bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relating Wiener’s cybernetics aspects and a situation awareness model implementation for information security risk management
Authors: Anjaria Kushal , Mishra Arun 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Situation awareness theory is a primary mean to take decisions and actions in a dynamically changing environment. Nowadays, to implement situation awareness, theories and models in organizational scenarios have become an important research challenge. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the situation awareness theory and cybernetics. Further, the aim is to use this relationship to check the feasibility of situation awareness-based information security risk management (ISRM) implementation in the organizational scenario.

Design/methodology/approach
To investigate the relationship between situation awareness theory and cybernetics, Endsley’s situation awareness theory and Norbert Wiener’s cybernetics concepts and philosophy have been used in the present work. For a detailed study, concepts, techniques and philosophy of the cybernetics have been extracted from the thesis of Norbert Wiener titled “The human use of human beings” and “Cybernetics or control and communication in the animal and the machine”.

Findings
The present paper demonstrates that relationship can be successfully established between cybernetics and situation awareness theory. Further, this relationship can be used to solve organizational implementation issues related to situation awareness based systems. To demonstrate relationship and solutions of implementation issues, two case studies related to ISRM are also incorporated in the present case study.

Originality/value
The present work bridges two parallel and prominent theories of situation awareness and cybernetics. It also demonstrates that combination of both the theories can be used to feasibly implement situation awareness based systems in organizations.
Credibility of online reviews and its impact on brand image
Authors: Chakraborty Uttam , Bhat Savita 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Brand image is considered as a signaling phenomenon because high brand image ensures quality product that can reduce consumer’s uncertainty. A strong brand image induces consumers to pay higher prices, which in turn provides competitive advantage and market success to a company. Online reviews, blogs and texts on brand usage experiences are more effective than oral communication to build a strong brand image. Online reviews on products create distinct places for brands in the consumer’s mind, and thus ultimately affect images of the brands. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of online reviews on functional and hedonic brand images in the context of consumer electronic products in India.

Design/methodology/approach
The present study adopts a novel approach to collect data. The data have been collected from select e-commerce sites’ brand pages on Facebook through Google form application. A number of respondents are 1,038. Structural equation modeling technique has been used to examine the effects of online reviews on functional and hedonic brand images.

Findings
The data analysis reveals that source and review quality have more significant effect on credibility evaluation of online reviews as compared to the effects of review consistency and receiver. Moreover, credible online reviews have more impact on hedonic brand image rather than functional brand image in the context of consumer electronics product in India.

Originality/value
The present study combines Yale attitude change model and attribution theory to examine the effects of online reviews on brand image.
Chemical Constituents of Sweetpotato Genotypes in Relation to Textural Characteristics of Processed French Fries
Authors: Sato Ai , Truong Van‐Den , Johanningsmeier Suzanne D. , Reynolds Rong , Pecota Kenneth V. , Yencho G. Craig 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSweetpotato French fries (SPFF) are growing in popularity, however limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to chemical composition. This study investigated the relationship between chemical components of different sweetpotato varieties and textural characteristics of SPFF. Sixteen sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated for (1) chemical constituents; (2) instrumental and sensory textural properties of SPFF; and (3) the relationship between chemical components, instrumental measurements, and sensory attributes. Dry matter (DM), alcohol‐insoluble solids (AIS), starch, sugar, and oil content, and also α‐ and β‐amylase activities were quantified in raw sweetpotatoes and SPFF. Peak force and overall hardness describing instrumental textural properties of SPFF were measured using a texture analyzer. Descriptive sensory analysis was conducted and 10 attributes were evaluated by a trained panel. Results showed that DM, AIS, and starch content in raw sweetpotatoes were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = 0.41 to 0.68), and with sensory surface roughness, hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.63 to 0.90). Total sugar content in raw sweetpotatoes was positively correlated with sensory smoothness and moistness (r = 0.77), and negatively correlated with instrumental peak force and overall hardness (r = –0.62 to –0.69). Instrumental measurements were positively correlated with sensory attributes of hardness, fracturability, and crispness (r = 0.68 to 0.96) and negatively correlated with oiliness, smoothness, moistness, and cohesiveness (r = –0.61 to –0.91). Therefore, DM, AIS, starch, and total sugar contents and instrumental measurements could be used as indicators to evaluate sweetpotato genotypes for SPFF processing.Practical ApplicationIn recent years, sweetpotato French fries (SPFF) have grown in popularity, but limited information is available on SPFF textural properties in relation to the differences in chemical constituents among sweetpotato varieties. This study demonstrated that sensory texture attributes of SPFF varied widely and were significantly correlated with chemical components such as dry matter, starch, and total sugar contents of raw sweetpotatoes and instrumental texture measurements of SPFF. The knowledge generated from this study will benefit the food industry and breeding programs with the selection of sweetpotato varieties for improved SPFF quality.
In Vivo Therapeutic Effect of Vaccinium Meridionale Swartz in Ischemia‐Reperfusion Induced Male Albino Rats
Authors: Shen Mingge , Li Ketian , Jing Hongying , Zheng Linyi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study was aimed to investigate the cardioprotective and antioxidant effect of Vaccinium meridionale Swartz in ischemia‐induced male albino Wistar strain rats. Rats were grouped into 5 of 6 numbers each. Group I served as a sham, group II served as control and group III, IV, and V served for 1, 10, and 25 mg/kg/d of an extract of Vaccinium meridionale Swartz for 15 consecutive days of treatment. Serum marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and myeloperoxidase were increased, whereas antioxidant enzymes were reduced in control due to injury. Increased phenol and anthocyanin contents and increased free radical scavenging activity was noted following treatment. Serum marker enzymes, necrosis, and lipid peroxidation, were reduced, whereas antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione were increased. Nitric oxide synthase and Akt expression were also increased following treatment. Taking all these data together, it is suggested that Vaccinium meridionale Swartz may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of ischemic injury.
Effect of Dairy Cow Crossbreeding on Selected Performance Traits and Quality of Milk in First Generation Crossbreds
Authors: Puppel Kamila , Bogusz Ewa , Gołębiewski Marcin , Nałęcz‐Tarwacka Teresa , Kuczyńska Beata , Slósarz Jan , Budziński Arkadiusz , Solarczyk Paweł , Kunowska‐Slósarz Małgorzata , Przysucha Tomasz 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe main goal of crossbreeding Holstein–Friesian (HF) cows with bulls of other dairy or combined breeds is to improve their performance traits. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to compare the dairy performance traits of first generation crossbreds produced by crossbreeding Polish HF cows with bulls of other breeds (Norman, Norwegian Red, Danish Red, Brown Swiss, Montbeliarde, and Simmental). This was done by analyzing the fatty acid profile and technological quality of the milk from these first generation crossbreds. The investigation showed that crossbreeding greatly influenced the performance parameters and technological quality of the milk of the first generation crossbreds obtained from crossbreeding Polish HF cows with bulls of other dairy or combined breeds. The crossbreed cows characterized by the highest both quantity and quality of milk. Also, the best parameters of milk fat dispersion (that is, the highest values of these parameters) that are useful in the production of hard ripening cheeses and butter were found in the milk of crossbreed cows. Health beneficially, saturated fatty acids level in milk of crossbreeds was by 25.96% lower in crossbreds milk when compared to purebred cows. The most beneficial content of whey proteins was found in the milk of Polish HF and Norwegian Red crosses, where it was 19.04% higher than in pure breed Holsteins. F1 cows tend to express better functional traits than Holstein (PHF) cows. Effect of heterosis was larger and gave better results when there was a greater genetic distance between the animals used for crossbreeding.Practical ApplicationThe effects of heterosis are opposite to the effects of inbreeding depression, and it extends the lifespan and use of animals as well as improves their fertility and health. The main goal of crossbreeding Holstein–Friesian cows with bulls of other dairy or combined breeds is to improve their performance traits. F1 cows tend to express better functional traits than Holstein (PHF) cows. Effect of heterosis was larger and gave better results when there was a greater genetic distance between the animals used for crossbreeding.
Accounting Comparability, Audit Effort, and Audit Outcomes
Authors: Zhang Joseph H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAccounting comparability among peer firms in the same industry reflects the similarity and the relatedness of firms’ operating environments and financial reporting. From the perspectives of “inherent audit risk” and “external information efficiency,” comparability is helpful for auditors in assessing client audit risk and lowers the costs of information acquisition, processing, and testing. I posit that the availability of information about comparable clients helps improve audit efficiency and accuracy. Empirical results show that comparability is negatively related to audit effort (surrogated by audit fees and audit delay). Moreover, comparability is negatively associated with the likelihood of audit opinion errors. These findings are robust to different specifications of regression models, particularly for the “endogeneity” issues due to the possible reverse causality that auditor style might influence client firms’ comparability. In sum, the study shows that accounting comparability enhances the utility of accounting information for external audits.
Shared additive genetic variation for alcohol dependence among subjects of African and European ancestry
Authors: Brick Leslie A. , Keller Matthew C. , Knopik Valerie S. , McGeary John E. , Palmer Rohan H.C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlcohol dependence (AD) affects individuals from all racial/ethnic groups, and previous research suggests that there is considerable variation in AD risk between and among various ancestrally defined groups in the United States. Although the reasons for these differences are likely due in part to contributions of complex sociocultural factors, limited research has attempted to examine whether similar genetic variation plays a role across ancestral groups. Using a pooled sample of individuals of African and European ancestry (AA/EA) obtained through data shared within the Database for Genotypes and Phenotypes, we estimated the extent to which additive genetic similarity for AD between AA and EAs using common single nucleotide polymorphisms overlapped across the two populations. AD was represented as a factor score by using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual dependence criteria, and genetic data were imputed by using the 1000 Genomes Reference Panel. Analyses revealed a significant single nucleotide polymorphism‐based heritability of 17 percent (SE = 5) in EAs and 24 percent (SE = 15) in AAs. Further, a significant genetic correlation of 0.77 (SE = 0.46) suggests that the allelic architecture influencing the AD factor for EAs and AAs is largely similar across the two populations. Analyses indicated that investigating the genetic underpinnings of alcohol dependence in different ethnic groups may serve to highlight core etiological factors common to both groups and unique etiological factors specific to each ethnic group.
Evaluating clinical stop‐smoking services globally: towards a minimum data set
Authors: Skinner Andrew L. , West Robert , Raw Martin , Anderson Emma , Munafò Marcus R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground and aimsBehavioural and pharmacological support for smoking cessation improves the chances of success and represents a highly cost‐effective way of preventing chronic disease and premature death. There is a large number of clinical stop‐smoking services throughout the world. These could be connected into a global network to provide data to assess what treatment components are most effective, for what populations and in what settings. To enable this, a minimum data set (MDS) is required to standardize the data captured from smoking cessation services globally.MethodsWe describe some of the key steps involved in developing a global MDS for smoking cessation services and methodologies to be considered for their implementation, including approaches for reaching consensus on data items to include in a MDS and for its robust validation. We use informal approximations of these methods to produce an example global MDS for smoking cessation. Our aim with this is to stimulate further discussion around the development of a global MDS for smoking cessation services.ResultsOur example MDS comprises three sections. The first is a set of data items characterizing treatments offered by a service. The second is a small core set of data items describing clients’ characteristics, engagement with the service and outcomes. The third is an extended set of client data items to be captured in addition to the core data items wherever resources permit.ConclusionsThere would be benefit in establishing a minimum data set (MDS) to standardize data captured for smoking cessation services globally. Once implemented, a formal MDS could provide a basis for meaningful evaluations of different smoking cessation treatments in different populations in a variety of settings across many countries.
Validation of automated screening for referable diabetic retinopathy with the IDx‐DR device in the Hoorn Diabetes Care System
Authors: van der Heijden Amber A , Abramoff Michael D , Verbraak Frank , van Hecke Manon V , Liem Albert , Nijpels Giel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo increase the efficiency of retinal image grading, algorithms for automated grading have been developed, such as the IDx‐DR 2.0 device. We aimed to determine the ability of this device, incorporated in clinical work flow, to detect retinopathy in persons with type 2 diabetes.MethodsRetinal images of persons treated by the Hoorn Diabetes Care System (DCS) were graded by the IDx‐DR device and independently by three retinal specialists using the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy severity scale (ICDR) and EURODIAB criteria. Agreement between specialists was calculated. Results of the IDx‐DR device and experts were compared using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), distinguishing between referable diabetic retinopathy (RDR) and vision‐threatening retinopathy (VTDR). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated.ResultsOf the included 1415 persons, 898 (63.5%) had images of sufficient quality according to the experts and the IDx‐DR device. Referable diabetic retinopathy (RDR) was diagnosed in 22 persons (2.4%) using EURODIAB and 73 persons (8.1%) using ICDR classification. Specific intergrader agreement ranged from 40% to 61%. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of IDx‐DR to detect RDR were 91% (95% CI: 0.69–0.98), 84% (95% CI: 0.81–0.86), 12% (95% CI: 0.08–0.18) and 100% (95% CI: 0.99–1.00; EURODIAB) and 68% (95% CI: 0.56–0.79), 86% (95% CI: 0.84–0.88), 30% (95% CI: 0.24–0.38) and 97% (95% CI: 0.95–0.98; ICDR). The AUC was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.88–1.00; EURODIAB) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.83–0.92; ICDR). For detection of VTDR, sensitivity was lower and specificity was higher compared to RDR. AUC's were comparable.ConclusionAutomated grading using the IDx‐DR device for RDR detection is a valid method and can be used in primary care, decreasing the demand on ophthalmologists.
Demonstration of an anti‐hyperalgesic effect of a novel pan‐Trk inhibitor PF‐06273340 in a battery of human evoked pain models
Authors: Loudon Peter , Siebenga Pieter , Gorman Donal , Gore Katrina , Dua Pinky , van Amerongen Guido , Hay Justin L. , Groeneveld Geert Jan , Butt Richard P. 
Published: November 2017

AimInhibitors of nerve growth factor (NGF) reduce pain in several chronic pain indications. NGF signals through tyrosine kinase receptors of the tropomyosin‐related kinase (Trk) family and the unrelated p75 receptor. PF‐06273340 is a small molecule inhibitor of Trks A, B and C that reduces pain in nonclinical models, and the present study aimed to investigate the pharmacodynamics of this first‐in‐class molecule in humans.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, single‐dose, placebo‐ and active‐controlled five‐period crossover study was conducted in healthy human subjects (NCT02260947). Subjects received five treatments: PF‐06273340 50 mg, PF‐06273340 400 mg, pregabalin 300 mg, ibuprofen 600 mg and placebo. The five primary endpoints were the pain detection threshold for the thermal pain tests and the pain tolerance threshold for the cold pressor, electrical stair and pressure pain tests. The trial had predefined decision rules based on 95% confidence that the PF‐06273340 effect was better than that of placebo.ResultsTwenty subjects entered the study, with 18 completing all five periods. The high dose of PF‐06273340 met the decision rules on the ultraviolet (UV) B skin thermal pain endpoint [least squares (LS) mean vs. placebo: 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.64–1.61], but not on the other four primary endpoints. The low dose did not meet the decision criteria for any of the five primary endpoints. Pregabalin (cold pressor and electrical stair tests) and ibuprofen (UVB thermal pain) showed significant analgesic effects on expected endpoints.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated, for the first time, the translation of nonclinical effects into man in an inflammatory pain analgesic pharmacodynamic endpoint using a pan‐Trk inhibitor.
Interventions to promote healthy eating choices when dining out: A systematic review of reviews
Authors: Wright Breanna , Bragge Peter 
Published: November 2017

PurposeTo synthesize review research pertaining to the effectiveness of interventions in dining‐out settings to reduce food/calorie consumption.MethodsA rapid review methodology was employed to focus on synthesized research. A comprehensive search for peer‐reviewed systematic reviews from 2010 to 2015 yielded 1,847 citations. Following screening, ten systematic reviews were included.ResultsThe 10 included systematic reviews identified 183 primary studies evaluating evidence in three behavioural intervention areas: social models/norms, manipulation of size, and provision of health information. Three systematic reviews evaluating the use of social models/norms found this was an effective intervention for influencing food intake. Five systematic reviews that assessed manipulation of portion/dishware/cutlery size found a small‐to‐moderate effect on food consumption. Three systematic reviews looked at the provision of health information, which was not effective alone; however, in combination with contextual or interpretive material such as traffic lights or exercise equivalence, this was shown to reduce calorie consumption. One systematic review covered two topic areas.ConclusionsThe results indicate that policies or interventions that aim to improve healthy choices or consumption when dining out would benefit from harnessing social norms and positive positioning of social identity. Furthermore, provision of health information should always be accompanied by an interpretative guide, such as traffic lights. Manipulation of plate/portion/cutlery size may be effective; however, the effect size is small and further research is required to investigate whether this effect is retained in overweight or obese populations.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Eating behaviours (food choices, consumption) have played a role in the obesity epidemic.

Behavioural ‘nudges’ have tried to increase healthier eating choices.

What does this study add?

Social norms and modelling have a strong influence in both directions on how much people consume.

Provision of nutritional information needs to be paired with interpretative aids (e.g., traffic lights).

Manipulation of portion size is less effective in overweight populations.
Lymphocyte-independent pathways underlie the pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus-associated secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Brisse E , Imbrechts M , Mitera T , Vandenhaute J , Berghmans N , Boon L , Wouters C , Snoeck R , Andrei G , Matthys P 
Published: November 2017

Summary
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) constitutes a spectrum of immunological disorders characterized by uncontrolled immune activation and key symptoms such as fever, splenomegaly, pancytopenia, haemophagocytosis, hyperferritinaemia and hepatitis. In genetic or primary HLH, hyperactivated CD8+ T cells are the main drivers of pathology. However, in acquired secondary HLH, the role of lymphocytes remains vague. In the present study the involvement of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of a cytomegalovirus-induced model of secondary HLH was explored. We have previously reported CD8+ T cells to be redundant in this model, and therefore focused on CD4+ helper and regulatory T cells. CD4+ T cells were activated markedly and skewed towards a proinflammatory T helper type 1 transcription profile in mice displaying a severe and complete HLH phenotype. Counter to expectations, regulatory T cells were not reduced in numbers and were, in fact, more activated. Therapeutic strategies targeting CD25high hyperactivated T cells were ineffective to alleviate disease, indicating that T cell hyperactivation is not a pathogenic factor in cytomegalovirus-induced murine HLH. Moreover, even though T cells were essential in controlling viral proliferation, CD4+ T cells, in addition to CD8+ T cells, were dispensable in the development of the HLH-like syndrome. In fact, no T or B cells were required for induction and propagation of HLH disease, as evidenced by the occurrence of cytomegalovirus-associated HLH in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. These data suggest that lymphocyte-independent mechanisms can underlie virus-associated secondary HLH, accentuating a clear distinction with primary HLH.