bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Challenges and Opportunities in Translation : An African Experience
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Bedu, Ahmed Mohammed Bedu, 
Published: September 2024

The Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolution has become a reality in today’s world and its importance for linguistics was recognized very early. Despite its unprecedent surge and integration into various academic fields including language teaching and translation, surprisingly, little work has been done by scholars in advancing discussions on the profound impact of the AI on the diversity of widely available languages in both developed and developing world.
Africa is linguistically diverse continent with about one third of the world’s languages that are vastly underrepresented in the
global digital data pool. AI translation machine is supported in only 25 languages out of over 2000 languages in the continent. The paper deploys homomorphism model of AI theory to interrogate the natural language data drawn the African languages to present the current and future challenges, opportunities and potential for developing AI algorithms that could fit neatly into the translation of the African languages. Most of the discussions in the paper focuses on the seven patterns of the AI, the usage and implementation of AI algorithms in the translation science. The research findings show some of the complexities of the African languages in which their syntactic categories have multiple corresponding semantic objects. Unlike English, the findings also reveal that syntactic operation in the African languages do not always have one corresponding semantic operation as postulated by the homomorphism model of AI theory. the study contributes to scholarly literature by stressing the limits and opportunities that relate to using AI in translation science and supplying input from NLP algorithms practitioners to expand the AI applicability operation in the translation science.
PREPARO DO CANAL RADICULAR COM SISTEMA PRODESIGN LOGIC - RELATO DE CASO CLÍNICO
Authors: Travassos Rosana Maria Coelho , Silva Luciano Barreto , Santos Pedro Guimarães Sampaio Trajano Dos , Ribeiro Adriana da Costa , Araújo Vanessa Lessa Cavalcanti de , Melo Júnior Paulo Maurício Reis de , Veloso Heloisa Helena Pinho , Ataíde Juliana Perez Leyva , Cunha Rodolfo Scavuzzi Carneiro , Ataíde Filho Ailton Coelho de , Marques Filho Eudoro de Queiroz 
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to describe the preparation of root canals with a rotary system in a maxillary premolar. A 26-year-old patient, classified as ASA I, attended the Faculty of Dentistry of Pernambuco – FOP due to the presence of spontaneous pain in the region of the upper left first premolar. After clinical, radiographic examinations and sensitivity tests with an intense response, it was concluded that the probable diagnosis was symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. The preparation of the root canal was carried out with the ProDesign Logic rotary system and for this purpose, the Glide Path 25.01 file was used in order to explore the buccal and palatal canals. Odontometry was performed with the Root ZX apical locator (J.Morita) and confirmed by the radiographic method. The filling of the root canal system was performed using the single cone technique, 30.05 (HB). The final x-ray of the case was performed. It was concluded that the ProDesign Logic system determined a good shape of the canals, thus facilitating the filling of the root canal system.
Characterization of cumulus cloud fields using trajectories in the center of gravity versus water mass phase space: 1. Cloud tracking and phase space description
Authors: Heiblum Reuven H. , Altaratz Orit , Koren Ilan , Feingold Graham , Kostinski Alexander B. , Khain Alexander P. , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Fredj Erick , Dagan Guy , Pinto Lital , Yaish Ricki , Chen Qian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe study the evolution of warm convective cloud fields using large eddy simulations of continental and trade cumulus. Individual clouds are tracked a posteriori from formation to dissipation using a 3‐D cloud‐tracking algorithm, and results are presented in the phase space of center of gravity altitude versus cloud liquid water mass (CvM space). The CvM space is shown to contain rich information on cloud field characteristics, cloud morphology, and common cloud development pathways, together facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the cloud field. In this part we show how the meteorological (thermodynamic) conditions that determine the cloud properties are projected on the CvM phase space and how changes in the initial conditions affect the clouds' trajectories in this space. This part sets the stage for a detailed microphysical analysis that will be shown in part II.
Temporal and spatial patterns of air temperature in a coastal city with a slope base setting
Authors: Guan Huade , Kumar Vinodkumar , Clay Roger , Kent Christopher , Bennett John , Ewenz Caecilia , Hopkins Graeme , Simmons Craig T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn coastal cities with a slope base setting, effects of sea breeze and cold air drainage superpose on top of the urban heat island (UHI) effect. It is difficult to articulate the urbanization effect which, however, is important in developing summer heat mitigation solutions. The aim of this study is to address this challenge by investigating the temporal and spatial distribution of air temperature in the Adelaide metropolitan area of South Australia based on data from a monitoring network in 2011–2013. The results indicate that the dominant influence on the spatial variability of air temperature in winter is the urban heat island effect, followed by the prevailing nighttime northeasterly wind and cold air drainage. In summer, the dominant influence comes from daytime sea breezes, followed by the urban heat island effect, and the prevailing southeasterly nighttime wind. The urban heat island intensity is estimated based on various references where the influence of other factors is minimal. A clear nighttime urban heat island is observed over the Adelaide metropolitan area, with a mean intensity of 2.5°C for both summer and winter. The daytime urban heat island is not clear. On hot days, the city center develops a dominant nighttime urban heat island about 4°C warmer than the coast, stronger than an average summer night. Given multiple influences on the thermal climate in the Adelaide metropolitan area, it is suggested that the unique 500 m wide Adelaide parkland belt surrounding the city center be used as a reference to evaluate the Adelaide city center urban heat island in summer. A rural station, Edinburgh, can be used to evaluate the nighttime urban heat island intensity in the study area.
Allogeneic transplantation is not superior to chemotherapy in most patients over 40 years of age with Philadelphia‐negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission
Authors: Wolach Ofir , Stevenson Kristen E. , Wadleigh Martha , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Steensma David P. , Ballen Karen K. , Soiffer Robert J. , Antin Joseph H. , Neuberg Donna S. , Ho Vincent T. , Stone Richard M. 
Published: May 2016

Survival of patients ≥40 years of age with Philadelphia‐negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains poor with current therapeutic approaches. It is unknown whether allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (HSCT) in first remission confers a survival benefit compared to a chemotherapy‐only approach. We retrospectively compared the outcome of patients >40 years treated with HSCT or chemotherapy alone in first remission (n = 40 in each cohort). Three‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were not significantly different between the chemotherapy‐only and HSCT groups (OS, 46% [31–68] vs. 40% [27–59], P = 0.35; DFS, 31% [18–52] vs. 40% [27–59], P = 0.98). The 3‐year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and non‐relapse mortality (NRM) were 61% [41–76] and 9% [2–21] for the chemotherapy‐only group and 28% [15–43] and 32% [17–47] for the transplant group (CIR, P = 0.011; NRM, P = 0.014). Allogeneic transplantation for patients ≥40 years with Ph‐negative ALL in first remission is associated with a lower CIR, but this benefit is offset by considerable NRM as compared with chemotherapy‐only approach. HSCT may be beneficial in patients with high‐risk disease features. Am. J. Hematol. 91:793–799, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of Malassezia and Common Fungal Pathogens in Subtypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Gelber Jonathan T. , Cope Emily K. , Goldberg Andrew N. , Pletcher Steven D. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundFungal hypersensitivity and fungal microbiome dysbiosis are possible etiologies of chronic rhinosinusitis. The sinus fungal microbiome is not well characterized; novel sinus‐associated fungi, including Malassezia, have only recently been described. The goals for this study were to verify Malassezia as a dominant component of the sinus microbiome, to speciate sinus Malassezia, and to compare select fungal species in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) subtypes with known fungal association to chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP) and healthy controls.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients were enrolled and categorized as CRSwNP (n = 15), fungus ball (n = 3), allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS, n = 3), or healthy control (n = 7). Brush samples were taken from ethmoid or maxillary sinus mucosa and tested for DNA from 7 index fungi using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Index fungal species were chosen based on existing data of the sinus fungal microbiome.ResultsMalassezia species were detected in 68% of patients, without variation among clinical phenotypes (p > 0.99). Malassezia restricta was more commonly detected than Malassezia globosa (p = 0.029). Presence of one Malassezia species predicted the presence of the other (p = 0.035). Aspergillus was identified in 2 of 3 of fungus ball patients (both A. fumigatus) and 2 of 3 AFRS patients (1 A. fumigatus and 1 A. flavus). Aspergillus was absent in control and CRSwNP patients (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study confirmed and speciated Malassezia in healthy and diseased sinuses. Presence of Malassezia species in all groups suggests a commensal role for the fungus. Future work will determine whether Malassezia influences CRS pathogenesis. Aspergillus species were identified in fungal CRS subtypes despite negative surgical cultures, highlighting the importance of culture‐independent technology.
AGORA, a data‐ and biobank for birth defects and childhood cancer
Authors: van Rooij Iris A.L.M. , van der Zanden Loes F.M. , Bongers Ernie M.H.F. , Renkema Kirsten Y. , Wijers Charlotte H.W. , Thonissen Michelle , Dokter Elisabeth M.J. , Marcelis Carlo L.M. , de Blaauw Ivo , Wijnen Marc H.W.A. , Hoogerbrugge Peter M. , Bokkerink Jos P.M. , Schreuder Michiel F. , Koster‐Kamphuis Linda , Cornelissen Elisabeth A.M. , Kapusta Livia , van Heijst Arno F.J. , Liem Kian D. , de Gier Robert P.E. , Kuijpers‐Jagtman Anne Marie , Admiraal Ronald J.C. , Bergé Stefaan J. , van der Biezen Jan Jaap , Verdonck An , Vander Poorten Vincent , Hens Greet , Roosenboom Jasmien , Lilien Marc R. , de Jong Tom P. , Broens Paul , Wijnen Rene , Brooks Alice , Franke Barbara , Brunner Han G. , Carels Carine E.L. , Knoers Nine V.A.M. , Feitz Wout F.J. , Roeleveld Nel 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDResearch regarding the etiology of birth defects and childhood cancer is essential to develop preventive measures, but often requires large study populations. Therefore, we established the AGORA data‐ and biobank in the Netherlands. In this study, we describe its rationale, design, and ongoing data collection.METHODSChildren diagnosed with and/or treated for a structural birth defect or childhood cancer and their parents are invited to participate in the AGORA data‐ and biobank. Controls are recruited through random sampling from municipal registries. The parents receive questionnaires about demographics, family and pregnancy history, health status, prescribed medication, lifestyle, and occupational exposures before and during the index pregnancy. In addition, blood or saliva is collected from children and parents, while medical records are reviewed for diagnostic information.RESULTSSo far, we have collected data from over 6,860 families (3,747 birth defects, 905 childhood cancers, and 2,208 controls). The types of birth defects vary widely and comprise malformations of the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts as well as facial, cardiovascular, kidney, skeletal, and central nervous system anomalies. The most frequently occurring childhood cancer types are acute lymphatic leukemia, Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, Wilms’ tumor, and brain and spinal cord tumors. Our genetic and/or epidemiologic studies have been focused on hypospadias, anorectal malformations, congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), and orofacial clefts.CONCLUSIONThe large AGORA data‐ and biobank offers great opportunities for investigating genetic and nongenetic risk factors for disorders in children and is open to collaborative initiatives. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:675–684, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic Code Expansion by Degeneracy Reprogramming of Arginyl Codons
Authors: Lee Ki Baek , Hou Chen Yuan , Kim Chae‐Eun , Kim Dong‐Myung , Suga Hiroaki , Kang Taek Jin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe genetic code in most organisms codes for 20 proteinogenic amino acids or translation stop. In order to encode more than 20 amino acids in the coding system, one of stop codons is usually reprogrammed to encode a non‐proteinogenic amino acid. Although this approach works, usually only one amino acid is added to the amino acid repertoire. In this study, we incorporated non‐proteinogenic amino acids into a protein by using a sense codon. As all the codons are allocated in the universal genetic code, we destroyed all the tRNAArg in a cell‐free protein synthesis system by using a tRNAArg‐specific tRNase, colicin D. Then by supplementing the system with tRNACCU, the translation system was partially restored. Through this creative destruction, reprogrammable codons were successfully created in the system to encode modified lysines along with the 20 proteinogenic amino acids.
ChemInform Abstract: RAMAN SPECTRA OF POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE AND POTASSIUM PERBROMATE IN ANHYDROUS HYDROGEN FLUORIDE AND THE ACID STRENGTHS OF PERCHLORIC AND PERBROMIC ACIDS
Authors: STEIN L. , APPELMAN E. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie quantitative Analyse der Spektren als Funktion der Konzentration erlaubt die Bestimmung der Gleichgewichtskonstanten für die Protonierung.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF FLUORIDE ION ON THE ANODIC GRAPHITE OXIDATION IN ALKALI METAL CHLORIDE ELECTROLYTE
Authors: JUREWICZ J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei Zugabe kleiner Mengen von NH4F ( ;z.B. 0.5 g/l) zur NaCl‐Lösung sinkt die Cl2‐Ausbeute zugunsten der O2‐Ausbeute.
ChemInform Abstract: PROTON EXCHANGE IN THE BASE‐CATALYZED AMMONIATION OF THE TRANS‐DICHLOROTETRAAMMINECOBALT(III) CATION
Authors: BALT S. , GAMELKOORN H. J. , KUIPERS H. J. A. M. , RENKEMA W. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie zwischen ‐40 und ‐60 °C in flüssigem NH3 untersuchte Reaktion A läuft, wie durch 15NH3‐Markierung gezeigt wird, nach einem zweistufigen konjugierten Basen‐Mechanismus unter 98proz. stereochemischer Retention ab.
ChemInform Abstract: Photodecomposition of Liquid Water with TiO2‐Supported Noble Metal Clusters.
Authors: YESODHARAN E. , GRAETZEL M. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRh‐ und Ru‐beladene TiO2‐Teilchen wurden durch Imprägnieren mit gelösten Cluster‐ Vorläufern [Rh6(CO)16Ru3(CO)12] hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF COORDINATIVELY SATURATED COMPLEX FLUORO CATIONS. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CLF6+ASF6‐ AND CLF6+SBF6‐
Authors: CHRISTE K. O. , WILSON W. W. , CURTIS E. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReines ClF6+AsF6‐ läßt sich durch Umsetzen von KrF2 mit ClF5 und AsF5 in ClF5‐ oder wasserfreier HF‐Lösung als weißer, kristalliner Festkörper darstellen, der unter dynamischem Vakuum bis 110°C stabil ist.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXATION OF ZINC TETRAPHENYLPORPHYRIN BY ADSORBED POLY(4‐VINYLPYRIDINE): EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES
Authors: BECKER D. S. , HAYES R. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Gleichgewichtskonstanten der reversiblen Komplexierung von Tetraphenylporphinato‐Zn mit Poly‐(4‐vinyl‐pyridin) wurden sowohl in Lösung als auch in einem System gemessen, in dem das Polymere an der Oberfläche von verschmolzener Kieselsäure adsorbiert ist.
ChemInform Abstract: DOMINANCE OF THE PROXIMITY EFFECT OF COMPLEXATION OVER RESONANCE AND INDUCTIVE EFFECTS IN DIRECTING A METALATION: REGIOSPECIFIC β LITHIATION OF N,N‐DIISOPROPYLCYCLOHEX‐3‐ENECARBOXAMIDE AND OF N,N‐DIISOPROPYL‐2‐METHYLPENT‐3‐ENECARBOXAMIDE
Authors: BEAK P. , HUNTER J. E. , JUN Y. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWährend die Einwirkung von Na‐dimsylat auf (III) über das erwartete Enolat (II) zu dem deuterierten Isomeren (I) führt, erhält man bei Lithiierung von (III) in Gegenwart von Tetramethylendiamin durch β‐Metallierung (IV), das mit elektrophilen Verbindungen (organischen Halogeniden, Aceton, D2O) zu den Isomeren (V) und (VI) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS OF CYCLOALKENONES. 3. EFFECTS OF SPECIFIC REACTION PARAMETERS
Authors: FRINGUELLI F. , PIZZO F. , TATICCHI A. , WENKERT E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion zwischen Dienen (I) und den Cycloalkenonen (II)‐(IV) zu Addukten wie (V) wird systematisch bearbeitet.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE PHOTOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF N,N′‐DIMETHYLINDOLO(2,3‐C)CARBAZOLE AND THE MECHANISM OF ITS FORMATION FROM N,N′‐DIMETHYL‐N,N′‐DIPHENYL‐1,4‐PHENYLENEDIAMINE
Authors: WELLER H. , GRELLMANN K.‐H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn einer 2‐Photonenreaktion geht das Phenylendiamin (I) nach intermediärer Bildung des Carbazols (II) in das Indolocarbazol (III) über, wobei die Anwesenheit von O2 unerläßlich ist, und sich für einen O2 Gehalt von 0.5‐2% maximale Quantenausbeute für die Entstehung von (III) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF PHOTOACTIVE CHARGE‐TRANSFER COMPLEXES BETWEEN METHYL VIOLOGEN AND SACRIFICAL ELECTRON DONORS. EDTA AND TRIETHANOLAMINE
Authors: HOFFMAN M. Z. , PRASAD D. R. , JONES G. II , MALBA V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMethylviologen MV2+ (1,1′‐Dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium) als Chlorid bildet mit EDTA und Triethanolamin photoaktive Ladungsübertragungskomplexe, deren Photolyse bei 366 nm das stabile Kation MV+· liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL SILICON‐PROMOTED CYCLOALKYLATION OF ALKENYLMETAL DERIVATIVES
Authors: NEGISHI E. , BOARDMAN L. D. , TOUR J. M. , SAWADA H. , RAND C. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Synthese von Fünf‐ und Sechsringen erfordert eine Modifikation des Substrats und andere Reaktionsbedingungen: Bildung der Cycloalkan‐Derivate (XIVa) und (XVI) aus den Iodalkenen (XIIIb) bzw. (XV).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF SOME 8‐OXA DERIVATIVES OF 2,4‐DIENOIC ACID ESTERS
Authors: STREINZ L. , ROMANUK M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAusgehend von dem aus Propargylalkohol (I) und Crotonaldehyd (II) dargestellten Aldehyd (III) werden die Juvenoide (VI) und (X), sowie das Ethylketon (VIII) wie im Formelschema angegeben synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIZATION OF POLYENES. 38. PREPARATION OF ENANTIOMERICALLY PURE 1‐HYDROXYNEOCEMBRENES TO DETERMINE THE UNSOLVED ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION OF CEMBRENOIDS
Authors: AOKI M. , UYEHARA T. , KATO T. , KABUTO K. , YAMAGUCHI S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas aus Geranylgeraniumsäurechlorid herstellbare vierzehngliedrige D,L‐Ringketon(I) wird durch Reduktion mit dem (+)‐Carvon‐Lithiumaluminiumhydrid‐Komplex enantioselektiv zu einem Gemisch der beiden Alkohole (II) und (III) reduziert, von denen der im Überschuß vorliegende Alkohol (III) nach Reinigung über das d‐Menthoxyacetat mit Lithium in Ethylamin zum bekannten (‐)‐Neocembren (IV) reduziert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: RING TRANSFORMATION OF 4‐AMINO‐1H‐1,5‐BENZODIAZEPINE‐3‐CARBONITRILE. II. FORMATION OF RING‐OPENED HYDRAZINE ADDUCTS
Authors: OKAMOTO Y. , UEDA T. , TAKAGI K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas Benzodiazepin (I) reagiert mit Hydrazinen zu den Hydrazonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACKS ON ACTIVATED 9‐METHYLENEFLUORENES. APPLICATION OF THE RITCHIE EQUATION TO LOW‐LYING LUMO SUBSTRATES
Authors: HOZ S. , SPEIZMAN D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNucleophile Additionsreaktionen an die aktivierten 9‐Methylen‐fluorene (I) werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC 9‐HYDROXYLATION OF ANTHRACYCLINONES. TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (+)‐4‐DEMETHOXYDAUNOMYCINONE
Authors: DOMINGUEZ D. , CAVA M. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie beiden Daunomycinderivate (I) werden zu (II) bromiert und zu den Olefinen (III) debromiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC 5‐NITRO‐2‐FURYLAMINES AND AROMATIC 5‐NITROFURFURYL ETHERS
Authors: MOCELO R. , KOVAC J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch entsprechende Substitutionsreaktionen wurden aus dem Nitrofurfurylbromid (Ia) die Verbindungen (Ib), (III), (V), (VI) und (VIII) sowie (mit 2‐Amino‐phenol) (V) (Z2: 2‐NH2) und (VI) (Z2: 2‐OH) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: INDOLE β‐NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION. PART 7. β‐HALOGENATION OF INDOLES. ATTEMPTED INTRAMOLECULAR β‐NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION OF α‐ARYLINDOLES
Authors: DALTON L. , HUMPHREY G. L. , COOPER M. M. , JOULE J. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEs wird die Möglichkeit der intramolekularen nucleophilen β‐Substitution von 2‐Aryl‐1‐phenylsulfonylindolen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐1‐aryl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐ones.
Authors: HYATT J. A. , MAGGUILLI C. A. , FRENCH S. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus β‐Nitropropionsäureethylester (I) entstehen in Gegenwart von Alkoholat mit Diazoniumsalzen (II) die Hydrazone (III), die nach katalytischer Hydrierung zu (IV) zu den Pyrazolinonen (V) cyclokondensieren.
ChemInform Abstract: Anticonvulsant Property of Substituted 5‐Aryltetrazol‐2‐ylacetylcarbamides.
Authors: JAISWAL R. K. , JAISWAL N. , PARMAR S. S. , JAMES E. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus den Nitrilen (I) erhält man mit Natriumazid die Tetrazole (II), die mit den aus den Aminen (V) über die Harnstoffe (VI) zugänglichen Chloracetyl‐harnstoffen (III) zu (IV) kondensiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REDOX‐PHOTOSENSITIZED REACTIONS. 10. FORMATION OF A NOVEL TYPE OF ADDUCT BETWEEN AN NADH MODEL AND CARBONYL COMPOUNDS BY PHOTOSENSITIZATION USING RU(BPY)32+
Authors: ISHITANI O. , PAC C. , SAKURAI H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUnter Ru‐Katalyse erhält man aus 1‐Benzyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐nicotinamid (I) mit den Oxoverbindungen (II) neben den Reduktionsprodukten (VI) entsprechende Addukte wie (IIIe) bzw. (IV) sowie das Dimere (V).
ChemInform Abstract: ACTIVATED NITRILES IN HETEROCYCLIC SYNTHESIS. A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF PYRAZOLO(1,5‐A)PYRIMIDINES AND PYRANO(2,3‐C)PYRAZOLES
Authors: ELFAHHAM H. A. , ABDEL‐GALIL F. M. , IBRAHEIM Y. R. , ELNAGDI M. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Aminopyrazole (II) bzw. ‐pyrazolone (VI) und (IX) werden in der angegebenen Weise unter Bildung von Pyrazolopyrimidinen und Pyranopyrazolen mit den aktivierten Zimtsäurenitrilen (I) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF 5‐HYDROXY‐6‐(HYDROXYALKYL)URACILS. SYNTHESIS OF SPIRO(PYRIMIDINE‐4,2′‐PYRANO(3,2‐D)PYRIMIDINES)
Authors: SASSON I. M. , GAGNIER R. P. , OTTER B. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem Uracil (I) entsteht mit Pyridin in Methanol intermediär das Methylen‐keton (II), das mit Alkali in (III) übergeht, sonst aber zu (IV) dimerisiert, aus dem das stabile (V) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL APPLICATION OF THE “T‐AMINO EFFECT” IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY; SYNTHESIS OF 5H‐PYRROLO‐ AND 1H,6H‐PYRIDO(1,2‐α)(3,1)BENZOXAZINES
Authors: VERBOOM W. , VAN DIJK B. G. , REINHOUDT D. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Pyrrolidino‐ und Piperidino‐Aromaten (I) werden mit Trifluoracetanhydrid in o‐Stellung zu (II) und z.Tl. seinen Hydraten (III) umgesetzt und dann thermisch über diskutierte Zwischenstufen zu (IV) cyclisiert.