bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional and Legal Context in Natural Experiments: The Case of State Antitakeover Laws
Authors: KARPOFF JONATHAN M. , WITTRY MICHAEL D. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTWe argue and demonstrate empirically that a firm's institutional and legal context has first‐order effects in tests that use state antitakeover laws for identification. A priori, the size and direction of a law's effect on a firm's takeover protection depends on (i) other state antitakeover laws, (ii) preexisting firm‐level takeover defenses, and (iii) the legal regime as reflected by important court decisions. In addition, (iv) state antitakeover laws are not exogenous for many easily identifiable firms. We show that the inferences from nine prior studies related to nine different outcome variables change substantially when we include controls for these considerations.
Nocturnal activation of melatonin receptor type 1 signaling modulates diurnal insulin sensitivity via regulation of PI3K activity
Authors: Owino Sharon , Sánchez‐Bretaño Aida , Tchio Cynthia , Cecon Erika , Karamitri Angeliki , Dam Julie , Jockers Ralf , Piccione Giuseppe , Noh Hye Lim , Kim Taekyoon , Kim Jason K. , Baba Kenkichi , Tosini Gianluca 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecent genetic studies have highlighted the potential involvement of melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) and melatonin receptor 2 (MT2) in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Here, we report that mice lacking MT1 (MT1 KO) tend to accumulate more fat mass than WT mice and exhibit marked systemic insulin resistance. Additional experiments revealed that the main insulin signaling pathway affected by the loss of MT1 was the activation of phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K). Transcripts of both catalytic and regulatory subunits of PI3K were strongly downregulated within MT1 KO mice. Moreover, the suppression of nocturnal melatonin levels within WT mice, by exposing mice to constant light, resulted in impaired PI3K activity and insulin resistance during the day, similar to what was observed in MT1 KO mice. Inversely, administration of melatonin to WT mice exposed to constant light was sufficient and necessary to restore insulin‐mediated PI3K activity and insulin sensitivity. Hence, our data demonstrate that the activation of MT1 signaling at night modulates insulin sensitivity during the day via the regulation of the PI3K transcription and activity. Lastly, we provide evidence that decreased expression of MTNR1A (MT1) in the liver of diabetic individuals is associated with poorly controlled diabetes.
Melatonin prevents hypochlorous acid‐mediated cyanocobalamin destruction and cyanogen chloride generation
Authors: Jeelani Roohi , Maitra Dhiman , Chatzicharalampous Charalampos , Najeemuddin Syed , Morris Robert T. , Abu‐Soud Husam M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a potent cytotoxic oxidant generated by the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride (Cl−). Elevated levels of HOCl play an important role in various pathological conditions through oxidative modification of several biomolecules. Recently, we have highlighted the ability of HOCl to mediate the destruction of the metal‐ion derivatives of tetrapyrrole macrocyclic rings such as hemoproteins and vitamin B12 (VB12) derivatives. Destruction of cyanocobalamin, a common pharmacological form of VB12 mediated by HOCl, results in the generation of toxic molecular products such as chlorinated derivatives, corrin ring cleavage products, the toxic blood agents cyanide (CN−) and cyanogen chloride (CNCl), and redox‐active free cobalt. Here, we show that melatonin prevents HOCl‐mediated cyanocobalamin destruction, using a combination of UV‐Vis spectrophotometry, high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis, and colorimetric CNCl assay. Identification of several melatonin oxidation products suggests that the protective role of melatonin against HOCl‐mediated cyanocobalamin destruction and subsequent CNCl generation is at the expense of melatonin oxidation. Collectively, this work highlights that, in addition to acting as an antioxidant and as a MPO inhibitor, melatonin can also prevent VB12 deficiency in inflammatory conditions such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, among many others.
Alligator conservation and hunting efficiency
Authors: Kahui V. , Moyle B. , Brunell A. M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe successful conservation of Florida's alligator rests, among other things, on a recreational harvest program that provides seasonal, nontransferable hunting permits. We develop an economic hunting model adapted from evolutionary ecology to show how the incentives under Florida's program still allow for efficient behavior. Hunters can select the length for kill from a given length‐frequency distribution and pursue alligators for revenue from hide and meat. We exploit extensive data sets on harvest reports, alligator population estimates, permit costs, and annual prices for wild hides and meat across 33 alligator management units in Florida between 2000 and 2015. We show that an increase in the abundance of bulls increases the minimum length of alligator for kill, while an increase in prices and cost of foraging time pushes hunters to accept smaller alligators for harvest. Understanding the drivers of human hunting behavior is essential for effective wildlife management.Recommendations for Managers
Effective wildlife management relies on the understanding of both animal and human dynamics.
Alligator population levels are actively monitored but there is limited understanding of hunter behavior.
Our research shows that recreational alligator hunters in Florida respond to abundance levels of bulls, and prices and cost of foraging time by adjusting the smallest length of alligator for harvest.
Management of harvest quotas should actively consider behavioral responses of hunters.
Effectiveness of extended contact interventions for weight management delivered via text messaging: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Job J. R. , Fjeldsoe B. S. , Eakin E. G. , Reeves M. M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundExtended contact interventions provide support for continued weight management (weight loss/prevention of weight regain) following a weight loss intervention. Text messages offer a medium for delivery in a potentially cost‐effective, broad‐reach manner.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine (i) the effectiveness of extended contact, text message interventions for adults in supporting weight management, and (ii) which intervention characteristics are common to those that are effective.MethodsA systematic database search (to 19 September 2016) was conducted. Meta‐analyses were performed to quantify the average weight changes (kg) during the extended contact intervention, net of control (if a control group was present) and within‐group.ResultsSeven studies were eligible for inclusion. The pooled effect of the extended contact intervention compared with control (n = 3 studies) was −0.82 kg (95% confidence interval −1.43, −0.21), while the pooled within‐group weight loss (n = 6 studies) during the extended contact interventions was −2.16 kg (95% confidence interval −3.40, −0.91). Interventions considered ‘effective’ (n = 4) were more likely to be >12 weeks duration, compared with interventions considered ‘ineffective’ (n = 3).ConclusionEvidence from the small number of studies reviewed suggests that extended contact, text message‐delivered interventions are effective. Further research is required to elucidate effective intervention components and the longer‐term impact on weight, diet and physical activity behaviour.
The measurement of disaster risk: An example from tropical cyclones in the Philippines
Authors: Yonson Rio , Noy Ilan , Gaillard JC 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWhat determines disaster fatalities? We develop a tool to estimate tropical cyclone‐induced fatalities in the Philippine provinces, and to explain the variability of these fatalities across provinces using an evidence‐based approach. We construct a new provincial‐level panel dataset, and use statistical methods to assess the influence of socioeconomic vulnerability (i.e., levels of economic and social development, urbanization, governance), exposure (i.e., population, topography, and geography), and hazard characteristics (i.e., rainfall volume and wind speed) on the resulting fatalities from tropical cyclones. We find strong evidence that socioeconomic development and good local governance reduces disaster fatalities, while unplanned urbanization is associated with more fatalities. Exposure, including topography, and tropical cyclone strength are likewise important determinants of fatalities. However, disaster fatalities appear to be influenced much more by socioeconomic vulnerability and exposure, than by the hazard itself. We quantify this difference in order to contribute to policy planning at national and subnational scales.
The effect of the National Food Reserve Agency on maize market prices in Tanzania
Authors: Pierre Guillaume , Pauw Karl , Magrini Emiliano 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTanzania's National Food Reserve Agency has a mandate to ensure food security through procuring, reserving and recycling grain (primarily maize) in a cost‐effective manner. This mandate excludes a price stabilization role. Procurement prices, based on production costs, are often set above market prices to encourage production. Several disbursements channels exist: grain provided free or at a discount to targeted vulnerable households; subsidized sales to millers; and sales to prisons or nongovernmental aid programs, typically at market‐related prices. Given the perception that these activities are distortive, we use time‐series econometrics to model maize price dynamics in select wholesale markets to capture the Agency's market impact. We find that its pricing strategy had an insignificant impact on prices during 2010/11–2014/15 despite a fairly significant presence in at least some regional markets. We recommend that the Agency reconsiders offering a price premium on procured maize or selling maize at discount to millers, as limited market spill‐over effects imply the benefits are captured by only a few, even though its practice of providing subsidized or free maize to vulnerable people is not in question. Furthermore, current storage capacity expansion plans are not required and inconsistent with its food security mandate.
Comparative outcomes between ameroid ring constrictor and cellophane banding for treatment of single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in 49 dogs (1998‐2012)
Authors: Traverson Marine , Lussier Bertrand , Huneault Louis , Gatineau Matthieu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare outcomes and identify prognostic factors in dogs with single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (CEHPSS) gradually attenuated with an ameroid ring constrictor (ARC) or cellophane banding (CB).Study DesignRetrospective, multi‐institutional study.AnimalsForty‐nine dogs with CEHPSS (n = 23 for ARC; n = 26 for CB).MethodsMedical records of dogs with CEHPSS treated by ARC or CB were reviewed for postoperative (<1 month), midterm (1‐6 months), and long‐term (> 6 months) outcomes. Data were evaluated to detect factors associated with postoperative complications, residual shunting, and long‐term outcome.ResultsPostoperative complication rates did not differ between ARC (26.1%) and CB (23.1%, P = .89) and were negatively associated with body weight (P = .03). Overall, postoperative mortality was low (2.0%). Clinical long‐term outcome was excellent in 45.0% and 39.1% and good in 55.0% and 60.9% of dogs after ARC and CB, respectively. Suspected residual shunting rate upon abdominal ultrasonography was greater after CB (31.6%) than after ARC (0%).ConclusionARC and CB were both effective for attenuation of CEHPSS, resulting in good to excellent outcomes with low morbidity and mortality. Residual shunting was suspected in a higher proportion of dogs treated with CB on the basis of abdominal ultrasonography results. However, further prospective randomized studies must be conducted with validated evaluation methods to verify this assumption.
Fluorescein sodium‐guided resection of intracranial lesions in 22 dogs
Authors: Nakano Yukiko , Nakata Kohei , Shibata Sanae , Heishima Yasuhiro , Nishida Hidetaka , Sakai Hiroki , Yano Hirohito , Kamishina Hiroaki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety of an intraoperative fluorescein sodium (FS) injection and elucidate the relationships between the MRI findings, pathological diagnoses, and intraoperative staining characteristics of intracranial lesions in 22 dogs.Study DesignProspective case series.AnimalsTwenty‐two dogs with intracranial lesions.MethodsFS was intravenously administered to 22 dogs undergoing craniotomy for suspected intracranial tumors to evaluate perioperative and postoperative adverse effects. The intensities and patterns of gadolinium (Gd) enhancement on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative FS staining were graded, and their relationship was evaluated. Intraoperative FS staining characteristics and pathological diagnoses were compared.ResultsThe only adverse effect noted was repetitive vomiting in 2 dogs. The intensities and patterns between preoperative Gd enhancement and intraoperative FS staining appeared to agree. High‐grade glioma and histiocytic sarcoma had more intense FS staining. Lesions with strong Gd enhancement, including meningiomas and choroid plexus tumors, also had intense FS staining.ConclusionThe intraoperative use of FS is a simple and safe technique to guide the resection of intracranial lesions in dogs. The findings on Gd enhancement, FS staining, and histopathology appeared to agree but require validation in a larger set of cases.Clinical SignificanceThe intraoperative use of FS may improve the prognosis of dogs with brain tumors by guiding the resection of lesions.
Serial Assessment of Strut Coverage of Biodegradable Polymer Drug-Eluting Stent at 1, 2, and 3 Months After Stent Implantation by Optical Frequency Domain Imaging
Authors: Chevalier Bernard , Smits Pieter C. , Carrié Didier , Mehilli Julinda , Van Boven Ad J. , Regar Evelyn , Sawaya Fadi J. , Chamié Daniel , Kraaijeveld Adriaan O. , Hovasse Thomas , Vlachojannis Georgios J. 
Published: December 2017

Background—
To assess the vessel-healing pattern of Ultimaster drug-eluting stent using optical frequency domain imaging. Our hypothesis is that biodegradable polymer-based drug-eluting technology allows complete very early strut coverage.

Methods and Results—
The DISCOVERY 1TO3 study (Evaluation With OFDI of Strut Coverage of Terumo New Drug Eluting Stent With Biodegradable Polymer at 1, 2, and 3 Months) is a prospective, single-arm, multicenter study. A total of 60 patients with multivessel disease requiring staged procedure at 1 month were treated with Ultimaster. Optical frequency domain imaging was acquired at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 months. The primary end point is optical frequency domain imaging–assessed strut coverage at 3 months. Mean age of patients was 67.2±9.9 years, and 73.3% were male, and 36.7% presented with acute coronary syndrome. A total of 132 lesions were treated, with average 1.4 lesions per patient treated at baseline and 1.1 lesions treated at 1 month. Strut coverage at 3 months of single implanted stents (n=71, primary end point) was 95.2±5.2% and of combined single and overlapped stents was 95.4±4.9%. Strut coverage of combined single and overlapped stents at 1 (n=49) and 2 months (n=38) was 85.1±12.7% and 87.9±10.8%, respectively. The median neointimal hyperplasia thickness was 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06 mm, whereas mean neointimal hyperplasia obstruction was 4.5±2.4%, 5.2±3.4%, and 6.6±3.3% at 1, 2, and 3 months, respectively.

Conclusions—
Nearly complete strut coverage was observed in this complex population very early after implantation of Ultimaster drug-eluting stent.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01844843.
Three-Year Outcomes of Surgical Versus Endovascular Revascularization for Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Iida Osamu , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Soga Yoshimitsu , Kodama Akio , Terashi Hiroto , Azuma Nobuyoshi 
Published: December 2017

Background—
The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between surgical reconstruction and endovascular therapy (EVT) for critical limb ischemia (CLI) in today’s real-world settings.

Methods and Results—

This multicenter, prospective, observational study registered and followed 548 Japanese CLI patients. The registration was in advance of revascularization; 197 patients were scheduled to receive surgical reconstruction, and the remaining 351 were scheduled to receive EVT. The primary end point was 3-year amputation-free survival, compared between the 2 treatments in an intention-to-treat manner, using propensity score matching. Interaction analysis was additionally performed to explore which subgroups had better outcomes with surgical reconstruction or EVT. After propensity score matching, the 3-year amputation-free survival was not significantly different between the 2 groups (52% [95% confidence interval, 43%–60%] and 52% [95% confidence interval, 44–60%];
P
=0.26). Subsequent interaction analysis identified (1) Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) classification W-3, (2) fI-2/3, (3) history of ipsilateral minor amputation, (4) history of revascularization after CLI onset, and (5) bilateral CLI as the factors more favorable for surgical reconstruction, whereas (1) diabetes mellitus, (2) renal failure, (3) anemia, (4) history of nonadherence to cardiovascular risk management, and (5) contralateral major amputation were as those less favorable for surgical reconstruction.

Conclusions—
The 3-year amputation-free survival was not different between surgical reconstruction and EVT in the overall CLI population. The subsequent interaction analysis suggested that there would be a subgroup more suited for surgical reconstruction and another benefiting more from EVT.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/
. Unique identifier: UMIN000007050.
Successful Percutaneous Mitral Paravalvular Leak Closure Is Associated With Improved Midterm Survival
Authors: Alkhouli Mohamad , Zack Chad J. , Sarraf Mohammad , Eleid Mackram F. , Cabalka Allison K. , Reeder Guy S. , Hagler Donald J. , Maalouf Joseph F. , Nkomo Vuyisile T. , Rihal Charanjit S. 
Published: December 2017

Background—
Percutaneous closure of prosthetic mitral valve paravalvular leak (PVL) has emerged as an alternative to surgical treatment in high-risk patients. Limited data exist on the impact of successful percutaneous PVL closure on midterm outcomes.

Methods and Results—

We examined consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous mitral PVL closure at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, between January 2006 and January 2017. Procedural success, in-hospital outcomes, and midterm mortality were assessed. A total of 231 patients underwent percutaneous mitral PVL repair at a mean age of 67±12 years. Mean time from mitral valve replacement to percutaneous PVL repair was 1.25 (0.31–7.25) years. One hundred sixty-two patients (70%) had ≤mild PVL after the procedure. Compared with those who had >mild residual PVL, patients with ≤mild residual PVL had lower rates of repeat surgical interventions (6% versus 17%;
P
=0.004) and lower all-cause mortality at 30 days (1% versus 14%;
P
<0.001) and 1 year (15% versus 39%;
P
<0.001). Survival at 3 years was 61% in patients who had ≤mild residual leak and 47% in patients with higher grade of residual PVL (
P
=0.002).

Conclusions—
In a large consecutive cohort of patients undergoing percutaneous mitral PVL closure, successful percutaneous reduction of the PVL to mild or less was associated with significant midterm survival benefit.
ACIST-FFR Study (Assessment of Catheter-Based Interrogation and Standard Techniques for Fractional Flow Reserve Measurement)
Authors: Fearon William F. , Chambers Jeffrey W. , Seto Arnold H. , Sarembock Ian J. , Raveendran Ganesh , Sakarovitch Charlotte , Yang Lingyao , Desai Manisha , Jeremias Allen , Price Matthew J. 
Published: December 2017

Background—
Measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR) to guide coronary revascularization lags despite robust supportive data, partly because of the handling characteristics of traditional coronary pressure wires. An optical pressure-monitoring microcatheter, which can be advanced over a traditional coronary guidewire, facilitates FFR assessment but may underestimate pressure wire–derived FFR.

Methods and Results—

In this prospective, multicenter trial, 169 patients underwent FFR assessment with a pressure wire alone and with a pressure microcatheter over the pressure wire. An independent core laboratory performed quantitative coronary angiography and evaluated all pressure tracings. The primary end point was the bias or difference between the microcatheter FFR and the pressure wire FFR, as assessed by Bland–Altman analysis. The mean difference between the microcatheter and the pressure wire–derived FFR values was −0.022 (95% confidence interval, −0.029 to −0.015). On multivariable analysis, reference vessel diameter (
P
=0.027) and lesion length (
P
=0.044) were independent predictors of bias between the 2 FFR measurements. When the microcatheter FFR was added to this model, it was the only independent predictor of bias (
P
<0.001). The mean FFR value from the microcatheter was significantly lower than from the pressure wire (0.81 versus 0.83;
P
<0.001). In 3% of cases (95% confidence interval, 1.3%–6.7%), there was clinically meaningful diagnostic discordance, with the FFR from the pressure wire >0.80 and that from the microcatheter <0.75. These findings were similar when including all 210 patients with site-reported paired FFR data.

Conclusions—
An optical, pressure-monitoring microcatheter measures lower FFR compared with a pressure wire, but the diagnostic impact appears to be minimal in most cases.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02577484.