bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myricetin protects keratinocyte damage induced by UV through IκB/NFκb signaling pathway
Authors: Xie Jing , Zheng Yanyan 
Published: August 2017

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potential molecular mechanism of myricetin that protecting cells from photodamage.MethodsMyricetin had broadly chemopreventive effects and anti‐inflammatory properties. The effect of myricetin was assessed on HaCaT cells. Cell viability assay was carried out. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured. The expression of pro‐inflammatory factor COX2 was determined by real‐time PCR and Western blot. The protein levels of p‐IκBa and IκBa were determined by Western blot.ResultsMyricetin attenuated UV‐induced keratinocyte death in a dose‐dependent manner as determined by cell viability assay. Pretreatment with myricetin also reduced the UV‐induced ROS levels. Myricetin suppresses the upregulation of COX2 induced by UV in keratinocyte as demonstrated by real‐time PCR and Western blot. Furthermore, signal transduction studies confirmed that myricetin attenuates the upregulation of COX2 induced by UV via suppression of IκB/NFκB pathways.ConclusionThese results showed that antioxidant property of myricetin can effectively attenuate UV‐caused cell damage and suppress the expression of COX2 through the IκB/NFκB signaling pathways. Myricetin had potential protective effects on UV‐induced skin cell damages, which might be used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
Life in a Forgotten Scottish Gulag: Punishment and Social Regulation in HM Peterhead Convict Prison
Authors: Holligan Chris 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper contributes to filling a lacuna in our knowledge of penal history in Scotland by examining the voices of convicts through records of prisoners experiencing Penal Servitude during the period 1897–1942. The sources utilized are the archived files of thirty‐two male convict prisoners in Scotland's Convict Prison at Peterhead. These files give insights about life in this remote prison as conveyed through records of punishment, prisoners' requests, and prisoners' letters. Prison Rules about convict correspondence highlight penal letters as a distinctive genre of communication: political and personal boundaries were enforced on all exchanges. The convict prison, like nineteenth‐century British labour colonies, imposed workhouse conditions at the extreme; it was a place of exclusion, dominated by religious and social sentiment and suppositions about criminal psychology and containment. The extent of the curtailment of convicts' liberty and the aim of re‐socialization is refracted in penal practices fostering convict dependency. The ethos of Scotland's convict colony was immersed in military traditions of training, subservience to authority and generalized gloom.
A worthy self is a caring self: Examining the developmental relations between self‐esteem and self‐compassion in adolescents
Authors: Donald James N. , Ciarrochi Joseph , Parker Philip D. , Sahdra Baljinder K. , Marshall Sarah L. , Guo Jiesi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveSelf‐compassion has been framed as a healthy alternative to self‐esteem, as it is nonevaluative. However, rather than being alternatives, it may be that the two constructs develop in a mutually reinforcing way. The present study tested this possibility among adolescents.MethodA large adolescent sample (N = 2,809; 49.8% female) reported levels of trait self‐esteem and self‐compassion annually for 4 years. Autoregressive cross‐lagged structural equation models were used to estimate the reciprocal longitudinal relations between the two constructs.ResultsSelf‐esteem consistently predicted changes in self‐compassion across the 4 years of the study, but not vice versa.ConclusionsSelf‐esteem appears to be an important antecedent of the development of self‐compassion, perhaps because the capacity to extend compassion toward the self depends on one's appraisals of worthiness. These findings add important insights to our theoretical understanding of the development of self‐compassion.
Impact of simulation‐based learning on immediate outcomes of temporary haemodialysis catheter placements by nephrology fellows
Authors: Tan Ru Yu , Lee Kian Guan , Gan Shien Wen Sheryl , Li Huihua , Yeon Wenxiang , Pang Suh Chien , Teh Swee Ping , Htay Htay , Teo Su Hooi , Kwek Jia Liang , Tok Pei Loo , Poh Cheng Boon , Ng Chee Yong , Liu Peiyun , Tay Hui Boon , Koniman Riece , Foo Marjorie Wai Yin , Choong Lina Hui Lin , Tan Chieh Suai 
Published: August 2017

Summary at a GlanceImproving procedural competency by simulation training may be associated with less complications. This retrospective study supports the use of structured training over the traditional apprentice model of insertion of acute haemodialysis catheters in a small cohort of trainees.
Global profiling of alternative splicing landscape responsive to drought, heat and their combination in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Liu Zhenshan , Qin Jinxia , Tian Xuejun , Xu Shengbao , Wang Yu , Li Hongxia , Wang Xiaoming , Peng Huiru , Yao Yingyin , Hu Zhaorong , Ni Zhongfu , Xin Mingming , Sun Qixin 
Published: August 2017

SummaryPlant can acquire tolerance to environmental stresses via transcriptome reprogramming at transcriptional and alternative splicing (AS) levels. However, how AS coordinates with transcriptional regulation to contribute to abiotic stresses responses is still ambiguous. In this study, we performed genome‐wide analyses of AS responses to drought stress (DS), heat stress (HS) and their combination (HD) in wheat seedlings, and further compared them with transcriptional responses. In total, we found 200, 3576 and 4056 genes exhibiting significant AS pattern changes in response to DS, HS and HD, respectively, and combined drought and heat stress can induce specific AS compared with individual one. In addition, wheat homeologous genes exhibited differential AS responses under stress conditions that more AS events occurred on B subgenome than on A and D genomes. Comparison of genes regulated at AS and transcriptional levels showed that only 12% of DS‐induced AS genes were subjected to transcriptional regulation, whereas the proportion increased to ~40% under HS and HD. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that abiotic stress‐responsive pathways tended to be highly overrepresented among these overlapped genes under HS and HD. Thus, we proposed that transcriptional regulation may play a major role in response to DS, which coordinates with AS regulation to contribute to HS and HD tolerance in wheat.
Urinary β2‐microglobulin and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Trends in preterm infants
Authors: Shima Yoshio , Kumasaka Sakae , Nishimaki Shigeru 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe developmental process of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is not identical between very preterm infants born small for gestational age (SGA) and those born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). In this study, we compared the pattern of the inflammatory response in infants of each group, by measuring urinary β2‐microglobulin (Uβ2M) as an alternative, concise, and less‐invasive biomarker.MethodsUβ2M and clinical details were examined at birth and at 4 weeks of age in 146 very preterm infants.ResultsOf the 57 infants diagnosed with BPD, 18 were SGA, and 39 were AGA. Uβ2M at birth was significantly lower in SGA BPD infants than in AGA BPD infants, but it increased with time. The prevalence of chorioamnionitis (CAM) was significantly lower in SGA BPD infants than in AGA BPD infants, while that of pregnancy‐induced hypertension was the opposite.ConclusionsExposure to prenatal factors other than CAM may sensitize fetal lungs to become vulnerable to postnatal inflammation in very preterm SGA infants with BPD.
Molecular characterization, expression pattern and ligand‐binding properties of the pheromone‐binding protein gene from Cyrtotrachelus buqueti
Authors: Yang Hua , Su Ting , Yang Wei , Yang Chun‐Ping , Chen Zhang‐Ming , Lu Lin , Liu Yan‐Lin , Tao Yuan‐Yuan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPheromone‐binding proteins (PBPs) play important roles in the information exchange between insect sexes, specifically in the process of transporting fat‐soluble odour molecules from the external environment to olfactory receptors through the olfactory sensillum lymph. The PBP functions in this process may explain the sex pheromone identification mechanism used by insects, laying a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of pests by interfering with olfactory recognition. In the present study, a PBP gene of Cyrtotrachelus buqueti (GenBank accession number: KU845733) is cloned for prokaryotic expression. Using N‐phenyl‐1‐naphthylamine as the fluorescent probe in a competitive binding assay, the ability of CbuqPBP1 to bind 12 sex pheromone analogues and three volatiles of Neosinocalamus affinis shoots is examined. Of the 12 C. buqueti sex pheromone analogues, dibutyl phthalate gives the greatest displacement (inhibitory constant value of 11.1 μm), whereas the other sex pheromone components show much smaller displacements. Consistent with other PBPs, the three plant volatiles (linalool, benzaldehyde and indole) show only a limited displacement of CbuqPBP1. However, the binding abilities of 1 : 1 ratios of each of the three plant volatiles with dibutyl phthalate show increases of 62.3%, 65.1% and 51.7% over the binding abilities of the three plant volatiles alone. CbuqPBP1 has dual roles in the processes of sensing sex pheromones and plant volatiles.
Leishmania tarentolae expressing CXCL‐10 as an efficient immunotherapy approach against Leishmania major‐infected BALB/c mice
Authors: Montakhab‐Yeganeh H. , Abdossamadi Z. , Zahedifard F. , Taslimi Y. , Badirzadeh A. , Saljoughian N. , Taheri T. , Taghikhani M. , Rafati S. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryRecent findings have demonstrated the suitability of interferon‐gamma‐induced protein 10 (IP‐10) or CXCL‐10 as an immunotherapy tool in treatment of leishmaniasis. This chemokine can overcome Leishmania (L.) infection through inducing nitric oxide (NO) production for parasite elimination. This study was undertaken to investigate the therapeutic effects of recombinant Leishmania tarentolae expressing CXCL‐10 and an expression vector encoding CXCL‐10 (pcDNA‐CXCL‐10‐EGFP) in a model of BALB/c mice susceptible to infection by Leishmania major. The outcome of intervention was examined at 3 weeks post‐treatment by evaluating the parameters of parasite burden (PB), arginase activity, NO and various cytokines such as IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐6 and IL‐10. The results have shown that despite the efficacy of CXCL‐10 expression vector as gene therapy, the live therapy strategy using L. tarentolae expressing CXCL‐10 was more effective in terms of decreasing PB. Nitric oxide production increased, especially in the live therapy approaches. Arginase activity also decreased in all regimens, which demonstrates the potency of the treatment. The overall cytokine production shifted in favour of Th1 responses in the treated mice. Altogether, recombinant L. tarentolae expressing CXCL‐10 represents a promising therapeutic strategy to improve treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Frontal alpha asymmetry and callous‐unemotional traits in imprisoned violent offenders: A pilot study
Authors: Keune Philipp M. , Mayer Sarah V. , Jusyte Aiste , Schönenberg Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBased on the approach‐withdrawal model of hemispheric asymmetry, anger and aggression have been linked to an approach‐related pattern, characterized by stronger relative left‐hemispheric anterior cortical activity. Recent work suggests that also in individuals with extremely violent tendencies, such as imprisoned offenders, approach‐related asymmetry may be associated with self‐reported trait anger and aggression. A putative association between alpha asymmetry and further characteristics relevant for aggression, such as callous‐unemotional (CU) traits, remains to be explored. CU traits may increase the probability of aggressive behavior; nevertheless, they may also enable individuals to inhibit and postpone the overt display of aggression until circumstances grant its strongest impact. In the current exploratory study, we measured trait aggression, CU traits, and resting‐state EEG asymmetry in the alpha band (8–13 Hz) in imprisoned violent offenders in a German high security prison. Results revealed that particularly trait callousness was associated with stronger relative right‐hemispheric anterior cortical activity (i.e., a withdrawal‐related pattern). An association between alpha asymmetry and aggression was not replicated. These preliminary findings suggest that, due to the involved emotional and interpersonal detachment, callousness might be withdrawal related, despite its potential to bring about aggressive behavior. They also imply that the identification of putative clinical subtypes in prisoners is required, as varying psychopathology might undermine an association between alpha asymmetry and aggression.
Most Likely Transformations
Authors: Hothorn Torsten , Möst Lisa , Bühlmann Peter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe propose and study properties of maximum likelihood estimators in the class of conditional transformation models. Based on a suitable explicit parameterization of the unconditional or conditional transformation function, we establish a cascade of increasingly complex transformation models that can be estimated, compared and analysed in the maximum likelihood framework. Models for the unconditional or conditional distribution function of any univariate response variable can be set up and estimated in the same theoretical and computational framework simply by choosing an appropriate transformation function and parameterization thereof. The ability to evaluate the distribution function directly allows us to estimate models based on the exact likelihood, especially in the presence of random censoring or truncation. For discrete and continuous responses, we establish the asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators. A reference software implementation of maximum likelihood‐based estimation for conditional transformation models that allows the same flexibility as the theory developed here was employed to illustrate the wide range of possible applications.
Anchored hybrid enrichment provides new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of longhorned beetles (Cerambycidae)
Authors: HADDAD STEPHANIE , SHIN SEUNGGWAN , LEMMON ALAN R. , LEMMON EMILY MORIARTY , SVACHA PETR , FARRELL BRIAN , ŚLIPIŃSKI ADAM , WINDSOR DONALD , MCKENNA DUANE D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCerambycidae is a species‐rich family of mostly wood‐feeding (xylophagous) beetles containing nearly 35 000 known species. The higher‐level phylogeny of Cerambycidae has never been robustly reconstructed using molecular phylogenetic data or a comprehensive sample of higher taxa, and its internal relationships and evolutionary history remain the subjects of ongoing debate. We reconstructed the higher‐level phylogeny of Cerambycidae using phylogenomic data from 522 single copy nuclear genes, generated via anchored hybrid enrichment. Our taxon sample (31 Chrysomeloidea, four outgroup taxa: two Curculionoidea and two Cucujoidea) included exemplars of all families and 23 of 30 subfamilies of Chrysomeloidea (18 of 19 non‐chrysomelid Chrysomeloidea), with a focus on the large family Cerambycidae. Our results reveal a monophyletic Cerambycidae s.s. in all but one analysis, and a polyphyletic Cerambycidae s.l. When monophyletic, Cerambycidae s.s. was sister to the family Disteniidae. Relationships among the subfamilies of Cerambycidae s.s. were also recovered with strong statistical support except for Cerambycinae being made paraphyletic by Dorcasomus Audinet‐Serville (Dorcasominae) in the nucleotide (but not amino acid) trees. Most other chrysomeloid families represented by more than one terminal taxon – Chrysomelidae, Disteniidae, Vesperidae and Orsodacnidae – were monophyletic, but Megalopodidae was rendered paraphyletic by Cheloderus Gray (Oxypeltidae). Our study corroborates some relationships within Chrysomeloidea that were previously inferred from morphological data, while also reporting several novel relationships. The present work thus provides a robust framework for future, more deeply taxon‐sampled, phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of the families and subfamilies of Cerambycidae s.l. and other Chrysomeloidea.
Use of granulocyte transfusions among haematology units in England and North Wales
Authors: Morton S. , Mijovic A. , Marks D. I. , Griffin J. , Massey E. , Bhatnagar N. , Stanworth S. J. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYObjectivesTo establish the current use of granulocyte transfusions in haematology patients and explore interest in further research.BackgroundGranulocytes may be used for the treatment of severe infection in neutropenic patients or for primary or secondary prophylaxis. Clinical utility of granulocyte transfusions is unclear, and recent studies have demonstrated equivocal outcomes. Pooled granulocytes are the main granulocyte product used in England and Wales, but there are no data on the patterns of use and little consensus on accepted indications.MethodsA survey was distributed to UK hospitals delivering intensive chemotherapy. Clinical scenarios were posed, with further questions on clinician experience of using granulocytes, availability of the product, barriers to use and interest in further research.ResultsThe response rate was 57%; 34·9% of all responses were from allogeneic stem cell transplant centres. Paediatric centres comprised 9·5% respondents, and 19% centres had access to apheresis granulocytes. Of respondents, 58·7% had used granulocytes in the last 3 years, 89·2% of whom used granulocytes to treat refractory infection. There was little consensus on use of granulocytes in the given clinical scenarios even when patients clearly met national guideline criteria. Paediatric centres were overall more likely to recommend granulocyte use. The most frequently identified barrier to use of granulocytes was lack of evidence of effect. Of the respondents, 75% indicated a willingness to participate in further research.ConclusionThere remains a lack of consistency about use of granulocytes, which is unsurprising given the lack of clinical data to support their efficacy. We did, however, demonstrate a willingness to participate in further research.
Country size and trade in intermediate and final goods
Authors: Soo Kwok Tong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper documents a negative relationship between country size and the share of final consumption goods in total exports. A model is developed, based on the division of labour and comparative advantage, to explain this relationship. Labour is used to produce traded intermediate inputs which are used in the production of traded final goods. Large countries gain relatively more from comparative advantage than from the division of labour, while the opposite is true for small countries. As in the data, large countries export a smaller share of final goods and a larger share of intermediate goods than small countries. It is shown that the model developed in the paper yields the same results as a model based on monopolistic competition.
RHD genotype and zygosity analysis in the Chinese Southern Han D+, D− and D variant donors using the multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification assay
Authors: Ji Y. L. , Luo H. , Wen J. Z. , Haer‐Wigman L. , Veldhuisen B. , Wei L. , Wang Z. , Ligthart P. , Lodén‐van Straaten M. , Fu Y. S. , van der Schoot C. E. , Luo G. P. 
Published: August 2017

Background and ObjectivesSeveral comprehensive genotyping platforms for determining red blood cell (RBC) antigens have been established and validated for use in the Caucasian and Black populations, but not for the Chinese. The multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay was validated for RHD genotyping in the Chinese.Materials and MethodsThe blood samples of 200 D+, 200 D− and 62 D variant Chinese donors were collected. RhD antigen was routinely typed by serological method. D variant phenotype was determined by an anti‐D panel (D‐Screen), when RBCs were available. The RHD genotype and its zygosity were analysed with the RH‐MLPA technique. When the MLPA was unable to identify a RHD variant, direct sequencing of all exons of the RHD gene was performed.ResultsIn 200 D+ donors, DD (168/200, 84%), D (12/200, 6%), DDD genotype (1/200) and D variant allele carriers (19/200, 9·5%) were found. In 200 D− donors, six reported RHD alleles, RHD*01EL.01, RHD*01N.03, RHD*01N.05, RHD*01N.16, RHD*DFR2 and RHD*weak partial 15 and one novel RHD*1154T allele were identified in 36·5% (73/200) of them. In 62 D variant donors, three novel RHD alleles, RHD*79_81delCTC, RHD*710T and RHD*689A, and twelve reported alleles, RHD*DVI.3, RHD*weak partial 15, RHD*DVI.4, RHD*01EL.01, RHD*01N.03, RHD*DLO, RHD*DV.5, RHD*D‐CE(2‐10), RHD*730C, RHD*weak D type 25, 33 and 72, were identified, either alone or in combination.ConclusionThe RH‐MLPA assay correctly identified the common RHD variant alleles in the Chinese population. However, DNA sequencing was required to identify certain alleles; probes to detect these alleles should be added into the assay.
TRANSHUMANISM, THEOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, AND MODERN BIOLOGICAL TAXONOMY
Authors: Dumsday Travis 
Published: August 2017

AbstractI examine the ways in which the theological and philosophical debate surrounding transhumanism might profit by a detailed engagement with contemporary biology, in particular with the mainline accounts of species and speciation. After a short introduction, I provide a very brief primer on species concepts and speciation in contemporary biological taxonomy. Then in a third section (titled “Implications for Technological Alteration of Species”) I draw out some implications for the prospects of our being able intentionally to intervene in human evolution for the production of new species out of Homo sapiens. In a fourth section (titled “How Does the Biological Conception of Homo sapiens Relate to a Philosophical (or Theological) Account of Human Nature? And Where Does This Leave Transhumanism?”) I bring in the debate over the proper relationship between biological and theological conceptions of human nature, laying out the major options available (in light of Ian Barbour's fourfold categorization schema) and considering their possible implications for our understanding of transhumanism. In a fifth section (titled “Potential Applications to Specific Subdisciplines of Theology”) several concrete examples are drawn out pertaining to particular subdisciplines within theology (hamartiology, soteriology, and eschatology). I conclude by briefly laying out some suggestions for future work, focusing on tasks that theologians specifically ought to pursue.
WHAT IF THE HUMAN MIND EVOLVED FOR NONRATIONAL THOUGHT? AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Marks Jonathan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOur knowledge of the evolution of human thought is limited not only by the nature of the evidence, but also by the values we bring to the authoritative scientific study of our ancestors. The tendency to see human thought as linear progress in rational (i.e., problem‐solving) capacities has been popular since the Enlightenment, and in the wake of Darwinism has been extended to other species as well. Human communication (language) can be used to transmit useful information, but is rooted in symbolic processes that are nonrational—that is, they involve choosing among functionally equivalent alternatives, any of which is as good an option as any other. The evolution of human thought cannot be realistically isolated from the evolution of human society or human communication, neither of which is rooted in obvious rationality.