bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layer by layer assembly of antibacterial inclusion complexes
Authors: Ugur Sule , Sarıışık Merih , Türkoğlu Gizem , Erkan Gökhan , Erden Emre 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to create a textile material which shows antibacterial activity with resistance to environmental conditions by using volatile active agent inclusion complex and self-assembly method.

Design/methodology/approach
– An inclusion complex of carvacrol and β-CD is generated by kneading method and deposited on the cotton fabrics by using a nanofabrication method named as layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition method. Three different concentration of CD and CD:Car aqueous solutions were deposited on cotton fabrics. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), antimicrobial efficacy test of fabrics against washing and some physical tests (water vapor permeability, air permeability) were performed on the fabrics before and after the treatment with CD to evaluate the effect of the LbL process on cotton fabric properties.

Findings
– The results showed that the coated fabrics with CD/CD:Car multilayer films enhanced the antimicrobial efficacy of cotton fabrics against to Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococus aureus bacteria. Air and water vapor permeability properties of the cotton fabric effected after the LbL deposition process sure enough. With SEM and FTIR-ATR analysis the CD:Car complex presence were verified. The durability of antibacterial properties were analyzed after one and ten washing (40°C and 30 min) cycles.

Originality/value
– This work provides a novel and simple method for CD and inclusion complex of carvacrol film deposition by self-assembly method on cotton fabrics and their application onto cotton fabrics to gain antibacterial property.
Emotional experiences in simulated classroom training environments
Authors: Stavroulia Kalliopi Evangelia , Makri-Botsari Evanthia , Psycharis Sarantos , Kekkeris Gerassimos 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– Over the years, game-based learning approaches have been adapted in teaching and learning both to engage and motivate students during learning activities. Game technology, such as serious and simulation games, have been used as a new generation of training educational tools enhancing students’ learning and academic performance. An important aspect in the evaluation of those methods is that it focusses particularly on cognitive learning outcomes, ignoring the significance of other processes including emotional aspects in game environments that also contribute significantly to learning, performance and motivation. The purpose of this paper is to present the empirical evidence of a research related to the emotional experiences of pre-service teachers, after the implementation of a simulated classroom environment during the semester.Design/methodology/approach– SimSchool classroom simulation was used for the training of pre-service teachers in classroom and for behavior management issues. The research took place at the Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH) and the School of Pedagogical and Technological Education (ASPETE), in Greece. This study aimed to gain insights related to the emotions that pre-service teachers experienced during the simulated activities.Findings– The results indicated that participants from DUTH experienced more negative and less positive emotions during the game including anxiety, nervousness, disappointment, insecurity, inability to deal with simSchool activities, defeat, dissatisfaction, fatigue, fear and stress. Moreover, the results revealed that ASPETE’s participants experienced more positive and less negative emotions during playing with the simulation, including excitement, motivation and satisfaction.Originality/value– The related research on the use of games in teacher training is still at its infancy, the current research aimed to address teacher training through a simulated classroom environment and investigate the emotional experiences of pre-service teachers during simulated activities.
A microsimulation model to measure the impact of the economic crisis on household income
Authors: Addabbo Tindara , García-Fernández Rosa María , Llorca-Rodríguez Carmen María , Maccagnan Anna 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The current economic crisis has significantly increased unemployment, showing higher persistence than expected. However, since microdata from household surveys are issued with delay, they do not allow a prompt analysis of the impact of the economic cycle on households’ living conditions. The purpose of this paper is to propose a microsimulation methodology to achieve an evaluation of the impact of economic shocks in terms of household’s living conditions to guide policy makers.Design/methodology/approach– The microsimulation technique developed in this paper is based on a nowcasting approach by using different sources of data and by taking into account a whole set of potential transitions across the different statuses of the labour market and the related changes in income. To validate this microsimulation method, the authors apply it to Italy, a country that has been deeply affected by the crisis.Findings– Data have been drawn from the European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions Survey for Italy (IT SILC) and from the Labour Force Survey for Italy. The latter data allow us to take into account the changes in the labour market status of individuals due to economic shocks. The validation results support the capability of the model to simulate the effect of the cycle before actual data on income are available.Social implications– The results obtained would encourage the use of the suggested methodology to anticipate the effect of the economic cycle on household’s income therefore enabling the design of effective policies to sustain household income with positive practical and social implications.Originality/value– Distinct from other microsimulation techniques the methodology proposed in this paper allows us to take into account behavioural effects and the change in the composition of employment and unemployment. Moreover, the authors contribute to the existing literature by considering a whole set of transitions across different labour market statuses and the related changes in income.
(Endogenous) occupational choices and job satisfaction among recent Spanish PhD recipients
Authors: Di Paolo Antonio 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse differences in overall job satisfaction and specific job domain satisfaction among PhDs employed in different sectors four years after completing their doctorate degrees. The author take job satisfaction as a comprehensive proxy of perceived job quality. The author draw on data from two successive cohorts of PhD graduates from public universities of Catalonia (Spain).Design/methodology/approach– First, the author estimate covariate-adjusted job satisfaction differentials for PhD holders employed in different employment sectors, namely: university, research institutes, public sector (government and public administration) and private sector. A stepwise inclusion of job-related covariates enables appreciating the underlying mechanisms that that generate the observed job satisfaction differentials across sectors. Second, the author take into account the endogenous sorting of PhDs into different sectors by jointly modelling sector choice and job satisfaction, where the former is assumed to follow a mixed multinomial logit model.Findings– The results indicate that PhD holders employed outside academic and research jobs are more satisfied with the pecuniary facets of their work, but significantly less satisfied with non-monetary aspects of job quality. The selectivity-corrected job satisfaction differentials highlight the importance of self-selection and confirm that PhD holders suffer a penalisation for working in non-academic occupations, thus revealing the existence of “academic rents”.Originality/value– This is the first paper that presents a systematic and consistent analysis of job satisfaction differentials among PhD holders that work in different types of occupations, taking into account that sector choice is an endogenous variable, potentially related to unobserved traits that affect job satisfaction. The results are rich of policy implications, which are especially relevant in the light of the existing debate regarding the excess of PhD in the labour market of several European Countries and their subsequent risk of underemployment.
Antecedents of attitudinal loyalty in a telecom service sector: the Nigerian case
Authors: Izogo Ernest Emeka 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– Although the benefits of customer loyalty are well researched and understood, a clear explication of how customer attitudinal loyalty evolves is lacking. Cultural discrepancies across contexts are also argued as restraining the search for universal and dominant antecedents of loyalty. As a result of the high collectivistic ranking of the Nigerian culture, the purpose of this paper is to explore the antecedents of attitudinal loyalty within the Nigerian telecom market.Design/methodology/approach– This study is based on survey data obtained from 138 informants who are experienced users of telecommunication services in Nigeria. The cross-sectional data were examined for internal consistency using Cronbachαinternal consistency measure whereas the proposed hypotheses were tested using a multiple regression technique after conducting series of validation tests to ensure that none of the assumptions of regression was violated.Findings– The results indicate that service reliability and customer commitment explains 65 per cent of the total variance in attitudinal loyalty. Additionally, customer commitment was established as a stronger predictor of attitudinal loyalty than service reliability.Research limitations/implications– This study is limited to the extent that it used a convenience sampling approach which may not have allowed for a fully matched profile of the respondents. But the satisfactory fit of the regression model allows for the research to be a basis of a reliable comparison for future studies. Additionally, due to the limited evidence on how attitudinal loyalty evolves in the telecommunication sector, the results that emerged from this research should only be compared cautiously to the findings of previous studies.Practical implications– For users of telecommunication services to become attitudinally loyal, telecom firms must get customers to become committed to their brands and also deliver reliable services. Consequently, capacity building investments that enable reliable services to be delivered and creative pricing structure and information sharing as well as promise fulfilment which attract customers’ commitment are therefore at the core of developing attitudinally loyal customers’ pool.Originality/value– Although studies on customer loyalty are not new, the fact that this paper examined how attitudinal loyalty evolves in a saturated telecommunication context with a high collectivistic cultural ranking makes it a significant contribution to customer loyalty research because of the concentration of most studies in the western markets, the likelihood of disparities across markets influencing the antecedents of the construct and the absence of such research in the Nigerian telecom setting.
Patients or perpetrators? The effects of trauma exposure on gang members’ mental health: a review of the literature
Authors: Beresford Hayley , Wood Jane L. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– Gangs have become a hot topic in recent years, particularly since 2011 when gang members became the poster child for “the worst bout of civil unrest in a generation”. Given the portrayal of gang members as “super predators,” it is maybe not surprising that much of the media and scholarly attention, to date, has focussed on gang members as perpetrators of violence — paying little attention to their role as victims and the impact this may have on their psychological wellbeing (Bennett et al., 1996). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and synthesize theory and research relating to the relationship between gang membership and mental health problems such as anxiety, depression and post traumatic stress disorder and considered how treating gang violence as a public health problem, rather than punishing it as a criminal justice problem has superior benefits in terms of rehabilitation and reduced recidivism.

Design/methodology/approach
– The scarcity of research on this topic meant that research from other subfields of psychology was be collated in order to build a clearer picture of the psychological consequences belonging to a gang can have.

Findings
– It is clear from this review that gang members’ involvement in violence (as victims and perpetrators) is likely to have a negative impact on their behavioral, social and psychological functioning.

Originality/value
– The authors suggest future directions should be aimed toward developing and honing a robust program of research capable of producing intelligence-led assessment and intervention.
Examining the moderating role of gang involvement on the context and impact of victimization
Authors: Kubik Joanna , Docherty Meagan , Boxer Paul , Veysey Bonita , Ostermann Michael 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– Research suggests that gang-involved youth are more likely than non-gang youth to experience victimization. However, very little research has addressed the issue of whether the relationship between gang involvement and victimization depends on the context in which victimization takes place. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of the relation between gang involvement and violent victimization in both street and school contexts.Design/methodology/approach– Data were provided by youth (n=421; ages 11-18; 70 percent male; 66 percent non-white) referred by the justice system for intensive home and community-based treatment of problem behavior. At intake, youth reported on their experiences of violent victimization, mental health status, problem behavior, and substance use. Youth and therapist reports were utilized to indicate gang involvement.Findings– Approximately 62 percent of gang-involved youth in the sample were victimized across both contexts. Linear and censored regression models found that on average, gang-involved youth experienced a greater frequency of victimization than non-gang youth (p < 0.001). Importantly, results also show that gang involvement amplifies the impact of victimization on key behavioral and mental health outcomes. Victimization in both street and school contexts increases the risk of serious problem behavior for gang-involved youth (p < 0.001). Victimization experiences in schools in particular also may increase alcohol use among gang-involved youth (p=0.006).Originality/value– These findings emanating from a unique sample of youth in treatment demonstrate the value of considering victimization in context for intervention programming.
CRASH and burn: abatement of a specialised gang unit
Authors: Valasik Matthew , Reid Shannon E. , Phillips Matthew D. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the temporary disbandment of a gang unit on collecting gang intelligence and arresting gang members in one of the Los Angeles Police Department’s Community Policing Areas.Design/methodology/approach– An interrupted time series methodology (ARIMA) is utilised to examine 1,429 field interview cards and 1,174 arrests of gang members that occurred from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2011 within one police division.Findings– Results indicated that the dismantling of the gang unit negatively impacted the collection of intelligence on gang members by officers, regardless of whether the officers were officially serving in the gang unit. Suppression efforts by gang unit officers also resulted in a sustained decline.Originality/value– Given that many urban centres have specialised gang units, this study demonstrates how organisational turnover or disbandment of a gang unit negatively impacts a department’s ability to deal with local gang issues. Furthermore, these finding suggest that police organisations should consider such ramifications on intelligence-based policing activities.
Orchidectomy attenuates high‐salt diet‐induced increases in blood pressure, renovascular resistance, and hind limb vascular dysfunction: role of testosterone
Authors: Oloyo Ahmed K , Sofola Olusoga A , Yakubu Momoh A 
Published: May 2016

SummarySex hormone‐dependent vascular reactivity is an underlying factor contributing to sex differences in salt‐dependent hypertension. This study evaluated the role of androgens (testosterone) in high salt‐induced increase in blood pressure (BP) and altered vascular reactivity in renal blood flow and perfused hind limb preparation. Weanling male rats (8 weeks old, 180–200 g) were bilaterally orchidectomised or sham operated with or without testosterone replacement (Sustanon 250, 10 mg/kg intramuscularly once in 3 weeks) and placed on a normal (0.3%) or high (4.0%) NaCl diet for 6 weeks. The high‐salt diet (HSD) increased arterial BP, renal vascular resistance (RVR) and positive fluid balance (FB). These changes were accompanied by decreased plasma nitric oxide levels. The increased BP, RVR and FB observed in the rats fed a HSD were reversed by orchidectomy while testosterone replacement prevented the reversal. Phenylephrine (PE)‐induced increased vascular resistance in the perfused hind limb vascular bed was enhanced by HSD, the enhanced vascular resistance was prevented by orchidectomy and testosterone replacement reversed orchidectomy effect. Vasorelaxation responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were impaired in HSD groups, orchidectomy attenuated the impairment, while testosterone replacement prevented the orchidectomy attenuation. These data suggested that eNOS‐dependent and independently‐mediated pathways were equally affected by HSD in vascular function impairment and this effect is testosterone‐dependent in male Sprague‐Dawley rats.
Methanogenic paraffin degradation proceeds via alkane addition to fumarate by ‘Smithella’ spp. mediated by a syntrophic coupling with hydrogenotrophic methanogens
Authors: Wawrik Boris , Marks Christopher R. , Davidova Irene A. , McInerney Michael J. , Pruitt Shane , Duncan Kathleen E. , Suflita Joseph M. , Callaghan Amy V. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAnaerobic microbial biodegradation of recalcitrant, water‐insoluble substrates, such as paraffins, presents unique metabolic challenges. To elucidate this process, a methanogenic consortium capable of mineralizing long‐chain n‐paraffins (C28‐C50) was enriched from San Diego Bay sediment. Analysis of 16S rRNA genes indicated the dominance of Syntrophobacterales (43%) and Methanomicrobiales (26%). Metagenomic sequencing allowed draft genome assembly of dominant uncultivated community members belonging to the bacterial genus Smithella and the archaeal genera Methanoculleus and Methanosaeta. Five contigs encoding homologs of the catalytic subunit of alkylsuccinate synthase (assA) were detected. Additionally, mRNA transcripts for these genes, including a homolog binned within the ‘Smithella’ sp. SDB genome scaffold, were detected via RT‐PCR, implying that paraffins are activated via ‘fumarate addition’. Metabolic reconstruction and comparison with genome scaffolds of uncultivated n‐alkane degrading ‘Smithella’ spp. are consistent with the hypothesis that syntrophically growing ‘Smithella’ spp. may achieve reverse electron transfer by coupling the reoxidation of ETFred to a membrane‐bound FeS oxidoreductase functioning as an ETF:menaquinone oxidoreductase. Subsequent electron transfer could proceed via a periplasmic formate dehydrogenase and/or hydrogenase, allowing energetic coupling to hydrogenotrophic methanogens such as Methanoculleus. Ultimately, these data provide fundamental insight into the energy conservation mechanisms that dictate interspecies interactions salient to methanogenic alkane mineralization.
Major cereal crops benefit from biological nitrogen fixation when inoculated with the nitrogen‐fixing bacterium Pseudomonas protegens Pf‐5 X940
Authors: Fox Ana Romina , Soto Gabriela , Valverde Claudio , Russo Daniela , Lagares Antonio , Zorreguieta Ángeles , Alleva Karina , Pascuan Cecilia , Frare Romina , Mercado‐Blanco Jesús , Dixon Ray , Ayub Nicolás Daniel 
Published: May 2016

SummaryA main goal of biological nitrogen fixation research has been to expand the nitrogen‐fixing ability to major cereal crops. In this work, we demonstrate the use of the efficient nitrogen‐fixing rhizobacterium Pseudomonas protegens Pf‐5 X940 as a chassis to engineer the transfer of nitrogen fixed by BNF to maize and wheat under non‐gnotobiotic conditions. Inoculation of maize and wheat with Pf‐5 X940 largely improved nitrogen content and biomass accumulation in both vegetative and reproductive tissues, and this beneficial effect was positively associated with high nitrogen fixation rates in roots. 15N isotope dilution analysis showed that maize and wheat plants obtained substantial amounts of fixed nitrogen from the atmosphere. Pf‐5 X940‐GFP‐tagged cells were always reisolated from the maize and wheat root surface but never from the inner root tissues. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed root surface colonization of Pf‐5 X940‐GFP in wheat plants, and microcolonies were mostly visualized at the junctions between epidermal root cells. Genetic analysis using biofilm formation‐related Pseudomonas mutants confirmed the relevance of bacterial root adhesion in the increase in nitrogen content, biomass accumulation and nitrogen fixation rates in wheat roots. To our knowledge, this is the first report of robust BNF in major cereal crops.
Hospital Surgical Volumes and Mortality after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Using International Comparisons to Determine a Safe Threshold
Authors: Gutacker Nils , Bloor Karen , Cookson Richard , Gale Chris P. , Maynard Alan , Pagano Domenico , Pomar José , Bernal‐Delgado Enrique ,   as part of the ECHO collaboration
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo estimate a safe minimum hospital volume for hospitals performing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.Data SourceHospital data on all publicly funded CABG in five European countries, 2007–2009 (106,149 patients).DesignHierarchical logistic regression models to estimate the relationship between hospital volume and mortality, allowing for case mix. Segmented regression analysis to estimate a threshold.FindingsThe 30‐day in‐hospital mortality rate was 3.0 percent overall, 5.2 percent (95 percent CI: 4.0–6.4) in low‐volume hospitals, and 2.1 percent (95 percent CI: 1.8–2.3) in high‐volume hospitals. There is a significant curvilinear relationship between volume and mortality, flatter above 415 cases per hospital per year.ConclusionsThere is a clear relationship between hospital CABG volume and mortality in Europe, implying a “safe” threshold volume of 415 cases per year.