bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isoacteoside, a dihydroxyphenylethyl glycoside, exhibits anti‐inflammatory effects through blocking toll‐like receptor 4 dimerization
Authors: Gao Hongwei , Cui Yankun , Kang Naixin , Liu Xin , Liu Yanli , Zou Yue , Zhang Ziyu , Li Xiaoran , Yang Shilin , Li Ji , Wang Chunming , Xu Qiong‐ming , Chen Xiuping 
Published: June 2017

Background and PurposeIsoacteoside (is a phenylethanoid isolated from Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim., which is an anti‐inflammatory herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the exact mechanism of the anti‐inflammatory activity of isoacteoside is not completely understood. In this study, its anti‐inflammatory mechanism was elucidated in mouse macrophages.Experimental ApproachThe expression of the NF‐κB pathway, MAPK pathway, iNOS, TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β was evaluated using Western blotting, quantitative real‐time PCR or ELISA. TLR4 dimerization was determined by transfecting HEK293T cells with TLR4 plasmids. The in vivo anti‐inflammatory effect of isoacteoside was determined using mouse models of xylene‐induced ear oedema, LPS‐induced endotoxic shock and LPS‐induced endotoxaemia‐associated acute kidney injury (AKI).Key ResultsIsoacteoside suppressed COX‐2, iNOS, TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β expression. Furthermore, isoacteoside attenuated the LPS‐induced transcriptional activity of NF‐κB by decreasing the levels of phosphorylated IκB‐α and IKK and NF‐κB/p65 nuclear translocation. In addition, isoacteoside inhibited LPS‐induced transcriptional activity of AP‐1 by reducing the levels of phosphorylated JNK1/2 and p38MAPK. Isoacteoside blocked LPS‐induced TLR4 dimerization, resulting in a reduction in the recruitment of MyD88 and TIR‐domain‐containing adapter‐inducing interferon‐β (TRIF) and the phosphorylation of TGF‐β‐activated kinase‐1 (TAK1). Pretreatment of mice with isoacteoside effectively inhibited xylene‐induced ear oedema and LPS‐induced endotoxic death and protected against LPS‐induced AKI.Conclusions and ImplicationsIsoacteoside blocked TLR4 dimerization, which activates the MyD88–TAK1–NF‐κB/MAPK signalling cascades and TRIF pathway. Our data indicate that isoacteoside is a potential lead compound for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Contrasting effects of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate on cloned TMEM16A and TMEM16B channels
Authors: Ta Chau M , Acheson Kathryn E , Rorsman Nils J G , Jongkind Remco C , Tammaro Paolo 
Published: June 2017

Background and PurposeCa2+‐activated Cl− channels (CaCCs) are gated open by a rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), typically provoked by activation of Gq‐protein coupled receptors (GqPCR). GqPCR activation initiates depletion of plasmalemmal phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2). Here, we determined whether PIP2 acts as a signalling lipid for CaCCs coded by the TMEM16A and TMEM16B genes.Experimental ApproachPatch‐clamp electrophysiology, in conjunction with genetically encoded systems to control cellular PIP2 content, was used to define the mechanism of action of PIP2 on TMEM16A and TMEM16B channels.Key ResultsA water‐soluble PIP2 analogue (diC8‐PIP2) activated TMEM16A channels by up to fivefold and inhibited TMEM16B by ~0.2‐fold. The effects of diC8‐PIP2 on TMEM16A currents were especially pronounced at low [Ca2+]i. In contrast, diC8‐PIP2 modulation of TMEM16B channels did not vary over a broad [Ca2+]i range but was only detectable at highly depolarized membrane potentials. Modulation of TMEM16A and TMEM16B currents was due to changes in channel gating, while single channel conductance was unaltered. Co‐expression of TMEM16A or TMEM16B with a Danio rerio voltage‐sensitive phosphatase (DrVSP), which degrades PIP2, led to reduction and enhancement of TMEM16A and TMEM16B currents respectively. These effects were abolished by an inactivating mutation in DrVSP and antagonized by simultaneous co‐expression of a phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate 5‐kinase that catalyses PIP2 formation.Conclusions and ImplicationsPIP2 acts as a modifier of TMEM16A and TMEM16B channel gating. Drugs interacting with PIP2 signalling may affect TMEM16A and TMEM16B channel gating and have potential uses in basic science and implications for therapy.
Twenty‐first century remote sensing technologies are revolutionizing the study of tropical forests
Authors: Sanchez‐Azofeifa Arturo , Antonio Guzmán Jose , Campos Carlos A. , Castro Saulo , Garcia‐Millan Virginia , Nightingale Joanne , Rankine Cassidy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe fields of tropical biology and conservation face significant transformations due to rapid technological developments in remote sensing. Other fields (e.g. Archeology) are experiencing this momentous change even more rapidly. In this article, we review some of the challenges that the fields of tropical biology and conservation face during the first quarter of the twenty‐first century from the perspective of various remote sensing technologies, and discuss the transformations that they may bring to these disciplines. In addition, we review two emerging technologies driving paradigm changes in the nexus of ecology, remote sensing, and analytics: near‐surface remote sensing and Wireless Sensor Networks. These two technologies, arising from the eScience paradigm, offer unique opportunities to integrate field observations at hyper‐temporal and spatial resolutions that were not possible as recently as 5 years ago.
Heterogeneity in Perceptions of Parenting Among Arab Refugee Adolescents in Jordan
Authors: Smetana Judith G. , Ahmad Ikhlas 
Published: June 2017

Heterogeneity in parenting was examined in 883 Arab refugee adolescents in Jordan (Mage = 15.01 years, SD = 1.60). Latent profile analyses of five parenting dimensions rated separately for mothers and fathers yielded authoritative, authoritarian, indifferent, punitive, and for mothers, permissive profiles, with most mothers (60%) and fathers (66%) classified as authoritative. Parenting was more often authoritative for women than men and punitive (for fathers) or permissive (for mothers) of boys than girls. Authoritative fathers and authoritarian mothers were better educated than punitive parents, whose offspring reported more norm breaking and internalizing symptoms and lower academic achievement than other youth. Adjustment was better when adolescents had at least one authoritative parent than when parents were either consistent or discrepant but nonauthoritative.
Getting to No: Pragmatic and Semantic Factors in Two‐ and Three‐Year‐Olds' Understanding of Negation
Authors: Reuter Tracy , Feiman Roman , Snedeker Jesse 
Published: June 2017

Although infants say “no” early, older children have difficulty understanding its truth‐functional meaning. Two experiments investigate whether this difficulty stems from the infelicity of negative sentences out of the blue. In Experiment 1, given supportive discourse, 3‐year‐olds (N = 16) understood both affirmative and negative sentences. However, with sentence types randomized, 2‐year‐olds (N = 28) still failed. In Experiment 2, affirmative and negative sentences were blocked. Two‐year‐olds (N = 28) now succeeded, but only when affirmatives were presented first. Thus, although discourse felicity seems the primary bottleneck for 3‐year‐olds' understanding of negation, 2‐year‐olds struggle with its semantic processing. Contrary to accounts where negatives are understood via affirmatives, both sentence types were processed equally quickly, suggesting previously reported asymmetries are due to pragmatic accommodation, not semantic processing.
Resilience in Context: A Brief and Culturally Grounded Measure for Syrian Refugee and Jordanian Host‐Community Adolescents
Authors: Panter‐Brick Catherine , Hadfield Kristin , Dajani Rana , Eggerman Mark , Ager Alastair , Ungar Michael 
Published: June 2017

Validated measures are needed for assessing resilience in conflict settings. An Arabic version of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM) was developed and tested in Jordan. Following qualitative work, surveys were implemented with male/female, refugee/nonrefugee samples (N = 603, 11–18 years). Confirmatory factor analyses tested three‐factor structures for 28‐ and 12‐item CYRMs and measurement equivalence across groups. CYRM‐12 showed measurement reliability and face, content, construct (comparative fit index = .92–.98), and convergent validity. Gender‐differentiated item loadings reflected resource access and social responsibilities. Resilience scores were inversely associated with mental health symptoms, and for Syrian refugees were unrelated to lifetime trauma exposure. In assessing individual, family, and community‐level dimensions of resilience, the CYRM is a useful measure for research and practice with refugee and host‐community youth.
Road map for the clinical application of the basophil activation test in food allergy
Authors: Santos A. F. , Shreffler W. G. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe diagnosis of IgE‐mediated food allergy based solely on the clinical history and the documentation of specific IgE to whole allergen extract or single allergens is often ambiguous, requiring oral food challenges (OFCs), with the attendant risk and inconvenience to the patient, to confirm the diagnosis of food allergy. This is a considerable proportion of patients assessed in allergy clinics. The basophil activation test (BAT) has emerged as having superior specificity and comparable sensitivity to diagnose food allergy, when compared with skin prick test and specific IgE. BAT, therefore, may reduce the number of OFC required for accurate diagnosis, particularly positive OFC. BAT can also be used to monitor resolution of food allergy and the clinical response to immunomodulatory treatments. Given the practicalities involved in the performance of BAT, we propose that it can be applied for selected cases where the history, skin prick test and/or specific IgE are not definitive for the diagnosis of food allergy. In the cases that the BAT is positive, food allergy is sufficiently confirmed without OFC; in the cases that BAT is negative or the patient has non‐responder basophils, OFC may still be indicated. However, broad clinical application of BAT demands further standardization of the laboratory procedure and of the flow cytometry data analyses, as well as clinical validation of BAT as a diagnostic test for multiple target allergens and confirmation of its feasibility and cost‐effectiveness in multiple settings.
A Comprehensive Survey on Sampling‐Based Image Matting
Authors: Yao Guilin , Zhao Zhijie , Liu Shaohui 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSampling‐based image matting is currently playing a significant role and showing great further development potentials in image matting. However, the consequent survey articles and detailed classifications are still rare in the field of corresponding research. Furthermore, besides sampling strategies, most of the sampling‐based matting algorithms apply additional operations which actually conceal their real sampling performances. To inspire further improvements and new work, this paper makes a comprehensive survey on sampling‐based matting in the following five aspects: (i) Only the sampling step is initially preserved in the matting process to generate the final alpha results and make comparisons. (ii) Four basic categories including eight detailed classes for sampling‐based matting are presented, which are combined to generate the common sampling‐based matting algorithms. (iii) Each category including two classes is analysed and experimented independently on their advantages and disadvantages. (iv) Additional operations, including sampling weight, settling manner, complement and pre‐ and post‐processing, are sequentially analysed and added into sampling. Besides, the result and effect of each operation are also presented. (v) A pure sampling comparison framework is strongly recommended in future work.
Vocal palsy increases the risk of lower respiratory tract infection in low‐risk, low‐morbidity patients undergoing thyroidectomy for benign disease: A big data analysis
Authors: Nouraei S.A.R. , Allen J. , Kaddour H. , Middleton S.E. , Aylin P. , Darzi A. , Tolley N.S. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThyroidectomy is the commonest operation that places normally functioning laryngeal nerves at risk of injury. Vocal palsy is a major risk factor for dysphonia, dysphagia, and less commonly, airway obstruction. We investigated the association between post‐thyroidectomy vocal palsy and long‐term risks of pneumonia and laryngeal failure.DesignAn N=near‐all analysis of the English administrative dataset using a previously validated informatics algorithm to identify young and otherwise low‐risk patients undergoing first‐time elective thyroidectomy for benign disease. Information about age, sex, morbidities, social deprivation and post‐operative and late complications were derived.Main outcome measuresBetween 2004 and 2012, 43 515 patients between the ages of 20 and 69 who had no history of cancer, neurological, or respiratory disease underwent elective total or hemithyroidectomy without concomitant or late neck dissection, parathyroidectomy or laryngotracheal surgery for benign thyroid disease for the first and only time. Information about age, sex, morbidities and in‐hospital and late complications was recorded.ResultsMean age at surgery was 46±12. There was a strong female preponderance (85%), and most patients (89%) had no recorded Charlson comorbidities Most patients (65%) underwent hemithyroidectomy. Late vocal palsy was recorded in 449 (1.03%) patients, and its occurrence was an independent risk factor for emergency hospital readmission (n=7113; Hazard Ratio 1.52; 95% confidence interval 1.21‐1.91), hospitalisation for lower respiratory tract infection (n=944; HR 2.04; 95% CI 1.07‐3.75), dysphagia (n=564; HR 3.47; 95% CI 1.57‐7.65) and gastrostomy/tracheostomy placement (n=80; HR 20.8; 95% CI 2.5‐171.2). Independent risk factors for late vocal palsy were age, burden of morbidities, total thyroidectomy, post operative bleeding, male sex, and annual surgeon volume <30.ConclusionsThere is a significant association between post‐thyroidectomy vocal palsy and long‐term risks of hospital readmission, dysphagia, hospitalisation for lower respiratory tract infection, and gastrostomy/tracheostomy tube placement. This adds weight to the need, from a thyroid surgical perspective, to undertake universal post‐thyroidectomy laryngeal surveillance as a minimum standard of care, with a focus on post‐operative dysphagia and aspiration, and from a medical/respiratory perspective, to initiate investigations to identify occult vocal palsy in patients who present with pneumonia, who have a history of thyroid surgery.
Relation between upper‐limb muscle strength with exercise capacity, quality of life and dyspnea in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kaymaz Dicle , Candemir İpek Çaylı , Ergün Pınar , Demir Neşe , Taşdemir Filiz , Demir Pervin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionIn chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), skeletal muscle weakness is characterized by reduced muscle strength, reduced muscle endurance and the presence of muscle fatigue especially in lower limbs. There has been little research into the upper limb skeletal muscles.ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to investigate the relation of upper limb muscle strength with pulmonary function, exercise capacity, quality of life (QoL) and dyspnea sensation.MethodsEigthy‐eight patients (89.8% male; age: 64.2 ± 8.7 years) with COPD (FEV1 = 34.2% ± 15.2%) were evaluated. Tests included hand grip strength and actual 1‐repetition maximum (1RM) test for upper limb strength. Dyspnea sensation was assessed with medical research council (MRC) scale. St. George Respiratory Questionary (SGRQ) was used to evaluate patients health related QoL. Exercise capacity was evaluated with incremental shuttle walk test and endurance shuttle walk test.ResultsUpper limb muscle strength correlated with exercise capacity but no correlations were found with pulmonary functions.There were negative correlations with all the domains of SGRQ both actual 1RM and handgrip strength. MRC scores revealed a negative correlation with upper limb muscle strength.ConclusionIn our study, we showed that upper limb muscle strength correlated with exercise capacity, QoL, dyspnea sensation. Identifying patients who have greater reductions in strength will allow early interventions with a multidisciplinary manner.
Neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio and a dosimetric factor for predicting symptomatic radiation pneumonitis in non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Lee Yun Hee , Choi Hoon‐Sik , Jeong Hojin , Kang Ki Mun , Song Jin Ho , Lee Won Sup , Lee Gyeong‐Won , Song Haa‐Na , Kim Hoon‐Gu , Kang Myoung Hee , Rhee Dong Yoon , Jeong Bae Kwon 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the factors that predict the progression of radiological radiation pneumonitis (RP) to symptomatic RP, and to evaluate the usefulness of the neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a marker of RP severity and prognosis in stage III non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 61 patients treated between January 2010 and December 2015. Patients' demographic characteristics, clinical data, laboratory findings and treatment parameters were analyzed to determine the predictive factors associated with progression from radiological RP to symptomatic RP.ResultsForty‐seven patients (77%) exhibited radiological RP at a median of 78 days after radiation therapy (RT) completion, and 15 (32%) of these patients developed symptomatic RP. The interval between RT completion and radiological RP presentation was shorter in patients who progressed to symptomatic RP (P = .001); progression was highly probable if this latency period was ≤2 months (P = .002). Stage and RT technique correlated with symptomatic RP development (P = .046 and P = .046, respectively). Among dosimetric factors, a V20 (defined as the lung volume receiving ≥20 Gy) of >30% was the most significant predictor of symptomatic RP (P = .001). The NLR and C‐reactive protein level at radiological RP were higher in patients who developed symptomatic RP (P = .067 and P = .012, respectively). On multivariate analysis, a V20 >30% and an NLR at radiological RP >6 were associated with symptomatic RP development.ConclusionThe NLR at radiological RP is a useful biomarker for predicting symptomatic RP development after CCRT in stage III NSCLC patients.
A Proton Pump Inhibitor in the Reformulation Setting: Bioequivalence and Potential Implications for Long‐Term Safety
Authors: Dubcenco E , Beers‐Block PM , Kim LP , Schotland P , Levine JG , McCloskey CA , Bashaw ED 
Published: June 2017

AbstractProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have become known for both their therapeutic effect and good safety profile. An application was submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration for approval of a reformulated PPI product that failed bioequivalence testing, but was submitted on the basis of the long history of PPI use as a “surrogate” for equivalence. This review evaluates the safety data for PPIs, discuss variability of pharmacokinetic parameters of PPIs in the reformulation setting, and potential implications of those changes for long‐term safety.
What factors are associated with abstinence amongst socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers? A cross‐sectional survey of use of cessation aids and quitting approach
Authors: Twyman Laura , Bonevski Billie , Paul Christine , Bryant Jamie , West Robert , Siahpush Mohammad , D'este Catherine , Oldmeadow Christopher , Palazzi Kerrin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThis study aimed to compare current and ex‐smokers' sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics, use of cessation aids and abrupt versus gradual quitting approaches.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of financially disadvantaged adults attending a community service organisation was conducted in New South Wales, Australia, between February 2012 and December 2013. Sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, use of cessation aids and gradual versus abrupt quit approach were assessed. χ2tests and logistic regression compared characteristics of current and ex‐smokers.ResultsOf 905 individuals who completed the survey, 639 (71%) were current smokers and 107 (12%) were ex‐smokers. Ex‐smokers were older [odds ratio (OR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01, 1.05], had higher odds of being female (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.06, 2.65), lower odds of being financially stressed (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.76, 0.99), lower odds of anxiety and depression symptoms (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.84, 0.98) and lower odds of having friends and family who were smokers (ORs ranged from 0.30–0.43). Ex‐smokers had lower odds of using cessation aids and higher odds of reporting abrupt quitting during their last quit attempt (OR = 4.48, 95% CI = 2.66, 7.54).ConclusionsLower levels of disadvantage, less smoking in social networks, less use of cessation aids and abrupt (vs. gradual) quitting approaches were associated with being an ex‐smoker. Lower use of evidence based methods to quit by disadvantaged ex‐smokers requires further exploration. [Twyman L, Bonevski B, Paul C, Bryant J, West R, Siahpush M, D'este C, Oldmeadow C, Palazzi K. What factors are associated with abstinence amongst socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers? A cross‐sectional survey of use of cessation aids and quitting approach.Drug Alcohol Rev2017;00:000‐000]
Planning for conservation and restoration under climate and land use change in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Zwiener Victor P. , Padial André A. , Marques Márcia C. M. , Faleiro Frederico V. , Loyola Rafael , Peterson A. Townsend 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTo propose and compare priority sites for conservation and restoration of woody plants under diverse climate and land use scenarios, considering socio‐economic costs, presence of protected areas and distribution of forest remnants.LocationThe Atlantic Forest Biodiversity Hotspot, Brazil.MethodsWe used ecological niche modelling to estimate geographical distributions for 2,255 species under current and future climate scenarios, which we analysed in relation to spatially explicit land use projections, maps of forest remnants derived from remote sensing and socio‐economic variables for each municipality within the Atlantic Forest region. We identified spatial priorities that complement the current network of protected areas under three different prioritization scenarios: (1) conservation of existing forest remnants only; (2) conservation of remnants followed by restoration of degraded habitat; and (3) unconstrained actions, in which management location is not defined a priori. We compared our results under different levels of land protection, with targets of 10%, 17% and 20% of the Atlantic Forest extent.ResultsCurrent forest remnants cover only 12% of the Atlantic Forest, so targets of 17% and 20% were achieved only through active restoration. Targets of 17% and 20% captured most species and represented on average 26%–34% of species’ distributions. The spatial pattern of degraded habitats negatively affected representation of biodiversity and implied higher costs and reduced efficiency of planning. We did not observe major differences between conservation prioritizations based on contrasting climate change scenarios.Main conclusionsProtection of forest remnants alone will not suffice to safeguard woody plant species under climate and land use changes; therefore, restoration actions are urgently needed in the Atlantic Forest. With integrated management actions and multicriterion nationwide planning, reaching the 17% of land protection of Aichi biodiversity targets will constitute an important step towards protecting Atlantic Forest biodiversity.