bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between foot posture, body mass, age and ankle, lower‐limb and whole‐body flexibility in healthy children aged 7 to 15 years
Authors: Hawke Fiona , Rome Keith , Evans Angela Margaret 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe complex relationship between foot posture, flexibility, body mass and age in children is not well understood. The objectives of this post hoc analysis were to explore the relationships between foot posture, flexibility, body mass in children aged seven to 15 years.MethodsThirty healthy, asymptomatic children (20 girls, 10 boys) aged 7 to 15 years with a mean age (SD) of 10.7 (2.3) years, were recruited through the Auckland University of Technology (AUT) Podiatry Clinic, Auckland, New Zealand. Clinical data were collected by a podiatrist with 20 years' experience and included: height and weight (for Body Mass Index), Foot Posture Index‐6 (FPI), Beighton score, Lower Limb Assessment Scale score (LLAS); and ankle lunge angle. For this post hoc analysis, Pearson's test and Spearman's rho were used to explore relationships between variables. Statistical significance level was p < 0.05.ResultsData for each of the 30 participants for each variable were included in analyses, which returned the following statistically significant results: higher FPI was associated moderately with higher Beighton score (r = 0.44, p = 0.01); greater lunge angle was associated moderately with higher Beighton (r = 0.40, p = 0.02) and LLAS (r = 0.42, p = 0.02) scores; older age was associated strongly with higher BMI (r = 0.52, p = <0.01) and moderately with lower Beighton (r = −0.41, p = 0.024) and LLAS (r = −0.40, p = 0.03) scores; and higher Beighton score was associated strongly with higher LLAS (r = 0.85, p = <0.01). There was no difference in foot posture between girls and boys (p = 0.21).ConclusionsIn this sample of healthy, asymptomatic children age 7 to 15 years, children with a more pronated foot type exhibited greater lower limb and whole‐body flexibility, but not greater ankle joint flexibility. There was strong agreement between lower‐limb and whole‐body flexibility. This study highlights the importance of assessing the paediatric flat foot in the context of a developing body.
Propagation of errors in citation networks: a study involving the entire citation network of a widely cited paper published in, and later retracted from, the journal Nature
Authors: van der Vet Paul E. , Nijveen Harm 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
In about one in 10,000 cases, a published article is retracted. This very often means that the results it reports are flawed. Several authors have voiced concerns about the presence of retracted research in the memory of science. In particular, a retracted result is propagated by citing it. In the published literature, many instances are given of retracted articles that are cited both before and after their retraction. Even worse is the possibility that these articles in turn are cited in such a way that the retracted result is propagated further.

Methods
We have conducted a case study to find out how a retracted article is cited and whether retracted results are propagated through indirect citations. We have constructed the entire citation network for this case.

Results
We show that directly citing articles is an important source of propagation of retracted research results. In contrast, in our case study, indirect citations do not contribute to the propagation of the retracted result.

Conclusions
While admitting the limitations of a study involving a single case, we think there are reasons for the non-contribution of indirect citations that hold beyond our case study.
Developing the Clarity and Openness in Reporting: E3-based (CORE) Reference user manual for creation of clinical study reports in the era of clinical trial transparency
Authors: Hamilton Samina , Bernstein Aaron B. , Blakey Graham , Fagan Vivien , Farrow Tracy , Jordan Debbie , Seiler Walther , Shannon Anna , Gertel Art ,   for the Budapest Working Group
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
Interventional clinical studies conducted in the regulated drug research environment are reported using International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) regulatory guidance documents: ICH E3 on the structure and content of clinical study reports (CSRs) published in 1995 and ICH E3 supplementary Questions & Answers (Q & A) published in 2012.
Since the ICH guidance documents were published, there has been heightened awareness of the importance of disclosure of clinical study results. The use of the CSR as a key source document to fulfil emerging obligations has resulted in a re-examination of how ICH guidelines are applied in CSR preparation. The dynamic regulatory and modern drug development environments create emerging reporting challenges.

Methods
Regulatory medical writing and statistical professionals developed Clarity and Openness in Reporting: E3-based (CORE) Reference over a 2-year period. Stakeholders contributing expertise included a global industry association, regulatory agency, patient advocate, academic and Principal Investigator representatives.

Results
CORE Reference should help authors navigate relevant guidelines as they create CSR content relevant for today’s studies. It offers practical suggestions for developing CSRs that will require minimum redaction and modification prior to public disclosure.
CORE Reference comprises a Preface, followed by the actual resource. The Preface clarifies intended use and underlying principles that inform resource utility. The Preface lists references contributing to development of the resource, which broadly fall into ‘regulatory’ and ‘public disclosure’ categories. The resource includes ICH E3 guidance text, ICH E3 Q & A 2012-derived guidance text and CORE Reference text, distinguished from one another through the use of shading. Rationale comments are used throughout for clarification purposes.
A separate mapping tool comparing ICH E3 sectional structure and CORE Reference sectional structure is also provided.
Together, CORE Reference and the mapping tool constitute the user manual.

Conclusions
This publication is intended to enhance the use, understanding and dissemination of CORE Reference.
The CORE Reference user manual and the associated website (http://www.core-reference.org) should improve the reporting of interventional clinical studies.
Periodic updates of CORE Reference are planned to maintain its relevance.

Registration
CORE Reference was registered with http://www.equator-network.org on 23 March 2015.
Εφαρμογή μικτού μοντέλου μάθησης, μέσω της πλατφόρμας Moodle, στο δημόσιο Ίδρυμα Επαγγελματικής Κατάρτισης (Ι.Ε.Κ.) Κορυδαλλού
Authors: Καραϊσκου Βασιλική , Γεωργιάδη Ειρήνη 
Published: April 2016

Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας είναι η διερεύνηση της αναγκαιότητας εφαρμογής ενός μικτού μοντέλου μάθησης, μέσω της πλατφόρμας Moodle, στα δημόσια Ι.Ε.Κ και συγκεκριμένα στο Ι.Ε.Κ. Κορυδαλλού. Η επιλογή της πλατφόρμας Moodle έγινε γιατί συγκεντρώνει και συνδυάζει στοιχεία και τεχνικές εξατομικευμένης - ενεργητικής μάθησης, αλλά παράλληλα δίνει και ιδιαίτερη βαρύτητα στον ενεργητικό και εποπτικό ρόλο του εκπαιδευτή. Λαμβάνοντας ως βασική αρχή τα παραπάνω στοιχεία, επιχειρήθηκε η ανάπτυξη εκπαιδευτικού υλικού στο διαδίκτυο για ασύγχρονη εκπαίδευση (μέσω της πλατφόρμας Μoodle), που έχει ως στόχο την εκμετάλλευση των νέων δεδομένων και υπηρεσιών που προσφέρει ο παγκόσμιος ιστός και παράλληλα την εφαρμογή των νέων εκπαιδευτικών μεθόδων που προσφέρονται, ώστε να καταστεί αποτελεσματικότερη η εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία. Στη συνέχεια, έγινε χρήση του υλικού, μέσω της πλατφόρμας, αλλά και γενικότερη χρήση της πλατφόρμας από τους εκπαιδευόμενους του Α΄ εξαμήνου στην Προσχολική Αγωγή, στα πλαίσια του μαθήματος της πρακτικής άσκησης του Ι.Ε.Κ. Κορυδαλλού και από τους εκπαιδευτές που δίδασκαν το μάθημα. Ακολούθησε διερεύνηση της αναγκαιότητας χρήσης της πλατφόρμας, καθώς και των πλεονεκτημάτων που προσφέρει στη μάθηση. Τα παραπάνω στοιχεία αντλήθηκαν με ερωτηματολόγια και συνεντεύξεις από τους εκπαιδευόμενους και τους εκπαιδευτές του Ι.Ε.Κ. Κορυδαλλού, που συμμετείχαν στην παραπάνω διαδικασία, καθώς και από τη διευθύντρια του Ι.Ε.Κ., ώστε να υπάρχει μια ολοκληρωμένη εικόνα. Η έρευνα έδειξε ότι η χρήση του μικτού μοντέλου μάθησης, στο Ι.Ε.Κ. Κορυδαλλού, κρίνεται αναγκαία, κυρίως στις περιπτώσεις αδυναμίας της δια ζώσης παρουσίας των εκπαιδευομένων. Τα πλεονεκτήματα που προσφέρει στην μάθηση είναι σημαντικά για εκπαιδευομένους και εκπαιδευτές, αρκεί η διαδικασία να εφαρμοστεί αποτελεσματικά, αξιοποιώντας όλες τις δυνατότητες που προσφέρει η μεθοδολογία της εκπαίδευσης από απόσταση.
A reflection on why and how the use of advertisements can enable language learning in the (E)FL classroom
Authors: Stamatelou Maria 
Published: April 2016

Advertising discourse is one of the society’s ‘most pervasive forms of discourse’ (Delin, 2000: 123). Advertising discourse means a way of speaking about something, or an ideological standpoint from which a product, service or idea are launched. This article is concerned with advertising discourse Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and how advertising discourse could be used in (E)FL coursebooks and classroom to contribute to language learning. Its central argument is that activities based on the discourse analysis of whole advertising texts provoke learners to ‘…pursue the social and cultural through attention to language’ (Goddard, 2006: 1) contributing to their learning about language and their raising language awareness; indispensable steps before language learning takes place.
Διαφοροποιημένη Διδασκαλία και εξ αποστάσεως υποστήριξη με τη χρήση του LAMS
Authors: Ζήσκος Βασίλειος , Παπαδάκης Σπυρίδωνας 
Published: April 2016

Στο άρθρο αυτό διερευνάται η εφαρμογή σεναρίων Διαφοροποιημένης Διδασκαλίας (ΔΔ) στη Δευτεροβάθμια Εκπαίδευση με την υποστήριξη της τεχνολογίας. Ειδικότερα εξετάζεται η αξιοποίηση της νέας υπηρεσίας Διαχείρισης Μαθησιακών Δραστηριοτήτων, του Πανελλήνιου Σχολικού Δικτύου (ΠΣΔ) η οποία είναι βασισμένη στο ελεύθερο λογισμικό ανοιχτού κώδικα LAMS. Για το σκοπό αυτό διεξήχθη έρευνα σε πέντε (5) σχολεία της Περιφερειακής Ενότητας Πιερίας το σχολικό έτος 2014-2015. Η έρευνα που έγινε ήταν συνδυασμός ποιοτικής και ποσοτικής μεθόδου. Συμμετείχαν ενενήντα έξι (96) μαθητές και πέντε (5) καθηγητές. Σχεδιάστηκαν και υλοποιήθηκαν ακολουθίες μαθησιακών δραστηριοτήτων για την πραγματοποίηση πρότυπων διδασκαλιών με την υποστήριξη του Συστήματος Διαχείρισης Μαθησιακών Αντικειμένων LAMS στο μάθημα Εφαρμογές Πληροφορικής της Α' τάξης του Γενικού Λυκείου. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας, έδειξαν ότι το LAMS βοηθάει σημαντικά στην εφαρμογή της ΔΔ. Η χρήση του LAMS αυξάνει το ενδιαφέρον των μαθητών και έχει ως αποτέλεσμα την βελτίωση των επιδόσεών του. Η υπηρεσία LAMS του ΠΣΔ, είναι ικανή να υποστηρίξει σε ικανοποιητικό βαθμό την υλοποίηση καινοτομιών όπως η Διαφοροποιημένη Διδασκαλία στη διδακτική πράξη και η εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση. Στις περιπτώσεις όμως των σχολείων με παλιό εξοπλισμό και χαμηλή ταχύτητα σύνδεσης στο Διαδίκτυο απαιτείται η αναβάθμιση της υλικοτεχνικής υποδομής και της ταχύτητας σύνδεσης των σχολείων στο Διαδίκτυο. Η ΔΔ με τη χρήση τέτοιων συστημάτων παρέχει και τη δυνατότητα εξ αποστάσεως συμπληρωματικής υποστήριξης των μαθητών μετά το τέλος του μαθήματος. Επομένως τέτοιες καινοτόμες πρακτικές είναι εφικτό να υλοποιηθούν και σε μεγαλύτερη κλίμακα στα Ελληνικά σχολεία.
6 ways towards e-assessment
Authors: Andreatos Antonios 
Published: April 2016

Το παρόν άρθρο προτείνει μερικές βασικές μεθόδους ηλεκτρονικής αξιολόγησης εργασιών και ψηφιακών διαγωνισμάτων. Μερικές μέθοδοι εφαρμόζονται σε όλων των ειδών τα μαθήματα, ενώ άλλες ταιριάζουν σε μαθήματα μηχανικών. Σήμερα σχεδόν όλοι οι μαθητές και φοιτητές του δυτικού κόσμου διαθέτουν φορητές υπολογιστικές συσκευές όπως έξυπνα κινητά και τάμπλετ, ενώ οι τεχνολογίες του Web2.0 κερδίζουν έδαφος σε όλες τις βαθμίδες της εκπαίδευσης. Αυτά ευνοούν μια τάση μετάβασης από την παραδοσιακή διδασκαλία προς το μικτό μοντέλο μάθησης (blendedlearning), σύμφωνα με το οποίο χρησιμοποιείται παράλληλα και η “ηλεκτρονική” μάθηση (e-learning). Οπότε καθίσταται ορατή η ανάγκη δημιουργίας ψηφιακών (“ηλεκτρονικών”) τεστ και διαγωνισμάτων, καθώς και η μεταφορά υπαρχόντων σε ψηφιακή μορφή. Οι μέθοδοι που προτείνονται εδώ είναι έχουν στόχο να βοηθήσουν τους καθηγητές σ' αυτήν την προσπάθεια.
Development of a logic model to support a network approach in delivering 24/7 children's palliative care: part one
Authors: Maynard Linda , Lynn Deborah 
Published: April 2016

Aim: This research aimed to develop and evaluate a 24/7 symptom-management service for children with life-limiting conditions and a model for palliative care nursing. Study design: A combination of audit and qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Sample and setting: A consultant nurse-led service (n=5 clinical nurse specialists) provided care and support to children and their families, which spanned a range of settings (home, hospital, hospice) supported by a managed clinical network of consultant paediatricians (n=4) with postgraduate expertise in palliative care. Methods: A pluralistic evaluation was conducted where the predefined service standards were audited and the predetermined service objectives were evaluated using daily diary data from the nursing team (micro), qualitative and quantitative survey data of stakeholders using the service (mezzo) and family assessment of children's palliative care (CPC) standards across the CPC network (macro).
The Relationship Between Pain, Self-Injury, and Other Problem Behaviors in Young Children With Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Courtemanche Andrea B. , Black William R. , Reese R. Matthew 
Published: April 2016

AbstractResearch has suggested that individuals who engage in self-injurious behavior may have enhanced expressions of pain, which contradicts previous assertions of blunted pain sensitivity in this population. The purpose of this study was to measure expressions of pain among young children being evaluated for autism and other neurodevelopmental disabilities. The frequency of pain-related behaviors was assessed during everyday routines using the Non-Communicating Children's Pain Checklist (NCCPC-R) for 51 children. Significant group differences between children with and without self-injury were found for the NCCPC-R total scores. The frequency and severity of self-injury, aggression, and stereotypy were also highly correlated with the total scores on the NCCPC-R. These results continue to support that individuals with self-injury may have enhanced expressions of pain.
Stimulus Overselectivity in Autism, Down Syndrome, and Typical Development
Authors: Dube William V. , Farber Rachel S. , Mueller Marlana R. , Grant Eileen , Lorin Lucy , Deutsch Curtis K. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Stimulus overselectivity refers to maladaptive narrow attending that is a common learning problem among children with intellectual disabilities and frequently associated with autism. The present study contrasted overselectivity among groups of children with autism, Down syndrome, and typical development. The groups with autism and Down syndrome were matched for intellectual level, and all three groups were matched for developmental levels on tests of nonverbal reasoning and receptive vocabulary. Delayed matching-to-sample tests presented color/form compounds, printed words, photographs of faces, Mayer-Johnson Picture Communication Symbols, and unfamiliar black forms. No significant differences among groups emerged for test accuracy scores. Overselectivity was not statistically overrepresented among individuals with autism in contrast to those with Down syndrome or typically developing children.
Cell-Free DNA Analysis of Targeted Genomic Regions in Maternal Plasma for Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing of Trisomy 21, Trisomy 18, Trisomy 13, and Fetal Sex
Authors: Koumbaris George , Kypri Elena , Tsangaras Kyriakos , Achilleos Achilleas , Mina Petros , Neofytou Maria , Velissariou Voula , Christopoulou Georgia , Kallikas Ioannis , González-Liñán Alicia , Benusiene Egle , Latos-Bielenska Anna , Marek Pietryga , Santana Alfredo , Nagy Nikoletta , Széll Márta , Laudanski Piotr , Papageorgiou Elisavet A , Ioannides Marios , Patsalis Philippos C 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
There is great need for the development of highly accurate cost effective technologies that could facilitate the widespread adoption of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT).

METHODS
We developed an assay based on the targeted analysis of cell-free DNA for the detection of fetal aneuploidies of chromosomes 21, 18, and 13. This method enabled the capture and analysis of selected genomic regions of interest. An advanced fetal fraction estimation and aneuploidy determination algorithm was also developed. This assay allowed for accurate counting and assessment of chromosomal regions of interest. The analytical performance of the assay was evaluated in a blind study of 631 samples derived from pregnancies of at least 10 weeks of gestation that had also undergone invasive testing.

RESULTS
Our blind study exhibited 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and correctly classified 52/52 (95% CI, 93.2%–100%) cases of trisomy 21, 16/16 (95% CI, 79.4%–100%) cases of trisomy 18, 5/5 (95% CI, 47.8%–100%) cases of trisomy 13, and 538/538 (95% CI, 99.3%–100%) normal cases. The test also correctly identified fetal sex in all cases (95% CI, 99.4%–100%). One sample failed prespecified assay quality control criteria, and 19 samples were nonreportable because of low fetal fraction.

CONCLUSIONS
The extent to which free fetal DNA testing can be applied as a universal screening tool for trisomy 21, 18, and 13 depends mainly on assay accuracy and cost. Cell-free DNA analysis of targeted genomic regions in maternal plasma enables accurate and cost-effective noninvasive fetal aneuploidy detection, which is critical for widespread adoption of NIPT.
Bark surface temperature measurements on the boles of wild cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i>) grown within an agroforestry system
Authors: Sheppard Jonathan , Morhart Christopher , Spiecker Heinrich 
Published: April 2016

Growing L. within an agroforestry system (AFS) may result in sun damage to cambial tissues on sun-exposed bole faces. There are two periods of risk of damage caused by insolation to exposed tree boles, the summer, when cambial temperatures become too high, or during winter, when the frozen dormant cambium tissue thaws and then rapidly re-freezes, a phenomenon commonly referred to as sunscald or southwest disease. Damage on the south western bole face was observed on a number of within an AFS.Five trees were sampled to assess the period in time that damage occurred. To retrospectively investigate such damage, bark surface temperature data were collected over a two year period for a further five and analysed. It was shown that bark surface temperature on the south western bole face reached nearly 50 Â°C during summer and experienced a maximum range of 38 Â°C within a 24 hour period in spring. A specially formulated white paint was applied to two trees, thus, testing a method to reduce the risk of sun damage. Two models were constructed to predict maximum and minimum daily bark surface temperature using maximum, minimum and mean daily air temperature, daily sum of sunshine hours, cloud cover, wind speed, relative humidity, maximum solar elevation and height on the tree bole as predictor variables. The damage occurred during winter 2009/2010. The models were used to identify maximum and minimum bark surface temperatures during that winter enabling the identification of possible damage events.Prunus avium P. avium P.Â avium
Ciudad, memoria, vivienda social
Authors: Riera Arq. Miguel Ángel 
Published: April 2016

Entre los años 1946 y 1955, durante la presidencia del general Juan Domingo Perón, el gobierno argentino llevó adelante un plan de obras públicas que contempló la construcción de una importante red vial, además de escuelas, hospitales, centros deportivos, incorporando también en esta planificación de alcance nacional a los barrios de viviendas de interés social con el fin de mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población trabajadora. En este trabajo se toma como caso de estudio al barrio «Evita» (actual «Berón de Astrada») de la ciudad de Corrientes, construido como producto de la implementación en el espacio urbano por parte de las autoridades provinciales de la política llevada adelante por el gobierno nacional destinada a mejorar la calidad de vida de la población trabajadora. Con el paso de los años se han producido modificaciones en la conformación arquitectónica que han alterado, en algunos casos, sustancialmente las características iniciales, iniciando un lento pero continuo proceso de transformación arquitectónica en virtud de la demanda de nuevos espacios de uso, lo que en algunos casos derivó en la modificación total de las características iniciales desde lo tipológico y lingüístico.
Palabras clave
políticas públicas; planificación nacional; población trabajadora; territorio provincial; contención social
Functional limit theorems for the decomposable branching process with two types of particles
Authors: Afanasiev Valeriy I 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A decomposable Galton - Watson process with two types of particles is considered. Particles of the first type produce equal random numbers of particles of both types, particles of the second type produce particles of the second type only. Under the condition that the total number of the first type particles is equal to N the functional limit theorems are proved for the numbers of particles of both types existing at times of the orders of

N

$\sqrt N $

, of N and of the intermediate orders.
Synthesis and enzymatic hydrolysis of a diaryl benzyl ester model of a lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC)
Authors: Nylander Filip , Sunner Hampus , Olsson Lisbeth , Christakopoulos Paul , Westman Gunnar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSpecific degradation of the bonds between lignin and carbohydrates is an important step towards separating individual lignocellulosic biopolymers for sustainable production of materials and chemicals. One of the most established covalent lignin-carbohydrate (LC) interactions is the ester bond between the α- or γ-hydroxyl group of a lignin phenylpropane unit and a glucuronic acid side chain of xylan. In this work, a model of the LC benzyl ester bond was synthesized in a one-pot reaction from a β-O-4 lignin unit andd-glucuronic acid, both from commercial sources. The resulting lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) model was unstable in aqueous solution. However, at pH 4, the rate of spontaneous hydrolysis was sufficiently low to allow for enzymatic splitting experiments. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the LC benzyl ester bond of the LCC model was demonstrated by means of the glucuronoyl esteraseStGE2 fromSporotrichum thermophile, which showed a preference forerythroforms of the LCC model.