bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) around an operational tidal turbine in Strangford Narrows: No barrier effect but small changes in transit behaviour
Authors: Sparling Carol , Lonergan Mike , McConnell Bernie 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Data were obtained from 32 electronic tags that were glued to the fur of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in and around Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland, during the environmental monitoring of the SeaGen tidal turbine.
This study provides the first detailed information on the behaviour of marine mammals close to a commercial‐scale tidal energy device. The turbine did not prevent transit of the animals through the channel and therefore did not result in a ‘barrier’ effect.
However, the animals' behaviour did change when the turbine was operating, demonstrating the importance of allowing for behavioural responses when estimating collision risks associated with tidal turbines.
Tagged animals passed the location of the device more frequently during slack water than when the current was running. In 2010 the frequency of transits by tagged seals reduced by 20% (95% CI: 10–50%) when the turbine was on, relative to when it was off. This effect was stronger when considering daylight hours only with a reduction of transit rate of 57% (95% CI: 25–64%). Seals tagged during the operational period transited approximately 250 m either side of the turbine suggesting some degree of local avoidance compared with the pre‐installation results.
The results presented here have implications for monitoring and managing the potential interactions between tidal turbines and marine wildlife. Principally that the design of telemetry studies for measuring change in response to developments should seek to understand and take into account variability in seal behaviour.
This study only looked at the effects of a single turbine rather than an array, and mitigation limited the ability to determine close range interactions. However, the study indicates that the effect of the turbine on Strangford Lough harbour seals was minor and that collision risk was reduced by the behaviour of the seals.
Two typical modes in the variabilities of wintertime North Pacific basin‐scale oceanic fronts and associated atmospheric eddy‐driven jet
Authors: Wang Liying , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Yang Dejian , Xie Qian , Fang Jiabei , Sun Xuguang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe role of oceanic fronts in the midlatitude air–sea interaction remains unclear. This study defines new indexes to quantify the intensity and location of two basin‐scale oceanic frontal zones in the wintertime North Pacific, i.e. the subtropical and subarctic frontal zones (STFZ, SAFZ). With these indexes, two typical modes, which are closely related to two large‐scale sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly patterns resembling Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), respectively, are found in the oceanic front variabilities as well as in their associations with the midlatitude atmospheric eddy‐driven jet. Corresponding to an PDO‐like SST anomaly pattern, an enhanced STFZ occurs with a southward shifted SAFZ, which is associated with enhanced overlying atmospheric front, baroclinicity and transient eddy vorticity forcing, thus with an intensification of the westerly jet; and vice versa. On the other hand, corresponding to an NPGO‐like SST pattern, an enhanced SAFZ occurs with a northward shifted STFZ, which is associated with a northward shift of the atmospheric front, baroclinicity, transient eddy vorticity forcing, and westerly jet; and vice versa. These results suggest that the basin‐scale oceanic frontal zone is a key region for the midlatitude air–sea interaction in which the atmospheric transient eddy's dynamical forcing is a key player in such an interaction.
In silico mapping of allosteric ligand binding sites in type‐1 cannabinoid receptor
Authors: Sabatucci Annalaura , Tortolani Daniel , Dainese Enrico , Maccarrone Mauro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe recent resolution of the crystal structure of type‐1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) and the discovery of novel modulators for this target open the way to the possibility of elucidating the structural requirements for CB1 binding, and thereby facilitate a rational drug design. Compounds that target the orthosteric site of CB1 in some cases have shown side effects. Allosteric modulators could potentially avoid these side effects by influencing binding and/or efficacy of orthosteric ligands. Here, we summarize and compare previous data on different putative allosteric binding sites observed in CB1 homology models with an in silico docking study of the recently published crystal structure of the same receptor on endogenous and natural hydrophobic ligands that act as positive allosteric modulators and negative allosteric modulators of CB1. In particular, a lipid‐exposed pocket targeted by most of the tested molecules is reported and discussed.
Attitudes of therapists towards people with learning disabilities
Authors: Besika Anastasia , Collard Patrizia C , Coogan Joy 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionLearning disabilities (LDs) can be an invisible condition, and therapists may come across clients that remain undiagnosed. Unless therapists are equipped to work with this client group, the therapeutic process could lead to damaging results.AimThis study investigates attitudes of private therapists towards working with clients with LDs in the field of counselling and psychotherapy. The overall aim was to raise awareness on the issue.MethodologyPrimary research was conducted applying the Q‐Methodology. Existing views were gathered from the literature and were used to study the range of subjective views on the topic. POETQ, an online application, enabled 23 private therapists across the United Kingdom to participate in the study. Data were analysed electronically using a computer application, specifically designed for the Q‐Method.ResultsFour Q‐factors were defined that reflect the current attitudes amongst therapists: Factor 1: Therapists are responsible for the effectiveness of their service; Factor 2: LDs are a type of diversity; Factor 3: Lack of knowledge impacts on level of confidence and Factor 4: There is a need for therapists to undertake relevant training.ConclusionsThese results show that participants in this study belong to a population that holds positive attitudes towards people with LDs and believe that a therapeutic relationship can be established with such clients. However, the nonresponse bias can potentially indicate that the majority of the population is unwilling to engage with clients with LDs. This study suggests that training, professional experience and direct personal contact and familiarity with LDs contribute towards positive attitudes. A further investigation of the factors that influence attitudes of therapists, could contribute towards improving the quality of psychotherapeutic services available to people with LDs.
Self‐conscious emotions and suicidal ideation among women with and without history of childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Kealy David , Spidel Alicia , Ogrodniczuk John S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundSuicidal ideation and the self‐conscious emotions of guilt and shame are frequently encountered in psychotherapy. However, research regarding the relationship between self‐conscious emotions and suicidal thoughts has been limited, particularly in the context of women's experiences of childhood sexual abuse.AimsThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between suicidal ideation and experiences of guilt and shame among women seeking psychotherapy, and to examine the role of childhood sexual trauma in this relationship.Materials and MethodsParticipants were 68 women attending an outpatient psychotherapy clinic who completed questionnaire measures of depression, guilt and shame, suicidal ideation, and childhood trauma.ResultsZero‐order and partial correlations found direct positive associations between frequency of suicidal thoughts and both guilt and shame. Hierarchical regression analysis found significant interactions between sexual abuse and self‐conscious emotions. Among women without a history of sexual abuse, frequency of suicidal ideation was associated with guilt. Among women who had suffered childhood sexual trauma, frequency of suicidal ideation was associated with shame.DiscussionThese preliminary findings suggest that shame may be an important target in therapy for women with sexual abuse trauma, and indicate directions for future research.ConclusionClinicians addressing suicidal ideation need to consider the nuanced relationship between self‐conscious emotions and clients’ experience of trauma.
Making (mis) sense of asymptomatic marked hypercalcemia in pregnancy
Authors: Maltese Giuseppe , Izatt Louise , McGowan Barbara M. , Hafeez Kashif , Hubbard Johnathan G. , Carroll Paul V. 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessageWe describe a rare case of homozygous inactivating calcium‐sensing receptor mutation detected during pregnancy and mimicking primary hyperparathyroidism. In pregnancy, the differential diagnosis of hypercalcaemia requires a cautious approach as physiological changes in calcium homeostasis may mask rare genetic conditions.
Engineered Aminotransferase for the Production of d‐Phenylalanine Derivatives Using Biocatalytic Cascades
Authors: Walton Curtis J. W. , Parmeggiani Fabio , Barber Janet E. B. , McCann Jenna L. , Turner Nicholas J. , Chica Roberto A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstractd‐Phenylalanine derivatives are valuable chiral building blocks for a wide range of pharmaceuticals. Here, we developed stereoinversion and deracemization biocatalytic cascades to synthesize d‐phenylalanine derivatives that contain electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing substituents of various sizes and at different positions on the phenyl ring with a high enantiomeric excess (90 to >99 % ee) from commercially available racemic mixtures or l‐amino acids. These whole‐cell systems couple Proteus mirabilis l‐amino acid deaminase with an engineered aminotransferase that displays native‐like activity towards d‐phenylalanine, which we generated from Bacillus sp. YM‐1 d‐amino acid aminotransferase. Our cascades are applicable to preparative‐scale synthesis and do not require cofactor‐regeneration systems or chemical reducing agents.
Carbon Nanotubes/Carbon Fiber Paper Supported MnO2 Cathode Catalyst for Li−Air Batteries
Authors: Hu Si‐Jiang , Fan Xiao‐Ping , Chen Jing , Peng Ji‐Ming , Wang Hong‐Qiang , Huang You‐Guo , Li Qing‐Yu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLithium−air batteries (LABs) are considered one of the most promising energy conversion systems for delivering large specific energy. However, practical applications still face major challenges, including poor rate capability, short cycle life, and low round‐trip efficiencies. Here, we report a novel strategy to improve the catalytic activity of MnO2 through the combination of 3D MnO2 and carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber paper (CNTs/CFP) with a binder‐free structure. Side reactions related to the binder are precluded in this design. The presence of CNTs not only promotes the formation of a 3D structure of the air electrode, but directs the uniform deposition of MnO2. When applied as a cathode in LABs, the as‐prepared MnO2/CNTs/CFP electrode achieves comparable specific capacity (with a discharge capacity of 8723.5 mAh g−1
at 100 mA g−1). The encouraging electrochemical performance is found to benefit from free‐standing nanoporous structures, which provide more active sites for enabling oxygen reduction. It is also attributed to the decreased side reactions.
Ferrocene Derived Bifunctional Phosphine‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Oxa‐[4+2] Cycloaddition of α‐Substituted Allenones with Enones
Authors: Wang Huamin , Lu Weike , Zhang Junliang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn efficient ferrocene‐derived bifunctional phosphine‐catalyzed enantioselective oxa‐[4+2] cycloaddition of α‐substituted allenones with a broad range of enones is investigated for the preparation of stereodefined dihydropyrans in good to excellent yields (up to 99 %) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee). Furthermore, a series of valuable chiral polyheterocyclic frameworks can be efficiently achieved in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities.
Incorporating an Inert Polymer into the Interlayer Passivates Surface Defects in Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Bi Shiqing , Zhang Xuning , Qin Liang , Wang Rong , Zhou Jiyu , Leng Xuanye , Qiu Xiaohui , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Huiqiong , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe hysteresis effect and instability are important concerns in hybrid perovskite photovoltaic devices that hold great promise in energy conversion applications. In this study, we show that the power conversion efficiency (PCE), hysteresis, and device lifetime can be simultaneously improved for methylammoniumlead halide (CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx) solar cells after incorporating poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) into the PC61BM electron extraction layer (EEL). By choosing appropriate molecular weights of PMMA, we obtain a 30 % enhancement of PCE along with effectively lowered hysteresis and device degradation, adopting inverted planar device structure. Through the combinatorial study using Kelvin probe force microscopy, diode mobility measurements, and irradiation‐dependent solar cell characterization, we attribute the enhanced device parameters (fill factor and open circuit voltage) to the surface passivation of CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx, leading to mitigating charge trapping at the cathode interface and resultant Shockley‐Read‐Hall charge recombination. Beneficially, modified by inert PMMA, CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx solar cells display a pronounced retardation in performance degradation, resulting from improved film quality in the PC61BM layer incorporating PMMA which increases the protection for underneath perovskite films. This work enables a versatile and effective interface approach to deal with essential concerns for solution‐processed perovskite solar cells by air‐stable and widely accessible materials.
Self‐Assembled Vesicle–Carbon Nanotube Conjugate Formation through a Boronate–Diol Covalent Linkage
Authors: Dinda Soumik , Mandal Deep , Sarkar Saheli , Das Prasanta Kumar 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA vesicle–single walled carbon nanotube (CNT) conjugate was developed by a boronic acid–diol covalent linkage between a self‐assembled vesicle and dispersed CNT. Trimesic acid based phenylboronic acid appended triple‐tailed amphiphiles (T1 and T1S) were synthesized that formed monolayered vesicles through H‐aggregation in DMSO–water (2:1 v/v) and pure water, respectively. Aqueous CNT dispersion was prepared with cholesterol‐based glucose‐functionalized amphiphile (D1). These two supramolecular self‐assemblies were covalently linked by using a boronic acid–diol interaction between a phenylboronic acid based T1S vesicle and 1,2‐diol moieties of glucose tethered dispersing agent (D1) to develop a vesicle–CNT conjugate. Lewis acid–base chemistry was exploited to form this boronate–diol adduct between two supramolecular self‐assemblies. The formation of vesicles, CNT dispersion, and the vesicle–CNT conjugate was characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Anticancer drug doxorubicin was encapsulated within this T1S‐vesicle–D1‐CNT conjugate with a higher loading capacity compared to the individual cargo carrier (vesicle or CNT). This cytocompatible T1S‐vesicle–D1‐CNT conjugate successfully delivered loaded doxorubicin within a B16F10 melanoma cell and also exhibited better cellular transportation ability compared to the drug‐loaded vesicle or CNT. This was further reflected in an enhanced killing efficiency of the cancer cells by the vesicle–CNT conjugate compared to the drug‐loaded vesicle or CNT.
Chiroptical properties of dithia[3.3]cyclophanes composed of anthracene and pyridine/pyridinium moieties: A combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Shimizu Akinori , Nagasaki Keisuke , Inoue Yoshihisa , Mori Tadashi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCircular dichroisms (CDs) of neutral and protonated [3.3]anthracenopyridinophane (1 and 1‐H+) were investigated experimentally and theoretically. Introducing an anthracene moiety with extended conjugation affected the cyclophane structure with the bent angles being appreciably  reduced from those of parent [3.3]pyridinophane. The Cotton effects (CEs) observed at the 1Bb band for both 1 and 1‐H+ were fairly strong and apparently bisignate, which, however, turned out not to be a simple exciton couplet but to be composed of multiple transitions. In contrast, the CEs were much weaker in the 1La band region. The spectral changes upon protonation were less significant compared with the parent pyridinophane, being dominated by the local transitions of anthracene. Nevertheless, the CD spectra of 1 and 1‐H+ were well reproduced by theoretical calculations to allow us an unambiguous absolute configuration determination of the first high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) elute (from Chiralcel IB column) as Sp. The transannular interactions between the anthracene and pyridine/pyridinium units were examined by UV‐vis and fluorescence spectroscopy to reveal a charge‐transfer (CT) band in the low‐energy region, particularly for 1‐H+. Despite the comparable CT interactions, the CE at the CT band was much stronger for the anthracenopyridinophane than for the parent pyridinophane, affording an anisotropy (g) factor as large as 4 × 10‐3.
Self‐Assembly of DNA Nanostructures Using Three‐Way Junctions on Small Circular DNAs
Authors: Wang Meng , Afshan Noshin , Kou Bo , Xiao Shou‐Jun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMolecular self‐assembly using DNA as a structural building block has proven to be an efficient route to the construction of nanoscale objects and arrays. Using the pre‐circularised DNA as the core strand of DNA motifs provides new components for the assembly of one‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional (1D, 2D, 3D) nanostructures. We report here honeycomb‐like and grid‐like framework nanostructures constructed from 3‐arm triangle and 4‐arm square tiles with pivotal three‐way junctions on small circular oligonucleotides of 32‐nt and 42‐nt, respectively. However the flexible three‐way junction, the crowded spatial environment of the small circular DNA motifs, and the lack of rigidity in the double helix connection may reduce the possibility to grow large single crystalline DNA lattices.
Acquiring an Efficient Warm‐CO2 Sorbent from Advanced Pyrolysis of Magnesium Oxalate
Authors: Li Yan Yan , Sun Xiao Dan , Dong Xin Yu Ming , Wang Ying , Zhu Jian Hua 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFor the first time, porous MgO with a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area over 200 m2 g−1 can be simply obtained from pyrolysis of common magnesium oxalate without any solvent or additive. The obtained porous MgO had a large surface area of 278.5 m2 g−1 and captured 30.8 mg g−1 of CO2 in the instantaneous adsorption at 473 K, comparable with many MgO‐based sorbents prepared through complex procedures. Use of a U‐pipe furnace along with the specific “throughout” sweeping mode of nitrogen carrier gas enable this efficient warm‐CO2 sorbent to be fabricated in a simple way. Factors including contacting modes between precursor salt and flowing gas, flow rate, type of gas and salt were carefully studied, and related to the pore structure and adsorption character of the MgO samples. Apart from the capability of trapping CO2 mixed with SO2 and NO at 473 K, the MgO sample showed a high ratio of exposed strong basic sites (70.5 %), which provides a useful solid strong base for control of CO2 in flue gas.
Capturing the Unconventional Metallofullerene M@C66 by Trifluoromethylation: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Xu Dan , Wang Zhiyong , Shinohara Hisanori 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe endohedral metallofullerenes M@C66 (M=rare‐earth metal) have a unique structure that violates the well‐known “isolated pentagon rule” of fullerene science. Although the synthesis of M@C66 has been achieved by using the arc discharge method, the solvent extraction and purification of M@C66 remain challenges because of their radical character and extremely high reactivity. In this paper, the possibility of capturing these missing metallofullerenes by exohedral functionalization of the C66 cage is demonstrated theoretically. Stable trifluoromethylated derivatives of Y@C66 are revealed by density functional theory calculations. Mono‐ or poly‐trifluoromethylation of Y@C66 results in a closed‐shell electronic configuration and a large band gap. Thus Y@C66 can be greatly stabilized through trifluoromethylation. The trifluoromethyl group prefers to be attached to the fused pentagon region to relieve local steric strain. The mechanism of isomerization of Y@C66(CF3)3 is also investigated and it is found that the attached trifluoromethyl group can migrate from a carbon atom to another via a transition state.
Synthesis of Renewable Lubricant Alkanes from Biomass‐Derived Platform Chemicals
Authors: Gu Mengyuan , Xia Qineng , Liu Xiaohui , Guo Yong , Wang Yanqin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe catalytic synthesis of liquid alkanes from renewable biomass has received tremendous attention in recent years. However, bio‐based platform chemicals have not to date been exploited for the synthesis of highly branched lubricant alkanes, which are currently produced by hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of long‐chain n‐paraffins. A selective catalytic synthetic route has been developed for the production of highly branched C23 alkanes as lubricant base oil components from biomass‐derived furfural and acetone through a sequential four‐step process, including aldol condensation of furfural with acetone to produce a C13 double adduct, selective hydrogenation of the adduct to a C13 ketone, followed by a second condensation of the C13 ketone with furfural to generate a C23 aldol adduct, and finally hydrodeoxygenation to give highly branched C23 alkanes in 50.6 % overall yield from furfural. This work opens a general strategy for the synthesis of high‐quality lubricant alkanes from renewable biomass.
Comparative analysis of diagnostic adequacy rate between aspiration and nonaspiration techniques of fine‐needle cytology in patients with thyroid cancer and ultrasonographically suspicious cervical lymph nodes
Authors: Aydin Cevdet , Dellal Fatma Dilek , Tam Abbas Ali , Ogmen Berna , Kilicarslan Aydan , Topaloglu Oya , Ersoy Reyhan , Cakir Bekir 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundWe aimed to compare nonaspiration (NAS) and aspiration (AS) techniques in the evaluation of fine‐needle cytology of lymph node (FNC‐LN) in terms of diagnostic adequacy of cytologic material.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐three superficial cervical LNs in 75 patients who underwent NAS and AS‐FNC‐LN in the same visit were evaluated. Cytological results were categorized as diagnostic and nondiagnostic.ResultsThe rates of malignancy were 13.8% in AS versus 16.3% in NAS technique, whereas nondiagnostic cytology was detected in 43.1% and 25.2%, respectively (P = .549 and P < .01).ConclusionsThe diagnostic adequacy rate in NAS‐FNC‐LN was significantly higher than AS‐FNC‐LN. However, NAS technique seems to be more simple and comfortable. We suggest both NAS and AS‐FNC‐LN in cytologic evaluation of suspicious cervical LNs until the diagnostic accuracy is determined with prospective studies.