bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bodies, sexualities and women leaders in popular culture: from spectacle to metapicture
Authors: Bell Emma , Sinclair Amanda 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This paper focuses on visual representation of women leaders and how women leaders’ bodies and sexualities are rendered visible in particular ways.

Design/methodology/approach
The arguments are based on a reading of the Danish television drama series, Borgen. The authors interpret the meaning of this text and consider what audiences might gain from watching it.

Findings
The analysis of Borgen highlights the role of popular culture in resisting patriarchal values and enabling women to reclaim leadership.

Originality/value
The metaphor of the spectacle enables explanation of the representation of women leaders in popular culture as passive, fetishised objects of the masculine gaze. These pervasive representational practices place considerable pressure on women leaders to manage their bodies and sexualities in particular ways. However, popular culture also provides alternative representations of women leaders as embodied and agentic. The notion of the metapicture offers a means of destabilising confining notions of female leadership within popular culture and opening up alternatives.
Toward a research roadmap for construction mediation
Authors: Ilter Deniz , Irlayici Cakmak Pinar , Arici Ustuner Yaprak , Tas Elcin 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to outline the state-of-the-art and research contributions in the construction mediation domain to determine whether existing research is compatible with a future scenario envisioning a wider adoption and more systemised use of mediation in the construction industry and to develop a research agenda based on key challenges facing mediation.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic procedure based on keywords was adopted for the selection of relevant research contributions in the area, and a meta-classification framework has been designed based on independent classifications of the content, method and authorship to analyse the publications.

Findings
Research contributions in the past decade mostly focused on perceptions of professionals on mediation and the dynamics of the mediation process and mediator tactics. Based on the challenges identified, proposed research agenda includes court-connected mediation, mediation in public projects, project mediation, documentation of case studies of mediation applications and use of IT in mediation.

Research limitations/implications
The publications investigated in this study are limited to scholarly articles published in the mainstream construction management journals and can be expanded to books or articles published in law journals if required.

Originality/value
Existing literature includes important contributions regarding many aspects of construction mediation, however, a holistic agenda is lacking to overcome the key challenges to the widespread use of mediation in the construction sector. The research directions presented in this paper is expected to contribute to the proliferation of the neglected areas and constitute the basis for the development of a research roadmap in the construction mediation domain.
Construction mediation in Scotland
Authors: Trushell Ian , Clark Bryan , Agapiou Andrew 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to address the knowledge gap, by exploring the attitudes and experiences of mediators relative to the process, based on research with practitioners in Scotland. Recent research on construction mediation in Scotland has focused exclusively on construction lawyers’ and contractors’ interaction with the process, without reference to the views of mediators themselves.Design/methodology/approachThe entire research design of this research was constrained by the small population of practising Scottish construction mediators (thought to be circa. 20 in 2013). The design encompassed a literature search, participant interviews, questionnaire survey and qualitative and quantitative data. The research questionnaire was designed to capture data related to the biography, training and experience of those interviewed before their opinion on the benefits of, and problems with, mediation were sought.FindingsThe results indicate that mediations failed because of ignorance, intransigence and over-confidence of the parties. Barriers to greater use of mediation in construction disputes were identified as the lack of skilled, experienced mediators, the continued popularity of adjudication and both lawyer and party resistance. Notwithstanding the English experience, Scottish mediators gave little support for mandating disputants to mediate before proceeding with court action. A surprising number were willing to give an evaluation of the dispute rather than merely facilitating a settlement.Originality/valueThere are few experienced construction mediators in Scotland, and the continued popularity of statutory adjudication is a significant barrier. Mediators believe that clients’ negative perceptions of mediation are a bigger barrier than lawyers’ perceptions. The mediators wanted judicial encouragement for mediation backed by some legislative support, mediation clauses incorporated into construction contracts and government adoption of mediation as the default process in its own contracts.
Multilevel marketing and entrepreneurship in Thailand
Authors: Hatchaleelaha Somchai , Wongsurawat Winai 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this research is to trace the development of a major player in the health/wellness direct sales industry in Thailand and draw lessons about growth strategies and approaches in dealing with common entrepreneurial challenges.

Design/methodology/approach
In preparing the case study narrative, primary data from the direct experience of the company founder were combined with secondary sources of information on the landscape of direct sales industry in Thailand. Key lessons were developed from discussion and reflection on experiences of people involved in the development of the company.

Findings
A multi-billion baht, direct sales business with over 100,000 members was built from the ground up in a span of one decade. Recruiting and retaining members with the right level of entrepreneurial drive is a constant challenge for the growing venture. Incorporating new technology to help manage information about members, customers and stock will play a central role in creating future growth opportunities.

Research limitations/implications
The research represents a single case study so generalization is naturally limited.

Originality/value
Direct sales entails a considerable amount of stigma, resulting in a limited number of frank and detailed analysis of such businesses and their founding entrepreneurs. This study represents an attempt to fill this gap and will hopefully stimulate more investigation into a business model that appears to be thriving in many emerging economies in Southeast Asia.
Emerging market global business model innovation
Authors: Oyedele Adesegun 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
Developing a global business model requires a clear understanding of the market conditions in the global marketplace. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of emerging market conditions on the key building blocks of Osterwalder’s business model canvas.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper explains the basic framework of Osterwalder’s business model and evaluation of relevant dimensions of emerging market characteristics and the effect of these dimensions on creating global business models in emerging markets.

Findings
Global business models in emerging market must evaluate and account for important market conditions, such as the power of non-governmental institutions, the effect of clientelism and prevalence of informal institutional flux.

Practical implications
When developing a global business model, researchers and managers should understand market conditions will not only shape the cost structure and revenue stream but also make a company to change its value proposition entirely.

Originality/value
The main value of this paper is recognizing and assessing the effects of emerging market conditions on Osterwalder’s business model framework.
Prospects of microbial cell factories developed through systems metabolic engineering
Authors: Gustavsson Martin , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWhile academic‐level studies on metabolic engineering of microorganisms for production of chemicals and fuels are ever growing, a significantly lower number of such production processes have reached commercial‐scale. In this work, we review the challenges associated with moving from laboratory‐scale demonstration of microbial chemical or fuel production to actual commercialization, focusing on key requirements on the production organism that need to be considered during the metabolic engineering process. Metabolic engineering strategies should take into account techno‐economic factors such as the choice of feedstock, the product yield, productivity and titre, and the cost effectiveness of midstream and downstream processes. Also, it is important to develop an industrial strain through metabolic engineering for pathway construction and flux optimization together with increasing tolerance to products and inhibitors present in the feedstock, and ensuring genetic stability and strain robustness under actual fermentation conditions.
Stress tolerance in a novel system: Genetic and environmental sources of (co)variation for cold tolerance in the butterfly Eurema smilax
Authors: Andrew Samuel C. , Kemp Darrell J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe physiological ability to survive climatic extremes, such as low temperature, is a major determinant of species distribution. Research suggests that tropically restricted insect populations may possess low to zero variation in stress tolerance, thereby limiting any potential to adapt to colder climates. This paradigm derives largely from contrasts among Drosophila populations and species along the tropical–temperate cline of eastern Australia. Butterfly groups, such as the variously distributed representatives of the genus Eurema, offer opportunities to test the taxonomic breadth of this paradigm. We contribute here by investigating plasticity, repeatability and heritability (h2) for cold tolerance in Eurema smilax. This continentally widespread species (extending from the Torres Strait to the south coast of Victoria) offers an important comparative basis for evaluating stress tolerance in geographically restricted congenerics. We reared two generations of E. smilax under laboratory conditions and measured recovery from a chill‐coma assay, which is one of the commonly used methods for characterizing adult cold stress tolerance. Trials on F2s conducted over three consecutive days revealed individual repeatability (r = 0.405). However, recovery time decreased systematically across trials, which is characteristic of a phenotypically plastic ‘hardening’ response to prior cold exposure. Generalized linear modelling, wherein genetic variance was estimated via an ‘animal model’ approach, indicated no difference between sexes and no effect of body size, but a significant additive genetic term, corresponding to a heritability estimate of h2 = 0.414 ± 0.100. These data suggest significant adaptive potential for cold tolerance in E. smilax but show that individuals may also respond directly to extremes of cold via phenotypic plasticity. This indicates the potential to adapt to varied thermal extremes, which would be expected for a broadly distributed species that is resilient to climate change.
Comprehensive investigation of nucleotide diverdity in yaks
Authors: Yue Xiangpeng , Liang Yusheng , Liang Yulin , Li Fadi 
Published: July 2016

SummaryTo understand the maternal genetic diversity of Tianzhu white yak better, we analyzed mtDNA D‐loop sequences of 209 Tianzhu white yaks, which are from the central region of Tianzhu white yak habitat. Accordingly, a total of 45 haplotypes were identified in Tianzhu white yaks in this study, and 18 of them were unique. The nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity of population studied were 0.024 ± 0.003 and 0.946 ± 0.007 respectively, revealing that Tianzhu white yak possess a relatively high genetic diversity. The phylogenetic analysis, combining D‐loop sequences in this study with 533 previous published D‐loop sequences of 13 yak breeds, indicated that Tianzhu white yaks fell mainly into haplogroup A and that a small portion belonged to haplogroups B, C, D and E. Moreover, six haplotypes of 20 individuals identified in Tianzhu white yak were in the taurine haplogroup, indicating hybridization between Bos taurus and Tianzhu white yaks. In summary, this study supplies a comprehensive maternal genetic pattern for Tianzhu white yak and provides a basic reference for future breeding programs to conserve the purebred Tianzhu white yak.
Locus‐specific ancestry to detect recent response to selection in admixed Swiss Fleckvieh cattle
Authors: Khayatzadeh N. , Mészáros G. , Utsunomiya Y. T. , Garcia J. F. , Schnyder U. , Gredler B. , Curik I. , Sölkner J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIdentification of selection signatures is one of the current endeavors of evolutionary genetics. Admixed populations may be used to infer post‐admixture selection. We calculated local ancestry for Swiss Fleckvieh, a composite of Simmental (SI) and Red Holstein Friesian (RHF), to infer such signals. Illumina Bovine SNP50 BeadChip data for 300 admixed, 88 SI and 97 RHF bulls were used. The average RHF ancestry across the whole genome was 0.70. To identify regions with high deviation from average, we considered two significance thresholds, based on a permutation test and extreme deviation from normal distribution. Regions on chromosomes 13 (46.3–47.3 Mb) and 18 (18.7–25.9 Mb) passed both thresholds in the direction of increased SI. Extended haplotype homozygosity within (iHS) and between (Rsb) populations was calculated to explore additional patterns of pre‐ and post‐admixture selection signals. The Rsb score of admixed and SI was significant in a wide region of chromosome 18 (6.6–24.6 Mb) overlapped with one area of strong local ancestry deviation. FTO, with pleiotropic effect on milk and fertility, NOD2 on dairy and NKD1 and SALL1 on fertility traits are located there. Genetic differentiation of RHF and SI (Fst), an alternative indicator of pre‐admixture selection in pure populations, was calculated. No considerable overlap of peaks of local ancestry deviations and Fst was observed. We found two regions with significant signatures of post‐admixture selection in this very young composite, applying comparatively stringent significance thresholds. The signals cover relatively large genomic areas and did not allow pinpointing of the gene(s) responsible for the apparent shift in ancestry proportions.
Genetic diversity analyses reveal first insights into breed‐specific selection signatures within Swiss goat breeds
Authors: Burren A. , Neuditschko M. , Signer‐Hasler H. , Frischknecht M. , Reber I. , Menzi F. , Drögemüller C. , Flury C. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe used genotype data from the caprine 50k Illumina BeadChip for the assessment of genetic diversity within and between 10 local Swiss goat breeds. Three different cluster methods allowed the goat samples to be assigned to the respective breed groups, whilst the samples of Nera Verzasca and Tessin Grey goats could not be differentiated from each other. The results of the different genetic diversity measures show that Appenzell, Toggenburg, Valais and Booted goats should be prioritized in future conservation activities. Furthermore, we examined runs of homozygosity (ROH) and compared genomic inbreeding coefficients based on ROH (FROH) with pedigree‐based inbreeding coefficients (FPED). The linear relationship between FROH and FPED was confirmed for goats by including samples from the three main breeds (Saanen, Chamois and Toggenburg goats). FROH appears to be a suitable measure for describing levels of inbreeding in goat breeds with missing pedigree information. Finally, we derived selection signatures between the breeds. We report a total of 384 putative selection signals. The 25 most significant windows contained genes known for traits such as: coat color variation (MITF, KIT, ASIP), growth (IGF2, IGF2R, HRAS, FGFR3) and milk composition (PITX2). Several other putative genes involved in the formation of populations, which might have been selected for adaptation to the alpine environment, are highlighted. The results provide a contemporary background for the management of genetic diversity in local Swiss goat breeds.
Effectiveness of bevacizumab and cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer across selected public hospitals in Queensland
Authors: Chapman Suzannah J , McKavanagh Daniel , Burge Matthew E , McPherson Ian , Walpole Euan , Hollingworth Samantha A 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimMetastatic colorectal cancer has a large burden of disease in Australia. Medical therapy is fundamental to extending survival and improving quality of life. The benefits of two costly medicines, bevacizumab and cetuximab, used in Australia remain unclear. The aim of this study was to retrospectively examine the use of these two medicines in metastatic colorectal cancer across five public hospitals in south east Queensland and to compare clinical outcomes to those of published clinical trials.MethodsWe extracted data from the chemotherapy prescribing database for patients planned for bevacizumab or cetuximab therapy between 2009 and 2013. Median overall survival was estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods.ResultsThere were 490 bevacizumab‐containing protocols planned and 292 patients received at least one dose of bevacizumab. Median overall survival was 17.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.4–19.3). Of 208 planned cetuximab‐containing protocols, 134 patients received at least one dose of cetuximab. Median overall survival was 9.1 months (95% CI, 7.6–12.0). Thirty‐day mortality rates from date of first dose were 0.7% for bevacizumab and 7.5% for cetuximab.ConclusionOverall survival of patients receiving bevacizumab and cetuximab was consistent with clinical trials, providing some assurance that benefits seen in trials are observed in usual practice. This study provides a methodology of using routinely collected health data for clinical monitoring and research. Because of the high cost of these medicines and the lack of toxicity data in this study, further analysis in the postmarketing setting should be explored.
Growth hormone receptor isoforms and fracture risk in adult‐onset growth hormone‐deficient patients
Authors: Mormando M. , Chiloiro S. , Bianchi A. , Giampietro A. , Angelini F. , Tartaglione L. , Nasto L. , Milardi D. , Formenti A.M. , Giustina A. , De Marinis L. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIntroductionGrowth hormone deficiency is considered the most important factor determining skeletal fragility in hypopituitary patients. Osteoblasts and chondrocytes express growth hormone (GH) receptor. Two GH receptor isoforms (GHRi) have been identified: they differ for the presence/absence of a protein fragment encoded by exon 3 of GHR gene. Consequently, three genotypes were identified: carriers of both the full‐length proteins (flfl‐GHR), carriers of one full‐length protein and one deleted protein (fld3‐GHR) and carriers of both deleted proteins (d3d3‐GHR). This polymorphism confers a higher sensitivity to endogenous GH and to recombinant human GH (rhGH); its effect on bone metabolism and skeletal fragility is unknown. The aim of this article was to investigate the role of GHRi in predicting skeletal fragility in adult‐onset GHD (AO‐GHD) patients.Subjects and methodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted to investigate the association between the d3‐GHR isoform and the prevalence of morphometric vertebral fractures (VFs) in AO‐GHD. Ninety‐three AO‐GHD were enrolled. Forty‐nine patients carried flfl‐GHRi (52·7%), and 44 patients (47·3%) carried at least one allele of the d3‐GHR isoform. Thirty‐two VFs were documented. Fifty‐seven patients underwent rhGH replacement therapy.ResultsMedian age was significantly higher in fractured patients as compared to nonfractured ones; d3‐carrier patients showed a lower VF risk as compared to flfl‐GHRi (OR: 0·37, 95% IC: 0·24–0·55, P < 0·0001). This finding was also confirmed in AO‐GHD undergoing rhGH replacement therapy.ConclusionThis study suggests that d3‐GHR may protect AO‐GHD particularly when treated with rhGH from the risk of VFs.
Outcomes of 6.5‐mm Hydrophilic Implants and Long Implants Placed with Lateral Sinus Floor Elevation in the Atrophic Posterior Maxilla: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Clinical Comparison
Authors: Yu Huajie , Wang Xing , Qiu Lixin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundVery few controlled studies have compared short and long implants placed with appropriate sinus floor elevation techniques.PurposeTo compare the 2‐year outcomes of 6.5‐mm hydrophilic implants placed with osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) and standard implants placed with lateral sinus floor elevation in patients with a severely atrophic posterior maxilla.Materials and MethodsThirty‐eight patients with a residual bone height of 4–5 mm were randomized to receive one of the two above‐mentioned treatments. Intra‐ and postoperative complications were recorded. The implant survival rate, peri‐implant bone level, and periapical endosinus bone gain were assessed.ResultsOf the 80 inserted implants, one in the long implant group failed because of abscess formation. The peri‐implant bone level change (0.35 ± 0.60 mm vs 0.40 ± 0.71 mm) was not significantly different between the two groups. The endosinus bone gain was 2.94 ± 0.81 mm and 10.19 ± 0.95 mm in the short and long implant groups, respectively. No serious adverse events related to implant surgery were recorded.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the placement of 6.5‐mm short implants with OSFE is an effective alternative for the rehabilitation of a severely atrophic posterior maxilla.
Effect size for the main cognitive function determinants in a large cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mura T. , Amieva H. , Goldberg M. , Dartigues J.‐F. , Ankri J. , Zins M. , Berr C. 
Published: July 2016

Background and purpose
The aim of our study was to examine the effect sizes of different cognitive function determinants in middle and early old age.
Methods
Cognitive functions were assessed in 11 711 volunteers (45 to 75 years old), included in the French CONSTANCES cohort between January 2012 and May 2014, using the free and cued selective reminding test (FCSRT), verbal fluency tasks, digit–symbol substitution test (DSST) and trail making test (TMT), parts A and B. The effect sizes of socio‐demographic (age, sex, education), lifestyle (alcohol, tobacco, physical activity), cardiovascular (diabetes, blood pressure) and psychological (depressive symptomatology) variables were computed as omega‐squared coefficients (ω2; part of the variation of a neuropsychological score that is independently explained by a given variable).
Results
These sets of variables explained from R2 = 10% (semantic fluency) to R2 = 26% (DSST) of the total variance. In all tests, socio‐demographic variables accounted for the greatest part of the explained variance. Age explained from ω2 = 0.5% (semantic fluency) to ω2 = 7.5% (DSST) of the total score variance, gender from ω2 = 5.2% (FCSRT) to a negligible part (semantic fluency or TMT) and education from ω2 = 7.2% (DSST) to ω2 = 1.4% (TMT‐A). Behavioral, cardiovascular and psychological variables only slightly influenced the cognitive test results (all ω2 < 0.8%, most ω2 < 0.1%).
Conclusion
Socio‐demographic variables (age, gender and education) are the main variables associated with cognitive performance variations between 45 and 75 years of age in the general population.