bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Integration of Curcumin‐Loaded CaCO3 Nanoparticles and Black Phosphorus Nanosheets in Core/Shell Nanofiber for Cranial Defect Repair
Authors: Zheng Yan , Tan Lu , Chen Hang , He Shuohan , Li Menghuan , Luo Zhong , Cai Kaiyong , Hu Yan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReconstruction and healing of large craniofacial bone defects are major clinical challenges due to high risk of chronic inflammation and reduced cell mineralization levels. Herein, a core‐shell nanofiber‐based implant with significant pro‐osteogenesis capability for treating skull defects is reported, which is hierarchically integrated with curcumin‐loaded calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3@Cur NPs) in the outer layers and black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) in the core compartments. The radical alignment of the integrated nanocomponents allows the sequential in situ release of the therapeutic agents in a controlled manner after implantation. Curcumin can repolarize M1 macrophages into M2 phenotypes for anti‐inflammation purposes. Meanwhile, the released calcium and phosphate ions can promote the biomineralization of hydroxyapatite at the defect site and facilitate bone regeneration. Evaluations on cranial defect‐bearing rat models demonstrated that the electrospun fibers in the present study substantially promoted restoration of the damaged skulls and inhibited inflammation in the wound bed. This strategy provides a new idea for the treatment of skull defects in the clinic.
An Aquatic Autonomic Nervous System
Authors: Yuan Cheng , Xu Ke‐Xin , Huang Yu‐Ting , Xu Jing‐Juan , Zhao Wei‐Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReproducing human nervous systems with endogenous mechanisms has attracted increasing attention, driven by its great potential in streamlining the neuro‐electronic interfaces with bilateral signaling. Here, an artificial aquatic autonomic nervous system (ANS) with switchable excitatory/inhibitory characteristics and acetylcholine (ACh)‐mediated plasticity is reported based on the newly emerged organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT). Under the modulation of spatial light and ACh, the system exhibits an immediate switch between excitation and inhibition, and many pulse patterns as well as advanced ANS functions are mimicked. To demonstrate its potential usage, the artificial ANS is then utilized to control artificial pupils and muscles to emulate real biological responses during an emergency. In contrast to previous solid‐state attempts, this ANS is aqueous compatible just like biological nervous systems, which are capable of real neurotransmitter mediation.
Enable Rechargeable Carbon Fluoride Batteries with Unprecedented High Rate and Long Life by Oxygen Doping and Electrolyte Formulation
Authors: Li Decheng , Yu Yifan , Li Chilin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHere, a rechargeable carbon fluoride battery is demonstrated with unprecedented high rate and long life by oxygen doping and electrolyte formulation. The introductions of Mn2+–O catalyst and porous structure during the oxidation process of CFx cathode can promote the splitting of Li–F during charging. By further modulating the electrolyte with triphenylantimony chloride (TSbCl) as anion acceptor and CsF as product modulator, the more readily dissociable CsLiF2 product instead of LiF is preferentially formed, and the TSbCl‐salt protection interface is constructed to confine Li–F based products and reduce fluoride loss at cathode side. These effects endow Li‐CFx batteries with durable reversible conversion reaction (for at least 600 cycles), ultrahigh rate performance (e.g., 364 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1) and low charging plateau voltage down to 3.2 V. The cathode exhibits the maximum power density of 38342 W kg−1 and energy density of 1012 Wh kg−1. Furthermore, this Li‐CFx system demonstrates the promising prospects for applications in view of its low temperature operation (e.g., 280 mAh g−1 at −20 °C), low self‐discharge ability, large‐scale pouch cell fabrication and high cathode loading (5–6 mg cm−2), enabling it to move beyond previous role as primary battery and into new role as fast‐charging rechargeable battery with high energy density.
Electrochemical Switching of Electromagnetism by Hierarchical Disorder Tailored Atomic Scale Polarization
Authors: Wu Zhengchen , Yang Liting , Yang Xiaofen , Liang Guisheng , Liu Min , Chen Guanyu , Wu Yuyang , Liu Minmin , Wen Meichen , Lai Yuxiang , Che Renchao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh‐frequency electronic response governs a broad spectrum of electromagnetic applications from radiation protection, and signal compatibility, to energy recovery. Despite various efforts to manage electric conductivity, dynamic control over dielectric polarization for real‐time electromagnetic modulation remains a notable challenge. Herein, an electrochemical lithiation‐driven hierarchical disordering strategy is demonstrated for actively modulating electromagnetic properties. The controllable formation and diffusion of coherent interfaces and cation vacancies tailor the coupling of atomic electric field and thus the locally polarized domains, which leads to the reversible electromagnetic transparency/absorption switching with a tunable range of −0.8–−20.4 dB for the reflection loss and a broad operation bandwidth of 4.6 GHz. Compared to traditional methods of heteroatomic doping, hydrogenation, mechanical deformation, and phase transition, the electrochemical strategy shows a larger regulation scope of dielectric permittivity with the maximum increase ratios of 260% and 1950% for real and imaginary parts, respectively. This enables the construction of various device architectures including the adaptive window and pixelated metasurface. The results offer opportunities to achieve intelligent electromagnetic devices and pave an avenue to rejuvenate various electromagnetic functions of semiconductive oxides.
Unravelling Optoelectronic and Transport Properties in RuZrX (X=Si, Ge) Alloys: Insights from DFT
Authors: Gurunani Bharti , Gupta Dinesh C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe structural, mechanical, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of RuZrSi and RuZrGe half‐Heusler alloys were thoroughly examined using the full‐potential linearized augmented plane‐wave (FP‐LAPW) method within the WIEN2k code, based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). The study utilized the Perdew‐Burke‐Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (GGA‐PBE) and the Tran‐Blaha‐Johnson (TB‐mBJ) approximations for the exchange‐correlation potential. The findings reveal that both alloys are semiconductors with indirect band gaps, and they are ductile, anisotropic, and mechanically stable. These properties make them suitable for various practical applications. The electronic analysis confirms the semiconducting nature of RuZrSi and RuZrGe due to their indirect band gaps. Mechanically, both alloys show ductility and stability, enhancing their potential usability. Additionally, their thermoelectric properties are notable, with high Seebeck coefficients (S) and a significant figure of merit (ZT), indicating strong performance in thermoelectric devices. Optical properties, including the dielectric function and absorption coefficients, suggest these materials have considerable potential for photovoltaic and optical applications, especially in the UV and visible light spectrum. While these results are promising, experimental validation is required to confirm the theoretical predictions made in this study.
Optical Micro/Nanofiber Enabled Multiaxial Force Sensor for Tactile Visualization and Human–Machine Interface
Authors: Xie Yu , Pan Jing , Yu Longteng , Fang Hubiao , Yu Shaoliang , Zhou Ning , Tong Limin , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTactile sensors with capability of multiaxial force perception play a vital role in robotics and human–machine interfaces. Flexible optical waveguide sensors have been an emerging paradigm in tactile sensing due to their high sensitivity, fast response, and antielectromagnetic interference. Herein, a flexible multiaxial force sensor enabled by U‐shaped optical micro/nanofibers (MNFs) is reported. The MNF is embedded within an elastomer film topped with a dome‐shaped protrusion. When the protrusion is subjected to vector forces, the embedded MNF undergoes anisotropic deformations, yielding time‐resolved variations in light transmission. Detection of both normal and shear forces is achieved with sensitivities reaching 50.7 dB N−1 (14% kPa−1) and 82.2 dB N−1 (21% kPa−1), respectively. Notably, the structural asymmetry of the MNF induces asymmetrical optical modes, granting the sensor directional responses to four‐directional shear forces. As proof‐of‐concept applications, tactile visualizations for texture and relief pattern recognition are realized with a spatial resolution of 160 µm. Moreover, a dual U‐shaped MNF configuration is demonstrated as a human–machine interface for cursor manipulation. This work represents a step towards advanced multiaxial tactile sensing.
USP26 Combats Age‐Related Declines in Self‐Renewal and Multipotent Differentiation of BMSC by Maintaining Mitochondrial Homeostasis
Authors: Xu Yiming , Chang Leilei , Chen Yong , Dan Zhou , Zhou Li , Tang Jiyuan , Deng Lianfu , Tang Guoqing , Li Changwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAge‐related declines in self‐renewal and multipotency of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) limit their applications in tissue engineering and clinical therapy. Thus, understanding the mechanisms behind BMSC senescence is crucial for maintaining the rejuvenation and multipotent differentiation capabilities of BMSCs. This study reveals that impaired USP26 expression in BMSCs leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately resulting in aging and age‐related declines in the self‐renewal and multipotency of BMSCs. Specifically, decreased USP26 expression results in decreased protein levels of Sirtuin 2 due to its ubiquitination degradation, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in BMSCs and ultimately resulting in aging and age‐related declines in self‐renewal and multilineage differentiation potentials. Additionally, decreased USP26 expression in aging BMSCs is a result of dampened hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) expression. HIF‐1α facilitates USP26 transcriptional expression by increasing USP26 promoter activity through binding to the ‐191 — ‐198 bp and ‐262 — ‐269 bp regions on the USP26 promoter. Therefore, the identification of USP26 as being correlated with aging and age‐related declines in self‐renewal and multipotency of BMSCs, along with understanding its expression and action mechanisms, suggests that USP26 represents a novel therapeutic target for combating aging and age‐related declines in the self‐renewal and multipotent differentiation of BMSCs.
Tailoring Zn2+ Flux by an Ion Acceleration Layer Modified Separator for High‐Rate Long‐Lasting Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Tan Yicheng , Chen Duo , Yao Tengyu , Zhang Yiming , Miao Chenglin , Yang Hang , Wang Yuanhang , Li Li , Kotsiubynskyi Volodymyr , Han Wei , Shen Laifa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA large concentration gradient originating from sluggish ion transport on the surface of Zn metal anodes will result in uneven Zn2+ flux, giving rise to severe dendrite growth, especially at high current density. Herein, an ion acceleration layer is introduced by a facile separator engineering strategy to realize modulated Zn2+ flux and dendrite‐free deposition. Zinc hexacyanoferrate as the modifying agent featuring strong zincophilicity and rapid diffusion tunnel can enable fast trap for Zn2+ near the electrode surface and immediate transport onto deposition sites, respectively. The ion acceleration effect is substantiated by improved ion conductivity, decreased activated energy, and promoted Zn2+ transference number, which can moderate concentration gradient to guide homogenous Zn2+ flux distribution. As a result, the separator engineering guarantees Zn||Zn symmetrical cells with long‐term stability of 2700 h at 2 mA cm−2, and 1770 h at a large current density of 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, cycling stability and rate capability for full cells with different cathodes can be substantially promoted by the modified separator, validating its superior practical feasibility. This study supplies a new scalable approach to tailoring ion flux near the electrode surface to enable robust Zn metal anodes at a high current density.
Frequency‐Controlled Fluidic Oscillators for Soft Robots
Authors: Mousa Mostafa , Rezanejad Ashkan , Gorissen Benjamin , Forte Antonio E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectronic‐free controls have recently emerged as one of the main topics in soft robotics. However, electronic‐free fluidic circuits still lack controllability and reconfigurability to achieve different functions. Here, reconfigurable pneumatic valves that widen the design space of fluidic circuits are presented. The significance of two parameters on the valve's operation: a pre‐defined manufacturing parameter that sets the initial operational range of the valve, and a second, on‐the‐fly modifiable geometric parameter that shifts the behavior of the valve during operation is shown. It is demonstrated that equipping the valve with these reconfigurable features enables the tuning of fluidic oscillatory circuits as illustrated by two examples: a frequency‐controlled relaxation oscillator and a reconfigurable ring oscillator. The relaxation oscillator is employed to control the actuation frequency of a soft hopper, which is able to achieve 80 to 125 hops min−1 and a hopping speed ranging from ≈1 to ≈1.185 BL s−1. Additionally, the reconfigurable ring oscillator is used to demonstrate how each output frequency can be controlled independently, via a soft robotic crawler that can navigate in three directions, and a volume‐controlled fluidic pump able to achieve mixing of solutions in environments where electronic components cannot operate.
Unraveling subcellular functional traits: Adaptive insights into chloroplast ultrastructure in nonmodel species
Authors: Pireda Saulo , Da Cunha Maura 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis essay discusses how the ultrastructural changes in chloroplasts, particularly the mechanisms of thylakoid membrane unstacking, help maintain the photosynthetic performance of photosystem II (PSII) under stress conditions. This phenomenon may facilitate the repair of damaged PSII by providing access to the repair machinery. It is argued that this PSII repair mechanism accelerates PSII recovery, optimizing photosynthetic processes in stressed plants. Although some studies demonstrate the relationship between thylakoid membrane unstacking in stress conditions, these studies were developed with model species under controlled conditions. Thus, this essay serves as a validation tool for these previous studies, because it demonstrates that the relationships between ultrastructural changes in chloroplasts and the functioning of PSII are essential acclimative strategies for nonmodel plants to survive the constant edaphoclimatic changes of natural environments. Understanding these subcellular dynamics can significantly inform biologists about the plastic potential of plants, especially in heterogeneous environments. An integrated approach in future studies is necessary, highlighting the importance of exploring plant functional traits at multiple scales, because subcellular characteristics have great potential to understand plant acclimatization.
A Site‐Specific Click Chemistry Approach to Di‐Ubiquitylate H1 Variants Reveals Position‐Dependent Stimulation of the DNA Repair Protein RNF168
Authors: Franz Pauline , Delvaux de Fenffe Charlotte M. , Fierz Beat 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUbiquitylation of histone H2A at lysines 13 and 15 by the E3 ligase RNF168 plays a key role in orchestrating DNA double‐strand break (DSB) repair, which is often deregulated in cancer. RNF168 activity is triggered by DSB signaling cascades, reportedly through K63‐linked poly‐ubiquitylation of linker histone H1. However, direct experimental evidence of this mechanism has been elusive, primarily due to the lack of methods to specifically poly‐ubiquitylate H1. Here, we developed a versatile click chemistry approach to covalently link multiple proteins in a site‐specific, controlled, and stepwise manner. Applying this method, we synthesized H1 constructs bearing triazole‐linked di‐ubiquitin on four DNA repair‐associated ubiquitylation hotspots (H1KxUb2, at K17, 46, 64 and 96). Integrated into nucleosome arrays, the H1KxUb2 variants stimulated H2A ubiquitylation by RNF168 in a position‐dependent manner, with H1K17Ub2 showing the strongest RNF168 activation effect. Moreover, we show that di‐ubiquitin binding is the driving force underlying RNF168 recruitment, introducing H1K17Ub2 into living U‐2 OS cells. Together, our results support the hypothesis of poly‐ubiquitylated H1 guiding RNF168 recruitment to DSB sites. Moreover, we demonstrate how the streamlined synthesis of H1KxUb2 variants enables mechanistic studies into RNF168 regulation, with potential implications for its inhibition in susceptible cancers.
Hydrogen‐Bond‐Regulated Mechanochemical Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks: Cocrystal Precursor Strategy for Confined Assembly
Authors: Chen Hongguang , Feng Daming , Wei Fengxia , Guo Fang , Cheetham Anthony K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional imine covalent organic frameworks (2D imine‐COFs) are crystalline porous materials with broad application prospects. Despite the efforts into their design and synthesis, the mechanisms of their formation are still not fully understood. Herein, a one‐pot two‐step mechanochemical cocrystal precursor synthetic strategy is developed for efficient construction of 2D imine‐COFs. The mechanistic investigation demonstrated that the cocrystal precursors of 4,4′,4′′‐(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)trianiline (TAPT) and p‐toluenesulphonic acid (PTSA) sufficiently regulate the crystalline structure of COF. Evidenced by characterizations and theoretical studies, a helical hydrogen‐bond network was constructed by the N−H⋅⋅⋅O supramolecular synthons between amino and sulfonic groups in TAPT‐PTSA, demonstrating the role of cocrystals in promoting the organized stacking of interlayer π–π interactions, layer arrangement, and interlayer spacing, thus facilitating the orderly assembly of COFs. Moreover, the protonation degree of TAPT amines, which tuned nucleophilic directionality, enabled the sequential progression of intra‐ and interlayer imine condensation reactions, inhibiting the formation of amorphous polymers. The transformation from cocrystal precursors to COFs was achieved through comprehensive control of hydrogen bond and covalent bond sites. This work significantly advances the concept of hydrogen‐bond‐regulated COF assembly and its mechanochemical method in the design and synthesis of 2D imine‐COFs, further elucidating the mechanistic aspects of their mechanochemical synthesis.
Fabrication of Thermo‐Responsive Polymer‐MOF@cellulase Composites with Improved Catalytic Performance for Hydrolysis of Cellulose
Authors: Ali Tajwar Muhammad , Liu Yutong , Qi Li 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as an ideal enzyme support because of their porous structural superiority. However, MOFs@enzyme composites have usually compromised their hydrolysis efficiency due to the narrow space inducing unfavourable enzyme conformations. Herein, a thermo‐responsive poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PD) was fixed onto the surface of UiO‐66‐NH2 (UiO) through a post‐synthetic modification protocol. Using poly(2‐vinyl‐4,4 dimethylazlactone) (V) as a linker, PVD‐UiO@cellulase composites were fabricated after cellulase was immobilized onto the UiO surface through covalent bonding. The composites conferred favorable cellulase conformations, boosting hydrolysis efficiency and stability, which relied on the soft PVD shell and confinement effect yielded by the curled PVD chains at high temperatures. Compared with free cellulase, the proposed composites exhibited a 33.1‐fold enhancement of the Kcat values at 50 °C. The PVD‐UiO@cellulase composites were applied to the hydrolysis of cellulose in the stalks and leaves of Epipremnum aureum. The results highlight the potential of smart PVD‐UiO@cellulase composites in the hydrolysis of cellulose, affording a valuable platform for the preparation of unique MOFs@enzyme composites and their industrial applications.
Optimal containment control for multi‐agent systems using fast adaptive dynamic programming
Authors: Cao Ao , Wang Fuyong , Liu Zhongxin , Chen Zengqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, an innovative adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm with fast convergence speed is designed for the optimal containment control problem of discrete‐time linear multi‐agent systems. Precisely, a quadratic input energy cost function, including local containment error information and actuator information in the neighborhood, is designed for each follower. Solving the stationary condition of the cost function, the optimal containment controllers are obtained. Traditional ADP methods use actor–critic neural networks to approximate optimal costs and control strategies, it is time‐consuming to solve large‐scale multi‐agent problems due to the computational complexity of neural networks. In order to seek faster convergence speed of optimal containment control without knowing the model information, the fast ADP algorithm framework is designed, it is proved theoretically that the convergence speed is determined by some configurable parameters, and the whale optimization algorithm is employed to globally optimize the parameters of given spaces to derive the optimal configuration. Finally, numerical simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness of the designed algorithm.
Experimental Set‐Up for Measurement of Half‐Cell‐ and Over‐Potentials of Flow Batteries During Operation
Authors: Gonzalez Gabriel , Peljo Pekka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe study of flow batteries (FBs) requires the development of tools able to evaluate their performance during operation in a reliable and simple way. In this work, we present an experimental set‐up that allows the on‐line monitoring of the half‐cells state of charge and apparent overpotentials on the positive and negative electrodes during battery operation. These measurements are feasible by using additional flow cells that include a reference electrode on each side. We used the experimental set‐up to study the performance of the vanadium system as well as a previously reported stable organic couple. The studies consisted on short cycling operation at different current densities and polarization curves at different flow rates and states of charge. By confirming previous results obtained for vanadium‐FBs and extending the analysis to further systems, we demonstrated that this approach provides a reliable deeper insight into the battery performance and the processes taking place during operation.
Influence of Temperature and Pressure on the Wetting Progress in 21700 Lithium‐Ion Battery Cells: Experiment, Model, and Lattice Boltzmann Simulation
Authors: Wanner Johannes , Burgard Matthias , Othman Nabih , Singh Soumya , Birke Kai Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe electrolyte filling and subsequent wetting of the active material is a time‐critical process in the manufacturing of lithium‐ion batteries. Due to the metallic cell housing, the process phenomena are insufficiently accessible, preventing the replication of the wetting processes by mathematical or simulative methods and hindering efforts to accelerate the wetting process. Therefore, this publication employs a glass cell housing for electrolyte filling of a 21700 cylindrical cell to investigate the wetting at different temperatures and process pressures. In parallel, a mathematical replication of the wetting, as well as a lattice Boltzmann pore‐scale simulation, is used to evaluate the influence of these varying process boundary conditions. The results show a strong temperature dependence on electrolyte wetting and the positive effect of pressure changes in the wetting process. These findings are particularly relevant to the process design of large‐scale cylindrical cell manufacturing.