bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetotelluric Constraints on the Occurrence of Lower Crustal Earthquakes in the Intra‐plate Setting of Central Indian Tectonic Zone
Authors: ABDUL AZEEZ K. K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLower crustal earthquake occurrence in the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) of the Indian sub‐continent was investigated using magnetotelluric (MT) data. MT models across the CITZ, including the new resistivity model across the 1938 Satpura lower crustal earthquake epicenter, show low resistive (<80 Ωm) mid‐lower crust and infer small volume (<1 vol%) of aqueous fluids existing in most part of lower crust. This in conjunction with xenoliths and other geophysical data supports a predominant brittle/semi‐brittle lower crustal rheology. However, the local deep crustal zones with higher fluid content of 2.2%–6.5% which have been mapped imply high pore pressure conditions. The observation above and the significant strain rate in the region provide favorable conditions (strong/moderate rock strength, moderate temperature, high pore pressure and high strain rate) for brittle failure in the lower crust. It can be inferred that the fluid‐rich pockets in the mid‐lower crust might have catalyzed earthquake generation by acting as the source of local stress (fluid pressure), which together with the regional stress produced critical seismogenic stress conditions. Alternatively, fluids reduce the shear strength of the rocks to favor tectonic stress concentration that can be transferred to seismogenic faults to trigger earthquakes.
Platinum‐group Mineral (PGM) and Base‐metal Sulphide (BMS) Inclusions in Chromitites of the Zedang Ophiolite, Southern Tibet, China and their Petrogenetic Significance
Authors: Guolin GUO , Jingsui YANG , ROBINSON Paul T. , Xiaodong LIU , Xiangzhen XU , Fahui XIONG 
Published: June 2016

AbstractVoluminous platinum‐group mineral (PGM) inclusions including erlichmanite (Os,Ru)S2, laurite (Ru,Os)S2, and irarsite (Ir,Os,Ru,Rh)AsS, as well as native osmium Os(Ir) and inclusions of base metal sulphides (BMS), including millerite (NiS), heazlewoodite (Ni3S2), covellite (CuS) and digenite (Cu3S2), accompanied by native iron, have been identified in chromitites of the Zedang ophiolite, Tibet. The PGMs occur as both inclusions in magnesiochromite grains and as small interstitial granules between them; most are less than 10 μm in size and vary in shape from euhedral to anhedral. They occur either as single or composite (biphase or polyphase) grains composed solely of PGM, or PGM associated with silicate grains. Os‐, Ir‐, and Ru‐rich PGMs are the common species and Pt‐, Pd‐, and Rh‐rich varieties have not been identified. Sulfur fugacity and temperature appear to be the main factors that controlled the PGE mineralogy during crystallization of the host chromitite in the upper mantle. If the activity of chalcogenides (such as S, and As) is low, PGE clusters will remain suspended in the silicate melt until they can coalesce to form alloys. Under appropriate conditions of fS2 and fO2, PGE alloys might react with the melt to form sulfides‐sulfarsenides. Thus, we suggest that the Os, Ir and Ru metallic clusters and alloys in the Zedang chromitites crystallized first under high temperature and low fS2, followed by crystallization of sulphides of the laurite‐erlichmanite, solid‐solution series as the magma cooled and fS2 increased. The abundance of primary BMS in the chromitites suggests that fS2 reached relatively high values during the final stages of magnesiochromite crystallization. The diversity of the PGE minerals, in combination with differences in the petrological characteristics of the magnesiochromites, suggest different degrees of partial melting, perhaps at different depths in the mantle. The estimated parental magma composition suggests formation in a suprasubduction zone environment, perhaps in a forearc.
Newly Discovered Native Gold and Bismuth in the Cihai Iron‐Cobalt Deposit, Eastern Tianshan, Northwest China
Authors: Jiahao ZHENG , Jingwen MAO , Fuquan YANG , Fengmei CHAI , Feng LIU 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Cihai iron‐cobalt deposit is located in the southern part of the eastern Tianshan iron‐polymetallic metallogenic belt. Anomalous native gold and bismuth have been newly identified in Cinan mining section of the Cihai deposit. Ore formation in the deposit can be divided into three stages based on geological and petrographical observations: (I) skarn, with the main mineral assemblage being garnet‐pyroxene‐magnetite; (II) retrograde alteration, forming the main iron ores and including massive magnetite, native gold, native bismuth, and cobalt‐bearing minerals, with the main mineral assemblage being ilvaite‐magnetite‐native gold‐native bismuth; and (III) quartz‐calcite‐sulfide assemblage that contains quartz, calcite, pyrrhotite, cobaltite, and safflorite. Native gold mainly coexists with native bismuth, and they are paragenetically related. The temperature of initial skarn formation was higher than 340°C, and then subsequently decreased to ∼312°C and ∼266°C. The temperature of the hydrothermal fluid during the iron ore depositional event was higher than the melting point of native bismuth (271°C), and native bismuth melt scavenged gold in the hydrothermal fluid, forming a Bi‐Au melt. As the temperature decreased, the Bi‐Au melt was decomposed into native gold and native bismuth. The native gold and native bismuth identified during this study can provide a scientific basis for prospecting and exploration for both gold‐ and bismuth‐bearing deposits in the Cihai mining area. The gold mineralization in Cihai is a part of the Early Permian Cu‐Ni‐Au‐Fe polymetallic ore‐forming event, and its discovery has implications for the resource potential of other iron skarn deposits in the eastern Tianshan.
Hydrogen Incorporation in Crystalline Jadeite: Insight from First Principles Calculations
Authors: Xiaoling ZHANG , Xiaoyu FAN , Dawei MENG , Xiuling WU , Weiping LIU 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHydrogen incorporation is critical for explaining defect energies, structure parameters and other physical characteristics of minerals and understanding mantle dynamics. This work analyzed the hydrogen complex defects in jadeite by the plane‐wave pseudo‐potential method based on density functional theory, and optimized the atomic positions and lattice constants in all configurations (different defective systems). Incorporation mechanisms considered for hydrogen (H) in jadeite include: (1) hydrogen incorporating with the 02 site oxygen and coexisting with M2 vacancy; (2) one H atom combined with an Al atom replacing Si in tetrahedron; (3) 4H atoms directly replacing Si in tetrahedron and (4) 3H atoms replacing Al on the Ml site. The four incorporation mechanisms mentioned above form the corresponding VNa‐Hi, AlSi‐Hi, VSi‐4Hi and VAl‐3Hi point defects. The molecular dynamics simulation to the ideal, VNa‐Hi, Alsi‐Hi, VSi‐4Hi and VAl‐3Hi point defects under the P‐T conditions of 900 K, 2 GPa, the VNa‐Hi and AlSi‐Hi point defects under different pressures at T = 900 K, and AlSi‐Hi point defects under different temperatures at P = 3 GPa was performed to examine the preferential mode of hydrogen incorporation in jadeite by means of first‐principles calculations. The calculations show that the averaged O–H bond‐length in the hydrogen point defects system decreased in the order of AlSi‐Hi, VNa‐Hi, Vsr‐4Hi and VAl 3Hi. VNa‐Hi complex defects result in a contraction of the jadeite volume and the presence of AlSi‐Hi, VSi‐4Hi and VAl‐3Hi defects could increase the supercell volume, which is the most obvious in the VAl‐3Hi defects. The energy of formation of AISi‐Hi and VAl‐3Hi complex defects was much lower than that of other defect systems. The VAl‐3Hi defects system has the lowest energy and the shortest O–H bond‐length, suggesting that this system is the most favorable. The analytical results of vacancy formation energy, O‐H bond‐length, and the stability of the hydrogen defects in jadeite have suggested that the preferred hydration incorporation mode in jadeite is VAl‐3Hi complex defect.
Diagenesis of the Triassic Yanchang Formation Tight Sandstone Reservoir in the Xifeng–Ansai Area of Ordos Basin and its Porosity Evolution
Authors: Mingjie LIU , Zhen LIU , Peng WANG , Gaofeng PAN 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis work aims to reveal the evolution of the porosity in the Triassic Yanchang Formation tight sandstone reservoir of the Xifeng–Ansai area of Ordos Basin. Based on destructive diagenesis (compaction and cementation) and constructive diagenesis (dissolution) of sandstone reservoirs, this study analyzed the diagenesis characteristics of the tight sandstone reservoirs in this area, and discussed the relationship between sandstone diagenesis and porosity evolution in combination with present porosity profile characteristics of sandstone reservoir. The effect simulation principle was employed for the mathematical derivation and simulation of the evolution of porosity in the Yanchang Formation tight sandstone reservoirs. The result shows that compaction always occurs in tight sandstone reservoirs in the Yanchang Formation, and cementation occurs when the burial depth increases to a certain value and remains ever since. Dissolution occurs only at a certain stage of the evolution with window features. In the corresponding present porosity profile, diagenesis is characterized by segmentation. From the shallow to the deep, compaction, compaction, cementation and dissolution, compaction and cementation occur successively. Therefore, the evolution of sandstone porosity can be divided into normal compaction section, acidification and incremental porosity section, and normal compaction section after dissolution. The results show that the evolution of sandstone porosity can be decomposed into porosity reduction model and porosity increase model. The superposition of the two models at the same depth in the three stages or in the same geological time can constitute the evolution simulation of the total porosity in sandstone reservoirs. By simulating the evolution of sandstone reservoir porosity of the eighth member in Xifeng area and the sixth member in Ansai area, it shows that they are similar in the evolution process and trend. The difference is caused by the regional uplift or subsidence and burial depth.
Groundwater Recharge and Mixing in Arid and Semiarid Regions: Heihe River Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Guoliang CAO , Chunmiao ZHENG , SIMMONS Craig T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA sound understanding of groundwater recharged from various sources occurring at different time scales is crucial for water management in arid and semi‐arid river basins. Groundwater recharge sources and their geochemical evolution are investigated for the Heihe River Basin (HRB) in northwest China on the basis of a comprehensive compilation of geochemical and isotopic data. Geochemical mass‐balance modeling indicates that mountain‐block recharge accounts for a small fraction (generally less than 5%) of the shallow and deep groundwater sustaining the oasis, whereas infiltration of rivers and irrigation water contribute most of the groundwater recharge. Dedolomitization is the primary process responsible for the changes in groundwater chemical and carbon isotope compositions from the piedmont to the groundwater discharge zone, where the dedolomitization is very likely enhanced by modern agricultural activities affecting the shallow groundwater quality. Analysis of radioactive isotopes suggests that these primary recharge sources occur at two different time scales. Radiocarbon‐derived groundwater age profiles indicate a recharge rate of approximately 12 mm/year, which probably occurred during 2000–7000 years B.P., corresponding to the mid‐Holocene humid period. The recharge of young groundwater on the tritium‐dated time scale is much higher, about 360 mm/year in the oasis region. Infiltration from irrigation canals and irrigation return flow are the primary contributors to the increased young groundwater recharge. This study suggests that groundwater chemistry in the HRB has been influenced by the complex interaction between natural and human‐induced geochemical processes and that anthropogenic effects have played a more significant role in terms of both groundwater quantity and quality.
Early Cretaceous Climate Changes Recorded in Magnetic Susceptibility and Color Index Variations of the Lower Liupanshan Group, Central China
Authors: Shuang DAI , Qiang ZHU , Yongbo HUANG , Christine DA SILVA A. , Jie ZHAO , Junwei LIU , Li KONG , Dongxiang PENG , Lingling LUO , Ningyun YAN , Wenjie WANG , Xiang ZHANG 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study carried out comprehensive analysis on sedimentology, magnetic susceptibility (χlf) and color data of the continental sediments of the Liupanshan Group in Central China so as to obtain climatic change information during the 129.14–122.98 Ma interval. Based on the results of the χlf and of the redness (a*), the section can be divided into two segments: (1) 129.14–126.3 Ma, with the lowest χlf values and strongly variable relatively high values of redness and (2) 126.3–122.98 Ma, with high χlf values and relatively low redness. Analysis of the lithology and facies as well as the magnetic minerals and their contents points to a detrital origin of the magnetic minerals and this allow us to interpret the relationship between magnetic susceptibility variations and climate changes. Our study shows that the climate was significantly dry and hot during the whole studied interval although the interval between 126.3 Ma and 122.98 was a little bit cooler with increased humidity.
Reducing pre‐operative fasting while preserving operating room scheduling flexibility: feasibility and impact on patient discomfort
Authors: De Jonghe B. , Fajardy A. , Mérian‐Brosse L. , Fauconnier A. , Chouillard E. , Debit N. , Solus H. , Tabary N. , Séguier J.‐C. , Melchior J.‐C. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe need to preserve operating room (OR) scheduling flexibility can challenge adherence to the 2‐h pre‐operative fasting period recommendation before elective surgery. Our primary objective was to assess the feasibility of a pre‐operative carbohydrate (CHO) drink delivery strategy preserving OR scheduling flexibility.MethodsDuring the 1st study phase, patients admitted for elective surgery fasted overnight (Control group); during the 2nd phase, patients fasted overnight and received a pre‐operative CHO drink (CHO group). CHO delivery time was set to allow any patient to be ready for surgery 30 min ahead of the scheduled time and any patient with an operation scheduled in the afternoon to be ready at 13:00 hours; patients admitted the morning of an early morning operation would not be allowed to take a CHO drink.ResultsWe included 194 patients in the Control group and 199 in the CHO group. In the CHO group, the morning CHO dose was delivered to 66.3% of the patients (95% CI 59.3–72.9%), with a median pre‐operative fasting time period of 4 h 57 min. After excluding patients admitted the morning of an operation scheduled before 10:00 hours, the delivery rate was 77.2% (70.2–83.3%). Patients in the CHO group experienced significantly less pre‐operative thirst (median 2 vs. 5 on a 0–10 scale, P < 0.0001) and hunger (0 vs. 2, P < 0.0001) than those in the Control group.ConclusionAlthough preservation of OR scheduling flexibility resulted in a longer fasting time than recommended, CHO drink can be made available to a large proportion of patients with significantly reduced perioperative discomfort.
A Genetic Variant rs1020760at NFKB1 is Associated with Clinical Features of Psoriasis Vulgaris in a Han Chinese Population
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Zhu Zhengwei , Zhu Caihong , Zheng Xiaodong , Zuo Xianbo , Chen Gang , Zhou Fusheng , Liang Bo , Tang Huayang , Wang Zaixing , Zhang Xuejun , Sun Liangdan 
Published: June 2016

SummaryPsoriasis vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with complex genetic susceptibility. Recently, we identified a single‐nucleotide variant rs1020760 at NFKB1 significantly associated with psoriasis in a Han Chinese population in deep analysis of exome and targeted sequencing (P = 1.76 × 10−8). To investigate the potential association between rs1020760 and phenotypes of psoriasis vulgaris, we performed a genotype–phenotype analysis. A total of 9946 cases and 9906 controls with detailed clinical and demographic information were involved in this study, while the genotype data of rs1020760 was available in the previous targeted sequencing study of psoriasis. Genotype‐based association testing revealed the additive model might provide the best fit for rs1020760 (P = 5.44 × 10−8). Case‐only analysis showed that the distribution of allele G was significantly different between the cases with and without family history (Pallele = 4.07 × 10−3,Pgenotype = 5.75 × 10−3). The differences in allele and genotype frequencies were observed between all the subphenotypes and controls except for the genotype frequency of the late onset subgroup, while no difference was found in case‐only analysis for the other two subphenotypes. Rs1020760 was preferentially associated with family history of psoriasis, implying that NFKB1 might not only play important roles in the development of psoriasis, but might also contribute to the special phenotypes of this disease.
De Novo Truncating Mutation of TRIM8 Causes Early‐Onset Epileptic Encephalopathy
Authors: Sakai Yasunari , Fukai Ryoko , Matsushita Yuki , Miyake Noriko , Saitsu Hirotomo , Akamine Satoshi , Torio Michiko , Sasazuki Momoko , Ishizaki Yoshito , Sanefuji Masafumi , Torisu Hiroyuki , Shaw Chad A , Matsumoto Naomichi , Hara Toshiro 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundEarly‐onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by infantile‐onset intractable epilepsy and unfavourable developmental outcomes. Hundreds of mutations have been reported to cause EOEE; however, little is known about the clinical features of individuals with rare variants.Case report and methodsWe present a 10‐year‐old boy with severe developmental delay. He started experiencing recurrent focal seizures at 2 months old. Serial electroencephalograms persistently detected epileptiform discharges from the left hemisphere. Whole‐exome sequencing and array‐comparative genome hybridization were performed to search for de novo variations. Two‐week‐old C57Bl/6 mice were used for immunofluorescence studies.ResultsThis case had a paternally inherited, 0.2‐Mb duplication at chromosome 22q11.22. The whole‐exome sequencing identified a de novo truncating mutation of tripartite motif containing 8 (TRIM8) (NM_030912:c.1099_1100insG:p.C367fs), one of the epileptic encephalopathy‐associated genes. We verified that the murine homologues of these genes are expressed in the postnatal mouse brain.ConclusionThis is the second case of EOEE caused by a de novo truncating mutation of TRIM8. Further studies are required to determine the functional roles of TRIM8 in the postnatal development of the human brain and its functional relationships with other EOEE‐associated genes.
Retraction: Promoter Methylation of the RASSF1A Gene may Contribute to Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta‐Analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Wang* He‐Ling , Liu Peng , Zhou Ping-Yi , Zhang Yu 
Published: June 2016

The above article, published online on Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) on 13 March 2014, has been retracted by agreement between the Journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Mark G. Thomas, University College London, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to evidence indicating that the peer review of this paper was compromised. It is believed that the paper was accepted based on recommendations from reviewers not suitably qualified.
Papaya (Carica papaya) leaf methanolic extract modulates in vitro rumen methanogenesis and rumen biohydrogenation
Authors: Jafari Saeid , Goh Yong M. , Rajion Mohamed A. , Jahromi Mohammad F. , Ahmad Yusof H. , Ebrahimi Mahdi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPapaya leaf methanolic extract (PLE) at concentrations of 0 (CON), 5 (LLE), 10 (MLE) and 15 (HLE) mg/250 mg dry matter (DM) with 30 mL buffered rumen fluid were incubated for 24 h to identify its effect on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis and ruminal biohydrogenation (BH). Total gas production was not affected (P > 0.05) by addition of PLE compared to the CON at 24 h of incubation. Methane (CH4) production (mL/250 mg DM) decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of PLE. Acetate to propionate ratio was lower (P <0.05) in MLE (2.02) and HLE (1.93) compared to the CON (2.28). Supplementation of the diet with PLE significantly (P <0.05) decreased the rate of BH of C18:1n‐9 (oleic acid; OA), C18:2n‐6 (linoleic acid; LA), C18:3n‐3 (linolenic acid; LNA) and C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to CON after 24 h incubation, which resulted in higher concentrations of BH intermediates such as C18:1 t11 (vaccenic acid; VA), c9t11 conjugated LA (CLA) (rumenic acid; RA) and t10c12 CLA. Real‐time PCR analysis indicated that the total bacteria, total protozoa, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and methanogen population in HLE decreased (P <0.05) compared to CON, but the total bacteria and B. fibrisolvens population were higher (P < 0.05) in CON compared to the PLE treatment groups.
Effects of surrounding land use and water depth on seagrass dynamics relative to a catastrophic algal bloom
Authors: Breininger David R. , Breininger Robert D. , Hall Carlton R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSeagrasses are the foundation of many coastal ecosystems and are in global decline because of anthropogenic impacts. For the Indian River Lagoon (Florida, U.S.A.), we developed competing multistate statistical models to quantify how environmental factors (surrounding land use, water depth, and time [year]) influenced the variability of seagrass state dynamics from 2003 to 2014 while accounting for time‐specific detection probabilities that quantified our ability to determine seagrass state at particular locations and times. We classified seagrass states (presence or absence) at 764 points with geographic information system maps for years when seagrass maps were available and with aerial photographs when seagrass maps were not available. We used 4 categories (all conservation, mostly conservation, mostly urban, urban) to describe surrounding land use within sections of lagoonal waters, usually demarcated by land features that constricted these waters. The best models predicted that surrounding land use, depth, and year would affect transition and detection probabilities. Sections of the lagoon bordered by urban areas had the least stable seagrass beds and lowest detection probabilities, especially after a catastrophic seagrass die‐off linked to an algal bloom. Sections of the lagoon bordered by conservation lands had the most stable seagrass beds, which supports watershed conservation efforts. Our results show that a multistate approach can empirically estimate state‐transition probabilities as functions of environmental factors while accounting for state‐dependent differences in seagrass detection probabilities as part of the overall statistical inference procedure.