bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An extremely simple macroscale electronic skin realized by deep machine learning
Authors: Sohn Kee-Sun , Chung Jiyong , Cho Min-Young , Timilsina Suman , Park Woon Bae , Pyo Myungho , Shin Namsoo , Sohn Keemin , Kim Ji Sik 
Published: September 2017

AbstractComplicated structures consisting of multi-layers with a multi-modal array of device components, i.e., so-called patterned multi-layers, and their corresponding circuit designs for signal readout and addressing are used to achieve a macroscale electronic skin (e-skin). In contrast to this common approach, we realized an extremely simple macroscale e-skin only by employing a single-layered piezoresistive MWCNT-PDMS composite film with neither nano-, micro-, nor macro-patterns. It is the deep machine learning that made it possible to let such a simple bulky material play the role of a smart sensory device. A deep neural network (DNN) enabled us to process electrical resistance change induced by applied pressure and thereby to instantaneously evaluate the pressure level and the exact position under pressure. The great potential of this revolutionary concept for the attainment of pressure-distribution sensing on a macroscale area could expand its use to not only e-skin applications but to other high-end applications such as touch panels, portable flexible keyboard, sign language interpreting globes, safety diagnosis of social infrastructures, and the diagnosis of motility and peristalsis disorders in the gastrointestinal tract.
Decoding the Morphological Differences between Himalayan Glacial and Fluvial Landscapes Using Multifractal Analysis
Authors: Dutta Srimonti 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHimalayas is the home to nearly 10,000 glaciers which are mostly located at high and inaccessible region. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) can be effective in the study of these glaciers. This paper aims at providing an automated distinction of glacial and fluvial morphologies using multifractal technique. We have studied the variation of elevation profile of Glacial and Fluvial landscapes using Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA). Glacial landscapes reveal more complex structure compared to the fluvial landscapes as indicated by fractal parameters degree of multifractality, asymmetry index.
Transforaminal Epiduroscopic Laser Ablation of Sinuvertebral Nerve in Patients with Chronic Diskogenic Back Pain: Technical Note and Preliminary Result
Authors: Kim Hyeun , Chung Sung , Jang Jee , Oh Seong , Jang Il , Paudel Byapak 
Published: September 2017

Background Diskogenic back pain is an unsolved mystery and accounts for a large number of patients with chronic low back pain. Various treatment modalities have been described, but treatment is still a matter of debate. We evaluated transforaminal epiduroscopic laser ablation (TELA) focusing on sinuvertebral nerve laser ablation for chronic diskogenic back pain. To our knowledge this is the first treatment described for diskogenic back pain that directly targets the sensitized sinuvertebral nerve extradiskally through a transforaminal approach.
Methods A total of 52 patients with a diagnosis of chronic diskogenic back pain and treated with TELA between September 2015 and June 2016 were analyzed. Outcome was measured with the visual analog scale (VAS), Macnab criteria, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).
Results Of the 52 patients, 55.8% were female, and the mean age was 42.40 ± 11.99 years. Pfirrmann disk degeneration grade was mostly grade IV (63.5%) and involved spinal levels L4–L5 and L5–S1. The average follow-up period was 15.88 ± 1.79 months. VAS decreased significantly after TELA (p < 0.001). Improvement in ODI was also significant (p < 0.001). Good to excellent outcome was 96.1% according to the Macnab criteria. Four patients had transient motor weakness.
Conclusion TELA targeting to the sinuvertebral nerve was effective in 96.1% with good to excellent results and an immediate decrease in chronic diskogenic back pain. The sinuvertebral nerve may play an important role in chronic diskogenic back pain.
Compartmental Endoscopic Surgical Anatomy of the Inferior Intraconal Orbital Space
Authors: Maxfield Alice , Brook Christopher , Miyake Marcel , Bleier Benjamin 
Published: September 2017

Objectives This study aims to define the endoscopic anatomy of inferior intraconal space, in terms of its neurovascular structures and relationship to fixed anatomic landmarks.
Design A cadaveric anatomical study was conducted.
Setting This study was conducted at an academic cranial base center.
Participants Cadaveric subjects have been investigated.
Main Outcome Measures After dissection of the inferior intraconal space, the number and position of ophthalmic artery (OA) and oculomotor nerve (OMN) branches to the inferior rectus muscle (IRM) were quantified relative to the fixed landmark of the posterior maxillary wall. The point where the OMN branch to the inferior oblique muscle (IOM) crossed the lateral IRM margin was quantified.
Results A total of 18 OA branches were identified with a mean ± standard deviation of 2.6 ± 0.53 branches. The mean distance of the OA branch insertion from the posterior maxillary wall was 7.11 ± 5.65 mm. The average number of OMN branches to the IRM was 1.63 ± 0.74 with a mean insertion distance of 1.88 ± 1.89 mm. The OMN branch to the IOM crossed the lateral IRM margin 5.38 ± 5.42 mm from the posterior maxillary wall.
Conclusions This cadaveric study quantifies the variability of two critical neurovascular structures salient to endoscopic approaches to the inferior intraconal space, the OMN, and OA contributions to the IRM. Knowledge of the interrelationship between these structures is essential in safe technique for dissection.
Surgical Outcomes and Postoperative Management in Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea
Authors: Jiang Zi Yang , McLean Caitlin , Perez Carlos , Barnett Samuel , Friedman Deborah , Tajudeen Bobby , Batra Pete 
Published: September 2017

Background The etiology of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea remains unknown, though emerging evidence suggests that this likely represents a variant of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Long-term success rates for repair and postoperative management strategies remain variable.
Methods Retrospective review of patients undergoing surgical management of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea was conducted over a 5-year period. Analysis was performed to correlate recurrence with demographics and perioperative variables. Lumbar puncture usage and neuro-ophthalmological examinations in clinical management were also assessed.
Results Forty-eight patients were included in the study. The mean age was 51.4 years with 94% females. Leaks were most commonly located in the sphenoid (43.8%) and cribriform region (33.3%). The most common findings on magnetic resonance imaging were empty sella (48%) and Meckel's cave diverticula (24%). Nine patients (18.8%) had recurrent CSF leaks. Six occurred >1 month postoperatively. Three had repeat endoscopic repairs, two received ventriculoperitoneal shunts, and one was managed with a lumbar drain, with overall success rate of 93.8%. Acetazolamide was utilized in 19 cases (39.6%) postoperatively. Overall, 59% of patients had elevated opening pressures on postoperative lumbar puncture (n = 32). Neuro-ophthalmology evaluated 28 patients; 25% had visual field deficits, and 7.1% had papilledema.
Conclusions Management of spontaneous CSF leaks remains a significant challenge. Endoscopic repair is successful in most patients with little morbidity; however, postoperative management remains inconsistent, and further studies are warranted to establish consensus on post-surgical care. The association with elevated intracranial pressure and visual field deficits/papilledema suggests opening pressures, and neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation should be considered in the treatment algorithm.
Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in Adults: Types, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Etiology, and Diagnosis
Authors: Rüegg Stephan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is defined by permanent electroclinical nonconvulsive epileptic activity or a series of nonconvulsive seizures without recovery to baseline. This “silent” manifestation of lasting neurological symptoms, like aphasia, confusion, etc., impedes easily recognizing NCSE. The most important diagnostic step often is to consider the possibility of NCSE. NCSE can only be confirmed by an immediate EEG recording. Epidemiological studies show slight preponderance of convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) over NCSE (60:40%); however, this might result from lack of recognition of NCSE because of its very unspectacular manifestation. Regarding pathophysiology, the neuronal mechanisms are identical for both NCSE and CSE, but they spare the primary motor neurons. Permanent hyperexcitability may damage the neurons involved in NCSE the same way as the motor neurons in CSE. However, NCSE is spared from the life-threatening secondary pathophysiological sequelae of CSE (lactic acidosis, respiratory exhaustion, rhabdomyolsis, etc.). Nevertheless, autonomic dysregulation (arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia/asystolia), apneas) may also expose the patient to substantial acute risks. There are a myriad of causes for NCSE and they are mainly medication errors (insufficient adherence or addition of new drugs with interactions) in patients with known epilepsy. In these patients and in those without known epilepsy, other causes include metabolic, toxic, structural (tumors, hemorrhages, ischemia), infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune causes. Thus, it is germane to extensively search for the cause of the NCSE because the immediate and proper therapy of the underlying cause of, especially the acute symptomatic, forms of NCSE is at least as important as the antiictal treatment.
Pathologie und Pathogenese der progredienten Multiplen Sklerose: Konzepte und Kontroversen
Authors: Schumacher Adrian-Minh , Mahler Christoph , Kerschensteiner Martin 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Multiple Sklerose (MS) ist eine entzündliche Erkrankung des zentralen Nervensystems, die in der Frühphase oft von schubförmig auftretenden, häufig reversiblen neurologischen Ausfällen dominiert wird. Mit zunehmender Erkrankungsdauer werden diese Krankheitsschübe in der Regel mehr und mehr von einem progredienten Krankheitsprozess überlagert, der zu einem irreversibel fortschreitenden Verlust der motorischen, sensiblen und kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit führt. Diese progrediente Phase der Multiplen Sklerose ist bis heute nur unzureichend verstanden und therapierbar. Ausgehend von aktuellen Befunden zur Pathologie und Pathogenese versuchen wir ein umfassendes pathomechanistisches Konzept der progredienten MS zu entwerfen und auf dessen Grundlage Stellung zu aktuellen Kontroversen zu beziehen. So diskutieren wir, inwieweit neurodegenerative oder entzündliche Krankheitsprozesse die entscheidenden Antreiber der Progression sind, hinterfragen, ob die Aufteilung in primär und sekundär progrediente MS pathomechanistisch sinnvoll ist, und untersuchen, welche Therapiestrategien am ehesten geeignet sind, der fortschreitenden Behinderung der betroffenen Patienten entgegenzuwirken.
Wenig überzeugend: Beerenextrakt der Myrte bei GERD
Authors: Uehleke Bernhard 
Published: September 2017

Interessenkonflikt
BU berät Anbieter von meist pflanzlichen Arzneimitteln, Medizinprodukten und Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln – auch solcher von traditionellen Arzneimitteln.
Neurosonological Diagnosis in the Acute Phase of Stroke is a Sign of Qualified Care
Authors: Schlachetzki Felix , Nedelmann Max , Poppert Holger , Saur Dorothee , Harloff Andreas , Liman Jan , Reinhardt Matthias , Stolz Erwin , Kaps Manfred 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUltrasonography of the extra- and intracranial vessels has been an essential part of the approved concept of stroke units in Germany. This review aims to highlight unique selling points of neurosonology in the acute phase of stroke.In acute ischemic stroke, occlusion or stenosis of an arterial segment induces individually variable and complex changes in cerebral hemodynamics. Acute arterial occlusion may persist, may partially or completely recanalize, re-occlude after initial recanalization or may be compensated by collateral blood flow. Ultrasonography is most suitable to monitor these hemodynamic changes in the early stages of a stroke. The earlier neurosonography is performed, the better the pathophysiological understanding is, and the more targeted are therapeutic efforts to limit acute neurovascular injury. A general view is that CT angiography and/or magnetic resonance imaging and neurosonographical techniques in acute stroke care are competitive and interchangeable. However, these methods are rather complementary since the visualization of blood vessels, cerebral perfusion and hemodynamic flow is based on different physical principles. Each method has particular advantages and limitations. With respect to the specific diagnostic question, one method or the other may be indicated. It is the responsibility of the treating neurologist to select the most appropriate imaging method and to provide specific competence in neurosonography. The main scope of this article is to motivate neurologists to apply neurosonography specifically in the acute phase of stroke in order to get an independent assessment and unique hemodynamic information instead of leaving neurovascular competence to radiologists. Purposeful use of neurosonologic techniques makes the difference in high quality stroke care.
Moderne Bildgebung in der Neuroonkologie
Authors: Straube Christoph , Bette Stefanie , Pyka Thomas , Einhellig Heike , Zimmer Claus , Schwaiger Markus , Combs Stephanie 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Bildgebung bei intrakraniellen Malignomen hat sich in den vergangenen beiden Jahrzehnten erheblich gewandelt. Dieser Übersichtsartikel beschreibt den aktuellen Stand der bildgebenden Diagnostik für die drei häufigsten Entitäten, die Gliome, Metastasen und Meningeome und geht dabei sowohl auf technische Grundlagen als auch auf die Anwendung in der Diagnostik, Therapieplanung und im Follow-Up ein.
Neues beim Pseudotumor cerebri (Idiopathische intrakranielle Hypertension)
Authors: Hoffmann Jan , May Arne 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDie idiopathische intrakranielle Hypertension (IIH) ist charakterisiert durch eine Liquordruckerhöhung unklarer Ätiologie. Klinisch äußert sich diese in Form von progredienten Sehstörungen, in der Regel als Folge eines Papillenödems, Kopfschmerzen und nicht selten Hirnnervenausfällen. In den letzten Jahren haben klinische Studien zunehmend zeigen können, dass das Syndrom häufig auch mit weiteren Symptomen wie Riechstörungen, kognitiven Defiziten und einem pulsierenden Tinnitus einhergehen kann. Pathophysiologisch liegt der Erkrankung vermutlich eine venöse Abflussstörung zugrunde, die zu einer verminderten Liquorresorption und einem Anstieg des Liquordrucks führt, wobei unklar ist, ob die Abflussstörung auf einer übergewichtsbedingten Zunahme des intrathorakalen Drucks, dem Vorliegen von Stenosen im Sinus transversus oder beidem beruht. Seit einigen Jahren werden auch hormonelle Faktoren diskutiert, wobei deren Auswirkungen bislang weitgehend unklar sind. Die Behandlung der IIH beruht vorwiegend auf einer effizienten Gewichtsreduktion sowie einer medikamentösen Behandlung mit Karboanhydrasehemmern, die sowohl die Liquorproduktion als auch das Körpergewicht reduzieren. Für den Karboanhydrasehemmer Azetazolamid liegen nun die Ergebnisse der ersten randomisierten, placebo-kontrollierten Studie einschließlich einer 12-monatigen Follow-up Phase vor, die zeigen, dass sich unter der Therapie sowohl das Papillenödem und die Sehstörungen als auch die Kopfschmerzen signifikant bessern. Für die Karboanhydrasehemmer Topiramat und Furosemid gibt es weiterhin nur offene, jedoch keine doppelblinden, placebo-kontrollierten Studien zur Wirksamkeit bei der IIH. Neben der Behandlung mit Karboanhydrasehemmern mehren sich inzwischen die Hinweise, dass das Somatostatinanalogon Octreotid wirksam in der Behandlung der IIH sein könnte, wobei für diese Substanz bislang keine randomisierten, doppelblinden, placebo-kontrollierten Studien vorliegen.
Operative Refixation bei proximalem Hamstringabriss: Ist der OP-Zeitpunkt relevant für das funktionelle Outcome?
Authors: Best Raymond , Eberle Julia , Beck Florian , Huth Jochen , Becker Ulrich 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Komplette Rupturen der proximalen Hamstringsehnen sind selten, im Falle einer solchen stellt die operative Refixation die therapeutische Methode der Wahl dar. Bislang ist das postoperative Outcome sehr heterogen und wenig vergleichbar untersucht, sodass Aussagen bezüglich einer Korrelation des Outcomes zu OP-Methoden und Zeitpunkt der OP nach Trauma nur begrenzt möglich sind.
Ziel Es soll anhand des neuen, validierten und verletzungsspezifischen Perth Hamstring Assessment Tools (PHAT) das postoperative Outcome eines eigenen Kollektivs untersucht und dies in Korrelation zum Abstand zwischen Trauma und Operation dargestellt werden.
Methode In dieser retrospektiven Fallkontrollstudie wurden alle operierten Patienten zwischen 1/2011 und 3/2016 und einer zurückliegenden OP-Zeitpunkt von mindestens 6 Monaten gebeten, ihr subjektives funktionelles Outcome anhand des PHAT – Fragebogens zu dokumentieren. Je nach Zeitraum zwischen Trauma und OP wurden die Patienten und deren Fragebogenergebnisse dabei einer akut (<vier Wochen), einer verzögert (1-3 Monate) oder einer verspätet (>3 Monate) versorgten Gruppe zugeordnet.

Ergebnisse Von 64 operierten Patienten im genannten Zeitraum konnten 57 in die Studie eingeschlossen werden, von denen wiederum 39 (68 %) den PHAT-Score vollständig komplettierten. Der mittlere PHAT-Score (0 – 100 Pkt.) aller Patienten betrug 72,4 Punkte (SD ± 21,0). Es ergab sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen der akut und der verzögert versorgten Gruppe (77,0 Punkte ± 22,0 vs. 63,4 Punkte ± 16,2; p: 0,067), jedoch ein deutlich signifikanter Unterschied zwischen der akut und der verspätetet operierten Gruppe (77,0 Punkte ± 22,0 vs. 58,3 Punkte ± 20,2; p: 0,021).
Schlussfolgerung In der vorliegenden Studie kann gezeigt werden, dass eine schnelle Indikationsstellung einer proximalen Hamstringverletzung mit einer operativen Versorgung innerhalb von 4 Wochen zu einem signifikant besseren, funktionellen
Outcome führt als verspätet versorgte Rupturen.
Die Zukunft von Phytopharmaka und Botanicals in Europa
Authors: Armbrüster Nicole , Klauke Anja 
Published: September 2017

Interessenkonflikt
Beide Autoren sind Mitarbeiterinnen des Bundesverbandes der Pharmazeutischen Industrie, der Interessenvertretung der deutschen Pharmaindustrie in Deutschland und Europa.
Zusammenfassung
Das Ziel der Health-Claims-Verordnung war eindeutig und klar vom Gesetzgeber definiert: Erhöhung des Verbraucherschutzes. Dieses Ziel ist im Laufe der Bewertungsverfahren aus dem Blick geraten und wurde mit immer weiteren Konsultationsverfahren verwässert. Nun steht neben den gesundheitsbezogenen Aussagen für Botanicals sogar eine Vermischung der pflanzlichen Arzneimittel mit pflanzlichen Lebensmitteln zur Diskussion. Hier muss klar gewarnt werden: Der Verbraucherschutz und die Glaubwürdigkeit der EU-Kommission stehen auf der Kippe.
Effects of Myofascial Release Technique on Pain and Disability in Patients with Chronic Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Mahbobeh Samani , Alireza Motealleh , Soheila Yazdani , Leila Abbasi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background Disc herniation is one of the factors that causes low back pain (LBP).
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a myofascial release technique on pain and disability in patients with chronic lumbar disc herniation.
Method 30 patients with a herniated lumbar disc, divided into 2 groups. One group (n=15) received electrotherapeutic modalities (TENS, pulsed ultrasound, hot packs) in addition to the myofascial release technique (MFR) on trigger points in 9 soft tissue elements. The other group (n=15) received only electrotherapeutic modalities. All patients underwent 10 treatment sessions. In both groups we assessed back and lower extremity pain intensity, functional disability level and trigger point pain threshold before treatment and after 5 and 10 sessions.
Results For back pain, the median between-group differences (95% CI) compared to baseline were 2 (1–2) after the 5th session and 2 (1–4) after the 10th session; the difference between the 5th and 10th sessions was 1 (0–2). For functional disability, the mean between-group differences (95% CI) compared to baseline were 5 points (1.8–8.1) after the 5th session and 8.3 points (4.2–12.3) after the 10th session; the difference between the 5th and tenth sessions was 3.34 points (1.02–5.6). For trigger point pain threshold, the mean between-group differences compared to baseline were −1.47 kg/cm2 (−1.7 to − 1.17) after the 5th session and −3.17 (−3.6 to −2.7) after the 10th session; the difference between the 5th and 10th sessions was −1.7 kg/cm2 (−2.04 to −1.3).
Conclusion In conclusion, MFR might be an effective treatment for reducing pain and disability in patients with chronic lumbar disc herniation.
Tracking linguistic primitives
Authors: Johansson Niklas 
Published: September 2017

This paper investigates how cross-linguistic phoneme distributions of 56 fundamental oppositional concepts can reveal semantic relationships by looking into the linguistic forms of 75 genetically and areally distributed languages. Based on proposals of semantic primes (Goddard & Wierzbicka 2002), reduced Swadesh lists (Holman et al. 2008), presumed ultraconservative words (Pagel et al. 2013), attested basic antonyms (Paradis, Willners & Jones 2009) and sense perception words, semantic oppositional pairs were selected. Phonemes were divided according to: the frequency of vowels’ second formant and consonants’ energy accumulation, sonority, a combination of the aforementioned two, and general phonetic traits, e.g. voicing. Using a biplot, the phonological relatedness between the investigated concepts was illustrated graphically, and the phoneme distributions’ over- and underrepresentation from the average was calculated for each concept. Salient semantic groupings and relations based solely on phonological contrasts were found for most investigated concepts, including the semantic domains: Small, Intense Vision-Touch, Large, Organic, Horizontal-Vertical Distance, Deictic, Containment, Gender, Parent and Diurnal, and the sole concept old. The most notable relations found were: mother/i vs. father, a three-way deictic distinction and a dimensional tripartite oppositional relationship. Embodiment, oppositional thinking and evidence for more general concepts to precede complex concepts were proposed as explanations for the results.