bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental biology of the early Cambrian cnidarian Olivooides
Authors: Dong Xi‐Ping , Vargas Kelly , Cunningham John A. , Zhang Huaqiao , Liu Teng , Chen Fang , Liu Jianbo , Bengtson Stefan , Donoghue Philip C. J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFossilized embryos afford direct insight into the pattern of development in extinct organisms, providing unique tests of hypotheses of developmental evolution based in comparative embryology. However, these fossils can only be effective in this role if their embryology and phylogenetic affinities are well constrained. We elucidate and interpret the development of Olivooides from embryonic and adult stages and use these data to discriminate among competing interpretations of their anatomy and affinity. The embryology of Olivooides is principally characterized by the development of an ornamented periderm that initially forms externally and is subsequently formed internally, released at the aperture, facilitating the direct development of the embryo into an adult theca. Internal anatomy is known only from embryonic stages, revealing two internal tissue layers, the innermost of which is developed into three transversally arranged walls that partly divide the lumen into an abapertural region, interpreted as the gut of a polyp, and an adapertural region that includes structures that resemble the peridermal teeth of coronate scyphozoans. The anatomy and pattern of development exhibited by Olivooides appears common to the other known genus of olivooid, Quadrapyrgites, which differs in its tetraradial, as opposed to pentaradial symmetry. We reject previous interpretations of the olivooids as cycloneuralians, principally on the grounds that they lack a through gut and introvert, in embryo and adult. Instead we consider the affinities of the olivooids among medusozoan cnidarians; our phylogenetic analysis supports their classification as total‐group Coronata, within crown‐Scyphozoa. Olivooides and Quadrapyrgites evidence a broader range of life history strategies and bodyplan symmetry than is otherwise commonly represented in extant Scyphozoa specifically, and Cnidaria more generally.
Critical incidents, including cardiac arrest, associated with pediatric anesthesia at a tertiary teaching children's hospital
Authors: Lee Ji‐Hyun , Kim Eun‐Kyung , Song In‐Kyung , Kim Eun‐Hee , Kim Hee‐Soo , Kim Chong‐Sung , Kim Jin‐Tae 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackgroundAnalysis of critical incidents provides valuable information to improve the quality and safety of patient care. This study identified and analyzed pediatric anesthesia‐related critical incidents including cardiac arrests in a tertiary teaching children's hospital.MethodsAll pediatric anesthesia‐related critical incidents reported in a voluntary departmental reporting system between January 2008 and August 2013 were included in the analysis. A critical incident was defined as (i) any incident that altered patients' vital signs and affected the management of patients while they were under the care of an anesthesiologist, and (ii) human factor: where patient injury or accidents were as a result of human error. Changes in vital signs that recovered spontaneously were excluded.ResultsDuring the 6‐year study period, a total of 229 critical incidents were reported from 49 373 anesthetic procedures. The most frequently reported incidents were associated with the respiratory system (55%), with tracheal tube‐related events accounting for 40.9% of respiratory incidents followed by laryngospasm (17.3% of respiratory incidents). Cardiac arrest occurred in 42 cases in this study (8.5 cases per 10 000 anesthetics). Cardiovascular problems were the major causes of cardiac arrest (66.7%), and incidents of cardiogenic shock and hemorrhage/hypotension contributed equally to the cardiac arrest induced by cardiovascular problems (each 16.7%). Human factor‐related events accounted for 58.5% of all critical incidents of which 53.7% were respiratory events.ConclusionDespite recent improvements in safety of pediatric anesthesia, many preventable factors still remain that can lead to critical incidents.
Comparative Efficacy of Newer Antidepressants in Combination with Pregabalin for Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Controlled, Randomized Study
Authors: Ramzy Eiad A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis controlled, randomized study investigated the hypothesis that the combined use of pregabalin plus paroxetine for fibromyalgia management would be associated with comparable Somatic Symptoms Scale‐8 (SSS‐8) and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESDS) scores, but higher tolerability than the combined use of pregabalin plus either amitriptyline or venlafaxine.MethodsAfter institutional ethics committee approval, 75 female subjects diagnosed with fibromyalgia and in receipt of pregabalin (75 mg/day) were randomly allocated to concurrently receive amitriptyline (25 mg/day; n = 24), venlafaxine (75 mg/day; n = 25), or paroxetine (25 mg/day; n = 26). All patients were assessed bimonthly for 6 consecutive months for changes in SSS‐8 and CESDS scores, life satisfaction, mood, sleep quality, fatigue, medication tolerability, and adverse events.ResultsCompared with pregabalin plus amitriptyline or venlafaxine, the combined use of pregabalin plus paroxetine in fibromyalgia patients resulted in significantly lower SSS‐8 and CESDS scores from 18 (P < 0.05) and 10 weeks (P < 0.001) after the initiation of study medications, respectively; higher medication tolerability (P < 0.001); improved life satisfaction, mood, and sleep quality at most observation times (P < 0.05); and fewer instances of dry mouth and elevated blood pressure (P < 0.02). Medication termination due to poor tolerability was observed most frequently in the venlafaxine group (P < 0.05), while drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, abnormal taste, hunger, hallucination, urination problems, and sexual dysfunction were observed most frequently in the amitriptyline group (P < 0.02).ConclusionThe combined use of pregabalin plus paroxetine offers an effective method with increased tolerability to reduce the somatic and depressive symptoms of fibromyalgia and to enhance the quality of life in affected individuals.
Effects of Flexibility in Coping with Menstrual Pain on Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Kato Tsukasa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCoping flexibility refers to the ability to discontinue an ineffective coping strategy and replace it with a more effective alternative. The coping flexibility hypothesis (CFH) predicts that more flexible coping will produce more adaptive outcomes. This study tested CFH validity among young Japanese women with menstrual pain. A total of 186 college students, who reported menstrual pain as being the most frequent pain they suffered over the past year, completed questionnaires related to coping flexibility and strategies for dealing with menstrual pain. Additionally, they reported on later depressive symptoms experienced during menstruation. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that menstrual pain coping flexibility was significantly associated with reduced depressive symptoms during menstruation, even after controlling for the effects of menstrual pain intensity and coping strategies. Thus, the CFH was supported by the data obtained from menstrual pain sufferers in college.
A Comparison of Maternal versus Paternal Nonverbal Behavior During Child Pain
Authors: Schinkel Meghan G. , Chambers Christine T. , Caes Line , Moon Erin C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractParental behavior plays a significant role in children's pain response. Prior research has found generally no differences between mothers’ and fathers’ verbal behavior during child pain. This study compared mothers’ and fathers’ nonverbal behavior during child pain. Nonverbal behavior of mothers (n = 39) and fathers (n = 39) of 39 children (20 boys) aged 8 to 12 years who participated in the cold pressor task (counterbalanced once with each parent) was coded. A range of nonverbal behaviors were coded, including distraction, physical proximity, physical comfort/reassurance, procedure‐related attending behavior, and fidgeting. The most common behaviors parents engaged in were fidgeting, procedure‐related attending behaviors, and physical proximity. Results indicated that the types of nonverbal behavior parents engage in did not differ between mothers and fathers. However, children of mothers who engaged in more physical comfort/reassurance reported higher levels of pain intensity, and children of mothers who engaged in more procedure‐related attending behaviors had lower pain tolerance. Further, both mothers and fathers who engaged in higher levels of verbal nonattending behaviors also engaged in lower levels of nonverbal procedure‐related attending behaviors. These findings further support the importance of considering the influence of mothers and fathers in children's pain, and provide novel insights into the role of nonverbal behavior.
Bean pod mottle virus: a new powerful tool for functional genomics studies in Pisum sativum
Authors: Meziadi Chouaib , Blanchet Sophie , Richard Manon M.S. , Pilet‐Nayel Marie‐Laure , Geffroy Valérie , Pflieger Stéphanie 
Published: February 2016

SummaryPea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important legume worldwide. The importance of pea in arable rotations and nutritional value for both human and animal consumption have fostered sustained production and different studies to improve agronomic traits of interest. Moreover, complete sequencing of the pea genome is currently underway and will lead to the identification of a large number of genes potentially associated with important agronomic traits. Because stable genetic transformation is laborious for pea, virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) appears as a powerful alternative technology for determining the function of unknown genes. In this work, we present a rapid and efficient viral inoculation method using DNA infectious plasmids of Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV)‐derived VIGS vector. Six pea genotypes with important genes controlling biotic and/or abiotic stresses were found susceptible to BPMV carrying a GFP reporter gene and showed fluorescence in both shoots and roots. In a second step, we investigated 37 additional pea genotypes and found that 30 were susceptible to BPMV and only 7 were resistant. The capacity of BPMV to induce silencing of endogenes was investigated in the most susceptible genotype using two visual reporter genes: PsPDS and PsKORRIGAN1 (PsKOR1) encoding PHYTOENE DESATURASE and a 1,4‐β‐D‐glucanase, respectively. The features of the ‘one‐step’ BPMV‐derived VIGS vector include (i) the ease of rub‐inoculation, without any need for biolistic or agro‐inoculation procedures, (ii) simple cost‐effective procedure and (iii) noninterference of viral symptoms with silencing. These features make BPMV the most adapted VIGS vector in pea to make low‐ to high‐throughput VIGS studies.
Insomnia, parasomnia, and predisposing factors in Turkish school children
Authors: Ozgun Nezir , Sonmez F Mujgan , Topbas Murat , Can Gamze , Goker Zeynep 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundInsomnia and parasomnia are the most commonly seen sleep disorders in childhood. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of insomnia and parasomnia in school children in a metropolitan area (Trabzon) of Turkey. This is the first study on this issue in Turkey to use a large sample size.MethodsAn 84‐item questionnaire was administered to 5200 school children from different socioeconomic levels in 10 primary and 10 secondary schools. The questionnaire included items on the symptoms of sleep disorders and the predisposing factors according to The International Classification of Sleep Disorders‐2 (ICSD‐2) criteria, sleep habits, as well as demographic, social and economic status. Of the 5200 questionnaires, 4144 were evaluated after elimination of questionnaires with insufficient or incorrect information.ResultsA total of 780 children (18.8%) were diagnosed with insomnia and 1980 (47.8%) were diagnosed with parasomnia. No significant gender difference was observed. Snoring was more common in boys while sleep talking and nightmares were more common in girls (P < 0.05). Sleep talking was the most common type of parasomnia (28.4%), followed by bruxism (14.1%), nightmares (12.9%), primary snoring (7.2%), night terror (5.7%), enuresis (4.7%), and sleepwalking (4.2%). With increasing age, total sleep duration and parasomnia prevalence decreased and prevalence of insomnia increased significantly (P < 0.05).ConclusionPrevalence of sleep disorders and their predisposing factors were similar to that in the literature. This is of great importance for the diagnosis, follow up and treatment of sleep disturbance in outpatient clinics, especially in pediatric neurology departments.
Men's sociosexuality is sensitive to changes in mate availability
Authors: ARNOCKY STEVEN , WOODRUFF NATHAN , SCHMITT DAVID P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCorrelational research has linked mate availability to human sexual behavior, whereby unrestricted sociosexuality seems to be most common under conditions of female abundance. In this study, 71 heterosexual men were randomly assigned to one of two mate availability priming conditions, mate scarcity or mate abundance, and subsequently completed measures of sociosexuality as well as infidelity intentions. Results indicated that men in the mate abundance condition reported stronger sociosexual attitudes and desires, and among those currently in relationships, stronger infidelity intentions. These findings were contrasted with those from a separate sample of 66 heterosexual undergraduate women. Mate scarcity had no effects on women's sociosexuality or infidelity intentions. Findings suggest that when mates are scarce, men will adopt a sociosexual orientation aimed at maintaining a single partner.
Physical activity and its correlates in children and adolescents post‐liver transplant
Authors: Patterson Catherine , So Stephanie , Schneiderman Jane E. , Stephens Derek , Stephens Samantha 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe health benefits of PA are well established for healthy and chronically ill children. This study objectively measures physical fitness and PA levels in children PLT and explores potential correlates and perceived barriers impacting their PA. A total of 23 children (16 females, mean 14.01 ± 2.49 yrs) >1 yr PLT were assessed for peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility. MVPA and steps/day were determined with accelerometry. Additionally, SE, perceived fatigue, and barriers and benefits of PA were examined. VO2peak (mean 33. 2 ± 7.61 mL/kg/min; 77.0 ± 15.6% predicted) and PA (average 6841 ± 2299 steps/day) were below healthy norms. MVPA (31.6 ± 16.1 min/day) was lower than national guidelines. Six participants (30%) attained criterion standards for abdominal strength and one participant (5%) for push‐ups. Fatigue and SE were lower than reported levels in healthy children. A commonly perceived barrier to PA was “I am tired.” A positive correlation was shown between SE and MVPA (r = 0.57, p = 0.007), SE and fatigue (r = 0.54, p = 0.01), and PELD score and fatigue (r = 0.66, p = 0.007). Children PLT demonstrate below normal levels of PA and aerobic capacity. SE is a modifiable correlate of their PA. Further investigation of the impact of PA correlates can guide the development of future innovative PA intervention strategies in children PLT.
Stress Tolerance of the Endemic Antarctic Brown Alga Desmarestia anceps to UV Radiation and Temperature is Mediated by High Concentrations of Phlorotannins
Authors: Flores‐Molina María Rosa , Rautenberger Ralf , Muñoz Pamela , Huovinen Pirjo , Gómez Iván 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe endemic Antarctic brown macroalga Desmarestia anceps is strongly shade‐adapted, but shows also a high capacity to cope with different environmental stressors, e.g. UV radiation and temperature. Therefore, this species colonizes wide depth gradients, which are characterized by changing environmental conditions. In this study, we examine whether the different physiological abilities allowing D. anceps to grow across a wide depth range is determined by high levels of phlorotannins. Photosynthesis, measured by PAM‐fluorometry, the contents of soluble phlorotannins, antioxidant capacities of field grown were analyzed in response to different conditions of radiation (PAR and PAR + UV) and temperature (2, 7 and 12°C). The results show that maximal quantum of fluorescence (Fv/Fm) decreased with increasing doses of UV radiation, but remained unaffected by temperature. High levels of soluble phlorotannins were detected and confirmed by microscopic observation revealing the abundance of large physodes. Exposure to UV radiation and elevated temperature showed that phlorotannins were not inducible by UV but increased at 12°C. ROS scavenging capacity was positively correlated with the contents of phlorotannins. In general, highest contents of phlorotannins were correlated with the lowest inhibition of Fv/Fm in all experimental treatments, highlighting the UV‐protective role of these compounds in D. anceps.
Evaluation of a di‐O‐methylated glycan as a potential antigenic target for the serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis
Authors: Elefant G. R. , Roldán W. H. , Seeböck A. , Kosma P. 
Published: February 2016

SummarySerodiagnosis of human toxocariasis is based on the detection of specific IgG antibodies by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using Toxocara larvae excretory–secretory (TES) antigens, but its production is a laborious and time‐consuming process being also limited by the availability of adult females of T. canis as source for ova to obtain larvae. Chemical synthesis of the di‐O‐methylated (DiM) glycan structure found in the TES antigens has provided material for studying the antibody reactivity in a range of mammalian hosts, showing reactivity with human IgM and IgG. In this study, we have evaluated the performance of the DiM glycan against a panel of sera including patients with toxocariasis (n = 60), patients with other helminth infections (n = 75) and healthy individuals (n = 94), showing that DiM is able to detect IgG antibodies with a sensitivity and specificity of 91·7% and 94·7%, respectively, with a very good agreement with the TES antigens (kappa = 0·825). However, cross‐reactivity was observed in some sera from patients with ascariasis, hymenolepiasis and fascioliasis. These results show that the DiM glycan could be a promising antigenic tool for the serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis.
Air humidity as key determinant of morphogenesis and productivity of the rare temperate woodland fern Polystichum braunii
Authors: Schwerbrock R. , Leuschner C. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract(1) Most ferns are restricted to moist and shady habitats, but it is not known whether soil moisture or atmospheric water status are decisive limiting factors, or if both are equally important. (2) Using the rare temperate woodland fern Polystichum braunii, we conducted a three‐factorial climate chamber experiment (soil moisture (SM) × air humidity (RH) × air temperature (T)) to test the hypotheses that: (i) atmospheric water status (RH) exerts a similarly large influence on the fern's biology as soil moisture, and (ii) both a reduction in RH and an increase in air temperature reduce vigour and growth. (3) Nine of 11 morphological, physiological and growth‐related traits were significantly influenced by an increase in RH from 65% to 95%, leading to higher leaf conductance, increased above‐ and belowground productivity, higher fertility, more epidermal trichomes and fewer leaf deformities under high air humidity. In contrast, soil moisture variation (from 66% to 70% in the moist to ca. 42% in the dry treatment) influenced only one trait (specific leaf area), and temperature variation (15 °C versus 19 °C during daytime) only three traits (leaf conductance, root/shoot ratio, specific leaf area); RH was the only factor affecting productivity. (4) This study is the first experimental proof for a soil moisture‐independent air humidity effect on the growth of terrestrial woodland ferns. P. braunii appears to be an air humidity hygrophyte that, whithin the range of realistic environmental conditions set in this study, suffers more from a reduction in RH than in soil moisture. A climate warming‐related increase in summer temperatures, however, seems not to directly threaten this endangered species.
Decreased reaction time variability is associated with greater cardiovascular responses to acute stress
Authors: Wawrzyniak Andrew J. , Hamer Mark , Steptoe Andrew , Endrighi Romano 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCardiovascular (CV) responses to mental stress are prospectively associated with poor CV outcomes. The association between CV responses to mental stress and reaction times (RTs) in aging individuals may be important but warrants further investigation. The present study assessed RTs to examine associations with CV responses to mental stress in healthy, older individuals using robust regression techniques. Participants were 262 men and women (mean age = 63.3 ± 5.5 years) from the Whitehall II cohort who completed a RT task (Stroop) and underwent acute mental stress (mirror tracing) to elicit CV responses. Blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability were measured at baseline, during acute stress, and through a 75‐min recovery. RT measures were generated from an ex‐Gaussian distribution that yielded three predictors: mu‐RT, sigma‐RT, and tau‐RT, the mean, standard deviation, and mean of the exponential component of the normal distribution, respectively. Decreased intraindividual RT variability was marginally associated with greater systolic (B = −.009, SE = .005, p = .09) and diastolic (B = −.004, SE = .002, p = .08) blood pressure reactivity. Decreased intraindividual RT variability was associated with impaired systolic blood pressure recovery (B = −.007, SE = .003, p = .03) and impaired vagal tone (B = −.0047, SE = .0024, p = .045). Study findings offer tentative support for an association between RTs and CV responses. Despite small effect sizes and associations not consistent across predictors, these data may point to a link between intrinsic neuronal plasticity and CV responses.
The Normal Law Under Linear Restrictions: Simulation and Estimation via Minimax Tilting
Authors: Botev Z. I. 
Published: February 2016

SummarySimulation from the truncated multivariate normal distribution in high dimensions is a recurrent problem in statistical computing and is typically only feasible by using approximate Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. We propose a minimax tilting method for exact independently and identically distributed data simulation from the truncated multivariate normal distribution. The new methodology provides both a method for simulation and an efficient estimator to hitherto intractable Gaussian integrals. We prove that the estimator has a rare vanishing relative error asymptotic property. Numerical experiments suggest that the scheme proposed is accurate in a wide range of set-ups for which competing estimation schemes fail. We give an application to exact independently and identically distributed data simulation from the Bayesian posterior of the probit regression model.