bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elective amputation and bionic substitution restore functional hand use after critical soft tissue injuries
Authors: Aszmann Oskar C. , Vujaklija Ivan , Roche Aidan D. , Salminger Stefan , Herceg Malvina , Sturma Agnes , Hruby Laura A. , Pittermann Anna , Hofer Christian , Amsuess Sebastian , Farina Dario 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCritical soft tissue injuries may lead to a non-functional and insensate limb. In these cases standard reconstructive techniques will not suffice to provide a useful outcome, and solutions outside the biological arena must be considered and offered to these patients. We propose a concept which, after all reconstructive options have been exhausted, involves an elective amputation along with a bionic substitution, implementing an actuated prosthetic hand via a structured tech-neuro-rehabilitation program. Here, three patients are presented in whom this concept has been successfully applied after mutilating hand injuries. Clinical tests conducted before, during and after the procedure, evaluating both functional and psychometric parameters, document the benefits of this approach. Additionally, in one of the patients, we show the possibility of implementing a highly functional and natural control of an advanced prosthesis providing both proportional and simultaneous movements of the wrist and hand for completing tasks of daily living with substantially less compensatory movements compared to the traditional systems. It is concluded that the proposed procedure is a viable solution for re-gaining highly functional hand use following critical soft tissue injuries when existing surgical measures fail. Our results are clinically applicable and can be extended to institutions with similar resources.
On the early and developed stages of surface condensation: competition mechanism between interfacial and condensate bulk thermal resistances
Authors: Sun Jie , Wang Hua Sheng 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe use molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the early and developed stages of surface condensation. We find that the liquid-vapor and solid-liquid interfacial thermal resistances depend on the properties of solid and fluid, which are time-independent, while the condensate bulk thermal resistance depends on the condensate thickness, which is time-dependent. There exists intrinsic competition between the interfacial and condensate bulk thermal resistances in timeline and the resultant total thermal resistance determines the condensation intensity for a given vapor-solid temperature difference. We reveal the competition mechanism that the interfacial thermal resistance dominates at the onset of condensation and holds afterwards while the condensate bulk thermal resistance gradually takes over with condensate thickness growing. The weaker the solid-liquid bonding, the later the takeover occurs. This competition mechanism suggests that only when the condensate bulk thermal resistance is reduced after it takes over the domination can the condensation be effectively intensified. We propose a unified theoretical model for the thermal resistance analysis by making dropwise condensation equivalent to filmwise condensation. We further find that near a critical point (contact angle being ca. 153°) the bulk thermal resistance has the least opportunity to take over the domination while away from it the probability increases.
Correlation of social cognition and neurocognition on psychotic outcome: a naturalistic follow-up study of subjects with attenuated psychosis syndrome
Authors: Zhang TianHong , Cui HuiRu , Tang YingYing , Xu LiHua , Li HuiJun , Wei YanYan , Liu XiaoHua , Chow Annabelle , Li ChunBo , Jiang KaiDa , Xiao ZePing , Wang JiJun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNeurocognitive decline has been observed in patients with psychosis as well as attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS). We tested the hypothesis that APS increases dependence on neurocognition during the interpretation of others’ mental states and that a combination index of Theory of Mind (ToM) and neurocognition improves the predictive accuracy of psychosis conversion. A sample of 83 APS individuals and 90 healthy controls (HC) were assessed by comprehensive cognitive tests. The cohort also completed a one-year follow-up. In the APS group, ToM was associated with an apparent increase in neurocognition, but this trend was not evident in the HC group. Using the new index of combined neurocognition and ToM scores, the sensitivity for predicting psychosis-proneness was 75% and the specificity was 69%. Our data suggest that the correlations between ToM function and neurocognition in APS subjects were stronger than those in healthy controls. A composite index of neurocognition and ToM could improve the predictive validity of a future conversion to psychosis.
Sub-Diffraction Limited Writing based on Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS)
Authors: He Xiaolong , Datta Anurup , Nam Woongsik , Traverso Luis M. , Xu Xianfan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractControlled fabrication of single and multiple nanostructures far below the diffraction limit using a method based on laser induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) is presented. In typical LIPSS, multiple lines with a certain spatial periodicity, but often not well-aligned, were produced. In this work, well-controlled and aligned nanowires and nanogrooves with widths as small as 40 nm and 60 nm with desired orientation and length are fabricated. Moreover, single nanowire and nanogroove were fabricated based on the same mechanism for forming multiple, periodic structures. Combining numerical modeling and AFM/SEM analyses, it was found these nanostructures were formed through the interference between the incident laser radiation and the surface plasmons, the mechanism for forming LIPSS on a dielectric surface using a high power femtosecond laser. We expect that our method, in particular, the fabrication of single nanowires and nanogrooves could be a promising alternative for fabrication of nanoscale devices due to its simplicity, flexibility, and versatility.
Comprehensive Plasma Metabolomic Analyses of Atherosclerotic Progression Reveal Alterations in Glycerophospholipid and Sphingolipid Metabolism in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice
Authors: Dang Vi T. , Huang Aric , Zhong Lexy H. , Shi Yuanyuan , Werstuck Geoff H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAtherosclerosis is the major underlying cause of most cardiovascular diseases. Despite recent advances, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of atherogenesis are not clear. In this study, comprehensive plasma metabolomics were used to investigate early-stage atherosclerotic development and progression in chow-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice at 5, 10 and 15 weeks of age. Comprehensive plasma metabolomic profiles, based on 4365 detected metabolite features, differentiate atherosclerosis-prone from atherosclerosis-resistant models. Metabolites in the sphingomyelin pathway were significantly altered prior to detectable lesion formation and at all subsequent time-points. The cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerol pathway was up-regulated during stage I of atherosclerosis, while metabolites in the phosphatidylethanolamine and glycosphingolipid pathways were augmented in mice with stage II lesions. These pathways, involving glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, were also significantly affected during the course of atherosclerotic progression. Our findings suggest that distinct plasma metabolomic profiles can differentiate the different stages of atherosclerotic progression. This study reveals that alteration of specific, previously unreported pathways of glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism are associated with atherosclerosis. The clear difference in the level of several metabolites supports the use of plasma lipid profiling as a diagnostic tool of atherogenesis.
DNA methylation landscape of fat deposits and fatty acid composition in obese and lean pigs
Authors: Zhang Shunhua , Shen Linyuan , Xia Yudong , Yang Qiong , Li Xuewei , Tang Guoqing , Jiang Yanzhi , Wang Jinyong , Li Mingzhou , Zhu Li 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObese and lean type pig breeds exhibit differences in their fat deposits and fatty acid composition. Here, we compared the effect of genome-wide DNA methylation on fatty acid metabolism between Landrace pigs (LP, leaner) and Rongchang pigs (RP, fatty). We found that LP backfat (LBF) had a higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content but a lower adipocyte volume than RP backfat (RBF). LBF exhibited higher global DNA methylation levels at the genome level than RBF. A total of 483 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were located in promoter regions, mainly affecting olfactory and sensory activity and lipid metabolism. In LBF, the promoters of genes related to ATPase activity had significantly stronger methylation. This fact may suggest lower energy metabolism levels, which may result in less efficient lipid synthesis in LBF. Furthermore, we identified a DMR in the miR-4335 and miR-378 promoters and validated their methylation status by bisulfite sequencing PCR. The hypermethylation of the promoters of miR-4335 and miR-378 in LBF and the resulting silencing of the target genes may result in LBF’s low content in saturated fatty acids and fat deposition capacity. This study provides a solid basis for exploring the epigenetic mechanisms affecting fat deposition and fatty acid composition.
Differential Coexpression Analysis Reveals Extensive Rewiring of Arabidopsis Gene Coexpression in Response to Pseudomonas syringae Infection
Authors: Jiang Zhenhong , Dong Xiaobao , Li Zhi-Gang , He Fei , Zhang Ziding 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPlant defense responses to pathogens involve massive transcriptional reprogramming. Recently, differential coexpression analysis has been developed to study the rewiring of gene networks through microarray data, which is becoming an important complement to traditional differential expression analysis. Using time-series microarray data of Arabidopsis thaliana infected with Pseudomonas syringae, we analyzed Arabidopsis defense responses to P. syringae through differential coexpression analysis. Overall, we found that differential coexpression was a common phenomenon of plant immunity. Genes that were frequently involved in differential coexpression tend to be related to plant immune responses. Importantly, many of those genes have similar average expression levels between normal plant growth and pathogen infection but have different coexpression partners. By integrating the Arabidopsis regulatory network into our analysis, we identified several transcription factors that may be regulators of differential coexpression during plant immune responses. We also observed extensive differential coexpression between genes within the same metabolic pathways. Several metabolic pathways, such as photosynthesis light reactions, exhibited significant changes in expression correlation between normal growth and pathogen infection. Taken together, differential coexpression analysis provides a new strategy for analyzing transcriptional data related to plant defense responses and new insights into the understanding of plant-pathogen interactions.
Preparation of nano‐MgO by ionic liquid‐assisted solid‐state reaction
Authors: Chen Hukui , Luo Zhuxi , Chen Xiaogong , Kang Fang 
Published: October 2016

Nanocrystalline MgO particles with a cubic phase structure have been synthesised via ionic liquid (IL)‐assisted solid‐state reaction. The necessary characterisations such as XRD, EDS, FTIR, SEM and TEM have been carried out to investigate the obtained materials. The results show that the synthesised MgO consisted of a large quantity of sphere‐like nanocrystals with average particle size of ∼26.3 nm, and had high crystallinity and narrow particle size distribution. Compared with solid‐state reaction method, this method has the advantages of fast reaction rate and high yield. This indicates that IL‐assisted solid‐state reaction appears to be a promising method for the manufacture of nanometre MgO in industry.
P ‐doping decrease and mobility increase of graphene in atmosphere
Authors: Zhang Qingwei , Li Ping , Wang Gang 
Published: October 2016

An approach to decrease the P ‐doping density of graphene and increase the mobility of graphene field‐effect transistors (GFETs) is reported. With a layer of natural aluminium oxide (natural‐AlOx) thin film covered on the surface of graphene, the Dirac point voltage of the GFETs decreases 25 V while it experiences the mobility increase of 42 cm2/(V s) after exposure in the atmosphere for 1 month. To understand this phenomenon, other two situations are researched, the Dirac point voltage of the identical GFETs with no thin film on graphene increases more than 15 V and its mobility decreases 90 cm2/(V s) after 1 month. The last situation is that the Dirac point voltage and the mobility have no significant changes with an AlOx deposited by electron beam evaporation (Al2O3‐EBE) on graphene. These phenomena indicate that the natural‐AlOx thin film is capable of reducing p ‐type impurities on the graphene and bringing the better reliability to the GFETs.
Role of Glioblastoma Craniotomy Related to Patient Survival: A 10-Year Survey in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Saman , Hussain Kamran 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA total of 270 glioblastoma patients were treated for tumor resection during 2004 to 2014. The following variables were examined: patient age group (PAG) and percent of the extent of resection (EOR) in four types of resections: gross total resection (GTR), subtotal resection (STR), partial resection (PR), and biopsy/decompression (BD). The Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) was used and the average survival time noted. The least survival time (7 months) was noticed in the patient age group 18 to 35 years with biopsy only, whereas, the maximum survival time (14.5 months) was noted with the patient age group 54 to 71 years by gross tumor resection. The largest number of (n = 76) patients had PR (80%) and these patients had an average survival time of 10.5 months. Total 190 patients out of 270, with EOR (100–80%) had a KPS score “0” (80 and above) and total 80 patients out of 270 patients, with EOR (50%) had a KPS score “1” (below 80). The correlation was statistically significant at (p < 0.050) for EOR (%) and KPS score (0/1) only. Correlation analysis showed that the maximum resection has a strong impact on the glioblastoma patient's survival. A lesser EOR correlated with poor quality of life and also a decreased survival of patients.
Large‐Scale Changes in Bloater Growth and Condition in Lake Huron
Authors: Prichard Carson G. , Roseman Edward F. , Keeler Kevin M. , O'Brien Timothy P. , Riley Stephen C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNative BloatersCoregonus hoyihave exhibited multiple strong year‐classes since 2005 and now are the most abundant benthopelagic offshore prey fish in Lake Huron, following the crash of nonnative AlewivesAlosa pseudoharengusand substantial declines in nonnative Rainbow SmeltOsmerus mordax. Despite recent recoveries in Bloater abundance, marketable‐size (>229 mm) Bloaters remain scarce. We used annual survey data to assess temporal and spatial dynamics of Bloater body condition and lengths at age in the main basin of Lake Huron from 1973 to 2014. Basinwide lengths at age were modeled by cohort for the 1973–2003 year‐classes using a von Bertalanffy growth model with time‐varying Brody growth coefficient (k) and asymptotic length () parameters. Median Bloater weights at selected lengths were estimated to assess changes in condition by modeling weight–length relations with an allometric growth model that allowed growth parameters to vary spatially and temporally. Estimated Bloater lengths at age declined 14–24% among ages 4–8 for all year‐classes between 1973 and 2004. Estimates ofdeclined from a peak of 394 mm (1973 year‐class) to a minimum of 238 mm (1998 year‐class). Observed mean lengths at age in 2014 were at all‐time lows, suggesting that year‐classes comprising the current Bloater population would have to follow growth trajectories unlike those characterizing the 1973–2003 year‐classes to attain marketable size. Furthermore, estimated weights of 250‐mm Bloaters (i.e., a large, commercially valuable size‐class) declined 17% among all regions from 1976 to 2007. Decreases in body condition of large Bloaters are associated with lower lipid content and may be linked to marked declines in abundance of the amphipodsDiporeiaspp. in Lake Huron. We hypothesize that since at least 1976, large Bloaters have become more negatively buoyant and may have incurred an increasingly greater metabolic cost performing diel vertical migrations to prey upon the opossum shrimpMysis diluvianaand zooplankton.Received March 4, 2016; accepted July 12, 2016 Published online October 7, 2016
Family Dominance at the Fry Stage Weakly Influences Mean Family Body Length at Smolting in Hatchery‐Reared Steelhead
Authors: Thompson Neil F. , Blouin Michael S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSteelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss reared in hatcheries rapidly adapt to captivity. However, the traits under selection in captivity are not well understood. Hatchery‐reared salmonids are generally more aggressive than wild fish. Therefore, it is possible that selection in hatcheries favors increased aggressiveness because aggressive fish may dominate food resources and grow larger, resulting in a fitness advantage at release. We tested whether family dominance at the fry stage correlates with mean family fork length at smolting of the same families raised in a parallel experiment. Family dominance was assessed when families were first interacting with each other as fry. Juveniles in the parallel experiment were raised at high or low density to determine whether the effect of family dominance on mean family fork length was stronger at low density. More‐dominant families were slightly larger at smolting, and the effect changed little between density treatments. Although the effect we observed was modest, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that dominance as fry is a trait under selection in hatcheries.Received April 8, 2016; accepted July 28, 2016 Published online October 7, 2016
Using a stakeholder-engaged approach to develop and validate electronic clinical quality measures
Authors: Herndon Jill Boylston , Aravamudhan Krishna , Stephenson Ronald L , Brandon Ryan , Ruff Jesley , Catalanotto Frank , Le Huong 
Published: October 2016

Objective: To describe the stakeholder-engaged processes used to develop, specify, and validate 2 oral health care electronic clinical quality measures.Materials and Methods: A broad range of stakeholders were engaged from conception through testing to develop measures and test feasibility, reliability, and validity following National Quality Forum guidance. We assessed data element feasibility through semistructured interviews with key stakeholders using a National Quality Forum–recommended scorecard. We created test datasets of synthetic patients to test measure implementation feasibility and reliability within and across electronic health record (EHR) systems. We validated implementation with automated reporting of EHR clinical data against manual record reviews, using the kappa statistic.Results: A stakeholder workgroup was formed and guided all development and testing processes. All critical data elements passed feasibility testing. Four test datasets, representing 577 synthetic patients, were developed and implemented within EHR vendors’ software, demonstrating measure implementation feasibility. Measure reliability and validity were established through implementation at clinical practice sites, with kappa statistic values in the “almost perfect” agreement range of 0.80–0.99 for all but 1 measure component, which demonstrated “substantial” agreement. The 2 validated measures were published in the United States Health Information Knowledgebase.Conclusion: The stakeholder-engaged processes used in this study facilitated a successful measure development and testing cycle. Engaging stakeholders early and throughout development and testing promotes early identification of and attention to potential threats to feasibility, reliability, and validity, thereby averting significant resource investments that are unlikely to be fruitful.
Matched-filtering line search methods applied to Suzaku data
Authors: Miyazaki Naoto , Yamada Shin'ya , Enoto Teruaki , Axelsson Magnus , Ohashi Takaya 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A detailed search for emission and absorption lines and an assessment of their upper limits are performed for Suzaku data. The method utilizes a matched-filtering approach to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio for a given energy resolution, which could be applicable to many types of line search. We first applied it to well-known active galactic nuclei spectra that have been reported to have ultra-fast outflows, and find that our results are consistent with previous findings at the ∼3σ level. We proceeded to search for emission and absorption features in two bright magnetars 4U 0142+61 and 1RXS J1708−4009, applying the filtering method to Suzaku data. We found that neither source showed any significant indication of line features, even using long-term Suzaku observations or dividing their spectra into spin phases. The upper limits on the equivalent width of emission/absorption lines are constrained to be a few eV at ∼1 keV and a few hundreds of eV at ∼10 keV. This strengthens previous reports that persistently bright magnetars do not show proton cyclotron absorption features in soft X-rays and, even if they exist, they would be broadened or much weaker than below the detection limit of X-ray CCD.
Fitness-valley crossing in subdivided asexual populations
Authors: McLaren Michael R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAdaptations may require multiple mutations that are beneficial only in combination. To adapt, a lineage must acquire mutations that are individually neutral or deleterious before gaining the beneficial combination, thereby crossing a plateau or valley, respectively, in the mapping from genotype to fitness. Spatial population structure can facilitate plateau and valley crossing by allowing neutral and deleterious lineages to survive longer and produce more beneficial mutants. Here, we analyze adaptation across a two-mutation plateau or valley in an asexual population that is subdivided into discrete subpopulations, or demes, connected by migration. We describe how subdivision alters the dynamics of adaptation from those in an equally sized unstructured population and give a complete quantitative description of these dynamics for the island migration model. Subdivision can significantly decrease the waiting time for the adaptation if demes and migration rates are small enough that single-mutant lineages fix in one or more demes before producing the beneficial double mutant. But, the potential decrease is small in very large populations and may also be limited by the slow spread of the beneficial mutant in extremely subdivided populations. Subdivision has a smaller effect on the probability that the population adapts very quickly than on the mean time to adapt, which has important consequences in some applications, such as the development of cancer. Our results provide a general and intuitive framework for predicting the effects of spatial structure in other models and in natural populations.