bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descriptive Epidemiology of Non–Time-Loss Injuries in Collegiate and High School Student-Athletes
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y. , Lynall Robert C. , Roos Karen G. , Dalton Sara L. , Djoko Aristarque , Dompier Thomas P. 
Published: March 2017

Context: Research on non–time-loss (NTL) injuries, which result in less than 24 hours of restriction from participation, is limited.Objective: To describe the epidemiology of NTL injuries among collegiate and high school student-athletes.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.Setting: Aggregate injury and exposure data collected from a convenience sample of National College Athletic Association varsity teams and 147 high schools in 26 states.Patients or Other Participants: Collegiate and high school student-athletes participating in men's and boys' baseball, basketball, football, lacrosse, soccer, and wrestling and women's and girls' basketball, field hockey, lacrosse, soccer, softball, and volleyball during the 2009–2010 through 2013–2014 and the 2011–2012 through 2013–2014 academic years, respectively, participated. Collegiate student-athletes participating in men's and women's ice hockey were also included.Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program and the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network were analyzed. Injury counts, rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), and rate ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: A total of 11 899 and 30 122 NTL injuries were reported in collegiate and high school student-athletes, respectively. The proportion of NTL injuries in high school student-athletes (80.3%) was 1.61 times greater than that of collegiate student-athletes (49.9%; 95% CI = 1.59, 1.63). The NTL injury rate in high school student-athletes (8.75/1000 athlete-exposures [AEs]) was 2.18 times greater than that of collegiate student-athletes (4.02/1000 AEs; 95% CI = 2.13, 2.22). Men's ice hockey (5.27/1000 AEs) and boys' football (11.94/1000 AEs) had the highest NTL injury rates among collegiate and high school athletes, respectively. Commonly injured body parts in collegiate and high school student-athletes were the hip/thigh/upper leg (17.5%) and hand/wrist (18.2%), respectively. At both levels, contusions, sprains, and strains were the most frequent diagnoses. Contact with another player was the most cited injury mechanism (college = 38.0%, high school = 46.3%).Conclusions: Non–time-loss injuries compose large proportions of collegiate and high school sports injuries. However, the NTL injury rate was higher in high school than in collegiate student-athletes. Tracking NTL injuries will help to better describe the breadth of injuries sustained by athletes and managed by athletic trainers.
Progressive HIV infection in the presence of a raised CD4+ count: HIV/HTLV-1 co-infection
Authors: Haeri Mazanderani Ahmad Farid , Ebrahim Osman 
Published: March 2017

There are a number of pathophysiological causes for a normal or raised CD4 count in the context of progressive HIV infection. These include various co-infections, previous splenectomy, and lymphoproliferative disorders. Such circumstances can both confound HIV diagnosis and delay initiation of chemoprophylaxis and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We describe the case of a patient co-infected with HIV and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) who, prior to HAART initiation, was found to have progressive immune deficiency associated with a raised CD4 count.
Representación del Otro en publicidad social: Análisis publicidad gráfica en redes sociales de ONGD
Authors: Arely Donis Claudia , Martín Casado Teresa Gema 
Published: March 2017

Este artículo presenta el discurso y la representación del Otro en la publicidad social, entendiendo al “Otro” como cualquier colectivo, grupo social o cultural a quien se refieran en el mensaje publicitario de las ONGD. Se exponen las características con las cuales en las últimas décadas se ha representado en la publicidad social a poblaciones que se encuentren en alguna situación de vulnerabilidad, exclusión o pertenezcan colectivos o grupos minoritarios.A través de un análisis de contenido se hace un registro de la publicidad social gráfica que hace referencia a la representación del Otro por parte de ONGD españolas, publicados en redes sociales entre los años 2011-2016. De acuerdo a la cantidad de publicaciones, se relaciona el sector de vinculación de las organizaciones y se analiza si existen diferencias en sus representaciones, así como el tipo de discurso que exponen en sus mensajes publicitarios sobre estos grupos. Con los resultados se pretende comprobar, a través de un análisis crítico del discurso y de la imagen, si se legitiman relaciones sociales de subordinación entre y hacia grupos sociales o culturales representados en los mensajes.
Physiological values of some blood indicators in selected dwarf rabbit breeds
Authors: Šimek V. , Zapletal D. , Straková E. , Pavlík A. , Suchý P. 
Published: March 2017

<p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breed on haematological and biochemical indicators in 3 dwarf rabbit breeds. In the experiment, 30 sexually intact dwarf rabbit females aged 6 mo were used. With the sole exception of white blood cells and haematocrit value, breed had the most significant effect on the majority of haematological indicators monitored. The red blood cell count was higher in the Dwarf Lop compared to the Netherland Dwarf (+1.91×10<sup>12</sup> cells/L; P&lt;0.05) and also the Teddy Dwarf (+1.32×10<sup>12</sup> cells/L; P&lt;0.05). For haemoglobin concentration, a higher value was found in the Netherland Dwarf than in the Teddy Dwarf (+39.29 g/L; P&lt;0.05) and the Dwarf Lop (+26.36 g/L; P&lt;0.05). For erythrocytic indicators, the highest values of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were found in the Netherland Dwarf. The breed had a significant effect on the urea and potassium values. A higher value of urea was recorded in the Dwarf Lop compared to the Teddy Dwarf (+1.56 mmol/L; P&lt;0.05). For potassium, a higher value was found in the Netherland Dwarf compared to the Teddy Dwarf (+0.85 mmol/L; P&lt;0.05). In addition, a significantly positive correlation (P&lt;0.05) was found between the live weight of dwarf females and values of haematocrit (0.49), albumin (0.54), alanine aminotransferase (0.51), and aspartate aminotransferase (0.41), while a significantly negative correlation (P&lt;0.05) was found between their live weight and values of triacylglycerols (–0.44), alkaline phosphatase (–0.38) and inorganic phosphorus (–0.52). </p>
Progression of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 upon vaccination in an industrial rabbitry: a laboratorial approach
Authors: Carvalho C.L. , Duarte E.L. , Monteiro J.M. , Afonso C. , Pacheco J. , Carvalho P. , Mendonça P. , Botelho A. , Albuquerque T. , Themudo P. , Fevereiro M. , Henriques A.M. , Santos Barros S.S. , Dias Duarte M. 
Published: March 2017

<p>Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) emerged recently in several European countries, leading to extensive economic losses in the industry. In response to this new infection, specific inactivated vaccines were developed in Europe and full and rapid setup of protective immunity induced by vaccination was reported. However, data on the efficacy of these vaccines in an ongoing-infection scenario is unavailable. In this study we investigated an infected RHDV2 indoor industrial meat rabbitry, where fatalities continued to occur after the implementation of the RHDV2 vaccination, introduced to control the disease. The aim of this study was to understand if these mortalities were RHDV2-related, to discover if the dead animals showed any common features such as age or time distance from vaccination, and to identify the source of the outbreak. Anatomo-pathological analysis of vaccinated animals with the virus showed lesions compatible with systemic haemorrhagic disease and RHDV2-RNA was detected in 85.7% of the animals tested. Sequencing of the <em>vp60</em> gene amplified from liver samples led to the recognition of RHDV2 field strains demonstrating that after the implementation of vaccination, RHDV2 continued to circulate in the premises and to cause sporadic deaths. A nearby, semi-intensive, RHDV2 infected farm belonging to the same owner was identified as the most probable source of the virus. The main risk factors for virus introduction in these two industries were identified. Despite the virus being able to infect a few of the vaccinated rabbits, the significant decrease in mortality rate observed in vaccinated adult rabbits clearly reflects the efficacy of the vaccination. Nonetheless, the time taken to control the infection also highlights the importance of RHDV2 vaccination prior to the first contact with the virus, highly recommendable in endemic areas, to mitigate the infection’s impact on the industry.</p>
Effect of dietary organic zinc sources on growth performance, incidence of diarrhoea, serum and tissue zinc concentrations, and intestinal morphology in growing rabbits
Authors: Yan J.Y. , Zhang G.W. , Zhang C. , Tang L. , Kuang S.Y. 
Published: March 2017

<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary organic zinc (Zn) sources on growth performance, the incidence of diarrhoea, serum and tissue Zn concentration, and intestinal morphology in growing rabbits. A total of 120 New Zealand White rabbits aged 35 d and with an initial body weight of 755±15 g, were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups for a 49 d feeding trial. Dietary treatments were designed with different Zn supplements as follows: (1) Control group: 80 mg/kg Zn as ZnSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;; (2) ZnLA group: 80 mg/kg Zn as Zn lactate; (3) ZnMet group: 80 mg/kg Zn as Zn methionine; (4) ZnGly group: 80 mg/kg Zn as Zn glycine. The results showed that, when compared with rabbits fed ZnSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, supplementation with ZnLA improved (P&lt;0.05) growth performance and led to a lower (P&lt;0.01) incidence of diarrhoea. ZnLA supplement increased the liver Zn concentration (58.97 vs. 46.59 mg/g; P&lt;0.05) compared with rabbits fed ZnSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. Supplementing with ZnLA increased duodenum villi height (681.63 vs. 587.14 μm, P&lt;0.05) and decreased duodenum crypt depth (141.69 vs. 168.91 μm; P&lt;0.05) when compared to that of the control group. However, experimental results obtained ZnMet and ZnGly supplementation were no significantly different to ZnSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, except that feeding ZnMet led to higher (P&lt;0.05) Zn concentrations in serum and liver than rabbits fed ZnSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. The results indicated that supplementation with 80 mg/kg Zn as ZnLA could improve growth performance, increase liver Zn concentration and enhance duodenum morphology, while reducing the incidence of diarrhoea in growing rabbits.</p>
A Study of Correlation between Subjective Sensation of Nose Block and Objective Assessment of Nasal Patency by Cold Spatula Test in a Patient with Nose Block
Authors: Kapadia Parth B , Chaudhari Anand V , Contractor Jaymin A , Patel Rahul B , Patel Jalpa A 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
The complaint of a nose block is often a complex clinical problem by itself. There is no consensus about the value of objective measurements of nasal patency. However, the perception of nasal airflow ultimately is a subjective sensation and, therefore, difficult to quantify. In this study, we have objectively evaluated 75 patients coming to our institute with the complaint of nose block. The mean area of air blast of both the nasal cavities of each patient was calculated by cold spatula test using modified “Glatzel mirror (GM),” and the subjective sensation of nose block was compared on each visit. We observed that both medical and surgical interventions objectively did improve the area of air blast in both unilateral and bilateral nose block patients. This also correlated with the increase in subjective sensation of relief from nose block in the patients. Thus, we could conclude that in patients with nose block, both medical and surgical interventions improved the area of air blast (p < 0.001), which correlated with the subjective sensation of relief in nose block. Thus, in standard conditions, cold spatula test using modified GM can be used to objectively evaluate the nasal patency.

How to cite this article
Kapadia PB, Chaudhari AV, Contractor JA, Patel RB, Suratwala JN, Patel JA. A Study of Correlation between Subjective Sensation of Nose Block and Objective Assessment of Nasal Patency by Cold Spatula Test in a Patient with Nose Block. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(1):1-5.
Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Lateral Nasal Wall: An Unusual Entity
Authors: Bhardwaj Aparna , Rathi Sonam 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTPleomorphic adenomas occurring in the nasal cavity are rarely encountered; nevertheless, the abundance of minor seromucinous glands in that region is seen. Most cases present with a painless, slowly progressing unilateral nasal obstruction, a nasal mass, and epistaxis. Herewith, we present an unusual case of pleomorphic adenoma arising from the lateral wall of right nasal cavity in a 41-year-old male, who complained of right nasal obstruction with no history of epistaxis. Rigid nasal endoscopy revealed a swelling continuous with right inferior concha. Computed tomography showed a well-defined, soft tissue mass in the right nasal cavity. The lesion was completely excised endoscopically. Histopathology confirmed a pleomorphic adenoma consisting of epithelial and mesenchymal elements. Wide exposure is crucial for complete excision with negative margins to achieve positive outcome and to prevent recurrence.How to cite this articlePandey AK, Bhardwaj A, Maithani T, Rathi S. Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Lateral Nasal Wall: An Unusual Entity. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(1):11-13.
Ectopic Inferior Orbital Meningioma
Authors: Ahuja Chirag , Gupta Pankaj , Kumar Abiraj , Moharana Bruttendu , Vaiphei Kim 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTAimTo present a unique case of ectopic orbital meningioma presenting in anteroinferior part of orbit.IntroductionPrimary orbital meningiomas arise from the optic nerve sheath and constitute 10 to 30% of orbital meningiomas. Secondary orbital meningiomas represent 70 to 90% of orbital meningiomas and are the direct extension of intracranial meningiomas into the orbit. Rarely, ectopic rests of arachnoid cells give rise to meningiomas separate from optic nerve sheath. Ectopic orbit meningioma is a rare tumor arising from ectopic arachnoidal tissue. The present case report describes an elderly patient with ectopic orbital meningioma in anteroinferior quadrant.Case reportA 70-year-old female patient presented with slowly growing mass in the inferior part of right orbit. This lesion was firm in consistency and not fixed to skin or bone. Computed tomography scan showed a homogeneous mass lesion in anteroinferior part of right orbit without any bony changes. The orbital mass was excised. Anatomic-pathologic evaluation of the excised specimen revealed a benign meningioma of a meningotheliomatous type.ConclusionEctopic orbital meningioma may present in elderly patients in anteroinferior orbit.Clinical significanceAn ectopic orbital meningioma should be considered in differential diagnosis of firm orbital mass presenting in anteroinferior orbit.How to cite this articleGupta P, Kumar A, Moharana B, Vaiphei K, Ahuja C. Ectopic Inferior Orbital Meningioma. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(1):32-35.
An Immunocompetent Patient with Isolated Cryptococcosis of the Nasal Cavity: Surgical Treatment without Systemic Antifungal Agents
Authors: Park Seong K , Kim Do H 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
The mode of cryptococcal transmission to humans is believed to be through inhalation of aerosolized droppings, which cause asymptomatic pulmonary granulomata in immunocompetent patients. Extrapulmonary infections have been associated with various immunocompromised states, and these infections are relatively rare in immunocompetent patients. In general, cryp tococcal sinus infections are treated with surgical intervention and administration of systemic antifungal agents. However, there is doubt that systemic antifungal agents are necessary in immunocompetent patients with no complications. We report an otherwise healthy woman with cryptococcosis of the nasal cavity who was treated surgically without systemic antifungal agents.

How to cite this article
Park SK, Kim DH. An Immunocom petent Patient with Isolated Cryptococcosis of the Nasal Cavity: Surgical Treatment without Systemic Antifungal Agents. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(1):36-38.
Ringertz Tumor with Malignant Transformation
Authors: Prinja Sumit , Davessar Jai L , Luthra Heera 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
An inverted papilloma is a benign tumor that is found in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. Inverted papilloma accounts for approximately 0.5 to 2.0% of all nasal tumors. While it is considered benign, an inverted papilloma can destroy the surrounding bone. In a small number of cases (5-15%), an inverted papilloma may be found with a squamous cell carcinoma; one such case is reported.

Case report
A 70-year-old male presented with complaints of right-sided nasal blockage, which progressively increased over time and nasal discharge since one and half years with occasional history of epistaxis. On anterior rhinoscopic examination, there was a fleshy polypoidal mass filling the right nasal cavity. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a soft tissue density mass filling maxillary sinus and posterior choana with mild enhancement. Endoscopic medial maxillectomy was performed with complete removal of mass. Histopathological diagnosis was given as inverted sinonasal papilloma with malignant transformation. The patient was referred to a cancer reference center for treatment and received combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Patient was disease free at 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion
An inverted papilloma is a benign tumor with a propensity for malignant change. For these reasons, inverted papilloma should be treated like malignant tumor of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

How to cite this article
Prinja S, Davessar JL, Luthra H, Kaur M. Ringertz Tumor with Malignant Transformation. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(1):39-41.
Influence of Mechanical and Chemical Degradation in the Surface Roughness, Gloss, and Color of Microhybrid Composites
Authors: Lemos Cleidiel AA , Mauro Silvio J , dos Santos Paulo H , Briso André LF , Fagundes Ticiane C 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of different degradations on the roughness, gloss, and color changes of microhybrid composites.

Materials and methods
Ten specimens were prepared for Charisma, Amelogen Plus, Point 4, and Opallis resins. Surfaces were polished and baseline measurements of roughness, gloss, and color were recorded. Specimens were then submitted to chemical and mechanical challenges, and the specimens were reevaluated. Roughness and gloss were analyzed by Kruskal – Wallis and Dunn's test (p < 0.05). Color change (ΔE) was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's tests (p < 0.05). The initial and final data were compared using the Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05). Spearman test checked the correlation between the roughness and gloss (p < 0.05).

Results
Regarding surface roughness and gloss, there was no difference between composites before challenges. However, all composites showed a significant increase of roughness after challenges, with highest values for Charisma. The gloss was influenced by challenges, evidencing the best gloss for Point 4. Charisma showed the highest value of color change. There was no correlation between surface roughness and gloss for the initial analysis, and after the challenges.

Conclusion
Composites were influenced by association of challenges, and Charisma showed the highest changes for roughness, gloss, and color.

Clinical significance
The type of composite resin influenced the properties of materials, which are surface roughness, gloss, and color change. The dentist should be aware of the performance of different brands, to choose the correct required composite resin for each type of patient or region to be restored.

How to cite this article
Lemos CAA, Mauro SJ, dos Santos PH, Briso ALF, Fagundes TC. Influence of Mechanical and Chemical Degradation in the Surface Roughness, Gloss, and Color of Microhybrid Composites. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(4):283-288.
Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite on Push-out Bond Strength of Four Calcium Silicate-based Endodontic Materials when used for repairing Perforations on Human Dentin: An in vitro Evaluation
Authors: Alsubait Sara A 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the push-out bond strength of NeoMTA Plus (NMTA), EndoSequence root repair material fast set putty (ERRMF), biodentine (BD), and ProRoot white mineral trioxide aggregate (PMTA) when used as perforation repair materials after exposure to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) during the early setting phase.

Materials and methods
Horizontal midroot sections were prepared from single-rooted human teeth. Sections (n = 144) were randomly divided into four groups: PMTA, BD, NMTA, and ERRMF. Materials were condensed and allowed to set for 10 minutes. The groups were further divided into two subgroups. The NaOCl group included specimens that were immersed in 2.5% NaOCl for 30 minutes, and the control group included specimens on which a wet cotton pellet was placed over the test material. After 48 hours, the highest force applied to the materials at the time of dislodgement was recorded. Slices were then examined under a digital microscope to evaluate the nature of the bond failure. The surfaces of two specimens from each subgroup were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed with two-way and one-way analysis of variances, independent t-tests, and chi-square tests. The statistical significance was set at 0.05.

Results
In NaOCl-treated groups, PMTA showed a significantly higher push-out bond strength than the other three materials (p = 0.00). In the control groups, the bond strength of BD was significantly higher than that of PMTA, ERRMF, and NMTA (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, NaOCl treatment significantly increased the push-out bond strength of PMTA (p = 0.00) and ERRMF (p = 0.00) and significantly reduced the bond strength of BD (p = 0.00) and NMTA (p = 0.03). None of the specimens showed an adhesive type of failure. The majority of the samples exhibited a cohesive failure type. Morphological observations revealed that the surfaces exhibited cubic crystals. In ERRMF, the crystals were few in number. Sodium hypochlorite enhanced the crystallization of NMTA.

Conclusion
The push-out bond strengths of PMTA and ERRMF were significantly increased after exposure to 2.5% NaOCl in the early setting phase, and those of BD and NMTA were significantly decreased.

Clinical Significance
The results of the present study suggest that early exposure of NaOCl increase the push-out bond strength of PMTA and ERRMF. PMTA had the highest push-out values. Therefore, it would be a potentially useful perforation repair material for single visit endodontic treatment.

How to cite this article
Alsubait SA. Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite on Push-out Bond Strength of Four Calcium Silicate-based Endodontic Materials when used for repairing Perforations on Human Dentin: An in vitro Evaluation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(4):289-294.