bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The UK’s Modern Slavery Legislation: An Early Assessment of Progress
Authors: Craig Gary 
Published: June 2017

In 2015, the Westminster UK government introduced a Modern Slavery Act described by its proponents as ‘world-leading’. This description was challenged at the time both inside and outside the UK. Two years on, it is possible to make a preliminary assessment of progress with the Act and its two counterparts in Scotland and Northern Ireland. This article reviews the origins of discussions about modern slavery in the UK, describes the process leading to the passage of the Modern Slavery Act(s) and attempts an early evaluation of its effectiveness. It concludes that much remains to be done to ensure that they achieve their goal of abolishing slavery in the UK.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D and matrix metalloproteinases-2, -9 level in patients with primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma/syndrome
Authors: Beletskaya Inessa S. , Karonova Tatiana L. , Astakhov Sergey Yu. 
Published: June 2017

Aim. To determine serum 25(OH)D and plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG), and pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) to assess potential associations between vitamin D status and the above mentioned diseases.
Methods. We included 238 patients (105 males and 133 females) aged from 55 to 75 years. One hundred twenty two patients had PEG, 46 patients had POAG, 32 had PES. 38 subjects were healthy, and were considered as the control group. Cases with clinically significant systemic diseases and concomiatant eye diseases were excluded, if there was a confirmed pathogenic impact of vitamin D and MMP. The serum 25(OH)D level was investigated by immunochemiluminescence method, plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels by ELISA.
Results. Serum 25(OH)D level was between 4.6 and 82.25 nM/l (mean 41.7 nM/l), so most participants showed vitamin D deficiency. It was shown that mean serum 25(OH)D level in patients with PEG, POAG and PES was similar (39.3 1.2, 38.8 2.1 and 40.51 2.4 nM/l, p 0.05), but it was lower than those in the control group (52.7 2.1 nM/l, p 0.01). Plasma MMP-2 concentration was the same in all study groups. Plasma MMP-9 level was higher in POAG and PES patients (48.23 3.26 and 54.01 3.57 ng/ml) than in the control group (32.60 2.34 ng/ml, p 0.001) and in patients with PEG (40.86 3.60 ng/ml, p 0.05). We found positive correlations between MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in patients with PEG (r = 0.48, p = 0.001) and patients with POAG (r = 0.43, p = 0.003). The correlation analysis showed also a negative relation between 25(OH)D and MMP-9 (r = 0.32, p = 0.02), as well as MMP-2 (r = 0.33, p = 0.02) in patients with POAG.
Summary. Study results confirmed a potential role of vitamin D in apoptosis regulation and tissue remodeling in patients with POAG and PES. Hence, vitamin D deficiency can be considered as a risk factor for glaucoma development.
Research of Mitomycin-C saturation in dacryocystorhinostomy osteotomy site tissue
Authors: At´kova Evgeniya L. , Root Anna O. , Krahoveckiy Nikolay N. , Yartsev Vasiliy D. , Yartsev Stepan D. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction. Mitomycin-C is an alkylating antibiotic used to prevent excessive scar formation in the dacryostoma area after dacryocystorhinostomy. In vitro studies proved its inhibition effect on fibroblast growth in 0.2 mg/ml concentration. Up to date, clinical data on its efficacy remain contradictory.
Aim. To evaluate the concentration of Mitomycin-C in nasal cavity and lacrimal sac mucosa after topical application and to determine the clinical efficacy of this procedure.
Materials and methods. 30 patients with nasolacrimal duct obliteration underwent an endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. At the end of the surgery, at the osteotomy site, a sponge soaked in Mitomycin-C 0,2 mg/ml was applied for 3 minutes. Nasal mucosa biopsy was performed immediately after application, in 30 minutes, and at the 1st day after surgery. Biopsy material analysis of was performed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The surgical treatment efficacy was established according to proposed efficacy criteria.
Results. The analysis of Mitomicyn-C concentrations established them to be: 626 176 ng/g tissue immediately after application, 230 61 ng/g tissue in 30 minutes after application. In 24 hours after surgery, there was no Mitomycin-C in the tissue. Surgical efficacy was 86.7%, recurrences were found in 13.3% of cases.
Conclusion. Surgery clinical results coincide with those obtained by other researchers. But chemical investigation showed that Mitomycin-C tissue concentration was lower than that in previous in vitro studies.
MERS: an emerging disease of the 21st century
Authors: Bala Mohamed Osman , Chehab Mohamad Abdel Halim , Selim Nagah Abdel Aziz 
Published: June 2017

Between September 2012 and March 2017, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), caused by an infection with the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV), has been responsible for 1,931 laboratory-confirmed cases and at least 741 related-deaths. Despite the paucity of knowledge on the source and route of transmission, the evidence currently points to dromedary camels. Moreover, the incubation period for this disease ranges from two to sixteen days. The symptomatology of MERS-CoV is non-specific and cases are easily misdiagnosed. As most respiratory illnesses, no specific anti-viral therapies have been effective to date for the treatment of MERS. Currently, the WHO does not advise any travel or trade restrictions regarding MERS-CoV. However, the poor practice of infection control has reflected the association between the healthcare setting and the spike of disease occurrence, especially among patients. Interestingly, the adoption of the “one health” approach is critical to establish a more holistic understanding of this epidemic. Additionally, implementing strategies aimed at risk reduction of animal-to-human transmission, rapid case finding, adequate infection control, and contact tracing are key in the control and prevention of MERS-CoV.
A study on prevalence of myopia among high school children in an urban area of Shivamogga: a cross sectional study
Authors: Kotabal Rajashree , Belur Mangala N. , C. Nandini , Nagendra Kanchan 
Published: June 2017

Background:Blindness is one of the significant social problem in India with uncorrected refractive error as the second major cause accounting for 19.7% of the blindness. Prevalence of myopia in children varies between the countries and it ranges from 7% to 30%. Among all refractive problems myopia is the major cause of disability in children. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and causes of myopia among high school children.Methods:This study was a descriptive Cross sectional study. Present study was conducted among high-school children of 13 - 16 years in an urban area of Shivamogga city of Karnataka state from July- August 2015. With expected frequency of 20%, confidence limit at 5% and confidence level at 95% the total sample size was 246. A pretested questionnaire was used for collection of data. Snellen's chart was used to find out the myopia.Results: The overall prevalence of myopia was found to be 23%. Out of 300 students 16%, 5%, and 1.7% of the students had mild, moderate and sever visual impairment respectively. Conclusions:The prevalence of myopia was higher among high school children in urban area and it was more among girls than the boys. Early diagnosis and correction of the refractive error has to be done to prevent future development of blindness.
Follow up assessment of patients with humeral bridge plate technique with two year period
Authors: Vegad Tushar , Suthar Dipak 
Published: June 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Minimally invasive technique brings together the ease of handling of plates and the relative stability principle of nails. Although there are still only a few studies on this, the initial results have been very satisfactory. The aim of the present study was to report the experience of our shoulder and elbow surgery group relating to treatment of fractures of the humerus, by means of the bridge plate technique, using an anterior route.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study included twenty patients suffering from humerus shaft fracture. The study was done for a total period of two years. The immobilization of the operated shoulder was done till the stitches were removed and average period of the three weeks were kept for immobilization of the shoulder. At the end of the period of immobilization, the patients were asked to perform the active gentle limb range of motion exercises on the basis of their permission of the pain control.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> On the basis of the UCLA score the excellent to good score were found in 16 cases, fair score in rest 4 patients. Less than 5° of valgus angulation intra operatively and on following these patients up, in 4 of the cases the angulation was found to be of acceptable alignment. In the two cases, 5° of varus, angulations was found at the end of one year but it did not affect the functional outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Anterior bridge plating after anterior approach is safe and reproducible option, respects the principles of biological fixation with minimal soft tissue dissection, preserves fracture haematoma and periosteal blood supply, and is more forgiving in comminute fractures of the diaphysis. </p>
Empowerment of Zimbabwean Women through Entrepreneurship an Economic and Social Perspective
Authors: Nhuta Stephen , Mukumba Ellen 
Published: June 2017

<div><p><em>The objectives of the study were to<ins cite="mailto:usr" datetime="2017-03-14T09:40"> </ins>identify socio-economic characteristics of female entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe and to ascertain the relationship between women empowerment in entrepreneurship and economic/social development. The research looked at economic and social independent variables that affect women empowerment in entrepreneurship. Literature covered but not limited to, power in households, decision making, ownership of property, access to capital, networking and freedom of movement. This study adopted a mixed research methodology that combined the positivism and the interpretivism paradigms. With regard to this study, the target population was the female entrepreneurs in Harare, Zimbabwe. </em><em>Non-probability was chosen as the sampling technique for this study because it is quicker, easier and cheaper. Convenience and judgmental sampling techniques shall were employed. The questionnaire was used to collect primary data for this study.</em><em>The study revealed that married female entrepreneurs continue to be absent from the household decision-making that shapes the allocation of the economic and financial resources, which further perpetuates gender inequality. The study also confirmed that education and training as well as previous work experience are important success characteristics for empowerment, required by emerging female entrepreneurs as they start and grow their business. The study also confirmed that the lack of access to capital exacerbated by lack of collateral and high interest rates is one of the major deterrents for empowering women through entrepreneurship. Recommendations include coalition among female entrepreneurs, mentoring schemes and changing entrenched patriarchal cultural norms.</em></p></div>
Renewable Modified Cellulose Bearing Chelating Schiff Base for Adsorptive Removal of Heavy Metal Ions and Antibacterial Action
Authors: Saravanan R. , Ravikumar L. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT: A novel approach toward chemically modified cellulose bearing active chelating Schiff base with hydroxyl group (Cell‐Hy) was synthesized. The modified cellulose was examined for its heavy metal ion uptake potential from aqueous solution. The chemical and structural features of the adsorbent were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), solid state 13C‐NMR, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive analysis of X‐ray (EDAX) observations. The experimental conditions and adsorption parameters, including pH, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and contact time were optimized for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions. Kinetic parameters, equilibrium adsorption capacities, and correlation coefficients for pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, and intraparticle diffusion models were carried out. The data obtained from the adsorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) onto Cell‐Hy were subjected to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Thermodynamic parameters have also been evaluated. The antibacterial activity of modified cellulose was tested toward specific bacterial species.
Perspectives of Family Members on Using Technology in Youth Mental Health Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lal Shalini , Daniel Winnie , Rivard Lysanne 
Published: June 2017

Background
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are increasingly recognized as having an important role in the delivery of mental health services for youth. Recent studies have evaluated young people’s access and use of technology, as well as their perspectives on using technology to receive mental health information, services, and support; however, limited attention has been given to the perspectives of family members in this regard.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of family members on the use of ICTs to deliver mental health services to youth within the context of specialized early intervention for a first-episode psychosis (FEP).

Methods
Six focus groups were conducted with family members recruited from an early intervention program for psychosis. Twelve family members participated in the study (target sample was 12-18, and recruitment efforts took place over the duration of 1 year). A 12-item semistructured focus group guide was developed to explore past experiences of technology and recommendations for the use of technology in youth mental health service delivery. A qualitative thematic analysis guided the identification and organization of common themes and patterns identified across the dataset.

Results
Findings were organized by the following themes: access and use of technology, potential negative impacts of technology on youth in recovery, potential benefits of using technology to deliver mental health services to youth, and recommendations to use technology for (1) providing quality information in a manner that is accessible to individuals of diverse socioeconomic backgrounds, (2) facilitating communication with health care professionals and services, and (3) increasing access to peer support.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is among the first (or the first) to explore the perspectives of family members of youth being treated for FEP on the use of technology for mental health care. Our results highlight the importance of considering diverse experiences and attitudes toward the role of technology in youth mental health, digital literacy skills, phases of recovery, and sociodemographic factors when engaging family members in technology-enabled youth mental health care research and practice. Innovative methods to recruit and elicit the perspectives of family members on this topic are warranted. It is also important to consider educational strategies to inform and empower family members on the role, benefits, and use of ICTs in relation to mental health care for FEP.
Health App Use Among Individuals With Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Survey Study With Thematic Coding
Authors: Rubanovich Caryn Kseniya , Mohr David C , Schueller Stephen M 
Published: June 2017

Background
Researchers have largely turned to commercial app stores, randomized trials, and systematic reviews to make sense of the mHealth landscape. Few studies have approached understanding by collecting information from target end users. The end user perspective is critical as end user interest in and use of mHealth technologies will ultimately drive the efficacy of these tools.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to obtain information from end users of mHealth technologies to better understand the physical and mental health apps people use and for what purposes.

Methods
People with depressive or anxious symptoms (N=176) seeking entry into a trial of mental health and well-being apps for Android devices completed online questionnaires assessing depression and anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), past and current mental health treatment-seeking behavior, overall mobile device use, and use of mobile health apps. Participants reported the physical health and mental health apps on their devices and their reasons for using them. Data were extracted from the participant self-reports and apps and app purposes were coded in order to categorize them.

Results
Participants were largely white, middle-aged females from the Midwest region of the United States recruited via a health care organization and Web-based advertising (135 female, 41 male, mean age 38.64 years, age range 19-75 years.) Over three-quarters (137/176, 77.8%) of participants indicated having a health app on their device. The top 3 kinds of apps were exercise, fitness, and pedometers or heart rate monitoring apps (93/176, 52.8%); diet, food, or calorie counting apps (65/177, 36.9%); and mental health/wellness apps (46/177, 26.1%). The mean number of mobile physical and mental health apps on a participant’s phone was 2.15 (SD 3.195). Of 176 participants, 107 (60.8%) specifically reported the top 5 health apps that they used and their purposes. Across the 107 participants, a total of 285 apps were reported, with 139 being unique apps. The majority of these apps were free (129/139, 92.8%). Almost two-thirds of participants (67/107, 62.6%) reported using health apps at least on a daily basis.

Conclusions
Among those seeking support for their well-being via physical and mental health apps, people are using a variety of health apps. These people use health apps on a daily basis, especially free apps. The most common reason for using a health app is to track some health-related data; for mental health apps specifically, training or habit building was the most popular reason. Understanding the end user perspective is important because it allows us to build on the foundation of previously established mHealth research and may help guide future work in mHealth.

Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02176226; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02176226 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6rGc1MGyM)
The Populations of Carina. I. Decoding the Color–Magnitude Diagram
Authors: Norris John E. , Yong David , Venn Kim A. , Dotter Aaron , Casagrande Luca , Gilmore Gerard 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We investigate the color–magnitude diagram (CMD) of the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy using data of Stetson et al. and synthetic CMDs based on isochrones of Dotter et al., in terms of the parameters [Fe/H], age, and [α/Fe], for the cases when (i) [α/Fe] is held constant and (ii) [α/Fe] is varied. The data are well described by four basic epochs of star formation, having [Fe/H] = −1.85, −1.5, −1.2, and ∼−1.15 and ages ∼13, 7, ∼3.5, and ∼1.5 Gyr, respectively (for [α/Fe] = 0.1, constant [α/Fe], and [α/Fe] = 0.2, 0.1, −0.2, −0.2, variable [α/Fe]), with small spreads in [Fe/H] and age of order 0.1 dex and 1–3 Gyr. Within an elliptical radius 13.′1, the mass fractions of the populations, at their times of formation, were (in decreasing age order) 0.34, 0.39, 0.23, and 0.04. This formalism reproduces five observed CMD features (two distinct subgiant branches of old and intermediate-age populations, two younger, main-sequence components, and the small color dispersion on the red giant branch (RGB). The parameters of the youngest population are less certain than those of the others, and given it is less centrally concentrated, it may not be directly related to them. High-resolution spectroscopically analyzed RGB samples appear statistically incomplete compared with those selected using radial velocity, which contain bluer stars comprising ∼5%–10% of the samples. We conjecture these objects may, at least in part, be members of the youngest population. We use the CMD simulations to obtain insight into the population structure of Carina's upper RGB.
The Young L Dwarf 2MASS J11193254−1137466 Is a Planetary-mass Binary
Authors: Best William M. J. , Liu Michael C. , Dupuy Trent J. , Magnier Eugene A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We have discovered that the extremely red, low-gravity L7 dwarf 2MASS J11193254−1137466 is a 0.″14 (3.6 au) binary using Keck laser guide star adaptive optics imaging. 2MASS J11193254−1137466 has previously been identified as a likely member of the TW Hydrae Association (TWA). Using our updated photometric distance and proper motion, a kinematic analysis based on the BANYAN II model gives an 82% probability of TWA membership. At TWA’s 10 ± 3 Myr age and using hot-start evolutionary models, 2MASS J11193254−1137466AB is a pair of

brown dwarfs, making it the lowest-mass binary discovered to date. We estimate an orbital period of

years. One component is marginally brighter in K band but fainter in J band, making this a probable flux-reversal binary, the first discovered with such a young age. We also imaged the spectrally similar TWA L7 dwarf WISEA J114724.10−204021.3 with Keck and found no sign of binarity. Our evolutionary model-derived

estimate for WISEA J114724.10−204021.3 is ≈230 K higher than for 2MASS J11193254−1137466AB, at odds with the spectral similarity of the two objects. This discrepancy suggests that WISEA J114724.10−204021.3 may actually be a tight binary with masses and temperatures very similar to 2MASS J11193254−1137466AB, or further supporting the idea that near-infrared spectra of young ultracool dwarfs are shaped by factors other than temperature and gravity. 2MASS J11193254−1137466AB will be an essential benchmark for testing evolutionary and atmospheric models in the young planetary-mass regime.
Variable H13CO+ Emission in the IM Lup Disk: X-Ray Driven Time-dependent Chemistry?
Authors: Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Bergin Edwin A. , Öberg Karin I. , Andrews Sean , Wilner David , Loomis Ryan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We report the first detection of a substantial brightening event in an isotopologue of a key molecular ion, HCO+, within a protoplanetary disk of a T Tauri star. The H13CO+

rotational transition was observed three times toward IM Lup between 2014 July and 2015 May with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The first two observations show similar spectrally integrated line and continuum fluxes, while the third observation shows a doubling in the disk-integrated

line flux compared to the continuum, which does not change between the three epochs. We explore models of an X-ray active star irradiating the disk via stellar flares, and find that the optically thin H13CO+ emission variation can potentially be explained via X-ray-driven chemistry temporarily enhancing the HCO+ abundance in the upper layers of the disk atmosphere during large or prolonged flaring events. If the HCO+ enhancement is indeed caused by an X-ray flare, future observations should be able to spatially resolve these events and potentially enable us to watch the chemical aftermath of the high-energy stellar radiation propagating across the face of protoplanetary disks, providing a new pathway to explore ionization physics and chemistry, including electron density, in disks.