bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidation-Dependent Effects of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin on Wound Healing and Inflammation: Implications for Tissue Repair
Authors: Farber Idan , Sheffer Lihie , Anav Yuval , Halpern Dor , Pinto Noam , Cohen Samuel , Darawsha Aya , Ogen-Shtern Navit , El-Saied Sabri , Lewis Eli C , Silberstein Eldad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background. Wound healing requires a delicate balance between cellular and molecular factors, all affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS). While ROS decontaminate, they also might lead to impaired wound healing, as evident in radiation-exposed skin and in venous insufficiency. Human alpha-1 antitrypsin (hAAT) is a circulating antiprotease that is anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective. Accordingly, tissue repair is enhanced in hAAT-rich conditions. hAAT is oxidized in oxidative conditions, and its antiprotease function is lost; whether its anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective properties remain unknown.
Methods. Excisional skin wound closure rates were first examined on irradiated skin and then tested using an iron-loading venous insufficiency model. The former was tested on hAAT transgenic mice, the latter on wild-type mice using topical clinical-grade hAAT. In-vitro, hAAT was oxidized using H2O2 (0.5, 5 and 25 mM), then tested for elastase inhibition and added to an in-vitro A549 epithelial cell gap closure assay and a RAW 264.7 macrophage response assay. ROS levels, inflammatory responses and NRF2/ARE activation were determined.
Results. Wound closure was impaired in wild-type mice by both radiation and iron. In contrast, hAAT-transgenic mice exhibited accelerated wound closure in both normal and irradiated skin, and topical hAAT improved wound healing in the venous insufficiency model. hAATOX lacked elastase inhibition across the three oxidation levels, yet highly oxidized hAAT (hAATOX 25mM) impaired epithelial gap closure and weakly oxidized hAAT (hAATOX 0.5mM) enhanced gap closure. All forms of hAATOX elevated ROS in macrophages, as well as the expression of iNOS and catalase, IL-1β, TNFα and CXCL-1. Unexpectedly, the NRF2/ARE pathway was activated by hAATOX 25mM and suppressed by hAATOX 0.5mM, and hAATOX 0.5 mM induced IL-1 receptor antagonist expression.
Conclusions. Oxidation levels of hAAT modify its effects on inflammation and tissue repair. While protease inhibition is lost, anti-inflammatory and repair attributes are maintained under low oxidative conditions, suggesting a molecular profile that is physiologically attuned to local signals. Considering its safety record, the study proposes that hAAT therapy is poised for trials in the context of defective tissue repair under oxidative conditions.
Effects of selenium application on reducing cadmium uptake and ameliorates cadmium stress on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in cadmium-contaminated soil
Authors: He Cixing , Zhao Yuanyuan , Li Tingqiang , Hu Chengxiao , Wang Zhen , Lü Jiliang , Ge Liqiang , Xu Chao , Zhao Xiaohu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Cadmium is considered a highly toxic metallic element that does not have any beneficial biological functions for humans or plants. It has been reported that the antagonism of selenium to heavy metal stress has been observed in a variety of plants, and appropriate selenium could alleviate heavy metal-induced oxidative damage and reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. The changes of physiological characteristics, root tip cells, cadmium concentration and accumulation of rape under cadmium stress were investigated in this study through pot experiment. Results showed that selenium could alleviate the inhibitory effect of cadmium on the growth of rape seedlings. The concentration and accumulation of cadmium were decreased after the selenium application in rape seeds, ranging from 19.93 to 22.97% and 27.96 to 43.88% respectively. And the decrease of photosynthetic pigment content induced by cadmium was significantly improved. The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that exogenous selenium and cadmium had metal complexation reaction and formed black precipitation, which may be related to the detoxification effect of selenium on cadmium. More critically, with the addition of selenium, the plasma membrane damage and free radical accumulation in root tips induced by cadmium stress were gradually alleviated in the histochemical staining experiment of rape root tips. These results may provide evidence for exploring effective measures to reduce cadmium accumulation in rape under cadmium-contaminated areas.
Active Biomonitoring of Stream Ecosystems: Untargeted Metabolomic and Proteomic Responses and Free Radical Scavenging Activities in Mussels
Authors: Rivaldi Muhammad , Frediansyah Andri , Aziz Solihatun Amidan Amatul , Nugroho Andhika Puspito 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Many contaminants from scattered sources constantly endanger streams that flow through heavily inhabited areas, commercial districts, and industrial hubs. The responses of transplanted mussels in streams in active biomonitoring programs will represent the dynamic of environmental stream conditions. This study evaluated the untargeted metabolomic and proteomic responses and free radical scavenging activities of transplanted mussels Sinanodonta woodiana in the Winongo Stream at three stations (S1, S2, S3) representing different pollution levels: low (S1), moderate (S3), and high (S2). The investigation examined untargeted metabolomic and proteomic responses in the gills and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) activities in the gills, mantle, and digestive glands. Metabolomic analysis revealed a clear separation between mussel responses from the three stations after 28 days of exposure, with specific metabolites responding to different pollution levels. Proteomic analysis identified β-Actin protein in all stations. β-Actin protein sequence on unexposed mussels has coverage of 17%, increased to 23% at S1 Day 28 and 34% at S2 and S3 Day 28. All tissues showed increased DPPH and ABTS activities from day 3 to day 28, mainly in stations S2 and S3. These findings underscore the impact of pollution levels on the metabolomic and proteomic responses of S. woodiana and the importance of these discoveries as early indicators of long-term aquatic environmental problems. In the face of current environmental challenges, this research raises concerns about the health of water bodies. It underscores the importance of developing robust, standardized, and dependable analytical techniques for monitoring the health of aquatic environments.
Anaplerotic processes are key contributors to dark carbon fixation in the ocean
Authors: Amano Chie , Willhelm Ulrike , Koch Theres , Reinthaler Thomas , Hansman Roberta , Sintes Eva , Herndl Gerhard , González José , Baltar Federico 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Anaplerotic carbon fixation is ubiquitous in heterotrophic organisms including those inhabiting the ocean1. Despite its prevalence, the drivers of this process and its significance in ocean carbon cycling remain poorly understood2,3. Here we combined global ocean metatranscriptomic analysis, laboratory experiments on a bacterial model strain, and microautoradiography combined with catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (MICRO-CARD-FISH) on marine microbial communities, to uncover the global prevalence of anaplerotic processes in oceanic dark dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fixation. Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed high expression levels of key anaplerotic genes, especially in mesopelagic waters, comparable to those of photo- and chemolithoautotrophic DIC fixation genes. Alteromonas emerged as the main contributor to anaplerotic DIC fixation gene expression, highlighting its role in DIC assimilation in the global ocean. Laboratory incubations with a marine Alteromonas representative confirmed their capability to fix DIC, which varied with organic matter availability and temperature. MICRO-CARD-FISH on oceanic samples revealed that Alteromonas contributed 0–40% (14 ± 16%, mean ± s.d.) to the dark DIC fixation in the pelagic ocean. Considering that Alteromonas is an obligate heterotroph lacking chemoautotrophic DIC fixation genes, its contribution to DIC fixation should be attributed to anaplerotic processes. Based on these results, we estimated a contribution of anaplerotic processes to dark DIC fixation of 0–0.5 C Pg y-1 in the global dark ocean. Yet, since Alteromonas is not the only taxon performing anaplerotic DIC fixation, our results represent a baseline conservative estimate. Collectively, our findings place anaplerotic DIC fixation as a relevant processes in the oceanic carbon cycling.
Widespread and rapid dynamics of subglacial water in the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Zheng Whyjay , Wychen Wesley Van , Li Tian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Active subglacial water influences ice flow dynamics and glacier mass balance, but direct observations are scarce due to the inaccessibility of fieldwork. Here, we stack the ArcticDEM strip elevations and produce the first-ever subglacial water inventory that covers almost the entire Canadian Arctic, a vast region without many existing records of these events. This new inventory identifies 37 active water bodies beneath glacier ice, which consist of three types: classic subglacial lakes, terminus subglacial lakes at the glacier convergence zone, and ice-marginal lakes extending beneath the ice. Over 80% of the lakes had at least one rapid hydrological event between 2011 and 2021, with the most significant one draining over 4 Gt in 2020 and decreasing the ice surface elevation by 148 meters. Our findings suggest subglacial draining needs to be considered while assessing past and future glacier mass balance, and the new inventory will help improve our understanding of subglacial hydrology mechanisms across the Arctic under global warming.
Melt electrowritten Medium Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate Cardiac Patches for Post-MI Cardiac Regeneration
Authors: Majid Qasim A. , Pandey Pragati , Bellahcene Mohamed , Grigsby Christopher L. , Stevens Molly M. , Talman Virpi , Stuckey Daniel J. , Harding Sian E. , Roy Ipsita , Földes Gábor 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) hold promise in averting functional decline towards heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). However, challenges persist in retaining these cells within the myocardium. We developed a novel three-dimensional cardiac patch and evaluated its potential to prevent post-MI functional decline. For the first time, melt electrowritten (MEW), structurally anisotropic scaffolds were derived from high molecular weight, medium chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (MCL-PHAs). These scaffolds supported hPSC-CMs, facilitating their rapid structural and functional maturation in vitro. Different cellular combinations were seeded on the scaffolds and layered to create cardiac patches. These were well-accepted in a murine MI model, without capsule formation. Patches containing hPSC-derived cardiac microvascular-like endothelial cells initiated vascular regeneration; although, this did not prevent post-MI functional decline. This novel advancement enabled the production of MCL-PHA-based MEW-cardiac patches that matured hPSC-CMs and promoted vascular regeneration, offering potential for future improvement in cardiac function through enhanced hPSC-CM retention.
Automated analysis of ultrastructure through large-scale hyperspectral electron microscopy
Authors: Duinkerken B.H. Peter , Alsahaf Ahmad M.J. , Hoogenboom Jacob P. , Giepmans Ben N. G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Microscopy is a key technique to visualize and understand biology. Electron microscopy (EM) facilitates the investigation of cellular ultrastructure at biomolecular resolution. Cellular EM was recently revolutionized by automation and digitalisation allowing routine capture of large areas and volumes at nanoscale resolution. Analysis, however, is hampered by the greyscale nature of electron images and their large data volume, often requiring laborious manual annotation. Here we demonstrate unsupervised and automated extraction of structures and biomolecules in conventionally processed tissues using large-scale hyperspectral energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) imaging. First, we discriminated biological features in the context of tissue based on selected elemental maps. Next, we designed a data-driven workflow based on dimensionality reduction and spectral mixture analysis, allowing the visualization and isolation of subcellular features with minimal manual intervention. Broad implementations of the presented methodology will accelerate the understanding of biological ultrastructure.
Background independent tensor networks
Authors: Akers Chris , Wei Annie Y. 
Published: September 2024

Conventional holographic tensor networks can be described as toy holographic maps constructed from many small linear maps acting in a spatially local way, all connected together with “background entanglement”, i.e. links of a fixed state, often the maximally entangled state. However, these constructions fall short of modeling real holographic maps. One reason is that their “areas” are trivial, taking the same value for all states, unlike in gravity where the geometry is dynamical. Recently, new constructions have ameliorated this issue by adding degrees of freedom that “live on the links”. This makes areas non-trivial, equal to the background entanglement piece plus a new positive piece that depends on the state of the link degrees of freedom. Nevertheless, this still has the downside that there is background entanglement, and hence it only models relatively limited code subspaces in which every area has a definite minimum value. In this note, we simply point out that a version of these constructions goes one step further: they can be background independent, with no background entanglement in the holographic map. This is advantageous because it allows tensor networks to model holographic maps for larger code subspaces. In addition to pointing this out, we address some subtleties involved in making it work.
Optimization analysis of vibration reduction for aeroengine multistage blade-disk system
Authors: You Xiaomei , Feng Haiyu , Zhang Hongyuan , Liu Pengbo 
Published: September 2024

In order to reduce the vibration localization of multistage blade-disk system of aeroengine compressor, the integral model and substructure model of multistage blade-disk system are established by using substructure modal synthesis method, and the dynamic characteristics of two models are analyzed and the accuracy of the substructure model is verified by comparison. Based on the substructure model, two optimization algorithms of the random wear mass and the snake optimization are proposed. The results show that the vibration amplitudes of the two models are in good agreement in the first 200 modes, and the substructure model meets the requirement of analysis accuracy. Both optimization algorithms can effectively reduce the degree of the vibration localization of the mistuned blade-disk system. The random wear mass algorithm can quickly reduce the amplitude of the blade. The snake optimization algorithm can find the global optimal solution with enough iterations. The results show that the maximum vibration amplitude and the vibration localization factor after optimization are reduced by 5.72 % and 12.0 % respectively by using the random wear mass algorithm, and that of 9.13 % and 16.7 % respectively by using the snake optimization algorithm. The analysis method presented in this paper takes into account the analysis efficiency and analysis precision, it can be used for dynamic analysis and vibration reduction optimization of large power machinery such as aeroengine and gas turbine, and provides a basis for further improving the reliability and service life of aircraft.
Enhancing textile wastewater treatment for subsequent biological processes by integrating electrooxidation and electrocoagulation
Authors: Agarwal Palak , Gaur Bhumika , Mathur Sanjay 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The presence of refractory contaminants in textile wastewater is one of the major concerns while handling them with the biological processes at common effluent treatment. Electro-oxidation (EO) as a standalone process is an insufficient treatment method for the abolition of inorganic contaminants (carbon and non-carbon). By incorporating electrocoagulation (EC) as an associated treatment method after EO, removal of such contaminants becomes easy, which not only makes the treated wastewater fit for biological remediation but also reduces load on biological units. The removal of non-carbonic impurities was assessed in terms of improvement in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) post EC. L25 orthogonal array of experiments was obtained using the Taguchi method. From the S/N ratio plot, the optimal process combination was obtained as, EO with current density = 25 mA/cm2, electrolysis time = 50 min followed by EC with current density = 18 mA/cm2, speed of rotation = 50 rpm and electrolysis time = 40 min. The enhancement in COD and total organic carbon removal efficiencies after EC were 65.11 and 63.57%, respectively, over EO. The biodegradability index also improved from an initial value of 0.098–0.737 post-hybrid treatment. Inorganic carbon reduced from a value of 36.37 mg/L after EO to 0.1 mg/L post EC.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Coumarin-thiazolotriazole Pharmacophores for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein through In-vitro and In-silico Evaluation
Authors: Ullah Saeed , Ullah Atta , Waqas Muhammad , Halim Sobia Ahsan , Khan Imtiaz , ur Rehman Sadeeq , Abdellattif Magda H. , Soomro Samreen , Ibrar Aliya , Kashtoh Hamdy , Khan Ajmal , Al-Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 significantly impacted human
life around the globe. Numerous unexpected modifications of the SARS-CoV-2 genome
have resulted in the emergence of new types and have caused great concern globally.

Method:
Inhibitory effects of bioactive phytochemicals derived from natural and synthetic
sources are promising for pathogenic viruses. in vitro and in silico techniques were used in
the current study to identify novel inhibitors of coumarin clubbed thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazoles
against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

Result:
Interestingly, all the tested molecules demonstrated substantial inhibition of spike
protein with 91.81-57.90% inhibition. The spike protein was remarkably inhibited by compounds
6k (91.83%), 6j (89.75%), 6m (87.69%),6i (86.60%), 6l (85.40%), 6h (84.70%), 6l
(84.70%), 6g (83.40%), 6b (82.60%), 6f (81.90%), while compounds 6d 6a, 6c, and 6e exhibited
significant activity against spike protein with 79.60%, 77.10%, 75.30%, and 57.90%
inhibition, respectively. The binding mechanism of these novel inhibitors with spike protein
was deduced in silico, which reflects that the active molecules firmly bind with the receptor
binding domain (RBD) of spike protein, thereby inhibiting its function.

Conclusion:
The combined in vitro and in silico investigations unfold the therapeutic potential
of coumarin-thiazolotriazole scaffolds in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Optimization of Glyburide-loaded Nanosuspensions via Ball Milling and Homogenization Techniques: A Central Composite Design Approach for Enhanced Solubility
Authors: Gungor Damla , Aytekin Eren , Akdag Yagmur , Sahin Selma , Gulsun Tugba 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Glyburide is a drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and has a potential effect
on Alzheimer's disease. It is also a BCS Class II drug with low solubility and low permeability. Developing a
nanosuspension formulation and increasing the solubility and dissolution rate of glyburide is required to overcome
this challenge.

Methods:
Thus, the goal of this work was to create glyburide nanosuspensions by ball milling and homogenizing
glyburide to increase its solubility and rate of dissolution. To achieve this, the nanosuspension formulation
was optimized using a central composite design. Zeta potential, particle size distribution and solubility
were selected by way of dependent variables, and ball milling time, homogenization cycles, and Pluronic
F-127/glyburide ratio were chosen as independent variables. Glyburide nanosuspensions were obtained with a
particle size of 244.6 ± 2.685 nm. In vitro release and solubility studies were conducted following optimization.

Results:
The saturation solubility of glyburide was nearly doubled as a result of the nanocrystal formation.
X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and
fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to assess the nanosuspension. SEM images confirmed
that the nanocrystal formation process was successful. Glyburide and the excipients have no incompatibilities,
their physical states have not changed, and the preparation method has not affected the stability of
glyburide, according to DCS, XRD, and FT-IR analyses.

Conclusion:
These studies indicated that a combination of ball milling and homogenization techniques significantly
enhanced the solubility of glyburide and its release from the formulation. Consequently, this approach
can be applied to formulations characterized by low absorption and limited bioavailability.
Nanoparticles in CNS Therapeutics: Pioneering Drug Delivery Advancements
Authors: Nayak Usha , Halagali Praveen , Panchal Khushi N. , Tippavajhala Vamshi Krishna , Mudgal Jayesh , Radhakrishnan Raghu , Manikkath Jyothsna 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
The incidence of Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders, including Parkinson's disease,
Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and malignancies, has risen significantly in recent decades, contributing to
millions of deaths annually. Efficacious treatment of these disorders requires medicines targeting the brain.
The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) poses a formidable challenge to effective drug delivery to the brain, hindering
progress in CNS therapeutics. This review explores the latest developments in nanoparticulate carriers, highlighting
their potential to overcome BBB limitations.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate and summarise the critical factors and pathways in the nanoparticle-
based CNS targeted drug delivery.

Methods:
An extensive literature search was conducted, comprising the initial development of nanoparticle-
based CNS-targeted drug delivery approaches to the latest advancements using various online search tools.

Results:
The properties of nanoparticles, such as type of nanoparticles, size, shape, surface charge, hydrophobicity,
and surface functionalisation, along with properties of the BBB during normal and pathological conditions
and their impact on the delivery of nanoparticles across the BBB, are identified and discussed here.

Conclusion:
Important properties and pathways that determine the penetration of nanoparticles across the
CNS are reviewed in this article, along with recent advances in the field.