bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brown-like adipose progenitors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells: Identification of critical pathways governing their adipogenic capacity
Authors: Hafner Anne-Laure , Contet Julian , Ravaud Christophe , Yao Xi , Villageois Phi , Suknuntha Kran , Annab Karima , Peraldi Pascal , Binetruy Bernard , Slukvin Igor I. , Ladoux Annie , Dani Christian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) show great promise for obesity treatment as they represent an unlimited source of brown/brite adipose progenitors (BAPs). However, hiPSC-BAPs display a low adipogenic capacity compared to adult-BAPs when maintained in a traditional adipogenic cocktail. The reasons of this feature are unknown and hamper their use both in cell-based therapy and basic research. Here we show that treatment with TGFβ pathway inhibitor SB431542 together with ascorbic acid and EGF were required to promote hiPSCs-BAP differentiation at a level similar to adult-BAP differentiation. hiPSC-BAPs expressed the molecular identity of adult-UCP1 expressing cells (PAX3, CIDEA, DIO2) with both brown (ZIC1) and brite (CD137) adipocyte markers. Altogether, these data highlighted the critical role of TGFβ pathway in switching off hiPSC-brown adipogenesis and revealed novel factors to unlock their differentiation. As hiPSC-BAPs display similarities with adult-BAPs, it opens new opportunities to develop alternative strategies to counteract obesity.
Bacillus as a potential diagnostic marker for yellow tongue coating
Authors: Ye Juan , Cai Xueting , Yang Jie , Sun Xiaoyan , Hu Chunping , Xia Junquan , Shen Jianping , Su Kelei , Yan Huaijiang , Xu Yuehua , Zhang Yiyan , Zhang Sujie , Yang Lijun , Zhi Hao , Gao Sizhi Paul , Yu Qiang , Hu Jingqing , Cao Peng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObservation of tongue coating, a foundation for clinical diagnosis and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is a major indicator of the occurrence, development and prognosis of disease. The biological basis of tongue diagnosis and relationship between the types and microorganisms of tongue coating remain elusive. Thirteen chronic erosive gastritis (CEG) patients with typical yellow tongue coating (YTC) and ten healthy volunteers with thin white tongue coating (WTC) were included in this study. Patients were provided a 2-course targeted treatment of a herbal medicine Ban Xia Xie Xin decoction, traditionally prescribed for CEG patients with YTC, to evaluate the relationship between tongue coating microbiota and diagnosis of CEG with typical YTC. The tongue coating segregation structure was determined using Illumina Miseq sequencing of the V4–V5 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Bacillus was significantly observed only in CEG patients with YTC, but not in patients who received the decoction. YTC (n = 22) and WTC (n = 29) samples were collected for bacterial culturing to illustrate the relationship between Bacillus and YTC. The Bacillus positivity rate of YTC samples was 72.7%; Bacillus was not observed in WTC samples. In conclusion, Bacillus was strongly associated with YTC.
Cadmium and lithium doping in silver orthophosphate: An ab initio study
Authors: Huang Yang , Liu Ming-Yang , Ma Tai , Lou Zhong-Ping , Cao Chao , He Yao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUsing hybrid functional calculations, we investigate the effects of defects and defect complexes related with Cd, Li, and N impurities on the atomic and electronic properties of Ag3PO4. It was found that substitutional Cd on Ag lattice site (CdAg) contributes to the n-type conductivity of Ag3PO4. For substitutional Cd on P (or O) lattice site (CdP) (or CdO), it is not expected that Cd will incorporate into the P (or O) site due to the strong covalent interactions in the PO4 structural units. The interstitial Cd (Cdi) acts as a shallow donor, but its formation energy is relatively high compared with that of CdAg. For the (CdAg-2NO) complex, the formation of this inactive complex generates a fully occupied impurity band just above the valence band maximum of Ag3PO4, which significantly reduces the acceptor transition energy level. But the formation energy of the (CdAg-2NO) complex is even higher than that of the corresponding single point defect NO. Unlike LiP and LiO which has relatively high formation energy, interstitial Li (Lii or Lii(s)) with an appreciable solubility is likely to be the n-type dopant under O-poor condition.
Transmission lines differential protection based on an alternative incremental complex power alpha plane
Authors: Almeida Maria Leonor S. , Silva Kleber M. 
Published: August 2016

This study proposes a new concept of transmission line differential protection based on an alternative alpha plane of incremental complex power, where the restraint characteristic is simply defined as its left‐half‐plane, so that no settings are required to define it. As the incremental complex power is evaluated per phase, the proposed algorithm is inherently phase segregated, not requiring additional faulted phase selection logics. A simple harmonic restraint strategy along with an external fault detection logic provides security for external faults with current transformer saturation. Aiming to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, a wide variety of fault scenarios are simulated for a 500 kV transmission line 200 km long using the Alternative Transients Program. The obtained results reveal the proposed algorithm provides a fast and reliable line protection, being robust against variations in fault parameters, sources strength and loading conditions, as well as power swing situations and line energisation manoeuvres. Accordingly, one can suppose the proposed algorithm might be successfully used in numerical transmission line relaying.
Bridgeless single‐phase step‐down PFC converter
Authors: Malekanehrad Mahdi , Adib Ehsan 
Published: August 2016

This study presents a bridgeless single‐phase step‐down power factor correction (PFC) converter. The proposed converter consists of a buck converter in positive half‐line cycle and a flyback converter in the negative one. The dead angle of input line current is omitted so high power factor (PF) and low total harmonic distortion (THD) are obtained. There are just two simultaneously conducting semiconductor devices in the charging path of buck and flyback inductors that reduce the conduction losses. A 80 W, 24 V experimental prototype verifies the operation of the proposed rectifier and a PF of 0.995 and THD <10% can be achieved.
Extracting multistage screening rules from online dating activity data
Authors: Bruch Elizabeth , Feinberg Fred , Lee Kee Yeun 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Online activity data—for example, from dating, housing search, or social networking websites—make it possible to study human behavior with unparalleled richness and granularity. However, researchers typically rely on statistical models that emphasize associations among variables rather than behavior of human actors. Harnessing the full informatory power of activity data requires models that capture decision-making processes and other features of human behavior. Our model aims to describe mate choice as it unfolds online. It allows for exploratory behavior and multiple decision stages, with the possibility of distinct evaluation rules at each stage. This framework is flexible and extendable, and it can be applied in other substantive domains where decision makers identify viable options from a larger set of possibilities.
RPT2/NCH1 subfamily of NPH3-like proteins is essential for the chloroplast accumulation response in land plants
Authors: Suetsugu Noriyuki , Takemiya Atsushi , Kong Sam-Geun , Higa Takeshi , Komatsu Aino , Shimazaki Ken-ichiro , Kohchi Takayuki , Wada Masamitsu 
Published: August 2016

Significance
The photoreceptor phototropin mediates various blue light-induced responses, including phototropism, chloroplast movement, stomatal opening, and leaf flattening. Two BTB/POZ proteins, NONPHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 (NPH3) and ROOT PHOTOTROPISM 2 (RPT2), were identified as early signaling components in phototropin-mediated phototropism and leaf flattening, and a phototropin substrate, BLUE LIGHT SIGNALING1 kinase, specifically mediates the phototropin-mediated stomatal opening. However, early signaling components in the chloroplast movement remain to be determined. We found that RPT2 and the NPH3/RPT2-like (NRL) protein NRL PROTEIN FOR CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENT 1 (NCH1) redundantly mediate the chloroplast accumulation response but not the avoidance response. Our findings indicate that phototropin-mediated phototropism, leaf flattening, and the chloroplast accumulation response, but not the chloroplast avoidance response and stomatal opening, are mediated by NRL proteins.
Retention Rates of Passive Integrated Transponder Tags, Visible Implant Elastomer Tags, and Maxillary Marks in Wild Trout
Authors: Mamer Elizabeth R. J. M. , Meyer Kevin A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Tagging or marking is a common method to identify individuals or groups of fish, but these tools are compromised if tags or marks are shed or deteriorate over time. We evaluated retention rates of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, visible implant elastomer (VIE) tags, and maxillary clips in stream-dwelling Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri and Rainbow Trout O. mykiss of spawning size. We tagged 2,891 fish ≥150 mm TL with PIT tags in the body cavity, muscle tissue posterior to the cleithrum, or muscle tissue ventral to the dorsal fin. Retention of PIT tags in the body cavity of fish at large for 1 year (72.1%) was lower than those implanted in the dorsal musculature (94.1%) or cleithrum (83.5%) locations. For PIT tags implanted in the body cavity, retention was lower for females (59.4%) than males (89.7%), suggesting that PIT tags implanted in the body cavity were expelled with eggs during spawning events. Retention of PIT tags implanted in the cleithrum and dorsal musculature were unaffected by sex, but retention rates decreased as body size increased for the body cavity tagging location. Annual growth rates were not affected by any PIT tag location. We observed a PIT tag failure rate of 1.7%. The likelihood of a PIT tag being retained in muscle tissue after filleting the fish was highest for the dorsal musculature location (65.1%), followed by the cleithrum (64.9%) and body cavity (4.0%) locations. One-year retention rates were 95.4% for VIE tags and 93.0% for maxillary clips. While our results demonstrate higher PIT tag retention in the musculature than the body cavity, human consumption concerns may prohibit the use of musculature implantation where angler harvest is possible.
Received January 28, 2016; accepted May 11, 2016 Published online August 31, 2016
Comparing Life History Characteristics of Lake Michigan's Naturalized and Stocked Chinook Salmon
Authors: Kerns Janice A. , Rogers Mark W. , Bunnell David B. , Claramunt Randall M. , Collingsworth Paris D. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Lake Michigan supports popular fisheries for Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that have been sustained by stocking since the late 1960s. Natural recruitment of Chinook Salmon in Lake Michigan has increased in the past few decades and currently contributes more than 50% of Chinook Salmon recruits. We hypothesized that selective forces differ for naturalized populations born in the wild and hatchery populations, resulting in divergent life history characteristics with implications for Chinook Salmon population production and the Lake Michigan fishery. First, we conducted a historical analysis to determine if life history characteristics changed through time as the Chinook Salmon population became increasingly naturalized. Next, we conducted a 2-year field study of naturalized and hatchery stocked Chinook Salmon spawning populations to quantify differences in fecundity, egg size, timing of spawning, and size at maturity. In general, our results did not indicate significant life history divergence between naturalized and hatchery-stocked Chinook Salmon populations in Lake Michigan. Although historical changes in adult sex ratio were correlated with the proportion of naturalized individuals, changes in weight at maturity were better explained by density-dependent factors. The field study revealed no divergence in fecundity, timing of spawning, or size at maturity, and only small differences in egg size (hatchery &gt; naturalized). For the near future, our results suggest that the limited life history differences observed between Chinook Salmon of naturalized and hatchery origin will not lead to large differences in characteristics important to the dynamics of the population or fishery.
Received February 15, 2016; accepted June 6, 2016 Published online August 31, 2016
Virtual exploration of early stage atherosclerosis
Authors: Olivares Andy L. , González Ballester Miguel A. , Noailly Jérôme 
Published: August 2016

Motivation: Biological mechanisms contributing to atherogenesis are multiple and complex. The early stage of atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) droplets, leading to the creation of foam cells (FC). To address the difficulty to explore the dynamics of interactions that controls this process, this study aimed to develop a model of agents and infer on the most influential cell- and molecule-related parameters.
Results: FC started to accumulate after six to eight months of simulated hypercholesterolemia. A sensitivity analysis revealed the strong influence of LDL oxidation rate on the risk of FC creation, which was exploited to model the antioxidant effect of statins. Combined with an empirical simulation of the drug ability to decrease the level of LDL, the virtual statins treatment led to reductions of oxidized LDL levels similar to reductions measured in vivo.
Availability and Implementation: An Open source software was used to develop the agent-based model of early AS. Two different concentrations of LDL agents were imposed in the intima layer to simulate healthy and hypercholesterolemia groups of ‘virtual patients’. The interactions programmed between molecules and cells were based on experiments and models reported in the literature. A factorial sensitivity analysis explored the respective effects of the less documented model parameters as (i) agent migration speed, (ii) LDL oxidation rate and (iii) concentration of autoantibody agents. Finally, the response of the model to known perturbations was assessed by introducing statins agents, able to reduce the oxidation rate of LDL agents and the LDL boundary concentrations.
Contact: jerome.noailly@upf.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
STAT4 is required for the generation of Th1 and Th2, but not Th17 immune responses during monophosphoryl lipid A adjuvant activity
Authors: Varikuti Sanjay , Oghumu Steve , Natarajan Gayathri , Kimble Jennifer , Sperling Rachel H , Moretti Ellen , Kaplan Mark H , Satoskar Abhay R 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSTAT4 is critical for the production of IFN-γ during the generation of Th1 immune responses. We investigated the role of STAT4 in mediating Th1-inducing activity of a vaccine adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL-A) using the standard antigen ovalbumin (OVA) in STAT4KO mice. Our results show that splenocytes from STAT4KO mice displayed lower OVA-specific T-cell proliferation and IL-2 production compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Further, IFN-γ production was diminished in STAT4KO-derived splenocytes but the levels of IL-12 and TNF-α were similar compared with WT mice. Interestingly, STAT4 deficiency also led to a decrease in IL-10 and Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 upon MPL-A immunization, although IL-17 production was similar between WT- and STAT4KO-derived splenocytes. Our observations for defective Th1 and Th2 responses in STAT4KO mice were further supported by the low levels of Th1-associated IgG2a and Th2-associated IgG1 in the sera of these mice. Taken together, our results show that STAT4 plays a critical role in mediating both Th1 and Th2 responses upon immunization with MPL-A. Our study provides a better understanding of how MPL-A mediates T-cell activation which will be critical for future vaccine development.
Navigating a ship with a broken compass: evaluating standard algorithms to measure patient safety
Authors: Hefner Jennifer L , Huerta Timothy R , McAlearney Ann Scheck , Barash Barbara , Latimer Tina , Moffatt-Bruce Susan D 
Published: August 2016

Objective: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) software applies standardized algorithms to hospital administrative data to identify patient safety indicators (PSIs). The objective of this study was to assess the validity of PSI flags and report reasons for invalid flagging.Material and Methods: At a 6-hospital academic medical center, a retrospective analysis was conducted of all PSIs flagged in fiscal year 2014. A multidisciplinary PSI Quality Team reviewed each flagged PSI based on quarterly reports. The positive predictive value (PPV, the percent of clinically validated cases) was calculated for 12 PSI categories. The documentation for each reversed case was reviewed to determine the reasons for PSI reversal.Results: Of 657 PSI flags, 185 were reversed. Seven PSI categories had a PPV below 75%. Four broad categories of reasons for reversal were AHRQ algorithm limitations (38%), coding misinterpretations (45%), present upon admission (10%), and documentation insufficiency (7%). AHRQ algorithm limitations included 2 subcategories: an “incident” was inherent to the procedure, or highly likely (eg, vascular tumor bleed), or an “incident” was nonsignificant, easily controlled, and/or no intervention was needed.Discussion: These findings support previous research highlighting administrative data problems. Additionally, AHRQ algorithm limitations was an emergent category not considered in previous research. Herein we present potential solutions to address these issues.Conclusions: If, despite poor validity, US policy continues to rely on PSIs for incentive and penalty programs, improvements are needed in the quality of administrative data and the standardized PSI algorithms. These solutions require national motivation, research attention, and dissemination support.
Role of Suppressive Oral Antibiotics in Orthopedic Hardware Infections for Those Not Undergoing Two-Stage Replacement Surgery
Authors: Keller Sara C. , Cosgrove Sara E. , Higgins Yvonne , Piggott Damani A. , Osgood Greg , Auwaerter Paul G. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background.  The use of suppressive antibiotics in treatment of orthopedic hardware infections (OHIs), including spinal hardware infections, prosthetic joint infections, and infections of internal fixation devices, is controversial.
Methods.  Over a 4-year period at 2 academic medical centers, patients with OHI who were treated with debridement and retention of hardware components, with single-stage exchange, or without surgery were studied to determine whether use of oral antibiotics for at least 6 months after diagnosis impacts successful treatment of the infection at 1 year after diagnosis.
Results.  Of 89 patients in the study, 42 (47.2%) were free of clinical infection 1 year after initial diagnosis. Suppressive antibiotics used for at least 6 months after diagnosis was not associated with being free of clinical infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], .74–37.80), but being on suppressive antibiotics at least 3 months after diagnosis was associated with being free of clinical infection (OR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.30–9.43). Causative organisms impacted the likelihood of success; patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as well as with Gram-negative rods were both less likely to have achieved clinical success at 1 year after surgery (aOR = 0.018, 95% CI = .0017–.19 and aOR = 0.20, 95% CI = .039–.99, respectively).
Conclusions.  Oral suppressive antibiotic therapy in treatment of OHI with retention of hardware for 3 months, but not 6 months, postdiagnosis increases the likelihood of treatment success. The organisms implicated in the infection directly impact the likelihood of treatment success.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes Among Individuals With Spinal Implant Infections: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Baxi Sanjiv M. , Robinson Makeda L. , Grill Marie F. , Schwartz Brian S. , Doernberg Sarah B. , Liu Catherine 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Little is known about the clinical presentation and outcomes associated with spinal implant infections. Here, we describe a single center's experience in a retrospective cohort of 109 individuals with spinal implant infections, including clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and outcome data.
Decreasing Incidence of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections With a Seasonal Pattern at an Academic Medical Center, 2006–2014
Authors: Morgan Ethan , Daum Robert S. , David Michael Z. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background.  The incidence of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in the United States increased sharply after 2000 with the emergence of USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We examined trends in SSTI incidence in 2006–2014 at the University of Chicago Medicine (UCM).
Methods.  Data were obtained for patient encounters at UCM with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision-coded SSTI diagnosis between January 1, 2006 and March 31, 2014. Incidence density was calculated per 1000 encounters by quarter and year. Encounters were stratified by inpatient, outpatient clinic and emergency department (ED) encounters and by age group, gender, and race. Poisson regression was used to assess change over time.
Results.  In 2006–2014, data were collected for 38 201 SSTI-associated encounters among 31 869 subjects. Among all patients treated at UCM, there was a decrease of 1% per year in the incidence of SSTIs during 2006–2013, with an overall decrease of 16%. There was a significant decrease in SSTI-related encounters among inpatients (rate ratio [RR] = 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], .96–.98), ED patients (RR = 0.98; 95% CI, .97–.98), adults (RR = 0.98; 95% CI, .97–.98), children (RR = 0.96; 95% CI, .95–.97), and African Americans (RR = 0.99; 95% CI, .98–.99). There was an annual seasonal trend, with the peak incidence occurring during the late summer.
Conclusions.  The incidence of SSTIs at UCM decreased in children and adults with seasonal variation, peaking during the summer months. This suggests a reversal of the massive increase in SSTI incidence in the United States after 2000.
An unusual cause of pericardial effusion
Authors: Lamkin Christina , Hamner Lawrence R. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
A patient who presented with chest pain, shortness of breath, and a purulent pericardial effusion became hemodynamically unstable after recurrent accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac despite treatment. Surgical exploration revealed an aortic ulcer created by an ingested porcupine quill that perforated the esophagus. Sharp foreign body ingestion is extremely rare but poses devastating complications, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with otherwise unexplained chest pain.
Can the anticoagulant effects of dabigatran be reversed?
Authors: Bickley Aida Rebecca , Wallace Caleb 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Idarucizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody fragment for reversal of the anticoagulant effects of dabigatran. This drug can be used for patients who need emergency surgery or invasive procedures, as well as those with life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding.