bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible consequences of the sucrose replacement by a fructose-glucose syrup
Authors: Süli Judit , Hamarová Ingrid , Sobeková Anna 
Published: June 2017

The fructose-glucose syrup is currently used instead of sucrose in bakery products for economic and technological reasons. The authors investigated the extent to which this change affects the formation of non-enzymatic browning products (Advanced Glycation End - AGE-Products and melanoidins). Formation of these products in model systems - mixtures of various sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose - concentration 6%) with glycine (concentration 0.7%) or/and lysine (concentration 0.3%), heat-treated 60 - 100 °C for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min, was studied. The formation of AGE products and melanoidins was determined on the basis of absorption at 294 nm (AGE-products) and 420 nm (melanoidins), respectively. The results pointed out notable difference in the AGE-products and also melanoidins formation for a variety of sugars. The reactivity of sucrose was low even at 100 °C/60 min. Fructose and glucose originated a significantly increasing of the non-enzymatic browning products formation. The reactivity of fructose was in the caramelisation and also in Maillard reactions the highest in any combination of composition. Lysine is the most reactive amino acid which takes part in Maillard reactions even if it is bound to protein. The non-enzymatic browning reactions result in the formation of non-digestible cross-linked proteins. Lysine is also the limiting essential amino acid of most cereals. Due to the lysine properties, reduction in protein quality is the most important nutritional effect of Maillard reactions in food. The sucrose replacement by fructose-glucose syrup in bakery products leads to more extensive non-enzymatic browning reactions, i.e. caramelisation and also Maillard reactions, while changes are in the Maillard reaction more pronounced.
Probabilistic Grammar: The view from Cognitive Sociolinguistics
Authors: Claes Jeroen 
Published: June 2017

In this paper, I propose that Probabilistic Grammar may benefit from incorporating theoretical insights from Cognitive (Socio)Linguistics. I begin by introducing Cognitive Linguistics. Then, I propose a model of the domain-general cognitive constraints (markedness of coding, statistical preemption, and structural priming) that condition language (variation). Subsequently, three case studies are presented that test the predictions of this model on three distinct alternations in English and Spanish (variable agreement with existential haber, variable agreement with existential there be, and Spanish subject pronoun expression). For each case study, the model generates empirically correct predictions. I conclude that, with the support of Cognitive Sociolinguistics, Probabilistic Grammar may move beyond description towards explanation. This article is part of the special collection: Probabilistic grammars: Syntactic variation in a comparative perspective
HCV antigen instead of RNA testing to diagnose acute HCV in patients treated in the Dutch Acute HCV in HIV Study
Authors: Hullegie Sebastiaan J. , GeurtsvanKessel Corine H. , van der Eijk Annemiek A. , Ramakers Chris , Rijnders Bart J. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Affordable and sensitive screening methods for acute hepatitis C (HCV) are necessary to successfully intervene in the current HCV epidemic among HIV‐positive men having sex with men. HCV core antigen (Ag) testing has been proven effective in diagnosing chronic HCV‐infected patients at low costs. We studied the characteristics of HCV Ag testing in acute HCV‐infected HIV‐positive patients.Methods: Plasma samples were selected from acutely HCV genotype 1‐infected patients treated with peginterferon, ribavirin and boceprevir in the Dutch Acute HCV in HIV Study. The control group consisted of HIV‐positive patients with a newly raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (>41 U/L) in whom HCV RNA was undetectable and who were tested for HCV Ag. Spearman correlation coefficient between HCV RNA and HCV Ag was calculated together with the sensitivity and specificity of HCV Ag testing at acute HCV diagnosis.Results and discussion: Upon acute HCV diagnosis, HCV Ag was identified in 39 out of 44 patients with detectable HCV RNA levels. In all 23 control patients without detectable HCV RNA in plasma, HCV Ag was undetectable as well. This resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of HCV Ag of respectively 89% (95% CI 75–96) and 100% (95% CI 82–100). The correlation between HCV Ag and HCV RNA was 0.97 (p < 0.001) upon diagnosis.Conclusion: The data presented in this study suggest that HCV Ag testing is a sensitive and specific method that can be used in diagnosing AHCV in HIV‐infected patients.
Deforestation effects on Amazon forest resilience
Authors: Zemp D. C. , Schleussner C.‐F. , Barbosa H. M. J. , Rammig A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThrough vegetation‐atmosphere feedbacks, rainfall reductions as a result of Amazon deforestation could reduce the resilience on the remaining forest to perturbations and potentially lead to large‐scale Amazon forest loss. We track observation‐based water fluxes from sources (evapotranspiration) to sinks (rainfall) to assess the effect of deforestation on continental rainfall. By studying 21st century deforestation scenarios, we show that deforestation can reduce dry season rainfall by up to 20% far from the deforested area, namely, over the western Amazon basin and the La Plata basin. As a consequence, forest resilience is systematically eroded in the southwestern region covering a quarter of the current Amazon forest. Our findings suggest that the climatological effects of deforestation can lead to permanent forest loss in this region. We identify hot spot regions where forest loss should be avoided to maintain the ecological integrity of the Amazon forest.
Distributed sensing of ionospheric irregularities with a GNSS receiver array
Authors: Su Yang , Datta‐Barua Seebany , Bust Gary S. , Deshpande Kshitija B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present analysis methods for studying the structuring and motion of ionospheric irregularities at the subkilometer scale sizes that produce L band scintillations. Spaced‐receiver methods are used for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers' phase measurements over approximately subkilometer to kilometer length baselines for the first time. The quantities estimated by these techniques are plasma drift velocity, diffraction anisotropy magnitude and orientation, and characteristic velocity. Uncertainties are quantified by ensemble simulation of noise on the phase signals carried through to the observations of the spaced‐receiver linear system. These covariances are then propagated through to uncertainties on drifts through linearization about the estimated values of the state. Five receivers of SAGA, the Scintillation Auroral Global Positioning System (GPS) Array, provide 100 Hz power and phase data for each channel at L1 frequency. The array is sited in the auroral zone at Poker Flat Research Range, Alaska. A case study of a single scintillating satellite observed by the array is used to demonstrate the spaced‐receiver and uncertainty estimation process. A second case study estimates drifts as measured by multiple scintillating channels. These scintillations are correlated with auroral activity, based on all‐sky camera images. Measurements and uncertainty estimates made over a 30 min period are compared to a collocated incoherent scatter radar and show good agreement in horizontal drift speed and direction during periods of scintillation for which the characteristic velocity is less than the drift velocity.
Assembly of Ladies, The
Authors: Marshall Simone Celine 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

The Assembly of Ladies
is an anonymous Middle English poem that is largely derivative in content and form, combining courtly love themes and the debate genre popular in English secular poetry of the late medieval period. The poem is likely to have been composed in the early part of the fifteenth century, and survives in three manuscripts, London, British Library, Additional MS 34360, Warminster, Longleat House, MS 258, and Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.3.19, but none of these appear to be in the author's hand.
A
elred of
R
ievaulx
Authors: Bell David N. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Aelred (1110–67), educated at Durham and at the court of David I, king of Scots, was successively novice‐master at Rievaulx (1142–43), abbot of Revesby (1143–47), and abbot of Rievaulx (1147–67). As abbot, he was effective in administration, dedicated to his communities, and a spiritual master. He was the author of numerous historical, hagiographical, theological, and spiritual works, and played a major role in the intellectual, religious, and political life of twelfth‐century England. On his death, he was buried at Rievaulx and, though never formally canonized, became the center of a local cult.
Cleanness
Authors: Olsen Kenna L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCleannessis a fourteenth‐century poem believed to have written by theGawain‐poet. Structured like a sermon, it deals variously with aspects of physical and spiritual filth and “cleanness.” Through three main biblical exempla – Noah and the Flood, Sodom and Gomorrah, and Belshazzar's feast – the poet also contemplates obedience to God. The poem has, until recently, received minor scholarly attention; new editorial concern and interest in many of the poem's themes, such as sexism and violence, has increased interest in the poem itself.
A
rundel,
T
homas
Authors: James Sarah 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Thomas Arundel was one of the most important political and religious figures of the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries, occupying the positions of Archbishop of Canterbury and Chancellor of England under both Richard II and Henry IV. His political activities saw him take a leading role in the reforming parliaments of 1386 and 1388, yet he managed to retain the favour of Richard II throughout most of the 1390s. Having finally lost Richard's favour, along with the positions of Archbishop and Chancellor, he was exiled and allied himself with Henry Bolingbroke's cause, being instrumental in the deposition of Richard II and the coronation of Bolingbroke as Henry IV. Alongside his political acticities, Arundel was also actively engaged in the fight against the Lollard heresy. His Constitutions represent a significant contribution to England's antiheresy legislation, although the suppression of the Lollards was not their only concern.
Assembly of Gods, The
Authors: Reimer Stephen R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

The Assembly of Gods
is an anonymous late‐fifteenth‐century mythological allegory, representing the classical gods as champions of Vice warring against the forces of Virtue, and culminating in an explanation by Dame Doctrine of basic Christian ethical teachings and redemption history. While perhaps lacking the charm and courtliness of a Chaucerian dream‐vision, and presenting a somewhat austere version of Christian rectitude,
The Assembly
is quite a good example of the sort of learned allegory which was something of a staple of fifteenth‐century English literature. It was highly regarded in its time, and had significant influence upon Stephen Hawes and other writers of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century, and also has significant parallels with English morality plays such as
Everyman
and
Mankind
.
Arthur: “Historical”
Authors: Higham Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractKing Arthur is one of the best‐known figures of the Middle Ages, but there is much doubt as to whether or not he should be considered historical. Several different “original” Arthurs have been proposed, beginning with the classical world, but attention has generally focused on a small number of Welsh texts and attempts to identify a King Arthur in the decades around 500CE. Most academics today are disinclined to include Arthur in their histories but few actively exclude him, leaving him on the margins of history, myth, and legend.
CânRolant/The Song ofRoland
Authors: Rejhon Annalee C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCân Rolant, the medieval Welsh version of the Old French epic poem, theSong of Roland,is found in ten manuscripts and makes up one of four texts that constitute the Welsh Charlemagne cycle. Manuscript colophons reveal key names associated with the translations: Reginald, king of Man and the Western Isles, Madawc ap Selyf, and Gruffudd ap Maredudd.
Alfred the Great
Authors: Discenza Nicole Guenther 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlfred the Great lived from the late 840s to 899 and was king of Wessex (871–99). He preserved and strengthened Wessex against the Vikings, prepared the way for a single kingdom of England, and made significant contributions to law, literature, and learning. His law code preserves his own laws and those of his predecessor, Ine. In his preface to the Old EnglishPastoral Care, Alfred announced a program to translate Latin texts into Old English and educate young men who could be spared from work to read in English. He himself is credited with four translations: thePastoral Care, theBoethius, theSoliloquies, and the first 50 Psalms. His patronage may have supported Wærferth's translation of Gregory the Great'sDialogues, the Old EnglishOrosius, the Anglo‐Saxon Chronicle, Asser's LatinLife of Alfred, the Old EnglishBede, and the production of art objects.
Anglo‐Saxon Riddles
Authors: Wilcox Jonathan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRiddles survive from Anglo‐Saxon England in both Latin and Old English. Collections of 100 Latin verse riddles were written by Aldhelm and by Tatwine/Eusebius, while further Anglo‐Latin riddles circulated in other contexts. A substantial collection of riddles in Old English verse survive in the Exeter Book. These describe a range of different objects, described using a range of different techniques. They provide insight into the material culture of Anglo‐Saxon England, into Old English poetic technique and linguistic consciousness (with some clues exploiting the use of runes), and into an Anglo‐Saxon sense of playfulness.
Arthur andGorlagon
Authors: Ward Renée 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe tale commonly known asArthur and Gorlagon, which survives in only one copy, is one of the least studied and most problematic of the Latin Arthurian romances. Through its fusion of an Arthurian quest narrative with a folk‐based werewolf story, the Latin text raises, and presents no easy answers to, questions concerning genre; high and low cultures; kingship and rule; human identity; and misogyny. Late twentieth‐ and early twenty‐first century revisionary studies draw attention to the text's cultural contexts and readdress questions of its generic identity.
AncreneWisse
Authors: Gunn Cate 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAncrene Wisseis an important text in early Middle English, written originally at the request of three sisters who required guidance in the vocation of recluses they had chosen. It is important as a guide to the anchoritic life and spirituality but also contains advice that was applicable to a wider readership. It remained popular, in the original English, and in Latin and French translation, for three centuries.
Complex and High‐Dimensional Inference in Astrostatistics
Authors: Cisewski Jessi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAstrostatistics is a field that seeks to develop and employ statistical methodology for problems in astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology. Owing to the complexities of our Universe and the increasing quantity and quality of data, astrostatistics inference problems are becoming increasingly complex and high‐dimensional, requiring advanced statistical methods. This article touches upon two areas of statistics that have had fruitful applications in astronomy: hierarchical Bayesian modeling and topological data analysis.
Health Technology Assessment
Authors: Ciani Oriana , Taylor Rod S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Health technology assessment (HTA) is a paradigm that has spread internationally in order to promote the search for evidence and justification about the multidimensional value of new and existing technologies in order to support funding, coverage, and reimbursement decisions around health technologies. The definition of HTA highlights its multidisciplinary nature, its application analytical frameworks drawing on a variety of research methods, and the close link with the policy‐ and decision‐making phase. While the funding, remit, and practice of HTA vary across countries and agencies, it typically involves a comparative effectiveness evaluation and, very often, a cost‐effectiveness analysis of the treatment options and core process of prioritization, assessment, appraisal, dissemination, and monitoring up until new evidence calls for a reassessment. The contribution of all relevant stakeholders and the public and patient involvement are strongly encouraged throughout all these steps. There is a growing demand for HTA to develop increased standards of transparency, harmonization of methods and process, improved data integration, and more efficient cooperation of agencies worldwide.
Experimental Studies in Exercise Science: A Protocol to Enhance Reliability
Authors: Verma J. P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article discusses various issues that are required to be taken care of by the researchers in exercise science in order to increase the validity of findings. In any experimental study where the effect of one or two factors is studied simultaneously on some dependent variable, three different types of variance need to be controlled. The first is the systematic variance that is required to be enhanced by scientifically choosing different levels of the independent variable by the researcher. The second issue is the extraneous variance that needs to be controlled using the nonexperimental and/or experimental design procedures. The nonexperimental procedures include randomization, elimination, and matching, whereas experimental procedures include blocking, analysis of covariance, and repeated measures designs. Finally, the third source of variance that is known aserror varianceis controlled using sophisticated equipments and following proper procedures in data collection. The steps taken to control the extraneous variance also reduce error variance simultaneously. Control of extraneous and minimising error variances provide systematic variance a chance to show the significance. Besides design issues, another issue that enhances the authenticity of findings is determining the sample size for desired power and appropriate effect size in the study for specific Type I and Type II errors. Thus, by maximizing systematic variance, controlling extraneous, and minimizing error variances, the researcher can enhance external and internal variabilities in their research experiments and deduce with a certain power that the effect if visible is actually due to the treatment.
New Medical Applications of Plant Secondary Metabolites (FromAPRVolume 3)
Authors: Heilmann Jörg , Bauer Rudolf 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionCompounds with Anticancer ActivityAntiviral CompoundsAntimalarial DrugsAnti‐Inflammatory DrugsAntidepressant DrugsAnti‐Ischaemic DrugsImmunostimulatory DrugsConclusion
Bacterial Pathogenicity
Authors: Huguet Elisabeth 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionTo Become a Successful PhytopathogenFeatures of the Hrp TypeIIIPathway that are Conserved with TypeIIISecretion Systems in Animal PathogensSpecific Aspects of TypeIIIProtein Secretion in Plant Pathogenic BacteriaConcluding RemarksAcknowledgements
Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes via Radical 1,4‐Aryl Migration/Trifluoromethylthiolation Cascade Reaction of Aryl Propynyl Ethers
Authors: Guo Chun‐Huan , Chen Dao‐Qian , Chen Si , Liu Xue‐Yuan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA one‐pot synthesis of tetrasubstituted acrylaldehydes via difunctionalization of aryl propynyl ethers has been achieved, which involves a trifluoromethylthiolation process and a radical 1,4‐aryl migration from oxygen to carbon. The reaction shows excellent conversion of aryl propynyl ethers into trifluoromethyl‐containing α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes through a radical pathway.magnified image
Developing a landscape‐scale, multi‐species, and cost‐efficient conservation strategy for imperilled aquatic species in the Upper Tennessee River Basin, USA
Authors: Smith David R. , Butler Robert S. , Jones Jess W. , Gatenby Catherine M. , Hylton Roberta E. , Parkin Mary J. , Schulz Cindy A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Strategic conservation of imperilled species faces several major challenges including uncertainty in species response to management actions, budgetary constraints that limit options, and the need to scale expected conservation benefits from local to landscape levels and from single to multiple species.
A structured decision‐making process was applied to address these challenges and identify a cost‐effective conservation strategy for the Federally listed endangered and threatened aquatic species in the Upper Tennessee River Basin (UTRB). The UTRB, which encompasses a landscape of ~58 000 km2, primarily in western North Carolina, eastern Tennessee, and south‐western Virginia, harbours one of the most globally diverse assemblages of freshwater fishes and mussels at temperate latitudes. To develop a strategy for conservation of 12 fish species and 24 mussel species over a 20‐year period, a management strategy that would best recover these species was identified given costs and uncertainty in management effectiveness.
The main insights came from a trade‐off analysis that compared alternative allocations of effort among management actions. A strategy emphasizing population management, which included propagation and translocation, performed best across a wide range of objective weightings and was robust to uncertainty in management effectiveness. Species prioritization was based on the expected conservation benefit from the best performing strategy, degree of imperilment, and species‐specific management costs. Sub‐basin prioritization was based on expected conservation benefit from the best performing strategy and feasibility of habitat management and threat abatement.
Although the strategy was developed for imperilled aquatic species in the UTRB, the structured process is applicable for developing cost‐efficient strategies to conserve multiple species across a landscape under uncertain management effectiveness. The process can assist a manager with limited resources to understand which species to work on, where to conduct that work, and what work would be most beneficial for those species in those catchments.
Crystal Population Growth in a Continuous Helically Coiled Flow Tube Crystallizer
Authors: Wiedmeyer Viktoria , Voigt Andreas , Sundmacher Kai 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA helically coiled flow tube crystallizer was investigated as a novel device for the shape‐selective generation of crystals with potassium alum as the model solid. The shape evolution of the crystal population was analyzed for growth‐dominated seeded cooling crystallization. The macro‐mixing behavior was characterized by residence time distribution measurements for the fluid phase and the crystals. At the crystallizer outlet, a flow‐through microscope was used to analyze the crystal size and shape distribution, where the 3D shape of individual crystals was estimated from 2D projections. The experiments showed a separation of the particle population according to the crystal size. This process allows the controlled shaping of crystals under continuous operating conditions.