bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dialogues about Emergence
Authors: Lestienne Rémy 
Published: May 2016

What is Emergence? Some scientists nowadays have revitalized this already old idea, according to which, when one climbs the ladders of complexity, from elementary particles to galaxies and amebas to humankind, new properties appear. “The whole is more than the sum of its parts,” they say. Some among them even refer to a specific effect of the whole on the parts: Do not our conscious decisions change what the neurons in our brain do, thereby justifying our free will?
Going beyond the old scientific ideal of reductionism, this revival of emergence augurs a revolution to come, somewhat similar to that which occurred when Galileo argued for the inversion of the old cosmology to adopt the Copernican point of view. Here thus the return of the three protagonists of the famous book of Galileo, brought up to date: Sagredo, Simplicio, and Salviata. Each day during a certain spring in Paris, they go to Saint Germain des Près, the museum of the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, and so forth. They meet there famous scientists, such as James Clerk Maxwell, Charles Darwin, Ilya Prigogine, or Roger Sperry. With them, they discuss emergence in their respective disciplines. By listening to them, one can measure the formidable challenges of this new debate for science and philosophy and better understand phenomena as various as the shape of molecules, the workings of the brain, or, perhaps more importantly, the nature of time.
Effect of Vocal Fold Medialization on Dysphagia in Patients with Unilateral Vocal Fold Immobility
Authors: Cates Daniel J. , Venkatesan Naren N. , Strong Brandon , Kuhn Maggie A. , Belafsky Peter C. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThe effect of vocal fold medialization (VFM) on vocal improvement in persons with unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI) is well established. The effect of VFM on the symptom of dysphagia is uncertain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate dysphagia symptoms in patients with UVFI pre‐ and post‐VFM.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAcademic tertiary care medical center.Subjects and MethodsThe charts of 44 persons with UVFI who underwent VFM between June 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014, were abstracted from a prospectively maintained database at the University of California, Davis, Voice and Swallowing Center. Patient demographics, indications, and type of surgical procedure were recorded. Self‐reported swallowing impairment was assessed with the validated 10‐item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10) before and after surgery. A paired samples t test was used to compare pre‐ and postmedialization EAT‐10 scores.ResultsForty‐four patients met criteria and underwent either vocal fold injection (73%) or thyroplasty (27%). Etiologies of vocal fold paralysis were iatrogenic (55%), idiopathic (29%), benign or malignant neoplastic (9%), traumatic (5%), or related to the late effects of radiation (2%). EAT‐10 (mean ± SD) scores improved from 12.2 ± 11.1 to 7.7 ± 7.2 after medialization (P <. 01) with a follow‐up of 119 ± 65 days.ConclusionPatients with UVFI suffer from dysphagia and report significant improvement in swallowing symptoms following VFM. The symptomatic improvement appears to be durable over time.
Hemodynamic Parameters during Laryngoscopic Procedures in the Office and in the Operating Room
Authors: Tierney William S. , Chota Rebecca L. , Benninger Michael S. , Nowacki Amy S. , Bryson Paul C. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivePrevious research has shown that office‐based laryngoscopic procedures can induce hemodynamic changes, including tachycardia and severe hypertension, calling into question the safety of these procedures. However, comparison between office and operating room (OR) procedures has not been carried out. Therefore, we prospectively measured hemodynamic variables in both settings to compare hemodynamic changes between office and OR procedures.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingSingle academic center.Subjects and MethodsSubjects undergoing office and OR laryngoscopic procedures were prospectively identified, and 92 OR and 70 office subjects were included. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured at established time points before, during, and after the procedures. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were conducted.ResultsSevere hemodynamic events, either tachycardia or severe hypertension (blood pressure >180 mm Hg systolic or >110 mm Hg diastolic), occurred significantly more frequently in OR than office procedures (41% vs 20%; P =. 006). OR severe hemodynamic events occurred more commonly than previously reported rates in the office (41% vs 28%; P =. 012). Regression analyses showed that the odds of having a severe hemodynamic event were 3.66 times higher in OR versus office procedures.ConclusionSevere hemodynamic events are more likely to occur in the OR than in the office during laryngologic procedures. While larger studies will be required to establish rates of dangerous cardiovascular events in laryngoscopic procedures, hemodynamic parameters indicate that office‐based procedures have a safety benefit for procedures that can be conducted in either setting.
A CO3-bearing member of the hydroxylapatite–hydroxylellestadite series from Tadano, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan: CO3-SO4 substitution in the apatite–ellestadite series
Authors: Banno Y. , Miyawaki R. , Momma K. , Bunno M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA CO-bearing member of the hydroxylapatite–hydroxylellestadite series occurs as a Si-rich part of a hydroxylapatite–hydroxylellestadite series mineral (hydroxylapatitess) in a skarn xenolith from Tadano, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Hydroxylapatitess is composed of Si-poor and Si-rich parts. The Si-poor part is F-rich hydroxylapatite. The infrared spectrum of the Si-rich part demonstrates the presence of B-type CO3. A representative analysis of the Si-rich part yielded the empirical formula Ca4.989[(PO4)1.315 (SiO4)0.848 (SO4)0.368(CO2.943)0.480]∑3.011(OH0.629 Cl0.264 F0.107)∑1.000 on the basis of 8 cations, assuming Si = S + C. There is a very strong inverse correlation between Si and P in both the Si-poor and Si-rich parts. These data indicate that the substitution mechanism (SO4,CO3)2– + (SiO4)4– = 2(PO4)3– probably occurs in hydroxylapatite ss. Therefore, it was concluded that the Si-rich part corresponds to a CO3-bearing hydroxylapatite–hydroxylellestadite series mineral with CO3 partially replacing SO4. Most of the Si-rich part shows CO3 > SO4 and its composition approaches Ca5(SiO4)1.5(CO3,SO4)1.5(OH,Cl,F).
Export hit “Vergangenheitsbewältigung”. Germany and European integration as a model for Korea and East Asia?
Authors: Nijhuis Ton 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe process of coming to terms with the history of two dictatorships against the backdrop of the country’s partition and reunification makes Germany a special extraordinary case and a pioneer for other states as well. The German Vergangenheitsbewältigung (coming to terms with the past), has been an inspiration for other EU member states and for the process of European integration. Also, on an European level, history is an important source of identity formation.Can the German Vergangenheitsbewältigung, German Unification, and European Integration be a source of inspiration for Korea and East Asia?
Cardiac care in SAR helicopter paramedic practice: from mountainside to rehabilitation
Authors: Griffiths Edward 
Published: May 2016

Despite its decline in recent years, coronary heart disease remains the UKs single biggest killer. When someone suffers a heart attack on a mountainside in the UK, they often need a search and rescue (SAR) helicopter to provide them with timely emergency care and to transport them to a suitable hospital. The early diagnosis of an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) from a 12-lead electrocardiogram facilitates timely initiation of reperfusion therapy, but obtaining one in the mountain rescue environment is challenging and sometimes impossible. Although primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI patients is the treatment of choice, facilitating it renders the SAR aircraft unavailable for greater periods of time and requires the relevant, supporting infrastructure to be in place. The SAR paramedic must assess the suitability, validity and usability of clinical guidelines and pathways on a case-by-case basis, then integrate them into the demands of each particular SAR mission. Although cardiac rehabilitation has not traditionally been within the remit of the pre-hospital clinician, responding to the psychological needs of the heart-attack victim in the aircraft may be a significant determinant to their participation in rehabilitation programmes.
La France profonde
Authors: Delille Gérard 
Published: May 2016

Résumé
À travers une approche comparative qui va de l’exposé des vicissitudes d’un individu (Denis Diderot) à l’étude des comportements de groupes sociaux très différents, à la fois urbains et ruraux, l’article montre pourquoi et comment, au-delà de certaines particularités dans les usages et les stratégies, une logique commune des échanges matrimoniaux se fait jour, qui constitue un trait distinctif de « l’identité » française et plus largement européenne occidentale. L’article remet en cause la distinction, avancée par Fernand Braudel, entre sociétés « étroites » faites de relations simples, concrètes, peu variables, et sociétés « larges et complexes ». La famille, la parenté, le mariage et l’alliance sont susceptibles d’une approche anthropologique ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives à la recherche historique. L’étude propose une première explication des fondements idéologiques d’origine religieuse qui ont soutenu cette logique et des éléments culturels et socio-économiques qui en ont déterminé la crise au cours des XVIIIe-XIXe siècles, en insistant particulièrement sur le problème de la mobilité de la population. Cette crise ouvre la voie au système contemporain. Les acquis de cet article conduisent à proposer quelques réflexions sur le problème du contexte en histoire.
Les délégations de la Seigneurie (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle)
Authors: Sambo Alessandra 
Published: May 2016

Résumé
À l’époque moderne, l’État vénitien – composé d’une ville (la Dominante), des domaines de Terre ferme et de possessions maritimes – se présente comme une réalité complexe dans laquelle coexistent des cultures, mais surtout des systèmes juridiques profondément différents. Cet article analyse un type particulier de suppliques, fréquemment utilisé par les sujets et destiné à suspendre le procès et à obtenir son transfert (delegazione) à une autre cour locale ou vénitienne. Les principes et les modalités qui inspirent le recours à ces suppliques sont abordés à partir des catégories interprétatives de l’État juridictionnel pré-moderne, grâce auxquelles peut être proposée une lecture du système juridique vénitien en cohérence avec celui des autres États européens. Au sujet, qui a des motifs de croire que le jugement d’un procès sera contaminé par l’inégalité de position et de ressources des parties, est concédé le droit de supplier à la Seigneurie la grâce de déléguer la cause à une autre cour. La procédure pour la concession de cette grâce, qui est un acte politique, repose sur l’examen contradictoire des parties et débouche sur un jugement. Bien que dans le cours du procès soient maintenues des garanties analogues à celles de la procédure civile et criminelle ordinaire, cette nature mixte de la délégation fait que le jugement ne peut pas seulement se conformer à de rigides normes juridiques, mais est un acte discrétionnaire de la part de juges patriciens qui appliquent une lecture politique du contexte de l’affaire. De ce fait, la supplique, pour être persuasive, doit proposer une version « politique » des faits, en lieu et place de la vérité légale. Cette procédure induit aussi une négociation car les parties jouissent d’une forte autonomie dans la gestion du conflit et, parfois, l’objectif n’est pas tant une décision judiciaire que la création de conditions plus favorables à la pratique d’un contradictoire extrajudiciaire non violent. Ce caractère négocié de la procédure a facilité sa large diffusion ; en retour, cette sortie volontaire des réseaux locaux a créé les conditions d’une contamination culturelle des systèmes juridiques, dans laquelle on peut voir l’embryon d’un lexique commun entre les divers sous-systèmes qui composent l’État vénitien.
SISTEMA DE TRANSPORTE Y EMBALAJE UTILIZANDO ROBÓTICA COOPERATIVA BASADA EN TEORÍA DE COLONIAS DE HORMIGAS MEDIANTE PLATAFORMA MINDSTORM DE LEGO®
Authors: Camargo Lopez Julian Rolando , Hernández Suárez Nélida Johanna , Rodríguez Tibaduiza Ana del Pilar 
Published: May 2016

En este artículo se presenta una propuesta que sugiere el siguiente paso evolutivo de la automatización (y más aún de la ejecución manual): la robótica cooperativa, aquí se muestra un sistema enfocado a la selección y embalaje, etapa final de la mayoría de procesos industriales. El problema fue abordado con agentes robóticos con diferentes características que trabajan emulando la organización de una colonia de hormigas, haciendo de estas etapas un proceso eficiente, eficaz y de gran flexibilidad ante los cambios de la producción.Transportation and Packaging System Using Cooperative Robotics Based on Theory of Ants Colonies Using Platform LEGO® MindstormAbstractThis article presents a proposal that suggests the next evolutionary step of automation (and even more of manual execution): the cooperative robotics. In the next pages is presented a system of selection and packaging, which is part of the final stage of almost any industrial process. The problem was addressed with robotic agents with different features that work emulating the organization of a colony of ants making these stage efficient, effective and highly flexible in the face of production changes.Key words: ant colony, autonomous robot, Bluetooth®, multiagent system, robotics cooperative.
Copper and the evolution of space in high modernist America and Japan
Authors: James LeCain Timothy 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This essay makes a neo-materialist analysis of the extraction and use of copper in the first half of the twentieth century, using two sites as empirical examples, one American and the other Japanese. By moving beyond the modernist dichotomies that separate mine and city, nature and technology, and the “natural” and built environment, I argue that copper has played a central role in creating modern human spatial relationships and associated cultures. I offer two specific examples. First, the extraction of copper and the resulting pollution challenged the modern capitalist idea that material things could be abstracted into idealized commodities of exchange that were spatially distinct from their places of origin and each other. In actual historical practice, though, this abstracted space of global commodity exchange was repeatedly undermined by local spaces where real commodities often interacted in unanticipated ways. Second, once this extracted copper was formed into far-flung networks of wires, it challenged earlier spatial concepts in which the burning of coal or other energy-rich materials had always occurred very near to the site where the resulting power would be used. By creating what Manuel Castells’ terms a “space of flow” in which power could be instantaneously transmitted over long distances, copper wires created the illusion of an immaterial and even placeless source of power. Ironically, though, this immaterial illusion could only be sustained by surrounding humans with large amounts of very real copper wires. In both of these examples, the extraction and use of copper shaped human space and societies in unanticipated ways, challenging the modernist assumption that humans could fully understand and control the material things they extracted from nature and embedded in their built environments.
Electroconductive and electroresponsive membranes for water treatment
Authors: Ronen Avner , Walker Sharon L. , Jassby David 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In populated, water-scarce regions, seawater and wastewater are considered as potable water resources that require extensive treatment before being suitable for consumption. The separation of water from salt, organic, and inorganic matter is most commonly done through membrane separation processes. Because of permeate flux and concentration polarization, membranes are prone to fouling, resulting in a decline in membrane performance and increased energy demands. As the physical and chemical properties of commercially available membranes (polymeric and ceramic) are relatively static and insensitive to changes in the environment, there is a need for stimuli-reactive membranes with controlled, tunable surface and transport properties to decrease fouling and control membrane properties such as hydrophilicity and permselectivity. In this review, we first describe the application of electricity-conducting and electricity-responsive membranes (ERMs) for fouling mitigation. We discuss their ability to reduce organic, inorganic, and biological fouling by several mechanisms, including control over the membrane’s surface morphology, electrostatic rejection, piezoelectric vibrations, electrochemical reactions, and local pH changes. Next, we examine the use of ERMs for permselectivity modification, which allows for the optimization of rejection and control over ion transport through the application of electrical potentials and the use of electrostatically charged membrane surfaces. In addition, electrochemical reactions coupled with membrane filtration are examined, including electro-oxidation and electro-Fenton reactions, demonstrating the capability of ERMs to electro-oxidize organic contaminates with high efficiency due to high surface area and reduced mass diffusion limitations. When applicable, ERM applications are compared with commercial membranes in terms of energy consumptions. We conclude with a brief discussion regarding the future directions of ERMs and provide examples of several applications such as pore size and selectivity control, electrowettability, and capacitive deionization. To provide the reader with the current state of knowledge, the review focuses on research published in the last 5 years.
Deciphering variability in the role of interleukin-1β in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Saghazadeh Amene , Ferrari Carina C. , Rezaei Nima 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough the role of inflammation in neurodegeneration has been well acknowledged, less is known on the issue of each cytokine in specific neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will present evidence elucidating that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has a multi-faceted character in pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, which is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Increased levels of IL-1β were found in PD patients. Besides, PD symptoms were observed in IL-1β wild-type, but not deficient, animals. These lines of evidence suggest that IL-1β may contribute to the initiation or progression of PD. On the other hand, some studies reported decreased levels of IL-1β in PD patients. Also, genetic studies provided evidence suggesting that IL-1β may protect individuals against PD. Presumably, the broad range of IL-1β role is due to its interaction with both upstream and downstream mediators. Differences in IL-1β levels could be because of glia population (i.e. microglia and astrocytes), mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor κ light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathways, and several mediators (including cyclooxygenase, neurotrophic factors, reactive oxygen species, caspases, heme oxygenase-1, and matrix metalloproteinases). Although far from practice at this point, unraveling theoretical therapeutic targets based on the up-down IL-1β neuroweb could facilitate the development of strategies that are likely to be used for pharmaceutical designs of anti-neurodegenerative drugs of the future.
Development and Genetic Characterization of an Advanced Backcross-Nested Association Mapping (AB-NAM) Population of Wild × Cultivated Barley
Authors: Nice Liana M , Steffenson Brian J , Brown-Guedira Gina L , Akhunov Eduard D , Liu Chaochih , Kono Thomas J Y , Morrell Peter L , Blake Thomas K , Horsley Richard D , Smith Kevin P , Muehlbauer Gary J 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The ability to access alleles from unadapted germplasm collections is a long-standing problem for geneticists and breeders. Here we developed, characterized, and demonstrated the utility of a wild barley advanced backcross-nested association mapping (AB-NAM) population. We developed this population by backcrossing 25 wild barley accessions to the six-rowed malting barley cultivar Rasmusson. The 25 wild barley parents were selected from the 318 accession Wild Barley Diversity Collection (WBDC) to maximize allelic diversity. The resulting 796 BC2F4:6 lines were genotyped with 384 SNP markers, and an additional 4022 SNPs and 263,531 sequence variants were imputed onto the population using 9K iSelect SNP genotypes and exome capture sequence of the parents, respectively. On average, 96% of each wild parent was introgressed into the Rasmusson background, and the population exhibited low population structure. While linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay (r2 = 0.2) was lowest in the WBDC (0.36 cM), the AB-NAM (9.2 cM) exhibited more rapid LD decay than comparable advanced backcross (28.6 cM) and recombinant inbred line (32.3 cM) populations. Three qualitative traits: glossy spike, glossy sheath, and black hull color were mapped with high resolution to loci corresponding to known barley mutants for these traits. Additionally, a total of 10 QTL were identified for grain protein content. The combination of low LD, negligible population structure, and high diversity in an adapted background make the AB-NAM an important tool for high-resolution gene mapping and discovery of novel allelic variation using wild barley germplasm.
Elazığ’da 2010-2012 Yılları Arasında Otopsisi Yapılan Ateşli Silahlara Bağlı Ölümlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Türkoğlu Abdurrahim , Tokdemir Mehmet , Tunçez Ferhat Turgut , Börk Turgay , Yaprak Burhan , Şen Mustafa 
Published: May 2016

The rate of deaths due to firearms is gradually increasing in our country and worldwide. Considering all medicolegal deaths, deaths due to firearms constitute a significant proportion. The purpose of our study is to determine general characteristics of death cases due to firearms and to compare them with similar studies.120 cases (14.3%) who were determined to be died due to firearms out of 838 cases that were undergone death examination and autopsy between 2010-2012 in Fırat University Hospital, Department of Forensic Medicine in Elazig were retrospectively evaluated. These cases were assessed based on the parameters such as age, sex, origin, type of gun used, shooting distance, number of entry, localization of wound, place of event and time of the event. 102 (85%) of the cases were men and 18 (15%) were women. Mean age was 31.58±14.34, including 9 years as the youngest and 86 as the oldest. It was observed that deaths occurred within 20-29 age group (45.8%), during May (14.2%) and summer (30.8%) more often. While the most frequent origins were terror (32.2%) and suicide (32.2%), other reasons were murder (27.3%) and accidental death. It was also observed that 81 of the cases (66.1%) had single entry hole and deaths were mostly due to head-neck injury (37.5%).Deaths due to firearms constitute an important part of criminal deaths occurring in our region. When compared with the data from Turkey and the world, some differences associated with regional factors are observed such as terror and sociocultural characteristics. We suggest that use of unlicensed guns should be avoided, special care should be given to medical examination and licensing criteria before the issue of gun licences and society should be educated in order to decrease death rates due to firearms.Key words: Firearm injury, autopsy, suicide