bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS OF AN AFRICAN PONERINE ANT IN THE CAPTURE OF MILLIPEDES
Authors: Dejean  , Suzzoni  , Schatz  
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Workers of the ponerine ant Plectroctena minor are equipped with hypertrophied mandibles that can seize tubular millipedes, their essential prey, of up to 4 mm in diameter. We studied their predatory behavior in four situations where they captured spirostreptid millipedes. (1) P. minor workers generally seized millipedes of less than 4 mm in diameter dorsally and by their anterior part. During seizure the mandibles slipped on the exoskeletal coils of the millipede body and were caught between two segments that were slightly separated by the strong pressure. This facilitated stinging that mostly occurred ventrally in the soft intersegmentary space of the seized zone. (2) When a millipede was more than 4 mm in diameter, the workers seized it by an appendage before stinging or by wrapping themselves around the prey, then recruited nestmates in order to retrieve it. (3) The workers probably perceived kairomones from millipedes rolled into sloughing lodges as they opened the lodges and singly captured individuals less than 4 mm in diameter. Larger individuals (more than 4 mm in diameter) were captured after the workers recruited nestmates that generally cut up these prey on the spot. (4) When encountered in a test-tube simulating galleries, 95 to 105 mmlong millipedes (around 8 mm in diameter) were always captured. When the millipede's head was near the test-tube opening, the workers gripped the antennae or mandibles and stung the extreme anterior part of the millipede body, triggering rapid paralysis. In this case, they were even able to singly master then to retrieve these millipedes 94 to 117 times their weight, which represents the highest ratio for a solitary hunting strategy in ants. When the hind part of the millipede was near the test-tube opening, seizure was difficult and nestmates were recruited in most cases. We concluded that the behavioral flexibility of P.minor, which mainly occurred during the solitary phase of prey mastering, permitted the capture of millipedes of a wide range of sizes.
ON THE ORIGIN OF MISOPHRIOID COPEPODS FROM ANCHIALINE CAVES
Authors: Jaume Damia , Boxshall Geoff 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships between the known genera of the order Misophrioida permit the identification of two lineages: one consisting of the family Misophriidae Brady, 1878 which comprises seven genera, and a new, monotypic family, the Palpophriidae Boxshall & Jaume, 1999; the other consisting of another new family, the Speleophriidae Boxshall & Jaume, 1999, comprising eight genera. Habitat exploitation by these families is discussed: members of the Misophriidae are primarily hyperbenthic, those of the Palpophriidae and Speleophriidae are primarily cavernicolous in anchialine habitats. The occurrence of misophriids in littoral and submarine caves is interpreted as evidence of a relatively recent landward extension of the habitat range in this family, from a shallow-water hyperbenthic ancestor. The distribution of speleophriids in anchialine caves is interpreted as resulting from a colonization episode prior to the closure of the Tethys Sea. The analysis also indicates that deep-water forms may represent a secondary colonization rather than an indication of deep-water ancestry for the entire order. El estudio de las relaciones filogeneticas entre los distintos generos pertenecientes al orden Misophrioida ha permitido la identificacion de dos linajes principales: uno compuesto por la familia Misophriidae Brady, 1878, integrada por siete generos, y una familia nueva, Palpophriidae Boxshall & Jaume, 1999; el otro, integrado por otra nueva familia, Speleophriidae Boxshall & Jaume, 1999, compuesta por ocho generos. Se discute la explotacion que del habitat hacen estas familias: los Misophriidae son primariamente hiperbenticos, mientras que Palpophriidae y Speleophriidae son cavernicolas en medio anquialino. La presencia de misofriidos en cuevas litorales y submarinas es interpretado como evidencia de una relativamente reciente extension tierra adentro del habitat ordinario de esta familia, a partir de un ancestro hiperbentico propio de aguas someras. La distribucion de los espeleofriidos en cuevas anquialinas es interpretada como resultado de un episodio de colonizacion anterior a la oclusion del mar de Tetis. El analisis indica tambien que las formas de aguas profundas representan una colonizacion secundaria mas que indicacion de un ancestro de aguas profundas para el orden entero.
Alteration mineralogy of Cretaceous basalt from ODP Site 1001, Leg 165 (Caribbean Sea)
Authors: Clayton T. , Pearce R. B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSecondary clay minerals observed in the two uppermost basalt lava flows at ODP Site 1001, in the Caribbean Sea, drilled from the large igneous province of Cretaceous age, result from low-temperature alteration processes. Alteration mainly proceeds by circulation and diffusion of sea water. Six different types of clay mineral assemblage were recognized. Initial alteration with oxygenated sea water involves Fe and K fixation, creating visible oxidation halos parallel to the sides of cracks and fissures. A saponite/ beidellite mixture, interstratified smectite-glauconite, interstratified glauconite-nontronite and Fe oxyhydroxides are obtained depending on the distance from fluid conduits. The presence of beidellite may be due to enhanced Al mobilization resulting from high fluid flux. These early minerals are cross-cut by thin veins of pure celadonite or glauconite with further vesicle infill. Late-stage alteration is typified by the formation of saponite and takes place under closed reducing conditions resulting from deposition of the sedimentary overburden.
Cation partitioning in an unusual strontian potassicrichterite from Siberia: Rietveld structure refinement and Mössbauer spectroscopy
Authors: Sokolova E. V. , Kabalov Yu. K. , McCammon C. , Schneider J. , Konev A. A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe crystal structure of strontian potassicrichterite (Mg4.871Fe0.1263+ Mn0.052)Σ5.049(Na1.425Ca0.348Sr0.297)σ2.07K0.873Si8.048O22(OH)2.15 – an unusual amphibole containing up to 3.7 wt.% SrO from the Murun alkaline massif, Eastern Siberia has been refined from X-ray powder diffraction data in monoclinic space group C2/m, with a = 10.0325(1) Å, b = 17.977(1) Å, c = 5.2698(1) Å, and β = 104.70(1)°. According to Mössbauer spectroscopy, nearly all iron occurs as Fe3+ in octahedral coordination. Rietveld refinement shows the Fe3+ to be ordered onto the M(2) site. Sr is completely ordered onto M(4).
Crystal structure and revision of the chemical formula of georgiadesite, Pb4(AsO3)Cl4(OH)
Authors: Pasero M. , Vacchiano D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe crystal structure of the rare secondary lead mineral georgiadesite has been solved from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (R = 0.071). The structure can be visualized in terms of alternating puckered (100) layers of [Pbϕ6] octahedra and [Pbϕ8] bicapped trigonal prisms (ϕ = generic anion). Lead also occurs in irregular, lopsided polyhedra. This structural study shows unambiguously that arsenic occurs as As3+ and not as As5+. The chemical formula of georgiadesite has therefore been revised, on structural grounds, to Pb4(AsO3)Cl4(OH).
Phase transitions in silicate perovskites from first principles
Authors: Warren Michele C. , Ackland Graeme J. , Karki Bijaya B. , Clark Stewart J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe equilibrium structures of cubic, tetragonal and orthorhombic phases of magnesium silicate perovskite are found from first principles electronic structure calculations. Zone centre and zone boundary phonons of each phase are also calculated from ab initio forces from finite displacments, and phase transitions between the phases are analysed in terms of phonon instabilities, and coupling between modes. Both the cubic and tetragonal phases have strongly unstable modes dominated by rotation of the SiO6 octahedra, which freeze in to ultimately form the orthorhombic phase. First priniciples molecular dynamics simulations at finite temperatures are used to further investigate the stability of the intermediate tetragonal phase and the coupling between participating phonon modes. The implications for a transition temperature between orthorhombic and tetragonal phases are discussed.
A prospective randomized phase II trial of GM-CSF priming to prevent topotecan-induced neutropenia in chemotherapy-naive patients with malignant melanoma or renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Janik John E. , Miller Langdon L. , Korn Edward L. , Stevens Diane , Curti Brendan D. , Smith John W. , Sznol Mario , Conlon Kevin C. , Sharfman William , Urba Walter J. , Gause Barry L. , Longo Dan L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe conducted a phase II randomized trial of recombinant granculocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) administered before topotecan chemotherapy to determine whether it could prevent myelosuppression and to determine the antitumor activity of this topoisomerase I inhibitor in 53 patients with metastatic malignant melanoma and renal cell cancer. All patients received GM-CSF after topotecan at a dose of 250 μg/m2 daily for at least 8 days. Patients randomly assigned to receive GM-CSF priming were treated with GM-CSF at 250 μg/m2 twice daily for 5 days before treatment. Twenty-five patients were randomly assigned to receive GM-CSF priming and 28 to receive topotecan without priming. The primary analysis was restricted to the protective effects seen during the first cycle of therapy. Grade 4 neutropenia occurred in 8 of 23 patients (35%) and grade 3 neutropenia in 5 of 23 patients (22%) randomized to GM-CSF priming, whereas 18 of 26 (69%) and 5 of 26 (19%) patients experienced grade 4 or 3 neutropenia, respectively, without GM-CSF priming (P = .0074). The mean duration of neutropenia was reduced by GM-CSF priming: grade 3 neutropenia from 5.2 ± 0.7 to 2.8 ± 0.7 days (P = .0232) and grade 4 neutropenia from 2.7 ± 0.6 to 1.1 ± 0.4 days (P = 0.0332). The protective effects of GM-CSF extended to the second cycle of treatment. The incidence of febrile neutropenia was also reduced. Chemotherapy-induced anemia and thrombocytopenia were similar in both groups. One partial response was seen in a patient with melanoma, and one patient with renal cell cancer had complete regression of pulmonary metastases and was rendered disease-free by nephrectomy.
Grain Size‐Dependent Thermoelectric Performances of Al2O3 Addition into BiSbTe Alloy During Heat Treatment Fabricated by Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Ha Ji‐Won , Rathinam Vasudevan , Go Eun‐Ha , Hong Soon‐Jik 
Published: October 2024

Herein, the effect of grain size and its texture orientations on the microstructural and thermoelectric performances of Al2O3 nanofiber (6 wt%)‐doped p‐type BiSbTe (BST)/Al2O3(N) composite before and after heat treatment is revealed. The results are also compared with the spherical Al2O3 particle addition of BST/Al2O3(S) composite. BiSbTe powders are fabricated through water atomization and BST/Al2O3 composites using ball milling followed by spark plasma sintering to obtain bulk compaction. The grain sizes are in the submicrometer ranges for BST/Al2O3 composites; however, it is found to increase after heat treatment, implying that an increment of electrical conductivity for the heat‐treated BST/Al2O3(N) leads to the enhancement in the power factor of 2.1 mW m−1 K−2 at 375 K. On the other hand, the lattice thermal conductivity (κph) is significantly reduced to 0.52 W m−1 K−1 at 400 K and the corresponding thermal conductivity (κ) of 0.89 W m−1 K−1 is attributed to the effective phonon scattering via an interface between low‐dimensional nanofiber of Al2O3 and BST bulk. Also, highly textured grain orientations after heat treatment help to enhance phonon scattering despite larger grain size. Overall, a substantial enhancement of the figure of merit ZTmax. 0.95 at 400 K is compared to BST/Al2O3(S)_HT (=0.7).
In situ Mechanical Foaming of Hierarchical Porous MoC for Assembling Ultra‐light, Self‐cleaning, Heat‐insulation, Flame‐retardant, and Infrared‐stealth Device
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Tian Yuanyuan , Xu Nuo , Cui Peiyu , Guo Liyuan , Ma Jiacheng , Kang Yifan , Qin Long , Wu Fan , Zhang Lei , Huang Wenhuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMolybdenum carbide (MoC) integrated into a carbon matrix, known for its robust interfacial polarization, emerges as a promising ultra‐lightweight EM wave absorber. However, the fabrication of such materials remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a facile and scalable strategy for preparing MoC‐incorporated carbon matrix employing ZnMo‐HZIF foam material through ball‐milling foaming and calcination process as a promising electromagnetic wave materials (EWAMs). In detail, the 3D foam structure reaches impedance matching, and heterogeneous interfaces of N‐doped MoC‐incorporated carbon material (MoC/NC) promote the dipolar/interfacial polarization, confirmed by the hologram. Mo defects induced the charge transfers, displaying an enhanced interfacial polarization. At 15 wt.%, the minimum reflection loss of the obtained sample at 2.5 mm reaches −47.56 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth spans 4.40 GHz, nearly covering the full X band. Additionally, the assembly device testing demonstrates their excellent self‐cleaning, heat‐insulation, flame retardancy, and infrared stealth properties. This work presents a new perspective on the synergistic effect of structure and components on electromagnetic wave absorption performance and provides a new approach for preparing lightweight and high‐performance MOF‐based electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.
CSF complement proteins are elevated in prodromal to moderate Alzheimer's disease patients and are not altered by the anti‐tau antibody semorinemab
Authors: Sandoval Cosme , Lee Julie , Toth Balazs , Nagaraj Rajini , Schauer Stephen P. , Hoffman Jennifer , Calderon Emilia , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Sanabria Bohórquez Sandra M. , Monteiro Cecilia , Teng Edmond , Hanson Jesse E. , Yeh Felix L. , Gutierrez Johnny , Biever Anne 
Published: October 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONGrowing evidence suggests a role for neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated complement pathway activity in AD patient cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and evaluated its modulation by the anti‐tau antibody semorinemab.METHODSImmunoassays were applied to measure CSF complement proteins C4, factor B (FB), C3 and their cleavage fragments C4a, C3a, and factor Bb (Bb) in AD patients and a separate cognitively unimpaired (CU) cohort.RESULTSAll measured CSF complement proteins were increased in AD versus CU subjects, with C4a displaying the most robust increase. Finally, semorinemab did not have a significant pharmacodynamic effect on CSF complement proteins.DISCUSSIONElevated levels of CSF C4a, C4, C3a, C3, Bb, and FB are consistent with complement activation in AD brains. Despite showing a reduction in CSF soluble tau species, semorinemab did not impact complement protein levels or activity. Further studies are needed to determine the value of complement proteins as neuroinflammation biomarkers in AD.Highlights
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) complement proteins C4a, C3a, Bb, C4, C3, and factor B levels were increased in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared to a separate cognitively unimpaired (CU) cohort.
Baseline CSF complement protein levels were correlated with neuro‐axonal degeneration and glial activation biomarkers in AD patients.
The investigational anti‐tau antibody semorinemab did not impact CSF complement protein levels or activity relative to the placebo arm.
Plasma and CSF neurofilament light chain distinguish neurodegenerative from primary psychiatric conditions in a clinical setting
Authors: Eratne Dhamidhu , Kang Matthew J. Y. , Lewis Courtney , Dang Christa , Malpas Charles B. , Keem Michael , Grewal Jasleen , Marinov Vladimir , Coe Amy , Kaylor‐Hughes Cath , Borchard Thomas , Keng‐Hong Chhoa , Waxmann Alexandra , Saglam Burcu , Kalincik Tomas , Kanaan Richard , Kelso Wendy , Evans Andrew , Farrand Sarah , Loi Samantha , Walterfang Mark , Stehmann Christiane , Li Qiao‐Xin , Collins Steven , Masters Colin L. , Santillo Alexander F. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Berkovic Samuel F. , Velakoulis Dennis ,   The MiND Study Group
Published: October 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONPeople with neurodegenerative disorders (ND) frequently face diagnostic delay and misdiagnosis. We investigated blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light chain (NfL) to distinguish ND from primary psychiatric disorders (PPD), a common challenge in clinical settings.METHODSPlasma and CSF NfL levels were measured and compared between groups, adjusting for age, sex, and weight.RESULTSA total of 337 participants were included: 136 ND, 77 PPD, and 124 Controls. Plasma NfL was 2.5‐fold elevated in ND compared to PPD and had strong diagnostic performance (area under the curve, [AUC]: 0.86, 81%/85% specificity/sensitivity) that was comparable to CSF NfL (2‐fold elevated, AUC: 0.89, 95%/71% specificity/sensitivity). Diagnostic performance was especially strong in younger people (40– < 60 years). Additional findings were cutoffs optimized for sensitivity and specificity, and issues important for future clinical translation.CONCLUSIONSThis study adds important evidence for a simple blood‐based biomarker to assist as a screening test for neurodegeneration and distinction from PPD, in clinical settings.Highlights
NfL levels were significantly higher in ND versus PPD.
Plasma NfL showed strong diagnostic performance, comparable to CSF NfL, to distinguish ND from PPD.
Diagnostic performance was higher in younger people, where diagnostic challenges are greater.
Further research is needed on analytical and reference range factors, for clinical translation.
These findings support a simple screening blood test for neurodegeneration.
Brexpiprazole treatment for agitation in Alzheimer's dementia: A randomized study
Authors: Nakamura Yu , Adachi Jun , Hirota Naoki , Iba Katsuhiro , Shimizu Koichi , Nakai Masami , Takahashi Kaneyoshi , Mori Naoki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of brexpiprazole for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer's dementia (AAD) in Japanese patients.METHODSThis was a phase 2/3 multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study. Patients with AAD were randomized to receive brexpiprazole 1 mg/day or 2 mg/day, or placebo (3:4:4) for 10 weeks.RESULTSFor the primary endpoint (change in Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory [CMAI] total score from baseline to Week 10), both brexpiprazole 1 mg and 2 mg groups demonstrated statistically significant improvement versus placebo (2 mg: least squares [LS] mean difference –7.2 [95% confidence interval (CI): –10.0 to –4.3], p‐value < 0.0001, 1 mg: LS mean difference –3.7 [95% CI: –6.8 to –0.7], p‐value = 0.0175). The incidences of treatment‐emergent adverse events reported in the brexpiprazole 1 mg, 2 mg, and placebo groups were 76.8%, 84.6%, and 73.8%, respectively.DISCUSSIONBrexpiprazole 1 mg/day and 2 mg/day for 10 weeks was efficacious and well tolerated.Highlights
Brexpiprazole treatment for 10 weeks improved agitation in Alzheimer's dementia.
The efficacy of brexpiprazole 1 mg/day has been confirmed for the first time.
The incidence of adverse events was higher compared to the previous studies.
Both brexpiprazole 1 mg/day and 2 mg/day were generally well tolerated.
Argentina–Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: pioneering Alzheimer's Research in Latin America and its Implications for Regional Advancement
Authors: Cubas Guillen Jonathan Fernando , Chrem Méndez Patricio , Surace Ezequiel , Martin María Eugenia , Clarens Florencia , Russo Julieta , Harris Paula , Egido Noelia , Tapajoz Fernanda , Chaves Hernán , Vázquez Silvia , Martinetto Horacio , Campos Jorge , Calandri Ismael Luis , Sevlever Gustavo , Allegri Ricardo F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has fostered collaboration among researchers around the world, catalyzing innovation and accelerating progress in the field. In Latin America, this initiative advanced the validation and development of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers for the first time in our region. In 2011, as part of the international ADNI, Argentina‐ADNI (Arg‐ADNI) was founded. The following years were characterized by strong support from entities such as the Alzheimer's Association, transforming into the emergence of several multinational studies focusing on prevention and diagnosis, and treatment of dementias. These studies are heirs to the tradition of Arg‐ADNI: the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, Latin American Initiative for Lifestyle Intervention to Prevent Cognitive Decline, Longitudinal Early‐Onset Alzheimer's Disease Study, and Initiative for the Study of Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. These initiatives have contributed significantly to the development of regional research and serve as essential tools for health policy planning in Latin America.Highlights
In Latin America, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) advanced the validation and development of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers for the first time in our region.
ADNI has been the basis that boosted several multinational studies focusing on both prevention and diagnosis, and treatment of dementias (Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, LatAm‐FINGER, LEADS).
These initiatives with the support from the Alzheimer's Association have contributed significantly to the development of regional research
This is an example of collaboration between high‐income countries with low‐ and middle‐income countries aimed at global scientific development and inclusion.
Untangling the complex web of avoidable nursing home‐to‐hospital transfers of residents with dementia
Authors: Powell Kimberly R. , Isnainy Mira , Amewudah Philip , Paez‐Perez Debora , Lee Suhwon , Mehr David R. , Alexander Gregory L. , Popescu Mihail 
Published: October 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONNursing home (NH) residents with Alzheimer's disease or related dementias (ADRD) are at high risk for hospital transfer. We aimed to (1) describe characteristics and predictors of avoidable transfer of residents with ADRD and (2) explore how “what matters” influences the decision to transfer.METHODSWe applied an exploratory, mixed methods design using data collected as part of a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services demonstration project. Advanced practice registered nurses documented retrospective details about nursing home (NH)‐to‐hospital transfers (n = 3687) from 16 NHs.RESULTSNH residents with ADRD had 1.22 times higher odds of having an avoidable NH‐to‐hospital transfer (odds ratio = 1.22; 95% confidence interval = 1.03, 1.45). Factors contributing to avoidable transfers were age, stage of ADRD, what matters to the resident and their family, changes in condition, and resources available in the NH.DISCUSSIONThese findings highlight the need for enhanced specificity in the discussion and documentation of resident and family preferences and continued investments in the NH workforce.Highlights
This article reports on factors contributing to avoidable nursing home (NH)‐to‐hospital transfer of residents with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). The mixed methods design used in this study offers insight beyond what is possible using a single‐method design.
Using data collected from a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services demonstration project, advanced practice registered nurses documented retrospective details about NH‐to‐hospital transfers (n = 3687) of residents.
NH residents with ADRD were more likely to have an avoidable NH‐to‐hospital transfer. Factors contributing to avoidable transfers were age, stage of ADRD, what matters to the resident and their family, changes in condition, and resources available in the NH.
These findings highlight the need for enhanced specificity in discussion and documentation of resident and family preferences and continued investments in the NH workforce.