bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoelectron spectroscopy of deprotonated benzonitrile
Authors: Ashworth Eleanor K. , Bull James N. 
Published: September 2024

The recent discovery of cyano-substituted aromatic and two-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 has prompted questions on how the electronic structure and excited-state dynamics of these molecules are linked with their existence and abundance. Here, we report a photodetachment and frequency- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy study of jet-cooled para-deprotonated benzonitrile (p-[Bzn-H]−). The adiabatic detachment energy was determined as 1.70 ± 0.01 eV, in good agreement with CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations. The spectra across the first few electron-volts above threshold are dominated by prompt autodetachment processes associated with excitation of at least five short-lived (tens of femtoseconds) temporary anion shaped resonances since excitation cross sections are several orders of magnitude larger than direct photodetachment cross sections. The photoexcitation vibronic profile is dominated by a ≈640 cm−1 ring deformation mode. [Bzn-H]− lacks a valence-localized excited state situated below the detachment threshold and does not exhibit thermionic emission following excitation of the temporary anion resonances. Thus, [Bzn-H]− is unlikely to be stable in many interstellar environments.
Developing and implementing an Einsteinian science curriculum from years 3–10: A. Concepts, rationale and learning outcomes
Authors: Kaur Tejinder , Kersting Magdalena , Blair David , Adams Kyla , Treagust David , Santoso Jesse , Lonshakova Anastasia , Boublil Shon , Zadnik Marjan , Ju Li , Wood David , Horne Elaine , McGoran Darren 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There has been a growing realisation that school science curricula do not adequately reflect the revolutionary changes in our scientific understanding of the 20th century. This discrepancy between current school education and our modern scientific understanding has led to calls for the modernisation of the science curriculum. Although there have been attempts to introduce topics of Einsteinian physics (i.e. quantum physics and relativity) to school education, often at the secondary level, we still lack a seamless curriculum in which modern science concepts are gradually introduced in primary and middle schools. Guided by the Model of Educational Reconstruction and following a mixed-methods research design, the Einstein-First project aims to address this gap. Einstein-First has developed and implemented an Einsteinian curriculum from Years 3–10 (students aged 7–16) that resolves the disconnect between science in schools and modern scientific understanding. This paper presents the concepts and rationale for the Einstein-First learning approach, as well as a summary of learning outcomes in six Australian schools with 315 students across Years 3–10. Our generally positive findings lay the foundation for informed curriculum development and school education that provides all students with awareness and appreciation of the fundamental concepts that underpin the technologies of the modern world.
Dimension matters: precision and incompatibility in multi-parameter quantum estimation models
Authors: Candeloro Alessandro , Pazhotan Zahra , Paris Matteo G A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the role of probe dimension in determining the bounds of precision and the level of incompatibility in multi-parameter quantum estimation problems. In particular, we focus on the paradigmatic case of unitary encoding generated by

su

(
2
)

and compare precision and incompatibility in the estimation of the same parameters across representations of different dimensions. For two- and three-parameter unitary models, we prove that if the dimension of the probe is smaller than the number of parameters, then simultaneous estimation is not possible (the quantum Fisher matrix is singular). If the dimension is equal to the number of parameters, estimation is possible but the model exhibits maximal (asymptotic) incompatibility. However, for larger dimensions, there is always a state for which the incompatibility vanishes, and the symmetric Cramér-Rao bound is achievable. We also critically examine the performance of the so-called asymptotic incompatibility (AI) in characterising the difference between the Holevo-Cramér-Rao bound and the Symmetric Logarithmic Derivative one, showing that the AI measure alone may fail to adequately quantify this gap. Assessing the determinant of the Quantum Fisher Information Matrix is crucial for a precise characterisation of the model’s nature. Nonetheless, the AI measure still plays a relevant role since it encapsulates the non-classicality of the model in one scalar quantity rather than in a matrix form (i.e. the Uhlmann curvature).
Similar patterns of brain activity for holistic representation of working memory: a study in children and adults
Authors: Zhang Yi Fan , Strelnikov Kuzma 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Working memory is the fundamental function of the various cognitive processes and abilities in the overall trajectory of development. Significant advances in multivariate analysis of human functional magnetic resonance imaging data have converged functional segregation models toward integrated representation-based models. However, due to the inherent limitations of the multi-voxel pattern analysis method, we are unable to determine whether the underlying neural representations are spatially similar in the brain. Our study attempts to answer this question by examining the spatial similarity of brain activity during the working memory task in children and adults. Our results reveal similar patterns of activity between the regions involved in working memory. This functional network of similar spatial patterns was observed in both normally developing children and adults. However, the between-region similarity was more pronounced in adults than in children and associated with better performance. We propose an exchange of similar information flows through the brain at an integrated level of working memory processes, underpinning the holistic nature of working memory representation.
Association of serum zinc with mineral stress in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Sohail Azmat , Obereigner Jakob , Mitter Gregor , Schmid Thomas , Hofer Anna-Sofie , Schuster Gerhard , Hügl Astrid , Dorninger Angelika H , Mandl Markus , Pasch Andreas , Lackner Helmut K , Papousek Ilona , Dieplinger Benjamin , Suessner Susanne , Antlanger Marlies , Cejka Daniel , Alesutan Ioana , Voelkl Jakob 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
The excessive cardiovascular mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) could be linked to mineral stress, the biological consequence of calcium-phosphate nanoparticle exposure. This study investigated whether zinc is associated with mineral stress markers in CKD.

Methods
Zinc and T50 (serum calcification propensity) as well as hydrodynamic radius of secondary calciprotein particles (CPP2) were measured in blood donors and CKD patients with/out dialysis.

Results
Serum zinc concentrations and T50 were reduced, while CPP2 radius was increased in CKD patients. Serum zinc levels positively correlated with T50 and inversely correlated with CPP2 radius. In a hierarchical linear regression model, T50 was associated with age, calcium, phosphate, magnesium and albumin. Addition of zinc significantly improved prediction of the model, confirming an additional contribution of zinc to T50. Similar observations were made for the association of zinc and CPP2 radius, but spiking experiments indicated that zinc may stronger modify T50 than CPP2 radius. Also, urinary zinc excretion was increased in patients with kidney disease and correlated to T50 and CPP2 radius. Serum zinc further correlated with markers of arterial stiffness in blood donors and CKD patients, but these associations did not remain significant in a multivariate linear regression model.

Conclusions
Reduced serum zinc levels in CKD appear directly linked to lower T50 and associated with larger CPP2 radius. Further studies on the associations of zinc and mineral stress as well as putative therapeutic benefits of zinc supplementation are required.
An analysis of FRE @ BC8 SympTEMIST track: named entity recognition
Authors: Martinez Ander , García-Santa Nuria 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper is a more in-depth analysis of the approaches used in our submission (Martínez A, García-Santa N. (2023) FRE @ BC8 SympTEMIST track: Named Entity Recognition Zenodo.) to the ‘SympTEMIST’ Named Entity Recognition (NER) shared subtask at ‘BioCreative 2023’. We participated on the challenge submitting two systems based on a RoBERTa architecture LLM trained on Spanish-language clinical data available at ‘HuggingFace’ model repository. Before choosing the systems that would be submitted, we tried different combinations of the techniques described here: Conditional Random Fields and Byte-Pair Encoding dropout. In the second system we also included Sub-Subword feature based embeddings (SSW). The test set used in the challenge has now been released (López SL, Sánchez LG, Farré E et al. (2024) SympTEMIST Corpus: Gold Standard annotations for clinical symptoms, signs and findings information extraction. Zenodo), allowing us to analyze more in depth our methods, as well as measuring the impact of introducing data from CARMEN-I (Lima-López S, Farré-Maduell E, Krallinger M. (2023) CARMEN-I: Clinical Entities Annotation Guidelines in Spanish. Zenodo) corpus. Our experiments show the moderate effect of using the Sub-Subword feature based embeddings and the impact of including the symptom NER data from the CARMEN-I dataset.
Database URL: https://physionet.org/content/carmen-i/1.0/
Does speculation increase volatility in grain futures markets? Evidence from the Interwar Chicago Board of Trade
Authors: Iorgulescu Elissa A M , Pütz Alexander 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A key justification for futures regulation in the interwar period was the idea that speculators were making grain prices volatile, and therefore speculative activity needed to be restricted. This paper uses new data on grain futures contracts traded at the Chicago Board of Trade to empirically assess whether speculators Granger caused volatility in futures markets during the interwar period. We find that speculators did not Granger cause volatility, but volatile markets Granger caused speculative activity. These results suggest that speculators entered volatile markets but did not increase volatility.
Body image concerns in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: association with other patient-reported outcome measures
Authors: Frydensberg Vivi Skibdal , Möller Sören , Johansen Jens Brock , Strömberg Anna , Pedersen Susanne S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
To investigate associations between body image concerns (BICs) measured by the implantable cardioverter defibrillator body image concerns questionnaire (ICD-BICQ) and other patient-reported outcomes (PROs), in a cohort of patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).

Methods and results
In a cross-sectional survey, we included patients &gt; 18 years implanted with a first-time ICD (VVI, DDD, and cardiac re-synchronization therapy defibrillator) who had lived with their ICD from 3–24 months. They completed the 39-item ICD-BICQ together with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, Type D Scale, Health Status Questionnaire, and the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey. Data were analysed using linear regression to compare personality constructs between patients with and without BICs. Logistic repression and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to predict patients with BICs based on other PROs. A total of 330 patients completed the survey. Five patients were excluded due to re-operations leaving 325 patients in the analyses. A total of 20% reported BICs at the recommended cut-off at 36 points. Patients with BICs reported higher anxiety and depression levels, lower device acceptance and health status, and had a Type D personality as compared to patients without BICs. Florida Patient Acceptance Survey was moderately able to predict BICs, while other PROs only had limited ability to predict BICs.

Conclusion
Patients with BICs reported poorer PROs. The PRO instruments were not able to predict patients with BICs, indicating that the ICD-BICQ provides independent relevant clinical information. In clinical practice, healthcare professionals can use the ICD-BICQ to identify and obtain information on possible BICs. The ICD-BICQ can also be used to evaluate new operation techniques.
Components of the Atrial fibrillation Better Care pathway for holistic care of patients with atrial fibrillation: a win ratio analysis from the COOL-AF registry
Authors: Krittayaphong Rungroj , Treewaree Sukrit , Lip Gregory Y H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Compliance with integrated care based on the Atrial fibrillation Better Care (ABC) pathway has been associated with improved clinical outcomes. The primary objective of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of AF patients according to the compliant status of each component of the ABC pathway in a hierarchical win ratio approach.

Methods and results
We studied AF patients in the COOL-AF registry. Each patient was followed every 6 months until 3 years. A win ratio analysis was performed, as not all clinical outcomes are equivalent. The hierarchical outcomes were (1) all-cause death, (2) intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), (3) ischaemic stroke/systemic embolism, (4) non-ICH major bleedings, and (5) acute myocardial infarction or heart failure. We also assessed win ratio and win proportion variance over the follow-up time, and the variations over time. A total of 3405 patients (mean age 67.8 ± 11.3; 41.8% female) were studied. Win ratio of ABC-compliant (all three components) vs. ABC-not-compliant was 1.57 (1.35–1.83), P &lt; 0.001. When adding time in therapeutic range (TTR) data for compliant criteria for those who were on warfarin, the win ratio increased to 2.28 (1.89–2.75), P &lt; 0.001. The A-compliant group (plus TTR data), B-compliant, and C-compliant had the win ratio of 1.81 (1.51–2.12), 1.82 (1.53–2.16), and 1.39 (1.18–1.62), all P &lt; 0.001, compared to not compliant group.

Conclusion
Management of AF patients according to each component of the ABC pathway is associated with better clinical outcomes compared to those non-compliant to ABC pathway. This finding underscores the importance of a holistic management approach strategy for AF patients.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Frailty Distribution: A Cross-National Comparison of the United States and England
Authors: Wilkie Rachel Z , Ailshire Jennifer A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study is to examine differences in socioeconomic gradients (i.e., education, income, and wealth) in frailty by gender in the United States and England.

Methods
We used harmonized data from the Health and Retirement Study and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing in 2016. Frailty status was determined from measured and self-reported signs and symptoms in 5 domains: unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slow walking speed, and weakness. Respondents were classified as robust (no signs or symptoms of frailty), prefrail (signs or symptoms in 1–2 domains), or frail (signs or symptoms in 3 or more domains). Gender-stratified multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between educational attainment, household income, and household wealth with the risk of frailty and prefrailty, with and without covariates. We also calculated the slope index of inequalities on the predicted probabilities of frailty by income and wealth quintiles.

Results
We found socioeconomic gradients in prefrailty and frailty by education, income, and wealth. Furthermore, the educational gradient in frailty was significantly steeper for U.S. women compared to English women, and the income gradient was steeper for U.S. men and women compared to English men and women. The between-country differences were not accounted for by adjusting for race/ethnicity and behavioral factors.

Discussion
Socioeconomic gradients in prefrailty and frailty differ by country setting and gender, suggesting contextual factors such as cultural norms, healthcare access and quality, and economic policy may contribute to the effect of different measures of socioeconomic status on prefrailty and frailty risk.
Organizational resilience and primary care nurses’ work conditions and well-being: a multilevel empirical study in China
Authors: Wang Wenhua , Li Mengyao , Zhang Jinnan , Zhao Ruixue , Yang Huiyun , Mitchell Rebecca 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Resilience is crucial for a health system to better prevent and respond to public health threats and provide high-quality services. Despite the growing interest in the concept of resilience in health care, however, there is little empirical evidence of the impact of organizational resilience, especially in primary care settings. As the largest professional group in primary care, primary care nurses are taking more and more responsibilities during their daily practice, which influences both their work conditions and well-being. This study aims to examine the association between organizational resilience and primary care nurses’ working conditions and well-being. Using a convenience sampling approach, we recruited 175 primary care nurses from 38 community health centres (CHCs) in four cities in China. Organizational resilience was operationalized as comprising two domains: adaptive capacity and planning capacity, and measured using a 16-item scale. The primary care nurses’ working condition indicators comprised variables of psychological safety, organizational commitment, professional commitment, and self-directed learning; well-being indicators included depression and burn-out. Hierarchical linear regression models were built for analysis. We found that the sampled CHCs have a relatively high level of organizational resilience. The organizational resilience was positively associated with the four indicators of working conditions: psychological safety (β = 0.04, P &lt; 0.01), organizational commitment (β = 0.38, P &lt; 0.01), professional commitment (β = 0.39, P &lt; 0.01), and self-directed learning (β = 0.28, P &lt; 0.01). However, organizational resilience was not significantly associated with the two well-being indicators. Furthermore, we found that the adaptive capacity has stronger association compared with planning capacity. Therefore, primary care manager should build resilient organizations, especially the adaptive capacity, in order to enhance primary care nurses’ psychological safety, commitment and learning behaviours. Further studies should also be conducted to understand the link between organizational resilience and primary care nurses’ well-being.
Distinct Effects of Major Affective Disorder Diagnoses and Suicidal Symptom Severity on Inhibitory Control Function and Proinflammatory Cytokines: Single-Site Analysis of 800 Adolescents and Adults
Authors: Bai Ya-Mei , Chen Mu-Hong , Hsu Ju-Wei , Huang Hsiang-Hsuan , Jeng Jia-Shyun , Tsai Shih-Jen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Inhibitory control function and proinflammatory cytokines play a role in the pathomechanisms underlying major affective disorders and suicidal behavior. However, the distinct or interactive effects of major affective disorders and suicidal symptom severity on inhibitory control function and proinflammatory cytokines remain unclear.

Methods
This study included 287 patients with bipolar disorder, 344 with major depressive disorder, and 169 healthy controls. We categorized the participants into 3 groups based on Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) item 10 (suicidal symptoms) score: 0, 2 or 3, and ≥4. The participants completed the go/no-go task and the measurements for C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels.

Results
Errors in the go/no-go task were associated with suicidality (P = .040), regardless of the severity of suicidal symptoms and diagnosis. An elevated CRP level was especially associated with a Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale item 10 score ≥4 (P = .001). An increased TNF-α level could distinguish bipolar disorder from major depressive disorder (P &lt; .001).

Discussion
Our study indicated the distinct effects of major affective disorder diagnosis and suicide symptom severity on inhibitory control function and CRP and TNF-α levels. Importantly, individuals with the poorest inhibitory control function and highest CRP levels had more severe suicidal symptoms.
How is tree growth rate linked to root functional traits in phylogenetically related poplar hybrids?
Authors: Rabearison Toky Jeriniaina , Poirier Vincent , Laganière Jérôme , DesRochers Annie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fine roots play a crucial role in soil nutrient and water acquisition, significantly contributing to tree growth. Fine roots with a high specific root length (SRL) and small diameter are often considered to help trees grow fast. However, inconsistencies in the literature do not provide a clear basis on the effect of root functional traits, such as SRL or root mass density (RMD), on tree growth rate in phylogenetically related trees. Our aim was to examine relationships between tree growth rate and root functional traits, using clones displaying different growth rates in a hybrid poplar plantation located in New Liskeard, ON, Canada. Fine roots (diameter &lt; 2 mm) samples were collected using soil cores at depths of 0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm, and analyzed for morphological, chemical and architectural traits. High SRL and thin fine roots were associated with the least productive clones, which is not consistent with the root economics spectrum (RES) theory. However, the most productive clone had larger fine root diameter and higher root lignin concentrations, probably reducing root construction and maintenance costs and carbon losses. Therefore, at the 0–20 and 20–40 cm depths, tree growth rates showed positive correlations with root diameter and root lignin concentrations, but negative correlations with SRL and root soluble compounds concentration. Increasing RMD at the 0–20 cm depth promoted tree growth rates, showing the importance of soil exploration in the topsoil for tree growth. We conclude that fine root variation does not always follow the RES hypothesis and argue that the rapid growth rate of trees may also be driven by fine root growth in diameter and mass in phylogenetically related trees.