bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscape of somatic mutations in sporadic GH-secreting pituitary adenomas
Authors: Ronchi Cristina L , Peverelli Erika , Herterich Sabine , Weigand Isabel , Mantovani Giovanna , Schwarzmayr Thomas , Sbiera Silviu , Allolio Bruno , Honegger Jürgen , Appenzeller Silke , Lania Andrea G , Reincke Martin , Calebiro Davide , Spada Anna , Buchfelder Michael , Flitsch Joerg , Strom Tim M , Fassnacht Martin 
Published: January 2016

ContextAlterations in the cAMP signaling pathway are common in hormonally active endocrine tumors. Somatic mutations atGNASare causative in 30–40% of GH-secreting adenomas. Recently, mutations affecting theUSP8andPRKACAgene have been reported in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas and cortisol-secreting adrenocortical adenomas respectively. However, the pathogenesis of many GH-secreting adenomas remains unclear.AimComprehensive genetic characterization of sporadic GH-secreting adenomas and identification of new driver mutations.DesignScreening for somatic mutations was performed in 67 GH-secreting adenomas by targeted sequencing forGNAS,PRKACA, andUSP8mutations (n=31) and next-generation exome sequencing (n=36).ResultsBy targeted sequencing, known activating mutations inGNASwere detected in five cases (16.1%), while no somatic mutations were observed in bothPRKACAandUSP8. Whole-exome sequencing identified 132 protein-altering somatic mutations in 31/36 tumors with a median of three mutations per sample (range: 1–13). The only recurrent mutations have been observed inGNAS(31.4% of cases). However, seven genes involved in cAMP signaling pathway were affected in 14 of 36 samples and eight samples harbored variants in genes involved in the calcium signaling or metabolism. At the enrichment analysis, several altered genes resulted to be associated with developmental processes. No significant correlation between genetic alterations and the clinical data was observed.ConclusionThis study provides a comprehensive analysis of somatic mutations in a large series of GH-secreting adenomas. No novel recurrent genetic alterations have been observed, but the data suggest that beside cAMP pathway, calcium signaling might be involved in the pathogenesis of these tumors.
A kiégési szindróma megelőzése — A hagyományoktól a modern információs technológiákig
Authors: Szényei Gábor András , Ádám Szilvia , Győrffy Zsuzsa , Túry Ferenc 
Published: January 2016

Háttér és célkitűzés
A kiégés a segítő foglalkozásúak gyakori szindrómája, mely az egyéni terheken túl az egészségügyi ellátó rendszer nehézségeihez vezet. Megelőzése alapvető fontosságú egyéni és szervezeti szinten egyaránt. Áttekintő tanulmányunkban a kiégés megelőzésének újabb módszereit összegezzük.

Módszer
Az utóbbi évtized irodalmi adatainak áttekintése. Elsősorban az újabb eljárásokat bemutató és hatékonyságot elemző kutatásokra támaszkodtunk (például az „e-mental health” terén végzett vizsgálatokra).

Eredmények
Az elsődleges, másodlagos és harmadlagos prevencióban gyakran alkalmaznak hagyományos módszereket (például relaxációkat, kognitív-viselkedésterápiás elemeket). Az újabb eljárások között említendők a stresszmenedzsment programjai, a mindfulness alkalmazása. A legmodernebb eszközök az új információs technológiák, amelyekkel egyre több prevenciós program él. Az új prevenciós stratégiák között ki kell emelni a prevenciós eszközök személyre szabott alkalmazását, valamint a szervezeti kultúra fejlesztését célzó programokat, amelyek egészségpolitikai lépések szükségességére is felhívják a figyelmet.

Következtetés
A kiégés megelőzése a munkalélektanban és a segítő foglalkozások terén lényeges feladat a szakemberek védelme és az ellátás minősége, valamint az egészségügyi gazdaságosság szempontjából. A prevenciót szolgáló programok hatékonysága jó, bár még kevés randomizált, kontrollált vizsgálat készült.
I Would Have Had More Success If: Student Reflections On Their Performance In Online And Blended Courses
Authors: Lewis G. Sherrie 
Published: January 2016

Anecdotal research is a common phenomenon in the study of distance education. In an effort to review some of the factors that affect student satisfaction, an existing instrument was used to gauge learner perceptions of online interaction/communication, learning and performance, collaboration, hardware and software issues and the quality of support. According to some authors, use of samples of convenience and small study populations, the conclusions drawn by Yu and Brandenburg (2006) could not be generalized across differing student populations. In an effort to create some generalizable conclusions regarding student perceptions, surveys contained some of Yu and Brandenburg’s (2006) inquiries on communication, interaction, perceptions of the instructor, course materials and the availability of student support services in online and blended courses. Questions on student demographic data were also included. The purpose of this study is to examine some of the ideas associated with existing distance education research. It was hypothesized that students would have had more success if 1) they had more time to interact with other students, 2) knew what the course expectations were prior to registration, c) they had access to a newer computer, and 4) they had administrative support.
The Effect of an In-shoe Orthotic Heel Lift on Loading of the Achilles Tendon During Shod Walking
Authors: Wulf Mathias , Wearing Scott C. , Hooper Sue L. , Bartold Simon , Reed Lloyd , Brauner Torsten 
Published: January 2016

Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Background Orthotic heel lifts are thought to lower tension in the Achilles tendon, but evidence for this effect is equivocal. Objective To investigate the effect of a 12-mm, in-shoe orthotic heel lift on Achilles tendon loading during shod walking using transmission-mode ultrasonography. Methods The propagation speed of ultrasound, which is governed by the elastic modulus and density of tendon and proportional to the tensile load to which it is exposed, was measured in the right Achilles tendon of 12 recreationally active men during shod treadmill walking at matched speeds (3.4 ± 0.7 km/h), with and without addition of a heel lift. Vertical ground reaction force and spatiotemporal gait parameters were simultaneously recorded. Data were acquired at 100 Hz during 10 seconds of steady-state walking. Statistical comparisons were made using paired t tests (α = .05). Results Ultrasound transmission speed in the Achilles tendon was characterized by 2 maxima (P1, P2) and minima (M1, M2) during walking. Addition of a heel lift to footwear resulted in a 2% increase and 2% decrease in the first vertical ground reaction force peak and the local minimum, respectively (P<.05). Ultrasonic velocity in the Achilles tendon (P1, P2, M2) was significantly lower with the addition of an orthotic heel lift (P<.05). Conclusion Peak ultrasound transmission speed in the Achilles tendon was lower with the addition of a 12-mm orthotic heel lift, indicating that the heel lift reduced tensile load in the Achilles tendon, thereby counteracting the effect of footwear observed in previous studies. These findings support the addition of orthotic heel lifts to footwear in the rehabilitation of Achilles tendon disorders where management aims to lower tension within the tendon. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(2):79–86. Epub 11 Jan 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6030
Exercise and Cognitive Functioning in People With Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorders: A Controlled Laboratory Study
Authors: Ickmans Kelly , Meeus Mira , De Kooning Margot , De Backer Annabelle , Kooremans Daniëlle , Hubloue Ives , Schmitz Tom , Van Loo Michel , Nijs Jo 
Published: January 2016

Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Background In addition to persistent pain, people with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) commonly deal with cognitive dysfunctions. In healthy individuals, aerobic exercise has a positive effect on cognitive performance, and preliminary evidence in other chronic pain conditions reveals promising results as well. However, there is evidence that people with chronic WAD may show a worsening of the symptom complex following physical exertion. Objective To examine postexercise cognitive performance in people with chronic WAD. Methods People with chronic WAD (n = 27) and healthy, inactive, sex- and age-matched controls (n = 27) performed a single bout of an incremental submaximal cycling exercise. Before and after the exercise, participants completed 2 performance-based cognitive tests assessing selective and sustained attention, cognitive inhibition, and simple and choice reaction time. Results At baseline, people with chronic WAD displayed significantly lower scores on sustained attention and simple reaction time (P<.001), but not on selective attention, cognitive inhibition, and choice reaction time (P>.05), compared with healthy controls. Postexercise, both groups showed significantly improved selective attention and choice reaction time (chronic WAD, P = .001; control, P<.001), while simple reaction time significantly increased (P = .037) only in the control group. In both groups, no other significant changes in sustained attention, cognitive inhibition, pain, and fatigue were observed (P>.05). Conclusion In the short term, postexercise cognitive functioning, pain, and fatigue were not aggravated in people with chronic WAD. However, randomized controlled trials are required to study the longer-term and isolated effects of exercise on cognitive functioning. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(2):87–95. Epub 11 Jan 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6060
Division I College Football Concussion Rates Are Higher at Higher Altitudes
Authors: Lynall Robert C. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Parr Matthew S. , Hackney Anthony C. , Mihalik Jason P. 
Published: January 2016

Study Design Retrospective cohort. Background Participating in sports at high altitude may have a protective effect on the brain, according to research studies. Research using validated data-collection methods in a previously unexplored cohort may better estimate the association between concussion injury risk and altitude. Objectives To determine the association between concussion rates and altitude during college football games. Methods Athletic trainers from 21 Division I football programs provided exposure and injury data to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program (ISP) from the 2009–2010 to 2013–2014 academic years. The elevation of each stadium was determined. Concussion rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) were compared in 2 ways, based on the sample of stadium elevations: (1) median split (elevation higher than 178 m or lower than 178 m), and (2) quartile split. Rate ratios (RRs), rate differences, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. Results One hundred sixty-nine concussions were reported over 49 040 AEs (3.45/1000 AEs). Using the median split, the concussion rate above 178 m (RR = 4.18/1000 AEs) was 1.47 times the concussion rate below 178 m (RR = 2.84/1000 AEs; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.00; P = .01). The concussion rate at the highest altitude quartile (higher than 284 m; RR = 5.01/1000 AEs) was 1.67 times greater than the concussion rate at the lowest altitude quartile (lower than 43 m; RR = 3.00/1000 AEs; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.48; P = .01). Conclusion College football game concussion rates appear to increase at higher altitudes. The clinical significance of this relatively small increase is unknown. Future research should explore potential physiologic underpinnings associated with concussion risk at relatively higher and lower altitudes. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(2):96–103. Epub 11 Jan 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6315
Acrochordons and diabetes mellitus: A Case control study
Authors: Shrestha Pratistha , Poudyal Y , Rajbhandari S L 
Published: January 2016

Background: Acrochordons (Skin tags) are common benign skin tumors usually occurring on the neck and major flexors of older people. These range in size from 1 mm to 1cm in diameter and are skin colored or brownish. A possible association with diabetes mellitus has been suggested in previous studies, but the result is not conclusive. Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out the association of diabetes mellitus with acrochordons. Material and Methods: One hundred and two patients were selected for the study. Among them 51 (males-23 and females-28) with acrochordons were taken as cases and 51 with other dermatologic disease after matching age and sex were taken as controls. The patients were selected from OPD of Department of Dermatology and Venereology in Universal College of Medical Sciences - Teaching Hospital (UCMS-TH). Blood glucose level including both fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour post-glucose load were determined for both case and control and compared. Results: Patients with acrochordons had significantly higher frequency of diabetes than the control group (p<0.001). Total of 48.5% and 40% of patients with acrochordons having diabetes were obese and overweight respectively. Conclusion: There is an increased risk of diabetes mellitus in patients with acrochordons. With regard to the importance of early diagnosis of diabetes, it is recommended a high level of suspicion for diabetes mellitus in patients with acrochordons.NJDVL Vol. 13, No. 1, 2015 Page: 32-37
Star Path to a New World: Reappraising an Account of a Polynesian Voyage to the American Continent from an Environmental History Perspective
Authors: Clement Vincent 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

For the past two centuries, scholars from many fields have attempted to prove that Pacific Islanders reached the American continent in pre-Columbian times. Guided by DNA analysis and radiocarbon dating on items like chicken bones and sweet potatoes, recent scholarship has brought to light strong evidence to support this argument. This article contributes to this long-standing debate, focusing on the Hawaiian Song of Kualii. The most compelling feature of this particular narrative is its reference to a pre-contact voyage towards a distant land called
Kahiki
, which is allegedly located on the American continent. This study revisits the document to determine the plausibility of such a destination and to ascertain the geographic area where the explorers may have landed. After reconstructing the star path followed by the Hawaiian explorers and analysing the descriptions of the unknown land's environment, the article proves that Hawaiian explorers discovered a country vastly different from their tropical homeland. The cold climate, the unknown forest trees and the strange people inhabiting the land all appeared to them as if they belonged to another world. Comparing the key elements of the explorers' sea route to the Eastern Pacific and prevailing winds in the Late Holocene, this study concludes that the coast of Southern California was their most plausible destination.
Crisis and Opportunity: Environmental NGOs, Debt-for-Nature Swaps, and the Rise of 'People-Centred' Conservation
Authors: Macekura Stephen 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This article presents a history of the rise of 'people-centred' conservation in international environmental Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) during the global debt crisis of the early 1980s. In the mid-1980s, many NGOs embraced complicated financial arrangements called 'debt-for-nature swaps' to relieve the debt crisis and to promote environmental conservation in many developing nations. The swaps presented an opportunity for NGOs to promote environmental protection in the developing world in an era of crisis.
Yet the implementation of the swaps reveal the challenges major environmental NGOs faced in incorporating new ideas about indigenous participation into their policies. The swaps came just as many of the leading environmental NGOs embraced market-oriented solutions to conservation issues and also adopted 'people-oriented' conservation strategies. Conservationists had a troubled history with indigenous peoples, but this article reveals how, by the late 1970s, many NGOs came to view them as allies in conservation efforts. Yet NGOs struggled to reconcile their desire for indigenous participation with the institutional demands of the swaps. Two brief case studies of swaps in Bolivia and Madagascar show how institutional and political challenges undermined a successful implementation of this new participatory vision.
This article thus expands on scholarship of the relationship between environmentalists, native populations, and 'wilderness' ideology by showing how many leading environmental NGOs came to find a place for people in parks by the late twentieth century. It also highlights how the institutionalisation of the environmental movement into large NGOs both provided new opportunities to promote environmental protection and created constraints on individuals in implementing new ideas.
Past Management of Energy Demand: Promotion and Adoption of Electric Heating in Britain 1945-1964
Authors: Carlsson-Hyslop Anna 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Changes in energy use have been a key part of many dramatic social, economic and environmental changes during the twentieth century and before, making energy interesting to environmental historians. Today, policy makers seek reductions in energy use and carbon emissions to mitigate climate change through demand management policies that attempt to reduce usage or shift it in time away from peak demand. To understand the impact of such policies it is necessary to understand both how they were promoted and received. This article discusses electric heating in early post-war Britain, which was seen as a particularly problematic energy use, as electric fires were used at peak times. The Electricity Development Association (EDA) tried simultaneously to reduce undesirable peak demand while encouraging increased demand more generally. In the late 1940s it advertised against peak use of electric fires, whereas in the 1950s and 1960s it instead concentrated on promoting off-peak heating appliances, first under-floor heating and then block storage heaters. I will analyse how the London County Council and its tenants adopted and adapted electric underfloor heating, illustrating the complicated way demand is made and unmade. The paper concludes that, while demand management has been attempted by the electricity industry since well before the 1970s, these attempts only had a limited effect on the overall trend towards increasing demand, in part to do with how these promotions were adopted.
Intensive cycle ergometer training improves gait speed and endurance in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A comparison with treadmill training
Authors: Arcolin Ilaria , Pisano Fabrizio , Delconte Carmen , Godi Marco , Schieppati Marco , Mezzani Alessandro , Picco Daniele , Grasso Margherita , Nardone Antonio 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: Cycle ergometer training improves gait in the elderly, but its effect in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not completely known. Methods: Twenty-nine PD inpatients were randomized to treadmill ( n = 13, PD-T) or cycle ergometer ( n = 16, PD-C) training for 3 weeks, 1 hour/day. Outcome measures were distance travelled during the 6-min walking test (6MWT), spatio-temporal variables of gait assessed by baropodometry, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) duration, the balance score through the Mini-BESTest, and the score of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Results: Sex, age, body mass index, disease duration, Hoehn-Yahr staging, comorbidity and medication did not differ between groups. At end of training, ANCOVA showed significant improvement, of similar degree, in both groups for 6MWT, speed, step length and cadence of gait, TUG, Mini-BESTest and UPDRS. Conclusions: This pilot study shows that cycle ergometer training improves walking parameters and reduces clinical signs of PD, as much as treadmill training does. Gait velocity is accompanied by step lengthening, making the gait pattern close to that of healthy subjects. Cycle ergometer is a valid alternative to treadmill for improving gait in short term in patients with PD.
Sensory feedback – Dependent neural de-orchestration: The effect of altered sensory feedback on Musician’s Dystonia
Authors: Cheng F.P.-H. , Eddy M.-L. , Ruiz M. Herrojo , Großbach M. , Altenmüller E.O. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: Musician’s dystonia (MD) is a task-specific movement disorder related to extensive expert music performance training. Similar to other forms of focal dystonia, MD involves sensory deficits and abnormal patterns of sensorimotor integration. The present study investigated the impaired cortical sensorimotor network of pianists who suffer from MD by employing altered auditory and tactile feedback during scale playing with multichannel EEG. Methods: 9 healthy professional pianists and 9 professional pianists suffering from right hand MD participated in an experiment that required repeated scale playing on a MIDI piano under altered sensory feedback while EEG was measured. Results: The comparison of EEG data in healthy pianists and pianists suffering from MD revealed a higher degree of inter-regional phase synchronisation between the frontal and parietal regions and between the temporal and central regions in the patient group and in conditions that are relevant to the long-trained auditory-motor coupling (normal auditory feedback and complete deprivation of auditory feedback), but such abnormalities decreased in conditions with delayed auditory feedback and altered tactile feedback. Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that the impaired sensorimotor integration of MD patients is specific to the type of overtrained task that the patients were trained for and can be modified with altered sensory feedback.
Efficacy of cognitive intervention in stroke: A long road ahead
Authors: Paiva Sílvia , Magalhães Rosana , Alves Jorge , Sampaio Adriana 
Published: January 2016

Numerous studies have been conducted discussing the importance and effectiveness of cognitive interventions for stroke-related cognitive impairments. Definite conclusions, however, are yet to be established. An extensive literature and database search was executed to summarize the existing evidence from high-quality randomized clinical trials on the effects of cognitive intervention and feasibility of this approach in stroke patients. Out of 507 identified studies, after thorough inspection, only three randomized clinical trials, with low risk of bias, met the established criteria and were included in the following meta-analysis. No significant effects of cognitive intervention in any of the analyzed outcomes were observed with feasibility analyzes displaying high rates of completion and adherence. The following study suggests a lack of sufficient evidence to support or refute the efficacy of cognitive intervention in stroke patients. However, these results should be interpreted with caution. Additionally, serious efforts must be made to improve the quality of empirical studies in the field. In sum, the quality of methodological techniques in the field were inspected in hopes of contributing to further development of this therapeutic approach.