bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing periprosthetic joint infection: what really counts?
Authors: Solarino Giuseppe , Abate Antonella , Vicenti Giovanni , Spinarelli Antonio , Piazzolla Andrea , Moretti Biagio 
Published: February 2016

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains one of the most challenging complications after joint arthroplasty. Despite improvements in surgical techniques and in the use of antibiotic prophylaxis, it remains a major cause of implant failure and need for revision. PJI is associated with both human host-related and bacterial agentrelated factors that can interact in all the phases of the procedure (preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative). Prevention is the first strategy to implement in order to minimize this catastrophic complication.The present review focuses on the preoperative period, and on what to do once risk factors are fully understood and have been identified.
Evaluation of Liquid-Based Swab Transport Systems against the New Approved CLSI M40-A2 Standard
Authors: Gizzie Nina , Adukwu Emmanuel 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Following revised information pertaining to newer swab types and testing protocols in the new CLSI M40-A2 standard, we evaluated three liquid swab transport systems for the recovery of aerobic, anaerobic, and fastidious organisms at room temperature and at 4°C. All tested liquid swab transport systems were fully compliant with the M40-A2 standard, with acceptable performance at both temperatures after the full specified holding period, using both qualitative (roll-plate) and quantitative (swab elution) methods.
Toxoplasma gondii Arginine Methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) Is Necessary for Centrosome Dynamics during Tachyzoite Cell Division
Authors: El Bissati Kamal , Suvorova Elena S. , Xiao Hui , Lucas Olivier , Upadhya Rajendra , Ma Yanfen , Hogue Angeletti Ruth , White Michael W. , Weiss Louis M. , Kim Kami 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

The arginine methyltransferase family (PRMT) has been implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including signal transduction, epigenetic regulation, and DNA repair pathways. PRMT1 is thought to be responsible for the majority of PRMT activity in
Toxoplasma gondii
, but its exact function is unknown. To further define the biological function of the PRMT family, we generated
T. gondii
mutants lacking PRMT1 (Δ
prmt1
) by deletion of the
PRMT1
gene. Δ
prmt1
parasites exhibit morphological defects during cell division and grow slowly, and this phenotype reverses in the Δ
prmt
::
PRMT1mRFP
complemented strain. Tagged PRMT1 localizes primarily in the cytoplasm with enrichment at the pericentriolar material, and the strain lacking PRMT1 is unable to segregate progeny accurately. Unlike wild-type and complemented parasites, Δ
prmt1
parasites have abnormal daughter buds, perturbed centrosome stoichiometry, and loss of synchronous replication. Whole-genome expression profiling demonstrated differences in expression of cell-cycle-regulated genes in the Δ
prmt1
strain relative to the complemented Δ
prmt1::PRMT1mRFP
and parental wild-type strains, but these changes do not correlate with a specific block in cell cycle. Although PRMT1’s primary biological function was previously proposed to be methylation of histones, our studies suggest that PRMT1 plays an important role within the centrosome to ensure the proper replication of the parasite.

IMPORTANCE
Apicomplexan parasites include several important pathogens, including
Toxoplasma gondii
, a major cause of opportunistic infections and congenital birth defects. These parasites divide using a unique form of cell division called endodyogeny that is different from those of most eukaryotes. PRMT1 is a conserved arginine methyltransferase that was thought to regulate gene expression of
T. gondii
by modifying histone methylation. Using genetic techniques, we show that disruption of PRMT1 affects the parasite’s ability to perform accurate cell division. Our studies reveal an unexpected role for arginine methylation in centrosome biology and regulation of parasite replication.
A Novel Secreted Protein, MYR1, Is Central to
Toxoplasma
’s Manipulation of Host Cells
Authors: Franco Magdalena , Panas Michael W. , Marino Nicole D. , Lee Mei-Chong Wendy , Buchholz Kerry R. , Kelly Felice D. , Bednarski Jeffrey J. , Sleckman Barry P. , Pourmand Nader , Boothroyd John C. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

The intracellular protozoan
Toxoplasma gondii
dramatically reprograms the transcriptome of host cells it infects, including substantially up-regulating the host oncogene c
-myc
. By applying a flow cytometry-based selection to infected mouse cells expressing green fluorescent protein fused to c-Myc (c-Myc–GFP), we isolated mutant tachyzoites defective in this host c-Myc up-regulation. Whole-genome sequencing of three such mutants led to the identification of
MYR1
(
My
c
r
egulation
1
;
TGGT1_254470
) as essential for c-Myc induction. MYR1 is a secreted protein that requires TgASP5 to be cleaved into two stable portions, both of which are ultimately found within the parasitophorous vacuole and at the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. Deletion of
MYR1
revealed that in addition to its requirement for c-Myc up-regulation, the MYR1 protein is needed for the ability of
Toxoplasma
tachyzoites to modulate several other important host pathways, including those mediated by the dense granule effectors GRA16 and GRA24. This result, combined with its location at the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, suggested that MYR1 might be a component of the machinery that translocates
Toxoplasma
effectors from the parasitophorous vacuole into the host cytosol. Support for this possibility was obtained by showing that transit of GRA24 to the host nucleus is indeed MYR1-dependent. As predicted by this pleiotropic phenotype, parasites deficient in
MYR1
were found to be severely attenuated in a mouse model of infection. We conclude, therefore, that MYR1 is a novel protein that plays a critical role in how
Toxoplasma
delivers effector proteins to the infected host cell and that this is crucial to virulence.

IMPORTANCE
Toxoplasma gondii
is an important human pathogen and a model for the study of intracellular parasitism. Infection of the host cell with
Toxoplasma
tachyzoites involves the introduction of protein effectors, including many that are initially secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole but must ultimately translocate to the host cell cytosol to function. The work reported here identified a novel protein that is required for this translocation. These results give new insight into a very unusual cell biology process as well as providing a potential handle on a pathway that is necessary for virulence and, therefore, a new potential target for chemotherapy.
Cross-sectional study on parental pro-drinking practices and adolescent alcohol drinking in Hong Kong
Authors: Au Wing Man , Ho Sai Yin , Wang Man Ping , Lo Wing Sze , Tin Sze Pui Pamela , Huang Rong , Lam Tai Hing 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between parental pro-drinking practices (PPDPs) and alcohol drinking in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents.DesignA cross-sectional study.Setting4 randomly selected secondary schools in Hong Kong.Participants1738 students (mean age 14.6 years ±2.0, boys 67.8%).Main outcome measuresDrinking status, drinking intention and exposure to 9 PPDPs (eg, seeing parents drunk, helping parents buy alcohol, encouraged to drink by parents) were reported by students. Logistic regression was used to compute adjusted ORs (AORs) of drinking and intention to drink by each PPDP and the number of PPDPs (0, 1–2, 3–4, 5 or above), adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, parental drinking and school clustering.ResultsNearly half (48.6%) of the students were ever-drinkers, 16.2% drank monthly (at least once per month) and 40.3% intended to drink in the next 12 months. Most PPDPs were significantly associated with ever drinking (AORs 1.40–6.20), monthly drinking (AORs 1.12–8.20) and intention to drink (AORs 1.40–5.02). Both ever and monthly drinking were most strongly associated with parental training of drinking capacity (ability to drink more without getting drunk) with AORs of 6.20 and 8.20 (both p<0.001), respectively. Adolescent drinking intention was most strongly associated with parental encouragement of drinking and training of drinking capacity with AORs of 3.19 and 5.02 (both p<0.001), respectively.ConclusionsExposure to PPDPs was associated with ever drinking, monthly drinking and drinking intention in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. More studies, especially prospective studies, should be conducted to confirm these results, followed by interventional studies.
Experiences and reflections of patients with motor neuron disease on breaking the news in a two-tiered appointment: a qualitative study
Authors: Seeber Antje A , Pols A Jeannette , Hijdra Albert , Grupstra Hepke F , Willems Dick L , de Visser Marianne 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundBreaking bad news should be fine-tuned to the individual patient, contain intelligible information, include emotional support and offer a tailor-made treatment plan. To achieve this goal in motor neuron disease (MND), neurologists of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) centre Amsterdam deliver the message on 2 separate visits within 14 days.AimTo evaluate how patients with MND react to and view disclosure of the diagnosis, in this 2-tiered approach.MethodsNon-participating observations and in-depth interviews with patients were conducted in 1 tertiary ALS referral centre. Qualitative analysis consisted of inductive analysis of observation reports and verbatim typed out interviews.Results10 2-tiered appointments were observed and 21 Dutch patients with MND interviewed. They experienced the straightforward message to be suffering from a fatal disease as devastating, yet unavoidable. The prospect of a short-term second appointment offered structure for the period immediately following the diagnosis. The time between appointments provided the opportunity for a first reorientation on their changed perspective on their life. The second appointment allowed for detailed discussions about various aspects of MND and a tailor-made treatment plan.ConclusionsThe 2-tiered approach fits well with the way in which Dutch patients with MND process the disclosure of their diagnosis, gather information and handle the changed perspective on their life. It may serve as a model for other life-limiting diseases.
Changing established protocols
Authors: Stabursvik Hanne 
Published: February 2016

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved.In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, ‘Changing established protocols’, was submitted and is discussed by Hanne Stabursvik. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue. Discussion of the dilemma ‘When in Rome. . . ’, which was published in the January issue of In Practice, appears on page 95.The series is being coordinated by Steven McCulloch, a practising vet with a PhD in the ethics of veterinary policy. It is hoped it will provide a framework that will help practitioners find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
Comparative effects of long-acting and short-acting loop diuretics on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Matsuo Yae , Kasama Shu , Toyama Takuji , Funada Ryuichi , Takama Noriaki , Koitabashi Norimichi , Ichikawa Shuichi , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Matsumoto Naoya , Sato Yuichi , Kurabayashi Masahiko 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveShort-acting loop diuretics are known to enhance cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The effects of two loop diuretics—long-acting azosemide and short-acting furosemide—on CSNA were evaluated using123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy in patients with CHF.MethodsThe present study was a subanalysis of our previously published study, which had reported that serial123I-MIBG studies were the most useful prognostic indicator in patients with CHF. Patients with CHF (n=208, left ventricular ejection fraction <45%) but no history of cardiac events for at least 5 months prior to the study were identified according to their histories of acute decompensated heart failure requiring hospitalisation. Patients underwent123I-MIBG scintigraphy immediately before hospital discharge and at a 6-month follow-up. The delayed % denervation, delayed heart/mediastinum count (H/M) ratio and washout rate (WR) were determined using123I-MIBG scintigraphy. A total of 108 patients were selected, and propensity score matching was used to compare patients treated with either oral azosemide (n=54) or furosemide (n=54).ResultsAfter treatment,123I-MIBG scintigraphic parameters improved in both groups. However, the degree of change in % denervation was −13.8±10.5 in the azosemide group and −5.7±12.7 in the furosemide group (p<0.01), the change in H/M ratio was 0.20±0.16 in the azosemide group and 0.06±0.19 in the furosemide group (p<0.01), and the change in WR was −11.3±9.2% in the azosemide group and −3.0±12.7% in the furosemide group (p<0.01). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed an independent and significant positive relationship between furosemide and δ-WR from hospital discharge to 6 months after treatment in patients with CHF (p=0.001).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that azosemide suppresses CSNA compared with furosemide in patients with CHF.Trial registration numberUMIN000000626 (UMIN-CTR Clinical Trial).
Difficult orotracheal intubation in a rabbit resulting from the presence of faecal pellets in the oropharynx
Authors: Engbers Sarah , Larkin Amy , Jonnalagadda Mahesh , Prebble Melanie , Rousset Nicolas , Knight Cameron G , Pang Daniel S J 
Published: February 2016

Rabbits have a high rate of anaesthesia‐related death compared with other companion animal species. This is influenced by a variety of factors, one of which is difficulty in obtaining a secure airway. The rabbit in this report was enrolled in a larger non‐survival study that required orotracheal intubation to be performed. Orotracheal intubation was difficult, taking 306 seconds, compared with a median of 134 seconds (range 29–171 seconds) in the four preceding rabbits. Necropsy examination revealed a faecal pellet lodged in the caudal oropharynx abutting compacted faecal material, ventral to the epiglottis. Two structures of mixed gas and soft tissue attenuation were seen on CT scans obtained pre‐ and post‐intubation, at a location consistent with the faecal material, thus confirming the presence of the pellets at the time of sedation and during intubation. Oral prehension of faecal pellets before anaesthesia represents a previously unreported obstacle to orotracheal intubation in rabbits.
ILK Induction in Lymphoid Organs by a TNFα–NF-κB–Regulated Pathway Promotes the Development of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Krenn Peter W. , Hofbauer Sebastian W. , Pucher Susanne , Hutterer Evelyn , Hinterseer Elisabeth , Denk Ursula , Asslaber Daniela , Ganghammer Sylvia , Sternberg Christina , Neureiter Daniel , Aberger Fritz , Wickström Sara A. , Egle Alexander , Greil Richard , Hartmann Tanja N. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The proliferation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells requires communication with the lymphoid organ microenvironment. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a multifunctional intracellular adaptor protein that transmits extracellular signals to regulate malignant cell motility, metastasis, and cell-cycle progression, but is poorly characterized in hematologic malignancies. In this study, we investigated the role of ILK in the context of CLL and observed high ILK expression in patient samples, particularly in tumor cells harboring prognostic high-risk markers such as unmutated IGHV genes, high Zap70, or CD38 expression, or a signature of recent proliferation. We also found increased numbers of Ki67 (MKI67)-positive cells in regions of enhanced ILK expression in lymph nodes from CLL patients. Using coculture conditions mimicking the proliferative lymph node microenvironment, we detected a parallel induction of ILK and cyclin D1 (CCND1) expression in CLL cells that was dependent on the activation of NF-κB signaling by soluble TNFα. The newly synthesized ILK protein colocalized to centrosomal structures and was required for correct centrosome clustering and mitotic spindle organization. Furthermore, we established a mouse model of CLL in which B-cell–specific genetic ablation of ILK resulted in decelerated leukemia development due to reduced organ infiltration and proliferation of CLL cells. Collectively, our findings describe a TNFα–NF-κB–mediated mechanism by which ILK expression is induced in the lymph node microenvironment and propose that ILK promotes leukemogenesis by enabling CLL cells to cope with centrosomal defects acquired during malignant transformation. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2186–96. ©2016 AACR.
Prognostic Impact of IL6 Genetic Variants in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Bevacizumab-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Matsusaka Satoshi , Hanna Diana L. , Cao Shu , Zhang Wu , Yang Dongyun , Ning Yan , Sunakawa Yu , Okazaki Satoshi , Berger Martin D. , Miyamato Yuji , Parekh Anish , Stintzing Sebastian , Loupakis Fotios , Lenz Heinz-Josef 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Purpose: The IL6/STAT3 axis promotes inflammation, angiogenesis, and cancer. The effect of genetic variants within this pathway on benefit from antiangiogenic cancer therapy is unknown. We tested whether SNPs in genes involved in IL6/STAT3 signaling can predict efficacy of bevacizumab-based chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients.
Experimental Design: Associations between potentially functional IL6 (rs2069837 and rs1800795) and STAT3 (rs744166 and rs4796793) SNPs and clinical outcomes [progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and tumor response rate] were evaluated in mCRC patients receiving first-line FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab in two randomized phase III trials: TRIBE (n = 223, training cohort) and FIRE-3 (n = 288, validation cohort). Patients receiving FOLFIRI plus cetuximab in FIRE-3 (n = 264) served as a control cohort. The interaction between genotype and primary tumor location with clinical outcomes was examined. Genomic DNA isolated from whole blood or tumor tissue was analyzed by PCR-based direct sequencing.
Results: Patients with an IL6 rs2069837 G allele treated with FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab had an inferior PFS than those with the A/A genotype in TRIBE [9.4 vs. 11.1 months; HR = 1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12–2.10; P = 0.004] and FIRE-3 (8.8 vs. 10.9 months; HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.06–1.85; P = 0.015). These associations were confirmed in multivariable analyses and were not seen in the control cohort. In subgroup analysis, the effect of IL6 rs2069837 on PFS was present only in patients with left-sided cancers, but the test for interaction was not significant.
Conclusions: IL6 rs2069837 genotype is a clinically relevant prognostic factor in mCRC patients treated with first-line bevacizumab-based chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3218–26. ©2016 AACR.
Combined Effects of Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid and Cisplatin on Radiation Sensitivity and Cancer Cell Invasion in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Feng Jianguo , Zhang Shirong , Wu Kan , Wang Bing , Wong Jeffrey Y.C. , Jiang Hong , Xu Rujun , Ying Lisha , Huang Haixiu , Zheng Xiaoliang , Chen Xufeng , Ma Shenglin 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and concurrent chemoradiotherapy has been explored as a therapeutic option. However, the chemotherapeutic agents cannot be administered for most patients at full doses safely with radical doses of thoracic radiation, and further optimizations of the chemotherapy regimen to be given with radiation are needed. In this study, we examined the effects of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and cisplatin on DNA damage repairs, and determined the combination effects of SAHA and cisplatin on human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in response to treatment of ionizing radiation (IR), and on tumor growth of lung cancer H460 xenografts receiving radiotherapy. We also investigated the potential differentiation effect of SAHA and its consequences on cancer cell invasion. Our results showed that SAHA and cisplatin compromise distinct DNA damage repair pathways, and treatment with SAHA enhanced synergistic radiosensitization effects of cisplatin in established NSCLC cell lines in a p53-independent manner, and decreased the DNA damage repair capability in cisplatin-treated primary NSCLC tumor tissues in response to IR. SAHA combined with cisplatin also significantly increased inhibitory effect of radiotherapy on tumor growth in the mouse xenograft model. In addition, SAHA can induce differentiation in stem cell–like cancer cell population, reduce tumorigenicity, and decrease invasiveness of human lung cancer cells. In conclusion, our data suggest a potential clinical impact for SAHA as a radiosensitizer and as a part of a chemoradiotherapy regimen for NSCLC. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 842–53. ©2016 AACR.
Análise morfológica de remanescentes dentais de uma ossada humana encontrados em sambaqui no arquipélago de Ilhabela, litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Palinkas Marcelo , Semprini Marisa , Francisco Raffaela Arrabaça , Simões Cíntia Bendazzoli , Guimarães Marco Aurélio , Silva Ricardo Henrique Alves da 
Published: February 2016

<span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"><font size="1" color="#221e1f"><p>A avaliação bioantropológica em remanescentes de tecidos duros pode colaborar na identificação das</p></font></span></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;">características físicas dos indivíduos. Os dentes, estrutura dura que também se caracteriza por ser resistente à </span></span></span><span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;">degradação, são importantes na identificação de corpos que passaram por grandes modificações. O objetivo deste </span></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;">estudo é analisar os remanescentes dentais de uma ossada humana datada de 1920 ± 40 anos AP localizados </span></span></span><span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;">em sambaqui, no Arquipélago de Ilhabela – SP, Brasil, como fonte de análise anatômica para fins científicos. Os remanescentes dentais foram classificados segundo a notação dental e os autores concluíram que, mesmo com </span></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Helvetica; color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;">o passar do tempo, os dentes mantém características anatômicas marcantes, podendo ser de grande utilidade na </span></span></span><span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;">identificação do indivíduo morto. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: xx-small;"> </span><p> </p>