bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The seasonal variation of Tibetan Convective Systems: Satellite observation
Authors: Hu Liang , Deng Difei , Gao Shouting , Xu Xiangde 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBased on International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Convection Tracking Database (CTD) data set, a new definition for the Tibetan Convective System (TCS) is introduced, in which the effects of cirrus and cirrostratus are excluded from the TCS over this region. 2032 TCSs are selected to study their seasonal variations in initiation, frequency, spatial distribution, life cycle, cloud physics, precipitation, and dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics. It is found that the number of TCSs varies seasonally, with the maximum in July and minimum in December. The 10%, 8%, 9%, and 73% TCSs are originated from Tibetan shear, vortex, low, and the rest, respectively. TCSs play an important role in the precipitation of the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent regions. Even in winter, the rainfall of TCS contributes up to 70% of the total precipitation over the central‐eastern Tibetan Plateau and 30%–70% over Sichuan basin and upper‐middle segment of Yangtze River basin. The seasonal changes of TCSs' cloud properties from ISCCP indicate that the strongest TCSs happen in summer and the weakest in winter, which are consistent with the seasonal variation of TCSs' rainfall observed by TRMM. Besides, TCSs show an asymmetric dynamic and thermodynamic distribution, especially in summer.
Resolution and domain‐size sensitivity in implicit large‐eddy simulation of the stratocumulus‐topped boundary layer
Authors: Pedersen Jesper G. , Malinowski Szymon P. , Grabowski Wojciech W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAs a complement to measurements, numerical modeling facilitates improved understanding of the complex turbulent processes in the stratocumulus‐topped boundary layer (STBL). Due to limited computational resources simulations are often run at too coarse resolutions to resolve details of cloud‐top turbulence and potentially in computational domains too small to account for the largest scales of boundary layer circulations. The effects of such deficiencies are not fully understood. Here the influence of resolution/anisotropy of the computational grid and domain size in under‐resolved implicit large‐eddy simulation of the STBL is investigated. The performed simulations are based on data from the first research flight of the DYCOMS‐II campaign. Regarding cloud cover and domain‐averaged liquid water path, simulations with horizontal/vertical grid spacing of 35/5 m, 70/10 m, and 105/15 m are found to agree better with measurements than more computationally expensive simulations with isotropic grid boxes, e.g., with 10/10 m or 15/15 m grid spacing. While decreasing the vertical grid spacing allows more representative simulation of the thin, turbulent, stably stratified interfacial layer between the STBL and the free troposphere, coarsening the horizontal resolution dampens vertical velocity fluctuations in this region and mimics the observed anisotropy of stably stratified small‐scale turbulence near the cloud top. The size of the computational domain is found to have almost no impact on mean cloud properties. However, increasing it from
to
does lead to the occurrence of larger coherent updraft structures. Increasing it further to
shows little or no increase in the updraft size.
Effects of aridity in controlling the magnitude of runoff and erosion after wildfire
Authors: Noske Philip J. , Nyman Petter , Lane Patrick N. J. , Sheridan Gary J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study represents a uniquely high‐resolution observation of postwildfire runoff and erosion from dry forested uplands of SE Australia. We monitored runoff and sediment load, and temporal changes in soil surface properties from two (0.2–0.3 ha) dry forested catchments burned during the 2009 Black Saturday wildfire. Event‐based surface runoff to rainfall ratios approached 0.45 during the first year postwildfire, compared to reported values <0.01 for less arid hillslopes. Extremely high runoff ratios in these dry forests were attributed to wildfire‐induced soil water repellency and inherently low hydraulic conductivity. Mean ponded hydraulic conductivity ranged from 3 to 29 mm h−1, much lower than values commonly reported for wetter forest. Annual sediment yields peaked at 10 t ha−1 during the first year before declining dramatically to background levels, suggesting high‐magnitude erosion processes may become limited by sediment availability on hillslopes. Small differences in aridity between equatorial and polar‐facing catchments produced substantial differences in surface runoff and erosion, most likely due to higher infiltration and surface roughness on polar‐facing slopes. In summary, the results show that postwildfire erosion processes in Eucalypt forests in south‐east Australia are highly variable and that distinctive response domains within the region exist between different forest types, therefore regional generalizations are problematic. The large differences in erosion processes with relatively small changes in aridity have large implications for predicting hydrologic‐driven geomorphic changes, land degradation, and water contamination through erosion after wildfire across the landscape.
Crustal structure and extension mode in the northwestern margin of the South China Sea
Authors: Gao Jinwei , Wu Shiguo , McIntosh Kirk , Mi Lijun , Liu Zheng , Spence George 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCombining multi‐channel seismic reflection and gravity modeling, this study has investigated the crustal structure of the northwestern South China Sea margin. These data constrain a hyper‐extended crustal area bounded by basin‐bounding faults corresponding to an aborted rift below the Xisha Trough with a subparallel fossil ridge in the adjacent Northwest Sub‐basin. The thinnest crust is located in the Xisha Trough, where it is remnant lower crust with a thickness of less than 3 km. Gravity modeling also revealed a hyper‐extended crust across the Xisha Trough. The postrift magmatism is well developed and more active in the Xisha Trough and farther southeast than on the northwestern continental margin of the South China Sea; and the magmatic intrusion/extrusion was relatively active during the rifting of Xisha Trough and the Northwest Sub‐basin. A narrow continent‐ocean transition zone with a width of ∼65 km bounded seaward by a volcanic buried seamount is characterized by crustal thinning, rift depression, low gravity anomaly and the termination of the break‐up unconformity seismic reflection. The aborted rift near the continental margin means that there may be no obvious detachment fault like that in the Iberia‐Newfoundland type margin. The symmetric rift, extreme hyper‐extended continental crust and hotter mantle materials indicate that continental crust underwent stretching phase (pure‐shear deformation), thinning phase and breakup followed by onset of seafloor spreading and the mantle‐lithosphere may break up before crustal‐necking in the northwestern South China Sea margin.
Dust devil dynamics
Authors: Horton W. , Miura H. , Onishchenko O. , Couedel L. , Arnas C. , Escarguel A. , Benkadda S. , Fedun V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA self‐consistent hydrodynamic model for the solar heating‐driven onset of a dust devil vortex is derived and analyzed. The toroidal flows and vertical velocity fields are driven by an instability that arises from the inversion of the mass density stratification produced by solar heating of the sandy surface soil. The nonlinear dynamics in the primary temperature gradient‐driven vertical airflows drives a secondary toroidal vortex flow through a parametric interaction in the nonlinear structures. While an external tangential shear flow may initiate energy transfer to the toroidal vortex flow, the nonlinear interactions dominate the transfer of vertical‐radial flows into a fast toroidal flow. This secondary flow has a vertical vorticity, while the primary thermal gradient‐driven flow produces the toroidal vorticity. Simulations for the complex nonlinear structure are carried out with the passive convection of sand as test particles. Triboelectric charging modeling of the dust is used to estimate the charging of the sand particles. Parameters for a Dust Devil laboratory experiment are proposed considering various working gases and dust particle parameters. The nonlinear dynamics of the toroidal flow driven by the temperature gradient is of generic interest for both neutral gases and plasmas.
Production and Purification of Recombinant Proteins from Escherichia coli
Authors: Tripathi Nagesh K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDevelopment of successful production strategies for recombinant proteins is a challenging task due to problems associated with the scale‐up of bioprocesses. Recent developments in fermentation technology have provided a suitable platform to produce bioproducts for the development of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines for bacterial, viral and other diseases. A bacterial system is the commonly used expression system for production of recombinant products such as proteins, enzymes, and antibodies. Escherichia coli is one of the most commonly used bacterial hosts for the production of these products. A variety of recombinant proteins has been produced and cultivation studies have been carried out at small scale. However, the majority of the recombinant proteins are not amenable directly to large scale production processes due to various factors. To meet the growing demand of potential bioproducts, there is a need to produce these products in large quantity employing fermentation processes. Development of a suitable purification strategy is yet another important step to recover biologically active products. The present paper reviews the current developments in production and purification of recombinant products from E. coli. The bioproducts obtained after fermentation and purification processes may fulfill the requirements for the development of various diagnostics, therapeutics, or prophylactic agents against different kinds of diseases.
Patterned charring along the contact points of a metallic locket due to lightning strike
Authors: Adil Md Tanveer , Rahman Rumana , Das Soumen 
Published: May 2016

Key Clinical MessageSuperficial cutaneous burns following lightning strike may vary in patterns ranging from linear burns, punctate burns, feathering burns, and thermal burns. Contact with an extrinsic object in the pathway of lightning current can lead to disastrous consequences. The lucky who survive may show bizarre and interesting burn patterns to tell their story.
Polymer‐Derived Silicoboron Carbonitride Foams for CO2 Capture: From Design to Application as Scaffolds for the in Situ Growth of Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Sandra Fabien , Depardieu Martin , Mouline Zineb , Vignoles Gérard L. , Iwamoto Yuji , Miele Philippe , Backov Rénal , Bernard Samuel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA template‐assisted polymer‐derived ceramic route is investigated for preparing a series of silicoboron carbonitride (Si/B/C/N) foams with a hierarchical pore size distribution and tailorable interconnected porosity. A boron‐modified polycarbosilazane was selected to impregnate monolithic silica and carbonaceous templates and form after pyrolysis and template removal Si/B/C/N foams. By changing the hard template nature and controlling the quantity of polymer to be impregnated, controlled micropore/macropore distributions with mesoscopic cell windows are generated. Specific surface areas from 29 to 239 m2 g−1 and porosities from 51 to 77 % are achieved. These foams combine a low density with a thermal insulation and a relatively good thermostructural stability. Their particular structure allowed the in situ growth of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) directly within the open‐cell structure. MOFs offered a microporosity feature to the resulting Si/B/C/N@MOF composite foams that allowed increasing the specific surface area to provide CO2 uptake of 2.2 %.
2,4‐Dinitrophenol‐Catalyzed α‐C(sp3)−H and C(sp)−H Bond Functionalization of Cyclic Amines and Alkynes: Highly Regio‐/Diastereoselective Synthesis of α‐Alkynyl‐3‐Amino‐2‐Oxindoles
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Kaur Banni P. , Chimni Swapandeep S 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA transition‐metal‐ and oxidant‐free DNP (2,4‐dinitrophenol)‐catalyzed atom‐economical regio‐ and diastereoselective synthesis of monofunctionalized α‐alkynyl‐3‐amino‐2‐oxindole derivatives by C−H bond functionalization of cyclic amines and alkynes with indoline‐2,3‐diones has been developed. This cascade event sequentially involves the reductive amination of indoline‐2,3‐dione by imine formation and cross coupling between C(sp3)−H and C(sp)−H of the cyclic amines and alkynes. This reaction offers an efficient and attractive pathway to different types of α‐alkynyl‐3‐amino‐2‐oxindole derivatives in good yields with a wide tolerance of functional groups. The salient feature of this methodology is that it completely suppresses the homocoupling of alkynes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a DNP‐catalyzed metal‐free direct C(sp3)−H and C(sp)−H bond functionalization providing biologically active α‐alkynyl‐3‐amino‐2‐oxindole scaffolds.
G‐Quadruplex Supramolecular Assemblies in Photochemical Upconversion
Authors: Mutsamwira Saymore , Ainscough Eric W. , Partridge Ashton C. , Derrick Peter J. , Filichev Vyacheslav V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractParallel, tetramolecular G‐quadruplex (G4) DNA possessing TINA monomer, (R)‐1‐O‐[4‐(1‐pyrenylethynyl)phenylmethyl]glycerol, were synthesised and evaluated in complexes with tris(2,2′‐bipyridine)ruthenium(II), [Ru(bpy)3]2+, and the Zn2+ derivative of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis‐(1‐methyl‐4‐pyridyl)‐21 H,23H‐porphine, ZnTMpyP4. UV/Vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that the use of G4‐DNA as a template resulted in the effective communication between the ligands and the TINA molecule that was covalently attached to the 5′‐end and between T and dG at the 5′‐end of the dTG4T sequence. Only one G4‐DNA possessing the TINA molecule at the 5′‐end of the dTG4T sequence was able to yield a green‐to‐blue photochemical upconversion (PUC, λem=420 nm) in the presence of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ upon excitation at 500 nm. Different DNA secondary structures can thus be used in DNA‐based assemblies for PUC and the way of attachment of chromophores to DNA plays a pivotal role for the creation of a photosynthetic centre.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Circular Dichroism of Tetrahedral Complexes of Iron(III).
Authors: MURAOKA T. , NOZAWA T. , HATANO M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe MCD spectra for the spin‐forbidden d‐d transitions of FeX4 (X: Cl, Br) have been obtained and revealed to have large Faraday Cterm contributions.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Peroxofluoro Complexes. Part 6. Preparation, Vibrational Spectra, and Crystal Structure of (NH4)3Zr(O2)F5.
Authors: SCHMIDT R. , PAUSEWANG G. , MASSA W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compound are grown from an aqueous solution of Zr", H2O2, HF, and NH; at pH 6. The disordered crystal structure is determined (Fmäm, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrocatalysis in Metal Hydride Electrode. Part 2. Hydrogen Electrode Reaction and Related Properties of Group‐IB Metal‐Coated LaNis Electrodes.
Authors: MACHIDA K. , ENYO M. , ADACHI G. , SAKAGUCHI H. , SHIOKAWA J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHydrogen storage type electrodes have been fabricated from LaNi5 powder electroless coated with Cu, Ag or Au.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Crystal Growth of Cs2LiLuCl6‐II and Cs2KScCl6 Under Reducing Conditions and Their Structural Refinement.
Authors: MEYER G. , HWU S.‐J. , CORBETT J. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSingle crystals of the title elpasolites are grown at 500°C, following the reduction of a. ternary Chloride with an alkali metal in arc‐welded Ta containers.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Compounds of Sodium and Potassium with CaCu4P2‐Type Structure.
Authors: WEISE W. , SCHUSTER H.‐U. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Compounds (I)‐(IV) are prepared directly from the elements (1:4:2, corundum crucibles, Ar atmosphere; 1.770 K, 12 h; 2.800 K, 24 h; 3.820 K, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Anodic Oxidation of Amides and Lactams Using N‐Hydroxyphthalimide as a Mediator.
Authors: MASUI M. , HARA S. , OZAKI S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie anodische Oxidation der offenkettigen (I) und cyclischen Amide (III) sowie der N‐Alkyllactame (V) in Gegenwart von N‐Hydroxyphthalimid als Vermittlersubstanz führt in teilweise guten Ausbeuten zu den a‐Oxo‐ Verbindungen (II), (IV), (VI) und (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: A General Approach to Quinone Imine Ketals. Interesting Intermediates for Preparation of 5‐Oxygenated Indoles and Quinone Imines.
Authors: CHEN C.‐P. , SHIH C. , SWENTON J. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei der elektrochemischen Oxidation der Hydrochinonether (I) erhält man die Chinon‐bis‐acetale (II), die nach partieller Hydrolyse zu (III) zu verbrückten Chinoniminacetalen (IV) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Organometallic Reagents in the Presence of Tertiary Amines to Chiral α,β‐Unsaturated Amido Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: SOAI K. , OOKAWA A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe chiral Carboxylic acids (III) react under optimized conditions in the presence of the lithium compounds (IV) and tertiary amines (especially DBU and tetramethylethylenediamine) to give optically active 3‐substituted Carboxylic acids of type (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitutions with o‐ and p‐Fluoronitrobenzenes in Aprotic Solvents.
Authors: NUDELMAN N. S. , CERDEIRA S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractKinetic measurements of the title reaction indicate that the Substitution is not slowed down considerably by bulky amines when the first step is rate‐determining.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Methods. Part 22. Synthesis of Alkyl Azides Using a Polymeric Reagent.
Authors: HASSNER A. , STERN M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe polymeric quaternary ammonium reagent (II), obtained by treating Amberlite IR‐400 with 20% NaN3 solution, is employed to prepare azides such as (III)/(V) from halides or tosylates (I)/ (IV) under mild conditions (order of reactivity: I Br OTos Cl).
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolidine Forming 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of N‐(Phenylthiomethyl)‐α‐amino Acid Esters.
Authors: IMAI N. , NEMOTO M. , TERAO Y. , ACHIWA K. , SEKIYA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie aus den N‐(Phenylthiomethylya‐aminosäureestern (III) durch Eliminierung mit Basen intermediär erzeugten Azomethinylide reagieren mit aktivierten Olefinen (IV) in einer 1,3‐dipolaren Cycloaddition zu den isomeren Pyrrolidinen (V) und (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Multifunctional Photoadditions of Stilbene to Derivatives of Caffeine and Benzothiazole.
Authors: KAUPP G. , RINGER E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractElectronically excited stilbene (II) is trapped by 8‐substituted caffeine derivatives (I) or benzothiazole derivatives (IX), (XIII) with variable results: While the electron‐rich systems (Ic), (Id) produce mostly the propellanes (VIII), the halo compounds (Ia), (Ib) react predominantly via insertion into the C‐halogen bond [‐ (IV)].
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of the Nitrogen Thiocarbonyl Systems. Part 7. Intramolecular Photocycloaddition of 3‐Substituted Dithiosuccinimides: Facile Synthesis and the Crystal Structure of Highly Strained Multicyclic Fused Thietane System.
Authors: ODA K. , MACHIDA M. , AOE K. , NISHIBATA Y. , SATO Y. , KANAOKA Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie 3‐substituierten Dithiosuccinimide (I) und (III) reagieren in einer intramolekularen Photocycloaddition zu hochgespannten, polycyclischen Ringsystemen.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrosation of 1‐Phenyl‐3‐(pyridylmethyl)ureas and the Reactivity of Two Nitrosated Isomers.
Authors: MIYAHARA M. , MIYAHARA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Nitrosierung der l‐Phenyl‐3‐pyridylmethylharnstoffe (I) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: Acylation of Hydroxyethyl Hydrazine by Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides.
Authors: SHEVCHENKO V. V. , VASIL'EVSKAYA G. A. , KLIMENKO N. S. , LOSHKAREVA S. N. , KHRAMOVA T. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reactions between hydrazines and Carboxylic anhydrides are hitherto not well documented.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of α‐Substituted S‐Phenyl Thio Esters from Aldehydes and (Phenylthio)nitromethane.
Authors: BARRETT A. G. M. , GRABOSKI G. G. , RUSSELL M. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhenylthionitromethan (I) reagiert unter alkalischen Bedingungen mit den Aldehyden (II) zu den Addukten (III), die zu den Nitro‐ole?nen (IV) dehydratisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of 1,3‐Distyrylbenzene ‐ A New Route to syn‐[2.2](1,3)Cyclophanes.
Authors: ZERTANI R. , MEIER H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDepending on the reaction conditions, the irradiation of the title compound (I) leads to cyclodimerization [‐ (II) (consisting of stereoisomers A, B, C; discussion)], dehydrogenating cyclization [‐ (III)+(IV)] or a combination of both processes [→ (Va) + (Vb) + (VIa) + (VIb); in addition the products (VIc) and (VII) are obtained by further reaction of (VIa)/(VIb)].
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of o‐Aminothiophenol, Guanidine, Thiourea, Hydrazine Hydrate and Hydroxylamine with Acryloylthiazoles and Microbial Activities of the Reaction Products.
Authors: KULKARNI S. E. , MANE R. A. , INGLE D. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe thiazoles (III) react with a series of amino compounds to yield the heterocycles indicated in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiinflammatory, Analgesic and Antibacterial Activities of 4‐(2′‐Dialkyl/diarylamino‐4′‐phenyl‐5′‐thiazolylcarbonyl)‐3‐arylsydnones.
Authors: BADACHIKAR S. V. , TIKARE R. K. , PURANIK G. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds (III) are tested for their antiinflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Di‐ and Tetrahydropyrans. Part 5. The Ritter Reaction in the Series of Pyran Compounds.
Authors: IBATULLIN U. G. , MUKHAMETOVA D. YA. , MAKAEVA R. M. , SAFAROV M. G. , TOLSTIKOV G. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Ritter‐Reakton der 4‐Methyl‐5,6‐dihydropyrane (I) oder der 4‐Methylen‐tetrahydropyrane (IV) mit den Nitrilen (II) liefert die 4‐Methyl‐ 4‐acylaminotetrahydropyrane (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Coumarin Derivatives. Part 1. Synthesis of Some Substituted Thiazolyl and Benzoxazinyl‐coumarins.
Authors: RAO V. R. , RAO T. V. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStarting from the bromides (I), which in turn are available from the corresponding 3‐acetylcoumarins in very good yields (70‐76%), heterocycle‐substituted coumarins of type (III) and (V) are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (3‐Carboxy‐5‐oxo‐5H‐[1]benzopyrano[2,3‐b]pyridin‐2‐yl)acetic Acid Derivatives, Potential Antiarthritic Agents.
Authors: KUBO K. , UKAWA K. , KUZUNA S. , NOHARA A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch Umsetzung der Benzopyran‐ 3‐carbonitrile (I) mit den Acetondicarbonsäureestern (II) werden die Benzopyranopyridindiester (III) erhalten, die zu den freien Säuren (IV) verseift werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Ring Transformation of Thiazolo[4,5‐g]quinazoline 3‐Oxides into [1,4]Thiazino[3,2‐g]quinazolines by the 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: KANAZAWA H. , TAMURA Z. , SENGA K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Thiazolochinazolin‐3‐oxide (I) reagieren mit Phenylpropinsäureethylester (II) in einer 1,3‐dipolaren Cycloaddition unter Ringerweiterung zu den Thiazinochinazolinen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Azapteridines. Part 2. Spectral, Chromatographic and X‐Ray Crystallographic Studies Concerning the Mode of Covalent Addition to the Pyrazino[2,3‐e]‐as‐triazine Ring System.
Authors: TZENG C.‐C. , RVCHLEWSKA U. , HODGSON D. J. , PANZICA R. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus den Diamino‐as‐triazinen (I) entstehen mit Glyoxal (II) in Gegenwart von Alkoholen (III) die Diol‐monoether (IV), die mit Wasser reversibel zu Diolen (V) verseift werden können.