bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trial Lawyers of British Columbia v British Columbia: Section 96 Comes to the Access to Civil Justice Debate
Authors: Morley J Gareth 
Published: June 2017

You can bemoan or you can celebrate, but you cannot deny that the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms fundamentally changed Canadian criminal procedure. In contrast, until recently, civil proceduralists could confidently ignore constitutional law. All attempts to constitutionalize principles of civil justice had been rebuffed by the courts. That appears to be how the framers of the Charter wanted it. The Legal Rights set out in sections 7 through 14 of the Charter speak of deprivation of “life, liberty and security of the person”, “arrest” and “detention”, being charged with an “offence” or of “punishment and treatment”. Those caught up in the criminal justice system are precisely the kind of unpopular minority the framers thought needed protection from populist majoritarianism. On the other hand, the Charter demonstrates no desire to interfere with the long tradition of provincial autonomy and experimentation with civil justice. As a result, the Court early on decided that even where the Legal Rights are unclear, they do not apply to civil litigation.But the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in Trial Lawyers Association means that those interested in civil procedure, and its possible reform, can no longer ignore the Constitution without risk. The Court held that a right of access to superior courts is protected by section 96 of the Constitution Act, 1867, as informed by the unwritten principle of the rule of law. British Columbia’s hearing-fee scheme — in place since before Confederation — was held to be unconstitutional because its exemption for the “impoverished” was found not to be wide enough to protect that right for middle-class would-be litigants. This comment will argue that the impact could be significant, since all issues in civil and family procedure can be reconceived in terms of access to courts. Unfortunately, the constitutionalization of civil procedure is unlikely to improve the systemic problems that deny middle class Canadians the realistic option of a day in court.
Constitutional Law and the Alberta Energy Regulator
Authors: Lambrecht Q.C. Kirk N. 
Published: June 2017

This essay reviews general principles regarding a tribunal’s ability to consider constitutional law, and then makes observations about the Alberta Energy Regulator (the Regulator or AER) and its capacity to consider constitutional law. The questionultimately explored is the Regulator’s capacity to both respect and contribute to the fulfilment of the constitutional norms and obligations of the province that created it.
Notes from an Insider: Some Bold Ideas on Senate Reform
Authors: Cowan Senator Jim 
Published: June 2017

I have a stake in our succeeding in finding a way forward for the Senate, and not because I expect to be there a long time — in fact, I have less than two years before I reach the constitutional age of retirement. I believe the Senate can still serve a useful, indeed important, purpose for Canadians. I have seen its potential “up close and personal,” as they say, but I don’t believe it is reaching anywhere near that potential now. In fact, it is very frustrating and sometimes even discouraging to witness what is going on. Boldness is indeed required for Senate reform, and I suspect that, for some, a good dose of courage may be needed as well.
The Use of Translation Notes in Manga Scanlation
Authors: Fabbretti Matteo 
Published: June 2017

This article investigates the use of translation notes to deal with translation problems. In Translation Studies, the presence of translation notes in a translation is considered particularly significant because they clearly indicate what features of the source text the translator considered important for the comprehension of the text and therefore necessary to retain or explain. In the field of comics in translation, the use of T/N is rather uncommon, and can be considered the main translation strategy that distinguishes scanlation from other types of translations.
In the first part of this article, the structure of the English-language manga scanlation communities is examined; following this, the way culture-specific items are dealt with by manga scanlators is analysed; and finally, an explanatory hypothesis linking the broader structure of participation to individual translation strategies is presented. The argument put forward in this article is that translation notes are used in scanlation both to solve translation problems and as a way for scanlators to communicate directly with their readers, thereby foregrounding their mediating presence directly on the pages of scanlated manga.
Carrière, Marie. Médée protéiforme. Ottawa : Les Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa, 2012.
Authors: Guyot Adrien 
Published: June 2017

Médée, figure féminine incontournable de la mythologie grecque, mère coupable de fratricide et d’infanticide, a longtemps fasciné lecteurs, écrivains et chercheurs. Si le personnage de Médée constitue par son acte un être unique dans la mythologie, force est de constater que l’infanticide est un sujet prisé de la littérature féminine actuelle.
Comparatiste de formation, Marie Carrière, professeure de littérature à l’Université de l’Alberta où elle dirige également le Centre de littérature canadienne (CLC), propose à ce titre de se pencher sur huit œuvres : La Médée d’Euripide (1986) de Marie Cardinal, Flowers & No More Medea (1994) de Deborah Porter, Médée, Récits de femmes et autres histoires (1986) de Franca Ramee et Dario Fo, The Hungry Woman : A Mexican Medea (2001) de Cherrie Moraga, New Medea (1974) de Monique Bosco, Médée : voix (2004) de Christa Wolf, Petroleum (2004) de Bessora et Le livre d’Emma (2002) de Marie-Célie Agnant). Ces œuvres, aussi différentes soient-elles par leur contexte, revisitent, à travers des procédés d’écriture et de réécriture variés, le mythe de Médée (l’infanticide apparaissant comme source de différend) et façonnent de manière ou d’autre, le discours féministe actuel.
Frequent Financial Reporting and Managerial Myopia
Authors: Kraft Arthur G. , Vashishtha Rahul , Venkatachalam Mohan 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Using the transition of U.S. firms from annual reporting to semi-annual reporting and then to quarterly reporting over the period 1950–1970, we provide evidence on the effects of increased reporting frequency on firms' investment decisions. Estimates from difference-in-differences specifications indicate that increased reporting frequency is associated with an economically large decline in investments. Additional analyses reveal that the decline in investments is most consistent with frequent financial reporting inducing myopic management behavior. Our evidence informs the recent controversial debate about eliminating quarterly reporting for U.S. corporations.
JEL Classifications: M40; M41; G30; G31.
The Effect of Auditor Characteristics on the Value of Diversification
Authors: Lai Shu-Miao , Liu Chih-Liang 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARY
This paper examines how auditor characteristics (size, tenure, and industry specialization) affect the valuation of diversification. As expected, we find that diversified firms have lower market value than single-segment firms, and the diversification discount is smaller when firms employ Big N auditors and auditors with longer tenure. We also find that the diversification discount is larger when companies hire auditors with industry specialization and speculate that an industry focus may limit auditors' ability to detect misreporting in diversified firms. Also, diversified firms have higher financial reporting and disclosure quality when they employ Big N auditors and auditors with longer tenure, but lower financial reporting and disclosure quality when they employ industry specialist auditors. Overall, our findings suggest that auditor characteristics matter to investors in diversified firms because they contribute to the quality of financial reporting and disclosure, which can mitigate agency problems and the information asymmetry associated with diversification.
When Should Audit Firms Introduce Analyses of Big Data Into the Audit Process?
Authors: Rose Anna M. , Rose Jacob M. , Sanderson Kerri-Ann , Thibodeau Jay C. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
This study investigates how the timing of the consideration of Big Data visualizations affects an auditor's evaluation of evidence and professional judgments. In addition, we examine whether the use of an intuitive processing mode, as compared to a deliberative processing mode, influences an auditor's use and evaluation of Big Data visualizations. We conduct an experiment with 127 senior auditors from two Big 4 firms and find that auditors have difficulty recognizing patterns in Big Data visualizations when viewed before more traditional audit evidence. Our findings also indicate that auditors who view Big Data visualizations containing patterns that are contrary to management assertions after they view traditional audit evidence have greater concerns about potential misstatements and increase budgeted hours more. Overall, our results suggest that Big Data visualizations used as evidential matter have fewer benefits when they are viewed before auditors examine more traditional audit evidence.
Keskustelunanalyysi nyt
Authors: Lehtinen Esa 
Published: June 2017

Arvoitu teos:
Melisa Stevanovic & Camilla Lindholm (toim.): Keskustelunanalyysi. Kuinka tutkia sosiaalista toimintaa ja vuorovaikutusta. Tampere: Vastapaino 2016. 447 s. isbn 978-951-768-567-2.
Laulaen sujuvaksi kirjoittajaksi?
Authors: Martin Maisa 
Published: June 2017

Arvioitu teos:
Jenni Alisaari: Songs and poems in the second language classroom. The hidden potential of singing for developing writing fluency. Turun yliopiston julkaisuja. Annales Universitatis Turkuensis B 426. Turku: Turun yliopisto 2016. Johdanto 64 s. ja kolme artikkelia. isbn 978-951-29-6672-1.
“We Are not Just Patriots of a Country, but Citizens of the Planet”: Children’s Identity Negotiations in Julia Alvarez’s Return to Sender
Authors: Fernández García Andrea 
Published: June 2017

Abstract: According to Manuel Castells, the present global era is characterized by a dialectical tension between a globalist imagination of unbounded space (“space of flows”) and an essentialist conception of space as ruptured and divided into bounded entities (“space of places”). These conflicting tendencies are depicted in Julia Alvarez’s Return to Sender(2009), which is told from the dual perspectives of a Mexican immigrant girl and an American boy who struggle for self-definition in a global context. The present paper aims at analyzing how both children navigate through this paradox, focusing on their dilemmas of identity and belonging and the strategies devised to overcome them. Título en español: “No sólo somos patriotas de un país, sino también ciudadanos/as del planeta”: Las negociaciones identitarias de los/as niños/as en Return to Sender, de Julia ÁlvarezResumen: Tal y como sostiene Manuel Castells, la actual era global se caracteriza por una tensión dialéctica entre una visión globalista del espacio como un ente sin límites (“espacio de los flujos”) y una concepción esencialista que presenta el espacio como un ente dividido en partes claramente delimitadas (“espacio de los lugares”). Julia Álvarez retrata estas visiones antagónicas en su novela Return to Sender (2009), que ofrece la doble perspectiva de una niña inmigrante mexicana y un niño estadounidense que tratan de definir su propia identidad en un contexto global. Este artículo pretende analizar cómo estos personajes negocian tal paradoja, prestando especial atención a sus dilemas de identidad y a las estrategias empleadas para resolverlos.
<i>ULTRAVIOLET MUTAGENESIS OF LOCAL ISOLATE Trichoderma sp. T065 FOR IMPROVING CELLULASES ACTIVITY </i>(Mutagenesis Isolat Lokal<i> Trichoderma sp. </i>T065 menggunakan Ultraviolet untuk meningkatkan Aktivitas Selulase)
Authors: Anindyawati Trisanti , Jusuf Eddy , Abimanyu Haznan 
Published: June 2017

Mutagenesis of indigenous fungal isolates Trichoderma sp. T065 was achieved by UV light in a laminar air flow and UV crosslinker to increase cellulase activity. Thirty-four mutants were tested for their growth capacity in mineral agar with several carbon sources: Whatman filter paper no.1, 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), 2% cellulose powder, 1% Avicel and 4% delignified oil palm empty fruit bunches (DOPEFB) with granule size of 200 mesh. Three mutants (UV-1.1, 1.2-UV and UV-1.3) showed bigger growth zone on cellulose substrate of 4% DOPEFB than that of wild type Trichoderma sp. T065. The highest cellulase activities were 0.65 FPU/mL and 0.57 FPU/mL from UV-1.1 and UV-1- 3, respectively higher than wild type that is equal to 0.038 FPU/mL.Keywords: Trichoderma sp. T065, mutations, UV light, carbon source, cellulase activityABSTRAKMutagenesis isolat lokal kapang Trichoderma sp. T065 dilakukan dengan sinar UV pada laminar air flow dan UV crosslinker untuk meningkatkan aktivitas selulase. Tiga puluh empat kapang mutan diuji kapasitas pertumbuhannya pada mineral agar dengan beberapa jenis sumber karbon yaitu kertas saring Whatman no.1, 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), 2% serbuk selulosa, 1% avicel dan 4% tandan kosong sawit (TKS) dengan ukuran granula 200 mesh. Tiga mutan (UV-1.1, UV-1.2 dan UV- 1.3) mempunyai zona pertumbuhan yang lebih besar pada substrat selulosa dengan sumber karbon 4% TKS daripada isolat asli Trichoderma sp. T065. Aktivitas selulase tertinggi adalah 0,65 FPU/mL dan 0,57 FPU/mL berturut-turut dari mutan UV-1.1 dan UV-1.3 yang lebih tinggi dari isolat aslinya yaitu 0,038 FPU/mL.Kata kunci : Trichoderma sp. T065, mutasi, sinar UV, sumber karbon, aktivitas selulase
POTENSI SELULASE DAN PENGARUH LAJU PEMBEBANAN PADA EFEKTIVITAS PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH KERTAS PROSES LUMPUR AKTIF (<i>POTENTIAL OF CELLULASE AND EFFECT OF LOADING RATE ON TREATMENT OF PAPER WASTEWATER OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS</i>)
Authors: Rizaluddin Andri Taufick , Purwati Sri 
Published: June 2017

As the effluent quality standards for industrial wastewater are becoming more stringent, it is important for the industry to improve their wastewater treatment efficiency. The research about potential of cellulase application in the activated sludge process has been done. Theoritically, the addition of cellulase was required to support the activity of microorganism on the activated sludge. Since cellulose is the major organic pollutant component in the wastewater, it was expected that cellulase addition could improve the performance of activated sludge process. The experiments were conducted in a continuous process and consisted of two treatments which were with and without activated sludge at about 2400 mg MLVSS/L. The variations in each treatment were the enzyme dosages of 0; 0.2; 0.5; and 0.7 unit/g COD, and the residence time of 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours. The experiment result showed that the addition of cellulase can increase COD and BOD reduction compared to the treatment without enzymes. The highest COD reduction increment was 7.9% at the enzyme dosage of 0.2 unit/g COD and the residence time of 4 hours, while the highest BOD reduction increment was 14.6% at the same enzyme dosage and residence time. In conclusion, celullase application can be combined with the activated sludge process which will be effective in the high load organic wastewater. ABSTRAKDengan semakin ketatnya baku mutu air limbah, peningkatan efisiensi dalam pengolahan limbah menjadi sangat penting bagi industri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi selulase dan pengaruh laju pembebanan pada efektifitas pengolahan air limbah kertas sistem lumpur aktif. Secara teori, penambahan selulase diperlukan untuk membantu aktivitas mikroorganisme lumpur aktif. Dengan adanya kandungan selulosa sebagai komponen utama pencemar organik dalam air limbah, penambahan selulase diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kinerja proses lumpur aktif. Percobaan dilakukan dengan proses kontinyu yang terdiri dari dua perlakuan, yaitu tanpa dan dengan lumpur aktif pada MLVSS sekitar 2400 mg/L. Variasi pada setiap perlakuan berupa variasi dosis selulase (0; 0,2; 0,5; dan 0,7 unit/g COD) dan variasi laju pembebanan dengan mengatur waktu tinggal 4, 8, 12, dan 24 jam. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lumpur aktif dengan penambahan selulase dapat menghasilkan peningkatan reduksi COD dan BOD bila dibandingkan perlakuan tanpa menggunakan selulase. Peningkatan reduksi COD tertinggi mencapai 7,9% dengan perlakuan selulase dosis 0,2 unit/g COD dan waktu tinggal 4 jam, sedangkan peningkatan reduksi BOD tertinggi mencapai 14,6%. Perlakuan selulase dapat dikombinasikan dengan proses lumpur aktif yang berjalan efektif pada waktu tinggal yang lebih singkat atau pada beban tinggi.Kata kunci: selulase, lumpur aktif, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand
Age Spreads and the Temperature Dependence of Age Estimates in Upper Sco
Authors: Fang 方其 Qiliang 亮 , Herczeg 沈雷 Gregory J. 歌 , Rizzuto Aaron 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Past estimates for the age of the Upper Sco Association are typically 11–13 Myr for intermediate-mass stars and 4–5 Myr for low-mass stars. In this study, we simulate populations of young stars to investigate whether this apparent dependence of estimated age on spectral type may be explained by the star formation history of the association. Solar and intermediate mass stars begin their pre-main sequence evolution on the Hayashi track, with fully convective interiors and cool photospheres. Intermediate-mass stars quickly heat up and transition onto the radiative Henyey track. As a consequence, for clusters in which star formation occurs on a timescale similar to that of the transition from a convective to a radiative interior, discrepancies in ages will arise when ages are calculated as a function of temperature instead of mass. Simple simulations of a cluster with constant star formation over several Myr may explain about half of the difference in inferred ages versus photospheric temperature; speculative constructions that consist of a constant star formation followed by a large supernova-driven burst could fully explain the differences, including those between F and G stars where evolutionary tracks may be more accurate. The age spreads of low-mass stars predicted from these prescriptions for star formation are consistent with the observed luminosity spread of Upper Sco. The conclusion that a lengthy star formation history will yield a temperature dependence in ages is expected from the basic physics of pre-main sequence evolution, and is qualitatively robust to the large uncertainties in pre-main sequence evolutionary models.
Les Journées de l’économie,
Authors: Le Merrer Pascal 
Published: June 2017

« La grande mise à jour » était le thème général des Journées de l’économie (Jéco) 2016. On ne peut en effet ignorer que « le monde est devenu différent ». Une autre économie se dessine, où les frontières entre l’industrie et les services s’estompent, où le travail humain est confronté à l’essor de la robotisation, où la coordination des activités ne peut se résumer à un choix entre le marché et l’État, où les logiques de coopération et de concurrence s’interpénètrent, où de nouveaux acteurs s’imposent, en particulier avec les plateformes numériques. Ira-t-on vers une économie du bien commun, notion qui recouvre des réalités très mouvantes ?
Il était une fois une bulle de crédit en Chine...
Authors: Besançon Yves 
Published: June 2017

Premier contributeur à la croissance mondiale, l’empire du Milieu est devenu un élément central du dynamisme de l’économie mondiale et de la stabilité monétaire et financière internationale. Si le ralentissement de l’économie chinoise de ces dernières années ne trompe aujourd’hui plus personne sur son caractère structurel, la Chine pourra-t-elle alors vraiment contrôler, dans les années à venir, l’énorme bulle de crédit qui s’y développe depuis 2008, provoquée par la relance massive par l’investissement décidée par Pékin au lendemain de la crise des subprimes ? Dans l’hypothèse où elle n’y parviendrait pas, quels sont les risques de déstabilisation de l’économie mondiale liés à un éclatement mal régulé de la bulle de crédit chinoise ?
La théorie tue-t-elle ?
Authors: Chateau Dominique 
Published: June 2017

La théorie exerce-t-elle une sorte de contrôle axiologique, en plus du contrôle épistémologique ? Cela concerne, entre autres, la valeur que peut revendiquer la théorie en tant que théorie, en tant que faire de la théorie est un rôle social. Pour approfondir cet aspect, il vaut mieux opposer la pratique plutôt que le fait à la théorie, s’agissant de son statut pratique. Que se passe-t-il quand une Professeure de sémiotique des médias tue pour la théorie ? Cette question dramatise le propos, mais nous renvoie en même temps à la communication pratique ordinaire. C’est en effet le thème de l’épisode 20, intitulé A Space Oddity , de la saison 9 des Experts, Las Vegas ( Crime Scene Investigation Las Vegas ).
Ce que l’art fait à la mémoire : le renouvellement éthique de l’appropriation du temps humain
Authors: Touboul Patricia 
Published: June 2017

Les esthétiques contemporaines nous ont habitués à penser que la valeur formelle d’un objet d’art n’était pas seulement formelle et que l’attention esthétique n’excluait ni l’intérêt cognitif ni l’émotion morale. Du côté de l’art, on a également observé ces dernières décennies un refus des distinctions trop catégoriques (forme/contenu ; fait/ valeur ; art/vie ; esthétique/cognitif/ émotionnel), en même temps qu’un retour à une pratique ouvertement orientée vers la vie éthique. Aussi, dans un contexte social où les discours et les images médiatiques brouillent la perception du réel et de la mémoire, l’art cherche-t-il, par l’invention d’un autre langage et par le retour à la rhétorique dont l’histoire scientifique s’est défaite, à susciter la fonction imaginaire de la mémoire, en construisant une relation esthétique et critique aux lieux de notre histoire. Cette recherche apparaît notamment dans le travail d’Ernest Pignon-Ernest, Christian Boltanski, Sophie Calle, Pascal Convert, Anne et Patrick Poirier, Arno Gisinger ou Jochen Gerz, dont les œuvres ne se situent pas hors du monde mais au contraire prennent pied dans l’histoire, la mémoire collective et la réalité sociale, pour en explorer les failles et permettre au public une appropriation plus authentique de sa propre existence éthique et sociale.
A case of the evil eye in Genesis 16:4-5: A social-scientific perspective
Authors: Kotze Zacharias 
Published: June 2017

The nature and function of Evil Eye Belief and Practice (EEBP) in the world of the Old Testament has been understudied. The majority view has been that the belief was limited to the notion of largesse in this collection of literature. This article demonstrated that the idiom םינעב ללק in Genesis 16:4-5, routinely interpreted as a metaphor for scorn on the part of Hagar, could in fact be interpreted as a linguistic vehicle for the concept of the malevolent eye of Sarai. The author argued for an interpretation wherein Sarai, driven by envy, accused Hagar of casting the evil eye on her and used this alleged transgression as an excuse to abuse her slave. The evil eye in the Old Testament was not restricted to the idea of generosity, but was also closely associated with the concept of envy, as has been the case in the majority of ancient and modern cultures in which EEPB has featured. It further confirmed that the social function of the evil eye in the ancient world was not only constrained to the avoidance of envy-related violence but also served as an instrument of oppression in the hands of the rich and privileged. The key method utilised in this study was the social-scientific approach to the interpretation of biblical literature.