bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating risk literacy into brand management
Authors: Florea Dorian-Laurentiu , Munteanu Claudiu-Catalin , Postoaca Alexandra-Elena 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to integrate brand equity into companies’ overall risk assessment by suggesting a methodology of evaluating the relevant aspects of brand risk.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a theoretical framework which discriminates between brand assets, brand strength and brand value, this paper set two alternative directions that can be followed to assess brand risk: a financial direction, which accounts on brand value, and a marketing direction, which stresses on brand assets and brand strength. Following the latter one, this paper provides mathematical formulas which contain specific factors of volatility that can be integrated in a future scoring system.

Findings
This paper proposes four major risks that need to be considered when evaluating brand assets risk: reputational risk, presence risk, loyalty risk and halo effect risk. This paper provides an evaluation methodology for each one. In addition, a 12-step implementation model is proposed as a managerial guideline for integrating brand risk in the companies’ risk management.

Originality/value
This paper emphasizes the importance of considering brand equity as a potential source of risk and thus integrating it into risk management. Also, we continue Abrahams’ pioneer work on adding risk literacy into brand management.
Health literacy and information literacy: a concept comparison
Authors: Lawless Jane , Toronto Coleen E. , Grammatica Gail L. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare health and information literacy with a focus on how the development of these concepts within two disciplines (nursing and library/information science) impacts librarian/nurse educator shared understanding.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a modified concept comparison method. The comparison, grounded in two seminal concept analysis articles, identifies common and unique antecedents, attributes and consequences of each concept.FindingsHealth and information literacy share common antecedents and attributes: literacy, health or information need, comprehension, decision-making and degree of technological competency. Unique to health literacy is an emphasis on interactive communication and unique to information literacy is a focus on discovery and search skills.Research limitations/implicationsThis concept comparison uses a snapshot approach rather than a full literature review. This work suggests further research into health literacy and information literacy as related concepts in the literature and how multidisciplinary concept comparison can be effectively framed.Practical implicationsLibrarians and nurse educators collaborating on complex concepts such as these should use available definitions, and evidence, to reach shared understanding. Librarians are encouraged to communicate with database developers to address questions and inconsistencies in subject headings.Originality/valueThis paper presents the first concept comparison of health and information literacy using the concept comparison method – an adaptation of concept analysis methods frequently used in nursing literature, developed by Walker and Avant, Rodgers and Knafl and others.
Frequency dependence of anisotropy in fluid saturated rocks – Part I: aligned cracks case
Authors: Collet Olivia , Gurevich Boris 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTA major cause of attenuation in fluid‐saturated media is the local fluid flow (or squirt flow) induced by a passing wave between pores of different shapes and sizes. Several squirt flow models have been derived for isotropic media. For anisotropic media however, most of the existing squirt flow models only provide the low‐ and high‐frequency limits of the saturated elastic properties. We develop a new squirt flow model to account for the frequency dependence of elastic properties and thus gain some insight into velocity dispersion and attenuation in anisotropic media. In this paper, we focus on media containing aligned compliant pores embedded in an isotropic background matrix. The low‐ and high‐frequency limits of the predicted fluid‐saturated elastic properties are respectively consistent with Gassmann theory and Mukerji–Mavko squirt flow model. Results are also expressed in terms of Thomsen anisotropy parameters. It turns out that the P‐wave anisotropy parameter ε tends to zero in the high‐frequency limit, whereas the δ parameter remains the only indicator of P‐S⊥ anisotropy. The S‐wave anisotropy parameter γ is not affected by the presence of fluid and remains the same for all frequency ranges. A new definition for attenuation anisotropy parameters is also proposed to quantify the attenuation anisotropy. In the most important case of liquid saturation, analytical expressions are derived for elastic properties, velocity anisotropy parameters, quality factors, and attenuation anisotropy parameters. A companion paper considers the case of cracks with an ellipsoidal distribution of orientations resulting from the application of anisotropic stress.
Integrated geophysical and hydromechanical assessment for CO2 storage: shallow low permeable reservoir sandstones
Authors: Falcon‐Suarez Ismael , North Laurence , Amalokwu Kelvin , Best Angus 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTGeological reservoirs can be structurally complex and can respond to CO2 injection both geochemically and geomechanically. Hence, predicting reservoir formation behaviour in response to CO2 injection and assessing the resulting hazards are important prerequisites for safe geological CO2 storage. This requires a detailed study of thermal‐hydro‐mechanical‐chemical coupled phenomena that can be triggered in the reservoir formation, most readily achieved through laboratory simulations of CO2 injection into typical reservoir formations. Here, we present the first results from a new experimental apparatus of a steady‐state drainage flooding test conducted through a synthetic sandstone sample, simulating real CO2 storage reservoir conditions in a shallow (∼1 km), low permeability ∼1mD, 26% porosity sandstone formation. The injected pore fluid comprised brine with CO2 saturation increasing in steps of 20% brine/CO2 partial flow rates up to 100% CO2 flow. At each pore fluid stage, an unload/loading cycle of effective pressure was imposed to study the response of the rock under different geomechanical scenarios. The monitoring included axial strains and relative permeability in a continuous mode (hydromechanical assessment), and related geophysical signatures (ultrasonic P‐wave and S‐wave velocities Vp and Vs, and attenuations Qp−1 and Qs−1, respectively, and electrical resistivity). On average, the results showed Vp and Vs dropped ∼7% and ∼4% respectively during the test, whereas Qp−1 increased ∼55% and Qs−1 decreased by ∼25%. From the electrical resistivity data, we estimated a maximum CO2 saturation of ∼0.5, whereas relative permeability curves were adjusted for both fluids. Comparing the experimental results to theoretical predictions, we found that Gassmann's equations explain Vp at high and very low CO2 saturations, whereas bulk modulus yields results consistent with White and Dutta–Odé model predictions. This is interpreted as a heterogeneous distribution of the two pore fluid phases, corroborated by electrical resistivity tomography images. The integration of laboratory geophysical and hydromechanical observations on representative shallow low‐permeable sandstone reservoir allowed us to distinguish between pure geomechanical responses and those associated with the pore fluid distribution. This is a key aspect in understanding CO2 injection effects in deep geological reservoirs associated with carbon capture and storage practices.
Laboratory measurements of the effect of fluid saturation on elastic properties of carbonates at seismic frequencies
Authors: Mikhaltsevitch Vassily , Lebedev Maxim , Gurevich Boris 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTA significant portion of the world's hydrocarbon reserves are found in carbonate reservoirs, yet analysis of the petrophysical properties of these reservoirs is associated with a number of challenges. Some of these challenges stem from physical and chemical interactions between the carbonate rock matrix and pore fluids, which can affect elastic properties of the rock. Hence, the study of the pore fluid effects on the elastic properties of carbonates is important for understanding a change of the field performance properties of а carbonate reservoir caused by fluid movements during hydrocarbon extraction in producing fields. In this laboratory study, we investigate the applicability of Gassmann's model for predictions of the elastic moduli of water‐ and hydrocarbon‐saturated Savonnières limestone and the influence of partial water saturation on elastic and anelastic properties of the rock. We present the results of two sets of laboratory experiments on the Savonnières oolitic limestone where we: (i) evaluate the effect of full water and n‐decane saturation on elastic moduli and attenuation at seismic (0.1 Hz–120 Hz) and ultrasonic (0.5 MHz) frequencies; and (ii) quantify the dependence of elastic moduli and extensional attenuation on water saturation at two seismic frequencies of 1 Hz and 10 Hz. We demonstrate that the change in the bulk modulus of limestone fully saturated either with n‐decane or water is in agreement with Gassmann's fluid substitution theory, whereas the shear modulus is noticeably reduced. The measurements with partial saturation show that the bulk modulus decreases with increasing water saturation to a lesser extent than the Young's and shear moduli. Our results show that extensional attenuation in the samples with closed boundaries is insignificant under dry and fully saturated conditions but is influenced greatly by the liquid content when saturation is between 0 and 20% or 95% and 100%.
The Potential of Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) and Gas Chromatography‐IRMS Analysis of Triacetone Triperoxide in Forensic Explosives Investigations
Authors: Bezemer Karlijn D. B. , Koeberg Mattijs , van der Heijden Antoine E. D. M. , van Driel Chris A. , Blaga Cornelia , Bruinsma Jildert , van Asten Arian C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStudying links between triacetone triperoxide (TATP) samples from crime scenes and suspects can assist in criminal investigations. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and gas chromatography (GC)‐IRMS were used to measure the isotopic compositions of TATP and its precursors acetone and hydrogen peroxide. In total, 31 TATP samples were synthesized with different raw material combinations and reaction conditions. For carbon, a good differentiation and a linear relationship were observed for acetone–TATP combinations. The extent of negative (δ13C) fractionation depended on the reaction yield. Limited enrichment was observed for the hydrogen isotope (δ2H) values of the TATP samples probably due to a constant exchange of hydrogen atoms in aqueous solution. For oxygen (δ18O), the small isotopic range and excess of water in hydrogen peroxide resulted in poor differentiation. GC‐IRMS and IRMS data were comparable except for one TATP sample prepared with high acid concentration demonstrating the potential of compound‐specific isotope analysis. Carbon IRMS has practical use in forensic TATP investigations.
Petechial Hemorrhages and Ethanol in Deaths from Intoxication
Authors: Flaagøy Siren Helen , Morild Inge , Mæhle Bjørn Ove , Lilleng Peer Kaare 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPetechiae in conjunctivae and in the palpebrae/skin of the eyelids are of particular interest for the forensic pathologist, because of their association with pressure on the neck. They have been described in the eyelids of intoxicated persons both in case reports and in text books of forensic pathology. We studied 590 deaths caused by intoxication, and 75 had petechiae either in the conjunctivae, the eyelids, or in both locations. We examined the influence of drugs and ethanol on the location of the petechial hemorrhages in these deaths. Deaths with ethanol in blood and in urine/vitreous humor more often had petechiae in both locations than those without. This association was statistically significant, independent of body position and livor mortis. No association between the location of petechiae, medicinal drugs, or narcotics was found. These results suggest that ethanol may contribute to the development of petechial hemorrhages in deaths from intoxication.
Hesitation Wounds and Sharp Force Injuries in Forensic Pathology and Psychiatry: Multidisciplinary Review of the Literature and Study of Two Cases
Authors: Karakasi Maria‐Valeria , Nastoulis Evangelos , Kapetanakis Stylianos , Vasilikos Epameinondas , Kyropoulos Grigorios , Pavlidis Pavlos 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to showcase the significant diagnostic value of hesitation wounds in terms of forensic, psychiatric, and medicolegal interest. A number of studies were reviewed to update and summarize the relevant literature on the incidence, distribution, character, and function of hesitation wounds as well as the sociodemographic variables and psychopathology of the inducers. This study also investigates their importance as a forensic criterion in the distinction between suicide and homicide as well as a psychiatric diagnostic tool in suicide prevention. In addition, the paper reports two new cases. Results conclude that there is equal incidence, but different distribution of hesitation wounds between genders. Furthermore, the low dispersion of hesitation wounds contrasts with the high dispersion of defense wounds. The inducers' psychopathology lies principally in Axis I disorders. Finally, there is a comprehensive analysis of non‐suicidal self‐injury and the role of self‐wounding in suicide prevention.
Antimelanogenesis Activity of Hydrolyzed Ginseng Extract (GINST) via Inhibition of JNK Mitogen‐activated Protein Kinase in B16F10 Cells
Authors: Han Joon‐Seung , Sung Jong Hwan , Lee Seung Kwon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGINST is a hydrolyzed ginseng extract produced by an in vitro process that imitates the metabolic function of bacteria in the human digestive track and has approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea for the management of postprandial hyperglycemia. Additionally, GINST has been reported to have other physiological functions including anti‐aging and antioxidant effects. The objectives of this study are to compare the antimelanogenic effects of fresh ginseng extract (FGE) and GINST extract and to elucidate the functional mechanism. The concentration of total ginsenosides in FGE and GINST was measured using ultraperformance liquid chromatography with a C18 column. B16F10 cells were treated with FGE and GINST for 72 h to assess melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and protein levels of microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TRP‐1). The activity of kinases involved in mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, such as extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (p38), were measured using western blots. While neither FGE nor GINST inhibited the activity of mushroom tyrosinase directly, GINST decreased melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity markedly. Furthermore, our results indicate that GINST downregulated the levels of MITF and TRP‐1 possibly by suppressing JNK signaling. We concluded that, when compared to FGE, GINST has a superior antimelanogenic effect mediated by the downregulation of MITF, TRP‐1, and intracellular tyrosinase activity via the JNK signaling pathway. Thus, we suggest that GINST has the potential to be used as a novel skin whitening agent.
Nitrogen and water supplies affect peach tree–green peach aphid interactions: the key role played by vegetative growth
Authors: Rousselin Aurélie , Sauge Marie‐Hélène , Jordan Marie‐Odile , Vercambre Gilles , Lescourret Françoise , Bevacqua Daniele 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

The availabilities of water and nitrogen resources are among the main abiotic factors modifying plant physiology and growth. Consequently, via bottom‐up processes, they also can have an impact on the performance of herbivorous insects. However, the extent to which the modification of plant growth is responsible for such an impact remains unclear.
We conducted a factorial experiment quantifying Myzus persicae aphid abundance and the vegetative growth of Prunus persica peach tree shoots under contrasting levels of nitrogen and water supplies. We used a hierarchical analysis of multiple regression models to determine whether the consequences of the availability of nitrogen and water on aphid abundance could be the result of a modification of plant growth.
Maximum aphid abundance was achieved under nitrogen and water comfort conditions. The best model explaining variance in aphid abundance took into account vegetative growth and water supply, as well as their interaction.
The results of the present study suggest that a higher nitrogen supply increases aphid abundance by fostering plant growth. Additionally, the positive response of aphid abundance to vegetative growth is lower in the case of water restriction because, under such conditions, aphids cannot take full advantage of tree vigour. Such a result provides new insights into aphid control in agriculture, as well as on the possible effects of climate change.
Chemical Coding of Sensory Neurons Supplying the Hip Joint Capsule in the Sheep
Authors: Dudek A. , Sienkiewicz W. , Chrószcz A. , Janeczek M. , Kaleczyc J. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryImmunohistochemical properties of nerve fibres supplying the joint capsule were previously described in many mammalian species, but the localization of sensory neurons supplying this structure was studied only in laboratory animals, the rat and rabbit. However, there is no comprehensive data on the chemical coding of sensory neurons projecting to the hip joint capsule (HJC). The aim of this study was to establish immunohistochemical properties of sensory neurons supplyingHJCin the sheep. The study was carried out on 10 sheep, weighing about 30–40 kg. The animals were injected with a retrograde neural tracer Fast Blue (FB) intoHJC. Sections of the spinal ganglia (SpG) withFB‐positive (FB+) neurons were stained using antibodies against calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) substance P (SP), pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide (PACAP), nitric oxide synthase (n‐NOS), neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), Leu‐5‐enkephalin (Leu‐Enk), galanin (GAL) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VACHT). The vast majority ofFB+ neurons supplyingHJCwas found in the ganglia from the 5th lumbar to the 2nd sacral. Immunohistochemistry revealed that most of these neurons were immunoreactive toCGRPorSP(80.7 ± 8.0% or 56.4 ± 4.8%, respectively) and many of them stained forPACAPorGAL(52.9 ± 2.9% or 50.6 ± 19.7%, respectively). Other populations ofFB+ neurons were those immunoreactive to n‐NOS(37.8 ± 9.7%),NPY(34.6 ± 6.7%),VIP(28.7 ± 4.8%), Leu‐Enk (27.1 ± 14.6) andVACHT(16.7 ± 9.6).
A review of the mechanisms of cone degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Narayan Daniel S. , Wood John P. M. , Chidlow Glyn , Casson Robert J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited condition that features degeneration of rod and cone photoreceptors. In all forms of RP, the genetic mutation is expressed exclusively in rods; however, cones die too. The secondary death of cones in RP remains somewhat mysterious. A better understanding of the mechanisms that cause cone degeneration in RP could lead to novel treatments that preserve cones. There are a number of prevailing theories that attempt to explain cone degeneration in RP. One concept is that cone survival is dependent on trophic factors produced by rods. Another hypothesis is that cones suffer from a nutrient shortage after rods have been lost. Additionally, oxidative stress and pro‐inflammatory microglial activation have also been suggested to play a role in cone death. The present review evaluates the evidence supporting these theories and provides an update on the mechanisms of cone degeneration in RP.
Sternotomy versus video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery for thymectomy of myasthenia gravis patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Gung Yingtsai , Zhang Hanlu , Li Shizhu , Wang Yun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractsIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to compare thymectomy by video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and trans‐sternal thymectomy (TS) for myasthenia gravis patients.MethodsA meta‐analysis was conducted to compare thoracoscopic surgery and sternotomy for myasthenia gravis patients with regard to long‐term effect and short‐term safety.ResultsA total of 23 trials were included in our research. No significant differences were detected with regard to myasthenic crisis, wound infection, and muscle weakness improvement. VATS led to less blood loss than TS (standardized mean difference, −1.233; 95% confidence interval, −1.425–−1.041;P < 0.001), less risk of pulmonary infection (relative risk, 1.035; 95% confidence interval, 1.001–1.070;P = 0.043), and a shorter hospital stay. TS had a shorter operative time than VATS (standardized mean difference, 0.239; 95% confidence interval, 0.113–0.365;P < 0.001). VATS and TS achieved similar mean specimen weights and complete stable remission rates.ConclusionBased on the results of this meta‐analysis of retrospective cohort studies, VATS increases surgical safety and achieves an equal surgical efficacy to TS, but TS has a shorter operative time.
Conjunctival myxoma in a dog: clinical and histopathological features
Authors: Barsotti G , Rocchigiani G , Millanta F 
Published: June 2016

Case reportA 9‐year‐old male Bull Terrier was presented for a 3‐month history of a progressive, non‐painful conjunctival mass of the right eye. The mass was exophytic and located in the temporal bulbar conjunctiva. No adhesion to the sclera was detected. A presumptive clinical diagnosis of a conjunctival neoplasia was made. Complete physical and ophthalmological examinations of the dog, as well as complete blood count, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, thoracic radiography, echocardiography and abdominal ultrasonography, were performed. The mass was surgically removed and a double freeze–thaw cycle of cryotherapy was performed locally. Histological examination of the removed tissue showed a well‐delineated, non‐encapsulated mass composed of spindle cells in loose myxomatous stroma. No nuclear atypia was observed in the tumour cells. A positive Alcian blue stain confirmed the mucin origin of the stroma. Tumour cells stained positive on immunohistochemistry for vimentin and negative for cytokeratins. A diagnosis was made of conjunctival myxoma. No evidence of local recurrence or distant metastases was identified during the 24‐month follow‐up period.ConclusionTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on a conjunctival myxoma in dogs.