bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost Variation Analysis Of Oral Antihypertensive Drugs Currently Available In Indian Pharmaceutical Market- A Pharmacoeconomic Study
Authors: Das Monalisha , Saikia Hiteswar , Chaliha Meghali 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the most commonly encountered chronic diseases, therefore treatment for the same should be affordable. Antihypertensive drugs of the same strength are available in the market at different costs. This study was conducted to raise awareness among health care workers and patients about the cost difference between different brands of the same antihypertensive drug, so that whenever possible a cheaper effective brand can be prescribed to ensure better patient adherence.
METHODS: Maximum retail price(MRP) of various antihypertensive drugs of same strength , manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies was obtained from various offline and online sources.The minimum and maximum costs of 10 tablets/capsules noted.The cost ratio & percentage cost variation was calculated for single drugs and fixed dose combinations.The ceiling price(as per DPCO)of common antihypertensives (as per national list of essential medicines)was compared with their maximum cost.
RESULTS: The formulations of single antihypertensive drugs and fixed drug combinations of two drugs were included in the study. Among the single antihypertensives analyzed the highest cost variation was of metoprolol (50mg) as high as 12144.89%.The cost ratio was seen to be seen to be highest for Metoprolol 50mg ER(80.3) followed by Metoprolol 25mg (78.4), Telmisartan 40mg(67).Among fixed dose combinations of two drugs analyzed highest cost variation was found that of Amlodipine 5mg + Atenolol 50mg combination(9566.6%)
CONCLUSIONS: There was a huge price variation among the antihypertensive drugs manufactured by various companies for the same strength.Some measures thus,must be taken by the government to bring the uniformity in the price that will help to reduce the economic burden on the patients.
Interventional Study on Reducing Stigma and Improving HIV/AIDS Awareness on Transmission among Housekeeping Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital with Health Education
Authors: Samuel Santhosham Kirubakaran , Appanbhotla Prasananjali , Kovur Hariharan , Sudhan Dharshnee , Murugan Arun 
Published: September 2024

Background :
Hospital housekeeping workers (HHW), also known as hospital janitorial staff, are individuals responsible for maintaining the cleanliness and hygiene of hospital facilities. This study focuses on the perceptions of HIV/AIDS among HHWs and their role in controlling its spread. The aims included assessing their knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission, reducing stigma, and evaluating the impact of Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) on their awareness and perception.
Methods :
Conducted at a Chennai tertiary care hospital from December 2022 to January 2023, this interventional study involved 25 HHWs. The research utilised a structured questionnaire for socio-demographic details and HIV/AIDS-related questions, implementing pre- and post-tests after health education. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v20.0. The chi-square test was used to arrive at a p-value to test the significance between pre- and post-intervention test results. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Conclusion :
Post-intervention, the knowledge that using condoms reduces transmission very significantly increased to 100% (p-value=<0.0000001), awareness that HIV/AIDS doesn't transmit through touch very significantly improved to 88% (p-value=<0.0000001), belief in hope for affected individuals rose very significantly to 96% (p-value=<0.0000001) and understanding that mosquito bites don’t cause transmission very significantly increased to 88% (p-value=<0.0000001).
These findings emphasis the positive impact of health-education on HHWs. Empowering HHWs with the necessary knowledge to address fear-based stigma and boosting awareness is pivotal. Conducting effective and periodic awareness programs significantly enhances HHWs' understanding of HIV/AIDS, and is a crucial step in eliminating occupational transmissions and stigma.
Neglected Human Fascioliasis in IRAQ: A retrospective study of human fascioliasis at north of Iraq
Authors: Talah Khudhair Abbas  , Sinan Ghazi Mahdi  
Published: September 2024

Fascioliasis is an often-neglected zoonotic disease caused by liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and Fasciolagigantica(1). The life cycle of this parasite starts when eggs in mammalian stool are deposited in tepid water (22-26°C) and hatch in within two weeks, miracidia appear and develop. These miracidia invade many species of freshwater snails, in which they further develop to sporocyst and redia for 4-7 weeks. They leave as free-swimming single tailed cercaria that subsequently attach to watercress, water lettuce, mint, parsley, or khat (2, 3). They encyst within few hours and wait to be eaten by the definite host, humans (4). The metacercariae exist in the small intestine is releasing the young parasites, which rapidly penetrate the intestinal wall and enter the peritoneal cavity. The immature flukes penetrate the capsule of Glisson after 48h and enter the liver then migrate throughout the hepatic parenchyma till they reach the biliary system where they become adults within 3 to 4 months from the initial infection and lay eggs (4).
World health organization now recognizes human Fascioliasis as a significant public health problem and a neglected tropical disease with a great impact on human development (4).
The burden of infection is unclear, and studies have shown the geographic expansion of fascioliasis in human and livestock likely related to climate change (5).This study aims to highlight the sociodemographic characteristics of human fascioliasis in a newly emerged endemic area at north of Iraq.
Prognostic factors influencing survival rates in elderly patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Semenov D. V. , Orlova R. V. , Shirokorad V. I. , Kostritsky S. V. , Kononets P. V. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of the study. To determine the influence of prognostic factors on survival rates in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) aged ≥ 75 years.Materials and methods. A retrospective study included 77 mRCC patients aged ≥ 75 years who received systemic therapy at the Municipal Oncologic Hospital No. 62 in Moscow and the Municipal Oncologic Dispensary in St. Petersburg from 2006 to 2019. Clinical data from medical records were obtained and analyzed retrospectively, all patients underwent clinical, laboratory, and pathomorphological examination. Patients' survival rates were evaluated using the statistical method of survival time analysis (Survival Analysis). Descriptive characteristics of survival time were calculated in the form of life tables, and Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed.Results. In the present study, a favorable prognosis according to International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC)was noted in 20.8 % of patients with mRCC aged ≥ 75 years; 6.5 % had solitary metastases. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 35.8 % and 21.2 %.In single-factor analysis in mRCC patients ≥ 75 years of age, it was found that ECOG status (p < 0.001), histological subtype (p = 0,01), Fuhrman grade of tumour differentiation (p = 0.003), type of metastases (p = 0.045), liver metastases (p < 0.001), IMDC prognosis (p = 0.042) and nephrectomy (p = 0.014).Conclusion. In a multivariate analysis, factors affecting survival in patients with mRCC aged ≥ 75 years included sex, histologic subtype, number of metastases, bone and lymph node metastases, IMDC prognosis, and radiation therapy and nephrectomy. Further studies are needed to identify additional personalized prognostic factors in elderly patients with mRCC.
Endovascular surgery in patients with coronary artery disease in combination with cancer
Authors: Alekyan B. G. , Gritskevich A. A. , Karapetyan N. G. , Ruchkin D. V. , Pechetov A. A. , Markov P. V. , Gurmikov B. N. , Irodova N. L. , Gyoletsyan L. G. , Tokmakov E. V. , Galstyan A. V. , Revishvili A. Sh. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of the study. To analyze the long-term results from various strategies of endovascular treatment for coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients concomitant with cancer.Patients and methods. 74 patients with both CAD disease and cancer were treated in A. V. Vishnevskiy National Medical Research Center of Surgery from 01/01/2018 to 12/31/2022. By a multidisciplinary council, patients were divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 39) – staged treatment: percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the first stage, the second is surgical treatment of cancer; group 2 (n = 14) – staged treatment: the first stage was surgical treatment of cancer, and the second stage was PCI; group 3 (n = 21) – PCI and open surgery were performed on the same day.Results. In the immediate period, 3 (4.0 %) deaths were observed: 2 (5.1 %) in group 1, 1 (4.8 %) in group 3, the cause of which was complications arising after oncological surgical interventions. One (2.6 %) patient from group 1 had acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to acute stent thrombosis in the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The patient underwent successful emergency PCI. In the long-term period, 15 (25.4 %) patients died, out of which 11 (18.7 %) from progression of cancer, and 4 (6.7 %) from other causes. Among the major cardiovascular complications, the following were observed: 1 (3.2 %) AMI in group 1 and 1 (7.1 %) in group 2.Conclusion. In the long-term follow-up period, the leading cause of death (73,3 %) was progression of cancer. There were no detected from deaths AMI, which confirms the importance and feasibility of myocardial revascularization in this severe group of patients. PCI in patients with coronary artery disease in combination with cancer allows for effective and safe surgical treatment of malignant pathology without cardiac mortality both in the immediate and long-term follow-up periods.
Urine transcriptomic profile in terms of malignant ovarian tumors
Authors: Kutilin D. S. , Filippov F. E. , Porhanova N. V. , Maksimov A. Yu. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of the study. Bioinformatic search for transcriptomic markers (based on metabolomic data) and their validation in the urine of serous ovarian adenocarcinoma patients.Materials and methods. The study included 70 patients with serous ovarian adenocarcinoma and 30 conditionally healthy individuals. The search for metabolite regulator genes and gene regulator microRNAs was performed using the Random forest machine learning method. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was isolated using the RNeasy Plus Universal Kits. The level of microRNA transcripts in urine was determined by real-time PCR. Differences were assessed using the Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction.Results. Using the Random forest method, metabolite-regulator gene (47 genes) and metabolite-regulator microRNA (613 unique microRNA) relationships were established. The identified microRNAs were validated by real-time PCR. Changes in the levels of microRNA transcripts were detected: miR-382-5p, miR-593-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-2110, miR-30c-5p, miR-181a-5p, let-7b-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-370-3p, miR-6529-5p, miR-653-5p, miR-4742-5p, miR-2467-3p, miR-1909-5p, miR-6743-5p, miR-875-3p, miR-19a-3p, miR-208a-5p, miR-330-5p, miR-1207-5p, miR-4668-3p, miR-3193, miR-23a-3p, miR-12132, miR-765, miR-181b-5p, miR-4529-3p, miR-33b-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-6866-3p, miR-4753-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-491-5p, miR-196b-5p, miR-6843-3p, miR-423-5p and miR-3184-5p in the urine of patients compared to conditionally healthy individuals.Conclusion. Thus, urine transcriptome profiling allowed both to identify potential disease markers and to better understand the molecular mechanisms of changes underlying ovarian cancer development.
Metabolomic profile of malignant ovarian tumors
Authors: Filippov F. E. , Kutilin D. S. , Maksimov A. Yu. , Porkhanova N. V. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of the study. Investigate the metabolomic profile in tissues of patients with serous ovarian adenocarcinoma.Materials and methods. The study included 100 patients with serous ovarian adenocarcinoma. Chromatographic separation of metabolites was performed on a Vanquish Flex UHPLC System chromatograph, which was coupled with an Orbitrap Exploris 480 mass spectrometer. Differences were assessed using the Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction.Results. In ovarian tumor tissue, 20 compounds had abnormal concentrations compared to normal tissue: increased levels of kynurenine, phenylalanylvaline, lysophosphatidylcholine (18:3), lysophosphatidylcholine (18:2), alanylleucine, L-phenylalanine, phosphatidylinositol (34:1), 5-methoxytryptophan, lysophosphatidylcholine (14:0), indoleacrylic acid and decreased levels of myristic acid, decanoylcarnitine, aspartylglycine, malonylcarnitine, 3-methylxanthine, 3-oxododecanoic acid, 2-hydroxymyristic acid, N-acetylproline, L-octanoylcarnitine and capryloylglycine.Conclusion. A significant metabolic imbalance was found in ovarian tumor tissue, expressed in abnormal concentrations of fatty acids and their derivatives, acylcarnitines, amino acids and their derivatives, phospholipids and nitrogenous base derivatives. The concentrations of these 20 metabolites in tissues can serve as diagnostic markers of ovarian cancer. Thus, metabolomic tissue profiling allowed both to identify potential markers of the disease and to better understand the molecular mechanisms of changes underlying the development of this disease.
The Galactic Center in Color: Measuring Extinction with High-proper-motion Stars
Authors: Haggard Zoë , Ghez Andrea M. , Sakai Shoko , Gautam Abhimat K. , Do Tuan , Lu Jessica R. , Hosek Matthew , Morris Mark R. , Granados Sean 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Milky Way’s central parsec is a highly extinguished region with a population of high-proper-motion stars. We have tracked 145 stars for ∼10 yr at wavelengths between 1 and 4 μm to analyze extinction effects in color–magnitude space. Approximately 30% of this sample dims and reddens over the course of years, likely from the motion of sources relative to an inhomogeneous screen of dust. We correct previous measurements of the intrinsic variability fraction for differential extinction effects, resulting in a reduced stellar variability fraction of 34%. The extinction variability subsample shows that the extinguishing material has subarcsecond scales, much smaller variations than previously reported. The observed extinction events imply a typical cross section of 500 au and a density of around 3 × 104 atoms cm−3 for the extinguishing material, which are consistent with measurements of filamentary dust and gas at the Galactic center. Furthermore, given that the stars showing extinction variability tend to be more highly reddened than the rest of the sample, the extinction changes are likely due to material localized to the Galactic center region. We estimate the relative extinction between 1 and 4 μm as

A

H

:

A

K
′

:

A

L
′

=
1.67
±
0.05
:
1
:
0.69
±
0.03

. Our measurement of extinction at longer wavelengths—L’ (3.8 μm)—is inconsistent with recent estimations of the integrated extinction toward the central parsec. One interpretation of this difference is that the dust variations this experiment are sensitive to—which are local to the Galactic center—are dominated by grains of larger radius than the foreground.
Stellar Characterization and Chemical Abundances of Exoplanet-hosting M Dwarfs from APOGEE Spectra: Future JWST Targets
Authors: Melo Edypo , Souto Diogo , Cunha Katia , Smith Verne V. , Wanderley Fábio , Grilo Vinicius , Camara Deusalete , Murta Kely , Hejazi Neda , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Teske Johanna , Luque Rafael , Zhang Michael , Bean Jacob 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Exoplanets hosting M dwarfs are the best targets to characterize Earth-like or super-Earth planetary atmospheres with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We determine detailed stellar parameters (T
eff, logg, and ξ) and individual abundances of 12 elements for four cool M dwarfs hosting exoplanets TOI-1685, GJ 436, GJ 3470, and TOI-2445, scheduled for future observations by the JWST. The analysis utilizes high-resolution near-infrared spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV APOGEE survey between 1.51 and 1.69 μm. Based on 1D LTE plane-parallel models, we find that TOI-2445 is slightly metal poor ([Fe/H] = −0.16 ± 0.09 dex), while TOI-1685, GJ 436, and GJ 3470 are more metal rich ([Fe/H] = 0.06 ± 0.18, 0.10 ± 0.20, and 0.25 ± 0.15 dex, respectively). The derived C/O ratios for TOI-2445, TOI-1685, GJ 436, and GJ 3470 are 0.526 ± 0.027, 0.558 ± 0.097, 0.561 ± 0.029, and 0.638 ± 0.015, respectively. From the results for 28 M dwarfs analyzed homogeneously from Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) spectra, we find exoplanet-hosting M dwarfs exhibit a C/O abundance ratio approximately 0.01–0.05 higher than those with nondetected exoplanets, at limits of a statistically significant offset. A linear regression of the [Fe/H] versus C/O distribution reveals a noticeable difference in the angular coefficient between FGK dwarfs (0.27) and M dwarfs (0.13). Assuming our abundance ratios of Ca/Mg, Si/Mg, Al/Mg, and Fe/Mg, we determine a mass of

3.276

−
0.419

+
0.448

M
⊕ for TOI-2445 b, which has a density (6.793

−
0.099

+
0.005

g cm−3) and core mass fraction (0.329

−
0.049

+
0.028

) very similar to Earth’s. We also present an atlas of 113 well-defined spectral lines to analyze M dwarfs in the H band and a comprehensive evaluation of uncertainties from variations in the atmospheric parameters, signal-to-noise ratio, and pseudocontinuum.
Fundamental Tests of White Dwarf Cooling Physics with Wide Binaries
Authors: Barrientos Manuel , Kilic Mukremin , Bergeron Pierre , Blouin Simon , Brown Warren R. , Andrews Jeff J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present follow-up spectroscopy and a detailed model atmosphere analysis of 29 wide double white dwarfs, including eight systems with a crystallized C/O core member. We use the state-of-the-art evolutionary models to constrain the physical parameters of each star, including the total age. Assuming that the members of wide binaries are coeval, any age difference between the binary members can be used to test the cooling physics for white dwarf stars, including potential delays due to crystallization and 22Ne distillation. We use our control sample of 14 wide binaries with noncrystallized members to show that this method works well; the control sample shows an age difference of only ΔAge = −0.03 ± 0.15 Gyr between its members. For the eight crystallized C/O core systems we find a cooling anomaly of ΔAge =

1.13

−
1.07

+
1.20

Gyr. Even though our results are consistent with a small additional cooling delay (∼1 Gyr) from 22Ne distillation and other neutron-rich impurities, the large uncertainties make this result not statistically significant. Nevertheless, we rule out cooling delays longer than 3.6 Gyr at the 99.7% (3σ) confidence level for 0.6–0.9 M
⊙ white dwarfs. Further progress requires larger samples of wide binaries with crystallized massive white dwarf members. We provide a list of subgiant + white dwarf binaries that could be used for this purpose in the future.
The Detection Prospect of the Counter Jet Radiation in the Late Afterglow of GRB 170817A
Authors: Li Jia-Ning , Wang Yi-Ying , Wang Yun , Jin Zhi-Ping , Covino Stefano , Fan Yi-Zhong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The central engine of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) is widely believed to launch a pair of oppositely moving jets, i.e., the forward jet moving toward us and the counter jet regressing away. The forward jet generates the radiation typically observed in GRBs, while the counter jet has not been detected yet due to its dimness. GRB 170817A, a short burst associated with a binary neutron star merger event, is a nearby event (z = 0.0097) with an off-axis structured energetic forward jet and hence probably the most suitable target for searching the counter jet radiation. Assuming the same properties for the forward and counter jet components as well as the shock parameters, the fit to the multiwavelength afterglow emission of GRB 170817A suggests a peak time ∼quite a few ×103 day of the counter jet radiation, but the detection prospect of this new component is not promising. Anyhow, if the shock parameters (ϵ
e and ϵ
B) of the counter jet component are (a few times) higher than that of the forward shock, e.g., the posterior results of the magnetic energy fraction of the forward shock and the counter jet are

log

10

ϵ

B

=
−

4.23

−
0.69

+
1.42

and

log

1
0

ϵ

B
,
cj

=
−

3.65

−
2.11

+
3.06

, respectively, as still allowed by the current data, the counter jet afterglow emission will be enhanced and hence may be detected. A few hours of exposure by JWST in the F356W band will stringently test such a scenario.
Direct Imaging of a Prolonged Plasma/Current Sheet and Quasiperiodic Magnetic Reconnection on the Sun
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Karpen Judith T. , Yurchyshyn Vasyl , DeVore C. Richard , Antiochos Spiro K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is widely believed to be the fundamental process in the solar atmosphere that underlies magnetic energy release and particle acceleration. This process is responsible for the onset of solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and other explosive events (e.g., jets). Here, we report direct imaging of a prolonged plasma/current sheet along with quasiperiodic magnetic reconnection in the solar corona using ultra-high-resolution observations from the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope at the Big Bear Solar Observatory and the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. The current sheet appeared near a null point in the fan–spine topology and persisted over an extended period (≈20 hr). The length and apparent width of the current sheet were about 6″ and 2″, respectively, and the plasma temperature was ≈10–20 MK. We observed quasiperiodic plasma inflows and outflows (bidirectional jets with plasmoids) at the reconnection site/current sheet. Furthermore, quasiperiodic reconnection at the long-lasting current sheet produced recurrent eruptions (small flares and jets) and contributed significantly to the recurrent impulsive heating of the active region. Direct imaging of a plasma/current sheet and recurrent null-point reconnection for such an extended period has not been reported previously. These unprecedented observations provide compelling evidence that supports the universal model for solar eruptions (i.e., the breakout model) and have implications for impulsive heating of active regions by recurrent reconnection near null points. The prolonged and sustained reconnection for about 20 hr at the breakout current sheet provides new insights into the dynamics and energy release processes in the solar corona.