bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streptomycin treatment alters the intestinal microbiome, pulmonary T cell profile and airway hyperresponsiveness in a cystic fibrosis mouse model
Authors: Bazett Mark , Bergeron Marie-Eve , Haston Christina K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator deficient mouse models develop phenotypes of relevance to clinical cystic fibrosis (CF) including airway hyperresponsiveness, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and an altered intestinal microbiome. As dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has been recognized as an important contributor to many systemic diseases, herein we investigated whether altering the intestinal microbiome of BALB/c Cftrtm1UNC mice and wild-type littermates, through treatment with the antibiotic streptomycin, affects the CF lung, intestinal and bone disease. We demonstrate that streptomycin treatment reduced the intestinal bacterial overgrowth in Cftrtm1UNC mice and altered the intestinal microbiome similarly in Cftrtm1UNC and wild-type mice, principally by affecting Lactobacillus levels. Airway hyperresponsiveness of Cftrtm1UNC mice was ameliorated with streptomycin and correlated with Lactobacillus abundance in the intestine. Additionally, streptomycin treated Cftrtm1UNC and wild-type mice displayed an increased percentage of pulmonary and mesenteric lymph node Th17, CD8 + IL-17+ and CD8 + IFNγ+ lymphocytes, while the CF-specific increase in respiratory IL-17 producing γδ T cells was decreased in streptomycin treated Cftrtm1UNC mice. Bone disease and intestinal phenotypes were not affected by streptomycin treatment. The airway hyperresponsiveness and lymphocyte profile of BALB/c Cftrtm1UNC mice were affected by streptomycin treatment, revealing a potential intestinal microbiome influence on lung response in BALB/c Cftrtm1UNC mice.
The effect of surface wettability on water vapor condensation in nanoscale
Authors: Niu D. , Tang G. H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe effect of surface wettability on condensation heat transfer in a nanochannel is studied with the molecular dynamics simulations. Different from the conventional size, the results show that the filmwise mode leads to more efficient heat transfer than the dropwise mode, which is attributed to a lower interfacial thermal resistance between the hydrophilic surface and the condensed water compared with the hydrophobic case. The observed temperature jump at the solid-liquid surface confirms that the hydrophilic properties of the solid surface can suppress the interfacial thermal resistance and improve the condensation heat transfer performance effectively.
miR-133 regulates Evi1 expression in AML cells as a potential therapeutic target
Authors: Yamamoto Haruna , Lu Jun , Oba Shigeyoshi , Kawamata Toyotaka , Yoshimi Akihide , Kurosaki Natsumi , Yokoyama Kazuaki , Matsushita Hiromichi , Kurokawa Mineo , Tojo Arinobu , Ando Kiyoshi , Morishita Kazuhiro , Katagiri Koko , Kotani Ai 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Ecotropic viral integration site 1 (Evi1) is a zinc finger transcription factor, which is located on chromosome 3q26, over-expression in some acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Elevated Evi1 expression in AML is associated with unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, Evi1 is one of the strong candidate in molecular target therapy for the leukemia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, vital to many cell functions that negatively regulate gene expression by translation or inducing sequence-specific degradation of target mRNAs. As a novel biologics, miRNAs is a promising therapeutic target due to its low toxicity and low cost. We screened miRNAs which down-regulate Evi1. miR-133 was identified to directly bind to Evi1 to regulate it. miR-133 increases drug sensitivity specifically in Evi1 expressing leukemic cells, but not in Evi1-non-expressing cells The results suggest that miR-133 can be promising therapeutic target for the Evi1 dysregulated poor prognostic leukemia.
In vivo characterization of early-stage radiation skin injury in a mouse model by two-photon microscopy
Authors: Jang Won Hyuk , Shim Sehwan , Wang Taejun , Yoon Yeoreum , Jang Won-Suk , Myung Jae Kyung , Park Sunhoo , Kim Ki Hean 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIonizing radiation (IR) injury is tissue damage caused by high energy electromagnetic waves such as X-ray and gamma ray. Diagnosis and treatment of IR injury are difficult due to its characteristics of clinically latent post-irradiation periods and the following successive and unpredictable inflammatory bursts. Skin is one of the many sensitive organs to IR and bears local injury upon exposure. Early-stage diagnosis of IR skin injury is essential in order to maximize treatment efficiency and to prevent the aggravation of IR injury. In this study, early-stage changes of the IR injured skin at the cellular level were characterized in an in vivo mouse model by two-photon microscopy (TPM). Various IR doses were applied to the mouse hind limbs and the injured skin regions were imaged daily for 6 days after IR irradiation. Changes in the morphology and distribution of the epidermal cells and damage of the sebaceous glands were observed before clinical symptoms. These results showed that TPM is sensitive to early-stage changes of IR skin injury and may be useful for its diagnosis.
Exogenous avian leukosis virus-induced activation of the ERK/AP1 pathway is required for virus replication and correlates with virus-induced tumorigenesis
Authors: Dai Manman , Feng Min , Ye Yu , Wu Xiaochan , Liu Di , Liao Ming , Cao Weisheng 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA proteomics approach was used to reveal the up-regulated proteins involved in the targeted mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway in DF-1 cells after ALV subgroup J (ALV-J) infection. Next, we found that ALV-J CHN06 strain infection of DF-1 cells correlated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) activation, which was mainly induced within 15 min, a very early stage of infection and at a late infection stage, from 108 h to 132 h post-infection. Infection with other ALV subgroup (A/B) strains also triggered ERK/MAPK activation. Moreover, when activating ERK2, ALV subgroups A, B and J simultaneously induced the phosphorylation of c-Jun, an AP1 family member and p38 activation but had no obvious effect on JNK activation at either 15 min or 120 h. Interestingly, only PD98059 inhibited the ALV-induced c-Jun phosphorylation while SP600125 or SB203580 had no influence on c-Jun activation. Furthermore, the viral gp85 and gag proteins were found to contribute to ERK2/AP1 activation. Additionally, the specific ERK inhibitor, PD980509, significantly suppressed ALV replication, as evidenced by extremely low levels of ALV promoter activity and ALV-J protein expression. In vivo analysis of ERK2 activation in tumor cells derived from ALV-J-infected chicken demonstrated a strong correlation between ERK/MAPK activation and virus-associated tumorigenesis.
Two-phase quasi-equilibrium in β-type Ti-based bulk metallic glass composites
Authors: Zhang L. , Pauly S. , Tang M. Q. , Eckert J. , Zhang H. F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe microstructural evolution of cast Ti/Zr-based bulk metallic glass composites (BMGCs) containing β-Ti still remains ambiguous. This is why to date the strategies and alloys suitable for producing such BMGCs with precisely controllable volume fractions and crystallite sizes are still rather limited. In this work, a Ti-based BMGC containing β-Ti was developed in the Ti-Zr-Cu-Co-Be system. The glassy matrix of this BMGC possesses an exceptional glass-forming ability and as a consequence, the volume fractions as well as the composition of the β-Ti dendrites remain constant over a wide range of cooling rates. This finding can be explained in terms of a two-phase quasi-equilibrium between the supercooled liquid and β-Ti, which the system attains on cooling. The two-phase quasi-equilibrium allows predicting the crystalline and glassy volume fractions by means of the lever rule and we succeeded in reproducing these values by slight variations in the alloy composition at a fixed cooling rate. The two-phase quasi-equilibrium could be of critical importance for understanding and designing the microstructures of BMGCs containing the β-phase. Its implications on the nucleation and growth of the crystalline phase are elaborated.
Prognostic Significance of EZH2 Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xinhua , Zhao Hongqing , Lv Lei , Bao Liang , Wang Xun , Han Shuguang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractVarious studies examined the relationship between EZH2 overexpression with the clinical outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but yielded inconsistent results. Electronic databases updated to Dec 2014 were searched to find relevant studies. A meta-analysis was conducted with eligible studies which quantitatively evaluated the relationship between EZH2 overexpression and survival of patients with NSCLC Survival data were aggregated and quantitatively analyzed. We performed a meta-analysis of 10 studies (n = 1,695 patients) that evaluated the correlation between EZH2 overexpression and survival in patients with lung cancer. Combined hazard ratios suggested that EZH2 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis of overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.42–1.93) in patients with lung cancer. In the stratified analysis, significantly risks were found among Asians (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.62–1.70), lung adenocarcinoma patients (HR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.38–2.52, in stage I NSCLC patients (HR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.23–3.79), but not among Caucasians. EZH2 overexpression indicates a poor prognosis for patients with NSCLC, this effect appears also significant when the analysis is restricted in Asian population, lung AC and stage I patients, but not among Caucasians.
Flavone synthases from Lonicera japonica and L. macranthoides reveal differential flavone accumulation
Authors: Wu Jie , Wang Xiao-Chen , Liu Yang , Du Hui , Shu Qing-Yan , Su Shang , Wang Li-Jin , Li Shan-Shan , Wang Liang-Sheng 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFlavones are important secondary metabolites found in many plants. InLoniceraspecies, flavones contribute both physiological and pharmaceutical properties. However, flavone synthase (FNS), the key enzyme responsible for flavone biosynthesis, has not yet been characterized inLoniceraspecies. In this study,FNSIIgenes were identified fromLonicera japonicaThunb. andL. macranthoidesHand.-Mazz. In the presence of NADPH, the recombinant cytochrome P450 proteins encoded byLjFNSII-1.1,LjFNSII-2.1andLmFNSII-1.1converted eriodictyol, naringenin and liquiritigenin to the corresponding flavones directly. The different catalytic properties between LjFNSII-2.1 and LjFNSII-1.1 were caused by a single amino acid substitution at position 242 (glutamic acid to lysine). A methionine at position 206 and a leucine at position 381 contributed considerably to the high catalytic activity of LjFNSII-1.1. In addition, LjFNSII-1.1&2.1 and LmFNSII-1.1 also biosynthesize flavones that were further modified byO-glycosylation in transgenic tobacco. The expression levels of theFNSIIgenes were consistent with flavone accumulation patterns in flower buds. Our findings suggested that the weak catalytic activity of LmFNSII-1.1 and the relatively low expression ofLmFNSII-1.1in flowers might be responsible for the low levels of flavone accumulation in flower buds ofL. macranthoides.
Mechanism of 2,3-butanediol stereoisomers formation in a newly isolated Serratia sp. T241
Authors: Zhang Liaoyuan , Guo Zewang , Chen Jiebo , Xu Quanming , Lin Hui , Hu Kaihui , Guan Xiong , Shen Yaling 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSerratia sp. T241, a newly isolated xylose-utilizing strain, produced three 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) stereoisomers. In this study, three 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenases (BDH1-3) and one glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) involved in 2,3-BD isomers formation by Serratia sp. T241 were identified. In vitro conversion showed BDH1 and BDH2 could catalyzed (3S)-acetoin and (3R)-acetoin into (2S,3S)-2,3-BD and meso-2,3-BD, while BDH3 and GDH exhibited the activities from (3S)-acetoin and (3R)-acetoin to meso-2,3-BD and (2R,3R)-2,3-BD. Four encoding genes were assembled into E. coli with budA (acetolactate decarboxylase) and budB (acetolactate synthase), responsible for converting pyruvate into acetoin. E. coli expressing budAB-bdh1/2 produced meso-2,3-BD and (2S,3S)-2,3-BD. Correspondingly, (2R,3R)-2,3-BD and meso-2,3-BD were obtained by E. coli expressing budAB-bdh3/gdh. These results suggested four enzymes might contribute to 2,3-BD isomers formation. Mutants of four genes were developed in Serratia sp. T241. Δbdh1 led to reduced concentration of meso-2,3-BD and (2S,3S)-2,3-BD by 97.7% and 87.9%. (2R,3R)-2,3-BD with a loss of 73.3% was produced by Δbdh3. Enzyme activity assays showed the decrease of 98.4% and 22.4% by Δbdh1 and Δbdh3 compared with the wild strain. It suggested BDH1 and BDH3 played important roles in 2,3-BD formation, BDH2 and GDH have small effects on 2,3-BD production by Serratia sp. T241.
Contrasting effects of intralocus sexual conflict on sexually antagonistic coevolution
Authors: Pennell Tanya M. , de Haas Freek J. H. , Morrow Edward H. , van Doorn G. Sander 
Published: January 2016

SignificanceBiologists distinguish two forms of conflict between the sexes, recognized as separate drivers of rapid evolution and diversification. Sexual conflict manifests itself as a tug-of-war between selective forces acting on genes jointly expressed by males and females, allowing neither to maximize their fitness. It also appears in mating interactions, where males and females engage in evolutionary arms races to increase their reproductive success to the detriment of their partner. We model the plausible scenario that reproductive traits are involved in both types of conflict and show that their interaction can draw the sexes into perpetual cycles of escalation, alternated by phases of conflict resolution. This result sheds light on the maintenance of sexually antagonistic variation and the complex dynamics of male–female coevolution.
Identification of a mammalian glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase: Role in metabolism and signaling in pancreatic β-cells and hepatocytes
Authors: Mugabo Yves , Zhao Shangang , Seifried Annegrit , Gezzar Sari , Al-Mass Anfal , Zhang Dongwei , Lamontagne Julien , Attane Camille , Poursharifi Pegah , Iglesias José , Joly Erik , Peyot Marie-Line , Gohla Antje , Madiraju S. R. Murthy , Prentki Marc 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Glycerol-3-phosphate (Gro3P) lies at the crossroads of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in mammalian cells and is thought to participate in glycolysis or in gluconeogenesis, lipid synthesis, and Gro3P electron transfer shuttle to mitochondria. We now report a previously unidentified pathway of Gro3P metabolism in mammalian cells with the identification of Gro3P phosphatase (G3PP) that can directly hydrolyze Gro3P to glycerol. We observed that G3PP expression level controls glycolysis, lipogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, cellular redox, and mitochondrial energy metabolism in β-cells and hepatocytes, as well as glucose-induced insulin secretion and the response to metabolic stress in β-cells, and in gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes. G3PP is a previously unknown player in metabolic regulation and signaling and offers a potential target for cardiometabolic disorders.
Prolongevity hormone FGF21 protects against immune senescence by delaying age-related thymic involution
Authors: Youm Yun-Hee , Horvath Tamas L. , Mangelsdorf David J. , Kliewer Steven A. , Dixit Vishwa Deep 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Liver-derived metabolic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) improves insulin sensitivity and extends lifespan in mice. Aging also compromises the adaptive immune system by reducing T-cell production from the thymus. In this paper, we describe a new immunological function of FGF21 as a regulator of T-cell production from thymus in aging. The overexpression of FGF21 prevents thymic lipoatrophy, which protects the mice from age-induced loss of naïve T cells. FGF21 expression in thymic epithelial cells and signaling in thymic stromal cells support thymic function in aging. Loss of FGF21 in mice increases lethality postirradiation and delays the reconstitution of thymus. Hence, we highlight FGF21 as an immunometabolic regulator that can be harnessed to delay immune senescence.
Pedothem carbonates reveal anomalous North American atmospheric circulation 70,000–55,000 years ago
Authors: Oerter Erik J. , Sharp Warren D. , Oster Jessica L. , Ebeling Angela , Valley John W. , Kozdon Reinhard , Orland Ian J. , Hellstrom John , Woodhead Jon D. , Hergt Janet M. , Chadwick Oliver A. , Amundson Ronald 
Published: January 2016

Significance
We show for the first time, to our knowledge, that pedogenic (soil) carbonate mineral accumulations can preserve continuous paleoclimate records that rival the temporal resolution of widely used archives, such as speleothems or lake sediments. Using microanalysis of oxygen, carbon, and uranium isotopes coupled with uranium series dating, we find evidence for a distinct shift in atmospheric circulation in North America’s interior from 70,000 to 55,000 years ago, a finding that highlights the influence of large continental ice sheets on atmospheric circulation. Perhaps most significantly, this work shows that pedothems, which are common in arid and semiarid regions around the world, are a rich archive of paleoclimate information for continental landscapes.
Testing the kinship theory of intragenomic conflict in honey bees (
Apis mellifera
)
Authors: Galbraith David A. , Kocher Sarah D. , Glenn Tom , Albert Istvan , Hunt Greg J. , Strassmann Joan E. , Queller David C. , Grozinger Christina M. 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Strong support for the theory of kin selection can come from predicting outcomes under circumstances of within-family conflict. Genes inherited from mothers (matrigenes) and fathers (patrigenes) usually work harmoniously in the offspring. However, kin selection theory predicts these genes may be in conflict over interactions among relatives in which they are unequally represented (half-siblings). In honey bees, patrigenes are predicted to favor daughters that lay eggs themselves rather than remaining sterile and rearing their half-sisters' offspring. We tested this prediction, using crosses of distinct genetic stocks. Workers displayed the reproductive characteristics of their paternal genomes, patrigene expression was higher in reproductive tissues, and this patrigene bias increased in reproductive workers. These results provide strong empirical support for kin selection theory.
Hiding personal information reveals the worst
Authors: John Leslie K. , Barasz Kate , Norton Michael I. 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Disclosure is a critical element of social life, especially given Internet media that afford many opportunities (and demands from friends, partners, and even employers) to share personal information—making withholding anomalous, conspicuous, and therefore suspect. Seven experiments explore people’s decisions to withhold or disclose personal information—and the wisdom of such decisions. Declining a request to disclose often makes a worse impression even than divulging unsavory personal information. Moreover, those who withhold fail to intuit this negative consequence: people withhold even when they would make a better impression by “coming clean.” In short, people should be aware not just of the risk of revealing, but the risk of hiding.
Endogenous sources of variation in language acquisition
Authors: Han Chung-hye , Musolino Julien , Lidz Jeffrey 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Children are exposed to vast quantities of data exhibiting the key structural features of their language. Are these structural features acquired from the data or are they imposed on the data by learners? We identify a piece of grammatical knowledge that is systematic within an individual speaker but varies unpredictably across a population of speakers of ostensibly a single language. Further, parents’ knowledge in this domain does not predict children’s knowledge. The independence of parents’ and children’s knowledge indicates that the relevant grammatical structures are not acquired from experience, but are supplied by learners. This dissociation between the grammatical knowledge of children and their parents demonstrates that children actively construct grammatical knowledge from highly ambiguous evidence.
Attention promotes episodic encoding by stabilizing hippocampal representations
Authors: Aly Mariam , Turk-Browne Nicholas B. 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Why does the brain store memories of some things but not others? At a cognitive level, attention provides an explanation: What aspects of an experience we focus on determines what information is perceived and available for encoding. But the mechanism of how attention alters memory formation at the neural level is unknown. With high-resolution neuroimaging, we show that attention alters the state of a key brain structure for memory, the hippocampus, and that the extent to which this occurs predicts whether the attended information gets stored in memory. The dependence of hippocampal encoding on attentional states reveals the broad involvement of the hippocampus in multiple cognitive processes, and highlights that the workings of the hippocampus are under our control.
Systems biology of immunity to MF59-adjuvanted versus nonadjuvanted trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines in early childhood
Authors: Nakaya Helder I. , Clutterbuck Elizabeth , Kazmin Dmitri , Wang Lili , Cortese Mario , Bosinger Steven E. , Patel Nirav B. , Zak Daniel E. , Aderem Alan , Dong Tao , Del Giudice Giuseppe , Rappuoli Rino , Cerundolo Vincenzo , Pollard Andrew J. , Pulendran Bali , Siegrist Claire-Anne 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Vaccines are one of the most cost-effective public health tools in history and offer a means to probe the human immune system. Recent advances have applied the tools of systems biology to study immune responses to vaccination in humans. Here we describe the application of this “systems vaccinology” approach to studying immunity to vaccination of 14- to 24-mo-old children with the inactivated influenza vaccine, administered with or without the MF59 adjuvant. These results reveal important new insights about the dynamics of the innate and adaptive responses to vaccination in this population, and identify potential correlates of immunity to vaccination in children.
Purinergic receptor P2RY12-dependent microglial closure of the injured blood–brain barrier
Authors: Lou Nanhong , Takano Takahiro , Pei Yong , Xavier Anna L. , Goldman Steven A. , Nedergaard Maiken 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Brain endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes participate in maintenance of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Juxtavascular microglial cells are also an integral part of the neurovascular unit. We show here that, in response to capillary injury, microglial processes rapidly form a dense plexiform aggregate at the site of injury. Photoablation of microglial cells abolished closure of BBB leakage, whereas inhibition of P2RY12 (purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 12) receptors suppressed microglial process motility and prolonged BBB closure. Thus, microglial cells mediate rapid resealing of injury-induced leaks in BBB. These observations may have clinical importance as P2RY12 receptor antagonists are widely used as platelet inhibitors in patients with coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease at risk for stroke and its attendant disruption of the injured BBB.