bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL ACYLATIVE DEGRADATION OF URIC ACID. CARBON‐13 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF URIC ACID AND ITS DEGRADATION PRODUCTS
Authors: COXON B. , FATIADI A. J. , SNIEGOSKI L. T. , HERTZ H. S. , SCHAFFER R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHarnsäure (I) reagiert mit Isobuttersäureanhydrid (II) zu einem Folgeprodukt (III), mit Acetanhydrid entsteht (V).
ChemInform Abstract: UNCONVENTIONAL NUCLEOTIDE ANALOGS. XVII. RING‐TRANSFORMATIONS OF URACIL DIHALOCARBENE ADDUCTS
Authors: THIELLIER H. P. M. , KOOMEN G. J. , PANDIT U. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Uracil Halogencarben‐Addukte (I) unterliegen beim Erhitzen mit Alkoholen der Ringerweiterung zu Diazepinen: (Ia) ‐+ (II) und (Ib)‐(III).
ChemInform Abstract: SEVEN‐MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES. 24. SYNTHESIS OF 1,4‐DIAZEPINO(1,2‐A)INDOLES
Authors: HAERTER H. P. , SCHINDLER O. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Mannich‐Reaktion von (III) mit den Aldehyden (II) liefert die Diazepinoindolene (I).
ChemInform Abstract: AZABICYCLOALKANES AS ANALGETICS. VII. 1‐PHENYL‐3‐AZABICYCLO(3.3.1)NONANES
Authors: TAKEDA M. , KAWAMORI M. , NOGUCHI K. , NURIMOTO S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas aus dem Cyclohexanonderivat (I) erhältliche Cyanhydrin (II) liefert mit Thionyl‐ Chlorid in Pyridin das ungesättigte Nitril (III) als Gemisch von Stellungsisomeren.
ChemInform Abstract: QUINAZOLINES AND 1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINES. 80. 1‐HYDROXY‐1,3‐DIHYDRO‐2H‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPIN‐2‐ONE, A HYDROXAMIC ACID VIA AN AMIDINE N‐OXIDE
Authors: NING R. Y. , FRYER R. I. , SLUBOSKI B. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Behandlung mit m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure erhält man aus 7‐Chlor‐2‐amino‐5‐phenyl‐3 H‐l ,4‐benzodiazepin‐4‐oxid (I) das Di‐N‐oxid (II), das mit verd. Eisessig zum N‐Hydroxy‐Derivat (IIIa) verseift wird.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐BORYL SHIFTS AT THE CARBON‐CARBON‐OXYGEN SKELETON
Authors: PAETZOLD P. , BIERMANN H.‐P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der gleichmolaren Umsetzung der Borane (I) mit der Hg‐Verbindung (II) entsteht das reine Methoxycarbonylmethylboran (IIIa) (Ausb. 44%) oder das reine Vinyloxyboran (IVd) (58%) oder Gemische beider Verbindungen (IIIb)/(IVb) und (IIIc)/(IVc) (Gesamtausb.
ChemInform Abstract: PYROLYSIS OF TRIMETHYLBORANE. PART 2. FORMATION OF CARBABORANES AND OTHER BORON‐CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
Authors: BROWN M. P. , HOLLIDAY A. K. , WAY G. M. , WHITTLE R. B. , WOODARD C. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMittels Gaschromatographie und Massenspektroskopie wird die Pyrolyse von Trimethylboran untersucht, wobei der Einfluß von Reaktionsdauer und Temperatur erörtert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: OLIGO(DIFLUOROPHOSPHORANES) BY DIRECT FLUORINATION OF TERTIARY PHOSPHINES
Authors: RUPPERT I. , BASTIAN V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie oxidative Fluorierung der phenyl‐ und methylsubstituierten Polymethylen‐bis‐ [phosphine] (I) und?er Phosphine (III) gelingt durch Einleiten eines mit Inertgas verdünnten Fluorstroms (20 ml/min) und führt zu den NMR‐spektroskopisch charakterisierten Oligodifluorphosphoranen (II) bzw. (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO VINYL SELENIDES AND VINYL SELENOXIDES
Authors: SEVRIN M. , DUMONT W. , KRIEF A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Behandlung mit Methyliodid erhält man aus den Selenoacetalen (I) über die Salze (II) die Vinylselenide (III) unter Eliminierung von Methylseleniden (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: COMPOUNDS OF ZINC WITH HYDROXYETHYLIDENEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID
Authors: URINOVICH E. M. , BIKHMAN B. I. , SMIRNOVA V. A. , SELIVANOVA E. B. , GUREBICH M. Z. , ZHADANOV B. V. , SHUGAL N. F. , ADAMOVA G. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractZn‐nitrat oder ‐oxid bildet mit dem Titelliganden unter Zugabe von NaOH in wäßriger Lösung abhängig vom molaren Reaktantenverhältnis und dem NaOH/Ligand‐Verhältnis die als Hydrate isolierten Komplexe (I)‐(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: X‐RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF THE BINDING OF METHYLMERCURY BY THE SULFUR AMINO‐ACID DL‐PENICILLAMINE‐ MODELS FOR METHYLMERCURY POISONING OF PROTEINS
Authors: WONG Y. S. , CARTY A. J. , CHIEH C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Reaktion entsprechender Mengen Methylquecksilberchlorid oder ′hydfoxid mit DL‐Penicillamin in 50% wäßrig‐ethanolischen Lösungen werden die Komplexe (I) und (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBONYL COMPLEXES OF CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM, AND TUNGSTEN CONTAINING SULFANE LIGANDS
Authors: HERBERHOLD M. , SUESS G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Photolyse der Metallhexacarbonyle in Gegenwart von Sulfiden liefert die monosubstituierten Derivate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF LARGE CATION SALTS CONTAINING COMPLEX TETRAHYDROBORATE ANIONS OF ALUMINUM, BERYLLIUM, AND URANIUM, AND DETERMINATION OF THE NATURE OF THE HYDROGEN BRIDGING IN THESE SALTS
Authors: BOND A. C. , HIMPSL F. L. JUN. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie lösungsmittelfreie Reaktion von Me4NBH4 mit den entsprechenden Metalltetrahydridoboraten liefert nahezu quantitativ die Salze (I) und (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF RHENIUM ALKYLS. CLUSTER ALKYLS OF RHENIUM(III) AND RHENIUM(IV), DIMERIC OCTAALKYL DINITROGEN COMPOUNDS OF RHENIUM(IV), DIRHENIUM(II) TETRAALLYL
Authors: MASTERS A. F. , MERTIS K. , GIBSON J. F. , WILKINSON G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Trirheniumnonachlorid (I) reagiert mit den Grignard‐Reagentien (II) zu den Trirheniumkomplexen (III), die mit Wasser oder Pyridin die ′Addukte (IV) bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES OF SUBSTITUTED ALKYNES. PART XVI. THE REACTIONS OF F SOME DIYNES WITH CYCLOPENTADIENYLCOBALT DICARBONYL AND IRON PENTACARBONYL‐ INTER‐ OR INTRA‐MOLECULAR CYCLIZATIONS.
Authors: DICKSON R. S. , MOK C. , CONNOR G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion des Diins (IIIa) mit der Co‐Carbonylverbindung (II) liefert durch intermolekulare Cyclisierung von zwei Diinen und CO die Komplexe (IV) und (V), wobei für (IV) drei chromatographisch trennbare Isomere nachgewiesen wurden.
ChemInform Abstract: CATIONIC RUTHENIUM(II) SYSTEMS. PART 1. THE PREPARATION AND REACTIVITY OF DIENE(HYDRAZINE)RUTHENIUM(II) CATIONS, AND THE FORMATION OF AMINO‐BONDED HYDRAZONE COMPLEXES
Authors: ASHWORTH T. V. , SINGLETON E. , HOUGH J. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEine Suspension des Polymeren (I) in Methanol liefert mit wasserfreiem Hydrazin nach Zugabe eines Anions die Hydrazinkomplexe (II).
ChemInform Abstract: AN ACID‐BASE MODEL FOR MIXED METAL DIMER FORMATION. ENTHALPIES OF DIMER CLEAVAGE AND ADDUCT FORMATION OF (Π‐METHYLALLYL)PALLADIUM(II) CHLORIDE DIMER AND A LOOK AT MIXED METALLOMERS
Authors: LI M. P. , DRAGO R. S. , PRIBULA A. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus den calorimetrisch ermittelten Enthalpien und Gleichgewichtskonstanten der Reaktion des Dimeren (I) in Benzol zu den Produkten (II) erfolgt die quantitative Charakterisierung dieser Pd(II)‐Lewissäure und die Bestimmung der Enthalpie der Dimerspaltung.
ChemInform Abstract: η‐BONDED KETONE COMPLEXES OF PLATINUM(0). THE PREPARATION OF COMPLEXES OF CHLOROPENTAFLUOROPROPAN‐2‐ONE AND 1,3‐DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROPROPAN‐2‐ONE AND THE KINETICS OF ISOMERIZATION OF (PT(η‐CF3COCF2CL)(PPH3)2) TO CIS‐(PTCL(CF2COCF3)(PPH3)2)
Authors: BURGESS J. , CHAMBERS J. G. , CLARKE D. A. , KEMMITT R. D. W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAbhängig vom Lösungsmittel, dem Ausganskomplex und der Reaktionszeit werden bei der Umsetzung der Olefin‐ und Acetylen‐bis‐[phosphin]‐Pt‐Komplexe (I) mit den Ketonen (II) die Oxaplatinacyclopropan‐Verbindungen (III) oder ihre Isomerisierungsprodukte (IV) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: EXTRACTIVES FROM GUTTIFERAE. PART 33. SYNTHESIS OF THE OZONOLYSIS PRODUCT FROM DIMETHYLMANGOSTIN, 1‐HYDROXY‐3,6,7‐TRIMETHOXY‐2,8‐BIS(2‐OXOETHYL)XANTHONE‐ SOME CARBON‐13 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRA OF XANTHONES
Authors: IDRIS M. S. B. H. , JEFFERSON A. , SCHEINMANN F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSelektive Demethylierung des (bereits früher dargestellten) Xanthons (Ia) mit konz. Schwefelsäure gibt die Dihydroxyverbindung (Ib), deren Allylierung die Derivate (IIa) bzw. (IIb) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: BACKBONE REARRANGEMENTS IN VITRO IN ACID MEDIUM. VII. ISOMERIZATION OF ETHYLENIC 17‐HYDROXY STEROIDS‐ POSSIBILITY OF A CONCERTED MECHANISM IN THE REARRANGEMENT OF THE C AND D RINGS
Authors: CHAVIS C. , MARCHAND J. , BASCOUL J. , DE PAULET A. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGrüstumlagerungen in vitro in saurem Medium.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 5β‐CHOL‐7‐EN‐6‐ONE ANALOGS OF ECDYSONE FROM CHOLIC ACID
Authors: DIAS J. R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus Cholsäure (Ia) wird über die Derivate (Ib)‐(Ie) der Dinitroxyester (If) dargestellt und zu dem Olefin (IIa) dehydratisiert, aus dem durch reduktive Abspaltung der Nitrogruppen und anschließende Acetylierung das Diacetat (IIb) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC INDUCTION IN THE SYNTHESIS OF THIOPHENE‐CONTAINING STEROIDLIKE MOLECULES VIA OLEFINIC CYCLIZATION. PRECOILING AS MODEL DESCRIPTION FOR THE STEREOCHEMICAL COURSE OF THE REACTION
Authors: MACCO A. A. , DE BROUWER R. , BUCK H. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus den Thienylketonen (Ia) und (Ib) erhält man nach Wittig die Olefine (III), die nach der Hydrierung über Ester (IVa) und Carbinole (IVb) in die Aldehyde (IVc) übergeführt werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: BORON COMPOUNDS. 45. 6‐DEOXY‐O‐ACYL‐α‐L‐MANNOFURANOSES VIA O‐ETHYLBORANEDIYL DERIVATIVES
Authors: DAHLHOFF W. V. , KOESTER R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Herstellung verschiedener Zucker‐Borderivate wird beschrieben Aus der 6‐Desoxy‐a‐L‐mannopyranose (I) und Triethylbor (II) erhält man Substitutionsprodukte (III) bzw. (IV) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF N‐SUBSTITUTED ISOQUINOLONES. MODEL FOR THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF ISOQUINOLONE ALKALOIDS
Authors: RUCHIRAWAT S. , BORVORNVINYANANT U. , HANTAWONG K. , THEBTARANONTH Y. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus den Papaveriniumhalogeniden (I) erhält man mit Natronlauge die Enamine (II), die in Benzol mit Sauerstoff in Gegenwart von Kupfer(I)‐chlorid zu den Isochinolonen (III) gespalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. V. SYNTHESES OF DIHYDROLYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: NAKAHARA Y. , NIWAGUCHI T. , ISHII H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Hydrierung von LSD (I) mit Wasserstoff an Pd/Cwird Dihydrolysergsäurediethylamid (II) erhalten, während die Hydrierung von Iso‐LSD (III) ein Gemisch aus den Dihydroverbindungen (IV) und (V) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: UNCONVENTIONAL NUCLEOTIDE ANALOGS. XVIII. RING EXPANSION OF URIDINE HALOCARBENE ADDUCTS. SYNTHESIS OF DIAZEPINE NUCLEOSIDES
Authors: THIELLIER H. P. M. , KOOMEN G. J. , PANDIT U. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie diastereomeren Uridin‐ Halogencarbon‐Addukte (I) und (III) geben beim Erhitzen in Alkoholen die gleichen Diazepin‐Nucleoside (II) (beim Erhitzen in Me3C‐OH entstehen immer nur Einzelprodukte; (IIa) dagegen ist ein Gemisch von C‐7‐Epimeren).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE METHYLCITRIC ACIDS FORMED IN THE CITRATE SYNTHASE REACTION WITH PROPIONYL‐COA
Authors: BRANDAENGE S. , JOSEPHSON S. , MAEHLEN A. , MOERCH L. , SWEETMAN L. , VALLEN S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie durch Schweineherz‐Citrat‐Synthase vermittelte Reaktion zwischen Propionyl‐Coenzym A und Oxalacetat führt zur Bildung der isomeren Methylcitronensäuren (Ia) und (Ib) in einer Gesamtausbeute von 10‐15% (das Verhältnis von (Ia):(Ib) schwankt zwischen 0.3 und 3).
ChemInform Abstract: A SYNTHESIS OF FLAVINS BY NITROSATIVE CYCLIZATION OF 6‐(N‐ALKYLANILINO)URACILS WITH N‐NITROSODIMETHYLAMINEPHOSPHORUS OXYCHLORIDE MIXTURE
Authors: YONEDA F. , SHINOZUKA K. , SAKUMA Y. , SENGA K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA Synthesis of Flavins by Nitrosative Cyclization of ö‐(N‐Alkylanilinomracils with N‐Nitrosodimethylamine‐Phosphorus Oxychloride Mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF CONJUGATED ALLENIC CARBONYL COMPOUNDS. THE SYNTHESIS OF TWO BARK BEETLE PHEROMONES
Authors: CLINET J. C. , LINSTRUMELLE G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLithiumallenverbindungen (I) reagieren mit N,N‐Dimethylamiden (II) und liefern nach anschließender milder Hydrolyse Allenketone und Allenaldehyde (III) ohne Acetylennebenprodukte.
ChemInform Abstract: MIMOSAMYCIN, A NOVEL ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCED BY STREPTOMYCES LAVENDULAE NO. 314‐ STRUCTURE AND SYNTHESIS
Authors: FUKUMI H. , KURIHARA H. , HATA T. , TAMURA C. , MISHIMA H. , KUBO A. , ARAI T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMimasamycin besitzt nach Abbau‐ und spektroskopische Reaktionen die Struktur (I).
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION AND 6α‐SUBSTITUTION OF 6β‐(2‐CARBOXY) KETENIMINO PENICILLINS
Authors: TAYLOR A. W. , BURTON G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReaktionen an Ketenimino‐penicillinen werden untersucht, die z.B. aus den Amiden (I) oder den Imidchloriden (VI) oder (IX) erhalten werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYOXIN ANALOGS. III. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AMINOACYL DERIVATIVES OF POLYOXINS C AND L
Authors: AZUMA T. , SAITA T. , ISONO K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Synthese der Aminoacylderivate (I) bzw. (II) von Polyoxin C (R1 = H) bzw. Polyoxin L (R = H) wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: GIBBERELLINS, LIX. THE PREPARATION OF 3‐EPIGIBBERELLIN A3
Authors: VOIGT B. , ADAM G. , KOBRINA N. S. , SEREBRYAKOV E. P. , ZELINSKY N. D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAls brauchbare Darstellungsmethode erweist sich die Reduktion von 3‐Dehydro‐GA3 (I) mit überschüssigem NaBH4 in Methanol, wobei das gewünschte 3‐epi‐GA3 (II) als Hauptprodukt neben GA3, GA, und B‐epi‐GA, entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: GIBBERELLINS, LX. ACID‐CATALYZED HYDROLYSIS OF 15α‐HYDROXYGIBBERELLIC ACID (7 → 15α)‐LACTONE
Authors: VOIGT B. , ADAM G. , SEREBRYAKOV E. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Titellacton (I) entstehen als Hauptprodukt die Monolactonsäure (II) und als Nebenprodukte in geringer Menge die Monolactonsäure (III) und die Dicarbonsäure (IV).
A novel automatable enzyme-coupled colorimetric assay for endo-1,4-β-glucanase (cellulase)
Authors: Mangan David , Cornaggia Claudio , McKie Vincent , Kargelis Tadas , McCleary Barry V. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

endo-1,4-β-Glucanase (endo-cellulase, EC 3.2.1.4) is one of the most widely used enzymes in industry. Despite its importance, improved methods for the rapid, selective, quantitative assay of this enzyme have been slow to emerge. In 2014, a novel enzyme-coupled assay that addressed many of the limitations of the existing assay methodology was reported. This involved the use of a bifunctional substrate chemically derived from cellotriose. Reported herein is a much improved version of this assay employing a novel substrate, namely 4,6-O-(3-ketobutylidene)-4-nitrophenyl-β-d-cellopentaoside.
What can we learn from Plausible Values?
Authors: Marsman Maarten , Maris Gunter , Bechger Timo , Glas Cees 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we show that the marginal distribution of plausible values is a consistent estimator of the true latent variable distribution, and, furthermore, that convergence is monotone in an embedding in which the number of items tends to infinity. We use this result to clarify some of the misconceptions that exist about plausible values, and also show how they can be used in the analyses of educational surveys.
Turbulent drag in a rotating frame
Authors: Campagne Antoine , Machicoane Nathanaël , Gallet Basile , Cortet Pierre-Philippe , Moisy Frédéric 
Published: April 2016

What is the turbulent drag force experienced by an object moving in a rotating fluid? This open and fundamental question can be addressed by measuring the torque needed to drive an impeller at a constant angular velocity ${\it\omega}$ in a water tank mounted on a platform rotating at a rate ${\it\Omega}$. We report a dramatic reduction in drag as ${\it\Omega}$ increases, down to values as low as 12 % of the non-rotating drag. At small Rossby number $Ro={\it\omega}/{\it\Omega}$, the decrease in the drag coefficient $K$ follows the approximate scaling law $K\sim Ro$, which is predicted in the framework of nonlinear inertial-wave interactions and weak-turbulence theory. However, stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements indicate that this drag reduction instead originates from a weakening of the turbulence intensity in line with the two-dimensionalization of the large-scale flow.
The Effects of Smoking Cessation on the Risk Factors for the Metabolic Syndrome: A Follow-Up Study of Veterans
Authors: Sharip Akbar , Firek Anthony , Tonstad Serena 
Published: April 2016

Objective: To evaluate the impact of short-term smoking cessation on Metabolic Syndrome (Mets) component risk factors, and hormones related to MetS and human metabolism.Methods: Smoking veterans with MetS, attending stop smoking class, were followed up close to one year. Paired comparisons between after the follow up and baseline data were made using t-test.Results: A total of 95 smoking veterans with MetS completed average close to one year follow up. Thirty subjects completely quit for the average of 6 months, while 36 subjects continued smoking during the follow up. At the end of study, quitters average waist circumference increased 2.98 cm (0.69–5.27), weight increased 2.05 kg (−0.03 to 4.13), HDL cholesterol increased 4.17 mg/dl (1.03–7.32), triglyceride decreased 56.17 mg/dl ((−1.96 to 111.20), and MetS prevalence decreased 13% (p = 0.05). The changes in ghrelin were moderately positively associated with duration of quitting smoking (R2 = 43.99, and p < 0.01).Conclusion: Compared to the baseline, quitters HDL was up, triglyceride was down, and overall MetS prevalence was lower. The longer the duration of quitting, bigger the increase in ghrelin. There were no significant changes in serum leptin, ghrelin, serum insulin, and insulin resistance after quitting smoking.
REAL LOVE VERSUS REAL LIFE: YOUTH, MUSIC AND UTOPIA IN FREETOWN, SIERRA LEONE
Authors: Stasik Michael 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe most popular music among youths in Sierra Leone's capital Freetown is music dealing with love. While the music, which is mainly of foreign origin, evokes idealized images of ‘real love’, the real-life relationships of its young audiences are characterized by chronic states of emotional uncertainty and dissatisfaction. Economic disparities lead to an increasing monetization of young people's relationships, driving them either into a fragile flux of multiple partners or out of intimate engagements altogether. Taking this ‘dissonance’ between sonic representations and social relations as a point of departure, in this article I explore the ways in which young Freetonians position themselves at the juncture of desire and reality. After an introduction to Freetown's contemporary music scene, I juxtapose various life and love stories of youths with the fantasies they invest in ‘love music’. In so doing, I discuss the complex relationships between affect, exchange, deprivation and the strictures involved in attaining social adulthood. Drawing on the notion of utopia – denoting a desired yet unattainable state – I argue that it is within the experiential gap between the consumption of a representation and the desire to live (up to) that representation that Freetown's youths rework their horizons of possibilities.
THE ONTOGENY OF HYENA REPRESENTATIONS AMONG THE HARARI PEOPLE OF ETHIOPIA
Authors: Baynes-Rock Marcus 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTEmploying a theoretical framework developed by ecologist Paul Shepard, I explore here the ways in which Harari people's representations of spotted hyenas develop in tandem with their ontogenesis. The Harari word for hyena,waraba, takes on different meanings depending on the socialization of Harari individuals and the particular life stages of these persons. In early childhood,warabais a terrifying beast of the imagination. As children mature, their initial conceptions are overturned as they learn that local hyenas are in fact peaceful; it is the hyenas from beyond Harar's borders whom they learn to fear. Throughout and beyond middle childhood, representations of hyenas are employed in folktales, songs, chants and idioms to represent other humans while at the same time reflecting an engagement with the local hyenas. The representations culminate in the conception ofDerma Sheikh: the reliable, protective, religious hyena who shares the same interest in peace and security as the Hararis. In Harar, representations of hyenas reflect an attention to what hyenas do ‘out there’ in the streets and in the surrounding farmland. They speak of a level of engagement with hyenas as persons: one that is atypical of an ‘urbanized, industrialized’ society.
CYBERCRIME, POLICE WORK AND STORYTELLING IN WEST AFRICA
Authors: Beek Jan 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIn West Africa, both cyber fraud and cyber policing are mainly about storytelling. Based on fieldwork in the Ghanaian police, this article explores criminal investigations of email scams; it shows how actors rely on, make use of, lose faith in and reinvent stories. Each cyber fraud case can be understood as a series of connected tales, and all involved try to change the direction of the narrative. While the first tale takes place in virtual spaces between continents, the later ones are located in Ghana and are about police work there. The actors' stories both tap into and create social imaginaries, and the involved actors thereby craft conflicting notions of order and disorder. However, not only the fraudsters' stories but also the police officers' and victims' stories are often factually inaccurate and are partly fictional. Ultimately, all actor groups struggle to create believable stories under current conditions.
PRINTING EMPIRE: VISUAL CULTURE AND THE IMPERIAL ARCHIVE IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY VENICE
Authors: STOURAITI ANASTASIA 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the relationship between imperial expansion and popular visual culture in late seventeenth-century Venice. It addresses the impact of the military on the marketplace of print and examines the cultural importance of commercial printmaking to the visualization of colonial motifs during the 1684–99 war with the Ottoman Empire. Through a broad array of single-sheet engravings and illustrated books encompassing different visual typologies (e.g. maps, siege views, battle scenes, portraits of Venetian patricians, and representations of the Ottomans), the article re-examines key questions about the imperial dimensions of Venetian print culture and book history. In particular, it shows how warfare and colonial politics militarized the communication media, and highlights the manner in which prints engaged metropolitan viewers in the Republic's expansionist ventures. In so doing, the analysis demonstrates how the printing industry brought the visual spectacle of empire onto the centre stage of Venetian cultural life.
Poverty in the Human Rights Jurisprudence of the Nigerian Appellate Courts (1999–2011)
Authors: Okafor Obiora Chinedu , Ugochukwu Basil 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe major objective of this article is to examine the extent to which the human rights jurisprudence of the Nigerian appellate courts has been sensitive and / or receptive to the socio-economic and political claims of Nigeria's large population of the poor and marginalized. In particular, the article considers: the extent to which Nigerian human rights jurisprudence has either facilitated or hindered the efforts of the poor to ameliorate their own poverty; the kinds of conceptual apparatuses and analyses utilized by the Nigerian courts in examining the issues brought before it that concerned the specific conditions of the poor; and the key biases that are embedded in and shape Nigeria's jurisprudential orientation. The line of cases analysed in the article indicate that the Nigerian appellate courts, as elsewhere, possess great capacity, for good or ill, to impact public policy in the field of poverty reduction.