bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of the Last Glacial Cycle on ground surface temperature reconstructions over the last millennium
Authors: Beltrami Hugo , Matharoo Gurpreet S. , Smerdon Jason E. , Illanes Lizett , Tarasov Lev 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBorehole temperature profiles provide robust estimates of past ground surface temperature changes, in agreement with meteorological data. Nevertheless, past climatic changes such as the Last Glacial Cycle (LGC) generated thermal effects in the subsurface that affect estimates of recent climatic change from geothermal data. We use an ensemble of ice sheet simulations spanning the last 120 ka to assess the impact of the Laurentide Ice Sheet on recent ground surface temperature histories reconstructed from borehole temperature profiles over North America. When the thermal remnants of the LGC are removed, we find larger amounts of subsurface heat storage (2.8 times) and an increased warming of the ground surface over North America by 0.75 K, both relative to uncorrected borehole estimates.
The extraordinarily strong and cold polar vortex in the early northern winter 2015/2016
Authors: Matthias V. , Dörnbrack A. , Stober G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Arctic polar vortex in the early winter 2015/2016 was the strongest and coldest of the last 68 years. Using global reanalysis data, satellite observations, and mesospheric radar wind measurements over northern Scandinavia we investigate the characteristics of the early stage polar vortex and relate them to previous winters. We found a correlation between the planetary wave (PW) activity and the strength and temperature of the northern polar vortex in the stratosphere and mesosphere. In November/December 2015, a reduced PW generation in the troposphere and a stronger PW filtering in the troposphere and stratosphere, caused by stronger zonal winds in midlatitudes, resulted in a stronger polar vortex. This effect was strengthened by the equatorward shift of PWs due to the strong zonal wind in polar latitudes resulting in a southward shift of the Eliassen‐Palm flux divergence and hence inducing a decreased deceleration of the polar vortex by PWs.
Investigation of the effect of graphene oxide on the properties of epoxy‐phthalonitrile nanocomposites
Authors: Kaliavaradhan Kumudha , Rukmanikrishnan Balasubramanian , Muthusamy Sarojadevi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA novel keto‐ene containing phthalonitrile (PN) monomer was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared from natural graphite using Hummer's method. The effect of the addition of GO with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and phthalonitrile in the presence of diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) as a curing agent has been investigated. The mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of GO/epoxy‐phthalonitrile (EP‐PN) nanocomposites as a function of different weight percentage of GO (0, 1, 3, and 5 wt%) are reported. Dynamic mechanical analysis reveals that a maximum glass transition temperature (166.5°C) and storage modulus (3.3 GPa at 25°C) values are obtained for 3 wt% of GO content. FT‐IR, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectral techniques were employed to characterize the prepared GO and its extent of exfoliation in EP‐PN nanocomposites. The dispersion of GO in the fractured surface of the composites was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. GO/EP‐PN nanocomposites show dramatic increase in dielectric properties compared to the neat EP‐PN nanocomposites. All the prepared nanocomposites fabricated with GO show excellent thermal stability in nitrogen atmosphere.
Effect of annealing on the properties of polylactide/poly(butylene carbonate) blend
Authors: Ge Feng , Wang Xuemei , Ran Xianghai 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe microstructure evolution of partial miscible polylactide/poly(butylene carbonate) (PLA/PBC) blend during annealing, including the variation in crystalline structure of PLA and PBC, the morphologies of PBC particles, and the relaxation of chain segments in the amorphous region of PLA, is investigated in detail. Based on the significant difference in melting temperature, phase separation arises as a result of the occurrence of crystallization of PLA and is further enhanced due to the crystallization of PBC. The glass transition temperature Tg of the PLA phase in the phase separation blend is significantly higher than that of the pure PLA due to increasing crystallinity. The increasing annealing time resulted in enhanced phase separation, as reflected in the harsher morphology, the decrease of molecular dynamics, and the reduction amount of the amorphous domain. It can be verified by the interaction parameter C values at various annealing conditions from the yield stress data. Therefore, blend is aptitude to elongation decrease and the toughening micromechanism changes, while the plastic deformation is the important energy dissipation process for quenched PLA/PBC blend. Debonding of the PBC particles followed by plastic void growth of the PLA matrix is the major toughening micro‐mechanisms for phase separation blend.
Myrtol standardized affects mucociliary clearance
Authors: Li Ying Ying , Liu Jing , Li Chun Wei , Subramaniam Somasundaram , Chao Siew Shuen , Yu Feng Gang , Cohen Noam A. , Li Shi , Wang De Yun 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundMyrtol standardized (Gelomyrtol forte) has been shown to be effective in controlling nasal symptoms of rhinosinusitis by promoting mucociliary clearance. Our aim was to evaluate the short‐ and long‐term effects of myrtol on ciliated columnar cells and goblet cells in an in‐vitro setting.MethodsNasal epithelial cells were harvested (42 days) from an air‐liquid interface (ALI) culture of human nasal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (hNESPCs), which was derived from biopsies of nasal inferior turbinate mucosa. Myrtol 0.1% was applied to the ALI culture system at 2 different time‐points (day 0 and day 35) on progenitor and differentiated cells. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF), supernatant fluid, and ciliated and goblet cell markers were evaluated after short‐ (7 days) and long‐term (42 days) treatment.ResultsIn the long‐term treatment with myrtol, there was an increase in cilia area (type IV β‐tubulin+, 1.53‐fold, p = 0.031) and ciliogenesis‐related markers (Foxj1 and CP110) with no change in CBF, as compared with control. In addition, the short‐term myrtol treatment group exhibited greater mucin secretion compared with control.ConclusionThis study demonstrates, through cellular and molecular mechanisms, that myrtol standardized enhances the mucus production from goblet cells in the short term, and promotes ciliated cell differentiation in the long term.
Correlation between the number of allergen sensitizations and immunoglobulin E: monosensitization vs polysensitization
Authors: Kuperstock Jacob E. , Brook Christopher D. , Ryan Matthew W. , Platt Michael P. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine if total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) could predict monosensitization compared to polysensitization in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of a cohort of 1073 patients who underwent allergy testing. Differences in total IgE level between unsensitized, monosensitized, and polysensitized subjects were calculated. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine whether there was a relationship between total IgE level and the number of positive allergen sensitizations. In addition, allergen sensitization class was calculated for each allergen sensitization and totaled for each patient. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the relationship between total IgE level and weighted allergen sensitization by class.ResultsThere were 159 patients who were monosensitized compared to 492 patients who were polysensitized. Of the monosensitized patients, almost 50% (74) were sensitized to one or both dust mites. Total IgE was higher in polysensitized patients compared to monosensitized compared to controls (p < 0.001). Pearson correlation coefficient between total IgE and number of positive allergen sensitizations was 0.465 (p ≤ 0.001). Pearson correlation coefficient between total IgE and allergen class–weighted sensitizations was 0.529 (p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionIgE level can be used to predict monosensitization vs polysensitization. There is a moderate correlation between total IgE sensitization and the number of positive allergen sensitizations, as well as allergen class–weighted sensitizations.
Scanning plane comparison of ultrasound‐derived morphological characteristics of the vastus lateralis
Authors: Varanoske Alyssa N. , Fukuda David H. , Boone Carleigh H. , Beyer Kyle S. , Stout Jeffrey R. , Hoffman Jay R. 
Published: November 2016

Muscle morphological characteristics obtained via ultrasonography have been used to quantify the size, architecture, and quality of skeletal muscle. Previous research has utilized varying ultrasonographic techniques, however there is little information comparing these different techniques. Muscle morphological characteristics, including cross‐sectional area (CSA), muscle thickness (MT), echo intensity (EI), and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SubQ) were assessed in 24 males (20.2 ± 1.6 y) via three panoramic‐images captured in the transverse plane (PTI) and three still‐images captured in the longitudinal plane (SLI). Cross‐sectional area of PTI was significantly greater than CSA of SLI (P < 0.001), however positive correlations existed between the two measurements (r = 0.752, P < 0.001). Echo intensity of PTI was significantly lower than EI of SLI (P = 0.002), however, positive correlations existed between the two measurements (r = 0.681, P < 0.001). MT of PTI was significantly greater than MT of SLI (P = 0.003), but positive correlations existed between measurements (r = 0.809, P < 0.001). However, SubQ of PTI was significantly lower than SubQ of SLI (P < 0.001), but positive correlations existed between measurements (r = 0.915, P < 0.001). In conclusions, PTI and SLI yield significantly different CSA, EI, MT, and SubQ measurements but these values are highly correlated. Still longitudinal images require less time, cost, and expertise, and therefore may be preferred over PTI in future studies. Clin. Anat. 30:533–542, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Macrophage depletion impairs skeletal muscle regeneration: The roles of regulatory factors for muscle regeneration
Authors: Liu Xiaoguang , Liu Yu , Zhao Linlin , Zeng Zhigang , Xiao Weihua , Chen Peijie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThough macrophages are essential for skeletal muscle regeneration, which is a complex process, the roles and mechanisms of the macrophages in the process of muscle regeneration are still not fully understood. The objective of this study is to explore the roles of macrophages and the mechanisms involved in the regeneration of injured skeletal muscle. One hundred and twelve C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into muscle contusion and macrophages depleted groups. Their gastrocnemius muscles were harvested at the time points of 12 h, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 d post‐injury. The changes in skeletal muscle morphology were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain. The gene expression was analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The data showed that CL‐liposomes treatment did affect the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, myogenin) after injury. In addition, CL‐liposomes treatment decreased the expression of regulatory factors of muscle regeneration (HGF, uPA, COX‐2, IGF‐1, MGF, FGF6) and increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TGF‐β1, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, RANTES) in the late stage of regeneration. Moreover, there were significant correlations between macrophages and some regulatory factors (such as HGF, uPA) for muscle regeneration. These results suggested that macrophages depletion impairs skeletal muscle regeneration and that the regulatory factors for muscle regeneration may play important roles in this process.
Bench and initial preclinical results of a novel 8 mm diameter double opposed helical biodegradable stent
Authors: Herbert Carrie E. , Veeram Reddy Surendranath , Welch Tré R. , Wang Jian , Richardson James A. , Forbess Joseph M. , Nugent Alan W. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundMetallic endovascular stents are utilized off‐label in congenital heart disease. Biodegradable stents (BDS) offer potential advantages in a growing child. We have previously reported double opposed helical (DH) BDS up to 6 mm diameter (DH‐6). The objectives are to investigate the bench characteristics of larger 8 mm diameter BDS (DH‐8) manufactured with increasing strut thicknesses and the inflammatory profile in a porcine model.MethodsDH‐8 were manufactured with strut thicknesses 0.10, 0.12, and 0.18 mm and mechanical testing performed. Stents were deployed into the infrarenal descending aorta (DAO) of nine minipigs. At insertion (nonsurvival = 2), 1 week (n = 2), 1 month (n = 2), and 9 months (n = 3) follow‐up angiography, intravascular ultrasound and histopathology were performed.ResultsThere was superior recoil and collapse pressure with increasing strut thickness, with 0.18 mm having 1.0% elastic recoil and collapse pressure 0.75 Atmospheres. There was good wall apposition at insertion with 5 BDS (4 DH‐8 and 1 DH‐6) but suboptimal in 4 as the minipigs infrarenal DAO were >8 mm (deployed at iliac bifurcation). Structural integrity was maintained in 8 BDS with 1 DH‐8 collapsed at 9 months, secondary to strut damage at insertion. No thrombosis was seen. There was mild inflammation and neointimal proliferation at 1 week and 1 month, but a moderate inflammatory response at 9 months.ConclusionsDH‐8 with increased strut thickness had acceptable mechanical properties at the cost of an increased inflammatory response. Miniaturization to improve delivery and further investigation on the long‐term inflammatory profile of thicker struts, including through degradation, is needed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical evaluation of a radio‐protective cream for the hands of the pediatric interventional cardiologist
Authors: Subramanian Saradha , Waller B. Rush , Winders Natasha , Bird Lindsey E. , Agrawal Vijaykumar , Zurakowski David , Kuhls‐Gilcrist Andrew , Khandkar Ashok , Sathanandam Shyam K 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of UltraBLOX™ radiation attenuating hand cream during lengthy cardiac catheterization procedures in children.BackgroundThe hands of interventional cardiologists receive high doses of radiation due to their proximity to the X‐ray beam. Radiation attenuating gloves have about a 26% attenuation rate, but reduce dexterity and tactile sensation. The UltraBLOX™ cream is a new FDA‐approved X‐ray attenuating cream that can be applied to the operator's hands for radio‐protection.MethodsTwo nanoDot™ dosimeters were secured side by side on the dorsum of the operator's (n = 2) left hand close to the wrist. One dosimeter and the rest of the hand were covered with 0.2 mm layer of the cream. The other dosimeter was unshielded. Procedures were performed using 110 kVp fluoroscopy at 15 pulses/sec. The measurements were categorized into four groups dependent on the duration of the procedure. The patients in all four groups were well matched for age and size.ResultsProcedural and cumulative hand radiation doses were higher with longer procedural duration. The overall % attenuation by the cream was 39.7% (28.6–51.5) and was unaffected by the length of the procedure (median: 40.9% at 30 min and 41.4% at 180 min; P = 0.66) or the dose of radiation. The kappa statistic for interobserver agreement for good tactile sensitivity was 0.82.ConclusionsUltraBLOX™ cream provides a new option for radio‐protection for the hands of interventional cardiologists without impairing tactile sensitivity. There was no decrease in attenuation up to 180 min. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Provisional rotablator for calcified lesions: The Russian roulette of PCI
Authors: Safian Robert D. 
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Rotational atherectomy (RA) with Rotablator is highly effective for modifying heavily calcified coronary artery lesions to facilitate stent expansion.
Fluoroscopic assessment of the extent and depth of calcium is unreliable, and the best assessment is achieved with intravascular ultrasound.
Planned RA is the percutaneous treatment of choice for heavily calcified lesions characterized by circumferential superficial calcium; provisional RA in these patients should be avoided.
Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds in coronary bifurcation lesions: The next frontiers?
Authors: Leesar Massoud A. 
Published: November 2016

Key Points

There are now data supporting the use of the Absorb everolimus‐eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) for treating non‐complex coronary lesions.
The complete bioresorption of the scaffold after 2–3 years is an important advantage over metallic stents because there will not be a nidus for stent‐related thrombotic complications.
The safety and efficacy of BVS has yet to be determined in patients with coronary bifurcation lesions
Melody valve implantation within freestyle stentless porcine aortic heterograft
Authors: Kuo James A. , Feezel Ashlea A. , Putnam Traci N. , Schutte Deborah A. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThe Melody transcatheter pulmonary valve has been implanted successfully worldwide since its first implant in 2000. The vast majority of these valves have been implanted in pulmonary homografts. In our institution, the most common valve used for pulmonary valve replacement is the Medtronic Freestyle stentless porcine aortic heterograft.ObjectiveWe describe our experience implanting the Melody valve within the Freestyle heterograft.MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed.ResultsBetween June 2012 and June 2015, 19 Melody valves were placed within Freestyle heterografts. The most common indication for intervention was pulmonary stenosis. Following pre‐stent and Melody valve implantation, right ventricle‐to‐pulmonary artery gradient decreased from 38.1 ± 12.1 to 10 ± 4.7 mm Hg (P < 0.001), and right ventricular pressure decreased from 61.7 ± 17.8 to 35.6 ± 10.2 mm Hg (P < 0.001). Two procedural adverse events occurred. At median follow‐up of 24 months (range 2–48 months), no patients had mean right ventricular outflow tract gradients >30 mm Hg or worse than mild insufficiency. No valve reinterventions have been necessary and no episodes of endocarditis have been observed.ConclusionsThe Melody valve can be implanted successfully within a stentless aortic bioprosthesis with good short‐ and intermediate‐term longevity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Initial clinical experience with the Medtronic Micro Vascular Plug™ in transcatheter occlusion of PDAs in extremely premature infants
Authors: Sathanandam Shyam , Justino Henri , Waller B. Rush , Radtke Wolfgang , Qureshi Athar M. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo describe the early multicenter, clinical experience with the Medtronic Micro Vascular Plug™ (MVP) for the occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants.BackgroundThe MVP is a large diameter plug that can be delivered through a microcatheter for occlusion of abnormal blood vessels.MethodsA Retrospective review of PDA embolization procedures performed in two centers using the MVP was performed.ResultsFifteen premature infants underwent attempted PDA occlusion using the MVP. The gestational age and birth weight were 25.6 ± 2.5 weeks and 735 ± 251 g, respectively. The median weight and age at the time of the procedure were 1,210 g (700–3,500 g) and 4.5 weeks (2–12 weeks), respectively. Median procedure and fluoroscopy times were 45 and 6.5 min, respectively. The median radiation and contrast doses were 19.7 mGy and 2.4 mL/kg, respectively. Antegrade occlusion was successfully achieved in 13 patients <2 kg with only femoral venous access aided by echo guidance. The two patients >2 kg had arterial access and attempted retrograde occlusion; one of which was unsuccessful due to the PDA being short and wide. Complete closure was observed in 13 of 14 successful procedures (93%), with one patient having a small residual shunt that was not seen on follow‐up. There were no complications related to the procedure or noted during follow‐up (Median 11 months).ConclusionsThe MVP is a new, large‐diameter vascular embolization device that may be useful for the occlusion of PDA in extremely small, premature infants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic characteristics of the particles in a dense‐phase pulsed fluidized bed for dry beneficiation
Authors: Dong Liang , Zhang Bo , Zhang Yong , Zhao Yuemin , Zhou Enhui , Lv Peng , Duan Chenlong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCoal is one of the most important primary energy sources all over the world. Dry coal beneficiation is a hot topic in the mineral processing field because of severe environmental pollution and shortage of water resources. A dense‐phase pulsed fluidized bed (DPPFB) is proposed for the dry coal beneficiation of fine coal; an active pulsating airflow was introduced into an air dense medium fluidized bed (ADMFB). In this study, the kinetic characteristics of the particles in a DPPFB were investigated by computational particle fluid dynamics. The results show that the bubbles present in the DPPFB were much smaller than those in the ADMFB, and the motion of the dilute‐phase region replaced the motion of the large bubbles. Because of the action of the pulsating airflow, the motion of the heavy medium became uniform and steady. The back‐mixing phenomenon caused by the circulation motion of the heavy medium was suppressed significantly.
Use of vimentin immunocytochemical staining for evaluation of atypical cells in voided urine samples
Authors: Strojan Fležar Margareta , Srebotnik‐Kirbiš Irena , Gutnik Helena 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundCytomorphology of exfoliated atypical reactive/repair renal tubular cells (RRTC) can resemble atypical urothelial cells thus suggesting a differential diagnostic question of urothelial neoplasia in urinary cytology. Vimentin expression has been shown in RRTC and used for differentiation from atypical urothelial cells.MethodsThe institutional computer database was searched for urinary cytology cases with vimentin immunocytochemical staining (2008–2012). Original cytopathological diagnoses based on cytomorphology and the results of vimentin immunostaining were compared to follow‐up data, including histopathological diagnosis, subsequent urinary cytopathology reports, and clinical findings.ResultsOf the 42 cases with vimentin immunocytochemical staining, 33 were positive and 9 negative. Consequently, significant renal disease was found in 9/33 (27%) of vimentin positive cases and nehrolithiasis in 4/33 (12%) of vimentin positive and 1/9 (11%) of vimentin negative cases. Erythrocyturia of undetermined origin was diagnosed in nine cases (seven vimentin positive and two negative). Urinary cytology follow‐up was negative in three vimentin positive cases. Urothelial carcinoma was found in 3/9 (30%) of vimentin negative cases. Thirteen patients were lost to follow‐up.ConclusionsVimentin immunocytochemical staining could be used as an ancillary method for evaluation of atypical cells in urinary specimens in selected cases with RRTC exhibiting cytological atypia. Unnecessary diagnostic procedures for evaluation of urothelial carcinoma could be avoided in vimentin positive cases and further diagnostic work‐up for evaluation of a significant renal disease could be suggested in vimentin positive cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:85–90. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.