bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Ecological Specialisation Among Multiple Piscivorous Morphs of a Diverse Assemblage of Salvelinus Fishes
Authors: Esin Evgeny V. , Shkil Fedor N. , Shulgina Elena V. , Baskakova Yulia A. , Markevich Grigorii N. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAdaptive radiation is considered to be a major source of biodiversity in charrs of the genus Salvelinus. These fishes demonstrate numerous examples of diversification in postglacial lakes and rivers resulting in the emergence of different ecomorphs, including piscivorous. Usually, the number of fish feeders does not exceed two, suggesting the existence of ecological and/or internal factors that prevent further diversification. Under these circumstances, rare instances of increases in the number of piscivorous morphs are of particular interest. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the piscivorous charr assemblage in Lake Kronotskoe, residence of the most diverse species flock of Salvelinus fishes. To unravel the diversity and ecological relationships of piscivorous charrs, we analysed their morphology and microsatellite DNA polymorphism, distribution within the lake, trophic preferences and parasite load, as well as trace element accumulation, stable isotope and free fatty acid ratios. We revealed that, apart from a few strictly benthivorous morphs, the lake is inhabited by four closely related but morphologically and genetically distinct morphs that exhibit a range of piscivorous specialisation: from opportunistic secondary predation to ultra‐specialised primary piscivory. They effectively exploit the spatiotemporal structure of the ecosystem and experience diversifying selection due to niche discordance. Each piscivorous morph develops specific phenotypic, ecological and life history traits that allow it to terminate weakly overlapping branches of the trophic chain and share the energy flows of the lake ecosystem. Our data suggest that Lake Kronotskoe facilitates high level of ecological opportunity that favours niche expansion and allows the piscivorous lineage to simultaneously realise the archetypical modes of ecological diversification available to fishes in cold‐water freshwaters.
Factors Influencing the Selection of Dentistry as a Career Among Prospective Candidates: A Multicentre Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Abdul Hamid Nor Faharina , Jaafar Azlan , Asming Nurshafikah Nazirah , Suria Nurul Syafiqah , Ho Ting Khee , Lim Zhi Yin Joan , Lim Tong Wah 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to analyse the impact of sociodemographic factors on dental school candidates' decision to pursue dentistry as their career of choice.Materials and MethodsCandidates shortlisted by three dental schools were invited to participate in a self‐administered questionnaire study, featuring a validated instrument containing sociodemographic questions and 16 motivational items grouped into four domains: economic, professional, vocational and personal background reasons. The variations in motivational item scores across sociodemographic factors were assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test (age, sex, ethnicity, having relatives in the dental profession and dentistry as the first choice) and Kruskal–Wallis test (dental school and family income).ResultsA total of 295 dental school candidates participated in the study (Universiti Teknologi MARA: 137; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia: 99; MAHSA University: 59). Approximately 95% of participants identified dentistry as their primary career choice, with the vocational motivation of ‘I like to help people’ being the most prominent motivational factor. Dental school emerged as the critical factor significantly influencing three quarters of the motivational items. Sex, ethnicity and having relatives in the dental profession were the remaining factors significantly associated with variations in certain motivational items. Both dental school and ethnicity significantly affected four motivational domains (economic, professional, vocational and personal background).ConclusionThis study provides an insightful overview of the sociodemographic factors that impact career decision‐making among prospective dental students. The scores for most motivational items varied among shortlisted candidates in three dental schools. The findings hold implications for policy development in dentistry by universities and public policymakers.
How Does Perceived Social Support Influence Students’ Science Academic Outcomes? A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Huangfu Qian , Luo Sisi , Huang Weilin , He Qianmei , Xia Zhenyang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTStudents’ perceived social support from important others may be an important protective factor in science self‐handicapping. This study examined the extent to which science self‐handicapping mediates the relationship between perceived social support and science academic outcomes (engagement and achievement). The study used a cross‐sectional survey design with self‐report data from 2654 participants in elementary schools and 2781 participants in high school from China. The results indicated that (1) perceived social support had an effect on students’ science academic engagement and achievement; (2) self‐handicapping in science mediated the entire process; (3) at different stages, different social support would not be equally important for the effects of adolescents’ self‐handicapping in science. The findings indicate that social support can create a positive academic environment to weaken the effect of self‐handicapping on students’ science academic outcomes, and educators need to consider the entire influence process differently in different academic stages of their students.
Hypothalamic cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting neurons project to the rostral agranular insular cortex: An immunofluorescence and ultrastructural analysis in the rat
Authors: Martínez‐Lorenzana Guadalupe , Gamal‐Eltrabily Mohammed , Palma‐Tirado Lourdes , González‐Hernández Abimael , Condés‐Lara Miguel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid‐contacting neurons (CSF‐cNS) are considered mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors involved in detecting changes in CSF circulation. However, considering that recent data suggest that this type of cell could exert an active response when an external stimulus is sensed, identification of CSF‐cNS may be relevant. In this regard, some data suggest that a neuronal connection exists between the ventral region of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and rostral agranular insular cortex (RAIC); indeed, a potential CSF‐cNS is hypothesized. However, a detailed analysis of this connection has not been conducted. Thus, using neuronal tracers (Fluoro‐Gold® (FG) and cholera toxin (ChT)) coupled with transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence assays against Fluoro‐Gold®, oxytocin (OXT), vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin receptors (OTR), we describe an oxytocinergic or vasopressinergic CSF‐cNS between the PVN and RAIC. Our results showed that CSF‐cNS along the PVN labelled with oxytocin and/or AVP were present in dendritic projections near the third ventricle. This CSF‐cNS in the PVN seems to project to the RAIC. Inside the RAIC, ultrastructural analysis showed that axons immunopositive for oxytocin from the PVN sustained synaptic connections with neurons that expressed OTR. These findings show that the CSF‐cNS from the PVN sends projections to the RAIC. To the best of our knowledge, the relevance of CSF‐cNS has not been elucidated; however, we hypothesized that the activation of cells could concomitantly release neuropeptides (i.e., oxytocin and AVP) in the CSF and RAIC. Thus, further analysis of the impact of neuropeptides released into the third ventricle and RAIC is warranted.
Child health and psychosocial wellness in the context of maternal role overload and depression
Authors: McIntosh Doneila L. , Trofholz Amanda , Tate Allan D. , Berge Jerica M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the variability of child health and psychosocial outcomes in the context of maternal role overload and maternal depression.BackgroundRole overload, characterized as time‐based role stress, is commonly linked to depression in mothers. However, it remains uncertain whether maternal role overload poses a risk for negative child health and wellness. Although maternal depression is a known risk factor for poor child health and psychosocial outcomes, the outcomes themselves often reveal variability.MethodThis study aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of child health and psychosocial outcomes using latent profile analyses. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine differences in profile membership based on the child's experiences of maternal role overload and depression. Data were from 1,172 mother–child dyads from the Family Matters study.ResultsThe analyses unveiled four distinct profiles (i.e., moderate health/psychosocial wellness, poor health/moderate psychosocial wellness, struggling health/poor psychosocial wellness, thriving health/psychosocial wellness), each associated with varying levels of health and psychosocial wellness. Both maternal role overload and depression were found to heighten the risk of poor health and psychosocial wellness in children.ConclusionChildren with struggling and poor health and psychosocial outcomes had higher odds of maternal depression and maternal role overload than children in the thriving profile. These findings suggest that maternal role overload is a potential risk to child health and psychosocial outcomes.ImplicationsThese findings emphasize the importance of continuous depression screening in mothers and the implementation of solution‐focused interventions targeting maternal role overload.
Divergent temporal responses of native macroinvertebrate communities to biological invasions
Authors: Soto Ismael , Macêdo Rafael L. , Carneiro Lais , Briski Elizabeta , Kouba Antonín , Cuthbert Ross N. , Haubrock Phillip J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiological invasions pose a major threat to biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and human well‐being. Non‐native species can have severe ecological impacts that are transformative, affecting ecosystems across both short‐term and long‐term timescales. However, few studies have determined the temporal dynamics of impact between these scales, impeding future predictions as invasion rates continue to rise. Our study uses a meta‐analytical approach to dissect the changing taxonomic and functional impacts of biological invasions on native macroinvertebrate populations and communities in freshwater ecosystems across Europe, using a recently collated European long‐term time series spanning several decades. Our findings reveal a complex temporal pattern: while initial stages of invasions (i.e. five years after the first record of non‐native species) often exhibited benign impacts on macroinvertebrate abundance, richness, or functional diversity, the long‐term (i.e. the period following the early invasion) effects became predominantly negative. This pattern was consistent between taxonomic and functional metrics for impacts at both the population and species level, with taxonomic metrics initially positively affected by invasions and functional metrics being more stable before also declining. These results suggest that even initially benign or positively perceived impacts could be eventually superseded by negative consequences. Therefore, understanding the magnitude of invasion effects increasingly requires long‐term studies spanning several years or decades to offer insights into effective conservation strategies prioritising immediate and future biodiversity protection efforts. These findings also highlight the importance of integrating multiple taxonomic, functional and temporal components to inform adaptive management approaches to mitigate the negative effects of current and future biological invasions.
A placebo controlled, randomized clinical trial of galcanezumab for vestibular migraine: The INVESTMENT study
Authors: Sharon Jeffrey D. , Krauter Roseanne , Chae Ricky , Gardi Adam , Hum Maxwell , Allen Isabel , Levin Morris 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo study if galcanezumab is effective for vestibular migraine (VM).BackgroundThere are currently no placebo‐controlled trials showing that treatment is effective for VM. Therefore, we performed the first placebo controlled, randomized clinical trial of a calcitonin gene–related peptide–targeted monoclonal antibody for VM.MethodsThis was a single site, prospective, double‐blind placebo controlled randomized clinical trial. Key inclusion criteria were as follows: participants aged 18–75 years with a diagnosis of VM or probable VM per Barany Society criteria. The primary outcome was change in VM‐PATHI (Vestibular Migraine Patient Assessment Tool and Handicap Inventory) score, and secondary outcomes included change in DHI (Dizziness Handicap Inventory) score, and count of definite dizzy days (DDDs). Participants were randomized 1:1 to 3 months of treatment with galcanezumab or placebo via subcutaneous injection with a pre‐filled syringe, 240 mg the first month, and 120 mg for the second and third months.ResultsForty participants were randomized, and 38 participants were in the modified intent to treat analysis. VM‐PATHI score was reduced 5.1 points (95% confidence interval [CI] −13.0 to 2.7) for placebo (N = 21), and 14.8 points (95% CI −23.0 to −6.5) for galcanezumab (N = 17), a difference of −9.6 (95% CI −20.7 to 1.5, p = 0.044). DHI dropped 8.3 points in the placebo arm (95% CI −15.0 to 1.6), and 22.0 points in the galcanezumab arm (95% CI −31.9 to −12.1), a difference of −13.7 (95% CI −20.4 to −8.5, p = 0.018). The count of DDDs per month dropped from 18 days (standard deviation [SD] 7.6) in the baseline month to 12.5 days (SD 11.2) in month 4 for those in the placebo arm, and from 17.9 days (SD 7.9) in the baseline month to 6.6 days (SD 7.3) in month 4 for those in the galcanezumab arm, a difference of −5.7 days (95% CI −10.7 to −0.7, p = 0.026). No serious adverse events were observed.ConclusionsIn this pilot study, galcanezumab was effective in treating VM.
Efficacy of galcanezumab in proline‐rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2)‐associated familial hemiplegic migraine: A case series
Authors: Sottani Costanza , Di Lazzaro Giulia , Calabresi Paolo , Pomponi Maria Grazia , Tiziano Francesco Danilo , Bentivoglio Anna Rita , Servidei Serenella , Vollono Catello 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundFamilial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare subtype of migraine with aura. Variants in calcium voltage‐gated channel subunit alpha1 A (CACNA1A), ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 2 (ATP1A2), and sodium voltage‐gated channel alpha subunit 1 (SCN1A) genes have a well‐established association with the development of FHM. Recent studies suggest that other genes may also have a significant role in the pathogenesis of FHM, including proline‐rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2). To our knowledge, there are currently no documented reports of the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting calcitonin gene‐related peptide in FHM caused by a specific identified genetic mutation – and in particular not in FHM associated with PRRT2 mutations. The aim of our work is to describe the efficacy of galcanezumab as a prophylaxis treatment on patients from an Italian family consisting of six patient carriers of a PRRT2 pathogenic variant.MethodsInclusion criteria for treatment eligibility consisted of a confirmed diagnosis of genetically confirmed FHM as defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition, number of headache days/month ≥4, and at least two previously failed migraine prophylaxis treatments. We evaluated clinical data of patients treated with galcanezumab regarding number of headache days/month, frequency of aura, disability caused by HM using the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), attack severity through a numerical rating scale (NRS), acute medications intake, and response to acute medications at baseline (t0) and after 3 (t1) and 6 (t2) months of treatment.ResultsThree out of six family members met inclusion criteria for treatment with galcanezumab. The average number of headache days/month, acute medications, and MIDAS significantly decreased in all treated patients, as well as the average NRS score. Aura frequency reduced by ≥50% compared to the baseline in all three patients. No adverse events related to galcanezumab were reported.ConclusionGalcanezumab is a valid and well‐tolerated treatment option in PRRT2‐associated FHM.
Effect of the membrane processing on tannin removal from soluble fraction of Persian gum
Authors: Akbarzadeh Anahita , Mirsaeedghazi Hossein , Azarikia Fatemeh 
Published: September 2024

SummaryTannins, which are known as anti‐nutrient compounds with capability of limiting proteins and minerals bioavailability, are present in Persian gum. Ultrafiltration (UF, polysulfone membrane, 30 and 90 kDa, 1, 2 and 5 bar) and nanofiltration (NF, polysulfone, 400 Da, 2.5 and 5 bar) were used to remove tannin from the soluble fraction of Persian gum. The results revealed that the highest amount of tannin removal was achieved in UF (5 bar) and NF (5 bar). However, the use of the membrane process significantly decreased the apparent viscosity of the permeate, which might have an undesirable effect on the functionality of the gum. The effects of membrane molecular weight cut‐off, feed temperature, ultrasound pre‐treatment, feed concentration and pH, on the amount of tannic acid reduction, and changes in permeate flux, volume concentration factor difference, tannin reduction efficiency, and permeate apparent viscosity were evaluated. The results showed that total tannin removal efficiency was increased by ultrasound pre‐treatment, reduction of feed pH, and higher membrane molecular weight cut‐off. Increasing the feed temperature and concentration enhanced the apparent viscosity of permeate, although its value was lower than the control sample.
Managing Challenging Behaviour in the Adolescent Inpatient Environment
Authors: Zuccala Matteo , Kielich Roman , O'Keefe Sophie , Webb Shannon 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTFrontline clinical staff, typically nurses, are routinely faced with the dilemma of managing challenging, defiant and sometimes unsafe behaviours. Structures of ward rules, regulations and ‘behavioural expectations’ are often employed in hospital environments in service of regulating these behaviours and ensuring collective well‐being. Adolescent inpatient populations, however, pose unique and particularly complex challenges for managing behavioural expectations, given the unique needs and inherent tempestuousness of this developmental period. This article presents a critical review of the existing literature on behavioural expectations for inpatient units, which is largely bereft of adolescent‐specific guidelines. Relevant theoretical perspectives are examined that lend understanding to the management of adolescent behaviour. Finally, drawing from neurodevelopmental, attachment and socio‐evolutionary theory, guiding clinical principles and recommendations are derived for best practice in managing challenging adolescent behaviour in hospital settings.
The impact of Malta's Tapering of Benefits scheme on employment outcomes
Authors: Sant Kurt 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article analyses the Tapering of Benefits scheme introduced in Malta in 2014, aimed at unlocking the poverty trap stalemate. Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard models are employed to analyse the impact that the scheme has had on the job‐finding rate and the chances of retaining employment once individuals who were previously on benefits find a job. The analyses are based on high‐quality national data on the whole population of beneficiaries and their employment histories. The results show that the scheme doubles the job‐finding probability, whilst the chance of job termination drops by 11.8 percentage points for eligible individuals. Furthermore, the scheme's impact once it finally tapers out is not different from the first 36 months, showing that its impact is robust in the medium term.
Successful transplantation of 50 single unit pediatric kidneys ages 11 to 48 months into adult recipients
Authors: Jacoby Karny , Lippman Howard R. , Hura Claudia E. , McFarlin Linda , Jones Cathy F. , Banowsky Lynn H. 
Published: September 2024

There is currently an imbalance between the need for cadaveric kidneys for transplantation and the supply. The medical criteria for accepting cadaveric donors are changing and organs that were originally thought to be unacceptable have functioned well. Previous reports have discussed the problems with transplanting pediatric allografts less than 4 years old into adult recipients, and the results have not been encouraging. From 1986 to 1991 a total of 50 kidneys ages 11 to 48 months were transplanted as single units into adult recipients (Group A). Ninety‐one adult donor cadaveric transplants were used as controls (Group B). The cadaveric transplants were 2nd or 3rd transplants in 7 of the Group A and 12 of the Group B patients. Renal preservation, storage times, and demographics were the same. Prednisone, cyclosporine, and either Minnesota ALG or OKT3 were used for immunosuppression in both groups. Imuran was added in immunologically high‐risk patients. The 1‐year actuarial patient and allograft survivals for Group A versus Group B were 89.5% versus 94.2% (p = 0.49) and 71.3% versus 87.8% (p=0.01). respectively. There was no difference in allograft or patient survival in kidneys from donors 11–24 months of age or 25‐48 months (p=0.56). Renal growth, as measured by sonography, occurred while on cyclosporine A. Excretory and hormonal function as measured by creatinine and hematocrit both improved. Seventy percent of the Group A patients and 76% of the Group B patients were free from rejection in the first 2 months post transplantation (p = 0.45). This is the largest single center scries using single renal units from donors less than 48 months old and demonstrates that pediatric cadaveric transplantation is both technically and physiologically feasible and that allograft and patient survival are acceptable. The subgroups within Group A of donors aged 11–24 and 25‐48 months do equally well. Excretory, hormonal function, and renal growth were excellent on cyclosporine A therapy.
Cross‐modal integration of bulk RNA‐seq and single‐cell RNA sequencing data to reveal T‐cell exhaustion in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Mingcong , Zhang Guorui , Cui Ting , Liu Jiaqi , Wang Qiuyu , Shang Desi , Yu Tingting , Guo Bingzhou , Huang Jinjie , Li Chunquan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a relatively common malignancy clinically and the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. Recent studies have identified T‐cell exhaustion as playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CRC. A long‐standing challenge in the clinical management of CRC is to understand how T cells function during its progression and metastasis, and whether potential therapeutic targets for CRC treatment can be predicted through T cells. Here, we propose DeepTEX, a multi‐omics deep learning approach that integrates cross‐model data to investigate the heterogeneity of T‐cell exhaustion in CRC. DeepTEX uses a domain adaptation model to align the data distributions from two different modalities and applies a cross‐modal knowledge distillation model to predict the heterogeneity of T‐cell exhaustion across diverse patients, identifying key functional pathways and genes. DeepTEX offers valuable insights into the application of deep learning in multi‐omics, providing crucial data for exploring the stages of T‐cell exhaustion associated with CRC and relevant therapeutic targets.