bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ICE1 of Pyrus ussuriensis functions in cold tolerance by enhancing PuDREBa transcriptional levels through interacting with PuHHP1
Authors: Huang Xiaosan , Li Kongqing , Jin Cong , Zhang Shaoling 
Published: December 2015

AbstractICE1 transcription factor plays an important role in plant cold stress via regulating the expression of stress-responsive genes. In this study, a PuICE1 gene isolated from Pyrus ussuriensis was characterized for its function in cold tolerance. The expression levels of the PuICE1 were induced by cold, dehydration and salt, with the greatest induction under cold conditions. PuICE1 was localized in the nucleus and could bind specifically to the MYC element in the PuDREBa promoter. The PuICE1 fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain to have transcriptional activation activity. Ectopic expression of the PuICE1 in tomato conferred enhanced tolerance to cold stress at cold temperatures, less electrolyte leakage, less MDA content, higher chlorophyll content, higher survival rate, higher proline content, higher activities of enzymes. In additon, steady-state mRNA levels of six stress-responsive genes coding for either functional or regulatory genes were induced to higher levels in the transgenic lines by cold stress. Yeast two-hybrid, transient assay, split luciferase complementation and BiFC assays all revealed that PuHHP1 protein can physically interact with PuICE1. Taken together, these results demonstrated that PuICE1 plays a positive role in cold tolerance, which may be due to enhancement of PuDREBa transcriptional levels through interacting with the PuHHP1.
Tracing the Flow of Perceptual Features in an Algorithmic Brain Network
Authors: Ince Robin A. A. , van Rijsbergen Nicola J. , Thut Gregor , Rousselet Guillaume A. , Gross Joachim , Panzeri Stefano , Schyns Philippe G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe model of the brain as an information processing machine is a profound hypothesis in which neuroscience, psychology and theory of computation are now deeply rooted. Modern neuroscience aims to model the brain as a network of densely interconnected functional nodes. However, to model the dynamic information processing mechanisms of perception and cognition, it is imperative to understand brain networks at an algorithmic level–i.e. as the information flow that network nodes code and communicate. Here, using innovative methods (Directed Feature Information), we reconstructed examples of possible algorithmic brain networks that code and communicate the specific features underlying two distinct perceptions of the same ambiguous picture. In each observer, we identified a network architecture comprising one occipito-temporal hub where the features underlying both perceptual decisions dynamically converge. Our focus on detailed information flow represents an important step towards a new brain algorithmics to model the mechanisms of perception and cognition.
Human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal cells preserve kidney function and extend lifespan in NZB/W F1 mouse model of lupus nephritis
Authors: Thiel Austin , Yavanian Gregory , Nastke Maria-Dorothea , Morales Peter , Kouris Nicholas A. , Kimbrel Erin A. , Lanza Robert 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAdult tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are showing promise in clinical trials for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the inability to manufacture large quantities of functional cells from a single donor as well as donor-dependent variability in quality limits their clinical utility. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived MSCs are an alternative to adult MSCs that can circumvent issues regarding scalability and consistent quality due to their derivation from a renewable starting material. Here, we show that hESC-MSCs prevent the progression of fatal lupus nephritis (LN) in NZB/W F1 (BWF1) mice. Treatment led to statistically significant reductions in proteinuria and serum creatinine and preserved renal architecture. Specifically, hESC-MSC treatment prevented disease-associated interstitial inflammation, protein cast deposition and infiltration of CD3+ lymphocytes in the kidneys. This therapy also led to significant reductions in serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), two inflammatory cytokines associated with SLE. Mechanistically, in vitro data support these findings, as co-culture of hESC-MSCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BWF1 lymphocytes decreased lymphocyte secretion of TNFα and IL-6 and enhanced the percentage of putative regulatory T cells. This study represents an important step in the development of a commercially scalable and efficacious cell therapy for SLE/LN.
Population genetic study of 34 X-Chromosome markers in 5 main ethnic groups of China
Authors: Zhang Suhua , Bian Yingnan , Li Li , Sun Kuan , wang Zheng , Zhao Qi , Zha Lagabaiyila , Cai Jifeng , Gao Yuzhen , Ji Chaoneng , Li Chengtao 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAs a multi-ethnic country, China has some indigenous population groups which vary in culture and social customs, perhaps as a result of geographic isolation and different traditions. However, upon close interactions and intermarriage, admixture of different gene pools among these ethnic groups may occur. In order to gain more insight on the genetic background of X-Chromosome from these ethnic groups, a set of X-markers (18 X-STRs and 16 X-Indels) was genotyped in 5 main ethnic groups of China (HAN, HUI, Uygur, Mongolian, Tibetan). Twenty-three private alleles were detected in HAN, Uygur, Tibetan and Mongolian. Significant differences (p < 0.0001) were all observed for the 3 parameters of heterozygosity (Ho, He and UHe) among the 5 ethnic groups. Highest values of Nei genetic distance were always observed at HUI-Uygur pairwise when analyzed with X-STRs or X-Indels separately and combined. Phylogenetic tree and PCA analyses revealed a clear pattern of population differentiation of HUI and Uygur. However, the HAN, Tibetan and Mongolian ethnic groups were closely clustered. Eighteen X-Indels exhibited in general congruent phylogenetic signal and similar cluster among the 5 ethnic groups compared with 16 X-STRs. Aforementioned results proved the genetic polymorphism and potential of the 34 X-markers in the 5 ethnic groups.
Single Particle Dynamic Imaging and Fe3+ Sensing with Bright Carbon Dots Derived from Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins
Authors: Yang Qingxiu , Wei Lin , Zheng Xuanfang , Xiao Lehui 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrated a convenient and green strategy for the synthesis of highly luminescent and water-soluble carbon dots (Cdots) by carbonizing carbon precursors, i.e., Bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles, in water solution. Without post surface modification, the as-synthesized Cdots exhibit fluorescence quantum yield (Q.Y.) as high as 34.8% and display superior colloidal stability not only in concentrated salt solutions (e.g. 2 M KCl) but also in a wide range of pH solutions. According to the FT-IR measurements, the Cdots contain many carboxyl groups, providing a versatile route for further chemical and biological functionalization. Through conjugation of Cdots with the transacting activator of transcription (TAT) peptide (a kind of cell penetration peptide (CPP)) derived from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it is possible to directly monitor the dynamic interactions of CPP with living cell membrane at single particle level. Furthermore, these Cdots also exhibit a dosage-dependent selectivity toward Fe3+ among other metal ions, including K+, Na+, Mg2+, Hg2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Al3+. We believed that the Cdots prepared by this strategy would display promising applications in various areas, including analytical chemistry, nanomedicine, biochemistry and so on.
Observation of uniaxial anisotropy along the [100] direction in crystalline Fe film
Authors: Bac Seul-Ki , Lee Hakjoon , Lee Sangyoep , Choi Seonghoon , Yoo Taehee , Lee Sanghoon , Liu X. , Furdyna J. K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe report an observation of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy along the [100] crystallographic direction in crystalline Fe film grown on Ge buffers deposited on a (001) GaAs substrate. As expected, planar Hall resistance (PHR) measurements reveal the presence of four in-plane magnetic easy axes, indicating the dominance of the "Equation missing" cubic anisotropy in the film. However, systematic mapping of the PHR hysteresis loops observed during magnetization reversal at different field orientations shows that the easy axes along the "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" are not equivalent. Such breaking of the cubic symmetry can only be ascribed to the presence of uniaxial anisotropy along the "Equation missing" direction of the Fe film. Analysis of the PHR data measured as a function of orientation of the applied magnetic field allowed us to quantify the magnitude of this "Equation missing" uniaxial anisotropy field as "Equation missing" Oe. Although this value is only 1.5% of cubic anisotropy field, its presence significantly changes the process of magnetization reversal, revealing the important role of the "Equation missing" uniaxial anisotropy in Fe films. Breaking of the cubic symmetry in the Fe film deposited on a Ge buffer is surprising and we discuss possible reason for this unexpected behavior.
Contribution of human and climate change impacts to changes in streamflow of Canada
Authors: Tan Xuezhi , Gan Thian Yew 
Published: December 2015

AbstractClimate change exerts great influence on streamflow by changing precipitation, temperature, snowpack and potential evapotranspiration (PET), while human activities in a watershed can directly alter the runoff production and indirectly through affecting climatic variables. However, to separate contribution of anthropogenic and natural drivers to observed changes in streamflow is non-trivial. Here we estimated the direct influence of human activities and climate change effect to changes of the mean annual streamflow (MAS) of 96 Canadian watersheds based on the elasticity of streamflow in relation to precipitation, PET and human impacts such as land use and cover change. Elasticities of streamflow for each watershed are analytically derived using the Budyko Framework. We found that climate change generally caused an increase in MAS, while human impacts generally a decrease in MAS and such impact tends to become more severe with time, even though there are exceptions. Higher proportions of human contribution, compared to that of climate change contribution, resulted in generally decreased streamflow of Canada observed in recent decades. Furthermore, if without contributions from retreating glaciers to streamflow, human impact would have resulted in a more severe decrease in Canadian streamflow.
Reduced GeO2 Nanoparticles: Electronic Structure of a Nominal GeOx Complex and Its Stability under H2 Annealing
Authors: Zhao Jia , Yang Linju , McLeod John A. , Liu Lijia 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA nominal GeOx (x ≤ 2) compound contains mixtures of Ge, Ge suboxides and GeO2, but the detailed composition and crystallinity could vary from material to material. In this study, we synthesize GeOx nanoparticles by chemical reduction of GeO2 and comparatively investigate the freshly prepared sample and the sample exposed to ambient conditions. Although both compounds are nominally GeOx, they exhibit different X-ray diffraction patterns. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) is utilized to analyse the detailed structure of GeOx. We find that the two initial GeOx compounds have entirely different compositions: the fresh GeOx contains large amorphous Ge clusters connected by GeOx, while after air exposure; the Ge clusters are replaced by a GeO2-GeOx composite. In addition, the two GeOx products undergo different structural rearrangement under H2 annealing, producing different intermediate phases before ultimately turning into metallic Ge. In the fresh GeOx, the amorphous Ge remains stable, with the GeOx being gradually reduced to Ge, leading to a final structure of crystalline Ge grains connected by GeOx. The air-exposed GeOx on the other hand, undergoes a GeO2→GeOx→Ge transition, in which H2 induces the creation of oxygen vacancies at intermediate stage. A complete removal of oxides occurs at high temperature.
Arsenic stress after the Proterozoic glaciations
Authors: Chi Fru Ernest , Arvestål Emma , Callac Nolwenn , El Albani Abderrazak , Kilias Stephanos , Argyraki Ariadne , Jakobsson Martin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractProtection against arsenic damage in organisms positioned deep in the tree of life points to early evolutionary sensitization. Here, marine sedimentary records reveal a Proterozoic arsenic concentration patterned to glacial-interglacial ages. The low glacial and high interglacial sedimentary arsenic concentrations, suggest deteriorating habitable marine conditions may have coincided with atmospheric oxygen decline after ~2.1 billion years ago. A similar intensification of near continental margin sedimentary arsenic levels after the Cryogenian glaciations is also associated with amplified continental weathering. However, interpreted atmospheric oxygen increase at this time, suggests that the marine biosphere had widely adapted to the reorganization of global marine elemental cycles by glaciations. Such a glacially induced biogeochemical bridge would have produced physiologically robust communities that enabled increased oxygenation of the ocean-atmosphere system and the radiation of the complex Ediacaran-Cambrian life.
Understanding the Unique Electronic Properties of Nano Structures Using Photoemission Theory
Authors: Kwon Soonnam , Choi Won Kook 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNewly emerging experimental techniques such as nano-ARPES are expected to provide an opportunity to measure the electronic properties of nano-materials directly. However, the interpretation of the spectra is not simple because it must consider quantum mechanical effects related to the measurement process itself. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach that can overcome this problem by using an adequate simulation to corroborate the experimental results. Ab initio calculation on arbitrarily-shaped or chemically ornamented nano-structures is elaborately correlated to photoemission theory. This correlation can be directly exploited to interpret the experimental results. To test this method, a direct comparison was made between the calculation results and experimental results on highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). As a general extension, the unique electronic structures of nano-sized graphene oxide and features from the experimental result of black phosphorous (BP) are disclosed for the first time as supportive evidence of the usefulness of this method. This work pioneers an approach to intuitive and practical understanding of the electronic properties of nano-materials.
Integrated‐optic lattice‐form tuneable chromatic dispersion compensator with increased number of operable channels
Authors: Takiguchi K. 
Published: December 2015

A lattice‐form tuneable chromatic dispersion compensator whose number of operable channels is doubled by adding an interleave filter is reported. In this scheme, interleaved signals are introduced into two different inputs of the lattice‐form compensator, and are provided with the same dispersion compensation value every half free spectral range. Thus, this configuration can activate inoperable channels that account for nearly half of the total bandwidth in existing lattice‐form compensators. The proposed compensator was fabricated by monolithically integrating all components with silica‐waveguide technology. The dispersion compensation value of −321 to 299 ps/nm was obtained over 40 GHz bandwidth with a channel period of 50 GHz.
Type I interferons mediate pancreatic toxicities of PERK inhibition
Authors: Yu Qiujing , Zhao Bin , Gui Jun , Katlinski Kanstantsin V. , Brice Angela , Gao Yan , Li ChangHong , Kushner Jake A. , Koumenis Constantinos , Diehl J. Alan , Fuchs Serge Y. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Inactivating pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) mutations cause pancreatic degeneration and diabetes in patients with Wolcott-Rallison syndrome. Pancreatic injury is also observed in mice upon PERK genetic ablation or treatment with PERK inhibitors. This toxicity (the mechanisms of which are poorly understood) impedes the clinical development of PERK inhibitors, which show promise against cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we demonstrate that activation of type 1 interferon signaling occurs upon PERK ablation and is responsible for pancreatic injury and the loss of exocrine and endocrine tissues and functions. Neutralization of interferon signaling protects the pancreas from deleterious effects of PERK inhibitors. Temporally targeting the interferon pathway may help with the treatment of patients with Wolcott-Rallison syndrome and the use of PERK inhibitors against other diseases.
Luís de Camões
Authors: Alves Hélio J.S. 
Published: December 2015

Luís de Camões (b. 1524?–d. 1579/1580) is the first great Western poet to have lived in Africa and Asia and is now widely considered to be a preeminent literary symbol of the beginnings of the globalized world. Often called the “Prince of Poets” in Renaissance Iberia, he wrote almost exclusively in Portuguese. Even though Portuguese was a language of intercontinental trade, politics, and Christian missionary activity from the 15th century, within Europe it never had a comparable impact. The first English translator of Camões, Richard Fanshawe, had to explain in 1655 that the poet shone as one of the greatest in the world, despite writing in “so uncourted a language as that of Portugal.” Ignorance about Portuguese language and culture in European circles overwhelmed curiosity and appreciation, except during times of greater colonial investment (most recently, anticolonial), given Portuguese people’s pioneering knowledge of other continents. This also explains the comparative lack of academic bibliography about Camões in English and in other widely spoken European languages. The poet became best known internationally for Os Lusíadas, an oft-translated epic understood to be about sea travel, exploration, trade, and empire. His vast and varied body of lyric poetry has received less attention outside of Portugal and Brazil, although its impact was felt on past occasions (Wordsworth’s “Scorn not the Sonnet” and the Brownings are well-known cases). The plays were never given the critical attention of the rest of his work and the small output of prose letters even less so. In all four genres, however, it has become increasingly evident that Camões should not be treated in isolation from the rest of Portuguese literary and intellectual culture, as he used to be. Gil Vicente, Bernardim Ribeiro, Sá de Miranda, João de Barros, Francisco de Holanda, Jorge Ferreira de Vasconcelos, Garcia da Orta, Fernão Mendes Pinto, Aquiles Estaço, Heitor Pinto, António Ferreira, Diogo Bernardes, and Jerónimo Corte-Real are some of the major Portuguese 16th-century authors who share, in one way or another, the same ground with Camões. A growing interest in the poet’s inclusion in the wider world of Iberian and European Renaissance literature has also been felt of late. But this has not prevented recent writing from focusing equally on the poet’s peculiar genius.
Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes of Clostridium difficile Infection in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Karanika Styliani , Paudel Suresh , Zervou Fainareti N. , Grigoras Christos , Zacharioudakis Ioannis M. , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background.  Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at higher risk for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).
Methods. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies from 1983 to 2015 using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases to study the prevalence and outcomes of CDI in this patient population. Among the 9146 articles retrieved from the studies, 22 articles, which included a total of 80 835 ICU patients, were included in our final analysis.
Results.  The prevalence of CDI among ICU patients was 2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1%–2%), and among diarrheic ICU patients the prevalence was 11% (95% CI, 6%–17%). Among CDI patients, 25% (95% CI, 5%–51%) were diagnosed with pseudomembranous colitis, and the estimated length of ICU stay before CDI acquisition was 10.74 days (95% CI, 5%–51%). The overall hospital mortality among ICU patients with CDI was 32% (95% CI, 26%–39%), compared with 24% (95% CI, 14%–36%) among those without CDI presenting a statistically significant difference in mortality risk (P = .030). It is worth noting that the length of ICU and hospital stay among CDI patients was significantly longer, compared with non-CDI patients (standardized mean of difference [SMD] = 0.49, 95% CI, .39%–.6%, P = .00 and SMD = 1.15, 95% CI, .44%–1.91%, P = .003, respectively). It is noteworthy that the morbidity score at ICU admission (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II]) was not statistically different between the 2 groups (P = .911), implying that the differences in outcomes can be attributed to CDI.
Conclusions.  The ICU setting is associated with higher prevalence of CDI. In this setting, CDI is associated with increased hospital mortality and prolonged ICU and overall hospital stay. These findings highlight the need for additional prevention and treatment studies in this setting.
Glass Tools in Archaeology
Authors: Martindale Andrew , Jurakic Irena 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Glass that appears in archaeological contexts outside of the communities of its production and shows use as toolstone for lithic-like industries can be described as remanufactured. Such artifacts are commonly associated with contact encounters, most frequently with European colonial expansion. This article reviews the literature on remanufactured glass and argues that (1) much experimental and analytical work remains to develop coherent identification criteria, especially for expedient forms, and (2) such objects challenge archaeological orthodoxies in the definition of culture and its material manifestations. We argue that objects with manufacturing histories that span cultural contexts are a highly visible illustration of the hybridity in all cultural gestures. Hybridization is not a transaction between disparate, homogenous cultural regimes, but emerges from individual quotidian acts. Culture as a result, is not an entity, but the acceptance of coherence.