bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of rabbit meat microbiota from the viewpoint of marketing method
Authors: Cwiková Olga , Pytel Roman 
Published: June 2017

Microbiological analysis was performed on carcasses of rabbits coming from domestic slaughter, purchased at butcher shops, vacuum-packaged and purchased in supermarkets, as well as frozen. The total number of analysed rabbits was 20. For all samples the following microbiological parameters were determined: total microorganisms count (TAC), the count of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), psychrotropic microorganisms, moulds and yeasts, as well as bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Total microorganisms count was the highest (p <0.05) in rabbit meat from butcher shops (5.34 log CFU.g-1). The counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in rabbit meat originating from domestic breeding was 2.58 log CFU.g-1, in vacuum-packaged rabbits 3.18 log CFU.g-1, in frozen rabbits 2.29 log CFU.g-1, and in rabbit meat purchased from butcher shops 3.58 log CFU.g-1. The highest count (p <0.05) of Enterobacteriaceae was observed in samples from butcher shops, namely 2.91 log CFU.g-1. In contrast the lowest count (p <0.05) was in rabbit meat from home slaughtering at 1.47 log CFU.g-1 and in frozen ones at 1.36 log CFU.g-1. The lowest counts (p <0.05) of moulds and yeasts were observed in rabbit meat from domestic slaughter, namely 1.12 log CFU.g-1. The highest counts (p <0.05) were in rabbit meat from butcher shops 2.97 log CFU.g-1. The highest counts (p <0.05) of psychrotrophic microorganisms were detected in rabbit meat from butcher shops, namely 4.98 log CFU g-1 and the lowest ones (p <0.05) in the meat of domestically slaughtered rabbits at 2.52 log CFU.g-1. In all monitored microbiological indicators, we have found differences (p <0.05) in their counts on the surface and inside the muscle tissue, both on the front and rear parts of the rabbit carcass
The effect of dha omega-3 feeding in the high yielding holstein herd
Authors: Karcol Juraj , Kasarda Radovan , Šimko Milan , Hanušovský Ondrej 
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of supplementary feeding of DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) rich algae product (Algae STM Alltech Inc.) on production of milk, fat and protein as well as on reproduction of high yielding Holstein dairy herd. Field trial was set up on Top 10 dairy farm in western part of Slovakia, under commercial conditions. The data of high yielding dairy cows, separated in two groups of 30 (control) and 29 (trial) animals, were recorded for period of 3 subsequent months from October to December 2015. Animals were fed once a day Total Mixed Ration based diet with different feed mixture composition in trial group (+100 g Algae STM Alltech Inc. per cow and day). Performance data were collected in accordance with official milk recording system of Breeding Services of Slovak Republic s. e. and milk samples were collected once per month according to the A4 standard methodology. The control group showed higher level of milk production compared to trial. Our study indicated that the feeding of algae caused milk fat depression and generally lower protein content in milk. Significant impact of algae feeding was found also for the level of urea in milk. In addition, the supplementary feeding of DHA may represent effective strategy to increase the percentage of pregnancies per inseminations in lactating dairy cows.
Alliterative Revival
Authors: Turville‐Petre Thorlac 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The term “Alliterative Revival” is a useful shorthand to define poetry of the later fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in which alliteration is a structural feature of the verse. It may be misleading if it is taken to imply that the poets are looking back to earlier manifestations of alliterative verse, or that there was a single “school” of poets imitating one another's work. Defining a body of poetry by its verse form also runs the risk of divorcing it from contemporary literature in other forms, and we shall see that alliterative poets explore the same range of issues and concerns as other writers of the age, and were enjoyed by the same readers as other kinds of writing.
A
lbion (Origin Myth)
Authors: Moll Richard J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

The story of the foundation of Albion developed in the fourteenth century as a prologue to the
Brut
narrative. It survives in two versions. In the Greek version, an unnamed Greek king marries his many daughters to neighboring nobles, but the rebellious women conspire to kill their husbands. The plot is foiled and the sisters are set adrift in a rudderless boat. Arriving on an island they name Albion after the eldest sister, Albina, the women are impregnated by incubi, and give birth to a monstrous race of giants. In the Syrian version the father is a Syrian king named Diodicias and the murder plot is successful. As prologues to the prose
Brut
(in Anglo‐Norman, Middle English, and Latin) and to many other fourteenth‐ and fifteenth‐century chronicles, both versions circulated widely throughout the later Middle Ages.
Capgrave,John
Authors: Winstead Karen A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractJohn Capgrave (c. 1393–1464), an Augustinian friar from Lynn, Norfolk, is perhaps best known as the author of an elaborate and innovative Middle English life of the virgin martyr Katherine of Alexandria. His other writings in English include lives of Saints Norbert of Xanden, Gilbert of Sempringham, and Augustine of Hippo; a guide to antiquities for pilgrims to Rome; and an “abbreviated” chronicle of history from Creation to 1417. His Latinoeuvreincludes numerous biblical commentaries and a collection of brief biographies of famous people named Henry. Capgrave freely adapted and embellished his sources. From his writings, he emerges as a committed Augustinian and advocate for wider religious education, and he evinces a deep interest in the experiences of women. Most of Capgrave's works survive in manuscripts that he either wrote himself or corrected in his own hand; some are illustrated.
Colloquies
Authors: Gwara Scott 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
As a genre, “Colloquies” differ from expository or debate dialogues. The term describes conversations meant either to convey abstruse learning or as practice for second‐language fluency. In late antiquity colloquy exercises circulated with glossaries, which were consulted for synonyms. In the Carolingian period these dialogues and glossaries were edited for use in monastic schools, for teaching Latin to non‐native speakers. Transmitted to Cornwall or Wales in the tenth century, this Carolingian resource was quickly adopted and expanded by Ælfric of Eynsham and his student Ælfric Bata.
A
rthour and
M
erlin
Authors: Calkin Siobhain Bly 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

This entry provides a brief overview of the medieval romance
Arthour and Merlin
(also known as
Of Arthour and of Merlin
), which is a Middle English translation of the Old French
Estoire de Merlin
. The entry summarizes the contents of the Middle English romance, lists its key manuscripts, and introduces readers to the main topics of critical discussion.
Chester Cycle
Authors: Rice Nicole R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Chester cycle includes 24 pageants selectively dramatizing biblical episodes from Creation to Doomsday, over half of them taken from Christ's life. Although the nature of the spectacle changed considerably over its period of performance, some form of episodic biblical drama was staged in the northwest English city of Chester from the early fifteenth to the late sixteenth century, making this cycle an extraordinarily long‐lasting public event. The content and form of Chester's cycle were closely intertwined with the city's political, economic, and religious histories.
Antisemitism
Authors: Lampert‐Weissig Lisa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractJews, who lived as vulnerable minorities in Europe and experienced episodes of persecution and violence throughout the Middle Ages, were nevertheless predominantly represented in medieval Christian culture as the perpetrators of violence against Christ and against innocent Christians. In the case of medieval Britain, these representations endured and even intensified after the Expulsion of Anglo‐Jewry in 1290.
C
haucer,
G
eoffrey
Authors: Bowers John M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1342–1400) established himself as the founding father of the English literary tradition, with a substantial output of poetry and prose, while also pursuing a career in service to the three kings Edward III, Richard II, and Henry IV. His early French‐inspired dream visions included
The Book of the Duchess,
followed in his middle career with works such as
Troilus and Criseyde
inspired by the Italian author Boccaccio. His crowning achievement came during the last decade of his life with the
Canterbury Tales,
assembling a rich cross‐section of English society telling stories that represented most medieval genres. His translation of Boethius and
Treatise on the Astrolabe
represent milestones in the history of English prose.
Biochemistry and Physiology of Alkaloids and Betalains
Authors: Roberts Margaret F. , Strack Dieter 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionNicotine and Tropane AlkaloidsPyrrolizidine AlkaloidsBenzylisoquinoline AlkaloidsMonoterpene Indole AlkaloidsErgot AlkaloidsAcridone Alkaloid BiosynthesisPurine AlkaloidsTaxolBetalainsConclusionsAcknowledgements
Plant‐Microbe Interactions and Secondary Metabolites with Antiviral, Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties
Authors: Reichling Jürgen 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Induced Local Defence by Means of Phytoalexins

Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents of Higher Plants

Secondary Metabolites from Higher Plants with Antiviral Properties

Conclusions
Genetic Analysis and Evolution of Plant Disease Resistance Genes
Authors: Dodds Peter N. , Lawrence Gregory J. , Pryor A. , Ellis Jeffrey G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionFeatures of Cloned Resistance GenesControl of Resistance Gene SpecificityDo Resistance Proteins Interact Directly with Avirulence Determinants?Organisation of Resistance Gene LociEvolution of Resistance Genes by Divergent SelectionEvolution of Resistance Genes by RecombinationConcluding Remarks
Programmed Cell Death in Plants in Response to Pathogen Attack
Authors: Birch Paul R.J. , Avrova Anna O. , Dellagi Alia , Lacomme Christophe , Cruz Simon Santa , Lyon Gary D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionComparison of the Morphologies of Apoptosis in Animals andPCDin the Plant Hypersensitive ResponseComparison of the Molecular Bases of Apoptosis in Animals andPCDin the Plant Hypersensitive ResponseConclusion: is the Plant Hypersensitive Response Apoptosis?Acknowledgements
Transgenic Approaches to Disease Resistant Plants as Exemplified by Viruses
Authors: Walsh John A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionPathogen‐Derived Resistance to Plant VirusesProkaryotic GenesNon‐Plant Eukaryotic GenesPlant GenesPerceived Risks Associated with Transgenic ResistanceConcluding RemarksAcknowledgements
Separation Characteristics of Crystalline Amino Acids with Regard to the Modularization Idea
Authors: Löbnitz Lisa , Singer Jan , Anlauf Harald , Nirschl Hermann 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the chemical and pharmaceutical industry, a fast and efficient market launch is important to withstand global competition. Apart from the innovation of new products, the development of an appropriate production line is time‐consuming. Modularization can accelerate the design and commissioning of a production plant. Herein, representative of a pharmaceutical process, the production, precisely the solid‐liquid separation, of amino acids is considered. Therefore, the separation behavior of different amino acid systems and variations within solid systems are examined. With this information, a production plant is designed and differences regarding the amino acid systems are identified.
Acid‐Functionalised Magnetic Ionic Liquid [AcMIm]FeCl4 as Catalyst for Oxidative Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids and Regioselective Friedel–Crafts Acylation
Authors: Saha Arijit , Payra Soumen , Dutta Dipa , Banerjee Subhash 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn acid‐functionalised, magnetic, room‐temperature ionic liquid, 1‐acyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([AcMIm]FeCl4), was synthesised and its optical, magnetic, and thermal properties were investigated. The magnetic moment (0.05402 emu in 2 T magnetic fields) showed strong paramagnetic behaviour, and thermogravimetric analysis indicated very good thermal stability with a decomposition temperature higher than 230 °C. Additionally, [AcMIm]FeCl4 efficiently catalysed the oxidative ipso‐hydroxylation of arylboronic acids and regioselective Friedel–Crafts acylation without external organic solvent or additives, such as acids, base, and ligands. This functionalised ionic liquid, [AcMIm]FeCl4, was recycled and reused at least six times without significant loss of its catalytic properties and stability.
Beyond temperature coupling: Effects of temperature on ectotherm signaling and mate choice and the implications for communication in multispecies assemblages
Authors: Symes Laurel B. , Rodríguez Rafael L. , Höbel Gerlinde 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMany organisms share communication channels, generating complex signaling environments that increase the risk of signal interference. Variation in abiotic conditions, such as temperature, may further exacerbate signal interference, particularly in ectotherms. We tested the effects of temperature on the pulse rate of male signals in a community of Oecanthus tree crickets, and for one focal species we also assessed its effect on female pulse rate preferences and motivation to seek mates. We confirm prior findings of temperature‐dependent signals that result in increasing signal similarity at lower temperatures. Temperature also affected several aspects of female preferences: The preferred pulse rate value was temperature dependent, and nearly perfectly coupled with signal pulse rate; the range of pulse rate values that females found attractive also increased with temperature. By contrast, the motivation of females to perform phonotaxis was unaffected by temperature. Thus, at lower temperatures the signals of closely related species were more similar and females more discriminating. However, because signal similarity increased more strongly than female discrimination, signal interference and the likelihood of mismating may increase as temperatures drop. We suggest that a community approach will be useful for understanding the role of environmental variability in the evolution of communication systems.
Drivers of landscape evolution: multiple regimes and their influence on carbon sequestration in a sub‐tropical peatland
Authors: Newman Susan , Osborne Todd Z. , Hagerthey Scot E. , Saunders Colin , Rutchey Ken , Schall Ted , Reddy Konda R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTypically, restoration goals target a point in history, i.e., the pre‐human‐influence state, however, ecosystems are dynamic and restoration goals must consider the potential evolution of the system, along with primary causes of landscape degradation and the resultant resilience. Using the Everglades as a case study, known disturbances were linked to biogeochemical and vegetation patterns to compare the divergence of the anthropogenically impacted landscape from that expected during natural peatland evolution. Specifically, landscape soil biogeochemistry of ~1,100 sites was examined in context of hydroperiod, spatial and temporal trends in water quality from the 1940s through present, elevation, and vegetation communities. This provided a link between carbon (C) accumulation and the influence of anthropogenic alterations. The network of canals created to manage water resulted in a greater ratio of surface water to rainfall contribution to the water budget, restored connectivity of groundwater to surface water, and facilitated overdrainage and mineral and nutrient enrichment of the ecosystem, causing multiple regime shifts and evidence of C loss. This study suggests that restoration can promote the accumulation of minerotrophic peats, but it is difficult to recreate the trajectory towards the ombrotrophic peatland, one of the end members and most C rich portions of the ecosystem, given changes in source waters and connectivity. In addition, a comparison with the literature and paleoecological data confirmed that while phosphorus (P) and C accumulation are positively related, even relatively small increases in P content reduced the proportional C content of peat soils. Overall, this study highlights the need to consider the potential natural trajectories of landscape development, the multiple coexisting resultant regimes, and the importance of soil biogeochemical properties when establishing and prioritizing restoration goals. Given the resilience and feedback loops of the anthropogenically impacted areas, active management of these areas may be necessary if we are to restore the vegetation community composition and biogeochemical characteristics to those of natural regimes, however, some legacy effects will constrain future restoration efforts.
Analysis of gas holdup and bubble behavior in a biopolymer solution inside a bioreactor using tomography and dynamic gas disengagement techniques
Authors: Khalili Fariba , Jafari Nasr MR , Kazemzadeh Argang , Ein‐Mozaffari Farhad 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe interfacial mass transfer rate in an aerated system vessel in which the liquid phase is in contact with the gas phase is closely related to the interfacial area between two phases. The gas–liquid interfacial area strongly depends on the bubble size, bubble size distribution, and the gas holdup. For the first time, in this study the performance of the ASI impeller was assessed by determining the bubble classes, bubble size distribution, local gas holdup, and global gas holdup in an aerated mixing system containing a highly viscous and non‐Newtonian biopolymer solution. The effects of the volumetric gas flow, impeller speed, and fluid rheology on the gas dispersion attained by the ASI impeller were investigated.RESULTSElectrical resistance tomography (ERT) was coupled with the dynamic gas disengagement (DGD) technique to determine the bubble classes, to measure the gas holdup, and to calculate the Sauter mean bubble diameter. The performance of the ASI impeller was compared with those of the pitched blade turbine and the Rushton impeller in terms of the bubble size distribution and gas holdup. The experimental data revealed that three classes of bubbles were formed within the aerated system. An empirical correlation for the gas holdup as a function of the gas flow number and apparent viscosity of fluid was developed for the aerated mixing tank equipped with the ASI impeller.CONCLUSIONThe ASI impeller effectively enhanced the breakage of the bubbles and gas holdup at the higher gas flow rates in a yield‐pseudoplastic fluid. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of bacteria isolated from textile wastewater and rhizosphere to simultaneously degrade azo dyes and promote plant growth
Authors: Shafqat Mateen , Khalid Azeem , Mahmood Tariq , Siddique Muhammad T , Han Jong‐In , Habteselassie Mussie Y 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe release of untreated textile effluent to the environment and its subsequent application to cropland poses a serious threat to human health. Various bacterial species contained in the effluent can degrade azo dyes; however, no work has been done to elucidate the role of these bacteria for plant growth promotion (PGP). This study was designed to isolate and evaluate bacterial strains carrying dual traits for azo dye degradation and PGP.RESULTSAbout 468 bacterial isolates were collected from textile effluent, sludge and dye‐contaminated soil through enrichment in mineral salt medium (MSM) containing reactive black‐5 dye (100 mg L‐1). Seven isolates (I‐15, S‐10, 7.3, 11.4, AE‐5, AE‐7 and AE‐8) with promising potential to treat the dye (100% color removal in 12–24 h) also exhibited significant production of indole acetic acid (9–21 μg mL‐1) and halo ring formation (diameter 6–11 mm), which is indicative of phosphate solubilization (P‐solubilization). Inoculation of the isolates to maize (Zea mays) plants grown in water and MSM containing the dye resulted in decolorization of the dye while significantly improving plant biomass compared with the control plants.CONCLUSIONSOur findings show that bacterial isolates possessing dual traits could be used simultaneously for textile effluent treatment and PGP. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Reverse engineering development: Crosstalk opportunities between developmental biology and tissue engineering
Authors: Marcucio Ralph S. , Qin Ling , Alsberg Eben , Boerckel Joel D. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe fields of developmental biology and tissue engineering have been revolutionized in recent years by technological advancements, expanded understanding, and biomaterials design, leading to the emerging paradigm of “developmental” or “biomimetic” tissue engineering. While developmental biology and tissue engineering have long overlapping histories, the fields have largely diverged in recent years at the same time that crosstalk opportunities for mutual benefit are more salient than ever. In this perspective article, we will use musculoskeletal development and tissue engineering as a platform on which to discuss these emerging crosstalk opportunities and will present our opinions on the bright future of these overlapping spheres of influence. The multicellular programs that control musculoskeletal development are rapidly becoming clarified, represented by shifting paradigms in our understanding of cellular function, identity, and lineage specification during development. Simultaneously, advancements in bioartificial matrices that replicate the biochemical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of developing tissues present new tools and approaches for recapitulating development in tissue engineering. Here, we introduce concepts and experimental approaches in musculoskeletal developmental biology and biomaterials design and discuss applications in tissue engineering as well as opportunities for tissue engineering approaches to inform our understanding of fundamental biology. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2356–2368, 2017.