bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Lyman alpha pressure on metal-poor dwarf galaxies
Authors: Kimm Taysun , Haehnelt Martin , Blaizot Jérémy , Katz Harley , Michel-Dansac Léo , Garel Thibault , Rosdahl Joakim , Teyssier Romain 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the origin of strong galactic outflows and the suppression of star formation in dwarf galaxies is a key problem in galaxy formation. Using a set of radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of an isolated dwarf galaxy embedded in a 1010 M⊙ halo, we show that the momentum transferred from resonantly scattered Lyman-α (Lyα) photons is an important source of stellar feedback which can shape the evolution of galaxies. We find that Lyα feedback suppresses star formation by a factor of two in metal-poor galaxies by regulating the dynamics of star-forming clouds before the onset of supernova explosions (SNe). This is possible because each Lyα photon resonantly scatters and imparts ∼10–300 times greater momentum than in the single scattering limit. Consequently, the number of star clusters predicted in the simulations is reduced by a factor of ∼5, compared to the model without the early feedback. More importantly, we find that galactic outflows become weaker in the presence of strong Lyα radiation feedback, as star formation and associated SNe become less bursty. We also examine a model in which radiation field is arbitrarily enhanced by a factor of up to 10, and reach the same conclusion. The typical mass-loading factors in our metal-poor dwarf system are estimated to be ∼5–10 near the mid-plane, while it is reduced to ∼1 at larger radii. Finally, we find that the escape of ionizing radiation and hence the reionization history of the Universe is unlikely to be strongly affected by Lyα feedback.
Feasibility and Effectiveness of Continuing Methadone Maintenance Treatment During Incarceration Compared With Forced Withdrawal
Authors: Moore Kelly E. , Oberleitner Lindsay , Smith Kathryn M.Z. , Maurer Kathleen , McKee Sherry A. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is underutilized in correctional settings, and those receiving MMT in the community often undergo withdrawal upon incarceration. Federal and state regulations present barriers to providing methadone in correctional facilities. For this investigation, a community provider administered methadone to inmates who had been receiving methadone prior to incarceration. We hypothesized that inmates continued on MMT would have improved behavior during incarceration and post-release.

Methods:
This open-label quasi-experimental trial (n = 382) compared MMT continuation throughout incarceration (n = 184) to an administrative control group (ie, forced withdrawal; n = 198) on disciplinary tickets and other program attendance during incarceration. Post-release, re-engagement in community-based MMT and 6-month recidivism outcomes were evaluated.

Results:
Inmates in the MMT continuation group versus controls were less likely to receive disciplinary tickets (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32) but no more likely to attend other programs while incarcerated. MMT continuation increased engagement with a community MMT provider within 1 day of release (OR  = 32.04), and 40.6% of MMT participants re-engaged within the first 30 days (vs 10.1% of controls). Overall, re-engagement in MMT was not associated with recidivism. However, among a subset of inmates who received MMT post-incarceration from the jail MMT provider (n = 69), re-engagement with that provider was associated with reduced risk of arrest, new charges, and re-incarceration compared with those who did not re-engage.

Conclusions:
Results support interventions that facilitate continuity of MMT during and after incarceration. Engagement of a community provider is feasible and can improve access to methadone in correctional facilities.
Multicohort Analysis of Whole-Blood Gene Expression Data Does Not Form a Robust Diagnostic for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Sweeney Timothy E. , Thomas Neal J. , Howrylak Judie A. , Wong Hector R. , Rogers Angela J. , Khatri Purvesh 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:To identify a novel, generalizable diagnostic for acute respiratory distress syndrome using whole-blood gene expression arrays from multiple acute respiratory distress syndrome cohorts of varying etiologies.Data Sources:We performed a systematic search for human whole-blood gene expression arrays of acute respiratory distress syndrome in National Institutes of Health Gene Expression Omnibus and ArrayExpress. We also included the Glue Grant gene expression cohorts.Study Selection:We included investigator-defined acute respiratory distress syndrome within 48 hours of diagnosis and compared these with relevant critically ill controls.Data Extraction:We used multicohort analysis of gene expression to identify genes significantly associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, both with and without adjustment for clinical severity score. We performed gene ontology enrichment using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and cell type enrichment tests for both immune cells and pneumocyte gene expression. Finally, we selected a gene set optimized for diagnostic power across the datasets and used leave-one-dataset-out cross validation to assess robustness of the model.Data Synthesis:We identified datasets from three adult cohorts with sepsis, one pediatric cohort with acute respiratory failure, and two datasets of adult patients with trauma and burns, for a total of 148 acute respiratory distress syndrome cases and 268 critically ill controls. We identified 30 genes that were significantly associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (false discovery rate < 20% and effect size >1.3), many of which had been previously associated with sepsis. When metaregression was used to adjust for clinical severity scores, none of these genes remained significant. Cell type enrichment was notable for bands and neutrophils, suggesting that the gene expression signature is one of acute inflammation rather than lung injury per se. Finally, an attempt to develop a generalizable diagnostic gene set for acute respiratory distress syndrome showed a mean area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of only 0.63 on leave-one-dataset-out cross validation.Conclusions:The whole-blood gene expression signature across a wide clinical spectrum of acute respiratory distress syndrome is likely confounded by systemic inflammation, limiting the utility of whole-blood gene expression studies for uncovering a generalizable diagnostic gene signature.
Histologic and Clinical Changes in Vulvovaginal Tissue After Treatment With a Transcutaneous Temperature-Controlled Radiofrequency Device
Authors: Vanaman Wilson Monique J. , Bolton Joanna , Jones Isabela T. , Wu Douglas C. , Calame Antoanella , Goldman Mitchel P. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND
Although transcutaneous temperature-controlled radiofrequency (TTCRF) may effectively treat vulvovaginal laxity (VVL), atrophic vaginitis (AV), orgasmic dysfunction (OD), and stress urinary incontinence (SUI), there is a lack of histopathologic evidence to validate its use.

OBJECTIVE
Evaluate clinical and histological changes induced by vulvovaginal TTCRF.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a prospective, nonrandomized trial. Ten female subjects with mild-to-moderate VVL, with or without AV, OD, and/or SUI underwent 3 TTCRFs at 4-week intervals. Five subjects underwent pre- and post-treatment biopsies of the labia majora and vaginal canal for histology. Assessments were performed at baseline and Days 10, 30, 60, and 120.

RESULTS
Investigator-rated VVL improved significantly from baseline to Day 10, with improvement maintained through Day 120 (p = .001 and .001, respectively). Sexual satisfaction improved significantly by Day 60 (p = .001). Improvement in AV reached significance at Day 120 (p = .048). Although OD and SUI improved steadily, the difference in improvement did not reach statistical significance. Histology revealed that post-treatment increases in collagen, elastin, vascularity, and small nerve fibers.

CONCLUSION
Transcutaneous temperature-controlled RF resulted in significant improvements in AV, VVL, and sexual satisfaction with milder improvements in OD and SUI. Post-treatment histology demonstrated neocollagenesis, neoelastogenesis, neoangiogenesis, and the first reported finding of TTCRF-related neurogenesis.
Effect of Age at Vaccination on Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness in Bolivian Infants
Authors: Burke Rachel M. , Tate Jacqueline E. , Pringle Kimberly D. , Patel Manish , De Oliveira Lucia H. , Parashar Umesh D. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Rotavirus vaccines are less effective in developing countries versus developed countries. One hypothesis for this difference in performance is that higher levels of maternal antibodies in developing countries may interfere with vaccine response, suggesting that delayed dosing could be beneficial. The present analysis aims to assess whether rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE) varies by age at vaccination during routine use in Bolivia.

Methods:
Data were merged from 2 postlicensure evaluations of monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1) in Bolivia, where 2 doses of RV1 are recommended at 2 and 4 months of age. For each dose, children were classified as receiving each dose “early,” “on-time” or “late.” Stratified unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate VE, using unvaccinated children as the referent. VE was calculated as (1 – odds ratio) × 100%. Models were adjusted for hospital, age and time since RV1 introduction (via including terms for month and year of birth).

Results:
VE for 2 doses of RV1 tended to be higher in infants receiving the first dose early (VE, 92%; 95% confidence interval: 70%–98%), when compared with infants receiving their first dose on-time [72% (62%–81%)] or late [68% (51%–79%)]. Estimates of VE were not substantially different when comparing children by age at second dose [early: VE, 76% (50%–89%); on-time: VE, 70% (50%–89%); late: VE, 75% (60%, 84%)], including all children.

Conclusions:
Our results indicate that early administration may improve VE and support the current World Health Organization recommendations for the RV1 schedule.
Concurrent Versus Sequential Intrapleural Instillation of Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Deoxyribonuclease for Pleural Infection
Authors: Kheir Fayez , Cheng George , Rivera Estefania , Folch Alejandro , Folch Erik , Fernandez-Bussy Sebastian , Keyes Colleen , Parikh Mihir , Channick Colleen , Chee Alex , Majid Adnan 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Treatment of pleural infection with instillation of sequential intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and human recombinant deoxyribonuclease (DNase) twice daily for a total of 6 doses has been shown to decrease surgical referral and improve radiographic imaging. This labor-intensive regimen was empirically chosen. Thus, it remains unclear whether the 2 drugs can be administered immediately one after the other (concurrent administration) instead of instilling them separately with a 1-hour to 2-hour interval in between (sequential administration). The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of sequential versus concurrent tPA/DNase therapy in patients with pleural infection.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational study. Consecutive patients with pleural infection who received concurrent and sequential tPA/DNase were included. The initiation and number of doses of tPA/DNase therapy were based on the amount of pleural fluid drainage, clinical response and radiographic findings.

Results:
A total of 38 patients with pleural infection received tPA/DNase treatment: 18 in the sequential group and 20 in the concurrent group. Treatment was successful in 77.7% in the sequential group and 75% in concurrent group (P=0.57). There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 treatment groups (sequential and concurrent) in median pleural fluid drainage (P=0.45), median volume of pleural effusion estimated on chest computed tomography scan (P=0.4) or median hemithorax occupied by effusion on chest radiography (P=0.83) following intrapleural therapy. One patient required a blood transfusion for gradual pleural blood loss in each treatment group. Pain needing escalation of analgesia affected 3 patients in each arm but none required cessation of therapy.

Conclusion:
A simpler regimen of concurrent administration of intrapleural tPA/DNase as compared with sequential intrapleural therapy is safe, effective, and represents a viable option for the management of pleural infection.
Elevated Level of Myeloperoxidase-Deoxyribonucleic Acid Complex in the Middle Ear Fluid Obtained From Patients With Otitis Media Associated With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis
Authors: Morita Shinya , Nakamaru Yuji , Nakazawa Daigo , Hattanda Fumihiko , Shida Haruki , Kusunoki Yoshihiro , Watanabe Kanako , Masuda Sakiko , Takagi Dai , Suzuki Masanobu , Hoshino Kimiko , Fukuda Atsushi , Tomaru Utano , Homma Akihiro , Ishizu Akihiro 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
The purpose was to explore the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) complex as a surrogate marker of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the middle ear fluid, and to clarify the correlation between its quantifiable level and hearing outcome in patients with otitis media associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV).

Study Design:
Prospective study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Nine AAV patients presenting with otitis media.

Intervention:
Collection of the fluid samples from middle ear.

Main Outcome Measure:
The quantifiable levels of MPO-DNA complex using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
The quantifiable levels of MPO-DNA complex in patients with AAV were significantly higher than those in controls (p < 0.001). In particular, both ANCA-positive and -negative cases indicated higher levels of MPO-DNA complex compared with the controls (p = 0.004 and p = 0.006, respectively). The significant negative correlations were observed between the level of MPO-DNA complex and the functional hearing values for air (r = −0.82, p = 0.009) and bone conduction (r = −0.73, p = 0.028), respectively.

Conclusion:
This analysis is the first to reveal the presence of elevated levels of MPO-DNA complex in the middle ear fluid, suggesting the pathogenic role of NETs in otitis media associated with AAV. NETs may be a valuable biomarker for use in clinical decision-making and predicting hearing outcome, regardless of ANCA status.
Caffeine controversies
Authors: Gentle Samuel J. , Travers Colm P. , Carlo Waldemar A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose of review
Caffeine use in preterm infants has endured several paradigms: from standard of care to possible neurotoxin to one of the few medications for which there is evidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) risk reduction. The purpose of the review is to analyze this dynamic trajectory and discuss controversies that still remain after decades of caffeine use.

Recent findings
Following concerns for caffeine safety in preterm infants, a large randomized controlled trial demonstrated a reduction in BPD and treatment for patent ductus arteriosus. The lower rate of death or neurodevelopmental impairment noted at 18–21 months was not statistically different at later timepoints; however, infants in the caffeine group had lower rates of motor impairment at 11-year follow-up. The time of caffeine therapy initiation is now substantially earlier, and doses used are sometimes higher that previously used, but there are limited data to support these practices.

Summary
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity (AOP) remains one of the pillars of neonatal care, although more evidence to support dosing and timing of initiation and discontinuation are needed.
Pursuing Normality
Authors: Madsen Louise S. , Handberg Charlotte 
Published: January 2018

Background
The present study explored the reflections on cancer survivorship care of lymphoma survivors in active treatment. Lymphoma survivors have survivorship care needs, yet their participation in cancer survivorship care programs is still reported as low.

Objective
The aim of this study was to understand the reflections on cancer survivorship care of lymphoma survivors to aid the future planning of cancer survivorship care and overcome barriers to participation.

Methods
Data were generated in a hematological ward during 4 months of ethnographic fieldwork, including participant observation and 46 semistructured interviews with 9 lymphoma survivors. Interpretive description methodology and social practice theory guided the analytical framework.

Results
“Pursuing normality” was an overall finding and was comprised of 2 overarching patterns, “future prospects” and “survivorship care perceptions,” both implying an influence on whether to participate in cancer survivorship care programs. Because of “pursuing normality,” 8 of 9 participants opted out of cancer survivorship care programming due to prospects of “being cured” and perceptions of cancer survivorship care as “a continuation of the disease.”

Conclusion
The findings add to our understanding of possible barriers for participation in cancer survivorship care and outline important aspects to account for in the practice of health professionals.

Implications for Practice
The study findings may guide practice to establish a systematic approach for providing information to cancer survivors regarding the possible management of their symptoms and of the content and purpose of cancer survivorship care.
Massively parallel interrogation of protein fragment secretability using SECRiFY reveals features influencing secretory system transit
Authors: Boone M. , Ramasamy P. , Zuallaert J. , Bouwmeester R. , Van Moer B. , Maddelein D. , Turan D. , Hulstaert N. , Eeckhaut H. , Vandermarliere E. , Martens L. , Degroeve S. , De Neve W. , Vranken W. , Callewaert N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhile transcriptome- and proteome-wide technologies to assess processes in protein biogenesis are now widely available, we still lack global approaches to assay post-ribosomal biogenesis events, in particular those occurring in the eukaryotic secretory system. We here developed a method, SECRiFY, to simultaneously assess the secretability of >105 protein fragments by two yeast species, S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris, using custom fragment libraries, surface display and a sequencing-based readout. Screening human proteome fragments with a median size of 50 - 100 amino acids, we generated datasets that enable datamining into protein features underlying secretability, revealing a striking role for intrinsic disorder and chain flexibility. SECRiFY is the first methodology that generates sufficient amounts of annotated data for advanced machine learning methods to deduce secretability predictors. The finding that secretability is indeed a learnable feature of protein sequences is of significant impact in the broad area of recombinant protein expression and de novo protein design.
Pulsed ELDOR Measurement of the Distance Between a Spin-Label and Copper (II) Centre in the Copper Loaded R48C Mutant of N. gonorrhoeae Ferric Binding Protein
Authors: Bawn Matt , Bradley Justin , MacMillan Fraser 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDistance determination in proteins and biomolecules using pulsed EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) techniques is becoming an increasingly popular and accessible technique. PELDOR (pulsed electron-electron double resonance), is a technique designed for distance determination over a nanoscopic scale. Here, ferric binding protein (Fbp) is used to demonstrate the practicability of this technique to Cu (II) Metalloproteins. PELDOR is usually applied to bi-radicals or endogenous radicals, and distance determination using pulsed EPR of metal containing centres in biomolecules has been restricted to relaxation experiments. PELDOR distance measurements between a Cu (II) ion and a nitroxide have previously only been reported for model compounds [1, 2].Fbp as the name suggests usually, contains a Fe (III) ion centre. For the purposes of this investigation the Fe (III) ion was removed and replaced by a Cu (II) ion, after a nitroxide spin-label was added to the Fbp using of site directed spin-labelling (SDSL). PELDOR was then applied to measure the distance between the two centres.Simulation methods were then employed to fully investigate these data and allow a quantitative interpretation of the copper nitroxide PELDOR data. The observed PELDOR time traces were analysed using DEER analysis[3].
Loss of mitochondrial SIRT4 shortens lifespan and leads to a decline in physical activity
Authors: Parik Sweta , Tewary Sandipan , Ayyub Champakali , Kolthur-Seetharam Ullas 
Published: January 2018

SummaryMitochondrial mechanisms and pathways have recently emerged as critical determinants of organismal aging. While nuclear sirtuins have been shown to regulate aging, whether mitochondrial sirtuins do so is still unclear. Here, we report that mitochondrial dSirt4 mediates organismal survival. We establish that absence of dSirt4 leads to reduced lifespan independent of dietary inputs. Further by assaying locomotion, a key correlate of aging, we demonstrate that dSirt4 null flies are severely physically impaired with a significant reduction in locomotion. In summary, we report for the first time that mitochondrial dSirt4 is a key determinant of longevity and its loss leads to early aging.
Cultural influences on the design and management of transnational higher education programs in China
Authors: He Lan , Liu Ersi 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the influence of cultural differences on the design and management of two franchise programs and one joint degree program run by a Chinese university in partnership with a British university and a French university. The cross-cultural challenges and the differences in the strategies taken by the managers in both types of program to deal with such challenges are analyzed. The frameworks for such strategies are also proposed.

Design/methodology/approach
A case study approach was used for the analysis. Participatory observation and interview were adopted to collect information in combination with the written reports on the programs. The interviewees included managers, faculty members, and students. Thematic analysis was conducted to find out the common themes from the coded data.

Findings
For franchise programs, the British university takes a “collaborating” strategy focusing on globalization, which is combined with the “compromising” strategy of the Chinese partner university focusing on localization. Both parties keep their different styles of management and combine them into one new management mode. By contrast, in the joint degree program, the French management mode can be described as a “collaborating” strategy toward the management of the Chinese students and curriculum, while the Chinese managers are seeking to progressively “accommodate” the needs of the French students.

Originality/value
Few studies in the current literature are targeted at the cultural influences on the design and management of transnational higher education (TNHE) programs as well as the proper management strategies to deal with such cultural differences. The result of this study will provide useful advice for researchers and practitioners in cross-cultural management of TNHE programs.