bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Formation of Black Phosphorus Intercalation Compounds with Alkali Metals
Authors: Abellán Gonzalo , Neiss Christian , Lloret Vicent , Wild Stefan , Chacón‐Torres Julio C. , Werbach Katharina , Fedi Filippo , Shiozawa Hidetsugu , Görling Andreas , Peterlik Herwig , Pichler Thomas , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBlack phosphorus intercalation compounds (BPICs) with alkali metals (namely: K and Na) have been synthesized in bulk by solid‐state as well as vapor‐phase reactions. By means of a combination of in situ X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and DFT calculations the structural behavior of the BPICs at different intercalation stages has been demonstrated for the first time. Our results provide a glimpse into the very first steps of a new family of intercalation compounds, with a distinct behavior as compared to its graphite analogues (GICs), showing a remarkable structural complexity and a dynamic behavior.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Dearomatization by a Desymmetrization Strategy
Authors: Wang Ye , Zheng Chao , You Shu‐Li 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA desymmetrization strategy was developed involving iridium‐catalyzed allylic dearomatization of indoles. The six‐membered‐ring spiroindolenines contain three contiguous stereogenic centers, including an all‐carbon quaternary center, and were obtained in up to 99 % yield with 99 % ee and >95:5 d.r. When treated with a catalytic amount of tosylic acid, six‐membered spiroindolenine undergoes an unprecedented six‐to‐seven‐membered ring expansion, affording the corresponding hexahydroazepino[4,5‐b]indole.
A Low‐Cost Neutral Zinc–Iron Flow Battery with High Energy Density for Stationary Energy Storage
Authors: Xie Congxin , Duan Yinqi , Xu Wenbin , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFlow batteries (FBs) are one of the most promising stationary energy‐storage devices for storing renewable energy. However, commercial progress of FBs is limited by their high cost and low energy density. A neutral zinc–iron FB with very low cost and high energy density is presented. By using highly soluble FeCl2/ZnBr2 species, a charge energy density of 56.30 Wh L−1 can be achieved. DFT calculations demonstrated that glycine can combine with iron to suppress hydrolysis and crossover of Fe3+/Fe2+. The results indicated that an energy efficiency of 86.66 % can be obtained at 40 mA cm−2 and the battery can run stably for more than 100 cycles. Furthermore, a low‐cost porous membrane was employed to lower the capital cost to less than $ 50 per kWh, which was the lowest value that has ever been reported. Combining the features of low cost, high energy density and high energy efficiency, the neutral zinc–iron FB is a promising candidate for stationary energy‐storage applications.
Elucidating the Excited State of Mechanoluminescence in Organic Luminogens with Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Yang Jie , Gao Xuming , Xie Zongliang , Gong Yanbin , Fang Manman , Peng Qian , Chi Zhenguo , Li Zhen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTwo stable, purely organic luminogens exhibit both mechano‐ (ML) and photoluminescence (PL) with dual fluorescence–phosphorescence emissions at room temperature. Careful analysis of the crystal structures, coupled with theoretical calculations, demonstrate that room‐temperature phosphorescence and ML properties are strongly related to molecular packing. In particular, the formation and fracture of molecular dimers with intermolecular charge‐transfer properties has a significant effect on intersystem crossing, as well as excited triplet state emissions, in both PL and ML processes.
Sorting of C4 Olefins with Interpenetrated Hybrid Ultramicroporous Materials by Combining Molecular Recognition and Size‐Sieving
Authors: Zhang Zhaoqiang , Yang Qiwei , Cui Xili , Yang Lifeng , Bao Zongbi , Ren Qilong , Xing Huabin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractC4 olefin separations present one of the great challenges in hydrocarbon purifications owing to their similar structures, thus a single separation mechanism often met with limited success. Herein we report a series of anion‐pillared interpenetrated copper coordination for which the cavity and functional site disposition can be varied in 0.2 Å scale increments by altering the anion pillars and organic linkers (GeFSIX‐2‐Cu‐i (ZU‐32), NbFSIX‐2‐Cu‐i (ZU‐52), GeFSIX‐14‐Cu‐i (ZU‐33)), which enable selective recognition of different C4 olefins. In these materials the rotation of the organic linkers is controlled to create a contracted flexible pore window that enables the size‐exclusion of specific C4 olefins, while still adsorbing significant amounts of 1,3‐butadiene (C4H6) or 1‐butene (n‐C4H8). Combining the molecular recognition and size‐sieving effect, these materials unexpectedly realized the sieving of C4H6/n‐C4H8, C4H6/iso‐C4H8, and n‐C4H8/iso‐C4H8 with high capacity.
Oxidative P−P Bond Addition to Cobalt(−I): Formation of a Low‐Spin Cobalt(III) Phosphanido Complex
Authors: Coburger Peter , Demeshko Serhiy , Rödl Christian , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie , Wolf Robert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe first homoleptic cobalt phosphanido complex [K(thf)4][Co{1,2‐(PtBu2)2C2B10H12}2] (1) was prepared by an unprecedented oxidative P−P bond addition of an ortho‐carborane‐substituted 1,2‐diphosphetane to cobalt(−I) in [K(thf)0.2][Co(η4‐cod)2)] (cod=1,5‐cycloctadiene). Compound 1 is a rare distorted tetrahedral 3d6 complex with a low‐spin ground state configuration. Magnetic measurements revealed that the complex is diamagnetic between 2 to 270 K in the solid state and at 298 K in [D8]THF solution. Based on DFT calculations, the unusual singlet ground state is caused by the strong σ‐donor and moderate π‐donor properties of the bis(phosphanido) ligand.
Thermal, mechanical, and shape‐memory properties of nanorubber‐toughened, epoxy‐based shape‐memory nanocomposites
Authors: Wei Hong‐Qiu , Chen Ye , Zhang Tao , Liu Liwu , Qiao Jinliang , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTEpoxy‐based shape‐memory polymers (ESMPs) are a type of the most promising engineering smart polymers. However, their inherent brittleness limits their applications. Existing modification approaches are either based on complicated chemical reactions or done at the cost of the thermal properties of the ESMPs. In this study, a simple approach was used to fabricate ESMPs with the aim of improving their overall properties by introducing crosslinked carboxylic nitrile–butadiene nanorubber (CNBNR) into the ESMP network. The results show that the toughness of the CNBNR–ESMP nanocomposites greatly improved at both room temperature and the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) over that of the pure ESMP. Meanwhile, the increase in the toughness did not negatively affect other macroscopic properties. The CNBNR–ESMP nanocomposites presented improved thermal properties with a Tg in a stable range around 100 °C, enhanced thermal stabilities, and superior shape‐memory performance in terms of the shape‐fixing ratio, shape‐recovery ratio, shape‐recovery time, and repeatability of shape‐memory cycles. The combined property improvements and the simplicity of the manufacturing process demonstrated that the CNBNR–ESMP nanocomposites are desirable candidates for large‐scale applications in the engineering field as smart structural materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45780.
Structure and Function in the Lunge Feeding Apparatus: Mechanical Properties of the Fin Whale Mandible
Authors: Shadwick Robert E. , Goldbogen Jeremy A. , Pyenson Nicholas D. , Whale James C.A. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe mandibles of rorqual whales are highly modified to support loads associated with lunge‐feeding, a dynamic filter feeding mechanism that is characterized by rapid changes in gape angle and acceleration. Although these structures are the largest ossified elements in animals and an important part of the rorqual engulfment apparatus, details of internal structure are limited and no direct measurements of mechanical properties exist. Likewise, the forces that are sustained by the mandibles are unknown. Here we report on the structure and mechanical behavior of the mandible of an adult fin whale. A series of transverse sections were cut at locations along the entire length of a 3.6‐m left mandible recovered post‐mortem from a 16‐m fin whale, and CT scanned to make density maps. Cored samples 6–8 mm in diameter were tested in compression to determine the Young's modulus and strength. In addition, wet density, dry density and mineral density were measured. Dense cortical bone occupies only a relatively narrow peripheral layer while much less dense and oil‐filled trabecular bone occupies the rest. Mineral density of both types is strongly correlated with dry density and CT Hounsfield units. Compressive strength is strongly correlated with Young's modulus, while strength and stiffness are both correlated with mineral density. It appears that the superficial compact layer is the main load bearing element, and that the mandible is reinforced against dorso‐vental flexion that would occur during the peak loads while feeding. Anat Rec, 300:1953–1962, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative Three‐Dimensional Morphology of Baleen: Cross‐Sectional Profiles and Volume Measurements Using CT Images
Authors: Jensen Megan M. , Saladrigas Amalia H. , Goldbogen Jeremy A. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTBaleen whales are obligate filter feeders, straining prey‐laden seawater through racks of keratinized baleen plates. Despite the importance of baleen to the ecology and natural history of these animals, relatively little work has been done on baleen morphology, particularly with regard to the three‐dimensional morphology and structure of baleen. We used computed tomography (CT) scanning to take 3D images of six baleen specimens representing five species, including three complete racks. With these images, we described the three‐dimensional shape of the baleen plates using cross‐sectional profiles from within the gum tissue to the tip of the plates. We also measured the percentage of each specimen that was composed of either keratinized plate material or was void space between baleen plates, and thus available for seawater flow. Baleen plates have a complex three‐dimensional structure with curvature that varies across the anterior‐posterior, proximal‐distal, and medial‐lateral (lingual‐labial) axes. These curvatures also vary with location along the baleen rack, and between species. Cross‐sectional profiles resemble backwards‐facing airfoils, and some specimens display S‐shaped, or reflexed, camber. Within a baleen specimen, the intra‐baleen void volume correlates with the average bristle diameter for a species, suggesting that essentially, thinner plates (with more space between them for flow) have thinner bristles. Both plate curvature and the relative proportions of plate and void volumes are likely to have implications for the mechanics of mysticete filtration, and future studies are needed to determine the particular functions of these morphological characters. Anat Rec, 300:1942–1952, 2017. © 2017 The Authors The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists
A “Welcoming” Introduction to a Canadian Northwest Coast Thematic Papers Issue
Authors: Vogl Wayne 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIn this commentary, I provide an introduction to and the context for the four articles in the thematic series published to celebrate the Editorial Board Meeting of the Anatomical Record in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in July of 2017. The articles describe various aspects of whale anatomy and the potential for a new generation of digital tags to provide information on functional anatomy of free swimming animals in the wild. The whales described are all native to the northwest coast of North America, as well as being found elsewhere, and the authors are related in some way to the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. Anat Rec, 300:1930–1934, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Untersuchung des Bemessungsansatzes der VDI 2719 für den Schallschutz von Fenstern unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Außenlärmspektren des Bahn‐ und Fluglärms
Authors: Kübler Bernhard , Leupoldt Patrick 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung des Bemessungsansatzes der VDI‐Richtlinie VDI 2719:1987‐08 für den Schallschutz von Fenstern unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Außenlärmpegelspektren des Bahn‐ und Fluglärms. Das Leitmotiv stellt die Problematik der heute in der Praxis festgestellten Fehlbemessung des Schallschutzes bei Verwendung der in VDI 2719 enthaltenen Korrektursummanden dar. Der Ansatz zur Verwendung verschiedener Korrektursummanden in VDI 2719:1987‐08 basiert auf einer 1985 vom Umweltbundesamt in Auftrag gegebenen Forschungsarbeit von Moll und Szabunia. Die K‐Summanden berücksichtigen sowohl die Frequenzabhängigkeit der Fenster‐Schalldämmung als auch der Spektren des Außenlärms, welche sich beide im Laufe der Zeit verändert haben. Mit dieser Arbeit soll eine Basis geschaffen werden, auf der – anhand heute typischer Konstruktionen und Außenlärmsituationen – die erforderliche Schalldämmung der Fenster ohne erhebliche Über‐ oder Unterbemessung des Schallschutzes ermittelt werden kann.
Einfluss des Beschichtungsmaterials auf das Zugtragverhalten von Carbonbeton
Authors: Niederwald Michael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchungen zum Einfluss des Beschichtungsmaterials von textilen Bewehrungen auf das Zugtragverhalten von Carbonbeton beschrieben. Zunächst werden die notwendigen Grundlagen für eine im Anschluss erläuterte Versuchstechnik aus dem Bereich der Luft‐ und Raumfahrttechnik, die als Dynamisch‐Mechanische Analyse (DMA) bezeichnet wird, behandelt. Die DMA dient dazu, das temperatur‐ und frequenzabhängige Materialverhalten textiler Carbonbewehrungen zu erforschen. Die so gewonnenen Versuchsdaten werden verwendet, um Materialparameter für eine Modellierung des mechanischen Verhaltens der Bewehrung im Rahmen der linearen Viskoelastizitätstheorie zu ermitteln. Schließlich werden die Ergebnisse aus Zugversuchen an bewehrten Dehnkörpern unter verschiedenen Belastungsgeschwindigkeiten vorgestellt und mit theoretischen Betrachtungen zum Zugspannungs‐Dehnungs‐Verhalten des Bewehrungsmaterials verglichen.
Haus in Berg am Starnberger See
Authors: di Simone Uta , Heyder Jens , Braml Thomas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDurch die zwischen Zusammenarbeit von Architekt und Bauherr ist auf einem Grundstück mit leichter Hanglage am Starnberger See ist ein wahres Prachtstück eines Hauses mit Flachdach und zwei Stockwerken entstanden, wovon eines im Erdboden „versteckt“ ist. Das gesamte Haus besteht aus Sichtbeton. Die Fassade wurde aus Fertigteilen erstellt, sämtliche Innenwände und Decken aus Ortbeton. Raumhohe Fensterflächen befriedigen das Bedürfnis, das Äußere nach innen zu holen. An die Tragwerksplanung stellte der Entwurf hohe Anforderungen in Hinblick auf die Ausarbeitung der Details. So wurden die rahmenlosen Fensterscheiben in die Decken und Wände integriert. Zudem stellte das Konzept der Sichtbetonflächen hohe Anforderungen an die Grenzzustände der Gebrauchstauglichkeit im Stahlbetonbau und auch im Hinblick auf die Ausführung einer WU‐Wanne im Untergeschoss.
Medulloblastoma in children and adolescents: a systematic review of contemporary phase I and II clinical trials and biology update
Authors: Bautista Francisco , Fioravantti Victoria , de Rojas Teresa , Carceller Fernando , Madero Luis , Lassaletta Alvaro , Moreno Lucas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSurvival rates for patients with medulloblastoma have improved in the last decades but for those who relapse outcome is dismal and new approaches are needed. Emerging drugs have been tested in the last two decades within the context of phase I/II trials. In parallel, advances in genetic profiling have permitted to identify key molecular alterations for which new strategies are being developed. We performed a systematic review focused on the design and outcome of early‐phase trials evaluating new agents in patients with relapsed medulloblastoma. PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, and references from selected studies were screened to identify phase I/II studies with reported results between 2000 and 2015 including patients with medulloblastoma aged <18 years. A total of 718 studies were reviewed and 78 satisfied eligibility criteria. Of those, 69% were phase I; 31% phase II. Half evaluated conventional chemotherapeutics and 35% targeted agents. Overall, 662 patients with medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors were included. The study designs and the response assessments were heterogeneous, limiting the comparisons among trials and the correct identification of active drugs. Median (range) objective response rate (ORR) for patients with medulloblastoma in phase I/II studies was 0% (0–100) and 6.5% (0–50), respectively. Temozolomide containing regimens had a median ORR of 16.5% (0–100). Smoothened inhibitors trials had a median ORR of 8% (3–8). Novel drugs have shown limited activity against relapsed medulloblastoma. Temozolomide might serve as backbone for new combinations. Novel and more homogenous trial designs might facilitate the development of new drugs.
Racial disparities in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors survival: a SEER study
Authors: Zhou Huaqiang , Zhang Yuanzhe , Wei Xiaoyue , Yang Kaibin , Tan Wulin , Qiu Zeting , Li Si , Chen Qinchang , Song Yiyan , Gao Shaowei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pancreatic NETs), is an important cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. No study has rigorously explored the impact of ethnicity on pancreatic NETs. We aimed to demonstrate the relationship between ethnicity and the survival of patients with pancreatic NETs. We used the SEER database to identify patients with pancreatic NETs from 2004 to 2013. Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the impact of race on survival in pancreatic NETs patients. A total of 3850 patients were included: 3357 Non‐Blacks, 493 Blacks. We stratified races as “Black” and “White/Other.” Blacks were more likely to be diagnosed with later stages of tumors (P = 0.021). As for the treatment, the access to surgery seemed to be more limited in Blacks than non‐Black patients (P = 0.012). Compared with non‐Black patients, Black patients have worse overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.00–1.37, P = 0.046) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors specific survival (PNSS) (HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01–1.48, P = 0.044). Multivariate Cox analysis identified that disease extension at the time of diagnosis and surgical status contributed to the ethnical survival disparity. Black patients whose stages at diagnosis were localized had significantly worse OS (HR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.18–3.71, P = 0.011) and PNSS (HR = 3.79, 95% CI: 1.62–8.82, P = 0.002). As for the patients who did not receive surgery, Blacks also have a worse OS (HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.00–1.41, P = 0.045). The Black patients had both worse OS and PNSS compared to non‐Black patients. The restricted utilization of surgery, and the advanced disease extension at the time of diagnosis are the possible contributors to poorer survival of Blacks with pancreatic NETs.
Intermediate filaments and cellular mechanics
Authors: Goldmann Wolfgang H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntermediate filaments (IFs) are one of the three types of cytoskeletal polymers that resist tensile and compressive forces in cells. They crosslink each other as well as with actin filaments and microtubules by proteins, which include desmin, filamin C, plectin, and lamin (A/C). Mutations in these proteins can lead to a wide range of pathologies, some of which exhibit mechanical failure of the skin, skeletal, or heart muscle.
GPR120 is not required for ω‐3 PUFAs‐induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in breast cancer cells
Authors: Zhu Shenglong , Jiang Xiaowei , Jiang Siyuan , Lin Guangxiao , Gong Jianping , Chen Wei , He Zhao , Chen Yong Q 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntake of ω‐3 PUFAs reduces the frequency of breast cancer, and GPR120 receptor transduces ω‐3 PUFAs signaling to increase insulin sensitivity in mice, but whether GPR120 mediates ω‐3 PUFAs signaling to inhibit breast carcinogenesis is currently unknown. In the present study, we found that GPR120 is highly expressed in human breast cancerous tissues but not adjacent normal tissue. Knockdown of GPR120 by siRNA in breast cancer cells significantly reduced cell growth, and dramatically increased ω‐3 FFA‐induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Thus, these observations indicated that GPR120 promotes breast cancer cell growth, whereas ω‐3 PUFA‐induce breast cancer cell apoptosis independently of GPR120.
Enantioselective Brønsted Acid Catalysis as a Tool for the Synthesis of Natural Products and Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Merad Jérémy , Lalli Claudia , Bernadat Guillaume , Maury Julien , Masson Géraldine 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSynthesis of biologically active molecules (whether at laboratory or industrial scale) remains a highly appealing area of modern organic chemistry. Nowadays, the need to access original bioactive scaffolds goes together with the desire to improve synthetic efficiency, while reducing the environmental footprint of chemical activities. Long neglected in the field of total synthesis, enantioselective organocatalysis has recently emerged as an environmentally friendly and indispensable tool for the construction of relevant bioactive molecules. Notably, enantioselective Brønsted acid catalysis has offered new opportunities in terms of both retrosynthetic disconnections and controlling stereoselectivity. The present report attempts to provide an overview of enantioselective total or formal syntheses designed around Brønsted acid‐catalyzed transformations. To demonstrate the versatility of the reactions promoted and the diversity of the accessible motifs, this Minireview draws a systematic parallel between methods and retrosynthetic analysis. The manuscript is organized according to the main reaction types and the nature of newly‐formed bonds.
Polyoxometalate‐Based Bottom‐Up Fabrication of Graphene Quantum Dot/Manganese Vanadate Composites as Lithium Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Ji Yuanchun , Hu Jun , Biskupek Johannes , Kaiser Ute , Song Yu‐Fei , Streb Carsten 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLithium ion battery (LIB) electrodes require a stable connection between a redox‐active metal oxide for charge storage and an electrically conductive (often carbon‐based) material for charge transport. As charge transfer within the metal oxide is often a performance‐limiting factor, one promising concept is the linking of charge transfer and charge storage components on the nanoscale. This would maximize the interfacial contact area and improve charging/discharging behavior. This work presents a one‐step, room‐temperature route giving nanostructured manganese vanadium oxide/graphene quantum dot (GQD) composite electrodes. Manganese vanadium oxide clusters are used as solution‐processable precursors, which are deposited on GQDs using a sonication‐driven conversion leading to electroactive, lightweight composites. Incorporation of the composites as anodes in LIBs shows high electrochemical performance featuring discharge capacities of 970 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles with coulombic efficiencies near 100 %. The study shows how 3d‐metal oxide/GQD nanostructures can be accessed by a scalable sonication route starting from soluble, chemically tunable metal oxide clusters and graphene quantum dots.