bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Amidine‐Type n‐Dopant for Solution‐Processed Field‐Effect Transistors and Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Lin , Liu Tiefeng , Duan Jiashun , Ma Xiaoyi , Ge Congwu , Jiang Youyu , Qin Fei , Xiong Sixing , Jiang Fangyuan , Hu Bin , Gao Xike , Yi Yuanping , Zhou Yinhua 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study reports an effective amidine‐type n‐dopant of 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) that can universally dope electron acceptors, including PC61BM, N2200, and ITIC, by mixing the dopant with the acceptors in organic solvents or exposing the acceptor films in the dopant vapor. The doping mechanism is due to its strong electron‐donating property that is also confirmed via the chemical reduction of PEDOT:PSS (yielding color change). The DBU doping considerably increases the electrical conductivity and shifts the Fermi levels up of the PC61BM films. When the DBU‐doped PC61BM is used as an electron‐transporting layer in perovskite solar cells, the n‐doping removes the “S‐shape” of J–V characteristics, which leads to the fill factor enhancement from 0.54 to 0.76. Furthermore, the DBU doping can effectively lower the threshold voltage and enhance the electron mobility of PC61BM‐based n‐channel field‐effect transistors. These results show that the DBU can be a promising n‐dopant for solution‐processed electronics.
Use of iDXA spine scans to evaluate total and visceral abdominal fat
Authors: Bea J. W. , Hsu C‐H , Blew R. M. , Irving A. P. , Caan B. J. , Kwan M. L. , Abraham I. , Going S. B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesAbdominal fat may be a better predictor than body mass index (BMI) for risk of metabolically‐related diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. We sought to validate the percent fat reported on dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) regional spine scans (spine fat fraction, SFF) against abdominal fat obtained from total body scans using the iDXA machine (General Electric, Madison, WI), as previously done on the Prodigy model.MethodsTotal body scans and regional spine scans were completed on the same day (N = 50). In alignment with the Prodigy‐based study, the following regions of interest (ROI) were assessed from total body scans and compared to the SFF from regional spine scans: total abdominal fat at (1) lumbar vertebrae L2‐L4 and (2) L2‐Iliac Crest (L2‐IC); (3) total trunk fat; and (4) visceral fat in the android region. Separate linear regression models were used to predict each total body scan ROI from SFF; models were validated by bootstrapping.ResultsThe sample was 84% female, a mean age of 38.5 ± 17.4 years, and mean BMI of 23.0 ± 3.8 kg/m2. The SFF, adjusted for BMI, predicted L2‐L4 and L2‐IC total abdominal fat (%; Adj.R2: 0.90) and total trunk fat (%; Adj.R2: 0.88) well; visceral fat (%) adjustedR2was 0.83. Linear regression models adjusted for additional participant characteristics resulted in similar adjustedR2values.ConclusionsThis replication of the strong correlation between SFF and abdominal fat measures on the iDXA in a new population confirms the previous Prodigy model findings and improves generalizability.
Room‐temperature Synthesis of Amorphous Molybdenum Oxide Nanodots with Tunable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances
Authors: Zhu Chuanhui , Xu Qun , Ji Liang , Ren Yumei , Fang Mingming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors have recently emerged as a remarkable class of plasmonic alternative to conventional noble metals. However, tuning of their plasmonic resonances towards different wavelengths in the visible‐light region with physical or chemical methods still remains challenging. In this work, we design a simple room‐temperature chemical reaction route to synthesize amorphous molybdenum oxide (MoO3−x) nanodots that exhibit strong localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) in the visible and near‐infrared region. Moreover, tunable plasmon resonances can be achieved in a wide range with the changing surrounding solvent, and accordingly the photoelectrocatalytic activity can be optimized with the varying LSPR peaks. This work boosts the light–matter interaction at the nanoscale and could enable photodetectors, sensors, and photovoltaic devices in the future.
Exponential Consensus for Nonlinear Multi‐Agent Systems with Communication and Input Delays via Hybrid Control
Authors: Wang Yangling , Cao Jinde , Wang Haijun , Alsaedi Ahmed , Alsaadi Fuad E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the exponential leader‐following consensus for nonlinear multi‐agent systems with time‐varying communication and input delays by using hybrid control. Based on the Lyapunov functional method, impulsive differential equation theory and matrix analysis, we show that all the followers can achieve leader‐following consensus with the virtual leader exponentially even if only a fraction of followers can obtain the leader's information. Two classes of exponential consensus criteria as well as the convergence rates for the controlled multi‐agent systems are presented under very relaxed interaction topology conditions, i.e., the directed interaction topology among the followers is only required to have p(p>1) disjoint strong components. Finally, two numerical examples are given to validate the proposed theoretical results.
Use of Bayesian Inference for Parameter Recovery in DC and AC Voltammetry
Authors: Gavaghan David J. , Cooper Jonathan , Daly Aidan C. , Gill Christopher , Gillow Kathryn , Robinson Martin , Simonov Alexandr N. , Zhang Jie , Bond Alan M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe describe the use of Bayesian inference for quantitative comparison of voltammetric methods for investigating electrode kinetics. We illustrate the utility of the approach by comparing the information content in both DC and AC voltammetry at a planar electrode for the case of a quasi‐reversible one electron reaction mechanism. Using synthetic data (i. e. simulated data based on Butler‐Volmer electrode kinetics for which the true parameter values are known and to which realistic levels of simulated experimental noise have been added), we are able to show that AC voltammetry is less affected by experimental noise (so that in effect it has a greater information content then the corresponding DC measurement) and hence yields more accurate estimates of the experimental parameters for a given level of noise. Significantly, the AC approach is shown to be able to distinguish higher values of the rate constant. The results of using synthetic data are then confirmed for an illustrative case of experimental data for the [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− process.
A Dithiol Compound Binds to the Zinc Finger Protein TRAF6 and Suppresses Its Ubiquitination
Authors: Koga Ryoko , Radwan Mohamed O. , Ejima Tomohiko , Kanemaru Yosuke , Tateishi Hiroshi , Ali Taha F. S. , Ciftci Halil Ibrahim , Shibata Yuri , Taguchi Yuu , Inoue Jun‐ichiro , Otsuka Masami , Fujita Mikako 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDespite various inhibitors targeting the zinc center(s) of enzymes, drugs that target zinc fingers have not been examined in detail. We previously developed a dithiol compound named SN‐1 that has an inhibitory effect on the function of zinc finger transcription factors, but its mechanism of action has not yet been elucidated. To establish a general principle for new drugs, the details of the action of SN‐1 against a zinc finger protein were examined. As a zinc‐finger‐containing protein, we focused on TRAF6, which is related to cancer and inflammation. Binding of SN‐1 to TRAF6 and its effect on TRAF6 ubiquitination were examined in vitro, and the binding mode was calculated by computational methodology. Furthermore, ubiquitination of TRAF6 and downstream signaling was examined by cell‐based experiments. The results show that SN‐1 binds to TRAF6, inhibiting its auto‐ubiquitination and downstream NF‐κB signaling. Docking studies indicate that SN‐1 binds directly to the first zinc finger of TRAF6. This binding disrupts the neighboring structure, that is, the RING finger domain, to suppress the ubiquitin ligase activity of TRAF6. Taken together, this study provides a platform for developing new small molecules that target zinc finger proteins.
Porphyrin Derivatives Inhibit the Interaction between Receptor Activator of NF‐κB and Its Ligand
Authors: Chypre Mélanie , Madel Maria‐Bernadette , Chaloin Olivier , Blin‐Wakkach Claudine , Morice Christophe , Mueller Christopher G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractReceptor activator of NF‐κB (RANK), a member of the TNF‐receptor superfamily, plays an important role in bone resorption and stimulates immune and epithelial cell activation. Denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody that blocks the RANK ligand (RANKL), is approved for the treatment of osteoporosis and bone metastasis. However, a small molecule that inhibits the RANK–RANKL interaction would be beneficial to decrease cost and to facilitate treatments with orally available therapeutic agents. Herein we report the discovery of the first nonpeptidic inhibitors of RANK–RANKL interactions. In screening a chemical library by competitive ELISA, the porphyrin verteporfin was identified as a hit. Derivatives were screened, and the chlorin‐macrocycle‐containing pheophorbide A and purpurin 18 were found to bind recombinant RANKL, to inhibit RANK–RANKL interactions in the ELISA, and to suppress the RANKL‐dependent activation of model cells and the differentiation of RANK‐expressing precursors into osteoclasts. This discovery of a family of small molecules that inhibit RANK activation presents an initial basis for further development of nonpeptidic therapeutic agents targeting the interaction between RANK and RANKL.
Rapid, Complete Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water by a SnS2‐Modified Porous β‐Cyclodextrin‐Containing Polymer
Authors: Yang Shun , Lin Shiting , Fan Jie , Wang Yaru , Liu Chang , Yan Xiao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe discharge of organic pollutants poses a serious threat to public health and the environment. Developing new strategies and materials to remove organic pollutants from water efficiently and completely is of great importance. Herein, a SnS2‐modified porous β‐cyclodextrin‐containing polymer (SnS2@PCDP), which was derived by nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the hydroxyl groups of both β‐CD and SnS2−OH by tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile, was prepared for the rapid, complete removal of organic pollutants from water . The porous structure and well‐defined cavities of β‐CD endow SnS2@PCDP with a facile and high adsorption capacity, and the modification with SnS2 leads to simultaneous adsorption and photodegradation processes for the rapid and complete removal of organic pollutants. In addition, SnS2@PCDP can be regenerated several times using light irradiation with no loss in performance. Overall, the efficient removal performance and excellent reusability indicate that SnS2@PCDP has potential for practical applications in the efficient treatment of organic pollutants.
Pathology Evaluation of Developmental Phenotypes in Neonatal and Juvenile Mice
Authors: Bolon Brad , Newbigging Susan , Boyd Kelli L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNecropsy (or autopsy) is the post mortem dissection of an animal to examine and collect organs and tissues in order to understand the effects and causes of disease. The systematic harvesting of samples at necropsy is an essential step in defining the reason for an unexpected death and in characterizing the features (i.e., phenotype) of a newly discovered condition. Phenotypic evaluation of young (neonatal and juvenile) mice emphasizes morphologic (macroscopic and microscopic) techniques and biochemical (clinical chemistry, hematologic, and molecular) analyses. This paper describes the most common procedures utilized to gather phenotypic data from neonatal and juvenile mice, with advanced alternatives for preparing special specimens (e.g., blood smears, electron microscopic samples). These techniques are applicable to young mice of all strains and are effective regardless of the fundamental cause, including genetically engineered or spontaneous mutations and exposure to pathogens or xenobiotic agents (i.e., foreign chemicals). © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Asymmetrical Photodetection Response of Methylammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite Single Crystal
Authors: Wang Xin , Huang Yin , Lei Wei , Li Qing , Zhang Xiaobing , Khan Qasim , Wang Baoping 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBecause of their low trap densities and remarkable carrier transport properties, organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite single crystals have been used as active materials in photodetectors to provide high photodetection responses. While the ideal methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) perovskite has a cubic crystal structure, the structures and carrier transport properties of the actual crystals may have low symmetry as a result of low‐temperature fabrication processes used. In this work, the variable temperature crystallization method was proposed to fabricate large MAPbBr3 single crystals. The unsymmetrical structures of the MAPbBr3 single crystals were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrical properties and photodetection responses of these MAPbBr3 single crystals along the different axial directions were then investigated. The asymmetrical trap density, the carrier mobility, and the photocurrent gain were all estimated from the measurement results. The best photodetection response was obtained along the vertical channel located between the top and bottom faces of the MAPbBr3 single crystal. The photocurrent gain was 900, and the fall time for transient photodetection was 30 μs. The work presented here is expected to provide useful design information for photodetectors based on perovskite single crystals.
Examination of the link between life stages uncovered the mechanisms by which habitat characteristics affect odonates
Authors: Iwai Noriko , Akasaka Munemitsu , Kadoya Taku , Ishida Shinya , Aoki Takashi , Higuchi Shinsuke , Takamura Noriko 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe larval and adult stages of amphibious animals are affected by both aquatic and terrestrial habitat characteristics, and each stage also affects the other. However, this link between life stages has been largely overlooked in previous studies. We examined the effect of aquatic and terrestrial habitat characteristics on the diversity of larval and adult odonates, taking into account the link between the two life stages. Species diversity of adult and larval odonates and aquatic plants, as well as patterns of land use, was investigated in 63 irrigation ponds. We created structural equation models, with paths from land use and aquatic plants characteristics to larval and adult stages of odonates, as well as between the two stages, and chose the best model based on the lowest Akaike information criterion. Adult odonates, but not larvae, were affected by aquatic and terrestrial habitat characteristics, suggesting that the former is the key stage for odonate communities. We observed a positive relationship between the diversity of aquatic plants and larval odonates, but this was in fact due to the effects of aquatic plants on adults, which carried over to the larval stage. Our study showed that a consideration of the link between life stages is crucial for a complete understanding of the relationship between habitat characteristics and amphibious animal populations.
Fire history in southern Patagonia: human and climate influences on fire activity in Nothofagus pumilio forests
Authors: Mundo Ignacio A. , Villalba Ricardo , Veblen Thomas T. , Kitzberger Thomas , Holz Andrés , Paritsis Juan , Ripalta Alberto 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFire is a major disturbance affecting forests worldwide with significant economic, social, and ecological impacts. The southernmost forests on Earth extend continuously along the Andes from mid‐ to subantarctic latitudes in South America. In this region, warming and drying trends since the mid‐20th century have been linked to a positive trend in the Southern Annual Mode (SAM), the leading mode of extratropical climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere. Due to the scarcity of documentary fire records and the lack of tree‐ring fire histories, little is known about how wildfire activity responds to shifts in the westerly circulation pattern and associated climatic variability in the Andean region south of ~44° S. For the first time, we applied dendrochronological techniques to reconstruct fire history from the angiosperm Nothofagus pumilio at 16 sites distributed from ~44° to 50° S to determine relationships between fire occurrence and the two primary drivers of wildfire activity: climate variability and human activities. Partial cross‐sections with fire scars were collected from 363 trees in Argentina and Chile. Chronologies of annually resolved fire‐scar dates start in 1791 and show a pattern of higher fire frequency during the 20th century, concurrent with the human occupation and colonization processes in southern Patagonia. Years of widespread fire occurring synchronously in two or more disjunct sites are associated with broad‐scale climatic anomalies. Intense droughts inferred from extreme departures in temperature, precipitation, and the Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) during the growing seasons of 1944 and 1962 are consistent with the two most severe fires at northern sites. Extended droughts, reflected by the association of fire occurrence with six‐month cumulative precipitation and SPEI, create conditions for widespread fires at the southern sites (south of ~46° S). Regional fires were concurrent with significant positive departures of SAM during the austral spring–summer. This tree‐ring fire record reveals the influences of both climate variability and human activities on fire in the N. pumilio forests across the Andes, and also establishes the feasibility of using this tree species as a natural archive of fire history.
Long‐Term Research in Ecology and Evolution (LTREE): 2015 survey data
Authors: Bradford Mark A. , Leiserowitz Anthony , Feinberg Geoffrey , Rosenthal Seth A. , Lau Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo systematically assess views on contributions and future activities for long‐term research in ecology and evolution (LTREE), we conducted and here provide data responses and associated metadata for a survey of ecological and evolutionary scientists. The survey objectives were to: (1) Identify and prioritize research questions that are important to address through long‐term, ecological field experiments; and (2) understand the role that these experiments might play in generating and applying ecological and evolutionary knowledge. The survey was developed adhering to the standards of the American Association for Public Opinion Research. It was administered online using Qualtrics Survey Software. Survey creation was a multi‐step process, with questions and format developed and then revised with, for example, input from an external advisory committee comprising senior and junior ecological and evolutionary researchers. The final questionnaire was released to ~100 colleagues to ensure functionality and then fielded 2 d later (January 7th, 2015). Two professional societies distributed it to their membership, including the Ecological Society of America, and it was posted to three list serves. The questionnaire was available through February 8th 2015 and completed by 1,179 respondents. The distribution approach targeted practicing ecologists and evolutionary biologists in the U.S. Quantitative (both ordinal and categorical) closed‐ended questions used a predefined set of response categories, facilitating direct comparison across all respondents. Qualitative, open‐ended questions, provided respondents the opportunity to develop their own answers. We employed quantitative questions to score views on the extent to which long‐term experimental research has contributed to understanding in ecology and evolutionary biology; its role compared to other approaches (e.g., short‐term experiments); justifications for and caveats to long‐term experiments; and the relative importance of incentives for conducting long‐term research. Qualitative questions were used to assess community views on the most important topics and questions for long‐term research to address, and primary incentives and challenges to realizing this work. Finally, demographic data were collected to determine if views were conditional on such things as years of experience and field of expertise. The final questionnaire and all responses are provided for unrestricted use.
Polyquercetin/MWNT‐modified Electrode for the Determination of Natural Phenolic Antioxidants
Authors: Ziyatdinova Guzel , Kozlova Ekaterina , Budnikov Herman 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNovel highly sensitive voltammetric method for the gallic acid, catechin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) quantification has been developed using glassy carbon electrode modified with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and polyquercetin (polyquercetin/MWNT/GCE). The effect of electropolymerization parameters (number of cycles, monomer concentration and polarization window) on the electrode characteristics has been evaluated. The electrode surface has been characterized with SEM, CV and EIS. The linear dynamic ranges of 0.50–10 and 10–750 μM for gallic acid, 0.10–10 and 10.0–250 μM for catechin and 0.050–10 and 10–100 μM for EGCG have been obtained in differential pulse mode with the detection limits of 0.10, 0.024 and 0.014 μM, respectively. The approach has been successfully applied for the tea antioxidant capacity evaluation (AOC). The positive correlations with antioxidant activity towards DPPH• and total phenolics (r=0.7845 and 0.7658 at rcrit=0.4227, n=22) have been obtained.
Effect of Excess PbI2 in Fully Printable Carbon‐based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kapoor Vishakha , Bashir Amna , Haur Lew J. , Bruno Annalisa , Shukla Sudhanshu , Priyadarshi Anish , Mathews Nripan , Mhaisalkar Subodh 
Published: September 2017

AbstractExcess lead iodide (PbI2) has been reported to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the standard perovskite solar cell (PSC) with 2,2,7,7‐Tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenyl‐amine)‐9,9‐ spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) as a hole‐transporting material. In this study, we studied the effect of having excess PbI2 in fully printable carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (PSC). Excess amounts of PbI2, ranging from 0 % to 15 %, were added to the equimolar perovskite solution for infiltration in the carbon‐based PSC architecture. There was an improvement in the average value of open‐circuit voltage (0.87 to 0.91 V) with increased PbI2, but there was no clear trend in fill factor and current density. All devices showed good stability under ambient conditions without encapsulation. The device containing 15 % excess PbI2 showed degradation under continuous illumination, whereas there was no degradation with an equimolar ratio of perovskite precursors.