bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of absorptance and emissivity of thermal control coatings on Mg–Li alloys and OES analysis during PEO process
Authors: Yao Zhongping , Xia Qixing , Ju Pengfei , Wang Jiankang , Su Peibo , Li Dongqi , Jiang Zhaohua 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThermal control ceramic coatings on Mg–Li alloys have been successfully prepared in silicate electrolyte system by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method. The PEO coatings are mainly composed of crystallized Mg2SiO4 and MgO, which have typical porous structure with some bulges on the surface; OES analysis shows that the plasma temperature, which is influenced by the technique parameters, determines the formation of the coatings with different crystalline phases and morphologies, combined with “quick cooling effect” by the electrolyte; and the electron concentration is constant, which is related to the electric spark breakdown, determined by the nature of the coating and the interface of coating/electrolyte. Technique parameters influence the coating thickness, roughness and surface morphology, but do not change the coating composition in the specific PEO regime, and therefore the absorptance (αS) and emissivity (ε) of the coatings can be adjusted by the technique parameters through changing thickness and roughness in a certain degree. The coating prepared at 10 A/dm2, 50 Hz, 30 min and 14 g/L Na2SiO3 has the minimum value of αS (0.35) and the maximum value of ε (0.82), with the balance temperature of 320 K.
Ocular biometric parameters among 3-year-old Chinese children: testability, distribution and association with anthropometric parameters
Authors: Huang Dan , Chen Xuejuan , Gong Qi , Yuan Chaoqun , Ding Hui , Bai Jing , Zhu Hui , Fu Zhujun , Yu Rongbin , Liu Hu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis survey was conducted to determine the testability, distribution and associations of ocular biometric parameters in Chinese preschool children. Ocular biometric examinations, including the axial length (AL) and corneal radius of curvature (CR), were conducted on 1,688 3-year-old subjects by using an IOLMaster in August 2015. Anthropometric parameters, including height and weight, were measured according to a standardized protocol and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The testability was 93.7% for the AL and 78.6% for the CR overall and both measures improved with age. Girls performed slightly better in AL measurements (P = 0.08) and the difference in CR was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The AL distribution was normal in girls (P = 0.12), whereas it was not in boys (P < 0.05). For CR1, all subgroups presented normal distributions (P = 0.16 for boys;P = 0.20 for girls), but the distribution varied when the subgroups were combined (P < 0.05). CR2 presented a normal distribution (P = 0.11), whereas the AL/CR ratio was abnormal (P < 0.001). Boys exhibited a significantly longer AL, a greater CR and a greater AL/CR ratio than girls (allP < 0.001).
Progress in understanding the diagnostic and pathogenic role of autoantibodies associated with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Choi May Y. , Fritzler Marvin J. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of reviewAt the time of diagnosis, systemic sclerosis (SSc) is often well established with significant irreversible tissue and organ damage. Definitions of ‘early SSc’ have been proposed, which include the presence of SSc-associated autoantibodies. In addition, functional autoantibodies that are believed to be involved in SSc pathogenesis need to be considered. In this review, recent advances in the diagnostic utility and pathogenic role of autoantibodies in early SSc are summarized. Moreover, we propose a clinical care pathway illustrating how autoantibody testing along with key clinical features can be used to make an earlier diagnosis of SSc.Recent findingsRecent evidence has helped to develop a clearer understanding of the natural history, early clinical features, and autoantibodies that are predictors of SSc. The role of functional autoantibodies is leading to innovative approaches to evidence-based interventions and therapies that are based on mechanisms of disease.SummaryDespite substantial advances, the high morbidity and mortality that currently characterizes SSc can largely be attributed to a delay in diagnosis, gaps in our understanding of the role of autoantibodies in early disease, and limited effective therapeutic options. An early and accurate diagnosis of SSc and use of autoantibody testing embedded in evidence-based clinical care pathways will help improve SSc-associated clinical outcomes and healthcare expenditures.
An Evaluation of the OTA-OFC System in Clinical Practice: A Multi-Center Study With 90 Days Outcomes
Authors: Johnson Joey P. , Karam Matthew , Schisel Jessica , Agel Julie 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the predictive ability of the Orthopedic Trauma-Open Fracture Classification (OTA-OFC) system in regards to short-term (90 days) outcomes of amputation, infection necessitating intravenous antibiotics, and wound healing in clinical practice across multiple centers.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Setting:
Academic and private practice.

Patients/Participants:
Patients with open fractures.

Intervention:
None.

Main Outcome Measurements:
OTA-OFC, amputations, IV antibiotics, and wound healing.

Results:
Three hundred seventy-three patients with a total of 419 open fractures were enrolled. Logistic regression to predict amputation demonstrated that arterial and skin injury were statistically significant contributors to the prediction of amputation. Bone loss and muscle injury were significant contributors to the prediction of readmission for IV antibiotics. None of the variables in the OTA-OFC were significant predictors of unhealed wounds.

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrates the predictive value of the OTA-OFC regarding the short-term (90 days) outcomes of amputation and infection necessitating IV antibiotics and is another step towards the validation of the OTA-OFC in widespread clinical practice.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Secondary Surgery Versus Chemotherapy for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Bickell Nina A. , Egorova Natalia , Prasad-Hayes Monica , Franco Rebeca , Howell Elizabeth A. , Wisnivesky Juan , Deb Partha 
Published: July 2016

Objective:
The best course of treatment for recurrent ovarian cancer is uncertain. We sought to determine whether secondary cytoreductive surgery for first recurrence of ovarian cancer improves overall survival compared with other treatments.

Materials and Methods:
We assessed survival using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare data for advanced stage ovarian cancer cases diagnosed from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2007 with survival data through 2010 using multinomial propensity weighted finite mixture survival regression models to distinguish true from misclassified recurrences. Of 35,995 women ages 66 years and older with ovarian cancer, 3439 underwent optimal primary debulking surgery with 6 cycles of chemotherapy; 2038 experienced a remission.

Results:
One thousand six hundred thirty-five of 2038 (80%) women received treatment for recurrence of whom 72% were treated with chemotherapy only, 16% with surgery and chemotherapy and 12% received hospice care. Median survival of women treated with chemotherapy alone, surgery and chemotherapy, or hospice care was 4.1, 5.4, and 2.2 years, respectively (P<0.001). Of those receiving no secondary treatments, 75% were likely true nonrecurrences with median survival of 15.9 years and 25% misclassified with 2.4 years survival. Survival among women with recurrence was greater for those treated with surgery and chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone (hazard ratio=1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-2.47). Women who were older with more comorbidities and high-grade cancer had worse survival.

Conclusions:
Secondary surgery with chemotherapy to treat recurrent ovarian cancer increases survival by 1.3 years compared with chemotherapy alone and pending ongoing randomized trial results, may be considered a standard of care.
Kinetics of Linezolid in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sartori Marco , Loregian Arianna , Pagni Silvana , De Rosa Silvia , Ferrari Fiorenza , Zampieri Leopolda , Zancato Mirella , Palú Giorgio , Ronco Claudio 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) could affect the pharmacokinetic profile of linezolid (LZD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the LZD extracorporeal clearance using an in vitro CVVH model.

Methods:
A sham miniaturized CVVH circuit (CARPEDIEM; Bellco, Mirandola, Italy) was set up with a polysulfone hemofilter (0.25 m2; cutoff 50,000 Da) for 240 minutes using normal saline solution (0.9% wt/vol NaCl) and blood (n = 6) spiked with LZD. Drug solution samples were collected during CVVH at 10, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes. LZD levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results:
Results were used to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters. The LZD baseline level decreased from 17.24 ± 0.54 to 9.73 ± 4.85 mg/L and from 11.75 ± 0.08 to 5.01 ± 0.67 mg/L in the first 10 minutes, and then increased to 13.2 ± 3.10 and 7.4 ± 0.71 mg/L in normal saline solution and blood, respectively. Mass balance analysis reported a rapid adsorption of LZD onto a polysulfone membrane followed by its release: a rebound phenomenon occurred.

Conclusions:
Although further studies are necessary to clarify this phenomenon, LZD level variations observed in our study should be considered to avoid antimicrobial underexposure. Several strategies are available for adjusting the dosage regimen of LZD, but therapeutic drug monitoring is highly recommended when it is used.
Changes in Myopia Prevalence among First-Year University Students in 12 Years
Authors: Jorge Jorge , Braga Ana , Queirós António 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of this study is to compare the changes in myopia prevalence among Portuguese first-year university students in 2002 and 2014 at the University of Minho.MethodsThe refractive status and axial length of first-year students at the School of Sciences, University of Minho, were measured in 2014. Refractive error was measured with subjective refraction under cycloplegia and axial length was measured by optical biometry. The data were compared with those obtained from a similar cohort of 111 students in 2002. Myopia was defined as a mean spherical equivalent of ≤−0.50D. A survey was conducted to know the routine of the participants. They were asked how many hours per week (hrs/wk) they had spent, on average in the previous year, watching TV, using the computer, studying, participating in manual hobbies, and participating in outdoor activities.ResultsIn 2014, 75 students were assessed (15 male and 60 female) with a mean age (mean ± SD) of 19.8 ± 1.6 years (ranging from 18 to 24 years). The mean refractive error M (spherical equivalent) was −0.77 ± 1.79D and the axial length was 23.74 ± 1.19 mm. The prevalence of myopia was 41.3% (31 of 75). In 2002, the mean refractive error M was 0.01 ± 1.53D, the axial length was 23.40 ± 0.93 mm, and the myopia prevalence was 23.4% (26 of 111). The differences between myopia prevalence and mean refractive error are statistically significant (p < 0.05). A statistically significant increase in the number of hrs/wk spent on near activities (p < 0.05) was found.ConclusionsIn 12 years, the prevalence of myopia among first-year university students at the School of Sciences of the University of Minho rose from 23.4 to 41.3%. This increase in myopia prevalence could be related to the lifestyle changes of the studied population.
Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Modulation of T-Cell Regulation Correlates with Heme Oxgenase-1 Pathway Changes
Authors: Chien Ching-Ming , Chen Yung-Wei , Chen Chien-Chang , Wu Yi-Chia , Huang Shu-Hung , Lee Su-Shin , Lai Cheng-Sheng , Lin Sin-Daw , Wang Ching-Jen , Kuo Yur-Ren 
Published: July 2016

Background:
The authors’ previous proteome study revealed that haptoglobin was involved in adipose-derived stem cell modulation of allotransplant survival and T-cell regulation to induce immune tolerance. This study investigated whether adipose-derived stem cells could modulate T-cell regulation through haptoglobin and the downstream heme oxgenase-1 pathway in vitro.

Methods:
Splenocytes were isolated from Lewis rat spleens and then CD3+ T cells were purified using anti-CD3+ beads. Adipose-derived stem cells were harvested from Lewis rats and co-cultured with the T cells. After Transwell co-culture at different periods, the authors analyzed cell proliferation with a bromodeoxyuridine assay. Cell extractions and culture supernatants were collected for further analysis. Heme oxgenase-1 and related protein expression levels from the adipose-derived stem cells and T cells were detected using Western blotting. The related cytokine expression levels were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Flow cytometry was used to detect the regulatory T-cell proportion.

Results:
The adipose-derived stem cells significantly suppressed T-cell proliferation. The regulatory T-cell percentages were significantly increased in the adipose-derived stem cells that were co-cultured with T cells compared with T cells alone without adipose-derived stem cell co-culture. Heme oxgenase-1 expression in concanavalin A–stimulated T cells that were co-cultured with adipose-derived stem cells revealed a significant increase compared with concanavalin A–stimulated T cells alone. Cytokine assays of the culture supernatants revealed that transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10 were significantly increased and interferon-γ was statistically decreased in the adipose-derived stem cell–co-cultured T-cell group compared with other groups; however, blockade with a heme oxgenase-1 inhibitor (zinc protoporphyrin IX) protected against these changes.

Conclusion:
Adipose-derived stem cells modulate T-cell proliferation and enhance regulatory T-cell expression, and this correlated with heme oxgenase-1 expression and related cytokine pathway changes.
Impact of Fronto-Orbital Advancement on Frontal Sinus Volume, Morphology, and Disease in Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Xu Wen , Li Jing , Gerety Patrick A. , Taylor Jesse A. , Bartlett Scott P. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Fronto-orbital advancement for nonsyndromic craniosynostosis has been thought to injure frontal sinus buds, lead to chronic sinus disease, and influence final forehead shape. This study investigates the effect of fronto-orbital advancement in infancy on subsequent frontal sinus volume, morphology, and disease.

Methods:
The authors conducted a retrospective review of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis patients treated with fronto-orbital advancement in infancy with a head computed tomographic scan obtained at age 7 to 18 years. Facial trauma patients served as age-matched controls. Frontal sinus characteristics were determined using three-dimensional reconstructions.

Results:
The study included 33 nonsyndromic craniosynostosis patients who underwent fronto-orbital advancement (n = 20 unicoronal; n = 13 metopic) and 20 control patients. The incidence of at least unilateral pneumatization was 94 percent for fronto-orbital advancement subjects and 95 percent for control subjects. Mean frontal sinus volumes for unicoronal synostosis, metopic synostosis, and control groups were 3427 ± 2294, 4576 ± 3510, and 4157 ± 3963 mm3, respectively (p = 0.598). Asymmetry scores were as follows: unicoronal synostosis, 56 ± 35 percent; metopic synostosis, 36 ± 33 percent; and control, 23 ± 24 percent (p = 0.010). Unicoronal subjects displayed prominent asymmetry, with increased pneumatization on the unaffected side. Frontal sinus volume correlated with age at computed tomography but not with age at fronto-orbital advancement. Interrater reliability was 0.997. One fronto-orbital advancement subject and zero control subjects demonstrated computed tomographic evidence of frontal sinus disease.

Conclusions:
Frontal sinus volume, morphology, and disease do not differ significantly between control subjects and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis subjects following fronto-orbital advancement, but subtle differences such as increased asymmetry in the unicoronal synostosis group can be appreciated. Further research with syndromic craniosynostosis patients undergoing multiple procedures may help elucidate the association between surgical disruption and frontal sinus development.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Remote Ischemic Conditioning Improves Blood Flow and Oxygen Saturation in Pedicled and Free Surgical Flaps
Authors: Kolbenschlag Jonas , Sogorski Alexander , Kapalschinski Nicolai , Harati Kamran , Lehnhardt Marcus , Daigeler Adrien , Hirsch Tobias , Goertz Ole 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Surgical flaps have become safe and reliable reconstructive tools, but total flap loss rates as high as 25 percent and partial flap loss rates as high as 36 percent have been reported due to insufficient perfusion. Therefore, a reliable, noninvasive, and effective way to improve the microcirculation of surgical flaps is desirable. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of remote ischemic conditioning on the microcirculation of pedicled and free surgical flaps.

Methods:
Thirty patients undergoing free (n = 20) and pedicled (n = 10) tissue transfer were included in this study. Remote ischemic conditioning was applied on the upper extremity for three cycles on postoperative days 1, 5, and 12. Blood flow, tissue oxygen saturation, and relative hemoglobin content were measured by means of a combination of laser Doppler and spectroscopy (O2C device) in the flap and the surrounding tissue. The relative increase compared with baseline measurements was assessed.

Results:
Blood flow increased significantly in controls on all 3 postoperative days (p < 0.05 for all). In free flaps, tissue oxygen saturation improved significantly on postoperative days 1 and 12 and blood flow improved significantly on postoperative days 5 and 12 (p < 0.05). In pedicled flaps, blood flow and tissue oxygen saturation increased on postoperative day12, but not significantly.

Conclusions:
Remote ischemic conditioning is a safe, inexpensive, fast, and reliable method to improve the microcirculation of surgical flaps. Further research is warranted to see whether such an improvement translates into improved flap survival, but it is likely.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Reinterpretation of Electrodiagnostic Studies and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scans in Patients with Nontraumatic “Isolated” Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy
Authors: Maldonado Andrés A. , Amrami Kimberly K. , Mauermann Michelle L. , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Different hypotheses have been proposed for the pathophysiology of anterior interosseous nerve palsy: compression, fascicular constriction, or nerve inflammation (Parsonage-Turner syndrome). The authors hypothesized that critical reinterpretation of electrodiagnostic studies and magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients with a diagnosis of anterior interosseous nerve palsy could provide insight into the pathophysiology and treatment.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed of all patients with a diagnosis of nontraumatic anterior interosseous nerve palsy and an upper extremity magnetic resonance imaging scan. The original electrodiagnostic study and magnetic resonance imaging scan reports were reinterpreted by a neuromuscular neurologist and musculoskeletal radiologist, respectively, both blinded to the authors’ hypothesis.

Results:
Sixteen patients met the inclusion criteria as having “isolated” anterior interosseous nerve palsy. Physical examination revealed weakness in muscles not innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve in five cases (31 percent), and electrodiagnostic studies showed abnormalities not related to the anterior interosseous nerve in nine of 15 cases (60 percent). In all cases, reinterpretation of the magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated atrophy in at least one muscle not innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve and did not reveal any evidence of compression of the anterior interosseous nerve.

Conclusions:
All patients in the authors’ series with presumed isolated anterior interosseous nerve palsy had magnetic resonance imaging evidence of a more diffuse muscle involvement pattern, without any radiologic signs of nerve compression of the anterior interosseous nerve branch itself. These data strongly support an inflammatory pathophysiology.
Vascular Perfusion of the Facial Skin: Implications in Allotransplantation of Facial Aesthetic Subunits
Authors: Rodríguez-Lorenzo Andrés , Audolfsson Thorir , Wong Corrine , Saiepour Daniel , Nowinski Daniel , Rozen Shai 
Published: July 2016

Background:
As the field of face transplantation develops, it may be possible to transplant segments of facial skin to replace facial aesthetic subunits in selected cases. The aim of this study was to identify the more reliable vascular pedicles of each facial aesthetic subunit for its use in transplantation

Methods:
Six full facial soft-tissue flaps were harvested, and the external carotid artery was identified and cannulated proximal to the facial artery. Next, radiopaque contrast was injected through the facial artery into three of the facial flaps and through the superficial temporal artery in the other three facial flaps. After vascular injections, three-dimensional computed tomographic arteriographs of the faces were obtained, allowing analysis of the arterial anatomy and perfusion in different facial aesthetic subunits.

Results:
The chin, lower lip, upper lip, medial cheek, nose, and periorbital units were perfused in all facial flaps where the facial artery was injected and in none of those where the superficial temporal artery was injected. The lateral cheek was perfused in 100 percent of the superficial temporal artery flaps and in 67 percent of the facial artery flaps. The lateral forehead contained contrast in 100 percent of the superficial temporal artery–injected flaps and in none of the facial artery–injected flaps, and the medial foreheads contained contrast in 67 percent of the facial artery–injected flaps and in 67 percent of the superficial temporal artery–injected flaps.

Conclusion:
The majority of the facial subunits can be harvested based on the facial artery pedicle, with the exception of the lateral forehead, which is based on the superficial temporal artery.