bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity Interventions for Children with Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Disabilities—A Systematic Review
Authors: Ash Tayla , Bowling April , Davison Kirsten , Garcia Jeanette 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Perform a systematic review of the available literature regarding the effectiveness of exercise interventions on children with any type of social, emotional, or behavioral disability (SEBD), with attention to a range of physiological, behavioral, and mood outcomes.

Methods:
Six databases were searched using a systematic methodology. References of included studies, as well as relevant reviews, were also examined. The review was limited to studies published since 2000 reporting a quantitative analysis of the effects of a physical activity (PA) intervention on at least 1 behavioral, psychological, or cognitive outcome in children aged 21 and under, diagnosed with a SEBD. Only studies with a control group were included.

Results:
We identified 24 eligible studies. Studies varied in design, participant characteristics, and intervention characteristics (single-bout vs repeated exposure, duration, intensity level, mode of exercise). Of the 20 behavioral outcome assessments, there was 1 negative finding, 12 null findings, 5 positive findings, and 2 mixed findings. For the 25 executive functioning outcome assessments, there were 5 null findings, 18 positive findings, and 2 mixed findings. For the remaining outcome domains, 1 of 2 studies looking at academic performance, 3 of 6 studies looking at objective neurological measures, and 1 of 3 studies looking at affect outcomes found positive results. All other results were null or mixed.

Conclusion:
Although additional research is warranted to further understand the mechanisms by which PA affects behavioral and cognitive outcome measures in children with SEBDs, PA offers a safe and alternative form of treatment for this population.
Associations Between Maternal Mental Health and Well-being and Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Children
Authors: Maher Jaclyn P. , Ra Chaelin , O'Connor Sydney G. , Belcher Britni R. , Leventhal Adam , Margolin Gayla , Dunton Genevieve F. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT:Objective:This study assessed whether aspects of maternal mental health and well-being were associated with objective monitor-based measures of child's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) and the extent to which household structure (i.e., single- vs multigenerational/dual-parent) and maternal employment (i.e., full-time vs not full-time) moderated those associations.Methods:Dyads (N = 191) of mothers and their 8- to 12-year-old children participated in the baseline wave of the Mother's and Their Children's Health study. Mothers (Mage= 40.9 yr [SD = 6.1]; 49% Hispanic) completed a battery of questionnaires to assess maternal mental health and well-being (i.e., self-esteem, life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, anxiety, perceived stress, parenting stress, financial stress, and life events stress). Children (Mage= 9.6 yr [SD = 0.9]; 54% Hispanic; 51% girls) wore an accelerometer across 1 week during waking hours to objectively measure moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and SB.Results:In single-parent families (n = 47), but not multigenerational/dual-parent families, mothers' parenting stress was negatively associated with child's MVPA (β = −.34,p= .02). In corrected analyses, all other aspects of maternal mental health and well-being were not related to children's activity patterns.Conclusion:Parenting stress was the only maternal mental health variable associated with objective monitor-based measures of child's PA after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Results indicated weaker associations between maternal mental health and well-being and child's MVPA and SB than previously identified using subjective measures of behavior. Study findings support the need to use objective measurements of child's activity patterns to minimize potential confounding because of maternal report in evaluating child's PA and SB.
Validation of the English Version of the HeartQoL Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Oldridge Neil , Cho Chris , Thomas Randal , Low Murray , Höfer Stefan 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to validate the English version of the HeartQoL health-related quality of life questionnaire for use in patients with angina or myocardial infarction.

Methods:
Patients living in the United States and referred, either for percutaneous coronary intervention or to cardiac rehabilitation, completed the HeartQoL, the Short Form-36 Health Survey, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at baseline and 3-months later. The data were analyzed for validity, reliability, and responsiveness.

Results:
Patients (n = 313 with angina and n = 97 with myocardial infarction) who were referred either for percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 164) or to cardiac rehabilitation (n = 246) completed baseline questionnaires. Patients with angina had significantly lower HeartQoL scores (poorer health-related quality of life) compared with patients with myocardial infarction. Exploratory factor analysis largely supported the 2-factor structure of the HeartQoL in both diagnoses, but further investigation is warranted. Internal consistency reliability was adequate, convergent validity correlations were significant, and discriminative validity was fully confirmed in patients with angina and largely confirmed in patients with myocardial infarction. Responsiveness was largely confirmed in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 67) and those referred to cardiac rehabilitation (n = 167) with conventional statistical tests and clinically with the effect size, a standardized measure of change.

Conclusions:
The English HeartQoL health-related quality of life questionnaire is valid, reliable, and responsive in patients with angina and myocardial infarction allowing (1) assessment of baseline, (2) between-diagnosis comparisons, and (3) evaluation of change over time.
Associations of Exercise Tolerance With Hemodynamic Parameters for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Tsuboi Yasunori , Tanaka Hidekazu , Nishio Ryo , Sawa Takuma , Terashita Daisuke , Nakayama Kazuhiko , Satomi-Kobayashi Seimi , Sakai Yoshitada , Emoto Noriaki , Hirata Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are the main subgroups of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Despite differences in their etiologies, both diseases are characterized by vascular remodeling, resulting in progressive right heart failure. Noninvasive periodic evaluation of exercise tolerance has become increasingly important. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) are now both recommended for evaluating exercise tolerance, but there is insufficient knowledge about possible differences in the associations of exercise tolerance with right heart catheterization (RHC) data for patients with PAH and CTEPH.

Methods:
A retrospective study was performed with 57 patients with PH (24 with PAH and 33 with CTEPH) all of whom underwent echocardiography, CPET, 6MWT, and RHC.

Results:
For both patients with PAH and CTEPH, peak heart rate during CPET was significantly higher than that from 6MWT, whereas minimum peripheral oxygen saturation during CPET and 6MWT was similar. For patients with PAH, significant correlations were observed between peak

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2 and cardiac index (CI) (r = 0.59; P = .002) and between

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2 slopes and CI (r =−0.46, P = .02), as well as a nonsignificant correlation tendency for peak

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2 and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and for

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2 and PVR (r =−0.39; P = .05; and r = 0.39; P = .06, respectively). For patients with CTEPH, however, a significant correlation was observed only between

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2 slopes and CI (r =−0.38; P = .02).

Conclusion:
PH etiology should be considered when assessing exercise tolerance, whereas CPET can be effective in addition to hemodynamic assessment by means of RHC for periodic evaluation during followup.
Outdoor Reproducibility of a 1-km Treadmill Walking Test to Predict Peak Oxygen Uptake in Cardiac Patients
Authors: Grazzi Giovanni , Chiaranda Giorgio , Myers Jonathan , Pasanisi Giovanni , Lordi Rosario , Conconi Francesco , Mazzoni Gianni 
Published: July 2017

Introduction:
The aim of this study was to determine whether the 1-km treadmill walking test, previously developed to predict peak oxygen uptake (

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2peak) in stable cardiac outpatients, could be reproduced outdoors.

Methods:
Fifty male cardiac outpatients performed the 1-km walking test on a treadmill and on a flat track within 1 week.

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2peak was estimated for both testing conditions considering age, height, weight, walking speed, and heart rate.

Results:
Average walking speed was slightly higher during outdoor conditions (5.73 ± 0.77 km/h vs 5.55 ± 0.84 km/h), whereas mean heart rates were similar for both testing conditions (102 ± 18 beats/min vs 103 ± 16 beats/min).

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2peak values for treadmill and outdoor tests were not significantly different (26.4 ± 4.1 mL/kg/min vs 26.8 ± 4.5 mL/kg/min) and were strongly correlated (r = 0.93, P < .0001). The slope and the intercept of the

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2peak values were not different from the line of identity.

Conclusions:
This moderate and perceptually regulated 1-km walking test administered outdoors gives similar results compared with a similar test performed on a treadmill. Therefore,

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2peak can be reasonably estimated using both testing modalities. This suggests that the outdoor 1-km test can be applied for indirect estimations of cardiorespiratory fitness in an outpatient setting.
EVALUATION OF MACULAR ISCHEMIA IN EYES WITH CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Authors: Ghashut Rima , Muraoka Yuki , Ooto Sotaro , Iida Yuto , Miwa Yuko , Suzuma Kiyoshi , Murakami Tomoaki , Kadomoto Shin , Tsujikawa Akitaka , Yoshimura Nagahisa 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To quantitatively assess macular perfusion status using optical coherence tomography angiography in eyes with aflibercept-treated central retinal vein occlusion and resolved macular edema and to investigate the impact of macular morphology and perfusion status on visual function.

Methods:
This prospective consecutive case series included 23 patients with central retinal vein occlusion. All patients received intravitreal aflibercept injections before analysis. Visual acuity, macular sensitivity, and the macular nonperfusion area (NPA) were evaluated in eyes without macular edema. The macular NPA was evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography using 3 mm × 3 mm images of the macula. Foveal ellipsoid zone disruption was also analyzed.

Results:
The superficial macular NPA measured 4.15 mm2 ± 0.71 mm2 (95% confidence interval 3.85–4.46), and the deep macular NPA measured 4.23 mm2 ± 0.97 mm2 (95% confidence interval 3.82–4.56). The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity was significantly associated with foveal ellipsoid zone disruption (P = 0.001), the superficial macular NPA (P = 0.015), and the deep macular NPA (P = 0.018). Macular sensitivity correlated negatively with logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity (P = 0.007), the superficial macular NPA (P = 0.029), and the deep macular NPA (P = 0.040), but not with the foveal ellipsoid zone disruption (P = 0.435).

Conclusion:
Optical coherence tomography angiography is a novel technique that enables segmented evaluation of the macular perfusion status in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion and provides visual prognostic information. Enlargement of the macular NPA in the superficial and deep layers was significantly correlated with impaired visual acuity and with decreased macular sensitivity in patients with aflibercept-treated central retinal vein occlusion and resolved macular edema.
Patchwork of contrasting medication cultures across the USA
Authors: Melamed Rachel D. , Rzhetsky Andrey 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHealth care in the United States is markedly heterogeneous, with large disparities in treatment choices and health spending. Drug prescription is one major component of health care—reflecting the accuracy of diagnosis, the adherence to evidence-based guidelines, susceptibility to drug marketing, and regulatory factors. Using medical claims data covering nearly half of the USA population, we have developed a framework to compare prescription rates of 600 popular drugs in 2,334 counties. Our approach uncovers geographically separated sub-Americas, where patients receive treatment for different diseases, and where physicians choose different drugs for the same disease. The geographical variation suggests influences of racial composition, state-level health care laws, and wealth. Some regions consistently prefer more expensive drugs, even when they have not been proven more efficacious than cheaper alternatives. Our study underlines the benefit of aggregating massive information on medical practice into a summarized and actionable form. We hope that our methodology and conclusions will guide policy measures for aligning prescriptions with best-practice guidelines.
Evolution of an enzyme from a solute-binding protein
Authors: Clifton Ben E. , Kaczmarski Joe A. , Carr Paul D. , Gerth Monica L. , Tokuriki Nobuhiko , Jackson Colin J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMuch of the functional diversity observed in modern enzyme superfamilies originates from molecular tinkering with existing enzymes1. New enzymes frequently evolve from enzymes with latent, promiscuous activities2, and often inherit key features of the ancestral enzyme, retaining conserved catalytic groups and stabilizing analogous intermediates or transition states3. While experimental evolutionary biochemistry has yielded considerable insight into the evolution of new enzymes from existing enzymes4, the emergence of catalytic activityde novoremains poorly understood. Although certain enzymes are thought to have evolved from non-catalytic proteins5–7, the mechanisms underlying these complete evolutionary transitions have not been described. Here we show how the enzyme cyclohexadienyl dehydratase (CDT) evolved from a cationic amino acid-binding protein belonging to the solute-binding protein (SBP) superfamily. Analysis of the evolutionary trajectory between reconstructed ancestors and extant proteins showed that the emergence and optimization of catalytic activity involved several distinct processes. The emergence of CDT activity was potentiated by the incorporation of a desolvated general acid into the ancestral binding site, which provided an intrinsically reactive catalytic motif, and reshaping of the ancestral binding site, which facilitated enzyme-substrate complementarity. Catalytic activity was subsequently gainedviathe introduction of hydrogen-bonding networks that positioned the catalytic residue precisely and contributed to transition state stabilization. Finally, catalytic activity was enhanced by remote substitutions that refined the active site structure and reduced sampling of non-catalytic states. Our work shows that the evolutionary processes that underlie the emergence of enzymes by natural selection in the wild are mirrored by recent examples of computational design and directed evolution of enzymes in the laboratory.
The control of epistemic curiosity in the human brain
Authors: Ligneul Romain , Mermillod Martial , Morisseau Tiffany 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEpistemic curiosity (EC) is a cornerstone of human cognition that contributes to the actualization of our cognitive potential by stimulating a myriad of information-seeking behaviours. Yet, its fundamental relationship with uncertainty remains poorly understood, which limits our ability to predict within- and between-individual variability in the willingness to acquire knowledge. Here, a two-step stochastic trivia quiz designed to induce curiosity and manipulate answer uncertainty provided behavioural and neural evidence for an integrative model of EC inspired from predictive coding. More precisely, our behavioural data indicated an inverse relationship between average surprise and EC levels, which depended upon hemodynamic activity in the rostrolateral prefrontal cortex from one trial to another and from one individual to another. Complementary, the elicitation of epistemic surprise and the relief of acute curiosity states were respectively related to ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum activity. Taken together, our results account for the temporal evolution of EC over time, as well as for the interplay of EC, prior knowledge and surprise in controlling memory gain.
Parent-progeny imputation from pooled samples for cost-efficient genotyping in plant breeding
Authors: Technow Frank , Gerke Justin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe increased usage of whole-genome selection (WGS) and other molecular evaluation methods in plant breeding relies on the ability to genotype a very large number of untested individuals in each breeding cycle. Many plant breeding programs evaluate large biparental populations of homozygous individuals derived from homozygous parent inbred lines. This structure lends itself to parent-progeny imputation, which transfers the genotype scores of the parents to progeny individuals that are genotyped for a much smaller number of loci. Here we introduce a parent-progeny imputation method that infers individual genotypes from index-free pooled samples of DNA of multiple individuals using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). We demonstrated the method for pools of simulated maize double haploids (DH) from biparental populations, genotyped using a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) approach for 3,000 loci at 0.125xto 4xcoverage. We observed high concordance between true and imputed marker scores and the HMM produced well-calibrated genotype probabilities that correctly reflected the uncertainty of the imputed scores. Genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) calculated from the imputed scores closely matched GEBV calculated from the true marker scores. The within-population correlation between these sets of GEBV approached 0.95 at 1xand 4xcoverage when pooling two or four individuals, respectively. Our approach can reduce the genotyping cost per individual by a factor up to the number of pooled individuals in GBS applications without the need for extra sequencing coverage, thereby enabling cost-effective large scale genotyping for applications such as WGS in plant breeding.
zingeR: unlocking RNA-seq tools for zero-inflation and single cell applications
Authors: Van den Berge Koen , Soneson Charlotte , Love Michael I. , Robinson Mark D. , Clement Lieven 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDropout in single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) applications causes many transcripts to go undetected. It induces excess zero counts, which leads to power issues in differential expression (DE) analysis and has triggered the development of bespoke scRNA-seq DE tools that cope with zero-inflation. Recent evaluations, however, have shown that dedicated scRNA-seq tools provide no advantage compared to traditional bulk RNA-seq tools. We introduce zingeR, a zero-inflated negative binomial model that identifies excess zero counts and generates observation weights to unlock bulk RNA-seq pipelines for zero-inflation, boosting performance in scRNA-seq differential expression analysis.
Sensitivity to sequential regularities in risky decision making
Authors: Kóbor Andrea , Takács Ádám , Janacsek Karolina , Kardos Zsófia , Csépe Valéria , Nemeth Dezso 
Published: July 2017

AbstractProbabilistic sequence learning involves a set of robust mechanisms that enable the extraction of statistical patterns embedded in the environment. It contributes to different perceptual and cognitive processes as well as to effective behavior adaptation, which is a crucial aspect of decision making. Although previous research attempted to model reinforcement learning and reward sensitivity in different risky decision-making paradigms, the basic mechanism of the sensitivity to statistical regularities has not been anchored to external tasks. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the statistical learning mechanism underlying individual differences in risky decision making. To reach this goal, we tested whether implicit probabilistic sequence learning and risky decision making share common variance. To have a more complex characterization of individual differences in risky decision making, hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted on performance data obtained in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) in a large sample of healthy young adults. Implicit probabilistic sequence learning was measured by the Alternating Serial Reaction Time (ASRT) task. According to the results, a four-cluster structure was identified involving average risk-taking, slowly responding, risk-taker, and risk-averse groups of participants, respectively. While the entire sample showed significant learning on the ASRT task, we found greater sensitivity to statistical regularities in the risk-taker and risk-averse groups than in participants with average risk-taking. These findings revealed common mechanisms in risky decision making and implicit probabilistic sequence learning and an adaptive aspect of higher risk taking on the BART. Our results could help to clarify the neurocognitive complexity of decision making and its individual differences.