bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Priapism in South West Nigeria—Short and Intermediate-Term Outcomes
Authors: Tijani Kehinde Habeeb , Okeke Chike John , Oluyemi Olukayode Yinka , Animashaun Emmanuel Abayomi , Ojewola Rufus Wale , Habeeb-Tijani Ismail A. , Alaba Oluwaseun Samuel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Priapism is usually defined as penile erection that lasts more than 4 h beyond sexual stimulation and orgasm or is unrelated to sexual stimulation. The overwhelmingly more common low-flow priapism is typically painful, while high-flow priapism is typically painless. Interventions are varied depending on the aetiology and timing of the presentation. The outcome in most cases depends on the timing of the intervention.

Objective:
This study aimed to review the presentation and short- and intermediate-term outcomes of treatment of priapism in patients in Southern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective 10-year study conducted from 2010 to 2019 of all adult patients diagnosed with priapism who were admitted to the adult urology units in two Government University Teaching hospitals in South West Nigeria.

Results:
The records of 61 patients were analysed. The mean age was 27.54 years ± 6.22 with a range of 15–56 years. The median duration of symptoms before presentation was 36 h with a range of 2 to 336 h. Eleven patients (18%) presented within 24 h of onset of symptoms. Sickle cell disease (SCD) and idiopathic aetiology were the most common causes of priapism, accounting for 44 (72.1%) and 8 (13.1%) respectively. Corporal aspiration resolved the priapism in 22 (36.1.%), while corpora–glandular shunt was the final treatment in 36 (59.1%). Fifty-seven per cent had erectile dysfunction (ED), while penile gangrene with autoamputation was observed in one patient (1.6%). Sixty-six per cent and 62% of patients who presented within < 36 h and 36–72 h, respectively, experienced normal erection at 6 months after surgery. Erectile function got progressively worse after 72 h, with all patients with ischemic priapism lasting more than 1 week developing ED. There was no statistically significant relationship between the variants of SCD and the risk of ED in patients who presented within 72 h.

Conclusion:
The incidence of ischemic priapism was high, with sickle cell disease being the most common cause. The risk of ED was significantly worse after 72 h. The aetiology of priapism did not significantly influence the risk of ED.
Clinical and Radiological Severity of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head in Sickle Cell Disease Patients
Authors: Agbeko Ocloo , Abena Kwafo-Armah , Lartey Samuel Quarshie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Sickle cell disease (SCD) has a high prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa. Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a devastating complication of SCD. Early presentation and diagnosis can be treated with hip-preserving procedures, resulting in good outcomes. Late presentations will require more complicated treatment procedures, such as hip replacement. A good knowledge of the clinical presentation and severity of the disease will aid in early detection and clinical management. This study was designed to establish the age and sex distribution, severity, and stages of AVN in SCD patients at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of SCD patients referred to the orthopaedic clinic with AVN of the femoral head. An evaluation form was used to assess the patient’s age, sex, genotype, and clinical symptoms. Hip X-rays were obtained to assess the severity of the disease. Chi-square tests were used to determine the association between demographic variables’ data and AVN.

Results:
Most patients were in the 31- to 50-year age group and presented with profound and limiting clinical features and advanced features on X-rays (stages 3 and 4 of the disease). There was a statistically significant association between the radiological stage of disease and clinical symptoms (limping, difficulty climbing stairs, and hip abduction).

Conclusion:
The patients mostly presented with severe disease both clinically and radiologically and will require complex surgical procedures including hip arthroplasties. Clinicians at primary care centres need to look out for early signs so that they can refer them for treatment.
An Appraisal of Anaesthesia Practices for Obstetric and Gynaecologic Surgeries in a Tertiary Health Center in Zaria, North Western Nigeria
Authors: Yahya Anisah , Yakubu Hamisu , Umar Aminatu Makarfi , Sada Shafa’atu Ismail , Bakari Fadimatu , Umaru-Sule Hajara , Mohammed Usman , Idris Mohammad El-Amin , Aliyu Rabi’at Muhammad , Abdullahi Zubaida Garba , Adamu Bilkisu , Sarkin-Pawa Zulaihatu , Abbas Iliyasu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Anaesthesia is a critical aspect of every surgical procedure. Various options exist depending on the type of procedure, nature and the clinical state of the patient. This study reviewed the anaesthesia practices for Obstetric and Gynaecologic surgeries at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria.

Materials and Methods:
It was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Obstetric and Gynaecologic surgeries performed from 1 November 2022 to 31 October 2023 were included in the study. Relevant data for the study were obtained from the anaesthesia register in the theatre. The data were analysed with SPSS 20.

Results:
The mean age ± SD of patients who had surgery was 32.1 ± 9.1 years. A total of 547 cases were reviewed, of which 273 (49.9%) were elective cases and 274 (51.1%) were emergency cases. Out of these, 254 (46.4%) were obstetric emergencies, 20 (3.7%) were gynaecologic emergencies, 149 (27.2%) were elective gynaecologic cases, and 124 (22.7%) were elective obstetric cases. The majority of the cases, 407 (74.4%), were American Society of Anaesthesiologists II. Spinal anaesthesia was the commonest type of anaesthesia used in obstetric surgeries 336 (91.8%), while general anaesthesia was the commonest type of anaesthesia used in gynaecologic surgeries 89 (79.5%). Senior registrars gave anaesthesia in 457 (83.5%) cases. Heavy Bupivacaine (0.5%) was the commonest agent used for spinal anaesthesia in 327(89.3%) cases, while plain bupivacaine (0.5%) was the least agent used in 39(10.7%). Propofol was the most common agent used for the induction of general anaesthesia in 72 (64.3%) cases, while ketamine was the least used agent in 40 (35.7%). Anaesthesia complications were recorded in only 24 (4.4%) of cases. The complications were recorded in 13 (54.2%) procedures done under neuraxial anaesthesia and 11 (45.8%) cases done under general anaesthesia. Cardiovascular instability was the most common complication recorded in 10 (41.7%) cases.

Conclusion:
Spinal anaesthesia was the most common technique of anaesthesia in Obstetric surgeries, while general anaesthesia was the most common in Gynaecologic surgeries during the period under review. Complications of anaesthesia were uncommon.
Analgesic efficacy of sacral neuromodulation for chronic pelvic cancer pain
Authors: Fares Khaled M. , Mohamed Sahar A. B. , Hetta Diab F. , Tohamy Moaaz Mohamed , Elgalaly Nourhan A. , Elhusseini Nayira M. , El Sherif Fatma Adel 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Neuromodulation has provided promising results in chronic pain management. Sacral neurostimulation (SNS) is a neuromodulatory technique, where the sacral nerve roots are electrically stimulated.

Objective:
Evaluate the efficacy of the trial phase to control severe cancer pain in pelvic organs.

Design:
Pilot study.

Methods:
Chronic pelvic cancer pain patients were managed with morphine ≥ 60 mg daily, duloxetine 30 mg, and celecoxib 200 mg twice daily. Twenty-two adults were divided randomly into two equal groups: the SNS group (N = 11), received a sacral neurostimulator device and opioid analgesics, and the opioid group (N = 11), received increased opioid analgesics to control pain.

Results:
Visual analog scale scores were decreased in the SNS group at 24 h, 4 days, 1, and 2 weeks in SNS compared to the opioid group, medians (IQR) [4 (3–5) vs 6 (5–7), 3 (3–4) vs 5 (5–6), 3 (3–4) vs 5 (5–6), and 3 (3–3) vs 5 (4–6) P < 0.001], daily morphine consumption was reduced in the SNS group compared to the opioid group, median (IQR) [90 (60–90) mg vs 120 (120–150) mg, P < 0.001] and [30 (30–60) mg vs 150 (120–180) mg] during the first and second weeks. The SNS group had a better life quality compared to the opioid group after 2 weeks, median (IQR) was (123 (122.5–124) vs 117 (117–118.5) P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion:
The SNS trial device showed effectiveness in managing severe chronic pelvic cancer pain.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Recombinant Factor VIIa in Nonhemophilic Pediatric Cancer Patients with Acute Severe Bleeding
Authors: Dirani Manar , Al-Hamad Banan , Aqarbah Joud , Alkateeb Jwan , Awad Wedad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context:
Despite recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) being approved for treating bleeding in hemophilia patients, there has been limited research on its efficacy in nonhemophilic cases, particularly, in pediatric cancer patients who are vulnerable to bleeding.

Aim:
Our objective is to assess rFVIIa’s effectiveness in managing severe bleeding in pediatric nonhemophilic cancer patients.

Settings and Design:
We conducted a retrospective study at a comprehensive cancer center.

Materials and Methods:
It involves reviewing cases of nonhemophilic pediatric cancer patients treated with rFVIIa for acute severe bleeding during hospitalization between 2013 and 2022 using the pharmacy electronic system. Patients without a cancer diagnosis were excluded. The primary outcome assessed was the cessation of bleeding within 48 h post the last administered rFVIIa dose.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive statistics were used to report the outcomes.

Results:
The results revealed that our analysis encompassed 22 nonhemophilic pediatric cancer patients experiencing acute severe bleeding. The mean age was 7 ± 16.9 (SD) years, with 18 (81.8%) being male. Among them, 7 (31.8%) had leukemia and 5 (22.7%) had neuroblastoma. Thrombocytopenia was prevalent in 21 (95.5%) patients, and 7 (31.8%) underwent bone marrow transplantation. On average, patients received 85 ± 10 (SD) µg/kg of rFVIIa for one to two doses per bleeding episode. Bleeding cessation was achieved in 13 (59%) patients.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that rFVIIa could serve as a viable therapeutic option for managing acute severe bleeding in nonhemophilic pediatric cancer patients.
Updated Clinical Recommendations for Multiple Sclerosis by Saudi Neurology Experts
Authors: Althobaiti Ahmed H. , Abulaban Ahmad A. , Bunyan Reem F. , Aldosari Fahad M. , Al‑Suwaidan Faisal A. , Al‑Jedai Ahmed H. , Alshammari Sultanah H. , Al Mudaiheem Hajer Y. , AlHajjar Lynn M. , Al Malik Yaser M. , Al Jumah Mohammed A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study presents an update on clinical recommendations in the diagnosis and management of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). This has been accomplished through a systematic effort by a committee of leading neurology experts appointed by the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia to review the latest scientific literature on MS to enhance the care of MS patients. These recommendations encompass multifaceted aspects of MS care, facilitate an optimized approach for healthcare providers, and include diagnosis, management, and special considerations unique to pwMS.
¬¬The socio-economic profile of hikers in the mountains of Valencia Region, Spain: a comparative study between the perceptions of hikers' accommodation entrepreneurs and the hikers’ profile
Authors: Vidal-Matzanke Antonio , Terrades-Daroqui Jorge , Vidal-González Pablo 
Published: October 2024

The main objective of this study is to compare the perceptions of the socioeconomic profile that tourism operators have about their hikers/visitors with the socioeconomic profile of hiking users in the mountains of Valencia region (Spain). A mixed methodology has been used. First, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs in the tourism industry. Secondly, 154 surveys were carried out with hikers to characterize their profile. Both samples were cross-checked to see the similarities and differences between the perceptions of both groups. The results indicate that changes in consumer trends, with the emergence of new market niches that are very interesting from a tourism point of view, such as the public new and very interesting market niches from a tourism point of view, such as women and senior female and senior public, as well as the local tourist or one-day hikers. These market segments represent an opportunity to consolidate an increasingly growing market.an increasingly growing market. The results indicate that there are some similarities between some of the demographic and economic variables studied. However, in other variables there is a misperception of practitioners by employers. This information can help to better target potential tourists. This study also provides a very detailed description of specific profiles of hikers. This information can be very useful both for private sports tourism companies to be able to segment their clients and launch very specific promotional strategies.
Keywords: Sports Tourism; Tourism Industry Perceptions; Hikers Profile, Hiking, Spain
Criticality of preparation and equipment in hiking and trekking activities: a systematic review
Authors: Sahri Sahri , Raharjo Bambang Budi , Nasuka Nasuka , Sumartiningsih Sri , Fuchs Philip X. , Kresnajati Sandhya , Sugiarto Sugiarto 
Published: October 2024

Outdoor activities like hiking and trekking require appropriate preparation and equipment. However, many adventurers underestimate the importance of these factors, leading to increased risk and adverse events. This study aims to deliver a comprehensive review of existing literature on preparation and equipment requirements for hiking and trekking and to identify prevalent challenges during these activities. The review considered papers with English full-text, listed in MEDLINE/PubMed or Google Scholar, published between January 2000 and June 2023. The search method focuses on potential obstacles during the trip and equipment preparation and risks during hiking and trekking. Following the PRISMA 2021 guidelines, 14 papers were considered for detailed review. Two articles investigated hiking experts whereas the other studies included experts and beginners. The following preparative measures and equipment were identified as crucial: appropriate clothing, maps, compass, first aid kit, extra food and water, good physical fitness, and outdoor-related skills (e.g., orientation and medical proficiency). The reviewed studies had methodological flaws and were susceptible to bias. This review identifies common risks and best practices with respect to preparation and equipment for hiking and trekking. It contributes to outdoor adventure safety, potentially reducing risks and the likelihood of adverse events and enriching outdoor experiences.
Keywords: Hiking, Trekking, Equipment Requirements, Preparedness, Outdoor Activities, Risk Management, Safety Practices, Adventure Tourism, Literature Review.
Ways of Technologization of Agriculture in Perm Krai - Problems and Prospects
Authors: Жуков Я.С. 
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются пути технологизации сельского хозяйства Пермского края. Отмечается, что сельское хозяйство края при всех сложностях производства в этой сфере в последние годы переживает подъем, связанный с общим подъемом экономики, усиливающимся государственной поддержкой. При этом крайне важно цифровизацию, адекватную технологизацию нашей жизни распространить и на традиционную область сельского хозяйства. Поскольку современные технологические разработки для сельского хозяйства стремительно развиваются, необходимо рассмотреть возможности их применения в сельскохозяйственной отрасли региона с учетом его достижений и проблем. Как и во многих иных регионах России, неприменение технологий в АПК – не только следствие недостаточных материальных средств, но и отсутствие достаточной психологической, культурной адаптации к миру современной техники. Это следует учитывать, осмысливая меры поддержки, развития отрасли.
Agriculture in Perm Krai, for all the difficulties of production in this area, has been experiencing a boom in recent years, associated with the general economic recovery and strengthened by government support. At the same time, it is extremely important to extend digitalization and adequate technologization of our life to the “traditional” area of agriculture, in particular to the “complex” agriculture of Perm Krai (these are the problem areas that require a more technological approach). Since modern technological developments for agriculture are developing rapidly, it is necessary to consider the possibilities of their application in the agricultural sector of the region in question, taking into account its achievements and problems. As in many other regions of Russia, non-application of technologies in the agro-industrial complex is not only a consequence of insufficient material resources, but also a lack of sufficient psychological and cultural adaptation to the world of modern technology (including Perm Krai with its peculiar “Perm character”). This should be taken into account when thinking about measures of support and development of the industry.
CITOMEGALOVIROSE CONGÊNITA EM PACIENTE PEDIÁTRICO IMUNOSSUPRIMIDO PELO VIRUS DO HIV: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Pereira dos Santos Ana Paula , Ferreira da Silva Maria Jucilene , Portela de Azevedo Arimatéia 
Published: October 2024

O citomegalovírus (CMV) é capaz de provocar infecção com uma ampla gama de sintomas. O citomegalovírus em grávidas pode deixar sequelas no feto. Objetivo: Realizar um estudo de caso sobre Citomegalovirose congênita em paciente pediátrico imunossuprimido pelo HIV. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, com informações obtidas a partir de dados secundários existentes no prontuário. Resultados: Deu entrada, transferida de outra unidade de saúde, recém-nascido (RN) com diagnóstico de Citomegalovírose Congênita-CMV, confirmado através dos testes de sorologia, PCR de urina, apresentando apenas coriza hialina, sem outras queixas ou sintomas. O motivo real da transferência foi o resultado da TC mostrando parênquima cerebral com hipodensidade da substância branca sugestiva de encefalite aguda por Citomegalovirus-CM. Após avaliação do laudo da tomografia, foi iniciado tratamento. O recém-nascido evolui com icterícia e sepse neonatal tardia, síndrome do desconforto respiratório e, consequentemente, foi transferido para UTI pediátrica, onde permaneceu em ventilação mecânica (VM) por 4 dias e CPAP nasal por um mês. Durante esse período, fez uso de esquema de antibióticoterapia. Após dois meses, paciente retorna para o leito de enfermaria clínica em bom estado geral e logo em seguida recebe alta para residência e posteriormente, conforme agendamento, continua atendimento ambulatorial. Criança aparentemente sem sequela, após três meses de internação hospitalar. Conclusão: A boa avaliação clínica, coleta de informações sobre a história familiar, o diagnóstico diferencial e confirmação laboratorial, podem trazer respostas rápidas e aprimorar condutas.
TẦN SUẤT CÁC BIẾN THỂ ĐA HÌNH ĐƠN NUCLEOTIDE RS17501010, RS9290927, RS893051, RS9290929 TRÊN GEN CLDN-1 LIÊN QUAN VỚI BỆNH VIÊM DA CƠ ĐỊA
Authors: Nguyễn Hữu Ngọc Tuấn , Lê Dương Hoàng Huy , Trần Lê Hoàng 
Published: October 2024

Giới thiệu: Bệnh viêm da cơ địa (VDCĐ) là một bệnh lý phức tạp đa yếu tố, trong đó sự phối hợp giữa yếu tố hàng rào bảo vệ da và yếu tố di truyền đóng vai trò quan trọng. Các biến thể đa hình đơn nucleotide (SNP) trên gen CLDN-1 mã hóa protein claudin-1 đã được mô tả liên quan đến bệnh sinh của bệnh VDCĐ. Thông tin về tỉ lệ kiểu gen của biến thể này với bệnh VDCĐ chưa được khảo sát trên người Việt Nam trưởng thành. Mục tiêu: Xác định tỉ lệ của các SNP rs17501010, rs9290927, rs893051 và rs9290929 trên gen CLDN-1 ở bệnh nhân VDCĐ. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả loạt ca xác định tỉ lệ kiểu gen và tần suất alen của 4 biến thể rs17501010, rs9290927, rs893051 và rs9290929 trên 82 người bệnh trưởng thành mắc VDCĐ bằng phương pháp giải trình tự Sanger. Kết quả: Trong 82 người thoả tiêu chuẩn tham gia nghiên cứu, nam chiếm 59,76%, tuổi trung vị là 36 tuổi. Đối với rs17501010, tỉ lệ alen G là 95,73%, T là 4,27%. Tỉ lệ kiểu gen lần lượt là GG: 91,46%, GT: 8,54%. Đối với rs9290927, tỉ lệ alen A là 50,61%, T là 49,39%. Tỉ lệ kiểu gen lần lượt là AA: 26,83%, AT: 47,56%, TT: 25,61%. Đối với rs893051, tỉ lệ alen C là 71,95%, G là 28,05%. Tỉ lệ kiểu gen lần lượt là CC: 54,88%, CG: 34,15%, GG: 10,98%. Đối với rs9290929, tỉ lệ alen A là 91,46%, G là 8,54%. Tỉ lệ kiểu gen lần lượt là AA: 82,93%, AG: 17,07%. Kết luận: Đã xác định được tỉ lệ kiểu gen và tần suất alen của 4 SNP trên gen CLDN1 ở người bệnh trưởng thành mắc VDCĐ điều trị tại Bệnh viện Da Liễu TP HCM, tạo tiền đề để có thể thực hiện các nghiên cứu tiếp theo nhằm xác định vai trò của các biến thể này đối với bệnh VDCĐ và ứng dụng kết quả góp phần quản lí hiệu quả hơn bệnh VDCĐ ở Việt Nam.
Topographic modulation on the layered circulation in South China Sea
Authors: Tang Qibang , Cai Zhongya , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest semi-enclosed marginal sea in western Pacific. It exhibits a unique vertically rotating cyclonic, anticyclonic, and cyclonic circulation in its upper, middle, and deep layers. Over slope topography, these layered currents interact and significantly shape the structure and intensity of the basin circulation. In this study, we employ process-oriented numerical simulations to investigate how upper-layer processes, characterized by greater magnitude and variability, influence the layered circulation over the irregular topographic slope. The simulations reveal that stronger upper intrusion from open ocean directly enhances upper layer circulation, which subsequently strengthens the middle and the deep slope currents. Vorticity dynamics illustrate that changes in the middle and deep slope current are largely related to the vertical stretching (ζ_DIV) induced by bottom geostrophic cross-isobath transport (CGTb). As the upper-layer cyclonic slope current intensifies, it modulates the bottom pressure distribution, resulting in stronger negative ζ_DIV predominantly over the northwestern slope to intensify the middle anticyclone slope current. Similarly, for the deep cyclonic slope current, the CGTb maintains downward cascading in the northern part and upwelling over the southern slope. Over the southern slope, the strengthening of the positive is induced by the increment of the advection of relative vorticity and planetary vorticity in water column, in which the middle layer provides approximately 40 % of the total strengthening trend, but the upper layer has a minimal impact. Conversely, on the northern slope, the strengthening of the negative CGTb is primarily influenced by the upper layer.