bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Socioeconomic Disadvantages Get Under the Skin and into the Brain to Influence Health Development Across the Lifespan
Authors: Kim Pilyoung , Evans Gary W. , Chen Edith , Miller Gregory , Seeman Teresa 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSocioeconomic disadvantage (SED) has adverse impacts on physical (Adler and Rehkopf 2008; Blair and Raver 2012; Braverman and Egerter 2008; Cohen et al. 2010; Poulton et al. 2002) and psychological (Adler and Rehkopf 2008; Bradley and Corwyn 2002; Grant et al. 2003) health development. SED is similar to low socioeconomic status (SES) which is based on occupation, income, and education or a composite of more than one of these indicators (McLoyd 1998). However, we conceptualize SED more broadly than socioeconomic status to also include subjective perception of social position and contextual indicators of disadvantage, such as neighborhood deprivation. One of the most commonly used SED indicators is poverty, which is calculated using income that falls below an annually adjusted federal poverty line. Some studies suggest independent effects of different SED variables, but each variable tends to be highly correlated with the others; thus, it is often nearly impossible to disentangle independent effects. Therefore, in this chapter, we will review findings on different SED variables but discuss the impact of SED inclusively. In adulthood, SED is assessed based on factors in an individual’s own background such as income, occupation, and education level, whereas in childhood, SED is typically assessed based on these factors for the parents.
Core Principles of Life Course Health Development Methodology and Analytics
Authors: Little Todd D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe complexity of life course health development research demands rigorous methodology and analytics. Advanced techniques, improved estimation algorithms, and user-accessible software/hardware developments signal what I see as a paradigm shift in how life science research will be conducted now and in the future. Although techniques such as structural equation modeling (SEM), multilevel modeling (MLM), and mixture distribution modeling have permeated the research agenda in many fields, the capability of these tools has hardly been fully utilized. The craft of life course health development methodology and analytics requires dedication, sophistication, and a knack for molding the analysis tool to the research question at hand. For life course health development research to be at its most effective, utilizing the expertise of collaborative teams is essential. The days of one person being both expert theoretician and methodologist are waning. Partnering with dedicated experts on the various issues that I have outlined here will bring the needed sophistication and knack to execute research at its finest and most impactful levels. In this chapter, I highlight many of the issues that life course health development researchers will need to address and practices to adopt.
Epidemiological Study Designs: Traditional and Novel Approaches to Advance Life Course Health Development Research
Authors: Buka Stephen L. , Rosenthal Samantha R. , Lacy Mary E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe central focus of life course epidemiology and life course approaches to health development is on the complex processes underlying the occurrence and accrual of risks at multiple levels and their impact on the developing individual. Reflecting the multilevel and integrated features of human health development that are at the centre of life course health-development (LCHD) principles, study designs seek better understanding of social, familial, and genetic contributions to the aetiology of health conditions, exploring the timing and interactions of different experiences and risks in relationship to the natural course of disorders in different populations and examining the time-specific and cumulative impacts of social and environmental factors. Many different study designs can advance a life course health-development framework. In this chapter we review common epidemiologic study designs including (i) cohort studies (general prospective cohort studies, perinatal/birth cohorts, twin studies, and high-risk cohort studies); (ii) case–control studies, including nested case–control studies within larger cohorts; (iii) cross-sectional studies; (iv) quasi-experimental designs; and (v) randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Although certain design strategies, namely, cohort studies, lend themselves more readily to the life course approach—examining the process of health development and its emphasis on emergent, person-context relations, and plasticity across the lifespan—we also describe other study designs that can be used to further our understanding of health and the development of different disorders and diseases from the life course perspective. The benefits and limitations of alternative design approaches are discussed using one study question as an example—investigating the relationship between traumatic experience and the development of a substance use disorder.
Life Course Research Agenda (LCRA), Version 1.0
Authors: Halfon Neal , Forrest Christopher B. , Lerner Richard M. , Faustman Elaine M. , Tullis Ericka , Son John 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLife course health science research is “connecting the dots” between child health development, adult patterns of premature morbidity and mortality, and more integrated notions of healthy aging. However, there are still many outstanding questions about the relationship between early experiences and lifelong health and well-being, as well as a growing need to understand how emerging knowledge can be applied to the development of evidence-based practice and policy that can reduce risks, minimize exposures, and optimize lifelong health. In 2010, the Maternal and Child Health Life Course Research Network (LCRN) initiated an inclusive research agenda-setting process that resulted in the Handbook of Life Course Health Development, which offers state-of-the-art reviews and analyses of life course health-development (LCHD) research focused on key life stages and a variety of health conditions, as well as recommendations pertaining to future research in these areas. In developing this concluding chapter and the research agenda it contains, we have attempted to synthesize the authors’ findings and recommendations in order to propose a more integrated set of research priorities and strategies that can advance the entire LCHD field. The resulting transdisciplinary research agenda focuses on foundational research, including research that addresses life course epidemiology, research that elucidates LCHD processes (e.g., sensitive periods, epigenetics), and research that identifies effective interventions, with a special emphasis on health disparities research and research on high priority conditions (e.g., obesity and mental health conditions) and specific vulnerable populations (e.g., children in foster care, premature infants, and children with medical complexity). It also considers essential research capacity-building activities focused on data, data systems, and methods, as well as strategies for building the human, technical, cultural, and financial capacity required to carry out this challenging work. Lastly, it addresses the importance of translational and intervention research that can speed the application of concepts and findings to the practice and policy arenas. We conclude with a discussion of advancing the overall LCHD research paradigm, including the framework and principles that have emerged from the research thus far and that are helping to define a robust explanatory and theoretical LCHD framework.
Preconception and Prenatal Factors and Metabolic Risk
Authors: Wang Guoying , Bartell Tami R. , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe prenatal period is a critical developmental stage for obesity and metabolic outcomes. In light of the global obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) epidemic and growing evidence of early life origins of obesity and diabetes, early identification of individuals at high risk and early prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome are a key to achieve primary prevention and reverse the trends of the obesity and T2DM epidemics. This chapter will discuss the impact of important preconceptional and prenatal factors, including maternal obesity and/or diabetes, gestational weight gain, and maternal micronutrient status, on in utero and lifelong metabolic outcomes and the possible gene–environment interactions and epigenetic mechanisms underlying early life origins of metabolic risk. Finally, it will provide perspectives on current knowledge gaps and recommendations to advance the field.
Identifying Research Strategies and Methodological Priorities for the Study of Demanding Energy
Authors: Hui Allison , Day Rosie , Walker Gordon 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This chapter revisits the whole edited collection with an explicit focus upon research strategies for studying demanding energy. Investigating what energy is for, it argues, involves embedding three methodological priorities into research designs: (1) posing questions that focus upon social dynamics rather than upon energy itself; (2) reflecting upon how particular units of study facilitate the examination of different types of interconnections; and (3) incorporating spatial and temporal dynamics into research designs. The approaches to case selection and sampling that follow from these priorities are then elaborated. By challenging the idea that energy research must place energy at the centre of all of its research questions, this chapter provides openings for developing innovative accounts of what energy is for and how it is changing.
Preoperative 68Ga‐DOTA‐Somatostatin Analog‐PET/CT Hybrid Imaging Increases Detection Rate of Intra‐abdominal Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor Lesions
Authors: Norlén Olov , Montan Harald , Hellman Per , Stålberg Peter , Sundin Anders 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundSmall intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI‐NETs) are the most common form of neoplasm in the small bowel. Radiological identification of primary tumors (PT), which may be multiple, is difficult, and therefore palpation of the entire small bowel is routinely performed during laparotomy. The aim was to determine detection rates of PT and peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) with 68Ga‐DOTATOC/TATE‐PET/CT in comparison with i.v. contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CE‐CT) and thus to clarify whether modern functional imaging can mitigate the need for palpation of bowel during surgery enabling oncologically adequate laparoscopic resection.MethodsA total of 28 patients with SI‐NET who preoperatively underwent both 68Ga‐DOTATOC/TATE‐PET/CT and CE‐CT were included. The detection rates of PT and PC for PET/CT and CE‐CT were compared to the findings in the surgical and histopathological reports. Appropriate statistical tests were used, and significance was set to p < 0.05.ResultsOut of 82 PT, 43 PT were not detected by any imaging modality. More PT lesions were detected with PET/CT (n = 39 [47.5%]) than with CE‐CT (n = 10 [12.2%], p < 0.001). Also, PET/CT identified significantly more PC lesions than CE‐CT (78 and 38%, p = 0.004, respectively).ConclusionPET/CT detected more PT and PC lesions than CE‐CT. Some PTs and PC lesions were only detected by one of the modalities, and CT performed in conjunction with PET/CT should therefore be performed as a fully diagnostic CE‐CT for optimal results. Palpation of the small bowel remains crucial during surgery in these patients because several PTs escaped detection by both PET/CT and CE‐CT.
The effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on wound healing: a preliminary study
Authors: Meesters Astrid , den Bosch-Meevissen Yvo M. C. In , Weijzen Chantal A. H. , Buurman Wim A. , Losen Mario , Schepers Jan , Thissen Monique R. T. M. , Alberts Hugo J. E. M. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Peters Madelon L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPsychological factors have been shown to influence the process of wound healing. This study examined the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on the speed of wound healing. The local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors was studied as potential underlying mechanism. Forty-nine adults were randomly allocated to a waiting-list control group (n = 26) or an 8-week MBSR group (n = 23). Pre- and post-intervention/waiting period assessment for both groups consisted of questionnaires. Standardized skin wounds were induced on the forearm using a suction blister method. Primary outcomes were skin permeability and reduction in wound size monitored once a day at day 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 10 after injury. Secondary outcomes were cytokines and growth factors and were measured in wound exudates obtained at 3, 6, and 22 h after wounding. Although there was no overall condition effect on skin permeability or wound size, post hoc analyses indicated that larger increases in mindfulness were related to greater reductions in skin permeability 3 and 4 days after wound induction. In addition, MBSR was associated with lower levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and placental growth factor in the wound fluid 22 h after wound induction. These outcomes suggest that increasing mindfulness by MBSR might have beneficial effects on early stages of wound healing. Trial Registration NTR3652, http://www.trialregister.nl
Is reciprocity really outcome-based? A second look at gift-exchange with random shocks
Authors: Davis Brent J. , Kerschbamer Rudolf , Oexl Regine 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBy means of a laboratory experiment, Rubin and Sheremeta (Manag Sci 62(4):985–999, 2016), study a bonus-version of the gift-exchange game, including two treatment variations. First they vary whether the effort provided by the agent directly translates into output for the principal, or whether it is distorted by a shock. Second, for the condition with a shock they vary whether the shock is observed by the principal, or not. The authors’ main findings are that (1) the introduction of an unobservable shock significantly reduces welfare; and (2) informing the principal about the size of the shock does not restore gift-exchange. In a replication study we largely reproduce finding (1), but we fail to confirm finding (2). Our data suggests that small behavioral differences in the initial rounds lead to a hysteresis effect that is responsible for the differences in results across studies.
Low physiological arousal and high impulsivity as predictors of self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors among adolescents
Authors: Aldrich Jaclyn T. , Wielgus Madeline D. , Mezulis Amy H. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTSelf‐injurious thoughts and behaviors are used to escape or regulate aversive physiological states during stress. Low sympathetic nervous system arousal during stress has been shown to confer risk. This risk may be exacerbated by trait impulsivity; adolescents high in impulsivity are more likely to rashly use maladaptive regulation strategies. We examined this relationship longitudinally in a sample of adolescents ages 10 to 14 (55.4% female) from the United States. Consistent with our hypothesis, low arousal during stress and high trait impulsivity interacted to predict the use of self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors over a six‐month period. This study extends and clarifies previous research findings regarding the relationship between physiological arousal and self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors.
Exploring APOE genotype effects on Alzheimer's disease risk and amyloid β burden in individuals with subjective cognitive decline: The FundacioACE Healthy Brain Initiative (FACEHBI) study baseline results
Authors: Moreno–Grau Sonia , Rodríguez‐Gómez Octavio , Sanabria Ángela , Pérez‐Cordón Alba , Sánchez‐Ruiz Domingo , Abdelnour Carla , Valero Sergi , Hernández Isabel , Rosende‐Roca Maitée , Mauleón Ana , Vargas Liliana , Lafuente Asunción , Gil Silvia , Santos‐Santos Miguel Ángel , Alegret Montserrat , Espinosa Ana , Ortega Gemma , Guitart Marina , Gailhajanet Anna , de Rojas Itziar , Sotolongo‐Grau Óscar , Ruiz Susana , Aguilera Nuria , Papasey Judith , Martín Elvira , Peleja Esther ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Lomeña Francisco , Campos Francisco , Vivas Assumpta , Gómez‐Chiari Marta , Tejero Miguel Ángel , Giménez Joan , Serrano‐Ríos Manuel , Orellana Adelina , Tárraga Lluís , Ruiz Agustín , Boada Mercè ,   FACEHBI study group, Abdelnour C. , Aguilera N. , Alegret M. , Berthier M. , Boada M. , Buendia M. , Bullich S. , Campos F. , Cañabate P. , Cuevas C. , de Rojas I. , Espinosa A. , Gailhajenet A. , Diego S. , Gil S. , Giménez J. , Gismondi R. , Gómez‐Chiari M. , Guitart M. , Hernández‐Olasagarre B. , Hernández I. , Ibarria M. , Lafuente A. , Lomeña F. , Martín E. , Martínez J. , Mauleón A. , Monté G. , Moreno M. , Moreno‐Grau S. , Núñez L. , Orellana A. , Ortega G. , Páez A. , Pancho A. , Pavía J. , Pelejà E. , Pérez‐Cordon A. , Pérez‐Grijalba V. , Pesini P. , Preckler S. , Rodríguez‐Gómez O. , Romero J. , Rosende‐Roca M. , Ruiz A. , Ruiz S. , Sanabria A. , Sánchez‐Ruiz D. , Santos‐Santos M.A. , Sarasa M. , Sotolongo‐Grau O. , Tárraga L. , Tejero M.A. , Torres M. , Valero S. , Vargas L. , Vivas A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been proposed as a potential preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, the genetic and biomarker profiles of SCD individuals remain mostly unexplored.MethodsWe evaluated apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4's effect in the risk of presenting SCD, using the Fundacio ACE Healthy Brain Initiative (FACEHBI) SCD cohort and Spanish controls, and performed a meta‐analysis addressing the same question. We assessed the relationship between APOE dosage and brain amyloid burden in the FACEHBI SCD and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohorts.ResultsAnalysis of the FACEHBI cohort and the meta‐analysis demonstrated SCD individuals presented higher allelic frequencies of APOE ε4 with respect to controls. APOE dosage explained 9% (FACEHBI cohort) and 11% (FACEHBI and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohorts) of the variance of cerebral amyloid levels.DiscussionThe FACEHBI sample presents APOE ε4 enrichment, suggesting that a pool of AD patients is nested in our sample. Cerebral amyloid levels are partially explained by the APOE allele dosage, suggesting that other genetic or epigenetic factors are involved in this AD endophenotype.
Evaluation of a primary care paramedic STEMI bypass guideline
Authors: Kwong Jonathan L. , Ross Garry , Turner Linda , Olynyk Chris , Cheskes Sheldon , Thurston Adam , Verbeek P. Richard 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveLimited evidence supports primary care paramedic (PCP) direct transport of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The goal of this study was to evaluate an urban-based PCP STEMI bypass guideline.MethodsWe reviewed consecutive Toronto Paramedic Services call reports between April 7, 2015, and May 31, 2016, regarding STEMI patients identified by PCPs. The primary outcome was patient assignment (stable versus unstable) according to guideline criteria. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of PCP-transported patients who had an indication for an advanced care intervention (ACI) or who received an ACI when PCPs rendezvoused with an advanced care paramedic (ACP). Lastly, we reviewed prehospital outcomes of cardiac arrest patients and calculated the difference in transport intervals between direct PCP bypass and a PCI-centre and predicted transport interval to the closest emergency department (ED).ResultsOf 361 patients, 232 were PCP transports and 129 were ACP-rendezvous transports. There was a significant difference in the distribution of stable and unstable patients between PCPs and ACPs (p<0.001). For PCP patients, 21/232 (9.1%) had indications for an ACI, whereas 34/129 (26.4%) ACP patients received an ACI. Eleven patients experienced cardiac arrest; 10 were successfully resuscitated (5 of these by PCPs). The median difference between direct PCP bypass and a PCI-centre versus transport to the closest ED was 5.53 minutes (IQR=6.71).ConclusionsWe found a significant difference in the distribution of stable and unstable patients and fewer patients with indications for an ACI in PCP patients. This PCP STEMI bypass guideline appears feasible.
Bevacizumab in Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas: A Canadian Retrospective Study
Authors: Lim Fat Mary Jane , Maurice Catherine , Maganti Manjula , Mason Warren P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground: Bevacizumab has been used in recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) since 2010 in Canada. Given its cost, potential toxicities, and unclear efficacy, further studies are required to better define suitable candidates for therapy. Methods: A single-center retrospective review of patients started on bevacizumab for rGBM from 2012 to 2015 was performed. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment regimen, and dates of clinical progression and death were collected. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were used as clinical outcomes and estimates. Radiological response was assessed using modified Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria. Results: A total of 80 patients were included. There were 67 reported deaths, and the median OS was 9.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI95%]=7.0-10.1 months), with a 12-month OS of 31% (CI95%=21.9-43.5%). Some 79 patients were included for analysis of clinical progression, among whom 61 had documented clinical progression. The median clinical PFS was 4.6 months (CI95%=3.8-6.4 months), and the 6-month clinical PFS was 39% (CI95%=29.0-52.9%). Addition of chemotherapy did not improve clinical outcomes. A total of 68 patients were included for radiological progression analysis, with 58 radiological progressions. The median radiological PFS was 5.8 months (CI95%=4.2-6.7 months), and the 6-month radiological PFS was 46% (CI95%=35.6-60.0%). Conclusions: This is the first reported Canadian experience with bevacizumab for rGBM. Our clinical outcomes are consistent with published data from multicenter phase II and III trials on bevacizumab in rGBM. More research is required to determine which subtype(s) of patients with rGBM could benefit from bevacizumab upon recurrence.
Changes in ice volume of the Ningchan No.1 Glacier, China, from 1972 to 2014, as derived from in situ measurements
Authors: CAO BO , PAN BAOTIAN , GUAN WEIJIN , WANG JIE , WEN ZHENLING 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTGlobal climate change is causing widespread glacier retreat, with many small glaciers disappearing from the world's mountain ranges. We obtained the annual mass balance of a small glacier (the Ningchan No.1 Glacier) located on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, from the years 2010 to 2015 using glaciological and geodetic methods. We also measured the glacier's thickness in 2014 using ground-penetrating radar. Employing topographical maps and ZY-3 images, we obtained Digital Elevation Models for 1972 and 2014. Our results showed that the mean annual mass balance from 2010 to 2015 was ~−0.9 ± 0.5 m w.e. The mean equilibrium line altitude was ~4680 m in the period 2010–15, which exceeds the maximum elevation of the glacier. The glacier has lost area and mass across its elevation range. The mean ice thickness was 24.0 ± 2.5 m in 2014. From 1972 to 2014, the glacier's area shrank from 0.77 ± 0.05 to 0.39 ± 0.04 km2, and the ice volume decreased by (14.96 ± 0.97) × 106 m3, equivalent to (12.72 ± 0.82) × 106 t w.e. over the same period.