bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fronted NPs in a verb-initial language – clause-internal or external? Prosodic cues to the rescue!
Authors: Simard Candide , Wegener Claudia 
Published: May 2017

This paper investigates prosodic features of fronted constituents in the verb-initial Oceanic language Gela (spoken by about 16.000 people in Solomon Islands). Although Gela’s basic constituent order is verb-(object-)subject/predicate-subject, constituents can appear in front of the verbal predicate. Fronted constituents in Gela can be interpreted as pre-clausal (i.e. external to the following clause, immediately preceding it) or clause-initial (i.e. clause-internal, at the very beginning of the clause), each of which can be associated with certain information structure categories of topics and focus. This paper discusses how prosody provides clues towards the interpretation of fronted constituents as pre-clausal or clause-initial, based on a quantitative study of their prosodic correlates. We argue for using prosodic criteria established on clear examples to help analyse ambiguous cases. The results are compatible with an approach that recognises the importance of prosody in syntactic analysis and contribute data from a little known language to the discussion to what degree prosodic and syntactic phrasing are aligned.This article is part of the special collection: Prosody and Constituent Structure
Prevalence of blood-borne viral infections among autopsy cases in Jordan
Authors: Bakri Faris G. , Al-Abdallat Imad M. , Ababneh Nidaa , Al Ali Rayyan , Idhair Ahmed K.F. , Mahafzah Azmi 
Published: May 2017

Background:Morgues are high risk areas for the spread of infection from cadavers to staff during the post-mortem examination. Infection can spread from corpses to workers by airborne transmission, by direct contact, or through needle and sharp object injuries.Objective:Knowledge about the prevalence of these infections on autopsy is essential to determine the risk of transmission and to further enforce safety measures.Methods:This is a descriptive study. All autopsies performed in the Department of Forensic Medicine at Jordan University Hospital during the study period were tested for the serology of human immunodeficiency, hepatitis B and C viruses. Positive tests were confirmed by nucleic acid testing.Results:A total of 242 autopsies were tested. Age ranged from 3 days to 94 years (median 75.5 years, mean 45.3 years (21.9 ± SD)). There were 172 (71%) males. The cause of death was considered natural in 137 (56.6%) cases, accidental in 89 (36.8%), homicide in nine (3.7%), suicide in four (1.7%), and unknown in three (1.2%) cases. Hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in five (2.1%) cases. Hepatitis C virus antibody was positive in five (2.1%) cases and the hepatitis C virus polymerase chain reaction was positive in two (0.8%) cases. HIV antibody was not detected in any of the cases. The infection status of cases was not associated with age, sex, nationality, or cause of death.Conclusion:The study findings indicated that there is a low prevalence of virus-infected autopsies in Jordan. However, the risk of transmission remains a potential threat and therefore the necessary precautions should always be taken during autopsy.
Waarom schakelen burgers (geen) rechtshulp in?
Authors: ter Voert Marijke , Klein Haarhuis Carolien 
Published: May 2017

Why do citizens (not) use legal assistance?
This article serves to gain insight in the use and non-use of various types of legal advice, particularly in relation to income levels and legal costs. Based on (logistic regression) analyses involving survey data on 1,928 Dutch citizens who experienced a non-trivial problem in the period May 2009 to May 2014, main findings are as follows: (1) 37% of citizens facing a (potential) legal problem contacted various types of legal advisers once or repeatedly. (2) In the explanation of use/non-use of advocates, problem characteristics turned out to matter significantly, in contrast with the level of household income. Entitlements to subsidized legal aid (lower income groups) as well as legal expenses insurance have made income a factor of less importance. (3) Looking at the degree in which citizens reported (high) costs being a reason for not using legal advice, again no significant differences were found between income groups. Especially advocates were deemed too expensive, regardless of household income; a reason for non-use in half of the cases in which advocates had been considered.
Het dossier voorwaardelijke ontbinding gesloten? – Hoge Raad 23 december 2016, ECLI:NL:HR:2016:2998 (Mediant/werknemer)
Authors: Bij de Vaate Vivian 
Published: May 2017

Samenvatting
De vraag naar de toelaatbaarheid van de voorwaardelijke ontbinding onder de Wet werk en zekerheid (Wwz) heeft de gemoederen flink beziggehouden. De opvattingen in de lagere rechtspraak en de literatuur liepen uiteen. Dat Kantonrechter Enschede op 20 mei 2016 de Hoge Raad prejudiciële vragen stelde op de voet van artikel 392 Rv, was derhalve niet vreemd. Het antwoord van de Hoge Raad, gegeven in een beschikking van 23 december 2016 (Mediant/werknemer) staat in deze bijdrage centraal. Wordt met deze beschikking het voorwaardelijke-ontbindingsdossier gesloten?
Uma leitura da aproximação Cuba-EUA sob a Doutrina Obama
Authors: Reis Solange 
Published: May 2017

<p><em>A restauração das relações Cuba-EUA deriva de vários fatores, incluindo a reformulação da grande estratégia norte-americana. Sem o idealismo ou o realismo dos últimos 50 anos, Barack Obama adota pragmatismo na aproximação com Cuba, em resposta a novas forças sociais e à necessidade de recuperar a imagem dos Estados Unidos na região. </em></p>
Teachers as Mighty Stakeholders? (Dis)empowering Moments during Advancement of ‘Inclusion’ Policies in Education
Authors: Felcmanová Alena 
Published: May 2017

Cílem článku je popsat faktory, které (ne)posilují učitele, aby zaujali aktivní roli ve vytváření a implementaci vzdělávacích politik na příkladu novely školského zákona a zaváděním tzv. inkluzivního vzdělávání. Článek vychází z kvalitativní analýzy hloubkových rozhovorů s různými aktéry ve vzdělávání. První část článku se věnuje teoretické diskuzi o vymezení pojmu empowerment a roli učitelů ve vzdělávací politice (včetně jejich role při navrhování a implementaci politik). Pojetí empowermentu, se kterým budu pracovat, chci navázat na Freireho conscientização. V článku chci ukázat, že hlavní faktory, které (ne)posilují učitele v jejich vlivu na realizaci inkluzivní vzdělávací politiky, jsou: vedení, jednotnost týmu, společné hodnoty, pověst školy, důvěra (vůči sobě a vůči druhým aktérům), role rodičů, obava z fenoménu white flight a segregace školy, ale také definice role učitele. Učitelé a školy sebe navzájem často považují za konkurenty a jejich nejasné povinnosti a zodpovědnosti vedou k omezené transparentnosti vzdělávací politiky a přístupu učitelů k rozhodovacím procesům. Všechny tyto faktory oslabují empowerment učitelů a jejich schopnost aktivně se podílet na rozhodovacích procesech.
Values and Attitudes Orientation of Czech Teachers and Students Focusing on Accepting or Rejecting the Otherness of Cultural and Ethnic Minorities
Authors: Preissová Krejčí Andrea , Cichá Martina , Máčalová Jana 
Published: May 2017

Studie zkoumá hodnotovou orientaci českých učitelů a studentů a jejich postoje k rozličným kulturním a etnickým minoritám v České republice. Domníváme se, že klíčovým problémem multikulturního vzdělávání je sdílení stereotypů a předsudků mezi účastníky edukačního procesu. Pro naše téma je nejdůležitější výchovně vzdělávací proces ve vztahu k sociálně znevýhodněným, kterými jsou např. romské děti, děti cizinců apod. Od září 2014 do června 2015 jsme realizovali rozsáhlé výzkumné šetření mezi žáky a učiteli základních a středních škol ve třech krajích České republiky. Hlavní výzkumný záměr spočíval ve zjištění a deskripci postojové a hodnotové orientace žáků a jejich učitelů vůči odlišným kulturním či etnickým skupinám. Naše předpoklady se potvrdily v případě nižší míry tolerance adolescentů k romské minoritě ve srovnání s ostatními etnickými či kulturními menšinovými skupinami, pedagogové i žáci vnímají soužití majority s romskou menšinou jako problematické. Ve vztahu k multikulturní výchově jsme dospěli ke znepokojujícímu zjištění, že pod ní učitelé obecně rozumí „učení se o jiných kulturách“, tzn. že se zdůrazňují rozdíly, namísto toho, aby bylo prezentováno, co mají tyto kultury společného. Důraz je tak kladen pouze na formování kognitivní složky postojů. Takový přístup vede k posilování stereotypního myšlení žáků, namísto rozvoje kritického myšlení.
Radiosensitization effect of hsa-miR-138-2-3p on human laryngeal cancer stem cells
Authors: Zhu Ying , Shi Li-Yun , Lei Yan-Min , Bao Yan-Hong , Li Zhao-Yang , Ding Fei , Zhu Gui-Ting , Wang Qing-Qing , Huang Chang-Xin 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundTreatments that target cancer stem cells play an important role in the controlling and eliminating of tumor initiation as well as in development, progression, and chemotherapy/radiotherapy resistance. In our previous study, we cultured and harvested human laryngeal cancer stem cells (CSCs) and applied microRNA biochips to screen differentially expressed miRNAs that were related to radiation tolerance in irradiated human laryngeal CSCs. According to the predicted genes and pathways of differential miRNAs target, down-regulated expression of hsa-miR-138-2-3p under radiation was thought to play a key role in enhancing the radio-sensitivity in human laryngeal squamous cancer stem cells.MethodTo investigate the radiational enhancement of hsa-miR-138-2-3p, we transfected hsa-miR-138-2-3p mimics that were synthesized based on the sequences of hsa-miR-138-2-3pin vitrointo human laryngeal CSCs (Hep-2, M2e, and TU212 cell lines) to make hsa-miR-138-2-3p overexpressed, and the tumorous specialities of CSCs, like cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, invasion assay, flow cytometry, and comet assay. Furthermore, we explored the signal transduction pathways that regulated the cancer stem cell initiation, development, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, which were controlled by hsa-miR-138-2-3p.ResultOverexpressed hsa-miR-138-2-3p played a key role in many anti-cancer biological processes in human laryngeal CSCs: (1) it decreased laryngeal CSCs proliferation and invasion in response to radiotherapy; (2) it increased the proportion of early and late apoptosis in laryngeal CSCs after radiation, raised G1 phase arrest in laryngeal CSCs after radiation, and decreased the proportion of S stage cells of cell cycle that were related to radio-resistance in laryngeal CSCs; (3) it down-regulated the expression of β-catenin in Wnt signal pathway that was related to the tolerance of laryngeal CSCs to radiotherapy; (4) it down-regulated the expression of YAP1 in Hippo signal pathway that regulated cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis; (5) it up-regulated the expression of p38 and JNK1 in MAPK signal pathway that was concerned to radio-sensitivity.ConclusionIn the present study, it was found that hsa-miR-138-2-3p regulated the Wnt/β-catenin pathways, the Hippo/YAP1 pathways, and the MAPK/p38/JNK1 pathways that were involved in cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, radio-resistance and radio-sensitivity in laryngeal CSCs. These results will be useful for a better understanding of the cell biology of hsa-miR-138-2-3p in laryngeal CSCs, and for serving hsa-miR-138-2-3p as a promising biomarker and as a target for diagnosis and for novel anti-cancer therapies for laryngeal cancers.
An exhaustive survey of regular peptide conformations using a new metric for backbone handedness (h)
Authors: Mannige Ranjan V. 
Published: May 2017

The Ramachandran plot is important to structural biology as it describes a peptide backbone in the context of its dominant degrees of freedom—the backbone dihedral anglesφandψ(Ramachandran, Ramakrishnan & Sasisekharan, 1963). Since its introduction, the Ramachandran plot has been a crucial tool to characterize protein backbone features. However, the conformation or twist of a backbone as a function ofφandψhas not been completely described for bothcisandtransbackbones. Additionally, little intuitive understanding is available about a peptide’s conformation simply from knowing theφandψvalues of a peptide (e.g., is the regular peptide defined byφ = ψ = − 100° left-handed or right-handed?). This report provides a new metric for backbone handedness (h) based on interpreting a peptide backbone as a helix with axial displacementdand angular displacementθ, both of which are derived from a peptide backbone’s internal coordinates, especially dihedral anglesφ,ψandω. In particular,hequals sin(θ)d∕|d|, with range [−1, 1] and negative (or positive) values indicating left(or right)-handedness. The metrichis used to characterize the handedness of every region of the Ramachandran plot for bothcis(ω = 0°) and trans (ω = 180°) backbones, which provides the first exhaustive survey of twist handedness in Ramachandran (φ,ψ) space. These maps fill in the ‘dead space’ within the Ramachandran plot, which are regions that are not commonly accessed by structured proteins, but which may be accessible to intrinsically disordered proteins, short peptide fragments, and protein mimics such as peptoids. Finally, building on the work of (Zacharias & Knapp, 2013), this report presents a new plot based ondandθthat serves as a universal and intuitive alternative to the Ramachandran plot. The universality arises from the fact that the co-inhabitants of such a plot include every possible peptide backbone includingcisandtransbackbones. The intuitiveness arises from the fact thatdandθprovide, at a glance, numerous aspects of the backbone including compactness, handedness, and planarity.
Cardiovascular Events After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Advanced Hematologic Malignant Neoplasms
Authors: Koeckerling David , Reddy Rohin K. , Barker Joseph , Eichhorn Christian , Divall Pip , Howard James P. , Korell Felix , Schmitt Michael , Dreger Peter , Frey Norbert , Lehmann Lorenz H. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceThe frequency and clinical phenotypes of cardiotoxic events in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell recipients remain poorly understood given that landmark approval trials typically exclude patients with high-risk cardiovascular profiles and data from nontrial settings are scarce.ObjectiveTo summarize the prevalence of adverse cardiovascular events among adults receiving CAR T-cell therapies for advanced hematologic malignant neoplasms.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were systematically searched from database inception until February 26, 2024.Study SelectionObservational studies were included if they comprised adult CAR T-cell recipients with advanced hematologic malignant neoplasms and if they systematically evaluated cardiovascular complications.Data Extraction and SynthesisExtraction of prespecified parameters related to the patient population, study design, and clinical events was performed at the study level by 2 independent reviewers in accordance with the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guideline. Meta-analysis of single proportions was conducted using random-effect models with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformations to calculate pooled prevalence estimates. Sensitivity analysis was performed using generalized linear mixed models with logit transformations.Main Outcomes and MeasuresVentricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, heart failure events, reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.ResultsThirteen studies comprising 1528 CAR T-cell recipients (median [IQR] age, 61 [58.7-63.0] years; 1016 males [66%]; 80% patients with lymphoma) were included. The median (IQR) duration of follow-up was 487 (294-530) days. On random-effects meta-analysis, we observed a pooled prevalence of 0.66% (95% CI, 0.00%-2.28%) for ventricular arrhythmia, 7.79% (95% CI, 4.87%-11.27%) for supraventricular arrhythmia, 8.68% (95% CI, 2.26%-17.97%) for left ventricular dysfunction, 3.87% (95% CI, 1.77%-6.62%) for heart failure events, 0.62% (95% CI, 0.02%-1.74%) for myocardial infarction, and 0.63% (95% CI, 0.13%-1.38%) for cardiovascular death. The pooled prevalence of all-cause mortality was 30.01% (95% CI, 19.49%-41.68%). Sensitivity analyses generated similar findings.Conclusions and RelevanceThis meta-analysis found a low prevalence of ventricular arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death among CAR T-cell recipients over a short-term to midterm follow-up. Left ventricular dysfunction and supraventricular arrhythmia were the most commonly reported cardiovascular complications, suggesting that cardiovascular surveillance strategies should focus on decreases in ejection fraction and supraventricular arrhythmia.
Stroke‐like episodes in patients with adult‐onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease and patients with late‐onset MELAS: A comparative study
Authors: Shi Yuzhi , Dong Gehong , Pan Hua , Tai Hongfei , Zhou Yi , Wang An , Niu Songtao , Chen Bin , Wang Xingao , Zhang Zaiqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo delineate the characteristics of stroke‐like episodes (SLEs) in patients with adult‐onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) and to compare these characteristics with those of patients with MELAS.MethodsTwenty‐three adult‐onset NIID patients who presented with acute or subacute brain disorders and 13 late‐onset MELAS patients were enrolled in the study. Patients with NIID were categorized into the SLEs group and the encephalopathy‐like episodes (ELEs) group according to the associated stroke‐like lesions (SLLs) findings. Clinical characteristics were compared between the SLEs group and the ELEs group among NIID patients and between NIID patients with SLEs and MELAS patients.ResultsEleven (47.8%) NIID patients who manifested acute or subacute brain disorders had detectable associated SLLs and were categorized into SLEs group. SLEs patients were more likely to report fever, headache, and seizures instead of sleep disorders than ELEs patients. Four (36.4%) NIID patients with SLEs absence of diagnostic or suggestive NIID imaging features. The clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, and neuroimaging and muscle biopsy histological features of NIID patients with SLEs majorly overlapped with those of late‐onset MELAS patients. Older age at the first SLE (OR [95% CI], 1.203 [1.045–1.384]), symptoms of movement disorders on admission (OR [95% CI], 9.625 [1.378–67.246]), and white matter hyperintensity in corpus callosum (OR [95% CI], 16.00 [1.542–166.46]) associated with the NIID diagnosis in patients with SLEs.InterpretationNIID patients with SLEs exhibit evident features of mitochondrial disorders. Interventions aimed at mitochondrial dysfunction might be a promising therapeutic approach for treating this disease.
Portable Colorimetric Sensor Array Based on a Porous Single‐Atom Fe Nanozyme with Different Surface Sites for Identifying Artificially Ripened Fruits
Authors: Wu Lifang , Lin Jiayang , Wang Hongsu , Pan Keyan , Shi Xiaomei , Niu Xiaodi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom nanozyme materials have demonstrated exceptional specific catalytic activity due to the atomic‐level dispersion of their active centers. However, the exploration of catalytic mechanisms for single‐atom catalysts is so far limited to the 2D surfaces of nanozymes. In this study, porous single‐atom Fe nanozyme (psaFeN) is successfully prepared through a straightforward coordination‐assisted polymerization‐assembly strategy. The psaFeN composite nanospheres are uniformly sized, exhibiting excellent dispersibility with well‐organized pore channels extending from the center to the surface. Density functional theory calculations reveal that in the psaFeN nanozyme, the (010) facets serve as the primary active surface, where Fe atoms form tri‐coordinated or tetra‐coordinated structures with doped nitrogen atoms. The (100) facets act as auxiliary reactive surfaces with tetra‐coordinated Fe─N as the active center. psaFeN exhibits excellent POD‐like activity (Km = 1.77 mM; Vmax = 173.53 × 10−⁸ M s−1). Given this exceptional bioactivity, a portable colorimetric biosensor is constructed for distinguishing artificially ripened fruits from naturally ripened ones. The sensor achieves precise discrimination with a detection limit as low as 310 nmol L−1. This study is anticipated to offer valuable insights into understanding the 3D catalytic mechanisms of single‐atom nanozymes, promoting their application in the development of robust biosensors for food safety.
On the Functionalization of C60 with Vinylallenes Generated in situ by Rhodium Catalysis
Authors: Castanyer Cristina , Artigas Albert , Solà Miquel , Pla‐Quintana Anna , Roglans Anna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe functionalization of fullerenes is important for several reasons, primarily related to enhancing their chemical reactivity, solubility, and potential of applications in optoelectronics and biomedicine. In this study, we present a novel approach to functionalize C60 through a cascade process encompassing an unprecedented Rh‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,6‐allenynes to in situ generate a vinylallene that is followed by a Diels‐Alder reaction with pristine fullerene, resulting in the formation of 6,6‐fused bicyclic fullerene derivatives. The mechanism governing this process was elucidated by DFT calculations and confirmed by deuterium labelling and control experiments, demonstrating the critical role of traces of water in the reaction medium to mediate the observed reactivity.
Sub‐Nanometer‐Scale Cu9S5 Enables Efficiently Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Feng Chao , Wu Hanyang , Shao Jiaxin , Huo Qihua , Hassan Afaq , Yang Hengpan , Hu Qi , He Chuanxin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe sub‐nanometer is a key feature size in materials science. Unlike single‐atom and nanomaterials, size effects and inter‐component cooperative actions in sub‐nanomaterials will effective on its performance is more significant. Here, 0.95 nm ordered arrangement Cu9S5 sub‐nanowires (Cu9S5 SNWs) are synthesized through the co‐assembly effect of inorganic nuclei (Cu9S5) and clusters (phosphotungstic acid‐PTA), achieving a significant increase in the specific surface area of the sample and ≈100% atomic exposure rate, which is the key to its high catalytic activity. PTA clusters not only act as a “charge transfer station” to accelerate the inter‐component electron transfer process, but also facilitate the dissociation of water and provide more hydrogen protons, thus dramatically facilitating the electrocatalytic process. The experimental results show that the Cu9S5 SNWs exhibited excellent nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) properties. The Faraday efficiency (FE) of NO3−RR is 90.4% at the optimum potential −0.3 VRHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) and the ammonia production is as high as 0.37 mmol h−1 cm−2, which is superior to most reported electrocatalysts. In addition, the Zn‐NO3− liquid‐flow battery devices assembled using Cu9S5 SNWs as electrode materials show excellent application results. This work provides a reference for the design of highly efficient sub‐nanoscale NO3−RR electrocatalysts.