bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professionalism and professional quality of life for oncology nurses
Authors: Jang Insil , Kim Yuna , Kim Kyunghee 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo identify the relationship between professionalism and professional quality of life among oncology nurses working at tertiary hospitals in Korea.BackgroundsOncology nurses are combined with core competencies and qualities required in cancer patient care. Professionalism that means compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue is a main concept in problem‐solving strategies as motivation. Their satisfaction is representative of professionalism and professional quality of life. However, little research has focused on professionalism and professional quality of life.DesignA cross‐sectional study with self‐administered questionnaires.MethodsA total of 285 nurses from two tertiary hospitals were included. Data collection was undertaken using Korean version of professionalism scale derived from the Hall Professional Inventory Scale and professional quality of life. Data were analysed by spss 21.0 for Windows Program using t‐test, anova, and multiple regression.ResultsThe mean score of professionalism in oncology nurses was 77·98 ± 7·31. The mean professional quality of life score for compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and secondary traumatic stress was 33·84 ± 5·62, 28·38 ± 5·36 and 28·33 ± 5·48. Compassion satisfaction was affected by factors of professionalism with an explanatory power of 49·2%. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress were affected by factors of professionalism with an explanatory power of 39·3% and 4·8%.ConclusionThe higher the professionalism leads to the higher the compassion satisfaction, the lower the compassion fatigue. The relationship between professionalism and professional quality of life for a health work environment requires further investigation.Relevance to clinical practiceOur study supports the idea that enhancing professionalism can increase professional quality of life. It is necessary to develop professionalism by recognised qualifications and applied rewards in advanced nursing organisational culture. Furthermore, compassion satisfaction is increased by continuing ethical and moral education programme for clinical nurses to force professional dedication and encouraging nurses to affiliate themselves with the professional communities. Nurses are connected to professionalism affect the quality of nursing service for patients and professional quality of life for themselves.
The associations of socioeconomic status and social capital with gingival bleeding among schoolchildren
Authors: Tomazoni Fernanda , Vettore Mario Vianna , Zanatta Fabricio Batistin , Tuchtenhagen Simone , Moreira Carlos Heitor Cunha , Ardenghi Thiago Machado 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the associations of gingival bleeding with individual and community social variables among schoolchildren.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study evaluated a representative, multistage, random sample of 1,134 12‐year‐old schoolchildren from Santa Maria, a city in southern Brazil. The participants were examined clinically, and full‐mouth gingival bleeding was recorded according to the Community Periodontal Index criteria (scored as healthy or bleeding). The children's parents or guardians answered questions regarding their socioeconomic status and social capital, and an assessment of the associations was performed using multilevel Poisson regression models.ResultsThe prevalence of gingival bleeding was 96.21 percent. The multilevel adjusted assessment revealed that socioeconomic, clinical, and social capital variables at the individual level were associated with higher levels of gingival bleeding. Children whose fathers had a low educational level, children who had dental plaque and dental crowding, and children who never/almost never attended religious meetings exhibited significantly higher levels of gingival bleeding than their counterparts. This social gradient remained significant even after adjusting for contextual‐level covariates.ConclusionThe results indicate that the socioeconomic status and features of social capital are associated with the levels of gingival bleeding among schoolchildren.
Combined stomach content and δ13C/δ15N analyses of oilfish, escolar, snake mackerel and lancetfish in the western North Atlantic
Authors: Keller Heidi R. , Hirons Amy C. , Kerstetter David W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLarge, mesopelagic teleost fishes have a potentially keystone position in the ecology of the pelagic water column, yet remain relatively unstudied when compared with large, commercially important, epipelagic fishes. Here, the ecological roles of four, large, vertically migrating teleosts were examined. Stomach content analyses were performed on 48 oilfish (Ruvettus pretiosis), 35 escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum), 32 snake mackerel (Gempylus serpens) and seven lancetfish (Alepisaurus spp.) collected from pelagic longline gear in the Western North Atlantic Ocean from 2007 to 2010. Of these specimens, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses were also performed on white dorsal muscle tissue from 33 oilfish, 16 escolar, 27 snake mackerel and seven lancetfish. Based on literature length‐at‐maturity values, all escolar, snake mackerel and lancetfish specimens were mature, while 13 of the 33 oilfish were juveniles. Crustaceans, annelids, salps, cephalopods and teleosts were present in the stomachs and were presumed to be prey items. A Kruskal–Wallis test showed the four species to be isotopically segregated in both δ13C and δ15N. Escolar were the most depleted in δ13C, followed by adult oilfish, juvenile oilfish and lancetfish, with snake mackerel the most enriched. The depletion in δ13C of adult oilfish and escolar may have been attributable to high C/N values, which were strongly correlated with length in oilfish, weakly correlated with length in escolar and moderately correlated with length in snake mackerel and lancetfish. The high C/N was likely due to the high lipid concentration of these fishes. Other factors that may have contributed to the depletion in δ13C may include spawning or a change in carbon source within the ecosystem. Large escolar occupied the highest trophic level (δ15N = 10.20), followed by snake mackerel (δ15N = 9.66), adult oilfish (δ15N = 9.32), lancetfish (δ15N = 9.05) and juvenile oilfish (δ15N = 7.83). A marked change in oilfish δ13C and C/N at 30–35 cm fork length coincided with a presumed length‐at‐maturity.
Pain Drawings Improve Subgrouping of Low Back Pain Patients
Authors: Hüllemann Philipp , Keller Thomas , Kabelitz Maria , Freynhagen Rainer , Tölle Thomas , Baron Ralf 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundSubgrouping of low back pain (LBP) patients may be improved when pain drawings are combined with the painDETECT (PD‐Q) questionnaire. We hypothesized that (1) different LBP subgroups determined by their pain radiation show different clinical patterns and (2) the occurrence of neuropathic symptoms depends on pain radiation.MethodsA total of 19,263 acute (< 6 weeks’ duration), subacute (6 to 12 weeks), and chronic (> 3 months) LBP patients were allocated prospectively into 4 groups based on the location of pain drawings on a manikin and compared regarding neuropathic pain components, functionality, depression, pain intensity, and surgical interventions. All items were investigated at baseline and follow‐up visits. Group I was composed of patients with axial LBP without radiating pain; group II, LBP with radiation into the thigh; group III, LBP with radiation into the shank; and group IV, LBP with radiation into the feet. Side‐dependent pain radiation was assessed additionally.ResultsDepression, functionality, and pain intensity showed no clinically relevant differences, whereas PD‐Q scores and the probability to rate positive for neuropathic pain increased with more distally radiating pain. Surgery and medication intake were most frequent in group IV. Follow‐up analyses showed that only axial LBP became more neuropathic, whereas pain intensity decreased over time.ConclusionsRadicular patterns of pain drawings in LBP patients indicate severe pain conditions with the most neuropathic components, while axial LBP has the fewest. For the categorization of LBP, pain drawings help explain the underlying mechanism of pain, which might further improve mechanism‐based treatment when used in clinical routines and research.
A quality improvement initiative to increase pneumococcal vaccination coverage among children after kidney transplant
Authors: Malone Kathryn , Clark Stephanie , Palmer Jo Ann , Lopez Sonya , Pradhan Madhura , Furth Susan , Kim Jason , Fisher Brian , Laskin Benjamin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPneumococcal vaccination rates among children receiving a kidney transplant remain suboptimal. Current practice guidelines in the United States recommend giving the PPSV23 after priming with the PCV13. We conducted a QI initiative to increase pneumococcal vaccine rates in our kidney transplant recipients by developing an age‐based vaccine algorithm, obtaining vaccine records, and generating reminders for patients and clinicians. A monthly report from the EHR tracked outcomes. The process metric was missed vaccine opportunities, and the overall objective was to improve coverage with both the PCV13 and PPSV23. Over the first six months, we increased the percentage of visits where the vaccine was given from a baseline of 4% to 33%. However, by the end of the 12‐month period, the percentage of eligible visits where the vaccine was given decreased to 8.7%. Nevertheless, over the 12‐month observation period, we were able to increase the percentage of transplant patients receiving the PCV13 and PPSV23 from 6% to 52%. Utilizing an age‐based algorithm and the electronic medical record, vaccine champions can track both missed visit opportunities and the number of vaccinated patients to improve pneumococcal immunization coverage for these high‐risk patients.
AtCDC48A is involved in the turnover of an NLR immune receptor
Authors: Copeland Charles , Woloshen Virginia , Huang Yan , Li Xin 
Published: June 2016

SummaryPlants rely on different immune receptors to recognize pathogens and defend against pathogen attacks. Nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) proteins play a major role as intracellular immune receptors. Their homeostasis must be maintained at optimal levels in order to effectively recognize pathogens without causing autoimmunity. Previous studies have shown that the activity of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system is essential to prevent excessive accumulation of NLR proteins such as Suppressor of NPR1, Constitutive 1 (SNC1). Attenuation of the ubiquitin E3 ligase SCFCPR1 (Constitutive expressor of Pathogenesis Related genes 1) or the E4 protein MUSE3 (Mutant, SNC1‐Enhancing 3) leads to NLR accumulation and autoimmunity. In the current study, we report the identification of AtCDC48A as a negative regulator of NLR‐mediated immunity. Plants carrying Atcdc48A‐4, a partial loss‐of‐function allele of AtCDC48A, exhibit dwarf morphology and enhanced disease resistance to the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (H.a.) Noco2. The SNC1 level is increased in Atcdc48A‐4 plants and AtCDC48A interacts with MUSE3 in co‐immunoprecipitation experiments, supporting a role for AtCDC48A in NLR turnover. While Arabidopsis contains four other paralogs of AtCDC48A, knockout mutants of these genes do not show obvious immunity‐related phenotypes, suggesting functional divergence within this family. As an AAA‐ATPase, AtCDC48A likely serves to process the poly‐ubiquitinated NLR substrate for final protein degradation by the 26S proteasome.
Influenza A Viruses Detected in Swine in Southern Germany after the H1N1 Pandemic in 2009
Authors: Pippig J. , Ritzmann M. , Büttner M. , Neubauer‐Juric A. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryInfections with influenza A viruses (IAV) are highly prevalent in swine populations, and stable cocirculation of at least three lineages has been well documented in European swine – till 2009. However, since the emergence of the human pandemic pdmH1N1 virus in 2009, which has been (re)introduced into individual swine herds worldwide, the situation has been changing. These variations in the respective IAV pools within pig populations are of major interest, and the zoonotic potential of putative emerging viruses needs to be evaluated. As data on recent IAV in swine from southern Germany were relatively sparse, the purpose of this study was to determine the major IAV subtypes actually present in this region. To this aim, from 2010 to 2013, 1417 nasal swabs or lung tissue samples from pigs with respiratory disease were screened for IAV genomes. Overall, in 130 holdings IAV genomes were detected by real‐time RT‐PCR targeting the matrix protein gene. For further analyses, several PCR protocols were adapted to quickly subtype between H1, pdmH1, H3, N1 and N2 sequences. Taken together, cocirculation of the three stable European lineages of IAV was confirmed for Bavaria. H1N1 sequences were identified in 59, whereas H1N2 genomes were only diagnosed in 14, and H3N2 in 9 of the holdings analysed. However, pdmH1 in combination with N1 was detected in 2010, 2012 and 2013 confirming a presence, albeit in low prevalence, likewise pdmH1N2 reassortant viruses. Interestingly, individual cases of coinfections with more than one subtype were diagnosed. Partial genome sequences were determined and phylogenetic analyses performed. Clearly other than in the human population classically circulating IAV have not been displaced by pdmH1N1 in Bavarian swine. However, some interesting viruses were detected. Further surveillance of these viruses in the Bavarian pig population will be of major importance, to monitor future developments.
The Survival of a Temperate vtx Bacteriophage and an Anti‐Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 Lytic Phage in Water and Soil Samples
Authors: Nyambe S. , Burgess C. , Whyte P. , Bolton D. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryVerocytotoxigenic (vtx) Escherichia coli (VTEC) are zoonotic foodborne pathogens with the vtx operon encoded by lambdoid bacteriophage (phage). Despite much research on the host bacteria, similar data on the persistence of verocytotoxin converting phage and the ecological niches where transduction occurs are lacking and novel VTEC of important public health significance, have and continue to emerge. This study investigated the survival of a temperate vtx bacteriophage (24B::kanamycinR) in water (raw farm, pasteurized farm, laboratory tap and autoclaved purified water) and soil (sandy loam and loam soil). It also examined the persistence of an anti‐VTEC lytic phage (e11/2) in the same matrices as this may be one option for controlling the emergence of novel VTEC, especially in farm ecological niches where other control options, such as chemical, heat or high pressure treatments, are not feasible. Samples inoculated with 24B::kanamycinR and e11/2 bacteriophage (8 log10 pfu/ml or pfu/g) separately were incubated at 4°C and 14°C, representative Irish Winter and Summer temperatures, respectively, and tested every 2 days for 40 days. The transduction of 24B::kanamycinR was also continuously assessed. Both phages survived with reductions observed, regardless of matrix or storage temperature. Moreover, 24B::kanamycinR was able to transduce its host E. coli strain. It was therefore concluded that aquatic and soil environments on farms may serve as a vtx phage reservoir and transduction point but anti‐VTEC phage is a possible biocontrol option.
A Novel Non-Replication-Competent Cytomegalovirus Capsid Mutant Vaccine Strategy Is Effective in Reducing Congenital Infection
Authors: Choi K. Yeon , Root Matthew , McGregor Alistair 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a leading cause of mental retardation and deafness in newborns. The guinea pig is the only small animal model for congenital CMV infection. A novel CMV vaccine was investigated as an intervention strategy against congenital guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) infection. In this
d
isabled
i
nfectious
s
ingle-
c
ycle (DISC) vaccine strategy, a GPCMV mutant virus was used that lacked the ability to express an essential capsid gene (the
UL85
homolog
GP85
) except when grown on a complementing cell line. In vaccinated animals, the GP85 mutant virus (GP85 DISC) induced an antibody response to important glycoprotein complexes considered neutralizing target antigens (gB, gH/gL/gO, and gM/gN). The vaccine also generated a T cell response to the pp65 homolog (GP83), determined via a newly established guinea pig gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. In a congenital infection protection study, GP85 DISC-vaccinated animals and a nonvaccinated control group were challenged during pregnancy with wild-type GPCMV (10
5
PFU). The pregnant animals carried the pups to term, and viral loads in target organs of pups were analyzed. Based on live pup births in the vaccinated and control groups (94.1% versus 63.6%), the vaccine was successful in reducing mortality (
P
= 0.0002). Additionally, pups from the vaccinated group had reduced CMV transmission, with 23.5% infected target organs versus 75.9% in the control group. Overall, these preliminary studies indicate that a DISC CMV vaccine strategy has the ability to induce an immune response similar to that of natural virus infection but has the increased safety of a non-replication-competent virus, which makes this approach attractive as a CMV vaccine strategy.

IMPORTANCE
Congenital CMV infection is a leading cause of mental retardation and deafness in newborns. An effective vaccine against CMV remains an elusive goal despite over 50 years of CMV research. The guinea pig, with a placenta structure similar to that in humans, is the only small animal model for congenital CMV infection and recapitulates disease symptoms (e.g., deafness) in newborn pups. In this report, a novel vaccine strategy against congenital guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) infection was developed, characterized, and tested for efficacy. This
d
isabled
i
nfectious
s
ingle-
c
ycle (DISC) vaccine strategy induced a neutralizing antibody or a T cell response to important target antigens. In a congenital infection protection study, animals were protected against CMV in comparison to the nonvaccinated group (52% reduction of transmission). This novel vaccine was more effective than previously tested gB-based vaccines and most other strategies involving live virus vaccines. Overall, the DISC vaccine is a safe and promising approach against congenital CMV infection.
Pestivirus N
pro
Directly Interacts with Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Monomer and Dimer
Authors: Gottipati Keerthi , Holthauzen Luis Marcelo F. , Ruggli Nicolas , Choi Kyung H. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a transcription factor involved in the activation of type I alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) in response to viral infection. Upon viral infection, the IRF3 monomer is activated into a phosphorylated dimer, which induces the transcription of interferon genes in the nucleus. Viruses have evolved several ways to target IRF3 in order to subvert the innate immune response. Pestiviruses, such as classical swine fever virus (CSFV), target IRF3 for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. This is mediated by the viral protein N
pro
that interacts with IRF3, but the molecular details for this interaction are largely unknown. We used recombinant N
pro
and IRF3 proteins and show that N
pro
interacts with IRF3 directly without additional proteins and forms a soluble 1:1 complex. The full-length IRF3 but not merely either of the individual domains is required for this interaction. The interaction between N
pro
and IRF3 is not dependent on the activation state of IRF3, since N
pro
binds to a constitutively active form of IRF3 in the presence of its transcriptional coactivator, CREB-binding protein (CBP). The results indicate that the N
pro
-binding site on IRF3 encompasses a region that is unperturbed by the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of IRF3 and thus excludes the dimer interface and CBP-binding site.

IMPORTANCE
The pestivirus N-terminal protease, N
pro
, is essential for evading the host's immune system by facilitating the degradation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). However, the nature of the N
pro
interaction with IRF3, including the IRF3 species (inactive monomer versus activated dimer) that N
pro
targets for degradation, is largely unknown. We show that classical swine fever virus N
pro
and porcine IRF3 directly interact in solution and that full-length IRF3 is required for interaction with N
pro
. Additionally, N
pro
interacts with a constitutively active form of IRF3 bound to its transcriptional cofactor, the CREB-binding protein. This is the first study to demonstrate that N
pro
is able to bind both inactive IRF3 monomer and activated IRF3 dimer and thus likely targets both IRF3 species for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.
Distinct Viral Lineages from Fish and Amphibians Reveal the Complex Evolutionary History of Hepadnaviruses
Authors: Dill Jennifer A. , Camus Alvin C. , Leary John H. , Di Giallonardo Francesca , Holmes Edward C. , Ng Terry Fei Fan 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Hepadnaviruses (hepatitis B viruses [HBVs]) are the only animal viruses that replicate their DNA by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Until recently, the known host range of hepadnaviruses was limited to mammals and birds. We obtained and analyzed the first amphibian HBV genome, as well as several prototype fish HBVs, which allow the first comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of hepadnaviruses from four classes of vertebrates. Bluegill hepadnavirus (BGHBV) was characterized from in-house viral metagenomic sequencing. The African cichlid hepadnavirus (ACHBV) and the Tibetan frog hepadnavirus (TFHBV) were discovered using
in silico
analyses of the whole-genome shotgun and transcriptome shotgun assembly databases. Residues in the hydrophobic base of the capsid (core) proteins, designated motifs I, II, and III, are highly conserved, suggesting that structural constraints for proper capsid folding are key to capsid protein evolution. Surface proteins in all vertebrate HBVs contain similar predicted membrane topologies, characterized by three transmembrane domains. Most striking was the fact that BGHBV, ACHBV, and the previously described white sucker hepadnavirus did not form a fish-specific monophyletic group in the phylogenetic analysis of all three hepadnaviral genes. Notably, BGHBV was more closely related to the mammalian hepadnaviruses, indicating that cross-species transmission events have played a major role in viral evolution. Evidence of cross-species transmission was also observed with TFHBV. Hence, these data indicate that the evolutionary history of the hepadnaviruses is more complex than previously realized and combines both virus-host codivergence over millions of years and host species jumping.

IMPORTANCE
Hepadnaviruses are responsible for significant disease in humans (hepatitis B virus) and have been reported from a diverse range of vertebrates as both exogenous and endogenous viruses. We report the full-length genome of a novel hepadnavirus from a fish and the first hepadnavirus genome from an amphibian. The novel fish hepadnavirus, sampled from bluegills, was more closely related to mammalian hepadnaviruses than to other fish viruses. This phylogenetic pattern reveals that, although hepadnaviruses have likely been associated with vertebrates for hundreds of millions of years, they have also been characterized by species jumping across wide phylogenetic distances.