bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep sequencing and transcriptome analyses to identify genes involved in secoiridoid biosynthesis in the Tibetan medicinal plant Swertia mussotii
Authors: Liu Yue , Wang Yi , Guo Fengxian , Zhan Lin , Mohr Toni , Cheng Prisca , Huo Naxin , Gu Ronghui , Pei Danning , Sun Jiaqing , Tang Li , Long Chunlin , Huang Luqi , Gu Yong Q. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSwertia mussotii Franch. is an important traditional Tibetan medicinal plant with pharmacological properties effective in the treatment of various ailments including hepatitis. Secoiridoids are the major bioactive compounds in S. mussotii. To better understand the secoiridoid biosynthesis pathway, we generated transcriptome sequences from the root, leaf, stem, and flower tissues, and performed de novo sequence assembly, yielding 98,613 unique transcripts with an N50 of 1,085 bp. Putative functions could be assigned to 35,029 transcripts (35.52%) based on BLAST searches against annotation databases including GO and KEGG. The expression profiles of 39 candidate transcripts encoding the key enzymes for secoiridoid biosynthesis were examined in different S. mussotii tissues, validated by qRT-PCR, and compared with the homologous genes from S. japonica, a species in the same family, unveiling the gene expression, regulation, and conservation of the pathway. The examination of the accumulated levels of three bioactive compounds, sweroside, swertiamarin, and gentiopicroside, revealed their considerable variations in different tissues, with no significant correlation with the expression profiles of key genes in the pathway, suggesting complex biological behaviours in the coordination of metabolite biosynthesis and accumulation. The genomic dataset and analyses presented here lay the foundation for further research on this important medicinal plant.
Realizing total reciprocity violation in the phase for photon scattering
Authors: Deák László , Bottyán László , Fülöp Tamás , Merkel Dániel Géza , Nagy Dénes Lajos , Sajti Szilárd , Schulze Kai Sven , Spiering Hartmut , Uschmann Ingo , Wille Hans-Christian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractReciprocity is when wave or quantum scattering satisfies a symmetry property, connecting a scattering process with the reversed one. While reciprocity involves the interchange of source and detector, it is fundamentally different from rotational invariance, and is a generalization of time reversal invariance, occurring in absorptive media as well. Due to its presence at diverse areas of physics, it admits a wide variety of applications. For polarization dependent scatterings, reciprocity is often violated, but violation in the phase of the scattering amplitude is much harder to experimentally observe than violation in magnitude. Enabled by the advantageous properties of nuclear resonance scattering of synchrotron radiation, we have measured maximal, i.e., 180-degree, reciprocity violation in the phase. For accessing phase information, we introduced a new version of stroboscopic detection. The scattering setting was devised based on a generalized reciprocity theorem that opens the way to construct new types of reciprocity related devices.
Specific pathways mediating inflammasome activation by Candida parapsilosis
Authors: Tóth Adél , Zajta Erik , Csonka Katalin , Vágvölgyi Csaba , Netea Mihai G. , Gácser Attila 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCandida albicans and C. parapsilosis are human pathogens causing severe infections. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in host defence against C. albicans, but it has been previously unknown whether C. parapsilosis activates this complex. Here we show that C. parapsilosis induces caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion in THP-1, as well as primary, human macrophages. IL-1β secretion was dependent on NLRP3, K+-efflux, TLR4, IRAK, Syk, caspase-1, caspase-8 and NADPH-oxidase. Importantly, while C. albicans induced robust IL-1β release after 4 h, C. parapsilosis was not able to stimulate the production of IL-1β after this short incubation period. We also found that C. parapsilosis was phagocytosed to a lesser extent, and induced significantly lower ROS production and lysosomal cathepsin B release compared to C. albicans, suggesting that the low extent of inflammasome activation by C. parapsilosis may result from a delay in the so-called “signal 2”. In conclusion, this is the first study to examine the molecular pathways responsible for the IL-1β production in response to a non-albicans Candida species, and these results enhance our understanding about the immune response against C. parapsilosis.
Stacking multiple connecting functional materials in tandem organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Deng-Ke , Jiang Nan , Lu Zheng-Hong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTandem device is an important architecture in fabricating high performance organic light-emitting diodes and organic photovoltaic cells. The key element in making a high performance tandem device is the connecting materials stack, which plays an important role in electric field distribution, charge generation and charge injection. For a tandem organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with a simple Liq/Al/MoO3 stack, we discovered that there is a significant current lateral spreading causing light emission over an extremely large area outside the OLED pixel when the Al thickness exceeds 2 nm. This spread light emission, caused by an inductive electric field over one of the device unit, limits one’s ability to fabricate high performance tandem devices. To resolve this issue, a new connecting materials stack with a C60 fullerene buffer layer is reported. This new structure permits optimization of the Al metal layer in the connecting stack and thus enables us to fabricate an efficient tandem OLED having a high 155.6 cd/A current efficiency and a low roll-off (or droop) in current efficiency.
Targeted inhibition of Focal Adhesion Kinase Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis and Preserves Heart Function in Adverse Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Zhang Jie , Fan Guangpu , Zhao Hui , Wang Zhiwei , Li Fei , Zhang Peide , Zhang Jing , Wang Xu , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCardiac fibrosis in post-myocardial infarction (MI), seen in both infarcted and non-infarcted myocardium, is beneficial to the recovery of heart function. But progressively pathological fibrosis impairs ventricular function and leads to poor prognosis. FAK has recently received attention as a potential mediator of fibrosis, our previous study reported that pharmacological inhibition of FAK can attenuate cardiac fibrosis in post MI models. However, the long-term effects on cardiac function and adverse cardiac remodelling were not clearly investigated. In this study, we tried to determine the preliminary mechanisms in regulating CF transformation to myofibroblasts and ECM synthesis relevant to the development of adverse cardiac remolding in vivo and in vitro. Our study provides even more evidence that FAK is directly related to the activation of CF in hypoxia condition in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of FAK significantly reduces myofibroblast differentiation; our in vivo data demonstrated that a FAK inhibitor significantly decreases fibrotic score, and preserves partial left ventricular function. Both PI3K/AKT signalling and ERK1/2 are necessary for hypoxia-induced CF differentiation and ECM synthesis; this process also involves lysyl oxidase (LOX). These findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of FAK may become an effective therapeutic strategy against adverse fibrosis.
The WASP-Arp2/3 complex signal cascade is involved in actin-dependent sperm nuclei migration during double fertilization in tobacco and maize
Authors: Peng Xiongbo , Yan Tingting , Sun Mengxiang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSperm nuclear migration during fertilization in Arabidopsis and rice has recently been found to be actin-dependent, but the driving force behind this actin cytoskeleton-dependent motion is unclear. Here, we confirmed that the actin-dependent sperm nuclei migration during fertilization is a conserved mechanism in plants. Using in vitro fertilization systems, we showed that a functional actin is also essential in maize and tobacco for sperm nuclei migration after gamete membrane fusion. Cytoskeleton depolymerization inhibitor treatments supported the view that sperm nuclei migration is actin-dependent but microtubule-independent in both egg cell and central cell during double fertilization. We further revealed that the actin-based motor myosin is not the driving force for sperm nuclear migration in maize and tobacco. The WASP-Arp2/3 complex signal cascade is shown here to be involved in the regulation of sperm nuclear migration in maize and tobacco. It is interesting that sperm nuclei migration within somatic cell also need WASP-Arp2/3 complex signal cascade and actin, suggesting that the mechanism of sperm nuclear migration is not gamete specific.
Distribution of valence electrons of the flavin cofactor in NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase
Authors: Takaba Kiyofumi , Takeda Kazuki , Kosugi Masayuki , Tamada Taro , Miki Kunio 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFlavin compounds such as flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), flavin mononucleotide and riboflavin make up the active centers in flavoproteins that facilitate various oxidoreductive processes. The fine structural features of the hydrogens and valence electrons of the flavin molecules in the protein environment are critical to the functions of the flavoproteins. However, information on these features cannot be obtained from conventional protein X-ray analyses at ordinary resolution. Here we report the charge density analysis of a flavoenzyme, NADH-cytochromeb5reductase (b5R), at an ultra-high resolution of 0.78 Å. Valence electrons on the FAD cofactor as well as the peptide portion, which are clearly visualized even after the conventional refinement, are analyzed by the multipolar atomic model refinement. The topological analysis for the determined electron density reveals the valence electronic structure of the isoalloxazine ring of FAD and hydrogen-bonding interactions with the protein environment. The tetrahedral electronic distribution around the N5 atom of FAD in b5R is stabilized by hydrogen bonding with CαH of Tyr65 and amide-H of Thr66. The hydrogen bonding network leads to His49 composing the cytochromeb5-binding sitevianon-classical hydrogen bonds between N5 of FAD and CαH of Tyr65 and O of Tyr65 and CβH of His49.
Relish2 mediates bursicon homodimer-induced prophylactic immunity in the mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Dong Shengzhang , Chen Xi , Stanley David , Beerntsen Brenda , Feng Qili , Song Qisheng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBursicon is a neuropeptide hormone consisting of two cystine-knot proteins (burs α and burs β), responsible for cuticle tanning and other developmental processes in insects. Recent studies show that each bursicon subunit forms homodimers that induce prophylactic immunity in Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that bursicon homodimers act in prophylactic immunity in insects, and possibly arthropods, generally, using the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. We found that burs α and burs β are expressed in larvae, pupae and newly emerged adults. Treating newly emerged Ae. aegypti and D. melanogaster adults with recombinant bursicon (r-bursicon) heterodimer led to cuticle tanning in both species. Treating larvae and adults with r-bursicon homodimers led to up-regulation of five anti-microbial peptide (AMP) genes, noting the possibility that bursicon heterodimers also lead to up-regulation of these genes can not been excluded. The induced AMPs effectively suppressed the growth of bacteria in vitro. RNAi knock-down of the transcriptional factor Relish2 abolished the influence of r-bursicon homodimers on AMP production. We infer the bursicon homodimers induce expression of AMP genes via Relish2 in Ae. aegypti, as prophylactic immunity to protect mosquitoes during the vulnerable stages of each molt.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Observation of Phonon Condensate
Authors: Altfeder Igor , Voevodin Andrey A. , Check Michael H. , Eichfeld Sarah M. , Robinson Joshua A. , Balatsky Alexander V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUsing quantum tunneling of electrons into vibrating surface atoms, phonon oscillations can be observed on the atomic scale. Phonon interference patterns with unusually large signal amplitudes have been revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy in intercalated van der Waals heterostructures. Our results show that the effective radius of these phonon quasi-bound states, the real-space distribution of phonon standing wave amplitudes, the scattering phase shifts, and the nonlinear intermode coupling strongly depend on the presence of defect-induced scattering resonance. The observed coherence of these quasi-bound states most likely arises from phase- and frequency-synchronized dynamics of all phonon modes, and indicates the formation of many-body condensate of optical phonons around resonant defects. We found that increasing the strength of the scattering resonance causes the increase of the condensate droplet radius without affecting the condensate fraction inside it. The condensate can be observed at room temperature.
UVRAG Deficiency Exacerbates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: An Lin , Hu Xiao-wen , Zhang Shasha , Hu Xiaowen , Song Zongpei , Naz Amber , Zi Zhenguo , Wu Jian , Li Can , Zou Yunzeng , He Lin , Zhu Hongxin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapeutic drug in the treatment of various types of cancers. However, its clinical application has been largely limited by potential development of cardiotoxicity. Previously we have shown that ultra-violet radiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG), an autophagy-related protein, is essential for the maintenance of autophagic flux in the heart under physiological conditions. Here, we sought to determine the role of UVRAG-mediated autophagy in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Mouse models of acute or chronic DOX-induced cardiotoxicity were established. UVRAG deficiency exacerbated DOX-induced mortality and cardiotoxicity manifested by increased cytoplasmic vacuolization, enhanced collagen accumulation, elevated serum activities of lactate dehydrogenase and myocardial muscle creatine kinase, higher ROS levels, aggravated apoptosis and more depressed cardiac function. Autophagic flux was impaired in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. UVRAG deficiency aggravated impaired autophagic flux in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Intermittent fasting restored autophagy and ameliorated pathological alterations of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Collectively, our data suggest that UVRAG deficiency exacerbates DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, at least in part, through aggravation of DOX-induced impaired autophagic flux. Intermittent fasting, which restores blunted autophagic flux and ameliorates pathology in the mouse models of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, may be used as a potential preventive or therapeutic approach for DOX cardiotoxicity.
Hyaluronic Acid Fillers in Soft Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Fallacara Arianna , Durini Elisa , Vertuani Silvia , Manfredini Stefano 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOver the last years, hyaluronic acid (HA) injectable dermal fillers (DFs) have become the most popular agents for soft tissue contouring and volumizing. HA fillers are characterized by most of the properties that an ideal DF should have, due to HA unique chemical-physical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatility. Therefore, HA DFs have revolutionized the filler market with a high number of products, which differ in terms of HA source, cross-linkage (agent and degree), HA concentration, hardness, cohesivity, consistency, inclusion or lack of anesthetic, indication, and longevity of correction. The article first provides a general introduction to DF world, and an overview of the different materials is available for fillers. Second, it describes the characteristics and the peculiarities of HA fillers, their differences from the other available materials, and therefore the reasons at the base of their success. Moreover, an update regarding the main Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved fillers is presented.
Adjuncts to Improve Nasal Reconstruction Results
Authors: Hurst Eva , Gordon Shayna 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe final cosmetic appearance of nasal reconstruction scars is of paramount importance to both the patient and surgeon. Ideal postreconstruction nasal scars are flat and indistinguishable from surrounding skin. Unfortunately, even with meticulous surgical execution, nasal scars can occasionally be suboptimal. Abnormal fibroblast response can lead to hypertrophic nasal scars, and excessive angiogenesis may lead to telangiectasias or an erythematous scar. Imperfect surgical closure or poor postoperative management can lead to surgical outcomes with step-offs, depressions, suture marks, or dyspigmentation. Aesthetically unacceptable nasal scars can cause pruritus, tenderness, pain, sleep disturbance, and anxiety and depression in postsurgical patients. Fortunately, there are several minimally invasive or noninvasive techniques that allow for enhancement and improvement of cosmetic results with minimal risk and associated downtime. This article provides an overview of adjuncts to improve nasal reconstruction with a focus on techniques to be used in the postoperative period. Armed with an understanding of relevant available therapies, skillful surgeons may drastically improve the final cosmesis and outcome of nasal reconstruction scars.
Using Grafts and Granulation to Improve Nasal Repair
Authors: Gruber Paul , Walen Scott , Massa Sean , Maher Ian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSkin grafts offer a dynamic repair option for nasal defects of appropriate size, depth, and location. Granulation and grafting can successfully be used as stand-alone reconstructive options or in conjunction with flap repair. This article reviews suitable indications for graft and granulation use in nasal repair to achieve optimum functional and esthetic outcomes.
Reconstruction of the Intranasal Lining
Authors: Zenga Joseph , Chi John 
Published: February 2017

AbstractReconstruction of full-thickness nasal defects has been the subject of surgical inquiry and innovation for over 2,000 years. The replacement of the internal nasal lining is a critical feature of complex nasal reconstruction. Successful reconstruction can prevent cicatricial contraction, external distortion, and internal stenosis. An array of reconstructive possibilities has been described, including cutaneous, mucosal, and fascial options. The challenge to the reconstructive surgeon is to select the repair that maximizes internal stability, while maintaining a patent nasal airway, minimizing morbidity, and meeting patient expectations. This article reviews the options available for the reconstruction of the intranasal lining.
Interpolated Flaps
Authors: Karimnejad Kaveh , Maher Ian , Gruber Paul , Walen Scott , Gado Samkon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNasal reconstruction has been articulated in the literature since 700 B.C. when the earliest iteration of the forehead flap was described in the Indian medical treatise, the Sushruta Samhita. Since then it has evolved into the interpolated flap which has served as a powerful tool for facial reconstruction. The interpolated flap is constructed from nonadjacent donor tissue that has an inherent blood supply. It requires a multistaged approach and is best suited for reconstruction of large or deep defects of the nose. There are three types of interpolated flaps used for nasal reconstruction: the forehead, melolabial, and nasofacial interpolation flaps. The nose is the central feature of the human face and its placement is both aesthetic and functional. Any defects owing to accidental or iatrogenic trauma can cause physiologic and psychological injury to patients. This article aims to review the aforementioned flaps and give indications, contraindications, procedure details, and future directions of these flaps.
Selective autophagy limits cauliflower mosaic virus infection by NBR1-mediated targeting of viral capsid protein and particles
Authors: Hafrén Anders , Macia Jean-Luc , Love Andrew J. , Milner Joel J. , Drucker Martin , Hofius Daniel 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Autophagy contributes to innate immune responses in metazoans by targeted elimination of intracellular pathogens, including viruses, in a process termed “xenophagy.” Whether autophagy has a similar role in plant immunity is unknown. Here we demonstrate that the selective autophagy receptor NEIGHBOR OF BRCA1 (NBR1) binds the viral capsid protein and particles of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and mediates their autophagic degradation. We further demonstrate that this antiviral xenophagy is counteracted by protective functions of autophagy-resistant CaMV inclusion bodies. Finally, we show that a second, nonselective NBR1-independent autophagy pathway promotes plant viability during infection and serves as a proviral mechanism to extend the timespan for virus production and potential CaMV transmission. Thus autophagy exhibits important pro- and antiviral roles in compatible plant–virus interactions.
Conformational dynamics of a neurotransmitter:sodium symporter in a lipid bilayer
Authors: Adhikary Suraj , Deredge Daniel J. , Nagarajan Anu , Forrest Lucy R. , Wintrode Patrick L. , Singh Satinder K. 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Most studies of neurotransmitter:sodium symporter (NSS) function and dynamics have been carried out in detergent even though the activity of these integral membrane proteins is heavily modulated by surrounding lipids. Here, we reconstituted the prokaryotic homolog LeuT into nanodiscs and subjected the preparation to hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to reveal a global view of the hallmarks of the transporter in two disparate conformations. The data were interpreted with the aid of molecular dynamics simulations, allowing unprecedented atomic-level insights into the dynamics of an unmodified, unlabeled NSS in a native-like lipid bilayer environment.
EHD2 restrains dynamics of caveolae by an ATP-dependent, membrane-bound, open conformation
Authors: Hoernke Maria , Mohan Jagan , Larsson Elin , Blomberg Jeanette , Kahra Dana , Westenhoff Sebastian , Schwieger Christian , Lundmark Richard 
Published: February 2017

Significance
The EHD2 protein controls the association of membrane pits termed caveolae to cell surfaces. Caveolae are implicated in muscle, pulmonary, and lipid disorders. We establish functionally, and structurally, how EHD2 cycles between an active, membrane-bound state and an inactive state in solution. We present an approach to resolve the structure of proteins in their membrane-bound state, which is difficult to obtain otherwise. A dramatic conformational change of EHD2 upon membrane binding is demonstrated. ATP binding is required for partial membrane insertion and subsequent oligomerization. In solution, internal regulatory regions inhibit the conformational change. This stringently regulated mechanistic cycle might be prototypical for a large family of proteins involved in membrane fission and may open avenues to control the process in vivo.