bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organ-specific autoimmunity in relation to clinical characteristics in children with long-lasting type 1 diabetes
Authors: Głowińska-Olszewska Barbara , Michalak Justyna , Łuczyński Włodzimierz , del Pilar Larosa Maria , Chen Shu , Furmaniak Jadwiga , Smith Bernard Rees , Bossowski Artur 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diabetes and other organ-specific autoantibodies (Ab) associated with various autoimmune conditions, in Polish children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).In this study 114 patients, aged 13.4 years, with mean diabetes duration 5.2 years were included. Ab to islet cell antigens: glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), insulinoma antigen 2 (IA-2), zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), together with thyroid peroxidase Ab (TPO Ab), thyroglobulin Ab (Tg Ab), tissue transglutaminase Ab (tTG Ab) and 21-hydroxylase Ab (21-OH Ab) were measured.The prevalence of at least one diabetes associated Ab was found in 87%, with the highest prevalence of 64% for ZnT8 Ab. In patients with disease duration <5 years, at least one antibody was present in 90%, the most prevalent was ZnT8 Ab (72%). In patients with duration >10 years, 50% had at least one antibody. The prevalence of other than islet cell autoimmunity was high (34%). Thyroid Ab were detected in 26% patients, 42% in girls vs. 8% in boys, p<0.001. tTG Ab were found in 11% patients, with a greater prevalence in children with early onset (p=0.01). 21-OH Ab were found in 2.6% T1DM patients.Islet Ab were found in most T1DM children and remained positive even 10 years after onset. ZnT8 Ab emerged as an important marker for the diagnosis of T1DM in the Polish children. Screening for non-diabetes Ab in T1DM may be helpful in identifying subclinical cases of autoimmune thyroid, celiac or Addison’s disease (AD).
Prooxidant-antioxidant balance in patients with phenylketonuria and its correlation to biochemical and hematological parameters
Authors: Tavana Somayeh , Amini Sabrieh , Hakhamaneshi Mohammad Saeed , Andalibi Pedram , Hajir Mohammd Saleh , Ardalan Azin , Abdi Mohammad , Fathollahpour Asadollah 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe balance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant activity has an important role in oxidative stress associated diseases such as phenylketonuria (PKU). We aimed in this study to evaluate the possible association between oxidative balance and clinical features of PKU patients.Twenty patients and 50 healthy subjects were selected. Prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) was measured and phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), Phe/Tyr ratio and hematological indices were determined.A significantly higher PAB value was observed in the patient group (152.0±14.1 HK unit) compared to the controls (88.1±13.88 HK) (p<0.05). There was significant correlation between PAB with serum Phe, Tyr, Phe/Tyr ratio, white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) counts.The serum PAB values were higher in patients with PKU and this was associated with the serum Phe and Tyr and Phe/Tyr ratio. Therefore, because of its low cost and simplicity to perform, PAB value might be considered as a useful monitoring marker among the other tools in these patients.
Combined screening test for trisomy 21 – is it as efficient as we believe?
Authors: Wiechec Marcin , Nocun Agnieszka , Knafel Anna , Wiercinska Ewa , Sonek Jiri , Rozmus-Warcholinska Wioletta , Orzechowski Maciej , Stettner Dominika , Plevak Petr 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectives:To compare two first-trimester screening strategies: traditional combined screening and the one based on ultrasound markers only. We investigated the effect of maternal age (MA) on the screening performance of both of these strategies.Methods:This was a prospective observational study based on a non-selected mixed-risk population of 11,653 women referred for first-trimester screening. The study population was divided in two groups: combined screening (CS) and ultrasound-based screening (US). Absolute risk was calculated to determine the influence of MA on screening performance.Results:The CS arm comprised 5145 subjects including 51 cases of trisomy 21 (T21), and the US arm comprised 5733 subjects including 87 subjects with T21. Seven hundred and seventy-five subjects were excluded from the study. For a false positive rate (FPR) of 3%, the detection rate (DR) of T21 in CS arm was 78% vs. 90% in US arm. For 5% FPR, DR was 84% and 94% in CS and US arm, respectively. MA had an influence on DR positive rates in CS: both DR and FPR for T21 increased with advance in MA.Conclusions:The US protocol showed higher DR of T21 compared to the CS one. It may be considered as a viable alternative to CS for T21 where access to biochemical testing is limited.
A Two-Step Theory of the Evolution of Human Thinking
Authors: Satne Glenda 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSocial accounts of objective content, like the one advanced by Tomasello (2014), are traditionally challenged by an ‘essential tension’ (Hutto and Satne 2015). The tension is the following: while sociality is deemed to be at the basis of thinking, in order to explain sociality, some form of thinking seems to be necessarily presupposed. In this contribution I analyse Tomasello’s two-step theory of the evolution of human thinking vis-à-vis this challenge. While his theory is in principle suited to address it, I claim that the specifics of the first step and the notion of perspective that infuse it are problematic in this regard. I end by briefly sketching an alternative.
Replies to Guala and Gallotti
Authors: Epstein Brian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article responds to comments by Francesco Guala and Mattia Gallotti on The Ant Trap. In the replies, I address the relation of new advances in cognitive science to the study of collective attitudes, clarify distinct questions we might ask about grounding and about anchoring in social ontology, defend various forms of pluralism about grounds and about anchors, and discuss the type-token distinction as it applies to social entities.
Crystal structure of diaquabis(μ2-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylato-κ2
O:O′)bis(1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylato)zinc(II), C60H56N6Zn2O16F2
Authors: An Zhe , Zhu Ling , Zhao Xin-Hua 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
C60H56N6Zn2O16F2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.4907(15) Å, b = 11.6769(19) Å, c = 13.905(2) Å, α = 110.882(2)°, β = 101.247(2)°, γ = 92.841(2)°, V = 1400.1(4) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt
(F) = 0.0328, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1104, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of bis(guanidinium) 3,3′-oxybis(6-carboxybenzoate), C18H20N6O9
Authors: Wu Xiangxiang , Liu Xianghua 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
C18H20N6O9, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.0287(13) Å, b = 10.188(2) Å, c = 15.349(3) Å, α = 86.513(3)°, β = 88.854(3)°, γ = 75.047(3)°, V = 1060.0(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0427, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1409, T = 296(2) K.
Comparison of phytoremediation potential of three grass species in soil contaminated with cadmium
Authors: Gołda Sylwia , Korzeniowska Jolanta 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the toleration of Poa pratensis, Lolium perenne and Festuca rubra to cadmium contamination as well as the phytoremediation potential of these three species of grass. The pot experiment was conducted in four replications in pots containing 2.0 kg of soil. The soil was contaminated with three doses of Cd – 30, 60 and 120 mg·kg−1. After two months, the aerial parts of plants were harvested. The roots were dug up, brushed off from the remaining soil and washed with water. The biomass was defined and the cadmium concentration was determined in aerial parts and roots. The phytoremediation potential of grasses was evaluated using biomass of grasses, bioaccumulation factor (BF) and translocation factor (TF). All three tested species of grasses had TF < 1 and BF-root > 1. It indicates their suitability for phytostabilisation and makes them unsuitable for phytoextraction of Cd from the soil. Comparing the usefulness of the tested grasses for phytoremediation has shown that the phytostabilisation potential of P. pratensis was lower than that of L. perenne and F. rubra. P. pratensis was distinguished by higher TF, smaller root biomass and lower tolerance for Cd excess in the soil in comparison with the two other test grasses. At the same time, L. perenne was characterised by the smallest decrease in biomass and the largest Cd accumulation in roots at the lowest dose of Cd. It indicates good usefulness for phytostabilisation of soils characterised by a relatively small pollution by cadmium.
Phytoplankton in the ecological status assessment of European lakes – advantages and constraints
Authors: Pasztaleniec Agnieszka 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Although the phytoplankton indices describing the response of phytoplankton to the eutrophication have been developed and used for many years in the routine lake monitoring programme in some countries, the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) [EC, 2000] stimulated the development and improvement of quite a number of the current WFD-compliant phytoplankton-based methods. This paper is a review of the current phytoplankton-based methods for assessing the ecological status of European lakes. The particular attention was paid to the ways of solving problems arising from the need to reflect the complex and dynamic plankton algal communities on a numerical scale in order to gain reliable information about the state of the ecosystem.
Toxicity of coke wastewater treated with advanced oxidation by Fenton process supported by ultrasonic field
Authors: Kwarciak-Kozłowska Anna , Krzywicka Aleksandra 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The aim of the presented study was to determine the toxicity of wastewater from the production of coke. The wastewater was treated with advanced oxidation involving ultrasonic field with Fenton’s reagent (the amplitude was 61.5 μm and sonication time 8 min). Two doses of iron and four doses of hydrogen peroxide were used. The amount of hydrogen peroxide was proportional to the value of the chemical oxygen demand of raw wastewater, ranging from COD/H2O2 ratio of 1:2.5 to 1:20. Two tests were used to determine the toxicity (algae growth inhibition test and Lepidium test). It was found that more toxic to algae was wastewater treated by Fenton’s reagent containing a higher dose of iron. A similar inhibitory effect was observed on the germination of cress seeds.
Qualitative analysis of irregular fields delivered with dual electron multileaf collimator: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Inyang Samuel Okon , Chamberlain Alan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The use of a dual electron multileaf collimator (eMLC) to collimate therapeutic electron beam without the use of cutouts has been previously shown to be feasible. Further Monte Carlo simulations were performed in this study to verify the nature and appearance of the isodose distribution in water phantom of irregular electron beams delivered by the eMLC. Electron fields used in this study were selected to reflect those used in electron beam therapy. Results of this study show that the isodose distribution in a water phantom obtained from the simulation of irregular electron beams through the eMLC conforms to the pattern of the eMLC used in the delivery of the beam. It is therefore concluded that the dual eMLC could deliver isodose distributions reflecting the pattern of the eMLC field that was used in the delivery of the beam.
Prevalence of Obesity and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes in the Roma Population from a County in the South Part of Romania (Călăraşi County) -Preliminary Results
Authors: Enache Georgiana , Rusu Emilia , Ilinca Alexandra , Rusu Florin , Costache Adrian , Radulian Gabriela 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Background and Aims: This study’s aim was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and new cases of diabetes in Roma population compared to ethnic Romanian Caucasians from Călăraşi County in the south part of Romania.
Material and Methods: The population included in this study is part of a larger project that aims to evaluate the prevalence of obesity, prediabetes and diabetes in the Roma population from Călăraşi County. So far we have included 344 people: 180 Roma (119 female/61 male), and 164 non-Roma (108 female/56 male) aged between 18 and 85.
Results: In Roma population, the prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity was 4.4% (n=8), 37.2% (n=67), 26.7% (n=48) and 31.7% (n=57) respectively. In Romanian Caucasians, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 37.2% (n=61) and 32.3% (n=53) respectively. Diabetes was diagnosed in 14.6% (n=24) of Romanian Caucasians and in 11.7% (n=21) of Roma population. Risk factors for obesity in Roma population were: lower socio-educational level, smoking, physical inactivity (active less than 30 min/day).
Conclusions: High prevalence of overweight (26.7%), obesity (31.7%) and new cases of diabetes (11.7%) among the Roma population in the south part of Romania, Calarasi County was an important finding of our study. We observed a negative effect of lifestyle behaviours on health-related outcomes: smoking, sedentariness, lower socio-educational level.
Odontoid fracture that is not listed in the existing classifications A new subtype of odontoid fracture: case report
Authors: Adam D. , Cergan R. , Iftimie D. , Moisescu Cristiana 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Background: There is a significant variety of odontoid fracture classifications along with corresponding treatment strategies. There are though cases which cannot be framed within the existing classifications.
Clinical presentation: We report the case of a 91 years old female patient who suffered a cervical trauma secondary to a ground level fall. The cervical CT scan revealed a particular type of odontoid fracture, unframeable within existing classifications. The fracture line was at the base of the odontoid process and continued in an oblique trajectory through the right pedicle of the axis. As treatment strategy, we opted for external immobilization in a Minerva jacket and, after 3 months, the patient is symptom free, with partial bone fusion.
Conclusion: We named this rare case of odontoid fracture type II B for which external immobilization seems sufficient.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage mimicking acute myocardial infarction: case presentation
Authors: Ungureanu Raluca , Iacob Gabriel 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We present a patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on the computed tomography and electrocardiogram changes compatible with myocardial infarction. SAH is a medical emergency, but it can be initially misdiagnosed. Diagnosis may be delayed due to atypical presentations of SAH and this may endanger the life of the patient. Electrocardiogram abnormalities have been described previously in SAH and may obscure the correct diagnosis.
Giant high occipital encephalocele
Authors: Agrawal Amit , Umamaheshwara Reddy V. , Hegde Kishor V. , Suneetha P. , Kolikipudi Divya Siddharth 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEncephaloceles are rare embryological mesenchymal developmental anomalies resulting from inappropriate ossification in skull through with herniation of intracranial contents of the sac. Encephaloceles are classified based on location of the osseous defect and contents of sac. Convexity encephalocele with osseous defect in occipital bone is called occipital encephalocele. Giant occipital encephaloceles can be sometimes larger than the size of baby skull itself and they pose a great surgical challenge. Occipital encephaloceles (OE) are further classified as high OE when defect is only in occipital bone above the foramen magnum, low OE when involving occipital bone and foramen magnum and occipito-cervical when there involvement of occipital bone, foramen magnum and posterior upper neural arches. Chiari III malformation can be associated with high or low occipital encephaloceles. Pre-operatively, it is essential to know the size of the sac, contents of the sac, relation to the adjacent structures, presence or absence of venous sinuses/vascular structures and osseous defect size. Sometimes it becomes imperative to perform both CT and MRI for the necessary information. Volume rendered CT images can depict the relation of osseous defect to foramen magnum and provide information about upper neural arches which is necessary in classifying these lesions.
The Model of Unification and the Model of Diversification of Public School Teachers’ Continuing Professional Development in Great Britain, Canada and the USA
Authors: Mukan Nataliya , Myskiv Iryna , Kravets Svitlana 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In the article the theoretical framework of public school teachers’ continuing professional development (CPD) in Great Britain, Canada and the USA has been presented. The main objectives have been defined as theoretical analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, which highlights different aspects of the problem under research; presentation and characteristic of two models: the model of unification and the model of diversification of teachers’ professional development in the systems of continuing pedagogical education of Great Britain, Canada and the USA by the dominant traits. Their major components have been defined and specified. Public school teachers’ CPD has been studied by foreign and domestic scientists: content of public school teachers’ CPD (N. Dana Fichtman, M. Rees, A. Ross, S. Zepeda); CPD programs (C. Pratt); public school teachers’ CPD models, methods and forms (K. Duinlan, P. Grimmet, G. Troia, P. Wong); continuous professional education (Ya. Belmaz, А. Kuzminskyy, O. Kuznyetsova). The research methodology comprises theoretical (logical, induction and deduction, comparison and compatibility, structural and systematic, analysis and synthesis) and applied (observations, questioning and interviewing) methods. The research results have been presented.
Transporter Protein-Coupled DPCPX Nanoconjugates Induce Diaphragmatic Recovery after SCI by Blocking Adenosine A1 Receptors
Authors: Minic Zeljka , Zhang Yanhua , Mao Guangzhao , Goshgarian Harry G. 
Published: March 2016

Respiratory complications in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) are common and have a negative impact on the quality of patients' lives. Systemic administration of drugs that improve respiratory function often cause deleterious side effects. The present study examines the applicability of a novel nanotechnology-based drug delivery system, which induces recovery of diaphragm function after SCI in the adult rat model. We developed a protein-coupled nanoconjugate to selectively deliver by transsynaptic transport small therapeutic amounts of an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist to the respiratory centers. A single administration of the nanoconjugate restored 75% of the respiratory drive at 0.1% of the systemic therapeutic drug dose. The reduction of the systemic dose may obviate the side effects. The recovery lasted for 4 weeks (the longest period studied). These findings have translational implications for patients with respiratory dysfunction after SCI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe leading causes of death in humans following SCI are respiratory complications secondary to paralysis of respiratory muscles. Systemic administration of methylxantines improves respiratory function but also leads to the development of deleterious side effects due to actions of the drug on nonrespiratory sites. The importance of the present study lies in the novel drug delivery approach that uses nanotechnology to selectively deliver recovery-inducing drugs to the respiratory centers exclusively. This strategy allows for a reduction in the therapeutic drug dose, which may reduce harmful side effects and markedly improve the quality of life for SCI patients.
Astrocytes Regulate GLP-1 Receptor-Mediated Effects on Energy Balance
Authors: Reiner David J. , Mietlicki-Baase Elizabeth G. , McGrath Lauren E. , Zimmer Derek J. , Bence Kendra K. , Sousa Gregory L. , Konanur Vaibhav R. , Krawczyk Joanna , Burk David H. , Kanoski Scott E. , Hermann Gerlinda E. , Rogers Richard C. , Hayes Matthew R. 
Published: March 2016

Astrocytes are well established modulators of extracellular glutamate, but their direct influence on energy balance-relevant behaviors is largely understudied. As the anorectic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are partly mediated by central modulation of glutamatergic signaling, we tested the hypothesis that astrocytic GLP-1R signaling regulates energy balance in rats. Central or peripheral administration of a fluorophore-labeled GLP-1R agonist, exendin-4, localizes within astrocytes and neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), a hindbrain nucleus critical for energy balance control. This effect is mediated by GLP-1R, as the uptake of systemically administered fluorophore-tagged exendin-4 was blocked by central pretreatment with the competitive GLP-1R antagonist exendin-(9–39).Ex vivoanalyses show prolonged exendin-4-induced activation (live cell calcium signaling) of NTS astrocytes and neurons; these effects are also attenuated by exendin-(9–39), indicating mediation by the GLP-1R.In vitroanalyses show that the application of GLP-1R agonists increases cAMP levels in astrocytes. Immunohistochemical analyses reveal that endogenous GLP-1 axons form close synaptic apposition with NTS astrocytes. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of NTS astrocytes attenuates the anorectic and body weight-suppressive effects of intra-NTS GLP-1R activation. Collectively, data demonstrate a role for NTS astrocytic GLP-1R signaling in energy balance control.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists reduce food intake and are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of obesity, but the cellular mechanisms underlying the anorectic effects of GLP-1 require further investigation. Astrocytes represent a major cellular population in the CNS that regulates neurotransmission, yet the role of astrocytes in mediating energy balance is largely unstudied. The current data provide novel evidence that astrocytes within the NTS are relevant for energy balance control by GLP-1 signaling. Here, we report that GLP-1R agonists activate and internalize within NTS astrocytes, while behavioral data suggest the pharmacological relevance of NTS astrocytic GLP-1R activation for food intake and body weight. These findings support a previously unknown role for CNS astrocytes in energy balance control by GLP-1 signaling.