bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraflagellar transport is required for the maintenance of the trypanosome flagellum composition but not its length
Authors: Fort Cécile , Bonnefoy Serge , Kohl Linda , Bastin Philippe 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is required for construction of most cilia and flagella. Here, we used electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and live video microscopy to show that IFT is absent or arrested in the mature flagellum of Trypanosoma brucei upon RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of IFT88 and IFT140, respectively. Flagella assembled prior to RNAi did not shorten, showing that IFT is not essential for the maintenance of flagella length. Although the ultrastructure of the axoneme was not visibly affected, flagellar beating was strongly reduced and the distribution of several flagellar components was drastically modified. The R subunit of the protein kinase A was no longer concentrated in the flagellum but was largely found in the cell body whereas the kinesin 9B motor was accumulating at the distal tip of the flagellum. In contrast, the distal tip protein FLAM8 was dispersed along the flagellum. This reveals that IFT also functions in maintaining the distribution of some flagellar proteins after construction of the organelle is completed.
Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrageneric classification of Scleria (Cyperaceae) based on three DNA markers
Authors: Bauters Kenneth , Asselman Pieter , Simpson David A. , Muasya A. Muthama , Goetghebeur Paul , Larridon Isabel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe genus Scleria (Cyperaceae), with ca. 250 species, is placed in the monotypic tribe Sclerieae. It has a primarily pantropical distribution. Previously, infrageneric classifications have been proposed but none has been based on molecular phylogenetic evidence and most studies have treated the genus from only one geographical region. In this study, DNA portions from 101 species of Scleria from across its distributional range and all infrageneric groups were extracted and amplified for three molecular markers: the coding chloroplast marker ndhF, the chloroplast intron rps16 and the nuclear ribosomal region ITS. Phylogenetic hypotheses were constructed using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood approaches. Additionally, ancestral states of four morphological characters were reconstructed at important nodes using the program BayesTraits. A new infrageneric classification based on molecular evidence and supported by morphology is presented. Scleria is confirmed as monophyletic and sister to tribe Bisboeckelereae. A subdivision of Scleria into four subgenera (S. subg. Browniae, S. subg. Hypoporum, S. subg. Scleria, S. subg. Trachylomia) is supported by our results. In this paper, twelve major clades are recovered within Scleria subg. Scleria. Clear morphological diagnostic features match these clades. Ancestral state reconstruction indicates that androgynous spikelets, a zoniform hypogynium, a paniculate inflorescence with staminate and subandrogynous spikelets, and normal linear leaves are ancestral in Scleria. Androgynous spikelets are found in the three first‐branching subgenera, while in S. subg. Scleria an evolutionary shift towards subandrogynous and strictly unisexual spikelets is noted. Hypogynia are generally well developed with the exception of S. subg. Hypoporum, where the hypogynium is reduced or even lost. Inflorescences in Scleria vary from short, densely paniculate and pyramidal to subcapitate, only in S. subg. Hypoporum a glomerate‐spicate inflorescence is found. The pseudopremorse leaf habit arose only once within S. subg. Scleria. Scleria sect. Scleria shows a reversal to normal leaf tips.
Report of the Special Committee on By‐laws for the Nomenclature Section
Authors: Knapp Sandra , Turland Nicholas J. , Barkworth Mary E. , Barrie Fred R. , Fortunato Renée H. , Gandhi Kanchi , Gereau Roy E. , Greuter Werner , Herendeen Patrick S. , Landrum Leslie R. , Mabberley David J. , Marhold Karol , May Tom W. , Moore Gerry , Arce Lourdes Rico , Smith Gideon F. , Thiele Kevin , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Special Committee on By‐laws for the Nomenclature Section was established at the XVIII International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Melbourne in 2011, with the mandate to formalize the procedures by which changes to the Code are considered and voted upon by the Nomenclature Section, and to report to the XIX IBC in Shenzhen in 2017. With the wider participation of the community in nomenclature in general, and to address some past contentious issues in particular, the need for a clearer set of rules for management of the Nomenclature Section had surfaced. In light of this, the Committee conducted extensive negotiations and discussions on a wide range of governance topics, which are here summarized in the Committee's report. We propose the adoption of a new and greatly expanded version of Division III of the Code. This report provides the supporting documentation for the proposal that is also published in this issue (Knapp & al. in Taxon 65: 661–664. 2016). It is necessary that the two documents be read alongside each other.
Familial classification of the Boraginales
Authors: Luebert Federico , Cecchi Lorenzo , Frohlich Michael W. , Gottschling Marc , Guilliams C. Matt , Hasenstab-Lehman Kristen E. , Hilger Hartmut H. , Miller James S. , Mittelbach Moritz , Nazaire Mare , Nepi Massimo , Nocentini Daniele , Ober Dietrich , Olmstead Richard G. , Selvi Federico , Simpson Michael G. , Sutorý Karel , Valdés Benito , Walden Genevieve K. , Weigend Maximilian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Boraginales are now universally accepted as monophyletic and firmly placed in Lamiidae. However, a consensus about familial classification has remained elusive, with some advocating recognition of a single, widely variable family, and others proposing recognition of several distinct families. A consensus classification is proposed here, based on recent molecular phylogenetic studies, morphological characters, and taking nomenclatural stability into consideration. We suggest the recognition of eleven, morphologically well‐defined and clearly monophyletic families, namely the Boraginaceae s.str., Codonaceae, Coldeniaceae fam. nov., Cordiaceae, Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, Hoplestigmataceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae, Namaceae, and Wellstediaceae. Descriptions, synonomy, a taxonomic key, and a list of genera for these eleven families are provided, including the new family Coldeniaceae (monogeneric) and Namaceae (segregated from Hydrophyllaceae and comprising Nama, Eriodictyon, Turricula, and Wigandia), the latter necessitating a revised circumscription of a more morphologically coherent Hydrophyllaceae.
CORRELATION OF BEARING FRICTION ASSEMBLIES WITH ABRASIVE WEAR OF THEIR TRIBO-COUPLING
Authors: Шец Сергей , Shets Sergey , Сакало Владимир , Sakalo Vladimir , Суслов Анатолий , Suslov Anatoly 
Published: June 2016

To ensure wear resistance of all tribo-couplings of a bearing assembly at the expense of the abrasive wear decrease it is necessary the solution of problems connected with the impermeability of their movable joints. In this case by the impermeability we imply a process of sealed “wall” formation which is able to separate reliably volumes with different environments at considerable changes of external factors of environment: temperature, dustiness, aggressiveness and others.
The contact of two hard surfaces of tribo-coupling of the “shaft-seal” type forms a system of cavities, capillaries of an arbitrary shape and contact patches. Under the action of pressure difference on separate capillaries arise leaks.
The depressurization of bearing friction assemblies (leak moment) results in the decrease of wear rate of tribo-coupling of “shaf-tseal” type, but a wear rate of other tribocouplings such as “ringsolid of rolling motion”, for frictionless bearings or “shaft-bushing” for friction bearings increases because of abrasive penetration into a contact area. The penetration of quartz particles (pollutions) through a sealing into a bearing assembly results in the increase of a constant of friction and initiation of abrasive wear in tribocouplings of “ringsolid of rolling motion” and “shaftbushing” types. The wear rate of “ringsolid of rolling motion” and “shaftbushing” couplings depends on the abrasive concentration in lubricant and a leak at the outlet from the bearing assembly. For the wear resistance increase in tribo-couplings of bearing assemblies it is necessary not only to increase the hardness of contact surfaces, ensure optimum roughness, select materials in tribo-couplings, but also to ensure the impermeability and lubricant keeping in a friction area.
CONDITION DEFINITION FOR APPLICATION OF UNIFORM BRAKE RIGGING WITH CYLINDERS (BCR) IN BRAKE SYSTEMS OF FRIGHT EIGHT-WHEEL CARS
Authors: Синицын Владимир , Sinitsyn Vladimir , Кобищанов Владимир , Kobishchanov Vladimir 
Published: June 2016

The application of BCR (brake cylinders with the built-in regulator of rod output manufactured by Transpneumatics Co.) in a brake actuator in fright eightwheel cars with separate drives located in areas of car trucks is promising. Such a layout as is well known allows increasing fright car carrying capacity at the expense of an undercar area clearing. But the application of such systems for different types of cars is limited with design peculiarities of cars and a considerable scatter of reduction ratios.
The paper reports the consideration of a possibility for the location of a brake system with the BCR both in car truck areas, and on a car truck for a maximum possible quantity of car types. The limitations on the proportions of a lightweight and carrying capacity for fright cars operated in the RF in which the applica-tion of a uniform brake system is possible. The use of a cylinder in a brake system with the location on a car truck as a system least dependent on design peculiari-ties of cars is offered. The BCR-10-85 cylinder is cho-sen as one of the most possible variants of brake cy-linders.
A possibility of the application of a uniform rigging with the BCR-10-85 cylinder for cars with pressure control in cylinders with the aid of an auto-mated mode and application in a rigging of one or two holes for reduction ratio changes is defined. For cars having no possibility for pressure control in cylinders with the aid of an automated mode there is obtained a substantial quantity of reduction ratios depending on individual characteristics (lightweight and carrying capacity) of cars that does not allow using a uniform rigging.
AUTOMATION OF OPTIC INSPECTION CONTROL AT QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF PRINTED CIRCUIT ASSEMBLY SOLDERING
Authors: Аверченков Владимир , Averchenkov Vladimir , Самсоненко Александр , Samsonenko Aleksandr 
Published: June 2016

The development of methods of designing and assembling electronic units on circuit boards with the use of surface assembling techniques (SAT) became one of the priority fields. The product optic control is the most common method of control carried out by specialized equipment, an automated optic inspection (AOI). On the basis of the fulfilled analysis of technical solutions on the organization of inspections of different manufacturers and according to the test results in practice of some variants there was offered a circuit including the following equipment layout: a set of chambers, a system of linear displacement, a controller, a computer and software.
The optical inspection software can be divided into the software of management and the software of control. The former serves for the computation of a control signal, the comparison of coordinates of equipment (with physical (F), imported (C) and in-spected (P)) interpretation of coordinates, interpolation and so on. The software of control contains modules: of data import from Gerberfile, the identification of board images obtained from the chamber, of the com-putation and comparison of identified components with a standard, of the analysis defects and the definition of a defect type, of database (DB) filling, of the interaction with a user.
The system described in comparison with foreign analogues has a smaller set of options, but solves a problem of control under conditions of enterprises manufacturing electronics of the second class (according to IPCA-610 Standard “Criteria for Electronic Assemblage Acceptance).
NEUROCOMPUTER MODELING OF CONTACT RIGIDITY
Authors: Тихомиров Петр , Tikhomirov Petr , Лемешева Елена , Lemesheva Elena , Булхов Николай , Bulkhov Nikolay , Атрощенко Анна , Atroshchenko Anna , Измеров Михаил , Izmerov Mikhail 
Published: June 2016

Contact rigidity of a joint is one of the main criteria of operability of forest cars. It defines vibration activity and durability of the tightened bolted connections therefore its assessment will allow to predict behavior of technical systems. In work the technique of an assessment of contact rigidity by means of the nerocomputer modeling allowing to consider parameters of quality of a blanket is presented. Results of re-searches allowed to receive mathematical models for contact rigidity.
In the paper there is presented a procedure of contact rigidity estimate with the aid of neurocomputer modeling. A contact rigidity of a joint is one of the basic criteria of machine and mechanism capacity for work. It defines vibration activity and strength of tightened bolted connections therefore its estimate will allow forecasting the behavior of technical systems. Neurocomputer modeling is a promising method allowing taking into account quality parameters of a surface layer of machinery at the analysis of a deformed state.
SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROCESSING CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
Authors: Шинаков Кирилл , Shinakov Kirill , Рытов Михаил , Rytov Mikhail , Голембиовская Оксана , Golembiovskaya Oksana , Чиркова Ксения , Chirkova Kseniya 
Published: June 2016

Confidential information processing in information systems under conditions of the universal informatization in both stateowned and private companies is an urgent problem.
Many operators processing a trade secret or per-sonal data underestimate possible damage caused by the disclosure, deletion or change of confidential in-formation and afterwards become victims either of deliberate criminals or suits of workers whose rights were violated. In such a way, the safety risk assessment of confidential information processed in information systems is a priority trend both for an operator and for a subject of confidential information. As a result of the investigation carried out there was developed a procedure for risk assessment of information systems processing confidential information in which it is possible to define and process a critical group of threats, and also a system for the definition of sufficient and the best set of countermeasures among possible ones. At the intermediate and final stage there is defined a significance of an information safety risk witnessing of measures carried out for the assurance of confidential information safety.
Activity and expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with early steroid and disease modifying antirheumatic drugs naïve rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Grujic Milica , Matic Ivana Z. , Crnogorac Marija Djordjic , Velickovic Ana Damjanovic , Kolundzija Branka , Cordero Oscar J. , Juranic Zorica , Prodanovic Slavica , Zlatanovic Maja , Babic Dragan , Damjanov Nemanja 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background:
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) plays an important role in T cell activation and immune regulation, however the role of this enzyme in early rheumatoid arthritis (eRA) has not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to determine the serum activity of DPPIV, its expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and to examine possible correlations with disease activity (DAS28) in untreated patients with eRA.

Methods:
The study included 50 patients newly diagnosed with RA, who had not received any corticosteroid or disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) therapy and whose conventional radiographs of hands and feet showed no structural damage. The control group consisted of 40 healthy volunteers. Also, 30 patients with chronic RA (cRA) were examined. The serum activity of DPPIV was determined by the direct photometric method, while expression of CD26 on PBMC was determined using flow cytometry.

Results:
Decreased DPPIV serum activity was detected in patients with eRA and cRA compared to the control group (p=0.024, p<0.0001, respectively). Although, the percentage of overall CD26+ white blood cells (WBC) was significantly decreased in eRA patients (p<0.001), the percentage of CD26+ lymphocytes and monocytes and mean fluorescence intensity of CD26 on these cells in eRA patients showed no significant difference compared to healthy volunteers. DAS28 showed no significant correlation with CD26 expression or DPPIV serum activity, but a significant inverse correlation between the duration of symptoms and DPPIV serum activity was observed.

Conclusions:
Our results show that a decrease in DPPIV serum activity, but not CD26 expression, is present in an early stage of rheumatoid arthritis.
Moral dilemmas in professions of public trust and the assumptions of ethics of social consequences
Authors: Dubiel-Zielińska Paulina 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The aim of the article is to show the possibility of applying assumptions from ethics of social consequences when making decisions about actions, as well as in situations of moral dilemmas, by persons performing occupations of public trust on a daily basis. Reasoning in the article is analytical and synthetic. Article begins with an explanation of the basic concepts of “profession” and “the profession of public trust” and a manifestation of the difference between these terms. This is followed by a general description of professions of public trust. The area and definition of moral dilemmas is emphasized. Furthermore, representatives of professions belonging to them are listed. After a brief characterization of axiological foundations and the main assumptions of ethics of social consequences, actions according to Vasil Gluchman and Włodzimierz Galewicz are discussed and actions in line with ethics of social consequences are transferred to the practical domain. The article points out that actions in professional life are obligatory, impermissible, permissible, supererogatory and unmarked in the moral dimension. In the final part of the article an afterthought is included on how to solve moral dilemmas when in the position of a representative of the profession of public trust. The article concludes with a summary report containing the conclusions that stem from ethics of social consequences for professions of public trust, followed by short examples.
Education for active goodness
Authors: Vacek Pavel 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The present paper focuses on the interconnection and the impact of broader social events responsible for shaping the character of the young in the context of developments in both post-communist countries and the European Union as a whole. The attention of the paper is devoted to the changing perceptions of liberty in relation to a high standard of living in European countries and the need to promote moral education comprehensively, with regard to having a balanced impact on the development of moral knowing and moral feeling. Further, the paper offers an analysis of dimensions that determine moral actions and character accents, considered to be essential to convey in order to encourage the moral development of pupils. Finally, the paper ends with a presentation of the conditions that should help the ethical development of active goodness in the young generation.
Inhibition of interleukin-3- and interferon- α-induced JAK/STAT signaling by the synthetic α-X-2′,3,4,4′-tetramethoxychalcones α-Br-TMC and α-CF3-TMC
Authors: Jobst Belinda , Weigl Julia , Michl Carina , Vivarelli Fabio , Pinz Sophia , Amslinger Sabine , Rascle Anne 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The JAK/STAT pathway is an essential mediator of cytokine signaling, often upregulated in human diseases and therefore recognized as a relevant therapeutic target. We previously identified the synthetic chalcone α-bromo-2′,3,4,4′-tetramethoxychalcone (α-Br-TMC) as a novel JAK2/STAT5 inhibitor. We also found that treatment with α-Br-TMC resulted in a downward shift of STAT5 proteins in SDS-PAGE, suggesting a post-translational modification that might affect STAT5 function. In the present study, we show that a single cysteine within STAT5 is responsible for the α-Br-TMC-induced protein shift, and that this modification does not alter STAT5 transcriptional activity. We also compared the inhibitory activity of α-Br-TMC to that of another synthetic chalcone, α-trifluoromethyl-2′,3,4,4′-tetramethoxychalcone (α-CF3-TMC). We found that, like α-Br-TMC, α-CF3-TMC inhibits JAK2 and STAT5 phosphorylation in response to interleukin-3, however without altering STAT5 mobility in SDS-PAGE. Moreover, we demonstrate that both α-Br-TMC and α-CF3-TMC inhibit interferon-α-induced activation of STAT1 and STAT2, by inhibiting their phosphorylation and the expression of downstream interferon-stimulated genes. Together with the previous finding that α-Br-TMC and α-CF3-TMC inhibit the response to inflammation by inducing Nrf2 and blocking NF-κB activities, our data suggest that synthetic chalcones might be useful as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunomodulatory agents in the treatment of human diseases.
A personal journey with matrix metalloproteinases
Authors: Nagase Hideaki 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
I was given the honor of delivering the 2015 Lifetime Membership Award lecture at the International Proteolysis Society’s annual meeting held in Penang, Malaysia in October 2015. It gave me an opportunity to look back on how I started my research on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and how I continued to work on these proteinases for the next 42 years. This is a series of sketches from the personal journey that I took with MMPs, starting from the purification of metalloproteinases, cloning, structural studies, then to a more recent encounter, endocytic regulation of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases.
Direction of Causality Between Financial Development and Economic Growth. Evidence for Developing Countries
Authors: Borlea Sorin Nicolae , Mare Codruta , Achim Monica Violeta , Puscas Adriana 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The results of extensive studies that analyzed the existence and meaning of correlations between the economic growth and the financial market development lead us to a more thorough study of these correlations. Therefore, we performed a broad study of the developing countries from around the world (the developing part of each region constructed by the World Bank through its Statistics Bureau). The regions taken into analysis were: Europe and Central Asia, South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, the Arab world, Latin America & and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa. For comparison purposes, we have also included in the sample the North American countries, the Euro Area and the European Union as a whole, because these last three areas are the main benchmarks of the financial markets. The results are consistent with those from previous studies on the subject and vary depending on region and financial indicator considered.