bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental calculus: the calcified biofilm and its role in disease development
Authors: Akcalı Aliye , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDental calculus represents the first fossilized record of bacterial communities as a testimony of evolutionary biology. The development of dental calculus is a dynamic process that starts with a nonmineralized biofilm which eventually calcifies. Nonmineralized dental biofilm entraps particles from the oral cavity, including large amounts of oral bacteria, human proteins, viruses and food remnants, and preserves their DNA. The process of mineralization involves metabolic activities of the bacterial colonies and strengthens the attachment of nonmineralized biofilms to the tooth surface. From a clinical point of view, dental calculus always harbors a living, nonmineralized biofilm, jeopardizing the integrity of the dento‐gingival or implanto‐mucosal unit. This narrative review presents a brief historical overview of dental calculus formation and its clinical relevance in modern periodontal practice.
Expression of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 in cattle placenta during early pregnancy
Authors: Wang W , Liu R , Liang X , Zhao Q , Qu P , Yao K , Jiang M , Luo Y , Zhang W , Qing S 
Published: December 2017

ContentsInterferon‐tau (IFNT), a type I interferon, is an antiluteolytic factor secreted by trophoderm during pregnancy. IFNT transmitted signals or stimulated the expression of some factors to build maternal recognition and keep pregnancy by binding its receptors, IFNT receptor 1(IFNAR1) and IFNT receptor 2 (IFNAR2). Up to now, the expression model and roles of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 in placenta have not been investigated in cattle. In this study, the localization and expression of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 in the cattle placenta at days 18–50 of pregnancy were detected by histological examination, immunofluorescence staining and real‐time qPCR. The results showed that IFNAR1 mainly distributed in chorioallantoic membrane, endometrial epithelium, cotyledon and caruncle during the early pregnancy of cattle with change in time‐ and position‐dependent. IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 mRNA expression were mainly detected in chorioallantoic membrane and cotyledon, and markedly increased along with pregnancy process. Moreover, the mRNA expression level of IFNAR1 in chorioallantoic membrane and cotyledon was higher than that of IFNAR2. IFNAR mRNA was also expressed in caruncle tissues, which experienced a tendency of decrease from days 21 to 36, followed by increase after days 36. These results provide morphological basis and quantitative data for investigating the roles of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 on development of cattle placenta and pregnancy maintenance.
The use of ultrasonography in the reproductive evaluation of boars
Authors: Pinho RO , Camilo BS , Lima DMA , Villadiego FAC , Vergara JCM , Shiomi HH , Cardoso RE , Lopes PS , Guimarães SEF , Guimarães JD 
Published: December 2017

ContentsThe objective was to study the use of ultrasound as a complementary test in the breeding soundness evaluation in male pigs and study the pattern of echogenicity of the testicular parenchyma in boars of different racial groups. Twenty‐six adult boars from four different racial groups were used, 10 from the Piau breed (group 1), four from the commercial and finishing group (group 2), six Pietrain breed (group 3) and six from the Duroc breed (group 4). All animals were evaluated for breeding soundness evaluation and the ultrasound examination of the testicles. The groups of animals that were evaluated showed no difference in the main semen parameters that were evaluated, except for the sperm volume, concentration of the ejaculated sperm and the supravital staining; the lowest figures were for the animals from the Piau breed (group 1). In relation to the testicular biometrics, Duroc animals (group 4) had a greater scrotal width compared to the other groups. But when we assessed the intensity of pixels of the testicles, there was a difference between groups. The groups 2 (finishing animals), 3 (Pietrain) and 4 had no difference between themselves. Group 3 had greater pixel intensity in relation to group 1. Of the 26 animals studied, five showed an abnormality during ultrasound evaluation, like hydrocele, hyperechoic mass in the testicular parenchyma, cyst in the head of the epididymis and the presence of fluid in the head and tail of the epididymis. The various animal groups studied did not differ in the principal reproductive parameters evaluated, showing that despite the great variability of reproductive traits between breeds and within the same breed, the breeding soundness evaluation, the more complete it is, is essential for the selection of breeders and the ultrasonography of the reproductive system becomes an important addition in this examination.
Does Participation in National Commemorations Increase National Attachment? A Study of Dutch Liberation Festivals
Authors: de Regt Sabrina , van der Lippe Tanja 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt is generally assumed that national commemorations have the power to increase national attachment. This is because such ceremonies highlight shared history, communicate core values, and have the potential to decrease conflicts in societies, while celebrating and mourning together enhances attachment to the group. Remarkably, only a limited number of studies have empirically studied the relation between participation in national commemorations and feelings of national attachment. Studies that have addressed this question focused mainly on the intentions of the organizing elite, employed qualitative research designs, or suffered from methodological problems such as causality. In this study, we examined participation in Dutch liberation festivals by means of survey data. We compared people's feelings of national attachment before they visited the liberation festival with people's feelings of national attachment after they visited the festival, but no evidence was found for the integrative role of national ceremonies. In the concluding section, we discuss potential reasons why the expected positive relation was not found and formulate suggestions for future research.
Politics of Primordial Loyalties and Its Transnational Dimensions: Tamilness as Pan‐ethnic and Supranational
Authors: Jayapalan Athithan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe article pertains to the pan‐ethnic and transnational dimensions of contemporary political and cultural interaction and orientations between diverse ethnically/culturally and linguistically kindred ethnic groups such as Tamils. It explores the transnational dimensions and dynamics of habitats of meaning, identity formations, political cosmology/world view among kindred ethnic groups and their relation to historical processes, events of violence and trauma, and transnational communication, information, and travel technologies. The dynamics between kindred ethnic groups, facilitated by the technological advances and accessibility in the period of accelerated globalization, enhance engagement and attachment centred on primordial loyalties, cultural and ethnic/linguistic sentiments, and identity. The subsequent social interaction constitutes pan‐ethnic or trans/supra‐national political cosmologies/imagery and moral community. Beside the central role of cultural similarity and meaning, historical connectivity, or transnational technology and processes, it is historical events/moments of state violence and injustice which prove a central condition in enabling transnational political solidarity and engagement between people who would otherwise have imagined their linkages differently.
Experiencing Gendered Seeing
Authors: Tullmann Katherine 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the concept of “gendered seeing”: the capacity to visually perceive another person's gender and the role that one's own gender plays in that perception. Assuming that gendered properties are actually perceptible, my goal is to provide some support from the philosophy of perception on how gendered visual experiences are possible. I begin by exploring the ways in which sociologists and psychologists study how we perceive one's sex and the implications of these studies for the sex/gender distinction. I then discuss feminist philosopher Linda Alcoff's concept of “interpretative horizons,” which highlights the role that one's social and political identities play in how we understand the world around us. I also discuss Elizabeth Grosz's notion (borrowed from Merleau‐Ponty) of double sensation. I then apply some work in the philosophy of perception on perceptual learning and the cognitive penetration of perception to gendered seeing. My hypothesis is that we can explain how one's interpretative horizons are acquired through some notion of perceptual learning. I conclude by suggesting some of the epistemic and ethical implications of gendered seeing.
The presynaptic scaffolding protein Piccolo organizes the readily releasable pool at the calyx of Held
Authors: Parthier Daniel , Kuner Thomas , Körber Christoph 
Published: December 2017

Key points
Bassoon and Piccolo do not mediate basal synaptic vesicle release at a high‐frequency synapse.
Knockdown of Bassoon increases short‐term depression at the calyx of Held.
Both Bassoon and Piccolo have shared functions in synaptic vesicle replenishment during high‐frequency synaptic transmission.
Piccolo organizes the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles. It safeguards a fraction of them to be not immediately available for action potential‐induced release. This enables the synapse to sustain high‐frequency synaptic transmission over long periods.
AbstractSynaptic vesicles (SVs) are released at the active zone (AZ), a specialized region of the presynaptic plasma membrane organized by a highly interconnected network of multidomain proteins called the cytomatrix of the active zone (CAZ). Two core components of the CAZ are the large, highly homologous scaffolding proteins Bassoon and Piccolo, whose function is not well understood. To investigate their role in synaptic transmission, we established the small hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐mediated in vivo knockdown (KD) of Bassoon and Piccolo at the rat calyx of Held synapse. KD of Bassoon and Piccolo, separately or simultaneously, did not affect basic SV release. However, short‐term depression (STD) was prominently increased by the KD of Bassoon, whereas KD of Piccolo only had a minor effect. The observed alterations in STD were readily explained by reduced SV replenishment in synapses deficient in either of the proteins. Thus, the regulation of SV refilling during ongoing synaptic activity is a shared function of Bassoon and Piccolo, although Bassoon appears to be more efficient. Moreover, we observed the recruitment of slowly‐releasing SVs of the readily‐releasable pool (RRP), which are normally not available for action potential‐induced release, during high‐frequency stimulation in Piccolo‐deficient calyces. Therefore, the results obtained in the present study suggest a novel and specific role for Piccolo in the organization of the subpools of the RRP.
Tumor carcinoide bronquial en pediatría: reporte de caso
Authors: De Castro Hernández Melissa , Soler Angela Maria , Arjona Juan 
Published: December 2017

<p>Los tumores primarios de pulmón son poco frecuentes en el paciente pediátrico. Dentro de ellos, el tumor carcinoide bronquial es el más común. Clínicamente, su manifestación más usual es como infección respiratoria a repetición; sin embargo, su presentación puede ser variada. Reportamos el caso de una paciente de catorce años de edad con clínica de dolor torácico y síntomas respiratorios. </p>
Astenia y adinamia en un paciente con trastorno esquizoafectivo: no todo está en la mente
Authors: Rodríguez Ospina Gloria Marcela , Rosselli Cock Diego Andrés 
Published: December 2017

<p>Un hombre de 53 años de edad, con antecedente de trastorno esquizoafectivo, consultó por astenia y adinamia. Se le diagnosticó una crisis depresiva y se le hospitalizó en una unidad de salud mental. En el examen médico se encontró malnutrición, anemia ferropénica e hipovitaminosis B12. En el paciente con enfermedad mental severa es necesario superar el estigma de enfermedad mental y ofrecer servicios médicos integrales de calidad. </p>
Cordoma en la articulación facetaria de C4: reporte de caso
Authors: Calvo Maria Gabriela , Acevedo González Juan Carlos , Berbeo Calderóna Miguel Enrique 
Published: December 2017

<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Los cordomas son tumores óseos primarios, poco frecuentes, derivados de remanentes no diferenciados de la notocorda. Por su origen histológico, suelen ubicarse en la línea media del esqueleto axial, y los lugares de presentación más frecuentes son la base del cráneo y la columna. Se caracterizan por presentar un crecimiento lento, por lo que tienden a ser clínicamente silenciosos hasta alcanzar tamaños que causan manifestaciones que varían según el sitio de presentación; sin embargo, tienen alta agresividad y recurrencia local. El tratamiento es quirúrgico e, idealmente, se busca una resección completa de la lesión. El artículo presenta el caso de un hombre de 20 años de edad, quien desarrolló un cordoma en la articulación facetaria superior izquierda de C4, que es una localización rara. </p>
Histological Findings in Very Low Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Managed with Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Trujillo Ordoñez Carlos Gustavo , Ramos Hernández Anamaria , Robledo Cárdenas Daniela , Mariño Álvarez Ángela Marcela , Cataño Cataño Juan Guillermo , Caicedo Cárdenas Juan Ignacio , Escobar Monroy Rebeca , Plata Salazar Mauricio 
Published: December 2017

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the histological findings in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) clinically classified as very low risk who underwent treatment with radical prostatectomy (RP). <strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was conducted. Clinical records of patients who underwent RP between 2007-2015 who met Epstein criteria for very low risk disease were reviewed. Histological diagnosis was described and analyzed to determine if such criteria predicted very low risk. <strong>Results: </strong>A total of 609 records were reviewed; 83 (13.6%) met Epstein’s criteria. Mean age was 59 (SD±7) years and median PSA at diagnosis was 5.4 ng/dl (IQR 4.3 – 6.8). Pathology showed a median tumor volume of 4% (IQR 1 – 10%). Gleason score was 3+3 in 55 (66.3%) cases, but 28 (33.7%) were reclassified to a greater score. Two (2.4%) patients were reclassified as pT3a, 80 (96.4%) as pT2 and 1 (1.2%) was found to be pT0. In those subjected to pelvic lymphadenectomy (42.2%) no positive lymph nodes were found. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Up to one-third of the patients clinically classified with very low risk PCa had a greater Gleason score. Only 3% had locally advanced tumors, which is comparable to previous studies. Epstein’s criteria seem to be adequate in predicting organ-confined disease. </p>
Denitrification by Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans, a Common Soil Bacterium Lacking the Nitrite Reductase Genes
nirS
and
nirK
Authors: Onley Jenny R. , Ahsan Samiha , Sanford Robert A. , Löffler Frank E. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

The versatile soil bacterium
Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans
lacks the hallmark denitrification genes
nirS
and
nirK
(encoding NO
2
−
→NO reductases) and couples growth to NO
3
−
reduction to NH
4
+
(respiratory ammonification) and to N
2
O reduction to N
2
.
A. dehalogenans
also grows by reducing Fe(III) to Fe(II), which chemically reacts with NO
2
−
to form N
2
O (i.e., chemodenitrification). Following the addition of 100 μmol of NO
3
−
or NO
2
−
to Fe(III)-grown axenic cultures of
A. dehalogenans
, 54 (±7) μmol and 113 (±2) μmol N
2
O-N, respectively, were produced and subsequently consumed. The conversion of NO
3
−
to N
2
in the presence of Fe(II) through linked biotic-abiotic reactions represents an unrecognized ecophysiology of
A. dehalogenans
. The new findings demonstrate that the assessment of gene content alone is insufficient to predict microbial denitrification potential and N loss (i.e., the formation of gaseous N products). A survey of complete bacterial genomes in the NCBI Reference Sequence database coupled with available physiological information revealed that organisms lacking
nirS
or
nirK
but with Fe(III) reduction potential and genes for NO
3
−
and N
2
O reduction are not rare, indicating that NO
3
−
reduction to N
2
through linked biotic-abiotic reactions is not limited to
A. dehalogenans
. Considering the ubiquity of iron in soils and sediments and the broad distribution of dissimilatory Fe(III) and NO
3
−
reducers, denitrification independent of NO-forming NO
2
−
reductases (through combined biotic-abiotic reactions) may have substantial contributions to N loss and N
2
O flux.

IMPORTANCE
Current attempts to gauge N loss from soils rely on the quantitative measurement of
nirK
and
nirS
genes and/or transcripts. In the presence of iron, the common soil bacterium
Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans
is capable of denitrification and the production of N
2
without the key denitrification genes
nirK
and
nirS
. Such chemodenitrifiers denitrify through combined biotic and abiotic reactions and have potentially large contributions to N loss to the atmosphere and fill a heretofore unrecognized ecological niche in soil ecosystems. The findings emphasize that the comprehensive understanding of N flux and the accurate assessment of denitrification potential can be achieved only when integrated studies of interlinked biogeochemical cycles are performed.
Pathway for the Biosynthesis of the Pigment Chrysogine by Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Viggiano Annarita , Salo Oleksandr , Ali Hazrat , Szymanski Wiktor , Lankhorst Peter P. , Nygård Yvonne , Bovenberg Roel A. L. , Driessen Arnold J. M. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTChrysogine is a yellow pigment produced byPenicillium chrysogenumand other filamentous fungi. Although the pigment was first isolated in 1973, its biosynthetic pathway has so far not been resolved. Here, we show that deletion of the highly expressed nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genePc21g12630(chyA) resulted in a decrease in the production of chrysogine and 13 related compounds in the culture broth ofP. chrysogenum. Each of the genes of thechyA-containing gene cluster was individually deleted, and corresponding mutants were examined by metabolic profiling in order to elucidate their function. The data suggest that the NRPS ChyA mediates the condensation of anthranilic acid and alanine into the intermediate 2-(2-aminopropanamido)benzoic acid, which was verified by feeding experiments of aΔchyAstrain with the chemically synthesized product. The remainder of the pathway is highly branched, yielding at least 13 chrysogine-related compounds.IMPORTANCEPenicillium chrysogenumis used in industry for the production of β-lactams, but also produces several other secondary metabolites. The yellow pigment chrysogine is one of the most abundant metabolites in the culture broth, next to β-lactams. Here, we have characterized the biosynthetic gene cluster involved in chrysogine production and elucidated a complex and highly branched biosynthetic pathway, assigning each of the chrysogine cluster genes to biosynthetic steps and metabolic intermediates. The work further unlocks the metabolic potential of filamentous fungi and the complexity of secondary metabolite pathways.
Gut Microbiota in Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and a Mouse Model of Lupus
Authors: Luo Xin M. , Edwards Michael R. , Mu Qinghui , Yu Yang , Vieson Miranda D. , Reilly Christopher M. , Ahmed S. Ansar , Bankole Adegbenga A. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been observed in a number of autoimmune diseases. However, the role of the gut microbiota in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a prototypical autoimmune disease characterized by persistent inflammation in multiple organs of the body, remains elusive. Here we report the dynamics of the gut microbiota in a murine lupus model, NZB/W F1, as well as intestinal dysbiosis in a small group of SLE patients with active disease. The composition of the gut microbiota changed markedly before and after the onset of lupus disease in NZB/W F1 mice, with greater diversity and increased representation of several bacterial species as lupus progressed from the predisease stage to the diseased stage. However, we did not control for age and the cage effect. Using dexamethasone as an intervention to treat SLE-like signs, we also found that a greater abundance of a group of lactobacilli (for which a species assignment could not be made) in the gut microbiota might be correlated with more severe disease in NZB/W F1 mice. Results of the human study suggest that, compared to control subjects without immune-mediated diseases, SLE patients with active lupus disease possessed an altered gut microbiota that differed in several particular bacterial species (within the genera
Odoribacter
and
Blautia
and an unnamed genus in the family
Rikenellaceae
) and was less diverse, with increased representation of Gram-negative bacteria. The
Firmicutes
/
Bacteroidetes
ratios did not differ between the SLE microbiota and the non-SLE microbiota in our human cohort.

IMPORTANCE
SLE is a complex autoimmune disease with no known cure. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been reported for both mice and humans with SLE. In this emerging field, however, more studies are required to delineate the roles of the gut microbiota in different lupus-prone mouse models and people with diverse manifestations of SLE. Here, we report changes in the gut microbiota in NZB/W F1 lupus-prone mice and a group of SLE patients with active disease.