bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal variation in host–parasitoid interactions: leafcutter ant hosts and their phorid parasitoids
Authors: ELIZALDE LUCIANA , PATROCK RICHARD J. W. , DISNEY R. HENRY L. , FOLGARAIT PATRICIA J. 
Published: October 2017

1. Parasitoid–host interactions are important components of ecological communities. Although parasitoid–host interactions are strongly shaped by evolutionary history, the abundance of both the parasitoid and the host may have a role in determining the nature of the interaction once phylogenetic relationships are considered.2. Leafcutter ants are hosts of phorid parasitoids and represent a well‐defined and specialised module within a larger network of ant–symbiont interactions. A low specificity host taxa and a positive association between host abundance and parasitoid interaction frequency were expected due to the close phylogenetic relatedness of the hosts.3. The interactions among all species of leafcutter ants and their parasitoids were quantified in two localities with different species richness. This study also characterised the spatial‐temporal variability of these interactions, determined the patterns of parasitoid specificity and host selection, and tested for an association between host abundance and parasitoid interaction frequency.4. Contrary to expectation, most parasitoid species were highly specialised and interaction frequency for parasitoid species was not related to host abundance. All host ant species were attacked by more than one phorid species. Some phorid species used more than one host species and showed preference for the same species over space and time, suggesting that there are physiological and/or behavioural restrictions on host use.5. These results show that there is a tendency for specialisation even when hosts are highly similar in their ecology. From a biological control perspective, these parasitoids may be effective candidates, due to the high specificity of some species and little host‐use variation through time.
Ecological generalism facilitates the evolution of sociality in snapping shrimps
Authors: Brooks Katherine C. , Maia Rafael , Duffy J. Emmett , Hultgren Kristin M. , Rubenstein Dustin R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEvidence from insects and vertebrates suggests that cooperation may have enabled species to expand their niches, becoming ecological generalists and dominating the ecosystems in which they occur. Consistent with this idea, eusocial species of sponge‐dwelling Synalpheus shrimps from Belize are ecological generalists with a broader host breadth and higher abundance than non‐eusocial species. We evaluate whether sociality promotes ecological generalism (social conquest hypothesis) or whether ecological generalism facilitates the transition to sociality (social transition hypothesis) in 38 Synalpheus shrimp species. We find that sociality evolves primarily from host generalists, and almost exclusively so for transitions to eusociality. Additionally, sponge volume is more important for explaining social transitions towards communal breeding than to eusociality, suggesting that different ecological factors may influence the independent evolutionary origins of sociality in Synalpheus shrimps. Ultimately, our results are consistent with the social transition hypothesis and the idea that ecological generalism facilitates the transition to sociality.
Multicenter clinical assessment of improved wearable multimodal convulsive seizure detectors
Authors: Onorati Francesco , Regalia Giulia , Caborni Chiara , Migliorini Matteo , Bender Daniel , Poh Ming‐Zher , Frazier Cherise , Kovitch Thropp Eliana , Mynatt Elizabeth D. , Bidwell Jonathan , Mai Roberto , LaFrance W. Curt , Blum Andrew S. , Friedman Daniel , Loddenkemper Tobias , Mohammadpour‐Touserkani Fatemeh , Reinsberger Claus , Tognetti Simone , Picard Rosalind W. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryObjectiveNew devices are needed for monitoring seizures, especially those associated with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). They must be unobtrusive and automated, and provide false alarm rates (FARs) bearable in everyday life. This study quantifies the performance of new multimodal wrist‐worn convulsive seizure detectors.MethodsHand‐annotated video‐electroencephalographic seizure events were collected from 69 patients at six clinical sites. Three different wristbands were used to record electrodermal activity (EDA) and accelerometer (ACM) signals, obtaining 5,928 h of data, including 55 convulsive epileptic seizures (six focal tonic–clonic seizures and 49 focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures) from 22 patients. Recordings were analyzed offline to train and test two new machine learning classifiers and a published classifier based on EDA and ACM. Moreover, wristband data were analyzed to estimate seizure‐motion duration and autonomic responses.ResultsThe two novel classifiers consistently outperformed the previous detector. The most efficient (Classifier III) yielded sensitivity of 94.55%, and an FAR of 0.2 events/day. No nocturnal seizures were missed. Most patients had <1 false alarm every 4 days, with an FAR below their seizure frequency. When increasing the sensitivity to 100% (no missed seizures), the FAR is up to 13 times lower than with the previous detector. Furthermore, all detections occurred before the seizure ended, providing reasonable latency (median = 29.3 s, range = 14.8–151 s). Automatically estimated seizure durations were correlated with true durations, enabling reliable annotations. Finally, EDA measurements confirmed the presence of postictal autonomic dysfunction, exhibiting a significant rise in 73% of the convulsive seizures.SignificanceThe proposed multimodal wrist‐worn convulsive seizure detectors provide seizure counts that are more accurate than previous automated detectors and typical patient self‐reports, while maintaining a tolerable FAR for ambulatory monitoring. Furthermore, the multimodal system provides an objective description of motor behavior and autonomic dysfunction, aimed at enriching seizure characterization, with potential utility for SUDEP warning.
Networking our science to characterize the state, vulnerabilities, and management opportunities of soil organic matter
Authors: Harden Jennifer W. , Hugelius Gustaf , Ahlström Anders , Blankinship Joseph C. , Bond‐Lamberty Ben , Lawrence Corey R. , Loisel Julie , Malhotra Avni , Jackson Robert B. , Ogle Stephen , Phillips Claire , Ryals Rebecca , Todd‐Brown Katherine , Vargas Rodrigo , Vergara Sintana E. , Cotrufo M. Francesca , Keiluweit Marco , Heckman Katherine A. , Crow Susan E. , Silver Whendee L. , DeLonge Marcia , Nave Lucas E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSoil organic matter (SOM) supports the Earth's ability to sustain terrestrial ecosystems, provide food and fiber, and retains the largest pool of actively cycling carbon. Over 75% of the soil organic carbon (SOC) in the top meter of soil is directly affected by human land use. Large land areas have lost SOC as a result of land use practices, yet there are compensatory opportunities to enhance productivity and SOC storage in degraded lands through improved management practices. Large areas with and without intentional management are also being subjected to rapid changes in climate, making many SOC stocks vulnerable to losses by decomposition or disturbance. In order to quantify potential SOC losses or sequestration at field, regional, and global scales, measurements for detecting changes in SOC are needed. Such measurements and soil‐management best practices should be based on well established and emerging scientific understanding of processes of C stabilization and destabilization over various timescales, soil types, and spatial scales. As newly engaged members of the International Soil Carbon Network, we have identified gaps in data, modeling, and communication that underscore the need for an open, shared network to frame and guide the study of SOM and SOC and their management for sustained production and climate regulation.
In vitro self‐setting properties, bioactivity, and antibacterial ability of a silicate‐based premixed bone cement
Authors: Xu Chen , Wen Yang , Zhou Yanling , Zhu Yaqin , Dou Yuandong , Huan Zhiguang , Chang Jiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe clinical use of cements in root canal treatment needs the dentist to mix the powders and liquid phase thoroughly. The operation not only increases the surgery time but also compromises the performance of cement in case of inhomogeneous or insufficient mixing. To overcome those drawbacks, a premixed tricalcium silicate cement (C3S) was prepared by mixing tricalcium silicate/calcium chloride (C3S/CaCl2) composites with polyethylene glycol (PEG). It was found that the setting time could be modulated by changing the content of CaCl2 in the solid phase and the liquid to solid ratio (L/P). In addition, the premixed pastes retained the bioactivity of C3S, such as the ability to induce apatite formation in simulated oral fluid and to promote the proliferation and the alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Meanwhile, the injected pastes showed good antibacterial ability against Staphylococcus aureus. It is thus expected that the premixed C3S/CaCl2 pastes hold great promise as a new type of materials for dental application.
Pyroelectric performance of BaTi1‐xSnxO3 ceramics
Authors: Srikanth Keshavmurthy , Patel Satyanarayan , Vaish Rahul 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the present work, the pyroelectric properties of Sn‐doped BaTiO3 (BaTi1‐xSnxO3) were investigated. A significant increase in pyroelectric coefficient was observed for x = 0.05 composition and found to be 10 × 10−4 C/m2 K at 350 K. Further, the pyroelectric figure of merits (FOMs) for current responsivity (Fi), voltage responsivity (Fv), and energy harvesting (Fe and ) were calculated for all investigated samples. A large improvement in FOMs was achieved for x = 0.05 compared with undoped ceramic. BaTi1‐xSnxO3 (x = 0.05) was subjected to further pyroelectric analysis revealing an open‐circuit voltage of 0.6 V when it was exposed to temporal temperature gradient. The voltage and current were also measured across resistances 100 kΩ, 1 MΩ, and 5 MΩ. The results reveal that BaTi0.95Sn0.05O3 will be one of the potential lead‐free pyroelectric materials.
Prenatal Depression and Infant Temperament: The Moderating Role of Placental Gene Expression
Authors: Zhang Wei , Finik Jackie , Dana Kathryn , Glover Vivette , Ham Jacob , Nomura Yoko 
Published: October 2017

Prior research has demonstrated the link between maternal depression during pregnancy (i.e., prenatal depression) and increased neurodevelopmental dysregulation in offspring. However, little is known about the roles of key hypothalamic–pituitary axis regulatory genes in the placenta modulating this association. This study will examine whether placental gene expression levels of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD11B2), glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), and mineralocorticoid receptor (NR3C2) can help elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking prenatal depression to infant temperament, particularly in infants with high negativity and low emotion regulation. Stored placenta tissues (N = 153) were used to quantify messenger ribonucleic acid levels of HSD11B2, NR3C1, and NR3C2. Assessments of prenatal depression and infant temperament at 6 months of age were ascertained via maternal report. Results found that prenatal depression was associated with increased Negative Affectivity (p < .05) after controlling for postnatal depression and psychosocial characteristics. Furthermore, the association between prenatal depression and Negative Affectivity was moderated by gene expression levels of HSD11B2, NR3C1, and NR3C2 such that greater gene expression significantly lessened the association between prenatal depression and Negative Affectivity. Our findings suggest that individual differences in placental gene expression may be used as an early marker of susceptibility or resilience to prenatal adversity.
Between inequality and sectarianism: who destroys generalised trust? The case of Lebanon
Authors: Alijla Abdalhadi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn 2015, a new wave of protests erupted in Lebanon. These protests were the result of a lengthy period of political instability in the country. The informality of the sectarian political system in Lebanon has reached the point where the country has not had a president for more than two years. The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of institutional conditions on the level of generalised trust in a divided society. The paper conducts a statistical analysis of the Arab Barometer Survey data. The paper argues that institutions, as well as perceived living conditions – including inequality, the feeling of safety, and the sense of insecurity – in divided societies, are an important source of social (generalised) trust in the long run. The paper suggests that institutions can also easily destroy generalised trust in such societies if they are designed ineffectively and prove to be unfair and unequal. This paper concludes that equal and fair public institutions are crucial in maintaining a high level of generalised trust.
Predictive model for the composition dependence of glassy dynamics
Authors: Guo Xiaoju , Mauro John C. , Allan Douglas C. , Smedskjaer Morten M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe problem of glass relaxation is traditionally known as one of the most challenging problems in condensed matter physics, with important implications for several high‐tech applications of glass. In this study, we present a predictive model for the temperature, thermal history, and composition dependence of glassy relaxation dynamics. Our model enables, for the first time, the quantitative prediction of relaxation behavior for new glass compositions. Using the commercial Corning EAGLE XG® alkaline earth aluminosilicate glass as a reference, the model gives accurate predictions of the nonequilibrium viscosity for 4 other aluminosilicate glasses, covering both alkali‐free and alkali‐containing compositions, without any free fitting parameters. Using the composition‐dependent nonequilibrium viscosity model, only the measured values of the glass transition temperature and fragility are required to predict the nonequilibrium viscosity as a function of both temperature and thermal history. The range of glass transition temperatures of the 4 verification glasses covers about 200°C, while that of fragility values is about 6. As such, this work gives insights into the structural origin of nonequilibrium viscosity and can enable the future design of glass compositions with tailored relaxation behavior.
Resumption of intercourse, self‐reported decline in sexual intercourse and dyspareunia in women by mode of birth: A prospective follow‐up study
Authors: Triviño‐Juárez José‐Matías , Romero‐Ayuso Dulce , Nieto‐Pereda Beatriz , Forjaz Maria João , Oliver‐Barrecheguren Cristina , Mellizo‐Díaz Sonia , Avilés‐Gámez Beatriz , Arruti‐Sevilla Begoña , Criado‐Álvarez Juan‐José , Soto‐Lucía Consuelo , Plá‐Mestre Rosa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association between mode of birth and the resumption of sexual intercourse, self‐reported decline in sexual intercourse and dyspareunia in women at the 6th week and 6th month postpartum.BackgroundInterest in the relationship between mode of birth and postpartum sexual functioning is increasing. However, previous findings are contradictory.DesignProspective, longitudinal, observational study.MethodThe participants comprised 552 healthy primiparous women aged 18–45 years who gave birth at a hospital between February 2013 ‐ April 2014. Interviews were performed at the hospital and via telephone at the 6th week and 6th month postpartum. We constructed multivariate logistic regression models to examine the relationship between mode of birth and resumption of intercourse, self‐reported decline in sexual intercourse and dyspareunia at the 6th week and 6th month postpartum.ResultsAt the 6th week postpartum, forceps‐assisted birth, combination of episiotomy plus perineal tear and belonging to a higher socio‐economic status were related to a higher risk of non‐resumption of sexual intercourse, while breastfeeding was related to a higher probability of dyspareunia. At the 6th month postpartum, the likelihood of self‐reported decline in sexual intercourse was higher among women who screened positive for postpartum depression and a higher number of breastfeeding women reported a decline in sexual intercourse and dyspareunia. Furthermore, at the 6th month postpartum, women who reported the use of emergency services for a health problem had a higher risk of not having resumed intercourse and of experiencing dyspareunia.
Patient perspectives of maintaining dignity in Indonesian clinical care settings: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Asmaningrum Nurfika , Tsai Yun‐Fang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimTo gain an understanding towards the perspectives of hospitalized inpatients in Indonesia regarding maintaining dignity during clinical care.BackgroundDignity is a basic human right that is crucial for an individual's well‐being. Respect for a person as a valuable human is a concept that is comparable to treating a person with dignity. Maintaining patient's dignity is an ethical goal of nursing care. Nevertheless, the concept is highly dependent on cultural context. This issue has not been well studied in Indonesia.DesignThis study used a qualitative descriptive design.MethodsThirty‐five participants were recruited by purposive sampling from medical to surgical wards of six public hospitals in Eastern Java, Indonesia. Data were collected in 2016 through individual face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews. Inductive content analysis was applied to the data.FindingsFour major categories which described qualities of nursing care essential for maintaining a patient's dignity in clinical care settings were revealed: (1) responsiveness; (2) respectful nurse–patient relationships; (3) caring characteristics and (4) personalized service.ConclusionsOur findings provide a cultural viewpoint of dignity for care recipients in Indonesia. The findings provide empirical support for linking dignified care and person‐centred care principles with regards to cultural sensitivity. Nurses must not only be clinically competent but also culturally competent. The ability to provide culturally competent care is important for nurses as a strategy to maintain patient dignity during hospitalized care.
Frataxin‐deficient neurons and mice models of Friedreich ataxia are improved by TAT‐MTScs‐FXN treatment
Authors: Britti Elena , Delaspre Fabien , Feldman Anat , Osborne Melissa , Greif Hagar , Tamarit Jordi , Ros Joaquim 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFriedreich ataxia (FA) is a rare disease caused by deficiency of frataxin, a mitochondrial protein. As there is no cure available for this disease, many strategies have been developed to reduce the deleterious effects of such deficiency. One of these approaches is based on delivering frataxin to the tissues by coupling the protein to trans‐activator of transcription (TAT) peptides, which enables cell membranes crossing. In this study, we tested the efficiency of TAT‐MTScs‐FXN fusion protein to decrease neurodegeneration markers on frataxin‐depleted neurons obtained from dorsal root ganglia (DRG), one of the most affected tissues. In mice models of the disease, we tested the ability of TAT‐MTScs‐FXN to penetrate the mitochondria and its effect on lifespan. In DRG neurons, treatment with TAT‐MTScs‐FXN increased cell survival, decreased neurite degeneration and reduced apoptotic markers, such as α‐fodrin cleavage and caspase 9 activation. Also, we show that heat‐shock protein 60 (HSP60), a molecular chaperone targeted to mitochondria, suffered an impaired processing in frataxin‐deficient neurons that was relieved by TAT‐MTScs‐FXN addition. In mice models of the disease, administration of TAT‐MTScs‐FXN was able to reach muscle mitochondria, restore the activity of the succinate dehydrogenase and produce a significant lifespan increase. These results support the use of TAT‐MTScs‐FXN as a treatment for Friedreich ataxia.
Determining the amount of overstepping required to nucleate garnet during Barrovian regional metamorphism, Connecticut Valley Synclinorium
Authors: Wolfe Oliver M. , Spear Frank S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe novel method of inclusion barometry coupled with the calculation of the required affinity for garnet nucleation is applied to three samples from the previously well‐characterized Connecticut Valley Synclinorium in central Vermont. Raman shifts for quartz inclusions record a range of maximum peak shifts of the quartz 464 cm−1 peak from 2.4 to 3.0 cm−1. Temperature of garnet nucleation was constrained by calculating mineral assemblage diagrams in the MnNCKFMASHT system and plotting the intersection of quartz inclusion in garnet barometry (QuiG, quartz‐in‐garnet) with Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry. Utilizing the intersection of Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry with QuiG barometry, garnet nucleation is inferred to have occurred within a P–T range of ~8.6–9.5 kbar and ~560–575°C. These P–T conditions for garnet nucleation are significantly higher than calculated equilibrium garnet‐in isograds for the three samples. Affinities for garnet nucleation were calculated as the difference between the free energy of a fictive garnet composition based on the matrix assemblage and the free energy of the nucleated garnet. The calculated nucleation affinity varied from 300 to 600 kJ/mol O for St–Ky grade samples. These results suggest that the assumption that metamorphism proceeds as a sequence of near‐equilibrium conditions cannot, in general, be made for regional metamorphic terranes. This body of work agrees with numerous recent studies showing that garnet‐producing reactions must be overstepped in order to for garnet to nucleate.
Pharmacokinetic interaction of green tea beverage containing cyclodextrins and high concentration catechins with P-glycoprotein substrates in LLC-GA5-COL150 cells in vitro and in the small intestine of rats in vivo
Authors: Oda Keisuke , Murakami Teruo 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Possible interaction of green tea beverage (GT) containing cyclodextrins and high concentration catechins, a drinking water, with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates was examined in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
Effects of GT on the uptake of rhodamine 123 by LLC-GA5-COL150 cells and intestinal efflux of rhodamine 123 from blood, intestinal absorption of quinidine from ileum loop and oral absorption of digoxin were examined in rats. Effects of GT and GT components on digoxin solubility were also examined.

Key findings
Green tea increased the uptake of rhodamine 123 by LLC-GA5-COL150 cells, suppressed the intestinal efflux of rhodamine 123 from blood and increased the absorption of quinidine in the ileum of rats. Also, GT increased the solubility of digoxin, and ingestion of GT significantly increased the oral absorption of digoxin given at a high dose in rats.

Conclusions
Green tea suppressed the P-gp-mediated efflux transport of hydrophilic compounds and increased the solubility of lipophilic compounds. Thus, GT may cause interaction with various P-gp substrates, due to the combined effects of catechins and cyclodextrins. Especially, cyclodextrin alone can cause interaction with various low-solubility compounds in vivo. In taking low-solubility drugs including low-solubility P-gp substrates, cyclodextrin-containing foods and beverages such as GT should be avoided.