bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Ovarian and Adrenal Venous Sampling in the Localization of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Independent Ectopic Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Chen Shi , Li Ran , Zhang Xiaobo , Lu Lin , Li Ji , Pan Hui , Zhu Huijuan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Context
Cushing syndrome is rarely caused by the secretion of cortisol from ovarian tumors. In clinical decision-making, it is important to determine whether the ovarian tumor is capable of secreting cortisol. Selective ovarian and adrenal venous sampling is scarcely reported in the localization of ACTH-independent ectopic Cushing syndrome.

Case Description
We present a case of 40-year-old Chinese woman who had weight gain, hirsutism, hypertension, and menstrual disorder over 6 months. Her physical examination and biochemical assessment revealed adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent Cushing syndrome. Adrenal computed tomography scan indicated no abnormality. A mass of 5.7 cm × 4.2 cm × 3.4 cm was discovered by pelvic ultrasonography. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy revealed no abnormal radioactivity intake. Combined ovarian and adrenal venous sampling together with a cortisol assay were conducted. Results revealed cortisol concentration of the right-side ovarian vein, left-side ovarian vein, and peripheral vein of 268.60, 29.00, and 35.18 μg/dL, respectively, suggesting a right-side ovarian origin. A right-side salpingo-oophorectomy was performed and the pathological diagnosis revealed ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified. The cortisol level was substantially lower after the patient underwent surgery and symptoms of Cushing syndrome disappeared. At 3-year follow-up, the patient remained disease free, and no tumor was observed on pelvic ultrasonogram.

Conclusion
Combined ovarian and adrenal venous sampling is valuable in the localization of adrenocorticotropic hormone–independent ectopic Cushing syndrome.
Comparison of Transcranial Doppler and Ultrasound-Tagged Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Measuring Relative Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow in Human Subjects
Authors: Lipnick Michael S. , Cahill Elizabeth A. , Feiner John R. , Bickler Philip E. 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:
Currently, no reliable method exists for continuous, noninvasive measurements of absolute cerebral blood flow (CBF). We sought to determine how changes measured by ultrasound-tagged near-infrared spectroscopy (UT-NIRS) compare with changes in CBF as measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD) in healthy volunteers during profound hypocapnia and hypercapnia.

METHODS:
Ten healthy volunteers were monitored with a combination of TCD, UT-NIRS (c-FLOW, Ornim Medical), as well as heart rate, blood pressure, end-tidal Pco
2 (PEtco
2), end-tidal O2, and inspired O2. Inspired CO2 and minute ventilation were controlled to achieve 5 stable plateau goals of Etco
2 at 15–20, 25–30, 35–40, 45–50, and 55–60 mm Hg, for a total of 7 measurements per subject. CBF was assessed at a steady state, with the TCD designated as the reference standard. The primary analysis was a linear mixed-effect model of TCD and UT-NIRS flow with PEtco
2, which accounts for repeated measures. Receiver operating characteristic curves were determined for detection of changes in CBF.

RESULTS:
Hyperventilation (nadir PEtco
2 17.1 ± 2.4) resulted in significantly decreased mean flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery from baseline (to 79% ± 22%), but not a consistent decrease in UT-NIRS cerebral flow velocity index (n = 10; 101% ± 6% of baseline). Hypercapnia (peak PEtco
2 59.3 ± 3.3) resulted in a significant increase from baseline in both mean flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (153% ± 25%) and UT-NIRS (119% ± 11%). Comparing slopes versus PEtco
2 as a percent of baseline for the TCD (1.7% [1.5%–2%]) and UT-NIRS (0.4% [0.3%–0.5%]) shows that the UT-NIRS slope is significantly flatter, P < .0001. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was significantly higher for the TCD than for UT-NIRS, 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.92–0.99) versus 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.66–0.82).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data indicate that UT-NIRS cerebral flow velocity index detects changes in CBF only during hypercarbia but not hypocarbia in healthy subjects and with much less sensitivity than TCD. Additional refinement and validation are needed before widespread clinical utilization of UT-NIRS.
Low- Versus High-Chloride Content Intravenous Solutions for Critically Ill and Perioperative Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kawano-Dourado Leticia , Zampieri Fernando G. , Azevedo Luciano C. P. , Corrêa Thiago D. , Figueiró Mabel , Semler Matthew W. , Kellum John A. , Cavalcanti Alexandre B. 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:
To assess whether use of low-chloride solutions in unselected critically ill or perioperative adult patients for maintenance or resuscitation reduces mortality and renal replacement therapy (RRT) use when compared to high-chloride fluids.

METHODS:
Systematic review and meta-analysis with random-effects inverse variance model. PubMed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science were searched from inception to October 2016. Published and unpublished randomized controlled trials in any language that enrolled critically ill and/or perioperative adult patients and compared a low- to a highchloride solution for volume maintenance or resuscitation. The primary outcomes were mortality and RRT use. We conducted trial sequential analyses and assessed risk of bias of individual trials and the overall quality of evidence. Fifteen trials with 4067 patients, most at low risk of bias, were identified. Of those, only 11 and 10 trials had data on mortality and RRT use, respectively. A total of 3710 patients were included in the mortality analysis and 3724 in the RRT analysis.

RESULTS:
No statistically significant impact on mortality (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.69–1.17; P = .44; I
2 = 0%) or RRT use (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.80–1.58; P = .52; I
2 = 0%) was found. Overall quality of evidence was low for both primary outcomes. Trial sequential analyses highlighted that the sample size needed was much larger than that available for properly powered outcome assessment.

CONCLUSIONS:
The current evidence on low- versus high-chloride solutions for unselected critically ill or perioperative adult patients demonstrates no benefit, but suffers from considerable imprecision. We noted a limited exposure volume for study fluids and a relatively low risk of the populations in each study. Together with the relatively small pooled sample size, these data leave us underpowered to detect potentially important differences. Results from well-conducted, adequately powered randomized controlled trials examining sufficiently large fluid exposure are necessary.
Spondylodiscitis revisited
Authors: Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Megaloikonomos Panayiotis D. , Igoumenou Vasileios G. , Panagopoulos Georgios N. , Giannitsioti Efthymia , Papadopoulos Antonios , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. 
Published: November 2017

Spondylodiscitis may involve the vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, paravertebral structures and spinal canal, with potentially high morbidity and mortality rates. A rise in the susceptible population and improved diagnosis have increased the reported incidence of the disease in recent years. Blood cultures, appropriate imaging and biopsy are essential for diagnosis and treatment. Most patients are successfully treated by conservative means; however, some patients may require surgical treatment. Surgical indications include doubtful diagnosis, progressive neurological deficits, progressive spinal deformity, failure to respond to treatment, and unresolved pain.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:447–461. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160062
Book Reviews
Authors: Pearse Harold , Knochel Aaron D. , Hanawalt Christina 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Helen Kemp Frye’s Writings on Art, Robert D. Denham (ed.) (2017) Newcaste on Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 115 pp., ISBN: 9781443836593, h/bk, £45.99
Conversations on Finnish Art Education, Mira Kallio-Tavin and Jouko Pullinen (eds) (2015) Helsinki: Aalto Arts Books, 350 pp., ISBN: 9789526061580, h/bk, 40,00
Mere and Easy: Collage as a Critical Practice in Pedagogy, Jorge Lucero (ed.) (2016) Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 200 pp., ISBN: 9780252082436, p/bk, $30.00
Toll‐like receptor 2 has a prominent but nonessential role in innate immunity to Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia
Authors: Skerrett Shawn J. , Braff Marissa H. , Liggitt H. Denny , Rubens Craig E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is an important cause of acute bacterial pneumonia. Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognizes multiple components of the bacterial cell wall and activates innate immune responses to gram‐positive bacteria. We hypothesized that TLR2 would have an important role in pulmonary host defense against S. aureus. TLR null (TLR2−/−) mice and wild type (WT) C57BL/6 controls were challenged with aerosolized S. aureus at a range of inocula for kinetic studies of cytokine and antimicrobial peptide expression, lung inflammation, bacterial killing by alveolar macrophages, and bacterial clearance. Survival was measured after intranasal infection. Pulmonary induction of most pro‐inflammatory cytokines was significantly blunted in TLR2−/− mice 4 and 24 h after infection in comparison with WT controls. Bronchoalveolar concentrations of cathelicidin‐related antimicrobial peptide also were reduced in TLR2−/− mice. Lung inflammation, measured by enumeration of bronchoalveolar neutrophils and scoring of histological sections, was significantly blunted in TLR2−/− mice. Phagocytosis of S. aureus by alveolar macrophages in vivo after low‐dose infection was unimpaired, but viability of ingested bacteria was significantly greater in TLR2−/− mice. Bacterial clearance from the lungs was slightly impaired in TLR2−/− mice after low‐dose infection only; bacterial elimination from the lungs was slightly accelerated in the TLR2−/− mice after high‐dose infection. Survival after high‐dose intranasal challenge was 50–60% in both groups. TLR2 has a significant role in early innate immune responses to S. aureus in the lungs but is not required for bacterial clearance and survival from S. aureus pneumonia.
Barriers for Use of Wood in Architecture: The Latvian Case
Authors: Viļuma Antra , Bratuškins Uģis 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Wood in general is a traditional building material in Northern Europe including Latvia and other Baltic countries, but nowadays it is used less in Latvia than in other EU countries. There are many forests in Latvia and a well-developed timber industry. Latvian society is enthusiastic about eco-materials, and qualified architects and engineers are ready to work with timber structures. However, wood is mainly used for small buildings and residential construction, but minimally in public and multi-apartment buildings. The study was carried out among architects and other stakeholders in Latvia to analyze their impact on the selection of building material. Thirty-eight interviews were conducted, questionnaire among 73 respondents carried out, and discussion in a focus group was held to find out the main reason and barriers for using wood for buildings in Latvia less than in other EU countries. During the research the main influencing factors for choosing wood constructions were identified and seven main barriers formulated. The study results were compared with the results of similar studies in other countries. Two of the seven barriers in Latvia – stereotypes and legislation – were not mentioned in other studies, nevertheless, these are the most frequently mentioned obstacles in the Latvian case.
The Great Depression of Income: Historical Estimates of the Longer-Run Impact of Entering the Labor Market during a Recession
Authors: Moulton Jeremy Grant 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this paper, I estimate the longer-run impact of variation in labor market entry conditions, driven by the Great Depression, on income and other labor outcomes in the 1940 Census. I use a regression discontinuity research design and find that 10 years after entry, less educated men entering the labor market at the beginning of the Great Depression earned 8.6 % less than those entering just one year prior. I find that the effect is larger (14.7 %) for those born in states more negatively affected by the Great Depression and close to zero for those born in states relatively less affected. The results indicate that the Great Depression had a persistent, negative impact on less-educated entrants that is not significantly different from that experienced by unlucky entrants of modern recessions.
Once Upon a Time… Fairy Tales and Other Stories
Authors: Smith-Shank Deborah L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChildren and adults absorb and interpret folk tales, fairy tales, and other stories through books, movies, and the vast resources available today on the Internet, including a multitude of storied games. The very best stories are personal, transparent, and effective vehicles for teaching and learning. They teach us how we (mis)fit in families, cultures, hopes, and dreams. From the classic tales of Indigenous people to contemporary interactive web-stories, we learn how strength and weakness, courage and fear, tenacity and laziness define girls and women, boys and men. It is through stories that we learn what it is to transgress and the punishments meted out for making bad choices. Through stories, we learn to be who we are. And through a social semiotic study of these stories as practices of meaning-making, we begin to understand how they shape individuals and society.
Verb Class-Specific Caused-Motion Constructions
Authors: Xia Xiaorong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn a constructional approach, the caused-motion construction is productive enough to attract verbs of different types into the construction; however, the distinct senses derived from actual instances indicate it is necessary to posit the caused-motion construction at lower levels because more novel uses present meanings closer to those lower constructions. The present analysis of the corpus data of English motion verbs shows that the senses of manner of caused-motion, manner of causing motion, and accompanied motion arise from their occurrences in the caused-motion construction. From a usage-based perspective, the entrenched use would yield verb class-specific constructions that are productive as well. The lower level of construction, together with the most schematic one, is stored in our memory as part of conceptual representation. The research indicates that creative use of motion verbs in the caused-motion construction is better interpreted with verb class-specific constructions.
Properties of Mandarin Reflexives
Authors: Zhang Zhiyi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThere are some problems concerning the properties of Mandarin reflexives as claimed by former studies. The present study redefines Mandarin simplex reflexives and compound reflexives as having different syntactic properties. Mandarin simplex reflexives withzijipossess features of both anaphor and pronoun and follow the normal pattern of derivation. This explains why the simplex reflexives exhibit the long-distance binding phenomenon and blocking effect. Mandarin compound reflexives are quite similar to English reflexives and they follow the special derivational pattern. At the beginning of the derivation, they form pairs with antecedents and their antecedents help to value the reflexive feature and then designatezijias a suffix to the pronouns. This helps to explain why the Mandarin compound reflexives strictly follow the BCA. The simplex reflexive in Mandarin double reflexive structures is different from the bare conditionalshuiin havingde dictointerpretation, that is, it has an implicit specified antecedent in the context.
Species distribution models for critically endangered liverworts (Bryophyta) from the Czech Republic: a guide to future survey expeditions.
Authors: Číhal Lukáš , Kaláb Oto 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Using 35 presence-only data samples and five uncorrelated bioclimatic variables, we made species distribution models (SDMs) for 4 species of critically endangered (CR) liverworts from genus Jungermanniales and Marchantiales (Cephaloziella elegans, Leiocolea heterocolpos, Lophozia wenzelii and Riccia papillosa) using the maximum entropy modelling method (MaxEnt). Since we were modelling CR species, only one model proved to be strong enough to be used in the field. However, SDMs can serve as effective and fast tools for acceleration of the discovery of the rare and endangered species. The final model presented in this study can serve as a guide to future survey expeditions, the conservation of the target species and also to help understand their ecology.
A new record of Linaria genistifolia (Plantaginaceae) in Poland
Authors: Pliszko Artur 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this paper, a new Polish record of Linaria genistifolia is presented. It was found on 27 August 2017 in Zabrze, Silesia Province, growing at the foot of the reclaimed slag heap. The updated map of its distribution in Poland is provided using the ATPOL cartogram method.
New records of Cecidomyiidae, Dixidae and Mycetophilidae (Diptera) from the Czech and Slovak Republics
Authors: Sikora Tomáš , Čada Miroslav , Ševčík Jan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
New records of Cecidomyiidae, Dixidae and Mycetophilidae (Diptera) are presented from various localities in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Three species of Cecidomyiidae, four species of Dixidae and two species of Mycetophilidae are new to the Czech Republic. One species of Cecidomyiidae, two species of Dixidae and two species of Mycetophilidae are new to Slovakia. Problems with the interpretation of the species Dixella nigra (Staeger, 1840) and Dixella bankowskae (Vaillant, 1969) are also commented on.
A new record ofSenecio inaequidens(Asteraceae) in Poland
Authors: Pliszko Artur 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe paper presents a new Polish record ofSenecio inaequidens, a perennial plant native to South Africa. It was found growing on roadside verge in Głogoczów, West-Beskidian Piedmont, southern Poland, on September 22, 2016. A map of distribution ofS. inaequidensin Poland is presented using the ATPOL cartogram method and the pattern of its spread along motorways is discussed.
GIS-Based Sub-Basin Scale Identification of Dominant Runoff Processes for Soil and Water Management in Anambra Area of Nigeria
Authors: Fagbohun Babatunde Joseph , Olabode Oluwaseun Franklin , Adebola Abiodun Olufemi , Akinluyi Francis Omowonuola 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIdentifying landscapes having comparable hydrological characteristics is valuable for the determination of dominant runoff process (DRP) and prediction of flood. Several approaches used for DRP-mapping vary in relation to data and time requirement. Manual approaches which are based on field investigation and expert knowledge are time demanding and difficult to implement at regional scale. Automatic GIS-based approach on the other hand require simplification of data but is easier to implement and it is applicable on a regional scale.In this study, GIS-based automated approach was used to identify the DRPs in Anambra area. The result showed that Hortonian overland flow (HOF) has the highest coverage of 1508.3 km2(33.5%) followed by deep percolation (DP) with coverage of 1455.3 km2(32.3%). Subsurface flow (SSF) is the third dominant runoff process covering 920.6 km2(20.4%) while saturated overland flow (SOF) covers the least area of 618.4 km2(13.7%) of the study area. The result reveal that considerable amount of precipitated water would be infiltrated into the subsurface through deep percolation process contributing to groundwater recharge in the study area. However, it is envisaged that HOF and SOF will continue to increase due to the continuous expansion of built-up area. With the expected increase in HOF and SOF, and the change in rainfall pattern associated with perpetual problem of climate change, it is paramount that groundwater conservation practices should be considered to ensure continued sustainable utilization of groundwater in the study area.
Un paesaggio memoriale ricorrente nella Divina Commedia: i fiumi che decorrono dal versante destro e sinistro dell’Appennino
Authors: Tavoni Mirko 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
In Dantes De vulgari eloquentia wird der Kamm des Apennins mit seinen jeweils in Richtung der Adria sowie bis zum Tyrrhenischen Meer laufenden Strömen als Sprachgrenze angesehen zwischen den Mundarten der rechten und der linken Seite Italiens. Der Toskanisch-Emilianische und der Toskana- Romagna Apennin mit ihren im Nordosten in Richtung der Adria, im Südwesten in Richtung des Tyrrhenischen Meeres laufenden Flüssen kehren in Dantes Inferno und Purgatorio mehrfach als Motive wieder, die jeweils unterschiedliche Bedeutungen aufweisen. Der vorliegende Aufsatz beabsichtigt, an Hand der Analyse der einschlägigen Stellen aus der Göttlichen Komödie die folgenden Punkte zu klären: 1) Dantes biographische Erfahrungen aus den ersten zwei Jahren seines Exils in den Gebieten Casentino, Mugello und Romagna, welchen diese wiederkehrende Gedächtnislandschaft zugrunde liegt; 2) die politische Valenz des »von den Apenninen herkommenden Blicks« des exilierten Dichters, der auf der einen Seite in die toskanischen Comuni, auf der anderen in die sich entwickelnden Signorie der Romagna schaut; 3) die Idee der überquellenden Wasserfülle dieses Gebiets, welche in mehreren Stellen des Inferno und des Purgatorio auftritt.
Berg(-Landschaft) bei Dante – mit einem Ausblick auf Boccaccio
Authors: Wolfzettel Friedrich 
Published: November 2017

Riassunto
Nella sua concezione del monte del Purgatorio Dante sembra voler ignorare deliberatamente la lunga tradizione di un purgatorio infernale descritta da Jacques Le Goff, per riallacciarsi invece alla tradizione del monte sacro dell’Antico e del Nuovo Testamento. Non a caso, il monte del Purgatorio è coronato dal Paradiso Terrestre. La nuova posizione del monte al confine del mondo, a differenza della tradizione medievale, sottolinea pure la novità di una concezione quasi reale della montagna sacra la cui ascensione viene descritta con un realismo dinamico inaudito fino ad allora. Ma la »montagna bruna« descritta alla fine del celebre canto XXVI dell’Inferno funge anche da simbolo della verticalità tipica della cultura medievale che il grande dantista Giovanni Boccaccio non potrà accettare. Il ripudio della montagna - a favore di un paesaggio erotico della pianura umida e soleggiata - sarà dunque una caratteristica di tutta la sua opera fino al Decameron. Però, alla fine della sua vita, l’autore riprenderà il motivo del monte sacro di Dante per farne, nella sua visione satirica intitolata Corbaccio, il simbolo di una nuova libertà intellettuale nei confronti delle tentazioni erotiche e della schiavitù della carne. Si tratta però di un tentativo di autoliberazione a spese del dinamismo e del realismo della rappresentazione dantesca: il progresso intellettuale viene contrariato dal regresso estetico.
Birgitta and Bernard: Two Saints and Five Old Swedish Fragments in the Danish National Archives
Authors: Adams Jonathan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Danish National Archives in Copenhagen houses several thousand manuscript fragments, the remains of numerous works that were cut up and used in the bindings of later books. The majority of these fragments are written in Latin, Middle Low German, or Danish, although a few in Old Swedish also survive. Five of these Old Swedish fragments are published and discussed in this article. They contain parts of two of St Birgitta’s