bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Functional and Psychosocial Outcomes After Hypoxic‐Ischemic Brain Injury: A Case‐Controlled Comparison to Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Harbinson Meredith , Zarshenas Sareh , Cullen Nora K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundDespite the increasing rate of survival from hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury (HIBI), there is a paucity of evidence on the long‐term functional outcomes after inpatient rehabilitation among these nontrauma patients compared to patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).ObjectivesTo compare functional and psychosocial outcomes of patients with HIBI to those of case‐matched patients with TBI 4‐11 years after brain insult.DesignRetrospective, matched case‐controlled study.MethodsData at the time of rehabilitation admission and discharge were collected as part of a larger acquired brain injury (ABI) database at Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (TRI) between 1999 and 2009. This study consisted of 11 patients with HIBI and 11 patients with TBI that attended the neuro‐rehabilitation day program at TRI during a similar time frame and were matched on age, admission Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores, and acute care length of stay (ALOS). At 4‐11 years following brain insult, patients were reassessed using the FIM, Disability Rating Scale (DRS), Personal Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ‐9), and the Mayo‐Portland Adaptability Inventory 4 (MPAI‐4).ResultsAt follow‐up, patients with HIBI had significantly lower FIM motor and cognitive scores than patients with TBI (75.3 ± 20.6 versus 88.1 ± 4.78, P < .05, and 25.5 ± 5.80 versus 32.7 ± 2.54, P <.05, respectively) despite having a similar time frame postinsult (ie, 4‐11 years). In addition, there were significant differences in motor and total FIM change from admission to follow‐up between HIBI and TBI patients (P < .05). Patients with HIBI also had significantly lower scores on the DRS, PHQ‐9, and total MPAI‐4 at follow‐up (P < .05).ConclusionsThe study results suggest that patients with HIBI achieve less long‐term functional improvements compared to patients with TBI. Further research is warranted to compare the components of inpatient rehabilitation while adjusting for demographics and clinical characteristics between these 2 groups of patients.Level of EvidenceIII
Use of Electroencephalography Brain‐Computer Interface Systems as a Rehabilitative Approach for Upper Limb Function After a Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: Monge‐Pereira Esther , Ibañez‐Pereda Jaime , Alguacil‐Diego Isabel M. , Serrano Jose I. , Spottorno‐Rubio María P. , Molina‐Rueda Francisco 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundBrain‐computer interface (BCI) systems have been suggested as a promising tool for neurorehabilitation. However, to date, there is a lack of homogeneous findings. Furthermore, no systematic reviews have analyzed the degree of validation of these interventions for upper limb (UL) motor rehabilitation poststroke.ObjectivesThe study aims were to compile all available studies that assess an UL intervention based on an electroencephalography (EEG) BCI system in stroke; to analyze the methodological quality of the studies retrieved; and to determine the effects of these interventions on the improvement of motor abilities.TypeThis was a systematic review.Literature SurveySearches were conducted in PubMed, PEDro, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial from inception to September 30, 2015.MethodologyThis systematic review compiles all available studies that assess UL intervention based on an EEG‐BCI system in patients with stroke, analyzing their methodological quality using the Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies, and determining the grade of recommendation of these interventions for improving motor abilities as established by the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐based Medicine. The articles were selected according to the following criteria: studies evaluating an EEG‐based BCI intervention; studies including patients with a stroke and hemiplegia, regardless of lesion origin or temporal evolution; interventions using an EEG‐based BCI to restore functional abilities of the affected UL, regardless of the interface used or its combination with other therapies; and studies using validated tools to evaluate motor function.SynthesisAfter the literature search, 13 articles were included in this review: 4 studies were randomized controlled trials; 1 study was a controlled study; 4 studies were case series studies; and 4 studies were case reports. The methodological quality of the included papers ranged from 6 to 15, and the level of evidence varied from 1b to 5. The articles included in this review involved a total of 141 stroke patients.ConclusionsThis systematic review suggests that BCI interventions may be a promising rehabilitation approach in subjects with stroke.Level of EvidenceII
Validación de la traducción al idioma español del Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure
Authors: Aguilar-Barojas Saraí , Jiménez-Sastré Alejandro , Castillo-Orueta María Luisa 
Published: May 2017

Introducción: El ambiente educacional es un aspecto vital para obtener resultados de calidad en las escuelas de medicina, por ello es importante contar con instrumentos confiables que evalúen la percepción de los estudiantes. De los instrumentos que existen, la escala Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) es la más utilizada a nivel internacional para ese fin. Objetivo: Validar la escala DREEM después de traducirla y adecuarla del idioma inglés al español-mexicano. Método: Para validar la traducción se utilizó metodología cualitativa que consideró traducción, retrotraducción y tres grupos focales. Para validar la consistencia interna se utilizó el cálculo del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach y correlación corregida ítem-subescala, en lo expresado por una muestra de 110 estudiantes de medicina. Resultados: Sobre la traducción literal y primera adecuación hubo total coincidencia positiva de los traductores revisores en 40 de los 50 ítems. Diez ítems donde no hubo coincidencia, se volvieron a redactar de acuerdo con la reconciliación de las sugerencias de los traductores. A través de los grupos focales se identificaron ocho ítems que se adecuaron para que fueran comprendidos por los estudiantes, tratando de no modificar el campo semántico. El coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach calculado para la validación de la consistencia de las subescalas, resultó en la percepción de la enseñanza y los docentes >0.8, la autopercepción académica y la atmósfera >0.7 y la autopercepción social <0.6 considerándose la fiabilidad buena, aceptable y pobre, respectivamente. El alfa de Cronbach del DREEM global se calculó en 0.93 y se considera excelente. Conclusiones: La escala DREEM no perdió su fiabilidad con la traducción realizada, las sustituciones de términos y adecuaciones del original diseñado en idioma inglés, por lo tanto, se pueden aplicar en México a estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Medicina para indagar la percepción que tienen sobre el ambiente educacional.
Corynespora, Exosporium and Helminthosporium revisited - New species and generic reclassification
Authors: Voglmayr H. , Jaklitsch W.M. 
Published: May 2017

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of a multigene matrix of partial nuSSU-ITS-LSU rDNA, rpb2 and tef1 sequences were performed to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of Corynespora, Exosporium and Helminthosporium species. Based on phylogenetic
analyses and morphology, the genus Exosporium is synonymised with Helminthosporium, and the genus Corynespora is revealed as polyphyletic. Corynespora smithii is confirmed to be closely related to the generic type C. cassiicola and its morphology is
described and illustrated. Exosporium tiliae, Corynespora caespitosa, C. endiandrae, C. leucadendri and C. olivacea are recognised in Helminthosporium, and Splanchnonema quercicola and S. kalakadense are combined in
Helminthosporium. Based on pure culture studies and DNA sequence data, Massaria heterospora and Massarinula italica are shown to be the sexual morphs of Helminthosporium tiliae and H. microsorum, respectively. European accessions of Splanchnonema
quercicola are recognised to differ from the North American type and are described as Helminthosporium quercinum. The sexual morph of H. oligosporum is recorded and described for the first time. The generic type of Helminthosporium, H. velutinum, is
epitypified with a recent collection from the type host, Fagus sylvatica. Based on sequence data, Helminthosporium genistae is recognised as a distinct species. Several species for which subperidermal stromata have been reported are shown to be fungicolous on Diaporthales,
the “stromata” representing aborted and transformed host stromata or conidiomata: H. caespitosum, H. microsorum, H. quercicola and H. quercinum on Coryneum spp.; H. hispanicum on conidiomata of Juglanconis juglandina;
H. juglandinum on conidiomata of Diaporthe sp.; H. oligosporum and H. tiliae on Hercospora tiliae. The newly described H. austriacum is fungicolous on Amphisphaeria cf. millepunctata (Xylariales).
Bupivacaine Field Block With Clonidine for Postoperative Pain Control in Posterior Spine Approaches: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial
Authors: Abdel Hay Joe , Kobaiter-Maarrawi Sandra , Tabet Patrick , Moussa Ronald , Rizk Tony , Nohra Georges , Okais Nabil , Samaha Elie , Maarrawi Jospeh 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The synergistic effect of clonidine with bupivacaine, well established in peripheral nerve blocks, remains controversial in local field block for postoperative analgesia.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the potential analgesic benefit of adding clonidine to bupivacaine during preincisional field block in posterior approaches for spine surgeries.

METHODS
Two hundred twenty-five patients were enrolled in this study and underwent lumbar spinal fusion (n = 80), lumbar laminectomy (n = 25), lumbar microdiscectomy (n = 94), or cervical laminectomy (n = 26). In each surgical subgroup, patients were randomly assigned in a double-blinded fashion to receive either 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine alone (control group, n = 109) or with 150 μg clonidine (clonidine group, n = 116) in the form of a preincisional field block. Outcome parameters included area under the curve of pain from postoperative day D0 to D8 and rescue morphine consumption from D0 to D3.

RESULTS
The area under the curve was reduced in the clonidine group, particularly in the microdiscectomy subgroup, and without reaching statistical significance in the cervical laminectomy subgroup. Total rescue morphine consumption was reduced in the clonidine group, particularly at D1-D2, a benefit that was exclusive to the lumbar stenosis and lumbar fusion subgroups. Field block with clonidine, surgical subgroup, and the presence of preoperative spinal pain were factors independently influencing postoperative wound pain in multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSION
The addition of clonidine to local preincisional field block with bupivacaine resulted in better and prolonged postoperative analgesia in posterior lumbar spine surgeries, an effect that was more pronounced in patients with no preoperative spinal pain.
Evaluation of the added value of 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the diagnosis of pediatric brain lesions in clinical practice
Authors: Manias Karen , Gill Simrandip K , Zarinabad Niloufar , Davies Paul , English Martin , Ford Daniel , MacPherson Lesley , Nicklaus-Wollenteit Ina , Oates Adam , Solanki Guirish , Adamski Jenny , Wilson Martin , Peet Andrew C 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) aids noninvasive diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors, but use in clinical practice is not well documented. We aimed to review clinical use of MRS, establish added value in noninvasive diagnosis, and investigate potential impact on patient care.

Methods
Sixty-nine children with lesions imaged using MRS and reviewed by the tumor board from 2014 to 2016 met inclusion criteria. Contemporaneous MRI diagnosis, spectroscopy analysis, histopathology, and clinical information were reviewed. Final diagnosis was agreed on by the tumor board at study end.

Results
Five cases were excluded for lack of documented MRI diagnosis. The principal MRI diagnosis by pediatric radiologists was correct in 59%, increasing to 73% with addition of MRS. Of the 73%, 19.1% (95% CI, 9.1%-33.3%) were incorrectly diagnosed with MRI alone. MRS led to a significant improvement in correct diagnosis over all tumor types (P = .012). Of diagnoses correctly made with MRI, confidence increased by 37% when adding MRS, with no patients incorrectly re-diagnosed. Indolent lesions were diagnosed noninvasively in 85% of cases, with MRS a major contributor to 91% of these diagnoses. Of all patients, 39% were managed without histopathological diagnosis. MRS contributed to diagnosis in 68% of this group, modifying it in 12%. MRS influenced management in 33% of cases, mainly through avoiding and guiding biopsy and aiding tumor characterization.

Conclusion
MRS can improve accuracy and confidence in noninvasive diagnosis of pediatric brain lesions in clinical practice. There is potential to improve outcomes through avoiding biopsy of indolent lesions, aiding tumor characterization, and facilitating earlier family discussions and treatment planning.
Microvascular Decompression for Patients With Hemifacial Spasm Associated With Common Trunk Anomaly of the Cerebellar Arteries—Case Study and Review of Literature
Authors: Refaee Ehab El , Rosenstengel Christian , Baldauf Joerg , Pillich Dirk T , Matthes Marc , Schroeder Henry W S 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Few previous studies have described the origin of both anterior and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries from one vessel as a common trunk anomaly. No previous studies have clearly described the aforementioned anomaly depending on intraoperative endoscopic visualization.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association of a common trunk anomaly with hemifacial spasm, which makes microvascular decompression more challenging.

METHODS
All patients with common trunk anomaly associated with hemifacial spasm who received surgical treatment between 2006 and 2015 in our institution were identified in our prospectively collected database. Detection of the common trunk anomaly was performed using the intraoperative high-definition endoscopic inspection and confirmed by a retrospective review of the obtained operative videos.

RESULTS
Out of 248 cases of hemifacial spasm, 21 cases with a common trunk anomaly were detected, with an incidence rate of 8.5%. In 6 cases, the spasm was caused by more than 1 offending vessel “complex compression.” In 19 cases, total recovery occurred on follow-up, while in 1 case, 90% recovery occurred. One patient was spasm-free immediately after surgery, but died 3 wk after operation from herpes encephalitis.

CONCLUSION
Common trunk anomaly in hemifacial spasm is rare. The surgical technique is mostly identical to decompression with normally arising vessels. However, in case of a bifurcation situated close to the compression site where the offending vessel cannot be transposed freely, an extensive cushioning along the trunk and the offending vessels with teflon pledgets should be performed. The presence of a common trunk anomaly does not affect the surgical results.
Single-Fractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Intracranial Meningioma in Elderly Patients: 25-Year Experience at a Single Institution
Authors: Hasegawa Hirotaka , Hanakita Shunya , Shin Masahiro , Koga Tomoyuki , Takahashi Wataru , Nomoto Akihiro K , Sakuramachi Madoka , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been accepted as a therapeutic option for intracranial meningiomas; however, the detailed data on outcomes in elderly patients remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE
To delineate the efficacy of SRS for meningiomas in elderly patients.

METHODS
The outcomes of 67 patients aged ≥65 yr who underwent SRS for benign intracranial meningioma (World Health Organization grade I) between 1990 and 2014 at our institution were retrospectively analyzed. The median age was 71 yr (range, 65-83 yr), and the mean and median follow-up were 62 and 52 mo (range, 7-195 mo), respectively. Tumor margins were irradiated with a median dose of 16 Gy, and the median tumor volume was 4.9 cm3 (range, 0.7-22.9 cm3).

RESULTS
Actuarial local tumor control rates at 3, 5, and 10 yr after SRS were 92%, 86%, and 72%, respectively. Previous surgery and parasagittal/falcine location were statistically significant predictive factors for failed tumor control. Mild or moderate adverse events were noted in 9 patients. No severe adverse event was observed. A higher margin dose was significantly associated with adverse events by univariate analysis.

CONCLUSION
SRS is one of the standard therapies for meningiomas in elderly patients, providing both favorable tumor control and a low risk of adverse events under minimum invasiveness.
Treatment of retroperitoneal sarcoma: current standards and new developments
Authors: van Houdt Winan J. , Zaidi Shane , Messiou Christina , Thway Khin , Strauss Dirk C. , Jones Robin L. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
Retroperitoneal sarcomas are rare tumors and with complex treatment. In this manuscript we give an overview of current standards in treatment of this disease and discuss new developments.

Recent findings
Surgery with complete resection of the primary tumor is still the only curative modality. The role of preoperative radiotherapy is not clear and is currently being investigated in a clinical trial. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is not the standard of care but can be considered occasionally when complete resection is uncertain. Local and distant recurrent disease carries a dismal prognosis, although long-term survival can be achieved. Liposarcomas tend to recur locally, whereas distant recurrences are more often seen in leiomyosarcoma and other subtypes. Outcome improves when patients are treated in high volume sarcoma centers. In the metastatic setting, newer systemic agents have recently been approved.

Summary
Treatment of retroperitoneal sarcomas is complex and all patients should be treated in a multidisciplinary sarcoma centers. Increasing international collaboration of expert centers in sharing expertise and performing clinical trials might lead to better treatment and improved survival.
Beyond Googling: The Ethics of Using Patients' Electronic Footprints in Psychiatric Practice
Authors: Fisher Carl E. , Appelbaum Paul S. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Electronic communications are an increasingly important part of people’s lives, and much information is accessible through such means. Anecdotal clinical reports indicate that mental health professionals are beginning to use information from their patients’ electronic activities in treatment and that their data-gathering practices have gone far beyond simply searching for patients online. Both academic and private sector researchers are developing mental health applications to collect patient information for clinical purposes. Professional societies and commentators have provided minimal guidance, however, about best practices for obtaining or using information from electronic communications or other online activities. This article reviews the clinical and ethical issues regarding use of patients’ electronic activities, primarily focusing on situations in which patients share information with clinicians voluntarily. We discuss the potential uses of mental health patients’ electronic footprints for therapeutic purposes, and consider both the potential benefits and the drawbacks and risks. Whether clinicians decide to use such information in treating any particular patient—and if so, the nature and scope of its use—requires case-by-case analysis. But it is reasonable to assume that clinicians, depending on their circumstances and goals, will encounter circumstances in which patients’ electronic activities will be relevant to, and useful in, treatment.
CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND STRUCTURAL PROGRESSION WITH VISUAL ACUITY LOSS IN MACULAR TELANGIECTASIA TYPE 2
Authors: Peto Tunde , Heeren Tjebo F. C. , Clemons Traci E. , Sallo Ferenc B. , Leung Irene , Chew Emily Y. , Bird Alan C. ,   on behalf of the MacTel Study Group
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate progression of macular telangiectasia Type 2 lesions and their correlation with visual acuity.

Methods:
An international multicenter prospective study with annual examinations including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography images graded centrally. Mixed models were used to estimate progression rates, and a generalized linear model to compute the relative risk of BCVA loss, loss of ellipsoid zone (EZ) reflectivity, development of pigment plaques, or neovascularization.

Results:
One thousand and fourteen eyes of 507 participants were followed for 4.2 ± 1.6 years. Best-corrected visual acuity decreased 1.07 ± 0.05 letters (mean ± SE) per year. Of all eyes, 15% lost ≥15 letters after 5 years. Of the eyes without EZ loss, 76% developed a noncentral loss. Of the eyes with noncentral loss, 45% progressed to central EZ loss. The rate of BCVA loss in eyes with noncentral EZ loss at baseline was similar to eyes without EZ loss. The rate of BCVA loss was significantly higher in eyes with central EZ loss at baseline (−1.40 ± 0.14 letters, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Ellipsoid zone loss is frequently found in macular telangiectasia Type 2 and is an important structural component reflecting visual function. Its presence in the fovea significantly correlates with worse visual prognosis.
Norepinephrine in septic shock: when and how much?
Authors: Hamzaoui Olfa , Scheeren Thomas W.L. , Teboul Jean-Louis 
Published: May 2017

Purpose of review
Norepinephrine is the first-line agent recommended during resuscitation of septic shock to correct hypotension due to depressed vascular tone. Important clinical issues are the best timing to start norepinephrine, the optimal blood pressure target, and the best therapeutic options to face refractory hypotension when high doses of norepinephrine are required to reach the target.

Recent findings
Recent literature has reported benefits of early administration of norepinephrine because of the following reasons: profound and durable hypotension is an independent factor of increased mortality, early administration of norepinephrine increases cardiac output, improves microcirculation and avoids fluid overload. Recent data are in favor of targeting a mean arterial pressure of at least 65 mmHg and higher values in case of chronic hypertension. When hypotension is refractory to norepinephrine, it is recommended adding vasopressin, which is relatively deficient during sepsis and acts on other vascular receptors than α1-adernergic receptors. However, increasing the dose of norepinephrine further cannot be discouraged.

Summary
Early administration of norepinephrine is beneficial for septic shock patients to restore organ perfusion. The mean arterial pressure target should be individualized. Adding vasopressin is recommended in case of shock refractory to norepinephrine.