bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lin28B and Let-7 in the Control of Sympathetic Neurogenesis and Neuroblastoma Development
Authors: Hennchen Melanie , Stubbusch Jutta , Abarchan-El Makhfi Ikram , Kramer Marco , Deller Thomas , Pierre-Eugene Cécile , Janoueix-Lerosey Isabelle , Delattre Olivier , Ernsberger Uwe , Schulte Johannes B. , Rohrer Hermann 
Published: December 2015

The RNA binding protein Lin28B is expressed in developing tissues and sustains stem and progenitor cell identity as a negative regulator of theLet-7family of microRNAs, which induces differentiation. Lin28B is activated in neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood tumor in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. Forced expression of Lin28B in embryonic mouse sympathoadrenal neuroblasts elicits postnatal NB formation. However, the normal function of Lin28B in the development of sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells and the mechanisms involved in Lin28B-induced tumor formation are unclear. Here, we demonstrate a mirror-image expression ofLin28BandLet-7ain developing chick sympathetic ganglia.Lin28Bexpression is not restricted to undifferentiated progenitor cells but, is observed in proliferating noradrenergic neuroblasts.Lin28knockdown in cultured sympathetic neuroblasts decreases proliferation, whereasLet-7inhibition increases the proportion of neuroblasts in the cell cycle. Lin28B overexpression enhances proliferation, but only during a short developmental period, and it does not reduceLet-7a. Effects ofin vivo Lin28Boverexpression were analyzed in theLSL-Lin28BDBHiCremouse line. Sympathetic ganglion and adrenal medulla volume and the expression level ofLet-7awere not altered, althoughLin28Bexpression increased by 12- to 17-fold. In contrast,Let-7aexpression was strongly reduced inLSL-Lin28BDbhiCreNB tumor tissue. These data demonstrate essential functions for endogenousLin28andLet-7in neuroblast proliferation. However,Lin28Boverexpression neither sustains neuroblast proliferation nor affects let-7 expression. Thus, in contrast to other pediatric tumors,Lin28B-induced NB is not due to expansion of proliferating embryonic neuroblasts, and Let-7-independent functions are implicated during initial NB development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLin28A/B proteins are highly expressed in early development and maintain progenitor cells by blocking the biogenesis and differentiation function of Let-7 microRNAs. Lin28B is aberrantly upregulated in the childhood tumor neuroblastoma (NB). NB develops in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla and is elicited by forced Lin28B expression. We demonstrate that Lin28A/B and Let-7 are essential for sympathetic neuroblast proliferation during normal development. Unexpectedly, Lin28B upregulation in a mouse model does not affect neuroblast proliferation, ganglion size, and Let-7 expression during early postnatal development. Lin28B-induced NB, in contrast to other pediatric cancers, does not evolve from neuroblasts that continue to divide and involves Let-7-independent functions during initial development.
Corticostriatal Divergent Function in Determining the Temporal and Spatial Properties of Motor Tics
Authors: Israelashvili Michal , Bar-Gad Izhar 
Published: December 2015

Striatal disinhibition leads to the formation of motor tics resembling those expressed during Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. The spatial properties of these tics are dependent on the location of the focal disinhibition within the striatum; however, the factors affecting the temporal properties of tic expression are still unknown. Here, we used microstimulation within the motor cortex of freely behaving rats before and after striatal disinhibition to explore the factors underlying the timing of individual tics. Cortical activation determined the timing of individual tics via an accumulation process of inputs that was dependent on the frequency and amplitude of the inputs. The resulting tics and their neuronal representation within the striatum were highly stereotypic and independent of the cortical activity properties. The generation of tics was limited by absolute and relative tic refractory periods that were derived from an internal striatal state. Thus, the precise time of the tic expression depends on the interaction between the summation of incoming excitatory inputs to the striatum and the timing of the previous tic. A data-driven computational model of corticostriatal function closely replicated the temporal properties of tic generation and enabled the prediction of tic timing based on incoming cortical activity and tic history. These converging experimental and computational findings suggest a clear functional dichotomy within the corticostriatal network, pointing to disparate temporal (cortical) versus spatial (striatal) encoding. Thus, the abnormal striatal inhibition typical of Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders results in tics due to cortical activation of the abnormal striatal network.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe factors underlying the temporal properties of tics expressed in Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders have eluded clinicians and scientists for decades. In this study, we highlight the key role of corticostriatal activity in determining the timing of individual tics. We found that cortical activation determined the timing of tics but did not determine their form. A data-driven computational model of the corticostriatal network closely replicated the temporal properties of tic generation and enabled the prediction of tic timing based on incoming cortical activity and tic history. This study thus shows that, although tics originate in the striatum, their timing depends on the interplay between incoming excitatory corticostriatal inputs and the internal striatal state.
Phase 2 clinical trial of sunitinib as adjunctive treatment in patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Bikas Athanasios , Kundra Priya , Desale Sameer , Mete Mihriye , O'Keefe Kaitlyn , Clark Brandon G , Wray Lynette , Gandhi Rahul , Barett Christina , Jelinek James S , Wexler Jason A , Wartofsky Leonard , Burman Kenneth D 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sunitinib following at least one course of radioactive iodine treatment in patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The study endpoints included best response rate (including best objective response rate) and progression-free survival (PFS) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1, measurement of serum thyroglobulin (Tg), and toxicity evaluation.Design and methodsThis was a single center, nonrandomized, open-label, phase 2 clinical trial. In total, 23 patients were enrolled and were treated with a starting daily, oral dose of 37.5 mg sunitinib. Patients were evaluated with imaging, laboratory tests, and physical examination periodically per protocol.ResultsThe mean best response was a decrease of 17.2% (s.d. 22.8) in tumor sum from baseline. Six (26%) patients achieved a partial response (PR), and 13 (57%) had stable disease (SD) for a clinical benefit rate (PR+SD) of 83%. The overall median PFS was 241 days (interquartile limits, 114–518). No statistically significant difference was observed between the medians of the baseline and post-treatment Tg values (P=0.24). The most common adverse events included grades 1 and 2 decreases in blood cell counts (especially leukocytes), diarrhea, fatigue, hand–foot skin reaction, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, and hypertension.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that sunitinib exhibits significant anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced DTC. Since sunitinib was relatively well-tolerated, there is the potential for clinical benefit in these patients, and further investigation of this agent is warranted.
Combined Herbivory by Targeted Sheep Grazing and Biological Control Insects to Suppress Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe)
Authors: Mosley Jeffrey C. , Frost Rachel A. , Roeder Brent L. , Mosley Tracy K. , Marks Gerald 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe use of biological control insects is a promising option for suppressing spotted knapweed, a nonindigenous perennial forb that infests more than 3 million hectares of North American rangeland. Efficacy increases when spotted knapweed is attacked by more than one phytophagous insect; however, combined herbivory by biological control insects has not achieved widespread suppression of spotted knapweed in North America. Here we expand the concept of combined herbivory beyond two or more species of biological control insects to include a vertebrate herbivore, specifically targeted grazing by domestic sheep. Our experiment on foothill rangeland in northwestern Montana evaluated spotted knapweed response to three treatments: (1) biological control insects only, (2) biological control insects + targeted sheep grazing applied in late July (spotted knapweed in late bud–early flower stage), and (3) biological control insects + targeted sheep grazing applied in mid-August (spotted knapweed in full-flower stage). We combined targeted sheep grazing with herbivory by three species of biological control insects: knapweed flower weevil, knapweed root weevil, and sulfur knapweed root moth. Treatments were applied during four consecutive years (2009 to 2012). Spotted knapweed fitness was suppressed more where targeted sheep grazing and biological control insects were combined vs. areas treated with biological control insects alone. Combined herbivory was effective when targeted sheep grazing was applied during either late July or mid-August, but July grazing was more effective. Spotted knapweed produced 96 to 99% fewer viable seeds in sheep-grazed areas. After 4 yr of treatment, total spotted knapweed plant density (seedlings, juvenile, and adult plants) was 86% less in July-grazed areas and 61% less in August-grazed areas than in areas treated with biological control insects alone. Combined herbivory by targeted sheep grazing and biological control insects reduced adult plant density and prevented compensatory recruitment of spotted knapweed, but treatment with biological control insects alone did not.
Kiegészítések a Nyugat-Dunántúl flórájának ismeretéhez
Authors: Mesterházy Attila , Kulcsár László 
Published: December 2015

Cikkünkben az elmúlt közel 10 évben a Nyugat-Dunántúlon végzett florisztikai kutatásaink eredményeit ősszegezzük. Munkánkban törekedtünk a Nyugat-Dunántúl területén előforduló ritka, kevés irodalmi adattal rendelkező vagy növényföldrajzi szempontból érdekesebb taxonok adatainak közlésére. A cikkben szereplő enumeráció 98 taxon 172 előfordulási adatát közli. A kutatás során előkerült a Nyugat-Dunántúl flórájára nézve 9 új faj, melyek közül 3 faj tekinthető őshonosnak [Oenanthe banatica Heuff., Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P.Beauv., Polycnemum majus A. Braun.], míg 6 faj valószínűleg adventív megtelepedés eredménye [Artemisia annua L., Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Ronse Decr., Rumex pulcher L., Cerasus vulgaris Mill. subsp. acida (Dumort.) Dostál, Salvia austriaca Jacq., Digitalis lanata Ehrh.]. A cikkben szereplő további taxonok döntően őshonos növények, többségük védett vagy természetvédelmi szempontból kiemelt jelentőségű, ezért monitorozásuk javasolt. Több, a régióban még ritka adventív faj lelőhelyét ismertetjük (például Calepina irregularis Adans.). Számos, növényföldrajzi szempontból jelentős fajról közlünk adatokat, elősegítve ezzel elterjedésük pontosabb megismerését. Az ismertetésre kerülő taxonok leginkább természetes vagy féltermészetes élőhelyeken fordulnak elő, de néhány ritka, extenzív szántókhoz vagy szünantróp élőhelyekhez köthető ritka gyom [például Coronopus squamatus (Forssk.) Asch., Thesium dollineri Murb.] előfordulásáról is beszámolunk.
Prevalencia de orgasmo en mujeres universitarias de Bucaramanga (Colombia), 2013
Authors: Guarín-Serrano Rocío , Cadena-Afanador Laura , Mujica-Rodríguez Ana María , Ochoa-Vera Miguel Enrique , Useche-Aldana Bernardo 
Published: December 2015

<p><strong>Objetivo:</strong> establecer la prevalencia de vida de orgasmo femenino y de dificultades orgásmicas en universitarias del área metropolitana de Bucara manga (Colombia).</p><p><strong>Materiales y métodos:</strong> estudio de corte transversal. Se administró un cuestionario de autorreporte a una muestra de mujeres universitarias de Bucaramanga. Además de la prevalencia de orgasmo, se midieron variables sociodemográficas como edad, orientación sexual, religiosidad y estado civil; y variables relacionadas con la conducta y la estimulación sexual. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y un análisis exploratorio mediante análisis bivariado y multivariado para medir la asociación de variables de interés con el orgasmo.</p><p><strong>Resultados:</strong> se encuestaron 1.038 mujeres, con una edad mediana de 20 años. La prevalencia de vida de orgasmo fue del 76 % (IC 95 %: 73,5-78,7) y la prevalencia de dificultades para alcanzar el orgasmo fue del 24 % (IC 95 %: 21,3-26,5). De las mujeres que no habían tenido orgasmo o tenían dificultades para alcanzarlo el 6,2 % habían consultado al ginecólogo por esta razón. En el análisis multivariado se encontró asociación entre el orgasmo y la edad (OR = 1,19; IC 95%: 1,08-1,31), la masturbación (OR = 2,55; IC 95 %: 1,34-4,84) y las relaciones sexuales con una pareja (OR = 4,2; IC 95 %: 2,28-7,72).</p><p><strong>Conclusión: </strong>una de cada 3 mujeres universitarias no han tenido experiencia orgásmica y tres de cada 10 mujeres con experiencia orgásmica reportan dificultad para alcanzarlo. Es importante indagar sobre estos problemas sexuales en la consulta de ginecología.</p>
Prevalencia de resultado positivo de la citología para vaginosis bacteriana, candidiasis y tricomoniasis en una Empresa Social del Estado de Medellín (Colombia), 2010-2012
Authors: Cardona-Arias Jaiberth Antonio , Herrera-Posada Daniela , Valencia-Arredondo Marleny 
Published: December 2015

<p style="font: small/normal verdana; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><strong>Objetivo:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></strong>determinar la prevalencia del resultado positivo de la citología para vaginosis bacteriana, candidiasis y tricomoniasis vaginal, y su distribución según edad, método de planificación y sector de residencia.</p><p style="font: small/normal verdana; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><strong>Materiales y métodos:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>estudio de corte transversal en especímenes citológicos obtenidos de mujeres atendidas entre los años 2010-2012 en Metrosalud, red de instituciones de la que hacen parte cincuenta centros de salud y unidades hospitalarias de primer nivel en Medellín (Colombia). Se incluyó toda la población de mujeres del régimen subsidiado atendida en la institución, se excluyeron las citologías con muestras insatisfactorias por ausencia de células, exceso de eritrocitos o leucocitos, y extendido defectuoso. Se usó fuente de información secundaria. Los datos se almacenaron y analizaron en SPSS 21®, con medidas de resumen y frecuencias absolutas y relativas.</p><p style="font: small/normal verdana; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><strong>Resultados:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>se incluyeron 206.035 registros. La prevalencia de vaginosis bacteriana fue 18 %, candidiasis 4,7 % y tricomoniasis 0,8 %. Los subgrupos con mayor prevalencia de infecciones fueron los adolescentes, con 22,8 % de vaginosis bacteriana, 9,2 % de candidiasis y 1,0 % para tricomoniasis; y quienes usan el dispositivo intrauterino (DIU) con 25,6, 5,1 y 1,2 % respectivamente.</p><p style="font: small/normal verdana; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><strong>Conclusión:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>se halló una elevada prevalencia de las infecciones estudiadas, principalmente en adolescentes y usuarias del DIU; esta información resulta útil para los tomadores de decisiones en salud y para evaluar la pertinencia de estructurar programas de tamización de infecciones del tracto genital aunados a la tamización del cáncer cérvico-uterino.</p>
Teratoma placentario: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: García-Riaño Diego Armando , Aragón-Mendoza Rafael Leonardo , Méndez-Sarmiento Claudia Patricia 
Published: December 2015

<p> </p><p style="font: small/normal verdana; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><strong>Objetivo:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>el teratoma placentario es un tumor benigno poco frecuente, solo han sido reportados algunos casos a nivel mundial, ninguno de estos en Colombia. Se presenta un caso para revisar la literatura publicada respecto a su diagnóstico prenatal, histopatológico y pronóstico en el embarazo. </p><p style="font: small/normal verdana; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><strong>Materiales y métodos:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>se presenta el caso de una paciente de 19 años, con gestación de 32 semanas, quien consultó a la Unidad de Obstetricia del Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael, hospital general privado de IV nivel de complejidad en atención, ubicado en Bogotá (Colombia). La paciente tenía como hallazgo ultrasonográfico prenatal una imagen de ecogenicidad heterogénea en cavidad amniótica. Se encontró una masa ovoide, de aspecto sólido, de 5 centímetros, localizada en la cara fetal de la placenta. El estudio histopatológico mostró hallazgos correspondientes a teratoma placentario. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura publicada en las bases de datos: PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Ovid y ScienceDirect.</p><p style="font: small/normal verdana; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><strong>Resultados:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>se encontraron 10.523 títulos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 23 relacionados con teratoma placentario. Todos eran reportes de caso. Su diagnóstico se basa en la ecografía prenatal y en el estudio histopatológico, que muestra tejidos maduros de las tres capas germinativas sin organización definida. Tiene un buen pronóstico obstétrico y no parece incrementar el riesgo de malformaciones fetales.</p><p style="font: small/normal verdana; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><strong>Conclusión:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>el teratoma placentario es un tumor de aparición poco frecuente, que generalmente tiene un comportamiento benigno.</p><p> </p>
Características clínicas y pronóstico de las pacientes con cáncer de cérvix tratadas en tres instituciones de salud en Barranquilla, Colombia, de 2005 a 2011
Authors: Fernández-Mercado Robinson , Amaya-Guío Jairo , González-Rubio Álvaro , Pineda-Vega Rafael , Riveros-Torrado Elbert , Álvarez-González Angélica , Corro-Melgarejo Jose M. 
Published: December 2015

<p><strong>Objetivo</strong>: describir las características clínicas y el pronóstico de las pacientes con cáncer de cérvix tratadas en tres instituciones de salud en Barranquilla, Colombia.</p><p><strong>Materiales y métodos:</strong> estudio de cohorte retrospectiva descriptiva. Se revisaron las bases de datos de las tres instituciones participantes en donde se identificaron los casos que tuvieron diagnóstico CIE 10 de: tumor maligno de endocérvix, tumor maligno de exocérvix, tumor maligno del cuello del útero y tumor maligno del itsmo uterino. Se excluyeron pacientes remitidas por recidiva tumoral. En caso de deceso, este fue corroborado con el certificado de defunción. Se describe la mortalidad absoluta por estadio clínico. Para establecer el pronóstico se estimó la probabilidad de estar libre de enfermedad y de sobrevivir al primer, tercer y quinto año de seguimiento.</p><p><strong>Resultados:</strong> se identificaron 375 pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma de cérvix, de las cuales 27 se perdieron en el seguimiento para un total de 348 pacientes evaluadas. Se encontró una tasa de complicaciones cercana al 19% siendo más frecuentes en pacientes con radioterapia (94%) que en las que recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico (6%). La probabilidad de sobrevida a los 5 años es del 92% y la probabilidad de estar libre de enfermedad a los 5 años es del 89%.</p><p><strong>Conclusiones</strong>: los resultados obtenidos en cuanto a complicaciones y sobrevida posterior al tratamiento fueron similares a lo reportado en la literatura. Se requieren más estudios con una mayor profundidad metodológica que caractericen el pronóstico de las pacientes con cáncer de cérvix en nuestra población.</p>
Laboratory accelerated and outdoor durability testing of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials
Authors: Nakamura Eisuke , Watanabe Hiroshi 
Published: December 2015

This paper aims to clarify the differences in durability test results of concrete containing supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) for both laboratory-accelerated and outdoor exposure conditions. Twenty-six types of concrete specimens fabricated with and without SCMs were used for laboratoryaccelerated and outdoor exposure tests to measure the resistance to carbonation and chloride ingress. An accelerated carbonation test and an immersion test were conducted in accordance with Japanese standard testing procedures, and outdoor exposure tests were performed at three test sites in Japan over 20 months. Although the testing conditions between these two approaches were substantially different, both results exhibited the same trend: the use of SCMs impaired the resistance to carbonation but improved that to chloride ingress. The carbonation depths estimated by the accelerated carbonation test were, however, slightly greater than those measured in the exposed specimens. This conservative estimation for the carbonation depth was assumed to be a result of overly severe testing conditions of the accelerated carbonation test. Additionally, differences in the chloride profiles of the specimens were found between those soaked in a NaCl solution and those exposed to outdoor conditions. These differences were prominent in the specimens containing highvolume SCMs because their chloride profiles were affected by carbonation observed at the concrete surface layer of the specimens. It should be emphasized that the chloride penetration resistance improved by the use of SCMs for the laboratory-accelerated condition was, on the other hand, relatively reduced for the outdoor exposure conditions where carbonation and chloride ingress progressed simultaneously in concrete.