bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term changes of sodium column abundance at 24.6°S above the Atacama Desert in Chile
Authors: Haguenauer P. , von Savigny C. , Plane J. M. C. , Marsh D. R. , Feng W. , Holzlöhner R. , Langowski M. 
Published: September 2024

Aims. The utilisation of artificial laser guide star (LGS) obviates the necessity for a prominent natural guide star (NGS) within adaptive optics (AO) systems. High-power lasers are fundamental components of most AO systems today. The generation of an LGS relies on the excitation of sodium (denoted by its symbol Na) atoms situated in the upper atmosphere. Therefore, the sodium vertical column density (denoted as CNa) is a crucial parameter. Beyond ensuring the optimal and stable performance of an AO system, knowledge of the return flux from an LGS is imperative during the design phase, aiding in the accurate specification of both the LGS and the AO system. The availability of sodium in the upper atmosphere has been the focal point of diverse studies, exhibiting a pronounced dependence on the specific observatory site. Furthermore, it is well established that CNa varies across multiple timescales, including hours, nights, months, seasons, and even several years. As many of the world’s largest telescopes are located in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile, our objective is to provide CNa statistics pertinent to this specific region.
Methods. We used telemetry data from the AO systems operational at the Paranal Observatory (24.6°S, 70.4°W): Ground Atmospheric Layer Adaptive Corrector for Spectroscopic Imaging (GALACSI) and Ground layer Adaptive Optics system Assisted by Lasers (GRAAL). We combined these data with measurements from two space instruments: SCanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) and Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS), as well as with simulated data from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). We carefully analysed and compared these datasets to develop a statistical model for the temporal variations of CNa.
Results. We validated the use of the AO telemetry data from Paranal systems to retrieve the CNa. The near-continuous measurements encompassing the period from mid-2017 to the end of 2023 facilitated the determination of monthly and yearly abundance and variability of Na in the mesopause region. Throughout the complete years of measurement, the annual and semi-annual variations exhibit consistent characteristics that align with previously documented findings in atmospheric studies. Through meticulous comparison and the fitting of various long-term datasets, we formulated a model depicting the evolution of CNa over time. The validity of our data processing and model is scrutinised, and the results obtained for the Paranal latitude exhibit noteworthy concordance with the findings of other studies.
Cosmic evolution of the Faraday rotation measure in the intracluster medium of galaxy clusters
Authors: Rappaz Y. , Schober J. , Bendre A. B. , Seta A. , Federrath C. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Radio observations have revealed magnetic fields in the intracluster medium (ICM) of galaxy clusters, and their energy density is nearly in equipartition with the turbulent kinetic energy. This suggests magnetic field amplification by dynamo processes during cluster formation. However, observations are limited to redshifts ɀ ≲ 0.7, and the weakly collisional nature of the ICM complicates studying magnetic field evolution at higher redshifts through theoretical models and simulations.
Aims. Using a model of the weakly collisional dynamo, we modelled the evolution of the Faraday rotation measure (RM) in galaxy clusters of different masses, up to ɀ ≃ 1.5, and investigated its properties such as its radial distribution up to the virial radius r200. We compared our results with radio observations of various galaxy clusters.
Methods. We used merger trees generated by the modified GALFORM algorithm to track the evolution of plasma quantities during galaxy cluster formation. Assuming the magnetic field remains in equipartition with the turbulent velocity field, we generated RM maps to study their properties.
Results. We find that both the standard deviation of RM, σRM, and the absolute average |µRM| increase with cluster mass. Due to redshift dilution, RM values for a fixed cluster mass remain nearly constant between ɀ = 0 and ɀ = 1.5. For r/r200 ≳ 0.4, σRM does not vary significantly with ℒ/r200, with ℒ being the size of the observed RM patch. Below this limit, σRM increases as ℒ decreases. We find that radial RM profiles have a consistent shape, proportional to 10−1.2(r/r200), and are nearly independent of redshift. Our ɀ ≃ 0 profiles for Mclust = 1015 M⊙ match RM observations in the Coma cluster but show discrepancies with Perseus, possibly due to high gas mixing. Models for clusters with Mclust = 1013 and 1015 M⊙ at ɀ = 0 and ɀ = 0.174 align well with Fornax and A2345 data for r/r200 ≲ 0.4. Our model can be useful for generating mock polarization observations for current and next-generation radio telescopes.
Large language models empowered agent-based modeling and simulation: a survey and perspectives
Authors: Gao Chen , Lan Xiaochong , Li Nian , Yuan Yuan , Ding Jingtao , Zhou Zhilun , Xu Fengli , Li Yong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAgent-based modeling and simulation have evolved as a powerful tool for modeling complex systems, offering insights into emergent behaviors and interactions among diverse agents. Recently, integrating large language models into agent-based modeling and simulation presents a promising avenue for enhancing simulation capabilities. This paper surveys the landscape of utilizing large language models in agent-based modeling and simulation, discussing their challenges and promising future directions. In this survey, since this is an interdisciplinary field, we first introduce the background of agent-based modeling and simulation and large language model-empowered agents. We then discuss the motivation for applying large language models to agent-based simulation and systematically analyze the challenges in environment perception, human alignment, action generation, and evaluation. Most importantly, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent works of large language model-empowered agent-based modeling and simulation in multiple scenarios, which can be divided into four domains: cyber, physical, social, and hybrid, covering simulation of both real-world and virtual environments, and how these works address the above challenges. Finally, since this area is new and quickly evolving, we discuss the open problems and promising future directions. We summarize the representative papers along with their code repositories in https://github.com/tsinghua-fib-lab/LLM-Agent-Based-Modeling-and-Simulation.
Temperature stabilization of a lab space at 10 mK-level over a day
Authors: Fife Dylan , Shin Dong-Chel , Sudhir Vivishek 
Published: September 2024

Temperature fluctuations over long time scales (≳ 1 h) are an insidious problem for precision measurements. In optical laboratories, the primary effect of temperature fluctuations is drifts in optical circuits over spatial scales of a few meters and temporal scales extending beyond a few minutes. We present a lab-scale environment temperature control system approaching 10 mK-level temperature instability across a lab for integration times above an hour and extending to a day. This is achieved by passive isolation of the laboratory space from the building walls using a circulating air gap and an active control system feeding back to heating coils at the outlet of the laboratory’s Heating-Ventilation-Air-Conditioning (HVAC) unit. These techniques together result in 20 dB suppression of the temperature power spectrum across the lab at 10−4 Hz—approaching the limit set by statistical coherence of the temperature field—and 10 mK Allan deviation around 15 °C after an hour of averaging, which is an order of magnitude better than any previous report for a full laboratory.
Crossing boundaries in an age of post-translation studies
Authors: Lifei Pan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The cycle of symphonic songs Das Lied von der Erde was based on Die Chinesische
Flöte, a German version of classical Chinese poems. As a result, Die Chinesische Flöte crossed the
boundary between literature and music, encompassing intralingual, interlingual, and intersemiotic translations. While comparative
textual analysis reveals that these two works made changes to the original Chinese texts, intersemiotic translation illustrates
that the borders between verbal texts and nonverbal works are fluid. This post-translation study traces the translation context of
Das Lied, maps Die Chinesische Flöte’s transitions between literary and musical polysystems,
and traces Das Lied’s afterlife in the creation of new artworks. It concludes that poetry, music, and other art
forms can mutually translate, complement, and become afterlives of one another.
Micromixing strategies for efficient mixing processes: a comprehensive review
Authors: Soltani Delara , Persoons Tim , Alimohammadi Sajad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The demand for rapid, high-quality, and controlled mixing at the microscale has led to the development of various types of micromixers. Micromixers are commonly categorised as active, or passive based on whether they utilise external energy to enhance mixing. Passive micromixers utilise a complex geometry to enhance the diffusion coefficient at lower Reynolds numbers and induce chaotic advection at higher Reynolds numbers for effectively mixing fluids without external energy. Active micromixers, on the other hand, achieve precise, fast, and controllable mixing by employing external energy sources such as pressure, electric, magnetic, or acoustic fields. Some active methods such as magnetic field-driven micromixers need fluids with specific properties. Others, such as acoustic field-driven micromixers apply to various types of fluids. Bubbles can be used as membranes or stirrers in microfluidic devices for both passive and active micromixers. They are easy to use, compatible with microfluidic systems, low cost, and effective. Improvements in manufacturing methods, notably, 3D printing have emerged as promising methods for the development of new micromixer designs. In this paper, a wide range of micromixer types is reviewed and the main mechanism for enhanced mixing is investigated. This study aims to guide researchers proposing innovative designs. Furthermore, it is shown that combining different methods can lead to the development of more effective micromixers, promising further advancements in microscale mixing technology.
Physics-informed neural networks with data-driven in modeling and characterizing piezoelectric micro-bender
Authors: Nguyen Binh Huy , Torri G B , Rochus V 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Despite the rapid development and widespread adoption of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) in various engineering fields, their applications in microelectromechanical coupling systems (MEMS) remain relatively unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate a novel implementation of PINNs for modeling and characterizing a piezoelectric microactuator. By leveraging the beam-like structure, the governing equations for a multi-layered piezoelectric actuator are first derived and subsequently incorporated into the PINNs model to accurately predict the deformation of the piezoelectric actuator in response to a given voltage input. Furthermore, by integrating experimental deflection data obtained from Laser Doppler Vibrometer measurements into the neural network, we further demonstrate the potential of PINNs in identifying the piezoelectric material coefficient through inverse analysis. Our contribution in applying PINNs to models and characterizing piezoelectric actuators in MEMS serves as a promising starting point for the broader utilization of machine learning techniques in this field.
Radiation properties of [C4F7N-CO2-O2]-PTFE-Cu mixtures at high temperatures and pressures for high-voltage circuit breakers
Authors: Deng Junwei , Zhang Boya , Cao Minchuan , Wang Guanyu , Chen Shizhe , Wang Zhoujing , Li Xingwen , Murphy Anthony B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
C4F7N–CO2–O2 is currently considered the most promising replacement for SF6 in high-voltage circuit breakers. During high-current interruption conditions, arc radiation plays a pivotal role in arc modeling and is frequently accompanied by vapors ablated from the electrodes and nozzles. To investigate the influence of ablated vapors on the radiative properties of gas mixtures, net emission coefficients (NECs) for various ratios of C4F7N mixtures and PTFE and Cu vapors are calculated under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium. The NECs for [C4F7N–CO2–O2]-PTFE-Cu mixtures that are obtained are required for radiation modeling and arc simulation in high-voltage circuit breakers. It has been found that neglecting the presence of PTFE vapor does not affect the NEC at high temperatures. However, the influence of copper vapor on the radiative properties in the high-temperature region becomes apparent at elevated ratios, and self-absorption is more pronounced at very high pressures. Based on these findings, recommendations for choosing NECs for use in modeling that balance accuracy and efficiency are proposed.
First-principles study of oxygen vacancy defects in β-quartz SiO2/Si interfaces
Authors: Zheng Ruogu , Xu Zhengyu , Feng Muti , Xiang Bo , Wang Hai , Wang Qingbo , Zhong Hongxia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Understanding the electronic structures of gate oxides in Si-based devices is significant for improving device performance. We investigate the electronic properties of the oxygen vacancy defects in β-quartz SiO2/Si interface structure using first-principles calculations. The results indicate that the constructed (SiO2)4/(Si)4 structure is an indirect-gap semiconductor, with its band edges contributed by Si side and a large band-edge energy difference (

>

1.780 eV). Our study reveals that the presence of oxygen vacancy defects reduces the band gap, and

V

O

1

is transformed from indirect into direct band gap. The Si dangling bonds in

V

O

1

cause charge localization around the O vacancy, while the formation of Si–Si bonds in

V

O

2

and

V

O

3

lead to electron delocalization. In the calculation of defect formation energies, we find that

V

O

1

maintains the lowest formation energy across different states, making it more likely to form and structurally stable. Compared to O-rich environments, the formation energy in O-poor environments is overall reduced by approximately 4.5 eV, indicating that oxygen vacancy defects are more likely to form and be controlled under O-poor conditions. Our study emphasizes the importance of interface structure and defect characteristics in semiconductor research, providing insights for the development of Si-based devices.
Design of highly selective ultrawideband FSS based on deep learning for EMI shielding in 5G bands
Authors: Li Yan , Yu Shijia , Li Da , Zhang Ling , Liu Enxiao , Li Erping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a frequency selective surface (FSS) for n41, n78, n257, n258, n260, and n261 bands electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is proposed using a deep learning method. The size of the FSS unit cell is 4.8 mm (0.071

λ
0

), where

λ
0

is the wavelength corresponding to the cutoff frequency of the −10 dB stopband where the n41 and n78 bands are located. This FSS exhibits three key characteristics. Firstly, it possesses ultrawideband capability, with a stopband frequency range of 23.922–40.023 GHz and a relative bandwidth reaching 50.4%. Secondly, it effectively shields against electromagnetic radiation in multiple 5 G bands, including n41, n78, n257, n258, n260, and n261. Thirdly, it demonstrates high selectivity, with a very narrow transition band of only 0.405 GHz between the passband and the stopband. To validate the designed FSS, a prototype of this structure was first fabricated for experimentation. The experimental results show that the measured S21 is highly consistent with the simulated S21. Secondly, the unit cell array of FSS is placed above the monopole antenna for co-simulation. It can be observed that after placing the FSS, the intensity of electromagnetic radiation propagating in space is significantly reduced by up to more than 90%. Therefore, the proposed FSS can be effectively applied for EMI shielding in 5 G bands.
Quantum theory of the spin dynamics excited by ultrashort THz laser pulses in rare earth antiferromagnets. DyFeO3
Authors: Popov A I , Gareeva Z V , Zvezdin A K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A quantum theory of spin dynamics in the rare—earth orthoferrites excited by terahertz laser pulses is developed. The study demonstrates that dynamic magnetic configurations, triggered by a light pulse, exhibit stability even after the excitation source is ceased. The magnitude of post-excitation oscillations is linked to the ratio between the frequency of rare-earth ion excitations and the frequency of the external source. According to the analysis presented, dynamic response is significantly amplified when the system is exposed to ultrashort terahertz pulses. The physical characteristics of the oscillations emerging after the pulse are determined, and the factors governing their amplitude and phase are identified. The response signal is found to be dependent on the initial part of the pulse, specifically the half-period of the ultrashort light wave, while the subsequent part of the pulse contributes minimally to post-pulse magnetization dynamics. The findings highlight that in DyFeO3, terahertz dynamics primarily result from the influence of the magnetic field of the light, leading to excitations of electrons from the ground state to low-lying electronic levels of Dy3+ ions. Additionally, the dynamic magnetoelectric effect excited by the electric field of the pulse is explored, revealing the emergence of odd magnetic modes.
Optimizing the composition of (Ce,La)(Co,Fe)5for permanent magnet applications using density functional theory
Authors: Okumura Haruki , Fukushima Tetsuya , Fukazawa Taro , Miyake Takashi , Akai Hisazumi , Ogura Masako 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this work, we calculated physical quantities, including the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant (Ku) and magnetization (Ms), for disordered (Ce,La)(Co,Fe)5systems. Based on the results, we propose CeCo4.7Fe0.3as the optimum composition for high-performance permanent magnets. The calculations employed the full-potential Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker Green’s function method, and dealt with the compositional disorder of the systems within the coherent potential approximation. It was found that the La doping reducesKuat 0 K but increases the Curie temperature (TC), which leads to improvement of the magnetic properties at high temperatures. CeCo4.7Fe0.3had the largest magnetic anisotropy ofKu= 15.14 MJ m−3, which is larger than that of CeCo5(Ku= 14.77 MJ m−3).TCof CeCo4.7Fe0.3estimated by the mean-field approximation was 1005 K, which exceeds that of CeCo5(965 K). Further, our calculations showed that while doping of Fe destabilizes the system, CeCo4.7Fe0.3is stable against decomposition into the simple substances. We also show calculated data that are informative for exploring high-performance permanent magnet materials in this paper.
Giant and negative magnetoresistances in conical magnets in the nonequilibrium Boltzmann equation approach
Authors: Rivlis Raz , Zadorozhnyi Andrei , Dahnovsky Yuri 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study magnetotransport in conical helimagnet crystals using the nonequilibriun Boltzmann equation approach. Spin dependent magnetoresistance exhibits dramatic properties for high and low electron concentrations at different temperatures. For spin up electrons we find negative magnetoresistance despite only considering a single carrier type. For spin down electrons we observe giant magnetoresistance due to depletion of spin down electrons with an applied magnetic field. For spin up carriers, the magnetoresistance is negative, due to the increase in charge carriers with a magnetic field. In addition, we investigate the spin dependent Hall effect. If a magnetic field reaches some critical value for spin down electrons, giant Hall resistance occurs, i.e. Hall current vanishes. This effect is explained by the absence of spin down carriers. For spin up carriers, the Hall constant dramatically decreases with field, due to the increase in spin up electron density. Because of the giant spin dependent magnetoresistance and Hall resistivity, conical helimagnets could be useful in spin switching devices.
Research on detection and classification of automotive body surface defects based on image processing and machine learning
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , He Yang , Zhang Ziyu , Liu Yanqi , Li Xiuhong , Zhang Daode 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The high noise in the automotive body surface image makes it difficult to extract defects. Moreover, a single feature cannot describe the complex automotive body surface defects leading to low classification accuracy. This paper proposes a highly robust method for classifying body surface defects. Firstly, an edge detection method that integrates the wavelet transform and the mathematical morphology is applied to detect defects. Subsequently, the geometric features of detected defects are combined with scale-invariant feature transform features to be the classification basis. Finally, the classification accomplishes through a support vector machine(SVM) with the parameters optimized via the grey wolf optimizer-SVM. Experimental results show the proposed classification method based on feature fusion achieves an average of 93% accuracy in automotive body surface defects classification and exhibits a 100% classification accuracy for pseudo-defects, which demonstrates the fusion of the wavelet transform and the mathematical morphology for automotive body surface defects detection can effectively reduce the impact of image noise for ensuring the extracted edges are intact.
Tuning the structure and properties of carbon cloth by FeCl3 intercalation for efficient two-electron oxygen reduction catalysis
Authors: Gao Yu , Liang Guangyuan , Liang Huanhuan , Wang Lijing , Du Hongfang , Liu Dezheng , Lin Liangxu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The advancement of various energy conversion and storage technologies hinges on the development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this study, we report the enhancement of carbon cloth (CC) for robust ORR through an FeCl3 intercalation reaction. Utilizing a thermal annealing method, FeCl3 was intercalated into the graphite structure on the surface of CC, resulting in the creation of numerous defects and the incorporation of Fe species. These newly introduced defects play a pivotal role in activating the ORR via a two-electron pathway. The presence of Fe species further stabilizes the catalytic activity, leading to efficient and stable ORR performance. Our findings highlight the significance of defect engineering and Fe species incorporation in carbon-based materials for improved ORR catalysis and pave the way for the development of advanced electrocatalysts for energy-related applications.