bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Byron and the Lake Poets
Authors: Bainbridge Simon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis essay examines Lord Byron’s response to the poetry, politics, and personas of the Lake Poets: William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey. It explores Byron’s career-long sense of rivalry, admiration, and opposition towards the Lakers and how these responses influenced his own works and his poetic identity. It argues that Byron sought to define himself and his poetry against this trio of poets, presenting himself as a poet of oceans rather than lakes, as a man of the world, and as a writer of global subject matter and importance. It discusses Byron’s critique of the Lakers for misdirecting their poetic talents through their chosen subject and styles of writing, as well as for betraying the liberal causes they had espoused in their early careers. It concludes with discussions of Don Juan and The Vision of Judgment as the brilliant culminations of Byron’s complex engagement with the Lake Poets.
Byron’s Works in Visual Art
Authors: Kenyon Jones Christine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractByron was by far the most heavily illustrated poet of his day, and this chapter studies the cultural contexts for both the illustrations made and printed during Byron’s lifetime and the visual response to his work in the decades after his death. It demonstrates the illustrations’ (not always positive) effect on the reception of Byron’s work. It shows how the subjects chosen by the first illustrators were reiterated by successive generations of artists, narrowing viewers’ perceptions of the range and depth of the poetry. It also demonstrates the way in which illustrations which made his protagonists look like Byron himself contributed to the way in which Byron was identified with the creations of his imagination. It pays particular attention to the illustrations commissioned by John Murray during Byron’s lifetime from Thomas Stothard and Richard Westall, and to the later work of J. M. W. Turner, Ford Madox Brown, and Eugène Delacroix.
Byronle diableThe Byronic Hero and the Demonic in Music from Berlioz to Tchaikovsky
Authors: Pal-Lapinski Piya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractByron’s influence on nineteenth- and twentieth-century European composers was considerable. Byron’s works not only influenced opera, but also important symphonic works and lieder. Works shaped particularly by Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage and Manfred were composed against the background of revolutionary upheavals in Europe, as the absolutist vision of the Vienna Congress (which had suppressed nationalist struggles) began to fragment. This chapter looks at ways in which musical transformations of Byronic texts, and the persona of the Byronic Hero, particularly as manifested in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage and Manfred, expressed ideas that significantly shaped the intersecting convergences of Romanticism, aesthetics, and the post-Napoleonic historical moment. It argues that Berlioz, Schumann, Liszt, Meyerbeer, Wagner, Tchaikovsky, and Anton Rubinstein reconstructed Byronism as an element of ‘demonic’ contingency that disrupts narratives of identity and history.
Byron and Nationalism
Authors: Procházka Martin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractByron’s poetry, drama, and thought differ widely from the ideologies of ethnic or ethnocultural nationalism that emerged during his lifetime and culminated before the mid-nineteenth century. In spite of this, Byron’s work was appropriated by a number of nationalist movements in nineteenth-century Europe. This contradiction is traced to the paradoxical relationship between poetry and politics in his life and work. This chapter focuses first on the contrasting representations of Scotland and England in Byron’s early poems in Hours of Idleness. The second part analyses the representations of Greece in Canto II of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage and The Giaour, demonstrating how they subvert Greek nationalist imagery. The third part discusses the dilemma of Byron’s ‘national identity’ as presented in Canto X of Don Juan (1823), which incorporated a satirical image of contemporary Britain. The chapter’s epilogue presents an example of the nationalist reception of Byron in the nineteenth-century Czech emancipation movement, showing how the image of the poet as an alien intruder in the Czech national community connects local ethnocentric nationalism with its other far more violent and extreme manifestations.
Byron’s ‘Dramatic Monologues’The Prisoner of Chillon,Mazeppa, ‘The Lament of Tasso’, andThe Prophecy of Dante
Authors: Beatty Bernard 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter considers a new grouping of Byron’s works under the theme of the ‘dramatic monologue’. It tackles four poems in pairs: The Prisoner of Chillon and Mazeppa, which follow ostensibly ordinary characters placed in extreme circumstances, enacting a fundamental change of consciousness; ‘The Lament of Tasso’ and The Prophecy of Dante that explore the imprisonment of two poets and their claims to outwit their present humiliating moment through creative acts. Despite the differences in the two pairings, the chapter argues that the group can be considered together because they are united by Byron’s interrogation of the idea that long experience of any sort, without necessarily our seeking or an exertion of will, can make us what we are. In the process, the chapter argues, the characters of the four monologues gain a new receptivity beyond the constrictions of personal will. Their commonality is found in seeing the four poems as sustained enquiries into the relationship of human life with non-human life and the relationship between the time-bound person and his unbound creative powers of mind.
Byron and the Theatre Conjuring the Amphitheatre of Poetry, Press, and Provocation
Authors: Simpson Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Capitalizing on the ructions prompted by his ceremonial address at Drury Lane Theatre in October 1812, Byron wrote ‘Parenthetical Address, by Dr Plagiary’. This essay will argue that this rapidly published parody projects an encompassing poetic amphitheatre, wherein every related action and publication that led to its composition is framed as part of a rolling show. It will also argue that these quick, tense, hilarious dynamics between theatre and press might be read retrospectively as an early model for how Byron’s later epic satire Don Juan ‘amphitheatrically’ provokes, anticipates, and masters the responses of reviewers and readers. As instalments of Don Juan are published serially between 1819 and 1824, they accumulate critical responses to earlier instalments and selectively answer them, reducing interlocutors to silence or more noise. Parody at Drury Lane replays as parody compounded in Don Juan.
Don Juan, Cantos I–IV
Authors: Bone Drummond 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces Byron’s masterpiece Don Juan by way of exploring the visibility of the mode of narration alongside the plot and digressions it carries. The ottava rima stanza and epic underpinnings carry episodes which contrast innocence and worldliness, and random and more considered violence, and set up patterns which recur during the cantos which follow. The chapter explores the poem’s equation of social values with poetic artifice in its treatment of Donna Julia, Haidée, and Lambro. It thereby argues that inclusion of widely different content – ranging from love story to shipwreck and cannibalism – is justified by the verbal texture which carries it.
Tongue-Root Harmony and Vowel Inventory Structure
Authors: Casali Roderic F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Common in languages of the Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharan phyla are vowel systems (termed /2IU/ systems) that have a tongue-root contrast in high vowels, as in the very widespread nine-vowel /iɪeɛaɔoʊu/ system (e.g., Akan, Maasai). Also common are systems (/1IU/ systems) that have such a contrast only in non-high vowels, as in the seven-vowel /ieɛaɔou/ system of Yoruba. Surprisingly, the two system types exhibit very different characteristic patterns. Assimilatory dominance of [+ATR] vowels is highly typical of /2IU/ languages, as is restricted distributional patterning of the same vowels. In /1IU/ languages, [+ATR] quality is typically inert, with [–ATR] more typically patterning as the marked and dominant value. This paper summarizes assimilatory and markedness-related differences that correlate with the two inventory types in Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharan. It also briefly examines the extent to which vowel systems in other phyla show similar tendencies and notes proposed explanations for the observed correlations.
Vowel Harmony and Coda, Moraic, or Geminate Consonants
Authors: Odden David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses cases where mere presence of a consonant appears affect vowel harmony (VH). Javanese, Assamese, and Logoori provide some for consonant prosody affecting VH. Javanese and Assamese data are equivocal, though Logoori evidence is probative. Kera is also considered, where codas seem to be required for harmony to apply in certain cases—because the domain of harmony in Kera is the foot, and coda consonants affect footing. While there is a colorable claim for consonantal relevance in these languages, we cannot definitively say what specific property controls the apparent blockage. Many plausible analyses are available for these languages—for example, a two-factor analysis of Javanese where closed-syllable laxing overrides harmony, or an empty-syllable analysis where the halves of a geminate are separated by an empty vowel. The existing evidence argues that the consonant-prosodic effect is epiphenomenal and does not have a unified theoretical account.
Nasal Harmony
Authors: Botma Bert 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with nasal harmony, the cover term for processes involving long-distance assimilation of nasality. Nasal harmony is similar to vowel harmony in several respects. Languages may differ in the domain, the direction and the trigger of nasal harmony, and in the behavior of sounds that do not participate in the harmony; like vowel harmony, nasal harmony may involve opaque segments (which block nasalization) and transparent segments (which are skipped by nasalization). The focus of the chapter is on cross-linguistic variation in nasal harmony patterns, especially with regard to the nasalizability of segments and the issue of segmental transparency.
An Exemplar-Based Approach to Vowel Harmony
Authors: van de Weijer Jeroen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes an approach to the acquisition, status, and usage of vowel harmony, based on Exemplar Theory. This approach assumes that knowledge of linguistic patterns in a language is solely based on the data a language learner is exposed to, without any a priori specifically linguistic assumptions. That is, an Exemplar approach is strictly usage-based, and tries to limit assumptions about the nature of the object that is described (i.e., the ‘grammar’ of the language that is acquired, or its ‘rules’) to a strict minimum: No assumptions of any content in an alleged ‘Universal Grammar’ are made. What do speakers know when they acquire a language that is said to ‘have vowel harmony’? How will they learn this? What do such patterns consist of, when linguists characterize them as part of the ‘knowledge of the native speaker’?
Vowel Harmony in Non-Bantu Niger-Congo Languages
Authors: Rolle Nicholas , Orie Ọlanikẹ Ọla 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines vowel harmony (VH) in non-Bantu Niger-Congo phonology, focusing on advanced tongue root (ATR) harmony, whereby vowels (all being either [+ATR] or [–ATR]) harmonize for tongue-root position. One subtype is cross-height ATR harmony, which has constraints like */i … ɛ/ or */ʊ … o/ banning mixed ATR values across distinct heights. This is compared with mid-height ATR harmony, where only the mid series participates in ATR harmony (as there is no [–ATR] high series), having constraints such as */e … ɛ/ or /ɔ … o/. Other types of VH, such as rounding, height, and identical-vowel harmony, occur less frequently in non-Bantu Niger-Congo than ATR harmony. This chapter highlights issues raised by these data, including directionality of harmony, ATR dominance, the domain of VH, and ATR’s antagonistic relationship with interior vowels (e.g., ɨ y ʉ ɯ ə ʌ).
Kant on Sex and Gender
Authors: Hay Carol 
Published: October 2024

AbstractKant’s views on the differences between men and women, and his related views on sexual morality, are often taken to be some of the most misguided, parochial, and outdated elements of his philosophical system. His biography as a committed bachelor is frequently mined to paint a picture of a boring, asexual nerd, feeding a caricature whose enduring popularity is likely not unconnected to its ability to bolster the familiar critical rejection of the Kantian moral framework as impersonal, hyper-rationalist, and hostile to both the body and the emotions. However, untangling what Kant’s views on sex and gender actually are—from both the ad hominem caricatures of the man, and from how his work has (sometimes mistakenly) been taken up by others—yields a discussion that sheds new light on Kant’s views on human nature in general and his practical philosophy in particular. I’ll argue that while Kant’s views on sex and gender are not unproblematic, Kant’s influence on contemporary understandings of sexual morality—particularly his views on the potential moral pitfalls of sexual objectification, and on the moral importance of sexual consent—deserves recognition.
Cognitive effort increases the intensity of rewards
Authors: Wahab Mejda , Mead Nicole L , Desmercieres Stevenson , Lardeux Virginie , Dugast Emilie , Baumeister Roy F , Solinas Marcello 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An important body of literature suggests that exerting intense cognitive effort causes mental fatigue and can lead to unhealthy behaviors such as indulging in high-calorie food and taking drugs. Whereas this effect has been mostly explained in terms of weakening cognitive control, cognitive effort may also bias behavioral choices by amplifying the hedonic and emotional impact of rewards. We report parallel findings with animals and humans supporting this hypothesis. In rats, exerting cognitive effort immediately before access to cocaine self-administration significantly increased drug intake. In addition, exerting cognitive effort increased the psychostimulant effect of cocaine. The effects of cognitive effort on addiction-related behaviors were eliminated and even reversed when animals could rest in their home-cage for 2–4 h before access to cocaine self-administration. Among humans, we found that expending cognitive effort increased consumption of tasty (but unhealthy) food by increasing the hedonic enjoyment of consuming the food. In addition, the effects were specific for emotionally relevant stimuli (i.e. food rewards) and did not generalize to judgment about neutral objects. Altogether these data suggest that intense cognitive effort can increase the perceived intensity of rewards and lead to their overconsumption. This effect may contribute to bad decision making induced by excessive cognitive effort and make people more vulnerable to indulge in unhealthy behaviors such as use of addictive drugs.
Agricultural plastic pollution reduces soil function even under best management practices
Authors: Tiwari Ekta , Sistla Seeta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Soil plastic contamination is considered a threat to environmental health and food security. Plastic films—which are widely used as soil mulches—are the largest single source of agricultural plastic pollution. Growing evidence indicates that high concentrations of plastic negatively affect critical soil functions. However, the relationships between agricultural plastic accumulation and its biogeochemical consequences in regions with relatively low levels of soil plastic pollution remain poorly characterized. We sampled farms across the California Central Coast (a region of global agricultural importance with extensive plastic mulch-based production) to assess the degree and biogeochemical consequences of plastic pollution in fields subject to “best practice” plastic mulching application and removal practices over multiple years. All farms exhibited surface soil plastic contamination, macroplastic positively correlated with microplastic contamination levels, and macroplastic accumulation was negatively correlated with soil moisture, microbial activity, available phosphate, and soil carbon pool size. These effects occurred at less than 10% of the contamination levels reported to degrade field soils, but were relatively subtle, with no detectable relationship to microplastic concentration. Identifying declines in soil quality with low levels of macroplastic fragment accumulation suggests that we must improve best management plasticulture practices to limit the threat to soil health and agricultural productivity of unabated plastic accumulation.
Computational elucidation of nonverbal behavior and body language in music therapy
Authors: Sandak Billie , Gilboa Avi , Harel David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Music therapy has shown efficacy in serious and chronic conditions, mental disorders, and disabilities. However, there is still much to explore regarding the mechanisms through which music interventions exert their effects. A typical session involves interactions between the therapist, the client, and the musical work itself, and to help address the challenges of capturing and comprehending its dynamics, we extend our general computational paradigm (CP) for analyzing the expressive and social behavioral processes in arts therapies. The extension includes bodily and nonverbal aspects of the behavior, offering additional insights into the client's emotional states and engagement. We have used this version of the CP, which employs AI pose estimation technology, image processing, and audio analysis, to capture therapy-related psychometrics and their intra- and inter-session analysis. The CP is applied in a real-world proof-of-concept study, and the results enable us to pinpoint meaningful events and emergent properties not captured by the human eye, complementing the therapist's interpretations. The resulting data may also be useful in other scientific and clinical areas.
Could've known better
Authors: Greenberg Alexander 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Could you have taken precautions against a risk you were unaware of? This question lies at the heart of debates in ethics and legal philosophy concerning whether it's justifiable to blame or punish those who cause harm inadvertently or out of ignorance. But the question is crucially ambiguous, depending on what is understood to be inside or outside the scope of the ‘could’. And this ambiguity undermines a number of arguments purporting to show that inadvertent wrongdoers cannot justifiably be blamed or punished. While not all opposition to blaming or punishing inadvertent wrongdoers rests on this ambiguity, some certainly does. And getting clear on this ambiguity is important if we're to sort good arguments against blaming and punishing inadvertent wrongdoers—if there are any—from bad ones.
Multi-domain effectiveness of guselkumab evaluated via composite indices through 1 year in patients with PsA and inadequate response to TNFi: post hoc analysis of COSMOS
Authors: Gossec Laure , Baraliakos Xenofon , Aletaha Daniel , Sharaf Mohamed , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Lavie Frédéric , López-Medina Clementina , Selmi Carlo , Coates Laura C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Evaluate guselkumab efficacy, an anti-interleukin-23p19-subunit antibody, in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and inadequate response to 1 or 2 tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi-IR), utilizing composite indices assessing disease activity across disease domains.

Methods
In the Phase IIIb COSMOS trial, 285 adults with TNFi-IR PsA were randomized (2:1) to receive guselkumab 100 mg or placebo at Week (W)0, W4, then every 8 weeks through W44. Patients receiving placebo crossed over to guselkumab at W24. In this post hoc analysis, composite indices evaluated included the Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA), Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), Psoriatic Arthritis Response Criteria (PsARC), Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity Score (PASDAS), GRAPPA Composite score (GRACE), modified Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index (mCPDAI), minimal disease activity (MDA), and very low disease activity (VLDA). Through W24, treatment failure rules were applied. Through W48, non-responder imputation was used for missing data.

Results
Greater proportions of guselkumab- than placebo-randomized patients achieved composite index endpoints relating to low disease activity (LDA; 14.8–52.4% vs 3.1–28.1%) or remission (3.7–5.3% vs 0.0–2.1%) at W24. Among guselkumab-randomized patients, LDA rates increased to W48 (DAPSA, 44.4%; DAS28, 47.8%; PASDAS, 34.4%; GRACE, 33.3%; mCPDAI, 40.2%), and 27.0% and 64.0% achieved MDA and a PsARC response, respectively. In the placebo→guselkumab crossover group, W48 response rates were similar to the guselkumab-randomized group.

Conclusion
Guselkumab treatment provided substantial benefits across multiple disease domains, with increasing proportions of patients achieving LDA/remission over 1 year, highlighting the effectiveness of guselkumab despite previous inadequate response to TNFi.
Arthroscopy has a higher discriminative capacity than MRI in detecting mild cartilage lesions
Authors: Sánchez-Platero Irene , Fernández-Jara Javier , Herencia Carmen , Llorca Javier , Mediero Aránzazu , Calvo Emilio , Largo Raquel , Herrero-Beaumont Gabriel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine whether current MRI could detect superficial cartilage lesions that are observed in patients with knee pain for whom arthroscopy was indicated for therapeutic reasons or when the cause of pain was unclear.

Methods
Adult patients with knee pain lasting more than 3 months, scheduled for a therapeutic/diagnostic arthroscopy, were recruited. Demographic and clinical data, pain assessment, MRI imaging and observations of cartilage damage in the medial femoral condyle during arthroscopic procedure were documented. Patients were categorized based on the presence of cartilage damage assessed via MRI and/or direct visualization. Concordance between these assessments and its variation with age and patient-reported pain were examined.

Results
Out of the 95 patients recruited, 48 exhibited lesions in the medial femoral condyle (MFC) during arthroscopic examination, while only 24 of them showed lesions on the MRI scans. The thickness of the cartilage in the MFC was significantly lower in patients with cartilage damage detected by MRI compared with those without. Among patients with cartilage lesions identified during arthroscopy, those also showing lesions on the MRI had lower cartilage thickness and higher Outerbridge score than those without lesions on the MRI. Patients with detectable cartilage damage on the MRI were significantly older and reported higher levels of pain than those with damage detected only by arthroscopic examination.

Conclusion
Despite significant technological advancements in MRI, arthroscopy still proves superior in identifying mild structural cartilage lesions that are not identifiable by this technique.