bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune encephalitis epidemiology and a comparison to infectious encephalitis
Authors: Dubey Divyanshu , Pittock Sean J. , Kelly Cecilia R. , McKeon Andrew , Lopez‐Chiriboga Alfonso Sebastian , Lennon Vanda A. , Gadoth Avi , Smith Carin Y. , Bryant Sandra C. , Klein Christopher J. , Aksamit Allen J. , Toledano Michel , Boeve Bradley F. , Tillema Jan-Mendelt , Flanagan Eoin P. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune encephalitis and compare it to that of infectious encephalitis.MethodsWe performed a population‐based comparative study of the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune and infectious encephalitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Autoimmune encephalitis diagnosis and subgroups were defined by 2016 diagnostic criteria, and infectious encephalitis diagnosis required a confirmed infectious pathogen. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted prevalence and incidence rates were calculated. Patients with encephalitis of uncertain etiology were excluded.ResultsThe prevalence of autoimmune encephalitis on January 1, 2014 of 13.7/100,000 was not significantly different from that of all infectious encephalitides (11.6/100,000; p = 0.63) or the viral subcategory (8.3/100,000; p = 0.17). The incidence rates (1995–2015) of autoimmune and infectious encephalitis were 0.8/100,000 and 1.0/100,000 person‐years, respectively (p = 0.58). The number of relapses or recurrent hospitalizations was higher for autoimmune than infectious encephalitis (p = 0.03). The incidence of autoimmune encephalitis increased over time from 0.4/100,000 person‐years (1995–2005) to 1.2/100,000 person‐years (2006–2015; p = 0.02), attributable to increased detection of autoantibody‐positive cases. The incidence (2.8 vs 0.7/100,000 person‐years, p = 0.01) and prevalence (38.3 vs 13.7/100,000, p = 0.04) of autoimmune encephalitis was higher among African Americans than Caucasians. The prevalence of specific neural autoantibodies was as follows: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, 1.9/100,000; glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, 1.9/100,000; unclassified neural autoantibody, 1.4/100,000; leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated protein 1, 0.7/100,000; collapsin response‐mediator protein 5, 0.7/100,000; N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor, 0.6/100,000; antineuronal nuclear antibody type 2, 0.6/100,000; and glial fibrillary acidic protein α, 0.6/100,000.InterpretationThis study shows that the prevalence and incidence of autoimmune encephalitis are comparable to infectious encephalitis, and its detection is increasing over time. Ann Neurol 2018;83:166–177
An Efficient Metal‐Free Catalyst for Oxidative Dehydrogenation Reaction: Activated Carbon Decorated with Few‐Layer Graphene
Authors: Zhang Yajie , Diao Jiangyong , Rong Junfeng , Zhang Jiayun , Xie Jingxin , Huang Fei , Jia Zhimin , Liu Hongyang , Su Dang Sheng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractActivated carbon (AC) has been widely used in the catalysis field because of its low cost, scalable production, high specific surface area, and abundant exposed edge. Because of the amorphous structure, traditional AC is unstable in presence of O2 at high temperature, which hinders the application of AC catalysts in oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of alkanes. Here, partially graphitic AC decorated with few‐layer graphene is facilely fabricated by simple high‐temperature calcination. The graphitic transformation significantly enhances the antioxidation property, long‐term stability of AC during the ODH reaction, and especially dramatically increases the graphitic edge areas in which the active ketonic carbonyl groups are selectively formed in ODH reactions. A high reactivity with 41.5 % selectivity and 13.2 % yield to C4 alkenes were obtained at 450 °C over the optimized catalyst, which is superior to all the previously reported carbon catalysts and shows a great potential for industrial application.
An anthropogenic habitat within a suboptimal colonized ecosystem provides improved conditions for a range‐shifting species
Authors: Cannizzo Zachary J. , Dixon Sara R. , Griffen Blaine D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMany species are shifting their ranges in response to the changing climate. In cases where such shifts lead to the colonization of a new ecosystem, it is critical to establish how the shifting species itself is impacted by novel environmental and biological interactions. Anthropogenic habitats that are analogous to the historic habitat of a shifting species may play a crucial role in the ability of that species to expand or persist in suboptimal colonized ecosystems. We tested if the anthropogenic habitat of docks, a likely mangrove analog, provides improved conditions for the range‐shifting mangrove tree crab Aratus pisonii within the colonized suboptimal salt marsh ecosystem. To test if docks provided an improved habitat, we compared the impact of the salt marsh and dock habitats on ecological and life history traits that influence the ability of this species to persist and expand into the salt marsh and compared these back to baselines in the historic mangrove ecosystem. Specifically, we examined behavior, physiology, foraging, and the thermal conditions of A. pisonii in each habitat. We found that docks provide a more favorable thermal and foraging habitat than the surrounding salt marsh, while their ability to provide conditions which improved behavior and physiology was mixed. Our study shows that anthropogenic habitats can act as analogs to historic ecosystems and enhance the habitat quality for range‐shifting species in colonized suboptimal ecosystems. If the patterns that we document are general across systems, then anthropogenic habitats may play an important facilitative role in the range shifts of species with continued climate change.
What is the best ethanol‐water ratio for the extraction of antioxidants from rosemary? Impact of the solvent on yield, composition, and activity of the extracts
Authors: Jacotet‐Navarro Magali , Laguerre Mickaël , Fabiano‐Tixier Anne‐Sylvie , Tenon Mathieu , Feuillère Nicolas , Bily Antoine , Chemat Farid 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExtracts rich in antioxidants, such as rosemary extracts, are currently obtained by extraction of the plant material using hydro‐alcoholic mixtures with high ethanol content. As this ratio is generally chosen by default and scarcely optimized, we intended to investigate the impact of the hydro‐alcoholic composition on extract characteristics such as extraction yield, composition profile in selected compounds, and antioxidant/reducing activity such as Folin‐Ciocalteu, DPPH, and ORAC. A theoretical determination of rosmarinic (RA) and carnosic (CA) acid solubilities in ethanol:water mixtures was also performed using COSMO‐RS and was confronted to experiments. While the best solubilizing solvent (100% ethanol) was also the best extracting solvent for CA, it was not the case with RA since pure ethanol appeared as a poor solvent compared to 30% ethanol which was optimal. Finally, the best antioxidant activities were obtained with 30% ethanol.
ROMANCE: A new software tool to improve data robustness and feature identification in CE‐MS metabolomics
Authors: González‐Ruiz Víctor , Gagnebin Yoric , Drouin Nicolas , Codesido Santiago , Rudaz Serge , Schappler Julie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe use of capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) in metabolomics remains an oddity compared to the widely adopted use of liquid chromatography. This technique is traditionally regarded as lacking the reproducibility to adequately identify metabolites by their migration times. The major reason is the variability of the velocity of the background electrolyte, mainly coming from shifts in the magnitude of the electroosmotic flow and from the suction caused by electrospray interfaces. The use of the effective electrophoretic mobility is one solution to overcome this issue as it is a characteristic feature of each compound. To date, such an approach has not been applied to metabolomics due to the complexity and size of CE‐MS data obtained in such studies. In this paper, ROMANCE (RObust Metabolomic Analysis with Normalized CE) is introduced as a new software for CE‐MS‐based metabolomics. It allows the automated conversion of batches of CE‐MS files with minimal user intervention. ROMANCE converts the x‐axis of each MS file from the time into the effective mobility scale and the resulting files are already pseudo‐aligned, present normalized peak areas and improved reproducibility, and can eventually follow existing metabolomic workflows. The software was developed in Scala, so it is multi‐platform and computationally‐efficient. It is available for download under a CC license. In this work, the versatility of ROMANCE was demonstrated by using data obtained in the same and in different laboratories, as well as its application to the analysis of human plasma samples.
Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Adipocytes and Obese Subjects Reduce Insulin‐Stimulated Glucose Uptake
Authors: Mleczko Justyna , Ortega Francisco J. , Falcon‐Perez Juan Manuel , Wabitsch Martin , Fernandez‐Real Jose Manuel , Mora Silvia 
Published: January 2018

ScopeWe investigate the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from in vitro adipocyte cell models and from obese subjects on glucose transport and insulin responsiveness.Methods and resultsEVs are isolated from the culture supernatant of adipocytes cultured under normoxia, hypoxia (1% oxygen), or exposed to macrophage conditioned media (15% v/v). EVs are isolated from the plasma of lean individuals and subjects with obesity. Cultured adipocytes are incubated with EVs and activation of insulin signalling cascades and insulin‐stimulated glucose transport are measured. EVs released from hypoxic adipocytes impair insulin‐stimulated 2‐deoxyglucose uptake and reduce insulin mediated phosphorylation of AKT. Insulin‐mediated phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2) is not affected. EVs from individuals with obesity decrease insulin stimulated 2‐deoxyglucose uptake in adipocytes (p = 0.0159).ConclusionEVs released by stressed adipocytes impair insulin action in neighboring adipocytes.
Tag der Organischen Chemie an der Universität Stuttgart
Authors: Richert Clemens 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAm 13. Oktober fand der 21. Tag der Organischen Chemie an der Universität Stuttgart (Tocus) statt. Er umfasste zwölf Doktorandenvorträge und als frühabendlichen Festvortrag die Thieme Lecture in Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry. Die Veranstaltung zog insgesamt etwa 200 Teilnehmer und Zuhörer an. Finanziell unterstützten die Unternehmen BASF, Clariant, Evonik, Merck, Sanofi Aventis, Thermo Fisher und der Georg Thieme Verlag.
Effectiveness of high‐dose i.v. immunoglobulin therapy for pregnant women with aspirin–heparin‐resistant secondary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Maesawa Yoko , Deguchi Masashi , Tanimura Kenji , Morizane Mayumi , Ebina Yasuhiko , Yamada Hideto 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to assess the efficacy of high‐dose i.v. immunoglobulin (HIVIg) therapy in pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus with a history of pregnancy failure, despite receiving low‐dose aspirin plus unfractionated heparin therapy, of which condition being designated as “aspirin–heparin‐resistant APS” (AHRAPS).MethodsThe HIVIg therapy (20 g/d, 5 days) was performed for the pregnancies of five women with AHRAPS.ResultsFive of the eight pregnancies ended in live births. The gestational ages of delivery in four of the five pregnancies were extended, compared with previous pregnancies. The HIVIg therapy was considered to be successful for these four pregnancies. Excluding one pregnancy that ended in miscarriage with an abnormal chromosome karyotype of the villi, the HIVIg therapy was considered to be successful in four (57.1%) of the seven pregnancies of the women with AHRAPS. Although all the live newborns were prematurely delivered, no adverse effect of the HIVIg therapy was observed.ConclusionsThe HIVIg therapy might be beneficial as an immune modifier for pregnant women with AHRAPS. However, the precise indication of which women with AHRAPS who should receive HIVIg therapy remains unknown.
Base‐Promoted Substitution Reaction: A Simple, Economical, and Efficient Method for Obtaining 3‐Sulfenylated Benzo[b]furan Derivatives
Authors: Wang Cong , Fan Yuxin , Yao Yaoyao , Chen Wenzhang , Cui Xing , Zhu Gaofeng , Zhou Wei , Tang Lei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA practical and concise protocol for the efficient preparation of 3‐sulfenylated benzo[b]furan derivatives via an addition−elimination/vinylic‐nucleophilic substitution reaction is been described. Various substituted 3‐sulfenylated benzo[b]furan derivatives were synthesized in good‐to‐excellent yields under basic conditions. Remarkably, this procedure offers several advantages including good yields, mild reaction conditions, simple operation, no requirement of extra metals, and gram‐scale synthesis.
(NH4)2S2O8‐Mediated Direct Oxysulfonyloxylation of Alkynes with Sulfonic Acids to Access α‐Sulfonyloxyketones
Authors: Zhang Yang , Tan Hua , Yue Chaochao , Liu Weibing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA novel method for the preparation of α‐sulfonyloxyketones via a (NH4)2S2O8‐mediated direct oxysulfonyloxylation of alkynes with sulfonic acids is described. This simple yet powerful method allows access to a variety of α‐sulfonyloxyketones with a broad substrate scope. Furthermore, under the stipulated conditions, this methodology demonstrates excellent regioselectivity for some 1,2‐disubstituted internal alkyne substrates, affording the corresponding α‐sulfonyloxyketones in good yields.
Topological Spin Models in Rydberg Lattices
Authors: Kiffner Martin , O’Brien Edward , Jaksch Dieter 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We show that resonant dipole–dipole interactions between Rydberg atoms in a triangular lattice can give rise to artificial magnetic fields for spin excitations. We consider the coherent dipole–dipole coupling between np and ns Rydberg states and derive an effective spin-1/2 Hamiltonian for the np excitations. By breaking time-reversal symmetry via external fields, we engineer complex hopping amplitudes for transitions between two rectangular sub-lattices. The phase of these hopping amplitudes depends on the direction of the hop. This gives rise to a staggered, artificial magnetic field which induces non-trivial topological effects. We calculate the single-particle band structure and investigate its Chern numbers as a function of the lattice parameters and the detuning between the two sub-lattices. We identify extended parameter regimes where the Chern number of the lowest band is

$$ C=1 $$

C
=
1

or

$$ C=2 $$

C
=
2

.
Psychosocial Profiles of Parents of Children with Undiagnosed Diseases: Managing Well or Just Managing?
Authors: McConkie‐Rosell Allyn , Hooper Stephen R. , Pena Loren D. M. , Schoch Kelly , Spillmann Rebecca C. , Jiang Yong‐Hui , Cope Heidi ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Palmer Christina , Shashi Vandana 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLittle is known about the psychosocial profiles of parents who have a child with an undiagnosed chronic illness. The National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) evaluates individuals with intractable medical findings, with the objective of discovering the underlying diagnosis. We report on the psychosocial profiles of 50 parents whose children were accepted to one of the network's clinical sites. Parents completed questionnaires assessing anxiety, depression, coping self‐efficacy, and health care empowerment at the beginning of their child's UDN clinical evaluation. Parents of undiagnosed children had high rates of anxiety and depression (~ 40%), which were significantly inversely correlated with coping self‐efficacy, but not with health care empowerment. Coping self‐efficacy, depressive, and anxiety symptoms were better in parents with older children and with longer duration of illness. Gender differences were identified, with mothers reporting greater health care engagement than fathers. Overall, our findings suggest that parents of children with undiagnosed diseases maintain positive coping self‐efficacy and remain actively engaged in health care and to a lesser degree tolerance for uncertainty, but these come with a high emotional cost to the parents. As the parents’ psychological needs may not be obvious, these should be ascertained and the requisite support provided.
A standard liaison psychiatry service structure?
Authors: Ruddy Rachel , House Allan 
Published: January 2018

Aims and Method
We surveyed all psychiatric services in the six northeast strategic health authorities to determine how the provision of liaison psychiatry services related to College recommendations and the size of the general hospital trusts served.

Results
Thirty-six (100%) services provided usable data, 8% of general hospital trusts had no liaison psychiatry service, 41% of teams were not multidisciplinary with their only staff being nurses, only 38% of services had dedicated consultant psychiatry time and only a quarter met the recommended minimum standard of 0.5 whole-time equivalents. No teams contained clinical psychologists. Disorder-specific out-patient clinic provision was idiosyncratic.

Clinical Implications
There is a lack of rational planning of liaison psychiatry services and as a result, many services are not needs-based and do not comply with College recommendations. One indication of this is the lack of multidisciplinary teams.
Policy, Practice, and Research Agenda for Emergency Medical Services Oversight: A Systematic Review and Environmental Scan
Authors: Taymour Rekar K. , Abir Mahshid , Chamberlin Margaret , Dunne Robert B. , Lowell Mark , Wahl Kathy , Scott Jacqueline 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionIn a 2015 report, the Institute of Medicine (IOM; Washington, DC USA), now the National Academy of Medicine (NAM; Washington, DC USA), stated that the field of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) exhibits signs of fragmentation; an absence of system-wide coordination and planning; and a lack of federal, state, and local accountability. The NAM recommended clarifying what roles the federal government, state governments, and local communities play in the oversight and evaluation of EMS system performance, and how they may better work together to improve care.ObjectiveThis systematic literature review and environmental scan addresses NAM’s recommendations by answering two research questions: (1) what aspects of EMS systems are most measured in the peer-reviewed and grey literatures, and (2) what do these measures and studies suggest for high-quality EMS oversight?MethodsTo answer these questions, a systematic literature review was conducted in the PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland USA), Web of Science (Thomson Reuters; New York, New York USA), SCOPUS (Elsevier; Amsterdam, Netherlands), and EMBASE (Elsevier; Amsterdam, Netherlands) databases for peer-reviewed literature and for grey literature; targeted web searches of 10 EMS-related government agencies and professional organizations were performed. Inclusion criteria required peer-reviewed literature to be published between 1966-2016 and grey literature to be published between 1996-2016. A total of 1,476 peer-reviewed titles were reviewed, 76 were retrieved for full-text review, and 58 were retained and coded in the qualitative software Dedoose (Manhattan Beach, California USA) using a codebook of themes. Categorizations of measure type and level of application were assigned to the extracted data. Targeted websites were systematically reviewed and 115 relevant grey literature documents were retrieved.ResultsA total of 58 peer-reviewed articles met inclusion criteria; 46 included process, 36 outcomes, and 18 structural measures. Most studies applied quality measures at the personnel level (40), followed by the agency (28) and system of care (28), and few at the oversight level (5). Numerous grey literature articles provided principles for high-quality EMS oversight.Conclusions:Limited quality measurement at the oversight level is an important gap in the peer-reviewed literature. The grey literature is ahead in this realm and can guide the policy and research agenda for EMS oversight quality measurement.TaymourRK,AbirM,ChamberlinM,DunneRB,LowellM,WahlK,ScottJ.Policy, practice, and research agenda for Emergency Medical Services oversight: a systematic review and environmental scan.Prehosp Disaster Med.2018;33(1):89–97.
Changing the restaurant food environment to improve cardiovascular health in a rural community: implementation and evaluation of the Heart of New Ulm restaurant programme
Authors: Lindberg Rebecca , Sidebottom Abbey C , McCool Brigitte , Pereira Raquel F , Sillah Arthur , Boucher Jackie L 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe goals of the present study were to: (i) describe the implementation of a programme to improve the restaurant food environment in a rural community; and (ii) describe how practices changed in community restaurants.DesignThe intervention included a baseline assessment of all community restaurants (n 32) and a report on how they could increase the availability and promotion of healthful options. The assessment focused on sixteen healthy practices (HP) derived from the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for Restaurants. Restaurants were invited to participate at gold, silver or bronze levels based on the number of HP attained. Participating restaurants received dietitian consultation, staff training and promotion of the restaurant. All community restaurants were reassessed 1·5 years after baseline.SettingThe restaurant programme was part of the Heart of New Ulm Project, a community-based CVD prevention programme in a rural community.SubjectsAll community restaurants (n 32) were included in the study.ResultsOver one-third (38 %) of community restaurants participated in the programme. At baseline, 22 % achieved at least a bronze level. This increased to 38 % at follow-up with most of the improvement among participating restaurants that were independently owned. Across all restaurants in the community, the HP showing the most improvement included availability of non-fried vegetables (63–84 %), fruits (41–53 %), smaller portions and whole grains.ConclusionsFindings demonstrate successes and challenges of improving healthful food availability and promotion in a community-wide restaurant programme.