bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification for genetic differentiation of scots pine seedlings using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Juodkienė Vytautė , Danusevičius Darius , Mozgeris Gintautas 
Published: July 2017

Genetic diversity is an important component of biological diversity and therefore there are attempts to search for effective solutions that increase the effectiveness of genetic diversity assessment methods. The article represents the study that aims for genetic differentiation of Scots pine seedlings based on data, obtained using the hyperspectral imaging in the laboratory. Hyperspectral imaging is the technology that combines image and spectroscopy. Seedlings of 4 distant Scots pine populations from Lithuania (LT), Russia (RU), Spain (SP) and Finland (FIN) were selected for testing. One year old seedlings grown in containers under laboratory conditions were scanned with a hyperspectral camera with an integrated sensitive spectroscope that splits the electromagnetic radiation into 955 spectrum bands in the range of 400 to 1000 nm. The seedlings of different populations had a different reflectance intensity of the near-infrared radiation (750–955 nm). Meanwhile, in the visible spectrum area (400–700 nm) their spectral properties were similar. The Analysis of the Principal Components (PCA) showed that for the differentiating of seedling populations five spectrum bands might be used, which accumulated significant information in the range of 700–720 nm. It was found that the genetic origin classes of the Scots pine can be distinguished reliably (in 85.2% of cases) using the Discriminant Analysis of the seedling’s spectral data. The most geographically distant Spanish and Finnish populations are the most mutually separated populations. The results demonstrate the potential of defining tree genetic properties/origin remotely by using hyperspectral scanners installed in aircrafts.
The power features of Masseter muscle activity in tension-type and migraine without aura headache during open-close clench cycles
Authors: Alizadeh Savareh Behrouz , Ghanjal Ali , Bashiri Azadeh , Motaqhey Monireh , Hatef Boshra 
Published: July 2017

Introduction
Different types of headaches and TMJ click influence the masseter muscle activity. The aim of this study was to assess the trend of energy level of the electromyography (EMG) activity of the masseter muscle during open-close clench cycles in migraine without aura (MOA) and tension-type headache (TTH) with or without TMJ click.

Methods
Twenty-five women with MOA and twenty four women with TTH participated in the study. They matched with 25 healthy subjects, in terms of class of occlusion and prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with click. The EMG of both masseter muscles were recorded during open-close clench cycles at a rate of 80 cycles per minute for 15 seconds. The mouth opening was restricted to two centimeters by mandibular motion frame. Signal processing steps have been done on the EMG as: noise removing, smoothing, feature extraction, and statistical analyzing. The six statistical parameters of energy computed were mean, Variance, Skewness, Kurtosis, and first and second half energy over all signal energy.

Results
A three-way ANOVA indicated that during all the cycles, the mean of energy was more and there was a delay in showing the peak of energy in the masseter of the left side with clicked TMJ in MOA group compared to the two other groups, while this pattern occurred inversely in the side with no-clicked TMJ (P < 0.009). The variation of energy was significantly less in MOA group compared to the two other groups in the no-clicked TMJ (P < 0.003). However, the proportion of the first or second part of signal energy to all energy showed that TTH group had less energy in the first part and more energy in the second part in comparison to the two other groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The study showed different changes in the energy distribution of masseter muscle activity during cycles in MOA and TTH. MOA, in contrast to TTH, had lateralization effect on EMG and interacted with TMJ click.
Theoretical derivation of flow laws for quartz dislocation creep: Comparisons with experimental creep data and extrapolation to natural conditions using water fugacity corrections
Authors: Fukuda Jun‐ichi , Shimizu Ichiko 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe theoretically derived flow laws for quartz dislocation creep using climb‐controlled dislocation creep models and compared them with available laboratory data for quartz plastic deformation. We assumed volume diffusion of oxygen‐bearing species along different crystallographic axes (//c, ⊥R, and ⊥c) of α‐quartz and β‐quartz, and pipe diffusion of H2O, to be the elementary processes of dislocation climb. The relationships between differential stress (σ) and strain rate (
) are written as
and
for cases controlled by volume and pipe diffusion, respectively, where Dv and Dp are coefficients of diffusion for volume and pipe diffusion. In previous experimental work, there were up to ~1.5 orders of magnitude difference in the water fugacity values in experiments that used either gas‐pressure‐medium or solid‐pressure‐medium deformation apparatus. Therefore, in both the theories and flow laws, we included water fugacity effects as modified preexponential factors and water fugacity terms. Previous experimental data were obtained mainly in the β‐quartz field and are highly consistent with the volume‐diffusion‐controlled dislocation creep models of β‐quartz involving the water fugacity term. The theory also predicts significant effects for the transition of α‐β quartz under crustal conditions. Under experimental pressure and temperature conditions, the flow stress of pipe‐diffusion‐controlled dislocation creep is higher than that for volume‐diffusion‐controlled creep. Extrapolation of the flow laws to natural conditions indicates that the contributions of pipe diffusion may dominate over volume diffusion under low‐temperature conditions of the middle crust around the brittle‐plastic transition zone.
A comparison of cooling‐limited and volume‐limited flow systems: Examples from channels in the Piton de la Fournaise April 2007 lava‐flow field
Authors: Rhéty Maéva , Harris Andrew , Villeneuve Nicolas , Gurioli Lucia , Médard Etienne , Chevrel Oryaëlle , Bachélery Patrick 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChannel‐fed lava‐flow systems lack detailed thermal and textural studies through the boundary between channelized and dispersed flow, and out to the flow front. Here chemical, textural, and morphological analyses were made to define cooling and crystallization rates down the entire system, especially through the zone of dispersed flow. We compare two channel systems active during the 2007 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise, one of which was cooling limited and one of which as volume limited. In the cooling‐limited case, rapid changes in rheology occurred across the zone of dispersed flow, where viscosity increased from 1000 to 1600 Pa s over the last 100 m of the channel system. This was due to an increase in cooling rate from 7°C km−1 over the first 500 m of the system, to 42°C km−1 over the last 100 m, and an increase in microcryst content from 13% to 25%. In the volume‐limited case, the exponentially increasing segment of the down‐flow cooling and viscosity trend is absent. Instead, lava arriving at the flow front is still relatively hot (1161°C compared with a near‐vent temperature of 1167°C) and is thus of relatively low viscosity (1125 Pa s). In the volume‐limited case, because the channel was still in extension when supply to the system was cut, the zone of dispersed flow was extremely short. However, because lava behind the stalled flow front was still hot and fluid, breakouts from the static front resulted in a complex flow front morphology.
Constraints on the anisotropic contributions to velocity discontinuities at ∼60 km depth beneath the Pacific
Authors: Rychert Catherine A. , Harmon Nicholas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStrong, sharp, negative seismic discontinuities, velocity decreases with depth, are observed beneath the Pacific seafloor at ∼60 km depth. It has been suggested that these are caused by an increase in radial anisotropy with depth, which occurs in global surface wave models. Here we test this hypothesis in two ways. We evaluate whether an increase in surface wave radial anisotropy with depth is robust with synthetic resolution tests. We do this by fitting an example surface wave data set near the East Pacific Rise. We also estimate the apparent isotropic seismic velocity discontinuities that could be caused by changes in radial anisotropy in S‐to‐P and P‐to‐S receiver functions and SS precursors using synthetic seismograms. We test one model where radial anisotropy is caused by olivine alignment and one model where it is caused by compositional layering. The result of our surface wave inversion suggests strong shallow azimuthal anisotropy beneath 0–10 Ma seafloor, which would also have a radial anisotropy signature. An increase in radial anisotropy with depth at 60 km depth is not well‐resolved in surface wave models, and could be artificially observed. Shallow isotropy underlain by strong radial anisotropy could explain moderate apparent velocity drops (<6%) in SS precursor imaging, but not receiver functions. The effect is diminished if strong anisotropy also exists at 0–60 km depth as suggested by surface waves. Overall, an increase in radial anisotropy with depth may not exist at 60 km beneath the oceans and does not explain the scattered wave observations.
Rival framings: A framework for discovering how problem formulation uncertainties shape risk management trade‐offs in water resources systems
Authors: Quinn J. D. , Reed P. M. , Giuliani M. , Castelletti A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractManaging water resources systems requires coordinated operation of system infrastructure to mitigate the impacts of hydrologic extremes while balancing conflicting multisectoral demands. Traditionally, recommended management strategies are derived by optimizing system operations under a single problem framing that is assumed to accurately represent the system objectives, tacitly ignoring the myriad of effects that could arise from simplifications and mathematical assumptions made when formulating the problem. This study illustrates the benefits of a rival framings framework in which analysts instead interrogate multiple competing hypotheses of how complex water management problems should be formulated. Analyzing rival framings helps discover unintended consequences resulting from inherent biases of alternative problem formulations. We illustrate this on the monsoonal Red River basin in Vietnam by optimizing operations of the system's four largest reservoirs under several different multiobjective problem framings. In each rival framing, we specify different quantitative representations of the system's objectives related to hydropower production, agricultural water supply, and flood protection of the capital city of Hanoi. We find that some formulations result in counterintuitive behavior. In particular, policies designed to minimize expected flood damages inadvertently increase the risk of catastrophic flood events in favor of hydropower production, while min‐max objectives commonly used in robust optimization provide poor representations of system tradeoffs due to their instability. This study highlights the importance of carefully formulating and evaluating alternative mathematical abstractions of stakeholder objectives describing the multisectoral water demands and risks associated with hydrologic extremes.
Statistical process control and verifying positional accuracy of a cobra motion couch using step‐wedge quality assurance tool
Authors: Binny Diana , Lancaster Craig M. , Trapp Jamie V. , Crowe Scott B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study utilizes process control techniques to identify action limits for TomoTherapy couch positioning quality assurance tests. A test was introduced to monitor accuracy of the applied couch offset detection in the TomoTherapy Hi‐Art treatment system using the TQA “Step‐Wedge Helical” module and MVCT detector. Individual X‐charts, process capability (cp), probability (P), and acceptability (cpk) indices were used to monitor a 4‐year couch IEC offset data to detect systematic and random errors in the couch positional accuracy for different action levels. Process capability tests were also performed on the retrospective data to define tolerances based on user‐specified levels. A second study was carried out whereby physical couch offsets were applied using the TQA module and the MVCT detector was used to detect the observed variations.Random and systematic variations were observed for the SPC‐based upper and lower control limits, and investigations were carried out to maintain the ongoing stability of the process for a 4‐year and a three‐monthly period. Local trend analysis showed mean variations up to ±0.5 mm in the three‐monthly analysis period for all IEC offset measurements. Variations were also observed in the detected versus applied offsets using the MVCT detector in the second study largely in the vertical direction, and actions were taken to remediate this error. Based on the results, it was recommended that imaging shifts in each coordinate direction be only applied after assessing the machine for applied versus detected test results using the step helical module. User‐specified tolerance levels of at least ±2 mm were recommended for a test frequency of once every 3 months to improve couch positional accuracy. SPC enables detection of systematic variations prior to reaching machine tolerance levels. Couch encoding system recalibrations reduced variations to user‐specified levels and a monitoring period of 3 months using SPC facilitated in detecting systematic and random variations. SPC analysis for couch positional accuracy enabled greater control in the identification of errors, thereby increasing confidence levels in daily treatment setups.
Financial Incentives and Health Coaching to Improve Physical Activity Following Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Losina Elena , Collins Jamie E. , Deshpande Bhushan R. , Smith Savannah R. , Michl Griffin L. , Usiskin Ilana M. , Klara Kristina M. , Winter Amelia R. , Yang Heidi Y. , Selzer Faith , Katz Jeffrey N. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveMost persons who undergo total knee replacement (TKR) do not increase their physical activity following surgery. We assessed whether financial incentives and health coaching would improve physical activity in persons undergoing TKR.MethodsWe designed a factorial randomized controlled trial among persons undergoing TKR for osteoarthritis. Subjects underwent normal perioperative procedures, including postoperative physical therapy, and were assigned to 1 of 4 arms: attention control, telephonic health coaching (THC), financial incentives (FI), or THC + FI. We objectively measured step counts and minutes of physical activity using a commercial accelerometer (Fitbit Zip) and compared the changes from pre‐TKR to 6 months post‐TKR across the 4 study arms.ResultsOf the 202 randomized subjects, 150 (74%) provided both pre‐TKR and 6 months post‐TKR accelerometer data. Among completers, the mean ± SE daily step count at 6 months ranged from 5,619 ± 381 in the THC arm to 7,152 ± 407 in the THC + FI arm (adjusting for baseline values). Daily step count 6 months post‐TKR increased by 680 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] −94, 1,454) in the control arm, 274 (95% CI −473, 1,021) in the THC arm, 826 (95% CI 89, 1,563) in the FI arm, and 1,808 (95% CI 1,010, 2,606) in the THC + FI arm. Weekly physical activity increased by mean ± SE 14 ± 10, 14 ± 10, 16 ± 10, and 39 ± 11 minutes in the control, THC, FI, and THC + FI arms, respectively.ConclusionA dual THC + FI intervention led to substantial improvements in step count and physical activity following TKR.
Targeted Nanotherapeutics Encapsulating Liver X Receptor Agonist GW3965 Enhance Antiatherogenic Effects without Adverse Effects on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Ldlr−/− Mice
Authors: Yu Mikyung , Amengual Jaume , Menon Arjun , Kamaly Nazila , Zhou Felix , Xu Xiaoding , Saw Phei Er , Lee Seung‐Joo , Si Kevin , Ortega Carleena Angelica , Choi Won Il , Lee In‐Hyun , Bdour Yazan , Shi Jinjun , Mahmoudi Morteza , Jon Sangyong , Fisher Edward A. , Farokhzad Omid C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe pharmacological manipulation of liver X receptors (LXRs) has been an attractive therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis treatment as they control reverse cholesterol transport and inflammatory response. This study presents the development and efficacy of nanoparticles (NPs) incorporating the synthetic LXR agonist GW3965 (GW) in targeting atherosclerotic lesions. Collagen IV (Col IV) targeting ligands are employed to functionalize the NPs to improve targeting to the atherosclerotic plaque, and formulation parameters such as the length of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating molecules are systematically optimized. In vitro studies indicate that the GW‐encapsulated NPs upregulate the LXR target genes and downregulate proinflammatory mediator in macrophages. The Col IV‐targeted NPs encapsulating GW (Col IV–GW–NPs) successfully reaches atherosclerotic lesions when administered for 5 weeks to mice with preexisting lesions, substantially reducing macrophage content (≈30%) compared to the PBS group, which is with greater efficacy versus nontargeting NPs encapsulating GW (GW–NPs) (≈18%). In addition, mice administered the Col IV–GW–NPs do not demonstrate increased hepatic lipid biosynthesis or hyperlipidemia during the treatment period, unlike mice injected with the free GW. These findings suggest a new form of LXR‐based therapeutics capable of enhanced delivery of the LXR agonist to atherosclerotic lesions without altering hepatic lipid metabolism.
Cascade One‐Pot Synthesis of Indanone‐Fused Cyclopentanes from the Reaction of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Enynals via a Sequential Hydrolysis/Knoevenagel Condensation/[3+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Zhang Jiantao , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhu Shifa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA cascade reaction of donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes with enynals to construct indanone‐fused cyclopentanes via a sequential hydrolysis/Knoevenagel condensation/[3+2] cycloaddition is reported. The desired indanone‐fused cyclopentanes were obtained in good yields. This method features mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope, which render it very appealing to chemists for the synthesis of complex molecules containing an indanone‐fused cyclopentane moiety. Moreover, the products could be further converted into compounds with different functional groups through the well‐known transformations.magnified image
Diastereoselective One‐Step Synthesis of 2‐Keto‐3‐deoxy‐d‐ glycero‐d‐galacto‐nononic acid (KDN) Analogues as Templates for the Development of Influenza Drugs
Authors: Laborda Pedro , Wang Su‐Yan , Lu Ai‐Min , He Meng , Duan Xu‐Chu , Qian Ying‐Juan , Jung Yong‐Sam , Liu Li , Voglmeir Josef 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNovel sialic acid scaffolds have great significance in the development of influenza neuraminidase inhibitors. Here the enzymatic synthesis of a wide range of 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐d‐glycero‐d‐galacto‐nononic acid (KDN) analogues via aldol addition of pyruvate to d‐mannose, d‐glucose, d‐galactose, 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose, d‐arabinose, l‐arabinose and l‐rhamnose using a previously unstudied N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) aldolase derived from the bacterium Dyadobacter fermentas is exemplified. Several of the synthesized KDN analogues showed comparable or better inhibitory activity than unstudied Neu5Ac against the mutated influenza neuraminidases (A/California/04/2009 and A/Anhui/1/2005), which both show resistance to Neu5Ac‐based neuraminidase inhibitors, demonstrating that these compounds are promising templates for the development of anti‐influenza drugs.magnified image
Annulated Dialkoxybenzenes as Catholyte Materials for Non‐aqueous Redox Flow Batteries: Achieving High Chemical Stability through Bicyclic Substitution
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Yang Zheng , Shkrob Ilya A. , Assary Rajeev S. , Tung Siu on , Silcox Benjamin , Duan Wentao , Zhang Junjie , Su Chi Cheung , Hu Bin , Pan Baofei , Liao Chen , Zhang Zhengcheng , Wang Wei , Curtiss Larry A. , Thompson Levi T. , Wei Xiaoliang , Zhang Lu 
Published: July 2017

Abstract1,4‐Dimethoxybenzene derivatives are materials of choice for use as catholytes in non‐aqueous redox flow batteries, as they exhibit high open‐circuit potentials and excellent electrochemical reversibility. However, chemical stability of these materials in their oxidized form needs to be improved. Disubstitution in the arene ring is used to suppress parasitic reactions of their radical cations, but this does not fully prevent ring‐addition reactions. By incorporating bicyclic substitutions and ether chains into the dialkoxybenzenes, a novel catholyte molecule, 9,10‐bis(2‐methoxyethoxy)‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydro‐1,4:5,8‐dimethanenoanthracene (BODMA), is obtained and exhibits greater solubility and superior chemical stability in the charged state. A hybrid flow cell containing BODMA is operated for 150 charge–discharge cycles with a minimal loss of capacity.
NiS2/FeS Holey Film as Freestanding Electrode for High‐Performance Lithium Battery
Authors: Liang Kun , Marcus Kyle , Zhang Shoufeng , Zhou Le , Li Yilun , De Oliveira Samuel T. , Orlovskaya Nina , Sohn Yong‐Ho , Yang Yang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this work, a freestanding NiS2/FeS holey film (HF) is prepared after electrochemical anodic and chemical vapor deposition treatments. With the combination of good electrical conductivity and holey structure, the NiS2/FeS HF presents superior electrochemical performance, due to the following reasons: (i) Porous structure of HF provides a large surface area and more active sites/channels/pathways to enhance the ion/mass diffusion. Moreover, the porous structure can reduce the damage from the volumetric expansion. (ii) The as‐prepared electrode combines the current collector (residual NiFe alloy) and active materials (sulfides) together, thus reducing the resistance of the electrode. Additionally, the good conductivity of HF can improve electron transport. (iii) Sulfides are more stable as active materials than sulfur, showing only a small capacity decay while retaining high cyclability performance. This work provides a promising way to develop high energy and stable electrode for Li‐S battery.