bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PANCR, the
PITX2
Adjacent Noncoding RNA, Is Expressed in Human Left Atria and Regulates PITX2c Expression
Authors: Gore-Panter Shamone R. , Hsu Jeffrey , Barnard John , Moravec Christine S. , Van Wagoner David R. , Chung Mina K. , Smith Jonathan D. 
Published: January 2016

Background—
Genome-wide studies reveal that genetic variants at chromosome 4q25 constitute the strongest locus associated with atrial fibrillation, the most frequent arrhythmia. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unknown. Our goal is to find and characterize left atrial–expressed transcripts in the chromosome 4q25 atrial fibrillation risk locus that may play a role in atrial fibrillation pathogenesis.

Methods and Results—

RNA sequencing performed on human left/right pairs identified an intergenic long noncoding RNA adjacent to the
PITX2
gene, which we have named PANCR (
PITX2
adjacent noncoding RNA). In a human tissue screen, PANCR was expressed specifically in the left atria and eye and in no other chambers of the heart. The levels of PANCR and PITX2c RNAs were highly correlated in 233 human left atrial appendage samples. PANCR levels were not associated with either atrial rhythm status or the genotypes of the chromosome 4q25 atrial fibrillation risk variants. Both PANCR and PITX2c RNAs were induced early during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes. Because long noncoding RNAs often control gene expression, we performed siRNA-mediated knockdown of PANCR, and this treatment repressed PITX2c expression and mimicked the effects of PITX2c knockdown on global mRNA and miRNA expression. Cell fractionation studies demonstrate that PANCR is primarily localized in the cytoplasm.

Conclusions—
PANCR and PITX2c are coordinately expressed early during cardiomyocyte differentiation from stem cells. PANCR knockdown decreased PITX2c expression in differentiated cardiomyocytes, altering the transcriptome in a manner similar to PITX2c knockdown.
Geriatric Conditions in Patients Undergoing Defibrillator Implantation for Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Green Ariel R. , Leff Bruce , Wang Yongfei , Spatz Erica S. , Masoudi Frederick A. , Peterson Pamela N. , Daugherty Stacie L. , Matlock Daniel D. 
Published: January 2016

Background—
Geriatric conditions may influence outcomes among patients receiving implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). We sought to determine the prevalence of frailty and dementia among older adults receiving primary prevention ICDs and to determine the impact of multimorbidity on mortality within 1 year of ICD implantation.

Methods and Results—
The cohort included 83 792 Medicare patients from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry ICD Registry who underwent first primary prevention ICD implantation between 2006 and 2009. These data were merged with Medicare analytic files to determine the prevalence of frailty, dementia, and other conditions before ICD implantation, as well as 1-year mortality. A validated claim-based algorithm was used to identify frail patients. Mutually exclusive patterns of chronic conditions were examined. The association of each pattern with 1-year mortality was assessed using logistic regression models adjusted for selected patient characteristics. Approximately 1 in 10 Medicare patients with heart failure receiving a primary prevention ICD had frailty (10%) or dementia (1%). One-year mortality was 22% for patients with frailty, 27% for patients with dementia, and 12% in the overall cohort. Several multimorbidity patterns were associated with high 1-year mortality rates: dementia with frailty (29%), frailty with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (25%), and frailty with diabetes mellitus (23%). These patterns were present in 8% of the cohort.

Conclusions—
More than 10% of Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure receiving primary prevention ICDs have frailty or dementia. These patients had significantly higher 1-year mortality than those with other common chronic conditions. Frailty and dementia should be considered in clinical decision-making and guideline development.
Bacterial Survival on Respirator Filters and Surgical Masks
Authors: Brosseau Lisa M. , McCullough Nicole Vars , Vesley Donald 
Published: January 2016

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently developed recommendations for respirators worn to minimize exposures to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These recommendations include criteria for filters and facial fit, but do not address how respirators are worn or disposed of. Handling may increase the risk of infection if loaded organisms remain viable. Respirator filters were challenged with aerosols containing three bacteria: Mycobacterium abscessus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Bacillus subtilis subsp. niger. Elution and surface contact sampling were used to recover organisms from filters after loading and following 5 days storage at 85% RH. Almost all filters showed culturable organisms immediately after loading. After storage, filters showed the least culturability for M. abscessus (20% of all filters) followed by S. epidermidis (61%), while B. subtilis remained highly culturable (98%). A slimilar trend was seen for the number of organisms recovered before and after storage (M abscessus demonstrated the least survival and B. subtilis the most).
A guideline-based program may improve the outcome of stroke among illiterate patients
Authors: Ni Jun , Yao Ming , Zhou Lixin , Zhu Yicheng , Peng Bin , Cui Liying 
Published: January 2016

Background Education level is considered as an important factor for post-stroke functional outcome. Our previous study confirms the feasibility of SMART program to improve adherence of secondary stroke prevention in China. Aims We aim to investigate whether this program can influence the impact of educational level on post-stroke functional outcome in this sub-group analysis of SMART study. Methods We enrolled 3722 patients with acute ischemic stroke from multicenter ( n = 47) SMART cohort. Patient’s educational level was categorized as three: illiterate, 6th grade or lower, and 7th grade or higher. Functional outcome at six-month post-stroke was assessed by Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and categorized as favorable (mRS: 0–2) or poor (mRS: 3–5). Binary logistic model, adjusting for age, gender, stroke history, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, educational level, and NIHSS was performed, respectively, in SMART group and usual care group to evaluate the effect of the SMART program on stroke functional outcome among different educated patients. Results In both groups, logistic regression analysis showed that poor functional outcome was independently associated with older age [OR(95% CI):1.81(1.41–2.33), p < 0.001(SMART); OR (95% CI):1.38 (1.09–1.73), p = 0.007(usual care)], higher baseline NIHSS [OR (95% CI): 2.90 (2.38–3.53), p < 0.001(SMART); OR (95% CI): 2.82 (2.32–3.44), p < 0.001(usual care)], and diabetes [OR(95% CI):1.88 (1.18–3.00), p = 0.008(SMART); OR (95%CI):1.68 (1.03–2.73), p = 0.037(usual care)]. Compared to illiterate, higher educational levels were independently associated with favorable outcome in usual care group [OR (95% CI): 0.43 (0.20–0.93), p = 0.032 (6th grade or lower) and OR (95% CI): 0.40 (0.19–0.84), p = 0.016 (7th Grade or higher)], but not in SMART group ( p = 0.806 and p = 0.889, respectively). Conclusions This study demonstrates that implementation of SMART program may improve post-stroke functional outcome among illiterate. This suggests special attention should be paid to illiterate patients with intensive education in order to improve post-stroke disability.
Beware the stone in the duplex: Use of CT intravenous pyelogram (CT IVP) in detecting calculi in duplex ureteric systems
Authors: Gunawardena Shamen , Ranasinghe Weranja KB , McCahy Philip 
Published: January 2016

The current practice guidelines determine that non-contrast computed tomography kidney, ureter and bladder (CT KUB) is the gold standard for detecting urolithiasis in the setting of renal colic. However, there are a number of drawbacks of CT KUB. We present two recent cases of missed stones in complete duplex ureteric systems with inadequate preoperative imaging. Although ureteric calculi were initially confirmed on CT KUB in both patients, the presence of duplex systems was missed resulting in unremarkable ureteroscopy. Unchanged calculi were detected on follow-up imaging requiring later intraoperative diagnoses of duplex systems and successful removal of the stones. Stones seen on CT KUB with no stone on ureteroscopy should raise clinical suspicion for duplex ureteric systems. Contrast imaging can be useful in endoscopic treatment of ureteral, and renal, calculi, which could save time and prevent incorrect conclusions.
CD8+ T cells mediate antibody-independent platelet clearance in mice
Authors: Arthur Connie M. , Patel Seema R. , Sullivan H. Cliff , Winkler Annie M. , Tormey Chris A. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Stowell Sean R. 
Published: January 2016

Key Points
Previous studies suggest that immune-mediated platelet clearance following transfusion represents an antibody-mediated process. The results of this study demonstrate that CD8+ T cells can mediate platelet clearance independent of anti-platelet alloantibodies.
4Pipe4 – A 454 data analysis pipeline for SNP detection in datasets with no reference sequence or strain information
Authors: Pina-Martins Francisco , Vieira Bruno M. , Seabra Sofia G. , Batista Dora , Paulo Octávio S. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background
Next-generation sequencing datasets are becoming more frequent, and their use in population studies is becoming widespread. For non-model species, without a reference genome, it is possible from a panel of individuals to identify a set of SNPs that can be used for further population genotyping. However the lack of a reference genome to which the sequenced data could be compared makes the finding of SNPs more troublesome. Additionally when the data sources (strains) are not identified (e.g. in datasets of pooled individuals), the problem of finding reliable variation in these datasets can become much more difficult due to the lack of specialized software for this specific task.

Results
Here we describe 4Pipe4, a 454 data analysis pipeline particularly focused on SNP detection when no reference or strain information is available. It uses a command line interface to automatically call other programs, parse their outputs and summarize the results. The variation detection routine is built-in in the program itself. Despite being optimized for SNP mining in 454 EST data, it is flexible enough to automate the analysis of genomic data or even data from other NGS technologies. 4Pipe4 will output several HTML formatted reports with metrics on many of the most common assembly values, as well as on all the variation found. There is also a module available for finding putative SSRs in the analysed datasets.

Conclusions
This program can be especially useful for researchers that have 454 datasets of a panel of pooled individuals and want to discover and characterize SNPs for subsequent individual genotyping with customized genotyping arrays. In comparison with other SNP detection approaches, 4Pipe4 showed the best validation ratio, retrieving a smaller number of SNPs but with a considerably lower false positive rate than other methods.
4Pipe4’s source code is available at https://github.com/StuntsPT/4Pipe4.
Consecutive First-Morning Urine Samples to Measure Change in the Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio: A Pilot Study of a Home Urine Collection Protocol
Authors: Sontrop Jessica M. , Garg Amit X. , Li Lihua , Gallo Kerri , Schumann Virginia , Winick-Ng Jennifer , Clark William F. , Weir Matthew A. 
Published: January 2016

Background: Multiple first-morning urine samples are recommended for measuring the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR); however, this can be challenging in community-based research. Methods: The objectives of the study are to pilot-test a home urine collection protocol and examine how the average and variance of ACR varied with the number of urine collections and time to laboratory analysis. This is a prospective observational pilot study. This study was conducted in London, Ontario, Canada at the London Health Sciences Centre (2012–2013). The patients were adults with chronic kidney disease (mean estimated glomerular filtration rate, 36 mL/min/1.73 m2). Participants collected a first-morning 20-mL urine sample on three consecutive days. This process was repeated after 3 months. Samples were picked up by hospital courier and analyzed for ACR on the same day; additional aliquots were analyzed after a delay of 24–48 h (stored at 4 °C) and 3–9 months (stored at −80 °C). The geometric mean of the percentage change in ACR between baseline and 3 months was calculated and compared between single samples and the average of two vs. three consecutive samples. Results: Of 31 patients enrolled, 26 (83.9 %) submitted all six urine samples. The geometric mean of ACR for three consecutive samples at baseline was 87, 83, and 80 mg/mmol, and the corresponding percentage increase from baseline to 3 months was 15 % (95 % confidence interval (CI), −9 to 46 %), 33 % (95 % CI, 10 to 59 %), and 22 % (95 % CI, −6 to 57 %). Compared with single urine collections at baseline and follow-up, averaging ACR values from two consecutive first-morning urine samples improved the sample variance and reduced the required sample size to detect a given treatment effect by approximately 30 %. No further gain in statistical efficiency was achieved with three urine samples. Results were similar when the laboratory analysis was delayed by 24–48 h, but a delay of 3–9 months resulted in systematic overestimation of the ACR. Our study's generalizability is limited by its small sample size and reliance on a clinic-based population from a single urban center. Conclusions: We successfully used a home urine collection protocol to obtain multiple first-morning urine samples in patients with chronic kidney disease. Statistical efficiency was improved by averaging ACR values from two consecutive first-morning urine samples at baseline and follow-up.
Turn “Off–On” Fluorescent Recognition of Cu2+ and Cys in Aqueous Medium: Implementation of Molecular Logic Gate and Cell Imaging Studies
Authors: Kumar Virendra , Kumar Ajit , Diwan Uzra , Singh Manish Kumar , Upadhyay K K 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The present communication incorporates utilization of a simple Schiff base (RO) fruitfully for the turn “off-on” successive fluorescent recognition of Cu2+ and Cys in aqueous media. The single crystal of RO-Cu2+ ensemble revealed a binding pattern which ultimately leads to quenching of the green fluorescence of RO. Interestingly the quenched fluorescence of the RO-Cu2+ ensemble was revived selectively in the presence of Cys via Cu2+ displacement approach. The selective “off-on” behavior of RO towards Cu2+ and Cys was consequently used as inputs to build up an implication (IMP) logic gate. Moreover, the RO exhibited successful bio-imaging of Cu2+ and Cys also in E. coli cells.
Attracting Attention in a Limited Attention World: Exploring the Causes and Consequences of Extreme Positive Earnings Surprises
Authors: Koester Allison , Lundholm Russell , Soliman Mark 
Published: January 2016

We investigate why extreme positive earnings surprises occur and the consequences of these events. We posit that managers know before analysts when extremely good earnings news is developing, but can have incentives to allow the earnings news to surprise the market at the earnings announcement. In particular, managers can use an extreme positive earnings surprise to attract investor attention when they believe their stock is neglected and future performance is expected to be strong. Analysts, who must allocate scarce resources across many firms, can also be inattentive and miss signals that suggest good performance is going to be announced. Using various proxies for extreme positive earnings surprises, management expectations for future performance and desire for attention, and analyst neglect, we find evidence that an extreme positive earnings surprise is a predictable event. These findings are incremental to controlling for a firm’s information environment, earnings volatility, and operating leverage. Finally, we show that extreme positive earnings surprises are a successful method for attracting attention, with significant increases in the number of institutional owners, the number of analysts, and trading volume during the subsequent three years. This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
Getting to the Top of Mind: How Reminders Increase Saving
Authors: Karlan Dean , McConnell Margaret , Mullainathan Sendhil , Zinman Jonathan 
Published: January 2016

We provide evidence from field experiments with three different banks that reminder messages increase commitment attainment for clients who recently opened commitment savings accounts. Messages that mention both savings goals and financial incentives are particularly effective, whereas other content variations such as gain versus loss framing do not have significantly different effects. Nor do we find evidence that receiving additional late reminders has an additive effect. These empirical results do not map neatly into existing models, so we provide a simple model where limited attention to exceptional expenses can generate undersaving that is in turn mitigated by reminders. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2296 . This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, behavioral economics.
Skin-to-skin contact after elective caesarean section: Investigating the effect on breastfeeding rates
Authors: Gregson Sarah , Meadows Jean , Teakle Paula , Blacker Jonathan 
Published: January 2016

Objective: To determine whether kangaroo care (skin-to-skin contact) between mother and baby in the operating theatre can affect breastfeeding outcomes following an elective caesarean section. Method: A randomised controlled trial recruited 366 women (182 in study group, 187 in control) having an elective caesarean section at term (≥37 completed weeks of pregnancy) who chose to breastfeed their baby at birth. Babies in the study group had immediate skin-to-skin contact in the operating theatre. The control group had standard care (skin-to-skin following the operation). Results: There was a 5% increase in breastfeeding rates at 48 hours (88% vs 83%) and 7% at 6 weeks (53% vs 46%); however, these differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.25 and 0.44). There was a significant correlation between the length of time for which skin-to-skin was performed and continuing to breastfeed at 48 hours (P = 0.04). Conclusion: Skin-to-skin contact in the operating theatre following an elective caesarean section is a simple intervention associated with a trend towards an increase in breastfeeding rates at 48 hours and 6 weeks. There is a correlation between length of time for which skin-to-skin is performed during the first 24 hours and the continuation of breastfeeding at 48 hours (P = 0.04).
Mass Spectrometry–Based Adrenal and Peripheral Venous Steroid Profiling for Subtyping Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Eisenhofer Graeme , Dekkers Tanja , Peitzsch Mirko , Dietz Anna S , Bidlingmaier Martin , Treitl Marcus , Williams Tracy A , Bornstein Stefan R , Haase Matthias , Rump L C , Willenberg Holger S , Beuschlein Felix , Deinum Jaap , Lenders Jacques W M , Reincke Martin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Differentiating patients with primary aldosteronism caused by aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) from those with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH), which is essential for choice of therapeutic intervention, relies on adrenal venous sampling (AVS)-based measurements of aldosterone and cortisol. We assessed the utility of LC-MS/MS–based steroid profiling to stratify patients with primary aldosteronism.

METHODS
Fifteen adrenal steroids were measured by LC-MS/MS in peripheral and adrenal venous plasma from AVS studies for 216 patients with primary aldosteronism at 3 tertiary referral centers. Ninety patients were diagnosed with BAH and 126 with APAs on the basis of immunoassay-derived adrenal venous aldosterone lateralization ratios.

RESULTS
Among 119 patients confirmed to have APAs at follow-up, LC-MS/MS–derived lateralization ratios of aldosterone normalized to cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and androstenedione were all higher (P &lt; 0.0001) than immunoassay-derived ratios. The hybrid steroids, 18-oxocortisol and 18-hydroxycortisol, also showed lateralized secretion in 76% and 35% of patients with APAs. Adrenal venous concentrations of glucocorticoids and androgens were bilaterally higher in patients with BAH than in those with APAs. Consequently, peripheral plasma concentrations of 18-oxocortisol were 8.5-fold higher, whereas concentrations of cortisol, corticosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone were lower in patients with APAs than in those with BAH. Correct classification of 80% of cases of APAs vs BAH was thereby possible by use of a combination of steroids in peripheral plasma.

CONCLUSIONS
LC-MS/MS–based steroid profiling during AVS achieves higher aldosterone lateralization ratios in patients with APAs than immunoassay. LC-MS/MS also enables multiple measures for discriminating unilateral from bilateral aldosterone excess, with potential use of peripheral plasma for subtype classification.
Predictors of preschoolers' social competence: parental discipline practices<p>Anne baba disiplin yöntemlerinin okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların sosyal yetkinlik düzeyine etkisi
Authors: Kılıç Şükran , Kumandaş Hatice , Çalık Var Esra 
Published: January 2016

<p>The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of parental discipline practices on preschoolers' social competence. This study was carried out on parents of preschoolers aged between 4 and 5 years old and 78 mother and 68 father participated to the study from Ankara city center. Social Competence and Behavior Assessment-30 Scale and Parental Discipline Scale was used as data collection tools. Correlational research design used in this study was performed by stepwise multiple regression analysis. The analysis results indicated that laxness and verbosity parental discipline practices predict social competence significantly. According to the results laxness predicts social competence positively and verbosity predicts social competence negatively<strong>.</strong><strong></strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi dönemde anne-baba disiplin uygulamalarının okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların sosyal yetkinlik düzeyine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmaya Ankara il merkezinden 4-5 yaş arası çocukları olan78 anne ve 68 baba katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak sosyal yetkinlik-davranış değerlendirme ölçeği ve anne-baba disiplin ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Korelasyonel araştırma deseni kullanılan bu araştırmada, anne ve babaların disiplin uygulamalarının umursamama ve etkisiz sözel tepki boyutlarının çocukların sosyal yetkinlik düzeyinin manidar yordayıcıları olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca sosyal yetkinliği umursamama disiplin uygulamasının olumsuz, etkisiz sözel tepki disiplin uygulamasının ise olumlu şekilde etkilediği bulunmuştur.</p>