bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the strain of inter-personal relationships on employees
Authors: Robson Julie , Sekhon Yasmin , Ning Haomin Simon 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
Using role theory, this paper aims to focus on business-to-business inter-personal relationships and the strain such relationships can have on the individual. How is this strain expressed, and what are the implications for the future of these relationships?

Design/methodology/approach
Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted with experienced account managers. The relationship under scrutiny was the inter-personal relationship that exists between the account managers of UK insurance brokers and their business customers.

Findings
The study found account managers use a range of resources to support their inter-personal relationships. Where there was a mismatch in the perception of relationship closeness, this did result in role strain for the account managers. In particular, resentment was expressed over time being taken from their working day and their personal life and the impact this had on their work–life balance.

Practical implications
Identification and an understanding of role strain in inter-personal relationships enables firms to provide support, guidance and training to their employees on how best to manage such relationships. Identifying when and in what ways strain can occur enables firms to identify and take steps to avoid relationship disintegration.

Originality/value
This is one of a few papers to provide empirical evidence of the role strain in inter-personal relationship from an individual employee’s perspective. Identification of the personal resources used in inter-personal relationships may prove useful for other researchers working in this under-researched area. In addition, the in-depth interviews highlighted the often overlooked subtleties within relationships and issues that can trigger relationship strain.
Second-class, cash strapped, antiquated institutions
Authors: Waymer Damion , Street Joshua 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine The Chronicle of Higher Education, a leading site for higher education news and politics, and its representation of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs).

Design/methodology/approach
Frames are strong discursive tools that can help social actors achieve the following: define and solve problems, shape public opinion, increase the productivity of interpersonal negotiations and “serve as a foundation of public discourse, such as negotiation, on a mass-communication level”. As such, this research is guided by both higher education literature of HBCUs and media framing theories and methods in an attempt to identify potential problems and opportunities for improvement of the presentation of HBCUs nationally in the USA.

Findings
This study reveals that when the frames are viewed in concert-funding challenges at HBCUs, status differential between predominantly white institutions vs HBCUs, questionable leadership practices at HBCUs and achievement success, what one sees is an unflattering picture depicted in the Chronicle of Higher Education of HBCUs, as second-hand universities that are poorly managed, outdated and are a drain on the economy. Any one of these themes, alone, is not problematic, but when taken as a whole, their entirety represents a troubling picture – one that is inaccurate because HBCUs have and continue to serve an important role in society: educating African Americans.

Originality/value
This paper concludes with pragmatic implications of the negative findings about HBCUs as well as discusses tactics proponents HBCUs should use to combat the negative depictions.
Effect of calcium and vitamin D2 fortification on quality characteristics of dahi
Authors: Kaushik Ravinder , Sachdeva Bhawana , Arora Sumit 
Published: October 2016

Two levels (500 and 600 ppm) of calcium (calcium phosphate and calcium citrate) along with vitamin D2 (600 IU/L) were fortified in milk for dahi preparation. pH, water‐holding capacity and syneresis of fortified dahi were not affected significantly (P > 0.05). However, acetaldehyde content decreased and setting time increased upon fortification. Microbial count significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in calcium phosphate‐fortified dahi, whereas no difference was observed in calcium citrate‐fortified dahi. Firmness and viscosity decreased in calcium phosphate‐fortified dahi, whereas it increased in calcium citrate‐fortified dahi as compared to control. All dahi samples showed good sensory acceptability.
Testing the Replicability of a Successful Care Management Program: Results from a Randomized Trial and Likely Explanations for Why Impacts Did Not Replicate
Authors: Peterson G. Greg , Zurovac Jelena , Brown Randall S. , Coburn Kenneth D. , Markovich Patricia A. , Marcantonio Sherry A. , Clark William D. , Mutti Anne , Stepanczuk Cara 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo test whether a care management program could replicate its success in an earlier trial and determine likely explanations for why it did not.Data Sources/SettingMedicare claims and nurse contact data for Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries with chronic illnesses enrolled in the trial in eastern Pennsylvania (N = 483).Study DesignA randomized trial with half of enrollees receiving intensive care management services and half receiving usual care. We developed and tested hypotheses for why impacts declined.Data ExtractionAll outcomes and covariates were derived from claims and the nurse contact data.Principal FindingsFrom 2010 to 2014, the program did not reduce hospitalizations or generate Medicare savings to offset program fees that averaged $260 per beneficiary per month. These estimates are statistically different (p < .05) from the large reductions in hospitalizations and spending in the first trial (2002–2010). The treatment–control differences in the second trial disappeared because the control group's risk‐adjusted hospitalization rate improved, not because the treatment group's outcomes worsened.ConclusionEven if demonstrated in a randomized trial, successful results from one test may not replicate in other settings or time periods. Assessing whether gaps in care that the original program filled exist in other settings can help identify where earlier success is likely to replicate.
Composition, Taste, Aroma, and Antioxidant Activity of Solidified Noncentrifugal Brown Sugars Prepared from Whole Stalk and Separated Pith of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Takahashi Makoto , Ishmael Mutanda , Asikin Yonathan , Hirose Naoto , Mizu Masami , Shikanai Takesi , Tamaki Hajime , Wada Koji 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this study, 2 types of solidified noncentrifugal brown sugars (W‐NCS and P‐NCS) were prepared from the whole stalk and separated pith, respectively, of raw sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). These products were discriminated in terms of their quality attributes, including color, sugars and minerals composition, taste, aroma, and antioxidant activity. The brown color of P‐NCS was clearly different compared with that of W‐NCS with a color difference value (ΔE*) of 9.36. There was no difference in the sugars and minerals composition between the 2 types of sugar, which led to very similar taste profiles. However, P‐NCS had a weaker aroma intensity than W‐NCS did. Moreover, P‐NCS retained more than 60% of the antioxidant activity of W‐NCS. The information gleaned from this study might be used to select appropriate end‐uses for these 2 types of sugars.
Intestinal fatty acid binding protein Ala54Thr polymorphism is associated with peripheral atherosclerosis combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Khattab Salma A. , Abo‐Elmatty Dina M. , Ghattas Maivel H. , Mesbah Noha M. , Mehanna Eman T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal fatty acid‐binding protein 2 (FABP2) is expressed in enterocytes and binds saturated and unsaturated long‐chain fatty acids. The
FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism has been reported to effect lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between this polymorphism and peripheral atherosclerosis combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in an Egyptian population.MethodsThe study was performed on 100 T2DM patients with peripheral atherosclerosis and 100 control subjects. The Ala54Thr polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism, whereas serum FABP2 levels were determined using ELISA. Fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin concentrations, HbA1c, lipid profile, body mass index (BMI) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) were determined.ResultsThere was a higher frequency of the Thr54 allele among the patient group (P = 0.002). In Ala54/Thr54 heterozygotes and carriers of the rare Thr54/Thr54 genotype, there were significant increases in BMI and FABP2. Those with the Thr54/Thr54 genotype had significantly decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentrations; in addition, those with the Thr54/Thr54 genotype had significantly higher SBP and DBP than subjects with the Ala54/Ala54 and Ala54/Thr54 genotypes. There was a positive correlation between FABP2 levels and BMI, SBP and DBP, and a negative correlation with HDL‐C.ConclusionsThe Thr54 allele of the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism was associated with an increased incidence of peripheral atherosclerosis combined with T2DM in the population studied.
Diabetes mellitus prevalence is increasing in South Asians but is stable in Chinese living in Singapore and Mauritius
Authors: Tan Kristin H.X. , Barr Elizabeth L.M. , Koshkina Vira , Ma Stefan , Kowlessur Sudhir , Magliano Dianna J. , Söderberg Stefan , Chia Kee Seng , Zimmet Paul , Lim Wei‐Yen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundAsia is experiencing a type 2 diabetes epidemic, but prevalence differs by ethnicity and level of socioeconomic development. Singapore and Mauritius have implemented comprehensive campaigns to address this public health problem. We compared diabetes and obesity prevalence trends among Chinese and South Asians living in Singapore and Mauritius to determine the contribution of ethnicity and economic development to diabetes.MethodsAge‐specific data from serial national population‐based surveys in Singapore and Mauritius between 1987 and 2010 were used to estimate age‐standardized diabetes and obesity prevalence. Modified Breslow–Cox proportional hazard models were used to obtain rate ratios for diabetes risk factors.ResultsIn Singapore, the age‐standardized prevalence of diabetes remained stable for Chinese (men: 14% in 1992, 13% in 2010; women: 12% in 1992, 10% in 2010), but increases were observed for South Asians (men: 20% in 1992, 26% in 2010; women: 18% in 1992, 20% in 2010). There were similar patterns in Mauritius. In both countries, obesity prevalence trends were stable for Chinese women, but increased for Chinese men and South Asians. Associations between obesity and diabetes were stronger in Chinese than South Asians regardless of country.ConclusionsDespite different socioeconomic settings in Singapore and Mauritius, we observed rising diabetes prevalence among South Asians but stable prevalence in Chinese in both countries. This provides further evidence that ethnicity contributes to the development of diabetes, and that there should be an increased emphasis on future prevention strategies targeting South Asian populations in these countries.
Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and ankylosing spondylitis in Han Chinese
Authors: Zhang Pingping , Li Qiuxia , Qi Jun , Lv Qing , Zheng Xuqi , Wu Xinyu , Gu Jieruo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms confer susceptibility to aankylosing spondylitis (AS) and study its polymorphisms in Han Chinese.MethodsWe screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VDR region through genome‐wide genotyping chips in AS cases and healthy controls, then used the exome sequencing result to analyze all the potential AS‐associated SNPs in the VDR gene.ResultsThirty‐two SNPs were found in the VDR gene in the genome‐wide genotyping chips and the logistic regression result showed no significant difference between AS cases and controls. A total of 46 SNPs in the VDR region were genotyped through exome sequencing, including four functional SNPs (rs731236 [TaqI], rs2228570 [FokI], rs7975232 [ApaI], rs1544410 [BsmI]) and two newly discovered SNPs (12:48259222 and 12:48276730). To note, rs731236 and rs2228570 locate in the exons of VDR, which cause synonymous and missense mutation. The association test showed there was no significant difference between AS cases and controls in the allele frequency distribution, but haplotype analysis of rs11168266‐rs11168267 show nominal significance (P = 0.01268).ConclusionOur preliminary study indicates the haplotypes (TG) of rs11168266‐rs11168267 in the VDR gene confers susceptibility to AS, which is worth further research.
Getting to Know You: Trust Formation in New Interfirm Relationships and the Consequences for Investments in Management Control and the Collaboration
Authors: Anderson Shannon W. , Chang Hwei Fern , Cheng Mandy M. , Phua Yee Shih 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTrust is often posited to substitute for management control in interfirm transactions. However, this raises questions of how trust arises in new relationships, and whether trust that is not based on prior experience transacting together is sufficient to persuade managers to forgo investments in management controls. We use an experiment to test whether two features of the early stage of an interfirm relationship influence a buyer's initial trust in a supplier and have consequences for subsequent investments in management controls and in the collaboration. These two features are the autonomy of the buyer's manager to choose a supplier (i.e., delegation of decision‐making authority) and the supplier's willingness to share information with the buyer. We find that the buyer manager's initial trust in the supplier is associated positively with both the autonomy to choose the supplier and the supplier's willingness to share information. Information content and supplier characteristics are held constant, so these results are novel and distinct from prior studies of the antecedents of trust. We find that higher initial trust is associated with reduced expenditures for management controls and increased investments in the collaboration. Thus, we conclude that delegation of decision‐making authority and supplier information‐sharing behavior in the early stages of a relationship influence the formation of initial trust, which has real consequences for investments in management control and in the collaboration.
Intraneural injection of a test dose of local anesthetic in peripheral nerves – does it induce histological changes in nerve tissue?
Authors: Wiesmann T. , Steinfeldt T. , Exner M. , Nimphius W. , De Andres J. , Wulf H. , Schwemmer U. 
Published: October 2016

Background & ObjectivesMost anesthesiologists use the injection of a test dose of local anesthetic in order to evaluate the final needle tip position. Thus, the intraneural injection of a full dose can be avoided. The aim of this study was to analyze whether an intraneural injection of a test dose of bupivacaine could trigger histological changes.MethodsIntraneural injections under direct vision were performed in 40 brachial plexus nerves in seven anesthetized pigs. Tibial nerves served as positive and negative controls. Two milliliter of bupivacaine 0.5% was injected in three nerves on the left brachial plexus. For control of local anesthetic's toxicity Ringer's solution was applied intraneurally on the right side. After maintaining 48 h of general anesthesia, the nerves were resected. The specimens were processed for histological examination and assessed for inflammation (hematoxylin and eosin stain, CD68‐immunohistochemistry) and myelin damage (Kluver–Barrera stain). The degree of nerve injury was rated on a scale from 0 (no injury) to 4 (severe injury).ResultsStatistical analysis showed no significant differences between the bupivacaine group [median (interquartile range) 1 (1–1.5)] and the Ringer's solution group [1 (0.5–2) P = 0.772]. Mild myelin alteration was found in 12.5% of all specimens following intraneural injection, irrespective of the applied substance.Conclusions"In our experimental study, intraneural injection of 2 ml of bupivacaine or Ringer's solution showed comparable mild inflammation. Nevertheless, inflammation can only be prevented by strictly avoiding nerve perforation followed by intraneural injection, as mechanical nerve perforation is a key factor for evolving inflammation.
Laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery: a safe and effective operation for the ≥60s?
Authors: Mackay Benedict , Zhou Lifeng , Schroeder David 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThe perceived benefits of Roux‐en‐Y laparoscopic gastric bypass (LRYGB) surgery in the ≥60s are regarded as being significantly less than in the younger population. This study examined a New Zealand population who underwent LRYGB and analysed the mortality rate, complications and postoperative weight loss.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent LRYGB over a 12‐year period and had attended up to 1 year of follow‐up clinic. The study population was from a single centre in New Zealand.ResultsA total of 1362 patients were eligible. Demographic analysis showed the <60 to have 83% female majority, mean age of 43 years and a mean body mass index of 46. The ≥60 group had a 76% female majority, mean age of 63 years and a mean body mass index of 45. The % excess weight loss, % weight loss and weight loss at 1 year all showed a significant difference. Analysis of the % excess weight loss at 1 year in the ≥60s showed a mean of 79% and a median of 78% (95% confidence interval: 69%, 85%). In the <60s the mean was 84% and the median 84% (95% confidence interval: 83%, 85%). Comparison between the groups showed a significant difference (Kruskal‐Wallis test, P = 0.0064). The complication frequency of the groups was not significantly different (chi‐square test, P = 0.7605).Conclusion
LRYGB is an effective weight loss operation in the <60s and ≥60s. LRYGB is safe, with a low complication rate and 30‐day postoperative mortality rate. LRYGB should not be restricted on the basis of age alone.
Distribution of intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness and vertical cup‐to‐disc ratio in a healthy Iranian population: the Yazd Eye Study
Authors: Pakravan Mohammad , Javadi Mohammad Ali , Yazdani Shahin , Ghahari Elham , Behroozi Zohreh , Soleimanizad Reza , Moghimi Sasan , Nilforoushan Naveed , Zarei Reza , Eslami Yadollah , Ghassami Mahmood , Ziaei Hossein , Katibeh Marzieh , Tabesh Hanif , Yaseri Mehdi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeTo determine the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT) and vertical cup‐to‐disc ratio (VCDR) in the healthy Iranian population.MethodsThis population‐based, epidemiologic study evaluated Iranian aged 40–80 years, residing in Yazd, Iran, in 2010–2011. Eligible subjects were selected by cluster random sampling. Each participant underwent an interview and ophthalmologic examination including slit lamp examination, Goldmann applanation tonometry, binocular optic disc evaluation, stereoscopic fundus photography, ultrasonic pachymetry and visual field testing.ResultsOf 2320 eligible individuals, 2098 subjects (response rate of 90.4%) participated in the study. One eye from 1159 subjects (total of 2262 normal eyes) were randomly selected for the purpose of the study. Mean age was 53.1 ± 9.6 years. MeanIOP,CCTandVCDRwere 14.2 ± 2.5 mmHg, 543 ± 37 μm and 0.32 ± 0.14, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant correlation betweenIOPand age (regression coefficient = 0.02 per year, p = 0.015),CCT(regression coefficient = 0.02 per micron, p < 0.001), Spherical equivalent (regression coefficient = −0.15 per dioptre, p = 0.0.024) and smoking (regression coefficient = 0.89 higher for smokers, p = 0.009); it also showed a significant correlation betweenCCTwith spherical equivalent (regression coefficient = 3.6 per dioptre, p = 0.002) andIOP(regression coefficient = 3.6 per mmHG, p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation withVCDR.ConclusionsMeanIOP,CCTandVCDRwere 14.2 ± 2.5 mmHg, 543 ± 35 μm and 0.32 ± 0.14, respectively, in healthy Iranians that is different from other ethnicities. It seems advisable to pay attention to ethnicity for interpretation of each person's variables.
A minimally invasive adjustable‐depth blunt injector for delivery of pharmaceuticals into the posterior pole
Authors: Rotenstreich Ygal , Tzameret Adi , Kalish Sapir E. , Bubis Ettel , Belkin Michael , Moroz Iris , Rosner Mordechai , Levy Itay , Margel Shlomo , Sher Ifat 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the feasibility and safety of a novel minimally invasive adjustable‐depth blunt injector for pharmaceuticals delivery into the posterior segment.MethodsIndocyanine green (ICG), sodium fluorescein and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were injected using the new injector into the extravascular spaces of the choroid (EVSC) compartment of rabbits and cadaver pig eyes. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT), fundus imaging and histology analysis were performed for assessment of injection safety and efficacy.ResultsIndocyanine green, fluorescein and IONPs were detected across the EVSC in rabbit eyes, covering over 80 per cent of the posterior eye surface. Injected IONPs were retained in the EVSC for at least 2 weeks following injection. No retinal detachment, choroidal haemorrhage or inflammation was detected in any of the injected eyes. In cadaver pig eyes, ICG was detected across the EVSC.ConclusionsThis novel minimally invasive delivery system may be used to safely deliver large volumes of pharmaceuticals into a new treatment reservoir compartment – the EVSC which can serve as a depot, in close proximity to the retina, covering most of the surface of the back of the eye without insertion of surgical instruments under the central retina. This system is predicted to enhance the therapeutic effect of treatments for posterior eye disorders.
Comparing pattern scanning laser trabeculoplasty to selective laser trabeculoplasty: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mansouri Kaweh , Shaarawy Tarek 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeTo compare safety, tolerability and intraocular pressure (IOP)‐lowering efficacy of pattern scanning laser trabeculoplasty (PSLT) with selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in fellow eyes of untreated patients with glaucoma.DesignRandomized controlled trial.ParticipantsTwenty‐nine patients (58 eyes) with primary and secondary open angle glaucoma (OAG) were randomized to undergo PSLT or SLT in each eye.MethodsPattern scanning laser trabeculoplasty was performed using the Pascal laser (Pascal Streamline 577; Topcon Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Patients' comfort level to treatment was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Follow‐up visits were at week 1, month 1, 3 and 6. Success was defined as IOP reduction ≥20%.Main Outcome MeasuresSafety, tolerability and IOP reduction.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 54.1 ± 15.5 years. Baseline IOP was similar between both groups (PSLT, 17.3 ± 4.0 mmHg; SLT, 16.8 ± 3.6 mmHg, p > 0.05). In the PSLT group, the mean IOP at 1, 3 and 6 months was 14.2 ± 3.5, 13.9 ± 2.6 and 14.0 ± 2.7 mmHg, respectively. In the SLT group, the mean IOP at 1, 3 and 6 months was 14.4 ± 4.1, 13.7 ± 3.2 and 13.7 ± 3.1 mmHg, respectively. The IOP reduction in the PSLT group was greater than the SLT group at 1 month (p < 0.01) and 3 months (p < 0.01). VAS score was better in PSLT eyes: 23.9 ± 20.5 (range, 0–82) than in SLT eyes: 50.4 ± 25.3 (range, 0–98) (p < 0.001). No serious adverse events were recorded.ConclusionsBoth laser modalities had similar safety and efficacy profiles while PSLT was better tolerated by patients.