bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust joint multiple resources allocation algorithm for cooperative underwater acoustic communication networks
Authors: Han Song , Li Aijia , Jiang Xiaotong , Li Xinbin , Liu Zhixin , Yan Lei , Zhang Tongwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article, a joint relay selection, power control and time allocation problem is studied to maximize the energy efficiency for the cooperative underwater acoustic communication networks. The joint optimization problem is full of challenges due to the strong coupling of multiple resources and the uncertain characteristics of the underwater acoustic communication scenario. To address this issue, the worst‐case method is employed to transform an original uncertain problem into a deterministic problem. Furthermore, we propose the block coordinate descent‐based method to decouple the strongly coupling multi‐resource allocation problem into three relatively independent sub‐problems. The coupling of multiple resources is completely decoupled, thereby greatly reducing the solving difficulty. In addition, given that the sub‐problems with the fractional objective function are still non‐convex and hard to solve, the Dinkelbach‐based method is proposed to transform the fractional objective function into a subtractive form. At last, the relay selection sub‐problem is transformed into a integer programming problem, and the time allocation sub‐problem is transformed into a linear programming problem, whose optimal solutions can be obtained by some well‐established solution methods. The power allocation problem is transformed into a convex optimization problem, which can be solved by the Lagrangian dual method. Finally, in the proposed iteration structure, the three sub‐problems are alternatingly solved until convergence. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
Crimes Against Food: Characteristics, Health Risk, and Regulations
Authors: Pacholczyk‐Sienicka Barbara 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTFood safety is paramount for human life as it prevents foodborne illnesses, protects public health, supports economic growth, and ensures compliance with regulatory standards. However, in recent years, various incidents of crimes against food and their significant public health consequences have been observed, seriously damaging consumer confidence. This article explores the emerging scientific discipline of food safety, which focuses on assessing the health status of food and ensuring that it is safe for consumption. It provides a thorough analysis of crimes committed against the food industry and the regulatory measures implemented to safeguard both the industry and consumers. Regulatory requirements and competent bodies play a crucial role in ensuring compliance and maintaining consumer confidence. However, challenges such as adulteration, lack of consistent definitions, and dispersion in food inspection supervision still persist. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach, including consistent guidelines, improved communication, and enhanced employee training. Additionally, there is a need for guidelines and legislation regulating the development and validation of nontargeted methods for quality control in the food sector. By addressing these issues, we can further enhance the food safety practices and protect the health of individuals and communities.
Preparation of Fe/S Modified Biochar Cathode and Its Mechanism for Promoting Ceftriaxone Sodium Removal in an Electro‐Fenton System
Authors: Shi Yanhui , Niu Liping , Deng Xinyu , Wang Jingjing , Jiang Qing , Tang Hongwei , Zhou Xiaoyu , Liu Shujuan , Xue Jianliang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe efficient cathode material helps to improve the removal of antibiotics in the electro‐Fenton (EF) system. The simultaneous doping of transition metals and heterogeneous non‐metallic elements in biochar electrodes can enhance the performance of EF systems, but the catalytic mechanism for EF needs to be further explored. In this study, novel Fe/S‐doped biochar cathodes derived from marine algae (MA) were prepared to investigate the removal rate of ceftriaxone sodium (CS) and the underlying mechanisms. The results indicated that the Fe/S modified MA (Fe/S/MA) biochar cathode showed the highest CS removal rate (71.23%) in the EF system when treating 20 mg/L CS solution containing 8 mg/L Fe2+ at pH 4. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed that this cathode provided more iron and sulfur active sites for catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction to produce H2O2, enhanced surface porosity, and improved CS removal rate. Electrochemical tests demonstrated this cathode possessed high electrocatalytic capacity, rapid charge transfer capability, and low electrode resistance. This suggested that it can provide more oxygen reduction reaction sites to promote ∙OH generation and enhance Fe2+ regeneration for improving CS removal. This study demonstrates the Fe/S/MA biochar cathode in the EF system shows great potential for the removal of antibiotics.
Tumor Microenvironment‐Based Risk Stratification of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Almangush Alhadi , Jouhi Lauri , Haglund Caj , Hagström Jaana , Mäkitie Antti A. , Leivo Ilmo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEvaluation of the prognostic impact of tumor microenvironment (TME) has received attention in recent years. We introduce a TME‐based risk stratification for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).Material and MethodsA total of 182 patients treated for OPSCC at the Helsinki University Hospital were included. TME‐based risk stratification was designed combining tumor‐stroma ratio and stromal tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes assessed in hematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections.ResultsIn multivariable analysis, TME‐based risk stratification associated with poor disease‐free survival with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.68 (95% CI 1.11–6.48, p = 0.029). In addition, the proposed risk stratification was associated with poor disease‐specific survival (HR 2.687, 95% CI 1.28–5.66, p = 0.009) and poor overall survival (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.23–3.99, p = 0.008).ConclusionOur TME‐based risk stratification provides a powerful prognostic tool that can be used in daily treatment planning of OPSCC together with tumor‐related prognostic markers.
The outcome of embryo transfer after three different procedures for laparoscopic correction of hydrosalpinx
Authors: Wang Juan , Liao Simi , Luo Yanfen , Pang Xiaofeng , Li Rirong , Mehmood Arshad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effect of three different surgical approaches: simple terminal salpingostomy, bilateral proximal tubal ligation plus terminal salpingostomy, and bilateral salpingectomy.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 292 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for hydrosalpinx and embryo transfer within 2 years postoperatively from January 2018 to August 2021. The patients were divided into three groups: Group A (68 cases) underwent simple terminal salpingostomy, Group B (199 cases) underwent ligation plus terminal salpingostomy, and Group C (25 cases) underwent bilateral salpingectomy.ResultsAge, body mass index, surgical time, intraoperative bleeding, length of hospital stay, and infertility type showed no significant differences among the different surgical groups (P > 0.05), except for the age 30–39 group, which showed statistically significant differences in surgical time (P < 0.001) and length of hospital stay (P < 0.001); the age 40 or above group showed statistically significant differences in intraoperative bleeding (P = 0.008). A total of 336 oocyte retrievals and 451 embryo transfers were successfully performed in the 292 patients within 2 years postoperatively.ConclusionThe choice of surgical approach for hydrosalpinx does not affect pregnancy rates after embryo transfer within the same age group.
Electrochemical ammonia oxidation reaction: From mechanistic understanding to practical applications
Authors: Fan Lei , Jiang Rui , Da Yumin , Xiao Yukun , Jin Hongqiang , Chen Xiang , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrochemical ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) presents a promising avenue for realizing sustainable nitrogen cycling in various energy and environmental applications. However, sluggish catalytic activity, catalyst poisoning effects, and low stability pose significant challenges. Developing efficient electrocatalysts with high activity and stability necessitates a thorough understanding of the complex mechanisms and various reaction intermediates. In this review, we first discuss the AOR mechanism and the operando/in‐situ characterization techniques employed for elucidating the reaction mechanisms. Subsequently, we summarize the development of AOR electrocatalysts, including noble‐metal‐based catalysts, non‐noble‐metal‐based catalysts, and homogeneous catalysts. We also highlight the primary practical applications of AOR in energy, environment and chemical production fields, including direct ammonia fuel cells, chemical production of nitrates, nitrites, hydrogen, and wastewater treatment. Finally, based on the progress in electrochemical AOR, we discuss the challenges and propose future directions for advancing this field.
The role of TREM‐1 in septic myocardial pyroptosis and septic cardiomyopathy in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chen Yongxia , Mao Lixia , Liu Songtao , Huang Shunyi , Lin Qiuyun , Zeng Man , Huang Huiyi , Sun Xiaocong , Chen Hongpeng , Huang Jiahao , Zhou Gaosheng , Deng Liehua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSeptic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is an acute cardiac dysfunction involving myocardial cell pyroptosis. TREM‐1 is a known receptor on cell membrane that can amplify the inflammatory response. Our previous studies have shown that TREM‐1 in cardiomyocytes is involved in the activation of NLRP3 through the SMC4/NEMO pathway. Here, we aimed to use Trem‐1 and Nlrp3 knockout mice to verify the effect of TREM‐1 through NLRP3 on cardiac function in septic mice. The results showed that TREM‐1 knockout resulted in a decrease in the release of downstream cell signals, including SMC4 and NLRP3, resulting in a decrease in cytokine release and improvement of cardiac dysfunction. Knockout of NLRP3 also reduced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and increased survival rate. The therapeutic targeting of TREM‐1 activation of NLRP3 and its pathway may contribute to the treatment or prevention of SCM.
Enhancing clinical outcomes: Point of care ultrasound in the precision diagnosis and Management of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in emergency medicine: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shaban Eman E. , Yigit Yavuz , Alkahlout Baha , Shaban Ahmed , Shaban Amira , Ponappan Benny , Abdurabu Mohammed , Zaki Hany A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis meta‐analysis evaluates the efficacy of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) in diagnosing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in the emergency department (ED). A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar identified studies published until July 2024. Nine studies were included, revealing that POCUS is highly accurate in diagnosing AAA, with a pooled sensitivity of 98.33% and specificity of 99.84%. Additionally, data from three studies indicated that 24.5% of patients with positive AAA scans were diagnosed with ruptured AAAs. The results suggest that emergency physicians can accurately detect and manage AAA using POCUS, even with limited training.
The cross‐sectional morphology of the proximal femoral diaphysis is defined by the anteversion angle
Authors: Endo Daisuke , Nishi Keita , Imamura Takeshi , Saiki Kazunobu , Ogami‐Takamura Keiko , Murai Kiyohito , Tsurumoto Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis in postmenopausal women is one of the causes of femoral fractures and is prevented by the administration of bisphosphonates. Individual morphologies are considered to increase the risk of atypical fractures associated with long‐term administration. To evaluate cortical bone morphology quantitatively, we established a method to measure the distance from the center point of a cross‐section to the external and internal borders based on CT images. Using this method, 44 sides of a female femoral skeleton specimen were examined and areas of protrusion and thickening in the medial anterior and lateral posterior regions just below the lesser trochanter were identified. These positions strongly correlated with the anteversion angle, suggesting the involvement of the distribution of the load received from body weight defined by the angle. The finite element method was used to examine the relationships between the positions of these areas with compressive and tensile stress distribution areas in the one‐legged standing condition. The medial anterior region and lateral posterior region protruded and thickened in response to compressive and tensile stress, respectively. In addition, a hierarchical relationship was observed between the anteversion angle, tensile stress distribution, protrusion, and thickening in femurs with thinning of cortical bone, indicating that morphogenesis occurs adaptively to loading. The present results demonstrate the usefulness of this method in considering the formation mechanism and function of the femoral diaphysis and suggest that bone remodeling is necessary to maintain adaptability.
Machine learning model outperforms the ACS Risk Calculator in predicting non‐home discharge following primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Bacevich Blake M. , Chen Tony Lin‐Wei , Buddhiraju Anirudh , Shimizu Michelle R. , Seo Henry H. , Kwon Young‐Min 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeDespite the increase in outpatient total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures, many patients are still discharged to non‐home locations following index surgery. The ability to accurately predict non‐home discharge (NHD) following TKAs has the potential to promote a reduction in associated adverse events and excess healthcare costs. This study aimed to evaluate whether a machine learning (ML) model could outperform the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Risk Calculator in predicting NHD following TKA, using the same set of clinical variables. We hypothesised that the ML model would outperform the ACS Risk Calculator.MethodsData from 365,240 patients who underwent a primary TKA between 2013 and 2020 were extracted from the ACS‐National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database and used to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict discharge disposition following primary TKA. The ANN and ACS calculator were assessed and compared using discrimination, calibration and decision curve analysis.ResultsAge (>68 years), BMI (>35.5 kg/m2) and ASA Class (≥2) were found to be the most important variables in predicting NHD following TKA. When compared to the ACS calculator, the ANN model demonstrated a significantly superior ability to distinguish the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) among NHD patients and provided probability predictions well aligned with the true outcomes (AUCANN = 0.69, AUCACS = 0.50, p = 0.002, slopeANN = 0.85, slopeACS = 4.46, interceptANN = 0.04, and interceptACS = 0.06).ConclusionOur findings support the hypothesis that machine learning models outperform the ACS Risk Calculator in predicting non‐home discharge after TKA, even when constrained to the same clinical variables. Our findings underscore the potential benefits of integrating machine learning models into clinical practice for improving preoperative patient risk identification, optimisation, counselling and clinical decision‐making.Level of EvidenceIII
Efficacy of Posterior Pharyngeal Wall Injection for Velopharyngeal Dysfunction in Adults
Authors: Arora Nikhil , Young VyVy N. , Schneider Sarah L. , Ma Yue , Rosen Clark A. , Crosby Tyler W. 
Published: September 2024

Objective(s)Posterior pharyngeal wall (PPW) injection is often employed to treat velopharyngeal deficiency (VPD). We sought to analyze the impact of PPW injection on severity of dysphagia and dysphonia.MethodsRetrospective chart review was conducted of patients undergoing PPW injection from 2018 to 2023 at a tertiary laryngology center. Effects on Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10), Eating Assessment Tool‐10 (EAT‐10), soft palate closure on modified barium swallow, and auditory‐perceptual measures of hypernasality and audible nasal air emission were analyzed.Results67 PPW injections were performed in 29 patients (11 female). Mean age was 59.4 ± 17.0 years. Etiologies were head and neck cancer (n = 23) and neurologic conditions (n = 6). 30 PPW injections were performed concurrent with intervention on the upper esophageal sphincter (25 dilations, 3 myotomies, 2 botulinum toxin injections), and 8 with a glottic procedure (6 vocal fold injections, 2 thyroplasties). Change scores were 3.87 (−6.85 to −0.89, p = .012) for VHI‐10 and −3.00 (−4.75 to −1.25, p = 0.001) for EAT‐10. These were statistically different from 0 for the whole cohort but not in the subset of patients undergoing concurrent voice and/or swallow surgery. Soft palate closure scores tended to be better (but not statistically significant) on MBS after PPW injection. Hypernasality and audible nasal air emission both improved after injection.ConclusionPPW injection appears to have a therapeutic effect on dysphagia/dysphonia in patients with VPD; however, many patients have multifactorial impairment. Additional study is needed to determine benefit of PPW when performed in conjunction with other procedures in this complex patient population.Level of Evidence4 (Case series) Laryngoscope, 135:605–613, 2025
In Silico Evaluation of Nanosecond Laser Treatment of Pigmented Lesions Based on Skin Optical Properties Using a Model of Melanosome Disruption Threshold Fluence
Authors: Shimojo Yu , Nishimura Takahiro , Tsuruta Daisuke , Ozawa Toshiyuki , Kono Taro 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nanosecond laser treatment of pigmented lesions in silico using a model of melanosome disruption threshold fluence (MDTF) based on skin optical properties.MethodsParticle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy were performed to determine the threshold fluence for melanosome disruption using a nanosecond laser. By inputting the obtained threshold fluence into the MDTF model and considering the variability in skin optical properties, irradiation parameters were calculated and compared with the results from clinical studies.ResultsThe threshold fluences for 532 and 755 nm nanosecond laser irradiation were determined to be 3.0 and 15.0 J/cm2, respectively. In silico analysis showed that the incident fluence for moderately pigmented skin should be 1.2 times that for lightly pigmented skin, whereas it should be 50% lower than that for lightly pigmented skin to achieve the same level of energy deposition. Clinically applied fluences for moderately pigmented skin are at the low end of the calculated range of values, suggesting that the clinical fluence is chosen to minimize energy deposition in normal tissues.ConclusionsOur results showed that the MDTF model can be used to evaluate nanosecond laser treatments and provide clinical guidance on fluence settings based on laser–tissue interactions in moderately pigmented skin. The in silico method can, therefore, provide a robust and quantitative retrospective evaluation of the treatment effects that accounts for variation in irradiation parameters among patients by combining the MDTF model with the in vivo optical properties of individual skin types.
Picosecond 532 nm Laser: An Optimal Device for the Reduction of Acquired Agminated Nevi
Authors: Halle Briana R. , Golbari Nicole M. , Smith Janellen , Zachary Christopher 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesAgminated nevi are rare, grouped lesions, which are confined to one anatomic area. Herein, we report a case of successful cosmetic treatment of bilateral, acquired agminated nevi with a picosecond 532 nm Nd:YAG laser device.Materials and MethodsLiterature search was completed on acquired agminated nevi. A healthy 21‐year‐old woman presented with numerous, grouped 1‐mm brown‐to‐dark brown macules in the axillae bilaterally. Biopsies revealed lentiginous junctional nevi with mild atypia, leading to the diagnosis of agminated nevi. She was referred for laser treatment to improve cosmetic appearance. Two different laser devices were utilized initially, a picosecond 532 nm Nd:YAG laser on the left axilla and a millisecond domain 532 nm laser on the right. Greater improvement was noted with the picosecond 532 nm device. Three additional treatments were completed with the picosecond laser with significant improvement in pigmentation of melanocytic nevi.ResultsVarious pigmented and melanocytic lesions have been noted to occur in an agminated pattern although their pathway of development remains unknown. While various devices have demonstrated efficacy for pigmented lesions, treatment of agminated nevi specifically is less reported or established. Our patient's presentation is novel because of the axillary location and bilateral distribution of multiple acquired agminated nevi, neither of which have been previously reported in the literature. We also report successful treatment utilizing a picosecond 532 nm laser. While laser can help improve the cosmetic appearance of pigmented lesions, most lasers do not remove all melanocytes, highlighting the need for close monitoring, as atypia and melanoma have been reported to develop in acquired agminated nevi.ConclusionThus, we present a case of acquired agminated nevi in a novel bilateral distribution in a healthy female successfully treated with a picosecond 532 nm laser.
Flexible Composites of Barium Sulfate Modified by Tannic Acid Using Glycerol/Starch for X‐Ray Shielding Applications
Authors: Tokonami Ryoma , Osanai Minoru , Hosoda Masahiro , Tokonami Shinji , Takahashi Tatsuhiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the X‐ray shielding properties and mechanical properties of barium sulfate (BaSO4) composites based on a biodegradable matrix composed of glycerol and starch. In addition, tannic acid (TA) is used for surface modification of the BaSO4. Increasing the amount of BaSO4 is necessary to improve the composite's X‐ray shielding properties; however, as the amount of BaSO4 increases, the composite becomes harder. The purpose of this research is to prepare a flexible X‐ray‐shielding composite even when a large amount of filler is added. TA easily coats the BaSO4 surface, and its presence is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Elongation of the composites composed of glycerol, starch, and BaSO4 is increased by 50% because of the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of glycerol and starch and those of TA. Consequently, the fracture behavior changed from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. However, the X‐ray shielding properties are not changed by the surface modification with TA. The use of glycerol, starch, and BaSO4 is a new approach to the development of biodegradable radiation shielding materials. In addition, as a surface‐modification agent, TA is environmentally friendly. All of the composites are prepared from natural materials.