bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium and Copper Cocatalyzed Intermolecular Cyclization Reaction: Synthesis of 5‐Aminopyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Ma Chaowei , Wen Ping , Li Jihui , Han Xu , Wu Zhaoyang , Huang Guosheng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe reaction between aromatic or hetaromatic acetonitriles and various hydrazone derivatives, namely ethyl 3‐(2‐(het)arylhydrazono)acetates, delivers the title products in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh2(OAc)4 Catalyzed Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2,4,5‐Triaryl‐1,3‐oxazolidines and Spirooxindolyl Oxazolidines.
Authors: Rajasekaran Tamilselvan , Sridhar B. , Subba Reddy B. V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCarbonyl ylides generated in situ from diazo compounds and aldehydes undergo a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with N‐tosylimines to form the title compounds with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Carbothiolation of Terminal Alkynes with Azolyl Sulfides.
Authors: Iwasaki Masayuki , Topolovcan Nikola , Hu Hao , Nishimura Yugo , Gagnot Glwadys , Na nakorn Rungsaeng , Yuvacharaskul Ramida , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Nishihara Yasushi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA wide range of (azolyl)alkenyl sulfides are prepared with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity and Mechanistic Insight into the Cross Coupling Reaction Between Isochromans and β‐Keto Esters Through C—H Bond Activation under Visible Light Irradiation.
Authors: Xiang Ming , Meng Qing‐Yuan , Gao Xue‐Wang , Lei Tao , Chen Bin , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe combination of cupric triflate with acridinium photosensitizer MMAP is an efficient catalytic system for the oxidative photocatalytic cross‐coupling of isochromans with β‐keto esters, 2,4‐pentadione, and benzoylnitromethane as nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Oxidative Radical Brominative Addition of Activated Alkynes and Spirocyclization: Switchable Synthesis of 3‐Bromocoumarins and 3‐Bromo Spiro‐[4,5]trienone.
Authors: Qiu Guanyinsheng , Liu Tong , Ding Qiuping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe reaction of alkynoates (I) with Bu4NBr proceeds via brominative addition of alkynes, oxidative spiro‐cyclization, and 1,2‐ester migration to afford 3‐bromocoumarins (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Co(acac)2/O2‐Catalyzed Oxidative Isocyanide Insertion with 2‐Vinylanilines: Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Aminoquinolines.
Authors: Xu Pei , Zhu Tong‐Hao , Wei Tian‐Qi , Wang Shun‐Yi , Ji Shun‐Jun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis approach uses low toxicity Co(acac)2 as catalyst and environmentally benign oxygen as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phenanthridines via a Rhodium‐Catalyzed C—C Bond Cleavage Reaction of Biphenylene with Nitriles.
Authors: Korotvicka Ales , Frejka David , Hampejsova Zuzana , Cisarova Ivana , Kotora Martin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract9‐Substituted phenanthridines are prepared by microwave‐assisted reaction of biphenylene with various (hetero)aromatic and aliphatic nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Eco‐Efficient Synthesis of New Pyrido[2,3‐c] Coumarin Scaffolds under Sonochemical Method.
Authors: Chidurala Praveen , Jetti Venkateshwarlu , Pagadala Ramakanth , Meshram Jyotsna S. , Jonnalagadda Sreekanth 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe title coumarins are prepared by a green and simple one‐pot multi‐component condensation of chromenone (I), various benzaldehydes, acetoacetanilide, and ammonium acetate under ultrasound irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridofuropyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines and Pyridofuropyrimido[1,2‐a]azepines: New Chemical Entities (NCE) with Anticonvulsive and Psychotropic Properties.
Authors: Sirakanyan Samvel N. , Geronikaki Athina , Spinelli Domenico , Paronikyan Ruzanna G. , Dzhagatspanyan Irina A. , Nazaryan Ivetta M. , Akopyan Asmik H. , Hovakimyan Anush A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSome of the new pyridofuropyrimido[1,2‐a]azepines exhibit significantly better anticonvulsant activity than commercial drug ethosuximide.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Borotropic Shifts in the Design of Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective γ‐Additions of Allylboron Moieties to Aldimines.
Authors: van der Mei Farid W. , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Silverio Daniel L. , Hoveyda Amir H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe products contain small amounts of the α‐addition compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: A Hitherto Undescribed Addition of the Lithium Salt of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate to N‐Substituted Phthalimides.
Authors: Zagorski Piotr M. , Jozwiak Andrzej , Plotka Mieczyslaw W. , Cal Dariusz 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPhosphono‐functionalized isoindolinones in which a phosphono group is connected at C‐3 position by one methylene group are prepared by a novel addition utilizing an in situ generated lithium salt of dimethyl methylphosphonate.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Chloride and Diorganyl Diselenide‐Promoted Nucleophilic Closures of 1‐Benzyl‐2‐alkynylbenzenes in the Preparation of 9‐(Organoselanyl)‐5H‐benzo[7]annulenes.
Authors: Prochnow Thais , Back Davi F. , Zeni Gilson 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe intramolecular 7‐endo‐dig‐selective cyclization of 1‐benzyl‐2‐alkynylbenzenes tolerates diaryl and dialkyl selenides and is applicable to dimethyl disulfide.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Chromodorolide B.
Authors: Tao Daniel J. , Slutskyy Yuriy , Overman Larry E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe enantioselective total synthesis of (‐)‐chromodorolide B (I) involves a bimolecular radical addition/cyclization/fragmentation cascade for the combination of the butenolide and trans‐hydrindane fragments while forming two C—C bonds and three of the ten stereogenic centers of (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Soluble Pd—Imidate Complexes: Broadly Applicable Catalysts for the Synthesis of Chemically Modified Nucleosides via Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Kapdi Anant R. , et al.  
Published: July 2016

AbstractA water soluble Pd‐catalyst is successfully used for the Suzuki—Miyaura arylation of halogenated nucleosides such as (I) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: New Copper, Palladium and Nickel Catalytic Systems: An Evolution Towards More Efficient Procedures
Authors: SanMartin Raul , Herrero Maria Teresa , Dominguez Esther 
Published: July 2016

AbstractReview: [summery of the development of new metal‐catalyzed arylation (O‐, S‐, and N‐arylations; α‐arylation of ketone enolates; Suzuki biaryl coupling; direct arylation of (hetero)arenes) and oxidation procedures, with a focus on catalyst loadings and more sustainable regents/reaction media; 44 refs.
Flow instabilities of time‐dependent injection schemes in immiscible displacements
Authors: Lins Tiago F. , Azaiez Jalel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFlow displacements in homogeneous porous media can result in instabilities at the interface between the fluids. Such instabilities may dramatically affect the overall efficiency of the displacement process and often need to be controlled. Flows that involve time‐dependent injection schemes are analyzed to determine their effects on the growth of instabilities and the nonlinear development of finger structures in immiscible displacements. Predictions for monotonic and cyclic schemes in radial displacements are presented and compared with their constant injection counterpart. Moreover a controlled injection scheme that allows minimizing the instabilities is proposed. A hybrid model accounting for the discontinuities across the interface is implemented, and the problem is solved numerically. The effects of different parameters including the phase shift, amplitude, and period as well as the role of the mobility ratio and surface tension are discussed. A set of injection policies are observed to lead to the strongest attenuation of instabilities. Moreover, optimal phase shifts for cyclic displacements can result in the strongest enhancement or attenuation of the instability, depending on whether the flow involves extraction. A novel approach, referred to as the controlled injection scheme, has also been proposed and analyzed. In this scheme the flow is continuously adjusted in response to the growth rate of the instabilities resulting in a better capability of suppressing the development and growth of fingers.
Correction of B0 Drift Effects in Magnetic Resonance Thermometry using Magnetic Field Monitoring Technique
Authors: Hernandez Daniel , Kim Ki Soo , Michel Eric , Lee Soo Yeol 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhen magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry is performed for temperature monitoring during time‐consuming thermal therapy like hyperthermia, tiny main magnetic field (B0) drifts may cause significant errors in temperature readings inside the human subject. We propose a correction method of B0 drift effects in MR thermometry, which is based on temperature‐dependent proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) of water molecules. We placed magnetic field monitoring (MFM) probes around the subject and we read the center frequency of MFM signals. By interpolating the center frequencies of MFM signals on the imaging slice, we computed phase correction maps for MR thermometry. We intermittently acquired MFM signals with performing MR thermometry at 3 Tesla during radiofrequency (RF) heating of a tissue‐mimicking phantom. With the B0 drift effect correction, the temperature readings of MR thermometry maps became similar to the temperature readings of an optic fiber temperature sensor embedded at the center of the phantom. We believe the proposed correction method can be used for MRI‐guided thermal therapy in which precise temperature monitoring is critical.
The effect of referral for genetic counseling on genetic testing and surgical prevention in women at high risk for ovarian cancer: Results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Drescher Charles W. , Beatty J. David , Resta Robert , Andersen M. Robyn , Watabayashi Kate , Thorpe Jason , Hawley Sarah , Purkey Hannah , Chubak Jessica , Hanson Nancy , Buist Diana S. M. , Urban Nicole 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDGuidelines recommend genetic counseling and testing for women who have a pedigree suggestive of an inherited susceptibility for ovarian cancer. The authors evaluated the effect of referral to genetic counseling on genetic testing and prophylactic oophorectomy in a randomized controlled trial.METHODSData from an electronic mammography reporting system identified 12,919 women with a pedigree that included breast cancer, of whom 625 were identified who had a high risk for inherited susceptibility to ovarian cancer using a risk‐assessment questionnaire. Of these, 458 women provided informed consent and were randomized 1:1 to intervention consisting of a genetic counseling referral (n = 228) or standard clinical care (n = 230).RESULTSParticipants were predominantly aged 45 to 65 years, and 30% and 20% reported a personal history of breast cancer or a family history of ovarian cancer, respectively. Eighty‐five percent of women in the intervention group participated in a genetic counseling session. Genetic testing was reported by 74 (33%) and 20 (9%) women in the intervention and control arms (P < .005), respectively. Five women in the intervention arm and 2 in the control arm were identified as germline mutation carriers. Ten women in the intervention arm and 3 in the control arm underwent prophylactic bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (P < .05).CONCLUSIONSRoutine referral of women at high risk for ovarian cancer to genetic counseling promotes genetic testing and prophylactic surgery. The findings from the current randomized controlled trial demonstrate the value of implementing strategies that target women at high risk for ovarian cancer to ensure they are offered access to recommended care. CA Cancer J Clin 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society, Inc. Cancer 2016;122:3509–3518. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Across the Board: Michael North
Authors: North Michael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. Michael North, who discusses the main points and challenges towards sustainable ring‐opening polymerisation methods, stressing that the overall reaction conditions, as well as highly active polymerisation initiators based on Earth abundant materials, must be considered and optimized.
Effects of pointing errors and channel fading on the performance of free‐space optically‐preamplified PPM systems
Authors: Landolsi Taha , Elrefaie Aly F. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we study the impact of pointing errors and channel fading on the performance of free‐space, optically preamplified, M‐ary PPM systems. We consider two types of free‐space optical links: (i) inter‐satellite links and (ii) inter‐building links. For inter‐satellite links, only pointing error is considered. Starting with a Rayleigh model for the pointing error angle, we derive analytically the PDF for the pointing error parameter and for the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) per bit. For inter‐building links, we derive the density function for the SNR per bit that includes the combined effects of pointing errors and channel fading, assuming Rayleigh‐distributed pointing errors. The channel fading models considered in this study for inter‐buildings links are the log‐normal and gamma–gamma models. We provide the error probability as a function of the average SNR per bit for both types of links. To cover systems with and without forward error correction, we compute the average SNR per bit required to achieve a bit error rate of 10−4 and 10−9. The corresponding power penalties are computed for different symbol sizes, scintillation indexes, and pointing jitters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examining variation in the leaf mass per area of dominant species across two contrasting tropical gradients in light of community assembly
Authors: Neyret Margot , Bentley Lisa Patrick , Oliveras Imma , Marimon Beatriz S. , Marimon‐Junior Ben Hur , Almeida de Oliveira Edmar , Barbosa Passos Fábio , Castro Ccoscco Rosa , dos Santos Josias , Matias Reis Simone , Morandi Paulo S. , Rayme Paucar Gloria , Robles Cáceres Arturo , Valdez Tejeira Yolvi , Yllanes Choque Yovana , Salinas Norma , Shenkin Alexander , Asner Gregory P. , Díaz Sandra , Enquist Brian J. , Malhi Yadvinder 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUnderstanding variation in key functional traits across gradients in high diversity systems and the ecology of community changes along gradients in these systems is crucial in light of conservation and climate change. We examined inter‐ and intraspecific variation in leaf mass per area (LMA) of sun and shade leaves along a 3330‐m elevation gradient in Peru, and in sun leaves across a forest–savanna vegetation gradient in Brazil. We also compared LMA variance ratios (T‐statistics metrics) to null models to explore internal (i.e., abiotic) and environmental filtering on community structure along the gradients. Community‐weighted LMA increased with decreasing forest cover in Brazil, likely due to increased light availability and water stress, and increased with elevation in Peru, consistent with the leaf economic spectrum strategy expected in colder, less productive environments. A very high species turnover was observed along both environmental gradients, and consequently, the first source of variation in LMA was species turnover. Variation in LMA at the genus or family levels was greater in Peru than in Brazil. Using dominant trees to examine possible filters on community assembly, we found that in Brazil, internal filtering was strongest in the forest, while environmental filtering was observed in the dry savanna. In Peru, internal filtering was observed along 80% of the gradient, perhaps due to variation in taxa or interspecific competition. Environmental filtering was observed at cloud zone edges and in lowlands, possibly due to water and nutrient availability, respectively. These results related to variation in LMA indicate that biodiversity in species rich tropical assemblages may be structured by differential niche‐based processes. In the future, specific mechanisms generating these patterns of variation in leaf functional traits across tropical environmental gradients should be explored.
Limited spatial response to direct predation risk by African herbivores following predator reintroduction
Authors: Davies Andrew B. , Tambling Craig J. , Kerley Graham I.H. , Asner Gregory P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPredators affect ecosystems not only through direct mortality of prey, but also through risk effects on prey behavior, which can exert strong influences on ecosystem function and prey fitness. However, how functionally different prey species respond to predation risk and how prey strategies vary across ecosystems and in response to predator reintroduction are poorly understood. We investigated the spatial distributions of six African herbivores varying in foraging strategy and body size in response to environmental factors and direct predation risk by recently reintroduced lions in the thicket biome of the Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa, using camera trap surveys, GPS telemetry, kill site locations and Light Detection and Ranging. Spatial distributions of all species, apart from buffalo, were driven primarily by environmental factors, with limited responses to direct predation risk. Responses to predation risk were instead indirect, with species distributions driven by environmental factors, and diel patterns being particularly pronounced. Grazers were more responsive to the measured variables than browsers, with more observations in open areas. Terrain ruggedness was a stronger predictor of browser distributions than was vegetation density. Buffalo was the only species to respond to predator encounter risk, avoiding areas with higher lion utilization. Buffalo therefore behaved in similar ways to when lions were absent from the study area. Our results suggest that direct predation risk effects are relatively weak when predator densities are low and the time since reintroduction is short and emphasize the need for robust, long‐term monitoring of predator reintroductions to place such events in the broader context of predation risk effects.
Introducing BioSARN – an ecological niche model refinement tool
Authors: Heap Marshall J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEnvironmental niche modeling outputs a biological species' potential distribution. Further work is needed to arrive at a species' realized distribution. The Biological Species Approximate Realized Niche (BioSARN) application provides the ecological modeler with a toolset to refine Environmental niche models (ENMs). These tools include soil and land class filtering, niche area quantification and novelties like enhanced temporal corridor definition, and output to a high spatial resolution land class model. BioSARN is exemplified with a study on Fraser fir, a tree species with strong land class and edaphic correlations. Soil and land class filtering caused the potential distribution area to decline 17%. Enhanced temporal corridor definition permitted distinction of current, continuing, and future niches, and thus niche change and movement. Tile quantification analysis provided further corroboration of these trends. BioSARN does not substitute other established ENM methods. Rather, it allows the experimenter to work with their preferred ENM, refining it using their knowledge and experience. Output from lower spatial resolution ENMs to a high spatial resolution land class model is a pseudo high‐resolution result. Still, it maybe the best that can be achieved until wide range high spatial resolution environmental data and accurate high precision species occurrence data become generally available.
Evolution of opercle bone shape along a macrohabitat gradient: species identification using mtDNAand geometric morphometric analyses in neotropical sea catfishes (Ariidae)
Authors: Stange Madlen , Aguirre‐Fernández Gabriel , Cooke Richard G. , Barros Tito , Salzburger Walter , Sánchez‐Villagra Marcelo R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTransitions between the marine and freshwater macrohabitat have occurred repeatedly in the evolution of teleost fishes. For example, ariid catfishes have moved from freshwater to marine environments, and vice versa. Opercles, a skeletal feature that has been shown to change during such transitions, were subjected to 2D geometric morphometric analyses in order to investigate evolutionary shape changes during habitat transition in ariid catfishes and to test the influence of habitat on shape changes. A mtDNAmarker, which proved useful in previous studies, was used to verify species identities. It greatly improved the assignment of specimens to a species, which are difficult to assign by morphology alone. The application of a mtDNAmarker confirmed the occurrence ofNotarius biffiin Central America, South of El Salvador. Molecular identification together with principal component analysis (PCA) and further morphological inspection of neurocrania indicated the existence of a cryptic species withinBagre pinnimaculatus. Principal component (PC) scores of individual specimens clustered in morphospace by genus rather than by habitat. Strong phylogenetic structure was detected using a permutation test ofPCscores of species means on a phylogenetic tree. Calculation of Pagel'sλsuggested that opercle shape evolved according to a Brownian model of evolution. Yet canonical variate analysis (CVA) conducted on the habitat groups showed significant differences in opercle shapes among freshwater and marine species. Overall, opercle shape in tropical American Ariidae appears to be phylogenetically constrained. This verifies the application of opercle shape as a taxonomic tool for species identification in fossil ariid catfishes. At the same time, adaptation to freshwater habitats shows characteristic opercle shape trajectories in ariid catfishes, which might be used to detect habitat preferences in fossils.
Influence of droughts on Nothofagus pumilio forest decline across northern Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Rodríguez‐Catón Milagros , Villalba Ricardo , Morales Mariano , Srur Ana 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of climatic variations on forest decline is a major challenge for scientists investigating global changes. Although reductions in tree growth have previously been associated with forest decline, comprehensive efforts to understand these relationships are rare. Based on ring‐width variations, we determine the influence of climatic fluctuations on the onset and temporal evolution of Nothofagus pumilio forest decline in the Patagonian Andes. Basal area increment (BAI) data from 294 Nothofagus trees at 11 stands in a 500‐km latitudinal transect along the forest–steppe ecotone were used to identify the dominant patterns of regional growth. Three Regional dominant patterns, showing common variations in BAI, were derived. Two BAI patterns show high rates of growth from early to mid‐20th century, followed by sustained negative trends over the last 3–6 decades, whereas the third pattern is characterized by a positive trend since the 1960s. Tipping points in growth trends of the first two patterns are associated with two extreme dry–warm climate events in spring–summer of 1942–1943/1943–1944/1944–1945 and 1978–1979. Both severe droughts were preceded by up to 10 yr of wet periods that promoted above‐average tree growth. We concluded that severe droughts occurring after wet periods trigger the decline of large, dominant N. pumilio trees with high rates of growth. The coincidence between major changes in regional growth with two of the most severe droughts in the instrumental records shows that climatic variations over northern Patagonia synchronize the beginning of forest decline at a regional scale. As these dry–mesic N. pumilio sites will face more severe droughts in the 21st century, as suggested by future climate scenarios, the areas affected by forest decline would increase substantially.