bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single centre prospective cohort study addressing the effect of a rule-in/rule-out troponin algorithm on routine clinical practice
Authors: Marjot Jack , Kaier Thomas E , Henderson Katherine , Hunter Laura , Marber Michael S , Perera Divaka 
Published: December 2017

Aims: In 2015, the European Society of Cardiology introduced new guidelines for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. These guidelines included the use of high-sensitivity troponin assays for ‘rule-in’ and ‘rule-out’ of acute myocardial injury at presentation (using a ‘0 hour’ blood test). Whilst these algorithms have been extensively validated in prospective diagnostic studies, the outcome of their implementation in routine clinical practice has not been described. The present study describes the change in the patient journey resulting from implementation of such an algorithm in a busy innercity Emergency Department. Methods and results: Data were prospectively collected from electronic records at a large Central London hospital over seven months spanning the periods before, during and after the introduction of a new high-sensitivity troponin rapid diagnostic algorithm modelled on the European Society of Cardiology guideline. Over 213 days, 4644 patients had high-sensitivity troponin T measured in the Emergency Department. Of these patients, 40.4% could be ‘ruled-out’ based on the high-sensitivity troponin T concentration at presentation, whilst 7.6% could be ‘ruled-in’. Adoption of the algorithm into clinical practice was associated with a 37.5% increase of repeat high-sensitivity troponin T measurements within 1.5 h for those patients classified as ‘intermediate risk’ on presentation. Conclusions: Introduction of a 0 hour ‘rule-in’ and ‘rule-out’ algorithm in routine clinical practice enables rapid triage of 48% of patients, and is associated with more rapid repeat testing in intermediate risk patients.
Saccharomyces Boulardii in the Prevention of Pseudomembranous Colitis
Authors: Gosar James G 
Published: December 2017

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). Data Sources A MEDLINE search (January 1966–April 2000, updated July 2001) of English-language medical literature was conducted. Key search terms included Saccharomyces boulardii, pseudomembranous colitis, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and Clostridium difficile. Additional information was obtained from pathophysiology and medical textbooks. Data Synthesis S. boulardii is a nonpathogenic yeast used to treat and prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea, including PMC, a serious, sometimes refractory complication of antibacterial drug therapy. A literature search was conducted to determine its efficacy in preventing PMC. Conclusions When administered in combination with standard treatments, S. boulardii does not appear to prevent the first relapse but does appear to reduce subsequent recurrences of probable PMC in patients experiencing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. It has also shown promise as monotherapy in preventing the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in patients not experiencing diarrhea. Further well-designed, controlled studies are needed.
Fc-independent immune thrombocytopenia via mechanomolecular signaling in platelets
Authors: Quach M. Edward , Dragovich Matthew A. , Chen Wenchun , Syed Anum K. , Cao Wenpeng , Liang Xin , Deng Wei , De Meyer Simon F. , Zhu Guangheng , Peng Jun , Ni Heyu , Bennett Carolyn M. , Hou Ming , Ware Jerry , Deckmyn Hans , Zhang X. Frank , Li Renhao 
Published: December 2017

Key Points
Anti-GPIbα antibodies exert a pulling force on platelet GPIbα by crosslinking platelets under shear flow. A mechanical feature of an anti-GPIbα antibody, rather than affinity or epitope, determines ability to induce Fc-independent clearance.
Safety and efficacy of selinexor in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Authors: Chen Christine , Siegel David , Gutierrez Martin , Jacoby Meagan , Hofmeister Craig C. , Gabrail Nashat , Baz Rachid , Mau-Sorensen Morten , Berdeja Jesus G. , Savona Michael , Savoie Lynn , Trudel Suzanne , Areethamsirikul Nuchanan , Unger T. J. , Rashal Tami , Hanke Tim , Kauffman Michael , Shacham Sharon , Reece Donna 
Published: December 2017

Key Points
Selinexor is an oral XPO1 inhibitor with antimyeloma activity. The RP2D is 45 mg/m2 (80 mg) selinexor plus 20 mg dexamethasone given twice weekly.
In Their Own Words: A Qualitative Study of Kenyan Breast Cancer Survivors’ Knowledge, Experiences, and Attitudes Regarding Breast Cancer Genetics
Authors: Lee Siwon , Gedleh Amal , Hill Jessica A. , Qaiser Seemi , Umukunda Yvonne , Odiyo Philip , Kitonyi Grace , Dimaras Helen 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionBreast cancer ranks among the most common adult cancers in Kenya. Individuals with a family history of the disease are at increased risk. Mutations most commonly associated with breast cancer affect BRCA1 and BRCA2; mutations in several other genes may also confer breast cancer risk. Genetic testing and counseling can help patients understand their risk and assist clinicians in choosing therapies. We aimed to uncover what patients know, experience, and think with regard to breast cancer genetics in Kenya.MethodsParticipants included breast cancer survivors age > 18 years. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire before participating in focus group discussions to uncover knowledge of, experiences with, and attitudes toward the genetics of breast cancer. Data were analyzed by inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFour focus groups were conducted. Participants had rudimentary knowledge about genetics and cancer development, and although they understood breast cancer could be familial, many suspected environmental factors causing spontaneous disease. They reported limited experience with counseling about genetic risk, perceiving that their physicians were too busy to provide comprehensive information. Many indicated they promoted cancer screening among family to promote early diagnosis. Participants expressed a need for more comprehensive counseling and access to genetic testing, recognizing the added clarity it would bring to their families’ risk of cancer.ConclusionImproved communication from health care teams could clarify the risk of cancer for affected families. The introduction of affordable genetic testing and counseling for breast cancer in Kenya is welcomed by survivors.
PLUTONIUM-239 DIOXIDE IN THE LUNG. Report 2: Pathology of the lungs of rats induced by intratracheal injection of plutonium-239 dioxide
Authors: Жорова Е. , Zhorova E. , Беляев И. , Belyaev I. , Калистратова В. , Kalistratova V. , Парфенова И. , Parfenova I. , Тищенко Г. , Tischenko G. , Сапрыкин В. , Saprykin V. , Самойлов А. , Samoylov A. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose: The study of lung pathology induced by intratracheal injection of plutonium-239 dioxide and obtaining actual data on the dose-dependent profile of the remote consequences.
Material and methods: The plutonium dioxide was introduced into nonlinear white male rats once intratracheally in the amount of 100 kBq/kg body weight. Experimental animals were observed during their whole life. Radiometric, histoautoradiographical, histological and statistical research methods were used. Indicators of lung pathology were inflammatory, sclerotic, precancerous and neoplastic changes in the lungs.
Results: The calculation of absorbed doses in the lungs showed their variety from 1 to 400 Gr. The paper presents a quantitative analysis of remote lung pathology according to the groups with average absorbed doses from 7 to 306 Gy. The introduction of 239PuO2 significantly increased the frequency of sclerotic changes of the lungs compared with intact rats (11 and 46 % respectively). Tumors were found in the lungs of 20 % of intact rats and of 51 % of the rats that received 239PuO2. Malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin prevailed. They were formed in 9 % of the biological control rats and in 41 % of the rats, carriers of 239PuO2. The dependence of the frequency of pathological changes in the lungs from absorbed dose in the organ was revealed.
Conclusion: A single intratracheal introduction of 239PuO2 has increased the frequency of pathological changes in the lungs of rats compared with intact animals. With the increase of the absorbed dose in the lungs the number of rats with pneumosclerosis, tumors of epithelial origin and multiple tumors has grown. Most indicative are adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinomas. With the increasing of absorbed dose not only the frequency, but a spectrum of tumors varies. Dose response – probability of effect for each type of non-neoplastic and neoplastic pathology has its own character. For tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue, localized in the lungs, the opposite from tumors of epithelial origin, dependence of the frequency of their formation from the absorbed dose has been revealed.
About Defining the Borders of Radioactive Contamination Zones as a Result of Large Radiation Accidents. Message II. The Principled Approach
Authors: Скоробогатов А. , Skorobogatov A. , Герменчук М. , Germenchuk M. , Симонов А. , Simonov A. , Жукова О. , Zhukova O. , Апанасюк О. , Apanasyuk O. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose: Development of methods of establishing the borders of radioactive contamination caused by major radiation accidents.
Material and Methods: Approaches for establishing Radioactive Contamination Zones (RCZ) and defining their borders are proposed based on the notion of a ‘RCZ’s accounting unit’. An area representing a generalized land plot, settlement, forestry and/or water body (i.e. minimum registration units of: the State Cadastre, the Administrative-Territorial Classifiers, the State Forest Registry, and the State Water Register) is proposed to be taken as the RCZ’s accounting unit.
Results: The basic formal procedure provides for identification of the RCZ status for each contaminated area based on the condition of intervention level (criterion) excess by the relevant radiation-situation index. When developing a regulatory document on RCZ establishment, a list of land plots and settlements is drawn up with indication of the RCZ status (rank), the plot’s category and its unique number. Using information about the plot borders, a list of coordinates of characteristic points located at RCZ borders ranked by the RCZ status is made. Such a list may constitute an integral part of the relevant regulatory-and-legal document that establishes RCZ borders.
Conclusions: Taking of a land plot, settlement, forestry or water body as the ‘RCZ’s accounting unit’ enables RCZ’s establishment and determination of their borders using simple formal procedures and a specified number of indices. The RCZs can be presented as cumulative lists of cadastral plots and settlements, whereas their boundaries via the relevant descriptions of boundaries of the plots having different RCZ status.
The challenges of a comprehensive surgical approach to Blount's disease
Authors: Edwards T. A. , Hughes R. , Monsell F. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate a surgical technique that aims to address the multi-planar deformities occurring in early onset Blount's disease. Methods Seven patients (eight lower limbs) with early onset Blount's disease were treated with a surgical technique that used an external fixator to simultaneously address all aspects of deformity. Presenting radiographic parameters including mechanical axis deviation (MAD), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and medial plateau angle (MPA) were compared with final follow-up and the unaffected limb. Data was also collected on surgical complications and functional outcomes. Results After a mean interval of 4.6 years (2.2 to 9), the MAD of the affected limb improved from 4.85 cm to 1.88 cm, MPTA from 43.58° to 75.46° and MPA from 43.41° to 20.71°. The mean time in the external fixator was 5.6 months (3.5 to 10.4). Recurrence was noted in three patients; two had evidence of nerve injury and one patient had premature fibular consolidation. Conclusion The surgical technique described in this study has attempted to address the complex multiaxial deformity that is encountered in Blount's disease. It identifies difficulties and limitations in developing a comprehensive surgical protocol and highlights complications associated with this approach.
LOS ENUNCIADORES POLÍTICOS DE LA PROTESTA POR EL AUMENTO DE TARIFAS EN ARGENTINA UN ANÁLISIS HIPERMEDIÁTICO DE UN MOVIMIENTO SOCIAL CONTEMPORÁNEO
Authors: Slimovich Ana 
Published: December 2017

En el siguiente trabajo realizamos una articulación de herramientas provenientes de la sociosemiótica de los medios masivos y la teoría de la mediatización de lo político veroniana (Carlón y Scolari, 2009; Steimberg, 1993; Verón, 1987, 1997, 1998 [1995], 2001, 2013), con las derivadas del modelo analítico de la circulación contemporánea (Carlón, 2014, 2015, 2016b; Carlón, Fraticelli, Slimovich y Jiménez, 2016). Asimismo, hacemos una aproximación a un modo de estudio de los movimientos sociales asociando estas conceptualizaciones con el enfoque de la comunicación de Castells (2009, 2012).Nos centramos en el caso del movimiento argentino de protesta por el aumento de tarifas de servicios públicos en 2016. Concluimos en determinar que en el ruidazo de julio de 2016 se conforma un colectivo sociopolítico en un espacio híbrido: se ancla a un hashtag y a la vez ocupa el espacio urbano. Este movimiento se nuclea a partir de un centro de interés: vetar la decisión gubernamental del aumento de tarifas.
FACEBOOK: DE LA INTERACCIÓN AL INTERCAMBIO
Authors: Schaer Francisco 
Published: December 2017

El trabajo tiene por objeto presentar un campo de problemas relacionados con el análisis de las redes sociales. Para ello, se adoptarán las dos claves teóricas principales de Eliseo Verón en la Semiosis Social: el concepto de «discurso» y la hipótesis del desfase entre producción y reconocimiento. ¿Es posible «jugar a otro juego» en las redes sociales? ¿Qué implícitos y estrategias de validación plantea el mismo dispositivo de comunicación en la situación que propone? En este trabajo se aborda la evolución de funciones de Facebook para los usuarios, el problema de la construcción de la objetividad a partir de la apertura de diferentes planos de observación y una hipótesis para pensar el vínculo entre las lógicas sistémicas sociales y socioindividuales en esta evolución.
‚China Inbound Service‘
Authors: Haller-Rupf Barbara , Schillo Katrin 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der chinesische Outbound-Tourismus bietet Destinationen im alpinen Raum viel Potenzial und stellt sie gleichzeitig vor große Herausforderungen. Es stellt sich die Frage, mit welchem Produkt- und Dienstleitungsangebot und mit welcher Organisationsform die Wertschöpfung in den Destinationen gesteigert werden kann. Im vorliegenden Projekt ‚China Inbound Service‘ werden die mittels Kundenbefragung vor Ort sowie Experten- und Fokusgruppengesprächen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zu Reiseerwartungen und -verhalten chinesischer FIT-Gäste analysiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Gäste, die wiederholt nach Europa kommen, länger in einer Destination bleiben, um Aktivitäten wie Skifahren oder Naturerlebnisse zu genießen. Zudem wurden Instrumente zur Qualitätssteigerung von touristischen Leistungen sowie zur destinationsübergreifenden Angebotsbündelung aller Leistungsträger entworfen.
Das Wurzelerweiterungsaffix
ḥ
im Ägyptischen (und im Afroasiatischen)
Authors: Brose Marc 
Published: December 2017

Summary
Quite long known in the linguistic research of Ancient Egyptian is an affix ḥ which is used to augment both verbs and nouns, whereas the meaning of that affix could not be figured out in a convincing theory until today. This article gives an overview about the research history in Egyptian and Afroasiatic linguistics, makes an attempt to determine the basic meaning as plural-extensive with several specific nuances when the affix is joined to verbs, like factitive, resultative, adversative. It also discusses diverse theories about its existence in other branches of the Afroasiatic phylum and shows that the recent evidence in these branches is too little and / or too dubitable to postulate such an affix with comparable meaning like the Egyptian one. Otherwise, as it is shown, the Semitic branch has created patterns with similar value, the gemination patterns of the type qVttVl in several varieties and derivations.
Characteristics of a National Level Female Weightlifter Peaking for Competition: A Case Study
Authors: Bazyler Caleb D. , Mizuguchi Satoshi , Zourdos Michael C. , Sato Kimitake , Kavanaugh Ashley A. , DeWeese Brad H. , Breuel Kevin F. , Stone Michael H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Bazyler, CD, Mizuguchi, S, Zourdos, MC, Sato, K, Kavanaugh, AA, DeWeese, BH, Breuel, KF, and Stone, MH. Characteristics of a national level female weightlifter peaking for competition: A case study. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3029–3038, 2018—This study investigated physiological and performance changes of a national-level 69 kg female weightlifter after 3 competition phases over a 28-week training period. The athlete first trained for a regional championship (weeks 1–12), followed by a local competition (weeks 13–23) and the national championship (weeks 24–28). Body mass, vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (CSA), and unloaded and loaded squat jump performance were assessed weekly during each 4-week competition phase. Serum biomarkers and dynamic midthigh pulls were assessed before and after each competition phase. Weightlifting performance goals were met for the regional championship (total = 200 kg) and the local competition (total = 193 kg), but not the national championship (total = 196 kg). She lost more body mass in preparation for Nationals (−6.0 kg) compared with regionals (−2.5 kg) and the local competition (+2.2 kg). Vastus lateralis CSA very likely decreased after Nationals (precision = 99%, effect size = 2.08). Her testosterone:cortisol ratio likely increased (88%, 2.64), whereas interleukin-6 (79%, 2.47) and tumor necrosis factor–alpha (81%, 3.59) likely decreased after Nationals. Serum myostatin (99%, 1.95) and decorin (99%, 1.96) very likely decreased after the local competition. Unloaded squat jump height likely increased the week of regionals (89%, 0.95) and the local competition (99%, 1.83), whereas unloaded and loaded squat jump height possibly (69%, 0.99) and likely (82%, 1.52) decreased the week of Nationals. Dynamic midthigh pull vertical displacement likely increased after regionals (93%, 0.84) and likely decreased after Nationals (94%, 0.87). These findings indicate that biomarkers of stress, inflammation, and hypertrophy are related to changes in training volume-load; however, performance measures are needed to assess competition preparedness. Considering the reductions in muscle CSA corresponding with the large reductions in body mass and underperformance at the national championship, sport scientists, and coaches should instruct weightlifters to not attempt large losses in body mass (e.g., >3 kg) close to competition (e.g., <1week).
Rethinking our refugee crisis with Hannah Arendt
Authors: Mahrdt Helgard 
Published: December 2017

A Europa encara uma onda de refugiados e migrantes. Resolver os muitos problemas inerentes é principalmente uma tarefa política prática. No entanto, existem experiências existenciais, valores democráticos, atitudes humanas e princípios políticos envolvidos, e este artigo atenta particularmente para três aspectos da crise dos refugiados: (1) o existencial (refiro-me ao filósofo Martin Heidegger e à pensadora política Hannah Arendt), (2) o político (volto-me para os passos da UE em direção a uma política comum de refugiados) e (3) o legal (refiro-me à noção de hospitalidade de Immanuel Kant e às notas de Seyla Benhabib sobre Direitos Humanos). Finalmente, farei uma observação final sobre a tarefa da educação (refiro-me à noção de philia de Hannah Arendt e Aristóteles).
A fogyás motivációi súlycsökkentő kezelésben részt vevők körében
Authors: Czeglédi Edit 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Introduction: Unrealistic expectations about weight goal and about weight loss-related benefits can hinder the effort for a successful long-term weight control. Aim: To explore weight loss-related goals and their background among overweight/obese patients. Method: Study sample consisted of patients who participated in the inpatient weight loss treatment in the Lipidological Department of Szent Imre Hospital (n = 339, 19% men). Mean age: 50.2 years (SD = 13.47 years), mean BMI: 38.6 (SD = 7.58). Measures: self-reported anthropometric data, type and number of treated illnesses, Goals and Relative Weights Questionnaire, Motivations for Weight Loss Scale, Body Shape Questionnaire. Results: Participants would feel disappointed with a possible 10% weight loss in a half-year time span. The acceptable weight loss percentage was higher among women, younger participants and among those who had more excess weight. Motivation regarding the increase in social desirability by weight loss is in association with body dissatisfaction, health related motivation is in association with the number of treated illnesses. Conclusions: Our results are contributing to the understanding of motivational factors behind weight reduction efforts, considering these can improve treatment success rates. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(49): 1960–1967.
From Confrontation to Cooperation: The London Debt Agreement of 1953 and Later Debt Crises
Authors: Rombeck-Jaschinski Ursula 
Published: December 2017

From Confrontation to Cooperation: The London Debt Agreement of 1953 and Later Debt Crises The London Debt Agreement of 27 February 1953 managed to solve the complex problem of German foreign debt of the pre- and post-war periods. The initiative for an international debt conference came from the Allies. But Germany also had a vested interest in regulating its debt, so as to be granted access to the global capital market once more. Contrary to all prior concerns, the settlement was finalised without a hitch. Most of the obligations were even paid back ahead of time. Since the 1990s public interest in the Agreement has been reignited. It has been repeatedly proposed as a solution to contemporary debt crises. At first, the London settlement was considered as a potential answer to debt crises in the Third World. One-World activists demanded that the countries in question should be relieved of a large part of their debt in the spirit of London 1953. It is frequently overlooked that the London Agreement did not specify a cut in capital for private pre-war debt, but instead a modification of interest and duration periods. Even in the current debt crisis, which originated in 2010, the London Agreement is frequently cited as a possible solution. The German government is often criticised in the foreign press for its uncompromising attitude on debt relief, especially towards weaker members of the Eurozone, and is called on to remember its recent history. When this happens, however, the special historic circumstances of the 1950s are usually not taken into account. Greece and other debtor countries, as part of the Eurozone, no longer have control over a national currency. The crisis of one country always impacts the community of the Eurozone as a whole. In light of this, it is rather misleading to take the London Agreement as a blueprint for the solution of contemporary debt crises. However, the discussion in the international press continues on whether the London Debt Agreement can serve as a model in the present crisis.