bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicating Low‐Probability High‐Consequence Risk, Uncertainty and Expert Confidence: Induced Seismicity of Deep Geothermal Energy and Shale Gas
Authors: Knoblauch Theresa A. K. , Stauffacher Michael , Trutnevyte Evelina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSubsurface energy activities entail the risk of induced seismicity including low‐probability high‐consequence (LPHC) events. For designing respective risk communication, the scientific literature lacks empirical evidence of how the public reacts to different written risk communication formats about such LPHC events and to related uncertainty or expert confidence. This study presents findings from an online experiment (N = 590) that empirically tested the public's responses to risk communication about induced seismicity and to different technology frames, namely deep geothermal energy (DGE) and shale gas (between‐subject design). Three incrementally different formats of written risk communication were tested: (i) qualitative, (ii) qualitative and quantitative, and (iii) qualitative and quantitative with risk comparison. Respondents found the latter two the easiest to understand, the most exact, and liked them the most. Adding uncertainty and expert confidence statements made the risk communication less clear, less easy to understand and increased concern. Above all, the technology for which risks are communicated and its acceptance mattered strongly: respondents in the shale gas condition found the identical risk communication less trustworthy and more concerning than in the DGE conditions. They also liked the risk communication overall less. For practitioners in DGE or shale gas projects, the study shows that the public would appreciate efforts in describing LPHC risks with numbers and optionally risk comparisons. However, there seems to be a trade‐off between aiming for transparency by disclosing uncertainty and limited expert confidence, and thereby decreasing clarity and increasing concern in the view of the public.
The Investigation of Promoter Sequences of Marseilleviruses Highlights a Remarkable Abundance of the AAATATTT Motif in Intergenic Regions
Authors: Oliveira Graziele Pereira , Lima Maurício Teixeira , Arantes Thalita Souza , Assis Felipe Lopes , Rodrigues Rodrigo Araújo Lima , da Fonseca Flávio Guimarães , Bonjardim Cláudio Antônio , Kroon Erna Geessien , Colson Philippe , La Scola Bernard , Abrahão Jônatas Santos 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Viruses display a wide range of genomic profiles and, consequently, a variety of gene expression strategies. Specific sequences associated with transcriptional processes have been described in viruses, and putative promoter motifs have been elucidated for some nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV). Among NCLDV, the
Marseilleviridae
is a well-recognized family because of its genomic mosaicism. The marseilleviruses have an ability to incorporate foreign genes, especially from sympatric organisms inhabiting
Acanthamoeba
, its main known host. Here, we identified for the first time an eight-nucleotide A/T-rich promoter sequence (AAATATTT) associated with 55% of marseillevirus genes that is conserved in all marseilleviruses lineages, a higher level of conservation than that of any giant virus described to date. We instigated our prediction about the promoter motif by biological assays and by evaluating how single mutations in this octamer can impact gene expression. The investigation of sequences that regulate the expression of genes relative to lateral transfer revealed that the promoter motifs do not appear to be incorporated by marseilleviruses from donor organisms. Indeed, analyses of the intergenic regions that regulate lateral gene transfer-related genes have revealed an independent origin of the marseillevirus intergenic regions that does not match gene-donor organisms. About 50% of AAATATTT motifs spread throughout intergenic regions of the marseilleviruses are present as multiple copies. We believe that such multiple motifs are associated with increased expression of a given gene or are related to incorporation of foreign genes into the mosaic genome of marseilleviruses.

IMPORTANCE
The marseilleviruses draw attention because of the peculiar features of their genomes; however, little is known about their gene expression patterns or the factors that regulate those expression patterns. The limited published research on the expression patterns of the marseilleviruses and their unique genomes has led us to study the promoter motif sequences in the intergenic regions of the marseilleviruses. This work is the first to analyze promoter sequences in the genomes of the marseilleviruses. We also suggest a strong capacity to acquire foreign genes and to express those genes mediated by multiple copies of the promoter motifs available in intergenic regions. These findings contribute to an understanding of genomic expansion and plasticity observed in these giant viruses.
Crystal Structure of the DNA-Binding Domain of Human Herpesvirus 6A Immediate Early Protein 2
Authors: Nishimura Mitsuhiro , Wang Junjie , Wakata Aika , Sakamoto Kento , Mori Yasuko 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Immediate early proteins of human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) are expressed at the outset of lytic infection and thereby regulate viral gene expression. Immediate early protein 2 (IE2) of HHV-6A is a transactivator that drives a variety of promoters. The C-terminal region of HHV-6A IE2 is shared among IE2 homologs in betaherpesviruses and is involved in dimerization, DNA binding, and transcription factor binding. In this study, the structure of the IE2 C-terminal domain (IE2-CTD) was determined by X-ray crystallography at a resolution of 2.5 Å. IE2-CTD forms a homodimer stabilized by a β-barrel core with two interchanging long loops. Unexpectedly, the core structure resembles those of the gammaherpesvirus factors EBNA1 of Epstein-Barr virus and LANA of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, but the interchanging loops are longer in IE2-CTD and form helix-turn-helix (HTH)-like motifs at their tips. The HTH and surrounding α-helices form a structural feature specific to the IE2 group. The apparent DNA-binding site (based on structural similarity with EBNA1 and LANA) resides on the opposite side of the HTH-like motifs, surrounded by positive electrostatic potential. Mapping analysis of conserved residues on the three-dimensional structure delineated a potential factor-binding site adjacent to the expected DNA-binding site. The predicted bi- or tripartite functional sites indicate a role for IE2-CTD as an adapter connecting the promoter and transcriptional factors that drive gene expression.

IMPORTANCE
Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and HHV-6B belong to betaherpesvirus subfamily. Both viruses establish lifelong latency after primary infection, and their reactivation poses a significant risk to immunocompromised patients. Immediate early protein 2 (IE2) of HHV-6A and HHV-6B is a transactivator that triggers viral replication and contains a DNA-binding domain shared with other betaherpesviruses such as human herpesvirus 7 and human cytomegalovirus. In this study, an atomic structure of the DNA-binding domain of HHV-6A IE2 was determined and analyzed, enabling a structure-based understanding of the functions of IE2, specifically DNA recognition and interaction with transcription factors. Unexpectedly, the dimeric core resembles the DNA-binding domain of transcription regulators from gammaherpesviruses, showing structural conservation as a DNA-binding domain but with its own unique structural features. These findings facilitate further characterization of this key viral transactivator.
DERECHOS SEXUALES Y REPRODUCTIVOS EN ARGENTINA: NUEVAS TENDENCIAS LEGISLATIVAS Y OPINIÓN DE LOS MÉDICOS
Authors: Campana Maximiliano Nicolás 
Published: August 2017

Si trazamos una trayectoria del derecho sanitario argentino en la última década, podríamos ver cómo la nueva legislación otorga cada vez mayor centralidad a la autonomía de la voluntad los pacientes. Los ciudadanos argentinos cada vez tienen mayor poder de decisión en todo lo relativo al cuidado de su propio cuerpo y salud. Esto sin dudas provoca un corrimiento del rol tradicional que ocupaban los médicos, quienes históricamente tomaban las decisiones relativas al cuidado de la salud de la población. El presente artículo se va a enfocar en cómo los derechos sexuales y reproductivos comienzan a ser regulados en el país y luego contrastar la actualidad legislativa con la opinión de médicos que viven en la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina), con la finalidad de ver de qué modo los profesionales de la salud se adecúan o no a estas nuevas tendencias legislativas.
The Effects of External Forcing and Internal Variability on the Formation of Interhemispheric Sea Surface Temperature Gradient Trends in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Dong Lu , McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A striking trend of the Indian Ocean interhemispheric gradient in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) developed during the recent global warming hiatus. The contributions of external forcing and internal variability to this trend are examined in forced climate model experiments. Results indicate that the observed negative trend was strong by historical standards and most likely due to internal variability rather than to external forcing. Anthropogenic aerosol forcing favors negative gradient trends, but its effects are countered by greenhouse gas forcing, and both are weak relative to internal variability. The observed interhemispheric gradient trend occurred in parallel with a negative phase of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), a linkage that is also found in climate models. However, the physical mechanisms responsible for these gradient trends in models differ from those in ocean reanalysis products. In particular, oceanic processes via an increased Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) transport into the Indian Ocean forced by stronger Pacific trade winds are the principal cause of the observed negative SST gradient trend during 2000–13. In contrast, atmospheric processes via changing surface wind stress over the southern Indian Ocean remotely forced by the IPO appear to play a dominant role in changing the interhemispheric SST gradients in climate models. The models underestimate the magnitude of the IPO and produce changes in the ITF that are too weak owing to their coarse spatial resolution. These model deficiencies may account for the differences between the simulations and observations.
Factors associated with high cardiovascular risk in a primarily African American, urban HIV-infected population
Authors: Bagchi Shashwatee , Burrowes Shana AB , Fantry Lori E , Hossain Mian B , Tollera Gemechis H , Kottilil Shyamasundaran , Pauza C David , Miller Michael , Baumgarten Mona , Redfield Robert R 
Published: August 2017

Objective: To determine factors associated with increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease in a high-risk patient population. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of a retrospective cohort study. Methods: One-hundred patients at an inner city HIV clinic in 2008 were reviewed. The atherosclerotic vascular disease risk score was calculated using the Pooled Cohort Equation. Chi-square test was performed to identify associations of potential risk factors with elevated atherosclerotic vascular disease risk. Results: Eighty-one participants were included in the final analysis. In total, 95.1% were African American, and 38.3% were women. The median atherosclerotic vascular disease risk score was 8.8% and 8.1% in 2008 and 2012, respectively. The medical co-morbidities associated with increased atherosclerotic vascular disease risk were hepatitis C infection (X2 = 3.93; p value = 0.048), elevated triglycerides levels (X2 = 4.0; p value = 0.046), and low albumin (X2 = 4.65; p value = 0.031). There were a higher number of women with known atherosclerotic vascular disease despite lower median atherosclerotic vascular disease risk score compared to men. Conclusion: An elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease persists in high-risk demographic groups of the HIV epidemic even in the current HIV era. There is an unexplained gender disparity and some non-traditional risk factors not accounted for in the Pooled Cohort Equation may be contributing to the excess cardiovascular disease risk observed among HIV-infected patients.
Core Temperature Monitoring in Obstetric Spinal Anesthesia Using an Ingestible Telemetric Sensor
Authors: du Toit Leon , van Dyk Dominique , Hofmeyr Ross , Lombard Carl J. , Dyer Robert A. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND:
Perioperative hypothermia may affect maternal and neonatal outcomes after obstetric spinal anesthesia. Core temperature is often poorly monitored during spinal anesthesia, due to the lack of an accurate noninvasive core temperature monitor. The aim of this study was to describe core temperature changes and temperature recovery during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery. We expected that obstetric spinal anesthesia would be associated with a clinically relevant thermoregulatory insult (core temperature decrease >1.0°C).

METHODS:
A descriptive study was conducted in 28 women. An ingestible telemetric temperature sensor was used to record core temperature over time (measured every 10 seconds). The primary outcome was the maximum core temperature decrease after spinal anesthetic injection. The secondary outcomes were lowest absolute core temperature, time to lowest temperature, time to recovery of core temperature, hypothermic exposure (degree-hours below 37.0°C), and the time-weighted hypothermic exposure (median number of degrees below 37.0°C per hour). Basic descriptive statistics, median spline smooth, and integration of the area below the 37.0°C line of the temperature-over-time curve were utilized to analyze the data.

RESULTS:
Intestinal temperature decreased by a mean (standard deviation) of 1.30°C (0.31); 99% confidence interval (CI), 1.14 to 1.46 after spinal anesthetic injection. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to temperature nadir was 0.96 (0.73–1.32) hours (95% CI, 0.88–1.22). Fourteen of the 28 participants experienced intestinal temperatures below 36.0°C after spinal injection. Temperature was monitored for a minimum of 8 hours after spinal injection. In 8 of 28 participants, intestinal temperature did not recover to baseline during the monitored period. A median (IQR) of 4.59 (3.38–5.92) hours (95% CI, 3.45–5.90) was required for recovery to baseline intestinal temperature in the remaining 20 patients. Participants experienced a median (IQR) of 1.97 (1.00–2.68) degree-hours of hypothermic exposure (95% CI, 1.23–2.45). The median (IQR) number of degrees below 37.0°C per hour was 0.45 (0.35–0.60) (95% CI, 0.36–0.58).

CONCLUSIONS:
During cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia, women experienced a rapid decrease in core temperature. Using an intestinal telemetric sensor, the perioperative thermal insult and recovery were documented with high resolution. Fifty percent of participants in this study became hypothermic. Although the surgical procedure is typically of short duration, women undergoing spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery experience significant hypothermic exposure and compromised thermoregulation for several hours.
Use of an engineered honey to eradicate preformed biofilms of important wound pathogens: an in vitro study
Authors: Halstead F.D. , Webber M.A. , Oppenheim B.A. 
Published: August 2017

Objective: We previously reported on the ability of SurgihoneyRO (SHRO), an engineered honey, to prevent biofilm formation in vitro, but data were lacking regarding the activity against preformed biofilms. This study aims to assess whether SHRO has any antibacterial activity against mature, preformed biofilms and whether there is any evidence to support the observed clinical effectiveness when SHRO has been used anecdotally on acute and chronic wounds where biofilm is most likely present. Method: We tested the in vitro antibacterial activity of SHRO against the mature biofilms of 16 clinically relevant wound pathogens, in terms of impacts on biofilm seeding and biofilm biomass. The honey was serially double diluted from 1:3 down to 1:6144, and the lowest dilution achieving a statistically significant reduction in biomass of ≥50%, compared with untreated controls, was recorded. Results: All 16 bacterial isolates were susceptible to SHRO, with reduced biofilm seeding observed for all, and percentage reductions ranging from 58% (ACI_C59) to 94.3% (MDR_B) for the strongest concentration of honey (1:3). Furthermore at this concentration, biofilm seeding of the test biofilm was reduced by 80–94.3% (when compared with the positive control) for 12/16 isolates. We additionally demonstrated that SHRO has antibiofilm impacts, with the 24 hour exposure resulting in disruption of the biofilm, reduced seeding and reduced biomass. Conclusion: SHRO is effective at reducing seeding of preformed biofilms of clinically important wound pathogens in vitro, and also has antibiofilm activity. This supports the anecdotal clinical data for antibiofilm efficacy, and supports the use of SHRO as a promising topical wound care agent.
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma for treatment of chronic wounds: drug or medical device?
Authors: Kramer A. , Conway B.R. , Meissner K. , Scholz F. , Rauch B.H. , Moroder A. , Ehlers A. , Meixner A.J. , Heidecke C-D. , Partecke L.I. , Kietzmann M. , Assadian O. 
Published: August 2017

Objective: The use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) as a new therapeutic option to aid the healing of chronic wounds appears promising. Currently, uncertainty exists regarding their classification as medical device or medical drug. Because the classification of CAPP has medical, legal, and economic consequences as well as implications for the level of preclinical and clinical testing, the correct classification is not an academic exercise, but an ethical need. Method: A multidisciplinary team of physicians, surgeons, pharmacists, physicists and lawyers has analysed the physical and technical characteristics as well as legal conditions of the biological action of CAPP. Results: It was concluded that the mode of action of the locally generated CAPP, with its main active components being different radicals, is pharmacological and not physical in nature. Conclusion: Depending on the intended use, CAPP should be classified as a drug, which is generated by use of a medical device directly at the point of therapeutic application.
Medial gastrocnemius muscle flap for the reconstruction of unhealed amputation stumps
Authors: Tosun B. , Selek O. , Gok U. , Tosun O. 
Published: August 2017

Objective: Unhealed amputation stumps after transtibial amputation are common and often require reamputation futher up the leg. The aim of our study is to describe our experience with medial gastrocnemius muscle flap coverage following a transtibial amputation. Method: We retrospectively examined the records of patients who had an unhealed transtibial amputation stump who were then treated with a medial gastrocnemius muscle flap. Results: We identified seven patients, all had diabetes mellitus and an initial amputation by the long posterior flap technique. All of the flap reconstructions of the amputation stumps ultimately survived. A mild knee flexion contracture was seen in two amputees, whereas full range of motion in the knee was observed in the remaining five amputees. None have required further surgical intervention. Conclusion: Medial head of gastrocnemious flap is an option for the reconstruction of the unhealed stump, particularly in the cases where stump shortening will not be feasible.
MULTIMONITERO Y VISUALIZACIÓN DE VARIABLES FISIOLÓGICAS EN UN DISPOSITIVO
Authors: Mendoza Luis Enrique , Delgado Rhonald Alonso , Gualdron Oscar Eduardo 
Published: August 2017

Los sistemas móviles como celulares, tablet y otros, actualmente están siendo usados en diferentes áreas, en las cuales es indispensable requerimientos de portabilidad. Este artículo presenta una nueva metodología para realizar aplicaciones móviles en el área de la salud y específicamente en Telemedicina. Se muestra como una señal ECG es grabada, visualizada y enviada vía inalámbrica a un dispositivo móvil, esto con el propósito de tener un sistema en tiempo real para el monitorio de pacientes. Adicionalmente, a la transmisión de la señal ECG, se muestra en el aplicativo datos de rítmo cardíaco y temperatura de cada paciente. El sistema fue probado con 51 pacientes (23 hombres y 28 mujeres, entre 25 y 35 años), dando resultados similares comparados con otros equipos comerciales, como power Lab. Es importante resaltar que se creó una interfaz gráfica en latablet, la cual muestra datos de 3 pacientes diferentes en tiempo real, este trabajo novedoso tendrá un futuro promisorio, ya que actualmente los sistemas no son de multi usuario, es decir solo monitorean un paciente. Finalmente concluimos que la tecnología inalámbrica puede ser usada para transmitir datos fisiológicos en tiempo real.
ANÁLISIS DE PÉRDIDAS ENERGÉTICAS Y ECONÓMICAS POR TRANSPORTE DE VAPOR EN TUBERÍAS SIN UN ADECUADO AISLAMIENTO TÉRMICO
Authors: Aristizábal Carlos , Schäfer German , Barrera Zapata Rolando 
Published: August 2017

Se presenta el cálculo de las pérdidas de recursos energéticos y económicos por el deterioro o ausencia de aislante térmico en las tuberías de transporte de vapor al interior de una empresa dedicada a la producción de licores, así como la predicción de ahorros alcanzados al aplicar aislantes en zonas detectadas como críticas. Se utilizan modelos de transferencia de calor para sistemas radiales y cálculos económicos a partir de costos de aislantes térmicos, recursos másicos y energéticos, y eventuales ahorros alcanzados por la implementación de aislantes. Se encontró que las pérdidas energéticas pueden reducirse hasta en un 99%, con rápida recuperación de los costos de inversión según la selección del aislante. Los modelos presentados pueden ser adaptados por otras empresas que deseen evaluar de manera rápida y efectiva los eventuales ahorros en costos de producción derivados de la minimización de pérdidas energéticas a través de sus tuberías.
SIMULACIÓN DEL ESPECTRO EPR DEL RADICAL CO2-
Authors: Carvajal Taborda Eduar Enrique , Días Forero John Hernan , Espitia Rico Miguel 
Published: August 2017

La dosimetría EPR se basa en el hecho de que las radiaciones ionizantes interaccionan con el tejido mineralizado, en este caso es esmalte dental y tejido óseo, generan los radicales CO2- estables a temperatura ambiente y de larga vida cuya concentración depende de la dosis recibida. La cuantificación de estos radicales libres se hace por EPR, cuyo espectro característico consta de dos líneas, una muy intensa y otra de menor intensidad. En este trabajo identificamos teóricamente estas dos líneas solucionando el Hamiltoniano de espín electrónico y simulando el espectro experimental, encontramos que el espectro ERP del radical CO2- es producido por la interacción del espín del electrón desapareado con el campo magnético externo y que el radical CO2- está ubicado en una simetría local axial.