bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Totalism, Animals, and the Repugnant Conclusion
Authors: O'Brien Gary David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTotalism states that one population is better than another iff it has higher total welfare. One counterintuitive consequence is the Repugnant Conclusion (RC). Totalism also entails that a very large population of animals with lives barely worth living is better than a smaller population of happier humans. Furthermore, the strategies that have been used to avoid the troubling normative implications of the RC do not work in the animal case, so we may have reason to bring about such a population. I introduce the notion of ‘Efficiency of Welfare Production’ – that animals of different species vary in the efficiency with which they convert resources into welfare. If we want to maximize total welfare, without any speciesist bias, we should identify which species is most efficient and try to maximize the population of that species. This has counterintuitive implications whether we accept hedonism or a more sophisticated theory of welfare.
Developmental mechanisms linking deprivation and threat to psychopathology and school outcomes
Authors: Murgueitio Nicolas , Sheridan Margaret A. , Bauer Daniel J. , Propper Cathi B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Decades of evidence have elucidated associations between early adversity and risk for negative outcomes. However, traditional conceptualizations of the biologic embedding of adversity ignore neuroscientific principles which emphasize developmental plasticity. Dimensional models suggest that separate dimensions of experiences shape behavioral development differentially. We hypothesized that deprivation would be associated with higher psychopathology and lower academic achievement through executive function and effortful control, while threat would do so through observed, and parent reported emotional reactivity.

Methods:
In this longitudinal study of 206 mother–child dyads, we test these theories across the first 7 years of life. Threat was measured by the presence of domestic violence, and deprivation by the lack of cognitive stimulation within the parent–child interaction. We used path analyses to test associations between deprivation and threat with psychopathology and school outcomes through cognition and emotional reactivity.

Results:
We show that children who experienced more deprivation showed poor academic achievement through difficulties with executive function, while children who experienced more threat had higher levels of psychopathology through increased emotional reactivity.

Conclusion:
These observations are consistent with work in adolescence and reflect how unique adverse experiences have differential effects on children’s behavior and subsequently long-term outcomes.
Tele-neuropsychology in memory clinic settings: Reliability and usability of videoconference-based neuropsychological testing
Authors: Butterbrod Elke , van den Heuvel Dominique M.J. , Zevenhoven Pia , Waterink Lisa , van Leeuwenstijn Mardou , Jutten Roos J. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Sikkes Sietske A.M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective:Neuropsychological assessment through VideoTeleConferencing (VTC) can help improve access to diagnostic and follow-up care in memory clinics. This study investigated the stability of performance on VTC assessment in relation to in-person assessment using a test-retest design and explored user experiences of VTC assessment.Materials and Methods:Thirty-one patients (62 ± 6.7 years, 45% female, 58% Subjective Cognitive Decline, 42% Mild Cognitive Impairment/dementia diagnosis) were included from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort between August 2020 and February 2021. Patients underwent a face-to-face neuropsychological assessment followed by a VTC assessment using the same test protocol within 4 months. Reliability coefficients were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). For each test, the proportion of clinically relevant differences in performances between assessment modalities was calculated. User experiences of patients and neuropsychologists were assessed with questionnaires (User Satisfaction and Ease of use [USE] questionnaire and System Usability Scale [SUS]). Neuropsychologists also participated in a focus group.Results:ICC values were moderate to excellent (0.63-0.93) for all test measures in the total sample. On all tests, most patients did not show clinically relevant performance differences between modalities. Patients and neuropsychologists reported overall positive VTC system usability, although neuropsychologists indicated in the focus group that patients without cognitive impairment required less training for the system and were more independent.Conclusion:VTC assessment showed adequate to excellent test-retest reliability for a broad range of neuropsychological tests commonly used in practice. Assessment through VTC may be a user friendly method in the memory clinic, especially to monitor individuals at risk for future cognitive decline.
The Role of Acantharia in Southern Ocean Strontium Cycling and Carbon Export: Insights From Dissolved Strontium Concentrations and Seasonal Flux Patterns
Authors: Sun Yaojia , Wynn‐Edwards Cathryn A. , Trull Thomas W. , Ellwood Michael J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDissolved strontium (Sr) concentrations from Southern Ocean water samples and Sr export fluxes from sediment trap moorings at 1,000 m were used to assess particulate organic carbon (POC) export associated with Acantharia for 2010, 2018, and 2020. The dissolved Sr data revealed a prominent vertical gradient with lower surface Sr concentrations depleted up to 1.5% relative to deep waters. A strong latitudinal surface gradient was observed, ranging from 86.8 μmol kg−1 near the northern end to 88.0 μmol kg−1 near the southern end of a transect through the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean. The vertical and latitudinal gradients are associated with celestite (SrSO4) precipitation by Acantharia and subsequent export to depth. Seasonal variability in Sr export fluxes can be large, particularly during intense events in summer, and reaches a maximum of 11.7 mmol Sr m−2 yr−1, contributing up to 7% of the POC export flux. The coincidence of Sr flux with the second peak of POC export flux implies an association of Acantharia biomass with summertime productivity.
Sediment Source Partitioning and Budgeting Over Historical Timescales in a Glacierized, Mountain Catchment
Authors: Turley Mike , Hassan Marwan A. , Zimmermann Andre , Lian Olav 
Published: October 2024

AbstractManaging and living with geohazards is especially challenging in mountain landscapes and requires an understanding of catchment‐scale sediment dynamics and internal system functioning. While sediment budgeting is a valuable framework, challenges remain including partitioning sediment yield by source and grain size and addressing scale issues. This study advances our understanding of bed material dynamics in glacierized mountain catchments by applying a range of complementary techniques to measure sediment transfers in the Fitzsimmons Creek watershed. First, we measured the historical bed material yield using field surveys and historical air photo analysis, revealing an average specific sediment yield of 210 Mg km−2 yr−1, that varied by a factor of 17 over the 76‐year record. Hydro‐meteorological and historical analyses suggest that gravel extraction had the largest impact over the past three decades, while an extreme landslide and flood event produced the highest recorded sediment yield. Second, we constructed a detailed sediment budget along the river system using high‐resolution, multi‐temporal lidar and geomorphic mapping data. Sediment source partitioning indicates that landslide, active channel, and floodplain sources each contributed about one‐third of the total sediment supply. Net degradation occurred along the valley bottom upstream of the fan‐delta, resulting in steadily increasing downstream sediment yield. This trend is punctuated by chronic landsliding near the outlet, driven by postglacial incision through glaciogenic sediments at a hanging valley step. Contemporary glacial and proglacial sources were not measured directly but surprisingly contributed minimally. These findings provide insight into the sediment dynamics of glacierized mountain catchments and their potential controls.
Curbing household food waste and associated climate change impacts in an ageing society
Authors: Shigetomi Yosuke , Ishigami Asuka , Long Yin , Chapman Andrew 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe explored the intricate quantitative structure of household food waste and their corresponding life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from raw materials to retail utilizing a combination of household- and food-related economic statistics and life cycle assessment in Japan. Given Japan’s status as a nation heavily impacted by an aging population, this study estimates these indicators for the six age brackets of Japanese households, showing that per capita food waste increases as the age of the household head increases (from 16.6 for the 20’s and younger group to 46.0 kg/year for 70’s and older in 2015) primarily attributed to the propensity of older households purchase of more fruits and vegetables. Further, the largest life cycle greenhouse gases related to food waste was 90.1 kg-CO2eq/year for those in their 60’s while the smallest was 39.2 kg-CO2eq/year for 20’s and younger. Furthermore, food waste and associated emissions are expected to decline due to future demographic changes imparted by an aging, shrinking population after 2020 until 2040. Specific measures focused on demographic shifts are crucial for Japan and other countries with similar dietary patterns and demographics to achieve related sustainable development goals through suppressing food waste and associated emissions under new dietary regimes.
Calorie restriction increases insulin sensitivity to promote beta cell homeostasis and longevity in mice
Authors: dos Santos Cristiane , Cambraia Amanda , Shrestha Shristi , Cutler Melanie , Cottam Matthew , Perkins Guy , Lev-Ram Varda , Roy Birbickram , Acree Christopher , Kim Keun-Young , Deerinck Thomas , Dean Danielle , Cartailler Jean Philippe , MacDonald Patrick E. , Hetzer Martin , Ellisman Mark , Arrojo e Drigo Rafael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCaloric restriction (CR) can extend the organism life- and health-span by improving glucose homeostasis. How CR affects the structure-function of pancreatic beta cells remains unknown. We used single nucleus transcriptomics to show that CR increases the expression of genes for beta cell identity, protein processing, and organelle homeostasis. Gene regulatory network analysis reveal that CR activates transcription factors important for beta cell identity and homeostasis, while imaging metabolomics demonstrates that beta cells upon CR are more energetically competent. In fact, high-resolution microscopy show that CR reduces beta cell mitophagy to increase mitochondria mass and the potential for ATP generation. However, CR beta cells have impaired adaptive proliferation in response to high fat diet feeding. Finally, we show that long-term CR delays the onset of beta cell aging hallmarks and promotes cell longevity by reducing beta cell turnover. Therefore, CR could be a feasible approach to preserve compromised beta cell structure-function during aging and diabetes.
A compound-target pairs dataset: differences between drugs, clinical candidates and other bioactive compounds
Authors: Heinzke A. Lina , Zdrazil Barbara , Leeson Paul D. , Young Robert J. , Pahl Axel , Waldmann Herbert , Leach Andrew R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProviding a better understanding of what makes a compound a successful drug candidate is crucial for reducing the high attrition rates in drug discovery. Analyses of the differences between active compounds, clinical candidates and drugs require high-quality datasets. However, most datasets of drug discovery programs are not openly available. This work introduces a dataset of compound-target pairs extracted from the open-source bioactivity database ChEMBL (release 32). Compound-target pairs in the dataset either have at least one measured activity or are part of the manually curated set of known interactions in ChEMBL. Known interactions between drugs or clinical candidates and targets are specifically annotated to facilitate analyses of differences between drugs, clinical candidates, and other active compounds. In total, the dataset comprises 614,594 compound-target pairs, 5,109 (3,932) of which are known interactions between drugs (clinical candidates) and targets. The extraction is performed in an automated manner and fully reproducible. We are providing not only the datasets but also the code to rerun the analyses with other ChEMBL releases.
Lake Superior evaporation: A long-term eddy covariance dataset at Stannard Rock Lighthouse (2008–2022)
Authors: Nicholls Erin M. , Spence Christopher , Hedstrom Newell , Lenters John D. , Blanken Peter D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRobust, accurate, and direct measurements of evaporation and related energy fluxes on the Laurentian Great Lakes are necessary to understand the large historical range in water levels, regional climatology, lake hydrodynamics, and lake-effect snowfall, all of which inform water management. Despite the societal and scientific importance of this information, few long-term, full-year, in situ measurements exist due to logistical, financial, and safety-related challenges. We present 15 years (2008–2022) of eddy covariance data from Stannard Rock, a historic lighthouse on Lake Superior located 38 km southeast of Manitou Island and 72 km north of Marquette, Michigan. We provide information about the site and instrumentation, as well as data availability and processing. Analysis of this unique long-term dataset, available through the AmeriFlux network (US-GL1), will improve our ability to understand the drivers and patterns of large-lake surface energy fluxes and will advance predictions of evaporative regimes over Lake Superior.
High expression of CNOT6L contributes to the negative development of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhang Yuna , Liu Guihong , Ding Haiyan , Fan Bingge 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by reduced responsiveness of body cells to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. CNOT6L is involved in glucose metabolism, insulin secretion regulation, pancreatic beta-cell proliferation, and apoptosis. These functions may be closely related to the pathogenesis of T2D. However, the exact molecular mechanisms linking CNOT6L to T2D remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the role of CNOT6L in T2D. Methods: The T2D datasets GSE163980 and GSE26168 profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibusdatabase generated by GPL20115 and GPL6883.The R package limma was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed. Construction and analysis of the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, and comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) analysis were performed. Target Scan was used to screen miRNAs that regulate central DEGs. The results were verified by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blotting (WB), and blood glucose measurements in mice. Results: A total of 1951 DEGs were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the insulin signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction, and PPAR signaling pathway. Metascape analysis indicated enrichment primarily in the cAMP signaling pathway and enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway. WGCNA analysis yielded 50 intersecting genes. PPI network construction and algorithm identification identified two core genes (CNOT6L and GRIN2B), among which CNOT6L gene was associated with multiple miRNAs. CTD analysis revealed associations of core genes with type 2 diabetes, diabetic complications, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and inflammation. WB and RT-qPCR results showed that in different pathways, CNOT6L protein and mRNA levels were upregulated in type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: CNOT6L is highly expressed in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and can cause diabetes complications, inflammation and other physiological processes by regulating miRNA, PPAR and other related signaling pathways, with poor prognosis. CNOT6L can be used as a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
Sustainable production of CO2-derived materials
Authors: Ramirez-Corredores Maria Magdalena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current CO2 emissions scale (Gton) magnitude is 5–6 orders greater than that of utilization (Mton). CO2 utilization should focus on its massive consumption, application of sustainable technologies, low-C energy sources and long-lasting products. CO2 conversion into materials might fulfill these requirements while using C-neutral resources and circularization to avoid waste generation will contribute to achieve sustainability. This article revises reported RD&T on production of CO2-derived materials and circularization approaches.
Breast cancer secretes anti-ferroptotic MUFAs and depends on selenoprotein synthesis for metastasis
Authors: Ackermann Tobias , Shokry Engy , Deshmukh Ruhi , Anand Jayanthi , Galbraith Laura C A , Mitchell Louise , Rodriguez-Blanco Giovanny , Villar Victor H , Sterken Britt Amber , Nixon Colin , Zanivan Sara , Blyth Karen , Sumpton David , Tardito Saverio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe limited availability of therapeutic options for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) contributes to the high rate of metastatic recurrence and poor prognosis. Ferroptosis is a type of cell death caused by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and counteracted by the antioxidant activity of the selenoprotein GPX4. Here, we show that TNBC cells secrete an anti-ferroptotic factor in the extracellular environment when cultured at high cell densities but are primed to ferroptosis when forming colonies at low density. We found that secretion of the anti-ferroptotic factors, identified as monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) containing lipids, and the vulnerability to ferroptosis of single cells depends on the low expression of stearyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) that is proportional to cell density. Finally, we show that the inhibition of Sec-tRNAsec biosynthesis, an essential step for selenoprotein production, causes ferroptosis and impairs the lung seeding of circulating TNBC cells that are no longer protected by the MUFA-rich environment of the primary tumour.
Panoramic radiographic patterns of the infraorbital canal and anterior superior dental plexus
Authors: Scarfe W C , Langlais R P , Ohba T , Kawamata A , Maselle I 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To describe and classify the presentations of the infra-orbital canal/groove (IOC/G) complex and anterior superior dental plexus (ASDP) on panoramic radiographs.

METHODS
The frequency of occurrence and variations in appearance of the IOC/G were determined on 246 random panoramic radiographs. A classification system consisting of Types I, II and III was developed to describe the radiographic patterns of the IOC/G.

RESULTS
Two hundred radiographs (81.3%) demonstrated evidence of the IOG/C. The most frequent appearance of the IOC was Type III (44.75%) closely followed by Type I (42%) and Type II (13.25%), with only minor differences in prevalence between right and left sides. Sixty one percent were bilateral. Radiologic evidence of the ASDP was noted in 29% of radiographs demonstrating an IOG/C with 12% of cases being bilateral. Three distinct radiographic patterns of the anterior superior dental plexus (ASDP) were also observed.

CONCLUSION
A classification of the appearance of the IOC/G and ASDP on panoramic radiographs has been presented.
Measurement of the volume of oral tumors by three-dimensional spiral computed tomography
Authors: Cavalcanti M G , Vannier M W 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To determine the precision and accuracy of in vitro measurements of the volume of oral tumors with three-dimensional (3D) spiral computed tomography (CT) and their precision in vivo.

METHODS
Two simulated tumors made of modelling compound mixed with contrast medium were positioned medial to the mandibles of five cadaver heads and examined with subsecond spiral CT. Two observers delineated the simulated tumors twice in axial, coronal and sagittal views and then measured the volume from multiplanar reconstructed images. The software tools automatically displayed the simulated tumors in 3D-reconstructed images with the volumetric measurements. The simulated tumors were removed and their volume measured by water displacement. The volume of 15 oral tumors associated with the mandible were measured in vivo with the same imaging methods and the precision analysed.

RESULTS
There were no statistically significant differences between or within observers or between imaging and physical measurements in vitro, nor between inter- and intra-observer measurements in vivo (P &gt; 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Volumetric measurements from 3D-reconstructed CT are reliable and accurate in vitro and reliable in vivo. The method is potentially useful for the management of oral neoplasms.
Uncertainty of the white dwarf astrophysical gravitational wave background
Authors: Hofman Sophie , Nelemans Gijs 
Published: October 2024

Context. The astrophysical gravitational wave background (AGWB) is a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) signal emitted by different populations of in-spiralling binary systems containing compact objects throughout the Universe. In the frequency range between 10−4 and 10−1 hertz (Hz), it will be detected by future space-based gravitational wave detectors, such as Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). In a recent work, we concluded that the white dwarf (WD) contribution to the AGWB dominates that of black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs).
Aims. We aim to investigate the uncertainties of the WD AGWB that arise from the use of different stellar metallicities, star formation rate density (SFRD) models, and binary evolution models.
Methods. We used the code we previously developed to determine the WD component of the AGWB. We used a metallicity-dependent SFRD based on an earlier work to construct five different SFRD models. We used four different population models based on a range of common-envelope treatments and six different metallicities for each model.
Results. For all possible combinations, the WD component of the AGWB is dominant over other populations of compact objects. The effects of metallicity and population model are less significant than the effect of a (metallicity dependent) SFRD model. We find a range of about a factor of 5 in the level of the WD AGWB around a value of ΩWD = 4 × 10−12 at 1 mHz and a shape that is weakly dependent on the model.
Conclusions. We find the uncertainty for the WD component of the AGWB to be about a factor of 5. We note that there are other uncertainties that have an effect on this signal as well. We discuss whether the turnover of the WD AGWB at 10 mHz will be detectable by LISA and find it to be likely. We confirm our previous findings asserting that the WD component of the AGWB dominates over other populations, in particular, BHs.