bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social network community structure and the contact-mediated sharing of commensalE. coliamong captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Balasubramaniam Krishna , Beisner Brianne , Guan Jiahui , Vandeleest Jessica , Fushing Hsieh , Atwill Edward , McCowan Brenda 
Published: January 2018

In group-living animals, heterogeneity in individuals’ social connections may mediate the sharing of microbial infectious agents. In this regard, the genetic relatedness of individuals’ commensal gut bacteriumEscherichia colimay be ideal to assess the potential for pathogen transmission through animal social networks. Here we use microbial phylogenetics and population genetics approaches, as well as host social network reconstruction, to assess evidence for the contact-mediated sharing ofE. coliamong three groups of captively housed rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), at multiple organizational scales. For each group, behavioral data on grooming, huddling, and aggressive interactions collected for a six-week period were used to reconstruct social network communities via the Data Cloud Geometry (DCG) clustering algorithm. Further, anE. coliisolate was biochemically confirmed and genotypically fingerprinted from fecal swabs collected from each macaque. Population genetics approaches revealed that Group Membership, in comparison to intrinsic attributes like age, sex, and/or matriline membership of individuals, accounted for the highest proportion of variance inE. coligenotypic similarity. Social network approaches revealed that such sharing was evident at the community-level rather than the dyadic level. Specifically, although we found no links between dyadicE. colisimilarity and social contact frequencies, similarity was significantly greater among macaques within the same social network communities compared to those across different communities. Moreover, tests for one of our study-groups confirmed thatE. coliisolated from macaque rectal swabs were more genotypically similar to each other than they were to isolates from environmentally deposited feces. In summary, our results suggest that among frequently interacting, spatially constrained macaques with complex social relationships, microbial sharing via fecal-oral, social contact-mediated routes may depend on both individuals’ direct connections and on secondary network pathways that define community structure. They lend support to the hypothesis that social network communities may act as bottlenecks to contain the spread of infectious agents, thereby encouraging disease control strategies to focus on multiple organizational scales. Future directions includeincreasing microbial sampling effort per individual to better-detect dyadic transmission events, and assessments of the co-evolutionary links between sociality, infectious agent risk, and host immune function.
Strength Estimation for Hydrate‐Bearing Sediments From Direct Shear Tests of Hydrate‐Bearing Sand and Silt
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Dai Sheng , Ning Fulong , Peng Li , Wei Houzhen , Wei Changfu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSafe and economic methane gas production, as well as the replacement of methane while sequestering carbon in natural hydrate deposits, requires enhanced geomechanical understanding of the strength and volume responses of hydrate‐bearing sediments during shear. This study employs a custom‐made apparatus to investigate the mechanical and volumetric behaviors of carbon dioxide hydrate‐bearing sediments subjected to direct shear. The results show that both peak and residual strengths increase with increased hydrate saturation and vertical stress. Hydrate contributes mainly the cohesion and dilatancy constraint to the peak strength of hydrate‐bearing sediments. The postpeak strength reduction is more evident and brittle in specimens with higher hydrate saturation and under lower stress. Significant strength reduction after shear failure is expected in silty sediments with high hydrate saturation Sh ≥ 0.65. Hydrate contribution to the residual strength is mainly by increasing cohesion at low hydrate saturation and friction at high hydrate saturation. Stress state and hydrate saturation are dominating both the stiffness and the strength of hydrate‐bearing sediments; thus, a wave velocity‐based peak strength prediction model is proposed and validated, which allows for precise estimation of the shear strength of hydrate‐bearing sediments through acoustic logging data. This method is advantageous to geomechanical simulators, particularly when the experimental strength data of natural samples are not available.
Space Weather in the Machine Learning Era: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Camporeale E. , Wing S. , Johnson J. , Jackman C. M. , McGranaghan R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe workshop entitled Space Weather: A Multidisciplinary Approach took place at the Lorentz Center, University of Leiden, Netherlands, on 25–29 September 2017. The aim of this workshop was to bring together members of the Space Weather, Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science communities to address the use of advanced techniques such as Machine Learning, Information Theory, and Deep Learning, to better understand the Sun‐Earth system and to improve space weather forecasting. Although individual efforts have been made toward this goal, the community consensus is that establishing interdisciplinary collaborations is the most promising strategy for fully utilizing the potential of these advanced techniques in solving Space Weather‐related problems.
State estimation of system with bounded uncertain parameters: Interval multimodel approach
Authors: Ichalal Dalil , Marx Benoît , Maquin Didier , Ragot José 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe objective of this study is the analysis of dynamic systems represented by a multimodel expression with variable parameters. Changes in these parameters are unknown but bounded. Since it is not possible to estimate these parameters over time, the simulation of such systems requires the consideration of all possible values taken by these parameters. More precisely, the goal is to determine, at any moment, the smallest set containing all the possible values of the state vector simultaneously compatible with the state equations and with a priori known bounds of the uncertain parameters. This set will be characterized by two trajectories corresponding to the lower and upper limits of the state at every moment. This characterization can be realized by a direct simulation of the system, given the bounds of its parameters. It can also be implemented with a Luenberger‐type observer, fed with the system measurements.
A Novel Hydrogel Surface Grafted With Dual Functional Peptides for Sustaining Long‐Term Self‐Renewal of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Manipulating Their Osteoblastic Maturation
Authors: Deng Yi , Wei Shicheng , Yang Lei , Yang Weizhong , Dargusch Matthew S. , Chen Zhi‐Gang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRealizing the clinical potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in bone regenerative medicine requires the development of safe and chemically defined biomaterials for expansion of hiPSCs followed by directing their lineage commitment to osteoblasts. In this study, novel multipurpose peptide‐presenting hydrogel surfaces are prepared on common tissue culture plates via carboxymethyl chitosan grafting and subsequent immobilization of two functional peptides allowing for in vitro feeder‐free culture, long‐term self‐renewal, and osteogenic induction of hiPSCs. After vitronectin (VN) peptide modification, the engineered surfaces facilitate adhesion, proliferation, colony formation, and the maintenance of pluripotency of hiPSCs up to passage 10 under fully defined conditions without Matrigel or protein coating. Further, this synthetic niche exhibits an appealing regulatory effect on the osteogenic conversion of hiPSCs to osteoblastic phenotype without an embryoid body formation step by co‐decoration of different ratios of VN and bone‐forming peptide. Such a well‐defined, xeno‐free 2D engineered microenvironment not only helps to accelerate the clinical development of hiPSCs, but also provides a safe and robust platform for the generation of osteoblast‐like cells or bone‐like tissues at different maturation levels. Thus, the strategy may hold great potential for application in cell therapy and bone tissue engineering.
Bottom‐Up Fabrication of Semiconductive Metal–Organic Framework Ultrathin Films
Authors: Rubio‐Giménez Víctor , Galbiati Marta , Castells‐Gil Javier , Almora‐Barrios Neyvis , Navarro‐Sánchez José , Escorcia‐Ariza Garin , Mattera Michele , Arnold Thomas , Rawle Jonathan , Tatay Sergio , Coronado Eugenio , Martí‐Gastaldo Carlos 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThough generally considered insulating, recent progress on the discovery of conductive porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offers new opportunities for their integration as electroactive components in electronic devices. Compared to classical semiconductors, these metal–organic hybrids combine the crystallinity of inorganic materials with easier chemical functionalization and processability. Still, future development depends on the ability to produce high‐quality films with fine control over their orientation, crystallinity, homogeneity, and thickness. Here self‐assembled monolayer substrate modification and bottom‐up techniques are used to produce preferentially oriented, ultrathin, conductive films of Cu‐CAT‐1. The approach permits to fabricate and study the electrical response of MOF‐based devices incorporating the thinnest MOF film reported thus far (10 nm thick).
Direct Synthesis of Primary Anilines via Nickel‐mediated C(sp2)‐H Aminations
Authors: Yu Lin , Chen Xiang , Liu Da , Hu Liang , Yu Yongqi , Huang Hang , Tan Ze , Gui Qingwen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn efficient and mild protocol for the direct conversion of arene C−H bonds to C−NH2 without the need for extra deprotection step has been established, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the synthesis of primary anilines via nickel‐mediated C(sp2)‐H activations has been reported. This approach utilizes 8‐aminoquinoline as the directing group and sodium azide, a cheap and commercially available material, as the nitrogen source. In addition, the reaction is highly selective, affording the mono‐ortho‐aminated benzamides only. The reaction tolerates a broad range of substrates with diverse functional groups and the corresponding ortho‐aminated benzamides were efficiently synthesized in 41–82% yields.magnified image
Pd‐tBuONO Cocatalyzed Aerobic Indole Synthesis
Authors: Ning Xiao‐Shan , Liang Xin , Hu Kang‐Fei , Yao Chuan‐Zhi , Qu Jian‐Ping , Kang Yan‐Biao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA Pd‐tBuONO co‐catalyzed scalable and practical synthesis of indoles with molecular oxygen as terminal oxidant is developed. Either terminal or internal 2‐vinylanilines could be smoothly converted to desired indoles under one general condition. This method has been evaluated in the large scale synthesis of indomethacin and a potential anti‐breast cancer drug candidate 1.magnified image
Designing Safe Electrolyte Systems for a High‐Stability Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Chen Wei , Lei Tianyu , Wu Chunyang , Deng Min , Gong Chuanhui , Hu Kai , Ma Yinchang , Dai Liping , Lv Weiqiang , He Weidong , Liu Xuejun , Xiong Jie , Yan Chenglin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSafety, nontoxicity, and durability directly determine the applicability of the essential characteristics of the lithium (Li)‐ion battery. Particularly, for the lithium–sulfur battery, due to the low ignition temperature of sulfur, metal lithium as the anode material, and the use of flammable organic electrolytes, addressing security problems is of increased difficulty. In the past few years, two basic electrolyte systems are studied extensively to solve the notorious safety issues. One system is the conventional organic liquid electrolyte, and the other is the inorganic solid‐state or quasi‐solid‐state composite electrolyte. Here, the recent development of engineered liquid electrolytes and design considerations for solid electrolytes in tackling these safety issues are reviewed to ensure the safety of electrolyte systems between sulfur cathode materials and the lithium‐metal anode. Specifically, strategies for designing and modifying liquid electrolytes including introducing gas evolution, flame, aqueous, and dendrite‐free electrolytes are proposed. Moreover, the considerations involving a high‐performance Li+ conductor, air‐stable Li+ conductors, and stable interface performance between the sulfur cathode and the lithium anode for developing all‐solid‐state electrolytes are discussed. In the end, an outlook for future directions to offer reliable electrolyte systems is presented for the development of commercially viable lithium–sulfur batteries.
Decreased thermal sweating of central sudomotor mechanism in African and Korean men
Authors: Lee Jeong Beom , Kim Jeong Ho 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveTropical natives sweat less and preserve more body fluid than temperate natives, tolerating heat stress. However, the mechanisms involved in such sweating reduction have not been fully elucidated. We examined the sudomotor responses of men of African (n = 36) and Korean (n = 41) ancestry during hot water (43 °C) leg immersion (central sudomotor response). Correlations between mean body temperature, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and sweat rate were also examined.MethodsAll procedures were done in an automated climate chamber. Local skin temperatures and BMR were measured and mean body temperature was calculated. Sweating activities which include evaporative loss rate, sweat onset time, sweat rate, sweat volume, and whole‐body sweat loss volume were examined.ResultsIn the heat load test, Africans showed lower mean body and local skin temperatures than Koreans before and after heating. Before and after heating, BMR declined significantly in Africans, while that of Koreans declined less. Local sweat onset time increased more in Africans than in Koreans. Local evaporative loss rate, local sweat volume, local sweat rate, and whole body sweat loss volume were reduced in Africans compared with Koreans. There were positive associations of mean body temperature and resting BMR with mean sweat rate.ConclusionIn conclusion, we observed a larger reduction of sudomotor activity in tropical Africans than in temperate Koreans, which was associated with their lower mean body temperature and lower resting BMR.
CO2‐ausgelöste schaltbare Hydrophilie von heterogen konjugierten Polymerphotokatalysatoren für verbesserte katalytische Aktivität in Wasser
Authors: Byun Jeehye , Huang Wei , Wang Di , Li Run , Zhang Kai A. I. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractZahlreiche aktuelle Studien befassen sich mit wasserlöslichen, heterogenen Photokatalysatoren für Energie‐ und Umweltanwendungen. Ein Problem dieser Systeme ist jedoch, dass normalerweise ein Kompromiss zwischen der Hydrophilie und der Wiederverwendbarkeit der Photokatalysatoren eingegangen werden muss. In dieser Studie stellen wir konjugierte Polymerphotokatalysatoren mit tertiären terminalen Aminen vor, die reversibel CO2 binden und somit eine veränderbare Hydrophilie aufweisen können. Die durch die CO2‐Bindung ausgelöste Hydrophilie verstärkt die photokatalytische Effizienz des Polymerphotokatalysators in wässrigen Lösungen. Wird CO2 desorbiert, kann der Photokatalysator unter einfachsten Bedingungen aus dem Reaktionsmedium regeneriert werden, wodurch der Katalysator wiederverwendbar wird. Die Kontrolle über die hydrophilen/hydrophoben Eigenschaften des Katalysators wurde anhand verschiedener organischer Photoredox‐Reaktionen, die durch Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht ausgelöst werden, in wässrigem Medium demonstriert.
Organic Microcrystal Vibronic Lasers with Full‐Spectrum Tunable Output beyond the Franck–Condon Principle
Authors: Dong Haiyun , Zhang Chunhuan , Liu Yuan , Yan Yongli , Hu Fengqin , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe very broad emission bands of organic semiconductor materials are, in theory, suitable for achieving versatile solid‐state lasers; however, most of organic materials only lase at short wavelength corresponding to the 0–1 transition governed by the Franck–Condon (FC) principle. A strategy is developed to overcome the limit of FC principle for tailoring the output of microlasers over a wide range based on the controlled vibronic emission of organic materials at microcrystal state. For the first time, the output wavelength of organic lasers is tailored across all vibronic (0–1, 0–2, 0–3, and even 0–4) bands spanning the entire emission spectrum.
Halogen Bonding in Solution: Anion Recognition, Templated Self‐Assembly, and Organocatalysis
Authors: Tepper Ronny , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe halogen bond is a supramolecular interaction between a Lewis‐acidic region of a covalently bound halogen and a Lewis base. It has been studied widely in silico and experimentally in the solid state; however, solution‐phase applications have attracted enormous interest in the last few years. This Minireview highlights selected recent developments in halogen bond interactions in solution, with a focus on the use of receptors based on halogen bonds in anion recognition and sensing, anion‐templated self‐assembly, as well as in organocatalysis.
CO2‐Triggered Switchable Hydrophilicity of a Heterogeneous Conjugated Polymer Photocatalyst for Enhanced Catalytic Activity in Water
Authors: Byun Jeehye , Huang Wei , Wang Di , Li Run , Zhang Kai A. I. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWater compatibility for heterogeneous photocatalysts has been pursued for energy and environmental applications. However, there exists a trade‐off between hydrophilicity and recyclability of the photocatalyst. Herein, we report a conjugated polymer photocatalyst with tertiary amine terminals that reversibly binds CO2 in water, thereby generating switchable hydrophilicity. The CO2‐assisted hydrophilicity boosted the photocatalytic efficiency in aqueous medium with minimum dosage. When CO2 was desorbed, the photocatalyst could be simply regenerated from reaction media, facilitating the repeated use of photocatalyst. Hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity control of the polymer photocatalyst was successfully showcased through a variety of organic photoredox reactions under visible‐light irradiation in water.
Green synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2‐Ag magnetic nanocatalyst using safflower extract and its application as recoverable catalyst for reduction of dye pollutants in water
Authors: Mohammadi Pourya , Sheibani Hassan 
Published: January 2018

This paper reports the green and in situ preparation of Fe3O4@SiO2‐Ag magnetic nanocatalyst synthesized using safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) flower extract without the addition of any stabilizers or surfactants. The catalytic performance of the resulting nanocatalyst was examined for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) in an environment‐friendly medium at room temperature. The main factors such as pH, temperature and amount of catalyst influencing the nanocatalyst performance were studied. The apparent rate constants for 4‐NP, MO and MB reduction were calculated, being 0.756 min−1, 0.064 s−1 and 0.09 s−1, respectively. The catalyst was recovered using an external magnet and reused several times with negligible loss of catalytic activity. The as‐synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV–visible, Fourier transform infrared and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopies, dynamic light scattering and vibrating sample magnetometry.
Ternary proton exchange membranes with low‐cost raw materials: Solvent type influence on microstructure development, high ionic conductivity, and ionic liquid lixiviation protection
Authors: Rubio Arias Jose Jonathan , Gomes Ailton de Souza 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTA critical stage of solvent evaporation during membrane casting was identified as responsible for significant differences in performance of ternary membranes composed of PEEK with 73% of sulfonation degree. DemaTfO and MmtdemaDMF showed to be the best solvent for casting of membranes prepared through the present study, which is against the observations made through other different studies. Fractal structures are formed regardless of solvent polarity, and interlamellar spacing is found to be higher when DMF is used, which led to higher conductivity and IL leaching protection. Proton relaxometry showed that only the membranes made with DMF and DMAc possess one single mobility domain. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs showed a higher damage in membranes with two different mobility domains and consequent phase separation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46012.
Looking back to interfacial tension prediction in the compatibilized polymer blends: Discrepancies between theories and experiments
Authors: Hassanpour Asl Farzaneh , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Rastin Hadi , Pötschke Petra , Vogel Roland , Stadler Florian J. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTPrediction of interfacial tension of compatibilized polymer blends is a challenging open problem, where experiments and theories hardly support each other. In this work, constitutive models proposed for quantifying the interfacial tension of compatibilized polymer blends were revisited and their limitations/capabilities were discussed. In view of available data in the literature, which could provide with possibility of comparison between interfacial tension values obtained in this work and those published before, high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/polyamide‐6 and HDPE/polyethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol pairs comprising varying amounts of HDPE‐g‐maleic anhydride compatibilizer precursor were prepared for obtaining model parameters. The inability of theories in monitoring the interfacial tension was accordingly uncovered. However, outcomes from both theoretical and experimental data provided some insights for elucidating the interplay between interfacial tension and rheological characteristics of the studied compatibilized blends. It was also attempted to uncover the relationships between particle size, particle size distribution, and rheological properties of blends compatibilized with different amounts of HDPE‐g‐maleic anhydride precursor. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46144.
Electrochemical and optical properties of dicyclohexylmethyl substituted poly(3,4‐propylenedioxythiophene) analogue
Authors: Çakal Deniz , Cihaner Atilla , Önal Ahmet M. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAn analogue of disubstituted 3,4‐propylenedioxythiophenes, namely 3,3‐bis(cyclohexylmethyl)‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐thieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxepin (ProDOT‐CycHex2), was synthesized and its electrochemical polymerization was carried out successfully in an electrolyte solution of 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate dissolved in a mixture of acetonitrile and dichloromethane (3/1: v/v). The corresponding polymer called PProDOT‐CycHex2 has a reduced band gap of 1.85 eV and an electrochromic property: blue/violet when neutralized and highly transparent when oxidized. Also, PProDOT‐CycHex2 film exhibited faster response time (0.7 s) and higher coloration efficiency (769 cm2/C) during oxidation when compared to its benzyl substituted analogue. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46214.