bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IFNγ‐producing CD4+ T lymphocytes: the double‐edged swords in tuberculosis
Authors: Kumar Pawan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIFNγ‐producing CD4+ T cells (IFNγ+CD4+ T cells) are the key orchestrators of protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Primarily, these cells act by enabling Mtb‐infected macrophages to enforce phagosome‐lysosome fusion, produce reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs), and activate autophagy pathways. However, TB is a heterogeneous disease and a host of clinical and experimental findings has also implicated IFNγ+CD4+ T cells in TB pathogenesis. High frequency of IFNγ+CD4+ T cells is the most invariable feature of the active disease. Active TB patients mount a heightened IFNγ+CD4+ T cell response to mycobacterial antigens and demonstrate an IFNγ‐inducible transcriptomic signature. IFNγ+CD4+ T cells have also been shown to mediate TB‐associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB–IRIS) observed in a subset of antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐treated HIV‐ and Mtb‐coinfected people. The pathological face of IFNγ+CD4+ T cells during mycobacterial infection is further uncovered by studies in the animal model of TB–IRIS and in Mtb‐infected PD‐1−/− mice. This manuscript encompasses the evidence supporting the dual role of IFNγ+CD4+ T cells during Mtb infection and sheds light on immune mechanisms involved in protection versus pathogenesis.
Timing of Aspirin and Other Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use Among Patients With Colorectal Cancer in Relation to Tumor Markers and Survival
Authors: Hua Xinwei , Phipps Amanda I. , Burnett-Hartman Andrea N. , Adams Scott V. , Hardikar Sheetal , Cohen Stacey A. , Kocarnik Jonathan M. , Ahnen Dennis J. , Lindor Noralane M. , Baron John A. , Newcomb Polly A. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose Regular use of aspirin is associated with improved survival for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the timing of and the subtype of CRC that would benefit the most from using aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in relation to survival is unclear. Patients and Methods In all, 2,419 patients age 18 to 74 years with incident invasive CRC who were diagnosed from 1997 to 2008 were identified from population-based cancer registries in the United States, Canada, and Australia. Detailed epidemiologic questionnaires were administered at study enrollment and at 5-year follow-up. Survival outcomes were completed through linkage to national death registries. BRAF- and KRAS-mutation status, microsatellite instability, and CpG island methylator phenotype were also evaluated. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for overall survival (OS) and CRC-specific survival. Results After a median of 10.8 years of follow-up since diagnosis, 381 deaths (100 as a result of CRC) were observed. Compared with nonusers, postdiagnostic aspirin-only users had more favorable OS (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.95) and CRC-specific survival (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.71), especially among those who initiated aspirin use (OS: HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.86; CRC-specific survival: HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.80). The association between any NSAID use after diagnosis and OS differed significantly by KRAS-mutation status ( Pinteraction = .01). Use of any NSAID after diagnosis was associated with improved OS only among participants with KRAS wild-type tumors (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.80) but not among those with KRAS-mutant tumors (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.96). Conclusion Among long-term CRC survivors, regular use of NSAIDs after CRC diagnosis was significantly associated with improved survival in individuals with KRAS wild-type tumors.
Labor Analgesia Onset With Dural Puncture Epidural Versus Traditional Epidural Using a 26-Gauge Whitacre Needle and 0.125% Bupivacaine Bolus: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Wilson Sylvia H. , Wolf Bethany J. , Bingham Kayla , Scotland Quiana S. , Fox John M. , Woltz Erick M. , Hebbar Latha 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND:
Lumbar epidurals (LEs) provide excellent analgesia. Combined spinal epidural and dural puncture epidural (DPE) are 2 techniques to expedite neuraxial analgesia onset. In DPE, dura is punctured but medication is not administered in the cerebrospinal fluid. Expedited analgesia onset has been demonstrated with DPE, using 0.25% bupivacaine; however, this concentration may impede an unassisted vaginal birth and is not currently used for induction and maintenance of labor analgesia. The primary goal of this study was to compare the percentage of patients who achieved adequate labor analgesia following DPE or LE with an epidural bolus of 0.125% bupivacaine. Adequate labor analgesia was defined as Visual Analog Scale (VAS) measurement ≤ 10 mm on a 100-mm scale during active contractions, measured 10 minutes after epidural bolus initiation.

METHODS:
Laboring patients were randomly assigned to receive LE or DPE. Immediately before epidural placement, subjects marked a VAS score during an active contraction and parturients with VAS < 50 mm were excluded. The epidural space was identified by a loss of resistance technique to saline (17G Tuohy needle [Arrow International, Inc, Redding, PA]). In the DPE group, dura was punctured with a 26G Whitacre needle (Arrow International, Inc). In all participants, a 19G epidural catheter (Arrow International, Inc) was inserted. An epidural bolus was then administered over 3 minutes (12 mL, 0.125% bupivacaine, 50 μg fentanyl) followed by infusion (0.1% bupivacaine, 2 μg/mL fentanyl). After initiation of epidural bolus (time zero), VAS measurements were collected at 2-minute intervals for up to 20 minutes. Median time to achieve adequate analgesia by treatment group was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Time to achieving adequate analgesia was evaluated using a Cox regression model. All analyses were conducted in SAS version 9.4. (SAS Institute, Cary, NC)

RESULTS:
Data were analyzed from 80 participants (40 per group). Adequate analgesia at 10 minutes did not differ by neuraxial technique (DPE = 55.3% vs LE = 44.7%; P= .256). However, parturients receiving DPE had shorter median times to adequate analgesia (median [95% confidence interval], 8 minutes [6–10] vs 10 minutes [8–14]) and a 67% increase in the relative risk of achieving adequate analgesia compared to LE (relative risk = 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–2.64; P= .042).

CONCLUSIONS:
Although the percentage of parturients achieving adequate labor analgesia at 10 minutes after epidural bolus did not differ by technique, DPE was associated with faster time to VAS ≤ 10 mm compared with LE.
Rapid RHD Zygosity Determination Using Digital PCR
Authors: Sillence Kelly A , Halawani Amr J , Tounsi Wajnat A , Clarke Kirsty A , Kiernan Michele , Madgett Tracey E , Avent Neil D 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Paternal zygosity testing is used for determining homo- or hemizygosity of RHD in pregnancies that are at a risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. At present, this is achieved by using real-time PCR or the Rhesus box PCR, which can be difficult to interpret and unreliable, particularly for black African populations.

METHODS
DNA samples extracted from 53 blood donors were analyzed using 2 multiplex reactions for RHD-specific targets against a reference (AGO1)2 to determine gene dosage by digital PCR. Results were compared with serological data, and the correct genotype for 2 discordant results was determined by long-range PCR (LR-PCR), next-generation sequencing, and conventional Sanger sequencing.

RESULTS
The results showed clear and reliable determination of RHD zygosity using digital PCR and revealed that 4 samples did not match the serologically predicted genotype. Sanger sequencing and long-range PCR followed by next-generation sequencing revealed that the correct genotypes for samples 729M and 351D, which were serologically typed as R1R2 (DCe/DcE), were R2r′ (DcE/dCe) for 729M and R1r″ (DCe/dcE), R0ry (Dce/dCE), or RZr (DCE/dce) for 351D, in concordance with the digital PCR data.

CONCLUSIONS
Digital PCR provides a highly accurate method to rapidly define blood group zygosity and has clinical application in the analysis of Rh phenotyped or genotyped samples. The vast majority of current blood group genotyping platforms are not designed to define zygosity, and thus, this technique may be used to define paternal RH zygosity in pregnancies that are at a risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn and can distinguish between homo- and hemizygous RHD-positive individuals.
Impacto del turismo y del modelo neoliberal en las transformaciones urbanas de ciudades menores: el caso de Monte Hermoso, Buenos Aires. Argentina // Impact of tourism and the neoliberal model in the urban transformations of smaller cities: The case of Monte Hermoso, Buenos Aires. Argentina
Authors: Espasa Lorena , Fittipaldi Rosa Ángela , Michalijos Maria Paula 
Published: June 2017

Los efectos territoriales de los procesos de reestructuración capitalista no son exclusivos de las grandes áreas metropolitanas, se evidencian también en pequeños espacios urbanos. Es el caso de las localidades turísticas de la Costa Atlántica Bonaerense de Argentina, dónde la velocidad de los cambios y la aceleración de las transformaciones están conformando territorios inestables, es decir, escenarios geográficos en los que se perciben mutaciones continuas como producto de la implantación del modelo neoliberal y de las nuevas tendencias que asume el turismo en este contexto. El objetivo consiste en analizar los procesos de transformación territorial y sus consecuencias en Monte Hermoso. Para ello se realizaron sucesivos trabajos de campo y se aplicaron técnicas de reconstrucción espacial por períodos para la elaboración de cartografía representativa de las transformaciones urbanas mencionadas. Los resultados de la investigación demuestran que los cambios favorecen a determinados sectores de la trama urbana, destinados al turismo neoexclusivo, generando una fragmentación del espacio en relación a las áreas que parecen no responder a las lógicas del capitalismo actual.
Perbandingan Hasil Pemodelan Aliran Satu Dimensi Unsteady Flow dan Steady Flow pada Banjir Kota
Authors: Tigor Oktaga Andreas , Suripin Suripin , Darsono Suseno 
Published: June 2017

One dimensional flow is often used as a flood simulation for the planning capacity of the river. Flood is a type of unsteady non-uniform flow, that can be simulated using HEC-RAS. HEC-RAS software is often used for flood modeling with a one-dimensional flow method. Unsteady flow modeling results in HEC-RAS sometimes refer to error and warning due to unstable analysis program. The stability program among others influenced bend in the river flow, the steep slope of the river bottom, and changes in cross-section shape. Because the flood handling required maximum discharge and maximum flood water level, then a steady flow is often used as an alternative to simulate the flood flow. This study aimed to determine the advantages and disadvantages of modeling unsteady non-uniform and steady non-uniform flow. The research location in the Kanal Banjir Barat, in the Semarang City. Hydraulics modeling uses HEC-RAS 4.1 and for discharge the plan is obtained from the HEC-HMS 3.5. Results of the comparison modeling hydraulics the modeling of steady non-uniform flow has a tendency water level is higher and modeling of unsteady non-uniform flow takes longer to analyze. Results of the comparison the average flood water level maximun is less than 15% (± 0,3 meters), that is 0.27 meters (13.16%) for Q50, 0.25 meters (11.56%) for Q100, dan 0.16 meters (4.73%) for Q200. So the modeling steady non-uniform flow can still be used as a companion version the modeling unsteady non-uniform flow.
Kinerja Model Fisik Konverter Energi Ombak Rangkaian Gear Searah pada Periode Ombak yang Bervariasi
Authors: Muchtar Masjono , Manjang Salama , Suriamiharja Dadang A , Thaha M Arsyad 
Published: June 2017

To date there were few research on the effect of non-linearity properties of the ocean waves on the performance of wave energy converter (WEC), which uses a series of unidirectional gear. One such parameter is the variation of wave period. The influence of wave period variations on the performance of physical model of the wave energy converters have been investigated at the Hydraulics Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Hasanuddin University Indonesia. This WEC physical model was fabricated and assembled at Politeknik ATI Makassar Indonesia. The investigation steps consists of physical model development, physical model investigation at wave flume prior to the wave period variation, measuring input output parameters of the physical model under test and empirical model formulation based on observed data analysis. Physical model test carried out on the wave flume at the Hydraulics Laboratory of the Department of Civil Hasanuddin University, at a water depth of 25 cm, wave height between 5-9 cm and wave period between 1.2 - 2.2 seconds. Investigation result based on flywheel radial speed (RPM) and torque (Nm) indicated that calculated harvested power was inversely proportional with the wave period. The longer the period of the waves, the energy produced is getting smaller. The derived empirical formula was y = -85.598x + 208.53 and R² = 0.8881. Y is energy produced (Watt) and X is the wave period (Second). Formulations generated from this study could be used as a reference for future research in dealing with wave period variations on a design one way gear wave energy converter as a source of renewable energy.
Pemanfaatan Katalis Alumina Bekas Sebagai Bahan Pengisi Cat
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto , Amrulloh B. , Syahzaeni T. 
Published: June 2017

Pemanfaatan limbah menjadi produk yang berguna merupakan salah satu upaya pengelolaan limbah industry. Katalis alumina bekas yang mengandung komponen utama Al2O3 dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pengisi cat besi. Pengetahuan ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui binder dan komposisi cat yang relatif baik dengan menggunakan bahan pengisi katalis alumina bekas.Bahan baku cat berupa binder alkid resin dan nitroselulosa, pelarut butyl asetat, zat pewarna biru Prussian blue, dan zat berwarna merah Red Iron Oxide, dan sebagai bahan pengisi digunakan serbuk katalis alumina bekas. Pembuatan cat dilakukan pada suatu reaktor ybg dilengkapi dengan pengaduk. Bahan-bahan baku dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor dan dilakukan pengadukan sampai homogeny. Uji produk cat yang dilakukan berupa pengukuran berat jenis, warna, ketahanan terhadap cuaca, waktu pengeringan dan keadaan dalam wadah penyimpanan. Hasil uji dan pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa serbuk katalis bekas dapat sebagai bahan pengisi cat,dengan komposisi berkisar 20 persen menggunakan binder dan alkid resin. Kata kunci : pemanfaatan limbah, katalis bejas, cat besi
Fault Analysis Of Process System Using Multi Block Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Sasongko S. B. , Ibrahim K. A. , Ahmad A. 
Published: June 2017

This research looks into the issues of the quality improvement based on process control instead of product control using multivariate statistical process contro. A deterministic model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM-FC) power plant was used as a case study to represent a multi variable or mukti equipment system. A three-step approach is proposed which can be classified into fault detection, fault isolation, and faulr diagnosis. The fault detection and the isolation utilize the multivariate analysis and yhe contro chart method , which uses the series multi-block principal component analysis of extended of PCA method. The series block principal component abalysis is solved using the non linear iteration partial least squares (NIPALS) algorithm. The SB-PCA can advangeouly incorporate the control chart, namely, T2 Hotelling control chart. In the fault diagnosis chart, the normalized variable method was successfully applied in this study with promising results. As a conclution, the result of this study demonstrated the potentials of multivariate statistical process control in solving fault detection and diagnosis problem for multi variable and multi equipment system.Keywords : statistical process control, principal component, fault analysis
Demulsifier Selection Based On The Evaluation Of Demulsification Performance Indicators
Authors: Pramudono B. , Mat H. B. 
Published: June 2017

A method for characterizing and selecting demulsifiers has been developed. The development was based on either the relationships between the demulsification parameters and demulsifier performance or demulsifier characteristics and demulsifier performance. The importance of each of these parameters to performance was discussed. The result was eight demulsification performance indicators consisting of the percentage of water separation, percentage of oil separation, demulsification efficiency, demulsification effectiveness, partition coefficient, interfacial pressure, interfacial activity, and Hydrophilic Balance (HLB). Quantification of the indicators conducted by determination of the performance indexes for each indicator. It was obtained from the condition that the demulsifier exhibits good performance. Additionally, the study found a correlation between the parameters it self. The demulsifier effectiveness as well as the interfacial pressure reaches a maximum value when the partition coefficient closed unity. Increasing of the interfacial pressure, in consequence, will increase both the demulsifier effectiveness and interfacial activity. The effect of both the HLB and molecular weight on the percentage of separation indicates a weak correlation.Keywords :A method for characterizing and selecting demulsifiers has been developed. The development was based on either the relationships between the demulsification parameters and demulsifier performance or demulsifier characteristics and demulsifier performance. The importance of each of these parameters to performance was discussed. The result was eight demulsification performance indicators consisting of the percentage of water separation, percentage of oil separation, demulsification efficiency, demulsification effectiveness, partition coefficient, interfacial pressure, interfacial activity, and Hydrophilic Balance (HLB). Quantification of the indicators conducted by determination of the performance indexes for each indicator. It was obtained from the condition that the demulsifier exhibits good performance. Additionally, the study found a correlation between the parameters it self. The demulsifier effectiveness as well as the interfacial pressure reaches a maximum value when the partition coefficient closed unity. Increasing of the interfacial pressure, in consequence, will increase both the demulsifier effectiveness and interfacial activity. The effect of both the HLB and molecular weight on the percentage of separation indicates a weak correlation.Keywords : Chemical demulsifier, demulsifier performance, demulsification parameters, performance index
Model Pola Alir Fasa Cair Dalam Reaktor Trickle Bed Dengan Packing Karbon Aktif
Authors: Mahfud Mahfud , Husodo F. 
Published: June 2017

Unjuk kerja dari reaktor trickle bed tidak hanya dipengaruhioleh kinetika reaksi, melainkan juga oleh faktor perpindahan massa dan hidroninamikanya. Salah satu faktor hidrodinamika yang penting adalah pola alir dalam reaktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pola alir fasa cair dalam reaktortrickel bed dan memodelkan alirannya untuk berbagai kondisi operasi (laju alir gas dan laju alir cairan). Reaktor trickle bed yang digunakan dalm percobaan ini terdiri dari kolom acrylic yang berdiameter dalam 4,8. 10-2 m dengan tinggi 7.10-2 m dengan menggunakan packing karbon aktif granular (drata-rata = 0,476 cm). Kondisi operasinya adalah laju alir gas antara 1,33- 2,4. 10-4 m3/s, laju alir cairan antara 1,2-2,37. 10-5 m3/s, tekanan atmosferik dan suhu kamar (29 0C). Metode stimulus response digunakan untuk memperoleh distribusi waktu tinggal dengan menggunakan laruan NaCl sebagai pelacak yang diinjeksikan secara pulse pada bagian masuk reaktor dan konsentrasi keluar reaktor diukur dengan menggunakan konduktometer. Kurva distribusi waktu tinggal yang diperoleh dicocokkan dengan model dispersed plug-flow dan model tanki seri, dengan bilangan disperse (D/μL) dan bilangan tanki (N) sebagai parameter model. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa distribusi waktu tinggal sangat dipengaruhi oleh laju alir cairan dan sedikit dipengaruhi laju alir gas dalam reaktor. Kedua model menunjukkn kecocokan dengan data percobaan, namun model tanki seri lebih baik. Harga bilangan disperse (D/μL) yang diperoleh dalam reaktor ini berkisar 0,075-0,104 dan bilangan tanki seri (N) berkisar antara 5,4-7,2; yang menunjukkan bahwa reaktor tersebut tidak berada dalam pola alir ideal (plugflow atau mixedflow). Bilangan disperse menurun secara signifikan dengan meningkatnya laju alir cairan, tetapi sedikit dengan lajualir gas.Kata kunci : reaktor trickle bed, pola alir, disperse plug flow, tanki seri
Vegetable Oils as Metal Quenchants: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Simencio Otero R. L. , Canale L. C. F. , Totten G. E. , Meekisho L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThere is an ongoing interest in the development and use of renewable base stocks to formulate quenchants. The most common criterion of vegetable oils as renewable base stocks is their biodegradability and that they be non-toxic. A comprehensive overview of all aspects of vegetable oils that impacts their potential for commercial use is provided. Topics discussed include: vegetable oil structure, processing, physical properties, classification, biodegradation and toxicity; oxidation and inhibition; wetting and wetting kinematics; and applications. As a class, vegetable oil-based quenchant formulations reported in the literature to date exhibit a number of disadvantages, the most notable being their relatively poor thermal-oxidative stability in comparison with petroleum oil-based quenchants in use. Potential pathways to vegetable oil-based fluid compositions that may rival the thermal-oxidative stability of many petroleum oil-based quenchants were introduced.
ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРИКЛАДНИЙ АНАЛІЗ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ І ЗАРУБІЖНИХ УЧЕНИХ
Authors: Kinash I.P. , Senychak V.V. 
Published: June 2017

Стаття здійснює аналіз культурної політики в наукових дослідженнях вітчизняних і зарубіжних учених. З’ясовано, що в різних країнах світу вона є складовою соціальної політики та важливим інструментом розвитку. Визначено роль культури як потужного засобу консолідації суспільства, утвердження національної самосвідомості й патріотизму. Запропоновано в сучасних умовах розвитку України реалізовувати мету культурної політики через ідею національно-культурного відродження та відновлення єдності держави.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Levandivskyi O.T. 
Published: June 2017

У статті досліджено підходи економістів до визначення головної мети інвестиційної діяльності. У ґенезі цієї проблеми показано три основні підходи. Наголошується, що сучасна інвестиційна діяльність тісно пов'язана і погоджена з економічною політикою. Також, розглядаються два основні цикли інвестиційного процесу.
Виділяються основні концепції, які в даний час активно використовуються в інвестиційному менеджменті як методичний інструментарій вирішення прикладних завдань. Показано, які елементи входять в структуру механізму інвестиційного менеджменту.
Наголошується, що система інвестиційного менеджменту реалізує свою головну мету та основні завдання шляхом здійснення певних функцій. Ці функції поділяються на дві основні групи, обумовлені комплексним змістом розглянутої системи управління інвестиційною діяльністю.