bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Field and Early Evolution of Circumstellar Disks
Authors: Tsukamoto Yusuke 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe magnetic field plays a central role in the formation and evolution of circumstellar disks. The magnetic field connects the rapidly rotating central region with the outer envelope and extracts angular momentum from the central region during gravitational collapse of the cloud core. This process is known as magnetic braking. Both analytical and multidimensional simulations have shown that disk formation is strongly suppressed by magnetic braking in moderately magnetised cloud cores in the ideal magnetohydrodynamic limit. On the other hand, recent observations have provided growing evidence of a relatively large disk several tens of astronomical units in size existing in some Class 0 young stellar objects. This introduces a serious discrepancy between the theoretical study and observations. Various physical mechanisms have been proposed to solve the problem of catastrophic magnetic braking, such as misalignment between the magnetic field and the rotation axis, turbulence, and non-ideal effect. In this paper, we review the mechanism of magnetic braking, its effect on disk formation and early evolution, and the mechanisms that resolve the magnetic braking problem. In particular, we emphasise the importance of non-ideal effects. The combination of magnetic diffusion and thermal evolution during gravitational collapse provides a robust formation process for the circumstellar disk at the very early phase of protostar formation. The rotation induced by the Hall effect can supply a sufficient amount of angular momentum for typical circumstellar disks around T Tauri stars. By examining the combination of the suggested mechanisms, we conclude that the circumstellar disks commonly form in the very early phase of protostar formation.
Suppression of Quadrupole and Octupole Modes in Red Giants Observed by Kepler
Authors: Stello Dennis , Cantiello Matteo , Fuller Jim , Garcia Rafael A. , Huber Daniel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn exciting new theoretical result shows that observing suppression of dipole oscillation modes in red giant stars can be used to detect strong magnetic fields in the stellar cores. A fundamental facet of the theory is that nearly all the mode energy leaking into the core is trapped by the magnetic greenhouse effect. This results in clear predictions for how the mode visibility changes as a star evolves up the red giant branch, and how that depends on stellar mass, spherical degree, and mode lifetime. Here, we investigate the validity of these predictions with a focus on the visibility of different spherical degrees. We find that mode suppression weakens for higher degree modes with a reduction in the quadrupole mode visibility of up to 49%, and no detectable suppression of octupole modes, in agreement with theory. We find evidence for the influence of increasing mode lifetimes on the visibilities along the red giant branch, in agreement with previous independent observations. These results support the theory that strong internal magnetic fields cause suppression of non-radial modes in red giants. We also find preliminary evidence that stars with suppressed dipole modes on average have slightly lower metallicity than normal stars.
Neurobiological correlates of distinct post-traumatic stress disorder symptom profiles during threat anticipation in combat veterans
Authors: Grupe D. W. , Wielgosz J. , Davidson R. J. , Nitschke J. B. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundPrevious research in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has identified disrupted ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) function in those with v. without PTSD. It is unclear whether this brain region is uniformly affected in all individuals with PTSD, or whether vmPFC dysfunction is related to individual differences in discrete features of this heterogeneous disorder.MethodIn a sample of 51 male veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom, we collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data during a novel threat anticipation task with crossed factors of threat condition and temporal unpredictability. Voxelwise regression analyses related anticipatory brain activation to individual differences in overall PTSD symptom severity, as well as individual differences in discrete symptom subscales (re-experiencing, emotional numbing/avoidance, and hyperarousal).ResultsThe vmPFC showed greater anticipatory responses for safety relative to threat, driven primarily by deactivation during threat anticipation. During unpredictable threat anticipation, increased PTSD symptoms were associated with relatively greater activation for threat v. safety. However, simultaneous regression on individual symptom subscales demonstrated that this effect was driven specifically by individual differences in hyperarousal symptoms. Furthermore, this analysis revealed an additional, anatomically distinct region of the vmPFC in which re-experiencing symptoms were associated with greater activation during threat anticipation.ConclusionsIncreased anticipatory responses to unpredictable threat in distinct vmPFC subregions were uniquely associated with elevated hyperarousal and re-experiencing symptoms in combat veterans. These results underscore the disruptive impact of uncertainty for veterans, and suggest that investigating individual differences in discrete aspects of PTSD may advance our understanding of underlying neurobiological mechanisms.
Aortic coarctation, aneurysm, and ventricular dysfunction in an asymptomatic infant
Authors: García Ana I. , Aguilar Juan M. , García Enrique 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAortic arch coarctation with post-coarctation aneurysm is rare in infants. We present the case of an asymptomatic 3-month-old infant with severe left ventricular dysfunction in this setting. The patient underwent surgical repair, and the left ventricular ejection fraction improved to recovery the 4th post-operative month.
Role of anxiety and depression in adolescents with chest pain referred to a cardiology clinic
Authors: Khairandish Zahra , Jamali Leila , Haghbin Saeedeh 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe carried out this study in order to evaluate the causes of chest pain in teenagers and the role of anxiety and depression in this age group compared with the normal population.MethodsIn this prospective case–control study, all patients aged 11–18 years with chest pain and no history of trauma and referred to a paediatric cardiology clinic from March, 2009–April, 2010 were selected. A chest pain protocol including a detailed history, full physical examination, required blood tests, electrocardiography, and echocardiography was performed for all. The presence of depression and anxiety and their severity were assessed by Beck questionnaires. The patients were compared with age- and sex-matched, randomly selected healthy controls.ResultsIn total, 194 patients with a mean age of 14±2 years were selected. The most frequent presentation was idiopathic chest pain (43.3%), followed by the psychological group (29.9%). These groups had no abnormal points in history, physical, and para-clinical tests. Moderate-to-severe depression was found in 45.9% in the patients group, compared with 17.6% of controls, which was statistically significant (p=0.016). Moreover, anxiety was detected in 67.5% of patients versus 15.4% in controls, which is a statistically significant difference (p=0.009). Cardiac chest pain with 9.27% was the most common type of organic causes.ConclusionChest pain during teenage is more prevalent, but not risky. Undergoing a detailed history and full physical examination can help diagnose the causes in the majority of cases. Given the prevalence of a psychological group as well as role of anxiety and depression in most patients, referring to a psychiatrist is suggested.
Effects of milk flow on the physiological and behavioural responses to feeding in an infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Pados Britt F. , Thoyre Suzanne M. , Estrem Hayley H. , Park Jinhee , Knafl George J. , Nix Brant 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInfants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome often experience difficulty with oral feeding, which contributes to growth failure, morbidity, and mortality. In response to feeding difficulty, clinicians often change the bottle nipple, and thus milk flow rate. Slow-flow nipples have been found to reduce the stress of feeding in other fragile infants, but no research has evaluated the responses of infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome to alterations in milk flow. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological and behavioural responses of an infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome to bottle feeding with either a slow-flow (Dr. Brown’s Preemie) or a standard-flow (Dr. Brown’s Level 2) nipple. A single infant was studied for three feedings: two slow-flow and one standard-flow. Oral feeding, whether with a slow-flow or a standard-flow nipple, was distressing for this infant. During slow-flow feeding, she experienced more coughing events, whereas during standard-flow she experienced more gagging. Disengagement and compelling disorganisation were most common during feeding 3, that is slow-flow, which occurred 2 days after surgical placement of a gastrostomy tube. Clinically significant changes in heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate were seen during all feedings. Heart rate was higher during standard-flow and respiratory rate was higher during slow-flow. Further research is needed to examine the responses of infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome to oral feeding and to identify strategies that will support these fragile infants as they learn to feed. Future research should evaluate an even slower-flow nipple along with additional supportive feeding strategies.
Colour correct: the interactive effects of food label nutrition colouring schemes and food category healthiness on health perceptions
Authors: Nyilasy Gergely , Lei Jing , Nagpal Anish , Tan Joseph 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of food label nutrition colouring schemes in interaction with food category healthiness on consumers’ perceptions of food healthiness. Three streams of colour theory (colour attention, colour association and colour approach-avoidance) in interaction with heuristic processing theory provide consonant predictions and explanations for the underlying psychological processes.DesignA 2 (food category healthiness: healthyv.unhealthy)×3 (food label nutrient colouring schemes: healthy=green, unhealthy=red (HGUR)v.healthy=red, unhealthy=green (HRUG)v.no colour (control)) between-subjects design was used.SettingThe research setting was a randomised-controlled experiment using varying formats of food packages and nutritional information colouring.SubjectsRespondents (n196) sourced from a national consumer panel, USA.ResultsThe findings suggest that, for healthy foods, the nutritional colouring schemes reduced perceived healthiness, irrespective of which nutrients were coloured red or green (healthinesscontrol=4·86; healthinessHGUR=4·10; healthinessHRUG=3·70). In contrast, for unhealthy foods, there was no significant difference in perceptions of food healthiness when comparing different colouring schemes against the control.ConclusionsThe results make an important qualification to the common belief that colour coding can enhance the correct interpretation of nutrition information and suggest that this incentive may not necessarily support healthier food choices in all situations.
2-ARC-TRANSITIVE REGULAR COVERS OF HAVING THE COVERING TRANSFORMATION GROUP
Authors: DU SHAOFEI , XU WENQIN 
Published: March 2016

This paper contributes to the regular covers of a complete bipartite graph minus a matching, denoted $K_{n,n}-nK_{2}$, whose fiber-preserving automorphism group acts 2-arc-transitively. All such covers, when the covering transformation group $K$ is either cyclic or $\mathbb{Z}_{p}^{2}$ with $p$ a prime, have been determined in Xu and Du [‘2-arc-transitive cyclic covers of $K_{n,n}-nK_{2}$’, J. Algebraic Combin.39 (2014), 883–902] and Xu et al. [‘2-arc-transitive regular covers of $K_{n,n}-nK_{2}$ with the covering transformation group $\mathbb{Z}_{p}^{2}$’, Ars. Math. Contemp.10 (2016), 269–280]. Finally, this paper gives a classification of all such covers for $K\cong \mathbb{Z}_{p}^{3}$ with $p$ a prime.
184 Years Not Out: a Brief history of the Library of the Law Society of England and Wales
Authors: Maher Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this article Michael Maher, Librarian of the Law Society of England and Wales, examines the history of the extensive library on Chancery Lane, the range of services it provides to help support its members (including their agents i.e. law librarians) and the future plans for the library.
Aqueous extracts of Duranta repens (Verbenaceae) as an alternative to control tea red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Roy Somnath , Muraleedharan Narayanannair , Handique Gautam , Rahman Azizur , Barua Archita 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe evaluated an aqueous extract ofDuranta repensL. in the laboratory against the tea red spider mite,Oligonychus coffeaeNietner, to determine its effect on adult mortality, viability of eggs, oviposition deterrence and repellent properties. We also evaluated the same extract in the field to determine its effect on mite populations. The direct spray method was used in the laboratory at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g/l. Mortality ofO. coffeaewas dependent on both concentration and time after application. Deposition of eggs by adult mites on treated leaf surfaces decreased and the viability of eggs was also reduced. Its bioefficacy was comparable to that of the commonly used commercial neem oil formulation (azadirachtin 0.03EC). In addition, different concentrations of the aqueous extract ofD. repensalso exhibited repellent properties against adult mites. In the field, the application of the aqueous extract ofD. repensreduced the mite population and its bioefficacy was comparable to that of the synthetic pesticide Propargite 57 EC. No phytotoxic effect was observed when tea bushes were sprayed with different concentrations ofD. repens. Tea samples were taint free. Treatment of plants with the extract did not affect the quality (appearance of liquor, flavour, taint and taste) of made tea. Availability and distribution of this plant in and around tea growing areas of Assam, along with its processing, and the possibility of includingD. repensextracts in the current IPM programme are discussed.
Fahreignung unter verkehrsophthalmologischen Aspekten beim älteren Fahrzeuglenker
Authors: Schneebeli Martina 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung. Im Rahmen der «Via Sicura», dem Massnahmenpaket für mehr Sicherheit im Strassenverkehr des Bundesamtes für ­Strassen (ASTRA), werden die den internationalen Standards angepassten medizinischen Mindestanforderungen an das Sehvermögen am 1. Juli 2016 in Kraft treten. Das für die Fahreignung notwendige Sehen ist nicht nur eine minimale gesetzlich geforderte Sehschärfe, sondern setzt sich aus allen Teilbereichen wie Sehschärfe, Gesichtsfeld, Kontrast- und Dämmerungssehen sowie Blendempfindlichkeit und Augenmotilität zusammen. Mit dem demografischen Wandel nimmt auch die Anzahl älterer Autofahrer mit verkehrsmedizinisch relevanten gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen, u. a. mit chronischen Augenleiden zu. Verkehrsophthalmologische Fragestellungen im Kontext der gesamtheitlichen Fahreignungsbeurteilung älterer Fahrzeuglenker werden daher künftig zunehmen. Zusammenfassend muss das für die sichere Teilnahme am motorisierten Strassenverkehr notwendige Sehvermögen so gross sein, dass verkehrsrelevante Informationen rechtzeitig wahrgenommen und verarbeitet werden können, damit richtig und schnell genug gehandelt und reagiert werden kann, dies auch bei schlechten Sichtverhältnissen bzw. eingeschränkten psychisch und physischen Leistungsreserven.
Mapping the dynamics and nanoscale organization of synaptic adhesion proteins using monomeric streptavidin
Authors: Chamma Ingrid , Letellier Mathieu , Butler Corey , Tessier Béatrice , Lim Kok-Hong , Gauthereau Isabel , Choquet Daniel , Sibarita Jean-Baptiste , Park Sheldon , Sainlos Matthieu , Thoumine Olivier 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe advent of super-resolution imaging (SRI) has created a need for optimized labelling strategies. We present a new method relying on fluorophore-conjugated monomeric streptavidin (mSA) to label membrane proteins carrying a short, enzymatically biotinylated tag, compatible with SRI techniques including uPAINT, STED and dSTORM. We demonstrate efficient and specific labelling of target proteins in confined intercellular and organotypic tissues, with reduced steric hindrance and no crosslinking compared with multivalent probes. We use mSA to decipher the dynamics and nanoscale organization of the synaptic adhesion molecules neurexin-1β, neuroligin-1 (Nlg1) and leucine-rich-repeat transmembrane protein 2 (LRRTM2) in a dual-colour configuration with GFP nanobody, and show that these proteins are diffusionally trapped at synapses where they form apposed trans-synaptic adhesive structures. Furthermore, Nlg1 is dynamic, disperse and sensitive to synaptic stimulation, whereas LRRTM2 is organized in compact and stable nanodomains. Thus, mSA is a versatile tool to image membrane proteins at high resolution in complex live environments, providing novel information about the nano-organization of biological structures.
PX-RICS-deficient mice mimic autism spectrum disorder in Jacobsen syndrome through impaired GABAA receptor trafficking
Authors: Nakamura Tsutomu , Arima-Yoshida Fumiko , Sakaue Fumika , Nasu-Nishimura Yukiko , Takeda Yasuko , Matsuura Ken , Akshoomoff Natacha , Mattson Sarah N. , Grossfeld Paul D. , Manabe Toshiya , Akiyama Tetsu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractJacobsen syndrome (JBS) is a rare congenital disorder caused by a terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11. A subset of patients exhibit social behavioural problems that meet the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, the underlying molecular pathogenesis remains poorly understood. PX-RICS is located in the chromosomal region commonly deleted in JBS patients with autistic-like behaviour. Here we report that PX-RICS-deficient mice exhibit ASD-like social behaviours and ASD-related comorbidities. PX-RICS-deficient neurons show reduced surface γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) levels and impaired GABAAR-mediated synaptic transmission. PX-RICS, GABARAP and 14-3-3ζ/θ form an adaptor complex that interconnects GABAAR and dynein/dynactin, thereby facilitating GABAAR surface expression. ASD-like behavioural abnormalities in PX-RICS-deficient mice are ameliorated by enhancing inhibitory synaptic transmission with a GABAAR agonist. Our findings demonstrate a critical role of PX-RICS in cognition and suggest a causal link between PX-RICS deletion and ASD-like behaviour in JBS patients.
A phosphotyrosine switch regulates organic cation transporters
Authors: Sprowl Jason A. , Ong Su Sien , Gibson Alice A. , Hu Shuiying , Du Guoqing , Lin Wenwei , Li Lie , Bharill Shashank , Ness Rachel A. , Stecula Adrian , Offer Steven M. , Diasio Robert B. , Nies Anne T. , Schwab Matthias , Cavaletti Guido , Schlatter Eberhard , Ciarimboli Giuliano , Schellens Jan H. M. , Isacoff Ehud Y. , Sali Andrej , Chen Taosheng , Baker Sharyn D. , Sparreboom Alex , Pabla Navjotsingh 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMembrane transporters are key determinants of therapeutic outcomes. They regulate systemic and cellular drug levels influencing efficacy as well as toxicities. Here we report a unique phosphorylation-dependent interaction between drug transporters and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which has uncovered widespread phosphotyrosine-mediated regulation of drug transporters. We initially found that organic cation transporters (OCTs), uptake carriers of metformin and oxaliplatin, were inhibited by several clinically used TKIs. Mechanistic studies showed that these TKIs inhibit the Src family kinase Yes1, which was found to be essential for OCT2 tyrosine phosphorylation and function. Yes1 inhibition in vivo diminished OCT2 activity, significantly mitigating oxaliplatin-induced acute sensory neuropathy. Along with OCT2, other SLC-family drug transporters are potentially part of an extensive ‘transporter-phosphoproteome’ with unique susceptibility to TKIs. On the basis of these findings we propose that TKIs, an important and rapidly expanding class of therapeutics, can functionally modulate pharmacologically important proteins by inhibiting protein kinases essential for their post-translational regulation.
Putting pressure on aromaticity along with in situ experimental electron density of a molecular crystal
Authors: Casati Nicola , Kleppe Annette , Jephcoat Andrew P. , Macchi Piero 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhen pressure is applied, the molecules inside a crystal undergo significant changes of their stereoelectronic properties. The most interesting are those enhancing the reactivity of systems that would be otherwise rather inert at ambient conditions. Before a reaction can occur, however, a molecule must be activated, which means destabilized. In aromatic compounds, molecular stability originates from the resonance between two electronic configurations. Here we show how the resonance energy can be decreased in molecular crystals on application of pressure. The focus is on syn-1,6:8,13-Biscarbonyl[14]annulene, an aromatic compound at ambient conditions that gradually localizes one of the resonant configurations on compression. This phenomenon is evident from the molecular geometries measured at several pressures and from the experimentally determined electron density distribution at 7.7 GPa; the observations presented in this work are validated by periodic DFT calculations.
Contrasting scaling properties of interglacial and glacial climates
Authors: Shao Zhi-Gang , Ditlevsen Peter D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUnderstanding natural climate variability is essential for assessments of climate change. This is reflected in the scaling properties of climate records. The scaling exponents of the interglacial and the glacial climates are fundamentally different. The Holocene record is monofractal, with a scaling exponent H∼0.7. On the contrary, the glacial record is multifractal, with a significantly higher scaling exponent H∼1.2, indicating a longer persistence time and stronger nonlinearities in the glacial climate. The glacial climate is dominated by the strong multi-millennial Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events influencing the long-time correlation. However, by separately analysing the last glacial maximum lacking DO events, here we find the same scaling for that period as for the full glacial period. The unbroken scaling thus indicates that the DO events are part of the natural variability and not externally triggered. At glacial time scales, there is a scale break to a trivial scaling, contrasting the DO events from the similarly saw-tooth-shaped glacial cycles.