bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video-assisted extirpation of cranial mediastinal masses in dogs: 18 cases (2009–2014)
Authors: MacIver Melissa A. , Case J. Brad , Monnet Eric L. , Hunt Geraldine B. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Oblak Michelle L. , Runge Jeffrey J. , Singh Ameet , Smeak Daniel D. , Steffey Michele A. , Boston Sarah E. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize clinical findings, surgical procedures, complications, and outcomes in dogs undergoing extirpation of masses from the cranial mediastinum via video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and establish preliminary guidelines for case selection when considering VATS for thymectomy in dogs.
DESIGN Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS 18 client-owned dogs that underwent extirpation of a cranial mediastinal mass by means of VATS at 5 academic referral hospitals from 2009 through 2014.
PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed and data extracted regarding signalment, clinical signs, physical examination findings, diagnostic imaging results, surgical approach and duration, cytologic and histologic examination results, complications, outcome, and cause of death, when applicable.
RESULTS 16 dogs had a thymoma, 1 had thymic anaplastic carcinoma, and 1 had hemangiosarcoma. Seven had both megaesophagus and myasthenia gravis. Median approximate tumor volume was 113.1 cm3 (interquartile range, 33.5 to 313.3 cm3). Median duration of VATS was 117.5 minutes (interquartile range, 91.5 to 136.3 minutes). Conversion to an open thoracic surgical procedure was required for 2 dogs, 1 of which died during surgery. Median survival time following VATS for dogs with thymoma and concurrent myasthenia gravis and megaesophagus was 20 days. Dogs with thymoma without paraneoplastic syndrome survived for ≥ 60 days, and none of these dogs died of disease-related causes.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE VATS appeared to be an acceptable approach for extirpation of masses from the cranial mediastinum in dogs under certain conditions. Dogs with myasthenia gravis and megaesophagus had a poor postoperative outcome.
Aktivitas Hepatoprotektor Batang Fibraure tinctoria Lour Secara In Vivo
Authors: Fikriah Ika 
Published: May 2017

Study on Fibraurea tinctoria Lour (FT) stems gives information about its traditional utility as yellow fever treatment. Research of antecedent of FT stem proved that inhibited lipid peroxidation more effective than tocopherol acetate. These study was intended to prove hepatoprotector activity of ethanolic FT stem extract by in vivo. FT stem extract was macerated using absolute ethanol during 5 days that was repeated 3 times . FT stem extract hepatoprotector activity by in vivo was tested using carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity on Wistar rat. They were given FT stem extract orally once a day at dose 50, 100, and 200 mg/kgBW and Curcumin at dose 50 mg/KgBW as positive control. After 10 days, all groups were examined liver function (SGOT, SGPT, ALP), liver Malonedialdehide (MDA) level by Thiobarbituric acid method, and liver histopathology by Haemotoxylin-Eosin staining. Group that induced by CCl4 showed significant elevation of SGOT, SGPT and ALT also Liver MDA than group control. FT stem extract treatment inhibited elevation of SGOT, SGPT, ALT and Liver MDA significantly.Qualitative histopathological examination on Group 2 showed extensive fibrosis and necrosis, along with periportal PMN and lymphocyte infiltration. FT stem extract treatment inhibited pathological change that was induced by CCl4. Dose elevation showed tendency of stronger inhibition on liver cell tissue destruction and inflammation.
Key words: Fibraurea tinctoria, hepatoprotector, in vivo

Abstrak
Penelusuran secara etnobotani, batang Fibraurea tinctoria Lour (FT) digunakan untuk obat sakit kuning. Penelitian pendahuluan batang FT berkemampuan meredam peningkatan lipid peroksidasi secara in vitro yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan tokoferol asetat. Membuktikan khasiat ekstrak etanol batang FT sebagai hepatoprotektor secara in vivo. Batang FT dimaserasi dengan etanol absolut selama 3 x 5 hari. Uji hambatan kerusakan hati secara in vivo digunakan model tikus yang diinduksi karbon tetraklorida (CCL4), ekstrak etanol FT diberikan dengan dosis 50, 100, 200 mg/KgBB sekali sehari dan curcumin dosis 50 mg/KgBB sebagai kontrol positif selama 10 hari lalu diperiksa fungsi hati (serum SGOT, SGPT dan ALP), kadar malondialdehida hati (MDA-hati), serta pemeriksaan patologi anatomi hati dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE). Kelompok tikus yang diinduksi CCl4 memperlihatkan peningkatan nilai SGOT, SGPT dan ALT dan MDA-Hati secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pemberian ekstrak etanol batang FT secara oral dapat melemahkan peningkatkan nilai SGOT, SGPT dan ALT serta dapat menghambat peningkatkan nilai MDA-Hati pada tikus yang diinduksi CCl4 secara bermakna. Hasil pemeriksaan PA menunjukkan fibrosis dan nekrosis yang luas disertai infiltrasi sel-sel PMN dan limfosit di daerah periportal pada kelompok tikus yang diinduksi CCl4 > Curcumin > FT 50 > FT 100 > FT 200 mg/KgBB.
Kata Kunci: Fibraurea tinctoria, Hepatoprotektor, in vivo
Beberapa Tumbuhan Obat Asal Kalimantan Timur sebagai Sumber Saponin Potensial
Authors: Rijai Laode 
Published: May 2017

Saponin is a class of natural compounds that have activity that is strongly associated with utilization in pharmacy. Exploration has been carried out against a number of secondary metabolite content of medicinal plants in East Kalimantan and some of them found to contain saponins. Plants were found to contain saponins and are considered potential Kokang leaf (Lepisanthes amoena), Kesumbakeling leaf (Bixa orellana, L), Belimbing Wuluh leaf (Averrhoa bilimbi L.), Sugi Gadjah leaf (Hyptis capitata), Karamunting leaf (Melastoma malabathricum L), Cempedak bark (Artocarpus champeden), Wijaya Kusuma leaf (Epiphyllum oxipetalum), Langsat seeds (Lansium domesticum), ekor kucing leaf (Acalypha hispida), Kelor bark (Moringa oleifera), Jarong leaf (Stachytarpheta mutabilis), Miana leaf (Coleus atropureus), Jengger Ayam leaf (Celosia cristata), and fruit of Libo (Ficus vargelata).
Key words : East borneo medicinal plants, saponins

Abstrak
Saponin adalah golongan senyawa alami yang memiliki aktivitas yang sangat terkait dengan pemanfaatan dalam bidang farmasi. Telah dilakukan eksplorasi kandungan metabolit sekunder terhadap sejumlah tumbuhan obat yang ada di Kalimantan Timur dan beberapa diantaranya terbukti mengandung saponin. Tumbuhan-tumbuhan yang terbukti mengandung sponin dan dianggap potensial adalah daun Kokang (Lepisanthes amoena), daun Kesumbakeling (Bixa orellana, L), daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.), daun Sugi Gadjah (Hyptis capitata), daun Karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum L), kulit batang Cempedak (Artocarpus champeden), daun Wijaya Kusuma (Epiphyllum oxipetalum), biji Langsat (Lansium domesticum), daun ekor kucing (Acalypha hispida), Kulit Batang Kelor (Moringa oleifera), daun Jarong (Stachytarpheta mutabilis), daun Miana (Coleus atropureus), daun Jengger Ayam (Celosia cristata), buah Libo (Ficus vargelata).
Kata Kunci: Tumbuhan Obat Kaltim; Saponin
AS INTERFACES ENTRE O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS E A PSICOLOGIA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO: A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE VIGOTSKI
Authors: De Oliveira Luiza Rodrigues , Sbano Valmir , Latini Rose Mary 
Published: May 2017

Este artigo discute interface entre o Ensino de Ciências e um de seus fundamentos, a Psicologia do Desenvolvimento. De forma geral, o conceito de desenvolvimento humano vem sendo apresentado como processo de estruturação psicológica da infância até a fase adulta, definição que remete à psicologia produzida a partir do modelo da sociedade moderna, que acentua a concepção de natureza humana individual e universal. Uma abordagem do Ensino de Ciências está associada a este modelo, que valoriza a investigação sobre os mecanismos universais do funcionamento psicológico no processo de construção de conhecimento, produzindo práticas educativas que negam as diferenças entre os sujeitos no processo de desenvolvimento. E, além disso, produzindo um panorama da aprendizagem científica que propõe que no desenvolvimento intelectual da criança não há interação entre os conceitos espontâneos e os conceitos científicos, mas antes uma fronteira, entre as idéias criadas por um desenvolvimento mental prévio à realidade, oriundo das operações psicológicas universais, e as concepções científicas. Estudamos o desenvolvimento psicológico a partir de outra vertente teórica acerca dos vínculos entre o cultural e o universal, a abordagem histórico-cultural. A psicologia de Vigotski descreve o desenvolvimento como um processo que acontece na inserção do homem na cultura, o que leva a compreensão da subjetividade como sendo a produção da singularidade ao longo da história coletiva. Esta ênfase epistemológica engendra novo modo de entender a formação das funções psicológicas superiores e, consequentemente, a formação dos conceitos, prevendo uma relação dialética entre os conceitos espontâneos e os conceitos científicos.
Inhomogeneities and the Modeling of Radio Supernovae
Authors: Björnsson C.-I. , Keshavarzi S. T. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Observations of radio supernovae (SNe) often exhibit characteristics not readily accounted for by a homogeneous, spherically symmetric synchrotron model; e.g., flat-topped spectra/light curves. It is shown that many of these deviations from the standard model can be attributed to an inhomogeneous source structure. When inhomogeneities are present, the deduced radius of the source and, hence, the shock velocity, is sensitive to the details of the modeling. As the inhomogeneities are likely to result from the same mechanism that amplify the magnetic field, a comparison between observations and the detailed numerical simulations now under way may prove mutually beneficial. It is argued that the radio emission in Type Ib/c SNe has a small volume filling factor and comes from a narrow region associated with the forward shock, while the radio emission region in SN 1993J (Type IIb) is determined by the extent of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability emanating from the contact discontinuity. Attention is also drawn to the similarities between radio SNe and the structural properties of SN remnants.
The Weakly Nonlinear Magnetorotational Instability in a Local Geometry
Authors: Clark S. E. , Oishi Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The magnetorotational instability (MRI) is a fundamental process of accretion disk physics, but its saturation mechanism remains poorly understood despite considerable theoretical and computational effort. We present a multiple-scales analysis of the non-ideal MRI in the weakly nonlinear regime—that is, when the most unstable MRI mode has a growth rate asymptotically approaching zero from above. Here, we develop our theory in a local, Cartesian channel. Our results confirm the finding by Umurhan et al. that the perturbation amplitude follows a Ginzburg–Landau equation. We further find that the Ginzburg–Landau equation will arise for the local MRI system with shear-periodic boundary conditions, when the effects of ambipolar diffusion are considered. A detailed force balance for the saturated azimuthal velocity and vertical magnetic field demonstrates that, even when diffusive effects are important, the bulk flow saturates via the combined processes of reducing the background shear and rearranging and strengthening the background vertical magnetic field. We directly simulate the Ginzburg–Landau amplitude evolution for our system, and demonstrate the pattern formation our model predicts on long scales of length- and timescales. We compare the weakly nonlinear theory results to a direct numerical simulation of the MRI in a thin-gap Taylor Couette flow.
Outcome Measures Used in Arthroplasty Trials: Systematic Review of the 2008 and 2013 Literature
Authors: Richards Bethan L. , Wall Peter D.H. , Sprowson Andrew P. , Singh Jasvinder A. , Buchbinder Rachelle 
Published: May 2017

Objective.Previously published literature assessing the reporting of outcome measures used in joint replacement randomized controlled trials (RCT) has revealed disappointing results. It remains unknown whether international initiatives have led to any improvement in the quality of reporting and/or a reduction in the heterogeneity of outcome measures used. Our objective was to systematically assess and compare primary outcome measures and the risk of bias in joint replacement RCT published in 2008 and 2013.Methods.We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL for RCT investigating adult patients undergoing joint replacement surgery. Two authors independently identified eligible trials, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane tool.Results.Seventy RCT (30 in 2008, 40 in 2013) met the eligibility criteria. There was no significant difference in the number of trials judged to be at low overall risk of bias (n = 6, 20%) in 2008 compared with 2013 [6 (15%); chi-square = 0.302, p = 0.75]. Significantly more trials published in 2008 did not specify a primary outcome measure (n = 25, 83%) compared with 18 trials (45%) in 2013 (chi-square = 10.6316, p = 0.001). When specified, there was significant heterogeneity in the measures used to assess primary outcomes.Conclusion.While less than a quarter of trials published in both 2008 and 2013 were judged to be at low overall risk of bias, significantly more trials published in 2013 specified a primary outcome. Although this might represent a temporal trend toward improvement, the overall frequency of primary outcome reporting and the wide heterogeneity in primary outcomes reported remain suboptimal.
Vers une approche créative des politiques territorialisées d’innovation : enseignements tirés de la lecture néo-autrichienne de la « découverte entrepreneuriale »
Authors: Héraud Jean-Alain 
Published: May 2017

Les politiques d’innovation, de nos jours souvent territorialisées, correspondent au moins implicitement à des visions de ce qu’est le processus d’innovation, voire à des fondements théoriques précis ( policy rationale ). Pour jeter un regard critique sur ces politiques, nous proposons de revenir sur les grands auteurs, particulièrement Schumpeter et Hayek, afin de comprendre la nature profonde de cet acte créatif. Il nous semble très réducteur de penser l’innovation sur le seul plan de l’économie de la connaissance, d’où notre volonté d’insister sur la dimension entrepreneuriale du phénomène et d’en tirer des conclusions politiques. Pour cela, une relecture de la littérature néo-autrichienne est utile. Elle permet de comprendre le concept de découverte entrepreneuriale qui est cité (sans trop de commentaires) dans les textes fondateurs de la politique européenne de « smart specialization » des régions. Nous concluons sur la nécessité de révéler puis de s’appuyer sur des porteurs de projets dans les territoires.
Risque et sérendipité du recrutement : de l’intérêt de la détection des HQI dans l’embauche des nouveaux managers
Authors: Mouillot Philippe , Drillon Dominic 
Published: May 2017

Malgré la sophistication certaine des méthodes de recrutement, nulle place est accordée à l’intelligence en tant que variable mesurée de la richesse du potentiel d’un(e) candidat(e) ou d’un(e) employé(e) ; tout au moins est-elle considérée par certains DRH et entrepreneurs sur une base sérendipitaire, c’est-à-dire accidentelle, sans pour autant en assurer une exploration et une exploitation ultérieures autres que marginales. L’intelligence est pourtant une ressource illimitée de créativité et de polyvalence. A ce titre, elle mérite sans doute d’être positionnée comme variable discriminante positive, que ce soit à l’embauche ou bien à la promotion. Les personnes surdouées fonctionnent certes sur des schémas uniques, néanmoins compatibles avec la plupart des procédures managériales, leur différence étant principalement la vitesse à laquelle elles suggèrent des solutions aux défis soulevés. Notre recherche propose donc de présenter et de valoriser la surdouance de manière à suggérer une mutation des méthodologies de recrutement au travers de mesures quantitatives, ceci afin de limiter les risques d’erreur tout en optimisant la rencontre de systèmes analytiques de réflexion à la fois synergiques et polytechniques. Egalement, elle suggère que l’intelligence ne soit plus seulement une ressource accidentelle ou cachée mais bien un fer de lance de la fonction RH de demain, que ce soit en termes de développement des outils de sélection ou de valorisation de la diversité. Pour cela, nous présentons ici les concepts d’intelligence et de surdouance, puis nous discutons la pertinence pour la fonction RH d’apporter un crédit discriminant à la capacité intellectuelle d’un(e) candidat(e) ou d’un(e) employé(e) lorsque la surdouance est détectée. Nous envisageons notamment la contribution de l’intelligence supérieure à l’organisation à l’aide de l’élaboration de filtres complémentaires aux huit étapes qui jalonnent traditionnellement l’action de recrutement issus de nos entretiens avec des experts RH, psychologues du travail, recruteurs, DRH, consultants de l’APEC et dirigeants.
Management des compétences et évolution du positionnement stratégique sur le marché du bâtiment
Authors: Ruat Thibault 
Published: May 2017

Le marché du bâtiment, qui représente 10 % du produit intérieur brut français, n’est pas épargné par la crise. La baisse continue de son activité économique depuis 2008 impacte les entreprises du secteur et notamment les organisations de maîtrise d’œuvre qui se retrouvent contraintes à faire évoluer leur positionnement stratégique sur le marché pour pallier la diminution des commandes. Mais cette évolution subie apparaît souvent en inadéquation avec les compétences internes. Elle renforce les importantes difficultés économiques et sociales de ces structures, mises en évidence par des recherches récentes (Ruat, 2012 ; Zardet, Delattre & Petit, 2012). L’étude a été réalisée à partir d’une méthodologie de recherche-intervention auprès de 23 terrains de recherche. Elle s’attache à identifier comment l’amélioration d’un management des compétences peut aider les organisations de maîtrise d’œuvre à mieux cibler les évolutions de positionnement stratégique à adopter sur le marché du bâtiment afin d’améliorer leur performance économique et sociale.
Evaluation of the Role of Monocular Video Game Play as an Adjuvant to Occlusion Therapy in the Management of Anisometropic Amblyopia
Authors: Singh Archita , Sharma Pradeep , Saxena Rohit 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the role of monocular video game play as an adjuvant to occlusion therapy in the treatment of anisometropic amblyopia.

Methods:
In a prospective randomized study design, 68 children with ages ranging from 6 to 14 years who had anisometropic amblyopia with a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the amblyopic eye of better than 6/36 and worse than 6/12 and no manifest strabismus were recruited. They were randomly allocated into two groups: 34 children received 1 hour per day of video game play for the first month plus 6 hours per day of occlusion therapy (video game and occlusion group) and 34 children received 6 hours per day of occlusion therapy alone (occlusion only group). Patients were then evaluated at baseline and 1 and 3 months after treatment for BCVA, stereoacuity, and contrast sensitivity.

Results:

In the video game and occlusion group, BCVA improved from 0.61 ± 0.12 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) at baseline to 0.51 ± 0.14 logMAR (
P
= .001) at 1 month and 0.40 ± 0.15 logMAR (
P
= .001) at 3 months. In the occlusion only group, BCVA improved from 0.65 ± 0.09 logMAR at baseline to 0.60 ± 0.10 logMAR (
P
= .001) at 1 month and 0.48 ± 0.10 logMAR (
P
= .001) at 3 months. There was significantly more improvement in the video game and occlusion group compared to the occlusion only group (
P
= .003 at 1 month and
P
= .027 at 3 months).

Conclusions:
Video game play plus occlusion therapy enhances the visual recovery in anisometropic amblyopia.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(4):244–249.]
Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors for the Development of Glaucoma in Patients With Aniridia
Authors: Balekudaru Shantha , Sankaranarayanan Nandhini , Agarkar Sumita 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To assess the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for the development of glaucoma in patients with aniridia.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of case records of patients diagnosed as having congenital aniridia between January 1986 and December 2011 was performed. Patients with a follow-up of more than 12 months were included.

Results:
Ninety-one patients (180 eyes) with the diagnosis of aniridia were identified from the case records. Two eyes were excluded from the final analysis; one had developed phthisis and the other had been enucleated. Seventy-four patients (81.3%) were younger than 18 years at initial presentation. The prevalence of glaucoma at presentation was 28.8%, which could be further categorized as ocular hypertension in 19 eyes (10.5%) and glaucoma in 33 eyes (18.3%). Thirty-one eyes (28.4%) developed elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) during the follow-up period: ocular hypertension in 23 eyes (17.9%) and glaucoma in 8 eyes (6.25%). The mean IOP at the time of diagnosis was 33.9 ± 8.6 mm Hg (range: 24 to 60 mm Hg). The mean duration of follow-up was 8.1 ± 5.7 years (range: 1 to 28 years). The cumulative probability of developing elevated IOP was 4% at the end of 8 years of follow-up; this increased to 88% at the end of 28 years of follow-up. Univariate logistic regression analysis identified higher baseline IOP (odds ratio [OR]: 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2 to 1.4) and limbal stem cell deficiency (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.4 to 5.6) as significant risk factors for the development of elevated IOP. Higher baseline IOP remained significant on multivariate analysis (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.4).

Conclusions:
Glaucoma occurs in a substantial proportion of patients with aniridia. Eyes with increased IOP at baseline are at a higher risk.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(4):250–255.]
Inability of Open-Field Autorefraction to Eliminate Accommodation in Preschoolers
Authors: Kara Caner , Petriçli İkbal Seza 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the effectiveness of the Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 autorefractometer (Rexxam Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan) (also branded as the Grand Seiko WR-5100K; Grand Seiko Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan) based on the open-field refractometry principle in refractive measurements of preschool children and to determine its ability to eliminate accommodation adequately.

Methods:
The refractive results of 114 preschool children who presented to the ophthalmology outpatient department for screening were evaluated. The measurements were obtained before and after cycloplegia with the Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 autorefractometer and after cycloplegia with retinoscopy, which is the gold standard. The results underwent vectorial transformation to produce the spherical equivalent (M) and two Jackson cross-cylinder (J0 and J45) values. All results were then subjected to statistical analysis. The difference between the measurements was evaluated with repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results:

Included in the study were 106 preschool children (51 boys and 55 girls). The mean age was 5.3 ± 0.9 years (range: 3 to 6 years). Although statistically significantly more myopic results were obtained with non-cycloplegic measurements using the Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 autorefractometer (
P
< .001), no difference was observed in cylindrical values (
P
> .05). Cycloplegic J0 measurements were significantly lower (
P
< .001), but no difference was found between J45 values before and after cycloplegia (
P
> .05).

Conclusions:
The Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001/Grand Seiko WR-5100K open-field autorefractometer seems to be inadequate in eliminating accommodation in childhood. Measurements under cycloplegia continue to be the best method to ensure accurate results.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(5):311–318.]