bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerations for the Selection of Time-Limited Walk Tests Poststroke: A Systematic Review of Test Protocols and Measurement Properties
Authors: Salbach Nancy M. , O'Brien Kelly K. , Brooks Dina , Irvin Emma , Martino Rosemary , Takhar Pam , Chan Sylvia , Howe Jo-Anne 
Published: December 2016

Background and Purpose:
Systematic reviews of research evidence describing the quality and methods for administering standardized outcome measures are essential to developing recommendations for their clinical application. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the research literature describing test protocols and measurement properties of time-limited walk tests in people poststroke.

Methods:
Following an electronic search of 7 bibliographic data-bases, 2 authors independently screened titles and abstracts. One author identified eligible articles, and performed quality appraisal and data extraction.

Results:
Of 12 180 records identified, 43 articles were included. Among 5 walk tests described, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was most frequently evaluated (n = 36). Only 5 articles included participants in the acute phase (<1 month) poststroke. Within tests, protocols varied. Walkway length and walking aid, but not turning direction, influenced 6MWT performance. Intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability were 0.68 to 0.71 (12MWT) and 0.80 to 1.00 (2-, 3-, 5- and 6MWT). Minimal detectable change values at the 90% confidence level were 11.4 m (2MWT), 24.4 m (5MWT), and 27.7 to 52.1 m (6MWT; n = 6). Moderate-to-strong correlations (≥0.5) between 6MWT distance and balance, motor function, walking speed, mobility, and stair capacity were consistently observed (n = 33). Moderate-to-strong correlations between 5MWT performance and walking speed/independence (n = 1), and between 12MWT performance and balance, motor function, and walking speed (n = 1) were reported.

Discussion and Conclusions:
Strong evidence of the reliability and construct validity of using the 6MWT poststroke exists; studies in the acute phase are lacking. Because protocol variations influence performance, a standardized 6MWT protocol poststroke for use across the care continuum is needed.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A150).
Is Fixing Pediatric Nail Bed Injuries With Medical Adhesives as Effective as Suturing?
Authors: Edwards Sarah , Parkinson Leesa 
Published: December 2016

Objectives
Nail bed injuries are common in children, with nail bed damage accounting for 15% to 24% of fingertip injuries. Our objective was to see whether medical adhesives, the cyanoacrylates including Histoacryl and Dermabond, could be used to fix nail bed lacerations as opposed to doing a primary repair with sutures, thus potentially being a quicker method for repair in the emergency department for these injuries.

Methods
We conducted a literature review using the search engines MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and the references within these articles were also integrated. All articles in English were searched. Search terms included “nail bed repair,” “nail bed laceration repair,” and “cyanoacrylate.”

Results
A total of 6 articles were found using the previously mentioned search terms. Four articles using 2-octyl cyanoacrylate or Dermabond for the repair of nail bed injuries were found, with 2 additional articles describing the use of Histoacryl—n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate—for nail injury repairs.

Conclusions
The 6 articles discussed in this article include approximately 118 patients' worth of data including a mix of adult and pediatric patients. Despite the small numbers and variety of types of study, it is encouraging that there are so many positive results. Cryoacrylates such as Dermabond or Histoacryl maybe useful to assist with nail injuries in children. Therefore, we feel that using a medical adhesive is as effective as suturing nail bed injuries in children.
Successful Management of Fulminant Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Its Complications
Authors: Kamei Atsushi , Akasaka Manami , Araya Nami , Ishikawa Ken , Takada Akira , Furukawa Hiromi , Tanifuji Sachiko , Asami Maya , Nasu Yurie , Oyama Kotaro , Chida Shoichi 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
A 3-year-old girl presented with muscle weakness of her limbs and trunk 6 days after developing symptoms of common cold. Two days later, she experienced respiratory arrest with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3, necessitating endotracheal intubation. Therefore, she was transferred to our hospital with suspected acute encephalopathy. Although no abnormalities were observed on brain and spinal magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography, peripheral nerve conduction velocity tests failed to evoke motor and sensory nerve action potentials. Thus, we gave a diagnosis of fulminant Guillain-Barré syndrome and initiated immunoglobulin therapy. On day 3 of admission, she developed sinus tachycardia that induced circulatory failure and oliguria, which was successfully treated with landiolol. Subsequently, we performed plasmapheresis followed by immunoglobulin and steroid pulse therapies. She was weaned off the mechanical ventilator by day 20 of admission, was ambulatory by day 44, and had completely recovered without any adverse sequelae by day 55. In conclusion, landiolol was effective for treating acute sinus tachycardia–induced circulatory failure and played a key role in saving the life of this patient.
Strain rate sensitivity of the tensile strength of two silicon carbides: experimental evidence and micromechanical modelling
Authors: Zinszner Jean-Luc , Erzar Benjamin , Forquin Pascal 
Published: December 2016

Ceramic materials are commonly used to design multi-layer armour systems thanks to their favourable physical and mechanical properties. However, during an impact event, fragmentation of the ceramic plate inevitably occurs due to its inherent brittleness under tensile loading. Consequently, an accurate model of the fragmentation process is necessary in order to achieve an optimum design for a desired armour configuration. In this work, shockless spalling tests have been performed on two silicon carbide grades at strain rates ranging from 103to 104 s−1using a high-pulsed power generator. These spalling tests characterize the tensile strength strain rate sensitivity of each ceramic grade. The microstructural properties of the ceramics appear to play an important role on the strain rate sensitivity and on the dynamic tensile strength. Moreover, this experimental configuration allows for recovering damaged, but unbroken specimens, giving unique insight on the fragmentation process initiated in the ceramics. All the collected data have been compared with corresponding results of numerical simulations performed using the Denoual–Forquin–Hild anisotropic damage model. Good agreement is observed between numerical simulations and experimental data in terms of free surface velocity, size and location of the damaged zones along with crack density in these damaged zones.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Experimental testing and modelling of brittle materials at high strain rates’.
Use of simulated experiments for material characterization of brittle materials subjected to high strain rate dynamic tension
Authors: Lukić Bratislav , Saletti Dominique , Forquin Pascal 
Published: December 2016

Rapid progress in ultra-high-speed imaging has allowed material properties to be studied at high strain rates by applying full-field measurements and inverse identification methods. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of these techniques still requires a better understanding, since various extrinsic factors present during an actual experiment make it difficult to separate different sources of errors that can significantly affect the quality of the identified results. This study presents a methodology using simulated experiments to investigate the accuracy of the so-called spalling technique (used to study tensile properties of concrete subjected to high strain rates) by numerically simulating the entire identification process. The experimental technique uses the virtual fields method and the grid method. The methodology consists of reproducing the recording process of an ultra-high-speed camera by generating sequences of synthetically deformed images of a sample surface, which are then analysed using the standard tools. The investigation of the uncertainty of the identified parameters, such as Young's modulus along with the stress–strain constitutive response, is addressed by introducing the most significant user-dependent parameters (i.e. acquisition speed, camera dynamic range, grid sampling, blurring), proving that the used technique can be an effective tool for error investigation.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Experimental testing and modelling of brittle materials at high strain rates’.
Effects of strain rate and surface cracks on the mechanical behaviour of Balmoral Red granite
Authors: Mardoukhi Ahmad , Mardoukhi Yousof , Hokka Mikko , Kuokkala Veli-Tapani 
Published: December 2016

This work presents a systematic study on the effects of strain rate and surface cracks on the mechanical properties and behaviour of Balmoral Red granite. The tensile behaviour of the rock was studied at low and high strain rates using Brazilian disc samples. Heat shocks were used to produce samples with different amounts of surface cracks. The surface crack patterns were analysed using optical microscopy, and the complexity of the patterns was quantified by calculating the fractal dimensions of the patterns. The strength of the rock clearly drops as a function of increasing fractal dimensions in the studied strain rate range. However, the dynamic strength of the rock drops significantly faster than the quasi-static strength, and, because of this, also the strain rate sensitivity of the rock decreases with increasing fractal dimensions. This can be explained by the fracture behaviour and fragmentation during the dynamic loading, which is more strongly affected by the heat shock than the fragmentation at low strain rates.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Experimental testing and modelling of brittle materials at high strain rates’.
An improved computational constitutive model for glass
Authors: Holmquist Timothy J. , Johnson Gordon R. , Gerlach Charles A. 
Published: December 2016

In 2011, Holmquist and Johnson presented a model for glass subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high pressures. It was later shown that this model produced solutions that were severely mesh dependent, converging to a solution that was much too strong. This article presents an improved model for glass that uses a new approach to represent the interior and surface strength that is significantly less mesh dependent. This new formulation allows for the laboratory data to be accurately represented (including the high tensile strength observed in plate-impact spall experiments) and produces converged solutions that are in good agreement with ballistic data. The model also includes two new features: one that decouples the damage model from the strength model, providing more flexibility in defining the onset of permanent deformation; the other provides for a variable shear modulus that is dependent on the pressure. This article presents a review of the original model, a description of the improved model and a comparison of computed and experimental results for several sets of ballistic data. Of special interest are computed and experimental results for two impacts onto a single target, and the ability to compute the damage velocity in agreement with experiment data.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Experimental testing and modelling of brittle materials at high strain rates’.
Chromosomal rearrangements are commonly post-transcriptionally attenuated in cancer
Authors: Gonçalves Emanuel , Fragoulis Athanassios , Garcia-Alonso Luz , Cramer Thorsten , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Beltrao Pedro 
Published: December 2016

AbstractChromosomal rearrangements, despite being detrimental, are ubiquitous in cancer and often act as driver events. The effect of copy number variations (CNVs) on the cellular proteome of tumours is poorly understood. Therefore, we have analysed recently generated proteogenomic data-sets on 282 tumour samples to investigate the impact of CNVs in the proteome of these cells. We found that CNVs are post-transcriptionally attenuated in 23-33% of proteins with an enrichment for protein complexes. Complex subunits are highly co-regulated and some act as rate-limiting steps of complex assembly, indirectly controlling the abundance of other complex members. We identified 48 such regulatory interactions and experimentally validated AP3B1 and GTF2E2 as controlling subunits. Lastly, we found that a gene-signature of protein attenuation is associated with increased resistance to chaperone and proteasome inhibitors. This study highlights the importance of post-transcriptional mechanisms in cancer which allow cells to cope with their altered genomes.
Protein phosphatase 1 down regulates ZYG-1 levels to limit centriole duplication
Authors: Peel Nina , Iyer Jyoti , Naik Anar , Dougherty Michael P , Decker Markus , O’Connell Kevin F 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn humans perturbations of centriole number are associated with tumorigenesis and microcephaly, therefore appropriate regulation of centriole duplication is critical. TheC. eleganshomolog of Plk4, ZYG-1, is required for centriole duplication, but our understanding of how ZYG-1 levels are regulated remains incomplete. We have identified the two PP1 orthologs, GSP-1 and GSP-2, and their regulators I-2szy-2and SDS-22 as key regulators of ZYG-1 protein levels. We find that down-regulation of PP1 activity either directly, or by mutation ofszy-2orsds-22can rescue the loss of centriole duplication associated with azyg-1hypomorphic allele. Suppression is achieved through an increase in ZYG-1 levels, and our data indicate that PP1 normally regulates ZYG-1 through a post-translational mechanism. While moderate inhibition of PP1 activity can restore centriole duplication to azyg-1mutant, strong inhibition of PP1 in a wild-type background leads to centriole amplification via the production of more than one daughter centriole. Our results thus define a new pathway that limits the number of daughter centrioles produced each cycle.Author SummaryThe centrosomes are responsible for organizing the mitotic spindle a microtubule-based structure that centers, then segregates, the chromosomes during cell division. When a cell divides it normally possesses two centrosomes, allowing it to build a bipolar spindle and accurately segregate the chromosomes to two daughter cells. Appropriate control of centrosome number is therefore crucial to maintaining genome stability. Centrosome number is largely controlled by their regulated duplication. In particular, the protein Plk4, which is essential for duplication, must be strictly limited as an overabundance leads to excess centrosome duplication. We have identified protein phosphatase 1 as a critical regulator of theC. elegansPlk4 homolog (known as ZYG-1). When protein phosphatase 1 is down-regulated, ZYG-1 levels increase leading to centrosome amplification. Thus our work identifies a novel mechanism that limits centrosome duplication.
Genetic overlap between educational attainment, schizophrenia and autism
Authors: Warrier Varun , Bethlehem Richard AI , Geschwind Daniel H , Baron-Cohen Simon 
Published: December 2016

AbstractImportanceThe genetic relationship between cognition, autism, and schizophrenia is complex. It is unclear how genes that contribute to cognition also contribute to risk for autism and schizophrenia.ObjectiveTo investigate the interaction between genes related to cognition (measured via proxy through educational attainment, which we call ‘edu genes’) and genes/biological pathways that are atypical in autism and schizophrenia.DesignGenetic correlation and enrichment analysis were conducted to identify the interaction between edu genes and risk genes and biological pathways for autism or schizophrenia.ResultsFirst, edu genes are enriched in a specific developmental co-expression module that is also enriched for high confidence autism risk genes. Second, modules enriched for genes that are dysregulated in autism and schizophrenia are also enriched for edu genes. Finally, genes that overlap between the two above modules and educational attainment are significantly enriched for genes that flank human accelerated regions, suggesting increased positive selection for the overlapping gene sets.ConclusionOur results identify distinct co-expression modules where risk genes for the two psychiatric conditions interact with edu genes. This suggests specific pathways that contribute to both cognitive deficits and cognitive talents, in individuals with schizophrenia or autism.Key PointsQuestionHow do genes for educational attainment interact with risk genes for autism and schizophrenia?FindingsWe show that genes for educational attainment (edu genes) are significantly likely to be mutated in autism and intellectual disability. We further show that edu genes also interact with co-expression modules that are associated with autism or schizophrenia and are enriched for differentially expressed genes in autism or schizophrenia. Finally, we identify that the enrichment between risk genes for autism and schizophrenia and human accelerated regions are driven, in part, by their overlap with edu genes.MeaningEdu genes interact with schizophrenia and autism risk genes in specific pathways, contributing to both cognitive deficits and talents.
Quantitative characterization of the X-ray beam at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL)
Authors: Stevenson Andrew W. , Crosbie Jeffrey C. , Hall Christopher J. , Häusermann Daniel , Livingstone Jayde , Lye Jessica E. 
Published: December 2016

A critical early phase for any synchrotron beamline involves detailed testing, characterization and commissioning; this is especially true of a beamline as ambitious and complex as the Imaging & Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the Australian Synchrotron. IMBL staff and expert users have been performing precise experiments aimed at quantitative characterization of the primary polychromatic and monochromatic X-ray beams, with particular emphasis placed on the wiggler insertion devices (IDs), the primary-slit system and any in vacuo and ex vacuo filters. The findings from these studies will be described herein. These results will benefit IMBL and other users in the future, especially those for whom detailed knowledge of the X-ray beam spectrum (or `quality') and flux density is important. This information is critical for radiotherapy and radiobiology users, who ultimately need to know (to better than 5%) what X-ray dose or dose rate is being delivered to their samples. Various correction factors associated with ionization-chamber (IC) dosimetry have been accounted for, e.g. ion recombination, electron-loss effects. A new and innovative approach has been developed in this regard, which can provide confirmation of key parameter values such as the magnetic field in the wiggler and the effective thickness of key filters. IMBL commenced operation in December 2008 with an Advanced Photon Source (APS) wiggler as the (interim) ID. A superconducting multi-pole wiggler was installed and operational in January 2013. Results are obtained for both of these IDs and useful comparisons are made. A comprehensive model of the IMBL has been developed, embodied in a new computer program named spec.exe, which has been validated against a variety of experimental measurements. Having demonstrated the reliability and robustness of the model, it is then possible to use it in a practical and predictive manner. It is hoped that spec.exe will prove to be a useful resource for synchrotron science in general, and for hard X-ray beamlines, whether they are based on bending magnets or insertion devices, in particular. In due course, it is planned to make spec.exe freely available to other synchrotron scientists.
Sea fish fraud? A confirmation of Gadoid species food labelling
Authors: Kyrova Veronika , Surmanova Pavla , Ostry Vladimir , Rehurkova Irena , Ruprich Jiri , Jechova Marie 
Published: December 2016

PurposeGadoid fish and hake are the species of fishes most frequently imported to the Czech Republic. The purpose of this paper, cross-country hygiene study, is to determine sea fish fraud labelling on the Czech market and catering.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 57 samples of commercial Gadoid fish product from different manufacturers, distributors and catering facilities were gathered. Gadidae family, hake (Merlucciusspp. Raf.), saithe (Pollachius virensL.), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhuaL.), Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogrammaPall.), were detected in fish meat, fish products and fish meals by the qualitative PCR method.FindingsIn total, 47 samples were labelled as a Gadoid fish, which were confirmed in 43 cases. Six samples were labelled as a hake and were confirmed in five samples. Four samples were labelled as a fish fillets. Three samples of fish fillets were identified as a hake and one sample was detected as a mixture of Alaska pollock and Atlantic cod.Social implicationsIn recent years, due to increasing interest from consumers in the sea fish meat market, accurate Identification of fish species has become more important. The mislabelling of sea fish species, whether intentional or not, was on observed on the Czech market and in catering facilities. Economic factors influence the accuracy of labelling of fish meat, which is a concern as mislabelling can threaten public health.Originality/valueThe study was concentrated on the monitoring of hygiene and quality of food products and catering facilities. This study provides greater awareness of the condition and quality of food on the market and to the extent of fraudulent practices amongst dealers and producers.
Food integrity: a market-based solution
Authors: Wang Chao-shih , Van Fleet David D. , Mishra Ashok K. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to proffer an alternative conceptualization of food integrity and a market-based food integrity intelligence system.

Design/methodology/approach
Food fraud is interpreted as a symptom of asymmetric knowledge. Consumer collaboration for knowledge exchange and diffusion of innovation (KEDI) safeguards food markets. The concept of communicative action is applied to conceptualize and analyze key elements for designing a collaborative food integrity intelligence system.

Findings
The model of market-based KEDI consists of three dimensions: intelligence flows, organization memory, and social sensitivities. Decentralized control is crucial to effect system innovation.

Originality/value
The paper integrates managerial, marketing, and economic approaches and develops a model for managing food integrity intelligence.