bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wittgenstein’s Shakespeare
Authors: Perloff Marjorie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWittgenstein’s oddly negative assessment of Shakespeare has caused consternation among literary critics. From F. R. Leavis to the present, English critics have often assumed that Wittgenstein was simply a bad judge of poetry and that he knew little about the literature of his adopted country. Or again,Wittgenstein stands accused, by critics like George Steiner, of demanding clear ethical values from literature - values Shakespeare, who never quite took sides with particular characters, did not proclaim. This essay argues that such criticisms fail to understand Wittgenstein’s own context as an Austrian writer, brought up on the German classics of the 18th and 19th centuries. It s true that this “classical” literature, coming two centuries later than Shakespeare, was much more subjective, more personal than Elizabethan literature, and that Wittgenstein was accustomed to a psychology not characteristic of Shakespeare. It is the demand for realism, for characters with whom the reader can identify that makes Shakespeare unsatisfactory to Wittgenstein. Nevertheless, Wittgenstein’s fugitive remarks about Shakespeare show great acumen and insight; he understood the Tragedies - for example, King Lear, much better than one might conclude from some of his strictures. Despite the gulf between the two writers, Shakespeare’s “dreamwork,” as Wittgenstein calls it, became a model for the philosopher’s own writing
Johannes Climacus reads the Tractatus
Authors: Verschuren Sebastiaan A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractJames Conant’s farthest point of resolute navigation into the Tractatus has up to now received very little attention: a division of Tractarian matters among two separate lists. In this paper, I argue that this division is deeply mistaken as it fails to see the unity of logic in the Tractatus. This unity is anyway a much neglected topic in the literature on Wittgenstein’s early philosophy. Conant’s resolute reading of the Tractatus provides a good opportunity to bring it to the fore and to illustrate its pivotal importance.
On the unit cell volume expansion in homogeneous series of isotypic structures of “ionic” inorganic compounds
Authors: Keller Egbert 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Within a “homogeneous” series of (crystal-chemically) isotypic structures one and only one chemical element E of the sum formula is replaced successively by heavier elements of the same group of the periodic table. For corresponding series of “ionic” compounds, a (coarse) “expectation value” ΔV
th for the unit cell volume expansion following the replacement of E(i) by E(j) (with i<j=row numbers in the periodic table) can be calculated by using the empirical formula ΔV
th=56.5 (zE
ΔρE

(
i
)
E
(
j
)) – 0.80 (zE
ΔρE

(
i
)
E
(
j
))2, where zE
is the number of atoms E per unit cell and ΔρE

(
i
)
E
(
j
) is the linear statistical size (= radius) difference for the two elements E(i) and E(j). Two hundred and twenty-eight different series have contributed to the statistical evaluation of this formula. Series for which E are elements of low valence have been excluded a priori from the calculations if the residual atoms of higher valence by themselves form an infinite framework, as it was suspected, that in structures of this kind the “natural” volume expansion caused by the E(i) → E(j) size increase is hampered by the rigidity of this framework. Application of the above formula to structures of this kind clearly supports this suspicion only, if the framework is of dimensionality three. The results derived from all other investigated structures are qualitatively compatible with the “volume increments rule” published in the 1930s. This suggests that they should be applicable also to isotypic series of crystal structures defined in a less restricted manner.
Invariom modeling of disordered structures: case studies on a dipeptide, an amino acid, and cefaclor, a cephalosporin antibiotic
Authors: Dittrich Birger , Schürmann Christian , Hübschle Christian B. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Routines to facilitate the treatment of disorder in invariom modeling have been implemented in the open-source program MolecoolQt, a visualization program for charge-density work, and InvariomTool, a pre-processor program. Two published structures of an amino acid and a dipeptide and the new structure of cefaclor, a cephalosporin antibiotic, provide examples with increasing amounts of disorder, which can now be successfully modeled with invarioms. Like for ordered structures, these non-spherical scattering factors predicted by density functional theory significantly improve the structural model (figures of merit and standard deviations) also in these cases. Furthermore, they allow rapid calculation and comparison of the electrostatic potential and the molecular dipole moment for the different conformers present in the crystal structures.
First-Person Perspective Action Observation Training in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease: A Consideration-of-Concept Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Giorgi Giovanni , Ferrarello Francesco , Merlo Francesca , Fumagalli Stefano , Marchionni Niccolò , Di Bari Mauro 
Published: November 2016

Background and Purpose:
Action observation training (AOT) consists of the observing of actions performed by others, followed by imitation. Physical therapy techniques based on action observation may influence motor performance in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD).

Objectives:
The aim of this pilot study was to provide a preliminary approach to assess AOT in anatomical first-person perspective (FPP) as a rehabilitation technique to improve body function and activity in individuals with disability due to IPD.

Methods:
Videos showing in FPP movements of the upper and lower limbs were produced. A research protocol was designed and tested for feasibility. After baseline assessment, 16 participants with mild to moderate disability due to IPD, all receiving conventional physical therapy group treatment, were nonrandomly assigned to either 1 extra hour of individualized FPP AOT per session or comparison group. Upper and lower limb functioning, independence in activity of daily living, and mobility were assessed before and after training. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics; statistical comparisons were conducted as part of the feasibility assessment of the data management plan by means of nonparametric tests.

Results:
A set of 22 videos was created and administered. Groups were comparable at baseline assessment. All participants completed the study and had complete data. Compared with baseline, both groups improved significantly. The experimental group had a better response based on change scores, and the differences were large for 3 of the outcome measures. No significant between-group differences were observed.

Discussion:
The equipment needed for the production of the videos was easily available. The study protocol was successfully implemented. Adherence rates to study procedures were excellent, and no adverse events occurred. Differences in methods and participant populations prevented comparison in our experimental approach. The number and content of videos, and the length of the sessions proposed, was close to that of other studies providing an FPP AOT program in individuals with cerebral palsy and stroke. Both groups improved and the effect was greater for the experimental one. However, no significant difference between the groups was observed.

Conclusions:
This pilot study suggests that FPP AOT is a feasible intervention and the research protocol designed would be suitable, with minor modifications, for the conduction of a subsequent stage 2 trial designed to verify the hypothesis that the adjunct of FPP AOT might improve motor performance in individuals with IPD.
Effects of Sprint Training With and Without Weighted Vest on Speed and Repeated Sprint Ability in Male Soccer Players
Authors: Rey Ezequiel , Padrón-Cabo Alexis , Fernández-Penedo Diego 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Rey, E, Padrón-Cabo, A, and Fernández-Penedo, D. Effects of sprint training with and without weighted vest on speed and repeated sprint ability in male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 31(10): 2659–2666, 2017—The purpose of this study was to assess the effect resisted sprint training using weighted vests (WVs) compared with unresisted sprint (US) training on physical fitness (countermovement jump, 10-m sprint, 30-m sprint, and repeated sprint ability [RSA]) in amateur male soccer players. Nineteen soccer players (age: 23.7 ± 4.5 years; height: 178.3 ± 5.8 cm; body mass: 72.9 ± 5.2 kg) were randomly assigned to a WV (n = 10) or a US (n = 9) group. The intervention program had to be performed 2 times a week over 6 weeks. The only difference between the 2 interventions was that the WV group performed all the sprints with an additional weight of 18.9% ± 2.1% of body mass. Within-group analysis showed significant improvements (p < 0.001) in 10-m and 30-m sprint performances from pretest to posttest in WV (+9.42% and +6.04%) and US (+10.87% and +5.10%). Players in both WV and US also showed significant enhancements in RSA average time (AT), fastest time, and total time from pretest to posttest. Percentage changes in 30-m sprint performance, for both groups combined, had a very large correlation with percentage changes in AT of RSA. In the between-groups analysis, there were no differences between the sprint training groups (WV vs. US) in any variable. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that both sprint training methods used seem to be effective to improve soccer-related performance measures, and could be beneficial to players and coaches in field settings.
Dosage of estradiol, bone and body composition in Turner syndrome: a 5-year randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Cleemann Line , Holm Kirsten , Kobbernagel Hanne , Kristensen Bent , Skouby Sven Oluf , Jensen Andreas Kryger , Gravholt Claus H 
Published: November 2016

Objective
Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is seen in Turner syndrome (TS) with an increased risk of fractures, and body composition is characterized by increased body fat and decreased lean body mass. To evaluate the effect of two different doses of oral 17B-estradiol in young TS women on bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical markers of bone turnover and body composition with the hypothesis of a positive effect of the higher dose.

Design
A double-blind 5-year randomized controlled clinical trial. 20 young TS women participated. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of TS, age 15–25 years and current treatment with 2 mg oral estradiol daily.

Methods
The low-dose (LD) group was administered 2 mg 17B-estradiol/day orally and placebo, the high-dose (HD) group was administered 2 + 2 mg 17B-estradiol/day orally. Main outcome measures were whole body and regional bone mineral density (BMD), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM) measured yearly by DXA scan and resorptive and formative bone markers in serum.

Results
BMD, whole body and regional, increased over time with an attenuation toward the end of the study, and bone turnover markers decreased over time, both with no differences between the treatment groups (P = 0.2–0.9). LBM increased significantly more in the HD group (P = 0.02). FM remained stable in both groups.

Conclusions
A steady increase in BMD over time in TS was found similar to healthy young women. The higher estrogen dose did not differentially affect BMD or bone markers. The positive effect on body composition may have long-ranging health benefits in TS.
Cabo Verde e as quatro décadas de independência: dissonâncias, múltiplos discursos, reverberações e lutas por imposições de sentido à sua história recente
Authors: Furtado Cláudio Alves 
Published: November 2016

Os quarenta anos da independência de Cabo Verde, assinalados a 5 de Julho de 2015, mereceram comemorações oficiais dissonantes, com alguma tensão entre o Governo e a Presidência da República. Esta tensão nada mais é do que a expressão, num momento preciso e com protagonistas especiais, de um processo sinuoso e tenso, vivido e interpretado de diversas formas, seja em função de contextos e conjunturas históricopolíticas em concreto, seja da presença dos atores particulares (institucionais ou não) produtores, reprodutores ou meros veiculadores das narrativas que buscam inscrever, na memória histórica nacional, os sentidos e os significados do ato (independência) e do processo (construção do Estado) que se seguiu. Se o presente texto busca, por um lado, fazer emergir os atores, as narrativas, as disputas e os silêncios que marcaram essas curtas e rápidas quatro décadas de independência, por outro, intenta descortinar as tensões, as vicissitudes e os recuos que têm marcado os olhares e os discursos sobre a independência e seus eventuais ganhos e, bem assim, as visões de mundo que sustentam tais olhares e discursos. Pretende-se sustentar que as contradições entre os projetos político-sociais presentes na sociedade cabo-verdiana entre Maio de 1974 e Junho de 1975, de forma recorrente e sinuosa, vão marcar toda a história recente de Cabo Verde, potenciadas, contextualmente, pelas injunções decorrentes de inserções diversas, nuancées e, até, contrastantes, no domínio da integração internacional do país.
FATORES DE RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR EM ESCOLARES EGRESSOS DE UM PROGRAMA MULTIPROFISSIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE
Authors: Da França Lori Da Conceição , Fraga-Maia Helena 
Published: November 2016

Objetivo: Descrever a frequência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em escolares egressos de um programa multiprofissional de educação em saúde destinado a adoção de hábitos de vida saudável. Métodos: Realizou-se uma investigação com egressos do projeto “Doutores Mirins: Multiplicadores do Conhecimento”. Foram convidados a participar escolares de 10 a 14 anos que tivessem obtido 75% de frequência no programa. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (Parecer n. 241.434/2013) e financiado pelo PRO-Saúde/PET-Saúde 2012. Resultados: Observou-se que 65,8% dos escolares eram do sexo feminino e 62,2% tinham idades variando de 12 a 13 anos. Dentre os fatores de risco cardiovascular observados encontravam-se a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (18,9%), o sobrepeso (32,4%), e o sedentarismo (24,3%). O tempo de tela maior que duas horas foi reportado por 75,7% dos entrevistados. O padrão alimentar descrito era, predominantemente, inadequado para 78,0% deles, com baixo consumo de saladas, frutas e verduras e elevada ingesta de alimentos ricos em açúcar, sódio e lipídios. Quanto aos pais, observou-se a escolaridade era baixa, assim como a renda familiar. Detectou-se ainda que grande parte dos genitores cursavam com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (64,9%). Conclusões: Os resultados permitem concluir que fatores ambientais e genéticos configuram um perfil de risco cardiovascular para os escolares justificando a necessidade de intervenções de educação em saúde mais duradouras e que envolvam a família, a escola e as unidades de atenção básica à saúde.
TRATAMENTO DA CANDIDÍASE VULVOVAGINAL E NOVAS PERSPECTIVAS TERAPÊUTICAS: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Dantas Leal Mariana Robatto , Pavie Cardoso Lima Maria Clara Neves , Tozetto Klein Sibele De Oliveira , Lordelo Garboggi Patrícia Virginia Silva 
Published: November 2016

Introdução: A candidíase vulvovaginal (CVV) é um processo infeccioso do trato geniturinário inferior feminino causada pelo fungo Candida. No Brasil, é o segundo diagnóstico mais comum em ginecologia e tem ocasionado preocupação dos profissionais da saúde devido ao crescente número de casos recorrentes. A dificuldade na abordagem terapêutica da CVV aponta para a relevância do desenvolvimento de estudos que abordem as atuais terapias utilizadas para esta infecção e suas limitações, atentando os profissionais da área a desenvolver a visão crítica acerca do tema e buscar modificações no manejo clínico. Objetivo: Este estudo visa descrever o panorama atual dos tratamentos da CVV e as novas perspectivas terapêuticas. Estratégia Metodológica: Foi desenvolvida uma revisão de literatura contendo artigos em língua inglesa e portuguesa acerca dos atuais tratamentos existentes para CVV e possíveis perspectivas terapêuticas. Resultados: Nota-se que os casos de CVV, principalmente os recorrentes, têm apresentado limitação na resposta aos tratamentos medicamentosos atuais e por isto há uma crescente busca por inovações terapêuticas. Dentre as novas possibilidades, o Diodo Emissor de Luz (LED) azul 405 nm é uma possível modalidade de tratamento, no entanto, necessita-se de mais estudos que comprovem sua eficácia. Conclusão: A terapia antifúngica atual tem apresentado limitações, principalmente nos casos de recorrência e isto fortalece a necessidade de busca de novas modalidades terapêuticas que sejam capazes de tratar o processo infeccioso inibindo os mecanismos de resistência do microorganismo.
POR QUE PARTICIPAR DAS REDES SOCIAIS PARA PESQUISADORES?
Authors: Rego Filipe Ferreira de Almeida 
Published: November 2016

Nos últimos anos, o número de redes sociais, aumentaram exponencialmente, assim como suas aplicabilidades. Estas novas aplicabilidades permitem classificar as redes sociais de diversas formas, dentre as quais, as redes sociais para melhoria da saúde. Dentro destas redes sociais que objetivam melhorar a qualidade da saúde das pessoas, destacam-se as redes sociais criadas especificamente para pesquisadores, que aqui chamaremos de “Scientific Social Internet Network” (SSIN).
Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and pre-eclampsia among pregnant women in Ardabil
Authors: Kahnamouei-aghdam Fariba , Pourfarzi Farhad , Eslamnezhad Khadijeh 
Published: November 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Studies have shown that certain infections can increase the risk of pre-eclampsia which one of the common infections among pregnant women was <em>H. pylori</em> with prevalence rate of 60-70% in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between H. pylori infection and pre-eclampsia among pregnant women.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Blood and stool samples were taken from 108 women with pre-eclampsia and 108 healthy pregnant women. Blood samples analyzed by ELISA for specific antibodies against <em>H. pylori</em> cytotoxin associated gene A (Cag A) antigen and stool samples were studied in terms of the presence of <em>H. pylori</em> Cag A antigen. Collected data were analyzed using statistical methods in SPSS.20. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 30 cases (27.8%) of pre-eclampsia women and 34 (31.5%) of healthy women were sero-positive for Cag A antibodies that was not statistically significant difference. Whereas, 67 cases (62.4%) in the case group and 48 cases (44.4%) in the control group had Cag A antigen in stool samples that was statistically significant difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Results showed that, based on detection of <em>H. pylori</em> antigen in stool samples, frequency of active <em>H. pylori</em> in women with pre-eclampsia was 1.8 times higher than the healthy women.</p>
Assessment of radon level in soil samples from Manzala Lake East Nile Delta, Egypt using passive technique
Authors: El-Farrash A. H. , Yousef Hesham A. , Abu El-Ala A. , Magdy A. 
Published: November 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Radon is an important natural radioactive factor harmfully, because radon is radioactive gas comes from the natural decay of uranium series deposits in soil, which is harmful on human and environment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The radon concentrations and exhalation rate were measured using passive technique with CR-39 and LR-115 detectors in twenty soil samples from and around Manzala Lake in the North Nile Delta, Egypt. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> From the results the average value of radon concentration ranged from 874.51 to 136.99 Bqm<sup>-3</sup>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The present study can be used as reference information to detect any harmful radiation that would affect the human and assess any changes in the radioactive background in the studied area. </span></p>
Advanced Stage of Medication‐Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Associated With Oral Bisphosphonates: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Ojha Junu , Cohen Donald M. , Choi Hyden , Schumer Joseph , Gupta Anish , Dang Nathen 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are prescribed for treating diseases exhibiting high bone turnover rates. Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a major adverse effect of BPs. Cases of MRONJ associated with oral BPs for treatment of osteoporosis are much less common compared with intravenous BPs. Most reports of oral BP–associated MRONJ are either stage 1 or stage 2 as classified by the 2014 American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons position paper (Ruggiero et al., J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014;72:1938‐1956). There are ≈24 reported cases of oral BP–induced stage 3 MRONJ presenting as an area of exposed necrotic bone with pain and infection along with a pathologic fracture, an extraoral fistula, oroantral communication, or osteolysis extending to the inferior border of the mandible or sinus floor.Case Series: Three cases of stage 3 MRONJ associated with oral BPs are presented. All three patients had a long history of use of alendronate for over 10 years. Diagnosis of stage 3 MRONJ was made based on clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings. Patients were managed with a course of antibiotics and removal of the necrotic bone.Conclusions: Development of stage 3 MRONJ associated with oral BPs is relatively rare. However, there is an increased risk of advanced MRONJ associated with oral BPs in the presence of longer duration of therapy, dentoalveolar surgery, denture trauma, inflammatory oral diseases, and presence of comorbid factors. Therefore, it is recommended that clinicians educate patients about the advanced adverse effects of oral BPs.
Parameters That Improve Cleaning Efficiency of Subgingival Air Polishing on Titanium Implant Surfaces: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Tastepe Ceylin S. , Lin Xingnan , Donnet Marcel , Wismeijer Daniel , Liu Yuelian 
Published: November 2016

Background: This study aims to reveal how air polishing behaves on a titanium surface by evaluating the size and shape of the cleaned area and the influence of different device settings, probing depths, and cleaning movements.Methods: Forty‐eight titanium sandblasted large‐grit acid‐etched surface film‐coated disks were treated with an air abrasive system using a subgingival plastic nozzle. Two subgingival models were used: open‐ended (step 1) and defined‐size (step 2). In step 1, the most effective parameters were investigated by 5‐second static applications under different settings. In step 2, the best settings were used for dynamic application to test influence of different movements (up–down, slowly up, rotation). For both steps, powder and water consumption and total cleaned area were calculated.Results: Air pressure was the main factor with the strongest effect on cleaning. Increasing air pressure extended cleaning area. Other factors, such as nozzle depth and excessive powder flow amount, had weak influence. Cleaning effect reached deeper than the nozzle physically reached. Step 2 showed that there was no significant difference between different nozzle movements; however, cleaning efficiency decreased significantly without movement.Conclusions: For the most effective clinical use of air polishing, it should be applied with high pressure, deep insertion of nozzle, and enough water flow. Additionally, the nozzle has to be moved to get the best cleaning effect.