bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of local ion transport in lamellar block copolymer electrolytes based on electron micrographs
Authors: Chintapalli Mahati , Higa Kenneth , Chen X. Chelsea , Srinivasan Venkat , Balsara Nitash P. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA method is presented to relate local morphology and ionic conductivity in a solid, lamellar block copolymer electrolyte for lithium batteries, by simulating conductivity through transmission electron micrographs. The electrolyte consists of polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) mixed with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt (SEO/LiTFSI), where the polystyrene phase is structural phase and the poly(ethylene oxide)/LiTFSI phase is ionically conductive. The electric potential distribution is simulated in binarized micrographs by solving the Laplace equation with constant potential boundary conditions. A morphology factor, f, is reported for each image by calculating the effective conductivity relative to a homogenous conductor. Images from two samples are examined, one annealed with large lamellar grains and one unannealed with small grains. The average value of f is 0.45 ± 0.04 for the annealed sample, and 0.37 ± 0.03 for the unannealed sample, both close to the value predicted by effective medium theory, 1/2. Simulated conductivities are compared to published experimental conductivities. The value of fUnannealed/fAnnealed is 0.82 for simulations and 6.2 for experiments. Simulation results correspond well to predictions by effective medium theory but do not explain the experimental measurements. Observation of nanoscale morphology over length scales greater than the size of the micrographs (∼1 μm) may be required to explain the experimental results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 266–274
Increased Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Mediates the Anti‐Cancer Effects of WZ35 via Activating Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Minxiao , Zhou Bin , Zhong Peng , Rajamanickam Vinothkumar , Dai Xuanxuan , Karvannan Kanchana , Zhou Huiping , Zhang Xiuhua , Liang Guang 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUNDThe limited treatment option for recurrent prostate cancer and eventual resistant to conventional chemotherapy drugs has fueled continued interest in finding new anti‐neoplastic agents. WZ35, a chemical analog of curcumin, had been demonstrated to have high chemical stability and potential anticancer effects in gastric cancer cells. The present study aimed to investigate the anti‐prostate cancer effects of WZ35 in vitro and in vivo as well as the underlying mechanism.METHODSTwo prostate cancer cell lines RM‐1 and DU145 were utilized to test the anti‐cancer effects of WZ35 and the underlying mechanism. MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxic effect of WZ35. Cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, alteration of ROS, and [Ca2+]i level were evaluated using flow cytometry. Western blotting assay was applied to measure the levels of proteins associated with apoptosis and cell cycle. Immunofluorescence staining and Electron micrographs were used to evaluate activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Tumor models in nude mice were induced by injection of RM‐1 prostate cancer cells to test the in vivo anticancer action of WZ35.RESULTSOur results showed that WZ35 treatment induced loss of cell viability, cell apoptosis, and G2/M cycle arrest in both RM‐1 and DU145 cells, coupled with ROS overproduction, intracellular calcium surge, and activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in RM‐1 cells. Interestingly, all above changes induced by WZ35 were completely reversed by ROS blockage. In addition, prevention of [Ca2+]i elevation by BAPTA/AM also inhibited activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway induced by WZ35. In vivo studies, WZ35 treatment significantly inhibited RM‐1 homograft tumor growth along with increased ROS accumulation, mitochondrial disruption, and cell apoptosis in tumor tissues.CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, this work provides a novel anticancer candidate for the treatment of prostate cancer and demonstrated that increased ROS mediate the anti‐cancer effects of WZ35 via activating mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Importantly, this work also reveals that targeting ROS generation might be an effective strategy in human androgen‐resistant prostate cancer treatment. Prostate 77:489–504, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modes of governance in India's hydropower development
Authors: Alley Kelly D. 
Published: December 2016

This paper takes a qualitative, context‐specific approach to governance in hydropower development in India by identifying and describing three modes that are important to planning and operations in this sector. Attention is given to the role of documents and citizen actions in the courts, expanding the coverage of water informality in India. Rent‐seeking is also identified as a mode of governance. This qualitative examination draws from policy and official documents, testimonies, and citizen‐justice interactions to shed light on cultural practices and rules that are opaque to the outsider. Analysis of the interplay of these modes of governance forms a deeper understanding of the human dimensions of hydroclimatic challenges across the Himalayas. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1198. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1198This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Joel Barkan and Kenya
Authors: Throup David W. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:Joel Barkan’s interest in Kenya as a high school student inspired a lifetime’s commitment to the country and wider East African region, reflected in his three edited volumes comparing political, economic, and policy developments in Kenya and Tanzania, his work as USAID’s Regional Democracy and Governance Advisor in the early 1990s, and his continuing engagement with the country’s political development through his work at CSIS and his role as founder and chair of the Kenya Working Group, the Washington, D.C.–based lobbying group.
Understanding Social Resistance to the Ebola Response in the Forest Region of the Republic of Guinea: An Anthropological Perspective
Authors: Fairhead James 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:Why did Ebola response initiatives in the Upper Guinea Forest Region regularly encounter resistance, occasionally violent? Extending existing explanations concerning local and humanitarian “culture” and “structural violence,” and drawing on previous anthropological fieldwork and historical and documentary research, this article argues that Ebola disrupted four intersecting but precarious social accommodations that had hitherto enabled radically different and massively unequal worlds to coexist. The disease and the humanitarian response unsettled social accommodations that had become established between existing burial practices and hospital medicine, local political structures and external political subjection, mining interests and communities, and those suspected of “sorcery” and those suspicious of them.
A subtest analysis of The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): which subtests can best discriminate between healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: Cecato Juliana Francisco , Martinelli José Eduardo , Izbicki Rafael , Yassuda Mônica Sanches , Aprahamian Ivan 
Published: December 2016

The authors would like to apologise for a typographical error in the discussion of the above mentioned article.In the discussion on page 830 of the article, paragraph ‘In the present sample, when we tested the accuracy of the MoCA to discriminate between MCI and healthy participants using ROC curves, the best cut-off score was 24 points, with good sensitivity and specificity (92% and 82%, respectively).’Should read:In the present sample, when we tested the accuracy of the MoCA to discriminate between MCI and healthy participants using ROC curves, the best cut-off score was 24 points, with good sensitivity and specificity (83% and 89%, respectively).
Grain neighbour effects on twin transmission in hexagonal close-packed materials
Authors: Arul Kumar M. , Beyerlein I. J. , McCabe R. J. , Tomé C. N. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMaterials with a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal structure such as Mg, Ti and Zr are being used in the transportation, aerospace and nuclear industry, respectively. Material strength and formability are critical qualities for shaping these materials into parts and a pervasive deformation mechanism that significantly affects their formability is deformation twinning. The interaction between grain boundaries and twins has an important influence on the deformation behaviour and fracture of hcp metals. Here, statistical analysis of large data sets reveals that whether twins transmit across grain boundaries depends not only on crystallography but also strongly on the anisotropy in crystallographic slip. We show that increases in crystal plastic anisotropy enhance the probability of twin transmission by comparing the relative ease of twin transmission in hcp materials such as Mg, Zr and Ti.
Polarization-independent split bull’s eye antennas for infrared nano-photodetectors
Authors: Yang Meng , Ren Fang-Fang , Pu Lin , Xiao Long , Sheng Yun , Wang Junzhuan , Lu Hai , Zheng Youdou , Shi Yi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSplit bull’s eye (SBE) antennas exhibit much larger extraordinary optical transmission and strong polarization dependence rather than bull’s eye (BE) antennas in the infrared range due to the introduced sub-wavelength slit. Here, we demonstrate a dual-split bull’s eye (DSBE) antenna, which consists of two sub-wavelength slits crossing through the center of the BE antenna with an intersection angle θ. The polarization dependence in transmission can be flexibly tailored by adjusting the intersection angle, following a cos2 (Φ + θ/2) angular dependence on polarization angle Φ. When θ = 90°, the DSBE antenna yields high and polarization-independent transmission enhancement over the entire infrared spectrum. It presents highly promising applications for polarization-insensitive photodetectors and other optoelectronic devices.
Bursty properties revealed in large-scale brain networks with a point-based method for dynamic functional connectivity
Authors: Thompson William Hedley , Fransson Peter 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe brain is organized into large scale spatial networks that can be detected during periods of rest using fMRI. The brain is also a dynamic organ with activity that changes over time. We developed a method and investigated properties where the connections as a function of time are derived and quantified. The point based method (PBM) presented here derives covariance matrices after clustering individual time points based upon their global spatial pattern. This method achieved increased temporal sensitivity, together with temporal network theory, allowed us to study functional integration between resting-state networks. Our results show that functional integrations between two resting-state networks predominately occurs in bursts of activity. This is followed by varying intermittent periods of less connectivity. The described point-based method of dynamic resting-state functional connectivity allows for a detailed and expanded view on the temporal dynamics of resting-state connectivity that provides novel insights into how neuronal information processing is integrated in the human brain at the level of large-scale networks.
Detection of Extremely Low Concentrations of Biological Substances Using Near-Field Illumination
Authors: Yasuura Masato , Fujimaki Makoto 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn external force-assisted near-field illumination biosensor (EFA-NI biosensor) detects a target substance that is propelled through an evanescent field by an external force. The target substance is sandwiched between an antibody coupled to a magnetic bead and an antibody coupled to a polystyrene bead. The external force is supplied by a magnetic field. The magnetic bead propels the target substance and the polystyrene bead emits an optical signal. The detection protocol includes only two steps; mixing the sample solution with a detection reagent containing the antibody-coated beads and injecting the sample mixture into a liquid cell. Because the system detects the motion of the beads, the sensor allows detection of trace amounts of target substances without a washing step. The detection capability of the sensor was demonstrated by the detection of norovirus virus-like particles at a concentration of ~40 particles per 100 μl in contaminated water.
Genes encoding norcoclaurine synthase occur as tandem fusions in the Papaveraceae
Authors: Li Jing , Lee Eun-Jeong , Chang Limei , Facchini Peter J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNorcoclaurine synthase (NCS) catalyzes the enantioselective Pictet-Spengler condensation of dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde as the first step in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) biosynthesis. NCS orthologs in available transcriptome databases were screened for variants that might improve the low yield of BIAs in engineered microorganisms. Databases for 21 BIA-producing species from four plant families yielded 33 assembled contigs with homology to characterized NCS genes. Predicted translation products generated from nine contigs consisted of two to five sequential repeats, each containing most of the sequence found in single-domain enzymes. Assembled contigs containing tandem domain repeats were detected only in members of the Papaveraceae family, including opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Fourteen cDNAs were generated from 10 species, five of which encoded NCS orthologs with repeated domains. Functional analysis of corresponding recombinant proteins yielded six active NCS enzymes, including four containing either two, three or four repeated catalytic domains. Truncation of the first 25 N-terminal amino acids from the remaining polypeptides revealed two additional enzymes. Multiple catalytic domains correlated with a proportional increase in catalytic efficiency. Expression of NCS genes in Saccharomyces cereviseae also produced active enzymes. The metabolic conversion capacity of engineered yeast positively correlated with the number of repeated domains.
Genome-wide Analysis of WD40 Protein Family in Human
Authors: Zou Xu-Dong , Hu Xue-Jia , Ma Jing , Li Tuan , Ye Zhi-Qiang , Wu Yun-Dong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe WD40 proteins, often acting as scaffolds to form functional complexes in fundamental cellular processes, are one of the largest families encoded by the eukaryotic genomes. Systematic studies of this family on genome scale are highly required for understanding their detailed functions, but are currently lacking in the animal lineage. Here we present a comprehensive in silico study of the human WD40 family. We have identified 262 non-redundant WD40 proteins, and grouped them into 21 classes according to their domain architectures. Among them, 11 animal-specific domain architectures have been recognized. Sequence alignment indicates the complicated duplication and recombination events in the evolution of this family. Through further phylogenetic analysis, we have revealed that the WD40 family underwent more expansion than the overall average in the evolutionary early stage, and the early emerged WD40 proteins are prone to domain architectures with fundamental cellular roles and more interactions. While most widely and highly expressed human WD40 genes originated early, the tissue-specific ones often have late origin. These results provide a landscape of the human WD40 family concerning their classification, evolution, and expression, serving as a valuable complement to the previous studies in the plant lineage.
Ferromagnetic glass-coated microwires with good heating properties for magnetic hyperthermia
Authors: Talaat A. , Alonso J. , Zhukova V. , Garaio E. , García J. A. , Srikanth H. , Phan M. H. , Zhukov A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe heating properties of Fe71.7Si11B13.4Nb3Ni0.9 amorphous glass-coated microwires are explored for prospective applications in magnetic hyperthermia. We show that a single 5 mm long wire is able to produce a sufficient amount of heat, with the specific loss power (SLP) reaching a value as high as 521 W/g for an AC field of 700 Oe and a frequency of 310 kHz. The large SLP is attributed to the rectangular hysteresis loop resulting from a peculiar domain structure of the microwire. For an array of parallel microwires, we have observed an SLP improvement by one order of magnitude; 950 W/g for an AC field of 700 Oe. The magnetostatic interaction strength essential in the array of wires can be manipulated by varying the distance between the wires, showing a decreasing trend in SLP with increasing wire separation. The largest SLP is obtained when the wires are aligned along the direction of the AC field. The origin of the large SLP and relevant heating mechanisms are discussed.
Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) serves as a potential prognostic indicator in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mo Zhijing , Zheng Shunxin , Lv Zhilue , Zhuang Yuan , Lan Xiuwan , Wang Feng , Lu Xiaoling , Zhao Yongxiang , Zhou Sufang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSenescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) has been identified as a tumor-related molecule of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its clinical significance and underlying mechanisms in HCC tissues, however, remain largely unexplored. We have demonstrated a preferentially expressed SMP30 in normal liver using a tissue microarray. By employing real-time quantitative PCR, two tissue microarrays and Oncomine database analysis, we have also shown that the SMP30 in HCC tissues has significantly reduced when compared with that in paired adjacent non-tumor tissues (P = 0.0037). The reduced expression of SMP30 is very noticeably related to larger tumor size (P = 0.012), enhanced TNM (P = 0.009) and worse survival (P < 0.0001) in HCC patients. The analyses using Cox regression have indicated that the decreased SMP30 expression is an independent risk to the reduced overall survival rate of HCC patients (P = 0.001), and the down-regulation of SMP30 in HCC might be mediated by DNA methylation. Moreover, genes co-expressed with SMP30 may affect the prognosis through apoptotic process, biological adhesion and blood coagulation by PANTHER analyses. Our studies have indicated that the SMP30 may serve as a candidate of HCC clinical prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target.
Wide-angle Spectrally Selective Perfect Absorber by Utilizing Dispersionless Tamm Plasmon Polaritons
Authors: Xue Chun-hua , Wu Feng , Jiang Hai-tao , Li Yunhui , Zhang Ye-wen , Chen Hong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe theoretically investigate wide-angle spectrally selective absorber by utilizing dispersionless Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) under TM polarization. TPPs are resonant tunneling effects occurring on the interface between one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) and metal slab, and their dispersion properties are essentially determined by that of 1DPCs. Our investigations show that dispersionless TPPs can be excited in 1DPCs containing hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) on metal substrate. Based on dispersionless TPPs, electromagnetic waves penetrate into metal substrate and are absorbed entirely by lossy metal, exhibiting a narrow-band and wide-angle perfect absorption for TM polarization. Our results exhibit nearly perfect absorption with a value over 98% in the angle of incidence region of 0–80 degree.
Identification of disease comorbidity through hidden molecular mechanisms
Authors: Ko Younhee , Cho Minah , Lee Jin-Sung , Kim Jaebum 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDespite multiple diseases co-occur, their underlying common molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Identification of comorbid diseases by considering the interactions between molecular components is a key to understand the underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we developed a novel approach utilizing both common disease-causing genes and underlying molecular pathways to identify comorbid diseases. Our approach enables the analysis of common pathologies shared by comorbid diseases through molecular interaction networks. We found that the integration of direct genetic sharing and indirect high-level molecular associations revealed significantly strong consistency with known comorbid diseases. In addition, neoplasm-related diseases showed high comorbidity patterns within themselves as well as with other diseases, indicating severe complications. This study demonstrated that molecular pathway information could be used to discover disease comorbidity and hidden biological mechanism to understand pathogenesis and provide new insight on disease pathology.
Ubiquitylation Directly Induces Fold Destabilization of Proteins
Authors: Morimoto Daichi , Walinda Erik , Fukada Harumi , Sugase Kenji , Shirakawa Masahiro 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUbiquitin is a common post-translational modifier and its conjugation is a key signal for proteolysis by the proteasome. Because the molecular mass of ubiquitin is larger than that of other modifiers such as phosphate, acetyl, or methyl groups, ubiquitylation not only influences biochemical signaling, but also may exert physical effects on its substrate proteins by increasing molecular volume and altering shape anisotropy. Here we show that ubiquitylation destabilizes the fold of two proteins, FKBP12 and FABP4, and that elongation of the conjugated ubiquitin chains further enhances this destabilization effect. Moreover, NMR relaxation analysis shows that ubiquitylation induces characteristic structural fluctuations in the backbone of both proteins. These results suggest that the ubiquitylation-driven structural fluctuations lead to fold destabilization of its substrate proteins. Thus, physical destabilization by ubiquitylation may facilitate protein degradation by the proteasome.
Maternal Postpartum Depression and Communication Development in Infants: Is There a Role for the Speech-Language Pathologist?
Authors: Hall Nancy 
Published: December 2016

Objective
To survey speech-language pathologists (SLPs) regarding their involvement in treating infants whose mothers experience postpartum depression.

Method
SIG 1 members were invited to participate in an 8-question survey examining their involvement with infant-mother pairs, including mothers diagnosed with postpartum depression (PPD).

Results
Results indicate that, while some SLPs frequently work with infant-mother pairs, few have knowledge regarding the diagnosis of PPD in the mothers.

Conclusions
It is likely that many SLPs are working with infant-mother pairs that include mothers who are experiencing PPD. Suggestions regarding the role of the SLP are offered, including providing support for these mothers in terms of obtaining services and helping these mothers use appropriate infant-directed speech to facilitate communication and cognitive development in their infants.