bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering de novo disulfide bond in bacterial α-type carbonic anhydrase for thermostable carbon sequestration
Authors: Jo Byung Hoon , Park Tae Yoon , Park Hyun June , Yeon Young Joo , Yoo Young Je , Cha Hyung Joon 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExploiting carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme that rapidly catalyzes carbon dioxide hydration, is an attractive biomimetic route for carbon sequestration due to its environmental compatibility and potential economic viability. However, the industrial applications of CA are strongly hampered by the unstable nature of enzymes. In this work, we introduced in silico designed, de novo disulfide bond in a bacterial α-type CA to enhance thermostability. Three variants were selected and expressed in Escherichia coli with an additional disulfide bridge. One of the variants showed great enhancement in terms of both kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities. This improvement could be attributed to the loss of conformational entropy of the unfolded state, showing increased rigidity. The variant showed an upward-shifted optimal temperature and appeared to be thermoactivated, which compensated for the lowered activity at 25 °C. Collectively, the variant constructed by the rapid and effective de novo disulfide engineering can be used as an efficient biocatalyst for carbon sequestration under high temperature conditions.
Citrate Accumulation-Related Gene Expression and/or Enzyme Activity Analysis Combined With Metabolomics Provide a Novel Insight for an Orange Mutant
Authors: Guo Ling-Xia , Shi Cai-Yun , Liu Xiao , Ning Dong-Yuan , Jing Long-Fei , Yang Huan , Liu Yong-Zhong 
Published: July 2016

Abstract‘Hong Anliu’ (HAL, Citrus sinensis cv. Hong Anliu) is a bud mutant of ‘Anliu’ (AL), characterized by a comprehensive metabolite alteration, such as lower accumulation of citrate, high accumulation of lycopene and soluble sugars in fruit juice sacs. Due to carboxylic acid metabolism connects other metabolite biosynthesis and/or catabolism networks, we therefore focused analyzing citrate accumulation-related gene expression profiles and/or enzyme activities, along with metabolic fingerprinting between ‘HAL’ and ‘AL’. Compared with ‘AL’, the transcript levels of citrate biosynthesis- and utilization-related genes and/or the activities of their respective enzymes such as citrate synthase, cytosol aconitase and ATP-citrate lyase were significantly higher in ‘HAL’. Nevertheless, the mitochondrial aconitase activity, the gene transcript levels of proton pumps, including vacuolar H+-ATPase, vacuolar H+-PPase, and the juice sac-predominant p-type proton pump gene (CsPH8) were significantly lower in ‘HAL’. These results implied that ‘HAL’ has higher abilities for citrate biosynthesis and utilization, but lower ability for the citrate uptake into vacuole compared with ‘AL’. Combined with the metabolites-analyzing results, a model was then established and suggested that the reduction in proton pump activity is the key factor for the low citrate accumulation and the comprehensive metabolite alterations as well in ‘HAL’.
Molecular evolution of the capsid gene in human norovirus genogroup II
Authors: Kobayashi Miho , Matsushima Yuki , Motoya Takumi , Sakon Naomi , Shigemoto Naoki , Okamoto-Nakagawa Reiko , Nishimura Koichi , Yamashita Yasutaka , Kuroda Makoto , Saruki Nobuhiro , Ryo Akihide , Saraya Takeshi , Morita Yukio , Shirabe Komei , Ishikawa Mariko , Takahashi Tomoko , Shinomiya Hiroto , Okabe Nobuhiko , Nagasawa Koo , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Katayama Kazuhiko , Kimura Hirokazu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCapsid protein of norovirus genogroup II (GII) plays crucial roles in host infection. Although studies on capsid gene evolution have been conducted for a few genotypes of norovirus, the molecular evolution of norovirus GII is not well understood. Here we report the molecular evolution of all GII genotypes, using various bioinformatics techniques. The time-scaled phylogenetic tree showed that the present GII strains diverged from GIV around 1630CE at a high evolutionary rate (around 10−3 substitutions/site/year), resulting in three lineages. The GII capsid gene had large pairwise distances (maximum > 0.39). The effective population sizes of the present GII strains were large (>102) for about 400 years. Positive (20) and negative (over 450) selection sites were estimated. Moreover, some linear and conformational B-cell epitopes were found in the deduced GII capsid protein. These results suggested that norovirus GII strains rapidly evolved with high divergence and adaptation to humans.
HCV RNA Activates APCs via TLR7/TLR8 While Virus Selectively Stimulates Macrophages Without Inducing Antiviral Responses
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , El-Far Mohamed , Dupuy Franck P. , Abdel-Hakeem Mohamed S. , He Zhong , Procopio Francesco Andrea , Shi Yu , Haddad Elias K. , Ancuta Petronela , Sekaly Rafick-Pierre , Said Elias A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe innate and adaptive immune systems fail to control HCV infection in the majority of infected individuals. HCV is an ssRNA virus, which suggests a role for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8 in initiating the anti-viral response. Here we demonstrate that HCV genomic RNA harbours specific sequences that initiate an anti-HCV immune response through TLR7 and TLR8 in various antigen presenting cells. Conversely, HCV particles are detected by macrophages, but not by monocytes and DCs, through a TLR7/8 dependent mechanism; this leads to chloroquine sensitive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, while the antiviral type I Interferon response is not triggered in these cells. Antibodies to DC-SIGN, a c-type lectin selectively expressed by macrophages but not pDCs or mDCs, block the production of cytokines. Novel anti-HCV vaccination strategies should target the induction of TLR7/8 stimulation in APCs in order to establish potent immune responses against HCV.
Real and hypothetical monetary rewards modulate risk taking in the brain
Authors: Xu Sihua , Pan Yu , Wang You , Spaeth Andrea M. , Qu Zhe , Rao Hengyi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBoth real and hypothetical monetary rewards are widely used as reinforcers in risk taking and decision making studies. However, whether real and hypothetical monetary rewards modulate risk taking and decision making in the same manner remains controversial. In this study, we used event-related potentials (ERP) with a balloon analogue risk task (BART) paradigm to examine the effects of real and hypothetical monetary rewards on risk taking in the brain. Behavioral data showed reduced risk taking after negative feedback (money loss) during the BART with real rewards compared to those with hypothetical rewards, suggesting increased loss aversion with real monetary rewards. The ERP data demonstrated a larger feedback-related negativity (FRN) in response to money loss during risk taking with real rewards compared to those with hypothetical rewards, which may reflect greater prediction error or regret emotion after real monetary losses. These findings demonstrate differential effects of real versus hypothetical monetary rewards on risk taking behavior and brain activity, suggesting a caution when drawing conclusions about real choices from hypothetical studies of intended behavior, especially when large rewards are used. The results have implications for future utility of real and hypothetical monetary rewards in studies of risk taking and decision making.
Contribution and Performance of Stocked Walleyes in the Recovery of the Red Lakes, Minnesota, Fishery
Authors: Logsdon Dale E. , Anderson Charles S. , Miller Loren M. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Oxytetracycline (OTC) marking and genetic assignment techniques were used to evaluate the contribution and performance of Walleye Sander vitreus fry stocked to accelerate the recovery of a recruitment-overfished population in the Red Lakes, Minnesota. Three stockings of OTC-marked fry from an egg source on the Pike River were conducted at densities of 274 to 358 fry/ha to expedite the recovery of the spawning stock in which the adult female biomass had fallen below 0.5 kg/ha for 10 consecutive years. Two additional stockings of OTC-marked fry from an egg source on a Red Lakes tributary were then conducted at 33 and 87 fry/ha to help quantify natural reproduction as the spawning stock recovered. Subsequent inspection of fish from seine and gill-net samples indicated that Pike River fish composed 50% to 94 % of the stocked year-classes and that the stocked year-classes were three of the strongest in the past 25 years. The Pike River fish survived, grew, and matured at rates similar to the native fish, contributing to an increase in adult female biomass ranging from 2.5 to 8.0 kg/ha. Natural reproduction also increased from a range of 8–120 fry/ha to a range of 199–908 fry/ha, with 49% to 53% Pike River ancestry. For the first 2 years after maturation of the first stocked year-class, however, Pike River ancestry was 13–31 percentage points below what was expected from the relative abundance of Pike River adults in the population. The proportion of Pike River adults present on the tributary spawning runs was also initially below expectations. Both spawning participation and success of Pike River adults increased in successive years, and the stocked fry were judged to have accelerated the recovery of the population to a sustainable and fishable status without the need for additional stocking.
Received October 20, 2015; accepted March 9, 2016 Published online July 7, 2016
New drugs in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas
Authors: Scarisbrick Julia J. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
Currently, there are no curative therapies for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), and consecutive treatments tend to be given until loss of response. There is an urgent need for new and improved therapies in CTCL to treat symptoms such as pruritus and painful skin lesions and prolong survival. This article reviews new drugs available for CTCL.

Recent findings
CTCL encompasses a group of T-cell neoplasms presenting in the skin without systemic involvement. Mycosis fungoides being the most common type and Sézary syndrome the leukaemic form. Treatment is dependent on stage and responses to previous therapy. Treatments are broadly divided into skin-directed therapies which are first-line for early stage disease and systemic therapy reserved for refractory or advanced stage CTCL. This article reviews mode of action, responses and adverse effects of new drugs being considered for CTCL.

Summary
Most drugs for CTCL have response rates between 30 and 40%, and response durations tend to be less than a year. As such new studies looking at drug combinations or as maintenance therapy in those with a response to previous therapy should be trialled and may offer improved quality of life and outcome in CTCL.
New mAb therapies in multiple myeloma: interference with blood transfusion compatibility testing
Authors: De Vooght Karen M.K. , Oostendorp Marlies , van Solinge Wouter W. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
Immunotherapeutic strategies are emerging as novel therapeutic approaches in multiple myeloma, with several mAbs being in advanced stages of clinical development. Of these, CD38 targeting antibodies appear very promising. In trials with anti-CD38 mAb daratumumab, all patients demonstrated panreactivity in red blood cell (RBC) panel testing, complicating the selection of compatible RBCs for transfusion. This review provides an overview of the interferences and solutions to safely transfuse these patients.

Recent findings
CD38 is weakly expressed on human erythrocytes. Since the first reports on the interference, different solutions have been reported, including the neutralization of anti-CD38 mAbs in plasma by sCD38 or antiidiotype antibodies, CD38 depletion of RBCs using dithiothreitol or cord blood test cells, and transfusion of extensively typed RBCs.

Summary
All methods have (dis)advantages, and it depends on the facilities of the immunohematology laboratory what strategy to choose. As the selection of suitable RBC units can be seriously delayed, hospitals should have protocols to communicate this interference with patients, laboratories, and physicians in a timely manner. As CD38 antibodies may also have a role in the treatment of diseases beyond hematological malignancies, chances are high that health professionals will encounter this issue in the nearby future.
Impact of Lens Care Solutions on Protein Deposition on Soft Contact Lenses
Authors: Babaei Omali Negar , Heynen Miriam , Subbaraman Lakshman N. , Papinski Dominik , Lakkis Carol , Smith Sarah L. , Morgan Philip B. , Berntsen David A. , Nichols Jason J. , Jones Lyndon W. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To evaluate the effect of four contemporary lens care solutions on total protein, total lysozyme, and active lysozyme extracted from three contact lens materials.

Methods
Adapted contact lens wearers were recruited at three sites, and all subjects were randomly assigned to daily wear of either etafilcon A, galyfilcon A, or senofilcon A for 2 weeks. Four lens care solutions (Biotrue, OPTI-FREE PureMoist, RevitaLens OcuTec, and ClearCare) were used by each subject in random order with a new pair of lenses after a washout period between solutions of at least 4 days. After 2 weeks of daily wear, contact lenses were collected for analysis. Proteins were extracted from a subset of contact lenses (n = 568) and total protein, total lysozyme, and lysozyme activity were quantified using a modified Bradford assay, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a micrococcal assay, respectively.

Results
Higher levels of total protein were extracted from etafilcon A when used with Biotrue compared to other solutions (p = 0.0001). There were higher levels of total lysozyme extracted from galyfilcon A lenses when used with PureMoist than with Biotrue or ClearCare (p < 0.006). Higher total lysozyme was extracted from senofilcon A when used with RevitaLens OcuTec compared to Biotrue (p = 0.002). Lower lysozyme activity was recovered from senofilcon A lenses with RevitaLens OcuTec when compared to all other care solutions (all p < 0.004). When Biotrue, PureMoist, or RevitaLens OcuTec were used, higher total lysozyme was extracted from galyfilcon A compared to senofilcon A (p < 0.01). When RevitaLens OcuTec was used, higher levels of active lysozyme were extracted from galyfilcon A compared to senofilcon A (p = 0.02).

Conclusions
The ability of lens care solutions to remove protein from lenses varies depending upon the care solution composition and also the polymeric make-up of the contact lens material.
Understanding and Overcoming Implicit Gender Bias in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Phillips Nicole A. , Tannan Shruti C. , Kalliainen Loree K. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Although explicit sex-based discrimination has largely been deemed unacceptable in professional settings, implicit gender bias persists and results in a significant lack of parity in plastic surgery and beyond. Implicit gender bias is the result of a complex interplay of cultural and societal expectations, learned behaviors, and standardized associations. As such, both male and female surgeons are subject to its influence.

Methods:
A review of the literature was conducted, examining theories of gender bias, current manifestations of gender bias in plastic surgery and other fields, and interventions designed to address gender bias.

Results:
Multiple studies demonstrate persistent gender bias that impacts female physicians at all levels of training. Several institutions have enacted successful interventions to identify and address gender bias.

Conclusions:
Explicit gender bias has largely disappeared, yet unconscious or implicit gender bias persists. A wide-scale commitment to addressing implicit gender bias in plastic surgery is necessary and overdue. Recommendations include immediate actions that can be undertaken on an individual basis, and changes that should be implemented at a national and international level by leaders in the field.
Extrinsic repair of injured dendrites as a paradigm for regeneration by fusion
Authors: Oren-Suissa Meital , Gattegno Tamar , Kravtsov Veronika , Podbilewicz Benjamin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInjury triggers regeneration of axons and dendrites. Research identified factors required for axonal regeneration outside the CNS, but little is known about regeneration triggered by dendrotomy. Here we study neuronal plasticity triggered by dendrotomy and determine the fate of complex PVD arbors following laser surgery of dendrites. We find that severed primary dendrites grow towards each other and reconnect via branch fusion. Simultaneously, terminal branches lose self-avoidance and grow towards each other, meeting and fusing at the tips via an AFF-1-mediated process. Ectopic branch growth is identified as a step in the regeneration process required for bypassing the lesion site. Failure of reconnection to the severed dendrites results in degeneration of the distal end of the neuron. We discover pruning of excess branches via EFF-1 that acts to recover the original wild-type arborization pattern in a cell-autonomous process. In contrast, AFF-1 activity during dendritic auto-fusion is derived from the lateral seam cells and not autonomously from the PVD neuron. We propose a model in which AFF-1-vesicles derived from the epidermal seam cells fuse neuronal dendrites from without. Thus, EFF-1 and AFF-1 fusion proteins emerge as new players in neuronal arborization and maintenance of arbor connectivity following injury inC. elegans. Our results demonstrate that there is a genetically determined multi-step pathway to repair broken dendrites in which EFF-1 and AFF-1 act on different steps of the pathway. Intrinsic EFF-1 is essential for dendritic pruning after injury and extrinsic AFF-1 mediates dendrite fusion to bypass injuries.Author summaryNeurons in the central nervous system have very limited regenerative ability, they fail to remodel following amputation and only in some invertebrates, axons can repair themselves by fusion. Some genetic pathways have been identified for axonal regeneration but few studies exist on dendrite regeneration following injury. To determine how neurons regenerate dendrites following injury we study theC. elegansPVD polymodal neurons that display an arborized pattern of repetitive menorah-like structures. We injure dendrites by laser microsurgery, follow their fate and show that broken primary dendrites often regenerate via fusion. We describe how PVD dendrites regenerate and present roles for EFF-1 and AFF-1 proteins in fusion and remodeling of menorahs. Menorahs lose self-avoidance and AFF-1 fuses them, bypassing the injury site. Branch sprouting, EFF-1-mediated pruning, and arbor simplification completes regeneration. When auto-fusion fails the distal arbor degenerates. Surprisingly, AFF-1 acts non-cell autonomously to mediate dendrite fusion. We propose that extracellular vesicles derived from the lateral epidermis fuse severed dendrites in a process reminiscent of enveloped virus-mediated cell fusion without infection.
In Planta Single-Molecule Pull-Down Reveals Tetrameric Stoichiometry of HD-ZIPIII:LITTLE ZIPPER Complexes
Authors: Husbands Aman Y. , Aggarwal Vasudha , Ha Taekjip , Timmermans Marja C.P. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Deciphering complex biological processes markedly benefits from approaches that directly assess the underlying biomolecular interactions. Most commonly used approaches to monitor protein-protein interactions typically provide nonquantitative readouts that lack statistical power and do not yield information on the heterogeneity or stoichiometry of protein complexes. Single-molecule pull-down (SiMPull) uses single-molecule fluorescence detection to mitigate these disadvantages and can quantitatively interrogate interactions between proteins and other compounds, such as nucleic acids, small molecule ligands, and lipids. Here, we establish SiMPull in plants using the HOMEODOMAIN LEUCINE ZIPPER III (HD-ZIPIII) and LITTLE ZIPPER (ZPR) interaction as proof-of-principle. Colocalization analysis of fluorophore-tagged HD-ZIPIII and ZPR proteins provides strong statistical evidence of complex formation. In addition, we use SiMPull to directly quantify YFP and mCherry maturation probabilities, showing these differ substantially from values obtained in mammalian systems. Leveraging these probabilities, in conjunction with fluorophore photobleaching assays on over 2000 individual complexes, we determined HD-ZIPIII:ZPR stoichiometry. Intriguingly, these complexes appear as heterotetramers, comprising two HD-ZIPIII and two ZPR molecules, rather than heterodimers as described in the current model. This surprising result raises new questions about the regulation of these key developmental factors and is illustrative of the unique contribution SiMPull is poised to make to in planta protein interaction studies.
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill and factors associated with depressive symptoms among residents of the Mississippi Gulf Coast
Authors: Lee Joohee , Rehner Tim , Choi Hwanseok , Bougere Alan , Osowski Tom 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of the paper is to extend prior research on the psychological effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster by developing and testing a conceptual model in which exposure to the oil spill through clean-up activity, physical symptoms, worry about the impact of the oil spill on health, and the disruption of the gulf/ocean-related lifestyle were hypothesized as predictors of depressive symptoms.Design/methodology/approach– The analysis included a randomly selected sample of 354 subjects from the three most Southern Mississippi counties. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to measure depressive symptoms.Findings– Results indicated that physical symptoms since the oil spill were related to depressive symptoms directly and indirectly through worry about the impact of the oil spill on health and the disruption of the gulf/ocean-related lifestyle. Worry about the impact of the oil spill on health was related to depressive symptoms directly and indirectly through the disruption of the gulf/ocean-related lifestyle.Originality/value– Study results highlight that uncertainty and worry about the impact of the disaster played a critical role in understanding the psychological effects of the oil spill disaster, especially among coastal residents whose lifestyles were bound up with the gulf/ocean.
Information processing of audiences exposed to public service advertising messages for Special Olympics
Authors: Park Meungguk , Turner Brian A. , Pastore Donna L. , Chitiyo Morgan , Yoh Taeho 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the cognitive processes that the study subjects experienced when exposed to different types of public service advertisements about Special Olympics.

Design/methodology/approach
– A total of 529 cognitive responses from 141 college students were analyzed using the content analysis method.

Findings
– The results of the frequency count of cognitive responses indicated that low-empathy (LE) subjects engaged in extensive cognitive efforts to process the information as much as high-empathy (HE) subjects. Additionally, the content analysis of the qualitative data showed that the two most frequently cited categories of positive thoughts for HE subjects were good cause/importance of Special Olympics and positive feeling related to volunteering for Special Olympics. For LE subjects, the most frequently identified category in positive thoughts was altruist/moral responsibility, followed by volunteer intention and positive feeling related to volunteering for Special Olympics.

Originality/value
– The paper provides valuable information on cognitive responses to public service advertising messages.