bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relation between birthweight, childhood body mass index, and overweight and obesity in late adolescence: a longitudinal cohort study from Norway, The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures
Authors: Evensen Elin , Emaus Nina , Kokkvoll Ane , Wilsgaard Tom , Furberg Anne-Sofie , Skeie Guri 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesChildhood overweight/obesity is associated with later overweight/obesity. However, the association between birth weight and later overweight/obesity has not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between both birth weight and childhood body mass index (BMI), and adolescent overweight/obesity in a Norwegian population.MethodsThe Tromsø Study – Fit Futures is a population-based cohort study conducted in 2010–2011 and 2012–2013 in Tromsø, Norway. A representative sample of 961 adolescents participated. Longitudinal anthropometric data were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, childhood health records at 2–4 and 5–7 years of age, and repeated measurements at 15–18 and 18–20 years of age. Outcome was defined as normal weight (adult BMI <25 kg/m2) or overweight/obese (adult BMI ≥2 5 kg/m2) at 15–20 years of age according to international age- and sex-specific cut-off values for children. Associations were investigated using generalised estimating equations.ResultsIn adjusted analyses, a 1-SD (586 g) higher birth weight was associated with a higher OR for overweight/obesity at 15–20 years of age (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.48). Childhood BMI was also associated with overweight/obesity at 15–20 years of age: a 1-SD (1.35 kg/m2) increase in BMI at age 2–4 years rendered an OR of 1.66 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.96); a 1-SD (1.83 kg/m2) increase in BMI at age 5–7 years rendered an OR of 3.23 (95% CI 2.56 to 4.07). When compared with normal-weight children, those with severe overweight/obesity in childhood (adult BMI ≥27 kg/m2) showed stronger associations with overweight/obesity at 15–20 years of age: OR 3.01 (95% CI 1.47 to 6.18) and OR 11.51 (95% CI 6.63 to 19.99) at ages 2–4 and 5–7, respectively.ConclusionAssociations between birth weight and overweight/obesity at 15–20 years of age were modest, whereas the influence of BMI at 2–4 and 5–7 years on overweight/obesity at 15–20 years was moderate to strong.
Effect of ultrasonography surveillance in patients with liver cancer: a population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Chiang Jui-Kun , Chih-Wen Lin , Kao Yee-Hsin 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveLiver cancer is a growing global public health problem. Ultrasonography is an imaging tool widely used for the early diagnosis of liver cancer. However, the effect of ultrasonography surveillance (US) on the survival of patients with liver cancer is unknown. Therefore, this study examined the association between survival and US frequency during the 2 years preceding patients’ liver cancer diagnosis.MethodsThis population-based longitudinal study was conducted in Taiwan, a region with high liver cancer incidence, by using the National Health Insurance Research Database. We compared survival between patients who received US three times or more (≥3 group) and less than three times (<3 group) during the 2 years preceding their liver cancer diagnosis, and identified the predictors for the ≥3 group.ResultsThis study enrolled 4621 patients with liver cancer who had died between 1997 and 2010. The median survival rate was higher in the ≥3 group (1.42 years) than in the <3 group (0.51 years). Five-year survival probability was also significantly higher in the ≥3 group (14.4%) than in the <3 group (7.7%). The multivariate logistic regression results showed that the three most common positive predictors for receiving three or more US sessions were indications of viral hepatitis, gallbladder diseases and kidney–urinary–bladder diseases; the most common negative predictors for receiving three or more US sessions were male sex and indications of abdominal pain.ConclusionPatients with liver cancer who received US three times or more during the 2 years preceding their liver cancer diagnosis exhibited a higher 5-year survival probability.
A combined randomised and observational study of surgery for fractures in the distal radius in the elderly (CROSSFIRE)—a study protocol
Authors: Harris Ian, A , Naylor Justine, M , Lawson Andrew , Buchbinder Rachelle , Ivers Rebecca , Balogh Zsolt , Smith Paul , Mittal Rajat , Xuan Wei , Howard Kirsten , Vafa Arezoo , Yates Piers , Rieger Bertram , Smith Geoff , Elkinson Ilia , Kim Woosung , Chehade Mellick , Sungaran Jai , Latendresse Kim , Wong James , Viswanathan Sameer , Richardson Martin , Shrestha Kush , Drobetz Herwig , Tran Phong , Loveridge Jeremy , Page Richard , Hau Raphael , Bingham Roger , Mulford Jonathan , Incoll Ian 
Published: June 2017

Fractures of the distal radius are common and occur in all age groups. The incidence is high in older populations due to osteoporosis and increased falls risk. Considerable practice variation exists in the management of distal radius fractures in older patients ranging from closed reduction with cast immobilisation to open reduction with plate fixation. Plating is currently the most common surgical treatment. While there is evidence showing no significant advantage for some forms of surgical fixation over conservative treatment, and no difference between different surgical techniques, there is a lack of evidence comparing two of the most common treatments used: closed reduction and casting versus plating. Surgical management involves significant costs and risks compared with conservative management. High-level evidence is required to address practice variation, justify costs and to provide the best clinical outcomes for patients.Methods and analysisThis pragmatic, multicentre randomised comparative effectiveness trial aims to determine whether plating leads to better pain and function and is more cost-effective than closed reduction and casting of displaced distal radius fractures in adults aged 60 years and older. The trial will compare the two techniques but will also follow consenting patients who are unwilling to be randomised in a separate, observational cohort. Inclusion of non-randomised patients addresses selection bias, provides practice and outcome insights about standard care, and improves the generalisability of the results from the randomised trial.Ethics and disseminationCROSSFIRE(Combined Randomised and Observational Study of Surgery for Fractures In the distal Radius in the Elderly) was reviewed and approved by The Hunter New England HREC (HNEHREC Reference No: 16/02/17/3.04). The results of the trial will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be disseminated via various forms of media. Results will be incorporated in clinical recommendations and practice guidelines produced by professional bodies.RegistrationCROSSFIRE has been registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR: ACTRN12616000969460).
Vitamin D status and associated factors among Portuguese older adults: results from the Nutrition UP 65 cross-sectional study
Authors: Santos Alejandro , Amaral Teresa F , Guerra Rita S , Sousa Ana S , Álvares Luisa , Moreira Pedro , Padrão Patrícia , Afonso Cláudia , Borges Nuno 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate vitamin D status and its associated factors in Portuguese older adults from the Nutrition UP 65 study.DesignCross-sectional observational study.Participants and methodsNationwide cluster sample of 1500 Portuguese subjects ≥65 years old. Participants were classified, according to US Institute of Medicine cut-offs, as presenting normal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels (≥50.0 nmol/L), at risk of inadequacy (30.0–49.9 nmol/L) or at risk of deficiency (<30 nmol/L). The association between individuals’ characteristics and 25(OH)D levels was analysed through multinomial logistic regression analysis.ResultsMedian 25(OH)D serum value was 36.1 (interquartile range (IQR): 35.5) nmol/L. According to the used cut-offs, 39.6% of participants were at risk of 25(OH)D deficiency and 29.4% were at risk of 25(OH)D inadequacy. In the adjusted model, having higher skin pigmentation and waist circumference >88 cm for women and >102 cm for men were associated with higher odds of 25(OH)D deficiency. Otherwise, living in Lisbon Metropolitan Area and in Madeira, 1–12 years of schooling, being married or in a common-law marriage, monthly income ≥€1000, alcohol consumption, medication or supplements with vitamin D supplement use, and blood samples collected in spring or summer were associated with lower odds of being at risk of 25(OH)D deficiency. In this model, season of blood sample collection, medication or supplements use, and waist circumference were the factors more strongly associated with 25(OH)D levels.ConclusionsDespite using the conservative Institute of Medicine cut-offs, over two-thirds of these study participants presented inadequate 25(OH)D levels, warranting the implementation of corrective measures. Potentially modifiable factors were strongly associated with 25(OH)D levels in this study. These findings may be particularly relevant to the development of public health policies in southern European countries.
The 2015 Middle Childhood Survey (MCS) of mental health and well-being at age 11 years in an Australian population cohort
Authors: Laurens Kristin R , Tzoumakis Stacy , Dean Kimberlie , Brinkman Sally A , Bore Miles , Lenroot Rhoshel K , Smith Maxwell , Holbrook Allyson , Robinson Kim M , Stevens Robert , Harris Felicity , Carr Vaughan J , Green Melissa J 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe Middle Childhood Survey (MCS) was designed as a computerised self-report assessment of children’s mental health and well-being at approximately 11 years of age, conducted with a population cohort of 87 026 children being studied longitudinally within the New South Wales (NSW) Child Development Study.ParticipantsSchool Principals provided written consent for teachers to administer the MCS in class to year 6 students at 829 NSW schools (35.0% of eligible schools). Parent or child opt-outs from participation were received for 4.3% of children, and MCS data obtained from 27 808 children (mean age 11.5 years, SD 0.5; 49.5% female), representing 85.9% of students at participating schools.Findings to dateDemographic characteristics of participating schools and children are representative of the NSW population. Children completed items measuring Social Integration, Prosocial Behaviour, Peer Relationship Problems, Supportive Relationships (at Home, School and in the Community), Empathy, Emotional Symptoms, Conduct Problems, Aggression, Attention, Inhibitory Control, Hyperactivity-Inattention, Total Difficulties (internalising and externalising psychopathology), Perceptual Sensitivity, Psychotic-Like Experiences, Personality, Self-esteem, Daytime Sleepiness and Connection to Nature. Distributions of responses on each item and construct demarcate competencies and vulnerabilities within the population: most children report mental health and well-being, but the population distribution spanned the full range of possible scores on every construct.Future plansMultiagency, intergenerational linkage of the MCS data with health, education, child protection, justice and early childhood development records took place late in 2016. Linked data were used to elucidate patterns of risk and protection across early and middle child development, and these data will provide a foundation for future record linkages in the cohort that will track mental and physical health, social and educational/occupational outcomes into adolescence and early adulthood.
Acute kidney injury; improving the communication from secondary to primary care
Authors: Nye Clemency , Lake Suzanna 
Published: June 2017

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common but preventable event in secondary care. It is known to be associated with poorer outcomes for the patient's future health. Patients therefore require specific after-care in the community following an AKI, both in the short and long term. However, information about an inpatient AKI is often not communicated to primary care at discharge. Only 11.0% of discharge summaries contained full information about an AKI (including stage of AKI, changes to medications and follow-up required) in August 2015.We aimed to improve communication about AKI on discharge summaries via implementation of a series of interventions between June 2015 and March 2016. A specific section was added to the discharge summary software to prompt inclusion of information regarding AKI. An automatic warning message was added later as an additional prompt. A programme of education was provided for the junior doctors. A ward-based campaign was rolled out using the animated character ‘Ned the Nephron,’ using posters, emails and screen savers. We also introduced an AKI warning sticker for drug charts, which reminds the discharging doctor that the patient has had an AKI during the admission.Our primary outcome was the percentage of discharge summaries that had the AKI section completed, as this contained all the desired information, including stage of AKI and frequency of follow up blood tests in primary care. Monthly data collections showed that this gradually increased from 4.7% in September 2015 to 35.0% in January 2016. We expect further increases with the recent introduction of the drug chart sticker.
Preventing running-related injuries using evidence-based online advice: the design of a randomised-controlled trial
Authors: Fokkema Tryntsje , Vos Robert-Jan de , van Ochten John M , Verhaar Jan AN , Davis Irene S , Bindels Patrick JE , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita MA , Middelkoop Marienke van 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRunning-related injuries (RRIs) are frequent and can lead to cessation of health promoting activities. Several risk factors for RRIs have been identified. However, no successful injury prevention programme has been developed so far. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of an evidence-based online injury prevention programme on the number of RRIs.Methods and analysisThe INSPIRE trial is a randomised-controlled trial with a 3-month follow-up. Both novice and more experienced runners, aged 18 years and older, who register for a running event (distances 5 km up to 42.195 km) will be asked to participate in this study. After completing the baseline questionnaire, participants will be randomised into either the intervention group or control group. Participants in the intervention group will get access to the online injury prevention programme. This prevention programme consists of information on evidence-based risk factors and advices to reduce the injury risk. The primary outcome measure is the number of self-reported RRIs in the time frame between registration for a running event and 1 month after the running event. Secondary outcome measures include the running days missed due to injuries, absence of work or school due to injuries, and the injury location.Ethics and disseminationAn exemption for a comprehensive application is obtained by the Medical Ethical Committee of the Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Netherlands. The results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented on international congresses.Trial registration numberNTR5998. Pre-results
EIF1AX and NRAS Mutations Co-occur and Cooperate in Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinomas
Authors: Etemadmoghadam Dariush , Azar Walid J. , Lei Ying , Moujaber Tania , Garsed Dale W. , Kennedy Catherine J. , Fereday Sian , Mitchell Chris , Chiew Yoke-Eng , Hendley Joy , Sharma Raghwa , Harnett Paul R. , Li Jason , Christie Elizabeth L. , Patch Ann-Marie , George Joshy , Au-Yeung George , Mir Arnau Gisela , Holloway Timothy P. , Semple Timothy , Pearson John V. , Waddell Nicola , Grimmond Sean M. , Köbel Martin , Rizos Helen , Lomakin Ivan B. , Bowtell David D.L. , deFazio Anna ,   for The Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (LGSC) are associated with a poor response to chemotherapy and are molecularly characterized by RAS pathway activation. Using exome and whole genome sequencing, we identified recurrent mutations in the protein translational regulator EIF1AX and in NF1, USP9X, KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS. RAS pathway mutations were mutually exclusive; however, we found significant co-occurrence of mutations in NRAS and EIF1AX. Missense EIF1AX mutations were clustered at the N-terminus of the protein in a region associated with its role in ensuring translational initiation fidelity. Coexpression of mutant NRAS and EIF1AX proteins promoted proliferation and clonogenic survival in LGSC cells, providing the first example of co-occurring, growth-promoting mutational events in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res; 77(16); 4268–78. ©2017 AACR.
Amlexanox Downregulates S100A6 to Sensitize KMT2A/AFF1-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia to TNFα Treatment
Authors: Tamai Hayato , Yamaguchi Hiroki , Miyake Koichi , Takatori Miyuki , Kitano Tomoaki , Yamanaka Satoshi , Yui Syunsuke , Fukunaga Keiko , Nakayama Kazutaka , Inokuchi Koiti 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) positive for KMT2A/AFF1 (MLL/AF4) translocation, which constitute 60% of all infant ALL cases, have a poor prognosis even after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This poor prognosis is due to one of two factors, either resistance to TNFα, which mediates a graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) response after allo-HSCT, or immune resistance due to upregulated expression of the immune escape factor S100A6. Here, we report an immune stimulatory effect against KMT2A/AFF1-positive ALL cells by treatment with the anti-allergy drug amlexanox, which we found to inhibit S100A6 expression in the presence of TNF-α. In KMT2A/AFF1-positive transgenic (Tg) mice, amlexanox enhanced tumor immunity and lowered the penetrance of leukemia development. Similarly, in a NOD/SCID mouse model of human KMT2A/AFF1-positive ALL, amlexanox broadened GVL responses and extended survival. Our findings show how amlexanox degrades the resistance of KMT2A/AFF1-positive ALL to TNFα by downregulating S100A6 expression, with immediate potential implications for improving clinical management of KMT2A/AFF1-positive ALL. Cancer Res; 77(16); 4426–33. ©2017 AACR.
Quality of Care in Chinese Hospitals: Processes and Outcomes After ST‐segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Downing Nicholas S. , Wang Yongfei , Dharmarajan Kumar , Nuti Sudhakar V. , Murugiah Karthik , Du Xue , Zheng Xin , Li Xi , Li Jing , Masoudi Frederick A. , Spertus John A. , Jiang Lixin , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: June 2017

Background
China has gaps in the quality of care provided to patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, but little is known about how quality varies between hospitals.

Methods and Results

Using nationally representative data from the China
PEACE
‐Retrospective
AMI
Study, we characterized the quality of care for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction at the hospital level and examined variation between hospitals. Two summary measures were used to describe the overall quality of care at each hospital and to characterize variations in quality between hospitals in 2001, 2006, and 2011. The composite rate measured the proportion of opportunities a hospital had to deliver 6 guideline‐recommended treatments for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction that were successfully met, while the defect‐free rate measured the proportion of patients at each hospital receiving all guideline‐recommended treatments for which they were eligible. Risk‐standardized mortality rates were calculated. Our analysis included 12 108 patients treated for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction at 162 hospitals. The median composite rate increased from 56.8% (interquartile range [
IQR
], 45.9–72.0) in 2001 to 80.5% (
IQR
, 74.7–84.8) in 2011; however, substantial variation remained in 2011 with defect‐free rates ranging from 0.0% to 76.9%. The median risk‐standardized mortality rate increased from 9.9% (
IQR
, 9.1–11.7) in 2001 to 12.6% (
IQR
, 10.9–14.6) in 2006 before falling to 10.4% (
IQR
, 9.1–12.4) in 2011.

Conclusions
Higher rates of guideline‐recommended care and a decline in variation between hospitals are indicative of an improvement in quality. Although some variation persisted in 2011, very top‐performing hospitals missed few opportunities to provide guideline‐recommended care. Quality improvement initiatives should focus on eliminating residual variation as well as measuring and improving outcomes.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01624883.
Liver Cirrhosis in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Would Oral Anticoagulation Have a Net Clinical Benefit for Stroke Prevention?
Authors: Kuo Ling , Chao Tze‐Fan , Liu Chia‐Jen , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lo Li‐Wei , Hu Yu‐Feng , Tuan Ta‐Chuan , Liao Jo‐Nan , Chung Fa‐Po , Chen Tzeng‐Ji , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Chen Shih‐Ann 
Published: June 2017

Background
Patients with liver cirrhosis have been excluded from randomized clinical trials of oral anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. We hypothesized that patients with liver cirrhosis would have a positive net clinical benefit for oral anticoagulation when used for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results

This study used the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Among 289 559 atrial fibrillation patients aged ≥20 years, there were 10 336 with liver cirrhosis, and 9056 of them having a
CHA
2
DS
2
‐
VAS
c score ≥2 were divided into 3 groups, that is, no treatment, antiplatelet therapy, and warfarin. Patients with liver cirrhosis had a higher risk of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio=1.10,
P
=0.046) and intracranial hemorrhage (hazard ratio=1.20,
P
=0.043) compared with those without. Among patients with liver cirrhosis, patients taking antiplatelet therapy had a similar risk of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio=1.02, 95%
CI
=0.88‐1.18) compared to those without antithrombotic therapies, but the risk was significantly lowered among warfarin users (hazard ratio=0.76, 95%
CI
=0.58‐0.99). For intracranial hemorrhage, there were no significant differences between those untreated and those taking antiplatelet therapy or warfarin. The use of warfarin was associated with a positive net clinical benefit compared with being untreated or receiving only antiplatelet therapy.

Conclusions
For atrial fibrillation patients with liver cirrhosis in the current analysis of an observational study, warfarin use was associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke and a positive net clinical benefit compared with nontreatment, and thus, thromboprophylaxis should be considered for such patients.