bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of LC Phenotype and Suppression of Contact Hypersensitivity Response by Stress
Authors: Hosoi Junichi , Tsuchiya Toru , Denda Mitsuhiro , Ashida Yutaka , Takashima Akira , Granstein Richard D. , Koyama Junichi 
Published: July 2017

Background: Stress is thought to exacerbate a number of diseases, some of which are skin disorders. Epidermal Langerhans' cells play a major role in cutaneous immune reactions. Objective: The effects of two types of stress on the cutaneous immune system were to be assessed in mice. Methods: Mice received stress by immobilization or housing at various population densities. Epidermal sheets were stained for I-A molecules (a member of class II major histocompatibility complex) and analyzed with a confocal-laser-scanning microscope. Contact hypersensitivity reaction to 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene was elicited in mouse ears. Results: The cell density, intensity of I-A expression, and number of dendrites were decreased as the population density increased. Elicitation of contact hypersensitivity was suppressed in mice that received either population or immobilization stress. Increased I-A expression and number of dendrites were observed in adrenalectomized compared to sham-operated mice. The population-dependent suppression of contact hypersensitivity reaction was not observed in adrenalectomized mice. After incubation with serum from mice that received either immobilization stress or population stress, the expression of I-A molecules on a XS52 Langerhans' cell-like cell line was reduced. Conclusion: Stress affected the cutaneous immune system. There were indications that adrenergic hormones played a role in the regulation of the system.
Large Datasets: Common Uses and Caveats
Authors: Safavi Kayvon , Weinstock Martin A. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Increasingly, large collections of pre-existing data are being used to analyze the occurrence, burden, and health care resources directed to the management of various skin diseases. Objective: This article discusses a number of different types of large datasets along with their common uses. Various concerns about the use of this information are also discussed. Conclusion: Although large datasets provide significant statistical power with readily available data, there are significant concerns, particularly regarding data quality and statistical analysis. Readers need to be aware of how an investigator has addressed these issues. Furthermore, the profession needs to be cognizant of very legitimate public concerns regarding confidentiality of personal information.
Minocycline-Lnduced Cutaneous Pigmentation
Authors: Wasel Norman R. , Schloss Eric H. , Lin Andrew N. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Minocycline-induced cutaneous pigmentation is an adverse effect that may be more common than is generally realized. It is usually reported in patients undergoing chronic minocycline therapy for acne vulgaris. Objective: The case of a 69-year-old woman taking minocycline for rheumatoid arthritis is presented, and its differential diagnosis discussed in order to characterize the clinical features of minocycline-induced cutaneous pigmentation. Conclusion: Patients undergoing minocycline therapy for rheumatoid arthritis may develop bluish-grey pigmentation over the legs and forearms.
Gene Therapy and Dermatology: More Than Just Skin Deep
Authors: Somani Ally-Khan , Esmail Najwa , Siminovitch Katherine A. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Recent advances in the molecular characterization of dermatologic disease have substantively augmented the understanding of the pathogenetic processes underlying disorders of the skin. This new knowledge coupled with progress in gene delivery technologies has paved the way for introducing cutaneous gene therapy into the dermatologic therapeutic armamentorium. Objective: This review article includes an overview of the current strategies for delivery of gene therapy with an emphasis on the potential role of cutaneous gene delivery in the treatment of skin and systemic diseases. Conclusions: Accessibility for gene delivery, clinical evaluation, and topical modulation of gene expression render the skin a very attractive tissue for therapeutic gene delivery. However, there are several key hurdles to be overcome before cutaneous gene therapy becomes a viable clinical option. These include difficulties in inducing sustained expression of the desired gene in vivo, the challenge of targeting genes to long-lived stem cells, and the difficulty in achieving specific and uniform transfer to different compartments of the skin. However, these problems are not insurmountable and will likely be resolved in conjunction with ongoing advances in delineating gene expression profiles and other molecular properties of the skin, strategies for stem cell isolation, and improved approaches to regulating gene delivery and expression. These advances should create the framework for translating the enormous potential of cutaneous gene therapy into the clinical arena and, thereby, substantively improving the management of both cutaneous and systemic disease.
Malignant Melanoma Arising from Nevi, p53, p16, and Bcl-2: Expression in Benign versus Malignant Components
Authors: Radhi Jasim M. 
Published: July 2017

Background: The etiology of malignant melanoma has been the subject of much study. Tumour suppressor genes p53 and pl6 and the antiapoptotic, Bcl-2, are implicated in the development and progression of malignant melanoma. Objective: To compare the expression of p53, pl6, and the Bcl-2 genes in both benign and malignant components of malignant melanoma arising from pre-existing nevocellular nevi. Methods: Twenty cases of malignant melanoma arising from pre-existing nevi were selected and studied by immuno-histochemistry for the expression of p53 (D07) CDK4I/MTS-1/INK ←4, which detects both wild and mutant type, pl6 CDK4I/MTS-1/INK ←4, and Bcl-2 using an avidin-biotin technique on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Results: Fifteen cases demonstrated p53 immunoreactivity in the malignant components ranging from 5 to 20% with no expression being seen in the benign components. The pl6 gene showed strong nuclear reactivity in the benign components of 14 cases and weak reaction in 6 cases; the malignant components expressed weak nuclear staining in 18 cases and cytoplasmic staining in all cases. The Bcl-2 gene was expressed strongly to moderately in benign components and weakly in malignant components of nine cases, and was negative in 11 cases. Conclusion: Immunostaining for p53 is expressed only in the malignant component, whereas p16 and Bcl-2 showed decreased staining and a different pattern in malignant compared with benign components. These findings suggest that expression and alterations in the subcellular localization of the cell cycle regulators may contribute to the mechanism of tumourigenesis.
Interferon-Induced Cutaneous Necrosis
Authors: Sasseville Denis , Ghamdi Walid Al , Khenaizan Sultan Al 
Published: July 2017

Background: Due to advances in recombinant DNA technology, interferons are now readily available and are frequently used in all branches of medicine. These potent biologic response modifiers carry a number of systemic and local side effects. These cytokines are usually administered subcutaneously, and recent studies have described the occurrence of inflammation or necrosis at the site of injection. Objective: We report a case of cutaneous necrosis at the sites of interferon injections in a 35-year-old man treated for chronic myeloid leukemia with high, daily doses of interferon alfa. In addition, we review the existing literature on interferon-induced cutaneous necrosis and discuss preventive strategies. Conclusion: Cutaneous inflammation or necrosis at interferon injection sites is not uncommon. Although interferon beta-lb is most commonly responsible for this complication, it is now increasingly reported with interferon alfa. It appears to be secondary to the proinflammatory effects of these cytokines or to their unmasking of a subtle hyper-coagulable state.
Female Alcoholics and Public Assistance
Authors: Medhus Asbjörn 
Published: July 2017

The proband group in this investigation consisted of 71 female alcoholics subjected to compulsory treatment by the Temperance Board. Public assistance was surveyed from the calendar year when the subject reached 19 years of age to the 9th year after the first compulsory treatment. During the four-year period preceding the first compulsory treatment, the percentage of probands on public assistance per year increased from 25 to 50; this coincided with the increase in the percentage of probands having non-compulsory contact with the Temperance Board, annually. During the same period, both the percentage of probands who for the first time received public assistance and also the percentage of probands having first non-compulsory contact with the Temperance Board were doubled. After the first compulsory treatment, the dependence on public assistance remained constant at a very high level. The first instance of public assistance was a late sociomedical symptom. The first gonorrhoeal infection and also the first recorded criminal offence usually occurred considerably earlier; on the other hand, the first conviction for drunkenness occurred somewhat later in the course.
Factors Affecting the Permeability of PE Blown Films
Authors: Krohn James , Tate Rick , Jordy Donnie 
Published: July 2017

The vast majority of packaged foods require a barrier to gases, flavors or odors to maintain product quality and provide acceptable shelf-life. For example, baked foods often require moisture protection, while fresh meats and vegetables require low or controlled oxygen exposure to maximize shelf-life and consumer appeal. Single and multi-layer polyethylene-based films are being used to package many different food products. The specific permeation properties of these films determine the shelf-life of the packaged food products that they contain. Information is presented on the factors affecting the permeation rates of polyethylene (PE) blown films. Models correlating permeation rates with the major effects of density, film thickness and crystalline orientation are shown. In addition, the impact of processing conditions and resin molecular weight distribution are discussed.
Diabetes educator role boundaries in Australia: a documentary analysis
Authors: King Olivia , Nancarrow Susan , Grace Sandra , Borthwick Alan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes educators provide self‐management education for people living with diabetes to promote optimal health and wellbeing. Their national association is the Australian Diabetes Educators Association (ADEA), established in 1981. In Australia the diabetes educator workforce is a diverse, interdisciplinary entity, with nurses, podiatrists, dietitians and several other health professional groups recognised by ADEA as providers of diabetes education. Historically nurses have filled the diabetes educator role and anecdotally, nurses are perceived to have wider scope of practice when undertaking the diabetes educator role than the other professions eligible to practise diabetes education. The nature of the interprofessional role boundaries and differing scopes of practice of diabetes educators of various primary disciplines are poorly understood. Informed by a documentary analysis, this historical review explores the interprofessional evolution of the diabetes educator workforce in Australia and describes the major drivers shaping the role boundaries of diabetes educators from 1981 until 2017.MethodsThis documentary analysis was undertaken in the form of a literature review. STARLITE framework guided the searches for grey and peer reviewed literature. A timeline featuring the key events and changes in the diabetes educator workforce was developed. The timeline was analysed and emerging themes were identified as the major drivers of change within this faction of the health workforce.ResultsThis historical review illustrates that there have been drivers at the macro, meso and micro levels which reflect and are reflected by the interprofessional role boundaries in the diabetes educator workforce. The most influential drivers of the interprofessional evolution of the diabetes educator workforce occurred at the macro level and can be broadly categorised according to three major influences: the advent of non‐medical prescribing; the expansion of the Medicare Benefits Schedule to include rebates for allied health services; and the competency movement.ConclusionThis analysis illustrates the gradual movement of the diabetes educator workforce from a nursing dominant entity, with an emphasis on interprofessional role boundaries, to an interdisciplinary body, in which role flexibility is encouraged. There is however, recent evidence of role boundary delineation at the meso and micro levels.
Recent advancements in mechanical characterisation of 3D woven composites
Authors: Saleh Mohamed Nasr , Soutis Constantinos 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThree dimensional (3D) woven composites have attracted the interest of academia and industry thanks to their damage tolerance characteristics and automated fabric manufacturing. Although much research has been conducted to investigate their out-of-plane “through thickness” properties, still their in-plane properties are not fully understood and rely on extensive experimentation. To date, the literature lacks an inclusive summary of the mechanical characterisation for 3D woven composites. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the available research studies on 3D woven composites mechanical characterisation, with less emphasis on the out-of-plane response, but an in-depth review of the in-plane response “un-notched vs. notched”. The paper highlights the knowledge gap in the literature of 3D woven composites, suggesting opportunities for future research in this field and a room for improvement in utilising Non-Destructive Techniques (NDT), such as Digital Image Correlation (DIC), Acoustic Emission (AE) and X-ray Computed Tomography (CT), for observing damage initiation and evolution in 3D woven composites that could be used to calibrate and evaluate analytical and numerical models.
High C-reactive protein instead of metabolic syndrome is associated with lower bioimpedance phase angle in individuals clinically screened for a lifestyle modification program
Authors: Moreto Fernando , de França Natasha A. G. , Gondo Fernanda F. , Callegari Aliucha , Corrente José E. , Burini Roberto C. , de Oliveira Erick P. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background
Phase angle (PhA) value is a useful tool for identifying cell membrane integrity dysfunction. It is known that metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases oxidative stress and inflammation; and consequently can promote cellular damage. We hypothesized that MetS and inflammatory blood markers could be associated with lower PhA values. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the association of PhA values with MetS and blood markers in individuals clinically screened for a lifestyle modification program.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study, 417 selected subjects (76 men and 341 women, 53.9 ± 9.4 years old) were evaluated. Assessments included clinics, anthropometric measures, body composition by bioimpedance, and laboratory blood markers, including plasma lipids, glucose, and C-reactive protein concentrations. According to the PhA median values, subjects were classified in low (≤6.3°) and high (>6.3°) PhA groups.

Results
Subjects with lower PhA values were older and showed lower body mass index, waist circumference, muscle mass index, creatinine, and uric acid; and higher gamma-GT and HDL cholesterol. Neither the presence of MetS nor the presence of the increasing number of MetS components was associated with PhA values. The logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and muscle mass index showed that higher C-reactive protein concentrations (>3.0 mg/L) increased the odds of low PhA values (OR = 1.62; CI = 1.01–2.60).

Conclusion
Higher C-reactive protein concentrations increased the odds of low PhA independently of the presence of MetS. Additionally, contrary to our hypothesis, MetS was not associated with PhA values.
SciLite: a platform for displaying text-mined annotations as a means to link research articles with biological data
Authors: Venkatesan Aravind , Kim Jee-Hyub , Talo Francesco , Ide-Smith Michele , Gobeill Julien , Carter Jacob , Batista-Navarro Riza , Ananiadou Sophia , Ruch Patrick , McEntyre Johanna 
Published: July 2017

The tremendous growth in biological data has resulted in an increase in the number of research papers being published. This presents a great challenge for scientists in searching and assimilating facts described in those papers. Particularly, biological databases depend on curators to add highly precise and useful information that are usually extracted by reading research articles. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find ways to improve linking literature to the underlying data, thereby minimising the effort in browsing content and identifying key biological concepts. As part of the development of Europe PMC, we have developed a new platform, SciLite, which integrates text-mined annotations from different sources and overlays those outputs on research articles. The aim is to aid researchers and curators using Europe PMC in finding key concepts more easily and provide links to related resources or tools, bridging the gap between literature and biological data.
Hospital‐Level Factors Associated with Pediatric Emergency Department Return Visits
Authors: Pittsenbarger Zachary E. , Thurm Cary W. , Neuman Mark I. , Spencer Sandra P. , Simon Harold K. , Gosdin Craig H. , Shah Samir S. , McClead Richard E. , Stack Anne M. , Alpern Elizabeth R. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDReturn visits (RVs) and RVs with admission (RVAs) are commonly used emergency department quality measures. Visit‐ and patient‐level factors, including several social determinants of health, have been associated with RV rates, but hospital‐specific factors have not been studied.OBJECTIVETo identify what hospital‐level factors correspond with high RV and RVA rates.SETTINGMulticenter mixed‐methods study of hospital characteristics associated with RV and RVA rates.DATA SOURCEPediatric Health Information System with survey of emergency department directors.MEASUREMENTSAdjusted return rates were calculated with generalized linear mixed‐effects models. Hospitals were categorized by adjusted RV and RVA rates for analysis.RESULTSTwenty‐four hospitals accounted for 1,456,377 patient visits with an overall adjusted RV rate of 3.7% and RVA rate of 0.7%. Hospitals with the highest RV rates served populations that were more likely to have government insurance and lower median household incomes and less likely to carry commercial insurance. Hospitals in the highest RV rate outlier group had lower pediatric emergency medicine specialist staffing, calculated as full‐time equivalents per 10,000 patient visits: median (interquartile range) of 1.9 (1.5‐2.1) versus 2.9 (2.2‐3.6). There were no differences in hospital population characteristics or staffing by RVA groups.CONCLUSIONRV rates were associated with population social determinants of health and inversely related to staffing. Hospital‐level variation may indicate population‐level economic factors outside the control of the hospital and unrelated to quality of care.
Self-care and its predictors among patients with heart failure in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Gowani Ambreen , Gul Raisa , Dhakam Sajid 
Published: July 2017

Background:Self-care in heart failure (HF) is essential to improve Quality of Life (QoL) and reduce hospital readmissions. It is a well-researched phenomenon in western countries but still unexplored in developing countries like Pakistan.Aim:The aim of this study was to explore the level of self-care behaviour (SCB) and its associated factors among patients with HF in Karachi Pakistan.Methods:In a cross-sectional survey, SCB was measured from 230 patients with HF, using the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior scale (EHFSCBs_9). Its associated factors were assessed via a self-developed checklist prepared by the researcher (lead author).Results:The overall mean of SCB was 29.73+/-7.03. As a result of multi-variable regression analysis, out of the six variables, only three variables were significantly associated with SCB, explaining the 23.4% variance. These variables were education; income; and chronicity of HF diagnosis.Conclusion:The findings of the study suggest that public health initiatives in the form of supportive-educative interventions are a dire need to enhance self-care among patients with HF.
Cardiac catheterisation and patients' anxiety levels
Authors: Haddad Nibras E. , Saleh Mohammad N. , Eshah Nidal F. 
Published: July 2017

Background: The period preceding cardiac catheterisation is characterised by the experience of several emotional disturbances. Aims: The aims of this study were to evaluate anxiety levels among patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation, and to identify differences in anxiety levels based on patients' sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: Through convenience sampling, 106 cardiac patients undergoing elective cardiac catheterisation were enrolled in this cross-sectional descriptive study. Anxiety levels were measured using the State Anxiety Inventory. Results: The mean anxiety score was 51.12 (range: 24–76). About 83% of the patients had anxiety levels higher than the cut-off point (>42), and 53% of them had anxiety levels higher than the mean anxiety score (>51). Additionally, 30.3%, 40.4%, and 12.1% had high, very high, and extreme anxiety levels respectively. Conclusions: Patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation, especially women, experienced higher levels of anxiety. Health-care providers working with such patients should be trained to deliver psychological support alongside physical care.