bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of perinatal outcomes between long‐term and short‐term use of tocolytic agent: a historical cohort study in a single perinatal hospital
Authors: Nakamura Masamitsu , Hasegawa Junichi , Arakaki Tatsuya , Hamada Shoko , Takita Hiroko , Oba Tomohiro , Koide Keiko , Matsuoka Ryu , Sekizawa Akihiko 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long‐term use of tocolytic agents to prevent preterm delivery and improve perinatal outcome.MethodsA historical cohort study was performed in a single perinatal center. The maternal characteristics, frequency of preterm labor and prescribed dose of tocolytic agents were compared before and after changing the management protocol for threatened premature delivery.ResultsA total of 1548 deliveries were carried out before changing the protocol for the use of tocolytic agents for threatened premature delivery and 1444 deliveries afterwards. There was no significant difference in the maternal characteristics before and after the revision except for maternal age. The total number of ritodrine hydrochloride ampules used was reduced from 4654 to 514, and the total vials of magnesium sulfate used were reduced from 1574 to 193, but perinatal outcomes, such as rate of preterm birth, neonatal weight, and rate of NICU hospitalization were not different between the groups.ConclusionThere was no significant change in the frequency of preterm delivery before and after changing of the protocol for threatened premature delivery. Because a decrease in the given dose of tocolytic agents did not affect the timing of delivery and neonatal outcomes, long‐term tocolysis in patients with threatened premature delivery should be restricted to prevent maternal and fetal adverse side‐effects.
Outcomes of labor epidural analgesia among women aged over 40: A single‐institution retrospective study
Authors: Okazaki Atsuko , Fukushima Risa , Nagashima Sayuri , Mazda Yusuke , Tamura Kazumi , Terui Katsuo , Tanaka Motoshi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of labor epidural analgesia (LEA) on maternal and neonatal outcomes among parturients aged 40 years or older.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of all laboring, singleton and cephalic deliveries at ≥36 weeks' gestation at the Saitama Medical Center from April 2003 to September 2012. Women aged ≥40 years who received LEA (≥40 with LEA group) were compared with women aged ≥40 years who delivered without LEA (≥40 without LEA group) and women <40 years who received LEA (<40 with LEA group). Extracted outcomes included mode of delivery, oxytocin augmentation, duration of labor, amount of estimated blood loss, umbilical artery pH, Apgar scores, and neonatal intensive care unit admission.ResultsThis study included 4441 women. There were 74 women in the ≥40 with LEA group, 369 in the ≥40 without LEA group, and 601 in the <40 with LEA group. The maternal outcomes of emergency cesarean delivery rate (9.5%, 12.5%, 9.0%), instrumental delivery rate (33.8%, 10.3%, 28.3%), duration of labor (521 min, 321 min, 565 min), and estimated blood loss (524 g, 351 g, 412 g) were reported for the ≥40 with LEA, ≥40 without LEA, and <40 with LEA groups, respectively. Neonatal outcomes were not different between these groups. LEA use was not associated with emergency cesarean delivery in the multivariable analysis.ConclusionOur study showed that parturients aged ≥40 with LEA can expect similar LEA‐associated labor outcomes to younger parturients with LEA.
Unusual location of a plexiform neurofibroma in the fallopian tube: A case report
Authors: Czuczwar Piotr , Stepniak Anna , Szkodziak Piotr , Korolczuk Agnieszka , Paszkowski Tomasz , Wozniak Slawomir 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIt is rare for neurofibromatosis to occur in the female genital tract. We report a case of a plexiform neurofibroma in the left fallopian tube in a 50‐year‐old postmenopausal woman. The initial diagnosis was a pedunculated leiomyoma or a fallopian tube tumor. Laparotomy was performed and a solid mass approximately 90 x 60 x 40 mm in size was found in the left fallopian tube. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy with an appendectomy, lymphadenectomy and omentectomy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was plexiform neurofibroma. Although neurofibromatosis may involve various gynecological structures, to the best of our knowledge, localized plexiform neurofibroma in the fallopian tube has not previously been reported. The presented case is the first report of clinical, ultrasound and histopathological findings in a fallopian tube neurofibroma. Neurofibroma is a neoplasm that should be taken into consideration when diagnosing pelvic masses.
Project conducted in Hirakata to improve cervical cancer screening rates in 20‐year‐old Japanese: Influencing parents to recommend that their daughters undergo cervical cancer screening
Authors: Yagi Asami , Ueda Yutaka , Egawa‐Takata Tomomi , Tanaka Yusuke , Terai Yoshito , Ohmichi Masahide , Ichimura Tomoyuki , Sumi Toshiyuki , Murata Hiromi , Okada Hidetaka , Nakai Hidekatsu , Mandai Masaki , Matsuzaki Shinya , Kobayashi Eiji , Yoshino Kiyoshi , Kimura Tadashi , Saito Junko , Hori Yumiko , Morii Eiichi , Nakayama Tomio , Suzuki Yukio , Motoki Yoko , Sukegawa Akiko , Asai‐Sato Mikiko , Miyagi Etsuko , Yamaguchi Manako , Kudo Risa , Adachi Sosuke , Sekine Masayuki , Enomoto Takayuki , Horikoshi Yorihiko , Takagi Tetsu , Shimura Kentaro 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimIn Japan, the rate of routine cervical cancer screening is quite low, and the incidence of cervical cancer has recently been increasing. Our objective was to investigate ways to effectively influence parental willingness to recommend that their 20‐year‐old daughters undergo cervical cancer screening.MethodsWe targeted parents whose 20‐year‐old daughters were living with them. In fiscal year 2013, as usual, the daughter received a reminder postcard several months after they had received a free coupon for cervical cancer screening. In fiscal year 2014, the targeted parents received a cervical cancer information leaflet, as well as a cartoon about cervical cancer to show to their daughters, with a request that they recommend to their daughter that she undergo cervical cancer screening. The subsequent screening rates for fiscal years 2013 and 2014 were compared.ResultsThe cervical cancer screening rate of 20‐year‐old women whose parents received the information packet in fiscal year 2014 was significantly higher than for the women who, in fiscal year 2013, received only a simple reminder postcard (P < 0.001). As a result, the total screening rate for 20‐year‐old women for the whole of the 2014 fiscal year was significantly increased over 2013 (P < 0.001).ConclusionFor the first time, we have shown that the parents of 20‐year‐old daughters can be motivated to recommend that their daughters receive their first cervical cancer screening. This was achieved by sending a cervical cancer information leaflet and a cartoon about cervical cancer for these parents to show to their daughters. This method was significantly effective for improving cervical cancer screening rates.
Depression and anger in fathers of unsettled infants: A community cohort study
Authors: Cook Fallon , Giallo Rebecca , Petrovic Zvezdana , Coe Amy , Seymour Monique , Cann Warren , Hiscock Harriet 
Published: September 2016

AimTo examine the relationship between unsettled infant behaviour and fathers’ depressive symptoms, cognitions surrounding infant sleep (anger, doubt), and personal sleep, in a community cohort.MethodsData were collected from 102 fathers of healthy infants at 4 weeks, 4 months and 6 months of age. Measures included father report of infant sleep and crying problems, depressive symptoms, cognitions about infant sleep and own sleep quality and quantity. Data were analysed using adjusted regression models.ResultsSleep problems at 4 months of age were associated with increased depressive symptoms (adjusted mean difference 2.64 (1.27–4.00)), doubt (adjusted mean difference 1.82 (0.40–3.25)), anger (adjusted mean difference 1.86 (0.51–3.20)), poor personal sleep quantity (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09–0.51) and quality (adjusted OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.08–0.51); and at 6 months of age, with increased depressive symptoms (adjusted mean difference 2.56 (1.28–3.84)), anger (adjusted mean difference 1.63 (0.40–2.87)), poor personal sleep quantity (adjusted OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.05–0.38) and quality (adjusted OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.11–0.72). Infant cry problems at 4 months were associated with increased anger (adjusted mean difference 1.98 (0.60–3.36)) and doubt (adjusted mean difference 1.55 (0.05–3.05)); and at 6 months, with increased depressive symptoms (adjusted mean difference 3.04 (1.59–4.69)), anger (adjusted mean difference 2.73 (1.29–4.17)) and less personal sleep (adjusted OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.07–0.71).ConclusionFathers of unsettled infants reported greater anger towards their infant and increased depressive symptoms by 4 months infant age, with these symptoms persisting 2 months later. Evidence‐based interventions are needed for these fathers.
Variation in plant community composition and vegetation carbon pools a decade following a severe fire season in interior Alaska
Authors: Gibson Carolyn M. , Turetsky Merritt R. , Cottenie Karl , Kane Evan S. , Houle Gregory , Kasischke Eric S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractQuestionsHow does fire severity, measured as depth of burn of ground layer fuels, control the regeneration of understorey species across black spruce‐dominated stands varying in pre‐fire organic layer depths? Are successional shifts from evergreen to deciduous understorey vegetation more likely to occur with greater depth of burn? Does a shift in understorey vegetation community towards more deciduous species influence carbon accumulation in vegetation biomass?LocationNorthern boreal forest, interior Alaska.MethodsWe sampled 32 stands in interior Alaska that burned in 2003 and 2004 in which depth of burn had been recorded soon after fire. In 2014 we characterized tree density, understorey vegetation composition, above‐ and below‐ground vegetation carbon pools, and a suite of environmental variables. We used ANOVA and multivariate redundancy analysis models to analyse the dominant controls on vegetation composition and carbon pools.ResultsFire severity was a strong control on post‐fire tree and non‐vascular species composition. Ten years post‐fire, sites that experienced deeper burning of organic layers had a higher abundance of deciduous tree species, fire‐adapted mosses, forbs and graminoids, and lower abundances of evergreen shrubs and Sphagnum mosses. Environmental variables (elevation, soil bulk density and mineral soil pH, moisture and temperature) served as important controls on tree and vascular understorey species composition. We found no evidence that carbon pools associated with recovering vegetation biomass were influenced by landscape position, fire severity or environmental variables.ConclusionsBoth fire frequency and depth of burn are projected to increase with a warmer climate in interior Alaska. These shifts in fire regime are expected to favour the regeneration of deciduous species over conifers, which have the potential to regulate successional pathways and large‐scale trends in albedo, which both ultimately could influence ecosystem–climate feedbacks and dampen future fire cycles. Our results show that understorey species composition is controlled by fire severity, suggesting that more severe burning causes a decline in the self‐replacement of conifer communities across a range of hydrologic settings. Overall, our results suggest a loss of resilience in black spruce forests in the face of a changing fire regime. However, we found no evidence that fire severity influences vegetation carbon pools 10 yrs post‐fire, suggesting that there is less landscape variation in biomass carbon pools than in vegetation composition and succession during early post‐fire succession.
Cocktail clustering – a new hierarchical agglomerative algorithm for extracting species groups in vegetation databases
Authors: Bruelheide Helge 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimsIn one approach of formalized vegetation classification, species groups define a vegetation unit as a set of relevés, each of which possesses a minimum number of species from that group. Thus, species groups provide unequivocal rules for the assignment of individual vegetation records to vegetation units and can be applied beyond the set of records used for defining them. Here, I present a new method that subjects all species in a vegetation database to clustering that produces such clear membership rules of vegetation records to clusters. More specifically, the algorithm obtains species groups from a species × relevé matrix which consist of species that show the highest probability of co‐occurring with each other and delivers unequivocal rules to assign relevés to these groups.MethodsA hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithm for species is presented that starts with a species × species matrix of the Ф coefficient of association. After fusing the species with the highest Ф coefficient, the Ф association matrix is recalculated for the new group of species. For calculating Ф association for groups to other species or to the nodes formed by groups of species, the observed frequency distribution of co‐occurrences of the species in that group is compared to the expected frequency distribution of co‐occurrence, derived the from the observed number of species occurrences. As a result, for each species group a minimum number of species is obtained that is required to assign a relevé to this species group. The resulting Cocktail species groups are partially nested, and with increasing node hierarchy show a tendency of decreasing Ф correlation to the last‐joining species to that group.Results and ConclusionAs the clustering algorithm assigns all of the n species in a data set to groups, the result are n − 1 partly nested species groups. These groups correspond to species groups that have been extracted from the same data sets using preconceived start groups. Subsequently, the species groups can be used separately or in logical combinations to classify vegetation relevés either by expert systems, Twinspan‐like classification algorithms or by redefining existing vegetation units with automated brute‐force match algorithms. Used in this way, Cocktail clustering is able to form the backbone of a consistent large‐scale vegetation classification system.
Physiological response to high temperature in the Tropical Eastern Pacific coral Pocillopora verrucosa
Authors: Rodríguez‐Troncoso Alma P. , Carpizo‐Ituarte Eugenio , Cupul‐Magaña Amílcar L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe ecological and economic values of coral reef communities have encouraged efforts to implement periodic visual survey programs to secure their conservation. To date, visual monitoring‐based approaches have detected bleaching events weeks or months after the initial onset. An evaluation of the stress response of coral colonies, as well as their ability to resist and recover from the stress events, may increase our understanding of the physiological processes underling the stress and/or acclimation responses. Coral bleaching events, caused primarily by abnormally high temperatures, are continuously affecting coral communities worldwide. To evaluate the stress and recovery responses of the reef‐building coral Pocillopora verrucosa, a laboratory study was conducted herein. Coral nubbins were exposed to high temperatures to induce bleaching, and their ability to resist and recover from bleaching was subsequently monitored after returning the corals to ambient temperature. Lipid and chlorophyll concentrations, as well as Symbiodinium spp. density, decreased in samples exposed to nearly 31°C, slowly recovering to near‐control levels upon return to non‐stressful conditions. The present data set allows for an assessment of the vulnerability and ability of this common species to resist sub‐optimal environmental conditions, particularly the thermal stress events that will occur more commonly in their habitats as global seawater temperatures continue to rise.
The SAGA complex in the rice pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi: structure and functional characterization
Authors: Rösler Sarah M. , Kramer Katharina , Finkemeier Iris , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich , Tudzynski Bettina 
Published: September 2016

SummaryPost‐translational modification of histones is a crucial mode of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes. A well‐described acetylation modifier of certain lysine residues is the Spt‐Ada‐Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex assembled around the histone acetyltransferase Gcn5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We identified and characterized the SAGA complex in the rice pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi, well‐known for producing a large variety of secondary metabolites (SMs). By using a co‐immunoprecipitation approach, almost all of the S. cerevisiae SAGA complex components have been identified, except for the ubiquitinating DUBm module and the chromodomain containing Chd1. Deletion of GCN5 led to impaired growth, loss of conidiation and alteration of SM biosynthesis. Furthermore, we show that Gcn5 is essential for the acetylation of several histone 3 lysines in F. fujikuroi, that is, H3K4, H3K9, H3K18 and H3K27. A genome‐wide microarray analysis revealed differential expression of about 30% of the genome with an enrichment of genes involved in primary and secondary metabolism, transport and histone modification. HPLC‐based analysis of known SMs revealed significant alterations in the Δgcn5 mutant. While most SM genes were activated by Gcn5 activity, the biosynthesis of the pigment bikaverin was strongly increased upon GCN5 deletion underlining the diverse roles of the SAGA complex in F. fujikuroi.
Deglycosylation influences the oxidation activity and antigenicity of myeloperoxidase
Authors: Wang Jia , Li Jian‐nan , Cui Zhao , Zhao Ming‐hui 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTAimMyeloperoxidase (MPO) is pathogenic in ANCA associated vasculitis. It also acts as bactericidal agent. MPO has five N‐linked glycosylation sites on its heavy chains. The effect of glycosylation pattern to the functions of MPO is barely known.MethodsWe used eight glycosidases to remove different glycans on MPO separately. The chlorination activity of MPO, the binding between ceruloplasmin and MPO, and the reversing effect of MPO‐ANCA to this binding were measured. Three de‐glycosylated MPOs were used to assay the influence of deglycosylation on microbicidal effect of MPO.ResultsCompared with intact MPO, chlorination activity of deglycosylated MPO declined, in which removing of β‐galactopyranoside (0.35 ± 0.02 vs. 0.50 ± 0.04, P < 0.001) and α‐linked sialic acid (0.35 ± 0.02 vs. 0.50 ± 0.04, P < 0.001) presented the most significance. Deglycosylation reduced the binding capacity between MPO and its physiological inhibitor‐ceruloplasmin, with the most significance on the removal of innermost GlcNAc (0.37 ± 0.04 vs. 1.06 ± 0.11, P < 0.001). Binding between MPO and ceruloplasmin was hardly reversed by MPO‐ANCA after deglycosylation, especially on the removal of α‐linked sialic acid (71.2 ± 5.1% vs. 88.3 ± 1.0%, P = 0.009), chitobiose core (73.6 ± 1.9% vs. 88.3 ± 1.0%, P = 0.001) and GlcNAc (77.9 ± 1.9% vs. 88.3 ± 1.0%, P = 0.002). Removal of innermost GlcNAc, β‐galactopyranoside and α‐neuraminidase could weaken the bactericidal effect of MPO, especially the removal of α‐neuraminidase (P < 0.001).ConclusionsDeglycosylation decreased oxidation activity of MPO and its binding with ceruloplasmin. Deglycosylation could also decrease the microbicidal effect of MPO, which might contribute to more severe infections and inflammation. Deglycosylated MPO presented less antigenicity to MPO‐ANCA, which indicated the contribution of glycans to MPO epitopes.
Long‐term agricultural fertilization alters arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition and barley (Hordeum vulgare) mycorrhizal carbon and phosphorus exchange
Authors: Williams Alwyn , Manoharan Lokeshwaran , Rosenstock Nicholas P. , Olsson Pål Axel , Hedlund Katarina 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Agricultural fertilization significantly affects arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community composition. However, the functional implications of community shifts are unknown, limiting understanding of the role of AMF in agriculture.

We assessed AMF community composition at four sites managed under the same nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer regimes for 55 yr. We also established a glasshouse experiment with the same soils to investigate AMF–barley (Hordeum vulgare) nutrient exchange, using carbon (13C) and 33P isotopic labelling.

N fertilization affected AMF community composition, reducing diversity; P had no effect. In the glasshouse, AMF contribution to plant P declined with P fertilization, but was unaffected by N. Barley C allocation to AMF also declined with P fertilization. As N fertilization increased, C allocation to AMF per unit of P exchanged increased. This occurred with and without P fertilization, and was concomitant with reduced barley biomass. AMF community composition showed no relationship with glasshouse experiment results.

The results indicate that plants can reduce C allocation to AMF in response to P fertilization. Under N fertilization, plants allocate an increasing amount of C to AMF and receive relatively less P. This suggests an alteration in the terms of P–C exchange under N fertilization regardless of soil P status.
Phenotypic plasticity to altered apical bud temperature in Cucumis sativus: more leaves‐smaller leaves and vice versa
Authors: Savvides Andreas , van Ieperen Wim , Dieleman Janneke A. , Marcelis Leo F.M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMany studies investigated temperature effects on leaf initiation and expansion by relating these processes to air temperature or the temperature of a specific organ (e.g. leaf temperature). In reality plant temperature is hardly ever equal to air temperature or spatially uniform. Apical bud temperature (Tbud), for example, may greatly differ from the temperature of the rest of the plant (Tplant) dependent on the environment. Recent research in Cucumis sativus showed that Tbud influences leaf initiation independent of Tplant. These findings trigger the question if such spatial temperature differences also influence leaf expansion and plant phenotype. In a 28 day study, we maintained temperature differences between Tbud and Tplant ranging from −7 to +8 °C using a custom‐made bud temperature control system. Leaf expansion did not only depend on leaf temperature but also on the difference between bud and leaf temperature. Differences between Tbud and Tplant considerably influenced vertical leaf area distribution over the shoot: increasing Tbud beyond Tplant resulted in more and smaller leaves, while decreasing Tbud below Tplant resulted in less and larger leaves. The trade‐off between leaf number and leaf area resulted in phenotypic alterations that cannot be predicted, for example, by crop models, when assuming plant temperature uniformity.