bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double Key Pair and Hidden Modulus RSA Cryptosystem
Authors: Awulachew Getaneh , Asferaw Samuel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Data security is that the primary concern of every individual and organization. To assure the security of data, cryptography is the prime mechanism. RSA is most widely accepted as a reliable asymmetric key cryptography. Since, its reliability depends on the hardness of factoring large common modulus which is accessible for the public, this accessibility of the common modulus could exposed RSA to various cryptanalysis attacks: Shor’s quantum polynomial-time algorithm, D-Wave quantum computer attacks, double encryption attack, and low private exponent attack. To address this weaknesses, this paper proposes an asymmetric key cryptosystem named as Double Key Pair and Hidden Modulus RSA (DKPHM-RSA) which introduces additional key pair, and the public mask modulus which is a pseudo random masking number derived from real modulus. Replacing the second real modulus, this derived public mask modulus is introduced in a second public key component; as a result, a second real modulus kept hidden from the public unlike the case in RSA. To improve data security, additional public key exponent along with public mask modulus are used for second encryption while additional private key with additional real modulus is used for the first decryption process. For performance analysis Net bean IDE 8.2 is used, and the proposed DKPHM-RSA algorithm is compared with state-of-the-art algorithms: RSA, ESRKGS, HRM-RSA, and MRSA based on key generation speed, encryption speed, decryption speed, time complexity, resistance to attacks, and avalanche effect. The performance analysis shows that DKPHM-RSA is less complex and highly secured than state-of-the-art algorithms. It improves key generation speed of ESRKGS, and MRSA by 298%, 31%; encryption time of RSA, ESRKGS, MRSA, HRM-RSA by 34%, 263%, 1331%, 33%; decryption speed of ESRKGS, MRSA by 51%, 404%, respectively.
Harmonizing Material Quantity and Terahertz Wave Interference Shielding Efficiency with Metallic Borophene Nanosheets
Authors: Chen Huanjun , Lin Haojian , Wang Ximiao , Cao Zhaolong , Zhu Hongjia , Wu Jiahao , Zhan Runze , Xu Ningsheng , Deng Shao-Zhi , Liu Fei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Materials with electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding in the terahertz (THz) regime, while minimizing the quantity used, are highly demanded for future information communication, healthcare and mineral resource exploration applications. Currently, there is often a trade-off between the amount of material used and the absolute EMI shielding effectiveness (EESt) for the EMI shielding materials. Here, we address this trade-off by harnessing the unique properties of two-dimensional (2D) β12-borophene (β12-Br) nanosheets. Leveraging β12-Br’s light weight and exceptional electron mobility characteristics, which represent among the highest reported values to date, we simultaneously achieve a THz EMI shield effectiveness (SE) of 70 dB and an EESt of 4.8 × 105 dB·cm2/g (@0.87 THz) using a β12-Br polymer composite. This surpasses the values of previously reported THz shielding materials with an EESt less than 3 × 105 dB·cm2/g and a SE smaller than 60 dB, while only needs 0.1 wt.% of these materials to realize the same SE value. Furthermore, by capitalizing on the composite’s superior mechanical properties, with 158% tensile strain at a Young’s modulus of 33 MPa, we demonstrate the high-efficiency shielding performances of conformably coated surfaces based on β12-Br nanosheets, suggesting their great potential in EMI shielding area.
Role of Behavioral Intention in Implementation of Green Information Systems among Malaysians
Authors: Gopinathan Sharmini , Veeraya Segaran , Raman Murali , Jambulingam Manimekalai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Significant advancements in Information Technology (IT) have improved work processes, efficiency, and business operations, but these advancements bring environmental sustainability issues. IT's role in climate change, resource management, waste production, and public health is critical yet often overlooked. Excessive energy use in IT operations contributes to negative environmental impacts. This research focuses on analyzing the behavioral determinants influencing information and communication technology (ICT) employees' participation in Green Information System (Green IS) practices in Malaysia. Additionally, it seeks to ascertain whether Malaysian ICT employees have a clear intention of incorporating Green IS in a bid to combat the aforementioned issues and guarantee the viability of a sustainable green environment. The study surveyed over 500 ICT employees from various Malaysian companies, with 183 responses analysed. Using PLS, the research examined four Technology Readiness Index (TRI) constructs—Optimism, Innovativeness, Insecurity, and Discomfort. Results indicated that Optimism and Innovativeness positively affected attitudes towards Green IS, while Insecurity had a negative impact. Discomfort showed no notable results. The findings revealed that subjective norms significantly influence Malaysian ICT employees more than perceived behavioral control. Attitude was a full mediator between TRI components and the willingness to implement Green IS. The study provides new insights into the TRI’s application in Green IS and highlights attitude's mediating role. Ultimately, the research suggests that attitude indirectly influences the genuine intention to adopt Green IS among Malaysian ICT employees. These findings are expected to promote the broader adoption of green technologies and raise public awareness about environmental sustainability.
Long non-coding RNA HOXC-AS1 promotes the malignancy by sponging miR-195-5p with ANLN in esophageal cancer
Authors: Kuang Feng , Guo Hongwei , Chen Qu , Lai Yiquan , Jing Ran , Huang Lei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Long non-coding RNA HOXC cluster antisense RNA 1 (HOXC-AS1) has been found to be upregulated in gastric and prostate cancer, but its role in esophageal cancer (EC) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the expression and biological functions of HOXC-AS1 in EC. HOXC-AS1 expression was measured using qRT-PCR in EC cell lines. The effects of HOXC-AS1 on EC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, were assessed using MTT, EdU, transwell, wound healing assays, and animal models. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed to explore the mechanism of action of HOXC-AS1 in EC. HOXC-AS1 was found to be upregulated in EC tissues according to TCGA database analysis. It exhibited abundant expression in EC cell lines. Suppression of HOXC-AS1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of EC cells in vitro, as well as constrained tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, HOXC-AS1 functioned as a sponge for miR-195-5p, and the anillin actin-binding protein (ANLN) was identified as a direct target of miR-195-5p. Inhibition of miR-195-5p or upregulation of ANLN reversed the repressive effects of HOXC-AS1 knockdown on malignant behaviors of EC cells. This study reveals that HOXC-AS1 promotes the progression of EC through modulation of the miR-195-5p/ANLN axis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for EC treatment.
Privacy-by-design generation of two virtual clinical trials in multiple sclerosis and their release as open datasets
Authors: Demuth Stanislas , Rousseau Olivia , Faddeenkov Igor , Paris Julien , Sèze Jérôme , Baciotti Béatrice , Payet Marianne , Guillaudeux Morgan , Barreteau Alban-Félix , Laplaud David , Edan Gilles , Gourraud Pierre-Antoine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Sharing information provided by individual patient data is restricted by regulatory frameworks due to privacy concerns. Generative artificial intelligence could generate shareable virtual patient populations, as proxies of sensitive reference datasets. Explicit demonstration of privacy is demanded. Here, we determined whether a privacy-by-design technique called “avatars” can generate synthetic randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We generated 2160 synthetic datasets from two RCTs in multiple sclerosis (NCT00213135 and NCT00906399) with different configurations to select one synthetic dataset with optimal privacy and utility for each. Several privacy metrics were computed, including protection against distance-based membership inference attacks. We assessed utility by comparing variable distributions and checking that all of the endpoints reported in the publications had the same effect directions, were within the reported 95% confidence intervals, and had the same statistical significance. Protection against membership inference attacks was the hardest privacy metric to optimize, but the technique yielded robust privacy and replication of the primary endpoints. With optimized generation configurations, we could select one dataset from each RCT replicating all efficacy endpoints of the placebo and commercial treatment arms with a satisfying privacy. To show the potential to unlock health data sharing, we released both placebo arms as open datasets.
Heat stress: an underestimated impact of climate change on vegetation
Authors: Viovy Nicolas , Ciais Philippe , Bastos Ana , Maignan Fabienne , Bacour Cedric , Peaucelle Marc 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Heat stress occurs when plants experience temperature beyond their normal optimum and can disrupt cell functioning and growth. Exposure to extreme heat results in reduced plant productivity and can have lagged effects through accelerated leaf senescence Teskey et al (2014) Rao et al
(2023). Few studies exist on evaluation of impact of heat stress at the global scale. It not fully understood, and is thereby only partially represented in land surface models. Detecting the impact of heat stress from space-borne observations is challenging, since it co-occurs with other
stressors, such as low water availability. In this paper, we define a method that allows to detect the long term impact of heat stress at the global scale from remote sensing data by disentangling the heat stress effect on vegetation from other covariates, particularly drought. We show that,
when maximum surface temperature exceeds a threshold of around 43°C, heat stress is detected on satellite estimates of Leaf Area Index (LAI). Locally, we observe a different critical temperature at which Leaf damage occurs suggesting an acclimation of plants to heat stress. Based on the observed impact of heat stress on leaf foliage, by implementing this relationship in the ORCHIDEE land surface model, we simulated a limited impact of leaf heat damages on net primary productivity (NPP) until the beginning of the 21st century followed by a rapid increase in
the last two decades (2000-2020). Simulations for future climate suggest that, if the heat effect on NPP at the global scale is limited (below 2% for RCP 8.5), regionally the impact can be high with up to 25% of reduction of the annual NPP for instance in China and western US.
This study emphasizes that we should, in the future, pay more attention to the direct impact of heat stress on leaves and not only to the effect of drought on the negative impact of climate change on vegetation.
Contraction of the world’s storm-cloud zones the primary contributor to the 21st century increase in the Earth’s sunlight absorption
Authors: Tselioudis George , Remillard Jasmine , Jakob Christian , Rossow William 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Observations of the Earth’s energy budget from the CERES instrument have shown that since the beginning of the 21st century the amount of sunlight absorbed by the Earth has been increasing at a rate of about 0.45 W/m2 per decade, caused primarily by a decrease in sunlight reflection by clouds. This increase is a main component of the increase in the Earth’s Energy Imbalance by about 0.5 W/m2 between the first and second decades of the century. We analyze the CERES radiative budget trends of the past 23 years, with the objective to separate the contribution to those trends of changes in the large-scale atmospheric circulation and in local-scale cloud controlling processes. Regimes of large cloud cover and strong cloud radiative cooling are defined in the low latitude and the high latitude zones, representing the tropical rainy zone and the midlatitude storm zones respectively, and the trends in the areal coverage of those regimes over the past 23 years are examined along with the trends in the cloud solar radiative effect within each regime. This allows the decomposition of the global solar cloud radiative trends into circulation induced changes and those induced by local-scale processes. The results show that the circulation component of the cloud radiative changes, which manifests itself as a contraction of the midlatitude storm zones and the tropical rainy zone, is the dominant term in the solar reflection trend causing decreased sunlight reflection of 0.37 W/m2 per decade. The discovery of this component provides a crucial missing piece in the puzzle of the 21st century increase of the Earth’s Energy Imbalance and points to the large effect that even small atmospheric circulation changes have on the Earth’s warming climate.
Mapping the Landscape of Esophageal Cancer Research Collaboration: Insights from a Network Analysis of 49,062 Publications
Authors: Ogasawara Naruaki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim: To map the collaborative landscape of esophageal cancer research by analyzing co-authorship networks from 2000 to 2023, based on data from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, and to identify key contributors and the structural characteristics of these networks.
Method: This study utilized network analysis techniques to evaluate 49,062 publications related to esophageal cancer indexed in the WoS Core Collection between 2000 and 2023. The analysis was conducted using Python (Version 3.10.5) in the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3). The co-authorship networks were assessed using macro-level indicators such as network density (the ratio of actual to possible connections), clustering coefficient (degree of node clustering), number of components (distinct connected subgroups), and average path length (average distance between nodes). Micro-level indicators including degree centrality (importance based on the number of connections), closeness centrality (proximity to other nodes), and betweenness centrality (frequency of a node on the shortest paths between others) were also analyzed.
Result: The network analysis revealed a sparse collaboration landscape with significant fragmentation across the study periods. The network density remained low throughout the years, reflecting limited collaborations relative to the potential. High clustering coefficients suggested that when collaborations occurred, they often formed tight-knit groups. The number of components increased over time, indicating growing fragmentation within the research community. Key contributors identified through degree and closeness centralities included prominent researchers with extensive networks, while those with high betweenness centrality played pivotal roles in connecting disparate research clusters. The evolving patterns demonstrated changes in collaborative behavior and the emergence of new influential figures.
Conclusion: This study highlights the complex and fragmented nature of esophageal cancer research collaboration from 2000 to 2023. While clusters of active collaboration exist, the overall network shows limited integration, suggesting opportunities for enhancing global cooperation. Identifying key researchers and understanding the structure of these networks can guide future collaborative efforts, potentially accelerating advancements in esophageal cancer research.
Machine Learning Microplastic Characterisation Surpasses Human Performance and Uncovers Labelling Errors in Public FTIR Data
Authors: Fong Wye-Khay , Herb Frithjof , Boley Mario 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Microplastics are ubiquitous and appear to be harmful, however, the full extent
to which these inflict harm has not been fully elucidated. Analysing environmental
sample data is challenging, as the complexity in data makes both automated
and manual analysis either unreliable or time-consuming. To address challenges
in data analysis, we explored the use of a dense feed-forward neural network on
a diverse dataset of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic data. The model
makes predictions that are probabilistic multi-category vectors, emulating onehot
encodings for each of the classes, thereby indicating the probability of a given
sample belonging to a known class. Our results indicate that this model outperforms
human classification performance for environmental microplastic FTIR
data. This is assumed as the model broadly reproduces human decisions, while
also revealing systematic errors in human interpretations. These uncovered errors
indicate that for a model making informed and reliable decisions, there exists an
artificial limit to the realistically achievable performance in metrics, where metrics
measure agreement between human and model predictions. This work indicates
an enormous potential for a small and highly efficient dense feed-forward neural
networks in making reliable and fast analysis of large volumes of complex FTIR
data accessible.
Estimating the transfer factor of natural radionuclides from soil to food chain pathways at a farmland in the southwestern Nigeria
Authors: O. Oladapo O. , K. Lawal M. , O. Ajiboye , A. Aremu A. , A. Oni E. , S. Ayanlola P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The transfer factors of naturally existing radionuclides (NRs) from soil to food chain pathways on a farmland in southwestern Nigeria were estimated by measuring the activity concentrations of NRs in 20 soil samples taken from the study site using sodium iodide NaI(Ti) spectrometer detector. According to the results, the mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K were 12.53 ± 4.66 Bq/kg, 20.76 ± 7.51 Bq/kg, and 310.79 ± 85.91Bq/kg, respectively. These results fell below the recommended upper limit of NRs in soil. The calculated outdoor absorbed dose rate (DR), radium equivalent activity (Re) and gamma representative index (\(\:{\text{I}}_{{\gamma\:}}\)) were 32.02nGyh− 1, 66.15 Bq/kg and 0.5 Bq/kg respectively. The DR, Re and Iγ were within the recommended range. The activity concentrations of 238U and 232Th in the vegetation and in the meat and milk produced by grazing animals on the farm were estimated. 238U and 232Th were estimated to be present in vegetation at concentrations of 0.2572 and 1.9049 (Bq/kg), respectively; in cow milk produced from cow grazing at the research site, the concentrations were 2.408 and 1.714 (Bq/L) and; in cow meat, they were 0.802 and 0.175 (Bq/kg). These values are considerably safe and may not pose significant health concerns when food processed at the study site is consumed. The calculated transfer factors from soil into vegetation for 238U and 232Th were 0.02 and 0.0903 respectively while those from soil into cow milk were 1.902e− 4 and 8.256e− 6, respectively; those from soil into cow meat were 6.4e− 5 and 8.43e− 7 respectively.
Implementing a Pass-Through Mechanism to Mitigate Ransomware-Induced Encryption on NTFS
Authors: Lerivi Vincenzo , Vasquez Eduardo , Hoffmann Lucas , Caruso Alessandro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Ransomware attacks have increasingly exploited the NT File System (NTFS) to encrypt critical data, leading to significant disruptions and financial losses across various sectors. The introduction of a pass-through mechanism offers a novel and effective approach to mitigating such threats through directly interfacing with NTFS to monitor and intercept unauthorized encryption attempts in real time. The proposed mechanism was evaluated in a controlled environment, demonstrating a high detection rate against various ransomware strains and minimal impact on system performance. Its capability to distinguish between legitimate and malicious encryption activities, combined with swift file recovery functionality, reinforced its potential as a robust solution for NTFS security. Despite some challenges related to false positives and system overhead, the mechanism's integration within NTFS showcases a promising advancement in enhancing file system resilience against ransomware. Future work may focus on adaptive learning algorithms to further improve detection accuracy and extending support to other file systems, broadening the scope of its application in cybersecurity.
The “breathing” Earth (la terra che respira) at Solfatara-Pisciarelli (Campi Flegrei, southern Italy) during 2005-2024: Nature’s way of attenuating the effects of bradyseism through gradual and episodic release of subsurface pressure.
Authors: Lima A. , Bodnar R.J. , De Vivo B. , Spera F.J. , Belkin H.E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Campi Flegrei (CF) is a large volcanic complex west of Naples, in a densely populated region at high volcanic risk due to recurrent ground uplift and subsidence (bradyseism) that has been ongoing since at least Greek-Roman times. We compare the current period of unrest beginning in 2005 with that of the bradyseism crisis of 1982-84. Despite the similarity in the quasi-radially symmetric pattern of ground deformation suggesting a similar source location and overpressure, the current uplift rate is about 8 times lower, and the seismic release energy is an order of magnitude lower than in 1982-84, and mainly located in isolated regions below the Solfatara-Pisciarelli area. We interpret the recent earthquake swarms at Solfatara-Pisciarelli as a reflection of the activation of a fault system that was inactive during previous bradyseism crises. Furthermore, the increase of Solfatara-Pisciarelli fumarole mass flux is the manifestation of fluid discharge that significantly reduces the uplift rate of the ongoing bradyseism event. As a result, the effects of bradyseism in the CF system have self-attenuated through increased fluid expulsion (“breathing or exhalation”) from the deep lithostatically-pressured reservoir. Having gained a clear understanding of the causes of bradyseism at CF, we suggest that modern geoengineering approaches developed to exploit high-temperature geothermal reservoirs may be employed to manage fluid flow and reduce the pressure exerted by geothermal fluids in the Solfatara-Pisciarelli area with the aim of minimizing the risk of phreatic eruptions and, concomitantly, reducing uplift and seismicity. This approach requires concerted and cooperative efforts between geoscientists, engineers, government officials, and the general public.