bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unerforschte Heilsversprechen
Authors: Heuer Claudia 
Published: March 2016

Noch ist keine einzige deutsche Protonenklinik im Realbetrieb und doch sprießen im ganzen Land Projekte dieser Art aus dem Boden. Die Baukosten belaufen sich
auf dreistellige Millionenbeträge, evaluierte Studien gibt es nicht, der GBA klagt
bezüglich verschiedener Tumorarten gegen das Ministerium und Krebsforscher
bedauern die fehlgeleiteten Gelder. Ein weites Feld.
Numerical and experimental investigation of thickness effect on residual stress measurement
Authors: Zhang K. , Zhou Y. , Zhao S. , Chen J. 
Published: March 2016

This article studies the effect of thickness on residual stress measurements both numerically and experimentally. First, the released strain of aluminium specimens with different thicknesses subjected to incremental hole drilling is analysed using an efficient finite element model. From these results, the cumulative calibration coefficients and their variations as a function of plate thickness are determined. Then, the residual stress profile of a 1-mm-thick aluminium plate subjected to incremental hole drilling is investigated by in-plane three-directional moiré interferometry. A comparative study between the principle stress data calculated using the special calibration coefficients that match the thickness and the general ASTM calibration coefficients that are designed for thick plates is carried out. The analysis results demonstrate that the thickness significantly influenced the release strain. Moreover, the mismatch between the calibration coefficients and the thicknesses results in a deviation in the stress data of more than 10%, and the deviation increases with decreasing thickness. This paper is part of a Themed Issue on Measurement, modelling and mitigation of residual stress.
Orally administered hyaluronan affects skin dryness and epidermal thickening in photoaged hairless mice
Authors: Kawada Chinatsu , Kimura Mamoru , Masuda Yasunobu , Nomura Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The oral administration of hyaluronans (HAs) (molecular weight, 300k and less than 10k) to photoaged hairless mice increased the moisture content of the stratum corneum and decreased the epidermal thickness, respectively. Furthermore, orally administered HAs suppressed the low-molecular weight of HA content of the skin. This study indicates oral administered HAs may ameliorate the skin condition resulting from photoaging.
Involvement of an SRF-MADS protein McmA in regulation of extracellular enzyme production and asexual/sexual development in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Li Nuo , Kunitake Emi , Endo Yoshikazu , Aoyama Miki , Kanamaru Kyoko , Kimura Makoto , Kato Masashi , Kobayashi Tetsuo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
SRF-MADS proteins are transcription factors conserved among eukaryotes that regulate a variety of cellular functions; however, their physiological roles are still not well understood in filamentous fungi. Effects of a mutation in mcmA gene that encodes the sole SRF-MADS protein in the fungus Aspergillus nidulans were examined by RNA sequencing. Sequencing data revealed that expression levels of cellulase genes were significantly decreased by the mutation as reported previously. However, expression levels of various hemicellulolytic enzyme genes, several extracellular protease genes, the nosA and rosA genes involved in sexual development, and AN4394 encoding an ortholog of EcdR involved in Aspergillus oryzae conidiation, were also significantly decreased by the mutation. As expected from the RNA sequencing data, the mcmA mutant had reduced protease production, cleistothecial development, and conidiation. This is the first report describing the involvement of SRF-MADS proteins in protease production in fungi, and asexual and sexual development in Aspergillus.
tRNA-targeting ribonucleases: molecular mechanisms and insights into their physiological roles
Authors: Ogawa Tetsuhiro 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Most bacteria produce antibacterial proteins known as bacteriocins, which aid bacterial defence systems to provide a physiological advantage. To date, many kinds of bacteriocins have been characterized. Colicin has long been known as a plasmidborne bacteriocin that kills other Escherichia coli cells lacking the same plasmid. To defeat other cells, colicins exert specific activities such as ion-channel, DNase, and RNase activity. Colicin E5 and colicin D impair protein synthesis in sensitive E. coli cells; however, their physiological targets have not long been identified. This review describes our finding that colicins E5 and D are novel RNases targeting specific E. coli tRNAs and elucidates their enzymatic properties based on biochemical analyses and X-ray crystal structures. Moreover, tRNA cleavage mediates bacteriostasis, which depends on trans-translation. Based on these results and others, cell growth regulation depending on tRNA cleavage is also discussed.
Protein extracts from cultured cells contain nonspecific serum albumin
Authors: Miyara Masatsugu , Umeda Kanae , Ishida Keishi , Sanoh Seigo , Kotake Yaichiro , Ohta Shigeru 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSerum is an important component of cell culture media. The present study demonstrates contamination of intracellular protein extract by bovine serum albumin from the culture media and illustrates how this contamination can cause the misinterpretation of western blot results. Preliminary experiments can prevent the misinterpretation of some experimental results, and optimization of the washing process may enable specific protein detection.
Purification and characterization of 2S albumin from Nelumbo nucifera
Authors: Khan Sanaullah , Ali Syed Abid , Yasmin Tayyaba , Ahmed Mushtaq , Khan Hidayatullah 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The 2S albumins are a group of seed storage proteins that have recently attracted considerable attention in the field of allergen science due to their allergenic potential. A new 2S albumin from seeds of Nelumbo nucifera (Nn-2S alb) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by the combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography. The protein has a molecular mass of about 12 kDa estimated by SDS–PAGE, in good agreement with 12.5 ± 0.01 kDa determined by ESI–MS. Circular dichroism data showed that protein contained about 66% α-helices as estimated by K2D3, indicating that the protein was predominantly helical. The sedimentation coefficient (s°20,w) of the predicted model was 1.72 ± 0.21 S. The predicted 3-dimensional structure of the Nn-2S alb revealed that the protein has a region of 12 amino acids which largely corresponds to the conserved immuno-dominant epitope of 2S allergens.
Thiamine synthesis regulates the fermentation mechanisms in the fungus Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Shimizu Motoyuki , Masuo Shunsuke , Itoh Eriko , Zhou Shengmin , Kato Masashi , Takaya Naoki 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is a critical cofactor and its biosynthesis is under the control of TPP availability. Here we disrupted a predicted thiA gene of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans and demonstrated that it is essential for synthesizing cellular thiamine. The thiamine riboswitch is a post-transcriptional mechanism for TPP to repress gene expression and it is located on A. nidulans thiA pre-messenger RNA. The thiA riboswitch was not fully derepressed under thiamine-limited conditions, and fully derepressed under environmental stressors. Upon exposure to hypoxic stress, the fungus accumulated more ThiA and NmtA proteins, and more thiamine than under aerobic conditions. The thiA gene was required for the fungus to upregulate hypoxic branched-chain amino acids and ethanol fermentation that involve enzymes containing TPP. These findings indicate that hypoxia modulates thiA expression through the thiamine riboswitch, and alters cellular fermentation mechanisms by regulating the activity of the TPP enzymes.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Single‐Dose Riociguat in Patients with Renal or Hepatic Impairment
Authors: Saleh Soundos , Becker Corina , Frey Reiner , Mück Wolfgang 
Published: March 2016

This population pharmacokinetics (PK) analysis characterized the PK of the oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat in patients with renal or hepatic impairment and determined whether smoking affects riociguat dosing. Two phase 1 studies were performed in patients with renal impairment (n = 72, of whom 11 were smokers), and two were performed in those with hepatic impairment (n = 64, of whom 12 were smokers). Plasma and urine samples were collected after a single oral dose of riociguat 1.0 or 0.5 mg. Nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling was used to develop a combined, two‐compartment population PK model for riociguat and its main metabolite, M1. Riociguat and M1 clearance was split into renal and nonrenal parts; the nonrenal part for riociguat was divided into metabolism to M1 and a metabolic (nonrenal) part. Total clearance of riociguat was 1.912 L/h. The main route of riociguat clearance is metabolism to M1 (1.2 L/h). In this model, hepatic function biomarkers or Child‐Pugh classification had no significant effect on riociguat or M1 clearance. Nonrenal (nonmetabolism) riociguat clearance was similar in all groups. Renal clearance (0.242 L/h) contributed less to riociguat total clearance, mainly determined by glomerular filtration (0.174 L/h). Renal impairment reduced riociguat and M1 clearance. Hepatic or renal impairment had limited effects on total exposure to riociguat. However, individual dose adjustment of riociguat should be administered with particular care in patients with moderate hepatic or renal impairment. Riociguat is not recommended in severe hepatic or renal impairment. Smoking reduced riociguat exposure by significantly increasing metabolism to M1.
Electrical properties of varistors based on tin oxide
Authors: Mielcarek W , Prociów K , Warycha J 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Tin oxide varistors may be an alternative for zinc based ones. The comparative analysis of both materials showed that, after adding suitable dopants, SnO2 has similar semiconducting properties as ZnO. SnO2 varistors were made in two versions: low- and high- added. The distinction lied in the added barium-bismuth compound in an amount of 0.3% and 0.8% respectively. Other metal oxides commonly used in varistors were added as well. Varistors were created using conventional ceramic technology applying sintering temperature 1250 oC.
Psychosocial Factors Are Associated With Blood Pressure Progression Among
African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Ford Cassandra D. , Sims Mario , Higginbotham John C. , Crowther Martha R. , Wyatt Sharon B. , Musani Solomon K. , Payne Thomas J. , Fox Ervin R. , Parton Jason M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Research that examines the associations of psychosocial factors with incident hypertension among African Americans (AA) is limited. Using Jackson Heart Study (JHS) data, we examined associations of negative affect and stress with incident hypertension and blood pressure (BP) progression among AA.

METHODS
Our sample consisted of 1,656 normotensive participants at baseline (2000–2004) (mean age 47±12; 61% women). We investigated associations of negative affect (cynical distrust, anger-in, anger-out, and depressive symptoms) and stress (perceived stress, weekly stress inventory (WSI)-event, WSI-impact, and major life events) with BP progression (an increase by one BP stage as defined by JNC VII) and incident hypertension by examination 2 (2005–2008). Poisson regression analysis was utilized to examine the prevalence ratios (PRs; 95% confidence interval (CI)) of BP tracking and incident hypertension with psychosocial factors, adjusting for baseline age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), and hypertension risk factors.

RESULTS
Fifty-six percentage of the sample (922 cases) had BP progression from 2005 to 2008. After adjustment for age, sex, and SES, a high anger-out score was associated with a 20% increased risk of BP progression compared to a low anger-out score (PR 1.20; 95% CI 1.05–1.36). High depressive symptoms score was associated with BP progression in the age, sex, and SES-adjusted model (PR 1.14; 95% CI 1.00–1.30). High WSI-event scores were associated with BP progression in the fully adjusted model (PR 1.21; 95% CI 1.04–1.40). We did not observe significant associations with any of the psychosocial measures and incident hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS
Psychosocial factors were associated with BP progression, with the strongest evidence for number of stressful events that occurred.
chromPlot: visualization of genomic data in chromosomal context
Authors: Oróstica Karen Y. , Verdugo Ricardo A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Summary: Visualizing genomic data in chromosomal context can help detecting errors in data processing and may suggest new hypotheses to be tested. Here, we report a new tool for displaying large and diverse genomic data along chromosomes. The software is implemented in R so that visualization can be easily integrated with its numerous packages for processing genomic data. It supports simultaneous visualization of multiple tracks of data. Large genomic regions such as QTLs or synteny tracts may be shown along histograms of number of genes, genetic variants, or any other type of genomic element. Tracks can also contain values for continuous or categorical variables and the user can choose among points, connected lines, colored segments, or histograms for representing data. chromPlot takes data from tables in data.frame in GRanges formats. The information necessary to draw chromosomes for mouse and human is included with the package. For other organisms, chromPlot can read Gap and cytoBandIdeo tables from the UCSC Genome Browser. We present common use cases here, and a full tutorial is included as the package’s vignette.
Availability and Implementation: chromPlot is distributed under a GLP2 licence at http://www.bioconductor.org.
Contact: raverdugo@u.uchile.cl
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Election Forecasting
Authors: Lewis-Beck Michael S. , Tien Charles 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This article offers a new way to evaluate the pros and cons of predicting US presidential elections: the long view versus the short view. Election forecasters who take the long view stress electoral theory and lead time, examining model performance over several contests. For this view, an overarching goal remains knowledge of how the electoral process works. In contrast, forecasters who take the short view stress accuracy exclusively. Forecasts are made repeatedly, especially near the election. The short view depends increasingly on polls until nothing else matters. The short view also risks setting back the study of elections, for example, fostering the idea of an unstable, even volatile electorate, even though American voters have shown great stability. Finally, the short view forgets the lesson that most variation in national election outcomes can be predicted, even explained, by established rules of political behavior.
Sentencing Policies and Practices in Wisconsin
Authors: O'Hear Michael M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This essay provides an overview of sentencing policies and practices in the state of Wisconsin and considers their impact on the state’s imprisonment rate. Current policies and practices are placed in historical context. Since 1980, state policy has increasingly emphasized the role of the local sentencing judge in determining punishment. Most importantly, a 1998 law ended discretionary parole, which had served as a check on the increasing severity of judge-imposed sentences. Although the state’s prison population remains near its record high of the mid-2000s, there seems little interest in adopting new restrictions on judicial sentencing discretion or otherwise restructuring the sentencing and corrections system in a fundamental way. The essay concludes by describing some more modest reforms that seem politically viable in the near term.
Effects of Acupuncture in Anesthesia for Craniotomy: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Asmussen Sven , Maybauer Dirk M. , Chen Jiande D. , Fraser John F. , Toon Michael H. , Przkora Rene , Jennings Kristofer , Maybauer Marc O. 
Published: March 2016

Background:
Acupuncture treatment has been used in China for >2500 years, and at present it is used worldwide as a form of analgesia in patients with acute and chronic pain. Furthermore, acupuncture is regularly used not only as a single anesthetic technique but also as a supplement or in addition to general anesthesia (GA).

Objectives:
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the level of evidence for the clinical use of acupuncture in addition to GA in patients undergoing craniotomy.

Design:
This is a systematic review of randomized controlled trials with meta-analyses.

Data Sources:
The literature search (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) yielded 56 citations, published between 1972 and March 01, 2015. No systematic review or meta-analyses on this topic matched our search criteria. Each article of any language was assessed and rated for the methodological quality of the studies, using the recommendation of the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. Ten prospective randomized controlled clinical trials with a total of 700 patients were included.

Eligibility Criteria:
Included in the meta-analysis were studies that involved any craniotomy under GA compared with a combination of GA and acupuncture. Exclusion criteria were no acupuncture during surgery, no GA during surgery, only postoperative data available, animal studies, and low grade of evidence.

Results:
The use of acupuncture significantly reduced the amount of volatile anesthetics during surgery (P<0.001) and led to faster extubation time (P=0.001) and postoperative patient recovery (P=0.003). In addition, significantly reduced blood levels of the brain tissue injury marker S100β 48 hours after operation (P=0.001) and occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (P=0.017) were observed. No patient studied suffered from awareness.

Conclusions:
The analysis suggests that the complementary use of acupuncture for craniotomy has additional analgesic effects, reduces the needed amount of volatile anesthetic, reduces the onset of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and might have protective effects on brain tissue. Our findings may stimulate future randomized controlled trials to provide definitive recommendations.
Ilizarov arthrodesis as a salvage procedure in infected posttraumatic arthritic ankle: experience in 11 patients
Authors: Said Elsayed Abdulhameed , Abdelgaid Sherif Mohamed , Addosooki Ahmad , Refae Hesham Hamed 
Published: March 2016

Background:Ankle arthrodesis is the most common procedure for the treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis. Several techniques are used to achieve solid fusion; however, Ilizarov external fixation is preferable in complex cases such as those involving bone loss, infection, or poor condition of the soft-tissue envelope.Methods:Between 2010 and 2013, 11 patients with end-stage posttraumatic ankle arthritis complicated by infection, irrespective of bone loss status, were treated with Ilizarov external fixation. The average patient age was 32.5 yr (range, 16–52 yr), including eight male and three female patients. All cases were posttraumatic and exhibited infection, with three also showing bone defects. Bone lengthening after acute shortening was performed in three patients.Results:Solid fusion was achieved within a mean period of 21.5 wk in all the patients. Infection was eliminated in 10 patients. Most patients accomplished unassisted full weight bearing activity, with the exception of two who required walking aids. Pin track infection occurred in seven patients, with only one needing surgical treatment. Based on the modified American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scoring system, the mean score was 74 (range, 62–85); the results were graded as excellent in three, good in six, and fair in two. Among the patients examined, nine (82%) were satisfied with the outcome of treatment.Conclusions:Ankle arthrodesis using the Ilizarov technique provides a successful salvage option for the treatment of complicated posttraumatic arthritic ankles by yielding solid fusion, eradication of infection, leg-length optimization, and compensation for bone loss.
Hospital Readmission Within 2 Years Following Adult Thoracolumbar Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Passias Peter G. , Klineberg Eric O. , Jalai Cyrus M. , Worley Nancy , Poorman Gregory W. , Line Breton , Oh Cheongeun , Burton Douglas C. , Kim Han Jo , Sciubba Daniel M. , Hamilton D. Kojo , Ames Christopher P. , Smith Justin S. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Lafage Virginie , Bess Shay 
Published: March 2016

Study Design.
A retrospective review of prospective multicenter database.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing readmission, reoperation, and the impact on health-related quality of life outcomes (HRQoLs) in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Many ASD patients experience complications requiring readmission. It is important to identify baseline/operative factors leading to rehospitalizations and reoperation, which may impact outcomes.

Methods.
Inclusion criteria: ASD surgical patients (age >18 yrs, major coronal Cobb ≥20°, sagittal vertical axis ≥5 cm, pelvic tilt ≥25°, and/or thoracic kyphosis >60°) with complete baseline, 1-, and 2-year follow-up. Patients were grouped on the basis of readmission occurrence (yes/no) and type [medical (no reoperation) vs. surgical (revision surgery)]. Readmissions caused by infections requiring surgical treatment (e.g., deep infections) were considered reoperations. Univariate and multivariate analyses determined readmission and reoperation predictors. Repeated measures mixed models evaluated readmission impact on HRQoLs at 1 and 2 years.

Results.
Three hundred thirty-four patients were included: 76 (22.8%) readmissions, involving 65 (85.5% of 76) reoperations (surgical readmission) and 11 (14.5% of 76) medical readmissions. The most common surgical readmission indication (n = 65) was implant complications (36.9%; rod breakage n = 13); the most common medical readmission indication was infection (36.4%, n = 4), treated with antibiotics. Noninfectious medical readmission (n = 7) included pleural effusion, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), intraoperative blood loss, neurologic, and unspecified. Readmission predictors: increased number of major peri-operative complications [odds ratio (OR) 5.13, P = 0.014], infection presence (OR 25.02, P = 0.001), implant complications (OR 6.12, P < 0.001), and radiographic complications (DJK, proximal junctional kyphosis, pseudoarthrosis, sagittal/coronal imbalance) (OR 16.94, P < 0.001). HRQoL analysis revealed overall improvement of the full cohort (P < 0.01), though the 76 readmitted improved less overall and at each time point P < 0.001) except in 6-week MCS (P = 0.14).

Conclusion.
Major peri-operative, implant, radiographic, and infection complications during index were associated with increased readmission odds. Implant complications most frequently caused surgical readmissions. Readmitted patients improved in outcome scores, although less compared with the nonreadmitted cohort, yet displayed reduced 6-week SF-36 Mental Component Summary.

Level of Evidence: 3