bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional Quality Mediates the Effect of Human Capital on Economic Performance
Authors: Adams‐Kane Jonathon , Lim Jamus Jerome 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper considers the relationship between institutional quality, educational outcomes, and economic performance. More specifically, we seek to establish the linkages by which government effectiveness affects per capita income via its mediating impact on human capital formation. Our empirical approach adopts a two‐stage strategy that estimates national‐level educational production functions that include government effectiveness as a covariate, and uses these estimates as instruments for human capital in cross‐country regressions of per capita income. Our results identify a significant and positive effect of human capital on per capita income levels, and partially resolves the inconsistency between macro‐ and micro‐level studies of the effect of human capital on income. The results remain robust to alternative specifications, extension to a panel setting, subsamples of the data and fully endogenous institutions.
Welfare‐improving Coordinated Tariff and Sales Tax Reforms under Imperfect Competition
Authors: Okawa Masayuki , Iguchi Tatsuya 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper studies the welfare effects of coordinated domestic sales tax reform associated with a reduction of the import tariff under imperfect competition. We set up a simple oligopoly trading model where domestic and exporting firms compete in the home market. We show that, if the initial levels of import tariff and sales tax are positive, there always exist welfare‐improving sales tax reforms. In some cases, a reduction of the sales tax accompanied by a reduction of the import tariff increases social welfare, whereas in other cases, raising the sales tax can increase social welfare.
Environmental Ramsey Policy and Sustainable Balanced Growth
Authors: Park Hyun , Philippopoulos Apostolis 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe study the link among economic growth, renewable natural resources and environmental policy. The context is a general equilibrium model of endogenous growth and environmental policy. We examine the conditions under which sustainable growth is both feasible and optimal, where the latter takes the form of second‐best optimal environmental Ramsey policies. We also investigate the conditions for an inverted U‐shaped relation between environmental policies and sustainable growth. We show that the combination of environmental production externalities and second‐best optimal Ramsey policies can lead to both local and global indeterminacy. The introduction of environmental policy, although well‐intentioned and designed to correct for market inefficiencies, triggers an expectations coordination problem; thereby differences in environmental quality and economic growth can be explained among countries with the same fundamentals.
Revenue‐enhancing Trade Liberalization in a Differentiated Duopoly
Authors: Shim Kieun , Jeong Kyonghwa 
Published: April 2016

AbstractExisting studies suggest that in developing countries, tax reforms that increase consumption taxes can compensate for shortfalls in revenue from a tariff reduction. However, these revenue‐enhancing tariff–tax reforms have a critical shortcoming—they generally reduce welfare under imperfect competition. This paper shows that tax reforms such as consumption tax reforms do not necessarily have to be implemented to make up for revenue shortfalls from tariff reductions under imperfect competition, because trade liberalization through tariff cuts leads to an increase in government revenue when domestic and imported goods have a high substitutability. This revenue‐enhancing effect of a tariff reduction occurs for a wider degree of product substitutability when initial tariff and consumption tax rates are high. More importantly, we show that even if initial tariff and consumption tax rates are sufficiently low, a tariff reduction still increases government revenue for a low degree of product differentiation under Bertrand competition.
Credit Constraints, Technology Choice and Exports: A Firm‐level Study for Latin American Countries
Authors: Hasan Syed , Sheldon Ian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper, constraints on technology choice and credit access are introduced into a firm‐level trade model in a dynamic setting in order to explain factors that limit benefits to a firm from trade liberalization. Theoretical analysis shows that firms face credit constraints depending on their initial productivity and the cost of credit. As a result, credit‐constrained firms may not be able to cross the minimum productivity threshold needed to enter and compete in a foreign market. Empirical analysis using firm‐level panel data for six Latin American countries confirms that financial constraints negatively influence firms' export and investment decisions.
Kaldorian Disaggregation, Temporary Migration and Domestic Welfare
Authors: Lai Jennifer T. , Hazari Bharat R. , Mohan Vijay 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe build a model with two agents: domestic residents and temporary immigrants. The model incorporates Kaldorian disaggregation, with the two groups consuming different goods produced in the economy. It is established that, under certain conditions, an increase in immigrant labor lowers the welfare of the domestic residents. This runs against conventional wisdom that temporary immigration enhances the welfare of domestic residents.
Is there also a North–South Divide in the Diffusion of Crime? A Cluster Analysis of Italian Provinces
Authors: Lombardo Rosetta 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe presence of crime is often considered as one of the most important social variables to be negatively associated with economic development. As is well known, Italy exhibits an economic divide between its central‐northern and southern regions. This paper tries to ascertain whether there is also a divide in the diffusion of crime. To this purpose, Italian provinces are classified into groups by using a new methodology that combines cluster analysis with time series cross‐section data. The statistical searches for groups are carried out by using an unbalanced time series cross‐section data‐set made up of yearly observations. The results of the analysis show that crime is not inextricably tied to certain geographical locations, and not others, as is usually believed.
Compound Random Measures and their Use in Bayesian Non-Parametrics
Authors: Griffin Jim E. , Leisen Fabrizio 
Published: April 2016

Summary
A new class of dependent random measures which we call compound random measures is proposed and the use of normalized versions of these random measures as priors in Bayesian non-parametric mixture models is considered. Their tractability allows the properties of both compound random measures and normalized compound random measures to be derived. In particular, we show how compound random measures can be constructed with gamma, σ-stable and generalized gamma process marginals. We also derive several forms of the Laplace exponent and characterize dependence through both the Lévy copula and the correlation function. An augmented Pólya urn scheme sampler and a slice sampler are described for posterior inference when a normalized compound random measure is used as the mixing measure in a non-parametric mixture model and a data example is discussed.
Efficient Estimation of Semiparametric Transformation Models for the Cumulative Incidence of Competing Risks
Authors: Mao Lu , Lin D. Y. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe cumulative incidence is the probability of failure from the cause of interest over a certain time period in the presence of other risks. A semiparametric regression model proposed by Fine and Gray has become the method of choice for formulating the effects of covariates on the cumulative incidence. Its estimation, however, requires modelling of the censoring distribution and is not statistically efficient. We present a broad class of semiparametric transformation models which extends the Fine and Gray model, and we allow for unknown causes of failure. We derive the non-parametric maximum likelihood estimators and develop simple and fast numerical algorithms using the profile likelihood. We establish the consistency, asymptotic normality and semiparametric efficiency of the non-parametric maximum likelihood estimators. In addition, we construct graphical and numerical procedures to evaluate and select models. Finally, we demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methods over the existing methods through extensive simulation studies and an application to a major study on bone marrow transplantation.
Sexuality in men after prostate cancer surgery: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Schantz Laursen Birgitte 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionProstate cancer affects a growing number of men. Although erectile dysfunction is a well‐known side effect, its impact on sex life and sexuality is under‐researched.PurposeThe aim of this study was therefore to elucidate the effect of surgical treatment for prostate cancer on men's sexuality.MethodsData for the descriptive qualitative study were collected in interviews. The author applied a phenomenological–hermeneutic frame of understanding.ResultsFour themes appeared in the analysis of the interviews: lack of control, sense of self, intimate relations and redefining sexuality.ConclusionMen experience erectile dysfunction as a negative influence on their sexuality with respect to their sex life, sense of self and intimate relations. The dysfunction is thus shown not only to affect sexual life but also to have repercussions for a range of aspects in male intimate life. A broader perspective should be applied in supporting the men's efforts towards improving their quality of life, for example through sexual counselling services performed by nurses.
Can the everyday technology use questionnaire predict overall functional level among older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild‐stage alzheimer's disease? – a pilot study
Authors: Ryd Charlotta , Nygård Louise , Malinowsky Camilla , Öhman Annika , Kottorp Anders 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionThe number of older adults living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild‐stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing and they are often expected to live in their own homes without support, despite limited ability to perform daily life activities. The Everyday Technology Use Questionnaire (ETUQ) has proven to be able to separate these groups and might also have potential to predict overall functional level (need of assistance in daily life activities) among them.AimTo investigate whether the ETUQ can predict overall functional level among older adults with MCI or mild‐stage AD.MethodParticipants were older adults with a mean age of 76 years with MCI (n = 28) or mild‐stage AD (n = 39). A three‐step scale indicating (i) independence, (ii) need for minimal assistance or (iii) need for moderate to maximal assistance in daily life was dichotomised in two ways and used as outcome variables in two logistic regression models. Predictors in both models were perceived ability to use everyday technology (ET) and amount of relevant everyday technologies measured by the ETUQ. Ethical approval was obtained from the regional Ethical Committee.ResultPerceived ability to use ET discriminated individuals who were independent or in need of minimal support from those in need of moderate to maximal assistance (OR = 1.82, p < 0.01, confidence interval = 95%; 1.76–2.82). The amount of relevant everyday technologies discriminated individuals who were independent from those in need of assistance at any level (OR = 1.39; p < 0.01; confidence interval = 95%; 1.11–1.75).ConclusionBoth perceived ability to use ET and amount of relevant everyday technologies had potential to predict overall function but at different levels. The findings support the predictive validity of the ETUQ and suggest further research for the development of clinical cut‐off criteria.
KIR genotypic diversity in Portuguese and analysis of KIR gene allocation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ligeiro D. , Buhler S. , Abecasis M. , Abade O. , Sanchez‐Mazas A. , da Silva M. Gomes , Trindade H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe diversity of killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR) genes was evaluated in Portuguese and the observed genotypic profiles were found related to the ones reported in European populations. The KIR repertoire after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is determined by these gene frequencies and the KIR group B motifs are the less common. We estimated donor–KIR/recipient–ligand interactions in transplants with related donors and unrelated donors found in a local registry or from abroad. A large fraction of transplants had all three ligands of inhibitory receptors, and therefore, in theory were not prone to natural killer cell (NK) mediated alloreactivity. Furthermore, the distribution of KIR alloreactive interactions was found independent of the donor–recipient genetic proximity, probably because of different gene segregation and comparable KIR frequencies in the donor pools.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for canine CD138 (syndecan‐1) for nuclear medicine preclinical trials on spontaneous tumours
Authors: Diab M. , Nguyen F. , Berthaud M. , Maurel C. , Gaschet J. , Verger E. , Ibisch C. , Rousseau C. , Chérel M. , Abadie J. , Davodeau F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe isolated 11 antibodies specific for canine CD138 (cCD138) to validate the interest of CD138 antigen targeting in dogs with spontaneous mammary carcinoma. The affinity of the monoclonal antibodies in the nanomolar range is suitable for immunohistochemistry and nuclear medicine applications. Four distinct epitopes were recognized on cCD138 by this panel of antibodies. CD138 expression in canine healthy tissues is comparable to that reported in humans. CD138 is frequently expressed in canine mammary carcinomas corresponding to the human triple negative breast cancer subtype, with cytoplasmic and membranous expression. In canine diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, CD138 expression is associated with the ‘non‐germinal center’ phenotype corresponding to the most aggressive subtype in humans. This homology of CD138 expression between dogs and humans confirms the relevance of tumour‐bearing dogs as spontaneous models for nuclear medicine applications, especially for the evaluation of new tumour targeting strategies for diagnosis by phenotypic imaging and radio‐immunotherapy.
Retrospective evaluation of shortened prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time for the diagnosis of hypercoagulability in dogs: 25 cases (2006–2011)
Authors: Song Jennifer , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Silverstein Deborah C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between shortened prothrombin time (PT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) values, clinical findings associated with hypercoagulability, suspicion of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), D‐dimer concentrations, and thromboelastogram (TEG) indices.DesignRetrospective observational study from 2006 to 2011.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsTwenty‐three dogs with TEG tracings and shortened PT or aPTT values and 23 control dogs with TEG tracings and normal PT and aPTT values.Measurements and Main ResultsParameters evaluated included signalment, coagulation testing results (PT, aPTT, D‐dimer concentration), TEG measurements (R, K, α, maximal amplitude) and calculated clotting index, findings of clinical hypercoagulability (thrombosis of intravenous/intra‐arterial catheters, vessel thrombosis, and suspected PTE). Dogs with shortened PT or aPTT had significantly more thrombus formation (P= 0.038), suspicion of PTE (P< 0.001), and increased D‐dimer concentration (P< 0.001) compared to dogs with normal PT and aPTT values. There were no significant findings when compared to TEG values.ConclusionsA shortened PT or aPTT in dogs may be indicative of a hypercoagulable state as evidenced by an increased incidence of thrombosis, frequency of suspected PTE, and increased circulating D‐dimers. A prospective study is warranted to further evaluate the use of PT and aPTT to diagnose hypercoagulable states.
Evaluation of the safety and tolerability of rivaroxaban in dogs with presumed primary immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia
Authors: Morassi Alice , Bianco Domenico , Park Ed , Nakamura Reid K. , White George A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and tolerability of rivaroxaban (RIV), an oral direct factor Xa inhibitory drug, in dogs with presumed primary immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (pIMHA).DesignProspective, multicenter, positive‐controlled, unblinded clinical trial. Client‐owned dogs were enrolled between October 2012 and March 2014.SettingPrivate referral centers.AnimalsTwenty‐four client‐owned dogs with pIMHA. Enrolled dogs were randomized in 2 treatment groups to receive by mouth RIV or clopidogrel (CL) and low‐dose aspirin (LDA). All dogs were monitored for 90 days from the enrollment in the study.InterventionsEnrolled dogs were given a standardized immunosuppressive protocol and RIV or CL and LDA.Measurements and Main ResultsThere was no identifiable adverse drug reaction, evidence of hemorrhage, significant prolongation of prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time, or increase in transfusion requirements associated with RIV therapy compared to CL and LDA in dogs with pIMHA. There was no significant difference between treatment groups with respect to thrombotic events, survival rates to discharge, at 1 month and 3 months from diagnosis.ConclusionsThis study suggests that RIV at a median dose of 0.89 mg/kg by mouth once daily was safe and well tolerated in a small group of dogs with presumed pIMHA able to tolerate oral medications and treated with a standardized immunosuppressive treatment protocol. Conclusions regarding the relative efficacy of RIV as compared to CL and LDA cannot be made due to the small size of the treatment groups and because pharmacodynamic effects were not assessed.
Using the Freeth/Kirkpatrick model to evaluate interprofessional learning outcomes in a rural setting
Authors: Craig Pippa , Hall Sally , Phillips Christine 
Published: April 2016

Background: Considerable claims have been made for the benefits of interprofessional learning (IPL) despite limited evidence of its long-term effectiveness. A collaboration between the Australian National University and the University of South Australia offered opportunities for senior health professional students to undertake IPL teamwork placements in rural NSW—the Health “Hubs and Spokes” Project. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using mixed methods, the outcomes of an IPL project on all four levels of the Freeth/Kirkpatrick evaluation model. Methods: Students completed a debriefing questionnaire, the Interprofessional Education Perception Scale (IEPS) and the Team Performance Scale (TPS) at the time they undertook IPL placements. A follow-up study measured anticipated professional networks and extent of their interprofessional experience. IPL facilitators, clinical supervisors and local health service representatives were asked to provide their views of perceived project outcomes. Results: Initial evaluation demonstrated positive student reaction (Level 1), attitude change and collaborative skills (Level 2). While the follow-up study failed to show significant changes in the size of expected professional networks, qualitative exploration of transfer of learning to professional practice (Level 3) and impact of IPL placements in rural locations (Level 4) suggest a positive impact on participants and on healthcare delivery. Conclusion: The project generated student satisfaction, changes in attitude and skills, and longer-term positive impacts on the community and possibly on the students’ professional practice. This evaluation model can be used effectively to evaluate outcomes of IPL teamwork placements in rural settings and potentially in other locations.
Comparison of Matrix-Based and Filter Paper-Based Systems for Transport of Plasma for HIV-1 RNA Quantification and Amplicon Preparation for Genotyping
Authors: Levine Molly , Beck Ingrid , Styrchak Sheila , Pepper Gregory , Frenkel Lisa 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTTwo ambient-temperature, dry plasma transport systems, ViveST tubes and RNASoundRNA sampling cards, and two extraction methods were compared to frozen plasma for HIV-1 RNA recovery. Significant RNA loss occurred: ViveST+MiniMag > ViveST+QIAamp > RNASound+QIAamp. RNA loss and low specimen volumes may affect the sensitivity of genotyping specimens with HIV-1 RNA of <4.70 log10copies/ml.
Endpoint Quaking-Induced Conversion: a Sensitive, Specific, and High-Throughput Method for Antemortem Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease
Authors: Cheng Keding , Vendramelli Robert , Sloan Angela , Waitt Brooks , Podhorodecki Lisa , Godal Debra , Knox J. David 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The Prion Laboratory Section of the Public Health Agency of Canada supports heath care professionals dealing with patients suspected to have Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) by testing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for protein markers of CJD. To better serve Canadian diagnostic requirements, a quaking-induced conversion (QuIC)-based assay has been added to the test panel. The QuIC tests exploit the ability of disease-associated prion protein, found in the CSF of a majority of CJD patients, to convert a recombinant prion protein (rPrP) into detectable amounts of a misfolded, aggregated form of rPrP. The rPrP aggregates interact with a specific dye, causing a measurable change in the dye's fluorescence emission spectrum. Optimal test and analysis parameters were empirically determined. Taking both practical and performance considerations into account, an endpoint QuIC (EP-QuIC) configuration was chosen. EP-QuIC uses a thermo-mixer to perform the shaking necessary to produce the quaking-induced conversions. Fluorescence readings are obtained from a microwell fluorescence reader only at the beginning and the end of EP-QuIC reactions. Samples for which the relative fluorescence unit ratio between the initial and final readings represent a ≥4 increase in signal intensity in at least two of the three replicates are classified as positive. A retrospective analysis of 91 CSF samples that included 45 confirmed cases of CJD and 46 non-CJD cases was used to estimate the performance characteristics of the EP-QuIC assay. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the EP-QuIC test of this set of samples were 98 and 91%, respectively.