bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic screening for fetal aneuploidy: first trimester.
Authors: Souter V L , Nyberg D A 
Published: January 2017

Screening for fetal aneuploidy is now possible during the first trimester using sonographic and biochemical markers. The aim of this review was to summarize the efficacy and use of nuchal translucency in screening for fetal aneuploidy, especially fetal Down syndrome, and other anomalies.We reviewed available literature regarding first‐trimester screening. This includes more than 16 studies of nuchal translucency as a marker for fetal aneuploidy published since 1995.Although early studies showed wide variation in detection of fetal Down syndrome when using nuchal translucency, more recent studies showed sensitivities of approximately 70% to 80%, for a 5% false‐positive rate. Increased nuchal translucency has also been found to be a marker for other aneuploidies, including trisomy 18, trisomy 13, and Turner syndrome. Maternal serum biochemical screening can be used as a test for aneuploidy during the first trimester The 2 maternal serum markers that appear to be most useful in the late first trimester are the free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A. Together with maternal age, these markers yield a detection rate for trisomy 21 of approximately 60%, for a 5% false‐positive rate. Because sonographic and biochemical markers appear to be largely independent, their combined risk results in improved detection rates compared with either method alone. As a result, the combination of nuchal translucency, biochemical markers, and maternal age has achieved a detection rate of approximately 85%, for a 5% false‐positive level for detection of trisomy 21. A newly proposed "integrated" approach using a panel of first‐ and second‐trimester markers suggests that further improvement in the screening performance is possible. A number of questions regarding first‐trimester screening remain. We address some of these questions: is first‐trimester screening more effective than second‐trimester screening? How to account for intrauterine lethality? Is earlier diagnosis important, and will it be accepted by patients? Is first‐trimester screening cost‐effective? How should first‐trimester screening be interpreted with second‐trimester tests?Despite encouraging data and general enthusiasm for first‐trimester screening for fetal Down syndrome and other aneuploidies, a number of questions remain about its implementation in the United States. Multicenter studies currently under way should help answer some of these questions.
Retroperitoneal abscess and mycotic aortic aneurysm: unusual septic complications of central vascular line placement in premature infants.
Authors: Lim-Dunham J E , Duncan C N , Yousefzadeh D K , Ben-Ami T 
Published: January 2017

To describe the sonographic appearance of unusual septic complications after central vascular line placement in premature infants.Two case reports are presented.The first patient had a retroperitoneal abscess after percutaneous central venous catheter placement. The second patient had a ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta after umbilical arterial catheter placement.Retroperitoneal abscess and aortic aneurysm should be considered in patients with histories of long‐standing catheters or line sepsis. Both of these complications are readily diagnosed on the basis of sonography.
Sonohysterography for the diagnosis of residual trophoblastic tissue.
Authors: Zalel Y , Cohen S B , Oren M , Seidman D S , Zolti M , Achiron R , Goldenberg M 
Published: January 2017

To assess the efficacy, safety, and associated complications of sonohysterography for the diagnosis of residual trophoblastic tissue.We conducted a prospective study of 23 consecutive patients admitted to our ultrasonography unit with clinical and ultrasonographic signs of retained intrauterine tissue.Twelve patients had hydrosonographic features suggestive of residual trophoblastic tissue (i.e., an intrauterine lesion not detachable from the uterine wall after instillation of saline), whereas in 11 cases the hydrosonographic findings were negative for retained tissue. Blood flow was detected within abnormal intrauterine masses in 4 of 12 patients with trophoblastic tissue, whereas it was not detected in any patient without retained tissue (P = .093). No complications were encountered during the procedure or the postprocedure period. None of the patients had anesthetic complications, perforation of the uterus, fluid overload, or any other surgical complication. All 12 patients underwent hysteroscopic removal of the suspected residual trophoblastic tissue, and histologic confirmation of residual trophoblastic tissue was obtained in all cases.Sonohysterography for detection and diagnosis of residual trophoblastic tissue is an accurate and safe procedure. Further studies comparing the efficacy of sonohysterography with that of diagnostic hysteroscopy are warranted.
Three‐dimensional Ultrasonography Using the Minimum Transparent Mode in Obstructive Biliary Diseases
Authors: Lee Hyun Ju , Choi Byung Ihn , Han Joon Koo , Kim Ah Young , Kim Kyoung Won , Park Seong Ho , Jeong Jun Yong , Kang Jun Won 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of three‐dimensional ultrasonography using the minimum transparent mode in patients with obstructive biliary disease.MethodsFourteen patients with obstructive jaundice underwent three‐dimensional ultrasonography after conventional two‐dimensional ultrasonography before interventional procedures. Three‐dimensional images reconstructed by the minimum transparent mode were evaluated and compared with direct cholangiography. The minimum transparent mode images were compared with the two‐dimensional ultrasonographic images to determine whether additional information was obtained.ResultsThe level of obstruction was correctly depicted in all patients, and a dilated common bile duct, common hepatic duct, gallbladder, and main intrahepatic ducts were well visualized on minimum transparent mode images. The findings on minimum transparent mode images were well correlated with those on cholangiography; however, the perspective of the whole biliary tree on minimum transparent mode images was inferior to that on cholangiography in all cases. The overall image quality of minimum transparent mode images was poor in 6 patients, fair in 3, good in 4, and excellent in 1. The biliary anatomy was more objectively visualized on the minimum transparent mode images than conventional two‐dimensional ultrasonographic images.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional ultrasonography using the minimum transparent mode appears to be clinically feasible. The biliary anatomy was more objectively visualized on the minimum transparent mode images than conventional two‐dimensional ultrasonographic images. Further technical development is needed to improve imaging resolution.
Reproducibility of Shear Wave Velocity Measurements by Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging of the Liver
Authors: Guzmán-Aroca Florentina , Reus Manuel , Berná-Serna Juan D. , Serrano Laura , Serrano Cristina , Gilabert Amparo , Cepero Angela 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe purposes of this study were to investigate interobserver reproducibility using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging and to develop an acoustic radiation force impulse scoring system.MethodsFifty healthy volunteers with normal liver function test values were selected for the study. Shear wave velocity measurements, expressed in meters per second, were taken in a deep portion of liver segment 6. Two observers with different levels of experience performed the measurements independently and blindly.ResultsAll of the measurements taken by the 2 observers were valid, even in volunteers with a body mass index of greater than 28 kg/m2. The results point to very good interobserver reproducibility of shear wave velocity measurements, with an intraclass coefficient correlation of 0.86 (P < .001).ConclusionsThe results of this study show that shear wave velocity measurements using the acoustic radiation force impulse technique and a standardized protocol are accurate and reproducible.
Numerical modeling of a multiscale gravity wave event and its airglow signatures over Mount Cook, New Zealand, during the DEEPWAVE campaign
Authors: Heale C. J. , Bossert K. , Snively J. B. , Fritts D. C. , Pautet P.‐D. , Taylor M. J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA 2‐D nonlinear compressible model is used to simulate a large‐amplitude, multiscale mountain wave event over Mount Cook, NZ, observed as part of the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) campaign and to investigate its observable signatures in the hydroxyl (OH) layer. The campaign observed the presence of a λx=200 km mountain wave as part of the 22nd research flight with amplitudes of >20 K in the upper stratosphere that decayed rapidly at airglow heights. Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) showed the presence of small‐scale (25–28 km) waves within the warm phase of the large mountain wave. The simulation results show rapid breaking above 70 km altitude, with the preferential formation of almost‐stationary vortical instabilities within the warm phase front of the mountain wave. An OH airglow model is used to identify the presence of small‐scale wave‐like structures generated in situ by the breaking of the mountain wave that are consistent with those seen in the observations. While it is easy to interpret these feature as waves in OH airglow data, a considerable fraction of the features are in fact instabilities and vortex structures. Simulations suggest that a combination of a large westward perturbation velocity and shear, in combination with strong perturbation temperature gradients, causes both dynamic and convective instability conditions to be met particularly where the wave wind is maximized and the temperature gradient is simultaneously minimized. This leads to the inevitable breaking and subsequent generation of smaller‐scale waves and instabilities which appear most prominent within the warm phase front of the mountain wave.
Fluoride Anion Complexation by a Triptycene‐Based Distiborane: Taking Advantage of a Weak but Observable C−H⋅⋅⋅F Interaction
Authors: Chen Chang‐Hong , Gabbaï François P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFluoride anion complexation impacts a number of areas ranging from sensing to nucleophilic fluorination chemistry. Described here is a new bidentate Lewis acid consisting of two stiborane units connected by a 1,8‐triptycenediyl backbone. This neutral derivative captures fluoride with an unprecedented affinity for a neutral, water‐compatible Lewis acid. Structural, spectroscopic and computational studies demonstrate that fluoride anion binding is assisted by the formation of a C−H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bond which involves a methine group of the 1,8‐triptycenediyl backbone.
OleD Loki as a Catalyst for Tertiary Amine and Hydroxamate Glycosylation
Authors: Hughes Ryan R. , Shaaban Khaled A. , Zhang Jianjun , Cao Hongnan , Phillips George N. , Thorson Jon S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe describe the ability of an engineered glycosyltransferase (OleD Loki) to catalyze the N‐glycosylation of tertiary‐amine‐containing drugs and trichostatin hydroxamate glycosyl ester formation. As such, this study highlights the first bacterial model catalyst for tertiary‐amine N‐glycosylation and further expands the substrate scope and synthetic potential of engineered OleDs. In addition, this work could open the door to the discovery of similar capabilities among other permissive bacterial glycosyltransferases.
Efficient Synthesis of Nitrogen‐ and Sulfur‐co‐Doped Ketjenblack with a Single‐Source Precursor for Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity
Authors: Cheng Guang‐Chun , Li Guang‐Lan , Liu Cai‐Di , Yuan Li‐Fang , Chen Wen‐Wen , Hao Ce 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPromoting the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activities of cost‐effective catalysts is of great significance for the development of various energy conversion and storage systems. Herein, we describe the preparation of a highly active N‐ and S‐co‐doped ketjenblack (Kb) by facile pyrolysis of a mixture of thiourea and Kb in the presence of FeCl3⋅6 H2O followed by an acid‐leaching process. This novel synthetic approach was rationally designed with the consideration that thiourea could easily introduce both N and S heteroatoms into the carbon matrix by a heat‐treatment method by releasing plentiful reactive N‐ and S‐containing gases, which could simultaneously optimize the porous structure of the resultant catalyst. Physical characterization revealed that N and S were homogeneously incorporated into the nanostructure of Kb and formed a hierarchical porous structure with a high specific surface area. The N/S‐Kb catalyst showed impressive ORR activity, with an onset potential of 0.08 V at 0.1 mA cm−2, which is 20 mV more positive than that of commercial 20 wt. % Pt/C catalyst. This was coupled with long‐term durability and superior methanol tolerance in alkaline media. The improved ORR performance can be mainly ascribed to synergistic contributions of highly efficient active sites arising from high contents of thiophene S and pyridinic N along with the high specific surface area and the favorable mass‐transport properties arising from the hierarchical porous structure. The remarkable ORR performance and facile preparation method make the N/S‐Kb catalyst a promising substitute for Pt in electrochemical energy devices.
Hydrogen Mobility and Protein–Water Interactions in Proteins in the Solid State
Authors: Tompa Kálmán , Bokor Mónika , Ágner Dorina , Iván Dávid , Kovács Dénes , Verebélyi Tamás , Tompa Péter 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this work the groundwork is laid for characterizing the mobility of hydrogen–hydrogen pairs (proton–proton radial vectors) in proteins in the solid state that contain only residual water. In this novel approach, we introduce new ways of analyzing and interpreting data: 1) by representing hydrogen mobility (HM) and melting diagram (MD) data recorded by wide‐line 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis as a function of fundamental temperature (thermal excitation energy); 2) by suggesting a novel mode of interpretation of these parameters that sheds light on details of protein–water interactions, such as the exact amount of water molecules and the distribution of barrier potentials pertaining to their rotational and surface translational mobility; 3) by relying on directly determined physical observables. We illustrate the power of this approach by studying the behavior of two proteins, the structured enzyme lysozyme and the intrinsically disordered ERD14.
The Role of a Double Molecular Anchor on the Mobility and Self‐Assembly of Thiols on Au(111): The Case of Mercaptobenzoic Acid
Authors: Rodríguez González Miriam C. , Carro Pilar , Pensa Evangelina , Vericat Carolina , Salvarezza Roberto , Hernández Creus Alberto 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe dynamics of the self‐assembly process of thiol molecules on Au(111) is affected by the interplay between molecule–substrate and molecule–molecule interactions. Therefore, it is interesting to explore the effect of a second anchor to the gold surface, in addition to the S atom, on both the order and the feasibility of phase transitions in self‐assembled monolayers. To assess the role of an additional O anchor, we have compared the adsorption of two mercaptobenzoic acid isomers, 2‐mercaptobenzoic acid (2‐MBA) and 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid (4‐MBA), on Au(111). Results from scanning tunneling microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical techniques, and density functional theory calculations show that the additional O anchor in 2‐MBA hinders surface mobility, reducing domain size and impeding the molecular reorganization involved in phase transition to denser phases on the Au(111) substrates. This knowledge can help to predict the range order and molecular density of the thiol SAM depending on the chemical structure of the adsorbate.
Low Rank Parity Check Codes and their application in Power Line Communications smart grid networks
Authors: Yazbek Abdul Karim , EL Qachchach Imad , Cances Jean‐Pierre , Meghdadi Vahid 
Published: January 2017

SummaryWe investigate the use of Low Rank Parity Check Codes, originally designed for cryptography applications in the context of Power Line Communication. Particularly, we propose a new code design and an efficient probabilistic decoding algorithm. The main idea of decoding Low Rank Parity Check Codes is based on calculations of vector spaces over a finite field
. Low Rank Parity Check Codes can be seen as the identical of Low Density Parity check codes. We compare the performance of this code against the Reed‐Solomon Code through a Power Line Communication channel.
Quality of Life in relation to neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: 5‐year prospective ALSOVA cohort study
Authors: Hongisto Kristiina , Hallikainen Ilona , Selander Tuomas , Törmälehto Soili , Väätäinen Saku , Martikainen Janne , Välimäki Tarja , Hartikainen Sirpa , Suhonen Jaana , Koivisto Anne M. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the association between neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) with self‐ and caregiver‐rated Quality of Life (QoL) for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) during a 5‐year follow‐up.MethodsThe ALSOVA 5‐year follow‐up study included, at baseline, 236 patients with either very mild (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) 0.5), or mild (CDR 1) AD, together with their caregivers from three Finnish hospital districts. QoL was evaluated using patient self‐reported, and caregiver‐rated, QoL in AD (QoL‐AD) scores. NPS were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and AD severity was evaluated using the CDR, with cognition tested by the mini‐mental state examination. The performance of daily activities was assessed using the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living Inventory.ResultsOver the 5‐year follow‐up period, patient self‐reported QoL‐AD scores did not change significantly (p = 0.245), despite increases in their NPS. However, caregiver‐rated patient QoL‐AD scores declined significantly (p ≤ 0.001), as total NPI scores increased during follow‐up. No NPS at baseline, and only apathy at follow‐up, correlated significantly (p = 0.007) with patient self‐rated QoL‐AD scores. Caregiver‐rated patient QoL‐AD scores correlated significantly with most NPS, especially (p ≤ 0.001) apathy, agitation, anxiety, irritability, depression, and delusions at baseline, and delusions, hallucinations, apathy, appetite disturbances, and anxiety during follow‐up.ConclusionsPatient rated QoL‐AD scores are an unreliable tool with which to evaluate the success of therapy for NPS. Instead, caregiver‐rated scores for patients correlated well with NPI scores, and health care professionals in the clinic should preferentially use these. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On Climacteric Symptoms and their Treatment with a New Non‐Steroidal Estrogen
Authors: Kullander Stig , Svanberg Lars 
Published: January 2017

Kullander, S. and Svanberg, L. (Dept of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Lund, Malmö Allmänna Sjukhus, Malmö, Sweden). On climacteric symptoms and their treatment with a new non‐steroidal estrogen.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 13: 277–281, 1975.This study showed that P 1496 (Sandoz) a new nonsteroidal estrogenic preparation, is very effective in the treatment of climacteric symptoms (hot flushes). When effective, the drug has a parallel stimulating effect on the vaginal mucosa and the endometrium. Prolactin levels in serum are lower after treatment with P 1496, while PBI is increased. P 1496 had some “side“‐effects—like those of other estrogenic compounds —the most troublesome of which was breakthrough bleedings. Such bleedings occurred in 8% of our patients.
The Future of Female Sterilization Technology
Authors: Speidel J. Joseph 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe relative importance of research objectives to improve female sterilization technology varies between developed and less developed countries. Less developed countries are more interested in technology which can be applied outside of the hospital setting, by paramedical personnel, and with equipment that is simple to use, low‐cost, and easy to maintain. Of the currently available methods, minilaparotomy may be the method of choice in most programs in developing countries. Laparoscopy, culdoscopy, and colpotomy all have proponents, but the technical expertise and, for the endoscopic methods, the complex and expensive equipment required for these methods limits their applicability. Research is progressing on the transcervical introduction of sclerosing agents and transcervically applied tubal plugs, but these methods will require considerable refinement before they can be widely used in humans. Systemic pharmacologic methods of sterilization are also a possibility. To date no technique is available which is known to be easily reversible; research in this area is needed. It is anticipated that expanded research and further advances in female sterilization technology will be forthcoming in the near future.
Patients' Responses to IUD Insertion
Authors: Berger Gary S. , Edelman David A. , Regenie Sandra J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe immediate and early responses to insertion of a Lippes loop A or B, Dalkon shield, or Cu‐7‐200 were evaluated for 93 nulliparous patients. In isolated cases, significant, transient changes occurred in blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rates following the IUD insertion. The mean changes in these variables from before the IUD insertion to after the IUD insertion were too small to be of clinical significance. Vasovagal reactions, which usually became manifest at least ten minutes after the insertion, occurred in 7.5% of the patients. Among patients who were followed up, 95 % experienced cramps attributable to the IUD. Cramps and bleeding occurred more frequently with the Lippes loops A or B and Dalkon shield during or immediately after insertion. With the Cu‐7‐200, cramps and bleeding occurred more frequently one hour or more after insertion. Neither the duration and amount of bleeding nor the severity of cramps was significantly different for the three types of IUDs.
Prenatal Detection of Chromosome Aberrations after Intercontinental Transport of Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Gadow Enrique C. , Paz Joaquin E. , Castilla Eduardo E. , Rothe Desider J. , Cederqvist Lars L. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTPrenatal examination for chromosome anomalies was performed in nine families through a collaborative program between the Center for Medical Genetics in Buenos Aires and The New York Hospital–Cornell Medical Center in New York, using a simplified technique for cultivation of amniotic fluid cells. The indication in three out of nine cases was a balanced translocation present in one of the parents, two of a type which have not previously been reported. Two fetuses were also found to have the same balanced translocation as one of their parents. Some special conditions regarding the indications and techniques used for prenatal diagnosis influenced by local situations are pointed out.
Myomectomy in Infertile Jamaican Women
Authors: Sengupta Bijoy S. , Wynter Hugh H. , Matadial Lennox , Halfen Abraham 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTOne hundred nineteen Jamaican women who underwent myomectomy from 1964 to 1969 were followed up for 5 to 9 years. Infertility was the most common presenting complaint. Preoperative hysterosalpingograms were performed on 61 patients and were abnormal for the majority of these patients. Surgery revealed submucous fibroids in 41 patients and pelvic inflammatory disease in 51 patients. The pregnancy rate following myomectomy was 18.5%, but successful outcomes occurred in only 9.2% of the cases. Pregnancy was unsuccessful for all patients who underwent both myomectomy and tuboplasty. Twenty‐three patients had a recurrence of myoma, and 13 of these underwent subsequent hysterectomy.