bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layer thickness impact on the capacity of poly(urethaneimide) for sorbing toxic gases
Authors: Kolev Iliyan , Alexieva Gergana , Strashilov Vesselin , Youssef Ismail Ben , Sarry Frederic , Alem Halima 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe sensitivity of a thick layer (500 nm) of poly(urethaneimide) to toxic gases such as pyridine and hexamethyleneimine was studied by the quartz crystal microbalance method. The resonant frequency was registered by a spectrum analyzer. The successful overcoming of the unfavorable impact of the increased viscous damping, typical for the standard oscillator measurement method, allowed complete understanding of the behavior of a thick polymer layer toward highly pollutant gases. Quantitative information for polymer adsorption capacity and gas diffusivity was extracted. The comparison with our recent results for thinner layers revealed strong dependence on layer thickness for pyridine whereas the corresponding effect with hexamethyleneimine was found much less significant. Intermolecular interactions and the impact of the gas physical adsorption on the polymer matrix properties were shown as the driving parameters for the sensors response. The thickness dependence provides a tool for tuning the sensitivity of a potentially efficient poly(urethaneimide) sensor for pyridine. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44214.
Controlling micro‐ and nanofibrillar morphology of polymer blends in low‐speed melt spinning process. Part III: Fibrillation mechanism of PLA/PVA blends along the spinline
Authors: Tran Nguyen Hoai An , Brünig Harald , Auf der Landwehr Maria , Heinrich Gert 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe effects of spinning conditions on the fibrillation process of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer blends in an elongational flow within the fiber formation zone are systematically and thoroughly investigated. By considering the relationship between the changes in filament parameters with the focus on the maximum axial strain rate (ASR) and tensile stress at maximum ASR and the morphological evolution of the dispersed PLA phase along the spinline, the fibrillation process from rod‐like to nanofibrillar structures of the dispersed PLA phase in a binary blend with PVA matrix is elucidated. The final morphology of the dispersed PLA phase in PLA/PVA blends is controlled by the changes in the spinning conditions. The lengths and diameters of the PLA fibrils are caused not only by the deformation of their initial sizes but also by the combination of the deformation, coalescence, and break‐up process. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44259.
Facile fabrication of double‐walled polymeric hollow spheres with independent temperature and pH dual‐responsiveness for synergetic drug delivery
Authors: Cheng Nan , Wang Yu , Wu Feipeng 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTA dual‐responsive double‐walled polymeric hollow sphere (PHS) serving as a candidate for synergetic drug delivery platform is prepared by a simple and green template polymerization in aqueous medium. The PHS, comprised of thermo‐responsive crosslinked poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) as the inner shell and pH‐responsive crosslinked poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAAc) as the outer shell, is assembled through self‐removal of the thermo‐responsive template from a core‐triple shell structure by free radical polymerization with sequential addition of reactants. The discrete double‐shell structure renders the PHS independent temperature and pH‐controlled swelling/shrinking capability. Taking the advantage of two compartmentalized internal spaces (the core and the interlayer spaces) with independent temperature‐ and pH‐dependent behaviors, two model drugs representing the small molecule and the macromolecule are loaded in selective locations of the PHS. Two drugs show dramatically different release profiles according to environmental temperature and pH, due to the localization of drugs and the stimuli‐dependent property of its protective shells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44335.
Lesinurad Combined With Allopurinol: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study in Gout Patients With an Inadequate Response to Standard‐of‐Care Allopurinol (a US‐Based Study)
Authors: Saag Kenneth G. , Fitz‐Patrick David , Kopicko Jeff , Fung Maple , Bhakta Nihar , Adler Scott , Storgard Chris , Baumgartner Scott , Becker Michael A. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveLesinurad is a selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor used for the treatment of gout in combination with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. The Combining Lesinurad with Allopurinol Standard of Care in Inadequate Responders (CLEAR 1) study, a 12‐month, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase III trial, was conducted to investigate daily lesinurad (200 mg or 400 mg orally) added to allopurinol versus placebo plus allopurinol in patients with serum urate (UA) levels above a target of <6.0 mg/dl.MethodsPatients receiving ≥300 mg of allopurinol (≥200 mg in those with moderate renal impairment) who had serum UA levels ≥6.5 mg/dl at screening and ≥2 gout flares during the previous year were studied. The primary end point was the proportion of patients achieving a serum UA level of <6.0 mg/dl at month 6. Key secondary end points were the mean gout flare rate requiring treatment (months 7–12) and the proportions of patients with complete resolution of ≥1 target tophus (month 12). Safety assessments included adverse events and laboratory data.ResultsThe study patients (n = 603) were predominantly male and had a mean ± SD age of 51.9 ± 11.3 years, a gout duration of 11.8 ± 9.4 years, a baseline serum UA level of 6.94 ± 1.27 mg/dl, and were receiving an allopurinol dosage of 306.6 ± 59.58 mg/day. Lesinurad at doses of 200 mg or 400 mg added to allopurinol therapy significantly increased the proportions of patients who achieved serum UA target levels by month 6 as compared with those receiving allopurinol alone (54.2%, 59.2%, and 27.9%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Lesinurad was not significantly superior to allopurinol alone in terms of the secondary end points: rates of gout flares and complete resolution of tophi. Lesinurad was generally well‐tolerated; the safety profile of the 200‐mg dose was comparable to that of allopurinol alone, except for higher incidences of predominantly reversible elevations of serum creatinine levels.ConclusionLesinurad added to allopurinol provided benefit as compared with allopurinol alone in reducing serum UA levels and represents a new treatment option for patients needing additional urate‐lowering therapy.
Reduced Osteoarthritis Severity in Aged Mice With Deletion of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor
Authors: Rowe Meredith A. , Harper Lindsey R. , McNulty Margaret A. , Lau Anthony G. , Carlson Cathy S. , Leng Lin , Bucala Richard J. , Miller Richard A. , Loeser Richard F. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is elevated in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). This study was undertaken to investigate the potential role of MIF in OA in human joint tissues and in vivo in mice with age‐related and surgically induced OA.MethodsMIF in conditioned media from human chondrocytes and meniscal cells and from cartilage explants was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The severity of OA was analyzed histologically in male wild‐type and MIF−/− mice at 12 and 22 months of age and following destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery in 12‐week‐old MIF−/− mice as well as in wild‐type mice treated with a neutralizing MIF antibody. Synovial hyperplasia was graded in S100A8‐immunostained histologic sections. Bone morphometric parameters were measured by micro–computed tomography.ResultsHuman OA chondrocytes secreted 3‐fold higher levels of MIF than normal chondrocytes, while normal and OA meniscal cells produced equivalent amounts. Compared to age‐ and strain‐matched controls, the cartilage, bone, and synovium in older adult mice with MIF deletion were protected against changes of naturally occurring age‐related OA. No protection against DMM‐induced OA was seen in young adult MIF−/− mice or in wild‐type mice treated with anti‐MIF. Increased bone density in 8‐week‐old mice with MIF deletion was not maintained at 12 months.ConclusionThese results demonstrate a differential mechanism in the pathogenesis of naturally occurring age‐related OA compared to injury‐induced OA. The inhibition of MIF may represent a novel therapeutic target in the reduction of the severity of age‐related OA.
Formlogik an Brücken – Teil 2
Authors: Kleiser Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDer allgemeine Trend im konzeptionellen Brückenentwurf zur Wahl dauerhafter, fugenloser Rahmensysteme erfordert nicht nur vertiefte, statisch konstruktive Überlegungen zur Kraft‐ und Momentenweiterleitung vom Überbau in den Unterbau, sondern auch erweiterte Betrachtungen hinsichtlich einer ganzheitlich ästhetischen Lösung. Um zu authentischen Entwürfen zu gelangen, muss eine Kohärenz zwischen der Form der Brücke und dem ihr zugrunde liegenden statischen System erkennbar sein. In diesem Aufsatz werden Formüberlegungen von biegesteifen Stützenanschlüssen an Überbauten einerseits als zusammenhängende, kontinuierlich wirkende und anderseits als getrennt wirkende Funktionseinheiten erläutert. Anschließend wird auf die Sonderstellung der eingespannten Rundstütze und deren Anwendungsgrenzen sowie auf hybride Stützenanschlüsse eingegangen. Dem planenden Ingenieur werden Anregungen zum Brückenentwurf über seine ingenieurtechnische Kernaufgabe hinaus hin zu einer ingeniösen Herangehensweise gegeben, mit dem Ziel, bewusst Verantwortung als Gestalter unseres Lebensraums übernehmen zu können. Die Formüberlegungen werden mit Beispielen untermauert.
Developmental trajectories of emotional disengagement from schoolwork and their longitudinal associations in England
Authors: Symonds Jennifer , Schoon Ingrid , Salmela‐Aro Katariina 
Published: August 2016

This study identified the varied ways in which emotional disengagement from schoolwork typically developed between 14 and 16 years of age, in the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England. Using growth mixture modelling we found eight main trajectories of (dis)engagement, with four trajectories of either increasing or stable emotional disengagement with schoolwork (41% of the sample). Using propensity score matching to create groups balanced on a wide range of covariates at Wave 1, we compared disengaged students to their engaged counterparts to identify the longitudinal effects of disengagement‐trajectory membership on behavioural engagement, psychological wellbeing, substance use, career pathways and achievement. Using linear and binary logistic regressions, we established that students in disengagement trajectories developed lower achievement across compulsory secondary school, and participated less in education and more in employment at age 17 years. In young adulthood (age 19–20 years) they were less likely to attend university and more likely to be unemployed. During secondary schooling, they developed higher levels of substance use and poorer psychological wellbeing, which persisted in the year after compulsory school. However, in young adulthood, the differences in substance use dissipated and students in most of the disengagement trajectories had relatively similar life satisfaction to their counterparts. These findings suggest that students (except perhaps those who became unemployed) were able to develop healthily and happily after leaving the schoolwork environments from which they were emotionally disengaged.
Helices with additional H‐bonds: crystallographic conformations of α,γ‐hybrid peptides helices composed of β‐hydroxy γ‐amino acids (statines)
Authors: Malik Ankita , Kumar Mothukuri Ganesh , Bandyopadhyay Anupam , Gopi Hosahudya N. 
Published: August 2016

Abstractβ‐Hydroxy‐γ‐amino acids (Statines) are a class of naturally occurring non‐ribosomal amino acids frequently found in many peptide natural products. Peptidomimetics constituted with statines have been used as inhibitors for various aspartic acid proteases. In contrast to the synthetic γ‐amino acids, very little is known about the folding behavior of these naturally occurring β‐hydroxy γ‐amino acids. To understand the folding behavior of statines, three α,γ‐hybrid peptides P1 (Ac‐Aib‐γPhe‐Aib‐(R, S)Phesta‐Aib‐γPhe‐Aib‐CONH2), P2 (Ac‐Aib‐γPhe‐Aib‐(S, S)Phesta‐Aib‐γPhe‐Aib‐CONH2), and P3 (Ac‐Aib‐γPhe‐Aib‐(S, S)Phesta‐Aib‐(S, S)Phesta‐Aib‐CONH2) were synthesized on solid phase and their helical conformations in single crystals were studied. Results suggest that both syn and anti diastereoisomers of statines can be accommodated into the helix without deviating overall helical conformation of α,γ‐hybrid peptides. In comparison with syn diastereoisomer, the anti diastereoisomer was found to be directly involved in the intramolecular H‐bonding with the backbone carbonyl groups (i to i + 3) similar to the backbone amide NHs in the helix.
Randomized clinical trial comparing surgery, endovenous laser ablation and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy for the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins
Authors: Venermo M , Saarinen J , Eskelinen E , Vähäaho S , Saarinen E , Railo M , Uurto I , Salenius J , Albäck A ,   the Finnish Venous Study Collaborators, Suominen V P , Vikatmaa P , Aho P , Lepäntalo M , Halmesmäki K , Laukontaus S , Weselius E M , Vuorisalo S 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Endovenous ablation techniques and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) have largely replaced open surgery for treatment of great saphenous varicose veins. This was a randomized trial to compare the effect of surgery, endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) (with phlebectomies) and UGFS on quality of life and the occlusion rate of the great saphenous vein (GSV) 12 months after surgery.

Methods
Patients with symptomatic, uncomplicated varicose veins (CEAP class C2–C4) were examined at baseline, 1 month and 1 year. Before discharge and at 1 week, patients reported a pain score on a visual analogue scale. Preoperative and 1-year assessments included duplex ultrasound imaging and the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Severity Score (AVVSS).

Results
The study included 214 patients: 65 had surgery, 73 had EVLA and 76 had UGFS. At 1 year, the GSV was occluded or absent in 59 (97 per cent) of 61 patients after surgery, 71 (97 per cent) of 73 after EVLA and 37 (51 per cent) of 72 after UGFS (P &lt; 0·001). The AVVSS improved significantly in comparison with preoperative values in all groups, with no significant differences between them. Perioperative pain was significantly reduced and sick leave shorter after UGFS (mean 1 day) than after EVLA (8 days) and surgery (12 days).

Conclusion
In comparison with open surgery and EVLA, UGFS resulted in equivalent improvement in quality of life but significantly higher residual GSV reflux at 12-month follow-up.
BioCatNet: A Database System for the Integration of Enzyme Sequences and Biocatalytic Experiments
Authors: Buchholz Patrick C. F. , Vogel Constantin , Reusch Waldemar , Pohl Martina , Rother Dörte , Spieß Antje C. , Pleiss Jürgen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe development of novel enzymes for biocatalytic processes requires knowledge on substrate profile and selectivity; this can be derived from databases and from publications. Often, these sources lack time‐course data for the substrate or product, and an unambiguous link between experiment and enzyme sequence. The lack of integrated, original data hampers the comprehensive analysis of enzyme kinetics and the evaluation of sequence–function relationships. In order to accelerate enzyme engineering, BioCatNet integrates protein sequence, protein structure, and experimental data for a given enzyme family. BioCatNet explicitly assigns the enzyme sequence to the experimental data, which consists of information on reaction conditions and time‐course data. BioCatNet facilitates the consistent documentation of reaction conditions, the archiving of time‐course data, and the efficient exchange of experimental data among collaborators. Data integration is demonstrated for three case studies by using the TEED (Thiamine diphosphate‐dependent Enzymes Engineering Database).
Importance of genetic testing in global health during the evaluation of familial microcephaly
Authors: Molinero Isaac , Broman‐Fulks Jordan , Lyons Michael J. , Matheus Maria Gisele , Chaubey Alka , DuPont Barbara R. , Friez Michael J. , Skinner Steve A. , Holden Kenton R. 
Published: August 2016

Key Clinical MessageA focused genetic workup is useful in determining the cause of familial microcephaly, especially in the setting of mildly different phenotypes. As illustrated by this case from an impoverished international urban location, one must not assume the etiology for the apparent familial microcephaly is the same for all affected members.
Ultrasmall Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Anchored on Three‐Dimensional Hierarchical Porous Graphene‐like Networks for High Rate Capability Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Zhiping , Zhang Haiyan , Chen Yiming , Li Zhenghui , Li Yunyong , Luo Tao , Wu Qibai , Xu Yawen , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAn ultrasmall Fe2O3 nanoparticle/three‐dimensional hierarchical porous graphene‐like (Fe2O3/3D HPG) composite has been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method, which is investigated as a high performance electrode material for supercapacitors. In the composite, the ultra‐small‐sized Fe2O3 nanoparticles, with an average size of approximately 5 nm, are uniformly distributed on the 3D HPG substrate. The as‐prepared Fe2O3/3D HPG composite electrode exhibits good electrochemical performance with a maximum specific capacitance of 967 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 in the three‐electrode system in 2.0 mol L−1 KOH aqueous solution, and an outstanding rate capability (74 % capacitance retention at 30 A g−1). In addition, the composite electrode also exhibits an excellent cycling performance with 92 % capacitance retention of the initial capacity after 5000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1.
Simple Isocratic HPLC Method for Determination of Enantiomeric Impurity in Besifloxacin Hydrochloride
Authors: Kumar G. Pradeep , Srivastava Vishal , Khandelwal Kiran , Kumar Rajesh , Hiriyanna S.G. , Kumar Ajay , Kumar Pramod 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBesifloxacin is a unique chiral broad‐spectrum flouroquinolone used in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. R‐form of besifloxacin hydrochloride shows higher antibacterial activity as compared to the S‐isomer. Therefore, it is necessary to establish chiral purity. To establish chiral purity a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of R‐besifloxacin and S‐besifloxacin (BES impurity A) was developed and validated for in‐process quality control and stability studies. The analytical performance parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, limit of detection (LOD), and lower limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined according to International Council for Harmonization ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. HPLC separation was achieved on Chiralpak AD‐H (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using n‐heptane: ethanol: ethylenediamine: acetic acid (800:200:0.5:0.5) (v/v/v/v) as the mobile phase in an isocratic elution. The eluents were monitored by UV/Visible detector at 290 nm. The resolution between S‐isomer and besifloxacin hydrochloride was more than 2.0. Based on a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 and 10 the LOD of besifloxacin was 0.30 μg/mL, while the LOQ was 0.90 μg/mL. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.9–7.5 μg/mL. Precision of the method was established within the acceptable range. The method was suitable for the quality control enantiomeric impurity in besifloxacin hydrochloride. Chirality 28:628–632, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Air‐blown bubbling fluidized bed co‐gasification of woody biomass and refuse derived fuel
Authors: Robinson Travis , Bronson Benjamin , Gogolek Peter , Mehrani Poupak 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAir‐blown auto‐thermal bubbling fluidized bed gasification of refuse derived fuel (RDF) and wood pellet mixtures was investigated at 725 °C, 800 °C, and 875 °C. Gasification of mixtures containing RDF at 875 °C resulted in agglomeration of bed material, which prevented steady state operation of the gasifier. Results from the analysis of produced gases, equivalence ratios, and feed rates, did not indicate significant interactions between the two different types of fuel pellets during gasification. RDF was found to yield more tar than wood pellets, but wood pellets tended to produce more problematic tar compounds. Only small variations in the lower heating value of produced gases were observed, though a greater portion of the heating value of the gases produced with RDF was provided by C2 and C3 hydrocarbons.
Optimisation de la stabilité d'une émulsion de Pickering H/E à l'aide de la méthodologie des surfaces de réponses
Authors: Touzouirt Saida , Limani Chimci , Oukaci Fetta , Ahmed Zaïd Toudert , Nabiev Mais 
Published: August 2016

RésuméL’émulsion est une forme très répandue dans les applications pharmaceutiques et cosmétiques, et les tensio‐actifs synthétiques utilisés pour stabiliser ce système dispersé posent un problème écologique. L’émulsion stabilisée par des particules solides (émulsion de Pickering) vient pour régler ce problème.Cette étude vise à réduire la teneur en tensio‐actif dans les formulations des émulsions pharmaceutiques et cosmétiques.La stabilité physique (stabilité au crémage) d'une émulsion de Pickering H/E utilisant des particules solides de bentonite en combinaison avec un tensio‐actif cationique (CTAB) et en présence de sel (NaCl) a été optimisée à l'aide de la méthodologie des surfaces de réponses.Les résultats montrent qu'une teneur de 7 % de particules solides en présence de faibles concentrations en tensio‐actif cationique (CTAB, 0.02 %) et en sel (NaCl, 0.015 mol/L) permet d'obtenir une stabilité physique satisfaisante après 22 mois de vieillissement.En outre, la température qui a une influence directe sur la viscosité du milieu lors de la préparation, est déterminante pour l'obtention d'une émulsion stable. Ainsi, une émulsion de Pickering préparée à 50 °C montre une stabilité comparable à celle d'une émulsion préparée à 20 °C et contenant deux fois plus d'agents stabilisants.
Oxidation of aqueous organic pollutants using a stable copper nanoparticle suspension
Authors: Kalidhasan Sethu , Ben‐Sasson Moshe , Dror Ishai , Carmieli Raanan , Schuster Elaine M. , Berkowitz Brian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMany applications of copper nanoparticles (Cu‐NPs) have been suggested in recent years, although the potential for use of Cu‐NPs in water treatment processes has received relatively little attention. This work highlights the preparation, characterization, and application of polyethylenimine capped copper nanoparticles for use in oxidative degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions; atrazine was selected as a representative pollutant. A stable aqueous Cu‐NP suspension was prepared, with polyethylenimine (PEI) as capping agent, under ambient conditions. The Cu:PEI ratio during Cu‐NP synthesis has a significant influence on nanoparticle properties as well as on the degradation of atrazine. The synthesized Cu‐NPs, which comprised a mixture of Cu0 and Cu2O, induced rapid atrazine degradation (> 99 % in 1 h) and significantly superior performance over commercial nano‐copper oxide powder. Mechanistic insight into the atrazine degradation, via electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements, demonstrated (i) that significant hydroxyl radicals were generated only in the presence of Cu‐NPs, (ii) longevity of radical generation, and (iii) regeneration of hydroxide radicals. The efficiency of the Cu‐NPs applied to oxidative degradation was further demonstrated on eight other representative organic water pollutants.