bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANSELM’S ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT AND GRADES OF BEING
Authors: McCARTY CHARLES 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnselm described god as “something than which nothing greater can be thought” [1, p. 93], and Descartes viewed him as “a supreme being” [7, p. 122]. I first capture those characterizations formally in a simple language for monadic predicate logic. Next, I construct a model class inspired by Stoic and medieval doctrines of grades of being [8, 20]. Third, I prove the models sufficient for recovering, as internal mathematics, the famous ontological argument of Anselm, and show that argument to be, on this formalization, valid. Fourth, I extend the models to incorporate a modality fit for proving that any item than which necessarily no greater can be thought is also necessarily real. Lastly, with the present approach, I blunt the sharp edges of notable objections to ontological arguments by Gaunilo and by Grant. A trigger warning: every page of this writing flouts the old saw “Existence is not a predicate” and flagrantly.
Accurate Global Atmospheric State Analysis Using Objective Error Statistics Including Observation Error Dependence on Water Substance Field
Authors: Ishibashi Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAtmospheric state analysis is a difficult scientific problem but essential for atmospheric sciences. Data assimilation can generate accurate analyses by integrating information on the atmospheric state using probability density functions (PDFs), where the Gaussian approximation is typically used and PDFs are described by error covariance matrices (ECMs). However, ECMs have been estimated empirically, and dependency of the ECMs on meteorological conditions (flow) is only partially represented. These limit atmospheric state analysis accuracy. This is especially problematic for water substance‐sensitive microwave radiances (WS‐MWRs) because of their strong flow dependence. We objectively estimated ECMs of all data including flow‐dependence of the ECMs of WS‐MWRs. Since the ECM of each data is a component of one ECM representing one joint PDF as a whole, it is theoretically better to objectively estimate ECMs of all data, not just a particular data. For WS‐MWRs, we categorized flow into four using water substance amount and estimating an ECM for each category. Numerical experiments using the new ECMs on an operational global numerical weather prediction system show the followings. The new error standard deviations are generally smaller than those of empirical. Standard deviations and interchannel correlations of observation errors of WS‐MWRs increase with water substance amount. The effects of WS‐MWRs on analysis were approximately doubled. The analysis fields differ systematically such as increase of low‐level clouds over cold oceans. The forecast accuracy improved with 95% statistical significance up to 9%. Both the flow dependence of correlation and variance of WS‐MWRs contributed to the improvement of forecast accuracy.
Ferric Iron Evolution During Crystallization of the Earth and Mars
Authors: Schaefer Laura , Pahlevan Kaveh , Elkins‐Tanton Linda T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMagma ocean crystallization models that track fO2 evolution can reproduce the D/H ratios of both the Earth and Mars without the need for exogenous processes. Fractional crystallization leads to compositional evolution of the bulk oxide components. Recent work suggests that metal‐saturated magma oceans may contain near‐present‐day Fe3+ concentrations. We model the fractional crystallization of Earth and Mars, including Fe2+ and Fe3+ as separate components. We calculate Fe3+ partition coefficients for lower mantle minerals and compare the results of fractional crystallization for both Earth and Mars. We calculate oxygen fugacity (fO2) at the surface as the systems evolve and compare them to constraints on the fO2 of the last magma ocean atmosphere from D/H ratios, both with and without metal saturation. For Earth, we find that Fe3+ likely behaves incompatibly in the lower mantle in order to match the D/H constraint for whole mantle models, but shallow magma ocean models also provide reasonable matches. Disproportionation in whole mantle magma oceans likely overpredicts the amount of Fe3+ and metal that form or require subsequent reduction to return to present‐day values. For Mars, we cannot match the D/H constraints on last fO2 unless the magma ocean begins with <50% of the predicted Fe3+, but better match the present day mantle redox. We show that Fe3+ partitioning has a measurable effect on magma ocean redox, and that it evolves throughout the magma ocean's lifetime. We highlight the need for additional experimental constraints on ferric iron mineral/melt partitioning and more thermodynamic data for the Fe‐disproportionation reaction.
Environmental Health Assessment by Local Environmental Justice Experts for Evidence‐Based Decision‐Making in an Agricultural Community of Northern California
Authors: Aranda A. A. , Kelty J. S. , Manukian S. , Pardo E. , Jabbari K. , Schmidt R. J. , Dabritz H. A. , London J. K. , Van Winkle L. S. , Deeb‐Sossa N. ,   Knights Landing Promotoras
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnvironmental justice research driven by academics and policymakers often overlooks the valuable insights and leadership of the communities most impacted by environmental hazards. When institution‐led research approaches are employed, inadequate community ownership and limited institutional accountability hinder the effectiveness of environmental public health interventions. In contrast, a community‐owned and ‐managed approach to environmental justice research can guide community members in developing evidence‐based interventions. This paper outlines a community‐led environmental health assessment survey (sample = 100) and resulting community actions over 6 years (2017–2023) in a Northern California farmworker community with a perceived high prevalence of cancer and exposure to environmental hazards in households, neighborhoods, and job sites. Local resident experts in Knights Landing, CA, documented community risk factors and exposures in collaboration with interdisciplinary undergraduate and graduate student‐researchers. The survey instrument focused on environmental hazards identified by local resident experts including vehicular and agricultural pollution, occupational pesticide contact, and sun exposure. Survey findings highlighted the need for targeted interventions to reduce environmental health risks, such as academic outreach programs, county investments in public services, and community‐led mutual aid initiatives. Despite academic reservations about our non‐random sampling method and data collection by local resident experts, our project sparked substantial actions and investments with minimal personnel and financial resources. Local leaders working with student‐researchers developed more effective environmental public health interventions through a community‐owned and ‐managed approach that went beyond the efforts of local regulatory and research institutions.
South Pacific Water Intrusion Into the Sub‐Thermocline Makassar Strait in the Winter of 2016–2017 Following a Super El Niño
Authors: Li Mingting , Yuan Dongliang , Gordon Arnold L. , Gruenburg Laura K. , Wang Dongxiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Makassar Strait throughflow (MST) is the major component of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), transferring Pacific water into the Indian Ocean. In our previous study, we identified a new zonal pathway, a. k.a. the North Equatorial Subsurface Current (NESC), which carried equatorial water into the MST sub‐thermocline (>300 m) in the summer 2016 following the 2015/16 El Niño. We now show continued strong southward MST in the sub‐thermocline during the winter of 2016–2017, with salinity higher than that in the summer 2016, due to direct South Pacific water intrusion into the Sulawesi Sea. The origin of the intrusion is identified from the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent (NGCUC) and from an anomalous westward flow along 3°N in the western equatorial Pacific. The identified interannual variability of the western Pacific Ocean circulation is particularly strong in the winter following super El Niño events.
Mapping Los Angeles Basin Depth With Sp Converted Phases
Authors: Yang Yan , Clayton Robert W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe depth of the Los Angeles (LA) basin is a critical factor for seismic hazard assessment and active tectonic studies. By analyzing S‐waves generated by earthquakes below the basin that convert to P‐waves at the sediment‐bedrock interface, we estimate the maximum depth of the LA basin to be 9 km. This estimate depends on the velocities within and below the basin, and the depth presented here is based on the latest community velocity model. To map the basin depth, we use two dense arrays: the Community Seismic Network, a dense network of low‐cost accelerometers in schools across LA region, and a basin‐wide node survey conducted in 2022, consisting of about 300 geophones deployed for a month. Utilizing differential travel times between direct S and Sp converted phases of local earthquakes, we produce a detailed depth map of the LA basin.
Precipitation of Auroral Electrons Accelerated at Very High Altitudes: Impact on the Ionosphere and a Possible Acceleration Mechanism
Authors: Imajo S. , Miyoshi Y. , Kazama Y. , Asamura K. , Shinohara I. , Shiokawa K. , Kasahara Y. , Kasaba Y. , Matsuoka A. , Wang S.‐Y. , Tam S. W. Y. , Chang T.‐F. , Wang B.‐J. , Jun C.‐W. , Teramoto M. , Kurita S. , Tsuchiya F. , Kumamoto A. , Saito K. , Hori T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Arase satellite observed the precipitation of monoenergetic electrons accelerated from a very high altitude above 32,000 km altitude on 16 September 2017. The event was selected in the period when the high‐angular resolution channel of the electron detector looked at pitch angles within ∼5° from the ambient magnetic field direction, and thereby was the first to examine the detailed distribution of electron flux near the energy‐dependent loss cone at such high altitudes. The potential energy below the satellite estimated from the observed energy‐dependence of the loss cone was consistent with the energy of the upgoing ion beams, indicating that ionospheric ions were accelerated by a lower‐altitude acceleration region. The accelerated electrons inside the loss cone carried a significant net field‐aligned current (FAC) density corresponding to ionospheric‐altitude FAC of up to ∼3μA/m2. Based on the anisotropy of the accelerated electrons, we estimated the height of the upper boundary of the acceleration region to be >∼2 RE above the satellite. The height distribution of the acceleration region below the satellite, estimated from the frequency of auroral kilometric radiation, was ∼4,000–13,000 km altitude, suggesting that the very‐high‐altitude acceleration region was separated from the lower acceleration region. Additionally, we observed time domain structure (TDS) electric fields on a subsecond time scale with a thin FAC indicated by magnetic deflections. Such a TDS may be generated by the formation of double layers in the magnetotail, and its potential drop could significantly contribute (∼40%–60%) to the parallel energization of precipitating auroral electrons.
Whistler‐Mode Waves Observed by the DEMETER Spacecraft and the Kannuslehto Station: Spatial Extent and Propagation to the Ground
Authors: Drastichová K. , Němec F. , Manninen J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe use conjugate observations of magnetospheric whistler‐mode waves at frequencies up to 16 kHz by the DEMETER spacecraft (at an altitude of approximately 660 km) and the ground‐based Kannuslehto station in Finland to investigate the wave propagation to the ground and their characteristic spatial scales. For this purpose, we evaluate correlations between the wave intensities measured by the spacecraft and the ground‐based station at various frequencies as a function of their longitudinal and L‐shell separations. Two different approaches are used: (a) direct correlation of wave intensities measured at the same times and (b) correlation of wave intensities within corresponding frequency‐time windows, focusing on the identification of the same frequency‐time wave signatures. We show that the characteristic longitudinal scales of the investigated waves are between about and . We further demonstrate that, while the wave intensities measured by DEMETER are generally larger during periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity, wave intensities measured on the ground during increased activity are only slightly larger during the daytime and decrease during the nighttime.
The Role of α−β Quartz Transition in Fluid Storage in Crust From the Evidence of Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Hu Haiying , Yin Chuanyu , Dai Lidong , Lai Jinhua , Chen Yiqi , Wang Pengfei , Zhu Jinlong , Han Songbai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAqueous fluids are extensively present in the middle to lower crust, as revealed by seismic and magnetotelluric soundings. The α−β quartz phase transition significantly affects many physical properties and leads to substantial microcracks that can provide pathways for the migration of crustal fluids. A systematic investigation of macroscopic physical properties and microstructure of quartz is crucial to elucidate their correlation. In the present study, the effects of water content, trace elements, orientations, and phase transition on the electrical conductivity of quartz were thoroughly evaluated at 400−900°C and 1 GPa. Individual annealing experiments were simultaneously conducted on quartz single crystals at different peak temperatures and 1 GPa to investigate the evolution and spatial distribution of microcracks using X‐ray microtomography (CT) and backscattered electron imaging. We found that trace element content and orientations, rather than H2O, are the dominant factors controlling the conductivity of quartz. The distinct changes in conductivity of single crystals at around α−β phase transition temperature are attributed to the transformation of microcracks from isolated to interconnected networks, as confirmed by two‐dimensional (2‐D) and three‐dimensional (3‐D) microstructure images. Based on the variation in electrical conductivity and microstructure across the transition, it thus is proposed that the intragranular microcracks caused by quartz phase transition can serve as fluid or melt pathways within highly conductive zones present in the middle to lower crust, while α‐quartz acts as an impermeable cap.
Mapping and Characterizing the Northern Fan Deposits in Jezero Crater, Mars
Authors: Jodhpurkar Mohini J. , Bell James F. , Gupta Sanjeev , Horgan Briony , Gwizd Samantha , Caravaca Gwénaël , Randazzo Nicolas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe northern inlet channel to Jezero crater (Sava Vallis) terminates in a fan‐shaped depositional feature, part of which blends into the separate well‐known western fan delta that is the field site for the Mars 2020 mission's Perseverance rover. Jezero's northern fan potentially represents either a second fan delta within the crater or a distal portion of the western fan. To constrain the fluvial and sedimentological history of Jezero and place the rover's in situ observations in proper geologic context, we photogeologically map the northern fan deposits at a larger mapping scale than previous studies, using ground‐based imaging from the Perseverance rover for context. Fifteen map units are identified using HiRISE‐based interpretations of geologic characteristics and inferred processes as well as crosscutting relative age relationships. Mapped units are also defined based on orbital data from CRISM and THEMIS to assess their compositional signatures. We interpret the northern fan deposits as older than the uppermost blocky unit in the western fan delta, suggesting that they were deposited contemporaneously with or prior to the deposition of the western fan, and under similar climate conditions. The eastern portion of the northern fan deposits shows evidence of fluvial deposition from Sava Vallis, while part of its western side could represent a distal part of the western fan delta. We synthesize our interpretations to present scenarios for the deposition of the northern and western fans, which can help constrain the history of both watersheds and place it into context within the broader Isidis basin region.
Increasing hexokinase 1 expression improves mitochondrial and glycolytic functional deficits seen in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease astrocytes
Authors: Bell Simon M. , Wareing Hollie , Capriglia Francesco , Hughes Rachel , Barnes Katy , Hamshaw Alexander , Adair Liam , Shaw Allan , Olejnik Alicja , De Suman , New Elizabeth , Shaw Pamela J. , De Marco Matteo , Venneri Annalena , Blackburn Daniel J. , Ferraiuolo Laura , Mortiboys Heather 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAbnormalities in cellular metabolism are seen early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Astrocyte support for neuronal function has a high metabolic demand, and astrocyte glucose metabolism plays a key role in encoding memory. This indicates that astrocyte metabolic dysfunction might be an early event in the development of AD. In this paper we interrogate glycolytic and mitochondrial functional changes and mitochondrial structural alterations in patients’ astrocytes derived with a highly efficient direct conversion protocol. In astrocytes derived from patients with sporadic (sAD) and familial AD (fAD) we identified reductions in extracellular lactate, total cellular ATP and an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. sAD and fAD astrocytes displayed significant reductions in mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity, have altered mitochondrial membrane potential and a stressed mitochondrial network. A reduction in glycolytic reserve and glycolytic capacity is seen. Interestingly, glycolytic reserve, mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity and extracellular lactate levels correlated positively with neuropsychological tests of episodic memory affected early in AD. We identified a deficit in the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 1 (HK1), and correcting this deficit improved the metabolic phenotype in sAD not fAD astrocytes. Importantly, the amount of HK1 at the mitochondria was shown to be reduced in sAD astrocytes, and not in fAD astrocytes. Overexpression of HK1 in sAD astrocytes increases mitochondrial HK1 levels. In fAD astrocytes HK1 levels were unaltered at the mitochondria after overexpression. This study highlights a clear metabolic deficit in AD patient-derived astrocytes and indicates how HK1, with its roles in both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, contributes to this.
Multifocal, multiphenotypic tumours arising from an MTOR mutation acquired in early embryogenesis
Authors: Pacyna Clarissa N. , Anandapadamanaban Madhanagopal , Loudon Kevin W. , Hay Iain M. , Perisic Olga , Li Ruoyan , Byrne Matthew , Allen Laura , Roberts Kirsty , Hooks Yvette , Warren Anne Y. , Stewart Grant D. , Clatworthy Menna R. , Teichmann Sarah A. , Behjati Sam , Campbell Peter J. , Williams Roger L. , Mitchell Thomas J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEmbryogenesis is a vulnerable time. Mutations in developmental cells can result in the wide dissemination of cells predisposed to disease within mature organs. We characterised the evolutionary history of four synchronous renal tumours from a 14-year-old girl using whole genome sequencing alongside single cell and bulk transcriptomic sequencing. Phylogenetic reconstruction timed the origin of all tumours to a multipotent embryonic cell committed to the right kidney, around 4 weeks post-conception. Biochemical and structural analysis of their shared MTOR mutation, absent from normal tissues, demonstrates enhanced protein flexibility, enabling a FAT domain hinge to dramatically increase activity of mTORC1 and mTORC2. Developmental mutations, not usually detected in traditional genetic screening, have vital clinical importance in guiding prognosis, targeted treatment, and family screening decisions for paediatric tumours.
Achieving excellence with interdisciplinary approaches in complex orthodontic adult patients
Authors: Schneider Ute E. M. , Moser Lorenz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOver the last decades the percentage of adult orthodontic patients has substantially increased. Undeniably, an important motif for seeking orthodontic care at an older age is smile improvement, but this is not all. Frequently, impaired dentofacial aesthetics are combined with several other issues: severe dentoskeletal malocclusions; multiple tooth loss due to caries or endodontic failure; dental agenesis or trauma; periodontal breakdown; or functional problems, such as temporomandibular disorders or obstructive sleep apnoea. Therefore, comprehensive adult treatment mostly requires close collaboration of a team of equally well-trained dental specialists to select and execute the most suitable treatment option for the individual patient from day one. With joint planning, intensive communication with the patient and the involved specialists, and continuous monitoring of the treatment process, true patient-centred care can be delivered. In order to serve the individual patient best, the treating orthodontist does not only need thorough speciality training and continuing education, but furthermore, should be well-equipped with sufficient knowledge of the other dental fields of expertise. In combination with digital technology as an important tool for enhancing communication and efficient exchange of information between all involved team members, excellent joint clinical skills will take comprehensive interdisciplinary treatment to the next level.
The orthodontic-endodontic interface: trauma and pulpal considerations
Authors: Parashos Peter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe interpretation of the clinical signs and symptoms arising from the interdisciplinary relationship between orthodontics and endodontics becomes more complicated when superimposed by dental trauma. A history of dental trauma before or during orthodontic tooth movement may have implications for pulpal health and clinical outcomes. An understanding of the biology is essential for appropriate treatment planning. This review and treatment recommendations will assist dental practitioners in managing orthodontic-endodontic interactions.
Periodontitis: orthodontic implications and management
Authors: Fleming Padhraig S. , Andrews James 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOrthodontics is increasingly ingrained in the overall management of patients with periodontitis. Advanced periodontitis is often characterised by pathological tooth migration, loss of posterior support and incisal proclination. Orthodontics may therefore offer both aesthetic and therapeutic benefit. A tailored approach to treatment, however, is necessary given the myriad of presentations and associated risk. The nuances underpinning effective treatment planning, space creation, treatment mechanics, and retention in the periodontal patient are described.