bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive trajectory of patients in the recovery period after ischemic stroke: role of neuroinflammation and structural cerebral factors
Authors: Kulesh A A , Drobakha V E , Kuklina E M , Shestakov V V 
Published: August 2017

Aim. To study the role of neuroinflammation and cerebral structural factors in the development of cognitive impairment in the recovery period of ischemic stroke.
Methods. In 55 patients with ischemic stroke the assessment of global cognitive status in acute and recovery period of ischemic stroke, evaluation of cytokine concentrations (interleukin-1β, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor α) in cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum, as well as a number of MRI morphometric and diffusion tensor parameters were performed.
Results. Predictors of stable cognitive status were low concentration of interleukin-6 and -10 and interleukin-1β and -10 dominance in cerebrospinal fluid, high fractional anisotropy of ipsilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus in the acute phase of stroke. Predictors of positive trend of cognitive status include low level of C-reactive protein, intermediate values of fractional anisotropy of the designated tract, high level of high-density lipoproteins in serum and interleukin-10 in cerebrospinal fluid, codominance of interleukin-1β and -6 in serum and interleukin-10 in cerebrospinal fluid, predominance of interleukin-10 over interleukin-1β in serum, as well as lesser degree of stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. Predominance of interleukin-1β over interleukin-10 in serum, large volume of the brain ventricles, lower values of fractional anisotropy of ipsilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, low level of high-density lipoproteins and greater degree of stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery can be considered as predictors of negative trend of cognitive status.
Conclusion. The trajectory of cognitive status in the recovery period of ischemic stroke is determined by the profile of neuroinflammation in conjunction with microstructural integrity of the ipsilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, as well as severity of atherosclerosis of the carotid artery on the side of stroke, level of high-density lipoproteins and ventricular dilation in the acute period of the disease.
Digital radiography in the diagnosis of coronary calcinosis: capabilitites and perspectives
Authors: Sultanova M Dzh 
Published: August 2017

Aim. To study the capabilities of digital radiography in the diagnosis of coronary calcifications and to perform a comparative analysis of the received results with the results of multidetector computed tomography.
Methods. We analyzed in a comparative aspect the results of examination of 90 patients who underwent both types of diagnostic procedures. Among the patients, 46 were males, 34 were females, the average age was 59±4.3 years, and the age of male patients was significantly higher than that of female patients. Statistical analysis was performed using variational, discriminant, correlation methods, evidence-based medicine methods and ROC-analysis.
Results. A comparative analysis of the results showed that the reason, why coronary calcifications visualized in all arteries at multidetector computed tomography are not visible on digital X-ray, is their decreased firmness, so these calcifications were soft enough. Visualization of calcifications on digital chest X-ray is limited to certain calcium score values, which for anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery is 355, for circumflex branch of the left coronary artery - 385, for right coronary artery - 367, for left main coronary artery - 393, for aortic arch - 396. Coronary calcifications with similar and higher calcium score values can be detected with digital radiography, which allows integrating this method in screening for cardiovascular diseases risk. The sensitivity, specificity and overall value of digital radiography for the detection of coronary calcifications were 59.5±3.3, 85.5±2.9 and 70.0±2.4, respectively.
Conclusion. Detection of coronary calcifications in digital radiography is limited to certain calcium score values; in all coronary arteries at multidetector computed tomography, as the calcium score of coronary calcifications increases, the sensitivity and spesifity of their visualization in digital X-ray examination increase as well.
Perception, Preference and Attitude of Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah Committee toward Islamic Bank in Indonesia
Authors: Yuafi Hamdan , Dhilkhijjah Lailatu , Solikhah Siti 
Published: August 2017

This research is conducted among Islamic non-governmental organizations;those are Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah. This research aims todetermine the perception (X1), preference (X2), and attitude (X3) of Islamicmass organizations or non-governmental organizations in Indonesia towardIslamic Banking and their decision (Y) of using the products of IslamicBanking or Islamic Financial Institutions. We took Branch Board of NahdlatulUlama (PCNU) and the Regional Committee of Muhammadiyyah (PDM)Salatiga as population. The sample in this research is 33 respondents. Thetechniques used are multiple regression analysis and independent sample ttest.Regression result shows that the preference variables have positive and significant effect on customer’s decision variables. While the perceptionand preference variables do not have a positive and significant effect on thedecision in becoming customer. And the adjusted R square or determinationcoefficient valued 0.690, which means that 69.0% of dependent variable(Y) is affected by the independent variable (X), while 31% dependent variable(Y) is influenced by other variables outside the equation. And the last, independent sample t-test shows that there is no significant differencebetween PCNU and PDM Salatiga in their perception, preference, attitudeand decision toward Islamic Banking
Rethinking Language Education in Indonesia
Authors: Umami Maslihatul Umami 
Published: August 2017

Language education in Indonesia may be discussed by over viewing the nature of the three language categories in the country: Indonesian language, indigenous languages, and foreign languages. From the picture of how the three groups of languages work and function, the problem raised in this paper is based on two fundamental assumptions. Language education in this multilingual and multicultural country is not done on the context of literacy, on the one hand, and it is not yet considered important in comparison with that of the subjects related to basic science and technology, on the other. After reviewing a number of models of bilingual education and comparing them with what has been done in Indonesia, a preferred model will be offered. Finally, it will also be suggested that language education in Indonesia should be associated with literacy development in a wider sense. Furthermore, meanwhile language education should be given an adequate room; language teaching should be based on the functional use of the existing languages in the country and should be done in tandem with the teaching of content since content is delivered through the medium of language.
5 and 7 Year Old Childrenwith No English Background RespondToward Parents’ Stimulus Using the Comprehensible Inputs on Direct English Daily Conversations at Home
Authors: Rini Setia 
Published: August 2017

This paper seeks to explorehow the comprehensible inputs are given by mother responded by the children who have no English background and what are the discourse features which aid children’s comprehension and ability to maintain the conversation. This study is conducted in the writer’s home with her sons in order to apply the comprehensible inputs. The results shows that the children ages 5 and 7 years old who have no English background are able to give the responses unless the questions or the stimulus given must be followed by the non verbal language such as gesture and the body movements. In this case, the results can be varied. From the stimulus using the comprehensible inputs, the children are also giving different responses. It can be in the form of non-verbal language such as nodding or by repeating the last word said by their mother. It is suggested that parents should give encouragement to the children and help them in acquiring the second language at home.
The Significance of Introducing Culture in EFL Instruction
Authors: Malihah Noor 
Published: August 2017

EFL students many times made mistakes in using the English expressions and led to misinterpretations or even acceptable message of their utterances. This is due to their lack of cultural awareness or their understanding towards L2 culture. Therefore, EFL teachers should think of how to give position to the L1 and L2 culture in their teaching and learning process of EFL instructions.To solve the problems, there are some approaches used to introduce the target language culture, by knowing the obstacles that the learners frequently made.
Americanization of Non-American Storiesin Disney Films
Authors: Setiawati Beta 
Published: August 2017

The study is intended to know the Disney’s animation films characteristics which are adapted from non American stories that contain Americanization in order to be American popular culture products. This qualitative and library research is carried out within the field of American Studies. Disney’s animated films which are regarded as artifacts in order to identify American society and culture is used as her primary data. She then compares those Disney films with the original stories to discover the changes in making those stories become American popular products. She furthermore uses the sources such as books, magazines, journals, articles, and also internet data for her secondary data. The result of this study shows that most of folk narratives which were used in Disney films were adapted from other countries’ stories. However, Disney intentionally adapts foreign countries’ stories in its animated films by using Disney formula to blow up the sale of its products. Since Disney is one of the most powerful media conglomerates in the world, it works endlessly to set out world entertainment. Disney formula in its animated films which has dominated those adapted films are only intended to obtain as much profit as possible without paying attention to the values in children entertainment.
A Pragmatic Analysis and Sociological Perspective on Pearl S Buck’s The Good Earth
Authors: Santosa Rochmat Budi 
Published: August 2017

This paper observes the struggle for life of East Asia people that was portrayed in the novel The Good Earth. The Good Earth is also portrayal of a true account experienced by its author, Pearl S Buck. She got inspiration from the life of farmer in China. She wrote this novel using the original name as the main character. Those names are Wang Lung and O Lan. They are couple and their life is on farm. The objectives of this study are to find the pragmatic and sociological aspects of the Novel. This research applies content analysis approach to understand the pragmatic and sociological life in Chinese society, especially in the novel. The finding of the study shows that the utterances in the novel reflect various speech acts i.e. expressive, assertive, commisive, persuasive, directive, and phatic. In the sociological aspect, the life of rural people in Chine is somewhat similar with that of in Indonesia. Otherwise, rural people have life style in common i.e. working hard, struggle for life, defending their belonging, and loving the nature.
Politeness Strategies and Levels In Tourism-Service Language in Surakarta Residency
Authors: Purnomo Budi 
Published: August 2017

In tourism industry, tourists act as guests and tourism industry practitioners act as hosts. Typically tourism industry practitioners will try to act politely and follow politeness strategies as well as possible when serving tourists to ensure their satisfaction. Levels of satisfaction could be determined by the politeness of the hosts' behaviour towards their guests, including the politeness levels of their tourism-service language. This research was done in Surakarta Residency, the main tourist destination in Central Java. Data sources of this research came from (1) informants and (2) events. The data were analyzed by Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategies (1987). The results of this research show that the tourism industry practitioners in Surakarta Residency use various politeness strategies and levels in tourism-service language to serve their guests.
Using Rummy Game Method to Improve Students’ Learning Activities and English Dialog
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto 
Published: August 2017

This classroom action research was aimed at improving students’ learning activities and students’ English dialog skills in the state senior high school 3 Salatiga. The research was carried out in the state senior high school 3 Salatiga from January to June 2012. The subject of the research was 38 students of grade XI natural science 2. While the objects of research were rummy game method, students’ learning activities and students’ English dialog skills. This action research was conducted in two cycles. Each consisted of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. In cycle 1, the researcher implemented rummy game method with big groups and ready made cards while in cycle 2, the researcher applied rummy game method with small groups and student designed cards. To collect the data the researcher gave self-assessment test and performance test before the first cycle, after the first cycle, and after the second cycle. The data analysis was done by descriptive comparison namely by comparing scores in the previous condition with those of the first cycle and the second cycle. The research findings revealed that there was significant improvement of average scores in students’ learning activities namely 13.8 % from 56.8 % in the previous condition to 70.6 % in cycle 2 and in students’ English dialog skill namely 5.8 from 72.7 in the previous condition to 78.5 in cycle 2. Hence, hypothesis stating that using rummy game method is able to improve students’ learning activities and English dialog skill in the state senior high school 3 Salatiga grade XI natural science 2 even semester year 2011/2012 is proven right.Keywords: Rummy Game Method; Learning Activities; English Dialog Skill
Descriptive Analysis on Flouting and Hedging of Conversational Maxims in the “Post Grad” Movie
Authors: Rokhmania Nastiti 
Published: August 2017

This research is focused on analyzing flouting and hedging of conversational maxim of utterances used by the main characters in “Post Grad” movie. Conversational maxims are the rules of cooperative principle categorized into four categories; Maxim of Quality, Maxim of Quantity, Maxim of Relevance, and Maxim of Manner. If these maxims are used in conversations, the conversations can go smoothly. However, people often break the maxims overtly (flouting maxim) and sometimes break the maxims secretly (hedging maxims) when they make a conversation. This research is conducted using descriptive qualitative method based on the theory known as Grice’s Maxims. The data are in form of utterances used by the characters in “Post Grad” movie. The data analysis reveals some finding covering the formulated research question. The maxims are flouted when the speaker breaks some conversational maxims when using the utterances in the form of rhetorical strategies, such as tautology, metaphor, hyperbole, irony, and rhetorical question. On the other hand, conversational maxims are also hedged when the information is not totally accurate or unclearly stated but seems informative, well-founded, and relevant.Keywords: Descriptive analysis ; flouting maxims; hedging maxims; Post Grad movie.
The Attitudes of Students from ESL and EFL Countries to English
Authors: Hasbi Muhamad 
Published: August 2017

This research is to study the attitudes of English students from English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) country in English and Foreign Languages University (EFL University), Hyderabad to English. This is a descriptive-quantitative research with a survey method. The attitudes researched include those to listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The data was taken through questionnaireconsisting of 20 questions. The findings of this study showed that the English students in EFL University have neutral-to-positive attitudes to Listening, positive attitudes to Speaking, positive attitudes to Reading, and poor attitudes to Writing. In addition, the English students from ESL country have better attitudes to Reading (positive) and Writing (neutral)and those from EFL country have better attitudes to Speaking (neutral-topositive)and Listening (neutral-to-positive). Keywords: Attitudes; English as Second language (ESL); English as Foreign Language (EFL).
Developing Written News Item Text Materials for the Tenth Graders of Senior High School
Authors: Muryati Sri 
Published: August 2017

School Based Curriculum or ―Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan” (KTSP) 2008 requires teaching and learning activities that should be active, innovative, creative, enjoyable, cheerful and qualified. In order to share or help teachers, this Research and Development (R&D) research was conducted that may inspire them in developing teaching and learning materials for the expected class. The scope of this study is developing written news item text materials for the ten graders of senior high school so that the students are able to create a simple short news item texts which are classified into four kinds: straight, interpretative, investigative and color news stories. The method used was adapted and adjusted from Hyland‘s Model of material development. The process started from doing a survey, followed by developing materials, having experts and teachers validation, doing first revision, trying out, writing second revision, and producing final result. The try out resulted student average score 76,14 that means the students achieved 79,55 % above minimum national learning mastery, 75. This study focuses on the written news item texts from the 3 sources, namely newspapers, magazine and internet. Since the three sources are available in one source, the internet, the final product is entitled ―3 News in 1‖ accompanied by Interactive Self-study VCD‘. Keywords: R&D; News item texts; teaching & Learning materials.
Students’ Perceptions toward a Conversational Class Taught By Foreigner Counterpart
Authors: Inayah Nurul 
Published: August 2017

This research is aimed at knowing what the students‘ perception of having taught by foreigner counterpart (native speaker of English) in a conversational class. Besides elaborating the students‘ perception which affects how they act and behave during the teaching and learning process, this research also wants to explore the students‘ difficulties and strategies in facing the foreigner‘s class. Then, the students‘ expectation of an ideal conversational class is also important to be investigated in order to conduct a better one in the future. Since this research explores the students‘ perception which come from the students‘ experience, qualitative approach is considered as an appropriate research design. Then the result of this research is presented descriptively in order to reveal the students‘ perception comprehensively. The findings of this research show that most of the students give high appreciation with the presence of foreigner. In fact, the personality of the foreigner as a teacher is also very important to be highlighted since it gives significant influence on students‘ perception. The personality and skill in classroom management become reasons for the other students who do not like the foreigner. Then, the cross cultural understanding and the ability to communicate in English is the students‘ main difficulty that hinders their teaching and learning process. Keywords: perception; conversational class; Foreign conterparts
Enhancing Students’ Speaking Through the Process of Performing Drama
Authors: Anggraini Dian 
Published: August 2017

An action research has always been interesting thing for teacher because the root of it is taken from their own problems. This study is a self reflection of a problem that is faced by the researcher. It focuses on a certain activity in a certain class and at a certain period of time. Questionnaires, interview sheet, observation sheet, students’ worksheets, and teacher’s lesson plans serve as data resources. The result shows a significant increase in the students score. However, there is variation on the general result. Keywords:collaborative learning; drama ; motivation
The Use of a Write-Pair-Square Strategy to Improve The Students’ Active Participation in Writing Descriptive Text
Authors: Siti Margiyanti Dwi Arni 
Published: August 2017

Many problems faced by students in participating in the classroom and writing a text. This study discussed the use of write-pair-square strategy to improve the students’ active participation in writing descriptive text. The objectives of the study are to find out the implementation of write-pair-square in teaching descriptive text and to investigate the improvement of students’ participation and writing achievement after being taught by using write-pair-square strategy. The research focused on teaching of descriptive text by using write-pair-square as the strategy. The subjects are SMA Kesatrian 2 Semarang students. This study used Classroom Action Research that was carried out through a pre-test, first and second cycle activities. The result showed that the students’ progress of participation improved. The average score of pre-test was 11.27, post-test 1 was 20.13, and post-test 2 was 30.24. It also showed that students’ mastering descriptive improved. The average achievement of students’ pretest was63.27, First cycle test was70.23and post test was 77.66. According to this study, I conclude that teaching descriptive text by using write-pair-square as the strategy is helpful for students. It is recommended for English teachers to use Write-pair-square as the strategy for students’ improvement of their writing skill. Keywords: Teaching Descriptive Text; Write-Pair-Square; Active Participation
Using Realia to Teach Physically Disabled Students in Writing Descriptive Texts
Authors: M. Zain Noorma Fitriana 
Published: August 2017

This case study is focused on teaching descriptive texts by using realia. The writer took the 8th grade students of SMPLB Negeri Ungaran as the subjects of the study. The aim of this research is to know the implementation of teaching descriptive texts that cover parts, qualities, and characteristics of the objects. This study was carried out around four meetings. In each meeting, the researcher observed the situation of the class and the setudents’ activities in that classroom. The data collection method used in the research was observation, interview, and documentation. In implementating the research, the researcher found several problems and difficulties in teaching learning processes. One of them is that, the teaching physically disabled students are not easy. It has to be slowly because the students’ ability in writing the lesson is limited. The other problem comes from the teacher him/herself that never uses media or tools to teach physically disabled students. It is a matter of fact that teaching physically disabled students needs media to make them easily understand the learning materials. One of the media that could be used is realia. From this research it is expected that the problems could be solved and a new paradigm in teaching descriptive texts for disabled students could be considered.Keywords : Descriptive Texts; Physically Disabled Students; Realia