bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in zonal location of winter East Asian jet stream
Authors: Wu Sha , Sun Jianqi 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis study reveals that the winter East Asian jet stream (EAJS) shows a strong variability in its zonal location; this topic has received less attention compared with the EAJS intensity and meridional location variability in previous studies. We show that the mid‐to‐high latitude climate system is mainly responsible for the EAJS eastward shift and the tropical system is closely related with the EAJS westward shift. In the EAJS east‐located years, North Pacific Oscillation undergoes a positive phase, which can enhance the eastern part of the EAJS over the North Pacific, favouring the eastward shift of the EAJS. In the west‐located years, the tropical convection over the Indian Ocean is strong, which can strengthen the zonal angular momentum transport from the Tropics to subtropical westerly belt. Consequently, the western part of the EAJS enhances and the EAJS shifts westward. In addition, the east‐located EAJS is related to the intensified Aleutian Low and East Asian trough, and thus, Northeast China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan experience low temperatures. On the other hand, the west‐located EAJS is associated with the weakened mid‐Asian ridge and cold‐temperature advection over southern East Asia, and thus, regions from mid‐Asia southeastward to southern China experience cold temperatures. Therefore, the zonal location of the EAJS is a potentially good index of the northern or southern East Asian anomalous temperature pattern.
On the impact of gaps on trend detection in extreme streamflow time series
Authors: Slater Louise , Villarini Gabriele 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTStreamflow time series often contain gaps of varying length and location. However, the influence of these gaps on trend detection is poorly understood and cannot be estimated a priori in trend detection studies. We simulated the effects of varying gap size (1, 2, 5, and 10 years) and location (one quarter, one third, and half of the way) on the detection rate of significant monotonic trends in annual maxima and peaks‐over‐threshold, based on the most commonly‐used trend tests in time series of varying length (from 15 to 150 years) and trend magnitude (β1). Results show that, in comparison with the complete time series, the loss in trend detection rate tends to grow with (1) increasing gap size, (2) increasing gap distance from the middle of the time series, (3) decreasing β1 slope, and (4) decreasing time series length. Based on these findings, we provide objective recommendations and cautionary remarks for maximal gap allowance in trend detection in extreme streamflow time series.
Corn silage replacement with barley silage in dairy cows' diet does not change milk quality, cheese quality and yield
Authors: Migliorati Luciano , Boselli Leonardo , Pirlo Giacomo , Moschini Maurizio , Masoero Francesco 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDConsidering that water availability for agricultural needs is being restricted, an alternative to corn in animal nutrition should be explored in the Po Valley. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of either a partial (Trial I) or a total (Trial II) corn silage substitution with barley silage in dairy cows' diet on milk yield and composition, its coagulation properties, cheese yield and the sensorial profile of 16‐month‐aged Grana Padano cheese.RESULTSA partial or a total substitution of corn silage with barley silage had no effect on milk yield. Milk fat content in Trial I and milk urea content in both trials were higher with barley silage based diets than in corn silage based diets. No effects were observed concerning the lactodinamographic profile for milk aptitude to cheese‐making, cheese yield and its organoleptic traits between feed treatments in Trials I and II. In both trials, hardness, friability and solubility scores were generally lower than reference values, whereas deformability, elasticity and stickiness scores were generally higher than reference values.CONCLUSIONA partial or a total substitution of corn silage with barley silage in diets for dairy cows did not induce any negative effects on animal performance, nor on milk‐quality traits, cheese quality and yield. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Preliminary study of a novel transfection modality for in vivo siRNA delivery to vocal fold fibroblasts
Authors: Kraja Iv , Bing Renjie , Hiwatashi Nao , Rousseau Bernard , Nalband Danielle , Kirshenbaum Kent , Branski Ryan C. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveAn obstacle to clinical use of RNA‐based gene suppression is instability and inefficiency of current delivery modalities. Nanoparticle delivery likely holds great promise, but the kinetics and transfection conditions must be optimized prior to in vivo utility. We investigated a RNA nanoparticle complex incorporating a lipitoid transfection reagent in comparison to a commercially available reagent.Study DesignIn vitro.MethodsWe investigated which variables influence transfection efficiency of lipitoid oligomers and a commercially available reagent across species, in vitro. These variables included duration, dose, and number of administrations, as well as serum and media conditions. The target gene was Smad3, a signaling protein in the transforming growth factor‐β cascade implicated in fibroplasia in the vocal folds and other tissues.ResultsThe two reagents suppressed Smad3 mRNA for up to 96 hours; lipitoid performed favorably and comparably. Both compounds yielded 60% to 80% mRNA knockdown in rat, rabbit, and human vocal fold fibroblasts (P < 0.05 relative to control). Dose and number of administrations played a significant role in gene suppression (P < 0.05). Suppression was more dose‐sensitive with lipitoid. At a constant siRNA concentration, a 50% decrease in gene expression was observed in response to a five‐fold increase in lipitoid concentration. Increased number of administrations enhanced gene suppression, ∼45% decrease between one and four administrations. Neither serum nor media type altered efficiency.ConclusionLipitoid effectively knocked down Smad3 expression across multiple transfection conditions. These preliminary data are encouraging, and lipitoid warrants further investigation with the goal of clinical utility.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:E231–E237, 2017
Results May Vary: Overcoming Variability in Consumer Response to Advertising Music
Authors: Craton Lincoln G. , Lantos Geoffrey P. , Leventhal Richard C. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAlthough listening to music seems effortless, it actually involves many separate psychological mechanisms. This article describes and extends the multimechanism framework proposed by Juslin and colleagues, highlighting how the operation of psychological mechanisms leads to two general types of variability in consumer response to advertising music. First, the risk ofbetween‐consumer variability(individual differences) in musical response is moderate or high for most mechanisms, and it often depends on each individual's particular history of exposure to music (listening biography). Second,within‐consumer variabilityoccurs when different mechanisms have contrasting effects, so that an individual consumer's musical response is often mixed (e.g., guilty pleasures, bittersweet feelings, pleasurable sadness). Both types of variability can negatively impact advertising objectives (message reception, recall, acceptance, brand attitudes, etc.). The article offers preliminary suggestions for how marketers can use a multimechanism approach to successfully incorporate music in commercials and reduce the risk of unanticipated consumer responses. It ends with proposals for further research.
Molecular spectrum and differential diagnosis in patients referred with sporadic or autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Caparros‐Martin Jose A. , Aglan Mona S. , Temtamy Samia , Otaify Ghada A. , Valencia Maria , Nevado Julián , Vallespin Elena , Del Pozo Angela , Prior de Castro Carmen , Calatrava‐Ferreras Lucia , Gutierrez Pilar , Bueno Ana M. , Sagastizabal Belen , Guillen‐Navarro Encarna , Ballesta‐Martinez Maria , Gonzalez Vanesa , Basaran Sarenur Y. , Buyukoglan Ruksan , Sarikepe Bilge , Espinoza‐Valdez Cecilia , Cammarata‐Scalisi Francisco , Martinez‐Glez Victor , Heath Karen E. , Lapunzina Pablo , Ruiz‐Perez Victor L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous bone disorder characterized by recurrent fractures. Although most cases of OI have heterozygous mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2 and show autosomal dominant inheritance, during the last years there has been an explosion in the number of genes responsible for both recessive and dominant forms of this condition. Herein, we have analyzed a cohort of patients with OI, all offspring of unaffected parents, to determine the spectrum of variants accounting for these cases. Twenty patients had nonrelated parents and were sporadic, and 21 were born to consanguineous relationships.MethodsMutation analysis was performed using a next‐generation sequencing gene panel, homozygosity mapping, and whole exome sequencing (WES).ResultsPatients offspring of nonconsanguineous parents were mostly identified with COL1A1 or COL1A2 heterozygous changes, although there were also a few cases with IFITM5 and WNT1 heterozygous mutations. Only one sporadic patient was a compound heterozygote for two recessive mutations. Patients offspring of consanguineous parents showed homozygous changes in a variety of genes including CRTAP, FKBP10, LEPRE1, PLOD2, PPIB, SERPINF1, TMEM38B, and WNT1. In addition, two patients born to consanguineous parents were found to have de novo COL1A1 heterozygous mutations demonstrating that causative variants in the collagen I structural genes cannot be overlooked in affected children from consanguineous couples. Further to this, WES analysis in probands lacking mutations in OI genes revealed deleterious variants in SCN9A, NTRK1, and SLC2A2, which are associated with congenital indifference to pain (CIP) and Fanconi–Bickel syndrome (FBS).ConclusionThis work provides useful information for clinical and genetic diagnosis of OI patients with no positive family history of this disease. Our data also indicate that CIP and FBS are conditions to be considered in the differential diagnosis of OI and suggest a positive role of SCN9A and NTRK1 in bone development.
Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Epidemiology and therapeutic response in the national veterans affairs population
Authors: Abenroth Daniel C. , Smith A. Gordon , Greenlee John E. , Austin Sharon D. , Clardy Stacey L. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionOne nationwide study (The Netherlands) of Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) has been published. We report LEMS epidemiology and its therapeutic response in the United States Veterans Affairs (VA) population.MethodsMedical records for all active patients (12.5 million) in the VA health system were queried for relevant ICD‐9 codes for the period October 1, 1999 to September 30, 2013. Clinical, electrophysiologic, and serologic features were evaluated to confirm diagnosis; epidemiologic and treatment data were collected.ResultsPoint prevalence was estimated at 2.6 per 1,000,000 (confirmed cases) and 3.3 per 1,000,000 (combined confirmed and probable cases). Crude prevalence was similarly estimated at 9.2 and 10.9 per 1,000,000 respectively. A total of 18 of 48 (38%) patients received 3,4‐diaminopyridine (3,4‐DAP); 14 of 18 (78%) improved.ConclusionsThis investigation was a large North American epidemiologic study of LEMS. LEMS prevalence in the national VA population was found to be similar to previously published rates in other large international populations. Most patients experienced improvement with therapy, including a majority with 3,4‐DAP. Muscle Nerve 56: 421–426, 2017
Tetraparetic critically ill patients show electrophysiological signs of myopathy
Authors: Crone Clarissa 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionCritically ill patients often develop tetraparesis. It has been debated whether this is caused by neuropathy, myopathy, or both. The aim was to determine the incidence of myopathy and neuropathy in weak patients in the intensive care unit by performing several electrophysiological examinations, including quantitative electromyography (qEMG).MethodsForty‐nine patients referred for electrophysiological examination because of suspected critical illness‐related weakness underwent qEMG, nerve conduction studies, and direct muscle stimulation.ResultsThe qEMG showed signs of myopathy in 33 of 35 patients. Direct muscle stimulation was consistent with myopathy in 31 of 34 patients. Amplitudes of compound muscle action potentials were decreased in all patients. Four patients also had signs of sensory neuropathy, which could not be explained by preexisting medical conditions.ConclusionsWhen combined, the results are compatible with muscle dysfunction in all patients. This will help to direct future studies of the pathophysiology of this serious condition. Muscle Nerve 56: 433–440, 2017
Polynomial chaos‐based extended Padé expansion in structural dynamics
Authors: Jacquelin E. , Dessombz O. , Sinou J.‐J. , Adhikari S. , Friswell M. I. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe response of a random dynamical system is totally characterized by its probability density function (pdf). However, determining a pdf by a direct approach requires a high numerical cost; similarly, surrogate models such as direct polynomial chaos expansions are not generally efficient, especially around the eigenfrequencies of the dynamical system. In the present study, a new approach based on Padé approximants to obtain moments and pdf of the dynamic response in the frequency domain is proposed. A key difference between the direct polynomial chaos representation and the Padé representation is that the Padé approach has polynomials in both numerator and denominator. For frequency response functions, the denominator plays a vital role as it contains the information related to resonance frequencies, which are uncertain. A Galerkin approach in conjunction with polynomial chaos is proposed for the Padé approximation. Another physics‐based approach, utilizing polynomial chaos expansions of the random eigenmodes, is proposed and compared with the proposed Padé approach. It is shown that both methods give accurate results even if a very low degree of the polynomial expansion is used. The methods are demonstrated for two degree‐of‐freedom system with one and two uncertain parameters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a Predictive Model for Drug‐Related Problems in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Covert Kelly L. , Mardis Caitlin R. , Fleming James N. , Pilch Nicole A. , Meadows Holly B. , Mardis Benjamin A. , Mohan Prince , Posadas‐Salas Maria , Srinivas Titte , Taber David J. 
Published: December 2016

Study ObjectiveDrug‐related problems (DRPs) are associated with increased rates of infection, rejection, and graft loss in kidney transplant recipients. This study aimed to develop a model to predict which patients are at highest risk of DRPs to streamline pharmacists’ workflow in a chronic kidney transplant clinic.DesignProspective observational study.SettingChronic kidney transplant clinic at a large, tertiary care, academic hospital.PatientsTwo hundred thirty‐seven adults seen in the kidney transplant clinic between September 16, 2015, and November 30, 2015, who were at least 90 days posttransplantation at the time of their clinic visit.Measurements and Main ResultsProspective data detailing DRPs and a survey assessing baseline characteristics and patient‐related outcomes were used to generate a predictive model to identify patients at risk of having six or more DRPs; the cutoff of six DRPs provided a threshold for identifying a subset of high‐risk patients on whom the transplant pharmacists could focus their efforts. DRPs were categorized as nonadherence, overdosing or underdosing, duplication of therapy, preventable adverse drug reaction, missing medication, erroneous medication, conflicting provider information, undermonitoring or lack of monitoring, and wrong medication received. In total, 865 unique DRPs were identified, and the most common were erroneous medication, missing medication, and nonadherence, accounting for 38%, 21%, and 16% of the DRPs, respectively. A nine‐variable model with a sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 66.7% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.720) was developed to identify patients at risk of having six or more DRPs. The model included the following variables: age, Medicaid for prescription insurance, current employment status, medication affordability, difficulty or lack of difficulty obtaining medications from the pharmacy, negative impact of medications on quality of life, medication nonadherence, poor rating of current health status, and moderate or poor medication understanding.ConclusionThese results demonstrated that a straightforward, 5‐minute survey completed by renal transplant recipients prior to their clinic visit may be capable of effectively determining those at risk of having six or more DRPs, potentially allowing use as a screening tool for transplant pharmacists’ workflow prioritization. External validation is needed before this tool can be used in the outpatient setting.
Effect of acrylodan conjugation and forced oxidation on the structural integrity, conformational stability, and binding activity of a glucose binding protein SM4 used in a prototype continuous glucose monitor
Authors: Hickey John M. , Sahni Neha , Chaudhuri Rajoshi , D'Souza Ajit , Metters Andrew , Joshi Sangeeta B. , Russell Middaugh C. , Volkin David B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices offer diabetes patients a convenient approach to assist in controlling blood glucose levels. A prototype CGM has been developed that uses the emission profile of a polarity‐sensitive fluorophore (acrylodan) conjugated to a glucose/galactose‐binding protein (SM4‐AC) to measure the concentration of glucose in vivo. During development, a decrease in the devices signal intensity was observed in vivo over time, which was postulated to be result of oxidative degradation of SM4‐AC. A comprehensive physicochemical analysis of SM4‐AC was pursued to identify potential mechanisms of signal intensity loss in this CGM during in vitro forced oxidation studies. An assessment of the structural integrity and conformational stability of SM4‐AC indicated a relatively decreased polarity and lower tertiary structure stability compared to unconjugated protein (SM4). The stability and polarity of SM4‐AC was also altered in the presence of H2O2. Furthermore, a time‐dependent loss in the fluorescence signal of SM4‐AC was observed when incubated with H2O2. An LC‐MS peptide mapping analysis of these protein samples indicated that primarily two Met residues in SM4‐AC were susceptible to oxidation. When these two residues were genetically altered to an amino acid not prone to oxidation, the glucose binding ability of the protein was retained and no loss of acrylodan fluorescence was observed in the presence of H2O2. Genetic alteration of these two residues is proposed as an effective approach to increase the long‐term stability of SM4‐AC within this prototype CGM in vivo.
Ultrasound image based visual servoing for moving target ablation by high intensity focused ultrasound
Authors: Seo Joonho , Koizumi Norihiro , Mitsuishi Mamoru , Sugita Naohiko 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a promising technology for tumor treatment, a moving abdominal target is still a challenge in current HIFU systems. In particular, respiratory‐induced organ motion can reduce the treatment efficiency and negatively influence the treatment result. In this research, we present: (1) a methodology for integration of ultrasound (US) image based visual servoing in a HIFU system; and (2) the experimental results obtained using the developed system.Materials and methodsIn the visual servoing system, target motion is monitored by biplane US imaging and tracked in real time (40 Hz) by registration with a preoperative 3D model. The distance between the target and the current HIFU focal position is calculated in every US frame and a three‐axis robot physically compensates for differences. Because simultaneous HIFU irradiation disturbs US target imaging, a sophisticated interlacing strategy was constructed.ResultsIn the experiments, respiratory‐induced organ motion was simulated in a water tank with a linear actuator and kidney‐shaped phantom model. Motion compensation with HIFU irradiation was applied to the moving phantom model. Based on the experimental results, visual servoing exhibited a motion compensation accuracy of 1.7 mm (RMS) on average. Moreover, the integrated system could make a spherical HIFU‐ablated lesion in the desired position of the respiratory‐moving phantom model.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated the feasibility of our US image based visual servoing technique in a HIFU system for moving target treatment.
Behaviour of over‐reinforced high‐strength concrete beams confined with post‐tensioned steel straps – an experimental investigation
Authors: Ma Chau‐Khun , Awang Abdullah Zawawi , Garcia Reyes , Omar Wahid , Pilakoutas Kypros 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study examines the flexural behaviour of high‐strength concrete (HSC) beams confined using an innovative steel strapping tensioning technique (SSTT) able to provide active confinement. Twelve over‐reinforced HSC beams (fc = 50 or 80 MPa) were designed to fail prematurely by concrete crushing at mid‐span. The mid‐span region of eight such beams was confined externally using the SSTT with different steel strap confinement ratios, the aim of which was to delay concrete crushing. The test results are discussed in terms of the failure modes, load‐deflection response and the concrete and tensile reinforcement strains observed. Although the unconfined beams failed in a brittle manner with no post‐peak deflection, the steel straps were very effective at enhancing the post‐peak deformation of the SSTT‐confined beams by up to 126 %. Moreover, for the beams tested in this study, the use of the SSTT led to failures after yielding of the tensile reinforcement. The proposed SSTT can be used to confine HSC elements where ductility is required.
Photoactivatable Substrates: A Material‐Based Approach for Dissecting Cell Migration
Authors: Nakanishi Jun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPhotoactivatable substrates, which show changes in surface cell adhesiveness in response to photoirradiation, are promising platforms for cell manipulation with high spatiotemporal resolution. In addition to having applications in cell and tissue engineering, these materials are unique tools for basic biological sciences research, and they complement conventional genetic engineering technologies. One of the most useful applications is in the study of cell migration, which occurs in various physiological and pathological processes. In this personal account, I provide a brief overview of the development of photoactivatable substrates and their applications, highlighting in particular the contributions of our research group to collective cell migration studies. This material‐based approach is useful for dissecting the molecular biological and mechanobiological aspects of the regulatory mechanisms in the cellular social activities.