bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collateral transgression of planetary boundaries due to climate engineering by terrestrial carbon dioxide removal
Authors: Heck Vera , Donges Jonathan F. , Lucht Wolfgang 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The planetary boundaries framework provides guidelines for defining thresholds in environmental variables. Their transgression is likely to result in a shift in Earth system functioning away from the relatively stable Holocene state. As the climate system is approaching critical thresholds of atmospheric carbon, several climate engineering methods are discussed, aiming at a reduction of atmospheric carbon concentrations to control the Earth's energy balance. Terrestrial carbon dioxide removal (tCDR) via afforestation or bioenergy production with carbon capture and storage are part of most climate change mitigation scenarios that limit global warming to less than 2 °C. We analyse the co-evolutionary interaction of societal interventions via tCDR and the natural dynamics of the Earth's carbon cycle. Applying a conceptual modelling framework, we analyse how the degree of anticipation of the climate problem and the intensity of tCDR efforts with the aim of staying within a "safe" level of global warming might influence the state of the Earth system with respect to other carbon-related planetary boundaries. Within the scope of our approach, we show that societal management of atmospheric carbon via tCDR can lead to a collateral transgression of the planetary boundary of land system change. Our analysis indicates that the opportunities to remain in a desirable region within carbon-related planetary boundaries only exist for a small range of anticipation levels and depend critically on the underlying emission pathway. While tCDR has the potential to ensure the Earth system's persistence within a carbon-safe operating space under low-emission pathways, it is unlikely to succeed in a business-as-usual scenario.
Distribution, Sorption and Desorption of Tylosin, Chlortetracycline and their Metabolites in Pig Manure
Authors: Singh Ashok K 
Published: October 2016

Effects of pH on sorption, desorption and hysteresis of chlortetracycline (CTCs), tylosin (TYL) and their metabolites have been studied in pig manure samples collected from different pig farms. Approximately 36% of the samples analyzed tested positive (concentration > quantitative detection limit) for the antibiotics and metabolite residues. The degree of contamination depended upon the manure’s pH. The acidic TYL-positive manure samples contained TYL-A and TYL-B, while the basic TYL-positive samples contained TYL-A, TYL-ALD and TYL-D. The CTC-positive manure samples contained mostly CTC, ECTC and ACTC at acidic pH, but mostly CTC, ICTC, EICTC and EACTC at basic pH. For acidic and neutral manure samples, the logKDdes values were greater than the KDs values for TYL-B, TYL-A, TYL-ALD, CTC, ACTC, ECTC and EACTC, indicating sorption-desorption hysteresis. TYL-D, ICTC and EICTC did not exhibit sorption-desorption hysteresis. At acidic and neutral pH, the residues remained solid-bound, but an increase in pH decreased hysteresis, resulting in greater leaching and contamination of the environment. Thus, environmental pH may determine the antibiotics and metabolite leaching in freshwater at or away from the site of production. In addition, analysis of the parent antibiotic residues may not provide an accurate assessment of the environmental health.
Breast and testicular self-examinations in cancer screening: a matter of quaternary prevention?
Authors: Santos José Agostinho 
Published: October 2016

Health care includes important preventive attitudes that are divided into four categories: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Quaternary prevention refers to the avoidance of the implementation of procedures whose benefits are doubtful and damages are unknown or notorious. Counseling for self-examinations in breast and testicular cancer screenings can fall under the purview of quaternary prevention. However, there is a lack of randomized controlled trials that examine the effectiveness and safety of testicular self-examination. Meanwhile, in two large randomized controlled clinical trials, breast self-examination has been proven to cause harm (anxiety and biopsies to detect benign lesions) as a screening method, with no benefit in terms of mortality rates. Healthcare professionals should be aware that the absence of counseling in this context, paradoxically results in the protection of health, especially with reference to breast cancer screening. It is a simple example of how less is more.
Glycinergic signaling in the human nervous system: An overview of therapeutic drug targets and clinical effects
Authors: Schmidt Robert W. , Thompson Meghan L. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Glycine and related endogenous compounds (d-serine, d-alanine, sarcosine) serve critical roles in both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission and are influenced by a multitude of enzymes and transporters, including glycine transporter 1 and 2 (GlyT1 and GlyT2), d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), serine racemase (SRR), alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 1 (Asc-1), and kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT). MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PsychINFO were searched for relevant human trials of compounds. Many studies utilizing exogenous administration of small molecule agonists of the glycineB site of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor have been studied as have a growing number of glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1) inhibitors. The clinical effects of these compounds are reviewed as are the potential effects of newer novel compounds.
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: An emerging differential diagnosis in the psychiatric community
Authors: Nichols Taylor A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a new diagnosis, as recent as 2007, that develops as a result of autoantibodies to the NMDA receptor. The clinical manifestations of the disorder include complex psychiatric symptoms, seizures, movement disorders, cognitive dysfunction, and autonomic instability. Tumor resection, if present, and immunotherapy are the mainstays of therapy. Treatment should be initiated early and aggressively as it has been associated with better patient outcomes. A significant proportion of patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis initially seek the help of a psychiatrist, highlighting the importance of its recognition within the mental health community. In an effort to promote disease awareness, this article will review a patient case and the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.
Mania possibly linked with bupropion for smoking cessation: A case report
Authors: Dwyer Stephanie , Hieber Robin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Bupropion is an antidepressant thought to have a reduced risk of inducing mood switching as compared to other antidepressants. Minimal information is available on the induction of mood shifts when used for smoking cessation. This case describes a 38-year-old female who experienced mania following initiation of bupropion for smoking cessation. After completion of a thorough literature search, this appears to be the first case report describing mania induced by bupropion that was refractory to medications and was resolved with electroconvulsive therapy. This case highlights the need for clinicians to perform thorough histories of patients to avoid missing psychiatric history prior to starting bupropion as well as monitor for changes in mood or behavior after initiation of therapy.
Efficacy of Gamified Digital Mental Health Interventions for Pediatric Mental Health Conditions
Authors: Bryant Barry R. , Sisk Morgan R. , McGuire Joseph F. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceAnxiety, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect up to 20% of children and adolescents. Despite demonstrated efficacy, evidence-based treatments for these conditions are often inaccessible; innovative solutions are essential to meet the demand for pediatric mental health care.ObjectiveTo examine the efficacy and moderators of gamified DMHIs for anxiety, depression, and ADHD in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for children and adolescents.Data SourcesA systematic search of PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science was conducted for RCTs published before March 20, 2024.Study SelectionRCTs that evaluated the efficacy of gamified DMHIs for treating pediatric ADHD, depression, or anxiety were included. Studies were excluded if they did not use a gamified DMHI, provide sufficient data for effect sizes, or were unavailable in English.Data Extraction and SynthesisEfficacy data were extracted from rating scales for ADHD, depression, and anxiety. Extracted moderator variables included participant characteristics (eg, age and sex), intervention characteristics (eg, delivery modality and time limit), and trial design characteristics (eg, outcome measure and risk of bias).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was change in ADHD, depression, or anxiety severity in the treatment group compared to the control group. Hedges g quantified treatment effects.ResultsThe search strategy identified 27 RCTs that included 2911 participants across ADHD, depression, and anxiety disorders. There were modest significant effects of gamified DMHIs on ADHD (g, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.48) and depression (g, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.47) but small, nonsignificant effects for anxiety disorders (g, 0.07; 95% CI, −0.02 to 0.17). Moderator analyses revealed that DMHIs for ADHD delivered on a computer and those RCTs that had a greater preponderance of male participants produced larger treatment effects. DMHIs for depressive disorders that used preset time limits for gamified DMHIs also exhibited larger treatment effects.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings suggest a benefit of gamified DMHIs for youth with ADHD or depressive disorder. Pediatricians and other health care professionals have new information about novel, accessible, and efficacious options for pediatric mental health care.
AI fairness in practice: Paradigm, challenges, and prospects
Authors: Zhang Wenbin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding and correcting algorithmic bias in artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly important, leading to a surge in research on AI fairness within both the AI community and broader society. Traditionally, this research operates within the constrained supervised learning paradigm, assuming the presence of class labels, independent and identically distributed (IID) data, and batch‐based learning necessitating the simultaneous availability of all training data. However, in practice, class labels may be absent due to censoring, data is often represented using non‐IID graph structures that capture connections among individual units, and data can arrive and evolve over time. These prevalent real‐world data representations limit the applicability of existing fairness literature, which typically addresses fairness in static and tabular supervised learning settings. This paper reviews recent advances in AI fairness aimed at bridging these gaps for practical deployment in real‐world scenarios. Additionally, opportunities are envisioned by highlighting the limitations and significant potential for real applications.
Scrambler therapy for treatment of poststroke pain
Authors: Stowell‐Campos Robert , Lawrence Erin , Marsh Elisabeth Breese , Merbach Dawn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveStrokes involving sensory pathways can result in contralesional pain syndromes often refractory to pharmacologic interventions. Scrambler therapy (ST) is a noninvasive electroanalgesia device used to treat pain caused by peripheral neuropathy; however, data are scarce regarding its use in conditions secondary to central nervous system pathology. We evaluate the efficacy of ST to treat poststroke pain.MethodsTwenty patients with a history of prior stroke resulting in contralesional pain were randomized to receive ST or Sham as an adjunct to their stable medication regimen. Participants underwent 5 consecutive daily 40‐min sessions. The study was blinded to patient and assessor. Pain scores (0–10) were recorded at baseline, pre‐ and postsession, and 4 weeks after final treatment. Student's t‐tests compared differences in the mean change in pain score between groups immediately post‐treatment #5, and at 4‐weeks. The chi‐squared analysis compared the proportion of patients in each group with >50% pain reduction.ResultsParticipants randomized to ST had a mean change in pain score of −3.73 (SD 2.85) postintervention and −2.57 (SD 2.07) at 4 weeks, while the Sham group had a mean change in score of −0.94 (SD 1.36) and −0.25 (SD 0.84) (p between groups = 0.012, 0.004, respectively). Significantly more participants treated with ST reported a >50% reduction in pain immediately postintervention compared to Sham (70% vs. 10%, p = 0.006), but not at follow‐up (30% vs. 10%, p = ns).InterpretationST may effectively decrease poststroke pain compared to Sham. Larger studies are needed to evaluate confounders such as stroke location, time from stroke, and concomitant treatment with medications.
Exploring Pain Adaptation in Youth With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Identifying Youth and Parent Resilience Resources and Mechanisms
Authors: Brandelli Yvonne N. , Mackinnon Sean P. , Chambers Christine T. , Parker Jennifer A. , Huber Adam M. , Stinson Jennifer N. , Johnson Shannon A. , Wilson Jennifer P. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveAlthough juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is often associated with pain, this experience does not necessitate negative outcomes (eg, depression, functional impairment). Little research has explored youth and parent resilience resources (ie, stable traits) and mechanisms (ie, dynamic processes) in this context, and studies have focused on their contributions independently rather than collectively. This study, informed by the Ecological Resilience‐Risk Model in Pediatric Chronic Pain, sought to (1) explore the relationships among youth and parent resilience resources and mechanisms and (2) identify the relative importance (RI; ie, independent contributions when entered simultaneously) of evidence‐based youth and parent resources and mechanisms in contributing to youth‐reported recovery, sustainability, and growth outcomes.MethodsYouth (13–18 years) with JIA and their parents (156 dyads) completed a battery of online questionnaires assessing resilience resources (optimism, resilience), mechanisms (psychological flexibility, pain acceptance, self‐efficacy), recovery and sustainability (pain intensity, functional disability, health‐related quality of life), and growth (benefit finding) outcomes.ResultsAnalyses demonstrated significant positive correlations across within‐person resources and mechanisms and weaker correlations across within‐dyad resources and mechanisms. Although the RI of predictors varied by outcome, youth pain acceptance was the most robust predictor across models (RI = 0.03–0.15). Some predictors (eg, parent psychological flexibility and pain acceptance) were generally categorized as “Not Important,” whereas others (eg, youth resilience) had “Inconclusive” results, suggesting construct overlap.ConclusionAlthough additional research is needed to further understand resilience, results highlight the importance of fostering pain acceptance in youth and incorporating parents in psychosocial interventions to optimize living with JIA.
Unraveling Lattice Dislocation‐Driven Energy Band Convergence Mechanism to Enhance Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Seawater
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Chi Jingqi , Cui Tong , Wang Tiantian , Guo Lili , Liu Xiaobin , Lai Jianping , Wu Zexing , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from seawater electrolysis still faces challenges of low reactivity and chloride ions poison at the active sites, leading to reduced efficiency and stability of electrocatalysts. This study presents edge dislocation strategy aimed at inducing lattice strain in ferric oxide through Mo doping, consequently regulating the catalyst's band structure. Through in situ characterizations and DFT analysis, it is confirmed that lattice strain effectively modulates the band structure, intensifies the hybridization between Mo(d)‐Fe(d)‐O(p) orbitals, thereby accelerating the charge transfer rate of HER. Furthermore, band structure modulated by lattice strain enhances water adsorption capacity, reduces the adsorption energy of Cl−, and optimizes the hydrogen adsorption‐free energy (ΔGH*) for HER. Benefiting from above, the optimized 2%‐Mo‐Fe2O3 catalyst demonstrates HER activity and stability in alkaline seawater electrolysis comparable to that of commercial Pt/C. Additionally, the assembled electrolytic cell utilizing an anion exchange membrane (AEM) maintains long‐term stability for >100 h at 500 mA cm−2, showcasing a sustained catalytic effect.
Chameleon‐Inspired, Dipole Moment‐Increasing, Fire‐Retardant Strategies Toward Promoting the Practical Application of Radiative Cooling Materials
Authors: Cai Wei , Qi Liangyuan , Cui Tianyang , Lin Bicheng , Rahman Mohammad Ziaur , Hu Xin , Ming Yang , Chan Ah Pun , Xing Weiyi , Wang De‐Yi , Fei Bin , Fan Jintu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractToward addressing the aesthetic demand, IR emissivity, and fire hazards of radiative cooling materials in the practical application, chameleon‐inspired is tactfully employed, dipole moment‐increasing, and fire‐retardant strategies to manufacture an advanced polyurea‐based composite coating through incorporating thermochromic microcapsules, boron nitride nanosheets, and montmorillonite nanosheets. The chameleon‐inspired thermochromic microcapsules and admirable IR emissivity (supported by the original IR emittance spectra) realized by the increasing dipole moment allow the composite coatings to spontaneously adjust the solar absorption and reflection during hot daytime, while enabling high‐efficiency radiative cooling throughout the day. The IR emissivity higher than most literature is attributed to the strong interfacial interactions within polyurea composite coatings which improve the dipole moment of C─O─C, Si─O, and B─N bonds by increasing the distance between the centers of positive and negative charges, thus producing more IR emissions. Furthermore, the thermally melted montmorillonite nanosheets can form a ceramic protective layer enhanced by boron nitride nanosheets, further suppressing combustion behavior to improve the fire safety performance of polyurea coatings. The integration of thermochromic functionality, high fire safety, and admirable IR emissivity not only contribute to promoting the practical application of radiative cooling materials, but also provide a precious reference route to design high IR emissivity.
High‐Performance, Single‐Component Ambipolar Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Balanced n/p‐Type Properties for Inverter and Biosensor Applications
Authors: Qi Guangyu , Wang Minning , Wang Shijie , Zhang Sen , Teng Xinru , Bai Hairui , Wang Bingjun , Zhao Chao , Su Wenyan , Fan Qunping , Ma Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAmbipolar organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) with a single organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductor (OMIEC) have unique advantages by reducing fabrication complexity and cost in complementary logic circuit and bioelectronic applications. However, the design and synthesis of high‐performance ambipolar OMIECs for efficient transport and coupling both cation/anion and electron/hole remain challenging. Herein, a donor–acceptor (D–A)‐typed ambipolar OMIEC polymer (DHF‐gTT) is presented, whose superior ambipolarity stems from the concurrent oligoethyleneglycol‐functionalized D/A units that facilitates cation/anion injection and transport. Additionally, the fluorination of acceptor unit improves both hole/electron transports due to the fully‐locked backbone and promotes electron injection by down‐shifting molecular energy levels. Consequently, DHF‐gTT‐based OECTs achieve balanced figure‐of‐merit (µC*) for both p‐type and n‐type operations (12.4–14.6 F cm−1 V−1 s−1), setting new benchmarks for ambipolar OECTs, in terms of n‐type µC* and electron/hole mobilities. Such ambipolar OECTs enable the inverter to achieve a record‐high gain (102 V/V) and associated n‐type and p‐type molecular detectors to offer real‐time and highly sensitive detection of histamine and hydrogen peroxide detection, respectively. These results indicate the effectiveness of judicious molecular design on achieving high‐performance ambipolar OMIECs, allowing the state‐of‐the‐art single‐component ambipolar OECTs for both highly integrated logic circuit and bioelectronic applications.
Wear Mechanics of the Female Locust Digging Valves: The “Good Enough” Principle
Authors: Vellwock Andre Eccel , Sonnenreich Shai , Gershon Shmuel , Chang Yin , Bertinetti Luca , Tadayon Maryam , Ayali Amir , Politi Yael , Pinchasik Bat‐El 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdult female desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) dig underground to lay their eggs, ensuring optimal conditions for successful hatching. Digging is performed using the two pairs of oviposition valves at the tip of the female's abdomen. These valves are subjected to considerable shear forces during the repeated digging cycles, potentially leading to wear over time. The resilience of the valves is investigated by analyzing the relationship between digging experience and valve damage and wear throughout the female locust's life. The findings reveal the ability of the valves to withstand the significant shear forces encountered during digging. Despite this resilience, however, perceptible limitations in the valves’ mechanical durability against wear are observed. Toward the end of the female locust's life, the valves show substantial signs of wear, indicating effective performance but with limited longevity, i.e., a designated life span that enables successful oviposition for ca. four oviposition cycles. A comparison of the valve material with that of the animals’ mandibles, which are used continuously throughout their life and show remarkable wear‐resistance, further highlights the evolutionary adaptation of the valve materials to their specific function, suggesting a trade‐off between energetic investment and the sufficient, or “good‐enough”, performance that is required for survival.
Unusually Strong Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence of Highly Transparent Bulk InSe Flakes
Authors: Geng Jamie , Zhang Dehui , Kim Inha , Kim Hyong Min , Higashitarumizu Naoki , Rahman I K M Reaz , Lam Lam , Ager Joel W. , Davydov Albert V. , Krylyuk Sergiy , Javey Ali 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBulk γ‐InSe has a direct bandgap of 1.24 eV, which corresponds to near infrared wavelengths (λ = 1.0 µm) useful in optoelectronic applications from biometric detectors to silicon photonics. However, its potential for optoelectronic applications is largely untapped due in part to the lack of quantitative studies of its optical properties. Here, the unusually low absorptance and high photoluminescence quantum efficiency of single‐crystalline InSe flakes with thickness in the hundreds of nanometers are studied. InSe emits brightly at room temperature from its direct bandgap with a peak photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 20%, despite displaying indirect bandgap like low absorption coefficient due to the symmetry of its crystal structure. By performing pump‐dependent PLQY measurements, the radiative and nonradiative recombination coefficients are extracted, including the Shockley‐Read‐Hall and Auger coefficients. Finally, a proof‐of‐concept alternating current electroluminescent device at low temperature is demonstrated to show the promise of InSe in optoelectronic technology such as highly transparent, bright NIR light sources.