bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Government and Foreign Funding Influence Individual Donations to Religious Nonprofits? A Survey Experiment in Pakistan
Authors: Wasif Rafeel , Prakash Aseem 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDonors support faith-based organizations whose missions and work cohere with their religious values. Might such donors located in the local community be less likely to donate to a hypothetical Madrasa, an Islamic seminary providing K-12 education, which receives funding from non-local sources, specifically the federal government or foreign donors? We examine this question using a survey experiment in Lahore, Pakistan. Because some Madrasa students have indulged in acts of terrorism, the government of Pakistan has offered Madrasas financial assistance to secularize their curriculums. Most Madrasas, however, have refused government funding because they fear it will harm their reputations in the local community for piety and religious training. Alongside, several foreign donors also provide funds to Madrasas, some to aid governmental reform efforts, and others for religious reasons. Based on the survey of 530 respondents, we find that acceptance of government funding does not diminish the respondents’ willingness to donate to the hypothetical Madrasa. Additionally, we find modest evidence that willingness to donate diminishes when the Madrasa accepts money from donors in Saudi Arabia and the United States (but not Germany).
An ion-exchange strategy for I-doped BiOCOOH nanoplates with enhanced visible light photocatalytic NOx removal
Authors: Feng Xin , Li Xinwei , Cui Wen , Dong Fan , Zhang Tierui 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A simple ion-exchange method was developed for I-doped BiOCOOH nanoplates from the replacement of COOH− ions with I− ions in the interlayers of BiOCOOH. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-vis DRS PL and photocurrent generation. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared catalysts was evaluated by removal of NO in air at ppb level under visible light irradiation. As expected, the I-doped BiOCOOH (IHB-X, the X represents the molar ratio of KI to BiOCOOH) displayed increased visible light absorption and enhanced charge separation due to I-doping. At a saturate I-doping content, the IHB-1.00 catalyst with optimized electronic structure demonstrated the highest NO removal of 49.7% and excellent photochemical stability. This present work has demonstrated a new strategy for modification of layered photocatalyst via ion exchange.
Radioiodination of olmesartan medoxomil and biological evaluation of the product as a tracer for cardiac imaging
Authors: Sanad M. H. , Marzook Ebtisam. A. , Challan Safaa B. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The present study is oriented to synthesis of radioiodinated olmesartan medoxomil (OM) for potential cardiac imaging. Olmesartan medoxomil has been labeled with [125/131I] using chloramine-T (Ch-T) as an oxidizing agent. The key effective factors such as amount of oxidizing agent, amount of substrate, pH, reaction temperature and reaction time, have been systematically studied to get high radiochemical yield of the [125I]olmesartan medoxomil reaching values of 98.5%. The labeled compound was separated and purified using thin layer chromatography (TLC), paper electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biological distribution indicates the suitability of [125I]olmesartan medoxomil as a novel tracer to image heart with high heart/blood ratio within 30 min which was detected by gamma camera.
Analysis of subcellular structural tension in axonal growth of neurons
Authors: Guo Yi Chen , Wang Yu Xuan , Ge Yan Ping , Yu Lu Jia , Guo Jun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe growth and regeneration of axons are the core processes of nervous system development and functional recovery. They are also related to certain physiological and pathological conditions. For decades, it has been the consensus that a new axon is formed by adding new material at the growth cone. However, using the existing technology, we have studied the structural tension of the nerve cell, which led us to hypothesize that some subcellular structural tensions contribute synergistically to axonal growth and regeneration. In this review, we classified the subcellular structural tension, osmotic pressure, microfilament and microtubule-dependent tension involved controllably in promoting axonal growth. A squeezing model was built to analyze the mechanical mechanism underlying axonal elongation, which may provide a new view of axonal growth and inspire further research.
Effects of Load on Peak Power Output Fatigue During the Bench Throw
Authors: Boffey David , Sokmen Bulent , Sollanek Kurt , Boda Wanda , Winter Steven 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Boffey, D, Sokmen, B, Sollanek, K, Boda, W, and Winter, S. Effects of load on peak power output fatigue during the bench throw. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 355–359, 2019—The ability to create power is an important variable for athletic success. No study to date has compared peak power output (PPO) fatigue across multiple sets and with different loads with the bench throw. This study aimed to begin the process of establishing empirical upper-body power training guidelines for moderately strong athletes by determining how load (30, 45, and 60% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) affects PPO (Watts) dropoff during 3 sets of 10 repetitions of the bench throw. Ten resistance-trained male volunteers ([mean ± SD]: age 20.58 ± 1.36 years, height 176.05 ± 9.09 cm, body mass 78.65 ± 9.93 kg, bench press 1RM 99.79 ± 18.52 kg) performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions of the bench throw with one of the 3 loads during 3 weekly sessions. A Humac 360 device collected concentric phase PPO data during each repetition. The data were analyzed using one-way (treatment) and 2-way (treatment × time) repeated-measures analysis of variance. A significant decrease in PPO was observed during repetitions 5–7 at 30%, 3–4 at 45%, and 2–3 at 60% 1RM. Based on the results of this study, coaches who want to maximize power should potentially keep sets of upper-body plyometrics within these repetition ranges. The authors recommend that moderately strong athletes perform the bench throw on a Smith machine at 45% or 60% 1RM to produce high PPO over multiple sets.
Self-Selected Resistance Exercise Load: Implications for Research and Prescription
Authors: Barbosa-Netto Sebastião , d'Acelino-e-Porto Obanshe S. , Almeida Marcos B. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Barbosa-Netto, S, d'Acelino-e-Porto, OS, and Almeida, MB. Self-selected resistance exercise load: implications for research and prescription. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S166–S172, 2021—Resistance training has been widely used for maintaining or improving the quality of life and sports performance. It is not clear, however, whether the load commonly used in these exercises is equivalent to the number of repetitions determined for execution, that is, the level of effort applied to the self-selected load. Ergo, the aim of this study was to identify the number of maximum repetitions that strength training practitioners can perform with the load commonly used (self-selected) to perform 10 repetitions in their training routines. The sample consisted of 160 healthy trained men (25.7 ± 4.5 years, 81.2 ± 10.4 kg, 177.9 ± 6.2 cm). Subjects answered the question “What weight do you usually lift for 10 repetitions on free-weight bench press exercise?” The answer was considered the self-selected 10 repetitions load (S10RL). After a brief warm-up, each individual was instructed to perform as many repetitions as possible at S10RL (repetition maximum [RMS10RL]) at a single bout of free-weight bench press. The RMS10RL was analyzed with the single sample t test, adopting the reference value of 10 repetitions. Individuals performed 16 ± 5RMS10RL (median = 15), which represent a statistical difference for the 10-repetition reference value (p < 0.001). The most prevalent RMS10RL range was from 13 to 15 repetitions (31%), and only 22% performed between 10 and 12 repetitions. It was concluded that most individuals can perform a number of repetitions well above the 10 repetitions predicted for the selected load. Therefore, the training routines are not compatible with maximum effort.
Sex Differences in Aerobic Fitness in Top-Class Soccer Referees
Authors: Castagna Carlo , Bizzini Mario , D'Ottavio Stefano , Araújo Póvoas Susana C. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Castagna, C, Bizzini, M, D'Ottavio, S, and Araújo Póvoas, SC. Sex differences in aerobic fitness in top-class soccer referees. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3216–3221, 2018—The aim of this study was to assess the aerobic-fitness differences between male and female top-class soccer field referees (FRs). This with the purpose to provide cutoff values useful for training prescription in female FRs. Forty female top-class FRs (age 34.18 ± 3.50 years and 5 ± 3.9 years international refereeing experience) and 52 male FRs (age 38.4 ± 3.3 years and 5 ± 3.5 years international refereeing experience) candidates in the preliminary open list developed by the FIFA Refereeing Department for the 2014 and 2015 World Cup Tournaments, participated in the study. The FRs were tested for aerobic fitness under laboratory conditions with a progressive speed treadmill test until exhaustion. Female FRs showed to possess, on average, lower (large effect) levels of aerobic fitness and performance compared with their male counterparts. The female FRs' V̇o
2max (48.1 ± 4.4 ml·kg−1·min−1) was 7% (large effect) lower than the male FRs (51.9 ml·kg−1·min−1). Peak treadmill speed was 11% lower (large effect) in female FRs (16.27 ± 0.94 vs. 14.64 ± 0.96 km·h−1). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis enabled cutoff values (47.8 ml·kg−1·min−1 for V̇o
2max) that may be used as preliminary cues to guide physiological selection and training prescription in female FRs aiming to officiate male-soccer matches. Only 2.5% of the female FRs showed V̇o
2max higher than the mean values of male FRs when using the scaled notation (0.68). Female FRs aiming to officiate male competitions should consider training intensities at anaerobic threshold speed (13 km·h−1, 95% heart rate max) when developing aerobic fitness. Given the very large sex differences in aerobic performance, strength/power training should be proposed to perspective female top-class FRs.
Total and Segmental Body Composition Examination in Collegiate Football Players Using Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Dual X-ray Absorptiometry
Authors: Raymond Christiana J. , Dengel Donald R. , Bosch Tyler A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Raymond, CJ, Dengel, DR, and Bosch, TA. Total and segmental body composition examination in collegiate football players using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual X-ray absorptiometry. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 772–782, 2018—The current study examined the influence of player position on the agreement between multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MfBIA) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) when assessing total and segmental percent body fat (BF%), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate football athletes. Forty-four male collegiate athletes (age = 19 ± 1 year; height = 1.9 ± 1.0 m; and body mass = 106.4 ± 18.8 kg) participated. Player positions included: offensive linemen (OL; n = 7), tight ends (TE; n = 4), wide receivers (WR; n = 9), defensive linemen (DL; n = 6), defensive backs (DB; n = 8), linebackers (LB; n = 6), and running backs (RB; n = 4). Total and segmental body composition measured using MfBIA were compared with values obtained using DXA. Compared with DXA, MfBIA underestimated BF% (3.0 ± 3.8%), total FM (2.5 ± 4.3 kg), arm FM (0.4 ± 0.8 kg), arm FFM (1.4 ± 0.9 kg), leg FM (2.8 ± 2.0 kg), and leg FFM (5.4 ± 2.4 kg) (all p < 0.001; arm FM p = 0.002) and overestimated total FFM (−2.4 ± 4.5 kg) (p < 0.001). Limits of agreement (LOAs) were: ±7.39% (BF%), ±8.50 kg (total FM), ±1.50 kg (arm FM), ±1.83 kg (arm FFM), ±3.83 kg (leg FM), ±4.62 kg (leg FFM), and ±8.83 kg (total FFM). No significant differences were observed between devices for trunk FM (−0.3 ± 3.0 kg; p = 0.565) and trunk FFM (0.4 ± 2.4 kg; p = 0.278), with LOAs of ±5.92 and ±4.69 kg, respectively. Player position significantly affected all between-device mean body composition measurement differences (adjusted p ≤ 0.05), with OL demonstrating the greatest effect on each variable. Therefore, MfBIA does not seem accurate in examining between-player body composition in college football players.
Effect of Load Carriage on Tactical Performance in Special Weapons and Tactics Operators
Authors: Thomas Matthew , Pohl Michael B. , Shapiro Robert , Keeler Jason , Abel Mark G. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Thomas, JM, Pohl, MB, Shapiro, R, Keeler, J, and Abel, MG. Effect of load carriage on tactical performance in special weapons and tactics operators. J Strength Cond Res 32(2): 554–564, 2018—Special weapons and tactics (SWAT) operators are specially trained personnel that are required to carry equipment to perform high-risk tasks. Given the need to carry this equipment, it is important to understand the potentially deleterious effect that the additional load may have on tactical performance. Furthermore, it is important to identify physical fitness characteristics that are associated with the potential decrement in performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of load carriage on tactical physical ability and marksmanship and to identify fitness characteristics associated with any decrement in performance. Twelve male SWAT operators were timed while performing a simulated tactical test (STT) on a live firing range with (loaded condition) and without equipment (unloaded condition). A battery of physical fitness assessments were used to assess anaerobic and aerobic power, muscular endurance, strength, agility, and flexibility. Paired-samples t-tests were used to identify differences between STT conditions, and bivariate correlations were used to determine relationships between STT and fitness outcomes. Time to complete the STT in the loaded condition increased by 7.8% compared with the unloaded condition (p < 0.001). Nine of the 13 STT tasks were performed significantly slower in the loaded condition. Fatigue index (r = 0.64) and V̇o
2peak (r = −0.62) were associated with the decrement in the overall STT time. Marksmanship was not different between load carriage conditions (p = 0.816). These findings indicate that resistance to anaerobic fatigue and aerobic power are related to the decrement in tactical performance produced by load carriage.
Effects of Different Resistance Training Systems on Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy in Resistance-Trained Older Women
Authors: Ribeiro Alex S. , Aguiar Andreo F. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Nunes João P. , Cavalcante Edilaine F. , Cadore Eduardo L. , Cyrino Edilson S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Ribeiro, AS, Aguiar, AF, Schoenfeld, BJ, Nunes, JP, Cavalcanti, EF, Cadore, EL, and Cyrino, ES. Effects of different resistance training systems on muscular strength and hypertrophy in resistance-trained older women. J Strength Cond Res 32(2): 545–553, 2018—The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) performed in a pyramid (PR) vs. constant (CT) load system on muscular strength and hypertrophy in resistance-trained older women. Thirty-three older women (69.7 ± 5.9 years, 69.1 ± 15.0 kg, 156.6 ± 6.2 cm, and 28.1 ± 5.4 kg·m−2) were randomized into 2 groups: one that performed RT with a CT load (n = 16) and another group that performed RT in an ascending PR fashion (n = 17). Outcomes included 1 repetition maximum (RM) tests and assessment of skeletal muscle mass estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The study lasted 32 weeks, with 24 weeks dedicated to preconditioning and 8 weeks for the actual experiment. The RT program was conducted 3 d·wk−1; the CT consisted of 3 sets of 8–12RM with same load across sets, whereas the PR consisted of 3 sets of 12/10/8RM with incremental loads for each set. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) change from pretraining to posttraining was observed for chest press total strength (CT: pre = 122.8 ± 21.0 kg, post = 128.9 ± 21.4 kg, effect size [ES] = 0.28; PR: pre = 120.5 ± 22.8 kg, post = 125.8 ± 22.9 kg, ES = 0.24) and muscle mass (CT: pre = 21.4 ± 3.6 kg, post = 21.7 ± 3.5 kg, ES = 0.09; PR: pre = 20.9 ± 3.4 kg, post = 21.1 ± 3.4 kg, ES = 0.06) without differences between groups. Results suggest that both systems are effective to improve strength and muscle growth, but PR is not superior to CT for inducing improvements in previously trained older women.
Biomechanical Methods to Quantify Muscle Effort During Resistance Exercise
Authors: Chiu Loren Z.F. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Chiu, LZF. Biomechanical methods to quantify muscle effort during resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 32(2): 502–513, 2018—Muscle hypertrophy and strength adaptations elicited by resistance training are dependent on the force exerted by active muscles. As an exercise may use many muscles, determining force for individual muscles or muscle groupings is important to understand the relation between an exercise and these adaptations. Muscle effort—the amount of force or a surrogate measure related to the amount of force exerted during a task—can be quantified using biomechanical methods. The purpose of this review was to summarize the biomechanical methods used to estimate muscle effort in movements, particularly resistance training exercises. These approaches include the following: (a) inverse dynamics with rigid body models, (b) forward dynamics and EMG-driven models, (c) normalized EMG, and (d) inverse dynamics with point-mass models. Rigid body models quantify muscle effort as net joint moments. Forward dynamics and EMG-driven models estimate muscle force as well as determine the effect of a muscle's action throughout the body. Nonlinear relations between EMG and muscle force and normalization reference action selection affect the usefulness of EMG as a measure of muscle effort. Point-mass models include kinetics calculated from barbell (or other implement) kinematics recorded using electromechanical transducers or measured using force platforms. Point-mass models only allow the net force exerted on the barbell or lifter-barbell system to be determined, so they cannot be used to estimate muscle effort. Data from studies using rigid body models, normalized EMG, and musculoskeletal modeling should be combined to develop hypotheses regarding muscle effort; these hypotheses should be verified by training interventions.
Developing Characters Based on Local Wisdom of Bali in Teaching Physics in Senior High School
Authors: Suastra I. W. , Jatmiko B. , Ristiati N. P. , Yasmini L. P. B. 
Published: November 2017

<p>Human resources with good characters are badly needed in a national development. Hence, developing characters, especially the development of characters based on local wisdom is highly needed. This study was part of a study of local culture-based Physics model of teaching at senior high school, i.e., the need analysis and conceptual model prototype stage. The subjects were 20 physics teachers who had at least 10 years of teaching physics experience at public and private senior high schools in Singaraja, Bali. The study used questionnaire, observation guide, and interview as the instruments for collecting the data. The data were analyzed by a descriptivequalitative analysis. The result showed that (1) Nine Balinese local wisdom-based characters could be developed in physics teaching; (2) The method that is appropriate for the local wisdom-based development of characters is inquiry from various perspectives, discussion, and demonstration; (3) The core procedure of teaching that can develop the students’ character are exploration, focusing attention, inquiry from various perspectives (scientific, sociocultural, historical), elaboration, and confirmation.<br /><br /></p>
Functional Redundancy of Variant and Canonical Histone H3 Lysine 9 Modification in Drosophila
Authors: Penke Taylor J R , McKay Daniel J , Strahl Brian D , Matera A Gregory , Duronio Robert J 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and differential incorporation of variant and canonical histones into chromatin are central modes of epigenetic regulation. Despite similar protein sequences, histone variants are enriched for different suites of PTMs compared to their canonical counterparts. For example, variant histone H3.3 occurs primarily in transcribed regions and is enriched for “active” histone PTMs like Lys9 acetylation (H3.3K9ac), whereas the canonical histone H3 is enriched for Lys9 methylation (H3K9me), which is found in transcriptionally silent heterochromatin. To determine the functions of K9 modification on variant vs. canonical H3, we compared the phenotypes caused by engineering H3.3K9R and H3K9R mutant genotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. Whereas most H3.3K9R, and a small number of H3K9R, mutant animals are capable of completing development and do not have substantially altered protein-coding transcriptomes, all H3.3K9R H3K9R combined mutants die soon after embryogenesis and display decreased expression of genes enriched for K9ac. These data suggest that the role of K9ac in gene activation during development can be provided by either H3 or H3.3. Conversely, we found that H3.3K9 is methylated at telomeric transposons and that this mark contributes to repressive chromatin architecture, supporting a role for H3.3 in heterochromatin that is distinct from that of H3. Thus, our genetic and molecular analyses demonstrate that K9 modification of variant and canonical H3 have overlapping roles in development and transcriptional regulation, though to differing extents in euchromatin and heterochromatin.