bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Review: Is anxiety associated with negative interpretations of ambiguity in children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Stuijfzand Suzannah , Creswell Cathy , Field Andy P. , Pearcey Samantha , Dodd Helen 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundThe tendency to interpret ambiguity as threat (negative interpretation) has been implicated in cognitive models of anxiety. A significant body of research has examined the association between anxiety and negative interpretation, and reviews suggest there is a robust positive association in adults. However, evidence with children and adolescents has been inconsistent. This study aimed to provide a systematic quantitative assessment of the association between anxiety and negative interpretation in children and adolescents.MethodFollowing systematic searches and screening for eligibility, 345 effects sizes from 77 studies were meta‐analysed.ResultsOverall a medium positive association was found between anxiety and negative interpretation in children and adolescents ( = .62). Two variables significantly moderated this effect. Specifically, the association increased in strength with increasing age and when the content of ambiguous scenarios matched the anxiety subtype under investigation.ConclusionsResults extend findings from adult literature by demonstrating an association in children and adolescents with evidence for content specificity in the association. Age effects imply a role for development. Results raise considerations for when and for whom clinical treatments for anxiety focusing on interpretation bias are appropriate. The vast majority of studies included in the review have used correlational designs and there are a limited number of studies with young children. The results should be considered with these limitations in mind.
Sugar degradation process of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit was developed with microbial biotransformation
Authors: Li Qian , Chen Zhihui , Yu Yuanshan , Zou Yuxiao , Liao Sentai , Hu Tenggen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDue to the high sugar content, fresh mulberry fruit was limited to the wide application in diet supplement designs for managing diabetes. Three kinds of microbial fermentation methods (lactobacillus, yeast aerobic, and yeast anaerobic fermentation) were compared to analysis the sugar reducing process of mulberry pulp in the present study. Based on the determination of nutrition and function bioactive components during the sugar reducing process, the evaluation models of principal component analysis were established to select the best method. The results showed that among the three kinds of fermentation methods, the optimum fermentation condition was selected for 96 hr by lactobacillus, with a degradation rate of 86.49% for fructose and 66.12% for glucose. During this process, lactic acid, and acetic acid were produced accordingly. The viable content of Leuconostoc mesenteroides was 818 lg CFU/ml at this point. The contents of C3G, C3R Pg3G and DNJ in mulberry pulp were 889.42, 857.16, 20.61, 27.92 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, the ORAC value was 45.07 µmol TE/ml and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity reached 44.2% after 96 hr of fermentation. In general, compared with yeast fermentation, lactobacillus fermentation had lower utilization rate of sugar but less degradation effect on functional ingredients in mulberry pulp. Yeast fermentation had higher sugar utilization rate and greater effect on functional ingredients.Practical applicationsThree microbial fermentation methods were compared to select the optimal process. The purpose was to consume sugar components and retain the original hypoglycemic functional factors in mulberry pulp as far as possible. The results will provide possible application in diet designs for managing diabetes.
Opiate Prescribing in Hospitalized Older Adults: Patterns and Outcomes
Authors: Maiti Sutapa , Sinvani Liron , Pisano Michele , Kozikowski Andrzej , Patel Vidhi , Akerman Meredith , Patel Karishma , Smilios Christopher , Nouryan Christian , Qiu Guang , Pekmezaris Renee , Wolf‐Klein Gisele 
Published: October 2017

Background/ObjectivesWhereas opiate prescribing patterns have been well described in outpatient and emergency department settings, they have been less defined in hospitalized older adults. The objective was to describe patterns of opiate prescribing and associated outcomes in hospitalized older adults.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care facility.ParticipantsHospitalized medical patients aged 65 and older (N = 9,245; mean age 80.3, 55.2% female, 72.3% white, 90.8% non‐Hispanic).MeasurementsOpiate exposure and duration of action, concurrent use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), adverse events, discharge disposition, length of stay (LOS), and 30‐day readmissions.ResultsThere was no difference in sex, race, ethnicity, or Charlson Comorbidity Index between opiate exposure groups. Participants who had never received opiates had a significantly shorter mean LOS than prior and new opiate users (5.2, 6.8, 7.7 days; P < .001) and were more likely to be discharged home (88.6%, 82.8%, 82.5%; P < .001) and significantly less likely to be readmitted within 30‐days (19.6%, 25.0%, 22.3%; P < .001). Participant who had never been exposed to opiates had a significantly shorter mean LOS than those receiving short‐ and long‐acting opiates (5.2, 7.3, 8.6 days; P < .001) and were more likely to be discharged home (88.6%, 82.6%, 82.4%; P < .001) and significantly less likely to be readmitted within 30‐days (19.6%, 27.7%, 28.9%; P < .001).ConclusionOpiate use is widespread during hospitalization and is associated with significant negative clinical outcomes and quality metrics. There is an urgent need to develop innovative pain management alternatives to opiate use.
Effects of oil content on the sensory, textural, and physical properties of pecan butter (Carya illinoinensis)
Authors: Wagener Emily A. , Kerr William L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt has been difficult to produce acceptable pecan butters as the high oil content results in a product that flows and separates too easily. The objective of this work was to create pecan butters with varying oil levels (50–70%) and determine which would give the most acceptable product. Consumers rated pecan butters with 55–60% oil the most acceptable, whether roasted or not. Acceptability varied most in terms of texture and spreadability, but not flavor. Under large deformation firmness varied from 51.8 g (70% oil) to 4,880 g (50%) oil, while “spreadability” ranged from 19.2 to 7748 (g/s). Samples with 70% oil had the lowest viscosity and were Newtonian. Pecan butters with 50–55% oil had high viscosity and were shear thinning. Yield stress decreased with oil content, ranging from 0.014 to 500 Pa. The storage modulus (G′) increased from ∼7 Pa for samples with 70% oil up to 260,000 Pa for those with 50% oil. In conjunction, tan δ decreased from 1 to 0.07, showing the products take on much more solid‐like behavior as oil is removed. In conclusion, the rheological properties of pecan butter were quite sensitive to the amount of oil in the product. Differences in acceptability were primarily due to “texture” and “spreadability,” suggesting there is a limited range of firmness and spreadability that consumers will deem acceptable.Practical applicationsThere has been considerable demand for butters and spreads made from a variety of culinary nuts. Pecans generally have too much oil (∼70%) to make a product with proper consistency and stability. In this study, some of the oil was removed to overcome this problem. It was found that pecan butter with 55–60% oil was most acceptable to consumers and with the level of firmness, yield stress, and spreadability most similar to commercial nut butters. The oil was relatively simple to remove from unroasted nuts, thus manufacturers could easily produce more acceptable pecan butter for the market.
Encapsulation of Bolbophorus damnificus (Digenea: Bolbophoridae) Metacercariae in Juvenile Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Is Linked to Delayed‐onset Mortality
Authors: Griffin Matt J. , Khoo Lester H. , Reichley Stephen R. , Ware Cynthia , Rosser Thomas G. , Alberson Neely R. , Woodyard Ethan T. , Pote Linda M. , Greenway Terrence E. , Tiwari Ambika , Mischke Charles C. , Wise David J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBolbophorus damnificus (Digenea: Bolbophoridae) causes significant economic losses in catfish aquaculture in the southeastern USA. To determine mortality trends associated with B. damnificus exposure, three separate disease challenges were conducted. The first challenge exposed channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, fingerlings (7–13 cm) to approximately 285 B. damnificus cercariae/L, while the second exposed fish to approximately 215 cercaria/L. Fish were monitored for morbidity and mortality for 28 d. In both studies, mortality first occurred 8 d postchallenge (PC) and peaked at 9 and 10 d PC, respectively. Mortality had subsided by 14 d PC, with only sporadic mortality occurring >15 d PC. Dead and moribund fish presented with lesions consistent with B. damnificus infection. A third challenge was performed to record histological changes associated with parasite development from initial exposure up to the cessation of mortality. Catfish (2–5 cm) were exposed as described above to a range covering 0, 35, 70, 100, 150, 175, and 215 cercariae/L. Each day, two fish were sampled from each treatment. Mortality trends were consistent with previous challenges. The mortality window coincided with parasite encapsulation, neovascularization, and development of the host‐derived cyst, suggesting that morbidity and mortality are linked to host pathophysiological changes in response to metacercariae encapsulation.
Butyrate promotes visceral hypersensitivity in an IBS‐like model via enteric glial cell‐derived nerve growth factor
Authors: Long X. , Li M. , Li L.‐X. , Sun Y.‐Y. , Zhang W.‐X. , Zhao D.‐Y. , Li Y.‐Q. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAltered visceral sensation is common in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and nerve growth factor (NGF) participates in visceral pain development. Sodium butyrate (NaB) could induce colonic hypersensitivity via peripheral up‐regulation of NGF in animals. Enteric glial cells (EGCs) appear to be an important source of NGF. Whether butyrate could induce visceral hypersensitivity via increased EGC‐derived NGF is still unknown.MethodsCRL‐2690 cells were used for transcriptome analyses after butyrate treatment. Rats received butyrate enemas to induce colonic hypersensitivity. Colorectal distention test was performed to assess visceral sensitivity. Immunofluorescence studies were used to evaluate the co‐expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and NGF or growth associated protein 43 in animal model. NGF expression in rat colon was also investigated. In vitro, CRL‐2690 cells were stimulated with NaB or trichostatin A (TSA). NGF or GFAP expression was also examined.Key ResultsTranscriptome analyses showed that butyrate induced marked changes of genes expression related to neurotrophic signaling pathways. NaB‐treated rats showed increased visceral sensitivity. An improved NGF expression level was observed in NaB‐treated rats. Meanwhile, a 2.1‐fold increase in co‐expression of GFAP and NGF was also determined in rats received NaB enemas. In cultured cells, both NaB and TSA treatment could cause obvious NGF expression. Thus, butyrate might regulate EGC function via histone deacetylase inhibition.Conclusions & InferencesButyrate‐EGC interplay may play a pivotal role in regulation of NGF expression and the development of colonic hypersensitivity in IBS‐like animal model.
A case report of Parry Romberg Syndrome initially presenting as periodontitis
Authors: Taylor G. , Culshaw S. , Armas J. , Savarrio L. , Goodall C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractParry Romberg Syndrome (PRS) is a rare disorder of progressive hemifacial atrophy, involving soft tissues, fat and occasionally bone. It can co‐exist with presentations of Morphea. We describe an unusual case of persistent periodontal and alveolar destruction associated with PRS. A 56‐year‐old African female initially presented with persistent periodontal destruction, which showed minimal response to conventional periodontal treatment. After non‐surgical treatment, surgical debridement followed by extraction of the two right maxillary incisor teeth was required to halt the periodontal destruction. Atrophy was not limited to the periodontal tissues. Multidisciplinary care and extensive investigations were required to diagnose PRS. Once the PRS has stabilised, adipose tissue transplants will be required to improve the facial appearance. We highlight the need for extensive investigations and a multidisciplinary approach to diagnose rare systemic causes for recalcitrant periodontal disease.
CRISPR is knocking on barn door
Authors: Lamas‐Toranzo I , Guerrero‐Sánchez J , Miralles‐Bover H , Alegre‐Cid G , Pericuesta E , Bermejo‐Álvarez P 
Published: October 2017

ContentsGenome modification at specific loci in livestock species was only achievable by performing homologous recombination in somatic cells followed by somatic cell nuclear transfer. The difficulty and inefficiency of this method have slowed down the multiple applications of genome modification in farm animals. The discovery of site‐specific endonucleases has provided a different and more direct route for targeted mutagenesis, as these enzymes allow the ablation (KO) or insertion (KI) of specific genomic sequences on a single step, directly applied to zygotes. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), the last site‐specific endonuclease to be developed, is a RNA‐guided endonuclease, easy to engineer and direct to a given target site. This technology has been successfully applied to rabbits, swine, goats, sheep and cattle, situating genome editing in livestock species at an attainable distance, thereby empowering scientist to develop a myriad of applications. Genetically modified livestock animals can be used as biomodels to study human or livestock physiology and disease, as bioreactors to produce complex proteins, or as organ donors for transplantation. Specifically on livestock production, genome editing in farm animals may serve to improve productive genetic traits, to improve various animal products, to confer resistance to diseases or to minimize the environmental impact on farming. In this review, we provide an overview of the current methods for site‐specific genome modification in livestock species, discuss potential and already developed applications of genome edition in farm animals and debate about the possibilities for approval of products derived from gene‐edited animals for human consumption.
Effect of heat stress during in vitro maturation on developmental competence of vitrified bovine oocytes
Authors: Vendrell‐Flotats M , Arcarons N , Barau E , López‐Béjar M , Mogas T 
Published: October 2017

ContentsHeat‐shock protein 70 (HSP70) plays a crucial role as intracellular cytoprotectant and molecular chaperone. A phenomenon of heat stress (HS) leads to production of these proteins that could be beneficial to cells during cryopreservation, which is also a stressful process for the cell. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of exposure of bovine oocytes to moderate HS during in vitro maturation (IVM) prior vitrification. First, oocytes were subjected to HS (41.5°C for 1 hr) at 0, 4, 8, 12 or 16 of IVM. Oocytes in vitro matured for 20 hr served as control group. Presence of HSP70 was detected at 20 hr by immunofluorescence. HSP70 expression was significantly higher when oocytes were subjected to HS at 8 hr of IVM. Next, oocytes were distributed into four groups: Control: IVM oocytes; VIT: oocytes vitrified/warmed at 20 hr of IVM; HS: oocytes subjected to HS at 8 hr of IVM; HS‐VIT: oocytes subjected to HS at 8 hr of IVM and vitrified/warmed at 20 hr of IVM. Oocytes were fertilized at 24 hr of IVM, and cleavage and blastocyst yield were assessed. No significant differences were observed among treatments when cleavage rate was evaluated. However, fresh control and HS oocytes resulted in a significantly higher (p < .05) blastocyst rate when compared to VIT and HS‐VIT groups, although no significant differences within fresh or vitrified groups were observed. In conclusion, HS did not have a negative impact on the oocyte competence but HS applied before vitrification, offered no benefits for embryo development.
Effect of different extenders for donkey sperm vitrification in straws
Authors: Diaz‐Jimenez M , Pereira B , Ortiz I , Consuegra C , Partyka A , Dorado J , Hidalgo M 
Published: October 2017

ContentsAseptic vitrification of semen samples packed in straws has been successfully developed in human but not in donkeys. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two extenders for donkey sperm vitrification using straws. Ejaculates from four Andalusian donkeys were collected, and samples were extended in INRA‐96 (I) or Gent (G) supplemented with sucrose 0.25 M and 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Extended samples were cooled for one hour at 5°C. For vitrification, samples were filled in covered 0.25 ml straws and then plunged directly into liquid nitrogen. For warming, straws were immersed in INRA‐96 at 43°C. Results showed no significant differences between I and G treatments for TM (34.2% ± 8.7 vs. 30.7% ± 9.6) and PM (26.8% ± 7.3 vs. 24.6% ± 7.9), respectively. In conclusion, donkey sperm could be vitrified in straws either with INRA‐96 or with Gent in combination with sucrose and BSA.
Effects of the antimicrobial peptide protegrine 1 on sperm viability and bacterial load of boar seminal doses
Authors: Sancho S , Briz M , Yeste M , Bonet S , Bussalleu E 
Published: October 2017

ContentsThe presence of bacteria adversely affects boar sperm quality of seminal doses intended for artificial insemination. Currently, the most common measure to prevent bacteriospermia is the addition of antibiotics in semen extenders; however, mounting evidence shows that microbial resistance exists. A promising alternative to replace antibiotics are antimicrobial peptides. In this study, the effects of the antimicrobial peptide protegrine 1 (PG1) on the sperm viability and bacterial load of boar seminal doses were evaluated. Three different concentrations of PG1 (2.5, 25 and 100 μg/ml) were tested over a storing period of 10 days at 17°C. Sperm viability was analysed by fluorescence microscopy (SYBR14/propidium iodide), and bacterial load was assessed by plating 100 μl of each sample in Luria–Bertani medium and incubated at 37°C for 72 hr under aerobic conditions. Protegrine 1 was effective in controlling the bacterial load in all the assessed concentrations (p < .05), reaching the lowest values at the highest concentrations of the antimicrobial peptide. Nevertheless, sperm viability was significantly (p < .05) reduced by all tested concentrations of this peptide, the most cytotoxic effects being observed at the highest PG1 concentrations. Despite these results, the use of PG1 as an alternative to antibiotics cannot be totally discarded, as further studies using the truncated form of this peptide are needed.
The Schwarzian equation for completely replicable functions
Authors: El Basraoui Abdelkrim , McKay John 
Published: October 2017

We describe the Schwarzian equations for the 328 completely replicable functions with integral$q$-coefficients [Fordet al., ‘More on replicable functions’,Comm. Algebra22 (1994) no. 13, 5175–5193].
Nuclear Power Project Performance Management System Research Based on the KPIs
Authors: Zhao Wenzhao , Yu Hang , Tian Limin , Li Xiaobing , Yan Guangyi 
Published: October 2017

The foothold of this paper is the systematic mechanism of the performance management. Combining with the company’s current situation and requirements of the nuclear power project management, we build a scientific and effective performance management system of the nuclear power project which using the KPI method as the core. This system includes KPIs library development, performance management plan preparation, process control and supervision, performance evaluation, outcome feedback and application. We aim to improve the project management efficiency, and promote the standardization and systematization of the nuclear power project performance management.
This article has an important reference and guidance for nuclear power project management, and continuous improvement will be made to achieve the best practice in the nuclear industry.
Co-Verification Method of NPP Protection System Based on FPGA Platform and SCADE Model
Authors: Chen Ke , Xu Leilei , Zhou Zhende 
Published: October 2017

In recent years, the FPGA-based digital technology is being introduced to replace CPU-based digital platform in the NPPs because of its high reliability, security and easy maintainability. Thus the verification and validation of FPGA-based I&C system has aroused a great attention.
As most safety I&C systems are composed of four divisions, and perform 2-out-of-4 coincidence voting logic to actuate RT and ESFs. The 4 redundant portions are mostly the same. It is uneconomical and time-consuming to set up the full-size verification platform based on 4 redundant channels. In this paper, the co-verification method based on FPGA platform and SCADE model is proposed to efficiently verify the reactor protection logic.
Based on the co-verification platform, it shows the proposed co-verification method is applicable for functional verification. The proposed co-verification method can be used for the preliminary assessment and functional verification of the FPGA-based I&C system and provide a semi-hardware platform for the development of the safety I&C system based on the FPGA platform, which will facilitate the evaluation of FPGA technology in the NPP and accelerate the V&V process.
Operation Feasibility Study of Adding Fourth Main Feedwater Pump to CAP1000
Authors: Xiao Ke 
Published: October 2017

The standard design of CAP1000 Feedwater system configures 3×33.3% main feedwater pumps. In the operational transient “loss of one main feedwater pump”, the plant will ramp down the turbine load to 70% automatically and remain load balance by the two operational pumps.
The owners of CAP1000 submitted a claim for the fourth main feedwater pump so that the plant can maintain 100% turbine load throughout the transient “loss of one main feedwater pump”. The owners insisted that this design modification avoids partial-load operation and enhance the economic benefit.
In this paper, the trip risk of the addition of the fourth main feedwater pump is evaluated base on the transient analysis of “loss of one main feedwater pump”. And the solution of the fourth pump actuation plan which farthest decrease the reactor trip probability is presented. It is the most balanced plan between economy and feasibility.