bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Philosophy and Enlightenment: The Role of Epistemology in the Education of Citizens
Authors: Hartoonian Michael 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This essay addresses the nature of philosophy and its role in the education of citizens and their critical discussions about public issues. Because philosophical study develops perspectives and critiques of fundamental human values and behaviors it can help us stop fragmenting our knowledge and cultural resources. When we fail to use these resources, our investigations fall into the quicksand of simple-minded answers to complex problems. In truth, can issues like war and peace, abortion, trade, environmental pollution, genetic engineering, and space exploration be critically discussed without some awareness of how knowledge is created and contested?
Opting Out as Democratic Engagement? The Public Dimensions and Challenges of Education Activism
Authors: Wilson Terri S. , Hastings Matthew , Moses Michele S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In recent years, widespread efforts to “opt out” of state tests have pressured school districts, states, and the federal government to reconsider the extent and limits of state assessments. This activism raises a number of questions about the relationship between democratic participation and public institutions. What is the relationship between state authority, expertise, and public opinion? In what ways should citizens be engaged in the public policy process? Are there times in which the state—in subverting the will of citizens—might be reshaped through public activism? We draw on Dewey's concept of “the public” to explore the democratic qualities and consequences of this activism. We highlight two conceptual resources from Dewey's 1927 The Public and its Problems: how publics are formed when they share consequences, and the role of public expertise in addressing social problems. Through these resources, we argue that the opt out movement might be understood as an overlapping set of publics promoting democratic engagement in education. At the same time, Dewey's understanding of the public poses critical questions about the democratic qualities and broader consequences of this emerging movement.
S. S. Stevens’s Invariant Legacy: Scale Types and the Power Law
Authors: Ward Lawrence M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
S. S. Stevens was one of a number of prominent psychologists who published seminal articles in The American Journal of Psychology (AJP). Indeed, the first or, arguably, most important articles in several of his research strands were published there. In this brief treatment of his monumental work, I review these articles and some of their sequelae, both in Stevens’s own work and in that of others, in an attempt to sketch out how Stevens’s contributions in AJP helped form the development of experimental sensory and perceptual psychology throughout the 20th century. I focus on his work in psychophysical scaling, because in my opinion that has been his most important legacy. Indeed, the article that probably generated the flurry of work in psychophysical scaling that persisted into the 1990s was a brilliant work published in 1956 in AJP. In that article Stevens not only demonstrated the validity and reliability of direct scaling (in this case magnitude estimation and production) but also investigated a range of factors that could affect its results, anchoring the later work that led to its adoption as the fundamental and most popular approach to psychophysical scaling still in use today. In this section I also expand on a few of the modern directions in which this work has gone. Stevens also published in AJP classic articles on the localization of sound, the dimensions of sound, the relation of volume to intensity, and the neural quantum in pitch and loudness discrimination. He even contributed an article on scaling coffee odor. His work is a stellar example of how AJP has influenced psychological science then and now.
Effects of Tropical Climate on Mental Rotation: The Role of Imagery Ability
Authors: Robin Nicolas , Coudevylle Guillaume R. , Hue Olivier , Sinnapah Stephane 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This study examined how a tropical climate (i.e., hot and wet climatic environment) could affect mental rotation according to imagery ability. The participants performed 2 test sessions in a tropical climate (TC), then in air conditioning (AC), in a randomized order. During each session, the participants completed the Movement Imagery Questionnaire, revised version (MIQ-R) and the Vandenberg Mental Rotation Test (VMRT). A first analysis including all the participants revealed that men had better VMRT scores than women in AC, which confirms the gender effect generally observed. However, no statistical gender difference was observed in TC, in which men performed worse. A second analysis including MIQ-R scores as participant selection found a significant interaction between imagery ability and climate condition and revealed that poor imagers had worse VMRT scores in TC than in AC, whereas no significant difference was observed for good imagers. Moreover, MIQ-R scores were lower in TC than in AC for the visual and kinesthetic imagery. More precisely, good imagers had significantly lower visual imagery MIQ-R scores in TC than in AC, and kinesthetic imagery MIQ-R scores of poor imagers tended to deteriorate in TC. The results of this study are consistent with the idea that TC can negatively affect mental rotation, motor imagery, and imagery ability, and the influence of TC on them is discussed. More research is needed to investigate the effects of hygrometry on imagery.
Between Pink Noise and White Noise: A Digital History of The American Journal of Psychology and Psychological Review
Authors: Benjafield John G. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The frequency with which authors contribute to The American Journal of Psychology (AJP) or Psychological Review (PR) is analyzed from the inceptions of both journals (1887 for AJP and 1894 for PR) until 2015. In the beginning, a small number of authors tend to make a large percentage of contributions, but this percentage shrinks over time. The slopes of the author distributions for each journal start out close to -1 (pink noise) and then gradually drift toward 0 (white noise). This means that the distributions flatten as the authors become more diverse, which in turn changes the experience of reading the journals. An explanation of these findings focuses on two factors. One is an increase in the amount of congestion as the number of authors grows ever larger. The other is a decline in the cohesiveness of the community of authors.
Instrument in Tow: Bringing Musical Skills to the Field
Authors: Flood Liza Sapir 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEntering the field with previously attained musical skills may help facilitate initial immersion. However, it may also deceptively signal to informants that an ethnographer is fluent in local intersocial practices. Reflexivity about this disjuncture can be an analytic tool within ethnographic methodology. I draw on field research in eastern Tennessee to show how my fiddling skills positioned me within ongoing social and musical encounters, despite my lack of more nuanced cultural knowledge. I treat the resulting confusion as valuable data in a case study on classed sociomusical interaction and self-making.
Factors Associated with a Prolonged Length of Hospital Stay in Patients with Diabetic Foot: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Choi Sang Kyu , Kim Cheol Keun , Jo Dong In , Lee Myung Chul , Kim Jee Nam , Choi Hyun Gon , Shin Dong Hyeok , Kim Soon Heum 
Published: November 2017

Background We conducted this study to identify factors that may prolong the length of the hospital stay (LHS) in patients with diabetic foot (DF) in a single-institution setting.
Methods In this single-center retrospective study, we evaluated a total of 164 patients with DF, and conducted an intergroup comparison of their baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, including sex, age, duration of diabetes, smoking status, body mass index, underlying comorbidities (e.g., hypertension or diabetic nephropathy), wound characteristics,type of surgery, the total medical cost, white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and albumin, protein, glycated hemoglobin, and 7-day mean blood glucose (BG) levels.
Results Pearson correlation analysis showed that an LHS of >5 weeks had a significant positive correlation with the severity of the wound (r=0.647), WBC count (r=0.571), CRP levels (r=0.390), DN (r=0.020), and 7-day mean BG levels (r=0.120) (P<0.05). In multiple regression analysis, an LHS of >5 weeks had a significant positive correlation with the severity of the wound (odds ratio [OR]=3.297; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.324–10.483; P=0.020), WBC count (OR=1.423; 95% CI, 0.046–0.356; P=0.000), CRP levels (OR=1.079; 95% CI, 1.015–1.147; P=0.014), albumin levels (OR=0.263; 95% CI, 0.113–3.673; P=0.007), and 7-day mean BG levels (OR=1.018; 95% CI, 1.001–1.035; P=0.020).
Conclusions Surgeons should consider the factors associated with a prolonged LHS in the early management of patients with DF. Moreover, this should also be accompanied by a multidisciplinary approach to reducing the LHS.
Alterações antropométricas em crianças com doença falciforme
Authors: Nogueira Zeni Drubi , Mendes Carlos Mauricio Cardeal , Boa-Sorte Ney , Amorim Tatiana , Leite Maria Efigênia De Queiroz 
Published: November 2017

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: ">Introdução</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: ">: Anormalidades antropométricas são observadas em crianças com doença falciforme antes dos dois anos de vida, tendo como principais fatores relacionados o gasto energético em repouso elevado, a maior frequência de internações e a reduzida ingestão energética e de micronutrientes. <strong>Objetivo</strong>: Revisar os principais mecanismos envolvidos no déficit antropométrico de crianças com doença falciforme. <strong>Discussão</strong>: A doença falciforme apresenta alterações multissitêmicas e heterogêneas, sendo as crises álgicas ocasionadas pela vaso-oclusão, a hemólise crônica e a maior susceptibilidade às infecções os eventos clínicos mais relacionados. Esse conjunto de fatores contribui para que essas crianças apresentem maior gasto energético em repouso e ingestão calórica reduzida, mesmo em períodos assintomáticos, resultando em desbalanço energético, déficits antropométricos e alterações na composição corporal, influenciados pelo genótipo, persistência de hemoglobina fetal elevada, acesso à assistência médica, cuidados pessoais, hidratação, alimentação, condição socioeconômica, entre outros. <strong>Conclusão</strong>: Apesar das limitações metodológicas de muitos estudos que medem o gasto energético e ingestão calórica de crianças com doença falciforme, todos concordam que essas crianças apresentam, com maior frequência, déficits antropométricos, especialmente quando presente a homozigose para a hemoglobina S, a anemia falciforme. A fisiopatologia da doença falciforme indica um aumento do gasto energético devido à hemólise crônica, aumento da taxa cardíaca e maior incidência de infecções. </span></p>
Biocerâmicas e polímero para a regeneração de defeitos ósseos críticos
Authors: Ribeiro Iorrana Índira Dos Anjos , Almeida Renata Dos Santos , Rocha Daniel Navarro da , Da Silva Marcelo Henrique Prado , Miguel Fúlvio Borges , Rosa Fabiana Paim 
Published: November 2017

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family: ">Introdução:</span></strong><span style="font-family: "> Um grande desafio para a medicina e para os pesquisadores da área de Bioengenharia Tecidual Óssea é desenvolver e aperfeiçoar técnicas e biomateriais que possam devolver a estrutura e funcionalidade do tecido ósseo em situações de perdas ósseas extensas. <strong>Objetivo: </strong>Avaliar a resposta tecidual após a implantação de biomateriais biocerâmicos: hidroxiapatita (HA) e compósitos, HA associado ao biovidro (Bv) ou ao alginato (alg).<span style="color: red;"> </span><strong>Metodologia:</strong> Uma amostra de 12 ratos da linhagem <em>Wistar</em>, machos adultos, foram utilizados e distribuídos para a composição de 4 grupos experimentais, avaliados no ponto biológico de 15 dias de pós-operatório: MHA – grupo com defeito preenchido com microesferas de HA; MHABv – grupo com defeito preenchido com microesferas de HA associada ao Bv; MHAalg – grupo com defeito preenchido com microesferas de HA associada ao alg; e Controle – defeito ósseo vazio sem implantação de biomaterial. <strong>Resultados:</strong> Os grupos MHA e MHAalg apresentaram uma neoformação óssea associada a borda óssea mais evidente que os grupos MHABv e Controle, estes últimos obtiveram uma neoformação restrita a borda do defeito. Em todos os grupos foi observada uma reação inflamatória crônica discreta, a qual nos grupos com implantação de biomaterial foi granulomatosa com a presença de células gigantes multinucleadas. <strong>Conclusão:</strong> Os biomateriais apresentaram-se como biocompatíveis e osteocondutores.</span><strong><span style="font-family: "> </span></strong></p>
Termografia infravermelha pré e pós-uso da Therapy Taping para controle da dor do paciente com fascite plantar: relato de caso
Authors: Leite Márcia Maria Peixoto , Toralles Maria Betânia Pereira 
Published: November 2017

<div><strong>Introdução</strong>: A Fascite Plantar é uma inflamação da fáscia plantar causada por micro traumas na região. Não há estudos que descrevam os efeitos da bandagem funcional <em>therapy taping</em> sob a ótica da termografia clínica funcional por imagem infravermelha. <strong>Objetivo: </strong>Relatar um Caso em que se utilizou a termografia, para verificar se a <em>Therapy Taping</em> reduz a dor do paciente com fascite plantar. <strong>Relato de Caso</strong>: Paciente J.C.G.D., sexo masculino, 64 anos, com diagnóstico de fascite plantar unilateral e esporão de calcâneo ao raio X do pé esquerdo. Quantificou-se a dor referida, através da Termografia pré e pós tratamento fisioterapêutico. O exame foi feito em ambiente térmicamente controlado com temperatura entre 22 e 24 0C. Para registro das imagens foi utilizado o termógrafo ThermaCAM® T400 da FLIR Systems, com resolução de 76.800 pixels. Instituiu-se o <em>Therapy Taping</em> por 24 horas. O paciente assinou o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. <strong>Resultado</strong>: A termografia Pré uso da <em>Therapy Taping</em> revelou hiperradiação em região plantar do pé esquerdo com hot spots em calcâneo com temperatura de 33 oC e diferencial térmico de 1oC em relação à área correspondente do pé direito, que foi 32 oC. A termografia após 24 horas de uso da bandagem demonstrou melhora da hiperradiação em pé esquerdo, em relação ao pé direito, com diferencial térmico reduzido para 0,4ºC. <strong>Conclusão</strong>: O <em>Therapy Taping </em>reduziu a dor do paciente com fascite plantar e esta redução pode ser quantificada objetivamente através da Termografia clinica Funcional por</div><div>imagem infravermelha.</div>
Cannabis-Derived Product Types, Flavors, and Compound Types From an E-Commerce Website
Authors: Nali Matthew C. , Yang Joshua S. , Li Zhuoran , Larsen Meng Zhen , Mackey Tim K. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceCannabis-derived products (CDPs) are widely available and diverse. A classification of product and flavor types is necessary to establish a foundation for comparative research, although research aiming to classify cannabis in its variety of products, flavors, and cannabinoid compounds based on public online e-commerce data is lacking.ObjectiveTo analyze data from a large cannabis e-commerce marketplace to identify and characterize cannabis product types, flavors, and compound types.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study was conducted in 2 phases: (1) data mining of the cannabis e-commerce website Weedmaps for product listings in the US between September 1 and November 30, 2023 and (2) grouping CDPs into product, flavor, and cannabinoid compound categories.ExposuresCannabis product listings.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProduct listings and descriptions were extracted from the platform. Coding was performed for specific product characteristics, routes of administration (ROAs), and characterization of flavors.ResultsA total of 573 854 unique US CDP sales listings from the platform were collected; after removing 72 842 nonconsumable items, 501 012 were analyzed. Product ROAs included multisystem (205 637 [41.04%]), respiratory (185 296 [36.98%]), digestive (98 941 [19.75%]), epidermal (9487 [1.89%]), and oral (1651 [0.33%]). Nearly half (210 575 [42.03%]) of all product listings included at least 1 flavor, with 247 762 instances of flavors. The 3 most common flavors were lemon (22 106 [8.92%]), cake (19 463 [7.86%]), and strawberry (13 961 [5.63%]). The most common cannabinoid compound type was Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (54 699 [63.30%]).Conclusions and RelevanceThis qualitative study categorized more than half a million CDPs for product and flavor types. Results are needed for comparative studies on product and market availability and can help in assessing concerns about appealing characteristics. The results can also inform future market surveillance efforts aimed at identifying new and emerging products as cannabis policy continues to move toward greater legalization.
Evaluating Criteria for Symptoms Suggestive of Early Osteoarthritis Over Two Years Post–Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Data From the New Zealand Anterior Cruciate Ligament Registry
Authors: Harkey Matthew S. , Driban Jeffrey B. , Todem David , Kuenze Christopher , Mahmoudian Armaghan , Meiring Rebecca , O'Brien Daniel , Ward Sarah 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe objectives were to determine the prevalence of meeting criteria for symptoms suggestive of early osteoarthritis (OA) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and to characterize the longitudinal changes in these symptoms during the first two years post‐ACLR.MethodsWe analyzed data from 10,231 patients aged 14 to 40 years in the New Zealand ACL Registry who completed the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at 6, 12, and 24 months post‐ACLR. Symptoms suggestive of early OA were defined as scoring ≤85% on at least two of four KOOS subscales. Longitudinal patterns of change were categorized as persistent, resolution, new, inconsistent, or no symptoms across the three visits. Prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) of symptoms were compared across visits, sex, and age groups using generalized estimating equations, and longitudinal patterns of symptom change were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsPrevalence of meeting criteria of symptoms suggestive of early OA was 68% at 6 months, 54% at 12 months, and 46% at 24 months post‐ACLR. Longitudinally, 33% had persistent symptoms, 23% had no symptoms, 29% showed symptom resolution, 6% developed new symptoms, and 9% had inconsistent symptoms. Women consistently showed higher odds of symptoms (OR range 1.17–1.52). Older age groups demonstrated higher odds of symptoms, particularly at 6 months (OR range 1.64–2.45).ConclusionSymptoms suggestive of early OA are highly prevalent within two years post‐ACLR, with one third of patients experiencing persistent symptoms. These findings indicate that symptoms are more likely to persist rather than newly develop, emphasizing the importance of early identification and targeted interventions.image
Integration of a Paper‐Based Supercapacitor and Flexible Perovskite Mini‐Module: Toward Self‐Powered Portable and Wearable Electronics
Authors: Lomeri Hamed Javanbakht , Patra Abhinandan , Polino Giuseppina , Ali Jazib , Jafarzadeh Farshad , Rout Chandra Sekhhar , Matteocci Fabio , De Rossi Francesca , Brunetti Francesca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn all‐flexible self‐powering unit, combining a flexible perovskite solar mini‐module for energy conversion and ultra‐flexible screen‐printed interdigitated carbon supercapacitors on paper for energy storage, is designed and developed. Through a hybrid bifurcated structure, the supercapacitors are connected in series and neatly layered on a paper substrate with the perovskite solar mini‐module strategically placed on top for seamless integration. The photosupercapacitor quickly reaches saturated voltage under various light intensities (1 sun, 1000 lx, 500 lx, and 200 lx) and displays a self‐discharge time of over 2 minutes. It delivers peak overall and storage efficiencies of 2.8% and 23%, respectively, and exhibits an extensive potential window of 3.8 V, making it a prominent choice for real time applications in electronic systems. In a nutshell, the inherent flexibility of both the solar module and the storage system, coupled with the space‐saving design, and the extensive potential window of the hybrid photosupercapacitor paves the way for implementation in portable and wearable electronics operating in indoor environments, ushering a new era of more versatile and adaptable energy solutions.
A Tissue‐Equivalent, Reusable Dosimeter for 3D Verification of Radiotherapy
Authors: Jensen Mads L. , Nielsen Camilla L. , Jensen Morten B. , Muren Ludvig P. , Turtos Rosana M. , Julsgaard Brian , Balling Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA new tissue‐equivalent, reusable material for dosimetric verification of radiotherapy is developed and characterized. The material comprises a hydrogel matrix containing copper‐doped lithium fluoride nanoparticles that exhibit optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). Using a laser light sheet and a sensitive camera equipped with appropriate filters, the OSL signal is read out layer by layer thus constructing the 3D dose distribution. The good tissue equivalence allows the new material to register the dose from a prescribed treatment plan as if delivered to a patient. Cubic dosimeters measuring 50 × 50 × 50 mm3 are developed and used to measure 3D dose distributions (from voxels measuring 0.8 × 0.8 × 1.0 mm3) with a statistical dose precision of 5% at 100 Gy dose levels. The spatial precision of offsets in dose gradients between planned and measured dose distributions is below the voxel size. A 3% / 3 mm gamma analysis between a prescribed treatment plan and the retrieved and corrected readout yields a pass rate of 89.5%. Light scattering within the dosimetric volume affects the dosimeter performance, indicating the potential for future improvements of spatial and dose precision. In conclusion, the dosimeter system shows high promise for future clinical validation of radiotherapy.