bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stanniferous magnetite composition from the Haobugao skarn Fe–Zn deposit, southern Great Xing'an Range: Implication for mineral depositional mechanism
Authors: Wang Xiangdong , Wei Wei , Lv Xinbiao , Fan Xiejun , Wang Shaobin 
Published: September 2017

The Great Xing'an Range in north‐eastern China hosts numerous super‐large Ag–Pb–Zn deposits and some Fe–Sn deposits. The Mesozoic Haobugao Fe–Zn polymetallic skarn deposit in the southern Great Xing'an Range is contemporaneous with the regional Ag–Pb–Zn mineralization. Numerous ore bodies are hosted in the Lower Permian carbonate strata or along the contact with the Early Cretaceous granite. According to the field and systematic petrography and mineralography research, the Haobugao mineralization phases are divided into 3 paragenetic stages: prograde stage, retrograde stage, and sulphide stage. Magnetite mainly occurred in the retrograde stage and replaced the anhydrous skarn minerals (e.g., garnet and diopside). Two types of magnetite (Mag1 and Mag2), including 6 subtypes, can be distinguished based on the scanning electron microscopy and back scattered electron images. Electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer analysis were used to determine major and trace elements in different types of magnetite. Mag1 has higher Ti and V concentrations than Mag2, indicating a relatively higher depositional temperature. Mag1 also contains relatively higher Mg and Mn concentrations, coupled with much lower Si and Al concentrations, which reflects a low fluid/rock ratio at the site of Mag1 deposition. Element variation features of Mag1 and Mag2 reveal that the Haobugao mineralization fluids gradually evolved from high‐temperature and low fluid/rock ratio fluids to relatively low‐temperature and high fluid/rock ratio fluids. However, electron probe microanalysis data of Mag2 display significantly higher Sn concentrations (up to 2.82 wt.%) than that in Mag1, which indicates that Sn can be incorporated into magnetite crystal lattice. We propose a possible substitution mechanism of Sn4+ + Mn2+ = 2Fe3+, supported by the strongly positive correlation between Sn4+ and Mn2+, whereby a substitution of Sn4+ for Fe3+ in octahedral sites of magnetite requires a compensatory substitution of Mn2+ for Fe3+ to maintain the charge balance.
Zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry of Devonian plagiogranites in the Kuerti area of southern Chinese Altay, northwest China: Petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of late Paleozoic ophiolites
Authors: Shen Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Hai‐Xiang , Wang Qiang , Saha Abhishek , Ma Lin 
Published: September 2017

This study presents zircon U–Pb geochronology with major, trace, rare earth element and Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry for plagiogranite dyke swarms occurring within the gabbro unit of the lower part of the Kuerti ophiolite in southern Chinese Altay, Northwest China. These intrusive plagiogranites cut across the metamorphic zone consisting of amphibolites that are related to hydrothermal alteration and shearing of gabbros. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating of 2 plagiogranite samples yields approximately 390 Ma age of origin. They are geochemically characterized by relatively high SiO2 and Na2O, low K2O, TiO2, and Al2O3 contents, with marked enrichment in light rare earth elements and depletion in Nb, Ta, and Ti. They have slightly higher initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7040 to 0.7049), lower εNd(t) values (+3.6 to +6.3), and higher Th contents (2.84–11.9 ppm) than those (0.7034 to 0.7048, +7.2 to +10.3, and 0.04 to 1.79) of closely associated amphibolites. Geological and geochemical attributes suggest that the plagiogranites were generated by the anatexis of hydrated and hydrothermally altered amphibolites and minor sediments from oceanic crust during shearing at low pressure (<0.1 GPa) and temperature (<850 °C) conditions in a suprasubduction zone setting. The ridge subduction at approximately 390 Ma caused the upwelling of the hot asthenosphere and triggered the spreading of the Kuerti back‐arc basin, followed by the formation of the plagiogranites in the Kuerti ophiolite.
Online assessment of risk factors for dementia and cognitive function in healthy adults
Authors: Huntley J. , Corbett A. , Wesnes K. , Brooker H. , Stenton R. , Hampshire A. , Ballard C. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveSeveral potentially modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia have been identified, including low educational attainment, smoking, diabetes, physical inactivity, hypertension, midlife obesity, depression, and perceived social isolation. Managing these risk factors in late midlife and older age may help reduce the risk of dementia; however, it is unclear whether these factors also relate to cognitive performance in older individuals without dementia.MethodData from 14 201 non‐demented individuals aged >50 years who enrolled in the online PROTECT study were used to examine the relationship between cognitive function and known modifiable risk factors for dementia. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted on 4 cognitive outcomes assessing verbal and spatial working memory, visual episodic memory, and verbal reasoning.ResultsIncreasing age was associated with reduced performance across all tasks. Higher educational achievement, the presence of a close confiding relationship, and moderate alcohol intake were associated with benefits across all 4 cognitive tasks, and exercise was associated with better performance on verbal reasoning and verbal working memory tasks. A diagnosis of depression was negatively associated with performance on visual episodic memory and working memory tasks, whereas being underweight negatively affected performance on all tasks apart from verbal working memory. A history of stroke was negatively associated with verbal reasoning and working memory performance.ConclusionKnown modifiable risk factors for dementia are associated with cognitive performance in non‐demented individuals in late midlife and older age. This provides further support for public health interventions that seek to manage these risk factors across the lifespan.
White matter integrity of central executive network correlates with enhanced brain reactivity to smoking cues
Authors: Bi Yanzhi , Yuan Kai , Yu Dahua , Wang Ruonan , Li Min , Li Yangding , Zhai Jinquan , Lin Wei , Tian Jie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe attentional bias to smoking cues contributes to smoking cue reactivity and cognitive declines underlines smoking behaviors, which were probably associated with the central executive network (CEN). However, little is known about the implication of the structural connectivity of the CEN in smoking cue reactivity and cognitive control impairments in smokers. In the present study, the white matter structural connectivity of the CEN was quantified in 35 smokers and 26 non‐smokers using the diffusion tensor imaging and deterministic fiber tractography methods. Smoking cue reactivity was evaluated using cue exposure tasks, and cognitive control performance was assessed by the Stroop task. Relative to non‐smokers, smokers showed increased fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the bilateral CEN fiber tracts. The FA values of left CEN positively correlated with the smoking cue‐induced activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right middle occipital cortex in smokers. Meanwhile, the FA values of left CEN positively correlated with the incongruent errors during Stroop task in smokers. Collectively, the present study highlighted the role of the structural connectivity of the CEN in smoking cue reactivity and cognitive control performance, which may underpin the attentional bias to smoking cues and cognitive deficits in smokers. The multimodal imaging method by forging links from brain structure to brain function extended the notion that structural connections can modulate the brain activity in specific projection target regions. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6239–6249, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A multisample study of longitudinal changes in brain network architecture in 4–13‐year‐old children
Authors: Wierenga Lara M. , van den Heuvel Martijn P. , Oranje Bob , Giedd Jay N. , Durston Sarah , Peper Jiska S. , Brown Timothy T. , Crone Eveline A. ,   The Pediatric Longitudinal Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecent advances in human neuroimaging research have revealed that white‐matter connectivity can be described in terms of an integrated network, which is the basis of the human connectome. However, the developmental changes of this connectome in childhood are not well understood. This study made use of two independent longitudinal diffusion‐weighted imaging data sets to characterize developmental changes in the connectome by estimating age‐related changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) for reconstructed fibers (edges) between 68 cortical regions. The first sample included 237 diffusion‐weighted scans of 146 typically developing children (4–13 years old, 74 females) derived from the Pediatric Longitudinal Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PLING) study. The second sample included 141 scans of 97 individuals (8–13 years old, 62 females) derived from the BrainTime project. In both data sets, we compared edges that had the most substantial age‐related change in FA to edges that showed little change in FA. This allowed us to investigate if developmental changes in white matter reorganize network topology. We observed substantial increases in edges connecting peripheral and a set of highly connected hub regions, referred to as the rich club. Together with the observed topological differences between regions connecting to edges showing the smallest and largest changes in FA, this indicates that changes in white matter affect network organization, such that highly connected regions become even more strongly imbedded in the network. These findings suggest that an important process in brain development involves organizing patterns of inter‐regional interactions. Hum Brain Mapp 39:157–170, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surgical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve: A new classification system for selective upper airway stimulation
Authors: Heiser Clemens , Knopf Andreas , Hofauer Benedikt 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundSelective upper airway stimulation (UAS) has shown effectiveness in treating patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The terminating branches of the hypoglossal nerve show a wide complexity, requiring careful discernment of a functional breakpoint between branches for inclusion and exclusion from the stimulation cuff electrode. The purpose of this study was to describe and categorize the topographic phenotypes of these branches.MethodsThirty patients who received an implant with selective UAS from July 2015 to June 2016 were included. All implantations were recorded using a microscope and resultant tongue motions were captured perioperatively for comparison.ResultsEight different variations of the branches were encountered and described, both in a tabular numeric fashion and in pictorial schema.ConclusionThe examinations showed the complex phenotypic surgical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve. A schematic classification system has been developed to help surgeons identify the optimal location for cuff placement in UAS.
Thyroid‐stimulating hormone suppression therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer: The role for a combined T3/T4 approach
Authors: Fussey Jonathan Mark , Khan Habib , Ahsan Farhan , Prashant Ravi , Pettit Laura 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn the management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, surgery with or without postoperative radioiodine, and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression is the standard of care in most patients. Levothyroxine is recommended for long‐term TSH suppression. For some patients, this may be difficult to tolerate due to adverse effects, such as impaired cognitive function.MethodsThis article reviews the evidence for the role of combination treatment with triiodothyronine (T3) and levothyroxine (T4) in these patients.ResultsThe evidence for combination T3 and T4 treatment comes mainly from studies on hypothyroidism, and research into its use for TSH suppression is limited.ConclusionAlthough the evidence base is not strong, there is a small group of patients who may benefit from combination T3 and T4 treatment due to difficulty tolerating thyroxine. Until further evidence is available, a case‐by‐case approach is recommended.
Deregulation of selected microRNAs in sinonasal carcinoma: Value of miR‐21 as prognostic biomarker in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kovarikova Helena , Bubancova Ivana , Laco Jan , Sieglova Katerina , Vosmikova Hana , Vosmik Milan , Dundr Pavel , Nemejcova Kristyna , Michalek Jaroslav , Palicka Vladimir , Chmelarova Marcela 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundTumors occurring in the sinonasal area are characterized by unfavorable outcome due to difficult diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease corresponding with the anatomic complexity of the area.MethodsWe used quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to compare relative expression of miR‐21, miR‐141, and miR‐200c in 70 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples of sinonasal carcinoma tissue (majority of squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] samples) with 17 control samples of sinonasal tissue.ResultsOur data showed significant upregulation of miR‐21 in sinonasal cancer tissue. Expression levels of miR‐141 and miR‐200c were below detectable levels in both sinonasal cancer samples and healthy tissue. Kaplan‐Meier analysis with log‐rank survival showed that patients with SCC with high expression of miR‐21 (highest quartile) had impaired survival close to reaching statistical significance (P = .0630).ConclusionOur results suggest that miR‐21 upregulation is involved in tumorigenesis of sinonasal carcinoma and that it is associated with poor prognosis. Thus, miR‐21 could be used as a valuable prognostic biomarker.
Survival outcomes for postoperative chemoradiation in intermediate‐risk oral tongue cancers
Authors: Spiotto Michael T. , Jefferson Gina D. , Wenig Barry , Markiewicz Michael R. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Koshy Matthew 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe survival outcomes for surgery + postoperative radiotherapy (S+RT) or surgery + postoperative chemoradiation (S+CRT) was compared in patients having oral tongue cancers with intermediate‐risk pathological features.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database (NCDB), overall survival (OS) for S+RT or S+CRT was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard models in the entire population (n = 2803) and in a propensity‐matched cohort (n = 1136).ResultsThe 3‐year OS was 73.3% for S+CRT versus 66.7% for S+RT (P = .02). The S+CRT improved the 3‐year OS for patients with 2 or more involved metastatic lymph nodes (≥2 MLNs; P = .01) but not for patients with <2 MLNs (P = .73). Undergoing S+CRT improved the 3‐year OS for patients with pathologic T classification (pT) pT3‐pT4 disease (P = .01) but not for patients with pT1‐pT2 disease (P = .18).ConclusionUndergoing S+CRT was associated with improved survival for patients with tongue cancers with ≥2 MLNs and/or pT3‐pT4 suggesting that specific intermediate‐risk pathological features benefit from treatment intensification.
Tubeless tracheal resection and reconstruction for management of benign stenosis
Authors: Caronia Francesco Paolo , Loizzi Domenico , Nicolosi Tommaso , Castorina Sergio , Fiorelli Alfonso 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe reported a tubeless tracheal resection and reconstruction for the management of benign posttracheostomy tracheal stenosis.MethodsA 34‐year‐old man with stridor, severe respiratory distress, and recurrent pneumonia was referred to our attention for treatment of benign posttracheostomy tracheal stenosis. As he refused general anesthesia, the procedure was performed while he was under local anesthesia and spontaneous ventilation.ResultsSedation was started with infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.7 mg/kg/min and of remifentanil 0.5 mg/kg/h; also, 40%‐50% oxygen was delivered using a laryngeal mask at a rate of 3.5 mL/min. An additional dose of 2% lidocaine was injected into the surgical site during the operation to achieve an adequate level of anesthesia. A standard resection and reconstruction of trachea was carried out and no recurrence was found in the follow‐up of 41 months.ConclusionTubeless tracheal surgery seems to be a feasible and safe procedure. Larger prospective series should validate our results.
Survival and recurrence of resectable tongue cancer: Resection margin cutoff value by T classification
Authors: Lee Doh Young , Kang Sung Hoon , Kim Jae Hyung , Kim Min‐Su , Oh Kyoung Ho , Woo Jeong‐Soo , Kwon Soon‐Young , Jung Kwang‐Yoon , Baek Seung‐Kuk 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine an appropriate cutoff value for the resection margin according to the initial T classification.MethodsThe medical records of 151 patients treated by surgery for tongue cancer were retrospectively reviewed to identify the significant perioperative parameters and appropriate cutoff value associated with disease‐specific survival (DSS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS).ResultsThe posterior resection margin was significantly correlated with survival and local recurrence (P = .020 and .016, respectively), whereas the deep resection margin was correlated with overall recurrence (P = .047). The cutoff values of the posterior and deep resection margins for survival and recurrence were different and larger in the advanced‐stage T classification group (0.45 cm vs 0.95 cm and 0.25 cm vs 0.80 cm, respectively).ConclusionPosterior and deep resection margins are significant prognosticators in tongue cancer. A larger resection margin may be needed in advanced‐stage T classification.
Programmes for the prevention of parent‐to‐child transmission of HIV in Papua New Guinea: Health system challenges and opportunities
Authors: Tynan Anna , Vallely Lisa , Kupul Martha , Neo Ruthy , Fiya Voletta , Worth Heather , Kariwiga Grace , Mola Glen D.L. , Kaldor John , Kelly‐Hanku Angela 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundPrevention of parent‐to‐child transmission (PPTCT) of HIV is a highly complex package of interventions, which spans services in both maternal and child health programmes. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), a commitment to ensure that all pregnant women and their partners have access to the full range of PPTCT interventions exists; however, efforts to increase access and utilisation of PPTCT remain far from optimal. The aim of this paper is to examine health care worker (HCW) perception of health system factors impacting on the performance of PPTCT programmes.MethodSixteen interviews were undertaken with HCWs involved in the PPTCT programme. Application of the WHO 6 building blocks of a health system was applied, and further thematic analysis was conducted on the data with assistance from the analysis software NVivo.ResultsBroken equipment, problems with access to medication and supplies, and poorly supported workforce were reported as barriers for implementing a successful PPTCT programme. The absence of central coordination of this complex, multistaged programme was also recognised as a key issue.ConclusionThe study findings highlight an important need for investment in appropriately trained and supported HCWs and integration of services at each stage of the PPTCT programme. Lessons from the PPTCT experience in PNG may inform policy discussions and considerations in other similar contexts.
Spatio‐temporal variability of Great Lakes basin snow cover ablation events
Authors: Suriano Zachary J. , Leathers Daniel J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the Great Lakes basin of North America, annual run‐off is dominated by snowmelt. This snowmelt‐induced run‐off plays an important role within the hydrologic cycle of the basin, influencing soil moisture availability and driving the seasonal cycle of spring and summer lake levels. Despite this, relatively little is understood about the patterns and trends of snow ablation event frequency and magnitude within the Great Lakes basin. This study uses a gridded dataset of Canadian and United States surface snow depth observations to develop a regional climatology of snow ablation events from 1960 to 2009. An ablation event is defined as an interdiurnal snow depth decrease within an individual grid cell. A clear seasonal cycle in ablation event frequency exists within the basin and peak ablation event probability is latitudinally dependent. Most of the basin experiences peak ablation frequency in March, while the northern and southern regions of the basin experience respective peaks in April and February. An investigation into the interannual frequency of ablation events reveals ablation events significantly decrease within the northeastern and northwestern Lake Superior drainage basins and significantly increase within the eastern Lake Huron and Georgian Bay drainage basins. In the eastern Lake Huron and Georgian Bay drainage basins, larger ablation events are occurring more frequently, and a larger impact to the hydrology can be expected. Trends in ablation events are attributed primarily to changes in snowfall and snow depth across the region.
Flood seasonality across Scandinavia—Evidence of a shifting hydrograph?
Authors: Matti Bettina , Dahlke Helen E. , Dieppois Bastien , Lawler Damian M. , Lyon Steve W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFluvial flood events have substantial impacts on humans, both socially and economically, as well as on ecosystems (e.g., hydroecology and pollutant transport). Concurrent with climate change, the seasonality of flooding in cold environments is expected to shift from a snowmelt‐dominated to a rainfall‐dominated flow regime. This would have profound impacts on water management strategies, that is, flood risk mitigation, drinking water supply, and hydro power. In addition, cold climate hydrological systems exhibit complex interactions with catchment properties and large‐scale climate fluctuations making the manifestation of changes difficult to detect and predict. Understanding a possible change in flood seasonality and defining related key drivers therefore is essential to mitigate risk and to keep management strategies viable under a changing climate.This study explores changes in flood seasonality across near‐natural catchments in Scandinavia using circular statistics and trend tests. Results indicate strong seasonality in flooding for snowmelt‐dominated catchments with a single peak occurring in spring and early summer (March through June), whereas flood peaks are more equally distributed throughout the year for catchments located close to the Atlantic coast and in the south of the study area. Flood seasonality has changed over the past century seen as decreasing trends in summer maximum daily flows and increasing winter and spring maximum daily flows with 5–35% of the catchments showing significant changes at the 5% significance level. Seasonal mean daily flows corroborate those findings with higher percentages (5–60%) of the catchments showing statistically significant changes. Alterations in annual flood occurrence also point towards a shift in flow regime from snowmelt‐dominated to rainfall‐dominated with consistent changes towards earlier timing of the flood peak (significant for 25% of the catchments). Regionally consistent patterns suggest a first‐order climate control as well as a local second‐order catchment control, which causes inter‐seasonal variability in the streamflow response.