bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A radiographic study of permanent molar development in wild Virunga mountain gorillas of known chronological age from Rwanda
Authors: Kralick Alexandra E. , Loring Burgess M. , Glowacka Halszka , Arbenz‐Smith Keely , McGrath Kate , Ruff Christopher B. , Chan King Chong , Cranfield Michael R. , Stoinski Tara S. , Bromage Timothy G. , Mudakikwa Antoine , McFarlin Shannon C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesWhile dental development is important to life history investigations, data from wild known‐aged great apes are scarce. We report on the first radiographic examination of dental development in wild Virunga mountain gorillas, using known‐age skeletal samples recovered in Rwanda.Materials and methodsIn 43 individuals (0.0–14.94 years), we collected radiographs of mandibular molars, and where possible, cone beam CT scans. Molar crown and root calcification status was assessed using two established staging systems, and age prediction equations generated using polynomial regression. Results were compared to available data from known‐age captive and wild chimpanzees.ResultsMountain gorillas generally fell within reported captive chimpanzee distributions or exceeded them, exhibiting older ages at equivalent radiographic stages of development. Differences reflect delayed initiation and/or an extended duration of second molar crown development, and extended first and second molar root development, in mountain gorillas compared to captive chimpanzees. However, differences in the duration of molar root development were less evident compared to wild chimpanzees.DiscussionDespite sample limitations, our findings extend the known range of variation in radiographic estimates of molar formation timing in great apes, and provide a new age prediction technique based on wild specimens. However, mountain gorillas do not appear accelerated in radiographic assessment of molar formation compared to chimpanzees, as they are for other life history traits. Future studies should aim to resolve the influence of species differences, wild versus captive environments, and/or sampling phenomena on patterns observed here, and more generally, how they relate to variation in tooth size, eruption timing, and developmental life history.
Combined puncture and cutting of elastomer membranes: A fracture energy approach
Authors: Triki Ennouri , Tri Phuong Nguyen , Gauvin Chantal , Vu‐Khanh Toan 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTResistance to puncture or cutting by pointed blades is an important property of elastomer membranes and glove materials, making it necessary to define a fundamental criterion for measuring this resistance. However, the intrinsic properties controlling puncture/cutting crack propagation are still unidentified. This study has established a simple criterion describing the relationship between true fracture energy and the puncture/cutting process. Several samples of neoprene and nitrile rubber materials 1.6 mm and 3.2‐mm thick were tested using three pointed blades having tip angles of 22.5°, 35°, and 56°. It was found that both friction energy and true fracture energy contributed to global applied energy. True fracture energy, which is useful for in‐depth study of the puncture/cutting process, was independent of material thickness, blade geometry, and blade lubrication. Furthermore, friction energy was approximately twice as great as true fracture energy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44945.
Adaptive Leader‐Following Consensus for Uncertain Nonlinear Multi‐Agent Systems
Authors: Niu Xinglong , Liu Yungang , Man Yongchao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the adaptive leader‐following consensus for first‐ and second‐order uncertain nonlinear multi‐agent systems (NMASs) with single‐ and double‐integrator leader, respectively. Remarkably, the control coefficients of the followers need not belong to any known finite interval, which makes the systems in question essentially different from those in the related works. Moreover, parameterized unknowns exist in the nonlinearities of the followers, and unknown control input is imposed on the leader, which make the problems difficult to solve. To compensate for these uncertainties/unknowns, the leader‐following consensus protocols are constructed by employing adaptive technique for the first‐order and the second‐order NMASs. Under the designed adaptive consensus protocols and the connected graph, the leader‐following consensus is achieved. Finally, two examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed leader‐following consensus protocols.
Zum Einfluss einzelner Traganteile auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahlbetondecken mit integrierten Hohlräumen
Authors: Albrecht Christian , Schnell Jürgen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFür die Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahlbetondecken ohne Querkraftbewehrung steht noch kein allgemein anerkanntes mechanisch begründetes Bemessungskonzept zur Verfügung. Um einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis des Tragmechanismus zu leisten, wurden an der TU Kaiserslautern Tastversuche durchgeführt, bei denen einzelne Traganteile gezielt ausgeschaltet wurden. Hierzu wurden Versuche mit in der Höhe verlagerter Druckzone sowie mit ausgeschalteter Rissverzahnung und eliminierter Dübelwirkung der Längsbewehrung durchgeführt [1]. Der rechnerische Einfluss der einzelnen Traganteile konnte durch die Nachrechnung von Versuchen zu Hohlkörper‐ und Installationsdecken unter Verwendung des bestehenden mechanisch begründeten Rechenmodells nach Görtz [2, 3] visualisiert und verifiziert werden.
Mixed phenotype acute leukemia with t(9;22): success with nonacute myeloid leukemia‐type intensive induction therapy and stem cell transplantation
Authors: Chan Onyee , Jamil Abdur Rehman , Millius Rebecca , Kaur Ramandeep , Anwer Faiz 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageMixed phenotype acute leukemia with t(9;22) is a rare disease with poor prognosis, and information on optimal treatment is limited. We describe a case where our patient experienced positive outcome after nonacute myeloid leukemia‐type intensive induction therapy followed by postremission therapy with stem cell transplant.
Prenatal diagnosis of Bardet–Biedl syndrome in a case of hyperechogenic kidneys: Clinical use of DNA sequencing
Authors: Garcia‐Tizon Larroca Santiago , Blagoeva Atanasova Vangeliya , Orera Clemente Maria , Aluja Mendez Anna , Ortega Abad Virginia , Perez Fernandez‐Pacheco Ricardo , De León Luis Juan , Gamez Alderete Francisco 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageBardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy that is responsible for multiple visceral abnormalities. This disorder is defined by a combination of clinical signs, many of which appear after several years of development. BBS may be suspected antenatally based on routine ultrasound findings of enlarged hyperechogenic kidneys and postaxial polydactyly.
Palladium Nanoparticles Encaged in a Nitrogen‐Rich Porous Organic Polymer: Constructing a Promising Robust Nanoarchitecture for Catalytic Biofuel Upgrading
Authors: Singuru Ramana , Dhanalaxmi Karnekanti , Shit Subhash Chandra , Reddy Benjaram Mahipal , Mondal John 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRobust nanoarchitectures based on surfactant‐free ultrafine Pd nanoparticles (NPs) (2.7–8.2±0.5 nm) have been developed by using the incipient wetness impregnation method with subsequent reduction of PdII species encaged in the 1,3,5‐triazine‐functionalized nitrogen‐rich porous organic polymer (POP) by employing NaBH4, HCHO, and H2 reduction routes. The Pd‐POP materials prepared by the three different synthetic methods consist of virtually identical chemical compositions but have different physical and texture properties. Strong metal–support interactions, the nanoconfinement effect of POP, and the homogeneous distribution of Pd NPs have been investigated by performing 13C cross‐polarization (CP) solid‐state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, FTIR, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), along with wide‐angle powder XRD, N2 physisorption, high‐resolution (HR)‐TEM, high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) mapping spectroscopic studies. The resulting Pd‐POP based materials exhibit highly efficient catalytic performance with superior stability in promoting biomass refining (hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin, a typical compound of lignin‐derived bio‐oil). Outstanding catalytic performance (≈98 % conversion of vanillin with exclusive selectivity for hydrogenolysis product 2‐methoxy‐4‐methylphenol) has been achieved over the newly designed Pd‐POP catalyst under the optimized reaction conditions (140 °C, 10 bar H2 pressure), affording a turnover frequency (TOF) value of 8.51 h−1 and no significant drop in catalytic activity with desired product selectivity has been noticed for ten successive catalytic cycles, demonstrating the excellent stability and reproducibility of this catalyst system. A size‐ and location‐dependent catalytic performance for the Pd NPs with small size (1.31±0.36 and 2.71±0.25 nm) has been investigated in vanillin hydrodeoxygenation reaction with our newly designed Pd‐POP catalysts. The presence of well‐dispersed electron‐rich metallic Pd sites and highly rigid cross‐linked amine‐functionalized POP framework with high surface area is thought to be responsible for the high catalytic activity and improvement in catalyst stability.
The Isoxazole Ring and Its N‐Oxide: A Privileged Core Structure in Neuropsychiatric Therapeutics
Authors: Pairas George N. , Perperopoulou Fereniki , Tsoungas Petros G. , Varvounis George 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMental disorders are neuropsychiatric conditions that are marked by unusual or irregular thinking, feelings, or behavior, and lead to distress and/or impaired functions. Major psychiatric conditions are depression, anxiety, and psychoses of various types. Their etiopathogeneses, of a primary or secondary origin, are associated with genetic and environmental factors. They are commonly treated with psychoactive drugs (also known as psychotropics), which target serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, glutamate, and nuclear receptors (NRs), including retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptors (RORs) and other receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). Herein we present a diverse array of isoxazole derivatives, among which are some prominent marketed drugs. Some of the derivatives and forms, including N‐oxides, are under either (pre)clinical evaluation or patent protection as new generation of psychotropics, and a few have effective blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Various drug‐like isoxazol(in)es and their structural features and efficiency, modified through scaffold hopping, are described and discussed in the context of treating neuropsychiatric conditions.
Solvent‐Adaptive Behavior of Oligospirobifluorenes at the Surface of Quartz Crystal Microbalances— A Conformational Process
Authors: Pyka Isabella , Lubczyk Daniel , Saiju Mandira D. S. , Salbeck Josef , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the groups of Siegfried R. Waldvogel at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and of Josef Salbeck at the University Kassel (both Germany). The image shows the swelling of a blowfish to represent the reversible conformational change of an oligospirobifluorene derivative upon solvation. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201600583.
Non‐Typeable Haemophilus influenzae Infection of the Junbo Mouse
Authors: Cheeseman Michael T. , Hood Derek W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAcute otitis media, inflammation of the middle ear bulla, is the most common bacterial infection in children. For one of the principal otopathogens, non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), animal models allow us to investigate host‐microbial interactions relevant to the onset and progression of infection and to study treatment of middle ear disease. We have established a robust model of NTHi middle ear infection in the Junbo mouse. Intranasal inoculation with NTHi produces high rates of bulla infection and high bacterial titers in bulla fluids; bacteria can also spread down the respiratory tract to the mouse lung. An innate immune response is detected in the bulla of Junbo mice following NTHi infection, and bacteria are maintained in some ears at least up to day 56 post‐inoculation. The Junbo/NTHi infection model facilitates studies on bacterial pathogenesis and antimicrobial intervention regimens and vaccines for better treatment and prevention of NTHi middle ear infection. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nanostructured Silica–Titania Hybrid using Dendritic Fibrous Nanosilica as a Photocatalyst
Authors: Bayal Nisha , Singh Rustam , Polshettiwar Vivek 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA new method has been developed to fabricate active TiO2 photocatalysts by tuning the morphology of the catalyst support. A sustainable solution‐phase TiO2 deposition on dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) protocol is developed, which is better than the complex and expensive atomic layer deposition technique. In general, catalytic activity decreases with an increased TiO2 loading on conventional mesoporous silica because of the loss of the surface area caused by the blocking of pores. Notably, in the case of the dendritic fibrous nanosilica KCC‐1 as a support, because of its open fibrous morphology, even at the highest TiO2 loading, a relatively large amount of surface area remained intact. This improved the accessibility of active sites, which increased the catalytic performance of the KCC‐1/TiO2 photocatalyst. KCC‐1‐supported TiO2 is a superior photocatalyst in terms of H2 generation (26.4 mmol g
−1 h−1) under UV light. This study may provide a new direction for photocatalyst development through the morphology control of the support.
The trade‐off between fecundity and egg size in a polymorphic population of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in Skogsfjordvatn, subarctic Norway
Authors: Smalås Aslak , Amundsen Per‐Arne , Knudsen Rune 
Published: February 2017

AbstractReproductive traits differ between intralacustrine Arctic charr morphs. Here, we examine three sympatric lacustrine Arctic charr morphs with respect to fecundity, egg size and spawning time/site to assess reproductive investments and trade‐offs, and possible fitness consequences. The littoral omnivore morph (LO‐morph) utilizes the upper water for feeding and reproduction and spawn early in October. The large profundal piscivore morph (PP‐morph) and the small profundal benthivore morph (PB‐morph) utilize the profundal habitat for feeding and reproduction and spawn in December and November, respectively. Females from all morphs were sampled for fecundity and egg‐size analysis. There were large differences between the morphs. The PB‐morph had the lowest fecundity (mean = 45, SD = 13) and smallest egg size (mean = 3.2 mm, SD = 0.32 mm). In contrast, the PP‐morph had the highest fecundity (mean = 859.5, SD = 462) and the largest egg size (mean = 4.5 mm, SD = 0.46 mm), whereas the LO‐morph had intermediate fecundity (mean = 580, SD = 225) and egg size (mean = 4.3, SD = 0.24 mm). Fecundity increased with increasing body size within each morph. This was not the case for egg size, which was independent of body sizes within morph. Different adaptations to feeding and habitat utilization have apparently led to a difference in the trade‐off between fecundity and egg size among the three different morphs.
Group foraging in Socotra cormorants: A biologging approach to the study of a complex behavior
Authors: Cook Timothée R. , Gubiani Rob , Ryan Peter G. , Muzaffar Sabir B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGroup foraging contradicts classic ecological theory because intraspecific competition normally increases with aggregation. Hence, there should be evolutionary benefits to group foraging. The study of group foraging in the field remains challenging however, because of the large number of individuals involved and the remoteness of the interactions to the observer. Biologging represents a cost‐effective solution to these methodological issues. By deploying GPS and temperature–depth loggers on individuals over a period of several consecutive days, we investigated intraspecific foraging interactions in the Socotra cormorantPhalacrocorax nigrogularis, a threatened colonial seabird endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. In particular, we examined how closely birds from the same colony associated with each other spatially when they were at sea at the same time and the distance between foraging dives at different periods of the day. Results show that the position of different birds overlapped substantially, all birds targeting the same general foraging grounds throughout the day, likely following the same school of fish. There were as many as 44,500 birds within the foraging flock at sea at any time (50% of the colony), and flocking density was high, with distance between birds ranging from 8 to 1,380 m. Birds adopted a diving strategy maximizing time spent underwater relative to surface time, resulting in up to 72% of birds underwater in potential contact with prey at all times while foraging. Our data suggest that the benefits of group foraging outweigh the costs of intense aggregation in this seabird. Prey detection and information transmission are facilitated in large groups. Once discovered, shoaling prey are concentrated under the effect of the multitude. Fish school cohesiveness is then disorganized by continuous attacks of diving birds to facilitate prey capture. Decreasing population size could pose a risk to the persistence of threatened seabirds where group size is important for foraging success.
Resemblance profiles as clustering decision criteria: Estimating statistical power, error, and correspondence for a hypothesis test for multivariate structure
Authors: Kilborn Joshua P. , Jones David L. , Peebles Ernst B. , Naar David F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractClustering data continues to be a highly active area of data analysis, and resemblance profiles are being incorporated into ecological methodologies as a hypothesis testing‐based approach to clustering multivariate data. However, these new clustering techniques have not been rigorously tested to determine the performance variability based on the algorithm's assumptions or any underlying data structures. Here, we use simulation studies to estimate the statistical error rates for the hypothesis test for multivariate structure based on dissimilarity profiles (DISPROF). We concurrently tested a widely used algorithm that employs the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) to estimate the proficiency of clustering with DISPROF as a decision criterion. We simulated unstructured multivariate data from different probability distributions with increasing numbers of objects and descriptors, and grouped data with increasing overlap, overdispersion for ecological data, and correlation among descriptors within groups. Using simulated data, we measured the resolution and correspondence of clustering solutions achieved by DISPROF with UPGMA against the reference grouping partitions used to simulate the structured test datasets. Our results highlight the dynamic interactions between dataset dimensionality, group overlap, and the properties of the descriptors within a group (i.e., overdispersion or correlation structure) that are relevant to resemblance profiles as a clustering criterion for multivariate data. These methods are particularly useful for multivariate ecological datasets that benefit from distance‐based statistical analyses. We propose guidelines for using DISPROF as a clustering decision tool that will help future users avoid potential pitfalls during the application of methods and the interpretation of results.
Prey diversity as a driver of resource partitioning between river‐dwelling fish species
Authors: Sánchez‐Hernández Javier , Gabler Heidi‐Marie , Amundsen Per‐Arne 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlthough food resource partitioning among sympatric species has often been explored in riverine systems, the potential influence of prey diversity on resource partitioning is little known. Using empirical data, we modeled food resource partitioning (assessed as dietary overlap) of coexisting juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and alpine bullhead (Cottus poecilopus). Explanatory variables incorporated into the model were fish abundance, benthic prey diversity and abundance, and several dietary metrics to give a total of seventeen potential explanatory variables. First, a forward stepwise procedure based on the Akaike information criterion was used to select explanatory variables with significant effects on food resource partitioning. Then, linear mixed‐effect models were constructed using the selected explanatory variables and with sampling site as a random factor. Food resource partitioning between salmon and bullhead increased significantly with increasing prey diversity, and the variation in food resource partitioning was best described by the model that included prey diversity as the only explanatory variable. This study provides empirical support for the notion that prey diversity is a key driver of resource partitioning among competing species.
Responses of coral reef fishes to past climate changes are related to life‐history traits
Authors: Ottimofiore Eduardo , Albouy Camille , Leprieur Fabien , Descombes Patrice , Kulbicki Michel , Mouillot David , Parravicini Valeriano , Pellissier Loïc 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCoral reefs and their associated fauna are largely impacted by ongoing climate change. Unravelling species responses to past climatic variations might provide clues on the consequence of ongoing changes. Here, we tested the relationship between changes in sea surface temperature and sea levels during the Quaternary and present‐day distributions of coral reef fish species. We investigated whether species‐specific responses are associated with life‐history traits. We collected a database of coral reef fish distribution together with life‐history traits for the Indo‐Pacific Ocean. We ran species distribution models (SDMs) on 3,725 tropical reef fish species using contemporary environmental factors together with a variable describing isolation from stable coral reef areas during the Quaternary. We quantified the variance explained independently by isolation from stable areas in the SDMs and related it to a set of species traits including body size and mobility. The variance purely explained by isolation from stable coral reef areas on the distribution of extant coral reef fish species largely varied across species. We observed a triangular relationship between the contribution of isolation from stable areas in the SDMs and body size. Species, whose distribution is more associated with historical changes, occurred predominantly in the Indo‐Australian archipelago, where the mean size of fish assemblages is the lowest. Our results suggest that the legacy of habitat changes of the Quaternary is still detectable in the extant distribution of many fish species, especially those with small body size and the most sedentary. Because they were the least able to colonize distant habitats in the past, fish species with smaller body size might have the most pronounced lags in tracking ongoing climate change.