bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of (R)‐(‐) and (S)‐(+)‐Phoracantholide I from (R)‐(+)‐γ‐Valerolactone.
Authors: Datrika Rajender , Kallam Srinivasa Reddy , Khobare Sandip R. , Gajare Vikas S. , Kommi Muralikrishna , Rama Mohan H. , Siddaiah Vidavalur , Pratap T. V. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEnantiomerically pure γ‐valerolactone is used as substrate for (I) and its (S) antipode, thus opening a suitable approach to the synthesis of complex macrolides.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Norwogonin, Isoscutellarein, and Herbacetin
Authors: Yuan Hu , Ye Ji , Chen Hao , Zhao Zeng , Luo Xukai , Zhang Weidong , Sun Qingyan 
Published: November 2016

Abstractinvolving a borylation of sterically hindered aryl iodide and an one‐pot oxidation to generate the C‐3 and C‐8—OH groups as key steps
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress on Stability Issues of Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Lead Perovskite‐Based Solar Cells
Authors: Li Dan , Liao Peizhe , Shai Xuxia , Huang Wenchao , Liu Shaungshuang , Li Hao , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui 
Published: November 2016

AbstractReview: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization and Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals
Authors: Izutsu Ken‐ichi , Koide Tatsuo , Takata Noriyuki , Ikeda Yukihiro , Ono Makoto , Inoue Motoki , Fukami Toshiro , Yonemochi Etsuo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractReview: 106 refs.
Synthesis of Carbon Monoxide from Hydrogen and Magnesite/Dolomite
Authors: Baldauf‐Sommerbauer Georg , Lux Susanne , Aniser Wolfgang , Siebenhofer Matthäus 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe calcination of magnesite and dolomite is a state of the art technology step in minerals processing. The concomitantly produced carbon dioxide (CO2) is released into the flue gas, with all its negative effects on the global carbon balance. Reductive calcination of magnesite and dolomite to carbon monoxide (CO) and methane would open a window to reuse CO2 and produce value‐added carbonaceous products. The conversion of more than 70 % of the CO2 emitted during reductive calcination of the magnesite content of a mixed magnesite/dolomite (1:1 mol/mol) to CO at moderate temperature is feasible without admixture of catalyst.
Mass‐Selected Circular Dichroism of Supersonic‐Beam‐Cooled [D4]‐(R)‐(+)‐3‐Methylcyclopentanone
Authors: Lepelmeier Jörn , Titze Katharina , Kartouzian Aras , Boesl Ulrich , Heiz Ulrich 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUV spectroscopy and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) experiments on supersonic‐beam‐cooled deuterated (R)‐(+)‐3‐methylcyclopentanone ([D4]‐(R)‐(+)‐3‐MCP) have been performed by using a laser mass spectrometer. The spectral resolution not only allowed excitation and CD measurements for single vibronic transitions but also for the rotational P, Q, and R branches of these transitions. The investigated
transition showed the largest anisotropy factor ever observed for chiral molecules in the gas phase, which, due to residual saturation of the excited transition, represents only a lower limit for the real anisotropy factor. Furthermore, one‐color (1+1+1) and two‐color (1+1′) resonance‐enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) measurements were performed and the effusive‐beam (room temperature) and supersonic‐beam results for [D4]‐(R)‐(+)‐3‐MCP were compared. These results allowed a differentiation between single‐step ECD (comparable to conventional ECD) and cumulative ECD (only possible in multiphoton excitation) under supersonic‐beam conditions.
Evaluation of Hollow Golden Icosahedrons: Bonding and Spherical Aromatic Properties of [Au11E]3− Superatoms (E=Se and Te) from Relativistic DFT calculations, Persistent Structures?
Authors: Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo novel clusters were proposed according to the superatom model involving a favorable inclusion of Se and Te into a Au12 cage leading to [Au11E]3− clusters. Such structures retain a hollow gold‐based icosahedron with spherical aromatic character, according to the 18‐valence electron rule. Interestingly, it is shown that despite the favorable electronic structure and aromatic behavior, the titled structure is further found to be a local minimum in the potential surface, which exhibits a planar isomer as a plausible candidate for the lowest‐energy structure. The proposed strategy employed to vary the electron count of the cage is useful for the further design of novel spherical aromatic superatoms and ligand‐protected clusters, for which the main variation is generated directly in the surface of the cluster, in addition to the extensive formation of endohedral clusters with different heteroatoms.
Effects of Liquid Medium and Ablation Wavelength on the Properties of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles Formed by Pulsed‐Laser Ablation
Authors: García Guillén Grisel , Zuñiga Ibarra Veronica Anahi , Mendivil Palma Maria Isabel , Krishnan Bindu , Avellaneda Avellaneda David , Shaji Sadasivan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPulsed‐laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) is a green synthesis technique to obtain semiconductor nanomaterials in colloidal form. Herein, cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles were synthesized by the pulsed‐laser ablation of a CdS target in different liquid media by using λ=532 and 1064 nm outputs from a pulsed (10 ns, 10 Hz) Nd:YAG laser at different ablation fluence values. The morphology, structure, crystalline phase, elemental composition, optical, and luminescent properties of CdS nanomaterials were analyzed by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. By changing the liquid medium and ablation wavelength, CdS nanoparticles with different morphology and size were formed, as demonstrated by using TEM analysis. The crystallinity and chemical states of the ablation products were confirmed by using XRD and XPS analyses. The optical bandgap of the CdS nanoparticles was dependent on the ablation wavelength and the fluence. These nanocolloids presented different green emissions, which implied the presence of several emission centers. CdS nanocolloids in distilled water catalyzed the photocatalytic decay of methylene blue dye under light irradiation from a solar simulator.
Toxicological perspective on the osmoregulation and ionoregulation physiology of major ions by freshwater animals: Teleost fish, crustacea, aquatic insects, and Mollusca
Authors: Griffith Michael B. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Anthropogenic sources increase freshwater salinity and produce differences in constituent ions compared with natural waters. Moreover, ions differ in physiological roles and concentrations in intracellular and extracellular fluids. Four freshwater taxa groups are compared, to investigate similarities and differences in ion transport processes and what ion transport mechanisms suggest about the toxicity of these or other ions in freshwater. Although differences exist, many ion transporters are functionally similar and may belong to evolutionarily conserved protein families. For example, the Na+/H+-exchanger in teleost fish differs from the H+/2Na+ (or Ca2+)-exchanger in crustaceans. In osmoregulation, Na+ and Cl− predominate. Stenohaline freshwater animals hyperregulate until they are no longer able to maintain hypertonic extracellular Na+ and Cl− concentrations with increasing salinity and become isotonic. Toxic effects of K+ are related to ionoregulation and volume regulation. The ionic balance between intracellular and extracellular fluids is maintained by Na+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), but details are lacking on apical K+ transporters. Elevated H+ affects the maintenance of internal Na+ by Na+/H+ exchange; elevated HCO3− inhibits Cl− uptake. The uptake of Mg2+ occurs by the gills or intestine, but details are lacking on Mg2+ transporters. In unionid gills, SO42− is actively transported, but most epithelia are generally impermeant to SO42−. Transporters of Ca2+ maintain homeostasis of dissolved Ca2+. More integration of physiology with toxicology is needed to fully understand freshwater ion effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:576–600. © 2016 The Authors. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
MicroRNA‐107 is downregulated and having tumor suppressive effect in breast cancer by negatively regulating brain‐derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Gao Bo , Hao Shuai , Tian Wuguo , Jiang Yan , Zhang Shu , Guo Lingji , Zhao Jianjie , zhang Gang , Yan Jie , Luo Donglin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground:In the present study, we investigated the possible tumor suppressive effect of microRNA‐107 (miR‐107) in human breast cancer.Methods:Gene expression of miR‐107 in breast cancer cell lines and clinical breast tissues was evaluated by a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). MiR‐107 was stably overexpressed in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells via lentiviral transduction. Its role in regulating in vitro cancer proliferation, cell cycle, invasion and in vivo tumor growth was evaluated by MTT, flow cytometry, transwell and in vivo tumorigenicity assays, respectively. Association of miR‐107 and its downstream target, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), was evaluated by luciferase assay and qRT‐PCR. BDNF was further upregulated in miR‐107‐overexpressed MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells to evaluate its role in regulating breast cancer with respect to in vitro proliferation, cell cycle and invasion.Results:MiR‐107 was markedly downregulated in both breast cancer cell lines and breast tumors. MiR‐107 overexpression was markedly suppressed with respect to in vitro breast cancer proliferation, cell cycle progression and invasion, as well as with respect to in vivo development of breast cancer xenograft. BDNF was found to be the downstream target of miR‐107 in breast cancer. BDNF upregulation functionally facilitated in vitro proliferation, cell cycle progression and invasion in miR‐107‐overexpressed breast cancer cells.Conclusions:MiR‐107 is downregulated and has a tumor suppressive effect in breast cancer, likely through regulation via its inverted downstream target of BDNF.
Reconstructing the anterior part of the nervous system of Gordius aquaticus (Nematomorpha, cycloneuralia) by a multimethodological approach
Authors: Henne Stephan , Friedrich Frank , Hammel Jörg U. , Sombke Andy , Schmidt‐Rhaesa Andreas 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe Nematomorpha (horsehair worms) and Nematoda (round worms) are sister taxa (together Nematoida) and closely related to Scalidophora (Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera). To date, all species were assumed to possess a specific brain type, i.e., the “cycloneuralian” brain that forms a ring‐shaped neuropil around the pharynx and is composed of anteriorly and posteriorly located somata. However, descriptions of the nematomorph nervous system are rare and somewhat variable, calling in to question the validity of the cycloneuralian condition. To clarify whether there is a typical cycloneuralian pattern in the nematomorph brain, we investigated the anterior end of Gordius aquaticus with different methods: histology, immunohistochemistry and micro‐CT analysis. Three‐dimensional reconstructions were made from histological serial sections. The brain is composed of a central neuropil and a ring‐shaped structure with associated somata. The unpaired ventral nerve cord emerges from the posteroventral part of the brain. A pharynx/esophagus is absent. In addition to the brain, a peripheral nerve plexus was detected. In summary, we interpret the architecture of the brain as potentially derived from a cycloneuralian structure, but being highly modified. The central position of the neuropil is possibly a consequence of the reduction of the anterior intestinal system as a result of the parasitic lifestyle. The ring‐shaped arrangement of the somata may be a remnant of a cycloneuralian arrangement, after the two rings of somata (= cycloneuralian condition) either fused or one ring was reduced to form one massive ring‐shaped structure in G. aquaticus. J. Morphol. 278:106–118, 2017. ©© 2016 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
Low‐cysteine alpha‐keratins and corneous beta‐proteins are initially formed in the regenerating tail epidermis of lizard
Authors: Alibardi L. , Michieli F. , Dalla Valle L. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTDuring tail regeneration in lizards, the stratified regenerating epidermis progressively gives rise to neogenic scales that form a new epidermal generation. Initially, a soft, un‐scaled, pliable, and extensible epidermis is formed that is progressively replaced by a resistant but non‐extensible scaled epidermis. This suggests that the initial corneous proteins are later replaced with harder corneous proteins. Using PCR and immunocytochemistry, the present study shows an upregulation in the synthesis of low‐cysteine type I and II alpha‐keratins and of corneous beta‐proteins with a medium cysteine content and a low content in glycine (formerly termed beta‐keratins) produced at the beginning of epidermal regeneration. Quantitative PCR indicates upregulation in the production of alpha‐keratin mRNAs, particularly of type I, between normal and the thicker regenerating epidermis. PCR‐data also indicate a higher upregulation for cysteine‐rich corneous beta‐proteins and a high but less intense upregulation of low glycine corneous protein mRNAs at the beginning of scale regeneration. Immunolabeling confirms the localization of these proteins, and in particular of beta‐proteins with a medium content in cysteine initially formed in the wound epidermis and later in the differentiating corneous layers of regenerating scales. It is concluded that the wound epidermis initially contains alpha‐keratins and corneous beta‐proteins with a lower cysteine content than more specialized beta‐proteins later formed in the mature scales. These initial corneous proteins are likely related to the pliability of the wound epidermis while more specialized alpha‐keratins and beta‐proteins richer in glycine and cysteine are synthesized later in the mature and inflexible scales. J. Morphol. 278:119–130, 2017. ©© 2016 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
Assessing the health of the in situ global surface marine climate observing system
Authors: Berry David I. , Kent Elizabeth C. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe in situ surface marine climate observing system includes contributions from several different types of observing platforms. Most observations come from mobile platforms, e.g. ships or surface drifting buoys. Climate applications using marine observations often require fields of environmental parameters to be constructed on regular spatiotemporal grids. User requirements are therefore typically presented in terms of parameter uncertainty at particular space and timescales. It is therefore important to relate the characteristics of marine observations, in terms of their expected quality and sampling distribution, to these requirements. A simple method to estimate the instrumental uncertainty in fields derived from a mixture of observation types is presented. This method enables preliminary assessment of the extent to which the available observations meet the stated user requirements.Example observing system adequacy assessments are presented for two climate variables, sea surface temperature (SST) and marine air temperature (MAT) using in situ data. The method is also applicable to gridded data sets constructed from combined in situ and satellite data. While the global metrics for SST show an improvement in observing system adequacy over time, the adequacy for MAT is declining. The assessments can determine the most efficient approach to improving observing system adequacy. For in situ SST the best approach would be to increase the number of different platforms making observations. For MAT, increasing the number of observations overall, regardless of platform and increasing the geographical coverage is required to reduce the uncertainty.The assessments would be improved by more extensive evaluation of uncertainties associated with each different variable for each platform type. It would also be beneficial to review the completeness of the user requirements: e.g. to include user requirements relating to the stability of averages on large space and timescales required for climate monitoring, or for constructing estimates of air–sea exchange.
Kinetic Analysis of Molecular Permeabilities of Free‐Standing Polysaccharide Composite Films
Authors: Iijima Kazutoshi , Kimura Takayuki , Sato Ryo , Takahashi Tomoki , Hashizume Mineo 
Published: November 2016

This study is performed in order to assess the molecular permeabilities of composite films of chondroitin sulfate C (CS) and chitosan (CHI) prepared by the hot press technique. Permeation behaviors are evaluated using horizontal diffusion cells and four substrates with different charges: methylene blue (MB), orange II (OR), l‐tryptophan (Trp), and 4‐methylumbelliferyl β‐d‐galactopyranoside (MUG). Permeability coefficients, diffusion coefficients, and partition coefficients are calculated from permeation curves. When MB and OR are used as the permeants, permeability coefficients in solutions with higher pH or ionic strength are greater than in those with lower pH or ionic strength. Permeability coefficients at pH 5.9 at which Trp carries zero net charge are as follows: Trp > MB ≈ MUG > OR. The diffusion coefficients and partition coefficients obtained indicate that CS/CHI films permeate these molecules based on a partition mechanism at lower pH and a pore model at higher pH. These characteristics appear to reflect the unique microenvironment of films consisting of polyion complexes of oppositely charged polysaccharides.
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Scaling Laws of Bottle‐Brush Polymers in Dilute Solutions
Authors: Chatterjee Debarati , Vilgis Thomas A. 
Published: November 2016

The structural determination and manipulation of bottle‐brush polymers, a class of polymers with serially grafted side‐chains, is challenging due to the interplay of side‐chain and backbone interactions over various length scales. The present work performs a detailed analysis, using molecular dynamics simulation techniques, to unravel these interactions by probing the distinct rod to a flexible real‐chain with self‐avoiding walk (SAW) type crossover in the backbone static structure factor. This analysis elucidates the deviation from flexible chain behavior, while also providing a quantitative measure of persistence length, . Significantly, the results identify a trend in which is consistent with the debated theoretical prediction of , where Ns is the number of monomers in each side‐chain of the bottle‐brush polymer.
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Ultra‐high‐field RF coil development for evaluating upper extremity imaging applications
Authors: Raval Shailesh B. , Zhao Tiejun , Krishnamurthy Narayanan , Santini Tales , Britton Cynthia , Gorantla Vijay S. , Ibrahim Tamer S. 
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate a custom‐designed 7 T MRI coil and explore its use for upper extremity applications.An RF system composed of a transverse electromagnetic transmit coil and an eight‐channel receive‐only array was developed for 7 T upper extremity applications. The RF system was characterized and evaluated using scattering parameters and B1+ mapping. Finite difference time domain simulations were performed to evaluate the B1+ field distribution and specific absorption rate for the forearm region of the upper extremity. High‐resolution 7 T images were acquired and compared with those at 3 T.The simulation and experimental results show very good B1+ field homogeneity across the forearm. High‐resolution images of musculotendinous, osseocartilaginous, and neurovascular structures in the upper extremity are presented with T1 volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination, T2 double‐echo steady state, T2* susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), diffusion tensor imaging, and time‐of‐flight sequences. Comparison between 3 T and 7 T is shown. Intricate contextual anatomy can be delineated in synovial, fibrocartilaginous, interosseous, and intraosseous trabecular structures of the forearm, as well as palmar and digital vascular anatomy (including microvascular detail in SWI).Ultra‐high‐field 7 T imaging holds great potential in improving the sensitivity and specificity of upper extremity imaging, especially in wrist and hand pathology secondary to bone, ligament, nerve, vascular, and other soft or hard tissue etiology.
An in vivo study of the orientation‐dependent and independent components of transverse relaxation rates in white matter
Authors: Gil Rita , Khabipova Diana , Zwiers Marcel , Hilbert Tom , Kober Tobias , Marques José P. 
Published: November 2016

Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) provides information that allows the estimation of white‐matter (WM) fibre orientation and distribution, but it does not provide information about myelin density, fibre concentration or fibre size within each voxel. On the other hand, quantitative relaxation contrasts (like the apparent transverse relaxation,
) offer iron and myelin‐related contrast, but their dependence on the orientation of microstructure with respect to the applied magnetic field, B0, is often neglected. The aim of this work was to combine the fibre orientation information retrieved from the DWI acquisition and the sensitivity to microstructural information from quantitative relaxation parameters. The in vivo measured quantitative transverse relaxation maps (R2 and
) were decomposed into their orientation‐dependent and independent components, using the DWI fibre orientation information as prior knowledge.The analysis focused on major WM fibre bundles such as the forceps major (FMj), forceps minor (FMn), cingulum (CG) and corticospinal tracts (CST). The orientation‐dependent R2 parameters, despite their small size (0–1.5 Hz), showed higher variability across different fibre populations, while those derived from
, although larger (3.1–4.5 Hz), were mostly bundle‐independent. With this article, we have, for the first time, attempted the in vivo characterization of the orientation‐(in)dependent components of the transverse relaxation rates and demonstrated that the orientation of WM fibres influences both R2 and
contrasts.
Pulmonary perfusion quantification with flow‐sensitive inversion recovery (FAIR) UTE MRI in small animal imaging
Authors: Tibiletti Marta , Bianchi Andrea , Stiller Detlef , Rasche Volker 
Published: November 2016

Blood perfusion in lung parenchyma is an important property for assessing lung function. In small animals, its quantitation is limited even with radioactive isotopes or dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI techniques. In this study, the feasibility flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) for the quantification of blood flow in lung parenchyma in free breathing rats at 7 T has been investigated. In order to obtain sufficient signal from the short T2* lung parenchyma, a 2D ultra‐short echo time (UTE) Look‐Locker read‐out has been implemented. Acquisitions were segmented to maintain acquisition time within an acceptable range. A method to perform retrospective respiratory gating (DC‐SG) has been applied to investigate the impact of respiratory movement. Reproducibilities within and between sessions were estimated, and the ability of FAIR‐UTE to identify the decrease of lung perfusion under hyperoxic conditions was tested. The implemented technique allowed for the visualization of lung parenchyma with excellent SNR and no respiratory artifact even in ungated acquisitions. Lung parenchyma perfusion was obtained as 32.54 ± 2.26 mL/g/min in the left lung, and 34.09 ± 2.75 mL/g/min in the right lung. Application of retrospective gating significantly but minimally changes the perfusion values, implying that respiratory gating may not be necessary with this center‐our acquisition method. A decrease of 10% in lung perfusion was found between normoxic and hyperoxic conditions, proving the feasibility of the FAIR‐UTE approach to quantify lung perfusion changes.