bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MO‐B‐201‐01: Overcoming the Challenges of Motion Management in Current Lung SBRT Practice
Authors: Shang C. 
Published: July 2016

The motion management in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a key to success for a SBRT program, and still an on‐going challenging task. A major factor is that moving structures behave differently than standing structures when examined by imaging modalities, and thus require special considerations and employments. Understanding the motion effects to these different imaging processes is a prerequisite for a decent motion management program. The commonly used motion control techniques to physically restrict tumor motion, if adopted correctly, effectively increase the conformity and accuracy of hypofractionated treatment. The effective application of such requires one to understand the mechanics of the application and the related physiology especially related to respiration. The image‐guided radiation beam control, or tumor tracking, further realized the endeavor for precision‐targeting. During tumor tracking, the respiratory motion is often constantly monitored by non‐ionizing beam sources using the body surface as its surrogate. This then has to synchronize with the actual internal tumor motion. The latter is often accomplished by stereo X‐ray imaging or similar techniques. With these advanced technologies, one may drastically reduce the treated volume and increase the clinicians’ confidence for a high fractional ablative radiation dose. However, the challenges in implementing the motion management may not be trivial and is dependent on each clinic case. This session of presentations is intended to provide an overview of the current techniques used in managing the tumor motion in SBRT, specifically for routine lung SBRT, proton based treatments, and newly‐developed MR guided RT.Learning Objectives:Through this presentation, the audience will

understand basic roles of commonly used imaging modalities for lung cancer studies;
familiarize the major advantages and limitations of each discussed motion control methods;
familiarize the major advantages and limitations of each discussed radiation beam control methodology and tumor tacking method;
understand the key points in motion management for a high quality SBRT program.
MO‐B‐BRC‐00: Prostate HDR Treatment Planning ‐ Considering Different Imaging Modalities
Authors: Prisciandaro Joann 
Published: July 2016

Brachytherapy has proven to be an effective treatment option for prostate cancer. Initially, prostate brachytherapy was delivered through permanently implanted low dose rate (LDR) radioactive sources; however, high dose rate (HDR) temporary brachytherapy for prostate cancer is gaining popularity. Needle insertion during prostate brachytherapy is most commonly performed under ultrasound (U/S) guidance; however, treatment planning may be performed utilizing several imaging modalities either in an intra‐ or post‐operative setting. During intra‐operative prostate HDR, the needles are imaged during implantation, and planning may be performed in real time. At present, the most common imaging modality utilized for intra‐operative prostate HDR is U/S. Alternatively, in the post‐operative setting, following needle implantation, patients may be simulated with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Each imaging modality and workflow provides its share of benefits and limitations.Prostate HDR has been adopted in a number of cancer centers across the nation. In this educational session, we will explore the role of U/S, CT, and MRI in HDR prostate brachytherapy. Example workflows and operational details will be shared, and we will discuss how to establish a prostate HDR program in a clinical setting.

Learning Objectives:
Review prostate HDR techniques based on the imaging modality
Discuss the challenges and pitfalls introduced by the three imagebased options for prostate HDR brachytherapy
Review the QA process and learn about the development of clinical workflows for these imaging options at different institutions
MO‐B‐BRB‐00: Three Dimensional Dosimetry
Authors: Schreiner L. John 
Published: July 2016

Full three‐dimensional (3D) dosimetry using volumetric chemical dosimeters probed by 3D imaging systems has long been a promising technique for the radiation therapy clinic, since it provides a unique methodology for dose measurements in the volume irradiated using complex conformal delivery techniques such as IMRT and VMAT. To date true 3D dosimetry is still not widely practiced in the community; it has been confined to centres of specialized expertise especially for quality assurance or commissioning roles where other dosimetry techniques are difficult to implement. The potential for improved clinical applicability has been advanced considerably in the last decade by the development of improved 3D dosimeters (e.g., radiochromic plastics, radiochromic gel dosimeters and normoxic polymer gel systems) and by improved readout protocols using optical computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.In this session, established users of some current 3D chemical dosimeters will briefly review the current status of 3D dosimetry, describe several dosimeters and their appropriate imaging for dose readout, present workflow procedures required for good dosimetry, and analyze some limitations for applications in select settings. We will review the application of 3D dosimetry to various clinical situations describing how 3D approaches can complement other dose delivery validation approaches already available in the clinic. The applications presented will be selected to inform attendees of the unique features provided by full 3D techniques.

Learning Objectives:
L. John Schreiner: Background and Motivation

Understand recent developments enabling clinically practical 3D dosimetry,
Appreciate 3D dosimetry workflow and dosimetry procedures, and
Observe select examples from the clinic.
Sofie Ceberg: Application to dynamic radiotherapy

Observe full dosimetry under dynamic radiotherapy during respiratory motion, and
Understand how the measurement of high resolution dose data in an irradiated volume can help understand interplay effects during TomoTherapy or VMAT.
Titania Juang: Special techniques in the clinic and research

Understand the potential for 3D dosimetry in validating dose accumulation in deformable systems, and
Observe the benefits of high resolution measurements for precision therapy in SRS and in MicroSBRT for small animal irradiators
Geoffrey S. Ibbott: 3D Dosimetry in end‐to‐end dosimetry QA

Understand the potential for 3D dosimetry for end‐to‐end radiation therapy process validation in the in‐house and external credentialing setting.Canadian Institutes of Health Research; L. Schreiner, Modus QA, London, ON, Canada; T. Juang, NIH R01CA100835
MO‐B‐BRB‐01: 3D Dosimetry in the Clinic: Background and Motivation
Authors: Schreiner L. 
Published: July 2016

Full three‐dimensional (3D) dosimetry using volumetric chemical dosimeters probed by 3D imaging systems has long been a promising technique for the radiation therapy clinic, since it provides a unique methodology for dose measurements in the volume irradiated using complex conformal delivery techniques such as IMRT and VMAT. To date true 3D dosimetry is still not widely practiced in the community; it has been confined to centres of specialized expertise especially for quality assurance or commissioning roles where other dosimetry techniques are difficult to implement. The potential for improved clinical applicability has been advanced considerably in the last decade by the development of improved 3D dosimeters (e.g., radiochromic plastics, radiochromic gel dosimeters and normoxic polymer gel systems) and by improved readout protocols using optical computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.In this session, established users of some current 3D chemical dosimeters will briefly review the current status of 3D dosimetry, describe several dosimeters and their appropriate imaging for dose readout, present workflow procedures required for good dosimetry, and analyze some limitations for applications in select settings. We will review the application of 3D dosimetry to various clinical situations describing how 3D approaches can complement other dose delivery validation approaches already available in the clinic. The applications presented will be selected to inform attendees of the unique features provided by full 3D techniques.

Learning Objectives:
L. John Schreiner: Background and Motivation

Understand recent developments enabling clinically practical 3D dosimetry,
Appreciate 3D dosimetry workflow and dosimetry procedures, and
Observe select examples from the clinic.
Sofie Ceberg: Application to dynamic radiotherapy

Observe full dosimetry under dynamic radiotherapy during respiratory motion, and
Understand how the measurement of high resolution dose data in an irradiated volume can help understand interplay effects during TomoTherapy or VMAT.
Titania Juang: Special techniques in the clinic and research

Understand the potential for 3D dosimetry in validating dose accumulation in deformable systems, and
Observe the benefits of high resolution measurements for precision therapy in SRS and in MicroSBRT for small animal irradiators
Geoffrey S. Ibbott: 3D Dosimetry in end‐to‐end dosimetry QA

Understand the potential for 3D dosimetry for end‐to‐end radiation therapy process validation in the in‐house and external credentialing setting.Canadian Institutes of Health Research; L. Schreiner, Modus QA, London, ON, Canada; T. Juang, NIH R01CA100835
MO‐B‐BRB‐04: 3D Dosimetry in End‐To‐End Dosimetry QA
Authors: Ibbott G. 
Published: July 2016

Full three‐dimensional (3D) dosimetry using volumetric chemical dosimeters probed by 3D imaging systems has long been a promising technique for the radiation therapy clinic, since it provides a unique methodology for dose measurements in the volume irradiated using complex conformal delivery techniques such as IMRT and VMAT. To date true 3D dosimetry is still not widely practiced in the community; it has been confined to centres of specialized expertise especially for quality assurance or commissioning roles where other dosimetry techniques are difficult to implement. The potential for improved clinical applicability has been advanced considerably in the last decade by the development of improved 3D dosimeters (e.g., radiochromic plastics, radiochromic gel dosimeters and normoxic polymer gel systems) and by improved readout protocols using optical computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.In this session, established users of some current 3D chemical dosimeters will briefly review the current status of 3D dosimetry, describe several dosimeters and their appropriate imaging for dose readout, present workflow procedures required for good dosimetry, and analyze some limitations for applications in select settings. We will review the application of 3D dosimetry to various clinical situations describing how 3D approaches can complement other dose delivery validation approaches already available in the clinic. The applications presented will be selected to inform attendees of the unique features provided by full 3D techniques.

Learning Objectives:
L. John Schreiner: Background and Motivation

Understand recent developments enabling clinically practical 3D dosimetry,
Appreciate 3D dosimetry workflow and dosimetry procedures, and
Observe select examples from the clinic.
Sofie Ceberg: Application to dynamic radiotherapy

Observe full dosimetry under dynamic radiotherapy during respiratory motion, and
Understand how the measurement of high resolution dose data in an irradiated volume can help understand interplay effects during TomoTherapy or VMAT.
Titania Juang: Special techniques in the clinic and research

Understand the potential for 3D dosimetry in validating dose accumulation in deformable systems, and
Observe the benefits of high resolution measurements for precision therapy in SRS and in MicroSBRT for small animal irradiators
Geoffrey S. Ibbott: 3D Dosimetry in end‐to‐end dosimetry QA

Understand the potential for 3D dosimetry for end‐to‐end radiation therapy process validation in the in‐house and external credentialing setting.Canadian Institutes of Health Research; L. Schreiner, Modus QA, London, ON, Canada; T. Juang, NIH R01CA100835
MO‐DE‐204‐03: Radiology Dose Optimisation ‐ An Australian Perspective
Authors: Schick D. 
Published: July 2016

The main topic of the session is to show how dose optimization is being implemented in various regions of the world, including Europe, Australia, North America and other regions.A multi‐national study conducted under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) across more than 50 less resourced countries gave insight into patient radiation doses and safety practices in CT, mammography, radiography and interventional procedures, both for children and adults. An important outcome was the capability development on dose assessment and management.An overview of recent European projects related to CT radiation dose and optimization both to adults and children will be presented. Existing data on DRLs together with a European methodology proposed on establishing and using DRLs for paediatric radiodiagnostic imaging and interventional radiology practices will be shown.Compared with much of Europe at least, many Australian imaging practices are relatively new to the task of diagnostic imaging dose optimisation. In 2008 the Australian Government prescribed a requirement to periodically compare patient radiation doses with diagnostic reference levels (DRLs), where DRLs have been established. Until recently, Australia had only established DRLs for computed tomography (CT). Regardless, both professional society and individual efforts to improved data collection and develop optimisation strategies across a range of modalities continues. Progress in this field, principally with respect to CT and interventional fluoroscopy will be presented.In the US, dose reduction and optimization efforts for computed tomography have been promoted and mandated by several organizations and accrediting entities. This presentation will cover the general motivation, implementation, and implications of such efforts.

Learning Objectives:
Understand importance of the dose optimization in Diagnostic Radiology.
See how this goal is achieved in different regions of the World.
Learn about the global trend in the dose optimization and future prospectives.M. Rehani, The work was a part of the work of IAEA where I was an employee and IAEA is a United Nations organization
MO‐DE‐204‐01: Radiation Doses in Over 50 Developing Countries of Asia, Africa, Eastern European and Latin America
Authors: Rehani M. 
Published: July 2016

The main topic of the session is to show how dose optimization is being implemented in various regions of the world, including Europe, Australia, North America and other regions.A multi‐national study conducted under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) across more than 50 less resourced countries gave insight into patient radiation doses and safety practices in CT, mammography, radiography and interventional procedures, both for children and adults. An important outcome was the capability development on dose assessment and management.An overview of recent European projects related to CT radiation dose and optimization both to adults and children will be presented. Existing data on DRLs together with a European methodology proposed on establishing and using DRLs for paediatric radiodiagnostic imaging and interventional radiology practices will be shown.Compared with much of Europe at least, many Australian imaging practices are relatively new to the task of diagnostic imaging dose optimisation. In 2008 the Australian Government prescribed a requirement to periodically compare patient radiation doses with diagnostic reference levels (DRLs), where DRLs have been established. Until recently, Australia had only established DRLs for computed tomography (CT). Regardless, both professional society and individual efforts to improved data collection and develop optimisation strategies across a range of modalities continues. Progress in this field, principally with respect to CT and interventional fluoroscopy will be presented.In the US, dose reduction and optimization efforts for computed tomography have been promoted and mandated by several organizations and accrediting entities. This presentation will cover the general motivation, implementation, and implications of such efforts.

Learning Objectives:
Understand importance of the dose optimization in Diagnostic Radiology.
See how this goal is achieved in different regions of the World.
Learn about the global trend in the dose optimization and future prospectives.M. Rehani, The work was a part of the work of IAEA where I was an employee and IAEA is a United Nations organization
MO‐DE‐201‐01: Introduction to the MPLA and Emotional Competencies
Authors: Clements J. 
Published: July 2016

Medical physicists possess technical knowledge and problem solving skills required to deliver high quality diagnosis and treatment in the clinic, to provide excellence in research, or to transfer expertise in industrial or regulatory environments. As the healthcare industry rapidly evolves, medical physicists must make a case for ensuring recognition of their value. One of many ways the AAPM is working to ensure stewardship of the profession is through development of the Medical Physics Leadership Academy (MPLA).This session will provide an introduction to the MPLA and one of its focus areas of emotional intelligence. The session will make the case for emotional competencies in addition to technical competencies. MPLA work group representatives will share consolidated results from conducting 360 feedback assessments used to measure emotional competencies of medical physicists. Some emotional competencies contribute more to professional success than others, and the session will explain how to overcome shortcomings. Two specific emotional competencies will be covered: selfawareness and empathy.

Learning Objectives:
Understand the importance of medical physics leadership in the future of health care
Understand emotional intelligence and emotional competencies and ways they can be measured
Utilize self‐awareness and empathy to improve management of our own emotions and others
MO‐D‐BRC‐01: Memorial Lecture
Authors: Fraass B. 
Published: July 2016

Treatment planning is a central part of radiation therapy, including delineation in tumor volumes and critical organs, setting treatment goals of prescription doses to the tumor targets and tolerance doses to the critical organs, and finally generation of treatment plans to meet the treatment goals. National groups like RTOG have led the effort to standardize treatment goals of the prescription doses to the tumor targets and tolerance doses to the critical organs based on accumulated knowledge from decades of abundant clinical trial experience. The challenge for each clinical department is how to achieve or surpass these set goals within the time constraints of clinical practice. Using fifteen testing cases from different treatment sites such as head and neck, prostate with and without pelvic lymph nodes, SBRT spine, we will present clinically utility of advanced planning tools, including knowledge based, automatic based, and multiple criteria based tools that are clinically implemented.The objectives of this session are:

Understand differences among these three advanced planning tools
Provide clinical assessments on the utility of the advanced planning tools
Discuss clinical challenges of treatment planning with large variations in tumor volumes and their relationships with adjacent critical organs.Ping Xia received research grant from Philips. Jackie Wu received research grant from Varian; P. Xia, Research support by Philips and Varian; Q. Wu, NIH, Varian Medical
MO‐D‐BRC‐03: Knowledge‐Based Planning
Authors: Wu Q. 
Published: July 2016

Treatment planning is a central part of radiation therapy, including delineation in tumor volumes and critical organs, setting treatment goals of prescription doses to the tumor targets and tolerance doses to the critical organs, and finally generation of treatment plans to meet the treatment goals. National groups like RTOG have led the effort to standardize treatment goals of the prescription doses to the tumor targets and tolerance doses to the critical organs based on accumulated knowledge from decades of abundant clinical trial experience. The challenge for each clinical department is how to achieve or surpass these set goals within the time constraints of clinical practice. Using fifteen testing cases from different treatment sites such as head and neck, prostate with and without pelvic lymph nodes, SBRT spine, we will present clinically utility of advanced planning tools, including knowledge based, automatic based, and multiple criteria based tools that are clinically implemented.The objectives of this session are:

Understand differences among these three advanced planning tools
Provide clinical assessments on the utility of the advanced planning tools
Discuss clinical challenges of treatment planning with large variations in tumor volumes and their relationships with adjacent critical organs.Ping Xia received research grant from Philips. Jackie Wu received research grant from Varian; P. Xia, Research support by Philips and Varian; Q. Wu, NIH, Varian Medical
MO‐DE‐BRA‐02: SIMAC: A Simulation Tool for Teaching Linear Accelerator Physics
Authors: Carlone M , Harnett N , Harris W , Norrlinger B , MacPherson M , Lamey M , Anderson R , Oldham M 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:The first goal of this work is to develop software that can simulate the physics of linear accelerators (linac). The second goal is to show that this simulation tool is effective in teaching linac physics to medical physicists and linac service engineers.Methods:Linacs were modeled using analytical expressions that can correctly describe the physical response of a linac to parameter changes in real time. These expressions were programmed with a graphical user interface in order to produce an environment similar to that of linac service mode. The software, “SIMAC”, has been used as a learning aid in a professional development course 3 times (2014 – 2016) as well as in a physics graduate program. Exercises were developed to supplement the didactic components of the courses consisting of activites designed to reinforce the concepts of beam loading; the effect of steering coil currents on beam symmetry; and the relationship between beam energy and flatness.Results:SIMAC was used to teach 35 professionals (medical physicists; regulators; service engineers; 1 week course) as well as 20 graduate students (1 month project). In the student evaluations, 85% of the students rated the effectiveness of SIMAC as very good or outstanding, and 70% rated the software as the most effective part of the courses. Exercise results were collected showing that 100% of the students were able to use the software correctly. In exercises involving gross changes to linac operating points (i.e. energy changes) the majority of students were able to correctly perform these beam adjustments.Conclusion:Software simulation(SIMAC), can be used to effectively teach linac physics. In short courses, students were able to correctly make gross parameter adjustments that typically require much longer training times using conventional training methods.