bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Crop Production, Nutrient Availability, and Nutrient Intakes in Bangladesh: Exploring the Agriculture—Nutrition Nexus with the 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey
Authors: Fiedler John L. 
Published: November 2015

Background Systematic collection of national agricultural data has been neglected in many low- and middle-income countries for the past 20 years. Commonly conducted nationally representative household surveys collect substantial quantities of highly underutilized food crop production data. Objective To demonstrate the potential usefulness of commonly available household survey databases for analyzing the agriculture—nutrition nexus. Methods Using household data from the 2010 Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey, the role and significance of crop selection, area planted, yield, nutrient production, and the disposition of 34 food crops in affecting the adequacy of farming households' nutrient availability and nutrient intake status are explored. The adequacy of each farming household's available energy, vitamin A, calcium, iron, and zinc and households' apparent intakes and intake adequacies are estimated. Each household's total apparent nutrient intake adequacies are estimated, taking into account the amount of each crop that households consume from their own production, together with food purchased or obtained from other sources. Results Even though rice contains relatively small amounts of micronutrients, has relatively low nutrient density, and is a relatively poor source of nutrients compared with what other crops can produce on a given tract of land, because so much rice is produced in Bangladesh, it is the source of 90% of the total available energy, 85% of the zinc, 67% of the calcium, and 55% of the iron produced by the agricultural sector. The domination of agriculture and diet by rice is a major constraint to improving nutrition in Bangladesh. Simple examples of how minor changes in the five most common cropping patterns could improve farming households' nutritional status are provided. Conclusions Household surveys' agricultural modules can provide a useful tool for better understanding national nutrient production realities and possibilities.
Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) in Sub-Saharan Africa: Case Studies from Ghana, Malawi, and Zambia
Authors: Maleta Kenneth , Amadi Beatrice 
Published: November 2015

Background Recent success with community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) has spurred interest on how to improve coverage while maintaining treatment outcomes. Objective To document, as case studies, the experi- ence of three African countries, Malawi, Ghana, and Zambia, in scaling up CMAM. Methods Desk review using published and unpub- lished data and country programmatic data and key informant interviews. Results All three countries, with different motivations for startup, have successfully integrated CMAM into their essential health packages for children under 5 years of age, at least in their policy and strategic documents. Strong leadership by the ministries of health has been instrumental, complemented by key stakeholders and donor partners. Implementation is at variable stages, depending on when the program rolled out, with Malawi having achieved the most integration, followed by Ghana and Zambia. Using CMAM, the three countries have significantly extended service coverage and improved treatment outcomes, with cure rates ranging from 73% in Ghana to 90% in Malawi, while maintaining very low death rates: 1.7% in Malawi, 2% in Ghana, and 5% in Zambia. Conclusions CMAM is a viable option to improve service coverage and outcomes in health systems where inpatient therapeutic care alone cannot suffice.
Development and Implementation of a Locally Produced Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) in Vietnam
Authors: Phuong Huynh , Nga Tran Thuy , Mathisen Roger , Nguyen Marie , Hop Le Thi , Hoa Do Thi Bao , Minh Hong Nguyen , Tuyen Le Danh , Berger Jacques , Wieringa Frank Tammo 
Published: November 2015

Background In Vietnam, malnutrition remains a public health problem, even though much progress has been made in the last decades. The number of cases of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is more than 200,000 per year. To accelerate the treatment of SAM, community-based treatment with ready-to-use-therapeutic foods (RUTFs) is preferred. However, a locally available and acceptable RUTF for the treatment of SAM was lacking. Objective In a joint effort by the National Institute of Nutrition, UNICEF, and the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, a local RUTF was developed and tested. Methods The product was optimalized for impact and acceptability. At the same time, capacity for the Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition (IMAM) was developed. Results The local product was found to be highly acceptable and effective. After training of health staff, the product could be introduced in the IMAM program. Conclusions The IMAM program was highly successful in treating children with SAM, with more than 90% of the children recovering. Production capacity of the factory is currently being increased to enable up-scaling of the IMAM program and potential export of the product to countries in the region.
Iron and Micronutrients: Complementary Food Fortification
Authors: Yeung David L. 
Published: November 2015

Iron deficiency, one of the most prevalent problems of micronutrient malnutrition, occurs in both developing and industrialized countries. The impact of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anaemia on the individual can result in lifelong disadvantages. The causes of the problem are many, but the principal cause is lack of iron-rich food. The International Conference of Nutrition sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Rome in 1992 estimated that over 2,000 million people worldwide suffer from anaemia, most of which is related to iron deficiency. Infants and young children are decidedly vulnerable groups, for a number of reasons. Their food choices are limited. The amount of food they consume is relatively low, but the demand for nutrients is high. Experience from industrialized countries indicates that one of the best strategies to eliminate or markedly reduce micronutrient malnutrition globally is through food fortification, with the goal of increasing the level of consumption of added nutrients to improve the nutritional status of the target population. The current recommendation for infant feeding to ensure good iron status is breastfeeding for at least four to six months. The range of iron bioavailability in breastmilk is 50% to 80%, probably because of the presence of lactoferrin, which enhances iron absorption. Thus, it is not surprising that the prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia in early infancy is inversely correlated with the incidence of breastfeeding. If breastfeeding is not possible, iron-fortified formula should be substituted. By about four to six months, an exogenous source of iron is required. The limited food choices and the few iron-rich foods generally available make fortification of complementary food mandatory. Iron-fortified cereal has been demonstrated to be one of the most effective food vehicles in combating iron deficiency. It is usually the first solid introduced to infants to supplement breastmilk. Clinical research in China, Chile, and Canada has shown that the iron is bioavailable and the iron-fortified infant cereals are effective in the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency. In the United States the use of iron-fortified infant formula and cereal has significantly reduced iron deficiency among infants and pre-schoolers. Many other examples illustrate the importance of the food industry and food fortification in combating micronutrient malnutrition. The Global Plan of Action advocated collaboration among governments, non-governmental organizations, the private sector, local communities, etc. in the elimination of the problem. It is clear that without the food industry, iron-rich foods will not be available. Support and recognition of public health organizations must be given to the food industry to encourage the development of affordable and culturally appropriate iron-fortified foods.
The place of antifungal treatment in interstitial cystitis
Authors: Murshidi Mujalli S 
Published: November 2015

Background and objectives: Initial study to treat interstitial cystitis with anti-fungal treatment. Methods and results: This is an initial report about anti-fungal treatment in three patients with interstitial cystitis. All patients had been diagnosed and receiving treatment for at least two years. Various modalities had led only to minimal improvement. Anti-fungal therapy in the form of fluconazole was commenced in these patients. There was significant response in two cases; the third one had a moderate response. Conclusion: Anti-fungal treatment may play a role in the treatment of interstitial cystitis; further elaborate studies are needed. Research is also needed to study the role of fungal infection in the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis.
Pilawite-(Y), Ca2(Y,Yb)2[Al4(SiO4)4O2(OH)2], a new mineral from the Piława Górna granitic pegmatite, southwestern Poland: mineralogical data, crystal structure and association
Authors: Pieczka Adam , Hawthorne Frank C. , Cooper Mark A. , Szełęg Eligiusz , Szuszkiewicz Adam , Turniak Krzysztof , Nejbert Krzysztof , Ilnicki Sławomir 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPilawite-(Y), ideally Ca2(Y,Yb)2Al4(SiO4)4O2(OH)2, was discovered in a pegmatite near Piława Górna, Lower Silesia, Poland. The mineral occurs as white, translucent, brittle crystals up to 1.5 mm in size. It has a white streak, vitreous lustre and a hardness of 5 on Mohs scale. The calculated density is 4.007 g/cm3. Pilawite-(Y) is non-pleochroic, biaxial (+), with refractive indices α = 1.743(5), β = 1.754(5) and γ = 1.779(5), birefringence Δ = 0.03–0.04, 2Vmeas. = 65(2)° and 2Vcalc. = 68°. Pilawite-(Y) is monoclinic P21/c, with unit-cell parameters a = 8.558(3) Å, b = 7.260(3) Å, c = 11.182(6) Å, β = 90.61(4)o, V = 694.7(4) Å3. The crystal structure was refined to an R1 index of 2.76% and consists of chains of edge- and corner-sharing octahedra decorated by tetrahedra and having the stoichiometry [Al2(SiO4)4O(OH)] that link by sharing corners to form an octahedron–tetrahedron framework with large interstices that contain Ca2+ and (Y,Ln)3+. It is a graphical isomer of the Al–P framework in palermoite, Sr2Li4[Al2(PO4)2(OH)2]2. The pilawite-(Y)-bearing assemblage began crystallization at high Y + Ln activities and was modified progressively by a Ca-enriched fluid, resulting in the sequence: keiviite-(Y) → gadolinite-(Y) to hingganite-(Y) + hellandite-(Y) → pilawite-(Y) → allanite-(Y) → epidote/zoisite.
T-cell receptor–HLA-DRB1 associations suggest specific antigens in pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Grunewald Johan , Kaiser Ylva , Ostadkarampour Mahyar , Rivera Natalia V. , Vezzi Francesco , Lötstedt Britta , Olsen Remi-André , Sylwan Lina , Lundin Sverker , Käller Max , Sandalova Tatiana , Ahlgren Kerstin M. , Wahlström Jan , Achour Adnane , Ronninger Marcus , Eklund Anders 
Published: November 2015

In pulmonary sarcoidosis, CD4+T-cells expressing T-cell receptor Vα2.3 accumulate in the lungs of HLA-DRB1*03+patients. To investigate T-cell receptor-HLA-DRB1*03 interactions underlying recognition of hitherto unknown antigens, we performed detailed analyses of T-cell receptor expression on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid CD4+T-cells from sarcoidosis patients.Pulmonary sarcoidosis patients (n=43) underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. T-cell receptor α and β chains of CD4+T-cells were analysed by flow cytometry, DNA-sequenced, and three-dimensional molecular models of T-cell receptor-HLA-DRB1*03 complexes generated.Simultaneous expression of Vα2.3 with the Vβ22 chain was identified in the lungs of all HLA-DRB1*03+patients. Accumulated Vα2.3/Vβ22-expressing T-cells were highly clonal, with identical or near-identical Vα2.3 chain sequences and inter-patient similarities in Vβ22 chain amino acid distribution. Molecular modelling revealed specific T-cell receptor-HLA-DRB1*03-peptide interactions, with a previously identified, sarcoidosis-associated vimentin peptide, (Vim)429–443DSLPLVDTHSKRTLL, matching both the HLA peptide-binding cleft and distinct T-cell receptor features perfectly.We demonstrate, for the first time, the accumulation of large clonal populations of specific Vα2.3/Vβ22 T-cell receptor-expressing CD4+T-cells in the lungs of HLA-DRB1*03+sarcoidosis patients. Several distinct contact points between Vα2.3/Vβ22 receptors and HLA-DRB1*03 molecules suggest presentation of prototypic vimentin-derived peptides.
A randomised trial of glucocorticoids in acute-stage allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis complicating asthma
Authors: Agarwal Ritesh , Aggarwal Ashutosh N. , Dhooria Sahajal , Singh Sehgal Inderpaul , Garg Mandeep , Saikia Biman , Behera Digambar , Chakrabarti Arunaloke 
Published: November 2015

Whether use of high-dose steroids in acute-stage allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is associated with superior outcomes is not known. Herein, we compare the efficacy and safety of two glucocorticoid protocols in ABPA.Treatment-naive ABPA subjects randomly received either high-dose or medium-dose oral prednisolone. The primary outcomes were exacerbation rates and glucocorticoid-dependent ABPA after 1 and 2 years, respectively, of treatment. The secondary end-points were composite response rates after 6 weeks, improvement in lung function, time to first exacerbation, cumulative dose and adverse effects.92 subjects (high-dose n=44, medium-dose n=48) were included in the study. The numbers of subjects with exacerbation after 1 year (high-dose 40.9%versusmedium-dose 50%, p=0.59) and glucocorticoid-dependent ABPA after 2 years (high-dose 11.4%versusmedium-dose 14.6%, p=0.88) were similar in the two groups. Although composite response rates were significantly higher in the high-dose group, improvement in lung function and time to first exacerbation were similar in the two groups. Cumulative glucocorticoid dose and side-effects were significantly higher in the high-dose group.Medium-dose oral glucocorticoids are as effective and safer than high-dose in treatment of ABPA.
A new technique for convergence theorem of fixed point problem of quasi-nonexpansive mapping
Authors: Cheawchan Kanyarat , Suantai Suthep , Kangtunyakarn Atid 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFor the purpose of this paper, we use the method different from the relaxed extragradient method for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of a quasi-nonexpansive mapping, the set of solutions of equilibrium problems, and the set of solutions of a modified system of variational inequalities without demiclosed condition of W and $W_{\omega}:= (1-\omega )I+\omega W$

W
ω

:
=
(
1
−
ω
)
I
+
ω
W
, where W is a quasi-nonexpansive mapping and $\omega\in (0,\frac{1}{2} )$
ω
∈
(
0
,

1
2

)
in the framework of Hilbert space. By using our main result, we obtain a strong convergence theorem involving a finite family of nonspreading mappings and another corollary. Moreover, we give a numerical example to encourage our main theorem.
Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Hypothyroidism in Canadian Women
Authors: Oulhote Youssef , Chevrier Jonathan , Bouchard Maryse F. 
Published: November 2015

Context:
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants in a wide range of products, resulting in widespread human exposure. Epidemiological studies in some populations reported exposure to PBDEs and thyroid hormone levels but little epidemiological data are available among women from the general population.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to examine the association of PBDEs with hypothyroidism.

Design and Setting:
This was a cross-sectional analysis of the 2007–2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey.

Participants:
A total of 745 women representative of Canadian women aged 30–79 years participated in the study.

Main Outcome and Methods:
We estimated the prevalence ratios (PRs) for hypothyroidism in relation to plasma concentrations of BDE-47, -99, -100, and -153 and their sum (ΣPBDEs). Women were identified as cases if they reported a doctor-diagnosed thyroid condition and underwent thyroid hormone replacement therapy (n = 90).

Results:
Higher plasma levels of brominated diphenyl ether (BDE)-47 and -100 and ΣPBDEs were associated with an increased prevalence of hypothyroidism. The PR for a 10-fold increase in ΣPBDEs was 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0, 3.0). Associations were consistently higher among women aged 30–50 years than among those 51–79 years for ΣPBDEs and the other PBDE congeners, although the interaction was significant only for BDE-100. For instance, in the younger age group, women with detectable levels of BDE-100 had a PR of 3.8 (95% CI 1.2, 12.3) compared with women with undetectable levels; the corresponding PR in the older age group was 1.2 (95% CI 0.6, 2.3). No association was observed for BDE-99 and -153.

Conclusion:
Plasma PBDE levels were associated with an increased prevalence of hypothyroidism in Canadian women aged 30–50 years. Although the cross-sectional design of the study limits inferences of causality, these findings have important implications, given the key role of thyroid hormones in several biological mechanisms during reproductive age.
The primary cilium is a self-adaptable, integrating nexus for mechanical stimuli and cellular signaling
Authors: Nguyen An M. , Young Y.-N. , Jacobs Christopher R. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTMechanosensation is crucial for cells to sense and respond to mechanical signals within their local environment. While adaptation allows a sensor to be conditioned by stimuli within the environment and enables its operation in a wide range of stimuli intensities, the mechanisms behind adaptation remain controversial in even the most extensively studied mechanosensor, bacterial mechanosensitive channels. Primary cilia are ubiquitous sensory organelles. They have emerged as mechanosensors across diverse tissues, including kidney, liver and the embryonic node, and deflect with mechanical stimuli. Here, we show that both mechanical and chemical stimuli can alter cilium stiffness. We found that exposure to flow stiffens the cilium, which deflects less in response to subsequent exposures to flow. We also found that through a process involving acetylation, the cell can biochemically regulate cilium stiffness. Finally, we show that this altered stiffness directly affects the responsiveness of the cell to mechanical signals. These results demonstrate a potential mechanism through which the cell can regulate its mechanosensing apparatus.
Characterization of Hot Deformation Behavior of a New Near-β Titanium Alloy: Ti555211
Authors: An Zhen , Li Jinshan , Feng Yong , Liu Xianghong , Du Yuxuan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe deformation behavior of an isothermally compressed Ti555211 titanium alloy was examined by an Arrhenius-type constitutive model using experimental data obtained from hot compression tests; these tests were performed at temperatures and strain rates of 750–950°C and 0.001–1 s−1, respectively. Activation energies of hot deformation were calculated in 0.05 intervals for strains ranging from 0.1 to 0.7. The respective values of were obtained for the (α+β) and β region. In addition, the predictive capability of the model was described by the average absolute relative error (AARE) and the correlation coefficient (R). The simulated values were compared with the experimental values, and R and AARE of 0.99084 and 6.914%, respectively, were obtained for the Arrhenius-type constitutive model. These values were indicative of the good predictive capabilities of the developed strain-compensated constitutive equation. Moreover, in this work isothermal compression tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to systematically investigate the high-temperature deformation behavior of Ti555211 alloy under different processing conditions. EBSD and TEM were used to reveal the substructure and grain orientation of samples of the hot-deformed Ti555211 alloy. The phenomenon of discontinuous yielding was also discussed.
On the Cauchy problem for semilinear elliptic equations
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Huy , Binh Tran Thanh , Viet Tran Quoc , Lesnic Daniel 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We study the Cauchy problem for nonlinear (semilinear) elliptic
partial differential equations in Hilbert spaces. The problem is severely ill-posed in the sense of Hadamard.
Under a weak a priori
assumption on the exact solution, we propose a new regularization method for
stabilising the ill-posed problem. These new results extend some earlier works on Cauchy problems for nonlinear elliptic equations.
Numerical results are presented and discussed.
Progressive Hearing Loss in Mice Carrying a Mutation inUsp53
Authors: Kazmierczak Marcin , Harris Suzan L. , Kazmierczak Piotr , Shah Prahar , Starovoytov Valentin , Ohlemiller Kevin K. , Schwander Martin 
Published: November 2015

Disordered protein ubiquitination has been linked to neurodegenerative disease, yet its role in inner ear homeostasis and hearing loss is essentially unknown. Here we show that progressive hearing loss in the ethylnitrosourea-generatedmambomouse line is caused by a mutation inUsp53, a member of the deubiquitinating enzyme family. USP53 contains a catalytically inactive ubiquitin-specific protease domain and is expressed in cochlear hair cells and a subset of supporting cells. Although hair cell differentiation is unaffected inmambomice, outer hair cells degenerate rapidly after the first postnatal week. USP53 colocalizes and interacts with the tight junction scaffolding proteins TJP1 and TJP2 in polarized epithelial cells, suggesting that USP53 is part of the tight junction complex. The barrier properties of tight junctions of the stria vascularis appeared intact in a biotin tracer assay, but the endocochlear potential is reduced in adultmambomice. Hair cell degeneration inmambomice precedes endocochlear potential decline and is rescued in cochlear organotypic cultures in low potassium milieu, indicating that hair cell loss is triggered by extracellular factors. Remarkably, heterozygousmambomice show increased susceptibility to noise injury at high frequencies. We conclude that USP53 is a novel tight junction-associated protein that is essential for the survival of auditory hair cells and normal hearing in mice, possibly by modulating the barrier properties and mechanical stability of tight junctions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHereditary hearing loss is extremely prevalent in the human population, but many genes linked to hearing loss remain to be discovered. Forward genetics screens in mice have facilitated the identification of genes involved in sensory perception and provided valuable animal models for hearing loss in humans. This involves introducing random mutations in mice, screening the mice for hearing defects, and mapping the causative mutation. Here, we have identified a mutation in theUsp53gene that causes progressive hearing loss in themambomouse line. We demonstrate that USP53 is a catalytically inactive deubiquitinating enzyme and a novel component of tight junctions that is necessary for sensory hair cell survival and inner ear homeostasis.