bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Alpine LGM in the boreal ice-sheets game
Authors: Monegato Giovanni , Scardia Giancarlo , Hajdas Irka , Rizzini Francesca , Piccin Andrea 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNew chronologic and stratigraphic constraints from the Garda morainic amphitheater define the extension of the last glaciation in the Adige-Sarca system and improve the Alpine LGM dataset. Together with the available chronology of the Rhine and Tagliamento systems, our results indicate a synchronous maximum culmination of Alpine glaciers during the LGM, which anticipated by about 3.5 ka the maximum extension of the Eurasian Ice Sheet (EIS). This is ascribed to the sensitivity of Alpine glaciers to the availability of moisture from southerly circulation, as recently documented by speleothem δ18O curve from Sieben Hengste (7 H). According to global circulation models, the waxing of the North American Ice Sheet (NAIS) at 26–23 ka pushed the North Atlantic jet stream southwards. This enhanced precipitation rates in southern Europe by advection of moisture from the Mediterranean Sea, triggering expansion of the Alpine glaciers. NAIS waning after 23 ka led to the gradual re-establishment of westerly circulation and renewal of a moisture supply to northern Europe, feeding the EIS to its maximum volume. Reduced supply of moisture from the Mediterranean Sea sealed the fate of the Alpine glaciers, which entered a final recessional phase after 22 ka and faded out after 17.5 ka.
Inhibition of endocytic lipid antigen presentation by common lipophilic environmental pollutants
Authors: Sharma Manju , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Shuangmin , Niu Liang , Ho Shuk-mei , Chen Aimin , Huang Shouxiong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEnvironmental pollutants as non-heritable factors are now recognized as triggers for multiple human inflammatory diseases involving T cells. We postulated that lipid antigen presentation mediated by cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) proteins for T cell activation is susceptible to lipophilic environmental pollutants. To test this notion, we determined whether the common lipophilic pollutants benzo[a]pyrene and diesel exhaust particles impact on the activation of lipid-specific T cells. Our results demonstrated that the expression of CD1a and CD1d proteins, and the activation of CD1a- and CD1d-restricted T cells were sensitively inhibited by benzo[a]pyrene even at the low concentrations detectable in exposed human populations. Similarly, diesel exhaust particles showed a marginal inhibitory effect. Using transcriptomic profiling, we discovered that the gene expression for regulating endocytic and lipid metabolic pathways was perturbed by benzo[a]pyrene. Imaging flow cytometry also showed that CD1a and CD1d proteins were retained in early and late endosomal compartments, respectively, supporting an impaired endocytic lipid antigen presentation for T cell activation upon benzo[a]pyrene exposure. This work conceptually demonstrates that lipid antigen presentation for T cell activation is inhibited by lipophilic pollutants through profound interference with gene expression and endocytic function, likely further disrupting regulatory cytokine secretion and ultimately exacerbating inflammatory diseases.
The influence of emotional interference on cognitive control: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies using the emotional Stroop task
Authors: Song Sensen , Zilverstand Anna , Song Hongwen , d’Oleire Uquillas Federico , Wang Yongming , Xie Chao , Cheng Li , Zou Zhiling 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe neural correlates underlying the influence of emotional interference on cognitive control remain a topic of discussion. Here, we assessed 16 neuroimaging studies that used an emotional Stroop task and that reported a significant interaction effect between emotion (stimulus type) and cognitive conflict. There were a total of 330 participants, equaling 132 foci for an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analysis. Results revealed consistent brain activation patterns related to emotionally-salient stimuli (as compared to emotionally-neutral trials) during cognitive conflict trials [incongruent trials (with task-irrelevant information interfering), versus congruent/baseline trials (less disturbance from task-irrelevant information)], that span the lateral prefrontal cortex (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus), the medial prefrontal cortex, and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Comparing mild emotional interference trials (without semantic conflict) versus intense emotional interference trials (with semantic conflict), revealed that while concurrent activation in similar brain regions as mentioned above was found for intense emotional interference trials, activation for mild emotional interference trials was only found in the precentral/postcentral gyrus. These data provide evidence for the potential neural mechanisms underlying emotional interference on cognitive control, and further elucidate an important distinction in brain activation patterns for different levels of emotional conflict across emotional Stroop tasks.
Method to estimate relative risk using exposed proportion and case group data
Authors: Yada Yoichi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA change in risk of an event occurring, which is affected with a factor, is a common issue in many research fields, and relative risk is widely used because of intuitive interpretation. Estimating relative risk has required data from two follow-up groups and can thus be cost and time consuming. Subjects for whom an event occurred (case group) are often observed but generally analyzed in comparison to those for whom an event did not (control group); however, estimating relative risk using case group data without approximation is hindered. In this study, an obstacle to estimate relative risk using case control data is clarified as a mathematical expression and a new equation to estimate relative risk using the exposed proportion and case group data is proposed. The proposed equation is derived without using the Bayesian methods. A method to estimate the confidence interval for the proposed estimator is also provided. The usefulness of the proposed equation, which requires neither control nor follow-up groups, is demonstrated for both theoretical and real-life examples.
Limited evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce livestock predation by large carnivores
Authors: Eklund Ann , López-Bao José Vicente , Tourani Mahdieh , Chapron Guillaume , Frank Jens 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSuccessful coexistence between large carnivores and humans is conditional upon effective mitigation of the impact of these species on humans, such as through livestock depredation. It is therefore essential for conservation practitioners, carnivore managing authorities, or livestock owners to know the effectiveness of interventions intended to reduce livestock predation by large carnivores. We reviewed the scientific literature (1990–2016), searching for evidence of the effectiveness of interventions. We found experimental and quasi-experimental studies were rare within the field, and only 21 studies applied a case-control study design (3.7% of reviewed publications). We used a relative risk ratio to evaluate the studied interventions: changing livestock type, keeping livestock in enclosures, guarding or livestock guarding dogs, predator removal, using shock collars on carnivores, sterilizing carnivores, and using visual or auditory deterrents to frighten carnivores. Although there was a general lack of scientific evidence of the effectiveness of any of these interventions, some interventions reduced the risk of depredation whereas other interventions did not result in reduced depredation. We urge managers and stakeholders to move towards an evidence-based large carnivore management practice and researchers to conduct studies of intervention effectiveness with a randomized case-control design combined with systematic reviewing to evaluate the evidence.
Parkin regulation of CHOP modulates susceptibility to cardiac endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Han Kim , Hassanzadeh Shahin , Singh Komudi , Menazza Sara , Nguyen Tiffany T. , Stevens Mark V. , Nguyen An , San Hong , Anderson Stasia A. , Lin Yongshun , Zou Jizhong , Murphy Elizabeth , Sack Michael N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe regulatory control of cardiac endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is incompletely characterized. As ER stress signaling upregulates the E3-ubiquitin ligase Parkin, we investigated the role of Parkin in cardiac ER stress. Parkin knockout mice exposed to aortic constriction-induced cardiac pressure-overload or in response to systemic tunicamycin (TM) developed adverse ventricular remodeling with excessive levels of the ER regulatory C/EBP homologous protein CHOP. CHOP was identified as a Parkin substrate and its turnover was Parkin-dose and proteasome-dependent. Parkin depletion in cardiac HL-1 cells increased CHOP levels and enhanced susceptibility to TM-induced cell death. Parkin reconstitution rescued this phenotype and the contribution of excess CHOP to this ER stress injury was confirmed by reduction in TM-induced cell death when CHOP was depleted in Parkin knockdown cardiomyocytes. Isogenic Parkin mutant iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes showed exaggerated ER stress induced CHOP and apoptotic signatures and myocardium from subjects with dilated cardiomyopathy showed excessive Parkin and CHOP induction. This study identifies that Parkin functions to blunt excessive CHOP to prevent maladaptive ER stress-induced cell death and adverse cardiac ventricular remodeling. Additionally, Parkin is identified as a novel post-translational regulatory moderator of CHOP stability and uncovers an additional stress-modifying function of this E3-ubiquitin ligase.
CarcinoPred-EL: Novel models for predicting the carcinogenicity of chemicals using molecular fingerprints and ensemble learning methods
Authors: Zhang Li , Ai Haixin , Chen Wen , Yin Zimo , Hu Huan , Zhu Junfeng , Zhao Jian , Zhao Qi , Liu Hongsheng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCarcinogenicity refers to a highly toxic end point of certain chemicals, and has become an important issue in the drug development process. In this study, three novel ensemble classification models, namely Ensemble SVM, Ensemble RF, and Ensemble XGBoost, were developed to predict carcinogenicity of chemicals using seven types of molecular fingerprints and three machine learning methods based on a dataset containing 1003 diverse compounds with rat carcinogenicity. Among these three models, Ensemble XGBoost is found to be the best, giving an average accuracy of 70.1 ± 2.9%, sensitivity of 67.0 ± 5.0%, and specificity of 73.1 ± 4.4% in five-fold cross-validation and an accuracy of 70.0%, sensitivity of 65.2%, and specificity of 76.5% in external validation. In comparison with some recent methods, the ensemble models outperform some machine learning-based approaches and yield equal accuracy and higher specificity but lower sensitivity than rule-based expert systems. It is also found that the ensemble models could be further improved if more data were available. As an application, the ensemble models are employed to discover potential carcinogens in the DrugBank database. The results indicate that the proposed models are helpful in predicting the carcinogenicity of chemicals. A web server called CarcinoPred-EL has been built for these models (http://ccsipb.lnu.edu.cn/toxicity/CarcinoPred-EL/).
Movement protein of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus is genetically unstable and negatively regulated by Ribonuclease E in E. coli
Authors: Singh Rahul Mohan , Singh Dharam , Hallan Vipin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMovement protein (MP) of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) belongs to “30 K” superfamily of proteins and members of this family are known to show a wide array of functions. In the present study this gene was found to be genetically unstable in E. coli when transformed DH5α cells were grown at 28 °C and 37 °C. However, genetic instability was not encountered at 20 °C. Heterologous over expression failed despite the use of different transcriptional promoters and translational fusion constructs. Total cell lysate when subjected to western blotting using anti-ACLSV MP antibodies, showed degradation/cleavage of the expressed full-length protein. This degradation pointed at severe proteolysis or instability of the corresponding mRNA. Predicted secondary structure analysis of the transcript revealed a potential cleavage site for an endoribonuclease (RNase E) of E. coli. The negating effect of RNase E on transcript stability and expression was confirmed by northern blotting and quantitative RT-PCR of the RNA extracted from RNase E temperature sensitive mutant (strain N3431). The five fold accumulation of transcripts at non-permissive temperature (43 °C) suggests the direct role of RNase E in regulating the expression of ACLSV MP in E. coli.
Somatic Tumor Mutations Detected by Targeted Next Generation Sequencing in Minute Amounts of Serum-Derived Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Weerts Marjolein J. A. , van Marion Ronald , Helmijr Jean C. A. , Beaufort Corine M. , Krol Niels M. G. , Trapman-Jansen Anita M. A. C. , Dinjens Winand N. M. , Sleijfer Stefan , Jansen Maurice P. H. M. , Martens John W. M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe use of blood-circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as ‘liquid-biopsy’ is explored worldwide, with hopes for its potential in providing prognostic or predictive information in cancer treatment. In exploring cfDNA, valuable repositories are biobanks containing material collected over time, however these retrospective cohorts have restrictive resources. In this study, we aimed to detect tumor-specific mutations in only minute amounts of serum-derived cfDNA by using a targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) approach. In a retrospective cohort of ten metastatic breast cancer patients, we profiled DNA from primary tumor tissue (frozen), tumor-adjacent normal tissue (formalin-fixed paraffin embedded), and three consecutive serum samples (frozen). Our presented workflow includes comparisons with matched normal DNA or in silico reference DNA to discriminate germline from somatic variants, validation of variants through the detection in at least two DNA samples of an individual, and the use of public databases on variants. By our workflow, we were able to detect a total of four variants traceable as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the sera of three of the ten patients.
Integrative analysis of genomic sequencing data reveals higher prevalence of LRP1B mutations in lung adenocarcinoma patients with COPD
Authors: Xiao Dakai , Li Fuqiang , Pan Hui , Liang Han , Wu Kui , He Jianxing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBoth chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and lung cancer are leading causes of death globally. Although COPD and lung cancer coexist frequently, it is unknown whether lung cancer patients with COPD harbor distinct genomic characteristics compared to those without COPD. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed genomic sequencing data from 272 patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and compared the genetic alterations in LUAD patients with and without COPD. Integrative analysis of whole-genome and exome sequencing data revealed that COPD and non-COPD groups showed high concordance in mutational burden and spectra. Notably, we also found that EGFR mutations were more prevalent in LUAD patients without COPD, whereas mutated LRP1B was more frequently observed in LUAD patients with COPD. In addition, multi-variable analysis with logistic regression demonstrated that mutation of LRP1B was a predictive marker for the presence of COPD in the patients with LUAD. Our analysis demonstrated for the first time the high concordance in genomic alterations between the tumors from LUAD patients with and without COPD. We also identified higher prevalence of LRP1B among the LUAD patients with COPD, which might help understand the underlying mechanisms which link COPD and lung cancer.
Suppression of cognitive function in hyperthermia; From the viewpoint of executive and inhibitive cognitive processing
Authors: Shibasaki Manabu , Namba Mari , Oshiro Misaki , Kakigi Ryusuke , Nakata Hiroki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractClimate change has had a widespread impact on humans and natural systems. Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition in severe environments. The execution or inhibition of decision making is critical for survival in a hot environment. We hypothesized that, even with mild heat stress, not only executive processing, but also inhibitory processing may be impaired, and investigated the effectiveness of body cooling approaches on these processes using the Go/No-go task with electroencephalographic event-related potentials. Passive heat stress increased esophageal temperature (Tes) by 1.30 ± 0.24 °C and decreased cerebral perfusion and thermal comfort. Mild heat stress reduced the amplitudes of the Go-P300 component (i.e. execution) and No-go-P300 component (i.e. inhibition). Cerebral perfusion and thermal comfort recovered following face/head cooling, however, the amplitudes of the Go-P300 and No-go-P300 components remained reduced. During whole-body cooling, the amplitude of the Go-P300 component returned to the pre-heat baseline, whereas that of the No-go-P300 component remained reduced. These results suggest that local cooling of the face and head does not restore impaired cognitive processing during mild heat stress, and response inhibition remains impaired despite the return to normothermia.
Internal Audit of the Canadian Neonatal Network Data Collection System
Authors: Seidlitz Wendy , Chan Priscilla , Yeh Sonny , Musrap Natasha , Lee Shoo , Shah Prakesh ,   on behalf of data abstractors of the Canadian Neonatal Network
Published: May 2017

Background Neonatal databases worldwide have become a prominent tool for benchmarking, evaluation of outcomes, and quality improvement initiatives. We aimed to assess the precision of the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) database by conducting an internal audit of data extraction.
Methods An audit was conducted in all 31 neonatal units participating in the CNN. Ninety-five data items selected for reabstraction were classified into categories (critical, important, less important) based on predefined agreement rates. Five records were randomly selected at each site for reabstraction, including one short (3–7 days), two medium (8–12 days), and two long (18–22 days) stay cases. Agreement rates for each data item were calculated for individual units and across the network.
Results A total of 155 cases and 14,725 data fields were reabstracted. The overall agreement rates for critical, important, and less important data items were 98.0, 96.1, and 96.3%, respectively. Individual site variation for discrepancies ranged between 0.2 and 12.8% for all collected data items.
Conclusion Neonatal data extraction within the CNN database structure exhibited high precision; thereby, revealing the reliability of our data abstraction for neonatal demographic, processes of care, and outcomes information. An independent external audit of data extraction would be beneficial.
Validierung der deutschen Version des Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI)
Authors: Brüggemann Petra , Szczepek Agnieszka , Kleinjung Tobias , Ojo Michael , Mazurek Birgit 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Tinnitus ist eine Dysfunktion im Hörsystem mit deutlicher Beeinträchtigung der Patienten durch assoziierte Komorbidität wie Hörstörungen, Schlaf- und Konzentrationsprobleme oder affektive Verstimmungen. Mind. 5% der Bevölkerung sind von Tinnitus betroffen, mind. 2% Prozent leiden unter einem behandlungsbedürftigen Ohrgeräusch. Im englischsprachigen Raum wurde ein neuer Fragebogen zur Diagnostik und zur Messung von Therapieeffekten entwickelt, der Tinnitus-Functional Index (TFI).
Die vorliegende Validierung einer deutschsprachigen Version des Tinnitus-Functional Index (TFI) wurde an 229 Patienten mit chronischem Tinnitus durchgeführt. Als Referenzskala diente der Tinnitusfragebogen von Goebel u. Hiller und die „Hamburger Allgemeine Depressionsskala“ (HADS). Eine Messwiederholung nach 7 Tagen Therapie diente zur Messung der Veränderungssensitivität.
Die faktorenanalytische Überprüfung resultiert in 8 Subskalen wie von Meikle et al. [2012] für das Original beschrieben. Die deutsche Fassung des TFI erreicht eine exzellente Reliabilität (Cronbach’s α=0,93) und die interne Skalenkonsistenz entsprach der TFI-Originalversion. Die Korrelation des TFI mit dem Tinnitusfragebogen betrug r=0,83, und mit dem HADS r=0,49 für die Depressionsitems und r=0,51 für die Angstitems.
Die Ergebnisse sprechen für die Validität des deutschsprachigen TFI. Er erweist sich als ein schnelles und statistisch belastbares Instrument zur Bestimmung der Tinnitusbeeinträchtigung und zur Messung von Veränderungseffekten durch Therapie.
Phake Intraokularlinsen
Authors: Hengerer Fritz H. , Conrad-Hengerer Ina 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Implantation von phaken Intraokularlinsen stellt eine etablierte Therapieform zur Korrektur von höhergradigen Ametropien bei Myopie und Hyperopie sowie kombinierten Refraktionszuständen mit Astigmatismen dar. Bei der Anwendung sind gewisse anatomische und refraktive Voraussetzungen zu beachten. Der Artikel beschreibt die aktuell gängigen Verfahren und Intraokularlinsensysteme unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Möglichkeiten und Grenzen.
Virtuelle Planung bei der epithetischen Orbitaversorgung
Authors: Veit Johannes , Thierauf Julia , Egner Kornelius , Wiggenhauser Paul , Friedrich Daniel , Greve Jens , Schuler Patrick , Hoffmann Thomas , Schramm Alexander 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die optimale epithetische Versorgung von Patienten mit orbitalen Defekten stellt eine Herausforderung dar. Sowohl das Wählen des Implantations-Winkels als auch die Positionierung der Einzelimplantate kann bei inkorrekter Ausführung bei der Abformung, der Herstellung und dem Tragen der Epithese zu Problemen führen.
Wir führten eine virtuelle Planung der enossalen Implantation an einem 3D-CT-Datensatz mit der Software CoDiagnostiX ™(DentalWings, Montréal, Kanada) durch. Mittels 3D-Druckverfahren erfolgte die Herstellung einer plastischen-Insertionsschablone (Med-610™, Stratasys, Rehovot, Israel).
Bei einem 41-jährigen Patienten wurde bei Schrumpfung des Lidapparates nach Enukleation und Radiatio der linken Orbita vor 20 Jahren, nun eine Exenteratio orbitae durchgeführt. Im Anschluss erfolgte das Einbringen von 4 Vistafix-3 Implantaten (Cochlear™ Centennial, USA) mittels 3D-Schablone. Die Abformung und Epithesenanpassung im Verlauf war problemlos möglich und ergab eine sehr gute funktionelle und ästhetische Rehabilitation des Patienten.
Die virtuelle 3D-Planung der knochenverankerten epithetischen Versorgung von Orbitadefekten ist gut durchführbar und führt zu einer optimalen Platzierung der Implantate insbesondere bei posttherapeutisch veränderten anatomischen Verhältnissen der Orbitaregion.