bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of transoral surgery for oropharyngeal malignancies: An analysis of the ACS NSQIP
Authors: Su Henry K. , Ozbek Umut , Likhterov Ilya , Brant Jason , Genden Eric M. , Urken Mark L. , Chai Raymond L. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives/HypothesisMinimally invasive transoral surgical approaches for the resection of oropharyngeal tumors offer unique opportunities to achieve oncologically sound results while reducing treatment‐related morbidity. The objective of this study is to characterize the mortality and complication rates of transoral oncologic resections in a large, prospective, de‐identified national dataset from multiple hospitals.Study DesignRetrospective, multi‐institutional cohort study of 305 patients.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) datasets were accessed and examined for adult patients who underwent transoral surgical resection of oropharyngeal cancers during the years 2010 through 2013. Patient demographics, postoperative complications, and 30‐day mortality were evaluated.ResultsA total of 305 patients in the 2010 to 2013 ACS NSQIP datasets met study criteria. For the 18 postoperative complications that we assessed, 24 of 305 patients developed 37 complications, representing a complication rate of 7.9%. Among all patients, the 30‐day mortality rate was 0.7%, representing two patient deaths. The presence of preoperative dyspnea, hypertension requiring medication, and an American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of 3 or 4 were significantly associated with extended hospital length of stay (LOS) (> 4 days). On multivariate analysis, hypertension was the only factor that was marginally significant with a longer LOS (odds ratio = 1.74, P = 0.057).ConclusionTransoral resection of properly selected oropharyngeal tumors is safe, with low 30‐day morbidity and mortality. A greater understanding of the risk factors for complications following transoral surgery may improve patient selection and safety.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:2484–2491, 2016
Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on patients undergoing laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer
Authors: Sylvester Michael J. , Marchiano Emily , Park Richard Chan Woo , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: May 2016

Objectives/HypothesisAlthough chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common comorbidity in patients undergoing laryngeal cancer surgery, the impact of this comorbidity in this setting is not well established. In this analysis, we used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to elucidate the impact of COPD on outcomes after laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer.MethodsThe NIS was queried for patients admitted from 1998 to 2010 with laryngeal cancer who underwent total or partial laryngectomy. Patient demographics, type of admission, length of stay, hospital charges, and concomitant diagnoses were analyzed.ResultsOur inclusion criteria yielded a cohort of 40,441 patients: 3,051 with COPD and 37,390 without. On average, COPD was associated with an additional $12,500 (P < 0.001) in hospital charges and an additional 1.4 days (P < 0.001) of hospital stay. There was no significant difference in incidence of in‐hospital mortality between the COPD and non‐COPD groups after total laryngectomy (1.1% in COPD vs. 1.0% in non‐COPD; P = 0.776); however, there was an increased incidence of in‐hospital mortality in the COPD group compared to the non‐COPD group after partial laryngectomy (3.4% in COPD vs. 0.4% in non‐COPD; P < 0.001). Multivariate adjusted logistic regression revealed that COPD was associated with greater odds of pulmonary complications after both partial laryngectomy (odds ratio [OR] = 3.198; P < 0.001) and total laryngectomy (OR = 1.575; P < 0.001).ConclusionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease appears to be associated with greater hospital charges, length of stay, and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after partial, but not total, laryngectomy appears to be associated with increased risk of in‐hospital mortality.Level of Evidence2C. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:417–423, 2017
Optical classification and characterization of marine particle assemblages within the western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Neukermans Griet , Reynolds Rick A. , Stramski Dariusz 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe develop an optical classification of marine particle assemblages from an extensive dataset of particle optical properties collected in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the spectral particulate backscattering‐to‐absorption ratio partitioned the dataset into seven optically‐distinct clusters of particle assemblages, each associated with different characteristics of particle concentration, composition, and phytoplankton taxonomic composition and size. Three phytoplankton‐dominated clusters were identified. One was characterized by small‐sized phytoplankton that are typically associated with regenerated production, and comprised samples from the subsurface chlorophyll‐a maximum in oligotrophic waters of the Beaufort Sea. The other two clusters represented diatom‐dominated particle assemblages in turbid shelf waters with differing contributions of photoprotective pigments. Such situations are generally associated with significant new production. Two clusters were dominated by organic nonalgal material, one representing clear waters off the shelf, the other representative of post‐diatom bloom conditions in the Chukchi Sea. Another distinct cluster represented mineral‐dominated particle assemblages that were observed in the Colville and Mackenzie River plumes and near the seafloor. Finally, samples in a cluster of mixed particle composition were scattered throughout all locations. Optical classification improved performance of predictive bio‐optical relationships. These results demonstrate a capability to discriminate distinct assemblages of suspended particles associated with specific ecological conditions from hyperspectral measurements of optical properties, and the potential for identification of ecological provinces at synoptic time and space scales from optical sensors. Analogous analysis of multispectral optical data strongly reduced this capability.
Electromyographic evidence in support of a knock‐in mouse model of DYT1 Dystonia
Authors: DeAndrade Mark P. , Trongnetrpunya Amy , Yokoi Fumiaki , Cheetham Chad C. , Peng Ning , Wyss J. Michael , Ding Mingzhou , Li Yuqing 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionDYT1 dystonia is an autosomal‐dominant movement disorder characterized by abnormal, often repetitive, movements and postures. Its hallmark feature is sustained or intermittent contractions of muscles involving co‐contractions of antagonist muscle pairs. The symptoms are relieved with the anticholinergic drug trihexyphenidyl. The primary mutation is a trinucleotide deletion (ΔGAG) in DYT1/TOR1A, which codes for torsinA. Previous studies showed that (1) heterozygous Dyt1 ΔGAG knock‐in mice, which have an analogous mutation in the endogenous gene, exhibit motor deficits and altered corticostriatal synaptic plasticity in the brain and (2) these deficits can be rescued by trihexyphenidyl. However, brain imaging studies suggest that the Dyt1 knock‐in mouse models nonmanifesting mutation carriers of DYT1 dystonia. The aim of this work was to examine the hallmark features of DYT1 dystonia in the Dyt1 knock‐in mice by analyzing muscular activities.MethodsWireless telemetry devices with biopotential channels were implanted to the bicep and the rectus femori muscles in Dyt1 knock‐in mice, and muscular activities were recorded before and after trihexyphenidyl administration.Results(1) Consistent with DYT1 dystonia patients, Dyt1 knock‐in mice showed sustained contractions and co‐contractions of the antagonistic bicep femoris and rectus femoris. (2) The abnormal muscle contractions were normalized by trihexyphenidyl.ConclusionThe results suggest that the motor deficits in Dyt1 knock‐in mice are likely produced by abnormal muscle contractions, and Dyt1 knock‐in mice can potentially be used as a manifesting disease model to study pathophysiology and develop novel therapeutics. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Double‐gated myocardial ASL perfusion imaging is robust to heart rate variation
Authors: Do Hung Phi , Yoon Andrew J. , Fong Michael W. , Saremi Farhood , Barr Mark L. , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: May 2016

PurposeCardiac motion is a dominant source of physiological noise (PN) in myocardial arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion imaging. This study investigates the sensitivity to heart rate variation (HRV) of double‐gated myocardial ASL compared with the more widely used single‐gated method.MethodsDouble‐gating and single‐gating were performed on 10 healthy volunteers (n = 10, 3F/7M; age, 23–34 years) and eight heart transplant recipients (n = 8, 1F/7M; age, 26–76 years) at rest in the randomized order. Myocardial blood flow (MBF), PN, temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and HRV were measured.ResultsHRV ranged from 0.2 to 7.8 bpm. Double‐gating PN did not depend on HRV, while single‐gating PN increased with HRV. Over all subjects, double‐gating provided a significant reduction in global PN (from 0.20 ± 0.15 to 0.11 ± 0.03 mL/g/min; P = 0.01) and per‐segment PN (from 0.33 ± 0.23 to 0.21 ± 0.12 mL/g/min; P < 0.001), with significant increases in global temporal SNR (from 11 ± 8 to 18 ± 8; P = 0.02) and per‐segment temporal SNR (from 7 ± 4 to 11 ± 12; P < 0.001) without significant difference in measured MBF.ConclusionSingle‐gated myocardial ASL suffers from reduced temporal SNR, while double‐gated myocardial ASL provides consistent temporal SNR independent of HRV. Magn Reson Med 77:1975–1980, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Messgrößen für die Diffusion
Authors: Kärger Jörg 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWie sich Gastmoleküle in nanoporösen Wirtsystemen bewegen, ist durch NMR‐Spektroskopie mit gepulsten Feldgradienten, PFG‐NMR, direkt messbar. Methoden der Mikrobildgebung erfassen auch Transportphänomene unter Nichtgleichgewichtsbedingungen, wie sie bei Adsorption und Desorption sowie bei chemischen Reaktionen vorliegen.
Schüler im internationalen Wettbewerb
Authors: Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia , Geller Heidrun , Tausch Michael W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAuch im Jahr 2015 stellten sich Schüler deutscher Schulen mit Schwerpunkt in den Naturwissenschaften den Fragen des internationalen Chemiewettbewerbs des Royal Australian Chemical Institute. Die Ergebnisse zeigen Fachkompetenzen und Problemlösefähigkeiten im internationalen Vergleich.
Poly(ethylene glycol)–polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane as a novel plasticizer and thermal stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride) nanocomposites
Authors: Yang Shuyan , Wu Wenjian , Jiao Yuanqi , Fan Hongbo , Cai Zhuodi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe plasticizing and thermostabilizing effect of poly(ethylene glycol)–polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PEG‐POSS) on poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is discussed thoroughly in this work. As PEG‐POSS content increases, PVC becomes more flexible and the decomposition temperature of PVC increases slightly. Meanwhile, the temperature of maximum HCl emission is elevated from 265.3 °C in neat PVC to 285.7 °C in PVC nanocomposites, with the peak intensity of HCl emission decreased by 30.8%, and a new lower intensity of HCl emission peak appearing at much higher temperature (around 370 °C), which is in accordance with the maximum degradation temperature of PEG‐POSS. Thereby, a possible dehydrochlorination mechanism is suggested according to the fact that the electron donor effect of ether groups would stabilize the CCl bonds by means of more electron cloud stacked in those bonds, which agrees with Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments in terms of hydrogen bonds. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Transport properties of small molecules in zwitterionic polymers
Authors: Shah Shawreen , Liu Junyi , Ng Siucheung , Luo Shuangjiang , Guo Ruilan , Cheng Chong , Lin Haiqing 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTDespite great interests in using zwitterionic polymers for membrane surface modification to enhance antifouling properties, there lacks fundamental understanding of the relationship between polymer structure and water/salt separation properties. In this study, two series of zwitterionic polymers were prepared from sulfobetaine methacrylate and 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine. Both are crosslinked by poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). These copolymers were thoroughly characterized in terms of sol‐gel fraction, density, glass transition temperature, contact angle, water and salt transport properties, and pure‐gas permeability. Interestingly, the zwitterionic polymers exhibit water sorption and permeability similar to noncharged poly(ethylene glycol)‐based materials. These zwitterionic polymers exhibit lower NaCl diffusivity and permeability and thus higher water/NaCl selectivity than the non‐charged PEG‐based materials at similar water volume fractions, demonstrating their promise for membrane surface modification for desalination and wastewater treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1924–1934
A comparison of two representations of subgrid‐scale cloud structure in a global model: radiative effects as a function of cloud characteristics
Authors: Paquin‐Ricard Danahé , Vaillancourt Paul A. , Barker Howard W. , Cole Jason N. S. 
Published: May 2016

Two approaches to account for the radiative impacts of subgrid‐scale variability of cloud in a general circulation model (GCM) are compared: (i) deterministic reduction of cloud optical depth imbedded within the radiative transfer scheme and (ii) stochastic subcolumns employed with the Monte Carlo Independent Column Approximation (McICA). This article analyzes impacts, as a function of cloud phase and cloud fraction, due to replacement of deterministic method (which is used currently in the GCM) with the McICA method, as well as the introduction of cloud‐water horizontal inhomogeneity and changes to the description of cloud vertical overlap.The largest radiative effects are produced by changing horizontal inhomogeneity of cloud water, which, when enhanced, generally decreases cloud albedo and emissivity, with the exception of some ice clouds, the albedo of which increases. Reducing the extent to which clouds overlap vertically has smaller and opposite effects relative to increasing horizontal inhomogeneity, with the exception of some ice clouds, where both effects have the same sign. These effects are, however, less pronounced than the increases to both cloud albedo and emissivity that stem from replacement of the deterministic optical depth reduction method by McICA. In essence, deterministic reduction of cloud optical depth has a more aggressive impact on radiative transfer than does McICA's stochastic sampling of horizontal inhomogeneity. When the McICA methodology is applied interactively in the GCM, both cloud fraction and water content for low‐level clouds are reduced relative to the deterministic method.
Detection and treatment of atherosclerosis using nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Jia , Zu Yujiao , Dhanasekara Chathurika S. , Li Jun , Wu Dayong , Fan Zhaoyang , Wang Shu 
Published: May 2016

Atherosclerosis is the key pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, which is a silent killer and a leading cause of death in the United States. Atherosclerosis starts with the adhesion of inflammatory monocytes on the activated endothelial cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. These monocytes can further migrate into the intimal layer of the blood vessel where they differentiate into macrophages, which take up oxidized low‐density lipoproteins and release inflammatory factors to amplify the local inflammatory response. After accumulation of cholesterol, the lipid‐laden macrophages are transformed into foam cells, the hallmark of the early stage of atherosclerosis. Foam cells can die from apoptosis or necrosis, and the intracellular lipid is deposed in the artery wall forming lesions. The angiogenesis for nurturing cells is enhanced during lesion development. Proteases released from macrophages, foam cells, and other cells degrade the fibrous cap of the lesion, resulting in rupture of the lesion and subsequent thrombus formation. Thrombi can block blood circulation, which represents a major cause of acute heart events and stroke. There are generally no symptoms in the early stages of atherosclerosis. Current detection techniques cannot easily, safely, and effectively detect the lesions in the early stages, nor can they characterize the lesion features such as the vulnerability. While the available therapeutic modalities cannot target specific molecules, cells, and processes in the lesions, nanoparticles appear to have a promising potential in improving atherosclerosis detection and treatment via targeting the intimal macrophages, foam cells, endothelial cells, angiogenesis, proteolysis, apoptosis, and thrombosis. Indeed, many nanoparticles have been developed in improving blood lipid profile and decreasing inflammatory response for enhancing therapeutic efficacy of drugs and decreasing their side effects. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1412. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1412This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease
Synthesis and Properties of 4,4′‐Di(n‐Tetradecyl) Diphenyl Methane Disulfonate Salt
Authors: Xu Kai , Wang Danping , Xu Hujun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe gemini surfactant, sodium 4,4′‐di(n‐tetradecyl) diphenyl methane disulfonate, has been synthesized in four steps with high yield and only one isomer. The structures of intermediate products were analyzed by 1H‐NMR spectrometry and elemental analysis. Mass spectrometry was applied to the analysis of the final product. The Krafft point, surface tension, and critical micelle concentration of the aqueous solution and the oil–water interfacial tension were measured. The results indicate that the gemini surfactant exhibits an ultra‐low interfacial tension of 7.22 × 10−3 mN/m, which shows potential applications for enhanced oil recovery.
Learning to manage complexity through simulation: students’ challenges and possible strategies
Authors: Gormley Gerard J. , Fenwick Tara 
Published: May 2016

Many have called for medical students to learn how to manage complexity in healthcare. This study examines the nuances of students’ challenges in coping with a complex simulation learning activity, using concepts from complexity theory, and suggests strategies to help them better understand and manage complexity.
Wearing video glasses, participants took part in a simulation ward-based exercise that incorporated characteristics of complexity. Video footage was used to elicit interviews, which were transcribed. Using complexity theory as a theoretical lens, an iterative approach was taken to identify the challenges that participants faced and possible coping strategies using both interview transcripts and video footage.
Students’ challenges in coping with clinical complexity included being: a) unprepared for ‘diving in’, b) caught in an escalating system, c) captured by the patient, and d) unable to assert boundaries of acceptable practice.
Many characteristics of complexity can be recreated in a ward-based simulation learning activity, affording learners an embodied and immersive experience of these complexity challenges. Possible strategies for managing complexity themes include: a) taking time to size up the system, b) attuning to what emerges, c) reducing complexity, d) boundary practices, and e) working with uncertainty. This study signals pedagogical opportunities for recognizing and dealing with complexity.
First Trimester Screening for Pre-eclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Selvaraj Lakshmy Ravi , Rose Nity , Ramachandran Meenakshi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper is an analysis of the effectiveness of various first trimester markers in detecting uteroplacental insufficiency. The various parameters used for screening in 3373 women were uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) >90th percentile, maternal characteristics, mean arterial pressure (MAP), PAPP-A lower than 0.5 MoM, and PlGF test. Adverse pregnancy outcomes related to uteroplacental insufficiency, namely low birth weight, fetal loss, delivery before 36 weeks (due to abnormal fetal Doppler or oligohydramnios), and hypertension were assessed. Adverse outcomes were found in 37 % of patients who had high uterine PI, in 52 % of cases that had a positive risk after inclusion of maternal characteristics, MAP, and uterine artery Doppler, 55 % of women with low PAPP-A values, 85 % in cases that had both low PAPP-A values and high uterine artery PI, in all the cases positive for early onset pre-eclampsia (PE), and in 65 % of cases positive for late onset PE after inclusion of all parameters mentioned above with PlGF testing. Hence, PlGF test had the maximum detection rate for early onset PE. However, the predictive efficacy for detection of PE and fetal growth restriction (FGR) is quite good when PAPP-A is combined along with first trimester risk prediction using maternal characteristics, MAP, and uterine artery PI. The adverse outcomes were very minimal in the screen negative group, thus first trimester screening for PE and FGR definitely helps in triaging patients earlier in pregnancy giving the advantage of adding low-dose aspirin and increasing surveillance in screen positive group which would help us in minimizing adverse perinatal outcomes.
The effects of promotions on hedonic versus utilitarian purchases
Authors: Kivetz Ran , Zheng Yuhuang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBecause it is harder to justify hedonic purchases than utilitarian purchases, it is proposed that promotions will have a stronger positive effect on the purchase likelihood of hedonic than utilitarian products. This and related propositions are tested in multiple studies using a variety of product categories and promotions. The results demonstrate that promotions are more effective in driving purchase decisions when: (a) the product is hedonic rather than utilitarian; (b) the product is framed as more hedonic; and (c) the consumer has a hedonic rather than utilitarian consumption goal. Consistent with our conceptualization, the enhanced impact of promotions on hedonic purchases is attenuated when: (a) the hedonic product is intended as a gift for others; (b) consumers can construct justifications for their purchase ahead of time; (c) consumers arenotaccountable for their decisions; and (d) the promotion is contingent on purchasing additional product units (i.e., a quantity discount like “Buy 10, get 50% off”). Importantly, the present research reconciles and explains the seemingly inconsistent prior findings regarding the effects of price versus quantity promotions.