bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confined Cu Single Sites in ZSM‐5 for Photocatalytic Hydroxylation of Benzene to Phenol
Authors: Zhang Jinwen , Ding Hongxin , Hui Hehua , Yao Qingying , Feng Wenhua , Chen Tian‐xiang , Lo Tsz Woon Benedict , Ren Yuanhang , Ye Lin , Yue Bin , He Heyong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractZeolites with band‐like charge transport properties have exhibited their potential activities in sensing, optics, and electronics. Herein, a precisely designed Cu@ZSM‐5 catalyst is presented with an ultra‐wide bandgap of 4.27 eV, showing excellent photocatalytic activity in hydroxylation of benzene with benzene conversion 27.9% and phenol selectivity 97.6%. The SXRD and Rietveld refinement results illustrate that Cu@ZSM‐5 has an average of 0.8 Cu atoms per unit cell and the single Cu atoms located in the cross‐section of the sinusoidal and straight channels. XANES and EXAFS further demonstrate that the Cu atoms have an oxidation state of +2, coordinated with three OMFI‐framework atoms and one ─OH group. Detailed characterizations demonstrate that the Cu@ZSM‐5 with tailored bandgap is able to enhance the photoinduced electron‐hole separation and hence promote selective hydroxylation of benzene to phenol via the superoxide radical route. This work may open a new way for designing electrically conductive zeolite‐supported photocatalysts.
Thermoelectric Cooling‐Oriented Large Power Factor Realized in N‐Type Bi2Te3 Via Deformation Potential Modulation and Giant Deformation
Authors: Zhang Fudong , He Mingkai , Zhu Lujun , Jia Beiquan , Shi Yalin , Wang Weishuai , Peng Zhanhui , Liang Pengfei , Chao Xiaolian , Yang Zupei , Wu Di 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThermoelectric refrigeration, utilizing Peltier effect, has great potential in all‐solid‐state active cooling field near room temperature. The performance of a thermoelectric cooling device is highly determined by the power factor of consisting materials besides the figure of merit. In this work, it is demonstrated that successive addition of Cu and Nd can realize non‐trivial modulation of deformation potential in n‐type room temperature thermoelectric material Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 and result in a significant increment of electron mobility and remarkably enhanced power factor. Following giant hot deformation process improves grain texturing and strengthens inter‐layer interaction in Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 lattice, further pushing the power factor to ≈47 µW cm−1 K−2 at 300 K and maximal figure of merit ZTmax to ≈1.34 at 423 K with average ZTave of ≈1.27 at 300–473 K. Moreover, robust compressive strength is enhanced to ≈146.6 MPa. The corresponding finite element simulations demonstrate large temperature differences ΔT of ≈70 K and a maximal coefficient of performance COP ≈ 10.6 (hot end temperature at 300 K), which can be achieved in a ten‐pair thermoelectric cooling virtual module. The strategies and results as shown in this work can further advance the application of n‐type Bi2Te3 for thermoelectric cooling.
Dynamic analysis of groundwater chemistry from 1997 to 2018 in the eastern part of Yongning County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of northwestern China: Integration of Bayesian water quality assessment and health risk assessment
Authors: Zhou Yahong , Xia Yingqiu , Zhou Jingkai , Dai Yuhan , Ma Yuetao , Xu Tiebing , Liu Zhuo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGroundwater is an important part of water resources, with many characteristics: widespreading, steady changing, good water quality, and usable. Therefore, it is an ideal drinking water source. However, with the rapidly economic development and the accelerated urbanization process, the problem of groundwater pollution has become increasingly serious. In this study, the eastern part of Yongning County was taken as the study area, 30 groundwater samples from 1997 to 1998, 2007 to 2008, and 2017 to 2018 were selected for water quality assessment and health risk assessment. The results showed that the groundwater chemical type had a tendency to change from HCO3‐Ca·Mg type to SO4·Cl‐Ca·Mg type, and the rock weathering was the important factor controlling the groundwater hydrochemistry in the eastern part of Yongning County. The water quality evaluation of Mn and As was grade II, and the water quality evaluation of Cu, Zn, Cr6+, Cd, and Mo was grade I. Both carcinogenic and non‐carcinogenic risks were higher in children than in adults, the acceptable frequency of adults was higher than that of children, and the area with higher risks was distributed in the central and easternmost regions of Yongning County. As was a more sensitive factor to carcinogenic risk than Cr6+. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the governance of As and the health of children's drinking water. Special attention also should be paid to the water environment protection in the eastern parts of Yongning County. Water quality assessment and health risk assessment in the study area lay a foundation for water pollution control and water environmental protection in the future.Practitioner Points
The hydrochemical type changes from HCO3‐Ca·Mg type to SO4·Cl‐Ca·Mg type, which is mainly affected by rock weathering.
According to the Bayesian water quality assessment: Mn and As was II, and Cr belongs to I is small.
As was the main carcinogenic factor, Mn was the main non‐carcinogenic factor, and the risk was higher in children than adults.
Analysis and calculation of scour critical velocity of suspended particles in a storm sewer
Authors: Wei Haodong , Xie Yuling , Zhou Changfeng , Tao Yang , Zhou Jingqin , Liu Cuiyun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe suspended particles in storm sewer can be easily washed away and migrated. However, few studies analyzed the scouring state of suspended particles in pipelines, and also, there was a lack of quantitative calculation. This study simulated the scouring process of suspended particles in a storm sewer with different pipe materials, and mathematical models were built for the scour critical velocity. The results showed that with the increase of particle size, density and the roughness of the pipe wall, the scour resistance of suspended particles increased, and the scouring rate decreased; therefore, the corresponding scour critical velocity increased. In accordance with the scouring rates of quartz sand and zeolite at different flow velocities in the storm sewer, the scouring state of the suspended particles could be divided into three types: no scouring, minor scouring, and massive scouring. The scour critical velocity ranges of quartz sand and zeolite with two densities in four kinds of pipes were determined, and mathematical models for the scour critical velocity of suspended particles were established. After verification, the difference rate between the calculated values and measured values was in the range of −10.56% to 6.63%, and the two values had good consistency.Practitioner Points
Scour resistance of suspended particles increases with particle size or density.
The smaller the roughness of the pipe wall, the higher the scouring rate.
Higher flow velocity leads to a higher scouring rate.
As scouring rate rises, no scouring, minor or massive scouring occur in sequence.
Difference between the calculated and measured values is from –10.56% to 6.63%.
Impact of India's flagship national health mission on governance, human resources for health, and the health system: A scoping review
Authors: Golechha Mahaveer , Bohra Tasneem , Rana Ritu , Panchamia Jallavi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe National Health Mission (NHM) was launched in India in 2005 to improve population health by restructuring the health system and enhancing primary care. After nearly 20 years, it is essential to review its impact on the health system. This scoping review is the first of its kind which aimed to review and synthesize research on the effects of the NHM on human resources for health and governance, and its overall impact on the health system. We identified 46 research articles, 19 (41%) on human resources for health, 17 (37%) on governance, and 14 (30%) studying the overall impact. Most of the research on human resources was focused on the ASHA program and RKS and VHSNC dominated governance research. Maternal and child health studies dominated the health system impact literature. Outcomes show a partial achievement of the NHM's goals. Health workforce supplementation has improved access to healthcare in rural areas but remains inadequate to rising demand. Similarly, decentralization mechanisms have improved accountability, however, more community empowerment is needed. Healthcare demand has staggered to primary care facilities and improvements in some population health indicators have been observed, but social inequities and poor care quality remain. Further research and policy initiatives are needed to address several issues such as rational resource deployment, career progression for contractually hired care providers and ASHA, building health awareness at the grassroots for better community representation, and increased attention to non‐communicable diseases, mental health, and the impacts of aging and climate change.
Toward More Gender-Inclusive Game Jams and Hackathons
Authors: Gama Kiev , Paganini Lavinia , Prado Rafa , Ferraz Claudia , Coutinho Dayanne , Mendes Wendy , Pinto Gustavo , Valença George 
Published: September 2024

AbstractKiev Gama, Lavinia Paganini, Rafa Prado, Claudia Ferraz, Dayanne Coutinho, Wendy Mendes, Gustavo Pinto, and George Valença
UI Development Experiences of Programmers with Visual Impairments in Product Teams
Authors: Pandey Maulishree , Bondre Sharvari , Kameswaran Vaishnav , Rao Hrishikesh , O’Modhrain Sile , Oney Steve 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMaulishree Pandey, Sharvari Bondre, Vaishnav Kameswaran, Hrishikesh Rao, Sile O’Modhrain, and Steve Oney
Purely flavored leptogenesis from a sudden mass gain of right-handed neutrinos
Authors: Zhao Zhen-hua , Zhang Jing , Wu Xiang-Yi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we would like to point out that in the scenario that the right-handed neutrinos suddenly gain some masses much larger than the temperature of the Universe at that time so that the washout effects for the lepton asymmetry generated from their decays can be neglected safely, the purely flavored leptogenesis scenario (in which the total CP asymmetries for the decays of the right-handed neutrinos are vanishing and the successful leptogenesis is realized by virtue of the flavor non-universality of the washout effects) cannot work in the usual way any more. For this problem, we put forward that the flavor non-universality of the conversion efficiencies from the flavored lepton asymmetries to the baryon asymmetry via the sphaleron processes may play a crucial role. And we will study if the requisite baryon asymmetry can be successfully reproduced from such a mechanism in the scenarios that the right-handed neutrino masses are hierarchical and nearly degenerate, respectively. A detailed study shows that this mechanism can be viable in both these two scenarios.
Strongly vs. weakly coupled in-medium showers: energy stopping in large-Nf QED
Authors: Arnold Peter , Elgedawy Omar , Iqbal Shahin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Inside a medium, showers originating from a very high-energy particle may develop via medium-induced splitting processes such as hard bremsstrahlung or pair production. During shower development, two consecutive splittings sometimes overlap quantum mechanically, so that they cannot be treated independently. Some of these effects can be absorbed into an effective value of a medium parameter known as $$ \hat{q} $$

q
̂

. Previous calculations (with certain simplifying assumptions) have found that, after adjusting the value of $$ \hat{q} $$

q
̂

, the leftover effect of overlapping splittings is quite small for purely gluonic large-Nc showers but is very much larger for large-Nf QED showers, at comparable values of Nα. Those works did not quite make for apples-to-apples comparisons: the gluon shower work investigated energy deposition from a gluon-initiated shower, whereas the QED work investigated charge-deposition from an electron-initiated shower. As a first step to tighten up the comparison, this paper investigates energy deposition in the QED case. Along the way, we develop a framework that should be useful in the future to explore whether the very small effect of overlapping splitting in purely gluonic showers is an artifact of having ignored quarks.
Determinants of digital well-being
Authors: Mayiwar Lewend , Asutay Erkin , Tinghög Gustav , Västfjäll Daniel , Barrafrem Kinga 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHow can people lead fulfilling lives both thanks to and despite the constant use of digital media and artificial intelligence? While the prevailing narrative often portrays these technologies as generally harmful to well-being, the reality is of course more nuanced—some individuals benefit, while others do not. Existing research has predominantly focused on the general consequences of digital media on well-being, with less attention given to the individual-level antecedents of digital well-being. In the present study, we aimed to identify the traits and characteristics of individuals who use digital tools in ways that promote their well-being. Using a large representative sample from Sweden (N = 1999), we explore how digital self-control, digital literacy (objective and subjective), and digital information ignorance predict digital well-being, life satisfaction, and social anxiety. Digital self-control and subjective digital literacy positively predicted digital well-being. Digital self-control also predicted greater life satisfaction. Finally, digital information ignorance predicted increased life satisfaction and social anxiety. Overall, the current study contributes to a growing literature on digital well-being by exploring its antecedents.
Homogenization of Griffith’s Criterion for Brittle Laminates
Authors: Negri Matteo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe consider a periodic, linear elastic laminate with a brittle crack, evolving along a prescribed path according to Griffith’s criterion. We study the homogenized limit of this evolution, as the size of the layers vanishes. The limit evolution is governed again by Griffith’s criterion, in terms of the energy release (of the homogenized elastic energy) and an effective toughness, which, in general, differs from the $$\hbox {weak}^*$$

weak
∗

limit of the periodic toughness. We provide a variational characterization of the effective toughness and, by the energy identity, we link the toughening effect (in the limit) to the micro-instabilities of the evolution (in the periodic laminate). Finally, we provide a couple of explicit calculations of the effective toughness in the anti-plane setting, showing, in particular, an example of toughening by elastic contrast.
Tanycytes from a bird’s eye view: gene expression profiling of the tanycytic region under different seasonal states in the Svalbard ptarmigan
Authors: Appenroth Daniel , West Alexander C. , Wood Shona H. , Hazlerigg David G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In mammals and birds, tanycytes are known to regulate thyroid hormone conversion, and this process is central to the control of seasonal reproduction. In mammals, this cell type is also implicated in retinoic acid signalling, neurogenesis, and nutritional gatekeeping, all of which have been linked to hypothalamic regulation of energy metabolism. Less is known about these potential wider roles of tanycytes in birds. To address this gap, we combined LASER capture microdissection and transcriptomics to profile the tanycytic region in male Svalbard ptarmigan, a High Arctic species with photoperiod-dependent seasonal rhythms in reproductive activation and body mass. Short photoperiod (SP) adapted birds were transferred to constant light (LL) to trigger breeding and body mass loss. After five months under LL, the development of photorefractoriness led to spontaneous re-emergence of the winter phenotype, marked by the termination of breeding and gain in body mass. The transfer from SP to LL initiated gene expression changes in both thyroid hormone and retinoic acid pathways, as described in seasonal mammals. Furthermore, transcriptomic signatures of cell differentiation and migration were observed. Comparison to data from Siberian hamsters demonstrated that a photoperiod-dependent re-organisation of the hypothalamic tanycytic region is likely a conserved feature. Conversely, the spontaneous development of photorefractoriness showed a surprisingly small number of genes that reverted in expression level, despite reversal of the reproductive and metabolic phenotype. Our data suggest general conservation of tanycyte biology between photoperiodic birds and mammals and raise questions about the mechanistic origins of the photorefractory state.
A universal material model subroutine for soft matter systems
Authors: Peirlinck Mathias , Hurtado Juan A. , Rausch Manuel K. , Tepole Adrián Buganza , Kuhl Ellen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSoft materials play an integral part in many aspects of modern life including autonomy, sustainability, and human health, and their accurate modeling is critical to understand their unique properties and functions. Today’s finite element analysis packages come with a set of pre-programmed material models, which may exhibit restricted validity in capturing the intricate mechanical behavior of these materials. Regrettably, incorporating a modified or novel material model in a finite element analysis package requires non-trivial in-depth knowledge of tensor algebra, continuum mechanics, and computer programming, making it a complex task that is prone to human error. Here we design a universal material subroutine, which automates the integration of novel constitutive models of varying complexity in non-linear finite element packages, with no additional analytical derivations and algorithmic implementations. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach to seamlessly integrate innovative constitutive models from the material point to the structural level through a variety of soft matter case studies: a frontal impact to the brain; reconstructive surgery of the scalp; diastolic loading of arteries and the human heart; and the dynamic closing of the tricuspid valve. Our universal material subroutine empowers all users, not solely experts, to conduct reliable engineering analysis of soft matter systems. We envision that this framework will become an indispensable instrument for continued innovation and discovery within the soft matter community at large.
Percent Predicted vs. Absolute Six-Minute Walk Distance as Predictors of Lung Transplant-Free Survival in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Zanini Umberto , Ding Jane , Luppi Fabrizio , Kaur Karina , Anzani Niccolò , Franco Giovanni , Ferrara Giovanni , Kalluri Meena , Mura Marco 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) often progress despite treatment and become life-threatening, with lung transplant (LTx) remaining the only curative option. Six-minute walk distance (6MWD) is increasingly recognized as reliable predictor of clinical course, especially when longitudinally considered. The use of reference equations to express 6MWD as percent predicted (6MWD%) has not been previously studied in fibrosing ILDs. We sought to investigate whether the prognostic power of 6MWD% is superior to that of 6MWD expressed in meters (6MWD-m).

Methods
A retrospective, multicenter cohort analysis was conducted on both idiopathic pulmonary (IPF) and non-IPF fibrosing ILD patients. Patients were divided into a discovery (n = 211) and a validation (n = 260) cohort. Longitudinal changes of 6MWD% and lung function parameters were simultaneously considered. LTx-free survival at 3 years from baseline was the endpoint. Competing risks of death and LTx were considered.

Results
Baseline 6MWD% and its longitudinal changes were significant predictors of LTx-free survival and independent from lung function variables. In both cohorts, on multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analysis, receiver operating characteristics analysis and Kaplan–Meier estimates, 6MWD% was consistently, but only slightly superior to 6MWD-m as a predictor of LTx-free survival.

Conclusion
6MWD% has only a slight, yet detectable advantage over 6MWD-m as a predictor of survival in fibrosing ILDs. Utilizing 6MWD% may aid in risk stratification, treatment monitoring, and LTx timing optimization. However, available reference equations do have predicting limitations. Refined predictive equations and standardizing reporting practices are therefore needed to further enhance the clinical utility of 6MWD% in fibrosing ILDs.
Einfluss des G-DRG-Systems auf die rekonstruktive Behandlung des Mundhöhlenkarzinoms: Ethische Implikationen und innermedizinische Rationalität
Authors: Hell Berthold , Groß Dominik , Schleidgen Sebastian , Wilhelmy Saskia 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Das German Diagnosis Related Groups (G-DRG)-System hat zu einem weitgehend erlösorientierten Krankenhausfinanzierungssystem geführt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die ethischen Implikationen und Folgen dieses Systems am Beispiel rekonstruktiver Maßnahmen (Defektversorgung) bei Patient*innen mit Mundhöhlenkarzinomen herausgearbeitet. Dabei gilt es zugleich, das Wechselspiel von G‑DRG-System und Leitlinienentwicklung zu beleuchten. Vorangestellt werden einführende Angaben zum Mundhöhlenkarzinom und den bestehenden Behandlungsoptionen: konventionelle Rekonstruktionstechnik versus kostenintensive High-End-Chirurgie.
Methodische Grundlage und argumentativer Bezugspunkt der Arbeit ist das theoretische Fallszenario „Versorgung mittelgroßer Defekte nach Tumorresektion“.
Das G‑DRG-System und die dadurch geschaffenen ökonomischen Anreize haben weitreichende ethische Implikationen in der bedarfsorientierten Behandlung von Patient*innen und führen zu mehrdimensionalen Wechselwirkungen. Die bestehende Tendenz zur High-End-Chirurgie birgt das Risiko der Über- und Fehlversorgung und läuft demnach den Prinzipien Benefizienz und Nonmalefizienz zuwider. Die einseitige Indikationsstellung zugunsten der High-End-Chirurgie lässt zudem auf eine direktive Patientenaufklärung schließen (Verstoß gegen das Prinzip des Respekts der Patientenautonomie). Kostspielige High-End-Verfahren konterkarieren überdies das Wirtschaftlichkeitsgebot und berühren somit zugleich Fragen der Verteilungsgerechtigkeit. Schließlich wirkt die klinische Bevorzugung von High-End-Verfahren auch auf die innermedizinische Logik, namentlich auf die Publikationslandschaft (publication bias), die Ausgestaltung der betreffenden Leitlinien sowie auf die chirurgische Expertise.
Zu fordern ist eine Sensibilisierung aller in der Chirurgie tätigen Akteur*innen (Chirurg*innen; Leitlinienexpert*innen, Gutachter*innen).