bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-individual variability in lipoprotein(a) levels: findings from a large academic health system population
Authors: Awad Kamal , Mahmoud Ahmed K , Abbas Mohammed Tiseer , Alsidawi Said , Ayoub Chadi , Arsanjani Reza , Farina Juan M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels are known to be mainly genetically determined. However, only scarce data are available on the intra-individual variability of Lp(a) levels across time.

Methods and results
We included adult patients (≥18 years old) who had baseline and follow-up Lp(a) measurements (between 1997 and 2024) with a minimum of 1 year apart. Patients were categorized into three groups as follows: normal (&lt;30 mg/dL), borderline (30 to 50 mg/dL), and high Lp(a) (≥50 mg/dL). Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess the predictors of the intra-individual changes in Lp(a) ≥ 10 mg/dL. A total of 11 669 individuals (median age: 54 years, 60% males) were included in our analysis, with median time between measurements of 4.5 years [interquartile range (IQR): 2.2, 10.6]. The median Lp(a) was 16 mg/dL (IQR: 7, 52) at baseline, compared with 15 mg/dL (IQR: 7, 52) at follow-up. At follow-up, 96.4% of individuals with normal Lp(a) and 89.9% with high Lp(a) remained in their categories, while 51.2% with borderline Lp(a) changed their category. Of the included population, 24.9% had an intra-individual Lp(a) change ≥ 10 mg/dL. Female sex (P &lt; 0.001), history of ASCVD (P = 0.003), statin therapy (P = 0.003), and elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels ≥ 100 mg/dL (P &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with higher odds of intra-individual Lp(a) changes ≥ 10 mg/dL.

Conclusion
Lipoprotein(a) levels were generally stable over time; however, patients with borderline levels may require more than one Lp(a) measurement, especially if they are females, have a history of ASCVD, have elevated LDL-C levels, or are on statin therapy.
Growth of soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea on air-exposed solid surface
Authors: Abiola Christiana , Gwak Joo-Han , Lee Ui-Ju , Awala Samuel Imisi , Jung Man-Young , Park Woojun , Rhee Sung-Keun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Soil microorganisms often thrive as microcolonies or biofilms within pores of soil aggregates exposed to the soil atmosphere. However, previous studies on the physiology of soil ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs), which play a critical role in the nitrogen cycle, were primarily conducted using freely suspended AOM cells (planktonic cells) in liquid media. In this study, we examined the growth of two representative soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), Nitrososphaera viennensis EN76 and “Nitrosotenuis chungbukensis” MY2, and a soil ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC 19718 on polycarbonate membrane filters floated on liquid media to observe their adaptation to air-exposed solid surfaces. Interestingly, ammonia oxidation activities of N. viennensis EN76 and “N. chungbukensis” MY2 were significantly repressed on floating filters compared to the freely suspended cells in liquid media. Conversely, the ammonia oxidation activity of N. europaea ATCC 19718 was comparable on floating filters and liquid media. N. viennensis EN76 and N. europaea ATCC 19718 developed microcolonies on floating filters. Transcriptome analysis of N. viennensis EN76 floating filter-grown cells revealed upregulation of unique sets of genes for cell wall and extracellular polymeric substance biosynthesis, ammonia oxidation (including ammonia monooxygenase subunit C (amoC3) and multicopper oxidases), and defense against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. These genes may play a pivotal role in adapting AOA to air-exposed solid surfaces. Furthermore, the floating filter technique resulted in the enrichment of distinct soil AOA communities dominated by the “Ca. Nitrosocosmicus” clade. Overall, this study sheds light on distinct adaptive mechanisms governing AOA growth on air-exposed solid surfaces.
Of Rare and Obsolete Words
Authors: Bromirskaya Anna , Grishin Nikolay , Häberl Charles G , Loesov Sergey 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Older residents of the Modern Western Aramaic-speaking village of Maaloula are keenly aware of the progressive impoverishment of their lexicon as the younger generations come to maturity without direct knowledge of traditional ways of life and material culture. In this short Modern Western Aramaic text, two such residents discuss both the localities in which these ways of life unfolded and the words associated with them, which have become rare and even obsolete among contemporary speakers. The text is furnished with interlinear morphosyntactic glosses, a short lexicon of terms that do not appear in the standard dictionary of Modern Western Aramaic (NWAW), a translation into the local vernacular Arabic, and images illustrating the words and the locations that the speakers discuss.
Introduction
Authors: Lüders Hans O. , Noachtar Soheyl , Rémi Jan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the cornerstones of technical diagnostics in neurology. This EEG-book is an instructional textbook and reference atlas, serving as an instruction guide for the beginner in EEG and a reference atlas for the experienced EEG-reader. It is a highly systematic guide through the process of understanding and interpreting EEG and should be on the tabletop of everyone using EEG in the medical field.
It provides normal and abnormal EEG patterns in a structured classification based on more than 400 figures. All EEG examples shown in the book are available electronically in reformatted EEG montages. This allows the reader of the book a completely new approach to EEG interpretation which follows the routine of EEG reading with digital EEG machines.
Funding Mental Health Care in the United States
Authors: Olmstead Todd A. , Casey Kathleen A. , Weden David , Stuckey Ginny , Evans David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the complexity of the US mental health care funding system and its associated harms from the perspectives of individuals experiencing mental illness, mental health care providers, and society. It briefly describes the history and underlying reasons for the current fragmentation in the delivery and financing of behavioral health and primary care. It discusses the financial barriers to initiating, developing, and sustaining behavioral health integration programs in the United States. It also discusses the strengths and limitations of potential solutions to overcoming these financial barriers. Such solutions range from fundamental payment reform (single-payer model) to a wide variety of incremental reforms, including expanding the breadth and depth of covered services, providers, and treatment modalities in existing plans; payer alignment; risk-adjusted global payments; and value-based payments.
Telemedicine Advancements
Authors: Hemani Umair M. , Robinson Mari , Vo Alexander 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the use of technology to establish a telehealth network to serve the mental health population. Several challenges in creating a lasting and effective program are addressed, such as licensing, privacy, equipment, and consent. It additionally provides information on creating a model and then needed steps to implement a telehealth, integrated model. Proof that an implemented telehealth model works is supported through the Virtual Health Network described as a case to be used throughout the United States. This is further detailed through a specific success case treating behavioral health in partnership with a state hospital system.
Introduction: The Clinician’s Roadmap to Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Espinel Zelde , Crocco Elizabeth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The book addresses anxiety disorders, prevalent globally and affecting daily life when overwhelming. Clinicians, often initial points of contact, require expertise to identify and manage these conditions effectively. Understanding anxiety's role as a natural emotion and its escalation is crucial for timely intervention. The text aims to equip healthcare providers with case-specific insights, fostering tailored treatment plans integrating medication, lifestyle adjustments, and psychotherapy. By enhancing clinical knowledge, the book supports clinicians in addressing the pressing question: “What do I do now?” Ultimately, it strives to improve outcomes by facilitating early recognition and comprehensive management of anxiety disorders in diverse clinical settings.
I Can’t Help but Worry About My Bills and Finances
Authors: Oldak Sean E. , Alkharboush Feras , Crocco Elizabeth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the case of Mr. B, a 72-year-old male who presents with anxiety-related concerns, primarily revolving around financial matters. His anxiety has led to compulsive behaviors, including triple-checking accounting and saving receipts. While Mr. B attributes some of his symptoms to loneliness, there are emerging cognitive issues, including memory lapses and repetition of stories. Recognizing anxiety and its relationship to cognitive decline is crucial in assessing Mr. B’s condition. Given his age and symptoms, the possibility of a neurocognitive disorder should be considered. The chapter emphasizes the importance of comprehensive evaluation, including interviews with caregivers, cognitive and functional assessments, and medical workup. Late-onset anxiety is commonly associated with neurocognitive disorders in older adults. Anxiety can worsen cognitive decline and functional impairment, and the two often coexist. The treatment of anxiety in neurocognitive disorders involves a combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions, tailored to the patient’s specific context.
Writing a Compelling Introduction
Authors: Fontanarosa Phil B. , Greenland Philip 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In scientific articles, an effective and concise Introduction section serves important purposes by providing a prelude to what will follow and setting the tone for the article. This chapter provides guidance on writing an effective Introduction for a scientific manuscript and recommends including specific information regarding the background, importance, and objective of the study. The background should include specific information about the problem the study will address and should avoid including well-known, general information about the topic. The importance of the study should be established by explaining the need for the study, identifying research gaps, and including selected key, current references. The objective should represent the focused question the study is designed to answer and generally should not include study results or the answer to the research question.
Writing a Convincing Discussion Section
Authors: Zylke Jody W. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Discussion section of a manuscript provides the interpretation of the study and places the study results in context. As recommended in this chapter, the Discussion section should include a description of the key findings and conclusion; a section on the most likely explanation for the results and alternative explanations (while avoiding speculation); a section that compares and contrasts the results of the study with findings from related studies in the literature; and an objective description of the strengths and limitations of the study. Relevant clinical, economic, and policy implications and future research directions may be mentioned, and a concluding paragraph should provide a “take-home” statement of the main study conclusion. The chapter also advises that in the Discussion section, authors should avoid introducing new results, raising unrelated issues, or expressing unsupported opinions as these can detract from clear, objective, and circumspect interpretation of the findings.
Effective Use of Figures and Graphs in Scientific Publications
Authors: Disis Mary (Nora) L. , Cecil Denise L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Visual representation of data is a key feature of any scientific manuscript. This chapter emphasizes that a well-designed figure or suite of figures can significantly enhance understanding of the data presented in a scientific manuscript and indicates that the use of higher density figures composed of several panels has increased. The effective use of figures and statistical graphs also is discussed, including how to choose the appropriate type of figure or graphic to include and how to enhance interpretation of figures and graphics (such as with the use of color). Three visual examples are included to demonstrate correlation, the reduction of complex studies into a schema, and the organization of data from a clinical trial into a graph.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Golub Robert M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Letters to the Editor provide a forum for the scientific interaction between the authors of a published article and readers. As this chapter explains, formal letters published in the correspondence section of the journal are useful to promote scholarly and informative interchanges and are generally indexed in MEDLINE and other bibliographic databases. Many journals encourage these exchanges by providing online commenting options for some of or all their articles. This chapter also provides 10 do’s and 5 don’ts for writing an effective letter. It underscores that Letters should be written in a professional scholarly style, with assertions supported with references, and suggests that the principles that apply to writing a good Letter also apply to writing an informed and useful online comment.
Peer Review in Scholarly Publication
Authors: Flanagin Annette 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Peer review is the process used by scholarly journals to evaluate the quality of submitted manuscripts and is generally regarded as an essential step prior to biomedical publication. This chapter addresses the purposes and roles of journal peer review and includes a brief history of peer review and a discussion of its limitations and weaknesses. The types of peer review that can be conducted—double-anonymous, single-anonymous, and open—are discussed. A table provides an overview of the models of peer review from traditional and conservative to newer and liberal models and includes types of peer review, modes of reviewer assignment, acceptance criteria, transparency, and cascading and reuse of peer reviews. As the chapter emphasizes, authors should recognize that, even though peer review is used to assess and improve the quality of manuscripts submitted to journals, peer reviewers are advisors, and editors make the final decisions about manuscripts at most journals.
Group Authorship and Team Science
Authors: Fontanarosa Phil B. , Bauchner Howard , Flanagin Annette 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Collaborative research involving multiple investigators and research groups has been referred to as group science, ensemble science, or more commonly, team science. As this chapter explains, how authors and nonauthor collaborators are identified in publications to ensure appropriate credit and recognition of team science can be challenging and is important to the scientific community and individual investigators. This chapter emphasizes that authors of team science research reports involving multiple investigators and research consortia must adhere to the principles and standards of authorship to ensure accountability and responsibility for the work being reported. Guidance with several options is provided for designating authorship in reports based on team science, including whether the author byline of the report includes the names of individual authors, the names of research groups, or the names of both.
A Failed Messiah and a New Beginning
Authors: deSilva David A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the aftermath of the First Revolt: the formal restructuring of Judea as a Roman province; Flavian propaganda concerning the taking of Judea; Judean voices attempting to make sense of the devastation and reinforce the ongoing value of the Jewish way of life; and economic recovery. It then moves on to developments under Hadrian, the Second Revolt led by Simeon Bar Kochba, and the refounding of Jerusalem as a fully Roman city—Aelia Capitolina, a proper colony for the families and retainers attached to the Tenth Legion “Fretensis” stationed there. As literary sources are scarce for this period, archaeological evidence and nonliterary papyri are particularly important. The chapter concludes with a brief examination of the trajectory set by the incipient rabbinic movement and, especially, the achievements of Judah ha-Nasi.
The Beatles
Authors: Thompson Gordon Ross 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The peak of the Bulge Generation turned 16 in 1963. Many left school to find jobs, while others enrolled in art schools, polytechnics, and universities. They also began to realize their power. Outnumbering adults in clubs, dance halls, and theaters, they felt able to express themselves through clothing and a host of magazines dedicated to their interests. The Beatles arrived at precisely this point in British history, taking ideas from American pop to create a new British pop and defying adult conventions. Television brought them into homes, tours took them around the UK, and their management arranged interviews with every possible new outlet. Their image and sound captured the moment and built an ecstatic fan base that the press described as Beatlemania. In their music, the critic William Mann heard an “imaginative and inventive . . . indigenous” English musical style.
Sixties British Pop, Outside In
Authors: Thompson Gordon Ross 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Itchycoo Park, 1964–1970—the second volume of Sixties British Pop, Outside In—explores how London songwriters, musicians, and production crews navigated the era’s cultural upheavals by reimagining the pop-music envelope. British songwriters, musicians, and production crews explored form, sound, and subject matter as Western society grappled with racism, sexism, war, revolution, and migration in a postcolonial world. As these creators and curators of popular culture combined interests in jazz, folk, blues, Indian ragas, and Western classical music, they created sophisticated hybrid forms that redefined pop music. Based on extensive research and drawing on vintage and original interviews, Itchycoo Park, 1964–1970 contextualizes the world of the Beatles through King Crimson in the frameworks of the postwar surge in births that created the Bulge Generation in the UK (and the Baby Boomers in America), emergent technologies, English behavior, and the places and spaces in which people created and consumed pop music.”
Beatles ’67
Authors: Thompson Gordon Ross 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the second half of the sixties, Beatlemania subsided, the Beatles' contract with EMI expired, and the group ceased touring to focus on recording. A condition of their new EMI contract meant releasing a single, a decision their producer, George Martin, described as his biggest mistake. When that disc failed to top British charts for the first time in several years, they turned to Paul McCartney’s idea of a fictitious band: Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. The resulting album proved to be the summer of 1967’s soundtrack, with praise from both the alternative and conservative presses. Their performance on the Our World program combined prerecorded and live elements, and when the disc was released it brought them back to the top of international charts, just as tragedy was to strike their enterprise. As they worked on their next project, manager Brian Epstein died of a drug overdose.
The Establishment Strikes Back
Authors: Thompson Gordon Ross 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
During the so-called Summer of Love, when the leading edge of the Bulge Generation was turning 21, adult culture pushed back against the change that youth culture was demanding. In pop music, the BBC censored recordings it felt promoted drug use and/or sexual promiscuity, and the police strip-searched club patrons and arrested pop stars. In the chaos of that summer, the Rolling Stones terminated their relationship with manager Andrew Oldham and replaced him with American Allen Klein to self-produce an album celebrating psychedelia. This atmosphere of intimidation included Parliament passing a law that abolished the pirate radio stations. In response, the Who celebrated the programs that had played their discs with an album created to sound like a Radio London broadcast. With the BBC firmly in control of radio broadcasting, the Who’s East London Mod counterparts, the Small Faces, abandoned R&B for thinly disguised psychedelic tableaux.
Classic Progressives
Authors: Thompson Gordon Ross 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As the Bulge Generation gained cultural power, musicians added sophistication to the art that some called progressive pop. Some turned to ideas from non-Western music, with Indian classical music emerging as a favored inspiration. The songs of George Harrison, the most successful and influential British musician incorporating these ideas, involved the use of the sitar with the tabla, tambura, and other instruments while adapting Indian musical forms for the contexts of pop recordings. Musicians such as Keith Emerson reinterpreted Western classical and jazz compositions, while Procol Harum’s Keith Reid and Gary Brooker with Matthew Fisher combined ideas” from Johann Sebastian Bach, the Band, and Jimmy Smith with lyrics reminiscent of T. S. Eliot. The Moody Blues took this approach down a light classical path when keyboardist Mike Pinder bought a Mellotron. The result was a series of successful albums that embedded pop songs in orchestral settings.
Something Old, Something New
Authors: Thompson Gordon Ross 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
During a visit to a Brazilian ranch, Jagger and Richards drew on country blues to rediscover themselves and the Rolling Stones as a performing band. Evicting Brian Jones, they recruited guitarist Mick Taylor to replace him and toured America, establishing a reputation as the premier purveyors of rock despite the tragedy at Altamont Speedway in California. Against the backdrop of 1968’s riots, protests, and invasions, the Beatles produced an expansive album, denounced violent revolution, and attempted to calm troubled souls. The next winter, they embarked on a project devised by Paul McCartney that filmed them writing, rehearsing, and recording songs they thought they would perform in a spectacular concert. In the end, they documented the beginnings of their dissolution. Their final album saw them back in the EMI Recording Studios in St. John’s Wood before lawyers and lawsuits rended what music had united.
Snowmobiles in Yellowstone
Authors: Nelson Thomas E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the history of the “winter use” debate—that is, the controversy over how much snowmobiling should be permitted in Yellowstone National Park. Similarities and differences between the winter use debate and the intelligent design (ID) debate are described. The chapter traces the winter use debate back to the founding of the national parks system and the mandate that the parks must uphold the oft-conflicting values of preservation and recreation. It shows how the modern debate touches on both values, along with freedom, democracy, fairness, and others. Like ID opponents, opponents of snowmobiling were put on the defensive by their adversaries’ recruitment of popular values. The chapter describes the author’s winter visit to Yellowstone, during which he observed firsthand how the national park mandate produces difficult choices among treasured values.