bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing radiation dose in grating based x‐ray phase contrast CT with twin‐peaks in its phase stepping curves
Authors: Xie Huiqiao , Cai Weixing , Yang Lily , Mao Hui , Tang Xiangyang 
Published: October 2016

PurposeDifferential phase contrast CT has been recognized as an x‐ray imaging method with the potential to greatly improve the differentiation of soft tissues. Talbot interferometry has been one of the promising solutions allowing implementation with commercially available x‐ray tubes with a polychromatic spectrum. Mainly due to imperfections in grating fabrication and the polychromatic spectrum of x‐ray beam, a twin‐peaks phenomenon may exist in phase stepping curves (PSCs) and degrade the performance of phase retrieval. The authors have previously proposed a Fourier analysis based method for phase retrieval in the scenario wherein the twin‐peaks phenomenon occurs in PSCs. In this work, the authors propose a 5‐step algebraic method for phase retrieval and investigate the potential of reducing radiation dose while both the Fourier and algebraic methods are being utilized for phase retrieval.MethodsThe algebraic method to deal with the twin‐peaks phenomenon, in which a set of linear equations with five unknown variables is needed for phase retrieval, is an extension of the so‐called 3‐step method that has been used in the scenario wherein only single‐peak exists in the PSCs. In addition to a numerical phantom, two sets of experimental data (a phantom made of organic materials and a small animal) acquired by a prototype differential phase contrast CT system are employed to evaluate the performance of the Fourier and algebraic phase retrieval methods and their potential in radiation dose reduction.ResultsThe evaluation by both numerical phantom and experimental data shows that the algebraic method works as well as the Fourier method in phase retrieval if the twin‐peaks phenomenon in the PSCs is appropriately dealt with. In addition, while the radiation dose associated with data acquisition is being reduced via fewer phase shifting steps, the algebraic method can maintain a better performance compared to the Fourier method.ConclusionsAlong with the Fourier method, the proposed 5‐step algebraic method can cope with the twin‐peaks phenomenon in phase retrieval. With decreased phase shifting steps and thus radiation dose, the proposed algebraic method performs better than the Fourier method, providing a practical solution for implementation of grating based differential phase contrast CT.
To Jump or Cycle? Monitoring Neuromuscular Function in Rugby Union Players
Authors: Roe Gregory , Darrall-Jones Joshua , Till Kevin , Phibbs Padraic , Read Dale , Weakley Jonathon , Jones Ben 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:To evaluate changes in performance of a 6-s cycle-ergometer test (CET) and countermovement jump (CMJ) during a 6-wk training block in professional rugby union players.Methods:Twelve young professional rugby union players performed 2 CETs and CMJs on the 1st and 4th mornings of every week before the commencement of daily training during a 6-wk training block. Standardized changes in the highest score of 2 CET and CMJ efforts were assessed using linear mixed modeling and magnitude-based inferences.Results:After increases in training load during wk 3 to 5, moderate decreases in CMJ peak and mean power and small decreases in flight time were observed during wk 5 and 6 that were very likely to almost certainly greater than the smallest worthwhile change (SWC), suggesting neuromuscular fatigue. However, only small decreases, possibly greater than the SWC, were observed in CET peak power. Changes in CMJ peak and mean power were moderately greater than in CET peak power during this period, while the difference between flight time and CET peak power was small.Conclusion:The greater weekly changes in CMJ metrics in comparison with CET may indicate differences in the capacities of these tests to measure training-induced lower-body neuromuscular fatigue in rugby union players. However, future research is needed to ascertain the specific modes of training that elicit changes in CMJ and CET to determine the efficacy of each test for monitoring neuromuscular function in rugby union players.
Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Adults: The Case of Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Emerson Kerstin Gerst , Gay Jennifer 
Published: October 2016

The goals of this study were (1) to test the relative contribution of light intensity and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older adults, and (2) to examine the influence of ethnicity. We used pooled data from the 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 waves of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). The sample consisted of 1,171 non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Mexican American adults aged 65 and older. Using ordinary least squares regression, we showed no statistically significant relationship between lower CVD risk with light intensity activity. However, greater minutes of MVPA was associated with lower CVD risk. Mexican Americans had statistically significantly higher risk for CVD compared to non-Hispanic Whites after controlling for physical activity. Mexican Americans remain an at-risk group for CVD. Regardless of race or ethnicity, physical activity recommendations among elders should be for at least moderate intensity activity for a more favorable CVD outcome.
Effects of a 10-Week Introductory Judo Course on Postural Control During a Bilateral Reactionary Gripping Task
Authors: Muddle Tyler W.D. , Fukuda David H. , Wang Ran , Riffe Joshua J. , Church David D. , Beyer Kyle S. , Hoffman Jay R. , Stout Jeffrey R. 
Published: October 2016

This study examined the effect of a 10-week introductory judo course on postural control during a bilateral reactionary gripping task using different stance conditions. A total of 20 volunteers were divided into experimental (JDO) and control (CON) groups. Countermovement jump was measured and center of pressure variables were evaluated while performing a bilateral reactionary gripping task under different stance conditions during pre- and posttesting. No interactions were observed for the center of pressure variables (p > .05), while both countermovement jump power (+165.4 W; p = .036) and height (+3.5 cm; p = .018) significantly improved in the JDO group following the 10-week course. Results indicate that 10 weeks of an introductory judo course has no effect on postural control while performing a bilateral reactionary gripping task using different stance conditions.
The Thin Line Between Masculinity and Skate: Primetime Narratives of Male Figure Skaters on the CBC and NBC 2014 Winter Olympic Broadcasts
Authors: MacArthur Paul J. , Angelini James R. , Billings Andrew C. , Smith Lauren R. 
Published: October 2016

An empirical analysis was conducted focusing on how the United States-based NBC and the Canada-based CBC portrayed male figure skaters in comparison with their male Winter Olympic counterparts on the networks’ primetime 2014 Olympic broadcasts. Using 100% of all primetime broadcast content as a universe of investigation, NBC’s and the CBC’s commentary about male figure skaters was compared with the aggregate of all other male Winter Olympians in the areas of success, failure and personality/physicality. Analysis of NBC’s primetime coverage of the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympic Games revealed five (5) significantly-different dialogue trends between male figure skaters and the aggregate of other male Winter Olympians, while analysis of the CBC’s primetime coverage revealed seven (7) significantly-different dialogue trends between male figure skaters and the aggregate of other male Winter Olympians. Differences were not consistent from network to network, showing that NBC and CBC treated male figure skaters differently, yet in significantly different manners by network. Insights are offered on the theoretical and applied levels.Une analyse empirique a été conduite pour savoir comment la chaîne américaine NBC et la chaîne canadienne CBC présentaient les patineurs sur glace par rapport à leurs homologues masculins participant aux Jeux Olympiques d’Hiver lors de leurs prime times en 2014. En utilisant 100% du contenu des prime times diffusés comme terrain d’investigation, les commentaires de NBC et de CBC concernant les patineurs sur glace ont été comparés à ceux, agrégés, de tous les autres olympiens masculins dans le domaine de la réussite, de l’échec, de la personnalité et du physique. L’analyse de la couverture des Jeux Olympiques 2014 de Sotchi en prime time sur NBC a révélé cinq types de discours significativement différents entre les patineurs et l’ensemble des autres olympiens alors que l’analyse de la couverture en prime time du CBC en a révélé sept. Les différences ne sont pas similaires d’une chaîne à l’autre, ce qui montre que NBC et CBC ont traité les patineurs sur glace différemment. Des éclairages sont apportés aux niveaux théoriques et appliqués.
Enhanced Protective Immunogenicity of Homodimeric Borrelia burgdorferi Outer Surface Protein C
Authors: Edmondson Diane G. , Prabhakaran Sabitha , Norris Steven J. , Ullmann Amy J. , Piesman Joe , Dolan Marc , Probst Christian , Radzimski Christiane , Stöcker Winfried , Komorowski Lars 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Lyme borreliosis is caused by tick-transmitted spirochetes of the
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
group and is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States and Europe. Outer surface protein C (OspC) is a 23-kDa outer surface lipoprotein expressed during spirochete transmission from the tick to the vertebrate host. In a previous study, we found that immunization with a recombinant disulfide-bridged dimeric form of OspC (D-OspC) stimulates increased antibody responses relative to immunization with commonly employed monomeric OspC. Here, we report that mice immunized with dimeric OspC proteins also exhibited enhanced protection against infection with the cognate
B. burgdorferi
strain. Mice were protected by four immunizations containing as little as 100 ng of dimeric OspC, suggesting that this form of the protein can induce protective immunity within a dose range reasonable for a human or veterinary vaccine. In contrast, monomeric OspC was only partially protective at much higher doses. IgG subclass analysis revealed that D-OspC-immunized animals mainly possessed anti-OspC-IgG1. In contrast, infected animals develop anti-OspC restricted to the IgG3 isotype. A subset of antibodies generated by dimeric OspC immunization did not recognize the monomeric variant, indicating that unique epitopes exist on the dimeric form. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies that recognized only dimeric OspC protected mice from
B. burgdorferi
challenge, whereas another monoclonal that recognized both immunogens was not protective. These studies suggest that this dimeric OspC presents distinctive epitopes that generate antibodies protective against
B. burgdorferi
infection and could be a useful vaccine component.
How Did Zika Virus Emerge in the Pacific Islands and Latin America?
Authors: Pettersson John H.-O. , Eldholm Vegard , Seligman Stephen J. , Lundkvist Åke , Falconar Andrew K. , Gaunt Michael W. , Musso Didier , Nougairède Antoine , Charrel Remi , Gould Ernest A. , de Lamballerie Xavier 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

The unexpected emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Pacific Islands and Latin America and its association with congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZVS) (which includes microcephaly) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have stimulated wide-ranging research. High densities of susceptible
Aedes
spp., immunologically naive human populations, global population growth with increased urbanization, and escalation of global transportation of humans and commercial goods carrying vectors and ZIKV undoubtedly enhanced the emergence of ZIKV. However, flavivirus mutations accumulate with time, increasing the likelihood that genetic viral differences are determinants of change in viral phenotype. Based on comparative ZIKV complete genome phylogenetic analyses and temporal estimates, we identify amino acid substitutions that may be associated with increased viral epidemicity, CZVS, and GBS. Reverse genetics, vector competence, and seroepidemiological studies will test our hypothesis that these amino acid substitutions are determinants of epidemic and neurotropic ZIKV emergence.
Virtual clinics in glaucoma care: face-to-face versus remote decision-making
Authors: Clarke Jonathan , Puertas Renata , Kotecha Aachal , Foster Paul J , Barton Keith 
Published: October 2016

Background/aimsTo examine the agreement in clinical decisions of glaucoma status made in a virtual glaucoma clinic with those made during a face-to-face consultation.MethodsA trained nurse and technicians entered data prospectively for 204 patients into a proforma. A subsequent face-to-face clinical assessment was completed by either a glaucoma consultant or fellow. Proformas were reviewed remotely by one of two additional glaucoma consultants, and 12 months later, by the clinicians who had undertaken the original clinical examination. The interobserver and intraobserver decision-making agreements of virtual assessment versus standard care were calculated.ResultsWe identified adverse disagreement between face-to-face and virtual review in 7/204 (3.4%, 95% CI 0.9% to 5.9%) patients, where virtual review failed to predict a need to accelerated follow-up identified in face-to-face review. Misclassification events were rare, occurring in 1.9% (95% CI 0.3% to 3.8%) of assessments. Interobserver κ (95% CI) showed only fair agreement (0.24 (0.04 to 0.43)); this improved to moderate agreement when only consultant decisions were compared against each other (κ=0.41 (0.16 to 0.65)). The intraobserver agreement κ (95% CI) for the consultant was 0.274 (0.073 to 0.476), and that for the fellow was 0.264 (0.031 to 0.497).ConclusionsThe low rate of adverse misclassification, combined with the slowly progressive nature of most glaucoma, and the fact that patients will all be regularly reassessed, suggests that virtual clinics offer a safe, logistically viable option for selected patients with glaucoma.
Screening of gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy by oral glucose tolerance test and glycosylated fibronectin: study protocol for an international, prospective, multicentre cohort trial
Authors: Huhn E A , Fischer T , Göbl C S , Todesco Bernasconi M , Kreft M , Kunze M , Schoetzau A , Dölzlmüller E , Eppel W , Husslein P , Ochsenbein-Koelble N , Zimmermann R , Bäz E , Prömpeler H , Bruder E , Hahn S , Hoesli I 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionAs the accurate diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is of increasing importance; new diagnostic approaches for the assessment of GDM in early pregnancy were recently suggested. We evaluate the diagnostic power of an ‘early’ oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 75 g and glycosylated fibronectin (glyFn) for GDM screening in a normal cohort.Methods and analysisIn a prospective cohort study, 748 singleton pregnancies are recruited in 6 centres in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. Women are screened for pre-existing diabetes mellitus and GDM by an ‘early’ OGTT 75 g and/or the new biomarker, glyFn, at 12–15 weeks of gestation. Different screening strategies are compared to evaluate the impact on detection of GDM by an OGTT 75 g at 24–28 weeks of gestation as recommended by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG). A new screening algorithm is created by using multivariable risk estimation based on ‘early’ OGTT 75 g and/or glyFn results, incorporating maternal risk factors. Recruitment began in May 2014.Ethics and disseminationThis study received ethical approval from the ethics committees in Basel, Zurich, Vienna, Salzburg and Freiburg. It was registered underhttp://www.ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT02035059) on 12 January 2014. Data will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT02035059.
Investigation on microstructure and martensitic transformation of neodymium-added NiTi shape memory alloys
Authors: Maashaa Dovchinvanchig , Dorj Ulzii-Orshikh , Lee Malrey , Lee Min Hi , Zhao Chunwang , Dashjav Munguntsetseg , Woo Seon-Mi 
Published: October 2016

The effect of rare earth element neodymium (Nd) addition on the microstructure and martensitic transformation behavior of Ni[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]Nd[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 at.%) shape memory alloy was investigated by scanning electronic microscope, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that the microstructure of Ni–Ti–Nd ternary alloy consists of NiNd phase, NiTi2 and the NiTi matrix. A one-step martensitic transformation is observed in the alloys. The martensitic transformation temperature Ms increases sharply increasing 0.1–0.7 at.% Nd content is added.
The Truth, The Whole Truth, and Nothing But the Truth
Authors: Blackburn Stephen M. , Diwan Amer , Hauswirth Matthias , Sweeney Peter F. , Amaral José Nelson , Brecht Tim , Bulej Lubomír , Click Cliff , Eeckhout Lieven , Fischmeister Sebastian , Frampton Daniel , Hendren Laurie J. , Hind Michael , Hosking Antony L. , Jones Richard E. , Kalibera Tomas , Keynes Nathan , Nystrom Nathaniel , Zeller Andreas 
Published: October 2016

An unsound claim can misdirect a field, encouraging the pursuit of unworthy ideas and the abandonment of promising ideas. An inadequate description of a claim can make it difficult to reason about the claim, for example, to determine whether the claim is sound. Many practitioners will acknowledge the threat of unsound claims or inadequate descriptions of claims to their field. We believe that this situation is exacerbated, and even encouraged, by the lack of a systematic approach to exploring, exposing, and addressing the source of unsound claims and poor exposition.
This article proposes a framework that identifies three sins of reasoning that lead to unsound claims and two sins of exposition that lead to poorly described claims and evaluations. Sins of exposition obfuscate the objective of determining whether or not a claim is sound, while sins of reasoning lead directly to unsound claims.
Our framework provides practitioners with a principled way of critiquing the integrity of their own work and the work of others. We hope that this will help individuals conduct better science and encourage a cultural shift in our research community to identify and promulgate sound claims.
Sensorimotor integration of vision and proprioception for obstacle crossing in ambulatory individuals with spinal cord injury
Authors: Malik Raza Naseem , Cote Rachel , Lam Tania 
Published: October 2016

Skilled walking, such as obstacle crossing, is an essential component of functional mobility. Sensorimotor integration of visual and proprioceptive inputs is important for successful obstacle crossing. The objective of this study was to understand how proprioceptive deficits affect obstacle-crossing strategies when controlling for variations in motor deficits in ambulatory individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Fifteen ambulatory individuals with SCI and 15 able-bodied controls were asked to step over an obstacle scaled to their motor abilities under full and obstructed vision conditions. An eye tracker was used to determine gaze behaviour and motion capture analysis was used to determine toe kinematics relative to the obstacle. Combined, bilateral hip and knee proprioceptive sense (joint position sense and movement detection sense) was assessed using the Lokomat and customized software controls. Combined, bilateral hip and knee proprioceptive sense in subjects with SCI varied and was significantly different from able-bodied subjects. Subjects with greater proprioceptive deficits stepped higher over the obstacle with their lead and trail limbs in the obstructed vision condition compared with full vision. Subjects with SCI also glanced at the obstacle more frequently and with longer fixation times compared with controls, but this was not related to proprioceptive sense. This study indicates that ambulatory individuals with SCI rely more heavily on vision to cross obstacles and show impairments in key gait parameters required for successful obstacle crossing. Our data suggest that proprioceptive deficits need to be considered in rehabilitation programs aimed at improving functional mobility in ambulatory individuals with SCI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work is unique since it examines the contribution of combined, bilateral hip and knee proprioceptive sense on the recovery of skilled walking function, in addition to characterizing gaze behavior during a skilled walking task in people with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury.
TLR Adaptor Protein MYD88 Mediates Sensitivity to HDAC Inhibitors via a Cytokine-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: New Maria , Sheikh Semira , Bekheet Mina , Olzscha Heidi , Thezenas Marie-Laetitia , Care Matthew A. , Fotheringham Susan , Tooze Reuben M. , Kessler Benedikt , La Thangue Nicholas B. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have proven useful therapeutic agents for certain hematologic cancers. However, HDAC inhibition causes diverse cellular outcomes, and identification of cancer-relevant pathways within these outcomes remains unresolved. In this study, we utilized an unbiased loss-of-function screen and identified the Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor protein MYD88 as a key regulator of the antiproliferative effects of HDAC inhibition. High expression of MYD88 exhibited increased sensitivity to HDAC inhibitors; conversely, low expression coincided with reduced sensitivity. MYD88-dependent TLR signaling controlled cytokine levels, which then acted via an extracellular mechanism to maintain cell proliferation and sensitize cells to HDAC inhibition. MYD88 activity was directly regulated through lysine acetylation and was deacetylated by HDAC6. MYD88 was a component of a wider acetylation signature in the ABC subgroup of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and one of the most frequent mutations in MYD88, L265P, conferred increased cell sensitivity to HDAC inhibitors. Our study defines acetylation of MYD88, which, by regulating TLR-dependent signaling to cytokine genes, influences the antiproliferative effects of HDAC inhibitors. Our results provide a possible explanation for the sensitivity of malignancies of hematologic origin to HDAC inhibitor–based therapy. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6975–87. ©2016 AACR.