bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of sex, age, and body height on the pulmonary vascular permeability index – a prospective observational study
Authors: Mihatsch Lorenz L. , Friederich Patrick 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) is a quotient of the extravascular lung water (EVLW) and the pulmonary blood volume (PBV). In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the alveolar-capillary membrane integrity is disrupted. The result is a disproportionate increase of EVLW compared to the PBV and, hence, an increase in PVPI. Thus, PVPI has repetitively been discussed to extend the definition of ARDS. Besides sex, the influence of other anthropometric variables on PVPI has not been studied so far. However, since it is known that EVLW depends on body height and sex, we hypothesize that PVPI depends on anthropometric variables as well. This prospective single-center observational study included 1533 TPTD measurements of 251 non-critically ill patients (50.6% men) undergoing elective neuro-, thoracic, or abdominal surgery at the Munich Clinic Bogenhausen of the Technical University of Munich. Multivariate regressions were used to measure the influence of sex, age, and body height on PVPI. In all patients, PVPI was significantly higher in women (P < 0.001), with 34.4% having a PVPI > 2 compared to 15.9% of men. Mean PVPI significantly decreased with height (P < 0.001) and age (P < 0.001). Multivariate regressions allowed the calculation of mean reference surfaces. The 95th percentile surface for PVPI was > 3 for small and young women and well above 2 for all but tall and elderly men. In patients who underwent (lung reduction) thoracic surgery, the PVPI before and after surgery did not differ significantly (P = 0.531), and post-surgical PVPI did not correlate with the amount of lung resected (P = 0.536). Hence, we conclude that PVPI may be independent of the extent of lung volume reduction. However, PVPI is heavily dependent on sex, age, and body height. Anthropometric variables thus have a significant impact on the likelihood of misclassified abnormal PVPI. This warrants further studies since an increased PVPI, e.g. in the context of an ARDS, may be overlooked if anthropometric variables are not considered. We suggest reference surfaces based on the 95th-percentile corrected for sex, age, and height as a novel approach to normalize PVPI.
Growth of broken crystals tracked in 4D using X-ray computed tomography and its influence on impurity incorporation
Authors: Schiele S. A. , Haider T. , Briesen H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCrystallization is a commonly used unit operation for separation and purification. During processing, crystals may break due to mechanical stress, e.g., intentionally by milling or unintentionally through collision with stirrers. This study investigates the growth of broken crystals in three dimensions using X-ray micro-computed tomography. The results show that damaged regions of crystals grow faster than faceted regions, and crystals become faceted through growth. Initially, this happens on a microscale, producing faceted but concave regions on the crystal surface. Eventually, crystals become convex. Shape-healing through growth incorporates inclusions in the crystals. These findings have important implications for designing and optimizing crystallization processes in the pharmaceutical, food, and chemical industries, as purity is often a critical quality criterion adversely affected by inclusions. In addition, the kinetics in crystallization processes are likely to be strongly affected by the growth of non-faceted and concave crystals.
On image transformation for partial discharge source identification in vehicle cable terminals of high‐speed trains
Authors: Liu Kai , Jiao Shibo , Nie Guangbo , Ma Hui , Gao Bo , Sun Chuanming , Xin Dongli , Saha Tapan K. , Wu Guangning 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPartial discharge (PD) detection of cable terminals is crucial for the safe operation of the traction power system in trains. However, similar PD signals in complex train‐operating environments cause difficulty to recognise the insulation defects. Therefore, a PD signal image transformation recognition method is proposed for PD detection of cable terminal defects to identify defects in cable terminals with similar PD characteristics accurately. In the proposed method, the raw PD signals are firstly transformed to images via the Gramian angular field (GAF) representation. This can reveal the discriminative characteristics embedded in the original PD signals and subsequently facilitate differentiating the PD sources, which exhibit similar characteristic in the time domain. The obtained GAF representation of PD signals (named as PD GAF images) is extracted from local and global features to train an efficient MobileVIT model, which is then utilised to identify similar types of PD sources in cable terminals. The results show that the proposed method achieves 97.5% recognition accuracy in the field experiment, which is superior to other methods.
Study of Neutral-Pion Pair Production in Two-Photon Scattering at BESIII
Authors: Lellmann Max 
Published: September 2024

The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, aμ = (g−2)μ/2, is one of the most precisely measured observables of the Standard Model. However, its value shows a sizeable discrepancy to the Standard Model prediction. It is still under discussion whether this discrepancy is a hint for New Physics or proof of the limited understanding of strong interaction at low energies. To get a better understanding of this discrepancy, one needs to reduce the uncertainty of both, the Standard Model prediction and the direct measurement.
Information on the production of pion pairs in two-photon fusion processes plays an important role in the dispersive calculation of the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to aμ, which is one of the two large contributions to the Standard Model predictions uncertainty. The BESIII experiment, located at the Institute of High Energy Physics in Beijing/China, offers a perfect testbed for the investigation of two-photon processes at small momentum transfers. The process e+e− → e+e−π0π0 is measured at the BESIII experiment at center-of-mass energies between 3.77 and 4.59 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of more than 13 fb−1, with more data being available in future. This presentation will discuss the current status of the analysis.
Hyperon production and interaction studies in protonproton scattering with HADES
Authors: Taylor Jenny 
Published: September 2024

Hyperons and their interactions with baryonic matter may play a key role in our understanding of the core of neutron stars. Moreover, the internal structure of hyperons and their excitations are of great interest. Their structure can be probed by exploiting their couplings to radiative probes such as by measuring electromagnetic transition form factors.
HADES (High-Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer) at GSI collected high-statistics proton-proton scattering data in 2022 at √s = 3.48 GeV. The Λ - Λ interaction is currently being studied in this data along with production of Σ states where the Dalitz decay of hyperons might be observed for the first time. In addition, the reaction pp → pK+K+Ξ−[π−Λ[pπ−]] has been studied to probe the production mechanism of double strangeness near its production threshold. This proceeding addresses the hyperon physics case and discusses the ongoing Ξ− analysis. A preliminary upper limit for the cross section at √s = 3.48 GeV is presented taking into account only statistical uncertainties.
A shared journey: evaluating a patient-assessed measure of self-management of chronic conditions in an Australian setting
Authors: Davis Phillip , Bradbury Joanne , Shrubsole Kirstine , Parke John 
Published: September 2024

Background Patient Assessment of Care in Chronic Conditions (PACIC+), included in some Australian guidelines, has been shown reliable for measuring patient engagement and perception of their care in primary care settings. Various studies have focussed on PACIC+ use in specific conditions. This study aims to expand PACIC+ to measure patient empowerment to self-manage their chronic condition and validate it in the broader Australian primary care population. This study aims to evaluate internal consistency and reliability of PACIC+ and six new supplementary items proposed to assess patient wellbeing and empowerment to self-manage their chronic condition. Methods A repeated-measures correlation design study assessed the expanded PACIC+ over three time-points. Particpants were patients with at least one chronic disease, referred by consultant physician, or recruited by advertisement posters in hospital clinic areas. Results PACIC+ (26-item) had acceptable internal consitency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.96). Test–retest reliability (Time-1 and 2, P < 0.01) was acceptable: Total score r(48) = 0.43; and New supplementary items: Confidence r(48) = 0.54; Understanding r(48) = 0.62; Support r(48) = 0.43; Overall Health r(48) = 0.42; Overall Health Change r(48) = −0.31, P = 0.03; and Acute Episodes of Care in 1-month r(48) = 0.42, P < 0.01. Four factors from the original PACIC+ accounted for 66.5% of the variance. Conclusions The expanded PACIC+ is an improved psychometric tool providing for the patient’s voice in a shared health journey. It is a valid, reliable tool to monitor and measure self-management of chronic conditions in Australian population clinic and primary healthcare settings.
Normalization of timed measures in bilingualism research
Authors: Keating Gregory D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The time it takes an individual to respond to a probe (e.g., a word, picture, or question) or to read a word or
phrase provides useful insights into cognitive processes. Consequently, timed measures are a staple in bilingualism research.
However, timed measures usually violate assumptions of linear models, one being normal distribution of the residuals. Power
transformations are a common solution but which of the many possible transformations to apply is often guesswork. Box and Cox (1964) developed a procedure to estimate the best-fitting normalizing
transformation, coefficient lambda (λ), that is easy to run using standard R packages. This practical primer demonstrates how to
perform the Box-Cox transformation in R using as a testbed the distractor items from a recent eye-tracking study on sentence
reading in speakers of Spanish as a majority and a heritage language. The analyses show (a) that the exponents selected via the
Box-Cox procedure reduce positive skewness as well as or better than the natural log; (b) that the best-fitting value of λ varies
based on factors such as group and, in the case of eye-movement data, the measure of interest; and (c) that the choice of
transformation sometimes impacts p values for model estimates.
Measurement of attachment in human-animal interaction research
Authors: Halbreich Eli D. , Hefner Tristen D. , Healy Ashly S. , Van Allen Jason 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Researchers in the field of human-animal interaction often investigate the construct of the human-animal bond in order to measure contextual information about companion-animal relationships beyond simply living with a pet. This practice allows researchers to go beyond a simple manifest variable (e.g., dog-owning vs. cat-owning participants) to investigate how specific relationships with companion animals may impact outcomes. However, the current measures of the relationship between people and their pets (i.e., attachment) are flawed. Specifically, their initial validations were based on homogenous samples, the original conceptualizations of the human-animal bond were fragmented, and some used improper statistical techniques in determining the underlying factor structure of the measure. The current study utilized confirmatory factor analysis (
n
= 589) to examine the factor structure and underlying psychometric properties of the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale and the Short Attachment to Pets Scale. The factor analysis revealed that the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale and the Short Attachment to Pets Scale both have issues with model fit in a sample of undergraduate students at a public Southwestern University. This article offers recommendations for future research investigating the human-animal bond.
Investigation of the Variation in Insertion Loss of Vertical Noise Barriers for High-speed Railways at Different Levels of Sound Transmission Loss
Authors: Song Zhenan , Hu Wenlin , Hu Xuhong , Han Jiaqi , Sui Fusheng , He Bin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The present study investigates the impact of sound transmission loss of vertical noise barriers for high-speed railways on insertion loss at various speed grades and heights. The findings reveal an initial increase in insertion loss followed by a plateau as sound transmission loss improves. A threshold value exists for weighted sound transmission loss, beyond which the insertion loss remains relatively constant. This threshold referred to as the minimum weighted sound transmission loss decreases with increasing train speeds and increases with higher noise barrier heights. The variation in insertion loss was calculated for noise barriers at heights of 2m and 3m under different sound transmission loss conditions, using measured sound source data corresponding to train speeds of 150km/h, 200km/h, 250km/h, 300km/h, and 350km/h. By polynomial fitting, at a train speed of 400 km/h, the minimum weighted sound transmission loss for 2m and 3m high noise barriers are determined to be 20dB and 21dB respectively.
Simulation Analysis of Influence Laws of Sound Barrier Acoustic Performance When Using Ceramic as Sound-absorbing Materials
Authors: Chang Liang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The excellent sound absorption performance of Sound Barrier which using Ceramic as Sound-absorbing Materials can be attributed to their corrosion resistance, lightweight nature, small particle size, and internal microporous structure. As a result, the application of new ceramic-based sound absorption materials in sound barriers is becoming increasingly widespread. To address the challenging issue of predicting the sound absorption and isolation performance of ceramic sound barriers and understanding the influencing factors on acoustic parameters, a simulation analysis method was employed for analyzing and studying various factors affecting the acoustic performance of these barriers. The calculation results demonstrate that increasing the thickness of both the sound absorption material and air layer behind exhibits similar effects on enhancing the sound absorption and isolation performance of ceramic acoustic barriers. Specifically, increasing either parameter leads to improved sound absorption performance by significantly increasing the sound absorption coefficient at 125Hz and 250Hz while decreasing it at 500Hz. However, in high-frequency bands above 1000Hz, structural parameters have minimal overall influence. Moreover, when keeping the thickness of ceramic sound absorption plates constant, every additional 20mm increase in air layer thickness behind results in a weighted increase in sound isolation by approximately 1dB; notable improvements are observed when this air layer thickness is below 1600Hz. When the thickness of the air layer behind is kept constant, an increase in the thickness of the sound absorption material by 10mm results in a 1dB increment in weighted sound isolation. However, when maintaining a total thickness of the sound barrier at 140mm, increasing the material’s thickness leads to a reduction in air layer thickness. Consequently, there is a slight enhancement in the sound absorption coefficient at frequencies of 125Hz and 250Hz while a minor decrease occurs at frequencies of 500Hz and 1000Hz. The impact on other frequency bands and overall sound absorption performance remains inconspicuous. Moreover, variations in weighted sound insulation quantity have minimal influence on sound insulation characteristics.
Research on Mathematical Modeling of Naval Gun Servo System
Authors: Song Chunxia , Mao Weiwei , Bai Hongbao , Li Yang , Shen Xiangzhong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Tracking performance of naval gun servo system is very important to the whole combat function of naval gun weapon system. Therefore, it is very important to construct accurate mathematical model to improve the performance of servo system. This paper analyzed the structure of naval gun servo system in detail and established the transfer function of each component according to its working principle. Finally, the complete mathematical model of naval gun servo system is established through the organic combination of all parts. Then the stability of the mathematical model of naval gun servo system is judged by Rouse criterion. When the original servo system is unstable, it is necessary to modify the model of servo system by designing lead-lag correction to achieve stable control of the servo system, which lays a foundation for further research on control performance optimization based on mathematical model of naval gun servo system.
Threshold Voltage Extraction of nMOSFET Devices in Photovoltaic Inverters
Authors: Zhang Shuyan , Wang Danghui , Guo Yuyang , Wu Yuhao , Cao Xiyue , Zhang Linkun , Che Yu’ang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the electrical characteristics of nMOSFET devices at room temperature are measured, and the threshold voltage is extracted by three different methods according to the I-V transfer characteristic curve of the nMOSFTE devices. The applicability of the three methods and the extraction results are analyzed and compared. The conclusions indicate that: (1) the maximum transconductance extraction method is similar to the tangential extrapolation extraction method, both of which eliminate the influence of mobility degradation and parasitic capacitance effect. The second order derivative extraction methods include the fluctuation factors in the measured results, and has a larger error on the extracted threshold voltage; (2) Compared with the maximum transconductance extraction method, the errors of extracting threshold voltage using tangential extrapolation method is larger because mobility attenuation, sourcing-drain series resistance and tangential point is difficult to determine accurately are ignored. (3) In comparison, the threshold voltage extracted by the maximum transconductance method is more accurate and easy to achieve.
Research on data processing technology based on 6LiF/ZnO:Ga fiber neutron detector array
Authors: Sun Shangqing , Xiong Bangping , Huang Qichang , Wan Bo , Yang Daibo , Wang Miao , Luo Yin , Xia Yuan , Wei Wenbin , Ge Xi , Chen JunDa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The 6LiF/ZnO:Ga fiber neutron detector, consisting of a
6LiF/ZnO:Ga scintillator, optical fiber, and PMT, has distinct
advantages such as compactness, strong real-time online measurement
capabilities, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. These
characteristics make it highly suitable for neutron detection in
confined spaces with significant electromagnetic
interference. However, its small size limits the neutron detection
efficiency of a single detector, necessitating the use of multiple
fibers to construct a fiber array and enhance sensitivity. The goal
is to study data processing techniques for the 6LiF/ZnO:Ga
fiber detector array. Inside the FPGA, three digital signal
processing channels are used to extract multiple information from
signal such as the amplitude, timestamp, and measurement channel
ID. The fast channel adopts triangular shaping to provide real-time
baselines and timestamps for the discrimination channel and the slow
channel. The slow channel adopt cascade shaping method to extract
the amplitude of nuclear signal. The discrimination channel method
adopt cascade discrimination method to realize the real-time
discrimination between gamma signals, neutron signals and
interference signals. The method has been successfully applied to
6LiF/ZnO:Ga fiber neutron detector arrays with different mass
ratios, providing new solution for digital data processing in fiber
neutron detector arrays.
Pre-and post-landslide analyses for sustainable development in Kiarapandak area, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Tejakusuma I G , Mulyono A , Sittadewi E H , Handayani T , Tohari A , Zakaria Z , Shomim A F 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The landslide in Kiarapandak has destroyed several dwellings, impaired farming and agriculture, and critical land formation. Analysing the conditions before and after the landslide is essential for supporting sustainable development, protecting the community, and mitigating environmental damage. This investigation employs Google Earth imagery, site surveys, field observations, landslide typology, and vulnerability assessments. The research area, Kiarapandak, is categorized as a landslide-prone typology Zone B with a predominantly 21%–40% slope and more than 40%. The vulnerability level is high. In the critical land created by the landslide, there is a reduction in soil fertility due to surface stripping, increased erosion, and surface runoff, causing sedimentation and river flooding. Land rehabilitation efforts are necessary to improve the quality of land resources in the post-landslide area and support the ecosystem while generating economic value for affected landowners. An agroforestry system, with a vertical arrangement of species strata, can be implemented in the post-landslide location to serve ecological and financial functions and optimize land resource quality through fertilizer application.
Screening potential plants in the gold mining area for phytoremediation approach
Authors: Fasya M R F , Prasetia H , Astuti W , Mufakhir F R , Sumardi S , Yoga R G P , Asmarahman C , Damayanti I , Haryono T , Jannah W 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Heavy metal waste can be caused by anthropogenic activity. This waste can pollute soil and water far from the source. One of the ways to immobilize the heavy metals is using a plant that can accumulate them. This research aimed to screen potential plants that can be used as remediation agents due to ASGM activity in the post-mining area. This study was conducted at PT Napal Umbar Picung (NUP), Tanggamus Regency, Lampung. The study collected the potential hyperaccumulator plant from contaminated areas. Plant samples were dried at 80°C for three days in a ventilated oven. The dried samples were powdered using the Philips Blender 5000 series into fine-grained sizes. The powder samples were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The highest concentrations of As, Cd, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the shoot tissues of ASGM at PT NUP were 285.8 mg/kg, 11.7 mg/kg, 258,320 mg/kg, 501.6 mg/kg, 57.4 mg/kg, 806.2 mg/kg, and 4,520 mg/kg. The results showed that the hyperaccumulator plant of Hg was Alpinia galanga. Christella sp. Chromolaena odorata, Clidemia hirta, Melastoma malabathricum, and Nephrolepis cordifolia. This study can conclude that the plants can be used as a phytoremediation approach to heavy metals contamination such as As, Cd, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, and especially Hg.