bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review of Safety and Cost-Effectiveness of Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Strategies in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy for Brain Tumor
Authors: Algattas Hanna , Damania Dushyant , DeAndrea-Lazarus Ian , Kimmell Kristopher T , Marko Nicholas F , Walter Kevin A , Vates G Edward , Jahromi Babak S 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Studies have evaluated various strategies to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in neuro-oncology patients, without consensus.

OBJECTIVE
To perform a systematic review with cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of various prophylaxis strategies in tumor patients undergoing craniotomy to determine the safest and most cost-effective prophylaxis regimen.

METHODS
A literature search was conducted for VTE prophylaxis in brain tumor patients. Articles reporting the type of surgery, choice of VTE prophylaxis, and outcomes were included. Safety of prophylaxis strategies was determined by measuring rates of VTE and intracranial hemorrhage. Cost estimates were collected based on institutional data and existing literature. CEA was performed at 30 d after craniotomy, comparing the following strategies: mechanical prophylaxis (MP), low molecular weight heparin with MP (MP+LMWH), and unfractionated heparin with MP (MP+UFH) to prevent symptomatic VTE. All costs were reported in 2016 US dollars.

RESULTS
A total of 34 studies were reviewed (8 studies evaluated LMWH, 12 for MP, and 7 for UFH individually or in combination; 4 studies used LMWH and UFH preoperatively). Overall probability of VTE was 1.49% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42-3.72) for MP+UFH, 2.72% [95% CI 1.23-5.15] for MP+LMWH, and 2.59% (95% CI 1.31-4.58) for MP, which were not statistically significant. Compared to a control of MP alone, the number needed to treat for MP+UFH is 91 and 769 for MP+LMWH. The risk of intracranial hemorrhage was 0.26% (95% CI 0.01-1.34) for MP, 0.74% (95% CI 0.09-2.61) for MP+UFH, and 2.72% (95% CI 1.23-5.15) for MP+LMWH, which were also not statistically significant. Compared to MP, the number needed to harm for MP+UFH was 208 and for MP+LMWH was 41. Fifteen studies were included in the final CEA. The estimated cost of treatment was $127.47 for MP, $142.20 for MP+UFH, and $169.40 for MP+LMWH. The average cost per quality-adjusted life-year for different strategies was $284.14 for MP+UFH, $338.39 for MP, and $722.87 for MP+LMWH.

CONCLUSION
Although MP+LMWH is frequently considered the optimal prophylaxis for VTE risk reduction, our model suggests that MP+UFH is the safest and most cost-effective measure to balance VTE and hemorrhage risks in brain tumor patients at lower risk of hemorrhage. MP+LMWH may be more effective for patients at higher risk of VTE.
Integrating the Social Sciences
Authors: Calhoun Craig 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDistinctions among social science disciplines are historically forged and to some extent intellectually arbitrary. Connecting them is therefore crucial to fully addressing many important intellectual and practical concerns. This chapter analyzes three of the most important movements to shape interdisciplinary social science since World War II: area studies, quantitative methods, and problem-oriented research. All three were influenced by funding, by social change, and by desires to make knowledge practically useful. All three influenced basic as well as applied social science. And all three remained approaches that crosscut the disciplinary structure of social science rather than becoming the bases for new disciplines or academic departments. They remain important in themselves and as exemplars of interdisciplinary intellectual work and influence.
A Field of Its Own
Authors: Jasanoff Sheila 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This chapter presents science and technology studies (STS) as a new island in a preexisting disciplinary archipelago. As a field, STS combines two strands of work dealing, respectively, with the nature and practices of science and technology (S&T) and the relationships between science, technology, and society. As such, STS research focuses on distinctive objects of inquiry and employs novel discourses and methods. The field confronts three significant barriers to achieving greater intellectual coherence, and institutional recognition. First, it must persuade skeptical scientists and university administrators of the need for a critical perspective on S&T. Second, it must demonstrate that traditional disciplines do not adequately analyze S&T. Third, it has to overcome STS scholars’ reluctance to create intellectual boundaries and membership criteria that appear to exclude innovative work. A generation of scholars with graduate degrees in STS are helping to meet these challenges.
Humane Smart Cities
Authors: Costa Eduardo M. , Oliveira Álvaro D. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Humane smart cities is a new field of study that addresses what has to be done in cities to make them more livable and more in tune with their citizen’s wishes and needs. The concept is different from the existing smart city concept. The latter focuses on technology as the main driver of change. Humane smart cities use all the power of technology but only in direct connection with citizens’ needs. Boroughs should contain options for living, working, and playing in the same region. Transport should focus on walking, biking, and public transport rather than cars. Cocreation and close interaction between citizens and City Hall should become the norm. In short, the chapter examines how we can keep the good things we like in the city and avoid the bad ones that were brought about by poor planning and wrong models of urban development.
Interdisciplinary Learning
Authors: Mansilla Veronica Boix 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis chapter examines cognitive and epistemological foundations of interdisciplinary learning and their implications for quality interdisciplinary instruction. It shows that learning processes conducive to interdisciplinary integration reflect the plurality of interdisciplinary pursuits and disciplinary epistemologies—for example, from creating a historical monument to producing a complex explanation of overfishing. The chapter offers an epistemological framework to understand the cognitive demands of interdisciplinary learning and integration pointing to four processes in dynamic interaction: (1) establishing purpose; (2) weighing disciplinary insights; (3) building leveraging integrations, and (4) maintaining a critical stance. In interdisciplinary learning, such processes interact, informing one another as learning progresses iteratively. The result is a system of thought in reflective equilibrium—an improvement in understanding vis-à-vis prior beliefs, as well as an understanding subject to further revision. The framework is applied to two distinct examples of interdisciplinary work and implications for quality instruction are outlined
Addressing Wicked Problems through Transdisciplinary Research
Authors: Pohl Christian , Truffer Bernhard , Hirsch-Hadorn Gertrude 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn a number of European countries a particular understanding of transdisciplinarity has evolved over the last decades, initiated by research on environmental problems. The focus of this type of transdisciplinary research is on helping society solve wicked problems. A specific feature is that, in addition to researchers of different disciplines, representatives of civil society and the private and public sectors are involved in the research process. “Addressing Wicked Problems through Transdisciplinary Research” describes this type of transdisciplinary research, its roots, and the challenges to be dealt with when addressing wicked societal problems.
Managing Consensus in Inter- and Transdisciplinary Teams: Tasks and Expertise
Authors: Defila Rico , di Giulio Antonietta 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Collaborative problem framing is crucial to arrive at integrated results in inter- and transdisciplinary research projects. Its significance is supported by empirical evidence gained in a survey, which shows significant differences concerning common goals, language, and theoretical basis between teams who had achieved a synthesis and those that had not. A shared view of a problem and of how to deal with it is the starting point for inquiries of individuals and/or subprojects, and the point to return to after their results are available. Thus, balancing collaborative and individual work is crucial in managing such projects. Managing inter- or transdisciplinary projects covers a number of highly demanding processes taking place during their life span. It is a complex and demanding scientific task that could be called “content-rich moderation” (following the German “Inhaltsreiche Moderation”) to express its nature. To succeed, managers of inter- or transdisciplinary projects need different kinds of expertise.
Interdisciplinary Pedagogies in Higher Education
Authors: DeZure Debora 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
“Interdisciplinary Pedagogies in Higher Education” explores the increasing integration of goals for interdisciplinary learning in American higher education. The chapter begins with working definitions of interdisciplinary learning and the many factors that have led to its proliferation. It then reviews the elaboration of new methods to teach and to assess interdisciplinary learning, emerging models of interdisciplinary problem-solving, and practice-oriented resources and online tools to assist undergraduate, graduate, and professional students and their instructors with interdisciplinary problem-solving and communications in cross-disciplinary and interprofessional contexts. The chapter concludes with the impact of technology, for example, e-portfolios and other digital and technology-enabled tools, and evidence of an emerging body of scholarship of teaching and learning focused on interdisciplinary learning.
Facilitating Interdisciplinary Scholars
Authors: Pfirman Stephanie , Martin Paula J. S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
“Facilitating Interdisciplinary Scholars,” by Stephanie Pfirman and Paula J. S. Martin, explores approaches to interdisciplinary scholarship with comparison to disciplinary traditions in higher education. The authors investigate the particular challenges of interdisciplinary research, teaching, and service for scholars throughout different mileposts in a scholarly career. Ideas to support interdisciplinary faculty are presented, from the creation of the position, to the point of hire, and through a career timeline to tenure and posttenure review. As many institutions have barriers for scholars working between departments, frameworks to foster interdisciplinary collaboration are discussed. Special challenges in interdisciplinary scholarly productivity, scholarly recognition, evaluation, promotion, and funding are examined.
Interdisciplinarity in the Biological Sciences
Authors: Burggren Warren , Chapman Kent , Keller Bradley B. , Monticino Michael , Torday John S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The biological sciences have long benefited from the intellectual and pragmatic input of ideas and techniques from other disciplines, including medicine, chemistry, engineering, and mathematics. “Interdisciplinarity in the Biological Sciences” discusses the synergies that have emerged from the integration of these disciplines into the biological sciences, and uses examples to strongly advocate for such approaches. The reach of biology extends well beyond the sciences and technology into interdisciplinary interactions within the social sciences, arts, and humanities. Finally, interdisciplinary collaboration between various scientists, engineers, and mathematicians is not without its pitfalls and impediments, from both an individual and institutional perspective, so some potential hurdles to effective interdisciplinary research are outlined.
World Council of Churches
Authors: Heller Dagmar 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This chapter describes the World Council of Churches (WCC) from different angles, beginning with the description of it as ‘a fellowship of churches’ in its Basis, its purpose being to help the churches to call one other to visible unity, as formulated in its Constitution. Secondly, the chapter discusses the structural organization of the WCC, with its governing bodies and the working areas covering a variety of issues. That scope necessitates the use of a number of different methodologies, ranging from theological study of church-dividing issues and mission work to networking and advocacy with regard to environmental issues or questions of human rights. An outline of its history and main achievements leads to an evaluation of the significance of the WCC, highlighting its coordinating role for multilateral dialogue, and promotion of common action by the churches as of lasting importance.
Egyptian—Ptolemaic (Hieroglyphs)
Authors: Kurth Dieter 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
After a concise introduction, the chapter considers texts of varying length as examples of the literature that was written in hieroglyphs during the period of Roman rule in Egypt. The translated texts belong to the sphere of religious literature: litanies, hymns to several deities, and myths of creation. Other texts, more secular ones, contain descriptions of buildings and festivals or deal with religious astronomy. The reader will also find two texts reporting extraordinary incidents. The sphere of funeral belief is represented by some texts that shed light on the realm of the dead as it was conceived by the Egyptians. One of these texts touches the reader’s heart and mind, since it is an imaginary letter written by a deceased Egyptian lady to her former husband telling him about her sad destiny in the netherworld.
Patent Trolls and Patent Litigation Reform
Authors: Gugliuzza Paul R. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This chapter critically examines recent legislative proposals to reform patent litigation in the United States. It begins by providing background on the dynamics that are driving the calls for reform, including complaints about so-called patent trolls. It then reviews proposed bills that would, among other things, impose heightened pleading standards on plaintiffs, limit discovery, and create a presumption that the loser should pay the winner’s attorneys’ fees. After surveying many recent changes to patent law already made by the courts and by Congress in the America Invents Act, the chapter concludes by arguing that additional legislative reform is largely unnecessary. Rather, Congress should focus on discrete problems in patent litigation that the courts may be unable to solve on their own, such as the unusually heavy concentration of cases in the rural Eastern District of Texas.
The Archaeological Record of Indian Ocean Engagements in the Red Sea
Authors: Seland Eivind Heldaas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis chapter reviews the evidence, nature, and development of maritime contacts in the Red Sea and from the Red Sea into the western Indian Ocean from the Neolithic until the start of the Islamic period, c. 4000 BCE–700 CE. In addition to summarizing and highlighting recent archaeological research and ongoing scholarly debates, emphasis is placed on identifying and explaining periods of intensified as well as reduced interaction, and on the relationship between internal Red Sea dynamics and contacts with the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean worlds in light of climate, natural environment, hinterland interest, and a changing geopolitical situation.
Confucianism, Moral Education, and Childhood Development
Authors: Cline Erin M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This article discusses Confucian views on childhood moral development, focusing especially on accounts of moral cultivation in the classical and Han periods. Beginning very early, Confucians exhibited an understanding of the unique influence that parent–child relationships have on children’s moral development during the earliest stages of development, which led them to argue for the importance of moral cultivation and moral education not only during infancy and childhood, but even during the prenatal period. Through an examination of texts, including the Analects, Mengzi, Discourse on the States, Record of Ritual, Collected Biographies of Women and Protecting and Tutoring, as well as secondary literature on this topic, this article focuses on how we should understand Confucian accounts of the roles of parents, the family, ritual, and filial piety in the moral development of children.
OT J002656.6+284933 (CSS101212:002657+284933): an SU UMa-type dwarf nova with the longest superhump period
Authors: Kato Taichi , Tordai Tamás , Littlefield Colin , Kasai Kiyoshi , Shugarov Sergey Yu. , Katysheva Natalia , Zaostrojnykh Anna M. , Pickard Roger D. , de Miguel Enrique , Antonyuk Kirill , Antonyuk Oksana , Pavlenko Elena P. , Pit Nikolai , Itoh Hiroshi , Ruiz Javier , Isogai Keisuke , Kimura Mariko , Wakamatsu Yasuyuki , Vanmunster Tonny , Stone Geoff 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We observed the 2016 outburst of OT J002656.6+284933 (CSS101212:002657+284933) and found that it has the longest recorded [0.13225(1) d on average] superhumps among SU UMa-type dwarf novae. The object is the third known SU UMa-type dwarf nova above the period gap. The outburst, however, was unlike ordinary long-period SU UMa-type dwarf novae in that it showed two post-outburst rebrightenings. It showed superhump evolution similar to short-period SU UMa-type dwarf novae. We could constrain the mass ratio to less than 0.15 (most likely between 0.10 and 0.15) by using superhump periods in the early and post-superoutburst stages. These results suggest the possibility that OT J002656.6+284933 has an anomalously undermassive secondary and it should have followed a different evolutionary track from the standard one.
Individual and Regional Determinants for Physical Therapy Utilization in Germany: Multilevel Analysis of National Survey Data
Authors: Rommel Alexander , Kroll Lars Eric 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background. Physical therapy is included in many clinical guidelines and is a commonly used health service. However, access to its benefits should not strongly depend on social or demographic factors.
Objective. The present study used the Andersen model to explain to what extent physical therapy utilization in Germany depends on factors beyond medical need.
Methods. The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS, 2008–2011; target population, 18–79 years) is part of the German health-monitoring system. Two-stage stratified cluster sampling resulted in a sample of 8152 participants. Data were matched with district-related information on social structures and service supply. Following Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use, this study identified predisposing, enabling, and need factors for physical therapy utilization using multilevel logistic regression analyses.
Results. Physical therapy was used by 23.4% (95% CI: 22.0–24.8) of the German population within one year, with a higher proportion of females (26.8%; 95% CI: 25.1–28.6) than males (19.9%; 95% CI: 18.1–21.8) and an increase with age. Beyond medical need, physical therapy utilization depended on higher education, migrant background, nonsmoking (predisposing), social support, higher income, private health insurance, and gatekeeping service contact (enabling). Variation among districts partly reflected regional supply.
Limitations. Because the present study was cross-sectional, its findings provide representative information on physical therapy use but do not establish final causal links or identify whether utilization or supply in certain districts or population groups is adequate.
Conclusions. Whether certain regions are under- or overserved and whether further regulations are needed is of political interest. Physicians and therapists should develop strategies to improve both adherence of hard-to-reach groups and supply in low-supply regions.
Validity and Reproducibility of the STarT Back Tool (Dutch Version) in Patients With Low Back Pain in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Bier Jasper D. , Ostelo Raymond W.J.G. , van Hooff Miranda L. , Koes Bart W. , Verhagen Arianne P. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to translate and to investigate the reliability and validity of the STarT Back screening tool (SBT) in the primary care setting among patients with nonspecific low back pain (LBP).
Design. The SBT was formally translated into Dutch following a multistep approach for forward and backward translation. General practitioners and physical therapists included patients with LBP.
Methods. Patients completed a baseline questionnaire and a follow-up at 3 days and 3 months. The construct validity was calculated with Pearson's correlation coefficient. The reproducibility was assessed using the quadratic weighted kappa and the specific agreement. Predictive validity was assessed using relative risk ratios for persisting disability at 3 months. Content validity was analyzed using floor and ceiling effects.
Results. In total, 184 patients were included; 52.2% were categorized in the “low-risk” subgroup, 38.0% “medium-risk,” and 9.8% “high-risk.” For the construct validity we found, as expected, a moderate to high Pearson's correlation for questions 3 to 9 and a low correlation for questions 1 and 2 with their respective reference questionnaires. The reproducibility had a quadratic weighted kappa of 0.65 and the specific agreement of 82.4% for “low-risk,” 53.3% for “medium-risk,” and 33.3% for “high-risk.” For the predictive validity for persisting disability we found a relative risk ratio for “medium-risk” of 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–3.1) and 2.7 (95% CI: 1.4–4.9) for “high-risk” compared with “low-risk.” For the content validity, we found that no floor and ceiling effects were present.
Limitations. There was a relatively small sample size for the retest reliability study. Patients were not compared between physical therapist and GP, as there were not enough patients in both groups. For practical reasons, the patients filled out the baseline questionnaire after receiving the first treatment/consultation; however, the questionnaire is intended to be filled in before the first consultation/treatment.
Conclusion. The SBT has been successfully translated into Dutch. The psychometric analysis showed acceptable results and, therefore, the SBT is a valid screening tool for patients with LBP in Dutch primary care.
Comparison of Robotic and Other Minimally-Invasive Routes of Hysterectomy for Benign Indications
Authors: Swenson Carolyn W. , Kamdar Neil S. , Harris John A. , Uppal Shitanshu , Campbell Darrell A. , Morgan Daniel M. 
Published: March 2017

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016;215(5):650.e1–650.e8)
The popularization of robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy (RH) over the past decade has provided an alternative approach to performing minimally invasive hysterectomy.
Impaired Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Granulosa Cells in Patients With Biochemical Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Xu Xiaofei , Chen Xinxia , Zhang Xiruo , Liu Yixun , Wang Zhao , Wang Peng , Du Yanzhi , Qin Yingying , Chen Zi-Jiang 
Published: March 2017

(Abstracted from Hum Reprod 2017:32:201–207)
The underlying cause of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is unknown in most cases, which generally are referred to as idiopathic. Primary ovarian insufficiency is associated with biological reproductive aging and encompasses 3 stages: occult, biochemical, and overt.
Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 2 Years in Offspring of Women Randomised to Metformin or Insulin Treatment for Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Wouldes Trecia A. , Battin Malcolm , Coat Suzette , Rush Elaine C. , Hague William M. , Rowan Janet A. 
Published: March 2017

(Abstracted from Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2016;101:F488–F493)
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy and is associated with deficits in motor, social, or linguistic development in offspring. Diet modification and insulin, which does not cross the placenta, have been the mainstay of treatment for GDM.