bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Properties of Phenolic Compounds in Renewable Parts of Crataegus pinnatifida inferred from Seasonal Variations
Authors: Luo Meng , Yang Xuan , Hu Jiao‐Yang , Jiao Jiao , Mu Fan‐Song , Song Zhuo‐Yue , Gai Qing‐Yan , Qiao Qi , Ruan Xin , Fu Yu‐Jie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this study, the effect of seasonal variations on Crataegus pinnatifida, changes in antioxidant activity and active components in C. pinnatifida leaves, roots, twigs, and fruits from May to October were investigated. Through correlation analysis of climatic factors and 7 phenolic compounds yield, the phenolic compounds content was positively correlated with temperatures and daytime. The correlation coefficient of temperatures and daytime were 0.912 and 0.829, respectively. 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2′‐azino‐bis 3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging and reducing power tests were employed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the C. pinnatifida. C. pinnatifida leaves exhibited significant advantages in terms of higher phenolic contents and excellent antioxidant activities. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that 2 main PC characterize the C. pinnatifida phenolic composition (82.1% of all variance). C. pinnatifida leaves in September possessed remarkable antioxidant activity. The results elucidate that C. pinnatifida leaves, as renewable parts, are suitable for application as antioxidant ingredients.
Preparation of Methylated Products of A‐type Procyanidin Trimers in Cinnamon Bark and Their Protective Effects on Pancreatic β‐Cell
Authors: Chen Lu , Chen Liang , Wang Ting , Yuan Pulong , Chen Kaixian , Jia Qi , Wang Heyao , Li Yiming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPolyphenols are partial metabolized to methylated conjugations in vivo, and then could modify bioavailability and bioactivity related to the uptake of parent compounds. Our previous studies have found that the antidiabetic effects of cinnamon barks are mainly related to polyphenol components, particularly A‐type procyanidin trimer cinnamtannin‐1 (CT1). It is necessary to understand the antidiabetic activity of methylations of CT1, nevertheless, sufficient amounts of methylated CT1 are difficult to obtain from metabolites in vivo. In this study, O‐methyl derivatives of CT1 were prepared through one‐pot methyl iodide reaction and isolation via column chromatography and RP‐HPLC semipreparation. The structures of O‐methyl substituents were determined through NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and HPLC‐ESI‐MS (High‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry). Five purified O‐methyl substituents and 2 isomers of CT1 were obtained. Their protective effects on a palmitic acid‐induced pancreatic β‐cell apoptosis model were then evaluated. Results showed that the protective effects on pancreatic β‐cell of O‐methyl substituents were weaker than those of CT1. The results suggested that the methylation of catechol groups could be a relevant factor contributing to the decline of protective effects on pancreatic β‐cell of CT1 via obstructing quinone intermediate formation and affecting antioxidant abilities. The antidiabetic effects of O‐methyl derivatives of CT1 should be further determined by other antidiabetic models.
Sarcodon aspratus Extract Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐Induced Colitis in Mouse Colon and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes
Authors: Chung Min‐Yu , Hwang Jin‐Taek , Kim Jin Hee , Shon Dong‐Hwa , Kim Hyun‐Ku 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMushrooms have been previously investigated for their immune‐modulating and anti‐inflammatory properties. We examined whether the anti‐inflammatory properties of Sarcodon aspratus ethanol extract (SAE) could elicit protective effects against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in vivo. Male C57/BL6 mice were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: control (CON; n = 8), DSS‐treated (DSS; n = 9), DSS+SAE at 50 mg/kg BW (SAE50; n = 8), and DSS+SAE at 200 mg/kg BW groups (SAE200; n = 9). DSS treatment induced significant weight loss, which was significantly recovered by SAE200. Although SAE did not affect DSS‐mediated reductions in colon length, it improved diarrhea and rectal bleeding induced by DSS. SAE at 200 mg/kg BW significantly attenuated IL‐6 and enhanced IL‐10 expression in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and significantly reduced IL‐6 levels in splenocytes. SAE200 also significantly attenuated DSS‐induced increase in IL‐6 and IL‐1β, and reductions in IL‐10 in colon tissue. High levels of SAE were also observed to significantly decrease inflammatory COX‐2 expression that was upregulated by DSS in mice colon. These findings may have relevance for novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate inflammatory bowel disease‐relevant inflammatory responses, via the direct and indirect anti‐inflammatory activity of SAE. We also found that SAE harbors significant quantities of total fiber and β‐glucan, suggesting a possible role for these components in protection against DSS‐mediated colitis.
Sanity, “madness,” and the academy
Authors: Maclean Kate 
Published: April 2016

Key Messages

The “epidemic” of mental health crises in universities needs to be understood in the context of academic hierarchies and power dynamics.
Contradictory pressures are exerted on early career researchers by the collision of elitism and neoliberalism.
R. D. Laing's approach to mental illness can elucidate how the work culture of universities interacts with the experience of mental distress.
Bone recurrence rarely seen in endometrial cancer and review of the literature
Authors: Kimyon Gunsu , Karalok Alper , Basaran Derman , Ureyen Isin , Celik Mehmet , Tasci Tolga , Tulunay Gokhan , Turan Taner 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical findings and treatment results of patients with endometrial cancer (EC) who experienced initial recurrence or progression in bones.MethodsTen EC patients experiencing initial recurrence or disease progression in bones were included in the study. Disease recurrences located in a single bone and in more than one bone were defined as single localization bone recurrence (BR) and multiple localization BR, respectively. Time from initial surgery to BR was determined as disease‐free interval (DFI) and time from BR to death or last contact with a patient was described as post‐recurrence survival (PRS).ResultsSeven of 10 patients were asymptomatic. The median DFI was 13 months (range: 2–68). While eight patients had isolated BR, two patients also had concurrent extraosseous recurrences. Five patients had single and four patients had multiple localization BR. The most common sites for BR were the femur (55.5%) and vertebra (44.4%). Two‐year PRS was 37.5% in all patients and 50% in patients with endometrioid EC. None of the patients with non‐endometrioid type EC survived. In patients with multiple localization BR and with recurrence only occurred in the bones, two‐year PRS was 75% and 50%, respectively. None of the patients with BR with extraosseous involvement survived beyond two years. Two‐year PRS was 50% in patients without extraosseous dissemination, independent from localization.ConclusionThe BR rate was remarkable in asymptomatic EC survivors. A single bone was frequently involved. Little is known of the optimal treatment for metastatic bone disease in EC, thus, management should be individualized and patients should be encouraged to participate in clinical trials.
Ontogenetic and sexual characterization of the feeding habits of franciscanas, Pontoporia blainvillei, based on tooth dentin carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes
Authors: Troina Genyffer , Botta Silvina , Secchi Eduardo R. , Dehairs Frank 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe assessed the feeding habits of franciscanas (Pontoporia blainvillei) from southern Brazil through carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes measured in the tooth dentin of dolphins from different age classes. Generalized additive models were fitted to assess whether sex, age, and total body length explained changes in franciscanas isotope ratios. Bayesian isotope mixing models were applied to estimate the contributions of prey items, selected based on stomach content analysis (SCA), to franciscanas' diet. Different trophic enrichment factors (TEF) were applied and the results were compared using Bhattachayya's coefficient index to test for differences in model outputs and to define the best TEF for franciscanas. We found different relative importance of the main prey between the methods, and the contribution by squids could be lower than suggested by SCA. Because the dentin deposited during nursing seems to influence the isotopic ratios of juveniles, caution is recommended when interpreting dietary estimates based on whole tooth samples. This study is the first to characterize ontogenetic shifts in franciscanas' feeding habits using stable isotope analysis (SIA) and testing different TEF values. SIA and SCA complement each other in dietary studies, mitigating potential biases resulting from the use of each method separately.
Do Political Factors Cause the Regional Inequality in the Reform‐Era China?
Authors: He Qichun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe construct a political variable—the number of ministers of all national government departments born in each province weighted by provincial population—to examine its effect on economic growth in China during 1981–2010. We find that the lagged per capita political variable has a significant, positive effect on economic growth in both ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation and system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation. We also find that the lagged per capita political variable has a significant, positive effect on financial deregulation policies distributed across provinces, which offers a possible mechanism for the political variable to impact growth.
Reviewing the methodology of an integrative review
Authors: Hopia Hanna , Latvala Eila , Liimatainen Leena 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundWhittemore and Knafl's updated description of methodological approach for integrative review was published in 2005. Since then, the five stages of the approach have been regularly used as a basic conceptual structure of the integrative reviews conducted by nursing researchers. However, this methodological approach is seldom examined from the perspective of how systematically and rigorously the stages are implemented in the published integrative reviews.PurposeTo appraise the selected integrative reviews on the basis of the methodological approach according to the five stages published by Whittemore and Knafl in 2005.DesignA literature review was used in this study. CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health), PubMed, OVID (Journals@Ovid) and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for integrative reviews published between 2002 and 2014. Papers were included if they used the methodological approach described by Whittemore and Knafl, were published in English and were focused on nursing education or nursing expertise. A total of 259 integrative review publications for potential inclusion were identified.ResultsTen integrative reviews fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Findings from the studies were extracted and critically examined according to the five methodological stages. The reviews assessed followed the guidelines of the stated methodology approach to different extents. The stages of literature search, data evaluation and data analysis were fairly poorly formulated and only partially implemented in the studies included in the sample. The other two stages, problem identification and presentation, followed those described in the methodological approach quite well.ConclusionIncreasing use of research in clinical practice is inevitable, and therefore, integrative reviews can play a greater role in developing evidence‐based nursing practices. Because of this, nurse researchers should pay more attention to sound integrative nursing research to systematise the review process and make it more rigorous.
Assessing the Spread and Uptake of a Framework for Introducing and Evaluating Advanced Practice Nursing Roles
Authors: Boyko Jennifer A. , Carter Nancy , Bryant‐Lukosius Denise 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundHealth system researchers must ensure that the products of their work meet the needs of various stakeholder groups (e.g., patients, practitioners, and policy makers). Evidence‐based frameworks can support the uptake and spread of research evidence; however, their existence as knowledge translation tools does not ensure their uptake and it is difficult to ascertain their spread into research, practice, and policy using existing methods.PurposeThe purpose of this article is to report results of a study on the spread and uptake of an evidence‐based framework (i.e., the participatory, evidence‐based, patient‐focused process for advanced practice nursing [PEPPA] framework) into research, practice, and policies relevant to the introduction and evaluation of advanced practice nursing roles. We also reflect on the utility of using a modified citation methodology to evaluate knowledge translation efforts.MethodsWe searched four databases for literature published between 2004 and 2014 citing the original paper in which the PEPPA framework was published, and carried out an Internet search for grey literature using keywords. Relevant data were extracted from sources and organized using NVivo software. We analysed results descriptively.ResultsOur search yielded 164 unique sources of which 69.5% were from published literature and the majority (83.4%) of these were published in nursing journals. Most frequently (71.5%), the framework was used by researchers and students in research studies. A smaller number of citations (11.3%) reflected use of the PEPPA framework in practice settings with a focus on role development, implementation, evaluation, or a combination of these.Linking Evidence to ActionThis study demonstrates that the PEPPA framework has been used to varying degrees as intended, and provides guidance on how to evaluate the spread and uptake of research outputs (e.g., theoretical frameworks). Further research is needed about ways to determine whether evidence‐informed research tools such as frameworks have been taken up successfully into practice and policy contexts.
Biological and Epidemiological Features of Antibiotic-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Pre- and Post-Conjugate Vaccine Eras: a United States Perspective
Authors: Kim Lindsay , McGee Lesley , Tomczyk Sara , Beall Bernard 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARY

Streptococcus pneumoniae
inflicts a huge disease burden as the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia and meningitis. Soon after mainstream antibiotic usage, multiresistant pneumococcal clones emerged and disseminated worldwide. Resistant clones are generated through adaptation to antibiotic pressures imposed while naturally residing within the human upper respiratory tract. Here, a huge array of related commensal streptococcal strains transfers core genomic and accessory resistance determinants to the highly transformable pneumococcus. β-Lactam resistance is the hallmark of pneumococcal adaptability, requiring multiple independent recombination events that are traceable to nonpneumococcal origins and stably perpetuated in multiresistant clonal complexes. Pneumococcal strains with elevated MICs of β-lactams are most often resistant to additional antibiotics. Basic underlying mechanisms of most pneumococcal resistances have been identified, although new insights that increase our understanding are continually provided. Although all pneumococcal infections can be successfully treated with antibiotics, the available choices are limited for some strains. Invasive pneumococcal disease data compiled during 1998 to 2013 through the population-based Active Bacterial Core surveillance program (U.S. population base of 30,600,000) demonstrate that targeting prevalent capsular serotypes with conjugate vaccines (7-valent and 13-valent vaccines implemented in 2000 and 2010, respectively) is extremely effective in reducing resistant infections. Nonetheless, resistant non-vaccine-serotype clones continue to emerge and expand.
Multicenter Noninferiority Evaluation of Hain GenoType MTBDR
plus
Version 2 and Nipro NTM+MDRTB Line Probe Assays for Detection of Rifampin and Isoniazid Resistance
Authors: Nathavitharana Ruvandhi R. , Hillemann Doris , Schumacher Samuel G. , Schlueter Birte , Ismail Nazir , Omar Shaheed Vally , Sikhondze Welile , Havumaki Joshua , Valli Eloise , Boehme Catharina , Denkinger Claudia M. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Less than 30% of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients are currently diagnosed, due to laboratory constraints. Molecular diagnostics enable rapid and simplified diagnosis. Newer-version line probe assays have not been evaluated against the WHO-endorsed Hain GenoType MTBDR
plus
(referred to as Hain version 1 [V1]) for the rapid detection of rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) resistance. A two-phase noninferiority study was conducted in two supranational reference laboratories to allow head-to-head comparisons of two new tests, Hain Genotype MTBDR
plus
version 2 (referred to as Hain version 2 [V2]) and Nipro NTM+MDRTB detection kit 2 (referred to as Nipro), to Hain V1. In phase 1, the results for 379 test strains were compared to a composite reference standard that used phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) and targeted sequencing. In phase 2, the results for 644 sputum samples were compared to a phenotypic DST reference standard alone. Using a challenging set of strains in phase 1, the values for sensitivity and specificity for Hain V1, Hain V2, and Nipro, respectively, were 90.3%/98.5%, 90.3%/98.5%, and 92.0%/98.5% for RIF resistance detection and 89.1%/99.4%, 89.1%/99.4%, and 89.6%/100.0% for INH resistance detection. Testing of sputa in phase 2 yielded values for sensitivity and specificity of 97.1%/97.1%, 98.2%/97.8%, and 96.5%/97.5% for RIF and 94.4%/96.4%, 95.4%/98.8%, and 94.9%/97.6% for INH. Overall, the rates of indeterminate results were low, but there was a higher rate of indeterminate results with Nipro than with Hain V1 and V2 in samples with low smear grades. Noninferiority of Hain V2 and Nipro to Hain V1 was demonstrated for RIF and INH resistance detection in isolates and sputum specimens. These results serve as evidence for WHO policy recommendations on the use of line probe assays, including the Hain V2 and Nipro assays, for MDR-TB detection.
Running retraining to treat lower limb injuries: a mixed-methods study of current evidence synthesised with expert opinion
Authors: Barton C J , Bonanno D R , Carr J , Neal B S , Malliaras P , Franklyn-Miller A , Menz H B 
Published: April 2016

ImportanceRunning-related injuries are highly prevalent.ObjectiveSynthesise published evidence with international expert opinion on the use of running retraining when treating lower limb injuries.DesignMixed methods.MethodsA systematic review of clinical and biomechanical findings related to running retraining interventions were synthesised and combined with semistructured interviews with 16 international experts covering clinical reasoning related to the implementation of running retraining.ResultsLimited evidence supports the effectiveness of transition from rearfoot to forefoot or midfoot strike and increase step rate or altering proximal mechanics in individuals with anterior exertional lower leg pain; and visual and verbal feedback to reduce hip adduction in females with patellofemoral pain. Despite the paucity of clinical evidence, experts recommended running retraining for: iliotibial band syndrome; plantar fasciopathy (fasciitis); Achilles, patellar, proximal hamstring and gluteal tendinopathy; calf pain; and medial tibial stress syndrome. Tailoring approaches to each injury and individual was recommended to optimise outcomes. Substantial evidence exists for the immediate biomechanical effects of running retraining interventions (46 studies), including evaluation of step rate and strike pattern manipulation, strategies to alter proximal kinematics and cues to reduce impact loading variables.Summary and relevanceOur synthesis of published evidence related to clinical outcomes and biomechanical effects with expert opinion indicates running retraining warrants consideration in the treatment of lower limb injuries in clinical practice.
Self-reported worst injuries in women's Australian football identify lower limb injuries as a prevention priority
Authors: Fortington Lauren V , Donaldson Alex , Finch Caroline F 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundIncreasing participation by women in Australian football (AF) has made understanding their specific injury prevention needs a priority. In other sports, men and women have different injury profiles. This study aims to provide the first overview of self-reported injuries in women's AF.MethodsNationwide survey of women aged 17+ years who played in an AF competition was conducted following the 2014 playing season. The players' self-reported worst injury from the 2014 season is presented according to injury type, body part injured, treatment sought and games/training missed.ResultsThree-quarters of 553 respondents (n=431, 78%) reported at least 1 injury. Over half (n=235, 55%) of injuries were to the lower limb. Ankle ligament tears/sprains (n=50, 12% of all injuries) and knee ligament tears/sprains (n=45, 10%) were most frequent lower limb injuries reported. Two-thirds (65%) of all lower limb injuries led to at least 1 missed game. Of 111 (26% of all injuries) upper limb injuries reported, over half (n=57, 62%) were to the hand/fingers/thumb, including fractures (n=28, 6% of all injuries), ligament tears/sprains (n=18, 4%) and dislocations (n=11, 3%). Half of the upper limb injuries (51%) resulted in players missing matches/training.ConclusionsThe most frequent self-reported worst injuries for women playing AF were joint damage to the ankle and knee. A prospective injury study is needed to confirm the causes and rate of these lower limb injuries to identify the most suitable prevention interventions.
The impact of multiple extension events, stress rotation and inherited fabrics on normal fault geometries and evolution in the Cenozoic rift basins of Thailand
Authors: Morley C. K. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The rift basins of Thailand exhibit remarkable diversity of fault displacement patterns, fault length–displacement characteristics and mapped fault patterns during late rift, and post-rift, stages. These patterns reflect influences by: (1) zones of strength anisotropy in the pre-rift basement; (2) syn-rift fault patterns on post-rift faults; (3) spatial stress deflection, commonly related to irregularities in major fault profiles, and the basement–sediment interface; (4) temporal stress rotation, usually related to changes in the regional plate setting; and (5) varying strength properties (strain hardening or softening) of fault zones during their life. These influences created strongly segmented boundary faults, and long, low-displacement post-rift fault trends. The former are commonly strongly over-displaced, while the latter can be strongly under-displaced with respect to their length compared with typical length:displacement distributions. Seismic interpretation of multi-rift fault patterns requires 3D data to identify the complexities, otherwise the linkage pattern between deeper and shallower faults, and the changing fault strike-directions with depth, may be incorrectly mapped. Incorrect identification of fault patterns as breached relay structures may also arise. Oblique extension, the influence of pre-existing trends and stress rotation in multi-phase rifts provides a more comprehensive explanation for the observed features than the strike-slip interpretation of previous studies.