bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosomatic and psychopathological paradigms of alcoholic anorexia
Authors: Sosin I. , Chuev Y. , Goncharova O. , Misko G. , Volkov A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAlcoholic anorexia (AA), being one of prevalent narcology diseases, up to now has not been studied in psychosomatics and psychopathology paradigm.Aims and objectivesTo identify multifactorial pathopsychological, psychopathological, nervous, alimentary, toxicological constituents of AA pathogenesis.MethodTwenty-four patients with alcohol dependence (males aged 29–37) have been studied. Diagnosis was objectified by psychosomatic, pathopsychological complex international valid tests and rating, adequate for investigation design, laboratory, electrophysiology, biochemical, ultrasound and other methods.ResultsAA was accompanied with mental and physical post-intoxication exhaustion, asthenizing, tremor, dissomnia, depression, pre-delirium signs. Psychosomatic concept was proposed for reasonable identification of intranosological AA clinical forms in narcological clinical course. Anorectic dipsomaniac conditions are explained pathogenetically with psychosomatic mechanisms of deviant addictive craving behaviour as pathopsychological target and patient's intentional complete or partial refuse food consumption in favour of real in time more quick and brutal attainment of alcoholic drunkenness (Ebrietas Alcogolica). This anorexia fabula draws AA closer to Anorexia Nervosa and mostly reflects compulsive obsession with alcohol use. Pathopsychological, psychosomatic, neurogenous mechanisms of alcoholic anorexia of drinking bout early stages are transformed gradually to post-intoxication alimentary, nervous, psychic exhaustion. Meanwhile, АА is valid for alcohol withdrawal syndrome diagnosis and plays situation relapsing role in alcoholizing prolongation.ConclusionsAlcoholic anorexia is starting to declare even at early stages of alcoholic addiction formation. It is more illustrative in periodically recurrent and exaggerating drinking bouts when dynamic intestinal obstruction risk is high. Findings obtained ground alcoholic anorexia attribution to urgent conditions with necessary integrated relieving therapy and secondary prevention.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Is there a relationship between morbid obesity and depression?
Authors: Ribera E. , Martínez L. , Pujol L. , Angelats M. , Ezquiaga I. , Grifell M. , Palma Á. , Belmonte E. , Pérez L. , Pérez-Solá V. , Salgado P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionA considerable proportion of patients with morbid obesity require treatment with antidepressants.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to determine the incidence of patients who are in antidepressant treatment and identify risk factors for the need of this treatment in patients with morbid obesity.Materials and methodsRetrospective cohort study of 292 patients with morbid obesity who underwent bariatric surgery at Hospital del Mar from January 2010 to November 2015. The incidence of antidepressant treatment was analyzed, and also its possible relationship with the following variables: age, sex, BMI, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and age of onset of obesity. Chi2 test for categorical variables and Student t-test for quantitative variables were applied. Afterwards, a multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression.ResultsThe mean age is 43.1 years. Most of the patients (76.4%) are women. Seventy-seven patients (26.4%) are receiving treatment with antidepressants. There is a statistically significant relationship between age and the need of treatment with antidepressants (P < 0.001). This relationship is still present when the variables are analyzed using logistic regression (P < 0.005, OR 1.049). We have not found any significant relationship with the rest of the variables.ConclusionsDespite the large number of patients in the study, there are limitations, such as being a retrospective study and not being adjusted for confounding factors. From all the variables that have been analyzed we have found that as the age of the patients increase, there is a higher number of patients that receive treatment with antidepressants.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Opinions of professionals and family members about the National mental health law regulating involuntary commitment of psychiatric patients: An international comparative study in 10 countries
Authors: Georgieva I. , Lauvrud C. , Almvik R. , Whittington R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPrevious research illustrated that the laws regulating involuntary placement and treatment of persons with mental health problems are very diverse across countries: procedures for involuntary commitment and stakeholders involved in the initiation and decision making vary across countries; most laws include criteria of danger/risk, which take various forms in EU Member States’ legal frameworks, while the need for treatment in the best interests of the patient is sufficient to detain individuals in other countries, etc.ObjectivesThis study will compare the opinions of professionals and family members about the operation of the National mental health law regulating forcibly admission and treatment of psychiatric patients in ten countries: Ireland, Iceland, UK, Romania, Slovenia, Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Norway and India.AimsTo gain insights into stakeholders’ satisfaction with the operation of their national legislation and to compare the effectiveness and acceptability of different legislative processes across countries. Such scientific findings are needed in order to improve and harmonize legal practices, and to enhance fundamental rights protection of persons with mental health problems, which eventually could result in a lower rate of compulsory admissions.MethodsA short anonymous questionnaire consisting of 9 items was developed, using the online software Survey Monkey. It was distributed to representative samples via e-mail to psychiatrists, general practitioners, acute and community mental health nurses, tribunal members, guards and family members in each collaborating country. The levels of agreement/disagreement were measured on a Likert- scale.Results/ConclusionsThe study's results and conclusions will be presented at the conference.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Neural functional correlates of empathic face processing: An activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of fMRI studies
Authors: Del Casale A. , Janiri D. , Kotzalidis G. , Giuseppin G. , Spinazzola E. , Maggiora M. , Rapinesi C. , Tamorri S.M. , Aragona M. , Puzella A. , Ferracuti S. , Pompili M. , Sani G. , Girardi P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEmpathy is evolutionary preserved in social organisms and emotional face processing is one of its measures. Systems possibly active during empathic processing include perspective-taking, basic emotional contagion “mirroring” and “theory of mind” systems.ObjectivesfMRI studies help clarifying neural correlates of empathic face processing; ALE meta-analysing fMRI studies allows identification of brain area activation/deactivation during empathy.AimsTo identify brain areas most consistently involved in empathy.MethodsWe carried ALE meta-analysis of original studies focusing on cerebral activations during empathic face processing tasks and reporting data on Talairach or MNI space coordinates, converting the former in the latter. An 11-April-2016 PubMed search, using as keywords terms like empathy combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), produced 124 records of which 23 were finally included (568 participants, 247 males and 321 females; mean age 32.2 years). We followed the PRISMA statement. Whole-brain data were meta-analysed; significance was set at P = 0.0001, uncorrected.ResultsALE meta-analysis of data from 21 experiments (totalling 527 foci) on empathic face processing during experimental task conditions showed that emotional vs. neutral/control conditions significantly correlated with activations of left anterior cingulate cortex (BA 32), right precentral gyrus (BA 6), left amygdala, right superior frontal gyrus (BA 9), left middle occipital gyrus (BA 37), right insula (BA 13), left putamen, and left posterior cingulate cortex (BA 31).ConclusionsEmpathy is a complex process correlating with activation of different brain areas, which have been involved in emotional cue processing, self-other/same-different discrimination, perspective-taking, mirror neuron activation, emotional arousal and decision-making.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
An analysis of emergency leaves of absence from a United Kingdom high secure psychiatric hospital with a view to identifying ways to reduce their number
Authors: Blott H. , Gordon C. , Bickford J. , Ross C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEmergency leaves of absence (ELOAs) from high secure psychiatric care are both costly and increase the risk posed to staff, patients and the general public. ELOAs were analysed to identify whether greater on-site physical health provision could reduce their number, and quantify the potential financial saving to the trust to do so.MethodAll ELOAs from Broadmoor hospital between 15.5.15–14.11.15 were assessed by a team of psychiatrists and a GP to identify whether they were “avoidable”, “unavoidable” or “potentially avoidable” if measures were taken. For the “potentially avoidable” group, we then calculated the staffing cost of these LoAs to help ascertain whether these measures would be cost effective.ResultsThere were 30 ELOAs during the period assessed, costing £79,240 (Table 1). The table also shows which additional on-site services or training may have prevented these ELOAs, and the cost saving to the trust if they had.ConclusionsThe number of ELOAs from the hospital could be reduced by increased on-site physical health provision and training. This would improve the quality of care patients receive, as well as reducing both the cost to the trust and the risk posed to staff, patients and the general public. We must also consider the large potential cost and risks associated with a patient absconding from an ELOA.
Somatic comorbidities are associated with poorer treatment outcome in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, independently of psychiatric comorbidities and other clinical factors
Authors: Simunovic Filipcic I. , Igor F. , Marijana B. , Matic K. , Ena I. , Antonija V. , Nikolina L. , Rudan D. , Zarko B. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIncreased somatic morbidities in schizophrenic patients and their association with HRQoL are well documented. Less is known about their association with schizophrenia treatment outcome.ObjectiveTo explore whether the number of somatic comorbidities is associated with poorer psychosis treatment outcome independently of psychiatric comorbidities and other clinical and socio-demographic parameters.AimTo improve understanding of association of somatic morbidities on treatment outcome of schizophrenic patients.MethodsThis nested-cross-sectional study was done during 2016 at Psychiatric hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb-Croatia on the sample of 301 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Outcomes were the number of psychiatric rehospitalizations since primary psychiatric diagnosis and the composite of significant improvement measured by CGI-S and the best self-rated health defined as 4th quartile of EQ-5D-5L VAS. Predictors were number of somatic and psychiatric comorbidities. By logistic regression, we controlled socio-demographic and clinical confounders.ResultsHaving two or more somatic comorbidities was significantly associated with the failure to achieve the composite of improvement. The number of somatic comorbidities was significantly associated with increase in psychiatric hospitalizations, even after the adjustment for psychiatric comorbidities and large number of clinical and socio-demographic variables.ConclusionsChronic somatic comorbidities are associated with poorer psychosis treatment outcome independently of psychiatric comorbidities and other factors. Therefore, to treat psychosis effectively it may be essential to treat chronic somatic comorbidities promptly and adequately. The integrative approach should be the imperative in clinical practice.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Therapy initiation during a first acute episode psychosis in the psychiatric department of Mahdia
Authors: Walid B. , Marrag I. , Ben Soussia R. , Ellouze F. , Nasr M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe quality of the therapeutic care during a first episode psychosis (FEP) determines the middle- and long-term prognosis.ObjectivesThe aim of our study is to describe the therapeutic attitudes in front of a FEP and discuss them according to current international recommendations.MethodsThis is a retrospective descriptive study. All patients with a FEP, hospitalized in the psychiatric department of the university hospital, Mahdia during the period from 15 May 2000 to 31 December 2013 have been included.ResultsWe recruited 111 patients. The average age was 27 years, a male predominance was noted. Initially, the majority of patients were treated in monotherapy (55.9%) and mostly with typical antipsychotic drugs (80.2%), by injection. Among those under association, 63.4% received corrective treatment and 26.8% a benzodiazepine. The prescription of a mood stabilizer and an antidepressant was noted in respectively 5.6 and 2.8% of cases. The majority of patients received typical antipsychotic drugs (53.1%) while 39.6% were under atypical antipsychotic. The follow-up period, after which a reduction of the antipsychotic dose was decided, ranged from 1 to 66 months with an average of 8.26.ConclusionThe progression to a chronic psychosis, still has a severe connotation. The Early and adequate therapeutic care in accordance with the international recommendations, determines the prognosis and constitute a decisive moment in the evolutionary trajectory of the disease.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Allocation schemes of resources with downgrading
Authors: Fricker Christine , Guillemin Fabrice , Robert Philippe , Thompson Guilherme 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We consider a server with large capacity delivering video files encoded in various resolutions. We assume that the system is under saturation in the sense that the total demand exceeds the server capacity C. In such a case, requests may be rejected. For the policies considered in this paper, instead of rejecting a video request, it is downgraded. When the occupancy of the server is above some value C0 < C, the server delivers the video at a minimal bit rate. The quantity C0 is the bit rate adaptation threshold. For these policies, request blocking is thus replaced with bit rate adaptation. Under the assumptions of Poisson request arrivals and exponential service times, we show that, by rescaling the system, a process associated with the occupancy of the server converges to some limiting process whose invariant distribution is computed explicitly. This allows us to derive an asymptotic expression of the key performance measure of such a policy, namely the equilibrium probability that a request is transmitted at requested bitrate. Numerical applications of these results are presented.
On the range of the transient frog model on ℤ
Authors: Ghosh Arka , Noren Steven , Roitershtein Alexander 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We observe the frog model, an infinite system of interacting random walks, on ℤ with an asymmetric underlying random walk. For certain initial frog distributions we construct an explicit formula for the moments of the leftmost visited site, as well as their asymptotic scaling limits as the drift of the underlying random walk vanishes. We also provide conditions in which the lower bound can be scaled to converge in probability to the degenerate distribution at 1 as the drift vanishes.
The social inefficiency of regulating indirect land use change due to biofuels
Authors: Khanna Madhu , Wang Weiwei , Hudiburg Tara W. , DeLucia Evan H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEfforts to reduce the indirect land use change (ILUC) -related carbon emissions caused by biofuels has led to inclusion of an ILUC factor as a part of the carbon intensity of biofuels in a Low Carbon Fuel Standard. While previous research has provided varying estimates of this ILUC factor, there has been no research examining the economic effects and additional carbon savings from including this factor in implementing a Low Carbon Fuel Standard. Here we show that inclusion of an ILUC factor in a national Low Carbon Fuel Standard led to additional abatement of cumulative emissions over 2007–2027 by 1.3 to 2.6% (0.6–1.1 billion mega-grams carbon-dioxide-equivalent (Mg CO2e−1) compared to those without an ILUC factor, depending on the ILUC factors utilized. The welfare cost to the US of this additional abatement ranged from $61 to $187 Mg CO2e−1 and was substantially greater than the social cost of carbon of $50 Mg CO2e−1.
Restructuring of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm architecture in response to antibiotic-induced stress
Authors: Dale Jennifer L. , Nilson Jennifer L. , Barnes Aaron M. T. , Dunny Gary M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBacterial biofilms are intrinsically resistant to antimicrobial treatment, which contributes to microbial persistence in clinical infections. Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and is the most prevalent enterococcal species identified in healthcare-associated infections. Since intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics is common for enterococci, and antibiotic resistance is elevated in biofilm populations, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms involved. Previously, we identified two glycosyltransferase genes whose disruption resulted in impaired nascent biofilm formation in the presence of antibiotic concentrations subinhibitory for parent growth and biofilm formation. The glycosyltransferases are involved in synthesis of the cell-wall-associated rhamnopolysaccharide Epa. Here we examined the effect of epa mutations on the temporal development of E. faecalis biofilms, and on the effects of antibiotics on pre-formed biofilms using scanning electron microscopy. We show that ΔepaOX mutant cells arrange into complex multidimensional biofilms independent of antibiotic exposure, while parent cells form biofilms that are monolayers in the absence of antibiotics. Remarkably, upon exposure to antibiotics parent biofilm cells restructure into complex three-dimensional biofilms resembling those of the ΔepaOX mutant without antibiotics. All biofilms exhibiting complex cellular architectures were less structurally stable than monolayer biofilms, with the biofilm cells exhibiting increased detachment. Our results indicate that E. faecalis biofilms restructure in response to cellular stress whether induced by antibiotics in the case of parent cells, or by deficiencies in Epa composition for the ΔepaOX strain. The data demonstrate a link between cellular architecture and antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis biofilms.
ABO blood type correlates with survival in hepatocellular carcinoma following hepatectomy
Authors: Wu Tao , Ma Xiao-An , Wang Guo-Qing , Li Qing , Li Miao-Jing , Guo Jin-Yue , Liang Xuan , Ruan Zhi-Ping , Tian Tao , Nan Ke-Jun , Liu Li-Na , Guo Hui 
Published: June 2017

AbstractABO blood types are associated with the prognosis of several malignancies. However, the role of the ABO blood type in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. Here, we evaluated the prognostic role of the ABO blood group in 691 HCC patients after hepatectomy by Cox regression analysis. A prognostic nomogram was generated to predict the 3 and 5-year overall survival (OS). A total of 262 HCC patients (37.9%) had blood group O, 199 (28.8%) had blood group A, 165 (23.9%) had blood group B, and 65 (9.4%) had blood group AB. The median OS was 55 months in patients with blood group O, 39 months for blood group A, 34 months for blood group B, and 34 months for blood group AB patients (P = 0.001, log-rank test). There were significant differences in OS between patients with blood groups O and A [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.416; 95% CI, 1.101–1.820; P = 0.007], blood group B (HR = 1.736; 95% CI, 1.333–2.262; P < 0.001), blood group AB (HR = 1.739; 95% CI, 1.210–2.499; P = 0.003) and non-O blood groups (HR = 1.485; 95% CI, 1.204–1.830; P < 0.001). Our constructed nomogram (c-index = 0.687) predicted the prognosis more accurately than the TNM stage alone(c-index = 0.601). In conclusion, non-O blood groups are poor prognostic indicators for HCC following hepatectomy. Our findings justify further external validation in larger cohorts.
Activation of hepatic stellate cells by the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1 protein secreted from hepatitis C virus-infected hepatocytes
Authors: Cheng Ju-Chien , Tseng Ching-Ping , Liao Mei-Huei , Peng Cheng-Yuan , Yu Jau-Song , Chuang Po-Heng , Huang Jing-Tang , Chen Jeremy J. W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection of hepatocytes promotes liver fibrosis by activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in liver tissue. Whether or not host factors released from the HCV-infected hepatocytes play role in HSCs activation is unclear. In this study, HSCs were activated by the conditioned medium derived from HCV replicon cells. Secretomic profiling of HCV replicon cells and the parental Huh7 cells revealed ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) as a novel secreted protein from HCV-infected hepatocytes. UCHL1 expression in hepatocytes was induced by HCV infection. UCHL1 was expressed in the liver and found in the plasma of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Molecular analysis by use of the anti-UCHL1 neutralization antibody and purified UCHL1 protein showed that secreted UCHL1 protein was bound to the cell surface of HSCs and activated JNK signaling leading to overexpression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and the activation of HSCs. These results provide further for understanding the underlying mechanism in HCV-mediated hepatic fibrogenesis.