bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐dependent male mating tactics in a spider mite—A life‐history perspective
Authors: Sato Yukie , Rühr Peter T. , Schmitz Helmut , Egas Martijn , Blanke Alexander 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMales often fight with rival males for access to females. However, some males display nonfighting tactics such as sneaking, satellite behavior, or female mimicking. When these mating tactics comprise a conditional strategy, they are often thought to be explained by resource holding potential (RHP), that is, nonfighting tactics are displayed by less competitive males who are more likely to lose a fight. The alternative mating tactics, however, can also be explained by life‐history theory, which predicts that young males avoid fighting, regardless of their RHP, if it pays off to wait for future reproduction. Here, we test whether the sneaking tactic displayed by young males of the two‐spotted spider mite can be explained by life‐history theory. We tested whether young sneaker males survive longer than young fighter males after a bout of mild or strong competition with old fighter males. We also investigated whether old males have a more protective outer skin—a possible proxy for RHP—by measuring cuticle hardness and elasticity using nanoindentation. We found that young sneaker males survived longer than young fighter males after mild male competition. This difference was not found after strong male competition, which suggests that induction of sneaking tactic is affected by male density. Hardness and elasticity of the skin did not vary with male age. Given that earlier work could also not detect morphometric differences between fighter and sneaker males, we conclude that there is no apparent increase in RHP with age in the mite and age‐dependent male mating tactics in the mite can be explained only by life‐history theory. Because it is likely that fighting incurs a survival cost, age‐dependent alternative mating tactics may be explained by life‐history theory in many species when reproduction of old males is a significant factor in fitness.
Aging perceptions and self‐efficacy mediate the association between personality traits and depressive symptoms in older adults
Authors: O'Shea D. M. , Dotson V. M. , Fieo R. A. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivePersonality traits have been shown to be predictors of depressive symptoms in late life. Thus, we examined whether other more modifiable sources of individual differences such as self‐efficacy and self‐perceptions of aging would mediate the association between personality traits and depressive symptoms in older adults.MethodData were obtained from 3,507 older adult participants who took part in the 2012 Health and Retirement Study. The “Big Five” personality traits, self‐efficacy, aging perceptions, and depressive symptoms were assessed. Mediation analyses tested the hypothesis that self‐efficacy and aging perceptions would mediate the relationship between personality traits and depressive symptoms.ResultsAll five personality traits were significant predictors of depressive symptoms. Neuroticism was positively associated with depressive symptoms and had the greatest effect compared with the other personality traits. There was a significant indirect effect of neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness on depressive symptoms (including both mediators). The mediating effect of aging perceptions on the relationship between neuroticism and depressive symptoms was the strongest compared with self‐efficacy, accounting for approximately 80% of the total indirect effect.ConclusionOur results provide support for interventions aimed at improving self‐perceptions related to efficacy and aging in order to reduce depressive symptoms in older adults. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive management of recurrent thyroid cancer: An American Head and Neck Society consensus statement
Authors: Scharpf Joseph , Tuttle Michael , Wong Richard , Ridge Drew , Smith Russell , Hartl Dana , Levine Robert , Randolph Gregory 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) consensus statement focuses on the detection and management of recurrent thyroid cancer. This document describes the radiologic approach to defining structural recurrent disease and the operative and nonoperative rationale in addressing identified structural disease to create equipoise in the personalized treatment strategy for the patient. The recommendations of this AHNS multidisciplinary consensus panel of the American Head and Neck Society are intended to help guide all multidisciplinary clinicians who diagnose or manage adult patients with thyroid cancer.The consensus panel is comprised of members of the American Head and Neck Society and its Endocrine Surgical Committee, and there is representation from medical endocrinology and both national and international surgical representation drawn from general/endocrine surgery and otolaryngology/head and neck surgery. Authors provided expertise for their respective sections, and consensus recommendations were made regarding the evaluation and treatment of recurrent thyroid cancer. Evidence‐based literature support is drawn from thyroid cancer studies, recurrent thyroid cancer studies, and American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines. The manuscript was then distributed to members of the American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Committee and governing counsel for further feedback. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1862–1869, 2016
Ossicular replacement prostheses from banked bone with ergonomic and functional geometry
Authors: Milazzo Mario , Danti Serena , Inglese Francesco , Jansen van Vuuren Godfried , Gramigna Vera , Bonsignori Gabriella , De Vito Andrea , Bruschini Luca , Stefanini Cesare , Berrettini Stefano 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study shows the fabrication of innovative ossicular replacement prostheses (ORPs) based on banked cortical bone using computer numerically controlled ultraprecision micromilling, as a substantial improvement of “second generation” ORPs. Our aim is to combine optimal middle ear compatibility and surgical manageability in a single device, by releasing off‐the‐shelf homograft ORPs provided with the appealing features of synthetic ORPs, such as lightness, safety, measurement accuracy, surface decoration, and geometric plasticity. The new total ORP prototype was 13.1 ± 0.1 mg, leading to 81% weight reduction with respect to the previous model. Surface motifs of the head plate were applied to prevent slipping and migration after surgery, as shown by finite element modeling analysis. In addition, bone ORPs were provided with holed head plates to facilitate their surgical positioning while reducing their mass. A comparative measurement of acoustic responses of bone against synthetic partial ORPs in the 250–8000 Hz frequency range demonstrated their superior behavior. This study showed that banked compact bone can be optimally manufactured, eventually enabling the fabrication of light, standardized, and highly performant ORPs. The new bone ORPs may represent the ideal combination of biocompatibility and technology which can ultimately accomplish unmet otosurgical needs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2495–2506, 2017.
pH and metal concentration of synovial fluid of osteoarthritic joints and joints with metal replacements
Authors: Milošev Ingrid , Levašič Vesna , Vidmar Janja , Kovač Simon , Trebše Rihard 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground: Due to degradation and metal dissolution during articulation of metal joint replacements the chemical periprosthetic environment may change. The aim was to establish whether metal replacements cause the local changes in pH and elevated metal concentrations. Methods: pH was measured on samples from 167 patients: native hip and knee osteoarthritic joints, joints with hip and knee replacements revised for aseptic or septic reasons. pH of synovial fluid and periprosthetic tissue was measured perioperatively using a microelectrode and pH indicator papers for removed metal components. Metal concentrations were measured in 21 samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: The mean pH value of synovial fluid at native osteoarthritic joints (n = 101) was 7.78 ± 0.38. The mean pH value of synovial fluid at revision aseptic operation (n = 58) was 7.60 ± 0.31, with statistically significant difference (p = 0.002) compared to native osteoarthritic joints. The mean pH value of synovial fluid at revision septic operation (n = 8) was 7.55 ± 0.25, with statistically significant difference (p = 0.038) compared to native osteoarthritic joints. Measurements in tissue and at stems were not reliable. In the majority of samples taken at revision increased levels of cobalt and chromium were measured. Conclusion: A small but statistically significant difference was observed in the pH of synovial fluid between natural joints with degenerative diseases and joints treated with metal replacements. Based on the increased metal levels we expected the value of pH to be lower, but the influence of metal ions is counteracted by the buffering capacity of human body. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2507–2515, 2017.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracies of two‐ and three‐dimensional MR elastography of the liver
Authors: Morisaka Hiroyuki , Motosugi Utaroh , Glaser Kevin J. , Ichikawa Shintaro , Ehman Richard L. , Sano Katsuhiro , Ichikawa Tomoaki , Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of imaging sequence (spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging [EPI] and gradient‐echo [GRE]) and postprocessing method (two‐dimensional [2D] and 3D inversion algorithms) on liver MR elastography (MRE) and to validate the diagnostic performance of EPI‐MRE3D versus conventional GRE‐MRE2D for liver fibrosis staging.Materials and MethodsThree MRE methods (EPI‐MRE3D, EPI‐MRE2D, and GRE‐MRE2D) were performed on soft and mildly stiff phantoms and 58 patients with chronic liver disease using a 3 Tesla clinical MRI scanner, and stiffness values were compared among the three methods. A validation study comprised 73 patients with histological liver fibrosis (F0–4, METAVIR system). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and accuracies for diagnosing significant fibrosis (F3–4) and cirrhosis (F4) were compared between EPI‐MRE3D and GRE‐MRE2D.ResultsStiffness values of the soft and mildly stiff phantoms were 2.4 kPa and 4.0 kPa by EPI‐MRE3D; 2.6 kPa and 4.2 kPa by EPI‐MRE2D; and 2.7 kPa and 4.2 kPa by GRE‐MRE2D. In patients, EPI‐MRE3D provided significantly lower stiffness values than other methods (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between GRE‐MRE2D and EPI‐MRE2D (P = 0.12). The AUCs and accuracies of EPI‐MRE3D and GRE‐MRE2D were statistically equivalent in the diagnoses of significant fibrosis (F3–4) and cirrhosis (F4) (all P < 0.005).ConclusionEPI‐MRE3D showed modestly lower liver stiffness values than conventional GRE‐MRE2D. The diagnostic performances of EPI‐MRE3D and GRE‐MRE2D were equivalent for liver fibrosis staging.Level of Evidence: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1163–1170
Readmission following primary surgery for larynx and oropharynx cancer in the elderly
Authors: Chaudhary Hamad , Stewart C. Matthew , Webster Kimberly , Herbert Robert J. , Frick Kevin D. , Eisele David W. , Gourin Christine G. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo examine 30‐day readmission rates and associations with risk factors, survival, length of hospitalization, and costs in elderly patients with laryngeal and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (SCC).Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare data.MethodsWe evaluated 1,518 patients diagnosed with laryngeal or oropharyngeal SCC from 2004 to 2007 who underwent primary surgery using cross‐tabulations, multivariate regression modeling, and survival analysis.ResultsThirty‐day readmission occurred in 14.1% of hospitalizations. Readmission was more likely in patients with postoperative complications during initial hospitalization (24.8% vs. 4.5%, P < 0.001), and was associated with an increased 30‐day mortality incidence rate (5.1% vs. 0.9%; P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, 30‐day readmission was significantly associated with advanced stage (odds ratio [OR] = 1.81 [1.13–2.90]), comorbidity (OR = 2.69 [1.65–4.39]), divorced/separated marital status (OR = 2.00 [1.19–3.38]), preoperative tracheostomy (OR = 3.39 [1.55–7.44]), major surgical procedures (OR = 2.58 [1.68–3.97]), greater length of initial hospitalization (OR = 1.72 [1.09–2.71]), pneumonia (OR = 2.86 [1.28–6.40]), postoperative dysphagia (OR = 5.97 [2.48–15.83]), and cardiovascular events (OR = 5.84 [1.89–17.96]). Thirty‐day readmission was significantly associated with 30‐day mortality (OR = 5.89 [2.21–15.70) and higher 1‐year mortality (68.0% vs. 89.2%, P < 0.001). The mean incremental costs of surgical care were significantly greater for patients with unplanned readmission ($15,123 [$10,514–$19,732]), after controlling for all other variables.ConclusionUnplanned readmissions are associated with increased short‐ and long‐term mortality and costs. Elderly patients with advanced disease, advanced comorbidity, lack of spousal support, pretreatment organ dysfunction, more extensive surgery, postoperative pneumonia, postoperative dysphagia, and prolonged hospitalization are at increased risk of 30‐day readmission. These findings suggest a need for targeted interventions before, during, and after hospitalization to reduce morbidity, mortality, and excess costs in this high‐risk population.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 127:631–641, 2017
Substrate integrated waveguide circularly polarized horn‐dipole antenna with improved gain
Authors: Luo Yu , Bornemann Jens 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTA substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) horn antenna is combined with a dipole to achieve circular polarization (CP). First, it is established that CP can be achieved by combining a horn and a dipole. To excite the dipole, double‐sided tapered and balanced transmission lines are employed at the central part of the horn aperture. Secondly, after the position and the size of the dipole are determined, a directional circularly polarized beam in the plane of the substrate is achieved. Finally, the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. Experimental results are in good agreement with simulations. Measured results show that an effective bandwidth of 5% for axial ratio (AR) less than 3 dB and return loss (RL) better than 10 dB from 11.8 to 12.4 GHz is achieved. In particular, the maximum gain of the proposed antenna is as high as 7.5 dBi due to the design of the horn structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2973–2977, 2016
Comparison of spoiled gradient echo and steady‐state free‐precession imaging for native myocardial T1 mapping using the slice‐interleaved T1 mapping (STONE) sequence
Authors: Jang Jihye , Bellm Steven , Roujol Sébastien , Basha Tamer A. , Nezafat Maryam , Kato Shingo , Weingärtner Sebastian , Nezafat Reza 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCardiac T1 mapping allows non‐invasive imaging of interstitial diffuse fibrosis. Myocardial T1 is commonly calculated by voxel‐wise fitting of the images acquired using balanced steady‐state free precession (SSFP) after an inversion pulse. However, SSFP imaging is sensitive to B1 and B0 imperfection, which may result in additional artifacts. A gradient echo (GRE) imaging sequence has been used for myocardial T1 mapping; however, its use has been limited to higher magnetic field to compensate for the lower signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of GRE versus SSFP imaging. A slice‐interleaved T1 mapping (STONE) sequence with SSFP readout (STONE–SSFP) has been recently proposed for native myocardial T1 mapping, which allows longer recovery of magnetization (>8 R–R) after each inversion pulse. In this study, we hypothesize that a longer recovery allows higher SNR and enables native myocardial T1 mapping using STONE with GRE imaging readout (STONE–GRE) at 1.5T. Numerical simulations and phantom and in vivo imaging were performed to compare the performance of STONE–GRE and STONE–SSFP for native myocardial T1 mapping at 1.5T. In numerical simulations, STONE–SSFP shows sensitivity to both T2 and off resonance. Despite the insensitivity of GRE imaging to T2, STONE–GRE remains sensitive to T2 due to the dependence of the inversion pulse performance on T2. In the phantom study, STONE–GRE had inferior accuracy and precision and similar repeatability as compared with STONE–SSFP. In in vivo studies, STONE–GRE and STONE–SSFP had similar myocardial native T1 times, precisions, repeatabilities and subjective T1 map qualities. Despite the lower SNR of the GRE imaging readout compared with SSFP, STONE–GRE provides similar native myocardial T1 measurements, precision, repeatability, and subjective image quality when compared with STONE–SSFP at 1.5T.
A new enhanced assumed strain quadrilateral membrane element with drilling degree of freedom and modified shape functions
Authors: Boutagouga Djamel. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryA new four‐node quadrilateral membrane finite element with drilling rotational degree of freedom based on the enhanced assumed strain formulation is presented. A simple formulation is achieved by five incompatible modes that are added to the Allman‐type interpolation. Furthermore, modified shape functions are used to improve the behaviour of distorted elements. Numerical results show that the proposed new element exhibits good numerical accuracy and improved performance, and in many cases, superior to existing elements. In particular, Poisson's locking in nearly incompressible elasticity fades and the element performs well when it becomes considerably distorted even when it takes almost triangular shape. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remote Sensing of Landscape Change in Permafrost Regions
Authors: Jorgenson Mark Torre , Grosse Guido 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAmplification of global warming in Arctic and boreal regions is causing significant changes to permafrost‐affected landscapes. The nature and extent of the change is complicated by ecological responses that take place across strong gradients in environmental conditions and disturbance regimes. Emerging remote sensing techniques based on a growing array of satellite and airborne platforms that cover a wide range of spatial and temporal scales increasingly allow robust detection of changes in permafrost landscapes. In this review, we summarise recent developments (2010 − 15) in remote sensing applications to detect and monitor landscape changes involving surface temperatures, snow cover, topography, surface water, vegetation cover and structure, and disturbances from fire and human activities. We then focus on indicators of degrading permafrost, including thermokarst lakes and drained lake basins, thermokarst bogs and fens, thaw slumps and active‐layer detachment slides, thermal erosion gullies, thermokarst pits and troughs, and coastal erosion and flooding. Our review highlights the expanding sensor capabilities, new image processing and multivariate analysis techniques, enhanced public access to data and increasingly long image archives that are facilitating novel insights into the multi‐decadal dynamics of permafrost landscapes. Remote sensing methods that appear especially promising for change detection include: repeat light detection and ranging, interferometric synthetic aperture radar and airborne geophysics for detecting topographic and subsurface changes; temporally dense analyses at high spatial resolution; and multi‐sensor data fusion. Remotely sensed data are also becoming used more frequently as driving parameters in permafrost model and mapping schemes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Comparison of Metabolic Rates in Off‐Channel Habitats of the Middle Mississippi River
Authors: Sobotka M. J. , Phelps Q. E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAutochthonous material has been found to be an important base in large river food webs. However, a spatial understanding of primary production in large rivers is lacking. We modeled primary productivity and community respiration (CR) during a low water period in two types of off‐channel habitat present in the Middle Mississippi River, side channels and wing dike fields. Wing dike fields are constantly connected to the main channel and are well mixed along most of their length, while side channels are typically connected only at the top and mouth. Gross primary production (GPP) in wing dike fields ranged from 0.0 to 8.9 g O2 m−2 D−1 and in side channels GPP ranged from 0.4 to 33.5 g O2 m−2 D−1. Both habitat types experienced periods of positive net ecosystem production (NEP) especially in the late summer and early fall. Correlations between metabolic rates and ecosystem characteristics differed between habitat types. Discharge was negatively correlated to NEP in wing dike fields but was not associated with metabolic rates in side channels. Light was positively correlated with GPP and CR at both site types and with NEP in side channels. These areas are protected from high velocity and likely experience greater light penetration, allowing more photosynthesis to take place especially during low water periods. This study demonstrates the potential for high productivity in off‐channel habitats that are permanently connected to the main channel. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sodium Lauryl Sulphate Enhanced Solar Energy Conversion by Photogalvanic Effect of Rhodamine B‐Fructose in Artificial Light
Authors: Koli Pooran 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe present study has been done to improve the solar power and storage capacity of the Rhodamine B‐Fructose system with small Pt electrode by use of Sodium Lauryl Sulphate surfactant in the artificial light. With additional scope for reduction of the cost, the present study has shown greatly enhanced performance in terms of electrical parameters like power 336.05 μW, short‐circuit current 1150 μA, and conversion efficiency ∼11.28 %.
Copper (II) Oxide Nanoparticles as an Efficient Catalyst in the Azide–AlkyneCycloaddition
Authors: Amini Mojtaba , Pourvahabi Anbari Alireza , Ramezani Sakine , Gautam Sanjeev , Hwa Chae Keun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCopper (II) oxide nanorods and nanospheres were prepared and their structural, morphological, and electronic properties were investigated by X‐ray diffraction analysis, X‐ray absorption near edge structure, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope.CuO nanoparticles efficiently catalyzes azide‐alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction producing corresponding 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives in excellent yields without use of any additives. The advantages of present protocol are mild reaction conditions, reusability of the catalyst, and applicability to a wide range of substrates.
Neurodegeneration and RNA‐binding proteins
Authors: De Conti Laura , Baralle Marco , Buratti Emanuele 
Published: September 2016

In the eukaryotic nucleus, RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) play a very important role in the life cycle of both coding and noncoding RNAs. As soon as they are transcribed, in fact, all RNA molecules within a cell are bound by distinct sets of RBPs that have the task of regulating its correct processing, transport, stability, and function/translation up to its final degradation. These tasks are particularly important in cells that have a complex RNA metabolism, such as neurons. Not surprisingly, therefore, recent findings have shown that the misregulation of genes involved in RNA metabolism or the autophagy/proteasome pathway plays an important role in the onset and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we aim to review the recent advances that link neurodegenerative processes and RBP proteins. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1394. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1394This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease