bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bryozoa (Ectoprocta)
Authors: Gruhl Alexander , Schwaha Thomas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBryozoa (or Ectoprocta) are a taxon of sessile aquatic suspension feeders with about 6000 described species, living in marine and about 100 in freshwater habitats. Bryozoans form clonal colonies composed of numerous millimetre-sized individuals, called zooids, which maintain tissue interconnections. Traditionally, two main body regions are distinguished in an individual zooid, the protective cystid, which harbours a spacious fluid-filled coelom and is attached to the substrate or to neighbouring zooids, and the distal polypide, which consists of the tentacular crown, the tentacle sheath, and the digestive tract. The brain (also referred to as cerebral ganglion or ganglion) is located in the base of the lophophore. Underlying and innervating the ring of tentacles are large nerve cords that embrace the pharynx and form the so-called circumpharyngeal nerve ring. Additional neurite bundles emerging from the lateral and basal parts of the brain innervate further epidermal areas, the intestine, the musclature, and coelomic epithelia. Adult bryozoans lack complex sensory organs, but have many mechano- and possibly chemoreceptor cells on their tentacles and other uncuticularized parts of their body wall. Photoreceptors have not been demonstrated, although some colonies show positive or negative phototropism. Pigmented ocelli occur in some but not all larvae. Larvae also bear more or less complex apical organs, composed of several ciliated sensory cells, and frontal pyriform organs comprising sensory and gland cells.
Brachiopoda
Authors: Lüter Carsten 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Brachiopoda is an exclusively marine group of bivalved sessile filter feeders comprising some 400 extant as opposed to about 30,000 described fossil species. The nervous system in brachiopods was shown to run basi- to subepidermally. The main elements are a brain and a circum-oesophageal ring. The brain is a concentration of nervous tissue around the oesophagus forming a supraoesophageal and a suboesophageal ganglion. Only a few sensory organs are described in Brachiopoda. In linguliforms the swimming juvenile has a median tentacle with primary receptor cells of as yet unknown function at its tip, which directly project into a circum-oesophageal nerve ring. Additionally, linguliform swimming juveniles and adults are decribed to have a pair of statocysts.
Pycnogonida (Pantopoda)
Authors: Brenneis Georg 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Pycnogonids (sea spiders) are marine arthropods, which are most plausibly placed within chelicerates, as sister group to all other taxa. This chapter gives a brief overview of pycnogonid morphology before summarizing the available information on nervous system architecture and neural development. The brain is a bipartite composite ganglion that encompasses the protocerebral region and the deutocerebrum. Apart from fine structure details on the two pairs of eyes and the two optic neuropils, its neuroarchitecture remains poorly understood. The ventral nerve cord comprises a chain of separate ganglia, each of which containing a complex system of transverse tracts and glomerulus-like neuropils. At least some of these neuropils appear to receive chemosensory input. During development, transient ganglion anlagen posterior to the last walking leg ganglion indicate the reduction of more posterior body segments (‘opisthosoma’) in the pycnogonid stem lineage – as is also suggested by fossil evidence. Variations of the gross neuroanatomy in extant pycnogonid taxa include the presence of additional walking leg ganglia in extra-legged species and the occasional occurrence of an ‘extended’ suboesophageal ganglion. The intricate stomatogastric nervous system forms a basket-like network of numerous neurite bundles and several small ganglia around the triradiate sucking pharynx. While early pycnogonid neurogenesis is similar to other chelicerates, it differs in advanced stages by differentiation of neural stem cells. Based on the likely phylogenetic position of pycnogonids as sister group to all other chelicerate taxa, their bipartite brain and the separate ventral ganglia are discussed as plesiomorphic features of the Chelicerata.
New method for probing Kerr space-time based on imaging observation of in-falling gas blob
Authors: Moriyama Kotaro , Mineshige Shin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We propose a new observational method to probe the black hole space-time described by Einstein's theory. We consider a gas blob with an arc shape falling from the marginally stable orbit onto a black hole, carrying a finite amount of angular momentum. Previously, we proposed measuring the black hole spin from the flux variation data of the in-falling blob, assuming the Kerr space-time. We demonstrate here that we can independently measure the black hole spin solely by using the imaging data of the in-falling blob. We then introduce a Kerr-like hole (with one additional parameter which describes a stronger or weaker frame-dragging effect than that of the Kerr hole) and apply the two different methods of spin measurement: one based on the flux variation data and the other based on the imaging data. We obtain different spin values by the different methods for the Kerr-like hole. This is because these methods are sensitive to different components of the metric. We can in this way probe the black hole space-time through the comparison of the estimated spin values; that is, if the black hole space-time is described by the Kerr metric, all of them should coincide.
Self-assembly Controls Self-cleavage of HHR from ASBVd(-): a Combined SANS and Modeling Study
Authors: Leclerc Fabrice , Zaccai Giuseppe , Vergne Jacques , Řìhovà Martina , Martel Anne , Maurel Marie-Christine 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the Avocado Sunblotch Viroid (ASBVd: 249-nt) from the Avsunviroidae family, a symmetric rolling-circle replication operates through an autocatalytic mechanism mediated by hammerhead ribozymes (HHR) embedded in both polarity strands. The concatenated multimeric ASBVd (+) and ASBVd (-) RNAs thus generated are processed by cleavage to unit-length where ASBVd (-) self-cleaves with more efficiency. Absolute scale small angle neutron scattering (SANS) revealed a temperature-dependent dimer association in both ASBVd (-) and its derived 79-nt HHR (-). A joint thermodynamic analysis of SANS and catalytic data indicates the rate-determining step corresponds to the dimer/monomer transition. 2D and 3D models of monomeric and dimeric HHR (-) suggest that the inter-molecular contacts stabilizing the dimer (between HI and HII domains) compete with the intra-molecular ones stabilizing the active conformation of the full-length HHR required for an efficient self-cleavage. Similar competing intra- and inter-molecular contacts are proposed in ASBVd (-) though with a remoter region from an extension of the HI domain.
Synthesis of titanium dioxide thin films and its application in reducing microbial load of milk
Authors: Kumar Shruthi N , Sarode Manjula , Ravi Shankar H. N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMilk has rich nutritional content packed with fats, proteins and water. It also contains beneficiary and non-beneficiary microbes which account for its short shelf life. Currently cold storage, pasteurization, ultra-high temperature, microfiltration and addition of lactose peroxidase are the methods of choice to control milk spoilage and prolong its shelf life. Their limitations include high energy consumption and loss of variable proportion of heat sensitive nutrients. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle coated thin film was used in food packaging industry for its antimicrobial property. TiO2thin films were synthesized by sol gel process; it was characterized with scanning electron microscopy which showed pore size as 5 μm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy which showed metal present in sample is TiO2, zinc and silver. Exposure of raw milk at room temperature to TiO2thin films doped with zinc or copper for a couple of hours showed zone of inhibition in disc diffusion technique, reduction in acid production. It also showed reduction in optical density indicating inhibition of growth in growth curve analysis, increase in the time required for methylene blue reduction and a five log folds decrease in bacterial count estimated using serial dilution plate count. The present studies were carried out under room temperature and pressure which is an added advantage in terms of energy as well as retention of nutrients. Though TiO2is insoluble in water one needs to address it toxicity issues and adverse effects if any on the nutritional quality of milk before scaling up the process.
Effectiveness of Google keyword suggestion on users’ relevance judgment
Authors: Fattahi Rahmatollah , Parirokh Mehri , Dayyani Mohammd Hosien , Khosravi Abdolrasoul , Zareivenovel Mojgan 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– One of the most effective ways information retrieval (IR) systems including Web search engines can improve relevance performance is to provide their users with tools for facilitating query expansion. Search engines such as Google provide users with keyword suggest tools. This paper aims to investigate users’ criteria in relevance judgment regarding Google’s keywords suggest tool and to see how such keywords would lead to more relevant results from the viewpoint of users.

Design/methodology/approach
– Through a mixed method approach, quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 60 postgraduate students at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, using four different instruments (questionnaire, thinking aloud technique, query logs and interviews).

Findings
– Among other criteria, the “relation between suggested keywords and the information need” (with the mean rate of 3.53 of four) was considered the most important by searchers in selecting suggested keywords for query expansion. Also, the “relation between suggested Keywords and the retrieved items” (with the mean rate of 3.62) was considered the second most important criterion in judging the relevance of the retrieved results. The participants agreed that the suggested keywords by Google improved the retrieval relevance. The content analysis of the participants’ aloud-thinking sessions and the interviews approved such findings.

Originality/value
– This research makes a contribution to the need of designers of IR systems regarding the use of add words for query expansion. It also helps librarians how to instruct searchers with expanding their queries to retrieve more relevant results. Another contribution of the study is the identification of a number of new relevance judgment criteria for Web-based environments.
Effectuation and causation in new internet venture growth
Authors: Guo Runping , Cai Li , Zhang Weiyong 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– Research on new internet venture growth is lacking. The purpose of this paper is to address the gap by developing and testing a theoretical model that links venturing principles (effectuation or causation) to new internet venture growth through resource bundling (pioneering or stabilizing).Design/methodology/approach– The proposed theoretical model is developed upon the entrepreneurship literature and resource-based view. Empirical data are collected from entrepreneurs and top executives in China via a survey. The Baron and Kenny (1986) mediation model assessment procedure is used to analyze the data.Findings– Both effectuation and causation are positively associated with new internet venture growth. Effectuation leads to pioneering resource bundling, which in turn contributes to new internet venture growth. Causation also contributes to new internet venture growth, but through stabilizing resource bundling.Research limitations/implications– This research helps link the theory of effectuation to resource-based theory by revealing resource bundling as the mediator between effectuation, causation, and new venture growth. Moreover, the authors provide empirical evidence of the importance of resource bundling with entrepreneurial strategic decision logics to the growth of new internet ventures in transitional economies.Practical implications– Entrepreneurs and managers of new internet ventures should leverage both venturing principles to support growth. Internet ventures generally are creative and innovative in nature, hence favor effectuation. But it will be unwise to ignore causation, which also leads to growth.Originality/value– This is an original empirical research guided by theories. It is a novel insight to identify the mediating effect of resource bundling. This study likely will inspire more scholarly research on the subject. It also lays a solid foundation for further inquiry such as complementarities between effectuation and causation.
The Internet of Things: a security point of view
Authors: Li Shancang , Tryfonas Theo , Li Honglei 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth overview of the security requirements and challenges for Internet of Things (IoT) and discuss security solutions for various enabling technologies and implications to various applications.

Design/methodology/approach
– Security requirements and solutions are analysed based on a four-layer framework of IoT on sensing layer, network layer, service layer, and application layer. The cross-layer threats are analysed followed by the security discussion for the enabling technologies including identification and tracking technologies, WSN and RFID, communication, networks, and service management.

Findings
– IoT calls for new security infrastructure based on the new technical standards. As a consequence, new security design for IoT shall pay attention to these new standards. Security at both the physical devices and service-applications is critical to the operation of IoT, which is indispensable for the success of IoT. Open problems remain in a number of areas, such as security and privacy protection, network protocols, standardization, identity management, trusted architecture, etc.

Practical implications
– The implications to various applications including supervisory control and data acquisition, enterprise systems, social IoT are discussed. The paper will serve as a starting point for future IoT security design and management. The security strategies for IoT should be carefully designed by managing the tradeoffs among security, privacy, and utility to provide security in multi-layer architecture of IoT.

Originality/value
– The paper synthesizes the current security requirements for IoT and provides a clear framework of security infrastructure based on four layers. Accordingly, the security requirements and potential threats in the four-layer architecture are provided in terms of general devices security, communication security, network security, and application security.
Internet of things capability and alliance
Authors: Yu Xiaoyu , Nguyen Bang , Chen Yi 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of capability and alliance arising from the internet of things (IoT), specifically in the relationships between strategic orientations (entrepreneurial and market foci) with product and process innovations. In addition, it investigates the direct relationship between IoT capability and alliance. Improving these relationships assist in ensuring that new knowledge from the IoT can be translated into tangible business innovations that contribute to economic development.Design/methodology/approach– Data from 207 new high-technology IoT ventures in China were obtained after three-wave mailing (i.e. two reminders). Following a rigorous process to purify and validate the measurement scale items, the study used structural equation modeling to test the conceptual model.Findings– Findings demonstrate that an IoT capability only enhances product innovation, however, with the addition and support from IoT alliance, both product and process innovation can be achieved in new high-tech IoT ventures. This nuanced insight suggests that new high-tech IoT ventures should focus on building their IoT capability, and at the same time, develop IoT alliances with value chain partners in order to fully take advantage of IoT and gain a better position to formulate more novel offerings.Originality/value– The study is first to contribute with a much needed framework of IoT and entrepreneurship by examining the role of IoT capability further in the relationships between: entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation with product and process innovations arising from IoT; and the role of IoT alliance (interfirm relations, partnerships, etc.) on the relationship above.
Customized logistics service and online shoppers’ satisfaction: an empirical study
Authors: Hu Mingyao , Huang Fang , Hou Hanping , Chen Yong , Bulysheva Larissa 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Fast-growing online retail market provides convenience for customers. But it makes competition among online retailers fiercer as well. Online retailers need to improve online shoppers’ satisfaction level for the purpose of keeping their loyalty. As an important component in online retail market, logistics service affects online shoppers’ satisfaction level. By applying expectation confirmation theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore how customized logistics services (CLS) influences online shoppers’ satisfaction level and whether the relationship between them is moderated by product type.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected from Tmall.com, the biggest online retail market in China. Exploratory factor analysis and two-way ANOVA were conducted to analyze the data.

Findings
– The results indicate that CLS positively impacts online shoppers’ satisfaction level. But product type does not have moderate effect on the relationship between CLS and online shoppers’ satisfaction level.

Practical implications
– Online retail market grows fast. As the number of retailers keeps increasing, competition in this market becomes fiercer. In order to attract new shoppers and increase shoppers’ loyalty, online retailers must make shopper satisfied with their purchase. CLS positively impacts online shoppers’ satisfaction level, online retailers should offer shoppers CLS.

Originality/value
– This study examines how customized logistics influences customer satisfaction, and extends literatures related to online customer satisfaction by integrating the factor CLS and opens the way for other studies related to logistics service customization. Furthermore, this study discusses how IoT will improve online retailers’ abilities in providing CLS.
Simultaneous Determination of 10 Photoinitiators in Milk by Solid‐Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Liu Pengyan , Zhao Chunxia , Zhang Yajing , Chen Yanjie 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPhotoinitiators (PIs) are widely used in food packaging materials, can migrate easily from packaging materials to food, and cause food contamination. It is essential to establish a method of determining PIs residues in food. A new method for simultaneously determining 10 kinds of PIs in milk has been established by using solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) combined with a simple method of protein precipitation as the pretreatment approach and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as the detecting technique. The limits of detection for 10 PIs in different milks were between 0.05 and 1.4 μg/L (skimmed milk), between 0.07 and 2.2 μg/L (semi‐skimmed milk), between 0.11 and 4.4 μg/L (whole milk), respectively. The recoveries were from 71.5% to 133.5%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 15%. Twelve kinds of packed milk with different brands and fat contents were determined using this method.
Long and winding road: Aged care use before death
Authors: Joenperä Jenni , Van Der Zwan Felicity , Karmel Rose , Cooper‐Stanbury Mark 
Published: March 2016

AimTo understand how older Australians used Federal Government‐funded aged care services in the eight years before their death.MethodThe Australian Institute of Health and Welfare's Pathways in Aged Care (PIAC) database was used to examine individual patterns of aged care service use between 2002 and 2011 for the 116 481 people who died in 2010–2011 aged 65 or over.ResultsAbout 80% of Australians who died in 2010–2011 aged 65 or over had used aged care services in the eight years prior to their death. Most (84%) entered the system through a community‐based programme (particularly Home and Community Care (HACC) and, to a much smaller degree, community packaged aged care programmes), with only 1 in 10 people first using permanent residential aged care. The most common pattern of age care service use was HACC only. Other common patterns of care use were HACC followed by permanent residential aged care, and permanent residential care only. In all, people used aged care programmes in more than 1500 combinations.ConclusionThe comprehensive PIAC database allows research into patterns of use of aged care services that can inform decision‐making by clients, carers, providers and funders of the services.
Novel PITX2 gene mutations in patients with Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome
Authors: Seifi Morteza , Footz Tim , Taylor Sherry A. M. , Elhady Ghada M. , Abdalla Ebtesam M. , Walter Michael A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeMutations in the bicoid‐like transcription factor PITX2 gene often result in Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome (ARS), an autosomal‐dominant inherited disorder. We report here the discovery and characterization of novel PITX2 deletions in a small kindred with ARS.MethodsTwo familial patients (father and son) from a consanguineous family were examined in the present study. Patient DNA samples were screened for PITX2 mutations by DNA sequencing and for copy number variation by SYBR Green quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.ResultsWe report a novel deletion involving the coding region of PITX2 in both patients. The minimum size of the deletion is 1 421 914 bp that spans one upstream regulatory element (CE4), PITX2 and a minimum of 13 neighbouring genes. The maximum size of the deletion is 3 789 983 bp. The proband (son) additionally possesses a novel 2‐bp deletion in a non‐coding exon of the remaining PITX2 allele predicted to alter correct splicing.ConclusionOur findings implicate a novel deletion of the PITX2 gene in the pathogenesis of ARS in the affected family. This ARS family presented with an atypical and extremely severe phenotype that resulted in four miscarriages and the death at 10 months of age of a sib of the proband. As the phenotypic manifestations in the proband are more severe than that of the father, we hypothesize that the deletion of the entire PITX2 allele plus a novel 2‐bp deletion (observed in the proband) within the remaining PITX2 allele together contributed to the atypical ARS presentation in this family. This is the first study reporting on bi‐allelic changes of PITX2 potentially contributing to a more severe ARS phenotype.