bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
R2C2 in Action: Testing an Evidence-Based Model to Facilitate Feedback and Coaching in Residency
Authors: Sargeant Joan , Mann Karen , Manos Sarah , Epstein Ian , Warren Andrew , Shearer Cindy , Boudreau Michelle 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
Feedback is increasingly seen as a collaborative conversation between supervisors and learners, where learners are actively and reflectively engaged with feedback and use it to improve. Based on this, and through earlier research, we developed an evidence- and theory-informed, 4-phase model for facilitating feedback and practice improvement—the R2C2 model (relationship, reaction, content, coaching).

Objective
Our goal was to explore the utility and acceptability of the R2C2 model in residency education, specifically for engaging residents in their feedback and in using it to improve, as well as the factors influencing its use.

Methods
This qualitative study used the principles of design research. We recruited residents and their supervisors in 2 programs, internal medicine and pediatrics. We prepared supervisors to use the R2C2 model during their regular midrotation and/or end-of-rotation feedback sessions with participating residents to discuss their progress and assessment reports. We conducted debriefing interviews with supervisors and residents after each session. We analyzed transcripts as a team using template and content analysis.

Results
Of 61 residents, 7 residents (11%) participated with their supervisors (n = 5). Schedules and sensitivity to feedback prevented broader enrollment. Supervisors found the structured R2C2 format useful. Residents and supervisors reported that the coaching phase was novel and helpful, and that the R2C2 model engaged both groups in collaborative, reflective, goal-oriented feedback discussions.

Conclusions
Participants found that using the R2C2 model enabled meaningful feedback conversations, identification of goals for improvement, and development of strategies to meet those goals.
Constraining the ship contribution to the aerosol of the central Mediterranean
Authors: Becagli Silvia , Anello Fabrizio , Bommarito Carlo , Cassola Federico , Calzolai Giulia , Di Iorio Tatiana , di Sarra Alcide , Gómez-Amo José-Luis , Lucarelli Franco , Marconi Miriam , Meloni Daniela , Monteleone Francesco , Nava Silvia , Pace Giandomenico , Severi Mirko , Sferlazzo Damiano Massimiliano , Traversi Rita , Udisti Roberto 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters lower than 10 µm, (PM10) aerosol samples were collected during summer 2013 within the framework of the Chemistry and Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx) at two sites located north (Capo Granitola) and south (Lampedusa Island), respectively, of the main Mediterranean shipping route in the Straight of Sicily. The PM10 samples were collected with 12 h time resolutions at both sites. Selected metals, main anions, cations and elemental and organic carbon were determined. The evolution of soluble V and Ni concentrations (typical markers of heavy fuel oil combustion) was related to meteorology and ship traffic intensity in the Straight of Sicily, using a high-resolution regional model for calculation of back trajectories. Elevated concentration of V and Ni at Capo Granitola and Lampedusa are found to correspond with air masses from the Straight of Sicily and coincidences between trajectories and positions of large ships; the vertical structure of the planetary boundary layer also appears to play a role, with high V values associated with strong inversions and a stable boundary layer. The V concentration was generally lower at Lampedusa than at Capo Granitola V, where it reached a peak value of 40 ng m−3. Concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs), La and Ce in particular, were used to identify possible contributions from refineries, whose emissions are also characterized by elevated V and Ni amounts; refinery emissions are expected to display high La ∕ Ce and La ∕ V ratios due to the use of La in the fluid catalytic converter systems. In general, low La ∕ Ce and La ∕ V ratios were observed in the PM samples. The combination of the analyses based on chemical markers, air mass trajectories and ship routes allows us to unambiguously identify the large role of the ship source in the Straight of Sicily. Based on the sampled aerosols, ratios of the main aerosol species arising from ship emission with respect to V were estimated with the aim of deriving a lower limit for the total ship contribution to PM10. The estimated minimum ship emission contributions to PM10 were 2.0 µg m−3 at Lampedusa and 3.0 µg m−3 at Capo Granitola, corresponding with 11 and 8.6 % of PM10, respectively.
A reconstruction of 1 August 1674 thunderstorms over the Low Countries
Authors: van der Schrier Gerard , Groenland Rob 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. On 1 August 1674 an active cold front moved over the Low Countries. The accompanying thunderstorms along the squall line were abnormally active, leading to large-scale damage in Europe, from northern France to the northern parts of Holland where damages were particularly severe. Using reported and pictured observations of damages and modern meteorological concepts, the reconstruction of the storm points to an exceptionally severe squall line. The orientation and the velocity of the squall line are reconstructed and shows a developed bow-echo structure. An estimate of the strength of the strongest wind gusts is ≈ 55–90 m s−1 and is based on an assessment of the damages caused by this event. A rough estimate of the return time of this event, based on observed hail size, is between 1000 and 10 000 years. This storm is compared to a more recent storm which was similar in dynamics but much less devastating. Special attention is given to the city of Utrecht which was hit hardest, and where the impact of this storm is still recognizable in the cityscape.
For Whose Eyes Only?: China's Journalistic Internal Reference and Its Legal and Political Implications
Authors: Tang Yong 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Journalistic internal reference is a highly secretive system that allows reporters in China to submit investigative journalism exclusively to party and government leaders. The article explores how the system was established and how it operates in today's communication, legal, and political environments. In particular, the article investigates the method's legal and political implications, with a special focus on examining the conflicts the concept and practice of journalistic internal reports may have with China's first freedom of information law, and the unfairness secretive journalism may bring to enforcement of libel law. Furthermore, the article identifies news media internal reports' failure to hold party and government accountable and its inappropriate role as think tank for senior party and government leaders. Despite recent party and government efforts to revitalize the system, the article proposes an eventual elimination of the century-long practice of sealing newsworthy information. The article argues that phasing out journalistic internal reference would create a better international image for the Chinese state, ensure more transparent and accountable governance, facilitate freer flow of information, guarantee better exercise of people's right to know, and help to establish more credible media institutions.
Estimation of the Depth of Major Subsurface Discontinuities Beneath the Mount Cameroon Region, Central Africa, Based on New and Existing Gravity Data Analysis
Authors: Victor KENFACK Jean , Joseph Kamguia , Armand Kagou Dongmo , Lucas Kengni , Bertrand Mbog Michel , Bernard Tassongwa , Charles Tabod Tabod 
Published: February 2017

The Mount Cameroon region is investigated using 2-D spectral analysis of the gravity data, in order to determine the depth of subsurface interfaces beneath the region. New gravity data are combined to existing ones to determine the depth of the major subsurface discontinuities throughout the region. Depths are established from the slope of the log-power radial spectrum et the lower end of the wave number band. Three major subsurface density discontinuities are determined beneath the Mount Cameroon: (1) 0.41 ± 0.02 km, (2) 1.26 ± 0.06 km, (3) 4.73 ± 0.24 km. This result has the best precision comparing with the those from the former Bouguer anomaly where the major subsurface discontinuities obtained are: (1) 0.48 ± 0.02 km for the first layer, 1.81 ± 0.09 km for the second and 6.87 ± 0.34 km for the third. This difference is probabely due to the densification of gravity data. The knowledge on the depth of different interfaces in the crust is very important in the reconstitution of the earth history. These results will the support of prospective investigations throughout this region.
Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir (HARVONI Tablet): Comparative Study with Two Generic Products
Authors: Abo-Talib Nisreen F , El-Ghobashy Mohamed R , Tammam Marwa H 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir are the first drugs in a combination pill to treat chronic hepatitis C virus. Simple, sensitive, and rapid spectrophotometric methods are presented for the determination of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir in their combined dosage form. These methods were based on direct measurement of ledipasvir at 333 nm (due to the lack of interference of sofosbuvir) over a concentration range of 4.0–14.0 µg/mL, with a mean recovery of 100.78 ± 0.64%. Sofosbuvir was determined, without prior separation, by third-derivative values at 281 nm; derivative ratio values at 265.8 nm utilizing 5.0 µg/mL ledipasvir as a divisor; the ratio difference method using values at 270 and 250 nm using 5.0 µg/mL ledipasvir as a divisor; and the ratio subtraction method using values at 261 nm. These methods were found to be linear for sofosbuvir over a concentration range of 5.0–35.0 µg/mL. The suggested methods were validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Statistical analysis of the results showed no significant difference between the proposed methods and the manufacturer's LC method of determination with respect to accuracy and precision. These methods were used to compare the equivalence of an innovator drug dosage form and two generic drug dosage forms of the same strength.
O que pode uma geografia como corpo que dança? linguagem-experiencia 'gesto -movimento' (fragmentos) / What can a geography as dancing body? language-experience 'gesture-movement-affection' (fragments)
Authors: Queiroz Filho Antonio Carlos 
Published: February 2017

RESUMOFeito de fragmentos, esse texto propõe pensar sobre relações e rebatimentos possíveis existentes entre linguagem e experiência na perspectiva de alguns autores pós-estruturalistas. Busquei na reflexão sobre o corpo e a dança um meio de problematizar essa questão e, ao mesmo tempo, lidar com uma Geografia como gesto que se estabelece nos afetos que fazem movimentar em nós, intensidades, potências e devires. “O que pode uma Geografia como corpo que dança?” é, para além de uma pergunta, um convite, uma proposição: por uma Geografia bailarina. Palavras-chave: Corpo – Dança – Geografia RESUMENHecha de fragmentos, este documento propone que pensar en las relaciones y las posibles repercusiones existentes entre el lenguaje y la experiencia desde la perspectiva de algunos autores postestructuralistas. Busqué en la reflexión sobre el cuerpo y bailar una manera de hablar de este tema y, al mismo tiempo, haciendo una geografía como algo que produce en nosotros los afectos. "¿Qué puede hacer una geografía como cuerpo de baile?" Está más allá de una pregunta, una invitación, una proposición: una geografía bailarina.Palabras clave: Cuerpo - Danza - Geografía ABSTRACTMade of fragments, this paper proposes to think about relations and possible repercussions existing between language and experience from the perspective of some post-structuralist authors. I sought in reflection about body and dance a way to discuss this issue and at the same time, making a geography as something that produces in us affections. “What can a Geography as dancing body?” is beyond a question, an invitation, a proposition: a ballerina geography. Keywords: Body – Dance – Geography
L’équipement emblématique, un levier de la régénération urbaine ?
Authors: Bouallag-Azoui Ouafida , Berezowska-Azzag Ewa 
Published: February 2017

La réalisation d’équipements emblématiques (EE) pour affirmer l’identité métropolitaine de la capitale algérienne est l’une des priorités du Plan stratégique de développement d’Alger. Ces équipements sont imaginés comme des catalyseurs des mutations nécessaires à la régénération des localités pour s’adapter aux nouveaux besoins du développement métropolitain. Dans la réalité, cet urbanisme de projet n’apporte pas toujours les changements escomptés ; le centre des arts d’Alger Riad El Feth en est un exemple. Comment déterminer alors les facteurs de succès ou d’échec d’une telle édification dans le contexte local, en conjuguant les objectifs de métropolisation avec ceux de développement local ? Dans cet article, nous proposons la démarche de construction d’un outil qui permet de vérifier et d’évaluer l’effet de levier des EE sur les stratégies de régénération urbaine (RU) dans la perspective d’optimiser leurs effets positifs après leur réalisation ou, le cas échéant, de remédier aux insuffisances avant la prise de décision de localisation.
Variations in pockmark composition at the Vestnesa Ridge: Insights from marine controlled source electromagnetic and seismic data
Authors: Goswami Bedanta K. , Weitemeyer Karen A. , Bünz Stefan , Minshull Timothy A. , Westbrook Graham K. , Ker Stephan , Sinha Martin C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Vestnesa Ridge marks the northern boundary of a known submarine gas hydrate province in the west Svalbard margin. Several seafloor pockmarks at the eastern segment of the ridge are sites of active methane venting. Until recently, seismic reflection data were the main tool for imaging beneath the ridge. Coincident controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM), high‐resolution two‐dimensional (2‐D) airgun, sweep frequency SYSIF, and three‐dimensional (3‐D) p‐cable seismic reflection data were acquired at the south‐eastern part of the ridge between 2011 and 2013. The CSEM and seismic data contain profiles across and along the ridge, passing several active and inactive pockmarks. Joint interpretation of resistivity models obtained from CSEM and seismic reflection data provides new information regarding the fluid composition beneath the pockmarks. There is considerable variation in transverse resistance and seismic reflection characteristics of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) between the ridge flanks and chimneys beneath pockmarks. Layered seismic reflectors on the flanks are associated with around 300 Ωm2 transverse resistance, whereas the seismic reflectors within the chimneys exhibit amplitude blanking and chaotic patterns. The transverse resistance of the GHSZ within the chimneys vary between 400 and 1200 Ωm2. Variance attributes obtained from the 3‐D p‐cable data also highlight faults and chimneys, which coincide with the resistivity anomalies. Based on the joint data interpretation, widespread gas hydrate presence is likely at the ridge, with both hydrates and free gas contained within the faults and chimneys. However, at the active chimneys the effect of gas likely dominates the resistive anomalies.
Ventilation history of Nordic Seas overflows during the last (de)glacial period revealed by species‐specific benthic foraminiferal 14C dates
Authors: Ezat Mohamed M. , Rasmussen Tine L. , Thornalley David J. R. , Olsen Jesper , Skinner Luke C. , Hönisch Bärbel , Groeneveld Jeroen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFormation of deep water in the high‐latitude North Atlantic is important for the global meridional ocean circulation, and its variability in the past may have played an important role in regional and global climate change. Here we study ocean circulation associated with the last (de)glacial period, using water‐column radiocarbon age reconstructions in the Faroe‐Shetland Channel, southeastern Norwegian Sea, and from the Iceland Basin, central North Atlantic. The presence of tephra layer Faroe Marine Ash Zone II, dated to ~26.7 ka, enables us to determine that the middepth (1179 m water depth) and shallow subsurface reservoir ages were ~1500 and 1100 14C years, respectively, older during the late glacial period compared to modern, suggesting substantial suppression of the overturning circulation in the Nordic Seas. During the late Last Glacial Maximum and the onset of deglaciation (~20–18 ka), Nordic Seas overflow was weak but active. During the early deglaciation (~17.5–14.5 ka), our data reveal large differences between 14C ventilation ages that are derived from dating different benthic foraminiferal species: Pyrgo and other miliolid species yield ventilation ages >6000 14C years, while all other species reveal ventilation ages <2000 14C years. These data either suggest subcentennial, regional, circulation changes or that miliolid‐based 14C ages are biased due to taphonomic or vital processes. Implications of each interpretation are discussed. Regardless of this “enigma,” the onset of the Bølling‐Allerød interstadial (14.5 ka) is clearly marked by an increase in middepth Nordic Seas ventilation and the renewal of a stronger overflow.
A new two‐microphone Gauss‐Seidel pseudo affine projection algorithm for speech quality enhancement
Authors: Djendi Mohamed 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis study addresses the problem of speech quality enhancement by adaptive and nonadaptive filtering algorithms. The well‐known two‐microphone forward blind source separation (TM‐FBSS) structure has been largely studied in the literature. Several two‐microphone algorithms combined with TM‐FBSS have been recently proposed. In this study, we propose 2 contributions: In the first, a new two‐microphone Gauss‐Seidel pseudo affine projection (TM‐GSPAP) algorithm is combined with TM‐FBSS. In the second, we propose to use the new TM‐GSPAP algorithm in speech enhancement. Furthermore, we show the efficiency of the proposed TM‐GSPAP algorithm in speech enhancement when highly noisy observations are available. To validate the good performances of our algorithm, we have evaluated the adaptive filtering properties in computational complexity and convergence speed performance by system mismatch criteria. A fair comparison with adaptive and nonadaptive noise reduction algorithms are also presented. The adaptive algorithms are the well‐known two‐microphone normalized least mean square algorithm, and the recently published two‐microphone pseudo affine projection algorithm. The nonadaptive algorithms are the one‐microphone spectral subtraction and the two‐microphone Wiener filter algorithm. We evalute the quality of the output speech signal in each algorithm by several objective and subjective criteria as the segmental signal‐to‐noise ratio, cepstral distance, perceptual evaluation of speech quality, and the mean opinion score. Finally, we validate the superior performances of the proposed algorithm with physically measured signals.
Synthese, motorische Verbrennung, Emissionen: Chemische Aspekte des Kraftstoffdesigns
Authors: Leitner Walter , Klankermayer Jürgen , Pischinger Stefan , Pitsch Heinz , Kohse‐Höinghaus Katharina 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNachhaltig produzierte Biokraftstoffe, die auf Basis von Lignozellulose zugänglich sind, werden in Energieszenarien für Mobilität und Transport der Zukunft intensiv diskutiert. Traditionell konzentrieren sich die Forschungsaktivitäten in den Naturwissenschaften dabei auf den Syntheseprozess, während die anschließende Bewertung der Verbrennungseigenschaften anderen Forschungsgebieten überlassen wird. Dieser Aufsatz verfolgt mit der gemeinsamen Betrachtung der motorischen Verbrennung und der Kraftstoffsynthese einen integrativen Ansatz, bei dem die chemischen Aspekte im Vordergrund stehen. Dabei wird deutlich, dass das fundamentale Verständnis des Verbrennungsvorgangs maßgeblich dazu beitragen kann, Designkriterien für die Molekülstruktur möglicher Kraftstoffkandidaten abzuleiten, um so Ziele für die Analyse von Synthesewegen und die Entwicklung katalytischer Produktionswege zu definieren. Dieser integrative Ansatz des “Kraftstoffdesigns” umfasst die gesamte Kette der Energiekonversion ausgehend vom Rohstoff über Herstellungsprozess, Kraftstoff und Motor bis hin zur Schadstoffemission. Dies ermöglicht eine systematische Optimierung des Gesamtsystems mit dem Ziel, die Kohlenstoffbilanz zu verbessern, die Effizienz zu erhöhen und die Emissionen zu verringern.
Light‐Driven Enantioselective Organocatalytic β‐Benzylation of Enals
Authors: Dell'Amico Luca , Fernández‐Alvarez Victor M. , Maseras Feliu , Melchiorre Paolo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA photochemical organocatalytic strategy for the direct enantioselective β‐benzylation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes is reported. The chemistry capitalizes upon the light‐triggered enolization of 2‐alkyl‐benzophenones to afford hydroxy‐o‐quinodinomethanes. These fleeting intermediates are stereoselectively intercepted by chiral iminium ions, transiently formed upon condensation of a secondary amine catalyst with enals. Density functional theory (DFT) studies provided an explanation for why the reaction proceeds through an unconventional Michael‐type addition manifold, instead of a classical cycloaddition mechanism and subsequent ring‐opening.
Advanced Biofuels and Beyond: Chemistry Solutions for Propulsion and Production
Authors: Leitner Walter , Klankermayer Jürgen , Pischinger Stefan , Pitsch Heinz , Kohse‐Höinghaus Katharina 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSustainably produced biofuels, especially when they are derived from lignocellulosic biomass, are being discussed intensively for future ground transportation. Traditionally, research activities focus on the synthesis process, while leaving their combustion properties to be evaluated by a different community. This Review adopts an integrative view of engine combustion and fuel synthesis, focusing on chemical aspects as the common denominator. It will be demonstrated that a fundamental understanding of the combustion process can be instrumental to derive design criteria for the molecular structure of fuel candidates, which can then be targets for the analysis of synthetic pathways and the development of catalytic production routes. With such an integrative approach to fuel design, it will be possible to improve systematically the entire system, spanning biomass feedstock, conversion process, fuel, engine, and pollutants with a view to improve the carbon footprint, increase efficiency, and reduce emissions.
New Modalities for Challenging Targets in Drug Discovery
Authors: Valeur Eric , Guéret Stéphanie M. , Adihou Hélène , Gopalakrishnan Ranganath , Lemurell Malin , Waldmann Herbert , Grossmann Tom N. , Plowright Alleyn T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOur ever‐increasing understanding of biological systems is providing a range of exciting novel biological targets, whose modulation may enable novel therapeutic options for many diseases. These targets include protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid interactions, which are, however, often refractory to classical small‐molecule approaches. Other types of molecules, or modalities, are therefore required to address these targets, which has led several academic research groups and pharmaceutical companies to increasingly use the concept of so‐called “new modalities”. This Review defines for the first time the scope of this term, which includes novel peptidic scaffolds, oligonucleotides, hybrids, molecular conjugates, as well as new uses of classical small molecules. We provide the most representative examples of these modalities to target large binding surface areas such as those found in protein–protein interactions and for biological processes at the center of cell regulation.