bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rights of the Dying Child and the Duties of Healthcare Providers: The “Trieste Charter”
Authors: Benini Franca , Vecchi Roberta , Lazzarin Pierina , Jankovic Momcilo , Orsi Luciano , Manfredini Luca , Drigo Paola , Sellaroli Valentina , Gangemi Michele , Spizzichino Marco , Orzalesi Marcello 
Published: October 2016

Purpose The death of a child is a devastating and tragic event for all those involved. This charter aims to help healthcare workers and people assisting terminally ill children to recognize some important rights of the child, with some related suggestions. We consider it important to have a trace of this process, based on the skillfulness of long-lasting experts. Methods In September 2012, a group of professionals working with children affected by incurable illness in Italy launched a project to formulate the charter. Trieste is the city where the group of professionals first met to start the project. The first step was a detailed literature search on the topic, the second step was an extensive discussion among the professionals (writing committee) to prepare a first draft; later (third step) the draft was revised by 38 experts in different areas, including patient and family representatives, and lastly (fourth step) the final version of the charter was prepared. Results We developed a document containing 10 rights and corresponding duties that could be applied to any clinical situation or circumstances and used as a guide by professionals and families caring for children in the terminal stages of an illness. Conclusions The Trieste Charter proposes fundamental rights for children who are approaching the end of their lives. The charter will have achieved its purpose when every person caring for a dying child is capable of staying near the child until the last moments of his or her life, prepared to accept his or her death, ensuring both respect and dignity.
Rare Metastatic Sites of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Urethra and Spermatic Cord
Authors: Pirola Giacomo M. , Martorana Eugenio , Fidanza Francesco A. , Bonetti Luca Reggiani , Puliatti Stefano , Bonora Alessandra , Micali Salvatore , Bianchi Giampaolo 
Published: October 2016

Introduction About 20% of patients with a diagnosis of primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) present directly with metastatic disease. The aim of the present manuscript is to describe, for the first time a RCC metastasis located to the distal female urethra and to present an update on metastatic locations to the male spermatic cord. Materials and methods We report two cases of rare RCC metastases. The first concerns a 92-year-old female patient who came to our attention for recurrent urethral bleeding, which was initially believed to be secondary to urethral mucosal ectropion. Pathology demonstrated a RCC metastasis. The second concerns a 67-year-old male patient with a previous history of RCC who came to our attention for the finding of palpable, mobile and indolent right inguinal lump. Given the past history of malignancy, it was excised and revealed to be a RCC metastasis. Discussion In the first case, the pathologic specimen allowed the detection of an unknown renal tumor, whereas in the second, the previous neoplastic history of the patient has led clinicians to focus on a possible neoplastic recurrence, perform a correct excision of the node, and begin an early systemic therapy. Conclusions These cases are emblematic of possible unexpected RCC metastasis. These findings should be taken into account in order to clarify the differential diagnosis and to address these patients to a correct therapeutic course.
Role of Working Memory Updating and Working Memory Capacity in Moderating the Relationship between Impulsivity with Propensity of Risk Taking Behaviors and Decision Making in Boy Adolescents
Authors: Khorasani Amir Hamzeh , Vafaei Maria E. Aguilar , Nejati Vahid , Abadi Hamidreza Hassan 
Published: October 2016

<p class="a"><span lang="EN-US">In this research, authors examine how individual differences in working memory capacity and Working Memory updating influence differences in impulsivity in risky decision making and behaviors. This study makes attempt to address extension of related works on the relationship between working memory, impulsivity and risky decision making and behaviors in adolescents. A large sample (420) of boy secondary grade students involved in this research; this study indicated that working memory capacity and updating Working Memory moderate some of impulsivity and high risk behaviors and decision making. Individuals with low working memory capacity and high impulsivity compared to individuals with high working memory capacity and high impulsivity are more likely subjected to risky decision making. Further, high risk behaviors are more salient in individuals with low updating Working Memory and high impulsivity. </span></p>
Development and Validation of a Reversed-Phase Chiral HPLC Method to Determine the Chiral Purity of Bulk Batches of (S)-Enantiomer in Afoxolaner
Authors: Padivitage Nilusha , Kumar Satish , Rustum Abu 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Afoxolaner is a new antiparasitic molecule from the isoxazoline family that acts on insect acarine g-aminobutyric acid and glutamate receptors. Afoxolaner is a racemic mixture, which has a chiral center at the isoxazoline ring. A reversed-phase chiral HPLC method has been developed to determine the chiral purity of bulk batches of (S)-enantiomer in afoxolaner for the first time. This method can also be used to verifythat afoxolaner is a racemic mixture, which was demonstrated by specific rotation. ChromSword, an artificial intelligence method development tool, was used for initial method development. The column selected for the final method was CHIRALPAK AD-RH (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size), maintained at 45°C, and isocratic elution using water–isopropanol–acetonitrile (40 + 50 + 10, v/v/v) as the mobile phasewith a detection wavelength of 312 nm. The run time for the method was 11 min. The resolution and selectivity factors of the two enantiomers were 2.3 and 1.24, respectively. LOQ and LOD of the method were 1.6 and 0.8 μg/mL, respectively. This method was appropriately validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines for its intended use.
Chromatographic Fingerprints Combined with Chemometric Methods Reveal the Chemical Features of Authentic Radix Polygalae
Authors: Xin Zhongquan , Ren Dabing , Zhang Xiaojuan , Yi Zhibiao , Yi Lunzhao 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
GC-MS fingerprints of Radix Polygalae (RP) were measured for deliberately collected samples. A total of 88 volatile components were identified and quantified by subwindow factor analysis, heuristic evolving latent projection, and retention index. Next, an efficient discrimination model based on partial least-squares (PLS) discriminant analysis (DA) was developed to distinguish the superior RP samples from the inferior ones, and the reliability and predictive ability of the model was evaluated by cross-validation and permutation tests. Furthermore, four components (1-octanol, shyobunone, isobornyl acetate, and α-asarone) were screened by coefficient β of PLS-DA. They represented the important chemical features of authentic RP and could be applied to the accurate discrimination and QC of RP in the future. Our results suggest that chromatographic fingerprints coupled with chemometric methods provide an effective and convenient strategy for QC of RP and are helpful for revealing the chemical features of a complex analytical sample.
Defining species boundaries in the Merodon avidus complex (Diptera, Syrphidae) using integrative taxonomy, with the description of a new species
Authors: Ačanski Jelena , Vujić Ante , Djan Mihajla , Vidaković Dragana Obreht , Ståhls Gunilla , Radenković Snežana 
Published: October 2016

Several recent studies have detected and described complexes of cryptic and sibling species in the genus Merodon (Diptera, Syrphidae). One representative of these complexes is the Merodon avidus complex that contains four sibling species, which have proven difficult to distinguish using traditional morphological characters. In the present study, we use two geometric morphometric approaches, as well as molecular characters of the 5’-end of the mtDNA COI gene, to delimit sibling taxa. Analyses based on these data were used to strengthen species boundaries within the complex, and to validate the status of a previously-recognized cryptic taxon from Lesvos Island (Greece), here described as Merodon megavidus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov. Geometric morphometric results of both wing and surstylus shape confirm the present classification for three sibling species－M. avidus (Rossi, 1790), M. moenium Wiedemann in Meigen, 1822 and M. ibericus Vujić, 2015－and, importantly, clearly discriminate the newly-described taxon Merodon megavidus sp. nov. In addition to our geometric morphometric results, supporting characters were obtained from molecular analyses of mtDNA COI sequences, which clearly differentiated M. megavidus sp. nov. from the other members of the M. avidus complex. Molecular analyses revealed that the earliest divergence of M. ibericus occurred around 800 ky BP, while the most recent separation happened between M. avidus and M. moenium around 87 ky BP.
Basic Abdominal Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound Training in the Undergraduate
Authors: Garcia-Casasola Gonzalo , Sánchez Francisco Javier García , Luordo Davide , Zapata Deborah Forrester , Frías María Carnevali , Garrido Victoria Villena , Martínez Javier Villanueva , de la Sotilla Alberto Forero , Rojo José Manuel Casas , Macho Juan Torres 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo analyze the ability of medical students to be integrated in the teaching of basic abdominal ultrasound using a peer‐mentoring design.MethodsThirty medical students previously trained in basic abdominal ultrasound (mentors) had to teach all fourth‐year students (n = 136) from a single academic year the same training they had received. There were 3 stages to the ultrasound teaching: theoretical (online course); basic training (3 practical sessions in which students were guaranteed to have had a minimum of 15 hours of practical experience with ultrasound and performed at least 20 basic abdominal ultrasound studies); and evaluation (objective structured clinical examination in which students had to obtain the basic abdominal views and to identify 17 structures).ResultsThe mean grade ± SD obtained was 8.71 ± 1.53 of a possible 10 points. Only 2 students (1.56%) obtained a grade lower than 5, and 14 students (10.86%) obtained a grade lower than 7. A total of 33 students (25.5%) achieved the maximum grade. The structures most easily identified were the liver, the right kidney, and the urinary bladder, with 97.7% of correct answers. Students obtained the poorest results when trying to identify the left and right cardiac cavities (subxiphoid view), with only 53.5% and 55.8% of correct answers, respectively.ConclusionsTeaching based on peer mentoring achieved an adequate level of training in basic abdominal ultrasound. The students acquired these skills in a relatively short training period. These results suggest that peer mentoring can facilitate the large‐scale implementation of ultrasound teaching in undergraduate students.
Fetal Heart Size
Authors: DeVore Greggory R. , Tabsh Kareem , Polanco Bardo , Satou Gary , Sklansky Mark 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether the global area and circumference of the heart varies between two measurement techniques: the point‐to‐point trace and the electronic ellipse methods.MethodsThe epicardial border of the 4‐chamber view was measured in 200 fetuses between 20 and 40 weeks' gestation, from which the area and circumference using the point‐to‐point trace and electronic ellipse were measured. Analysis of variance, correlation, and regression analysis using fractional polynomials and 7 independent variables (head circumference, biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, femur length, estimated fetal weight, mean ultrasound gestational age, and last menstrual period gestational age) were performed.ResultsThe correlation between the mean ultrasound gestational age and last menstrual period gestational age was 0.9880 (5% confidence limit, 0.9716; 95% confidence limit, 0.9880), with an R2 of 0.9762. The R2 value for the 7 independent variables regressed against the area and circumference using the point‐to‐point trace and electronic ellipse methods ranged between 0.885 and 0.965. Comparison of Z scores between this study and previous publications demonstrated that there were differences and similarities, depending on whether the area or circumference was measured.ConclusionsThis study shows high R2 values when comparing measurements of the area and circumference against 7 independent variables, irrespective of whether the point‐to‐point trace or the electronic ellipse method was used to obtain the measurements. A calculator to evaluate the area and circumference is provided, using 7 independent variables from which Z scores and percentiles for individual measurements can be computed.
An assessment of the radiative effects of ice supersaturation based on in situ observations
Authors: Tan Xiaoxiao , Huang Yi , Diao Minghui , Bansemer Aaron , Zondlo Mark A. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Volkamer Rainer , Hu Yongyun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe use aircraft observations combined with the reanalysis data to investigate the radiative effects of ice supersaturation (ISS). Our results show that although the excess water vapor over ice saturation itself has relatively small radiative effects, mistaking it as ice crystals in climate models would lead to considerable impacts: on average, +2.49 W/m2 change in the top of the atmosphere (TOA) radiation, −2.7 W/m2 change in surface radiation, and 1.47 K/d change in heating rates. The radiative effects of ISS generally increase with the magnitudes of supersaturation. However, there is a strong dependence on the preexisting ice water path, which can even change the sign of the TOA radiative effect. It is therefore important to consider coexistence between ISS and ice clouds and to validate their relationship in the parameterizations of ISS in climate models.
Can reducing the incoming energy flux over the Southern Ocean in a CGCM improve its simulation of tropical climate?
Authors: Mechoso Carlos R. , Losada Teresa , Koseki Shunya , Mohino‐Harris Elsa , Keenlyside Noel , Castaño‐Tierno Antonio , Myers Timothy A. , Rodriguez‐Fonseca Belen , Toniazzo Thomas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAtmosphere‐ocean general circulation models (CGCMs) show important systematic errors. Simulated precipitation in the tropics is generally overestimated over the oceans south of the equator, and stratocumulus (SCu) clouds are underestimated above too warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs). In the extratropics, SSTs are also too warm over the Southern Ocean. We argue that ameliorating these extratropical errors in a CGCM can result in an improved model's performance in the tropics depending upon the success in simulating the sensitivity of SCu to underlying SST. Our arguments are supported by the very different response obtained with two CGCMs to an idealized reduction of solar radiation flux incident at the top of the atmosphere over the Southern Ocean. It is shown that local perturbation impacts are very similar in the two models but that SST reductions in the SCu regions of the southern subtropics are stronger in the model with the stronger SCu‐SST feedbacks.
Evolution of major sedimentary mounds on Mars: Buildup via anticompensational stacking modulated by climate change
Authors: Kite Edwin S. , Sneed Jonathan , Mayer David P. , Lewis Kevin W. , Michaels Timothy I. , Hore Alicia , Rafkin Scot C. R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe present a new database of >300 layer orientations from sedimentary mounds on Mars (Mount Sharp/Aeolis Mons, plus Nia, Juventae, Ophir, Ceti, Melas, Coprates, and Ganges Mensae). Together, these mounds make up ~ ½ of the total volume of canyon/crater‐hosted sedimentary mounds on Mars. The layer orientations, together with draped landslides, and draping of rocks over differentially eroded paleodomes, indicate that for the stratigraphically uppermost ~1 km, the mounds formed by the accretion of draping strata in a mound shape. The layer‐orientation data further suggest that layers lower down in the stratigraphy also formed by the accretion of draping strata in a mound shape. The data are consistent with terrain‐influenced wind erosion but inconsistent with tilting by flexure, differential compaction over basement, or viscoelastic rebound. We use a simple model of landscape evolution to show how the erosion and deposition of mound strata can be modulated by shifts in obliquity. The model is driven by multi‐Gyr calculations of Mars' chaotic obliquity and a parameterization of terrain‐influenced wind erosion that is derived from mesoscale modeling. The model predicts that Mars mound stratigraphy emerges from a drape‐and‐scrape cycle. Our results suggest that mound‐spanning unconformities with kilometers of relief emerge as the result of chaotic obliquity shifts. Our results support the interpretation that Mars' rocks record intermittent liquid‐water runoff during a ≫ 108 yr interval of sedimentary rock emplacement.
Misrepresentations and Flawed Logic About the Prevalence of False Memories
Authors: Nash Robert A. , Wade Kimberley A. , Garry Maryanne , Loftus Elizabeth F. , Ost James 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBrewin and Andrews (2016) propose that just 15% of people, or even fewer, are susceptible to false childhood memories. If this figure were true, then false memories would still be a serious problem. But the figure is higher than 15%. False memories occur even after a few short and low‐pressure interviews, and with each successive interview, they become richer, more compelling, and more likely to occur. It is therefore dangerously misleading to claim that the scientific data provide an “upper bound” on susceptibility to memory errors. We also raise concerns about the peer review process. © 2016 The Authors Applied Cognitive Psychology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Impromptu Decisions to Deceive
Authors: Walczyk Jeffrey J. , Tcholakian Talar , Newman Danielle N. , Duck Terri 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis research furthers understanding of the factors that induce individuals to choose deception. Its goals were to expand and test a recent account of the cognition of deception, Activation–Decision–Construction–Action Theory (ADCAT), in a mock job interview inviting impromptu deception. Decisions to lie are hypothesized to depend on the truth and other information activated from long‐term memory by the social context. Activated information then guides evaluation of the likely costs of truth telling and benefits of deception; 166 college students participated in the job interview, who learned about the position and then adopted the role of job applicants. Afterward, participants shared their thoughts when responding to five questions from the interview. The most important findings are that the negative expectations of sharing truths and the positive expectations of sharing deceptions each account for unique variance in deciding to lie. Implications for lie reduction and detection are considered. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
False Memories and Free Speech: Is Scientific Debate Being Suppressed?
Authors: Andrews Bernice , Brewin Chris R. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryCommentators have raised important points, including the relative contribution of false beliefs versus false memories and the issue of how findings in the laboratory can be generalized to the real world, which we have addressed here. However, some of the commentaries misrepresent what we said, make criticisms that are unfounded, or imply that our article should not have been published in Applied Cognitive Psychology. We relate these responses to a more general literature on the suppression of unwanted scientific findings and suggest that the study of false memory would be better served by more openness to alternative perspectives. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Applied Cognitive Psychology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Tandem Photocatalysis: An Efficient Synthesis of Multisubstituted Benzimidazoles by Visible‐Light‐Induced Intramolecular Cyclization and Deprotection
Authors: Hu Bei , Dong Wuheng , Feng Zhigang , Gao Xiaoshuang , Gao Huang , Xie Xiaomin , Zhang Zhaoguo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn unprecedented tandem photocatalysis protocol consists of two distinct photocatalytic cycles. This method allows for rapid and efficient construction of multisubstituted benzimidazole derivatives through an intramolecular cyclization and deprotection sequence from diamines under very mild conditions.
Direct Synthesis of Telechelic Polyethylene by Selective Insertion Polymerization
Authors: Jian Zhongbao , Falivene Laura , Boffa Giusi , Sánchez Sheila Ortega , Caporaso Lucia , Grassi Alfonso , Mecking Stefan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA single‐step route to telechelic polyethylene (PE) is enabled by selective insertion polymerization. PdII‐catalyzed copolymerization of ethylene and 2‐vinylfuran (VF) generates α,ω‐di‐furan telechelic polyethylene. Orthogonally reactive exclusively in‐chain anhydride groups are formed by terpolymerization with carbic anhydride. Combined experimental and theoretical DFT studies reveal the key for this direct approach to telechelics to be a match of the comonomers’ different electronics and bulk. Identified essential features of the comonomer are that it is an electron‐rich olefin that forms an insertion product stabilized by an additional interaction, namely a π–η3 interaction for the case of VF.
Defect Models of As‐Made High‐Silica Zeolites: Clusters of Hydrogen‐Bonds and Their Interaction with the Organic Structure‐Directing Agents Determined from 1H Double and Triple Quantum NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Brunklaus Gunther , Koller Hubert , Zones Stacey I. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInternal defect SiOH and SiO− groups evolve during the structure formation of high‐Si zeolites in the presence of a cationic organic structure‐directing agent (SDA). These negatively charged defects do not completely disappear upon calcination. Herein we investigate the clustering of defect groups and their location within the pore walls of four zeolites. ZSM‐12, ZSM‐5, and SSZ‐74 have three clustered SiOH groups which are hydrogen‐bonded to SiO−, whereas SSZ‐24 has only two. These defects interact with the structure‐directing quaternary ammonium ions preferably close to the charge center, unless steric shielding is present. The framework topologies of ZSM‐12, ZSM‐5, and SSZ‐24 have connected six‐rings where the organics interact with the defects. It is suggested that these six‐ring patterns form connectivity defects. SSZ‐74 is unique, it does not contain an extended six‐ring motif, so vacancy defects form instead.
Strong Evidence of a Phosphanoxyl Complex: Formation, Bonding, and Reactivity of Ligated Phosphorus Analogues of Nitroxides
Authors: Heurich Tobias , Nesterov Vitaly , Schnakenburg Gregor , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Grimme Stefan , Hazin Khatera , Gates Derek P. , Engeser Marianne , Streubel Rainer 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFacile access to [W(CO)5(Ph2P‐OTEMP)] is used to initiate a study on the generation, properties, and reactions of transient phosphanoxyl complexes [MLn(R2PO)], the first example of which could be trapped via heterocoupling with the trityl radical. It is also demonstrated that the phosphorus nitroxyl complex acts as radical initiator in the polymerization of styrene. The quest for P−O versus O−N bond homolysis, as well as the initial steps of the polymerization were studied by DFT methods.