bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigación e innovación responsables: retos teóricos y políticos
Authors: Eizagirre Andoni 
Published: June 2017

The present article postulates the value of the new ways of looking at the relations between science, technology, public / policies and society. On the one hand, Science and Technology Studies / foreshadow / alternative models for understanding the governance of science. On the other, within the institutional framework at the heart of the “Horizon 2020” strategy, the political language associated with responsible research and innovation (RRI) is gaining in importance, arguing that those who engage in research and engineering activities should do a better job of aligning their processes and outcomes with the values, needs and expectations of European society. The article offers a critical dialogue between the theoretical advances and the new political language, and suggests that the significance, scope and application of an RRI-based focus will depend on the economic and sociopolitical dynamics by which science and technology are instrumentalised and regulated.
Design, Fabrication, and Performance Evaluation of Electric Motor Driven Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Grater with Juice Extractor
Authors: Doydora Karlfred Junnee , Bodod Ralph , Lira Johnbert , Zamoranos Marivic 
Published: June 2017

Modern agriculture requires a modern approach which responds to the necessity of mankind. The study presents the fabrication and performance evaluation of a cassava grater with juice extractor. Such performance evaluation was conducted to determine its grating and juice extracting capacity and efficiency. It was made from locally available materials then tested experimentally using cassava with a grating capacity of 160 kg/hr. The study employed the Complete Randomized Experimental Design (CRD). In evaluating the experiment, the Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant effect of each factor and the Tukey's test was used to determine the significant difference between the combined treatments. Two factors with different levels were treated upon the experiment. These were mainly soaking time (0 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min) and the way the cassava was grated and juice extracted (Machine, Manual). Among these treatment combinations, the soaking time of 15 minutes obtained the highest grating and extracting capacity as well as for the grating and extracting efficiency leaving its quality and acceptable appearance on top. The computed benefit-cost ratio of 1.86 showed that grating and extracting cassava juice using the cassava grater with juice extractor was highly profitable and economical for local cassava producers.
Multipoint analysis of compressive fluctuations in the fast and slow solar wind
Authors: Roberts O. W. , Narita Y. , Li X. , Escoubet C. P. , Laakso H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCompressible turbulence in the solar wind is a topic of much recent debate. To understand the various compressive fluctuations at scales comparable to proton characteristic lengths, we use multipoint magnetic field and density data (derived from spacecraft potential which allows higher time resolution than is typically possible than with particle instruments) from the Cluster spacecraft when they were in undisturbed intervals of slow and fast solar wind. The application of the multipoint signal resonator technique is performed for the first time, to the analysis of scalar time series. Fluctuations in the measurements of electron density and in magnitude of the magnetic field (used as a proxy for compressible magnetic fluctuations) are used as inputs in addition to the traditional vector components of the magnetic field. This analysis is performed on two streams of solar wind, one which can be classed as a slow stream and one which can be classed as a fast stream to investigate the difference in the compressible components in the two types of wind. The recovered plasma frame frequencies for the incompressible component show low propagation speed in the plasma frame consistent with previous applications of the method, while the compressible components are more scattered, some with very high phase speeds. Based on these results, we propose a picture of compressive solar wind turbulence as a mixed state of (1) linear modes such as kinetic Alfvén, kinetic slow, and ion Bernstein modes; (2) coherent structures with very small intrinsic frequencies; and (3) nonlinear or sideband modes.
Thermal radiation of magma ocean planets using a 1‐D radiative‐convective model of H2O‐CO2 atmospheres
Authors: Marcq E. , Salvador A. , Massol H. , Davaille A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper presents an updated version of the simple 1‐D radiative‐convective H2O‐CO2 atmospheric model from Marcq (2012) and used by Lebrun et al. (2013) in their coupled interior‐atmosphere model. This updated version includes a correction of a major miscalculation of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and extends the validity of the model (P coordinate system, possible inclusion of N2, and improved numerical stability). It confirms the qualitative findings of Marcq (2012), namely, (1) the existence of a blanketing effect in any H2O‐dominated atmosphere: the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) reaches an asymptotic value, also known as Nakajima's limit and first evidenced by Nakajima et al. (1992), around 280 W/m2 neglecting clouds, significantly higher than our former estimate from Marcq (2012). (2) The blanketing effect breaks down for a given threshold temperature Tϵ, with a fast increase of OLR with increasing surface temperature beyond this threshold, making extrasolar planets in such an early stage of their evolution easily detectable near 4 μm provided they orbit a red dwarf. Tϵ increases strongly with H2O surface pressure, but increasing CO2 pressure leads to a slight decrease of Tϵ. (3) Clouds act both by lowering Nakajima's limit by up to 40% and by extending the blanketing effect, raising the threshold temperature Tϵ by about 10%.
On the timing between terrestrial gamma ray flashes, radio atmospherics, and optical lightning emission
Authors: Gjesteland Thomas , Østgaard Nikolai , Bitzer Phillip , Christian Hugh J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOn 25 October 2012 the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscope Imager (RHESSI) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellites passed over a thunderstorm on the coast of Sri Lanka. RHESSI observed a terrestrial gamma ray flash (TGF) originating from this thunderstorm. Optical measurements of the causative lightning stroke were made by the lightning imaging sensor (LIS) on board TRMM. The World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) detected the very low frequency (VLF) radio emissions from the lightning stroke. The geolocation from WWLLN, which we also assume is the TGF source location, was in the convective core of the cloud. By using new information about both RHESSI and LIS timing accuracy, we find that the peak in the TGF light curve occurs 230 μs before the WWLLN time. Analysis of the optical signal from LIS shows that within the uncertainties, we cannot conclude which comes first: the gamma emission or the optical emission. We have also applied the new information about the LIS timing on a previously published event by Østgaard et al. (2012). Also for this event we are not able to conclude which signal comes first. More accurate instruments are needed in order to get the exact timing between the TGF and the optical signal.
Wave coupling from the lower to the middle thermosphere: Effects of mean winds and dissipation
Authors: Gasperini F. , Forbes J. M. , Hagan M. E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecent observational and modeling evidence has demonstrated that planetary waves can modulate atmospheric tides, and secondary waves arising from their nonlinear interactions are an important source of both temporal and longitude variability in the thermosphere. While significant progress has been made on understanding how this form of vertical coupling occurs, uncertainty still exists on how the horizontal structures of primary and secondary waves evolve with height and the processes responsible for this evolution, in part due to lack of global observations between 120 km and 260 km. In this work we employ a Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Electrodynamics general circulation model simulation covering all of 2009 that is forced by Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications dynamical fields, to assess the relative contribution of zonal mean winds and molecular dissipation on the vertical coupling of the eastward propagating diurnal tide with zonal wave number 3 (DE3), the 3 day ultrafast Kelvin wave, and the secondary waves arising from their nonlinear interaction. By developing and applying a new analytic formulation describing the latitudinal structure of an equatorially trapped wave subject to dissipation and background winds, we show that dissipation is the primary contributor to the broadening of the latitudinal structures with height, while asymmetries in the background wind field are responsible for the distortion of the height‐latitude structures.
Analysis of albedo versus cloud fraction relationships in liquid water clouds using heuristic models and large eddy simulation
Authors: Feingold Graham , Balsells Joseph , Glassmeier Franziska , Yamaguchi Takanobu , Kazil Jan , McComiskey Allison 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe relationship between the albedo of a cloudy scene
and cloud fraction fc is studied with the aid of heuristic models of stratocumulus and cumulus clouds. Existing work has shown that scene albedo increases monotonically with increasing cloud fraction but that the relationship varies from linear to superlinear. The reasons for these differences in functional dependence are traced to the relationship between cloud deepening and cloud widening. When clouds deepen with no significant increase in fc (e.g., in solid stratocumulus), the relationship between
and fc is linear. When clouds widen as they deepen, as in cumulus cloud fields, the relationship is superlinear. A simple heuristic model of a cumulus cloud field with a power law size distribution shows that the superlinear
‐fc behavior is traced out either through random variation in cloud size distribution parameters or as the cloud field oscillates between a relative abundance of small clouds (steep slopes on a log‐log plot) and a relative abundance of large clouds (flat slopes). Oscillations of this kind manifest in large eddy simulation of trade wind cumulus where the slope and intercept of the power law fit to the cloud size distribution are highly correlated. Further analysis of the large eddy model‐generated cloud fields suggests that cumulus clouds grow larger and deeper as their underlying plumes aggregate; this is followed by breakup of large plumes and a tendency to smaller clouds. The cloud and thermal size distributions oscillate back and forth approximately in unison.
The regional differences of Tibetan convective systems in boreal summer
Authors: Hu Liang , Deng Difei , Xu Xiangde , Zhao Ping 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Tibetan Convective Systems (TCSs) observed over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) in boreal summer show two local maximum centers in the central and eastern TP. TCSs identified by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Convection Tracking Database are utilized to study the regional differences of TCSs. Results indicate that there are more TCSs in the eastern TP than central TP. The 20–30% of TCSs over the eastern TP are associated with shear line, vortex, and low pressure systems, while 70–80% of TCSs are formed locally. In contrast, 50–70% of TCSs over the central TP are linked to synoptic weather systems. TCSs over the eastern TP tend to have smaller size, more humidity, and more rainfall than those over central TP, and they are also more likely to move out of TP. TCSs are mostly generated in midafternoon with more rainfall in evening over the central TP and in midnight over the eastern TP. Results from the third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Scientific Experiment confirm that there are more complicated properties of TCSs' diurnal variability over the eastern TP than central TP. Results also show that TP plays an important role in summer precipitation in both its downstream regions and the whole China.
Proteinase Inhibitors
Authors: Laing William , McManus Michael T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionThe Functions ofPIsThe Classification ofPIsClasses of Serine Inhibitors from PlantsClasses of CysteinePIsProteinaceous Inhibitors of MetalloproteinasesProteinaceous Inhibitors of the Aspartic ProteinasesConcluding Remarks
Assessment of acquired mucociliary clearance defects using micro‐optical coherence tomography
Authors: Tipirneni Kiranya E. , Grayson Jessica W. , Zhang Shaoyan , Cho Do‐Yeon , Skinner Daniel F. , Lim Dong‐Jin , Mackey Calvin , Tearney Guillermo J. , Rowe Steven M. , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundDehydration of airway surface liquid (ASL) disrupts normal mucociliary clearance (MCC) in sinonasal epithelium, which may lead to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Abnormal chloride (Cl−) transport is one such mechanism that contributes to this disorder and can be acquired secondary to environmental perturbations, such as hypoxia at the tissue surface. The objective of this study was to assess the technological feasibility of the novel micro‐optical coherence tomography (μOCT) imaging technique for investigating acquired MCC defects in cultured human sinonasal epithelial (HSNE) cells.MethodsPrimary HSNE cell cultures were subjected to a 1% oxygen environment for 12 hours to induce acquired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction. Ion transport characteristics were assessed with pharmacologic manipulation in Ussing chambers. ASL, periciliary fluid (PCL), and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) were evaluated using μOCT.ResultsAmiloride‐sensitive transport (ΔISC) was greater in cultures exposed to hypoxia (hypoxia: −13.2 ± 0.6 μA/cm2; control: −6.5 ± 0.1 μA/cm2; p < 0.01), whereas CFTR‐mediated anion transport was significantly diminished (hypoxia: 28.6 ± 0.3 μA/cm2; control: 36.2 ± 1.6 μA/cm2; p < 0.01), consistent with acquired CFTR dysfunction and sodium hyperabsorption. Hypoxia diminished all markers of airway surface function microanatomy as observed with μOCT, including ASL (hypoxia: 5.0 ± 0.4 μm; control: 9.0 ± 0.9 μm; p < 0.01) and PCL depth (hypoxia: 2.5 ± 0.1 μm; control: 4.8 ± 0.3 μm; p < 0.01), and CBF (hypoxia: 8.7 ± 0.3 Hz; control: 10.2 ± 0.3 Hz; p < 0.01).ConclusionHypoxia‐induced defects in epithelial anion transport in HSNE led to predictable effects on markers of MCC measured with novel μOCT imaging. This imaging method represents a technological leap forward and is feasible for assessing acquired defects impacting the airway surface.
Microfluidic Formation of Monodisperse Coacervate Organelles in Liposomes
Authors: Deng Nan‐Nan , Huck Wilhelm T. S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCoacervates have been widely studied as model compartments in protocell research. Complex coacervates composed of disordered proteins and RNA have also been shown to play an important role in cellular processes. Herein, we report on a microfluidic strategy for constructing monodisperse coacervate droplets encapsulated within uniform unilamellar liposomes. These structures represent a bottom‐up approach to hierarchically structured protocells, as demonstrated by storage and release of DNA from the encapsulated coacervates as well as localized transcription.
CO2‐Sourced α‐Alkylidene Cyclic Carbonates: A Step Forward in the Quest for Functional Regioregular Poly(urethane)s and Poly(carbonate)s
Authors: Gennen Sandro , Grignard Bruno , Tassaing Thierry , Jérôme Christine , Detrembleur Christophe 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDescribed is a robust platform for the synthesis of a large diversity of novel functional CO2‐sourced polymers by exploiting the regiocontrolled ring‐opening of α‐alkylidene carbonates by various nucleophiles. The reactivity of α‐alkylidene carbonates is dictated by the exocyclic olefinic group. The polyaddition of CO2‐sourced bis(α‐alkylidene carbonate)s (bis‐αCCs) with primary and secondary diamines provides novel regioregular functional poly(urethane)s. The reactivity of bis‐αCCs is also exploited for producing new poly(β‐oxo‐carbonate)s by organocatalyzed polyaddition with a diol. This synthesis platform provides new functional variants of world‐class leading polymer families (polyurethanes, polycarbonates) and valorizes CO2 as a chemical feedstock.
A Convergent Synthesis of Functionalized Alkenyl Halides through Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed Three‐Component C−H Bond Addition
Authors: Boerth Jeffrey A. , Ellman Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA CoIII‐catalyzed three‐component coupling of C(sp2)−H bonds, alkynes, and halogenating agents to give alkenyl halides is reported. This transformation proceeds with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity, and is effective for a broad range of aryl and alkyl terminal alkynes. Diverse C−H bond partners also exhibit good reactivity for a range of heteroaryl and aryl systems as well as synthetically useful secondary and tertiary amide, urea, and pyrazole directing groups. This multicomponent transformation is also compatible with allenes in place of alkynes to furnish tetrasubstituted alkenyl halides, showcasing the first halo‐arylation of allenes.
Lateral Organization of Host Heterogeneous Raft‐like Membranes Altered by the Myristoyl Modification of Tyrosine Kinase c‐Src
Authors: Dwivedi Mridula , Mejuch Tom , Waldmann Herbert , Winter Roland 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMembrane‐bound c‐Src non‐receptor tyrosine kinase, unlike other acyl‐modified lipid‐anchored proteins, anchors to the membrane by a myristoyl chain along with a polybasic residue stretch, which is shorter in chain length than its host membrane. The packing defect arising from this mismatched chain length of the host and the lipid anchor significantly affects the lateral organization of heterogeneous membranes. We reveal the mixing of phase domains and formation of novel nanoscale‐clusters upon membrane binding of the Myr‐Src (2–9) peptide. Fluorescence cross correlation spectroscopy was used to explore the nature of these clusters. We show that Myr‐Src (2–9) is able to oligomerize, and the peptide clusters are embedded in a lipid platform generated by lipid sorting. Further, using confocal fluorescence microscopy and FRET assays we show that localized charge enrichment and membrane curvature are able to shift the partition coefficient towards the more ordered lipid phase.
Spermatogenic Cycle and Steroidogenic Control of Spermatogenesis in Mytilus galloprovincialis Collected in the Bay of Naples
Authors: Prisco Marina , Agnese Marisa , De Marino Adriano , Andreuccetti Piero , Rosati Luigi 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present article was to study the spermatogenic cycle of Mytilus galloprovincialis collected in the Bay of Naples during a whole year and to acquire new insights into the mechanism of control. Knowledge of the Mytilus cycle in this geographic area is of particular interest as, to the best of our knowledge, the male gonad cycle has been hitherto unexplored. Testis organization was evaluated together with the localization of the enzymes 3β‐HSD, 17β‐HSD, and P450‐aromatase, which are strictly connected to the synthesis of two key hormones involved in the testis activity: testosterone and 17β‐estradiol. It was demonstrated that: (1) the spermatogenic cycle starts in late Summer‐early Fall and continues until early Winter, when the first spawning occurs; after rapid gonad restoration, several spawning events take place until June, when the testis becomes non‐active again; (2) in the testis, true Leydig and Sertoli cells are present; (3) during the reproductive period, Sertoli, Leydig, germ, and adipogranular cells (ADGs) are positive to 3β‐HSD and 17β‐HSD, while only germ cells are positive to P450 aromatase; by contrast, during the resting period, only ADGs are positive to 3β‐HSD and 17β‐HSD, and P450‐aromatase is no longer recognizable. The presence of a hermaphrodite sample is also described. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1881–1894, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Smart computing based student performance evaluation framework for engineering education
Authors: Verma Prabal , Sood Sandeep K. , Kalra Sheetal 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) technology has changed the educational landscape by allowing educators and administrators to turn data into actionable insight. Education organization begin to leverage solutions like cloud computing and radio frequency identification (RFID) across an IoT platform. Relative to this context, this paper proposes a five layer framework to facilitate automated student performance evaluation in engineering institutions based on smart computing concept. Student daily activity datasets are formed based on sensing capabilities of IoT nodes. Smart computing integrates hardware, software, and network technologies that provides systems with real‐time situation awareness and automated analysis. The engineering student performance per session is calculated by combining the results from sensory nodes based education data mining algorithms and student academic datasets. Moreover, based on student sessional performance score, decisions are taken by management authority to increase the reputation score of the engineering institution. The experiment comprises two sections. In first section, RFID based experimental setup is defined with objects interaction patterns. In second section, student performance score generated using proposed system is compared with manual system. The results depict that by introducing IoT in engineering education, more effective decisions can be taken to improve student learning experiences and over‐all growth of the institution.
Simvastatin induced actin cytoskeleton disassembly in normal and transformed fibroblasts without affecting lipid raft integrity
Authors: Chubinskiy‐Nadezhdin Vladislav I. , Negulyaev Yuri A. , Morachevskaya Elena A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStatins are the most commonly prescribed agents used to modulate cholesterol levels in course of hypercholesterolemia treatment because of their relative tolerability and LDL‐C lowering effect. Recently, there are emerging interests in the perspectives of statin drugs as anticancer agents based on preclinical evidence of their antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and anti‐invasive properties. Functional impact of statin application on transformed cells still remains obscure that requires systematic study on adequate cellular models to provide correct comparison with their non‐transformed counterparts. Cholesterol is the major lipid component of mammalian cells and it plays a crucial role in organization, lateral heterogeneity, and dynamics of plasma membrane as well as in membrane‐cytoskeleton interrelations. To date, it is uncertain whether cellular effects of statins involve lipid‐dependent alteration of plasma membrane. Here, the effects of simvastatin on lipid rafts, F‐actin network and cellular viability were determined in comparative experiments on transformed fibroblasts and their non‐transformed counterpart. GM1 lipid raft marker staining indicated no change of lipid raft integrity after short‐ or long‐term simvastatin treatments. In the same time, simvastatin induced cytoskeleton rearrangement including partial F‐actin disruption in cholesterol‐ and lipid raft‐independent manner. Simvastatin dose‐dependently affected viability of BALB/3T3 and 3T3B‐SV40 cell lines: transformed fibroblasts were noticeably more sensitive to simvastatin comparing to non‐transformed cells.