bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical algorithms to estimate water column pH in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Williams N. L. , Juranek L. W. , Johnson K. S. , Feely R. A. , Riser S. C. , Talley L. D. , Russell J. L. , Sarmiento J. L. , Wanninkhof R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEmpirical algorithms are developed using high‐quality GO‐SHIP hydrographic measurements of commonly measured parameters (temperature, salinity, pressure, nitrate, and oxygen) that estimate pH in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. The coefficients of determination, R2, are 0.98 for pH from nitrate (pHN) and 0.97 for pH from oxygen (pHOx) with RMS errors of 0.010 and 0.008, respectively. These algorithms are applied to Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) biogeochemical profiling floats, which include novel sensors (pH, nitrate, oxygen, fluorescence, and backscatter). These algorithms are used to estimate pH on floats with no pH sensors and to validate and adjust pH sensor data from floats with pH sensors. The adjusted float data provide, for the first time, seasonal cycles in surface pH on weekly resolution that range from 0.05 to 0.08 on weekly resolution for the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean.
Elbow‐ and hinge‐bending motions of IgG: Dielectric response and dynamic feature
Authors: Hayashi Yoshihito , Yagihara Shin 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTImmunoglobulin G (IgG) is a Y‐shaped globular protein consisting of two Fab segments connecting to an Fc segment with a flexible hinge region, in which the Fab segments show secondary flexibility at an “elbow” region. In the present work, the hinge‐bending and elbow‐bending motions of aqueous solutions of IgG by microwave dielectric measurements below the freezing point of bulk water was observed. The presence of unfreezable water around the macromolecules reduced the effects of steric hindrance normally generated by ice and enabled the intramolecular motions of IgG. At the same time, the overall IgG molecule rotation was restricted by ice. Papain digestion and reduction of the disulfide linkage at the hinge region was used to generate Fab and Fc fragments. In solutions of these fragments, the dielectric relaxation process of the hinge‐bending motion was absent, although the elbow‐bending motion remained. Three relaxation processes were observed for papain‐digested IgG. The high, middle, and low frequency processes were attributed to unfrozen water, local peptide motions cooperating with bound water, and the elbow‐bending motion, respectively. In the case of the intact IgG, an additional relaxation process due to the hinge‐bending motion was observed at frequencies lower than that of the elbow‐bending motion. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 626–632, 2016.
Genetic testing for Lynch syndrome in the province of Ontario
Authors: Wang Marina , Aldubayan Saud , Connor Ashton A. , Wong Beatrix , Mcnamara Kate , Khan Tahsin , Semotiuk Kara , Khalouei Sam , Holter Spring , Aronson Melyssa , Cohen Zane , Gallinger Steve , Charames George , Pollett Aaron , Lerner‐Ellis Jordan 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDIn November 2001, genetic testing for Lynch syndrome (LS) was introduced by the Ministry of Health and Long‐Term Care (MOH) in Ontario for individuals at high risk for LS cancers according to either tumor immunohistochemistry staining or their family history. This article describes the outcomes of the program and makes recommendations for improving it and informing other public health care programs.METHODSSubjects were referred for molecular testing of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes MutL homolog 1, MutS homolog 2, and MutS homolog 6 if they met 1 of 7 MOH criteria. Testing was conducted from January 2001 to March 2015 at the Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto.RESULTSA total of 1452 subjects were tested. Of the 662 subjects referred for testing because their tumor was immunodeficient for 1 or more of the MMR genes, 251 (37.9%) carried a germline mutation. In addition, 597 subjects were tested for a known family mutation, and 298 (49.9%) were positive; 189 of these 298 subjects (63.4%) were affected with cancer at the time of testing. An additional 193 subjects were referred because of a family history of LS, and 34 of these (17.6%) had a mutation identified.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that the provincial criteria are useful in identifying LS carriers after an MMR‐deficient tumor is identified. Placing greater emphasis on testing unaffected relatives in families with a known mutation may identify more unaffected carriers and facilitate primary prevention in those individuals. Cancer 2016;122:1672‐9. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Relevance in cyber‐physical systems with humans in the loop
Authors: Gopalakrishna Aravind Kota , Ozcelebi Tanir , Lukkien Johan J. , Liotta Antonio 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIn cyber‐physical systems such as intelligent lighting, the system responds autonomously to observed changes in the environment. In such systems, more than one output may be acceptable for a given input scenario. This type of relationship between the input and output makes it difficult to analyze machine learning algorithms using commonly used performance metrics such as classification accuracy (CA). CA only measures whether a predicted output is right or not, whereas it is more important to determine whether the predicted output is relevant for the given context or not. In this direction, we introduce a new metric, the relevance score (RS) that is effective for the class of applications where user perception leads to non‐deterministic input–output relationships. RS determines the extent by which a predicted output is relevant to the user's context and behaviors, taking into account the variability and bias that come with human perception factors. We assess the performance of a number of machine learning algorithms, using different datasets, including data from an intelligent lighting pilot. We find that using RS instead of CA is appropriate to analyze the performance of conventional machine learning algorithms, particularly for the class of non‐deterministic multiple‐output problems. Our method may be applied to other scenarios in which cyber‐physical systems involve humans in the control loop. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD19 negative precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL)—Immunophenotypic challenges in diagnosis and monitoring: A study of three cases
Authors: Ghodke Kiran , Bibi Asma , Rabade Nikhil , Patkar Nikhil , Subramanian P. G. , Kadam Pratibha Aamre , Badrinath Y. , Ghogale Sitaram , Gujral Sumeet , Tembhare Prashant 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundCD19 is a B‐cell specific marker, expressed on all stages of B‐lymphocytes including plasma cells. It is widely used in the flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) of B‐cell and plasma cell malignancies. The analysis approach of FCI for the diagnosis and monitoring of B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is totally based on the CD19‐based primary gating strategy and it would be challenging to study B‐ALL without CD19 expression. Since CD19 negative B‐ALL are extremely rare, we report three cases of B‐ALL with negative expression of CD19 and discussed its implication in the diagnosis, residual disease monitoring and future targeted therapy.MethodsPeripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from three cases suspicious of acute leukemia were studied for morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping and cytogenetics. FCI was performed using a comprehensive six to eight‐color multiparametric assay. The cytogenetic studies for standard recurrent genetic translocations were performed by FISH & Karyotyping.ResultsThe three cases studied were diagnosed as B‐ALL based on the expression of CD10, CD20, CD22, CD34, and CD79a by leukemic blasts. CD19 was studied using two different clones (i.e. J3‐119 & HIB‐19) and found to be severely down regulated in all three cases. There were no significant differentiating features in morphology. Cytogenetic studies were negative for recurrent translocations.ConclusionWe report three cases of extremely rare CD19 negative B‐ALL. Lack of awareness of negative CD19 expression in B‐ALL can leads to incorrect immunophenotypic diagnosis and monitoring of B‐ALL, especially in laboratories using limited markers. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Correctness and concurrent complexity of the Black-White Bakery Algorithm
Authors: Hesselink Wim H. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Lamport’s Bakery Algorithm (Commun ACM 17:453–455,
1974
) implements mutual exclusion for a fixed number of threads with the first-come first-served property. It has the disadvantage, however, that it uses integer communication variables that can become arbitrarily large. Taubenfeld’s Black-White Bakery Algorithm (Proceedings of the DISC. LNCS, vol 3274, pp 56–70,
2004
) keeps the integers bounded, and is adaptive in the sense that the time complexity only depends on the number of competing threads, say
N
. The present paper offers an assertional proof of correctness and shows that the concurrent complexity for throughput is linear in
N
, and for individual progress is quadratic in
N
. This is proved with a bounded version of UNITY, i.e., by assertional means.
Synthesis and Surface Activities of Novel Succinic Acid Double‐Tailed Sulfonate Fluorinated Surfactants
Authors: Zhang Luqing , Geng Bing , Lu Quanxuan , Xu Anhou , Zhang Shuxiang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this study, four environmentally friendly succinic acid double‐tailed sulfonate fluorinated surfactants were synthesized from maleic anhydride, fluoroalkyl alcohols, namely 1‐(1H,1H,7H‐Dodecafluoroheptyloxy) ethanol, 1‐(1H,1H,5H ‐octafluoropentyloxy) ethanol, 1‐(1H,1H,3H‐tetrafluoropropoxy) ethanol, and 1‐(1H,1H ‐trifluoroethyoxy) ethanol, and sodium hydrogensulfite. The surfactant structure was characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and 19F NMR. Thermogravimetric results showed that the fluorinated surfactants were stable up to relatively high temperature. The Krafft points of the four novel succinic acid double‐tailed sulfonate fluorinated surfactants were all below 0 °C. The lowest CMC value for the synthesized four double‐tailed fluorine surfactants is about 0.076 mmol L−1, far less than that of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), demonstrating that double‐tailed surfactants have higher surface activity than surfactants with one fluoroalkyl chain. The replacement of alkyl groups with oxyethylene groups enhances the hydrophilicity of the obtained fluorinated surfactants. Based on these findings, the synthesized surfactants may be environmentally friendly alternatives to PFOA and exhibit promising potential in industry applications.
Estimation of the Intestinal Absorption and Metabolism Behaviors of 2‐ and 3‐Monochloropropanediol Esters
Authors: Kaze Naoki , Watanabe Yomi , Sato Hirofumi , Murota Kaeko , Kotaniguchi Miyako , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Inui Hiroshi , Kitamura Shinichi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe regioisomers of the di‐ and mono‐oleate of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) have been synthesized and subsequently hydrolyzed with pancreatic lipase and pancreatin to estimate the intestinal digestion and absorption of these compounds after their intake. The hydrolysates were analyzed by HPLC using a corona charged aerosol detection system, which allowed for the separation and detection of the different regioisomers of the MCPD esters. The hydrolysates were also analyzed by GC–MS to monitor the free MCPD. The results indicated that the two acyl groups of 2‐MCPD‐1,3‐dioleate were smoothly hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase and pancreatin to give free 2‐MCPD. In contrast, the hydrolysis of 3‐MCPD‐1,2‐dioleate proceeded predominantly at the primary position to produce 3‐MCPD‐2‐oleate. 2‐MCPD‐1‐oleate and 3‐MCPD‐1‐oleate were further hydrolyzed to free 2‐ and 3‐MCPD by pancreatic lipase and pancreatin, although the hydrolysis of 3‐MCPD‐2‐oleate was 80 % slower than that of 3‐MCPD‐1‐oleate. The intestinal absorption characteristics of these compounds were evaluated in vitro using a Caco‐2 cell monolayer. The results revealed that the MCPD monooleates, but not the MCPD dioleates, were hydrolyzed to produce the free MCPD in the presence of the Caco‐2 cells. The resulting free MCPD permeated the Caco‐2 monolayer most likely via a diffusion mechanism because their permeation profiles were independent of the dose. Similar permeation profiles were obtained for 2‐ and 3‐MCPDs.
International note: Maternal warmth, behavioral control, and psychological control: Relations to adjustment of Ghanaian early adolescents
Authors: Salaam Braima , Mounts Nina S. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThis investigation addressed the relation between maternal warmth, behavioral control, psychological control, and psychological adjustment in a sample of 119 Ghanaian adolescents (42% boys) living in an urban area (mean age = 14.19). Adolescents in the sample reported clinically elevated levels of depression and anxiety. Significant associations were found between warmth, behavioral control, and psychological control and adolescents' anxiety, physical aggression, relational aggression, positive friendship quality, and conflict with friends. Warmth moderated the effect of behavioral control on anxiety, physical aggression, and relational aggression such that higher levels of warmth in combination with higher levels of behavioral control were related to more positive adjustment. Higher levels of warmth in conjunction with higher psychological control were related to higher levels of anxiety. Boys who reported lower levels of warmth in combination with higher behavioral control reported higher levels of physical aggression. For boys reporting higher levels of warmth, higher behavioral control was associated with lower physical aggression.
THE STRENGTH OF ABSTRACTION WITH PREDICATIVE COMPREHENSION
Authors: WALSH SEAN 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFrege’s theorem says that second-order Peano arithmetic is interpretable in Hume’s Principle and full impredicative comprehension. Hume’s Principle is one example of anabstraction principle, while another paradigmatic example is Basic Law V from Frege’sGrundgesetze. In this paper we study the strength of abstraction principles in the presence of predicative restrictions on the comprehension schema, and in particular we study a predicative Fregean theory which contains all the abstraction principles whose underlying equivalence relations can be proven to be equivalence relations in a weak background second-order logic. We show that this predicative Fregean theory interprets second-order Peano arithmetic (cf. Theorem 3.2).
CONSTRUCTIVE GEOMETRY AND THE PARALLEL POSTULATE
Authors: BEESON MICHAEL 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEuclidean geometry, as presented by Euclid, consists of straightedge-and-compass constructions and rigorous reasoning about the results of those constructions. We show that Euclidean geometry can be developed using only intuitionistic logic. This involves finding “uniform” constructions where normally a case distinction is used. For example, in finding a perpendicular to line L through point p, one usually uses two different constructions, “erecting” a perpendicular when p is on L, and “dropping” a perpendicular when p is not on L, but in constructive geometry, it must be done without a case distinction. Classically, the models of Euclidean (straightedge-and-compass) geometry are planes over Euclidean fields. We prove a similar theorem for constructive Euclidean geometry, by showing how to define addition and multiplication without a case distinction about the sign of the arguments. With intuitionistic logic, there are two possible definitions of Euclidean fields, which turn out to correspond to different versions of the parallel postulate.We consider three versions of Euclid’s parallel postulate. The two most important are Euclid’s own formulation in his Postulate 5, which says that under certain conditions two lines meet, and Playfair’s axiom (dating from 1795), which says there cannot be two distinct parallels to line L through the same point p. These differ in that Euclid 5 makes an existence assertion, while Playfair’s axiom does not. The third variant, which we call the strong parallel postulate, isolates the existence assertion from the geometry: it amounts to Playfair’s axiom plus the principle that two distinct lines that are not parallel do intersect. The first main result of this paper is that Euclid 5 suffices to define coordinates, addition, multiplication, and square roots geometrically.We completely settle the questions about implications between the three versions of the parallel postulate. The strong parallel postulate easily implies Euclid 5, and Euclid 5 also implies the strong parallel postulate, as a corollary of coordinatization and definability of arithmetic. We show that Playfair does not imply Euclid 5, and we also give some other independence results. Our independence proofs are given without discussing the exact choice of the other axioms of geometry; all we need is that one can interpret the geometric axioms in Euclidean field theory. The independence proofs use Kripke models of Euclidean field theories based on carefully constructed rings of real-valued functions. “Field elements” in these models are real-valued functions.
Guideline-Concordant Versus Discordant Antimicrobial Therapy in Patients With Community-Onset Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections
Authors: Huang Lori L. , Van Schooneveld Trevor C. , Huang Robert D. , Olsen Keith M. , Rupp Mark E. , Gross Alan E. 
Published: March 2016

Overall IDSA/SIS intra-abdominal infection guideline compliance was not associated with improved outcomes; however, there was a longer time to active therapy (P=.024) and higher mortality (P=.077) if empiric therapy was too narrow per guidelines. These findings support the need for the implementation of customized institutional guidelines adapted from the IDSA/SIS guidelines.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;37:855–858
Borings in early Eocene turtle shell from the Wasatch Formation, South Pass, Wyoming
Authors: Zonneveld John-Paul , Bartels William S. , Gunnell Gregg F. , McHugh Luke P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBorings in fossil turtle shells collected from the lowermost beds of the early Eocene Cathedral Bluffs Tongue of the Wasatch Formation in the northwestern part of the Green River Basin near South Pass, Wyoming, are herein described. Individual turtle shells in the study area are characterized by as few as one or two and as many as >100 borings. The borings include both non-penetrative forms (those which do not pass fully though the shell) as well as penetrative forms (those which pass fully from the exterior to the interior surface of the shell). All non-penetrative forms occur on external surfaces of the carapace and plastron (i.e. those that would have been accessible while the host taxon was alive). Two new ichnogenera and four new ichnospecies are established to describe these borings.Karethraichnus(new ichnogenus) includes three ichnospecies:K.lakkos(new ichnospecies),K.kulindros(new ichnospecies), andK.fiale(new ichnospecies).Karethraichnus lakkosare shallow (non-penetrating), hemispherical pits with rounded, to flattened bases.Karethraichnus kulindrosare deep, non-penetrative traces with a cylindrical profile, an axis approximately perpendicular to the substrate surface and with rounded to flattened, hemispherical termini.Karethraichnus fialeare penetrative traces with a cylindrical to bi-convex or flask-shaped profile, and an axis approximately perpendicular to the substrate surface.Thatchtelithichnus(new ichnogenus)Thatchtelithichnus holmani(new ichnospecies) consist of non-penetrative borings into a bone substrate. They consist of a ring-shaped trace, with a central pedestal or platform. The position of the borings on the shells, and evidence of syn-emplacement healing of the borings in several of the turtles, indicates that these borings were emplacement by ectoparasites/mesoparasites while the animals were living. Similar traces in modern emydid turtles are attributed to ticks, leeches, or spirorchid liver flukes.
Nonstandard regular variation of in-degree and out-degree in the preferential attachment model
Authors: Samorodnitsky Gennady , Resnick Sidney , Towsley Don , Davis Richard , Willis Amy , Wan Phyllis 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
For the directed edge preferential attachment network growth model studied by Bollobás et al. (2003) and Krapivsky and Redner (2001), we prove that the joint distribution of in-degree and out-degree has jointly regularly varying tails. Typically, the marginal tails of the in-degree distribution and the out-degree distribution have different regular variation indices and so the joint regular variation is nonstandard. Only marginal regular variation has been previously established for this distribution in the cases where the marginal tail indices are different.
On expected durations of birth–death processes, with applications to branching processes and SIS epidemics
Authors: Ball Frank , Britton Tom , Neal Peter 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We study continuous-time birth–death type processes, where individuals have independent and identically distributed lifetimes, according to a random variable Q, with E[Q] = 1, and where the birth rate if the population is currently in state (has size) n is α(n). We focus on two important examples, namely α(n) = λ n being a branching process, and α(n) = λn(N - n) / N which corresponds to an SIS (susceptible → infective → susceptible) epidemic model in a homogeneously mixing community of fixed size N. The processes are assumed to start with a single individual, i.e. in state 1. Let T, An, C, and S denote the (random) time to extinction, the total time spent in state n, the total number of individuals ever alive, and the sum of the lifetimes of all individuals in the birth–death process, respectively. We give expressions for the expectation of all these quantities and show that these expectations are insensitive to the distribution of Q. We also derive an asymptotic expression for the expected time to extinction of the SIS epidemic, but now starting at the endemic state, which is not independent of the distribution of Q. The results are also applied to the household SIS epidemic, showing that, in contrast to the household SIR (susceptible → infective → recovered) epidemic, its threshold parameter R* is insensitive to the distribution of Q.
On explicit form of the stationary distributions for a class of bounded Markov chains
Authors: McKinlay S. , Borovkov K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe consider a class of discrete-time Markov chains with state space [0, 1] and the following dynamics. At each time step, first the direction of the next transition is chosen at random with probability depending on the current location. Then the length of the jump is chosen independently as a random proportion of the distance to the respective end point of the unit interval, the distributions of the proportions being fixed for each of the two directions. Chains of that kind were the subjects of a number of studies and are of interest for some applications. Under simple broad conditions, we establish the ergodicity of such Markov chains and then derive closed-form expressions for the stationary densities of the chains when the proportions are beta distributed with the first parameter equal to 1. Examples demonstrating the range of stationary distributions for processes described by this model are given, and an application to a robot coverage algorithm is discussed.
A note on integral representations of the Skorokhod map
Authors: Buckingham Patrick , Fralix Brian , Kella Offer 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We present a very short derivation of the integral representation of the two-sided Skorokhod reflection Z of a continuous function X of bounded variation, which is a generalization of the integral representation of the one-sided map featured in Anantharam and Konstantopoulos (2011) and Konstantopoulos et al. (1996). We also show that Z satisfies a simpler integral representation when additional conditions are imposed on X.