bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metamaterial enhanced sensor for powder material classification
Authors: Zamel Hany M. , Abd El-Rahman Sherine Ismail , Attiya Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a simple and efficient approach is presented to classify different power materials based on a one port microwave sensor in X-band. This classification focuses on powder materials, unlike prior studies that focused on liquids (castor oil, neem oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, and mahua oil), this classification represents a shift towards powdered materials. The response of the proposed sensor is enhanced by adding a metamaterial (MTM) unit cell of F-shape to focus electromagnetic waves on the sample under test. This metamaterial-based sensor is designed to differentiate between different types of materials based on the corresponding reflection coefficient. The sample under test is included inside a dielectric box inserted inside a rectangular waveguide. The MTM unit cell is added on the front face of this box towards the direction of the incident wave. The resonance frequency depends on the characteristics of the powder material inside the box. The MTM unit cell enhances this resonance to simplify the process of classification of different materials. The measured results show that the proposed sensor can detect a wide range of powder materials, including clay, cement, sand, and mixtures: cement & sand, and clay & sand. The designed sensor can be used in various applications, including detection and classification of different powder materials in industrial applications.
Clinical utility of rapid on-site evaluation of brush cytology during bronchoscopy using endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath
Authors: Nishiyama Kazuhiro , Morikawa Kei , Kaneko Shotaro , Nishida Makoto , Matsushima Aya , Nishi Yoshihiro , Numata Yu , Shinozaki Yusuke , Tsuruoka Hajime , Kida Hirotaka , Handa Hiroshi , Shimada Naoki , Okawa Chie , Ohike Nobuyuki , Koike Junki , Mineshita Masamichi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) improves the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy using endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). While ROSE of imprint cytology from forceps biopsy has been widely discussed, there are few reports on ROSE of brush cytology. This study investigated the utility of ROSE of brush cytology during bronchoscopy. We retrospectively analyzed data from 214 patients who underwent bronchoscopy with EBUS-GS for PPL. The patients in the ROSE group had significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity through the entire bronchoscopy process than in the non-ROSE group (96.8% vs. 83.3%, P = 0.002). The use of ROSE significantly increased the sensitivity of brush cytology with Papanicolaou staining (92.9% vs. 75.0%, P < 0.001). When ROSE was sequentially repeated on brushing specimens, initially negative ROSE results converted to positive in 79.5% of cases, and the proportion of specimens with high tumor cell counts increased from 42.1 to 69.0%. This study concludes that ROSE of brush cytology improves the diagnostic accuracy of bronchoscopy and enhances specimen quality through repeated brushing.
Untangling the environmental drivers of gross primary productivity in African rangelands
Authors: Lomax Guy A. , Powell Thomas W. R. , Lenton Timothy M. , Economou Theo , Cunliffe Andrew M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrecipitation variability is forecast to increase under climate change but its impacts on vegetation productivity are complex. Here, we use generalised additive models and remote sensing-derived datasets to quantify the effect of precipitation amount, distribution, and intensity on the gross primary productivity of dry rangelands across sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2019 and differentiate these effects from other variables. We find that total precipitation is the primary driver of productivity, but that more variable rainfall has a small negative effect across vegetation types and rainfall regimes. Temperature and soil nitrogen also have strong effects, especially in drier rangelands. Shrublands and grasslands are more sensitive to environmental variability than savannas. Our findings support a model in which the main constraints on productivity are maintenance of soil moisture and minimisation of plant water stress. This highlights the risks of climate warming and increasing variability for productivity in water-limited grass and shrublands but suggests savannas may have greater resilience in Africa.
Back to Normal or New Reality? How the COVID-19 Pandemic Continues to Influence School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists at the Start of the 2023–2024 School Year
Authors: Sylvan Lesley , Kwak Madelyn , Gouck Madeleine , Goldstein Erica 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The COVID-19 pandemic was a far-reaching disruptor in K–12 education beginning in the spring of 2020 when nearly all schools pivoted to remote instruction. Although the pandemic was officially declared over by the World Health Organization in May 2023, many questions remain about the long-term impact of the pandemic on K–12 education. The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the continued impact of the pandemic among school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) at the onset of the 2023–2024 school year.

Method:
This study involved a survey of 193 school-based SLPs between September and December 2023. The results of the survey were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively to identify key themes and trends related to how the pandemic influences both their direct work with students and how they approach and reflect on their own careers. Multiple efforts were made to ensure the credibility and trustworthiness of the analysis.

Results:
This survey found that although many SLPs in public schools have largely returned to prepandemic practices, most perceived that the pandemic continues to influence their work in key ways. Specifically, survey responses highlighted the altered needs of students (e.g., social–emotional needs and academic gaps) as well as changes to how SLPs reflect on their careers as professionals serving communities.

Conclusion:
The results of this study indicate that although the most obvious effects of the pandemic are no longer visible in schools (e.g., masking, distancing, relying on virtual services), the pandemic continues to make the work of school-based SLPs more challenging as they navigate the disconnect between the postpandemic demands of their work and prepandemic expectations, policies, and regulations.
An innovative model for an enhanced dual intrusion detection system using LZ‐JC‐DBSCAN, EPRC‐RPOA and EG‐GELU‐GRU
Authors: R. C. Jeyavim Sherin , K. Parkavi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe rise of suspicious activities in network communication, driven by increased internet accessibility, necessitates the development of advanced intrusion detection systems (IDS). Existing IDS solutions often exhibit poor performance in detecting suspicious activity and fail to identify various attack types within packet capture (PCAP) files, which monitor network traffic. This paper proposes a deep learning‐based dual IDS model designed to address these issues. The process begins with utilizing the CSE‐CIC‐IDS2019 dataset to extract features from PCAP files. Suspicious activities are detected using the Exponential Geometric‐Gaussian Error Linear Units‐Gated Recurrent Unit (EG‐GELU‐GRU) method. Normal data undergoes further feature extraction and preprocessing through Log ZScore‐Jacosine Density‐Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (LZ‐JC‐DBSCAN). Feature selection is optimized using the Entropy Pearson R Correlation‐Red Panda optimization algorithm. Suspicious files are flagged, while load balancing is performed on normal data. Attack detection is achieved through word embedding with the Glorot Kaufman‐bidirectional encoder representations from transformers technique and classification via the EG‐GELU‐GRU model. Attacked packets are blocked, and the method is reapplied for attack‐type classification. Experimental results using Python demonstrate the model’s superior performance, achieving 98.18% accuracy and 98.73% precision, surpassing existing approaches and significantly enhancing intrusion detection capabilities.
Lithium inventory estimation of battery using incremental capacity analysis, support vector machine, particle swarm optimisation
Authors: Zhang Xingbo , Chen Kui , Long Zhou , Luo Yang , Li Yang , Zhu Jiamin , Liu Kai , Gao Guoqiang , Wu Guangning 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn order to guarantee the durability and security of electric vehicles (EV), the ageing estimation of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is of great practical significance. Lithium inventory is an important indicator for assessing the LIB ageing process. Incremental capacity (IC), particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and support vector machine (SVM) are proposed to estimate the LIBs lithium inventory. Firstly, the IC curve that reflect the electrochemical reaction is analysed, and the middle peak of IC curve that characterises the material phase transition point is selected to represent the LIB lithium inventory. IC curve is smoothed by the Savitzky–Golay method to eliminate noise. Three features of the charging voltage curve are selected as the LIB health feature, and the correlation between three features and the lithium inventory is analysed by using the grey relation analysis method. Then, the mapping relationship between the lithium inventory and three health features is established based on SVM. PSO is used to optimise SVM kernel and penalty parameters to improve the precision of LIBs lithium inventory estimation. Finally, the proposed method is verified by three ageing experiments of LIBs. The results show that the proposed method can precisely estimate the lithium inventory of different LIBs.
Die Gestaltung der Organisation Krankenhaus: Ein
Stakeholder-Ansatz
Authors: Naegler Heinz 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungNicht alle der auf der Makro-Ebene des Gesundheitssystems gefällten
Entscheidungen beeinflussen die Arbeitsbedingungen der Ärzte, Pflegefachkräfte,
Therapeuten und anderer direkt. Sie bedürfen vielmehr zunächst der Umsetzung
durch Entscheidungen der dafür Verantwortlichen auf der Meso-Ebene des
Krankenhauses.Essentiell für die Ergebnisse dieser Umsetzungsprozesse sind nicht nur die für
diese geltenden Regeln. Es sind vor allem auch die Kriterien, die bei dem Fällen
der Entscheidungen – bei der Bewertung der zur Verfügung stehenden
Lösungs-Alternativen – bedacht werden sollen. Dabei handelt es sich einerseits
um medizin- und pflegeethische Normen, deren Berücksichtigung sicherstellen
soll, die Arbeitsbedingungen so zu konfigurieren, dass es den Akteuren im
klinischen Bereich ermöglicht wird, ihr Handeln vorwiegend an den Prinzipien
Wohltun, Nichtschaden und Achtung der Patientenautonomie zu orientieren. Es
handelt sich zum anderen um die Bedürfnisse diverser Stakeholder – dazu zählen
Patienten und deren Angehörige, Mitarbeitende, Eigentümer des Krankenhauses,
einweisende Ärzte und andere –, deren Befriedigung die Stakeholder mittels der
Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Umsetzungs-Entscheidungen beanspruchen.Es fragt sich indessen, ob alle die geltend gemachten Stakeholder-Bedürfnisse bei
der Gestaltung der Krankenhaus-Organisation berücksichtigt werden müssen, damit
die Bedürfnisse befriedigt werden können. Möglicherweise sind darunter
Bedürfnisse, deren Befriedigung die Qualität der Patientenversorgung
beeinträchtigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit greift diese Fragen auf. Sie geht von der
Annahme aus, dass die Gestaltung der Stakeholder-Bedürfnis-Auswahl als
Konkretisierung des organisationsethischen Ansatzes der
Krankenhaus-Organisations-Gestaltung dazu beitragen kann, negativen Auswirkungen
der Ökonomisierung der Medizin erfolgreich zu begegnen.
Herausforderungen und Chancen bei der Versorgung von Menschen am Lebensende im Strafvollzug
Authors: Heyl Lia , Stiel Stephanie 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Inhaftierte Menschen haben bei Bedarf ein Recht auf Palliativversorgung. Die Rahmenbedingungen der Versorgung unterscheiden sich von denen im öffentlichen Gesundheitssystem. Ziel der Studie ist die Exploration von Herausforderungen und Chancen der Palliativversorgung im Strafvollzug.
Methodik Durchgeführt wurde ein Fokusgruppeninterview mit Expert*innen der Palliativversorgung im Strafvollzug. Das Interview wurde mit der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Die Interaktion von Krankheitsverlauf und Rahmenbedingungen des Strafvollzugs beeinflusst die Versorgung schwer erkrankter Inhaftierter. Hieraus ergeben sich Herausforderungen, aber auch Vorteile gegenüber der Palliativversorgung im öffentlichen Gesundheitssystem.
Schlussfolgerungen Zukünftige Forschung sollte die Schnittstellenproblematik zwischen interner und externer Versorgung von Inhaftierten sowie multidimensionale Bedarfe von Inhaftierten am Lebensende beleuchten.
Cnicus benedictus: Folk Medicinal Uses, Biological Activities, and In Silico Screening of Main Phytochemical Constituents
Authors: Ziętal Katarzyna , Mirowska-Guzel Dagmara , Nowaczyk Alicja , Blecharz-Klin Kamilla 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTraditional medicine has long recognized the therapeutic potential of Cnicus benedictus, and recent scientific research has shed light on the pharmacological properties of this plant. The bioactive compounds that can be extracted from it, such as the sesquiterpene lactones arctigenin, arctiin, and cnicin, are very interesting to researchers.In this article, based on available data from pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies, we delve into the pharmacology of the active constituents of this plant to explore its potential therapeutic applications and underlying mechanisms of action. In addition, we present a computer analysis designed to reveal the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of the main phytochemicals that are active in C. benedictus through new in silico techniques and predictive tools such as SwissADME and PubChem.The data from the in silico study presented here support the traditional use of C. benedictus, as well as its promise as a source of new therapeutic chemical compounds.
International students as language managers
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Hamid M. Obaidul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Many studies have reported language problems faced by international students in cross-cultural study-abroad
settings. The present study investigated Chinese international students’ linguistic insecurity during their study-abroad in
Australia, and the strategies that they deployed to manage this. Based on interviews with ten students from two different
international programs, we found that the students felt anxious and insecure about their language ability in the English-only
environment, which provided limited support for their academic and social survival. Moreover, their other linguistic resources
remained unrecognized in the prevailing discourse of standardized English with its concomitant linguistic and social prejudices.
Realizing that linguistic insecurity was affecting their study, life, and wellbeing, they implemented a series of measures and
strategies to manage their language problems and achieve a sense of linguistic security. The findings can assist international
students in developing an understanding of their language life in study-abroad settings, and education institutions in providing
appropriate support to international students to enhance their linguistic security in the host society.
《中文听说读写》的语法教学
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Jie 
Published: September 2024

提要
本文基于《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》来考察北美本土最具代表性的初中级中文教材《中文听说读写》语法点的覆盖情况、等级分布、种类分布和介绍方式，对《中文听说读写》的语法介绍提出建议，为国际中文教学教材与《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》接轨提供参考和借鉴。
Pairing method and young learners’ use of previously known languages during task-based interaction
Authors: Martínez-Adrián María , Arratibel-Irazusta Izaskun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent research examining adult and young learners have concluded that pairing method (self-selected vs.
proficiency-matched pairings) may affect learning opportunities operationalized as language-related episodes (LREs). But how it
influences previously known language (PKL) use during task-based interaction is an under researched topic. This study sets out to
explore whether the pairing method (self-selected vs. proficiency-matched pairings) during speaking and speaking+writing tasks
completed by 10 to 11-year-old children has an effect on the amount and functions of PKLs. The study found that, in both tasks,
self-selected pairs generated a greater amount of two functions: minor turns and vocabulary discussions. In the speaking+writing
task specifically, self-selected pairs had greater PKL and greater off-task talk.
A density-functional-theory-based study of the lead-free perovskite materials CsGeX3 and CsGeX2X′ (X, X′ = Cl, Br, I) for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Ranjan Prabhat , Chakraborty Tanmoy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this report, the perovskite materials CsGeX3 and CsGeX2X′ (X and X’=Cl, Br, I) are studied using density functional theory (DFT) and a time-dependent (TD)-DFT approach. The structural, optoelectronic, and thermal characteristics of these materials are analysed using B3LYP/LANL2DZ and CAM-B3LYP/LANL2DZ functionals. The lattice constants and volume get intensified from CsGeCl3 to CsGeBr3 to CsGeI3. In the mixed halides CsGeX2X′, the lattice constants and volume also follow a similar trend. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap, computed from CAM-B3LYP, is higher compared to the B3LYP. For CsGeX3, HOMO–LUMO gaps computed from the functionals B3LYP/LanL2DZ and Cam-B3LYP/LanL2DZ are in the range of 1.13–2.12 eV and 1.62–3.03 eV, respectively, and for mixed halides, CuGeX2X′, they vary from 1.66 eV to 2.60 eV and 1.90 eV to 2.75 eV, respectively. For mixed halide perovskites, the maximum HOMO–LUMO gap is found for CsGeBr2Cl. The HOMO–LUMO gaps of these perovskite materials obtained from the functional Cam-B3LYP/LanL2DZ are in line with the previously stated data and in the range needed for optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. Quantum chemical descriptors and conceptual density-functional-based parameters are computed. The optical electronegativity values of CsGeX3 and CsGeX2X’ are found to be directly proportional to the HOMO–LUMO gaps of these materials. The absorption spectra of mixed halides obtained from B3LYP/LanL2DZ are high compared to CAM-B3LYP/LanL2DZ. The computed data reveal a systematic reduction in thermal energy, Gibbs energy, and Zero-Point Vibrational Energy (ZPVE) as a consequence of substituting X-site atoms from Cl to Br to I.
Rotating machinery early fault detection integrating variational mode decomposition and multiscale singular value decomposition
Authors: Lu Hong , Zhang Wei , Chen Zhimin , Li Zhangjie , Zhang Yongquan , Yang Minghui , Zou Chao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Security and reliability are important issues that must be paid attention to during the operation of rotating machinery. If defects can be found in the early stage, there will be enough time to take maintenance measures and realize the stable operation of equipment. However, the presence of noise, shaft rotation signals, gear meshing signals, and other interfering factors often obfuscate fault signals, rendering the early detection of defects an arduous undertaking. Against this backdrop, this study presents an advanced approach for early defect detection, integrating the virtues of variational mode decomposition (VMD) and multiscale singular value decomposition (MSVD). Initially, a novel evaluation index is constructed by combining envelope entropy and envelope spectrum sparsity. Based on this a method is proposed to adaptively determine the critical parameters of VMD, enabling the adaptive decomposition of vibration signals into a series of modal components. The optimal sensitive components are then discerned utilizing the characteristic frequency intensity coefficient index. Subsequently, to address the limitations of single VMD methods in effectively suppressing low-frequency noise, the MSVD method is proposed for effective noise reduction, which reconstructs the signal after SVD of the signal within each segment through the operation of successive signal segmentation. Ultimately, envelope spectrum analysis is conducted on the reconstructed signal, facilitating the precise extraction of fault characteristic frequency information and enabling early fault identification. The efficacy of this novel methodology is evaluated through simulations and actual vibration signals, successfully discerning early faults afflicting rotating machinery.
Glycogen nanoparticles for efficient mRNA transduction to T lymphocytes
Authors: Gao Yufeng , Zhang Jiarong , Li Ruitong , Chen Jinghua , Gao Min 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
T lymphocyte therapies demonstrate significant promise in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. An efficient gene delivery system is essential for the safe and reliable introduction of exogenous genes, especially mRNA, into cells to achieve therapeutic purposes. Commercial transfection reagents are suitable for the transduction of plasmids to adherent cells, whereas they are ineffective for suspension cells such as T lymphocytes and for unstable mRNA. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of transfection reagents themselves constitutes an impediment to their application. The challenge of mRNA transduction to T lymphocytes with high efficiency is notably formidable. An innovative transfection strategy is urgently needed. In this study, we synthesized aminated glycogen (AGly) nanoparticles as gene vectors, encapsulating mRNA to facilitate the efficient transfection of T lymphocytes. Compared to commercial transfection reagent polyethylenimine (PEI), the AGly demonstrated favorable biocompatibility. The positive charge provided AGly with pH buffering ability and mRNA-binding capacity. AGly formed stable nanoparticles with mRNA, which were readily internalized by suspension cells and enhanced the cellular uptake of mRNA. In the T lymphocyte model cell lines (Jurkat cells and HuT 78 cells), AGly demonstrated superior transfection efficiency than that of PEI. Consequently, AGly can emerge as a viable mRNA vector for the efficient transfection of T lymphocytes whilst circumventing the issue of cytotoxicity. The AGly designed in this study provides a novel concept for the exploitation of transfection reagents and proposes a promising methodology for the proficient transfection of T lymphocytes which may significantly contribute to the treatment of cancer and other complex diseases.
Progress in particular fields of fusion technology presented at the 29th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference 2023
Authors: Hesch Klaus 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper provides an overview on the progress in fusion technologies presented during the 29th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference held in October 2023 at London, UK, with a focus on the topics ITER technology, heating and current drive technology as well as fusion nuclear technology, including fusion nuclear science as well as technology research devices. A complementary contribution, authored by Amanda Quadling, covers the topics materials development, in-vessel components, licensing & safety, socio-economics and environment, as well as next step machine designs.