bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fluvial archive of the Middle and Lower Dnieper (a review)
Authors: Matoshko A.V. , Gozhik P.F. , Ivchenko A.S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInformation about the morphology and alluvial sediments of the Dnieper Valley is reviewed. The Dnieper Valley originated in the Late Miocene. The Middle Dnieper Valley is an intercontinental alluvial basin and the Lower Dnieper Valley is a shallow canyon that ends with a delta. Identification of the alluvial dynamic facies (channel, overbank, abandoned channel) is crucial for stratigraphical analysis. The dynamic facies form regular sequences - alluvial suites that combine into series. Individual suites and series are characterized by their mode of occurrence, facies composition, lithological features and expression in the modern landscape. Their stratigraphie position is established with reference to index beds and palaeontological, geochrono-logical and archaeological research, allowing them to be correlated along the valley. Correlation between different parts of the Dnieper system uses a combination of facies and geomorphological analyses, whereas correlation with other river systems makes use of mammalian and molluscan biostratigraphy. Global events (marine regressions and glaciations) that brought about similar reactions in different fluvial systems can be also used for correlation.
Reconstructing Late Quaternary fluvial process controls in the upper Aller Valley (North Germany) by means of numerical modeling
Authors: Veldkamp A. , Van den Berg M.W. , Van Dijke J.J. , Van den Berg van Saparoea R.M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe morpho-genetic evolution of the upper Aller valley (Weser basin, North Germany) was reconstructed using geological and géomorphologie data integrated within a numerical process model framework (FLUVER-2). The current relief was shaped by Pre-Elsterian fluvial processes, Elsterian and Saalian ice sheets, followed by Weichselian fluvial processes. Structural analysis based on subsurface data and morphological interpretations were used to reconstruct uplift/subsidence rates. A detailed analysis led to the hypothesis that we are dealing with either a NNW-SSE or a WSW-ENE oriented compression leading to uplift in the upper Aller valley. It is also hypothesised that the NNW-SSE compression might have caused strike-slip deformation leading to differential block movement and tilt. Two different uplift rate scenarios were reconstructed and used as a variable parameter in numerical modelling scenarios simulating the Late Quaternary longitudinal dynamics of the Aller. Each different scenario was run for 150.000 years and calibrated to the actual setting. The resulting model settings were consequently evaluated for their plausibility and validity. Subsequently, regional semi-3D simulations of valley development were made to test the two tectonic stress hypotheses. Differential tectonic uplift and regional tilt seems to have played an important role in shaping the current valley morphology in the upper Aller. Unfortunately, due to the uncertainties involved, we were unable to discriminate between the two postulated tectonic stress scenarios.
The impact of faults on the hydrogeological conditions in the Roer Valley Rift System: an overview
Authors: Bense V.F. , Van Balen R.T. , De Vries J.J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe hydrogeology of the Roer Valley Rift System is strongly influenced by the hydraulic properties of faults. The hydrogeological impact of faults is illustrated by examples from the SE Netherlands and the adjacent lignite mining areas within the Roer Valley Rift System, near Bonn in Germany. Hydraulic head discontinuities over the main faults in the latter area can be up to tens of meters as a result of extremely large groundwater extractions in combination with the relatively low conductivity of the main faults. Within the Netherlands, outside the mining areas, such large groundwater extractions do not take place, and groundwater fluxes are smaller. In this situation natural hydraulic head differences over the main faults are limited to several meters. Hydraulic head profiles over faults provide a first estimate of fault hydraulic properties that can be quantified using simple analytical solutions. The impact of faults on near surface processes is reflected in vegetation patterns and the structure of drainage networks, aquifer structure and hydraulic head patterns. Faults can thus be of great influence on transport processes in the subsurface as well as on water-related phenomena at the surface, and should accordingly be taken into consideration in studies related to water-management, contamination and environmental impact. Faults that have an enhanced vertical permeability are difficult to detect when horizontal groundwater flow is studied, which is probably the main reason why they are rarely described. Though, these faults may form important preferential paths to vertical groundwater flow.
Revised Pre-Devensian glacial stratigraphy in Norfolk, England, based on mapping and till provenance
Authors: Hamblin R.J.O. , Moorlock B.S.P. , Rose J. , Lee J.R. , Riding J.B. , Booth S.J. , Pawley S.M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMapping combined with till provenance studies have resulted in a re-appraisal of the pre-Devensian glacial stratigraphy of Norfolk, England. The traditional model invoked two formations, a North Sea Drift Formation (NSDF) overlain by a Lowestoft Formation, formed by co-existing ice-sheets originating in Scandinavia and Northern Britain respectively. The NSDF included three diamictons, the First, Second and Third Cromer tills. The Briton’s Lane Sands and Gravels were considered to overlie the Lowestoft Formation. However, our work has shown this stratigraphy to be untenable, and we propose a model of several glaciations instead of co-existing ice-sheets. In our revised stratigraphy, the oldest formation, the Happisburgh Formation (including the Happisburgh or First Cromer Till) includes massive, sandy tills derived from northern Britain. The overlying Lowestoft Formation, including the Second Cromer (Walcott) Till is confirmed as derived from the west, introducing much Jurassic material as well as Chalk. The Sheringham Cliffs Formation includes both brown sandy tills (the Third Cromer Till) and ‘marly drift’, in a variety of tectonic relationships, and derived from the north and NNW. Finally the Briton’s Lane Formation is the only formation to include Scandinavian erratics. Dating of the four formations is at varying levels of confidence, with the Lowestoft Formation most confidently confirmed as MIS 12. The Happisburgh Formation is believed to represent an earlier glaciation, and MIS 16 is proposed. The Sheringham Cliffs Formation is tentatively believed to date from MIS 10, and the Briton’s Lane Formation is assigned to MIS 6.
Cenozoic stratigraphy in the Danish North Sea Basin
Authors: Konradi P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper provides a concise review of investigations into the Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Danish North Sea Basin. In the Danish North Sea, mainly Pliocene and Pleistocene strata are found. Results of published seismic and sequence stratigraphic analyses are combined with biostratigraphic analyses and correlated to marine formations found onshore.
Subsurface structure of the Netherlands - results of recent onshore and offshore mapping
Authors: Duin E.J.T. , Doornenbal J.C. , Rijkers R.H.B. , Verbeek J.W. , Wong Th.E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper presents depth maps for eight key horizons and seven thickness maps covering the onshore and offshore areas for the Late Permian to recent sedimentary section of the Netherlands. These maps, prepared in the context of a TNO regional mapping project, are supported by nine regional structural cross sections and a table summarizing the timing of tectonic activity from Carboniferous to recent. These new regional maps enable the delineation of various structural elements but also reveal the development of these elements through time with improved detail. Since the latest Carboniferous the tectonic setting of the Netherlands changed repeatedly. During successive tectonic phases several pre-existing structural elements were reactivated and new elements appeared. The various identified regional structural elements are grouped into six tectonically active periods: Late Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Late Jurassic, Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. This study demonstrates that many structural elements and fault systems were repeatedly reactivated and that a clear distinction exists between long-lived elements, such as the Roer Valley Graben, and short-lived structural elements, such as the Terschelling Basin.
An investigation into the genesis of an erratic (retro) eclogite block from Haren, Groningen, the Netherlands
Authors: Langendoen J. , van Roermund H.L.M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn boulder clays and glacial deposit sands, exposed in the northern part of the Netherlands, erratic blocks of (ultra)high pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks may be found that originate from the Baltic Shield (Scandinavia). The occurrence of (U)HP metamorphic rocks in Scandinavia is limited to: (1) isolated occurrences within the Scandinavian Caledonides (Western part of Scandinavia); (2) Sveconorvegian rocks from the Halland area, Southwest Sweden; and (3) Kola Peninsula (Northern Scandinavia). For this reason (U)HP rocks form excellent indicator pebbles/rocks that may be used to trace back the source area from where the erratic blocks, found in the Netherlands, were derived. An example of this, an erratic (retro) eclogite block found in Haren, is investigated in the present study using naked eye, light-optical and electron microprobe (EMP) techniques. EMP mineral analyses were used to reconstruct the PT conditions under which the (retro) eclogite was formed (T = 756 °C/min. P = 16,2 kb). This result, in combination with the mineral chemistry of the major rock forming minerals, provides evidence that this erratic block originates from the upper HP tectonic lens exposed in the Caledonian Seve Nappe Complex of Northern Jämtland, Sweden.
Mimomys hajnackensisfrom the Pliocene of the Netherlands
Authors: Mayhew D.F. , Dieleman F.E. , Boele J. , Verhaard L. , van den Hoek Ostende L.W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe describe the occurrence in the Netherlands of three teeth ofMimomys hajnackensis(Arvicolidae, Rodentia) from three separate boreholes extending into matine deposits of the Maassluis Formation. These marine Pliocene/Early Pleistocene deposits at depth are overlain by, and interdigitate eastwards with, the freshwater deposits of the Waalre and Peize Formations (formerly known in part as the Tegelen Formation). Teeth identified asM. hajnackensishave not previously been described from the Netherlands although similar material has been reported from Pliocene deposits in Germany at Frechen and Hambach close to the Dutch border. The material described here comes from boreholes at the Polder de Biesbosch near Dordrecht, Diepenveen and Deventer. To our knowledge, these finds represent the oldest described rodent fossils from the Netherlands, corresponding to an absolute age of 2.9 to 3.3 Ma on the basis of comparison with other European localities, implying that the remains are reworked from older deposits.
Solar activity and its influence on climate
Authors: de Jager C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSolar activity, as manifested by its many equatorial as well as high-latitude components of short-term variability is regulated by the Sun’s dynamo. This constitutes an intricate interplay between the solar toroidal and poloidal magnetic field components. The dynamo originates in the tachocline, which is a thin layer situated about 200,000 km beneath the solar surface. The dynamo is a non-linear system with deterministic chaotic elements, hence in principle unpredictable. Yet there are regularities in the past behaviour, such as the Grand Maxima (example: the recent high maximum of the 2nd half of the 20th century) the Grand Minima (e.g. the Maunder Minimum between 1650 and 1710) and the Regular Oscillations such as those between 1730 and 1923. Their occurrences are described by a phase diagram in which a specific point can be identified: the Transition Point. This diagram plays an essential role in determining the future solar activity. Guided by its quasi-regularities and by recent measurements of the solar magnetic fields we find that the Sun is presently undergoing a transition between the past Grand Maximum and a forthcoming period of Regular Oscillations. We forecast that this latter period will start in a few years and will continue for at least one Gleissberg cycle and that the next solar maximum (expected for 2014) will be low (Rmax ~ 68).We discuss the heliospheric drivers of Sun-climate interaction and find that the low-latitude magnetic regions contribute most to tropospheric temperatures but that also the influence of the - so far always neglected - polar activity is significant. Subtraction of these components from the observed temperatures of the past 400 years shows a residual series of relative peaks and dips in the temperature. These tops and lows last for periods of the order of the Gleissberg cycle. One of these is the recent period of global warming, which, from this point of view, is not an exceptional period.
The age and origin of the Gelderse IJssel
Authors: Makaske B. , Maas G.J. , van Smeerdijk D.G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Gelderse IJssel is the third major distributary of the Rhine in the Netherlands and diverts on average ~15% of the Rhine discharge northward. Historic trading cities are located on the Gelderse IJssel and flourished in the late Middle Ages. Little is known about this river in the early Middle Ages and before, and there is considerable debate on the age and origin of the Gelderse IJssel as a Rhine distributary. A small river draining the surrounding Pleistocene uplands must have been present in the IJssel valley during most of the Holocene, but very diverse opinions exist as to when this local river became connected to the Rhine system (and thereby to a vast hinterland), and whether this was human induced or a natural process. We collected new AMS radiocarbon evidence on the timing of beginning overbank sedimentation along the lower reach of the Gelderse IJssel. Our data indicate onset of overbank sedimentation at about 950 AD in this reach. We attribute this environmental change to the establishment of a connection between the precursor of the IJssel and the Rhine system by avulsion. Analysis of previous conventional radiocarbon dates from the upper IJssel floodplain yields that this avulsion may have started ~600 AD. Our results contradict earlier suppositions, based on interpretation of archaeological data and historical accounts, that the Gelderse IJssel is much older and originated as a canal, dug under supervision of the Roman general Drusus.
Charcoal in soils of the Allerød-Younger Dryas transition were the result of natural fires and not necessarily the effect of an extra-terrestrial impact
Authors: van der Hammen T. , van Geel B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDuring the warm Bølling-Allerød interstadial, tree species migrated from their refugia in southern Europe northwards into the area within the present temperate climatic zone. It is evident from high levels of charcoal in fossil records in this region that, especially during the later part of the Bølling-Allerød interstadial, many fires occurred. The start of the Younger Dryas was characterised by rapid and intense cooling and rising water tables, with catastrophic effects on the vegetation. Thermophilous pine trees could not survive the cold Younger Dryas climate. Dead wood provided an abundant source of fuel for intense, large-scale fires seen in many records as a concentration of charcoal particles in so-called ’Usselo-soils’ dated to ca 10,95014C BP. A similar trend in increased charcoal indicating increased burning is seen at many sites across North America at this time and it has been suggested by Firestone et al. (2007) that this was caused by an explosion of extra-terrestrial material over northern North America, causing the Younger Dryas climate cooling and Megafaunal extinction. We argue that there is no need to invoke an extraterrestrial cause to explain the charcoal in the fossilized soils. The volume of forest trees that died as a result of the cold Younger Dryas climate would easily have supplied sufficient fuel for intense, large-scale fires and can be used to account for the concentration of charcoal particles. As soils were no longer covered by dense vegetation, much erosion occurred during the Younger Dryas and therefore, at many places, Usselo soils, rich in charcoal, were preserved under aeolian sand dunes.
Reservoir modelling of heterolithic tidal deposits: sensitivity analysis of an object-based stochastic model
Authors: Geel C.R. , Donselaar M.E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObject-based stochastic modelling techniques are routinely employed to generate multiple realisations of the spatial distribution of sediment properties in settings where data density is insufficient to construct a unique deterministic facies architecture model. Challenge is to limit the wide range of possible outcomes of the stochastic model. Ideally, this is done by direct validation with the ‘real-world’ sediment distribution. In a reservoir setting this is impossible because of the limited data density in the wide-spaced wells. In this paper this uncertainty is overcome by using size, shape and facies distributions of tidal channel and tidal flat sand bodies in a highly data-constrained lithofacies architecture model as input for the object-based stochastic model. The lithofacies architecture model was constructed from a densely perforated (Cone Penetration Tests and cored boreholes) tidal estuarine succession of the Holocene Holland Tidal Basin in the Netherlands. The sensitivity of the stochastic model to the input parameters was analysed with the use of varying tidal channel width and thickness values and calculating the connected sand volume per well for the different scenarios. The results indicated that for a small well drainage radius the difference in drainable volumes between the narrowest and the widest channel scenarios is large, and that for a large well drainage radius the tidal channel width hardly influenced the drainable volume. The sensitivity analysis highlighted the importance of sand-dominated tidal flats in improving lateral connectivity.
Using a One Health approach to assess the impact of parasitic disease in livestock: how does it add value?
Authors: RUSHTON JONATHAN , BRUCE MIEGHAN 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYHuman population increases, with greater food demands, have resulted in a rapid evolution of livestock food systems, leading to changes in land and water use. The scale of global livestock systems mean that changes in animal health status, particularly in parasite levels, have impacts that go beyond farm and sector levels. To quantify the true impact of parasites in livestock, frameworks that look at both resources and services valued in markets and those that have no true market value are required. Mitigating the effects of parasitic disease in livestock will not only increase productivity, but also improve animal welfare and human health, whilst reducing the environmental burden of livestock production systems. To measure these potential benefits, a One Health approach is needed. This paper discusses the types of methods and the data collection tools needed for a more holistic perspective and provides a framework with its application to coccidiosis in poultry. To build a body of knowledge that allows the ranking of parasite diseases in a wider animal health setting, such One Health frameworks need to be applied more frequently and with rigour. The outcome will improve the allocation of resources to critical constraints on parasite management.
Apicomplexans pulling the strings: manipulation of the host cell cytoskeleton dynamics
Authors: CARDOSO RITA , SOARES HELENA , HEMPHILL ANDREW , LEITÃO ALEXANDRE 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYInvasive stages of apicomplexan parasites require a host cell to survive, proliferate and advance to the next life cycle stage. Once invasion is achieved, apicomplexans interact closely with the host cell cytoskeleton, but in many cases the different species have evolved distinct mechanisms and pathways to modulate the structural organization of cytoskeletal filaments. The host cell cytoskeleton is a complex network, largely, but not exclusively, composed of microtubules, actin microfilaments and intermediate filaments, all of which are modulated by associated proteins, and it is involved in diverse functions including maintenance of cell morphology and mechanical support, migration, signal transduction, nutrient uptake, membrane and organelle trafficking and cell division. The ability of apicomplexans to modulate the cytoskeleton to their own advantage is clearly beneficial. We here review different aspects of the interactions of apicomplexans with the three main cytoskeletal filament types, provide information on the currently known parasite effector proteins and respective host cell targets involved, and how these interactions modulate the host cell physiology. Some of these findings could provide novel targets that could be exploited for the development of preventive and/or therapeutic strategies.
Seroprevalence of antibodies toRickettsia typhiin the Waikato region of New Zealand
Authors: LIM M. Y. , WEINSTEIN P. , BELL A. , HAMBLING T. , TOMPKINS D. M. , SLANEY D. 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYThe first reported New Zealand-acquired case of murine typhus occurred near Auckland in 1989. Since then, 72 locally acquired cases have been recorded from northern New Zealand. By 2008, on the basis of the timing and distribution of cases, it appeared that murine typhus was escalating and spreading southwards. To explore the presence ofRickettsia typhiin the Waikato region, we conducted a seroprevalence study, using indirect immunofluorescence, Western blot, and cross-adsorption assays of blood donor samples. Of 950 human sera from Waikato, 12 (1·3%) hadR. typhiantibodies. The seroprevalence forR. typhiwas slightly higher in northern Waikato (1·4%) compared to the south (1·2%; no significant difference,χ2P= 0·768 atP< 0·05). Our results extend the reported southern range ofR. typhiby 140 km and indicate it is endemic in Waikato. Evidence of pastRickettsia felisinfections was also detected in six sera. Globally,R. felisis an emerging disease of concern and this pathogen should also be considered when locally acquired rickettsiosis is suspected. If public health interventions are to be implemented to reduce the risk of rickettsioses as a significant public health problem, improvements in rickettsial diagnostics and surveillance will be necessary.