bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indications for Insulin Pump Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes and Associations With Glycemic Control
Authors: Jendle Johan H. , Rawshani Araz , Svensson Ann-Marie , Avdic Tarik , Gudbjörnsdóttir Soffia 
Published: May 2016

Background: Real-world data regarding indications for use of insulin pump remain sparse. We investigated characteristics among individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in relation to indication for use of insulin pump (CSII). Comparison was made with T1D subjects using multiple daily injections (MDI). Methods: We included all individuals with T1D who had at least 1 registration in the National Diabetes Register during 2014-2015. Among 46 874 individuals, we excluded 2350 due to missing data. We examined 35 725 on MDI and 8799 on CSII regarding characteristics in relation to insulin delivery method, as well as association between insulin delivery and glycemic control (HbA1c) and presence of albuminuria. Results: Unadjusted mean (SD) HbA1c was 63.84 (15.07) mmol/mol (7.99 [1.38]%) and 63.75 (13.19) mmol/mol (7.99 [1.21]%) in the MDI and CSII group, respectively. MDI and CSII users were on average 48.8 and 41.5 years old, respectively. MDI users were on average 26 years old and CSII users 17 years old at the time of diabetes diagnosis. Overall, a higher proportion of CSII users were females (53.5%). As compared with MDI, use of CSII was associated with up to 7.84 mmol/mol (0.72%) lower HbA1c in a multivariable adjusted model. Use of CSII was, however, not associated with risk of having albuminuria. Conclusions: CSII was used more frequently in younger individuals, early-onset diabetes, and problematic glycemic control. The use of CSII was associated with lower HbA1c among CSII users except from those who started CSII due to high HbA1c.
Lin28A induces energetic switching to glycolytic metabolism in human embryonic kidney cells
Authors: Docherty Craig K. , Salt Ian P. , Mercer John R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundLoss of a cell’s capacity to generate sufficient energy for cellular functions is a key hallmark of the ageing process and ultimately leads to a variety of important age-related pathologies such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease and atherosclerosis. Regenerative medicine has sought to reverse these pathologies by reprogramming somatic cells to a more juvenile energetic state using a variety of stem cell factors. One of these factors, Lin28, is considered a candidate for modification in the reprogramming of cellular energetics to ameliorate the ageing process while retaining cell phenotype.ResultsOver-expression of Lin28A resulted in key changes to cellular metabolism not observed in wild-type controls. Extracellular pH flux analysis indicated that Lin28A over expression significantly increased the rate of glycolysis, whilst high resolution oxygen respirometry demonstrated a reduced oxygen consumption. Western blot and real-time PCR analysis identified Hexokinase II as one of the key modulators of glycolysis in these cells which was further confirmed by increased glucose transport. A metabolic switching effect was further emphasised by Western blot analysis where the oxygen consuming mitochondrial complex IV was significantly reduced after Lin28A over expression.ConclusionsResults from this study confirm that Lin28A expression promotes metabolic switching to a phenotype that relies predominantly on glycolysis as an energy source, while compromising oxidative phosphorylation. Mechanisms to augment regulated Lin28A in age related pathologies that are characterised by mitochondria dysfunction or in differentiated and aged post-mitotic cells is the future goal of this work.
A Dielectric Spectroscopic Study of Ethylene Carbonate in Solution
Authors: Sagawa Naoya , Takabatake Shunzo , Shikata Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The formation of anti-parallel dimers ((EC)2) of ethylene carbonate (EC) in solution is discussed via dielectric data determined over a frequency range up to 3 THz. Two major dielectric processes have been identified in both benzene (Bz) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) solutions. The relaxation times were ca. 8 and ca. 20 ps in Bz, and ca. 20 and ca. 40 ps in DMC solution for the two relaxation processes, respectively. The population of monomeric EC was evaluated from the strength of the faster relaxation mode assigned to the rotational mode of monomeric EC. Equilibrium constants (Kd) for the (EC)2 formation in the two solvents were determined as functions of the concentration at room temperature assuming a process, 2EC $ \rightleftharpoons $ (EC)2. The libration of EC molecules was observed as a sharper resonance signal at ca. 1.5 × 1013 s−1 when they existed as monomeric EC rather than in the form of (EC)2 in Bz, whereas the signal was not so sharp in DMC. The fact that the determined Kd values depended on the solvent: 3–7 M−1 in Bz and 0.05–0.1 M−1 in DMC, reveals that the choice of solvent governs the efficiency of (EC)2 formation. The Kd showed reasonable agreement with the previously determined equilibrium constants using Raman scattering techniques.
Business Education, Institute of Business, and Entrepreneurship in Modern Russia
Authors: Маркова  , Markova M. , Сазанова  , Sazanova S. 
Published: May 2016

The authors have revealed the interrelation of business education, institute of business, and entrepreneurship
in modern Russia. The authors’ analysis of motivation for business schools’ prospective students has
allowed reveal this motivation’s components, factors, stipulating the motivation, and the desire of business
schools’ students to start the entrepreneurship. On the basis of theoretical and practical study the authors
have justified practical recommendations aimed at enhancing of the business schools’ attractiveness for
potential consumers.
Statement of Managerial Education’s Rapid Development Methodology
Authors: Райченко  , Raychyenko Alyeksandr 
Published: May 2016

The methodological basis of scientific research and professional managerial education are the classical
and elaborating approaches. Their statement and use are realized in traditional, innovative, and aggregated
forms, and it becomes a constructive condition for improving the research and education process in the
management area. From this positions justification, statement and application of a rapid development
methodology in a process oriented management format are realized. Anticipatory orientation lays a creative
potential of thinking, forms an innovative development activity, as well as provides an assimilation and
implementation of objective for an urgent result achievement. The rapid development priority provides
assimilation of professional knowledge, practical abilities and applied skills of learners with development’s
constructive resource, formulation and implementation of impact goals. This methodology becomes
a universal basis for assimilation and application of necessary for the practice, innovatively oriented
competences of a manager.
An electronically instrumented internal fixator for the assessment of bone healing
Authors: Kienast B. , Kowald B. , Seide K. , Aljudaibi M. , Faschingbauer M. , Juergens C. , Gille J. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives The monitoring of fracture healing is a complex process. Typically, successive radiographs are performed and an emerging calcification of the fracture area is evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether different bone healing patterns can be distinguished using a telemetric instrumented femoral internal plate fixator. Materials and Methods An electronic telemetric system was developed to assess bone healing mechanically. The system consists of a telemetry module which is applied to an internal locking plate fixator, an external reader device, a sensor for measuring externally applied load and a laptop computer with processing software. By correlation between externally applied load and load measured in the implant, the elasticity of the osteosynthesis is calculated. The elasticity decreases with ongoing consolidation of a fracture or nonunion and is an appropriate parameter for the course of bone healing. At our centre, clinical application has been performed in 56 patients suffering nonunion or fracture of the femur. Results A total of 39 cases of clinical application were reviewed for this study. In total, four different types of healing curves were observed: fast healing; slow healing; plateau followed by healing; and non-healing. Conclusion The electronically instrumented internal fixator proved to be valuable for the assessment of bone healing in difficult healing situations. Cost-effective manufacturing is possible because the used electronic components are derived from large-scale production. The incorporation of microelectronics into orthopaedic implants will be an important innovation in future clinical care. Cite this article: B. Kienast, B. Kowald, K. Seide, M. Aljudaibi, M. Faschingbauer, C. Juergens, J. Gille. An electronically instrumented internal fixator for the assessment of bone healing. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:191–197. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.55.2000611.
Model of dental braces for palatal suture expansion with tension analysis of two titanium alloys: Ti-13Nb-13Zr and Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Chojdacka Magdalena Kinga 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
One of the most common stomatognathic system dysfunctions on the skeletal level is the maxilla’s narrowing. It is distinguished by front-teeth crowding, protrusion of the lower teeth past the front teeth, as well as a high-arched palate. The key method of orthodontic treatment of this pathology is applying dental braces with the palatal extension system working on the skeletal level. The most popular device is the Biederman appliance with the Hyrax screw, designed before the era of technological progress. As a result, the aim of the project was to present new constructional solutions for devices applied in cases of quick palatal suture expansion. Two biocompatible material solutions were prepared for the key part of the device – the screw. A comparative tension analysis with the use of two titanium alloys (Ti-13Nb-13Zr and Ti-6Al-4V) has been performed by means of the finite-element method.
Source localization of S-cone and L/M-cone driven signals using silent substitution flash stimulation
Authors: Klee Sascha , Liebermann Jens , Haueisen Jens 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the neuronal sources of the visual evoked potentials after flash stimulation of the S- and the L/M-cone driven channels of the visual system. For 11 volunteers a 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during selective excitation of both color opponent channels. Individual and grand average data were analyzed topographically. Source localization was carried out using a realistically shaped three compartment boundary element model (BEM) and a mirrored moving dipole model. We found two main components (N1, P1) in all subjects, as well as a third late component in most subjects. For these components significant latency differences (N1=33 ms, P1=22 ms; p<0.05) between both color opponent channels were found. The results showed no differences in the topography and no differences in dipole localization between both color channels. Talairach coordinates of grand averages indicated activation in area 18. Comparison of results of separately stimulated eyes revealed no differences. Our findings showed that neural processing occurs in the same areas of the visual cortex for stimuli with different spectral properties. The signals of S- and L/M-cone driven channels are transmitted in distinct pathways to the cortex. Thus, the observed latency differences might be caused by different anatomical and functional properties of these pathways.
Evaluation of antiphospholipid antibody assays using latent class analysis to address the lack of a reference standard
Authors: Thaler Markus A. , Bietenbeck Andreas , Yin Meng-Xin , Steigerwald Udo , Holmes Andrew B. , Lindhoff-Last Edelgard , Luppa Peter B. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background:
Method evaluation of new assays for the detection of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) such as anti-cardiolipin (aCL) or anti-β2-glycoprotein I (aβ2-GPI) is challenging, as no internationally accepted reference material is available yet. Besides a lack of standardization, unacceptable inter-laboratory comparability of established tests is regularly observed. Owing to the absence of a commonly accepted reference standard, the evaluation of two research surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor assays was performed using statistical methods from latent class analysis (LCA).

Methods:
aCL and aβ2-GPI IgG and IgM were measured in sera from 63 antiphospholipid syndrome patients, fulfilling the Sydney criteria, and in 34 healthy controls with four commercial assays. LCA was performed on the results and sera were assigned to the antibody-positive or antibody-negative group. Sera were subsequently evaluated in the SPR assays for aCL and aβ2-GPI. Optimal cutoffs and diagnostic performances of the research systems were established employing the LCA-derived gold standard.

Results:
With area under the curve results of 0.96 and 0.89 for the detection of aCL and aβ2-GPI, the research SPR assays discriminated well between antibody-positive and antibody-negative sera. Their sensitivities and specificities were comparable to the investigated commercial immunoassays.

Conclusions:
SPR assays are a suitable tool for the detection of aCL and aβ2-GPI with diagnostic performances not different from currently available commercial tests. LCA enabled the calculation of sensitivities and specificities for aPL assays in absence of a reference standard.
A Statistical Comparison of Mathematical Models for Heavy Metal Leaching Phenomena from Solidified Landfill Waste Mortar
Authors: Haque M. Aminul 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this research, landfill solid waste was solidified as cement-waste matrix to protect the environment from excessive intrusive contaminants like Fe, Cu and Ni and minimize the waste load. Within this context, ingredients of cement-waste mortar were characterized to determine their physical properties. Long-term feasibility study was conducted to examine the metal contents stabilization by employing the standard mass transfer-leaching test. The cumulative leaching concentration of Fe, Cu and Ni were found to be 1.29 mg/l, 0.18 mg/l and 0.63 mg/l respectively up to 180 days static leaching test period that satisfied the surface water quality standard. Mechanical strength test was also conducted to characterize the solidification technique. Five well-established non-linear mathematical Models were conducted to evaluate the mechanisms of Fe, Cu and Ni migration. Goodness of fit statistical parameter analysis and visual examination indicated that polynomial equation Model is better for explaining the experimentally generated data. Moreover, parameter of polynomial equation was extended from five to nine for examining the best calibration profile to the observations. In context of slope-intercept and visual observation analysis resulted that polynomial equation based Model bearing five parameters with 0.5 power interval of each parameter describes the leaching phenomena quite similar with the experimental observations whereas goodness of fit parameters and information criterion shows reverse. It was found that the studied immobilized landfill waste mortar have acceptable mechanical performance that confirms to be used as construction material.
Role of tour guides on tourist satisfaction level in guided tours and impact on re-visiting Intention: a research in Istanbul
Authors: Çetı̇nkaya Mehmet Yavuz , Öter Zafer 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Traveller’s wishes, needs and expectations keep changing constantly as destinations vie with each other to increase their share from the international tourism pie. Destinations need to offer qualified service and renew themselves continuously. In this context, tour guides as key representatives of destinations play a significant role on tourist satisfaction and re-visit intention. This research aims to ascertain the role played by tour guides on the satisfaction level of tourists participating in guided tours in Istanbul. Another aim of this research is to determine the impact level of tour guides on the possible re-visit intention of tourists to the same destination. Based on 530 completed surveys from international tourists, the findings revealed a significant relationship between tourist satisfaction, re-visiting intention and tour guiding service. Following the evaluation of the findings, recommendations were developed for the tourism industry.
Relationship between landform classification and vegetation (case study: southwest of Fars province, Iran)
Authors: Mokarram Marzieh , Sathyamoorthy Dinesh 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study is aimed at investigating the relationship between landform classification and vegetation in the southwest of Fars province, Iran. First, topographic position index (TPI) is used to perform landform classification using a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) with resolution of 30 m. The classification has ten classes; high ridges, midslope ridges, upland drainage, upper slopes, open slopes, plains, valleys, local ridges, midslope drainage and streams. Visual interpretation indicates that for the local, midslope and high ridge landforms, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values and tree heights are higher as compared to the other landforms. In addition, it is found that there are positive and significant correlations betweenNDVI and tree height (
Selection Bias When Using Instrumental Variable Methods to Compare Two Treatments But More Than Two Treatments Are Available
Authors: Ertefaie Ashkan , Small Dylan , Flory James , Hennessy Sean 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Instrumental variable (IV) methods are widely used to adjust for the bias in estimating treatment effects caused by unmeasured confounders in observational studies. It is common that a comparison between two treatments is focused on and that only subjects receiving one of these two treatments are considered in the analysis even though more than two treatments are available. In this paper, we provide empirical and theoretical evidence that the IV methods may result in biased treatment effects if applied on a data set in which subjects are preselected based on their received treatments. We frame this as a selection bias problem and propose a procedure that identifies the treatment effect of interest as a function of a vector of sensitivity parameters. We also list assumptions under which analyzing the preselected data does not lead to a biased treatment effect estimate. The performance of the proposed method is examined using simulation studies. We applied our method on The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database to estimate the comparative effect of metformin and sulfonylureas on weight gain among diabetic patients.
A Sequential Rejection Testing Method for High-Dimensional Regression with Correlated Variables
Authors: Mandozzi Jacopo , Bühlmann Peter 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe propose a general, modular method for significance testing of groups (or clusters) of variables in a high-dimensional linear model. In presence of high correlations among the covariables, due to serious problems of identifiability, it is indispensable to focus on detecting groups of variables rather than singletons. We propose an inference method which allows to build in hierarchical structures. It relies on repeated sample splitting and sequential rejection, and we prove that it asymptotically controls the familywise error rate. It can be implemented on any collection of clusters and leads to improved power in comparison to more standard non-sequential rejection methods. We complement the theoretical analysis with empirical results for simulated and real data.
The Orthogonally Partitioned EM Algorithm: Extending the EM Algorithm for Algorithmic Stability and Bias Correction Due to Imperfect Data
Authors: Regier Michael D. , Moodie Erica E. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe propose an extension of the EM algorithm that exploits the common assumption of unique parameterization, corrects for biases due to missing data and measurement error, converges for the specified model when standard implementation of the EM algorithm has a low probability of convergence, and reduces a potentially complex algorithm into a sequence of smaller, simpler, self-contained EM algorithms. We use the theory surrounding the EM algorithm to derive the theoretical results of our proposal, showing that an optimal solution over the parameter space is obtained. A simulation study is used to explore the finite sample properties of the proposed extension when there is missing data and measurement error. We observe that partitioning the EM algorithm into simpler steps may provide better bias reduction in the estimation of model parameters. The ability to breakdown a complicated problem in to a series of simpler, more accessible problems will permit a broader implementation of the EM algorithm, permit the use of software packages that now implement and/or automate the EM algorithm, and make the EM algorithm more accessible to a wider and more general audience.
Evaluations of the Optimal Discovery Procedure for Multiple Testing
Authors: Rubin Daniel B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Optimal Discovery Procedure (ODP) is a method for simultaneous hypothesis testing that attempts to gain power relative to more standard techniques by exploiting multivariate structure [1]. Specializing to the example of testing whether components of a Gaussian mean vector are zero, we compare the power of the ODP to a Bonferroni-style method and to the Benjamini-Hochberg method when the testing procedures aim to respectively control certain Type I error rate measures, such as the expected number of false positives or the false discovery rate. We show through theoretical results, numerical comparisons, and two microarray examples that when the rejection regions for the ODP test statistics are chosen such that the procedure is guaranteed to uniformly control a Type I error rate measure, the technique is generally less powerful than competing methods. We contrast and explain these results in light of previously proven optimality theory for the ODP. We also compare the ordering given by the ODP test statistics to the standard rankings based on sorting univariatep-values from smallest to largest. In the cases we considered the standard ordering was superior, and ODP rankings were adversely impacted by correlation.
Innovative Helicopter In-Flight Noise Monitoring
Systems Enabled by Rotor-State Measurements
Authors: Trainelli Lorenzo , Gennaretti Massimo , Bernardini Giovanni , Rolando Alberto , Riboldi Carlo E. D. , Redaelli Matteo , Riviello Luca , Scandroglio Alessandro 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The present contribution aims at providing a
comprehensive illustration of a new approach to rotorcraft
noise abatement, especially during terminal procedures,
when the vehicle approaches the ground and the acoustic
impact is higher. This approach pursues the development
of technologies and tools for real-time, in-flight monitoring
of the emitted noise. The effect of the acoustic radiation
is presented to the pilot in a condensed, practical
form on a new cockpit instrumentation, the Pilot Acoustic
Indicator (PAI), to be used for performing quieter maneuvers.
The PAI is based on the synergetic composition
of pre-calculated acoustic data, which are used in a noise
estimation algorithm together with the data gathered by
an innovative contactless measurement system, capable of
acquiring the main rotor blade motion. The paper reports
on the current studies in unsteady and quasi-steady aeroacoustic
prediction and tip-path-plane angle of attack and
thrust coefficient observation. Results on novel methodologies
are discussed, together with the main features of
the PAI design and development process.