bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurothrombectomy in acute ischaemic stroke: a prospective single‐centre study and comparison with randomized controlled trials
Authors: Nikoubashman O. , Jungbluth M. , Schürmann K. , Müller M. , Falkenburger B. , Tauber S. C. , Wiesmann M. , Schulz J. B. , Reich A. 
Published: February 2016

Background and purposeIn the last few months five multicentre, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) unequivocally showed the superiority of mechanical thrombectomy in large vessel occlusion acute ischaemic stroke compared to systemic thrombolysis. Despite varying inclusion criteria and time intervals from onset to revascularization overall increases of good functional outcome between 55% and 81% were reported. However, only a minority of screened patients (approximately 1%) were eligible for intra‐arterial (IA) therapy.MethodsAn investigator‐initiated, single‐centre, prospective and blinded end‐point analysis was performed of 3123 consecutive patients with acute ischaemic stroke presenting between February 2010 and December 2014.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐four patients [4.9%, age (years) mean (SD), median (interquartile range) 71.2 (±14), 74.7 (65.9–81.4)] met the inclusion criteria of sparse early ischaemic signs on initial standard cranial computed tomography (CT) (ASPECT score ≥7), large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation on CT angiography and start of treatment within 6 h of onset of symptoms. After consensual interdisciplinary treatment decisions 130 patients (4.2%) received IA treatment – in the majority stent‐assisted thrombectomy in combination with intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator – and 24 patients (0.7%) standard IV thrombolysis. On 3 months’ follow‐up an overall significant improvement of disability (P = 0.05) as measured by the modified Rankin Scale was shown in favour of the IA treatment group. Good functional outcome was achieved in about twice as many patients (IA vs. IV, 41.2% vs. 21.2%; P = 0.078).ConclusionBy choosing pragmatic inclusion criteria state‐of‐the‐art IA therapy of a specialized tertiary stroke centre can be safely applied under real‐world conditions to a higher percentage of patients with similar success to the recently published RCTs.
Septic peritonitis in a Percheron mare associated withClostridium haemolyticum
Authors: Hepworth‐Warren K. L. , Hay Kraus B. L. , Wong D. M. , Krull A. C. , Metcalf G. L. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis report describes an 11‐year‐old Percheron mare that presented with signs of colic and was ultimately diagnosed with bacterial peritonitis of unknown origin. Bacterial culture of a peritoneal fluid sample isolated 2 Clostridial species, one of which was strongly suspected to beClostridium haemolyticum. The horse was markedly hypoalbuminaemic at presentation, leading to the development of low oncotic pressure and ventral oedema. The mare was administered a low molecular weight/low molar substitution hydroxyethyl starch solution in conjunction with other therapies that resulted in marked improvement of clinical signs. The purpose of this report is to describe the clinical findings associated with equine peritonitis associated withC. haemolyticum, a rarely identified pathogen in the horse. Secondly, this report serves to describe the beneficial effects of tetrastarch administration in a clinical case with severe hypoalbuminaemia and ventral oedema.
A comparative review of fisheries management experiences in the European Union and in other countries worldwide: Iceland, Australia, and New Zealand
Authors: Marchal Paul , Andersen Jesper Levring , Aranda Martin , Fitzpatrick Mike , Goti Leyre , Guyader Olivier , Haraldsson Gunnar , Hatcher Aaron , Hegland Troels Jacob , Le Floc'h Pascal , Macher Claire , Malvarosa Loretta , Maravelias Christos D , Mardle Simon , Murillas Arantza , Nielsen J Rasmus , Sabatella Rosaria , Smith Anthony D M , Stokes Kevin , Thoegersen Thomas , Ulrich Clara 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study compares the details and performance of fisheries management between the EU and a selection of other countries worldwide: Iceland, New Zealand, and Australia, which are considered in many respects to be among the most advanced in the world in fisheries management. Fisheries management in the EU, Iceland, Australia, and New Zealand has developed following different paths, despite being based on similar instruments and principles. Iceland, Australia, and New Zealand have been at the forefront of developing management practices such as stakeholder involvement, legally binding management targets (Australia, New Zealand), individual transferable quotas, and discard bans (Iceland, New Zealand). The EU has since the beginning of the 21st century taken significant steps to better involve stakeholders and establish quantitative targets through management plans, and a landing obligation is gradually being implemented from 2015 onward. The management of domestic fisheries resources in Australia, New Zealand, and Iceland has, overall, performed better than in the EU, in terms of conservation and economic efficiency. It should, however, be stressed that, compared to Australia, New Zealand, and Iceland, (i) initial over‐capacity was more of an issue in the EU when management measures became legally binding and also that (ii) EU has been progressive in developing common enforcement standards, on stocks shared by sovereign nations. The situation of EU fisheries has substantially improved over the period 2004–2013 in the northeast Atlantic, with fishery status getting close to that in the other jurisdictions, but the lack of recovery for Mediterranean fish stocks remains a concern.
Treatment of anxiety and depression: medicinal plants in retrospect
Authors: Fajemiroye James O. , da Silva Dayane M. , de Oliveira Danillo R. , Costa Elson A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAnxiety and depression are complex heterogeneous psychiatric disorders and leading causes of disability worldwide. This review summarizes reports on the fundamentals, prevalence, diagnosis, neurobiology, advancement in treatment of these diseases and preclinical assessment of botanicals. This review was conducted through bibliographic investigation of scientific journals, books, electronic sources, unpublished theses and electronic medium such as ScienceDirect and PubMed. A number of the first‐line drugs (benzodiazepine, azapirone, antidepressant tricyclics, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors, noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, etc.) for the treatment of these psychiatric disorders are products of serendipitous discoveries. Inspite of the numerous classes of drugs that are available for the treatment of anxiety and depression, full remission has remained elusive. The emerging clinical cases have shown increasing interests among health practitioners and patients in phytomedicine. The development of anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs of plant origin takes advantage of multidisciplinary approach including but not limited to ethnopharmacological survey (careful investigation of folkloric application of medicinal plant), phytochemical and pharmacological studies. The selection of a suitable plant for a pharmacological study is a basic and very important step. Relevant clues to achieving this step include traditional use, chemical composition, toxicity, randomized selection or a combination of several criteria. Medicinal plants have been and continue to be a rich source of biomolecule with therapeutic values for the treatment of anxiety and depression.
A biophysical model to assess the trade‐off between larval recruitment and catch in southern Australia's largest prawn fishery
Authors: Mcleay Lachlan , Doubell Mark , Roberts Shane , Dixon Cameron , Andreacchio Lorenzo , James Charles , Luick John , Middleton John 
Published: February 2016

AbstractData from stock assessment surveys, published research and climate sensors were linked to model the interaction between fishing, physical‐oceanographic processes and spatial patterns of larval settlement for western king prawn [Penaeus (Melicertus) latisulcatus]. This information was used to evaluate the trade‐off between larval recruitment and catch during fishing periods that demand high prices but coincide with spawning. Total rates of larval settlement were maximized when tidal currents and atmospheric physical‐forcing components were coupled with simulations of larval swimming behaviour under average gulf temperatures. Average gulf temperatures sustained longer larval durations and increased larval settlement rates by over 12% compared with warmer gulf conditions simulated under a scenario of global warming. Reproductive data coupled with outputs from the biophysical model identified consistent inter‐annual patterns in the areas contributing to larval settlement success. Areas located in the north‐east, and central‐west of the fishery, consistently contributed to over 40% of all larvae reaching a settlement in each year. Harvest sensitivity analyses indicated that changes in the spatial patterns of pre‐Christmas fishing could lead to improvements in overall rates of the larval settlement while maintaining or improving the levels of catch. Future studies to refine the model inputs relating to physical processes, larval behaviour and mortality rates for P. latisulcatus coupled with surveys of juvenile prawn abundance to ground truth the modelled predictions, would allow stock recruitment relationships to be more closely examined and inform adaptive management of the fishery in the future.
Targeted and exome sequencing identified somatic mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hirotsu Yosuke , Zheng Tang‐Hui , Amemiya Kenji , Mochizuki Hitoshi , Guleng Bayasi , Omata Masao 
Published: February 2016

AimGenetic analysis has revealed a subset of recurrently mutated genes and aberrant cellular signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. To investigate genetic alterations and dysregulated pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma, we performed targeted sequencing and exome analysis using next‐generation sequencer.MethodsWe analyzed the somatic mutational profiles of 16 genes in primary hepatocellular carcinoma by targeted ultra‐deep sequencing using nine pairs of specimens (tumor and peripheral blood) and whole‐exome sequencing using one pair of samples.ResultsOverall, somatic mutations with high allele fraction were identified in tumor tissues by targeted deep sequencing. Somatic mutations with high allele fraction were observed in TP53 (3/9; 33%) and CTNNB1 (2/9; 22%) genes in five out of nine (55%) specimens. In vitro analysis showed that CTNNB1 H36P mutant protein identified in tumor samples was resistant to protein degradation and promoted cell proliferation. Exome sequencing identified SLIT3 mutation, implying that dysregulation of axon guidance genes is involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. These results showed that TP53 and WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathways were commonly mutated in hepatocellular carcinoma.ConclusionThese results suggest that targeted sequencing and exome sequencing enable the identification of putative oncogenic driver mutations during the development of hepatocarcinoma.
Experiences of nursing staff caring for patients with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Andersson H. , Andreassen Gleissman S. , Lindholm C. , Fossum B. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a resistant variant of S. aureus and can cause pneumonia, septicaemia and, in some cases, death. Caring for patients with antibiotic resistant bacteria is a challenge for healthcare personnel. There is a risk of spreading the bacteria among patients and of healthcare personnel being infected themselves.AimTo describe nursing staffs' experiences of caring for patients with methicillin‐resistant S. aureus in Sweden.MethodA descriptive qualitative approach was used and 15 nurses from different hospitals and care units, including emergency and geriatric wards and nursing homes in Stockholm, were interviewed. All nurses had been involved in the care of patients with methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, but not on a regular basis. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.FindingsThree themes emerged from the data: feeling ignorant, afraid and insecure, feeling competent and secure and feeling stressed and overworked. The more knowledge the nurses acquired about methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, the more positive was their attitude to caring for these patients.Discussion and conclusionCaring for patients with methicillin‐resistant S. aureus without adequate knowledge of how to protect oneself and other patients against transmission may provoke anxiety among personnel. Guidelines, memos and adequate information at the right time are of central importance. Healthcare personnel must feel safe in their role as caregivers. All patients have the right to have the same quality of care regardless of the diagnosis and a lack of knowledge influences the level of care given.Implications for nursing and health policyThis study demonstrates the importance of education when caring for patients with infectious diseases. Hopefully, knowledge gained from our study can provide guidance for future health care when new diseases and infections occur.
Efficacy of one‐stage surgical treatment and clinical features in patients with multiple pressure ulcers
Authors: Han Hyun Ho , Choi Eun Jeong , Choi Jong Yun , Rhie Jong Won 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTreating patients with multiple pressure ulcers is a very challenging task for physicians. However, there are very few reports on treatment protocols for multiple pressure ulcers and treatment outcomes. The authors have consistently treated multiple pressure ulcers in a one‐stage operation rather than a staged operation. We evaluated multiple pressure ulcers patients who underwent a one‐stage operation from 2007 to 2014. A comparison was made between 20 patients who underwent a one‐stage operation on 44 foci and 68 patients with a single focus. Though the results, we could conclude that one‐stage operation of multiple pressure ulcers was found to have a shorter recovery period and shorter hospitalization without a significant increase in complications.
First case of hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in pond‐reared Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, associated with microsporidian
Authors: Ding Z , Meng Q , Liu H , Yuan S , Zhang F , Sun M , Zhao Y , Shen M , Zhou G , Pan J , Xue H , Wang W 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn epidemic of hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (HPND) with a high mortality rate (40%–50%) recently occurred in the cultured Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, which is a very important economic crustacean species in China. Histology revealed infection by a microsporidian parasite within the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas. Numerous discrete inclusions in the infected cells and presumably free parasite spores were also observed. By negative staining using electron microscopy, a typical morphology of spores was observed with a protuberant front of the anchoring disc. Infection was confined to the epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas, with no other organ implicated. By sequencing the PCR products using specific primers based on conserved regions of microsporidian small subunit (18S) ribosomal DNA, it was revealed that the parasite from HPND ponds had 99% sequence identity to that of Hepatospora eriocheir. Phylogentic analysis also placed the microsporidian in the same lineage as H. eriocheir. This study reported the first case of widespread infections of H. eriocheir associated with HPND found in the pond‐reared Chinese mitten crab, E. sinensis. The description of microsporidian in this important commercial host is fundamental for future consideration of factors affecting stock health and sustainability.
Temporary protection of rainbow trout gill epithelial cells from infection with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus IVb
Authors: Al‐Hussinee L , Pham PH , Russell S , Tubbs L , Tafalla C , Bols NC , Dixon B , Lumsden JS 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe branchial epithelium is not only a primary route of entry for viral pathogens, but is also a site of viral replication and subsequent shedding may also occur from the gill epithelium. This study investigated the potential of agents known to stimulate innate immunity to protect rainbow trout epithelial cells (RTgill‐W1) from infection with VHSV IVb. RTgill‐W1 cells were pretreated with poly I:C, FuGENE® HD + poly I:C, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + poly I:C or heat‐killed VHSV IVb and then infected with VHSV IVb 4 days later. Cytopathic effect (CPE) was determined at 2, 3, 4, 7 and 11 days post‐infection. Virus in cells and supernatant was detected using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). All of the treatments delayed the onset of CPE (per cent of monolayer destruction), compared with untreated controls; however, killed VHSV or poly I:C combined with LPS was the most effective. Similarly, the detection of viral RNA in the supernatant was delayed, and the quantity was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by all treatments with the exception of LPS alone (4 days). Unlike many of the other treatments, pretreatment of RTgill‐W1 with heat‐killed VHSV did not upregulate interferon 1, 2 or MX 1 gene expression.
Patients with perianal Crohn's disease have poor disease outcomes after primary bowel resection
Authors: Han Yoo Min , Kim Ji Won , Koh Seong‐Joon , Kim Byeong Gwan , Lee Kook Lae , Im Jong Pil , Kim Joo Sung , Jung Hyun Chae 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground and AimThe presence of perianal disease in Crohn's disease patients is one of the factors of postoperative recurrence. The aim of this study is to evaluate long‐term prognosis of perianal Crohn's disease patients in Asian.MethodsPatients with Crohn's disease who had undergone surgical bowel resection were divided into two groups according to the presence of perianal lesion. We monitored the occurrences of abdominal and/or perianal reoperation and readmission due to disease flare‐up.ResultsThe 132 patients included in the study were divided into 2 groups, those with perianal disease (45 patients, 34.1%) and those without perianal disease (87 patients, 65.9%). Patients with perianal disease was younger in age (33.8 years versus 39.8 years, p = 0.015) and had been diagnosed as CD at a younger age (21.9 years versus 28.6 years, p = 0.005) than patients without perianal disease. Patients with perianal disease showed more extra‐intestinal manifestation than patients without perianal disease (8 versus 3, p = 0.008). Reoperation was required in 46 (44.8%) patients during the follow‐up period. The presence of perianal disease independently increased the risk of reoperation [hazard ratio (HR), 3.112; confidence interval (CI), 1.707–5.675]. Furthermore, patients with perianal disease had increasing risks of abdominal reoperation (HR 1.978; 95% CI, 1.034–3.784).ConclusionsPatients with Crohn's disease and perianal lesions had a higher risk of reoperation. Considering these findings, physicians should consider aggressive and early top down therapy for patients with perianal Crohn's disease.
Clinical characteristics of primary gastric lymphoma detected during screening for gastric cancer in Korea
Authors: Yang Hyo‐Joon , Lee Changhyun , Lim Seon Hee , Choi Ji Min , Yang Jong In , Chung Su Jin , Choi Seung Ho , Im Jong Pil , Kim Sang Gyun , Kim Joo Sung 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground and AimThe role of screening endoscopy in primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) has not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of PGLs detected by screening endoscopy in the high prevalence area of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study enrolled consecutive subjects who were diagnosed with PGL by endoscopic screening in Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea, between October 2003 and September 2013. The characteristics and outcome of screening‐detected patients (screening group) were compared with consecutive subjects diagnosed with PGL in the outpatient clinic (outpatient group).ResultsOf the 105 194 recipients of screening upper endoscopy, 52 (0.049%) were found to have PGL. The median age was 54.2 years (range 23–79), and 65.4% were women. The proportion of PGL to gastric malignancy was 12.1% (52/429) overall, but >30% (25/73) in middle‐aged (40–59) women. PGLs in the screening group were more likely to be mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (98.1% vs 60.0%, P < 0.001) and treated with H. pylori eradication alone (90.0% vs 48.1%, P < 0.001) than those in the outpatient group. Moreover, the screening group showed better 5‐year overall survival (100.0% vs 89.3%, P = 0.016) and progression‐free survival (94.9% vs 83.4%, P = 0.040) than the outpatient group.ConclusionsIn Korea, a high prevalence area of H. pylori infection, PGL seems more prevalent than in Western countries. Endoscopic screening may help to detect early stage H. pylori‐positive mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. A high index of suspicion is needed, especially in middle‐aged women.
Effects of Maternal Mental Health on Engagement in Favorable Health Practices During Pregnancy
Authors: Alhusen Jeanne L. , Ayres Lauren , DePriest Kelli 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionA woman's health practices during pregnancy are associated with maternal and neonatal outcomes. Yet limited research has examined predictors of a woman's engagement in favorable health practices, particularly in pregnant women at greatest risk for adverse outcomes. We examined the role of mental health on engagement in favorable health practices during pregnancy in a sample of pregnant, low‐income, predominantly African American women.MethodsA convenience sample of pregnant women was obtained from 3 obstetric clinics within a large Mid‐Atlantic academic health system. Pregnant women (N = 166) completed measures of depression, social support, and engagement in favorable health practices during their second trimester. Six domains of health practices (ie, balance of rest and exercise, safety measures, nutrition, substance use, health care access, access to pregnancy‐related information) were assessed by the Health Practices in Pregnancy Questionnaire‐II. Multiple linear regression was used to examine predictors of engagement in favorable health practices.ResultsFifty‐nine percent of the study participants experienced depressive symptomatology during pregnancy. Multivariate linear regression modeling demonstrated that increased depressive symptoms, decreased social support, young age, and prepregnancy overweight or obesity were significant predictors of nonengagement in favorable health practices during pregnancy.DiscussionFindings suggest that pregnant women with poor mental health (eg, depressive symptomatology, poor social support) and specific sociodemographic characteristics (eg, young age, prepregnancy overweight or obesity) were less likely to engage in favorable health practices during pregnancy. Health care providers are uniquely positioned to assess a woman's mental health and related indicators to optimize pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.