bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of diabetes mellitus and obesity on upper limb arthroplasty outcomes: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Theodoulou Annika , Krishnan Jeganath , Aromataris Edoardo 
Published: January 2017

Review question/objective:
The objective of this review is to locate and synthesize the best available evidence investigating the impact of selected comorbidities on upper limb arthroplasty outcomes.
The review question is: Are patients with diabetes mellitus or obesity at an increased risk of complications and/or poorer postoperative outcomes following total shoulder, reverse total shoulder and total elbow arthroplasty?
Effectiveness of collaboration between emergency department and intensive care unit teams on mortality rates of patients presenting with critical illness: a quantitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Sahadeo Anna , McDowald Kerchelle , Direktor Svetlana , Hynes Elizabeth A. , Rogers Margaret E. 
Published: January 2017

Review objective:
The objective of this review is to identify the effectiveness of collaboration between emergency department (ED) and intensive care unit teams on mortality rates of critically ill adult patients in the ED.
Efficacy of thoracic paravertebral block versus systemic analgesia for postoperative thoracotomy pain: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Gessling Emelia Anne , Miller Meredith 
Published: January 2017

Review question/objective:
The objective of the systematic review is to synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of thoracic paravertebral block compared with the use of systemic analgesia on postoperative pain in patients who have undergone a thoracotomy procedure.
The statistics of the vestibular input experienced during natural self‐motion differ between rodents and primates
Authors: Carriot Jérome , Jamali Mohsen , Chacron Maurice J. , Cullen Kathleen E. 
Published: January 2017

Key points
In order to understand how the brain's coding strategies are adapted to the statistics of the sensory stimuli experienced during everyday life, the use of animal models is essential.
Mice and non‐human primates have become common models for furthering our knowledge of the neuronal coding of natural stimuli, but differences in their natural environments and behavioural repertoire may impact optimal coding strategies.
Here we investigated the structure and statistics of the vestibular input experienced by mice versus non‐human primates during natural behaviours, and found important differences.
Our data establish that the structure and statistics of natural signals in non‐human primates more closely resemble those observed previously in humans, suggesting similar coding strategies for incoming vestibular input.
These results help us understand how the effects of active sensing and biomechanics will differentially shape the statistics of vestibular stimuli across species, and have important implications for sensory coding in other systems.
AbstractIt is widely believed that sensory systems are adapted to the statistical structure of natural stimuli, thereby optimizing coding. Recent evidence suggests that this is also the case for the vestibular system, which senses self‐motion and in turn contributes to essential brain functions ranging from the most automatic reflexes to spatial perception and motor coordination. However, little is known about the statistics of self‐motion stimuli actually experienced by freely moving animals in their natural environments. Accordingly, here we examined the natural self‐motion signals experienced by mice and monkeys: two species commonly used to study vestibular neural coding. First, we found that probability distributions for all six dimensions of motion (three rotations, three translations) in both species deviated from normality due to long tails. Interestingly, the power spectra of natural rotational stimuli displayed similar structure for both species and were not well fitted by power laws. This result contrasts with reports that the natural spectra of other sensory modalities (i.e. vision, auditory and tactile) instead show a power‐law relationship with frequency, which indicates scale invariance. Analysis of natural translational stimuli revealed important species differences as power spectra deviated from scale invariance for monkeys but not for mice. By comparing our results to previously published data for humans, we found the statistical structure of natural self‐motion stimuli in monkeys and humans more closely resemble one another. Our results thus predict that, overall, neural coding strategies used by vestibular pathways to encode natural self‐motion stimuli are fundamentally different in rodents and primates.
Physiological and Biomechanical Responses to Prolonged Heavy Load Carriage During Level Treadmill Walking in Females
Authors: Lidstone Daniel E. , Stewart Justin A. , Gurchiek Reed , Needle Alan R. , van Werkhoven Herman , McBride Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2017

Heavy load carriage has been identified as a main contributing factor to the high incidence of overuse injuries in soldiers. Peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRFMAX) and maximal vertical loading rates (VLRMAX) may increase during heavy prolonged load carriage with the development of muscular fatigue and reduced shock attenuation capabilities. The objectives of the current study were (1) to examine physiological and biomechanical changes that occur during a prolonged heavy load carriage task, and (2) to examine if this task induces neuromuscular fatigue and changes in muscle architecture. Eight inexperienced female participants walked on an instrumented treadmill carrying operational loads for 60 minutes at 5.4 km·h–1. Oxygen consumption (), heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), trunk lean angle, and ground reaction forces were recorded continuously during task. Maximal force and in-vivo muscle architecture were assessed pre- and posttask. Significant increases were observed for VGRFMAX, VLRMAX, trunk lean angle, , heart rate, and RPE during the task. Increased vastus lateralis fascicle length and decreased maximal force production were also observed posttask. Prolonged heavy load carriage, in an inexperienced population carrying operational loads, results in progressive increases in ground reaction force parameters that have been associated with overuse injury.
Reliability of Achilles Tendon Moment Arm Measured In Vivo Using Freehand Three-Dimensional Ultrasound
Authors: Obst Steven J. , Barber Lee , Miller Ashton , Barrett Rod S. 
Published: January 2017

This study investigated reliability of freehand three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) measurement of in vivo human Achilles tendon (AT) moment arm. Sixteen healthy adults were scanned on 2 separate occasions by a single investigator. 3DUS scans were performed over the free AT, medial malleolus, and lateral malleolus with the ankle passively positioned in maximal dorsiflexion, mid dorsiflexion, neutral, mid plantar flexion and maximal plantar flexion. 3D reconstructions of the AT, medial malleolus, and lateral malleolus were created from manual segmentation of the ultrasound images and used to geometrically determine the AT moment arm using both a straight (straight ATMA) and curved (curved ATMA) tendon line-of-action. Both methods were reliable within- and between-session (intra-class correlation coefficients > 0.92; coefficient of variation < 2.5 %) and revealed that AT moment arm increased by ∼ 7 mm from maximal dorsiflexion (∼ 41mm) to maximal plantar flexion (∼ 48 mm). Failing to account for tendon curvature led to a small overestimation (< 2 mm) of AT moment arm that was most pronounced in ankle plantar flexion, but was less than the minimal detectable change of the method and could be disregarded.
Sequence of Reston Virus Isolate AZ-1435, an Ebolavirus Isolate Obtained during the 1989–1990 Reston Virus Epizootic in the United States
Authors: Cornish Joseph P. , Diaz Larissa , Ricklefs Stacy M. , Kanakabandi Kishore , Sword Jennifer , Jahrling Peter B. , Kuhn Jens H. , Porcella Stephen F. , Johnson Reed F. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Reston virus (RESTV) was discovered in 1989–1990 during three connected epizootics of highly lethal viral hemorrhagic fever among captive macaques in primate housing facilities in the United States and Philippines. Currently, only one RESTV isolate from that outbreak (named Pennsylvania) has been sequenced. Here, we report the sequence of a second isolate, Reston virus/M.fascicularis-tc/USA/1990/Philippines89-AZ1435.
Genome Sequence of Christensenella minuta DSM 22607
T
Authors: Rosa Bruce A. , Hallsworth-Pepin Kymberlie , Martin John , Wollam Aye , Mitreva Makedonka 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Obesity influences and is influenced by the human gut microbiome. Here, we present the genome of
Christensenella minuta
, a highly heritable bacterial species which has been found to be strongly associated with obesity through an unknown biological mechanism. This novel genome provides a valuable resource for future obesity therapeutic studies.
Draft Genome Sequence of Flavobacterium succinicans Strain DD5b
Authors: Poehlein Anja , Najdenski Hristo , Simeonova Diliana D. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

We present the first 3.315-Mbp assembled draft genome sequence of
Flavobacterium succinicans
strain DD5b. This bacterium is a phosphite-assimilating representative of the genus
Flavobacterium
isolated from guts of the zooplankton
Daphnia magna
.
Urogenital Tuberculosis
Authors: Figueiredo André A. , Lucon Antônio M. , Srougi Miguel 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTUrogenital tuberculosis is the second most frequent form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Starting with a pulmonary focus, 2 to 20% of patients develop urogenital tuberculosis through hematogenous spread to the kidneys, prostate, and epididymis; through the descending collecting system to the ureters, bladder, and urethra; and through the ejaculatory ducts to the genital organs. Urogenital tuberculosis occurs at all age ranges, but it is predominant in males in their fourth and fifth decades. It is a serious, insidious disease, generally developing symptoms only at a late stage, which leads to a diagnostic delay with consequent urogenital organ destruction; there are reports of patients with renal failure as their initial clinical presentation. Although the condition has been long recognized by nephrologists, urologists, and infectious disease specialists, urogenital tuberculosis is still largely unknown. Even when suggestive findings such as hematuria, sterile pyuria, and recurrent urinary infections are present, we rarely remember this diagnostic possibility. Greater knowledge of the features of urogenital tuberculosis then becomes relevant and should emphasize the importance of an early diagnosis.
The Role of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Mycobacterial Infections
Authors: Peloquin Charles 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of infectious death. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause a wide variety of difficult-to-treat infections in various human hosts. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) remains a standard clinical technique that uses plasma drug concentrations to determine dose. The reason to do this is simple: drug exposure (that is, the free drug area under the plasma concentration-time curve) relative to the MIC and not the dose
per se
largely determines the outcome of the infections. TDM provides objective information that clinician can use to make informed dosing decisions. The normal plasma concentration ranges provide reasonable guidance for initial target concentrations. Clinicians then combine concentration data with knowledge about the patients, in order to decide how aggressive to be with dosing. With sicker patients, who are closer to a poor outcome, one may be willing to accept an increased risk of potential toxicity in order to secure patient survival. In the clinic, time and resources are limited, so typically only two samples are collected postdose. The 2-h postdose concentrations approach the peak for most TB and NTM drugs. A 6-h sample allows the clinician to distinguish between delayed absorption and malabsorption, because patients with the latter need higher doses in order to gain the benefit associated with standard doses. Plasma concentrations do not account for all of the variability in patient responses to TB or NTM treatment, and concentrations cannot guarantee patient outcomes. However, combined with clinical and bacteriological data, TDM can be a decisive tool, allowing clinicians to look inside of their patients and adjust doses based on objective data. Knowing the dose, rather than guessing at the dose, is the path to shorter and more successful treatment regimens.
Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations in a cohort of depressed pregnant women: an updated analysis of the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort
Authors: Bérard Anick , Zhao Jin-Ping , Sheehy Odile 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveAntidepressant use during gestation has been associated with risk of major congenital malformations but estimates can lack statistical power or be confounded by maternal depression. We aimed to determine the association between first-trimester exposure to antidepressants and the risk of major congenital malformations in a cohort of depressed/anxious women.Setting and participantsData were obtained from the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort (QPC). All pregnancies with a diagnosis of depression or anxiety, or exposed to antidepressants in the 12 months before pregnancy, and ending with a live-born singleton were included.Outcome measuresAntidepressant classes (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) and other antidepressants) and types were individually compared with non-exposure during the first trimester (depressed untreated). Major congenital malformations overall and organ-specific malformations in the first year of life were identified.Results18 487 pregnant women were included. When looking at the specific types of antidepressant used during the first trimester, only citalopram was increasing the risk of major congenital malformations (adjusted OR, (aOR) 1.36, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.73; 88 exposed cases), although there was a trend towards increased risk for the most frequently used antidepressants. Antidepressants with serotonin reuptake inhibition effect (SSRI, SNRI, amitriptyline (the most used TCA)) increased the risk of certain organ-specific defects: paroxetine increased the risk of cardiac defects (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.88), and ventricular/atrial septal defects (aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.93); citalopram increased the risk of musculoskeletal defects (aOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.40 to 2.62), and craniosynostosis (aOR 3.95, 95% CI 2.08 to 7.52); TCA was associated with eye, ear, face and neck defects (aOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.05 to 5.72), and digestive defects (aOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.40 to 4.66); and venlafaxine was associated with respiratory defects (aOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.07 to 4.38).ConclusionsAntidepressants with effects on serotonin reuptake during embryogenesis increased the risk of some organ-specific malformations in a cohort of pregnant women with depression.
Timing of hypertonic saline and airway clearance techniques in adults with cystic fibrosis during pulmonary exacerbation: pilot data from a randomised crossover study
Authors: O'Neill Katherine , Moran Fidelma , Tunney Michael M , Elborn J Stuart , Bradbury Ian , Downey Damian G , Rendall Jackie , Bradley Judy M 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundStreamlining the timing of treatments in cystic fibrosis (CF) is important to optimise adherence while ensuring efficacy. The optimal timing of treatment with hypertonic saline (HTS) and airway clearance techniques (ACT) is unknown.ObjectivesThis study hypothesised that HTS before ACT would be more effective than HTS during ACT as measured by Lung Clearance Index (LCI).MethodsAdults with CF providing written informed consent were randomised to a crossover trial of HTS before ACT or HTS during ACT on consecutive days. ACT treatment consisted of Acapella Duet. Patients completed LCI and spirometry at baseline and 90 min post treatment. Mean difference (MD) and 95% CIs were reported.Results13 subjects completed the study (mean (SD) age 33 (12) years, forced expiratory volume in 1second % (FEV1%) predicted 51% (22), LCI (no. turnovers) 14 (4)). Comparing the two treatments (HTS before ACT vs HTS during ACT), the change from baseline to 90 min post treatment in LCI (MD (95% CI) −0.02 (−0.63 to 0.59)) and FEV1% predicted (MD (95% CI) −0.25 (−2.50 to 1.99)) was not significant. There was no difference in sputum weight (MD (95% CI) −3.0 (−14.9 to 8.9)), patient perceived ease of clearance (MD (95% CI) 0.4 (−0.6 to 1.3) or satisfaction (MD (95% CI) 0.4 (−0.6 to 1.5)). The time taken for HTS during ACT was significantly shorter (MD (95% CI) 14.7 (9.8 to 19.6)).ConclusionsIn this pilot study, HTS before ACT was no more effective than HTS during ACT as measured by LCI.Trial registration numberNCT01753869; Pre-results.
Use of Pipeline Flex is associated with reduced fluoroscopy time, procedure time, and technical failure compared with the first-generation Pipeline embolization device
Authors: Le Elizabeth J , Miller Timothy , Serulle Yafell , Shivashankar Ravishankar , Jindal Gaurav , Gandhi Dheeraj 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundFlow diversion with the Pipeline embolization device is a well-established method of intracranial aneurysm treatment. However, deployment of the first-generation device (Pipeline Classic) can be technically challenging. The Pipeline Flex contains the same flow-diverting stent with a modified delivery system.ObjectiveTo compare procedural outcomes between the first-generation device (Pipeline Classic) and the Pipeline Flex.MethodsThirty-eight of the first 40 consecutive patients who underwent intracranial aneurysm treatment with the Pipeline Flex and 58 of the most recent 60 consecutive patients who underwent treatment with the Pipeline Classic at our institution were evaluated. Patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, technical procedural details, and early outcomes were analyzed.ResultsThe two groups were comparable for age, gender, and location of target aneurysms. Use of Pipeline Flex decreased procedure time by 44.2 min (p≤0.001) and fluoroscopy time by 22.0 min (p=0.001) compared with the Pipeline Classic. Similarly, radiation exposure was less in the Flex group with a mean difference of 3473.5 Gy cm2(p=0.002), while contrast usage was decreased with a mean difference of 22.3 mL (p=0.007). These differences remained significant in multivariate regression analysis. Finally, the rate of device deployment failure was lower in the Flex group (7.1%) than in the Classic group (23.9%) (p=0.034).ConclusionsUse of Pipeline Flex significantly reduces the total procedure and fluoroscopy time, contrast usage, patient radiation exposure, and proportion of recaptured devices in comparison with the Pipeline Classic, probably owing to an enhanced delivery system that allows for more reliable and controlled deployment.
A pilot study and novel angiographic classification for superior sagittal sinus stenting in patients with non-thrombotic intracranial venous occlusive disease
Authors: Raper Daniel M S , Buell Thomas J , Ding Dale , Pomeraniec I Jonathan , Crowley R Webster , Liu Kenneth C 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveSafety and efficacy of superior sagittal sinus (SSS) stenting for non-thrombotic intracranial venous occlusive disease (VOD) is unknown. The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to evaluate outcomes after SSS stenting.MethodsWe evaluated an institutional database to identify patients who underwent SSS stenting. Radiographic and clinical outcomes were analyzed and a novel angiographic classification of the SSS was proposed.ResultsWe identified 19 patients; 42% developed SSS stenosis after transverse sinus stenting. Pre-stent maximum mean venous pressure (MVP) in the SSS of 16.2 mm Hg decreased to 13.1 mm Hg after stenting (p=0.037). Preoperative trans-stenosis pressure gradient of 4.2 mm Hg decreased to 1.5 mm Hg after stenting (p<0.001). No intraprocedural complication or junctional SSS stenosis distal to the stent construct was noted. Improvement in headache, tinnitus, and visual obscurations was reported by 66.7%, 63.6%, and 50% of affected patients, respectively, at mean follow-up of 5.2 months. We divided the SSS into four anatomically equal segments, numbered S1–S4, from the torcula to frontal pole. SSS stenosis typically occurs in the S1 segment, and the anterior extent of SSS stents was deployed at the S1–S2 junction in all but one case.ConclusionsSSS stenting is reasonably safe, may improve clinical symptoms, and significantly reduces maximum MVP and trans-stenosis pressure gradients in patients with VOD with SSS stenosis. The S1 segment is most commonly stenotic, and minimum pressure gradients for symptomatic SSS stenosis may be lower than for transverse or sigmoid stenosis. Additional studies and follow-up are necessary to better elucidate appropriate clinical indications and long-term efficacy of SSS stenting.
Fruiting Bodies ofAntrodia cinnamomeaand Its Active Triterpenoid, Antcin K, Ameliorates N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Hepatic Inflammation, Fibrosis and Carcinogenesis in Rats
Authors: Tien An-Jan , Chien Chen-Yen , Chen Yueh-Hsi , Lin Lung-Chin , Chien Chiang-Ting 
Published: January 2017

Antrodia cinnamomea (A. cinnamomea), a popular medicinal mushroom in Taiwan, is widely used to prevent or treat liver diseases. Systematic studies on the anti-inflammatory effect of A. cinnamomea and its molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully investigated. HPLC fingerprint analysis identified seven ergostane-type triterpenoids from A. cinnamomea water extract (ACW), including high amounts of Antcin K (AC), Antcin C, Antcin H, Dehydrosulphurenic acid, Antcin B, Antcin A and Dehydroeburicoic acid. Here, we explored the effects and mechanisms of ACW and the highest content AC on N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) induced liver inflammation, fibrosis and carcinogenesis in rats. In the in vitro study, we measured how ACW and AC dose-dependently scavenged O[Formula: see text], H2O2and HOCl by a chemiluminescence analyzer. In the in vivo experiment, oral intake ACW and AC significantly inhibited DEN-enhanced hepatocellular inflammation, fibrosis and carcinoma by pathologic observation, the elevated bile and liver reactive oxygen species (ROS) amounts, plasma [Formula: see text]-glutamyl transpeptidase, and oxidative stress including 3-nitrotyrosine, 4-hydroxynonenal and Kuppfer cell infiltration (ED-1 stains) in the inflammatory livers. DEN enhanced nuclear factor-[Formula: see text]B (NF-[Formula: see text]B) translocation, whereas ACW and AC suppressed DEN-enhanced NF-[Formula: see text]B translocation through the inhibition of its upstream signaling of p85/phosphoinositide-3-kinase, mitogen activated protein kinase and CYP2E1 expression. In conclusion, DEN can induce hepatocellular inflammation, fibrosis and carcinoma by increasing NF-[Formula: see text]B translocation to the nucleus, and oxidative injury. ACW and its active component, Antcin K, counteract DEN-induced hepatic injury and inflammation by the protective and therapeutic mechanisms of a direct scavenging ROS activity and an upregulation of anti-oxidant defense mechanisms.