bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Pathways to Entrepreneurship
Authors: Obschonka Martin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEntrepreneurship is crucial not only for creating jobs and innovating, but also because it reflects how personal agency and risk taking contribute to social change. Because entrepreneurship is widely regarded as a skill of the 21st century, societies worldwide want to design and implement education programs to encourage entrepreneurs. In this article, I discuss the role of the formative years of adolescence in the development of entrepreneurship, reviewing research on adolescent precursors of entrepreneurship. I also explore the role of the developing self‐concept and the interplay between biology and levels of context in the development of entrepreneurial skills throughout life. Finally, I propose a biopsychosocial model of entrepreneurial development and conclude with questions for researchers.
Steroid‐induced glaucoma treated with trabecular ablation in a matched comparison with primary open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Dang Yalong , Kaplowitz Kevin , Parikh Hardik A , Roy Pritha , Loewen Ralitsa T , Francis Brian A , Loewen Nils A 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the outcomes of trabectome‐mediated ab interno trabeculectomy in patients with steroid‐induced glaucoma (SIG).DesignA retrospective, observational cohort study performed in the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.ParticipantsThe data of 60 patients with SIG and 484 controls with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) matched by age, gender and glaucoma index were collected from the Trabectome Study Group database.MethodsReduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) and medications were compared between POAG and SIG by multivariate regression. Kaplan–Meier was used for survival analysis. Success was defined as IOP ≤21 mmHg and at least 20% IOP reduction from baseline for any two consecutive visits after 3 months without secondary glaucoma surgery. Postoperative IOP and number of medications were compared with baseline in the SIG subgroups by the Wilcoxon test.Main Outcome MeasuresIntraocular pressure reduction and 1‐year success rate.ResultsPatients with SIG had a higher baseline IOP (31.4 ± 10.4vs. 24.1 ± 7.6 mmHg,P < 0.01) and obtained a greater IOP reduction than controls with POAG (48.4%vs. 31.5%,P < 0.01). Multivariate regression showed that patients with SIG had an IOP reduction of 6.7 ± 1.1 mmHg more than those with POAG. Survival rates at 12 months were comparable at 86% in the SIG group and 85% in the POAG group (P = 0.47). Patients with SIG with a high baseline IOP, younger age and advanced glaucoma experienced a larger IOP drop.ConclusionTrabectome appears to be an effective surgical treatment in reducing IOP for patients with SIG.
TUG1: a pivotal oncogenic long non‐coding RNA of human cancers
Authors: Li Zheng , Shen Jianxiong , Chan Matthew T.V. , Wu William Ka Kei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group greater than 200 nucleotides in length. An increasing number of studies has shown that lncRNAs play important roles in diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion and chromatin remodelling. In this regard, deregulation of lncRNAs has been documented in human cancers. TUG1 is a recently identified oncogenic lncRNA whose aberrant upregulation has been detected in different types of cancer, including B‐cell malignancies, oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and osteosarcoma. In these malignancies, knock‐down of TUG1 has been shown to suppress cell proliferation, invasion and/or colony formation. Interestingly, TUG1 has been found to be downregulated in non‐small cell lung carcinoma, indicative of its tissue‐specific function in tumourigenesis. Pertinent to clinical practice, TUG1 may act as a prognostic biomarker for tumours. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning the role of TUG1 in tumour progression and discuss mechanisms associated with it.
Exit and the Epistemic Quality of Voice
Authors: Taylor Brad R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDebates over the relationship between exit and voice in politics have focused on the quantity of citizen voice and its effectiveness in influencing public decisions. The epistemic quality of voice, on the other hand, has received much less attention. This article uses rational choice theory to argue that public sector exit options can lead to more informed and less biased expressions of voice. Whereas voters have weak incentives to gather and process information, exit options provide sharper epistemic incentives to produce knowledge which can spill over into voting decisions. Exit can thus improve democratic competence.
Contrasting Developments in UK Energy Regulation: Retail Policy and Consumer Engagement
Authors: Littlechild Stephen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article explores the role of regulation as a supporting institution for an energy market. Two aspects are examined: first, the role of regulation in promoting a competitive market for the retail supply of energy, and second, the role of regulation in providing access to the transmission and distribution networks, assumed to be monopolies, that provide services for the retail suppliers. UK regulation promoted retail energy competition until 2008, but in that year changed direction, and since then has been restricting retail competition. In contrast, UK regulation since 2008 has encouraged more customer engagement in the network part of the energy sector. This offers the prospect, at least, of the emergence of a form of competition and choice in the process of setting price controls.
Collapse of Aortic Graft through Its Disarticulation Secondary to Periaortic Root Abscess: An Unusual Cause of Syncope
Authors: Tabakci Mehmet Mustafa , Yazicioglu Mehmet Vefik , Toprak Cuneyt , Demirel Muhittin , Avci Anıl 
Published: June 2016

Mini‐AbstractA 37‐year‐old man with prosthetic aortic valve and composite aortic graft was admitted to our emergency department with syncope and dyspnea. A transesophageal echocardiography revealed a vegetative mass on the aortic mechanic valve and a flow that originates from the left ventricle into the periaortic echogenic free space. There were a partial dehiscence of the mechanical valve conduit from the base of the heart and a periaortic root abscess/hematoma. Real time three‐dimensional TEE revealed complete disarticulation of the aortic graft that was totally collapsing during systole. We herein report a case who presented with syncope secondary to entire aortic graft collapse and periaortic annular abscess.
Unexpected platelets elevation in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenia treated with oseltamivir for influenza infection
Authors: Bigot Pierre , Auffret Marine , Gautier Sophie , Weinborn Marie , Ettahar Nicolas‐Kader , Coupé Patrick 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor approved for the prevention and treatment of influenza. Few haematological side effects have been reported with oseltamivir. We report herein the case of an unexpected platelet increase in a 46‐year‐old woman with idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP) treated with oseltamivir for influenza. The mechanism may involve the neuraminidase inhibition which decrease platelet surface sialic acid content and reduce their removal by the reticuloendothelial system. Oseltamivir may be responsible for platelet increase especially in patients with ITP.
Rainfall and hydrological stability alter the impact of top predators on food web structure and function
Authors: Marino Nicholas A. C. , Srivastava Diane S. , MacDonald A. Andrew M. , Leal Juliana S. , Campos Alice B. A. , Farjalla Vinicius F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractClimate change will alter the distribution of rainfall, with potential consequences for the hydrological dynamics of aquatic habitats. Hydrological stability can be an important determinant of diversity in temporary aquatic habitats, affecting species persistence and the importance of predation on community dynamics. As such, prey are not only affected by drought‐induced mortality but also the risk of predation [a non‐consumptive effect (NCE)] and actual consumption by predators [a consumptive effect (CE)]. Climate‐induced changes in rainfall may directly, or via altered hydrological stability, affect predator–prey interactions and their cascading effects on the food web, but this has rarely been explored, especially in natural food webs. To address this question, we performed a field experiment using tank bromeliads and their aquatic food web, composed of predatory damselfly larvae, macroinvertebrate prey and bacteria. We manipulated the presence and consumption ability of damselfly larvae under three rainfall scenarios (ambient, few large rainfall events and several small rainfall events), recorded the hydrological dynamics within bromeliads and examined the effects on macroinvertebrate colonization, nutrient cycling and bacterial biomass and turnover. Despite our large perturbations of rainfall, rainfall scenario had no effect on the hydrological dynamics of bromeliads. As a result, macroinvertebrate colonization and nutrient cycling depended on the hydrological stability of bromeliads, with no direct effect of rainfall or predation. In contrast, rainfall scenario determined the direction of the indirect effects of predators on bacteria, driven by both predator CEs and NCEs. These results suggest that rainfall and the hydrological stability of bromeliads had indirect effects on the food web through changes in the CEs and NCEs of predators. We suggest that future studies should consider the importance of the variability in hydrological dynamics among habitats as well as the biological mechanisms underlying the ecological responses to climate change.
Daclatasvir/peginterferon lambda‐1a/ribavirin in patients with chronic HCV infection and haemophilia who are treatment naïve or prior relapsers to peginterferon alfa‐2a/ribavirin
Authors: Santagostino E. , Pol S. , Olveira A. , Reesink H. W. , van Erpecum K. , Bogomolov P. , Xu D. , Critelli L. , Srinivasan S. , Cooney E. 
Published: June 2016

AimThis study explores the potential role of a novel interferon‐containing regimen for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and underlying haemophilia.MethodsThis trial (NCT01741545) was an open‐label, non‐randomized phase 3 study, which included adult haemophiliacs with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Patients with HCV genotypes (GT)‐2 or ‐3 were treated with Lambda‐IFN/ribavirin (RBV)/daclatasvir (DCV) for 12 weeks (cohort A). Patients with HCV GT‐1b or ‐4 were treated with Lambda‐IFN/RBV/DCV for 12 weeks, followed by Lambda‐IFN/RBV for an additional 12 weeks (cohort B). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with a sustained virologic response at post‐treatment follow‐up week 12 (SVR12). Clinical development of Lambda‐IFN was discontinued during this trial leading to study termination before a 24‐week post‐treatment follow‐up was obtained for all participants.ResultsOverall, 51 patients were treated (cohort A, n = 12; cohort B, n = 39). The proportion of patients achieving SVR12 was 92% in cohort A and 90% in cohort B. Therapy was generally well tolerated. The most common adverse events (AEs) were related to elevations in serum transaminases and/or bilirubin. Five serious AEs, four discontinuations due to AEs, and no deaths were reported. The rate of grade 3–4 bilirubin elevations was 17–18% across cohorts.ConclusionLambda‐IFN/RBV/DCV treatment demonstrated a high SVR rate and was generally well tolerated with a safety profile consistent with expectations for this special patient population. This study supports use of DCV as part of a combination treatment regimen for haemophiliacs with CHC.
Workplace Violence in Mental Health: A Victorian Mental Health Workforce Survey
Authors: Tonso Michael A. , Prematunga Roshani Kanchana , Norris Stephen J. , Williams Lloyd , Sands Natisha , Elsom Stephen J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe international literature suggests workplace violence in mental health settings is a significant issue, yet little is known about the frequency, nature, severity and health consequences of staff exposure to violence in Australian mental health services. To address this gap, we examined these aspects of workplace violence as reported by mental health services employees in Victoria, Australia. The project used a cross‐sectional, exploratory descriptive design. A random sample of 1600 Health and Community Services Union members were invited to complete a survey investigating exposure to violence in the workplace, and related psychological health outcomes. Participants comprised employees from multiple disciplines including nursing, social work, occupational therapy, psychology and administration staff. A total of 411 members responded to the survey (26% response rate). Of the total sample, 83% reported exposure to at least one form of violence in the previous 12 months. The most frequently reported form of violence was verbal abuse (80%) followed by physical violence (34%) and then bullying/mobbing (30%). Almost one in three victims of violence (33%) rated themselves as being in psychological distress, 54% of whom reported being in severe psychological distress. The more forms of violence to which victims were exposed, the greater the frequency of reports of psychological distress. Workplace violence is prevalent in mental health facilities in Victoria. The nature, severity and health impact of this violence represents a serious safety concern for mental health employees. Strategies must be considered and implemented by healthcare management and policy makers to reduce and prevent violence.
Microsatellite diversity of the Nordic type of goats in relation to breed conservation: how relevant is pure ancestry?
Authors: Lenstra J.A. , Tigchelaar J. , Biebach I. ,   Econogene Consortium, Hallsson J.H. , Kantanen J. , Nielsen V.H. , Pompanon F. , Naderi S. , Rezaei H.‐R. , Sæther N. , Ertugrul O. , Grossen C. , Camenisch G. , Vos‐Loohuis M. , van Straten M. , de Poel E.A. , Windig J. , Oldenbroek K. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIn the last decades, several endangered breeds of livestock species have been re‐established effectively. However, the successful revival of the Dutch and Danish Landrace goats involved crossing with exotic breeds and the ancestry of the current populations is therefore not clear. We have generated genotypes for 27 FAO‐recommended microsatellites of these landraces and three phenotypically similar Nordic‐type landraces and compared these breeds with central European, Mediterranean and south‐west Asian goats. We found decreasing levels of genetic diversity with increasing distance from the south‐west Asian domestication site with a south‐east‐to‐north‐west cline that is clearly steeper than the Mediterranean east‐to‐west cline. In terms of genetic diversity, the Dutch Landrace comes next to the isolated Icelandic breed, which has an extremely low diversity. The Norwegian coastal goat and the Finnish and Icelandic landraces are clearly related. It appears that by a combination of mixed origin and a population bottleneck, the Dutch and Danish Land‐races are separated from the other breeds. However, the current Dutch and Danish populations with the multicoloured and long‐horned appearance effectively substitute for the original breed, illustrating that for conservation of cultural heritage, the phenotype of a breed is more relevant than pure ancestry and the genetic diversity of the original breed. More in general, we propose that for conservation, the retention of genetic diversity of an original breed and of the visual phenotype by which the breed is recognized and defined needs to be considered separately.
The first months at sea: marine migration and habitat use of sea trout Salmo trutta post‐smolts
Authors: Flaten A. C. , Davidsen J. G. , Thorstad E. B. , Whoriskey F. , Rønning L. , Sjursen A. D. , Rikardsen A. H. , Arnekleiv J. V. 
Published: June 2016

The early migration and habitat use of brown trout Salmo trutta post‐smolts tagged with acoustic transmitters (n = 50) were investigated in a fjord system in central Norway from 30 April to 26 November 2014. The main aims were to investigate return rate, marine residence time and spatial use of the fjord system. Median seaward migration and return to fresh water dates were 22 May and 4 July, respectively. Of the 40 seaward migrating smolts, 26 returned to fresh water, giving a minimum return rate to fresh water of 65%. Entrance to the fjord from the river occurred mainly at night (80% of the S. trutta), however, no such diurnal pattern was observed during the return migration. Mean marine residence time was 38 days, but with large individual variation (22–99 days). The innermost parts of the study area were more utilized than the outer part of the fjord system during the sea residency, and with more use of the near shore habitat than the open, pelagic areas. Many post‐smolts also utilized the outer part of the fjord system, however, and 94% of the post‐smolts were recorded at least 14 km from the home river mouth. Marine survival and distribution in the fjord were size dependent with the largest individuals utilizing outer fjord areas and having higher return rates to fresh water. As far as is known, this is the first published study on temporal and spatial behaviour in the marine environment of first‐time S. trutta migrants during the full course of their first trip to sea.
Recovery of Proteins from Rice Mill Industry Waste (Rice Bran) Using Alkaline or NaCl‐Assisted Alkaline Extraction Processes
Authors: Gadalkar Sagar M. , Gogate Parag R. , Rathod Virendra K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe extraction of rice bran proteins from rice mill industry waste was performed using alkali and NaCl combined with alkali (at pH of 9) as the extracting medium. Initially, residual oil was extracted from the crude rice bran followed by removal of solvent used for oil extraction. The optimum processing conditions for the alkaline extraction were established as pH of 9, solute to solvent ratio as 1:50, agitation speed as 400 rpm and recovery time of 2 h. Using these optimized conditions, the yield obtained was around 76%, but some undesired phenolic compounds were also extracted along with proteins giving bitter taste and dark color to the recovered protein. To eliminate this issue, extraction was also performed using NaCl solution in combination with alkali and the optimum parameters for this combined approach were established as NaCl concentration of 0.5 M, solute to solvent ratio as 1:50, recovery time of 2 h and agitation speed of 400 rpm. Under these conditions, 70% recovery of proteins was achieved but most importantly with the desired quality characteristics.Practical ApplicationsCurrent industrial processes use harsh conditions to extract oil and recovery of hexane after oil extraction, which denatures the proteins in rice bran, due to high temperatures used in processing. Also, there are some protein extraction processes, in which extraction is performed with higher alkaline pH giving bitterness and dark color to the final protein concentrate. A modified process was developed using low temperature (60°C) for oil extraction and hexane recovery with application of vacuum (200 mbar). Protein extraction was performed using alkaline extraction at optimum pH of 9 and combined NaCl and alkaline extraction, which helped to eliminate the problem of bitterness and color. The development of process with higher extraction in a lower time and improved protein quality is of great importance from an industrial point of view.
In vitro Antagonistic Interactions Between Endophytic Basidiomycetes of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) and Ganoderma boninense
Authors: Naidu Yuvarani , Idris Abu Seman , Madihah Ahmad Zairun , Kamarudin Norman 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGanoderma boninense is a white rot basidiomycete that causes basal stem rot disease of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). The aims of this study were to identify endophytic basidiomycetes occurring naturally within oil palm and to assess their potential as biocontrol agents against G. boninense strain PER71 in vitro. In total, 376 isolates were recovered from samples collected from the root, stem and leaves of oil palm using Ganoderma‐selective medium. Ten of these isolates (2.7% of the total 376 isolates) were identified as basidiomycetes on the basis of clamp connections and the production of poroid basidiomes after incubation in glass jars containing PDA medium for 7–12 days. The isolates were identified using ITS rDNA sequencing as Neonothopanus nambi (five isolates), Schizophyllum commune (four isolates) and Ganoderma orbiforme (one isolate). The N. nambi isolates showed the greatest antagonistic activity against G. boninense, based on 73–85% inhibition of the radial growth measurements of G. boninense in dual culture and 76–100% inhibition of G. boninense growth in a culture filtrate assay. Possible modes of action for the antagonism shown by N. nambi against G. boninense in vitro include competition for substrate availability, space and the production of non‐volatile metabolites or antibiotics that inhibited the growth of G. boninense. Further in vivo investigations are required to determine the ability of N. nambi isolates to colonize oil palm seedlings and to protect oil palm from infection when challenged with G. boninense.
Teacher Identified Professional Learning Needs to Effectively Include a Child With Down Syndrome in Primary Mathematics
Authors: Faragher Rhonda , Clarke Barbara 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe practices of effective primary school teachers including students with Down syndrome in their mathematics classes are largely unexplored and many teachers feel unprepared to teach students with an intellectual disability. The authors sought to find out what these specific professional learning (PL) needs were and if they changed over time. A mixed methods study was undertaken to investigate the practices of primary mathematics teachers including students with Down syndrome in regular class lessons in two Australia educational jurisdictions. A variety of approaches was used to gain an understanding of their practices. Findings are based on responses to a questionnaire administered to teaching teams at the beginning and end of the school year. There was a strong endorsement of inclusion as an appropriate practice in primary mathematics. The PL needs of teaching teams changed across the teaching year. Early requirements concerned understanding Down syndrome and its impact on learning and behavior. As the school year progressed, PL needs changed toward a greater focus on the need for specific resources and strategies for teaching mathematics. The PL requirements of teachers included the need for “in‐time” support. The authors conclude that even if it may be infrequent when a teacher has a student with Down syndrome in a mathematics class, teachers still need access to PL that evolves across the school year, from less focus on syndrome‐specific information to greater emphasis on teaching mathematics through adjusting learning outcomes and teaching approaches.