bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyloric localisation in 57 dogs of breeds susceptible to gastric dilatation‐volvulus using computed tomography
Authors: Tomlinson A. W. , Lillis S. M. , German A. J. , Burrow R. D. 
Published: October 2016

Objective:Describe the location of the pylorus using CT in dog breeds susceptible to gastric dilatation‐volvulus in the UK.Methods:Descriptive anatomical study. Abdominal CT scans of 57 client‐owned dogs were reviewed to assess pyloric position relative to the 9th, 10th, 11th and 13th ribs and 2 and 3 cm caudal to the 13th rib at the 8, 9 and 10 o'clock positions. The angle of the pylorus from the centre of the abdominal cavity relative to the sagittal plane was also determined.Results:In 88 per cent of cases, the pylorus was located in the right cranioventral abdomen with 63 per cent positioned at the 9–10 o'clock position. The overall distance between the pylorus and right abdominal wall (RAW) at the 13th rib 10 o'clock position was equivalent to 29 per cent of ventral abdominal length, significantly greater than the median overall distance of ∼14 per cent of ventral abdominal length between the pylorus and RAW at the 9th or 10th rib 10 o'clock position (P<0.0001).Clinical significance:Common gastropexy locations may result in considerable displacement of the pylorus relative to its natural anatomic location. Further case‐control studies are required to assess the clinical significance of this finding.
Beyond Laggan–Tormore: maximizing economic recovery from gas infrastructure West of Shetland
Authors: Noel P. , Taylor N. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The Laggan–Tormore development was sanctioned in 2010: the two fields are produced by subsea systems, tied back to the Shetland Islands where the hydrocarbons are processed in the Shetland Gas Plant. A key aspect of the Laggan–Tormore development was the inclusion of in-line tees in the flowlines to allow future tie-ins. This paper highlights the opportunities now available for further gas developments West of Shetland and describes the efforts performed by Total and its co-venturers during the period 2010–15 in order to take advantage of the new gas infrastructure. Three exploration wells were drilled by Total and its co-venturers around the facilities during this period. The Tomintoul well turned out to be dry despite a positive amplitude v. offset (AVO) anomaly. Edradour, whilst a gas discovery, was not big enough to make an economical tie-back to the Laggan–Tormore facilities. The third exploration well Spinnaker was disappointing. All undeveloped gas resources around the facilities were evaluated and Glenlivet was clearly the most attractive. Studies demonstrated that a joint Edradour–Glenlivet development would be economical; the Field Development Plan was approved in March 2015 and the Glenlivet development drilling campaign took place during the summer of 2015. Total continues an intensive exploration programme West of Shetland on its wide acreage, hoping to bring additional projects in the future.
The application of elemental geochemistry to UK onshore unconventional plays
Authors: Riley David A. , Pearce Tim J. , Mathia Eliza , Ratcliffe Ken , Martin John 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The Namurian and Westphalian sequences from the onshore well Scaftworth-B2, located in the Gainsborough Trough, central England, have been analysed for whole-rock inorganic geochemical data via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and mass spectrometry (MS). The changes within key elements, and elemental ratios, results in a chemostratigraphic zonation scheme consisting of eight chemostratigraphic sequences and 13 chemostratigraphic packages, providing the type zonation for the Bowland Shale and overlying formations. Mineralogical data are provided by whole rock X-ray diffraction (XRD) and are used to calibrate the mineral modelling in order to generate a modelled mineral log for the study well. Furthermore, the modelled mineralogy is then used to calculate a relative brittleness for the samples, which can then be collaborated with traditional rock properties data at a later date. Elemental data can also be used to model the relative abundance of detrital quartz and biogenic silica; while total silicon is detected by ICP, biogenic silica is not detected by XRD owing to its amorphous nature. Enrichment factors calculated from the inorganic elemental data suggest that the sediment was deposited in an unrestricted marine setting, which experienced periods of anoxia.
Contractile function and motor unit firing rates of the human hamstrings
Authors: Kirk Eric A. , Rice Charles L. 
Published: October 2016

Neuromuscular properties of the lower limb in health, aging, and disease are well described for major lower limb muscles comprising the quadriceps, triceps surae, and dorsiflexors, with the notable exception of the posterior thigh (hamstrings). The purpose of this study was to further characterize major muscles of the lower limb by comprehensively exploring contractile properties in relation to spinal motor neuron output expressed as motor unit firing rates (MUFRs) in the hamstrings of 11 (26.5 ± 3.8) young men. Maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC), voluntary activation, stimulated contractile properties including a force-frequency relationship, and MUFRs from submaximal to maximal voluntary contractile intensities were assessed in the hamstrings. Strength and MUFRs were assessed at two presumably different muscle lengths by varying the knee joint angles (90° and 160°). Knee flexion MVCs were 60–70% greater in the extended position (160°). The frequency required to elicit 50% of maximum tetanic torque was 16–17 Hz. Mean MUFRs at 25–50% MVC were 9–31% less in the biceps femoris compared with the semimembranosus-semitendinosus group. Knee joint angle (muscle length) influenced MUFRs such that mean MUFRs were greater in the shortened (90°) position at 50% and 100% MVC. Compared with previous reports, mean maximal MUFRs in the hamstrings are greater than those in the quadriceps and triceps surae and somewhat less than those in the tibialis anterior. Mean maximal MUFRs in the hamstrings are influenced by changes in knee joint angle, with lower firing rates in the biceps femoris compared with the semimembranosus-semitendinosus muscle group.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We studied motor unit firing rates (MUFRs) at various voluntary contraction intensities in the hamstrings, one of the only major lower limb muscles to have MUFRs affected by muscle length changes. Within the hamstrings muscle-specific differences have greater impact on MUFRs than length changes, with the biceps femoris having reduced neural drive compared with the semimembranosus-semimembranosus. Comparing our results to other lower limb muscles, flexors have inherently higher firing rate compared with extensors.
Prognostic Importance of C‐Reactive Protein in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Rio de Janeiro Type 2 Diabetes Cohort Study
Authors: Cardoso Claudia R. L. , Leite Nathalie C. , Salles Gil F. 
Published: October 2016

Background

The prognostic value of C‐reactive protein (
CRP
) is controversial in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We aimed to assess it in a cohort of high cardiovascular risk diabetic patients.

Methods and Results

CRP
was measured at baseline and during the second year of follow‐up in 616 patients. The primary end points were a composite of total fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events (
CVE
s), major
CVE
s, and all‐cause and cardiovascular mortalities. Association between baseline and second‐year
CRP
with end points were evaluated by multivariable Cox survival analyses. Baseline median
CRP
was 2.8 mg/L (interquartile range: 1.2–6.0 mg/L), and 47.8% of the patients either increased or persisted with high
CRP
levels during the first 2 years of follow‐up. After a median follow‐up of 8.4 years, 131 total
CVE
s occurred (89 major
CVE
s), and 129 patients died (53 of cardiovascular causes). Baseline and second‐year
CRP
, analyzed as a continuous variable and dichotomized at >3.0 mg/L, were significantly associated with total and major
CVE
s occurrence (with adjusted hazard ratios between 1.22 and 1.34 for increments of 1‐
SD
log of continuous
CRP
, and between 1.47 and 1.89 for dichotomized
CRP
), but not with mortality. Additionally, increasing
CRP
levels or persisting with high levels were associated with a 1.84 (95%
CI
: 1.10–3.06) excess risk of major
CVE
s, independent of baseline
CRP
values.

Conclusions

Baseline and serial changes in
CRP
levels provide cardiovascular risk prediction independent of standard risk factors and glycemic control, and may be useful to refine cardiovascular risk stratification in high‐risk patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Lotus Notes
Authors: Ghouse Nida 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Lotus was a tri-lingual quarterly brought out by the Afro-Asian Writers' Association. Initially titled Afro-Asian Writings, its inaugural edition was launched from Cairo in March 1968, in Arabic and English, followed by the French. By 1971, the trilingual quarterly acquired the name Lotus. Egypt, the Soviet Union, and the German Democratic Republic funded its production. The Arabic edition was printed in Cairo, and the English and French editions were printed in the German Democratic Republic. The Afro-Asian Writers' Association (AAWA) and its over-arching affiliate, the Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization (AAPSO), both had headquarters in Cairo. In 1978, President Anwar Sadat signed the Camp David Accords and the Permanent Bureau in Cairo was deactivated. Lotus moved to Beirut despite the raging Civil War, where it was was granted home and hospitality by the Union of Palestinian Writers. Its offices remained there until the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 when it once again relocated along with the Palestinian Liberation Organization to Tunis. The journal was discontinued in the late 1980s or early 1990s with the dismantling of the Soviet Union. The Permanent Bureau in Cairo was reinstated, but the journal was not as such reactivated. The project outlines a partial biography of a forgotten magazine from a bipolar world and its interrupted historical networks. It considers graphic and textual elements from the margins of the magazine for evidence of its trajectory.
Arctic Radiation-IceBridge Sea and Ice Experiment: The Arctic Radiant Energy System during the Critical Seasonal Ice Transition
Authors: Smith William L. , Hansen Christy , Bucholtz Anthony , Anderson Bruce E. , Beckley Matthew , Corbett Joseph G. , Cullather Richard I. , Hines Keith M. , Hofton Michelle , Kato Seiji , Lubin Dan , Moore Richard H. , Segal Rosenhaimer Michal , Redemann Jens , Schmidt Sebastian , Scott Ryan , Song Shi , Barrick John D. , Blair J. Bryan , Bromwich David H. , Brooks Colleen , Chen Gao , Cornejo Helen , Corr Chelsea A. , Ham Seung-Hee , Kittelman A. Scott , Knappmiller Scott , LeBlanc Samuel , Loeb Norman G. , Miller Colin , Nguyen Louis , Palikonda Rabindra , Rabine David , Reid Elizabeth A. , Richter-Menge Jacqueline A. , Pilewskie Peter , Shinozuka Yohei , Spangenberg Douglas , Stackhouse Paul , Taylor Patrick , Thornhill K. Lee , van Gilst David , Winstead Edward 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)’s Arctic Radiation-IceBridge Sea and Ice Experiment (ARISE) acquired unique aircraft data on atmospheric radiation and sea ice properties during the critical late summer to autumn sea ice minimum and commencement of refreezing. The C-130 aircraft flew 15 missions over the Beaufort Sea between 4 and 24 September 2014. ARISE deployed a shortwave and longwave broadband radiometer (BBR) system from the Naval Research Laboratory; a Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) from the University of Colorado Boulder; the Spectrometer for Sky-Scanning, Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research (4STAR) from the NASA Ames Research Center; cloud microprobes from the NASA Langley Research Center; and the Land, Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS) laser altimeter system from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. These instruments sampled the radiant energy exchange between clouds and a variety of sea ice scenarios, including prior to and after refreezing began. The most critical and unique aspect of ARISE mission planning was to coordinate the flight tracks with NASA Cloud and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) satellite sensor observations in such a way that satellite sensor angular dependence models and derived top-of-atmosphere fluxes could be validated against the aircraft data over large gridbox domains of order 100–200 km. This was accomplished over open ocean, over the marginal ice zone (MIZ), and over a region of heavy sea ice concentration, in cloudy and clear skies. ARISE data will be valuable to the community for providing better interpretation of satellite energy budget measurements in the Arctic and for process studies involving ice–cloud–atmosphere energy exchange during the sea ice transition period.
Improvement of the Snow Depth in the Common Land Model by Coupling a Two-Dimensional Deterministic Ensemble Model with a Variational Hybrid Snow Cover Fraction Data Assimilation Scheme and a New Observation Operator
Authors: Xu Jianhui , Zhang Feifei , Shu Hong , Zhong Kaiwen 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
During snow cover fraction (SCF) data assimilation (DA), the simplified observation operator and presence of cloud cover cause large errors in the assimilation results. To reduce these errors, a new snow cover depletion curve (SDC), known as an observation operator in the DA system, is statistically fitted to in situ snow depth (SD) observations and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) SCF data from January 2004 to October 2008. Using this new SDC, a two-dimensional deterministic ensemble–variational hybrid DA (2DEnVar) method of integrating the deterministic ensemble Kalman filter (DEnKF) and a two-dimensional variational DA (2DVar) is proposed. The proposed 2DEnVar is then used to assimilate the MODIS SCF into the Common Land Model (CoLM) at five sites in the Altay region of China for data from November 2008 to March 2009. The analysis performance of the 2DEnVar is compared with that of the DEnKF. The results show that the 2DEnVar outperforms the DEnKF as it effectively reduces the bias and root-mean-square error during the snow accumulation and ablation periods at all sites except for the Qinghe site. In addition, the 2DEnVar, with more assimilated MODIS SCF observations, produces more innovations (observation minus forecast) than the DEnKF, with only one assimilated MODIS SCF observation. The problems of cloud cover and overestimation are addressed by the 2DEnVar.
Staggered-PRT Sequences for Doppler Weather Radars. Part I: Spectral Analysis Using the Autocorrelation Spectral Density
Authors: Torres Sebastián M. , Warde David A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe autocorrelation spectral density (ASD) was introduced as a generalization of the classical periodogram-based power spectral density (PSD) and as an alternative tool for spectral analysis of uniformly sampled weather radar signals. In this paper, the ASD is applied to staggered pulse repetition time (PRT) sequences and is related to both the PSD and the ASD of the underlying uniform-PRT sequence. An unbiased autocorrelation estimator based on the ASD is introduced for use with staggered-PRT sequences when spectral processing is required. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the ASD for spectral analysis of staggered-PRT sequences are illustrated using simulated and real data.
The big picture unfolds: Using photovoice to study user participation in mental health services
Authors: Tang Jessica Pui-Shan , Tse Samson , Davidson Larry 
Published: October 2016

Background: User participation is advocated on the basis that consumers know their own needs better than anyone else. Photovoice is a participatory research method that empowers the grass-root population to give voice on concerned issues for eliciting social change. Aim: This study explores the experience and impact of user participation in mental health services (MHS) in Hong Kong through photovoice. It also examines the effects of this method in studying user participation. Method: In this qualitative inquiry, authors, two peer researchers and three participants were involved in the various stages of research design, data collection and data analysis. Participants took photos showing their perception and experiences of being involved in different MHS systems. They shared their narratives through these images and reflected on the participatory experience of photovoice. Results: User participation was experienced as a gradual process of assuming control that involved personal responsibility, connection with peers, collaboration with staff, redefinition of boundaries and social inclusion. Meaningful participation gave rise to a sense of contribution, interpersonal connection and self-worth and transformed one’s identity. Participants enjoyed the mutual interaction and derived benefit from the photovoice process. Issues such as consent and confidentiality arose in implementation. Conclusion: Participation entails partnership among service users, providers and peers. Photovoice opens up new space for unfolding expert knowledge. Further application of this participatory approach with the local community is suggested in order to develop person-centered care.
Reframing Women: Gender and Film in Aotearoa New Zealand 1999–2014
Authors: Shepard Deborah 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhen my book Reframing Women: A history of New Zealand cinema (Harper Collins) was published in 2000 New Zealand women's film was flourishing. There had been an explosion of filmmaking following the upsurge of twentieth century feminism in the 1970s beginning with the international women's year film Some of My Best Friends are Women (1975) and the subsequent production of nine feminist documentary films. The energy generated by these films and the international feminist history projects that uncovered the formerly invisible contribution of women across every sphere of creative was contagious. There was a feeling of optimism that anything was possible. Women were using the camera to focus the lens on themselves and their issues. Between 1980 and 1990 dramas and features dealing with gender issues increased dramatically while the formerly marginalised were gaining access to the technology to explore sexuality and identity politics. There were powerful films about identity by Maori, Pacific, Asian, Yugoslavian, Greek … and increasing experimentation with film form.Since 2000 women have lost ground and film production and experimentation has declined, knocked back by the backlash against feminism, by recession and fiscal cutbacks caused by the global financial meltdown of 2008–9 and a change in political parties to a conservative, misogynist, right wing, capitalist government. I propose to investigate the situation and the changes in the film climate with reference to the global situation through a series of interviews with key creatives: leading feminist film director Gaylene Preston, academic documentary film director Annie Goldson, feature film directors Christine Jeffs (Rain and Sylvia about Sylvia Plath) and Fiona Samuel (Bliss about the life of Katherine Mansfield), the Greek feminist academic film director Athina Tsoulis, Maori screenwriter Riwia Brown (Once Were Warriors), Samoan director Justine Simei-Barton, Indian academic Schuchi Kotari and the cinematographer Mairi Gunn, along with a younger feminist director Brita McVeigh.The paper will compare my historical findings in reframing women with the current situation in a blend of history, current opinion and analysis and reflection.
Facial Drooping, Aphasia, and an Incidental Lung Mass in a Nonsmoker
Authors: Lui Justin K. , McIntosh Lacey J. , Escobar Valle Jorge , Stockl Thomas , Summers Stephen 
Published: October 2016

Background: Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter are atrial tachycardias associated with embolic strokes. To date, there have only been a few reports highlighting the incidence of these atrial tachycardias due to mechanical compression of myocardial structures and the pulmonary vasculature in certain mediastinal masses and cysts. Case: We present a case of a 75-year-old gentleman who is a nonsmoker with a history of hypertension who presents with an acute embolic stroke due to atrial flutter likely from mechanical compression from an underlying squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Conclusion: This case represents, to the best of our knowledge, a rare case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung in a nonsmoker likely leading to mechanical compression and a resultant atrial tachycardia with an embolic stroke.
Maximizing value and minimizing barriers: Patient-centered community consultation for research in emergency settings
Authors: Fordyce Christopher B , Roe Matthew T , Dickert Neal W 
Published: October 2016

Background: Patients with cardiac arrest and other life-threatening emergencies are unable to provide prospective consent for clinical trials. In the United States and other countries, regulations permit an exception from the requirement for informed consent in emergency settings. However, many potential barriers exist, as evidenced by the scarcity of US trials conducted under exception from the requirement for informed consent. One persistent challenge is the requirement that investigators consult communities prior to study approval. Methods: To improve the community consultation process for emergency studies under exception from the requirement for informed consent, we propose that prioritizing engagement of individuals who have experienced the condition under study, or are at high risk for the condition, fulfills regulatory goals and represents the interests of potential enrollees and the community without impeding research. Results: Prioritizing patients engages individuals who are more likely to understand the concerns and experiences of study subjects, to appreciate risks and benefits of the study, and to understand the impact of the disease and intervention on patients’ lives than are members of the general public. Similarly, those explicitly at high risk are more likely to identify as potential participants and may impart some level of accountability on the investigator. Finally, the most logical community of relevance is defined by a combination of condition-related experience and living in the area where a study will be conducted; geographic and condition-related communities should not be treated as distinct. In this sense, patients, their family members, and individuals at high risk within the catchment area represent the appropriate “community.” Conclusion: Exception from the requirement for informed consent regulations have advanced the goal of improving care for emergency conditions, but common interpretations of the community consultation requirement threaten research in the United States. Focusing on the goals of learning from and demonstrating respect for those most directly affected by a study through engaging people most connected to the condition of interest will make community consultation more valuable, better inform institutional review boards, and increase efficiency.