bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal epithelial ingrowth after small incision lenticule extraction surgery: Insights from a case series and mechanistic studies
Authors: Zhang Miao , Chong Ieng , Chen Xiaoniao , Yang Juan , Cheng Linling , Yan Zonghui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCorneal epithelial ingrowth (EI) is a rare but significant complication following Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) surgery. During the procedure, the opaque bubble layer (OBL) formation may create microchannels that disrupt Bowman's layer, providing a pathway for epithelial cells to migrate into the corneal stroma. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms behind EI development and proposed preventive strategies. We analyzed four cases of EI post‐SMILE surgery, utilizing anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) and corneal tomography for diagnosis. Preventive measures, including careful anesthetic application and precise suction cone positioning, were employed to minimize OBL formation. Here, we show that subflap debris removal surgery led to significant clinical improvement, with no EI recurrence observed. Our findings suggest that the microchannels created by OBL during surgery may play a crucial role in EI development, challenging previous assumptions that EI is primarily due to trauma at the flap edges. This underscores the importance of precise surgical technique and effective postoperative management. Further research, including clinical studies and advanced imaging, is needed to confirm this proposed mechanism and improve outcomes in refractive surgery. The study highlights the necessity for ongoing advancements in surgical protocols and technology to prevent and manage EI effectively.
Major Determinants of Well‐Being in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis: 2 Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Ediboglu Elif Durak , Erpek Esra , Bayraktar Deniz , Özmen Mustafa , Solmaz Dilek , Akar Servet 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesBath Ankylosing Spondylitis Patient Global Score (BAS‐G) is a uni‐dimensional scale that enables patients to evaluate the effects of their illness on their health. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of disease related outcomes on the BAS‐G scores in patients with axSpA.MethodsA total of 309 patients (56.6% of whom were male, mean age 44 ± 11) were included in the study. Socio‐demographic characteristics (age, sex and education level) and clinical characteristics such as disease activity (BASDAI and CRP), spinal mobility (BASMI), functional status (BASFI), radiographic structural damage (mSASS, mNY, and BASRI‐hip), and health related quality of life (SF‐36 and ASQoL) of the patients were recorded at baseline. In addition, BASDAI total and each item score, BASFI, BAS‐G, and CRP levels were collected at 6, 12, and 24 months.ResultsFemale patients had significantly higher BAS‐G scores (p = 0.037). Baseline BASDAI total score (p < 0.001) and all BASDAI item scores (p < 0.001 for each item), BASFI total score (p < 0.001), ASQoL total score (p < 0.001), and SF‐36 PCS sum‐score (p < 0.001) were moderately/highly correlated with BAS‐G. Multivariate analysis revealed that back pain (BASDAI Q2) (p < 0.001) and the severity of morning stiffness (BASDAI Q5) (p < 0.001) were the main determinants of BAS‐G in patients with axSpA. In 2‐year follow‐up, BASDAI Q1, BASDAI Q5, and BASFI scores were independent determinants of BAS‐G in patients with axSpA.ConclusionAccording to the results of the present study, patients with axSpA mainly rely on morning stiffness and back pain to determine their global health status. Moreover, fatigue, severity of morning stiffness and function are the determinants of BAS‐G during follow‐up.
A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Programmes or Strategies to Treat People With Persistent Knee Pain Following a Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Johns Nathan , Naylor Justine M. , McKenzie Dean , Brady Bernadette , Thirugnanam Brinda , Olver John 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPersistent high levels of knee pain after a total knee replacement have been estimated to affect 5%–10% of people and this is related to dissatisfaction with surgery, reduced function and reduced quality of life. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs or strategies to reduce persistent pain and improve function and quality of life in people following a total knee replacement.MethodsThe systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines with a search of relevant online databases up to 17 July 2024. The search criteria included English language randomised controlled trials of rehabilitation programs or strategies in any setting to treat people with persistent knee pain more than 3 months after a total knee replacement. Rehabilitation could include exercise, education, cognitive strategies and self‐management programs and excluded medication trials, procedural techniques and complementary therapies.ResultsAfter removal of duplicates, there were 468 abstracts screened for eligibility with 23 remaining for full‐text screening and finally, one study meeting the eligibility criteria. This study's interventions were pain neuroscience education alone and pain neuroscience education plus neuromuscular exercise. There were no statistically significant between‐group differences for pain reduction or functional improvement.ConclusionThe evidence examining the value of rehabilitation programs or strategies for pain reduction and functional improvement in people with persistent pain following total knee replacement is deficient. Given the high number of people affected annually, further research concerning both prevention and management of persistent pain after knee replacement is warranted.
Test–retest and inter‐rater reliability of two devices measuring tactile mechanical detection thresholds in healthy adults: Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments and the cutaneous mechanical stimulator
Authors: Mamino Elisa , Lithfous Ségolène , Pebayle Thierry , Dufour André , Després Olivier 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsLimitations exist in evaluating mechanical detection thresholds (MDTs) due to a lack of dependable electronic instruments designed to assess Aβ fibers and measure MDTs across different body areas. This study aims to evaluate the test–retest and inter‐rater reliability of the cutaneous mechanical stimulator (CMS), an electronic tactile stimulator, in quantifying MDTs.MethodsUsing a test–retest design, participants underwent assessments of MDTs using Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments (SWM) and the CMS. This study included 27 healthy volunteers (mean age 24.07 ± 3.76 years). Two raters assessed MDTs using SWM and the CMS at two stimulation sites (the left hand and foot) in two experimental sessions approximately 2 weeks apart.ResultsMDTs using SWM and the CMS showed excellent reliability on the hand (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = .84) and foot (ICC = .90). A comparison of results obtained at the two sessions showed that MDTs on the hand displayed good reliability for both SWM (ICC = .63) and the CMS (ICC = .73), whereas MDTs on the foot displayed fair reliability for SWM (ICC = .50) and the CMS (ICC = .42). MDTs exhibited good inter‐rater reliability with SWM (ICC = .66) and excellent inter‐rater reliability with the CMS (ICC = .82) on the hand, as well as showing fair inter‐rater reliability with SWM (ICC = .53) and good inter‐rater reliability with the CMS (ICC = .60) on the foot.DiscussionThe CMS showed superior inter‐rater reliability, indicating its potential as a valuable tool for assessing tactile sensitivity in research and clinical settings.
An optimal demand side management for microgrid cost minimization considering renewables
Authors: Pinninti Swarupa , Sura Srinivasa Rao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn an ordinary microgrid configuration, the required load changes from hour to hour. The power system firms determine the cost of energy at different times of day by considering the highest and lowest points of the consumption curve. This is referred to as time‐of‐use (TOU) pricing for power. The hourly basis load demand is divided into flexible and inflexible categories. Demand side management (DSM) lowers peak demand while rewarding customers for their participation based on load lowering. His rebuilds the whole load model on the pillars of demand cost movement. The research recommends a DSM methodology based on a combined intellect method to lower the total cost of employing loads in a microgrid (MG) structure while considering carbon tax as an unavoidable constraint to lower the emission of pollutants. This is because 40% of microgrid customers are willing to participate in the DSM scheme. The results obtained in each illustration demonstrate that the suggested DSM technique is suitable in terms of cost reduction. The generating cost was decreased from $15,488 to $15,354 when 0%–40% of clients engaged in the DSM programme. With just a 3% compromised increase in generation costs, a carbon price combined with economic emission dispatch reduced the pollutants emitted by up to 78%, from 70 to 15 tons.
Experimental analysis of a beam with a 2D triangular substructure
Authors: Poursangari Narges , Müller Wolfgang H. , Völlmecke Christina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine experimentally the higher material parameter of a metamaterial with a triangular substructure and to verify a higher‐gradient elasticity model for beams with internal substructures or microstructures. The investigations of the higher‐gradient elasticity models of Bernoulli‐Euler and Timoshenko beams with a periodic triangular substructure in Khakalo et al. show that the bending stiffness strongly depends on the geometrical parameters of the lattice structure. To achieve this goal, beams with triangular substructures were additively manufactured using fused deposition modeling and stereolithography. They were experimentally investigated in tensile and bending tests. Three different types of beams with triangular substructures were produced, consisting of one, two and four layers of triangular beams, using two different materials: Polylactide and epoxy resin. The higher material parameter g was quantitatively determined based on the experimental results using inverse analysis. The results are valid for these specific variations of the substructure and can adequately represent the elastic size effects. In addition, this study investigates the relationship between the bending stiffness and the geometric parameters of the lattice structure as well as the influence of the curing time on the elastic properties of epoxy resin. The experiments involved testing the triangular beams under tensile and bending loads. The numerical and experimental results were compared using digital image correlation. Based on the experimental data, a higher gradient material parameter representing the geometric structure of the lattice was determined.
Recent advances in conductive materials for printed electronics and printed technology
Authors: Ke Shenghai , Liu Yinan , Chen Feng , Ni Xiaohui , Ma Yaxi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe growing interest in flexible conductive materials and printed electronic components has spawned a series of new commercial applications, including smart devices, functional clothing, and intelligent packaging. This review summarizes the main preparation techniques for conductive ink fillers, while considering the influence of the source materials (metals, carbon nanoparticles and polymers) that affect the performance of the conductive inks. The preparation methods and related research advances in electronic components (flexible electrodes and sensors) based on inkjet printing and screen‐printing technology are summarized. In addition, the literature review reveals that the current research content rarely considers the influence of printing conditions on the quality of the printed electronic devices, thus indicating that numerous specific engineering challenges need to be overcome for the commercial application of printed electronics.
Porous structural battery composite for coordinated integration of mechanical and electrical functionalities
Authors: He Yongxi , Zhang Jiacheng , Zhang Yiqun , Duan Xuechao , Zhou Jinzhu , Gao Wenjie , Li Xun , Fan Guanheng , Li Peng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStructural battery composites (SBCs) represent an emerging multifunctional technology in which materials functionalized with energy storage capabilities are used to build load‐bearing structural components. However, due to the liquid electrolyte contamination in structural battery electrolyte (SBE) and the large volume expansion of active battery materials, the poor interlayer interfacial in multilayer SBCs often causes difficulties in practical use. In this study, a new porous LiFePO4‐graphite SBC is designed and fabricated by independently distributing battery materials and resin matrix on carbon fiber fabric in pattern lattice form to prepare electrodes prepreg. The cured porous composite framework supports the load‐bearing function while limiting the electrochemical reaction in liquid electrolyte within lattices. The electrodes show reversible electric resistance after 3000 bending cycles with radius as small as 10 mm. The mechanical properties enhance significantly with tensile strength of 486.1 MPa and Young's modulus of 9.1 GPa compared to that with a liquid–solid biphasic mixed SBE structure. The SBC also exhibits a favorable capacity of 27.8 mAh/g at 0.1C. This straightforward integration path of mechanical and electrical functionalities is compatible with the manufacturing process of aerospace composite structures, which will provide an efficient and convenient energy supply solution for distributed electronics.Highlights
A porous full‐cell structural battery composite (SBC) was designed and fabricated with prepregs.
A suspension deposition and volatilization method was developed for robust battery material coating.
Electrodes layer exhibited reversible electric resistance after 3000 tensile/bending cycles.
The tensile strength and modulus increased significantly compared to the SBC with liquid–solid biphasic mixed structural battery electrolyte.
Coordinated integration path was completely compatible with the manufacturing process of aerospace composite structures.
Enhancement of mechanical and structural characteristics through the hybridization of carbon fiber with Cordia‐dichotoma/polyester composite
Authors: Madhusudhan Reddy B. , Harisankar P. , Suresh Kumar G. , Meenakshi Reddy R. , Ananthakrishna N. , Mohan Reddy Y. V. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSingle fiber polymer composites containing either natural or artificial fibers may not deliver the desired characteristics. The current study used the hand‐layup technique to make a hybrid composite by incorporating the natural fiber, Cordia‐dichotoma (CD) and artificial fiber, carbon fibers (CF) in a polyester matrix and compressing the mixture for the desired size. The current study investigates the influence of carbon fiber loading (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%) on the mechanical, structural, and crystalline properties of CD/polyester composites keeping the total fiber loading at 20 wt%. Mechanical properties are investigated with a universal testing machine, and impact strength using Izod impact apparatus. Better mechanical properties (tensile strength‐457.38 MPa; flexural strength‐290.09 MPa and impact strength‐346.46 J/m) were obtained for the pure carbon fiber composite arranged in four layers (CF/CF/CF/CF), followed by hybrid composite (CF/CD/CD/CF) (tensile strength‐319.24 MPa; flexural strength‐253.03 MPa and impact strength‐291.34 J/m) whereas pure CD fiber (CD/CD/CD/CD) composite yielded the lowest values (tensile strength‐117.96 MPa; flexural strength‐164.99 MPa and impact strength‐118.11 J/m). Composites undergo hybridization, which improves their mechanical properties, lowers their cost, and makes them more environmentally friendly. The characteristics of the specimens were examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). According to findings, crystallinity index is increased from 77.94% for CD/CD/CD/CD composite and increased to 78.21% for CF/CD/CD/CF composite. Highest crystallinity index of 82.46% was obtained for CF/CF/CF/CF composite. These hybrid composites may be used for applications involving medium loads.Highlights
In this study, Cordia‐dichotoma natural fibers are extracted and treated with alkali (NaOH) to reduce the biodegradability.
To lower the cost and enhance mechanical and biodegradable properties Carbon and cordia‐dichotoma fibers have been hybridized.
Mechanical Properties such as tensile, flexural and impact properties are evaluated for the prepared hybrid composites.
Hybrid composites were analyzed using FTIR, AFM, XRD, and SEM to assess their suitability to various applications.
Experimental investigation of the compressive behavior of epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with straight and helical carbon nanotubes
Authors: Saririan Soroush , Borynski Michael , Londono Thomas , Arango Jose , Kirane Kedar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper is aimed at an experimental investigation of the effect of straight and helical carbon nanotubes on the compressive behavior of epoxy nanocomposites. The epoxy nanocomposites are fabricated with varying levels of SCNT and HCNT, each with two different fabrication techniques viz. high shear mixing and ultrasonication. In samples made using high shear mixing, the compressive strength is found to actually decrease, due to poor dispersion of the CNTs, resulting in voids and clumps, which can adversely affect the strength. Ultrasonic homogenization is found to better disperse the CNTs within the epoxy resin with nearly a 10‐fold decrease in the heterogeneity size. Compression tests conducted on the ultrasonically homogenized CNT‐epoxy nanocomposites indicate a modest increase in the compressive strength. The best increase of 5% is obtained with 1% SCNT. On the other hand, the HCNT samples show a higher post‐peak residual stress suggesting an improved mode II/III fracture toughness. The high shear mixed samples exhibit a bulging deformation with no clear evidence of shear localization. On the other hand, the ultrasonic homogenization (UH) samples bulge and eventually show a clear localized shear band, likely due to a smaller heterogeneity size. Some samples with relatively poor dispersion exhibit an axial splitting failure and a comparatively low compressive strength. In addition, it is demonstrated that using acetone as a solvent during dispersion can affect the curing kinetics, which results in a nanocomposite with a rubbery consistency with low stiffness and strength, but high deformability.Highlights
Straight and helical CNTs impact the compressive behavior of epoxy nanocomposites
High shear mixing reduces compressive strength due to poor CNT dispersion
Ultrasonication improves CNT dispersion but modest rise in compressive strength
HCNTs cause higher post‐peak residual stress suggesting higher toughness
Using acetone affects curing, leading to rubbery, deformable nanocomposites.
Child gender and challenging behavior influences early childhood teachers' use of behavior specific praise
Authors: Granger Kristen L. , Washington‐Nortey Melissa , Chow Jason C. , Broda Michael D. , Montesion Alexandra , Sutherland Kevin S. , Conroy Maureen A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study used data from 435 teacher‐child dyads in early childhood classrooms to examine the extent to which teachers' use of behavior specific praise (BSP) with children screened for elevated rates of externalizing behaviors was influenced by the intensity of child challenging behavior and gender. Observational assessments indicated that teachers used BSP infrequently. A multiple regression model revealed a significant association between the interaction of child challenging behavior and gender and teachers' delivery of BSP. An examination of the simple slopes revealed a disordinal interaction where the relation between challenging behavior and teachers' delivery of BSP differed as a function of child gender. These findings point to an increased need for training to support teachers' use of BSP and understanding of the influence of child gender and behavior on the use of BSP.
Preparation of novel fluorinated highly branched (A3 + B3)‐type hyperbranched poly(amide‐imides) for electrochromism and iodine adsorption
Authors: Yang Wen , Sun ZeBang , Zhang XiaoSa , Zhu XiaoYu , Luan Jian , Li ZhengKai , Li WenZe , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, a series of (A3 + B3)‐type fluorinated hyperbranched poly(amide‐imides) were successfully synthesized with carbazole and fluorene units as end‐capping moieties. All synthesized end‐capping hyperbranched PAIs showed over 70% branching as determined by 1H NMR, demonstrating good solubility and thermal stability (Tgs: 242–263°C, T10%: 576–629°C). The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of hyperbranched PAI films were measured at 4.65–4.73 and 1.51–1.66 eV, respectively, suggesting favorable reoxidation and reduction characteristics. PAI‐2 demonstrates a 46.6% transmittance variation (∆T, 418 nm), along with a coloring/bleaching process time of 2.3 s/1.6 s, a coloring efficiency (CE) of 310 cm2/C, and exceptional redox stability over 100 cycles. Furthermore, the synthesized PAIs containing electron‐withdrawing groups exhibited a high iodine adsorption capacity as determined by iodine adsorption tests (PAI‐1: 534 mg/g, PAI‐2: 579 mg/g, PAI‐3: 490 mg/g).
High‐performance self‐healing epoxy by microencapsulated epoxy‐amine chemistry II: Performance of the system
Authors: Zhu Mengzhang , Xiao Kaibin , Zhang He 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe self‐healing epoxy based on microencapsulated epoxy‐amine chemistry is a system with great potential for practical applications. Herein, microcapsules respectively containing epoxy and polyetheramine were fabricated using a microencapsulation technique via integrating electrospraying and interfacial polymerization (ES‐IP) and self‐healing epoxy based on the dual microcapsules were systematically investigated regarding the microcapsule dispersion, healing performance, failure mode, and mechanical properties. Microcapsules with different sizes were conveniently prepared by adjusting the injection rate. The microcapsules, regardless of the size, can be well dispersed in the epoxy matrix. The effects of the microcapsule size and concentration on the healing performance were studied. While full healing can be obtained for microcapsule >100 μm, high healing efficiency of about 90% and 70% can be achieved for microcapsules in 50 ~ 100 μm and ~ 50 μm, respectively. The healing performance decreases with the decreased microcapsule concentration. However, healing efficiency >70% can still be obtained when 5.0 wt% microcapsule of 50 ~ 100 μm were adopted. Mixed failure modes including adhesive failure, cohesive failure, and matrix failure, were observed, due to the good performance of the selected healant system. While the incorporated microcapsules, especially the small ones, evidently toughens the matrix, they deteriorate the tensile properties of the formulated self‐healing material.