bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consolidation of a professional approach experience on motivating Computer Engineering students to the application of legal issues
Authors: Lozano Mayte , Trillo-Lado Raquel 
Published: June 2016

In previous courses, professors of the degree of ComputerScience and Software Engineering of the University of Zaragoza realised that students did not like studying materias related to Legislation and Information Systems. However, these topics are key when Computer Science and Software Engineers have to analyse, design, implement and mantain Information Systems in different environments such as enterprises, public entities, etc. because rights of users/clients of these systems must be guaranteed. So, a more appeling way to teach those topics to motivate the students to take them into account was designed.This paper describes the methodology and the main activities designed in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 courses in order to get the attention of the students on topics related to the current Spanish legislation and Information Systems. Moreover, some indicators about the performance of the students and their opinions about this new methodology are also described and analysed.
A different approach fot training student teachers using Communication and Information Technology (ICT)
Authors: Abad Alida , Rassetto Maria 
Published: June 2016

The aim of this research is to contribute to find new ways of teaching using the opportunities that Communication and information technology(ICT) give today. This contribution proposes a teaching strategy that allows students to think in a creative way and integrate technology in elementary school. This strategy consist in making the teacher student think themselves as inventors, detecting a need in society, designing and developing an invention that has not been yet patented. Creating marketing strategies for selling the product and presenting all this work in class for peers and teachers to evaluate. It was applied to student teachers during the period 2012- 2015 in a three month Seminary about the use of Technology at School. Surveys show that they are highly motivated with the methodology used at the Seminary and satisfied with the process. Most of them think that it is very useful when planning classroom work for children in elementary school. Presentations done for the seminary showed that the teacher students develop significant learning and many skills using information and communication technology (ICT) for learning purposes. Keywords: Technology, significant learning, teachers´ training
Brief Communication: Breeding vectors in the phase space reconstructed from time series data
Authors: Lynch Erin , Kaufman Daniel , Sharma A. Surjalal , Kalnay Eugenia , Ide Kayo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Bred vectors characterize the nonlinear instability of dynamical systems and so far have been computed only for systems with known evolution equations. In this article, bred vectors are computed from a single time series data using time-delay embedding, with a new technique, nearest-neighbor breeding. Since the dynamical properties of the standard and nearest-neighbor breeding are shown to be similar, this provides a new and novel way to model and predict sudden transitions in systems represented by time series data alone.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young Jenny 
Published: June 2016

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from November 1, 2015, to May 1, 2016. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Adriano MaglioccoAnna Rita Bernadette CammerinoArash RiasiAristotulus Ernst TungkaBhagawanBin YangDr Hebin LinDr. Giacomo ChiesaGehendra KharelHengky HalimImen HassenJia LiuKhan R. RahamanLiang YuManuel Mendoza-CarranzaNaeema Mohamed AlhosaniNikolay MinkovPankaj MaheshwariRawaa H AmmarSaid JaouadiTateda Masafumi
External dacryocystorhinostomy outcomes in patients with a history of dacryocystitis
Authors: Lefebvre Daniel R. , Dhar Sonya , Lee Irene , Allard Felicia , Freitag Suzanne K. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeTo investigate nonidiopathic causes of external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) failure.
MethodsThe medical records of all patients with acute or chronic dacryocystitis who underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy performed by the senior author over a 5-year period were retrospectively reviewed, with attention to microbiology, pathology, and associated medical and history.
ResultsA total of 52 lacrimal systems of 49 patients were included, with a minimum follow-up of 2 months (average, 15.5 months). Surgical success was achieved in 42 systems (87%). Of 7 failures, 6 had a condition potentially associated with an increased risk of failure, including MRSA infection, Gram-negative infection, rhinosinusitis, lymphoma, inflammatory bowel disease, and early loss of lacrimal stents.
ConclusionsExternal DCR is a successful procedure for the treatment of nasolacrimal obstruction associated with dacryocystitis. Various factors may affect surgical success, and awareness of these factors may enable better patient counseling and surgical planning.
Response to phenylephrine testing in upper eyelids with ptosis
Authors: Lee N. Grace , Lin Li-Wei , Mehta Sonia , Freitag Suzanne K. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the response of ptotic upper eyelids to topical phenylephrine 10%.
MethodsThe medical records of patients referred for ptosis evaluation over an 18-month period were retrospectively reviewed. Seventy-seven ptotic upper eyelids with aponeurotic dehiscence in 47 patients were given 1 drop of 10% phenylephrine. Margin-to-reflex distance 1 (MRD1) and levator excursion were recorded and photography of lid height was performed both pre- and 5 minutes post-phenylephrine testing.
ResultsA total of 77 ptotic upper eyelids of 47 patients were included. In 22% of lids, phenylephrine testing produced no response; in 18%, lid elevation of 0.5-1 mm; in 35%, elevation of 1.5-2 mm; and in 25%, elevation of > 2 mm. Subgroup analyses revealed a higher proportion of response in cases of mild to moderate ptosis compared with cases of severe ptosis. The amount of levator function in these cases of aponeurotic dehiscence did not correlate with the amount of response to phenylephrine.
ConclusionsA majority of ptotic eyelids, regardless of levator function, responded to topical phenylephrine, which has been demonstrated to be necessary for successful Müller’s muscle resection ptosis repair. While the severity of ptosis was linked to eyelid response to phenylephrine, the degree of levator function did not appear to affect an eyelid’s response to phenylephrine. In this study cohort, phenylephrine was shown to stimulate Müller’s muscle contraction independently of levator function.
Thin plate model for transverse mode analysis of surface acoustic wave devices
Authors: Tang Gongbin , Han Tao , Chen Jing , Zhang Benfeng , Omori Tatsuya , Hashimoto Ken-ya 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a physical model for the analysis of transverse modes in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. It is mostly equivalent to the scalar potential (SP) theory, but sufficiently flexible to include various effects such as anisotropy, coupling between multiple modes, etc. First, fundamentals of the proposed model are established and procedures for determining the model parameters are given in detailed. Then the model is implemented in the partial differential equation mode of the commercial finite element analysis software COMSOL. The analysis is carried out for an infinitely long interdigital transducer on the 128°YX-LiNbO3 substrate. As a demonstration, it is shown how the energy leakage changes with the frequency and the device design.
Can a paleodrought record be used to reconstruct streamflow?: A case study for the Missouri River Basin
Authors: Ho Michelle , Lall Upmanu , Cook Edward R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRecent advances in paleoclimatology have revealed dramatic long‐term hydroclimatic variations that provide a context for limited historical records. A notable data set derived from a relatively dense network of paleoclimate proxy records in North America is the Living Blended Drought Atlas (LBDA): a gridded tree‐ring‐based reconstruction of summer Palmer Drought Severity Index. This index has been used to assess North American drought frequency, persistence, and spatial extent over the past two millennia. Here, we explore whether the LBDA can be used to reconstruct annual streamflow. Relative to streamflow reconstructions that use tree rings within the river basin of interest, the use of a gridded proxy poses a novel challenge. The gridded series have high spatial correlation, since they rely on tree rings over a common radius of influence. A novel algorithm for reconstructing streamflow using regularized canonical regression and inputs of local and global covariates is developed and applied over the Missouri River Basin, as a test case. Effectiveness in reconstruction is demonstrated with reconstructions showing periods where streamflow deficits may have been more severe than during recent droughts (e.g., the Civil War, Dust Bowl, and 1950s droughts). The maximum persistence of droughts and floods over the past 500 years far exceeds those observed in the instrumental record and periods of multidecadal variability in the 1500s and 1600s are detected. Challenges for an extension to a national streamflow reconstruction or applications using other gridded paleoclimate data sets such as adequate spatial coverage of streamflow and applicability of annual reconstructions are discussed.
Investigation of a rare event where the polar ionospheric reverse convection potential does not saturate during a period of extreme northward IMF solar wind driving
Authors: Clauer C. Robert , Xu Zhonghua , Maimaiti M. , Ruohoneimi J. Michael , Scales Wayne , Hartinger Michael D. , Nicolls Michael J. , Kaeppler Stephen , Wilder Frederick D. , Lopez Ramon E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA variety of statistical studies have shown that the ionospheric polar potential produced by solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling is linear for weak to moderate solar wind driving but becomes nonlinear during periods of very strong driving. It has been shown that this applies to the two‐cell convection potential that develops during southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and also to the reverse convection cells that develop during northward IMF. This has been described as polar potential saturation, and it appears to begin when the driving solar wind electric field becomes greater than 3 mV/m. Utilizing measurements from the Resolute Incoherent Scatter Radar (RISR‐N), we examine ionospheric data near local noon within the reverse convection cells that developed during a period of very strong northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) on 12 September 2014. During this period we measure the electric field within the throat of the reverse convection cells to be near 150 mV/m at a time when the IMF is nearly 28 nT northward. This is far in excess of the 30–40 mV/m expected for polar potential saturation of the reverse convection cells. In fact, the development of the electric field responds linearly to the IMF Bz component throughout this period of extreme driving. The conditions in the solar wind show the solar wind velocity near 600 km/s, number density near 20 ions/cm3, and the Alfvén velocity about 75 km/s giving an Alfvén Mach number of 8. A search of several years of solar wind data shows that these values occur together 0.035% of the time. These conditions imply a high plasma β in the magnetosheath. We believe that condition of high β along with high mass density and a strong merging electric field in the magnetosheath are the significant parameters that produce the linear driving of the ionospheric electric field during this unusual period of extreme solar wind conditions. A discussion of current theories to account for cross‐polar cap potential saturation is given with the conclusion that theories that utilize magnetosheath parameters as they affect the reconnection rate appear to be the most relevant to the cross‐polar cap potential saturation solution.
Media Effects: Across and Between Cultures
Authors: Bonfadelli Heinz 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntercultural and transcultural communication constitute heterogeneous and disparate fields of communication and media studies, especially in the area of media effects research. In this entry, the structure and corresponding research questions of the topic “media effects across and between cultures” are defined and differentiated. Then follow methodological considerations and the presentation and discussion of relevant theoretical approaches from the field of media effects. Finally, the entry offers an overview of findings from existing empirical research.
Encoding and Decoding
Authors: Murdock Graham 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This entry traces the evolution of the encoding/decoding model of audience activity from its origins in early information science through its application to cultural analysis in the work of the Italian semiotician Umberto Eco to its elaboration in the influential schema proposed by Stuart Hall and developed in research on TV audiences conducted at the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. The model aimed to replace conceptions of individualized direct effects with an account of audience interpretations that grounded variations in response in differential access to socially distributed meanings systems, but its formulation of the problem and its representation of codes failed to do justice to the complexity of the relations between social location and cultural systems and were later largely displaced by research drawing on the work of Pierre Bourdieu and on discourse studies.
Materiality, Ornament, and Media Overlaps: Architecture Between Art and Building Science
Authors: Payne Alina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis chapter addresses the neglected relationship between architecture and the other arts. Materiality and crafting lay at the core of this slippage across artistic domains, as did the perennial human analogy that traverses all the arts. Exchanges between architecture and sculpture, painting/drawing, surface decorations, as well as the relationship between architecture and the portable/mobile, minor arts, such as pottery, textiles, metal and wood intarsia work come into focus here. Thus sculpted facades, carved ornaments,sgraffitodecoration on stucco walls like the human body itself as a matrix for architecture and military engineering emerge as critical sites for artistic dialogue.
The Spanish Kingdom of Southern Italy: Architecture in Naples, Lecce, L'aquila
Authors: del Pesco Daniela 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOn August 19, 1925 Walter Benjamin published inFrankfurter Zeitunga report from Naples, which was the first of a series dedicated to European cities. “Fabulous travel accounts,” he wrote, “attributed colors to a town that is grey instead, a red grey or ochre, a white‐grey. It is really grey compared to the sky and the sea.… The town is built on the rocks. Looking from the top, near Castel San Martino, where the shouts do not reach you, it lies dead in the twilight, one with the rock. You can hardly see a strip of shore and the buildings that throng together behind it.” Why should Naples, a town on the blue Mediterranean, have appeared to Benjamin gray and dead, indistinguishable from the rock on which it stands? The question, and Benjamin's acute observation, may be answered by considering the long period of Spanish supremacy over Naples between 1503 and 1707 when these conditions were determined. This was the period when the town assumed a new urban configuration that also engendered an architectural development of high quality. It is therefore as the capital city of a vast viceroyalty that Naples occupies us here. This chapter focuses on this period also because it was precisely at this time that the social and economic contradictions, problems, and tensions emerged that were to affect the city for centuries to come.
Epoxy resin‐based ultrafine dry powder coatings for implants
Authors: Hou Nicholas Y. , Zhu Jesse , Zhang Hui , Perinpanayagam Hiran 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTUltrafine dry powder coating technology creates biocompatible polymeric coatings for implants. Nanoparticles (nTiO2) modify flow to prevent agglomeration and create homogenous coatings. Since polyester‐based coatings require the potentially harmful 1,3,5‐triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) curing agent, this study's objective was to develop alternative TGIC‐free formulations. Epoxy and epoxy/polyester (1:1) hybrid mixtures were enriched with CaO (5% w/w) and nTiO2 (0.5% w/w), as functional additives and flow modifiers, respectively. Epoxy‐TiO2 and Hybrid‐TiO2 mixtures were prepared with micron‐sized TiO2 (25% w/w) to enhance biocompatibility. Polymer chips and additives were combined in a high‐shear mixer and passed through a sieve (35 µm) to yield ultrafine particles that were sprayed (20 kV) onto metal sheets and cured (200 °C). Particle size analyses showed that all formulations were ultrafine (D 0.5 < 35 µm), and epoxy/polyester/TiO2 mixtures were the smallest (D 0.5 = 16.34 µm). Angles of repose, avalanche and resting indicated reduced flowability when epoxy was enriched with TiO2 and/or polyester, although all formulae were highly flowable. Elemental mapping of coatings showed a predominance of carbon (C) and oxygen (O) from resin polymer, and elevated titanium (Ti) in the TiO2 enriched surfaces. However, calcium (Ca) clusters were higher on the epoxy/polyester Hybrid coatings. Optical microscopy showed human mesenchymal cells (ATCC CRL‐1486) attached and spread out, and Alizarin Red staining showed mineral deposits in 2–4 week cultures, particularly on epoxy/polyester/TiO2 Hybrid surfaces. These epoxy resin‐based formulations were effective TGIC‐free substitutes for ultrafine dry powder coatings on implants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43960.
RNA Extraction and Preparation in Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Yin Cui‐Cui , Ma Biao , Wang Wei , Xiong Qing , Zhao He , Chen Shou‐Yi , Zhang Jin‐Song 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThere has been a surge of interest in the molecular biology of RNA. We describe a simple, fast, and convenient protocol for isolating total RNA from rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings and young tissues/organs. RNA obtained using this method can be used for reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR), northern blot analysis, RNA‐seq, microarray analysis, cDNA library construction, etc. Technical parameters critical to the success of the extraction are presented. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genomic heterogeneity of historical gene flow between two species of newts inferred from transcriptome data
Authors: Stuglik Michał T. , Babik Wiesław 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe role of gene flow in species formation is a major unresolved issue in speciation biology. Progress in this area requires information on the long‐term patterns of gene flow between diverging species. Here, we used thousands of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms derived from transcriptome resequencing and a method modeling the joint frequency spectrum of these polymorphisms to reconstruct patterns of historical gene flow between two Lissotriton newts: L. vulgaris (Lv) and L. montandoni (Lm). We tested several models of divergence including complete isolation and various scenarios of historical gene flow. The model of secondary contact received the highest support. According to this model, the species split from their common ancestor ca. 5.5 million years (MY) ago, evolved in isolation for ca. 2 MY, and have been exchanging genes for the last 3.5 MY Demographic changes have been inferred in both species, with the current effective population size of ca. 0.7 million in Lv and 0.2 million in Lm. The postdivergence gene flow resulted in two‐directional introgression which affected the genomes of both species, but was more pronounced from Lv to Lm. Interestingly, we found evidence for genomic heterogeneity of interspecific gene flow. This study demonstrates the complexity of long‐term gene flow between distinct but incompletely reproductively isolated taxa which divergence was initiated millions of years ago.
Tropospheric moisture in the Southwest Pacific as revealed by homogenized radiosonde data: climatology and decadal trend
Authors: Li Ning , Bellon Gilles , McGregor Glenn 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTRadiosonde data are valuable to the research community because they provide observations for multiple decades and can be used to validate model output. However radiosonde data often suffer from quality issues, which has undermined their credibility. Therefore, corrections for biases and changepoints are needed to remedy the situation. Homogenization of monthly radiosonde specific humidity (q) from the 1970s to the present has been performed on selected stations over the Southwest Pacific (SWP) at three pressure levels (i.e. 850, 700 and 500 hPa). A three‐step procedure involving (1) adjustments for two sampling biases, (2) detecting secular changepoints (i.e. discontinuities) using both statistical techniques and metadata validation, and (3) an innovative break size estimate approach, has been implemented to achieve this aim. In the last step, a discontinuity‐free pseudo‐q is constructed from saturated specific humidity qs which itself is derived from an already homogenized temperature (T) time series. This pseudo‐q serves as a reference that not only distinguishes artificial from natural changepoints but also helps to estimate the magnitudes of the discontinuity. On the decadal time scale, the adjusted q (qadj) exhibits spatially more consistent moistening at the 850 hPa level over most of the region and a contrast at 500 hPa between the moistening in the tropics and a drying in the subtropical South Pacific. Mean regional trend estimates are ∼1.8% (850 hPa), −0.2% (700 hPa) and 1.3% (500 hPa) per decade. A climatological comparison with the three latest reanalysis products – CFSR, ERA‐Interim and MERRA, suggests the reanalyses have significant negative biases over Southeast Asia (SEA) at all three levels. Over Australia the biases are negative at 850 hPa while positive at 500 hPa. The reanalysis products tend to be more similar among themselves in the estimates of q, as compared to the radiosonde measurements of q and qadj. The homogenized radiosonde q, when assimilated into reanalysis, is likely to lead to a more realistic model of the hydrological cycle.