bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Automated Lane-Change System Based on Probabilistic Trajectory Prediction Network
Authors: Ahn Yoonyong , Han Sangwon , Sung Jihoon , Choi Jaeho , Huh Kunsoo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn highway driving, understanding the intentions of surrounding vehicles is a crucial prerequisite to ensure collision-free lane changes. In this study, an automated lane change system framework is proposed for highway driving. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based network is utilized to predict the paths of surrounding vehicles as probability distributions. When initiating a lane change, multiple candidate paths are generated, and the collision probability is then calculated by considering the generated paths of the host vehicle and the predicted paths of surrounding vehicles. Using the vehicle as a reference, the collision risk area is defined first related to the lane change. Secondly, the probability of the predicted distribution of the surrounding vehicles existing within this area is integrated to derive the collision probability. Subsequently, the collision-free optimal path is adopted, and Model Predictive Control (MPC) is employed for path tracking. The proposed framework was validated on a highway-like proving ground.
Development of Vehicle State Estimation Method for Dedicated Sensor-Less Semi-active Suspension Using AI Technology
Authors: Kawasaki Yoshifumi , Akihito Akai , Hirao Ryusuke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a sensor-less vehicle state estimation method using a neural network for semi-active suspensions. This method surpasses conventional mathematical models in performance and reduces calibration effort. The developed system, logic, and learning method are designed to address AI-specific challenges such as increased processing load and learning techniques, and their performance is validated through simulations and real-world tests. The results show that this system performs on par with those using dedicated sensors.
Influence of the Front-Rear Torque Distribution on the Handling Characteristics and Stability Boundaries of an AWD-Vehicle
Authors: Eberhart Manuel , Arndt Martin , Edelmann Johannes , Plöchl Manfred 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe influence of the drive torque distribution of an AWD vehicle with individual motors at the front and rear axles on the handling and stability properties is investigated. By applying bifurcation analysis methods, different types of loss of stability at combined longitudinal and lateral acceleration are identified. The impact of the drive torque distribution on the stability boundaries in the GG diagram is examined, and the related stable acceleration envelope is compared to the envelope derived from applying optimisation methods. Representative corresponding handling characteristics are compared and discussed.
Prediction Based Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for Heterogeneous Platoons with Delays
Authors: de Haan Redmer , der Sande Tom van , Lefeber Erjen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present a prediction based controller for heterogeneous platoons with actuation delay. By using a prediction of the ego vehicle’s acceleration and compensating the ego vehicle’s influence on the error dynamics, we obtain a controller that achieves input-to-state stability (ISS) with respect to the preceding vehicle’s acceleration. The result is a controller that does not require driveline information of the preceding vehicle, which enables platooning in a heterogeneous setting. An analysis is presented of the string stability properties of the system with both actuation and communication delays. The effectiveness of the controller is shown in simulation.
Iterative Learning Trajectory Tracking Control of an Autonomous Bicycle
Authors: Wang Yixiao , Bruzelius Fredrik , Sjöberg Jonas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn autonomous bicycle has been developed for repeatable active safety tests of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). For effective interaction with other test objects, precise bicycle trajectory tracking control is essential. The repetitive nature of these tests suggest an Iterative Learning Control (ILC) approach.In this paper, we present a design of an ILC controller tailored for the trajectory tracking problem of an autonomous bicycle. To illustrate the performance of the controller, simulations have been conducted.
Temporal and Frequency Analysis with Empirical Mode Decomposition for Vehicle Vibration Signals
Authors: Masuda Makoto , Shiiba Taichi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study presents the empirical mode decomposition method (EMD) for vehicle vibration and a correlation detection approach for input from road and vehicle body vibration using the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). Although the magnitude squared coherence is commonly used to examine the correlation of vehicle vibration with road input, it is not suitable for non-stationary vibration. On the other hand, the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) which consists of EMD and the Hilbert transform is proposed. This method is suitable for transient vibration analysis, while the drawbacks to intermittence signals are suggested. Vehicle vibration signals include intermittence signals in some cases. In this study, the masking EMD which adapts the mask signal to the amplitude of the target signal was applied to vehicle vibration to alleviate the drawbacks. By this method, the correlation analysis by HHT demonstrates higher temporal resolution compared to the continuous wavelet transform. Thus, it becomes possible to identify the components that caused vibrations at the moments when the passengers felt comfortable or uncomfortable, and to analyze the characteristics of the vibrations.
A Rule-Defined Adaptive MPC Based Motion Planner for Autonomous Driving Applications
Authors: Sathyamangalam Imran Mohammed Irshadh Ismaaeel , Awasthi Satyesh Shanker , Khayyat Michael , Arrigoni Stefano , Braghin Francesco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn autonomous driving systems, motion planning to reach a given destination while avoiding obstacles becomes a task entirely managed by the on-board unit. In this work, we present a rule-defined motion planning algorithm for autonomous driving applications based on an adaptive Model Predictive Controller (MPC) framework. The motion planning task is first formulated as an Optimal Control Problem (OCP) subject to time-varying Control Barrier Function (CBF) constraints. It is then integrated within an MPC framework with adaptive weights settings, enabling the algorithm to dynamically adjust the MPC weights according to the rule-defined driving scenarios. The developed motion planner generates optimized trajectories for a high-fidelity Autonomous Vehicle (AV) model within IPG CarMaker software. Simulations performed showed that the developed motion planner adeptly facilitates successful overtaking, following, and stopping of the AV behind the Obstacle Vehicle (OV) based on rule-defined scenarios perceived by the AV.
Investigating Reversing Motion of Truck-Semitrailer Along Clothoid Curve
Authors: Mihályi Levente , Takács Dénes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe focus of the research is on the most common transport vehicle, the truck-semitrailer combination. A single-track kinematic model is used, supplemented by the dynamics of the steering system, to design a linear state feedback controller for the low-speed path-following problem in reverse. Despite the significant time delay considered in our study, the linear stability of the system is ensured, even for complicated maneuvers. The advantages of the adaptive gain tuning method are presented based on simulations of the commonly used 90-degree alley dock.
Nipple–Areola Complex Reconstruction Using FixNip NRI Implant after Mastectomy: An Innovative Technique
Authors: Iacovelli Serena , De Palma Giuseppe , De Santis Valerio , Cutrignelli Daniela Anna , Armenio Andrea , Bove Samantha , Comes Maria Colomba , Fanizzi Annarita , Vitale Elsa , Massafra Raffaella , Ressa Cosmo Maurizio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Nipple–areolar complex reconstruction is the final stage of breast reconstruction, and it improves quality of life in patients with post-mastectomy breast cancer. We present a case of a patient with breast cancer underwent breast reconstruction and subsequent nipple–areolar complex reconstruction with an innovative biocompatible smooth silicone implant specially designed for a long-lasting restoration of the nipple–areola complex called FixNip NRI. However, to our knowledge, nipple–areolar complex reconstruction with FixNip was not previously reported.

Innovative Technique
We present an emerging technique applied on a patient with breast cancer treated with skin-sparing mastectomy and with immediate breast reconstruction using an expander and then exchanged expander to breast implant. FixNip nipple reconstruction implant is implanted for the reconstruction of the areola–nipple complex with local–regional anaesthesia. She did not develop any postoperatively short-term or long-term complications, and her nipple slowly underwent to a gradual and better definition of its profile.

Conclusion
This new approach regarding the reconstruction of the nipple–areola complex seems to be very promising in relation to both the degree of aesthetic satisfaction of patients and the ease of use by surgeons.

Level of Evidence V
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Appendicitis in children: correlation between the surgical and histological diagnosis
Authors: Fadgyas Balazs , Monostori Georgina , Ori Dorottya , Vajda Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Study was designed in order to evaluate the discrepancies between surgical and histological diagnosis in pediatric acute appendicitis (AA) and to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic (LA) and open appendectomies (OA).

Methods
In a retrospective observational cohort, AA patients were included under 18 years of age, operated between 2011 and 2020. Surgical diagnosis was defined by the operating surgeon. The histological findings were classified as uncomplicated and complicated AA. The LOS and complications were also statistically analyzed.

Results
Altogether, 1444 patients were included. Significant strong correlation and a moderate to substantial agreement were found between the surgeon’s and the histopathological findings in all appendectomy cases (weighted kappa value in OA: 0.633, LA: 0.639, total sample: 0.637). If the surgeon’s diagnosis was less severe than the pathologist’s, the LOS was 4 (3;7) days, whereas if the surgical diagnosis was correct, the LOS was 3 (3;5) days (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
In contrary to the literature, our study revealed a strong correlation and moderate agreement between the intraoperative and histopathological findings regarding the severity of AA. Complicated cases are distinctly recognizable during the surgery. In case the surgeon underestimates the severity of AA, the chance of complications is higher.
Level of evidence: II
The prevalence of abnormal semen parameters in male partners of women with anovulatory polycystic ovarian syndrome: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Aschauer Judith , Ott Johannes , Selzer Clara , Ghobrial Stefan , Fitz Victoria , Hager Marlene 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility, often requiring ovarian stimulation in affected women attempting to conceive. Male partner semen quality and shared lifestyle factors can significantly impact reproductive outcomes. However, current international guidelines lack evidence-based recommendations on the necessity and timing of semen analysis for the fertility management of anovulatory PCOS women.

Methods
In a retrospective case–control study, semen analysis results of male partners of 187 anovulatory PCOS women scheduled for ovarian stimulation were analyzed and compared to a control group of 76 male partners of women with bilateral tubal occlusion.

Results
The prevalence of semen analysis results with at least one parameter classified as “borderline” and “pathological” among male partners of women with PCOS eligible to undergo ovarian stimulation was 51.3% and 22.5%, compared to 44.7% and 13.2% in the control group, respectively (p = 0.027). In the PCOS group, male body mass index (odds ratio, OR 1.478, p < 0.001), and smoking status (OR 6.228, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of pathological sperm test results, while no association was observed with any female characteristics (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
The high frequency of pathological sperm analysis results provides lacking epidemiological data on semen quality in this population, emphasizing the critical need for early male fertility evaluation prior to ovarian stimulation in PCOS women. Moreover, our findings indicate that the risk prediction for abnormal semen quality cannot be based on the female’s data.
The effect of head orientation on vestibular signal-based modulation of paraspinal muscle activity during walking
Authors: Li Yiyuan C. , Lemaire Koen K. , Bruijn Sjoerd M. , Brumagne Simon , van Dieën Jaap H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Vestibulospinal reflexes play a role in maintaining the upright posture of the trunk. Head orientation has been shown to modify the vestibulospinal reflexes during standing. This study investigated how vestibular signals affect paraspinal muscle activity during walking, and whether head orientation changes these effects.

Methods
Sixteen participants were instructed to walk on a treadmill for 8 min at 78 steps/min and 2.8 km/h in four conditions defined by the presence of electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS) and by head orientation (facing forward and facing leftward), while bipolar electromyography (EMG) was recorded bilaterally from the paraspinal muscles from cervical to lumbar levels.

Results
In both head orientations, significant phasic EVS-EMG coherence in the paraspinal muscles was observed at ipsilateral and/or contralateral heel strikes. Compared to walking with the head forward, a significant decrease was found in EVS-evoked responses (i.e., EVS-EMG coherence and gain) when participants walked with the leftward head orientation, with which EVS induced disturbance in the sagittal plane. This overall decrease can be explained by less need of feedback control for walking stabilization in the sagittal plane compared to in the frontal plane. The decrease in coherence was only significant at the left lower vertebral levels and at the right upper vertebral levels around left heel strikes.

Conclusion
These findings confirm the contribution of the vestibular afferent signals to the control of paraspinal muscle activity during walking and indicate that this control is changed in response to different head orientations.

Graphical abstract
MGMT methylation and its prognostic significance in inoperable IDH-wildtype glioblastoma: the MGMT-GBM study
Authors: Ghimire Prajwal , Kamaludin Ahmad , Palau Berta F. , Lavrador Jose P. , Gullan Richard , Vergani Francesco , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Ashkan Keyoumars 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The methylation of the O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter is a valid biomarker for predicting response to therapy with alkylating agents and, independently, prognosis in IDH-wildtype(IDH-w) glioblastoma. We aim to study the impact of its methylation in overall survival of the unresectable IDH-w glioblastoma undergoing biopsy and systemic treatment.

Methods
We collected six-year retrospective (2017–2023) data at a quaternary neurosurgery center for patients undergoing biopsy as the only surgical procedure for an unresectable IDH wildtype glioblastoma. Data was collected from patient records including neuro-oncology multidisciplinary team meeting (MDT) documentation. Patients were grouped into categories according to different types of treatment received after biopsy (no treatment, chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy (RT), chemoradiotherapy (CRT), chemoradiotherapy with adjuvant temozolomide (CRT with adjuvant TMZ), EORTC-NCIC protocol followed by second line treatment) and according to methylation status (unmethylated (< 5%), borderline methylated (5–15%) and strongly methylated (> 15%)). Survival analysis was performed.

Results
166 glioblastoma IDH wildtype patients were included in the study with mean age of 62.5 years (M: F = 1.5: 1). 70 (49.3%) patients had unmethylated MGMT status (< 5%), 29 (20.4%) patients had borderline methylated MGMT status (5–15%) and 43 (30.2%) patients had methylated MGMT status (> 15%). 36 (25.3%) patients did not receive any treatment post biopsy, 13 (9.1%) received CT only, 27 (19%) RT only, 12 (8.4%) CRT, 33 (23.2%) CRT with adjuvant TMZ, whereas 21 (14.7%) received EORTC-NCIC protocol along with second line treatment.
In biopsy only group, there was no notable difference in survival outcomes among the different methylation statuses. For biopsy and any-other-form-of-treatment methylated groups showed a distinct trend of better survival compared to the borderline or unmethylated groups. Overall, methylated patients had better survival as compared to unmethylated or borderline groups.

Conclusion
Methylated MGMT status are predictors for better overall survival in unresectable IDH wildtype glioblastoma patients undergoing biopsy and treatment regardless of the treatment modality.
Temperature-Dependent Rotation of Protonated Methyl Groups in Otherwise Deuterated Proteins Modulates DEER Distance Distributions
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Stadnytskyi Valentyn 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Temperature-dependent DEER effects are observed as a function of methyl rotation by either leucine- or nitroxide-specific protonated methyl groups in an otherwise deuterated background. Both species induce a site-specific enhancement in the apparent T
m relaxation of the paramagnetic nitroxide label. The presence of a single protonated methyl group in close proximity (4–10 Å) to only one of the two nitroxide rotamer ensembles in AviTagged immunoglobulin-binding B domain of protein A results in a selective and substantial decrease in T
m, manifested by differential decay of the peak intensities in the bimodal P(r) distance distribution as a function of the total dipolar evolution time, temperature, or both. The temperature-dependent differential decay of the individual distance components was globally analyzed by fitting the DEER dipolar time traces to a three-site jump model that is defined by the activation energy of leucine- or nitroxide-specific methyl rotation. Temperature-assisted Tm filtering will capture the DEER structural analysis of biomolecular systems heterogenic conformations, including complexes involving multimeric proteins.
Dance displays in gibbons: biological and linguistic perspectives on structured, intentional, and rhythmic body movement
Authors: Coye Camille , Caspar Kai R. , Patel-Grosz Pritty 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Female crested gibbons (genus Nomascus) perform conspicuous sequences of twitching movements involving the rump and extremities. However, these dances have attracted little scientific attention and their structure and meaning remain largely obscure. Here we analyse close-range video recordings of captive crested gibbons, extracting descriptions of dance in four species (N. annamensis, N. gabriellae, N. leucogenys and N. siki). In addition, we report results from a survey amongst relevant professionals clarifying behavioural contexts of dance in captive and wild crested gibbons. Our results demonstrate that dances in Nomascus represent a common and intentional form of visual communication restricted to sexually mature females. Whilst primarily used as a proceptive signal to solicit copulation, dances occur in a wide range of contexts related to arousal and/or frustration in captivity. A linguistically informed view of this sequential behaviour demonstrates that movement within dances is organized in groups and follows an isochronous rhythm — patterns not described for visual displays in other non-human primates. We argue that applying the concept of dance to gibbons allows us to expand our understanding of communication in non-human primates and to develop hypotheses on the rules and regularities characterising it. We propose that crested gibbon dances likely evolved from less elaborate rhythmic proceptive signals, similar to those found in siamangs. Although dance displays in humans and crested gibbons share a number of key characteristics, they cannot be assumed to be homologous. Nevertheless, gibbon dances represent a striking model behaviour to investigate the use of complex gestural signals in hominoid primates.
A review of graph neural network applications in mechanics-related domains
Authors: Zhao Yingxue , Li Haoran , Zhou Haosu , Attar Hamid Reza , Pfaff Tobias , Li Nan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMechanics-related tasks often present unique challenges in achieving accurate geometric and physical representations, particularly for non-uniform structures. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a promising tool to tackle these challenges by adeptly learning from graph data with irregular underlying structures. Consequently, recent years have witnessed a surge in complex mechanics-related applications inspired by the advancements of GNNs. Despite this process, there is a notable absence of a systematic review addressing the recent advancement of GNNs in solving mechanics-related tasks. To bridge this gap, this review article aims to provide an in-depth overview of the GNN applications in mechanics-related domains while identifying key challenges and outlining potential future research directions. In this review article, we begin by introducing the fundamental algorithms of GNNs that are widely employed in mechanics-related applications. We provide a concise explanation of their underlying principles to establish a solid understanding that will serve as a basis for exploring the applications of GNNs in mechanics-related domains. The scope of this paper is intended to cover the categorisation of literature into solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, and interdisciplinary mechanics-related domains, providing a comprehensive summary of graph representation methodologies, GNN architectures, and further discussions in their respective subdomains. Additionally, open data and source codes relevant to these applications are summarised for the convenience of future researchers. This article promotes an interdisciplinary integration of GNNs and mechanics and provides a guide for researchers interested in applying GNNs to solve complex mechanics-related tasks.
METEOSAT Long-Term Observations Reveal Changes in Convective Organization Over Tropical Africa and Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Roca Rémy , Fiolleau Thomas , John Viju O. , Schulz Jörg 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the tropics, deep convection, which is often organized into convective systems, plays a crucial role in the water and energy cycles by significantly contributing to surface precipitation and forming upper-level ice clouds. The arrangement of these deep convective systems, as well as their individual properties, has recently been recognized as a key feature of the tropical climate. Using data from Africa and the tropical Atlantic Ocean as a case study, recent shifts in convective organization have been analyzed through a well-curated, unique record of METEOSAT observations spanning four decades. The findings indicate a significant shift in the occurrence of deep convective systems, characterized by a decrease in large, short-lived systems and an increase in smaller, longer-lived ones. This shift, combined with a nearly constant deep cloud fraction over the same period, highlights a notable change in convective organization. These new observational insights are valuable for refining emerging kilometer-scale climate models that accurately represent individual convective systems but struggle to realistically simulate their overall arrangement.