bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Language Attrition Induces Changes in Online Morphosyntactic Processing and Re‐Analysis: An ERP Study of Number Agreement in Complex Italian Sentences
Authors: Kasparian Kristina , Vespignani Francesco , Steinhauer Karsten 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFirst language (L1) attrition in adulthood offers new insight on neuroplasticity and the role of language experience in shaping neurocognitive responses to language. Attriters are multilinguals for whom advancing L2 proficiency comes at the cost of the L1, as they experience a shift in exposure and dominance (e.g., due to immigration). To date, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying L1 attrition are largely unexplored. Using event‐related potentials (ERPs), we examined L1‐Italian grammatical processing in 24 attriters and 30 Italian native‐controls. We assessed whether (a) attriters differed from non‐attriting native speakers in their online detection and re‐analysis/repair of number agreement violations, and whether (b) differences in processing were modulated by L1‐proficiency. To test both local and non‐local agreement violations, we manipulated agreement between three inflected constituents and examined ERP responses on two of these (subject, verb, modifier). Our findings revealed group differences in amplitude, scalp distribution, and duration of LAN/N400 + P600 effects. We discuss these differences as reflecting influence of attriters’ L2‐English, as well as shallower online sentence repair processes than in non‐attriting native speakers. ERP responses were also predicted by L1‐Italian proficiency scores, with smaller N400/P600 amplitudes in lower proficiency individuals. Proficiency only modulated P600 amplitude between 650 and 900 ms, whereas the late P600 (beyond 900 ms) depended on group membership and amount of L1 exposure within attriters. Our study is the first to show qualitative and quantitative differences in ERP responses in attriters compared to non‐attriting native speakers. Our results also emphasize that proficiency predicts language processing profiles, even in native‐speakers, and that the P600 should not be considered a monolithic component.
Post‐glacial distribution of a Mongolian mayfly inferred from population genetic analysis
Authors: Sekiné Kazuki , Bayartogtokh Badamdorj , Bae Yeon Jae 
Published: November 2016

Summary

The polymitarcyid burrowing mayfly, Ephoron nigridorsum, adapts to extreme continental climate by undergoing egg diapause during the long and cold winter and rapid growth during the short and hot summer. We performed genetic analyses of the mitochondrial COI gene of E. nigridorsum from 10 local populations of the Selenge River basin in Mongolia to examine the historical population dynamics during the last glacial period.

We observed high overall genetic diversity and high intra‐population variation. However, we could find no geographic cluster of haplotypes and no correlation between genetic differentiation and geographic distance within the river basin.

The long‐chain haplotype network and multimodal mismatch distribution implied that the population size has remained constant for a long period of time. The Bayesian skyline plot indicated an expansion of the population size during cooling through the last glacial period and a stable population size from the post‐glacial period to the present day.

Our results suggest that the Selenge River basin provided a comparatively stable habitat for E. nigridorsum during the last glacial period when the decrease in mean air temperature in summer (1–7 °C colder) is smaller than that of winter temperature (7–15 °C colder) according to botanical records. The mayfly has been probably capable of adapting to a more extreme climate – i.e. with a larger temperature difference between winter and summer – during the last glacial period by undergoing egg diapause, as montane and arctic species of cold‐adapted aquatic insects have expanded their distributions and population sizes during this period.
Colony persistence in waterbirds is constrained by pond quality and land use
Authors: Francesiaz Charlotte , Guilbault Emy , Lebreton Jean‐Dominique , Trouvilliez Jacques , Besnard Aurélien 
Published: November 2016

Summary

The conservation of wetlands, many threatened by human activities, is paramount to sustaining global biodiversity. Yet the protection of targeted wetlands may not be sufficient to protect the species they host because some species may also be impacted by alterations to the surrounding landscape.

Some black‐headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus: Laridae) populations have experienced a sharp decline in population size and number of colonies. Here, we investigated the relative contributions of wetland and its surrounding landscape to two major determinants of population dynamics, i.e. habitat selection and reproductive success, using 37 years of monitoring data.

Our analyses revealed that large areas of cultivated land surrounding ponds and high vegetation cover of helophytes promote longer occupation of a pond by gull colonies, probably because they allow better reproductive success. We also found that both agricultural practices in surrounding landscapes and pond vegetation cover have sharply changed over the past 30 years in the study area, with an intensification of the former and a general decrease of the latter.

These alterations are likely to have led to the observed decrease in the number of breeding gulls. The decrease in helophyte cover may have reduced their ability to construct nests in vegetation that protects them against flooding, and agricultural intensification may have decreased food availability during the crucial period of reproduction.

Our study provides additional evidence, from long‐term changes in habitats and reproductive success, that in order to be effective, waterbird conservation plans should consider the terrestrial landscape surrounding wetlands, in addition to the quality of the wetland.
Challenging convention: the winter ecology of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a productive and stable environment
Authors: Kemp Paul S. , Vowles Andrew S. , Sotherton Nick , Roberts Dylan , Acreman Michael C. , Karageorgopoulos Perikles 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Understanding of the winter ecology of stream salmonids is biased by research conducted in northern temperate and boreal regions dominated by hard rock geology. Such systems are driven by highly dynamic surface‐flow regimes and tend to be physically diverse, nutrient poor and influenced by ice. This study investigated how the behaviour of brown trout, Salmo trutta, inhabiting a stable groundwater‐fed, productive and comparatively warm southern English chalk stream differs from that described for other systems, and how this is translated to performance, measured as growth.

Physical characteristics were mapped, and high‐resolution temperature data collected using a spatial array of data loggers installed throughout the study reach during the winter. A combination of passive integrated transponder and radio telemetry was used to monitor distribution, density, and movement of trout. Micro‐archival data storage tags inserted in some individuals provided information on temperature regimes experienced. Growth performance was calculated for recaptured fish.

Trout density was positively related to depth and there was no evidence that temperature influenced microhabitat selection. Three patterns of movement were observed. Over three‐quarters of tracked fish exhibited high site fidelity and tended to remain in a single focal position throughout the study. Fourteen per cent of trout exploited more than one distinct location, while the remainder were detected at multiple locations and showed no preference for any one.

Trout exhibited regular daily activity patterns and highly periodic local movements at dusk and dawn and tended to experience positive growth performance during periods that included winter.

This study challenges the conventional view of salmonid winter ecology, which is biased towards populations that inhabit hard rock surface‐flow dominated rivers that experience the influence of ice. Despite inhabiting a distinctly different winter habitat template than more commonly studied populations, trout occupying a hydrologically stable and productive chalk stream exhibited behaviours similar to those described for elsewhere, yet performed considerably better.
Capping carious exposures in adults: a randomized controlled trial investigating mineral trioxide aggregate versus calcium hydroxide
Authors: Kundzina R. , Stangvaltaite L. , Eriksen H. M. , Kerosuo E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this multicentre, parallel‐group randomized clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and a conventional calcium hydroxide liner (CH) as direct pulp capping materials in adult molars with carious pulpal exposure.MethodologySeventy adults aged 18–55 years were randomly allocated to two parallel arms: MTA (White ProRoot, Dentsply, Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA; n = 33) and CH (Dycal®, Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany; n = 37). The teeth were temporized for 1 week with glass–ionomer (Fuji IX, GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan) and then permanently restored with a composite resin. The subjects were followed up after 1 week and at six, 12, 24 and 36 months. The primary outcome was the survival of the capped pulps, and the secondary outcome was postoperative pain after 1 week. Survival was defined as a nonsymptomatic tooth that responded to sensibility testing and did not exhibit periapical changes on radiograph. At each check‐up, the pulp was tested for sensibility and a periapical radiograph was taken (excluding the radiographs taken at the 1‐week follow‐up). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and log‐rank test were used to assess the significant difference in the survival curves between groups. Chi‐square test was used to assess the association between the materials and preoperative and postoperative pain.ResultsAt 36 months, the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed a cumulative estimate rate of 85% for the MTA group and 52% for the CH group (P = 0.006). There was no significant association between the capping material and postoperative pain.ConclusionsMineral trioxide aggregate performed more effectively than a conventional CH liner as a direct pulp capping material in molars with carious pulpal exposure in adult patients. This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01224925.
Discovery and functional identification of fecundity‐related genes in the brown planthopper by large‐scale RNA interference
Authors: Qiu J. , He Y. , Zhang J. , Kang K. , Li T. , Zhang W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRecently, transcriptome and proteome data have increasingly been used to identify potential novel genes related to insect phenotypes. However, there are few studies reporting the large‐scale functional identification of such genes in insects. To identify novel genes related to fecundity in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, 115 genes were selected from the transcriptomic and proteomic data previously obtained from high‐ and low‐fecundity populations in our laboratory. The results of RNA interference (RNAi) feeding experiments showed that 91.21% of the genes were involved in the regulation of vitellogenin (Vg) expression and may influence BPH fecundity. After RNAi injection experiments, 12 annotated genes were confirmed as fecundity‐related genes and three novel genes were identified in the BPH. Finally, C‐terminal binding protein (CtBP) was shown to play an important role in BPH fecundity. Knockdown of CtBP not only led to lower survival, underdeveloped ovaries and fewer eggs laid but also resulted in a reduction in Vg protein expression. The novel gene resources gained from this study will be useful for constructing a Vg regulation network and may provide potential target genes for RNAi‐based pest control.
Characterization of piezoelectric ceramics using the burst/transient method with resonance and antiresonance analysis
Authors: Shekhani Husain , Scholehwar Timo , Hennig Eberhard , Uchino Kenji 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a comprehensive methodology for characterizing the high power resonance behavior of bulk piezoelectric ceramics using the burst method is described. In the burst method, the sample is electrically driven at its resonance frequency, and then either a short circuit or an open circuit condition is imposed, after which the vibration decays at the resonance or antiresonance frequency, respectively. This decay can be used to measure the quality factor in either of these conditions. The resulting current in the short circuit vibration condition is related to the vibration velocity through the “force factor.” The generated voltage in the open circuit vibration condition corresponds to the displacement by the “voltage factor.” The force factor and the voltage factor are related to material properties and physical dimensions of the sample. Using this method, the high power behavior of the permittivity, compliance, effective piezoelectric charge constant, electromechanical coupling factor, and material losses can be determined directly by measuring the resonance (short circuit) and antiresonance (open circuit) frequencies, their corresponding quality factors, the force factor A, and the voltage factor B. The experimental procedure to apply this method is described and demonstrated on commercially available hard and semi‐hard PZT materials of geometry.
Electrophoretic deposition of ZnO–CeO2 mixed oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Hasanpoor Meisam , Aliofkhazraei Mahmood , Hosseinali Massoud 
Published: November 2016

AbstractZnO–CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave combustion and deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The effect of using two different alcohols, ethanol and methanol, was investigated on EPD behavior and morphology of deposited film. Moreover, the effect of concentration of nanoparticles and applied voltage on the mass of deposit and the variation in the current density were investigated. With a change in the alcohol type, the surface morphology of deposition changed and some voids were observed on the deposition surface in ethanol. In all cases, with increasing concentration of nanoparticles in suspension, the number of developed cracks increased. Besides, a rise in voltage led to an increase in the number of cracks. The EPD processes in ethanol and methanol suspension were simulated over time using different zero boundary conditions. Hemi‐spherical morphology was seen for the nanoparticles deposited in ethanol. This kind of growth was simulated based on the changes in electrical field.
Laser shock processing of polycrystalline alumina ceramics
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhang Chenfei , Lu Yongfeng , Nastasi Michael , Cui Bai 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLaser shock processing (LSP) has been applied to polycrystalline α‐Al2O3 ceramics. X‐ray characterizations have revealed that LSP results in significant compressive residual stresses which can extend to a depth of more than 1.2 mm from the surface. The presence of compressive residual stresses improves the resistance of α‐Al2O3 ceramics to indentation cracking. Microstructural characterization suggests that the majority of α‐Al2O3 grains on the surface remains intact after LSP. However, damaged regions are occasionally present, which shows intergranular fractures and a limited plastic deformation in the vicinity of grain boundaries.
Near/mid‐infrared emission and energy transfer of Er/Tm‐Yb co‐doped β‐NaYF4 microcrystals
Authors: Xiao Quanlan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe well‐formed high quality β‐NaYF4:Er3+/Tm3+, Yb3+ microcrystals with near/mid‐infrared (NIR/MIR) emission are synthesized by the solvothermal method. Obvious 1.4 μm, 1.8 μm emissions, and 1.5 μm emission are observed in as‐prepared β‐NaYF4:Tm3+, Yb3+ and β‐NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ microcrystals, respectively. To obtain MIR emission, the as‐prepared β‐NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ microcrystals are heat‐treated at different temperature schedule and atmosphere, it demonstrates there is great effect on the morphology and crystal structure when heat‐treated at different temperature, while little effect under different heat‐treated atmosphere. Subsequently, after heat‐treatment at 575°C in air, owing to the efficient elimination of internal defects and partly surface hydroxyl/citrate groups, an obvious 2.7 μm MIR emission is successfully detected in heat‐treated β‐NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ microcrystals for the first time.
Can auscultatory blood pressure normative values be used for evaluation of oscillometric blood pressure in children?
Authors: Šuláková Terezie , Šuláková Astrida , Strnadel Jiří , Pavlíček Jan , Obermannová Barbora , Feber Janusz 
Published: November 2016

The aim of the study was to analyze whether auscultatory normative values (Fourth Task Force [4TF]) can be applied to blood pressure (BP) obtained by oscillometric devices. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of oscillometric office BP and ambulatory BP monitoring in 229 children (116 boys), median age 15.31 years. Office systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) values were converted into Z scores using 4TF and oscillometric (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescent [KiGGS]) reference values. There was good correlation between the two normative methods (r=0.9773 for SBP, r=0.9627 for DBP). Results from Bland‐Altman test revealed only minimal differences in Z scores between 4TF and KiGGS for SBP, but a significant proportional error for DBP. 4TF and KiGGS Z scores were equally predictive of ambulatory hypertension. In conclusion, auscultatory and oscillometric normative data are interchangeable for SBP but not for DBP.
Risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy following assisted reproductive technology: overview and meta‐analysis
Authors: Thomopoulos Costas , Salamalekis George , Kintis Konstantinos , Andrianopoulou Iliana , Michalopoulou Helena , Skalis George , Archontakis Stefanos , Argyri Ourania , Tsioufis Costas , Makris Thomas K. , Salamalekis Emmanuel 
Published: November 2016

The extent of the increased risk of pregnancy hypertensive disorders following assisted reproductive technology (ART) was investigated. PubMed and the Cochrane Collaboration Library were used as data sources to identify and select longitudinal cohorts comparing pregnancies following ART with spontaneously conceived pregnancies, between 1978 and June 2016. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of three outcomes, ie, gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE), and their sum (PHD), were calculated. Stratification of results by gestation order (singletons and nonsingletons) was pursued, but a separate “all orders” mixed stratification was considered. Sixty‐six longitudinal studies (7 038 029 pregnancies; 203 375 following any ART) were eligible. All outcomes independent of gestation order (“all orders”) were increased following any invasive ART: GH (+79% [95% CI, 24%–157%]) and PE (+75% [95% CI, 50%–103%]) to a greater extent, with smaller increases in PHD (+54% [95% CI, 39%–70%]). The risk of PHD following ART steadily increased independent of gestation order.
Genetic variants in telomere‐maintenance genes are associated with ovarian cancer risk and outcome
Authors: Sun Yuhui , Tao Wade , Huang Maosheng , Wu Xifeng , Gu Jian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMost ovarian cancer patients present at an advanced stage with poor prognosis. Telomeres play a critical role in protecting chromosomes stability. The associations of genetic variants in telomere maintenance genes and ovarian cancer risk and outcome are unclear. We genotyped 137 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in telomere‐maintenance genes in 417 ovarian cancer cases and 417 matched healthy controls to evaluate their associations with cancer risk, survival and therapeutic response. False discovery rate Q‐value was calculated to account for multiple testing. Eleven SNPs from two genes showed nominally significant associations with the risks of ovarian cancer. The most significant SNP was TEP1: rs2228026 with participants carrying at least one variant allele exhibiting a 3.28‐fold (95% CI: 1.72‐6.29; P < 0.001, Q = 0.028) increased ovarian cancer risk, which remained significant after multiple testing adjusting. There was also suggested evidence for the associations of SNPs with outcome, although none of the associations had a Q < 0.05. Seven SNPs from two genes showed associations with ovarian cancer survival (P < 0.05). The strongest association was found in TNKS gene (rs10093972, hazard ratio = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.20‐2.92; P = 0.006, Q = 0.076). Five SNPs from four genes showed suggestive associations with therapeutic response (P < 0.05). In a survival tree analysis, TEP1:rs10143407 was the primary factor contributing to overall survival. Unfavourable genotype analysis showed a cumulative effect of significant SNPs on ovarian cancer risk, survival and therapeutic response. Genetic variations in telomere‐maintenance genes may be associated with ovarian cancer risk and outcome.
The Framing of the Euro Crisis in German and Spanish Online News Media between 2010 and 2014: Does a Common European Public Discourse Emerge?
Authors: Kaiser Johannes , Kleinen‐von Königslöw Katharina 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn recent years, Europe has been facing the Euro crisis, questioning the whole process of European integration. However, scholars argue that this crisis also presents an opportunity for the Europeanization of national public spheres as public attention regarding Europe has increased. Therefore, this study examines the media discourse on the crisis and the possible convergence of the national public spheres of Germany and Spain. It investigates how the issue is framed and who participates in the discourse during the crisis between 2010 and 2014 in German and Spanish online quality newspapers. Based on a content analysis of 7,256 statements in 961 articles, frames were identified in a data‐driven approach. Results show that German and Spanish media have Europeanized their framing during the crisis and mainly support Europe's policy. This convergence has occurred despite a slight renationalization of discourse participants, indicating that Europeanization has been increasingly sustained by national actors.
Multivariate sexual selection on male tegmina in wild populations of sagebrush crickets, Cyphoderris strepitans (Orthoptera: Haglidae)
Authors: Ower G. D. , Hunt J. , Sakaluk S. K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlthough the strength and form of sexual selection on song in male crickets have been studied extensively, few studies have examined selection on the morphological structures that underlie variation in males’ song, particularly in wild populations. Geometric morphometric techniques were used to measure sexual selection on the shape, size and symmetry of both top and bottom tegmina in wild populations of sagebrush crickets, a species in which nuptial feeding by females imposes an unambiguous phenotypic marker on males. The size of the tegmina negatively covaried with song dominant frequency and positively covaried with song pulse duration. Sexual selection was more intense on the bottom tegmen, conceivably because it interacts more freely with the subtegminal airspace, which may play a role in song amplification. An expanded coastal/subcostal region was one of the phenotypes strongly favoured by disruptive selection on the bottom tegmen, an adaptation that may form a more effective seal with the thorax to prevent noise cancellation. Directional selection also favoured increased symmetry in tegminal shape. Assuming more symmetrical males are better able to buffer against developmental noise, the song produced by these males may make them more attractive to females. Despite the strong stabilizing selection documented previously on the dominant frequency of the song, stabilizing selection on the resonator that regulates dominant frequency was surprisingly absent. Nonetheless, wing morphology had an important influence on song structure and appears to be subject to significant linear and nonlinear sexual selection through female mate choice.