bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal combination therapies for local drug delivery by magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound
Authors: Hijnen Nicole , Kneepkens Esther , de Smet Mariska , Langereis Sander , Heijman Edwin , Grüll Holger 
Published: June 2017

Significance
MRI-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) is noninvasive technology able to focally heat tumor tissue from hyperthermic up to ablative temperatures. Although ablative temperatures can be used to destroy cancerous tissue directly, adequate ablation of tumor margins is often impossible due to the vicinity of vital structures, leaving a potential source for local recurrence. Another therapeutic option in oncology is hyperthermia-triggered local drug delivery using MR-HIFU in combination with temperature-sensitive liposomes (TSLs). In this study, we compare different MR-HIFU treatment schemes comprising ablation and hyperthermia-triggered drug delivery with respect to drug distribution and therapeutic efficacy. We show that a combination protocol of hyperthermia-induced drug delivery followed by ablation resulted in a homogeneous drug distribution and the highest therapeutic effect.
Hidden role of intermolecular proton transfer in the anomalously diffuse vibrational spectrum of a trapped hydronium ion
Authors: Craig Stephanie M. , Menges Fabian S. , Duong Chinh H. , Denton Joanna K. , Madison Lindsey R. , McCoy Anne B. , Johnson Mark A. 
Published: June 2017

SignificanceUnderstanding the origin of the extremely diffuse vibrational spectrum of an excess proton in water presents a grand challenge for contemporary physical chemistry. Here, we report the key observation that such diffuse bands occur even when the hydronium ion is held in the binding pocket of a rigid crown ether scaffold at 10 K. The broadening is traced to the zero-point vibrational displacements of the ion in the crown. The diffuse spectra are therefore an intrinsic property of the system and mimic the action of thermal fluctuations at elevated temperatures. We treat the mechanics underlying this phenomenon with a vibrationally adiabatic ansatz, from which emerges a qualitative picture that emphasizes the hidden role of vibrationally driven, intermolecular proton transfer.
The Typological Primacy Model and bilingual types
Authors: Child Michael W. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The Typological Primacy Model (TPM; Rothman, 2011, 2013, 2015) proposes that transfer in the initial stages of L3 acquisition will come from the most structurally similar background language, regardless of the order and context of previous language acquisition. However, research on L3 Brazilian Portuguese acquisition by Spanish speaking bilinguals has hinted at differences in transfer based on order and context of acquisition (Carvalho & da Silva, 2006; Johnson, 2004). Consequently, the present study measures three groups of Spanish/English bilinguals’ knowledge of mood in non-obligatory contexts in Spanish and subsequently in Portuguese. Results suggest that participants transfer from Spanish, although there are significant differences in their knowledge of mood distinctions and in the transfer of that knowledge to L3 Portuguese.
Prosodic transfer among Spanish-K’ichee’ bilinguals
Authors: Baird Brandon O. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This chapter presents a case of prosodic transfer among Spanish-K’ichee’ (Mayan) bilinguals from two communities in Guatemala: Nahualá and Cantel. Specifically, it analyzes the use of duration to mark contrastive focus in both Spanish and K’ichee’. The results of a production task demonstrate that there is a phonological restriction on the use of a longer duration to mark contrastive focus in Nahualá K’ichee’ but not in Cantel K’ichee’. The surface pattern of this restriction is transferred into the prosodic contrastive focus marking of the Spanish of several bilinguals from Nahualá. However, this prosodic transfer is more likely to occur among Nahualá females and in stress patterns that are present in both languages, i.e., word-final stress.
Experimentally inducing Spanish-English code-switching
Authors: Valdés Kroff Jorge R. , Fernández-Duque Matías 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
U.S. Spanish-English bilinguals intentionally engage in code-switching. Its experimental study is challenging, due to the lack of a meaningful context or turn-taking between speakers. We report on the use of a referential communication task to experimentally elicit code-switching. Data from 10 sessions indicate participants’ willingness to code-switch but that frequency of code-switching is constrained by individual factors. Self-reported code-switching use is correlated with the proportion of English and Spanish spoken, validating self-reported measures of code-switching use but not exposure. The results underscore an asymmetric contribution of the bilingual’s languages in code-switching. The use of this task paves the way for experimental studies on naturalistic and spontaneous code-switching and provides a potential avenue for a more quantified measure of code-switching proficiency.
Contraception and the Contralife Will
Authors: Connor R. A. 
Published: June 2017

Father Connor received his Ph.D. in philosophy from the Lateran University in Rome. He points out that “Intending the good is a subjective operation deriving from an intellectual objective perception of being. The being that I perceive is the esse of my personal self which is thrusting to fulfillment through acts. The person and his/her acts are the grounding of what I mean by “good” or “bad”. The evil of contraception, then is not an intention against the life of a future child, but the nonconformity of the will with the double structure (love-making/life giving) of the coital act which is a manifestation of the intercoursing process. “The evident weakness of the contralife will shows in the inability to apply it uniformly throughout sexual morality. For example, in in vitro fertilization, the will is pro-life, yet the “manufacturing” of the child is evil. They then have recourse to other principles ad hoc.”
Euthanasia: An Inclusive Definition
Authors: Mazzarella Patricia 
Published: June 2017

We continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled and evasive attitudes about death, despite the great distance we have come in understanding some of the profound aspects of biology. We have as much distaste for talking about personal death as for thinking about it; it is an indelicacy, like talking in mixed company about venereal disease or abortion in the old days. Death on a grand scale does not bother us in the same special way: we can sit around a dinner table and discuss war, involving 60 million volatized human deaths, as though we were talking about the weather; we can watch abrupt bloody death every day, in color, on films and television, without blinking back a tear. It is when the numbers of dead are very small and very close that we begin to think in scurrying circles. 1 Lewis Thomas, The Lives of a Cell
“You Can't be any Poorer than Dead”: Difficulties in Recognizing Artificial Nutrition and Hydration as Medical Treatments
Authors: Heaney Stephen J. 
Published: June 2017

The President's Commission Report Deciding to Forego Life-Sustaining Treatment comes down squarely in favor of two propositions: 1) artificial provision of nutrition and hydration are medical treatments, and 2) as such, these medical treatments may be foregone by certain categories of patients or their proxies. This latter conclusion is based on roughly consequentialist grounds; the former is more assumed than argued There is a school of thought opposed to both of these conclusions. After first demonstrating that nourishment is not medicine, a non-consequentialist or natural law argument is employed to show that nourishment may not be foregone insofar as it violates the principle, “First, do no harm.” I was once a member of this school, and this paper was to argue its position. In the end, however, this paper adopts the position that artificial provision of nourishment and hydration can be medical treatments, and as such may be foregone by certain categories of patients, without violating a natural law understanding of “First, do no harm “Still, exposing my retained sympathies for my former position, the paper attempts to argue for a very careful standard for non-treatment. As a result, the argument of the paper takes four steps. First, I present the argument that artificial provision of nutrition is never medical treatment, giving as much strength to that argument as possible. Second, I show how the focus of that argument leads it astray, and that artificial provision of nourishment is medical treatment. Third, I try to show by what standard patients (or proxies) can legitimately forego this medical treatment Fourth, I point out where my former position has valid criticisms of certain arguments used by those who hold that such treatment may be withdrawn, and urge great caution in deciding to forego treatment.
Size-based indicators show depth-dependent change over time in the deep sea
Authors: Mindel Beth L , Neat Francis C , Webb Thomas J , Blanchard Julia L 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Size-based indicators are well established as a management tool in shelf seas as they respond to changes in fishing pressure and describe important aspects of community function. In the deep sea, however, vital rates are much slower and body size relationships vary with depth, making it less clear how size-based indicators can be applied and whether they are appropriate for detecting changes through time. The deep-sea fish stocks of the North Atlantic underwent a period of exploitation followed by management and conservation action that relieved this pressure. We used data from a deep-water bottom trawl survey in the Rockall Trough, at depths of 300–2000 m, to test whether size-based indicators changed over a 16-year period, during which fishing pressure decreased. We applied four indicators to these data: mean body length, mean maximum length, large fish indicator (LFI), and the slope of the biomass spectrum. Patterns were analysed within four different depth bands. The LFI and slope of the biomass spectrum showed positive change over time, suggesting recovery from fishing pressure. This response was generally most apparent in the shallowest depth band, where most fishing activity has been distributed. Values of the LFI were much higher overall than in shelf seas, so the same reference points cannot be applied to all marine ecosystems. These findings imply that size-based indicators can be usefully applied to the deep sea and that they potentially track changes in fishing pressure in the medium term.
Evidence for orbital motion of CW Leonis from ground-based astrometry
Authors: Sozzetti A. , Smart R. L. , Drimmel R. , Giacobbe P. , Lattanzi M.G. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Recent Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations indicate that CW Leo, the closest carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch star to Sun, might have a low-mass stellar companion. We present archival ground-based astrometric measurements of CW Leo obtained within the context of the Torino Parallax Program and with &gt;6 yr (1995–2001) of time baseline. The residuals to a single-star solution show significant curvature, and they are strongly correlated with the well-known I-band photometric variations due to stellar pulsations. We describe successfully the astrometry of CW Leo with a variability-induced motion (VIM) + acceleration model. We obtain proper motion and parallax of the centre-of-mass of the binary, the former in fair agreement with recent estimates, the latter at the near end of the range of inferred distances based on indirect methods. The VIM + acceleration model results allow us to derive a companion mass in agreement with that inferred by ALMA, they point towards a somewhat longer period than implied by ALMA, but are not compatible with much longer period estimates. These data will constitute a fundamental contribution towards the full understanding of the orbital architecture of the system when combined with Gaia astrometry, providing an ∼25 yr time baseline.
Novel insights of microRNAs in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Le Xiong , Yu Xiang , Shen Nan 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
To provide a brief overview of recent progress in microRNA biogenesis and homeostasis, its function in immune system and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as well as successful microRNA-based therapy in vivo.

Recent findings
Stepwise microRNA biogenesis is elaborately regulated at multiple levels, ranging from transcription to ultimate function. Mature microRNAs have inhibitory effects on various biological molecules, which are crucial for stabilizing and normalizing differentiation and function of immune cells. Abnormality in microRNA expression contributes to dysfunction of lupus immune cells and resident cells in local tissues. Manipulation of dysregulated microRNAs in vivo through microRNA delivery or targeting microRNA might be promising for SLE treatment.

Summary
Recent advances highlight that microRNAs are important in immunity, lupus autoimmunity and as potential therapy target for SLE.
Perceived Maternal Behavioral Control, Infant Behavior, and Milk Supply: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Peacock-Chambers Elizabeth , Dicks Kaitlin , Sarathy Leela , Brown Allison A. , Boynton-Jarrett Renée 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Disparities persist in breastfeeding exclusivity and duration despite increases in breastfeeding initiation. The objective of this study was to examine factors that influence maternal decision making surrounding infant feeding practices over time in a diverse inner-city population.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective qualitative study with 20 mothers recruited from 2 urban primary care clinics. Participants completed open-ended interviews and demographic questionnaires in English or Spanish administered at approximately 2 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Transcripts were analyzed using a combined technique of inductive (data-driven) and deductive (theory-driven, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior) thematic analysis using 3 independent coders and iterative discussion to reach consensus.

Results:
All women initiated breastfeeding, and 65% reported perceived insufficient milk (PIM). An association between PIM and behavioral control emerged as the overarching theme impacting early breastfeeding cessation and evolved over time. Early postpartum, PIM evoked maternal distress—strong emotional responses to infant crying and need to control infant behaviors. Later, mothers accepted a perceived lack of control over milk supply with minimal distress or as a natural process. Decisions to stop breastfeeding occurred through an iterative process, informed by trials of various strategies and observations of subsequent changes in infant behavior, strongly influenced by competing psychosocial demands.

Conclusion:
Infant feeding decisions evolve over time and are influenced by perceptions of control over infant behavior and milk supply. Tailored anticipatory guidance is needed to provide time-sensitive strategies to cope with challenging infant behaviors and promote maternal agency over breastfeeding in low-income populations.
Safety Culture in the Operating Room: Variability Among Perioperative Healthcare Workers
Authors: Pimentel Marc Philip T. , Choi Stephanie , Fiumara Karen , Kachalia Allen , Urman Richard D. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction
Safety culture is defined as the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine an organization’s health and safety management. There is a lack of studies assessing patient safety culture in the perioperative setting.

Objectives
We examined safety culture at a single tertiary care hospital, across all types of surgery, using previously collected data from a validated survey tool. We aim to understand how safety culture varies among perioperative staff.

Methods
The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was administered at a single tertiary care hospital in 2014. We identified 431 respondents as perioperative healthcare workers: surgery attending physician, surgery trainee physician, anesthesia attending physician, anesthesia trainee physician, nurse, and technician. We calculated percent positive scores for each dimension of safety culture, as well as a composite score. Pairwise comparisons were calculated via analysis of variance.

Results
The average response rate was 67%. The dimensions with the highest average percent positive scores were teamwork within hospital units (69%) and organizational learning and continuous improvement (57%). The dimensions with the lowest scores were feedback and communication about error (34%) and hospital handoffs and transitions (30%). Surgery attending physicians perceived the strongest safety climate overall, whereas nurses and surgical technicians perceived significantly worse safety climate.

Conclusions
We observed significant variability in perioperative safety culture, across dimensions of safety climate, professional roles, and levels of training. These variations in safety culture should be addressed when implementing culture change programs in the perioperative setting.
Improving leukemic CD34+/CD38−blasts characterization with single-cell transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Sartori Ambra , Cheng Phil , Falconnet Emilie , Ribaux Pascale , Aubry-Lachainaye Jean-Pierre , Levesque Mitchell P. , Antonarakis Stylianos E. , Matthes Thomas , Borel Christelle 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARY / ABSTRACTAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a particularly aggressive blood cancer that is difficult to treat because of the incomplete eradication of rare blast cells that possess self-renewal and leukemia-initiating properties. To characterize resistant blasts, we analyzed for the first time the transcriptomes of individual CD34+/CD38−blasts by single-cell mRNA sequencing of 359 CD33+/CD34+/CD38−/+sorted cells from two patients with AML and four unaffected individuals. We demonstrated that the captured blasts possess the transcriptomic hallmarks of self-renewal and leukemia-initiating ability. The effects of somatic mutations on the cancer cells are visible at the transcriptional level, and the cellular signaling pathway activity of the blasts is altered, revealing disease-associated gene networks. We also identified a core set of transcription factors that were co-activated in blasts, which suggests a joint transcription program among blasts. Finally, we revealed that leukemogenesis and putative prognostic gene-expression signatures are present at diagnosis in leukemic CD33+/CD34+/CD38−cells and can be detected using a single-cell RNA sequencing approach.
The reproducibility of research and the misinterpretation ofPvalues
Authors: Colquhoun David 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe wish to answer this question If you observe a “significant”Pvalue after doing a single unbiased experiment, what is the probability that your result is a false positive?. The weak evidence provided byPvalues between 0.01 and 0.05 is explored by exact calculations of false positive risks.When you observeP= 0.05, the odds in favour of there being a real effect (given by the likelihood ratio) are about 3:1. This is far weaker evidence than the odds of 19 to 1 that might, wrongly, be inferred from thePvalue. And if you want to limit the false positive risk to 5 %, you would have to assume that you were 87% sure that there was a real effect before the experiment was done.If you observeP=0.001 in a well-powered experiment, it gives a likelihood ratio of almost 100:1 odds on there being a real effect. That would usually be regarded as conclusive, But the false positive risk would still be 8% if the prior probability of a real effect were only 0.1. And, in this case, if you wanted to achieve a false positive risk of 5% you would need to observeP= 0.00045.It is recommended that the terms “significant” and “non-significant” should never be used. Rather,Pvalues should be supplemented by specifying the prior probability that would be needed to produce a specified (e.g. 5%) false positive risk. It may also be helpful to specify the minimum false positive risk associated with the observedPvalue.Despite decades of warnings, many areas of science still insist on labelling a result ofP< 0.05 as “statistically significant”. This practice must contribute to the lack of reproducibility in some areas of science. This is before you get to the many other well-known problems, like multiple comparisons, lack of randomisation andP-hacking. Precise inductive inference is impossible and replication is the only way to be sure,Science is endangered by statistical misunderstanding, and by senior people who impose perverse incentives on scientists.
The cell polarity proteins Boi1p and Boi2p stimulate vesicle fusion at the plasma membrane of yeast cells
Authors: Kustermann Jochen , Wu Yehui , Rieger Lucia , Dedden Dirk , Phan Tamara , Walther Paul , Dünkler Alexander , Johnsson Nils 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEukaryotic cells can direct secretion to defined regions of their plasma membrane. These regions are distinguished by an elaborate architecture of proteins and lipids that are specialized to capture and fuse post-Golgi vesicles. Here we show that the proteins Boi1p and Boi2p are important elements of this area of active exocytosis at the tip of growing yeast cells. Cells lacking Boi1p and Boi2p accumulate secretory vesicles in their bud. The essential PH domains of Boi1p and Boi2p interact with Sec1p, a protein required for SNARE complex formation and vesicle fusion. Sec1p loses its tip localization in cells depleted of Boi1p and Boi2p but can partially compensate for their loss upon overexpression. The capacity to simultaneously bind phospholipids, Sec1p, multiple subunits of the exocyst, Cdc42p, and the module for generating active Cdc42p identify Boi1p and Boi2p as essential mediators between exocytosis and polar growth.Summary statementA novel protein complex connects vesicle fusion with Cdc42p activation. Genetic and protein interaction data suggest that its central members Boi1p and Boi2p chaperone the formation of the docking complex.
Protein profiling in cancer cell lines and tumor tissue using reverse phase protein arrays
Authors: Jing Xiaohong , Wang Weiqing , Gauthier Nicholas P. , Kaushik Poorvi , Root Alex , Stein Richard R. , Korkut Anil , Sander Chris 
Published: June 2017

AbstractReverse phase protein array (RPPA) technology is an antibody-based high-throughput assay for protein profiling of biological specimens that allows for many measurements with very small amounts of cell lysate. Here, we report the sensitivity, reproducibility, and accuracy of a particular RPPA platform called Zeptosens. We customized the RPPA protocol for our in-house setup, and measured more than 80 total protein and phospho-protein levels in various cancer samples, including cell lines, organoids, tumor chunks, core needle biopsies, and laser-capture microdissected tissue samples. We discuss pros and cons of the RPPA platform, and describe results from profiling 15 cancer cell line cells using RPPA.