bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft Genome Sequence of “
Candidatus
Methanomethylophilus” sp. 1R26, Enriched from Bovine Rumen, a Methanogenic Archaeon Belonging to the
Methanomassiliicoccales
Order
Authors: Noel Samantha Joan , Højberg Ole , Urich Tim , Poulsen Morten 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome of “
Candidatus
Methanomethylophilus” sp. 1R26, a member of the newly described
Methanomassiliicoccales
order of
Euryarcheaota
. The enrichment culture was established from bovine rumen contents and produced methane from trimethylamine and methanol. The draft genome contains genes for methanogenesis from methylated compounds.
Complete Genome Sequencing of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 1, Subgenotypes 1n and 1o
Authors: Sato Asuka , Tateishi Kentaro , Shinohara Minami , Naoi Yuki , Shiokawa Mai , Aoki Hiroshi , Ohmori Keitaro , Mizutani Tetsuya , Shirai Junsuke , Nagai Makoto 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
To gain further insight into the genomic features of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) subgenotypes, we sequenced the complete genome of BVDV-1n Shitara/02/06 and BVDV-1o IS26NCP/01. The complete genome of Shitara/02/06 and IS26NCP/01 shared 77.7 to 79.3% and 78.0 to 85.7% sequence identities with other BVDV-1 subgenotype strains, respectively.
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of
Leucobacter
sp. Strain G161, a Distinct and Effective Chromium Reducer
Authors: Ge Shimei , Ai Wenjing , Dong Xinjiao 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the genome sequence for
Leucobacter
sp. strain G161 due to its distinct and effective hexavalent chromium reduction under aerobic growth conditions, followed by facultative anaerobic incubation. The draft genome sequence of
Leucobacter
sp. G161 comprises 3,554,188 bp, with an average G+C content of 65.3%, exhibiting 3,341 protein-coding genes and 55 predicted RNA genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Chinese Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus That Has a Further Deletion in the Nsp2 Gene
Authors: Ji Guobiao , Li Yingying , Tan Feifei , Zhuang Jinshan , Li Xiangdong , Tian Kegong 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Here, we report the complete genome of a Chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) characterized by a further 29-amino acid (87 nucleotides) deletion in its Nsp2-coding region compared to the prototype of the HP-PRRSV JXA1 strain.
Draft Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter johnsonii MB44, Exhibiting Nematicidal Activity against Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Tian Shijing , Ali Muhammad , Xie Li , Li Lin 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter johnsonii
MB44 was isolated from a frost-plant-tissue sample, which showed noteworthy nematicidal activity against the model organism
Caenorhabditis elegans
. Here, we report the 3.4 Mb draft genome of
A. johnsonii
MB44, which will help in understanding the molecular mechanism of its ability to infect nematodes.
Cohort study to test the predictability of the NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement Paediatric Early Warning System
Authors: Mason B W , Edwards E D , Oliver A , Powell C V E 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo test the predictability of the National Health Service Institute for Innovation and Improvement (NHSIII) Paediatric Early Warning System (PEWS) score to identify children at risk of developing critical illness.DesignCohort study.SettingAdmissions to all paediatric wards at the University Hospital of Wales between 1 December 2005 and 30 November 2006.Outcome measuresUnscheduled paediatric high dependency unit (PHDU) admission, paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and death.ResultsThere were 9075 clinical observations from 1000 children. An NHSIII PEWS score of 2 or more, which triggers review, has a sensitivity of 73.2% (95% CI 62.2% to 82.4%), specificity of 75.2% (95% CI 74.3% to 76.1%), positive predictive value (PPV) of 2.6% (95% CI 2.0% to 3.4%), negative predictive value of 99.7% (95% CI 99.5% to 99.8%) and positive likelihood ratio of 3.0 (95% CI 2.6 to 3.4) for predicting PHDU admission, PICU admission or death. Six (37.5%) of the 16 children with an adverse outcome did not have an abnormal NHSIII PEWS score. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the NHSIII PEWS score was 0.83 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.88).ConclusionsThe NHSIII PEWS has a low PPV and its full implementation would result in a large number of false positive triggers. The issue with PEWS scores or triggers is neither their sensitivity nor children with high scores which require clinical interventions who are not ‘false positives’; but their low specificity and low PPV arising from the large number of children with low but raised scores.
Early treatment revisions by addition or switch for type 2 diabetes: impact on glycemic control, diabetic complications, and healthcare costs
Authors: Schwab Phil , Saundankar Vishal , Bouchard Jonathan , Wintfeld Neil , Suehs Brandon , Moretz Chad , Allen Elsie , DeLuzio Antonio 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundThe study examined the prevalence of early treatment revisions after glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥9.0% (75 mmol/mol) and estimated the impact of early treatment revisions on glycemic control, diabetic complications, and costs.Research design and methodsA retrospective cohort study of administrative claims data of plan members with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c ≥9.0% (75 mmol/mol) was completed. Treatment revision was identified as treatment addition or switch. Glycemic control was measured as HbA1c during 6–12 months following the first qualifying HbA1c ≥9.0% (75 mmol/mol) laboratory result. Complications severity (via Diabetes Complication Severity Index (DCSI)) and costs were measured after 12, 24, and 36 months. Unadjusted comparisons and multivariable models were used to examine the relationship between early treatment revision (within 90 days of HbA1c) and outcomes after controlling for potentially confounding factors measured during a 12-month baseline period.Results8463 participants were included with a mean baseline HbA1c of 10.2% (75 mmol/mol). Early treatment revision was associated with greater reduction in HbA1c at 6–12 months (−2.10% vs −1.87%; p<0.001). No significant relationship was observed between early treatment revision and DCSI at 12, 24, or 36 months (p=0.931, p=0.332, and p=0.418). Total costs, medical costs, and pharmacy costs at 12, 24, or 36 months were greater for the early treatment revision group compared with the delayed treatment revision group (all p<0.05).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, treatment revision within 90 days of finding an HbA1c ≥9.0% is associated with a greater level of near-term glycemic control and higher cost. The impact on end points such as diabetic complications may not be realized over relatively short time frames.
Is herpes zoster an additional complication in old age alongside comorbidity and multiple medications? Results of the post hoc analysis of the 12-month longitudinal prospective observational ARIZONA cohort study
Authors: Pickering Gisèle , Gavazzi Gaëtan , Gaillat Jacques , Paccalin Marc , Bloch Karine , Bouhassira Didier 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the burden of comorbidity, polypharmacy and herpes zoster (HZ), an infectious disease, and its main complication post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) in young (50–70 years of age: 70−) and old (≥70 years of age: 70+) patients.DesignPost hoc analysis of the results of the 12-month longitudinal prospective multicentre observational ARIZONA cohort study.Settings and participantsThe study took place in primary care in France from 20 November 2006 to 12 September 2008. Overall, 644 general practitioners (GPs) collected data from 1358 patients aged 50 years or more with acute eruptive HZ.Outcome measuresPresence of HZ-related pain or PHN (pain persisting >3 months) was documented at day 0 and at months 3, 6, and 12. To investigate HZ and PHN burden, pain, quality of life (QoL) and mood were self-assessed using validated questionnaires (Zoster Brief Pain Inventory, 12-item Short-Form health survey and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, respectively).ResultsAs compared with younger patients, older patients more frequently presented with comorbidities, more frequently took analgesics and had poorer response on all questionnaires, indicating greater burden, at inclusion. Analgesics were more frequently prescribed to relieve acute pain or PHN in 70+ than 70− patients. Despite higher levels of medication prescription, poorer pain relief and poorer response to all questionnaires were reported in 70+ than 70− patients.ConclusionsOccurrence of HZ and progression to PHN adds extra burden on top of pharmacological treatment and impaired quality of life, especially in older patients who already have health problems to cope with in everyday life.
Deformation of oceanic crust in the eastern Gulf of Guinea: role in the evolution of the Cameroon Volcanic Line and influence on the petroleum endowment of the Douala-Rio Muni Basin
Authors: Lawrence Steve R. , Beach Alastair , Jackson Owain , Jackson Andrew 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Evidence is presented from the interpretation of seismic data for the compressional deformation of intra-plate oceanic crust in the eastern Gulf of Guinea, a region occupied by the Douala-Rio Muni Basin and the Cameroon Volcanic Line. The deformation has taken the form of the reactivation of syn-kinematic structures in the fabric of the oceanic crust. The origin of the Cameroon Volcanic Line is usually attributed to a mantle hotspot, but interpretation of the seismic data indicates that strike-slip and/or compressional tectonics and reactivation of the fabric of the oceanic crust have all played an important role in its evolution. A regional tectonic model is presented that associates deformation in the eastern Gulf of Guinea with regional alpine-related far-field compressive stress. In this way, a causal link is invoked between deformation of the oceanic crust and strike-slip movement on the Central African Shear Zone, establishing a continent–ocean tectonic link. The evolution of the Cameroon Volcanic Line and the continent–ocean tectonic link has imparted a unique tectonostratigraphic history to the Douala-Rio Muni Basin and has influenced its petroleum endowment. The structural and combination trapping potential has been greatly enhanced in this environment and the structural architecture of the basin has influenced the depositional patterns of the deep water reservoir sands.
Cerebrovascular Events After No‐Touch Off‐Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, Conventional Side‐Clamp Off‐Pump Coronary Artery Bypass, and Proximal Anastomotic Devices: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Pawliszak Wojciech , Kowalewski Mariusz , Raffa Giuseppe Maria , Malvindi Pietro Giorgio , Kowalkowska Magdalena Ewa , Szwed Krzysztof Aleksander , Borkowska Alina , Kowalewski Janusz , Anisimowicz Lech 
Published: February 2016

Background

Off‐pump coronary artery bypass (
OPCAB
) has been shown to reduce the risk of neurologic complications as compared to coronary artery bypass grafting performed with cardiopulmonary bypass. Side‐clamping of the aorta while constructing proximal anastomoses, however, still carries substantial risk of cerebral embolization. We aimed to perform a comprehensive meta‐analysis of studies assessing 2 clampless techniques: aortic “no‐touch” and proximal anastomosis devices (
PAD
) for
OPCAB
.

Methods and Results

PubMed,
CINAHL
,
CENTRAL
, and Google Scholar databases were screened for randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing “no‐touch” and/or
PAD
with side‐clamp
OPCAB
and reporting short‐term (≤30 days) outcomes: cerebrovascular accident and all‐cause mortality. A total of 18 studies (3 randomized controlled trials) enrolling 25 163 patients were included. Aortic “no‐touch” was associated with statistically lower risk of cerebrovascular accident as compared to side‐clamp
OPCAB
: risk ratio 95%
CI
: 0.41 (0.27–0.61);
P
<0.01; I
2
=0%. Event rates were 0.36% and 1.28% for “no‐touch” and side‐clamp
OPCAB
, respectively. No difference was seen between
PAD
and side‐clamp
OPCAB
: 0.71 (0.33–1.55);
P
=0.39; I
2
=39%. A trend towards increased 30‐day all‐cause mortality with
PAD
and no difference with “no‐touch” were observed when compared to side‐clamp
OPCAB
. In a subset analysis, “no‐touch” consistently reduced the risk of cerebrovascular accident regardless of patients’ baseline risk characteristics. A benefit with
PAD
was observed in low‐risk patients.

Conclusions

Aortic “no‐touch” technique was associated with nearly 60% lower risk of postoperative cerebrovascular events as compared to conventional side‐clamp
OPCAB
with effect consistent across patients at different risk.
Stroke in Commercial Flights
Authors: Álvarez-Velasco Rodrigo , Masjuan Jaime , DeFelipe Alicia , Corral Iñigo , Estévez-Fraga Carlos , Crespo Leticia , Alonso-Cánovas Araceli 
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose—
Stroke on board aircraft has been reported in retrospective case series, mainly focusing on economy class stroke syndrome. Data on the actual incidence, pathogenesis, and prognosis of stroke in commercial flights are lacking.

Methods—
A prospective registry was designed to include all consecutive patients referred from an international airport (40 million passengers a year) to our hospital with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and onset of symptoms during a flight or immediately after landing.

Results—
Forty-four patients (32 ischemic strokes and 12 transient ischemic attacks) were included over a 76-month period (January 2008 to April 2014). The estimated incidence of stroke was 1 stroke in 35 000 flights. Pathogeneses of stroke or transient ischemic attack were atherothrombotic in 16 (36%), economy class stroke syndrome in 8 (18%), cardioembolic in 7 (16%), arterial dissection in 4 (9%), lacunar stroke in 4 (9%), and undetermined in 5 (12%) patients. Carotid stenosis >70% was found in 12 (27%) of the patients. Overall prognosis was good, and thrombolysis was applied in 44% of the cases. The most common reason for not treating patients who had experienced stroke onset midflight was the delay in reaching the hospital. Only 1 patient with symptom onset during the flight prompted a flight diversion.

Conclusions—
We found a low incidence of stroke in the setting of air travel. Economy class stroke syndrome and arterial dissection were well represented in our sample. However, the main pathogenesis was atherothrombosis with a high proportion of patients with high carotid stenosis.
Long-term consequences of early nutritional conditions on the behaviour and growth of fire salamanders
Authors: Krause E. Tobias , Caspers Barbara A. 
Published: February 2016

Early developmental conditions can have a strong influence on the life history. Fire salamanders represent an interesting system due to their biphasic life cycle consisting of an aquatic larval stage and a subsequent terrestrial stage. The environment experienced as larvae affects growth, age at metamorphosis and behaviour. In particular, diet restrictions can cause developmental stress. However, the impact of such developmental stress on the growth and behaviour in a long-lived amphibian are not yet well studied. We manipulated the early diet of sibling pairs of fire salamander larvae. One sibling was raised under food-restriction and the other was raised under conditions of abundant food. We report long-term effects on growth and exploratory behaviour; exploratory behaviour was tested in two sessions, first as young juveniles and later as sub-adults. We found that food-restricted conditions during early development affected exploratory behaviour. Early deficits in body mass and body size were compensated later in life, by approximately 18 months of age. When morphological differences were compensated, the initial differences in exploratory behaviour also disappeared. Thus, compensation not only led to an alignment of body parameters but was also accompanied by an adjustment in exploratory behaviour. No cost of compensation was detected, but future research will need to verify whether the potential costs of compensation are negligible in slow-growing salamanders or whether they are shifted to later life stages. Our study provides novel insights into the life history of fire salamanders and reveals that early larval conditions have effects on individuals long after metamorphosis.
The Relationship between the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and Southeastern New England Snowfall
Authors: Klotzbach Philip J. , Oliver Eric C. J. , Leeper Ronald D. , Schreck Carl J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe winter of 2014/15 brought record snow totals to portions of southeastern New England. Additionally, over 90% of Boston Logan Airport snowfall during the winter fell during phases 7 and 8 of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) index. This motivated the authors to investigate potential connections between intense southeastern New England snowstorms and the MJO in the historical record. It was found that southeastern New England snowfall, measured since the 1930s at several stations in the region, recorded higher than average winter snowfalls when enhanced MJO convection was located over the western Pacific and the Western Hemisphere (phases 7–8). Similarly, snowfall was suppressed when enhanced MJO convection was located over the Maritime Continent (phases 4–5). The MJO also modulates the frequency of nor’easters, which contribute the majority of New England’s snowfall, as measured by reanalysis-derived cyclone tracks. These tracks were more numerous during the same MJO phases that lead to enhanced snowfall, and they were less common during phases with less snowfall.
Bilateral robotic priming before task-oriented approach in subacute stroke rehabilitation: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hsieh Yu-wei , Wu Ching-yi , Wang Wei-en , Lin Keh-chung , Chang Ku-chou , Chen Chih-chi , Liu Chien-ting 
Published: February 2016

Objectives: To investigate the treatment effects of bilateral robotic priming combined with the task-oriented approach on motor impairment, disability, daily function, and quality of life in patients with subacute stroke. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Setting: Occupational therapy clinics in medical centers. Subjects: Thirty-one subacute stroke patients were recruited. Interventions: Participants were randomly assigned to receive bilateral priming combined with the task-oriented approach (i.e., primed group) or to the task-oriented approach alone (i.e., unprimed group) for 90 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. The primed group began with the bilateral priming technique by using a bimanual robot-aided device. Main measures: Motor impairments were assessed by the Fugal-Meyer Assessment, grip strength, and the Box and Block Test. Disability and daily function were measured by the modified Rankin Scale, the Functional Independence Measure, and actigraphy. Quality of life was examined by the Stroke Impact Scale. Results: The primed and unprimed groups improved significantly on most outcomes over time. The primed group demonstrated significantly better improvement on the Stroke Impact Scale strength subscale ( p = 0.012) and a trend for greater improvement on the modified Rankin Scale ( p = 0.065) than the unprimed group. Conclusion: Bilateral priming combined with the task-oriented approach elicited more improvements in self-reported strength and disability degrees than the task-oriented approach by itself. Further large-scale research with at least 31 participants in each intervention group is suggested to confirm the study findings.
Comparison of remifentanil with dexmedetomidine for monitored anaesthesia care in elderly patients during vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty
Authors: Lee Jung Min , Lee Soo Kyung , Lee Sang Jun , Hwang Woon Suk , Jang Sung Wook , Park Eun Young 
Published: February 2016

Objectives This clinical trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. (NCT02476981) This randomized, prospective double-blind study compared remifentanil with dexmedetomidine for monitored anaesthesia care during minimally invasive corrections of vertebral compression fractures (vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty). Methods Patients > 65 years of age with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I–III, scheduled for vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty under monitored anaesthesia care, received remifentanil (i.v. infusion 1–5 µg/kg/h) or dexmedetomidine (loading dose 0.3–0.4 µg/kg followed by i.v. infusion 0.2–1 µg/kg/h) to maintain observer's assessment of alertness/sedation (OAA/S) scale <4 during the procedure. Results There were no statistically significant differences in demographic data between the remifentanil ( n = 37) and dexmedetomidine groups ( n = 38). Patients on dexmedetomidine experienced lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), and higher SpO2 values, than patients on remifentanil. Compared with dexmedetomidine, remifentanil produced more respiratory depression, oxygen desaturation, and reduced the need for additional intraoperative opioids. There were no significant between-group differences in terms of recovery time, investigators’ satisfaction scores, or patients’ overall pain experiences. Conclusions During monitored anaesthesia care, dexmedetomidine provides less respiratory depression, lower MAP and HR, but also less analgesic effect than remifentanil in elderly patients undergoing vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty.
Assessing the Safety of Vitamin A Delivered Through Large-Scale Intervention Programs
Authors: Tanumihardjo Sherry A. , Mokhtar Najat , Haskell Marjorie J. , Brown Kenneth H. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Vitamin A (VA) deficiency (VAD) is still a concern in many parts of the world, and multiple intervention strategies are being implemented to reduce the prevalence of VAD and associated morbidity and mortality. Because some individuals within a population may be exposed to multiple VA interventions, concerns have been raised about the possible risk of hypervitaminosis A. Objectives: A consultative meeting was held in Vienna, Austria, in March 2014 to (1) review current knowledge concerning the safety and effectiveness of large-scale programs to control VAD, (2) develop a related research agenda, and (3) review current available methods to assess VA status and risk of hypervitaminosis A. Methods: Multiple countries were represented and shared their experiences using a variety of assessment methods, including retinol isotope dilution (RID) techniques. Discussion included next steps to refine assessment methodology, investigate RID limitations under different conditions, and review programmatic approaches to ensure VA adequacy and avoid excessive intakes. Results: Fortification programs have resulted in adequate VA status in Guatemala, Zambia, and parts of Cameroon. Dietary patterns in several countries revealed that some people may consume excessive preformed VA from fortified foods. Conclusion: Additional studies are needed to compare biomarkers of tissue damage to RID methods during hypervitaminosis A and to determine what other biomarkers can be used to assess excessive preformed VA intake.