bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Extent of Rent Sharing along the Wage Distribution
Authors: Matano Alessia , Naticchioni Paolo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe relation between rent sharing and wages has generally been evaluated on average wages. This article uses a unique employer–employee panel database to investigate the extent of rent sharing along the wage distribution in Italy. We apply quantile regression techniques and control for national level bargaining, unobserved worker and firm heterogeneity and endogeneity. Our findings show that the extent of rent sharing decreases along the wage distribution, suggesting that unskilled workers benefit most from firms’ rents. By applying quantile regressions by occupational categories, we show that the decreasing pattern is mainly driven by blue collar workers, while estimates for white collars are higher and basically constant along the wage distribution. We also provide evidence that unions might represent one of the drivers of our findings.
Oxytocin and opioid addiction revisited: old drug, new applications
Authors: Zanos Panos , Georgiou Polymnia , Weber Carol , Robinson Fiona , Kouimtsidis Christos , Niforooshan Ramin , Bailey Alexis 
Published: April 2017

Opioid addiction has devastating health and socio‐economic consequences, and current pharmacotherapy is limited and often accompanied by side effects, thus novel treatment is warranted. Traditionally, the neurohypophyseal peptide oxytocin (OT) is known for its effects on mediating reward, social affiliation and bonding, stress and learning and memory. There is now strong evidence that OT is a possible candidate for the treatment of drug addiction and depression‐addiction co‐morbidities. This review summarizes and critically discusses the preclinical evidence surrounding the consequences of pharmacological manipulation of the oxytocinergic system on opioid addiction‐related processes, as well as the effects of opioids on the OT system at different stages of the addiction cycle. The mechanisms underlying the effects of OT on opioid addiction, including OT' interaction with the monoaminergic, glutamatergic, opioidergic systems and its effect on the amygdala, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and on memory consolidation of traumatic memories, are also reviewed. We also review clinical evidence on the effects of intranasal OT administration on opioid‐dependent individuals and discuss the therapeutic potential along with the limitations that accompany OT‐based pharmacotherapies. Review of these studies clearly indicates that the OT system is profoundly affected by opioid use and abstinence and points towards the OT system as an important target for developing pharmacotherapies for the treatment of opioid addiction and co‐existing affective disorders, thereby preventing relapse. Therefore, there is a clear need for clinical studies assessing the efficacy of OT‐based pharmacotherapies in opioid addiction.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc
Reliability of Eustachian tube function measurements in a hypobaric and hyperbaric pressure chamber
Authors: Meyer M.F. , Jansen S. , Mordkovich O. , Hüttenbrink K.‐B. , Beutner D. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesMeasurement of the Eustachian tube (ET) function is a challenge. The demand for a precise and meaningful diagnostic tool increases—especially because more and more operative therapies are being offered without objective evidence. The measurement of the ET function by continuous impedance recording in a pressure chamber is an established method, although the reliability of the measurements is still unclear.MethodsTwenty‐five participants (50 ears) were exposed to phases of compression and decompression in a hypo‐ and hyperbaric pressure chamber. The ET function reflecting parameters—ET opening pressure (ETOP), ET opening duration (ETOD) and ET opening frequency (ETOF)—were determined under exactly the same preconditions three times in a row. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland and Altman plot were used to assess test‐retest reliability.ResultsICCs revealed a high correlation for ETOP and ETOF in phases of decompression (passive equalisation) as well as ETOD and ETOP in phases of compression (active induced equalisation). Very high correlation could be shown for ETOD in decompression and ETOF in compression phases. The Bland and Altman graphs could show that measurements provide results within a 95 % confidence interval in compression and decompression phases.ConclusionsWe conclude that measurements in a pressure chamber are a very valuable tool in terms of estimating the ET opening and closing function. Measurements show some variance comparing participants, but provide reliable results within a 95 % confidence interval in retest. This study is the basis for enabling efficacy measurements of ET treatment modalities.
When Paradigms Meet: Interacting Perspectives on Evaluation in the Non‐Profit Sector
Authors: Neesham Cristina , McCormick Leanne , Greenwood Michelle 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study examines a public debate in Australia, arising from a national government report, around how social contribution in the nonprofit sector should be assessed. Guided by several meta‐perspectives on evaluation, we identify connections between foundational assumptions and normative positions on evaluation espoused by non‐profit organizations (NPOs), and examine the ways in which the inter‐paradigmatic context of the non‐profit sector contributes to the emergence of NPOs’ different normative positions on evaluation. We conclude that particular paradigmatic orientations of NPOs (positivism, interpretivism, constructivism) lead to particular perspectives on how NPOs should engage with alternative paradigms (monism, impartial pluralism, radical pluralism).
Climate and geochemistry as drivers of eucalypt diversification in Australia
Authors: Bui E. N. , Thornhill A. H. , González‐Orozco C. E. , Knerr N. , Miller J. T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEucalypts cover most of Australia. Here, we investigate the relative contribution of climate and geochemistry to the distribution and diversity of eucalypts. Using geostatistics, we estimate major element concentrations, pH, and electrical conductivity at sites where eucalypts have been recorded. We compare the median predicted geochemistry and reported substrate for individual species that appear associated with extreme conditions; this provides a partial evaluation of the predictions. We generate a site‐by‐species matrix by aggregating observations to the centroids of 100‐km‐wide grid cells, calculate diversity indices, and use numerical ecology methods (ordination, variation partitioning) to investigate the ecology of eucalypts and their response to climatic and geochemical gradients. We find that β‐diversity coincides with variations in climatic and geochemical patterns. Climate and geochemistry together account for less than half of the variation in eucalypt species assemblages across Australia but for greater than 80% in areas of high species richness. Climate is more important than geochemistry in explaining eucalypts species distribution and change in assemblages across Australia as a whole but there are correlations between the two sets of environmental variables. Many individual eucalypt species and entire taxonomic sections (Aromatica, Longistylus of subgenus Eucalyptus, Dumaria, and Liberivalvae of subgenus Symphyomyrtus) have distributions affected strongly by geochemistry. We conclude that eucalypt diversity is driven by steep geochemical gradients that have arisen as climate patterns have fluctuated over Australia over the Cenozoic, generally aridifying since the Miocene. The diversification of eucalypts across Australia is thus an excellent example of co‐evolution of landscapes and biota in space and time and challenges accepted notions of macroecology.
Ferric pyrophosphate citrate as an iron replacement agent for patients receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Fishbane Steven , Shah Hitesh H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTreatment of anemia remains an integral component in the care of patients with end stage kidney disease receiving dialysis. Currently, both erythropoiesis stimulating agents and iron replacement agents remain important anemia management strategies for patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Ferric pyrophosphate citrate (FPC) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in January 2015 as an iron replacement product in adult patients receiving long‐term maintenance HD. FPC is administered to patients on HD through the dialysate. Multicenter randomized, placebo‐controlled phase three clinical studies (CRUISE 1 and 2) have found dialysate FPC to maintain hemoglobin level and iron balance in patients receiving chronic HD. Adverse events were similar in both the dialysate FPC‐treated and placebo groups. Another study showed a significant reduction in the prescribed erythropoietin‐stimulating agents dose at the end of treatment in the dialysate FPC‐treated group compared with placebo. These studies have shown that dialysate FPC is efficacious and well tolerated. In this article, we review clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of FPC and also propose a protocol for iron replacement in HD units where dialysate FPC is to be used.
The histology of grain caryopses for nutrient location: a comparative study of six cereals
Authors: Panato Anna , Antonini Elena , Bortolotti Federica , Ninfali Paolino 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn this study, we compare the histological localisation of phenols and β‐glucan in six cereal cross sections. The concentrations of β‐glucan and total phenols in whole grain flour (WGF) were also investigated to provide their nutrient content in grams. Cross sections of durum, soft, einkorn and emmer wheat, oats and barley were stained with Azan Trichrome (ATH) and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) to characterise the morphology and cytohistology of the living cells in the aleurone, subaleurone and germ, as well as the a‐nucleated cells in the starchy endosperm. Phenol localisation in the outer layers was performed by fluorescence microscopy due to the presence of ferulic acid. β‐Glucan, examined with Calcofluor White staining, was found to be located primarily in the subaleurone layer and starchy endosperm of oats and barley. Our findings shed light on why WGF nutritional value is markedly reduced when the bran is removed through milling.
Influence of freezing, lyophilisation and air‐drying on the total monomeric anthocyanins, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity of selected berries
Authors: Sadowska Katarzyna , Andrzejewska Jadwiga , Klóska Łukasz 
Published: April 2017

SummaryFresh berries are a rich source of antioxidants. The choice of a method for preserving these fruits determines, among other things, keeping their antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to estimate the contents of monomeric anthocyanins and vitamin C and to assess the antioxidant capacity of the fruit of black chokeberry, black elder, common bilberry, thornless blackberry and raspberry depending on the method of preservation in the process of freezing, lyophilisation and air‐drying. In fruits frozen at −18 °C as compared with the fresh fruits, losses of anthocyanins and vitamin C of 10% and 14%, respectively, were found. During lyophilisation and air‐drying, losses of anthocyanins as compared with fresh fruits accounted for 82% and 94%, respectively, of vitamin C 84% and 89%. Regardless of the preservation method, chokeberry was characterised by the richest resource of anthocyanins and the highest antioxidant capacity, followed by black elder.
Parental beliefs about portion size, not children's own beliefs, predict child BMI
Authors: Potter C. , Ferriday D. , Griggs R. L. , Hamilton‐Shield J. P. , Rogers P. J. , Brunstrom J. M. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundIncreases in portion size are thought by many to promote obesity in children. However, this relationship remains unclear. Here, we explore the extent to which a child's BMI is predicted both by parental beliefs about their child's ideal and maximum portion size and/or by the child's own beliefs.MethodsParent–child (5–11 years) dyads (N = 217) were recruited from a randomized controlled trial (n = 69) and an interactive science centre (n = 148). For a range of main meals, parents estimated their child's ‘ideal’ and ‘maximum tolerated’ portions. Children completed the same tasks.ResultsAn association was found between parents' beliefs about their child's ideal (β = .34, p < .001) and maximum tolerated (β = .30, p < .001) portions, and their child's BMI. By contrast, children's self‐reported ideal (β = .02, p = .718) and maximum tolerated (β = −.09, p = .214) portions did not predict their BMI. With increasing child BMI, parents' estimations aligned more closely with their child's own selected portions.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that when a parent selects a smaller portion for their child than their child self‐selects, then the child is less likely to be obese. Therefore, public health measures to prevent obesity might include instructions to parents on appropriate portions for young children.
The determinants of transnational entrepreneurship and transnational ties’ dynamics among immigrant entrepreneurs in ICT sector in Italy
Authors: Brzozowski Jan , Cucculelli Marco , Surdej Aleksander 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article contributes to the rapidly growing literature on transnational immigrant entrepreneurship by analyzing the determinants of transnational entrepreneurial engagement among immigrants in the ICT sector in Italy. We investigate which factors influence the rise or decline of transnational entrepreneurial involvement with a home country. Our results indicate that longer residence in Italy is associated with smaller propensity to become a transnational entrepreneur. Moreover, we find that the type of transnational ties and the network size have a substantial impact on the dynamics of transnational entrepreneurial engagement.
Meeting the needs? Perceived support of a nurse‐led lifestyle programme for young adults with mental illness in a primary health‐care setting
Authors: Rönngren Ylva , Björk Annette , Kristiansen Lisbeth , Haage David , Enmarker Ingela , Audulv Åsa 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBeing a young adult with mental illness challenges all aspects of health, including an increased risk for developing lifestyle‐related diseases. There is a lack of lifestyle programmes in primary health care that target physical, mental, and social needs for young adults with mental illness. The aim of the present study was to describe the experiences of young adults with mental illness receiving support from a nurse‐led lifestyle programme, and how this support was related to their life context, including challenges and coping strategies. Two focus groups and six individual interviews were performed with 13 young adults (16–25 years), and analysed using a qualitative content analysis. The findings showed that the young adults experienced challenges in their daily lives, including psychiatric symptoms, lack of social understanding, and loneliness. The study indicated that the programme could support lifestyle habits with its components of supportive interpersonal relationships, awareness of coping strategies, understanding of health and illness, and cognitive support (e.g. schedules and reminders). However, the programme could not meet everyone's needs for new social relationships or more comprehensive support. Even so, this nurse‐led programme provides health information‐management strategies that could easily be integrated in a primary health‐care setting.
Treatment recidivism in adolescents with mental illness: A focused applied medical ethnography
Authors: Ekwemalor Chukwudi C. , Rozmus Cathy L. , Engebretson Joan C. , Marcus Marianne T. , Casarez Rebecca L. , Harper Andrew R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractProblemTreatment recidivism, described as frequent unplanned relapse readmissions, is a national problem predominant in adolescents with mental illness. Because the main triggers of treatment recidivism are not fully understood, the purpose of this study was to explore treatment recidivism (i) to better understand treatment recidivism from the perspectives of recidivist adolescents with mental illness, (ii) to describe major factors that contribute to treatment recidivism and how best to minimize them from the perspectives of these adolescents, and (iii) to describe their interaction with the medical culture.MethodsA focused applied medical ethnography was used to study 16 purposively selected adolescents. Interviews were conducted together with unobtrusive unit observation of the participants and collection of demographic and clinical information.FindingsThe participants were nearly unanimous in identifying the “additional stressors” of problematic parental relations and school bullying as the main triggers of treatment recidivism over and above their “routine stressors” of adolescence and mental illness. They had mixed perceptions of treatment recidivism and described their interaction with the medical culture as positive.ConclusionFurther research is needed to determine the impact of parental relations and school bullying on recidivism in adolescents with mental illness.
A comparative assessment of adipose‐derived stem cells from subcutaneous and visceral fat as a potential cell source for knee osteoarthritis treatment
Authors: Tang Yan , Pan Zhang‐yi , Zou Ying , He Yi , Yang Peng‐yuan , Tang Qi‐qun , Yin Feng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe intra‐articular injection of adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) is a novel potential therapy for patients with osteoarthritis (OA). However, the efficacy of ASCs from different regions of the body remains unknown. This study investigated whether ASCs from subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissue provide the same improvement of OA. Mouse and human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were excised for ASC isolation. Morphology, proliferation, surface markers and adipocyte differentiation of subcutaneous ASCs (S‐ASCs) and visceral ASCs (V‐ASCs) were analysed. A surgically induced rat model of OA was established, and 4 weeks after the operation, S‐ASCs, V‐ASCs or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS, control) were injected into the articular cavity. Histology, immunohistochemistry and gene expression analyses were performed 6 weeks after ASC injection. The ability of ASCs to differentiate into chondrocytes was assessed by in vitro chondrogenesis, and the immunosuppressive activity of ASCs was evaluated by co‐culturing with macrophages. The proliferation of V‐ASCs was significantly greater than that of S‐ASCs, but S‐ASCs had the greater adipogenic capacity than V‐ASCs. In addition, the infracted cartilage treated with S‐ASCs showed significantly greater improvement than cartilage treated with PBS or V‐ASCs. Moreover, S‐ASCs showed better chondrogenic potential and immunosuppression in vitro. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is an effective cell source for cell therapy of OA as it promotes stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes and inhibits immunological reactions.
The evolution of strategic male mating effort in an information transfer framework
Authors: Engqvist L. , Taborsky M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSperm competition theory predicts that males should use cues indicating the risk and intensity of sperm competition to tailor their sperm investment accordingly. Rival males are an important source of social information regarding sperm competition risk. However, revealing such information may not be in the rival males' interest. Here, we use a theoretical approach based on informed and uninformed games to investigate when information transfer about sperm competition risk to competitors is beneficial for a male, and when it is not. The results show that signalling to potential future mates that a female has already mated is beneficial when the signalling male has a sperm competition disadvantage, whereas it is unfavourable when the signaller has an advantage. The reason for this counterintuitive result is that the rival males' optimal response is to reduce sperm investment when the signaller has a disadvantage and, conversely, to increase investment when the signaller has an advantage. Furthermore, we analysed scenarios where males use alternative reproductive tactics. In this situation, signalling the awareness of sperm competition risk rarely pays; instead, it is beneficial to maintain an information advantage. Thus, it may be beneficial for bourgeois males to accept cuckoldry instead of revealing their sperm competition awareness to reproductive parasites. These results provide new insight into the evolution of communication between rivals in the context of sperm competition.
Potential Value of Impaired Cognition in Stroke Prediction: A U.K. Population‐Based Study
Authors: Stephan Blossom C. M. , Richardson Kathryn , Savva George M. , Matthews Fiona E. , Brayne Carol , Hachinski Vladimir 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo determine whether the association between impaired cognition and greater risk of incident stroke is also observed when cognitive impairment is defined using different criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI).DesignProspective cohort study with 10 years of follow‐up.SettingLarge multicentre study in the United Kingdom.ParticipantsIndividuals (aged 64–105) from the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (N = 13,004). From this, a subsample of 2,640 individuals was selected based on age, center, and cognitive ability to undergo a detailed cognitive assessment.MeasurementsInformation on sociodemographic characteristics, health, cognition, and functional ability was collected in an interview. The Geriatric Mental State Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy and the Cambridge Cognitive Examination were used to determine cognitive status. Stroke incidence was derived from self‐report, informant report, and death certificates. Participants were divided into no, mild, moderate, and severe cognitive impairment according to their baseline Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. MCI criteria were used to classify persons into four groups: no cognitive impairment, MCI, severe impairment (i.e. other cognitive impairment no dementia: OCIND) and dementia.ResultsOver 10 years, 703 incident strokes occurred. Lower MMSE score at baseline was associated with greater risk of incident stroke. When cognitive status was determined according to MCI criteria, those with severe impairment (odds ratio (OR) = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0–2.2) and dementia (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.6–3.4) had a significantly greater risk of stroke than those with no cognitive impairment.ConclusionCriteria for MCI, defined using MMSE scores or clinical criteria, can capture individuals at greater stroke risk. The results highlight the need to focus on stroke risk in individuals even with MCI.
CHILDREN AND THEIR PARENTS: A REVIEW OF FERTILITY AND CAUSALITY
Authors: Clarke Damian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractChildbearing decisions are not made in isolation. They are taken in concert with decisions regarding work, marriage, health investments and stocks, as well as many other observable and non‐observable considerations. Drawing causal inferences regarding the effect of additional children on family outcomes is complicated by these endogenous factors. This paper lays out the issues involved in estimating the effect of additional child births on family outcomes, and the assumptions underlying the range of estimators and methodologies proposed in the economic literature. The common pitfalls of these estimators are discussed, as well as their potential to bias our interpretation of the effect additional births have on children and parents, both in the existing literature and in future work in the face of changing patterns of childbearing and child‐rearing.