bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen‐Free Gas‐Phase Deoxydehydration of 2,3‐Butanediol to Butene on Silica‐Supported Vanadium Catalysts
Authors: Kwok Kelvin Mingyao , Choong Catherine Kai Shin , Ong Daniel Sze Wei , Ng Joy Chun Qi , Gwie Chuandayani Gunawan , Chen Luwei , Borgna Armando 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe gas‐phase deoxydehydration of 2,3‐butanediol to butene was investigated in a plug flow reactor over SiO2‐supported vanadium oxide, γ‐alumina, P/ZSM‐5, and MgO catalysts with acid/base sites of varying strengths. 5 wt % vanadium on SiO2 (i.e., 5V/SiO2) showed the best performance with 100 % conversion and up to 45.2 % butene selectivity. The combination of weak acid sites and polymeric VOx surface species provided the 5V/SiO2 catalyst with bifunctional capabilities to achieve both dehydration and transfer hydrogenation, which allowed it to catalyze the deoxydehydration of 2,3‐butanediol to butene even in the absence of H2. As 2,3‐butanediol is a common yet underutilized biomass product, this reaction may provide a viable route for a biomass‐to‐chemicals application for 2,3‐butanediol.
Large Eddy Simulation Investigation of an Industrial Cyclone Separator Fitted with a Pressure Recovery Deswirler
Authors: Misiulia Dzmitry , Andersson Anders Gustav , Lundström Tord Staffan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA cyclone fitted with a deswirler of original design has been investigated by means of large eddy simulation. Installation of the deswirler reduces significantly the positive static pressure near the wall as well as the negative static pressure in the central region. It also decreases the maximum tangential velocities in the main separation zone. The deswirler enables a substantial reduction of the backward flow at the gas outlet and a more uniform distribution of the axial velocities at the gas outlet. It also considerably reduces pressure losses in the vortex finder lowering the cyclone pressure drop by almost about one third but it deteriorates the collection efficiency of particles with diameters of less than 8 µm, thus increasing the cut size.
MoS2‐Nanosheet‐Decorated 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene) as High‐Performance Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Yuting , Nie Ping , Jiang Jiangmin , Ding Bing , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries for large‐scale energy storage applications. The intriguing 2D transition‐metal carbides/carbonitrides, also called MXenes, are increasingly being investigated as anodes as for SIB applications, owing to the merits of their metallic conductivity, low diffusion barrier for Na+, and good mechanical properties. However, the issue of low specific capacity has proven to be a difficult challenge to overcome. Herein, we synthesize a composite of MoS2/Ti3C2Tx to improve the ion accessibility of MXene layers by increasing the interlayer space and boost its specific capacity, where the MoS2 nanosheets are intercalated between Ti3C2Tx layers through a hydrothermal route. When tested as a SIB anode, the MoS2/Ti3C2Tx composite yielded a high specific capacity of 250.9 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles. More remarkably, the MoS2/Ti3C2Tx electrode displayed an exceeding rate performance with a capacity of 162.7 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1.
A Miniaturized Flow Injection Analysis System for Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence−Based Assays
Authors: Neves Marta M. P. S. , González‐García María B. , Hernández‐Santos David , Fanjul‐Bolado Pablo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA new miniaturized flow injection analysis (FIA) system for developing electrochemiluminescence (ECL)‐based assays is presented. Novel thin‐layer flow−cell (TLFCL) screen‐printed carbon electrodes integrated in one‐channel flow cells were used as the electrode surface. These TLFCL electrodes, combined with miniaturized electrochemical and optical instrumentation, allowed a high degree of automation and simplicity of the assay. The performance of this high‐throughput flow system was corroborated with a proof‐of‐concept centered on H2O2 detection. For that purpose, an ECL transduction chemistry mechanism based on a electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL‐RET) donor−acceptor strategy, between an electro‐oxidized luminophore (luminol) to a fluorophore (fluorescein), in the presence of the analyte of interest, was carried out. The results showed that fluorescein ECL‐RET luminescent response increases the sensitivity of H2O2 detection by up to one order of magnitude, in comparison with a luminol−H2O2 fluorescein‐free assay. All experiments were performed in a decentralized, small‐sized, easy‐to‐use FIA system coupled to ECL detection instrumentation.
Geheimtinten
Authors: Ducci Matthias 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungEs wird die Entwicklung von Geheimtinten von der Antike bis in die Gegenwart exemplarisch beschrieben. Ein besonderer Fokus wird auf Rezepturen gelegt, die in ehemals als geheim eingestuften Dokumenten der CIA aufgeführt sind. Einige ausgewählte Tinten werden einem Praxistest unterzogen. Darüber hinaus werden weitere Geheimtinten vorgestellt, die mit Haushaltsprodukten hergestellt werden können. Abschließend werden aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zur geheimen Nachrichtenübermittlung präsentiert.
Nickel Phosphide Nanorod Arrays Vertically Grown on Ni Foam as High‐Efficiency Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Dou Xiandong , Liu Weijun , Liu Qing , Niu Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn electrocatalyst of nickel phosphide (Ni2P) nanorod arrays vertically grown on Ni foam composite (NNFC) was prepared successfully using NaH2PO2 as phosphorus source by means of a facile method of in situ phosphorization of Ni foam. The as‐prepared NNFC exhibits excellent HER performance with an onset overpotential of 100 mV, a small Tafel slope of only 55 mV/dec, and a low overpotential involving 200 mV at a current density of 10 mA•cm−2. Furthermore, the electrocatalyst was also demonstrated to possess high stability with a neglectable decrease in activity even after durability test for 25 h.
RNA‐binding proteins of the NXF (nuclear export factor) family and their connection with the cytoskeleton
Authors: Mamon L. A. , Ginanova V. R. , Kliver S. F. , Yakimova A. O. , Atsapkina A. A. , Golubkova E. V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe mutual relationship between mRNA and the cytoskeleton can be seen from two points of view. On the one hand, the cytoskeleton is necessary for mRNA trafficking and anchoring to subcellular domains. On the other hand, cytoskeletal growth and rearrangement require the translation of mRNAs that are connected to the cytoskeleton. β‐actin mRNA localization may influence dynamic changes in the actin cytoskeleton. In the cytoplasm, long‐lived mRNAs exist in the form of RNP (ribonucleoprotein) complexes, where they interact with RNA‐binding proteins, including NXF (Nuclear eXport Factor). Dm NXF1 is an evolutionarily conserved protein in Drosophila melanogaster that has orthologs in different animals. The universal function of nxf1 genes is the nuclear export of different mRNAs in various organisms. In this mini‐review, we briefly discuss the evidence demonstrating that Dm NXF1 fulfils not only universal but also specialized cytoplasmic functions. This protein is detected not only in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm. It is a component of neuronal granules. Dm NXF1 marks nuclear division spindles during early embryogenesis and the dense body on one side of the elongated spermatid nuclei. The characteristic features of sbr mutants (sbr10 and sbr5) are impairment of chromosome segregation and spindle formation anomalies during female meiosis. sbr12 mutant sterile males with immobile spermatozoa exhibit disturbances in the axoneme, mitochondrial derivatives and cytokinesis. These data allow us to propose that the Dm NXF1 proteins transport certain mRNAs in neurites and interact with localized mRNAs that are necessary for dynamic changes of the cytoskeleton.
Pyrrole‐Based Macrocyclic Small‐Molecule Inhibitors That Target Oocyte Maturation
Authors: Gunasekaran Pethaiah , Lee So‐Rim , Jeong Seung‐Min , Kwon Jeong‐Woo , Takei Toshiki , Asahina Yuya , Bang Geul , Kim Seongnyeon , Ahn Mija , Ryu Eun Kyung , Kim Hak Nam , Nam Ki‐Yub , Shin Song Yub , Hojo Hironobu , Namgoong Suk , Kim Nam‐Hyung , Bang Jeong Kyu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPolo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) plays crucial roles in various stages of oocyte maturation. Recently, we reported that the peptidomimetic compound AB103‐8, which targets the polo box domain (PBD) of PLK1, affects oocyte meiotic maturation and the resumption of meiosis. However, to overcome the drawbacks of peptidic compounds, we designed and synthesized a series of pyrrole‐based small‐molecule inhibitors and tested them for their effects on the rates of porcine oocyte maturation. Among them, the macrocyclic compound (E/Z)‐3‐(2,16‐dioxo‐19‐(4‐phenylbutyl)‐3,19‐diazabicyclo[15.2.1]icosa‐1(20),6,17‐trien‐3‐yl)propyl dihydrogen phosphate (4) showed the highest inhibitory activity with enhanced inhibition against embryonic blastocyst formation. Furthermore, the addition of this compound to culture media efficiently blocked the maturation of porcine and mouse oocytes, indicating its ability to penetrate the zona pellucida and cell membrane. We investigated mouse oocytes treated with compound 4, and the resulting impairment of spindle formation confirmed PLK1 inhibition. Finally, molecular modeling studies with PLK1 PBD also confirmed the presence of significant interactions between compound 4 and PLK1 PBD binding pocket residues, including those in the phosphate, tyrosine‐rich, and pyrrolidine binding pockets. Collectively, these results suggest that the macrocyclic compound 4 may serve as a promising template for the development of novel contraceptive agents.
Fine‐tuning light sensitivity in the starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) retina: Regional variation in photoreceptor cell morphology and opsin gene expression
Authors: Iwanicki Tom W. , Novales Flamarique Iñigo , Ausiό Juan , Morris Emily , Taylor John S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractVertebrate color vision relies on the differential expression of visual pigment proteins (opsins) in cone photoreceptors of the retina. The diversity of opsins and their retinal expression patterns appear greatest for animals that experience variable light habitats, as is the case with flatfishes. Yet, opsin repertoires and expression patterns in this group of fishes are poorly described. Here, we unveil the visual opsin expression patterns of juvenile starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) and describe the localization of cone types, their visual pigments and opsin expression. Juvenile starry flounder express eight opsins (Rh1, Sws1, Sws2A1, Sws2A2, Sws2B, Rh2A1, Rh2A2, Lws) and possess a corresponding number of photoreceptor visual pigments, with peak absorbance ranging from 369 to 557 nm. Retinal (vitamin A1) was the only chromophore detected in the retina. Intraretinal variation in opsin abundance consisted of greater expression of both RH2, and lesser expression of SWS1 and both SWS2A, opsin transcripts in the dorsal compared to the ventral retina. Overall cone density was greater in the dorsal retina which was also characterized by a larger proportion of unequal double cones compared with the ventral retina. Together, our results suggest that large opsin repertoires serve to optimize visual function under variable light environments by differential expression of opsin subsets with retinal location.
Optical and Magnetic Properties of Fe Nanoparticles Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Ablation in Organic and Inorganic Solvents
Authors: Santillán Jesica M. J. , Muñetón Arboleda David , Coral Diego F. , Fernández van Raap Marcela B. , Muraca Diego , Schinca Daniel C. , Scaffardi Lucía B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles have attracted much interest due to their broad applications in biomedicine and pollutant remediation. In this work, the optical, magnetic, and structural characteristics of colloids produced by ultrashort pulsed laser ablation of a solid Fe target were studied in four different media: HPLC water, an aqueous solution of trisodium citrate, acetone, and ethanol. Optical extinction spectroscopy revealed an absorption band in the UV region for all, in contrast to the results obtained with nanosecond lasers. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy showed that the samples are heterogeneous in their composition, with hematite, maghemite, and magnetite nanoparticles in all four solvents. Similar results were obtained by electron diffraction, which also found α‐Fe. Magnetic properties were studied by vibrating‐sample magnetometry, and showed nanoparticles in the superparamagnetic state. Under certain experimental conditions, submicrometer‐sized iron oxide nanoparticles agglomerate into fractal patterns that show self‐similar properties. Self‐assembled annular structures on the nanometer scale were also observed and are reported for the first time.
Why Are Dithienylethene‐Linked Biscobaltocenes so Hard to Photoswitch?
Authors: Escribano Alejandra , Steenbock Torben , Stork Conrad , Herrmann Carmen , Heck Jürgen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork was designed by Torben Steenbock in collaboration with Carmen Herrmann and Jürgen Heck. It shows an underground railway map symbolizing the great variety of excited‐state pathways upon photoexcitation, of which only one leads to the desired target. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201601146.
Trophic discrimination factor of nitrogen isotopes within amino acids in the dobsonfly Protohermes grandis (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) larvae in a controlled feeding experiment
Authors: Ishikawa Naoto F. , Hayashi Fumio , Sasaki Yoko , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Ohkouchi Naohiko 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe trophic discrimination factor (TDF) of nitrogen isotopes (15N/14N) within amino acids, between a stream‐dwelling dobsonfly larva (Protohermes grandis: Megaloptera; Corydalidae) and its diet (chironomid larvae), was determined in controlled feeding experiments. Last‐instar larvae of P. grandis were collected from the Yozawa‐gawa River, central Japan, and reared in the laboratory. After fed to satiation for 1 month, one group of larvae was each fed one living chironomid larva per day for 4 weeks, while a second group was starved for 8 weeks. The larvae were harvested at intervals and the nitrogen isotopic composition of glutamic acid (δ15NGlu) and phenylalanine (δ15NPhe) were determined to calculate TDF. The mean TDF of satiated and starved larvae were 7.1‰ ± 0.5‰ (n = 3) and 7.3‰ ± 0.5‰ (n = 5), respectively. Thus, the TDF for P. grandis larvae in this study was similar to that reported for other arthropods (approximately 7‰) and was independent of satiation or starvation. A previous study of wild P. grandis larvae, based on the δ15NGlu and δ15NPhe values, estimated its trophic position (TP) as approximately 2.0 ± 0.1 (n = 5), a low value close to that of algivores, although they are generally characterized as carnivores (usually accepted as TP ≥ 3). The TDF for P. grandis larvae suggests that their low TPs in nature were caused by incorporation of vascular plant‐derived amino acids (with a different δ15N profile from that of algae) and not by an unusually low TDF or by the effects of the satiation/starvation on amino acid metabolism.
Climate change induced molting mismatch? Mountain hare abundance reduced by duration of snow cover and predator abundance
Authors: Pedersen Simen , Odden Morten , Pedersen Hans Chr. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn northern latitudes, species that have adapted to snow cover by molting and changing pelage color will be particularly vulnerable to climate change, as predation levels may increase due to a mismatch with background coloration. Here, we investigated the synergistic effect of mammalian generalist predators (red foxVulpes vulpesand pine martenMartes martes) and the duration of snow cover on the abundance of a winter‐adapted species, the mountain hare (Lepus timidus). We analyzed 12 yr of data from 622 snow tracking lines in southeast Norway along a gradient in annual duration of snow‐covered ground. The mountain hare abundance index was positively related to the generalist predator abundance index, probably due to a combined numerical and functional response of the predators. The mountain hare abundance index was negatively associated with a short duration of snow cover, and this effect was stronger in areas with a high predator abundance index. Hence, we demonstrated a causal link between the mountain hare abundance index, predators, and the duration of snow cover. We expect declining mountain hare densities in the future caused by interactive effects of reduced duration of snow‐covered ground, potentially increasing generalist predator densities and the limited ability of mountain hares to adapt to the climate change‐induced molting mismatch.
The neuroprotective agent Rasagiline mesylate attenuates cardiac remodeling after experimental myocardial infarction
Authors: Varela Aimilia , Mavroidis Manolis , Katsimpoulas Michalis , Sfiroera Irini , Kappa Niki , Mesa Angelica , Kostomitsopoulos Nikolaos G. , Cokkinos Dennis V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimRasagiline mesylate (N‐propargyl‐1 (R)‐aminoindan) (RG) is a selective, potent irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase‐B with cardioprotective and anti‐apoptotic properties. We investigated whether it could be cardioprotective in a rat model undergoing experimental myocardial infarction (MI) by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.Methods and resultsRG was administered, intraperitoneally, for 28 days (2 mg/kg) starting 24 h after MI induction. Echocardiography analysis revealed a significant reduction in left ventricular end‐systolic and diastolic dimensions and preserved fractional shortening in RG‐treated compared with normal saline group at 28 days post‐MI (31.6 ± 2.3 vs. 19.6 ± 1.8, P < 0.0001), respectively. Treatment with RG prevented tissue fibrosis as indicated by interstitial collagen estimation by immunofluorescence staining and hydroxyproline content and attenuated the number of apoptotic myocytes in the border zone (65%) as indicated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Caspase 3 relative protein levels were significantly decreased in the non‐infarcted myocardium. Markedly decreased malondialdehyde levels in the border zone indicate a reduction in tissue oxidative stress.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates a positive effect of RG in the post‐MI period with a significant attenuation in cardiac remodelling.
Applying the TOR(C)QUE in iNKT cells: A new twist in an old tale
Authors: Verykokakis Mihalis , Kee Barbara L. 
Published: March 2017

The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) protein controls the machinery necessary for T‐cell activation, differentiation, and memory formation, as a component of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2, which function both downstream and upstream of AKT. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique T‐cell subset that exist in a primed state, capable of rapid activation, and produce large quantities of cytokines. iNKT‐cell effector differentiation is dependent on the mTORC1 complex; however, the requirements for mTORC2 in iNKT cells have been controversial. In this issue, Sklarz et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2017. 47: 516–526] provide a careful analysis of the requirements for the mTORC2 component Rictor in iNKT cells, providing a new twist in this unfolding tale. The authors demonstrate that Rictor is required for iNKT‐cell proliferation and survival during the key stage of intrathymic expansion and that Rictor supports the development of NKT17 cells, an effector subset which depends on the transcription factor RORγt and produces interleukin (IL)‐17, in both the thymus and the lung. IL‐4‐producing NKT2 cells develop in the absence of Rictor but the cytotoxic potential of iNKT cells is Rictor‐dependent.
Gender difference in the association and presentation of visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chiu Pai‐Yi , Teng Po‐Ren , Wei Cheng‐Yu , Wang Chein‐Wei , Tsai Chun‐Tang 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveVisual hallucinations (VHs) are among the most striking features of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We investigated gender differences in the association and presentation of VHs in DLB.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data from a prospective, longitudinal study on dementia was performed. Cumulative frequency, 1‐month frequency, and phenomenology of VHs were summarized and compared between female and male patients with DLB. Gender differences in the factors associated with VHs were investigated in patients with and without hallucinations.ResultsA total of 152 patients including 65 (42.8%) women and 87 (57.2%) men were analyzed. The cumulative and 1‐month frequencies of VHs were 60% and 55.4%, respectively, in women and 44.8% and 41.4%, respectively, in men. Adjusting for age and disease severity resulted in the inclusion of more women in the VH group [odds ratio (OR) = 2.33, p = 0.028)] than in the non‐VH group. In female participants, older age (OR = 9.16, p = 0.003) and higher neuropsychiatric inventory score (OR = 4.89, p = 0.009) were associated with VHs, whereas in male participants, more severe dementia stage (clinical dementia rating 2–3 versus clinical dementia rating 0.5, OR = 6.22, p = 0.008) and higher rates of using antipsychotics (OR = 9.64, p = 0.047) were associated with VHs.ConclusionThe frequencies of 1‐month and cumulative VHs were high in DLB, which indicated a high prevalence as well as a high persistency of VHs in DLB. The patterns of factors associated with VHs differed between female and male patients. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How task demands shape brain responses to visual food cues
Authors: Pohl Tanja Maria , Tempelmann Claus , Noesselt Toemme 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSeveral previous imaging studies have aimed at identifying the neural basis of visual food cue processing in humans. However, there is little consistency of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) results across studies. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this variability across studies might – at least in part – be caused by the different tasks employed. In particular, we assessed directly the influence of task set on brain responses to food stimuli with fMRI using two tasks (colour vs. edibility judgement, between‐subjects design). When participants judged colour, the left insula, the left inferior parietal lobule, occipital areas, the left orbitofrontal cortex and other frontal areas expressed enhanced fMRI responses to food relative to non‐food pictures. However, when judging edibility, enhanced fMRI responses to food pictures were observed in the superior and middle frontal gyrus and in medial frontal areas including the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. This pattern of results indicates that task sets can significantly alter the neural underpinnings of food cue processing. We propose that judging low‐level visual stimulus characteristics – such as colour – triggers stimulus‐related representations in the visual and even in gustatory cortex (insula), whereas discriminating abstract stimulus categories activates higher order representations in both the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2897–2912, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.