bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do text‐messaging smoking cessation interventions confer benefit? A multiple mediation analysis of Text2Quit
Authors: Hoeppner Bettina B. , Hoeppner Susanne S. , Abroms Lorien C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimsTo determine the degree to which the observed benefit of Text2Quit was accounted for by psychosocial mechanisms derived from its quit smoking messaging versus from the use of extra‐programmatic smoking cessation treatments and services.DesignProspective, multiple mediation model of a randomized controlled trial (RCT).SettingUnited States nation‐wide.ParticipantsA total of 409 adult daily smokers participated. Participants were, on average, 35 years of age, predominantly female (68%), white (79%), lacked a college degree (70%), had medium nicotine dependence (average Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Score score of 5.2) and more than half (62%) had made a previous quit attempt.InterventionAdult daily smokers browsing the web for smoking cessation support (n = 409; recruited 19 May2011–10 July 2012) were randomized to receive smoking cessation support via Text2Quit versus a smoking cessation material.MeasurementsMediators (i.e. changes in psychosocial constructs of health behavior change, use of extra‐programmatic treatment) were assessed at 1 month using single‐item measures and outcome (i.e. self‐reported 7‐day point prevalence abstinence) at 6‐month follow‐up.FindingsMediators accounted for 35% of the effect of Text2Quit on smoking cessation. Only psychosocial mechanisms had complete mediational paths, with increases in self‐efficacy [b = 0.10 (0.06–0.15)], quitting know‐how [b = 0.07 (0.03–0.11)] and the sense that someone cared [b = 0.06 (0.01–0.11)], partially explaining the conferred benefit of Text2Quit. Use of outside resources, including treatments promoted explicitly by Text2Quit, i.e. medication [b = 0.001 (−0.01 to 0.01), quitline [b = −0.002 (−0.01 to 0.04)], treatments and resources not promoted by Text2Quit, i.e. online forums [b = 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.04)] and self‐help materials [b = −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02)], did not have complete mediational paths. An interaction effect existed for medication use that suggested that for participants not using medication, Text2Quit conferred substantial benefit, but not for participants using medication.ConclusionsText‐messaging programs for smoking cessation appear primarily to confer benefit by promoting improvements in the psychosocial processes related to quitting rather than through the use of extra‐programmatic smoking cessation treatments and services.
Heat and smoke pre‐treatment of seeds to improve restoration of an endangered Mediterranean climate vegetation type
Authors: Hall Stuart A. , Newton Rosemary J. , Holmes Patricia M. , Gaertner Mirijam , Esler Karen J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInvasive alien plants impact ecosystems, which often necessitates their removal. Where indigenous species recovery fails following removal alone, an active intervention involving reintroduction of seed of native species may be needed. This study investigated the potential for a combination of the fire cues of smoke and heat as a pre‐treatment of seeds in breaking dormancy and facilitating increased germination. Species were selected to represent different functional types within Cape Flats Sand Fynbos; a fire‐prone, critically endangered vegetation type in South Africa. Seeds were exposed to either a heat pulse (temperatures between 60 and 300°C for durations of between 30 s and 20 min) or dry after‐ripening (1 or 2 months at milder temperatures of 45°C or less). Thereafter, seeds were soaked in smoke solution for 18 h and subsequently placed on agar at 10/20°C for germination. Most species fell into one of two main groups: Seed germination in the first group was greatest following a lower temperature (60°C) heat pulse, an extended period of mild temperature (20/40°C or 45°C) exposure, or no pre‐treatment with heat. Seed germination in the second group was promoted after brief exposure to higher (100°C) temperatures. No germination occurred in any species following heat treatments of 150°C or higher. Species which responded better to higher temperatures were mainly those possessing physical dormancy, but seed morphology did not correlate with germination success. This study showed that heat stimulation of seeds is more widespread in fynbos plant families than previously known and will enable the development of better seed pre‐treatment protocols before large‐scale sowing as an active restoration treatment after alien plant clearing.
Predictors of autopsy following stillbirth in Queensland, Australia: A population‐based study
Authors: Ibiebele Ibinabo , Boyle Frances M. , Horey Dell , Lourie Rohan , Wilson Patricia , Coory Michael , Flenady Vicki 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundAccurate determination of causes of stillbirth is critical to effective prevention. Autopsy remains the gold standard investigation for stillbirth; however, with low autopsy rates many stillbirths are likely to be ‘unexplored’ rather than ‘unexplained’.AimTo determine factors associated with autopsy following stillbirth.Materials and methodsRoutinely collected population‐based data on all singleton stillbirths of at least 400 g birthweight or 20 weeks gestation in Queensland between July 2000 and December 2011 were examined. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR, 99% CI) were calculated accounting for sociodemographic, pregnancy and medical factors. Of interest was initially unexplained stillbirth on the death certificate; analysis was stratified by gestational age group (<24, 24–27, 28–36 and ≥37 weeks).ResultsOf 3842 singleton stillbirths included in these analyses, 1356 (35.3%) had an autopsy performed. Initially unexplained stillbirth was associated with decreased odds of autopsy at late gestation (28–36 weeks, aOR 0.63 (99% CI 0.42‐0.93); ≥37 weeks, aOR 0.53 (99% CI 0.35‐0.81)) as was intrapartum stillbirth (<24 weeks, aOR 0.63 (99% CI 0.43‐0.94); 28–36 weeks, aOR 0.37 (99% CI 0.14–0.98)). Congenital abnormality (<24 weeks, ≥37 weeks), small‐for‐gestational age (<24 weeks), and primigravidity (≥37 weeks) were associated with increased odds of autopsy following stillbirth.ConclusionsPregnancy factors are associated with stillbirth autopsy. These findings have implications for development of appropriate information for parents and education of clinical staff. Further research is needed into factors influencing autopsy following stillbirth.
Age is not a predictor of prognosis in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Smith Joel A. , Virk Sohaib , Palme Carsten E. , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) , Ch'ng Sydney , Gupta Ruta , Gao Kan , Clark Jonathan 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundMetastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (cHNSCC) is more common in older patients. It is postulated that the age‐related decline in immunity plays a role in cancer predisposition and prognosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of age on outcomes in cHNSCC and compare these with the outcomes of patients with cHNSCC and known immunosuppression.MethodsPatients with metastatic cHNSCC treated with curative intent were identified from a prospectively collated database of head and neck cancers at the Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute. Patients with cHNSCC with known immunosuppression provided a comparison group for analysis of disease‐specific outcomes.ResultsThe study cohort includes 418 immunocompetent patients with metastatic cHNSCC (median age: 73 years (interquartile range: 65–81 years)) and the control cohort includes 24 patients with metastatic cHNSCC and immunosuppression (median age: 51 years (interquartile range: 42–62 years)). Increasing age was not associated with poorer disease‐free or disease‐specific survival. Patients in older age groups (70 years and over) had better disease‐specific outcomes than patients with long‐term immunosuppression. Patterns of disease failure did not differ between different age groups. The number of positive nodes and extra‐capsular spread were the only significant prognostic variables in multivariable analysis.ConclusionIn the context of metastatic cHNSCC, age should not be considered as a marker of poor prognosis. Age should not be considered a surrogate marker of immune function considering the poorer outcomes seen in patients with immunosuppression. Older patients with metastatic cHNSCC should be considered candidates for standard treatment if otherwise medically fit.
Urban Agriculture in the Food‐Disabling City: (Re)defining Urban Food Justice, Reimagining a Politics of Empowerment
Authors: Tornaghi Chiara 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRecent literature has pointed to the role of urban agriculture in self‐empowerment and learning, and in constituting ways to achieve food justice. Building on this work the paper looks at the potential and constraints for overcoming the residual and contingent status of urban agriculture. The first part of the paper aims to expand traditional class/race/ethnicity discussions and to reflect on global, cultural, procedural, capability, distributional and socio‐environmental forms of injustice that unfold in the different stages of urban food production. The second part reflects on how to bring forward food justice and build a politics of engagement, capability and empowerment. Three interlinked strategies for action are presented: (1) enhancing the reflexivity and cohesion of the urban food movement by articulating a challenge to neoliberal urbanism; (2) converging urban and agrarian food justice struggles by shaping urban agroecology; and (3) regaining control over social reproduction by engaging with food commoning.
Risk of incident Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide population‐based study in South Korea
Authors: Hong S. N. , Kim H. J. , Kim K. H. , Han S.‐J. , Ahn I. M. , Ahn H. S. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe low incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and lack of adequate controls have prevented researchers from estimating tuberculosis (TB) risk in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.AimTo evaluate the risk of incident TB among IBD patients.MethodsUsing the 2011–2013 data of the South Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) system, we calculated the incidence rates (IRs), standardised incidence ratio (SIR) and number needed to screen (NNS) for incident TB in IBD patients compared to the general population in terms of subtype, age, gender and IBD medications.ResultsThe IR, SIR and NNS for TB in IBD patients were 223.9/100 000 person‐years, 2.64 (2.30–3.01) and 446.6 (392.8–517.6), respectively. The TB IR in Crohn's disease (CD) patients was significantly higher than that in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (340.1/100 000 person‐years vs. 165.5/100 000 person‐years, respectively; P < 0.001). The SIR and NNS for TB among CD patients were 4.00 (3.59–4.45) and 604.2 (506.1–749.6), respectively; those among UC patients were 1.95 (1.66–2.27) and 294.0 (246.9–363.4). The TB IRs in IBD patients did not differ significantly by age or gender (Ptrend = 0.505 and P = 0.861, respectively). The TB IRs among IBD patients prescribed 5‐ASA, corticosteroids, immunomodulators and anti‐TNF‐α were 143.5, 208.5, 284.6 and 554.1 per 100 000 person‐years, respectively. Among IBD patients treated using anti‐TNF‐α, the TB IR was significantly higher than that among all IBD patients (P < 0.001); the SIR and NNS for TB were 6.53 (5.99–7.09) and 180.5 (144.6–240.1) respectively.ConclusionClinicians should be aware of the increased risk of active tuberculosis in patients with IBD who are receiving anti‐TNF‐α therapy.
Population pharmacokinetics of temsirolimus and sirolimus in children with recurrent solid tumours: a report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Mizuno Tomoyuki , Fukuda Tsuyoshi , Christians Uwe , Perentesis John P. , Fouladi Maryam , Vinks Alexander A. 
Published: November 2016

AimsTemsirolimus is an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Pharmacokinetic (PK) characterization of temsirolimus in children is limited and there is no paediatric temsirolimus population PK model available. The objective of this study was to simultaneously characterize the PK of temsirolimus and its metabolite sirolimus in paediatric patients with recurrent solid or central nervous system tumours and to develop a population PK model.MethodsThe PK data for temsirolimus and sirolimus were collected as a part of a Children's Oncology Group phase I clinical trial in paediatric patients with recurrent solid tumours. Serial blood concentrations obtained from 19 patients participating in the PK portion of the study were used for the analysis. Population PK analysis was performed by nonlinear mixed effect modelling using NONMEM.ResultsA three‐compartment model with zero‐order infusion was found to best describe temsirolimus PK. Allometrically scaled body weight was included in the model to account for body size differences. Temsirolimus dose was identified as a significant covariate on clearance. A sirolimus metabolite formation model was developed and integrated with the temsirolimus model. A two‐compartment structure model adequately described the sirolimus data.ConclusionThis study is the first to describe a population PK model of temsirolimus combined with sirolimus formation and disposition in paediatric patients. The developed model will facilitate PK model‐based dose individualization of temsirolimus and the design of future clinical studies in children.
Acute Treatment with Lauric Acid Reduces Blood Pressure and Oxidative Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Alves Naiane Ferraz Bandeira , de Queiroz Thyago Moreira , de Almeida Travassos Rafael , Magnani Marciane , de Andrade Braga Valdir 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe effects of acute administration of lauric acid (LA), the most abundant medium‐chain fatty acid of coconut oil, on blood pressure, heart rate and oxidative stress were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Intravenous doses of LA reduced blood pressure in a dose‐dependent fashion (1, 3, 4, 8 and 10 mg/kg) in both SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats. LA (10−8 to 3 × 10−3 M) induced vasorelaxation in isolated superior mesenteric artery rings of SHR in the presence (n = 7) or absence (n = 8) of functional endothelium [maximum effect (ME) = 104 ± 3 versus 103 ± 4%]. After exposure to KCl (60 mM), LA also induced concentration‐dependent vasorelaxation (n = 7) compared to that under Phe‐induced contraction (ME = 113.5 + 5.1 versus 104.5 + 4.0%). Furthermore, LA‐induced vasorelaxation in vessels contracted with S(−)‐BayK8644 (200 nM), a L‐type Ca2+ channel agonist (ME = 91.4 + 4.3 versus 104.5 + 4.0%, n = 7). Lastly, LA (10−3 M) reduced NADPH‐dependent superoxide accumulation in the heart (18 ± 1 versus 25 ± 1 MLU/min/μg protein, n = 4, p < 0.05) and kidney (82 ± 3 versus 99 ± 4 MLU/min/μg protein, n = 4, p < 0.05). Our data show that LA reduces blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats. In SHR, this effect might involve Ca+2 channels in the resistance vessels and by its capability of reducing oxidative stress in heart and kidneys.
The Role of Trust in CenteringPregnancy: Building Interpersonal Trust Relationships in Group‐Based Prenatal Care in The Netherlands
Authors: Kweekel Liselotte , Gerrits Trudie , Rijnders Marlies , Brown Patrick 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundCenteringPregnancy (CP) is a specific model of group‐based prenatal care for women, implemented in 44 midwifery practices in The Netherlands since 2011. Women have evaluated CP positively, especially in terms of social support, and improvements have been made in birthweight and preterm‐birth outcomes; however, there is limited understanding as to why. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms that create trusting relationships within CP to better understand CP outcomes and effectiveness.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted using in‐depth interviews with 26 (former) CP participants, alongside observations of CP sessions. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed following open, axial, and selective coding.ResultsMost women characterized trust as a positive expectation about how others would respond to sensitive information that was shared within the group. Trust emerged within the data as a multidimensional concept and several preconditions seemed crucial in building trusting relations: vulnerability, communication, reciprocity, chemistry, and atmosphere. The facilitating of interpersonal trust among CP participants enhanced group processes, especially as a basis for social support by which women said they were more eager to share sensitive information in a trusting environment.ConclusionsProcesses of trust were interwoven within various CP group dynamics. Trust facilitated social support which in turn enabled reassurance and the building of women's self‐confidence.
Health care provider responses to initial parental reports of autism spectrum disorder symptoms: results from a nationally representative sample
Authors: Barnard‐Brak Lucy , Richman David , Ellerbeck Kathryn , Moreno Rosario 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundHealth care provider (HCP) responses to initial parental report of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms were examined in relation to latency to diagnosis and child chronological age at diagnosis.MethodSecondary data analyses were conducted for a sample of 1384 parents of children with ASD utilizing data from the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS‐CSHCN, 2009–2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs, 2009) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pathways to Diagnosis and Services (CDC PDS, Survey of pathways to diagnosis and services, 2011).ResultsApproximately 44% of the sample experienced predominantly delayed HCP responses, 38% experienced predominantly proactive responses, while the remaining 18% experienced a relatively even mix of delayed and proactive responses across HCPs. With regard to outcomes correlated with the type of HCP response, individuals exposed to proactive HCPs were diagnosed with ASD almost a year earlier for child chronological age than individuals exposed to mixed HCPs. This difference increased beyond a year between individuals receiving proactive HCPs versus individuals experiencing delayed HCPs. Finally, after controlling for socioeconomic status, parent‐reported severity of ASD symptoms, and age at time of referral, proactive HCP was correlated with decreased time to diagnosis from parental first report of ASD symptoms.ConclusionsResults are discussed with regard to increasing proactive HCP responses to parental first concerns of ASD symptomology versus a mix or delayed responses.
Cultural Influences on Toddlers’ Prosocial Behavior: How Maternal Task Assignment Relates to Helping Others
Authors: Köster Moritz , Cavalcante Lilia , Vera Cruz de Carvalho Rafael , Dôgo Resende Briseida , Kärtner Joscha 
Published: November 2016

This cross‐cultural study investigates how maternal task assignment relates to toddlers’ requested behavior and helping between 18 and 30 months. One hundred seven mother–child dyads were assessed in three different cultural contexts (rural Brazil, urban Germany, and urban Brazil). Brazilian mothers showed assertive scaffolding (serious and insistent requesting), whereas German mothers employed deliberate scaffolding (asking, pleading, and giving explanations). Assertive scaffolding related to toddlers’ requested behavior in all samples. Importantly, assertive scaffolding was associated with toddlers’ helping in rural Brazil, whereas mothers’ deliberate scaffolding related to toddlers’ helping behavior in urban Germany. These findings highlight the role of caregivers’ socialization practices for the early ontogeny of helping behavior and suggest culture‐specific developmental pathways along the lines of interpersonal responsibility and personal choice.
Puberty Predicts Approach But Not Avoidance on the Iowa Gambling Task in a Multinational Sample
Authors: Icenogle Grace , Steinberg Laurence , Olino Thomas M. , Shulman Elizabeth P. , Chein Jason , Alampay Liane P. , Al‐Hassan Suha M. , Takash Hanan M. S. , Bacchini Dario , Chang Lei , Chaudhary Nandita , Di Giunta Laura , Dodge Kenneth A. , Fanti Kostas A. , Lansford Jennifer E. , Malone Patrick S. , Oburu Paul , Pastorelli Concetta , Skinner Ann T. , Sorbring Emma , Tapanya Sombat , Uribe Tirado Liliana M. 
Published: November 2016

According to the dual systems model of adolescent risk taking, sensation seeking and impulse control follow different developmental trajectories across adolescence and are governed by two different brain systems. The authors tested whether different underlying processes also drive age differences in reward approach and cost avoidance. Using a modified Iowa Gambling Task in a multinational, cross‐sectional sample of 3,234 adolescents (ages 9–17; M = 12.87, SD = 2.36), pubertal maturation, but not age, predicted reward approach, mediated through higher sensation seeking. In contrast, age, but not pubertal maturation, predicted increased cost avoidance, mediated through greater impulse control. These findings add to evidence that adolescent behavior is best understood as the product of two interacting, but independently developing, brain systems.
Young Children's Use of Surface and Object Information in Drawings of Everyday Scenes
Authors: Dillon Moira R. , Spelke Elizabeth S. 
Published: November 2016

Pictorial symbols such as photographs, drawings, and maps are ubiquitous in modern cultures. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how children relate these symbols to the scenes that they represent. The present work investigates 4‐year‐old children's (N = 144) sensitivity to extended surface layouts and objects when using drawings of a room to find locations in that room. Children used either extended surfaces or objects when interpreting drawings, but they did not combine these two types of information to disambiguate target locations. Moreover, children's evaluations of drawings depicting surfaces or objects did not align with their use of such information in those drawings. These findings suggest that pictures of all kinds serve as media in which children deploy symbolic spatial skills flexibly and automatically.
Making meaningful connections: using insights from social pedagogy in statutory child and family social work practice
Authors: Ruch Gillian , Winter Karen , Cree Viv , Hallett Sophie , Morrison Fiona , Hadfield Mark 
Published: November 2016

AbstractReports into incidents of child death and serious injury have highlighted consistently concern about the capacity of social workers to communicate skilfully with children. Drawing on data collected as part of an Economic and Social Research Council funded UK‐wide research project exploring social workers' communicative practices with children, this paper explores how approaches informed by social pedagogy can assist social workers in connecting and communicating with with children. The qualitative research included data generated from 82 observations of social workers' everyday encounters with children. Social pedagogical concepts of ‘haltung’ (attitude), ‘head, heart and hands’ and ‘the common third’ are outlined as potentially helpful approaches for facilitating the intimacies of inter‐personal connections and enhancing social workers' capacity to establish and sustain meaningful communication and relationships with children in the face of austere social, political and organisational contexts.