bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and Photometric Properties of the Andromeda Satellite Dwarf Galaxy Lacerta I from Deep Imaging with WIYN pODI
Authors: Rhode Katherine L. , Crnojević Denija , Sand David J. , Janowiecki Steven , Young Michael D. , Spekkens Kristine 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present results from WIYN pODI imaging of Lacerta I (And XXXI), a satellite dwarf galaxy discovered in the outskirts of the Andromeda galaxy (M31) in Pan-STARRS1 survey data. Our deep, wide-field

photometry reaches ∼3 mag fainter than the photometry in the Pan-STARRS1 discovery paper and allows us to trace the stellar population of Lac I beyond two half-light radii from the galaxy center. We measure a Tip of the Red Giant Branch distance for Lac I of

mag (773 ± 40 kpc, or 264 ± 6 kpc from M31), which is consistent with the Pan-STARRS1 distance. We use a maximum-likelihood technique to derive structural properties for the galaxy, and find a half-light radius (r

h
) of 3.24 ± 0.21 arcmin (728 ± 47 pc), ellipticity (

) of 0.44 ± 0.03, total magnitude M

V
= −11.4 ± 0.3, and central surface brightness

mag arcsec−2. We find no H i emission in archival data and set a limit on Lac I’s neutral gas mass-to-light ratio of

< 0.06

/

, confirming Lac I as a gas-poor dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Photometric metallicities derived from Red Giant Branch stars within 2 r

h
yield a median [Fe/H] of −1.68 ± 0.03, which is more metal-rich than the spectroscopically derived value from Martin et al. Combining our measured magnitude with this higher metallicity estimate places Lac I closer to its expected position on the luminosity–metallicity relation for dwarf galaxies.
Solar Energetic Particle Transport Near a Heliospheric Current Sheet
Authors: Battarbee Markus , Dalla Silvia , Marsh Mike S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Solar energetic particles (SEPs), a major component of space weather, propagate through the interplanetary medium strongly guided by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). In this work, we analyze the implications that a flat Heliospheric Current Sheet (HCS) has on proton propagation from SEP release sites to the Earth. We simulate proton propagation by integrating fully 3D trajectories near an analytically defined flat current sheet, collecting comprehensive statistics into histograms, fluence maps, and virtual observer time profiles within an energy range of 1–800 MeV. We show that protons experience significant current sheet drift to distant longitudes, causing time profiles to exhibit multiple components, which are a potential source of confusing interpretations of observations. We find that variation of the current sheet thickness within a realistic parameter range has little effect on particle propagation. We show that the IMF configuration strongly affects the deceleration of protons. We show that in our model, the presence of a flat equatorial HCS in the inner heliosphere limits the crossing of protons into the opposite hemisphere.
A Hard Look at the Neutron Stars and Accretion Disks in 4U 1636-53, GX 17+2, and 4U 1705-44 with NuStar
Authors: Ludlam R. M. , Miller J. M. , Bachetti M. , Barret D. , Bostrom A. C. , Cackett E. M. , Degenaar N. , Salvo T. Di , Natalucci L. , Tomsick J. A. , Paerels F. , Parker M. L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present NuSTAR observations of neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binaries: 4U 1636-53, GX 17+2, and 4U 1705-44. We observed 4U 1636-53 in the hard state, with an Eddington fraction,

, of 0.01; GX 17+2 and 4U 1705-44 were in the soft state with fractions of 0.57 and 0.10, respectively. Each spectrum shows evidence for a relativistically broadened Fe K
α
line. Through accretion disk reflection modeling, we constrain the radius of the inner disk in 4U 1636-53 to be

ISCO (innermost stable circular orbit), assuming a dimensionless spin parameter

, and

ISCO for

(errors quoted at 1σ). This value proves to be model independent. For

and

, for example, 1.08 ± 0.06 ISCO translates to a physical radius of

km, and the NS would have to be smaller than this radius (other outcomes are possible for allowed spin parameters and masses). For GX 17+2,

ISCO for

and

ISCO for

. For

and

,

ISCO translates to

km. The inner accretion disk in 4U 1705-44 may be truncated just above the stellar surface, perhaps by a boundary layer or magnetosphere; reflection models give a radius of 1.46–1.64 ISCO for

and 1.69–1.93 ISCO for

. We discuss the implications our results may have on the equation of state of ultradense, cold matter and our understanding of the innermost accretion flow onto NSs with low surface magnetic fields, and systematic errors related to the reflection models and spacetime metric around less idealized NSs.
First Results from the Hertzsprung SONG Telescope: Asteroseismology of the G5 Subgiant Star μ Herculis*
Authors: Grundahl F. , Andersen M. Fredslund , Christensen-Dalsgaard J. , Antoci V. , Kjeldsen H. , Handberg R. , Houdek G. , Bedding T. R. , Pallé P. L. , Jessen-Hansen J. , Aguirre V. Silva , White T. R. , Frandsen S. , Albrecht S. , Andersen M. I. , Arentoft T. , Brogaard K. , Chaplin W. J. , Harpsøe K. , Jørgensen U. G. , Karovicova I. , Karoff C. , Rasmussen P. Kjærgaard , Lund M. N. , Lundkvist M. Sloth , Skottfelt J. , Norup Sørensen A. , Tronsgaard R. , Weiss E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We report the first asteroseismic results obtained with the Hertzsprung Stellar Observations Network Group Telescope from an extensive high-precision radial-velocity observing campaign of the subgiant μ Herculis. The data set was collected during 215 nights in 2014 and 2015. We detected a total of 49 oscillation modes with l values from zero to three, including some l = 1 mixed modes. Based on the rotational splitting observed in l = 1 modes, we determine a rotational period of 52 days and a stellar inclination angle of 63°. The parameters obtained through modeling of the observed oscillation frequencies agree very well with independent observations and imply a stellar mass between 1.11 and 1.15 M
⊙ and an age of

Gyr. Furthermore, the high-quality data allowed us to determine the acoustic depths of the He ii ionization layer and the base of the convection zone.
Molecular Outflows: Explosive versus Protostellar
Authors: Zapata Luis A. , Schmid-Burgk Johannes , Rodríguez Luis F. , Palau Aina , Loinard Laurent 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
With the recent recognition of a second, distinctive class of molecular outflows, namely the explosive ones not directly connected to the accretion–ejection process in star formation, a juxtaposition of the morphological and kinematic properties of both classes is warranted. By applying the same method used in Zapata et al., and using 12CO(J = 2-1) archival data from the Submillimeter Array, we contrast two well-known explosive objects, Orion KL and DR21, to HH 211 and DG Tau B, two flows representative of classical low-mass protostellar outflows. At the moment, there are only two well-established cases of explosive outflows, but with the full availability of ALMA we expect that more examples will be found in the near future. The main results are the largely different spatial distributions of the explosive flows, consisting of numerous narrow straight filament-like ejections with different orientations and in almost an isotropic configuration, the redshifted with respect to the blueshifted components of the flows (maximally separated in protostellar, largely overlapping in explosive outflows), the very-well-defined Hubble flow-like increase of velocity with distance from the origin in the explosive filaments versus the mostly non-organized CO velocity field in protostellar objects, and huge inequalities in mass, momentum, and energy of the two classes, at least for the case of low-mass flows. Finally, all the molecular filaments in the explosive outflows point back to approximately a central position (i.e., the place where its “exciting source” was located), contrary to the bulk of the molecular material within the protostellar outflows.
The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: A First Look at IC 5146
Authors: Johnstone D. , Ciccone S. , Kirk H. , Mairs S. , Buckle J. , Berry D. S. , Broekhoven-Fiene H. , Currie M. J. , Hatchell J. , Jenness T. , Mottram J. C. , Pattle K. , Tisi S. , Francesco J. Di , Hogerheijde M. R. , Ward-Thompson D. , Bastien P. , Bresnahan D. , Butner H. , Chen M. , Chrysostomou A. , Coudé S. , Davis C. J. , Drabek-Maunder E. , Duarte-Cabral A. , Fich M. , Fiege J. , Friberg P. , Friesen R. , Fuller G. A. , Graves S. , Greaves J. , Gregson J. , Holland W. , Joncas G. , Kirk J. M. , Knee L. B. G. , Marsh K. , Matthews B. C. , Moriarty-Schieven G. , Mowat C. , Nutter D. , Pineda J. E. , Salji C. , Rawlings J. , Richer J. , Robertson D. , Rosolowsky E. , Rumble D. , Sadavoy S. , Thomas H. , Tothill N. , Viti S. , White G. J. , Wouterloot J. , Yates J. , Zhu M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present 450 and 850 μm submillimeter continuum observations of the IC 5146 star-forming region taken as part of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Gould Belt Survey. We investigate the location of bright submillimeter (clumped) emission with the larger-scale molecular cloud through comparison with extinction maps, and find that these denser structures correlate with higher cloud column density. Ninety-six individual submillimeter clumps are identified using FellWalker, and their physical properties are examined. These clumps are found to be relatively massive, ranging from 0.5

to 116

with a mean mass of 8

and a median mass of 3.7

. A stability analysis for the clumps suggests that the majority are (thermally) Jeans stable, with

. We further compare the locations of known protostars with the observed submillimeter emission, finding that younger protostars, i.e., Class 0 and I sources, are strongly correlated with submillimeter peaks and that the clumps with protostars are among the most Jeans unstable. Finally, we contrast the evolutionary conditions in the two major star-forming regions within IC 5146: the young cluster associated with the Cocoon Nebula and the more distributed star formation associated with the Northern Streamer filaments. The Cocoon Nebula appears to have converted a higher fraction of its mass into dense clumps and protostars, the clumps are more likely to be Jeans unstable, and a larger fraction of these remaining clumps contain embedded protostars. The Northern Streamer, however, has a larger number of clumps in total and a larger fraction of the known protostars are still embedded within these clumps.
Planet-induced Stellar Pulsations in HAT-P-2's Eccentric System
Authors: Wit Julien de , Lewis Nikole K. , Knutson Heather A. , Fuller Jim , Antoci Victoria , Fulton Benjamin J. , Laughlin Gregory , Deming Drake , Shporer Avi , Batygin Konstantin , Cowan Nicolas B. , Agol Eric , Burrows Adam S. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Langton Jonathan , Showman Adam P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Extrasolar planets on eccentric short-period orbits provide a laboratory in which to study radiative and tidal interactions between a planet and its host star under extreme forcing conditions. Studying such systems probes how the planet’s atmosphere redistributes the time-varying heat flux from its host and how the host star responds to transient tidal distortion. Here, we report the insights into the planet–star interactions in HAT-P-2's eccentric planetary system gained from the analysis of ∼350 hr of 4.5 μm observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The observations show no sign of orbit-to-orbit variability nor of orbital evolution of the eccentric planetary companion, HAT-P-2 b. The extensive coverage allows us to better differentiate instrumental systematics from the transient heating of HAT-P-2 b’s 4.5 μm photosphere and yields the detection of stellar pulsations with an amplitude of approximately 40 ppm. These pulsation modes correspond to exact harmonics of the planet’s orbital frequency, indicative of a tidal origin. Transient tidal effects can excite pulsation modes in the envelope of a star, but, to date, such pulsations had only been detected in highly eccentric stellar binaries. Current stellar models are unable to reproduce HAT-P-2's pulsations, suggesting that our understanding of the interactions at play in this system is incomplete.
Pediatric Traumatic Retinal Detachments: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes
Authors: Sul Sabahattin , Gurelik Gökhan , Korkmaz Safak , Ozdek Sengül , Hasanreisoglu Berati 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of retinal detachment (RD) after open globe injuries (OGIs) and closed globe injuries (CGIs).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
One hundred ten eyes of 110 patients aged 17 years or younger who underwent primary RD repair after OGI and CGI between 2010 and 2013 were reviewed retrospectively.

RESULTS:

Cataract (59.8% vs. 21.7%;
P
= .002) and vitreous hemorrhage (54% vs. 13%;
P
< .001) were significantly higher in OGIs than CGIs. Anatomical success rates were 75.9% in OGI and 82.6% in CGI (
P
= .586). Final visual acuity of 20/200 or greater was obtained in 23% of OGIs and 47.8% of CGIs (
P
= .035). Advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy was associated with poor anatomical and visual outcome in both OGIs and CGIs. In OGIs, macular detachment was associated with poor visual outcome, and in CGIs, vitrectomy and macular detachment were associated with poor visual outcome.

CONCLUSION:
Visual outcomes were not compatible with anatomical success in both groups. Advanced PVR seems to be the most prominent factor that influences the anatomical and functional success rates in both OGI and CGI.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:143–150.]
Efficacy of the Intravitreal Sustained-Release Dexamethasone Implant for Diabetic Macular Edema Refractory to Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy: Meta-Analysis and Clinical Implications
Authors: Khan Zainab , Kuriakose Robin K. , Khan Maryam , Chin Eric K , Almeida David R. P. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To assess the effect on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and efficacy of the intravitreal sustained-release 0.7 mg dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex; Allergan, Irvine, CA) in patients with recalcitrant diabetic macular edema (DME).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Meta-analysis utilizing the MOOSE framework and a random effects model. Studies included adults undergoing treatment with Ozurdex for DME. The methodologic quality of each study was assessed using the MINORS and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias for randomized studies.

RESULTS:
A total of 3,859 patients among 15 studies were included in the final analysis. The mean difference in BCVA was a gain of four lines or 20 Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters with Ozurdex at a mean follow-up period of 6 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
Treatment with Ozurdex is associated with significant mean improvement in visual acuity. Clinicians should have a multimodality approach to treating DME and be aware of this treatment option in those who have a suboptimal response to anti-VEGF therapy.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:160–166.]
Helsepersonells erfaringer og tanker om bruk av frivillige i palliativ omsorg
Authors: Skaar Ragnhild , Fensli Marthe M. F. , Flateland Sylvi M. , Söderhamn Ulrika 
Published: February 2017

Health care personnel’s experiences and thoughts on the use of volunteers in palliative care in a social perspectiveThe government of Norway is planning for the municipalities’ health care resources, including volunteering. The purpose of this study was to shed light on the experiences and thoughts of a group of health care personnel on the use of volunteers in palliative care in the community health care services, and to discuss the findings in a social perspective. Individual interviews were conducted with seven nurses and three nursing assistants. Using a qualitative content analysis three categories emerged: "The importance of organization, clarification and responsibility," "Qualifications" and "Different types of tasks," with the overarching theme: “Close monitoring and good clarification of roles can contribute to suitable volunteers functioning as an appropriate supplement for patients in palliative care in the community health care services”. The informants stated that trained health care personnel must perform the nursing tasks in palliative care while volunteers can be a positive supplement for the patient.
Comparison of Analgesic Effects of Novafen and Ibuprofen after Periodontal Surgeries
Authors: Babaloo Amirreza , Rahbar Mahdi , Ghasemi Shima , Chitsazi Mohammadtaghi , Moradzadeh Hamed 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Management of pain after dental procedures is one of the most important issues for dentists. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents, such as ibuprofen, are one of the most commonly used medications to relieve pain. Recently a new medication, Novafen, has been introduced into the Iranian pharmaceutical market, which is a combination of ibuprofen, acetaminophen and caffeine. Considering the importance of management of pain after periodontal surgeries and a paucity of studies in this respect, the present study was undertaken to compare the analgesic efficacy of Novafen and ibuprofen in alleviating pain after periodontal surgeries. Materials and methods: In the present controlled randomized clinical trial, 30 systemically healthy subjects with moderate to severe generalized chronic periodontitis, who were candidates for flap surgeries were evaluated in two groups with 30 areas in each group (two areas in each patient). After the periodontal surgical procedures, the subjects in group 1 received Novafen capsules (containing 325 mg of acetaminophen, 200 mg of ibuprofen and 40 mg of caffeine) and the subjects in group 2 received ibuprofen (400 mg). The medications were selected from one pharmaceutical company and the patients only used the medications they received. The severity of pain was determined and compared at 3-minute, 1-hour and 3-hour intervals using VAS and 1, 2 and 3 days postoperatively using VRS. Results: Severity of pain at 30-minute interval in the Novafen group was significantly less than that in the ibuprofen group, with no significant differences at 1- and 3-hour intervals. However, VRS revealed significantly less pain 1, 2 and 3 days postoperatively in the Novafen group compared to the ibuprofen group. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded than Novafen can be more effective after periodontal surgeries in alleviating pain. However, its pain control capacity was similar to that of ibuprofen during the early postoperative hours, with better performance 1‒3 days postoperatively.Key words: Novafen; ibuprofen; pain relief; periodontal surgery; Analgesia;
The Comparison of learning radiographic extraoral landmarks through two methods
Authors: Razi Tahmineh , Sighari Deljavan Alireza 
Published: February 2017

Objectives: The long time interval between teaching anatomy courses to students and the courses on extraoral radiographs results in forgetting the location of radiographic anatomic landmarks without any retention; therefore, it is necessary to use other educational techniques due to short duration of educational courses. To this end, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of a combination of lectures and computer techniques on teaching extraoral radiographs to undergraduate dental students. Methods: In the present interventional study, dental students entering the university in the same year (referred to as one class) were divided into two groups; one group received conventional teaching and one group received combinational teaching technique. Students entering the next year were taught using the same teaching techniques. The results were compared between groups and classes. Results: Comparison of the results of the first test between the two classes showed significant differences between the two groups (P<0.001). Comparison of the results of the second test between the two classes revealed no significant differences in the conventional method (P=0.76); however, the combination technique exhibited significant differences (P=0.006). In the first test, comparison of the two techniques in the students entering the university in 2006 showed no significant differences (P=0.055); however, students entering the university in 2007 exhibited significant differences (P=0.03). In the second test, comparison of the two techniques in both classes revealed significant differences (P<0.001).Conclusion: If more time is allocated to the combination technique, learning improves even in a short time. This method can replace the conventional method to teach interpretation of extraoral radiographs after evaluation of academic level of the studies. Keywords: Computer-assisted learning; extra-oral radiography; lecture;
Dynamic analysis of the polar ionosphere using the GPS signal: Toward an optimization of the cutoff scale
Authors: Mezaoui H. , Hamza A. M. , Jayachandran P. T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUsing Global Navigation Satellite System observations, such as the amplitude and the phase components of the GPS L1 signal, ionospheric scintillation is characterized and quantified using indices derived from those observables. However, the background electron density of the ionosphere is not stationary, presenting a trend and a nonzero mean, and the GPS motion induces a Doppler shift that will contribute to the nonstationary aspect of the signal; hence, the multiscale nature of the diffracted signal makes it difficult to extract the components of the signal that correspond to scintillation. Constructing scintillation indices from a signal that has a nonscintillation component will lead to erroneous estimation and biased characterization of the scintillation. In this context, we present a technique aiming at retrieving the scintillation components from the raw, transionospheric radio signals. Using wavelet analysis, we define and maximize the entropy of the system, which is composed of two subsystems corresponding to scintillation and nonscintillation contributions. The Tsallis entropy has been considered for the power component, for which a non‐Gaussian behavior has been observed. This entropy is based on a nonextensive approach that introduces a parameter q, quantifying the nonextensivity. On the other hand, the phase presents a Gaussian behavior and is analyzed using the Shannon‐Gibbs entropy. In both cases, the optimum cutoff scale, delimiting the scintillation components, is estimated via the maximization of the entropy, which, as defined here, is a function of the temporal scale. This optimization of the cutoff scale will be key in the construction of an optimum, unbiased index quantifying the ionospheric scintillation using GPS signal.