bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating cross-reactivity and host species effects in a serological assay: A case study of the microscopic agglutination test for Leptospira serology
Authors: Mummah Riley O. , Gomez Ana C. R. , Guglielmino Angela H. , Borremans Benny , Galloway Renee L. , Prager Katherine C. , Lloyd-Smith James O. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Serology (the detection of antibodies formed by the host against an infecting pathogen) is frequently used to assess current infections and past exposure to specific pathogens. However, the presence of cross-reactivity among host antibodies in serological data makes it challenging to interpret the patterns and draw reliable conclusions about the infecting pathogen or strain.

Methodology/Principal findings
In our study, we use microscopic agglutination test (MAT) serological data from three host species [California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), island fox (Urocyon littoralis), and island spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis)] with confirmed infections to assess differences in cross-reactivity by host species and diagnostic laboratory. All host species are known to be infected with the same serovar of Leptospira interrogans. We find that absolute and relative antibody titer magnitudes vary systematically across host species and diagnostic laboratories. Despite being infected by the same Leptospira serovar, three host species exhibit different cross-reactivity profiles to a 5-serovar diagnostic panel. We also observe that the cross-reactive antibody titer against a non-infecting serovar can remain detectable after the antibody titer against the infecting serovar declines below detectable levels.

Conclusions/Significance
Cross-reactivity in serological data makes interpretation difficult and can lead to common pitfalls. Our results show that the highest antibody titer is not a reliable indicator of infecting serovar and highlight an intriguing role of host species in shaping reactivity patterns. On the other side, seronegativity against a given serovar does not rule out that serovar as the cause of infection. We show that titer magnitudes can be influenced by both host species and diagnostic laboratory, indicating that efforts to interpret absolute titers (e.g., as indicators of recent infection) must be calibrated to the system under study. Thus, we implore scientists and health officials using serological data for surveillance to interpret the data with caution.
A Chronic Hepatitis B Identification and Surveillance Program Improves Care in an Integrated Health Plan
Authors: Chai Krisna P. , Saxena Varun , Seo Suk , Horton Brandon H. , Avins Andrew L. , Sedki Mai , Ready Joanna B. 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Optimal management of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) requires surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and identification of antiviral therapy candidates, but few dedicated CHB surveillance models have been described. Kaiser Permanente Northern California developed a systematic CHB surveillance and management program in 2012. We report the results of the program's performance over the initial 8-year period.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients with CHB meeting guideline criteria for HCC surveillance. Eligible patients were invited into the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Liver Care Program (LCP), wherein patients receive reminders to obtain semiannual laboratory and imaging surveillance, which are reviewed by nurse practitioners. Treatment-eligible patients are provided with antiviral medications.

RESULTS:
Since its inception, 14,630 patients met study criteria, and 9,373 (64.1%) enrolled in the LCP. Adherence to imaging recommendations was higher in the LCP-managed group (41.5% of patients in the LCP received ≥80% of recommended imaging compared with 10.9% among patients not enrolled [risk ratio = 3.8; P < 0.001]). Approximately 63% of treatment-eligible patients in both groups received medication, although full-adherence rates were higher in patients managed in the LCP (72.3% vs 63.4%, respectively, P < 0.001). Among the 197 patients who developed HCC, recommended surveillance imaging was performed more frequently among LCP-managed patients (71.4% vs 53.8%, respectively, P < 0.05) who were also significantly more likely to be diagnosed at Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage 0/A (95.9% vs 74.6%; P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:
In this integrated healthcare system, a systematic program for surveilling and managing patients with CHB seemed beneficial for both process and clinical endpoints.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Potential Sources in Sediments of Plawangan Timur, Segara Anakan, Cilacap: Occurrence and Distribution
Authors: Haris Abdul , El Mouchtari El Mountassir , Nurshofia Winarni , Putranto Yogi , Hidayat Rizqi Rizaldi , Husni Iqbal Ali , Hendrayana Hendrayana , Mahdiana Arif , Sulistyo Isdy , Hidayati Nuning Vita 
Published: October 2024

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have the potential to contaminate the coastal area of Plawangan Timur, Cilacap, Indonesia. Therefore, this research aims to determine the composition, distribution, source, and contamination level of PAHs in this region. Sediment samples were taken at seven stations. The research findings indicate that among the 16 types of PAHs, the proportion of each PAH varied between 3-12%. Notably, Benzo(a) Pyrene (BaP) had the highest proportion at 12%, while Naphthalene had the lowest proportion at 3%. According to the distribution pattern, PAHs with a high molecular weight (HMW) are more prevalent than those with a low molecular weight (LMW). The total amount of PAHs ranged from 185 to 1289.9 mg.kg-1 (dw), with an average of 1016.97 mg.kg-1 (dw). Using a diagnostic ratio, it was determined that the origin of the PAHs was either petrogenic, pyrogenic, mixed petrogenic and pyrogenic, or pyrolytic. As a result, Plawangan Timur's degree of pollution was classified as a very high polluted. The average concentration value of each PAHs is higher than the values for the Effect Range Low (ERL) and Effect Range Median (ERM) ranges, indicated there is a significant ecological risk that could have negative consequences on marine life and the ecosystem. It is urgently to handle PAHs pollution due to their relatively high content in sediments. This can be achieved by improving the management of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for industry, optimizing the role of mangrove forests in reducing pollution in the waters, as well as building and increasing collaboration between related agencies in the prevention of marine oil spills.
First language loss effect on bilingual autobiographical memory: examining memory phenomenology
Authors: Sorokina Anastasia N. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the context of globalization and migration, individuals may experience language loss or first language (L1) attrition. While migrant language loss is well documented and researched, its impact on bilingual autobiographical memory remains underexplored. Existing research indicates that bilingual speakers encode memories in either their L1 or second language (L2), depending on the language context of the event. Language’s pivotal role in autobiographical memory has also been confirmed by bilingual psychotherapy research. This paper investigates whether L1 attrition can impair memories encoded in that language. Focusing on Russian-English speakers with various degrees of L1 attrition, this study examines the phenomenological characteristics of memories (vividness, emotional valence, accessibility, significance, and confidence in the event). Results from partial correlation and linear regression analyses demonstrated that language loss significantly compromises vividness and confidence, underscoring language’s integral function in maintaining bilingual autobiographical memory.
Optimal experiment design for inverse problems via selective normalization and zero-shift times
Authors: Chassain Clément , Kusiak Andrzej , Krause Kevin , Battaglia Jean-Luc 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Inverse problems are commonly used in many fields as they enable the
estimation of parameters that cannot be experimentally measured. However,
the complex nature of inverse problems requires a strong background
in data and signal processing. Moreover, ill-posed problems yield
parameters that have a strong linear dependence on the problem. The
ill-posed nature of these problems lead to many errors in numerical
computations that can make parameter identification nearly impossible.
In this paper, a new data processing tool is proposed to maximize
the sensitivity of the model to the parameters of interest, while
reducing the correlation between them. The effectiveness of the toll
is demonstrated through a given inverse problem example using Periodically
Pulsed Photothermal Radiometry (PPTR).
Stabilized weighted reduced order methods for parametrized advection-dominated optimal control problems governed by partial differential equations with random inputs
Authors: Zoccolan Fabio , Strazzullo Maria , Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, we analyze Parametrized Advection-Dominated distributed Optimal Control Problems with random inputs in a Reduced Order Model (ROM) context. All the simulations are initially based on a finite element method (FEM) discretization; moreover, a space-time approach is considered when dealing with unsteady cases. To overcome numerical instabilities that can occur in the optimality system for high values of the Péclet number, we consider a Streamline Upwind Petrov–Galerkin technique applied in an optimize-then-discretize approach. We combine this method with the ROM framework in order to consider two possibilities of stabilization: Offline-Only stabilization and Offline-Online stabilization. Moreover we consider random parameters and we use a weighted Proper Orthogonal Decomposition algorithm in a partitioned approach to deal with the issue of uncertainty quantification. Several quadrature techniques are used to derive weighted ROMs: tensor rules, isotropic sparse grids, Monte-Carlo and quasi Monte-Carlo methods. We compare all the approaches analyzing relative errors between the FEM and ROM solutions and the computational efficiency based on the speedup-index.
Free-electron coupling to surface polaritons mediated by small scatterers
Authors: Prelat Leila , Dias Eduardo J. C. , García de Abajo F. Javier 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The ability of surface polaritons (SPs) to enhance and manipulate light fields down to deep-subwavelength length scales enables applications in optical sensing and nonlinear optics at the nanoscale. However, the wavelength mismatch between light and SPs prevents direct optical excitation of surface-bound modes, thereby limiting the widespread development of SP-based photonics. Free electrons are a natural choice to directly excite strongly confined SPs because they can supply field components of high momentum at designated positions with subnanometer precision. Here, we theoretically explore free-electron–SP coupling mediated by small scatterers and show that low-energy electrons can efficiently excite surface modes with a maximum probability reached at an optimum surface–scatterer distance. By aligning the electron beam with a periodic array of scatterers placed near a polariton-supporting interface, in-plane Smith–Purcell emission results in the excitation of surface modes along well-defined directions. Our results support using scattering elements to excite SPs with low-energy electrons.
Intrathecal pain treatment for severe pain in patients with terminal cancer: A retrospective analysis of treatment-related complications and side effects
Authors: Bengtsson Linda , Thörn Sven-Egron , Dyrehag Lars-Erik , Gräbel Olaf , Andréll Paulin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Two-thirds of patients with advanced cancer experience pain. Some of these patients have severe pain refractory to oral and parenteral medication, for whom intrathecal pain treatment could be an option. While intrathecal therapy is presently used with good results in clinical practice, the current evidence is limited. Hence, increased knowledge of intrathecal pain treatment is needed. This retrospective study aimed to assess complications and side effects related to intrathecal pain treatment in patients with terminal cancer.

Methods
A retrospective study on all patients who received intrathecal treatment with morphine and bupivacaine through externalized catheters for cancer-related pain at a single university hospital during a 5-year period.

Results
Treatment-related complications were reported in 24 out of 53 patients. The most common complications were catheter dislocation (13%), catheter occlusion (9%), falls due to bupivacaine-related numbness or weakness (9%), and reversible respiratory depression (8%). There were five serious complications, i.e., meningitis or neurological impairment, of which four were reversible. Side effects related to intrathecal drugs, or the implantation procedure were observed in 35 patients. The most common were bupivacaine-related numbness or weakness (57%) and reversible post-dural puncture headache (19%). Systemic opioid doses decreased during the first 3 weeks of intrathecal treatment, from a median daily dose of 681 to 319 oral morphine milligram equivalents. The median treatment duration time was 62 days.

Conclusions
Complications related to intrathecal treatment are common, but mostly minor and reversible. Side effects are predominantly related to unwanted pharmacological effects from intrathecal drugs. Intrathecal treatment enables the reduction of systemic opioid doses, which indicates a good treatment effect on pain. Hence, intrathecal therapy can be considered a safe pain-relieving treatment in patients with severe refractory cancer-related pain. Future research is warranted on patient acceptability and satisfaction of intrathecal pain treatment.
Safety of a 4-Dose 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Series in Infants: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Hajdu Gabriella , Hughes Teena , Ouedraogo G. Laïssa , Flint Laurence , Young Mariano , Parikh Vrunda , Lee Dung-Yang , Peng Yahong , Gruber William C. , Scott Daniel A. , Watson Wendy 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) was developed to expand protection for pneumococcal disease. It contains all 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) components plus conjugates for 7 additional serotypes. Our primary objective with this study was to evaluate PCV20 tolerability and safety.

METHODS
In this phase 3, multi-country, double-blind study, healthy infants born at ≥34 weeks’ gestation were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive PCV20 or PCV13 at 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months of age. Safety assessments included local reactions and systemic events within 7 days after each vaccination, adverse events (AEs) from dose 1 to 1 month after dose 3 and from dose 4 to 1 month after dose 4, and serious AEs and newly diagnosed chronic medical conditions from dose 1 through 6 months after the last dose.

RESULTS
Participants received PCV20 (N = 1000) or PCV13 (N = 504); 91.7% received all 4 doses. The frequencies of local reactions and systemic events were generally similar in PCV20 and PCV13 groups, with most reported as mild or moderate. The most common local reaction was injection site pain (PCV20, 24.7% to 40.5%; PCV13, 26.8% to 42.0%); irritability was the most common systemic event (PCV20, 54.8% to 68.2%; PCV13, 54.7% to 68.5%). AE frequencies were similar in both groups. No serious AEs were related to study vaccines. Few newly diagnosed chronic medical conditions were reported (2.8% in both groups). PCV20 was safe across multiple countries, in late preterm infants, and when administered with other vaccines.

CONCLUSIONS
A 4-dose series of PCV20 had a tolerability and safety profile similar to that of PCV13.
Nirsevimab Effectiveness Against Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: López-Lacort Mónica , Muñoz-Quiles Cintia , Mira-Iglesias Ainara , Xavier López-Labrador F. , Garcés-Sánchez María , Escribano-López Begoña , Zornoza-Moreno Matilde , Jesús Pérez-Martín Jaime , Alfayate-Miguelez Santiago , Iofrío-De Arce Antonio , Pastor-Villalba Eliseo , Antonio Lluch-Rodrigo José , Díez-Domingo Javier , Orrico-Sánchez Alejandro ,   on behalf of the MEDIPRIM network
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
This study assesses the effectiveness of nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody, in preventing medically attended respiratory syncytial virus-lower respiratory tract infections (RSV-LRTIs) in a large primary care network in Spain, in both overall and catch-up infants aged younger than 10 months.

METHODS
The 2023–2024 immunization campaign with nirsevimab in Spain targeted all infants born after April 1, 2023. Those born after October 1 received it at birth in hospitals, whereas others received it through a catch-up program. The MEDIPRIM network of primary care centers recruited all infants with LRTI for RSV polymerase chain reaction testing and employed a test-negative design approach to estimate the effectiveness of nirsevimab.

RESULTS
The study included 160 infants; 141 (88%) of them received nirsevimab and 128 belonged to the catch-up group (88% received nirsevimab). Overall, RSV was detected in 44 infants (27.5%). Within the catch-up group, 37 (28.9%) were positive for RSV. The overall effectiveness was 75.8% (95% credible interval: 40.4–92.7), and 80.2% (95% credible interval: 44.3–95.4) in infants belonging to the catch-up group.

CONCLUSIONS
This study underscores the effectiveness of nirsevimab in preventing medically attended LRTI in infants in outpatient settings and emphasizes the importance of a catch-up immunization program to reduce the disease burden in primary care.
Előkelő hun kori temetkezés Budapestről, egy késő római erődfal árnyékából
Authors: Mészáros Boglárka , Türk Attila , Mende Balázs Gusztáv , Gyuris Balázs , Heltai Botond István , Szécsényi-Nagy Anna 
Published: October 2024

AbsztraktA dolgozat témája a 2020 nyarán talált, az aquincumi legiotáborral átellenben fekvő, Rákos-pataki római kori erőd déli falának előterében eltemetett, kora népvándorlás korra keltezhető két temetkezés. Az erőd déli fala és az erődöt övező védőárok között elhelyezkedő sírokat egymás alá, egy korábbi, félig feltöltődött, római kori gödörbe ásták bele. A felső sír egy ÉNy–DK-i tájolású, melléklet nélküli férfit rejtett, ezzel ellentétben az alsó, É–D-i irányítású harcos férfi sírja több szállal kapcsolódik mind a sztyeppei, mind a többi Kárpát-medencei hun korra keltezhető sírhoz. A rétegtani megfigyelések mellett a csontanyagon végzett 14C vizsgálatok eredményei is alátámasztják a két váz összetartozását. Feltételezhető, hogy a harcos az újonnan beköltöző, Kelet-Európából érkező népességhez, a hun ellenőrzést és befolyást gyakorló elit tagjaihoz tartozhatott, azonban a provinciális eredetű szokások utalhatnak a rómaiakkal kapcsolatban álló foederati csoportokra is. Emellett közelebbi genetikai rokonságot mutat a kaukázusi népességekkel, így felmerül a kérdés, hogy az alánoktól vagy a hozzájuk genetikailag kapcsolódó népektől származott-e.
Degradation kinetics of betalains in red beetroot juices throughout fermentation process and storage
Authors: Melisa Duyar Sura , Sarı Ferda , Aybuke Karaoglan Hatice 
Published: October 2024

Contemporary customers have increasingly heightened demands regarding their dietary preferences, favoring readily available and healthful ready-to-consume food and beverage alternatives. In order to fulfill this demand, the beverage industry has been exploring innovative products. Red beetroot juice (RBJ) is easily consumed and offers a beneficial advantage due to its betalain content. Both the traditional/spontaneous method and the industrial method are viable options for producing RBJ. The aim of this study was to examine the stability of betalains, the primary bioactive component in RBJ, throughout the fermentation process and during storage. The RBJ samples contained betalain pigments, as indicated by the infrared spectra. No decrease in betalain content was observed in either RBJ juice fermented by two different methods. The total betalain content of the RBJ samples was 594.068 and 535.152 mg/L at the beginning of fermentation through the spontaneous method and the method with the addition of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 431 (Lc. paracasei), respectively, and 580.151 mg/L and 667.382 mg/L at the conclusion of fermentation, respectively. Mathematical models were employed to represent the degradation of betalains over time during storage. It was found that the sigmoidal model (R2 = 0.974) and other models (R2 = 0.957–0.969) demonstrated a greater potential to describe the degradation of betalains in RBJ samples produced by the spontaneous method compared to the first-order kinetics model (R2 = 0.932). The models used in the study were successful, with R2 values ranging between 0.927 and 0.932 in the RBJ samples produced with the addition of the probiotic Lc. paracasei for predicting betalain degradation.
Evaluation of photoprotective properties of pharmaceutical packaging containing cefuroxime by total hemispherical reflectance analysis
Authors: Górka Tomasz , Meisner Michał , Sarecka-Hujar Beata 
Published: October 2024

WstępNiewłaściwe zabezpieczenie substancji czynnej może doprowadzić do utraty jej pierwotnych właściwości. Do oceny własności fotoprotekcyjnych opakowań leków można zastosować wiele metod, w tym hemisferyczną reflektancję kierunkową. Celem badania była ocena wartości reflektancji dla opakowania zewnętrznego (pudełko kartonowe) i opakowania bezpośredniego (blister) zawierającego cefuroksym.Materiał i metodyZa pomocą reflektometru 410-Solar zbadano opakowania dwóch preparatów (Ceroxim i Zinnat), zarówno przeterminowanych, jak i nieprzeterminowanych. Analizie poddano trzy rodzaje obszarów pomiarowych: „biały” (biały karton zewnętrzny), „kolorowy” (obszary kolorystyczne kartonu zewnętrznego) oraz „blister” (opakowanie bezpośrednie wykonane z aluminium i PCV).WynikiNajwiększą wartość reflektancji stwierdzono w zakresie 700–1100 nm zarówno dla preparatów przeterminowanych, jak i nieprzeterminowanych. W zakresie 335–380 nm ilość odbitego promieniowania dla nieprzeterminowanych opakowań Ceroxim vs Zinnat wynosiła odpowiednio: 30% vs 12% dla obszarów kolorowych, 39% vs 24% dla obszarów białych i 74% vs 70% dla blistrów. W przypadku preparatu Ceroxim, reflektancja nieprzeterminowanych obszarów kolorowych była znacząco wyższa niż przeterminowanych (p < 0,001) we wszystkich zakresach spektralnych, z wyjątkiem 1700–2500 nm. Natomiast reflektancja przeterminowanych obszarów białych preparatu Ceroxim była wyższa niż nieprzeterminowanych (p < 0,001) dla 480–600 nm, 590–720 nm, 700–1100 nm i 1700–2500 nm. Blistry nieprzeterminowane preparatu Zinnat wykazywały mocniejsze właściwości fotoprotekcyjne niż przeterminowane w zakresie 335–380 nm. Nie stwierdzono różnic pomiędzy przeterminowanymi i nieprzeterminowanymi blistrami preparatu Ceroxim.WnioskiWartość reflektancji wskazuje, że blistry i opakowania z białego kartonu w większym stopniu chronią cefuroksym przed promieniowaniem niż opakowania kolorowe.