bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cervical Cancer Screening Programs on Preterm Birth
Authors: Kamphuis Esmé I. , Naber Steffie K. , Danhof Noor A. , Habbema J. Dik F. , de Groot Christianne J. M. , Mol Ben W. J. 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the effect of age at initiation and interval of cervical cancer screening in women of reproductive age on the risk of future preterm birth and subsequent adverse neonatal outcome relative to maternal life-years gained and cost of both screening and preterm birth.

METHODS:
In this decision and cost-effectiveness analysis, we compared eight cytology-based screening programs varying in age of onset (21, 24, 25, 27, or 30 years) and screening interval (3 or 5 years) in a fictive cohort of 100,000 women. We used the microsimulation screening analysis model to estimate number of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia diagnoses, large loop excisions of the transformation zone (LLETZs), life-years gained, cervical cancer cases, deaths, and costs of screening and treatment. We used the number of LLETZs to calculate additional preterm births, subsequent neonatal morbidity, mortality, and associated costs.

RESULTS:
The number of LLETZs per 100,000 women varied from 9,612 for the most intensive screening (every 3 years from age 21 years) to 4,646 for the least intensive screening (every 5 years from age 30 years). Compared with the least intensive program, the most intensive program increased maternal life-years gained by 9% (10,728 compared with 9,839), decreased cervical cancer cases by 67% (52 compared with 158), and cervical cancer deaths by 75% (four compared with 16) at the expense of 250% (158 compared with 45) more preterm births and 320% (four compared with one) more neonatal deaths while increasing total costs by $55 million ($77 compared with $23 million). The number of maternal life-years gained per additional preterm birth varied from 68 to 258 with subsequent total costs per maternal life-years gained of $7,212 and $2,329.

CONCLUSION:
Cervical cancer screening every 3 years and subsequent treatment in women aged younger than 30 years yield limited life-years but may have substantial perinatal adverse effects. Consequently, women who plan to have children may benefit from a more cautious screening approach, taking into account their risk for both cancer and preterm birth.
Placental Alpha Microglobulin-1 Compared With Fetal Fibronectin to Predict Preterm Delivery in Symptomatic Women
Authors: Wing Deborah A. , Haeri Sina , Silber Angela C. , Roth Cheryl K. , Weiner Carl P. , Echebiri Nelson C. , Franco Albert , Pappas Lanissa M. , Yeast John D. , Brebnor Angelle A. , Quirk J. Gerald , Murphy Aisling M. , Laurent Louise C. , Field Nancy T. , Norton Mary E. 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To compare the rapid bedside test for placental α microglobulin-1 with the instrumented fetal fibronectin test for prediction of imminent spontaneous preterm delivery among women with symptoms of preterm labor.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective observational study on pregnant women with signs or symptoms suggestive of preterm labor between 24 and 35 weeks of gestation with intact membranes and cervical dilatation less than 3 cm. Participants were prospectively enrolled at 15 U.S. academic and community centers. Placental α microglobulin-1 samples did not require a speculum examination. Health care providers were blinded to placental α microglobulin-1 results. Fetal fibronectin samples were collected through speculum examination per manufacturer requirements and sent to a certified laboratory for testing using a cutoff of 50 ng/mL. The coprimary endpoints were positive predictive value (PPV) superiority and negative predictive value (NPV) noninferiority of placental α microglobulin-1 compared with fetal fibronectin for the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth within 7 days and within 14 days.

RESULTS:
Of 796 women included in the study cohort, 711 (89.3%) had both placental α microglobulin-1 and fetal fibronectin results and valid delivery outcomes available for analysis. The overall rate of preterm birth was 2.4% (17/711) within 7 days of testing and 4.2% (30/711) within 14 days of testing with respective rates of spontaneous preterm birth of 1.3% (9/703) and 2.9% (20/701). Fetal fibronectin was detected in 15.5% (110/711), and placental α microglobulin-1 was detected in 2.4% (17/711). The PPVs for spontaneous preterm delivery within 7 days or less among singleton gestations (n=13) for placental α microglobulin-1 and fetal fibronectin were 23.1% (3/13) and 4.3% (4/94), respectively (P<.025 for superiority). The NPVs were 99.5% (619/622) and 99.6% (539/541) for placental α microglobulin-1 and fetal fibronectin, respectively (P<.001 for noninferiority).

CONCLUSION:
Although placental α microglobulin-1 performed the same as fetal fibronectin in ruling out spontaneous preterm delivery among symptomatic women, it demonstrated statistical superiority in predicting it.
PARACENTRAL ACUTE MIDDLE MACULOPATHY IN A PERIVENULAR FERN-LIKE DISTRIBUTION WITH EN FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Garrity Sean T. , Tseng Victoria L. , Sarraf David 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To report a case of central retinal vein occlusion resulting in a perivenular pattern of paracentral acute middle maculopathy lesions best identified with en face optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods:
Retrospective case report. Optos ultra–widefield fluorescein angiography, spectral domain OCT, en face OCT, and OCT angiography were performed.

Results:
A 41-year-old man presented with decreased vision in the right eye for 2 weeks. Funduscopic examination of the affected right eye was notable for subtle retinal whitening in the macula, mild retinal venous dilation and tortuosity, and few scattered retinal dot and blot hemorrhages consistent with an acute central retinal vein occlusion. Widefield fluorescein angiography demonstrated delayed arterial and venous filling but no evidence of significant peripheral retinal vascular ischemia. En face OCT segmented at the inner nuclear layer illustrated a remarkable and precise perivenular distribution of fern-like paracentral acute middle maculopathy with periarterial sparing, whereas en face OCT segmented at the outer nuclear layer demonstrated florid cystoid macular edema. At 6-week follow-up, OCT demonstrated patchy areas of atrophic inner nuclear layer and spontaneous resolution of the cystoid macular edema. Optical coherence tomography angiography at the level of the deep capillary plexus illustrated remarkable flow reduction of the deep capillary plexus in mainly a perivenular distribution.

Conclusion:
The authors report a case of a central retinal vein occlusion with mild retinal findings associated with a remarkable perivenular pattern of paracentral acute middle maculopathy with en face OCT. Follow-up OCT angiography demonstrated significant flow reduction of the deep capillary plexus in a perivenular pattern. The perivenular pattern of paracentral acute middle maculopathy lesions with en face OCT can be an important finding suggestive of a central retinal vein occlusion.
PARACENTRAL ACUTE MIDDLE MACULOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH BILATERAL OPTIC DISK SWELLING AND MENINGITIS
Authors: Zhao Zhenyang , Faith Parker , Pakzad-Vaezi Kaivon , Chu Zhongdi , Wang Ruikang K. , Mudumbai Raghu C. , Rezaei Kasra A. 
Published: November 2017

Background/Purpose:
To present a novel case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy associated with bilateral optic disk swelling.

Methods:
Retrospective case report.

Results:
A 67-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of central vision loss and subsequent bilateral optic disk edema, retinal vessel attenuation, and anterior uveitis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed signs of inflammation. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated the pathognomonic hyperreflectivity of the middle retinal layers consistent with paracentral acute middle maculopathy. Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography with custom vessel analysis demonstrated a 18.3% decrease in the deep retinal vascular density and 2.4 times increase in absent flow area in the affected eye compared with the fellow eye.

Conclusion:
This case demonstrates a novel association between paracentral acute middle maculopathy and bilateral optic disk swelling secondary to central nervous system inflammation and possible infection. Although spectral domain optical coherence tomography is valuable in detecting paracentral acute middle maculopathy, optical coherence tomography angiography with vessel analysis can provide additional insight into the disease mechanism.
Update on treatment of adolescent Blount disease
Authors: de Pablos Julio , Arbeloa-Gutierrez Lucas , Arenas-Miquelez Antonio 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
Treatments available to correct adolescent Blount disease deformities differ in terms of features, advantages, and disadvantages. Each is indicated, therefore, for different scenarios of severity, physeal condition, and maturity. The purpose of this review is to update basic concepts, surgical treatments, and controversies concerning this disorder.

Recent findings
The cause of Blount disease is unknown although etiologic factors as morbid obesity and hypovitaminosis D are thought to be associated with it. Recently, semiinvasive techniques (guided growth) have been proposed for mild deformities but remain controversial. Osteotomies with external fixation (hexapodes) are still the most recommended corrective treatment in this condition.

Summary
Little is known about the origin and natural history of Blount disease. Treatment is always surgical and, given their complexity, should be preceded by a thorough analysis and planning regarding all deformities. Treatment principles are to correct the three-dimensional deformity and avoid recurrence. The choice of technique mainly depends on patient maturity and severity. Guided growth is a good choice for more immature patients with moderate deformities. Progressive correction using osteotomy or physeal distraction is indicated for patients with severe deformities and low remaining growth. The Taylor spatial frame is currently the most popular progressive correction device.
111In-DTPA-Octreotide SPECT (OctreoScan) Uptake in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Pancreas
Authors: Chan Kenneth , Luong Tu Vinh , Navalkissoor Shaunak 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We report a case of late presentation of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) demonstrating intense 111In-DTPA-octreotide uptake in pancreas without recurrence at the primary site. Immunohistochemistry study revealed somatostatin receptor subtype 2 of metastatic RCC preferentially expressed on tumor endothelial cells. The typical hypervascular features of RCC with intense homogeneous contrast enhancement in the arterial phase on CT should raise the possibility of metastatic RCC. This case illustrates that RCC can demonstrate high octreotide uptake in abdominal metastases.
The Impact of Hepatectomy Time of the Liver Graft on Post-transplant Outcome
Authors: Jochmans Ina , Fieuws Steffen , Tieken Ineke , Samuel Undine , Pirenne Jacques 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
Assessing the effect of donor hepatectomy time on outcome after transplantation.

Summary of Background Data:
When blood supply in a deceased organ donor stops, ischemic injury starts. Livers are cooled to reduce cellular metabolism and minimize ischemic injury. This cooling is slow and livers are lukewarm during hepatectomy, potentially affecting outcome.

Methods:
We used the Eurotransplant Registry to investigate the relationship between donor hepatectomy time and post-transplant outcome in 12,974 recipients of deceased-donor livers (January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2013). Cox regression analyses for patient and graft survival (censored and uncensored for death with a functioning graft) were corrected for donor, preservation, and recipient variables. Donor hepatectomy time was defined as time between start of aortic cold flush and placement of the liver in the ice-bowl.

Results:
Median donor hepatectomy time was 41 minutes [interquartile range (IQR) 32 to 52]. Livers donated after circulatory death had longer hepatectomy times than those from brain-dead donors [50 minutes (35 to 68) vs 40 minutes (32 to 51), P < 0.001]. Donor hepatectomy time was independently associated with graft loss [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.03 for every 10-minute increase, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.02–1.05; P < 0.001]. The magnitude of this effect was comparable to the effect of each hour of additional cold ischemia time (adjusted HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.05; P < 0.001). Donor hepatectomy time had a similar effect on death-censored graft survival and patient survival. Livers donated after circulatory death and those with a higher donor risk index were more susceptible to the effect of donor hepatectomy time on death-censored graft survival.

Conclusion:
Donor hepatectomy time impairs liver transplant outcome. Keeping this time short together with efficient cooling during hepatectomy might improve outcome.
Lateral Transperitoneal Adrenalectomy Versus Posterior Retroperitoneoscopic Adrenalectomy for Benign Adrenal Gland Disease
Authors: Chai Young Jun , Yu Hyeong Won , Song Ra-Yeong , Kim Su-jin , Choi June Young , Lee Kyu Eun 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes of lateral transperitoneal adrenalectomy (LTA) and posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy (PRA) for benign adrenal tumor.

Background:
Although LTA is the standard treatment for benign adrenal gland tumor, PRA has recently gained popularity. Studies comparing the surgical outcomes of the 2 approaches have reported conflicting findings and thus it remains unclear which approach is superior.

Methods:
This trial was conducted between September 2012 and February 2016. Patients were randomized to either LTA or PRA groups in a 1:1 ratio using web-based randomization. The primary outcome was operative time, and the secondary outcomes were blood loss, intraoperative hemodynamic stability, postoperative pain, recovery of bowel movement, and complication rates. This trial was registered with ClincalTrials.gov, number NCT01676025.

Results:
A total of 83 patients were randomly assigned to the LTA group (n = 42) or the PRA group (n = 41). Median follow-up was 31.3 months. The mean operative times of LTA and PRA were comparable (59.7 ± 18.6 vs 67.6 ± 28.7 minutes, P = 0.139). Logistic regression analysis showed that male sex [odds ratio (OR) = 4.20] and pheochromocytoma (OR = 5.06) were associated with an operative time ≥60 minutes. There were no differences in the secondary outcomes between the groups. One patient in the PRA group required open conversion.

Conclusion:
Both LTA and PRA were performed safely with similar operative outcomes, and thus are comparable options for the treatment of benign adrenal gland tumor.
Growth of urban farm employment in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Anthony Balu 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the structure of employment in the most urbanized state in India during the period 1983-2010. The paper also analyses the determinants of growth of farm employment in urban areas in the state of Tamil Nadu.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper compares trends in employment in Tamil Nadu with that of the country as a whole. In order to see whether there is evidence of Lewisian labor transfer, the study examines labor transfer between sectors and percentage distribution of workers in the rural and urban areas.

Findings
The paper finds that employment in the entire non-agricultural sector slowed down in 2009-2010 compared to 2004-05 in Tamil Nadu. The share of employment in primary sector in urban areas increased more sharply, experiencing slow economic transformation in the post-reform years. The analysis reveals that rapid rural-urban transformation could be one reason for more people in the primary sector in urban areas.

Research limitations/implications
Studying the employment structure at the district level, for which analyzing the district-level data collected and published by state’s Bureau of Economics and Statistics is required, would be helpful to discern a deeper influence of urbanization on structure of employment.

Practical implications
The results suggest that the issue needs further examination with analysis of the district-level data. Policy reforms should, therefore, be suitably oriented toward tapping the employment potential of both unorganized and organized segments in manufacturing, trade and services sectors. It is also necessary to ensure robust economic growth that creates decent jobs for all young educated people in the state.

Originality/value
The study explains the domination of farm employment in urban Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu is considered to be the most urbanized state in India. The reason for an increase in the share of primary sector employment in urban areas of Tamil Nadu is due to high urbanization in the post-reform periods.
Nocebo effects from negative product information: when information hurts, paying money could heal
Authors: Mukherjee Sumitava , Sahay Arvind 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This research aimed to find whether information about a product can give rise to negative perceptions even in inert situations (nocebo effects), and to understand how price levels impact such judgments.

Design/methodology/approach
In all experiments, participants were exposed to negative product information in the form of potential side-effects. In an initial study, a higher non-discounted versus a discounted price frame was presented for a health drink after customers were exposed to negative aspects. Then, in experiment 1, price (high vs low) and exposure to information (no information vs negative information) was manipulated for skin creams where participants physically evaluated the cream. In experiment 2, price was manipulated at three levels (low, high, discounted) orthogonally with product information (no negative information vs with negative information) to get a more nuanced understanding.

Findings
In the initial study, after exposure to negative information, the non-discounted group had more positive ratings for the drink. Study 1 showed that reading about negative information resulted in a nocebo effect on perception of dryness (side-effect). Moreover, when no information was presented, perception of dryness by low and high price groups were similar but in the face of negative information, perception of dryness by low-price group was more pronounced compared to a high-price group. Study 2 conceptually replicated the effect and also confirmed that not only discounts (commonly linked with product quality), but absolute price levels also show a similar effect.

Practical implications
Nocebo effects have been rarely documented in consumer research. This research showed how simply reading generically about potential side effects gives rise to nocebo effects. In addition, even though marketers might find it tempting to lower prices when there is negative information about certain product categories, such an action could backfire.

Originality/value
To the best of our knowledge, the link between observable nocebo effects and its link with pricing actions is a novel research thread. We were able to show a nocebo effect on product perception after reading about negative information and also find that a higher price can mitigate the nocebo effect to some extent.
Social enterprise in Antebellum America: the case of Nashoba (1824-1829)
Authors: Murphy Patrick J. , Smothers Jack , Novicevic Milorad M. , Humphreys John H. , Roberts Foster B. , Kornetskyy Artem 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper examines the case of Nashoba, a Tennessee-based social enterprise founded in 1824 by Scottish immigrant Frances Wright. The Nashoba venture intended to diminish the institution of slavery in the USA through entrepreneurial activity over its five years of operation.

Design/methodology/approach
This study methodology entailed mining primary source data from Wright’s letters; communications with her cofounders and contemporaries; and documentations of enterprise operations. The authors examined these data using social enterprise theory with a focus on personal identity and time-laden empirical aspects not captured by traditional methodologies.

Findings
The social enterprise concept of a single, self-sustaining model generating more than one denomination of value in a blended form has a deeper history than the literature acknowledges. As an entrepreneur, Wright made strategic decisions in a context of supply-side and demand-side threats to the venture. The social enterprise engaged injustice by going beyond market and state contexts to generate impact in the realms of institutions and non-excludable public goods.

Research limitations/implications
This study generates two formal implications for the development of new research questions in social enterprise studies. The first implication addresses the relation between social entrepreneurs and their constituencies. The second implication pertains to the effects of macro-level education, awareness and politics on social enterprise performance and impact. The implications herald new insights in social enterprise, such as the limits of moral conviction and the importance of social disruption.

Originality/value
This paper broadens the current understanding of how social enterprises redress unjust and unethical institutions. It also contributes new insights into social enterprise launch and growth based on shared values within communities and coordinated strategic intentions across communities.
Risk time framing for wellbeing in older people: a multi-national appreciative inquiry
Authors: Clarke Charlotte Laura , Titterton Mike , Wilcockson Jane , Reed Jane , Moyle Wendy , Klein Barbara , Marais Sandra , Cook Glenda 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the experience of older people and their sense of developing wellbeing, including consideration of the strategies they employ to respond to perceived risk.

Design/methodology/approach
An Appreciative Inquiry study was used, which collected data with 58 participants in focus group and individual interviews. Interviews focussed on ways in which older people in South Africa, Australia, Germany and the UK understand and seek to maintain wellbeing.

Findings
The changing time horizons of older people lead to perceptions of risk and concerns that embrace societal as well as individual concerns. Often, this leads to a sense of societal responsibility and desire for social change, which is frustrated by a perceived exclusion from participation in society.

Social implications
In mental health practice and education, it is imperative to embrace the shift from ageist concerns (with later life viewed as risky and tragic in itself) towards a greater sensitivity for older people’s resilience, the strategies they deploy to maintain this, and their desire for more control and respect for their potential to contribute to society.

Originality/value
Variation in time horizons leads to changes in temporal accounting, which may be under-utilised by society. Consequently, societies may not recognise and support the resilience of older people to the detriment of older people as individuals and to the wider society.