bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of harmonic functions from partial boundary data respecting internal pointwise values
Authors: Leblond Juliette , Ponomarev Dmitry 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We consider partially overdetermined boundary-value problem for Laplace PDE in a planar simply connected domain with Lipschitz boundary

∂
⁡
Ω

${\partial\Omega}$

. Assuming Dirichlet and Neumann data available on

Γ
⊂

∂
⁡
Ω

${\Gamma\subset\partial\Omega}$

to be real-valued functions in

W

1
/
2

,
2

⁢

(
Γ
)

${W^{1/2,2}(\Gamma)}$

and

L
2

⁢

(
Γ
)

${L^{2}(\Gamma)}$

classes, respectively, we develop a non-iterative method for solving this ill-posed Cauchy problem choosing

L
2

${L^{2}}$

bound of the solution on

∂
⁡
Ω

∖
Γ

${\partial\Omega\setminus\Gamma}$

as a regularizing parameter. The present complex-analytic approach also naturally allows imposing additional pointwise constraints on the solution which, on practical side, can help incorporating outlying boundary measurements without changing the boundary into a less regular one.
Trusted frequency region of convergence for the enclosure method
in thermal imaging
Authors: Ikehata Masaru , Kwon Kiwoon 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This study deals with the numerical implementation
of a formula in the enclosure method as applied to a prototype inverse initial
boundary value problem for thermal imaging in a one-space dimension.
A precise error estimate of the formula is given
and the effect on the discretization of the used integral
of the measured data in the formula is studied.
The formula requires a large frequency to converge; however,
the number of time interval divisions grows exponentially as the frequency increases.
Therefore, for a given number of divisions, we fixed the trusted frequency region of convergence
with some given error bound.
The trusted frequency region is computed theoretically using the theorems provided in
this paper and is numerically implemented for various cases.
Three in a row—how sodium ions cross the channel
Authors: Kühlbrandt Werner 
Published: March 2016

Sodium channels are central to a host of fundamental cellular processes, including sensory perception, pain, and muscle contraction. In order to understand any of these processes in detail, it is necessary to know the atomic structure of the channel proteins both with and without bound sodium ions. In this issue, Naylor et al (2016) present the structure of a bacterial sodium channel tetramer. The three bound, partially hydrated sodium ions line up neatly in a row inside the selectivity filter, providing us with the first detailed insights into ion conduction in sodium channels, and the mechanisms by which sodium and potassium ions are discriminated.
Studies of the dynamics of nuclear clustering in human syncytiotrophoblast
Authors: Calvert S J , Longtine M S , Cotter S , Jones C J P , Sibley C P , Aplin J D , Nelson D M , Heazell A E P 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSyncytial nuclear aggregates (SNAs), clusters of nuclei in the syncytiotrophoblast of the human placenta, are increased as gestation advances and in pregnancy pathologies. The origins of increased SNAs are unclear; however, a better appreciation of the mechanism may give insight into placental ageing and factors underpinning dysfunction. We developed three models to investigate whether SNA formation results from a dynamic process of nuclear movement and to generate alternative hypotheses. SNA count and size were measured in placental explants cultured over 16 days and particles released into culture medium were quantified. Primary trophoblasts were cultured for 6 days. Explants and trophoblasts were cultured with and without cytoskeletal inhibitors. Anin silicomodel was developed to examine the effects of modulating nuclear behaviour on clustering. In explants, neither median SNA number (108 SNA/mm2villous area) nor size (283 μm2) changed over time. Subcellular particles from conditioned culture medium showed a wide range of sizes that overlapped with those of SNAs. Nuclei in primary trophoblasts did not change position relative to other nuclei; apparent movement was associated with positional changes of the syncytial cell membrane. In both models, SNAs and nuclear clusters were stable despite pharmacological disruption of cytoskeletal activity.In silico, increased nuclear movement, adhesiveness and sites of cytotrophoblast fusion were related to nuclear clustering. The prominence of SNAs in pregnancy disorders may not result from an active process involving cytoskeleton-mediated rearrangement of syncytial nuclei. Further insights into the mechanism(s) of SNA formation will aid understanding of their increased presence in pregnancy pathologies.
Interleukins, interferons, and establishment of pregnancy in pigs
Authors: Mathew Daniel J , Lucy Matthew C , D Geisert Rodney 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEarly pregnancy in mammals requires complex and highly orchestrated cellular and molecular interactions between specialized cells within the endometrium and the conceptus. Proinflammatory cytokines are small signaling proteins released by leukocytes that augment innate and adaptive immune responses. They are also released by the mammalian trophectoderm as the conceptus apposes the uterine surface for implantation. On approximately day 12 of development in pigs, the conceptus undergoes a rapid morphological transformation referred to as elongation while simultaneously releasing estrogens and a novel conceptus form of interleukin-1 beta (IL1β). Following elongation, pig conceptuses express interferon gamma (IFNγ) and, in lesser amounts, interferon delta (IFNδ). Significant IFN signaling takes place within the endometrium between day 14 and 18 of pregnancy as the conceptus intimately associates with the uterine epithelium. Based on studies carried out in pigs and other mammals, the combined spacio-temporal activities of conceptus estrogens, IL1β, and IFN set in motion a series of coordinated events that promote establishment of pregnancy. This is achieved through enhancement of conceptus development, uterine receptivity, maternal–fetal hemotropic exchange, and endometrial leukocyte function. These events require activation of specific signaling pathways within the uterine luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium, and stroma. Here, we review proinflammatory cytokine expression by pig conceptuses and the hypothesized actions of these molecules during establishment of pregnancy.
Current Workforce of General Pediatricians in the United States
Authors: Freed Gary L. , Moran Lauren M. , Van Kenton D. , Leslie Laurel K. ,   on behalf of the Research Advisory Committee of the American Board of Pediatrics
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
A near vacuum exists for credible information regarding specialty-specific demography, including gender, years since training completion, current employer, academic affiliation, and hours worked in specific tasks. Understanding the current status and changes to the medical workforce and its work patterns is essential to assessing whether the supply and distribution meets the needs of patients, institutions, society, and educational programs.

METHODS:
A self-administered electronic survey sent to all pediatricians at the time of their enrollment in the Maintenance of Certification program in 2013–2014. The survey focused on exploring trends associated with career choice, career paths, time spent in professional activities, and current practice characteristics. Logistic regression and χ2 analyses were conducted.

RESULTS:
The response rate was 87.2% (N = 15 351). Of those who completed the survey, 9253 (64%) self-identified as general pediatricians. An increased likelihood of working part-time was seen among women (odds ratio [OR]: 12.21), those without an academic appointment (OR: 1.32), and those not working in a private/independent practice (OR: 1.15). Overall, 89% (n = 8214) of respondents stated that their current allocation of professional time was approximately what they wanted. Those more likely to be involved in quality improvement in the past year did not work in independent/private practices (OR: 1.78) and worked full-time (OR: 1.16).

CONCLUSIONS:
Understanding the current nature of the pediatric workforce is a first step in providing data to guide future workforce planning and the training experiences required to maintain and shape the workforce to meet the current and future needs of children.
The Treatment of Colorectal Cancer During Pregnancy: Cytotoxic Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy Challenges
Authors: Rogers Jane E. , Dasari Arvind , Eng Cathy 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Cancer diagnosed during pregnancy has increased because of delayed child-bearing and the known occurrence of age-dependent malignancies. Cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) in pregnancy have recently been reported. With the expected rise in CRC diagnosed in young adults coupled with the current trend of delayed child-bearing, CRC during pregnancy is likely to increase. Treating pregnant women with CRC by using antineoplastics presents a dilemma because there are many unknowns to guide treatment decisions. We review the issues regarding the use of 10 CRC-approved agents in pregnancy.
Qualidade dos registros de enfermagem em uma Maternidade Escola: um estudo descritivo
Authors: Querido Danielle Lemos , Esteves Ana Paula Vieira dos Santos , De Almeida Viviane Saraiva , Bornia Rita Bernardete Ribeiro Gueiros , Amim Júnior Joffre , Da Silva Roberta Wagner Pereira 
Published: March 2016

Objetivo: identificar as não conformidades relacionadas aos registros de enfermagem; apresentar propostas para o treinamento da equipe em relação a temática da qualidade dos registros de enfermagem. Método: pesquisa documental retrospectiva, descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa utilizando-se de dados dos prontuários. Foi desenvolvido um instrumento para a coleta de dados e as anotações descritas serão comparadas com padrões esperados de anotação. As variáveis coletadas serão analisadas através da estatística descritiva. Resultados esperados: promoção do reconhecimento da importância dos registros de enfermagem e de suas implicações junto a equipe de enfermagem.
Negro-Afromexicanos: Formaciones de alteridad y reconocimiento étnico
Authors: Millán Gloria Lara 
Published: March 2016

En el trabajo que se presenta reflexiono en torno al proceso de movilización de colectivos afrodescendientes que actualmente se organizan para lograr su reconocimiento étnico en el país. Se describen algunas particularidades en torno a las formaciones de alteridad en espacios donde actualmente se identifica la existencia de estos colectivos; la forma en que se sedimentan los procesos globales relacionados con las políticas multiculturales, tanto en prácticas locales como en algunas acciones que el Estado mexicano implementa para incluir a estas poblaciones como parte de la diversidad étnica.Palabras claves: movilización negra, afrodescendientes, políticas multiculturales.---Negro afro-mexicanos: Formações de alteridade e reconhecimento étnicoProponho, nesse trabalho, uma reflexão sobre o processo de mobilização de grupos afrodescendentes que, atualmente, estão se organizando em busca de seu reconhecimento étnico no país. No texto, são descritas algumas particularidades das formações de alteridade nos espaços onde atualmente se identifica a existência desses grupos e a forma em que se sedimentam os processos globais relacionados com as políticas multiculturais, tanto nas práticas locais como em algumas ações que o Estado mexicano implementa para incluir a essas populações como parte da diversidade étnica.Palavras chaves: mobilização negra, afrodescendentes, políticas multiculturais.---Black-Afro-Mexicans: Formations of alterity and ethnic recognitionIn this study I propose a look into the mobilization process of African descent groups that are currently organizing themselves in search of the ethnic recognition in the country. Within the text, we describe some peculiarities of the formations of alterity in settings where, currently, such groups exist, and the way in which they settle global processes related to multicultural policies; be them in local practices or in policies that the Mexican state implements to include these populations, as part of ethnic diversity.Key words: black mobilization, African descent, multicultural policies.
Políticas Territoriales Y Exclusiones Étnicas En Belice: Un Siglo De Transformaciones En Tierras Maya
Authors: Hoffmann Odile 
Published: March 2016

Resumen:El artículo analiza las formas en que las políticas territoriales coloniales ignoraron o tomaron en cuenta la presencia de los grupos maya de Belice, territorio disputado entre los imperios españoles y británicos durante varios siglos, colonia británcia desde 1862 y país independiente desde 1981. Buscamos entender cómo se forjan territorialidades diferenciadas en la articulación entre la construcción de un territorio-nación (primero colonia británica, luego nación independiente) y las formas de apropiación del espacio por parte de los grupos étnicos que lo habitan. Para esto, proponemos un análisis diacrónico, con base en una reconstrucción de los relatos territoriales en el caso de los maya de Belice.Palabras claves: Políticas agrarias, erritorio étnico, territorialidad, multiculturalsimo ***Abstract:Territorial policies and ethnic exclusion in Belize : a century of tranformations in maya land The article analyzes the ways in which colonial land policies ignored or took into account the presence of Mayan groups in Belize, a territory disputed between the Spanish and British empires for centuries, british colony since 1862 and independent country since 1981. We seek to understand how different territorialities are being forged in the articulation between the construction of a territory-nation (former British colony, then an independent nation), and the forms of spatial appropriation by the ethnic groups who inhabit it. For this, we propose a diachronic analysis, with the reconstruction of the territorial narratives in the case of the Maya of Belize.Keywords: Land policy, ethnic territories, territoriality, multiculturalism. ***Resumo:O artigo analisa as formas que as políticas territoriais coloniais ignoraram ou tomaram em conta a presença dos grupos maia de Belize, território disputado entre os impérios espanhóis e britânicos durante vários séculos, colônia britânica desde 1862 e país independente desde 1981. Buscamos entender como se forjam territorialidades diferenciadas na articulação entre a construção de un território-nação (primeiro colônia britânica, depois nação independente) e as formas de apropriação do espaço por parte dos grupos étnicos que o habita. Para isto, propomos uma análise diacrónica, com base em uma reconstrução dos relatos territoriais no caso dos maias de Belize.Palavras chaves: Políticas agrárias, território étnico, territorialidade, multiculturalismo
3D evaluation of mandibular skeletal changes in juvenile arthritis patients treated with a distraction splint: A retrospective follow-up
Authors: González Maria Florinda Otero , Pedersen Thomas Klit , Dalstra Michel , Herlin Troels , Verna Carlalberta 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate three-dimensional (3D) condylar and mandibular growth in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with unilateral temporomandibular joint involvement treated with a distraction splint.

Materials and Methods:
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken for 16 patients with JIA with unilateral TMJ involvement before treatment (T0) and 2 years after treatment (T1). All patients received orthopedic treatment with a distraction splint. Eleven patients without JIA who were undergoing orthodontic treatment without a functional appliance or Class II mechanics and who had taken CBCT scans before and after treatment, served as controls. Reconstructed 3D models of the mandibles at T0 and T1 were superimposed on stable structures. Intra- and intergroup growth differences in condylar and mandibular ramus modifications and growth vector direction of the mandibular ramus were evaluated.

Results:
In all patients with JIA there were asymmetric condylar volume, distal and vertical condylar displacement, and ramus length differences that were smaller on the affected side. Condylar displacement was more distal and less vertical in the JIA group than in the control group. A larger distal growth of the condylar head and a more medial rotation of the ramus on the affected side were found in the JIA group.

Conclusion:
The orthopedic functional treatment for patients with JIA allows for condylar adaptation and modeling, thereby hindering, although with a widely variable response, a further worsening of the asymmetry. Unilateral affection has a possible influence on the growth of the nonaffected side.
Comparison of refractometry and biuret assay for measurement of total protein concentration in canine abdominal and pleural fluid specimens
Authors: Rose Alexandra , Funk Deborah , Neiger Reto 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare total protein (TP) concentrations in canine pleural and abdominal fluid specimens as measured by refractometry and biuret assay.
DESIGN Diagnostic test evaluation.
SAMPLE Data regarding 92 pleural and 148 abdominal fluid specimens from dogs with various diseases.
PROCEDURES TP concentrations in fluid specimens as measured by refractometry and biuret assay were recorded. Strength of association between sets of measurements was assessed by Spearman rank correlations and Bland-Altman plots. Optimal concentration cutoff for diagnostic discrimination between exudate and nonexudate was identified by construction of receiver operating characteristic curves.
RESULTS Median TP concentration in pleural fluid specimens was 2.7 g/dL (range, 0.3 to 4.8 g/dL) for refractometry and 2.9 g/dL (range, 0.7 to 5.8 g/dL) for biuret assay. Median TP concentration in abdominal fluid specimens was 3.5 g/dL (range, 0.1 to 6.0 g/dL) for refractometry and 3.5 g/dL (range, 0.6 to 5.7 g/dL) for biuret assay. Correlation was significant between refractometric and biuret results for pleural (ρ = 0.921) and abdominal (ρ = 0.908) fluid. Bland-Altman plots revealed bias of −0.18 g/dL for pleural fluid and −0.03 g/dL for abdominal fluid for refractometry versus biuret assay. With a TP concentration of ≥ 3 g/dL used to distinguish exudate from nonexudate, sensitivity of refractometry was 77% for pleural fluid and 80% for abdominal fluid. Specificity was 100% and 94%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Refractometry yielded acceptable results for measurement of TP concentration in canine pleural and abdominal fluid specimens, providing a more rapid and convenient method than biuret assay. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016;248:789–794)
The 60 versus 90 MW Battle over Upper Trishuli-3A The Victors and the Vanquished Classic Case of throwing the Baby out with the Bathwater!
Authors: Pun Santa Bahadur 
Published: March 2016

Abstract: Chronicling the Upper Trishuli-3A (UT-3A) controversy is necessary because it provides a classic example of what ails our power sector and why we suffer such long load shedding. With a concessional US$120 million loan from China, UT-3A was tendered in February 2009 as a 60 MW project but with an ‘alternative proposal’ caveat. Bids were opened in May 2009 and the lowest evaluated bidder, China Gezhouba Group Company (CGGC), included a‘25% of the cost’ caveat for the ‘90 MW option’. NEA had envisaged starting project construction ‘from the dry season of 2009’. However, a full two years lapsed before the order to commence work on the 60 MW UT-3A was given in June 2011. This unduly long two year delay and the ‘chalkhel’ therein could be another chronicle in itself. The 60 versus 90 MW controversy then spilled over to the public. The blistering partisan stands of the media were compounded by the bureaucratic ‘save your necks’ committees’ recommendations. Twenty months after the commencement order for the 60 MW was given, Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai’s cabinet approved ‘in principle’ the 90 MW upgrading in January 2013. This decision was lambasted for abuse of power ‘for personal and party’s bene?t ….. no other motive than earning cash.’ Strangely, the cat was ?nally belled by Khil Raj Regmi’s bureaucrat-led Interim Election government when the NEA Board on 31st May 2013 approved the 90 MW upgrading to ‘optimize available resources.’ The NEA Unions, supported by political stalwarts, immediately rose up in objection. In a mere 12 days, the Interim government buckled and the NEA Board was forced to eat the humble pie: it reversed its 90 MW decision to 60 MW for a ‘more congenial environment’ in the supply of electricity. This article attempts to analyze this controversial issue by reconstructing the sequence of events and decisions so that latter-day researchers will judge the victors and the vanquished in the UT-3A controversy. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentVolume: 13, 2013, JulyPage: 8-15
Bio-psycho-social effects of a coordinated neurorehabilitation programme: A naturalistic mixed methods study
Authors: Glintborg Chalotte , Hansen Tia G.B. 
Published: March 2016

PURPOSE: Best practice guidelines for neurorehabilitation recommend coordinated rehabilitation programmes to ensure seamless service transitions and comprehensive rehabilitation practices. However, this recommendation for practice and the evidence informing its advancement is based on unexamined assumptions. Therefore, this study investigates bio-psycho-social outcomes and perceptions of a coordinated rehabilitation programme. METHOD: In a prospective, naturalistic mixed methods study, rehabilitation outcomes for 82 adults (18–66 years) with moderate to severe acquired brain injury were investigated. Clients who received the coordinated rehabilitation programme KORE ( n = 27) were compared to clients from the same area who received standard rehabilitation prior to the implementation of the KORE programme ( n = 37) and clients who received other coordinated efforts elsewhere ( n = 18). The study employed quantitative data from standardized tests (Functional Independence Measure, Major Depression Inventory, Quality of life, and Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire, as well as information on return to work and qualitative interviews with clients ( n = 82) and their relatives ( n = 40). RESULTS: Outcomes did not improve from hospital discharge to two years later. Notably, physiological recovery had probably been achieved to the extent possible, but depression and reduced psychological well-being remained prevalent across groups. Qualitative interviews suggested several barriers to improvement, such as identity dilemmas and unmet needs for psychological support, while rehabilitation services focused on physical and practical training. CONCLUSION: Coordinated interventions do not guarantee comprehensive rehabilitation and better outcomes for clients with acquired brain injury. Psychological support seems to be important and largely unaddressed.