bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD49d shows superior performance characteristics for flow cytometric prognostic testing in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
Authors: Gooden Casey E. , Jones Patricia , Bates Ruth , Shallenberger Wendy M. , Surti Urvashi , Swerdlow Steven H. , Roth Christine G. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundCD49d is emerging as a powerful adverse prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). However, flow cytometric testing for CD49d has not yet been widely adopted in the United States, in part due to the lack of establishment of its performance characteristics in the clinical setting, especially in comparison with the more common CLL/SLL prognostic markers CD38 and ZAP‐70.MethodsCD49d expression levels in 124 CLL/SLL cases were assessed among peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM), and lymph node (LN) specimens and correlated with available CD38 and ZAP‐70 expression and cytogenetic findings. For 10 PB/BM specimens, the stability of CD49d, CD38, and ZAP‐70 expression was assessed at <24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours.Results39% (28 of 71) PB, 56% (18 of 32) BM, and 71% (15 of 21) LN involved by CLL/SLL were CD49d+, using a ≥30% threshold. The mean for the CD49d+ cases was 2.8 standard deviations (SD) above the cutoff for positivity, compared with 1.7 SD for CD38 and 1.1 SD for ZAP‐70. CD49d demonstrated the lowest mean SD (0.91) and coefficient of variation (CV) (8.0%) compared with CD38 (SD = 2.1, CV = 10.4%) and ZAP‐70 (SD = 9.8, CV = 40.5%) in stability studies over a 96‐hours time period. CD49d+ CLL/SLL correlated with trisomy 12 (P = 0.025) and lack of isolated deletion (13q) (P = 0.005). CD38+ CLL/SLL correlated with deletion (11q) (P = 0.025). ZAP‐70 did not correlate with any underlying cytogenetic abnormality.ConclusionsCD49d is a robust adverse prognostic marker in CLL/SLL with superior performance characteristics. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Plant regeneration from seeds responds to phylogenetic relatedness and local adaptation in Mediterranean Romulea (Iridaceae) species
Authors: Carta Angelino , Hanson Sarah , Müller Jonas V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSeed germination is the most important transitional event between early stages in the life cycle of spermatophytes and understanding it is crucial to understand plant adaptation and evolution. However, so far seed germination of phylogenetically closely related species has been poorly investigated. To test the hypothises that phylogenetically related plant species have similar seed ecophysiological traits thereby reflecting certain habitat conditions as a result of local adaptation, we studied seed dormancy and germination in seven Mediterranean species in the genus Romulea (Iridaceae). Both the across‐species model and the model accounting for shared evolutionary history showed that cool temperatures (≤ 15°C) were the main factor that promoted seed germination. The absence of embryo growth before radicle emergence is consistent with a prompt germination response at cool temperatures. The range of temperature conditions for germination became wider after a period of warm stratification, denoting a weak primary dormancy. Altogether these results indicate that the studied species exhibit a Mediterranean germination syndrome, but with species‐specific germination requirements clustered in a way that follows the phylogenetic relatedness among those species. In addition, species with heavier seeds from humid habitats showed a wider range of conditions for germination at dispersal time than species from dry habitats possessing lighter seeds. We conclude that while phylogenetically related species showed very similar germination requirements, there are subtle ecologically meaningful differences, confirming the onset of adaptation to local ecological factors mediated by species relatedness.
Blanching influences the phenolics composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effect of Adansonia digitata leaves extract on α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and aldose reductase
Authors: Irondi Emmanuel A. , Akintunde Jacob K. , Agboola Samson O. , Boligon Aline A. , Athayde Margareth L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAdansonia digitata (A. digitata) leaves serve as food and has several medicinal uses in many parts of the world. This study evaluated the influence of blanching on the phenolics composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effect of methanol extract of A. digitata leaves on the activities of some key enzymes (α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and aldose reductase) implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in vitro. Reverse‐phase HPLC analysis revealed that the leaves had appreciable levels of flavonoids and phenolic acids, including catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin (flavonoids); gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, and ellagic acids (phenolic acids). Blanching caused significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the flavonoids and phenolic acids contents; DPPH* (2,2 diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical) and ABTS*+ [2,2‐azinobis (3‐ethyl‐benzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation] scavenging ability; reducing power; and Fe2+‐induced lipid peroxidation inhibitory capacity of the extract. Similarly, the inhibitory effect of the extract on the activities of α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and aldose reductase was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced due to blanching. Thus, A. digitata leaves extract could be effective for the management of T2D due to its flavonoids and phenolic acids content, antioxidant properties, and inhibitory potency on the activities of α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and aldose reductase. However, blanching militated against the levels of these functional attributes of the leaves and, therefore, may not be recommended for their optimal retention.
Reciprocal white matter alterations due to 16p11.2 chromosomal deletions versus duplications
Authors: Chang Yi Shin , Owen Julia P. , Pojman Nicholas J. , Thieu Tony , Bukshpun Polina , Wakahiro Mari L.J. , Marco Elysa J. , Berman Jeffrey I. , Spiro John E. , Chung Wendy K. , Buckner Randy L. , Roberts Timothy P.L. , Nagarajan Srikantan S. , Sherr Elliott H. , Mukherjee Pratik 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCopy number variants at the 16p11.2 chromosomal locus are associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, and speech and language disorders. A gene dosage dependence has been suggested, with 16p11.2 deletion carriers demonstrating higher body mass index and head circumference, and 16p11.2 duplication carriers demonstrating lower body mass index and head circumference. Here, we use diffusion tensor imaging to elucidate this reciprocal relationship in white matter organization, showing widespread increases of fractional anisotropy throughout the supratentorial white matter in pediatric deletion carriers and, in contrast, extensive decreases of white matter fractional anisotropy in pediatric and adult duplication carriers. We find associations of these white matter alterations with cognitive and behavioral impairments. We further demonstrate the value of imaging metrics for characterizing the copy number variant phenotype by employing linear discriminant analysis to predict the gene dosage status of the study subjects. These results show an effect of 16p11.2 gene dosage on white matter microstructure, and further suggest that opposite changes in diffusion tensor imaging metrics can lead to similar cognitive and behavioral deficits. Given the large effect sizes found in this study, our results support the view that specific genetic variations are more strongly associated with specific brain alterations than are shared neuropsychiatric diagnoses. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2833–2848, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oligometastases in AJCC stage IVc nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A subset with better overall survival
Authors: Tian Yun‐hong , Zou Wen‐hui , Xiao Wei‐wei , Zeng Lei , Yuan Xia , Bai Li , Lu Taixiang , Tian Yunming , Han Fei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns of metastasis and therapeutic approaches in American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IVc nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsA retrospective analysis of 263 patients with stage IVc NPC revealed the incidence of bone, liver, and lung metastases was 67.7%, 32.3%, and 16.0%, respectively. All patients received chemotherapy; 160 patients received radiotherapy (RT) to the primary tumor.ResultsThe factors associated with poor overall survival (OS) were Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) ≤70, liver metastasis, multiple‐organ metastasis, ≥6 lesions, no RT to the primary tumor, and <4 chemotherapy cycles. Two subgroups of M1 disease were divided into: M1a (oligometastases) = single‐organ metastases or 1 to 5 lesions; and M1b = multiple‐organ metastases or ≥6 lesions. The 5‐year OS rates for M1a and M1b were 38.7% versus 7.0%, respectively.ConclusionPatients with oligometastases have significantly better OS than patients with widespread metastases. Long‐term disease‐free survival can be achieved in selected patients with oligometastases after systemic chemotherapy and definitive RT. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1152–1157, 2016
Estimation of pollutant unit load of paddy fields with and without a rainfall factor
Authors: Choi Dong‐Ho , Yoon Kwang‐Sik , Choi Woo‐Jung , Yoo Seung‐Hwan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe new guideline of the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) method for unit load estimation suggested using long‐term average annual precipitation, representative event mean concentrations (EMCs) of pollutants and runoff ratio in Korea. The guideline also suggested estimating the runoff ratio and EMCs for rainfall groups (0–10, 10–30, 30–50, above 50 mm) and rainfall weighting factor, to give a representative runoff ratio and EMC of a pollutant. The objective of this study is to evaluate the method suggested by the NIER. In this study, a 5‐year intensive field monitoring was carried out to determine pollutant load from paddy fields. The observed average annual pollutant losses from the studied paddy fields were compared to the unit load determined by three different methods. Overall, the method using the NIER guideline produced similar results to the method using arithmetic mean runoff ratio and EMC, which had been used for previous unit load determination. Meanwhile, the study revealed that estimation of unit load by the NIER method was closer to the observed unit load of pollutant from paddy fields than that by the method using EMCs from log‐normal and gamma distribution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approach to the diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias: Experience at a center with limited resources
Authors: Kumar Manisha , Thakur Seema , Haldar Arunima , Anand Rama 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeA fetus with skeletal disorder poses diagnostic challenges in a resource‐poor setting with limited management options. The objective of the study was to develop a step‐by‐step approach for the diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia in light of the limited resources available.MethodsAn algorithmic approach was used. The assessment for lethality was the first step, followed by the evaluation for fractures. In cases without evidence of fracture, severe constriction of thorax or associated polydactyly were searched for. In cases without severe thoracic constriction, the severity of micromelia was evaluated. After delivery, fetal examination was done to ascertain the etiology.ResultsDuring the 6‐year period, 41 cases with shortened long bones were fully evaluated. Lethality was suspected in 30 cases. Fracture and beading were present in eight cases, and severe thoracic constriction with polydactyly was observed in seven cases. Mild micromelia was seen in 19 cases and severe micromelia in 7 cases. Among lethal skeletal dysplasias, thanatophoric dysplasia was most common (six cases). Among nonlethal skeletal dysplasias, achondroplasia was seen in eight cases.ConclusionsLethality of skeletal dysplasia could be predicted on prenatal ultrasound with 100% accuracy. The step‐by‐step approach was helpful to characterize skeletal dysplasias. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:529–539, 2016
Physicochemical Properties of Hydrophobically Modified Polymeric Betaines and of Their Langmuir‐Blodgett Films
Authors: Seliverstova Evgeniya V. , Ibrayev Niyaz Kh. , Shakhvorostov Alexey V. , Nuraje Nurxat , Kudaibergenov Sarkyt E. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryPolymeric betaines containing long alkyl chains (C12H25, C13H27, C14H29, C16H33 and C18H37) were synthesized by Michael addition reaction of alkylaminocrotonates and methacrylic acid. They were characterized by FTIR, 13C NMR, DLS, TEM, viscometry and zeta‐potential measurements. In aqueous KOH and DMSO solutions the hydrophobically modified polymeric betaines behave polyelectrolyte character. The average hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of diluted aqueous solutions of hydrophobic polybetaines containing tetradecyl‐ and octadecyl groups were studied as a function of pH. Anomalous low values of the isoelectric point (IEP) of amphoteric macromolecules were found to be in the range of pH 2.7–3.4. The TEM results revealed that in both aqueous KOH and DMSO media the nano‐ and microsized micelles and vesicles are existed. The structural organization of micelles and vesicles in water and water − DMSO mixture is discussed. Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) monolayers on the water‐air interface were obtained by spreading of hydrophobic polybetaines containing tetradecyl‐ and octadecyl groups dissolved in THF on the subphase surface. The LB films on the subphase surface are characterized by the specific areas of 0.6 ± 0.05 nm2 · monomeric unit−1 at collapsed state. In the spectra of Langmuir‐Blodgett film the absorption band with the maximum at 255 and 270 nm was observed.
Catalytic Properties of Polyvanadate Xerogels Supported to Anatase in Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide and Oxidation of o‐Xylene
Authors: Yesmurzayeva Nurlykyz , Malibekova Assem , Selenova Bagadat 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe present work deals with evaluation of the catalytic properties of polyvanadate xerogels deposited on titanium dioxide (anatase). Xerogels of polyvanadates in the form of nanofibers were obtained by sol‐gel method. The average sizes of polyvanadate nanoparticles in aqueous solution determined by DLS were equal to 7 and 50 nm. TEM results reveal the formation of nanostructured thin layers of polyvanadates on the surface of TiO2 particles. The catalytic properties of polyvanadates deposited on the surface of anatase by impregnation method were studied with respect to decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and oxidation of o‐xylene under mild conditions.
Reliability of Pressure Ulcer Rates: How Precisely Can We Differentiate Among Hospital Units, and Does the Standard Signal‐Noise Reliability Measure Reflect This Precision?
Authors: Staggs Vincent S. , Cramer Emily 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHospital performance reports often include rankings of unit pressure ulcer rates. Differentiating among units on the basis of quality requires reliable measurement. Our objectives were to describe and apply methods for assessing reliability of hospital‐acquired pressure ulcer rates and evaluate a standard signal‐noise reliability measure as an indicator of precision of differentiation among units. Quarterly pressure ulcer data from 8,199 critical care, step‐down, medical, surgical, and medical‐surgical nursing units from 1,299 US hospitals were analyzed. Using beta‐binomial models, we estimated between‐unit variability (signal) and within‐unit variability (noise) in annual unit pressure ulcer rates. Signal‐noise reliability was computed as the ratio of between‐unit variability to the total of between‐ and within‐unit variability. To assess precision of differentiation among units based on ranked pressure ulcer rates, we simulated data to estimate the probabilities of a unit's observed pressure ulcer rate rank in a given sample falling within five and ten percentiles of its true rank, and the probabilities of units with ulcer rates in the highest quartile and highest decile being identified as such. We assessed the signal‐noise measure as an indicator of differentiation precision by computing its correlations with these probabilities. Pressure ulcer rates based on a single year of quarterly or weekly prevalence surveys were too susceptible to noise to allow for precise differentiation among units, and signal‐noise reliability was a poor indicator of precision of differentiation. To ensure precise differentiation on the basis of true differences, alternative methods of assessing reliability should be applied to measures purported to differentiate among providers or units based on quality. © 2016 The Authors. Research in Nursing & Health published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Impact of maternal obesity and race/ethnicity on perinatal outcomes: Independent and joint effects
Authors: Snowden Jonathan M. , Mission John F. , Marshall Nicole E. , Quigley Brian , Main Elliott , Gilbert William M. , Chung Judith H. , Caughey Aaron B. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveIndependent and joint impacts of maternal race/ethnicity and obesity on adverse birth outcomes, including pre‐eclampsia, low birth weight, and macrosomia, were characterized.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of all 2007 California births was conducted using vital records and claims data. Maternal race/ethnicity and maternal body mass index (BMI) were the key exposures; their independent and joint impact on outcomes using regression models was analyzed.ResultsRacial/ethnic minority women of normal weight generally had higher risk as compared with white women of normal weight (e.g., African‐American women, pre‐eclampsia adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48‐1.74 vs. white women). However, elevated BMI did not usually confer additional risk (e.g., pre‐eclampsia aOR comparing African‐American women with excess weight with white women with excess weight, 1.17, 95% CI: 0.89‐1.54). Obesity was a risk factor for low birth weight only among white women (excess weight aOR, 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.49 vs. white women of normal weight) and not among racial/ethnic minority women (e.g., African‐American women, 0.95, 95% CI: 0.83‐1.08).ConclusionsThese findings add nuance to our understanding of the interplay between maternal race/ethnicity, BMI, and perinatal outcomes. While the BMI/adverse outcome gradient appears weaker in racial/ethnic minority women, this reflects the overall risk increase in racial/ethnic minority women of all body sizes.
Epidemiology of lactic acidosis in type 2 diabetes patients with metformin in Japan
Authors: Chang Chia‐Hsien , Sakaguchi Motonobu , Dolin Paul 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the incidence of lactic acidosis (LA) and role of metformin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with anti‐diabetes drugs.MethodsThis retrospective propensity score matched cohort study was conducted using the Japanese Medical Data Vision claims database. T2DM patients aged 18 or above who received diabetes drugs during January 2010 through August 2014 were identified. Cases of LA were identified based on reimbursement codes and confirmed by lactic acid test and subsequent treatment by hemodialysis or intravenous sodium bicarbonate. Poisson regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the incidence and assess if metformin use was associated with increased risk of LA.ResultsThirty cases of LA were identified among 283 491 treated T2DM patients with 504 169 patient‐years of follow‐up. Crude incidence of LA was 5.95 per 100 000 patient‐years. T2DM patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were seven‐fold more likely to develop LA than those without CKD (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 7.33, 95%CI, 3.17–16.96). Use of metformin was not associated with risk of LA in the study population (aHR, 0.92, 95%CI, 0.33–2.55), and in the propensity score matched cohort (aHR, 0.90, 95%CI, 0.26–3.11). Similar findings were observed among diabetes patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and CKD. The age‐sex adjusted incidence rates in metformin users and non‐users were 5.80 and 5.78 per 100 000 person‐years, respectively (Incidence rate ratio, 1.00, p = 0.99).ConclusionsThis study found that use of metformin was not associated with increased risk of LA in diabetic patients including those with CKD or CLD. © 2016 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Lipase catalysed conversion of triglycerides to amides in liquid ammonia
Authors: Griffin Joseph M. , Atherton John H. , Page Michael I. , Powles Nicholas T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractImmobilised lipase B (Candida antarctica lipase B) is, perhaps unexpectedly, catalytically active in liquid ammonia and exhibits chain length selectivity in the ammonolysis of triglycerides. Using glycerol triacetate as the substrate, the ammonolysis of only the first ester linkage is catalysed by the enzyme, whereas for glycerol tributyrate, the cleavage of all three ester groups is catalysed and converted to the corresponding amide. These observations represent the first example of the use of enzymes in pure liquid ammonia, exemplifying both catalysis and selectivity. Glycerol trioleate is relatively stable in liquid ammonia but, with Candida antarctica lipase B present, readily undergoes ammonolysis to give oleamide and glycerol even at 25 °C. There is no enzyme‐catalysed ammonolysis with the native lipase as it is insoluble in liquid ammonia. The solvolysis of triglycerides in liquid ammonia occurs by a stepwise conversion of the triester to diester to monoester to glycerol with one equivalent of carboxylic acid amide produced at each stage. The pseudo first‐order rate constants for each of the three steps of the uncatalysed ammonolysis of triglycerides in liquid ammonia decrease with increasing alkyl chain length in the carboxyl residue as expected from a small steric effect. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
End‐group functionalization and postpolymerization modification of helical poly(isocyanide)s
Authors: Croom Anna , Tarallo Rossella , Weck Marcus 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis contribution presents the synthesis of helical alkyne‐terminated polymers using a functionalized Nickel complex to initiate the polymerization of menthylphenyl isocyanides. The resulting polymers display low dispersities and controlled molecular weights. Copper‐catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC) are performed to attach various azide‐containing compounds to the polymer termini. After azido‐phosphonate moiety attachment the polymer displays a signal at 25.4 ppm in the 31P NMR spectrum demonstrating successful end‐group functionalization. End‐group functionalization of a fluorescent dye allows to determine the functionalization yield as 89% (±8). Successful ligation of an azide‐functionalized peptide sequence (MKLA = 1547 g/mol) increases the Mn from 5100 for the parent polymer to 6700 for the bioconjugate as visualized by GPC chromatography. Analysis by CD spectroscopy confirms that the helical conformation of the poly(isocyanide) block in the peptide–polymer conjugate is maintained after postpolymerization modification. These results demonstrate an easy, generalizable, and versatile strategy toward mono‐telechelic helical polymers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2766–2773