bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRAF3/CYLD mutations identify a distinct subset of human papillomavirus‐associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hajek Michael , Sewell Andrew , Kaech Susan , Burtness Barbara , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Issaeva Natalia 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDThe incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated (HPV‐positive) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of the oropharynx has dramatically increased over the last decade and continues to rise. Newly diagnosed HPV‐positive HNSCCs in the United States currently outnumber any other HPV‐associated cancers, including cervical cancer. Despite introduction of the HPV vaccine, the epidemic of HPV‐positive HNSCC is expected to continue for approximately 60 years. Compared with patients who have tobacco‐associated HNSCC, those who have HPV‐positive HNSCC have better overall survival and response to treatment. Current treatment, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, is associated with lifelong morbidity, and there are limited treatments and no curative options for patients who develop recurrent metastatic disease. Therapeutic de‐escalation (decreased radiation dose) is being tested through clinical trials; however, those studies select patients based solely on tumor and patient smoking characteristics. Mechanisms of HPV‐driven carcinogenesis in HNSCC are not well understood, which limits new therapeutic strategies and hinders the appropriate selection of patients for de‐escalation therapy.METHODSThe authors analyzed HNSCC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to identify molecular characteristics that correlate with outcomes and integration status of the HPV genome.RESULTSThe current investigations identified a subset of HPV‐positive HNSCCs with mutations in the genes TRAF3 (tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 3) and CYLD (cylindromatosis lysine 63 deubiquitinase). Defects in TRAF3 and CYLD correlated with the activation of transcriptional factor nuclear factor κB, episomal HPV status of tumors, and improved patient survival.CONCLUSIONSDefects in TRAF3/CYLD were accompanied with the activation of nuclear factor κB signaling and maintenance of episomal HPV in tumors, suggesting that these mutations may support an alternative mechanism of HPV tumorigenesis in head and neck tumors. Cancer 2017;123:1778–1790. © 2017 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
[18F]‐FDG PET/CT in the staging and management of indolent lymphoma: A prospective multicenter PET registry study
Authors: Metser Ur , Dudebout Jill , Baetz Tara , Hodgson David C. , Langer Deanna L. , MacCrostie Pamela , Mak Victor , Tau Noam 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDTo measure the clinical impact of pretreatment fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) on the staging and management of apparent limited stage indolent lymphoma being considered for curative radiation therapy.METHODSWe conducted a prospective multicenter registry study that included 197 patients accrued between May 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015. Pre‐PET/CT stage, determined by clinical and CT data, was documented. If pre‐PET/CT stage was indeterminate, a stage was assigned to the patient by the referring oncologist according to best clinical judgment and treatment intent. After PET/CT, revised stage and planned management were recorded and compared with data on actual treatment received available through provincial databases (n = 155).RESULTSPET/CT resulted in the upstaging of 47 (23.9%) patients with presumed limited stage disease (stage I‐II) to advanced stage disease (stage III‐IV) (P < .0001). Ten (5.1%) patients were downstaged by PET/CT, 4 of whom migrated from advanced to limited stage disease. Twenty‐eight (14.2%) patients with a specific pre‐PET/CT stage had equivocal PET/CT findings that required further evaluation to confirm disease extent. After PET/CT, 95 (61.3%) patients were planned to receive active treatment. Of the 59 patients planned for radiotherapy alone post‐PET/CT, 34 (57.6%) received this treatment (P = .002), and nearly 80% of them (n = 27) had confirmed limited stage disease.CONCLUSIONPET/CT has a significant impact on staging and management in patients with apparent limited stage indolent lymphoma who are being considered for curative radiotherapy. PET/CT should be routinely incorporated into the workup of these patients. Cancer 2017;123:2860–66. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Differential neuronal and glial expression of nuclear factor I proteins in the cerebral cortex of adult mice
Authors: Chen Kok‐Siong , Harris Lachlan , Lim Jonathan W. C. , Harvey Tracey J. , Piper Michael , Gronostajski Richard M. , Richards Linda J. , Bunt Jens 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe nuclear factor I (NFI) family of transcription factors plays an important role in the development of the cerebral cortex in humans and mice. Disruption of nuclear factor IA (NFIA), nuclear factor IB (NFIB), or nuclear factor IX (NFIX) results in abnormal development of the corpus callosum, lateral ventricles, and hippocampus. However, the expression or function of these genes has not been examined in detail in the adult brain, and the cell type‐specific expression of NFIA, NFIB, and NFIX is currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of each NFI protein shows a distinct laminar pattern in the adult mouse neocortex and that their cell type‐specific expression differs depending on the family member. NFIA expression was more frequently observed in astrocytes and oligodendroglia, whereas NFIB expression was predominantly localized to astrocytes and neurons. NFIX expression was most commonly observed in neurons. The NFI proteins were equally distributed within microglia, and the ependymal cells lining the ventricles of the brain expressed all three proteins. In the hippocampus, the NFI proteins were expressed during all stages of neural stem cell differentiation in the dentate gyrus, with higher expression intensity in neuroblast cells as compared to quiescent stem cells and mature granule neurons. These findings suggest that the NFI proteins may play distinct roles in cell lineage specification or maintenance, and establish the basis for further investigation of their function in the adult brain and their emerging role in disease.
Directional excitatory input to direction‐selective ganglion cells in the rabbit retina
Authors: Percival Kumiko A. , Venkataramani Sowmya , Smith Robert G. , Taylor W. Rowland 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDirectional responses in retinal ganglion cells are generated in large part by direction‐selective release of γ‐aminobutyric acid from starburst amacrine cells onto direction‐selective ganglion cells (DSGCs). The excitatory inputs to DSGCs are also widely reported to be direction‐selective, however, recent evidence suggests that glutamate release from bipolar cells is not directional, and directional excitation seen in patch‐clamp analyses may be an artifact resulting from incomplete voltage control. Here, we test this voltage‐clamp‐artifact hypothesis in recordings from 62 ON‐OFF DSGCs in the rabbit retina. The strength of the directional excitatory signal varies considerably across the sample of cells, but is not correlated with the strength of directional inhibition, as required for a voltage‐clamp artifact. These results implicate additional mechanisms in generating directional excitatory inputs to DSGCs.
Light Harvesting and Photocurrent Generation in a Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticle–Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite
Authors: Ghosh Arnab , Jana Bikash , Maiti Sourav , Bera Rajesh , Ghosh Hirendra N. , Patra Amitava 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPolymer–graphene nanocomposites are promising candidates for light harvesting applications such as photocatalysis and photovoltaics, where significant charge separation occurs due to photoinduced electron transfer. Much attention has been paid to using reduced graphene oxide (r‐GO) as template for anchoring various nanomaterials due to its efficient electron accepting and transport properties. Here, poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV) nanoparticles are prepared from MEH‐PPV polymer and the change in photophysical properties upon formation of polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) from the molecular state are investigated by using steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy. Nanocomposites are constructed by adding hexadecylamine‐functionalized positively charged MEH‐PPV PNPs to a solution of negatively charged r‐GO. Steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy are also used to study the electronic interactions between PNPs and r‐GO. Ultrafast femtosecond up‐conversion and transient absorption spectroscopy unequivocally confirms the electron transfer process from the excited state of MEH‐PPV PNPs to r‐GO at the interface of the nanocomposite. Analysis reveals that the charge separation time is found to be pulse‐width‐limited (<100 fs). Due to charge separation in these nanocomposites, an increase (2.6 fold) of photocurrent under visible light illumination is obtained. The fundamental understanding of the charge transfer dynamics affords new opportunities to design efficient light‐harvesting systems based on inorganic–organic hybrids.
Phenoxazine Derivative Operates as an Efficient Surface‐Grafted Molecular Relay to Enhance the Performance and Stability of CdS‐ and CdSe‐Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells
Authors: Shen Chao , Wang Xingzhu , Tang Shasha , Courté Marc , Fichou Denis 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe report on a new phenoxazine derivative, 10‐butyl‐phenoxazine‐3‐carboxylic acid (BPCA), that we designed to operate as a molecular relay in semiconductor‐sensitized solar cells (SSCs). After BPCA surface modification and in the presence of a cobalt‐bipyridyl complex acting as a redox mediator, both TiO2/CdS/BPCA and TiO2/CdSe/BPCA SSCs exhibit enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability. In particular, the power conversion efficiencies of CdS and CdSe‐based solar cells are improved by 90 % and 57 %, respectively. Furthermore, after 300 s the JSC of TiO2/CdS/BPCA SSCs is stabilized at 30 % of its initial value, while in the same time CdS‐based devices retain only 1 % of their initial JSC. The origin of the improvement arises from the excellent electron‐donating property of BPCA and its role as a powerful molecular relay in non‐polysulfide based SSCs.
Reactions of Dilithium Dibenzopentalenides with Cr(CO)3(CH3CN)3: Unexpected Formation of a Cubic Tetramer of an Anionic Hydrodibenzopentalenyl Complex
Authors: Kuwabara Takuya , Kurokawa Nobuaki , Saito Masaichi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo explore the coordination chemistry of dibenzopentalene dianion, reactions of two dilithium dibenzopentalenides having different silyl substituents with Cr(CO)3(CH3CN)3 were investigated. The products were unexpected anionic complexes, [Li(Et2O)]+[Cr(η5‐9‐hydrodibenzopentalenyl)(CO)3]−. The proton at the 9‐position is derived from Cr(CO)3(CH3CN)3, as evidenced by the use of Cr(CO)3(CD3CN)3. The X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the chromium is coordinated by an anionic five‐membered ring of the pentalene skeleton, and the lithium atom is coordinated by oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups. The complexes form a dimer or a cage‐like tetramer via carbonyl–lithium interactions, depending on the bulk of the silyl groups. The cubic tetramer appears to retain its cage structure in nonpolar solvents such as benzene.
Silica‐Based Nanoparticles as Bifunctional and Bimodal Imaging Contrast Agents
Authors: Lechevallier Séverine , Mauricot Robert , Gros‐Dagnac Hélène , Chevreux Sylviane , Lemercier Gilles , Phonesouk Erick , Golzio Muriel , Verelst Marc 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNew bifunctional and bimodal nanoparticles (NPs) have been elaborated and characterised. They are based on silica NPs that incorporate a silylated ruthenium tris‐bipyridine complex. The resulting suspension of amine‐modified NPs with diameters of 20 nm was post‐functionalised with a stable gadolinium ion complex. Interest in these NPs lies mainly in the confinement of optical and magnetic imaging agents (Ru and Gd complexes, respectively) within the NP volume. Their potential use as a bimodal probe (luminescence/magnetic resonance imaging) and theranostic agent (photodynamic therapy/imaging) is described. The biological potential of these NPs has been studied on HCT‐116 cells and microscopy and cytotoxicity results are given.
Evaluating multiple spatial scales to understand the distribution of anuran beta diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Melchior Lara G. , Rossa‐Feres Denise de C. , da Silva Fernando R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe partitioned the total beta diversity in the species composition of anuran tadpoles to evaluate if species replacement and nestedness components are congruent at different spatial resolutions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We alternated the sampling grain and extent of the study area (among ponds at a site, among ponds within regions, among sites within regions, and among sites within regions pooled together) to assess the importance of anuran beta diversity components. We then performed variation partitioning to evaluate the congruence of environmental descriptors and geographical distance in explaining the spatial distribution of the species replacement and nestedness components. We found that species replacement was the main component of beta diversity, independent of the sampling grain and extent. Furthermore, when considering the same sampling grain and increasing the extent, the values of species replacement increased. On the other hand, when considering the same extent and increasing the sampling grain, the values of species replacement decreased. At the smallest sampling grain and extent, the environmental descriptors and geographic distance were not congruent and alternated in the percentage of variation explaining the spatial distribution of species replacement and nestedness. At the largest spatial scales (SSs), the biogeographical regions showed higher values of the percentage explaining the variation in the beta diversity components. We found high values of species replacement independently of the spatial resolution, but the processes driving community assembly seem to be dependent on the SS. At small scales, both stochastic and deterministic factors might be important processes structuring anuran tadpole assemblages. On the other hand, at a large spatial grain and extent, the processes restricting species distributions might be more effective for drawing inferences regarding the variation in anuran beta diversity in different regions of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
Past freeze–thaw events on Pinus seeds increase seedling herbivory
Authors: Connolly Brian M. , Guiden Peter W. , Orrock John L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSeed and seedling survival are key components of plant population persistence. Although freeze–thaw events are experienced by many dispersed seeds in temperate ecosystems, it is unclear whether freeze–thaw stresses experienced by seeds can alter seedling susceptibility to herbivores during the growing season. We evaluated how freezing stress (temperature at −6°C for 6 h) experienced by seeds of two conifer species (Pinus resinosa and Pinus strobus) affects seedling herbivory by a generalist herbivore (Spodoptera exigua). For both Pinus species, herbivores consumed twofold more seedling biomass from freeze–thaw‐treated plants than seedlings from the constant temperature treatment. Herbivores grew ~66% faster when feeding on freeze–thaw P. resinosa seedlings relative to controls, but herbivore growth rate did not differ between treatments for P. strobus. Our results show that the thermal environment experienced by a seed can have subsequent effects on plant–herbivore interactions, suggesting that (1) early ontogenetic stress could be a cryptic, yet unappreciated, determinant of future herbivory and (2) increasingly frequent cold events, such as those projected under winter climate change, may amplify seedling herbivory and reduce recruitment in managed and natural conifer forests.
Differential impacts of wildfire on the population dynamics of an old‐forest species
Authors: Rockweit Jeremy T. , Franklin Alan B. , Carlson Peter C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEcological disturbances shape and maintain natural communities, but climate change and human land use can alter disturbance regimes and affect population persistence and vital rates in unpredictable ways. Species inhabiting landscapes shaped by wildfire have evolved mechanisms allowing them to persist under this dynamic disturbance type, which creates habitats of varying quality for these species. We utilized data from a 26‐yr demographic study of northern spotted owls to analyze the influence of wildfire on apparent survival and recruitment rates. Wildfires occurred across different years and affected different spotted owl territories, which allowed us to implement a retrospective Before‐After‐Control‐Impact (BACI) analysis and model the potential effect of wildfire extent and severity. Our results indicated that mixed‐severity fires that burned at predominantly low‐severity had little effect on survival and recruitment while fires characterized by more medium to high burn severities negatively affected spotted owl survival, with varying effects on recruitment. Reduced survival and increased recruitment rates on some territories affected by medium to high severity fires suggested that post‐fire habitat quality was reduced resulting in territories that were marginally capable of supporting owls. We hypothesize these territories may have represented “sinks” that were supported by nearby “source” territories in a spatially heterogeneous landscape created by the mixed‐severity fire regime of the region.
Predictors of short‐term clinical response to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Linde Cecilia , Abraham William T. , Gold Michael R. , Daubert J. Claude , Tang Anthony S.L. , Young James B. , Sherfesee Lou , Hudnall J. Harrison , Fagan Dedra H. , Cleland John G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimsCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reduces morbidity and mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure and QRS prolongation but there is uncertainty about which patient characteristics predict short‐term clinical response.Methods and resultsIn an individual patient meta‐analysis of three double‐blind, randomized trials, clinical composite score (CCS) at 6 months was compared in patients assigned to CRT programmed on or off. Treatment–covariate interactions were assessed to measure likelihood of improved CCS at 6 months. MIRACLE, MIRACLE ICD, and REVERSE trials contributed data for this analysis (n = 1591). Multivariable modelling identified QRS duration and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as predictors of CRT clinical response (P < 0.05). The odds ratio for a better CCS at 6 months increased by 3.7% for every 1% decrease in LVEF for patients assigned to CRT‐on compared to CRT‐off, and was greatest when QRS duration was between 160 and 180 ms.ConclusionsIn symptomatic chronic heart failure patients (NYHA class II–IV), longer QRS duration and lower LVEF independently predict early clinical response to CRT.
Effectiveness of manual therapy versus surgery in pain processing due to carpal tunnel syndrome: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas C. , Cleland J. , Palacios‐Ceña M. , Fuensalida‐Novo S. , Alonso‐Blanco C. , Pareja J.A. , Alburquerque‐Sendín F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundPeople with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) exhibit widespread pressure pain and thermal pain hypersensitivity as a manifestation of central sensitization. The aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of manual therapy versus surgery for improving pain and nociceptive gain processing in people with CTS.MethodsThe trial was conducted at a local regional Hospital in Madrid, Spain from August 2014 to February 2015. In this randomized parallel‐group, blinded, clinical trial, 100 women with CTS were randomly allocated to either manual therapy (n = 50), who received three sessions (once/week) of manual therapies including desensitization manoeuvres of the central nervous system, or surgical intervention (n = 50) group. Outcomes including pressure pain thresholds (PPT), thermal pain thresholds (HPT or CPT), and pain intensity which were assessed at baseline, and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the intervention by an assessor unaware of group assignment. Analysis was by intention to treat with mixed ANCOVAs adjusted for baseline scores.ResultsAt 12 months, 95 women completed the follow‐up. Patients receiving manual therapy exhibited higher increases in PPT over the carpal tunnel at 3, 6 and 9 months (all, p < 0.01) and higher decrease of pain intensity at 3 month follow‐up (p < 0.001) than those receiving surgery. No significant differences were observed between groups for the remaining outcomes.ConclusionsManual therapy and surgery have similar effects on decreasing widespread pressure pain sensitivity and pain intensity in women with CTS. Neither manual therapy nor surgery resulted in changes in thermal pain sensitivity.SignificanceThe current study found that manual therapy and surgery exhibited similar effects on decreasing widespread pressure pain sensitivity and pain intensity in women with carpal tunnel syndrome at medium‐ and long‐term follow‐ups investigating changes in nociceptive gain processing after treatment in carpal tunnel syndrome.
Do older adults with chronic low back pain differ from younger adults in regards to baseline characteristics and prognosis?
Authors: Manogharan S. , Kongsted A. , Ferreira M.L. , Hancock M.J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundLow back pain (LBP) in older adults is poorly understood because the vast majority of the LBP research has focused on the working aged population. The aim of this study was to compare older adults consulting with chronic LBP to middle aged and young adults consulting with chronic LBP, in terms of their baseline characteristics, and pain and disability outcomes over 1 year.MethodsData were systematically collected as part of routine care in a secondary care spine clinic. At initial presentation patients answered a self‐report questionnaire and underwent a physical examination. Patients older than 65 were classified as older adults and compared to middle aged (45–65 years old) and younger adults (17–44 years old) for 10 baseline characteristics. Pain intensity and disability were collected at 6 and 12 month follow‐ups and compared between age groups.ResultsA total of 14,479 participants were included in the study. Of these 3087 (21%) patients were older adults, 6071 (42%) were middle aged and 5321 (37%) were young adults. At presentation older adults were statistically different to the middle aged and younger adults for most characteristics measured (e.g. less intense back pain, more leg pain and more depression); however, the differences were small. The change in pain and disability over 12 months did not differ between age groups.ConclusionsThis study found small baseline differences in older people with chronic LBP compared to middle aged and younger adults. There were no associations between age groups and the clinical course.SignificanceSmall baseline differences exist in older people with chronic low back pain compared to middle aged and younger adults referred to secondary care for chronic low back pain. Older adults present with slightly less intense low back pain but slightly more intense leg pain. Changes in pain intensity and disability over a 12 month period were similar across all age groups.