bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kapitalkosten und Kraftwerksinvestitionen bei zunehmender Einspeisung aus erneuerbaren Energien – Die Diskussion um Kapazitätsmärkte
Authors: Brunekreeft Gert , Meyer Roland 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The increasing share of renewables in generation leads to a structural change in electricity markets. As the utilization of conventional generators decreases in the short run, fixed costs of those power plants have to be recovered through high price spikes in times of scarce capacities. Moreover, for the longer run, given the technological peculiarities of power supply, the price spikes may not be strong enough to induce adequate capacity investments to ensure an efficient level of supply security. A solution may be to complement the energy-only markets by capacity markets. The latter provide revenues not only for the electricity actually sold but also for available capacity in order to reduce the utilisation risk, in particular for peak load plants that may be dispatched only for a small fraction of the time. Such an approach requires substantial reform of market design though.
Wettbewerb im Internet: Was ist online anders als offline?
Authors: Haucap Justus , Wenzel Tobias 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The Internet is characterized by competition between platforms which bring together potential partners of exchange. The degree of competition between these multi-sided platforms und market concentration are determined through (1) the strength of the direct and indirect network effects, (2) the extent of economies of scale, (3) the risk of congestition, (4) platform differentiation, and (5) the possibility of multi-homing. Depending on these factors different market concentrations and barriers to entry result. While there is no general tendency for concentration in the Internet and no general need for special market regulation of online content providers and intermediaries, single platforms may still have long lasting and significant market power which is unlikely to erode fastly, as the example of ebay illustrates.
Ordnungspolitische Wirkungen des elektronischen Bundesanzeigers und einer Einführung der internationalen Rechnungslegung für nicht kapitalmarktorientierte Unternehmen (IFRS for SMEs)
Authors: Grottke Markus 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Currently, widespread discussions take place in the European Union whether to adopt IFRS for SMEs as a common accounting system for not public accountable entities. Also an analysis is given about the impact of the introduction of the Electronic Federal Gazette. The contribution chose the methodical approach of an interview survey with executives from 15 nonpublic accountable entities in order to explore the practical consequences of the vast amount of information which has to be provided by the notes of this accounting system. The interviews reveal that an adoption has consequences which need to be discussed from the viewpoint of regulatory policy and also that it would probably imply highly dysfunctional repercussions for not public accountable entities.
Verteilungskonflikte durch die Klimaschutzpolitik – Verschärft die EU die Hungerproblematik?
Authors: Bräuninger Michael , Leschus Leon 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Food demand is strongly correlated to population growth and income growth. Both will lead to a strong demand increase in the future. At the same time, the agricultural products will increasingly be needed as energy resources. Boundaries to production growth are given by resources such as land and water and by efficiency of production. Current projections show that until 2030 there will be no global shortage in food production. Availability of land and water is sufficiently high to increase production. Furthermore efficiency of production can be increased. However production and demand are very unevenly distributed in world. Free market prices and open borders are central for the production increase in regions with corresponding potentials.
Das Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverleger: Eine ordnungspolitische Perspektive
Authors: Stühmeier Torben 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Since the beginning of the year 2009 the German press publishers have lobbied for their own neighbouring right which should protect even short snippets of online press articles. The new right should basically protect the press publishers’ investments in the online environment. Currently there is an intensive debate among several involved interest groups about the expected effects of such a right. The present article aims to sheds some light on the expected economic effects. It states that a neighbouring right is not sufficiently justified by economic theory and can distort efficiency both from an ex ante and an ex post point of view.
Plädoyer für eine reformierte Dualität
Authors: Weber Roland 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The German private health insurance (PKV) was discredited by the media in the past. The dual system in Germany should have caused a “Two- Class-Medicine” or the PKVs aging reserves had been exhausting during the financial meltdown are preconceptions and knowledge gaps which need a rectification.
The high financial proportion (10 Billion Euros per year) of private insureds provides a double financing base and ensures a supply of doctors and specialists located nearby. In international comparison of insurance schemes the German healthcare system achieves a high level of performance at acceptable costs.
Due to its aging reserves the private health insurance is better prepared for the demographic development than the statutory health insurance (GKV). Due to the GKV’s simple pay-as-you-go system it is, however, not able to present a satisfactory solution for this matter.
Increasing numbers of private insureds are evidence of the German customers’ confidence in the insurance system. In order to keep the customers’ acceptance in future, the PKV must make progress and move forwards. Criticism on offering tariffs which in some scopes are below the GKV’s performance level, the insurance companies can best counter and combat by improving their products. Other reforms, such as the reform of the basis tariff, a solution of the matter with non-payers and the new edition of the standard tariff need the legislators’ support.
Zur Bedeutung der Wettbewerbsrolle im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Zerth Jürgen 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The German private health insurers (PKV) face different obstacles for a further successful development. On the one hand the PKV system lacks from adequate incentive structures to overcome forms of moral hazard and supplier-induced demand which becomes more relevant with respect to demographic- related care. On the other hand PKV must develop new business models for a demand-driven health care market. The latter challenge also threats the statutory health care insurers but their market powers as well as some governance reforms in the past have strengthened GKV-insurers in order to get more efficient. At least, PKV has to adapt its own business strategy to be prepared for the main topic of future health care: implementation of innovation within a continuous demographic change.
Die japanischen Lehren für die europäische Krise
Authors: Schnabl Gunther 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Japan went 15 years earlier than Europe through a boom-and-bust cycle in the real estate and stock markets. The country has made important experience with crisis therapies in form of monetary expansion, Keynesian fiscal stimulus and recapitalization of financial institutions. Japan has reached the zero interest bound in 1999 and has accumulated a very high public debt level. The paper compares the boom-and-bust cycles in Japan and Europe with respect to the reasons for the boom, the characteristics of the crises, and the (potential) effects of the crisis therapies. It is argued that the consequence of expansionary monetary and fiscal policies is the hysteresis of the zero-interest rate and high debt trap, the erosion of the allocation and signaling function of the interest rate, the gradual nationalization of the financial sector and aggregate demand, as well as gradual real income losses. The economic policy implication for Europe and Japan is the timely exit from crisis therapies in form of expansionary monetary and fiscal policies despite high adjustment costs.
Bankenrettung und Bankenaufsicht
Authors: Frenkel Michael , Rülke Jan-Christoph , Stadtmann Georg 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we present two models in which the introduction of a “lender of the last resort” significantly affects the banking sector. In the first model, the introduction is stabilizing. However, in the second model it is destabilizing. Both models are very well suited to theoretically highlight the current discussion surrounding a European bank rescue and European banking supervision. Numerical examples illustrate the approach in deriving the model results.
Regulierung des Glücksspiels in Deutschland: Das Glücksspielgesetz Schleswig-Holsteins und der Glücksspieländerungsstaatsvertrag aus ökonomischer Perspektive
Authors: Schmidt Ulrich , Miranda Katharina Lima de 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper compares the two laws effective for the regulation of gambling in Germany from an economic perspective. On the one hand there is the new and relatively liberal federal Gaming Amendment Act of Schleswig- Holstein (GAA) and on the other hand the German State Treaty on Gambling (GST), which was signed by the remaining 15 German federal states. First, two goals are derived that should be pursued by the regulation of gambling realization of tax revenues and the reduction of problem gambling. Channeling gambling into the regulated market is a necessary condition to achieve both objectives. As the GAA can be expected to realize a higher degree of channeling due to more competitive tax rates as well as the inclusion of online poker and casinos, it appears to be overall superior to the GST. It is in particular incomprehensible that online poker and casinos are not included in the GST, since on one side they have a high potential for addiction and should thus be regulated and on the other side allow to generate higher tax revenues compared to sports betting for example.
Wirtschaftspolitische Beratung zwischen wissenschaftlicher Fundierung, Politikverständnis und Lebenswirklichkeit der Menschen – Johann Eekhoff (1941 – 2013)
Authors: Roth Steffen J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Johann Eekhoff, der nach kurzer, schwerer Krankheit am 3. März 2013 im Alter von nur 71 Jahren verstarb, war ein erfahrener Grenzgänger zwischen Politik und Wissenschaft. Als liberaler Ökonom und Vertreter ordnungspolitischer Prinzipien arbeitete er sowohl als wissenschaftlich ausgebildeter Wirtschaftspolitiker praktisch als auch als Kenner der politischen Lebenswirklichkeit erfahrener Wirtschaftswissenschaftler politikberatend im Dienste einer marktwirtschaftlich ausgerichteten, menschenwürdigen Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftsordnung. In diesem Beitrag sollen sein Lebenslauf nachgezeichnet, seine Persönlichkeit ausschnittsweise beleuchtet und schließlich wichtige Aspekte seines wissenschaftlichen Werks hervorgehoben werden. Es gilt, Johann Eekhoff ein würdiges Andenken zu bewahren und ihn als Vorbild in Erinnerung zu halten.
Einige Anmerkungen zum Wesen der Deflation aus Sicht der Finanzstabilität
Authors: Bleich Dirk , Bleich Torsten , Fendel Ralf 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Deflation is currently considered as one of the most important threats for macroeconomic dynamics and, thus, it is argued that it should be avoided by all available means. We challenge this view because empirically it cannot be verified that deflation periods necessarily go hand in hand with recessions. Thus, costs of deflation might be much lower than typically assumed. If for monetary policy makers, a possible conflict of interests between the avoidance of deflation and the safeguarding of financial stability emerges - for example in the case of excessive credit growth - an increase in the interest rate despite deflations fears might be acceptable in the particular scenario.
Nehmt von den Reichen? Die Vermögensteuer zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Arentz Oliver , Roth Steffen J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The reintroduction of a wealth tax in Germany would not contribute to more fairness in terms of the ability to pay principle. On the contrary: Since wealth in form of human capital is not taxed, a wealth tax would lead to a massive unequal treatment of people with the same ability to pay. The expected shift of the tax burden would hit low-income households in particular. Economic performance would decrease and the labour market would be negatively affected. Overall, the wealth tax cannot deliver what its promoters in the political arena promise.
Geldordnung, Geldschöpfung und Staatsfinanzierung
Authors: Gudehus Timm 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The current paper analyses the different kinds of money creation and their contribution to state funding. It shows that profits and beneficiaries of money creation depend on the monetary order and on the accounting rules of the central bank. Due to the possibility to create scriptural money by credit in almost unlimited quantity today the main beneficiaries of the creation of money are the commercial banks. If in a new monetary order, the right to create money in limited quantity is transferred exclusively to the central bank and its accounting rules are properly adapted, substantial conversion profits arise which can be used to pay off the major part of the public debt and to fund the state without affecting monetary stability. To demonstrate the possible effects the conversion profits and future profits of money creation are calculated for the Euro-system from the consolidated balance sheet 2010.
Braucht Deutschland einen Kapazitätsmarkt für eine sichere Stromversorgung?
Authors: Maurer Christoph 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The current political debate on the Energiewende in Germany is no longer focused on economic and ecological aspects. Instead, concerns regarding security of supply become more and more relevant. Though current risks for security of supply are mainly driven by the situation in transmission systems, policy debate is driven by the economic situation of plant operators and the provision of generation adequacy. On this background, many stakeholders claim the introduction of capacity mechanisms. The article shows that such decision should not be made in a purely national context, but requires strong European coordination. There is no clear evidence that the current energy-only market design will not deliver adequate investments in generation. However, a sustainable equilibrium requires stable and predictable boundary conditions for energy markets and a general acceptance of price peaks. A strategic reserve is proposed as an easy-to-implement, short-term and reversible means to guarantee security of supply while wellfounded political decisions on future market design can be taken.
Wettbewerbspolitischer Handlungsbedarf bei der Verknüpfung von zweiseitigen Märkten im Internet: Der Fall Google
Authors: Engelhardt Sebastian von , Freytag Andreas , Köllmann Volker 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We discuss competition policy issues of vertical integration in internetbased two-sided markets against the background of the Google antitrust allegations. Network effects and economics of scale often lead to dominating companies, which are integrated over several markets. This implies efficiency gains but creates barriers to entry. Where entrants can appropriate dynamic effects accumulated by incumbents, barriers to entry are lowered but this reduces incumbents’ incentives to invest. Reducing multi homing and increasing switching costs is anti-competitive behaviour. Manipulating search results may leverage market power, but there is no theory on the ‚information power‘ of search engines. The concept of ‚search neutrality‘ is not convincing.
Aktuelle Entwicklungen der europäischen TK-Regulierung
Authors: Westermeier Andreas 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article deals with current developments concerning the regulation of telecommunication in Europe (e. g. Mobile Termination Rates, Roaming). It argues that current regulation is led by political aims and less by economic theory. National regulatory authorities should have more competences to consider national specifities concerning their decisions. The competences of the European Commission should be cut back. The idea of four or five pan-European companies dominating the European market should be discarded. Market consolidation should be the result of market competition and not promoted by the European Commission.
Zwischen Wohnungsnot und Leerstand–Wohnungsmarktinterventionen als Aufgabe für die Politik?
Authors: Rips Franz-Georg 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This text deals with the topic of housing shortage vs. residential vacancy - housing market intervention as a task of politics?
At the beginning there will be some basic assertions on the relation of market vs. state, especially bearing in mind, the overall importance and social responsibility the housing industry has and beyond that, regarding further issues such as environmental protection and demographic transition.
On this interaction, some generally accepted rules will be generated, with the aim of finding some balanced solutions. The more theoretical considerations will be enlarged upon with practical examples, on subjects such as, dealing with the issue of home ownership vs. tenancy, energy requirements, rental control and the fact of population development.
This paper will terminate with remarks on the latest challenges, the housing policy has to deal with. Key words to be mentioned here are finding appropriate strategies, dealing with different regional and sectorial housing markets, the age-appropriate conversion of residential houses, residency and poverty and residency and energy.
Broad alliances, made of all participants in the housing market and on all national and regional levels will be regarded as helpful.
Notwendigkeit, Regelungen und Konsequenzen einer neuen Geldordnung
Authors: Gudehus Timm 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
From an analysis of the uncertainties, deficiencies and negative effects of the present monetary system the necessity and the requirements for a new monetary order are derived. These requirements are fulfilled by the presented regulations of a monetary order, which is based on the proposals of Joseph Huber (Vollgeld), Henry Simons and Irving Fisher (100 %-Money), Milton Friedman (Chicago Plan) and others (Allais, 1988; Gödde, 1985; Benes / Kumhof, 2013). The new monetary order requires another cash management, adapted payment systems and a different monetary policy of the central bank. Results of the new monetary order are legally protected money, no bank runs, a substantial reduction of the public debt, self-regulated smoothing of economic and stock market cycles, stabilization of the monetary union and other advantages for the economy. By also addressing open questions and alternative solutions this paper intends to stimulate a discussion of the proposals and the further development of a new monetary order.
Die Legende von der Mietpreisexplosion
Authors: Benček David , Klodt Henning 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The new German federal government has stipulated a price barrier as a response to the seeming „rent explosion“ in German residential markets. Contrary to this perception, we find that inflation-adjusted rents net of heating are even lower today than twenty years ago. Furthermore, our regionally disaggregated data on ask prices for flats reveal that rapidly increasing rents can only be observed in a few districts. We have calculated that residents of such districts could escape rising rents by changing residence and accepting an average additional commute of about 40 minutes each way.
Mit märkischen Innovationen die ambulante Versorgung gestalten
Authors: Helming Hans-Joachim 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
It is a big challenge to ensure the ambulatory care in economically underdeveloped, rural areas. Some regions of Brandenburg face a shortage of medical care which is primarily caused by the change of generations, the lack of young people and the little existing infrastructure. In these parts of Brandenburg one also sees the consequences of the demographic change: the population is older, less mobile, and the proportion of multi-morbid patients comparatively increased. In addition, the practicing physicians tend to be older and young doctors are becoming less willing to settle in their own surgery. To cope with these challenges the Regional Associations of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians in Brandenburg (Kassenärztliche Vereinigung Brandenburg) invented the KV RegioMed Program. KV RegioMed is a modular concept with regionally tailored solutions which can be combined as needed. The concept meshes medical and non-medical capacities. Competencies and resources can be bundled by outpatient and inpatient areas and intertwined across different sectors.
Tarifeinheit, Tarifpluralität und Spartengewerkschaften: Ein Plädoyer für gesetzgeberische Zurückhaltung
Authors: Schnabel Claus 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper critically discusses the reasoning and the consequences of a recent parliamentary bill which intends to restore the traditional principle of one collective bargaining agreement per business in Germany that has been overturned by the Federal Labour Court. It argues that the empirical evidence on the effects of allowing multiple bargaining agreements and of the recently emerged occupational unions on strikes, wages and transaction costs is weak and does not justify the encroachment on the freedom of association associated with this bill.
Tarifeinheit per Gesetz – 10 Thesen zu den Plänen der Bundesregierung zur Wiedereinführung der Tarifeinheit
Authors: Henssler Martin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
One basically has to welcome the plans of the German Government to legally clarify the questions arising from a collision of collective labour agreements caused by a revised jurisdiction. Companies need clear guidelines on how to handle the demands of several trade unions. Reciprocally, the trade unions, too, need legal security shown, for example, by the high compensation claims against the Air Traffic Controllers’ Union (GDF) jeopardising its existence. The legislator should no longer allow the collective labour system in the field of essential services to suffer from a growing discontent of the affected citizens being the main sufferers from the strikes.
However, the current suggestion of the German Government by far exceeds the extent allowed by the Constitution. Procedural regulations combined with strictly limited constraints of the right to strike on the sector of essential services would be preferable.
The political problem consists in the fact that - owing to the current distribution of power - a legal regulation might only be possible on the basis of a most fragile compromise between the German Federation of Trade Unions (DGB) and the Confederation of German Employers (BDA). Thus, Germany only has the choice of preserving this law quickly submitted to a constitutional examination or of not having a unity of collective bargaining agreements at all. Considering this background, should one not simply try to ask the Federal Constitution Court to reliably outline the frame of a legal regulation consistent with the Constitution? Contrary to the perspective of a scientist, this question can certainly be answered with “yes” from a point of view of the federations and politicians.
Zur Beschäftigungsentwicklung in Deutschland
Authors: Schnabel Hubert 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper examines theoretical and empirical aspects of the employment in Germany from 2000 - 2013. Inspired by Krelle’s (1996) discussion paper relevant German labor market data are traced and it is analyzed to which extend some theoretical employment considerations and labor market reform issues are compatible with the development in Germany.