bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Zika virus, 1947–2007
Authors: Posen H Joshua , Keystone Jay S , Gubbay Jonathan B , Morris Shaun K 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionSince 1947, Zika virus has been identified sporadically in humans in Africa and Asia; however, clinically consequential Zika virus disease had not been documented prior to the current outbreak in the Americas. Considering 6 decades have passed since the first identification of the virus, it is perhaps unexpected that Zika virus was recognised only recently as capable of causing disease epidemics. Substantial work on understanding the epidemiology of Zika virus has been conducted since the virus' first outbreak in 2007 in Micronesia; however, there has been little study of the earlier data on Zika virus.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted to identify evidence of Zika virus infection in humans from 1947 to 2007. Data extracted included seroprevalence of Zika virus infection, age distributions of positive test results and serologic test modalities used. Country-level and age-specific seroprevalence was calculated. Estimates of seroprevalence by different serologic test modalities were compared.Results12 026 citations were retrieved by the literature search, and 76 articles were included in this review. Evidence of Zika virus infection in humans was found in 29 countries in Africa, 8 countries in Asia and 1 country in Europe. Country-level seroprevalence of Zika virus infection ranged from 0.4% to 53.3%. Seroprevalence of Zika virus infection was found to increase across the lifespan; 15–40% of reproductive-age individuals may have been previously infected. No significant difference was found between estimates of seroprevalence by different serologic test modalities.DiscussionZika virus has likely been endemic for decades in certain regions of the world; however, the majority of reproductive-age individuals have likely not been infected. Historical evidence of Zika virus infection exists regardless of the serologic test modality used.
Are lower levels of red blood cell transfusion more cost-effective than liberal levels after cardiac surgery? Findings from the TITRe2 randomised controlled trial
Authors: Stokes E A , Wordsworth S , Bargo D , Pike K , Rogers C A , Brierley R C M , Angelini G D , Murphy G J , Reeves B C 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the incremental cost and cost-effectiveness of a restrictive versus a liberal red blood cell transfusion threshold after cardiac surgery.DesignA within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis with a 3-month time horizon, based on a multicentre superiority randomised controlled trial from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services in the UK.Setting17 specialist cardiac surgery centres in UK NHS hospitals.Participants2003 patients aged >16 years undergoing non-emergency cardiac surgery with a postoperative haemoglobin of <9 g/dL.InterventionsRestrictive (transfuse if haemoglobin <7.5 g/dL) or liberal (transfuse if haemoglobin <9 g/dL) threshold during hospitalisation after surgery.Main outcome measuresHealth-related quality of life measured using the EQ-5D-3L to calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).ResultsThe total costs from surgery up to 3 months were £17 945 and £18 127 in the restrictive and liberal groups (mean difference is −£182, 95% CI −£1108 to £744). The cost difference was largely attributable to the difference in the cost of red blood cells. Mean QALYs to 3 months were 0.18 in both groups (restrictive minus liberal difference is 0.0004, 95% CI −0.0037 to 0.0045). The point estimate for the base-case cost-effectiveness analysis suggested that the restrictive group was slightly more effective and slightly less costly than the liberal group and, therefore, cost-effective. However, there is great uncertainty around these results partly due to the negligible differences in QALYs gained.ConclusionsWe conclude that there is no clear difference in the cost-effectiveness of restrictive and liberal thresholds for red blood cell transfusion after cardiac surgery.Trial registration numberISRCTN70923932; Results.
Predictors of patient satisfaction in an emergency care centre in central Saudi Arabia: a prospective study
Authors: Abolfotouh Mostafa A , Al-Assiri Mohammed H , Alshahrani Rabab T , Almutairi Zainab M , Hijazi Raid A , Alaskar Ahmed S 
Published: August 2016

AimThis study aimed to (i) assess the level of patient satisfaction and its association with different sociodemographic and healthcare characteristics in an emergency care centre (ECC) in Saudi Arabia and (ii) to identify the predictors of patients' satisfaction.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 390 adult patients with Canadian triage category III and IV who visited ECC at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 1 July and end of September 2011 was conducted. All patients were followed up from the time of arrival at the front desk of ECC until being seen by a doctor, and were then interviewed. Patient satisfaction was measured using a previously validated interview-questionnaire, within two domains: clarity of medical information and relationship with staff. Patient perception of health status after as compared with before the visit, and overall life satisfaction were also measured. Data on patient characteristics and healthcare characteristics were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was used, and significance was considered at p≤0.05.ResultsOne-third (32.8%) of patients showed high level of overall satisfaction and 26.7% were unsatisfied, with percentage mean score of 70.36% (17.40), reflecting moderate satisfaction. After adjusting for all potential confounders, lower satisfaction with the ED visit was significantly associated with male gender (p<0.001), long waiting time (p=0.032) and low perceived health status compared with status at admission (p<0.001). Overall life satisfaction was not a significant predictor of patient satisfaction.ConclusionsAn appreciation of waiting time as the only significant modifiable risk factor of patient satisfaction is essential to improve the healthcare services, especially at emergency settings.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and childhood overweight and obesity
Authors: Rayfield Sarah , Plugge Emma 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundBy 2020, it is predicted that 60 million children worldwide will be overweight. Maternal smoking in pregnancy has been suggested as a contributing factor. Our objective was to systematically review studies on this, thereby expanding the evidence base for this association.MethodsSystematic review with meta-analysis, Prospero Registration number CRD42012002859. We searched PubMed, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science and the Grey literature. We included prevalence, cohort and cross-sectional studies involving full-term, singleton pregnancies. Published and unpublished studies through to 1 January 2015 in all languages, demonstrating an objective overweight outcome up until 18 years of age and data presented as an OR, were included. Quality assessment was undertaken using an adaption of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager V.5.3.FindingsThe meta-analysis included 39 studies of 236 687 children from Europe, Australia, North America and South America and Asia. Maternal smoking in pregnancy ranged from 5.5% to 38.7%, with the prevalence of overweight from 6.3% to 32.1% and obesity from 2.6% to 17%. Pooled adjusted ORs demonstrated an elevated odds of maternal smoking in pregnancy for childhood overweight (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.46, I245%) and childhood obesity (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.73, I224%).InterpretationOur results demonstrate an association between maternal prenatal smoking and childhood overweight. This contributes to the growing evidence for the aetiology of childhood overweight, providing important information for policymakers and health professionals alike in planning cessation programmes or antismoking interventions for pregnant female smokers.
Circulating Tumor DNA as an Early Indicator of Response to T-cell Transfer Immunotherapy in Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Xi Liqiang , Pham Trinh Hoc-Tran , Payabyab Eden C. , Sherry Richard M. , Rosenberg Steven A. , Raffeld Mark 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Adoptive transfer of activated autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can mediate complete, durable regressions in patients with metastatic melanoma. Responding patients generally do not have significant changes in noncutaneous RECIST targets before 30 to 60 days following TIL infusion, and complete responses are often not confirmed for 1 to 2 years. There is a critical need for a biomarker that can provide early information regarding the likelihood and duration of a response to enable rational decisions about altering therapy. We wished to evaluate the role of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in separating responding from nonresponding patients.
Experimental Design: We studied BRAF V600E ctDNA levels by a sensitive allele-specific PCR assay in 388 serum samples from 48 patients who received TIL immunotherapy at the NCI and correlated differences in the dynamic patterns of their ctDNA measurements with response outcomes.
Results: A strong correlation was found between the presence or absence of an early serum peak of V600E ctDNA, and the likelihood of an objective response. Furthermore, patients that developed an early ctDNA peak and cleared their serum of V600E ctDNA were highly likely to achieve a complete response over the next 1 to 2 years. Patients that showed no peak of V600E ctDNA failed to achieve an objective response, with one exception.
Conclusions: We show that the dynamic changes occurring in BRAF V600E ctDNA levels within the first month following T-cell transfer immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma can be used to rapidly identify responding from nonresponding patients, potentially allowing clinicians to make critical treatment-related decisions in a more timely manner. These data also suggest that the majority of tumor killing by TIL occurs very early after the initiation of therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5480–6. ©2016 AACR.
AVANÇO E RETRAÇÃO DE ÁREA GLACIAL NO EXTREMO NORTE DA PENÍNSULA TRINITY, ANTÁRTICA, ENTRE 1988 E 2015
Authors: Sotille Maria Eliza , Bremer Ulisses Franz , Simões Jefferson Cardia 
Published: August 2016

O extremo norte da Península Trinity, na Península Antártica, sofreu mudanças na sua área coberta de gelo e na temperatura do ar ao longo das últimas três décadas. Visando apontar os avanços e as retrações da massa de gelo ocorridas na área, realizamos um levantamento das variações da posição das frentes de 32 geleiras ao longo de 27 anos (1988–2015). O estudo usou 10 imagens Landsat para identificar as variações das frentes das geleiras e compará-las com as variações na temperatura média anual do ar. Nesse período, ocorreu o recuo de aproximadamente 50 km² nas frentes de gelo da região e um avanço de ±10 km², resultando na perda de ±40 km² da área coberta por gelo no extremo norte da Península Trinity (em torno de ±2,7 % da área de estudo). No período 1988–2000 essa península perdeu ±25,1 km² de gelo somente em suas frentes, entre 2000 e 2006 a perda for de ±12,2 km² e entre 2006 e 2011 de 5,0 km². O período 2011–2015 foi o único a apresentar avanços maiores que retrações, com um aumento de ±2,5 km² (±0,16%) de área. Os dados da temperatura média do ar, provenientes da base antártica Esperanza (Argentina 63°23'S 56°59'O), obtidos no portal READER, mostram aumento na média durante o verão (dez-fev) ao longo dos últimos 30 anos (1985–2015), no período 1964–2014 esse aumento foi de 1,45°C.
A systematic review of high quality randomized controlled trials investigating motor skill programmes for children with developmental coordination disorder
Authors: Preston Nick , Magallón Sara , Hill Liam JB , Andrews Elizabeth , Ahern Sara M , Mon-Williams Mark 
Published: August 2016

Objective: To identify effective motor training interventions for children with developmental coordination disorder from research graded as high quality (using objective criteria) for the purpose of informing evidence-based clinical practice. Data sources: We followed the guidance for conducting systematic reviews issued by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Six OvidSP electronic databases (AMED, All EBM reviews (including Cochrane), Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PsychARTICLES Full Text, PsycINFO) were searched systematically. We aimed to retain only randomized control trials and systematic reviews of randomized control trials, defined as the highest level of evidence by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. We searched reference lists of retained articles to identify further appropriate articles. Review methods: Two reviewers critically appraised and categorized articles by effect size (including confidence intervals), inclusion of power calculations and quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Only studies scoring seven or more on the PEDro scale (classed by the PEDro as high reliability) were retained. Results: No systematic reviews met our criteria for inclusion from 846 articles yielded by the systematic search. Nine randomized control trials investigating 15 interventions to improve motor skills met our inclusion criteria for ‘high quality’. Nevertheless, not all included studies were adequately powered for determining an effect. Conclusion: Large effect sizes associated with 95 % confidence intervals suggest that ‘Neuromotor Task Training’, ‘Task-oriented Motor Training’ and ‘Motor Imagery + Task Practice Training’ are the most effective reported interventions for improving motor skills in children with developmental coordination disorder.
Distinct pattern of lesion distribution in multiple sclerosis is associated with different circulating T-helper and helper-like innate lymphoid cell subsets
Authors: Gross Catharina C , Schulte-Mecklenbeck Andreas , Hanning Uta , Posevitz-Fejfár Anita , Korsukewitz Catharina , Schwab Nicholas , Meuth Sven G , Wiendl Heinz , Klotz Luisa 
Published: August 2016

Background: Distinct lesion topography in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) might be due to different antigen presentation and/or trafficking routes of immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS). Objective: To investigate whether distinct lesion patterns in multiple sclerosis (MS) might be associated with a predominance of distinct circulating T-helper cell subset as well as their innate counterparts. Methods: Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes derived from the peripheral blood of patients with exclusively cerebral (n = 20) or predominantly spinal (n = 12) disease manifestation. Results: Patients with exclusively cerebral or preferential spinal lesion manifestation were associated with increased proportions of circulating granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) producing TH1 cells or interleukin (IL)-17-producing TH17 cells, respectively. In contrast, proportions of peripheral IL-17/IL-22-producing lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi), the innate counterpart of TH17 cells, were enhanced in RRMS patients with exclusively cerebral lesion topography. Conclusions: Distinct T-helper and T-helper-like innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets are associated with different lesion topography in RRMS.
Gene, Environment and Methylation (GEM): a tool suite to efficiently navigate large scale epigenome wide association studies and integrate genotype and interaction between genotype and environment
Authors: Pan Hong , Holbrook Joanna D. , Karnani Neerja , Kwoh Chee Keong 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background
The interplay among genetic, environment and epigenetic variation is not fully understood. Advances in high-throughput genotyping methods, high-density DNA methylation detection and well-characterized sample collections, enable epigenetic association studies at the genomic and population levels (EWAS). The field has extended to interrogate the interaction of environmental and genetic (GxE) influences on epigenetic variation. Also, the detection of methylation quantitative trait loci (methQTLs) and their association with health status has enhanced our knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms in disease trajectory. However analysis of this type of data brings computational challenges and there are few practical solutions to enable large scale studies in standard computational environments.

Results
GEM is a highly efficient R tool suite for performing epigenome wide association studies (EWAS). GEM provides three major functions named GEM_Emodel, GEM_Gmodel and GEM_GxEmodel to study the interplay of Gene, Environment and Methylation (GEM). Within GEM, the pre-existing “Matrix eQTL” package is utilized and extended to study methylation quantitative trait loci (methQTL) and the interaction of genotype and environment (GxE) to determine DNA methylation variation, using matrix based iterative correlation and memory-efficient data analysis. Benchmarking presented here on a publicly available dataset, demonstrated that GEM can facilitate reliable genome-wide methQTL and GxE analysis on a standard laptop computer within minutes.

Conclusions
The GEM package facilitates efficient EWAS study in large cohorts. It is written in R code and can be freely downloaded from Bioconductor at https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/GEM/.
INC-Seq: accurate single molecule reads using nanopore sequencing
Authors: Li Chenhao , Chng Kern Rei , Boey Esther Jia Hui , Ng Amanda Hui Qi , Wilm Andreas , Nagarajan Niranjan 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Nanopore sequencing provides a rapid, cheap and portable real-time sequencing platform with the potential to revolutionize genomics. However, several applications are limited by relatively high single-read error rates (&gt;10 %), including RNA-seq, haplotype sequencing and 16S sequencing.

Results
We developed the Intramolecular-ligated Nanopore Consensus Sequencing (INC-Seq) as a strategy for obtaining long and accurate nanopore reads, starting with low input DNA. Applying INC-Seq for 16S rRNA-based bacterial profiling generated full-length amplicon sequences with a median accuracy &gt;97 %.

Conclusions
INC-Seq reads enabled accurate species-level classification, identification of species at 0.1 % abundance and robust quantification of relative abundances, providing a cheap and effective approach for pathogen detection and microbiome profiling on the MinION system.
Effect of molecular weight of hyaluronic acid (HA) on viscoelasticity and particle texturing feel of HA dermal biphasic fillers
Authors: Chun Cheolbyong , Lee Deuk Yong , Kim Jin-Tae , Kwon Mi-Kyung , Kim Young-Zu , Kim Seok-Soon 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal biphasic fillers are synthesized for their efficacy in correcting aesthetic defects such as wrinkles, scars and facial contouring defects. The fillers consist of crosslinked HA microspheres suspended in a noncrosslinked HA. To extend the duration of HAs within the dermis and obtain the particle texturing feel, HAs are crosslinked to obtain the suitable mechanical properties.

Results
Hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal biphasic fillers are prepared by mixing the crosslinked HA microspheres and the noncrosslinked HAs. The elastic modulus of the fillers increased with raising the volume fraction of the microspheres. The mechanical properties and the particle texturing feel of the fillers made from crosslinked HA (1058 kDa) microspheres suspended in noncrosslinked HA (1368 kDa) are successfully achieved, which are adequate for the fillers.

Conclusions
Dermal biphasic HA fillers made from 1058 kDa exhibit suitable elastic moduli (211 to 420 Pa) and particle texturing feel (scale 7 ~ 9).
Social Problems of Regulation of Field Allowances in the Far North
Authors: Попова  , Popova O. , Неустроева  , Neustroeva A. 
Published: August 2016

The article deals with the problem of rationing of compensation payments for field and expeditionary works. The concepts of field allowances and field work
are defined. Legal regulations of field allowances rationing for enterprises of different ownership forms are analyzed. Allowances and compensations for field
work and work in shifts are compared. The reasons for abolition of field work compensation limits for tax purposes while retaining those for work in shifts are
discussed. Impact of field allowances regulations on social security of employees, working in field or involved in work of expeditionary nature, as well as on
revenues of municipal budgets are substantiated. Examples of field allowances regulations adopted in the Russian Federation for organizations of different
industrial branches financed from the state budget are given. Necessity of rationing of field allowances standards on scientific basis is proved. Scientific methods
of field allowances rationing that can be used in the calculation of payment standards are presented.
Practical Approaches to the Assessment of Conformity Professional Knowledge and Skills of the Construction Company’s Top Manager to Requirements Positions Held
Authors: Ловчева  , Lovcheva M. , Лебедев  , Lebedev A. , Ермаченков  , Ermachenkov F. 
Published: August 2016

This article presents the review of modern labor market in the construction industry, shows the trend of changes in the remuneration level of the construction
companies management, depending on certain factors. Based on additional analysis the author has developed a practical approach to the assessment
of professional knowledge and skills conformity of the construction company management. According this approach the employee of the group of companies
“Tekhnostroy” was certified to the position of Chief engineer. The work also determined that all modern enterprises of the construction sector have no methodology
for employee’s certification.
A fidelity mechanism in DNA polymerase lambda promotes error‐free bypass of 8‐oxo‐dG
Authors: Burak Matthew J , Guja Kip E , Hambardjieva Elena , Derkunt Burak , Garcia‐Diaz Miguel 
Published: August 2016

Abstract8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxo‐dG) has high mutagenic potential as it is prone to mispair with deoxyadenine (dA). In order to maintain genomic integrity, post‐replicative 8‐oxo‐dG:dA mispairs are removed through DNA polymerase lambda (Pol λ)‐dependent MUTYH‐initiated base excision repair (BER). Here, we describe seven novel crystal structures and kinetic data that fully characterize 8‐oxo‐dG bypass by Pol λ. We demonstrate that Pol λ has a flexible active site that can tolerate 8‐oxo‐dG in either the anti‐ or syn‐conformation. Importantly, we show that discrimination against the pro‐mutagenic syn‐conformation occurs at the extension step and identify the residue responsible for this selectivity. This residue acts as a kinetic switch, shunting repair toward long‐patch BER upon correct dCMP incorporation, thus enhancing repair efficiency. Moreover, this switch also provides a potential mechanism to increase repair fidelity of MUTYH‐initiated BER.