bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tanshinone IIA attenuates Aβ25–35-induced spatial memory impairment via upregulating receptors for activated C kinase1 and inhibiting autophagy in hippocampus
Authors: Zhu Jiejun , Liao Shiping , Zhou Liming , Wan Lihong 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) may exert significant protective effects against the neurotoxicity induced by β-amyloid protein (Aβ). This study was designed to investigate the possible neuroprotective mechanism of Tan IIA on Aβ25–35-induced spatial memory impairment in mice.

Methods
After 3 weeks of preventive treatment (Tan IIA or oil), all male Kunming mice were subjected to Aβ25–35 (10 μl, intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.)) to establish the spatial memory impairment model. The Morris water maze (MWM), haematoxylin and eosin staining, real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to determine the ability of spatial memory, neuronal damage and expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), receptors for activated C kinase1 (RACK1) and autophagy-related genes. Additionally, ShRACK1 was used to decrease the level of RACK1 in the hippocampus to test Beclin1 in hippocampus by real-time PCR and Western blot.

Key findings
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA, 80 mg/kg) administration notably protected mice from Aβ25-35-induced spatial memory impairment and neurotoxicity, increased pERK/ERK and the expression of RACK1, and reduced the elevated levels of BECLIN1 and LC3-II/I in the hippocampus. In addition, ShRACK1 i.c.v markedly upregulated BECLIN1 level, but not altered Beclin1 mRNA expression in the hippocampus.

Conclusions
Tanshinone IIA may exert neuroprotective effects via upregulating RACK1 and inhibiting autophagy in the hippocampus of mice.
The resveratrol derivatives trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-fluoro-4′-hydroxystilbene and trans-2,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene decrease oxidative stress and prolong lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Fischer Nadine , Büchter Christian , Koch Karoline , Albert Sabrina , Csuk René , Wätjen Wim 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Resveratrol (trans-3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene (1)) was previously shown to extend the lifespan of different model organisms. However, its pharmacological efficiency is controversially discussed. Therefore, the bioactivity of four newly synthesized stilbenes (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-fluoro-4′-hydroxystilbene (3), trans-4′-hydroxy-3,4,5-trifluorostilbene (4), trans-2,5-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxystilbene (5), trans-2,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene (6)) was compared to (1) and pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxystilbene (2)) in the established model organism Caenorhabditis elegans.

Methods
Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF), thermotolerance assays, C. elegans lifespan analyses.

Key findings
All compounds exert a strong in-vitro radical scavenging activity (6 &gt; 1 &gt; 5 &gt; 2 = 3 = 4), but in vivo, only (3) and (6) reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Furthermore, (3) and (6) increased the mobility of aged nematodes and prolonged their mean lifespans, while these compounds decreased the thermal stress resistance. Using daf-16 (FoxO), skn-1 (Nrf2) and sir-2.1 (sirtuin) loss-of-function mutant strains, the in vivo antioxidant effects of compounds (3) and (6) were abolished, showing the necessity of these evolutionary highly conserved factors. However, short-time treatment with stilbenes (3) and (6) did not modulate the cellular localization of the transcription factors DAF-16 and SKN-1.

Conclusion
In contrast to resveratrol, the synthetic stilbene derivatives (3) and (6) increase the lifespan of C. elegans, rendering them promising candidates for pharmacological anti-ageing purposes.
Inter‐ and intra‐operator variability in the analysis of packed cell volume
Authors: Breheny C. R. , Brown A. , Handel I. , Gow A. G. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo identify whether inter‐ and intra‐operator variability occurs in the measurement of canine packed cell volume and, if so, at which stage these errors occur.Materials and MethodsUndergraduate veterinary students and veterinary surgeons were recruited to measure the packed cell volumes of three samples in duplicate. Measurements from each sample were confirmed by one author, and it was then ascertained whether the error was made in the capillary preparation or reading.ResultsData were obtained from 44 students and 11 vets. A total of 25% of students made errors associated with inadequate mixing; 23% students and 9% of vets made errors consistent with incorrect reading. There was also less intra‐operator variation in values within the vet group (0·027 from the mean) in comparison to the student group (−0·21 from the mean). A total of 68·2% of students and 91% of vets filled the capillary tubes outwith World Health Organisation standards of two‐thirds to three‐quarters full.Clinical SignificancePacked cell volume measurement is extremely useful when measuring erythroid mass, but it is crucial that the results upon which decisions are made are accurate and precise in order to manage these cases appropriately. Operator variation is a significant factor and must be addressed by proper training and following standard operating procedures.
A molecular transmission network of recent hepatitis C infection in people with and without HIV: Implications for targeted treatment strategies
Authors: Bartlett S. R. , Wertheim J. O. , Bull R. A. , Matthews G. V. , Lamoury F. M. J. , Scheffler K. , Hellard M. , Maher L. , Dore G. J. , Lloyd A. R. , Applegate T. L. , Grebely J. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryCombining phylogenetic and network methodologies has the potential to better inform targeted interventions to prevent and treat infectious diseases. This study reconstructed a molecular transmission network for people with recent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and modelled the impact of targeting directly acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for HCV in the network. Participants were selected from three Australian studies of recent HCV from 2004 to 2014. HCV sequence data (Core‐E2) from participants at the time of recent HCV detection were analysed to infer a network by connecting pairs of sequences whose divergence was ≤.03 substitutions/site. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with connectivity. Impact of targeting HCV DAAs at both HIV co‐infected and random nodes was simulated (1 million replicates). Among 236 participants, 21% (n=49) were connected in the network. HCV/HIV co‐infected participants (47%) were more likely to be connected compared to HCV mono‐infected participants (16%) (OR 4.56; 95% CI; 2.13‐9.74). Simulations targeting DAA HCV treatment to HCV/HIV co‐infected individuals prevented 2.5 times more onward infections than providing DAAs to randomly selected individuals. Results demonstrate that genetic distance‐based network analyses can be used to identify characteristics associated with HCV transmission, informing targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
Interventions for women who have a caesarean birth to increase uptake and duration of breastfeeding: A systematic review
Authors: Beake Sarah , Bick Debra , Narracott Cath , Chang Yan‐Shing 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRates of breastfeeding uptake are lower after a caesarean birth than vaginal birth, despite caesarean rates increasing globally over the past 30 years, and many high‐income countries reporting overall caesarean rates of above 25%. A number of factors are likely to be associated with women's infant feeding decisions following a caesarean birth such as limited postoperative mobility, postoperative pain, and ongoing management of medical complications that may have triggered the need for a caesarean birth. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate evidence of interventions on the initiation and duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding among women who had a planned or unplanned caesarean birth. Seven studies, presenting quantitative and qualitative evidence, published in the English language from January 1994 to February 2016 were included. A limited number of interventions were identified relevant to women who had had a caesarean birth. These included immediate or early skin‐to‐skin contact, parent education, the provision of sidecar bassinets when rooming‐in, and use of breast pumps. Only one study, an intervention that included parent education and targeted breastfeeding support, increased initiation and continuation of breastfeeding, but due to methodological limitations, findings should be considered with caution. There is a need to better understand the impact of caesarean birth on maternal physiological, psychological, and physical recovery, the physiology of lactation and breastfeeding and infant feeding behaviors if effective interventions are to be implemented.
Auxin transport in the evolution of branching forms
Authors: Harrison C. Jill 
Published: November 2016

Contents

Summary
545

I.
Diversification of branching forms in land plants
545

II.
Roles for auxin transport in branching
546

III.
Mechanisms for auxin transport in branching
546

IV.
PIN‐mediated polar auxin transport is a conserved regulator of branching in vascular plants
548

V.
Axial auxin transport is nonpolar or weakly polar in liverwort and hornwort sporophytes, and bryophyte gametophytes
548

VI.
Apical dominance without PIN‐mediated polar auxin transport in a moss
549

VII.
Conclusions and future perspectives
549

Acknowledgements
549

References
549

SummaryBranching is one of the most striking aspects of land plant architecture, affecting resource acquisition and yield. Polar auxin transport by PIN proteins is a primary determinant of flowering plant branching patterns regulating both branch initiation and branch outgrowth. Several lines of experimental evidence suggest that PIN‐mediated polar auxin transport is a conserved regulator of branching in vascular plant sporophytes. However, the mechanisms of branching and auxin transport and relationships between the two are not well known outside the flowering plants, and the paradigm for PIN‐regulated branching in flowering plants does not fit bryophyte gametophytes. The evidence reviewed here suggests that divergent auxin transport routes contributed to the diversification of branching forms in distinct land plant lineages.
Genetic diversity of garlic (Allium sativum L.) germplasm from China by fluorescent‐based AFLP, SSR and InDel markers
Authors: Wang Haiping , Li Xixiang , Liu Xiuhui , Oiu Yang , Song Jiangping , Zhang Xiaohui 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGarlic (Allium sativum L.), an asexually propagated crop, is an important vegetable and medicinal plant. China is the biggest garlic producer in the world; however, the genetic background of garlic from China is not well understood. In this study, population structure and clustering analysis of garlic germplasm was performed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), simple sequence repeat (SSR) and insertion–deletion (InDel) markers. Among 212 accessions of garlic, genetic diversity analysis identified 546 alleles amplified by AFLP, SSR and InDel primers, and 492 of these were polymorphic. All accessions were divided into five groups by structure analysis and neighbor‐joining clustering. Most traits, including allicin content, were only slightly affected by population structure, which indicated that this germplasm can be used as populations for association mapping. The results provide a molecular basis for understanding the genetic diversity of the garlic germplasm preserved in China.
Cutaneous Malignancies in Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Fogel Alexander L. , Miyar Maria , Teng Joyce M. C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPediatric organ transplant recipients (POTRs) are at risk of developing malignancies due to a combination of immunosuppression, impaired DNA damage repair, and infection with oncogenic viruses. The most commonly developed malignancies in this population are skin cancers, which include nonmelanoma skin cancer, melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and anogenital carcinoma. The literature shows that skin cancers account for 13% to 55% of all cancers that occur after transplantation. Given the increasing number and life expectancy of POTRs, prevention and management of skin cancer in these patients is essential, but there is a substantial knowledge gap in our understanding of the differences in skin cancer development, prevention, and management between POTRs and adult organ transplant recipients (AOTRs), for whom more data are available. Substantial differences have been observed in the patterns of malignancy development between POTRs and AOTRs, and data specific to pediatric populations are needed. The objective of this review is to provide updated information on posttransplantation skin cancer development in POTRs, including epidemiologic research on transplant patients and disease development, medication management, surveillance, and education efforts.
Mindfulness Moderates the Association Between Perceived Burdensomeness and Suicide Ideation in Adults With Elevated Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Buitron Victor , Hill Ryan M. , Pettit Jeremy W. 
Published: November 2016

A conceptual model in which the associations between perceived burdensomeness and suicide ideation, and between thwarted belongingness and suicide ideation, are moderated by mindfulness was examined. Participants were 218 undergraduates (mean age = 20.81) with moderate‐to‐severe depressive symptoms. Mindfulness significantly moderated the association between perceived burdensomeness and suicide ideation; participants with thoughts of burdensomeness experienced lower levels of suicide ideation if they were high, as opposed to low, in mindfulness. Mindfulness did not significantly moderate the association between thwarted belongingness and suicide ideation. Implications for intervention and elaboration of the interpersonal psychological theory of suicide are discussed.
Chronic lactate supplementation does not improve blood buffering capacity and repeated high‐intensity exercise
Authors: Oliveira L. F. , de Salles Painelli V. , Nemezio K. , Gonçalves L. S. , Yamaguchi G. , Saunders B. , Gualano B. , Artioli G. G. 
Published: November 2016

Since there is conflicting data on the buffering and ergogenic properties of calcium lactate (CL), we investigated the effect of chronic CL supplementation on blood pH, bicarbonate, and high‐intensity intermittent exercise performance. Sodium bicarbonate (SB) was used as a positive control. Eighteen athletes participated in this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover, fully counterbalanced study. All participants underwent three different treatments: placebo (PL), CL, and SB. The dose was identical in all conditions: 500 mg/kg BM divided into four daily individual doses of 125 mg/kg BM, for five consecutive days, followed by a 2–7‐day washout period. On the fifth day of supplementation, individuals undertook four 30‐s Wingate bouts for upper body with 3‐min recovery between bouts. Total mechanical work (TMW) for the overall protocol and for the initial (1st+2nd) and final (3rd+4th) bouts was determined at each session. Blood pH, bicarbonate, and lactate levels were determined at rest, immediately and 5 min after exercise. CL supplementation did not affect performance (P > 0.05 for the overall TMW as well for initial and final bouts), nor did it affect blood bicarbonate and pH prior to exercise. SB supplementation improved performance by 2.9% for overall TMW (P = 0.02) and 5.9% in the 3rd+4th bouts (P = 0001). Compared to the control session, SB also promoted higher increases in blood bicarbonate than CL and PL (+0.03 ± 0.04 vs +0.009 ± 0.02 and +0.01 ± 0.03, respectively). CL supplementation was not capable of enhancing high‐intensity intermittent performance or changing extracellular buffering capacity challenging the notion that this dietary supplement is an effective buffering agent.
Fear of failure, psychological stress, and burnout among adolescent athletes competing in high level sport
Authors: Gustafsson H. , Sagar S. S. , Stenling A. 
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate fear of failure in highly competitive junior athletes and the association with psychological stress and burnout. In total 258 athletes (152 males and 108 females) ranged in age from 15 to 19 years (M = 17.4 years,SD = 1.08) participated. Athletes competed in variety of sports including both team and individual sports. Results showed in a variable‐oriented approach using regression analyses that one dimension, fear of experiencing shame and embarrassment had a statistically significant effect on perceived psychological stress and one dimension of burnout, reduced sense of accomplishment. However, adopting a person‐oriented approach using latent class analysis, we found that athletes with high levels of fear failure on all dimensions scored high on burnout. We also found another class with high scores on burnout. These athletes had high scores on the individual‐oriented dimensions of fear of failure and low scores on the other oriented fear of failure dimensions. The findings indicate that fear of failure is related to burnout and psychological stress in athletes and that this association is mainly associated with the individual‐oriented dimensions of fear of failure.
Muscular fitness and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents: Results from LabMed Physical Activity Study
Authors: Agostinis‐Sobrinho C. A. , Moreira C. , Abreu S. , Lopes L. , Sardinha L. B. , Oliveira‐Santos J. , Oliveira A. , Mota J. , Santos R. 
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the associations between muscular fitness and inflammatory biomarkers and to investigate the relationship between muscular fitness and selected clustered inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents. This is a cross‐sectional analysis with 529 adolescents (267 girls) aged 12‐18 years. Handgrip strength and standing long jump tests assessed MF. Continuous scores of clustered inflammatory biomarkers (sum of Z‐scores of C‐reactive protein [CRP], C3, C4, fibrinogen, and leptin); metabolic risk factor (MRF) score (sum of Z‐scores of SBP, triglycerides, ratio total cholesterol [TC]/HDL, HOMA‐IR, and waist circumference [WC]) were computed. Regression analyses showed an inverse association between muscular fitness score (β=−.204; P<.021) and clustered score of inflammatory biomarkers, adjusted for age, sex, pubertal stage, socioeconomic status, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), MRF score, and body fat. Analysis of covariance showed that adolescents with an adverse inflammatory profile with low levels of muscular fitness exhibit the poorest MRF score (F3,525=6.461; P<.001), adjusted for age, sex, pubertal stage, socioeconomic status, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, CRF, and body fatness. The inflammatory state seems to explain a significant part of the highest MRF score and in adolescents with high inflammatory status and low muscular strength.
Nutrient removal in a trapezoidal vegetated drainage ditch used to treat primary domestic sewage in a small catchment of the upper Yangtze River
Authors: Nsenga Kumwimba Mathieu , Dzakpasu Mawuli , Zhu Bo , Wang Tao , Ilunga Lunda , Kavidia Muyembe Diana 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA trapezoidal constructed ditch (TCD) of 300 m length and 2.2 m width was designed and built in the downstream section of the upper Yangtze River for in situ treatment of primary domestic sewage. The removal efficiencies of TN, NH4‐N, NO3‐N, TP and PO4‐P from the TCD were approximately 61, 63, 48, 58 and 51%, respectively. The concentrations of TN, NH4‐N, NO3‐N, TP and PO4‐P showed a decreasing trend with increasing distance downstream. Plant assimilation and sediment retention were the key mechanisms for N and P removal within the TCD, with subsequent microbial uptake and transformation of the nutrients. The TCD outlet showed significantly higher dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and lower values of electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids compared to the influent. Results of this study highlight the potential of TCD to mitigate nutrients from primary domestic sewage transported downstream and could be incorporated into local best management practices.
Perspectives of junior doctor intercultural clinical communication: Lessons for medical education
Authors: Woodward-Kron Robyn , Fraser Catriona , Rashid Hashrul , Au Jonathon , Chua Yu En , George Leah 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Increasingly, junior doctors are culturally diverse due to globalisation of the tertiary education system and health workforce shortages. These graduates deliver healthcare where a proportion of the population may not have the English language skills to communicate effectively. The aim of this study was to examine perspectives of junior doctor–patient communication in a culturally diverse setting. Methods: We adopted a qualitative design with focus group discussions with junior doctors and semi-structured interviews with senior hospital staff at one regional hospital in Australia. We asked participants to discuss challenges and enabling strategies. There were five focus groups with 20 junior doctors and interviews with 10 senior doctors and 4 senior professional staff. Data were analysed thematically. Results: The two major themes to emerge in the discussion with the junior doctors were their own and the patient’s language as a barrier, and cultural influences on healthcare communication. The subthemes for language as a barrier were fluency, impact and mediated communication. The subthemes for cultural influences were uncertainty and cultural comfort. The results of the semi-structured interviews with senior clinical and hospital staff identified similar themes, yet the focus was on the junior doctors’ language ability, their ability to understand and engage with the needs of “country” people and their ability to explain complexity. Discussion: The findings suggest that intercultural communication is multi-faceted and intrinsically challenging, confirming the need for intercultural communication in medical curricula, particularly teaching that makes reference to culturally and linguistically diverse patients as well as cultural diversity in the medical workforce.