bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Study of the Causes of Bruises in Premobile Infants
Authors: Feldman Kenneth W. , Tayama Tricia M. , Strickler Leslie E. , Johnson Lee A. , Kolhatkar Gauri , DeRidder Catherine A. , Matthews Dana C. , Sidbury Robert , Taylor James A. 
Published: October 2017

Objective
This study had 2 objectives. First, to determine the behavior of physicians evaluating premobile infants with bruises. Second, and most importantly, to learn whether infants with unexplained bruising who had been initially evaluated by primary care and emergency department (ED) physicians are as likely to have their bruises attributed to child abuse as those children evaluated by child abuse physicians.

Methods
Primary care, ED, and child abuse pediatricians (CAPs) in King County, Washington, San Mateo, Calif, Albuquerque, NM, La Crosse, Wis, and Torrance, Calif prospectively identified and studied infants younger than 6 months with less than 6 bruises, which were judged by the evaluating clinician to be explained or unexplained after their initial clinical examination.

Results
Between March 1, 2010, and March 1, 2017, 63 infants with initially explained and 46 infants with initially unexplained bruises were identified. Infants with unexplained bruises had complete coagulation and abuse evaluations less frequently if they were initially identified by primary care pediatricians or ED providers than by CAPs. After imaging, laboratory, and follow-up, 54.2% (26) of the infants with initially unexplained bruises, including 2 who had been initially diagnosed with accidental injuries, were diagnosed as abused. Three (6.2%) infants had accidental bruising, 6 (12.4%) abuse mimics, 1 (2.5%) self-injury, 1 (2.5%) medical injury, and 11 (22.9%) remained of unknown causation. None had causal coagulation disorders. A total of 65.4% of the 26 abused infants had occult injuries detected by their imaging and laboratory evaluations. Six (23.1%) abused infants were not diagnosed until after they sustained subsequent injuries. Three (11.5%) were recognized abused by police investigation alone. Thirty-eight percent of the abused, bruised infants had a single bruise. Clinicians' estimates of abuse likelihood based on their initial clinical evaluation were inaccurate. Primary care, ED, and child abuse physicians identified abused infants at similar rates.

Conclusions
More than half of premobile infants with initially unexplained bruises were found to be abused. Abuse was as likely for infants identified by primary care and ED providers as for those identified by CAPs. Currently, physicians often do not obtain full abuse evaluations in premobile infants with unexplained bruising. Their initial clinical judgment about abuse likelihood was inadequate. Bruised infants often have clinically occult abusive injuries or will sustain subsequent serious abuse. Bruised infants should have full abuse evaluations and referral for Protective Services and police assessments.
Use of Ondansetron for Vomiting After Head Trauma
Authors: Green-Hopkins Israel , Monuteaux Michael C. , Lee Lois K. , Nigrovic Lise E. , Mannix Rebekah , Schutzman Sara A. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives
We describe ondansetron use in children with head injury evaluated in pediatric emergency departments and its association with return visits and late diagnoses of intracranial injuries requiring intervention.

Methods
Children ages 6 months to 18 years discharged without neuroimaging from 35 pediatric emergency departments with a diagnosis of head injury from 2009 to 2013 were identified retrospectively from the Pediatric Health Information System. We evaluated the rates of ondansetron use during the study period and of the association of ondansetron treatment with the diagnosis of intracranial injury, skull fracture, and return visits within 72 hours requiring admission or operative intervention.

Results
We identified 218,904 encounters during the study period. Of these, 5894 patients (2.8%) were given ondansetron. There was significant variation in the use of ondansetron during the index visit between hospitals (0.1%–5.7%), and ondansetron use significantly increased over the study period. Return visits within 72 hours were more likely for patients treated with ondansetron during the index visit (3.7% vs 1.9%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.7–2.4). These patients were more likely to be admitted than those not treated initially with ondansetron (7% vs 4%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–3.55). There were no significant differences in rates of skull fractures, intracranial injury, intensive care unit admission, or operative intervention between groups.

Conclusions
Ondansetron use during an initial emergency department visit for head trauma in children not requiring neuroimaging is associated with a higher likelihood of return within 72 hours and subsequent admission. There were no differences in rates of missed skull fractures, intracranial injury, intensive care admission, or operative intervention for groups who were and were not treated with ondansetron; however, this study was underpowered to detect significant differences in these categories. Future investigations with greater numbers would be required to confidently assess these critical differences.
Surgical Treatment of Dentofacial Deformities Caused by Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Stoor Patricia , Hodzic Zlatan , Arte Sirpa 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The purpose of our retrospective study was to evaluate the results of orthognathic treatment, distraction osteogenesis, and/or prosthetic reconstruction of the temporomandibular joints in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
Twelve patients with severely affected temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and reduced ramus height were treated with mandibular advancement with orthognathic surgery (11) and additional bilateral or unilateral mandibular ramus distraction (3) or additional bilateral or unilateral prosthetic reconstruction of the TMJ (3). One patient was treated surgically with bilateral TMJ prosthetic reconstruction only. The patients were followed up clinically and radiologically with emphasis on healing, TMJ function, stability of the occlusion, skeletal stability, and facial appearance for an average of 2.3 years after the final surgery. The mean mandibular advancement was 10.1 mm. The mean relapse at pogonion was 2.1 mm, which represents 20.8% of the surgical advancement. The occlusion was stable in 11/12 patients. The TMJ function was good and the facial esthetics improved in all patients. Orthognathic treatment and mandibular ramus distraction osteogenesis provide beneficial lengthening of the mandibular body in JIA patients with asymptomatic and stabile condyles. In adult patients with relapse of the disease or postoperative condylar relapse prosthetic total joint replacement is a reliable and safe alternative.
Long-Term Effects of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2–Loaded Calcium Phosphate on Maxillary Sinus Lift Surgery for Delayed and Simultaneous Dental Implantation
Authors: Ding Yuefeng , Wang Xuejuan 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Maxillary sinus lift surgery (MSLS) is considered to be a useful treatment method for patients with atrophic alveolar bone. Choosing a suitable surgical procedure to simultaneously decrease graft absorption and obtain long-term survival of dental implants is still a challenge. In this study, 20 patients received MSLS with graft of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-loaded calcium phosphate. Dental implants were placed simultaneously in 10 patients receiving MSLS (1-stage group), and in 10 patients receiving dental implants with a 3 to 6 months delay (2-stage group). The effects were evaluated based on clinical and radiographic examination during a 4 to 5 years follow-up. The results showed that only 1 perforation of the maxillary sinus mucosa was observed in 1-stage group, and was patched with a collagen membrane. An average bone gain of 6.8 mm was observed, and all implants exhibited no looseness, peri-implantitis, or fracture, all of which were stable during the follow-up and exhibited nice dental function during a 4 to 5 years follow-up. The loss of peri-implant bone height was 1.12 ± 0.47 and 1.10 ± 0.39 mm, the probing depth of periodontal pocket was 1.79 ± 0.62 and 1.81 ± 0.71 mm, the sulcular bleeding index was 1.63 ± 0.47 and 1.72 ± 0.54 in 1-stage group and 2-stage group, respectively, and no significant differences existed between these 2 groups. These findings implied that BMP2-loaded calcium phosphate may be a suitable material for MSLS, especially for patients with minimal bone height. Clinicians can use the 1- or 2-stage technique based on clinical condition, patients’ choice and clinicians’ experience. In patients where implants cannot be stabilized for patients with minimal bone height, 2-stage surgery may be more suitable.
Clinical Evaluation of Standardized Fronto-Orbital Advancement for Correction of Isolated Trigonocephaly
Authors: Safi Ali-Farid , Kreppel Matthias , Grandoch Andrea , Kauke Martin , Nickenig Hans-Joachim , Zöller Joachim 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Corrective surgery of trigonocephaly is a major challenge, owing to the complex development of the craniofacial skull. Although reports on the clinical success of standardized fronto-orbital advancement have been promising, there is a lack of studies, assessing this method. Hence, the aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of a standardized fronto-orbital advancement procedure for correction of isolated nonsyndromic trigonocephaly, in our patient cohort. The retrospective study included 30 patients from 2008 to 2015. Inclusion criteria were treatment-naive children with isolated nonsyndromic trigonocephaly, being treated with standardized frontoorbital advancement in our department. We considered postoperative complications and the Whitaker Score to evaluate the success of the clinical outcome. Surgery was performed at a mean age of 9.3 months. The mean operation time was 153 minutes. All patients were assigned I according to the Whitaker score. One patient suffered from a small inconsequential subdural hematoma. Another patient suffered from dural tears, which were identified and treated intraoperatively. No major complications occurred within our patient cohort. The standardized fronto-orbital advancement is a safe and successful method, as it is associated with a high morphological outcome and low complication rate.
Importance of the Complement Alternative Pathway in Serum Chemotactic Activity During Sepsis
Authors: Xu Ganqiong , Feng Yan , Li Dan , Zhou Qichang , Chao Wei , Zou Lin 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Serum chemotactic activity is important in regulating neutrophil migration. The ability of neutrophils to migrate to infectious site is crucial for host effective pathogen control, but unregulated neutrophil activation can also cause tissue damage. During bacterial sepsis, the complement alternative pathway (AP) is massively activated in blood and tissues and reportedly contributes to sepsis pathogenesis. Complement factor B (FB) is an essential component of the AP activation. However, the impact of FB/AP activation on blood chemotactic activity during bacterial infection is unclear. In this study, we found that sera of septic mice following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) had much higher chemotactic activities on neutrophils than those of sham animals. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, FB−/− mice had significantly attenuated serum chemotactic activity, under both nonseptic and septic conditions. Moreover, sera with the activated AP by zymosan and cobra venom factor (CVF) in vitro induced a significant increase in neutrophil migration compared with sera without the AP activation. Complement activation generates complement cleavage fragment such as Ba, C3a, and C5a. To delineate the contribution of these downstream effectors, we incubated AP-active sera (AP activated by zymosan/CVF) or sera from sham and septic mice with anti-C5a or mAb1379 (anti-Ba) neutralizing antibody. We found that anti-C5a, but not mAb1379, markedly attenuated the neutrophil chemotactic effect of the AP-activated sera and that of septic sera. Taking together, these data suggest that the complement AP activation during bacterial sepsis plays a pivotal role in promoting blood chemotactic activity through a C5a-dependent mechanism.
Role of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Regulating Lung Fluid Balance in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Lung Injury and Infection-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Tao , Yuan Zhicheng , Cao Yufang , Zhou Yongfang , He Junyun , Shen Yongchun , Zeng Ni , Dai Luqi , Wen Fuqiang , Chen Lei 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is implicated in inflammatory responses in acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but its role in pulmonary edema formation remains unclear, especially in infection-related ARDS mainly caused by pneumonia or sepsis. In this study, we investigated the role of RAGE in alveolar fluid regulation by using RAGE gene knockout (RAGE

−/−
) mice in a murine ALI model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and by comparing soluble RAGE (sRAGE) levels in serum and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid between ARDS patients and control subjects. We found that RAGE knockout significantly improved alveolar fluid clearance and reduced pulmonary vascular albumin leakage upon LPS challenge. Furthermore, LPS-induced substantial decrease in lung expression of sodium–potassium ATPase (Na,K-ATPase), epithelial sodium channel, and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) were fully or partially restored by the deletion of RAGE. In addition to this, LPS-induced lung leukocyte infiltration and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release were all attenuated in RAGE

−/−
mice as compared to wide-type mice. In infection-related ARDS patients, both serum and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid levels of the sRAGE were much higher than those in control subjects, and they were positively correlated with pulmonary vascular permeability and levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2. Taken together, we provided the first direct evidence for the essential role of RAGE in regulating lung fluid balance in infection-related ARDS/ALI. The underlying mechanisms may involve the downregulation of both ion-channel and tight junction proteins mediated by RAGE signaling in bacterial endotoxin-induced lung injury.
Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy in trauma
Authors: Schellenberg Morgan , Inaba Kenji , Cheng Vincent , Bardes James M. , Lam Lydia , Benjamin Elizabeth , Matsushima Kazuhide , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND
Traumatic injuries to the distal pancreas are infrequent. Universally accepted recommendations about the need for routine splenectomy with distal pancreatectomy do not exist. The aims of this study were to compare outcomes after distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy versus spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy, and to define the appropriate patient population for splenic preservation.

METHODS
All patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy (January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2014) were identified from the National Trauma Data Bank. Patients with concomitant splenic injury and those who underwent partial splenectomy were excluded. Demographics, clinical data, procedures, and outcomes were collected. Study groups were defined by surgical procedure: distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy versus spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy. Baseline characteristics between groups were compared with univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed with logistic and linear regression to examine differences in outcomes.

RESULTS
Over the 8-year study period, 2,223 patients underwent distal pancreatectomy. After excluding 1,381 patients with concomitant splenic injury (62%) and 8 (<1%) who underwent partial splenectomy, 834 (38%) remained for analysis. Median age was 23 years (range, 0–86 years) and 634 (77%) were male. Mechanism of injury was penetrating in 413 (50%) patients. Of the 834 patients, 469 (56%) underwent splenectomy and 365 (44%) patients did not. Compared with patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, those who underwent spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy were younger (p < 0.001), more likely to have sustained blunt trauma (p < 0.001), and had a lower Injury Severity Score (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, only hospital length of stay (LOS) was significantly shorter among patients undergoing spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (p = 0.017). Complications, mortality, and intensive care unit LOS were not significantly different.

CONCLUSION
In young patients after blunt trauma who are not severely injured, a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy should be considered to allow for conservation of splenic function and a shorter hospital LOS. In all other patients, the surgeon should not hesitate to remove the spleen with the distal pancreas.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapy, level IV.
Development of cyanine probes with dinitrobenzene quencher for rapid fluorogenic protein labelling
Authors: Hori Yuichiro , Hirayama Shinya , Kikuchi Kazuya 
Published: October 2017

A multicolour protein labelling technique using a protein tag and fluorogenic probes is a powerful approach for spatio-temporal analyses of proteins in living cells. Since cyanine fluorophores have attractive properties for multicolour imaging of proteins, there is a huge demand to develop fluorogenic cyanine probes for specific protein labelling in living cells. Herein, we develop fluorogenic cyanine probes for labelling a protein tag by using a dinitrobenzene fluorescence quencher. The probes enhanced fluorescence intensity upon labelling reactions and emitted orange or far-red fluorescence. Intramolecular interactions between the cyanine fluorophores and the dinitrobenzene quencher led not only to fluorescence quenching of the probes in the free state but also to promotion of labelling reactions. Furthermore, the probes successfully imaged cell-surface proteins without a washing process. These findings offer valuable information on the design of fluorogenic cyanine probes and indicate that the probes are useful as novel live-cell imaging tools.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Challenges for chemistry in molecular imaging’.
Biological effects of MRI contrast agents: gadolinium retention, potential mechanisms and a role for phosphorus
Authors: Garcia Joel , Liu Stephen Z. , Louie Angelique Y. 
Published: October 2017

No discussion of challenges for chemistry in molecular imaging would be complete without addressing the elephant in the room—which is that the purest of chemical compounds needs to interact with a biological system in a manner that does not perturb normal biology while still providing efficacious feedback to assist in diagnosis of disease. In the past decade, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents long considered inert have produced adverse effects in certain patient populations under certain treatment regimens. More recently, inert blood pool agents have been found to deposit in the brain. Release of free metal is often suspected as the culprit but that hypothesis has yet to be validated. In addition, even innocuous agents can cause painful side effects during injection in some patients. In this brief review, we summarize known biological effects for gadolinium- and iron-based MRI contrast agents, and discuss some of the potential mechanisms for the observed biological effects, including the potential role of phosphorus imbalance, related to kidney disease or cancer, in destabilizing gadolinium-based chelates and precipitating free gadolinium.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Challenges for chemistry in molecular imaging’.
Genome-Wide Mining, Characterization and Development of miRNA-SSRs inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Chauhan Aditi , Sharma Mansi , Kompelli Sai Kumar , Gahlaut Vijay , Ijaq Johny , Singh Krishna Pal , Prasad Gajula MNV , Suravajhala Prashanth , Singh Balyan Harindra , Gupta Pushpendra Kumar 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSimple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), also known as microsatellites are short tandem repeats of DNA sequences that are 1-6 bp long. In plants, SSRs serve as a source of important class of molecular markers because of their hypervariabile and co-dominant nature, making them useful both for the genetic studies and marker-assisted breeding. The SSRs are widespread throughout the genome of an organism, so that a large number of SSR datasets are available, most of them from either protein-coding regions or untranslated regions. It is only recently, that their occurrence within microRNAs (miRNA) genes has received attention. As is widely known, miRNA themselves are a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with varying length of 19-22 nucleotides (nts), which play an important role in regulating gene expression in plants under different biotic and abiotic stresses. In this communication, we describe the results of a study, where miRNA-SSRs in full length pre-miRNA sequences ofArabidopsis thalianawere mined. The sequences were retrieved by annotations available at EnsemblPlants using BatchPrimer3 server with miRNA-SSR flanking primers found to be well distributed. Our analysis shows that miRNA-SSRs are relatively rare in protein-coding regions but abundant in non-coding region. All the observed 147 di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexanucleotide SSRs were located in non-coding regions of all the 5 chromosomes ofA. thaliana. While we confirm that miRNA-SSRs were commonly spread across the full length pre-miRNAs, we envisage that such studies would allow us to identify newly discovered markers for breeding studies.
T Cell Calcium Dynamics Visualized in a Ratiometric tdTomato-GCaMP6f Transgenic Reporter Mouse
Authors: Dong Tobias X. , Othy Shivashankar , Jairaman Amit , Skupsky Jonathan , Zavala Angel , Parker Ian , Dynes Joseph L. , Cahalan Michael D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCalcium is an essential cellular messenger that regulates numerous functions in living organisms. Here we describe development and characterization of “Salsa6f”, a fusion of GCaMP6f and tdTomato optimized for cell tracking while monitoring cytosolic Ca2+, and a transgenic Ca2+reporter mouse with Salsa6f floxed and targeted to the Rosa26 locus for expression in specific cell types. Using CD4-Cre-Salsa6f mice, we report normal development and function of T cells expressing Salsa6f and demonstrate Ca2+signaling dynamics during T cell receptor engagement in naïve T cells, helper Th17 T cells and regulatory T cells. Salsa6f expression also revealed functional expression of mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels in T cells. Transgenic expression of Salsa6f enables ratiometric imaging of Ca2+signals in complex tissue environments found in vivo. Deep tissue two-photon imaging of T cells in the steady-state lymph node revealed a highly localized Ca2+signaling behavior (“sparkles”) as cells migrate.