bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le paradoxe de la transmission des qirāʾāt: entre riwāya et qiyās ?
Authors: Chahdi Hassan 
Published: October 2017

La transmission du texte coranique a de longue date suscitée l'intérêt des chercheurs. Elle est effectivement caractérisée par une sorte de dilemme entre l'oral et l'écrit. La position de l'orthodoxie musulmane consiste à affirmer que le texte coranique et ses variantes sont le résultat d'une révélation, transmise conformément à la lettre (lafẓ), par le biais de l'enseignement exclusif du prophète Muḥammad. L'examen de la tradition musulmane fait apparaître que cet enseignement tirerait son origine à la fois de la transmission écrite/manuscrite et d'une transmission orale fondée sur les différents dialectes des tribus arabes. Pour déterminer les qirāʾāt, les savants musulmans eux-mêmes ont eu recours au qiyās (‘analogie’) considéré comme proscrit. L'étude des différents modes de transmission chez Ibn Mujāhid, un des partisans les plus connus de la mise en place de conditions extrêmement « strictes » pour la transmission du Coran, montre que rien ne permet de justifier qu'une transmission intégrale du texte coranique a bien pris place à tous les niveaux de l'isnād. Ainsi, le concept de tradition suivie (sunna muttabaʿa) qui garantit une transmission authentique à travers les générations, est bien postérieur et recouvre probablement une réalité différente dans la transmission du Coran. [The transmission of the Qur'anic text has long attracted the interest of researchers. It is indeed characterised by a sort of tension between oral and written transmission. The position of Muslim orthodoxy is to assert that the Qur'anic text and its variants are the result of a revelation, transmitted according to the letter (lafẓ), through the exclusive teaching of the Prophet Muḥammad. Examination of the Muslim tradition shows that this teaching originated both from written / handwritten transmission and from oral transmission based on the different dialects of the Arab tribes. In order to determine the qirāʾāt, Muslim scholars themselves have resorted to qiyās (‘analogy’). The study of the different modes of transmission in the work of Ibn Mujāhid, one of the best-known supporters of the establishment of extremely ‘strict’ conditions for the transmission of the Qur'an, shows that there is no evidence for a complete transmission of the Qur'anic text that has taken place at all levels of the isnād. Thus, the concept of sunna muttabaʿa (‘followed tradition’), which guarantees genuine transmission through generations, is much later and probably covers a different reality in the transmission of the Qur'an.]
ALMA Reveals Sequential High-mass Star Formation in the G9.62+0.19 Complex
Authors: Liu Tie , Lacy John , Li Pak Shing , Wang Ke , Qin Sheng-Li , Zhang Qizhou , Kim Kee-Tae , Garay Guido , Wu Yuefang , Mardones Diego , Zhu Qingfeng , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Hirota Tomoya , Ren Zhiyuan , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Chen Huei-Ru , Su Yu-Nung , Li Di 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Stellar feedback from high-mass stars (e.g., H ii regions) can strongly influence the surrounding interstellar medium and regulate star formation. Our new ALMA observations reveal sequential high-mass star formation taking place within one subvirial filamentary clump (the G9.62 clump) in the G9.62+0.19 complex. The 12 dense cores (MM1–MM12) detected by ALMA are at very different evolutionary stages, from the starless core phase to the UC H ii region phase. Three dense cores (MM6, MM7/G, MM8/F) are associated with outflows. The mass–velocity diagrams of the outflows associated with MM7/G and MM8/F can be well-fit by broken power laws. The mass–velocity diagram of the SiO outflow associated with MM8/F breaks much earlier than other outflow tracers (e.g., CO, SO, CS, HCN), suggesting that SiO traces newly shocked gas, while the other molecular lines (e.g., CO, SO, CS, HCN) mainly trace the ambient gas continuously entrained by outflow jets. Five cores (MM1, MM3, MM5, MM9, MM10) are massive starless core candidates whose masses are estimated to be larger than 25 M
☉, assuming a dust temperature of ≤20 K. The shocks from the expanding H ii regions (“B” and “C”) to the west may have a great impact on the G9.62 clump by compressing it into a filament and inducing core collapse successively, leading to sequential star formation. Our findings suggest that stellar feedback from H ii regions may enhance the star formation efficiency and suppress low-mass star formation in adjacent pre-existing massive clumps.
Double-diffusive Erosion of the Core of Jupiter
Authors: Moll R. , Garaud P. , Mankovich C. , Fortney J. J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We present direct numerical simulations of the transport of heat and heavy elements across a double-diffusive interface or a double-diffusive staircase, in conditions that are close to those one might expect to find near the boundary between the heavy-element-rich core and the hydrogen–helium envelope of giant planets such as Jupiter. We find that the nondimensional ratio of the buoyancy flux associated with heavy-element transport to the buoyancy flux associated with heat transport lies roughly between 0.5 and 1, which is much larger than previous estimates derived by analogy with geophysical double-diffusive convection. Using these results in combination with a core erosion model proposed by Guillot et al., we find that the entire core of Jupiter would be eroded within less than 1 Myr, assuming that the core–envelope boundary is composed of a single interface. We also propose an alternative model that is more appropriate in the presence of a well-established double-diffusive staircase, and find that in this limit a large fraction of the core could be preserved. These findings are interesting in the context of Juno’s recent results, but call for further modeling efforts to better understand the process of core erosion from first principles.
Orbital Dynamics of Candidate Transitional Millisecond Pulsar 3FGL J1544.6-1125: An Unusually Face-on System
Authors: Britt C. T. , Strader J. , Chomiuk L. , Tremou E. , Peacock M. , Halpern J. , Salinas R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We present the orbital solution for the donor star of the candidate transitional millisecond pulsar (tMSP) 3FGL J1544.6-1125, currently observed as an accreting low-mass X-ray binary. The orbital period is

days, entirely consistent with the spectral classification of the donor star as a mid-to-late K dwarf. The semi-amplitude of the radial velocity curve is exceptionally low at

km s−1, implying a remarkably face-on inclination in the range 5°–8°, depending on the neutron star and donor masses. After determining the veiling of the secondary, we derive a distance to the binary of 3.8 ± 0.7 kpc, yielding a 0.3–10 keV X-ray luminosity of

, similar to confirmed tMSPs. As face-on binaries rarely occur by chance, we discuss the possibility that Fermi-selected samples of transitional millisecond pulsars in the sub-luminous disk state are affected by beaming. By phasing emission line strength on the spectroscopic ephemeris, we find coherent variations, and argue that these variations are most consistent with emission from an asymmetric shock originating near the inner disk.
The Baryonic Collapse Efficiency of Galaxy Groups in the RESOLVE and ECO Surveys
Authors: Eckert Kathleen D. , Kannappan Sheila J. , Lagos Claudia del P. , Baker Ashley D. , Berlind Andreas A. , Stark David V. , Moffett Amanda J. , Nasipak Zachary , Norris Mark A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We examine the z = 0 group-integrated stellar and cold baryonic (stars + cold atomic gas) mass functions (group SMF and CBMF) and the baryonic collapse efficiency (group cold baryonic to dark matter halo mass ratio) using the RESOLVE and ECO survey galaxy group catalogs and a galform semi-analytic model (SAM) mock catalog. The group SMF and CBMF fall off more steeply at high masses and rise with a shallower low-mass slope than the theoretical halo mass function (HMF). The transition occurs at the group-integrated cold baryonic mass

1011

. The SAM, however, has significantly fewer groups at the transition mass ∼1011

and a steeper low-mass slope than the data, suggesting that feedback is too weak in low-mass halos and conversely too strong near the transition mass. Using literature prescriptions to include hot halo gas and potential unobservable galaxy gas produces a group BMF with a slope similar to the HMF even below the transition mass. Its normalization is lower by a factor of ∼2, in agreement with estimates of warm-hot gas making up the remaining difference. We compute baryonic collapse efficiency with the halo mass calculated two ways, via halo abundance matching (HAM) and via dynamics (extended all the way to three-galaxy groups using stacking). Using HAM, we find that baryonic collapse efficiencies reach a flat maximum for groups across the halo mass range of

, which we label “nascent groups.” Using dynamics, however, we find greater scatter in baryonic collapse efficiencies, likely indicating variation in group hot-to-cold baryon ratios. Similarly, we see higher scatter in baryonic collapse efficiencies in the SAM when using its true groups and their group halo masses as opposed to friends-of-friends groups and HAM masses.
The Dipole Magnetic Field and Spin-down Evolutions of the High Braking Index Pulsar PSR J1640–4631
Authors: Gao Zhi-Fu , Wang Na , Shan Hao , Li Xiang-Dong , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this work, we interpreted the high braking index of PSR J1640−4631 with a combination of the magneto-dipole radiation and dipole magnetic field decay models. By introducing a mean rotation energy conversion coefficient

, the ratio of the total high-energy photon energy to the total rotation energy loss in the whole life of the pulsar, and combining the pulsar’s high-energy and timing observations with a reliable nuclear equation of state, we estimate the pulsar’s initial spin period,

ms, corresponding to the moment of inertia

g cm2. Assuming that PSR J1640−4631 has experienced a long-term exponential decay of the dipole magnetic field, we calculate the true age

, the effective magnetic field decay timescale

, and the initial surface dipole magnetic field at the pole

of the pulsar to be 2900−3100 yr,

yr, and

G, respectively. The measured braking index of

for PSR J1640−4631 is attributed to its long-term dipole magnetic field decay and a low magnetic field decay rate,

G yr−1. Our model can be applied to both the high braking index (

) and low braking index (

) pulsars, tested by the future polarization, timing, and high-energy observations of PSR J1640−4631.
Solution approach for a large scale personnel transport system for a large company in Latin America
Authors: Garzón-Garnica Eduardo-Arturo , Caballero-Morales Santiago-Omar , Martínez-Flores José-Luis 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: The present paper focuses on the modelling and solution of a large-scale personnel transportation system in Mexico where many routes and vehicles are currently used to service 525 points. The routing system proposed can be applied to many cities in the Latin-American region.Design/methodology/approach: This system was modelled as a VRP model considering the use of real-world transit times, and the fact that routes start at the farthest point from the destination center. Experiments were performed on different sized sets of service points. As the size of the instances was increased, the performance of the heuristic method was assessed in comparison with the results of an exact algorithm, the results remaining very close between both. When the size of the instance was full-scale and the exact algorithm took too much time to solve the problem, then the heuristic algorithm provided a feasible solution. Supported by the validation with smaller scale instances, where the difference between both solutions was close to a 6%, the full –scale solution obtained with the heuristic algorithm was considered to be within that same range.Findings: The proposed modelling and solving method provided a solution that would produce significant savings in the daily operation of the routes.Originality/value: The urban distribution of the cities in Latin America is unique to other regions in the world. The general layout of the large cities in this region includes a small town center, usually antique, and a somewhat disordered outer region. The lack of a vehicle-centered urban planning poses distinct challenges for vehicle routing problems in the region. The use of a heuristic VRP combined with the results of an exact VRP, allowed the obtention of an improved routing plan specific to the requirements of the region.
Performance in grade 12 mathematics and science predicts student nurses’ performance in first year science modules at a university in the Western Cape
Authors: Mthimunye Katlego D.T. , Daniels Felicity M. 
Published: October 2017

Background: The demand for highly qualified and skilled nurses is increasing in South Africa as well as around the world. Having a background in science can create a significant advantage for students wishing to enrol for an undergraduate nursing qualification because nursing as profession is grounded in scientific evidence.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive validity of grade 12 mathematics and science on the academic performance of first year student nurses in science modules.Method: A quantitative research method using a cross-sectional predictive design was employed in this study. The participants included first year Bachelor of Nursing students enrolled at a university in the Western Cape, South Africa. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed to analyse the data by using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences versions 24. Descriptive analysis of all variables was performed as well as the Spearman’s rank correlation test to describe the relationship among the study variables. Standard multiple linear regressions analysis was performed to determine the predictive validity of grade 12 mathematics and science on the academic performance of first year student nurses in science modules.Results: The results of this study showed that grade 12 physical science is not a significant predictor (p > 0.062) of performance in first year science modules. The multiple linear regression revealed that grade 12 mathematics and life science grades explained 37.1% to 38.1% (R2 = 0.381 and adj R2 = 0.371) of the variation in the first year science grade distributions.Conclusion: Based on the results of the study it is evident that performance in grade 12 mathematics (β = 2.997) and life science (β = 3.175) subjects is a significant predictor (p < 0.001) of the performance in first year science modules for student nurses at the university identified for this study.
Effets de la podo-réflexologie sur les troubles du sommeil
Authors: Gérard Mélanie 
Published: October 2017

Introduction : Quelles que soient les manifestations et les causes des troubles du sommeil, nous constatons une augmentation sensible du stress chez les sujets concernés. Ce stress chronique engendre souvent de multiples symptômes ayant un impact négatif sur la qualité de vie. Dans cette étude, nous observons les effets de la podo-réflexologie sur l’ensemble de ces troubles. Méthode : Six femmes, âgées de 25 à 57 ans, souffrant de troubles du sommeil non pris en charge par traitements allopathiques, ont reçu des soins réguliers de podo-réfléxologie sur plusieurs mois. Un protocole spécifique commun a été appliqué à tous les sujets, et chaque séance a fait l’objet d’une anamnèse précise et d’une observation de l’évolution des troubles, des symptômes et de l’état des zones réflexes. Résultats : Nous avons pu constater une amélioration du sommeil à la suite des soins réflexologiques. Cet effet est observé dès la première séance, avec une longévité variable selon les sujets, allant d’une à sept nuits consécutives sans trouble. Après deux à six séances régulières, l’ensemble des sujets avait retrouvé un sommeil normal et de qualité, quels que soient leur profil et les symptômes associés. Conclusion : A court terme, les séances de podo-réflexologie ont un effet relaxant et apaisant. Appliqué régulièrement, ce protocole permettrait, à moyen et long termes, une amélioration du sommeil par un rééquilibrage du système neuro-endocrien via le travail des zones réflexes associées.
State of the Journal, 2017
Authors: Richards Lorie Gage 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) has had another successful year, with increases in its journal impact factor and its ranking among rehabilitation journals indexed by Journal Citation Reports. The number of submissions has increased, with manuscripts received from 28 countries. Readership has also increased. AJOT remains the top-ranked occupational therapy journal in the world. In addition to its usual focus on publishing research broadly related to occupational therapy, AJOT created a Centennial section in each issue to celebrate the Centennial of the American Occupational Therapy Association. Centennial section topics were determined on the basis of their relevance to occupational therapy history and to future or emerging or increasing practice areas in occupational therapy. In her presidential address at the American Occupational Therapy Association’s 2017 Annual Conference & Centennial Celebration, Amy Lamb honored occupational therapy’s past and embraced its future. Occupational therapy practitioners have the power to serve as change agents, demonstrating their value during everyday opportunities as they design the future of occupational therapy.
Land-use changes influence soil bacterial communities in a meadow grassland in Northeast China
Authors: Cao Chengyou , Zhang Ying , Qian Wei , Liang Caiping , Wang Congmin , Tao Shuang 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The conversion of natural grassland into agricultural fields is an intensive anthropogenic perturbation commonly occurring in semiarid regions, and this perturbation strongly affects soil microbiota. In this study, the influences of land-use conversion on the soil properties and bacterial communities in the Horqin Grasslands in Northeast China were assessed. This study aimed to investigate (1) how the abundances of soil bacteria changed across land-use types, (2) how the structure of the soil bacterial community was altered in each land-use type, and (3) how these variations were correlated with soil physical and chemical properties. Variations in the diversities and compositions of bacterial communities and the relative abundances of dominant taxa were detected in four distinct land-use systems, namely, natural meadow grassland, paddy field, upland field, and poplar plantation, through the high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing technique. The results indicated that land-use changes primarily affected the soil physical and chemical properties and bacterial community structure. Soil properties, namely, organic matter, pH, total N, total P, available N and P, and microbial biomass C, N, and P, influenced the bacterial community structure. The dominant phyla and genera were almost the same among the land-use types, but their relative abundances were significantly different. The effects of land-use changes on the structure of soil bacterial communities were more quantitative than qualitative.
PREDICTING POLYMER DEGRADATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTY CHANGES FOR COMBINED RADIATION-THERMAL AGING ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Gillen Kenneth T. , Celina Mathew 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTA new approach is presented for conducting and extrapolating combined environment (radiation plus thermal) accelerated aging experiments. The method involves a novel way of applying the time-temperature-dose rate (t-T-R) approach derived many years ago, which assumes that by simultaneously accelerating the thermal-initiation rate (from Arrhenius T-only analysis) and the radiation dose rate R by the same factor x, the overall degradation rate will increase by the factor x. The dose rate assumption implies that equal dose yields equal damage, which is equivalent to assuming the absence of dose-rate effects (DRE). A plot of inverse absolute temperature versus the log of the dose rate is used to indicate experimental conditions consistent with the model assumptions, which can be derived along lines encompassing so-called matched accelerated conditions (MAC lines). Aging trends taken along MAC lines for several elastomers confirms the underlying model assumption and therefore indicates, contrary to many past published results, that DRE are typically not present. In addition, the MAC approach easily accommodates the observation that substantial degradation chemistry changes occur as aging conditions transition R-T space from radiation domination (high R, low T) to temperature domination (low R, high T). The MAC-line approach also suggests an avenue for gaining more confidence in extrapolations of accelerated MAC-line data to ambient aging conditions by using ultrasensitive oxygen consumption (UOC) measurements taken along the MAC line both under the accelerated conditions and at ambient. From UOC data generated under combined R-T conditions, this approach is tested and quantitatively confirmed for one of the materials. In analogy to the wear-out approach developed previously for thermo-oxidative aging, the MAC-line concept can also be used to predict the remaining lifetimes of samples extracted periodically from ambient environments.
Internal Mammary Artery Perforator Flap for Immediate Volume Replacement Following Wide Local Excision of Breast Cancer
Authors: van Huizum Martine A. , Hage J. Joris , Oldenburg Hester A. , Hoornweg Marije J. 
Published: October 2017

Background Breast-conserving therapy is defined as a breast-conserving wide local excision (WLE) of a mammary tumour combined with postoperative radiotherapy. Immediate restoration of the mammary shape by use of breast reduction techniques (volume displacement) or tissue replacement techniques (volume replacement) is gaining popularity to prevent breast malformation.
Methods To date, using the internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) flap has been suggested for immediate volume replacement after WLE, but has never been evaluated in a published study.
Results We applied this flap in 12 women (mean age, 56.1 years) after WLE (mean specimen weight, 46.5 g) of the medial aspect of the breast. Over a median follow-up of 35.3 months (standard deviation, 1.2 months), 4 women needed repeated surgery for dog-ear correction of the donor site.
Conclusions In our experience, the use of an IMAP flap was a reliable technique with good cosmetic outcomes after oncoplastic reconstruction. In this series, donor site revision often proved necessary initially, but we showed that this may easily be prevented.