bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated cardiac coverage assessment in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging using an explainable recurrent 3D dual‐domain convolutional network
Authors: Nabavi Shahabedin , Hashemi Mohammad , Ebrahimi Moghaddam Mohsen , Abin Ahmad Ali , Frangi Alejandro F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has become a modality with superior power for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. One of the essential quality controls of CMR images is to investigate the complete cardiac coverage, which is necessary for the volumetric and functional assessment.PurposeThis study examines the full cardiac coverage using a 3D dual‐domain convolutional model and then improves this model using an innovative explainable salient region detection model and a recurrent architecture.MethodsSalient regions are extracted from the short‐axis cine CMR stacks using a three‐step proposed algorithm. Changing the architecture of the 3D dual‐domain convolutional model to a recurrent one and taking advantage of the salient region detection model creates a kind of attention mechanism that leads to improved results.ResultsThe results obtained from the images of over 6200 participants of the UK Biobank population cohort study show the superiority of the proposed model over the previous studies. The dataset is the largest regarding the number of participants to control the cardiac coverage. The accuracies of the proposed model in identifying the presence/absence of basal/apical slices are 96.22% and 95.42%, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed recurrent architecture of the 3D dual‐domain convolutional model can force the model to focus on the most informative areas of the images using the extracted salient regions, which can help the model improve accuracy. The performance of the proposed fully automated model indicates that it can be used for image quality control in population cohort datasets and real‐time post‐imaging quality assessments. Codes are available at https://github.com/mohammadhashemii/CMR_Cardiac_Coverage_Control
Detecting bias in abundance estimates of spawning fish from closed-capture models using remote and physical capture data
Authors: Conner Mary M. , Landom Kevin , Walsworth Timothy E. , Wilkison Richard A. , Fonken Dale , Thompson Paul , Keleher Christopher , Franklin Russ 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Mixed-data models incorporating remote antenna detections from PIT-tagged fish together with physical capture data (mixed data) can improve precision of mark–recapture abundance estimates, particularly for spawning fish. However, if the entire population is not available for physical capture during the mark–recapture sampling period, abundance estimates will be biased low. Our objectives were to examine bias and precision of two modeling approaches and develop a simple diagnostic to determine whether the entire population was sampled.

Methods
We use a simulation modeling approach to compare specified abundances with abundance estimates from closed-capture models using mixed data (the mixed-data approach) and using only marked (e.g., PIT-tagged) individuals divided by the proportion of individuals that are marked (proportional approach). We use the difference in bias between the two models as our diagnostic of whether a population was randomly sampled. We then applied our diagnostic to two case studies: a spawning population of adfluvial June Sucker Chasmistes liorus in Utah Lake, Utah, 2008–2020, and a spawning population of Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus in the Imnaha River, a tributary of the Snake River, Oregon, 2013–2020.

Result
Simulation experiments revealed that the mixed-data approach became increasingly negatively biased as the proportion of the population that was unavailable for physical capture increased, yet the proportional approach remained unbiased. Abundance estimates from the proportional approach averaged approximately 6× greater for June Sucker and 2× greater for Bull Trout compared to the mixed-data approach, suggesting a proportion of the population was not available for physical capture in both case studies.

Conclusion
Understanding the magnitude of bias in abundance estimates is particularly important for the management of imperiled species that are subject to recovery plans. Comparing estimates using the unbiased proportional approach that we described here with those from a mixed-data approach when PIT tag detection data are used to estimate abundance is a straightforward method to evaluate bias in these estimates.
Indications, Surgical Strategies And Hearing Outcomes of Revision Stapes Surgery for Otosclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis on 2602 Patients
Authors: Tomasoni Michele , Borsetto Daniele , Canzi Pietro , Vural Alperen , Testa Gabriele , Piazza Cesare , Pinelli Lorenzo , Redaelli de Zinis Luca Oscar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize current knowledge on the indications, surgical strategies, and auditory outcomes of revision stapes surgery (RSS) for otosclerosis.Data SourcesThe search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science online databases, including papers published since 2000.Review MethodsThe study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines. We considered original series describing RSS for otosclerosis, reporting postoperative hearing outcomes according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery guidelines for conductive hearing loss (CHL) for at least 30 consecutive cases. The quality of included studies was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Pooled proportion and odds ratio (OR) meta‐analysis were conducted using random effect models.ResultsNineteen studies were included, for a total of 2602 patients (2735 ears) and 2359 postoperative hearing results. RSS was mostly performed for recurrent CHL with air‐bone gap (ABG)>20 dB. Multiple concomitant causes were often present, with prosthesis placement defect and incus necrosis as the most common causes. The pooled proportion of postoperative ABG<10 dB and ABG<20 dB was 57.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.8%‐61.4%) and 79% (95% CI: 76.0%‐81.8%), respectively. Dead ears were 1.2% (95% CI: 0.7%‐2.1%). Compared to primary surgery, RSS had a significantly lower rate of ABG<10 dB (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.24%‐0.54%; P < .001). Both revision incudostapedotomy with/without incus reconstruction and malleovestibulopexy are viable options with nonsignificant differences in ABG closure rates (P = .182).ConclusionRSS is challenging and requires the surgeon to carefully evaluate all potential causes of previous failure and tailor the intervention according to intraoperative findings. In most cases, ABG closure within 20 dB can be achieved with a relatively low risk of dead ears.
A Novel Endoscopic Anterior Cricoid Rib Grafting: A Feasibility Study in An Animal Model
Authors: Aldriweesh Bshair , Almutairi Nasser , Alshareef Waleed , Sindi Abdullah , Alammar Ahmed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of our study was to document the feasibility of a novel endoscopic anterior cricoid split and rib grafting technique in a goat airway model.Study DesignFeasibility pilot animal study.SettingAnimal surgical laboratory at a tertiary hospital and research center.MethodsThree Ardhi goats were utilized. After harvesting and shaping the rib graft, 2 sutures were inserted transversely into the graft. An endoscopic midline anterior cricoid split was performed and extended down through the first tracheal ring, followed by a balloon dilation of the site. Next, the 2 lower and upper graft suture ends were sequentially passed as endo‐extra laryngeal sutures and tied on the anterior neck skin. Laryngeal stent was utilized in 1 goat following graft placement.ResultsThe surgery was successful in all included animals and bronchoscopy performed 7 days after surgery, revealed that the anterior graft was in good position. One goat developed surgical site infection leading to partial graft resorption.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the feasibility of this novel procedure which is potentially useful for patients who are candidates for a single‐stage reconstruction. Future studies should investigate the safety and validity of this technique in a model with subglottic stenosis.Level of EvidenceNA
Tailoring the size and shape of PbWO4 particles in highly filled polymer fibers for γ‐rays shielding
Authors: Hu Deng‐Chao , Zhang Quan‐Ping , Liu Shi‐Hao , Meng Ling‐Cheng , Li Gui‐Lin , Jiang Yong , Guo Lei , Liang Qian‐Qian , Sun Nan , Liu Peng‐Qing , Zhou Yuan‐Lin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHighly filled polymer fibers offer huge promise for radiation protection safety and wear comfort of personal protective equipment (PPE) in radiation environments. However, it usually sacrifices mechanical properties that directly related to practical usability. Here, as high as 75 wt% PbWO4 (PWO) particles have been filled in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber via tailoring their size and shape for enhanced γ‐rays shielding and good mechanical properties. Clearly shown that 0 dimensional (0‐D) PWO exhibits better dispersion and compatibility between the interfaces than 1‐D PWO in highly filled PVA fibers. In addition, 70 wt% 0‐D PWO/PVA fibers display better mechanical properties than 70 wt% 1‐D PWO/PVA fibers. Note that 75 wt% 0‐D PWO/PVA fibers show 1.02 cN/dtex of tensile strength. However, 75 wt% 1‐D PWO/PVA fibers fail to be fabricated smoothly. Importantly, the overlapped fabrics with 75 wt% 0‐D PWO/PVA fibers display 43.05% of γ‐ray shielding (105 keV) meanwhile it offers good air and water vapor permeability for wear comfort. The superior γ‐ray shielding ascribes the polymer fibers with the higher filling in comparison with its counterpart, which provides a practical means to design radiation protection safety and wear comfort of articles.Highlights
This work breaks the upper limit of filling in polymer fibers
Filler structure can weigh the integrated properties of polymer fibers.
0‐D PWO particles promote interfacial compatibility in highly filled fibers.
Radiation protection safety and wear comfort of articles tend to be designed.
Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of the sandwich structure with orthogonal corrugated core reinforced by polyurethane foam
Authors: Deng Yunfei , Yu Haoyun , Li Jiangtao , Zheng Yimei , Wei Gang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to explore the effect of polyurethane foam filler on the out‐of‐plane compressive property and low‐velocity impact resistance of the orthogonal corrugated sandwich panel by experimental method. The results show that foam filling increases the energy absorption and specific energy absorption of the orthogonal corrugated sandwich panel by 64.75% and 38.22% under compressive load, respectively. Furthermore, during compression, the filled foam causes the core strut undergo pure buckling failure and gradually folds rather than brittle fracture. Under low‐velocity impact, the strengthening effect of foam filling on the first peak load of the load–displacement of the orthogonal corrugated sandwich panel decreases with the increase of impact energy, while the inhibition effect on the impactor drop increases with the increase of impact energy. The results can provide a reference for the design and optimization of foam‐filled hybrid sandwich structures.Highlights
The compressive property and low‐velocity impact resistance of the foam‐filled orthogonal corrugated sandwich panel are tested.
The effect of foam filling on the mechanical properties of the orthogonal corrugated sandwich panel is obtained by comparing the out‐of‐plane compressive response and low‐velocity impact response of the empty and foam‐filled orthogonal corrugated sandwich panel and foam sandwich panel.
Foam filling can improve the load‐bearing property and energy‐absorbing capacity of the orthogonal corrugated sandwich panel and make it more stable progressive damage.
Second‐Trimester Ultrasound Receipt Mediates the Relationship Between Public Insurance and Prenatal Diagnosis of a Congenital Heart Defect
Authors: Woo Joyce L. , Gandhi Rupali , Laternser Christina , Iyengar Tara , Yee Lynn M. , Grobman William A. , Davis Matthew M. , Patel Angira , Johnson Joyce T. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo delineate the mechanism behind insurance‐related disparities in the prenatal diagnosis of a congenital heart defect (CHD).MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of electronic health records of pregnant individuals whose infants received CHD surgery between 2019 and 2020 in the third‐largest United States metropolitan area. The outcome was whether a prenatal diagnosis was received. The exposure was the pregnant individual's insurance status. The mediator was second‐trimester ultrasound receipt. Control variables included sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the pregnant individual and infant. The relationships between exposure, mediator, and outcome were quantified using mediation analysis with multivariable fixed‐effects regression.ResultsIn total, 496 pregnant individuals met inclusion criteria; 215 (43.3%) were publicly insured and 305 (61.5%) had prenatal diagnosis. In bivariate regressions, public insurance was associated with a 12.6% lower probability (CI 3%–21%) of prenatal diagnosis. In multivariable models, public insurance was associated with 13.2% lower probability (CI 2%–25%) of second‐trimester ultrasound receipt but was no longer associated with prenatal diagnosis after adjusting for second‐trimester ultrasound receipt, suggesting a possible mediation effect. Mediation analysis confirmed that second‐trimester ultrasound receipt mediated 39% of the relationship between public insurance and prenatal diagnosis.ConclusionAn appreciable portion of insurance‐related differences in prenatal CHD diagnosis is due to the lower frequency of second‐trimester ultrasound receipt among those with public insurance.
Optimizing the synthesis conditions of CaAl‐layered double hydroxide and poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate)/CaAl‐LDH nanocomposite for potential use in antibacterial drug delivery
Authors: Singh Rinki , Kumari Satti Venu Gopala , Pakshirajan Kannan , Pugazhenthi G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCalcium aluminum layered double hydroxide (CaAl‐LDH) has gained significance for drug delivery applications due to its multiple advantages, including high drug‐loading capacity, pH sensitivity, biocompatibility, high acceptable intake values of metal ions, and its ability to provide sustained release of the intercalated drug. In this study, pristine CaAl‐LDH was synthesized by co‐precipitation method at different pH values (9 and 10) and aging times (16 and 24 h) to obtain LDH with higher d‐spacing, which is beneficial for achieving a high drug loading efficiency. Ofloxacin (OFX), an antibiotic drug, was loaded into CaAl‐LDH via regeneration (CaAl‐LDH‐OFX(RG)) and co‐precipitation (CaAl‐LDH‐OFX(CPT)) methods, and achieved drug loading of 28.3% and 36.5%, respectively. The release behavior of OFX from CaAl‐LDH‐OFX(RG) and CaAl‐LDH‐OFX(CPT) formulations was examined in simulated conditions representing the gastrointestinal tract. CaAl‐LDH‐OFX(RG) showed less initial burst release of OFX compared to CaAl‐LDH‐OFX(CPT) in acidic as well as neutral pH conditions. In order to overcome the degradation of the drug before reaching the target site, CaAl‐LDH‐OFX(RG) was reinforced at 1, 3, and 5 wt% in poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) matrix by sonication‐assisted solution casting method. The PHB‐based nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TGA, and FTIR analyses. FESEM characterization of PHB‐based films loaded with 3 wt% of CaAl‐LDH‐OFX(RG) revealed compact morphology without any aggregate formation. Moreover, PHB/3CaAl‐LDH‐OFX(RG) films demonstrated sustained release of OFX at pH 1.2 (95.60% in 96 h), pH 6.8 (78% in 113 h), and pH 7.4 (40.90% in 107 h). The promising potential of PHB‐based formulations for antibacterial drug delivery systems was confirmed by their significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Highlights
pH and aging time influence the structural characteristics of pristine CaAl‐LDH.
Ofloxacin loaded CaAl‐LDH prepared by co‐precipitation and regeneration methods.
Sustained release of ofloxacin from poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐based formulation.
Poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐based formulations exhibit excellent antibacterial activity.
Enhanced Electroacoustic Tomography with Supervised Learning for Real‐time Electroporation Monitoring
Authors: Jiang Zhuoran , Xu Yifei , Sun Leshan , Srinivasan Shreyas , Wu Q. Jackie , Xiang Liangzhong , Ren Lei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundNanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF)‐based electroporation is a new therapy modality potentially synergized with radiation therapy to improve treatment outcomes. To verify its treatment accuracy intraoperatively, electroacoustic tomography (EAT) has been developed to monitor in‐vivo electric energy deposition by detecting ultrasound signals generated by nsPEFs in real‐time. However, utility of EAT is limited by image distortions due to the limited‐angle view of ultrasound transducers.MethodsThis study proposed a supervised learning‐based workflow to address the ill‐conditioning in EAT reconstruction. Electroacoustic signals were detected by a linear array and initially reconstructed into EAT images, which were then fed into a deep learning model for distortion correction. In this study, 56 distinct electroacoustic data sets from nsPEFs of different intensities and geometries were collected experimentally, avoiding simulation‐to‐real‐world variations. Forty‐six data were used for model training and 10 for testing. The model was trained using supervised learning, enabled by a custom rotating platform to acquire paired full‐view and single‐view signals for the same electric field.ResultsThe proposed method considerably improved the image quality of linear array‐based EAT, generating pressure maps with accurate and clear structures. Quantitatively, the enhanced single‐view images achieved a low‐intensity error (RMSE: 0.018), high signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR: 35.15), and high structural similarity (SSIM: 0.942) compared to the reference full‐view images.ConclusionsThis study represented a pioneering stride in achieving high‐quality EAT using a single linear array in an experimental environment, which improves EAT's utility in real‐time monitoring for nsPEF‐based electroporation therapy.
Transnational lives interrupted: The Canadian state and Indian international student experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Judge Neil Amber , Walton‐Roberts Margaret 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCanada has emerged as a major education destination for international students from across the world. International students are understood to significantly contribute towards the labour market and economic growth of Canada including the higher education sector that has come to financially rely on international students. India has emerged as the largest source of international students to Canada in recent years making them a significant category of migrants impacted by the covid‐19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown measures implemented by the Canadian state. This paper looks at the experiences of Indian international students already in Canada and prospective students in India planning to pursue their studies in Canada. The pandemic delayed international education plans for many students in India while causing significant disruption to the studies, employment, and living arrangements of international students in Canada. Such disruptions created considerable uncertainty over their financial situation including meeting various eligibility requirements for work permit after graduation. This paper reveals the deeply embodied and personalised consequences for students in the face of state responses to balancing pandemic control and retaining financial and economic contribution during the pandemic.
Towards a safe haven: Students from post‐Soviet countries pursuing education in Sweden during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ginnerskov‐Dahlberg Mette 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article delves into the motivations and aspirations of students from post‐Soviet countries who opted for education in Sweden amid the COVID‐19 pandemic. In stark contrast to most nations which enforced stringent lockdown measures to curb the transmission of the coronavirus, Sweden adopted a relatively laissez‐faire approach, keeping significant sectors of society operational. While Sweden's strategy garnered considerable global scrutiny and critique, the students in this study exhibited a notable lack of apprehension regarding the global health crisis or Sweden's controversial approach to the pandemic. For these students, the COVID‐19 pandemic primarily manifested as a practical impediment to their forthcoming academic endeavours. Conversely, they perceived various enduring societal challenges in their countries of origin–such as unemployment, anxiety and distrust towards governmental authorities, and even armed conflict–as possessing a more entrenched and formidable nature, posing a greater threat to their overall well‐being. Against this backdrop, Sweden emerged as a perceived sanctuary capable of reinstating a state of ontological security, especially for the students identifying as members of the LGBTQ+ community and with political convictions frowned upon by the government of their home country. By focusing on the narratives of these individuals and adopting a conceptual framework that views ‘crisis’ as a relational construct, this study sheds light on the divergent experiences and perceptions of the COVID‐19 pandemic among international student cohorts. This approach underscores the nuanced and context‐dependent nature of their responses to the pandemic, emphasising the imperative of empirically accounting for these variations.
Transnational and localised constructions of wellbeing and health: International students’ anxious embodiments
Authors: Waters Johanna L. , Lee Jihyun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe global health crisis initiated by the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020–2021) brought to the fore issues around bodily health and safety within the internationalisation of higher education. Rarely have these concerns been discussed in relation to international students, despite them being a central issue for students themselves and their family members ‘back home’. In this paper, we draw upon in‐depth interviews with UK‐based international postgraduate students to discuss how concepts of safety and bodily health are constructed geographically and transnationally, in conversation with family members ‘back home’ and, conversely, in their embedded and emplaced experiences as international students. The COVID‐19 pandemic provides a useful lens for considering these issues as it brought them into sharp relief as never before.