bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary intervention for preventing food allergy in children
Authors: Wang Yichao , Allen Katrina J. , Koplin Jennifer J. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
In the past decade, food allergy has been increasingly recognized as an important public health issue. The role of maternal and infant diet in the development of food allergy has been a major focus of research throughout this period. Recently, research in this area has moved from observational studies to intervention trials, and the findings from these trials have started to influence infant feeding guidelines. In this article, we review recent studies of dietary interventions for preventing food allergy, summarize current knowledge and discuss future research directions.

Recent findings
The latest result from an intervention trial shows that introduction of peanut in the first year of life reduces the risk of peanut allergy in high-risk infants. A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials also suggests a protective effect of egg introduction from around 4 to 6 months of age for reducing the risk of egg allergy, with most studies conducted in high-risk infants. Despite several intervention trials involving modifications to the maternal diet, the effect of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation in preventing food allergy remains unclear.

Summary
Earlier introduction of allergenic foods is a promising intervention to reduce the risk of some food allergies in high-risk infants. Further work is needed to improve knowledge of how to prevent food allergy in the general population.
Validation of Fear of Falling and Balance Confidence Assessment Scales in Persons With Dystonia
Authors: Boyce Melani J. , Lam Lawrence , Chang Florence , Mahant Neil , Fung Victor S. C. , Bradnam Lynley 
Published: September 2017

Background and Purpose:
Falls are problematic for people living with neurological disorders and a fear of falling can impact on actual falls. Fear of falling is commonly assessed using the Falls Self-Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) or the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. These scales can predict risk of falling. We aimed to validate the FES-I and the ABC in persons with dystonia.

Methods:
We conducted an online survey of people with dystonia, collecting information on demographics, 6-month falls history, dystonia disability, and the FES-I and ABC scales. Scales were validated for structural validity and internal consistency. We also examined goodness-of-fit, convergent validity, and predictive validity, and determined cutoff scores for predicting falls risk.

Results:
Survey responses (n = 122) showed that both FES-I and ABC scales have high internal validity and convergent validity with the Functional Disability Questionnaire in persons with dystonia. Each scale examines a single factor, fear of falling (FES-I) and balance confidence (ABC). At least one fall was reported by 39% of participants; the cutoff value for falls risk was found to be 29.5 and 71.3 for the FES-I and the ABC respectively.

Discussion and Conclusions:
The FES-I and the ABC scales are valid scales to examine fear of falling and balance confidence in persons with dystonia. Fear of falling is high and balance confidence is low and both are worse in those with dystonia who have previously fallen.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A182).
Dolichoectasia of Vertebrobasilar Arteries as a Cause of Hydrocephalus and Ischemic Cerebral Stroke
Authors: Zdravković Miodrag , Kostov Milos , Petrovic Sladjana , Zdravkovic Jovana 
Published: September 2017

Introduction
Dolichoectasia of vertebrobasilar artery is a rare vasculopathy, which is characterized by ectasia, elongation, and tortuosity of the basilar artery.

Case Description
A 85-year-old man was referred to the Clinic of Neurology with sudden-onset coma. A brain computed tomography scan showed remarkable fusiform dilatation with elongation of basilar artery, with compressive effect on brain stem. Autopsy confirmed existence of vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia, with organized old thrombus and partially with recent occlusive thrombosis. The histology and immunohistochemical staining were showing a loss of the elastic tissue with significant fibrosis in the tunica media and small groups of foam macrophages and cholesterol crystals in atherosclerotic plaque.

Conclusions
We presented a case of dolichoectasia of vertebrobasilar artery with an obstructive hydrocephalus, due to direct compression on pons and midbrain, which is an extremely rare entity. This case had been analyzed during the patient's life through clinical, laboratory, and radiology examinations and after he died through autopsy.
Autologous Fat Injection versus Lundborg Resection Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Trapeziometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Erne Holger C. , Cerny Michael K. , Ehrl Denis , Bauer Anna T. , Schmauss Verena , Moog Philipp , Broer Peter N. , Loew Steffen , Schmauss Daniel 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Various operative approaches exist for treatment of trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to compare the results of Lundborg resection arthroplasty with solely autologous fat injection.

Methods:
Twenty-one patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint (Eaton-Littler classification stages III/IV) underwent either a Lundborg resection arthroplasty (n = 12) or autologous fat injection into the trapeziometacarpal joint (n = 9). Both groups were comparable regarding demographic and clinical data. Patient records were evaluated retrospectively regarding operative time; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire score; postoperative time until resolution of symptoms; pain level; grip and pinch force; and satisfaction with the treatment.

Results:
Both groups had similar length of follow-up of at least 12 months. The duration of the operation was significantly shorter in the fat group (13 ± 5 minutes) compared with the resection group (31 ± 5 minutes) (p < 0.05). The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire score (resection group, 21.9 ± 6.2; fat group, 24.0 ± 5.0) and the pain level at follow-up (resection group, 1.0 ± 0.7; fat group, 2.9 ± 0.8) were comparable (p > 0.05). The time until complete resolution of symptoms was significantly shorter in the fat group (1.7 ± 2.1 months) compared with the resection group (5.7 ± 3.1 months) (p < 0.05). Grip and pinch strength and overall satisfaction with the treatment were comparable (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Both autologous fat grafting and Lundborg resection arthroplasty resulted in improved function of the operative hand and a clear reduction of symptoms, whereas autologous fat injection seems to have advantages attributable to a shorter time until resolution of symptoms and shorter operative times.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
22 Cases of Breast Implant–Associated ALCL: Awareness and Outcome Tracking from the Italian Ministry of Health
Authors: Campanale Antonella , Boldrini Rosaria , Marletta Marcella 
Published: September 2017

Background:
To date, 359 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) in women with breast implants (breast implant–associated ALCL [BIA-ALCL]) worldwide have been reported among more than 10 million patients who have received implants, but health care authorities suspect this is a possible underestimation, and the limited number of cases makes it difficult to clarify its cause. The General Directorate of Medical Devices and Pharmaceutical Services of the Italian Ministry of Health has examined and studied the Italian BIA-ALCL cases.

Methods:
An official document has been diffused to all medical associations, aiming at encouraging all physicians to notify each BIA-ALCL case. A retrospective study has been performed on the notified BIA-ALCL cases collected in the database named Dispovigilance.

Results:
Research on Dispovigilance returns a list of 22 BIA-ALCL cases. The mean patient age was 49.6 years (range, 30 to 71 years). The average time to the onset of the symptoms was 6.8 years (range, 1 to 22 years). The average time to diagnosis was 7.8 years (range, 4 to 22 years). The estimated incidence of the Italian BIA-ALCL cases related to 2015 is 2.8 per 100,000 patients.

Conclusions:
The pathogenesis of BIA-ALCL remains unknown. The establishment of a national breast implant registry is needed to better understand some aspects of this disease. Future genetic studies on the population affected could clarify why only some patients with implants develop this disease.
The Effect of Perinatal Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents on Adult Mice Behavior
Authors: Khairinisa Miski Aghnia , Takatsuru Yusuke , Amano Izuki , Erdene Khongorzul , Nakajima Takahito , Kameo Satomi , Koyama Hiroshi , Tsushima Yoshito , Koibuchi Noriyuki 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of perinatal exposure to gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) on the behavior of adulthood offspring.

Materials and Methods
Pregnant Balb/C mice (n = 5 per group) were intravenously injected with gadoterate meglumine (Magnescope, macrocyclic GBCA), gadodiamide (Omniscan, linear GBCA), or vehicle from pregnancy day 15 to 19, corresponding to embryonic day 15 to 19 of the fetus, at 2 mmol/kg body weight per day. Brain samples from dams and pups were collected on postpartum day 28. The total Gd concentration was quantified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (dams, n = 3; gadoterate meglumine-treated pups group, n = 9; and gadodiamide-treated pups group, n = 10). Behavioral testing of offspring was started on postpartum day 70 (control group, n = 22; gadoterate meglumine-treated group, n = 23; and gadodiamide-treated group, n = 20).

Results
Higher levels of Gd retention were observed in dams and pups in the gadodiamide-treated group. Perinatal exposure to GBCAs caused anxiety-like behavior, disrupted motor coordination, impaired memory function, stimulated tactile sensitivity, and decreased muscle strength, particularly in the gadodiamide-treated group.

Conclusions
In the present study, we showed that Gd was transferred to pups and was retained in their brain during postnatal development. Gadolinium retention may lead to impaired brain development. These findings indicate that the use of GBCAs in pregnant women should be avoided because it may have adverse effects on the fetus, particularly on brain development.
ACR–SPR–STR Practice Parameter for the Performance of Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography (PET/CT) Imaging
Authors: Subramaniam Rathan M. , Janowitz Warren R. , Johnson Geoffrey B. , Lodge Martin A. , Parisi Marguerite T. , Ferguson Mark R. , Hellinger Jeffrey C. , Gladish Gregory W. , Gupta Narainder K. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This clinical practice parameter has been developed collaboratively by the American College of Radiology (ACR), the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR), and the Society of Thoracic Radiology (STR). This document is intended to act as a guide for physicians performing and interpreting positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) of cardiac diseases in adults and children. The primary value of cardiac PET/CT imaging include evaluation of perfusion, function, viability, inflammation, anatomy, and risk stratification for cardiac-related events such as myocardial infarction and death. Optimum utility of cardiac PET/CT is achieved when images are interpreted in conjunction with clinical information and laboratory data. Measurement of myocardial blood flow, coronary flow reserve and detection of balanced ischemia are significant advantages of cardiac PET perfusion studies. Increasingly cardiac PET/CT is used in diagnosis and treatment response assessment for cardiac sarcoidosis.
A Shift in the Orbit: Immediate Endoscopic Reconstruction After Transnasal Orbital Tumors Resection
Authors: Colletti Giacomo , Saibene Alberto M. , Pessina Federico , Duvina Marco , Allevi Fabiana , Felisati Giovanni , Biglioli Federico 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Endoscopic endonasal resection of orbital lesions is a safe and common approach. Nevertheless, medial orbital wall defects following the procedure are not routinely addressed, potentially leading to diplopia and enophthalmos. In this article, the authors propose a new technique for purely endoscopic endonasal reconstruction of orbital wall defects following endoscopic endonasal resection of orbital lesions.
The patient, a 43-year-old male, suffering from right exophthalmos and diplopia due to a venous malformation of the right orbit underwent endoscopic endonasal resection of the mass. Excision was followed by immediate transnasal endoscopic reconstruction with a commercially available porous polyethylene mesh (Medpor).
The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient did not report any residual orbital asymmetry or diplopia. No recurrence of the venous malformation, mesh infection, or reconstruction instability was reported during the follow-up.
The authors believe that this new technique could spur head and neck surgeons in strategically rethinking their approach to orbital tumors, proposing reconstruction to patients on a routine basis, and developing even more reliable and manageable solutions.
Immediate Dental Implant Placement After Removal of Complex Odontoma
Authors: de Souza Batista Fábio Roberto , de Souza Batista Victor Eduardo , Vechiato-Filho Aljomar José , Tieghi Neto Victor , Figueira Jéssica Araújo , Verri Fellippo Ramos 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The aim of the authors was to report a clinical case about immediate implant placement after the removal of complex odontoma. A 35-year-old female patient presented to private service complaining about absence of lower right first premolar. The computed tomographic showed radiopaque attenuation, surrounded by a narrow radiolucency in the area of dental absence, suggesting a mineralized lesion. The surgical removal of lesion was performed by intraoral access with general anesthesia and the implant of 3.75 × 10 mm (Neodent) was placed with the aid of a surgical guide, following the drill sequence established by the manufacturer. No complications were observed after 1 year with the prosthetic rehabilitation.
Impact of Septoplasty on Eustachian Tube Functions
Authors: Akyildiz Metin Yüksel , Özmen Ömer Afşin , Demir Uygar Levent , Kasapoğlu Fikret , Coşkun Hamdi Hakan , Basut Oğuz Ibrahim , Siğirli Deniz 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of nasal septum deviation (NSD) and septoplasty on eustachian tube (ET) functions.

Material and Methods:
The study was designed as a prospective controlled study and conducted in a tertiary referral center. A study group of 25 patients who were scheduled for septoplasty for NSD; and a control group of 25 healthy individuals having no ear or nose symptoms were formed. Tympanometric analysis of ET function, subjective and objective analysis of nasal functions with acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry were performed. Patients in study group underwent nasal surgery and tests were repeated at postoperative 1st and 3rd months.

Results:
Eustachian tube functions of study group were significantly worse than the control group (P = 0.032). ET functions were found to be poorer as the nasal airway resistances increase which was found to be close to significance (P = 0.056). One and 3 months after corrective surgery, both nasal airway functions and ET functions improved significantly reaching to the level of control group.

Conclusions:
Nasal septum deviation was associated with higher rates of ET dysfunction, which could be improved by the nasal surgery. However, in some patients, nasal surgery itself caused ET dysfunction in the early postoperative period.
Metformin Exerts Beneficial Effects in Hemorrhagic Shock in An AMPKα1-Independent Manner
Authors: Kim Paul , Piraino Giovanna , O’Connor Michael , Hake Paul W. , Wolfe Vivian , Lahni Patrick , Zingarelli Basilia 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Despite therapeutic advances in hemorrhagic shock, mortality from multiple organ failure remains high. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in cellular energy homeostasis. Two catalytic subunits, α1 and α2, have been identified, with α1 subunit largely expressed in major organs. Here, we hypothesized that genetic deficiency of AMPKα1 worsens hemorrhage-induced multiple organ failure. We also investigated whether treatment with metformin, a clinically used drug for metabolic homeostasis, affords beneficial effects. AMPKα1 wild-type (WT) and knock-out mice (KO) were subjected to hemorrhagic shock by blood withdrawing followed by resuscitation with shed blood and Lactated Ringer's solution and treatment with vehicle or metformin. Mice were sacrificed at 3 h after resuscitation. Compared with vehicle-treated WT animals, KO animals exhibited a more severe hypotension, higher lung and liver injury and neutrophil infiltration, and higher levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines. Metformin treatment ameliorated organ injury and mean arterial blood pressure in both WT and KO mice, without affecting systemic cytokine levels. Furthermore, metformin treatment reduced liver lipid peroxidation and increased levels of complex II cosubstrate FAD and levels of ATP in WT and KO mice. Beneficial effects of metformin were associated with organ-specific nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling and activation of liver kinase B1 and AMPKα2. Thus, our data suggest that AMPKα1 is an important regulator of hemodynamic stability and organ metabolic recovery during hemorrhagic shock. Our data also suggest that metformin affords beneficial effects, at least in part, independently of AMPKα1 and secondary to AMPKα2 activation, increase of Complex II function and reduction of oxidative stress.
Laparoscopy for Trauma and the Changes in its Use From 1990 to 2016: A Current Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cirocchi Roberto , Birindelli Arianna , Inaba Kenji , Mandrioli Matteo , Piccinini Alice , Tabola Renata , Carlini Luigi , Tugnoli Gregorio , Di Saverio Salomone 
Published: September 2017

Background:
The role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of stable abdominal trauma patients is still a matter of serious debate and only incomplete data are available.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature between January 1990 and August 2016.

Results:
Overall, 9817 laparoscopies were performed for abdominal trauma; only 26.2% of the cases were converted to a laparotomy. The incidence of therapeutic laparotomies showed a reduction from 69% to 47.5%, whereas the incidence of therapeutic laparoscopies increased from 7.2% to 22.7%.
The overall perioperative mortality rate was significantly lower in the laparoscopy group [odds ratio (M-H, random); 95% confidence interval, 0.35 (0.26-0.48)]. The same group showed shorter length of hospital stay [odds ratio (M-H, random); 95% confidence interval, −3.48 (−8.91 to 1.96)].

Conclusions:
This systematic review shows a significant decrease in the use of laparoscopy in trauma patients. Most likely the widespread use of imaging techniques allows a more accurate selection of patients for diagnostic laparoscopy. Infact, a reduction in incidence of nontherapeutic laparotomies is evident in these selected patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy. Moreover, the literature reported an increasing trend of therapeutic laparoscopy, demonstrating that it is safe and effective. The small number and poor quality of the studies identified, the retrospective observational nature of the studies (low level of evidence), the high risk of bias, and the high heterogeneity of some outcomes make the applicability of the results of this meta-analysis unclear.
Advances in delivery of ambulatory autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma
Authors: Khouri Jack , Majhail Navneet S. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is generally performed in the inpatient setting in its entirety. Several centers have demonstrated the feasibility of performing ASCT for myeloma in the ambulatory setting. We review the safety, cost-effectiveness, complications and outcomes of outpatient ASCT for myeloma.

Recent findings
Published studies are heterogeneous but suggest that outpatient ASCT for myeloma is cost-effective and associated with a shorter or no initial hospitalization, albeit there is a high rate of readmission for complications. The transplant-related mortality rate is less than 1%. Stringent patient selection criteria that include emphasis on functional status, caregiving support and psychosocial aspects for each patient are critical for identifying patients most appropriate for ASCT in the ambulatory setting. There exists considerable variability in outpatient transplant models and supportive care guidelines and data do not support preference for one delivery model over another. Survival and other transplant-related outcomes have not been reported widely and whether patients fare better with outpatient transplantation remains to be explored.

Summary
Outpatient ASCT for multiple myeloma is feasible and well tolerated in selected patients. Several care models for outpatient ASCT exist and can be implemented based on transplant resources and preference.
Spiritual needs of patients with cancer in palliative care: an integrative review
Authors: Mesquita Ana Cláudia , Chaves Érika de Cássia Lopes , Barros Guilherme Antônio Moreira de 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
The experience of a life crisis, such as the experience of end-of-life terminality whenever facing cancer can make the spiritual needs of patients clear. The goal of this revision was to synthesize the existing evidence regarding the spiritual needs of patients with cancer in palliative care.

Recent findings
An integrated revision of the literature was conducted regarding the database sources from PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS and Scopus, without publishing year restrictions. There were 16 primary studies included. A total of 1469 patients have been evaluated, whereas eight groups of spiritual needs have been identified: finding the meaning and purpose of life; finding the meaning in experiencing the disease; being connected to other people, God and nature; having access to religious/spiritual practices; physical, psychological, social and spiritual wellbeing; talking about death and the experience of dying; making the best out of their time; being independent and being treated like a normal person.

Summary
It is essential to pay attention to patients’ spiritual dimensions regarding palliative care. Therefore, patients’ spiritual needs must be identified and remedied or mitigated. It is necessary to develop studies that find specific strategies and interventions for the treatment of these needs.