bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concussion Recovery Phase Affects Vestibular and Oculomotor Symptom Provocation
Authors: Cheever Kelly , McDevitt Jane , Tierney Ryan , Wright W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractVestibular and oculomotor testing is emerging as a valuable assessment in sport-related concussion (SRC). However, their usefulness for tracking recovery and guiding return-to-play decisions remains unclear. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate their clinical usefulness for tracking SRC recovery. Vestibular and oculomotor assessments were used to measure symptom provocation in an acute group (n=21) concussed≤10 days, prolonged symptoms group (n=10) concussed ≥16 days (median=84 days), healthy group (n=58) no concussions in >6 months. Known-groups approach was used with three groups at three time points (initial, 2-week and 6-week follow-up). Provoked symptoms for Gaze-Stabilization (GST), Rapid Eye Horizontal (REH), Optokinetic Stimulation (OKS), Smooth-Pursuit Slow (SPS) and Fast (SPF) tests, total combined symptoms scores and near point convergence (NPC) distance were significantly greater at initial assessment in both injury groups compared to controls. Injury groups improved on the King-Devick test and combined symptom provocation scores across time. The acute group improved over time on REH and SPF tests, while the prolonged symptoms group improved on OKS. A regression model (REH, OKS, GST) was 90% accurate discriminating concussed from healthy. Vestibular and ocular motor tests give valuable insight during recovery. They can prove beneficial in concussion evaluation given the modest equipment, training and time requirements. The current study demonstrates that when combined, vestibular and oculomotor clinical tests aid in the detection of deficits following a SRC. Additionally, tests such as NPC, GST, REH, SPS, SPF OKS and KD provide valuable information to clinicians throughout the recovery process and may aid in return to play decisions.
Evaluation of Paclitaxel Nanocrystals In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Li Wanqing , Li Zhiguo , Wei Lisha , Zheng Aiping 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe created a novel paclitaxel (PTX) nanoparticle drug delivery system and compared this to acommercial injection preparation to evaluate the antitumor effects for both formulations in vivo and in vitro.PTXnanocrystals were 194.9 nm with potential of −29.6 mV. Cytotoxicity tests indicated that both formulations had similar effects and cytotoxicity was dose- and time-dependent.Pharmacodynamics indicated that the drug concentration at the tumor was greater with PTX nanocrystals compared to commercial injection (P<0.01) and that drug accumulated more and for a longer duration. In vivo antitumor evaluation indicated significant antitumor effects and low toxicity of PTX nanocrystals. Moreover, bioimaging indicated that the PTX retention time in MCF-7-bearing mice was longer, especially at the tumor site, and this high drug concentration was maintained for a long time.Overall, PTX nanocrystalsare feasible and superior to traditional injection formulation chemotherapy.
Laserhämorrhoidoplastie mit dem 1470-nm-Diodenlaser in der Behandlung des zweit- bis viertgradigen Hämorrhoidalleidens – eine Kohortenstudie mit 497 Fällen
Authors: Weyand Guido , Theis Claudia Susanne , Fofana Aboubacar Nzambi , Rüdiger Felix , Gehrke Thomas 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Die Laserhämorrhoidoplastie (LHP) mit dem 1470-nm-Diodenlaser im minimalinvasiven Konzept bei fortgeschrittenem Hämorrhoidalleiden wurde unter dem Aspekt der klinischen Variablen wie Schmerzentwicklung und Komplikationen zu intraoperativen Kennzeichen wie Mukopexie, Anzahl behandelter Knoten und verwandte Energie pro Patient. Ferner wurden Patientenzufriedenheit, Symptomrelevanz und Aspekte der Wirtschaftlichkeit untersucht.
Patienten und Methoden Von November 2010 bis November 2016 wurden 497 Patienten (Alter 55 ± 14 Jahre) im Zentrum für minimalinvasive Proktologie des Kreisklinikums Siegen einer Laserhämorrhoidoplastie mit einem 1470-nm-Diodenlaser unterzogen. Alle operierten Patienten wurden in die Studie aufgenommen. Die perioperativen klinischen und technischen Daten bis 6 Wochen sowie die Nachuntersuchungsdaten nach 6 Monaten wurden prospektiv analysiert.
Ergebnisse Die durchschnittliche Operationsdauer lag bei 14 Minuten (± 5,2). Pro Patient wurden durchschnittlich 2,7 Knoten der Stärke 2,7 behandelt. Die Schmerzentwicklung lag postoperativ im Durchschnitt bei 2,5/10 (VAS), die langfristige Symptomrelevanz bei 86%, die Patientenzufriedenheit bei 91%, Komplikationen traten bei 49 Patienten (9,9%) auf: Blutung 1,8%, Infektion 1%, Harnverhalt 1,8%, Ödem/Thrombose/Prolaps 6,6%). Rezidive innerhalb von 6 Monaten traten in 8,8% der Fälle auf. Signifikante Unterschiede kamen in der Schmerzentwicklung am Operationstag und den Parametern Mukopexie, 3 behandelte Segmente sowie Energielevel > 500 J (p < 0,05) vor. Komplikationen traten häufiger bei Durchführung von Mukopexien, bei 3 behandelten Knoten sowie der verwandten Energie pro Patient > 500 J auf. Nur bei der Energiemenge > 500 J ergab sich ein signifikanter Unterschied (p < 0,05).
Schlussfolgerung Die LHP ist eine sichere, schmerzarme und minimalinvasive Operationsmethode mit langfristig hoher Patientenakzeptanz und -zufriedenheit und als Routinemaßnahme geeignet. Die applizierte Energiemenge sollte auf ein Minimum reduziert werden. Komplikationsraten sind weitgehend mit denen anderer minimalinvasiver und konventioneller Methoden vergleichbar. Weitere prospektive Studien, insbesondere im Vergleich zur ergebnisfunktionell vergleichbaren Methode nach Parks sind notwendig. Die LHP ist beim zirkulär-konfluierenden Befund kein Ersatz für die Stapler-Hämorrhoidopexie.
Exercise Prescription Using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion to Improve Fitness
Authors: Garnacho-Castaño Manuel , Domínguez Raúl , Muñoz González Arturo , Feliu-Ruano Raquel , Serra-Payá Noemí , Maté-Muñoz José 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe present study aimed to compare two fitness-training methodologies, instability circuit resistance training (ICRT) versus traditional circuit resistance training (TCRT), applying an experimental model of exercise prescription controlling and modulating exercise load using the Borg rating of perceived exertion. Forty-four healthy young adults age (21.6±2.3 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: TCRT (n=14), ICRT (n=14) and a control group (n=16). Strength and cardiorespiratory tests were chosen to evaluate cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness before and after the training program. In cardiorespiratory data, a significant difference was observed for the time effect in VO2max, peak heart rate, peak velocity, and heart rate at anaerobic threshold intensity (p<0.05) in the experimental groups. In strength variables, a significant Group x Time interaction effect was detected in 1RM, in mean propulsive power, and in peak power (p≤0.01) in the back squat exercise. In the bench press exercise, a significant time effect was detected in 1RM, in mean propulsive power, and in peak power, and a Group x Time interaction in peak power (all p<0.05). We can conclude that applying an experimental model of exercise prescription using RPE improved cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in healthy young adults in both experimental groups.
Einfluss der Mikrofonposition auf die akustische Lokalisation bei Cochlea-Implantat-Nutzern
Authors: Bandeira Mariana , Baumann Uwe , Weißgerber Tobias 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergund Je nach Position der Mikrofone von Hörhilfen werden die für die Schalllokalisation wichtigen richtungsbestimmenden Merkmale
eines Schallereignisses unterschiedlich gut übertragen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die messtechnische Evaluation verschiedener
Mikrofonpositionen hinsichtlich der Übertragung von interauralen Zeit- und Pegeldifferenzen sowie der spektralen richtungsabhängigen
Merkmale und deren Einfluss auf die Genauigkeit der akustischen Lokalisation.
Methoden Es wurden von 30 Personen kopfbezogene Übertragungsfunktionen mit drei verschiedenen omnidirektionalen Mikrofonen gemessen,
die unterschiedlich positioniert waren: in der Ohrmuschel (IdO), hinter dem Ohr (HdO), am Eingang des äußeren Gehörgangs (EdG). Weiterhin
wurde bei 12 bilateralen Cochlea-Implantat-Nutzern die Lokalisationsleistung bei zwei Mikrofonpositionen bestimmt.
Ergebnisse Nur die Mikrofonpositionen innerhalb der Ohrmuschel (IdO, EdG) konnten die spektralen Filtereffekte der Pinna aufzeichnen.
Ungeachtet der besseren Abtastung der Pinnafunktion führte die Mikrofonposition IdO bei CI-Nutzern nicht zu einer besseren
Lokalisationsleistung gegenüber HdO-Mikrofonen. Bei rückwärtiger Schalldarbietungen ergaben sich jedoch signifikant weniger Vertauschungen
mit der frontalen Einfallsrichtung.
Schlussfolgerung Die Mikrofonposition im Ohr zeigte bei CI-Nutzern nur eine geringfügige Verbesserung der akustischen Lokalisation
gegenüber den gewohnten HdO-Mikrofonen. Als Grundvoraussetzung zur Verbesserung der Lokalisationsleistung erscheint eine verbesserte
Übertragung der zeitlichen und spektralen Feinstruktur in CI-Systemen erforderlich.
Eph-ephrin signaling modulated by polymerization and condensation of receptors
Authors: Ojosnegros Samuel , Cutrale Francesco , Rodríguez Daniel , Otterstrom Jason J. , Chiu Chi Li , Hortigüela Verónica , Tarantino Carolina , Seriola Anna , Mieruszynski Stephen , Martínez Elena , Lakadamyali Melike , Raya Angel , Fraser Scott E. 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceCell communication is a precisely orchestrated mechanism in which cell receptors translate extracellular cues into intracellular signals. The Eph receptors act as a model guidance system steering cells to defined positions by their ligand ephrin. However, we still lack a mechanistic understanding of how membrane receptors can read a wide range of ligand concentrations and gradients and integrate them into coherent cellular responses. Here we reveal the evolution of Eph aggregation upon ephrin stimulation with unprecedented resolution by extending current imaging methods. The results fit biophysical models of protein aggregation. In these models, two protein oligomerization modes, polymerization and condensation, correlate with the “on/off” switching of the receptor activation, providing a precise, proportional, and dynamic response to variable ephrin inputs.
The impact of ‘super-participants’ on everyday political talk
Authors: Wright Scott 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article analyses the impact of “super-participants” – people who create lots of content, set the agenda, or moderate debates – on everyday online political talk in a non-political online discussion forum – or “third space”. The article finds that there was extensive evidence of super-participation in the forum, and that they did impact the nature of political talk.
Prevalence and Phenotype of Sleep Disorders in 60 Adults With Prader–Willi Syndrome
Authors: Ghergan Adelina , Coupaye Muriel , Leu-Semenescu Smaranda , Attali Valérie , Oppert Jean-Michel , Arnulf Isabelle , Poitou Christine , Redolfi Stefania 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStudy ObjectivesExcessive sleepiness is a common symptom in Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), and it negatively impacts the quality of life. Obstructive sleep apnea and narcolepsy phenotypes have been reported in PWS. We characterized sleep disorders in a large cohort of adults with PWS.MethodsAll consecutive patients with genetically confirmed PWS unselected for sleep-related symptoms, underwent a clinical interview, polysomnography, and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT, n = 60), followed by long-term (24 hours) polysomnography (n = 22/60).ResultsAmong 60 adults evaluated (57% female, aged 25 ± 10 years, body mass index: 39 ± 12 kg/m2), 67% reported excessive sleepiness. According to the sleep study results, 43% had a previously unrecognized hypersomnia disorder, 15% had an isolated sleep breathing disorder, 12% had combined hypersomnia disorder and untreated breathing sleep disorder, and only 30% had normal sleep. Isolated hypersomnia disorder included narcolepsy in 35% (type 1, n = 1, and type 2, n = 8), hypersomnia in 12% (total sleep time &gt;11 hours, n = 2, and MSLT &lt;8 minutes, n = 1), and borderline phenotype in 53% (≥2 sleep onset in REM periods and MSLT &gt;8 minutes, n = 10, and 8 minutes &lt; MSLT &lt; 10 minutes, n = 4). Sleep breathing disorders, isolated and combined, included obstructive sleep apnea (n = 14, already treated in seven), sleep hypoxemia (n = 1) and previously undiagnosed hypoventilation (n = 5). Modafinil was taken by 16 patients (well tolerated in 10), resulting in improved sleepiness over a mean 5-year follow-up period.ConclusionSleepiness affects more than half of adult patients with PWS, with a variety of hypersomnia disorder (narcolepsy, hypersomnia, and borderline phenotypes) and breathing sleep disorders. Earlier diagnosis and management of sleep disorders may improve sleepiness, cognition, and behavior in these patients.
Insight Into Reduction of Wakefulness by Suvorexant in Patients With Insomnia: Analysis of Wake Bouts
Authors: Svetnik Vladimir , Snyder Ellen S , Tao Peining , Scammell Thomas E , Roth Thomas , Lines Christopher , Herring W Joseph 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Study Objectives
To examine the duration and frequency of wake bouts underlying the wakefulness-after-sleep-onset (WASO) reduction with suvorexant.

Methods
We analyzed polysomnogram recordings from clinical trials involving 1518 insomnia patients receiving suvorexant (40/30, 20/15 mg) or placebo to determine the following: (1) the number of, and time spent in, long or short wake bouts and (2) the association between sleep quality and bout characteristics. We also compared wake and sleep bout characteristics of suvorexant in insomnia patients versus zolpidem in healthy subjects undergoing experimentally induced transient insomnia.

Results
Relative to placebo, suvorexant decreased the number and time spent in long wake bouts (&gt;2 minutes) and increased the number and time spent in short wake bouts (≤2 minutes). The time spent in long wake bouts during Night-1 decreased by 32–54 minutes, whereas the time spent in short wake bouts increased by 2–6 minutes. On average, a patient returned to sleep from his or her longest awakening more than twice as fast on suvorexant than placebo. The reduced time spent in long wake bouts resulted in odds ratios of self-reported good or excellent sleep quality ranging from 1.59 to 2.19 versus placebo. The small increase in time spent in short wake bouts had no effect on odds ratios. Findings were more pronounced for the higher (40/30 mg) doses of suvorexant. The wake and sleep bout characteristics of suvorexant differed from zolpidem which equally decreased the number of wake and sleep bouts of all durations during the early part of the night.

Conclusion
Suvorexant reduces WASO by reducing long wake bouts. This reduction has a positive effect on sleep quality.

Clinical Trials
Trial registration at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01097616; NCT01097629.
Epigenetics of inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Hammaker Deepa , Firestein Gary S. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
Aberrant epigenetic changes in DNA methylation, histone marks, and noncoding RNA expression regulate the pathogenesis of many rheumatic diseases. The present article will review the recent advances in the epigenetic profile of inflammatory arthritis and discuss diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.

Recent findings
Methylation signatures of fibroblast-like synoviocytes not only distinguish rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), but also early RA from late RA or juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Methylation patterns are also specific to individual joint locations, which might explain the distribution of joint involvement in some rheumatic diseases. Hypomethylation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) T cells is, in part, because of active demethylation and 5-hydroxymethylation. The methylation status of some genes in SLE is associated with disease severity and has potential as a diagnostic marker. An integrative analysis of OA methylome, transcriptome, and proteome in chondrocytes has identified multiple-evidence genes that might be evaluated for therapeutic potential. Class-specific histone deacetylase inhibitors are being evaluated for therapy in inflammatory arthritis.

Summary
Disease pathogenesis is regulated by the interplay of genetics, environment, and epigenetics. Understanding how these mechanisms regulate cell function in health and disease has implications for individualized therapy.
Cutaneous angiosarcoma: update on biology and latest treatment
Authors: Ishida Yoshihiro , Otsuka Atsushi , Kabashima Kenji 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
The present review aims to provide readers with the latest updates on the biology and clinical management of cutaneous angiosarcoma (cAS).

Recent findings
The genomic alteration of cAS is heterogeneous. Mutations are enriched in the mitosis-activated kinase (MAPK) pathway. Functional analysis has identified molecules that may serve as potential markers and therapeutic targets of angiosarcoma. These molecules include survivin, HSP90, FOXM1, miR-497-5p, KCa3.1, and miR210.
This body of knowledge has not yet transferred to clinical practice. The mainstay of treatment for cAS remains surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy. The efficacy of paclitaxel as an adjuvant chemotherapy is suggested.
For patients with advanced cAS, paclitaxel is the treatment of choice. There are also second-line treatment options that are supported by evidence of varying strength. A multikinase inhibitor, pazopanib, has been assessed in several studies, most of which support its efficacy for angiosarcoma. Bevacizumab monotherapy may be effective for angiosarcoma. The efficacy of eribulin mesylate and trabectedin for angiosarcoma is currently being assessed. Recent publications highlighted the role of the immune system in the biology of cAS.

Summary
Future research efforts should focus on the following aspects of cAS: drug development directed at recent molecular targets, clinical trials designed specifically for patients with cAS, and the role of immunotherapy for cAS.
Improving the Accuracy of Delirium Assessments in Neuroscience Patients
Authors: DiLibero Justin , DeSanto-Madeya Susan , Dottery Rachael , Sullivan Lauren , O’Donoghue Sharon C. 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Delirium affects up to 80% of critically ill patients; however, many cases of delirium go unrecognized because of inaccurate assessments. The effectiveness of interventions to improve assessment accuracy among the general population has been established, but assessments among neuroscience patients are uniquely complicated due to the presence of structural neurologic changes.

Objectives:
The purposes of this quality improvement project were to improve the accuracy of nurse’s delirium assessments among neuroscience patients and to determine the comparative effectiveness of the intervention between medical and neuroscience patients.

Methods:
A multifaceted nurse-led intervention was implemented, and a retrospective analysis of preintervention and postintervention data on assessment accuracy was completed. Results were stratified by population, level of sedation, and level of care. Differences were analyzed using Fisher exact test.

Results:
Data from 1052 delirium assessments were analyzed and demonstrated improvement in assessment accuracy from 56.82% to 95.07% among all patients and from 29.79% to 92.98% among sedate or agitated patients. Although baseline accuracy was significantly lower among neuroscience patients versus medical intensive care unit patients, no significant differences in postintervention accuracy were noted between groups.

Conclusion:
Results from this project demonstrate the effectiveness of the nurse-led intervention among neuroscience patients. Future research is needed to explore the effectiveness of this nurse-led intervention across other institutions and to describe the effectiveness of new interventions to improve outcomes at the patient and organizational levels.
Advances in targeting HER2-positive breast cancer
Authors: Harbeck Nadia 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and HER2-positive disease comprises about 15% of all breast cancer cases. Over the last few years, substantial advances have been made in treatment of early breast cancer (EBC) and advanced (ABC) HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer. The present review summarizes the major publications on HER2+ breast cancer in the year 2017 and discusses their clinical relevance.

Recent findings
The clinically most relevant data in 2017 relates to the EBC setting. The St. Gallen Consensus 2017 for the first time recommended neoadjuvant treatment as standard of care in HER2+ EBC. Moreover, the APHINITY trial demonstrated efficacy of adjuvant dual antibody-based HER2 blockade. Data in MBC mostly confirmed established treatment strategies.

Summary
Clinical data presented in 2017 for HER2+ breast cancer confirmed current guidelines and extended treatment options for patients. First intriguing steps were made towards de-escalation in the EBC setting.
Breath Volatile Organic Compound Profiling of Colorectal Cancer Using Selected Ion Flow-tube Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Markar Sheraz R. , Chin Sung-Tong , Romano Andrea , Wiggins Tom , Antonowicz Stefan , Paraskeva Paraskevas , Ziprin Paul , Darzi Ara , Hanna George B. 
Published: November 2017

Objective:

Background:
Breath VOCs have the potential to noninvasively diagnose cancer.

Methods:
Exhaled breath samples were collected using 2-L double-layered Nalophan bags, and were analyzed using selected-ion-flow-tube mass-spectrometry. Gold-standard test for comparison was endoscopy for luminal inspection and computed tomography (CT) to confirm cancer recurrence. Three studies were conducted:

Results:

Conclusion:
This study suggests the association of a single breath biomarker with the primary presence and recurrence of CRCa. Further multicenter validation studies are required to validate these findings.
Neutrophil adhesion in brain capillaries contributes to cortical blood flow decreases and impaired memory function in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Cruz Hernández Jean C. , Bracko Oliver , Kersbergen Calvin J. , Muse Victorine , Haft-Javaherian Mohammad , Berg Maxime , Park Laibaik , Vinarcsik Lindsay K. , Ivasyk Iryna , Kang Yiming , Cortes-Canteli Marta , Peyrounette Myriam , Doyeux Vincent , Smith Amy , Zhou Joan , Otte Gabriel , Beverly Jeffrey D. , Davenport Elizabeth , Davit Yohan , Strickland Sidney , Iadecola Costantino , Lorthois Sylvie , Nishimura Nozomi , Schaffer Chris B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe existence of cerebral blood flow (CBF) reductions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and related mouse models has been known for decades, but the underlying mechanisms and the resulting impacts on cognitive function and AD pathogenesis remain poorly understood. In the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD we found that an increased number of cortical capillaries had stalled blood flow as compared to wildtype animals, largely due to leukocytes that adhered in capillary segments and blocked blood flow. These capillary stalls were an early feature of disease development, appearing before amyloid deposits. Administration of antibodies against the neutrophil marker Ly6G reduced the number of stalled capillaries, leading to an immediate increase in CBF and to rapidly improved performance in spatial and working memory tasks. Our work has thus identified a cellular mechanism that explains the majority of the CBF reduction seen in a mouse model of AD and has also demonstrated that improving CBF rapidly improved short-term memory function. Restoring cerebral perfusion by preventing the leukocyte adhesion that plugs capillaries may provide a novel strategy for improving cognition in AD patients.