bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Various Methods of Fat Harvesting and Reinjection
Authors: Shiffman Melvin A. 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Autologous fat transplantation is an excellent tool for filling defects and augmenting tissue. The literature has provided a variety of reports with different degrees of success or failure. The procedure is operator dependent and relies on the techniques of harvesting, cleansing, and reinjection. The author evaluates the various techniques to see their effect on the viability of the fat cells. Materials and Methods: Fat was removed from 4 patients for collection and reinjection by use of various cannulas, needles, suction pressures, and centrifugation. External ultrasound was evaluated before the operation, as was the use of the ratchet gun for injection. The fat was routinely cleansed of blood and tumescent solution products by means of washing with normal saline and then decanting repeatedly until the infranatant solution was clear. Results: Histologic examination of the fat cells showed that the central core of fat and edges of the core had 95–100% intact cells (presumably viable) in every specimen except when a −700 mm Hg vacuum was used for fat collection and cell damage was >10%. Preoperative external ultrasound did not appear to damage the fat cells but did disrupt some of the fibrous tissue holding the fat cells in large bundles. Discussion: The variety of techniques used to collect, clean, and reinject fat do not damage the fat cells except for the collection of fat in a −700 mm Hg vacuum. External ultrasound before the operation does not destroy fat cells but produces smaller bundles of fat. The ratchet gun does not result in increased fat cell loss.
Female Drug Offenders: HIV-Related Risk Behavior, Self-Perceptions and Public Health Implications
Authors: Brewer, Victoria E. , Marquart, James W. , Mullings, Janet L. , Crouch Ben 
Published: January 2017

One-third of women entering U.S. prisons between 1986 and 1991 were drug offenders (Bureau of Justice Statistics 1993). In turn, between 1991 and 1995, the number of HIV-positive prisoners grew at about the same rate (38%) as the overall prison population (36%) (BJS 1997). This paper describes 188 drug-offending females upon admission to a state prison, with an emphasis on their self-reported HIV-related behavioral histories. We analyze the self-reported health histories, drug and sexual high-risk behaviors, and self-perceptions of risk of these women. We also examine their attitudes toward drugs and alcohol as a personal problem and toward treatment, as compared to property and violent offenders. We find that drug-offending females have histories of multiple HIV/AIDS-related risk behaviors, yet perceive their HIV infection risk as low. Unlike women incarcerated for property or violent offenses, a significant propor tion of drug offenders with personal drug and alcohol problems is interested in participating in substance abuse treatment. These findings support our contention that correctional administrators have a narrow, yet critical, window of opportunity to provide drug and alcohol treatment, AIDS education, and self-efficacy training to these women during their few years of incarceration.
Knowledge discovery and data mining in toxicology
Authors: Helma Christoph , Gottmann Eva , Kramer Stefan 
Published: January 2017

Knowledge discovery and data mining tools are gaining increasing importance for the analysis of toxicological databases. This paper gives a survey of algorithms, capable to derive interpretable models from toxicological data, and presents the most important application areas. The majority of techniques in this area were derived from symbolic machine learning, one commercial product was developed especially for toxicological applications. The main application area is presently the detection of structure-activity relationships, very few authors have used these techniques to solve problems in epidemiological and clinical toxicology. Although the discussed algorithms are very flexible and powerful, further research is required to adopt the algorithms to the specific learning problems in this area, to develop improved representations of chemical and biological data and to enhance the interpretability of the derived models for toxicological experts.
Effect of Suture Caliber and Number of Core Strands on Repair of Acute Achilles Ruptures: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Backus Jonathon D. , Marchetti Daniel Cole , Slette Erik L. , Dahl Kimi D. , Turnbull Travis Lee , Clanton Thomas O. 
Published: January 2017

Background: Controversy exists regarding the ideal Achilles rupture treatment; however, operative treatment is considered for athletes and active patients. The ideal repair construct is evolving, and the effect of suture caliber or number of core strands has not been studied. Methods: Simulated mid-substance Achilles ruptures were performed in 24 cadavers. Specimens were randomized to three 6-core-strand style repair constructs: (1) 4 No. 2 sutures and two 2-mm tapes (2T); (2) 2 No. 2 sutures and four 2-mm tapes (4T); (3) 12 (double-6-strand) strand repair (12 No. 2-0 sutures [12S]). Repairs were subjected to a cyclic loading protocol representative of postoperative rehabilitation. These data were compared to a previously published standard open repair technique (6-core strands with No. 2 sutures) on 9 specimens tested under the same conditions.6 Results: No significant elongation differences were observed between the repair groups and the previously published standard repair group in the first 2 stages of the simulated rehabilitation protocol. Both the 2T and 12S repairs survived a significantly greater number of cycles to failure ( P = 0.0005, P = 0.0267, respectively) and had a significantly higher failure load ( P = .0005, P = .0118, respectively) compared to the previously published data. These 2 constructs consistently survived the advanced stages of the simulated rehabilitation protocol. The majority of repairs failed at the knots. Conclusions: In this study, the 2T and 12S constructs survived the later stages of our simulated rehabilitation protocol, suggesting that they may be able to accommodate a more aggressive clinical rehabilitation protocol. Substituting suture-tape for 2 core strands or doubling the core strands with a smaller-caliber suture created a biomechanically stronger construct. Clinical Relevance: Achilles repair with an added nonabsorbable, high–tensile strength tape allowed for a stronger construct that may allow for a more aggressive, early rehabilitation protocol and earlier return to function.
Impairment of social cognition in multiple sclerosis: Amygdala atrophy is the main predictor
Authors: Batista Sonia , d’Almeida Otília C , Afonso Ana , Freitas Sandra , Macário Carmo , Sousa Lívia , Castelo-Branco Miguel , Santana Isabel , Cunha Luís 
Published: January 2017

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently reveal social behavior disturbance. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the impact of MS on social cognition, particularly theory of mind (ToM), and its neural basis. Objectives: To explore how ToM is affected in MS and its neural correlates. Methods: Enrolled 60 consecutive MS patients and 60 healthy controls (HC) matched on age, sex, and education. Participants underwent ToM testing (Eyes Test, Videos Test) and 3 T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using Freesurfer software, cortical and subcortical gray matter (GM) volumes were calculated. Results: MS patients performed worse on Eyes Test (58.7% ± 13.8% vs 81.9% ± 10.4%, p < 0.001) and Videos Test (75.3% ± 9.3% vs 88.1% ± 7.1%, p < 0.001). Eyes Test performance in MS was positively correlated with the volume of subcortical structures (amygdala, putamen) and cortical regions (entorhinal cortex, fusiform gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, medial orbitofrontal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus). In regression analysis, amygdala volume was the single predictor of performance ( R2 change = 0.064, p = 0.031), and a mediation analysis indicated that it contributes for the differences observed between MS and HC. Conclusion: Patients with MS have impairment on social cognition. Amygdala atrophy was the main predictor probably due to its central position within the “social brain” network.
Genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis: Brain structure and cognitive function in the general population
Authors: Ikram Mohammad Arfan , Vernooij Meike W , Roshchupkin Gennady V , Hofman Albert , van Duijn Cornelia M , Uitterlinden André G , Niessen Wiro J , Hintzen Rogier Q , Adams Hieab HH 
Published: January 2017

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects brain structure and cognitive function and has a heritable component. Over a 100 common genetic risk variants have been identified, but most carriers do not develop MS. For other neurodegenerative diseases, risk variants have effects outside patient populations, but this remains uninvestigated for MS. Objectives: To study the effect of MS-associated genetic variants on brain structure and cognitive function in the general population. Methods: We studied middle-aged and elderly individuals (mean age = 65.7 years) from the population-based Rotterdam Study. We determined 107 MS variants and additionally created a risk score combining all variants. Magnetic resonance imaging ( N = 4710) was performed to obtain measures of brain macrostructure, white matter microstructure, and gray matter voxel-based morphometry. A cognitive test battery ( N = 7556) was used to test a variety of cognitive domains. Results: The MS risk score was associated with smaller gray matter volume over the whole brain (βstandardized = −0.016; p = 0.044), but region-specific analyses did not survive multiple testing correction. Similarly, no significant associations with brain structure were observed for individual variants. For cognition, rs2283792 was significantly associated with poorer memory (β = −0.064; p = 3.4 × 10−5). Conclusion: Increased genetic susceptibility to MS may affect brain structure and cognition in persons without disease, pointing to a “hidden burden” of MS.
Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is not preceded by elevated drug concentrations
Authors: van Kempen Zoé LE , Leurs Cyra E , Vennegoor Anke , Wattjes Mike P , Rispens Theo , Uitdehaag Bernard MJ , Killestein Joep 
Published: January 2017

Background: In recent years, a small but increasing number of neurologists choose to extend dose intervals of natalizumab with the aim of reducing the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). This idea is based on the hypothesis that high drug concentrations increase the risk of PML. Objective: We investigated the relation between longitudinal natalizumab concentrations in patients who developed PML and patients who did not develop PML. Methods: In a prospective observational cohort study of 219 patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab, serum samples were taken every 12 weeks prior to natalizumab infusion. In this cohort, 5 patients developed PML and were matched with 10 patients from the cohort who did not develop PML. Natalizumab concentrations were measured in available samples, and the longitudinal results were compared between the two patient groups. Results: Mean natalizumab concentrations in the five patients developing PML was 18.9 µg/mL (standard deviation (SD): ±13.4) versus 23.8 µg/mL (SD: ±11.5) of the control patients. Furthermore, we did not observe a clear rise in concentration levels in patients subsequently developing PML. Conclusion: Our results provide preliminary evidence that contradicts the hypothesis that exposure to elevated concentrations of natalizumab is a relevant risk factor of developing PML.
Identification of cellulose nitrate based adhesive repairs in archaeological pottery of the University of Melbourne’s Middle Eastern archaeological pottery collection using portable FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and PCA
Authors: Noake Emily , Lau Deborah , Nel Petronella 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A previous study of the Cypriot pottery collection housed in the Ian Potter Museum of Art at the University of Melbourne found approximately two-thirds of adhesive repairs are primarily composed of cellulose nitrate (CN). This is of concern as CN has a limited lifespan (6–20 years), which has implications for the strategic management of the collection. To gain a greater understanding of the prevalence of CN based adhesive repairs in the archaeological context, the original FTIR-ATR spectroscopic survey was extended to incorporate the University’s Middle Eastern archaeological pottery collection. Micro-samples were removed from artefacts using acetone swabs. Analysis of adhesive FTIR spectra identified CN to be present not only as the primary polymer in approximately one-tenth of repairs, but also as a secondary polymer in poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and acrylic adhesive formulations, observed as a weak peak at ~1656 cm−1. CN’s secondary presence in PVAc adhesive formulations is demonstrated using principal component analysis (PCA) and the diphenylamine spot test for CN. Re-analysis of adhesive IR spectra from the Cypriot pottery collection found CN to be present as a secondary polymer in this collection as well. It is concluded a combined methodology of collecting and identifying FTIR-ATR spectra of adhesive repairs from archaeological pottery collections followed by PCA analysis bring to light adhesive formulations which can inform the management of pottery collections.
Permanent draft genome of Thiobacillus thioparus DSM 505T, an obligately chemolithoautotrophic member of the Betaproteobacteria
Authors: Hutt Lee P. , Huntemann Marcel , Clum Alicia , Pillay Manoj , Palaniappan Krishnaveni , Varghese Neha , Mikhailova Natalia , Stamatis Dimitrios , Reddy Tatiparthi , Daum Chris , Shapiro Nicole , Ivanova Natalia , Kyrpides Nikos , Woyke Tanja , Boden Rich 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThiobacillus thioparus DSM 505T is one of first two isolated strains of inorganic sulfur-oxidising Bacteria. The original strain of T. thioparus was lost almost 100 years ago and the working type strain is Culture CT (=DSM 505T = ATCC 8158T) isolated by Starkey in 1934 from agricultural soil at Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA. It is an obligate chemolithoautotroph that conserves energy from the oxidation of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds using the Kelly-Trudinger pathway and uses it to fix carbon dioxide It is not capable of heterotrophic or mixotrophic growth. The strain has a genome size of 3,201,518 bp. Here we report the genome sequence, annotation and characteristics. The genome contains 3,135 protein coding and 62 RNA coding genes. Genes encoding the transaldolase variant of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle were also identified and an operon encoding carboxysomes, along with Smith’s biosynthetic horseshoe in lieu of Krebs’ cycle sensu stricto. Terminal oxidases were identified, viz. cytochrome c oxidase (cbb3, EC 1.9.3.1) and ubiquinol oxidase (bd, EC 1.10.3.10). There is a partial sox operon of the Kelly-Friedrich pathway of inorganic sulfur-oxidation that contains soxXYZAB genes but lacking soxCDEF, there is also a lack of the DUF302 gene previously noted in the sox operon of other members of the ‘Proteobacteria’ that can use trithionate as an energy source. In spite of apparently not growing anaerobically with denitrification, the nar, nir, nor and nos operons encoding enzymes of denitrification are found in the T. thioparus genome, in the same arrangements as in the true denitrifier T. denitrificans.
A prospective study of time to healing and hypertrophic scarring in paediatric burns: every day counts
Authors: Chipp Elizabeth , Charles Lisa , Thomas Clare , Whiting Kate , Moiemen Naiem , Wilson Yvonne 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background
It is commonly accepted that burns taking longer than 3 weeks to heal have a much higher rate of hypertrophic scarring than those which heal more quickly. However, some of our patients develop hypertrophic scars despite healing within this 3-week period.

Methods
We performed a prospective study of 383 paediatric burns treated non-operatively at a regional burns centre over a 2-year period from May 2011 to April 2013. Scar assessment was performed by a senior burns therapist using the Vancouver Scar Scale.

Results
Overall rates of hypertrophic scarring were 17.2%. Time to healing was the strongest predictor of developing hypertrophic scarring, and the earliest hypertrophic scar developed in a patient who was healed after 8 days. The risk of hypertrophic scarring was multiplied by 1.138 for every additional day taken for the burn wound to heal. There was a trend towards higher rates of hypertrophic scarring in non-white skin types but this did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions
The risk of hypertrophic scarring increases with every day and, therefore, every effort should be made to get the wound healed as quickly as possible, even within the traditional 3-week period usually allowed for healing. We believe that the traditional dogma of aiming for healing within 3 weeks is overly simplistic and should be abandoned: in paediatric burns, every day counts.

Trial registration
Not applicable.
Acmeological Approach to Development of Managers’ Innovational Activity
Authors: Валенсия  , Valencia Alina 
Published: January 2017

The article is dedicated to the issues of development of managers’ innovational activity as one of main
competences and characteristics of personal and professional development and marketing competitiveness of the
company. This aspect is analyzed according to psychological and acmeological approach representing manager as
a subject of changes. The article presents results of practical research of dynamics of development of managers’
innovational activity and theoretical model of managers’ innovational activity.
Nurses' practice in preventing postoperative wound infections: an observational study
Authors: Ding S. , Lin F. , Marshall A.P. , Gillespie B.M. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are serious postoperative complications that may lead to undesired patient outcomes. Previous research has used survey and chart audit methods to describe wound care practices. However, little research has been published using contemporaneous observations to describe the surgical wound management practices of nurses. The aim of this study was to prospectively describe surgical nurses' postoperative wound care practices and the extent to which observed surgical wound practices aligned with evidence-based guideline recommendations. Method: In this cross-sectional prospective study, we observed a convenience sample of 60 nurses from four surgical units using a specifically developed observational audit tool. Inter-rater reliability for this tool was assessed during the observation period. Results: Of 60 observed episodes of wound care, post-procedure hand hygiene (n=49, 81.7%) was less evident compared with pre-procedure hand hygiene practice (n=57, 95%). Over one-third of nurses observed did not correctly use clean gloves (n=16, 38.1%) and one in five did not properly use sterile gloves (n=4, 22%). More than half of surgical nurses (n=37, 61.7%) did not educate patients on post-discharge wound management. Fewer than a quarter (n=14, 23.3%) of wound care events were recorded on both wound assessment charts and patients' progress notes. Inter-rater reliability testing indicated good agreement (intra-class correlation coefficient 0.859; 95% CI: 0.771–0.923; p<0.0005). Conclusion: Despite surgical wound care guideline recommendations on aseptic technique compliance, patient education, wound assessment and documentation practices, there is a clear gap between recommended and observed wound care practice. This study highlights an area where clinical practice is not reflective of evidence-based recommendations, suggesting that to minimise SSI as an adverse event, practice should be evaluated and strategies incorporating evidence into practice are explored.
Ethnic humour in a multicultural society
Authors: Gogová Lenka 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe coexistence of different cultures in specific pluralistic settings not only has positive but also negative impacts. Besides exchanging cultural contents within a multicultural environment, societies use humour as a form of social interaction, which reinforces cultural interrelationships as well as ethnical differences. However, humour differs from culture to culture and from individual to individual. On the one hand, it develops social cohesion, fosters positive relations and increases the self-identification of the individual in relation to other ethnic groups, but on the other hand, it functions as an acceptable and tolerated form of aggression in a particular society. The bipolar character of humour stems from its status and functions. It serves both as a social unifier and a social separator. The most common paradigms of humour in social discourse are ethnic jokes or cartoons that are often built on fixed ethnic/racial stereotypes leading to social categorization but also to fast and correct decoding of semantic information by an audience. Ethnic jokes are social thermometers, recording and measuring the level of sensitivity towards specific cultural groups. The main aim of this paper is to introduce ethnic humour and its key functions in the context of ongoing cultural interactions and changes.
Communication across cultures: ideological implications of Sam Selvon’s linguistic inventiveness
Authors: Klimková Simona 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In the postcolonial context, language represents one of the crucial tools of cultural communication and is therefore often a subject of heated discussion. Since language constitutes the framework of cultural interaction, postcolonial authors often challenge the privileged position of Standard English within their writing by modifying and substituting it with new forms and varieties. The Trinidad-born writer Sam Selvon belongs to a handful of Caribbean authors who initiated linguistic experiments in the context of Caribbean literature and is considered one of the first Caribbean writers to employ dialect in a novel. His 1956 novel The Lonely Londoners reflects the possibilities of vernacular experimentation and thus communicates the specific experience of a particular cultural group in an authentic way.
Thermal Degradation Study of Decabromodiphenyl Ether. Translating Thermo-Analytical Results into Optimal Chromatographic Conditions
Authors: Dumitras Mihai , Maftei Dan , Isac Dragos L. , Airinei Anton , Dirtu Alin C. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the thermal degradation behavior of decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE 209), a flame retardant (FR) which accounts for more than 90% of the total polybrominated diphenyl ethers reported for indoor dust samples collected from Eastern Romania. Simultaneous TG/DTA was applied under various heating rate and atmospheres. The results of this study showed that BDE 209 undergoes thermal degradation in a single step, regardless of the heating rate or atmosphere, with an initial degradation temperature between 297 and 330 °C, depending on the heating rate, and a partial overlapping of melting and thermal degradation in the initial stages which might suggest that the common degradation noticed for the higher brominated FRs analysis might also occur during sample preparation or during injection of the extracts in the GC systems and not necessarily during column elution. The main findings of this research were aimed at designing proper GC analytical methods for the selected halogenated contaminants.
K2FeZrP3O12 as an Efficient Catalyst for Friedel–Crafts Benzylation under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Sheikhan Nafisehsadat , Hajipour Abdol R. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
K2FeZrP3O12 was prepared by sol-gel method and used as a mild and efficient solid acid catalyst for Friedel-Crafts benzylation of various arenes with benzyl bromide under solvent-free conditions. The method is green and has high yields.