bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitosis and mitochondrial priming for apoptosis
Authors: Pedley Robert , Gilmore Andrew P. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Cell division is a period of danger for cells, as inaccurate segregation of chromosomes can lead to loss of cell viability or aneuploidy. In order to protect against these dangers, cells ultimately initiate mitochondrial apoptosis if they are unable to correctly exit mitosis. A number of important chemotherapeutics exploit this response to delayed mitotic exit, but despite this, the molecular mechanism of the apoptotic timer in mitosis has proved elusive. Some recent studies have now shed light on this, showing how passage through the cell cycle fine-tunes a cell’s apoptotic sensitivity such that it can respond appropriately when errors arise.
Fire Department Turnout Times: A Contextual Analysis
Authors: Reglen Dennis , Scheller Daniel S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Fire departments nationwide seek to decrease their turnout times to emergencies. Turnout time is the time from which a dispatcher alerts a fire unit of an emergency to when the unit leaves the fire station. As such, it is an integral component of emergency response time. The National Fire Protection Association has set a 60 second standard for effective turnout. We examine how station design of dormitory location and the time of day of the emergency affect turnout times. Previous research indicates that the location of a station’s dormitory is major component of turnout time. Moving beyond descriptive statistics, we present a causal model and interactive hypothesis. Contrary to previous research, we hypothesize that the effect of station design is conditional upon the time of emergency – that above-the-garage dormitories have longer turnout times during the graveyard shift. We find that station design, per se, does not affect turnout time. We find that the effect of station design on turnout time is conditional upon the time of day of the emergency. Above-the-garage dormitories experience 10.7% longer turnout times, but during the graveyard shift. Across all station designs, the graveyard shift increases turnout times between 50.8% and 58.9%.
Population as a Proxy for Infrastructure in the Determination of Event Response and Recovery Resource Allocations
Authors: Stamber Kevin L. , Unis Carl J. , Shirah Donald N. , Gibson Jessica A. , Fogleman William E. , Kaplan Paul 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Research into modeling of the quantification and prioritization of resources used in the recovery of lifeline critical infrastructure following disruptive incidents, such as hurricanes and earthquakes, has shown several factors to be important. Among these are population density and infrastructure density, event effects on infrastructure, and existence of an emergency response plan. The social sciences literature has a long history of correlating the population density and infrastructure density at a national scale, at a country-to-country level, mainly focused on transportation networks. This effort examines whether these correlations can be repeated at smaller geographic scales, for a variety of infrastructure types, so as to be able to use population data as a proxy for infrastructure data where infrastructure data is either incomplete or insufficiently granular. Using the best data available, this effort shows that strong correlations between infrastructure density for multiple types of infrastructure (e.g. miles of roads, hospital beds, miles of electric power transmission lines, and number of petroleum terminals) and population density do exist at known geographic boundaries (e.g. counties, service area boundaries) with exceptions that are explainable within the social sciences literature. The correlations identified provide a useful basis for ongoing research into the larger resource utilization problem.
Performance Analysis of DWDM System for Different Modulation Schemes Using Variations in Channel Spacing
Authors: Sharma Divya , Prajapati Y. K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper reflects the analytical study of dense wavelength division multiplexed optical network with different number of channels at various channel spacing in order to achieve higher data rates by means of few advanced modulation schemes. Bit error rate and quality factor are being analyzed with the variation in number of channels, channel spacing and transmission length of fiber. Advanced modulation schemes being compared here are carrier suppressed return to zero (CSRZ), duobinary return to zero (DRZ), modified duobinary return to zero (MDRZ), 33 % differential phase shift keying (33 % DPSK), 66 % DPSK and differential quaternary phase shift keying (DQPSK). It is keenly observed that CSRZ scheme with 100 GHz channel spacing serves best performance in terms of max. Q factor, min. BER and maximum transmission coverage upto 4,000 km for 16 and 32 channels DWDM system since CSRZ is high tolerant to nonlinear effects. On the other hand, MDRZ scheme with 75 GHz channel spacing exhibits transmission coverage upto 4,000 km and 4,500 km for 16 and 32 channels respectively, but with degraded signal due to effect of inter symbol interference (ISI).
The Impact of the Initial Condition on Covariate Augmented Unit Root Tests
Authors: Aristidou Chrystalleni , Harvey David I. , Leybourne Stephen J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We examine the behaviour of OLS-demeaned/detrended and GLS-demeaned/detrended unit root tests that employ stationary covariates, as proposed by Hansen (1995, “Rethinking the Univariate Approach to Unit Root Testing.” Econometric Theory 11:1148–71) and Elliott and Jansson (2003, “Testing for Unit Roots with Stationary Covariates.” Journal of Econometrics 115:75–89), respectively, in situations where the magnitude of the initial condition of the time series under consideration may be non-negligible. We show that the asymptotic power of such tests is very sensitive to the initial condition; OLS- and GLS-based tests achieve relatively high power for large and small magnitudes of the initial condition, respectively. Combining information from both types of test via a simple union of rejections strategy is shown to effectively capture the higher power available across all initial condition magnitudes.
Biogeography and conservation of non-volant mammals from the Urucum Mountains: a Chiquitano dry forest ecoregion in western Brazil
Authors: Hannibal Wellington , Godoi Mauricio Neves , Tomas Walfrido Moraes , Porfirio Grasiela , Ferreira Vanda Lúcia , Cáceres Nilton 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The distributional data of mammalian fauna are important to reach a comprehensive overview of biogeographic patterns and to highlight regional conservation status, especially in a poorly known region such as the Chiquitano dry forest in western Brazil. Our aims were to survey the mammal species occurring in the Urucum Mountains, located in the southeast end of the Chiquitano forest, compare its species composition to areas elsewhere in different ecoregions, and discuss their conservation statuses. Small mammals were sampled using pitfall and live traps, and medium and large mammals were sampled by direct observation, indirect evidence (e.g. faeces and tracks), and camera traps. Patterns of species composition were compared to other surrounding areas of different ecoregions in South America using multivariate analyses. The results indicated that both faunas have similar biogeographical influences. The Urucum Mountains have an influence on the faunas from the Cerrado, Chaco and Pantanal ecoregions, and only secondarily from forested ecoregions (e.g. Amazon forest). The Urucum harbours a rich non-volant mammalian fauna with species that are widely and restrictedly distributed. The conservation of Urucum Mountains is important because these mountains harbour threatened plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate (mammals) species, which could be suffering due to the mining activity carried out in the region. We stress that the Chiquitano dry forest is unique to western Brazil, situated in a complex biogeographical region, and harbouring a rich and diversified mammal fauna.
The crystal structure of 1,2-bis(2-pyrazinecarboxamido)-benzene, C16H12N6O2
Authors: Habarurema Gratien , Gerber Thomas I. A. , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
C16H12N6O2, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 11.2912(9) Å, b = 9.4979(6) Å, c = 14.5778(10) Å, β = 109.955(3)°, V = 1469.50(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0421, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1049, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-(butane-1,4-diyl)bis(5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde), C14H18N4O2
Authors: Radi Smaail , El-Massaoudi Mohamed , Mabkhot Yahia N. , Barakat Assem , Ghabbour Hazem A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
C14H18N4O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 4.4260(9) Å, b = 14.502(4) Å, c = 11.455(3) Å, β = 96.319(5)°, V = 730.8(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0712, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1946, T = 296(2) K.
Other-initiated Repair in Argentine Sign Language
Authors: Manrique Elizabeth 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Other-initiated repair is an essential interactional practice to secure mutual understanding in everyday
interaction. This article presents evidence from a large conversational corpus of a sign language, showing that
signers of Argentine Sign Language (Lengua de Señas Argentina or ‘LSA’), like users of spoken languages, use a
systematic set of linguistic formats and practices to indicate troubles of signing, seeing and understanding. The
general aim of this article is to provide a general overview of the different visual-gestural linguistic patterns of
other-initiated repair sequences in LSA. It also describes the quantitative distribution of other-initiated repair
formats based on a collection of 213 cases. It describes the multimodal components of open and restricted types
of repair initiators, and reports a previously undescribed implicit practice to initiate repair in LSA in comparison
to explicitly produced formats. Part of a special issue presenting repair systems across a range of languages, this
article contributes to a better understanding of the phenomenon of other-initiated repair in terms of visual and
gestural practices in human interaction in both signed and spoken languages.
A Coding Scheme for Other-initiated Repair
Across Languages
Authors: Dingemanse Mark , Kendrick Kobin H. , Enfield N. J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We provide an annotated coding scheme for other-initiated repair, along with guidelines for
building collections and aggregating cases based on interactionally relevant similarities and differences.
The questions and categories of the scheme are grounded in inductive observations of conversational data
and connected to a rich body of work on other-initiated repair in conversation analysis. The scheme is
developed and tested in a 12-language comparative project and can serve as a stepping stone for future work
on other-initiated repair and the systematic comparative study of conversational structures.
Pointing and Self-reference in French and
French Sign Language
Authors: Morgenstern Aliyah , Caët Stéphanie , Limousin Fanny 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to conduct an exploratory study and compare the development of pointing
and its specific use as self-reference in French sign language (LSF) with the development of pointing and self
reference in French. Personal reference is expressed through nominal expressions and pronouns in French.
In LSF, the signs used for personal reference have the same form as pointing gestures, which are present
in children’s communication system from the age of 10-11 months (Bates et. al 1977, Clark 1978). Continuity
between pointing gestures and signs is questioned by Bellugi & Klima (1981) and Petitto (1986), who
indicate that signing children’s pre-linguistic pointing gestures are different from signs and correspond to
two distinct categories: indexical and symbolic. We present arguments for a continuity hypothesis between
pointing gestures and signs. We coded two longitudinal datasets of a French-speaking child and a French
Sign Language signing child aged seven months to three years, filmed at home with their mothers once a
month. Our analyses enabled us to underline the continuity between the deaf child’s pointing gestures and
their incorporation as markers of personal reference into the child’s sign language system.
Compare Within and Between Groups: The Interpretation of Weak Generic Sentences
Authors: Xie Zhiguo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper explicates the precise meaning of weak generic sentences of the form Ks are P, best
represented by the Port Royal Puzzle sentence Dutchmen are good sailors. The sentence is true even though
the majority of Dutchmen do not know how to sail at all and a fortiori do not sail well. Two observations
motivate my analysis. One is that weak generic sentences express a property that “distinguishes the subject
referent from other entities that might belong to the same category” (Krifka et al. 1995). This leads to the use
of alternative set in my analysis. The other observation is that the scale structure of the predicate P affects
the availability of weak generic reading for sentences of the form Ks are P. I argue that the interpretation of
weak generic sentences involves: (i) partitioning the set of entities denoted by the bare plural subject based
on the property denoted by the predicate P; (ii) partitioning the set of entities alternative to the denotation
of the subject in a similar fashion; and (iii) comparing an appropriate partition in (i) to its counterpart in
(ii) with respect to the predicate P. The Port Royal Puzzle sentence is true if and only if: those Dutchmen
who can sail and who are good at sailing in comparison with the Dutch-internal standard of being good
at sailing and those international citizens who can sail and who are good at sailing in comparison to the
international standard of being good at sailing are such that the former population generally have better
sailing skills than the latter population.
Stress – an underestimated hazard in water sports
Authors: Remlein Małgorzata , Olszański Romuald , Siermontowski Piotr , Kobos Zdzisław , Buczyński Jacek , Buczyński Andrzej 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Strong wind, low temperature, intense current and poor visibility under water are the most common stress inducing factors in individuals practising water sports. Stress is a state of agitation, which can be caused both by external and internal factors. Its objective is to mobilise one’s physical and psychological capabilities, thus it is a favourable reaction especially in crisis situations when such full mobilisation enables one to cope. Psychological stress is usually evoked by the occurrence of an atypical situation, exceeding one’s handling capacity. It can be induced by seeing real or imagined danger in the surroundings, as well as by external pressure related to a task interpreted as too difficult or exceeding one’s capabilities. Internal pressure appears when a person feels insecure in a given situation, when they cannot solve a problem or they feel discomfort due to their inability to meet the expectations of others, for instance, to perform a particular dive, or because of the money spent on this purpose or the invested time. Physical stress is usually an organism’s response to the environmental impacts. This article presents and discusses factors which have an effect on stress intensification, as well as providing a characterisation of selected psychological and medical theories of stress.
The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the nervous system. Systematic review
Authors: Kujawski Sławomir , Kujawska Agnieszka , Kozakiewicz Mariusz , Olszański Romuald , Siermontowski Piotr , Zalewski Paweł 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is found among the interests of researchers who seek new methods of treatment of diseases of the nervous system. An increase of the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood within the appropriate range leads to numerous changes in the cells of the brain tissue. In this paper we analyse the results of selected articles describing HBOT used on pathologies of the nervous system such as stroke, autism, multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy as well as in the course of research on animal models. The results are promising, although some studies struggled with numerous methodological problems and differences in the applied protocols, which resulted in conflicting results in individual interventions. In consequence, the need for further studies in randomised control trials and determination of the protocol by an international group of researchers dedicated to the use of HBOT was emphasised.
Analysis of the risk of diving accidents in military and recreational diving
Authors: Jóźwiak Dariusz , Siermontowski Piotr , DąbrowieckiI Zbigniew , Olszański Romuald 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The most common question that arose in the course of the analysis of the data concerned with the number of diving accidents in recreational diving as compared with the authors’ own experiences working with military divers was why the number of accidents in recreational diving is substantially higher than that obtained in military diving. The comparison of factors having a direct effect on diving safety, the scope of depths reached, the manner of conducting decompression and divers’ problems reported after diving completion allow to explain the reasons behind the common incidents occurring among recreational divers. The factors which had a very significant impact on safety level included diving frequency, adaptation to higher pressure conditions and overestimation of one’s skills in undertaking challenges.
Effectiveness evaluation of sources of supply and systems filter in production process of breathing air
Authors: Woźniak Arkadiusz 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The determination of how efficiently filtration systems used for the production of breathing air used in hyperbaric environments are operating is significant both from theoretical and practical points of view. The quality of breathing air and the breathing mixes based on air is crucial with regard to divers' safety. Paradoxically, a change in regulations regarding quality requirements for breathing mixes has imposed the necessity to verify both the technical equipment and laboratory procedures used in their production and verification. The following material, which is a continuation of previous publications, presents results of the conducted research along with the evaluation of effectiveness of the filtration systems used by the Polish Navy.
The effect of high pressures on the radiological image of the maxillary sinuses in divers
Authors: Klajman Stanisław , Dęga Kazimierz , Torbus Janusz , Wlazłowski Zbigniew 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The study was performed on 38 divers of the navy. The research consisted in an analysis of RTG images of paranasal sinuses performed during control examinations. The authors compared sinus aeration in particular tests and calculated planimetric indices. It was concluded that an exposure to pressure fluctuations caused changes in the image and aeration of maxillary sinuses, which however did not have an effect on the diving capabilities of the tested group. Moreover, it was revealed that in a certain group of the subjects an exposure to hyperbaric conditions did not manifest any detectable lesions in maxillary sinuses.
Reworkable layered silicate-epoxy nanocomposites: synthesis, thermomechanical properties and combustion behaviour
Authors: Berta Marco , Maria Sébastien , Phan Trang N.T. , Gigmes Didier , Fina Alberto , Camino Giovanni 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Epoxy resin/montmorillonite nanocomposites were obtained via in situ intercalative polymerisation. The polymer matrix consists of anhydride-cured epoxy, and the choice of catalyst allows exchange reactions without depolymerisation. This makes the resin insoluble and reprocessable at the same time and potentially recyclable. In this study, reprocessing of the nanocomposites was done by mechanical grinding and re-welding by compression moulding at high temperature, similarly to thermoplastics. The effect of this process on the level of clay dispersion is discussed. Nanocomposite superstructures were imaged by means of transmission electron microscopy, and montmorillonite interlayer spacings were estimated by small angle X-ray scattering. The thermomechanical and combustion properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by means of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry. The material tensile complex modulus E* was improved by nanocomposite formation, also after the glass transition occurred. Flammability of the material was moderately affected by the dispersed clay.
Silver impregnated nanoparticles of titanium dioxide as carriers for 211At
Authors: Cedrowska Edyta , Łyczko Monika , Piotrowska Agata , Bilewicz Aleksander , Stolarz Anna , Trzcińska Agnieszka , Szkliniarz Katarzyna , Wąs Bogdan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The 211At radioisotope exhibits very attractive nuclear properties for application in radionuclide therapy. Unfortunately
use of 211At is limited, because astatine as the heaviest halogen forms weak bond with carbon atoms in the biomolecules
which makes 211At bioconjugates unstable in physiological conditions. In our work we propose a new solution for binding of
211At which consists of using nanoparticles of titanium dioxide modified with silver atoms as carriers for
211At. Ag+ cations have been absorbed on the nanometer-sized TiO2 particles (15 and 32 nm)
through ion exchange process and were reduced in Tollens' reaction. The obtained TiO2-Ag nanoparticles were labeled with
211At. It was found that labeling yields were almost quantitative under reducing conditions, while under oxidizing
conditions they dropped to about 80%. The labeled nanoparticles exhibited very high stability in physiological salt, PBS
buffer, solutions of peptides (0.001 M cysteine, 0.001 M glutathione) and in human blood serum. To make
TiO2/Ag nanoparticles well dispersed in water and biocompatible their surface was modified with a silane coupling
agent containing poly(ethyleneglycol) molecules. The developed functionalization approach will allow us to attach biomolecules to the
TiO2/Ag surface.
Co-extraction and co-stripping of U(VI) and Pu(IV) using tri-iso-amyl phosphate and tri-n-butyl phosphate in n-dodecane from
nitric acid media under high loading conditions
Authors: Sreenivasulu Balija , Suresh Ammath , Sivaraman Nagarajan , Vasudeva Rao P.R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The extraction of Pu(IV) using 1.1 M solution of tri-iso-amyl phosphate (TiAP)/n-dodecane (DD) from plutonium
nitrate solutions in nitric acid media was examined as a function of equilibrium aqueous phase metal ion concentration and equilibrium
aqueous phase acidity at 303 K. The nitric acid concentration in the organic phase was measured as a function of equilibrium
organic phase plutonium concentration. The co-extraction of U(VI) and Pu(IV) was studied using 1.1 M TiAP/DD
system as a function of their equilibrium aqueous phase metal ion concentration and compared with 1.1 M tri-n-butyl
phosphate (TBP)/n-DD system under identical conditions. Co-extraction and co-stripping of U(VI) and Pu(IV) were studied
using 1.1 M TiAP/DD and 1.1 M TBP/DD systems in cross current mode to evaluate the number of stages required for
the extraction and stripping of heavy metal ions (uranium and plutonium). The extraction and stripping efficiencies were calculated for
both the systems. The saturation limit of the organic phase was also established in these studies.