bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Pyramids/Particles NiO/SnO2 Composite for Sorption and Separation of Molybdenum and Zirconium Ions from Some Synthetic Fission Products
Authors: Rizk Hoda E. , Rizk Soad E. , Labib Shiraz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPyramids/particles of NiO/SnO2 composite (NS7) was produced by applying the sol–gel autocombustion method. The produced composite was investigated using different techniques, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, ultraviolet–visible absorbance spectroscopy, and BET surface area then was applied for the adsorption and separation of molybdenum and zirconium ions from lanthanum, strontium, and cesium. 3D pyramids of NiO and particles of SnO2 are confirmed in the composite with a homogeneous mesoporous structure. The composite has good affinity for zirconium and molybdenum ions with fast kinetics and Qmax of 27.1 and 33.3 mg/g, respectively, low affinity for lanthanum, and negligible affinity for strontium and cesium. The sorption mechanism is physical sorption and endothermic in nature. The adsorbed Zr(IV), Mo(VI), and La(III) ions were separated using the desorption process as the following sequence: First, 95 ± 2% (14.3 ppm) of the loaded La was desorbed by washing with double distilled water. Then 96 ± 2% (41.3 ppm) of the loaded Zr was recovered by 1 M potassium chloride without interfering ions. Finally, 98 ± 2% (42.88 ppm) of Mo is desorbed by 1 M sodium acetate solution. The NS7 composite can be reused five times successfully.
Implicit-Explicit Schemes for Compressible Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes Equations
Authors: Mulet Pep 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe isentropic compressible Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes equations are a system of fourth-order partial differential equations that model the evolution of some binary fluids under convection. The purpose of this paper is the design of efficient numerical schemes to approximate the solution of initial-boundary value problems with these equations. The efficiency stems from the implicit treatment of the high-order terms in the equations. Our proposal is a second-order linearly implicit-explicit time stepping scheme applied in a method of lines approach, in which the convective terms are treated explicitly and only linear systems have to be solved. Some experiments are performed to assess the validity and efficiency of this proposal.
Normalizing flow sampling with Langevin dynamics in the latent space
Authors: Coeurdoux Florentin , Dobigeon Nicolas , Chainais Pierre 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNormalizing flows (NF) use a continuous generator to map a simple latent (e.g. Gaussian) distribution, towards an empirical target distribution associated with a training data set. Once trained by minimizing a variational objective, the learnt map provides an approximate generative model of the target distribution. Since standard NF implement differentiable maps, they may suffer from pathological behaviors when targeting complex distributions. For instance, such problems may appear for distributions on multi-component topologies or characterized by multiple modes with high probability regions separated by very unlikely areas. A typical symptom is the explosion of the Jacobian norm of the transformation in very low probability areas. This paper proposes to overcome this issue thanks to a new Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to sample from the target distribution in the latent domain before transporting it back to the target domain. The approach relies on a Metropolis adjusted Langevin algorithm whose dynamics explicitly exploits the Jacobian of the transformation. Contrary to alternative approaches, the proposed strategy preserves the tractability of the likelihood and it does not require a specific training. Notably, it can be straightforwardly used with any pre-trained NF network, regardless of the architecture. Experiments conducted on synthetic and high-dimensional real data sets illustrate the efficiency of the method.
Review bombing: ideology-driven polarisation in online ratings: The case study of The Last of Us (part II)
Authors: Cantone Giulio Giacomo , Tomaselli Venera , Mazzeo Valeria 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA review bomb is a surge in online reviews, coordinated by a group of people willing to manipulate public opinions. This is a study on a prominent case of review bombing (n = 51,120) of the video game The Last of Us Part II, challenging the assumption that review bombing should be framed solely as misinformation. The impact of fake reviews is substantially small. Ideology-driven ratings associated with a conservative ideology are followed by a grassroots counter-bombing from progressives, aimed at mitigating the effects of the negative ratings. These factions are very similar in other metrics. Preventive measures are proposed.
Characterizing High-Energy Solar Proton Events with Energies Below and Above 100 MeV
Authors: Ameri Dheyaa , Valtonen Eino , Al-Sawad Amjad , Vainio Rami 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe analyzed 58 high-energy proton events that occurred during the years 1996 – 2022. In 32 out of the 58 (55%) events, the proton energies extended up to $\sim 68$
∼
68
MeV but did not reach 100 MeV. In the remaining 26 events, the proton energies exceeded 100 MeV. We studied the differences in the characteristics of these proton events and their associations with solar and interplanetary phenomena to improve understanding proton sources and acceleration processes.The coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with $>100$
>
100
MeV proton events appeared to be, on average, more energetic than those associated with $< 100$
<
100
MeV proton events. The peak and integrated fluxes (fluence) of the soft X-ray (SXR) flares were higher in > 100 MeV proton events, but there was almost no difference in the rise times of the flares. In a major part of the $> 100$
>
100
MeV proton events, protons were released over the rise phase of the SXR flares, whereas in most of the $<100$
<
100
MeV events the proton releases occurred after the peak of the SXR flares. We established limits for the CME speed VCME and SXR peak flux Fpk or total fluence Fi, which helped us to distinguish the events in the two groups. Solar eruptions with VCME$> 1000$
>
1000
km s−1 and F$_{\mathrm{pk}} > 5 \cdot 10^{-5} $

>

pk

5
⋅

10

−
5

W m−2 had a high probability to produce proton events of $> 100$
>
100
MeV. On the other hand, eruptions with V$_{\mathrm{CME}} > 900$

>

CME

900
km s−1 and F$_{i} <5 \cdot 10^{-4} $

<

i

5
⋅

10

−
4

J m−2 and eruptions with V$_{ \mathrm{CME}} < 900$

<

CME

900
km s−1 irrespective of the SXR total fluence were very likely to produce proton events of $< 100$
<
100
MeV.All proton events were associated with decametric Type III radio bursts, and most of them had Type II bursts associations either in metric or decametric–hectometric (DH) wavelengths or both. Both metric- and DH-Type II emissions were observed in 50% of $<100$
<
100
MeV proton events while they were observed in 88% of $>100$
>
100
MeV events. Our analysis showed that protons in most of the $>100$
>
100
MeV events were released low in the corona ($\leq 3.0$
≤
3.0
R⊙) before the onsets of the DH-Type II radio bursts. Conversely, protons in most of the $<100$
<
100
MeV events were released higher in the corona ($>3$
>
3
R⊙) and after the DH-Type II onsets.We conclude that protons in most of the $> 100$
>
100
MeV events are accelerated either by the flare reconnection processes or by shocks low in the corona and could undergo reacceleration higher in the corona in CME shocks manifested in DH-Type II radio emission. In the $<100$
<
100
MeV events, protons are mainly accelerated in CME shocks at coronal heights $>3$
>
3
R⊙.
Monitoring of contamination by microplastics on sandy beaches at Vulcano Island (Sicily, Italy) by hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Cocozza Pietro , Serranti Silvia , Setini Andrea , Cucuzza Paola , Bonifazi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this work, the monitoring and characterization of large microplastics (1–5 mm) collected from sandy beaches of Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Sicily, Italy) were carried out for the first time. Microplastics were sampled from two beaches, “Gelso” and “Sabbie Nere,” in three different time periods. The following characteristics of microplastic samples were assessed: quantity, distribution, categories, color, polymer type, size, and shape parameters. The polymers were identified using hyperspectral imaging, whereas an automatic image analysis approach was employed to determine microplastics’ morphological and morphometrical attributes. Finally, the microplastic diversity integrated index was computed to obtain information on the potential emission sources of microplastics. It was found that the concentration of microplastics varies from 0.27 particles/kg_dw to 1.35 particles/kg_dw with fragment being the main collected category, with minor amount of pellet, foam, film, and filament. The predominant color of microplastics was by far white, followed by blue and yellow. The identified polymers were polyethylene and polypropylene followed by expanded polystyrene, polyamide, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate. The morphological and morphometrical characterization highlighted a large variability for most size and shape parameters. Finally, the Microplastics Diversity Integrated Index results showed average indices compared to the literature, with higher values for the “Gelso” site (0.656), indicating a higher heterogeneity of sources, with respect to “Sabbie Nere” beach (0.530).
Emergent group understanding: Investigating intersubjectivity in sociotechnical interdependencies
Authors: Mørch Anders I. , Andersen Renate , Eie Siv , Mifsud Louise 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTeaching with virtual worlds provides new means for collaborative learning but creates challenges for teachers in terms of IT skills. To address these challenges, we developed a teaching model for using virtual worlds in classroom practices and applied it to Minecraft in several rounds of design-based research experiments. Our conceptual framework combines ideas from software engineering (sociotechnical congruence) and social sciences (intersubjectivity and emergence). Empirically, we addressed the problem of how shared understanding evolves in computer-mediated learning activities. We video-recorded classroom activities and analyzed them using interaction analysis. The teaching model engaged the students in two interdependent processes, referred to as objects: (1) a social object (discussions) that led to a shared knowledge object (video-recorded role-play) and (2) a technology object (Minecraft buildings) for staging the role-play. Our findings include an empirical phenomenon that we call emergent group understanding, which arose from the complex social interactions between social and technology objects when Minecraft was used as a virtual world in a social studies classroom. This revealed two connected subprocesses: (1) a spontaneous act of providing information to assist learners in contextualizing their actions and interactions against a common background, and (2) setting localized goals to guide future actions and interactions. This finding extends previous research by identifying fine-grained processes of intersubjectivity that contribute to collaborative learning. More generally, our teaching model addresses the problem of balancing creative and instructional learning goals.
Effective lateral dispersion of momentum, heat and mass in bubbling fluidized beds
Authors: Gustafsson Gabriel , Castilla Guillermo Martinez , Pallarès David , Ström Henrik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe lateral dispersion of bed material in a bubbling fluidized bed is a key parameter in the prediction of the effective in-bed heat transfer and transport of heterogenous reactants, properties important for the successful design and scale-up of thermal and/or chemical processes. Computational fluid dynamics simulations offer means to investigate such beds in silico and derive effective parameters for reduced-order models. In this work, we use the Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model with the kinetic theory of granular flow to perform numerical simulations of solids mixing and heat transfer in bubbling fluidized beds. We extract the lateral solids dispersion coefficient using four different methods: by fitting the transient response of the bed to (1) an ideal heat or (2) mass transfer problem, (3) by extracting the time-averaged heat transfer behavior and (4) through a momentum transfer approach in an analogy with single-phase turbulence. The method (2) fitting against a mass transfer problem is found to produce robust results at a reasonable computational cost when assessed against experiments. Furthermore, the gas inlet boundary condition is shown to have a significant effect on the prediction, indicating a need to account for nozzle characteristics when simulating industrial cases.
Nutrition and Osteoporosis Prevention
Authors: Rizzoli René , Chevalley Thierry 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Osteoporosis affects 50% of women and 20% of men after the age of 50. Fractures are associated with significant morbidity, increased mortality and altered quality of life. Lifestyle measures for fragility fracture prevention include good nutrition including adequate protein and calcium intakes, vitamin D sufficiency, and regular weight bearing physical exercise.

Recent Findings
Dietary protein is one of the most important nutritional considerations as it affects bone mineral density, trabecular and cortical microstructure, and bone strength. When calcium intake is sufficient, higher dietary protein intake is associated with lower risk of fracture. Dairy products are a valuable source of calcium and high quality protein. Dairy product consumption, particularly fermented dairy products, are associated with a lower risk of hip fracture and vegan diets are associated with increased fracture risk. Other dietary factors associated with reduced fracture risk include at least 5 servings per day of fruits and vegetables, regular tea drinking, adherence to a Mediterranean diet and other dietary patterns which provide fibers, polyphenols and fermented dairy products. Such dietary patterns may confer health benefits through their effect on gut microbiota composition and/or function.

Summary
A balanced diet including minerals, protein, fruits and vegetables is an important element in the prevention of osteoporosis and of fragility fracture.
The Pupillary Light-Off Reflex in Acute Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Zarifkar Pardis , Othman Marwan H. , Hansen Karen Irgens Tanderup , Amiri Moshgan , Stückler Sarah Gharabaghi , Fabritius Maria Louise , Sigurdsson Sigurdur Thor , Hassager Christian , Birkeland Peter F. , Hauerberg John , Møller Kirsten , Kjaergaard Jesper , Larson Merlin D. , Kondziella Daniel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
In intensive care patients with disorders of consciousness, the pupillary light reflex is a measure of pupillary parasympathetic function. By contrast, the pupillary light-off reflex leads to pupil dilation in response to an abrupt change from light to darkness (“light-off”) and reflects combined parasympathetic and sympathetic pupillary function. To our knowledge, this reflex has not been systematically investigated in patients with disorders of consciousness. We hypothesized that the pupillary light-off reflex correlates with consciousness levels after acute brain injury.

Methods
From November 2022 to March 2023, we enrolled 100 study participants: 25 clinically unresponsive (coma or unresponsive wakefulness syndrome) and 25 clinically low-responsive (minimally conscious state or better) patients from the intensive care units of a tertiary referral center, and 50 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. Exclusion criteria were active or chronic eye disease. We used automated pupillometry to assess the pupillary light-off reflex and the pupillary light reflex of both eyes under scotopic conditions in all study participants.

Results
The pupillary light-off reflex was strongly correlated with consciousness levels (r = 0.62, p < 0.001), the increase in pupillary diameters being smallest in unresponsive patients (mean ± standard deviation 20% ± 21%), followed by low-responsive patients (mean ± standard deviation 47% ± 26%) and healthy controls (mean ± standard deviation 67% ± 17%; p < 0.001). Similar yet less pronounced patterns were observed for the pupillary light reflex. Twenty-one of 25 (84%) unresponsive patients had preserved pupillary light reflexes, but only seven (28%) had fully preserved pupillary light-off reflexes (p < 0.0001). Of these 7 patients, five (71%) regained awareness.

Conclusions
The pupillary light-off reflex may be more sensitive to consciousness levels than the pupillary light reflex. The clinical implications of this finding seem worthy of further investigation, particularly regarding possible benefits for neuromonitoring and prognostication after brain injury.
Effect of a controlled diaphragmatic breathing session on perceived pain and state anxiety in people with chronic pain
Authors: Serrano-Ibáñez Elena R. , Czub Marcin , Ortega Cordero Cristina , López-Martínez Alicia E. , Ramírez-Maestre Carmen , Piskorz Joanna , Zarazaga Rosa Esteve 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChronic pain conditions are frequently comorbid with anxiety problems. The controlled diaphragmatic breathing technique has been applied in both conditions. However, few studies have examined its efficacy in reducing perceived pain and state anxiety in the population with both pathologies. Thus, the study objective was to investigate the immediate effects of a single-session diaphragmatic breathing intervention on perceived pain and state anxiety in a group of people with chronic pain. We analyzed the influence of sociodemographic variables, dispositional anxiety, average pain during the last week, respiratory rate, and inhalation/exhalation ratio. The sample comprised 169 people with chronic pain from Spain and Poland who were evaluated before and after performing an online controlled diaphragmatic breathing task. The Wilcoxon test showed significant decreases in state anxiety and perceived pain. Linear regression analyses revealed an association between dispositional anxiety and pretest/posttest differences in state anxiety, as well as an association between both average pain in the last week and nationality and pretest/posttest differences in perceived pain. We conducted an exploratory analysis of the differences between both countries in the study variables. We discuss the results and the relevance of further studies on the efficacy of this technique in reducing perceived pain and state anxiety.
Breaking up with belongings: a pilot randomized controlled trial of an unguided web-based program to reduce overconsumption
Authors: Norberg Melissa M. , Matheson Angelica C. , Visvalingam Shanara , King Ronan D. , Olivier Jake , David Jonathan , McLellan Lauren F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNumerous consumers engage in wasteful and unsustainable consumption despite knowing it is associated with several personal, social, economic, and environmental harms. To aid consumers in reducing consumption, we created Breaking up with Belongings (BB), a fully automated web-based intervention with a downloadable workbook. Eligible participants were recruited using social media ads. They were Australian residents, aged 18 or older, fluent in English, had consistent computer and internet access, and reported having excess possessions and/or having difficulty making intentional decisions about possessions. We assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of this intervention compared to a waitlist (WL) control in a 3-month, parallel, two-arm pilot randomized controlled trial. Over three weeks, 171 individuals screened for this study; 96 were eligible and randomized to condition (48 BB group, 48 WL group). Three-quarters of participants provided follow-up data and accessed the program. The BB group found the program acceptable and outperformed the WL group on two primary outcomes (cautious shopping and clutter removal) and on all secondary outcomes (impulsive buying, expenditure, hoarding tendencies, clutter-related impairment, object attachment, and emotion regulation). These findings will be used to enhance the program’s effectiveness and broader applicability, which will be tested through a larger randomized controlled trial.
Lubrication antagonism mechanism of nano-MoS2 and soot particles in ester base oil
Authors: Zhong Chonglong , Hu Kunhong , Xu Yong , Hu Enzhu , Hu Xianguo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSpherical nano-MoS2 (S-MoS2) has excellent lubricating properties and potential application value in engine oil additives. Engine soot can enter the engine oil, so the tribological interaction between S-MoS2 and diesel combustion soot (DCS) should be investigated. In this study, DCS was used to simulate engine soot. The interaction was investigated in dioctyl sebacate (DOS), and the interaction mechanism was full characterized. Results showed that S-MoS2 and DCS had obvious antagonism effects on lubrication. The 0.5% S-MoS2 exhibited good lubricating properties in DOS, which could reduce friction by ∼22% and wear by ∼54%. However, after 0.5% S-MoS2 was added to the 0.5% DCS contaminated DOS, the lubrication performance was not improved and was even worse than that without S-MoS2. When S-MoS2 was added for DOS lubrication, a tribofilm containing MoS2 formed on the friction surface, but simultaneously adding 0.5% DCS resulted in the disappearance of the MoS2 tribofilm. Moreover, under the action of friction heat, DCS and S-MoS2 could form hard MoxCy, thereby increasing abrasive wear. Finally, a preliminary deantagonism method was provided. After 2.0% zinc isooctyl dithiophosphate was added to the above antagonistic system, the friction coefficient did not show visible changes, but the wear recovered to a level close to that when only S-MoS2 was added. The antiantagonism method is not very satisfactory and some more efficient methods need to be further explored.
How It Matters Who Makes Corporate Rules
Authors: Chan Jonathan , Lim Ernest 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCorporate rules are often analysed without attending to the strengths and limitations of the body making, monitoring or implementing those rules. However, corporate rule-making and implementation bodies (RMIBs) over which policymakers have the most influence—legislatures, public regulatory agencies, stock exchanges, and private/professional bodies with a degree of self-regulatory autonomy—have an important bearing on the effectiveness of rules. This article advances a framework to understand how RMIBs influence the effectiveness of corporate rules by critically examining five core features of RMIBs: (a) their incentives for making and implementing the rules; (b) the nature and extent of regulatory competition; (c) available and relative resources; (d) rule-making speed and the certainty of their decisions; and (e) their legitimacy in the eyes of the regulated parties and relevant stakeholders. To illustrate the framework concretely, this article conducts case studies exploring how it matters who makes the rules on climate-related risks disclosure and in the UK’s recently enacted Financial Services and Markets Act 2023.