bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a deletion in the Hsp70 cluster in the bovine reference genome
Authors: Suqueli García M. F. , Castellote M. A. , Feingold S. E. , Corva P. M. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe 70 kilodalton heat shock proteins (Hsp70) are highly conserved molecular chaperones which have a crucial role in the stress response of the cell. In mammals, the Hsp70 proteins are encoded by a cluster of three genes: HSPA1A, HSPA1B and HSPA1L. In bovines, this cluster is located on chromosome 23 downstream of the major histocompatibility complex (BoLA). We detected inconsistencies in the location of markers on the Hsp70 genes reported in the literature that pointed to a potential deletion in the bovine reference genome UMD 3.1.1. An in silico analysis of the bovine genomic region of the Hsp70 cluster, using available information from public databases, confirmed the existence of a deletion of 11.1‐kb spanning the HSPA1B gene and the intergenic region between HSPA1B and HSPA1A. Although we originally considered this an assembly error, it is most likely a particular condition of L1 Dominette 01449, the cow sequenced in the Bovine Genome Project. Moreover, we suggest a new classification of bovine Hsp70 sequences reported in NCBI and a reassignment of the location of SNPs from dbSNP that map to the deletion on BTA23. We also compared the location of selected transcription factor binding sites on the promoters of HSPA1A and HSPA1B. The results generated in the present work could be helpful to refine the reference genome of an important livestock species and also to understand the role and the regulation of the bovine Hsp70 genes.
Geometric Detection Algorithms for Cavities on Protein Surfaces in Molecular Graphics: A Survey
Authors: Simões Tiago , Lopes Daniel , Dias Sérgio , Fernandes Francisco , Pereira João , Jorge Joaquim , Bajaj Chandrajit , Gomes Abel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDetecting and analysing protein cavities provides significant information about active sites for biological processes (e.g. protein–protein or protein–ligand binding) in molecular graphics and modelling. Using the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of a given protein (i.e. atom types and their locations in 3D) as retrieved from a PDB (Protein Data Bank) file, it is now computationally viable to determine a description of these cavities. Such cavities correspond to pockets, clefts, invaginations, voids, tunnels, channels and grooves on the surface of a given protein. In this work, we survey the literature on protein cavity computation and classify algorithmic approaches into three categories: evolution‐based, energy‐based and geometry‐based. Our survey focuses on geometric algorithms, whose taxonomy is extended to include not only sphere‐, grid‐ and tessellation‐based methods, but also surface‐based, hybrid geometric, consensus and time‐varying methods. Finally, we detail those techniques that have been customized for GPU (graphics processing unit) computing.
Regulating drivers with epilepsy in Maryland: Results of the application of a United States consensus guideline
Authors: Ma Brandy B. , Bloch John , Krumholz Allan , Hopp Jennifer L. , Foreman Perry J. , Soderstrom Carl A. , Scottino Mary A. , Matsumoto Martha , Krauss Gregory L. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryObjectiveDriving regulations for people with seizures vary widely throughout the United States and the world. Maryland updated their guidelines in 2003 to reflect those of a U.S. consensus guideline requiring a minimum 3‐month seizure‐free period as well as an individual risk assessment by a Medical Advisory Board (MAB). This retrospective study provides the first analysis of outcomes after the implementation of the consensus guidelines and an assessment of their predictive validity through longitudinal outcome data.MethodsMAB reviews and licensing records for Maryland driver applicants with seizures between 2004 and 2005 were reviewed, during which 254 first‐time applicants were processed. The initial licensing decisions were assessed and the subsequent seizure recurrence and crash rates over the following 7 years were evaluated.ResultsThe MAB approved driving for 74.8% of initial applicants; most had been seizure‐free for over 6 months. Approved drivers had a longer median seizure‐free period (563 days) compared to those who were denied (104.5 days, p < 0.01), and 22.7% of approved drivers had seizures recur during monitoring over the next year, although none resulted in crashes or deaths. Of applicants initially denied (n = 50), 89.3% were eventually licensed. Treating physicians recommended driving for 84.4% of applicants rejected by the MAB.SignificanceMaryland's individualized system for assessing driving applicants with seizures resulted in a dynamic process of approvals and denials based on favorable and unfavorable risk factors and lengths of seizure freedom. Seizure recurrences were comparable to internationally accepted rates. Over the course of monitoring, most applicants were eventually licensed. Treating physicians recommended that nearly all their patient applicants be permitted to drive, which raises safety concerns for the 10 states that rely solely on physician recommendations. Further assessment is needed of the risk factors deemed favorable and unfavorable by the U.S. consensus guidelines.
Metabolic rewiring in mutant Kras lung cancer
Authors: Kerr Emma M. , Martins Carla P. 
Published: June 2017

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide, reflecting an unfortunate combination of very high prevalence and low survival rates, as most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages when treatment efficacy is limited. Lung cancer comprises several disease groups with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for ~ 85% of cases and lung adenocarcinoma being its most frequent histological subtype. Mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) affect ~ 30% of lung adenocarcinomas but unlike other commonly altered proteins (EGFR and ALK, affected in ~ 14% and 7% of cases respectively), mutant KRAS remains untargetable. Therapeutic strategies that rely instead on the inhibition of mutant KRAS functional output or the targeting of mutant KRAS cellular dependencies (i.e. synthetic lethality) are an appealing alternative approach. Recent studies focused on the metabolic properties of mutant KRAS lung tumours have uncovered unique metabolic features that can potentially be exploited therapeutically. We review these findings here with a particular focus on in vivo, physiologic, mutant KRAS activity.
Quantitative Easing and Liquidity in the Japanese Government Bond Market
Authors: Iwatsubo Kentaro , Taishi Tomoki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe “Quantitative and Qualitative Monetary Easing” enacted immediately after the inauguration of Bank of Japan Governor Kuroda brought violent fluctuations in the prices of government bonds and deteriorated market liquidity. Does a central bank's government bond purchasing policy generally reduce market liquidity? Do conditions exist that can prevent such a decrease? This study analyzes how the Bank of Japan's purchasing policy changes influenced market liquidity. The results reveal that three specific policy changes contributed significantly to improving market liquidity: (i) increased purchasing frequency; (ii) a decrease in the purchase amount per auction; and (iii) reduced variability in the purchase amounts. These policy changes facilitated investors' purchase schedule expectations and helped reduce market uncertainty. The evidence supports the theory that the effect of government bond purchasing policy on market liquidity depends on the market's informational environment.
Atrial fibrillation, cognition and dementia: A review
Authors: Aldrugh Summer , Sardana Mayank , Henninger Nils , Saczynski Jane S. , McManus David D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common types of cardiac arrhythmia, particularly among older adults. AF confers a 5‐fold risk for thromboembolic stroke as well as a 2‐fold higher risk for congestive heart failure, morbidity, and mortality. Although stroke remains an important and impactful complication of AF, recent studies have shown that AF is independently associated with other neurological disorders, including cognitive impairment and dementia, even after adjusting for prior ischemic stroke. We performed a review of the published literature on the association between AF and cognitive status. Further, we reviewed studies investigating the underlying mechanisms for this association and/or reporting the impact of AF treatment on cognitive function. While most published studies demonstrate associations between AF and impaired cognition, no AF treatment has yet been associated with a reduced incidence of cognitive decline or dementia.
The new kids on the block of arrhythmogenic disorders: Short QT syndrome and early repolarization
Authors: Mazzanti Andrea , Underwood Katherine , Nevelev Dmitriy , Kofman Shanna , Priori Silvia G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractShort QT syndrome (SQTS) is one of the rarest inheritable cardiac channelopathies, characterized by an accelerated cardiac repolarization, which is also the substrate for the development of life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Up to this date, fewer than 200 SQTS cases have been reported in the literature worldwide. Patients with SQTS may experience a cardiac arrest as early as in the neonatal period or as late as 80 years old. The cumulative probability of experiencing a cardiac arrest by the fifth decade of life approaches 40%, highlighting the importance of early recognition and management. SQTS is an autosomal dominant disease with five identified causative genes, including three that encode for potassium channels (KCNH2, KCNQ1, and KCNJ2) and two that encode for subunits of the L‐type calcium channels (CACNA1C and CACNB2). The term “early repolarization” (ER) has long been used to refer to a heterogeneous group of specific QRS‐T junction patterns that are commonly found on the electrocardiograms of young healthy subjects. In the last decade, it has been suggested that in some individuals, the presence of ER may be associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, and thus the term “early repolarization syndrome” (ERS) has progressively entered into use. Up to this point, however, whether ER constitutes a true primary arrhythmic disorder or whether it is simply a predisposing substrate that facilitates arrhythmias in the presence of other triggers remains an unresolved issue. In this review paper, we aim to integrate the current literature on SQTS and ERS. For each, we will describe the key steps that first led to the identification of the syndrome before moving into a discussion of our current understanding of each entity, including the epidemiology, genetics, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and management.
Clinical assessment of cryoballoon ablation in cases with atrial fibrillation and a left common pulmonary vein
Authors: Shigeta Takatoshi , Okishige Kaoru , Yamauchi Yasuteru , Aoyagi Hideshi , Nakamura Tomofumi , Yamashita Mitsumi , Nishimura Takuro , Ito Naruhiko , Tsuchiya Yusuke , Asano Mitsutoshi , Shimura Tsukasa , Suzuki Hidetoshi , Kurabayashi Manabu , Keida Takehiko , Sasano Tetsuo , Hirao Kenzo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using a cryoballoon (CB) is a useful tool for treating atrial fibrillation (AF); however, the clinical efficacy of the CB has never been fully investigated in patients with a left common pulmonary vein (LCPV).Methods and resultsThree hundred twenty‐four consecutive paroxysmal AF patients underwent PVI with a CB. Three‐dimensional computed tomography was performed in all patients before the ablation. The clinical outcomes of the AF ablation between patients with (Group A) and without an LCPV (Group B) were compared. An LCPV was observed in 27 (8%) patients. There were no significant differences in the procedure time (149 ± 45 min vs. 143 ± 40 min, respectively; P = 0.42) and percentage needing touch up ablation between the 2 groups (26% vs. 20%, respectively; P = 0.45). At a mean follow‐up of 454 ± 195 days, 282 of 324 (87%) patients were free from any atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs) after a single procedure. Twenty out of 27 (74%) Group A patients and 262 of 297 (88%) Group B patients were free from ATs (15‐month Kaplan–Meier event free rate estimates, 77% and 89%, respectively; P = 0.02). A multivariate analysis identified the presence of an LCPV and the left atrial diameter as reliable predictors of recurrent ATs.ConclusionsThe long‐term clinical outcomes of ablation of AF with the CB was worse in patients with an LCPV than in those without. The presence of an LCPV and the LA size seemed to be reliable predictors of a worse outcome.
Guardians Ad Litem and Children's Attorneys in Arizona: A Qualitative Examination of the Roles
Authors: Duchschere Jennifer E. , Beck Connie J. , Stahl Rebecca M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn ongoing debate exists with little research support concerning the differences in the roles of guardians ad litem (GAL) and children's attorneys (CA) in dependency cases. Through qualitative interviews, this study examined GALs’ and CAs’ perceptions and execution of roles. Both executed their roles similarly and agreed the best interests of the child and the child's wishes are important. Shared goals included child safety, ensuring the child's voice is heard, keeping the family together, and minimizing the distress to the child. Challenges to executing their roles were often systemic, including overwhelmed courts and lack of community resources to serve clients’ needs.
Work and Family Research and Theory: Review and Analysis From an Ecological Perspective
Authors: Perry‐Jenkins Maureen , Wadsworth Shelley MacDermid 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis invited review examines major trends and developments in the work and family field from an ecological perspective. We examine how research has developed over the past several decades with attention to the ways in which dominant theories and empirical findings, couched in specific historical and social eras, have moved the field forward and addressed important questions, while also raising many more. We first examine theoretical paradigms and empirical work on the topic of work and family across the decades spanning from the 1960s to 2000. We then pay significant attention to the major theoretical and empirical foci of the 21st century based on an analysis of more than 300 of the top‐rated work–family articles in the field. We close with a proposal for fruitful directions for future research and theory in the work and family field.
Patch testing in patients with suspected cosmetic dermatitis: A retrospective study
Authors: Garg Taru , Agarwal Soumya , Chander Ram , Singh Aashim , Yadav Pravesh 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBackgroundGrowing use of cosmetics has led to an increase in the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to cosmetics. Patch testing helps to confirm allergy to cosmetics and pinpoint the exact offending allergens.Aims and ObjectivesThe study aimed to find the frequency of positive patch test reactions in cases with suspected ACD to cosmetics, and the common allergens responsible for it.MethodsThis is a retrospective record‐based study of 58 patients, with suspected ACD to cosmetics, who had undergone patch testing with Indian standard series and Indian cosmetic and fragrance series from January 2013 to December 2015.ResultsThe majority of patients (60.34%) belonged to the age group of 20‐40 years. The most common site of involvement was face (94.8%) followed by neck (22.4%). The most commonly implicated cosmetics in history were soaps (53.4%), and face creams (24.1%). The most common allergens detected on patch testing were cetrimide (20.7%) and thimerosal (15.5%) followed by paraphenylenediamine (6.9%), and fragrance mix (5.2). Positive allergic reactions were obtained in 2.12% of the patches.ConclusionMost common cosmetic products implicated for causing ACD were face creams, soaps, and hair dyes. The principal culprit allergens were cetrimide and thimerosal.
Multidisciplinary assessment of PFO with substantial right‐to‐left shunting and medium‐term follow‐up after PFO device closure: A single‐center experience
Authors: He Lu , Cheng Ge‐sheng , Du Ya‐juan , Zhang Yu‐shun 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo describe the multidisciplinary assessment of patent foramen ovale (PFO) with substantial right‐to‐left shunting (RLS) and medium‐term follow‐up after PFO closure for stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).BackgroundPFO closure is a therapeutic option to prevent recurrent ischemic event in patients with cryptogenic stroke and TIA. The apparent lack of benefit seen in previous studies was in part due to the inclusion of patients with alternate mechanisms of stroke/TIA. However, the long‐term follow‐up results of RESPECT trial confirmed that PFO closure could reduce the recurrence rate of stroke compared to medical therapy. The obvious difference between RESPECT and the other studies is that RESPECT recruited more relevant patients with substantial RLS.MethodsFrom May 2013 to October 2015, all subjects diagnosed as cryptogenic stroke or TIA with substantial RLS who underwent PFO closure at our institution were included. All patients underwent multidisciplinary assessment to exclude stroke/TIA with definite etiology. Baseline characteristics, clinical manifestations, procedural, and follow‐up data were reviewed.ResultsA total of 219 consecutive patients with substantial RLS undergoing PFO closure were identified. There were no procedure‐related deaths, strokes, or TIA. Mean follow‐up was 2.0 ± 0.7 years. Early residual shunting was visible in 9 patients (4.1%); however, during follow‐up, only 3 patients (1.4%) had residual RLS detected by contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE). The annual risk of recurrent ischemic stroke or TIA was 0.457%.ConclusionsPFO closure can be performed safely and effectively in patients with cryptogenic stroke or TIA. In selected patients with substantial RLS, following appropriate multidisciplinary assessment, excellent results with low incidence of recurrent events may be achieved.
Sodium MRI of T1 High Signal Intensity in the Dentate Nucleus due to Gadolinium Deposition in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Eisele Philipp , Konstandin Simon , Szabo Kristina , Ong Melissa , Zöllner Frank , Schad Lothar R. , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Gass Achim 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSERecently, several studies reported increased signal intensity (SI) of the dentate nucleus (DN) on unenhanced T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a possible consequence of multiple applications of gadolinium‐based contrast agents. The aim of this study was to investigate with sodium (23Na) MRI possible tissue abnormalities of the DN in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.METHODSSodium and conventional MRI were performed on a clinical 3T scanner. Total sodium concentrations (TSCs) of the DN, as well as DN‐to‐pons and DN‐to‐cerebellum SI ratios on unenhanced T1‐weighted MRI were calculated.RESULTSA total of 18 subjects (6/18 normal controls, 12/18 MS patients [6/12 with T1 hyperintense DN]) were investigated. There was no significant difference of TSC values of the DN in MS patients with a T1‐hyperintense DN (33.70 ± 2.14 mM) compared to MS patients without those signal abnormalities (33.29 ± 1.67 mM; P = .67) or to healthy controls (33.14 ± 1.12; P = .32).CONCLUSIONSNormal sodium signal in the T1‐hyperintense DN in MS patients may point to relative tissue integrity despite gadolinium deposition in this area.
Asthma, bones and corticosteroids: Are inhaled corticosteroids associated with fractures in children with asthma?
Authors: Zieck Saskia E , George Johnson , Blakeley Brooke A , Welsh Liam , James Simon , Ranganathan Sarath , Simm Peter , Lim Angelina 
Published: June 2017

AimThe prevalence of asthma worldwide among older children varies between 10 and 20%. One of the most effective therapies to treat asthma and prevent exacerbations is inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). Systemic corticosteroids are known to decrease bone mineral density and increase the risk of fractures among children, but little is known about the effect of ICSs on fracture risk in children with asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the fracture rates in children with asthma using ICSs.MethodsA survey on fracture history and risk, bone health and asthma was administered by a researcher to children aged 6–18 years attending a tertiary care children's hospital in Melbourne, Australia over a 6‐month period. Fracture risks were compared in children on low or high dose ICS with those not on any ICS and non‐asthmatics.ResultsA total of 216 healthy control participants were compared with 211 children with asthma – 22% (n = 46) on low dose ICS therapy, 44% (n = 94) on high dose ICS and 34% (n = 71) not on any ICS. There was no difference in the incidence of fractures between children with asthma (24.6% n = 53) and healthy controls (24% n = 51) (χ2 = 0.132; P = 0.717). There were no differences in fracture incidence in the sub‐groups of children with asthma (P = 0.695).ConclusionICS use was not associated with fracture risk in children with asthma.
Diffusion‐limited PBPK model for predicting pulmonary pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in pig
Authors: Qian M. R. , Wang Q. Y. , Yang H. , Sun G. Z. , Ke X. B. , Huang L. L. , Gao J. D. , Yang J. J. , Yang B. 
Published: June 2017

For most bacterial lung infections, the concentration of unbound antimicrobial agent in lung interstitial fluid has been thought to be responsible for antimicrobial efficacy. In this study, a diffusion‐limited physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to predict the pulmonary pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FF) in pigs. The model included separate compartments corresponding to blood, diffusion‐limited lung, flow‐limited muscle, liver, and kidney and an extra compartment representing the remaining carcass. The absorption rate constant and renal and hepatic clearance of FF were determined in vivo. Other parameters were taken from the literature or optimized based on existing pharmacokinetic data. All mathematical operations during the development of the model were performed using acslXtreme version 3.0.2.1 (Aegis Technologies Group, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA). The model accurately predicted the concentration–time courses of FF in lung interstitial fluid, serum, and plasma following different dosing schedules, except at the dose of 15 mg/kg. When compared with the tissue residue data, the model generally underestimated the FF concentration at the injection site, whereas it gave good predictions of FF concentrations in lung, liver, and kidney at early time points. The model predictions provide a scientific basis for the dosage regimen design of FF.
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous clindamycin phosphate in captive Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus)
Authors: Watson M. K. , Papich M. G. , Chinnadurai S. K. 
Published: June 2017

This study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of clindamycin, a lincosamide antibiotic, in Bennett's wallabies. The pharmacokinetic properties of a single intravenous (IV) dose of clindamycin were determined in six wallabies. A single 20‐min IV infusion of 20 mg/kg of clindamycin was administered, followed by blood collection prior to, and up to 12 hr after clindamycin administration. Plasma clindamycin concentrations were determined by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection. Pharmacokinetic variables were calculated using a two‐compartment model with first order elimination which best fit the data. The mean volume of distribution at steady‐state, distribution half‐life, and elimination half‐life were 898.25 ml/kg, 0.16 hr, 1.79 hr, respectively. No adverse effects were noted after IV administration.