bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Docking Site Local Hematoma Formation and Blood Flow on its Healing Using the Accordion Technique at the End of Tibial Bone Transport
Authors: Wang Dong , Liu Shao‐Huang , He Guo‐Yu , Zhang Ze , Li Juan , Zhang Ru‐Qi , Shi Jun‐Jun , Jia Ying‐Wei , Qiao Hu‐Yun , Liu Hong , Wang Bao‐Na , Qin Si‐He , Zhang Yong‐Hong 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveAt present, due to the lack of early observation methods, the effect of the ‘accordion’ technique on the treatment of nonunion of the docking site varies greatly. In this study, color Doppler ultrasound was used to observe the docking site's local changes and investigate the relationship between local microenvironment changes and bone healing after the accordion technique.Methods30 patients with tibial bone transport treated at the Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, from May 2018 to June 2022, were analyzed retrospectively. Paired‐sample t‐tests were used for data that conformed to a normal distribution, and paired rank‐sum tests were used for before‐and‐after comparisons that did not conform to a normal distribution. There were 26 males and 4 females, aged 47.3 ± 11.7 years. Before bone transport, the defect gap between tibial bone ends was 6.80 ± 3.61 cm. The steps of the accordion technique were as follows: compression for 7 days, ultrasonic study of the microenvironment at the docking site, distraction for 12 days, latency for 7 days, compression for 14 days, then static fixation and radiological study until complete bone healing. Ultrasound was used to detect the size of the hematoma after 7 days of pressure, and the changes in blood flow before and after the ‘accordion' operation.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 11.9 ± 1.9 months. At the last follow‐up, 22 patients achieved bone healing at the docking site after the treatment of the ‘accordion’ technique. There was a linear negative correlation between the size of the hematoma and the time of bone healing at the docking site (r = −0.639, p < 0.01). According to the Paley healing criteria, 18 of the 22 patients were excellent, and 4 patients were good.ConclusionHematoma is necessary for the ‘accordion’ technique's success in the treatment of nonunion. The size of the hematoma is negatively related to the time of bone healing. The ‘accordion’ technique can increase the blood flow of tissue around the docking site. Ultrasound can be used to monitor the changes in the microenvironment at the docking site during the ‘accordion’ technique and guide the exact plan and prognosis of the ‘accordion’ technique.
Root Cortical Senescence Enhances Drought Tolerance in Cotton
Authors: Guo Congcong , Zhang Ke , Sun Hongchun , Zhu Lingxiao , Zhang Yongjiang , Wang Guiyan , Li Anchang , Bai Zhiying , Liu Liantao , Li Cundong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe root cortical senescence (RCS) is closely associated with root absorptive function. However, characteristics and responses of RCS to drought stress in cotton have received little attention. This study subjected the drought‐tolerant variety ‘Guoxin 02’ and the drought‐sensitive variety ‘Ji 228’ to drought stress (8% PEG6000) and no‐stress (0% PEG6000) treatments to determine the characteristics and responses of cotton RCS to drought stress. The results showed that the greater the distance from the root tip, the more severe the RCS occurrence under drought stress compared with non‐stress treatment. The occurrence of RCS in ‘Guoxin 02’ increased by 14.03%−20.18% compared to ‘Ji 228’ under drought stress. The RCS was negatively correlated with root respiration but positively correlated with root length and leaf water potential. The silencing of RCS‐related genes (GhSAG12 and GhbHLH121) can mitigate the drought‐induced RCS phenomenon in cotton; however, reduced drought tolerance. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment can promote RCS generation. Conversely, ABA synthesis exhibits contrasting effects. In summary, endogenous hormones regulated RCS, which reduced the root metabolic and seemingly achieved more resource redistribution to new roots, thereby fully utilize deep water resources. Thus, the study demonstrates the potential of RCS in improving the drought stress tolerance of cotton.
Single‐Cell RNA‐Sequencing of Soybean Reveals Transcriptional Changes and Antiviral Functions of GmGSTU23 and GmGSTU24 in Response to Soybean Mosaic Virus
Authors: Song Shuang , Wang Jing , Zhou Jiaying , Cheng Xiaofei , Hu Yuxi , Wang Jinhui , Zou Jianan , Zhao Ying , Liu Chunyan , Hu Zhenbang , Chen Qingshan , Xin Dawei 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSoybean mosaic virus (SMV) stands as a prominent and widespread threat to soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), the foremost legume crop globally. Attaining a thorough comprehension of the alterations in the transcriptional network of soybeans in response to SMV infection is imperative for a profound insight into the mechanisms of viral pathogenicity and host resistance. In this investigation, we isolated 50 294 protoplasts from the newly developed leaves of soybean plants subjected to both SMV infection and mock inoculation. Subsequently, we utilized single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to construct the transcriptional landscape at a single‐cell resolution. Nineteen distinct cell clusters were identified based on the transcriptomic profiles of scRNA‐seq. The annotation of three cell types—epidermal cells, mesophyll cells, and vascular cells—was established based on the expression of orthologs to reported marker genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. The differentially expressed genes between the SMV‐ and mock‐inoculated samples were analyzed for different cell types. Our investigation delved deeper into the tau class of glutathione S‐transferases (GSTUs), known for their significant contributions to plant responses against abiotic and biotic stress. A total of 57 GSTU genes were identified by a thorough genome‐wide investigation in the soybean genome G. max Wm82.a4.v1. Two specific candidates, GmGSTU23 and GmGSTU24, exhibited distinct upregulation in all three cell types in response to SMV infection, prompting their selection for further research. The transient overexpression of GmGSTU23 or GmGSTU24 in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the inhibition of SMV infection, indicating the antiviral function of soybean GSTU proteins.
On the compatibility of established methods with emerging artificial intelligence and machine learning methods for disaster risk analysis
Authors: Thekdi Shital , Tatar Unal , Santos Joost , Chatterjee Samrat 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is growing interest in leveraging advanced analytics, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), for disaster risk analysis (RA) applications. These emerging methods offer unprecedented abilities to assess risk in settings where threats can emerge and transform quickly by relying on “learning” through datasets. There is a need to understand these emerging methods in comparison to the more established set of risk assessment methods commonly used in practice. These existing methods are generally accepted by the risk community and are grounded in use across various risk application areas. The next frontier in RA with emerging methods is to develop insights for evaluating the compatibility of those risk methods with more recent advancements in AI/ML, particularly with consideration of usefulness, trust, explainability, and other factors. This article leverages inputs from RA and AI experts to investigate the compatibility of various risk assessment methods, including both established methods and an example of a commonly used AI‐based method for disaster RA applications. This article utilizes empirical evidence from expert perspectives to support key insights on those methods and the compatibility of those methods. This article will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in risk‐analytics disciplines who leverage AI/ML methods.
Urethral caruncles
Authors: Harvey Naomi , Bottrell Kathryn , White Esme , Birnie Angela , Tipples Melanie 
Published: September 2024

Key content:
Urethral caruncle is a common post‐menopausal finding.
This common benign lesion can be mistaken as a malignancy.
Management should be based on the patient's symptoms.
Vaginal estrogen should be considered as first‐line management before surgical excision.
Learning objectives:
To evaluate the symptomatic presentation of urethral caruncle.
To establish the differential diagnosis of a mass in the urethra.
To review the management options of urethral caruncle including medical and surgical excision.
To highlight primary care management of urethral caruncle.
Ethical issues:
Owing to poor recognition of urethral caruncle, many patients are put through the emotional distress of referral to cancer pathways.
Surgery should be considered first line for large urethral caruncle or in symptomatic patients.
On Liquid-Phase Transport Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Laden Drops
Authors: Seaba Sarah M. , Chen Lea-Der , Seaba James P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus-laden drops from exhalation and sneezing have complex physicochemical and physiological properties. The virion typically ranges from 60–140 nm in diameter. The virus-carrying fluid is not pure water. A viral droplet comprises water (about 95%), proteins, mucins (glycoproteins), salts, and surfactants (DPPC, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine). The virus-carrying fluid can impact SARS-CoV-2 infectibility. A flow regime analysis of droplet evaporation shows the gas-phase transport will enter transitional or non-continuum flow regimes. A field volume/phase averaging of two immiscible fluids inside the drops is proposed. Based on a simplified 1-D model, the virus’s diffusion time scale is two to four orders of magnitude longer than the liquid water’s self-diffusion time scale for low virus loadings. With only water evaporating from the drops, the virus number density, species concentrations, and pH value change significantly. When the droplet reaches 96% of its lifetime, the molar concentration will increase to 125 times its initial value. An initial pH value of 6.45 will decrease to 4.35 — a more acidic condition favoring the virus infectivity. For future studies, we recommend that droplet lifetime analysis consider the coupled gas-phase transport (including the continuum effects) with the liquid-phase transport (including non-Fickian diffusion in micro/nanoscale).
Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Flow Boiling in Manifold Microchannel
Authors: Xu Jinjin , Zhang Jingzhi , Xin Gongming , Li Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, there is a growing emphasis on the miniaturization and integration of electronic equipment in the field of advanced engineering. The increasing power of electronic devices and the trend towards miniaturization have resulted in higher levels of heat generation. Manifold Microchannels (MMC) heat sinks have emerged as effective solutions for managing the thermal challenges posed by high heat flux electronic devices. In comparison to traditional rectangular microchannels, the staggered fins in MMC induce stronger flow field disturbances, leading to a thinner thermal boundary layer and higher heat transfer coefficients. This study numerically investigates the thermal characteristics and pressure loss of flow boiling in staggered finned microchannels. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is utilized to capture the two-phase interfaces. All simulation cases are conducted under laminar flow conditions, with consideration given to solid-fluid thermal coupling. Specifically, the two-phase flow with HFE-7100 is analyzed. The inlet boundary is set at a constant velocity of 0.35 m/s, 0.565 m/s, and 0.78 m/s, while the heat flux on the bottom surface ranges from 300 W/cm2 to 450 W/cm2 at 319.15 K. The findings indicate that the heat transfer characteristics of staggered fins manifold microchannels outperform those of traditional rectangular manifold microchannels, except in the case of two-phase boiling flow at high heat flux and low flow rates.
Comparing the Effects of Aqua- and Land-Based Active Cooldown Exercises on Muscle Soreness and Sport Performance: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Chin Edwin Chun-Yip , Chung-Nam Lai Steve , Tsang Sau-Fung , Ho-Ngai Chung Sam , Wong Yik-Long , Sran Navjot , Fung Kwok-Keung , Sun Fenghua 
Published: September 2024

Objective: Limited research has directly compared the effectiveness of aqua- and land-based exercises for postexercise recovery. This study aimed to fill this gap by comparing the effects of these 2 types of exercises on postexercise recovery. Methods: Sixteen male college athletes participated in an 8-day experimental study. The initial 2 days were dedicated to determining the intensity levels for the muscle-damaging exercise and recovery jogging. In a crossover design, participants underwent 2 sets of experimental trials. They were randomly assigned to either an aqua or land recovery intervention for days 3 to 5, and after a 1-week washout period they switched to the opposite intervention for days 6 to 8. Muscle soreness, creatine kinase, anaerobic performance, countermovement-jump height, and flexibility were assessed at different time points: baseline, immediately after downhill running, within 1 hour after jogging, and 24 hours and 48 hours after aqua or land jogging. Results: Significant group × time interaction effects were detected in the perceived soreness of the hamstring and quadriceps. However, the post hoc analysis showed no significant difference between aqua and land jogging groups. No significant group × time interaction effect was observed in creatine kinase, anaerobic performance, countermovement-jump height, or flexibility. Conclusion: Aqua and land jogging have similar recovery effects on muscle soreness and performance-based parameters.
Sport Participation Trajectories and Loneliness: Evidence From the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Authors: Owen Katherine B. , Manera Karine E. , Clare Philip J. , Lim Michelle H. , Smith Ben J. , Phongsavan Philayrath , Lubans David R. , Qualter Pamela , Eime Rochelle , Ding Ding 
Published: September 2024

Background: This study aimed to identify patterns of overall, team, and individual sport participation and examine the prospective associations between these patterns and loneliness in young people. Methods: We analyzed data from 4241 young people, from waves 3 (8–9 y) to 9 (20–21 y) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. We conducted latent class analyses to identify overall and team versus individual sport participation trajectories and used adjusted log-Poisson regression models to examine the associations between these trajectories and loneliness at wave 9. Results: Latent class analyses identified 4 distinct overall sport participation classes which were labeled: nonparticipants (24%), dropouts (42%), initiators (7%), and consistent participants (27%). Compared with nonparticipants, consistent participants had a lower risk of loneliness (risk ratios = 0.69; 95% CIs, 0.59–0.81). Latent class analyses also identified 4 distinct team versus individual sport participation classes: team and individual sport nonparticipants (38%), individual sport participants (14%), moderate team sport participants (14%), and high team sport participants (34%). Compared with the team and individual sport nonparticipants, the high team sports participants had a lower risk of loneliness (risk ratios = 0.70; 95% CIs, 0.53–0.92). Conclusions: Young people who continued participating in sport in general, and particularly in team sport, had a reduced risk of loneliness. Continued participation in sports should be promoted to improve a range of physical, mental, and social health benefits. Furthermore, team-based sport can provide additional health and well-being benefits, including reduced loneliness due to the group nature of participation.
Media Analysis of Lia Thomas Surrounding 2022 National Collegiate Athletic Association Championship Win
Authors: Hamdan Jessica L. , Love Adam 
Published: September 2024

In March 2022, swimmer Lia Thomas became the first transgender athlete to win a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I individual title. The current study analyzed popular online media coverage of Thomas during the month of the NCAA championships. Conservative-oriented media set the agenda by publishing a disproportionate number of articles about Thomas, frequently framing her performance as (a) illegitimate and (b) enabled by activists who “silence” their opponents. All media outlets often framed Thomas’ performance as (a) unprecedented, (b) a question of fairness as it relates to (1) science and policy and (2) concern for women’s rights, and (c) complex, while nonconservative media more frequently framed her performance as (a) a matter of LGBTQI+ rights and (b) an inspiration.
Beyond publishing primary research papers
Authors: Prasad Vinayaka R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Microbiologists, like scientists in any other biomedical field, are too engrossed in writing research papers. Aided by both expanding research programs and shrinking resources, this will continue for the foreseeable time. In this editorial, I discuss a compelling need for all microbiologists to dedicate some time to writing non-research publications such as minireviews, perspectives, commentary, opinion/hypothesis, and other non-research article types. I also list the benefits to the field, of review articles and how they can have the potential to change the field. I have provided a handful of classic examples of reviews that clearly changed the field in a remarkable way as well as a number of reviews that clarified the field and facilitated future research.
Modular, inducible, and titratable expression systems for
Escherichia coli
and
Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Bacon Emily E. , Tran Jennifer S. , Nadig Nischala , Peters Jason M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Gene expression systems that transcend species barriers are needed for cross-species analysis of gene function. In particular, expression systems that can be utilized in both model and pathogenic bacteria underpin comparative functional approaches that inform conserved and variable features of bacterial physiology. In this study, we develop replicative and integrative vectors alongside a novel, IPTG-inducible promoter that can be used in the model bacterium
Escherichia coli
K-12 as well as strains of the antibiotic-resistant pathogen,
Acinetobacter baumannii
. We generate modular vectors that transfer by conjugation at high efficiency and either replicate or integrate into the genome, depending on design. Embedded in these vectors, we also developed a synthetic, IPTG-inducible promoter, P

abstBR

, that induces to a high level but is less leaky than the commonly used
trc
promoter. We show that P

abstBR

is titratable at both the population and single-cell levels, regardless of species, highlighting the utility of our expression systems for cross-species functional studies. Finally, as a proof of principle, we use our integrating vector to develop a reporter for the
E. coli
envelope stress σ factor, RpoE, and deploy the reporter in
E. coli
and
A. baumannii
, finding that
A. baumannii
does not recognize RpoE-dependent promoters unless RpoE is heterologously expressed. We envision that these vector and promoter tools will be valuable for the community of researchers who study the fundamental biology of
E. coli
and
A. baumannii
.

IMPORTANCE

Acinetobacter baumannii
is a multidrug-resistant, hospital-acquired pathogen with the ability to cause severe infections. Understanding the unique biology of this non-model bacterium may lead to the discovery of new weaknesses that can be targeted to treat antibiotic-resistant infections. In this study, we provide expression tools that can be used to study the gene function in
A. baumannii
, including in drug-resistant clinical isolates. These tools are also compatible with the model bacterium,
Escherichia coli
, enabling cross-species comparisons of gene function. We anticipate that the use of these tools by the scientific community will accelerate our understanding of
Acinetobacter
biology.
Three-dimensional anatomy of a Cretaceous river avulsion
Authors: Speed Cole M. , Sylvester Zoltán , Durkin Paul R. , Flaig Peter P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
River avulsions are fundamental mechanisms underlying the construction of fluvial stratigraphy. Although avulsions occur in three dimensions (3-D), interpretations of avulsion deposits in the terrestrial stratigraphic record remain largely based on two-dimensional (2-D) lithologic stacking patterns with little spatial context of the avulsion node location. Moreover, though the genesis of intersecting fluvial ridges observed on Mars is commonly attributed to avulsion, little is known about the history or stratigraphic architecture of these intersections nor the duration of the martian fluvial activity they represent. Here, we analyze a fluvial ridge intersection in the Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of eastern Utah, USA, that we interpret to reflect the evolution of a river channel avulsion node exposed in 3-D. Through integration of digital outcrop models and field characterization, we document recognition criteria for avulsion nodes and reconstruct pre-, intra-, and post-avulsion channel evolution at the node, identifying evidence of channel-bed aggradation and pre-avulsion superelevation. Using a new 3-D stratigraphic modeling approach, we simulate the avulsion and analyze the resultant synthetic stratigraphy in parallel with outcrop exposures to link avulsion processes to stratigraphic products. Our results promote recognition and process-based interpretation of ancient river avulsion deposits observed in cross section and plan view on Earth and Mars and constrain the period of fluvial activity represented by the intersection to the order of centuries rather than more significant geologic time, as has been hypothesized previously.