bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENCELUPAN KARKAS AYAM PEDAGING DALAM LARUTAN ASAM SITRAT DAN ASAM ASETAT TERHADAP ANGKA LEMPENG TOTAL Escherichia coli (The Immersion Effect of Broiler Carcass in Citric Acid and Acetic Acid on the Total Plates Count of Escherichia Coli)
Authors: Nurliana Nurliana , Yuda Sandy Cakra , Jamin Faisal , Ferasyi Teuku Reza , Isa M. , Darmawi Darmawi 
Published: June 2016

This study aimed to determine the immersion effect of broiler carcasses in 3% citric acid, 3% acetic acid, and combination of citric acid and acetic acid with concentration of 1.5% each on the total plate count of bacteria E. coli. Eight broilers carcasses (dissected into 2 parts) were divided into 4 treatment groups with 2 times repetition and 3 times observation at 0, 4, and 8 hours after dipped. The control treatment (K0) without dipped into acid solution. Broiler carcasses in the first (K1), second (K2), and the third (K3) treatments were dipped into 3% acetic acid, 3% citric acid, and combination of 1.5% acetic acid and 1.5% citric acid respectively. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. The average of E. coli count in K0 at 0, 4, and 8 hours post dipping were 5.2±0.061, 6.8±0.99, and 7.0±0.107 log 10 cfu/g of chicken meat respectively. In similar observation time with K0, the average of total E. coli count were 5.5±0.373, 6.0±0.023, and 6.0±0.242 log 10 cfu/g of chicken meat in K1, 5.3±0.166, 6.0±0.143, and 6.0±0.084 log 10 cfu/g of chicken meat in K2, 5.7±0.041, 5.9±0.92, and 5.8±0.058 log 10 cfu/g of chicken meat in K3 at 0,4, and 8 hours post dipping respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the immersion of broiler carcass in acetic acid and citric acid solution were significantly (P 0.05) decrease the number of E. coli. There were interaction between immersion of broiler carcass in organic acids and observation time which significantly decrease the number of E. coli (p 0.05). In conclusion, the immersion of carcass chicken in 3 % acetic acid, 3% citric acid, and their combination reduce the amount of E. coli. Key words: chicken carcass , citric acid 3%, acetic acid 3% , Escherichia coli
Subsurface Band Placement of Pelletized Poultry Litter in Cotton
Authors: Adeli Ardeshir , McCarty Jack C. , Read John J. , Willers Jeffrey L. , Feng Gary , Jenkins Johnie N. 
Published: June 2016

Alternative management of broiler chicken(Gallus gallus domesticus) litter in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) production is needed to enhance soil fertility, crop nutrient utilization, and lint yield. This 4‐yr study compared the growth, lint yield, and soil quality in cotton production systems fertilized with pelletized poultry litter (PPL) subsurface band applied at the rate of 6.7 Mg ha−1(≈122 kg available N ha−1), inorganic N fertilizer (urea ammonium nitrate, UAN solution) injected at the recommended rate of 128 kg N ha−1, and unfertilized control. Drip irrigation was used as main plot, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum was broadcast applied and used as subplot, and fertilization treatment was used as sub‐subplot (2 × 2 × 3). Although leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area index and total aboveground biomass were lower (P< 0.05) with PPL than inorganic N, lint yield did not differ between these treatments in 2010 and 2011. However, lint yield was greater in PPL than inorganic N fertilizer treatment by approximately 6% in 2012 and 21% in 2013. Averaged across years, lint yield was 5% greater with PPL than inorganic N fertilizer (1378 vs. 1303 kg ha−1). Cotton lint yield was not influenced by FGD gypsum or irrigation. Applying PPL significantly enhanced soil fertility, improved soil aggregate stability, minimized postharvest residual NO3–N concentration in the soil profile and may provide growers with an alternative nutrient management strategy for cotton.Core IdeasSubsurface band placement minimizes nutrient loss.Subsurface band placement of pelletized poultry litter increases nutrient utilization.Pelletized poultry litter improves soil quality by enhancing soil organic C.
Ameliorative Effects of Foliar 2,3‐Dihydroporphyrin Iron (III) Spray on Seedling Growth and Seed Traits of Salt‐Stressed Rapeseed Plants
Authors: Cao Cun‐Feng , Yu Bing‐Jun , Zhao Xiu‐Fang , Wei Pei‐Pei , Song Jia‐Ming , Chen Li‐Ming , Wang Meng 
Published: June 2016

Dihydroporphyrin iron (III) (DHFe) chelates have a role in plant growth regulation. In the present study, the physiological mechanisms contributing to the ameliorative effects of foliar DHFe spraying on seedling growth and photosynthetic parameters as well as seed traits of rapeseed plants under control or salt‐stressed conditions in pots were investigated. Plant characteristics, including chlorophyll content; photosynthetic parameters; reactive oxygen species content; antioxidant enzyme activity; relative electrolytic leakage; and Na+, K+, and Cl−content were compared in above‐ground parts and roots. Seed traits at maturity (e.g., numbers of pods and seeds) and seed dry weight per plant were also evaluated. The results showed that under NaCl stress, foliar application of DHFe could significantly reduce Cl−content in above‐ground plant parts and maintain higher K+content in seedlings; enhance the activities of ascorbate peroxide, catalase, and peroxidase; and decrease the rate of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide generation. Foliar DHFe application could restore leaf chlorophyll content and improve Photosystem II maximum photochemical efficiency, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2concentration. This effect alleviated the salt injury to treated rapeseed plants that then exhibited enhanced vegetative growth, improved leaf photosynthesis, and increased seed yield. These results may provide a valuable theoretical basis and technical guidance for future practical application of DHFe as a kind of plant growth regulator for the chemical regulation of salt tolerance of rapeseed and other crops under saline cultivation conditions.Core IdeasDihydroporphyrin iron (III) chelates have been shown to possess plant growth regulatory roles.Foliar DHFe spray on salted rape reduced ROS level and improved growth and seed yield.DHFe regulates salt tolerance of rapeseed and other crops in saline soils.
The NMR Relaxation Response of Unconsolidated Sediments during Drainage and Imbibition
Authors: Falzone Samuel , Keating Kristina 
Published: June 2016

Core IdeasNMR relaxation rates are a function of water content but do not exhibit hysteresis.NMR sum of echoes does not exhibit hysteresis with imbibition and drainage.The results are consistent across the synthetic sands and natural soils investigated.Results suggest NMR can characterize the WRC but not distinguish drainage from imbibition.In this laboratory study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation data were collected on unconsolidated sediment to determine the NMR response, characterized by the mean‐log transverse relaxation rate,T2ML−1, and the sum of echoes, SOE, during drainage and imbibition. Measurements were made on four synthetic sands, with a range of grain sizes and Fe content, and two natural loamy sand soils. A porous ceramic plate apparatus was used to induce drainage and imbibition. Water content (θ) was plotted vs. matric potential (ψ) to give the water retention curve (WRC). The drainage and imbibition branches of the WRC were then compared with the corresponding branches of the θ–T2ML−1and θ–SOE curves. We observed the expected linear trend between NMR signal magnitude and θ. The θ–T2ML−1or θ–SOE curves did not exhibit drainage–imbibition hysteresis, even thoughT2ML−1and SOE varied with θ and the WRC did exhibit hysteresis. Using a simple pore network model, we show that, for well‐connected networks, the surface‐area/volume ratio of the water‐occupied porosity is similar during drainage and imbibition, explaining the lack of hysteresis present in the measured θ–T2ML−1or θ–SOE curves. For materials with poorly connected pore networks, hysteresis may be observed. We conclude that, for the materials used in this study, it is not possible to distinguish drainage from imbibition usingT2ML−1or SOE. However, becauseT2ML−1and SOE depend on θ, NMR data may be useful for characterizing a single branch or an average of the two branches of the WRC by relating these NMR parameters to ψ.
Hydrologic Impacts of Thawing Permafrost—A Review
Authors: Walvoord Michelle A. , Kurylyk Barret L. 
Published: June 2016

Core Ideas
This review synthesizes the state of the science in permafrost hydrology.
Observed and projected hydrologic impacts of permafrost thaw are discussed.
Characterization, modeling, and knowledge gaps of permafrost systems are identified.
Translating results between multiple scales in cold regions presents a challenge.
Opportunities for advancement in the field of permafrost hydrology are described.
Where present, permafrost exerts a primary control on water fluxes, flowpaths, and distribution. Climate warming and related drivers of soil thermal change are expected to modify the distribution of permafrost, leading to changing hydrologic conditions, including alterations in soil moisture, connectivity of inland waters, streamflow seasonality, and the partitioning of water stored above and below ground. The field of permafrost hydrology is undergoing rapid advancement with respect to multiscale observations, subsurface characterization, modeling, and integration with other disciplines. However, gaining predictive capability of the many interrelated consequences of climate change is a persistent challenge due to several factors. Observations of hydrologic change have been causally linked to permafrost thaw, but applications of process‐based models needed to support and enhance the transferability of empirical linkages have often been restricted to generalized representations. Limitations stem from inadequate baseline permafrost and unfrozen hydrogeologic characterization, lack of historical data, and simplifications in structure and process representation needed to counter the high computational demands of cryohydrogeologic simulations. Further, due in part to the large degree of subsurface heterogeneity of permafrost landscapes and the nonuniformity in thaw patterns and rates, associations between various modes of permafrost thaw and hydrologic change are not readily scalable; even trajectories of change can differ. This review highlights promising advances in characterization and modeling of permafrost regions and presents ongoing research challenges toward projecting hydrologic and ecologic consequences of permafrost thaw at time and spatial scales that are useful to managers and researchers.
La estructura básica rawlsiana, la fraternidad y el Principio Aristotélico
Authors: Lizárraga Fernando A. 
Published: June 2016

En este artículo re-examinaremos la idea rawlsiana de que la estructura básica constituye el objeto primario de la justicia, a partir de la discusión planteada por G.A. Cohen. Veremos si, en efecto, las decisiones personales pueden quedar fuera del alcance de los principios de justicia o, en otras palabras, hasta qué punto la justicia es sólo un asunto institucional. Para ensayar una respuesta –siempre provisional– al problema del objeto de la justicia convocaremos al Principio Aristotélico propuesto por Rawls. En tal sentido, diremos que, para mantener su postura ortodoxa sobre la exclusividad de la estructura básica como locus de la justicia, Rawls no sólo debería renunciar a su afirmación de que la fraternidad se expresa en el Principio de Diferencia –tal como lo demanda Cohen–, sino también a su pretensión de que la justicia como equidad sea compatible con la noción aristotélica de la justicia en tanto elusión de la pleonexia.
Ética para matador. Savater, los toros y la ética.
Authors: Ortiz-Millán Gustavo 
Published: June 2016

En este artículo analizo los principales argumentos del libro Tauroética de Fernando Savater. Él afirma que existen argumentos morales a favor de las corridas de toros, por lo que ser taurino es una opción ética legítima. Aquí sostengo que está en un error y que los argumentos morales no tienen la fuerza que él les adjudica; puede haber razones económicas, políticas o de otro tipo a favor de las corridas, pero no hay razones morales. Afirmo, en cambio, que sí hay razones morales fuertes en contra de las corridas que se basan en que los toros son objeto de consideración moral, es decir, tienen un estatus moral independiente de nuestros intereses. A partir de esta premisa examino y objeto, bajo una perspectiva ética, otros argumentos de Savater.
Espécie e Floresta: A araucária nos discursos ambientais e na produção de sentidos para as florestas no Paraná
Authors: Carvalho Alessandra Izabel de , Laverdi Robson 
Published: June 2016

O artigo busca analisar como determinadas construções simbólicas, discursivas e imagéticas que engendram efeitos e processos de produção de sentido para a araucária e, na sua esteira, para a floresta com araucária foram pensadas e divulgadas ao longo do século XX no Paraná. Nosso argumento é que a devastação florestal ocorrida no estado tem sido obscurecida por discursividades centradas na espécie e na sua importância para o desenvolvimento econômico do Paraná em paralelo de um certo “esquecimento” da floresta a que ela pertence. Para tanto, centramos a atenção na forma como ambas, espécie e floresta, foram versadas pelo Movimento Paranista, pelos pesquisadores Romário Martins e Francisco Carlos Hoehne e em quatro comunicações apresentadas no 1º Congresso Florestal Brasileiro, realizado em Curitiba no ano de 1953. Palavras chave: Escrita Alfabética; Alfabetismo; Colonização Portuguesa; Mata Atlântica; Período Colonial.
The Effect of Adding Indirect Relationship to Turbo Similarity Searching
Authors: Malim Nurul H. A. Hassain , Pei-Chia Yong , Al-Laila Marwah H. , Arif Shereena M. 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Turbo Similarity Searching (TSS) has been proved as one of the effective and simple searching method in Cheminformatics. Emerging from the conventional similarity searching, TSS depended on the concept of fusion where relationship between the target being sought and the compound in the database are indirect. Previous works has looked at only one level of indirect relationship and indicates that there are further potential that more levels of such relationship be added to TSS to increase its ability to recover more actives. Hence, in this work, we aimed to investigate the impact of the indirect relationship on TSS.

Method:
This study has further investigated the enhancement of TSS using additional layers of indirect relationship and fusion process. We implemented TSS by adding another layer of fusion between the target and database compound.

Results:
The experiments with MDDR database showed that the proposed new strategy described in this paper provide a way of enhancing the effectiveness of the TSS process in chemical databases. The experiments also showed that the increases in performance are particularly better when the sought actives are structurally diverse.

Conclusion:
We may conclude that the additional layers do increase the recall of TSS. Hence, the new TSS strategy could be used as an alternative to the old TSS.
Once-Daily Liraglutide Versus Lixisenatide as Add-on to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A 26-Week Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Nauck Michael , Rizzo Manfredi , Johnson Andrew , Bosch-Traberg Heidrun , Madsen Jesper , Cariou Bertrand 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus lixisenatide as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes not achieving adequate glycemic control on metformin alone.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this 26-week, randomized, parallel-group, open-label trial, 404 patients were randomized 1:1 to liraglutide 1.8 mg or lixisenatide 20 µg as add-on to metformin. Liraglutide was administered once daily at any time of the day. Lixisenatide was administered once daily within 1 h prior to the morning or evening meal.

RESULTS
At week 26, liraglutide reduced HbA1c (primary end point) more than lixisenatide (estimated treatment difference −0.62% [95% CI −0.8; −0.4]; P &lt; 0.0001), with more patients reaching HbA1c &lt;7% (53 mmol/mol) and ≤6.5% (48 mmol/mol) versus lixisenatide (74.2% and 54.6% for liraglutide vs. 45.5% and 26.2% for lixisenatide; P &lt; 0.0001 for both). Liraglutide reduced fasting plasma glucose more than lixisenatide (estimated treatment difference −1.15 mmol/L [95% CI −1.5; −0.8]; P &lt; 0.0001). Liraglutide provided greater reduction in mean 9-point self-measured plasma glucose (P &lt; 0.0001). However, postprandial glucose increments were smaller with lixisenatide for the meal directly after injection compared with liraglutide (P &lt; 0.05), with no differences between treatments across all meals. Both drugs promoted similar body weight decrease (−4.3 kg for liraglutide, −3.7 kg for lixisenatide; P = 0.23). The most common adverse events in both groups were gastrointestinal disorders. Greater increases in pulse, lipase, and amylase were observed with liraglutide. Hypoglycemic episodes were rare and similar between the two treatments.

CONCLUSIONS
At the dose levels studied, liraglutide was more effective than lixisenatide as add-on to metformin in improving glycemic control. Body weight reductions were similar. Both treatments were well tolerated, with low risk of hypoglycemia and similar gastrointestinal adverse event profiles.
Durability of Addition of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass to Lifestyle Intervention and Medical Management in Achieving Primary Treatment Goals for Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes in Mild to Moderate Obesity: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Ikramuddin Sayeed , Korner Judith , Lee Wei-Jei , Bantle John P. , Thomas Avis J. , Connett John E. , Leslie Daniel B. , Inabnet William B. , Wang Qi , Jeffery Robert W. , Chong Keong , Chuang Lee-Ming , Jensen Michael D. , Vella Adrian , Ahmed Leaque , Belani Kumar , Olofson Amy E. , Bainbridge Heather A. , Billington Charles J. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
We compared 3-year achievement of an American Diabetes Association composite treatment goal (HbA1c &lt;7.0%, LDL cholesterol &lt;100 mg/dL, and systolic blood pressure &lt;130 mmHg) after 2 years of intensive lifestyle-medical management intervention, with and without Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, with one additional year of usual care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 120 adult participants, with BMI 30.0–39.9 kg/m2 and HbA1c ≥8.0%, were randomized 1:1 to two treatment arms at three clinical sites in the U.S. and one in Taiwan. All patients received the lifestyle-medical management intervention for 24 months; half were randomized to also receive gastric bypass.

RESULTS
At 36 months, the triple end point goal was met in 9% of lifestyle-medical management patients and 28% of gastric bypass patients (P = 0.01): 10% and 19% lower than at 12 months. Mean (SD) HbA1c values at 3 years were 8.6% (3.5) and 6.7% (2.0) (P &lt; 0.001). No lifestyle-medical management patient had remission of diabetes at 36 months, whereas 17% of gastric bypass patients had full remission and 19% had partial remission. Lifestyle-medical management patients used more medications than gastric bypass patients: mean (SD) 3.8 (3.3) vs. 1.8 (2.4). Percent weight loss was mean (SD) 6.3% (16.1) in lifestyle-medical management vs. 21.0% (14.5) in gastric bypass (P &lt; 0.001). Over 3 years, 24 serious or clinically significant adverse events were observed in lifestyle-medical management vs. 51 with gastric bypass.

CONCLUSIONS
Gastric bypass is more effective than lifestyle-medical management intervention in achieving diabetes treatment goals, mainly by improved glycemic control. However, the effect of surgery diminishes with time and is associated with more adverse events.
Increased Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality in Patients With Diabetes With Comorbid Depression
Authors: Novak Marta , Mucsi Istvan , Rhee Connie M. , Streja Elani , Lu Jun L. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Molnar Miklos Z. , Kovesdy Csaba P. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
It is not known if patients with diabetes with depression have an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined the association between depression and incident CKD, mortality, and incident cardiovascular events in U.S. veterans with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Among a nationally representative prospective cohort of &gt;3 million U.S. veterans with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, we identified 933,211 patients with diabetes. Diabetes was ascertained by an ICD-9-CM code for diabetes, an HbA1c &gt;6.4%, or receiving antidiabetes medication during the inclusion period. Depression was defined by an ICD-9-CM code for depression or by antidepressant use during the inclusion period. Incident CKD was defined as two eGFR levels &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 separated by ≥90 days and a &gt;25% decline in baseline eGFR. The associations between depression and outcomes were assessed using Cox proportional regression.

RESULTS
Depression was present in 340,806 patients at enrollment. Depressed patients were younger (61 ± 11 vs. 65 ± 11 years), had higher eGFR (84 ± 15 vs. 81 ± 14 mL/min/1.73 m2), but had more comorbidities. Incident CKD developed in 180,343 patients. Depression was associated with 20% higher risk of incident CKD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] and 95% CI: 1.20 [1.19–1.21]). Similarly, depression was associated with increased all-cause mortality (aHR and 95% CI: 1.25 [1.24–1.26]).

CONCLUSIONS
The presence of depression in patients with diabetes is associated with higher risk of developing CKD compared with nondepressed patients. Intervention studies should determine if effective treatment of depression in patients with diabetes would prevent major renal and cardiovascular complications.
Education Research in Physical Therapy: Visions of the Possible
Authors: Jensen Gail M. , Nordstrom Terrence , Segal Richard L. , McCallum Christine , Graham Cecilia , Greenfield Bruce 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEducation research has been labeled the “hardest science” of all, given the challenges of teaching and learning in an environment encompassing a mixture of social interactions, events, and problems coupled with a persistent belief that education depends more on common sense than on disciplined knowledge and skill. The American Educational Research Association specifies that education research—as a scientific field of study—examines teaching and learning processes that shape educational outcomes across settings and that a learning process takes place throughout a person's life. The complexity of learning and learning environments requires not only a diverse array of research methods but also a community of education researchers committed to exploring critical questions in the education of physical therapists. Although basic science research and clinical research in physical therapy have continued to expand through growth in the numbers of funded physical therapist researchers, the profession still lacks a robust and vibrant community of education researchers. In this perspective article, the American Council of Academic Physical Therapy Task Force on Education Research proposes a compelling rationale for building a much-needed foundation for education research in physical therapy, including a set of recommendations for immediate action.