bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in thermal niche of a declining river‐breeding frog: From counter‐gradient responses to population distribution patterns
Authors: Catenazzi Alessandro , Kupferberg Sarah J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

When dams or climate change alter the thermal regimes of rivers, conditions can shift outside optimal ranges for aquatic poikilothermic vertebrates. Plasticity in thermal performance and preference, however, may allow temperature‐vulnerable fauna to persist under challenging conditions.

To determine the effects of thermal regime on Rana boylii (Ranidae), a threatened frog species endemic to rivers of California and Oregon, we quantified tadpole thermal preferences and performance in relation to thermal conditions. We monitored temperature and censused populations across a coastal to inland cline in six catchments where dams have altered thermal environments in close proximity to river reaches with natural conditions.

We found geographic variation in population distribution and abundance based on river size combined with water temperature. The large inland rivers that supported breeding frogs, although cooler in spring due to snowmelt, became warmer during the summer than occupied coastal sites. Inland populations were constrained to reaches where the average temperature over the warmest 30 days ranged from 17.6 to 24.2°C, higher than coastal rainfall‐driven systems where averages ranged from 15.7 to 22.0°C. Frogs in rivers with hypolimnetic‐release dams bred in colder waters than they did in free‐flowing rivers.

Common‐garden and field translocation experiments revealed local adaptations in larval growth and phenotypically plastic thermoregulatory behaviour. Tadpoles from all rivers had a positive linear growth response to temperature, but individuals from inland rivers displayed intrinsically higher growth rates. Consistent with a counter‐gradient model of selection in which the response to temperature change is in the opposite direction of the change, individuals from cooler rivers selected warmer temperatures. When reared under common conditions, however, tadpoles showed similar temperature preferences regardless of source river.

Our results suggest a role for local growth rate adaptation in structuring the distribution of Rana boylii. Plastic thermoregulatory behaviour by tadpoles may explain how small populations are able to persist where dams release cold water. Management of edgewater habitats to increase the availability of warm micro‐sites may ameliorate this impact.
Delayed coral recovery in a warming ocean
Authors: Osborne Kate , Thompson Angus A. , Cheal Alistair J. , Emslie Michael J. , Johns Kerryn A. , Jonker Michelle J. , Logan Murray , Miller Ian R. , Sweatman Hugh P. A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractClimate change threatens coral reefs across the world. Intense bleaching has caused dramatic coral mortality in many tropical regions in recent decades, but less obvious chronic effects of temperature and other stressors can be equally threatening to the long‐term persistence of diverse coral‐dominated reef systems. Coral reefs persist if coral recovery rates equal or exceed average rates of mortality. While mortality from acute destructive events is often obvious and easy to measure, estimating recovery rates and investigating the factors that influence them requires long‐term commitment. Coastal development is increasing in many regions, and sea surface temperatures are also rising. The resulting chronic stresses have predictable, adverse effects on coral recovery, but the lack of consistent long‐term data sets has prevented measurement of how much coral recovery rates are actually changing. Using long‐term monitoring data from 47 reefs spread over 10 degrees of latitude on Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR), we used a modified Gompertz equation to estimate coral recovery rates following disturbance. We compared coral recovery rates in two periods: 7 years before and 7 years after an acute and widespread heat stress event on the GBR in 2002. From 2003 to 2009, there were few acute disturbances in the region, allowing us to attribute the observed shortfall in coral recovery rates to residual effects of acute heat stress plus other chronic stressors. Compared with the period before 2002, the recovery of fast‐growing Acroporidae and of “Other” slower growing hard corals slowed after 2002, doubling the time taken for modest levels of recovery. If this persists, recovery times will be increasing at a time when acute disturbances are predicted to become more frequent and intense. Our study supports the need for management actions to protect reefs from locally generated stresses, as well as urgent global action to mitigate climate change.
Association between body composition parameters and risk of mild cognitive impairment in older Japanese adults
Authors: Bae Seongryu , Shimada Hiroyuki , Park Hyuntae , Lee Sangyoon , Makizako Hyuma , Doi Takehiko , Yoshida Daisuke , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Anan Yuya , Suzuki Takao 
Published: May 2017

AimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the association between various body composition parameters and the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older Japanese adults, as well as potential sex‐related differences in the risk of MCI.MethodsParticipants underwent cognitive tests, and were divided into 840 participants with MCI (mean age 71.9 ± 5.5 years) and 1740 without MCI (mean age 71.3 ± 5.2 years). Body composition parameters were measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Multiple logistic regression analysis was then carried out to examine the associations between body composition parameters and risk of MCI.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, those in the lowest quartile for fat‐free mass had a higher risk of MCI than those in the highest quartile (men: odds ratio [OR] 1.96, 95% confidence interval CI 1.24–3.10; women: OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.01–2.19). Loss of muscle mass in the upper (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.40–3.37) and lower (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.25–3.15) limbs was associated with a higher MCI risk in men. However, only loss of muscle mass in the lower limbs was associated with a higher MCI risk (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.06–2.44) in women. No associations were found between obesity measures and MCI.ConclusionsWe found that loss of fat‐free mass was associated with MCI in older adults, regardless of sex. We also found that appendicular muscle mass was more closely associated with MCI in men than in women. These results suggest that the association between appendicular muscle mass and MCI might have different underlying mechanisms based on sex. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2053–2059.
Case of Mycobacterium mucogenicum in a home hemodialysis patient
Authors: Dhruve Miten J. , Bunce Paul E. , D'Gama Celine , Chan Christopher T 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present a case of a patient on home hemodialysis who developed Mycobacterium mucogenicum bacteremia. While infections with this particular organism are rare, disseminated infections have been reported and have been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis required appropriate cultures, understanding of natural habitat of organism and complete environmental analysis including blood, dialysis sample port, reverse osmosis and incoming water supply cultures. The patient was treated successfully with systemic antibiotics, removal of central venous catheter, patient education and complete exchange of the hemodialysis circuit.
Oxytocin and Migraine Headache
Authors: Tzabazis Alexander , Kori Shashi , Mechanic Jordan , Miller James , Pascual Conrado , Manering Neil , Carson Dean , Klukinov Michael , Spierings Egilius , Jacobs Daniel , Cuellar Jason , Frey William H. , Hanson Leah , Angst Martin , Yeomans David C. 
Published: May 2017

This article reviews material presented at the 2016 Scottsdale Headache Symposium. This presentation provided scientific results and rationale for the use of intranasal oxytocin for the treatment of migraine headache. Results from preclinical experiments are reviewed, including in vitro experiments demonstrating that trigeminal ganglia neurons possess oxytocin receptors and are inhibited by oxytocin. Furthermore, most of these same neurons contain CGRP, the release of which is inhibited by oxytocin. Results are also presented which demonstrate that nasal oxytocin inhibits responses of trigeminal nucleus caudalis neurons to noxious stimulation using either noxious facial shock or nitroglycerin infusion. These studies led to testing the analgesic effect of intranasal oxytocin in episodic migraineurs—studies which did not meet their primary endpoint of pain relief at 2 h, but which were highly informative and led to additional rat studies wherein inflammation was found to dramatically upregulate the number of oxytocin receptors available on trigeminal neurons. This importance of inflammation was supported by a series of in vivo rat behavioral studies, which demonstrated a clear craniofacial analgesic effect when a pre‐existing inflammatory injury was present. The significance of inflammation was further solidified by a small single‐dose clinical study, which showed analgesic efficacy that was substantially stronger in chronic migraine patients that had not taken an anti‐inflammatory drug within 24 h of oxytocin dosing. A follow‐on open label study examining effects of one month of intranasal oxytocin dosing did show a reduction in pain, but a more impressive decrease in the frequency of headaches in both chronic and high frequency episodic migraineurs. This study led to a multicountry double blind, placebo controlled study studying whether, over 2 months of dosing, “as needed” dosing of intranasal oxytocin by chronic and high frequency migraineurs would reduce the frequency of their headaches compared to a 1‐month baseline period. This study failed to meet its primary endpoint, due to an extraordinarily high placebo rate in the country of most of the patients (Chile), but was also highly informative, showing strong results in other countries and strong post hoc indications of efficacy. The results provide a strong argument for further development of intranasal oxytocin for migraine prophylaxis.
EGFR gene mutation in gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Authors: Shi Shan‐Shan , Wu Nan , He Yan , Wei Xue , Xia Qiu‐Yuan , Wang Xuan , Ye Sheng‐Bin , Li Rui , Rao Qiu , Zhou Xiao‐Jun 
Published: May 2017

AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the mutation status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) and its association with various clinicopathological variables, as well as to discuss further the effects of EGFR mutations on tumour formation and progression.Methods and resultsA well‐characterized cohort of 323 GISTs, obtained between 2010 and 2015 from the surgical pathology files of at the Department of Pathology of the Nanjing Jinling Hospital, was screened for mutations in exons 19 and 21 of the EGFR gene. Patient clinical data and clinicopathological features were collected if available in the medical records. Among the 323 primary GISTs, we identified three cases (0.93%) of EGFR mutations; these mutations never occurred together with KIT, PDGFRα, KRAS or BRAF mutations. In two cases, tumour cells exhibited spindle cell morphology and, in one case, epithelioid cell morphology. Additionally, the morphology and immunophenotype of these three cases did not show significant differences compared to common GISTs. The clinical results in summary were that two cases of EGFR‐mutated GISTs occurred in females and in the stomach. The mean age of EGFR‐mutated cases was 54.33 years, and the follow‐up data indicated that these tumours were low risk and exhibited low recurrence.ConclusionsWe first established that GISTs carrying EGFR mutation are relatively benign tumours. Although EGFR mutations were rarely present in GIST, EGFR seems to play a significant role in the development and progression of GIST.
Stratigraphic records of tsunamis along the Japan Sea, southwest Hokkaido, northern Japan
Authors: Kawakami Gentaro , Nishina Kenji , Kase Yoshihiro , Tajika Jun , Hayashi Keiichi , Hirose Wataru , Sagayama Tsumoru , Watanabe Tatsuya , Ishimaru Satoshi , Koshimizu Ken'ichi , Takahashi Ryo , Hirakawa Kazuomi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe stratigraphy of tsunami deposits along the Japan Sea, southwest Hokkaido, northern Japan, reveals tsunami recurrences in this particular area. Sandy tsunami deposits are preserved in small valley plains, whereas gravelly deposits of possible tsunami origin are identified in surficial soils covering a Holocene marine terrace and a slope talus. At least five horizons of tsunami events can be defined in the Okushiri Island, the youngest of which immediately overlies the Ko‐d tephra layer (1640 AD) and was likely formed by the historical Oshima‐Ohshima tsunami in 1741 AD. The four older tsunami deposits, dated using accelerator mass spectrometry 14C, were formed at around the 12th century, 1.5–1.6, 2.4–2.6, and 2.8–3.1 ka, respectively. Tsunami sand beds of the 1741 AD and circa 12th century events are recognized in the Hiyama District of Hokkaido Island, but the older tsunami deposits are missing. The deposits of these two tsunamis are found together at the same sites and distributed in regions where wave heights of the 1993 tsunami (Hokkaido Nansei‐oki earthquake, Mw = 7.7) were less than 3 m. Thus, the 12th century tsunami waves were possibly generated near the south of Okushiri Island, whereas the 1993 tsunami was generated towards the north of the island. The estimated recurrence intervals of paleotsunamis, 200–1100 years with an average of 500 years, likely represents the recurrence interval of large earthquakes which would have occurred along several active faults offshore of southwest Hokkaido.
Duplex of metamorphic units including ultramafic rocks in the central region of Tokunoshima, Southwest Japan
Authors: Ueda Shuro , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Terabayashi Masaru 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGeological observations in the central part of Tokunoshima in the Amami Islands, Southwest Japan, reveal that discrete layers of serpentinite, dioritic gneiss, and amphibolite are intercalated into pelitic schist and these rock bodies form a northwest‐dipping tectonic stack. A subhorizontal psammitic schist layer overlies them. These rocks underwent ductile deformation that is denoted by penetrative foliation and mineral lineation. Microstructures of the sheared metamorphic rocks and serpentinite indicate top‐to‐the‐east, ‐southeast or ‐south (hanging‐wall up) displacements. The en echelon array of rock bodies is interpreted as a duplex with the psammitic schist layer on its top and the pelitic schist layer on its bottom. It is inferred that the serpentinite‐bearing duplex was formed due to the tectonic erosion and the subsequent accretionary growth operated in a Cretaceous or older subduction zone. Tokunoshima has been considered to belong to the Shimanto Belt. However, regional low‐pressure and high‐temperature type amphibolite‐facies metamorphism and related ductile deformation have not been recognized in the other areas of the Shimanto Belt. There is no metamorphic rock occurrence comparable to that of Tokunoshima in the neighboring islands. The metamorphic rocks in Tokunoshima can be correlated to any of low‐pressure/temperature type metamorphic regions in Kyushu.
Italian Scientists Abroad in Europe's Scientific Research Scenario: High skill migration as a resource for development in Italy
Authors: Sbalchiero Stefano , Tuzzi Arjuna 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn recent years, the brain drain issue has gained such momentum that it has become necessary to adopt tools and methods to take a picture of a phenomenon that is, by its very nature, dynamic and changeable (Portes, ; Meyer, ; Ackers, 2005 Scott, ). This particular study focuses on clarifying the reasons why Italian scientists choose to look elsewhere for the best place to conduct their scientific research, and in what way their scientific experience abroad shapes the image of the Italian scientific system. A first exploratory analysis involving 83 in‐depth interviews with Italian scientists (mathematicians, engineers and physicists) working in Europe was conducted based on qualitative and quantitative analytical methods, and the content emerging from these interviews was used for a systematic mapping of the situation that provided the foundations for our preparation of a second tool – a questionnaire – that was subsequently used to conduct a much more broad‐based survey that involved 602 respondents. While our findings add complexity to existing theories on the brain drain and brain circulation, they also confirm the potential of highly skilled migration to improve the national development of Italian academic system.
Survey of practices around pharmaceutical company funding for continuing professional development among medical oncologists and trainees in Australia
Authors: Lee Yeh Chen , Kroon René , Koczwara Bogda , Haines Ian , Francis Kay , Millward Michael , Kefford Richard , Olver Ian , Mileshkin Linda 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe completion of continuing professional development (CPD) is mandatory for medical oncologists and trainees (MO&T). Pharmaceutical companies may fund some CPD activities, but there is increasing debate about the potential for conflicts of interest (COI).AimTo assess current practices around funding to attend CPD activities.MethodsAn electronic survey was distributed to Australian MO&T. The survey asked questions about current practices, institutional policies and perceptions about attending CPD funded by pharmaceutical companies. The design looked at comparing responses between MO&T as well as their understanding of and training around institutional and ethical process.ResultsA total of 157 of 653 (24%) responses was received, the majority from MO (76%). Most CPD activities attended by MO&T were self‐funded (53%), followed by funding from institutions (19%), pharmaceutical companies (16%) and salary award (16%). Most institutions allowed MO&T to receive CPD funding from professional organisations (104/157, 66%) or pharmaceutical companies (90/157, 57%). A minority of respondents (13/157, 8%) reported that the process to use pharmaceutical funds had been considered by an ethics committee. Although 103/157 (66%) had received pharmaceutical funding for CPD, most (109/157, 69%) reported never receiving training about potential COI. The lack of education was more noticeable among trainees (odds ratio (OR) 8.61, P = 0.02). MO&T acknowledged the potential bias towards a pharmaceutical product (P = 0.05) but believed there was adequate separation between themselves and pharmaceutical companies (P < 0.01).ConclusionMajority of CPD attended by MO&T is self‐funded. There is lack of clarity in institutional policies regarding external funding support for CPD activities. Formal education about potential COI is lacking.
Role of telehealth in perioperative medicine for regional and rural patients in Queensland
Authors: Tam Alec , Leung Amy , O'Callaghan Cara , Fagermo Narelle 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAustralians living in regional, rural and remote areas face a myriad of complexities resulting in a trend to poorer health outcomes. Telehealth is being utilised as an alternative mode of service delivery to overcome such barriers. However, there is limited published information concerning the use of telehealth in perioperative medicine.AimsTo review the performance of the telehealth preoperative assessment service at Mater Hospital Brisbane to determine last‐minute cancellation rates secondary to medical reasons.MethodsA retrospective chart audit of all patients referred to perioperative medicine telehealth consultation services was provided at Mater Hospital Brisbane.ResultsDuring a 1‐year period, 229 patients across eight surgical subspecialties were referred for telehealth assessment (85 females, 144 males) with a median age of 67 years. Patients lived a median distance of 1597 km from Brisbane. Of the 229 patients included in the study, 7 (3.1%) experienced last‐minute cancellations. From these data, the last‐minute cancellation rate due to medical reasons was 1.3%, which is consistent with the international average.ConclusionThe Mater Hospital Perioperative Medicine Telehealth Programme is a means of providing comprehensive perioperative assessment to regional, rural and remote patients that result in reduced last‐minute surgical cancellations and surgery within or below the national recommended guidelines.
Effects of Na+ substitution Cs+ on the microstructure and thermal expansion behavior of ceramic derived from geopolymer
Authors: Yuan Jingkun , He Peigang , Jia Dechang , You Jinsong , Liu Xuzhao , Zhang Yao , Cai Delong , Yang Zhihua , Duan Xiaoming , Wang Shengjin , Zhou Yu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs part of a series of studies, effects of Na+ substitution on the thermal evolution of cesium‐based geopolymers on heating were studied. A series of sodium‐substituted cesium‐based geopolymers, Cs(1−x)NaxGPs (where x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4), were prepared and treated at 1300°C for 2 hours to obtain the corresponding ceramic products. The thermal evolution process was disclosed by virtue of a variety of technical, including TG‐DTA, thermal shrinkage, XRD analysis, SEM, and TEM investigation. The results indicated that unheated Cs(1−x)NaxGPs was not completely amorphous after the substitution of Na+ and the crystallinity of Cs(1−x)NaxGPs gradually increased with the rise of sodium content. Meanwhile, the average particle sizes of Cs(1−x)NaxGPs also increased evidently with increases in sodium substitution. The final product after heat treatment mainly consisted of pollucite (CsAlSi2O6) and amorphous glass phase. The particle size of pollucite grain gradually decreased as more Cs+ were replaced maybe owing to the role of Na+ in the nucleation process of pollucite. Two forms of Na+ present in the final products: A small portion was present in the pollucite grains due to Na+ partial occupied the crystallographic sites of Cs+; and the rest were present in the amorphous glass phase among the pollucite grains. The average coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of resulting Cs(1−x)NaxGPs ceramics increased from 4.80×10‐6 K−1 (x=0) to 7.26×10−6 K−1 (x=0.4) with increases in sodium substitution, which could be due to the amorphous glass phase had a relatively higher CTE than that of pollucite.
Surface and grain‐boundary excess of ZnO‐doped SnO2 nanopowders by the selective lixiviation method
Authors: Gouvêa Douglas , do Rosário Deise C.C. , Caliman Lorena B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe primary characteristic of nanopowders is the high surface area and consequently high fraction of atoms on the interfaces, which changes the energy of the system. The additive distribution in the nanopowder interfaces is a fundamental aspect to control the energy, particle size, and final properties of nanopowders. In this work, the surface excess was determined using a selective lixiviation method, where a low‐water‐soluble oxide, SnO2, was used as the matrix, and a high‐water‐soluble oxide, ZnO, was used as the additive. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed that ZnO segregated on SnO2 surfaces. However, after acid lixiviation the same analysis showed an undetectable surface concentration of ZnO. The evaluation of the nanostructure change and surface composition enables us to calculate the heat of segregation for the grain boundary and surface and the interface energy reduction because of segregation. At low‐ZnO concentrations, the additive solubilizes in the bulk and promotes particle growth. However, the segregation to the grain boundary and surface determines the relative stability of each interface, which promotes hard agglomeration and particle size stabilization at intermediated ZnO amounts. At high‐ZnO concentrations, the surface segregation stabilizes the solid‐gas interface and decreases the agglomeration and final particle size.