bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Water Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Using Coupled Continuum and Pore‐Network Models
Authors: Medici E. F. , Zenyuk I. V. , Parkinson D. Y. , Weber A. Z. , Allen J. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWater management remains a critical issue for polymer electrolyte fuel cell performance and durability, especially at lower temperatures and with ultrathin electrodes. To understand and explain experimental observations better, water transport in gas diffusion layers (GDLs) with macroscopically heterogeneous morphologies was simulated using a novel coupling of continuum and pore‐network models. X‐ray computed tomography was used to extract GDL material parameters for use in the pore‐network model. The simulations were conducted to explain experimental observations associated with stacking of anode GDLs, where stacking of the anode GDLs increased the limiting current density. Through imaging, it is shown that the stacked anode GDL exhibited an interfacial region of high porosity. The coupled model shows that this morphology allowed more efficient water movement through the anode and higher temperatures at the cathode compared to the single GDL case. As a result, the cathode exhibited less flooding and hence better low temperature performance with the stacked anode GDL.
Polygenic Epidemiology
Authors: Dudbridge Frank 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTMuch of the genetic basis of complex traits is present on current genotyping products, but the individual variants that affect the traits have largely not been identified. Several traditional problems in genetic epidemiology have recently been addressed by assuming a polygenic basis for disease and treating it as a single entity. Here I briefly review some of these applications, which collectively may be termed polygenic epidemiology. Methodologies in this area include polygenic scoring, linear mixed models, and linkage disequilibrium scoring. They have been used to establish a polygenic effect, estimate genetic correlation between traits, estimate how many variants affect a trait, stratify cases into subphenotypes, predict individual disease risks, and infer causal effects using Mendelian randomization. Polygenic epidemiology will continue to yield useful applications even while much of the specific variation underlying complex traits remains undiscovered.
Facies controls on the distribution of diagenetic alterations in fan delta deposits: a case study from the Lower Cretaceous sandstone, Chagan Sag, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wei W. , Zhu Xiaomin , Tan Mingxuan , Wu Chenbingjie , Guo Dianbin , Su Hui , Jiang Feihu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBy integrating diagenesis and sedimentary facies, the distribution of diagenetic alterations and their impacts on reservoir quality were investigated within a lacustrine fan delta depositional environment in the Lower Cretaceous of the Western sub‐sag in the Chagan Sag, Yin‐E Basin, northern China. Core observation and analyses of petrography and geochemistry of the sandstones revealed that the eogenetic alterations display spatial and temporal distribution patterns associated with sedimentary facies, including distributary channels of a fan delta front (DC), distributary bays (DB) and sheet sands (SS) and mouth bar (MB) (SS and MB are collectively referred to as S). Percolation of meteoric waters occurring in high permeability DC sandstones resulted in leaching of feldspar, the formation of kaolinite, as well as mechanical infiltrated clays around detrital grains. Conversely, the DB deposits containing abundant ductile lithic fragments were subjected to mechanical compaction and thus the development of a pseudomatrix. During a long burial residence time (the Early Cretaceous period) in a lacustrine environment, abundant early carbonate cements were precipitated, especially in the distal S sandstones. The sandstones lacking eogenetic cements were subjected to stronger mechanical compaction. Additionally, eogenetic alterations have an important impact on the distribution of the mesogenetic alterations. Sandstones containing few eogenetic cements or thin or discontinuous infiltrated clay rims around the detrital grains were subjected to quartz cementation. However, during the hydrocarbon generation stage, the most efficient percolation of meteoric waters and organic acid dissolved feldspar minerals and carbonate cements, resulted in DC sandstones having more intragranular and intergranular porosity. Owing to high matrix contents and early calcite cement contents, the DB and S sandstones had lower permeability and were rarely dissolved. During the late mesogenetic stage, late carbonate cements occurred in all sedimentary facies and iron and magnesium ions were released from the transformation from kaolinite to illite or to chlorite. The results from this study show possible diagenetic evolutionary pathways in the reservoir sandstones within the fan delta depositional environment, which in turn provides some insights into the controls on reservoir potential. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validity of the three apathy items of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐3A) in measuring apathy in older persons
Authors: Bertens Anne Suzanne , Moonen Justine E.F. , de Waal Margot W.M. , Foster‐Dingley Jessica C. , de Ruijter Wouter , Gussekloo Jacobijn , van der Mast Roos C. , de Craen Anton J.M. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveThe Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)‐3A, a three‐item subset of the GDS‐15, is increasingly used as a measure for apathy in research settings to assess factors associating with this neuropsychiatric syndrome. We aimed to assess how accurately the GDS‐3A discriminates between presence and absence of apathy in two populations of community‐dwelling older persons, using the Apathy Scale as reference standard.MethodsBaseline data were used from 427 participants of the Discontinuation of Antihypertensive Treatment in Elderly people (DANTE) Study Leiden and 1118 participants of the PROactive Management Of Depression in the Elderly (PROMODE) Study, all ≥75 years and with available GDS‐3A and Apathy Scale measurements. A cut‐off score of ≥14 was used for presence of apathy according to the Apathy Scale. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. Based on the likelihood ratios for GDS‐3A scores, a cut‐off of ≥2 was used for presence of apathy according to the GDS‐3A to calculate test characteristics.ResultsThe AUC was 0.68 (95% confidence interval 0.62–0.73) in the DANTE Study and 0.72 (0.67–0.77) in the PROMODE Study. In the DANTE Study sensitivity was 29.3% (21.4–38.1) and specificity was 88.5% (84.4–91.8), whereas in the PROMODE Study sensitivity was 32.8% (24.5–41.1) and specificity 92.6% (90.9–94.2). Stratification on population characteristics did not yield more favourable test characteristics.ConclusionThe GDS‐3A has low sensitivity and high specificity as a measure of apathy in two populations of older persons. Using the GDS‐3A in research might yield estimates biassed towards the null in case of non‐differential misclassification. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pools of programmed death‐ligand within the oral cavity tumor microenvironment: Variable alteration by targeted therapies
Authors: Shah Sujay , Caruso Andria , Cash Harrison , Waes Carter Van , Allen Clint T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced understanding of programmed death‐ligand (PD‐L) expression in oral cancer is important for establishing rational combinations of emerging immune checkpoint and molecular targeted therapies.MethodsWe assessed PD‐L and interferon (IFN) expression in immunogenic murine oral cancer‐1 (MOC1) and poorly immunogenic MOC2 cell models after treatment with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and MEK1/2 small molecule inhibitors in vitro and in vivo.ResultsPD‐L1 but not PD‐L2 is expressed on MOC1 and 2 cells and is type I and II IFN‐dependent. PD‐L1 is differentially expressed on cancer and endothelial cells and infiltrating myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, macrophages, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in highly and poorly immunogenic tumors. PD‐L1 expression is variably altered after treatment with inhibitors in vivo, with an imperfect relationship to alterations in IFN levels in the tumor microenvironment.ConclusionPD‐L1 expressed on cancer and infiltrating immune cells is variably altered by targeted therapies and may, in part, reflect changes in tumor IFN. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1176–1186, 2016
Antitumor effect of CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 on the tumorigenic cell line of BHP10‐3 papillary thyroid cancer cells
Authors: Jung Young Ho , Lee Doh Young , Cha Wonjae , Kim Bo Hae , Sung Myung‐Whun , Kim Kwang Hyun , Ahn Soon‐Hyun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundA tumorigenic cell line (BHP10‐3M) derived from nontumorigenic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells (BHP10‐3) having rearranged during transfection (RET)/PTC1 gene rearrangement might have a higher expression of CXCR4, either quantitatively or functionally. The authors also postulated that CXCR4‐mediated invasion or tumorigenesis could be blocked by CXCR4 antagonists, including AMD3100.MethodsThe expression of CXCR4 in BHP10‐3 and BHP10‐3M cells was assessed using immunoblot analysis, flow cytometry, and quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The effect of AMD3100 on BHP10‐3 and BHP10‐3M cell lines was evaluated using cell proliferation assay, invasion assay, and tumor growth experiment in nude mice.ResultsImmunoblotting, flow cytometry, and quantitative RT‐PCR proved that BHP10‐3M cells expressed a higher level of CXCR4 than BHP10‐3 cells. Although blocking CXCR4 with AMD3100 did not suppress cell proliferation in both cell lines from 1 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL concentration, AMD3100 suppressed invasion of BHP10‐3M cells in vitro in a dose‐dependent manner. At higher concentrations from 103 ng/mL to 105 ng/mL, the proliferation of BHP10‐3M cells was inhibited more strongly by AMD3100 than that of BHP10‐3 cells. Intraperitoneal injection of AMD3100 inhibited tumor formation by BHP10‐3M cells in the thyroid of nude mice.ConclusionA tumorigenic cell line (BHP10‐3M) of PTC showed higher expression of CXCR4 quantitatively and functionally than a nontumorigenic cell line (BHP10‐3). The CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100) showed a significant antitumor effect on the tumorigenic cell line of PTC BHP10‐3 cells both in vitro and in vivo. CXCR4 antagonist can be expected to have an adjuvant role in the management of PTC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: First–1486, 2016
Numerical Investigation of the Magnetic Field Effects on the Entropy Generation and Heat Transfer in a Nanofluid Filled Cavity with Natural Convection
Authors: Mohammadpourfard Mousa , Aminfar Habib , Ahangar Zonouzi Sajjad 
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a numerical investigation of the entropy generation and heat transfer in a ferrofluid (water and 4% Fe3O4 nanoparticles) filled cavity with natural convection using a two phase mixture model and control volume technique. The effect of applying a nonuniform magnetic field on the entropy generation and heat transfer in the cavity and also the interaction of magnetic force and the buoyancy force are investigated.Based on the obtained results, applying a magnetic field will enhance the heat transfer mechanism. Furthermore, by applying the nonuniform magnetic field on the ferrofluid filled cavity with natural convection, the total entropy generation is decreased considerably at higher Rayleigh numbers. Therefore, applying a magnetic field can be considered as a suitable method for entropy generation minimization in order to have high efficiency in the system.
Submarine groundwater discharge revealed by aerial thermal infrared imagery: a case study on Jeju Island, Korea
Authors: Lee Eunhee , Kang Ki‐mook , Hyun Sung Pil , Lee Kil‐Yong , Yoon Heesung , Kim Seung Hee , Kim Yongcheol , Xu Zhen , Kim Duk‐jin , Koh Dong‐Chan , Ha Kyoochul 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSubmarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a global phenomenon that carries large volumes of groundwater and dissolved chemical species such as nutrient, metals, and organic compounds to coastal zones. We report the influence of SGD on the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea, using high‐resolution aerial thermal infrared (TIR) mapping techniques and field investigations. An aircraft‐based system was implemented using a cost‐effective TIR camera for aerial TIR mapping. Ground‐based calibrations and system integration with GPS/IMU (global positioning system/inertial measurement unit) were performed for the aerial systems. The aerial surveys showed distinct low‐temperature signatures of SGD along the coasts of Jeju Island, revealing large groundwater inputs from the coastal aquifers to the ocean. Multiple aerial surveys over a range of seasons and tidal stages revealed that SGD rates dynamically affect the sea surface temperature (SST) of the coastal zone. The in‐situ measurements supported that SGD has a substantial influence on the coastal water chemistry as well as SST. Our observations highlight the extent to which aerial‐based TIR mapping can serve as a powerful tool for studying SGD and other coastal processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro and in vivo degradation of potential anti‐adhesion materials: Electrospun membranes of poly(ester‐amide) based on l‐phenylalanine and p‐(dioxanone)
Authors: Wang Bing , Dong Jun , Niu Lijing , Chen Wenyan , Chen Dongliang , Shen Chengyi , Zhu Jiang , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractElectrospun membranes of poly(p‐dioxanone‐co‐l‐phenylalanine) (PDPA) hold potential as an anti‐adhesion material. Since adjustable degradation properties are important for anti‐adhesion materials, in this study, the in vitro and in vivo degradation processes of PDPA electrospun membranes were investigated in detail. The morphological analysis of these membranes revealed the main degradation conditions of PDPA membranes. The weight remaining and molecular weight variation showed that the overall degradation rate of the membranes could be adjusted by modulating the molecular structure of the PDPAs. Especially, α‐chymotrypsin could catalyze the degradation process of PDPAs. Based on these results, the in vitro degradation mechanism was demonstrated, and confirmed by 1H NMR of the hydrolysis products. Finally, the in vivo degradation and biocompatibility of different PDPAs were investigated. The kinetic study showed that the in vitro and in vivo molecular weight loss of PDPAs have the first‐order characteristics. The in vivo degradation rate of the most Phe‐containing PDPA‐3 is the slowest, and this result relates to the biocompatibilities of PDPAs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1369–1378, 2017.
Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Hip Fracture Incidence in Older Men and Women: The CHANCES Project
Authors: Benetou Vassiliki , Orfanos Philippos , Feskanich Diane , Michaëlsson Karl , Pettersson-Kymmer Ulrika , Eriksson Sture , Grodstein Francine , Wolk Alicja , Bellavia Andrea , Ahmed Luai A , Boffeta Paolo , Trichopoulou Antonia 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

The role of fruit and vegetable intake in relation to fracture prevention during adulthood and beyond is not adequately understood. We investigated the potential association between fruit and vegetable intake and hip fracture incidence in a large sample of older adults from Europe and the United States. A total of 142,018 individuals (116,509 women) aged ≥60 years, from five cohorts, were followed up prospectively for 1,911,482 person-years, accumulating 5552 hip fractures. Fruit and vegetable intake was assessed by validated, cohort-specific, food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Ηip fractures were ascertained through national patient registers or telephone interviews/questionnaires. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) derived by Cox proportional hazards regression were estimated for each cohort and subsequently pooled using random effects meta-analysis. Intake of ≤1 serving/day of fruit and vegetables combined was associated with 39% higher hip fracture risk (pooled adjusted HR, 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 1.58) in comparison with moderate intake (&gt;3 and ≤5 servings/day) (pfor heterogeneity = 0.505), whereas higher intakes (&gt;5 servings/day) were not associated with lower risk in comparison with the same reference. Associations were more evident among women. We concluded that a daily intake of 1 or &lt;1 servings of fruits and vegetables was associated with increased hip fracture risk in relation to moderate daily intakes. Older adults with such low fruit and vegetable consumption may benefit from raising their intakes to moderate amounts in order to reduce their hip fracture risk. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Comprehensive DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Profiling in Differentiating Human Adipocytes
Authors: van den Dungen Myrthe W. , Murk Albertinka J. , Kok Dieuwertje E. , Steegenga Wilma T. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTInsight into the processes controlling adipogenesis is important in the battle against the obesity epidemic and its related disorders. The transcriptional regulatory cascade involved in adipocyte differentiation has been extensively studied, however, the mechanisms driving the transcription activation are still poorly understood. In this study, we explored the involvement of DNA methylation in transcriptional regulation during adipocyte differentiation of primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Genome‐wide changes in DNA methylation were measured using the Illumina 450K BeadChip. In addition, expression of 84 adipogenic genes was determined, of which 43 genes showed significant expression changes during the differentiation process. Among these 43 differentially expressed genes, differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were detected in only three genes. By comparing genome‐wide DNA methylation profiles in undifferentiated and differentiated adipocytes 793 significant DMRs were detected. Pathway analysis revealed the adipogenesis pathway as the most statistically significant, although only a small number of genes were differentially methylated. Genome‐wide DNA methylation changes for single probes were most often located in intergenic regions, and underrepresented close to the transcription start site. In conclusion, DNA methylation remained relatively stable during adipocyte differentiation, implying that changes in DNA methylation are not the underlying mechanism regulating gene expression during adipocyte differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2707–2718, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparations of Saturated N‐P‐N Type Secondary Phosphine Oxides and their Applications in Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Chang Yu‐Chang , Liang Ya‐Han , Hong Fung‐E 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA series of cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine (3a–3d) and benzene‐1,2‐diamine derivatives (3e–3h) were pre‐ pared. Followed by hydrolysis, the reaction of 3a–3c with PCl3 successfully led to the formation of cor‐ responding metastable saturated heteroatom‐substituted secondary phosphine oxides (HASPO 4a–4c), a tautomer of the saturated heteroatom‐substituted phosphinous acid (HAPA). Whereas ambient‐stable diamine‐coordinated palladium complexes were obtained, HAPA‐coordinated palladium complexes were not successfully synthesized. The molecular structures of HASPO 4c, Pd(OAc)2(3a), PdBr2(3b) and Pd(OAc)2(3c) and [Cu(NO3)(3d)+][NO3−] were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method. Catalysis of in‐situ Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions for aryl bromides and phenylboronic acid using diamine 3a as ancillary ligand showed that the optimized reaction condition at 60 °C is the combination of 2 mmol % 3a/3.0 mmol KOH/1.0 mL 1,4‐dioxane/1 mmol % Pd(OAc)2. Moreover, moderate reactivity was observed when using aryl chlorides as substrates (supporting infor‐ mation). When diamine 3d was employed in Heck reaction, good tolerance of functional groups of aryl bromides were observed while using 4‐bromoanisole and styrene as substrates. The optimized condi‐ tion for Heck reaction at 100 °C is 3 mmol % 3d/3.0 mmol CsF/1.0 mL toluene/3 mmol % Pd(OAc)2. In general, cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine derivatives exhibited better catalytic properties than those of benzene‐1,2‐diamines.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of High Crystalline Cerium Hexaboride Nanoparticles from CeO2‐B2O3‐Mg Ternary System
Authors: Torabi Omid , Naghibi Sanaz , Golabgir Mohammad‐Hossein , Jamshidi Amin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHigh crystalline cerium hexaboride (CeB6) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using mixture of mag‐ nesium (Mg), cerium oxide (CeO2) and boron oxide (B2O3) via the mechanochemical process at room tem‐ perature. Based on the results, magnesiothermic reduction of B2O3 occurred after about 2 h of milling in a mechanically induced self‐sustaining reaction (MSR). The significant amount of heat produced by the reduction reaction resulted in CeO2 reduction to elemental Ce which finally reacted with elemental B and formed CeB6 compound. According to XRD analyses, the degree of crystallinity and lattice parameter of the product was calculated about 93 % and 4.1458 Å, respectively. The morphology observations revealed that the synthesized CeB6 had semi‐cubic shape with the range of size 25–60 nm. The synthesis of CeB6 during the thermal treatment was studied by simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) technique. It was found that the reduction of B2O3 took place after melting of Mg meanwhile, no CeB6 phase achieved even up to 1100 °C.
One‐pot and Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of New Spiroindolones Using Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes as Powerful Catalyst
Authors: Rashidi Alimorad , Tavakoli Ziba , Tarak Yaser , Khodabakhshi Saeed , Abbasabadi Masoud Khaleghi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMultiwall carbon nanotubes were functionalized and then used as powerful nanocatalyst for the one‐pot, three‐component synthesis of new spiroindolones. Functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (FMWCNTs) showed a good catalytic ability and recyclability in the current reaction. The present strategy offers some interesting advantages such as simplicity, high yields of products, and non‐toxic nature.
Predictors of Posttraumatic Growth and Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity in Undergraduates Reporting Potentially Traumatic Events
Authors: Owens Gina P. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveIndividuals often struggle to understand traumatic events. For some not yet able to successfully process the trauma, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS) may result, while others may report posttraumatic growth (PTG). The present study examined personality characteristics, attachment, and meaning made as predictors of PTG and PTS symptom severity.MethodUndergraduates reporting potentially traumatic events (N = 229) completed measures through an online survey. Over half of participants (64%) were female, with a mean age of 19 years.ResultsHigher extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness and lower meaning made and attachment avoidance significantly predicted higher PTG. Lower neuroticism and attachment anxiety and higher meaning made significantly predicted lower PTS severity. The Meaning Made x Attachment Anxiety interaction significantly predicted PTS severity.ConclusionDifferent facets of personality and attachment style affect PTG and PTS symptom severity. Meaning made seems especially relevant to PTS severity. These constructs may be important for clinicians working with trauma survivors to help lower distress and promote growth.