bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional benefits of sainfoin mixtures: Effects of partner species, sowing density and cutting regime
Authors: Malisch C. S. , Suter D. , Studer B. , Lüscher A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGrass–legume mixtures have proven successful at improving the sustainability of grasslands. Their ability to suppress unsown species is particularly important for sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), a forage crop with valuable bioactive compounds, yet low competitiveness. In this 3‐year study, the suitability of six partner species cultivated in mixtures with sainfoin at different annual numbers of cuts and partner sowing densities were evaluated. Mixture yields outperformed average monoculture yields by 31%, reduced the ratio of unsown species by 65% and increased the symbiotic N2 fixation up to 158 kg ha−1. A key finding of the study was the highly differential patterns of development of the partner grass species over the 3 years. These patterns of development had a large effect on the persistency of the proportion of sainfoin in the mixtures, which varied in the third year between 17% (when grown with Dactylis glomerata) and 38% (with Lolium perenne). These findings contribute to the further development of sustainable grass–legume systems, as evidence for the successful cultivation of sainfoin as an alternative legume species can help diversification, and knowledge of mixture development supports more persistent legume proportions.
Autophagy‐related genes in Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Tanaka Shingo , Nagashima Hiroyuki , Uotani Takahiro , Graham David Y. , Yamaoka Yoshio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn vitro studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection induces autophagy in gastric epithelial cells. However, prolonged exposure to H. pylori reduces autophagy by preventing maturation of the autolysosome. The alterations of the autophagy‐related genes in H. pylori infection are not yet fully understood.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed autophagy‐related gene expression in H. pylori‐infected gastric mucosa compared with uninfected gastric mucosa obtained from 136 Bhutanese volunteers with mild dyspeptic symptoms. We also studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of autophagy‐related gene in 283 Bhutanese participants to identify the influence on susceptibility to H. pylori infection.ResultsMicroarray analysis of 226 autophagy‐related genes showed that 16 genes were upregulated (7%) and nine were downregulated (4%). We used quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to measure mRNA levels of the downregulated genes (ATG16L1, ATG5, ATG4D, and ATG9A) that were core molecules of autophagy. ATG16L1 and ATG5 mRNA levels in H. pylori‐positive specimens (n=86) were significantly less than those in H. pylori‐negative specimens (n=50). ATG16L1 mRNA levels were inversely related to H. pylori density. We also compared SNPs of ATG16L1 (rs2241880) among 206 H. pylori‐positive and 77 H. pylori‐negative subjects. The odds ratio for the presence of H. pylori in the GG genotype was 0.40 (95% CI: 0.18‐0.91) relative to the AA/AG genotypes.ConclusionsAutophagy‐related gene expression profiling using high‐throughput microarray analysis indicated that downregulation of core autophagy machinery genes may depress autophagy functions and possibly provide a better intracellular habit for H. pylori in gastric epithelial cells.
Effects of UV‐B on vitamin C, phenolics, flavonoids and their related enzyme activities in mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata)
Authors: Wang Hanbo , Gui Mengyuan , Tian Xue , Xin Xin , Wang Taixia , li Jingyuan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this study, ultraviolet‐B radiation (UV‐B) was used to effect the accumulation of vitamin C, phenolics and flavonoids in mung bean sprouts. Results indicate that the content of vitamin C and flavonoids increased during the initial period, and after a brief decline, reached peak levels of 25.29 ± 1.02 mg/100 g FW and 726.67 ± 7.35 mg/100 g DW, respectively, at 2.5 h (1.845 kJ m−2), while the peak levels of the phenolics were 10741.33 ± 68.04 mg/100 g DW. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content decreases with the increase in irradiation time. The activities of the related enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), L‐galactono‐1, 4‐lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) were determined, which showed strong correlations with the change in the content of vitamin C, phenolics and flavonoids. In conclusion, the accumulation of vitamin C, phenolics and flavonoids in mung bean sprouts can be promoted by a low‐dose UV‐B irradiation.
Sweetened beverage intake in association to energy and sugar consumption and cardiometabolic markers in children
Authors: Seferidi P. , Millett C. , Laverty A. A. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundArtificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) are promoted as healthy alternatives to sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) in order to reduce sugar intake, but their effects on weight control and glycaemia have been debated. This study examines associations of SSBs and ASBs with energy and sugar intake and cardiometabolic measures.MethodsOne thousand six hundred eighty‐seven children aged 4–18 participated in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (2008/9–2011/12) in the UK. Linear regression was used to examine associations between SSBs and ASBs and energy and sugar, overall and from solid foods and beverages, and body mass index, waist‐to‐hip ratio and blood analytes. Fixed effects linear regression examined within‐person associations with energy and sugar.ResultsCompared with non‐consumption, SSB consumption was associated with higher sugar intake overall (6.1%; 4.2, 8.1) and ASB consumption with higher sugar intake from solid foods (1.7%; 0.5, 2.9) but not overall, mainly among boys. On SSB consumption days, energy and sugar intakes were higher (216 kcal; 163, 269 and 7.0%; 6.2, 7.8), and on ASB consumption days, sugar intake was lower (−1.0%; −1.8, −0.1) compared with those on non‐consumption days. SSB and ASB intakes were associated with higher levels of blood glucose (SSB: 0.30 mmol L−1; 0.11, 0.49 and ASB: 0.24 mmol L−1; 0.06, 0.43) and SSB intake with higher triglycerides (0.29 mmol L−1; 0.13, 0.46). No associations were found with other outcomes.ConclusionSugar‐sweetened beverage intake was associated with higher sugar intake and both SSBs and ASBs with a less healthy cardiometabolic profile. These findings add to evidence that health policy should discourage all sweetened beverage consumption.
The impact of ‘free choice’: Family reforms of France and Belgium, a synthetic control analysis
Authors: Podestà Federico 
Published: January 2017

Between the 1980s and the late 1990s, France and Belgium introduced two long‐leave schemes and several measures to support childcare at home. Although this change was presented under the umbrella of the ‘free‐choice‐for‐women’ rhetoric, it moved both countries towards a more familistic model. To evaluate the impact of this reform phase on female labour force participation, the present study employed the synthetic control method. This approach made it possible to contrast the evolution of the French and Belgian female labour force participation rates, observed in consequence of the implementation of the policies under investigation, with the corresponding evolution of the same rates reconstructed in the absence of such family programmes. The results of this exercise suggest that if France and Belgium had not undergone this policy treatment, their female labour market participation rates would have been higher than those actually measured.Key Practitioner Message: • Combining long‐leave schemes with low incentives to support employment of a childminder obstructs female labour force participation.
Secukinumab administration by autoinjector maintains reduction of plaque psoriasis severity over 52 weeks: results of the randomized controlled JUNCTURE trial
Authors: Lacour J.‐P. , Paul C. , Jazayeri S. , Papanastasiou P. , Xu C. , Nyirady J. , Fox T. , Papavassilis C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundUser satisfaction is an important factor associated with treatment adherence in chronic diseases including moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy, safety and patient acceptability of 300 and 150 mg secukinumab – a fully human anti‐interleukin‐17A monoclonal antibody that has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis – self‐administered by autoinjection.MethodsPatients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis were randomized to secukinumab 300 mg, secukinumab 150 mg or placebo self‐administered by autoinjection at baseline, Weeks 1, 2 and 3 and then every 4 weeks from Week 4 to Week 48. Efficacy responses [≥75/90/100% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75/90/100) and clear/almost clear skin by Investigator's Global Assessment 2011 modified version (IGA mod 2011 0/1)] were measured at Week 52. Patient‐reported usability of the autoinjector was evaluated by the self‐injection assessment questionnaire to Week 48.ResultsAt Week 52 with secukinumab 300 mg, PASI 75/90/100 and IGA mod 2011 0/1 responses were achieved by 81.4/64.1/38.8% and 69.6% of patients, respectively, by multiple imputation. At Week 52 with secukinumab 150 mg, PASI 75/90/100 and IGA mod 2011 0/1 responses were achieved by 75.2/57.4/33.1% and 60.2% of patients, respectively, by multiple imputation. Patient‐assessed acceptability of the autoinjector remained high to Week 48. The proportion of patients experiencing adverse events was greater with secukinumab 300 mg (88.6%) than with secukinumab 150 mg (78.7%).ConclusionSelf‐administration of secukinumab using an autoinjector was associated with robust and sustained efficacy, a good safety profile and high acceptability.
Qualitative research on the Belgian Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System (CARES): An evaluation of the content validity and feasibility
Authors: Schouten Bojoura , Hellings Johan , Vankrunkelsven Patrick , Mebis Jeroen , Bulens Paul , Buntinx Frank , Vandijck Dominique , Van Hoof Elke 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe systematic assessment of cancer patients well‐being and care needs is internationally recommended to optimize comprehensive cancer care. The Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System (CARES) is a psychometrically robust quality of life and needs assessment tool of US origin, developed in the early 1990s. This article describes Belgian patients' view on the content validity and feasibility of the CARES for use in current cancer care.MethodsParticipants were cancer patients recruited through media. Data were gathered in 4 focus groups (n = 26). The focus group discussions were facilitated with key questions. A moderator and an observer conducted and followed up the discussion. The audio file was transcribed verbatim and afterwards analyzed thematically.ResultsParticipants experience concerns and needs in a wide range of life domains such as physical, emotional, cognitive, social, relational, sexual, financial, and work‐related and in the interaction with care professionals. According to participants, the items of the CARES are all relevant to capture the possible life disruption that cancer patients and survivors experience. One important theme is missing in the CARES, namely, the well‐being of loved ones. The completion time of the CARES was judged to be feasible, and according to participants, only a few items need a reformulation.ConclusionsIn general, the results of this study support the content validity and feasibility of the CARES. However, little adjustments in formulation and a few extra items are needed. The instrument can be used to obtain a comprehensive assessment of a cancer patients' overall well‐being and care needs to take dedicated action in care.
A Current Perspective on Screw‐Retained Single‐Implant Restorations: A Review of Pertinent Literature
Authors: Priest George 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveThere is a trend toward increased use of screw‐retained single‐implant restorations. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to examine the data related to screw‐ and cement‐retention and to objectively evaluate the innovations in implant dentistry that have led to this resurgence.OverviewWhen comparing the two options, survival and complication rates are similar, bone and soft‐tissue levels are comparable, and zirconia offers esthetic advantages for both selections. Zirconia abutments with bonded titanium inserts provide esthetic alternatives to titanium abutments for both choices. Bone‐ and soft‐tissue responses are similar, but residual cement of cement‐retained restorations is associated with significant soft‐ and hard‐tissue complications. The potential weakness of ceramic discontinuity of screw‐access openings can be lessened by the incorporation of stronger ceramic materials such as zirconia and lithium disilicate. The overriding remaining indication for cement‐retained restorations is to compensate for angled implants.ConclusionsScrew‐retained single‐implant crowns should be reconsidered for many clinical situations for the following reasons:

Predictable retention and retrievability
No potential for the biologic consequences associated with residual cement
As with cement‐retained restorations, the choice between metal ceramics or all ceramics
Only one margin, at the implant/abutment interface
A single abutment/crown ceramic margin that can extend gingivally to the implant interface
Nearly imperceptible blend of a composite resin in ceramic abutment access openings
One component instead of two, which may simplify the restorative process
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEInnovations in implant and ceramic technology now give screw‐retained prostheses the potential for esthetic, functional, and biologic outcomes that are comparable to those for cement‐retained prostheses, while providing the advantages of predictable retrievability and avoidance of residual cement. Angled implants, however, remain a major indication for cement‐retained single‐implant prostheses. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:161–171, 2017)
Patients in Haemodialysis Experienced Uraemic Pruritus as a Dual Phenomenon
Authors: Tarp Helene , Bonde‐Petersen Malene , Finderup Jeanette 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundUraemic pruritus (UP) is one of the most frequent symptoms for patients in haemodialysis. Studies show that UP decreases quality of life including sleep. Patients find it difficult to describe the symptoms of UP to healthcare professionals.ObjectivesTo explore how patients in haemodialysis experience the phenomenon of UP.MethodsA qualitative phenomenological‐hermeneutic framework was used. Fifteen semi‐structured interviews were undertaken at a Danish university hospital in November 2015. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using Malterud's principles of systematic text condensation.ResultsPatients gave conflicting descriptions of the phenomenon. Patients experienced UP as a dual phenomenon described as ‘the itch’ and ‘itching’. ‘The itch’ will never disappear and is unmanageable, and ‘itching’ appears intermittently and is possible to prevent and alleviate.Conclusion/Application to practiceIt is impossible for patients to manage UP on their own but it may be possible to manage it as a dual phenomenon. This knowledge can give both patients and healthcare professionals a new perspective on UP and its symptoms.
Profile and outcome of first 109 cases of paediatric acute liver failure at a specialized paediatric liver unit in India
Authors: Alam Seema , Khanna Rajeev , Sood Vikrant , Lal Bikrant B. , Rawat Dinesh 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsThe outcome of paediatric acute liver failure largely depends on age and aetiology. The aim of this work was to study the aetiological spectrum and outcome of the paediatric acute liver failure cases.MethodsThis prospective observational study included all children (<18 years age) fulfilling paediatric acute liver failure study group definition. Aetiological evaluation was done and predictive factors for poor outcome (death or liver transplantation) were analysed.ResultsThere were 109 children in total. The commonest aetiology was viral infections (50, 45.8%) followed by metabolic liver diseases (14, 13.2%) and drug‐induced liver injury (12, 11%). Viral, indeterminate and drug‐induced liver injury group were older in age, had higher international normalized ratio and alanine transaminases in comparison with those with metabolic liver diseases and other aetiologies (P<.05). At 90 days from presentation, 52 (47.7%) children survived with native liver. On multivariate analysis, jaundice to encephalopathy interval >7 days (adjusted OR: 9.16, 95% CI: 1.55‐53) and higher paediatric/model for end‐stage liver disease scores at 72 hours (adjusted OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.08‐1.32) were associated with poor outcome.ConclusionViral infections, indeterminate and drug‐induced liver injury‐related paediatric acute liver failure usually present in older children with higher international normalized ratio and alanine transaminases. Jaundice to encephalopathy interval >7 days and paediatric/model for end stage liver disease score >24 at 72 hours are associated with poor outcome.
Mortality from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Western Europe over the last 40 years
Authors: Ascione Antonio , Fontanella Luca , Imparato Michele , Rinaldi Luca , De Luca Massimo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsCirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are highly prevalent in Europe, with accompanying high mortality rates and social costs. As epidemiological data on these diseases are scarce, age‐standardized death rate (ASDR) can serve as an indirect assessment of their burden.MethodsWe analysed the ASDRs for LC and HCC from data reported in the WHO official death registries from 1970 to 2010, and compared ASDRs over the decades. The European Detailed Mortality Database was also used as source of data.ResultsIn 1970, Portugal had the highest reported mortality for LC, followed by France and Italy. However, in 2010, Finland, Austria and Germany were respectively the three highest, while the UK showed the highest increase over those four decades (+284.8%). The annual ASDRs for LC have dropped in Europe from 20.4/105 inhabitants in 1970 to 9.6 in 2010; a 53% decrease. For HCC, Spain, Italy and Denmark were ranked first through third, while in 2010 Italy, France and Luxembourg replaced them. Portugal had the highest increase (+654.7%). In 1980‐2010, the ASDR for HCC in Europe increased from 3.4/105 inhabitants to 6.3, up 85.4%. In the majority of nations—except for the UK, Finland and Ireland—there was a decrease in LC mortality and an increase for HCC mortality.ConclusionsThe LC mortality rate is decreasing in Europe, yet there is a significant increase in HCC mortality. This phenomenon requires greater attention so we can understand the risk factors and implement preventive measures.
Antihyperalgesic, Antiallodynic, and Antinociceptive Effects of Cebranopadol, a Novel Potent Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ and Opioid Receptor Agonist, after Peripheral and Central Administration in Rodent Models of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Tzschentke Thomas M. , Linz Klaus , Frosch Stefanie , Christoph Thomas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCebranopadol is a novel and highly potent analgesic acting via nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) and opioid receptors. Since NOP and opioid receptors are expressed in the central nervous system as well as in the periphery, this study addressed the question of where cebranopadol exerts its effects in animal models of chronic neuropathic pain. Mechanical hypersensitivity in streptozotocin (STZ)‐treated diabetic rats, cold allodynia in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model in rats, and heat hyperalgesia and nociception in STZ‐treated diabetic and control mice was determined after intraplantar (i.pl.), intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.), or intrathecal (i.th.) administration. In STZ‐treated rats, cebranopadol (i.pl.) reduced mechanical hypersensitivity in the ipsilateral paw, but had no effect at the contralateral paw. In CCI rats, cebranopadol (i.pl.) showed antiallodynic activity at the ipsilateral paw. After administration to the contralateral paw, cebranopadol also showed ipsilateral antiallodynic activity, but with reduced potency and delayed onset. In diabetic mice, cebranopadol i.th. and i.c.v. decreased heat hyperalgesia with full efficacy and similar potency for both routes. Cebranopadol also produced significant antinociception in nondiabetic controls. Thus, cebranopadol exerts potent and efficacious antihyperalgesic, antiallodynic, and antinociceptive effects after local/peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal administration. The contralateral effects after i.pl. administration were likely due to systemic redistribution. After central administration of cebranopadol, antihyperalgesic efficacy is reached at doses that are not yet antinociceptive. This study shows that cebranopadol is effective after peripheral as well as central administration in nociceptive and chronic neuropathic pain. Thus, it may be well‐suited for the treatment of chronic pain conditions with a neuropathic component.
Comparison of Salivary Cortisol and α‐amylase Levels and Psychological Profiles in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome
Authors: Nosratzehi Tahereh , Salimi Saeedeh , Parvaee Azadeh 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of the study was to compare salivary cortisol and α‐amylase levels and psychological profiles in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and healthy subjects.Methods and MaterialsSpitting method was used to collect unstimulated salivary. Salivary cortisol and α‐amylase levels were determined using ELISA and the Caraway starch‐iodine technique. SLC‐90 questionnaire was used to determine the psychological profiles.ResultsThe difference between mean of salivary cortisol levels in patients with BMS and in healthy subjects was not significant (4.50 ± 3.68 ng/mL vs. 3.69 ± 3.07 ng/mL, p = 0.377). The difference between mean of α‐amylase levels in the BMS patients and healthy subjects was significant (351.68 ± 142.5 and 146.22 ± 130.4, p = 0.001). Note that, 83.4% and 18% of the patients in the case and control groups had psychological problems (p = 0.001).ConclusionThe results showed higher salivary levels of cortisol and α‐amylase in patients with BMS compared to healthy individuals. Psychological problem was prevalent in patients.
Orchestrating rapid long‐distance signaling in plants with Ca2+, ROS and electrical signals
Authors: Choi Won‐Gyu , Miller Gad , Wallace Ian , Harper Jeffrey , Mittler Ron , Gilroy Simon 
Published: January 2017

SummaryPlants show a rapid systemic response to a wide range of environmental stresses, where the signals from the site of stimulus perception are transmitted to distal organs to elicit plant‐wide responses. A wide range of signaling molecules are trafficked through the plant, but a trio of potentially interacting messengers, reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+ and electrical signaling (‘trio signaling’) appear to form a network supporting rapid signal transmission. The molecular components underlying this rapid communication are beginning to be identified, such as the ROS producing NAPDH oxidase RBOHD, the ion channel two pore channel 1 (TPC1), and glutamate receptor‐like channels GLR3.3 and GLR3.6. The plant cell wall presents a plant‐specific route for possible propagation of signals from cell to cell. However, the degree to which the cell wall limits information exchange between cells via transfer of small molecules through an extracellular route, or whether it provides an environment to facilitate transmission of regulators such as ROS or H+ remains to be determined. Similarly, the role of plasmodesmata as both conduits and gatekeepers for the propagation of rapid cell‐to‐cell signaling remains a key open question. Regardless of how signals move from cell to cell, they help prepare distant parts of the plant for impending challenges from specific biotic or abiotic stresses.