bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural kind reasoning in consciousness science: An alternative to theory testing
Authors: Mckilliam Andy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is often suggested that to make progress in consciousness science we need a theory of consciousness—one that tells us what consciousness is and what kinds of systems can have it. But this may be putting the cart before the horse. There are currently a wide range of very different theories all claiming to be theories of consciousness. How are we to decide between them if we do not already know which systems are conscious and what they are conscious of? In this paper I aim to do two things. First, I explain why a theory‐driven approach to consciousness science, even one sensitive to Lakatosian norms and updating in a Bayesian manner, may lead to divergence rather than convergence. Second, I draw on the history of thermometry and natural kind reasoning to sketch a theory‐neutral route towards progress in consciousness science.
Auditory–motor synchronization in developmental coordination disorder: Effects on interlimb coordination during walking and running
Authors: Goetschalckx Mieke , Feys Peter , Rameckers Eugene , Moens Bart , Leman Marc , Moumdjian Lousin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDevelopmental coordination disorder (DCD) presents challenges in motor control. DCD affects tasks such as walking and running and is characterized by poor interlimb coordination and increased spatiotemporal variability compared to typically developing children (TDC). While auditory rhythm synchronization has shown to have benefits for gait performance in adults, its impact on children with DCD during walking and running remains unclear. This study investigated auditory–motor synchronization and interlimb coordination during walking and running in children with and without DCD. Twenty‐one DCD and 23 TDC participants aged 8−12 years walked and ran to two different auditory metronomes (discrete and continuous). Synchronization consistency was the primary outcome, with interlimb coordination and spatiotemporal variability as secondary outcomes. Results showed that children with DCD exhibited significantly lower synchronization consistency than TDC, particularly during running. The metronome structure did not influence synchronization ability. Additionally, interlimb coordination differed significantly between DCD and TDC during running and was not impacted by auditory–motor synchronization. Spatiotemporal variability was higher in DCD during both walking and running than in TDC, and accentuated during running. Variability of cadence was influenced by the use of continuous metronomes, which may offer potential benefits in reducing cadence variability.
I expect you to be happy, so I see you smile: A multidimensional account of emotion attribution
Authors: Berio Leda , Newen Albert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConstructivist theories of emotions and empirical studies have been increasingly stressing the role of contextual information and cultural conventions in emotion recognition. We propose a new account of emotion recognition and attribution that systematically integrates these aspects, and argue that emotion recognition is part of the general process of person impression formation. To describe the structural organization and the role of background information in emotion recognition and attribution, we introduce situation models and personal models. These models constitute the top‐level structures in a complex hierarchy of dimensions which considers different types of basic emotion cues. Thus, we propose a multidimensional account of emotion recognition which enables us to integrate the top‐down and bottom‐up processes involved: basic emotion cues in certain contexts can trigger situation models and person models, which influence emotion recognition which, in turn, reinforce or modify these models. We argue that this kind of loop deeply affects the way emotions enter our social interactions. Our account is in line with the “normative turn” of social cognition, that stresses the way social expectations actively shape the patterns we recognize, and make, in our social world.
Spectral Heat Transfer Coefficient for Thermal Design Analysis—Part II: Leveraging Diabatic Wall Conditioning for Nonlinear Regime
Authors: He L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There are two main issues of interest in the context of Newton's law of cooling as applied to turbine aerothermal designs. First, in a linear aerothermal regime in which both the conventional wisdom in general and the law of cooling in particular are notionally established, how do we deal with a non-isothermal wall where the wall surface temperature is non-uniform? Secondly, what can we do if an aerothermal system becomes nonlinear, manifested by qualitatively large changes in the flow field affected by heat transfer? In Part 1, a new spectral heat transfer coefficient (SHTC) method has been introduced for blade thermal analysis subject to non-isothermal walls in a linear aerothermal regime. It has been demonstrated definitively that the SHTC approach enables markedly more accurate thermal design analyses of a solid temperature field than the conventional method. Part II is devoted to address the issue of nonlinearity when the temperature field actively interacts with the velocity field as in many practical aerothermal problems. It is noted that the conventional approach rests heavily on an adiabatic state, so much so that its working range becomes overly restrictive. To move away from the adiabatic state, we take advantage of a smooth (“differentiable”) heat flux-wall temperature relation afforded by strong solid diffusion. A local linearization can be utilized by decomposing a full thermal variable into a nonlinear base as the reference and a locally linear perturbation. This split enables us to directly compute a nonlinear base as well as to carry out a linearized scaling with the SHTC (or HTC for isothermal wall) on top of the selected nonlinear aerothermal base state. The framework method has been implemented with relatively minor changes to the linear SHTC scaling method as presented in Part 1. The results of the present computational case studies clearly and consistently support the validity and effectiveness of the present approach.
Top-Down Hierarchical Construction and Application of a Domain Knowledge Graph Based on Multimodal Design Information
Authors: Li Zhinan , Sa Guodong , Liu Zhenyu , Li Bin , Tan Jianrong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Market demands for diversified and personalized customer needs drive the need for continuous high-speed iteration of products. Among them, product conceptual design is the core process for meeting consumer needs and expectations. However, in the product conceptual design stage, data are distributed across sketches, 2D drawings, natural language texts, images, and other files, presenting characteristics of fragmentation, potential inconsistency, and multimodality. This complex data landscape can lead to challenges in accessing comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge for designers. To effectively improve designers' personal proficiency and abilities and break the knowledge isolation phenomenon, we constructed a top-down hierarchical structure of the product conceptual design domain knowledge model, achieving the formal expression of knowledge in the product conceptual design stage. First, a top-down product design domain knowledge graph (DDKG) construction method, including design feature analysis, relationship extraction, and concept definition, was proposed, resulting in the hierarchical ontology. Second, using techniques such as data analysis, knowledge extraction, and semantic similarity calculation, the automatic instantiation of the graph was realized and the DDKG was constructed. The DDKG provides three application modes: domain knowledge search, knowledge recommendation, and exploratory analysis. Finally, the proposed top-down hierarchical DDKG construction method was applied and verified in the high-end integrated home furnishing enterprise product conceptual design. We formed a unified core concept and terminology for the home furnishing conceptual design domain and constructed a knowledge service model, providing support for the intelligent transformation of the high-end integrated home furnishing design field.
Impact of VP2 structure on antigenicity: comparison of BTV1 and the highly virulent BTV8 serotype
Authors: Bissett Sara L. , Roy Polly 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an agriculturally and economically significant insect-borne virus that causes serious illness and death in sheep and other domestic and wild ruminants in large areas of the world. Numerous BTV serotypes exist, and distant serotypes exhibit unique neutralizing antibody profiles, which target the outermost capsid protein VP2. The predominant serotype-specific nature of the antibody response to VP2 is a barrier to the development of broad-spectrum prophylactic BTV vaccine candidates. Although VP2 is the main serotype determinant of BTV, the structural basis of serotype specificity has not been investigated. In this study, we utilized the recently available atomic structure of VP2 with a modeled tip domain to carry out
in silico
structural comparisons between distant serotypes BTV1 and BTV8. These analyses identified structural differences in the tip domain, positioned at the apex of VP2, and informed the design of mutant VP2 constructs. Dissection of tip domain antigenicity demonstrated that the region of structural difference between BTV1 and highly virulent BTV8 was a target of BTV neutralizing antibodies and that mutation of this region resulted in a loss of neutralizing antibody recognition. This study has for the first time provided insights into the structural differences, which underpin the serotype-specific neutralizing antibody response to BTV.

IMPORTANCE
The immune system can protect against virus infection by producing antibodies, which bind and inhibit the virus from infecting the susceptible host. These antibodies are termed neutralizing antibodies and generally target the viral receptor binding protein, such as the VP2 of bluetongue virus (BTV). This pressure from the immune system can drive mutation of the viral protein resulting in escape from antibody-mediated neutralization and the evolution of serotypes, as is the case for BTV. Understanding the structural differences, which underpin the different BTV serotypes, could help guide the design of a BTV vaccine that targets multiple serotypes. In this study, we have mapped the VP2 structural differences between distant serotypes, to a region targeted by neutralizing antibodies, and have demonstrated for the first time how VP2 structure is the fundamental basis of serotype specificity.
Seawater sulfate dynamics and a new tipping point in the Earth system
Authors: Fakhraee Mojtaba , Bauer Kohen W. , Crowe Sean A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Seawater sulfate (SO42−) concentrations have changed by orders of magnitude in response to atmospheric and ocean redox dynamics throughout Earth's history. A fundamental model that constrains seawater SO42− dynamics based on the principles of mass balance, however, is still lacking. Here, we used a dynamical systems approach to determine the effects of global source and sink strengths on seawater SO42− concentrations. Our stochastic analysis of the SO42− mass balance revealed two most probable seawater SO42− concentration ranges: one under widespread oceanic anoxic conditions with SO42− concentrations &lt;1000 µM, and the other with SO42− concentrations around or above 10,000 µM under widely oxygenated ocean conditions. Swings between these two seawater SO42− concentration ranges are notably evident during the Phanerozoic Eon and developed in response to reoccurring oceanic anoxic events. We also identified a threshold for the extent of oceanic anoxia above which seawater SO42− concentrations collapse to &lt;1000 µM, with corresponding impacts on global biogeochemical cycles, biology, and climate.
Pulse of intense oxidative weathering during the latest Paleoproterozoic
Authors: Yang Xiuqing , Yang Guowei , Li Chao , Konhauser Kurt O. , Wu Changzhi , Huang Fang , Mao Jingwen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The mid-Proterozoic (ca. 1.8–0.8 Ga) is broadly characterized by low atmospheric oxygen and pervasive oceanic anoxia punctuated by pulses of oxygenation. However, the causes underpinning these transient events remain elusive. Here, we report on 1.64 billion-year-old black shales and dolostone from the Chuanlinggou Formation in the North China Craton that represent sediment deposited during the break-up of the supercontinent Columbia. The rocks are characterized by high initial 187Os/188Os values, comparable to modern seawater values, alongside positive isotopic compositions of copper similar to those found in shales deposited during the Great Oxidation Event between 2.5 and 2.2 billion years ago. Additionally, we note high Th/U ratios and Chemical Index of Alteration values. Collectively, our data suggest a positive feedback initiated by continental fragmentation, with increased oxidative weathering on land, greater nutrient supply to the oceans, enhanced primary production of marine cyanobacteria, and ultimately, higher rates of oxygen production, perpetuating the feedback loop.
What defines a healthy gut microbiome?
Authors: Van Hul Matthias , Cani Patrice D , Petitfils Camille , De Vos Willem M , Tilg Herbert , El-Omar Emad M 
Published: September 2024

The understanding that changes in microbiome composition can influence chronic human diseases and the efficiency of therapies has driven efforts to develop microbiota-centred therapies such as first and next generation probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics, microbiota editing and faecal microbiota transplantation. Central to microbiome research is understanding how disease impacts microbiome composition and vice versa, yet there is a problematic issue with the term ‘dysbiosis’, which broadly links microbial imbalances to various chronic illnesses without precision or definition. Another significant issue in microbiome discussions is defining ‘healthy individuals’ to ascertain what characterises a healthy microbiome. This involves questioning who represents the healthiest segment of our population—whether it is those free from illnesses, athletes at peak performance, individuals living healthily through regular exercise and good nutrition or even elderly adults or centenarians who have been tested by time and achieved remarkable healthy longevity.
This review advocates for delineating ‘what defines a healthy microbiome?’ by considering a broader range of factors related to human health and environmental influences on the microbiota. A healthy microbiome is undoubtedly linked to gut health. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to pinpoint a universally accepted definition of ‘gut health’ due to the complexities of measuring gut functionality besides the microbiota composition. We must take into account individual variabilities, the influence of diet, lifestyle, host and environmental factors. Moreover, the challenge in distinguishing causation from correlation between gut microbiome and overall health is presented.
The review also highlights the resource-heavy nature of comprehensive gut health assessments, which hinders their practicality and broad application. Finally, we call for continued research and a nuanced approach to better understand the intricate and evolving concept of gut health, emphasising the need for more precise and inclusive definitions and methodologies in studying the microbiome.
Internal Consistency and Validity of a Short Spanish Version (10‐Items) of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children and Adolescents (CES‐DC)
Authors: Visier-Alfonso María Eugenia , Jiménez-López Estela , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Eva , Mesas Arthur Eumann , Núñez de Arenas-Arroyo Sergio , Díaz-Goñi Valentina , Álvarez-Bueno Celia , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The 20‐item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children and Adolescents (CES‐DC) is an instrument for screening of depression with good psychometric properties. This study aimed to examine the construct validity in terms of structural and convergent validity, the internal consistency, and the concurrent validity of a shorter 10‐item version of this scale.Methods: This was a cross‐sectional validation study including 671 schoolchildren aged 9–11, from Cuenca, Spain. Depression was assessed using the 20‐item CES‐DC scale. We selected the 10 items with the highest factorial loading for a shorter version. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, fitness, and quality of life variables were considered to analyse convergent and discriminant validity.Results: For the structural validity, confirmatory factor analyses revealed a three‐factor latent structure for the 20‐item CES‐DC and a single factor in the 10‐item version. Internal consistency measured by Cronbach’s α and ω statistic were 0.85 for 20‐item CES‐DC and 0.84 for 10‐item CES‐DC. Intraclass correlation coefficient between the two scales was 0.94. Convergent validity was tested through the correlation coefficients and regression models between both either CES‐DC versions with body mass index, waist circumference, fitness, and quality of life measures, which were similar. For the concurrent validity, concordance analysis and the ROC curve showed an equivalent cut‐off point for the 10‐item CES‐DC. The 20‐item CES‐DC classified a total of 33.1% of the sample as at risk of depression, while the 10‐item CES‐DC classified 30.4%.Conclusion: This study indicates that both the 20‐item and 10‐item versions of the CES‐DC have good internal consistency and structural validity in schoolchildren. Therefore, this short version can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for screening depression that is less time consuming and easy to use in clinical and scholarly contexts, potentially improving early detection and intervention for depression.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03236337.
Preclinical Evaluation of AZD6422, an Armored Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Targeting CLDN18.2 in Gastric, Pancreatic, and Esophageal Cancers
Authors: Barrett Allison M. , Britton Zachary T. , Carrasco Rosa A. , Breen Shannon , Broggi Maria A.S. , Hatke Amanda L. , Clark Benjamin , Yang Chunning , Phipps Sandrina , Ortiz Lorenzo , Janocha Brianna , Zanvit Peter , Giraldo Nicolas A. , Martin Philip L. , Lapointe Jean-Martin , Harder Nathalie , Cornish Georgina H. , Attili Bala N.N.R. , Mazor Yariv , Damschroder Melissa , Cobbold Mark , Moody Gordon , Bosco Emily E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a surface membrane protein that is crucial for maintaining tight junctions in gastric mucosal cells and is highly expressed in gastric, esophageal, and pancreatic cancers. Thus, CLDN18.2 is suited for exploration as a clinical target for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in these indications. Although CAR-T therapies show promise, a challenge faced in their development for solid tumors is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which is often characterized by the presence of immune and stromal cells secreting high levels of TGFβ. The addition of TGFβ armoring can potentially expand CAR-T activity in solid tumors. We report on the preclinical development of a CLDN18.2-targeting CAR-T therapy showing effectiveness in patient models with CLDN18.2-positive gastric, esophageal, and pancreatic tumors.

Experimental Design:
The lead lentivirus product contains a unique single-chain variable fragment; CD28 and CD3z costimulatory and signaling domains; and dominant-negative TGF-β receptor armoring, enhancing targeting and safety and counteracting suppression. We developed a shortened cell manufacturing process to enhance the potency of the final product AZD6422.

Results:
AZD6422 exhibited significant antitumor activity and tolerability in multiple patient-derived tumor xenograft models with various CLDN18.2 and TGF-β levels, as determined by IHC. The efficacy of armored CAR-T cells in tumor models with elevated TGFβ was increased in vitro and in vivo. In vitro restimulation assays established greater persistence and cytolytic function of AZD6422 compared with a traditionally manufactured CAR-T.

Conclusions:
AZD6422 was safe and efficacious in patient-derived, CLDN18.2-positive murine models of gastrointestinal cancers. Our data support further clinical development of AZD6422 for patients with these cancers.
Creation and the Revelation of God: Interwoven and Interactive Themes across John 1:1–2:12
Authors: Brown Sherri 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
John 1:19–51 provides a bridge from the prologue (1:1–18) into the body of the narrative and the inauguration of Jesus’s public ministry at a wedding feast (2:1–12). The primary theme underlying these opening days has long been debated. Further, do the days articulated by the regular temporal markers tally to six or seven? The evangelist presents the prologue in a chiasm that turns on the pivot of v. 12b. The opening and closing elements correspond to one another (creation imagery in vv. 1–5; revelation imagery in vv. 16–18), but the latter has been fundamentally affected by the pivot: the incarnation of the Word of God and the human response to it. Moreover, as a prologue, its structure and content profoundly affect what follows. Based upon these foundations, this essay argues that themes of both creation and revelation are interwoven and interactive across these early passages.
Mapping Secular Choirs in Sweden
Authors: Göransson Per , Braunerhielm Lotta , Nilsson Mats 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The role of religion in Western societies has gained renewed attention in recent years. While choirs have been studied to varying extents in the social sciences, the geography of choirs has received little attention, particularly in human geography. Using questionnaire responses from secular choir members, this exploratory study examines the possible differences and/or similarities of secular choir’s sacral and/or secular activity in urban and rural spaces in Sweden. The study reveals two primary findings. First, it reveals that secular choir members engage in a mixture of secular and sacred activities, suggesting that these activities can be considered postsecular. Second, the data challenges the geographical perception of rural environments as more sacred/traditional, as they have a high proportion of secular activities. Likewise, the results questions the geographical perception of urban environments as secular/modern, as they demonstrate an even distribution of sacred activities.
The “Leftist” Tendency of Upgrading Class Status during the Land Reform in the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region during the War of Liberation: A Case Study of Jia County in the Suide District
Authors: Zhang Yuxin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Following the National Land Conference of 1947, land reform that aimed at achieving “land to the tiller” commenced across the liberated areas. Classifying social classes was a prerequisite for carrying out this reform. However, in the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region, a widespread “leftist” tendency to upgrade class statuses occurred during the classification. This was not only due to deviations in policy implementation by grassroots cadres and the masses but also related to the complexities inherent in class classification itself. Additionally, it was a desperate measure on the part of the peasants of Northern Shaanxi, who, facing frequent natural disasters and general food shortages, actively sought to reclassify households with surplus grain in order to secure their own food resources.