bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kappa‐opioid receptors differentially regulate low and high levels of ethanol intake in female mice
Authors: Van't Veer Ashlee , Smith Karen L. , Cohen Bruce M. , Carlezon William A. , Bechtholt Anita J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionStudies in laboratory animals and humans indicate that endogenous opioids play an important role in regulating the rewarding value of various drugs, including ethanol (EtOH). Indeed, opioid antagonists are currently a front‐line treatment for alcoholism in humans. Although roles for mu‐ and delta‐opioid receptors have been characterized, the contribution of kappa‐opioid receptors (KORs) is less clear. There is evidence that changes in KOR system function can decrease or increase EtOH drinking, depending on test conditions. For example, female mice lacking preprodynorphin – the precursor to the endogenous KOR ligand dynorphin – have reduced EtOH intake. Considering that KORs can regulate dopamine (DA) transmission, we hypothesized that KORs expressed on DA neurons would play a prominent role in EtOH intake in females.MethodsWe used a Cre/loxP recombination strategy to ablate KORs throughout the body or specifically on dopamine uptake transporter (DAT)‐expressing neurons to investigate the role of KORs on preference for and intake of EtOH (2‐bottle choice), the transition from moderate to excessive EtOH drinking (intermittent EtOH access), and binge EtOH drinking (drinking in the dark [DID]).ResultsKOR deletion decreased preference for EtOH, although this effect was less pronounced when EtOH intake increased beyond relatively low levels.DiscussionOur findings indicate that KOR activation increases EtOH drinking via effects mediated, at least in part, by KORs on DA neurons. While the mechanisms of this regulation remain unknown, previous work suggests that alterations in negative reinforcement processes or sensitivity to the sensory properties of EtOH can affect preference and intake.
The incidence of slow flow after rotational atherectomy of calcified coronary arteries: A randomized study of low speed versus high speed
Authors: Sakakura Kenichi , Funayama Hiroshi , Taniguchi Yousuke , Tsurumaki Yoshimasa , Yamamoto Kei , Matsumoto Mitsunari , Wada Hiroshi , Momomura Shin‐ichi , Fujita Hideo 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this randomized trial was to compare the incidence of slow flow between low‐speed and high‐speed rotational atherectomy (RA) of calcified coronary lesions.BackgroundPreclinical studies suggest that slow flow is less frequently observed with low‐speed than high‐speed RA because of less platelet aggregation with low‐speed RA.MethodsThis was a prospective, randomized, single center study. A total of 100 patients with calcified coronary lesions were enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to low‐speed (140,000 rpm) or high‐speed (190,000 rpm) RA. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of slow flow following RA. Slow flow was defined as slow or absent distal runoff (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] flow grade ≤ 2).ResultsThe incidence of slow flow in the low‐speed group (24%) was the same as that in the high‐speed group (24%) (P = 1.00; odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.40–2.50). The frequencies of TIMI 3, TIMI 2, TIMI 1, and TIMI 0 flow grades were similar between the low‐speed (TIMI 3, 76%; TIMI 2, 14%; TIMI 1, 8%; TIMI 0, 2%) and high‐speed (TIMI 3, 76%; TIMI 2, 14%; TIMI 1, 10%; TIMI 0, 0%) groups (P = 0.77 for trend). The incidence of periprocedural myocardial infarction was the same between the low‐speed (6%) and high‐speed (6%) groups (P = 1.00).ConclusionsThis randomized trial did not show a reduction in the incidence of slow flow following low‐speed RA as compared with high‐speed RA (UMIN ID: UMIN000015702). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantifying spatially and temporally explicit CO2 fertilization effects on global terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics
Authors: Liu Shaoqing , Zhuang Qianlai , Chen Min , Gu Lianhong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCurrent terrestrial ecosystem models are usually driven with global average annual atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration data at the global scale. However, high‐precision CO2 measurement from eddy flux towers showed that seasonal, spatial surface atmospheric CO2 concentration differences were as large as 35 ppmv and the site‐level tests indicated that the CO2 variation exhibited different effects on plant photosynthesis. Here we used a process‐based ecosystem model driven with two spatially and temporally explicit CO2 data sets to analyze the atmospheric CO2 fertilization effects on the global carbon dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems from 2003 to 2010. Our results demonstrated that CO2 seasonal variation had a negative effect on plant carbon assimilation, while CO2 spatial variation exhibited a positive impact. When both CO2 seasonal and spatial effects were considered, global gross primary production and net ecosystem production were 1.7 Pg C·yr−1 and 0.08 Pg C·yr−1 higher than the simulation using uniformly distributed CO2 data set and the difference was significant in tropical and temperate evergreen broadleaf forest regions. This study suggests that the CO2 observation network should be expanded so that the realistic CO2 variation can be incorporated into the land surface models to adequately account for CO2 fertilization effects on global terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics.
Fit between decision mode and processing style predicts subjective value of chosen alternatives
Authors: Dijkstra Koen A. , van der Pligt Joop , van Kleef Gerben A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntuition is associated with a global processing style, whereas deliberation is associated with a local processing style. Drawing on previous research on the effects of decisional fit on the subjective value attached to chosen alternatives, we examined the possibility that a fit between processing style and decision mode results in greater subjective value than a lack of fit. In three experiments employing various combinations of naturally occurring and experimentally manipulated processing styles and decision modes, we found that when congruence was high (i.e., global processing style and intuitive judgment, or local processing style and deliberative judgment), participants judged their chosen item to be more expensive than when congruence was low. These findings indicate that increased fit resulted in higher estimated value. We discuss implications for judgment and decision‐making.
A Sensitive and Selective Nitrite Detection in Water Using Graphene/Platinum Nanocomposite
Authors: Vijayaraj Kathiresan , Jin Sung‐Ho , Park Deog‐Su 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA glassy carbon electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide and platinum nanocomposite film was developed simply by electrochemical method for the sensitive and selective detection of nitrite in water. The electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) efficiently eliminates oxygen‐containing functional groups. Pt nanoparticles were electrochemically and homogeneously deposited on the ErGO surface. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance‐fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to examine the surface morphology and electrocatalytic properties of the Pt‐ErGO nanocomposite film‐modified electrode surface. The fabricated nitrite sensor showed good electrochemical performance with two linear ranges; one from 5 to 100 µM (R2=0.9995) and the other from 100 to 1000 µM (R2=0.9972) and a detection limit of 0.22 µM. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for the detection of nitrite in tap water samples which proves performance of the Pt‐ErGO nanocomposite films.
Electrochemical Studies of Inclusion Complex Formed Between Glutathione and β‐cyclodextrin‐modified Carbon Electrodes and its Application for Determination of Glutathione
Authors: Martínez‐Sánchez Carolina , Torres‐Rodríguez Luz M. , García‐de la Cruz Ramón F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this work, the electrochemical determination of glutathione (GSH) using β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) modified carbon electrodes was carried out. Different methodologies were used to modify the electrodes. In the first part of this paper, we analyze and compare the ability of the electrodes to determine GSH using the different β‐CD‐modified electrodes and cyclic voltammetry. We found that the carbon paste electrode modified by potential sweeping was the best electrode for GSH determination; in addition, we found that an inclusion complex formed between β‐CD deposited on the electrode surface and GSH. The formation constant for this complex was 2498.54 M−1 at 25 °C. Furthermore, we have also calculated thermodynamic parameters for the formation of the inclusion complex. In the second part of this paper, we analyze the effect of sweep rate and pH on the determination of GSH. The best results were obtained at a rate of 50 mV s−1 and a pH of 2.2. The β‐CD‐modified carbon paste electrode exhibits a linear response in a concentration range of 20 to 157 µM with a sensitivity of 1083.65 µA mM−1cm−2 and a detection limit of 3.92 µM. Finally, the electrode was used to determine the GSH concentration in Eichhornia crassipes root extract, and the concentration determination accuracy was validated by a well‐known spectroscopic method.
Rapid and Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Carbaryl Based on Enzyme Inhibition and Thiocholine Oxidation Mediated by a Ruthenium(III) Complex
Authors: Fang Chiew San , Oh Kyung Hwan , Park Jin Kyoon , Yang Haesik 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the electrochemical detection method for pesticides that measures their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterases (AChEs), the direct electrooxidation of the enzyme product (thiocholine, SCh) is slow at conventional electrodes. To overcome this limitation, an electron mediator is required to lower the applied potential and facilitate the transfer of electrons between the enzyme product and electrode. In this study, [Ru(NH3)5py]3+ is introduced as an electron mediator in inhibition‐based pesticide detection. To obtain a better signal‐to‐background ratio, [Ru(NH3)5py]3+, which undergoes a fast outer‐sphere reaction, is combined with low‐electrocatalytic indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) electrodes at which many interfering species undergo slow redox reactions. AChE is immobilized onto an avidin‐modified ITO electrode via the direct adsorption of avidin onto ITO followed by the biospecific binding of biotinylated AChE to the avidin. SCh is generated from acetylthiocholine by AChE. Subsequently, SCh converts [Ru(NH3)5py]3+ to [Ru(NH3)5py]2+, which is then oxidized at the ITO electrode. This procedure allows the sensitive detection of carbaryl at a low applied potential of 0.15 V vs Ag/AgCl. The calculated detection limit for carbaryl is approximately 0.3 pM. This simple and sensitive pesticide sensor is thus very promising and should be extendable to the onsite environmental monitoring of other pesticides.
Design of Micro‐interdigitated Electrodes and Detailed Impedance Data Analysis for Label‐free Biomarker Quantification
Authors: Jayasooriya Vidura , Nawarathna Dharmakeerthi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractElectrical impedance based biosensing is a label‐free technique that is gaining momentum in biology/medicine. The electrical impedance, typically measured using an array of micro‐fabricated interdigitated electrode array (IDE), is a byproduct of the interaction between electric fields and target bio‐molecules/cells. In current impedance based biosensing, it has been focused on utilizing the magnitude of the impedance (|Z|) to detect/quantify bio‐molecules. There were no reports on designing IDE electrodes, sensitivity analysis and detailed impedance data analysis. To address this issue, we have designed and fabricated IDE array and performed model experiments. We have found that depending on the frequency of the external electric potential, there is a variation of electric field across the array of IDEs from first pair to last pair. We then developed impedance data analysis technique (using (|Z|) and its phase (φ)) to analyze the complex impedance data, and finally, we have utilized Warburg theoretical circuit model to calculate the capacitance and resistance of the individual IDE pairs in the constant phase impedance region. Using the capacitance values, we have developed a procedure to determine the sensitivity of the IDE array. We have found that sensitivity of the IDE array does not depend on the sample conductivity.
Mitochondrial compromise in 3‐year old patas monkeys exposed in utero to human‐equivalent antiretroviral therapies
Authors: Liu Yongmin , Shim Park Eunwoo , Gibbons Alexander T. , Shide Eric D. , Divi Rao L. , Woodward Ruth A. , Poirier Miriam C. 
Published: July 2016

Antiretroviral (ARV) drug therapy, given during pregnancy for prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1), induces fetal mitochondrial dysfunction in some children. However, the persistence/reversibility of that dysfunction is unclear. Here we have followed Erythrocebus patas (patas) monkey offspring for up to 3 years of age (similar in development to a 15‐year old human) after exposure of the dams to human‐equivalent in utero ARV exposure protocols. Pregnant patas dams (3–5/exposure group) were given ARV drug combinations that included zidovudine (AZT)/lamivudine (3TC)/abacavir (ABC), or AZT/3TC/nevirapine (NVP), for the last 10 weeks (50%) of gestation. Infants kept for 1 and 3 years also received drug for the first 6 weeks of life. In offpsring at birth, 1 and 3 years of age mitochondrial morphology, examined by electron microscopy (EM), was compromised compared to the unexposed controls. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), measured by hybrid capture chemiluminescence assay (HCCA) was depleted in hearts of patas exposed to AZT/3TC/NVP at all ages (P < 0.05), but not in those exposed to AZT/3TC/ABC at any age. Compared to unexposed controls, mitochondrial reserve capacity oxygen consumption rate (OCR by Seahorse) in cultured bone marrow mesenchymal fibroblasts from 3‐year‐old patas offspring was ∼50% reduced in AZT/3TC/ABC‐exposed patas (P < 0.01), but not in AZT/3TC/NVP‐exposed patas. Overall the data show that 3‐year‐old patas sustain persistent mitochondrial dysfunction as a result of perinatal ARV drug exposure. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:526–534, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dissociable relations between amygdala subregional networks and psychopathy trait dimensions in conduct‐disordered juvenile offenders
Authors: Aghajani Moji , Colins Olivier F. , Klapwijk Eduard T. , Veer Ilya M. , Andershed Henrik , Popma Arne , van der Wee Nic J. , Vermeiren Robert R.J.M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPsychopathy is a serious psychiatric phenomenon characterized by a pathological constellation of affective (e.g., callous, unemotional), interpersonal (e.g., manipulative, egocentric), and behavioral (e.g., impulsive, irresponsible) personality traits. Though amygdala subregional defects are suggested in psychopathy, the functionality and connectivity of different amygdala subnuclei is typically disregarded in neurocircuit‐level analyses of psychopathic personality. Hence, little is known of how amygdala subregional networks may contribute to psychopathy and its underlying trait assemblies in severely antisocial people. We addressed this important issue by uniquely examining the intrinsic functional connectivity of basolateral (BLA) and centromedial (CMA) amygdala networks in relation to affective, interpersonal, and behavioral traits of psychopathy, in conduct‐disordered juveniles with a history of serious delinquency (N = 50, mean age = 16.83 ± 1.32). As predicted, amygdalar connectivity profiles exhibited dissociable relations with different traits of psychopathy. Interpersonal psychopathic traits not only related to increased connectivity of BLA and CMA with a corticostriatal network formation accommodating reward processing, but also predicted stronger CMA connectivity with a network of cortical midline structures supporting sociocognitive processes. In contrast, affective psychopathic traits related to diminished CMA connectivity with a frontolimbic network serving salience processing and affective responding. Finally, behavioral psychopathic traits related to heightened BLA connectivity with a frontoparietal cluster implicated in regulatory executive functioning. We suggest that these trait‐specific shifts in amygdalar connectivity could be particularly relevant to the psychopathic phenotype, as they may fuel a self‐centered, emotionally cold, and behaviorally disinhibited profile. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4017–4033, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thioether Coordination Chemistry for Molecular Imaging of Copper in Biological Systems
Authors: Ramos‐Torres Karla M. , Kolemen Safacan , Chang Christopher J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCopper is an essential element in biological systems. Its potent redox activity renders it necessary for life, but at the same time, misregulation of its cellular pools can lead to oxidative stress implicated in aging and various disease states. Copper is commonly thought of as a static cofactor buried in protein active sites; however, evidence of a more loosely bound, labile pool of copper has emerged. To help identify and understand new roles for dynamic copper pools in biology, we have developed selective molecular imaging agents for this metal, drawing inspiration from both biological binding motifs and synthetic model complexes that reveal thioether coordination as a general design strategy for selective and sensitive copper recognition. In this review, we summarize some contributions, primarily from our own laboratory, on fluorescence‐ and magnetic resonance‐based molecular‐imaging probes for studying copper in living systems using thioether coordination chemistry.
Metallocorroles as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR)
Authors: Mahammed Atif , Gross Zeev 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the most important reaction in life processes and in energy transformation, such as fuel cells. Normally, the ORR in a fuel cell is very slow and a cathode ORR catalyst is needed to reach a practical usable level. Pt‐based materials are the most effective catalysts, but they are too expensive to make fuel cells commercially viable and hence extensive research has focused on developing alternative catalysts. First row transition metallocorroles are potent catalysts for many reactions, and they may eventually be used as true alternatives to the precious metals currently used. Regarding ORR, brominated cobalt corrole has been shown to operate almost as well as an industry standard platinum‐based catalyst. In this review, we would like to summarize the progress that has been made in this field.
AGILE SYSTEM‐SECURITY: SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS EVOLVE WITH THEIR ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Dove Rick 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis overview article and the accompanying essays lay groundwork for, and perspectives on, agile system‐security guidance for systems engineering. No expertise in security engineering is assumed or necessary to glean systems engineering value. With an agile attack environment, agile system‐security is necessary. Agile security is defined as both a resilient (reactive) and composable (proactive) capability to effectively address the unpredictable and ever‐evolving environment of adversarial attacker and attack methods – a systems‐engineered capability enabled by the system's architecture and design. This definition is agnostic to the type of system, and can encompass information systems, cyberphysical systems, physical systems, enterprise systems, social systems, and military systems. The systems engineering community is addressed with considerations felt necessary for next‐generation agile security, enabled by thoughtful systems engineering.
ANTS™: A BIOLOGICALLY‐INSPIRED MODEL FOR AGILE CYBER DEFENSE
Authors: Crane Earl 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTCurrent cyber security defenses are failing from increased scale and complexity. Cyber defenders and executive leadership struggle to secure what matters most to prevent the next inevitable breach. For inspiration, we look to ants as a survivable and resilient ecosystem, defining an appetite for cyber risk, a model for distributed communication about what makes us nervous, and simple characteristics inspired by the ant for agile cyber defense.
SYSTEM‐AWARE CYBER SECURITY: A SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPROACH FOR ENHANCING CYBER SECURITY
Authors: Horowitz Barry M. , Lucero D. Scott 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis article highlights the importance of concurrently addressing process, people, and technology factors when conducting research related to new systems engineering concepts. In particular, an ongoing US Department of Defense‐sponsored, University of Virginia‐led cyber security research project is used as an example of how concurrent research activities provide value earlier in the technology design phase than otherwise would have occurred. The example project focuses on adding a new layer of protection for computer‐controlled physical systems. Through concurrent efforts, the research team developed a better a protection approach, resulting in better prospects for transition into use.
A PATH TOWARDS CYBER RESILIENT AND SECURE SYSTEMS METRICS AND MEASURES
Authors: Dunlap Holly 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTA holistic and defense in depth approach to program protection must be taken to increase system survivability. Systems security engineers (SSE) work with security specialty subject matter experts in specialties such as cyber security, software and hardware assurance, supply chain, anti‐tamper and general program security to integrate a security perspective throughout the systems engineering process and product development lifecycle.Today security specialties have varying methods, metrics, and measures to evaluate their threats, vulnerabilities, and likelihood of impact to the system's operational mission. This variability causes significant challenges throughout the system development lifecycle starting with articulating customer system security requirements to validating and verifying countermeasure implementation effectiveness to achieve acceptable levels of risk mitigation. To manage, balance, and conduct risk based trades, SSEs need a common metric with a common scale to evaluate security quality system attributes.This article explores concepts for consideration, which include establishing a common system security risk metric, integrating cyber resilient design within the system architecture, and methods for proving system security. These concepts apply to each security specialty and each security specialty contributes to the overall survivability of a system.
ARCHITECTING COMPOSABLE SECURITY
Authors: Dōne Brian K. , Willett Keith D. , Benjamin Bruce P. , Sterne Dan F. , Tally Gregg W. , Viel David W. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTCyber adversaries' reuse similar tools and techniques. Cyberspace‐attack response times are currently too slow because existing response solutions require humans in the loop. Many cyber alerts are never analyzed due to lack of available analyst time, which enable attacks to gain a deeper penetration before detection and remediation. Today's existing cyber defense approaches cannot be scaled due to the labor‐intensive nature. Integrated Adaptive Cyberspace Defense (IACD) seeks to improve cyber security automation, increase information sharing, and encourage interoperability between commercial tools to achieve composable security where the right tools are engaged at the right time for the right reasons.