bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marketing The Key West Hospitality Program
Authors: Schuh Lynda L. S. 
Published: July 2017

Designing a hospitality program to meet academic standards and community needs is a great challenge. This paper explores marketing of the program at Florida Keys Community College; a school situated on an island only five miles square. Key West's raging popularity, due to its promotion of tourism, has resulted in a severe labor shortage, a critical housing need and often local resentment. Many times the program finds itself in direct competition with the very industry it serves. Taking the approach of a competing business, the program has explored the market place and positioned itself to be sensitive, stimulating and flexible to the present and potential student. The four-year marketing plan expresses the viewpoint that program development is not complete until it is well established as a positive part of the community and all potential markets have been fully explored, resulting, in a continuous source of new and returning students.
Stressing The Practical Side of Training Hospitality Students Through Internships
Authors: Wisch Richard 
Published: July 2017

During my years of working within the confines of the private country club world, one educational issue is clear in my mind and needs to be addressed. It has been my observation, that, many hospitality students in the United States discover too late that they were not suited to a career in the hospitality field because they were improperly guided by instructors as to the realities they will encounter in this profession. In considering a career in hospitality management one must first remember it is seldom glamorous. It is not at all like the popular television show “Hotel.” One must combine theoretical textbook knowledge and an equal amount of time working within the everyday structure of a properly-run establishment, be it a private country club, hotel or a fine restaurant. Then and only then can one truly assess if he or she is heading in the right direction. It is time for us in the United States to follow the practices that are so successful all over Europe. There greater emphasis is placed on job training for all students taking courses in the hospitality field, regardless of how high their goals are. The approach fosters the idea of dividing each semester equally between the classroom and a working establishment. By using this method, we give students the opportunity to see the good and bad aspects of the profession and also give them the chance to decide early, perhaps within the first year, if this is the type of career they really want to pursue. The practice has been observed at some of the U.S. post-secondary hospitality programs to provide students with a theoretical orientation and then send them out into the work force with the illusion that they are totally capable of earning and demanding high salaries. Hospitality employers today are seeking students with a combination of theoretical and “quality” practical training which provides a basis of knowledge on which the employing company can build. Only the internship experience can teach a student how to cultivate the wonderful gifts of communication, tolerance and interpersonal skills. While textbook knowledge is of the utmost importance, it must be coupled with on-the-job training to provide the student with a suitable entre to a career in hospitality, one which will hopefully be both stimulating and rewarding. The key to fulfilling this goal is through the use of a supervised, professional internship experience for students in post-secondary hospitality programs. Only this type vehicle affords them the best opportunity of applying the theory learned in the classroom to the practical working environment.
Where Do We Go From Here?
Authors: Lloyd-Fore Nita 
Published: July 2017

The challenge for preparing students to enter the demanding world of the hospitality industry becomes more complex and more exciting each day. Opportunities abound for the dedicated and prepared individual to make a significant contribution to the future of the industry. The prepared individual needs to have an awareness of the state of the industry as it exists today, some of the fundamental changes which are taking place that effect the industry, indications for future directions for the industry, and a commitment to facing the challenges and the opportunities for the improvement of the industry, and its service to its guests. Educators who prepare the students for entry into the hospitality industry must make themselves aware of these same factors, and must be innovative in presenting programs which will prepare the students for the future. A significant challenge arises in establishing and maintaining rapport with the industry's leaders, in discerning directions and trends which must be addressed in curriculum development. An awareness of the state of the industry is mandatory, and some soul-searching may be indicated by some of our educational institutions toward making their programs more realistic. of particular concern is the low level of time and study spent in developing the “people skills” for the students, in preparing them for working with humans who are less than textbook perfect. Realistic expectations of entry levels and future promotional opportunities must be addressed. One does not start at the top, nor even in the middle of an organization. Solid experiences from “the trenches” coupled with an updated and realistic formal education can pay rich dividends. CHRIE faces an unprecedented opportunity for making significant strides in preparing students and the industry for the future. With an informed and dedicated program, this objective can well be met.
Postoperative Pericardial Adhesion Prevention Using Collagen Membrane in Pigs: A Pilot Study
Authors: Taksaudom Noppon , Ketwong Metus , Lertprasertsuke Nirush , Kongkaew Aphisek 
Published: July 2017

Objective: The operating procedure of a resternotomy in open-heart surgery is a complicated procedure with potentially problematic outcomes partly due to potential adhesions in the pericardial cavity and retrosternal space. Use of a collagen membrane has shown encouraging results in adhesion prevention in several regions of the body. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of this collagen membrane in the prevention of pericardial adhesions. Materials and methods: A total of 12 pigs were divided randomly into 2 groups: an experimental group in which collagen membranes were used and a control group. After sternotomy and an anterior pericardiectomy, the epicardial surface was exposed to room air and irrigated with saline, and an epicardial abrasion was performed using a sponge. The pericardial defect was repaired using a collagen membrane in the experimental group or left uncovered in the control group. After 8 to 12 weeks, the pigs were killed, and a resternotomy was performed by a single-blinded surgeon enabling the evaluation of adhesions. The heart was then removed and sent for microscopic assessment conducted by a single-blinded pathologist. Results: The resternotomy operations performed using a collagen membrane demonstrated a nonstatistically significant trend of fewer macroscopic and microscopic adhesions in all regions ( P > .05), particularly in the retrosternal and defect regions. Conclusions: This study showed nonstatistically significant differences between the outcomes in the collagen membrane group and the control group in both macroscopic and microscopic adhesion prevention. Due to the many limitations in animal study design, further studies in human models will be needed before the true value of this procedure can be evaluated.
Factors Associated with Adherence to Treatment Regimens after Lung Transplantation
Authors: Teichman BJ , Burker Eileen J. , Weiner Meredith , Egan Thomas M. 
Published: July 2017

Context The number of patients currently awaiting lung transplantation far exceeds the supply of available organs. Adherence to postoperative treatment regimens is essential for optimal posttransplant success. Objective The present study was designed to examine the demographic and psychological factors associated with compliance in patients who have had lung transplants. Design Eighteen women and 13 men participated in this study an average of 24 months after transplantation, completing a demographic form, a self-report compliance measure, a social support questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale. A significant other or family member and the posttransplant nurse coordinator also rated each subject's compliance with the posttransplant regimen. Results Although patients rated themselves as being compliant with aspects of their self-care, on more subtle measures of compliance, their self-reported compliance was not as impressive. Patients who had had their transplants more recently appeared to be more compliant. Patients with cystic fibrosis used their spirometer more often than patients with other lung diseases. Family support was significantly correlated with self-reported compliance. Conclusions This study suggests that how patients are asked about adherence to treatment regimens influences how compliant they appear. The data also indicate that the longer after transplant, the less compliant the patient, and suggests the need for patient reeducation at some point after transplant. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess the degree to which compliance affects the number of rejection and febrile episodes as well as patient mortality after lung transplant.
Donor Action: An International Initiative to Alleviate Organ Shortage
Authors: Roels Leo , Wight Celia 
Published: July 2017

Context Donor Action, an international initiative to alleviate organ shortage, provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art methodology that helps critical care units develop a tailor-made approach to optimize donation practices and performance. Objective To report the impact of the Donor Action methodology on organ donation rates in 8 countries (70 critical care units) in North America and Europe. Design Baseline data on the clinical potential for donation, staff attitudes, knowledge toward donation, self-reported confidence in performing a range of donation roles, and educational requirements were gathered. These data were analyzed using the Donor Action database and improvement measures were introduced to address identified weaknesses. Results Following introduction of the program's improvement measures, which addressed identified weaknesses, donations increased on average by 53% ( P=.0017) per country at 1 year. Sustained improvements settled at 70% to 160% increases at 3 years. Although Donor Action is at various stages of implementation in different countries, the number of centers and countries demonstrating an immediate awareness effect is increasing and sustained effects in centers with the longest follow-up promise a significant impact on donation rates as more countries implement this methodology.
The Effects of Information and Support on Individuals Awaiting Cadaveric Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Russell Cynthia L. , Brown Kristi 
Published: July 2017

Context No empirical studies exist to direct nursing interventions for individuals during the long period of waiting for a transplant. Objective To measure the effect of information and support on hope and uncertainty for individuals awaiting cadaveric kidney transplantation. Design Randomized, controlled study. Setting A university-affiliated hospital in the Midwest from 1997 to 1999. Patients Fifty participants awaiting cadaveric kidney transplantation. Interventions The control group received no intervention phone calls or mailings, which was the current standard of care. The treatment group received phone calls and mailings once every month for 6 months. Main Outcome Measures Hope, measured by the Herth Hope Index, and uncertainty, measured by the Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Scale for Adults, were evaluated at the beginning of the study and 6 months later. Results No statistically significant effect of the nursing intervention was found on hope and uncertainty in this sample (F = 0.5322, P = .81). Hope was found to be negatively related to uncertainty both before ( r = $0.53, P = .0001) and after ( r = $0.59, P = .0001) intervention. No significant change was found between hope before and after intervention, and uncertainty before and after intervention in the treatment group (F = 1.10, P = .40) or the control group. Conclusion The individuals indicated that definite needs were met by the information and support intervention even though the results did not statistically support the effect of the nursing intervention. Conclusions Several conclusions can be drawn from the findings of this study. First, even though the nursing intervention of providing information and support did not have a statistically significant effect on levels of hope and uncertainty in individuals awaiting kidney transplantation, anecdotal reports from the respondents indicated that the phone calls and mailed information were helpful and appreciated. Valuable information, potentially impacting the outcomes of kidney transplantation, was gathered by the researchers and shared with the transplant team. Secondly, levels of hope were relatively high, whereas levels of uncertainty were moderate in this sample of individuals waiting for cadaveric kidney transplantation. Furthermore, in this sample, the average time since diagnosis of ESRD was more than 4 years and the average waiting time was more than 1 year. There may have been a change over time from viewing the waiting experience as a negative experience to a positive opportunity. Thirdly, the finding of a negative relationship between hope and uncertainty provided support to the growing body of knowledge of this association. Finally, time on the waiting list, gender, and marital status were not associated with levels of hope or uncertainty. Generally, the findings of this study are consistent with existing literature and add to the growing body of knowledge related to the midrange theories of hope and uncertainty.
Single-Center Analysis of Living Donor Nephrectomy: Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic, Pure Laparoscopic, and Traditional Open
Authors: Slakey Douglas P. , Hahn Julie Cauvin , Rogers Ethan , Gauthier Philippe M. , Ruiz-Deya Gilberto , Rice Janet C. 
Published: July 2017

Context Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy has been shown to be a safe method for removing kidneys for transplantation, but concerns have been raised regarding safety and long-term kidney function. Objective To compare safety and long-term kidney function in hand-assisted laparoscopic, pure laparoscopic, and traditional open living donor nephrectomy. Method The charts of 48 patients with more than 1 year follow-up were reviewed. Thirty-four consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy, and 14 had open donor nephrectomy. All kidneys functioned immediately at transplantation. In the laparoscopic group, 11 had the pure laparoscopic technique, and 23 patients had hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy. Results Total operative and warm ischemic times were reduced with the hand-assisted technique when compared with pure laparoscopy. Operative and warm ischemic times were similar in open nephrectomy and hand-assisted laparoscopy. Long-term follow-up of serum creatinine levels revealed no significant differences between the 3 groups. Complication rates in the 3 groups were similar. Conclusion Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy appears to be comparable to open donor nephrectomy in terms of safety and long-term graft function.
Graft Expression of p38 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Heart Transplantation in Rats
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Cao Yuemin , Meng Aihong , Bai Yushan 
Published: July 2017

Objectives To investigate the expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and its relationship with myocardial apoptosis and tumor necrosis factor-α during acute cardiac allograft rejection and to study the effects of tacrolimus on the expression of the kinase. Methods Rats were divided into 3 groups: isograft (Lewis heart to Lewis rat; control group), allograft (Brown Norway heart to Lewis rat), and tacrolimus-treated allograft (Brown Norway heart to tacrolimus-treated Lewis rat). Grafts were collected 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after transplantation for determination of histopathological features, apoptosis of cardiac cells (by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP-biotin nick labeling), number of cells positive for both p38 and CD8 (by laser scanning confocal imaging), and expression of the kinase (by Western immunoblotting) and tumor necrosis factor-α (by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). Results Compared with isografts from the control group, grafts from the untreated allograft group had significantly more apoptotic cells, greater expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and more CD8-p38 double-positive cells at 5 and 7 days ( P<.05). The increases were prevented by treatment with tacrolimus. Conclusions The findings that the number of apoptotic cells, the number of CD8-p38 double-positive cells, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase all increased during the same period in the allografts in nonimmunosuppressed recipients suggests that intragraft expression of p38 would be associated with the rejection in acute cardiac allograft rejection. Tacrolimus may alleviate rejection partly by inhibiting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
Clinical Integration of Billing for a Pediatric Nephrology and Transplant Program
Authors: Tietjen Andrea L. , Orsini Jenoveva , Mulgaonkar Shamkant , Morgan Debbie 
Published: July 2017

Purpose To develop and implement a billing process that fully integrates all activities of a pediatric nephrology and transplant program, by facilitating and coordinating data from patients, physicians, hospitals, and third-party billing services to maximize revenues. Methods Financial operations were analyzed via a randomized audit of patient charts that focused on office procedures and revenue collection. Results based on monthly reports documenting revenue received and outstanding, procedures billed, and patient registration accuracy. Results The combination of improvements in patient registration, chart documentation, new billing sheets with procedure and diagnosis codes, physician in-service education, upgraded charges, and the recredentialing of all practice physicians realized an increase in revenue collections from 18% in 2000 to 89% in 2001. Conclusion The need to integrate and coordinate information is vital for both billing accuracy and revenue collections. Integration of clinical services and billing procedures has maximized performance, profitability, and accuracy while decreasing administrative time and costs.
The Tissue Donation Experience: A Comparison of Donor and Nondonor Families
Authors: Rodrigue James R. , Scott Michael P. , Oppenheim Anneliese R. 
Published: July 2017

Context Although there has been an increase in studies examining the experiences of organ donor and nondonor families, scant empirical research specifically concerning tissue donation has been conducted. Objective To assess the perceptions and attitudes of both donor and nondonor next of kin to whom a tissue donation request had been directed. Design Cross-sectional, 2-group analysis of a telephone survey. Setting and Participants Participants were 507 adults who consented to tissue donation and 507 adults who refused consent to tissue donation following the death of a family member. All donation requests were made by telephone by trained staff. Main Outcome Measure The primary outcome measures were demographic and contextual information surrounding the donation request, perceptions and attitudes toward tissue donation, and reasons for donation or refusal to donate. Results Findings suggest that most tissue donor family members were satisfied with the request and donation experience. Also, there were important differences in attitudes and perceptions between donor and nondonor family members, with nondonors reporting more negative attitudes and beliefs about tissue donation.
A Comparative Study of Quality of Life among the Age Groups of Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Cetingok Muammer , Winsett Rebecca P. , Hathaway Donna K. 
Published: July 2017

Context Quality of life and transplant age are 2 major concerns of professionals and researchers. Both variables are contemplated in transplant allocation decisions as a result of longer graft and patient survival and the likelihood of achieving a reasonably good quality of life for patients of all ages. Studies are warranted to understand if quality of life might serve as a moderating variable to balance question of age and transplant allocations. Objective To determine if there are differences in the pretransplant and posttransplant quality of life of kidney transplant recipients with respect to age. Design, Participants, Setting, and Outcome Measures This study comparatively examined the differences in pretransplant and posttransplant quality of life of kidney transplant recipients in 5 age groups (18–29 years, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and older than 60). A sample of 293 patients admitted to a midsouthern US transplant center and selected on a convenience-sampling basis were included in the study. Multiple measures of quality of life were used, including the Quality of Life Index, the Adult Self-Image Scale, and the Sickness Impact Profile. Results Both the pretransplant and posttransplant quality of life of all age groups of kidney transplant recipients were similar, with the exception that the recipients in the age range of 30 to 49 years reported better posttransplant quality of life on the Sickness Impact Profile Psychosocial measure (F = 2.18, P = .02). Conclusions Quality of life outcomes do not appear to favor one age group over another, although psychosocial outcomes may warrant some additional consideration.
Defining High Risk in Adult Kidney Transplantation
Authors:   High Risk Renal Transplant Consensus Group
Published: July 2017

Background Because identifiable factors contribute to allograft loss, and because no consensus has been reached on the definition of high risk, an interdisciplinary group of nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and social workers was convened in May 2008. Objective Participants sought to reach consensus about the current state of science and best practices related to the definition and management of high-risk kidney transplant recipients. Methods An expert facilitator with extensive experience in leading consensus teams guided consensus-building activities, which included discussion and small-group work. Results This consensus group conceptualized the definition of the “high-risk” kidney transplant recipient and provided information to guide the multidisciplinary team in their assessment of these patients before and after transplant. Three key areas, which were conceptualized as independent scales, had a substantial impact on outcomes: (1) transplant recipient medical factors, (2) donor and recipient immunological factors, and (3) transplant recipient psychosocial factors. Though depicted separately, alteration of a specific risk on one scale could influence some risk factors on another scale. In addition, the kidney allograft itself must be considered in the assessment of high risk. Conclusions The continuum of risk described here should be useful to transplant clinicians in their assessment of high-risk adult kidney transplant patients, may aid centers in developing a more complete definition of high risk, and may lead to risk-reduction efforts.