bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapitre 1. Historique des missions et des recherches sur l’épave Arles-Rhône 3
Authors: Marlier Sabrina 
Published: January 2018

Chapter 1. A Overview of the campaigns and research on the Arles-Rhône 3 shipwreck
The Arles-Rhône 3 shipwreck was discovered in 2004 during an archaeological mapping operation undertaken by the Drassm in the Rhône at Arles. The wreck was located on the right bank of the river between 4 to 9 m depth and beneath 40 cm to 2 m of sediment that corresponded to layers of port refuse of the Roman city. First assessed in 2005 and 2006, soundings were then taking in 2007 before a programme of excavations was established beginning in 2008 under the joint supervision of archaeologists from the Arkaeos association, the Centre Camille Jullian and the Museum of Arles Antique. Three years of excavation revealed the exceptional state of preservation of this Gallo-Roman barge. It appeared that the hull was almost entirely conserved along with the internal layout for loading and the inner furniture, and thus the General Council of the Bouches-du-Rhône in agreement with the Drassm, has decided that, after excavation, the wreck would be lifted from the site with a view to restoration and eventual public exhibition. The excavation and raising of the barge took place in 2011, carried out by the teams of the Arles Museum of Antiquity, associated to the O’Can and Ipso Facto companies, with the support of the Drassm. In the end, it took 237 days of excavation involving some 5700 dive hours in order to excavate more than 1 000 m3 of the port refuse sediment that enveloped the wreck, of which some 900 m3 were sifted on land as part of the dig. The stratigraphy of the refuse layers in this immediate site was documented and the archaeological material found within was handed over to the Museum of Arles Antique, which now exhibits a part of these collections while the remainder is under study and analysis. After excavation and documentation in situ, the wreck was lifted onto land in ten sections, which were then recorded and surveyed in 3D using a C-Track imaging tool. There then followed a series of treatments in the ARC-Nucléart laboratory in Grenoble involving immersion in PEG solutions, freeze-drying and a complementary treatment by impregnation with a polyester resin and gamma radiation for the bow and mast. Thereafter, the 200-odd pieces of the boat were reassembled by restorers of the Grenoble workshop in collaboration with boilermakers from the Cic-Orio company, while restorers from A-Corros were responsible for the metallic elements of the wreck. The barge is now exhibited as if navigating, with a part of its load, its internal furnishing and sailing gear, within a specially built wing on the Museum of Arles Antique dedicated to the sea-river activities of Arles port in the Roman era.
Chapitre 4. Enfouissement de l’épave et actions de l’homme : dynamisme et état de conservation des vestiges
Authors: Marlier Sabrina , Greck Sandra , Bernard-Maugiron Henri , de Viviés Philippe 
Published: January 2018

Chapter 4. Burial of the wreck and human action : dynamism and state of preservation of the remains
Although the wood of the barge has been deformed or eaten away in places where it suffered greater or lesser damage (splits, cracks etc.) from multiple causes (sinking, burial, lifting, restoration treatment and handling), the overall state of preservation can be considered as good, if not very good. A precise reading and comprehensive study of its architectural characteristics is possible. With the hull being almost complete – the preserved remains represent a little over 93 % of the entire hull – and the ensemble of internal fittings preserved, the Arles-Rhône 3 wreck is probably one of the best preserved inland waterways vessels of antiquity.
Présentation et analyse du système mécanique
Authors: Marlier Sabrina , Poveda Pierre 
Published: January 2018

La découverte d’un mât de halage témoigne du mode de propulsion principal de ce chaland pour remonter le courant. Il s’agit d’une grume en frêne, longue de 3,70 m, qui présente, en hauteur, deux cerclages métalliques vraisemblablement destinés à son haubanage, et une gorge avec des traces de passage du câble de halage. Inséré à travers le banc d’étambrai et dans la varangue-emplanture, il était disposé au tiers avant du chaland afin de rendre le halage efficace. L’hypothèse d’un second mât de dimensions plus importantes doté d’une voile est exclue. En revanche, il est possible qu’une petite voile d’appoint ait pu être gréée sur le mât de halage, lors de vents favorables, pour faciliter la descente.
Si le perchage est considéré comme le complément indissociable du halage, aucun vestige, ni indice en lien avec ce type de propulsion, n’a cependant été retrouvé sur l’épave. Les deux perches retrouvées à la proue sont trop petites pour avoir joué ce rôle propulsif et il pourrait s’agir de perches de sonde, également utilisées dans les manoeuvres ou l’amarrage du bateau.
De même, si des rames ont été utilisées comme compléments à la navigation ou pour assurer les manoeuvres, aucune n’a été retrouvée dans l’épave. Les rames faisant partie de l’armement de bord indispensable à tous bateaux, il est probable que le chaland en ait été doté ; les orifices percés à l’interface des bordés de flanc en demi-tronc et des plats-bords, sur l’avant et l’arrière, permettent de supposer qu’elles aient pu être maintenues aux plats-bords au moyen de cordages.
La pelle de gouverne, ou rame-gouvernail, découverte en 2004 à environ 150 m en aval de l’épave Arles-Rhône 3, a été associée au chaland en raison de la concordance de leur datation et de leurs rapports de proportion. Il s’agit d’une pièce monoxyle en chêne caducifolié de 7,20 m de longueur dont il manque peut-être un peu plus d’ 1 m au niveau de l’extrémité arrière de la pelle qui aurait été arrachée et retaillée. Dans la partie supérieure du manche, un orifice circulaire permettait de recevoir un clavus, non conservé, pour la direction du bateau qui pouvait être assurée, depuis une plateforme située au niveau du plat-bord, soit par rotation axiale, soit par large débattement latéral de la rame.
La vie à bord
Authors: Djaoui David , Greck Sandra 
Published: January 2018

Life on-board.
A living area was provided on-board. Located to aft, between the transom and the helmsman’s post, it included kitchenware and tools. Around the lower section of a dolium re-used as a hearth, there were various ceramics for preparing food (kettles, a mortar) and tableware (bowls, plates) that attested to on-board cooking. A count of this tableware determined the probable presence of three boatmen, one of who had engraved his initials (AT) on the reverse of a plate and on the neck of a jug. Some multi-use tools (billhook, hoe, flat iron) were also used by the boatmen for various chores on board.
L’espace de navigation du chaland et la question de son armement
Authors: Marlier Sabrina 
Published: January 2018

The zone of transport geography of the barge and the question of its outfitting.
While the form of the Arles-Rhône 3 barge seems to fit perfectly the demands of navigation in a strong current, as is found upstream from Arles, its limited load capacity tends to set it within a local economic circuit, in keeping with what we know of its final voyage. Sailing on the lower section of the Rhône, one can imagine the barge being involved in a regular turnaround of goods transport : construction material or any other heavy stuff when heading downstream, and a lighter load, such as livestock (goats and/ or sheeps), grain, salt or bales of wool, when returning upstream from the Camargue. The questions of the outfitting of the barge and of the organisation of its navigation on the river are, however, still unanswered. Likewise, it is impossible to answer the questions about chartering agreements and one can imagine the possibility of a public contractor, with the barge involved in “ public sector work”, or of private contractor, perhaps a (land) owner from Arles. Despite the challenges raised by the Arles-Rhône 3 barge and the various theories that can be put forward, the study of this barge in the end asks the more general question about the economy of water transport on the Rhône in the Roman era. Thus, regarding the transport of materials and other goods on the river, one can imagine a fleet of boats, especially barges, moving up and down stream on more or less short reaches of the river as a function of economic interests and the architectural nature of the boats, and according to the rhythm of the river. There would appear much to be written about the subject.
A complex hierarchical quorum-sensing circuitry modulates phenazine gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Abd El-Aziz Norhan Khairy , Abd El-Hamid Marwa Ibrahim , El-Naenaeey El-sayed Youssef 
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) modulates the expression of a myriad of virulence factors via two complicated hierarchical quorum-sensing (QS) cascade. This study shed light on the interrelation between P. aeruginosa QS systems and pyocyanin production.
Methodology: Transcription analysis of lasR, rhlR, rhlI and phz genes using quantitative real time-reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT–PCR) assay, followed by sequencing of the autoinducer synthase (lasI gene) were applied for 15 P. aeruginosa strains recovered from diverse animal clinical sources.
Results: Expression studies revealed that most P. aeruginosa strains demonstrated statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) with a very wide range of transcript levels of QS and phz genes in comparison to P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. We have identified significant positive correlations (r ≥ 0.3) between the expressions of QS and phz genes in eleven analyzed strains, whereas pyocyanin production positively correlated with the expression of lasR only in three strains (r ≥ 0.6). We further found that there was a negative correlation between the transcript levels of QS and phz genes in one bacterial strain. Analysis of lasI sequences showed point mutations explaining the alterations in pyocyanin expression. The deficiencies of lasI, lasR and rhlI with rhlR-dependent expression of phz in one strain were also recorded.
Conclusions: These results provided new insights to the pivotal role of QS signal molecules on pyocyanin production presenting the las system as the dominant regulator.
Le double étranger : une configuration du lien et de l’identité
Authors: Drweski Philippe 
Published: January 2018

À partir d’une pratique clinique dans des groupes accueillants des patients migrants, je tente d’appréhender la façon spécifique dont la question de l’étranger peut émerger et être traitée au sein de deux dispositifs : un groupe à médiation sensorielle ainsi qu’un psychodrame. Mon hypothèse est que l’étranger est une composante essentielle de l’identité et que ces groupes qui utilisent des canaux complémentaires à la parole sont des lieux de traitement indiqués pour cette clinique. À partir de l’analyse du matériel recueilli selon une méthode d’observation et de prise de notes, il apparaît que cette hypothèse se vérifie mais selon une modalité particulière. L’analyse montre que l’étranger a des effets psychiques sur le groupe (angoisses, mécanismes de défense…). Nous découvrons ici qu’une modalité de traitement consiste à l’utilisation de la représentation du double. C’est par la médiatisation de cette figure que l’étranger peut s’intégrer et devenir familier. Nous arrivons ainsi à la conclusion d’une co-figuration d’un double étranger comme l’incarnation dialectique de l’identité.
Cutting Edge: Homeostasis of Innate Lymphoid Cells Is Imbalanced in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Soare Alina , Weber Stefanie , Maul Lisa , Rauber Simon , Gheorghiu Ana Maria , Luber Markus , Houssni Ismail , Kleyer Arnd , von Pickardt Gero , Gado Manuel , Simon David , Rech Jürgen , Schett Georg , Distler Jörg H. W. , Ramming Andreas 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) have a high potency for cytokine production independent of specific Ag stimulation. Imbalance of ILC subsets may influence cytokine production in humans and hence be associated with the development of inflammatory disease. Evidence for an imbalance of ILC homeostasis in human disease, however, is very limited to date. In this study we show that psoriatic arthritis (PsA), a severe disease of the joints depending on the activation of the IL-23/IL-17 pathway, is characterized by a skewed ILC homeostasis. Circulating ILC3s as potent source of IL-17/IL-22 were elevated in active PsA, whereas ILC2s, which produce proresolving cytokines, were decreased. The ILC2/ILC3 ratio was significantly correlated with clinical disease activity scores and the presence of imaging signs of joint inflammation and bone damage. Multivariable analysis showed that a high ILC2/ILC3 ratio is associated with remission in PsA, suggesting that specific alterations of ILC homeostasis control disease activity in PsA.
Betaine Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting Dendritic Cell–Derived IL-6 Production and Th17 Differentiation
Authors: Yang Cuixia , Lai Weiming , Zhou Jinfeng , Zheng Xinyuan , Cai Yingying , Yang Wanjie , Xie Sirong , Gao Yuan , Du Changsheng 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
IL-17–secreting T cells (Th17 cells) play a pathogenic role in multiple autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), and dendritic cell (DC)-derived cytokines play pivotal roles in promoting the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Th cell subsets (Th1 and Th17). Therefore, small molecules blocking the key cytokines produced by DCs will be beneficial in MS. In this article, we report that betaine treatment ameliorates MS pathogenesis by inhibiting DC-derived IL-6 production and Th17 differentiation. Using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a widely used mouse model of MS, we found that, compared with the vehicle-treated group, betaine-treated mice exhibited less severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis symptoms, including lower clinical scores, reduced leukocyte infiltration, and less extensive demyelination in the CNS. Moreover, a significantly lower percentage of Th17 cells, one of the major pathogenic effector cells in MS progression, was observed in the peripheral immune system and in the CNS. Interestingly, in the in vitro Th17-differentiation assay, no significant change in Th17 cells was observed between the vehicle- and betaine-treated groups, whereas in the in vitro DC culture experiment, betaine treatment significantly decreased DC-derived IL-6 production. In the DC–T cell coculture experiment, a significantly decreased Th17 differentiation was observed upon betaine treatment. All of these data demonstrated that betaine inhibited Th17 differentiation indirectly by reducing IL-6 production by DCs. In brief, our findings demonstrated the pivotal roles of betaine in modulating MS pathogenesis and suggested that it may serve as a potential novel drug candidate for the treatment of MS.
IRF1 Is a Transcriptional Regulator of ZBP1 Promoting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Cell Death during Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Kuriakose Teneema , Zheng Min , Neale Geoffrey , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Innate immune sensing of influenza A virus (IAV) induces activation of various immune effector mechanisms, including the nucleotide and oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat–containing protein family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and programmed cell death pathways. Although type I IFNs are identified as key mediators of inflammatory and cell death responses during IAV infection, the involvement of various IFN-regulated effectors in facilitating these responses are less studied. In this study, we demonstrate the role of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)1 in promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death during IAV infection. Both inflammasome-dependent responses and induction of apoptosis and necroptosis are reduced in cells lacking IRF1 infected with IAV. The observed reduction in inflammasome activation and cell death in IRF1-deficient cells during IAV infection correlates with reduced levels of Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1), a key molecule mediating IAV-induced inflammatory and cell death responses. We further demonstrate IRF1 as a transcriptional regulator of ZBP1. Overall, our study identified IRF1 as an upstream regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome and cell death during IAV infection and further highlights the complex and multilayered regulation of key molecules controlling inflammatory response and cell fate decisions during infections.
Effets de la contamination expérimentale in vitro des embryons de souris et de brebis par Campylobacter fetus
Authors: Guérin Bernard , Builly J. P. , Humblot P. , Nibart M. , Thibier Michel 
Published: January 2018

Effects of Campylobacter fetus in vitro experimental infection of mice and ewes embryos.
A total of 350 ZP-I, days 3-5 mice embryos were collected and subdivided as follows : 184 were exposed to C. fetus ss fetus compared to 46 controls (non contaminated) and 182 exposed to C. fetus ss venerealis compared to 48 controls.
In addition, 164 ZP-I, day 6 sheep embryos were collected and contaminated with C. fetus ss fetus compared to 51 control embryos.
The mice embryos were submitted for 48 hours at 37°C to a range of 0.01-100 IDso and the sheep embryos to a range of 0.1-100 ID50. After 48 hours, the non-degenerated embryos were washed, homogeneized and then cultured simultaneously to the washing fluids for search of Campylobacter fetus.
After 48 hours, a dose-effect on the survival rate of the embryos (p < 0.001) and a duration-effect (p < 0.01) of the contamination are shown both for mice and sheep embryos for the two species of Campylobacter fetus.
No Campylobacter fetus either in mice or sheep were isolated in the last washing mediums nor in the homogeneized embryos.
Épidémiologie de la leishmaniose cutanée dans le sud du Maroc et dans le sud-est de l’Arabie
Authors: Petter Francis 
Published: January 2018

Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniosis in southern morocco and in eastern Arabia.
In southern Morocco as in eastern Arabia, new socio-economic conditions combinated with exceptional environmental factors are responsible of the ecological desequilibrium which determines an epidemy of leishmaniosis.
In southern Morocco most active people have left their traditional cultiva¬ tion areas when rodents are no longer managed and give rise to pullulations.
In Arabia the quick extension of a town in a Psammomys community leads to the same results.
Maladies respiratoires chroniques et tabagisme
Authors: Voisin C. , Degreef J. M. 
Published: January 2018

Chronic respiratory diseases related to tabagism
Chronic obstructive lung diseases (COPD) — including chronic bronchitis and emphysema — are an important and increasing public health problem, in which cigarette smoking has been identified as the main responsible factor. Clinical and epidemiological investigations have indicated a strong dose-response relation between COPD and the number of cigarettes smoked per day, the earliness of smoking initiation and the depth of smoke inhalation. In addition, passive inhalation of tobacco smoke may have adverse effects on the respiratory function in children and adolescents, particularly in asthmatics.
Experimental studies have demonstrated that tobacco smoke induced inflammatory changes in bronchial mucosa, with ciliary dysfunction and excessive mucus secretion, favouring bacterial colonization and bronchial infection. In the lower respiratory tract of smokers, alveolar macrophages demonstrate many metabolic and functional alterations, with increase in superoxide anion production, neutrophil chemotactic activity and protease secretion, leading to an imbalance between proteases, especially elastase, and alpha 1 protease inhibitor. These changes in alveolar macrophage activities result in alveolar wall damage and enlargement of the distal air spaces. Further research is needed to identify the effects of tobacco smoke components on the respiratory tract, and to evaluate preventive approaches.
Encéphalite à rouget (Erysipélothrix rhusiopathiae), chez le cheval
Authors: Vaissaire Josée , Plateau Éric , Gillet J. P. , Laroche Micheline , Mirial Ginette 
Published: January 2018

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae encephalitis in a horse.
The authors report the case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae encephalitis in a horse, this germ is unfrequently described in this specie. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae serotype 2 is involved in this case, most communly found in the others domestic and wild animals species. The animal has been found dead in meadow in the abounding area.
Epidermolyse bulleuse jonctionnelle léthale chez le cheval de trait en France
Authors: Gourreau Jean-Marie , Feillou C. , Morand M. , Courreau J.-F. , Duperé A.-M. , Alliot A. 
Published: January 2018

Cinq cas d'épidermolyse bulleuse jonctionnelle léthale (Epitheliogenesis imperfecta) ont été diagnostiqués au début de l’année 1989 dans deux races de cheval de trait en France.
Les études anatomocliniques, ultra-structurales et génétiques montrent qu’il s’agit d'une affection héréditaire à déterminisme autosomal récessif analogue à l’épidermolyse bulleuse jonctionnelle léithale décrite par Herlitz chez l'homme car le clivage de la jonction dermo-épidermique se situe au-dessus de la basale, au sein de la Lamina lucida. Il s'agit des premiers cas de cette maladie décrits chez le cheval en France.
Le statut des animaux d’expérience. II. La mise en œuvre du décret du 19 octobre 1987
Authors: Seynave René Lucien , Wintergest Jacques 
Published: January 2018

Les dispositions du décret du 19 octobre 1987 sont précisées et complétées par trois arrêtés interministériels du 19 avril 1988 et mises en œuvre dans la pratique administrative depuis août 1988.
A leur demande, d’une part les expérimentateurs utilisant des animaux vertébrés vivants sont autorisés au vu de leur compétence, d’autre part, les laboratoires sont agréés si leurs installations, leur fonctionnement, le nombre et la qualification de leurs personnels répondent aux exigences réglementaires.
Une personne autorisée ne peut pratiquer que dans un laboratoire agréé.
Les Vétérinaires Inspecteurs du Ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Forêt assurent les contrôles.
La Commission Nationale de l'Expérimentation Animale aide à la définition d’une politique de l’utilisation des animaux à des fins expérimentales.
L’ensemble de ces mesures prises pour protéger les animaux contre les mauvais traitements ou les utilisations abusives rejoignent les préoccupations d’amélioration de la qualité des expériences, développées notamment dans les Bonnes Pratiques de Laboratoires en Toxicologie.
L’encéphalite spongiforme bovine (E.S.B.) en Europe
Authors: Savey Marc , Parodi André-Laurent , Maillot Marie-Christine 
Published: January 2018

The bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Europe.
The authors summarise the informations concerning B.S.E. in Great-Britain. They describe measures implemented by United Kingdom and other countries of E.E.C. to protect human and animal health. They propose a methodology to investigate clinical case of B.S.E. which could occurred in France.