristic themes of age-stratified BL map surprising well onto the eroticised intra-familial dynamics of Freud and the intra- and inter-familial economics of Lévi-Strauss. The patterns identified are evidenced and discussed under the following headings: the mother identified son, the doubly divested man, the castrated father, men on the market and the mother with the phallus. These themes help build and substantiate my argument that age-stratified BL might work, within an anglophone context at least, as a feminist critique of patriarchy through the mechanism of phallic divestiture.
Physiological Responses to Cadmium, Nickel and their Interaction in the Seedlings of Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars
Authors: Pavlovkin Ján , Artiushenko Tatiana , Syshchykov Dmitry , Fiala Roderik , Repka Vladimír , Čiamporová Milada 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In the leaves of maize seedlings, cultivars Premia and Blitz, the relatively low 2 μmol/L concentration of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), or both metals acting simultaneously (Cd +Ni) for 72 h, induced a significant metal accumulation, decrease in total K+ content, reduction of light-induced membrane electrical potential (EM) repolarisation in mesophyll cells and changes of ascorbic acid (AsA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and glutathione (GSH) content. Shoot growth and the values of resting EM did not change significantly. Increased K+ leakage, from the leaves, and lipid peroxidation accompanied by increase of TBA-reactive substances (TBARS) were found only in cv. Blitz exposed to Cd + Ni. This indicates a capability of high leaf-cell anti-oxidant pool to ameliorate the toxic effects on plasma membrane of single ions in both cultivars, and of Cd + Ni only in cv. Premia. The decreased total content of K+ in leaves in all variants indicated repressing the K+ uptake and/or distribution to the shoots. Under anoxia, the magnitude of the repolarisation obtained after switching on the light was smaller in Cd-treated cultivar Premia than in the controls, and this also occurred in Ni- and Cd + Ni-treated cultivar Blitz.
Infectious and non-infectious factors associated with leg disorders in poultry – a review
Authors: Kierończyk Bartosz , Rawski Mateusz , Józefiak Damian , Świątkiewicz Sylwester 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Broiler chicken welfare, health and performance are strictly linked with skeleton development. Lameness compromises welfare of broiler chickens and causes considerable economic loss since lame birds have difficulty accessing feed and water, become dehydrated and eventually die. Leg disorders are therefore considered to be one of the main factors associated with in-field mortalities between 21-42 d in broiler rearing at European poultry farms. In chickens and other farm animals, bone development is strictly correlated with dietary content of inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), as well as calcium and phosphorus availability. However, lameness is also associated with many other factors, such as diseases, genetics, species, gender, growth, aging, as well as physical loading, rearing period and management. Therefore, the aim of the current paper is to review selected noninfectious and infectious factors, which contribute to bone quality in poultry.
Bar Formation in Milky Way type Galaxies
Authors: Polyachenko E. V. , Berczik P. , Just A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Many barred galaxies, possibly including the Milky Way, have cusps in their centers. There is a widespread belief, however, that the usual bar instability, which occurs in bulgeless galaxy models, is impossible for cuspy models because of the presence of the inner Lindblad resonance for any pattern speed. At the same time, there is numerical evidence that the bar instability can form a bar. We analyze this discrepancy by performing accurate and diverse N-body simulations and calculating the normal modes. We show that bar formation in cuspy galaxies can be explained by taking into account the disk thickness. The exponential growth time is moderate (about 250 Myr) for typical current disk masses, but it increases considerably (by a factor of two or more) if the live halo and bulge are substituted by a rigid halo/bulge potential; the pattern speeds remain almost the same. Normal mode analysis with different disk mass favors a young bar hypothesis, according to which the bar instability has saturated only recently.
Higher serum caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 levels during the first week of sepsis diagnosis in non-survivor patients
Authors: Lorente Leonardo , Martín María M. , Pérez-Cejas Antonia , López Raquel Ortiz , Ferreres José , Solé-Violán Jordi , Labarta Lorenzo , Díaz César , Palmero Salomé , Buitrago Manuel , Jiménez Alejandro , Borreguero-León Juan M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground:Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin (CCCK)-18 is a protein released into the blood during apoptosis. Higher circulating CCCK-18 concentrations have been found in non-survivor than in survivor septic patients at moment of sepsis diagnosis. The following questions arise now: (1) How are serum CCCK-18 levels during the first week of sepsis? (2) Is there an association between sepsis severity and mortality and serum CCCK-18 levels during the first week? The aims of this study were to answer these questions.Methods:Multicenter study with 321 severe septic patients from eight Spanish intensive care units. We determined serum concentration of CCCK-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-10 during the first week. Our end-point study was 30-day mortality.Results:Non-survivor (n=108) compared to survivor patients (n=213) showed higher serum CCCK-18 levels at days 1, 4 and 8 (p<0.001). ROC curve analyses showed that serum CCCK-18 levels at days 1 (AUC=0.77; 95% CI=0.72–0.82), 4 (AUC=0.81; 95% CI=0.76–0.85) and 8 (AUC=0.83; 95% CI=0.78–0.88) could predict mortality at 30 days (p<0.001). Logistic regression analyses showed that serum CCCK-18 levels at days 1 (OR=4.367; 95% CI=2.491–7.659), 4 (OR=10.137; 95% CI=4.741–21.678) and 8 (OR=8.781; 95% CI=3.626–21.268) were associated with 30-day mortality (p<0.001). We found a positive correlation between CCCK-18, SOFA, and lactic acid at days 1, 4 and 8.Conclusions:Non-survivor septic patients showed persistently during the first week higher serum CCCK-18 levels than survivor patients, and there is an association between sepsis severity and mortality and serum CCCK-18 levels during the first week.
Policy Implementation: Lessons from the Chilean Policy on Public Management Modernization
Authors: Olavarria-Gambi Mauricio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper analyses the implementation of public management modernization policy between 1990 and 2013, applying the taxonomy by Hasenfeld and Brock (1991). Information analysed in this study comes from 67 interviews with actors who have played key roles in the implementation of modernization initiatives, as well as from official documents, and academic literature. The findings of the study suggest that taxonomy is useful in characterizing the organizational and inter-organizational behavioural patterns that influence policy implementation;also, that the prevalent driving forces help to understand the dynamic of implementation and what capacities, abilities and strategies are required to put into practice a concrete public policy, which appear to be linked to the context in which implementation takes place.
Morphological Characterization and a Morphometry Map for Varroa Mites from Northwest of Egypt
Authors: Abou-Shaara H.F. , Tabikha R.M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractVarroa mite,Varroa destructor, is the most destructive factor to western honey bee colonies worldwide. In 1904, Varroa was firstly recorded on honey bees, at the beginning it was hypothesized that Varroa is one species but recently this hypothesis has been considered to be incorrect. In 1983, Varroa mite was recorded in Egypt for first time. So far, a single study was done in Egypt to confirm Varroa species to beV. destructorand notVarroa jacobsonias it was previously thought. Still the exact haplotype of Varroa in Egypt is unknown. This study is a step towards the identification of Varroa in Egypt. Here, morphological investigations were performed on Varroa specimens belong to northwest Egypt (El-Behera governorate). Three characteristics only showed significant differences among districts, namely body width, genital shield width, and genital shield length/genital shield width (ratio II), while the rest of characteristics did not present any significant differences. The correlations among the characteristics were very weak, except body length which correlated significantly (P<0.05) with body width and genital shield width by 0.52 and 0.42, in respect. The study presented additional confirmation thatV. destructoris the current species infesting honey bee colonies in Egypt. Also, Varroa haplotype was identified to be the Korean one. A list of some morphological traits of Varroa mite was provided to enable further comparisons. A morphometry map for Varroa mites was also done using a geographical information system (GIS) to correlate between geographical locations and morphological characteristics. The morphometry map clearly classified studied districts, according to measured characteristics, into three classes as low, moderate and high. This study has a significant importance towards the fully understanding of Varroa populations in Egypt.
Transnational media representations and cultural convergence – An empirical study of cultural deterritorialization
Authors: Schlütz Daniela , Emde-Lachmund Katharina , Schneider Beate , Glanzner Bettina 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper suggests a mediated model of cultural deterritorialization. It conceptualizes the relation between intercultural capital, perceived cultural proximity and exposure to transcultural media representations. Intercultural capital refers to knowledge about, and familiarity with other cultures. Perceived cultural proximity describes the individually varying perception of other (territorialized) cultures as close to one’s own culture. This perception of closeness results from identification with this other culture. The concept is to be distinguished from Straubhaar’s notion of cultural proximity designating a culturally bound individual’s tendency to prefer media content that is closer to his or her own cultural identity (Straubhaar, 1991, 2003, 2007, 2008). To test the proposed model we conducted an empirical study with 962 German respondents. We found empirical support for a relation between intercultural capital and perceived cultural proximity that was mediated by exposure to transnational media representations.
A Modified Double Multiple Nonlinear Regression Constitutive Equation for Modeling and Prediction of High Temperature Flow Behavior of BFe10-1-2 Alloy
Authors: Cai Jun , Wang Kuaishe , Shi Jiamin , Wang Wen , Liu Yingying 
Published: March 2017

AbstractConstitutive analysis for hot working of BFe10-1-2 alloy was carried out by using experimental stress–strain data from isothermal hot compression tests, in a wide range of temperature of 1,023~1,273 K, and strain rate range of 0.001~10 s–1. A constitutive equation based on modified double multiple nonlinear regression was proposed considering the independent effects of strain, strain rate, temperature and their interrelation. The predicted flow stress data calculated from the developed equation was compared with the experimental data. Correlation coefficient (R), average absolute relative error (AARE) and relative errors were introduced to verify the validity of the developed constitutive equation. Subsequently, a comparative study was made on the capability of strain-compensated Arrhenius-type constitutive model. The results showed that the developed constitutive equation based on modified double multiple nonlinear regression could predict flow stress of BFe10-1-2 alloy with good correlation and generalization.
Hydrodynamic Study of a Gas–liquid–solid Bubble Column Employing CFD–BPBM Method
Authors: Li Weiling , Zhao Chuanwen , Lu Ping 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe computational fluid dynamics – bubble population balance model (CFD–BPBM) was employed to predict the hydrodynamic characteristics of a gas–liquid–solid bubble column. A 3D time dependent numerical study was performed and the bubble size distributions at the conditions of different superficial gas velocity (0.089 m/s–0.22 m/s), solid volume fraction (0.03–0.30) and particle density (2500 kg/m3–4800 kg/m3) in the three–phase system were investigated, and the simulation results were compared with the experimental results. The bubble diameters ranging from 1 mm to 64 mm were divided into ten classes. The predicted pressure changing with the bed height had a good agreemeet with the experimental result. The bubble number density predicted decreased when the bubble size increased at each superficial gas velocity, and the bubble coalescence rate became greater than the breakup rate when Ugshifted from 0.089 m/s to 0.16 m/s. The bubble interaction was similar at 0.16 m/s and 0.22 m/s both at particle size dp= 75 μm and 150 μm. The bubble size corresponding to the maximum of the bubble volume fraction increased as Ugincreased. The particles can make the bubble break up and coalesce simultaneously when the solid volume fraction was larger than 0.20, and therefore the particles had a contribution to both of the bubble coalescence and breakup in the bubble coalescence regime (Ug= 0.16 m/s). The effect of the particle density was similar with that of the solid volume fraction. Increasing the particle density can enhance the breakup rate of the large bubbles.
Optical Approach for Measuring Oxygen Mass Transfer in Stirred Tank Bioreactors
Authors: Martínez-Corona Jorge Isaac , Cisneros-Garza Rubén Rogelio , Robledo-Padilla Felipe , Parra-Saldívar Roberto , Treviño-Martínez Andrés Sebastián , Alvarez Alejandro J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Bioreactor engineering allows modeling the conditions of real life biological processes. Particularly, oxygen represents one of the most important factors for life, and the understanding and control of its mass transfer in bioreactors is one of the most challenging problems in the industry. The aim of this study was to develop an optical approach for measuring the oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa). An assembly was constructed for this purpose, consisting of a stirred tank bioreactor, a high-intensity light source, a luminometer and a digital camera. Air flux supply and stirring velocity of the bioreactor were tested over a range of thirty-five values. The air bubbles generated were counted and their diameters were measured from photographs. The luminometer measured light obstruction due to bubbles. A polarography electrode sensor measured the dissolved oxygen in water to correlate it with the optical approach. The results showed a close correlation between kLa and light obstructed due to bubbles of air. The bubble diameter and holdup results suggest that the size of the bubbles decreases and becomes more homogeneous as stirring speed increases. A multivariable linear model for kLa as a function of the measured light obstruction and air flux injection was constructed. A strong correlation between this model and results was obtained. This approach avoids the need for chemical sensors for sensing systems, with a noninvasive and nondestructive methodology to determine the kLa for dilute solutions. This technique could be developed to evaluate a scaled-up bioreactor before running a bioprocess.
Microwave-Driven Sugar Beet Pulp Liquefaction in Polyhydric Alcohols
Authors: Zheng Zhao-Qi , Liu Yi , Li Dong , Wang Li‐jun , Adhikari Benu , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Liquefaction of sugar beet pulp (SBP) was carried out using microwave irradiation as the heating source, ethylene glycol/glycerol at a ratio of 80/20 (w/w) as the liquefaction solvent and sulfuric acid as the catalyst at 160 °C. The effects of different liquefaction conditions, including two particle size ranges of SBP, liquefying solvent-to-SBP solids (LS/S) ratio and reaction time on the liquefaction yield, viscosity of the liquefaction products, chemical characteristics and morphology of residues were studied using viscometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The efficiency of liquefaction of SBP was found to depend on its particle size of SBP raw material and the LS/S ratio. The smaller SBP particles improved liquefaction efficiency and reduced the amount of solvent required. The crystallinity index of liquefaction residues indicated that crystalline cellulose was no longer the rate limiting factor of liquefaction process when the particle size of SBP was small (75–177 μm). A rugged and deformed surface of the liquefaction residue (observed through SEM) indicated that severe damage in the native fiber structure occurred during the liquefaction.
Microwave Drying Characteristics of Soybeans in Single and Variable Microwave Power Density
Authors: Wang Ruifang , Zhang Lijuan , Lei Kun , Xu Qing , Tian Wei , Li Zhanyong 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Drying characteristics of soybeans under different microwave (MW) processing schemes were studied in regard to energy aspects. For drying in a single microwave power density, the experiments were carried out at a constant MW output power throughout the process. It was found that the drying rate is enhanced together with reduced energy consumption at higher single power density, but the soybean cracking ratio is increased gradually from 2 % to 40 % when the power density was changed from 0.2 W/g to 0.8 W/g. Efforts were made to reach a compromise between the drying rate and dried soybean quality by varying the MW power density in several steps overall the drying process, but soybean cracking occurred at a higher ratio due to the fluctuation of drying rate. Microwave drying of soybeans under the power density less than 0.2 W/g with slow and stable drying rate can achieve the soybean cracking ratio controlled within 5 % and lower energy consumption.