bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep and the gut microbiome: antibiotic-induced depletion of the gut microbiota reduces nocturnal sleep in mice
Authors: Lendrum Jonathan , Seebach Bradley , Klein Barrett , Liu Sumei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSeveral bacterial cell wall components such as peptidoglycan and muramyl peptide are potent inducers of mammalian slow-wave sleep when exogenously administered to freely behaving animals. It has been proposed that the native gut microflora may serve as a quasi-endogenous pool of somnogenic bacterial cell wall products given their quantity and close proximity to the intestinal portal. This proposal suggests that deliberate manipulation of the host's intestinal flora may elicit changes in host sleep behavior. To test this possibility, we evaluated 24 h of sleep-wake behavior after depleting the gut microbiota with a 14 d broad-spectrum antibiotic regimen containing high doses of ampicillin, metronidazole, neomycin, and vancomycin. High-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rDNA gene was used to confirm depletion of fecal bacteria and sleep-wake vigilance states were determined using videosomnography techniques based on previously established behavioral criteria shown to highly correlate with standard polysomnography-based methods. Additionally, considering that germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice have been earlier shown to display increased locomotor activity, and since locomotor activity has been used as a reliable proxy of sleep, we suspected that the elevated locomotor activity previously reported in these animals may reflect an unreported reduction in sleep behavior. To examine this potential relationship, we also quantified locomotor activity on a representative subsample of the same 24 h of video recordings using the automated video-tracking software ANY-maze. We found that antibiotic-induced depletion of the gut microbiota reduced nocturnal sleep, but not diurnal sleep. Likewise, antibiotic-treated mice showed increased nocturnal locomotor activity, but not diurnal locomotor activity. Taken together, these results support a link between the gut microbiome and nocturnal sleep and locomotor physiology in adult mice. Additionally, our findings indicate that antibiotics may be insomnogenic via their ability to diminish gut-derived bacterial somnogens. Given that antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in human medicine, these findings have important implications for clinical practice with respect to prolonged antibiotic therapy, insomnia, and other idiopathic sleep-wake and circadian-rhythm disorders affecting an estimated 50-70 million people in the United States alone.Highlights-14 d broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment effectively depletes the gut microbiota.-Gut microbiota depletion reduces nocturnal sleep, but not diurnal sleep.-Gut microbiota depletion increases nocturnal locomotion, but not diurnal locomotion.-Antibiotics may be insomnogenic: implications for idiopathic sleep disorders.
Htz1 and Set1 Regulate Ergosterol Levels in Response to Environmental Stress
Authors: Aslan Kubra , Özaydin Bilge 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTErgosterol is an essential isoprenoid for cellular integrity and proper membrane fluidity of fungi. Proper level of ergosterol is crucial for resistance to various stressful conditions, such as hypoxia, hypothermia, and hyperosmolarity. The isoprenoid building blocks of ergosterol are synthesized via the mevalonate pathway, which relies on the availability of many central metabolites, such as acetyl-coA and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). The metabolic currencies are also the substrates for epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation and methylation. To have a better understanding of how isoprenoid synthesis and these epigenetic mechanisms affect each other, we re-analyzed the results of our screen onSaccharomyces cerevisiaegene deletion collection for isoprenoid production and found a group of chromatin regulators with significant effects on isoprenoid production. More specifically, the canonical histone Htz1 (H2A.z), the SWR1 complex that loads Htz1 onto chromatin, and the histone demethylase Jhd2 inhibited, whereas the Htz1 unloading INO80 complex and histone methylase Set1 enhanced isoprenoid production. Further analysis of genome-wide expression data revealed that Htz1 and Set1 differentially regulate stress-response genes which presumably affect isoprenoid synthesis. Conversely, changes in isoprenoid production alters the transcription of the same set of genes. Further analysis of ergosterol levels in these gene deletions showed thathtz1, set1double deletion leads to accumulation of ergosterol beyond homeostatic levels and renders cells vulnerable to environmental stress. Our re-analysis of multiple published data and follow-up experiments revealed an epigenetic crosstalk mechanism between ergosterol levels and stress response genes that is essential for maintaining optimum concentration of ergosterol under various conditions.
Symbolic consumption and Generation Y consumers: evidence from Thailand
Authors: Tangsupwattana Wanrudee , Liu Xiaobing 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate Generation Y consumers’ symbolic consumption on brand attitude and purchase intention toward global brands.

Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual model has been developed to illustrate the proposed relationships among the related variables. Data from a total of 300 usable surveys were collected from Thai Generation Y consumers. The proposed hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling analyses.

Findings
The study found that Generation Y consumers’ symbolic consumption has a significant and positive effect on brand attitude and purchase intention.

Research limitations/implications
Time and resources limitation did not allow to study the larger sample. Future research should include more product categories and more global brands. Sample can be extended to consumers in ASEAN countries to provide more comprehensive insights into consumer perceptions and brand behaviors toward global brands.

Practical implications
The findings suggest that symbolic consumption is a key motivation to increase purchase intention when developing marketing strategies for the Generation Y consumer.

Originality/value
This study has contributions to symbolic consumption and Generation Y literature combining several important dimensions into a structural model, and examines the relationships among these dimensions.
From resentment to excitement – Australasian students’ perception towards a sales career
Authors: Handley Brian , Shanka Tekle , Rabbanee Fazlul K. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore Australasian students’ current perception towards a sales career.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through a self-administered survey from 431 students enrolled in a Sales Management unit in a large Australian university and its Asian campuses.FindingsThe study reveals a four-factor solution with factors labeled as “exciting,” “deceptive,” “taxing,” and “challenging,” with “exciting” being the only factor to significantly predict likelihood of pursuing a sales career. Although no differences of perception were found between males and females, Asian students were found to perceive sales career as more exciting, innovative and fun than Australian students.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough significant difference was noted between Australian and Asian students’ perceptions towards sales as an exciting career, it is prudent to interpret and generalize the finding with caution as Asia is the largest continent with different cultures, religions and races.Practical implicationsThe four factors that were found to influence students’ perception towards a sales career are novel, psychometrically sound, and are pertinent for businesses conducting graduate recruitment. This study indicates how sales education at university level assist in changing students’ views towards a sales career from negative to positive.Originality/valueWhile previous research has reported negative perceptions about sales as a career, this study reveals that students consider sales to be an “exciting” career.
The effects of consumer perception of volume discount benefits on intention to purchase grocery products
Authors: Iranmanesh Mohammad , Jayaraman KrishnaSwamy , Zailani Suhaiza , Ghadiri Seyed Mohammadreza 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of consumers’ perceptions towards volume discount (VD) benefits on their intention to purchase grocery products under this scheme using deal proneness as a moderator.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered through a survey of 583 Malaysian consumers, and were analysed using the partial least squares technique.FindingsThe results showed that perceived savings, self-expression value, and convenience positively affected consumers’ intention to purchase grocery products under VDs. Deal proneness negatively moderated the relationship between perceived quality, innovation, and consumers’ intention to purchase under VDs.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study will help retailers to understand the effects of consumers’ perceptions of VD benefits on their intention to purchase products under VDs, thereby allowing retailers to promote products under VDs more effectively.Originality/valueAlthough the VD is a common type of sales promotion, this topic is rarely explored. This study thus contributes to the advancement of knowledge by determining the effects of the potential benefits of VDs on consumers’ intention to purchase.
The Big Bazaar: an examination of Indian shopping mall behaviour and demographic differences
Authors: Pare Vipul , Pourazad Naser 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which Indian consumers of different demographic groups vary in terms of shopping mall visits (frequency of visit, hours spent in the mall, and number of shops visited) and purchase behaviour (total money spent, number of shops purchased from and number of items purchased).

Design/methodology/approach
The study used a self-administered survey of 400 Indian mall shoppers to examine Indian shoppers’ behaviour with respect to visiting and buying behaviour. Descriptive analyses and χ2 tests were conducted to identify patterns and capture the significant relationships in shopping behaviour across different demographic segments.

Findings
The results show that shoppers of different age cohorts and from different household sizes behave differently from one another in a significant manner. In terms of gender, however, men and women tend to behave in a similar manner in terms of visit frequency, time and money spent per visit. The study also provides insight into where the differences occur and between which specific groups.

Research limitations/implications
Data comes from one major city of India which limits the generalizability of the results.

Practical implications
For mall managers and retailers, the study findings indicate that the stores that serve recreational needs should focus more on younger segments, where men and women share similar buying patterns. Findings from this study could also be used for segmentation exercises and to build strategies to convert footfall into actual purchase, especially within the rapidly growing Indian mall market.

Originality/value
The study adds value to the body of retail literature and provides empirical evidence from the rapidly developing Indian market. The study also provides insight into where differences occur and between which specific groups. By highlighting the differences in greater detail, the study benefits retailers in general and specifically, mall managers.
Why do good people do bad things? The effect of ethical ideology, guilt proneness, and self-control on consumer ethics
Authors: Arli Denni , Leo Cheryl 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Various studies showed that unethical behaviours committed by consumers occur more frequently than may be expected. People have stolen from a shop at some time in their life and remained silent, people walk out of a grocery store have stolen something from the store and employees have stolen from their workplace. Why seemingly good people do bad things and vice versa? What factors contribute to this discrepancy? Hence, the purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to examine the impact of ethical ideology on self-control and guilt proneness; second, to examine the roles of self-control and guilt proneness in consumer ethical decision making; and finally, to explore the mediating effects of self-control and guilt proneness on the relationship between consumer ideology and ethical decision making.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected a non-probability sample using a cross-sectional online survey of adult consumers across Australia wide. The sampling frame was from a pre-recruited online panel company Permissioncorp. Consumers were introduced to the study in relation to their beliefs in general consumer ethics behaviours. The response rate for the survey invite was 17.9 per cent, with a final sample size of 311 consumers out of 3,246 that were invited to participate based on the these screening criteria, i.e. their country of birth (Australia only), gender, age group, and state in which they reside to ensure representation across these groups.

Findings
The results showed that idealism was a positive determinant of guilt proneness and self-control, whereas relativistic individuals were less prone to guilt and less able to control their behaviour. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between self-control and unethical consumer behaviour. Finally, both self-control and guilt proneness had an indirect mediating effect on the relationship between ethical ideology and consumer behaviour.

Originality/value
This is one of the first studies to explore the interactions between ethical ideology, self-control, guilt proneness, and consumer ethics.
Systematic approach for asset management of urban water pipeline infrastructure systems
Authors: Zamenian Hamed , Choi Juyeong , Sadeghi Seyed Amir , Naderpajouh Nader 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a systemic approach to evaluate physical condition of water pipeline infrastructure with limited condition assessment data that can help asset managers prioritize capital investments in maintenance projects for urban water pipeline systems.

Design/methodology/approach
Spatial pattern analyses are conducted in this research to find the spatial pattern of the service life of pipelines. Based on the spatial relationship, the critical areas where groups of pipelines with short service life are likely to be found were located using spatial statistical analyses. A visualized platform was also developed and used to validate the implementation of the proposed approach with the case study of urban water pipeline infrastructure in a city in the Midwest region of the USA.

Findings
The results of the spatial pattern analyses reveal that water pipelines are spatially clustered based on their service life. Further, it was found that on average the pipelines in the center of a city have longer service life while the average expected service life of the pipelines in the marginal areas is shorter. The interpolation method produced raster data with continuous information about the service years of pipelines that are useful for asset maintenance planning.

Originality/value
With the limited data, the proposed approach enables identification of the critical area of water pipelines with the likelihood of shorter service life. This result can be used as a priority rule for a rehabilitation plan and contributes to shifting from a responsive to a preventive approach in underground asset management.
LiVE approach: Lean integrated Value Engineering for construction industry
Authors: Ekanayake E.M.A.C. , Sandanayake Y.G. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Increasing demand for the best value for client’s money necessitates waste reduction while enhancing the project functionality in construction industry. The purpose of this paper is to propose Lean integrated Value Engineering (LiVE) approach by establishing the synergy between Lean and Value Engineering (VE) concepts for construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature survey and in-depth un-structured interviews with six subject matter experts in three steps were used to investigate the synergy between Lean principles and VE job plan to develop LiVE approach for the construction industry. The gathered data were analysed using code-based content analysis and the LiVE approach was finally validated using interviews by two additional subject matter experts representing industry and academia.

Findings
Research findings established that there is a synergy between Lean principles and VE job plan. Accordingly, the study developed a LiVE approach, which specify client’s value, identify the value stream, make value flow without interruption, let the client pull functional requirements and pursue perfection during “value establishment”, “value analysis of functional requirements”, “value creativity”, “value evaluation”, “value development”, “value verification” and “value achievement” phases.

Originality/value
The novel LiVE approach will guide construction industry practitioners on how to integrate Lean concept with VE in order to reduce unnecessary costs and wastes, to enhance project functionality and ultimately to achieve value for client’s money.
Intention is not method, belief is not evidence, rank is not proof
Authors: Mitchell Renée J. , Lewis Stuart 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue that police research has reached a level of acceptance such that executive management has an ethical obligation to their communities to use evidence-based practices.Design/methodology/approachUsing an Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) framework the authors apply an ethical-based decision-making model to policing decisions. EBM does not allow physicians to ignore research when giving guidance to patients. The authors compare the two professional approaches to decision making and argue policing has reached a level of research that if ignored, just like medicine, should be considered unethical. Police interventions can potentially be harmful. Rather than do no harm, the authors argue that police managers should implement practices that are the least harmful based on the current research.FindingsThe authors found policing has a substantial amount of research showing what works, what does not, and what looks promising to allow police executives to make decisions based on evidence rather than tradition, culture, or best practice. There is a deep enough fund of knowledge to enable law enforcement leadership to evaluate policies on how well the policies and procedures they enforce prevent crime with a minimum of harm to the communities they are sworn to protect and serve.Originality/valuePolicing has yet to view community interventions as potentially harmful. Realigning police ethics from a lying, cheating, stealing, lens to a “doing the least harm” lens can alter the practitioner’s view of why evidence-based policing is important. Viewing executive decision from an evidence-based ethical platform is the future of evaluating police executive decisions.
Purposeful leadership for the future police service
Authors: Yarlagadda Ramya , Bailey Catherine , Shantz Amanda , Briône Patrick , Zheltoukhova Ksenia 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of purposeful and ethical leadership in a UK county police force – referred to by the pseudonym PoliceOrg. The paper also evaluates the extent to which officers feel their values fit with those of the organisation, and the outcomes achieved by purposeful and ethical leaders.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire survey, interviews and focus groups were conducted at PoliceOrg. The findings are compared with those from a public sector case study and with a representative sample of the UK working population.

Findings
Purposeful leaders at PoliceOrg have a positive impact on important outcomes for their direct reports and provide a sense of direction and guidance to those who do not feel a strong fit between their values and those of their organisation.

Research limitations/implications
The study focuses on a new construct (purposeful leadership) that has not previously been explored in the academic literature. Consequently, the findings cannot be directly compared with those of other studies. The survey focused on the views of police sergeants and constables, and only one police force participated as a case study; hence, the generalisability of the findings is limited.

Practical implications
Police organisations should nurture and sustain workplace environments where leaders can translate their personal moral code and ethical values into their role behaviours to address the policing challenges of the future.

Originality/value
This study elucidates the concept of purposeful leadership in the context of a police force.
Horses aren’t always for courses-variety, culture and language: a think piece
Authors: Melling Aidan 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to stimulate thinking about the future of leadership development in the emergency services, drawing on effective practice from a variety of different sectors in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper provides a leadership think piece from an experienced practitioner in the field. It emphasises the benefits of a suite of development practices as opposed to a predominantly course-based approaches. It also stresses the importance of organisational culture and the use of contemporary leadership language and dialogue.

Findings
The paper highlights practice in police, education and health illustrating the way in which a variety of approaches to leadership development can be used. The approaches show a move towards variety in development methodologies with a strong emphasis on the job and practical development rather than a traditional course-based model. It links the evidence of short-term retention of learning through course attendance vs the benefits of learning reinforced with applied learning as well as peer support and reflection. The paper also provides a number of questions to assist the reader in considering their own organisation’s maturity in the development of leaders.

Research limitations/implications
The paper provides a series of views, issues and challenges for consideration based on the author’s experience and insight as well as evidence of leadership development across different sectors.

Practical implications
The paper should stimulate those who lead and influence leadership development to consider their own organisation’s practice and effectiveness. This includes looking at whether their planning is short-term or strategic, future-oriented, and whether it considers the nature of the future workforce as well as the future competition to attract, retain and develop highly capable leaders.

Social implications
The paper highlights evidence that great leadership and leadership development does not happen by chance and that variety within a suite of evidenced practices can lead to significant positive impact.

Originality/value
This paper provides a resource and opportunity for reflection for organisations and individuals.