bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nickel‐Foam‐Supported Co3O4 Nanosheets/PPy Nanowire Heterostructure for Non‐enzymatic Glucose Sensing
Authors: Dai Hongxiu , Lin Meng , Wang Nan , Xu Fei , Wang Donglei , Ma Houyi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCobalt oxide nanosheets (Co3O4 NSs)/polypyrrole nanowire (PPy NW) core‐shell nano‐heterostructures based on nickel foam (NF) were fabricated for electrochemical non‐enzymatic glucose determination. The Co3O4/PPy nanostructures grew directly on nickel foam substrate by electrochemical deposition processes. The PPy NW core and the Co3O4 NS shell constructed the hierarchical nanocomposites to form a three dimensional micro−nanostructure in the micropores of NF. The as‐prepared Co3O4/PPy/NF heterostructures were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The introduction of the Co3O4 NSs can provide a high surface area and lead to high sensitivity to glucose. Chronoamperometry was used to evaluate the sensitivity of the sensor toward glucose. Compared with NF, PPy/NF, and Co(OH)2/PPy/NF electrodes, the Co3O4/PPy/NF electrode exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose, and the proposed glucose sensor showed linear electrochemical responses to glucose with a low detection limit of 0.74 μM (S/N=3). In addition, the prepared biosensor revealed good selectivity in the presence of electro‐active species such as d‐fructose, uric acid, ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide, and provided an excellent platform for the determination of glucose in human urine samples.
Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships for the Nucleophilicity of Trivalent Boron Compounds
Authors: García‐López Diego , Cid Jessica , Marqués Ruben , Fernández Elena , Carbó Jorge J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe describe herein the development of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) for the nucleophilicity of trivalent boron compounds covering boryl fragments bonded to alkali and alkaline‐earth metals, to transition metals, and to sp3 boron units in diboron reagents. We used the charge of the boryl fragment (q[B]) and the boron p/s population ratio (p/s) to describe the electronic structures of boryl moieties, whereas the distance‐weighted volume (Vw) descriptor was used to evaluate the steric effects. The three‐term easy‐to‐interpret QSAR model showed statistical significance and predictive ability (r2=0.88, q2=0.83). The use of chemically meaningful descriptors has allowed identification of the factors governing the boron nucleophilicity and indicates that the most efficient nucleophiles are those with enhanced the polarization of the B−X bond towards the boron atom and reduced steric bulk. A detailed analysis of the potential energy surfaces of different types of boron substituents has provided insight into the mechanism and established an order of nucleophilicity for boron in B−X: X=Li>Cu>B(sp3)>Pd. Finally, we used the QSAR model to make a priori predictions of experimentally untested compounds.
Synthetische flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffe aus erneuerbaren Energien – Ergebnisse der Helmholtz Energieallianz
Authors: Moser Massimo , Pregger Thomas , Simon Sonja , König Daniel H. , Wörner Antje , Dietrich Ralph‐Uwe , Köhler Markus , Oßwald Patrick , Grohmann Jasper , Kathrotia Trupti , Eckel Georg , Schweitzer Daniel , Armbrust Nina , Dieter Heiko , Scheffknecht Günter , Kern Christoph , Thiessen Johannes , Jess Andreas , Aigner Manfred 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag stellt Arbeiten vor, die im Rahmen der dreijährigen Helmholtz‐Energieallianz Synthetische flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffe (SynKWS) – Speicher mit höchster Energiedichte durchgeführt wurden. Unter Einbezug technischer, prozessoptimierender und systemanalytischer Aspekte wurden ausgewählte Pfade für die Erzeugung von flüssigen, synthetischen Kohlenwasserstoffen aus erneuerbaren Energien und Biomassen untersucht und bewertet. Ergänzend erfolgte eine systemanalytische Bewertung synthetischer flüssiger Kohlenwasserstoffe in einem Energiesystem der Zukunft mit hohem Anteil erneuerbarer Energien.
Digital filters for low‐field NMR
Authors: Valori Andrea , Mitchell Jonathan , Fordham Edmund J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe review the theory and operation of digital filters in modern nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers with fully digital receivers. Custom digital filters tailored for particular experimental requirements offer substantial improvements in signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), sensitivity, pulse sequence timing, and rejection of heteronuclear contamination. Pass‐band filters are designed and applied in the frequency domain. In high‐field imaging and spectroscopy, the impact of the filter is straight forward to visualize. However, low‐field NMR data acquired on bench‐top magnets are typically analyzed in the time‐domain where the influence of a frequency‐domain filter is not obvious and largely overlooked by end‐users. We provide practical guidance on the design and implementation of digital filters for bench‐top NMR applications, with examples of data acquired at 2.4 and 12.9 MHz. We discuss the compromise between speed (filter settling time) and noise rejection, and consider the special case of 19F signal contamination in 1H measurements. We suggest filter designs for narrow‐line liquid samples, broad‐line samples, and imaging.
Unique prevalence of oncogenic genetic alterations in young patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tanaka Kosuke , Hida Toyoaki , Oya Yuko , Yoshida Tatsuya , Shimizu Junichi , Mizuno Tetsuya , Kuroda Hiroaki , Sakakura Noriaki , Yoshimura Kenichi , Horio Yoshitsugu , Sakao Yukinori , Yatabe Yasushi 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDLung adenocarcinoma in the young is a rare entity, and the oncogenic genetic alterations (GAs) and clinical characteristics associated with this disease are poorly understood. Conversely, it has been demonstrated that young age at diagnosis defines unique biology in other cancers. For this report, the effects of young age on lung adenocarcinoma are reported.METHODSThe authors retrospectively screened 1746 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with stage I through IV adenocarcinoma between 2009 and 2015 and identified 81 who were aged 40 years or younger at diagnosis. The clinical and genetic characteristics of this younger population were analyzed.RESULTSOf the 81 younger patients identified, 36 (44%) were men, 36 (44%) were never smokers, and the median age was 36 years (range, 26‐40 years). Thirty‐three patients (41%) harbored anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocations, 24 (30%) had epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, and 2 (2%) had v‐Ki‐ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations. Rare oncogenic GAs also were studied in patients who had wild‐type ALK/EGFR/KRAS adenocarcinoma, including 4 patients with HER2 mutations, 2 with Ret proto‐oncogene (RET) translocations, and 2 with ROS proto‐oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) translocations. Notably, oncogenic GAs (P < .001), ALK (P < .001) and ROS1 (P = .033) translocations, and HER2 mutations (P < .001) were associated with young age, and a similar trend was observed for RET translocations (P = .108). Younger patients who had adenocarcinoma without GAs had a significantly worse prognosis compared with older patients without GAs (overall survival, 8.9 vs 16.4 months; P < .001) and patients with GAs (24.9 months; P < .001).CONCLUSIONSYounger patients with adenocarcinoma have a distinctly unique prevalence of oncogenic GAs. Comprehensive oncogenic GA screening is especially recommended for personalized medicine strategies in this population. Cancer 2017;123:1731–1740. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Burden of human metapneumovirus infections in patients with cancer: Risk factors and outcomes
Authors: El Chaer Firas , Shah Dimpy P. , Kmeid Joumana , Ariza‐Heredia Ella J. , Hosing Chitra M. , Mulanovich Victor E. , Chemaly Roy F. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDHuman metapneumovirus (hMPV) causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URIs and LRIs, respectively) in healthy and immunocompromised patients; however, its clinical burden in patients with cancer remains unknown.METHODSIn a retrospective study of all laboratory‐confirmed hMPV infections treated at the authors’ institution between April 2012 and May 2015, clinical characteristics, risk factors for progression to an LRI, treatment, and outcomes in patients with cancer were determined.RESULTSIn total, 181 hMPV infections were identified in 90 patients (50%) with hematologic malignancies (HMs), in 57 (31%) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients, and in 34 patients (19%) with solid tumors. Most patients (92%) had a community‐acquired infection and presented with URIs (67%), and 43% developed LRIs (59 presented with LRIs and 19 progressed from a URI to an LRI). On multivariable analysis, an underlying HM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12‐8.64; P = .029), nosocomial infection (aOR, 26.9; 95% CI, 2.79‐259.75; P = .004), and hypoxia (oxygen saturation [SpO2], ≤ 92%) at presentation (aOR, 9.61; 95% CI, 1.98‐46.57; P = .005) were identified as independent factors associated with LRI. All‐cause mortality at 30 days from hMPV diagnosis was low (4%), and patients with LRIs had a 10% mortality rate at day 30 from diagnosis; whereas patients with URIs had a 0% mortality rate.CONCLUSIONShMPV infections in patients with cancer may cause significant morbidity, especially for those with underlying HM who may develop an LRI. Despite high morbidity and the lack of directed antiviral therapy for hMPV infections, mortality at day 30 from this infection remained low in this studied population. Cancer 2017;123:2329–2337. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Lornoxicam Immediate‐Release Tablets: Formulation and Bioequivalence Study in Healthy Mediterranean Volunteers Using a Validated LC‐MS/MS Method
Authors: Zaid Abdel Naser , Mousa Ayman , Jaradat Nidal , Bustami Rana 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to demonstrate interchangeability between 2 lornoxicam tablet formulations under fasting conditions among Mediterranean Arabs by using a newly validated high‐pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. A single‐oral solid dosage form (8 mg/tablet), randomized, open‐label, 2‐way crossover study was conducted on 30 healthy male volunteers. Blood samples were collected prior to dosing and over a 24‐hour period, and the washout period was 9 days. Statistical comparison of the main pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant difference between generic and branded products. The point estimates (ratios of geometric mean %) were 90.91, 96.34, and 94.86 for Cmax, AUC0–last, and AUC0–∞, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within the predefined limits of 80.00%–125.00%, as specified by the international guidelines. This study showed that both formulations met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence.
Harvesting Hydrogen Gas from Air Pollutants with an Unbiased Gas Phase Photoelectrochemical Cell
Authors: Verbruggen Sammy W. , Van Hal Myrthe , Bosserez Tom , Rongé Jan , Hauchecorne Birger , Martens Johan A. , Lenaerts Silvia 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe concept of an all‐gas‐phase photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell producing hydrogen gas from volatile organic contaminated gas and light is presented. Without applying any external bias, organic contaminants are degraded and hydrogen gas is produced in separate electrode compartments. The system works most efficiently with organic pollutants in inert carrier gas. In the presence of oxygen, the cell performs less efficiently but still significant photocurrents are generated, showing the cell can be run on organic contaminated air. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate new application opportunities of PEC technology and to encourage further advancement toward PEC remediation of air pollution with the attractive feature of simultaneous energy recovery and pollution abatement.
RepMChord: A novel replication approach for mobile Chord with reduced traffic overhead
Authors: Cherbal Sarra , Boukerram Abdellah , Boubetra Abdelhak 
Published: February 2017

SummaryStructured peer‐to‐peer systems based on distributed hash table (DHT) have known a great popularity and performance since their appearance. They have experienced multiple improvements to increase the efficiency, like replication mechanism with different used methods and different objectives like increasing data availability or fitting to churn. Besides their benefits, these methods suffer from the excessive generated overhead in maintenance process. On the other side, we have the interest deployment of DHT overlay on mobile ad hoc network, which benefits from the infrastructure‐less architecture, but presents some shortcomings because of the limited bandwidth and energy batteries, what require a reduced overhead. Therefore, the aim of this work is to improve the lookup efficiency of DHT‐based Chord on mobile ad hoc network underlay. For that, we propose a novel replication mechanism based on data structure to determine the replica nodes, while avoiding the excessive generated overhead in maintenance process to cope with the problem of limited energy batteries. To evaluate the proposed method, we present an extensive simulation study that compares the work to another efficient replication method and to mobile basic Chord. The results show the efficiency of our approach in decreasing the lookup path, the maintenance overhead, and the energy consumption.
Enantioselective analysis of citalopram and demethylcitalopram in human whole blood by chiral LC–MS/MS and application in forensic cases
Authors: Johansen Sys Stybe 
Published: February 2017

Citalopram is one of the most frequently used antidepressants in Denmark. It is marketed as a racemic mixture (50:50) of S‐ and R‐enantiomers as well as of the S‐enantiomer alone, which is the active enantiomer named escitalopram that processes the inhibitory effects. In this study, a chiral liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method is developed for the measurement of citalopram and demethylcitalopram enantiomers in whole blood and is applied to forensic cases. Whole blood samples (0.10 g) were extracted with butyl acetate after adjusting the pH with 2 M NaOH. The analytes were separated on a 250 × 4.6 mm Chirobiotic V, 5 μm column by isocratic elution with methanol:ammonia:acetic acid (1000:1:1) using an ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system. Quantification was performed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in the positive mode. The total chromatographic run time was 20 min. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.001 and 0.005 mg/kg of all four enantiomers, respectively. Linear behaviour was obtained for all four enantiomers from LOQ to 0.50 mg/kg blood with absolute recoveries from 71 to 80%. The method showed an acceptable precision and accuracy as the obtained coefficient of variation, and bias values were ≤16% for all enantiomers. After the validation of the method, a correlation with the racemic method was assessed and found to be acceptable. Then, the method was successfully applied to authentic blood samples from forensic investigations demonstrating that escitalopram was less frequent than citalopram among all forensic cases. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraspecific functional diversity of common species enhances community stability
Authors: Wood Connor M. , McKinney Shawn T. , Loftin Cynthia S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCommon species are fundamental to the structure and function of their communities and may enhance community stability through intraspecific functional diversity (iFD). We measured among‐habitat and within‐habitat iFD (i.e., among‐ and within‐plant community types) of two common small mammal species using stable isotopes and functional trait dendrograms, determined whether iFD was related to short‐term population stability and small mammal community stability, and tested whether spatially explicit trait filters helped explain observed patterns of iFD. Southern red‐backed voles (Myodes gapperi) had greater iFD than deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), both among habitats, and within the plant community in which they were most abundant (their “primary habitat”). Peromyscus maniculatus populations across habitats differed significantly between years and declined 78% in deciduous forests, their primary habitat, as did the overall deciduous forest small mammal community. Myodes gapperi populations were stable across habitats and within coniferous forest, their primary habitat, as was the coniferous forest small mammal community. Generalized linear models representing internal trait filters (e.g., competition), which increase within‐habitat type iFD, best explained variation in M. gapperi diet, while models representing internal filters and external filters (e.g., climate), which suppress within‐habitat iFD, best explained P. maniculatus diet. This supports the finding that M. gapperi had higher iFD than P. maniculatus and is consistent with the theory that internal trait filters are associated with higher iFD than external filters. Common species with high iFD can impart a stabilizing influence on their communities, information that can be important for conserving biodiversity under environmental change.
Native herbivores and environmental heterogeneity as mediators of an exotic grass invasion
Authors: Ender Cody L. , Christian Caroline E. , Cushman J. Hall 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGiven that many exotic plant species throughout the world are having large ecological and economic effects, it is vital to understand the forces that mediate their success in novel landscapes. Both native herbivores and recipient ecosystems can have substantial effects on the performance of exotic plant species, and may interact with each other or vary in their effects over time. Unfortunately, few studies have evaluated the importance of these kinds of context‐dependent effects. Here, we use a 17‐year‐old exclosure experiment stratified across a coastal grassland in northern California to address the relative importance of a reintroduced mammalian herbivore, tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes), and environmental heterogeneity in mediating the growth, abundance, and recruitment of a problematic grass invader, Holcus lanatus. We found that elk reduced Holcus abundance, aboveground biomass, percent cover, frequency, and seedling recruitment, but that these effects often varied among habitat types, with effects being greater in open grasslands than shrub‐dominated grasslands. The performance of Holcus populations also varied significantly among habitat types, with the invader usually having the greatest success in Baccharis‐dominated grasslands. Our results suggest that environmental heterogeneity had much greater influence on Holcus success than elk, and that these effects were due largely to soil pH and moisture. The negative effects of elk on Holcus appeared after 4 years and did not intensify after an additional 13 years. Furthermore, despite their negative effects, these prominent herbivores did not prevent the spread of Holcus into previously uninvaded areas. Our research highlights the importance of assessing the individual and interactive effects of native herbivores and environmental heterogeneity on the success of invasive, exotic plant species. It emphasizes the reality that the negative effects of herbivores on exotic plant species will often vary across heterogeneous landscapes and may be insufficient to prevent the expansion of these invaders.
Modeling nonbreeding distributions of shorebirds and waterfowl in response to climate change
Authors: Reese Gordon C. , Skagen Susan K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo identify areas on the landscape that may contribute to a robust network of conservation areas, we modeled the probabilities of occurrence of several en route migratory shorebirds and wintering waterfowl in the southern Great Plains of North America, including responses to changing climate. We predominantly used data from the eBird citizen‐science project to model probabilities of occurrence relative to land‐use patterns, spatial distribution of wetlands, and climate. We projected models to potential future climate conditions using five representative general circulation models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5). We used Random Forests to model probabilities of occurrence and compared the time periods 1981–2010 (hindcast) and 2041–2070 (forecast) in “model space.” Projected changes in shorebird probabilities of occurrence varied with species‐specific general distribution pattern, migration distance, and spatial extent. Species using the western and northern portion of the study area exhibited the greatest likelihoods of decline, whereas species with more easterly occurrences, mostly long‐distance migrants, had the greatest projected increases in probability of occurrence. At an ecoregional extent, differences in probabilities of shorebird occurrence ranged from −0.015 to 0.045 when averaged across climate models, with the largest increases occurring early in migration. Spatial shifts are predicted for several shorebird species. Probabilities of occurrence of wintering Mallards and Northern Pintail are predicted to increase by 0.046 and 0.061, respectively, with northward shifts projected for both species. When incorporated into partner land management decision tools, results at ecoregional extents can be used to identify wetland complexes with the greatest potential to support birds in the nonbreeding season under a wide range of future climate scenarios.
Association between demographic, organizational, clinical, and socio‐economic characteristics and underutilization of cardiac resynchronization therapy: results from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Lund Lars H. , Braunschweig Frieder , Benson Lina , Ståhlberg Marcus , Dahlström Ulf , Linde Cecilia 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimsCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves outcomes in heart failure (HF) but may be underutilized. The reasons are unknown.Methods and resultsWe linked the Swedish Heart Failure Registry to national registries with ICD‐10 (International Classification of Diseases‐10th Revision) co‐morbidity diagnoses and demographic and socio‐economic data. In patients with EF ≤39% and NYHA II–IV, we assessed prevalence of CRT indication and CRT use. In those with CRT indication, we assessed the association between 37 potential baseline covariates and CRT non‐use using multivariable generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. Of 12 807 patients (mean age 71 ± 12 years, 28% female), 841 (7%) had CRT, 3094 (24%) had an indication for but non‐use of CRT, and 8872 (69%) had no indication. Important variables independently associated with CRT non‐use were: HF duration <6 months [risk ratio (RR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–1.24]; non‐cardiology planned follow‐up (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09–1.18); age >75 years (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09–1.18); non‐cardiology care at baseline (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07–1.14); small‐town non‐university centre (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05–1.12); female sex (RR 1.07 95% CI 1.03–1.10) (all P < 0.05); as was absence of AF, living alone; psychiatric diagnosis; smoking; and non‐use of HF drugs. Education, income, cancer, or HF characteristics were not independently associated with CRT non‐use.ConclusionIn this population‐wide HF registry, CRT was underutilized. Non‐use was associated mostly with demographic and organizational, but not clinical or socio‐economic factors. This calls for programmes to raise awareness of CRT indications and improve access and referrals to cardiology specialists.