bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural signatures of emotional biases predict clinical outcomes in difficult-to-treat depression
Authors: Fennema Diede , Barker Gareth J. , O’Daly Owen , Godlewska Beata R. , Carr Ewan , Goldsmith Kimberley , Young Allan H. , Moll Jorge , Zahn Roland 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Neural predictors underlying variability in depression outcomes are poorly understood. Functional MRI measures of subgenual cortex connectivity, self-blaming and negative perceptual biases have shown prognostic potential in treatment-naïve, medication-free and fully remitting forms of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, their role in more chronic, difficult-to-treat forms of MDD is unknown.

Methods:
Forty-five participants (n = 38 meeting minimum data quality thresholds) fulfilled criteria for difficult-to-treat MDD. Clinical outcome was determined by computing percentage change at follow-up from baseline (four months) on the self-reported Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (16-item). Baseline measures included self-blame-selective connectivity of the right superior anterior temporal lobe with an a priori Brodmann Area 25 region-of-interest, blood-oxygen-level-dependent a priori bilateral amygdala activation for subliminal sad vs happy faces, and resting-state connectivity of the subgenual cortex with an a priori defined ventrolateral prefrontal cortex/insula region-of-interest.

Findings:
A linear regression model showed that baseline severity of depressive symptoms explained 3% of the variance in outcomes at follow-up (F[3,34] = .33, p = .81). In contrast, our three pre-registered neural measures combined, explained 32% of the variance in clinical outcomes (F[4,33] = 3.86, p = .01).

Conclusion:
These findings corroborate the pathophysiological relevance of neural signatures of emotional biases and their potential as predictors of outcomes in difficult-to-treat depression.
Methods in causal inference. Part 2: Interaction, mediation, and time-varying treatments
Authors: Bulbulia Joseph A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The analysis of ‘moderation’, ‘interaction’, ‘mediation’ and ‘longitudinal growth’ is widespread in the human sciences, yet subject to confusion. To clarify these concepts, it is essential to state causal estimands, which requires the specification of counterfactual contrasts for a target population on an appropriate scale. Once causal estimands are defined, we must consider their identification. I employ causal directed acyclic graphs and single world intervention graphs to elucidate identification workflows. I show that when multiple treatments exist, common methods for statistical inference, such as multi-level regressions and statistical structural equation models, cannot typically recover the causal quantities we seek. By properly framing and addressing causal questions of interaction, mediation, and time-varying treatments, we can expose the limitations of popular methods and guide researchers to a clearer understanding of the causal questions that animate our interests.
Methods in causal inference. Part 3: measurement error and external validity threats
Authors: Bulbulia Joseph A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The human sciences should seek generalisations wherever possible. For ethical and scientific reasons, it is desirable to sample more broadly than ‘Western, educated, industrialised, rich, and democratic’ (WEIRD) societies. However, restricting the target population is sometimes necessary; for example, young children should not be recruited for studies on elderly care. Under which conditions is unrestricted sampling desirable or undesirable? Here, we use causal diagrams to clarify the structural features of measurement error bias and target population restriction bias (or ‘selection restriction’), focusing on threats to valid causal inference that arise in comparative cultural research. We define any study exhibiting such biases, or confounding biases, as weird (wrongly estimated inferences owing to inappropriate restriction and distortion). We explain why statistical tests such as configural, metric and scalar invariance cannot address the structural biases of weird studies. Overall, we examine how the workflows for causal inference provide the necessary preflight checklists for ambitious, effective and safe comparative cultural research.
“Meat from the Heavens”: The Prohibition on Meat Consumption Imposed on Adam and the Jewish-Christian Polemic
Authors: Sabato David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractToward the end of the Noahide commandment pericope in the Talmud (b. Sanh. 56–60), we find a sugya (pericope) featuring the prohibition on meat consumption imposed on Adam and its permission to the Noahides. This unique sugya pieces together halakic and haggadic sources that reinterpret the Garden of Eden story and address the complex relationship between humans and animals. This article will examine this sugya, focusing on its closing story, which describes a pietist who merits a gift of heavenly flesh. I will demonstrate that the story has many levels of meaning, grounded in both its immediate and wider contexts, and claim that it conceals a polemic with a similar Christian story (Acts 10), which describes impure meat that descends from the sky, undermining the cultural and halakic divisions between Jews and non-Jews. The comparison between the two stories reveals opposing worldviews with regard to law and lawlessness, utopia and redemption.
Laughter in the Courts of Heaven? Chesterton and the Theology of Humor
Authors: Pickering David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article relates Chesterton’s theology, and that of other theologians, to existing theories of humor. It asks: With regard to the understanding of humor, what is offered by a theological perspective—especially by Chesterton’s theology—that cannot be supplied by philosophical and psychological theories? The article situates Chesterton’s work in relation to three theories of humor: the superiority theory, the release theory, and the incongruity theory. It then examines two important relationships: first, that between humor, worship, and joy; then, that between humor, cognition, and theology. While focusing on Chesterton’s writing, it also considers relevant aspects of the work of other thinkers, including Ian Ker, Duncan Reyburn, Thomas Aquinas, Søren Kierkegaard, Reinhold Niebuhr, Karl Rahner, Peter Berger, Ingvild Sælid Gilhus, Terry Lindvall, and Brian Edgar. The article concludes by suggesting the beginnings of an outline of a theology of humor.
Freedom, Creativity, the Self, and God: Between Rabbi Kook and Bergson’s Lebensphilosophie
Authors: Amati Ghila 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this essay, I examine the intersection between the concepts of freedom, the self, God, and creativity in the works of one of the most prominent twentieth-century Jewish thinkers, Rabbi Abraham Isaac HaCohen Kook (1865–1935), exploring his use of these concepts through the lens of the Lebensphilosophie of the French philosopher Henri Bergson (1859–1941). I first draw a historical and thematic parallel between Bergson’s and Kook’s philosophies that to date has not been considered extensively. I then argue that five different interpretative puzzles related to the topic of freedom in Kook’s teachings can be explained against the background of Bergson’s thought. This Bergsonian interpretation enables the reader to appreciate in what way different aspects of Kook’s thought—the metaphysical, ethical, epistemological, and theological—are interconnected and can be understood as an organic whole. I thereby show that the Bergsonian philosophical and systematic models are an important, and yet unexplored, interpretative tool for the study of Kook’s theological and philosophical thought.
The critical role of Gαi3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell growth
Authors: Li Quan , Huang Zhiyue , Li Zihan , Fan Jianlin , Li Ke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe identification of novel and effective therapeutic targets for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is of paramount importance. This study investigates the expression, potential functions, and mechanistic insights of G protein inhibitory subunit 3 (Gαi3) in OSCC. Gαi3 is found to be upregulated in human OSCC tissues as well as in various primary and established OSCC cells. In different OSCC cells, silencing of Gαi3 through shRNA resulted in inhibited cell proliferation and migration, while also inducing apoptosis. Knockout (KO) of Gαi3 via the CRISPR/Cas9 method produced significant anti-cancer effects in OSCC cells. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of Gαi3 enhanced OSCC cell growth, promoting cell proliferation and migration. Gαi3 plays a crucial role in activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in OSCC cells. Silencing or KO of Gαi3 led to decreased phosphorylation levels of Akt and S6K, whereas overexpression of Gαi3 increased their phosphorylation. Restoration of Akt-mTOR activation through a constitutively active mutant Akt1 mitigated the anti-OSCC effects induced by Gαi3 shRNA. In vivo, Gαi3 silencing significantly suppressed the growth of subcutaneous OSCC xenografts in nude mice, concomitant with inactivation of the Akt-mTOR pathway and induction of apoptosis. Collectively, these findings underscore the critical role of Gαi3 in OSCC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo.
2-Stage and 3-stage restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis show comparable short- and long-term outcomes
Authors: Brunner Maximilian , Brandl Martin , Denz Axel , Krautz Christian , Weber Georg F. , Grützmann Robert , Weber Klaus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRestorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) represents the standard treatment for therapy-refractory, malignant or complicated ulcerative colitis (UC) and can be performed as a 2-stage or 3-stage procedure. This study aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes after 2- and 3-stage IPAA in patients with UC in our department. A retrospective analysis of 176 patients with UC who received 2- or 3-stage restorative proctocolectomy with IPAA at our institution from 2001 to 2021 was performed. Outcomes for short-term (morbidity, longer hospital stay, readmission) and long-term (pouch failure and quality of life) parameters were compared between the 2- and 3-stage procedure. Regarding short-term outcomes for all patients, in-hospital morbidity and readmission rates after any surgical stage were observed in 69% and 24%, respectively. Morbidity and readmission did not differ significantly between the 2- and 3-stage procedure in uni- and multivariate analysis. Median length of hospital stay for all stages was 17 days. The 3-stage procedure was identified as an independent factor for longer hospital stay (OR 3.8 (CI 1.3–10.8), p = 0.014). Pouch failure and failure of improved quality of life during long-term follow-up occurred both in 10% of patients, with no significant differences between the 2- and 3-stage procedure in uni- and multivariate analysis. Our data suggest that both the 2- and 3-stage proctocolectomy with IPAA demonstrate favourable and comparable postoperative short- and long-term outcomes, with a high rate of improved quality of life in patients with UC.
Shear lines trigger heavy rainfalls in the Philippines during the winter monsoon
Authors: Reyes Sheilla Mae , Lee Seungyeon , Park Seon Ki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeavy rainfall events (HREs) occur almost throughout the year in the Philippines, with relatively limited research during the winter monsoon. This study analyzes the 20-year (2003–2022) daily precipitation from 55 rain gauges and Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) from November to February. HREs are classified into three clusters by employing a cluster analysis on the most pertinent principal modes extracted from the principal component analysis. Each cluster exhibits a distinct heavy rainfall spatial pattern, mostly showing more than 50 mm/day of rainfall in the eastern part of the country. We noted that heavy rainfall in the Philippines during the winter monsoon occurs during a strong East Asian Winter Monsoon and caused by the interaction of shear line and low-level cyclonic vortex. The different location of rainfall maxima in each HRE cluster is a result of the variation of locations of the shear line and cyclonic vortex.
Global climate change below 2 °C avoids large end century increases in burned area in Canada
Authors: Curasi Salvatore R. , Melton Joe R. , Arora Vivek K. , Humphreys Elyn R. , Whaley Cynthia H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWildfire impacts the global carbon cycle, property, harvestable timber, and public health. Canada saw a record fire season in 2023 with 14.9 Mha burned—over seven times the 1986–2022 average of 2.1 Mha. Here we utilize a new process-based wildfire module that explicitly represents fire weather, fuel type and availability, ignition sources, fire suppression, and vegetation’s climate response to project the future of wildfire in Canada. Under rapid climate change (shared socioeconomic pathway [SSP] 370 & 585) simulated annual burned area in the 2090 s reaches 10.2 ± 2.1 to 11.7 ± 2.4 Mha, approaching the 2023 fire season total. However, climate change below a 2 °C global target (SSP126), keeps the 2090 s area burned near modern (2004–2014) norms. The simulated area burned and carbon emissions are most sensitive to climate drivers and lightning but future lightning activity is a key uncertainty.
Divergent subregional information processing in mouse prefrontal cortex during working memory
Authors: Sonneborn Alex , Bartlett Lowell , Olson Randall J. , Milton Russell , Abbas Atheir I. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWorking memory (WM) is a critical cognitive function allowing recent information to be temporarily held in mind to inform future action. This process depends on coordination between prefrontal cortex (PFC) subregions and other connected brain areas. However, few studies have examined the degree of functional specialization between these subregions throughout WM using electrophysiological recordings in freely-moving mice. Here we record single-units in three neighboring mouse medial PFC (mPFC) subregions—supplementary motor area (MOs), dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC), and ventromedial (vmPFC)—during a freely-behaving non-match-to-position WM task. The MOs is most active around task phase transitions, when it transiently represents the starting sample location. Dorsomedial PFC contains a stable population code, including persistent sample-location-specific firing during the delay period. Ventromedial PFC responds most strongly to reward-related information during choices. Our results reveal subregionally segregated WM computation in mPFC and motivate more precise consideration of the dynamic neural activity required for WM.
ASSIGN score and cancer risk in the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort (SHHEC) study
Authors: Fitton Catherine A. , Woodward Mark , Belch Jill JF. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this work was to determine whether the ASSIGN cardiovascular disease (CVD) score, a 10-year CVD risk score used in primary care in Scotland, could additionally detect cancer risk.

Methods
18,107 participants were recruited to the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort (SHHEC) study between 1982 and 1995. Information on health and lifestyle were collected, along with blood and urine, and participants were followed up via record linkage to 2017. Cox proportional hazards were used to estimate HRs (95% CIs) for time to cancer diagnosis.

Results
A total of 5046 cases of cancer were reported during the follow up period. ASSIGN was significantly associated with a diagnosis of cancer, with a 2.3–3.4% increase in risk of cancer per 1-point increase of ASSIGN. The components of ASSIGN predominantly associated with the risk of cancer were age (HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.48–1.56, cholesterol level (HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.08–1.13), diabetes status (HR 1.24; 95% CI 1.01–1.53), and systolic blood pressure (HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.13–1.19).

Conclusion
ASSIGN could be used not only to predict CVD, but also to predict cancer risk in patients. This needs to be validated in further cohorts.
Culprit lesion characteristics and prognosis in STEMI with cold onset: an OCT study
Authors: Sun Qianhui , Luo Xing , Yi Boling , Zhao Chen , Liu Minghao , Zeng Ming , Jia Haibo , Yu Bo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCold temperature exposure is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. However, limited research has explored plaque characteristics and prognosis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients diagnosed in cold temperatures. In the current study, 517 STEMI patients who underwent coronary optical coherence tomography examination were included and divided according to a median of the ambient temperature(11.5 °C). Our result shows that the cold temperature group exhibited higher proportions of plaque rupture, 78.1%, compared to 68.8% in the warm temperatures group. Besides, patients in the cold temperature group showed thinner minimum fibrous cap thickness (60.0 vs. 70.0 μm, p = 0.035). Furthermore, the cold temperature group showed a higher incidence rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), which includes cardiac death, recurrent nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure (15.7% vs. 9.7%, p = 0.041). Moreover, cold temperature exposure at the onset independently predicted MACE (HR1.83 [95%CI 1.06–3.14], p = 0.029).
Firsttrimester Diagnosis and Therapy @ 11–13+6 Weeks of Gestation – Part 1
Authors: von Kaisenberg Constantin , Kozlowski Peter , Kagan Karl-Oliver , Hoopmann Markus , Heling Kai-Sven , Chaoui Rabih , Klaritsch Philipp , Pertl Barbara , Burkhardt Tilo , Tercanli Sevgi , Frenzel Jochen , Mundlos Christine 
Published: October 2024

This extensive AWMF 085-002 S2e-guideline “First Trimester Diagnosis and Therapy @ 11–13+6 Weeks of Gestation” has systematically analyzed high-quality studies and publications and the existing evidence (evidence tables) and produced recommendations (level of recommendation, level of evidence, strength of consensus).This guideline deals with the following topics in the context of the 11–13+6 weeks scan: the legal basis, screening for anatomical malformations, screening for chromosomal defects, quality assessment and audit, screening for preeclampsia and FGR, screening for preterm birth, screening for abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), screening for velamentous cord insertion and vasa praevia, screening for diabetes mellitus and LGA.Screening for complications of pregnancy can best be carried out @ 11–13+6 weeks of gestation. The issues of how to identify malformations, chromosomal abnormalities and certain disorders of placentation (high blood pressure and proteinuria, intrauterine growth retardation) have been solved. The problem of how to identify placenta percreta and vasa previa has been partially solved. What is still unsolved is how to identify disorders of glucose metabolism and preterm birth.In the first trimester, solutions to some of these problems are available: parents can be given extensive counselling and the risk that a pregnancy complication will manifest at a later stage can be delayed and reduced. This means that screening is critically important as it helps in decision-making about the best way to manage pregnancy complications (prevention and intervals between follow-up examinations).If no treatment is available and if a termination of pregnancy is considered, the intervention can be carried out with far lower complications compared to the second trimester of pregnancy. In most cases, further examinations are not required and the parents can be reassured. A repeat examination at around week 20 of gestation to complete the screening for malformations is recommended.
Note: The guideline will be published simultaneously in the official journals of both professional societies (i.e. Ultraschall in der Medizin/European Journal of Ultrasound for the DEGUM and Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde for the DGGG).
Effectiveness and Safety Data in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients after
Switching from Originator Rituximab to Biosimilar Rituximab
(CT-P10)
Authors: Ekin Ali , Misirci Salim , Lermi Nihal , Kutlu Nagehan Dik , Coskun Belkis Nihan , Yagız Burcu , Dalkılıç Ediz , Pehlivan Yavuz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Backgorund Rituximab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody used in the
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The molecule CT -P10 is a biosimilar of
rituximab used in rheumatoid arthritis and has the same safety and efficacy.
Material and methods The aim of our study was to investigate whether drug
efficacy decreases after the mandatory switch from originator rituximab to
biosimilar rituximab, whether there is an increase in disease activity indices
in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving rituximab, that could indicate
decreased efficacy, and whether the frequency of adverse events related to drug
safety remains comparable. We analysed 131 patients with rheumatoid arthritis
who received rituximab therapy between January 2010 and December 2022.These
patients were switched from the originator rituximab to biosimilar rituximab and
followed up.
Results After the switch, a statistically significant decrease in HAQ,
DAS-28-CRP, and CDAI scores was observed, while there was no increase in disease
activity in other scales. We found that the frequency of adverse events
associated with originator rituximab treatment was correlated with anti-CCP
positivity (OR=5.436; p=0.006), the presence of an infection requiring
hospitalisation (OR=3.917; p=0.012), and the duration of first rituximab
treatment (OR=1.032; p<0.001). Similarly, adverse events associated with the
use of biosimilar rituximab were associated with a history of infection
requiring hospitalisation (OR=50.762; p<0.001).There was not a statistically
significant difference between the originator and biosimilar rituximab for total
adverse events.
Conclusion Our results suggest that the use of biosimilar rituximab does
not lead to an increase in disease activity indices, indicating comparable
efficacy, and that the risk of adverse drug reactions is largely similar between
the use of original rituximab and biosimilar rituximab.
7.6.16 Turbo-Grignard Reagents and Turbo-Hauser Bases
Authors: Shi L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOne of the most significant advances in organomagnesium chemistry concerns the development and use of the “turbo-Grignard reagent” iPrMgCl•LiCl and related metalating agents, which allow entirely new and highly functionalized organomagnesium compounds to be generated in an unprecedented way. The manipulation of these reagents allows fundamental approaches to carbon–heteroatom and/or carbon–carbon bond formation and functional-group interconversions. In this review, the synthesis of such turbo-Grignard reagents and turbo-Hauser bases are summarized. In addition, their applications in the preparation of functionalized organomagnesium compounds, which are further transformed into various molecular building blocks, are covered as well.