bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome response of cassava leaves under natural shade
Authors: Ding Zehong , Zhang Yang , Xiao Yi , Liu Fangfang , Wang Minghui , Zhu Xinguang , Liu Peng , Sun Qi , Wang Wenquan , Peng Ming , Brutnell Tom , Li Pinghua 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCassava is an important staple crop in tropical and sub-tropical areas. As a common farming practice, cassava is usually cultivated intercropping with other crops and subjected to various degrees of shading, which causes reduced productivity. Herein, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed on a series of developmental cassava leaves under both full sunlight and natural shade conditions. Gene expression profiles of these two conditions exhibited similar developmental transitions, e.g. genes related to cell wall and basic cellular metabolism were highly expressed in immature leaves, genes involved in lipid metabolism and tetrapyrrole synthesis were highly expressed during the transition stages and genes related to photosynthesis and carbohydrates metabolism were highly expressed in mature leaves. Compared with the control, shade significantly induced the expression of genes involved in light reaction of photosynthesis, light signaling and DNA synthesis/chromatin structure; however, the genes related to anthocyanins biosynthesis, heat shock, calvin cycle, glycolysis, TCA cycle, mitochondrial electron transport and starch and sucrose metabolisms were dramatically depressed. Moreover, the shade also influenced the expression of hormone-related genes and transcriptional factors. The findings would improve our understanding of molecular mechanisms of shade response and shed light on pathways associated with shade-avoidance syndrome for cassava improvement.
Live volumetric (4D) visualization and guidance of in vivo human ophthalmic surgery with intraoperative optical coherence tomography
Authors: Carrasco-Zevallos O. M. , Keller B. , Viehland C. , Shen L. , Waterman G. , Todorich B. , Shieh C. , Hahn P. , Farsiu S. , Kuo A. N. , Toth C. A. , Izatt J. A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMinimally-invasive microsurgery has resulted in improved outcomes for patients. However, operating through a microscope limits depth perception and fixes the visual perspective, which result in a steep learning curve to achieve microsurgical proficiency. We introduce a surgical imaging system employing four-dimensional (live volumetric imaging through time) microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (4D MIOCT) capable of imaging at up to 10 volumes per second to visualize human microsurgery. A custom stereoscopic heads-up display provides real-time interactive volumetric feedback to the surgeon. We report that 4D MIOCT enhanced suturing accuracy and control of instrument positioning in mock surgical trials involving 17 ophthalmic surgeons. Additionally, 4D MIOCT imaging was performed in 48 human eye surgeries and was demonstrated to successfully visualize the pathology of interest in concordance with preoperative diagnosis in 93% of retinal surgeries and the surgical site of interest in 100% of anterior segment surgeries. In vivo 4D MIOCT imaging revealed sub-surface pathologic structures and instrument-induced lesions that were invisible through the operating microscope during standard surgical maneuvers. In select cases, 4D MIOCT guidance was necessary to resolve such lesions and prevent post-operative complications. Our novel surgical visualization platform achieves surgeon-interactive 4D visualization of live surgery which could expand the surgeon’s capabilities.
Stemming the Tide of Obstetric Morbidity: An Opportunity for the Anesthesiologist to Embrace the Role of Peridelivery Physician
Authors: Mhyre J.M. , Bateman B.T. 
Published: August 2016

(Anesthesiology. 2015;123(5):986–989)
Today, the use of anesthesia and analgesia during childbirth accounts for 75% fewer maternal deaths than in 1980. Anesthesia-related complications such as high neuraxial block and difficult intubation still occur in roughly 1 of 3000 deliveries, although these complications are rare enough that there are not many population-level studies available. A recent study by Guglielminotti et al1 took on this subject by analyzing New York state administrative data from 2003 to 2012. The authors found that anesthesia-related complications had declined by 25% during this time period, with a 25% decrease in the risk of negative outcomes when using neuraxial anesthesia.
Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association and Difficult Airway Society Guidelines for the Management of Difficult and Failed Tracheal Intubation in Obstetrics
Authors: Mushambi M.C. , Kinsella S.M. , Popat M. , Swales H. , Ramaswamy K.K. , Winton A.L. , Quinn A.C. 
Published: August 2016

(Anaesthesia. 2015;70(11):1286–1306)
This paper presents the first national obstetric-specific failed intubation guidelines in the United Kingdom. These guidelines were developed by a working group commissioned by the Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association and the Difficult Airway Society UK. The guidelines include specific measures to account for the physiological and physical changes of pregnancy, which significantly affect oxygenation and airway management, as well as the need to consider both maternal and fetal status when making decisions regarding management of the difficult airway. They also provide a structure for advance planning in the event that failed intubation were to arise. There is a need for standardizing the approach to obstetric failed intubation as the number of obstetric general anesthetics has been declining over the last 3 decades as regional anesthesia has become more popular. As a result, experience in managing the obstetric airway in general and the specific situation of difficult intubation has declined, especially among anesthesia trainees. In addition, other trends in anesthesia care, such as the increased use of supraglottic airway devices (SADs), has led to a decrease in the use of some specific airway skills, including bag/mask ventilation and tracheal intubation.
Obstetric Difficult Airway Guidelines Decision-making in Critical Situations
Authors: Rucklidge M.W. , Yentis S.M. 
Published: August 2016

(Anaesthesia. 2015;70:1221–1229)
Anesthesiologists are frequently faced with critical decision-making when complex clinical emergencies arise (eg, failed tracheal intubation in the obstetric setting). Recent decades have seen a decline in the use of general anesthesia for cesarean section across the developed world, thus reducing the likelihood of anesthesiologists facing such situations. This increases the pressure on anesthesiologists when they do face such situations as not only is the situation a rarity for them, it also tends to be reserved for women requiring the most urgent deliveries. Universal difficult airway guideline for nonobstetric, nonpediatric patients were published in 2004, and there have been algorithms to guide anesthesiologists who encounter airway emergencies, but it is only now that national obstetric-specific difficult airway guidelines have been developed in the United Kingdom. These guidelines have been jointly developed by the Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association (OAA) and the Difficult Airway Society (DAS). The myriad of settings in which such an airway crisis may occur and limited available evidence contributed to the delay that occurred in compiling obstetric-specific difficult airway guidelines.
Neurological Complications Associated With Regional The Second ASRA Practice Advisory on Anesthesia and Pain Medicine: Executive Summary 2015
Authors: Neal J.M. , Barrington M.J. , Brull R. , Hadzic A. , Hebl J.R. , Horlocker T.T. , Huntoon M.A. , Kopp S.L. , Rathmell J.P. , Watson J.C. 
Published: August 2016

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015;40(5):401–430)
In 2008, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine published a practice advisory on neurological complications associated with regional anesthesia and pain medicine. This article contains the updated recommendations from their second advisory panel in 2012. This second advisory summarizes the original recommendations that have not been significantly altered, and adds information on nerve injuries resulting from common orthopedic surgeries. Various monitoring technologies are also recommended for the role they can play in preventing complications, including ultrasound-assisted spinal and epidural anesthesia as well as injection pressure monitoring. Clinical recommendations now include information on spinal stenosis and vertebral canal pathologies, blood pressure management, neuraxial blocks in anesthetized or deeply sedated patients, patients with preexisting neurological disease, and inflammatory neuropathies. The authors also present a revised diagnostic and treatment algorithm.
Regional Anesthesia in Patients With Preexisting Neurological Disease
Authors: Kopp S.L. , Jacob A.K. , Hebl J.R. 
Published: August 2016

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015;40(5):467–478)
Patients with preexisting neurological diseases present a challenge when considering the use of regional anesthesia. Any further physical trauma along the neural pathway could worsen the already damaged neural structures and subject patients to the double crush phenomenon. As these diseases are rare, the available data are limited and conflicting. This article provides a literature update to the 2008 recommendations for performing regional anesthesia in patients with neurological diseases. Prospective, randomized, controlled trials, retrospective studies, case-controlled cohort studies, case series, and case reports published since 2006 were included for review.
Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury Associated With Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine: 2015 Update
Authors: Neal J.M. , Kopp S.L. , Pasternak J.J. , Lanier W.L. , Rathmell J.P. 
Published: August 2016

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015;40:506–525)
When regional anesthesia or the standard administration of pain medicine causes damage to the neuraxis, it is typically the result of injury to the spinal nerve roots or their blood supply. The causes of these injuries can only occasionally be traced back to a known cause and are frequently difficult to explain. As part of an ongoing effort to address this complicated issue, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine met in 2012 to conduct its second Practice Advisory on the subject of complications associated with regional anesthesia and pain medicine. The purpose of these advisories is to establish an anatomic and pathophysiological foundation on which a more thorough understanding of these complications can be built. This article provides a summary of the meeting’s proceedings as well as a review of any relevant findings that have been published since its conclusion.
Effectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions on Preventing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Excessive Maternal Weight Gain: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Sanabria-Martínez G. , García-Hermoso A. , Poyatos-León R. , Álvarez-Bueno C. , Sánchez-López M. , Martínez-Vizcaíno V. 
Published: August 2016

(BJOG. 2015;122(9):1167–1174)
Pregnant women who experience excessive maternal weight gain (MWG) are at increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertension, preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, macrosomia, stillbirth, and perinatal complications. It has been suggested that physical activity (PA) during pregnancy might help to prevent some of these risks. However, clinicians are reluctant to recommend PA to pregnant women due to conflicting evidence. In order to determine whether or not PA prevents GDM and excessive MWG, the authors of the present meta-analysis reviewed randomized controlled trials and assessed the effectiveness of physical exercise programs during pregnancy in preventing excessive MWG and GDM.
Women’s Experiences With Neuraxial Labor Analgesia in the Listening to Mothers II Survey: A Content Analysis of Open-ended Responses
Authors: Attanasio Laura , Kozhimannil Katy B. , Jou Judy , McPherson Marianne E. , Camann William 
Published: August 2016

(Anesth Analg. 2015;121:974–980)
Neuraxial analgesia provides effective pain relief with minimal effect on the fetus and without increased risk of cesarean delivery. Most studies that address the patient experience with neuraxial analgesia during childbirth utilize small numbers and broad questions. Using secondary analysis of a larger database, these authors identify themes of positive or negative experiences with neuraxial analgesia using data collected from the Listening to Mothers II survey. Questionnaires, which contained 3 open-ended questions, were completed online (n=1373) or using telephone interview (n=200); the final analysis included 914 women of childbearing age, of which 69% were white non-Hispanic, 12% African American non-Hispanic, and 13% Hispanic.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mode of Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Butwick A.J. , Blumenfeld Y.J. , Brookfield K.F. , Nelson L.M. , Weiniger C.F. 
Published: August 2016

(Anesth Analg. 2016;122:472–479)
Neuraxial anesthesia is usually the preferred anesthetic mode for cesarean delivery (CD). However, for African American women undergoing CD, the odds of general anesthesia use are 1.5-fold higher than for whites. The authors of the present study thus investigated whether racial/ethnic disparities exist for mode of anesthesia (general vs. neuraxial, which includes spinal, epidural, or combined spinal-epidural anesthesia) among women undergoing CD. The authors also evaluated whether or not these associations are influenced by demographic and maternal factors, obstetric morbidities, and indications for CD.
Fibrinogen Plasma Concentration Before Delivery is not Associated With Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Karlsson O. , Jeppsson A. , Thornemo M. , Lafrenz H. , Rådström M. , Hellgren M. 
Published: August 2016

(BJA. 2015;115(1):99–104)
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the most common cause of severe morbidity during labor, as well as the most common obstetric cause of intensive care unit admission. Three recent studies have found an association between low fibrinogen concentration after the onset of bleeding and increased risk of severe PPH, but it is unclear whether the reduced fibrinogen concentration is due to low endogenous fibrinogen concentration present before labor, or is the result of consumption, bleeding, or hemodilution. This prospective observational study evaluated any association between fibrinogen concentration at admission to the labor ward and PPH severity. In addition, the present study described fibrinogen concentration before and after labor and identified predictors for severe PPH.
Pregnancy-related Cardiovascular Deaths in California: Beyond Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hameed A.B. , Lawton E.S. , McCain C.L. , Morton C.H. , Mitchell C. , Main E.K. , Foster E. 
Published: August 2016

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(3):379.e1–e10)
Cardiovascular disease is currently understood to be the leading cause of pregnancy-related mortality in the United States. The authors of this study analyzed the incidence as well as the type of cardiovascular disease that results in maternal death. Other objectives included analysis of risk factors, including race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, as well as birth outcomes, timing and causes of deaths, and symptoms of cardiovascular disease.
Iodine Deficiency in a Study Population of Pregnant Women in Sweden
Authors: Granfors M. , Andersson M. , Stinca S. , Åkerud H. , Skalkidou A. , Sundström Poromaa I. , Wikström A. , Filipsson Nyström H. 
Published: August 2016

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94):1168–1174)
Iodine requirements for women are approximately 50% greater in early pregnancy than when in the nonpregnant state. However, in Sweden, data on the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women are scarce and there are no current national recommendations concerning iodine supplementation during pregnancy. Therefore, in the present study, authors evaluated iodine nutrition in two cohorts of pregnant women in Sweden.
Implementing an Obstetric Emergency Team Response System: Overcoming Barriers and Sustaining Response Dose
Authors: Richardson M.G. , Domaradzki K.A. , McWeeney D.T. 
Published: August 2016

(Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2015;41(11):514–521)
Rapid response systems were developed to react quickly to the specific symptoms that commonly occur before cardiopulmonary arrest in hospitals. However, response systems for obstetric patients are less well established. In this article, the authors described the implementation of an obstetric emergency team (OBET) response system that uses a unique communication system, response team composition, and interprofessional leadership support to better respond to obstetric emergencies.
Risk Factors for Severe Secondary Postpartum Hemorrhages: A Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Debost-Legrand A. , Rivière O. , Dossou M. , Vendittelli F. 
Published: August 2016

(Birth. 2015;42(3):235–241)
Immediate postpartum hemorrhage is a common and dangerous complication for which risk factors have been established. However, there is a distinct lack of research regarding secondary postpartum hemorrhage, with only 2 studies reporting on possible risk factors. These studies found a variety of risk factors, including immediate postpartum hemorrhage, hemorrhage during pregnancy, manual removal of the placenta, a history of secondary postpartum hemorrhage, hospitalization during the third trimester, maternal smoking, and a prolonged or incomplete third stage of labor. The authors of this study sought to determine what factors might indicate an increased risk for severe secondary postpartum hemorrhage with the primary goal being to determine the association with immediate postpartum hemorrhage.
Risk Factors for Persistent Pain and its Influence on Maternal Wellbeing After Cesarean Section
Authors: Niklasson B. , Georgsson Öhman S. , Segerdahl M. , Blanck A. 
Published: August 2016

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94(6):622–628)
After surgery, patients might develop persistent pain, which is defined as pain that lasts for 3 months or more and continues even after the time it takes for the tissue to heal. Persistent pain is more common after major surgeries, but can also occur after other procedures. The literature reports that pain management might be inadequate following various types of surgeries, including cesarean section. The authors of this study sought to determine the incidence of persistent pain following a cesarean section as well as any possible risk factors.
Clinical, Ethical, and Legal Considerations in Pregnant Women With Opioid Abuse
Authors: Kremer M.E. , Arora K.S. 
Published: August 2016

(Obstet Gynecol. 2015;126:474–478)
Opioid-dependent pregnant women who undergo acute opioid withdrawal during pregnancy are at increased risk for miscarriage, placental abruption, preterm labor, and stillbirth. Physicians should thus have basic familiarity with the medical, ethical, and legal issues surrounding opioid maintenance therapy, which mitigates the risks of frequent withdrawal during gestation and reduces the risk of relapse after delivery. Longer-lasting therapies like methadone and buprenorphine can increase accessibility to care for this population all while preserving confidentiality, decreasing social stigma, and reducing lengthy resource-intensive hospitalizations. Other benefits include lowered risk of bloodborne infection transmission and improved maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
Patient Satisfaction Between Remifentanil Patient-controlled Analgesia and Epidural Analgesia for Labor Pain
Authors: Frauenfelder S. , van Rijn R. , Radder C.M. , de Vries M.C. , Dijksman L.M. , Godfried M.B. 
Published: August 2016

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94(9):1014–1021)
Remifentanil is a short-acting opioid that is able to metabolize quickly through nonspecific tissue esterases with peak onset at 60 to 90 seconds. Patient-controlled remifentanil is now used for labor analgesia on some units, and several studies have positively evaluated the safety and efficacy of its use. However, it is associated with infrequent but serious side effects impacting patient respiration. Epidural analgesia is currently seen as the best option for labor analgesia, but it carries its own side effects, including postdural puncture headache, hypotension, an increased risk for instrumental deliveries, and increased body temperature that can make maternal infections more difficult to detect. The authors of this study compared these 2 methods of analgesia according to levels of patient satisfaction.
Differences in Maternal Temperature During Labour With Remifentanil Patient-controlled Analgesia or Epidural Analgesia: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Douma M.R. , Stienstra R. , Middeldorp J.M. , Arbous M.S. , Dahan A. 
Published: August 2016

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2015;24(4):313–322)
Two popular techniques for the treatment of labor pain are epidural analgesia (EA) and intravenous remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia (RPCA). Remifentanil is a μ-opioid receptor agonist with a rapid onset of action and short latency to peak analgesic effect. This randomized, controlled trial was performed to compare the rate of maternal fever (temperature ≥38°C) in parturients receiving RPCA with those receiving either EA or no analgesia. The authors hypothesized that fever would be more prevalent in patients receiving EA compared with patients receiving either RPCA or no analgesia. The secondary objectives studied included differences in maternal oxygen saturation (SpO2), nausea, vomiting, sedation, pruritus, hypotension, and neonatal outcome.
Real-time Ultrasound-guided Epidural Catheter Insertion in Obese Parturients
Authors: Gnaho A. , Nau A. , Gentili M. E. 
Published: August 2016

(Can J Anaesth. 2015;62(11):1226–1227)
Preprocedural and real-time ultrasound assessment can aid practitioners in the placement of epidural catheters, which can be a technique that is particularly difficult to perform on morbidly obese patients. To investigate this, these authors conducted a study to assess real-time ultrasound guidance in patients who had failure of epidural insertion using pre-procedural ultrasound and the loss-of-resistance technique.
Accuracy in Obtaining 100 μg from 10 mg of Morphine for Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Benkhadra M. , Rivory J.-C. , Wessels C.L. , Guerard P. , Vadot L. , Astruc K. , Dumas M.O. , Girard C. 
Published: August 2016

(J Clin Anesth. 2015;27:638–645)
A 100 μg is the recommended dose of morphine for patients following a cesarean section. In France there is a variety of morphine concentrations available, including 1 mg/1 mL and 10 mg/1 mL, and 100 μg/1 mL. These different concentrations may increase the likelihood of an erroneous dosage being administered. There are also many different dilution methods that are used to prepare a dose of morphine, which can further complicate attempts to arrive at the standard postcesarean dose of 100 μg. The authors of this study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of common dilution procedures by measuring the concentration of morphine obtained when the dilution techniques were used to obtain a dose from a 10-mg/1-mL ampule of morphine.