bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen‐binding Protein Fiber and Microgel: Supramolecular Myoglobin–Poly(acrylate) Conjugates
Authors: Ono Toshikazu , Hisaoka Yasushi , Onoda Akira , Oohora Koji , Hayashi Takashi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA supramolecular conjugate of myoglobin (Mb) and water‐soluble poly(acrylate), (PA5k and PA25k, where 5k and 25k represent the molecular weight of the polymers, respectively), is constructed on the basis of a noncovalent heme‐heme pocket interaction. The modified heme with an amino group linked to the terminus of one of the heme‐propionates is coupled to the side‐chain carboxyl groups of poly(acrylate) activated by N‐hydroxysuccinimide. The ratios of the heme‐modified monomer unit and the unmodified monomer unit (m:n) in the polymer chains of Heme‐PA5k and Heme‐PA25k were determined to be 4.5:95.5 and 3.1:96.9, respectively. Subsequent addition of apoMb to the conjugated polymers provides Mb‐connected fibrous nanostructures confirmed by atomic force microscopy. A mixture of the heme‐modified polymer and dimeric apomyoglobin as a cross‐linker forms a microgel in which the reconstituted myoglobin retains its native exogenous ligand binding activity.
Water needs and productivity of Jatropha curcas in India: myths and facts
Authors: Wani Suhas P. , Garg Kaushal K. , Chander Girish 
Published: February 2016

AbstractJatropha curcas referred as a ‘wonder plant’ with low water requirement, which can be cultivated on wastelands in dry tropical conditions to provide oil seeds for biodiesel without competing for prime cropland. However, results from experiments and case studies in semi‐arid tropical locations in India indicated that evapotranspiration (ET) demand for Jatropha ranges between 750 and 1000 mm under optimal conditions. Jatropha extracted water from soil layer 150 cm below with transpiration requirements of 600–800 mm with increasing age. The yield potential of current genotypes is low (2–3 ton/ha) for realizing the potential of Jatropha cultivation on wastelands subject to limited availability of nutrients and water. Jatropha curcas is drought tolerant, but contrary to belief, it is not a crop that requires less water: in fact, it requires 750–1000 mm water to achieve economic production. However, Jatropha curcas demonstrated good potential for enhancing green water use efficiency without adversely affecting the blue water component, and for promoting crop management options facilitating carbon sequestration and nutrient recycling when grown on degraded lands. Improved cultivars of Jatropha curcas with synchronized flowering to enable mechanical harvesting, along with improved land and water management, are needed for harnessing the potential of Jatropha as a commercially viable biofuel crop. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Accountability Systems and Group Norms: Balancing the Risks of Mindless Conformity and Reckless Deviation
Authors: Patil Shefali V. , Tetlock Philip E. , Mellers Barbara A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn dynamic task environments, decision makers are vulnerable to two types of errors: sticking too closely to the rules (excessive conformity) or straying too far from them (excessive deviation). We explore the effects of process and outcome accountability on the susceptibility to these errors. Using a multiple‐cue probability‐learning task, we show that process accountability encourages conformity errors and outcome accountability promotes deviation errors. Two additional studies explore the moderating effects of self‐focused and other‐focused group norms. Self‐focused norms reduce the effect of process accountability on excessive conformity. Other‐focused norms reduce the effect of outcome accountability on excessive deviation. Our results qualify prevailing claims about the benefits of process over outcome accountability and show that those benefits hinge on prevailing group norms, on the effectiveness of prescribed decision rules, and on the amount of irreducible uncertainty in the prediction task. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nodule Detection with Eye Movements
Authors: Wedel Michel , Yan Jin , Siegel Eliot L. , Li Hongshuang ( Alice) 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTRadiologists often miss nodules that may represent lung cancer on chest radiographs. We investigated whether eye movements collected during the search for lung nodules by large samples of laypeople may provide information that could assist radiologists in their detection. For that purpose, we developed a partially invisible Markov model with partially unobserved states and analyzed eye tracking data of over 100 laypeople who reviewed 14 chest X‐ray images, of which seven contained a potentially cancerous nodule. We used the luminance value of the pixels in the X‐ray images as prior information on the possible location of a nodule and identified six regions of interest on each image that may contain a nodule. Our study demonstrated that the eye movements recorded from laypersons contained information that may assist radiologists in the detection of nodules in chest X‐rays, which has important implications for crowdsourcing of search for pulmonary nodules, which are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Descriptive analysis of high birth prevalence rate geographical clusters of congenital anomalies in South America
Authors: Gili Juan Antonio , Poletta Fernando Adrián , Giménez Lucas Gabriel , Pawluk Mariela Soledad , Campaña Hebe , Castilla Eduardo Enrique , López‐Camelo Jorge Santiago 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundThe birth prevalence rate (BPR) of congenital anomalies (CAs) is heterogeneous and exhibits geographical and sociocultural variations throughout the world. In South America (SA), high birth prevalence regions of congenital anomalies have been observed. The aim of this study was to identify, describe, and characterize geographical clusters of congenital anomalies in SA.MethodsThis observational descriptive study is based on clinical epidemiological data registered by the Latin‐American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations network. Between 1995 and 2012, a total of 25,082 malformed newborns were ascertained from 2,557,424 births at 129 hospitals in SA. The spatial scan statistic was used to determine geographical regions with high BPR of CAs. The BPR was obtained with a Poisson regression model. Odds ratios were estimated for several risk factors inside the geographical clusters.ResultsWe confirmed the existence of high BPR regions of CAs in SA. Indicators of low socioeconomic conditions, such as a low maternal education, extreme age childbearing, infectious diseases, and medicine use during pregnancy were detected as risk factors inside these regions. Native and African ancestries with high frequency of consanguineous marriages could explain partially these high BPR clusters.ConclusionThe recognition of clusters could be a starting point in the identification of susceptibility genes associated with the occurrence of CA in high BPR regions. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:257–266, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance properties of a potential phototherapic agent: MMgF4:Gd3+ (M = Ba, Sr) sub‐microphosphors
Authors: Tamboli Sumedha , Kadam R. M. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNovel narrow band UVB‐emitting phosphors, BaMgF4:Gd3+ and SrMgF4:Gd3+ phosphors, were synthesized using a co‐precipitation synthesis method. X‐Ray diffraction analysis was carried out to confirm compound formation, phase purity and crystallinity of the phosphor. At 274 nm excitation, phosphors show a sharp narrow band emission at 313 nm that can be assigned to 6P7/2 → 8S7/2 transition of the Gd3+ ion. With increasing dopant concentration, intensity enhances and then decreases after a certain concentration, which is an indication of concentration quenching taking place in the phosphor. Scanning electron microscopy images of the phosphor show agglomerated particles in the sub‐micron range. Particles range in size from 600 to 800 nm. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of the phosphors were carried out to detect radicals present in the prepared phosphor. With narrow band UVB emission, phosphor seems to be a good candidate for UV phototherapy application. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CHO cells knocked out for TSC2 display an improved productivity of antibodies under fed batch conditions
Authors: McVey Duncan , Aronov Michael , Rizzi Giovanni , Cowan Alexis , Scott Charo , Megill John , Russell Reb , Tirosh Boaz 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe kinase mTOR operates in two cellular complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 adjusts metabolic activity according to external growth conditions and nutrients availability. When conditions are prosperous, mTOR facilitates protein and lipid biosyntheses and inhibits autophagy, while under metabolic constraints, however, its attenuation induces a catabolic program, energy preservation and autophagy. CHO is a key cell line for manufacturing of biologics owing to its remarkable ability to grow to high densities and maintain protein production and secretion for extended times. While high mTOR activity has been associated with high productivity in CHO cells, its inhibition by rapamycin has also been documented to augment productivity via promotion of viability. Here using CRISPR/Cas9 editing we engineered CHO cells to enforce high mTORC1 activity by knocking‐out TSC2, a major mTOR inhibitory protein, or PTEN, a phosphatase that attenuates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Only TSC2‐deleted cells exhibited a constitutive activation of mTORC1 under fed batch conditions. Cells grew larger in size, synthesized more proteins and displayed an over twofold elevation in their specific productivity. While peak viable cell density was compromised, overall titers increased to an extent dependent upon the parental clone. Our data underscore manipulation of TSC as a strategy to improve performance of CHO cell in bioreactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1942–1952. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of process dynamics on the microbial diversity in a nitrifying biofilm reactor: Correlation analysis and simulation study
Authors: Vannecke Thomas P. W. , Bernet Nicolas , Winkler Mari K. H. , Santa‐Catalina Gaelle , Steyer Jean‐Philippe , Volcke Eveline I. P. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTFor engineers, it is interesting to gain insight in the effect of control strategies on microbial communities, on their turn influencing the process behavior and its stability. This contribution assesses the influence of process dynamics on the microbial community in a biofilm reactor for nitrogen removal, which was controlled according to several strategies aiming at nitrite accumulation. The process dataset, combining conventional chemical and physical data with molecular information, was analyzed through a correlation analysis and in a simulation study. During nitrate formation, an increased nitrogen loading rate (NLR) resulted in a drop of the bulk liquid oxygen concentration without resulting in nitrite accumulation. A biofilm model was able to reproduce the bulk liquid nitrogen concentrations in two periods before and after this increased NLR. As the microbial parameters calibrated for the ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in both periods were different, it was concluded that the increased NLR governed an AOB and NOB population shift. Based on the molecular data, it was assumed that each period was typified by one dominant AOB and probably several subdominant NOB populations. The control strategies for nitrite accumulation influenced the bulk liquid composition by controlling the competition between AOB and NOB. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1962–1974. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decompressive laparotomy for abdominal compartment syndrome
Authors: De Waele J J , Kimball E , Malbrain M , Nesbitt I , Cohen J , Kaloiani V , Ivatury R , Mone M , Debergh D , Björck M 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background
The effect of decompressive laparotomy on outcomes in patients with abdominal compartment syndrome has been poorly investigated. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to describe the effect of decompressive laparotomy for abdominal compartment syndrome on organ function and outcomes.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study in adult patients who underwent decompressive laparotomy for abdominal compartment syndrome. The primary endpoints were 28-day and 1-year all-cause mortality. Changes in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and organ function, and laparotomy-related morbidity were secondary endpoints.

Results
Thirty-three patients were included in the study (20 men). Twenty-seven patients were surgical admissions treated for abdominal conditions. The median (i.q.r.) Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was 26 (20–32). Median IAP was 23 (21–27) mmHg before decompressive laparotomy, decreasing to 12 (9–15), 13 (8–17), 12 (9–15) and 12 (9–14) mmHg after 2, 6, 24 and 72 h. Decompressive laparotomy significantly improved oxygenation and urinary output. Survivors showed improvement in organ function scores, but non-survivors did not. Fourteen complications related to the procedure developed in eight of the 33 patients. The abdomen could be closed primarily in 18 patients. The overall 28-day mortality rate was 36 per cent (12 of 33), which increased to 55 per cent (18 patients) at 1 year. Non-survivors were no different from survivors, except that they tended to be older and on mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion
Decompressive laparotomy reduced IAP and had an immediate effect on organ function. It should be considered in patients with abdominal compartment syndrome.
Comparison of outcome of patients with CLL who are referred or nonreferred to a specialized CLL clinic: a Canadian population‐based study
Authors: Beiggi Sara , Banerji Versha , Deneka Angela , Griffith Jane , Gibson Spencer B. , Johnston James B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) patients in Manitoba are either referred to the CLL Clinic at CancerCare Manitoba (CCMB) or are followed by other hematologists and general practitioners. However, it has been unclear whether referral to the CLL clinic influences patient outcome. Overall survival (OS) was assessed for all CLL/SLL patients diagnosed in Manitoba between 2007 and 2011. Of 555 patients, 281 (51%) were referred to the CLL clinic. Patients seen in this clinic had a twofold increased OS compared to patients who were managed by other hematologists and general practitioners (HR 2.375, P 0.0002) when adjusted for age, gender, presence of pre‐ or post‐CLL cancer, treatment and urban/rural location. In the nonreferred population there was a striking correlation between advancing age and decreasing OS. However, this correlation was almost eliminated in the referred population who were more likely to receive chemotherapy. Patients referred and seen in the CLL clinic have an improved OS compared to nonreferred patients and this appears to be primarily related to improved OS in the elderly. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed.
Influence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hydrocortisone on the co‐culture of mature adipocytes and endothelial cells for vascularized adipose tissue engineering
Authors: Huber Birgit , Czaja Alina Maria , Kluger Petra Juliane 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe composition of vascularized adipose tissue is still an ongoing challenge as no culture medium is available to supply adipocytes and endothelial cells appropriately. Endothelial cell medium is typically supplemented with epidermal growth factor (EGF) as well as hydrocortisone (HC). The effect of EGF on adipocytes is discussed controversially. Some studies say it inhibits adipocyte differentiation while others reported of improved adipocyte lipogenesis. HC is known to have lipolytic activities, which might result in mature adipocyte dedifferentiation. In this study, we evaluated the influence of EGF and HC on the co‐culture of endothelial cells and mature adipocytes regarding their cell morphology and functionality. We showed in mono‐culture that high levels of HC promoted dedifferentiation and proliferation of mature adipocytes, whereas EGF seemed to have no negative influence. Endothelial cells kept their typical cobblestone morphology and showed a proliferation rate comparable to the control independent of EGF and HC concentration. In co‐culture, HC promoted dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes, which was shown by a higher glycerol release. EGF had no negative impact on adipocyte morphology. No negative impact on endothelial cell morphology and functionality could be seen with reduced EGF and HC supplementation in co‐culture with mature adipocytes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that reduced levels of HC are needed for co‐culturing mature adipocytes and endothelial cells. In co‐culture, EGF had no influence on mature adipocytes. Therefore, for the composition of vascularized adipose tissue constructs, the media with low levels of HC and high or low levels of EGF can be used.
Covalent Modification of MoS2 with Poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) for Solid‐State Broadband Optical Limiters
Authors: Cheng Hongxia , Dong Ningning , Bai Ting , Song Yi , Wang Jun , Qin Yuanhao , Zhang Bin , Chen Yu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNew soluble MoS2 nanosheets covalently functionalized with poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (MoS2–PVK) were in situ synthesized for the first time. In contrast to MoS2 and MoS2/PVK blends, both the solution of MoS2–PVK in DMF and MoS2–PVK/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film show superior nonlinear optical and optical limiting responses. The MoS2–PVK/PMMA film shows the largest nonlinear coefficients (βeff) of about 917 cm GW−1 at λ=532 nm (cf. 100.69 cm GW−1 for MoS2/PMMA and 125.12 cm GW−1 for MoS2/PVK/PMMA) and about 461 cm GW−1 at λ=1064 nm (cf. −48.92 cm GW−1 for MoS2/PMMA and 147.56 cm GW−1 for MoS2/PVK/PMMA). A larger optical limiting effect, with thresholds of about 0.3 GW cm−2 at λ=532 nm and about 0.5 GW cm−2 at λ=1064 nm, was also achieved from the MoS2–PVK/PMMA film. These values are among the highest reported for MoS2‐based nonlinear optical materials. These results show that covalent functionalization of MoS2 with polymers is an effective way to improve nonlinear optical responses for efficient optical limiting devices.
The Palladium Way to N‐Heteroacenes
Authors: Bunz Uwe H. F. , Engelhart Jens U. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNovel synthetic methodologies allow increasingly efficient access to known organic materials, as well as the preparation of otherwise inaccessible species. Pd‐catalyzed coupling of aromatic dihalides to ortho‐diaminoarenes furnishes embedded stable N,N′‐dihydropyrazines expediently and in often excellent yields. The embedded N,N′‐dihydropyrazines can then be oxidized by MnO2 to give substituted azatetracenes, azapentacenes, azahexacenes, and azaheptacenes, which are soluble, processable, and stable. This powerful Pd‐catalyzed methodology allows the preparation of azaacenes, including diaza‐, tetraaza‐ and hexaazaacenes. In combination with a suitable Pd precursor, Buchwald‐type biarylphosphines have been shown to give excellent results. Activated dihalides such as 2,3‐dihaloquinoxalines are coupled easily under simplified conditions, whereas 2,3‐dibromoacenes require more stringent conditions and advanced catalyst precursors. Pd catalysts effect the assembly of azaacenes with otherwise difficult to obtain substitution patterns. High yields and flexibility make this method most attractive.
α‐Ketobenzothiazole Serine Protease Inhibitors of Aberrant HGF/c‐MET and MSP/RON Kinase Pathway Signaling in Cancer
Authors: Han Zhenfu , Harris Peter K. W. , Karmakar Partha , Kim Tommy , Owusu Ben Y. , Wildman Scott A. , Klampfer Lidija , Janetka James W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUpregulation of the HGF and MSP growth‐factor processing serine endopeptidases HGFA, matriptase and hepsin is correlated with increased metastasis in multiple tumor types driven by c‐MET or RON kinase signaling. We rationally designed P1’ α‐ketobenzothiazole mechanism‐based inhibitors of these proteases. Structure–activity studies are presented, which resulted in the identification of potent inhibitors with differential selectivity. The tetrapeptide inhibitors span the P1–P1’ substrate cleavage site via a P1’ amide linker off the benzothiazole, occupying the S3’ pocket. Optimized inhibitors display sub‐nanomolar enzyme inhibition against one, two, or all three of HGFA, matriptase, and hepsin. Several compounds also have good selectivity against the related trypsin‐like proteases, thrombin and Factor Xa. Finally, we show that inhibitors block the fibroblast (HGF)‐mediated migration of invasive DU145 prostate cancer cells. In addition to prostate cancer, breast, colon, lung, pancreas, gliomas, and multiple myeloma tumors all depend on HGF and MSP for tumor survival and progression. Therefore, these unique inhibitors have potential as new therapeutics for a diverse set of tumor types.
Antineoplastic Isoflavonoids Derived from Intermediate ortho‐Quinone Methides Generated from Mannich Bases
Authors: Frasinyuk Mykhaylo S. , Mrug Galyna P. , Bondarenko Svitlana P. , Khilya Volodymyr P. , Sviripa Vitaliy M. , Syrotchuk Oleksandr A. , Zhang Wen , Cai Xianfeng , Fiandalo Michael V. , Mohler James L. , Liu Chunming , Watt David S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe regioselective condensations of various 7‐hydroxyisoflavonoids with bis(N,N‐dimethylamino)methane in a Mannich reaction provided C‐8 N,N‐dimethylaminomethyl‐substituted isoflavonoids in good yield. Similar condensations of 7‐hydroxy‐8‐methylisoflavonoids led to the C‐6‐substituted analogs. Thermal eliminations of dimethylamine from these C‐6 or C‐8 N,N‐dimethylaminomethyl‐substituted isoflavonoids generated ortho‐quinone methide intermediates within isoflavonoid frameworks for the first time. Despite other potential competing outcomes, these ortho‐quinone methide intermediates trapped dienophiles including 2,3‐dihydrofuran, 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran, 3‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)‐5,5‐dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one, 1‐morpholinocyclopentene, and 1‐morpholinocyclohexene to give various inverse electron‐demand Diels–Alder adducts. Several adducts derived from 8‐N,N‐dimethylaminomethyl‐substituted isoflavonoids displayed good activity in the 1–10 μm concentration range in an in vitro proliferation assay using the PC‐3 prostate cancer cell line.