bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Released by Skin-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Critical for Inhibiting Th17 Cell Differentiation
Authors: Ke Fang , Zhang Lingyun , Liu Zhaoyuan , Yan Sha , Xu Zhenyao , Bai Jing , Zhu Huiyuan , Lou Fangzhou , Cai Wei , Sun Yang , Gao Yuanyuan , Wang Hong , Wang Honglin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractT helper 17 (Th17) cells play an important role in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Th17 cell differentiation from naïve T cells can be induced in vitro by the cytokines transforming growth factor β1 and interleukin-6. However, it remains unclear whether other regulatory factors control the differentiation of Th17 cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune diseases. Despite the fact that several molecules have been linked to the immunomodulatory function of MSCs, many other key MSC-secreted regulators that are involved in inhibiting Th17 cell polarization are ill-defined. In this study, we demonstrated that the intraperitoneal administration of skin-derived MSCs (S-MSCs) substantially ameliorated the development of EAE in mice. We found that the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a key mediator in the pathophysiology of MS and EAE, was capable of promoting Th17 cell differentiation. Moreover, under inflammatory conditions, we demonstrated that S-MSCs produced high amounts of soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNFR1), which binds TNF-α and antagonizes its function. Knockdown of sTNFR1 in S-MSCs decreased their inhibitory effect on Th17 cell differentiation ex vivo and in vivo. Thus, our data identified sTNFR1 and its target TNF-α as critical regulators for Th17 cell differentiation, suggesting a previously unrecognized mechanism for MSC therapy in Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases.SignificanceThis study showed that administration of skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells (S-MSCs) was able to alleviate the clinical score of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a critical cytokine for promoting Th17 cell differentiation. It was discovered that activated S-MSCs produced high amount of soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNFR1), which neutralized TNF-α and inhibited Th17 cell polarization. The data identified S-MSC-secreted sTNFR1 and its target TNF-α as essential regulators for Th17 cell differentiation and revealed a novel mechanism underlying MSC-mediated immunomodulatory function in autoimmunity.
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Detection of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Fangyang Jiao  , Jingjie Ge  , Zhongwen Zhou  , Yihui Guan  , Chuantao Zuo  
Published: January 2016

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare type of extranodal large B-cell lymphoma. Now, it remains a diagnostic challenge, because of non-specific findings on clinical, laboratory, and imaging studies. Here we present a case of an IVLBCL patient, who presented with fever of unknown origin and had skin involvement, that 18F-FDG PET/CT showed increased metabolism on systemic subcutaneous fat layer with a SUVmax of 1.29. After five courses of R-CHOP, 18F-FDG PET/CT showed disappearance of the diffuse FDG accumulation on systemic subcutaneous fat layer with a SUVmax of 0.55. These features make this case unique.
Intensive FDG-PET/CT Uptake Suggestive of Malignancy Misleading the Diagnosis of Sclerosing Pneumocytoma
Authors: Sarra  Zairi  , Antoine  Legras  , Laure  Gibault  , Nadia  Ghazzar  Pierque  , Ciprian Pricopi  , Françoise Le Pimpec Barthes  
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Combined Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography with 18-fluoro-desoxy-glucose (FDG-PET/CT) is highly sensitive in differentiating malignant from benign pulmonary lesions and is part of the current recommended practices for non-invasive lung nodule assessment. However, many solid pulmonary nodules may show misleading miscellaneous features and can be mistakenly diagnosed as malignant lesions.
Case Report: Herein we report the case of a passive smoking female patient with multiple comorbidities, who was referred for a solitary pulmonary nodule randomly discovered. Chest imaging showed a middle lobe 16-mm nodule with an intensive uptake (SUVmax 7.6) highly suggestive of malignant origin. The patient underwent middle lobectomy with radical lymphadenectomy because the malignancy was not excluded on frozen section. Definitive pathological examination showed a sclerosing pneumocytoma.
Conclusion: FDG-PET/CT is an accurate imaging tool for assessment of solid pulmonary nodules. However, false positive results of some benign lesions have to be kept in mind. Therefore, FDG-PET/CT features have to be interpreted according to the patients background and clinical data, in order to provide the best appropriate management.
Trophy Heads or Ancestor Veneration? A Stable Isotope Perspective on Disassociated and Modified Crania in Precontact Central California
Authors: Eerkens Jelmer W. , Bartelink Eric J. , Brink Laura , Fitzgerald Richard T. , Garibay Ramona , Jorgenson Gina A. , Wiberg Randy S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFew items in the archaeological record capture the imagination more than human heads separated from their bodies. Such items are sometimes assumed to indicate warfare practices, where “trophy heads” display power and fighting prowess. Other times, they are interpreted as representing ancestor veneration. Isolated crania are not uncommon in the Early period (ca. 4500–2500 B.P.) in Central California. Some anthropologists interpret them as trophy heads, but isotopie analyses at CA-CCO-548 suggest an alternative interpretation. Strontium isotope analyses on one modified cranium produced values consistent with local individuals, and both headless burials and people buried with extra skulls overlap in carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Further, teeth from two individuals who were buried with extra skulls suggest both were weaned at early ages (before age 2), much earlier than other individuals at the site. Together with contextual information, we argue that the isotopie data are more consistent with the hypothesis that extra skulls and headless burials represent ancestor veneration rather than trophies, shedding new light on Early-period societies in Central California.
Minding the Gaps: A Methodological Approach to Inter-Individual Variability in Skeletal Completion
Authors: Beck Jess L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn order to ensure sufficient sample sizes, bioarchaelogical studies of individual health in prehistory must often rely on assemblages that demonstrate high inter-individual variability in skeletal completion. Determining whether higher insult frequencies in particular individuals result from their greater skeletal preservation is a key step in understanding ancient health and disease. This study uses a simple new z-score residual approach to control for inter-individual differences in skeletal completion while comparing multiple variables. To test this method, a sex- and age-balanced sample of 85 adult individuals was selected from five Middle and Late Woodland sites in Illinois: Helton (11GE540), Gibson (11C5), Ledders (11C132), Ray (11BR104,) and Carter (11GE624). Data on the frequency of nine different health indicators were collected, and statistically significant period- or sex-based differences in osteoarthritis, alveolar resorption, and hypoplasias were observed, illustrating the utility of this approach for bioarchaeologists concerned with the effects of skeletal completion on assessments of prehistoric health.
Statistical Analysis of Paradigmatic Class Richness Supports Greater Paleoindian Projectile-Point Diversity in the Southeast
Authors: Eren Metin I. , Chao Anne , Chiu Chun-Huo , Colwell Robert K. , Buchanan Briggs , Boulanger Matthew T. , Darwent John , O’Brien Michael J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRonald Mason’s hypothesis from the 1960s that the southeastern United States possesses greater Paleoindian projectile-point diversity than other regions is regularly cited, and often assumed to be true, but in fact has never been quantitatively tested. Even if valid, however, the evolutionary meaning of this diversity is contested. Point diversity is often linked to Clovis “origins,” but point diversity could also arise from group fissioning and drift, admixture, adaptation, or multiple founding events, among other possibilities. Before archaeologists can even begin to discuss these scenarios, it is paramount to ensure that what we think we know is representative of reality. To this end, we tested Mason’s hypothesis for the first time, using a sample of 1,056 Paleoindian points from eastern North America arui employing paradigmatic classification and rigorous statistical tools used in the quantification of ecological biodiversity. Our first set of analyses, which compared the Southeast to the Northeast, showed that the Southeast did indeed possess significantly greater point-class richness. Although this result was consistent with Mason’s hypothesis, our second set of analyses, which compared the Upper Southeast to the Lower Southeast and the Northeast showed that in terms of point-class richness the Upper Southeast > Lower Southeast > Northeast. Given current chronometrie evidence, we suggest that this latter result is consistent with the suggestion that the area of the Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee River valleys, as well as the mid-Atlantic coastal plain, were possible initial and secondary “staging areas” for colonizing Paleoindian foragers moving from western to eastern North America.
Theoretical Challenges of Indigenous Archaeology: Setting an Agenda
Authors: McNiven Ian J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIndigenous archaeology focuses on laudable processes of collaborative community research and decolonization. In contrast, theoretical contributions of Indigenous archaeology in terms of interpreting archaeological materials have been minimally articulated beyond praxis. Does Indigenous archaeology have an interpretative theoretical agenda? This paper addresses this question and articulates an agenda through distillation of theoretical developments and concerns from the considerable literature on Indigenous archaeology that has emerged from the Americas, Australia, and Africa over the past two decades. A shared fundamental concern is challenging ontological and epistemological divides and dualisms within mainstream Western archaeology. Two key dimensions of Indigenous archaeology are elaborated to provide broader scope to contextualize and address these theoretical challenges. First,encountering the pastchallenges objectivist tangibility of the archaeological record with ancestral presence and contexts where artifactual absence is the (in)tangible signature of spiritual association. Second,historicing the presentchallenges secularist archaeologies of a detached past with archaeologies of the more familiar ethnographically known recent past linked to identity and diachronic explorations of ontology and spiritualism. An agenda that embraces these theoretical challenges presents major opportunities for mainstream archaeology to reorient its Eurocentric focus and produce more cross-culturally relevant and culturally nuanced and sensitive understandings of the past.
Ultralow reverse leakage current in AlGaN/GaN lateral Schottky barrier diodes grown on bulk GaN substrate
Authors: Lu Xing , Liu Chao , Jiang Huaxing , Zou Xinbo , Zhang Anping , Lau Kei May 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We report on a study of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure lateral Schottky barrier diodes (L-SBDs) grown on a bulk GaN substrate. The L-SBDs exhibited an ultralow reverse leakage current below 10−6 A/cm2 without employing any extra treatments, which was over 4 orders of magnitude lower than that of a reference device on a sapphire substrate. The superior performance was attributed to the high crystalline quality of the heterostructure achieved by homoepitaxy. The comparison also revealed that the absence of high-density trap states in the homoepitaxial L-SBD grown on the bulk GaN substrate played a key role in achieving a low reverse leakage current.
Micro-light-pipe array with an excitation attenuation filter for lensless digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Takehara Hironari , Nagasaki Mizuki , Sasagawa Kiyotaka , Takehara Hiroaki , Noda Toshihiko , Tokuda Takashi , Ohta Jun 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used for detecting various biomarkers with hypersensitivity. We have been developing compact systems by replacing the fluorescence microscope with a CMOS image sensor. Here, we propose a micro-light-pipe array structure made of metal filled with dye-doped resin, which can be used as a fabrication substrate of the micro-reaction-chamber array of digital ELISA. The possibility that this structure enhances the coupling efficiency for fluorescence was simulated using a simple model. To realize the structure, we fabricated a 30-µm-thick micropipe array by copper electroplating around a thick photoresist pattern. The typical diameter of each fabricated micropipe was 10 µm. The pipes were filled with yellow-dye-doped epoxy resin. The transmittance ratio of fluorescence and excitation light could be controlled by adjusting the doping concentration. We confirmed that an angled excitation light incidence suppressed the leakage of excitation light.
An analysis of structural relationship among achievement motive on social participation, purpose in life, and role expectations among community dwelling elderly attending day services
Authors: Sano Nobuyuki , Kyougoku Makoto 
Published: January 2016

Background.Achievement motive is defined as the intention to achieve one’s goals. Achievement motive is assumed to promote clients to choices and actions toward their valuable goal, so it is an important consideration in rehabilitation.Purpose.The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the structural relationship among achievement motive on purpose in life, social participation, and role expectation of community-dwelling elderly people.Methods.Participants were community-dwelling elderly people in day-service centers. A total of 281 participants (male: 127, female: 154) answered the self-administered questionnaire in cross-sectional research. The questionnaire was comprised of demographic data and scales that evaluated achievement motive, social participation, purpose in life, and role expectation. We studied the structural relationship established by our hypothesized model via a structural equation modeling approach.Results.We checked the standardized path coefficients and the modification indices; the modified model’s statistics were a good fit: CFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.983, RMSEA = 0.050, 90% CI [0.044–0.055]. Achievement motive had a significantly direct effect on purpose in life (direct effect = 0.445,pvalue < 0.001), a significantly indirect effect on purpose in life via social participation or role expectation (indirect effect = 0.170,pvalue < 0.001) and a total effect on purpose in life (total effect = 0.615).Discussion.This result suggests that enhancing the intention to achieve one’s goals enables participants to feel a spirit of challenge with a purpose and a sense of fulfillment in their daily lives.
Coeval fluctuations of the Greenland ice sheet and a local glacier, central East Greenland, during late glacial and early Holocene time
Authors: Levy Laura B. , Kelly Meredith A. , Lowell Thomas V. , Hall Brenda L. , Howley Jennifer A. , Smith Colby A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe present a 10Be chronology of late glacial to early Holocene fluctuations of a Greenland ice sheet outlet glacier and the adjacent Milne Land ice cap in central East Greenland. Ages of boulders on bedrock indicate that both ice masses receded during the Younger Dryas (YD), likely due to rising summer temperatures. Since Greenland ice core records register cold mean annual temperatures throughout the YD, these ice‐marginal data support climate conditions characterized by strong seasonality. The ice sheet outlet glacier and ice cap deposited inner Milne Land Stade moraines at 11.4 ± 0.8 ka and 11.4 ± 0.6 ka, respectively (mean moraine ages and 1σ uncertainties). Based on the coeval moraine ages, we suggest that both ice masses responded to climate conditions acting on the ice margins, specifically ablation. Moreover, the ice sheet responded sensitively (i.e., on the same time scale as a small ice cap) to climate conditions.
Deglaciation and glacial erosion: A joint control on magma productivity by continental unloading
Authors: Sternai Pietro , Caricchi Luca , Castelltort Sébastien , Champagnac Jean‐Daniel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGlacial‐interglacial cycles affect the processes through which water and rocks are redistributed across the Earth's surface, thereby linking the solid Earth and climate dynamics. Regional and global scale studies suggest that continental lithospheric unloading due to ice melting during the transition to interglacials leads to increased continental magmatic, volcanic, and degassing activity. Such a climatic forcing on the melting of the Earth's interior, however, has always been evaluated regardless of continental unloading by glacial erosion, albeit the density of rock exceeds that of ice by approximately 3 times. Here we present and discuss numerical results involving synthetic but realistic topographies, ice caps, and glacial erosion rates suggesting that erosion may be as important as deglaciation in affecting continental unloading. Our study represents an additional step toward a more general understanding of the links between a changing climate, glacial processes, and the melting of the solid Earth.
A particle number conserving Lagrangian method for mixing‐driven reactive transport
Authors: Bolster Diogo , Paster Amir , Benson David A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe purely Lagrangian algorithm for chemical reactions introduced by Benson and Meerschaert (2008) suffers from a low‐concentration resolution problem. We alleviate the problem by redefining the probabilistic collision/reaction (birth/death) stochastic process as a mass‐reduction operation. Theoretically, this corresponds to replacing an on/off particle with a large number of “subparticles” and tracking the number fraction. The new particle reaction process maintains the original particle numbers but adjusts each particle's mass upon reaction. Several simulations show the veracity as well as the gains in low‐concentration resolution offered by the algorithm. We also compare the results to those obtained by a traditional finite difference model with suitably defined initial condition, demonstrating that the Lagrangian models match these.
The role of biophysical cohesion on subaqueous bed form size
Authors: Parsons Daniel R. , Schindler Robert J. , Hope Julie A. , Malarkey Jonathan , Baas Jaco H. , Peakall Jeffrey , Manning Andrew J. , Ye Leiping , Simmons Steve , Paterson David M. , Aspden Rebecca J. , Bass Sarah J. , Davies Alan G. , Lichtman Ian D. , Thorne Peter D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBiologically active, fine‐grained sediment forms abundant sedimentary deposits on Earth's surface, and mixed mud‐sand dominates many coasts, deltas, and estuaries. Our predictions of sediment transport and bed roughness in these environments presently rely on empirically based bed form predictors that are based exclusively on biologically inactive cohesionless silt, sand, and gravel. This approach underpins many paleoenvironmental reconstructions of sedimentary successions, which rely on analysis of cross‐stratification and bounding surfaces produced by migrating bed forms. Here we present controlled laboratory experiments that identify and quantify the influence of physical and biological cohesion on equilibrium bed form morphology. The results show the profound influence of biological cohesion on bed form size and identify how cohesive bonding mechanisms in different sediment mixtures govern the relationships. The findings highlight that existing bed form predictors require reformulation for combined biophysical cohesive effects in order to improve morphodynamic model predictions and to enhance the interpretations of these environments in the geological record.
Is Tibiofemoral or Patellofemoral Alignment or Trochlear Morphology Associated With Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review
Authors: Macri Erin M. , Stefanik Joshua J. , Khan Karim K. , Crossley Kay M. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review to evaluate the associations of knee alignment or trochlear morphology (measured on imaging) with presence, severity, onset, and/or progression of patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA).MethodsWe prospectively registered our protocol with PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) and followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines to report this review. We searched 10 electronic databases, screened citing articles, and reviewed reference lists. We extracted data and evaluated methodologic quality. Due to study design heterogeneity, we used a best‐evidence synthesis to summarize the evidence.ResultsWe included 16 publications (2,892 participants, 66% women) after removing 4 papers that did not meet our threshold for methodologic quality. There were 11 cross‐sectional and 5 longitudinal papers. The target population was knee OA in 11 studies, PFOA in 2 studies, and other knee conditions in 3 studies. Alignment or morphology was measured using radiographs in 8 studies, magnetic resonance imaging in 7 studies, and computed tomography in 2 papers. Limitations include substantial heterogeneity in samples and methods, short followup times in longitudinal studies, and a small number of studies that specifically recruited participants with PFOA.ConclusionThere is strong evidence that PFOA is associated with both trochlear morphology and frontal plane knee alignment, while evidence is limited but consistent in the sagittal and axial planes. These findings suggest that alignment should be evaluated clinically in individuals with PFOA. Clinical interventions targeting knee alignment warrant further investigation.