bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the role of the dental hygienist in reducing oral health disparities in Canada: A qualitative study
Authors: Farmer J , Peressini S , Lawrence HP 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesReducing oral health disparities has been an ongoing challenge in Canada with the largest burden of oral disease exhibited in vulnerable populations, including Aboriginal people, the elderly, rural and remote residents, and newcomers. Dental hygienists are a unique set of professionals who work with and within communities, who have the potential to act as key change agents for improving the oral health of these populations. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore, from the dental hygiene perspective, the role of dental hygienists in reducing oral health disparities in Canada.MethodsDental hygienists and key informants in dental hygiene were recruited, using purposeful and theoretical sampling, to participate in a non‐directed, semi‐structured one‐on‐one in‐depth telephone interview using Skype and Call Recorder software. Corbin and Strauss's grounded theory methodology was employed with open, axial, and selective coding analysed on N‐Vivo Qualitative software.ResultsThe resulting theoretical framework outlines strategies proposed by participants to address oral health disparities; these included alternate delivery models, interprofessional collaboration, and increased scope of practice. Participants identified variation in dental care across Canada, public perceptions of oral health and dental hygiene practice, and lack of applied research on effective oral health interventions as challenges to implementing these strategies.ConclusionThe research confirmed the important role played by dental hygienists in reducing oral health disparities in Canada. However, due to the fragmentation of dental hygiene practice across Canada, a unified voice and cohesive action plan is needed in order for the profession to fully embrace their role.
Synthesis of carbon nanotube (CNT)‐BiFeO3 and (CNT)‐Bi2Fe4O9 nanocomposites and its enhanced photocatalytic properties
Authors: Datta Arkaprava , Chakraborty Subhabrata , Mukherjee Soumya , Mukherjee Siddhartha 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPure and carbon nanotube (CNT) attached BiFeO3 and Bi2Fe4O9 were prepared via hydrothermal route at fixed temperature, with time and mineralizer as variants. Phase purity of products was determined through X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies. FESEM analyses revealed that synthesized materials exhibited various morphologies, depending on the mineralizer being employed in the synthesis. Optical band gap measurements have been carried out using UV‐Vis spectroscopy analyses. The attachment of CNT reduces the bandgap, and consequently enhances photocatalytic activity due to the electron transfer from BiFeO3 to CNT. The pseudo‐first order model of reaction kinetics has been used successfully to study the associated mechanism.
A computational and experimental study on the effective properties of Al2O3‐Ni composites
Authors: Akhtar Syed Sohail , Siddiqui Muhammad Usama , Kabeer Raza , Hakeem Abbas , Kareem Lemboye , Arif Abul Fazal 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that effective medium approximation and mean field homogenization technique is a useful computational tool to predict the effective thermal and structural properties of alumina‐nickel (Al2O3‐Ni) composites. Nickel particle size and volume fraction, thermal interface resistance and porosity are found significant factors that affect thermal conductivity, elastoplastic behavior, elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient of Al2O3‐Ni composite. To complement the computational design, Al2O3‐Ni composite samples with designed range of volume fractions and nickel particle size are developed using spark plasma sintering process and properties are measured for model verification.
Learning from Nature: Using bioinspired approaches and natural materials to make porous bioceramics
Authors: Baino Francesco , Ferraris Monica 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLearning from Nature is a humble and smart approach to fabricate implantable biomaterials with complex hierarchies and porous microstructures which can effectively mimic the natural tissues that they have to replace and regenerate. Biological structures such as corals, marine sponges, wood, and vegetal products can be used as sacrificial templates to produce porous bioceramics that inherit the natural morphology and multiscale porous organization. This review gives a picture of bioinspired ceramics for medical applications and highlights the technological and industrial challenges associated with this attractive and fascinating field of research.
Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the sol‐gel–derived Zr‐doped Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 polycrystalline ceramic systems
Authors: Mahmood Asad , Naeem Abdul , Iqbal Yaseen , Ullah Asad 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBa0.7Sr0.3ZrxTi1−xO3 (BSZT; where x=0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1) ceramics were processed through a sol‐gel method at 1450°C for 6 h. All the samples showed a diffuse phase transition which might be due to the presence of polar nanoregions, those associated with the composition inhomogeneity in the BSZT ceramics. The sample with x=0.02 exhibited a dielectric constant (ɛ=23714) which successively decreased with increasing x up to 8569 for the sample with x=0.1 around Tc measured at 10 kHz. Ceramic samples showed a ferroelectric hysteresis behavior similar to relaxor materials.
The use of CellaVision™ DM96 in the verification of the presence of blasts in samples flagged by the Sysmex XE‐5000
Authors: Eilertsen H. , Henriksson C. E. , Hagve T.‐A. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIntroductionThe CellaVision™DM96 is a digital pattern recognition system that classifies white blood cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the CellaVision preclassification feature, without a subsequent re‐classification, was a sufficient approach to follow up flags reported by Sysmex XE‐5000.MethodsPairs of blood smears from 400 samples reported with suspect flags were examined using conventional microscopy and the CellaVision features. The effect of pre‐ vs. re‐classification, and intersmear and between‐technologist variation, on blast counts was assessed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM).ResultsThe GLMM analysis showed a significant difference between the blast counts of preclassification vs. re‐classification (P = 0.009). The analysis showed no significant difference between duplicate smears (P = 0.621) or between technologists (P = 0.542). Preclassification showed blasts in 105 samples (26%), where the re‐classification feature did not detect any blasts. Not a single sample that was re‐classified as positive for blasts was preclassified as negative. Compared to manual microscopy, the sensitivity and specificity of the preclassification feature were 0.83 and 0.66, respectively.ConclusionThe preclassification feature alone is sufficient to verify the absence of blasts in flagged samples. When the preclassification feature detects blasts, the finding has to be verified or reclassified by an experienced technologist. However, the use of CellaVision™DM96 in the follow‐up of blast reports has to be questioned due to the finding of false‐negative samples in the preclassification feature, but also after re‐classification, compared to manual slide review.
What can community pharmacy learn from the experiences of transition to practice for novice doctors and nurses? A narrative review
Authors: Magola Esnath , Willis Sarah C , Schafheutle Ellen I 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objectives
In the absence of literature reporting the transition experiences of novice community pharmacists, peer-reviewed evidence on the transition experiences of novice doctors and nurses was identified and reviewed. Specific objectives included identifying the challenges to transition and their perceived impact, before considering the implications for novice community pharmacists.

Methods
The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and ScienceDirect were searched for full peer-reviewed original research papers published 1990–March 2015, reporting the transition experiences of novice doctors and nurses. A narrative review following coding of themes was undertaken to synthesise findings with transferability.

Key findings
Twenty-five papers using qualitative and quantitative methods were retrieved from nursing (18) and medicine (6). Challenges were categorised into three themes: personal experiences (where acquiring professional accountability, failing to meet expectations, and emotional, cognitive and physical demands of the job heightened stress), social experiences (where support and acceptance at work were hindered by organisational culture, hierarchy or interpersonal conflict) and challenges from job-related experiences (high workloads, task complexity, staffing, rotations and shift patterns). Challenging transitions were perceived by novice practitioners and their peers as impeding learning, impairing performance and having negative implications for patient care.

Conclusions
While some of these findings may be transferable to community pharmacy settings, contextual differences exist: relative isolation from professional peers, commercially driven private-sector settings, full and immediate acquisition of professional accountability and the lack of clinical career pathways or formalised support. Given these differences, is it appropriate that ‘day-one’ community pharmacists are fully and immediately accountable? Empirical research exploring transition to practice in the community pharmacy setting is needed.
The role of catastrophizing in vulvovaginal pain: Impact on pain and partner responses over time
Authors: Flink Ida K. , Engman Linnéa , Thomtén Johanna , Linton Steven J. 
Published: March 2017

The aim of this prospective study was to explore the role of catastrophizing in vulvovaginal pain. The study entails two research questions. The first question was whether catastrophizing predicts the occurrence of vulvovaginal pain. The second question focused on exploring the links between catastrophizing, partner responses and pain. Five hundred and ten women filled out questionnaires at two measurement points, 10 months apart. The women were divided into three groups based on levels of catastrophizing. To study the first research question, the groups were used as predictors of pain at follow‐up. To study the second research question, the groups were compared regarding their perceived solicitous partner responses. Subsequently, two mediation models were tested to explore whether catastrophizing mediated the relationship between solicitous partner responses and pain, cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. Baseline levels of catastrophizing distinguished between pain and no pain 10 months later. High catastrophizers reported higher levels of solicitous partner responses than low catastrophizers. The mediation analyses revealed catastrophizing as a significant mediator between solicitous partner responses and pain, cross‐sectionally and over time. The findings support catastrophizing as being an important factor in women with vulvovaginal pain, cross‐sectionally and over time.
Early detection of dementia in people with an intellectual disability – A German pilot study
Authors: Kuske Bettina , Wolff Christian , Gövert Uwe , Müller Sandra Verena 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThis study investigated the application of a newly developed neuropsychological assessment, the Wolfenbütteler Dementia Test for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (WDTIM) in combination with the Dementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (DSQIID).MethodsThe instruments were evaluated in a prospective 2‐year follow‐up study. A total of 102 people with an intellectual disability were assessed at 6‐month intervals. Data were analysed using qualitative and statistical analyses.ResultsFour groups of individuals emerged from the analysis: (1) confirmed suspicion, (2) no suspicion, (3) questionable suspicion and (4) early suspicion. Significant differences were found between groups 1 and 2. The WDTIM could be administered to 90%–100% of all participants exhibiting mild‐to‐moderate intellectual disability and to 50% with severe intellectual disability .ConclusionsThe WDTIM was shown to have good applicability to people with mild‐to‐moderate intellectual disability and to be appropriate for detecting cognitive changes. Using the two instruments in combination achieved greater accuracy in reinforcing a dementia suspicion than did using the DSQIID alone.
“With a Touch of a Button”: Staff perceptions on integrating technology in an Irish service provider for people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Clifford Simplican Stacy , Shivers Carolyn , Chen June , Leader Geraldine 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities continue to underutilize technology, in part due to insufficient training. Because support staff professionals provide instructional support, how they perceive integrating new technologies is important for people with intellectual disabilities.MethodThe authors conducted a sequential mixed‐methods exploratory study (quan→QUAL) including quantitative data from online surveys completed by 46 staff members and qualitative data from five focus groups attended by 39 staff members.ResultsQuantitative results show strong support for diverse technologies. In contrast, qualitative results suggest that staff members’ support of technology decreases when they perceive that technology may jeopardize service users’ safety or independence.ConclusionsAlthough staff members identified increasing independence as the main reason to use new technologies with service users, they also worried that technologies used to increase the social inclusion of service users may pose undue risk and thus may limit their embrace of technology.
Paradoxical gain‐of‐function mutant of the G‐protein‐coupled receptor PROKR2 promotes early puberty
Authors: Fukami Maki , Suzuki Erina , Izumi Yoko , Torii Tomohiro , Narumi Satoshi , Igarashi Maki , Miyado Mami , Katsumi Momori , Fujisawa Yasuko , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Hata Kenichiro , Umezawa Akihiro , Matsubara Yoichi , Yamauchi Junji , Ogata Tsutomu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe human genome encodes ~750 G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), including prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2) involved in the regulation of sexual maturation. Previously reported pathogenic gain‐of‐function mutations of GPCR genes invariably encoded aberrant receptors with excessive signal transduction activity. Although in vitro assays demonstrated that an artificially created inactive mutant of PROKR2 exerted paradoxical gain‐of‐function effects when co‐transfected with wild‐type proteins, such a phenomenon has not been observed in vivo. Here, we report a heterozygous frameshift mutation of PROKR2 identified in a 3.5‐year‐old girl with central precocious puberty. The mutant mRNA escaped nonsense‐mediated decay and generated a GPCR lacking two transmembrane domains and the carboxyl‐terminal tail. The mutant protein had no in vitro signal transduction activity; however, cells co‐expressing the mutant and wild‐type PROKR2 exhibited markedly exaggerated ligand‐induced Ca2+ responses. The results indicate that certain inactive PROKR2 mutants can cause early puberty by enhancing the functional property of coexisting wild‐type proteins. Considering the structural similarity among GPCRs, this paradoxical gain‐of‐function mechanism may underlie various human disorders.
Evaluation of Surface Roughness Characteristics Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Inspection of Microhardness Following Resin Infiltration with Icon®
Authors: Gurdogan Elif Beril , Ozdemir‐Ozenen Didem , Sandalli Nuket 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness via atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as to evaluate the microhardness values of Icon® in comparison with sound and demineralized enamel in a large subject group.Materials and MethodsEnamel samples were prepared from sound bovine incisors and randomly allocated into either AFM (n = 60) or microhardness (n = 60) groups. The AFM group was divided into control (n = 30) and Icon® (n = 30) subgroups. The microhardness group was also divided into three subgroups: control (n = 20), demineralization (n = 20) and Icon® (n = 20) groups. The demineralization and Icon® subgroups were subjected to a demineralizing solution (pH: 4, 2 hours). Following the formation of shallow white spot lesions and application of the infiltrant, each sample was examined according to its parameter.ResultsAFM images suggested that Icon® had a significantly rougher surface than the control group. When the AFM results were evaluated numerically, it was evident that the Icon® group possessed statistically higher Sa, Sq, mean height, and maximum deviation values compared to the control group. The mean Vickers hardness values of all groups were determined to be significantly different from one another. Hardness values in the demineralization group were determined to be significantly lower than the control and Icon® groups. No statistically significant difference was observed between mean Vickers hardness values for the contol and Icon® groups.ConclusionsThe present in vitro study shows that more studies are required to improve the surface quality of this infiltrant material.Clinical SignificanceThe present in vitro study shows that the resin infiltration technique results in increased microhardness of demineralized enamel. However, it was observed that the infiltrant material creates a significantly rougher surface compared to healthy, untreated enamel. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:201–208, 2017)
The Cytotoxic Effects of Camptothecin and Mastoparan on the Unicellular Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Voigt Jürgen , Morawski Markus , Wöstemeyer Johannes 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe have recently reported that protease inhibitors affecting the activity of the proteasome cause necrotic cell death in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii instead of inducing apoptosis as shown for some mammalian cell lines. Therefore, we have studied other well‐known inducers of apoptosis in mammalian cells for their effects on C. reinhardtii cells. Mastoparan caused rapid cell death without a prominent lag‐phase under all growth conditions, whereas the cytotoxic effect of the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin exclusively occurred during the cell‐division phase. Essentially no differences between wall‐deficient and wild‐type cells were observed with respect to dose‐response and time‐course of camptothecin and mastoparan. In cultures of the wall‐deficient strain, cell death was accompanied by swelling and subsequent disruption of the cells, established markers of necrosis. In case of the wild‐type strain, camptothecin and mastoparan caused accumulation of apparently intact, but dead cells instead of cell debris due to the presence of the wall. Both in cultures of the wall‐deficient and the wild‐type strains, cell death was accompanied by an increase of the protein concentration in the culture medium indicating a lytic process like necrosis. Taking together, we have severe doubts on the existence of an apoptotic program in case of C. reinhardtii.
UniEuk: Time to Speak a Common Language in Protistology!
Authors: Berney Cédric , Ciuprina Andreea , Bender Sara , Brodie Juliet , Edgcomb Virginia , Kim Eunsoo , Rajan Jeena , Parfrey Laura Wegener , Adl Sina , Audic Stéphane , Bass David , Caron David A. , Cochrane Guy , Czech Lucas , Dunthorn Micah , Geisen Stefan , Glöckner Frank Oliver , Mahé Frédéric , Quast Christian , Kaye Jonathan Z. , Simpson Alastair G. B. , Stamatakis Alexandros , del Campo Javier , Yilmaz Pelin , de Vargas Colomban 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUniversal taxonomic frameworks have been critical tools to structure the fields of botany, zoology, mycology, and bacteriology as well as their large research communities. Animals, plants, and fungi have relatively solid, stable morpho‐taxonomies built over the last three centuries, while bacteria have been classified for the last three decades under a coherent molecular taxonomic framework. By contrast, no such common language exists for microbial eukaryotes, even though environmental ‘‐omics’ surveys suggest that protists make up most of the organismal and genetic complexity of our planet's ecosystems! With the current deluge of eukaryotic meta‐omics data, we urgently need to build up a universal eukaryotic taxonomy bridging the protist ‐omics age to the fragile, centuries‐old body of classical knowledge that has effectively linked protist taxa to morphological, physiological, and ecological information. UniEuk is an open, inclusive, community‐based and expert‐driven international initiative to build a flexible, adaptive universal taxonomic framework for eukaryotes. It unites three complementary modules, EukRef, EukBank, and EukMap, which use phylogenetic markers, environmental metabarcoding surveys, and expert knowledge to inform the taxonomic framework. The UniEuk taxonomy is directly implemented in the European Nucleotide Archive at EMBL‐EBI, ensuring its broad use and long‐term preservation as a reference taxonomy for eukaryotes.
Effect of thermal pretreatments on physical, phytochemical, and antioxidant properties of black rice pasta
Authors: Laishram Basantarani , Das Amit Baran 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe effect of various pretreatment methods, such as conventional, sous‐vide, and microwave, on water absorption, solubility, cooking characteristics, and phytochemical properties of black rice pasta was investigated. Water adsorption index and water solubility index of pretreated pasta sample were significantly increased with an increase in temperature or microwave radiation. The cooking yield of conventional (240.75–305.95%) and sous‐vide (252.48–354.31%) pretreated pasta showed a significant increase with increasing temperature. Whereas, in microwave pretreatment, cooking yield (304.45–255.34%) was decreased with the increase in microwave radiation. The cooking losses of pretreated pasta showed an increasing pattern with an increase in temperature or microwave radiation. The pasting properties in terms of the peak, holding, final, breakdown, and setback viscosity were decreased. The degradation of anthocyanin and phenolic contents was higher in the sous‐vide and microwave treated pasta than the conventionally treated sample. The conventional treatment also led to the highest 2,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl hydrate scavenging activity than other pretreatment methods. The study provides valuable insight to understanding and predicting the changes that occur during processing of black rice pasta.Practical applicationsPasta is one of the most common foods, preferred worldwide for its usefulness, easy cooking, and good nutritional qualities. While traditional pasta is manufactured from only durum semolina, it can be developed using non‐durum ingredients with known functionalities as a functional food. In this study, black rice was used as a source of bioactive compounds in pasta. Moreover, the effect of pretreatment on functional and cooking quality of pasta indeed needs to know. This study also provides the basic information on pretreatment effect on pasta to the food industry.