bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video Feedback in Key Word Signing Training for Preservice Direct Support Staff
Authors: Rombouts Ellen , Meuris Kristien , Maes Bea , De Meyer Anne-Marie , Zink Inge 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Research has demonstrated that formal training is essential for professionals to learn key word signing. Yet, the particular didactic strategies have not been studied. Therefore, this study compared the effectiveness of verbal and video feedback in a key word signing training for future direct support staff.

Method

Forty-nine future direct support staff were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 key word signing training programs: modeling and verbal feedback (classical method [CM]), additional video feedback (
+
ViF), and additional video feedback and photo reminder (
+
ViF/R). Signing accuracy and training acceptability were measured 1 week after and 7 months after training.

Results

Participants from the
+
ViF/R program achieved significantly higher signing accuracy compared with the CM group. Acceptability ratings did not differ between any of the groups.

Conclusion
Results suggest that at an equal time investment, the programs containing more training components were more effective. Research on the effect of rehearsal on signing maintenance is warranted.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963667
Molecular circuits for dynamic noise filtering
Authors: Zechner Christoph , Seelig Georg , Rullan Marc , Khammash Mustafa 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Signaling modules in living cells function and respond in a surprisingly robust way, in spite of their very noisy environment. In contrast, this is not the case for most synthetic circuits in living cells, which are usually designed and tuned in silico under specific assumptions that do not hold in the real environment of the cell. To recover the robust behavior, synthetic circuits need a means to make inference about their dynamic environment, which in turn can be used to effectively counteract it. Here we show how such inference can be implemented as biochemical modules and illustrate how this can guide the design of adaptive synthetic circuits.
Optically Active Bisnorchrysanthemic Acids
Authors: Okada Katsuhide , Fujimoto Keimei , Matsui Masanao 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Four optically active bisnorchrysanthemic acids (dimethylvinylcyclopropanecarboxylic acids) were prepared from chrysanthemic acids, and the toxicities of their allethronyl esters towards houseflies were measured and compared with those of chrysanthemic acids. Some data were obtained on the correlation between chemical structure and biological activity.
Using student activity trends to inform purchasing: a layered model for collection management
Authors: Mason Katherine F. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of a layered model for describing student activity that librarians can use to inform collection management decisions. It proposes using student activity in the classroom and the library, physically and virtually, to increase understanding of student curricular and research needs. The model can be used as a tool to facilitate conversations and can be adapted for use in large and small projects.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper used a theoretical approach using Mathematics Department as an example, with supporting evidence from existing studies and research. As a theoretical paper, data are discussed in the framework of what information you might use.

Findings
Experimentation suggests that the framework of student activity provides a meaningful assessment of collection contents that can be used to inform collection development activities. Implementation of the model in response to a specific research question may build evidence towards the assertion that patterns of academic activity and library use should be used to improve collection offerings.

Research limitations/implications
Further research is required to determine which criteria are most appropriate for inclusion in specific collection development activities and which questions are best suited for modeling.

Practical implications
The paper includes implications for developing student “personas” that can be used in collection building and beyond.

Social implications
The framework introduced can be used by libraries of any size or type to develop a layered model of student, or more generally user, activity.

Originality/value
This paper adds a flexible, responsive process to the body of collection assessment methods.
Market orientation and service innovation on customer perceived value
Authors: Yeh Ying-Pin 
Published: April 2016

PurposeTo enhance their competitive advantage, firms are increasingly regarding customer-perceived value as a vital factor in advancing the level of service performance. This paper aims to explore how supermarket retailers select and implement market orientation (MO) and service innovation strategies to enhance customer-perceived value based on their investment.Design/methodology/approachA review of the related literature indicated that studies have rarely explored the meanings and outcomes of MO and service innovation. Therefore, this paper examined the roles of MO and service innovation, evaluating how these factors affected relationship quality and customer-perceived value in a supermarket context. Customer advocacy and customer participation were evaluated as the mediating variables, and six hypotheses were formulated. The data were collected by conducting a questionnaire survey of the customers from five of the largest Taiwanese supermarket retailers. A structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses based on the respondent sample data.FindingsThe results indicated that customer participation and relationship quality are positively related to customer-perceived value. Customer advocacy is positively related to customer participation and relationship quality. MO and service innovation are positively related to customer advocacy.Research Limitations/implicationsThe high explanatory power of the results of the deduced model in this research help explain the MO and service innovation of supermarket retailers toward customers. However, the collection of data related to other retailers requires consumers in other countries to test the robustness of this theoretical model. The results of analyses conducted on other industries and in other countries may differ.Practical ImplicationsThis paper investigated how the MO and service innovation capabilities of supermarket retailers contributed to their customer advocacy to achieve superior customer participation, customer relationship quality and customer-perceived value.Originality/valueThis paper investigates the effect of MO and service innovation on relationship quality and perceived value, and regards customer advocacy and customer participation as mediators.
Strategies for Comparative Urbanism: Post‐socialism as a De‐territorialized Concept
Authors: Tuvikene Tauri 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe aim of this article is to critically assess the study of post‐socialist cities with respect to comparative urbanism. Even though comparative urbanism has challenged the division of the world into largely incommensurable regional containers, where some regions are sources of theory while others remain in the periphery of thinking, post‐socialist cities have remained doubly excluded: neither centre nor periphery, neither mainstream nor part of the critique. This article introduces three ways in which post‐socialism has and could be perceived: as a container, as a condition and as a de‐territorialized concept. It is argued here that seeing post‐socialism as a de‐territorialized concept that would apply to particular aspects of cities and societies rather than territorialized units in general would allow cities regularly seen as post‐socialist to be incorporated into global urban theorizing, while distinctive local histories and experiences still remain analytically present. The article cautions researchers against area‐based imaginations of urban theorization, instead arguing in favour of an approach that sees cities first and foremost as ordinary while some aspects could be claimed to be post‐socialist. Tallinn is used here as a site from which to draw examples for this mainly literature‐based conceptual analysis.
Social university challenge: Constructing pragmatic graduate competencies for social networking
Authors: Benson Vladlena , Morgan Stephanie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWith the strong acceptance of social technologies by student users, the academic applications have swiftly followed, bringing a social dimension into every area of university life. However, there have been concerns raised about the impact of social media on students. Some Universities have started including social media skills training in the curriculum. For educators, it is important to understand students’ attitudes towards social media itself and the inclusion of social media skills development. This article presents the results of a qualitative study of students’ positions towards social media and the impact on their professional activity, as well as the need for teaching skills in social technologies. We argue that students are not fully aware of the implications of social media use despite, or sometimes because of, their regular use. Based on 23 semi‐structured interviews with students at a UK business school, we bring to light the positions which learners take towards social technology education and argue that structured training is needed. We offer a framework for social skill development and conclude that social technology integration into pedagogy increases the employability skills of business graduates.
A trait‐based approach for predicting species responses to environmental change from sparse data: how well might terrestrial mammals track climate change?
Authors: Santini Luca , Cornulier Thomas , Bullock James M. , Palmer Stephen C. F. , White Steven M. , Hodgson Jenny A. , Bocedi Greta , Travis Justin M. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEstimating population spread rates across multiple species is vital for projecting biodiversity responses to climate change. A major challenge is to parameterise spread models for many species. We introduce an approach that addresses this challenge, coupling a trait‐based analysis with spatial population modelling to project spread rates for 15 000 virtual mammals with life histories that reflect those seen in the real world. Covariances among life‐history traits are estimated from an extensive terrestrial mammal data set using Bayesian inference. We elucidate the relative roles of different life‐history traits in driving modelled spread rates, demonstrating that any one alone will be a poor predictor. We also estimate that around 30% of mammal species have potential spread rates slower than the global mean velocity of climate change. This novel trait‐space‐demographic modelling approach has broad applicability for tackling many key ecological questions for which we have the models but are hindered by data availability.
Rapid genome‐wide evolution in Brassica rapa populations following drought revealed by sequencing of ancestral and descendant gene pools
Authors: Franks Steven J. , Kane Nolan C. , O'Hara Niamh B. , Tittes Silas , Rest Joshua S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that evolution can occur rapidly in response to selection. Recent advances in sequencing suggest the possibility of documenting genetic changes as they occur in populations, thus uncovering the genetic basis of evolution, particularly if samples are available from both before and after selection. Here, we had a unique opportunity to directly assess genetic changes in natural populations following an evolutionary response to a fluctuation in climate. We analysed genome‐wide differences between ancestors and descendants of natural populations of Brassica rapa plants from two locations that rapidly evolved changes in multiple phenotypic traits, including flowering time, following a multiyear late‐season drought in California. These ancestor‐descendant comparisons revealed evolutionary shifts in allele frequencies in many genes. Some genes showing evolutionary shifts have functions related to drought stress and flowering time, consistent with an adaptive response to selection. Loci differentiated between ancestors and descendants (FST outliers) were generally different from those showing signatures of selection based on site frequency spectrum analysis (Tajima's D), indicating that the loci that evolved in response to the recent drought and those under historical selection were generally distinct. Very few genes showed similar evolutionary responses between two geographically distinct populations, suggesting independent genetic trajectories of evolution yielding parallel phenotypic changes. The results show that selection can result in rapid genome‐wide evolutionary shifts in allele frequencies in natural populations, and highlight the usefulness of combining resurrection experiments in natural populations with genomics for studying the genetic basis of adaptive evolution.
The novel fungal‐specific gene FUG1 has a role in pathogenicity and fumonisin biosynthesis in Fusarium verticillioides
Authors: Ridenour John B. , Bluhm Burton H. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryFusarium verticillioides is a globally important pathogen of maize, capable of causing severe yield reductions and economic losses. In addition, F. verticillioides produces toxic secondary metabolites during kernel colonization that pose significant threats to human and animal health. Fusarium verticillioides and other plant‐pathogenic fungi possess a large number of genes with no known or predicted function, some of which could encode novel virulence factors or antifungal targets. In this study, we identified and characterized the novel gene FUG1 (Fungal Unknown Gene 1) in F. verticillioides through functional genetics. Deletion of FUG1 impaired maize kernel colonization and fumonisin biosynthesis. In addition, deletion of FUG1 increased sensitivity to the antimicrobial compound 2‐benzoxazolinone and to hydrogen peroxide, which indicates that FUG1 may play a role in mitigating stresses associated with host defence. Transcriptional profiling via RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) identified numerous fungal genes that were differentially expressed in the kernel environment following the deletion of FUG1, including genes involved in secondary metabolism and mycelial development. Sequence analysis of the Fug1 protein provided evidence for nuclear localization, DNA binding and a domain of unknown function associated with previously characterized transcriptional regulators. This information, combined with the observed transcriptional reprogramming in the deletion mutant, suggests that FUG1 represents a novel class of fungal transcription factors or genes otherwise involved in signal transduction.
Functional characterization of the first filamentous fungal tRNA‐isopentenyltransferase and its role in the virulence of Claviceps purpurea
Authors: Hinsch Janine , Galuszka Petr , Tudzynski Paul 
Published: April 2016

Summary

In plants, cytokinins (CKs) are synthesized de novo or by the degradation of modified tRNAs. Recently, the first fungal de novo pathway was identified within the plant pathogen Claviceps purpurea. As the deletion of the de novo pathway did not lead to a complete loss of CKs, this work focuses on the tRNA‐modifying protein tRNA‐isopentenyltransferase (CptRNA‐IPT). The contribution of this enzyme to the CK pool of Claviceps and the role of CKs in the host–pathogen interaction are emphasized.

The effects of the deletion of cptRNA‐ipt and the double deletion of cptRNA‐ipt and the key gene of de novo biosynthesis cpipt‐log on growth, CK biosynthesis and virulence were analyzed. In addition, the sites of action of CptRNA‐IPT were visualized using reporter gene fusions.

In addition to CK‐independent functions, CptRNA‐IPT was essential for the biosynthesis of cis‐zeatin (cZ) and contributed to the formation of isopentenyladenine (iP) and trans‐zeatin (tZ). Although ΔcptRNA‐ipt was reduced in virulence, the ‘CK‐free’ double deletion mutant was nearly apathogenic.

The results prove a redundancy of the CK biosynthesis pathway in C. purpurea for iP and tZ formation. Moreover, we show, for the first time, that CKs are required for the successful establishment of a host–fungus interaction.
Alopecia Areata After Vaccination: Recurrence with Rechallenge
Authors: Chu Chien‐Ho , Cheng Yu‐Pin , Chan Jung‐Yi Lisa 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is the most common form of hair loss in children. We report the case of a child who had two episodes of AA after two different vaccines with complete hair regrowth between the episodes. This case supports the concept that vaccination might be a trigger for the development of AA in genetically predisposed children.
Propranolol for Preoperative Management of a Large Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: Woody Meghan M. , Levy Moise L. , Weinfeld Adam B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInfantile hemangiomas (IHs) are common vascular tumors that typically follow a predictable pattern of rapid proliferation followed by gradual involution. Although most do not require treatment, some large or difficult IHs do, with medical and surgical options available. Prior reports indicate the success of using propranolol, a nonselective β‐blocker, to treat these lesions. This report will demonstrate the use of propranolol preoperatively to manage a large IH followed by surgical excision of the lesion in a collaborative medical and surgical approach.
Role of thoracoscopy in traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Ghionzoli Marco , Bongini Martina , Piccolo Roberto Lo , Martin Alessandra , Persano Giorgio , Deaconu Diana E , Messineo Antonio 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThoraco‐abdominal trauma can in rare cases involve diaphragmatic rupture and subsequent herniation of intra‐abdominal contents. We report a case of this complication in a 5‐year‐old boy who was injured in a car crash, and who manifested respiratory distress and hemodynamic instability after 48 h of being monitored in the pediatric intensive care unit. Multiple radiologic investigations were inconclusive and the definite diagnosis was established only on thoracoscopic exploration.
Reflections on Leadership: Jean‐Jacques Dordain of the European Space Agency
Authors: Lambright W. Henry 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn 2015, Jean‐Jacques Dordain retired as director general of the European Space Agency (ESA). This is Europe's NASA and includes a host of sovereign nations that differ in language, culture, economics, and politics. As ESA’s director general, Dordain pulled together a disparate and often quarreling group of countries and got them moving in the same direction. Billions of dollars were involved in a sequence of large‐scale, complex spaceflights. Successes far surpassed failures. Dordain stated that if there is one area of administration about which ESA could teach the world, it is “that of international cooperation. Very simple—it's because ESA is an institutional cooperation venture.” In this Administrative Profile, Dordain comments on the issues he faced in guiding European cooperation as well as relations with the United States and other countries.
Income Inequality and Urban Vulnerability to Flood Hazard in Brazil*
Authors: Rasch Rebecca 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveIncome inequality scholars suggest that extreme income inequality leads to spatial segregation, political power concentrated in the high‐income (elite) class, and thus, uneven public resource access. This work argues that income inequality may also predict higher levels of vulnerability of urban municipalities to climate‐related hazards.MethodUsing factor analysis and multilevel regression models, this research tests whether income inequality is a predictor of vulnerability to flood hazards.ResultsThe analysis shows that income inequality significantly predicts higher levels of a key component of vulnerability in urban Brazilian municipalities.ConclusionBy providing empirical evidence for the theorized linkages between income inequality, spatial segregation, and uneven public resource access, this work bolsters the claims of income inequality scholars who suggest high levels of income inequality have negative social consequences. Additionally, this work is relevant to climate change vulnerability scholars as it underscores the importance of considering income inequality as part of urban climate change vulnerability assessments.
Use of a modified hair strand test to assess the antifungal activity kinetics of dog hair after a 2% climbazole shampoo application
Authors: Petit Jean Yanique , Cavana Paola , Thoumire Sandra , Guillot Jacques , Perrot Sébastien 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThe “hair strand test” was first developed as a model to evaluate the antifungal activity of antidandruff shampoos.ObjectiveTo assess the residual activity of an antifungal shampoo on the hair shafts of dogs after a single application, followed by bathing with a physiological shampoo one month later.AnimalsSix beagles (two males and four females) from a research colony.MethodsDogs were bathed with a 2% climbazole shampoo. Hairs were collected before application of the shampoo and at scheduled intervals for 30 days after treatment. A physiological shampoo was then applied to all dogs and hairs were collected following the same schedule. The inhibition zone around the hair shafts was measured after incubation on Sabouraud's dextrose agar plates streaked with three Malassezia pachydermatis strains.ResultsInhibition zones around hairs collected from dogs bathed with 2% climbazole shampoo were significantly larger than those around hairs collected before shampooing at all time points (P = 0.003). An increase in the width of the inhibition zones around climbazole treated hairs was observed following physiological shampoo on Day 30 (P = 0.005). No significant differences were observed between Malassezia pachydermatis isolates (P = 0.571). No inhibition zones were seen around the hairs of dogs bathed with physiological shampoo only.ConclusionsThe modified hair strand test is useful for the assessment of residual antifungal activity on animal hairs. Use of a physiological shampoo following antifungal shampoo therapy may increase the efficacy of the antifungal product for the control of Malassezia overgrowth.