bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Disability Media Studies
Authors: Ellis Katie , Keeley Jessica 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
People with disability tend to be overlooked in discussions of media. This chapter aims to put the topic of people with disability on the agenda for media and social justice. Critical understandings of disability representation in the media offer important insights into how social meanings of disability influence social justice. First, the chapter presents a theoretical synthesis of research and conceptualizations of disability, culture, and the media, drawing attention to the role of representation in the experience of disability. Next, the chapter interrogates the justice system as a significant but underexplored sight of analysis for critical disability studies and media and social justice. A central issue is that media discourses are reproduced unproblematically by judges, lawyers, and juries. Consequently, the notion that people with disability are inherently burdensome and without value is validated and perpetuated.
Data Justice
Authors: Ramasubramanian Srividya , Burth Shannon , McMillian Minnie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the role of quantitative empirical data in the ongoing pursuit of social justice using media. Media and social justice initiatives could benefit from incorporating multiple methods, including quantitative research in identifying pressing social issues, bridging across various sectors, piloting micro-interventions, and building long-term communication infrastructures for social transformation. The chapter draws on quantitative criticalism and the CODE^SHIFT model to highlight principles and practices around data justice in social justice-oriented work, including those that are community-led. The chapter also provides recommendations for media practitioners, policymakers, and public scholars on critical approaches toward data for the advancement of social justice within the realm of media.
Justice Informatics, Justice for Us All
Authors: Tacheva Jasmina , Loughead Tanya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The intensification of long-standing, unjust ways of thinking and being in online spaces means that scholar–activists must critically analyze the digital and its underlying algorithmic ecosystems. Although movements such as data fairness and data feminism provide much-needed avenues for critique, this chapter offers several principles for ensuring that research–activist work promotes “justice informatics.” The chapter argues specifically for the need to call out the digital as the latest manifestation of global racial colonial heteropatriarchal capitalism and a persistent form of ideology called techno-ideology. To withstand and dissolve this powerful regime, a sustained collective abolitionist and feminist practice combining justice philosophy, media studies, and social informatics is required. This chapter provides examples of such work both within and outside academia.
Political Economy of Communication in the Digital Platform Era
Authors: Jin Dal Yong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Political economy of communication has been a major theoretical framework during the past several decades. Although political economy is salient in a few domains, such as broadcasting, advertising, and information and communication technology, the contemporary political economy of communication closely relates to the advent and growth of digital platforms. Digital platforms, including social media platforms, over-the-top service platforms, and entertainment platforms—as the Western-based digital technologies—have expanded their dominance in recent years, resulting in power asymmetries between the global and the local. Because political economy analyzes the power relationships between politics and economics, it is essential to discuss the shifting power (im)balances between Western platforms and non-Western platforms, as well as the platform owners and users. By emphasizing a few primary areas concerning digital platforms, this chapter discusses the shifting media ecology in which digital platforms play a vital role in the early 21st century.
Media and Mental Health Interventions Among Migrants
Authors: Ahmed Rukhsana , Park Seulgi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Migrants have a variety of health needs and are at increased risk of developing mental health disorders. Because of their exposure to emotional and psychological trauma during the migration process, migrant groups are more likely to experience higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depressive disorders. This higher burden of mental health disorders is further heightened by disparities in access to and utilization of mental health care among migrants. Nevertheless, there is a relative lack of research on the role of media in mental health interventions for migrants. The lack of evidence makes it difficult to ensure the mental health needs of these marginalized groups are met by delivering appropriate, effective, and safe care. Accordingly, this chapter provides a systematic review of recent literature to (a) summarize evidence on media- and technology-based mental health interventions for migrant groups and (b) provide evidence-informed recommendations to use new media as a tool to eliminate mental health disparities among migrants. The findings suggest that media- and technology-based mental health interventions are overall effective for improving a range of migrant mental health outcomes and improving mental health disparities among migrant groups. Considering that migrants face additional stressors stemming from migration and that they encounter barriers to seek mental health care, media- and technology-based interventions can provide great potential for improving mental health of migrants. However, the empirical evidence is limited to date, with a need for additional rigorous studies, especially with migrant groups, to further build the evidence base.
The Limits of Diversity and Popular Anti-Racism
Authors: Saha Anamik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents a critical account of “diversity” as mobilized by both corporate media and popular anti-racist movements. “Diversity” is the dominant mode in which racial inequalities are made sense of and tackled in the cultural industries. The chapter demonstrates how diversity is the response of the dominant culture to critiques of its institutional Whiteness. In this context, diversity both describes how cultural industries feel threatened by but also attempts to capitalize upon racial difference. Yet, a relatively neglected consideration in discussions of diversity is how it is mobilized by popular anti-racism. Building on Sarah Banet-Weiser’s notion of “popular feminism,” popular anti-racism refers to a version of anti-racism that identifies visibility and representation in media as an important political goal and is both a product of and enabled by platform capitalism. The mode of anti-racist activism is limited on the grounds that it feeds rather than challenges the commodification of race upon which cultural industries profit. The chapter calls for a more radical approach to solving racial inequalities in media that replaces benign notions of diversity with the idea of reparative justice, including both political economic and grassroots interventions.
Indigenous Environmental Media Activism in South Asia
Authors: Dutta Uttaran 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
South Asia is home to more than 800 different Indigenous tribes comprising 165 million Indigenous people, who speak 650 different tribal languages. Because these enormously diverse populations are geographically isolated and resource-poor, they experience atrocities such as eviction from ancestral land, deforestation, unsafe mining and industrial activities, and pollution of natural sources. Such inhumane and hazardous environmental abuses and exploitation often trigger resistance and protests from the Indigenous communities and beyond. However, Indigenous dissent and activism rarely receive adequate media attention and often remain unknown in the discursive spaces. This chapter discusses the history and instances of local and global ways of doing environmental activism by the Indigenous communities of South Asia. In this regard, the chapter discusses several cases from both the non-mediated (e.g., community-based and participatory action) and mediated (both contemporary and traditional media) spaces.
“How Do You Shift That?” Dialoguing Social Justice, Activism, and Black Joy in Media Studies
Authors: Moultrie jas l. , Joseph Ralina L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this chapter we lovingly center Blackness as the space from which Black media studies scholars study, create, teach, and affect media. Through the practice of radical listening, the chapter spotlights dialogues between foundational, cross-genre, and genre-defying scholars in Black media and communication: Herman Gray and Jane Rhodes; John L. Jackson, Jr., and E. Patrick Johnson; Andre Brock and Kishonna Gray; and Robin R. Means Coleman and Beretta E. Smith-Shomade. Our conversations—on defining activism, committing to social justice, engaging methods for finessing boundaries, and unsettling anti-Blackness in media and academia—begin and end with Rhodes’ guiding question, “How do you shift that?” This chapter celebrates such a shift, of Black media studies scholars embodying joyful paths for justice and knowledge. We conclude with reimagining Black media studies as refusing to define, in the words of the late filmmaker Marlon Riggs’s last documentary, what “Black is … [and] Black ain’t.”
Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Development Policy and Politics in Malawi
Authors: Kayuni Happy Mickson 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The chapter analyses the historical perspectives on development policy and its implications for socio-economic growth in Malawi. Malawi faces a myriad of challenges emanating from its historical development policy that pose significant challenges to the successful implementation of its development agenda. Tracing the historical perspectives of Malawi’s development policy is, therefore, essential for the country to embark on the right path for socio-economic growth. Using a historical institutionalism approach, the chapter argues that Malawi’s development policies have not significantly departed from the pre- and post-colonial structures, with the agricultural sector dominating the developmental agenda. The chapter further argues that pre- and post-colonial agricultural production has consistently ignored peasant farmers as significant stakeholders in the development agenda. ‘African Capitalism’, as perceived by the country’s first president, aimed at rapid economic growth but, in the process, it created ‘exploitative’ developmental structures and investments that benefited a few politically connected individuals.
Malawi’s Secondary School Education System and Intergenerational Poverty
Authors: Chiwaula Levison S. , Winiko Symon M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Education systems can reduce intergenerational poverty transmission if they promote equitable access to education for all children. This chapter demonstrates that the selection of learners into poor-quality Community Day Secondary Schools (CDSS) in Malawi is influenced by household poverty status. Children from poor households have a 46% higher probability of being at a CDSS than children from non-poor households. Household poverty status is not an important factor at initial selection into a CDSS, but poverty retains poor children at a CDSS, while non-poor children are taken out. We conclude that poverty selects children from poor families into poor-quality secondary schools in Malawi, thereby promoting intergenerational poverty transmission through low human capital-building. This situation can be reversed by providing bursaries to students from low-income families who get selected to conventional government secondary schools, and improving quality of public primary schools and CDSSs through provision of adequate teaching and learning materials, including teachers.
Reframing Climate Change Policies and National Development Plans for Sustainable Development in Malawi
Authors: Banda Benjamin Mattondo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Malawi’s initial NDC identified forestry, land-use change, and agriculture as the main contributors of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the inconsistency and uncertainty of forecasts have rendered climate change policies unrealistic. The chapter estimates a structural model to try and provide accurate forecasts of carbon dioxide emissions in order to build synergies between climate change actions and development planning. The results show that contemporaneous shifts in economic and environmental variables imply that fixed coefficient models may provide erroneous forecasts, and elasticities confirm the overbearing influence of land and labour resources on the economy. The results also indicate the possibility of creating a dilemma for environmental policy due to trade-offs between reducing emissions and employment; and that Malawi is on a low emission growth path with a dynamic relationship between emissions and the economy being time sensitive, and with significant structural breaks, hence the need for regular forecast validation using time-varying forecasting methods.
Introduction
Authors: Chavula Hopestone Kayiska , Ngalawa Harold P. E. , Dulani Boniface , Munthali Thomas Chataghalala 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Malawi has experienced lacklustre performance despite episodes of economic growth and development with different development policies and strategies since independence in 1964. The implementation of the plans and strategies was supported by decades of structural reforms spearheaded by the IMF and the World Bank. Notwithstanding some improvements in socio-economic terms, especially in areas such as health and education, Malawi remains one of the poorest countries in the world, with about 50% of its population living below the national poverty line and 25% in extreme poverty. Efforts to improve the situation have mostly borne very minimal impact. This introductory chapter provides historical perspectives in relation to the country’s current socio-economic development as a way of presenting the context, organization, and content of the book, mainly based on issues raised in the identified thematic areas of the book.
Elections in India
Authors: Kumar Sanjay 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper traces the dynamic trajectory of elections in India spanning the past seven decades. It investigates the intricate rules and regulations laid out by the Election Commission of India in order to have free and fair elections. The paper examines how political parties and candidates engage in elections, highlighting the dynamics of the participatory upsurge in Indian politics. The changing nature of electoral verdicts and the transformation in the profile of elected representatives are scrutinized, providing insights into the evolving landscape of Indian democracy.
Media Exposure, Vote Choice, and Polarization in Indian Politics
Authors: Verma Rahul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship between media exposure and vote choice in Indian elections using data from the National Election Study (NES) surveys from 1996 to 2019. It makes five broad observations. First, in the last 2 decades, the Indian electorate has had more exposure to media than ever before. The avenues of exposure have also increased in several ways. Second, electorates with higher media exposure are more likely to vote for the BJP. In that sense, the past two elections were not significantly different. Third, the BJP seems to be reaping the benefits of long-term ideological alignment in Indian politics as well as investments in both its offline and online campaign infrastructure. Fourth, while the BJP is indeed ahead in usage of new technology for the campaign purposes, only some parties have been able to match the BJP’s campaign infrastructure in their respective strongholds. Fifth, the increasing media penetration in the past decade is also marked by social and political polarization in India, which is now getting reflected in declining trust in media sources among Indian citizens.
Caste and Politics
Authors: Palshikar Suhas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the complex relationship between caste and politics in India. It traces the development of caste-based politics and investigates how caste influences people's political choices during elections. The study focuses on four major trends since the 1990s: the decline of the Congress party, the rise of the BJP among Other Backward Classes (OBCs), state-level voting patterns, and the unpredictable nature of consistent vote banks. Additionally, the paper examines the dynamics of caste representation among those in political power in India. It delves into issues related to representation, such as the criteria for entry into politics and the distribution of ministerial power among different castes. The research also explores the complexities of caste mobilization and affirmative action following the Mandal phase. Furthermore, the paper addresses the clientelist nature of caste politics, discussing its impact on democratization and democracy. It also considers the potential for lower strata self-assertion to bring about changes in the caste hierarchy. The paper analyzes the democratic upsurge, ideological enthusiasm, and the subsequent moderation of this trend, highlighting the secularization of caste politics in competitive scenarios.
Rights and Citizenship
Authors: Jayal Niraja Gopal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent amendments to the law on citizenship have moved India decisively away from a jus soli regime to a hybrid regime of legal citizenship, in which jus sanguinis is privileged. Despite formal equality in the rights of citizenship, there have been significant impediments to the realization of civil and political rights for historically disadvantaged groups. In recent times, the increasing use of extraordinary laws has also placed enormous power in the state, often at the cost of individual liberty. Despite some social rights being legislated, their actual provision remains weak. As such, the attrition of formal equality in the legal status of citizenship, together with the weak provision of social rights, on the one hand, and the imperilments of civil and political rights, on the other, render fragile the project of converting formal into substantive citizenship.
Communalism
Authors: Varshney Ashutosh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Communalism is an ideology that starts with a religious identification of communities, but goes beyond that to seek political rights and privileges on religious grounds. A religiously defined community becomes a political community more interested in power and public resources, less in piety or faith. Communalism also functions as nationalism in India and South Asia, though of a particular kind. Because of its oft-made attempt to link religion and nation, communalism seeks to define national loyalty and disloyalty in religious terms. It generates rhetoric and practices that exclude and discriminate on a religious basis. When such communalism is in power, it seriously shapes state behavior, public policy and laws. When not in power, it can still seriously affect the conduct of citizens and organizations. Everyday prejudice and discrimination against ‘religious others’—on the part of the state, non-state organizations or citizens—are typical expressions of communalism. The chapter begins with a conceptual and comparative discussion of communalism, and then traces the growth of communalism in India from its peripheralisation after independence to its rise in recent decades, analyses with data the three main forms of communal violence—riots, pogroms and lynchings—and three recent ideological acts by governments at the Centre and several states.
The Evolution of India’s Economic RegulationFrom Dirigisme to the New Regulatory State and Beyond
Authors: Echeverri-Gent John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Defining economic regulation as the government’s steering the flow of economic events and behavior, this chapter documents the changing trajectory of India’s economic regulation over three periods: (i) the dirigiste era from 1947 to 1991, (ii) the rise of the new regulatory state with its increasingly market-affirming orientation from 1991 to 2014, and (iii) the mix of market-affirming and market-preempting regulatory changes during the Modi government from 2018 to 2023. The chapter documents how India’s regulatory change is a product of interaction between (i) government efforts to adapt to technological change and economic crises, (ii) the structure of existing regulatory institutions, (iii) the existing political settlement, and (iv) changes in the global ecosystem. The chapter shows how the transition from the first to the second period contributed to India’s accelerated economic growth and social welfare. It finds that while the Modi government’s regulatory reforms have brought benefits, the politicization of India’s economic regulation threatens to limit India’s ability to realize its remarkable economic promise.
The Rajya SabhaA ‘Federal Chamber’ or a Mere Upper House in the Indian Parliament?
Authors: Shastri Sandeep 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Rajya Sabha, as the Upper House of the Indian Parliament has often been described as a federal chamber, a revising chamber and a mere second chamber. Though its members are elected by the State legislatures in India, it combines the principle of size and minimal representation from the smallest states while assigning seats to every state. An analysis of the membership of the Rajya Sabha, over the last seven decades indicates that most members have been single term members. This implies that the offer of House membership is often used by party leaders to reward favourites. Prior to being elected as members of the Rajya Sabha, they have often had very little to do with the politics and party activities at the state level. A trend visible in the recent past is bringing in members who were earlier members of the lower house - Lok Sabha, as Rajya Sabha members. The Rajya Sabha appears to have lost a clear direction as it does not seem to fulfil the role its name suggests - A Council of States. In the light of the changing dynamics of Indian federalism, a review of the composition and role of the Rajya Sabha is the need of the hour.