bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mobile sensor network to map carbon dioxide emissions in urban environments
Authors: Lee Joseph K. , Christen Andreas , Ketler Rick , Nesic Zoran 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. A method for directly measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions using a mobile sensor network in cities at fine spatial resolution was developed and tested. First, a compact, mobile system was built using an infrared gas analyzer combined with open-source hardware to control, georeference, and log measurements of CO2 mixing ratios on vehicles (car, bicycles). Second, two measurement campaigns, one in summer and one in winter (heating season) were carried out. Five mobile sensors were deployed within a 1 × 12. 7 km transect across the city of Vancouver, BC, Canada. The sensors were operated for 3.5 h on pre-defined routes to map CO2 mixing ratios at street level, which were then averaged to 100  ×  100 m grid cells. The averaged CO2 mixing ratios of all grids in the study area were 417.9 ppm in summer and 442.5 ppm in winter. In both campaigns, mixing ratios were highest in the grid cells of the downtown core and along arterial roads and lowest in parks and well vegetated residential areas. Third, an aerodynamic resistance approach to calculating emissions was used to derive CO2 emissions from the gridded CO2 mixing ratio measurements in conjunction with mixing ratios and fluxes collected from a 28 m tall eddy-covariance tower located within the study area. These measured emissions showed a range of −12 to 226 CO2 ha−1 h−1 in summer and of −14 to 163 kg CO2 ha−1 h−1 in winter, with an average of 35.1 kg CO2 ha−1 h−1 (summer) and 25.9 kg CO2 ha−1 h−1 (winter). Fourth, an independent emissions inventory was developed for the study area using buildings energy simulations from a previous study and routinely available traffic counts. The emissions inventory for the same area averaged to 22.06 kg CO2 ha−1 h−1 (summer) and 28.76 kg CO2 ha−1 h−1 (winter) and was used to compare against the measured emissions from the mobile sensor network. The comparison on a grid-by-grid basis showed linearity between CO2 mixing ratios and the emissions inventory (R2 = 0. 53 in summer and R2 = 0. 47 in winter). Also, 87 % (summer) and 94 % (winter) of measured grid cells show a difference within ±1 order of magnitude, and 49 % (summer) and 69 % (winter) show an error of less than a factor 2. Although associated with considerable errors at the individual grid cell level, the study demonstrates a promising method of using a network of mobile sensors and an aerodynamic resistance approach to rapidly map greenhouse gases at high spatial resolution across cities. The method could be improved by longer measurements and a refined calculation of the aerodynamic resistance.
Femoral Neck Fractures in Adults Treated With Internal Fixation: A Prospective Multicenter Chinese Cohort
Authors: Slobogean Gerard P. , Stockton David J. , Zeng Bingfang , Wang Dong , Ma Bao-tong , Pollak Andrew N. 
Published: March 2017

Introduction:
Although femoral neck fractures in young patients are rare and their complications are well-documented, there is a paucity of data on patient-reported outcomes for this population. The purpose of this study was to describe the quality of life and the effect of clinical complications on the outcomes of young patients with femoral neck fractures in a Chinese cohort.

Methods:
In this prospective observational cohort study, patients aged 18 to 55 years admitted to one of three participating trauma hospitals in China for treatment of a femoral neck fracture were recruited. The primary outcome was the patient’s health-related quality of life using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey at 1 year after injury. Associations between the primary outcome and potential predictors were explored with univariate and multivariate regression analysis.

Results:
One hundred seven patients (mean age, 44 years) completed 1-year follow-up. Nearly all patients were treated with closed reduction and screw fixation. Nine cases of nonunion, 7 cases of malunion, and 11 cases of osteonecrosis were identified. The mean SF-36 Physical Component Score was 48.6 ± 8.5, and the mean Mental Component Score was 51.0 ± 7.4. Fracture displacement, quality of reduction, and nonunion were associated with a poor Physical Component Score outcome.

Discussion:
Our results demonstrate that the quality of life for patients after closed reduction and screw fixation of femoral neck fractures is similar to that of the general population, particularly when complications of nonunion and malunion are avoided.

Level of Evidence:
Level I
New-Generation Thromboelastography: Comprehensive Evaluation of Citrated and Heparinized Blood Sample Storage Effect on Clot-Forming Variables
Authors: Dias Joao D. , Haney Elaine I. , Mathew Blesy A. , Lopez-Espina Carlos G. , Orr Adrian W. , Popovsky Mark A. 
Published: March 2017

Context.—Thromboelastography (TEG) is a whole blood, real-time analyzer measuring the viscoelastic properties of the hemostasis process and allowing for individualized goal-directed therapy. However, routine use of TEG requires validation of sample storage effect on clot parameters.Objectives.—To establish the minimum time required for equilibration time and the maximum time for sample storage for all commercially available TEG tests for the new-generation TEG 6s and to determine how those times compare with the older generation TEG 5000.Design.—Citrated and heparinized whole blood samples obtained from 20 healthy donors were analyzed for clot parameters at multiple time points for both the TEG 6s and the TEG 5000. Samples were activated with the citrated multichannel cartridge or the platelet-mapping cartridge in the TEG 6s or with recalcified kaolin in the TEG 5000.Results.—All blood samples yielded TEG parameter results within reference ranges and had a tendency toward hypercoagulable profiles with increased storage time. Sample storage resulted in increased platelet inhibition with significant differences at 4 hours in the platelet-mapping cartridge (arachidonic acid percentage of inhibition, P = .002; adenosine diphosphate percentage of inhibition, P = .02).Conclusions.—For nonemergent cases or in a central laboratory setting, all tests provided reliable results for up to 4 hours in the citrated multichannel cartridge and for 3 hours for platelet function information in the platelet-mapping cartridge. In emergent/urgent situations in which the sample needs to be run immediately, RapidTEG and functional fibrinogen tests may be preferred.
P2X7 antagonism using Brilliant Blue G reduces body weight loss and prolongs survival in female SOD1G93Aamyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice
Authors: Bartlett Rachael , Sluyter Vanessa , Watson Debbie , Sluyter Ronald , Yerbury Justin J. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease characterised by the accumulation of aggregated proteins, microglia activation and motor neuron loss. The mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and disease progression in ALS are unknown, but the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor channel is implicated in this disease. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine P2X7 in the context of neurodegeneration, and investigate whether the P2X7 antagonist, Brilliant Blue G (BBG), could alter disease progression in a murine model of ALS.MethodsHuman SOD1G93Atransgenic mice, which normally develop ALS, were injected with BBG or saline, three times per week, from pre-onset of clinical disease (62–64 days of age) until end-stage. During the course of treatment mice were assessed for weight, clinical score and survival, and motor coordination, which was assessed by rotarod performance. Various parameters from end-stage mice were assessed as follows. Motor neuron loss and microgliosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Relative amounts of lumbar spinal cord SOD1 and P2X7 were quantified by immunoblotting. Serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was measured by ELISA. Splenic leukocyte populations were assessed by flow cytometry. Relative expression of splenic and hepatic P2X7 mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Lumbar spinal cord SOD1 and P2X7 were also quantified by immunoblotting in untreated female SOD1G93Amice during the course of disease.ResultsBBG treatment reduced body weight loss in SOD1G93Amice of combined sex, but had no effect on clinical score, survival or motor coordination. BBG treatment reduced body weight loss in female, but not male, SOD1G93Amice. BBG treatment also prolonged survival in female, but not male, SOD1G93Amice, extending the mean survival time by 4.3% in female mice compared to female mice treated with saline. BBG treatment had no effect on clinical score or motor coordination in either sex. BBG treatment had no major effect on any end-stage parameters. Total amounts of lumbar spinal cord SOD1 and P2X7 in untreated female SOD1G93Amice did not change over time.DiscussionCollectively, this data suggests P2X7 may have a partial role in ALS progression in mice, but additional research is required to fully elucidate the contribution of this receptor in this disease.
Synergistic Engineering of Dopant and Support of Ru Oxide Catalyst Enables Ultrahigh Performance for Acidic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Boakye Felix Ofori , Harrath Karim , Zhang Dantong , You Ya , Zhang Wenbin , Wang Zheng , Zhang Haining , Zhu Jiexin , Long Juncai , Zhu Jianqiu , Yasin Ghulam , Owusu Kwadwo Asare , Tabish Mohammad , Zhang Linjuan , Wang Dingsheng , Shi Xiaofeng , Jiang Zhongyi , Wu Bin , Mai Liqiang , Zhao Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractActive and robust electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are of crucial importance for efficient proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEM‐WE). Ruthenium (Ru) oxide has attracted considerable attention due to its high activity. However, the unsatisfying stability of Ru oxide in acidic OER environments hinders the application. Here, Ce‐doped RuO2 nanoparticles are designed and supported on Co─N─C material (Ce@RuO2/CoNC) for acidic OER. It is demonstrated that Ce@RuO2/CoNC delivers a super low overpotential of 150 mV and an excellent stability of 1000 h at 10 mA cm−2, outperforming most previously reported Ru‐based catalysts. The mass activity is estimated as 2365.5 AgRu−1 at 1.5 V (vs RHE), representing ≈2× advance compared to the best prior study. Furthermore, applied in a single‐cell PEM‐WE device, it can steadily operate for 1000 h at 200 mA cm−2. The studies show that Ce‐doping and Co─N─C support synergistically enhance the activity and stability of Ru oxide by optimizing the free energies of OER intermediates and suppressing the dissolution of Ru.
Cerebral small vessel injury in mice with damage to ACE2‐expressing cerebral vascular endothelial cells and post COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Lu Jieping , Zuo Xin , Cai Aoling , Xiao Fang , Xu Zhenyu , Wang Rui , Miao Chenjian , Yang Chen , Zheng Xingxing , Wang Jie , Ding Xiaoling , Xiong Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is expressed in cerebral vascular endothelial cells (CVECs), has been currently identified as a functional receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2.METHODSWe specifically induced injury to ACE2‐expressing CVECs in mice and evaluated the effects of such targeted damage through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cognitive behavioral tests. In parallel, we recruited a single‐center cohort of COVID‐19 survivors and further assessed their brain microvascular injury based on cognition and emotional scales, cranial MRI scans, and blood proteomic measurements.RESULTSHere, we show an array of pathological and behavioral alterations characteristic of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in mice that targeted damage to ACE2‐expressing CVECs, and COVID‐19 survivors. These CSVD‐like manifestations persist for at least 7 months post‐recovery from COVID‐19.DISCUSSIONOur findings suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 may induce cerebral small vessel damage with persistent sequelae, underscoring the imperative for heightened clinical vigilance in mitigating or treating SARS‐CoV‐2‐mediated cerebral endothelial injury throughout infection and convalescence.Highlights
Cerebral small vessel disease–associated changes were observed after targeted damage to angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2–expressing cerebral vascular endothelial cells.
SARS‐CoV‐2 may induce cerebral small vessel damage with persistent sequelae.
Clinical vigilance is needed in preventing SARS‐CoV‐2–induced cerebral endothelial damage during infection and recovery.
Light‐Driven Site‐Selective Glycosylation of Native Carbohydrates
Authors: Pacheco João A. , Candeias Nuno R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarbohydrates constitute the largest source of biomass on Earth, but their synthetic modification is challenging due to their high content in oxygen functionalities. The site‐ and stereoselective modification of native sugars is a definite goal of glycochemistry research. Recent efforts to bypass the need for protecting groups, leveraging selective activation through photochemical mechanisms for site‐selective C−C bond formation from native sugars, are likely to largely impact all glycochemistry‐related areas. Davis, Koh, and co‐workers have recently presented their use of photocatalysis to develop a “cap and glycosylate” approach for the site‐ and stereoselective C‐glycosylation of native sugars. A modernized direct radical functionalization of in situ formed thioglycoside using photocatalysis was used in the synthetic manipulation of unprotected carbohydrates. This allowed reaching complex saccharides, and post‐translational modification of proteins.
Front Cover, Volume 141, Issue 42
Authors: Ge Jin , Cheng Xiang , Rong Lihan , Cao Peng‐Fei , Caldona Eugene B. , Advincula Rigoberto 
Published: October 2024

The cover image is based on the Article A magnetic‐directed micro‐particle with near‐IR light triggered guest‐release property by Jin Ge et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56110.
image
The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of curcumin following inhalation administration in rats—A comparative analysis with oral and intravenous routes
Authors: Hu Yue , Sheng Yunhua , Liu Ping , Sun Jie , Tang Liming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA sensitive and simple method using ultra‐liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) was developed and validated to determine the concentration of curcumin in rat plasma and tissue samples. Emodin was selected as the internal standard (IS), and biological samples were pretreated with simple one‐step acetonitrile precipitation. The calibration curves exhibited linearity within the range of 1–1000 ng/ml for both rat plasma and tissue samples. The accuracy and precision of intra‐day as well as inter‐day determinations ranged from 99.3% to 117.3% and from 98.2% to 105.1%, respectively. This method demonstrated excellent recovery rates ranging from 76.4% to 96.4% along with minimal matrix effect ranging from 86.5% to 99.6%. The effectiveness of this method was successfully demonstrated through its application in an in vivo pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study after single administration via inhalation (100 mg/kg), oral gavage (100 mg/kg) and intravenous injection (2.5 mg/kg) of curcumin in rats. The results revealed that inhalation significantly improved the bioavailability of curcumin, with most of the drug being deposited in the lung. These findings highlight inhalation as an effective route for targeted delivery of drugs directly into lung tissues, thus suggesting potential future applications for treating pulmonary diseases utilizing inhaled curcumin.
Evaluation of various polysaccharide‐based stationary phases for enantioseparation of chloro‐containing derivatives in normal phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Ghinet Alina , Furman Christophe , Zubaş Andreea , Apostol Georgiana , Nica Adrian Sorin , Lipka Emmanuelle 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSix polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases were screened to separate the enantiomers of six chloro‐containing derivatives and one derivative bearing electron donating mesomeric substituents, chosen for comparison. These compounds are expected to be P2X7 receptor antagonists with potential anti‐inflammatory activity. The study was carried out with four different mobile phases composed of n‐heptane and ethanol or isopropanol. Thus, a total of 168 experiments were implemented to find the best conditions aimed at scaling‐up the separation of these anti‐inflammatory compounds. Chiralpak AD‐H separated half of them, i.e., 1, 2, and 6; Chiralpak AS separated also three out of the six compounds, i.e., 1, 2, and 3; Lux Cellulose‐5 separated 2, 4, and 6; Lux Cellulose‐2 separated 1, 2, and 4; Chiralcel OD‐H separated compounds 2 and 5; and finally Chiralcel OJ separated only 3, thus having the lowest rate of success. Additionally, the influence of (i) the stationary and mobile phases and (ii) the chemical structure of the analytes on retention and resolution was investigated.
Carob Seeds as a Source of Bioactive Flavonoid Derivatives: Isolation, Network Pharmacology‐Guided Anti‐Cancer Activity, and HPLC Standardization
Authors: Khalil Asmaa M. , Fayek Nesrin M. , Sabry Omar M. , El Zalabani Soheir M. , Mohamed Ahmed F. , El‐Askary Hesham I. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarob, Ceratonia siliqua L. (CS), is a legume well‐known for its edible pod pulp. Its seeds are used almost exclusively as a source of the food additive E410. Although a variety of metabolites have been identified by HPLC and LC–MS analysis in CS, reports concerned with their isolation are scarce. In this study, two flavonoid derivatives were isolated from the methanolic extract of CS seeds, namely, quercetin‐3‐O‐rhamnoside and 4′‐p‐hydroxybenzoylisorhamnetin‐3,7‐di‐O‐rhamnoside. Network pharmacology was unusually used as a guide for estimation of the biological potential of the isolated compounds. Finally, the methanolic extract of CS seeds and its ethyl acetate fraction were standardized for their 4′‐p‐hydroxybenzoylisorhamnetin‐3,7‐di‐O‐rhamnoside content by HPLC. The identified isolates displayed the ability to interfere with the activity of several target proteins associated with renal and colon cancers. Their cytotoxic effect on renal and colorectal cancer cell lines was investigated in comparison to Doxorubicin. The selectivity of the isolated compounds was evaluated on normal human fetal fibroblast cell lines. The isolated 4′‐p‐hydroxybenzoylisorhamnetin‐3,7‐di‐O‐rhamnoside showed very potent cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines with the highest selectivity. CS seeds can be used as a source of bioactive flavonoid derivatives that can be incorporated in pharmaceutical industries.
Discovery of New Pyrazole‐Tosylamide Derivatives as Apoptosis Inducers Through BCL‐2 Inhibition and Caspase‐3 Activation
Authors: Kuzu Burak , Arzuk Ege 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this presented study, a series of new carbonitrile‐substituted pyrazole‐tosyl amide derivatives were designed and synthesized according to previous studies. The antiproliferative effects of the synthesized compounds on MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7, HepG2, PC‐3, and A549 cancer cell lines were assessed by MTT assay compared with non‐cancerous cells. The results demonstrate that compounds 9d, 9e, and 9f had a higher antiproliferative effect (IC50 <10 μM) against both breast cancer cells. To investigate the ability of these compounds (9d‐f) to induce apoptosis against breast cancer cells, BCL‐2 levels and Caspase‐3 activities of compound‐treated breast cancer cell lines were measured by ELISA. The results revealed that these compounds significantly inhibited the levels of anti‐apoptotic protein BCL‐2 and increased the activity of apoptotic protein Caspase‐3 in MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cells. Molecular docking studies confirmed that the selected compounds have high binding affinity towards the active site in the crystal structures of BCL‐2 and Caspase‐3. Moreover, drug‐likeness and pre‐ADMET evaluation showed that the compounds had suitable drug properties. This study may be a new milestone in terms of the promising importance of carbonitrile‐substituted pyrazole‐tosyl amide scaffolds as apoptosis‐inducing agents for cancer therapy in the future.
Solvent‐ or Base‐Controlled Diastereoselectivity and Chemoselectivity for the Reaction of Ketenimine Zwitterionic Salts
Authors: Yang Weiguang , Li Guanrong , Huang Zixin , Luo Qiaoli , Luo Hui 
Published: October 2024

Comprehensive SummaryKetenimine zwitterionic salt (KZS), a novel and stable ketenimine precursor, is still underexplored in the realm of chemical synthesis. In this study, we demonstrate the transformation of pyrrole derivatives through the cyclization of KZS with α‐aminoketones. The diastereoselectivity of this reaction is influenced by the solvent, enabling the isolation of 3‐hydroxypyrrolidine diastereomers with the highest reported dr value of 21 : 1. Furthermore, the chemoselectivity is modulated by the choice of base, yielding 2‐aminopyrrole derivatives as the major products. This research offers a sustainable approach to harnessing the potential of KZS in organic synthesis, contributing to a greener chemical process.
Attraction versus Repulsion between Methyl and Related Groups: (CH3NHCH3)2 and (CH3SeBr2CH3)2
Authors: Michalczyk Mariusz , Scheiner Steve , Zierkiewicz Wiktor 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe starting point for this work was a set of crystal structures containing the motif of interaction between methyl groups in homodimers. Two structures were selected for which QTAIM, NCI and NBO analyses suggested an attractive interaction. However, the calculated interaction energy was negative for only one of these systems. The ability of methyl groups to interact with one another is then examined by DFT calculations. A series of (CH3PnHCH3)2 homodimers were allowed to interact with each other for a range of Pn atoms N, P, As, and Sb. Interaction energies of these C⋅⋅⋅C tetrel‐bonded species were below 1 kcal/mol, but could be raised to nearly 3 kcal/mol if the C atom was changed to a heavier tetrel. A strengthening of the C⋅⋅⋅C intermethyl bonds can also be achieved by introducing an asymmetry via an electron‐withdrawing substituent on one unit and a donor on the other. The attractions between the methyl and related groups occur in spite of a coulombic repulsion between σ‐holes on the two groups. NBO, AIM, and NCI tools must be interpreted with caution as they can falsely suggest bonding when the potentials are repulsive.