bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian scoring rule on clustered event data for familial risk assessment – An example from colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Rieger Anna K. , Mansmann Ulrich R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractColorectal cancer screening is well established. The identification of high risk populations is the key to implement effective risk‐adjusted screening. Good statistical approaches for risk prediction do not exist. The family's colorectal cancer history is used for identification of high risk families and usually assessed by a questionnaire. This paper introduces a prediction algorithm to designate a family for colorectal cancer risk and discusses its statistical properties. The new algorithm uses Bayesian reasoning and a detailed family history illustrated by a pedigree and a Lexis diagram. The algorithm is able to integrate different hereditary mechanisms that define complex latent class or random factor structures. They are generic and do not reflect specific genetic models. This is comparable to strategies in complex segregation analysis. Furthermore, the algorithm can integrate different statistical penetrance models for right censored event data. Computational challenges related to the handling of the likelihood are discussed. Simulation studies assess the predictive quality of the new algorithm in terms of ROC curves and corresponding AUCs. The algorithm is applied to data of a recent study on familial colorectal cancer risk. Its predictive performance is compared to that of a questionnaire currently used in screening for familial colorectal cancer. The results of the proposed algorithm are robust against different inheritance models. Using the simplest hereditary mechanism, the simulation study provides evidence that the algorithm improves detection of families with high cancer risk in comparison to the currently used questionnaire. The applicability of the algorithm goes beyond the field of colorectal cancer.
Spectroscopic determination of succinylcholine in dosage forms using eosin Y
Authors: Ayad Magda M. , Belal Fathalla , Hosney Mervet M. , Abo El Abass Samah , Elsayed Nora 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTwo simple and sensitive analytical assay methods using spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetry techniques were developed for the estimation of succinylcholine chloride (SUC) in pharmaceutical preparations. The suggested methods are based on the formation of an ion pair complex formed between the drug and eosin Y spectrophotometrically (Method I), or the suppressive effect of succinylcholine on the native fluorescence property of eosin Y (Method II). The spectrophotometric method (Method I) involves measuring the absorbance of the complex between succinylcholine and eosin Y at 550 nm in Britton Robinson buffer of pH 3. However, the spectrofluorimetric method (Method II) involves measuring the quenching effect of the studied drug on the native fluorescence property of eosin Y at the same pH at 550 nm after excitation at 480 nm. The absorbance versus concentration of the drug is rectilinear over the range of 0.5 to 15 μg/ml. The formation constant was 3.5 × 104and the Gibb's free energy change was −2.5 × 104 J/mol. In Method II, the relative fluorescence intensity was directly proportional to SUC concentration over the range of 0.05 to 1 μg/ml. The proposed methods allowed a successful application to the estimation of succinylcholine ampoules. An explanation of the reaction pathway was postulated.
MiR-128 regulation of glucose metabolism and cell proliferation in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Xiao M , Lou C , Xiao H , Yang Y , Cai X , Li C , Jia S , Huang Y 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is prone to metastasis and has a poor prognosis, with lower survival rates than other breast cancer subtypes. MicroRNAs have recently emerged as powerful regulators of cancer processes and become a promising target in cancer therapy.

Methods
Expression of miR-128 was examined in invasive ductal breast cancer, and its relationship with clinicopathological features analysed. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to investigate the function and mechanism of miR-128 in the development of invasive ductal breast cancer.

Results
A cohort of 110 women with TNBC and 117 with non-TNBC were included in the study. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, overall and disease-free survival were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, histological grade and molecular subtype. Subgroup analysis showed that low expression of miR-128 correlated with shorter overall and disease-free survival in TNBC (P &lt; 0·001), and shorter overall but not disease-free survival in non-TNBC. In addition, miR-128 was able to inhibit glucose metabolism, mitochondrial respiration and proliferation of TNBC cells. These effects were consistent with miR-128 targeting inhibition of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1.

Conclusion
MiR-128 might be a prognostic marker and possible molecular target for therapy in patients with TNBC.
All-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk after surgery versus radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism
Authors: Giesecke P , Frykman V , Wallin G , Lönn S , Discacciati A , Törring O , Rosenqvist M 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the long-term side-effects of different treatments for hyperthyroidism. The few studies previously published on the subject either included only women or focused mainly on cancer outcomes. This register study compared the impact of surgery versus radioiodine on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a cohort of men and women.

Methods
Healthcare registers were used to find hyperthyroid patients over 35 years of age who were treated with radioiodine or surgery between 1976 and 2000. Comparisons between treatments were made to assess all-cause and cause-specific deaths to 2013. Three different statistical methods were applied: Cox regression, propensity score matching and inverse probability weighting.

Results
Of the 10 992 patients included, 10 250 had been treated with radioiodine (mean age 65·1 years; 8668 women, 84·6 per cent) and 742 had been treated surgically (mean age 44·1 years; 633 women, 85·3 per cent). Mean duration of follow-up varied between 16·3 and 22·3 years, depending on the statistical method used. All-cause mortality was significantly lower among surgically treated patients, with a hazard ratio of 0·82 in the regression analysis, 0·80 in propensity score matching and 0·85 in inverse probability weighting. This was due mainly to lower cardiovascular mortality in the surgical group. Men in particular seemed to benefit from surgery compared with radioiodine treatment.

Conclusion
Compared with treatment with radioiodine, surgery for hyperthyroidism is associated with a lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the long term. This finding was more evident among men.
Acute total occlusion of the left main coronary artery treated with percutaneous intervention and simultaneous implantation of intra‐aortic balloon pump
Authors: Kanic Vojko , Vokac Damijan , Granda Samo 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessageElectrocardiographic findings at first medical contact and direct transfer to the catheterization laboratory are important in acute total occlusion of the left main coronary artery. Simultaneous emergency angioplasty and intra‐aortic balloon pump implantation might be beneficial in overcoming the patient's most critical hemodynamic instability.
Cyanide‐Assembled d10Coordination Polymers and Cycles: Excited State Metallophilic Modulation of Solid‐State Luminescence
Authors: Belyaev Andrey , Eskelinen Toni , Dau Thuy Minh , Ershova Yana Yu. , Tunik Sergey P. , Melnikov Alexei S. , Hirva Pipsa , Koshevoy Igor O. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe series of cyanide‐bridged coordination polymers [(P2)CuCN]n(1), [(P2)Cu{M(CN)2}]n(M=Cu3, Ag4, Au5) and molecular tetrametallic clusters [{(P4)MM'(CN)}2]2+(MM′=Cu26, Ag27, AgCu8, AuCu9, AuAg10) were obtained using the bidentateP2and tetradentateP4phosphane ligands (P2=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene;P4=tris(2‐diphenylphosphinophenyl)phosphane). All title complexes were crystallographically characterized to reveal a zig‐zag chain arrangement for1and3–5, whereas6–10possess metallocyclic frameworks with different degree of metal‐metal bonding. The d10–d10interactions were evaluated by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) computational approach. The photophysical properties of1–10were investigated in the solid state and supported by theoretical analysis. The emission of compounds1and3–5, dominated by metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions located within {CuP2} motifs, is compatible with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) behaviour and a small energy gap between theT1andS1excited states. The luminescence characteristics of6–10are strongly dependent on the composition of the metal core; the emission band maxima vary in the range 484–650 nm with quantum efficiency reaching 0.56 (6). The origin of the emission for6–8and10at room temperature is assigned to delayed fluorescence. AuCu cluster9, however, exhibits only phosphorescence that corresponds to theoretically predicted large value ΔE(S1−T1). DFT simulation highlights a crucial impact of metallophilic bonding on the nature and energy of the observed emission, the effect being greatly enhanced in the excited state.
Syntheses of Amino‐Substituted Iridabenzofurans and Subsequent Selective N‐Functionalisation
Authors: Frogley Benjamin J. , Perera Lakshika C. , Wright L. James 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe first examples of amino‐substituted fused‐ring metallabenzenes, the cationic iridabenzofuran [Ir(C7H4O{NH2‐2}{OMe‐7})(CO)(PPh3)2][O3SCF3] (5) and neutral analogue Ir(C7H4{NH2‐2}{OMe‐7})Cl(PPh3)2 (6), can be prepared by reduction of the corresponding nitro‐substituted iridabenzofurans with zinc and concentrated hydrochloric acid. N‐functionalised derivatives of 5 and 6 are formed through alkylation, sulfonylation or acylation. Thus, consecutive treatments with methyl triflate and base gives the corresponding trimethylammonium‐substituted iridabenzofurans while sulfonamide derivatives are formed with p‐toluenesulfonyl chloride. N‐Acylation of 5 or 6 with acid chlorides, however, selectively form either amide or imide products depending on the charge on the metal and the steric size of the acid chloride. Cationic 5 gives amide substituted products regardless of the conditions whereas neutral 6 rapidly undergoes di‐N‐acylation with excess benzoyl chloride under mild conditions to give the imide‐substituted product Ir(C7H4O{N[C(O)Ph]2‐2}{OMe‐7})Cl(PPh3)2 (13). Selective mono‐acylation of 6 can be achieved with one equivalent of benzoyl chloride or with excess of the sterically congested pivaloyl chloride.
Di(1‐naphthyl) methanol ester of carboxylic acids for absolute stereochemical determination
Authors: Zhang Jun , Sheng Wei , Gholami Hadi , Nehira Tatsuo , Borhan Babak 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe absolute stereochemistry of chiral carboxylic acids is determined as a di(1‐naphthyl)methanol ester derivative. Computational scoring of conformations favoring either P or M helicity of the naphthyl groups, capable of exciton‐coupled circular dichroic coupling, leads to a predicted stereochemistry for the derivatized carboxylic acids.
In Situ Hybridization: Fruit Fly Embryos and Tissues
Authors: Wilk Ronit , Hu Jack , Krause Henry M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIt is well known that transcript localization controls important biological processes, including cell fate determination, cell polarity, cell migration, morphogenesis, neuronal function, and embryonic axis specification. Thus, the sub‐cellular visualization of transcripts in ‘their original place’ (in situ) is an important tool to infer and understand their trafficking, stability, translation, and biological functions. This has been made possible through the use of labeled ‘anti‐sense’ probes that can be readily detected after hybridization to their ‘sense’ counterparts. The following is a series of protocols for conducting in situ hybridization in Drosophila (fruit fly) embryos or tissues. Probe‐detection methods include a relatively simple alkaline phosphatase reaction, as well as higher‐resolution and higher‐throughput versions using fluorescence‐conjugated tyramide labeling. New modifications that enhance probe penetration and detection in various tissues are also provided. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Molybdenum Doping Augments Platinum–Copper Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst
Authors: Luo Yun , Kirchhoff Björn , Fantauzzi Donato , Calvillo Laura , Estudillo‐Wong Luis Alberto , Granozzi Gaetano , Jacob Timo , Alonso‐Vante Nicolas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractImproving the efficiency of Pt‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts while also reducing costs remains an important challenge in energy research. To this end, we synthesized highly stable and active carbon‐supported Mo‐doped PtCu (Mo‐PtCu/C) nanoparticles (NPs) from readily available precursors in a facile one‐pot reaction. Mo‐PtCu/C displays two‐to‐fourfold‐higher ORR half‐cell kinetics than reference PtCu/C and Pt/C materials, a trend that was confirmed in proof‐of‐concept experiments by using a H2/O2 microlaminar fuel cell. This Mo‐induced activity increase mirrors observations for Mo‐PtNi/C NPs and possibly suggests an emerging trend. Electrochemical‐accelerated stability tests revealed that dealloying was greatly reduced in Mo‐PtCu/C in contrast to the binary alloys PtCu/C and PtMo/C. Supporting DFT studies suggested that the exceptional stability of Mo‐PtCu could be attributed to oxidative resistance of the Mo‐doped atoms. Furthermore, our calculations revealed that oxygen could induce segregation of Mo to the catalytic surface, at which it effected beneficial changes to the surface oxygen adsorption energetics in the context of the Sabatier principle.
Anonymous and expeditious mobile user authentication scheme for GLOMONET environments
Authors: Gope Prosanta , Islam SK Hafizul , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Amin Ruhul , Vijayakumar Pandi 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe Global Mobility Network (GLOMONET) is rapidly becoming important as well as a popular feature in today's high‐performance network. The legal mobile users enjoy life using the ubiquitous services via GLOMONET. However, because of the broadcast nature of the wireless channel, providing user authentication along with the privacy and anonymity of the users in GLOMONET is indeed a challenging task. In this article, we come up with a secure and expeditious mobile communication environment using symmetric key cryptosystem to ensure mobile users' anonymity and privacy against eavesdroppers and backward/forward secrecy of the session key. Our scheme can also protect numerous security threats, like man‐in‐the‐middle attack, known session key attack, lost smartcard attack, and forgery attack. Furthermore, we put forward a new technique named as “friendly foreign agent policy,” where many foreign agents can make different groups among themselves and perform important responsibilities to authenticate a legitimate mobile user without interfering his or her home agent even though the mobile user moves to a new location, covered by a new foreign agent (belongs to the same group). Security and performance analyses show that the proposed scheme is secure and more efficient as compared with other competitive schemes for GLOMONET environments.
Drug residues in used syringes in Switzerland: A comparative study
Authors: Lefrançois Elodie , Augsburger Marc , Esseiva Pierre 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHarm reduction services, including needle‐exchange programmes, have been implemented in Switzerland for over 20 years. Their main aim is to lessen the negative social and/or physical consequences associated with illicit drug consumption and, therefore, improve prevention messages. To this end, knowledge of illicit drug consumption practices is necessary. Periodic self‐report surveys are the primary source of data for monitoring drug users’ behaviour. Analysis of residual content of used syringes can bring further and objective knowledge about consumed products through analytically confirmed data.Used syringes were sampled in 2 syringe‐exchange facilities in Lausanne. These structures are a bus where the users bring back their syringes (ABS) and an automatic injecting kit dispenser (AIKD). Once syringes were collected, a validated gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was implemented in order to detect drugs (licit or illicit) contained in the residual content of used syringes.Cocaine was the most common drug detected alone (39% in ABS and 31% in AIKD), followed by the simultaneous detection of heroin and cocaine (12% and 17%) and heroin and midazolam (12% and 17%). The differences between the illicit drugs distribution of used syringes collected in AIKD and ABS were not statistically significant.Analysis of residual content of used syringes as a monitoring tool is an original approach that has already led to a better understanding of the habits of drug‐injection users. Over the long term, this approach is a powerful tool to track and detect new consumption practices in a quasi‐real‐time.
Mitochondrial DNA of pre‐last glacial maximum red deer from NW Spain suggests a more complex phylogeographical history for the species
Authors: Rey‐Iglesia Alba , Grandal‐d'Anglade Aurora , Campos Paula F. , Hansen Anders Johannes 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe major climatic oscillations that characterized the Quaternary had a great influence on the evolution and distribution of several species. During cold periods, the distribution of temperate‐adapted species became fragmented with many surviving in southern refugia (Iberian, Italian, and Balkan Peninsulas). Red deer was one of the species that contracted its original range to southern refugia. Currently, two main lineages have been described for the species: western and eastern. We have analyzed fossils pre‐dating the last glacial maximum (LGM) from Liñares cave (NW Spain) that belongs to the peripheral range of the western clade, and fossils from the Danish Holocene belonging to the central part of the same clade. Phylogenetic analyses place our samples in the western clade. However, some specimens from Liñares represent an early split in the tree along with other pre‐LGM western samples from previous studies. Despite low bootstrap values in the Bayesian phylogenies, haplotype networks connect these foreign haplotypes to the eastern clade. We suggest a mixed phylogeographical model to explain this pattern with range expansions from the east during the expansion phase after the cold periods in marine isotope stage 3. We find slight isolation by distance in post‐LGM populations that could be a consequence of the recolonization from southern refugia after the LGM.
Fungi, feather damage, and risk of predation
Authors: Al Rubaiee Zaid , Al Murayati Haider , Nielsen Jan Tøttrup , Møller Anders Pape 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPredation is a powerful selective force with important effects on behavior, morphology, life history, and evolution of prey. Parasites may change body condition, health status, and ability to escape from or defend prey against predators. Once a prey individual has been detected, it can rely on a diversity of means of escape from the pursuit by the predator. Here we tested whether prey of a common raptor differed in terms of fungi from nonprey recorded at the same sites using the goshawk Accipiter gentilis and its avian prey as a model system. We found a positive association between the probability of falling prey to the raptor and the presence and the abundance of fungi. Birds with a specific composition of the community of fungi had higher probability of falling prey to a goshawk than individual hosts with fewer fungi. These findings imply that fungi may play a significant role in predator–prey interactions. The probability of having damaged feathers increased with the number of fungal colonies, and in particular the abundance of Myceliophthora verrucos and Schizophyllum sp. was positively related to the probability of having damaged feathers. In addition, we found a significant correlation between the rate of feather growth of goshawk prey with birds with more fungi being more likely to be depredated. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that survival and feather quality of birds are related to abundance and diversity of fungi.
Phoretic Poecilochirus mites specialize on their burying beetle hosts
Authors: Nehring Volker , Müller Josef K. , Steinmetz Nadine 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecurring species interactions can cause species to adapt to each other. Specialization will increase the fitness of symbionts in the coevolved association but may reduce the flexibility of symbiont choice as it will often decrease fitness in interactions with other than the main symbiont species. We analyzed the fitness interactions between a complex of two cryptic mite species and their sympatric burying beetle hosts in a European population. Poecilochirus mites (Mesostigmata, Parasitidae) are phoretic on burying beetles and reproduce alongside beetles, while these care for their offspring at vertebrate carcasses. While Poecilochirus carabi is typically found on Nicrophorus vespilloides beetles, P. necrophori is associated with N. vespillo. It has long been known that the mites discriminate between the two beetle species, but the fitness consequences of this choice remained unknown. We experimentally associated both mite species with both beetle species and found that mite fitness suffered when mites reproduced alongside a nonpreferred host. In turn, there is evidence that one of the beetle species is better able to cope with the mite species they are typically associated with. The overall fitness effect of mites on beetles was negative in our laboratory experiments. The Poecilochirus mites studied here are thus specialized competitors or parasites of burying beetles.