bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apontamentos para o estudo do desamparo aprendido
Authors: Hunziker Maria Helena Leite 
Published: September 2024

O presente texto destaca alguns aspectos conceituais, metodológicos e teóricos relacionados ao estudo do desamparo aprendido com o objetivo de nortear o pesquisador iniciante no tema. Essas considerações são fundamentadas em trabalhos experimentais com sujeitos não humanos, formuladas a partir da perspectiva comportamentalista radical. São abordados criticamente os conceitos de controle e incontrolabilidade, o delineamento experimental triádico que caracteriza essas pesquisas, a definição do efeito comportamental em estudo, as principais hipóteses explicativas e a sua proposição como modelo animal de depressão. Algumas hipóteses alternativas são também apontadas em função do seu potencial de incentivo para novos estudos. Dois problemas encontrados nos estudos da área são destacados: 1) a suposição da “expectativa” como variável independente e 2) o uso ambíguo do termo “desamparo aprendido”, tanto para designar o efeito comportamental como uma das hipóteses que o explicam. Espera-se que o texto contribua para que analistas do comportamento iniciantes possam estabelecer procedimentos e interpretações rigorosos dos resultados obtidos, possibilitando o avanço na compreensão do desamparo aprendido. Palavras-chave: Desamparo aprendido, controle, incontrolabilidade, modelo animal, depressão.
Uma introdução ao estudo da ressurgência comportamental
Authors: Rolim Gabriel Henderson Soares , Chaves Anna Paula Bittencourt Pires , Filho Paulo Sérgio Dillon Soares , Neto Marcus Bentes de Carvalho 
Published: September 2024

Frequentemente nos deparamos com situações em que observamos o reaparecimento de algum comportamento que há muito tempo não ocorria. O termo “recaída” tem sido utilizado para se referir a esse fenômeno e engloba diversos modelos experimentais. Um dos modelos possíveis é o da ressurgência comportamental, definido como o reaparecimento de uma classe de respostas que foi anteriormente reforçada e que teve a sua probabilidade reduzida, quando as condições de reforçamento para o responder atual são pioradas. A ressurgência tem sido demonstrada em diversas espécies, e os estudos na área têm auxiliado a identificar fatores importantes na recaída de comportamentos problemáticos. O presente artigo apresenta uma introdução ao campo de estudo da ressurgência comportamental, identificando a trajetória histórica da formação do conceito, seus aspectos metodológicos e variáveis de controle, suas principais teorias explicativas e implicações deste campo de estudo para Análise do Comportamento Aplicada. Espera-se que a introdução apresentada contribua na disseminação do tema, introduzindo novos estudantes nessa área que ainda é pouco discutida no âmbito da graduação em psicologia. Compreender a ressurgência ajudará na formação de profissionais que planejem sistematicamente suas práticas de intervenção, considerando a possibilidade de mitigar o reaparecimento de comportamentos problemas e produzir comportamentos adequados. Palavras-chave: reaparecimento, recaída, ressurgência comportamental.
Strategoí: early Byzantine military commanders in the times of Zeno and Anastasius (474–518)
Authors: Leszka Mirosław J. , Wierzbiński Szymon 
Published: September 2024

The aim of the book is to show the reader the commanders of the early Byzantine army during the times of emperors Zeno (474–491) and Anastasius I (491–518). The authors focused on the role that selected commanders played in the empire’s military struggles with hostile peoples and states. Researchers are also interested in their role in the political life of the empire. Presenting profiles representative of the military elite of the empire from the years 474–518 gave the authors the opportunity to trace their path to the highest military positions, family connections, and involvement in religious and cultural life.
The book is divided into five basic parts. The first part addresses the topic of organization and the problem of the size of the army of the late Roman Empire and early Byzantium. The second one discusses the policy of emperors Zeno and Anastasius I regarding the appointment of magisters militum. The third one describes the most important opponents of the Byzantine Empire, with whom the leaders appointed by Zeno and Anastasius had to fight, namely the Ostrogoths, Persians and Bulgars. The fourth part shows the involvement of representatives of the military elite in usurpations and rebellions in the times of Zeno and Anastasius I. Finally, the fifth part includes ten exemplary biographies of militum magisters active in the times of Zeno and Anastasius I (Areobindus, Armatus, Hypatius, Illus, John the Scythian, Leontius, Patricius, Pharesmanes, Sabinianus Magnus, Trocundes). Texts published in this volume are organized, as far as the sources permitted, according to the following scheme: descent, education, career (civil and military), picture in the sources, family, and military duties.

The research project financed by the National Science Centre. Decision number: DEC-2018/31/B/HS3/03038 (Eastern Roman Military Elites from Theodosius II to Anastasius I (408–518). A Socio-Political Study)
Conocimiento y prácticas sobre manejo de residuos sólidos en estudiantes de una universidad pública del Perú
Authors: Urure Velazco Isabel Natividad , Pacheco Villa García Luisa Antonia , Llerena Ururi Karen Leticia , Berrocal Pacheco Pedro Luis 
Published: September 2024

El manejo de los residuos sólidos es un problema común a todas las instituciones, como es el caso de las universidades. El objetivo de este artículo fue determinar el nivel de conocimiento y prácticas sobre manejo de residuos sólidos en estudiantes universitarios de una universidad pública del Perú. El estudio fue no experimental, cuantitativo, correlacional y prospectivo, con una muestra de 228 estudiantes. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios, validados a nivel nacional, con confiabilidad Kuder-Richardson de 0.755 para conocimiento y Alfa Cronbach 0.823 para práctica. Dentro de los resultados predominó el grupo etario de 20-24 años (86%) y el sexo femenino (89%). El conocimiento sobre residuos sólidos fue de nivel medio (62.3%), la pregunta de mayor acierto según promedio aritmético fue la valorización de residuos sólidos ( = 0.92, DS 0.25) y la de menor acierto fue la generación de residuos sólidos ( = 0.34, DS 0.47). Las prácticas sobre manejo de residuos sólidos fueron de nivel bueno (71.5%), la práctica más realizada fue utilizar bolsa de tela para realizar compras ( = 4.07, DS 1.27). Se halló correlación negativa muy baja entre ciclo de estudios y nivel de conocimiento y prácticas (p<0.05), no se halló relación significativa entre edad, sexo y estado civil (p>0,05). Se concluye que la relación entre conocimiento y prácticas de manejo de residuos sólidos es significativa y se comporta de forma positiva moderada (r = 0.412, p = 0.000), es decir que, a mayor nivel de conocimiento, las prácticas del manejo de residuos sólidos son mejores.
Analisis Kualitas Air, Limbah dan Udara pada Industri Perhotelan: Studi Kasus Hotel X di Yogyakarta
Authors: Saprian Saprian , Siswoyo Eko 
Published: September 2024

Kualitas lingkungan merupakan salah satu faktor kunci dalam menunjang keberhasilan industri pariwisata, dimana kondisi lingkungan yang baik diharapkan mampu menjadi salah satu daya tarik bagi wisatawan untuk mengunjungi suatu kota. Berbagai permasalahan lingkungan seperti pencemaran badan air sungai, air tanah dan udara harus mendapat perhatian yang serius, misalnya melalui kegiatan pemantauan kualitas lingkungan secara rutin oleh pelaku industri perhotelan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi kualitas lingkungan di hotel bintang empat serta memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan survei dan pemantauan langsung kondisi lingkungan di beberapa hotel bintang empat. Temuan penelitian dapat membantu pengelola hotel dan pemerintah daerah dalam meningkatkan keberlanjutan dan pengelolaan lingkungan di industri perhotelan. Secara khusus, studi ini berfokus pada aspek-aspek seperti air bersih, air limbah, udara ambien, pengelolaan limbah, dan polusi suara. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kualitas udara ambien di sekitar hotel bintang empat memenuhi baku mutu, beberapa parameter melebihi ambang batas. Air limbah dari hotel secara signifikan melebihi baku mutu air, sedangkan penggunaan filter mengurangi dampak negatif dari pencemaran air limbah. Penelitian tersebut berfungsi sebagai kontribusi untuk pengembangan studi masa depan terkait dengan kualitas lingkungan dan kondisi tempat kerja di industri perhotelan Indonesia.
Trends in Orthopaedic Surgery Fellowship Match Among Female Residents: Discrepancies in Sex Diversity by Subspecialty
Authors: Anand Malini , Julian Kaitlyn R. , Mulcahey Mary K. , Wong Stephanie E. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
There is a historic sex imbalance in the field of orthopaedic surgery in the United States, with female physicians being vastly underrepresented. In addition, this sex imbalance is particularly pronounced in certain subspecialties. As such, we sought to analyze the distribution of graduating female residents and their fellowship match trends from 2017 to 2022.

Methods:
The American Medical Association Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database was used to identify all orthopaedic surgery residency programs in the United States during the 2016 to 2017 and the 2021 to 2022 academic years. The data were supplemented with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Data Book to include data on all ACGME-accredited programs in 2017 and 2022. The percentage of female orthopaedic surgery residents matching into each subspecialty was calculated. Continuous data were analyzed with independent t test, and significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results:
From 2017 to 2022, there has been a significant increase in the percentage of female residents matching in orthopaedic surgery fellowships (14.6% vs. 19.5%, p < 0.001). In the orthopaedic hand subspecialty, 24 (15.8%) female residents matched into a hand fellowship in 2017 vs. 56 (35.2%) in 2022 (p < 0.001). Spine, trauma, adult reconstruction, oncology, pediatrics, foot and ankle, shoulder and elbow, and sports medicine fellowships have not seen a significant change in the distribution of female residents matching over the past 5 years.

Conclusion:
Between 2017 and 2022, the total number of female orthopaedic surgery fellows increased, and there was significant growth in the percentage of matched female fellows in the subspecialty of hand. Other orthopaedic subspecialties including spine, trauma, adult reconstruction, oncology, pediatrics, foot and ankle, shoulder and elbow, and sports medicine have seen no significant change in the distribution of women fellows over the past 5 years. Further investigation is warranted to determine factors leading to growth in certain fellowships among female residents to encourage sex diversity among all subspecialties in orthopaedic surgery.
La actividad etnozoológica como estrategia de fortalecimiento de destinos turísticos responsables de Ecuador
Authors: LEMOINE QUINTERO FRANK ÁNGEL , VILLACÍS ZAMBRANO LILIA MONCERRATE , HERNÁNDEZ RODRÍGUEZ NORMA RAFAELA , ZAMBRANO ARTEAGA KEILY JEFFERSON 
Published: September 2024

El estudio pretende desarrollar la etnozoología como una alternativa de producto turístico dentro de las actividades recreativas turísticas aportando al fortalecimiento a la imagen de los destinos turísticos que se encuentran en el destino Sucre-San Vicente. El objetivo que se persigue es realizar un diagnóstico que permita caracterizar la existencia de especies de fauna en la zona que contribuya a desarrollar productos turísticos sostenibles que posicionen al destino en un segmento de mercado muy competitivo de índole recreativa o investigativo. EL método descriptivo permitió la contextualización por actores e investigadores referente al objeto de la investigación y de la aplicación de técnica de observación logrando precisar las especies existentes a nivel de atractivo. El levantamiento realizado asegura que la existencia de fauna en la zona permitirá desarrollar la etnozoologia como un producto turístico sostenible para el destino turismo.
Palabras claves: Etnozoología; producto turístico; destino turístico; circuito turístico; Ecuador.
WITHDRAWN: Characterization of the bla VEB-3 bearing IncC plasmid and bla KPC-2 bearing IncFII plasmid in a type I-E CRISPR-Cas system harboring Klebsiella oxytoca stain
Authors: Zhong Yu-Xia , Liu Wan-Ting , Yuan Pei-Bo , Yang Ling , Xu Zhenbo , Chen Ding-Qiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Transplantation of Derivative Retinal Organoids from Chemically Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Restored Visual Function
Authors: Jin Zi-Bing , Zhao Ning , Zhang Chang-Jun , Zhang Xiao , Su Bing-Nan , Jin Kangxin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

As an emerging type of pluripotent stem cells, chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs) avoid the risks of genomic disintegration by exogenous DNAs from viruses or plasmids, providing a safer stem cell source. To verify CiPSCs’ capacity to differentiate into retinal organoids (ROs), we induced CiPSCs from mouse embryonic fibroblasts by defined small-molecule compounds and successfully differentiated the CiPSCs into three-dimensional ROs, in which all major retinal cell types and retinal genes were in concordance with those in vivo. We transplanted retinal photoreceptors from ROs into the subretinal space of retinal degeneration mouse models and the cells could integrate into the host retina, establish synaptic connections, and significantly improve the visual functions of the murine models. This proof-of-concept study for the first time demonstrated that CiPSCs could differentiate into ROs with a full spectrum of retinal cell types, and provided new insights into chemical approach-based retinal regeneration for degenerative diseases.
Computational Development of mushroom-6-Glucan/Paclitaxel as a Synergistic Complementary Medicine for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: EL-Deeb Nehal , Ibrahim Omar , Kamel Ayman , Gomaa Ahmed , Kenawy Ahmed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer is chemo-resistant and highly metastatic, often resulting in patient mortality. One of the primary factors contributing to the metastasis and chemotherapy resistance is the presence of cancer stem-like cells. We posited that the natural polysaccharide known as 6-glucans, derived from Pleurotus ostreatus, could effectively counteract the chemotherapy resistance associated with cancer stem-like cells in breast cancer.
Methods
We computationally developed a specific dual combinatorial therapy involving 6-glucans and Paclitaxel (PTX) and tested on preclinical 3D mammosphere human tumor models representing receptor-positive and receptor-negative breast cancer. Using this preclinical 3D spheroid technology, we tested the anti-cancer properties of these predicted treatment combinations on mammospheres containing human breast cancer stem cells.
Results
Among the 40 distinct combinations examined, computational prediction revealed that the addition of 2.0 mg/mL of 6-glucans to a low dose of 3.0 µg/mL PTX was the sole combination demonstrating a synergistic effect. This optimized synergistic combination therapy displayed a significant inhibitory impact on human cancer epithelial and stem cell migration, evasion, and colony formation. The inclusion of 6-glucans also augmented apoptosis in both breast cancer cells and stem cells, leading to a six-fold reduction in BrdU labeled cells and an increased arrest of cells in the sub-G0 phase. These effects were mediated through mitochondrial dysfunction and the downregulation of associated oncogenes.
Conclusion
Our study revealed that the computationally predicted 6-glucans-based binary complementary medicine exhibited sequence- and concentration-dependent anticancer synergistic effects.
Comparison and optimization of mining area division schemes for Baorixile open-pit coal mine based on improved AHP-EWM method
Authors: LIU Guangwei , REN Chonghui , JU Xingjun , WANG Han , LIU Xin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Taking the remaining resource areas of the Baorixile open-pit coal mine in the Chenbalhu Banner mining area as the premise, the optimization problem of the remaining mining area division plan of the Baorixile open-pit coal mine was studied. Based on fully considering the current production situation, an improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM) combined with the method of approaching the ideal solution (TOPSIS) were constructed to conduct theoretical research using a multi-scheme and multi-index scheme optimization model, and combined it with A comparative analysis of two traditional evaluation models, the AHP method and the uncombined EWM method was conducted, and the advantages of the improved AHP-EWM method over the traditional method were elaborated. Then, the three remaining mining area division schemes proposed for the Baorixile open-pit coal mine were analyzed. In the case of twelve evaluation indicators, the closeness of the three decision-making schemes to the positive and negative ideal points of the TOPSIS method was calculated. Based on the principle that the decision-making scheme is closest to the positive ideal solution, the decision-making scheme was selected in terms of economic benefits, long-term development, and subsequent mining area continuation—the optimal decision-making solution from all angles. Option three also verified the effectiveness and practicability of the improved AHP-EWM method. It provided reference value for other open-pit coal mines to propose various mining area division decision-making plans with certain theoretical and practical significance.
Enhanced exosome secretion regulated by microglial P2X7R in the medullary dorsal horn contributes to pulpitis-induced pain
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yu Zhuo , Wang Mingjun , Kang Xiaoning , Wu Xiaoke , Yang Fengjiao , Yang Lu , Sun Shukai , Wu Li-an 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Pulpitis is a prevalent oral disease characterized by severe pain. The activation of microglia in the medullary dorsal horn (MDH) is reportedly essential for the central sensitization mechanism associated with pulpitis. And the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) on microglia can trigger secretion of exosome enriched in IL-1β, which is involved in the inflammation. Thus, we hypothesized that enhanced exosome secretion regulated by microglial P2X7R in the MDH contributes to pulpitis-induced pain.
Methods
The male SD rats were chosen as experimental animals and the experimental pulpitis model was established to observe the rat’s pain behavior. Immunofluorescence staining, western blot and quantitative real-time PCR, were used to analyze the expression of Rab27a and IL-1β. The exosome inhibitor GW4869 and P2X7R antagonist Brilliant Blue G (BBG) were performed to analyze the correlation between microglial P2X7R, exosome secretion and inflammation in the pulpitis model. In vitro, microglia cell lines were cultured to collect exosomes, and stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), oxidized ATP (oxATP) and GW4869 detected changes in exosome secretion and inflammatory factors.
Results
In the experimental pulpitis model, the degree of microglial exosome secretion and inflammatory factor release in the MDH was correlated with the degree of pulpitis-induced pain, with the highest expression on the 7th day. GW4869, as well as BBG, could inhibit Rab27a and IL-1β expression, reducing pulpitis-induced pain. In addition, exosomes were successfully extracted by ultracentrifugation in vitro, LPS treatment could promote the exosome secretion, while GW4869 had an opposite role on the secretion of exosomes and inflammatory factor IL-1β. Moreover, P2X7R inhibition by oxATP also diminished exosome secretion, leading to a reduction in inflammatory responses.
Conclusion
This study indicates the regulatory role of microglial P2X7R in increased exosome secretion, implicating the potential utility of P2X7R as a promising target for pulpitis therapy. And our research provides a new pulpitis mechanism that exosomes enriched in IL-1β contributed to pulpitis-induced pain, suggesting the crucial role of exosomes as pain biomarkers and harmful signal bearers in pulpitis.
Engineering 2D Spin Networks by “on-surface” Encapsulation of Azafullerene Radicals in Nanotemplates
Authors: Cvetko Dean , Kladnik Gregor , Schio Luca , Bavdek Gregor , Tanuma Yuri , Mavrič Marion van Midden , Zupanič Erik , Anézo Bastien , Sideri Ioanna , Tagmatarchis Nikos , Volkmann Jannis , Wegner Hermann A. , Goldoni Andrea , Ewels Christopher , Morgante Alberto , Floreano Luca , Arcon Denis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We present an efficient strategy for on-surface engineering of organic metal-free supramolecular complexes with long-term spin protection. By vacuum deposition of azafullerene (C59N•) monomers on a pre-deposited template layer of [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP) nanohoops on Au(111) surface we exploit the molecular shape matching between the C59N• and [10]CPP for the azafullerene encapsulation with nanohoops in a guest-host complexation geometry. C59N•⊂[10]CPP supramolecular complexes self-assemble into an extended two-dimensional hexagonal lattice yielding a high density network of stable spin-1/2 radicals. We find compelling evidence for electronic coupling between the guest C59N• and the host [10]CPP in supramolecular species. At the same time, [10]CPP effectively protects the radical state of encapsulated azafullerenes against dimerization and inhibits C59N• coupling to the Au substrate. Azafullerene encapsulation by nanohoops represents a viable realization of molecular spin protection while simultaneously demonstrating exceptional self-assembling properties by which large-scale 2D architectures of molecular spins can be realized.
Sarayönü Region (Türkiye) Potential Toxic Element Content, Spatial Distribution, Ecological and Human Health Risks of Agricultural Lands and Wheat
Authors: ODEN Muhammed Kamil , HORASAN Bilgehan Yabgu , OZDONER Ali , SARICOBAN Cemalettin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Today, the beginning of many environmental problems is related to soil pollution. Potential toxic element accumulation in soils has the feature of persistence and accumulation for many years. Potential toxic elements can show point and diffuse spatial distribution by being carried to some extent near their source point. Potential toxic elements may cause a decrease in the quality of products in areas where they are distributed, and they may enter the food chain and put human health at risk. Sarayönü is one of the most important agricultural centers of Konya province. Approximately 10% of the agriculture activities of Konya province are carried out in the district where there is no heavy industry. Mercury mining has been carried out within the district borders in historical periods and the last fifty years. Some other potentially toxic elements, especially mercury, and arsenic, have been transported to some extent and dispersed spatially through abandoned mines, mining activities, and streams passing near ore zones. Chemical analysis of soil and wheat samples was performed. The results of soil samples are average, 16 (Cu), 2.1 (Pb), 66.4 (Zn), 0.52 (Ni), 5 (Mn), 22876 (Fe), 14.8 (As), 0.025 (Cd), 14 (Cr), 15116 (Al) and 0.71 (Hg) ppm values were found. The results of wheat samples were Hg (0.100), As (0.100), Pb (0.130), Zn (0.400), Cu (0.30), Ni (0.060), Cr (0.35), Cd (0.0094), Al (1.60) and Fe (0.95). The results were found to be well below the reference values ​​taken in Turkey and the World. According to the results in the soil, significant contamination of mercury and arsenic was detected in ecological risk factors at locations S1 and S7. No high carcinogenic risk was detected for children and adults in the field.