bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subgroups of even Artin groups of FC type
Authors: Antolín Yago , Foniqi Islam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We prove a Tits alternative theorem for subgroups of finitely presented even Artin groups of FC type, stating that there exists a finite index subgroup such that every subgroup of it is either finitely generated abelian, or maps onto a non-abelian free group.
Parabolic subgroups play a pivotal role in our proofs, and we show that parabolic subgroups of even Artin groups of FC type are closed under taking roots.
Cultural Bias in Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Analysis and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Liu Zhaoming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper delves into the intricate relationship between Large Language Models (LLMs) and cultural bias. It underscores the significant impact LLMs can have on shaping a more equitable and culturally sensitive digital landscape, while also addressing the challenges that arise when integrating these powerful AI tools. The paper emphasizes the immense significance of LLMs in contemporary AI research and applications, underpinning many systems and algorithms. However, their potential role in perpetuating or mitigating cultural bias remains a pressing issue warranting extensive analysis. Cultural bias stems from various intertwined factors; the following analysis categorizes cultural bias shaping LLMs into three dimensions: data quality, algorithm design, and user interaction dynamics. Furthermore, the impacts of LLMs on cultural identity and linguistic diversity are scrutinized, highlighting the interplay between technology and culture. The paper advocates responsible AI development, outlining mitigation strategies such as ethical guidelines, diverse training data, user feedback mechanisms, and transparency measures. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes that cultural bias in LLMs is not solely a problem but also presents an opportunity. It can enhance our awareness and critical understanding of our own cultural biases while fostering curiosity and respect for diverse cultural perspectives.
Taxation and Income Inequality in ASEAN Countries
Authors: Alexander Angga , Gitaharie Beta Yulianita 
Published: September 2024

Research Originality: This study contributes to literature by investigating the impact of taxation on income inequality, with a specific focus on Southeast Asian countries.Research Objectives: To investigate the impact of taxation on income inequality in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries.Research Methods: A panel data model focusing on ASEAN from 1998 to 2021 was used, and a two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation method, incorporating fixed effects and instrumental variables was used. Tax instrument comprised two components, namely tax ratio, reflecting volume of tax; and tax structure, representing direct, indirect, and income taxes.Empirical Results: The results showed that tax ratio, direct tax, and income tax reduced income inequality in Southeast Asia. However, the magnitude of the impact should be more significant. Prioritizing education and improving the quality of workforce could effectively reduce income inequality, as shown by Singapore's success in this area.Implications: This study had significant implications for ASEAN policymakers, as it offered valuable insights into designing and implementing taxation policies to reduce income inequality and promote economic development across the region. JEL Classification: D63, H20, H23How to Cite:Alexander, A., Gitaharie, B. Y. (2024). Taxation and Income Inequality in ASEAN Countries. Etikonomi, 23(1), 397 – 414. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i2.32352.
Do Digital Competitiveness and Government Efficiency Affect Macroeconomic? An Evidence From Asia-Pacific Countries
Authors: Ernawati Ernawati , Natsir Muhammad , Asri Mansyur 
Published: September 2024

Research Originality: This research divided the dimensions of digital competitiveness into knowledge, digital policy, and IT integration. The digital competitiveness variable was estimated simultaneously with government efficiency in influencing macroeconomic performance in Asia Pacific countries. This research proved the important role of responsive digital policies and government efficiency in driving the macroeconomy.Research Objectives: This research aimed to determine the effect of digital competitiveness and government efficiency on macroeconomic performance.Research Methods: Data was sourced from the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) publication from 2019 to 2022 for 13 Asia Pacific countries. The digital competitiveness considered in this research is knowledge, digital policy, and IT integration variables. Data was analyzed and processed using panel data regression.Empirical Results: The result showed that digital policy variables reduced macroeconomic performance, while government efficiency positively affected macroeconomic performance. Furthermore, the digital knowledge and IT integration variables did not significantly affect macroeconomic performance.Implications: This research has significant implications for the development of responsive digital policies that promote macroeconomic performance. It also underscores the importance of governance by the government in controlling the high-cost economy to encourage productivity and macroeconomic performance. These implications provide valuable insights for policymakers and professionals in the field of economics and digital policy.JEL Classification: E60, H11, O39How to Cite:Ernawati, E., Natsir, M., & Asri, M. (2024). Do Digital Competitiveness and Government Efficiency Affect Macroeconomy? An Evidence from Asia Pacific Countries. Etikonomi, 23(2), 481-496. htttps://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i2.34339.
The Impact of Financial Development on Unemployment: The Case of the People’s Republic of China (PRC)
Authors: Yixin Liu , Mohd Radzi Naziatul Aziah , Mengqi Ma , Saidi Normaizatul Akma 
Published: September 2024

Research Originality: As a populous country with a population of 1.4 billion, China faces the imperative issue of employment. This paper focuses on the impact of financial credit and financial deposits on different levels of unemployment in an attempt to analyse the unemployment problem in China.Research Objectives: The paper explores the impact of financial development on unemployment in China.Research Methods: Using panel data from 31 provinces and cities in China (spanning from 2007 to 2021), categorizing unemployment situations, employing quantile regression models to assess the impact of financial development on different levels of unemployment in China.Empirical Results: The findings indicate a negative correlation between financial development and unemployment levels in China. The study reveals that financial credit significantly impacts unemployment in provinces where the economy is higher than average GDP. However, in regions where the economy is lower than average GDP, the impact of financial deposits on unemployment is significant.Implications: This study establishes that the adoption of financial expansionary policies by the government can reduce unemployment and help guide the formulation of more precise and effective economic policies.JEL Classification: G21, E24, C33, O53How to Cite:Yixin, L., Radzi, N.A.M., Ma, M., & Saidi, N.A., (2024). The Impact of Financial Development on Unemployment: The Case of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Etikonomi, 23(2), 353 – 368. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i2.37997.
Elevating Shariah Hotel Hospitality: Secrets to Guest Satisfaction and Loyalty in Indonesia
Authors: Sukma Andhi , Divinagracia Maria Rochelle G , Divinagracia Louie A 
Published: September 2024

Research Originality: This research highlights the importance of personalized services, organizational image, and effective customer relationship management (CRM) strategies aligned with Islamic principles. The research aims to distinguish shariah hospitality and deepen understanding of customer behavior in this cultural and religious context.Research Objectives: This study examines how personalized services, company image (CI) and customer perceived value (CPV) affect guest satisfaction and loyalty in Shariah-based hotels, providing insights into customer behavior.Research Methods: The review analyzed customer relationship management, organization picture, and perceived value as independent factors, with loyalty as the dependent variable and satisfaction as the mediator. Data came from 220 guests at Shariah hotels in Indonesia.Empirical Results: The study found strong links between personalized services, a positive organization picture, and perceived value with guest satisfaction and loyalty in Shariah-based hotels, emphasizing the need for effective CRM, a robust brand, and high-quality service.Implications: This research advances customer relationship management (CRM) and Customer Perceived Value (CPV) theories in Shariah hotels through personalized services, effective communication, and strong branding, guiding hotels to prioritize these strategies for customer loyalty in hospitality. JEL Classification: L83, M31, M39How to Cite:Sukma, A., Divinagracia, M. R. G., Divinagracia, L. A. (2024). The Path to Guest Satisfaction: Leveraging Personalized Services and Islamic Principles in Shariah Hospitality. Etikonomi, 23(2), 449 – 464. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i1.38502.
Tensile testing in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen using the hollow specimen method
Authors: Freitas Tomás , Konert Florian , Nietzke Jonathan , Krzysch Zephanja , Böllinghaus Thomas , Michler Thorsten , Wackermann Ken , Oesterlin Heiner , Tlili Mohamed , Ruchti Peter , Beitelschmidt Denise , Elsen-Humberg Stephan , Koenigs Timo , Systermans Thomas , Sobol Oded 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Metallic materials, predominantly steels, are the most common structural materials in the various components along the hydrogen supply chain. Ensuring their sustainable and safe use in hydrogen technologies is a key factor in the ramp-up of the hydrogen economy. This requires extensive materials qualification, however, most of the accepted; and standardized test methods for determining the influence of gaseous hydrogen on metallic materials describe complex and costly procedures that are only available to a very limited extent worldwide. The hollow specimen technique is a simple, rapid, and economical method designed to overcome the limitations of the current methods for the qualification of metallic materials under high-pressure hydrogen gas. However, this technique is not yet standardized. The TransHyDE-H2Hohlzug project is presented in this article, along with the main steps required to optimize the hollow specimen technique. This includes closing knowledge gaps related to the specimen geometry, surface quality, and gas purity in dedicated working packages, thus contributing to a comprehensive standardization of the technique for tests in high-pressure hydrogen gas.

Impact statement
The hydrogen economy is considered a key solution for achieving climate neutrality in Europe, as it plays a crucial role in the decarbonization of sectors such as transport, industry, power, etc. Ensuring the safety and reliability of infrastructure is crucial for the ramp-up of the hydrogen economy. Therefore, it is necessary to meticulously study the materials and components used for infrastructure under conditions that closely resemble in-service conditions. The currently standardized methods are limited as they do not precisely replicate in-service conditions, and when they do, they are often complex, costly, and not easily accessible. This article presents the hollow specimen technique, a simple, and economical method developed to address the limitations of current standardized methods. The results from this work will contribute to the standardization of this technique for tests in high-pressure hydrogen gas. This will enable a faster evaluation of materials for hydrogen applications by industry and academia, thereby contributing to the growth of the hydrogen economy.

Graphical abstract
Understanding surfaces and interfaces in nanocomposites of silicone and barium titanate through experiments and modeling
Authors: Pritchard Avery , Fuentes Heather , Santosa Jessica , Gonzalez Madison , Garan Josiah , Bartling Vanessa , Nelson Katrina , Dato Albert , Monson Todd , Van Ginhoven Renee 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBarium titanate (BTO) is a ferroelectric perovskite used in electronics and energy storage systems because of its high dielectric constant. Decreasing the BTO particle size was shown to increase the dielectric constant of the perovskite, which is an intriguing but contested result. We investigated this result by fabricating silicone-matrix nanocomposite specimens containing BTO particles of decreasing diameter. Furthermore, density functional theory modeling was used to understand the interactions at the BTO particle surface. Combining results from experiments and modeling indicated that polymer type, particle surface interactions, and particle surface structure can influence the dielectric properties of polymer-matrix nanocomposites containing BTO.
Graphical abstract
Synovial sarcoma: molecular and biological features, the role of tissue microenvironment elements and their prognostic significance
Authors: Bulanov D. V. , Demyashkin G. A. , Dontsov I. D. , Shegai P. V. , Kaprin A. D. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of the study. Analysis of the molecular and biological features of synovial sarcoma (SS), as well as its tissue microenvironment according to modern research. Materials and methods. The analysis of literature sources was carried out mainly in the databases «Istina» and «PubMed», publication date limitations were set up from 2019 to 2023. The following keywords for the search were used: «synovial sarcoma», «chromosomal aberrations», «carcinogenesis». Results. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways in the development of SS may lead to the development of more effective treatment strategies. The importance of further research in this area cannot be overestimated, as it can provide new data to create innovative approaches aimed at improving the prognosis and quality of patients’ lives. Chromosomal aberrations, such as translocations and deletions, can lead to the activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, which, in turn, contributes to the malignant transformation of cells. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications also play an important role in the regulation of genes related to the growth and survival of tumor cells. Disorders in these processes can contribute to tumor progression by altering the expression of key genes involved in the cell cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Additionally, part of the review is devoted to the interaction of atypical cells against the background of chromosomal aberrations and epigenetic changes with the SS microenvironment. These factors may have a certain effect on the growth and progression of synovial sarcoma. In addition, the review discusses various aspects of the diagnosis of SS using modern molecular genetic methods. Examples of successful use of targeted therapy and immunotherapy are given, which open up new prospects in the treatment of this disease. Conclusion. The importance of molecular biological and molecular genetic analysis of SS for the possibility of an interdisciplinary approach in the study and treatment of this aggressive malignant tumor has been revealed.
The Global Prevalence of Sedentary Time in Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Salari Nader , Ahmadi Mehrab , Ghasemi Hoomanx , Yarani Reza , Mohammadi Masoud 
Published: September 2024

Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of sedentary time in diabetes and metabolic syndrome worldwide via a systematic review and meta-analysis study.
Methods: This study was conducted using the systematic review method following PRISMA 2020 criteria. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to December 2022. The heterogeneity of studies was measured using the I2 test.
Results: The prevalence of sedentary time in diabetic patients was 52.3% (CI 95 %:46.2-58.2) and the prevalence of sedentary time in metabolic syndrome was 43.3% (95% CI: 31- 56.5). Also, the results of subgroup analysis show that the prevalence of inactivity in diabetic women was 60.3% higher than that of diabetic men. The prevalence of inactivity in patients with metabolic syndrome was 28.6% in men and women, respectively.
Conclusion: Sedentary time has a very high prevalence in metabolic syndrome and diabetic patients. In other words, almost half of these patients experience their life patterns. Therefore, effective and efficient efforts to improve activity and exercise in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome will have a more effective therapeutic effect and improve their quality of life.
O ENTRELAÇAMENTO DA LITERATURA INFANTIL E MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Oliveira Mendonça Rhebeca , Silva de Amorim Maria Cecilia , Quintiliano Carvalho Maria Goretti 
Published: September 2024

O presente estudo é um recorte da pesquisa de trabalho de conclusão de curso- TCC de Pedagogia. Tem por objetivo analisar e compreender as possibilidades do entrelaçamento da matemática à literatura infantil. Essa pesquisa é qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico com levantamento de dados e análise de obras literárias pesquisadas, as quais contribuem ou possibilitam o entrelaçamento. Além da pesquisa teórica, foi desenvolvida pesquisa de campo com duas turmas do 2° ano do Ensino Fundamental - fase I, na modalidade presencial em duas instituições, sendo uma pública e a outra particular. Esses momentos foram planejados para a vivência da arte literária e da matemática, sendo estes envolvendo uma obra literária escolhida previamente, a qual, havia sido selecionada pelas especificidades interdisciplinares. Como resultados, é possível reforçar a importância do conhecimento teórico e a necessidade da constante formação para lidar com as questões de ordem prática, resultantes das proposições, das experiências em prol do ensino e da aprendizagem.
Herbarium specimens reveal a cryptic invasion of tetraploid Centaurea stoebe in Europe
Authors: Rosche Christoph , Broennimann Olivier , Novikov Andriy , Mrázová Viera , Boiko Ganna V. , Danihelka Jiří , Gastner Michael , Guisan Antoine , Kožić Kevin , Müller-Schärer Heinz , Nagy Dávid , Remelgado Ruben , Ronikier Michał , Selke Julian , Shiyan Natalia , Suchan Tomasz , Thoma Arpad , Zdvořák Pavel , Mráz Patrik , Lehnert Marcus 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Numerous plant species are expanding their native ranges due to anthropogenic environmental change. Because cytotypes of polyploid complexes show often similar morphologies, there may be unnoticed range expansions (i.e., cryptic invasions) of one cytotype into regions where only the other cytotype is native. We critically revised 13,078 herbarium specimens of diploid and tetraploid Centaurea stoebe, collected across Europe between 1790 and 2023. Based on their distribution in relictual habitats, we suggest that diploids are native across their entire European range, whereas tetraploids are native only to South-Eastern Europe and have recently expanded their range toward Central Europe. The proportion of tetraploids exponentially increased over time in their expanded but not in their native range. This cryptic invasion took predominantly place in ruderal habitats and enlarged the climatic niche of tetraploids toward a more oceanic climate. Our differentiation between native and expanded ranges conflicts with dozens of previous studies on C. stoebe. Thus, herbarium specimens can prevent erroneous assumptions on the native ranges of species, which has fundamental implications for designing research studies and assessing biodiversity trends. Moreover, we demonstrate the value of spatio-temporally explicit data in formulating and testing hypotheses regarding the superior colonization abilities of polyploids in ruderal habitats.
Augmented Repair Technique for Patellar Tendon Rupture Using Two Suture Anchors and Three Transosseous Sutures: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Ding , He Yuchen , Xu Zhenmu , Chen Yueming , Jiang Kai , Zhou Ding , Liu Qian , Zhu Weihong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Patellar tendon rupture is an uncommon injury that usually requires surgical repair, but no consensus exists regarding the ideal repair technique. Suture anchor repair and the transosseous suture method have be widely used, but the suture anchor technique may cause anchor pull-out, while the transosseous suture method may result in insufficient suture strength. Therefore, we propose and evaluate the efficacy of augmented repair technique with two suture anchors and three transosseous sutures for patellar tendon repairs.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who received surgery for patellar tendon rupture between January 2016 and December 2020. All patients underwent a standardized integrated knee extensor mechanism augmentation repair technique by the same surgeon with 2 suture anchors and 3 transosseous sutures. Radiology, complications, and patient-reported outcomes were recorded. Clinical outcomes were measured using range of motion (ROM), patient satisfaction, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores, Knee Society Function Score (KSS-F), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, and Tegner score.
Results
Totally 40 patients were enrolled with an average age of 33.95 years. Mean follow-up duration was 60 months (range: 36 to 72 months). All cases were diagnosed with patellar tendon rupture at the patellar attachment and received the surgery. The risk of complications was 7.5% (3/40). Mean postoperative ROM improved from 45.65 ± 10.66 to 127.25 ± 3.99 (mean ± SD, p < 0.001). Mean postoperative VAS pain score, KSS-F score, IKDC score, Lysholm score and Tegner score significantly improved (p < 0.001). The median Caton Deschamps Index significantly decreased from 1.71 ± 0.22 to 1.07 ± 0.07 (p < 0.001). Postoperative MRI revealed evident healing between the patellar tendon and the inferior pole of the patella.
Conclusions
The integrated knee extensor mechanism augmentation repair technique is reliable and effective for patellar tendon rupture. 5-year-follow up results verified its favorable outcomes.
Observation of exciton-vibron coupling in cold dense nitrogen
Authors: Lei Li , Wu Binbin , Liu Jingyi , Tao Yu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Cold dense matter (CDM) exhibits unique quantum states or effects, and the quantum correlation effects in dense nitrogen become significant at low temperatures, which provides an opportunity to explore the matter under cold dense conditions. The optical band gap (Eg) of dense nitrogen gradually closes with increasing pressure, eventually leading to the metallization. At the same time, the exciton energy (Ex) also gradually decreases as the Eg decreases, this process may trigger a new quantum correlation transition correlated with the exciton coupling. Here we designed a state-of-the-art isothermal-compression Raman spectroscopy technology to probe vibrational properties in cold dense nitrogen, and clearly observed vibron fluctuations and phonon stiffening when we isothermally compressed the solid nitrogen above 130 GPa at below 150 K. This phenomenon is believed to be related to the pressure-driven exciton-vibron coupling in cold dense nitrogen due to the excitonic interaction can enhanced at low temperature, and the exciton binding energies and their lifetimes can be modified. We defined the exciton-vibron coupling state as the new μ-N2 phase, and also identified its pressure-temperature (P-T) phase boundaries. Our finding not only provides experimental basis for the existence of exciton-vibron coupling in cold dense nitrogen, but also provides a clear and manageable context for exploring complex interactions under extreme conditions.