bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linkage mechanisms in the vertebrate skull: Structure and function of three‐dimensional, parallel transmission systems
Authors: Olsen Aaron M. , Westneat Mark W. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTMany musculoskeletal systems, including the skulls of birds, fishes, and some lizards consist of interconnected chains of mobile skeletal elements, analogous to linkage mechanisms used in engineering. Biomechanical studies have applied linkage models to a diversity of musculoskeletal systems, with previous applications primarily focusing on two‐dimensional linkage geometries, bilaterally symmetrical pairs of planar linkages, or single four‐bar linkages. Here, we present new, three‐dimensional (3D), parallel linkage models of the skulls of birds and fishes and use these models (available as free kinematic simulation software), to investigate structure–function relationships in these systems. This new computational framework provides an accessible and integrated workflow for exploring the evolution of structure and function in complex musculoskeletal systems. Linkage simulations show that kinematic transmission, although a suitable functional metric for linkages with single rotating input and output links, can give misleading results when applied to linkages with substantial translational components or multiple output links. To take into account both linear and rotational displacement we define force mechanical advantage for a linkage (analogous to lever mechanical advantage) and apply this metric to measure transmission efficiency in the bird cranial mechanism. For linkages with multiple, expanding output points we propose a new functional metric, expansion advantage, to measure expansion amplification and apply this metric to the buccal expansion mechanism in fishes. Using the bird cranial linkage model, we quantify the inaccuracies that result from simplifying a 3D geometry into two dimensions. We also show that by combining single‐chain linkages into parallel linkages, more links can be simulated while decreasing or maintaining the same number of input parameters. This generalized framework for linkage simulation and analysis can accommodate linkages of differing geometries and configurations, enabling novel interpretations of the mechanics of force transmission across a diversity of vertebrate feeding mechanisms and enhancing our understanding of musculoskeletal function and evolution. J. Morphol. 277:1570–1583, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differentiating HR systems' impact: moderating effects of age on the HR system–work outcome association
Authors: Korff Jörg , Biemann Torsten , Voelpel Sven C. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryCombining the macro perspective of strategic human resource (HR) management with applied psychology's micro approaches, this paper helps to differentiate the effects of HR practices on individual‐level outcomes by introducing two distinct HR practice bundles. We draw on social exchange theory to hypothesize (i) main effects of both growth‐enhancing and maintenance‐enhancing bundles on affective organizational commitment and in‐role behavior and (ii) moderating effects of age and maintenance‐enhancing practices on work outcomes, such that increasing employee age attenuates the positive impact of HR practices. The results of a multilevel study comprising 600 employees and their direct supervisors in 64 business units provide support for the hypothesized main effects on affective commitment and the interaction between age and maintenance‐enhancing practices on work outcomes. We discuss the results, theoretical contributions, and practical implications of the study, as well as future research directions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of Posttraumatic Growth and Illness‐Related Burden With Psychosocial Factors of Patient, Family, and Provider in Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: Wilson J. Zachary , Marin Donna , Maxwell Katherine , Cumming Joseph , Berger Ryan , Saini Shermini , Ferguson William , Chibnall John T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractResearch has indicated that childhood cancer may lead to posttraumatic growth (PTG), given cancer's association with posttraumatic stress. PTG may be associated with family/home and health care dynamics, as well as parental resilience, distress, and coping. This cross‐sectional study investigated the associations of psychosocial factors of the patient, family, and health care team with PTG and illness‐related burden (IRB) in childhood cancer survivors. The sample comprised 61 children and adolescents (7–18 years of age), their parents, and their nurses. Respondents completed their assessment an average of 1.73 years after the end of treatment for the child's disease, which was either leukemia, a solid tumor, or lymphoma. Regression analyses showed that PTG was positively associated with the patients’ posttraumatic stress symptoms. It was also positively associated with the parents’ religious coping, and with measures of stronger family and oncologist relationships (R2 = .32). IRB was positively associated with patient‐reported posttraumatic stress symptoms, negatively associated with the nurse's trust in the family, and positively associated with parent‐reported mental distress, lower family socioeconomic status, and female gender (R2 = .53). There was no significant association with parenting style or parent‐reported posttraumatic stress symptoms in the child. The findings suggested that the young cancer patient's psychosocial and resource milieu (e.g., financial) may be instrumental in PTG and IRB. Psychosocial interventions with high‐risk families and their health care teams could increase growth and reduce burden.
Postinflammatory medial canal fibrosis: An institutional review and meta‐analysis of short‐ and long‐term outcomes
Authors: Keller Robert G. , Ong Adrian A. , Nguyen Shaun A. , O'Connell Brendan P. , Lambert Paul R. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveFew studies report outcomes of surgical management of postinflammatory medial canal fibrosis (PIMCF). The objectives were to compare short‐ and long‐term outcomes after surgical repair of PIMCF at our institution and systematically aggregate published data for meta‐analysis.Data SourcesMedical records for the case series; PubMed, Scopus, and OVID/Medline for the systematic review/meta‐analysis.MethodsPatients undergoing surgical treatment of PIMCF were identified. Short‐term (<2 years) and long‐term (>2 years) postoperative outcomes were evaluated for the case series and aggregated for the meta‐analysis.ResultsAt our institution, 16 patients (21 ears) were identified. Compared to the preoperative air‐bone gap (ABG) (27.7 ± 7.5 dB), mean postoperative short‐term ABG (8.2 ± 7.5 dB) and long‐term ABG (15.3 ± 11.3 dB) were significantly improved (P < 0.001 for both). Although short‐term restenosis rate was low (0%) among long‐term follow‐up patients, 64% (9 of 14) experienced some degree of recurrent canal narrowing, including one case of complete restenosis (7%). Similarly, meta‐analysis pooled preoperative ABG (29.3 ± 9.7 dB, 95% confidence interval [CI] 27.0–31.6) improved significantly during short‐term (11.4 ± 8.0 dB, 95% CI 8.3–4.5, P < 0.0001) and long‐term (14.3 ± 9.6 dB, 95% CI 11.6–16.9, P = 0.0004) follow‐ups, with partial deterioration in hearing over time. Long‐term complete restenosis rate (13.8%) was worse than short‐term (8.0%), with no significant difference over time (P = 0.85).ConclusionPostinflammatory medial canal fibrosis is a rare condition that can successfully be treated with surgery to restore patency of the external auditory canal. Patients who experience improved hearing early on, however, are at significant risk of restenosis and recurrence of their conductive hearing loss with time.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:488–495, 2017
Current molecular profile of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: First comprehensive study from India
Authors: Pandey Praveen , Mishra Anupam , Tripathi Ashoak Mani , Verma Veerendra , Trivedi Ritu , Singh Hitendra Prakash , Kumar Sunil , Patel Brijesh , Singh Vinay , Pandey Shivani , Pandey Amita , Mishra Subhash Chandra 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveAn attempt is made to analyze the molecular behavior of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA).Study DesignCase SeriesMethodsQuantification of mRNAs expression was undertaken through real‐time polymerase chain reaction in JNA (9–24) samples for VEGF‐A, basic fibroblast growth factor (b‐FGF), platelet‐derived growth factor PDGF‐A, KIT proto‐oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (c‐Kit), Avian myelomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c‐Myc), Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (H‐Ras), tumor suppressor gene TP53, and androgen receptor and interleukin 6 (IL‐6). The β‐catenin expression was evaluated by western blot in 16 samples. Nasal polyp was taken as control.ResultsA significantly increased (P < 0.01) expression of c‐myc, VEGFA, bFGF, PDGFA, c‐kit, and TP53 was seen, along with enhanced expression of β‐catenin. A massive enhancement of H‐Ras expression was seen for the first time. Androgen receptor expression was no different, whereas IL‐6 despite showing upregulation trend was not significant.ConclusionThe enhanced expressions of various markers suggest their potential role in JNA. Although the biological significance of c‐kit, c‐myc, and one of the novel markers H‐Ras has yet to be defined, their significant expression may have a therapeutic importance.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:E100–E106, 2017
Histologic Evaluation of Micronized AlloDerm After Injection Laryngoplasty in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Oldenburg Michael S. , Janus Jeff , Voss Steve , San Marina Serban , Chen Tiffany , Garcia Joaquin , Ekbom Dale 
Published: August 2016

Objectives/HypothesisMicronized AlloDerm is a commonly used injectable material for injection laryngoplasty; however, the histologic response to laryngeal implantation and resorption rate over time have not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo response of micronized AlloDerm over time after laryngeal implantation using a rabbit model.Study DesignAnimal model.MethodsThe left recurrent laryngeal nerve was sectioned in five New Zealand White rabbits to create a vocal cord paralysis. Two weeks later, injection laryngoplasty was performed with 100 μL of micronized AlloDerm. Animals were sacrificed 4 (two rabbits) and 12 (three rabbits) weeks after injection. Histologic sections were stained and evaluated by a single pathologist. Volume estimates were made by assuming the implant took an ellipsoid shape using dimensions calculated from histologic slides.ResultsIn all cases, histological analysis revealed a lymphocytic inflammatory response infiltrating the peripheral margins of injection. After 4 weeks, the volume of injected material remaining in two rabbits was 404 and 278 mm3 (average 341 mm3). After 12 weeks, the volume of injected material remaining in three rabbits was 0, 61, and 124 mm3 (average 62 mm3), an 82% difference in volume of material between animals sacrificed at 4 weeks versus 12 weeks.ConclusionsInjection laryngoplasty using micronized AlloDerm induces a lymphocytic inflammatory response after injection in a rabbit model. Though a significant amount of material remains after 4 weeks, by 12 weeks the majority has been reabsorbed.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:E166–E169, 2017
Development of a Redox‐Responsive Polymeric Profluorescent Probe
Authors: Hansen Kai‐Anders , Fairfull‐Smith Kathryn E. , Bottle Steven E. , Blinco James P. 
Published: August 2016

Profluorescent nitroxides (PFNs) have emerged as an important class of imaging agents for monitoring intracellular redox status and levels of oxidative stress. However, the fast reduction of nitroxides upon incubation within cells limits the window of opportunity for detection. By increasing the concentration of nitroxides per fluorophore, their reduction to the corresponding hydroxylamines and the subsequent switch‐on of fluorescence can be delayed. Herein the preparation of nitroxide‐containing polymers of different chain length coupled to a fluorophore is reported and their reduction with pentafluorophenylhydrazine is examined. The fluorescence switch‐on kinetics and radical concentrations are monitored by fluorescence and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and compared to a conventional PFN bearing a single nitroxide moiety. The polymeric PFNs display significant delays in reduction and fluorescence switch‐on and higher turn‐on ratios than their single‐nitroxide counterparts. The results of this study indicate that polymeric PFNs are a promising architecture for future imaging agents.image
Polydopamine‐Assisted Electrochemical Fabrication of Polypyrrole Nanofibers on Bone Implants to Improve Bioactivity
Authors: Wang Zhengao , Zhou Lei , Yu Peng , Liu Yan , Chen Junqi , Liao Jingwen , Li Weiping , Chen Wei , Zhou Wenhao , Yi Xin , Ouyang Kongyou , Zhou Zhengnan , Tan Guoxin , Ning Chengyun 
Published: August 2016

Dopamine is a molecule that facilitates biomineralization, and it is used to prepare electropolymerization‐induced polydopamine (PDA). For the first time, dopamine is used for template‐free electrochemical polymerization to form biocompatible polypyrrole (PPy) nanofiber coatings on bone implants. Dopamine monomers are electropolymerized to PDA chains affixed to biomedical titanium after the nanomicelles are tuned to self‐assemble by triggering the potential, resulting in nanofiber formation. Dopamine serves as a dopant to induce the formation of conductive PPy nanofibers and as a promoter to accelerate biomineralization, cell proliferation, and adhesion.image
Endurance neuromuscular electrical stimulation training improves skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in individuals with motor‐complete spinal cord injury
Authors: Erickson Melissa L. , Ryan Terence E. , Backus Deborah , McCully Kevin K. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in skeletal muscle atrophy, increases in intramuscular fat, and reductions in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. Endurance training elicited with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may reverse these changes and lead to improvement in muscle metabolic health. Methods: Fourteen participants with complete SCI performed 16 weeks of home‐based endurance NMES training of knee extensor muscles. Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, muscle composition, and blood metabolic and lipid profiles were assessed pre‐ and post‐training. Results: There was an increase in number of contractions performed throughout the duration of training. The average improvement in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity was 119%, ranging from –14% to 387% (P = 0.019). There were no changes in muscle composition or blood metabolic and lipid profiles. Conclusion: Endurance training improved skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, but endurance NMES of knee extensor muscles did not change blood metabolic and lipid profiles. Muscle Nerve 55: 669–675, 2017
Air filled, including “air‐charged,” catheters in urodynamic studies: does the evidence justify their use?
Authors: Abrams Paul , Damaser Margot S. , Niblett Philip , Rosier Peter F.W.M. , Toozs‐Hobson Philip , Hosker Gordon , Kightley Robert , Gammie Andrew 
Published: August 2016

AimsAir filled catheters (AFCs) have been actively marketed for the past few years and in some geographic areas are widely used. However, as the scientific basis for introduction of this technology for pressure measurement in urodynamics was not clear, a study group examined the evidence.MethodsA search of the peer reviewed literature was carried out.ResultsFour papers were identified, of which two were laboratory experiments and two were clinical papers, in female patients, that compared the pressures recorded by AFCs and those recorded using the traditional water filled catheters (WFCs). These data show that there are differences between the pressures measured by the two types of catheters. As yet, the reasons for these differences are not clear.ConclusionsThere should be further systematic laboratory and clinical research before AFCs can be recommended for routine clinical use. We would recommend that a professional worldwide multidisciplinary scientific society, such as the International Continence Society, should work with manufacturers and regulatory bodies to ensure that this urodynamic method is properly scientifically evaluated, in the wider interests of patient safety.
Rapid lipid a structure determination via surface acoustic wave nebulization and hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry algorithm
Authors: Yoon Sung Hwan , Liang Tao , Schneider Thomas , Oyler Benjamin L. , Chandler Courtney E. , Ernst Robert K. , Yen Gloria S. , Huang Yue , Nilsson Erik , Goodlett David R. 
Published: August 2016

RationaleSurface acoustic wave nebulization (SAWN) is an easy to use sample transfer method for rapid mass spectrometric analysis. A new standing wave (SW) SAWN chip, with higher ionization efficiency than our previously reported design, is used for rapid analysis of lipids.MethodsThe crude, yet fast, Caroff protocol was used for lipid A extraction from Francisella novicida. SW‐SAWN with a Waters Synapt G2S quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer was used to generate lipid A ions. Quadrupole collision‐induced dissociation (Q‐CID) of lipid A at varying CID energies was used to approximate the ion trap MSn data required for our hierarchical tandem mass spectrometry (HiTMS) algorithm. Structural hypotheses can be obtained directly from the HiTMS algorithm to identify species‐specific lipid A molecules.ResultsSW‐SAWN successfully generated ions from lipid A extracted from Francisella novicida using the faster Caroff method. In addition, varying collision energies were used to generate tandem mass spectra similar to MS3 and MS4 spectra from an ion trap. The Q‐CID spectra are compatible with our HiTMS algorithm and offer an improvement over lipid A tandem mass spectra acquired in an ion trap.ConclusionsCombining SW‐SAWN and Q‐CID enabled more structural assignments than previously reported in half the time. The ease of generating spectra by SAWN tandem MS in combination with HiTMS interpretation offers high‐throughput lipid A structural analysis and thereby rapid detection of pathogens based on lipid fingerprinting. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An automatic tuner with short experiment and probabilistic plant parameterization
Authors: Soltesz Kristian , Mercader Pedro , Baños Alfonso 
Published: August 2016

SummaryA novel automatic tuning strategy is proposed. It is based on an experiment of very short duration, followed by simultaneous identification of LTI model parameters and an estimate of their error covariance. The parametric uncertainty model is subsequently exploited to design linear controllers with magnitude bounds on some closed‐loop transfer function of interest, such as the sensitivity function. The method is demonstrated through industrially relevant examples. Robustness is enforced through probabilistic constraints on the
norms of the sensitivity function, while minimizing load disturbance integral error to ensure performance. To demonstrate the strength of the proposed method, identification for the mentioned examples is carried out under a high level of measurement noise. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivity of κ(P)‐Alkenylphosphane Rhodium(III) and Iridium(III) Complexes toward Nucleophilic Reagents
Authors: Martínez de Salinas Sara , Sánchez‐Sordo Irene , Díez Josefina , Pilar Gamasa M. , Lastra Elena 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe reactivity of the complexes [RhCl2(η5‐C5Me5){κ(P)‐Ph2P(CH2)2CH=CH2}] (1), [MCl2(η5‐C5Me5){κ(P)‐R2PCH2CH=CH2}] (M=Rh, R=Ph (3 a), iPr (3 b); M=Ir, R=Ph (4 a), iPr (4 b)) towards various nucleophilic reagents (carbon‐donor, nitrogen‐donor and phosphorus‐donor) in the presence of a halogen abstractor has been studied. The rhodium e iridium complexes undergo metal coordination of the ligand (L=CNR, CO, Py, P(OPh)3) to give the new cationic complexes [MCl(η5‐C5Me5)(L){κ(P)‐R2P(CH2)nCH=CH2}][BPh4] (M=Rh, Ir; L=CNR, CO, Py, P(OPh)3) (5‐19 a,b). However, the reaction with phosphanes follows a different way depending on the metal. While the rhodium complexes 3 a,b give the expected products [RhCl(η5‐C5Me5)(L){κ(P)‐R2PCH2CH=CH2}][BPh4] (20 a,b, 21 a and 22 a), the iridium complex 4 a suffer addition of the phosphane to the C=C affording the complexes [IrCl(η5‐C5Me5){κ2(P,C)‐Ph2PCH2CH(PR ’Ph2)CH2}][BPh4] (R ’ = Me (23 a), Ph (24 a)).
A new model for the analysis of the structural/mechanical performance of concrete structures affected by DEF – Case study of an existing viaduct
Authors: Omikrine Metalssi Othman , Kchakech Badreddine , Lavaud Stéphane , Godart Bruno 
Published: August 2016

AbstractConcrete construction is becoming increasingly complex and the importance of producing structures that are both cost effective and durable in the long term has never been higher. Therefore, an understanding of concrete durability is considered fundamental to determine the service life of new or existing structures. However, at present a significant number of existing concrete structures and bridges have already been deteriorated by a chemo‐mechanical process known as Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF). This phenomenon causes expansion of the affected concrete, generally leading to cracking and a decrease of its mechanical properties. The disease or deterioration mechanism therefore induces serious problems regarding serviceability, sustainable operation and structural integrity, which makes it necessary to apply predictive models able to re‐assess the mechanical state of the affected structures. In this way, chemo‐mechanical modelling must be performed considering the influence of humidity, stiffness reduction and stress in the development of expansion.The elaborated 3D model was applied to an existing viaduct affected by DEF. The displacements and stresses were computed based on the experimental data obtained from the in‐situ measurements. The computed results highlight the relationship between the saturation degree and the expansion. Finally, comparisons between different calculations with and without considering the anisotropy of expansion and stiffness reduction are presented and discussed.
Elevated direct bilirubin: Possible predictors for pseudoaldosteronism: Case–control study
Authors: Yoshino Tetsuhiro , Nakamura Haruka , Sano Megumi , Horiba Yuko , Nakamura Tomonori , Watanabe Kenji 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAimPseudoaldosteronism is a known side‐effect of licorice, and Japanese traditional Kampo medicine is one of the major areas of use of licorice in Japan. Multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) dysfunction is important for pseudoaldosteronism. Congenital deficiency of Mrp2 causes constitutional jaundice with elevated direct bilirubin. Hence, elevated direct bilirubin can be a biomarker of Mrp2 dysfunction. The relationship between pseudoaldosteronism and elevated direct bilirubin, however, has not been studied as yet. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the relationship between elevated direct bilirubin and hypokalemia, an important characteristic of pseudoaldosteronism.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included patients who first visited the Kampo Clinic at Keio University Hospital between May 2008 and March 2015. Inclusion criteria were Kampo formulas including licorice prescribed for >2 weeks, and availability of laboratory data on direct bilirubin and change in serum potassium.ResultsData from 243 patients (57 men, 186 women) were used in the analysis. Mean age was 52.0 ± 16.2 years. Hypokalemia was noted in three patients (1.3%), among whom elevated direct bilirubin was noted in two (0.9%). The remaining patient with hypokalemia was diagnosed with pseudo‐Bartter's syndrome because of loop diuretic use. The remaining 240 patients had neither hypokalemia nor elevated direct bilirubin (
P
= 0.0001, Fisher's exact test).ConclusionElevated direct bilirubin is an important predictor of pseudoaldosteronism.