bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Aster Leafhopper on Carrots, 1997
Authors: O’Rourke P. K. , Burkness E. C. , Hutchison W. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Blaze’ was planted 16 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station at Rosemount, MN. Plots consisted of three 2-row raised beds, 25 ft (7.6 m) long. Beds were spaced at 3 ft (0.9 m), rows at 1 ft (0.3 m) with 12-ft (3.7 m) alleys separating all sides of each plot. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied witha CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer using a single-nozzle wand fitted with an XR-Teejet 8002 flat fan nozzle with no screen. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 25 gpa (233.8 1/ha) at 35 psi (242 kPa). Three applications were made on 17 and 29 Jul, and 7 Aug. All sweep samples consisted often sweeps taken with a 15-inch diameter sweep net (nylon mesh) from the center two rows of each plot. A pre-application sweep sample was taken 1 d prior to each application. Sweeps for ALH were taken 1, 4, and 8 d after treatment (DAT).
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae with Insecticides, 1997
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Holloway C.Wade 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Blue Max’ collards were direct seeded on Nov 12 near Sted-man, NC and ‘Morris’ collards were transplanted on 7 Jul at McGees Crossroads (MGX) near Benson, NC. Single-row plots 10 ft long on 42-inch centers were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design at both locations. Alleys of 5 ft were used between replicates. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer using a single hollow-cone nozzle (18X) operating at 60 psi to deliver 54.5 gpa. Applications with Triton AG-98 (spreader) were made with all treatments in Test 1 on 28 May and in Tests 2 and 3 on 15, 21, and 27 Aug. Treatments 1 and 2 were applied as a tank mix. Visual estimates of foliar damage and insect counts were made for Test 1 on 4 Jun, and for Tests 2 and 3 on 21, and 27 Aug and 2 Sep.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Corn Earworm on Sweet Corn, 1997
Authors: McLeod Paul , Katayama R. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located at the University of Arkansas Main Experimental Station, Fayetteville. Plot was a single 50-ft-long row. Single buffer rows separated plots. Insecticides were ap-plied with a backpack sprayer equipped with 1 Tee Jet 8003 nozzle calibrated to deliver 34.5 gpa at 30 psi. Treatments were applied 15, 18, 21, 24, and 27 Aug in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plots were harvested on 29 Aug and ears were rated for damage: good (no CEW damage), damaged (ears with damage confined to the apical inch), and cull (ears with damage past the apical inch). Live CEW larvae within each ear were also counted. Data were analyzed with SAS Proc ANOVA and means of good, marketable (good + damaged ears), and larvae per ear were separated by LSD.
Evaluation of Foliar Materials to Control Lepidopterous Larvae on Sweet Corn, 1997
Authors: Nault Brian A. , Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted on 30 May at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25-ft-long row, which was flanked by untreated guard rows, all separated by 3 ft space. There were 9 treatments plus an untreated check arranged in a RCB design with six replications. Two of the treatments were applied on a 5-6 d schedule (18, 25, and 31 Jul), whereas the remainder were applied on a 3-4-d schedule (18, 21, 25, 28, and 31 Jul). Materials were applied with a propane-powered backpack sprayer equipped with a single, hollow-cone nozzle/row calibrated to deliver 41 gal of spray/acre of 40 psi. Sprays were directed at the ears and were initiated when corn was in full silk. On 4 Aug, 15 ripe ears were taken from each plot and rated for damage as follows: fresh market (no damage), processing (no damage + damage only within 1.5 inches from the tip), cull (any damage between the base and 1.5 inches from the tip). The total numbers of live larvae of each species/15 ears were also counted.
Control of Fall Armyworm on Sweet Corn, Spring 1996B
Authors: Seal Dakshina R. , McCord Elzie 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Silver Queen’ corn was seeded in Rockdale soil on 25 Feb 1996. A randomized complete block design was employed to provide 4 replicates each for 6 treatments comprising a plot size of 3 rows, 30 feet long. Insecticide applications were initiated when 2-5% of the plants were infested with FAW. Whorl treatments were continued on approximately 7-day intervals beginning 19 Mar. Whorl applications were made with a shaker jar, 10 cm above the whorl. This jar was fitted with a screen mesh lid appropriate for granular flow. No phytotoxicity was observed with either product. Evaluations were conducted 24 hours after each treatment by extracting 10 plants from plot centers, bagging in polyethylene bags and transporting to the laboratory. Each plant was dissected, larvae extracted and counted. FAW populations were significantly reduced by all treatment compared to untreated check plots.
Control of Fall Armyworm on Sweet Corn, Spring 1996C
Authors: Seal Dakshina R. , McCord Elzie 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Silver Queen’ corn was seeded in Rockdale soil on 20 Mar 1996. A randomized complete block design was employed to provide 4 replicates each for 8 treatments comprising a plot size of 4 rows, 30 feet long. Insecticide applications were initiated two weeks after planting and continued on a 4-5-day interval beginning 31 Mar. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using 2 nozzles per row at 40 PSI delivering 70 GPA to the corn whorl. Granules were sprinkled into each plant whorl with an 8-oz. bottle fitted with a fine-mesh screw cap. Mesh openings were designed to allow proper release of the sized granules. Larvae were counted in 10 randomly selected whorls in the center 20 feet of each plot row. Although FAW population were unseasonably low, all treatments significantly reduced the number of larvae per whorl, on average, except MYX837-936 at 2 qt/acre.
Rcupcake: an R package for querying and analyzing biomedical data through the BD2K PIC-SURE RESTful API
Authors: Gutiérrez-Sacristán Alba , Guedj Romain , Korodi Gabor , Stedman Jason , Furlong Laura I , Patel Chirag J , Kohane Isaac S , Avillach Paul 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Motivation
In the era of big data and precision medicine, the number of databases containing clinical, environmental, self-reported and biochemical variables is increasing exponentially. Enabling the experts to focus on their research questions rather than on computational data management, access and analysis is one of the most significant challenges nowadays.

Results
We present Rcupcake, an R package that contains a variety of functions for leveraging different databases through the BD2K PIC-SURE RESTful API and facilitating its query, analysis and interpretation. The package offers a variety of analysis and visualization tools, including the study of the phenotype co-occurrence and prevalence, according to multiple layers of data, such as phenome, exposome or genome.

Availability and implementation
The package is implemented in R and is available under Mozilla v2 license from GitHub (https://github.com/hms-dbmi/Rcupcake). Two reproducible case studies are also available (https://github.com/hms-dbmi/Rcupcake-case-studies/blob/master/SSCcaseStudy_v01.ipynb, https://github.com/hms-dbmi/Rcupcake-case-studies/blob/master/NHANEScaseStudy_v01.ipynb).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Efficacy and Safety Outcome Domains and Outcome Measures in Systematic Reviews of Neuropathic Pain Conditions
Authors: Dosenovic Svjetlana , Jelicic Kadic Antonia , Jeric Milka , Boric Matija , Markovic Domagoj , Vucic Katarina , Puljak Livia 
Published: December 2017

Objectives:
Heterogeneity of outcome domains, used in interventional trials and systematic reviews (SRs) for neuropathic pain (NeuP), makes decisions on the comparative effectiveness of available treatments difficult. This study analyzed outcome domains and measures used in SRs of randomized controlled trials on efficacy and safety of interventions for NeuP and compared them with the core outcome set (COS) and core outcome measures (COMs) for chronic pain recommended by the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT).

Methods:
Five electronic databases were searched to find SRs of interventions for NeuP. Outcome domains and measures were independently extracted by 2 authors, and compared against the IMMPACT-recommended COS and COMs. Outcome domains specified in the methods and reported in the results were also compared.

Results:
Ninety-seven SRs were analyzed. The 2 core domains most frequently specified in the methods and reported in the results of SRs were pain and symptoms and adverse events. Pain intensity was mostly assessed with Visual Analog Scale (n=59) and Numerical Rating Scale (n=29). The incidence (n=70) and severity (n=60) were most commonly reported for adverse events. There were 240 different outcome measures used for the assessment of treatment efficacy and safety.

Conclusions:
Authors of SRs in the field of NeuP insufficiently use relevant recommended COS and COMs for chronic pain. More effort should be put into the implementation of COS to ensure that the study results can be compared and combined. There is a need for defining core outcome domains and measures specific for NeuP.
Factors Influencing Visual Acuity in Fuchs’ Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Kobashi Hidenaga , Kamiya Kazutaka , Shimizu Kimiya 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

SIGNIFICANCE
In eyes with mild Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy without significant corneal edema, objective scattering index has the strongest influence on distance visual acuity, followed by the anterior corneal densitometry. Our findings suggest that distance visual acuity deteriorates in eyes with higher forward light scatter.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the factors affecting distance visual acuity in patients with Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy.

METHODS
This retrospective study comprised 31 eyes of 31 patients with mild Fuchs’ dystrophy without corneal edema and 25 eyes of 25 age-matched healthy subjects. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between distance acuity with age, sex, forward light scatter, corneal backward scatter, anterior and posterior corneal higher-order aberrations, endothelial cell density, central corneal thickness, and corneal astigmatism.

RESULTS
The forward light scatter, corneal backward scatter, and corneal higher-order aberrations were significantly larger in the Fuchs’ dystrophy group than those in the control group (P ≤ .004). In a univariate analysis, with higher forward light scatter, anterior corneal backward scatter, corneal higher-order aberrations, and age, the distance acuity significantly deteriorated in eyes with Fuchs’ dystrophy. In a multiple linear regression analysis, explanatory variables relevant to the distance acuity were the forward light scatter (P < .001, partial regression coefficient B = 0.035) and anterior corneal backward scatter (P = 0.2, B = 0.008) (adjusted R2 = 0.694).

CONCLUSIONS
Eyes with higher light scatter, especially forward light scattering, showed deteriorated visual acuity. Results suggest that forward light scatter and corneal backward scatter play a more important role in visual performance than corneal higher-order aberrations in Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy.
Case Report: Acute Hydrops with Descemet Membrane Schisis in Corneal Ectasia after Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Xie Wenjia , Xu Yesheng , Yao Yu-Feng 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

SIGNIFICANCE
As patients with previous radial keratotomy (RK) are still occasionally encountered, recognition of the anatomy of post-RK corneas and management of their complications remain relevant. High-definition anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) is a very useful tool to assess these postsurgical corneas.

PURPOSE
To describe a case of acute corneal hydrops with Descemet membrane schisis after RK with observation by AS-OCT.

CASE REPORT
A 43-year-old woman presented with a 9-day history of sudden vision loss, foreign body sensation, and photophobia in her left eye. She had undergone bilateral RK 25 years ago at her local hospital. Slit-lamp examination revealed marked corneal edema and stromal clefts in the central cornea along with radial surgical scars in her left eye. Pentacam imaging showed the typical pattern of a post-RK cornea with ectasia in her right eye. Multiple dilacerations of collagen lamellae and fluid-filled intrastromal cysts together with epithelial edema were observed in her left eye using AS-OCT. A Descemet membrane detachment with schisis was also shown by AS-OCT. After 5 months of medication with topical 0.1% fluorometholone eye drops four times daily together with 3% ofloxacin eye ointment once daily, the corneal edema, Descemet membrane detachment, and Descemet membrane schisis had completely resolved resulting in pan-stromal scarring.

CONCLUSIONS
This report describes acute corneal hydrops with Descemet membrane schisis after RK imaged using high-definition AS-OCT. The acute hydrops was possibly caused by corneal ectasia or underlying keratoconus, which was aggravated by RK. High-definition AS-OCT is a useful tool to demonstrate the details of different corneal layers and to observe the resolving process of acute hydrops. Topical medications consisting of antibiotic, lubrication, and corticosteroid can be used to treat the acute event effectively.
Thirty-Second Walk Test: Expansion of Normative Data
Authors: Lieberstein Michael , Weingarten Goldie , Vialu Carlo , Itzkowitz Adina , Doyle Maura , Covino Frank , Kaplan Sandra L. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To collect 30-second walk test (30sWT) normative data on a large, diverse sample of school children developing typically, ages 5 to 13 years, and describe the influences of gender, body mass index, and path shape on distance walked.

Methods:
Five physical therapists administered the 30sWT on 1223 children developing typically (boys = 517, girls = 706) from 20 urban schools.

Results:
Average distances (standard deviation) ranged from 139.1 (20.3) to 163.0 (18.6) ft; children aged 10 years walked the farthest and those aged 5 years the shortest. Distance steadily increased from ages 5 to 10 years, steadily decreased from ages 11 to 13 years; children aged 8, 9, and 10 years had statistical but not functionally meaningful gender differences. Body mass index and path shape had no meaningful effects. Distance and velocities are similar to prior studies.

Conclusion:
This study updated 30sWT normative values with a large, ethnically diverse, urban sample developing typically. Norms may be useful as part of a comprehensive examination.
Family Experiences and Perspectives on Infection Prevention in Pediatric Long-Term Care
Authors: Wilmont Sibyl , Hessels Amanda J. , Kelly Ana M. , Larson Elaine L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Purpose
Residents of pediatric long-term care facilities (pLTCF) are particularly vulnerable to healthcare-associated infections. The aims of this qualitative study were to (a) explore perspectives on infection prevention among families visiting children in pLTCF and (b) identify facilitators of and barriers to optimal hand hygiene.

Design and Methods
Semistructured, in-depth interviews with 10 family members visiting two New York City metropolitan area facilities were analyzed to identify themes.

Findings
“Everyone follows the rules” and “infections are inevitable” were primary themes. Participants reported “common sense” as a facilitator and “distraction” as a major barrier to prevention practices.

Conclusion
Current education for visitors may be inadequate to improve infection prevention behaviors.

Clinical Relevance
Nurse-led education strategies for infection prevention should be tested and modified for families visiting pLTCF.
Humor—A Rehabilitative Tool in the Post-Intensive Care of Young Adults With Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: O’Reilly Kate 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to describe how paid carers use humor in providing compassionate post-intensive rehabilitation care to young adults with acquired brain injury (ABI) who are unable to perform or direct their own care.

Design:
This is a qualitative study underpinned by symbolic interactionism.

Methods:
Paid carers in a residential aged care facility were interviewed. Interview data were analyzed using grounded theory methods of coding, comparative analysis, memoing, and theoretical sampling.

Findings:
With young adult’s assent, paid carers appropriately used humor, at times even crude humor, as a rehabilitative tool to activate and elicit responses from young people with ABI who could not perform or direct their own care. The use of humor while caring for this population demonstrated that compassion still exists within nursing; however, it may not always be reverent.

Conclusions/Clinical Relevance:
Humor may be an effective way to provide compassionate care and can be used as a rehabilitative tool to elicit responses from young people with ABI who have no means of verbal communication.
An Interprofessional Communication Training Program to Improve Nurses’ Ability to Communicate With Stroke Patients With Communication Disorders
Authors: Chu Charlene H. , Sorin-Peters Riva , Sidani Souraya , De La Huerta Bronwen , McGilton Katherine S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of the study was to evaluate change in nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors after an Interprofessional (IP) Communication Training Program designed to improve nurses’ ability to communicate with stroke rehabilitation inpatients with communication disorders.

Design/Methods
A quasi-experimental longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate an IP Communication Training Program consisting of a full-day and booster workshop and speech language pathologist support for nurses. The Communication Impairment Questionnaire and the Providers Interactional Comfort Survey were collected prior to and 3 months and 1 year postintervention. Focus groups assessing program acceptability were conducted.

Results
Forty-six nurses participated. The Communication Impairment Questionnaire significantly improved postintervention (p = .001), but not at 1 year follow-up (3.76, p = .123). The Providers Interactional Comfort Survey significantly improved postintervention (p = .001) and remained significant 1 year later (8.84, p = .03). Focus groups indicated high acceptability and reported that the education increased their confidence and reduced their frustration.

Conclusion
Nurses’ attitudes toward and knowledge about communication strategies improved, which enhances their ability to care for stroke patients with communication disorders.

Clinical Relevance
Interdisciplinary workshops and speech language pathologist support appear beneficial to nurses working with patients with communication disorders.
Music as a Therapy to Alleviate Anxiety During Inpatient Rehabilitation for Stroke
Authors: Le Danseur Maureen , Crow April D. , Stutzman Sonja E. , Villarreal Marcos D. , Olson DaiWai M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of the study was to determine if listening to music may reduce anxiety experienced by stroke patients during acute rehabilitation.

Design
A prospective, nonblinded, randomized study in an inpatient rehabilitation setting.

Methods
Fifty participants were randomized into two groups: (1) 1 hour of music (intervention) or (2) no music (control). All participants completed pretest anxiety and depression screening and 44 completed the posttest anxiety screening. Differences between groups were determined using chi-square and t tests.

Findings
After listening to music for 1 hour, participants who completed the posttest (n = 44) reported significantly less anxiety (p < .0001) compared to before the intervention. The control group showed no difference in their pre- and posttest anxiety scores (p = .84). No differences were determined among age, gender, or diagnostic groups.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that music intervention may help lessen anxiety in rehabilitation patients poststroke.

Clinical Relevance
Offering musical intervention to stroke patients in rehabilitation may lessen symptoms of anxiety.
Older Adults With Hip Arthroplasty: An Individualized Transitional Care Program
Authors: Ko YoungJi , Lee JuHee , Oh EuiGeum , Choi MoNa , Kim ChangOh , Sung KiWol , Baek SeungHoon 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
Most older adults with hip fracture surgery experience functional decline (FD), causing devastating outcomes. However, few studies have examined the effects of nursing interventions to reduce FD for them.

Purpose
The aim of the study was to evaluate an individualized transitional care program (ITCP) to reduce FD for older adults with hip arthroplasty.

Methods
The study was quasiexperimental, with a nonequivalent control group design. A total of 37 participants scheduled for hip arthroplasty were recruited—21 in the experimental and 16 in the control group.

Findings
Two weeks following surgery (i.e., just prior to discharge), the ITCP group displayed less fear of falling than the usual care group. Moreover, the experimental group displayed objectively less FD with increased activities of daily living and Timed Up and Go scores, 6 weeks after hip arthroplasty.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of nurse-led rehabilitative practices to reduce FD in older adults with hip arthroplasty.

Clinical Relevance
The ITCP promoted individual physical functioning for older adults with hip arthroplasty. This study results can aid healthy transitions of elderly patients with other various diseases.
Optogenetic dissection of descending behavioral control inDrosophila
Authors: Cande Jessica , Berman Gordon J. , Namiki Shigehiro , Qiu Jirui , Korff Wyatt , Card Gwyneth , Shaevitz Joshua W. , Stern David L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn most animals, the brain makes behavioral decisions that are transmitted by descending neurons to the nerve cord circuitry that produces behaviors. In insects, only a few descending neurons have been associated with specific behaviors. To explore how these neurons control an insect’s movements, we developed a novel method to systematically assay the behavioral effects of activating individual neurons on freely behaving terrestrialD. melanogaster. We calculated a two-dimensional representation of the entire behavior space explored by these flies and associated descending neurons with specific behaviors by identifying regions of this space that were visited with increased frequency during optogenetic activation. Applying this approach across a population of descending neurons, we found, that (1) activation of most of the descending neurons drove stereotyped behaviors, (2) in many cases multiple descending neurons activated similar behaviors, and (3) optogenetically-activated behaviors were often dependent on the behavioral state prior to activation.