bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UCP2 Regulates Embryonic Neurogenesis via ROS-Mediated Yap Alternation in the Developing Neocortex
Authors: Ji Fen , Shen Tianjin , Zou Wenzheng , Jiao Jianwei 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is a fundamental process in tissue development. How this process play functions in embryonic neurogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we show that mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) regulates the embryonic neurogenesis by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which affect the proliferation of progenitors. In the embryonic brains of UCP2 knockdown or condition knockout mice, the proliferation of progenitors is significantly increased, while the differentiation of progenitors is reduced. Furthermore, we identify that Yap is the response protein of UCP2-mediated ROS production. When UCP2 is inactive, the production of ROS is increased. The amount of Yap protein is increased as Yap degradation through ubiquitin–proteasome proteolytic pathway is decreased. The defect caused by UCP2 depression can be rescued by Yap downregulation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that UCP2 regulates embryonic neurogenesis through ROS-mediated Yap alternation, thus shedding new sight on mitochondrial metabolism involved in embryonic neurogenesis.
Retinoic Acid Inducible Gene 1 Protein (RIG1)-Like Receptor Pathway Is Required for Efficient Nuclear Reprogramming
Authors: Sayed Nazish , Ospino Frank , Himmati Farhan , Lee Jieun , Chanda Palas , Mocarski Edward S. , Cooke John P. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We have revealed a critical role for innate immune signaling in nuclear reprogramming to pluripotency, and in the nuclear reprogramming required for somatic cell transdifferentiation. Activation of innate immune signaling causes global changes in the expression and activity of epigenetic modifiers to promote epigenetic plasticity. In our previous articles, we focused on the role of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in this signaling pathway. Here, we define the role of another innate immunity pathway known to participate in response to viral RNA, the retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 receptor (RIG-1)-like receptor (RLR) pathway. This pathway is represented by the sensors of viral RNA, RIG-1, LGP2, and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5). We first found that TLR3 deficiency only causes a partial inhibition of nuclear reprogramming to pluripotency in mouse tail-tip fibroblasts, which motivated us to determine the contribution of RLR. We found that knockdown of interferon beta promoter stimulator 1, the common adaptor protein for the RLR family, substantially reduced nuclear reprogramming induced by retroviral or by modified messenger RNA expression of Oct 4, Sox2, KLF4, and c-MYC (OSKM). Importantly, a double knockdown of both RLR and TLR3 pathway led to a further decrease in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) colonies suggesting an additive effect of both these pathways on nuclear reprogramming. Furthermore, in murine embryonic fibroblasts expressing a doxycycline (dox)-inducible cassette of the genes encoding OSKM, an RLR agonist increased the yield of iPSCs. Similarly, the RLR agonist enhanced nuclear reprogramming by cell permeant peptides of the Yamanaka factors. Finally, in the dox-inducible system, RLR activation promotes activating histone marks in the promoter region of pluripotency genes. To conclude, innate immune signaling mediated by RLR plays a critical role in nuclear reprogramming. Manipulation of innate immune signaling may facilitate nuclear reprogramming to achieve pluripotency.
Highly accurate error estimate of the momentum theory as applied to wind turbines
Authors: Bontempo R. , Manna M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe paper provides a verification of the well‐known momentum theories by comparing their results with those of a semi‐analytical method based on the exact solution of the flow through an actuator disk. In fact, many error sources are disseminated in these theories. Specifically, the axial momentum balance is diffusely applied in an approximate differential form, and several linearization are customarily introduced in the equations of the motion. In the present study, an analytical formulation of these two kinds of errors is provided and a set of data generated with controlled accuracy is used to quantify them both in terms of global (power coefficient) and local (axial velocity at the disk plane) quantities. The overall errors increase by increasing the thrust coefficient and decreasing the tip speed ratio. Although the errors can be generally considered small in terms of global performance coefficients, the differences between the two methods are significant when looking at local quantities. In particular, for the cases presented herein, the momentum theory is shown to overestimate the axial velocity at the tip and at the disk centre regions and to underestimate this velocity elsewhere. For low values of the tip speed ratio, an underestimation also occurs in the zone near to the disk centre. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining kill rates of ungulate calves by brown bears using neck‐mounted cameras
Authors: Brockman Christopher J. , Collins William B. , Welker Jeffery M. , Spalinger Donald E. , Dale Bruce W. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTPredation of moose (Alces alces) and caribou (Rangifer tarandas) calves by brown bears (Ursus arctos) has been extensively studied, because predation has population implications for both predator and prey species. Existing methods have provided estimates of population‐level predation rates, but they have not been able to estimate kill rates by individual bears until recently and the accuracy of these estimates was unknown. Our objectives were to evaluate whether collars equipped with video cameras would be able to record predation events by brown bears and provide useful estimates of ungulate kill rates. We fitted 17 brown bears in the Nelchina Basin of Alaska, USA, with Global Positioning System (GPS) collars equipped with cameras in the spring of 2011, 2012, and 2013. We retrieved the collars in late June of each year to download the video data and associated GPS locations. To compensate for incomplete sampling, we constructed a calf risk model from previous calf mortality studies and used it to predict total calf kills for each bear through the end of June. The camera collars documented kill rates considerably greater than previous estimates. Median handling times by bears were 40 min for caribou calves and 60 min for moose calves. These short handling times should be considered by future researchers when trying to evaluate kill detectability and when factoring calf mortality into population models. We demonstrate that this technology can be successfully applied in the field and provide recommendations on the video sampling intervals necessary to detect predation rates. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Human risk induced behavioral shifts in refuge use by elk in an agricultural matrix
Authors: Visscher Darcy R. , Macleod Ian , Vujnovic Ksenija , Vujnovic Dragomir , Dewitt Philip D. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTScientists increasingly acknowledge the influence that nonlethal effects of predation have on structuring wildlife‐landscape interactions. In landscapes dominated by human activities, wildlife can respond to human disturbance in a similar fashion to the risk of predation. Further, the risk allocation hypothesis suggests that individuals respond most strongly to risk when it is spatially and temporally predictable. We predict that individuals in agriculturally dominated landscapes will respond to potential risk from humans during hunting season by shifting their behavior to avoid agricultural areas during the day, instead retreating to refuge habitat. We predict that this shift to more nocturnal behavior will be strongest for elk (Cervus elaphus) adult female–calf pairs and will be influenced by the level of moon illumination. Using motion‐sensing cameras, we studied the response of elk moving between the Wainwright Dunes Ecological Reserve (a hunting refuge) and surrounding agriculturally dominated landscape in east‐central Alberta, Canada, to human disturbance in relation to sunrise and sunset. Elk became increasingly nocturnal with the onset of hunting, leaving the refuge following sunset and returning to the refuge earlier before sunrise. Further, elk became increasingly nocturnal in response to greater levels of moon illumination. Lastly, we found that adult female–calf pairs perceived greater risks associated with diurnal activity and exhibited the most nocturnal behavior relative to other demographic classes. Our results suggest that ungulate management based on traditional hunting seasons and times may be problematic as it creates strong cues for resident elk, allowing them to minimize risk by avoiding risky places at risky times in accordance with the risk allocation hypothesis. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
The Influence of Clinical and Patient‐Reported Outcomes on Post‐surgery Satisfaction in Cholecystectomy Patients
Authors: McLean K. A. , Sheng Z. , O’Neill S. , Boyce K. , Jones C. , Wigmore S. J. , Harrison E. M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐reported outcomes (PROMs) and post‐operative satisfaction have become a growing focus of surgical outcome evaluation and are considered key components of the movement towards patient‐centred care. The aim was to compare the association of traditional clinical outcome measures and PROMs with post‐surgery satisfaction in cholecystectomy patients.MethodsPatients who had undergone elective or emergency cholecystectomy for gallstone disease were sent validated PROM questionnaires, and telephone follow‐up was performed in all cases. Categorical data were compared with the Chi‐square and Fisher’s exact tests. Satisfaction was investigated using a “top‐box” approach, and multivariable logistic regression was performed for factors significantly (p < 0.05) associated with satisfaction in univariable analyses.ResultsA total of 234 patients underwent cholecystectomy between 1 March 2014 and 1 May 2014, and 147 patients (63%) completed the questionnaire. 104/147 (71%) reported being “very satisfied” with their surgical outcome. In univariable analyses, satisfaction showed significant association with an absence of hospital‐recorded 30‐day complications (OR = 4.11, 95% CI 1.29–13.84), but not re‐attendance, readmission, or length of stay. In a multiple regression analysis, no traditional clinical outcome measures were associated with satisfaction. By contrast, self‐perceived health (OR = 4.04, 95% CI 1.44–11.86), the absence of patient‐reported wound pain (OR = 6.11, 95% CI 1.83–21.74), and a return to normal leisure activities (OR = 11.14, 95% CI 2.61–55.26) were associated with satisfaction.ConclusionPROMs are the major determinants of patient satisfaction following cholecystectomy. When assessing outcomes following cholecystectomy, the measurement of clinical outcomes alone is inadequate and should be supplemented by the use of PROMs.
Using Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures for Quality Improvement in Clinical Genetics: an Exploratory Study
Authors: Costal Tirado A. , McDermott A. M. , Thomas C. , Ferrick D. , Harris J. , Edwards A. , McAllister Marion 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInternational advocacy of patient‐centred healthcare delivery has led to emphasis on the (re)design and evaluation of healthcare processes and outcomes from a patient perspective. Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) have significant potential to inform such attempts. However there is limited understanding of the processes by which this can be achieved. This exploratory study followed attempts to utilise two different PROMs measures to support service quality improvement in clinical genetics. PROMs used were the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS‐24), a well‐validated clinical genetics‐specific PROM and Euroqol (EQ‐5D), a generic PROM favoured by the UK National Institute for Health and Excellence (NICE). Both of these PROMs enable pre/post intervention comparison. A service audit tool was also used, premised on a patient‐reported experience measure. In addition, the study draws on interviews with clinical staff to identify challenges associated with the use of PROMs (response rate, data collection, analysis). Benefits are also explored and include the provision of insight into patients’ needs; complementing clinical judgement; identification of needs being met, evidencing the benefit of services provided; prompting consideration of areas requiring attention; and encouraging professional development.
Seed re‐dispersal of four myrmecochorous plants by a keystone ant in central China
Authors: Zhu Yan , Wang Dong , Codella Sylvio G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSeed re‐dispersal following initial harvesting by ants may have important implications for the distribution and fate of myrmecochorous seeds. However, the probability of seed re‐dispersed by ants and the effect it may have on subsequent survival appear variable, the functional role of diaspore, disperser and seed predator to the fate of discarded seeds remain unclear. To clarify the ecology, we compared the consequences of seed re‐dispersal by a keystone seed‐dispersing ant (Myrmica ruginodis Nylander) for four sympatric myrmecochorous plants common to the temperate deciduous forests in Qinling Mountains, central China. Plants varied in the probability of re‐dispersal and in elaiosome condition. Ants preferred seeds with residual elaiosomes, while rodents only consumed the two larger‐seeded species, regardless of the elaiosome presence. The scattered distribution of discarded seeds increased the probability of ant re‐harvesting and, to some extent, reduced rodent predation. Thus, difference in the probability of seed re‐dispersal and its subsequent effect on seed fate in relation to ants and rodents was attributed primarily to the elaiosome condition, seed size and seed spatial pattern. The results imply that seed re‐dispersal could affect the fitness of plants and ultimately influence the plant abundance and distribution pattern. This highlights the necessity to incorporate re‐dispersal into myrmecochory to advance our understanding of the benefits of myrmecochory to plants.
Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis of Co-Genetic Granite-Pegmatite-Hosted Rare Metal and Rare Earth Deposits of the Kawadgaon Area, Bastar Craton, Central India
Authors: Singh Yamuna , Pandit P. S. C. , Bagora Sanjay , Jain P. K. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Co-genetic pegmatites associated with the granite of the Kawadgaon area in the Bastar craton, Central India, contain a wide range of ore minerals of Nb, Ta, Be, Sn, Zr, Ti, and REE, including columbite-tantalite, ixiolite, pseudo-ixiolite, wodginite, tapiolite, microlite, fersmite, euxenite, aeschynite, beryl, cassiterite, monazite, xenotime, zircon, ilmenite, triplite, and magnetite. There is a distinct vertical zonation between the rare metal and tin pegmatites in apical parts of the host granite. Geochemically, these are LCT-S type, beryl-columbite-phosphate pegmatites that have notably high contents of SiO2 (av. 73.80%), Rb (av. 381 ppm), and Nb (av. 132 ppm). The investigated granites probably were derived from the melting of older crustal rocks, as indicated by a high initial 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratio, and the major-element geochemistry of the granites and pegmatites. Plots of mol. CaO/(MgO+FeOt) vs. mol. Al O /(MgO+FeOt) suggest that the source rock was pelitic metasediments. Based on the available data, it is postulated that the derivation of pegmatites from the parent granite occurred shortly after granite emplacement in the late Archaean-early Proterozoic (∼2500 Ma). The K/Rb, Ba/Rb, and Rb/Sr ratios of the felsic bodies reveal that a substantial part of the granite formed from evolved melts, and further fractionation produced the co-genetic pegmatites and associated rare metal and rare earth deposits.
Metamict U-rich Pyrochlore of Newania Carbonatite, Udaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Viladkar S. G. , Bismayer U. , Zietlow P. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
U-rich pyrochlore (UO2 up to 18.63%) occurs along the magmatic bands as well as disseminated grains within rauhaugites of the Newania complex. UO2 appears to be primary as it seems mostly evenly distributed all over the grains, though in one grain it does show concentration in parts. Ta is also an important element in some pyrochlore grains and its concentration reaches up to 17.15%. High U and Th are responsible for bringing metamictization in the Newania pyrochlore. Newania carbonatite has a complex emplacement history; rauhaugite seems to have been replaced at 2200 Ma years followed by emplacement of ankeritic carbonatite at around 1500 Ma. Later during tectonic event pyrochlore was involved in reaction with hydrothermal fluid and at this stage Fe and FeS were deposited on the rims of pyrochlore grains. At the same time pyrochlore was subjected to hydro-thermal alteration resulting in removal of Na, Ca and F leaving large vacancy in its A-site. Very few grains have escaped such alteration.
Metamorphic Zonal Sequences of Pelitic Schists and Gneisses from the Area around Kandra (Jharkhand): Constraints from Field and Textural Relationship
Authors: Prakash Divya , Patel Dhananjay Kumar , Tewari Suparna , Yadav Manoj Kumar , Yadav Roopali 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
The pelitic schists of the area around Kandra, Singhbhum district, Jharkhand belong to the Chaibasa Formation of the Singhbhum Group, which constitute a part of the youngest Precambrian orogenic cycle of the Singhbhum region. Structurally, the area represents the Singhbhum anticlinorium and is overlain by Dalma traps which form the synclinorium towards the north of the area around Kandra. This area mainly consists of medium to high grade rocks belonging to greenschist and amphibolite facies. These rocks are folded in the E-W trending doubly plunging folds (F1) overturned towards the south with low plunges and superposed by cross-folds (F2). The spatial distribution of the index minerals in the pelitic schists of the area shows Barrovian type of metamorphism. Four isograds, viz. biotite, garnet, staurolite and sillimanite have been delineated by the first appearance of the index minerals and also by isograd reactions. The textural relation suggests that sillimanite is formed from staurolite consumption reaction instead of kyanite consumption.
Facies Characterization of the Surma Group (Miocene) Sediments from Jalalabad Gas Field, Sylhet Trough, Bangladesh: Study from Cores and Wireline Log
Authors: Khanam Farida , Rahman M. Julleh Jalalur , Alam M. Mustafa , Abdullah Rashed 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
The Sylhet trough located on the north-eastern margin of present Bengal basin, contains ~22 km of Tertiary sediments and well known as a hydrocarbon producing province. A detailed facies characterization of the subsurface Miocene Surma Group sediments (especial emphasis on reservoirs sandstones) from Jalalabad gas field within the Sylhet trough has been done using core log analysis and wireline log (gamma ray) interpretation. Texture and sedimentary structures of the cores suggests that the nine individual lithofacies types which can be grouped together into three facies associations, namely, fine-grained facies associations (FFA), medium-grained facies association (MFA) and coarse-grained facies associations (CFA). Major changes in gamma ray log motifs and various bounding discontinuities indicate six para-sequence sets (basin wide) and twenty eight para-sequences (local environmental changes) within the depth range from 2200-2800 m. Detailed facies analysis of the cores and wireline log reveals that the interbedding facies within the associations in the Surma Group commonly develop small-scale fining-upward (FU) cycles, coarsening-upward (CU) and random intercalations (RD). The sediments of the Surma Group of the Jalalabad field have been interpreted as deposits of the shallow marine to tide-dominated deltaic depositional setting. The cyclic nature of sedimentation pattern of the Surma Group probably records an almost continuous existence of this prograding deltaic regime and a tectonic setting characterized by a mixture of prolonged basin subsidence and regional transgression coupled with sporadic regressive phases.
A Potential Headward Retreat Landslide Site at Munnar, Kerala
Authors: Sajinkumar K. S. , Asokakumar M. R. , Sajeev R. , Venkatraman N. V. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
A potential head ward retreat landslide area was identified in Munnar, a hill station in Western Ghats of Kerala, India. This imminent landslide was suspected to be formed in three different stages viz., evolution of plateau region, upliftment of the plateau region and the consequent slope modification which ultimately facilitated landslide occurrence. Geophysical study through vertical electrical sounding reveals that more than 11 m thick soil is still left in an overhanging position in the crown portion of the land-slide and the thickness continues to the top of that ridge. In the event of high rainfall, the land can fail as there is no toe support, and the slope angle is &gt;40º. This area is adjacent to a college building and in the event of any further landslide, the consequence will be high. Slope stability analysis using one-dimensional infinite slope stability model reveals that the entire area occupied by the college and the adjacent areas are unstable even in dry conditions. Rainfall threshold analysis shows that the landslide occurred due to very high amount of a 5-day antecedent rainfall rather than a daily rainfall during the monsoon. All these point towards a pressing requirement of landslide management practices in this area. This study also attempts to suggest a few management practices to minimize the effect of landslides.
Tectonics and Sedimentation of SW Sarawak Basin, Malaysia, NW Borneo
Authors: Khan Aftab Alam , Abdullah Wan Hasiah , Hassan Meor Hakif , Iskandar Khairinizam 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Structurally SW Sarawak basin is a southward sloping basement characterized by passive margin tectonic that has undergone through varioius tectonic phases viz., Triassic extension, Cretaceous transpression and Oligo-Miocene compression. Rock types and sedimentation of deeper basin zone situated between Schwaner mountains block to the south and SW Sarawak basin to the north suggest progressive marine sedimentation. E-W trending Cretaceous carbonate platform (CCP) occurs in the SW Sarawak basin signify a shelf zone where shallow marine sedimentation progressed during Cretaceous transpression. Oligo- Miocene volcanics from subduction melts intercepted basin profusely forming northwest-southeast trending continental arc zone derived from partial melting of subducting slab underneath SW Sarawak basin. Back-arc extension prevailed during Oligo- Miocene and formed several extensional features. Oligo-Miocene subduction also resulted in closure and exhumation of Sri Aman marginal sea-basin to the east. SW Sarawak basin is further divided in two sub-basins viz., Senibong to the west and Kuching to the east separated by a northeast trending morphotectonic ridge that signify structural element formed due to shearing. Marine sedimentation progressed in these sub-basins mainly during Triassic–Jurassic while tidal and fluviatile sedimentation progressed during early to mid-Tertiary having total thickness of sediments about 9 km. Basin closure and exhumation is marked mainly by the formation of Cretaceous carbonate build-up that has been intruded and dissected by the Oligo-Miocene volcanics. Senibong and Kuching sub-basins are characterized by wide range of transpressive features, while, Sri Aman marginal sea-basin is characterized by oceanic assemblages, ophiolite, serpentinite and pillow basalt.