bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary considerations of claims for physical dormancy-break by microbial action and abrasion by soil particles
Authors: Baskin Jerry M. , Baskin Carol C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBooks and review articles in various areas of ecology and seed and plant biology continue to report that dormancy-break in seeds (and fruits) with water-impermeable coats (i.e. physical dormancy) occurs via soil-microbial action and/or abrasion by soil particles. However, there is little evidence in the scientific literature to support these assumptions, which, in fact, do not make good evolutionary sense for two related reasons. First, several types of anatomically specialized water-restriction structures have evolved as part of the seed or fruit coat of taxa with physical dormancy. These structures act as ‘signal detectors’ of physical-environmental changes that cause seeds (and fruits) to become water-permeable only at these sites, in seasons and habitats in which there is a good chance that some seedlings will become established. Second, seed (and fruit) coat breakdown by microbial action or by abrasion likely would occur in seasons and habitats in which seedlings could not survive, thus lowering the fitness (λ) of the plant taxa in question.
Einfluss und Veränderung der Selbstlenkungsfähigkeit in der Dialektisch-Behavioralen Therapie (DBT)
Authors: Bernheim Dorothee , Becker Mathias , Gander Manuela , Lischke Alexander , Mentel Renate , Buchheim Anna , Freyberger Harald 
Published: July 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Einfluss und Veränderung der Selbstlenkungsfähigkeit (SL) in der ambulanten Dialektisch-Behavioralen Therapie bei 26 Patientinnen mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung.
Methode Varianzanalyse: Erhebung der Psychopathologie in 2 Subgruppen (niedrige vs. hohe SL), Intervention über 1 Jahr, Fragebögen zu 3 Messzeitpunkten.
Ergebnisse Assoziation niedriger SL mit mehr Psychopathologie und weniger Symptomremission. Verbesserung der SL bei allen Patienten.
Schlussfolgerung Die DBT unterstützt die Stärkung der SL. Ein Screening der SL und deren gezielte Förderung sind empfehlenswert.
Incorporating formative assessment in Iranian EFL writing: a case study
Authors: Naghdipour Bakhtiar 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTUndergraduate students' experience of assessment in universities is usually of summative assessment which provides only limited information to help students improve their performance. By contrast, formative assessment is informative and forward‐looking, possessing the leverage to inform students of their day‐to‐day progress and inform teachers of how to better tailor their instruction to students' immediate learning needs. Despite these potentials, studies carried out on the use of formative assessment in English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts are somehow rare. The current study reports on incorporating formative assessment in an L2 writing course in Iran. The analysis of data from pre‐ and post‐study writing tasks, pre‐ and post‐study questionnaires, and semi‐structured interviews revealed that first‐year undergraduate students were offered opportunities to improve various aspects of their writing and to develop positive attitudes toward writing as well as formative assessment. However, the students reported several challenges that could have implications for the further implementation of formative assessment in similar contexts.
A GSA-based adaptive fuzzy PID-controller for an active suspension system
Authors: Chao Chun-Tang , Liu Ming-Tang , Chiou Juing-Shian , Huang Yi-Jung , Wang Chi-Jo 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel design for determining the optimal hybrid fuzzy PID-controller of an active automobile suspension system, employing the gravitational search algorithm (GSA).

Design/methodology/approach
– The hybrid fuzzy PID-controller structure is an improvement to fuzzy PID-controller by incorporating a fast learning PID-controller.

Findings
– The GSA can adjust the parameters of the PID-controller to achieve the optimal performance.

Research limitations/implications
– The GSA may have the advantage of quick convergence, but the required computation may be intensive.

Practical implications
– The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on active automobile suspension system.

Originality/value
– In order to demonstrate the theoretical guarantee of the proposed method, comparisons with particle swarm optimization or other methods has also been carried out.
Online piracy: an emergent segment of the shadow economy. Empirical insight from Poland
Authors: Mróz Bogdan 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the underlying causes, scale and scope as well as the effects of piracy as a form of the shadow economy throughout Poland, drawing on the findings of secondary studies and author’s questionnaire survey conducted in summer 2013.

Design/methodology/approach
An online questionnaire survey was accomplished using the computer-assisted Web interview method and real-time sampling technique, in June 2013. The survey involved 1,000 persons aged 15 years and older.

Findings
Polish consumers use pirated content, products and services primarily for financial reasons: 73 per cent of respondents point out to high prices of original products, while more than half (56 per cent) points at low incomes of Polish consumers. A significant percentage of respondents (over one-third) indicates the easiness of access to pirated goods and services. The most common activity among Polish internet users is to copy pirated music files (almost 40 per cent of internet users admit to that) and films (including watching the series in the network to which approximately 35 per cent of respondents confess to). These two kinds of files are also copied the most often – about 20 per cent of the respondents copy them once a month or more often. One-fourth of the respondents admit to copying pirated computer programs. The findings from the survey reveal that young Polish internet users demonstrate a rather permissive attitude towards online piracy that involves downloading music files or video and sharing them with other network users.

Research limitations/implications
The questionnaire survey did not cover all aspects of online purchasing behaviour of Polish internet users. The findings of the survey should be approached with some caution, given the intricate and sensitive nature of the research problématique.

Practical implications
Regulations regarding online purchases of goods and services are not attuned to the digital reality, which is exploited by online intermediaries. The research findings highlighted the motivational and behavioural aspects of Poles’ online consumer behaviour, thus providing useful tips to curb online piracy.

Social implications
The implementation of relevant regulations to ensure respect and protection for intellectual property rights on the internet in Polish as well as EU legislation has acquired a rare immediacy and may reduce the scope of online piracy and other manifestations of shadow economy in the cyberspace.

Originality/value
An empirical insight into the online piracy among Polish internet users providing first-hand knowledge regarding their motivation and behavioural patterns.
General strain and procedural justice in retail banking
Authors: Leasure Peter 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThe purpose of the current study is to examine the applicability of general strain and procedural justice theories to retail banking deviance in an effort to improve compliance programs.Design/methodology/approachThis objective is achieved through a qualitative case study of active members of the retail banking industry guided by three research questions. First, how do participants view their companies' current compliance programs? Second, what types of crime or deviance are present in the data in which general strain and procedural justice theories are indicated? Third, what ethics and compliance recommendations can be made from the identified deviance and underlying theories?FindingsResults indicate that current ethics and compliance programs are viewed as having serious flaws. Results also show the presence of a large amount of fraud based deviance in which both general strain and procedural justice theories seem to be implicated. Specific compliance enhancements are proposed in light of these findings.Originality/valueThe current study is one of the first to examine white collar crime deviance and ethics and compliance programs in the retail banking industry. Conducting research in specific industries is key as findings from a study in a particular industry may not extrapolate to another. Further, the current study uses a qualitative approach, which allows a deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms, with participants who have committed some form of deviance and are active members in their industry. Because of this fact, this study has the potential to provide new and different insights than a study conducted using students or other such participants and hypothetical scenarios.
Collaborating internationally on physician leadership education: first steps
Authors: Matlow Anne , Chan Ming-Ka , Bohnen Jordan David , Blumenthal Daniel Mark , Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor , de Camps Meschino Diane , Samson Lindy Michelle , Busari Jamiu 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
Physicians are often ill-equipped for the leadership activities their work demands. In part, this is due to a gap in traditional medical education. An emergent international network is developing a globally relevant leadership curriculum for postgraduate medical education. The purpose of this article is to share key learnings from this process to date.

Design/methodology/approach
The Toronto International Summit on Leadership Education for Physicians (TISLEP) was hosted by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, and the University of Toronto’s Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation. Of 64 attendees from eight countries, 34 joined working groups to develop leadership competencies. The CanMEDS Competency Framework, stage of learner development and venue of learning formed the scaffold for the work. Emotional intelligence was selected as the topic to test the feasibility of fruitful international collaboration; results were presented at TISLEP 2015.

Findings
Dedicated international stakeholders engaged actively and constructively through defined working groups to develop a globally relevant, competency-based curriculum for physician leadership education. Eleven principles are recommended for consideration in physician leadership curriculum development. Defining common language and taxonomy is essential for a harmonized product. The importance of establishing an international network to support implementation, evaluation, sustainability and dissemination of the work was underscored.

Originality/value
International stakeholders are collaborating successfully on a graduated, competency-based leadership curriculum for postgraduate medical learners. The final product will be available for adaptation to local needs. An international physician leadership education network is being developed to support and expand the work underway.
Chinese culture in tourist research: a review and comparison of Chinese and English studies in 1993-2012
Authors: Li Junju , Lu Ying (Tracy) 
Published: July 2016

PurposeWith the worldwide growth of the Chinese tourism market, a number of studies have emerged, that attempt to understand the phenomenon, including the influence of Chinese culture on Chinese tourist behavior. This research aims to answer four questions: How has Chinese culture been adopted in tourism literature? What is the current state of tourism research on Chinese culture? What are the similarities, differences and research gaps between international and Chinese studies in this area of investigation? What are the directions that future tourism research will take?Design/methodology/approachThe articles for this systematic review were published in major international hospitality and tourism journals and Chinese journals over a period of 20 years (1993-2012). A meta-review was carried out on 80 Chinese and English tourism literature dating from 1993 to 2012.FindingsThis review showed that Chinese culture has been fragmentally operationalized due to underdeveloped Chinese cultural theories in tourism, independent and unrelated extant cultural systems and perspectives and lack of empirical testing for theory development. Two major theoretical systems of Chinese culture in tourist research were revealed in this review: cross-cultural theory and traditional Chinese cultural framework. The current state of tourism research on Chinese culture was also analyzed. The similarities, differences and research gaps were identified between international and Chinese studies on this inquiry. Implications for future tourism research in this area were suggested.Research limitations/implicationsUnveiling the evolving research progress of a single culture helps to provide a deeper insight into how culture was used to analyze the behavior of individual tourist markets, and hence to better understand a particular tourist market.Originality/valueThis research has synthesized a wide range of literature to unveil the extant understanding of Chinese culture as reflected in Chinese tourists and outline the ways forward in this area of investigation.
The impacts of customers’ observed severity and agreement on hotel booking intentions: moderating role of webcare and mediating role of trust in negative online reviews
Authors: S. Sreejesh , M.R. Anusree 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to examine the conditional role of webcare as a service failure recovery strategy on customers’ hotel booking intentions in presence of different levels of observed severity and review agreement. Furthermore, the study also examines the mechanism through which webcare can shape the adverse effect of observed severity and review agreement on hotel booking intentions.Design/methodology/approachA 2 (severity: high or low) × 2 (agreement: high or low) × 2 (webcare: webcare or no webcare) between-subject experimental design was conducted to collect responses. Analyses of variance and moderated mediation analysis were performed to analyze the study data.FindingsProspective customers who observed high severe service failure from a review reported less booking intention. Further, customers’ observed agreement strengthened these behaviors, i.e. customers who are exposed to high severe service failure in high-agreement condition reported low booking intention, as compared to those who exposed to low review agreement condition. Furthermore, results supported the fact that use of appropriate webcare plays a significant role to shape or mitigate the negative effect of severity and agreement on hotel booking intentions via perceived trust.Originality/valueThis is the first in its stream of studies that examined how webcare can be used to tackle the adverse effects of observed severity and agreement, so that perceived trust would be formed to create hotel booking intention.
Withdrawing from Investment Treaties but Protecting Investment
Authors: Peinhardt Clint , Wellhausen Rachel L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA backlash against Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS), in which multinational corporations can sue governments, has led some states to unilaterally withdraw from some of the thousands of investment treaties that facilitate ISDS. But thanks to redundancies in the dense, decentralized network of investment treaties, states can reject some treaty commitments to ISDS and maintain most (if not all) international legal protections for foreign investors. In this article, we explain the source of redundancies, document the group of states that have taken advantage of unilateral withdrawal, and demonstrate that states can recalibrate their international legal commitments without eschewing contemporary international investment law.
The Promise and Pitfalls of Assembled Institutions: Lessons from the Global Environment Facility and UNAIDS
Authors: Graham Erin R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractContemporary global governance architecture has been described as fragmented, incoherent, and inefficient. The mandates of prominent international organizations (IOs) often overlap and coordination is regarded more as the exception than the rule. In this context, international institutions designed with an explicit coordination mandate hold significant promise. These assembled institutions (AIs), like the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and UNAIDS, formally incorporate IOs in their designs and seek to coordinate and bring coherence to their work in a given issue area. Although praised for their bold and innovative designs, little scholarly work has assessed the success of these institutions in fulfilling coordination mandates. The paper introduces AIs as an organizational form and sheds light on two challenges they face that provide barriers to coordination. First, concerns regarding status and material losses may cause relevant IOs to resist coordination despite ostensibly opting in to participate in the assembled institution. Second, the governing bodies of assembled institutions are weak relative to the prominent IOs incorporated in their designs. The home governing bodies of these institutions often do little to reinforce the importance of coordination, hampering performance. These challenges are illustrated in the case of the GEF and UNAIDS.
Mangrove leaf litter decomposition under mangrove forest stands with different levels of pollution in the Niger River Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Numbere Aroloye O. , Camilo Gerardo R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNutrient cycling often moves between litter fall and decomposition. It is hypothesized that hydrocarbon pollution will slow down mangrove litter decomposition because of the reduction in microbial activities. We studied decomposition rates at different levels of pollution (i.e. high and low) and amongst different mangrove species (i.e. red, white and black). For the first experiment, fresh leaves of Rhizophora racemosa were collected, sealed in a litter bag and placed on the mangrove floor for 1.24 years at which all the leaves had completely decomposed to humus and were oven‐dried and weighed to calculate the decomposition rate constant (k) of mass loss. Although there was no significant difference in the rate of decomposition (P > 0.05), leaves at the highly polluted plot had lower rate of decomposition (6.58 × 10−4) when compared to leaves at the lowly polluted plot (1.75 × 10−3). In the second experiment, there was a significant difference in decomposition rates amongst species (P < 0.05). Red mangrove leaves (0.41) decomposed more than white (0.28) and black (0.28) mangrove leaves. This implies that hydrocarbon pollution slowed, but did not stop the decomposition of mangrove leaves.
Management of pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Could we do better?
Authors: Helou Amyna , Walker Susan , Stewart Kay , George Johnson 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundHypertensive disorders are among the most common medical problems in pregnancy. Compliance with clinical practice guidelines has potential to translate to significant maternal and perinatal health benefits.AimsTo evaluate compliance with Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand (SOMANZ) clinical guidelines for management of hypertension during pregnancy.MethodsInclusion criteria: women with hypertension in pregnancy who gave birth at a tertiary obstetric centre in 2010. Compliance with SOMANZ guidelines was assessed, as well as uptake of findings from the ‘Induction of labour versus expectant monitoring for mild gestational hypertension/pre‐eclampsia after 36 weeks’ gestation’ (HYPITAT) trial.ResultsOf 5624 women, 516 (9.2%) were identified with hypertension (49 chronic hypertension (CH); 457 gestational hypertension (GH) or pre‐eclampsia (PE)). Thresholds to diagnose hypertension and initiate anti‐hypertensive treatment were consistent with SOMANZ recommendations. Among women with CH, only 12.2% were prescribed aspirin prior to 16 weeks as PE prophylaxis. Of women with PE, 37 (18.6%) had known risk factors for development of PE at the initial visit yet only nine (24.3%) received aspirin. Of the 244 women who met HYPITAT inclusion criteria at 36 weeks, 174 (77.7%) were managed expectantly; nine (5.2%) developed severe adverse outcomes.ConclusionCurrent management guidelines for hypertension treatment were generally followed, although aspirin prophylaxis was frequently overlooked, resulting in up to 19 excess PE cases. Uptake of recommendations from the HYPITAT trial was low; however, severe complications were fewer than expected. Overall, this suggests that clinicians appropriately weigh up the likely maternal risk compared to infant benefits of deferred delivery in each case, a key recommendation of HYPITAT‐II.
Randomised clinical trial: the efficacy of gut‐directed hypnotherapy is similar to that of the low FODMAP diet for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Peters S. L. , Yao C. K. , Philpott H. , Yelland G. W. , Muir J. G. , Gibson P. R. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundA low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet is effective in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).AimTo compare the effects of gut‐directed hypnotherapy to the low FODMAP diet on gastrointestinal symptoms and psychological indices, and assess additive effects.MethodsIrritable bowel syndrome patients were randomised (computer‐generated list), to receive hypnotherapy, diet or a combination. Primary end‐point: change in overall gastrointestinal symptoms across the three groups from baseline to week 6. Secondary end‐points: changes in psychological indices, and the durability of effects over 6 months.ResultsOf 74 participants, 25 received hypnotherapy, 24 diet and 25 combination. There were no demographic differences at baseline across groups. Improvements in overall symptoms were observed from baseline to week 6 for hypnotherapy [mean difference (95% CI): −33 (−41 to −25)], diet [−30 (−42 to −19)] and combination [−36 (−45 to −27)] with no difference across groups (P = 0.67). This represented ≥20 mm improvement on visual analogue scale in 72%, 71% and 72%, respectively. This improvement relative to baseline symptoms was maintained 6 months post‐treatment in 74%, 82% and 54%. Individual gastrointestinal symptoms similarly improved. Hypnotherapy resulted in superior improvements on psychological indices with mean change from baseline to 6 months in State Trait Personality Inventory trait anxiety of −4(95% CI −6 to −2) P < 0.0001; −1(−3 to 0.3) P = ns; and 0.3(−2 to 2) P = ns, and in trait depression of −3(−5 to −0.7) P = 0.011; −0.8(−2 to 0.2) P = ns; and 0.6(−2 to 3) P = ns, respectively. Groups improved similarly for QOL (all p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionsDurable effects of gut‐directed hypnotherapy are similar to those of the low FODMAP diet for relief of gastrointestinal symptoms. Hypnotherapy has superior efficacy to the diet on psychological indices. No additive effects were observed.