bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new variational principle, convexity, and supercritical Neumann problems
Authors: Cowan Craig , Moameni Abbas 
Published: April 2017

Utilizing a new variational principle that allows us to deal with problems beyond the usual locally compact structure, we study problems with a supercritical nonlinearity of the type

(1)

{

−
Δ
u
+
u
=
a
(
x
)
f
(
u
)

a
m
p
;

in

Ω

,

u
>
0

a
m
p
;

in

Ω

,

∂
u

∂
ν

=
0

a
m
p
;

on

∂
Ω

.

\begin{equation}\tag {1} \begin {cases} -\Delta u + u = a(x) f(u) & \text {in $\Omega $}, \\ u>0 & \text {in $\Omega $}, \\ \frac {\partial u}{\partial \nu } = 0 & \text {on $\partial \Omega $}. \end{cases} \end{equation}

To be more precise,

Ω
\Omega

is a bounded domain in

R

N

\mathbb {R}^N

which satisfies certain symmetry assumptions,

Ω
\Omega

is a domain of “

m
m

revolution" (

1
≤
m
>
N

1\leq m>N

and the case of

m
=
1

m=1

corresponds to radial domains), and

a
>
0

a > 0

satisfies compatible symmetry assumptions along with monotonicity conditions. We find positive nontrivial solutions of (1) in the case of suitable supercritical nonlinearities

f
f

by finding critical points of

I
I

where
\[

I
(
u
)
=

∫
Ω

{
a
(
x
)

F
∗

(

−
Δ
u
+
u

a
(
x
)

)

−
a
(
x
)
F
(
u
)
}

d
x

I(u)=\int _\Omega \left \{ a(x) F^* \left ( \frac {-\Delta u + u}{a(x)} \right ) - a(x) F(u) \right \} dx

\]
over the closed convex cone

K
m

K_m

of nonnegative, symmetric, and monotonic functions in

H
1

(
Ω
)

H^1(\Omega )

where

F
′

=
f

F’=f

and where

F
∗

F^*

is the Fenchel dual of

F
F

. We mention two important comments: First, there is a hidden symmetry in the functional

I
I

due to the presence of a convex function and its Fenchel dual that makes it ideal to deal with supercritical problems lacking the necessary compactness requirement. Second, the energy

I
I

is not at all related to the classical Euler–Lagrange energy associated with (1). After we have proven the existence of critical points

u
u

of

I
I

on

K
m

K_m

, we then unitize a new abstract variational approach to show that these critical points in fact satisfy

−
Δ
u
+
u
=
a
(
x
)
f
(
u
)

-\Delta u + u = a(x) f(u)

.

In the particular case of

f
(
u
)
=

|

u

|

p
−
2

u

f(u)=|u|^{p-2} u

we show the existence of positive nontrivial solutions beyond the usual Sobolev critical exponent.
Water as ice(s)
Authors: Finney John 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
‘Water as ice(s)’ describes the sixteen known crystalline phases of ice, starting with normal ice, as well as a potential seventeenth phase called cubic ice, for which they may be evidence elsewhere in the universe. The different crystalline structures of ice are shown on a phase diagram that depicts how changes in pressure and temperature affect the structure of ice. The Bernal–Fowler rules of ice structures are also explained. Ordered arrangements of water molecules all show four-coordinated geometry, but water shows great molecular versatility under pressure: hydrogen bond lengths and OOO angles can vary when forming the high pressure ice structures.
Water as a biomolecule
Authors: Finney John 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Why is water biologically important? ‘Water as a biomolecule’ considers how water influences biological processes and what properties of the water molecule enable it to do so by focusing on the role of water in the structure and operation of enzymes. Water molecules are critical in maintaining the active structures of other biomolecules such as stabilizing proteins. It also asks: how can we be sure that water is essential to life? Could other molecules fill a similar role or roles? Could water be replaced by some other medium in some other life form elsewhere in the universe that can still metabolize and reproduce?
Some past and current controversies
Authors: Finney John 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The structure, dynamics, and properties of water are pretty well understood. We have a good idea of its structure, and how that structure explains why its properties are sometimes different from those of a ‘normal’ liquid. A number of issues remain, which suggest there may still be some things about water that we don’t yet understand. ‘Some past and current controversies’ considers the concepts of ‘memory’ of water; polywater (a form of water that was thought to be denser and more stable than ordinary water); and whether surface ordering impacts on the biological role of water. These have largely been resolved, but the idea of two possible liquid structures of water still remains.
Smallpox
Authors: McMillen Christian W. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The world was declared smallpox-free in 1980, but this endemic and pandemic disease had killed hundreds of millions of people over the preceding millennium. Smallpox was first described in fourth-century China, but the most deadly epidemics occurred from the early sixteenth century to the middle of the nineteenth century. ‘Smallpox’ considers how the disease became such a killer in the Americas, explaining virgin soil epidemics. It also describes the development of vaccination by Edward Jenner in the late eighteenth century, which was a success, but major epidemics continued to break out. Once enough people had been vaccinated, smallpox, with no non-human host, had no place to go.
Cholera
Authors: McMillen Christian W. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Cholera is caused by ingesting water contaminated with infected fecal matter. The disease spreads easily. Seven cholera pandemics have traveled the globe, the first starting in India in 1817. It was not until the 1830s that people began to see a link between poverty and cholera. During the 1854 London epidemic, John Snow, through his pioneering epidemiological work, realized the disease was waterborne. Then in 1883 Robert Koch discovered Vibrio cholerae in contaminated water. Since the 1960s, oral rehydration therapy has saved millions of lives, but cholera lives on, primarily in Africa, where lack of health infrastructure and poor sanitation allow it to thrive.
HIV/AIDS
Authors: McMillen Christian W. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
HIV/AIDS had been percolating in central Africa since the early twentieth century, but it appeared in its now recognizable form in the spring of 1981. Doctors in America spotted a strange increase in rare infections and Kaposi’s sarcoma, especially in sexually active gay men. In 1982, it was named acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). ‘HIV/AIDS’ explains that soon afterward the virus was identified as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a complex retrovirus with several different identities. HIV makes its way into the body via infected fluids and can affect all members of society. There is no vaccine, but HIV/AIDS is now treatable, although access to drugs is uneven.
Epilogue
Authors: McMillen Christian W. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
There will be more pandemics. A pandemic might come from an old, familiar foe such as influenza or might emerge from a new source—a zoonosis that makes its way into humans, perhaps. The epilogue asks how the world will confront pandemics in the future. It is likely that patterns established long ago will re-emerge. But how will new challenges, like climate change, affect future pandemics and our ability to respond? Will lessons learned from the past help with plans for the future? One thing is clear: in the face of a serious pandemic much of the developing world’s public health infrastructure will be woefully overburdened. This must be addressed.
Annihilation and dislocation
Authors: Echevarria Antulio J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Annihilation and dislocation represent the “ideal outcome” in military strategy: a swift victory with as few casualties and economic costs as possible. Annihilation seeks to reduce an adversary’s physical capacity to fight, usually in a single battle or “lightning” campaign, such as Hannibal’s victory against the Romans in Cannae (216 BCE). Dislocation endeavors to reduce an opponent’s willingness to fight by causing confusion or disorientation through unexpected maneuvers or the use of surprise, such as Hitler’s blitzkrieg conquests in the Second World War. Annihilation and dislocation strategies can be considered high risk, high reward. They both require military forces trained well enough, and led effectively enough, to execute complex maneuvers.
Terror and terrorism
Authors: Echevarria Antulio J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
‘Terror and terrorism’ discusses strategies in which terror is used to break an opponent’s willingness to fight or to induce a change in a rival power’s policy or behavior. Terror often causes little damage to a foe’s physical capacity to fight, even if it inflicts mass casualties. Targets are usually chosen for their psychological rather than their material effect. Terror and terrorism are military strategies largely because of their coercive power. Terrorism is violence (discriminate or otherwise) directed against noncombatants to influence public opinion or to modify a government’s policies. Whether terrorism constitutes a strategy or a tactic is still a matter of debate.
Decapitation and targeted killing
Authors: Echevarria Antulio J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The military strategies of decapitation and targeted killing derive from dislocation and attrition, respectively. Decapitation is the attempt to paralyze or destroy a group by removing its leadership, and targeted killing is the systematic elimination of an organization’s members, whether these individuals are in key positions of leadership or in the rank and file. Both strategies have been widely used to combat terrorists and insurgents. ‘Decapitation and targeted killing’ shows that the use of these strategies has increased markedly since the twenty-first century began, particularly with the widespread production of remotely piloted vehicles, but they remain highly controversial as strategic techniques. They may not destroy an organization permanently, but they can temporarily degrade its effectiveness.
Applying meta-analysis to genotype-tissue expression data from multiple tissues to identify eQTLs and increase the number of eGenes
Authors: Duong Dat , Gai Lisa , Snir Sagi , Kang Eun Yong , Han Buhm , Sul Jae Hoon , Eskin Eleazar 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Motivation
There is recent interest in using gene expression data to contextualize findings from traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Conditioned on a tissue, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) are genetic variants associated with gene expression, and eGenes are genes whose expression levels are associated with genetic variants. eQTLs and eGenes provide great supporting evidence for GWAS hits and important insights into the regulatory pathways involved in many diseases. When a significant variant or a candidate gene identified by GWAS is also an eQTL or eGene, there is strong evidence to further study this variant or gene. Multi-tissue gene expression datasets like the Gene Tissue Expression (GTEx) data are used to find eQTLs and eGenes. Unfortunately, these datasets often have small sample sizes in some tissues. For this reason, there have been many meta-analysis methods designed to combine gene expression data across many tissues to increase power for finding eQTLs and eGenes. However, these existing techniques are not scalable to datasets containing many tissues, like the GTEx data. Furthermore, these methods ignore a biological insight that the same variant may be associated with the same gene across similar tissues.

Results
We introduce a meta-analysis model that addresses these problems in existing methods. We focus on the problem of finding eGenes in gene expression data from many tissues, and show that our model is better than other types of meta-analyses.

Availability and Implementation
Source code is at https://github.com/datduong/RECOV.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Multiple network-constrained regressions expand insights into influenza vaccination responses
Authors: Avey Stefan , Mohanty Subhasis , Wilson Jean , Zapata Heidi , Joshi Samit R , Siconolfi Barbara , Tsang Sui , Shaw Albert C , Kleinstein Steven H 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Systems immunology leverages recent technological advancements that enable broad profiling of the immune system to better understand the response to infection and vaccination, as well as the dysregulation that occurs in disease. An increasingly common approach to gain insights from these large-scale profiling experiments involves the application of statistical learning methods to predict disease states or the immune response to perturbations. However, the goal of many systems studies is not to maximize accuracy, but rather to gain biological insights. The predictors identified using current approaches can be biologically uninterpretable or present only one of many equally predictive models, leading to a narrow understanding of the underlying biology.

Results
Here we show that incorporating prior biological knowledge within a logistic modeling framework by using network-level constraints on transcriptional profiling data significantly improves interpretability. Moreover, incorporating different types of biological knowledge produces models that highlight distinct aspects of the underlying biology, while maintaining predictive accuracy. We propose a new framework, Logistic Multiple Network-constrained Regression (LogMiNeR), and apply it to understand the mechanisms underlying differential responses to influenza vaccination. Although standard logistic regression approaches were predictive, they were minimally interpretable. Incorporating prior knowledge using LogMiNeR led to models that were equally predictive yet highly interpretable. In this context, B cell-specific genes and mTOR signaling were associated with an effective vaccination response in young adults. Overall, our results demonstrate a new paradigm for analyzing high-dimensional immune profiling data in which multiple networks encoding prior knowledge are incorporated to improve model interpretability.

Availability and implementation
The R source code described in this article is publicly available at https://bitbucket.org/kleinstein/logminer.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
deBGR: an efficient and near-exact representation of the weighted de Bruijn graph
Authors: Pandey Prashant , Bender Michael A , Johnson Rob , Patro Rob 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Almost all de novo short-read genome and transcriptome assemblers start by building a representation of the de Bruijn Graph of the reads they are given as input. Even when other approaches are used for subsequent assembly (e.g. when one is using ‘long read’ technologies like those offered by PacBio or Oxford Nanopore), efficient k-mer processing is still crucial for accurate assembly, and state-of-the-art long-read error-correction methods use de Bruijn Graphs. Because of the centrality of de Bruijn Graphs, researchers have proposed numerous methods for representing de Bruijn Graphs compactly. Some of these proposals sacrifice accuracy to save space. Further, none of these methods store abundance information, i.e. the number of times that each k-mer occurs, which is key in transcriptome assemblers.

Results
We present a method for compactly representing the weighted de Bruijn Graph (i.e. with abundance information) with essentially no errors. Our representation yields zero errors while increasing the space requirements by less than 18–28% compared to the approximate de Bruijn graph representation in Squeakr. Our technique is based on a simple invariant that all weighted de Bruijn Graphs must satisfy, and hence is likely to be of general interest and applicable in most weighted de Bruijn Graph-based systems.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/splatlab/debgr.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Predicting phenotypes from microarrays using amplified, initially marginal, eigenvector regression
Authors: Ding Lei , McDonald Daniel J 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMotivationThe discovery of relationships between gene expression measurements and phenotypic responses is hampered by both computational and statistical impediments. Conventional statistical methods are less than ideal because they either fail to select relevant genes, predict poorly, ignore the unknown interaction structure between genes, or are computationally intractable. Thus, the creation of new methods which can handle many expression measurements on relatively small numbers of patients while also uncovering gene–gene relationships and predicting well is desirable.ResultsWe develop a new technique for using the marginal relationship between gene expression measurements and patient survival outcomes to identify a small subset of genes which appear highly relevant for predicting survival, produce a low-dimensional embedding based on this small subset, and amplify this embedding with information from the remaining genes. We motivate our methodology by using gene expression measurements to predict survival time for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, illustrate the behavior of our methodology on carefully constructed synthetic examples, and test it on a number of other gene expression datasets. Our technique is computationally tractable, generally outperforms other methods, is extensible to other phenotypes, and also identifies different genes (relative to existing methods) for possible future study.Availability and ImplementationAll of the code and data are available at http://mypage.iu.edu/∼dajmcdon/research/.Supplementary informationSupplementary material is available at Bioinformatics online.
Social Engagement Care for Frail Older Persons: Desire for It and Provision by Live-In Migrant Caregivers
Authors: Cohen-Mansfield Jiska , Golander Hava , Iecovich Esther , Jensen Barbara 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo describe social engagement care (SEC) provided by live-in migrant caregivers for frail older adults compared with care recipients’ and families’ wishes for such care.MethodInterviews with care recipients, family members, and migrant caregivers assessed preferences for and provision of five types of SEC activities: knowing the older person as a person, knowing their main concerns, having personal conversations, going for walks, and sharing social or leisure activities.ResultsCare recipients and family proxies reported a moderate desire for SEC from migrant caregivers, except for sharing leisure activities, for which there was only a slight preference. Migrant caregivers reported these practices at somewhat higher levels compared with the other respondents. Migrant caregivers’ reports of practice show little relationship with care-recipients’ preferences, but care recipients tended to perceive practice as agreeing with their own wishes.DiscussionIt is important to include SEC as part of the role of live-in migrant caregivers of older persons. However, there is a need to differentiate among types of SEC and subsequently optimize the match between the care-recipient’s wishes and needs and the actual care provided.
Persuasiveness of anti-smoking messages: self-construal and message focus
Authors: Yang Bo , Nan Xiaoli , Zhao Xinyan 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of independent vs interdependent self-construal in non-smokers’ responses to an anti-smoking message that focuses on either personal or relational consequences of smoking.

Design/methodology/approach
Two web-based experimental studies were conducted among US college non-smokers. In the first study, participants’ self-construal was measured. Then participants were randomly assigned to view an anti-smoking message emphasizing either relational or personal consequences of smoking. Message evaluation, smoking attitudes, and behavioral intentions were assessed after message exposure. The second study followed the same procedure except that participants’ self-construal was manipulated by randomly assigning participants to an independent or interdependent self-construal priming task prior to message exposure.

Findings
Both studies showed a noticeable pattern of interaction between message focus and self-construal: non-smokers with a salient interdependent self-construal responded more favorably to an anti-smoking message emphasizing personal (vs relational) consequences of smoking whereas non-smokers with a salient independent self-construal responded more favorably to an anti-smoking message emphasizing relational (vs personal) consequences of smoking. However, the interaction effect was small in the first study.

Originality/value
Findings from this study are original in that they run counter to the general belief that messages matching people’s self-perceptions will be more persuasive. On the other hand, matching health risk messages with people’s dominant self-construal may reduce the messages effectiveness due to defensive processing. As a result, communication practitioners should take a great caution of tailoring threatening smoking prevention messages to target audiences’ self-perceptions.
Towards an adapted MHP strategic capabilities model for moderating challenges to quality music festival management
Authors: Simon Alan , Parker Alastair , Stockport Gary , Sohal Amrik 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The music festival industry is challenged by intense competition and financial exigency. As a result, many festivals have either folded or are currently struggling. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to show that motivator-hygiene-professional (MHP) strategic capabilities (SCs) are positively associated with quality music festival management thereby providing a playbook for potentially mitigating these challenges.

Design/methodology/approach
The mixed methods research design comprised a case study of a leading event management company as well as nation-wide in-depth interviews and questionnaire survey. The authors initially confirmed the nature of the challenges to the industry from the case study and the in-depth interviews. The authors then developed an MHP Model of 15 SCs that were identified from the literature and the qualitative research. The relationship of the MHP SCs model to quality music festival management was tested in the questionnaire survey.

Findings
The respondents suggested that all the SCs were related to quality music festival management. However, Professional SCs were considered comparatively less important than motivator and hygiene SCs. Across all three groups, interviewees highlighted the significance of artists, site and operational planning, financial and stakeholder management and ticket pricing. In addition, careful planning, delegation and quality focus, problem solving, resolve and flexibility, leadership and vision, communication and innovation were considered conducive to the quality management of music festival organisations.

Practical implications
The MHP SCs model and dimensions of quality management offer music festival event managers a detailed practical playbook for moderating challenges to music festival management. In essence the authors provide the specific drivers that festival managers should best focus their attention upon. Visionary leadership, artist differentiation, innovation, customer service and flexible management have priority.

Originality/value
The findings add to the festival management literature by demonstrating the importance of motivator, hygiene and additional professional SCs for moderating challenges to the music festival industry. To the best of authors’ knowledge, no previous studies have directly investigated specific SCs critical for quality event and festival management. In particular, the academic significance of this paper is that the authors have combined Herzberg’s motivator and hygiene factors with SCs, which are in essence success drivers, to create a novel holistic MHP SCs model for quality music festival management. Further explanatory insight is gained by the addition of a third factor of professional SCs.