bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Índice de vulnerabilidad al VIH en población habitante de calle
Authors: Berbesi-Fernandez Dedsy , Segura-Cardona Angela , Cardona Arango Doris , Caicedo-Velasquez Beatriz 
Published: April 2017

Objetivo. Se reconoce que las vulnerabilidades sociales tienden a ocurrir con el VIH, pero pocos estudios han tratado de medir la vulnerabilidad al VIH y no se logra identificar en la literatura la unificación frente al concepto y la manera de operativizarlo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar un índice de vulnerabilidad, y su relación con la infección por VIH en población habitante de calle de la ciudad de Medellín<br /><br />Material y método. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con 338 habitantes de calle de Medellín utilizando el muestreo de tiempo y lugar. En la construcción del índice se realizó un análisis factorial de tipo exploratorio y un análisis factorial confirmatorio. <br /><br />Resultados. Se identificaron cuatro factores que explicaron el 50,49% de la varianza. Se encontró que la población con alta vulnerabilidad al VIH tenía cinco veces el riesgo de tener VIH, esta asociación fue ajustada por variables sociodemográficas de edad, sexo, estado civil y nivel de escolaridad.<br /><br />Conclusiones. Se propone un índice de vulnerabilidad al VIH, el cual se definió como la reducción de la capacidad de anticiparse (conocimientos y creencias erróneas), resistirse (prácticas sexuales y consumo de drogas) y recuperarse (apoyo social y rechazo). Lo cual limita la capacidad para acceder a servicios de prevención, atención, y apoyo al VIH.<br /><br />
Le moment politique des ruines
Authors: Bouchier Martine 
Published: April 2017

Cet article interroge les définitions classiques des ruines à travers la lecture d'auteurs clés de la théorie des ruines dans la perspective de comprendre si les interprétations qu'ils en font sont valides pour saisir les ruines contemporaines produites par les guerres, le terrorisme ou les catastrophes naturelles. Il en ressort très vite que le modèle de lecture de l’événement passé que constitue la ruine ne fonctionne pas sur celles en cours ou à venir. La permanence des phénomènes de destruction guerrière, écologique, urbaine, humaine, environnementale, terroriste que l’on voit dans les médias, fait penser que le beau, la méditation sur notre devenir et sur la mort, ces universaux de l’esthétique et de la métaphysique des ruines, sont des valeurs « en théorie » qui n’ont aucun sens confrontés aux enjeux économiques et géostratégiques à échelle mondiale qui produisent ruines et chaos. À l’esprit des ruines classiques, dont tout l’attrait tient à ce qu’une oeuvre humaine est perçue comme une oeuvre de la nature, sont venus s’ajouter, d’une part une ruine instantanée provoquée par les divers vecteurs de destruction contemporains et, d’autre part, l’esprit d’une ruine « aidée » incluant un futur de ruine dans les projets.
Mongolian spot
Authors: Bista Roshan , Pandey Prativa 
Published: April 2017

Colorful skin spots on a pediatric patient can easily be mistaken as signs of child abuse. Professionals should therefore gain knowledge about Mongolian spots; also known as Mongolian blue spots. These are flat, congenital and benign birthmarks, commonly located in sacro-coccygeal or lumbar area of an infant. Child abuse is a major public health problem across the world. The most common manifestations of physical child abuse are cutaneous, and their recognition and differential diagnosis are of great importance. Mongolian spots may appear as signs of child abuse; however, Mongolian spots are harmless.
A fully subordinated linear flow model for hillslope subsurface stormflow
Authors: Zhang Yong , Baeumer Boris , Chen Li , Reeves Donald M. , Sun HongGuang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHillslope subsurface stormflow exhibits complex patterns when natural soils with multiscale heterogeneity impart a spatiotemporally nonlocal memory on flow dynamics. To efficiently quantify such nonlocal flow responses, this technical note proposes a fully subordinated flow (FSF) equation where the time‐ and flow‐subordination capture the temporal and spatial memory, respectively. Results show that the time‐subordination component of the FSF model captures a wide range of delayed flow response due to various degrees of soil heterogeneity (especially for low‐conductivity zones), while the model's flow‐subordination term accounts for the rapid flow responses along preferential flow paths. In the FSF model, parameters defining spatiotemporal memory functions may be related to soil properties, while other parameters such as scalar factors controlling the overall advection and diffusion are difficult to predict and can be estimated from subsurface stormflow hydrographs. These parameters can be constants at the hillslope scale because the spatiotemporal subordination, an upscaling technique, can capture the impact of system heterogeneity on flow dynamics, leading to a linear FSF model that might be applicable for various slopes. Valid scale, limitation and extension of the FSF model, and modification of the model for other complex hydrological dynamics are also discussed.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Tandem Michael Addition and Cyclization Reaction of Trisubstituted 2‐Nitro‐1,3‐enynes with Cyclic 1,3‐Diketones
Authors: Xing Zi‐Min , Song Le‐Le , Li Feng‐Xing , Xu Nian‐Sheng , Wang Lu‐Feng , Shi Zi‐Fa , Cao Xiao‐Ping 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAn enantioselective tandem Michael addition/cyclization reaction between trisubstituted 2‐nitro‐1,3‐enynes and cyclic 1,3‐diketones catalyzed by a chiral organosquaramide catalyst in the presence of Ag2CO3 was developed. The chiral functionalized chromene products could be obtained in good yield and in 80–99% enantiomeric excess. The structures and absolute configurations of some of the products were confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis.magnified image
Relation between patterns of intrinsic network connectivity, cognitive functioning, and symptom presentation in trauma‐exposed patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Parlar Melissa , Densmore Maria , Hall Geoffrey B. , Frewen Paul A. , Lanius Ruth A. , McKinnon Margaret C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe present study investigated resting fMRI connectivity within the default mode (DMN), salience (SN), and central executive (CEN) networks in relation to neurocognitive performance and symptom severity in trauma‐exposed patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodGroup independent component analysis was conducted among patients with MDD (n = 21), examining DMN, SN, and CEN connectivity in relation to neurocognitive performance and symptom severity. Activation in these networks was also compared between the patient group and healthy controls (n = 20).ResultsAmong the patient group, higher levels of performance on measures of verbal memory and executive functioning were related to increased connectivity within the DMN (i.e., inferior parietal lobe; precuneus). Greater depression severity was related to reduced connectivity between the SN and a node of the DMN (i.e., posterior cingulate cortex) and higher depersonalization symptoms were related to enhanced connectivity between the SN and a node of the DMN (i.e., middle temporal gyrus). Higher symptoms of depersonalization were also associated with reduced integration of the DMN with the medial frontal gyrus. Relative to controls, patients with MDD showed greater connectivity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex within the DMN.ConclusionIntrinsic connectivity network patterns are related to cognitive performance and symptom presentation among trauma‐exposed patients with MDD.
Formation of Cyclic Carbonates from CO2 and Epoxides Catalyzed by a Cobalt‐Coordinated Conjugated Microporous Polymer
Authors: Xiong Jian , Yang Rui‐Xia , Xie Yong , Huang Nian‐Yu , Zou Kun , Deng Wei‐Qiao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAn inexpensive and effective cobalt coordinated conjugated microporous polymer (Co‐CMP‐2) made up from cross‐linked an ethanediamine‐based salen ligand with 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene. Co‐CMP‐2 exhibited extremely high catalytic efficiency in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides, which is superior to that of previously reported Co‐CMP. Co‐CMP‐2 achieved a TOF of 23300 h−1 for ethylene carbonate. Moreover, the catalyst can be reused more than 10 times without significant loss in activity.
Three‐Dimensional Nickel–Borate Nanosheets Array for Efficient Oxygen Evolution at Near‐Neutral pH
Authors: Ge Ruixiang , Ren Xiang , Qu Fengli , Liu Danni , Ma Min , Hao Shuai , Du Gu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Chen Liang , Sun Xuping 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNickel‐borate nanosheets array on titanium mesh (Ni−Bi NA/TM) was derived from NiSe2 nanosheets array on titanium mesh (NiSe2 NA/TM) by electrochemical transformation. As a three‐dimensional electrode, Ni−Bi NA/TM exhibited high catalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction and required a low overpotential of 430 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 0.1 m potassium borate (pH 9.2), with outstanding long‐term stability and high turnover frequency.
Species mobility and landscape context determine the importance of local and landscape‐level attributes
Authors: Fuentes‐Montemayor Elisa , Watts Kevin , Macgregor Nicholas A. , Lopez‐Gallego Zeltia , J. Park Kirsty 
Published: April 2017

AbstractConservation strategies to tackle habitat loss and fragmentation require actions at the local (e.g., improving/expanding existing habitat patches) and landscape level (e.g., creating new habitat in the matrix). However, the relative importance of these actions for biodiversity is still poorly understood, leading to debate on how to prioritize conservation activities. Here, we assess the relative importance of local vs. landscape‐level attributes in determining the use of woodlands by bats in fragmented landscapes; we also compare the role of habitat amount in the surrounding landscape per se vs. a combination of both habitat amount and configuration and explore whether the relative importance of these attributes varies with species mobility and landscape context. We conducted acoustic surveys in 102 woodland patches in the UK that form part of the WrEN project (www.wren-project.com), a large‐scale natural experiment designed to study the effects of 160 yr of woodland creation on biodiversity and inform landscape‐scale conservation. We used multivariate analysis and a model‐selection approach to assess the relative importance of local (e.g., vegetation structure) and landscape‐level (e.g., amount/configuration of surrounding land types) attributes on bat occurrence and activity levels. Species mobility was an important trait determining the relative importance of local vs. landscape‐level attributes for different bat species. Lower mobility species were most strongly influenced by local habitat quality; the landscape became increasingly important for higher mobility species. At the landscape‐scale, a combination of habitat amount and configuration appeared more important than habitat amount alone for lower mobility species, while the opposite was observed for higher mobility species. Regardless of species mobility, landscape‐level attributes appeared more important for bats in a more homogeneous and intensively farmed landscape. Conservation strategies involving habitat creation and restoration should take into account the mobility of target species and prioritize landscape‐level actions in more homogeneous and intensively farmed landscapes where habitat loss and fragmentation have been more severe.
Development and validation of a reversed‐phase HPLC method for the quantification of paclitaxel in different PLGA nanocarriers
Authors: Furman Christophe , Carpentier Rodolphe , Barczyk Amélie , Chavatte Philippe , Betbeder Didier , Lipka Emmanuelle 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the quantification of paclitaxel encapsulated in biodegradable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) (PLGA) copolymer nanoparticles. This simple (isocratic mode, without additive) and rapid (retention time of the paclitaxel under 4 min) methodology permits the detection of low quantities of paclitaxel in nanoparticulate formulations and the determination of the encapsulation efficiency (EE). Analysis was achieved on an octadecyl stationary phase. The isocratic mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:water 80:20 (v/v) (flow rate = 0.8 mL/min). Stability of free paclitaxel was preliminary studied in those chromatographic conditions. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 2–10 μg/mL (R2 = 0.9994). The method was specific with valuable trueness, repeatability (intra‐day precision) and intermediate precision (inter‐day precision) based on relative standard deviation (RSD) values (less than 2%). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.56 and 1.85 ng/mL, respectively. This developed method was successfully employed for quantifying paclitaxel in PLGA 50:50co‐polymer nanoparticles. The accurate knowledge of the encapsulated paclitaxel concentration is essential to define the quantities of PLGA nanoparticles necessary to achieve the in vitro cell viability study.
Inflammatory cytokine response is greater in acute tibial plafond fractures than acute tibial plateau fractures
Authors: Haller Justin M. , Marchand Lucas , Rothberg David L. , Kubiak Erik N. , Higgins Thomas F. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the study was to compare the inflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) concentrations in synovial fluid after acute plafond fracture with acute tibial plateau fracture. Between December 2011 and August 2014, we prospectively enrolled patients with acute tibial plateau and plafond fractures. Synovial fluid aspirations were obtained from injured and uninjured joints. The concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐1RA, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, MCP‐1, TNF‐α, MMP‐1, ‐3, ‐9, ‐10, ‐12, and ‐13 were quantified using multiplex assays. A Bonferroni correction was used so that the adjusted alpha level for significance was p < 0.004. We enrolled 45 tibial plateau fractures and 19 plafond fractures. Mean patient age was 42 years (range, 20–60) and 64% were male patients. There were 24 low‐energy (OTA 41B) plateau fractures and eight low‐energy (OTA 43B) plafond fractures. There were 21 high‐energy (6 OTA 41B3 and 15 OTA 41C) plateau fractures and 11 high‐energy (OTA43C) plafond fractures. All cytokines and MMPs except MMP‐13 were significantly elevated in plafond fractures compared to uninjured ankles. When comparing acutely injured joints, IL‐8 (p < 0.001), IL‐1β (p = 0.002), and MMP‐12 (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in plafond fractures compared to plateau fractures. Concentrations of IL‐1RA (p = 0.008) and MCP‐1 (p = 0.005) were higher in plafond fractures, and MMP‐10 (p = 0.01) was higher in plateau fractures, but these differences did not reach significance. In conclusion, several cytokines and MMPs were significantly elevated in acute plafond fractures as compared to acute tibial plateau fractures. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2613–2619, 2017.
A prospective study of elderly initiating mirabegron versus antimuscarinics: Patient reported outcomes from the Overactive Bladder Satisfaction Scales and other instruments
Authors: Bunniran Suvapun , Davis Cralen , Kristy Rita , Ng Daniel , Schermer Carol R. , Uribe Claudia , Suehs Brandon T. 
Published: April 2017

AimsTo understand differences in patient reported outcomes (PRO) between patients initiating mirabegron or an antimuscarinic using a validated PRO instrument, OAB‐Satisfaction (OAB‐S).MethodsThis prospective observational study used real‐time prescription claims from Humana to identify Medicare patients initiating mirabegron or an antimuscarinic to participate in a series of three phone surveys over ninety days.ResultsA total of 1897 mirabegron and 2444 randomly selected antimuscarinic initiators were identified; 174 mirabegron and 193 antimuscarinic initiators completed all three surveys. Among responders, mirabegron initiators were slightly older (76 vs 75 years, P = 0.032), included more males (32% vs 23%, P = 0.044), more likely to have prior OAB treatment (21% vs 13%, P = 0.048), and had greater medication burden (number of unique medications: 10.0 vs 8.7, P = 0.014). There were no between‐group differences at any time or on any OAB‐S scale. There were significant within‐group differences at follow‐up compared to baseline for OAB‐S scales: “impact on daily living,” with improvement over the 90‐day survey period for both mirabegron (P = 0.008) and antimuscarinic (P < 0.001); “interruption of day‐to‐day life,” with improvement for both mirabegron (P < 0.001) and antimuscarinic (P < 0.001); and improvement in “OAB control” for mirabegron (P < 0.001) and antimuscarinic (P < 0.001).ConclusionsMirabegron initiators tended to be older, had a greater number of unique medications and previously tried prescriptions to treat OAB; nonetheless, mirabegron, and antimuscarinic initiators reported similar trends in improvement in PROs over the first 90 days of treatment. Significant improvement in daily impact of OAB was observed after treatment initiation; however, no significant differences between groups were observed.
Predictors for detrusor overactivity following extensive vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery
Authors: Lo Tsia‐Shu , Nagashu Shailaja , Hsieh Wu‐Chiao , Uy‐Patrimonio Ma Clarissa , Yi‐Hao Lin 
Published: April 2017

AimThis study aims to identify the predictors for detrusor overactivity (DO) in women following extensive vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery (PRS) for advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP).MethodsWe enrolled 1503 women who had prolapse POP‐Q stage ≥ 3 and underwent vaginal PRS with or without MUS from January 2006 to December 2015. All subjects completed a 72‐h voiding diary, IIQ‐7, UDI‐6, POPDI‐6, and PISQ‐12. Urodynamics (UDS) was performed pre‐ and post‐operatively.ResultsAmong 1503 women, 56 patients were excluded due to incomplete data. Women who had trans‐vaginal mesh were 1083 of 1447 (74.8%) and concomitant MUS were 353 (24.4%). Pre‐operative DO were 245 (16.9%) and 24.5% (60/245) of them continued to have persistent DO post‐operatively. Women who had normal pre‐operative stable detrusor were 1202 (83.1%) and 3.5% (30/1202) developed de novo DO post‐operatively. The overall incidence of post‐operative DO was 6.2% (90/1447). Patients with age ≥66 year, neurological factors like Cerebrovascular accident and Parkinsonian disease, pre‐operative bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) ≥60 cmH2O, Maximum flow rate (MFR) <15 mL/s and detrusor at maximum flow (Dmax) ≥20 cmH2O) and post‐void residue (PVR) ≥200 mL hold a significant higher risk of developing DO either persistent or de novo following PRS.ConclusionAge ≥66 year, neurological factors like CVA and Parkinsonian disease, pre‐operative MUCP ≥60 cmH2O, MFR < 15 mL, Dmax ≥ 20 cmH2O, and PVR ≥ 200 mL are independent risk factors for developing post‐operative DO following vaginal PRS for advanced POP.
Determination of chlorate, perchlorate and bromate anions in water samples by microbore reversed‐phase liquid chromatography coupled to sonic‐spray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Mavroudakis Leonidas , Mavrakis Emmanouil , Kouvarakis Antonis , Pergantis Spiros A. 
Published: April 2017

RationaleSonic‐spray ionization mass spectrometry (SSI‐MS) has recently been shown to provide similar mass spectra to those generated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for a wide range of compounds, i.e. from small inorganic species to peptides, proteins and numerous other biomolecules. However, limited information about this new ionization technique, such as sensitivity, limit of detection and quantification accuracy, has been reported. In particular, its coupling to liquid chromatography needs further development and assessment, along with the introduction of a broad range of applications.MethodsA high‐efficiency glass pneumatic nebulizer, used for decades for sample introduction in atomic spectrometry, was used for the SSI‐MS analysis of chlorate (ClO3–), perchlorate (ClO4–) and bromate (BrO3–) anions, following their separation using reversed‐phase microbore high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) operated in selected reaction monitoring mode.ResultsThe developed and optimized microbore HPLC/SSI‐MS/MS technique exhibited low limits of detection: 5.3 ng L–1 for chlorate, 10 ng L–1 for perchlorate and 33.7 ng L–1 for bromate, and provided reliable and accurate measurements of chlorate concentrations in water samples as demonstrated when comparing it with Ion Chromatography–Conductivity Detection (IC‐CD), the benchmark technique for ion quantitation.ConclusionsThis is the first time that the use of HPLC/SSI‐MS/MS has been reported for the detection and quantitation of chlorate, perchlorate and bromate in water samples. In addition, the exceptionally low LODs achieved using SSI render the technique competitive with the established and dominating electrospray ionization technique. Here, we have demonstrated that a commercially available high‐efficiency glass pneumatic nebulizer can also be used, without any further modification, as an efficient gas‐phase ion source. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental investigations of control principles of involuntary movement: a comprehensive review of the Kohnstamm phenomenon
Authors: De Havas Jack , Gomi Hiroaki , Haggard Patrick 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Kohnstamm phenomenon refers to the observation that if one pushes the arm hard outwards against a fixed surface for about 30 s, and then moves away from the surface and relaxes, an involuntary movement of the arm occurs, accompanied by a feeling of lightness. Central, peripheral and hybrid theories of the Kohnstamm phenomenon have been advanced. Afferent signals may be irrelevant if purely central theories hold. Alternatively, according to peripheral accounts, altered afferent signalling actually drives the involuntary movement. Hybrid theories suggest afferent signals control a centrally-programmed aftercontraction via negative position feedback control or positive force feedback control. The Kohnstamm phenomenon has provided an important scientific method for comparing voluntary with involuntary movement, both with respect to subjective experience, and for investigating whether involuntary movements can be brought under voluntary control. A full review of the literature reveals that a hybrid model best explains the Kohnstamm phenomenon. On this model, a central adaptation interacts with afferent signals at multiple levels of the motor hierarchy. The model assumes that a Kohnstamm generator sends output via the same pathways as voluntary movement, yet the resulting movement feels involuntary due to a lack of an efference copy to cancel against sensory inflow. This organisation suggests the Kohnstamm phenomenon could represent an amplification of neuromotor processes normally involved in automatic postural maintenance. Future work should determine which afferent signals contribute to the Kohnstamm phenomenon, the location of the Kohnstamm generator, and the principle of feedback control operating during the aftercontraction.