bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glacierized headwater streams as aquifer recharge corridors, subarctic Alaska
Authors: Liljedahl A. K. , Gädeke A. , O'Neel S. , Gatesman T. A. , Douglas T. A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractArctic river discharge has increased in recent decades although sources and mechanisms remain debated. Abundant literature documents permafrost thaw and mountain glacier shrinkage over the past decades. Here we link glacier runoff to aquifer recharge via a losing headwater stream in subarctic Interior Alaska. Field measurements in Jarvis Creek (634 km2), a subbasin of the Tanana and Yukon Rivers, show glacier meltwater runoff as a large component (15–28%) of total annual streamflow despite low glacier cover (3%). About half of annual headwater streamflow is lost to the aquifer (38 to 56%). The estimated long‐term change in glacier‐derived aquifer recharge exceeds the observed increase in Tanana River base flow. Our findings suggest a linkage between glacier wastage, aquifer recharge along the headwater stream corridor, and lowland winter discharge. Accordingly, glacierized headwater streambeds may serve as major aquifer recharge zones in semiarid climates and therefore contributing to year‐round base flow of lowland rivers.
What controls channel form in steep mountain streams?
Authors: Palucis M. C. , Lamb M. P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSteep mountain streams have channel morphologies that transition from alternate bar to step‐pool to cascade with increasing bed slope, which affect stream habitat, flow resistance, and sediment transport. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that alternate bars form under large channel width‐to‐depth ratios, step‐pools form in near supercritical flow or when channel width is narrow compared to bed grain size, and cascade morphology is related to debris flows. However, the connection between these process variables and bed slope—the apparent dominant variable for natural stream types—is unclear. Combining field data and theory, we find that certain bed slopes have unique channel morphologies because the process variables covary systematically with bed slope. Multiple stable states are predicted for other ranges in bed slope, suggesting that a competition of underlying processes leads to the emergence of the most stable channel form.
Conjugal Visits
Authors: Einat Tomer 
Published: July 2017

AbstractConjugal visits in prison are private meetings between a male or a female inmate with his or her significant other, during which the couple may engage in whatever legal activity they desire. Some Western and non‐Western countries offer conjugal visitation programs within their prisons. These visits are granted to male and female prisoners by law if certain criteria are met. Despite the importance of conjugal visitation programs and their frequent and extensive use in various American and non‐American prison systems, only a few studies have made a theoretical and empirical attempt to address these visits in men's and women's prisons. This entry incorporates a comprehensive review of the literature concerning conjugal visitation programs for men and women in Western and non‐Western prison systems.
Terahertz Electric Field Driven Electric Currents and Ratchet Effects in Graphene
Authors: Ganichev Sergey D. , Weiss Dieter , Eroms Jonathan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTerahertz field induced photocurrents in graphene were studied experimentally and by microscopic modeling. Currents were generated by and pulsed laser radiation in large area as well as small‐size exfoliated graphene samples. We review general symmetry considerations leading to photocurrents depending on linear and circular polarized radiation and then present a number of situations where photocurrents were detected. Starting with the photon drag effect under oblique incidence, we proceed to the photogalvanic effect enhancement in the reststrahlen band of SiC and edge‐generated currents in graphene. Ratchet effects were considered for in‐plane magnetic fields and a structure inversion asymmetry as well as for graphene with non‐symmetric patterned top gates. Lastly, we demonstrate that graphene can be used as a fast, broadband detector of terahertz radiation.
Solubility correlation of gall (Quercus infectoria) extract in supercritical CO2 using semi‐empirical equations
Authors: Mohd Nasir Hasmida , Md Salleh Liza , Ismail Ahmad Ramdan , Machmudah Siti 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe present work studied the solubilities of Quercus infectoria gall extract in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) system with the addition of methanol as polarity enhancer. Experimentally, the galls were extracted using SC‐CO2 at different operating pressures (20 to 30 MPa) and temperatures (50 to 70 °C). Six semi‐empirical equations (Chrastil, Adachi‐Lu, del Valle‐Aguilera, Sparks, Kumar‐Johnston and Bartle) were used to explain mathematically the solubility behaviour of the Q. infectoria gall extract. The results demonstrated that the extract solubility increases as pressure increases at fixed temperature, while at constant pressure, it increases with increasing temperature. Apparently, Bartle equation provides best correlation between experimental and calculated solubility data for gall extraction with high correlation coefficient, R2 (0.96), and small absolute average relative deviation (1.52%). © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Turning psychology against militarism
Authors: Orford Jim 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper draws on material, mostly from outside psychology, which illustrates the deep rootedness of militarisation in modern culture and the numerous ways in which it permeates civic society. Children, boys especially, learn to value armed conflict. War games are now more realistic, and the distinction between gaming and military training has become blurred. War and deadly weapons are portrayed in unrealistic ways that hide their actual effects. Just war theory, widely subscribed to, justifies armed conflict by proposing that under certain conditions, war can be just with moral rules that apply to the fighting. Many psychologists have worked for the military in one way or another, implicitly or explicitly promoting militarism, and the changing nature of war and armaments is providing further temptations for psychologists to do so. Psychology has been ambivalent about militarism. Peace psychology has not taken an unambiguous position on it, often speaking disparagingly of the absence of war in the absence of social justice, referring to it as “negative peace.” Feminists, often very clear in their opposition to militarism, have sometimes advocated for women to have greater acceptance in the armed forces. The paper concludes by arguing for a more clearly identified Psychology Against Militarism. Community psychology should take a lead in advocating for Psychology Against Militarism because militarism is a good example of how the exercise of power, wreaking widespread harm on us all but especially on those who are already relatively powerless, is collectively legitimised, and hence how we become complicit in supporting it.
3D‐modeling of carboxyl‐terminal phosphorylation of plant αβ‐tubulin and its role in kinesin‐8/microtubule interaction
Authors: Demchuk Oleh M. , Karpov Pavel A. , Blume Yaroslav B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe results of computer modeling of plant kinesin‐8/αβ‐tubulin complexes with such αβ‐tubulins’ modified amino acid residues as phosphorylated Tyr262 and Tyr107 are reported in this paper. The molecular dynamics of these modified complexes in comparison with the dynamics of non‐modified ones suggests that the phosphorylation of both α‐ and β‐tubulins reveals stabilizing effect on the protein structure around the modified residue. It was found also that the phosphorylation of Tyr107 in β‐tubulin molecule favors to more advantageous kinesin‐8 binding with the phosphorylated microtubule surface in terms of energy.
The post‐therapeutic effect of rapamycin in mild traumatic brain‐injured rats ensuing in the upregulation of autophagy and mitophagy
Authors: Wang Changxing , Hu Zhiying , Zou Yang , Xiang Mingjun , Jiang Yuting , Botchway Benson O. A. , Huo Xue , Du Xiaoxue , Fang Marong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), common in juveniles, has been reported to be caused by sports‐related concussion. Many young children may suffer from post‐concussion syndrome. mTBI, in early stages of life, could play a part in neuron apoptosis and degeneration, cognitive and motor coordination impairment, as well as dementia. Our study was aimed at further investigating the post‐therapeutic efficacy of rapamycin in the recuperation of mTBI while at the same time investigating the metamorphosis in both autophagy and mitophagy in mTBI. We created a weight‐drop rat mTBI model with the administration of rapamycin at 4 h after every mTBI. Behavioral tests of beam walking and open field task indicated the expected improvement of cognitive and motor coordination functions. Both Western blot and immunofluorescence examinations revealed increased Beclin‐1 and PINK1 in the treated rats as well as reduction of caspase‐3 and cytochrome C (Cyt C). More so, the TUNEL staining evidenced curtailment of apoptotic cells following treatment with rapamycin. The upregulation of Beclin‐1 and PINK1 and the downregulation of caspase‐3 and Cyt C extrapolate that rapamycin plays neuroprotective as well as anti‐apoptotic role via interposition of both autophagy and mitophagy.
Understanding Noncovalent Interactions of Small Molecules with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Calbo Joaquín , López‐Moreno Alejandro , de Juan Alberto , Comer Jeffrey , Ortí Enrique , Pérez Emilio M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe combine experimental methods, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in the quantitative analysis of noncovalent interactions between (6,5)‐enriched single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), as hosts, and a set of pyrene derivatives with different electronic properties and surface areas, as guests. The experiments and calculations were carried out in two solvents with markedly different polarities, namely 1,1′,2,2′‐tetrachloroethane (TCE) and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). Our results show that dispersion forces govern the supramolecular association of small molecules with (6,5)‐SWNTs, with negligible contributions from ground‐state charge‐transfer effects. In the nonpolar solvent (TCE), the binding constants are highly correlated with the contact area between the SWNT and the guests. In the polar solvent (DMF), the binding constants show a complex dependence on the chemical nature of the pyrene substituents, as demonstrated by MD simulations with the explicit inclusion of solvent molecules. The solvation of the small molecules is shown to play a leading role in the binding process. Remarkably, the binding constants obtained from the MD simulations for the five guest molecules correlate with those derived from experiment. Furthermore, the MD simulations also reveal the structure of the adsorbed guest from low to high SWNT surface coverage.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bioinspired [Mo2Fe2]–Hydride Cluster Complexes and Their Application in the Catalytic Silylation of N2
Authors: Ohki Yasuhiro , Araki Yuna , Tada Mizuki , Sakai Yoichi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe hydride‐supported [Mo2Fe2] cluster complex {Cp*Mo(PMe3)}2{FeN(SiMe3)2}2(H)8 (2 a; Cp*=η5‐C5Me5) and its [Mo2Mn2] congener 2 b were synthesized from the reactions of Cp*Mo(PMe3)(H)5 (1) with M{N(SiMe3)2}2 (M=Fe, Mn). The amide‐to‐thiolate ligand‐exchange reactions of complex 2 a with bulky thiol reagents (HSR; R=2,4,6‐iPr3C6H2 (Tip), 2,6‐(SiMe3)2C6H3 (Btp)) furnished the corresponding hydride‐supported [Mo2Fe2](SR)2 cluster complexes. The [Mo2Fe2] clusters served as catalyst precursors for the reductive silylation of N2 and yielded ≈65–69 equivalents of N(SiMe3)3 relative to the [Mo2Fe2] clusters. Treatment of complexes 2 a and b with an excess of CNtBu resulted in the formation of dinuclear Mo−Fe and Mo−Mn complexes, which indicated that the [Mo2M2] cores (M=Fe, Mn) split into two dinuclear species upon accommodation of substrates.
The cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata increases the stability and network complexity of phytoplankton communities
Authors: Carey Cayelan C. , Brown Bryan L. , Cottingham Kathryn L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChanges in the abundance of a taxon can have large effects on communities, particularly if that taxon is a strong interactor. These changes may arise as a consequence of environmental change, recruitment from dormant stages, or quirks of population dynamics, and have effects that ripple through a community interaction network. We hypothesized that cyanobacteria, which are increasing in many freshwater lakes globally, may be strong interactors because they can exert large and persistent effects on the biomass and composition of other phytoplankton. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated how the phytoplankton community responded to different densities of Gloeotrichia echinulata, a large colonial cyanobacterium increasingly observed in low‐nutrient lakes in northeastern North America, in an in situ mesocosm experiment. We observed that many phytoplankton taxa, especially diatoms and green algae, responded primarily to increased nutrient availability (a result of Gloeotrichia's nitrogen fixation and translocation of phosphorus from the sediments), while a few taxa (two euglenophytes, one dinoflagellate, and one cyanobacterium) responded to both the direct and indirect effects of Gloeotrichia. Surprisingly, Gloeotrichia reduced the compositional variability of the phytoplankton community relative to the non‐Gloeotrichia control treatment; there was no effect on the aggregate temporal variability of total non‐Gloeotrichia biovolume. Moreover, experimentally increased densities of Gloeotrichia coincided with increasing complexity of the phytoplankton community in network analyses of taxon co‐occurrences, as indicated by significantly greater network density and transitivity and shorter path lengths. Taken together, these findings suggest that Gloeotrichia may be a strongly interacting species in low‐nutrient lakes, with the potential to increase the resilience of phytoplankton communities to future disturbance by increasing compositional stability and network complexity.
Assessing ecological performance thresholds in fire‐prone Kakadu National Park, northern Australia
Authors: Russell‐Smith Jeremy , Evans Jay , Edwards Andrew C. , Simms Anthony 
Published: July 2017

AbstractContemporary fire regimes are recognized as a key threatening process for relatively immobile vertebrates and narrowly dispersing obligate seeder plant taxa in fire‐prone Australian savannas. Here, we assess the efficacy of proposed ecological performance threshold metrics for evaluating the current state of fire management for biodiversity conservation outcomes in Australia's premier, and best publicly funded savanna reserve, Kakadu National Park. The assessment draws on available data describing Landsat‐scale fire mapping over the period 1997–2015, habitat mapping, and mostly modeled responses of vegetation and faunal attributes. Despite conceptual and technical issues associated with various proposed performance thresholds and mapping products, the assessment demonstrates significant challenges with the current state of the reserve's fire management program. For example, by the end of 2015 it was observed that just 6% of woodland habitat in lowland and 23% in upland situations had remained unburnt for longer than three years and 98% of mapped fires in lowland and 87% in upland habitats were >1 km2 in extent. Of 14 assessed performance threshold metrics, two were within acceptable thresholds at the end of 2015, and none had improved materially over the decadal assessment period. Given substantial resources evidently required to deliver effective, seasonally intensive, fine‐grained adaptive fire management for biodiversity conservation outcomes in fire‐prone Australian savannas, we suggest that alternative resourcing opportunities through market‐based savanna burning greenhouse gas emissions abatement projects need to be explored.
Vegetation dynamics during last 35,000 years at a cold desert locale: preferential loss of forbs with increased aridity
Authors: Nowak Robert S. , Nowak Cheryl L. , Tausch Robin J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPaleoecological records are an important source of data to better understand ecological responses to climate. To help understand vegetation–climate relationships in the Great Basin cold desert of North America, we analyzed 154 plant taxa from 52 fossil woodrat middens that spanned both an 800‐m elevation gradient and the last 35,000 yr (35 ka) within a single study area. Vegetation was analyzed by community assemblage (CA), by plant functional type, and by individual species. Concordant with a predominant trend of increased aridity since glacial maximum, CA change was largely unidirectional despite centennial‐scale cycles of climate variation. Richness of forb and other herbaceous plant functional types peaked from 15 to 26 ka during glacial maximum and then gradually decreased from ~15 ka to present. Analysis of individual taxa indicates that once a herbaceous species was lost from the study area, that species did not re‐occur. In contrast, woody (shrubs and trees) species richness peaked from 8 to 15 ka during and following the Bolling‐Allerod rapid warming. However, most tree taxa that established during this period of warming were subsequently lost as climate became more arid after the beginning of Mid‐Holocene Temperature Maximum warming ~8 ka. These shifts in plant functional types decreased relative richness of forbs compared to shrubs (i.e., decreased forb/shrub ratio), and these shifts continue to the present despite intervening cycles of climate cooling and warming. We conclude that the relative importance of herbaceous species in current CAs of the Great Basin cold desert has been decreasing for the last 15 ka. We also speculate that decreased richness of herbaceous species has, in part, provided opportunities for exotic species to establish and proliferate in the Great Basin during the last 100 yr. Thus, observations of past vegetation change suggest that increased aridity with future climate warming will continue to favor woody vegetation over herbaceous species at our cold desert locale, at least until invasive species displace native shrub species.
Effect of treatment with tartaric acid on carbon as a catalyst in the absorption of NO into the hexamminecobalt(II) solution
Authors: Long Xiang‐li , Li Fang , Jia Ming‐lei , Huang Jin‐feng 
Published: July 2017

Tartaric acid solution is applied to change the surface characteristics of activated carbon to improve its catalytic capability in the regeneration of Co(NH3)62+ that is used to realize the simultaneous removal of NO and SO2. The experimental results show that the best treatment condition is impregnating the carbon samples in 1.5 mol l−1 tartaric acid solution for 18 h followed by being activated at 400°C for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere. After being treated with tartaric acid solution, the surface area of activated carbon and the acidity on its surface increase. The experiments show that the modified carbon can obtain a much higher NO removal efficiency than the original carbon. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 333–341, 2018
The Effects of Different Levels of Performance Feedback on TOEFL iBT® Reading Practice Test Performance
Authors: Sawaki Yasuyo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to examine whether performance on the TOEFL iBT® Reading practice test is affected by 3 different levels of feedback provided to learners upon completion of reading exercises: (a) correctness of learner response (the knowledge of correct results [KCR] feedback), (b) KCR feedback and rationales for correct/incorrect answers, and (c) KCR feedback and the rationales along with on‐demand video lectures. Japanese learners of English completed 18 reading exercises and reviewed the results by using the type of feedback provided to the group to which each learner had been assigned. They also completed 2 TOEFL iBT Reading test forms: 1 as a pretest and 1 as a posttest. A multilevel modeling analysis of data from 193 participants who completed the study showed that despite a gain of over 3 scaled score points on the TOEFL iBT Reading test from the pretest to the posttest, the level of feedback was not found to affect the test score. A learner background variable, previous knowledge about the TOEFL iBT test, was identified as a predictor positively related to the test score. Moreover, a series of ANOVAs conducted on learner survey data suggested that the level of feedback affected the degree to which study participants perceived the usefulness of the study materials in understanding different item types that appear on the TOEFL iBT Reading section and in developing strategies for understanding the gist of the text within a short time.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Octaketides from the Cytosporone Family
Authors: von Delius Max , Le Christine M. , Ellinger Bernhard , Kuzikov Maria , Gul Sheraz , Dong Vy M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCytosporone B and its simple analogues (e. g., amoitone B) were recently identified as unique agonists for nuclear orphan receptor Nur77. In this study, we have developed an aldehyde C‐H activation method for preparing natural and designer analogues from the cytosporone family. In addition, a comprehensive investigation of the compounds’ biological activities and pharmacological liabilities has been conducted and new structure activity relationships (SAR) were derived from the data. Most notably, we found that increased cytotoxicity can be obtained by virtue of fluorine substitution on the hydrophobic acyl chain.
Neuroimmunomodulatory properties of DPSCs in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gnanasegaran Nareshwaran , Govindasamy Vijayendran , Mani Vasudevan , Abu Kasim Noor Hayaty 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, microglial cell activation is thought to contribute to their degeneration by producing neurotoxic compounds. While dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been regarded as the next possible cell source for cell replacement therapy (CRT), their actual role when exposed in such harsh environment remains elusive. In this study, the immunomodulatory behavior of DPSCs from human subjects was investigated in a coculture system consisting of neuron and microglia which were treated with 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1, 2, 3, 6‐tetrahydropyridine, which mimics the inflammatory conditions and contribute to degeneration of dopaminergic (DA‐ergic) neurons. Assessments were performed on their proliferation, extent of DNA damage, productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), as well as secretion of inflammatory mediators. Notably, DPSCs were shown to attenuate their proliferation, production of ROS, and NO significantly (P < 0.05). Additionally, their immunomodulatory properties were distinct although insignificant changes were observed in DNA damage. Despite DPSCs were exposed to such harsh environment, they were still able to express neuronal markers such as Nestin, Pax 6, and Nurr1, at least by twofold thereby indicating their applicability for CRT especially in PD conditions. To conclude, DPSCs were shown to have immunomodulatory capacities which could probably serve as secondary effects upon transplantation in a CRT regime. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(9):689–699, 2017