bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield frequency spectra and seismic design of code‐compatible RC structures: an illustrative example
Authors: Katsanos Evangelos I. , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe seismic design of an eight‐story reinforced concrete space frame building is undertaken using a yield frequency spectra (YFS) performance‐based approach. YFS offer a visual representation of the entire range of a system's performance in terms of the mean annual frequency (MAF) of exceeding arbitrary global ductility or displacement levels versus the base shear strength. As such, the YFS framework can establish the required base shear and corresponding first‐mode period to satisfy arbitrary performance objectives for any structure that may be approximated by a single‐degree‐of‐freedom system with given yield displacement and capacity curve shape. For the eight‐story case study building, deformation checking is the governing limit state. A conventional code‐based design was performed using seismic intensities tied to the desired MAF for safety checking. Then, the YFS‐based approach was employed to redesign the resulting structure working backwards from the desired MAF of response (rather than intensity) to estimate an appropriate value of seismic intensity for use within a typical engineering design process. For this high‐seismicity and high‐importance midrise building, a stiffer system with higher base shear strength was thus derived. Moreover, performance assessment via incremental dynamic analysis showed that while the code‐design did not meet the required performance objective, the YFS‐based redesign needed only pushover analysis results to offer a near‐optimal design outcome. The rapid convergence of the method in a single design/analysis iteration emphasized its efficiency and practicability as a design aid for practical application. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Prevalence of Past 12‐Month and Lifetime DSM‐IV Eating Disorders by BMI Category in US Men and Women
Authors: Duncan Alexis E. , Ziobrowski Hannah N. , Nicol Ginger 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to determine whether the prevalence of lifetime and past 12‐month DSM‐IV eating disorders (ED) diagnoses differed by body mass index category among men and women in a general population sample.MethodsData from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (n = 12 337 adults) were analysed using logistic regression. Analyses were conducted separately by gender.ResultsLifetime ED prevalence was 2.22% in men and 4.93% in women. In both genders, the prevalence of any lifetime and past 12‐month ED, binge eating disorder and recurrent binge eating was highest among obese individuals. Among obese men and women, lifetime and past 12‐month ED prevalence was highest among those with class III obesity.ConclusionEating disorders were most prevalent among high‐weight individuals. This information is important for planning targeted public health ED and obesity prevention and intervention activities, as well as for informing the clinical care of obese individuals. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Species-specific and structure-dependent debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ether in fish by in vitro hepatic metabolism
Authors: Luo Yuan-Lai , Luo Xiao-Jun , Ye Mei-Xia , Zeng Yan-Hong , Chen She-Jun , Mai Bi-Xian 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

To explore the cause of species-specific differences and structure–activity relationships in the debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in fish, a series of in vitro measurements of hepatic metabolism of PBDE were made using crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and catfish (Silurus asotus) and the activity of deiodinase in liver microsomes was measured. Debromination was observed in the crucian carp but not in the catfish. No difference was found in total deiodinase activity despite the activity of type 1 deiodinase in crucian carp being twice that of catfish. It is difficult to determine whether the differences in deiodinase activity were responsible for the species-specific differences observed. In crucian carp, penta-brominated diphenyl ether congeners exhibited the highest debromination rates, and the transformation rate decreased with an increasing number of substituted bromines. Adjacent bromine substitution in the phenyl ring was a necessary, but insufficient, condition for debromination in crucian carp. Doubly flanked bromine was always preferentially removed, while single-flanked bromine, meta-substituted bromine, was debrominated the most, followed by para- and then ortho-bromine. No debromination was observed for single-flanked bromine when there was a symmetrical structure with (2, 4, 6) bromine substitutions in 1 phenyl ring, indicating that this structure can improve resistance to debromination metabolism. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2005–2011. © 2017 SETAC
Theory of Amyloid Fibril Nucleation from Folded Proteins
Authors: Zhang Lingyun , Schmit Jeremy D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present a theoretical model for the nucleation of amyloid fibrils. In our model, we use helix‐coil theory to describe the equilibrium between a soluble native state and an aggregation‐prone unfolded state. We then extend the theory to include oligomers with β‐sheet cores, and calculate the free energy of these states using estimates for the energies of H‐bonds, steric‐zipper interactions, and the conformational entropy cost of forming secondary structure. We find that states with fewer than ∼10 β‐strands are unstable, relative to the dissociated state, and three β‐strands is the highest free‐energy state. We then use a modified version of classical nucleation theory to compute the nucleation rate of fibrils from a supersaturated solution of monomers, dimers, and trimers. The nucleation rate has a nonmonotonic dependence on denaturant concentration, reflecting the competing effects of destabilizing the fibril and increasing the concentration of unfolded monomers. We estimate heterogeneous nucleation rates, and discuss the application of our model to secondary nucleation.
Differential standard deviation of log‐scale intensity based optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Shi Weisong , Gao Wanrong , Chen Chaoliang , Yang Victor X. D. 
Published: January 2017

In this paper, a differential standard deviation of log‐scale intensity (DSDLI) based optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is presented for calculating microvascular images of human skin. The DSDLI algorithm calculates the variance in difference images of two consecutive log‐scale intensity based structural images from the same position along depth direction to contrast blood flow. The en face microvascular images were then generated by calculating the standard deviation of the differential log‐scale intensities within the specific depth range, resulting in an improvement in spatial resolution and SNR in microvascular images compared to speckle variance OCT and power intensity differential method. The performance of DSDLI was testified by both phantom and in vivo experiments. In in vivo experiments, a self‐adaptive sub‐pixel image registration algorithm was performed to remove the bulk motion noise, where 2D Fourier transform was utilized to generate new images with spatial interval equal to half of the distance between two pixels in both fast‐scanning and depth directions. The SNRs of signals of flowing particles are improved by 7.3 dB and 6.8 dB on average in phantom and in vivo experiments, respectively, while the average spatial resolution of images of in vivo blood vessels is increased by 21%.
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Low Testosterone, but Not Estradiol, Is Associated With Incident Falls in Older Men: The International MrOS Study
Authors: Vandenput Liesbeth , Mellström Dan , Laughlin Gail A , Cawthon Peggy M , Cauley Jane A , Hoffman Andrew R , Karlsson Magnus K , Rosengren Björn E , Ljunggren Östen , Nethander Maria , Eriksson Anna L , Lorentzon Mattias , Leung Jason , Kwok Timothy , Orwoll Eric S , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTFracture risk is determined by bone strength and the risk of falls. The relationship between serum sex steroids and bone strength parameters in men is well known, whereas the predictive value of sex steroids for falls is less studied. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between serum testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) and the likelihood of falls. Older men (aged ≥65 years) from the United States (n = 1919), Sweden (n = 2495), and Hong Kong (n = 1469) participating in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study had baseline T and E2 analyzed by mass spectrometry. Bioavailable (Bio) levels were calculated using mass action equations. Incident falls were ascertained every 4 months during a mean follow‐up of 5.7 years. Associations between sex steroids and falls were estimated by generalized estimating equations. Fall rate was highest in the US and lowest in Hong Kong (US 0.50, Sweden 0.31, Hong Kong 0.12 fall reports/person/year). In the combined cohort of 5883 men, total T (odds ratio [OR] per SD increase = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86–0.91) and BioT (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.83–0.88) were associated with incident falls in models adjusted for age and prevalent falls. These associations were only slightly attenuated after simultaneous adjustment for physical performance variables (total T: OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.91–0.96; BioT: OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.89–0.94). E2, BioE2, and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) were not significantly associated with falls. Analyses in the individual cohorts showed that both total T and BioT were associated with falls in MrOS US and Sweden. No association was found in MrOS Hong Kong, and this may be attributable to environmental factors rather than ethnic differences because total T and BioT predicted falls in MrOS US Asians. In conclusion, low total T and BioT levels, but not E2 or SHBG, are associated with increased falls in older men. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent advances in the production of γ‐valerolactone from biomass‐derived feedstocks via heterogeneous catalytic transfer hydrogenation
Authors: Osatiashtiani Amin , Lee Adam F , Wilson Karen 
Published: January 2017

Abstractγ‐valerolactone (GVL) is an important intermediate chemical with a wide range of applications as fuel, fuel additive and as a green solvent which has received a great deal of attentions from both academia and industry. This review aims to summarise the advances in conversion of renewable feedstocks into GVL through heterogeneous catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) with a strong emphasis on discussing preparation, characterisation and performance of the catalysts in order to provide a better understanding of various catalytic systems and also to compare them in terms of catalytic performance. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Wheat yield in Spain and associated solar radiation patterns
Authors: Hernández‐Barrera Sara , Rodríguez‐Puebla Concepción 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTClimate variability and change can have important impacts for crop production. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate projections of the wheat yield in an increasingly warm climate. To address our objectives, we determined relationships between wheat yield in Spain and large‐scale variables. Partial least squares regression was applied to determine the modes of the climate variables that drive wheat‐yield variability, revealing a significant influence of surface solar radiation. Based on seasonal patterns of solar radiation, we determine models to estimate inter‐annual wheat‐yield variability. We find that the performance of the models based on solar radiation is better than that of earlier studies based on temperatures and precipitation variables. In this way, we use simulations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to project wheat‐yield trend under warming climate by implementing direct statistical downscaling. The expected range of projected wheat yield trend for 21st century indicates decreases of about 6–8% across Spain. The suggested models could be applied for adaptation and planning.
Glucose homeostasis influences the risk of incident knee osteoarthritis: Data from the osteoarthritis initiative
Authors: Driban Jeffrey B. , Eaton Charles B. , Amin Mamta , Stout Alina C. , Price Lori Lyn , Lu Bing , Lo Grace H. , McAlindon Timothy E. , Barbe Mary F. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTWe aimed to determine if serum measures of impaired glucose homeostasis (glucose concentrations or glycated serum protein, GSP) or systemic inflammation (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, CRP) are related to incident typical knee osteoarthritis (KOA) or incident accelerated KOA. We conducted a case‐control study using the Osteoarthritis Initiative's baseline and first four annual visits. All participants had no radiographic KOA at baseline (Kellgren‐Lawrence [KL] < 2). We classified three groups: (i) incident accelerated KOA: >1 knee developed advance‐stage KOA (KL Grade 3 or 4) within 48 months; (ii) incident typical KOA: > 1 knee increased in radiographic scoring within 48 months (excluding those with accelerated KOA); and (iii) No KOA: no change in KL grade by 48 months. We matched on sex. A laboratory blinded to group assignment used baseline serum samples to conduct assays for CRP, GSP, and glucose. Due to nonlinear relationships, we used three piece‐wise multinomial logistic regression models to determine if baseline CRP, GSP, or glucose were associated with incident typical KOA or accelerated KOA compared with no KOA. We adjusted for age, body mass index, and sex. We analyzed 54 adults/group. Lower and higher GSP concentrations were associated with incident typical KOA compared with adults with concentrations (log) closer to 5.7 (lnGSp < 5.7: OR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.08–0.93; lnGSp > 5.7: OR = 3.21, 95%CI = 1.07–9.62). Glucose, GSP, and CRP were not significantly associated with incident accelerated KOA. Glucose homeostasis may predict individuals at risk of incident typical KOA but not accelerated KOA, which may indicate accelerated KOA is a distinct disorder from typical KOA. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2282–2287, 2017.
Nutritional value and antioxidant content of seed‐containing and seedless eggplant fruits of two cultivars grown under protected cultivation during autumn–winter and spring–summer
Authors: Makrogianni Despoina I , Tsistraki Anastasia , Karapanos Ioannis C , Passam Harold C 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDDue to their low carbohydrate and high antioxidant content, eggplants are beneficial for the human diet. At <15 °C, pollen production and fertility are reduced and plant‐growth regulators may be used to set seedless fruit. Because only the agronomic effects of hormone are well‐documented, we investigated the composition and metabolism during the development/maturation of seed‐containing and seedless fruits of two cultivars grown over two seasons.RESULTSThe respiration rate of both seedless and seed‐containing fruit decreased with development and maturation. In seedless fruit, starch content decreased at market maturity, whereas in seed‐containing fruit starch increased. Respiration and starch were higher in spring–summer than in autumn–winter. Disaccharides were highest at market maturity, with sucrose generally higher in seed‐containing fruit; monosaccharides were variable and protein content was reduced in seedless fruit. Phenols closely correlated with antioxidant activity and decreased with development; at market maturity in spring–summer phenols were higher in seedless fruit (Tsakoniki) or unaffected (Emi). Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities were mostly higher in seed‐containing fruit, but browning was higher in seedless fruit.CONCLUSIONSNotwithstanding reduced protein and increased browning, seedless fruit at market maturity presented less starch, hence fewer calories, and more antioxidants (phenols) for the human diet than the corresponding seed‐containing fruit. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of vegetable–faba bean (Vicia faba L.) intercropping under Latvian agro‐ecological conditions
Authors: Lepse Līga , Dane Sandra , Zeipiņa Solvita , Domínguez‐Perles Raul , Rosa Eduardo AS 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDMonoculture is used mostly in conventional agriculture, where a single crop is cultivated on the same land for a period of at least 12 months. In an organic and integrated growing approach, more attention is paid to plant–environment interactions and, as a result, diverse growing systems applying intercropping, catch crops, and green manure are being implemented. Thus, field experiments for evaluation of vegetable/faba bean full intercropping efficiency, in terms of vegetable and faba bean yield and protein content, were set up during two consecutive growing seasons (2014 and 2015).RESULTSData obtained showed that the most efficient intercropping variants were cabbage/faba bean (cabbage yield 1.27–2.91 kg m−2, immature faba bean pods 0.20–0.43 kg m−2) and carrot/faba bean (carrot yield 1.67–2.28 kg m−2, immature faba bean pods 0.10–0.52 kg m−2), whilst onion and faba bean intercrop is not recommended for vegetable growing since it induces a very low onion yield (0.66–1.09 kg m−2), although the highest immature faba bean pod yield was found in the onion/faba bean intercropping scheme (up to 0.56 kg m−2).CONCLUSIONVegetable/faba bean intercropping can be used in practical horticulture for carrot and cabbage growing in order to ensure sustainable farming and environmentally friendly horticultural production. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Automatic identification of parathyroid in optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Hou Fang , Yu Yang , Liang Yanmei 
Published: January 2017

Background and ObjectiveThe identification and preservation of parathyroid is a major problem in thyroid surgery. In order to solve this problem, optical coherence tomography was involved as a real‐time, non‐invasive high‐resolution imaging technique. This study demonstrated an effective and fast method to distinguish parathyroid tissue from thyroid, lymph node, and adipose tissue in their ex vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) images automatically.MethodsOCT images were obtained from parathyroid, thyroid, lymph node, and adipose tissue, respectively. A classification and an identification system based on texture features analysis and back propagation artificial neural network (BP‐ANN) were established to classify the four types of tissue and identify each of the four types automatically.ResultsA total of 248 OCT images were taken from 16 patients undergoing thyroidectomy. The accuracy of classification for parathyroid, thyroid, lymph node, and adipose were 99.21, 98.43, 97.65, and 98.43%, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed automatic identification method is capable of distinguishing among parathyroid, thyroid, lymph, and adipose automatically and effectively. Compared with the identification results of human, it has a better accuracy and reliability. For identifying parathyroid from the other entities, it has a satisfying performance. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:305–311, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lifelong intake of flaxseed or menhaden oil to provide varying n‐6 to n‐3 PUFA ratios modulate bone microarchitecture during growth, but not after OVX in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Longo Amanda B. , Sullivan Philip J. , Peters Sandra J. , LeBlanc Paul J. , Wohl Gregory R. , Ward Wendy E. 
Published: January 2017

ScopeSkeletal health is a lifelong process impacted by environmental factors, including nutrient intake. The n‐3 source and PUFA ratio affect bone health in growing rats, or following ovariectomy (OVX), but no study has investigated the longitudinal effect of PUFA‐supplementation throughout these periods of bone development.Methods and resultsOne‐month‐old, Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 98) were randomized to receive one of four diets from 1 through 6 months of age. Diets were modified from AIN‐93G to contain a varying amount and source of n‐3 (flaxseed versus menhaden oil) to provide an n‐6 to n‐3 ratio of 10:1 or 5:1. At 3 (prior to SHAM or OVX) and 6 months of age, bone microarchitecture of the tibia was quantified using in vivo micro‐computed tomography (SkyScan 1176, Bruker microCT). Providing 5:1 (flaxseed) resulted in lower trabecular thickness and medullary area and greater cortical area fraction during growth compared to diets with a 10:1 PUFA ratio, but many of these differences were not apparent following OVX.ConclusionPUFA‐supplementation at levels attainable in human diet modulates some bone structure outcomes during periods of growth, but is not an adequate strategy for the prevention of OVX‐induced bone loss in rats
Weighted averaging in spectroscopic studies improves statistical power
Authors: Miller Jack J. , Cochlin Lowri , Clarke Kieran , Tyler Damian J. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeIn vivo MRS is often characterized by a spectral signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) that varies highly between experiments. A common design for spectroscopic studies is to compare the ratio of two spectral peak amplitudes between groups, e.g. individual PCr/γ‐ATP ratios in31P‐MRS. The uncertainty on this ratio is often neglected. We wished to explore this assumption.TheoryThe canonical theory for the propagation of uncertainty on the ratio of two spectral peaks and its incorporation in the Frequentist hypothesis testing framework by weighted averaging is presented.MethodsTwo retrospective re‐analyses of studies comparing spectral peak ratios and one prospective simulation were performed using both the weighted and unweighted methods.ResultsIt was found that propagating uncertainty correctly improved statistical power in all cases considered, which could be used to reduce the number of subjects required to perform an MR study.ConclusionThe variability of in vivo spectroscopy data is often accounted for by requiring it to meet an SNR threshold. A theoretically sound propagation of the variable uncertainty caused by quantifying spectra of differing SNR is therefore likely to improve the power of in vivo spectroscopy studies. Magn Reson Med 78:2082–2094, 2017. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of theCreative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Consistent and stable meshfree Galerkin methods using the virtual element decomposition
Authors: Ortiz‐Bernardin A. , Russo A. , Sukumar N. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryOver the past two decades, meshfree methods have undergone significant development as a numerical tool to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). In contrast to finite elements, the basis functions in meshfree methods are smooth (nonpolynomial functions), and they do not rely on an underlying mesh structure for their construction. These features render meshfree methods to be particularly appealing for higher‐order PDEs and for large deformation simulations of solid continua. However, a deficiency that still persists in meshfree Galerkin methods is the inaccuracies in numerical integration, which affects the consistency and stability of the method. Several previous contributions have tackled the issue of integration errors with an eye on consistency, but without explicitly ensuring stability. In this paper, we draw on the recently proposed virtual element method, to present a formulation that guarantees both the consistency and stability of the approximate bilinear form. We adopt maximum‐entropy meshfree basis functions, but other meshfree basis functions can also be used within this framework. Numerical results for several two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional elliptic (Poisson and linear elastostatic) boundary‐value problems that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed formulation are presented. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.