bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Electrospun Polystyrene Membranes as a Preliminary Step for Rapid Diagnosis
Authors: Isık Tuğba , Horzum Nesrin , Yıldız Ü. Hakan , Liedberg Bo , Demir Mustafa M. 
Published: May 2016

Recent advances in clinical practice drive deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as an important class of biomarker. Monitoring the change in their concentration suggests the initiation and/or progression of various disorders. However, low quantity of DNA biomarkers in body fluids requires a delicate isolation methodology that provides efficient separation and easy handling. This study describes a newer‐generation separation technology relying on electrospun fibers of sub‐micrometer diameter of a commodity polymer for DNA biomarkers in simulative serum. Fibrous polystyrene membranes are prepared by electrospinning and they are subjected to post‐modification with Au. The composite membranes may provide a convenient environment for the removal of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from BSA and DNA mixtures. The eluent can be used as an efficient tool for detection of DNA biomarkers associated with diagnosis of numerous life‐threatening diseases.
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One‐Reactant Photografting of ATRP Initiators for Surface‐Initiated Polymerization
Authors: Styan Katie E. , Easton Christopher D. , Weaver Lucy G. , Meagher Laurence 
Published: May 2016

Self‐initiated photografting polymerization is used to couple the polymerizable initiator monomer 2‐(2‐chloropropanoyloxy)ethyl acrylate to a range of polymeric substrates. The technique requires only UV light to couple the initiator to surfaces. The initiator surface density can be varied by inclusion of a diluent monomer or via selection of initiator and irradiation parameters. The functionality of the initiator surface is demonstrated by subsequent surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Surfaces are characterized by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV‐induced changes to the initiator are assessed by 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). This is the first time this one‐reactant one‐step technique has been demonstrated for creating an initiator surface of variable density.
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Self‐Assembly of Polyether Diblock Copolymers in Water and Ionic Liquids
Authors: Kobayashi Yumi , Kitazawa Yuzo , Komori Takahiro , Ueno Kazuhide , Kokubo Hisashi , Watanabe Masayoshi 
Published: May 2016

Here the thermoresponsive self‐assembly of diblock copolymers comprising poly(ethyl glycidyl ether) (PEGE) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in water and ionic liquids (ILs) is investigated. PEGE undergoes lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase separation in both water and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([C2mim][NTf2]), while PEO is a compatible segment for these solvents. The diblock copolymers, PEGE‐b‐PEO, undergo thermosensitive unimer‐micelle transitions at temperatures close to the LCST point (TLCST) of the PEGE homopolymer in water but not in [C2mim][NTf2], even at temperatures much higher than TLCST. The difference in the thermoresponsivity of these solutions is explored using differential scanning calorimetry results from rather small magnitudes of the thermodynamic parameters for the phase transition of the PEGE segment in [C2mim][NTf2], compared with those in water. Due to such small magnitudes, TLCST of the PEGE segment for the block copolymers in the IL is greatly affected by the elongation of soluble PEO segments.
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Functional connectivity underpinnings of fatigue in “Drug‐Naïve” patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tessitore Alessandro , Giordano Alfonso , De Micco Rosa , Caiazzo Giuseppina , Russo Antonio , Cirillo Mario , Esposito Fabrizio , Tedeschi Gioacchino 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionFatigue is a common problem in PD either in the early or later stage of the disease. Using resting‐state functional MRI, we investigated the functional correlates of fatigue in a cohort of “drug‐naïve” patients with PD.MethodsMRI at 3Tesla was collected in 40 patients with PD, 20 with and 20 without fatigue, and 20 matched healthy controls. Presence and the severity of fatigue were defined based on the 16‐item Parkinson fatigue scale. Single‐subject and group‐level independent component analysis was used to investigate functional connectivity differences within the major resting state networks between patients subgroups and healthy controls. In addition, we used voxel‐based morphometry to test whether between‐group functional changes were related to structural differences.ResultsDistressing fatigue was associated with a decreased connectivity in the supplementary motor area within the sensorimotor network and an increased connectivity in the prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices within the default mode network (P < 0.05 corrected). Fatigue severity was correlated with both sensorimotor and default mode networks connectivity changes. Voxel‐based morphometry analysis did not reveal any significant volume differences between all patients with PD and healthy controls and between patients with PD with and without fatigue (P < 0.05; family‐wise error).ConclusionsOur findings revealed that primary PD‐related fatigue is associated with an altered default mode network and sensorimotor network connectivity in drug‐naïve patients. We hypothesize that these divergent motor and cognitive networks connectivity changes and their adaptive or maladaptive functional outcome may play a prominent role in the pathophysiology of fatigue in PD. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Evaluation of the Effect of A Structured Program to Guide Residents’ Experience in Research (ASPIRE) on Pharmacy Residents’ Knowledge, Confidence, and Attitude toward Research
Authors: Billups Sarah J. , Olson Kari L. , Saseen Joseph J. , Irwin Adriane N. , Touchette Daniel R. , Chennault Rachel R. , Kurz Deanna 
Published: May 2016

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of A Structured Program to guide Resident Experience in Research (ASPIRE) on pharmacy residents’ knowledge, confidence, and attitude toward research.DesignNonrandomized controlled study using data from a validated questionnaire administered through an online survey.ParticipantsOf 60 pharmacy residents (residency year 2013–2014) who completed the baseline assessment, the 41 residents who also completed the follow‐up assessment were included in the final analysis; of those, 26 Colorado pharmacy postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) and year 2 (PGY2) residents were enrolled in ASPIRE between July 2013 and June 2014 (intervention group) and 16 PGY1 and PGY2 pharmacy residents outside of Colorado did not participate in ASPIRE (control group).Measurements and Main ResultsBoth the intervention and control groups completed a pre‐ and post‐assessment at the beginning (July 2013 [baseline]) and end (May/June 2014 [follow‐up]), respectively, of their residency year that measured knowledge (with a tool measuring biostatistics and research methodology knowledge), confidence, and attitude toward research. Research knowledge scores improved similarly from baseline to follow‐up in the intervention and control groups: 11.8% and 11.3%, respectively (adjusted p=0.8). Research confidence improved significantly more in the intervention group, with a 48% increase in confidence score from before to after residency completion, compared with a 15% increase in the control group (adjusted p=0.002). Residents in both the intervention and control groups expressed positive attitudes toward pharmacist‐conducted research, with 100% and 87% of intervention and control residents, respectively (adjusted p=0.970), agreeing that pharmacist‐conducted research is essential to driving pharmacy practice and expanding the roles of pharmacists.ConclusionASPIRE was not associated with greater research methodology knowledge but did significantly increase confidence in performing research.
The MTA1 subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex can recruit two copies of RBBP4/7
Authors: Schmidberger Jason W. , Sharifi Tabar Mehdi , Torrado Mario , Silva Ana P. G. , Landsberg Michael J. , Brillault Lou , AlQarni Saad , Zeng Yi Cheng , Parker Benjamin L. , Low Jason K. K. , Mackay Joel P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex remodels the genome in the context of both gene transcription and DNA damage repair. It is essential for normal development and is distributed across multiple tissues in organisms ranging from mammals to nematode worms. In common with other chromatin‐remodeling complexes, however, its molecular mechanism of action is not well understood and only limited structural information is available to show how the complex is assembled. As a step towards understanding the structure of the NuRD complex, we have characterized the interaction between two subunits: the metastasis associated protein MTA1 and the histone‐binding protein RBBP4. We show that MTA1 can bind to two molecules of RBBP4 and present negative stain electron microscopy and chemical crosslinking data that allow us to build a low‐resolution model of an MTA1‐(RBBP4)2 subcomplex. These data build on our understanding of NuRD complex structure and move us closer towards an understanding of the biochemical basis for the activity of this complex.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Passion on Growing Technology Ventures
Authors: Drnovsek Mateja , Cardon Melissa S. , Patel Pankaj C. 
Published: May 2016

Research summaryEntrepreneurial passion has gained credence in recent years in explaining entrepreneurial efforts, yet examination of the dynamics of this emotion and its effects on venture growth is still in its infancy. Building on the literature on entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial passion, we develop and test a model of entrepreneurial passion, goals, and venture growth. We utilize path analysis on a two‐wave sample of founders from 122 high technology firms. We find direct positive effects of passion for developing on venture growth and an indirect positive effect mediated by goal commitment, but not goal challenge. Implications for research and practice are discussed.Managerial summaryIn this study, we show that entrepreneurs' positive feelings of entrepreneurial passion are positively associated with venture growth. We focus on a specific type of entrepreneurial passion—passion for developing a venture. Based on the findings from our study, we suggest that it is important for entrepreneurs to channel their passion for developing toward identifying challenging business goals and increasing commitment to business goals. We show that entrepreneurs who increase commitment toward business goals based on passion for developing realize higher venture growth. However, developing challenging goals based on passion does not lead to higher venture growth. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
Metabolism Regulates Cellular Functions of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells used for Cardiac Therapy
Authors: Derlet Anja , Rasper Tina , Roy Choudhury Aaheli , Bothur Sabrina , Rieger Michael A. , Namgaladze Dmitry , Fischer Ariane , Schürmann Christoph , Brandes Ralf P. , Tschulena Ulrich , Steppan Sonja , Assmus Birgit , Dimmeler Stefanie , Zeiher Andreas M. , Seeger Florian H. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Administration of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMC) may increase cardiac function after myocardial ischemia. However, the functional capacity of BMC derived from chronic heart failure (CHF) patients is significantly impaired. As modulation of the energy metabolism allows cells to match the divergent demands of the environment, we examined the regulation of energy metabolism in BMC from patients and healthy controls (HC). The glycolytic capacity of CHF-derived BMC is reduced compared to HC, whereas BMC of metabolically activated bone marrow after acute myocardial infarction reveal increased metabolism. The correlation of metabolic pathways with the functional activity of cells indicates an influence of metabolism on cell function. Reducing glycolysis without profoundly affecting ATP-production reversibly reduces invasion as well as colony forming capacity and abolishes proliferation of CD34+CD38− lin− hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Ex vivo inhibition of glycolysis further reduced the pro-angiogenic activity of transplanted cells in a hind limb ischemia model in vivo. In contrast, inhibition of respiration, without affecting total ATP production, leads to a compensatory increase in glycolytic capacity correlating with increased colony forming capacity. Isolated CD34+, CXCR4+, and CD14+ cells showed higher glycolytic activity compared to their negative counterparts. Metabolic activity was profoundly modulated by the composition of media used to store or culture BMC. This study provides first evidence that metabolic alterations influence the functional activity of human HSPC and BMC independent of ATP production. Changing the balance between respiration and glycolysis might be useful to improve patient-derived cells for clinical cardiac cell therapy.
Identification of indicators of efficacy of the kampo formulation unkeito for cold syndrome, using a patient‐based questionnaire database
Authors: Kimura Yoko , Tanaka Akira , Kurokawa Takayo , Morioka Yoriko , Kume Yumi , Chikada Naoko , Isomura Tomoko , Yamazaki Mayuko , Kawashima Haruka , Otani Kahori , Jinnai Atsuko , Sato Hiroshi , Ito Takashi 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAimColdness is a common complaint in kampo medicine, and is commonly treated with unkeito, but recommended indications (so‐called
Kuketsu) are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was therefore to identify a set of self‐reported symptoms that would predict a positive outcome of treatment for coldness with unkeito, and that would therefore serve as specific indications for treatment with unkeito.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 70 female patients (median age, 33 years; range, 22–71 years) without organic abnormalities who complained of coldness, and who completed a self‐report questionnaire about their health using the present kampo questionnaire database system on their first visit. Another 26 female patients (median age, 38 years; range, 22–60 years) were assigned to verify the discriminatory predictive ability of the developed logit model. Patients were treated with two or three packages of unkeito per day for 1 month, and the efficacy of treatment was then recorded as a binary response.ResultsUnkeito decreased frequency and severity scales (0–4) of coldness from a median of 3.0 (range, 1–4) to 2.0 (range, 0–4;
P
< 0.001) and from 3.0 (range, 2–4) to 2.0 (range, 0–4;
P
< 0.001), respectively. Both frequency and severity of coldness were improved in 77.1% of patients. The developed model for prediction of treatment effect consisted of dry lips (Akaike information criterion (AIC), −14.10), with coldness in the feet (AIC, −25.01) but not in the whole body (AIC, −25.01). Model validation with 26 new patients gave a predictive accuracy of 77%.ConclusionDry lips, accompanied by coldness in the feet, but not in the whole body, are important indications for treatment with unkeito.
Yeast culture collections in the twenty‐first century: new opportunities and challenges
Authors: Boundy‐Mills Kyria L. , Glantschnig Ewald , Roberts Ian N. , Yurkov Andrey , Casaregola Serge , Daniel Heide‐Marie , Groenewald Marizeth , Turchetti Benedetta 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe twenty‐first century has brought new opportunities and challenges to yeast culture collections, whether they are long‐standing or recently established. Basic functions such as archiving, characterizing and distributing yeasts continue, but with expanded responsibilities and emerging opportunities. In addition to a number of well‐known, large public repositories, there are dozens of smaller public collections that differ in the range of species and strains preserved, field of emphasis and services offered. Several collections have converted their catalogues to comprehensive databases and synchronize them continuously through public services, making it easier for users worldwide to locate a suitable source for specific yeast strains and the data associated with these yeasts. In‐house research such as yeast taxonomy continues to be important at culture collections. Because yeast culture collections preserve a broad diversity of species and strains within a species, they are able to make discoveries in many other areas as well, such as biotechnology, functional, comparative and evolution genomics, bioprocesses and novel products. Due to the implementation of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya Protocol (NP), there are new requirements for both depositors and users to ensure that yeasts were collected following proper procedures and to guarantee that the country of origin will be considered if benefits arise from a yeast's utilization. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are extremely relevant to the current access and benefit‐sharing (ABS) mechanisms; most research and development involving genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge will be subject to this topic. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do weaponless males of the hermit crab Pagurus minutus give up contests without escalation? Behavior of intruders that lack their major cheliped in male–male contests
Authors: Yasuda Chiaki I. , Koga Tsunenori 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In dyadic contests, theoretical studies have predicted that weaker contestants are less likely to engage in fights to minimize the cost of aggression. Since the major cheliped of decapod crustaceans is critically important as a weapon, contestants without a major cheliped should be more likely to give up the contests. We therefore examined whether loss of the major cheliped by the hermit crab Pagurus minutus would affect their decision to escalate male–male contests over guarded females. Intruders without a major cheliped showed no difference in the frequency of escalation compared with intact intruders, and the decision to give up was affected by the body size difference between the contestants. After escalation, compared with intact intruders, intruders without a major cheliped had significantly decreased success of takeover of a female from opponents, suggesting a strong disadvantage of losing their major cheliped. Although the decision of weaponless intruders to escalate seems irrational, several factors, such as poor accuracy of resource holding potential assessment, the influence of body size, and a high benefit to cost ratio of male–male contests, may have affected their behavior.
Sirtuin activation as a therapeutic approach against inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: Bleeker Jeannette C. , Houtkooper Riekelt H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractProtein acylation has emerged as a large family of post translational modifications in which an acyl group can alter the function of a wide variety of proteins, especially in response to metabolic stress. The acylation state is regulated through reversible acylation/deacylation. Acylation occurs enzymatically or non‐enzymatically, and responds to acyl‐CoA levels. Deacylation on the other hand is controlled through the NAD+‐dependent sirtuin proteins. In several inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), accumulation of acyl‐CoAs, due to defects in amino acid and fatty acid metabolic pathways, can lead to hyperacylation of proteins. This can have a direct effect on protein function and might play a role in pathophysiology. In this review we describe several mouse and cell models for IEM that display high levels of lysine acylation. Furthermore, we discuss how sirtuins serve as a promising therapeutic target to restore acylation state and could treat IEMs. In this context we examine several pharmacological sirtuin activators, such as resveratrol, NAD+ precursors and PARP and CD38 inhibitors.
Improving the quality of orthopaedic elective and trauma operative notes: A completed audit loop study
Authors: Shah Parth Arvind , Badiani Raj , Davis Benjamin M. , Kalairajah Yegappan 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Good medical practice dictates that comprehensive documentation of all surgical procedures is paramount in maintaining a high standard of patient care. This study audited the quality of operative note keeping for elective and trauma procedures against the standards set by the British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) and The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSE) guidelines.

Patients and methods:
A retrospective assessment of the operative notes of every patient undergoing a total knee and hip replacement (elective cases) was carried out over a period of 2 months. Data recorded were compared against BOA guidelines. Within this time a randomised selection of trauma operative notes were also assessed, and the recorded data were compared against RCSE guidelines. Change in practice was implemented and the audit cycle completed. A total of 173 operative notes were evaluated.

Results:
There was a significant improvement (p-value < 0.05) in the quality of total knee replacement notes, with an increase in the percentage of data points from 68.6% to 93%. Similarly the quality of total hip replacement notes showed significant improvement (p-value < 0.01) with an increase in the percentage of data points from 67.5% to 86%. However trauma operative notes showed minimal improvement.

Discussion:
This study showed that the quality of elective operative notes was improved through surgeon education and the circulation of a guideline based electronic operative note. We have further plans to implement procedure specific notes for the most common types of trauma cases to help improve the quality of trauma operative notes.

Highlights
Understanding the genetics of APOE and TOMM40 and role of mitochondrial structure and function in clinical pharmacology of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Roses Allen , Sundseth Scott , Saunders Ann , Gottschalk William , Burns Dan , Lutz Michael 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe methodology of Genome‐Wide Association Screening (GWAS) has been applied for more than a decade. Translation to clinical utility has been limited, especially in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). It has become standard practice in the analyses of more than two dozen AD GWAS studies to exclude the apolipoprotein E (APOE) region because of its extraordinary statistical support, unique thus far in complex human diseases. New genes associated with AD are proposed frequently based on SNPs associated with odds ratio (OR) < 1.2. Most of these SNPs are not located within the associated gene exons or introns but are located variable distances away. Often pathologic hypotheses for these genes are presented, with little or no experimental support. By eliminating the analyses of the APOE‐TOMM40 linkage disequilibrium region, the relationship and data of several genes that are co‐located in that LD region have been largely ignored. Early negative interpretations limited the interest of understanding the genetic data derived from GWAS, particularly regarding the TOMM40 gene. This commentary describes the history and problem(s) in interpretation of the genetic interrogation of the “APOE” region and provides insight into a metabolic mitochondrial basis for the etiology of AD using both APOE and TOMM40 genetics.