bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Going beyond Climate Neutral Cities: Evidence from a Positive Energy District in the Stuttgart Region
Authors: Beatrice Andreucci Maria , Delli Paoli Marco , Kádár József 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To successfully develops Positive Energy Districts (PEDs), it is essential to increase citizen awareness and encourage their engagement. Without acceptance and active participation from the citizens, they might not benefit from the technologies and inclusive business models that PEDs offer to foster energy efficiency, productivity, and flexibility. This contribution provides new evidence about the importance of prioritising citizens’ needs when developing PEDs, describing key findings from a case study recently conducted by the authors, in Nürtingen, in the Stuttgart Metropolitan Region, Germany. The research used urban building energy modeling tools, analyzed on-going projects of the city administration, and directly engaged with citizens by different research methods such as d go-along interviewing, SWOT analysis, and the promotion of best practices. The analysis and conclusions on working on the municipality project “Bahnstadt” were checked against the understanding of a “human-centred” PED. Five action areas were considered: energy efficiency, production and flexibility, carbon footprint, water management, and capital expenditures. This action research, part of the EU-funded project TELOS (2020-2024), aimed to provide recommendations to improve the quality of life of the community and enhancing citizen participation in planning and implementation processes, and towards the ambitious European climate neutrality goals.
Urban Digital Twins as socio-technical infrastructures for city regeneration and decarbonization
Authors: Roversi Rossella 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The awareness of the huge carbon footprint and the related targets aimed at reducing it, require cities to be supported in their climate neutral transition. Urban Digital Twins (UDTs) have emerged as cutting-edge technologies to address urban complexity and to exploit the massive amount of machine-readable data produced by the city physical and non-physical systems. At the centre of the recent debate and scientific research, UDTs are addressed in a rapidly growing literature, pilot projects, proof-of-concepts and applications to several contexts. Studies and prototypes are leading the maturity development of UDT to gradually improve, contributing to gaining consensus among key stakeholders and urban decision makers, but the state of the art has not proved how exactly its potential benefits will be pursued and sustained. In this evolving scenario, the paper objective is the analysis of a literature review and a case studies selection, to identify the current use of the UDT as enabling tool in the comprehensive and joint framework of urban regeneration and decarbonization, addressing, in particular, the under-researched and poorly conceptualized integration of socio-economic-cultural systems.
Introduction
Authors: Kivivuori Janne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the research questions of the book, the operative definition of criminology, and the historical context of its emergence. Criminology is defined as the study of crime and its control is based on large-scale and systematically collected data designed for research. Thus defined, the rise of criminology took place during the post-Napoleonic restoration age, between 1815 and the mid-1830s. The process culminated in and after the publication of the first modern crime report based on administrative statistics, the Compte général de l’administration de la justice criminelle en France (1827). The chapter describes the larger setting of the periodization by dividing the history of criminology into three eras defined by changes in data and instruments: the first criminology based on crime statistics, the second criminology based on measurement of individuals, and the third criminology based on crime surveys. Prior research, the sources, and key interpretive frames are discussed.
From piecemeal reform to incremental research
Authors: Kivivuori Janne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how the English scholarly circles responded to the continental rise of the first field of criminology. The continental model of statistical crime research triggered similar activities from the mid-1830s under the auspices of the London Statistical Society. Before that, the English development of crime returns, and their policy use by criminal law reformers, had already impacted the first generation of European crime researchers. The chapter discusses whether the English prehistory of crime returns can be seen as a ‘prequel’ to what happened on the continent from 1827. The decentred nature of crime statistical developments in England is contrasted with the central–bureaucratical path taken on the continent.
Benefits of an automated postoperative delirium risk prediction tool combined with non-pharmacological delirium prevention on delirium incidence and length of stay: a before–after analysis based on a quality improvement project
Authors: Dodsworth Benjamin T , Reeve Kelly A , Zozman Martin , Meier Philipp , Buddeberg Felix , Möller Marius , Wildhaber Simone Pascale , Kedda Mary-Anne , Böttger Sönke , Stocker Reto , Gelsomino Nayeli Schmutz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Postoperative delirium (POD) significantly impacts older surgical patients, necessitating effective prevention strategies.

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of the Pre-Interventional Preventive Risk Assessment (PIPRA) automated delirium risk prediction tool alongside non-pharmacological prevention strategies on POD incidence, hospital length of stay (LOS) and nursing time.

Methods
This quality improvement project, set in a 335-bed Swiss private hospital, employed a before–after design to evaluate the impact of PIPRA and preventive measures on POD, LOS and nursing time in non-cardiac and non-intracranial surgery inpatients aged 60 or older. The control phase focused on enhancing POD screening, whilst the intervention phase incorporated PIPRA for risk assessment and staff training to enable targeted non-pharmacological prevention in patients at risk.

Results
A total of 866 patients were included; 299 control and 567 intervention. The odds ratio of POD, comparing the intervention group to the control, was 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44–1.16] when adjusting for baseline patient characteristics. The intervention was associated with an LOS 0.94 (95% CI 0.85–1.05) and nursing time 0.96 (95% CI 0.86–1.07) times that of the control, adjusted for baseline patient characteristics. Medium risk patients (21.6% of patients) had an LOS 0.74 (95% CI 0.59–0.92) and required nursing time 0.79 (95% CI from 0.62–1.00) times the control, adjusted for baseline patient characteristics, equivalent to an LOS reduction of 1.36 days and nursing time saving of 19.3 hours per patient.

Conclusions
Medium risk patients in the intervention group had shorter LOS and nursing time compared to the control group, underscoring the importance of targeted prevention.
Blood Pressure on Ambulatory Monitoring and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: Ecological Validity or Measurement Reliability?
Authors: Tanner Rikki M , Jaeger Byron C , Bradley Corey K , Thomas S Justin , Min Yuan-I , Hardy Shakia T , Irvin Marguerite Ryan , Shimbo Daichi , Schwartz Joseph E , Muntner Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is stronger for mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) estimated using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) vs. office measurements. Determining whether this is due to ABPM providing more measurement reliability or greater ecological validity can inform its use.

METHODS
We estimated the association of mean SBP based on 2 office measurements and 2, 5, 10, and 20 measurements on ABPM with incident CVD in the Jackson Heart Study (n = 773). Hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD were estimated per standard deviation higher mean SBP. CVD events were defined by incident fatal or non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or fatal coronary heart disease.

RESULTS
There were 80 CVD events over a median of 15 years. The adjusted HRs for incident CVD were 1.03 (95% CI: 0.90–1.19) for mean office SBP and 1.30 (95% CI: 1.12–1.50), 1.34 (95% CI: 1.15–1.56), 1.36 (95% CI: 1.17–1.59), and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.17–1.63) for mean SBP using the first 2, 5, 10, and 20 ABPM readings. The difference in the HRs for incident CVD ranged from 0.26 (95% CI: 0.07–0.46) to 0.35 (95% CI: 0.15–0.54) when comparing mean office SBP vs. 2, 5, 10, or 20 sequential ABPM readings. The association with incident CVD was also stronger for mean SBP based on 2, 5, 10, and 20 randomly selected ABPM readings vs. 2 office readings.

CONCLUSIONS
Mean SBP based on 2 ABPM readings vs. 2 office measurements had a stronger association with CVD events. The increase in the strength of the association with more ABPM readings was small.
Pioneering bioinformatics with agent-based modelling: an innovative protocol to accurately forecast skin or respiratory allergic reactions to chemical sensitizers
Authors: Russo Giulia , Crispino Elena , Casati Silvia , Corsini Emanuela , Worth Andrew , Pappalardo Francesco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The assessment of the allergenic potential of chemicals, crucial for ensuring public health safety, faces challenges in accuracy and raises ethical concerns due to reliance on animal testing. This paper presents a novel bioinformatic protocol designed to address the critical challenge of predicting immune responses to chemical sensitizers without the use of animal testing. The core innovation lies in the integration of advanced bioinformatics tools, including the Universal Immune System Simulator (UISS), which models detailed immune system dynamics. By leveraging data from structural predictions and docking simulations, our approach provides a more accurate and ethical method for chemical safety evaluations, especially in distinguishing between skin and respiratory sensitizers. Our approach integrates a comprehensive eight-step process, beginning with the meticulous collection of chemical and protein data from databases like PubChem and the Protein Data Bank. Following data acquisition, structural predictions are performed using cutting-edge tools such as AlphaFold to model proteins whose structures have not been previously elucidated. This structural information is then utilized in subsequent docking simulations, leveraging both ligand–protein and protein–protein interactions to predict how chemical compounds may trigger immune responses. The core novelty of our method lies in the application of UISS—an advanced agent-based modelling system that simulates detailed immune system dynamics. By inputting the results from earlier stages, including docking scores and potential epitope identifications, UISS meticulously forecasts the type and severity of immune responses, distinguishing between Th1-mediated skin and Th2-mediated respiratory allergic reactions. This ability to predict distinct immune pathways is a crucial advance over current methods, which often cannot differentiate between the sensitization mechanisms. To validate the accuracy and robustness of our approach, we applied the protocol to well-known sensitizers: 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene for skin allergies and trimellitic anhydride for respiratory allergies. The results clearly demonstrate the protocol’s ability to differentiate between these distinct immune responses, underscoring its potential for replacing traditional animal-based testing methods. The results not only support the potential of our method to replace animal testing in chemical safety assessments but also highlight its role in enhancing the understanding of chemical-induced immune reactions. Through this innovative integration of computational biology and immunological modelling, our protocol offers a transformative approach to toxicological evaluations, increasing the reliability of safety assessments.
Semiparametric sensitivity analysis: unmeasured confounding in observational studies
Authors: Nabi Razieh , Bonvini Matteo , Kennedy Edward H , Huang Ming-Yueh , Smid Marcela , Scharfstein Daniel O 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Establishing cause–effect relationships from observational data often relies on untestable assumptions. It is crucial to know whether, and to what extent, the conclusions drawn from non-experimental studies are robust to potential unmeasured confounding. In this paper, we focus on the average causal effect (ACE) as our target of inference. We generalize the sensitivity analysis approach developed by Robins et al., Franks et al., and Zhou and Yao. We use semiparametric theory to derive the non-parametric efficient influence function of the ACE, for fixed sensitivity parameters. We use this influence function to construct a one-step, split sample, truncated estimator of the ACE. Our estimator depends on semiparametric models for the distribution of the observed data; importantly, these models do not impose any restrictions on the values of sensitivity analysis parameters. We establish sufficient conditions ensuring that our estimator has $\sqrt{n}$ asymptotics. We use our methodology to evaluate the causal effect of smoking during pregnancy on birth weight. We also evaluate the performance of estimation procedure in a simulation study.
Framing challenges and polarized issues in invasion science: toward an interdisciplinary agenda
Authors: Guareschi Simone , Mathers Kate L , South Josie , Navarro Laetitia M , Renals Trevor , Hiley Alice , Antonsich Marco , Bolpagni Rossano , Bortolus Alejandro , Genovesi Piero , Jere Arthertone , Madzivanzira Takudzwa C , Phaka Fortunate M , Novoa Ana , Olden Julian D , Saccó Mattia , Shackleton Ross T , Vilà Montserrat , Wood Paul J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In a hyperconnected world, framing and managing biological invasions poses complex and contentious challenges, affecting socioeconomic and environmental sectors. This complexity distinguishes the field and fuels polarized debates. In the present article, we synthesize four contentious issues in invasion science that are rarely addressed together: vocabulary usage, the potential benefits of nonnative species, perceptions shifting because of global change, and rewilding practices and biological invasions. Researchers have predominantly focused on single issues; few have addressed multiple components of the debate within or across disciplinary boundaries. Ignoring the interconnected nature of these issues risks overlooking crucial cross-links. We advocate for interdisciplinary approaches that better integrate social and natural sciences. Although they are challenging, interdisciplinary collaborations offer hope to overcome polarization issues in invasion science. These may bridge disagreements, facilitate knowledge exchange, and reshape invasion science narratives. Finally, we present a contemporary agenda to advance future research, management, and constructive dialogue.
Iliac vein obstruction: accuracy of direct multidetector computed tomographic venography and duplex ultrasound
Authors: Abdalla Ahmed Shimaa , Elbadawy Ahmed , Khalaf Lamiaa M R , Samy Marwa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the accuracy of direct computed tomographic venography (DCTV) and duplex ultrasound (DUS) in the identification of iliac vein obstruction in highly symptomatic patients with severe chronic venous disease (CVD) compared with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

Methods
This study involved patients who had advanced CVD (CEAP C3-6). All patients underwent DCTV, venous duplex scanning, and IVUS. The presence of iliac vein obstruction was detected, and degree of obstruction was classified into three grades (grade I, 0%-49%; grade II, 50%-79%; and grade III, 80% or greater). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were calculated for each modality compared with IVUS. Inter-observer agreement was assessed using the κ coefficient

Results
Of the 94 patients with CVD, IVUS identified iliac vein obstruction in 55 (58.5%) patients (25.5% was grade 1, 27.3% was grade 2, 47.3% was grade 3). The sensitivity, specificity of DCTV in diagnosing obstruction were 96%, 95% in grade 1; 100%, 100% grade 2; 100%, 100% in grade 3, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity of DUS were 63.9%, 65% in grade 1; 68%, 82% in grade 2, and 70%, 85% in grade 3, respectively. The overall agreement of DUS was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.70-0.79), and DCTV was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.91-0.97).

Conclusions
DUS is a reasonable initial imaging modality for the identification of significant iliac vein obstruction. DCTV provides an accurate reproducible imaging for accurate estimation needed for treatment planning.

Advances in knowledge
DCTV provides accurate reproducible radiological information required for treatment planning of patients with iliac vein obstruction including accurate assessment of site of obstruction, its morphology, and degree of obstruction and it can replace the use of indirect CT venography using smaller amount of contrast media with accurate diagnosis.
Chemotherapy switch for localized pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dekker Esther N , Narayan Raja R , Ahmami Mohamed A , Meddouch Anis , Verkolf Eva M M , Gehrels Anne M , Besselink Marc G H , van Eijck Casper H J , Homs Marjolein Y V , Mostert Bianca , O’Kane Grainne M , de Wilde Roeland F , Wilmink Johanna W , O’Reilly Eileen M , Qadan Motaz , Groot Koerkamp Bas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with localized (that is non-metastatic) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with an inadequate response or toxicity to first-line chemotherapy may benefit from chemotherapy switch. The aim was to explore the available data on the use and effect of chemotherapy switch, as reported in the literature.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted in Embase, MEDLINE (Ovid), the Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar on 1 December 2023. The main outcomes were the proportion of patients who underwent chemotherapy switch and the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 response and resection, R0 resection, and ypN0 resection rates after chemotherapy switch. Data were pooled using a random-effects model.

Results
A total of five retrospective studies, representing 863 patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, were included and 226 of the 863 patients underwent chemotherapy switch. In four studies, first-line chemotherapy consisted of 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin/irinotecan with oxaliplatin (‘FOLFIRINOX’) and patients were switched to gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel. Reasons for chemotherapy switch included an inadequate biochemical, clinical, or radiological response, or toxicity. Three studies compared patients who underwent chemotherapy switch with patients who only received first-line chemotherapy and found that the proportion of patients who underwent chemotherapy switch was 20.5% (95% c.i. 10.5% to 36.3%). The pooled resection rate after chemotherapy switch was 42.0% (95% c.i. 16.6% to 72.5%). Two studies compared the chance of resection after chemotherapy switch versus first-line chemotherapy alone and found a risk ratio of 0.88 (95% c.i. 0.65 to 1.18). Two studies, with a combined total of 576 patients, found similar postoperative survival for patients who underwent chemotherapy switch and patients who only received first-line chemotherapy.

Conclusion
One in five patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma underwent chemotherapy switch after an inadequate response or toxicity to first-line chemotherapy. The pooled resection rate after chemotherapy switch was 42% and similar in overall survival compared with first-line chemotherapy only. Three ongoing trials are investigating chemotherapy switch in patients with an inadequate radiological or carbohydrate antigen 19-9 response.
Schizophrenia-associated changes in neuronal subpopulations in the human midbrain
Authors: Alsema Astrid M , Puvogel Sophie , Kracht Laura , Webster Marree J , Shannon Weickert Cynthia , Eggen Bart J L , Sommer Iris E C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Dysfunctional GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons are thought to exist in the ventral midbrain of patients with schizophrenia, yet transcriptional changes underpinning these abnormalities have not yet been localized to specific neuronal subsets. In the ventral midbrain, control over dopaminergic activity is maintained by both excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) input neurons. To further elucidate neuron pathology at the single-cell level, we characterized the transcriptional diversity of distinct NEUN+ populations in the human ventral midbrain and then tested for schizophrenia-associated changes in neuronal subset proportions and gene activity changes within neuronal subsets.
Combining single nucleus RNA-sequencing with fluorescence-activated sorting of NEUN+ nuclei, we analysed 31,669 nuclei. Initially, we detected 18 transcriptionally distinct neuronal populations in the human ventral midbrain, including 2 “mixed” populations. The presence of neuronal populations in the midbrain was orthogonally validated with immunohistochemical stainings. “Mixed” populations contained nuclei expressing transcripts for vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (SLC17A6) and Glutamate Decarboxylase 2 (GAD2), but these transcripts were not typically co-expressed by the same nucleus. Upon more fine-grained subclustering of the 2 “mixed” populations, 16 additional subpopulations were identified that were transcriptionally classified as excitatory or inhibitory. In the midbrains of individuals with schizophrenia, we observed potential differences in the proportions of two (sub)populations of excitatory neurons, two subpopulations of inhibitory neurons, one “mixed” subpopulation, and one subpopulation of TH-expressing neurons.
This may suggest that transcriptional changes associated with schizophrenia broadly affect excitatory, inhibitory, and dopamine neurons. We detected 99 genes differentially expressed in schizophrenia compared to controls within neuronal subpopulations identified from the 2 “mixed” populations, with the majority (67) of changes within small GABAergic neuronal subpopulations. Overall, single-nucleus transcriptomic analyses profiled a high diversity of GABAergic neurons in the human ventral midbrain, identified putative shifts in the proportion of neuronal subpopulations, and suggested dysfunction of specific GABAergic subpopulations in schizophrenia, providing directions for future research.