bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The crystal structure of (E)-4-(3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)benzoic acid, C16H15NO4
Authors: Kirca Başak Koşar 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
C16H15NO4, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 4.9960(4) Å, b = 6.9139(5) Å, c = 20.7650(15) Å, α = 83.718(6)°, β = 84.805(6)°, γ = 78.648(6)°, V = 697.25(9) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0480, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0988, T = 296 K.
Paradox in the Woods: The Twin Destiny of Elves and Men in the Forests of Beleriand
Authors: Simonson Martin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn J. R. R. Tolkien’s tales set in the fictional region of Beleriand, the paradox of a union between immortal and mortal beings, and all that this dichotomy implies, is consistently reflected in wooded settings. At the same time, we can also discern a general direction, which will eventually bring both Elves and Men out of the dark woods and into the light in a symbolical process of enlightenment. However, the woods in the tales reflect both pitfalls and promises, making it impossible to interpret this natural environment as unequivocally positive or negative, but a mixture of both. Tolkien’s stance towards trees and forests can thus be seen as realistic rather than escapist in these tales.
Cooking and Eating Your Own Stories: (Metaphorical) Cannibalism in Margaret Atwood’sThe Robber Bride
Authors: Labudova Katarina 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Robber Brideby Margaret Atwood exposes a dangerous protagonist, Zenia, who is metaphorically introduced through images of drinking blood and eating raw meat. Her victims, Tony, Charis, and Roz, are associated with nurturing and nourishing foods: they eat together to comfort each other. Sarah Sceats’s, Fiona Tolan’s, and Jean Wyatt’s studies on feminism and female bonding in the novel have influenced this article, though it also questions the established opposition between the villainess Zenia and her victims: Zenia’s dark appetites are their own tastes for blood, revenge, and power. Zenia acts as a liberating and empowering ingredient. This article discusses the link between storytelling and cooking. I suggest that Zenia’s creative story-telling forces the women to acknowledge the darker dimension of their repressed fragments and past. Thus, they become independent and creative storytellers and cooks, just like Zenia.
Improvement of the Van Leusen reaction in the presence of β-cyclodextrin: a green and efficient synthesis of oxazoles in water
Authors: Rahimzadeh Golnaz , Kianmehr Ebrahim , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An efficient approach for the synthesis of oxazoles through the Van Leusen reaction in the presence of β-cyclodextrin is described. In aqueous medium using β-cyclodextrin as a supramolecular catalyst, tosylmethyl isocyanide was deprotonated by triethylamine and subsequently underwent an addition/cyclization reaction with aldehydes to produce corresponding oxazoles in excellent yields. This protocol improves the Van Leusen reaction with the use of catalytic amounts of base at low temperature in green media.
Creep Behavior and Long-Term Strength Characteristics of Greenschist Under Different Confining Pressures
Authors: Wang Zhen , Shen Mingrong , Gu Linlin , Zhang Feng 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Creep and long-term strength are important time-dependent behaviors of rock. To study the time-dependent behavior of hard rock under different confining pressures, conventional triaxial tests and multistage creep tests were conducted on the greenschist in the Jinping II Hydropower Station at different confining pressures. Based on the test results, the characteristics of axial, lateral, and volumetric creep were analyzed, and the creep properties under different confining pressures were also studied in detail and evaluated quantitatively by a simple model. Meanwhile, a new method is proposed by which the long-term strength can be determined using the inflection point in the isostrain-rate curve. The test results revealed that the creep was weakened and the ratio of long-term strength to instantaneous strength decreased with increasing confining pressure, during which the deformation of the rock sample transitioned from brittle to ductile. It was found that the duration of the transient creep stage decreased and the lateral strain was more sensitive to the creep stress than the axial strain when the confining pressure increased. It is also observed that the long-term strength determined by the inflection point method is consistent with those estimated by the creep rate in multistage creep tests, and the accuracy of the method proposed in this research is verified.
A New Multicoefficients Creep Model for Concrete
Authors: Zheng Wenzhong , Tang Can 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The existing creep models for concrete are usually accompanied by complex calculations or a limited application scope because the factors that influence the creep behavior of concrete are numerous. A new, multicoefficients compressive creep model for concrete was proposed. This model is suitable for humidity from 3 % to 100 %, temperature from −20°C to 80°C, effective size from 20 mm to 500 mm, loading age from 1 day to 1,000 days, compressive strength from 15 MPa to 180 MPa, and stress level η ≤ 0.76. First, creep experiments were conducted on 188 concrete prisms under controlled room conditions and humidity conditions, which included different axial compressive strengths, different theoretical stress levels, different loading ages, and different load durations. Moreover, the linear creep coefficient model was obtained by regression analysis of the linear creep experimental data. Then the correction coefficients of concrete strength, loading age, temperature, humidity, and effective size of specimen on the creep behavior of concrete were obtained by fitting the 1,148 experimental data from references. Finally, the amplification coefficient formula of nonlinear creep was obtained from the relation between nonlinear convergences and linear creep experimental data, and the proposed creep model was verified by experimental data.
Validation of a Clothing Heat Transfer Model in Nonisothermal Test Conditions
Authors: McQuerry Meredith 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHeat transfer through clothing systems can mean the difference between life and death for first responders, such as firefighters, who perform intense physical activity in extreme environmental conditions. Total heat loss (THL) is a fabric level test method required by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) to assess the thermal burden imposed by materials in the construction of turnout clothing. This methodology, however, does not account for garment fit, construction, or air layers that develop within the clothing. Instead, thermal manikins may be used to measure the THL of entire clothing systems according to ASTM test methods. Environmental test conditions between the two standard methods (fabric versus manikin) differ, creating the need for an adapted heat transfer model for manikin THL comparisons in similar environmental conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to validate the assumptions of a heat transfer model originally developed and published by Ross, Barker, and Deaton (2012) for its accuracy in predicting manikin THL in nonisothermal test conditions. Three protective clothing systems with varying levels of clothing insulation were tested for THL in both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions as well as on the sweating guarded hot plate. Predictive calculations using Ross’s heat transfer model, adapted from the original THL hot plate calculation in ASTM F1868, Standard Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate, were correlated to the actual manikin measurements taken in isothermal conditions to determine if there is any bias present in the current model.
Design and Fabrication of Jominy End-Quench Testing Machine: Hardenability Evaluation of AISI-8620 Case-Hardening Steel
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Aqib , Mehdi Muhammad , Owais Muhammad , Nasir Muhammad , Haider Syed Muhammad Kumail 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Metallurgists have long considered the hardenability evaluation because of its necessity in formulating the hardness penetration rate of alloys with reference to their cooling curves. In this work, we designed and fabricated a Jominy end-quench testing machine by following ASTM-A255, Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel, through computer-aided designing. Our design possesses the novelty of water recycling, cooling tower, water-level indicator, and facile interface, and it is compatible with the environment. A hardenability evaluation test of AISI-8620 case-hardening steel has been performed on the as-fabricated machine. The results confirmed that AISI-8620 achieved the maximum hardness of 43.6 HRC at its quenching end through water quenching. Metallographic studies reveal the formation of a sufficient amount of martensite and other microstructures such as retained austenite, bainite, sorbite, and pearlite.
Contractile reserve as a predictor of prognosis in patients with non-ischaemic systolic heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Waddingham Peter H. , Bhattacharyya Sanjeev , Van Zalen Jet , Lloyd Guy 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Objective: Patients with non-ischaemic systolic heart failure (HF) and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are a heterogenous group with varied morbidity and mortality. Prognostication in this group is challenging. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the significance of the presence of contractile reserve as assessed via stress imaging on mortality and hospitalisation.

Methods: A search for studies that non-invasively assessed contractile reserve in patients with DCM or non-ischaemic HF with reduced ejection fraction, stress imaging with follow-up data comparing outcomes. A range of imaging modalities and stressors were included. We examined primary endpoints of mortality and secondary endpoints of combined cardiovascular events including HF progression or hospitalisation. Our analysis compared endpoints in patients with contractile reserve and those without it.

Results: Nine prospective cohort studies were identified describing a total of 787 patients. These studies are methodologically but not statistically heterogenous (I
2 = 31%). Using a random effect model, the presence of contractile reserve was associated with a significantly lower risk of mortality and cardiovascular events odds ratios of 0.20 (CI 0.11, 0.39) (P < 0.00001) and 0.13 (CI 0.04, 0.40) (P = 0.0004), respectively.

Conclusion: Regardless of stressor and imaging modality and despite the significant methodological heterogeneity within the current data (imaging techniques and parameters), patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy and reduced EF who demonstrate contractile reserve have a lower mortality, and lower events/hospitalisations. The presence of contractile reserve therefore offers a potential positive prognostic indicator when managing these patients.
Concentration determination of urinary metabolites of N,N-dimethylacetamide by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yamamoto Shinobu , Matsumoto Akiko , Yui Yuko , Miyazaki Shota , Kumagai Shinji , Hori Hajime , Ichiba Masayoshi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Objectives
N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) is widely used in industry as a solvent. It can be absorbed through human skin. Therefore, it is necessary to determine exposure to DMAC via biological monitoring. However, the precision of traditional gas chromatography (GC) is low due to the thermal decomposition of metabolites in the high-temperature GC injection port. To overcome this problem, we have developed a new method for the simultaneous separation and quantification of urinary DMAC metabolites using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS).

Methods
Urine samples were diluted 10-fold in formic acid, and 1-μl aliquots were injected into the LC-MS/MS equipment. A C18 reverse-phase Octa Decyl Silyl (ODS) column was used as the analytical column, and the mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol and aqueous formic acid solution.

Results
Urinary concentrations of DMAC and its known metabolites (Nhydroxymethyl-N-methylacetamide (DMAC-OH), Nmethylacetamide (NMAC), and S-(acetamidomethyl) mercapturic acid (AMMA)) were determined in a single run. The dynamic ranges of the calibration curves were 0.05-5 mg/l (r≥0.999) for all four compounds. The limits of detection for DMAC, DMAC-OH, NMAC, and AMMA in urine were 0.04, 0.02, 0.05, and 0.02 mg/l, respectively. Within-run accuracies were 96.5% -109.6% with relative standard deviations of precision being 3.43% -10.31%.

Conclusions
The results demonstrated that the proposed method could successfully quantify low concentrations of DMAC and its metabolites with high precision. Hence, this method is useful for evaluating DMAC exposure. In addition, this method can be used to examine metabolite behaviors in human bodies after exposure and to select appropriate biomarkers.
Continuous improvement of fitness-for-duty management programs for workers engaging in stabilizing and decommissioning work at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Mori Koji , Tateishi Seiichiro , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Kobayashi Yuichi , Hiraoka Ko , Kawashita Futoshi , Hayashi Takeshi , Kiyomoto Yoshifumi , Kobashi Masaki , Fukai Kota , Tahara Hiroyuki , Okazaki Ryuji , Ogami Akira , Igari Kazuyuki , Suzuki Katsunori , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Sakai Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
Numerous workers have participated in recovery efforts following the accident that occurred at the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after the Great East Japan Earthquake. These workers, belonging to various companies, have been engaged in various tasks since the accident. Given the hazards and stress involved in these tasks and the relatively long time required to transport sick or injured workers to medical institutions, it became necessary to quickly implement a more stringent management program for fitness for duty than in ordinary work environments.

Case
It took considerable time to introduce and improve a fitness-for-duty program because of several concerns. Various efforts were conducted, sometimes triggered by guidance from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), but the implementation of the program was insufficient. In April 2016, a new program was initiated in which all primary contractors confirmed that their subcontractors had achieved five conditions for workers’ fitness for duty on the basis of guidance from the MHLW and occupational health experts. TEPCO confirmed that all primary contractors had implemented the program successfully as of the end of November 2016.

Conclusion
Following a disaster, even though the parties concerned understand the necessity of fitness-for-duty programs and that companies in high positions have responsibilities beyond their legal requirements, it is highly possible that they may hesitate to introduce such programs without guidance from the government. It is necessary to prepare a governmental framework and professional resources that introduce these stringent management programs quickly.
Health Problems and Health Care Seeking Behaviour of Rohingya Refugees
Authors: Masud Abdullah Al , Ahmed Md. Shahoriar , Sultana Mst. Rebeka , Alam S.M. Iftekhar , Kabir Russell , Arafat S.M. Yasir , Papadopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: December 2017

Background: Rohingya refugees are one of the most vulnerable group due to lack of health care system, personal hygiene, shelter, sanitation and violence.
Aim: The present study aims to find out the health problems and health care seeking behavior of rohingya refugees, to identify the socio-demographic information for such exposure group in relation to age, sex, occupation, living areas, to explore the patient’s physical, emotional, perceptions, attitudes and environmental health problems and to bring out health care seeking behavior of refugees.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 149 samples were selected conveniently for this study from the refugee camps. Data was collected by using mixed type of questionnaire. Descriptive statistic was used for data analysis which has depicted through tables, pie chart and bar chart.
Results: The finding of the study showed that 45.6% participants had multiple problems, followed by 16.8% participants who had other specific problems like musculoskeletal pain, visual problems and peptic ulcer. Urinary tract infection was the leading individual health problem with 11.4% of the sample group having it. 10.7% participants had hypertension, 6% had respiratory tract infection, 3.4% had nutrition deficiency, 4.75% had diabetes mellitus and 1.3% had sanitation & hygiene problems. Among the participants, 68.4% age ranged between 15-59 years. The study showed that, only 16.1% participants were satisfied with the quality of service they received while 37.6% participants said that they needed better services such as more laboratory test, radiological imaging, more medicine and more doctors.
Conclusion: It is clear that refugees suffered from a variety of health problems, because their living condition and environmental situation were not similar like an independent nation. Further, basic amenities like medicines and other services were not available.
Microwave-assisted Eco-Friendly Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Aryl-Triazole-1,3,4-Thiadiazols
Authors: Jaiswal Shalini , Dwivedi Smriti 
Published: December 2017

Due to the growing awareness about environmental pollution and environmental legislation, recent years have witnessed a phenomenal increase in the application of microwave irradiation (MW) in organic synthesis. Heterocyclic compounds are abundant in nature and are of great significance to life because their structural subunits exist in many natural products such as vitamins, hormones, and antibiotics; hence, they have attracted considerable attention in the design of biologically active molecules and advanced organic chemistry. The application of molecular diversity technique to drug discovery is a multidisciplinary effort in organic synthesis. Medicinal chemistry concerns with the discovery, development, interpretation and the identification of mechanism of action of biologically active compounds at the molecular level. Encouraged by above reports and as part of our research programme for development of eco-friendly synthetic protocol for biologically active compounds as well as in pursuing of our work on new solvent-free cyclisation here we report the synthesis of aryl-triazalo -1, 3, 4-thidiazoles. The one-pot reaction of mercapto-s-triazole with aromatic acid using AlCl3 as a catalyst under microwave irradiation (2-3 min) and in solvent-free condition gave aryl-triazalo -1, 3, 4-thidiazoles with improved yield is described here.
Keywords: Aryl-triazalo-1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles, Aromatic acid, AlCl3, cyclisation, S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis.
Teaching Anatomy: need or taste?
Authors: Farrokhi Ahmad , Soleymani Nejad Masoume 
Published: December 2017

Background: Anatomy is one of the core sections of Basic Medical Sciences. Given the central role of anatomy, the development of medical knowledge and reach new horizons in science is not possible without relying on anatomy. Since in the anatomy science, students are familiar with the basic terms of medical language, the anatomy's hard to know and have a negative attitude towards this course. With these conditions, anatomy professors have an important role in providing incentives for medical students. However, sometimes applying tastes and the entry of too much anatomical detail creates conditions that cut the motivation for medical students. Therefore, this article seeks to offer solutions to cut apply tasteless and coordinate the teaching of anatomy to interest and motivate medical students to increase this lesson.
Keywords: Anatomy, Medical Students.
Reviewers Acknowledgement, 1(2), May-August, 2017
Authors: [JMRI] Editor 
Published: December 2017

The Journal of Medical Research and Innovation would like to thank each and every one who has helped us to review the articles. As a small token of appreciation, we would like to mention the names of all the reviewers in random order here who have reviewed the articles for the May-August, 2017 issue. The list will be updated as when more reviewers review the articles.

Varshil Mehta
Shakti Goel
S.M. Arafat
Tushar Kunder
Elizabeth KE
Mateus De Paula Glehn
P.M. Siva
Pradeep Jadhav
Janice D'sa
Arjun Ballal
Nishant Gupta
Shyam Vora
Markus Krings
Narayani Srivastava
Jagannath Mohan
Impact of Improved Cooking Stove on Maternal Health in Rural Bangladesh: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Zaman Sojib Bin , Hossain Naznin , Khandker Salamat 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Two-thirds of all households in developing countries depend on unprocessed biomass fuel for cooking. Traditional stoves have poor combustion capacity which produce heavy smoke and numerous harmful pollutants. Switching to Improved Cooking Stove (ICS), a well-designed earthen made stove equipped with a chimney could be beneficial for health. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ICS on maternal health in rural areas of Bangladesh. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was adopted to conduct the study. This study selected 150 Households from 5 villages (intervention) and 150 Households from 2 villages (control) from the Manikgonj District of Bangladesh during January 1, 2012 to July 30, 2012. Differences between control and intervention group were examined by applying t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The conventional cut-off value of 0.05 was taken as statistical significance. Stata (version 13) was used to do the analysis. Results: Most of the respondents (62%) were less than 30 years of age. About 94% participants resided in tin-shaded houses, and 51% kitchens were small. After the intervention period, the measured mean concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) for the intervention and control group was 259 µg/m3 and 1285 µg/m3, respectively (p<0.05). However, lung function test (LFT) did not reveal significant differences between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: ICS reduced the incidence of respiratory illness among the intervention group, however, did not demonstrate significant changes in LFT during the six months of the follow-up period. Therefore, this study found ICS might have the potential to be used to improve the maternal health in rural Bangladesh. However, more longitudinal investigations are expected to demonstrate the efficacy and impact of ICS on maternal health to support the statement.