bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant astrocyte Ca2+ signals “AxCa signals” exacerbate pathological alterations in an Alexander disease model
Authors: Saito Kozo , Shigetomi Eiji , Yasuda Rei , Sato Ryuichi , Nakano Masakazu , Tashiro Kei , Tanaka Kenji F. , Ikenaka Kazuhiro , Mikoshiba Katsuhiko , Mizuta Ikuko , Yoshida Tomokatsu , Nakagawa Masanori , Mizuno Toshiki , Koizumi Schuichi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlexander disease (AxD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by gain of function mutations in the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene. Accumulation of GFAP proteins and formation of Rosenthal fibers (RFs) in astrocytes are hallmarks of AxD. However, malfunction of astrocytes in the AxD brain is poorly understood. Here, we show aberrant Ca2+ responses in astrocytes as playing a causative role in AxD. Transcriptome analysis of astrocytes from a model of AxD showed age‐dependent upregulation of GFAP, several markers for neurotoxic reactive astrocytes, and downregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis molecules. In situ AxD model astrocytes produced aberrant extra‐large Ca2+ signals “AxCa signals”, which increased with age, correlated with GFAP upregulation, and were dependent on stored Ca2+. Inhibition of AxCa signals by deletion of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate type 2 receptors (IP3R2) ameliorated AxD pathogenesis. Taken together, AxCa signals in the model astrocytes would contribute to AxD pathogenesis.
Intraoperative cardiac arrest etiologies in head and neck surgery: A comprehensive review
Authors: Tarabanis Constantine , Abt Nicholas B. , Osborn Heather A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe etiologies of intraoperative cardiac arrest within otolaryngology are not well understood as they are rare events.MethodsA comprehensive review of the etiologies and corresponding pathophysiologic neural mechanisms of intraoperative cardiac arrest in otolaryngologic surgery are examined.ResultsThe occurrence of this rare complication has been described in a range of head and neck procedures, including but not limited to suspension laryngoscopy and oncologic resections in the neck, maxilla and thyroid. Three anatomically distinct pathways leading to intraoperative cardiac arrest are described: direct vagal stimulation, the trigeminocardiac reflex and the baroreceptor reflex. All three share the final common pathway of parasympathetic signaling to the sinoatrial node via the cardiac fibers of the vagus nerve.ConclusionWith a firm understanding of the mechanistic underpinning of this rare phenomenon, otolaryngologic surgeons can be better prepared for its occurrence.
The Emergence and Evolution of Organic Synthesis and Why It is Important to Sustain It as an Advancing Art and Science for Its Own Sake
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOrganic synthesis has been continuously evolving to higher levels of sophistication and into new domains ever since its emergence in the early part of the nineteenth century. Its impressive growth over the last two centuries parallels its enormous impact on science and society. Modern medicine, the dye industry, aromas and cosmetics, vitamins and nutritional goods, polymers and plastics, energy fuels and high‐tech materials are some of its direct benefits that shaped the world as we know it today. As an enabling science and technology organic synthesis has also impacted society indirectly by facilitating the birth and sustainability of other disciplines such as medicinal and process chemistry, chemical biology and biotechnology, physics and biology, and materials science and nanotechnology. It is, therefore, of paramount importance to champion and support the continuous advancement of the art and science of organic synthesis – both method development and total synthesis – for the magnitude of its impact on science and society is measured by its condition at any given time. As sharp as it is currently, its present state begs for more to be achieved in the future, for a comparison of its capabilities with those of Nature leaves us with awe for the latter and much to be desired for the former.
Urine test for HPV genotypes as a predictor of precancerous cervical lesions and for cervical cancer screening
Authors: Maged Ahmed M. , Saad Hany , Salah Emad , Meshaal Hadeer , AbdElbar Mostafa , Omran Eman , Eldaly Ashraf 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the sensitivity of a urine test for high‐risk HPV DNA genotypes in the detection of high‐grade squamous intra‐epithelial lesion (HSIL) and its correlation with pathologic precancerous lesions.MethodsThe present prospective cross‐sectional study included women referred to Kasr AlAiny Medical School, Cairo, Egypt, for cervical smear anomalies, a history of cervical smear anomalies, or for suspicious cervix between May 1, 2015, and April 30, 2017. Paired urine tests and cervical smears were performed. HPV DNA was detected in urine using polymerase chain reaction and cervical smears were performed with a cervical spatula and a cytobrush. Agreement between urine test results and pathology was examined.ResultsIn total, 1375 women were included. Urine test for high‐risk HPV DNA demonstrated 97.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 92.1%–99.7%) sensitivity and 100% (95% CI 99.7%–100.0%) specificity for HSIL. Overall, 87 women had a positive urine test for high‐risk HPV; of these, 82 (94.3%, 95% CI 87.1%–98.1%) had pathologic findings of cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia 2 or 3 (CIN2/3). Similarly, 89 women had HSIL cytology; again, 82 had CIN2/3 (92.1%; 95% CI, 84.3%–96.4%).ConclusionThere was good agreement between a positive urine test for high‐risk HPV DNA genotypes and pathologic findings of CIN2/3.
Enzymatic ethanolysis of fish oil for selective concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with flexible production of corresponding glycerides and ethyl esters
Authors: Yan Xin , Zhao Xuebing , Ma Gaojian , Dai Lingmei , Du Wei , Liu Dehua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDProducts with high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are now in high demand for health care and medicine. In this work, a novel lipase‐catalyzed ethanolysis of low‐grade fish oil was developed with combined use of two commercial free and immobilized lipases (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3), namely Novozyme NS81006 and 435, to flexibly produce fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and concentrated PUFAs.RESULTSIn a first step, most of the fatty acid glycerides (FAGCs) were converted to ethyl esters with conversion rate of 70–80% but only a minor part of docosahexaenoic fatty acids (DHAs) was converted (<20%). Using molecular distillation to evaporate FAEEs, the content of PUFAs in the resulting heavy phase, primarily as glycerides and secondarily as ethyl esters, increased from ∼18% of crude fish oil to 34%. A second ethanolysis step under the catalysis of Novozyme 435 was used to further convert the residual FAGCs, especially DHA glyceride, to ethyl esters with final conversion rates of 80–100%. PUFAs content was further enhanced to 41% in the form of PUFA ethyl esters after a second‐stage moleulcar distillation.CONCLUSIONSThis two‐step process combined the merits of free and immobilized lipases for ethanolysis of fish oil, achieving high conversion of PUFAs to corresponding ethyl esters with significant improvement of catalyst reusability in the second step. This process also provides flexible production of enriched PUFAs in the forms of glycerides or ethyl esters from low‐grade fish oil feedstocks. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Mathematical modelling of expanded bed adsorption – a perspective on in silico process design
Authors: Koppejan Victor , Ferreira Guilherme , Lin Dong‐Qiang , Ottens Marcel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExpanded bed adsorption (EBA) emerged in the early 1990s in an attempt to integrate the clarification, capture and initial product concentration/purification process. Several mathematical models have been put forward to describe its operation. However, none of the models developed specifically for EBA allows simultaneous prediction of bed hydrodynamics, mass transfer/adsorption and (unwanted) interactions and fouling. This currently limits the development and early optimization of EBA‐based separation processes. In multiphase reactor engineering, the use of multiphase computational fluid dynamics has been shown to improve fundamental understanding of fluidized beds. To advance EBA technology, a combination of particle, equipment and process scale models should be used. By employing a cascade of multiscale simulations, the various challenges EBA currently faces can be addressed. This allows for optimal design and selection of equipment, materials and process conditions, and reduces risks and development times of downstream processes involving EBA. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Differentiating crisis incidents: A replication study using the action systems model
Authors: Hempenstall Lisa , Hammond Sean 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCrisis incidents are volatile situations that can pose significant risk to those involved and to law enforcement. The idiosyncratic conditions that lead to such incidents, as well as their volatility, often militate against consistent explanatory models. However, the application of overarching paradigms, such as the action systems model, has shown some promise in imposing order in the domain. Recent research has successfully differentiated crisis incidents into the four distinct modes of the action systems model: conservative, adaptive, integrative, and expressive. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to replicate this recent study using 242 cases from the United States, Ireland, Canada, and Sweden. Data analysis involves smallest space analyses and constrained multidimensional scaling. Although the results supported the underlying structure of original proposed behavioural model, there are a few deviances. These differences along with the potential influence of cultural variations, offence variable selection, the type of incident, and the sample under scrutiny are discussed. It is evident that there remain several challenges, and further research is required, prior to developing a unified framework.
Frontiers and route‐ways from Europe: the Early Middle Palaeolithic of Britain
Authors: Ashton Nick , Harris Claire R. E. , Lewis Simon G. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTBritain has a rich and well‐documented earlier Palaeolithic record, which provides a unique resource to investigate population dynamics and the cultural and geographical links with north‐west Europe during the Middle Pleistocene. This paper examines a newly enhanced dataset for the distribution of finds locations and their geological context. Using artefact types as proxies for different populations it contrasts the Lower Palaeolithic and Early Middle Palaeolithic records. New methods are devised to mitigate for the clear bias towards handaxes in collection history. Taking account of this bias, the results suggest differences in distribution between Lower Palaeolithic and Early Middle Palaeolithic populations, with the latter more heavily concentrated in the lower reaches of large southern and eastern rivers. Drawing on recent studies on the palaeogeography of the Channel and southern North Sea Basin, the paper suggests that this restricted distribution reflects short‐lived occupation by small groups of early Neanderthals in late MIS 8, who eventually became locally extinct because of isolation caused by rising sea levels in the first warm sub‐stage of MIS 7.
Development and Evaluation of the Thinking About Recovery Scale: Measure of Parent Posttraumatic Cognitions Following Children's Exposure to Trauma
Authors: Schilpzand Elizabeth J. , Conroy Rowena , Anderson Vicki , Alisic Eva 
Published: January 2018

AbstractResearchers have recently suggested that parent posttraumatic appraisals potentially contribute to the development of posttraumatic stress in both parents and children following children's exposure to trauma. However, a single‐instrument, multidimensional measure of parent posttraumatic cognitions as they relate to their child's recovery has yet to be operationalized. This study described the development and evaluation of a parent‐report questionnaire of parent posttraumatic cognitions, designed to be used after a child's exposure to trauma. We generated an initial pool of items in reference to existing theories and subjected this list to an iterative process of item writing and revision. Items were subjected to expert review to maximize construct validity. The 33‐item Thinking About Recovery Scale (TARS), which measures three domains (My child has been permanently damaged; The world is dangerous for my child; Parents should always promote avoidance) demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .74‐88) and convergent validity (r 2 range = .08‐.40) when piloted in a sample of 116 parents of children who had been exposed to a serious accidental injury. The TARS augments the available literature by providing a brief measure of parent posttraumatic cognitions, an area which is currently understudied in childhood posttraumatic stress and could have broad clinical and research use.
Biomechanical properties of aquatic plants: The effect of test conditions
Authors: Łoboda A. M. , Przyborowski Ł. , Karpiński M. , Bialik R. J. , Nikora V. I. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFour aquatic plants (i.e.,Potamogeton pectinatusL.,Potamogeton crispusL.,Myriophyllum spicatumL., andCeratophyllum demersumL.) that commonly grow in European lowland rivers and lakes and exhibit a variety of morphologies and differences in the internal structures of their stem cross sections were selected to investigate the influence of initial conditions on biomechanical tests. A new method of sample testing in wet conditions is proposed and employed using a bench‐top testing machine. The obtained biomechanical characteristics, such as breaking strain, force, and stress; Young's modulus; flexural strain; flexural rigidity; and flexural modulus are presented and discussed. Even when fresh specimens were kept in water before testing in air, their biomechanical parameters were sensitive to fast drying. If the turgor pressure was not maintained in dry tests, specimen stiffness was not preserved and the measured biomechanical properties deviated from those observed in wet conditions. Approximately 43% of the three‐point bending tests and 20% of the tension tests showed significant differences between dry and wet conditions in all considered plant species. Bending tests for both conditions performed onP. pectinatusL. andP. crispusL. showed the highest differences in flexural rigidity values, reflecting the adaptation of these plants to changing hydraulic conditions. Stem resistance to tension forces in terms of Young's modulus was found to be different for wet and dry conditions only forP. pectinatusL. Overall, it was revealed that plants constantly submerged in water tend to be stiffer than plants exposed to dry conditions.
Pazopanib therapy for desmoid tumors in adolescent and young adult patients
Authors: Agresta Laura , Kim Hee , Turpin Brian K. , Nagarajan Rajaram , Plemmons Alexandra , Szabo Sara , Dasgupta Roshni , Sorger Joel I. , Pressey Joseph G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundDesmoid tumors/aggressive fibromatosis (DT/AF) lack a reliably effective medical therapy. Surgical resection may be morbid and does not preclude recurrence. Radiation may carry severe late effects, particularly detrimental in young patients. At our institution, we recently observed promising results with pazopanib therapy for DT/AF in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients.ProcedureRetrospective single‐institution chart review.ResultsSix DT/AF patients of 3–21 years with previously treated DT/AF received pazopanib; 31 DT/AF patients received established therapies only. In both groups, median age at diagnosis was 16 years, female patients comprised 50%, and most common DT/AF site was extremity. Established therapies showed few objective responses and most patients therefore received multiple therapies. Surgical resection had a 68% recurrence rate. Of eight patients who received vinblastine/methotrexate, only one had a partial response (PR) by RECIST 1.1 and five had stable disease (SD); 62.5% required additional therapy. Of seven patients who received sulindac/tamoxifen, none showed objective improvement. In contrast, pazopanib demonstrated best responses by RECIST of PR in two of seven and SD in six of seven tumors. A PR of 66% was observed in a patient who had failed multiple prior therapies. The mesenteric DT/AF also showed PR. Maximum volumetric decrease by T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was 97%. Dramatically increased fibrosis was seen on T2‐weighted MRI. Patients reported pain relief and improvement in function within 1 month. Except for one case of edema, all other toxicities responded to dose reduction without sacrificing objective treatment response.ConclusionPazopanib provides a promising, well‐tolerated therapy for DT/AF in the AYA population and warrants further study.
Addressing unmeasured confounding in comparative observational research
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Faries Douglas E. , Li Hu , Stamey James D. , Imbens Guido W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeObservational pharmacoepidemiological studies can provide valuable information on the effectiveness or safety of interventions in the real world, but one major challenge is the existence of unmeasured confounder(s). While many analytical methods have been developed for dealing with this challenge, they appear under‐utilized, perhaps due to the complexity and varied requirements for implementation. Thus, there is an unmet need to improve understanding the appropriate course of action to address unmeasured confounding under a variety of research scenarios.MethodsWe implemented a stepwise search strategy to find articles discussing the assessment of unmeasured confounding in electronic literature databases. Identified publications were reviewed and characterized by the applicable research settings and information requirements required for implementing each method. We further used this information to develop a best practice recommendation to help guide the selection of appropriate analytical methods for assessing the potential impact of unmeasured confounding.ResultsOver 100 papers were reviewed, and 15 methods were identified. We used a flowchart to illustrate the best practice recommendation which was driven by 2 critical components: (1) availability of information on the unmeasured confounders; and (2) goals of the unmeasured confounding assessment. Key factors for implementation of each method were summarized in a checklist to provide further assistance to researchers for implementing these methods.ConclusionWhen assessing comparative effectiveness or safety in observational research, the impact of unmeasured confounding should not be ignored. Instead, we suggest quantitatively evaluating the impact of unmeasured confounding and provided a best practice recommendation for selecting appropriate analytical methods.
Metastatic prostate cancer‐associated P62 inhibits autophagy flux and promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition by sustaining the level of HDAC6
Authors: Jiang Xianhan , Huang Yiqiao , Liang Xue , Jiang Funeng , He Yongzhong , Li Tian , Xu Guibin , Zhao Haibo , Yang Weiqing , Jiang Ganggang , Su Zhengming , Jiang Lingke , Liu Leyuan 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundP62 (also named sequestosome‐1, SQSTM1) is involved in autophagy regulation through multiple pathways. It interacts with autophagosomes‐associated LC3‐II and ubiquitinated protein aggregates to engulf the aggregates in autophagosomes, interacts with HDAC6 to inhibit its deacetylase activity to maintain the levels of acetylated α‐tubulin and stabilities of microtubules to enhance autophagosome trafficking, and regulates autophagy initiation and cell survival. We performed immunohistochemistry staining of P62 in prostate tissues from prostate cancer patients and found that levels of P62 in patients with prostate adenocarcinomas (PCA) are significantly higher than those in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). High levels of P62 predict high tumor grade and high intensity of metastasis.MethodsWe created prostate cancer cell lines stably overexpressing P62 and then suppress the expression of P62 in the cell line stably overexpressing P62 with CRISPR technology. Cell proliferation assay with crystal violet, cell migration assay, cell invasion assay, Western blot analysis, and confocal fluorescent microscopy were conducted to test the impact of altered levels of P62 on the growth, migration, invasion, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, autophagy flux, HDAC6 activity, and microtubular acetylation of cancer cells.ResultsP62 increased the levels of HDAC6 and reduced the acetylation of α‐tubulin and the stability of microtubules. Consequently, high levels of P62 caused a promotion of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in addition to an impairment of autophagy flux, and further led to an enhancement of proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells.ConclusionP62 promotes metastasis of PCA by sustaining the level of HDAC6 to inhibit autophagy and promote epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition.
Hydrophobic residues can identify native protein structures
Authors: Mirzaie Mehdi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEvaluation of protein structures needs a trustworthy potential function. Although several knowledge‐based potential functions exist, the impact of different types of amino acids in the scoring functions has not been studied yet. Previously, we have reported the importance of nonlocal interactions in scoring function (based on Delaunay tessellation) in discrimination of native structures. Then, we have questioned the structural impact of hydrophobic amino acids in protein fold recognition. Therefore, a Hydrophobic Reduced Model (HRM) was designed to reduce protein structure of FS (Full Structure) into RS (Reduced Structure). RS is considered as a reduced structure of only seven hydrophobic amino acids (L, V, F, I, A, W, Y) and all their interactions. The presented model was evaluated via four different performance metrics including the number of correctly identified natives, the Z‐score of the native energy, the RMSD of the minimum score, and the Pearson correlation coefficient between the energy and the model quality. Results indicated that only nonlocal interactions between hydrophobic amino acids could be sufficient and accurate enough for protein fold recognition. Interestingly, the results of HRM is significantly close to the model that considers all amino acids (20‐amino acid model) to discriminate the native structure of the proteins on eleven decoy sets. This indicates that the power of knowledge‐based potential functions in protein fold recognition is mostly due to hydrophobic interactions. Hence, we suggest combining a different well‐designed scoring function for non‐hydrophobic interactions with HRM to achieve better performance in fold recognition.