bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sealing Occlusal Dentin Caries in Permanent Molars
Authors: Qvist V. , Borum M.K. , Møller K.D. , Andersen T.R. , Blanche P. , Bakhshandeh A. 
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of postponing restorative intervention of manifest occlusal caries in young, permanent dentition by non-invasive sealing. This RCT-designed study included 521 occlusal lesions in 521 patients aged 6 to 17 y. Based on clinical and radiographic assessments, all lesions required restorative treatment. After randomization (ratio 2:1), 368 resin sealings and 153 composite–resin restorations were performed by 68 dentists in 9 municipalities. The primary aims were to 1) analyze survival of sealings until replacement by restoration, 2) compare longevity of sealings and restorations until retreatments, and 3) compare effectiveness of sealings and restorations to halt caries progression in sealed lesions and beneath restorations. Furthermore, we aimed to identify factors influencing longevity and the effectiveness of sealings and restorations. Treatments were annually controlled, clinically and radiographically. After 7 y, the drop out rate was 8%, and 54% of the treatments were completed due to age. Of the sealings, 48% were retreated, including 31% replaced by restorations; 12% were still functioning. Of the restorations, 7% were repaired/renewed and 20% were still functioning. No endodontics was performed. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression survival analyses were performed on 341 sealings and 152 restorations in first and second molar teeth. The 7-y survival was 37% (CI, 29% to 45%) for sealings and 91% (CI, 85% to 96%) for restorations (P < 0.001). The median survival time for sealings not replaced by restorations was 7.3 y (CI, 6.4 y to NA). Survival of sealings was increased in patients with low caries risk and/or excellent oral hygiene, second molars compared with first molars, and lesions not extending the middle one-third of the dentin. Survival of sealings was not influenced by municipality, sex, eruption stage or clinical surface cavitation. The results underline that it is possible to postpone or avoid restorative intervention of occlusal dentin caries lesions in young permanent teeth by non-invasive sealing. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The first restoration can ultimately be fatal for a young permanent tooth. A restoration may not be the final treatment but the start of an ongoing treatment with still more loss of tooth substance. The present study shows the possibility of treating occlusal dentin caries lesions with non-invasive resin sealings instead of conventional resin composite restorations in children and adolescents. Improved oral health can be expected.
Clustering of disulfide-rich peptides provides scaffolds for hit discovery by phage display: application to interleukin-23
Authors: Barkan David T. , Cheng Xiao-li , Celino Herodion , Tran Tran T. , Bhandari Ashok , Craik Charles S. , Sali Andrej , Smythe Mark L. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Background
Disulfide-rich peptides (DRPs) are found throughout nature. They are suitable scaffolds for drug development due to their small cores, whose disulfide bonds impart extraordinary chemical and biological stability. A challenge in developing a DRP therapeutic is to engineer binding to a specific target. This challenge can be overcome by (i) sampling the large sequence space of a given scaffold through a phage display library and by (ii) panning multiple libraries encoding structurally distinct scaffolds. Here, we implement a protocol for defining these diverse scaffolds, based on clustering structurally defined DRPs according to their conformational similarity.

Results
We developed and applied a hierarchical clustering protocol based on DRP structural similarity, followed by two post-processing steps, to classify 806 unique DRP structures into 81 clusters. The 20 most populated clusters comprised 85% of all DRPs. Representative scaffolds were selected from each of these clusters; the representatives were structurally distinct from one another, but similar to other DRPs in their respective clusters. To demonstrate the utility of the clusters, phage libraries were constructed for three of the representative scaffolds and panned against interleukin-23. One library produced a peptide that bound to this target with an IC50 of 3.3 μM.

Conclusions
Most DRP clusters contained members that were diverse in sequence, host organism, and interacting proteins, indicating that cluster members were functionally diverse despite having similar structure. Only 20 peptide scaffolds accounted for most of the natural DRP structural diversity, providing suitable starting points for seeding phage display experiments. Through selection of the scaffold surface to vary in phage display, libraries can be designed that present sequence diversity in architecturally distinct, biologically relevant combinations of secondary structures. We supported this hypothesis with a proof-of-concept experiment in which three phage libraries were constructed and panned against the IL-23 target, resulting in a single-digit μM hit and suggesting that a collection of libraries based on the full set of 20 scaffolds increases the potential to identify efficiently peptide binders to a protein target in a drug discovery program.
Effect of Amine Structure on CO2 Adsorption of Modified Poly(ethyleneimine)-Impregnated Mesostructured Silica Sorbents
Authors: Jo Dong Hyun , Jung Hyunchul , Jeon Sunbin , Kim Sung Hyun 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) was modified to study the effect of amine type and introduced hydroxy groups on its ability to capture carbon dioxide. Amines were impregnated in as-synthesized mesostructured silica (MSU-F) to fabricate solid amines, and the resulting samples were characterized via 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Nitrogen contents, structural properties, adsorption capacity, and sorbent durability during CO2 adsorption/desorption processes were measured to study the CO2 sorption performances of the sorbents.
Reaction between PEI and propylene oxide (PO) altered the ratio of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and also produced hydroxy groups on amine molecules. With a specific reactant ratio, a modified amine-impregnated sorbent (M-EP10) showed a CO2 adsorption capacity and amine efficiency of 13.90 wt % and 0.37, respectively, which were higher than that of the pristine PEI-impregnated sorbent. The new adsorbents also showed excellent stability in cyclic adsorption–desorption operations, even under pure CO2 desorption conditions in which commercial PEI adsorbents are known to lose CO2 adsorption capacity owing to urea formation.
How Monitoring Influences Trust: A Tale of Two Faces
Authors: Schweitzer Maurice E. , Ho Teck-Hua , Zhang Xing 
Published: November 2016

Monitoring changes the behavior of those who are monitored and those who monitor others. We studied behavior under different monitoring regimes in repeated trust games. We found that trustees behaved opportunistically when they anticipated monitoring—they were compliant when they knew in advance that they would be monitored, but exploited trustors when they knew in advance that they would not be monitored. Interestingly, trustors failed to anticipate how strategically their counterparts would behave. Trustors misattributed the strategic, compliant behavior they observed as signals of trustees’ trustworthiness. As a result, trustors misplaced their trust when they were unable to monitor their counterparts. We discuss the managerial implications of our results for designing and implementing monitoring systems. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Chronic oedema: its prevalence, effects and management
Authors: Cooper Garry 
Published: November 2016

The ageing population means that oedema is increasing in prevalence with its physical and psychological effects on its sufferers. This article discusses the different forms of the condition and the therapies which can relieve it. By Garry Cooper Ageing affects not only individuals but also society. It occurs throughout the western world. The ageing process may lead to the development of conditions, such as chronic oedema, as well as comorbidities such as osteoarthritis. These comorbidities can make the management of chronic oedema even more difficult. This is an especially important consideration when tailoring individualised care plans, such as exercise, as conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can limit patients' ability to manage their oedema. Despite challenges, education can improve patient outcomes when evidence-based practice is used.
Primary teachers’ opinions about the difficulties encountered in the Play and Physical Activities course<p>Sınıf öğretmenlerinin Oyun ve Fiziki Etkinlikler dersinde karşılaştıkları güçlüklere ilişkin görüşleri
Authors: Bayat Seher , Kaymak Melike Nur , Balcı Oğuz 
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study is to determine the challenges that class teachers face while teaching play and physical activities course. The study is based on the instrumental case study which is one of the qualitative research methods. The work group consists of 12 class teachers who teach at Ordu City center, suburb, and centralized villages. In order to determine the challenges that class teachers face while teaching play and physical activities course, in the study, interview forms, which had been created by researchers, have been employed. During the analysis of the data acquired from the interviews, descriptive analysis method has been used. As a result of the research, it has been determined, according to teachers’ opinions, that pre-service training regarding to Play and Physical activities course that they have taken was inadequate, that they felt need for in-service training regarding to teaching the course, that school equipment and instruments were insufficient, that there were lack of field information and that they have been living challenges caused by curriculum. Additionally, in the study, it has been seen that although teachers think that play and physical activities course is important for physical, social and cognitive development of children, they do not deploy the class hours effectively. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı sınıf öğretmenlerinin Oyun ve Fiziki Etkinlikler dersinin öğretiminde karşılaştıkları güçlüklerin belirlenmesidir. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden araçsal durum çalışmasına dayanmaktadır. Çalışma grubunu Ordu İli kent merkezi, kenar mahalle (varoş) ve merkeze bağlı köylerde çalışan 12 sınıf öğretmeni oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada sınıf öğretmenlerinin Oyun ve Fiziki Etkinlikler dersinde yaşadıkları güçlüklerin belirlenmesi için araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen öğretmen görüşme formundan yararlanılmıştır. Görüşmeden elde edilen verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen görüşlerine göre; Oyun ve Fiziki Etkinlikler dersine ilişkin aldıkları hizmet öncesi eğitimin yetersiz olduğu, dersin öğretimine ilişkin hizmet içi eğitim ihtiyacı hissettikleri, dersin işlenmesinde okul donanımı, araç-gereç yetersizliği, alan bilgisi eksikliği ve öğretim programından kaynaklanan güçlükler yaşadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmada, öğretmenlerin Oyun ve Fiziki Etkinlikler dersinin çocukların fiziki, sosyal ve bilişsel gelişimi için önemli olduğunu düşünmelerine rağmen ders saatlerini etkin bir şekilde işlemedikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
On fractional p-Laplacian problems with local conditions
Authors: Li Anran , Wei Chongqing 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we deal with fractional p-Laplacian equations of the form

{

(

-
Δ

)

p
s

⁢
u

=

λ
⁢
f
⁢

(
x
,
u
)

,

x
∈
Ω

,

u
⁢

(
x
)

=
0

,

x
∈

ℝ
N

∖
Ω

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle(-\Delta)_{p}^{s}u&\displaystyle=\lambda f%
(x,u),&&\displaystyle x\in\Omega,\\
\displaystyle u(x)&\displaystyle=0,&&\displaystyle x\in\mathbb{R}^{N}\setminus%
\Omega,\end{aligned}\right.

where

λ
∈

(
0
,

+
∞

)

{\lambda\in(0,+\infty)}

,

0
<
s
<
1
<
p
<

+
∞

{0<s<1<p<+\infty}

and

Ω
⊂

ℝ
N

{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}}

,

N
⩾
2

{N\geqslant 2}

, is a bounded domain with smooth boundary.
With assumptions on

f
⁢

(
x
,
t
)

{f(x,t)}

just in

Ω
×

(

-
δ

,
δ
)

{\Omega\times(-\delta,\delta)}

, where

δ
>
0

{\delta>0}

is small, existence and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions are obtained via variational methods.
Importance of computer games in children’s life in the 21st century
Authors: Sochocka Anna , Bednarska Magdalena , Grabska-Gradzińska Iwona 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper discusses the level of acceptation of different kinds of computer games and the changes of the attitude depending on the respondents’ knowledge and context of playing activity. The forms of entertainment for the young generations are the extremely popular computer games. The main goal of this paper is to show the attitude of people toward the game industry and the correlation between the ways of spending spare time and the level of acceptation of computer games. The study is based on a questionnaire in which respondents could declare their opinions in open questions. The study included more than 60 parents, both men and women. It is not surprising that, despite the popularity of computer games, they still arouse much controversy, particularly as they relate to children. Collected parents’ opinions give the picture of the most important pros and cons of playing games and the goals and circumstances of the game activity. When respondents have been informed about term “serious games”, they have changed their previous perceptions of computer games, and the acceptance to the children’s activity grows.
Use of the Free to Play model in games with a purpose: the RoboCorp game case study
Authors: Dziedzic Dagmara 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article presents the RoboCorp game. RoboCorp is a game with a purpose aimed at facilitating the annotation process of a natural language data. What makes this game unique and novel is the use of various mechanisms known from the popular Free to Play model to provide a fun and attractive gameplay. These mechanisms are presented and described in detail in the context of RoboCorp. The obtained annotation results are discussed and compared to other similar annotation tools available.
Unusual structures of CCTG repeats and their participation in repeat expansion
Authors: Guo Pei , Lam Sik Lok 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCCTG repeat expansion in intron 1 of the cellular nucleic acid-binding protein (CNBP) gene has been identified to be the genetic cause of myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2). Yet the underlying reasons for the genetic instability in CCTG repeats remain elusive. In recent years, CCTG repeats have been found to form various types of unusual secondary structures including mini-dumbbell (MDB), hairpin and dumbbell, revealing that there is a high structural diversity in CCTG repeats intrinsically. Upon strand slippage, the formation of unusual structures in the nascent strand during DNA replication has been proposed to be the culprit of CCTG repeat expansions. On the one hand, the thermodynamic stability, size, and conformational dynamics of these unusual structures affect the propensity of strand slippage. On the other hand, these structural properties determine whether the unusual structure can successfully escape from DNA repair. In this short overview, we first summarize the recent advances in elucidating the solution structures of CCTG repeats. We then discuss the potential pathways by which these unusual structures bring about variable sizes of repeat expansion, high strand slippage propensity and efficient repair escape.
Comparison of ex vivo stability of copeptin and vasopressin
Authors: Heida Judith E. , Boesten Lianne S.M. , Ettema Esmée M. , Muller Kobold Anneke C. , Franssen Casper F.M. , Gansevoort Ron T. , Zittema Debbie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground:Copeptin, part of the vasopressin precursor, is increasingly used as marker for vasopressin and is claimed to have better ex vivo stability. However, no study has directly compared the ex vivo stability of copeptin and vasopressin.Methods:Blood of ten healthy volunteers was collected in EDTA tubes. Next, we studied the effect of various pre-analytical conditions on measured vasopressin and copeptin levels: centrifugation speed, short-term storage temperature and differences between whole blood and plasma, long-term storage temperature and repeated freezing and thawing. The acceptable change limit (ACL), indicating the maximal percentage change that can be explained by assay variability, was used as cut-off to determine changes in vasopressin and copeptin.Results:The ACL was 25% for vasopressin and 19% for copeptin. Higher centrifugation speed resulted in lower vasopressin levels, whereas copeptin concentration was unaffected. In whole blood, vasopressin was stable up to 2 h at 25°C and 6 h at 4°C. In plasma, vasopressin was stable up to 6 h at 25°C and 24 h at 4°C. In contrast, copeptin was stable in whole blood and plasma for at least 24h at both temperatures. At –20°C, vasopressin was stable up to 1 month and copeptin for at least 4 months. Both vasopressin and copeptin were stable after 4 months when stored at –80°C and –150°C. Vasopressin concentration decreased after four freeze-thaw cycles, whereas copeptin concentration was unaffected.Conclusion:Vasopressin levels were considerably affected by pre-analytical conditions, while copeptin levels were stable. Therefore, a strict sample handling protocol for measurement of vasopressin is recommended.
Process Simulation for Removing Impurities From Wastewater Using Sour Water 2-Strippers system via Aspen Hysys
Authors: Nabgan Bahador , Abdullah Tuan Amran Tuan , Nabgan Walid , Ahmad Arshad , Saeh Ibrahim , Moghadamian Kamal 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this paper, Aspen Hysys v8.8 was used to simulate two strippers for sour water stripping process as the aim for removal of chemical impurities such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and ammonia in wastewater. As a result of elimination of these impurities, the water can be reused. Comparison between single and two strippers and elevating the stripping efficiency was the objectives of the present study. The feed flow rate and compositions were specified according to the typical Chevron WWT process conditions. The simulation result shows that 100 % ammonia was stripped into the two stripper system but only 24 % stripped in the single stripper system. The result of H2O was almost same in both systems. The stripped water collected via the bottom of the Ammonia Stripper contains less than 10 ppm of hydrogen sulphide and less than 50 ppm of ammonia.
Do we need to consider age and gender for accurate diagnosis of myocardial infarction?
Authors: Mueller-Hennessen Matthias , Giannitsis Evangelos 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
According to the universal definition, a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can be made in the presence of a kinetic change of cardiac troponin (cTn) with at least one value above the 99th percentile of a healthy population together with clinical signs of myocardial ischemia. Thus, differences in 99th percentile cut-off values may have important diagnostic and therapeutic consequences for the correct AMI diagnosis. Following the introduction of high-sensitivity (hs) cTn assays with the ability to detect cTn in virtually every healthy individual, almost all available hs Tn assays suggest to use solitary 99th percentile cut-offs. However, several findings have questioned the use of a solitary cut-off for AMI diagnosis, as apparent age- and gender-dependent differences were found concerning the 99th percentile cut-off value. Moreover, there is an increasing number of studies which suggest a relevant diagnostic and prognostic benefit, when age- or gender-specific cut-offs values are used in comparison to general cut-offs. In contrast, other studies observed only a small impact on diagnostic reclassification and risk stratification. Given these ambiguous findings, there is currently no clear evidence for the use of age- and/or gender-dependent 99th percentiles. This review gives an overview of the rationale for gender- and age-dependent differences in cTn biomarker findings and discusses the implementation of these findings into clinical practice.
The kinetics of haemoglobin and ferritin in longitudinal community patients with iron deficiency or hypoxia
Authors: Badrick Tony , Richardson Alice M. , Arnott Ashley , Lidbury Brett A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background:
Red cell distribution width (RDW) is well recognised as a marker of iron-deficient anaemia, as well as useful to the distinction between some anaemic states. A role in the prediction of patient mortality and for the laboratory diagnosis of organ dysfunction has been also investigated. RDW has recently been suggested as a marker of acute and chronic hypoxia.

Methods:
In this paper we use RDW kinetics to identify different patient groups and then investigate the relationship between RDW, ferritin and haemoglobin kinetics in a large cross-sectional community patient dataset.

Results:
A novel mathematical model of this relationship is developed that captures all aspects of variation in the data. A linear regression of RDW/log(ferritin) on days is combined with a multi-level random structure including random intercepts and slopes for each patient.

Conclusions:
No evidence of an age affect was found in the data. On the other hand, significant patterns in the rises and falls of log(ferritin) and haemoglobin with RDW over time are identified.
Standard cocycles: Variations on themes of C. Kassel’s and R. Wilson’s
Authors: Pianzola Arturo , Prelat Daniel , Sepp Claudia 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Central extensions of Lie algebras can be understood and classified by means of 2-cocycles. The Lie algebras we are interested in are “twisted forms” (defined by Galois descent) of algebras of the form

𝔤

⊗
k

R

{{\mathfrak{g}}\otimes_{k}R}

with

𝔤

{{\mathfrak{g}}}

split finite-dimensional simple over a base field k of characteristic 0 and R a commutative unital and associative k-algebra (such algebras are ubiquitous in modern infinite-dimensional Lie theory). We introduce a special type of cocycle that we called standard. Our main result shows that any cocycle is cohomologous to a unique standard cocycle. As an application we give a precise description of the universal central extension of the twisted forms of

𝔤

⊗
k

R

{{\mathfrak{g}}\otimes_{k}R}

mentioned above. This yields a new proof of a classic theorem of C. Kassel [8]. For multiloop algebras, we obtain a “twisted” version of Kassel’s result (which is due to R. Wilson [21] in the case of the affine Kac–Moody Lie algebras).