bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“How much realism is needed?” — the wrong question in silico imagers have been asking
Authors: Badano Aldo 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo discuss the use of realism as a first approximation for assessing computational imaging methods.MethodsAlthough in silico methods are increasingly becoming promising surrogates to physical experimentation for various stages of device development, their acceptance remains challenging. Realism is often considered as a first approximation for assessing computational imaging methods. However, realism is subjective and does not always ensure that key features of the methodologies reflect relevant aspects of devices of interest to imaging scientists, regulators, and medical practitioners. Moreover, in some cases (e.g., in computerized image analysis applications where human interpretation is not needed) how realistic in silico images are is irrelevant and perhaps misleading.ResultsI emphasize a divergence from this methodology by providing a rationale for evaluating in silico imaging methods and tools in an objective and measurable manner.ConclusionsImproved approaches for in silico imaging will lead to the rapid advancement and acceptance of computational techniques in medical imaging primarily but not limited to the regulatory evaluation of new imaging products.
Urinary retention and catheter use among U.S. female Medicare beneficiaries: Prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Cohn Joshua A. , Ni Shenghua , Kaufman Melissa R. , Graves Amy J. , Penson David F. , Dmochowski Roger R. , Reynolds W. Stuart 
Published: March 2017

AIMSTo identify the prevalence of and risk factors for urinary retention and catheterization among female Medicare beneficiaries.METHODSWe identified women with a diagnosis of urinary retention in a 5% sample of Medicare claims in 2012. Women were categorized into three groups based on the occurrence and duration of urinary catheterization within a 1 year period: 1) no catheterization; 2) short‐term catheterization (ie, one or more catheterizations in less than 30 days); and 3) chronic catheterization (catheterizations in multiple 30 day periods within 1 year). We then identified a group of age‐matched controls without catheterization or a diagnosis of urinary retention in 2012. Clinical and demographic data were collected for each patient, and risk factors for retention and catheterization were compared across groups. We assessed factors associated with urinary retention using multivariable logistic regression.RESULTSWe estimated the rate of retention to be 1532 per 100 000 U.S. female Medicare beneficiaries in 2012, with rates of short term and chronic catheterization estimated to be 160 and 108 per 100 000 women, respectively. Prior diagnoses of neurologic condition, urinary tract infection, and pelvic organ prolapse were positively associated with retention and catheterization in multivariable analyses.CONCLUSIONSWe estimated the prevalence of urinary retention diagnoses among female Medicare beneficiaries to be 1532 per 100 000 women. Retention and catheterization were significantly associated with comorbid disease, with the strongest associations identified with a concomitant diagnosis of neurologic condition, UTI, and POP.
Household income and risk‐of‐poverty of parents of long‐term childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Mader Luzius , Roser Katharina , Baenziger Julia , Tinner Eva Maria , Scheinemann Katrin , Kuehni Claudia Elisabeth , Michel Gisela ,   for the Swiss Paediatric Oncology Group (SPOG)
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundTaking care of children diagnosed with cancer affects parents’ professional life and may place the family at risk‐of‐poverty. We aimed to (i) compare the household income and risk‐of‐poverty of parents of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) to parents of the general population, and (ii) identify sociodemographic and cancer‐related factors associated with risk‐of‐poverty.MethodsAs part of the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, we sent a questionnaire to parents of CCS aged 5–15 years, who survived ≥5 years after diagnosis. Information on parents of the general population came from the Swiss Household Panel (parents with ≥1 child aged 5–15 years). Risk‐of‐poverty was defined as having a monthly household income of <4,500 Swiss Francs (CHF) for single parents and <6,000 CHF for parent‐couples. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with risk‐of‐poverty.ResultsWe included parents of 383 CCS and 769 control parent households. Parent‐couples of CCS had a lower household income (Ptrend < 0.001) and were at higher risk‐of‐poverty (30.4% vs. 19.3%, P = 0.001) compared to control parent‐couples. Household income and risk‐of‐poverty of single parents of CCS was similar to control single parents. Parents of CCS were at higher risk‐of‐poverty if they had only standard education (ORmother = 3.77 [where OR is odds ratio], confidence interval [CI]: 1.61–8.82; ORfather = 8.59, CI: 4.16–17.72) and were from the German language region (OR = 1.99, CI: 1.13–3.50). We found no cancer‐related risk factors.ConclusionParents of long‐term CCS reported lower household income and higher risk‐of‐poverty than control parents. Support strategies may be developed to mitigate parents’ risk‐of‐poverty in the long term, particularly among parents with lower education.
Ethnic disparities relative to disease features and outcomes in children with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Gramatges M. Monica , Deshpande Aditya , Lupo Philip J. , Rau Rachel E. , Redell Michele L. , Horton Terzah M. , Scheurer Michael E. , Rabin Karen R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHispanics with acute leukemias have poorer outcomes than non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs), despite an increased likelihood of favorable prognostic features. We reviewed medical records from 167 children ages 0–18 years diagnosed with de novo AML over an 18‐year period at Texas Children's Cancer Center, among whom 129 self‐identified as Hispanic or NHW. Although Hispanics were significantly more likely to have the favorable prognostic cytogenetic feature t(8;21) (P = 0.04), the expected survival benefit was not observed. This lack of survival benefit was primarily due to significantly poorer event‐free and overall survival among Hispanics treated with upfront stem cell transplantation after achieving first clinical remission (P = 0.008).
Health‐related quality of life of children on treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A systematic review
Authors: Fardell Joanna E. , Vetsch Janine , Trahair T. , Mateos M. K. , Grootenhuis M. A. , Touyz L. M. , Marshall G. M. , Wakefield C. E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChildren with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergo intense anticancer treatment. We systematically reviewed 22 studies evaluating 2,073 ALL patients’ health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and its clinical/demographic correlates during treatment. Overall HRQL was significantly reduced on treatment. Despite HRQL improvements over time, longitudinal studies reported a proportion of children continued to experience reduced HRQL after treatment completion. We found inconsistent associations between clinical/demographic factors and HRQL outcomes. Tentative evidence emerged for worse HRQL being associated with intensive phases of chemotherapy, corticosteroid therapy, experiencing greater toxicity, older age, and female sex. Longitudinal studies are needed to identify children at‐risk of reduced HRQL.
Der Ball ist unrund
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Thaller Sigrid 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Ellipsenform eines Footballs führt zu Bewegungen, die sowohl sportlich als auch physikalisch interessant sind. Obwohl die Spieler durch ihre Ausrüstung geschützt sind, gehört Ameri can Football zu den gefährlichsten Sportarten. Physikalische Überlegungen haben mitgeholfen, eine illegale Druckmanipulation des Balls nachzuweisen.
Enhanced atrazine degradation is widespread across the United States
Authors: Mueller Thomas C , Parker Ethan T , Steckel Larry , Clay Sharon A , Owen Micheal DK , Curran William S , Currie Randall , Scott Robert , Sprague Christy , Stephenson Daniel O , Miller Donnie K , Prostko Eric P , Grichar W James , Martin James , Kruz L Jason , Bradley Kevin , Bernards Mark L , Dotray Peter , Knezevic Stevan , Davis Vince , Klein Robert 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAtrazine (ATZ) has been a key herbicide for annual weed control in corn, with both a soil and post‐emergence vegetation application period. Although enhanced ATZ degradation in soil with a history of ATZ use has been reported, the extent and rate of degradation in the US Corn Belt is uncertain. We show that enhanced ATZ degradation exists across much of the country.RESULTSSoils from 15 of 16 surveyed states had enhanced ATZ degradation. The average ATZ half‐life was only 2.3 days in ATZ history soils, compared with an average 14.5 days in soils with no previous ATZ use, meaning that ATZ degrades an average 6 times faster in soils with previous ATZ use.CONCLUSIONWhen ATZ is used for several years, enhanced degradation will undoubtedly change the way ATZ is used in agronomic crops and also its ultimate environmental fate. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Emergent Writing in Preschoolers: Preliminary Evidence for a Theoretical Framework
Authors: Puranik Cynthia S. , Lonigan Christopher J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractResearchers and educators use the term emergent literacy to refer to a broad set of skills and attitudes that serve as foundational skills for acquiring success in later reading and writing; however, models of emergent literacy have generally focused on reading and reading‐related behaviors. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to articulate and evaluate a theoretical model of the components of emergent writing. Alternative models of the structure of individual and developmental differences of emergent writing and writing‐related skills were examined in 372 preschool children who ranged in age from 3 to 5 years, using confirmatory factor analysis. Results from the analyses provide evidence that these emergent writing skills are best described by three correlated but distinct factors: (1) Conceptual Knowledge, (2) Procedural Knowledge, and (3) Generative Knowledge. Evidence that these three emergent writing factors show different patterns of relations to emergent literacy constructs is presented. Implications for understanding the development of writing and assessment of early writing skills are discussed.
Modeling the Relationship Between Prosodic Sensitivity and Early Literacy
Authors: Holliman Andrew , Critten Sarah , Lawrence Tony , Harrison Emily , Wood Clare , Hughes David 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA growing literature has demonstrated that prosodic sensitivity is related to early literacy development; however, the precise nature of this relationship remains unclear. It has been speculated in recent theoretical models that the observed relationship between prosodic sensitivity and early literacy might be partially mediated by children's vocabulary knowledge, phonological awareness, and morphological awareness, although such models have yet to be confirmed using advanced statistical techniques. The study reported here uses covariance structure modeling to provide the first direct test of the model proposed by Wood, Wade‐Woolley, and Holliman. We also test a modified version of this model that was designed to overcome some of the limitations in the original. Seventy‐five 5–7‐year‐old English‐speaking children completed a new measure of prosodic sensitivity and were also assessed for their vocabulary knowledge, phonological awareness, morphological awareness, word reading, and spelling. The results showed that Wood et al.'s model did not provide an adequate fit to our sample data; however, the new model, which permitted causal connections between the so‐called mediator variables, provided an excellent fit. We argue that prosodic sensitivity should be afforded greater importance in models of literacy development, and offer a new theoretical model of the prosody–literacy relationship for future attempts at replication.
Ambitious Teachers’ Design and Use of Classrooms as a Place of Science
Authors: STROUPE DAVID 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThis multicase study examines how three teachers enacting ambitious instruction purposefully designed and used their classroom as a “place of science” in which students participated in disciplinary practices. A place of science is a location that shapes the norms, values, and history of disciplinary practices. Each participant's classroom promoted unique forms of science, yet the participants’ enactment of ambitious instruction produced a common use of classrooms—science became a public practice in which an anchoring phenomenon was puzzled over, modeled, and explained over time. The results of this study have two implications for science educators. First, a teacher's pedagogical preparation and science background shape how they design classrooms as a place of science. Second, though each teacher enacted ambitious instruction, they used classrooms to promote different forms of science.
Shedding Light on Sustainable Development and Stakeholder Engagement: The Role of Individual Dynamic Capabilities
Authors: del Mar Alonso‐Almeida María , Buil‐Fabregà Marian , Bagur‐Femenías Llorenç , Aznar‐Alarcón Juan Pedro 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDynamic capabilities are considered relevant competencies in the fields of strategic management, as they are proposed as a framework for analysing the sources of wealth creation in rapidly changing environments. However, there are few authors who have analysed dynamic individual capability requirements for the manager of a business to ensure business sustainability. These authors define dynamic capabilities as individual competencies and skills available to the manager (sensing, seizing, transforming), which could influence strategic decisions and have the ability to adapt quickly to changing environments and affect business sustainability.The paper aims to analyse the existence of a relation between individual dynamic managerial capabilities and social and environmental commitment for business sustainability. The long‐term success of a firm clearly depends on the manager's capacity to establish an environment of cooperation and teamwork with stakeholders. This paper aims to look at the existence of a positive impact of individual dynamic capabilities on stakeholders' commitment.The results suggest that individual dynamic capabilities have a positive impact on business sustainability, the relation with social commitment being stronger than the relation with environment commitment. Stakeholders' engagement is positive influenced by the extent in which managers are socially committed. Individual dynamic managerial capabilities are a positive factor in the long‐term success of a firm. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Labelling of mental illness in a&nbsp;paediatric emergency department and its implications for stigma reduction education
Authors: Sukhera Javeed , Miller Kristina , Milne Alexandra , Scerbo Christina , Lim Rodrick , Cooper Alicia , Watling Chris 
Published: March 2017

Introduction Stigmatizing attitudes and behaviours towards patients with mental illness have negative consequences on their health. Despite research regarding educational and social contact-based interventions to reduce stigma, there are limitations to the success of these interventions for individuals with deeply held stigmatizing beliefs. Our study sought to better understand the process of implicit mental illness stigma in the setting of a paediatric emergency department to inform the design of future educational interventions.
Methods We conducted a qualitative exploration of mental illness stigma with interviews including physician, nurse, service user, caregiver and administrative staff participants (n = 24). We utilized the implicit association test as a discussion prompt to explore stigma outside of conscious awareness. We conducted our study utilizing constructivist grounded theory methodology, including purposeful theoretical sampling and constant comparative analysis.
Results Our study found that the confluence of socio-cultural, cognitive and emotional forces results in labelling of patients with mental illness as time-consuming, unpredictable and/or unfixable. These labels lead to unintentional avoidance behaviours from staff which are perceived as prejudicial and discriminatory by patients and caregivers. Participants emphasized education as the most useful intervention to reduce stigma, suggesting that educational interventions should focus on patient-provider relationships to foster humanizing labels for individuals with mental illness and by promoting provider empathy and engagement.
Discussion Our results suggest that educational interventions that target negative attributions, consider socio-cultural contexts and facilitate positive emotions in healthcare providers may be useful.
A multinational study distinguishing Alzheimer's and healthy patients using cerebrospinal fluid tau/Aβ42 cutoff with concordance to amyloid positron emission tomography imaging
Authors: Mo Yi , Stromswold Julie , Wilson Kimberly , Holder Daniel , Sur Cyrille , Laterza Omar , Savage Mary J. , Struyk Arie , Scheltens Philip , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Burke James , Macaulay S. Lance , Bråthen Geir , Sando Sigrid Botne , White Linda R. , Weiss Christy , Cowes Arturo , Bush Michele M. , DeSilva Ganga , Darby David G. , Rainey‐Smith Stephanie R. , Surls Jackie , Sagini Eileen , Tanen Michael , Altman Amy , Luthman Johan , Egan Michael F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionChanges in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and amyloid β (Aβ)42 accompany development of Alzheimer's brain pathology. Robust tau and Aβ42 immunoassays were developed to establish a tau/Aβ42 cutoff distinguishing mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects from healthy elderly control (HC) subjects.MethodsA CSF tau/Aβ42 cutoff criteria was chosen, which distinguished the groups and maximized concordance with amyloid PET. Performance was assessed using an independent validation cohort.ResultsA tau/Aβ42 = 0.215 cutoff provided 94.8% sensitivity and 77.7% specificity. Concordance with PET visual reads was estimated at 86.9% in a ∼50% PET positive population. In the validation cohort, the cutoff demonstrated 78.4% sensitivity and 84.9% specificity to distinguish the AD and HC populations.DiscussionA tau/Aβ42 cutoff with acceptable sensitivity and specificity distinguished HC from mild‐to‐moderate AD subjects and maximized concordance to brain amyloidosis. The defined cutoff demonstrated that CSF analysis may be useful as a surrogate to imaging assessment of AD pathology.
Sexual Life of Women With Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome After Laparoscopic Vecchietti Vaginoplasty
Authors: Pastor Zlatko , Froněk Jiří , Nováčková Marta , Chmel Roman 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Adequate anatomic and physiologic functions of the genitalia are fundamental prerequisites for sexual well-being and reproduction. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) compromises female sexual life and makes reproduction impossible.

Aim
To assess the psychosexual effect of vaginal reconstruction using the laparoscopic Vecchietti technique in patients with MRKHS.

Methods
Forty-two patients with MRKHS who underwent laparoscopic Vecchietti vaginoplasty were included. Their partners also were interviewed. A control group of 45 age-matched, childless, sexually active women were examined during the same period.

Main Outcome Measures
A gynecologic examination was performed to determine the anatomic outcome. Psychosexual function was evaluated with the Female Sexual Distress Scale–Revised (FSDS-R), the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and a semistructured interview. Genital self-image was evaluated using the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS).

Results
Average neovagina length (7.0 ± 9.6 cm) in the MRKHS group was significantly shorter than the vaginal length in the control group (9.3 ± 2.5 cm). Women with a neovagina reported satisfactory sexual function (FSFI score = 29 ± 2.7) that was not significantly different from the control group (P &lt; .05); however, they also had significantly higher levels of distress (FSDS-R score = 14.5 ± 6.5) and were not satisfied with their genitals (FGSIS score = 22.0 ± 2.4) compared with the control group.

Conclusion
Sexual function in women with MRKHS can be restored successfully by vaginoplasty; however, they have higher rates of distress and are less satisfied with their genitals.
Insulin deficiency: A possible link between obesity and cognitive function
Authors: Nameni Ghazaleh , Farhangi Mahdieh Abbasalizad , Hajiluian Ghazaleh , Shahabi Parviz , Abbasi Mehran Mesgari 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies proposed a linear connection between developing dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and obesity. Adiposity, insulin resistance and dementia indicated probable mechanistic links in this process. Indeed, it has been known that optimum insulin action in the brain plays critical role in cognitive function; whereas, insulin resistance in obese individuals finally leads to insulin deficiency in central nervous system (CNS) and down regulation of the efficiency of insulin uptake from periphery into CSF. In the current study, we aimed to assess correlation between increased body weight and insulin resistance with CSF to serum ratio of insulin and to evaluate the correlation between CSF to serum ratio of insulin with cognitive function in high fat diet induced obese rats.Methods and materialTwelve male Wister rats were randomly divided into two groups receiving Diet 1 (D1, 10% fat) and Diet 2 (D2, 59% fat) for 16 weeks. Weight was recorded weekly to assure body weight gain. Morris Water Maze (MWM) task was designed to assess spatial learning memory function. Finally, blood samples were collected for determining fasting serum glucose using enzymatic spectrophotometric method, insulin levels by ELISA kit and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) were calculated. Fasting Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) insulin was also measured by ELISA kit.ResultD1 and D 2 groups both experienced weight gain but weight gain in D2 group were significantly higher. A significant correlation between CSF to serum ratio of insulin with weight (r = 0.882, p = 0.001) and HOMA‐IR index (r = 0.798, p = 0.002) was reported. Moreover, the present study indicated significant correlations between CSF to serum ratio of insulin and escape latency time in first (r = 0.631, p = 0.028), second (r = 0.716, p = 0.009) and third (r = 0.609, p = 0.036) day of MWM test and probe time of MWM test (r = 0.762, p = 0.004).ConclusionIncreased body weight induced by high fat diet and insulin resistance in rats led to down regulation of CSF to serum ratio of insulin in the current research. Brain insulin deficiency may be responsible for possible decline of cognitive function in obesity. More researches are needed to better clarify the underlying mechanisms and also to confirm the similar findings in human studies.