bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PbWoxT1 mRNA from pear (Pyrus betulaefolia) undergoes long‐distance transport assisted by a polypyrimidine tract binding protein
Authors: Duan Xuwei , Zhang Wenna , Huang Jing , Hao Li , Wang Shengnan , Wang Aide , Meng Dong , Zhang Qiulei , Chen Qiuju , Li Tianzhong 
Published: December 2015

Summary

Little is known about the mechanisms by which mRNAs are transported over long distances in the phloem between the rootstock and the scion in grafted woody plants.

We identified an mRNA in the pear variety ‘Du Li’ (Pyrus betulaefolia) that was shown to be transportable in the phloem. It contains a WUSCHEL‐RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) domain and was therefore named Wox Transport 1 (PbWoxT1).

A 548‐bp fragment of PbWoxT1 is critical in long‐distance transport. PbWoxT1 is rich in CUCU polypyrimidine domains and its mRNAs interact with a polypyrimidine tract binding protein, PbPTB3. Furthermore, the expression of PbWoxT1 significantly increased in the stems of wild‐type (WT) tobacco grafted onto the rootstocks of PbWoxT1 or PbPTB3 co‐overexpressing lines, but this was not the case in WT plants grafted onto PbWoxT1 overexpressing rootstocks, suggesting that PbPTB3 mediates PbWoxT1 mRNA long‐distance transport.

We provide novel information that adds a new mechanism with which to explain the noncell‐autonomous manner of WOX gene function, which enriches our understanding of how WOX genes work in fruit trees and other species.
Environmental influences on rabbit numbers and control methods in southern New Zealand between 1860 and 1930
Authors: Holland Peter , Mager Sarah 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn the mid‐19th century, European rabbits were released in southern New Zealand and thrived in the dry interior. Landholders recognised the need to understand rabbit behaviour, learned to identify vulnerable stages in the animal's life history and based their eradication programmes on that knowledge. Rabbit numbers changed with shifts in prevailing weather systems, and landholders used different combinations of control and extermination methods in wetter than in drier periods. Large properties needed to employ gangs of rabbiters when herbage was abundant and rabbits were common, but required fewer men when rabbits were scarce.
Four windows into geography and imagination(s)
Authors: Kearns Robin , O'Brien Gregory , Foley Ronan , Regan Nell 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGeographical awareness and the imaginative impulse are sibling domains of human experience. We imagine the places we have yet to visit and allow ourselves to envisage differently those already familiar to us. This set of four essays extends presentations made at a Stout Research Centre (Victoria University of Wellington) seminar in 2015, at which two geographers and two artists reflected on the connections between geography and imagination. Collectively they take forward a broader conversation between geography and the humanities, contributing to the emergent field of ‘geohumanities’.
Hawke's Bay regional economic development strategy: The importance of stakeholder buy‐in
Authors: Rowe James E. , Collits Paul , MacLeod Alasdair 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe main components of most economic development (ED) strategies are very similar. The visions and aspirational goals also sound alike for most communities. Most communities have also had a series of ED strategies that, over time, were often never implemented because of poor stakeholder buy‐in. This paper considers the importance of community support for an ED strategy and compares the engagement processes of the Auckland Council and the Hawke's Bay in developing their respective regional economic development strategies. In the Hawke's Bay situation, the process is more important than the actual strategy document. This paper argues that garnering stakeholder buy‐in is the most critical component of the strategy development process.
Leafhoppers Exitianus atratus and Amplicephalus funzaensis transmit phytoplasmas of groups 16SrI and 16SrVII in Colombia
Authors: Perilla‐Henao L. , Wilson M. R. , Franco‐Lara L. 
Published: December 2015

The phytoplasmas of groups 16SrI (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’) and 16SrVII (‘Ca. Phytoplasma fraxini’) have been associated with phytoplasma diseases in several urban tree species in Bogotá, Colombia and surrounding areas. The insect vectors responsible for this phytoplasma transmission are unknown. The objectives of this study were to test for the presence of phytoplasmas in leafhopper species (Cicadellidae) collected in areas with diseased trees and to determine the phytoplasma transmission ability of two of these species. Leafhoppers of nine species were collected at two sampling sites and tested by nested or double nested PCR using primers for the 16S rRNA gene. The amplicons were subjected to RFLP and/or sequencing analysis. Phytoplasmas of group 16SrI were detected in morphospecies MF05 (Haldorus sp.), group 16SrVII in MF07 (Xestocephalus desertorum), MF08 (Empoasca sp.) and MF09 (Typhlocybinae), and both groups 16SrI and 16SrVII in MF01 (Empoasca sp.), MF02 (Typhlocybinae), MF03 (Scaphytopius sp.), MF04 (Amplicephalus funzaensis) and MF06 (Exitianus atratus). Transmission tests to uninfected bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) were performed using field collected A. funzaensis and E. atratus individuals in separate assays. After 5 weeks, the test plants exposed to individuals of both species of leafhoppers showed symptoms, suggesting phytoplasma infection. Phytoplasma groups 16SrI and 16SrVII were detected in the two groups of exposed plants, indicating that A. funzaensis and E. atratus were able to transmit both groups of phytoplasmas. This is the first report of insect vectors for phytoplasmas of group 16SrVII in the world and of 16SrI in South America.
What's Special about Moral Ignorance?
Authors: Wieland Jan Willem 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAccording to an influential view by Elizabeth Harman, moral ignorance, as opposed to factual ignorance, never excuses one from blame. In defense of this view, Harman appeals to the following considerations: (i) that moral ignorance always implies a lack of good will, and (ii) that moral truth is always accessible. In this paper, I clearly distinguish these considerations, and present challenges to both. If my arguments are successful, sometimes moral ignorance excuses.
The Effect of Sperm Morphology and Sire Fertility on Calving Rate of Finnish Ayrshire AI Bulls
Authors: Attia S , Katila T , Andersson M 
Published: December 2015

ContentsGood‐quality semen is a prerequisite for successful and profitable artificial insemination (AI) of modern dairy cattle. Fertility of the bulls is evaluated with andrological examinations and semen analyses, such as morphology. However, little attention has been paid to the inheritance of bull fertility. In this study, we correlated sperm morphology, birth year and station of 695 AI bulls with calving rate (CR). Sperm morphology was clearly associated with CR underlining the usefulness of morphological examination in the assessment of fertility. The correlation between the proportion of normal spermatozoa and CR was significant (p < 0.001). No significant differences were detected between stations or birth years. We also compared the CR of 695 AI bulls with the CR of their 27 sires to study the inheritance of fertility. Sire's CR did not correlate with the CR of the sons (p = 0.218). This result indicates that at least when sires of acceptable CR are used to produce sons for use in AI the inheritance of CR is not significantly correlated.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐6 (BMP‐6) Stimulates the Antrum Formation by the Regulation of its Signalling Pathway in Caprine Pre‐antral Follicles Cultured In Vitro
Authors: Araújo VR , Silva GM , Duarte ABG , Magalhães‐Padilha DM , Almeida AP , Lunardi FO , Serafim MKB , Moura AAA , Campello CC , Rodrigues APR , Figueiredo JR 
Published: December 2015

ContentsBMP‐6 has been found to be important to ovarian cells and oocyte, as well as to uterus. Thus, this study investigated the effect of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP‐6) and recombinant follicle‐stimulating hormone (rFSH) alone or in combination on the in vitro culture (IVC) of isolated caprine secondary follicles (Experiment 1) and the mRNA levels for BMP receptors/Smad signalling pathway (BMPR1A, BMPR2, SMAD1, SMAD4, SMAD5, SMAD6, SMAD7 and SMAD8) in vivo and in vitro using BMP‐6 (Experiment 2). Secondary follicles were cultured in αMEM+ alone (control medium) or supplemented with BMP‐6 at 1 or 10 ng/ml and rFSH alone or the combination of both BMP‐6 concentrations and rFSH. The results from Experiment 1 showed that the antrum formation rate was higher in the BMP‐6 at 1 ng/ml (p < 0.05) than in MEM. In Experiment 2, the mRNA expression for BMPR2, SMAD1, SMAD5 and SMAD6 was detected in non‐cultured control and after in vitro culture (MEM and 1 ng/ml BMP‐6); while the expression of SMAD7 and SMAD8 mRNA was only detected after IVC, SMAD4 was only detected in the BMP‐6 at 1 ng/ml treatment. In conclusion, the low BMP‐6 concentration positively influenced antrum formation and ensured normal mRNA expression for BMP receptor and Smads after IVC of caprine secondary follicles.
Transgenic tobacco plants with improved cyanobacterial Rubisco expression but no extra assembly factors grow at near wild‐type rates if provided with elevated CO2
Authors: Occhialini Alessandro , Lin Myat T. , Andralojc P. John , Hanson Maureen R. , Parry Martin A. J. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIntroducing a carbon‐concentrating mechanism and a faster Rubisco enzyme from cyanobacteria into higher plant chloroplasts may improve photosynthetic performance by increasing the rate of CO2 fixation while decreasing losses caused by photorespiration. We previously demonstrated that tobacco plants grow photoautotrophically using Rubisco from Synechococcus elongatus, although the plants exhibited considerably slower growth than wild‐type and required supplementary CO2. Because of concerns that vascular plant assembly factors may not be adequate for assembly of a cyanobacterial Rubisco, prior transgenic plants included the cyanobacterial chaperone RbcX or the carboxysomal protein CcmM35. Here we show that neither RbcX nor CcmM35 is needed for assembly of active cyanobacterial Rubisco. Furthermore, by altering the gene regulatory sequences on the Rubisco transgenes, cyanobacterial Rubisco expression was enhanced and the transgenic plants grew at near wild‐type growth rates, although still requiring elevated CO2. We performed detailed kinetic characterization of the enzymes produced with and without the RbcX and CcmM35 cyanobacterial proteins. These transgenic plants exhibit photosynthetic characteristics that confirm the predicted benefits of introduction of non‐native forms of Rubisco with higher carboxylation rate constants in vascular plants and the potential nitrogen‐use efficiency that may be achieved provided that adequate CO2 is available near the enzyme.
PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF FIFTEEN GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERRILL (VEGETABLE SOYBEAN) VARIETIES UNDER MINERAL AND BRIS SOILS OF MALAYSIA
Authors: Abu Bakar Siti Nurul Farhana , Chia Phang Ing , Nordin Mohd Shukor , Ibrahim Maizatul Akma 
Published: December 2015

Glycine max (L.) Merrill (vegetable soybean) is an important vegetable mainly among the Asian community. It is mainly consumed by human as a highly nutritious and savory snack. Instead of having a relatively higher protein and lower oil contents, it is also has a sweet and better tasting. Thus, this study aims to investigate the phenotypic characteristics of fifteen varieties of Glycine max (L.) Merrill developed by the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), Taiwan in order to select the potential varieties to be planted under Malaysian environments. The fifteen varieties were planted under mineral and bris soils at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Kuantan, Pahang. Eight phenotypic traits included the seed numbers per plant, the pod numbers per plant, the weight of fifteen seeds per plant, the days to emergence per plant, the days to flowering per plant, the plants height per plant, the pods width per plant and the pods length per plant were measured. Selection of potential varieties were mainly done by determining the yielding characteristics. Among these eight morpho-agronomic characteristics, the seed numbers per plant is the main yield determinant while, the other characteristics would be useful for future breeding programs. From the observation, Variety 4 (AGS429) obtained the highest seed numbers per plant (81 seeds) under mineral soil and Variety 1 (AGS 190) produced the highest seed numbers per plant (91 seeds) under bris soil, thus having the promising higher yielding ability to be selected as a potential vegetable soybean varieties to be planted under Malaysian conditions.
MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, SELECTED MACRONUTRIENT UPTAKE, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS LEVEL OF Andrographis paniculata UNDER SALINE CONDITION
Authors: Ismail Nor Adibah , Hossain Md. Sanower , Mohd Mustafa Nurhidayatul Husna , Chia Phang Ing 
Published: December 2015

Andrographis paniculata (Hempedu Bumi) is an important therapeutical herb that tends to be affected by salinity stress, leading to reduction of plant productivity and growth. This study aimed to study the effects of salt stress on the morpho-physiology, selected macronutrients uptake, as well as intensity and localization of reactive oxygen species in A. paniculata. Symptoms of salt toxicity were observed on A. paniculata including dehydration and browning of leaves. Na+ content in plants was significantly increased as NaCl concentration increases, while K+ content was significantly reduced. For Ca2+ and Mg2+ content, no significant difference was detected between control and plants treated with 92.40 mM NaCl. Histochemical staining showed that the accumulation of superoxide in 41.10 mM salt-treated leaves was higher than the control, whereas no differences were found for hydrogen peroxide. A. paniculata appeared to be affected by saline condition.
Treatment of pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Sabetta Ettore , Scaravella Edoardo 
Published: December 2015

Pincer femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) consists of pathological contact between the acetabular labrum and rim and the femoral head-neck junction. Manifold conditions underlie pincer FAI: anatomical abnormalities, malorientation of the acetabulum, torsional abnormalities of the neck and femoral shaft (these defects can be constitutional, post-traumatic or post-surgical), and involvement in sports characterized by repeated and sudden maximum joint excursions. In a high percentage of cases, pincer FAI is associated with cam FAI.The aims of surgical treatment of pincer FAI are to eliminate the cause of the contact and repair the joint damage; the surgery may be open or arthroscopic, performed with an articular or extra-articular approach. Recently, arthroscopic treatment of FAI had a rapid and widespread diffusion due to the advantages it offers compared with the open technique. Arthroscopic treatment can repair the joint damage and in some cases, characterized by minor deformity, compensate for extra-articular defects. The acetabular labrum must always be preserved and sutured; only in extreme cases can it be sacrificed. Post-operative mobilization must respect the healing time of the labral repair.
Tecnologías en la Educación Musical a Distancia en Contextos Universitarios Brasileños
Authors: Da Silveira Borne Leonardo 
Published: December 2015

<p>Este artículo se centra en las tecnologías usadas en las prácticas de educación musical en contextos de universidades en Brasil. Este documento es producto del recorte de una investigación de posgrado que se enfocó en las percepciones de ocho maestros de licenciatura en música sobre los recursos, sus elecciones, y los usos de los Objetos de Aprendizaje y de los Entornos Virtuales de Aprendizaje en cursos en línea. A través de un estudio cualitativo, que tuvo como base los pensamientos de Tardif y Lessard (2008) sobre el trabajo docente, pude verificar las maneras con las que los docentes caracterizan el OA, ya sea en sus dimensiones tecnológicas y de implementación o la educativa y pedagógica. Igualmente, sobre el EVA, pude examinar los puntos que toman como referencia cuando los participantes lo detallan, desde la articulación tecnológica o desde la interacción entre los actores. </p>
Analysis of Running and Technical Performance in Substitute Players in International Male Rugby Union Competition
Authors: Lacome Mathieu , Piscione Julien , Hager Jean-Philippe , Carling Christopher 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:To investigate the patterns and performance of substitutions in 18 international 15-a-side men’s rugby union matches.Methods:A semiautomatic computerized time–motion system compiled 750 performance observations for 375 players (422 forwards, 328 backs). Running and technical-performance measures included total distance run, high-intensity running (>18.0 km/h), number of individual ball possessions and passes, percentage of passes completed, and number of attempted and percentage of successful tackles.Results:A total of 184 substitutions (85.2%) were attributed to tactical and 32 (14.8%) to injury purposes respectively. The mean period for non-injury-purpose substitutions in backs (17.7%) occurred between 70 and 75 min, while forward substitutions peaked equally between 50–55 and 60–65 min (16.4%). Substitutes generally demonstrated improved running performance compared with both starter players who completed games and players whom they replaced (small differences, ES –0.2 to 0.5) in both forwards and backs over their entire time played. There was also a trend for better running performance in forward and back substitutes over their first 10 min of play compared with the final 10 min for replaced players (small to moderate differences, ES 0.3–0.6). Finally, running performance in both forward and back substitutes was generally lower (ES –0.1 to 0.3, unclear or small differences) over their entire 2nd-half time played compared with their first 10 min of play. The impact of substitutes on technical performance was generally considered unclear.Conclusions:This information provides practitioners with practical data relating to the physical and technical contributions of substitutions that subsequently could enable optimization of their impact on match play.
Agreement of an Evaluation of the Forward-Step-Down Test by a Broad Cohort of Clinicians With That of an Expert Panel
Authors: Herman Gidon , Nakdimon Oren , Levinger Pazit , Springer Shmuel 
Published: December 2015

Context:The forward-step-down (FSD) test may be used to identify underlying pathologies related to lower-extremity injuries. However, research on its interrater reliability is limited.Objective:To assess the interrater reliability of the FSD test with a broad cohort of clinicians and to compare the level of agreement with an expert panel.Design:Single-measure, interrater reliability.Setting:Annual conference of the Israeli Physical Therapy Society.Participants:15 healthy subjects who performed the FSD test and 142 physical therapists (PTs) who evaluated performance.Methods:Each subject performed the FSD while being videoed. Six videos were selected by an expert panel for analysis. After viewing the videos, FSD performance was rated by 142 PTs, as well as by the expert panel, using a 3-level scale.Main Outcome Measures:Interrater reliability determined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and percentage of agreement with the expert panel.Results:Fair to good reliability and acceptable agreement were found for the entire sample of raters (ICC –.61, agreement 74%). The percentage of agreement was greater in the subgroup of raters who were familiar with the FSD than in those who were not (78.08% vs 69.32%, respectively, P = .004). Years of work experience did not affect the percentage of agreement (P = .141).Conclusions:Fair to good interrater reliably of the FSD test was demonstrated by a broad cohort of PTs. The findings support the clinical utility of the FSD test as an assessment tool for quality of movement.
Exploring the Relationship Between Athletic Identity and Beliefs About Rehabilitation Overadherence in College Athletes
Authors: Hilliard Robert C. , Blom Lindsey , Hankemeier Dorice , Bolin Jocelyn 
Published: December 2015

Context:Athletic identity has been associated with rehabilitation overadherence in college athletes.Objectives:To explore which constructs of athletic identity predict rehabilitation overadherence, gauge athletes’ views of the most salient aspect of their athletic participation, and understand their perceptions of the reasons they adhere to their rehabilitation program.Design:Cross-sectional, mixed methods.Setting:University athletic training clinics and online.Participants:Currently injured college athletes (N = 80; 51 male, 29 female).Main Outcome Measures:Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), Rehabilitation Overadherence Questionnaire (ROAQ), and 2 open-ended questions about athletic participation and rehabilitation adherence.Results:Higher levels of athletic identity were associated with higher levels of rehabilitation overadherence (r = .29, P = .009). Hierarchical multiple regression used on AIMS subscales to predict ROAQ subscales did not reveal a significant model for the subscale “ignore practitioner recommendations.” However, a significant model was revealed for the subscale “attempt an expedited rehabilitation,” F5,73 = 2.56, P = .04, R2 = .15. Negative affectivity was the only significant contribution to the equation (β = 0.33, t = 2.64, P = .01). Content analysis revealed that bodily benefits, sport participation, personal achievement, social relationships, and athlete status were perceived to be the most important aspects of being an athlete. The themes of returning to competition, general health, and relationship beliefs were identified as the major factors for adhering to a rehabilitation program.Conclusions:Negative affectivity accounted for a significant but low amount of variance for rehabilitation overadherence, suggesting that athletic trainers should pay attention to personal variables such as athletic identity that might influence the rehabilitation process. Using the knowledge of why athletes adhere to their rehabilitation and what is most important to them about being an athlete, athletic trainers can use appropriate interventions to facilitate proper rehabilitation adherence.