bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O direito à convivência comunitária da criança e do adolescente no contexto urbano: o município e o Ministério das Cidades na institucionalização de políticas públicas urbanas
Authors: Patrão Benedicto De Vasconcellos Luna G. 
Published: March 2016

A opção pelas gated communities fez desaparecer dos espaços público urbanos - considerando a primeira vítima colateral de uma cidade que perde a árdua luta enfrentada para resistir ao avanço do isolamento espacial dos moradores - grande parte dos atrativos da vida citadina. Considerando a importância do ambiente público na formação da criança e do adolescente, a questão envolvendo a tutela da convivência comunitária está, inegavelmente, baseada na necessidade da efetivação de políticas públicas voltadas para a revitalização e readequação dos espaços urbanos, buscando resguardar a qualidade de vida daqueles que merecem especial proteção do Estado. Sob este prisma, portanto, que este trabalho será desenvolvido, ao demonstrar o papel do Poder Público na institucionalização das políticas públicas de combate à segregação urbana, que constitui um dos fatores impeditivos para a utilização do espaço público e consequentemente para a efetividade do Direito à convivência comunitária da criança e do adolescente.
Os limites funcionais do poder judiciário na teoria sistêmica e a judicialização das políticas públicas
Authors: Brasil Júnior Samuel Meira 
Published: March 2016

Temos visto, nos últimos anos, uma expansão das decisões judiciais provocada pela atuação dos tribunais em questões consideradas políticas, especialmente aquelas concernentes à proteção dos direitos sociais e fundamentais. Este artigo examina os limites funcionais das decisões judiciais, baseados na teoria sistêmica e o impacto da judicialização das políticas públicas.
Successful Fusion Of Information Systems Concepts With Complementary Technical Skill
Authors: Fitzgerald Shannon M. , Robak Nicholas John 
Published: March 2016

This paper addresses the integration of technical skills with information systems concepts required in an introductory MIS course, specifically focusing on the laptop inclusion initiative at our university. We will show the working relationship between the concepts and application segment of MIS, and how a laptop inclusion program combined with the use of e-Learning methodologies successfully combine the two.
Risk Factors On Returns Of Closed-End Funds
Authors: Yi Junesuh , Kim Moon K. 
Published: March 2016

Risk factors of closed-end funds may not be identical to those of common stocks due to the unique characteristics of closed-end funds whose share price is different from net asset value determined by underlying investment portfolios. This study investigates the relationship between closed-end fund returns and the risk factors measured from two types of assets, fund itself and its underlying portfolios. We also examine the size and the book-to-market effect of both two types of assets. This paper finds that size and book-to-market related factors measured from both fund itself and its investment portfolio play a significant role as risk factors, accounting for closed-end fund returns. These risk factors measured from fund itself are observed as equally important as those from investment portfolio characteristics. In addition, the book-to-market effect of fund itself assets is clearly showed.
Per Mile Emissions Taxes And Lump Sum Emissions Taxes: A Comparative Study Using A Mathematical Approach To Demand Estimation
Authors: Culp Robert P. 
Published: March 2016

The primary purpose of this study was to utilize the mathematical approach to demand estimation developed in Culp (2004) to compare two common emissions based taxes. The model assumes Cournot-Nash behavior and divides the automobile market into five homogenous segments. A global optimization program is utilized to mathematically determine the range of values the coefficients of demand must take in each segment to satisfy market equilibrium. Simulations were performed to examine the comparative impact on social welfare of both the per mile emission tax (PMET) and the lump sum emission tax (LSET) in the automotive and travel markets. In the simulations, a global optimization program allows market conditions to change while holding constant the level of pollution reduction, satisfying the other constraints of the model, and satisfying each firm’s first order profit-maximizing conditions. The simulation found that in five of the thirty-two quarters examined, and regardless of market conditions, that the LSET produced more gains from trade. In simulations of the remaining quarters, the outcomes varied depending upon the cross price elasticity of vehicle demand and upon the sensitivity of consumers to vehicle operating cost. The simulations also show that an approximately 20 percent reduction in emissions from new vehicles is achieved by the LSET with a median tax rate of $155.74 per gram of average CO emissions per mile. Consequently, a vehicle that emits an average of two grams of CO per mile would pay a one-time fee of $311.48. The median tax rate required by the PMET is $0.00666 per gram per mile. Accordingly, a vehicle that emits two grams of CO per mile on average would pay $0.0103 per mile or $1332.46 for every 100,000 miles traveled. The difference between the two tax rates, required to achieve the same pollution reduction goal, is likely the result of consumer’s insensitivity to the rise in vehicle operating costs caused by the PMET. This result is consistent with the view that consumers highly discount future payments.
Fun As Serious Business: Creating A Fun Work Environment As An Effective Business Strategy
Authors: Jeffcoat Kellmeny , Gibson Jane Whitney 
Published: March 2016

This paper discusses the use of fun in the workplace as an effective business strategy for recruiting and retaining talented employees as well as developing their creativity and productivity. The benefits of fun in the workplace are discussed and a few cautions are offered. Suggestions are made on creating a fun working environment using the “Be a Pal” model: Pay for fun, Allocate time for fun, and Lead the way.
Does The "Spiders" Market Attract Uninformed Trading Volume?
Authors: Chu Quentin C. , Zhou Dan 
Published: March 2016

The trading volume of Standard and Poor’s Depository Receipts (SPDRs) - or Spiders - has grown consistently since the inception of trading in 1993. Theoretical models have predicted that the Spiders market would attract trading volume from uninformed traders because their losses due to adverse trades with informed traders would usually be lower in this market than in individual security markets. As an extension of the modified mixture distribution hypothesis model proposed by Andersen (1996), this study applies the estimated parameters from the generalized method of moments to derive the percentage trading volume of SPDRs attributable to uninformed trades. Using ninety securities selected from the S&P 500 index as benchmark stocks for comparison, we find that the Spiders market indeed attracts a relatively higher percentage of trading volume from uninformed traders.
Continuing Education: A Vital Ingredient Of The Success Plan For Small Business
Authors: Atamian Rubik , VanZante Neal R. 
Published: March 2016

In a recent Journal of Business & Economics Research article, Atamian, et. al. (2009) provided practical advice for individuals considering forming a small business. In that article, the authors observed that a major factor in avoiding failure is to “plan for success.” The authors further noted that operating even the smallest of businesses calls for a multiplicity of skills seldom found in one individual. This article discusses the knowledge and skills that the small business owner must have in order to combat risk of failure. Furthermore, it encourages small business owners to recognize the necessity of including a viable continuing education element in their plans for success. It concludes with an expanded discussion of how small business owners can continually acquire knowledge and skills to sustain the vitality of their businesses.
Vampires, Slashers, Or Zombies: Opening Weekends Favorite Box Office Monster
Authors: Terry Neil , King Robert , Patterson Robin 
Published: March 2016

This paper examines the determinants of opening weekend box office revenue of movies from the horror genre. The sample consists of 225 films released during 1978-2010. Regression results indicate the primary determinants of opening weekend box office revenue for horror movies are number of theatres showing the movie during the opening weekend of release, holiday release, critical rating, sequels, restricted rating, production budget, and theme. Specific results include the observation that within the horror movie genre, the vampire and slasher themes add approximately four to eleven million dollars to opening weekend box office revenue, while the comedic theme stalls at the box office with earnings totaling as much as four million dollars less than other movies in the genre. Nudity and the zombie theme are not statistically significant determinants.
Comportamiento de la mastitis bovina y su impacto económico en algunos hatos de la Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Germán 
Published: March 2016

Se describe la caracterización de la mastitis en diez hatos representativos de la Sabana de Bogotá, enfocándose al estudio del problema durante dos años de visitas bimensuales. Se realizaron diferentes tipos de pruebas de campo y de laboratorio: manejo del hato en general, registros de producción, California Mastitis Test (CMT), Cultivos bacteriológicos en medios Agar sangre, Agar Mac Conkey, Agar Sabouraud, recuento de células somáticas, en 644 vacas y 2576 cuartos con visitas bimensuales lo que arrojó un total de 7866 observaciones en vacas y 31464 observaciones en cuartos durante el estudio. Complementario al estudio se llevó a cabo un seguimiento semanal durante tres meses, en un grupo de 30 vacas en tres fincas con ordeño manual para determinar el efecto de la infección sobre la producción de leche por cuarto, mediante la utilización de un balde ideado por el autor. Los resultados sugieren un mayor efecto de la infección en hatos con ordeño mecánico donde se encontró un 61,2% de infección en vacas y un 30% de infección subclínica por cuartos y un 4,7 % de cuartos con mastitis clínica. En ordeño manual la infección fue de 48% en vacas, 23,6% en cuartos y 3,6% de casos de cuartos con mastitis clínica. Se encontró una correlación del 91 % entre el CMT y el recuento de células somáticas lo que concuerda con los resultados de otros investigadores. En relación a los diferentes microorganismos aislados, se encontró como dominante el Streptococcus agalactiae en ordeño manual y Staphylococcus aureus en ordeño mecánico y se descartó la posibilidad de encontrar microorganismos coliformes como causales de mastitis durante el estudio. Referente al efecto de la infección sobre la producción se registraron pérdidas hasta de cinco litros diarios por vaca afectada tomando como indicador el CMT y el pesaje de la leche. También se pudo definir una disminución de la producción por cuarto de: 0,42; 0,90; 1,47; y 2,40 litros cuando se referenciaban a las lecturas de Trazas, 1, 2, 3 del CMT y se utilizaba el balde diseñado para este estudio. Se revisaron algunos limitantes económicos y sociales para mejorar el estatus de la enfermedad en los hatos.
Miopía, alteración visual en habitantes de Bogotá y Cundinamarca
Authors: Rubio Rincón Gina Sorel , Amaya Perozzo Claudia Xiomara 
Published: March 2016

<p>Objetivo: conocer la prevalencia de la miopía en dos instituciones médicas de Bogotá y tres de Cundinamarca durante marzo de 2006 y febrero de 2007, a través de una investigación descriptiva. Materiales y métodos: se examinaron 813 pacientes, de bajos estratos socioeconómicos y principalmente afiliados al régimen subsidiado en salud, que asistieron a la consulta de optometría de los Hospitales Rafael Uribe Uribe, Centro Médico San Camilo de Bogotá, Hospitales El Salvador de Ubaté, San Rafael de Girardot y Mario Gaitán Yanguas de Soacha, de Cundinamarca; mediante valoración optométrica y previa estandarización de la prueba, se recolectó la información en bases de datos SPSS 15.0, determinando aquellas refracciones para ambos ojos, que tuvieran esferas negativas y cilindros menores o iguales a su tercera parte. Resultados: se advirtió que la prevalencia de la miopía fue 17,5% (20/114) en el grupo de 54 - 71 años seguido por el grupo de 18 – 35 años en 16% (24/150). E igualmente la prevalencia por sexo fue en un 10,3% (53/515) en mujeres y en 9,1% (27/298) en hombres. Conclusiones: la miopía se presenta principalmente en personas adultas en edad económicamente productiva, lo que refleja la importancia del diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportuno de la misma por presentar una prevalencia media y significativas alteraciones visuales en la población.</p>
CARACTERIZACIÓN FÚNGICA EN EL ARCHIVO HISTÓRICO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Velandia David Hernández , Valiente Esteban López , Lizarazo Forero Luz Marina 
Published: March 2016

<span>Las esporas fúngicas se consideran componentes ambientales de espacios cerrados y muchas de ellas son responsables de causar biodeterioro de libros y material audiovisual. Para la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC) es muy importante la conservación de los bienes culturales del archivo histórico, por tal razón, en este trabajo identificamos hasta géneros comunidades de hongos presentes en el medio ambiente y en los documentos. La metodología utilizada para detectar las esporas, fue la sedimentación en placa con Agar papa dextrosa, a fin de obtener una estimación cualitativa de la presencia de hongos en los ambientes. Además se realizó el raspado de los libros afectados. La temperatura y humedad relativa se determinaron durante cada muestreo. El hongoPenicillium sp. (46,1%) fue el género más frecuentemente aislado de los sitios de muestreo marcados A y B, y de los libros de la muestra. Otros géneros aislados fueron Mucor sp., (16,9%), Aspergillus sp., (10,8%) y Chaetomiun sp. (7,7%).</span><br /><strong>Palabras claves:</strong><span> Biodeterioro, mohos, levaduras, archivo histórico</span>
MODELO MATEMÁTICO PARA LA ESTIMACIÓN DEL CAMPO RADIANTE EN REACTORES FOTOCATÁLICOS
Authors: Mueses Miguel Ángel , Machuca Martínez Fiderman 
Published: March 2016

<span>En este trabajo se propone un nuevo enfoque para la estimación del campo radiante en reactores fotocatalíticos heterogéneos. El modelo de campo de radiación efectiva se desarrolló a partir de las ecuaciones constitutivas para laemisión y absorción de energía. El nuevo modelo contempla cinco componentes para el balance de energía de radiación: i) El flujo neto de energía en el volumen υ a través de la superficie α en el sistema. ii) La energía total es absorbida porlas partículas del catalizador. iii) La pérdida de energía es por dispersión. iv) La ganancia de energía es por dispersión (se necesita una función de fase de la energía dispersada) y el flujo neto de energía en el volumen se da a travésde la superficie del reactor. El modelo es una función unidimensional integrodiferencial en términos de una variable arbitraria χ adimensional, donde α (χ) es el área de superficie del reactor, κυ, συ son los coeficientes medios de absorción volumétrica y la dispersión, respectivamente. El modelo fueutilizado para la simulación del campo de radiación, con el modelo Six Flux (para un reactor CPC y TiO2-P25). Permite obtener buenos resultados y es más rápido que la solución rigurosa de la ecuación de campo radiante</span><br /><strong>Palabras clave:</strong><span> Fotocatálisis, modelamiento, modelo de absorción, modelo de emisión, velocidad volumétrica de absorción de energía.</span>
SÍNTESIS SOL-GEL DE DIÓXIDO DE TITANIO PARA EL PROCESO DE FOTODEGRADACIÓN
Authors: Cipagauta Díaz Sandra , Gómez Romero José Ricardo , Tzompantzi Morales Francisco Javier , Hernández Gordillo Agileo , Rojas Sarmiento Hugo Alfonso 
Published: March 2016

<span>Para este trabajo se sintetizaron materiales nanoestructurados de dióxido de titanio por el método Sol-Gel, a baja temperatura. El pH de gelación se fijó en 3 (TiO2-a) y 9 (TiO2-b), se calcinaron a 500 °C, con el fin de estudiar lainfluencia del pH en las propiedades electrónicas, ópticas y estructurales en el proceso de fotodegradación.Los resultados indican que los semiconductores poseen tamaños de partículas entre 7 y 10 nm. Las áreas superficiales específicas de los materiales, determinadas por el método BET, son: 80 m2/g TiO2-a y 61 m2/g TiO2-b, muy superiores a la obtenida con la titania Degussa P25 (50 m2/g). La espectroscopia UV-vis de reflectancia difusa se utilizó para determinar la distancia energética entre bandas(Egp) de los materiales, teniendo el siguiente orden: Egp (TiO2-a) &lt; Egp (TiO2-b) &lt; Egp (Degusa P25). Los DRX sugieren que los materiales son principalmente faseanatasa. La imagen de TEM muestra que el TiO2-a presenta un menor tamaño de partículas (5 nm) en comparación con el otro semiconductor. La actividad fotocatalítica se probó en la degradación de 4-nitrofenol (4NP). La mineralización del contaminante hasta el 98% (TOC), se obtuvo con la muestra de TiO2-a, exhibiendo la más alta fotoactividad.</span><br /><strong>Palabras clave:</strong><span> Dióxido de titanio, fotocatálisis, 4-nitrofenol, mineralización, síntesis Sol-Gel.</span>
An approach to the analysis of observability and controllability in nonlinear systems via linear methods
Authors: Zhirabok Alexey , Shumsky Alexey 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the problem of observability and controllability analysis in nonlinear dynamic systems. Both continuous- and discrete-time systems described by nonlinear differential or difference equations, respectively, are considered. A new approach is developed to solve this problem whose features include (i) consideration of systems with non-differentiable nonlinearities and (ii) the use of relatively simple linear methods which may be supported by existing programming systems, e.g.,Matlab. Sufficient conditions are given for nonlinear unobservability/uncontrollability analysis. To apply these conditions, one isolates the linear part of the system which is checked to be unobservable/uncontrollable and, if the answer is positive, it is examined whether or not existing nonlinear terms violate the unobservability/uncontrollability property.
Bayesian reliability models of Weibull systems: State of the art
Authors: Zaidi Abdelaziz , Ould Bouamama Belkacem , Tagina Moncef 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In the reliability modeling field, we sometimes encounter systems with uncertain structures, and the use of fault trees and reliability diagrams is not possible. To overcome this problem, Bayesian approaches offer a considerable efficiency in this context. This paper introduces recent contributions in the field of reliability modeling with the Bayesian network approach. Bayesian reliability models are applied to systems with Weibull distribution of failure. To achieve the formulation of the reliability model, Bayesian estimation of Weibull parameters and the model’s goodness-of-fit are evoked. The advantages of this modelling approach are presented in the case of systems with an unknown reliability structure, those with a common cause of failures and redundant ones. Finally, we raise the issue of the use of BNs in the fault diagnosis area.
A novel fuzzy c-regression model algorithm using a new error measure and particle swarm optimization
Authors: Soltani Moêz , Chaari Abdelkader , Ben Hmida Fayçal 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a new algorithm for fuzzy c-regression model clustering. The proposed methodology is based on adding a second regularization term in the objective function of a Fuzzy C-Regression Model (FCRM) clustering algorithm in order to take into account noisy data. In addition, a new error measure is used in the objective function of the FCRM algorithm, replacing the one used in this type of algorithm. Then, particle swarm optimization is employed to finally tune parameters of the obtained fuzzy model. The orthogonal least squares method is used to identify the unknown parameters of the local linear model. Finally, validation results of two examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed algorithm.
Neural network segmentation of images from stained cucurbits leaves with colour symptoms of biotic and abiotic stresses
Authors: Gocławski Jarosław , Sekulska-Nalewajko Joanna , Kuźniak Elżbieta 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in plant leaf tissues is a hallmark of a plant’s reaction to various environmental stresses. This paper describes an automatic segmentation method for scanned images of cucurbits leaves stained to visualise ROS accumulation sites featured by specific colour hues and intensities. The leaves placed separately in the scanner view field on a colour background are extracted by thresholding in the RGB colour space, then cleaned from petioles to obtain a leaf blade mask. The second stage of the method consists in the classification of within mask pixels in a hue-saturation plane using two classes, determined by leaf regions with and without colour products of the ROS reaction. At this stage a two-layer, hybrid artificial neural network is applied with the first layer as a self-organising Kohonen type network and a linear perceptron output layer (counter propagation network type). The WTA-based, fast competitive learning of the first layer was improved to increase clustering reliability. Widrow–Hoff supervised training used at the output layer utilises manually labelled patterns prepared from training images. The generalisation ability of the network model has been verified by K-fold cross-validation. The method significantly accelerates the measurement of leaf regions containing the ROS reaction colour products and improves measurement accuracy.
Neural network based identification of hysteresis in human meridian systems
Authors: Tan Yonghong , Dong Ruili , Chen Hui , He Hong 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Developing a model based digital human meridian system is one of the interesting ways of understanding and improving acupuncture treatment, safety analysis for acupuncture operation, doctor training, or treatment scheme evaluation. In accomplishing this task, how to construct a proper model to describe the behavior of human meridian systems is one of the very important issues. From experiments, it has been found that the hysteresis phenomenon occurs in the relations between stimulation input and the corresponding response of meridian systems. Therefore, the modeling of hysteresis in a human meridian system is an unavoidable task for the construction of model based digital human meridian systems. As hysteresis is a nonsmooth, nonlinear and dynamic system with a multi-valued mapping, the conventional identification method is difficult to be employed to model its behavior directly. In this paper, a neural network based identification method of hysteresis occurring in human meridian systems is presented. In this modeling scheme, an expanded input space is constructed to transform the multi-valued mapping of hysteresis into a one-to-one mapping. For this purpose, a modified hysteretic operator is proposed to handle the extremum-missing problem. Then, based on the constructed expanded input space with the modified hysteretic operator, the so-called Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) neural network is utilized to model hysteresis inherent in human meridian systems. As hysteresis in meridian system is a dynamic system, a dynamic ELMneural network is developed. In the proposed dynamic ELMneural network, the output state of each hidden neuron is fed back to its own input to describe the dynamic behavior of hysteresis. The training of the recurrent ELM neural network is based on the least-squares algorithm with QR decomposition.