bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CIMI simulations with newly developed multiparameter chorus and plasmaspheric hiss wave models
Authors: Aryan Homayon , Sibeck David G. , Kang Suk‐Bin , Balikhin Michael A. , Fok Mei‐Ching , Agapitov Oleksiy , Komar Colin M. , Kanekal Shrikanth G. , Nagai Tsugunobu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNumerical simulation studies of the Earth's radiation belts are important to understand the acceleration and loss of energetic electrons. The Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere (CIMI) model considers the effects of the ring current and plasmasphere on the radiation belts to obtain plausible results. The CIMI model incorporates pitch angle, energy, and cross diffusion of electrons, due to chorus and plasmaspheric hiss waves. These parameters are calculated using statistical wave distribution models of chorus and plasmaspheric hiss amplitudes. However, currently, these wave distribution models are based only on a single‐parameter, geomagnetic index (AE) and could potentially underestimate the wave amplitudes. Here we incorporate recently developed multiparameter chorus and plasmaspheric hiss wave models based on geomagnetic index and solar wind parameters. We then perform CIMI simulations for two geomagnetic storms and compare the flux enhancement of MeV electrons with data from the Van Allen Probes and Akebono satellites. We show that the relativistic electron fluxes calculated with multiparameter wave models resemble the observations more accurately than the relativistic electron fluxes calculated with single‐parameter wave models. This indicates that wave models based on a combination of geomagnetic index and solar wind parameters are more effective as inputs to radiation belt models.
Spontaneous hot flow anomalies at Mars and Venus
Authors: Collinson Glyn , Sibeck David , Omidi Nick , Grebowsky Joseph , Halekas Jasper , Mitchell David , Espley Jared , Zhang Tielong , Persson Moa , Futaana Yoshifumi , Jakosky Bruce 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe report the first observations of Spontaneous Hot Flow Anomalies (SHFAs) at Venus and Mars, demonstrating their existence in the foreshocks of other planets beyond Earth. Using data from the ESA Venus Express and the NASA Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft, we present magnetic and plasma observations from events at both planets, exhibiting properties similar to “classical” Hot Flow Anomalies, with bounding shock‐like compressive regions and a hot and diffuse core. However, these explosive foreshock transients were observed without any attendant interplanetary magnetic field discontinuity, consistent with SHFAs observed at Earth and our hybrid simulations.
A Study on Sunward Propagating Alfvénic Fluctuations With a Power Law Spectrum Observed by the Wind Spacecraft
Authors: Wu Honghong , Wang Xin , Tu Chuanyi , Wang Linghua , He Jiansen , Tian Hui 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSunward propagating Alfvénic fluctuations with a power law spectrum (SAFP) have been recently observed in the upstream region of the Earth's bow shock. However, some physical properties of these fluctuations such as anisotropy remain unclear. Here we develop a new method for identifying SAFPs, and present for the first time the anisotropy of SAFPs power and spectral index. In this method, the propagation direction determination of SAFPs does not rely on a radial magnetic geometry but the pitch angle distribution of strahl electron outflow. Therefore, the SAFPs with any value of θRB (angle between the global mean magnetic field and the Sun‐to‐Earth radial direction) can be identified, so that enables the study of the spectral anisotropy. We find 508 SAFPs using the Wind spacecraft measurements from 1995 to 2014. We show that the SAFP has an averaged spectral index of −1.77 ± 0.28 and the index changes continuously from −2.18 ± 0.21 when θRB=0°–10° to −1.71 ± 0.03 when θRB=80°–90°. These SAFPs are observed more frequently in the slow solar wind especially at solar minimum. We also select antisunward propagating Alfvénic fluctuations with a power law spectrum using the same method for comparison. The results indicate that the power spectrum of SAFP is steeper, and the spectral intensity as well as the power anisotropy of SAFP is weaker. These new findings may provide information on the generation of turbulence in the upstream region.
Erosion of the plasmasphere during a storm
Authors: Krall J. , Huba J. D. , Sazykin S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe erosion of the plasmasphere during a storm is analyzed using the Naval Research Laboratory Sami3 is Also a Model of the Ionosphere ionosphere/plasmasphere code, coupled to the Rice Convection Model of the inner magnetosphere and ring current. We reproduce the commonly observed poststorm plasmasphere profile, with strong erosion outside of a sharp, poststorm plasmapause, and weak erosion inside the plasmapause. We find that inclusion of the ring current E field sharpens the poststorm plasmapause. In the case of a weak storm, erosion inside the poststorm plasmapause might not occur. In all cases, plasma flows are dominated by E × B drifts. For strong storms, we find that erosion, both inside and outside of the poststorm plasmapause, is caused by outward E × B drifts.
Large‐scale solar wind flow around Saturn's nonaxisymmetric magnetosphere
Authors: Sulaiman A. H. , Jia X. , Achilleos N. , Sergis N. , Gurnett D. A. , Kurth W. S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe interaction between the solar wind and a magnetosphere is central to the dynamics of a planetary system. Here we address fundamental questions on the large‐scale magnetosheath flow around Saturn using a 3‐D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation. We find Saturn's polar‐flattened magnetosphere to channel ~20% more flow over the poles than around the flanks at the terminator. Further, we decompose the MHD forces responsible for accelerating the magnetosheath plasma to find the plasma pressure gradient as the dominant driver. This is by virtue of a high‐β magnetosheath and, in turn, the high‐MA bow shock. Together with long‐term magnetosheath data by the Cassini spacecraft, we present evidence of how nonaxisymmetry substantially alters the conditions further downstream at the magnetopause, crucial for understanding solar wind‐magnetosphere interactions such as reconnection and shear flow‐driven instabilities. We anticipate our results to provide a more accurate insight into the global conditions upstream of Saturn and the outer planets.
Investigating Optimal Memory Enhancement Procedures in Foreign Language Learning
Authors: Huffman William B. , Hahn Sowon 
Published: August 2017

SummaryWe investigated the effects of learning schedule and multi‐modality stimulus presentation on foreign language vocabulary learning. In Experiment 1, participants learned German vocabulary words utilizing three learning methods that were organized either in a blocked or interleaved fashion. We found interleaving with the keyword mnemonic and rote study advantageous over blocking, but retrieval practice was better served in a blocked schedule. It is likely that the excessively delayed feedback for the retrieval practice in the interleaved practice schedule impeded learning while the spacing involved in the interleaved schedule enhanced learning in the keyword mnemonic and rote study. In Experiment 2, we examined whether a multi‐modality stimulus presentation from visual and auditory channels is better suited for aiding learning over a visual presentation condition. We found benefits of multi‐modality presentation only for the keyword mnemonic condition, presumably because the nature of the keyword mnemonic involving sound and visualization was particularly relevant with the multi‐modality presentation. The present study suggests that optimal foreign language learning environments should incorporate learning schedules and multimedia presentations based on specific learning methods and materials. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dyslipidemia, Alcohol Consumption, and Obesity as Main Factors Associated With Poor Control of Urate Levels in Patients Receiving Urate‐Lowering Therapy
Authors: Latourte Augustin , Bardin Thomas , Clerson Pierre , Ea Hang‐Korng , Flipo René‐Marc , Richette Pascal 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveIn real life, in a substantial proportion of gouty patients receiving urate‐lowering therapy (ULT), urate levels are not maintained below the target of 6.0 mg/dl. We aimed to search for factors associated with poor control of serum uric acid (UA) levels in a large population of patients with gout receiving ULT.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved adults with gout in primary care who were receiving ULT. Demographics, gout history, comorbidities, lifestyle, clinical factors, concomitant treatments, and laboratory data were compared in well‐controlled gout (serum UA ≤6.0 mg/dl) versus poorly controlled gout (serum UA >6.0 mg/dl) on univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsAmong the 1,995 patients receiving ULT, only 445 (22.3%) had reached the target of 6.0 mg/dl serum UA. Such patients had a lower rate of gout flares within the previous year than patients without the target (mean ± SD 1.7 ± 1.4 versus 2.1 ± 1.4; P < 0.0001). The main factors associated with poor serum UA level control in multivariate analysis were low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.5 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.26–0.96]; P = 0.04), high total cholesterol level (OR 1.83 [95% CI 1.29–2.60]; P = 0.0007), increased waist circumference (OR 1.55 [95% CI 1.11–2.13]; P = 0.008), and alcohol consumption (OR 1.52 [95% CI 1.15–2.00]; P = 0.003).ConclusionDyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, and alcohol consumption are the main factors associated with a poor response to ULT. Knowledge of these factors might help physicians identify cases of gout that may be less likely to achieve target urate level.
Morphology of the Toe Flexor Muscles in Older Adults With Toe Deformities
Authors: Mickle Karen J. , Nester Christopher J. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveIt has been suggested that atrophied or weak toe flexor muscles are associated with the formation of toe deformities, but there is little evidence to support this theory. This study aimed to determine whether the size of the toe flexor muscles differed in older adults with and without toe deformities.MethodsForty‐four older adults (>60 years) were recruited for the study. Each participant had their feet assessed for the presence of hallux valgus or lesser toe deformities. Intrinsic and extrinsic toe flexor muscles were imaged with an ultrasound system using a standardized protocol. Assessor‐blinded measurements of muscle thickness and cross‐sectional area were taken using Image J software.ResultsParticipants with lesser toe deformities (n = 20) were found to have significantly smaller quadratus plantae (P = 0.003), flexor digitorum brevis (P = 0.013), abductor hallucis (P = 0.004), and flexor hallucis brevis (P = 0.005) muscles than the participants without any toe deformities (n = 19). Female participants with hallux valgus (n = 10) were found to have significantly smaller abductor hallucis (P = 0.048) and flexor hallucis brevis (P = 0.013) muscles than the female participants without any toe deformities (n = 10; P < 0.05).ConclusionThis is the first study to use ultrasound to investigate the size of the toe flexor muscles in older adults with hallux valgus and lesser toe deformities compared to otherwise healthy older adults. The sizes of the abductor hallucis and flexor hallucis brevis muscles were decreased in participants with hallux valgus, whereas the quadratus plantae, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, and flexor hallucis brevis muscles were smaller in the participants with lesser toe deformities.
Smart Photonic Crystal Hydrogel Material for Uranyl Ion Monitoring and Removal in Water
Authors: Xiao Fubing , Sun Yongfang , Du Wenfang , Shi Wenhui , Wu Yan , Liao Shuzhen , Wu Zhaoyang , Yu Ruqin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUranyl ion (UO22+) pollution is a serious environmental problem, and developing novel adsorption materials is essential for UO22+ monitoring and removal. Although some progress is achieved, it is still a challenging task to develop an adsorption material with indicating signal for real‐time evaluation of the adsorption degree and the UO22+ concentration. Herein, this paper describes a smart photonic crystal hydrogel (PCH) material, which not only can be used for real‐time monitoring function but also can be utilized for UO22+ removal based on the chelation of UO22+ with ligand groups in PCH material. The working principle is based on the binding of a uranyl ion to multiple ligand groups, which results in the shrinkage of PCH material and triggers a blue‐shift of diffraction wavelength. Consequently, the adsorption degree and the UO22+ concentration can be sensitively evaluated by measuring the diffraction shift or observing the color change with naked eye. With this PCH material, the lowest detectable concentration for UO22+ is 10 × 10−9m, and the maximum adsorption capacity at 298 K is 169.67 mmol kg−1. In addition, this material also holds good selectivity and regeneration feature, and shows desirable performance for UO22+ analysis in real water samples.
Valuing Metal–Organic Frameworks for Postcombustion Carbon Capture: A Benchmark Study for Evaluating Physical Adsorbents
Authors: Adil Karim , Bhatt Prashant M. , Belmabkhout Youssef , Abtab Sk Md Towsif , Jiang Hao , Assen Ayalew H. , Mallick Arijit , Cadiau Amandine , Aqil Jamal , Eddaoudi Mohamed 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe development of practical solutions for the energy‐efficient capture of carbon dioxide is of prime importance and continues to attract intensive research interest. Conceivably, the implementation of adsorption‐based processes using different cycling modes, e.g., pressure‐swing adsorption or temperature‐swing adsorption, offers great prospects to address this challenge. Practically, the successful deployment of practical adsorption‐based technologies depends on the development of made‐to‐order adsorbents expressing mutually two compulsory requisites: i) high selectivity/affinity for CO2 and ii) excellent chemical stability in the presence of impurities. This study presents a new comprehensive experimental protocol apposite for assessing the prospects of a given physical adsorbent for carbon capture under flue gas stream conditions. The protocol permits: i) the baseline performance of commercial adsorbents such as zeolite 13X, activated carbon versus liquid amine scrubbing to be ascertained, and ii) a standardized evaluation of the best reported metal–organic framework (MOF) materials for carbon dioxide capture from flue gas to be undertaken. This extensive study corroborates the exceptional CO2 capture performance of the recently isolated second‐generation fluorinated MOF material, NbOFFIVE‐1‐Ni, concomitant with an impressive chemical stability and a low energy for regeneration. Essentially, the NbOFFIVE‐1‐Ni adsorbent presents the best compromise by satisfying all the required metrics for efficient CO2 scrubbing.
Highly Stable Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors on Deformable Softening Polymer Substrates
Authors: Gutierrez‐Heredia Gerardo , Rodriguez‐Lopez Ovidio , Garcia‐Sandoval Aldo , Voit Walter E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFlexible electronics are attracting great interest in healthcare, where devices such as thin‐film transistors (TFTs) on polymer substrates facilitate biomedical applications requiring complex circuits in soft packages. Consequently, a repeatable process to fabricate reliable, stable electronic components on flexible substrates is required. Here, thermoset thiol‐ene/acrylate shape memory polymer (SMP) substrates house indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) TFTs and logic circuits: resulting devices exhibit stable behavior after thermal annealing at 250 °C. Fabricated, annealed devices exhibit an average mobility of 15 ± 2.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 and show stability after bending and soaking in aqueous media. TFTs on SMPs are studied after mechanical bending tests with radii of curvature of 5 mm for 104 cycles over a 4 h time period. Other TFTs are soaked in phosphate‐buffered saline solution at 37 °C for 1 week. Logic inverter circuits using IGZO TFTs on SMPs represent the ability to add complex circuitry onto thin film flexible electronics. This technology can enable a new generation of implantable devices for research in healthcare fields.
Photo‐Triggered Fluorometric Hydrophobic Benzyl Alcohol for Soluble Tag‐Assisted Liquid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Wakamatsu Hiroki , Okada Yohei , Sugai Masae , Hussaini Syed R. , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSolid phase methods have been central to the chemical synthesis of peptides, yet a liquid phase method would arguably be more appropriate with modern synthetic chemistry approaches to fine‐tune the molecular structures of peptides. Herein, we describe a simple and rational design for the synthesis of 2,5‐substituted hydrophobic benzyl alcohol (HBA) as a new soluble tag for liquid phase peptide synthesis. This tag allows the use of both 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) and HF‐free tert‐butoxycarbonyl (Boc) methods. The HBA‐tagged peptides can be detected both colorimetrically and fluorometrically, enabling their quantitative assay. The Boc method is compatible with the HBA tag because it is mildly acid resistant, whereas commonly used acidic global deprotection conditions lead to the simultaneous cleavage of the side chain protecting groups and the HBA tag. The HBA tag was successfully applied to the synthesis of the angiotensin III selective antagonist peptide.
Dopamine transporter imaging deficit predicts early transition to synucleinopathy in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Iranzo Alex , Santamaría Joan , Valldeoriola Francesc , Serradell Monica , Salamero Manel , Gaig Carles , Niñerola‐Baizán Aida , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel , Lladó Albert , De Marzi Roberto , Stefani Ambra , Seppi Klaus , Pavia Javier , Högl Birgit , Poewe Werner , Tolosa Eduard , Lomeña Francisco 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the usefulness of dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging to identify idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (IRBD) patients at risk for short‐term development of clinically defined synucleinopathy.MethodsEighty‐seven patients with polysomnography‐confirmed IRBD underwent 123I‐FP‐CIT DAT‐SPECT. Results were compared to 20 matched controls without RBD who underwent DAT‐SPECT. In patients, FP‐CIT uptake was considered abnormal when values were two standard deviations below controls’ mean uptake. After DAT‐SPECT, patients were followed up during 5.7 ± 2.2 (range, 2.6‐9.9) years.ResultsBaseline DAT deficit was found in 51 (58.6%) patients. During follow‐up, 25 (28.7%) subjects developed clinically defined synucleinopathy (Parkinson's disease in 11, dementia with Lewy bodies in 13, and multiple system atrophy in 1) with mean latency of 3.2 ± 1.9 years from imaging. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed increased risk of incident synucleinopathy in patients with abnormal DAT‐SPECT than with normal DAT‐SPECT (20% vs 6% at 3 years, 33% vs 18% at 5 years; log rank test, p = 0.006). Receiver operating characteristics curve revealed that reduction of FP‐CIT uptake in putamen greater than 25% discriminated patients with DAT deficit who developed synucleinopathy from patients with DAT deficit that remained disease free after 3 years of follow‐up. At 5‐year follow‐up, DAT‐SPECT had 75% sensitivity, 51% specificity, 44% positive predictive value, 80% negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio 1.54 to predict synucleinopathy.InterpretationDAT‐SPECT identifies IRBD patients at short‐term risk for synucleinopathy. Decreased FP‐CIT putamen uptake greater than 25% predicts synucleinopathy after 3 years’ follow‐up. These observations may be useful to select candidates for disease modification trials in IRBD. Ann Neurol 2017;82:419–428
Tri(pyrazolyl)phosphane als Vorstufen für die Synthese von stark emittierenden InP/ZnS‐Quantenpunkten
Authors: Panzer René , Guhrenz Chris , Haubold Danny , Hübner René , Gaponik Nikolai , Eychmüller Alexander , Weigand Jan J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTri(pyrazolyl)phosphane werden als alternative kostengünstige und weniger toxische Phosphorquelle in der Synthese von InP/ZnS‐Quantenpunkten (QDs) eingesetzt. Ausgehend von ihnen können langzeitstabile (>6 Monate) P(OLA)3‐Stammlösungen (OLAH=Oleylamin) synthetisiert werden, aus denen sich die entsprechenden Pyrazole einfach zurückgewinnen lassen. P(OLA)3 fungiert in der Synthese von stark emittierenden InP/ZnS‐QDs sowohl als Phosphorquelle als auch als Reduktionsmittel. Die erhaltenen Kern/Schale‐Partikel zeichnen sich durch hohe Photolumineszenz‐Quantenausbeuten von 51–62 % in einem Spektralbereich von 530–620 nm aus. Die Verarbeitung und Anwendung dieser InP/ZnS‐QDs als Farbkonversionsschicht wurde anhand des Einsatzes in einer weißen Leuchtdiode demonstriert.
Dreidimensionale Architekturen aus Übergangsmetall‐Dichalkogenid‐Nanomaterialien zur elektrochemischen Energiespeicherung und ‐umwandlung
Authors: Yun Qinbai , Lu Qipeng , Zhang Xiao , Tan Chaoliang , Zhang Hua 
Published: August 2017

AbstractÜbergangsmetall‐Dichalkogenide (TMDs) finden seit einigen Jahren große Aufmerksamkeit wegen ihrer einzigartigen Eigenschaften und vielversprechenden Möglichkeiten für die elektrochemische Energiespeicherung und ‐umwandlung. Ungünstig wirkten sich bislang ihre geringe Zahl an aktiven Stellen und ein blockierter Ionen‐ und Massetransport aus. Diese Probleme lassen sich aber durch die Konstruktion von dreidimensionalen (3D) Architekturen aus TMD‐Nanomaterialien effektiv lösen. 3D‐TMD‐Architekturen bieten eine wesentlich größere Oberfläche und deutlich kleinere Abstände für den Ionen‐ und Massetransport. Dieser Aufsatz fasst die gängigen Synthesewege für 3D‐TMD‐Architekturen zusammen und hebt deren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in Akkumulatoren, Superkondensatoren und bei der elektrokatalytischen Wasserstoffproduktion hervor. Außerdem werden Herausforderungen und Zukunftsperspektiven dieses Forschungsgebiets aufgezeigt.
Highly Efficient Nondoped OLEDs with Negligible Efficiency Roll‐Off Fabricated from Aggregation‐Induced Delayed Fluorescence Luminogens
Authors: Huang Jian , Nie Han , Zeng Jiajie , Zhuang Zeyan , Gan Shifeng , Cai Yuanjing , Guo Jingjing , Su Shi‐Jian , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurely organic emitters that can efficiently utilize triplet excitons are highly desired to cut the cost of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), but most of them require complicated doping techniques for their fabrication and suffer from severe efficiency roll‐off. Herein, we developed novel luminogens with weak emission and negligible delayed fluorescence in solution but strong emission with prominent delayed components upon aggregate formation, giving rise to aggregation‐induced delayed fluorescence (AIDF). The concentration‐caused emission quenching and exciton annihilation are well‐suppressed, which leads to high emission efficiencies and efficient exciton utilization in neat films. Their nondoped OLEDs provide excellent electroluminescence efficiencies of 59.1 cd A−1, 65.7 lm W−1, and 18.4 %, and a negligible current efficiency roll‐off of 1.2 % at 1000 cd m−2. Exploring AIDF luminogens for the construction of nondoped OLEDs could be a promising strategy to advance device efficiency and stability.