bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of the bacteriomes harboured by major wireworm pest species in the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Drahun Ivan , Morrison Keagan , Poole Elise A. , van Herk Willem G. , Cassone Bryan J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNearly all insects harbour bacterial communities that can have a profound effect on their life history, including regulating and shaping host metabolism, development, immunity and fitness. The bacteriomes of several coleopterans have been described; however, very little has been reported for wireworms. These long‐lived larvae of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are major agricultural pests of a variety of crops grown in the Canadian Prairies. Consequently, the goal of this study was to characterise the bacteriomes of five of the most significant pest species within the region: Limonius californicus, Hypnoidus abbreviatus, H. bicolor, Aeolus mellillus and Dalopius spp. To do this, we collected larvae from southern Manitoba fields (pre‐seeding) and carried out 16S rRNA sequencing on individual specimens. Our results indicate wireworms have diverse and taxon‐rich bacterial communities, with over 400 genera identified predominately from the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes. However, each species had nine or fewer genera comprising >80% of their bacteriome. Network analyses revealed some community structuring consistent among species, which may culminate in shaping/regulating host biology. Moreover, the microbial signatures were influenced by both ontogeny (early vs. late stage larvae) and reproductive strategy (sexual vs. parthenogenetic), with a myriad of other factors likely contributing to bacterial diversity that are impossible to resolve from our study. Overall, this metagenomics study represents the first to characterise the bacteriomes of wireworms in the Canadian Prairies and the findings could assist in the development of sustainable management strategies for these important agricultural pests.
SUN1 inhibits osteogenesis and promotes adipogenesis of human adipose‐derived stem cells by regulating α‐tubulin and CD36 expression
Authors: Fan Tingyu , Zhu Jinhui , Liu Wenqing , Qu Rongmei , Khan Asmat Ullah , Shi Yulian , Liu Jiaxuan , Zhou Zhitao , Xu Chujiang , Dai Jingxing , Ouyang Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSad and UNC84 domain 1 (SUN1) is a kind of nuclear envelope protein with established involvement in cellular processes, including nuclear motility and meiosis. SUN1 plays an intriguing role in human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs) differentiation; however, this role remains largely undefined. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of SUN1 in hASCs differentiation, as well as its underlying mechanisms. Employing siRNAs, we selectively downregulated SUN1 and CD36 expression. Microtubules were depolymerized using nocodazole, and PPARγ was activated using rosiglitazone. Western blotting was performed to quantify SUN1, PPARγ, α‐tubulin, CD36, OPN, and adiponectin protein expression levels. Alkaline phosphatase and Oil red O staining were used to assess osteogenesis and adipogenesis, respectively. Downregulated SUN1 expression increased osteogenesis and decreased adipogenesis in hASCs, concomitant with upregulated α‐tubulin expression and downregulated CD36 expression, alongside reduced nuclear localization of PPARγ. Microtubule depolymerization increased CD36 expression. Rescue experiments indicated that microtubule depolymerization counteracted the downregulated SUN1‐induced phenotypic changes. This study demonstrates that SUN1 influences the differentiation of hASCs towards osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, indicating its essential role in cell fate.
Can Monitoring Data of Forensically Important Blow Flies Be Transferred Between Cities?
Authors: Lutz Lena , Amendt Jens , Reckel Frank , Krebs Oliver , Klimpel Sven , Cunze Sarah 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe use of monitoring data to build prediction models for the abundance and activity of necrophagous blow flies is common practice in forensic entomology, but its advantages and disadvantages are still debated. A frequently asked question is the transferability of such species prediction models. So far no study has examined whether the assumption of low transferability of these data between cities and seasons holds true. In the present study, we evaluate whether models calibrated with a specific training data set from a specific place and time can be transferred to other data sets for different time periods and locations. We developed models using five different algorithms to predict the activity and abundance of four forensically relevant blow fly species (Calliphora vicina Robineau‐Desvoidy, Lucilia ampullacea Villeneuve, Lucilia caesar (Linnaeus), Lucilia sericata (Meigen)). The training data set was obtained from a single city, and the transferability of the models was evaluated using monitoring data from this and three other cities. The geographic transferability of the models was confirmed for all algorithms, but only for two species, C. vicina and L. sericata, and for two of the four cities. Lucilia caesar and L. ampullacea were rare in the test data set, and their species‐specific adaptation to environmental parameters was not captured by the models. Cities that did not work differed from the training data set in terms of climate and habitat features. To build generalised predictive models of blow fly abundance and activity, we need training data sets based on monitoring data from different regions, seasons and years to cover a wide range of environmental conditions. This is essential for describing and predicting natural variability.
What Are the Phylogenetic Limits to Pollinator Diversity?
Authors: Ollerton Jeff 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAlthough huge progress has been made over the past 200 years in identifying the diversity of pollinators of angiosperms and other plants, new discoveries continue to be made each year, especially in tropical areas and in the fossil record. In this perspective article I address the following questions: Just how diverse are the pollinators and what are the phylogenetic limits to that diversity? Which other groups of animals, not currently known to regularly engage with flowers, might be found to be pollinators in the future? Can we predict, from the fossil record and from discoveries in under‐researched parts of the world, which animal groups might turn out in the future to contain pollinators? I also discuss why adding to our knowledge of plant–pollinator interactions is important, but also stress that an incomplete knowledge may not be a bad thing if it means that remote, inaccessible and relatively pristine parts of the world remain that way.
Use of a Novel Artificial Intelligence Approach for a Faster and More Precise Computerized Facial Evaluation in Aesthetic Dentistry
Authors: Maniega‐Mañes Irene , Monterde‐Hernández Manuel , Mora‐Barrios Karla , Boquete‐Castro Ana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionAI is based on automated learning algorithms that use large bodies of information (big data). In the field of dentistry, AI allows the analysis of radiographs, intraoral images and other clinical recordings with unprecedented precision and speed. Facial analysis is known for helping dentists and patients achieve a satisfactory result when a restorative treatment must be realized. The objective of this study is to conduct a neural network‐based computerized facial analysis using Python programming language in order to valuate its efficacy in facial point detection.MethodsThe neural network was trained to identify the main facial and dental points: smile line, lips, size and for of the teeth, etc. A facial analysis was carried out using AI. A descriptive analysis was made with calculation of the mean and standard deviation (SD) of the precision and accuracy in each group. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the comparison of means between groups.ResultsAt the intersecting point between dentistry and technology, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are producing a change in the way modern dentistry is performed. The present study evidenced lesser variability in the execution times of the neural network compared with the DSD system. This indicates that the neural network affords more consistent and predictable results, representing a significant advantage in terms of time and efficacy.ConclusionThe neural network is significantly more efficient and consistent in performing facial analyses than the conventional DSD system. The neural network reduces the time needed to complete the analysis and shows lesser variability in its execution times.
Analysis of palatal marginal alveolar exostosis and palatal torus using cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Bittencourt Alexandre Pena Corrêa , Borba Alexandre Meireles , Gialain Ivan Onone , Volpato Luiz Evaristo Ricci 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to analyze palatal marginal alveolar exostosis (PMAE) and palatal torus (PT). Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the maxilla in multiplanar sections and volumetric renderings were used to assess this. PT and PMAE were classified according to location and morphology. Height, width, length, and thickness of the overlying mucosa were determined. The prevalence of PT and PMAE was assessed according to sex and age group. The correlation between the occurrence of PMAE and PT was also evaluated. A total of 385 CBCT scans were examined. PT was found in 38.70% of the sample and located more frequently in the middle third of the maxilla (52.35%) with a flat shape (42.95%). PMAE was found in 54.80% of the sample, bilaterally in 56.40% of the cases, and located more frequently in the molar region (62.42%) in the form of small nodules (36.97%). The mucosa covering PMAE was generally thicker than that over PT. The use of CBCT for the identification of PT and PMAE in vivo showed high frequencies of both conditions. The occurrence of PMAE was independent of the presence of PT.
Aromatherapy for Sleep Promotion in the ICU: Insights and Future Directions
Authors: Peng Chung‐hua , Wei Lien‐Chung 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe effects of inhaled aromatherapy on sleep quality in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) have been widely studied. Specific essential oil combinations have been highlighted for their potential to promote sleep in these patients.AimTo offer additional insights and future directions for the application of aromatherapy in improving sleep quality among critically ill patients, considering the current evidence and addressing gaps in research.DiscussionWhile certain blends of essential oils, such as lavender, Matricaria recutita, and neroli, have shown promise, other studies have produced mixed results regarding the optimal aromatherapy interventions. Integrating aromatherapy with other non‐pharmacological approaches, such as earplugs, eye masks, or music, may offer enhanced sleep benefits. Further research is needed to evaluate aromatherapy's effects on specific populations, such as intubated patients, and to assess feasibility, cost‐effectiveness, and potential adverse effects.ConclusionAromatherapy shows promise for improving sleep quality in critically ill patients but should be integrated with other evidence‐based, non‐pharmacological interventions. Addressing research gaps is crucial for developing comprehensive strategies to enhance sleep quality in ICU settings.
Characteristics of Clinical Supervision for Mental Health Nurses: A Survey Study Using the MCSS‐26
Authors: Ryu Hosu , Buus Niels , Naccarella Lucio , Gonge Henrik , Prematunga Roshani , Hamilton Bridget 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAim(s)To describe the characteristics and perceived effectiveness of clinical supervision mental health nurses are receiving and further explore any statistical correlations between the perceived effectiveness and satisfaction with the supervisee, supervisor and supervision characteristics.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to nurses working in public mental health services in Victoria, Australia. A universal recruitment approach was used, and 422 nurses participated in the survey. Of these, 220 nurses who are participating in clinical supervision were eligible for the MCSS‐26 survey.Data SourceA licensed MCSS‐26 questionnaire.ResultsMental health nurses in the studied environment were likely to receive individual supervision from a senior mental health nurse, with the most common frequency being monthly for 31–60 min, and half receiving it within their workplace location. Half of the participants chose their own supervisor. Our findings indicate that nurses who engage in clinical supervision outside of their immediate workplace and receive individual supervision from a nurse of the same grade perceive higher effectiveness. We also found that clinical nurses may find it most difficult to engage in effective clinical supervision due to time constraints.ConclusionThis study uniquely contributes to the current clinical supervision literature by reporting the uptake and detailed characteristics of supervision, a facet often overlooked in existing research.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThis study reported the characteristics of the supervision, supervisor and the supervisee that are associated with the effective clinical supervision. These insights can lead to tailored implementation strategies that consider the specific roles and settings of nurses.Reporting MethodCROSS (Sharma et al. 2021).Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Senegenin regulates the mechanism of insomnia through the Keap1/Nrf2/PINK1/Parkin pathway mediated by GAD67
Authors: Jia Honglin , Chen Xu , Liang Zhengting , Liang Ruining , Wu Jinhong , Hu Yanling , Cui Wenjun , Zhang Xingping 
Published: October 2024

SummaryGAD67 impacts insomnia as a key enzyme catalysing the conversion of glutamate (Glu) to gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). Senegenin enhances neuroprotection and is used widely to treat insomnia and other neurological diseases. This study aimed to investigate how senegenin regulates insomnia through a GAD67‐mediated signalling pathway. We measured GAD67 expression levels in insomnia patients and evaluated the expression levels of GAD67 and Keap1/Nrf2/Parkin/PINK1‐related cytokines following GAD67 lentiviral transfection in PC12 cells and in rat models. We also assessed cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential levels. Additionally, EEG/EMG was used to analyse the sleep phases of rats and to assess memory and exploration functions. Pathological changes and the expression of GAD67 and sleep‐related proteins in the hippocampus were examined. The results showed that GAD67 expression was increased in insomnia patients, ROS levels were elevated, and the mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased in the GAD67‐KD group. Insomnia rats exhibited changes in sleep rhythm, learning, and exploration dysfunction, pathological changes in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and differential expression of GAD67 and sleep‐related factors. Inhibitory neurofactor expression levels were decreased in insomnia rats, showing a positive correlation in the GAD67‐KD group and a negative correlation in the GAD67‐OE group. Conversely, excitatory factor expression levels were increased in insomnia rats, showing a positive correlation in the GAD67‐KD group and a negative correlation in the GAD67‐OE group. Senegenin intervention modulated cytokine expression levels. In conclusion, GAD67 negatively regulates insomnia, and senegenin can regulate insomnia by mediating the expression of cytokines in the GAD67‐regulated Keap1/Nrf2/Parkin/PINK1 pathway.
Self‐efficacy as a psychological resource in the management of stress suffered by ICU nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A prospective study on emotional exhaustion
Authors: Gil‐Almagro Fernanda , Carmona‐Monge F. Javier , García‐Hedrera Fernando J. , Peñacoba‐Puente Cecilia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care unit (ICU) nurses have experienced a high degree of stress during the COVID‐19 pandemic. While the literature on the consequences on emotional symptomatology is abundant, studies on the protective psychosocial variables that have contributed to buffering these consequences are scarcer.AimThis study analyses the role of self‐efficacy as a protective personality trait in ICU nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic, using a moderated mediation model that begins with the stress and anxiety experienced at the onset of the pandemic and concludes with the emotional exhaustion experienced 6 months later.Study DesignProspective longitudinal study with two data collection periods during the COVID‐19 pandemic: (1) from 5 May to 21 June 2020 and (2) a follow‐up 6 months after the state of alarm finalized (January–April 2021). These were both very stressful periods for ICU staff because of the COVID‐19 pandemic.This study was conducted with 129 ICU nurses (a non‐probabilistic convenience sample in the Spanish health care system). Socio‐demographic, occupational and psychosocial variables (i.e. stress, anxiety, self‐efficacy and emotional exhaustion) were assessed. Descriptive analyses, Pearson correlations, covariate analyses (i.e. Student's t‐test, one‐factor ANOVA) and moderated mediation analyses were carried out (SPSS PROCESS macro, model 7). STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guidelines were followed.ResultsIt shows that the higher the self‐efficacy score, the lower the effect of stress on anxiety (p < .001); likewise, the moderating role of self‐efficacy was equally valid for the whole final model (F = 8.790, p < .001), showing self‐efficacy to be a good buffer for emotional exhaustion derived from the stress suffered in the ICU.ConclusionsSelf‐efficacy (i.e. the belief of being able to do certain tasks successfully) is shown to be a highly relevant trait to enhance among ICU nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic, allowing them to manage work stress effectively and thus buffering the development of anxiety in the short term and emotional exhaustion in the long term.Relevance to Clinical PracticeOur results point to the need to assess and take action on self‐efficacy in ICU nurses in highly stressful situations such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. As a psychological variable, self‐efficacy refers to beliefs and therefore has to be trained by evidence‐based psychological techniques, such as cognitive behavioural therapy. In addition, previous literature has pointed out that previous experience or specific training is an influential (although not a determining) factor in self‐efficacy, so specialization for ICU nurses could also be considered.
Prone position applied to COVID‐19 patients: Systematic review–meta‐analysis
Authors: Tülüce Derya , Kaplan Serin Emine , Yıldız Karadeniz Ebru 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPosition change and interventions to increase lung capacity should be considered in mechanically ventilated patients. The most effective of these is the prone position.AimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine the effects of the prone position on respiratory parameters and outcomes and to guide nurses working in the intensive care unit.Study Design and MethodsThis systematic review‐meta‐analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting in Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guideline. ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane and PubMed databases were searched between January 2022 and January 2023 to access studies related to prone position in COVID‐19 patients.ResultsTwenty‐three studies were included. This meta‐analysis shows that a prone position is feasible and can achieve improvements in gas exchange. Prone position increases PaO2/FiO2 in the majority of patients followed with a diagnosis of COVID‐19 and severe hypoxemic.ConclusionsThe study has shown that the prone position is effective in improving patients' respiratory function and oxygenation.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe results presented in this article support the notion that the prone position can be an effective strategy in the clinical management of COVID‐19 patients.
In Vitro Comparison of Direct Attachment Shape and Size on the Orthodontic Forces and Moments Generated by Thermoplastic Aligners During Expansion
Authors: Lear Megann , Akbari Amin , Robertson Olivia , Magura Janine , Bojrab Alexandra , Eckert George , Chen Jie , Conley Richard Scott , Turkkahraman Hakan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of varying direct attachment shape and size on the forces and moments generated by thermoplastic aligners during simulated expansion.Materials and MethodsAn in vitro orthodontic force tester (OFT) was used to measure the forces and moments from a typodont where the buccal teeth were translated lingually 0.2 mm to simulate expansion. Hemi‐ellipsoid and rectangular attachments with either 0.5 or 1.0 mm thickness were added on upper right first premolar (UR4), second premolar (UR5) and first molar (UR6). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine two‐way interactions among the factors on the outcomes.ResultsThe interactions between group and tooth were significant for all outcomes (p < 0.001). The greatest buccal forces (Fy) were observed with 1 mm rectangular attachment on the UR4 (0.78 ± 0.29 N), with 1 mm hemi‐ellipsoid attachment on UR5 (0.28 ± 0.21 N) and with 0.5 mm rectangular attachment on UR6 (1.71 ± 0.18 N). The greatest buccolingual moments (Mx) were obtained with 1 mm rectangular attachment on UR4 (5.61 ± 1.43 Nmm), without any attachments on UR5 (3.33 ± 1.73 Nmm) and with 1 mm hemi‐ellipsoid attachment on UR6 (4.18 ± 4.31).ConclusionDirect attachment shape and size had a significant effect on the orthodontic forces and moments generated by thermoplastic aligners during simulated expansion. Although loads varied significantly by tooth morphology and its location in the arch, best forces and moments for expansion were obtained with 1 mm rectangular attachments on UR4s, 1 mm hemi‐ellipsoid attachments on UR5s and 0.5 mm rectangular attachments on UR6s.
What Second‐Best Epistemology Could Be
Authors: Daoust Marc‐Kevin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAccording to the Theory of the Second Best, in non‐ideal circumstances, approximating ideals might be suboptimal (with respect to a specific interpretation of what “approximating an ideal” means). In this paper, I argue that the formal model underlying the Theory can apply to problems in epistemology. Two applications are discussed: First, in some circumstances, second‐best problems arise in Bayesian settings. Second, the division of epistemic labor can be subject to second‐best problems. These results matter. They allow us to evaluate the claim, made by many philosophers, that second‐best problems have import in epistemology (and the specific conditions under which the Theory finds applications). They also allow us to see that talk of “approximating an ideal” is ambiguous, and to clarify the conditions in which approximating an epistemic ideal might be beneficial.
Intellectual humility without limits: Magnanimous humility, disagreement and the epistemology of resistance
Authors: Yip Brandon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I provide a characterisation of a neglected form of humility: magnanimous humility. Unlike most contemporary analyses of humility, magnanimous humility is not about limitations but instead presupposes that one possesses some entitlement in a context. I suggest that magnanimous intellectual humility (IH) consists in a disposition to appropriately refrain from exercising one's legitimate epistemic entitlements because one is appropriately motivated to pursue some epistemic good. I then shown that Magnanimous IH has an important role to play in contexts of disagreement and oppression. It calls on knowing parties to refrain from pressing their epistemic entitlements to facilitate mutual understanding. And it is a virtue that oppressed persons have good reason to cultivate in order to develop meta‐lucidity in themselves and others.