bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coastal regime shifts: rapid responses of coastal wetlands to changes in mangrove cover
Authors: Guo Hongyu , Weaver Carolyn , Charles Sean P. , Whitt Ashley , Dastidar Sayantani , D'Odorico Paolo , Fuentes Jose D. , Kominoski John S. , Armitage Anna R. , Pennings Steven C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGlobal changes are causing broad‐scale shifts in vegetation communities worldwide, including coastal habitats where the borders between mangroves and salt marsh are in flux. Coastal habitats provide numerous ecosystem services of high economic value, but the consequences of variation in mangrove cover are poorly known. We experimentally manipulated mangrove cover in large plots to test a set of linked hypotheses regarding the effects of changes in mangrove cover. We found that changes in mangrove cover had strong effects on microclimate, plant community, sediment accretion, soil organic content, and bird abundance within 2 yr. At higher mangrove cover, wind speed declined and light interception by vegetation increased. Air and soil temperatures had hump‐shaped relationships with mangrove cover. The cover of salt marsh plants decreased at higher mangrove cover. Wrack cover, the distance that wrack was distributed from the water's edge, and sediment accretion decreased at higher mangrove cover. Soil organic content increased with mangrove cover. Wading bird abundance decreased at higher mangrove cover. Many of these relationships were non‐linear, with the greatest effects when mangrove cover varied from zero to intermediate values, and lesser effects when mangrove cover varied from intermediate to high values. Temporal and spatial variation in measured variables often peaked at intermediate mangrove cover, with ecological consequences that are largely unexplored. Because different processes varied in different ways with mangrove cover, the “optimum” cover of mangroves from a societal point of view will depend on which ecosystem services are most desired.
Iron controls over di‐nitrogen fixation in karst tropical forest
Authors: Winbourne Joy B. , Brewer Steven W. , Houlton Benjamin Z. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLimestone tropical forests represent a meaningful fraction of the land area in Central America (25%) and Southeast Asia (40%). These ecosystems are marked by high biological diversity, CO2 uptake capacity, and high pH soils, the latter making them fundamentally different from the majority of lowland tropical forest areas in the Amazon and Congo basins. Here, we examine the role of bedrock geology in determining biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) rates in volcanic (low pH) vs. limestone (high pH) tropical forests located in the Maya Mountains of Belize. We experimentally test how BNF in the leaf‐litter responds to nitrogen, phosphorus, molybdenum, and iron additions across different parent materials. We find evidence for iron limitation of BNF rates in limestone forests during the wet but not dry season (response ratio 3.2 ± 0.2; P = 0.03). In contrast, BNF in low pH volcanic forest soil was stimulated by the trace‐metal molybdenum during the dry season. The parent‐material induced patterns of limitation track changes in siderophore activity and iron bioavailability among parent materials. These findings point to a new role for iron in regulating BNF in karst tropical soils, consistent with observations for other high pH systems such as the open ocean and calcareous agricultural ecosystems.
Position Sensorless Control for IPMSM Based on Extended EMF and Voltage Injection Synchronized with Pulse‐Width Modulation Carrier
Authors: YOKOYAMA TOMOYA , UCHIDA KOUSUKE , KUBOTA HISAO 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYThis paper presents a new position sensorless control system for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The proposed method is based on the extended electromotive force (EMF) and voltage injection synchronized with a pulse‐width modulation carrier. The proposed method does not need to switch the estimation method by speed in order to estimate the magnetic pole position by extended EMF, even at low speeds. Further, the amplitude of the superimposing voltage is changed according to the extended EMF; the applied voltage is not saturated in the high‐load and high‐speed regions. The effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control system was verified experimentally.
Reducing Acoustic Noise of Axial‐Gap SRMs by Decreasing Axial Electromagnetic Force Ripple
Authors: TOKITA TAKAHIRO , GOTO HIROKI , ICHINOKURA OSAMU 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYSwitched reluctance (SR) motors are motors that utilize the reluctance torque originating in the magnetic saliency between the stator and the rotor, which are made up of an electromagnetic steel sheet and windings without a permanent magnet. Because of their robustness and simple structure, SR motors are suited for use as the in‐wheel motor for traction motors of vehicles. In a flat space such as is present in in‐wheel motors, the axial‐gap structure has an advantage compared with the conventional radial‐gap structure for the space factor of a motor. An axial‐gap in‐wheel SR motor was tested in a microbus, and the bus could be successfully driven. The test results regarding the motor performance were satisfactory. However, the motor emits a loud sound. The acoustic noise of the axial‐gap SR motor is mainly caused by the axial electromagnetic force. This paper presents a method of reducing acoustic noise that is based on a model of the electromagnetic force on the axial‐gap SR motor.
Study on Rotary Loop Flow Controller for the Next‐Generation Distribution System
Authors: VERMA S. C. , YAMADA FUJIHIRO , KUNII YASUYUKI , UEDA FUKASHI , KURODA KENICHI , KITAYAMA MASASHI , KONO YOSHIYUKI 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYThis paper describes two types of rotary loop flow controller, one is series type and the other is unified power flow controller (UPFC) type. Both of them can maintain the suitable voltage level of distribution system even with a large and uneven penetration of distributed generation. The configurations of proposed controllers are essentially same as wound rotor induction machine with no slip rings. The proposed controllers are less costly, more efficient, and more tolerant to overvoltages/currents as compared to power electronics‐type controllers. Further, UPFC‐type rotary loop flow controller has additional advantages like relatively smaller capability and ability to control reactive power than the series type of rotary loop flow controller. The proper functioning of the proposed controllers is confirmed through simulations and experiments.
Mechanical pinprick pain in patients with unilateral spatial neglect: The influence of space representation on the perception of nociceptive stimuli
Authors: Vizzari V. , Barba S. , Gindri P. , Duca S. , Giobbe D. , Cerrato P. , Geminiani G. , Torta D.M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundCrossing the hands over the midline can reduce the perceived intensity of nociceptive stimuli applied onto the hands. It remains unclear to what extent intact representation of peripersonal space influences this effect. Here we used the crossed‐hands paradigm in patients with unilateral spatial neglect, a neuropsychological condition characterized by the inability to detect, attend and respond to contralesional (most often left) stimuli, and spared ability to process stimuli in the non‐affected space.MethodsSixteen post‐stroke patients without unilateral neglect and 11 patients with unilateral spatial neglect received punctate mechanical pinprick stimuli onto their crossed or uncrossed hands. We tested: (i) whether deficits in space representation reduce the possibility of observing ‘crossed‐hands analgesia’, and; (ii) whether placing the contralesional hand, normally lying in the affected space in the healthy space would increase the number of detected stimuli.ResultsOur results showed that neglect patients did not exhibit ‘crossed‐hands’ analgesia, but did not provide strong evidence for an improvement in the number of detected stimuli when the contralesional hand was in the healthy space.ConclusionThese findings uphold the notion that the perception of nociceptive stimuli is modulated by the relative position of the hands in space, but raise questions about the conditions under which these effects may arise.SignificanceWe show that deficits in space representation can influence the processing of mechanical pinprick stimuli. Our results raise several questions on the mechanisms underlying these effects, which are relevant for the clinical practice.
Preoperative sleep quality predicts postoperative pain after planned caesarean delivery
Authors: Orbach‐Zinger S. , Fireman S. , Ben‐Haroush A. , Karoush T. , Klein Z. , Mazarib N. , Artyukh A. , Chen R. , Ioscovich A. , Eidelman L.A. , Landau R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundSevere post‐caesarean pain remains an important issue associated with persistent pain and postpartum depression. Women's sleep quality prior to caesarean delivery and its influence on postoperative pain and analgesic intake have not been evaluated yet.MethodsWomen undergoing caesarean delivery with spinal anaesthesia (bupivacaine 12 mg, fentanyl 20 μg, morphine 100 μg) were evaluated preoperatively for sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire (PSQI 0–5 indicating good sleep quality, PSQI 6–21 poor sleep quality). Peak and average postoperative pain scores at rest, movement and uterine cramping were evaluated during 24 h using a verbal numerical pain score (VNPS; 0 indicating no pain and 100 indicating worst pain imaginable), and analgesic intake was recorded. Primary outcome was peak pain upon movement during the first 24 h.ResultsSeventy‐eight of 245 women reported good sleep quality (31.2%; average PSQI 3.5 ± 1.2) and 167 poor sleep quality (68.2%; average PSQI 16.0 ± 3.4; p < 0.001). Women with poor sleep quality had significantly higher peak pain scores upon movement (46.7 ± 28.8 vs. 36.2 ± 25.6, respectively; p = 0.006). With multivariable logistic regression analysis, poor sleep quality significantly increased the risk for severe peak pain upon movement (VNPS ≥70; OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.2–6.0; p = 0.02).DiscussionA significant proportion of women scheduled for caesarean delivery were identified preoperatively as having poor sleep quality, which was associated with more severe pain and increased analgesic intake after delivery. The PSQI score may therefore be a useful tool to predict increased risk for acute post‐caesarean pain and higher analgesic requirements, and help tailor anaesthetic management.SignificanceMultiple studies have evaluated predictors for severe acute pain after caesarean delivery that may be performed in a clinical setting, however, sleep quality prior to delivery has not been included in predictive models for post‐caesarean pain. The PSQI questionnaire, a simple test to administer preoperatively, identified that up to 70% of women report poor sleep quality before delivery, and poor sleep quality was associated with increased post‐caesarean pain scores and analgesic intake, indicating that PSQI could help identify preoperatively women at risk for severe pain after caesarean delivery.
The acute toxicity of major ion salts to Ceriodaphnia dubia. II. Empirical relationships in binary salt mixtures
Authors: Erickson Russell J. , Mount David R. , Highland Terry L. , Hockett J. Russell , Hoff Dale J. , Jenson Correne T. , Norberg-King Teresa J. , Peterson Kira N. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Many human activities increase concentrations of major geochemical ions (Na+1, K+1, Ca+2, Mg+2, Cl−1, SO4−2, and HCO3−1/CO3−2) in freshwater systems, and can thereby adversely affect aquatic life. Such effects involve several toxicants, multiple toxicity mechanisms, various ion interactions, and widely varying ion compositions across different water bodies. Previous studies of individual salt toxicities have defined some useful relationships; however, adding single salts to waters results in atypical compositions and does not fully address mixture toxicity. To better understand mechanisms and interactions for major ion toxicity, 29 binary mixture experiments, each consisting of 7 to 8 toxicity tests, were conducted on the acute toxicity of major ion salts and mannitol to Ceriodaphnia dubia. These tests showed multiple mechanisms of toxicity, including: 1) nonspecific ion toxicity, correlated with osmolarity and to which all ions contribute; and 2) cation-dependent toxicities for potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) best related to their chemical activities. These mechanisms primarily operate independently, except for additive toxicity of Mg-dependent and Ca-dependent toxicities. These mixture studies confirmed ameliorative effects of Ca on sodium (Na) and Mg salt toxicities and of Na on K salt toxicity, and further indicated lesser ameliorative effects of Ca on K salt toxicity and Mg on Na salt toxicity. These results provide a stronger basis for assessing risks from the complex mixtures of ions found in surface waters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1525–1537. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Pilot Testing the Chinese Version of the ETS® Proficiency Profile Critical Thinking Test
Authors: Liu Ou Lydia , Mao Liyang , Zhao Tingting , Yang Yi , Xu Jun , Wang Zhen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractChinese higher education is experiencing rapid development and growth. With tremendous resources invested in higher education, policy makers have requested more direct evidence of student learning. However, assessment tools that can be used to measure college‐level learning are scarce in China. To mitigate this situation, we translated the critical thinking test from the ETS® Proficiency Profile (EPP) into Chinese. EPP has been widely used in the United States to assess general college learning outcomes. We pilot tested the EPP–Chinese test with students from a university in China. Results suggest that (a) the test is unidimensional and therefore is sufficient to report a total score from a practical standpoint; (b) the total score reliability is satisfactory; (c) most items showed moderate correlations with the total score, but the translation of one item needs additional revision; (d) the test is correlated with related constructs (e.g., the Chinese college entrance examination and a national English test); and (e) no item showed differential item functioning or was found to be biased toward any subgroup. In summary, the Chinese version of the critical thinking test showed potential as a suitable assessment tool for Chinese college students.
Advanced Selectively Gas Permeable Anode Flow Field Design for Removal of Carbon Dioxide in a Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cell
Authors: Saeed S. , Pistono A. , Cisco J. , Burke C. S. , Clement J. T. , Mench M. , Rice C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDirect formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) are electrochemical energy conversion devices well suited to power portable electronics, if researchers can harness their high theoretical efficiencies and address durability issues. To improve DFAFC efficiency, the mass transport of formic acid to the anode catalyst layer must be improved. Conventional serpentine anode flow field designs limit CO2 product removal through a single flow field channel hindered by two‐phase flow. Presented herein is an advanced electrically conductive, selectively gas permeable anode flow field (SGPFF) design that allows for efficient removal of CO2 perpendicular to the active area near the location where it is formed in the catalyst layer. The anode plate design consists of two mating flow fields separated by semi‐permeable separator to allow diffusive transport of CO2. Herein, performance differences between a conventional liquid‐fed flow field and an advanced SGPFF design are examined. Polarization curves revealed a 10% increase in performance of the SGPFF with confirmation of CO2 removal within the gaseous side. A potential hold test at 0.3 V showed that the SGPFF sustained power generation for 9.5 times longer than that of the conventional anode flow field design in a dead‐ended configuration, demonstrating the fixture's potential for sustained power generation.
Physicians' response to sexual dysfunction presented by a younger vs. An older adult
Authors: Gewirtz‐Meydan Ateret , Ayalon Liat 
Published: December 2016

AimThe aim of this study is to determine whether physicians have an age bias regarding sexual dysfunction presented by older vs. younger patients in terms of attributed diagnosis, etiology, proposed treatment and perceived prognosis.MethodAn on‐line survey consisting of one of two, randomly administered, case vignettes, which differed only by the age of the patient (28 or 78). In both cases, the patient was described as suffering from occasional erectile dysfunction with a clear psychosocial indication. A total of 236 physicians responded to the survey. Overall, 110 physicians received an “old” vignette and 126 physicians received a “young” vignette.ResultsEven though both cases presented with a clear psychosocial etiology, the “older” vignette was more likely to be diagnosed with erectile dysfunction whereas the “younger” vignette was more likely to be diagnosed with performance anxiety. The “older” vignette's dysfunction was more likely to be attributed to hormonal changes, health problems and decreased sexual desire. Physicians were more likely to recommend testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i; such as Sildenafil; Vardenafil; Tadalafil) as well as a referral to urology to the “older” vignette. In contrast, the “younger” vignette was more often referred to a sexologist and received a more positive prognosis than the older patient.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates an age bias among physicians regarding sexuality in later life. Of particular note is the tendency to prescribe PDE5i to the older patient, despite the clear psychosocial indication presented in the case vignette. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinct white matter injury associated with medial temporal lobe atrophy in Alzheimer's versus semantic dementia
Authors: Bejanin Alexandre , Desgranges Béatrice , La Joie Renaud , Landeau Brigitte , Perrotin Audrey , Mézenge Florence , Belliard Serge , de La Sayette Vincent , Eustache Francis , Chételat Gaël 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study aims at further understanding the distinct vulnerability of brain networks in Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus semantic dementia (SD) investigating the white matter injury associated with medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy in both conditions. Twenty‐six AD patients, twenty‐one SD patients, and thirty‐nine controls underwent a high‐resolution T1‐MRI scan allowing to obtain maps of grey matter volume and white matter density. A statistical conjunction approach was used to identify MTL regions showing grey matter atrophy in both patient groups. The relationship between this common grey matter atrophy and white matter density maps was then assessed within each patient group. Patterns of grey matter atrophy were distinct in AD and SD but included a common region in the MTL, encompassing the hippocampus and amygdala. This common atrophy was associated with alterations in different white matter areas in AD versus SD, mainly including the cingulum and corpus callosum in AD, while restricted to the temporal lobe — essentially the uncinate and inferior longitudinal fasciculi — in SD. Complementary analyses revealed that these relationships remained significant when controlling for global atrophy or disease severity. Overall, this study provides the first evidence that atrophy of the same MTL region is related to damage in distinct white matter fibers in AD and SD. These different patterns emphasize the vulnerability of distinct brain networks related to the MTL in these two disorders, which might underlie the discrepancy in their symptoms. These results further suggest differences between AD and SD in the neuropathological processes occurring in the MTL. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1791–1800, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi-criteria decision analysis applied to harmful algal bloom management: A case study
Authors: Pang Chengfang , Radomyski Artur , Subramanian Vrishali , Nadimi-Goki Mandana , Marcomini Antonio , Linkov Igor 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have received greater attention in recent years due to an increase in the frequency of outbreaks and a growing potential for blooms to exact considerable economic losses and negatively impact ecosystem health. Human activity has been shown to intensify HAB outbreaks through increased eutrophication, elevated local air and water temperatures, disturbance of the thermal stratification of lakes, and modification of local hydrology. With the advent of new remediation technologies and a better understanding of the ecological factors affecting HABs, mitigating the adverse effects of HABs has become more feasible than ever before but still requires balancing mitigation efficiency, environmental impacts, costs, and stakeholder needs. In the present paper, we discuss potential HAB management solutions and propose using a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework to analyze the perspectives and priorities of various stakeholders as they pertain to 4 major considerations for HAB mitigation: human health, environmental impact, social impact, and technical feasibility. A hypothetical case study of an HAB-affected lake is used to demonstrate how stakeholders may prioritize HAB management alternatives within the MCDA framework. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:631–639. © 2016 SETAC

Key Points
Management of harmful algal blooms (HABs) is complex, and trade-offs are difficult to make. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) provides an efficient way to assess management alternatives. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis models can provide the basis for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis associated with HAB management. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis can be used to assess emerging technologies, including nanotechnology.
BOYS, EARLY RISK FACTORS FOR ALCOHOL PROBLEMS, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF: AN INTERCONNECTED MATRIX
Authors: Puttler Leon I. , Fitzgerald Hiram E. , Heitzeg Mary M. , Zucker Robert A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAlcohol‐use disorders are a major public health issue worldwide. Although drinking and problematic alcohol use usually begins during adolescence, developmental origins of the disorder can be traced back to infancy and early childhood. Identification of early risk factors is essential to understanding developmental origins. Using data from the Michigan Longitudinal Study, an ongoing, prospective, high‐risk family study, this article summarizes findings of family context and functioning of both children and parents. We draw attention to the development of the self, an understudied aspect of very young children being reared in alcoholic families that exacerbates exposure to high childhood adverse experiences. We also provide evidence demonstrating that young boys are embedded in a dynamic system of genes, epigenetic processes, brain organization, family dynamics, peers, community, and culture that strengthens risky developmental pathways if nothing is done to intervene during infancy and early childhood.