bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relación entre teoría y praxis en la formación de profesionales de enfermería: revisión integradora de literatura
Authors: Piedrahita Sandoval Laura Elvira , Rosero Prado Ana Lucia 
Published: July 2017

El presente artículo es una revisión integradora de publicaciones de revistas indexadas inscritas en las bases de datos Scielo, MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, CUIDEN, OVID, pub Med, y TESEO, entre 2000-2014 escritas en español, portugués e inglés. <br />El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar en las producciones científicas la problematización de la relación entre teoría y praxis en la formación de los profesionales de enfermería. <br />Se seleccionaron 35 documentos, con base en criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Para el análisis, los estudios fueron ordenados de acuerdo a aspectos comunes como: tipo de documento, país de origen, autor, año de publicación, conceptos clave y/o definiciones. El estudio posibilitó la agrupación de los datos en unidades temáticas, emergiendo tres categorías: Estudios relacionados con los profesores y el currículo, estudios relacionados con los estudiantes y los estudios relacionados con los enfermeros asistenciales a partir de su práctica profesional. <br />Los resultados indican que la complejidad de la relación entre la teoría y la práctica es evidente, demostrando que no existe una transferencia del conocimiento teórico de las aulas, a la realidad de la práctica asistencial. Adicionalmente, se resalta la discreta productividad de estudios relacionados con esta temática, más teniendo en cuenta la importancia del tema y la preocupación constante que genera tanto en los profesores, estudiantes, como en los enfermeros asistenciales.<br /><br />
Does fault strengthening in laboratory rock friction experiments really depend primarily upon time and not slip?
Authors: Bhattacharya Pathikrit , Rubin Allan M. , Beeler Nicholas M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe popular constitutive formulations of rate‐and‐state friction offer two end‐member views on whether friction evolves only with slip (Slip law) or with time even without slip (Aging law). While rate stepping experiments show support for the Slip law, laboratory‐observed frictional behavior near zero slip rates has traditionally been inferred as supporting Aging law style time‐dependent healing, in particular, from the slide‐hold‐slide experiments of Beeler et al. (1994). Using a combination of new analytical results and explicit numerical (Bayesian) inversion, we show instead that the slide‐hold‐slide data of Beeler et al. (1994) favor slip‐dependent state evolution during holds. We show that, while the stiffness‐independent rate of growth of peak stress (following reslides) with hold duration is a property shared by both the Aging and (under a more restricted set of parameter combinations) Slip laws, the observed stiffness dependence of the rate of stress relaxation during long holds is incompatible with the Aging law with constant rate‐state parameters. The Slip law consistently fits the evolution of the stress minima at the end of the holds well, whether fitting jointly with peak stresses or otherwise. But neither the Aging nor Slip laws fit all the data well when a − b is constrained to values derived from prior velocity steps. We also attempted to fit the evolution of stress peaks and minima with the Kato‐Tullis hybrid law and the shear stress‐dependent Nagata law, both of which, even with the freedom of an extra parameter, generally reproduced the best Slip law fits to the data.
Double jeopardy in astronomy and planetary science: Women of color face greater risks of gendered and racial harassment
Authors: Clancy Kathryn B. H. , Lee Katharine M. N. , Rodgers Erica M. , Richey Christina 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWomen generally, and women of color specifically, have reported hostile workplace experiences in astronomy and related fields for some time. However, little is known of the extent to which individuals in these disciplines experience inappropriate remarks, harassment, and assault. We hypothesized that the multiple marginality of women of color would mean that they would experience a higher frequency of inappropriate remarks, harassment, and assault in the astronomical and planetary science workplace. We conducted an internet‐based survey of the workplace experiences of 474 astronomers and planetary scientists between 2011 and 2015 and found support for this hypothesis. In this sample, in nearly every significant finding, women of color experienced the highest rates of negative workplace experiences, including harassment and assault. Further, 40% of women of color reported feeling unsafe in the workplace as a result of their gender or sex, and 28% of women of color reported feeling unsafe as a result of their race. Finally, 18% of women of color, and 12% of white women, skipped professional events because they did not feel safe attending, identifying a significant loss of career opportunities due to a hostile climate. Our results suggest that the astronomy and planetary science community needs to address the experiences of women of color and white women as they move forward in their efforts to create an inclusive workplace for all scientists.
Carbonyl Ylides Derived from Palladium Carbenes: The Impressive Fluorine Effect
Authors: Zhu Chuanle , Zhu Rui , Chen Pengquan , Chen Fulin , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe first example for the generation of carbonyl ylides from palladium carbenes is reported. Systematic investigation of the substituents attached to the carbonyl group indicates that the employment of trifluoromethyl group as the substituent is very critical for the success of this transformation. The remarkable fluorine effect on the reactivity is very impressive, which allows the construction of various trifluoromethylated oxiranes in high yields and diastereoselectivities.magnified image
GaSb‐Based Solar Cells for Full Solar Spectrum Energy Harvesting
Authors: Lumb Matthew P. , Mack Shawn , Schmieder Kenneth J. , González María , Bennett Mitchell F. , Scheiman David , Meitl Matthew , Fisher Brent , Burroughs Scott , Lee Kyu‐Tae , Rogers John A. , Walters Robert J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this work, a multijunction solar cell is developed on a GaSb substrate that can efficiently convert the long‐wavelength photons typically lost in a multijunction solar cell into electricity. A combination of modeling and experimental device development is used to optimize the performance of a dual junction GaSb/InGaAsSb concentrator solar cell. Using transfer printing, a commercially available GaAs‐based triple junction cell is stacked mechanically with the GaSb‐based materials to create a four‐terminal, five junction cell with a spectral response range covering the region containing >99% of the available direct‐beam power from the Sun reaching the surface of the Earth. The cell is assembled in a mini‐module with a geometric concentration ratio of 744 suns on a two‐axis tracking system and demonstrated a combined module efficiency of 41.2%, measured outdoors in Durham, NC. Taking into account the measured transmission of the optics gives an implied cell efficiency of 44.5%.
Unveiling the Link Between Fractional Schrödinger Equation and Light Propagation in Honeycomb Lattice
Authors: Zhang Da , Zhang Yiqi , Zhang Zhaoyang , Ahmed Noor , Zhang Yanpeng , Li Fuli , Belić Milivoj R. , Xiao Min 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe suggest a real physical system — the honeycomb lattice — as a possible realization of the fractional Schrödinger equation (FSE) system, through utilization of the Dirac‐Weyl equation (DWE). The fractional Laplacian in FSE causes modulation of the dispersion relation of the system, which becomes linear in the limiting case. In the honeycomb lattice, the dispersion relation is already linear around the Dirac point, suggesting a possible connection with the FSE, since both models can be reduced to the one described by the DWE. Thus, we propagate Gaussian beams in three ways: according to FSE, honeycomb lattice around the Dirac point, and DWE, to discover universal behavior — the conical diffraction. However, if an additional potential is brought into the system, the similarity in behavior is broken, because the added potential serves as a perturbation that breaks the translational periodicity of honeycomb lattice and destroys Dirac cones in the dispersion relation.
Shape memory properties of olefin block copolymer (OBC)/poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) blends
Authors: Lai Sun‐Mou , Wang Xue‐Fen 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTConventionally, the chemically crosslinked shape memory polymer (SMP) blends are hard to recycle due to their network structure. Herein, the environmental SMP blends of olefin block copolymer (OBC), a unique thermoplastic elastomer, and poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) were physically crosslinked. Dicumyl peroxide was used as the compatibilizer to improve their miscibility, as evidenced by the reduced dispersed domain size of PCL in the OBC matrix and the increased complex viscosity. The peroxide modified OBC/PCL blend conferred enhanced tensile properties, increased dynamic storage modulus, increased crystallization temperature, and higher recovery stress. The shape memory behaviors of OBC/PCL blends predeformed under two different predeformation temperatures (30 and 65 °C) were investigated. The recovery stress showed respective maximum peak values corresponding to their predeformation temperatures. In addition, the modified blends gave the better shape memory performance at 65 °C. Besides the peroxide modification approach, a precycle training process via prestretching the samples and reducing the mechanical hysteresis was implemented to improve shape memory performance further. This is the first work on the OBC‐based SMP blends to enhance shape memory performance by combining the chemical modification using added peroxide compatibilizer and the process modification using a precycle training process. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45475.
Graphene Foam Decorated with Ceria Microspheres as a Flexible Cathode for Foldable Lithium‐Air Batteries
Authors: Jiang Yuexing , Cheng Junfang , Zou Lu , Li Xinyu , Huang Yizhen , Jia Lichao , Chi Bo , Pu Jian , Li Jian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFoldable lithium‐air batteries with a high theoretical specific energy show wide applications in portable electronic devices, and the flexible cathodes play the most important role. In this work, CeO2 microspheres are grown in situ on 3 D interconnected graphene foam by hydrothermal treatment as the flexible cathode for lithium‐air batteries. With the assistance of a macroporous framework for rapid O2 diffusion and CeO2 distributed uniformly for enhanced catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction, the lightweight flexible cathodes show a large discharge capacity of 3250 mA h g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1 (based on the whole cathode) and can cycle steadily for 80 times with a capacity limitation of 600 mA h g−1. The flexible lithium‐air battery based on the new cathode also shows a stable discharge/charge potential platform during bending and good electrochemical reversibility after bending for at least 1000 times in ambient air. The study reveals that the high‐catalytic‐activity flexible cathode would be suitable for foldable lithium‐air batteries.
Photoinduced Trans‐to‐cis Phase Transition of Polycrystalline Azobenzene at Low Irradiance Occurs in the Solid State
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ujjal , Freppon Daniel , Men Long , Vela Javier , Smith Emily A. , Petrich Jacob W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe ability to produce large‐scale, reversible structural changes in a variety of materials by photoexcitation of a wide variety of azobenzene derivatives has been recognized for almost two decades. Because photoexcitation of trans‐azobenzene produces the cis‐isomer in solution, it has generally been inferred that the macroscopic structural changes occurring in materials are also initiated by a similar large‐amplitude trans‐to‐cis isomerization. This work provides the first demonstration that a trans‐to‐cis photoisomerization occurs in polycrystalline azobenzene, and is consistent with the previously hypothesized nature of the trigger in the photoactuated mechanisms of the materials in question. It is also demonstrated that under low irradiance, trans‐to‐cis isomerization occurs in the solid (not via a pre‐melted phase); and the presence of the cis‐isomer thus lowers the melting point of the sample, providing a liquid phase. A variety of experimental techniques were employed, including X‐ray diffraction measurements of polycrystalline azobenzene during exposure to laser irradiation and fluorescence measurements of the solid sample. A practical consequence of this work is that it establishes trans‐azobenzene as an easily obtainable and well‐defined control for monitoring photoinduced structural changes in X‐ray diffraction experiments, using easily accessible laser wavelengths.
Was daraus alles werden kann
Authors: Niendorf Thomas , Brenne Florian , Günther Johannes 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVon Kunststoff bis Keramik – additive Fertigung, besser bekannt als 3‐D‐Druck, ist mit nahezu allen Materialien möglich. Werkstoffforscher zeigen mit Metallen, dass „noch mehr geht“. Durch ein optimiertes lokales Prozessdesign wollen sie neue Werkstoffeigenschaften schaffen.
The health and economic impact of scaling cervical cancer prevention in 50 low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries
Authors: Campos Nicole G. , Sharma Monisha , Clark Andrew , Lee Kyueun , Geng Fangli , Regan Catherine , Kim Jane , Resch Stephen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the health impact, financial costs, and cost‐effectiveness of scaling‐up coverage of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination (young girls) and cervical cancer screening (women of screening age) for women in countries that will likely need donor assistance.MethodsWe used a model‐based approach to synthesize population, demographic, and epidemiological data from 50 low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries. Models were used to project the costs (US $), lifetime health impact (cervical cancer cases, deaths averted), and cost‐effectiveness (US $ per disability adjusted life year [DALY] averted) of: (1) two‐dose HPV‐16/18 vaccination of girls aged 10 years; (2) once‐in‐a‐lifetime screening, with treatment when needed, of women aged 35 years with either HPV DNA testing or visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA); and (3) cervical cancer treatment over a 10‐year roll‐out.ResultsWe estimated that both HPV vaccination and screening would be very cost‐effective, and a comprehensive program could avert 5.2 million cases, 3.7 million deaths, and 22.0 million DALYs over the lifetimes of the intervention cohorts for a total 10‐year program cost of US $3.2 billion.ConclusionInvestment in HPV vaccination of young girls and cervical cancer screen‐and‐treat programs in low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries could avert a substantial burden of disease while providing good value for public health dollars.
Assessment of hypertensive cerebrovascular alterations with multiband Look–Locker arterial spin labeling
Authors: Lee Yoojin , Kim Tae 
Published: July 2017

PurposeTo quantitatively assess the hypertension‐induced cerebrovascular alterations by measuring the dynamics of arterial spin labeling (ASL) signals.Materials and MethodsThe multiband Look–Locker ASL (MB LL‐ASL) technique was evaluated in comparison to a single‐band LL‐ASL for three healthy subjects. Also, seven healthy subjects were scanned to determine the strength of the vascular crushing gradients applied to separate arterial from tissue ASL signal. With the optimized MB LL‐ASL technique, multiple parameters, cerebral blood flow (CBF), transit times to artery (tA), and capillary (tC), delivery duration of labeled blood (τ), and arterial blood volume (CBVa), were simultaneously quantified for age‐matched eight control and eight hypertensive subjects with 259 msec of temporal resolution and 20 slices covering the whole‐brain region at 3T.ResultsWhile CBF of hypertensives were comparable with those of normotensives (CBF of normotensives vs. hypertensives = 62.2 ± 6.87 vs. 61.9 ± 8.94 ml/100g/min, P = 0.960 for the whole gray matter), tC and τ were prolonged in hypertensives in most brain regions (tC = 1.30 ± 0.09 vs. 1.76 ± 0.16 sec, P = 0.034; τ = 1.46 ± 0.10 vs. 2.30 ± 0.22 sec, P = 0.006 for the whole gray matter). Two regions showed the increased CBVa in hypertensives compared to normotensives (hippocampus and thalamus with P = 0.009 and 0.035, respectively).ConclusionHypertension slows the perfusion dynamics, while the remaining CBF is unchanged. A detailed characterization of regional cerebrovascular impairments by MB‐LL‐ASL technique provides better understanding of hypertension‐induced cerebrovascular modifications.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:663–672.
Neurosonology Accuracy for Isolated Acute Vestibular Syndromes
Authors: Tábuas‐Pereira Miguel , Sargento‐Freitas João , Isidoro Luís , Silva Fernando , Galego Orlando , Nunes César , Cordeiro Gustavo , Cunha Luís 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThe clinical approach to acute vestibular syndromes is often complex for the physician. Neurosonology offers a noninvasive method to study the cervicocephalic circulation when a vascular etiology is suspected. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a vascular neurosonological exam in isolated acute vestibular syndrome.MethodsAll patients submitted to cerebrovascular ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging during the period between 2011 and 2015 with acute isolated vestibular syndrome. Those with any clinical sign of brainstem lesion on presentation were excluded. All patients performed the neuroimaging study (brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) and neurologic surveillance. Neurosonological exam included all intra‐ and extracranial segments of the vertebrobasilar circulation. Positive ultrasound exam was defined as the presence of stenotic or occlusive disease in any of these segments related to the infarcted area.ResultsA total of 108 patients were included: 60 (53.6%) were males (mean age: 60.75 years (standard deviation, 14.17)). In 27 patients (25.0%) a cerebral ischemic lesion was found to be the cause of the vertigo. Neurosonological assessment showed a sensitivity of 40.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22.4; 61.2), specificity of 100% (95% CI: 95.5; 100.0), positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% (95% CI: 71.5; 100.0), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 83.5% (95% CI: 74.6; 90.3).ConclusionsOur study suggests that cerebrovascular ultrasound is a highly specific method for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular vertigo. However, its low sensitivity makes it a poor candidate for screening.
Diagnostic Value of Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography and Time‐Intensity Curve in Differential Diagnosis of Cervical Metastatic and Tuberculous Lymph Nodes
Authors: Cui Qiu‐li , Yin Shan‐shan , Fan Zhi‐Hui , Yang Wei , Wang Song , Yan Kun 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous and metastatic lymph nodes.MethodsNineteen cervical tuberculous lymph nodes and 43 cervical metastatic lymph nodes were investigated. The CEUS perfusion patterns and parameters of time‐intensity curve (TIC) were analyzed. Diagnostic accuracy and consistency of two physicians were compared before and after CEUS and TIC analysis.ResultsConventional ultrasonography showed no significant differences between tuberculous and metastatic lymph nodes. Concentric enhancement at the arterial phase of CEUS occurred in 15 of 19 (78.9%) tuberculous lymph nodes and 42 of 43 (97.7%) metastatic lymph nodes (P < .05). For the TIC curve, a steep descending curve with an apparent notch was commonly found in tuberculous lymph nodes (13 of 16). Although a shallow descending curve was common (40 of 43) in metastatic lymph nodes, most did not have a notch on the curve (39 of 43) (P < .01). The k‐value and the peak intensity (PI) value of tuberculous lymph nodes were significantly higher and the △PI value was significantly lower than that of metastatic lymph nodes (P < .05, respectively). Kappa values for the diagnosis consistency of the two physicians before and after CEUS and TIC analysis were 0.582 and 0.761, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy before and after CEUS and TIC analysis was 47.4% (28 of 59) and 96.6% (57 of 59), respectively (P < .001).ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced ultrasonography with TIC analysis is helpful in differentiating tuberculous from metastatic lymph nodes.
Stabilization of protein structure through π–π interaction in the second coordination sphere of pseudoazurin
Authors: Yamaguchi Takahide , Nihei Yuko , Sutherland Duncan E. K. , Stillman Martin J. , Kohzuma Takamitsu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNoncovalent, weak interactions in the second coordination sphere of the copper active site of Pseudoazurin (PAz) from Achromobacter cycloclastes were examined using a series of Met16X variants. In this study, the differences in protein stability due to the changes in the nature of the 16th amino acid (Met, Phe, Val, Ile) were investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and far‐UV circular dichroism (CD) as a result of acid denaturation. The percentage of native states (folded holo forms) of Met16Phe variants was estimated to be 75% at pH 2.9 although the wild‐type (WT), Met16Val and Met16Ile PAz, became completely unfolded. The high stability under acidic conditions is correlated with the result of the active site being stabilized by the aromatic substitution of the Met16 residue. The π–π interaction in the second coordination sphere makes a significant contribution to the stability of active site and the protein matrix.
Implicit followership theory to employee creativity: The roles of leader–member exchange, self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation
Authors: Kong Ming , Xu Haoying , Zhou Aiqin , Yuan Yue 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeaders’ implicit followership theory describes leaders’ personal assumptions about the traits and behaviors that characterize followers. Unlike traditional organizational behavior research, studies on leaders’ implicit followership theory can deepen our understandings of ‘how leaders and followers perceive, decide and take action’ from follower-centric perspective. Adopting 267 follower–leader dyads from 16 Chinese enterprises as our final sample, we found that: (1) positive leaders’ implicit followership theory had significant positive effect on followers’ creativity; (2) followers’ leader–member exchange with leader, intrinsic motivation and creative self-efficacy mediated the positive relationship between positive leaders’ implicit followership theory and followers’ creativity; (3) no significance difference was found between the mediating effects of leader–member exchange, intrinsic motivation and creative self-efficacy. The current study not only extended the application of social cognitive theory in leadership research, but also made contributions to the enrichment of social exchange theory and componential theory of creativity.
Book-Burning and the Uses of Writing in Ancient Rome: Destructive Practice between Literature and Document
Authors: Howley Joseph A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThis article examines the burning of written material at Rome from the Republican period until the rise of Christianity, using the lens of book history. It considers why and how Romans burned written material, gathering for the first time all testimony of burning any kind of writing, and examines responses to these burnings in ancient discourse. A capacious, book-historical approach to Roman book-burning shows that differences in practice and uses — of books as opposed to documents, for example — account for the different consequences Romans saw for burning different written media.