bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rare occurrence of xanthine urolithiasis in siblings with Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome treated with allopurinol- A Case Report
Authors: jodorkovsky roberto , Trivedi Saloni , Rana Asama , Thomae Mitchell 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction- Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome (LNS) is an X-linked disorder affecting the metabolism of the purine salvage pathway leading to excessive serum uric acid production. Treatment of hyperuricemia with Allopurinol is usually effective to lower serum uric acid concentration to acceptable levels. Allopurinol blocks the conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine to serum uric acid in the purine degradation pathway. The effect of Allopurinol may result in excessive buildup of xanthine, potentially resulting in urolithiasis composed of xanthine. This rare occurrence poses a unique challenge maintaining a balance between lowering hyperuricemia and preventing the development of xanthine urolithiasis. This case report includes two siblings with LNS treated with Allopurinol who developed xanthine urolithiasis.
Case Description- Patients are siblings, a 22-year-old male and a 21-year-old female, with LNS diagnosed in early childhood. They both share similar manifestations of the disease and were treated with allopurinol with an intended therapeutic window of serum uric acid levels since diagnosis. Both were prone to developing urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis, the male more than the female, regardless of the medical regimen. Uric acid and calcium levels were normal in the serum and urine. Chemical analysis of calculi eliminated by both siblings revealed xanthine stones.
Conclusions- Patients with LNS tend to develop stones composed of urate. Rarely, they can also precipitate stones composed of xanthine resulting from its build up in serum and urine by Allopurinol. This complication should be considered in all patients undergoing treatment with allopurinol. Careful clinical monitoring and dose adjustments of Allopurinol must balance the need to control hyperuricemia with avoiding excessive blockade of hypoxanthine.
A comprehensive comparison study between DeepOnet and LSTM for very short-term prediction of ship motion
Authors: Zhao Yong , Zhao Jin-xiu , Wang Zi-zhong , Zou Li 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Very Short-term prediction of ship motion is critically important in many scenarios such as carrier aircraft landings and marine engineering operations. This paper introduces the newly developed functional deep learning model, named as Deep Operator Networks neural network(DeepOnet) to predict very short-term ship motion in waves. It takes wave height as input and predicts ship motion as output, employing a cause-to-effect prediction approach. The modeling data for this study is derived from publicly available experimental data at the Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research. Initially, the tuning of the hyperparameters within the neural network system was conducted to identify the optimal parameter combination. Subsequently, the DeepOnet model for wave height and multi-degree-of-freedom motion was established, and the impact of increasing time steps on prediction accuracy was analyzed. Lastly, a comparative analysis was performed between the DeepOnet model and the classical time series model, LSTM. It was observed that the DeepOnet model exhibited a tenfold improvement in accuracy for roll and heave motions. Furthermore, as the forecast duration increased, the advantage of the DeepOnet model showed a trend of strengthening. As a functional prediction model, DeepOnet offers a novel and promising tool for very short-term ship motion prediction.
An Integrated Deep Learning Framework for Early Prediction of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Mostafa Fahad , Khan Hafiz , Farhana Fardous 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a serious severe microvascular complication of diabetes that affects the eyes, leading to progressive damage to the retina and potential vision loss. Timely intervention and detection are crucial for preventing irreversible damage. With the advancement of technology, Deep Learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of medical diagnostics, offering a promising solution for the early prediction of diabetic retinopathy. This study compares four convolutional neural network architectures, DenseNet201, ResNet50, VGG19, and MobileNet V2. for predicting diabetic retinopathy prediction: DenseNet201, ResNet50, VGG19, and MobileNet V2. The evaluation is based on both accuracy and training time data. MobileNet V2 outperforms other models with a validation accuracy of \(\:78.22\text{\%}\). ResNet50 has the shortest training time (15.37 seconds). The findings emphasize the trade-off between model accuracy and computational efficiency, stressing MobileNet V2's potential applicability for Diabetic Retinopathy prediction due to its balance of high accuracy and reasonable training time. Making a 5-fold cross-validation with 100 repetitions, MobileNetV2 exhibits a validation accuracy of \(\:77.4\text{\%}\), showcasing its performance under the area under of the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) metric. This suggests its competence in effectively classifying data and highlights its robustness across multiple validation scenarios. Moreover, the clustering approach can find our damaged locations in the retina using the IRI method which achieves almost \(\:90\text{\%}\) accuracy. These findings are useful for researchers, and healthcare practitioners and researchers looking to investigate efficient and effective powerful models for predictive analytics to diagnose Diabetic Retinopathy.
Electrochemical Upcycling of Food Shell Waste for Fertilizer Production from Wastewater
Authors: Lei Yang , Zhan Zhengshuo , Luo Jiayu , Liu Jiyao , Saakes Michel , Weijden Renata van der , Buisman Cees , Liu Chongxuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Food shell waste (seashells, eggshells, etc.) disposal, water eutrophication, and nutrient scarcity are challenges that slow our pace toward sustainable development goals. We report an electrochemical strategy to upcycle food shell waste for fertilizer production from wastewater to tackle these challenges in one shot, in which shell waste is decomposed by anodic produced H+, supplying cations (i.e., Ca2+) and alkaline condition for nutrients (i.e., phosphate) reclamation from wastewater. In batch studies, this system demonstrates promising P reclamation (84–99%) towards three common real wastewaters with P levels ranging from 7 to 1577 mg/L, indicating its potential for diverse applications, including wastewater in industrial schemes and source-separated urine in densely populated settings. On the inspiring outcomes, we build a scalable prototype in a household scenario upcycling eggshells for P reclamation from human urine and demonstrate the variability of this upcycling strategy for practical applications by its encouraging performance (> 85% P recovery at 1.0 kWh/m3) and long-term stability. The corresponding life cycle assessment and economic analysis further suggest that this strategy can significantly reduce environmental impacts with promising economic viability by alternating the current separate treatments of eggshell and urine as wastes. Our work outlines a green and sustainable route in simultaneously managing food waste disposal and fertilizer reclamation from wastewater.
Antifungal activity of traversianal, a diterpenoid aldehyde from Cercospora sp. ME202, against rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae
Authors: Ino Masatoshi , Kihara Junichi , Ishihara Atsushi , Ueno Makoto 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Natural products from microorganisms are a rich resource for the identification of effective antifungal agents against plant pathogenic fungi. Traversianal, a diterpenoid produced by Cercospora spp., exhibits antifungal activity against Colletotrichum orbiculare, a pathogen that causes cucumber anthracnose. However, its effects on other fungi have not been investigated. Therefore, this study evaluated the antifungal activity of traversianal, derived from Cercospora sp. ME202, on Pyricularia oryzae, a rice blast pathogen. Traversianal exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on conidial germination, with complete inhibition at 30 ppm. In the thin-layer chromatography bioassay, traversianal was detected as an antifungal zone at Rf 0.91, indicating mycelial growth inhibition. In addition, the time course of the fungicidal activity against P. oryzae, evaluated using double-fluorescent staining with fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide, showed that most of the conidia were killed after 48 h of treatment with 40 ppm traversianal. In experiments with rice plants, blast lesion formation on rice leaves was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with traversianal. These results suggest the potential of traversianal as an inhibitory compound for the control of rice blast disease.
An epidemiological survey of bovine piroplasmosis in Kashgar, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Yuxia , Chen Xuke , Zhang Yanyan , Pu Na , Zhao Wenqing , Wang Zhengrong , Sun Yan , Jia Chunying , Bo Xinwen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Piroplasmosis is an important tick-borne disease in several regions, leading to significant economic losses in the development of animal husbandry. The present research aimed to systematically grasp the infection of bovine Piroplasma in Kashgar, Xinjiang, to provide a reference for the effective prevention and control of bovine piroplasmosis in the region. Based on the universal primers of Piroplasma and the specific primers of Theileria annulata, a total of 1403 bovine blood samples from 12 sampling sites were detected by PCR. The 18S rRNA gene sequence was amplified and sequenced. Species of Piroplasma were identified and phylogenetic relationship was analyzed using MEGA 7 and BLASTn tool of NCBI GenBank database. The overall infection rate of bovine Piroplasma was 65.93%(925/1403), a total of 3 species pathogens of Theileria including T. annulata, T. orientalis, and T. sinensis were detected out, and the infection rates were 65.07%༈913/1403) 、 0.50%༈7/1403) 、 0.07%༈1/1403). The mixed infection rate of T. orientalis and T. annulata was 0.29% (4/1403). No Babesia was detected in this study. In conclusion, bovine Piroplasmosis was still more serious in Kashgar. T. annulata is the dominant species, and there is a mixed infection of T. annulata and T. orientalis. In addition, it is noteworthy that T. sinensis was first detected in this region. Therefore, the prevention and control of bovine piroplasmosis should be strengthened.
Decoding the chicken gastrointestinal microbiome
Authors: Burrows PB , Santos Fernanda Godoy , KJ Lawther , Richmond Anne , Corcionivoschi N , Huws Sharon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Metataxonomic studies have underpinned a vast understanding of microbial communities residing within livestock gastrointestinal tracts, albeit studies have often not been combined to provide a global census. Consequently, in this study we characterised the overall and common ‘core’ chicken microbiota across the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), whilst assessing the effects of GIT location, bird breed, age and geographical location on the GIT resident microbes using metataxonomic data compiled from studies completed across the world. Specifically, bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA sequences from GIT samples associated with various breeds, differing in age, diet, GIT (caecum, faeces, ileum and jejunum) and geographical location were obtained from the Short Read Archive and analysed using the MGnify pipeline. Metataxonomic profiles produced across the 602 datasets illustrated the presence of 3 phyla, 25 families and 30 genera, of which core genera (defined by presence in over 90% of datasets) belonged to Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Butyricicoccus, Eisenbergiella, Subdoligranulum, Oscillibacter, Clostridium & Blautia. PERMANOVA analysis also showed that GIT location, bird breed, age and geographical location all had a significant effect on GIT microbial diversity. On a genus level, Faecalibacterium was most abundant in the caeca, Lactobacillus was most abundant in the faeces, ileum and jejunum, with the data showing that the caeca and faeces were most diverse. AIL F8 progeny, Ross 308 and Cobb 500 breeds GIT bacteria were dominated by Lactobacillus, and Eisenbergiella, Megamonas and Bacteroides were most abundant amongst Sasso-T451A and Tibetan chicken breeds. Microbial communities within each GIT region develop with age, from a Lactobacillus and Streptococcus dominated community during the earlier stages of growth, towards a Faecalibacterium, Eisenbergiella, Bacteroides, Megamonas, and Lactobacillus dominated community during the later stages of life. Geographical locations, and thus environmental effectors, also impacted upon gastrointestinal tract microbiota, with Canadian and European datasets being dominated by Lactobacillus, whilst UK and Chinese datasets were dominated by Eisenbergiella and Bacteroides respectively. This study aids in defining what ‘normal’ is within poultry gastrointestinal tract microbiota globally, which is imperative to enhancing the microbiome for productive and environmental improvements.
Alteration of oral flora in betel nut chewers
Authors: Han Yu , Lu Yanxu , Zhou Hongbo , Wang Ran , Chen Chengxin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives: To analyzed microbiota changes in gingival crevicular fluid of betel nut chewers and non-chewers.
Materials and methods: We collected gingival crevicular fluid samples from betel nut chewers and non-chewers and analyzed using 16srRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Various statistical methods were used for the test. P values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
Results: Data analysis of all the abundant species revealed a lower abundance of Tannerella and Treponema in the chewer without periodontitis group than in the other groups(P < 0.05), and Haemophilus were more abundant in that group(P < 0.05). A statistically significant difference in PD Whole tree was observed (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The results suggested that betel nut chewing altered the microbial flora in gingival crevicular fluid. However, the link between microbial changes and betel nut-induced periodontitis is speculative.
Forest Fire Ash Optimizer (FFA): A Novel Physics-based Metaheuristic Algorithm for Implementing Exploration-Exploitation Flexible Regulation
Authors: Lin Baisen , Yu Song , Wang Jigang , Zhou Xiaojing , Xie Congzhen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study proposes a novel physics-inspired metaheuristic algorithm named Forest Fire Ash Optimizer (FFA). Inspired by the characteristics of ash movement in different forest fire burning stages, intelligently transformed these regular behaviors into a variety of unique algorithmic mechanisms, including a four-population mechanism based on fitness and denseness partitioning, an inverse proportionality selection mechanism for elite influence, and an ash movement strategy grounded in actual physical phenomena. These components complement each other to enable flexible regulation of exploration and exploitation, i.e., the two phases are not merely sequential, but change dynamically depending on the search status of FFA agents. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, FFA is qualitatively analyzed using the CEC-2022 test suite. Additionally, the classical standard test suite, CEC-2017 test suite, and CEC-2022 test suite are conducted to compare the performance of FFA with 9 advanced algorithms. The results demonstrate that FFA excels in performance, exhibiting high stability, flexibility, and robustness. Finally, FFA is applied to 9 classical and challenging real-world engineering optimization problems. The results indicate that, compared to the competing algorithms, FFA provides superior and more novel solutions, predicting its potential for in-depth applications in more engineering fields.
Health and Well-Being in Medieval Estremoz, Portugal: Uncovering the Diet and Longevity of a Distinct and Thriving Community
Authors: Curto Ana , Navarrete Vanessa , Maurer Anne-France , Dias Cristina Barrocas , Fernandes Teresa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The intersection of socioeconomic policies and health in archaeological contexts highlights how ancient societies' structures, practices, and regulations influenced their people's health and well-being. This study investigates the diet and health of a 13th to 15th -century Portuguese town, Estremoz, known for having royal privileges. By analysing human remains for physiological stress indicators and employing stable isotopic analysis to estimate adult diet, the research provides insights into the life of this medieval population. Human remains (141 skeletons: 72 under 15 years old; 69 over 15 years old) from Rossio Marquês de Pombal (13th − 15th centuries) were analysed and faunal remains (N = 171) and bone collagen (N = 13 faunal remains; N = 37 human ribs: 14 females, 18 males, 5 undetermined) were examined to estimate adult diet using stable isotopic composition (δ15N and δ13C). Skeletal indicators of physiological stress (cribra orbitalia, cribra cranii, periosteal lesions, stature and body mass) were assessed to infer overall health. The diet was relatively uniform (δ13C x̄ = -18.3 ± 0.46‰; δ15N x̄ = 10.9 ± 0.77‰) with some outliers, mostly male, suggesting that there might have been outsiders in Estremoz attracted by the privileges given to its inhabitants. The low and non-severe frequency of physiological stress, particularly in females, indicates a good quality of life without major nutritional deficits. These findings illustrate how bioarchaeological studies can reveal the impact of social dynamics and cultural influences on past health.
Identification of CT-based Radiomic Biomarkers for Progression-Free Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ling Xiao , Bazyar Soha , Ferris Matthew , Molitoris Jason , Allor Erin , Thomas Hannah , Arons Danielle , Schumaker Lisa , Krc Rebecca , Mendes William Silva , Tran Phuoc T. , Sawant Amit , Mehra Ranee , Gaykalova Daria A. , Lei Ren 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study addresses the limited noninvasive tools for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) progression-free survival (PFS) prediction by identifying Computed Tomography (CT)-based biomarkers for predicting prognosis. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 203 HNSCC patients. An ensemble feature selection involving correlation analysis, univariate survival analysis, best-subset selection, and the LASSO-Cox algorithm was used to select functional features, which were then used to build final Cox Proportional Hazards models (CPH). Our CPH achieved a 0.69 concordance index in an external validation cohort of 77 patients. The model identified five CT-based radiomics features, Gradient ngtdm Contrast, Logσ=33D-FirstorderRootMeanSquared, Logσ=0.13D-glszm SmallAreaLowGrayLevelEmphasis, Exponential-gldm LargeDependenceHighGrayLevelEmphasis, and Gradient ngtdm Strength as survival biomarkers (p-value < 0.05). These findings contribute to our knowledge of how radiomics can be used to predict the outcome so that treatment plans can be tailored for people with HNSCC to improve their prognosis.
Variability of Agave amica in India Using SRAP Markers and Multivariate Analysis of Morphological Traits
Authors: PR Jadhav , AY Jagtap , PR Shingote , AU Solanke , MC Pagariya , Kumar PN , KV Prasad , PG Kawar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The genus Agave, indigenous to Mexico, comprises approximately 15 species, 3 varieties, and a few commercially cultivated cultivars. Despite its ornamental value and global economic importance, the development of new cultivars has been limited, with only two primary varieties and around 20 single and double-flower cultivars currently in cultivation, restricting the genetic diversity available to breeders. This study investigates the genetic and morphological diversity among thirteen tuberose (Agave amica) cultivars using Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) markers and morphological assessments. SRAP analysis generated 63 scorable bands, with 54 polymorphic and 9 monomorphic bands, resulting in about 81% polymorphism. Cluster analysis via the NTSYS-pc program grouped the cultivars into two major clusters, with genetic similarity coefficients ranging from 0.51 to 0.89, indicating significant genetic variation. Within Cluster I, Hyderabad Single and Arka Prajwal showed 85.93% similarity, while Arka Sugandhi shared 84.37% similarity with both. Arka Nirantara formed a distinct subgroup, showing 84.37% similarity with Arka Prajwal and 78.12% with Arka Sugandhi. In Cluster II, Bidhan Ujjwal and Arka Vaibhav exhibited high relatedness with 89.06% similarity. Sikkim Selection and Mexican Single formed a subgroup within this cluster. SRAP primers showed a resolving power ranging from 6 to 25, with an average of 3.85 polymorphic bands per primer pair and a PIC value of 0.528, demonstrating their effectiveness in distinguishing among cultivars. Morphological evaluation of 11 traits, including plant height, leaf dimensions, flowering period, and spike characteristics, revealed significant variability. Multifactorial Analysis (MFA) and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) identified key traits contributing to this diversity. The integration of molecular and morphological data offers a thorough understanding of the genetic and phenotypic diversity in tuberose, crucial for breeding, conservation, and the development of improved cultivars, as well as the effective conservation of its germplasm.
First detection of Arsenophonus in potato crop in Switzerland: a threat for the processing industry?
Authors: Mahillon Mathieu , Bussereau Floriane , Dubuis Nathalie , Brodard Justine , Debonneville Christophe , Schumpp Olivier 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The phloem-restricted phytopathogenic bacterium CandidatusArsenophonus phytopathogenicus (Ap) causes the “syndrome basses richesses” (SBR), which has recently emerged as a major burden for sugar beets in several countries of Western Europe. Here, we report the first identification of Ap and its planthopper vector Pentastiridius leporinus in potato fields in Switzerland in 2023. The bacterium was detected in potato plants and tubers exhibiting phytoplasma-like symptoms and collected from cantons currently experiencing SBR outbreaks. Although our analyses indicate the absence of the Stolbur phytoplasma, the pathogenicity of Ap in potato remains unclear, a fortioriin the context of the poor phytosanitary status of crops in Switzerland in 2023. In infected tubers, we show that Ap can be detected after dormancy from the stem end to the emerging sprouts with decreasing titers. Importantly, Ap might induce threadlike sprouts and the browning of the flesh upon frying, raising strong concerns for varieties marketed for chips production. Altogether, our results align with recent studies performed in Germany, highlighting the host shift of Ap and its vector from sugar beet to potato crops. Our data should raise awareness in other European countries where the presence of the bacterium has been recently described.