bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Lake Enhancement to Extreme Snowfall within the Chicago–Milwaukee Urban Corridor during the 2011 Groundhog Day Blizzard
Authors: Owens Nathan D. , Rauber Robert M. , Jewett Brian F. , McFarquhar Greg M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of the Laurentian Great Lakes (GL) on atmospheric structure, stability, and precipitation within the Chicago–Milwaukee urban corridor during the passage of the 1–2 February 2011 extratropical cyclone. This storm produced the third largest snowfall [53.8 cm (21.2 in.)] recorded in a 130-yr period in the city of Chicago. Two simulations of the storm using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model are described: the first with the GL present, and the second with the lakes replaced with land having characteristics of adjacent shores.
The GL were found to alter the surface temperature and moisture fields in their lee during cyclone passage. The changes were limited to the layer below the frontal inversion, but were significant enough to reduce the mean sea level pressure in some locations by 2.0–2.5 hPa, and raise the surface temperature and dewpoint temperature by 2°–4°C across several states downwind. In the Chicago–Milwaukee metropolitan corridor where the heavy snow occurred, the surface temperature and dewpoint temperature increased from +3° to +6°C as a result of heating and moistening of the lower atmosphere by the GL. Enhanced convergence also occurred along the downwind shoreline. Despite these changes, the areal impact on precipitation was surprisingly small, with liquid equivalent precipitation increases exceeding 5 mm limited to a small area over metropolitan Chicago late in the storm. The reason for the limited impact appeared to be the shallow nature of the cold air mass below the frontal inversion. Nevertheless, over metropolitan Chicago, as much as 20% of the snowfall could be attributed to the presence of the GL.
Emotional reactivity, functioning, and C-reactive protein alterations in remitted bipolar patients: Clinical relevance of a dimensional approach
Authors: Dargél Aroldo A , Godin Ophelia , Etain Bruno , Hirakata Vânia , Azorin Jean-Michel , M’Bailara Katia , Bellivier Frank , Bougerol Thierry , Kahn Jean-Pierre , Passerieux Christine , Aubin Valerie , Courtet Philippe , Leboyer Marion , Henry Chantal ,   on behalf of the FACE-BD collaborators
Published: April 2017

Objectives: Inter-episode mood instability has increasingly been considered in bipolar disorder. This study aimed to investigate emotional reactivity as a major dimension for better characterizing remitted bipolar patients with subthreshold mood symptoms and functional status. This study also aimed to investigate whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, a marker of low-grade inflammation, could be a biological marker of emotional dysregulation in bipolar disorder (BD). Methods: Cross-sectional study of 613 subjects who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fourth Edition criteria for BD recruited from the FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise in Bipolar Disorders cohort from 2009 to 2014. All patients had been in remission for at least 3 months before assessment. Patients were classified into three groups according to levels of emotional reactivity. Emotional reactivity was assessed by using the Multidimensional Assessment of Thymic States, and functional status was assessed by the Functioning Assessment Short Test. Clinical characteristics and blood sample were collected from all patients. Results: In total, 415 (68%) patients had abnormal emotional reactivity. Independent of potential confounders, including age, gender and subthreshold mood symptoms, serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were significantly higher in patients with emotional hyper-reactivity (median = 4.0 mg/L, interquartile range = 2.7–5.6), and with emotional hypo-reactivity (median = 3.0 mg/L, interquartile range = 1–4) compared with patients with normal emotional reactivity (median = 0.95 mg/L, interquartile range = 0.4–1.9, p < 0.001). Patients with emotional hyper-reactivity showed significant cognitive functioning impairment ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: Emotional reactivity appears to be a relevant dimension for better characterizing remitted bipolar patients with subthreshold mood symptoms. Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein may be an objective marker of emotional dysregulation in BD. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Video-recorded Retail Cannabis Trades in a Low-risk Marketplace
Authors: Moeller Kim 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: This study examines the monetary value of cannabis retail trades and temporal patterns in an open-air market with low legal risks. Method: Video footage detail activities of four sellers and transcriptions were provided by the Copenhagen police. Standard bivariate tests of statistical significance are used to examine the influence of time of day and discretionary activities on trade value and temporal patterns. Results: The average trade was valued at DKK 159 (∼US$24) and DKK 121 when excluding 16 outliers. Both the rate and monetary value of trades increase as the day progresses. Twice as many trades are made hourly after sunset and significantly more in relation to national holidays and on days before days with extreme weather. Conclusion: Under the conditions of low legal risks and easy access to supply, cannabis trades are small and tend to increase in value over the course of a day. The temporal patterns in rates follow user availability of discretionary time.
The demographic characteristics of medicolegal death among welfare recipients in Tokyo Metropolis (2008–2013)
Authors: Suzuki Hideto , Tanifuji Takanobu , Abe Nobuyuki , Fukunaga Tatsushige 
Published: April 2017

Background The number of welfare recipients has steadily increased in Japan during recent years, although the number of homeless persons has decreased. Despite there being many reports regarding medicolegal death among homeless persons, medicolegal death among welfare recipients has not been fully investigated. Methods We identified 10,293 individuals who received welfare aid during their lifetime among the 81,867 cases that were examined by the Tokyo Medical Examiner’s Office (2008–2013). We retrospectively compared the proportions of medicolegal death to total population, age, sex, family status, clinical history, and manners/causes of death among non-indigent persons (controls), homeless persons, and welfare recipients. Results A higher proportion of medicolegal death to total population was observed among the welfare recipients, compared with the controls. The welfare recipients (65.5 years) were younger than the controls (68.9 years), and the proportions of male sex and living alone were higher among the welfare recipients. Hypertension and circulatory disease were the leading clinical conditions among the welfare recipients. Death due to disease was the leading manner of death, and circulatory disease was the leading cause of death among the welfare recipients. The proportion of individuals with a long period between death and discovery (which made determining the cause of death difficult) was also higher among the welfare recipients. Conclusion Welfare recipients have a greater risk of sudden death compared with non-indigent persons. Preventive strategies should target middle-aged to elderly men who live alone, and should address their risks of circulatory diseases and solitary death.
Acute forces required for fatal compression asphyxia: A biomechanical model and historical comparisons
Authors: Kroll Mark W , Still G Keith , Neuman Tom S , Graham Michael A , Griffin Lanny V 
Published: April 2017

Background Fatalities from acute compression have been reported with soft-drink vending machine tipping, motor vehicle accidents, and trench cave-ins. A major mechanism of such deaths is flail chest but the amount of force required is unclear. Between the range of a safe static chest compression force of 1000 N (102 kg with earth gravity) and a lethal dynamic force of 10–20 kN (falling 450 kg vending machines), there are limited quantitative human data on the force required to cause flail chest, which is a major correlate of acute fatal compression asphyxia. Methods We modeled flail chest as bilateral fractures of six adjacent ribs. The static and dynamic forces required to cause such a ribcage failure were estimated using a biomechanical model of the thorax. The results were then compared with published historical records of judicial “pressing,” vending machine fatalities, and automobile safety cadaver testing. Results and conclusion The modeling results suggest that an adult male requires 2550 ± 250 N of chest-applied distributed static force (260 ± 26 kg with earth gravity) or 4050 ± 320 N of dynamic force to cause flail chest from short-term chest compression.
Management of Recurrent and Metastatic HPV‐Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma after Transoral Robotic Surgery
Authors: Sims John R. , Van Abel Kathryn , Martin Eliot J. , Lohse Christine M. , Price Daniel L. , Olsen Kerry D. , Moore Eric J. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo describe management and oncologic outcomes for patients who develop locoregional recurrence (LRR) or distant metastasis (DM) following transoral robotic surgery for human papilloma virus (HPV)–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care referral center.Subjects and MethodsA total of 286 patients with HPV‐positive OPSCC who underwent transoral robotic surgery–based treatment from May 2007 to May 2015.ResultsOf 286 patients (12.2%), 35 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 19 experienced an LRR and 16 developed a DM; 2 patients with LRR subsequently developed DM. In those patients with an LRR, 79% had T1/T2 tumors, and 47% had N0/N1 nodal disease, compared with 75% and 6% in the DM group, respectively. The median time to LRR or DM was 0.6 years (interquartile range [IQR], 0.4‐1.0) and 1.8 years (IQR, 1.0‐2.1), respectively. Salvage treatment with intent to cure was attempted in 23 patients (16 LRR, 7 DM). The median time from LRR or DM to last follow‐up for the 18 patients who were still alive after salvage was 1.9 years (IQR, 0.4‐3.8; range, 7 days–6.2 years). Estimated cancer‐specific survival rates at 3 years following intent‐to‐cure treatment were 63% (95% CI, 39‐100; number still at risk, 5) in the LRR group and 100% (95% CI, 100‐100; number still at risk, 2) in the DM group.ConclusionOverall, LRR and DM for HPV‐positive OPSCC following transoral robotic surgery–based therapy are infrequent. In our subset of patients who underwent intent‐to‐cure treatment, cancer‐specific survival rates were favorable. Therefore, aggressive salvage treatment for LRR and DM for HPV‐positive OPSCC should be recommended for appropriate candidates.
Cochlear Implantation in Inner Ear Malformations: Systematic Review of Speech Perception Outcomes and Intraoperative Findings
Authors: Farhood Zachary , Nguyen Shaun A. , Miller Stephen C. , Holcomb Meredith A. , Meyer Ted A. , Rizk and Habib G. 
Published: April 2017

Objective(1) To analyze reported speech perception outcomes in patients with inner ear malformations who undergo cochlear implantation, (2) to review the surgical complications and findings, and (3) to compare the 2 classification systems of Jackler and Sennaroglu.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus (including Embase), Medline, and CINAHL Plus.Review MethodsFifty‐nine articles were included that contained speech perception and/or intraoperative data. Cases were differentiated depending on whether the Jackler or Sennaroglu malformation classification was used. A meta‐analysis of proportions examined incidences of complete insertion, gusher, and facial nerve aberrancy. For speech perception data, weighted means and standard deviations were calculated for all malformations for short‐, medium‐, and long‐term follow‐up. Speech tests were grouped into 3 categories—closed‐set words, open‐set words, and open‐set sentences—and then compared through a comparison‐of‐means t test.ResultsComplete insertion was seen in 81.8% of all inner ear malformations (95% CI: 72.6‐89.5); gusher was reported in 39.1% of cases (95% CI: 30.3‐48.2); and facial nerve anomalies were encountered in 34.4% (95% CI: 20.1‐50.3). Significant improvements in average performance were seen for closed‐ and open‐set tests across all malformation types at 12 months postoperatively.ConclusionsCochlear implantation outcomes are favorable for those with inner ear malformations from a surgical and speech outcome standpoint. Accurate classification of anatomic malformations, as well as standardization of postimplantation speech outcomes, is necessary to improve understanding of the impact of implantation in this difficult patient population.
Return to Sport and Recreational Activity After Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in the Knee
Authors: Nielsen E. Scott , McCauley Julie C. , Pulido Pamela A. , Bugbee William D. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is an integral part of the cartilage repair paradigm, but insufficient data are available regarding return to sport or recreational activity after the procedure. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if athletic patients undergoing OCA transplantation returned to sport, assess reasons for not returning to sport, and ascertain patient and graft-related characteristics that differed between those who returned or did not return to sport. The secondary aims were to assess graft survivorship and patient-reported subjective outcome measures (pain, function, satisfaction) among athletic patients undergoing OCA transplantation. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We identified 149 knees in 142 patients who participated in sport or recreational activity before a cartilage injury (45% highly competitive athletes and 55% well-trained and frequently sporting) and underwent OCA transplantation in the knee. The mean age was 31.2 years and 58.4% were male. Information on preinjury and postoperative participation in sport or recreational activity was collected. Patients not returning to sport after OCA transplantation were mailed a questionnaire to assess why. Postoperative pain, function, and satisfaction scores were obtained, and further surgery on the operative knee was documented. Results: At a mean follow-up of 6 years, 75.2% of knees returned to sport or recreational activity. Among those who did not return to sport, knee-related issues and lifestyle changes were cited as reasons why. Patients who did not return to sport were more likely to be female, have injured their knee in an activity other than sport, and have a larger graft size. The diagnosis and anatomic location also differed. Overall, 71% of knees reported having “very good” to “excellent” function, and 79% were able to participate in a high level of activity (moderate, strenuous, or very strenuous) postoperatively. After OCA transplantation, 25.5% of knees underwent further surgery; 14 knees (9.4% of entire cohort) were considered allograft failures. Among the 135 knees that had the graft remaining in situ, pain and function improved from preoperatively to the latest follow-up on all measures, and 91% of patients were satisfied with the results of the surgery. Conclusion: OCA transplantation is a successful treatment option for athletes and highly active patients who sustain a cartilage injury to their knee. The majority of patients returned to sport or recreational activity.
The 2015 National Canadian Homeless Youth Survey: Mental Health and Addiction Findings
Authors: Kidd Sean A. , Gaetz Stephen , O’Grady Bill 
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study was designed to provide a representative description of the mental health of youth accessing homelessness services in Canada. It is the most extensive survey in this area to date and is intended to inform the development of mental health and addiction service and policy for this marginalized population. Methods: This study reports mental health–related data from the 2015 “Leaving Home” national youth homelessness survey, which was administered through 57 agencies serving homeless youth in 42 communities across the country. This self-reported, point-in-time survey assessed a broad range of demographic information, pre-homelessness and homelessness variables, and mental health indicators. Results: Survey data were obtained from 1103 youth accessing Canadian homelessness services in the Nunavut territory and all Canadian provinces except for Prince Edward Island. Forty-two per cent of participants reported 1 or more suicide attempts, 85.4% fell in a high range of psychological distress, and key indicators of risk included an earlier age of the first episode of homelessness, female gender, and identifying as a sexual and/or gender minority (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and 2 spirit [LGBTQ2S]). Conclusions: This study provides clear and compelling evidence of a need for mental health support for these youth, particularly LGBTQ2S youth and female youth. The mental health concerns observed here, however, must be considered in the light of the tremendous adversity in all social determinants faced by these youth, with population-level interventions best leveraged in prevention and rapid response.
Hyperlactatemia Predicts Citrate Intolerance With Regional Citrate Anticoagulation During Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Tan Jia-Neng , Haroon Sabrina Wong Peixin , Mukhopadhyay Amartya , Lau Titus , Murali Tanusya M. , Phua Jason , Tan Zong-Yao , Lee Nicholas , Chua Horng-Ruey 
Published: April 2017

Purpose: We aim to determine whether hyperlactatemia, which suggests multi-organ dysfunction and impaired organic substrate metabolism, may predict intolerance to regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). Methods: We performed a single-center, retrospective observational study in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury or end-stage renal disease and evaluated the association of peak serum lactate levels with citrate intolerance (CI) during the initial 72 hours of RCA-CVVH, defined by serum total-to-ionized calcium >2.5 plus systemic hypocalcemia. Results: Eighty-eight patients were studied (aged 59 ± 14 years, 66% males, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II: 31 ± 8). Citrate was dosed at median 2.1 mmol/L of blood flow, with citrate load of 30 mmol/h, and CVVH effluent of 43 mL/kg/h. Twenty patients developed CI. Comparing patients with CI versus none, peak lactate levels were 8 (5-11) versus 3 (2-6) mmol/L, calcium replacement was 13 (10-17) versus 11 (8-12) mmol/h, and standard base excess was −4 (−12 to 1) versus 2(−4 to 7) mmol/L, respectively ( P < .05). Citrate intolerance developed in 38%, 44%, and 55%, in patients with peak lactate >4, >6, >7 mmol/L, respectively, versus 7% in those with peak lactate ≤4 mmol/L ( P ≤ .001), despite comparable citrate load and effluent rates across all categories. On multivariate analysis, hyperlactatemia and hyperbilirubinemia predicted CI ( P ≤ .01), which was associated with increasing calcium infusion requirement. Higher peak lactate from >4 to >7 mmol/L predicted CI with graded increase in odds ratio and specificity from 59% to 87%, but the corresponding negative predictive value from 93% to 87%. Area under nonparametric receiver operating characteristic curve for peak lactate and CI was 0.78. Conclusion: Hyperlactatemia predicts CI during RCA-CVVH with reasonable discriminatory performance in critically ill patients. Serum lactate surveillance may help preempt issues with citrate toxicity.
Embedded survey study harms colorectal cancer screening attendance: Experiences from Finland 2010 to 2015
Authors: Helander Sanni , Sarkeala Tytti , Malila Nea 
Published: April 2017

Objective We previously found that administering a pre-screening lifestyle questionnaire lowered the subsequent attendance proportion in the first-ever colorectal cancer screening. We sought to determine whether the effect continued in subsequent screening rounds. Methods The eligible survey cohort ( n = 10,375) received a follow-up questionnaire in 2012, and in 2013, they were invited for colorectal cancer screening for the second time. For the third screening round, in 2015, no questionnaires were sent in the previous year. Screening attendance in 2013 and in 2015 was examined in relation to survey mailings. Results The colorectal cancer screening attendance rate in 2013 was 58.4% in the survey population, and 63.9% in those not surveyed ( P < 0.001). In 2015, the screening attendance rate was 61.7% among those who had been sent the questionnaires in 2010 and in 2012, and 66.2% in those not surveyed ( P < 0.001). The reduction in screening attendance was greater at the second (2013) round than at the first (2011). Conclusion The effect of the initial survey seemed to continue even when no questionnaires were being sent. Attendance among those who had been sent questionnaires earlier did not reach the level of the group that was never surveyed.
The Effects of Capital Flows on Economic Growth in Senegal
Authors: Adams Samuel , Klobodu Edem Kwame Mensah , Lamptey Richmond Odartey 
Published: April 2017

This article examines the effects of capital flows on economic growth in Senegal using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) over the period 1970–2014. Overall, our results show that remittances cause economic growth in Senegal in the long run. In contrast, external debt has a negative impact on economic growth. The ARDL results, however, show no cointegration between aid and growth or between foreign direct investment (FDI) and growth. The Quandt–Andrews breakpoint test selects year 1991 as the most likely breakpoint location for the remittances–growth equation. Finally, time-varying parameter analyses using the year 1991 as a slope dummy reveal that remittances have been growth-enhancing post-1991. Therefore, government and policy makers in Senegal must create a favourable atmosphere for attracting more remittances to promote economic development. JEL: F21, F24, F35, F34, O10
Financial Integrational Effects on Macroeconomic Instability in India
Authors: Niranjan R.  
Published: April 2017

The nexus between international financial integration and economic growth continues to be one of the most debated issues among macroeconomists, and these debates often raise several issues from the theoretical and policy perspectives. Financial integration can catalyse financial development, improve governance and impose discipline on macro-policies. However, in the absence of a basic pre-existing level of supporting conditions, financial integration can aggravate instability (Khadraoui, 2010). In addition, economic theory suggests that increased financial openness intensifies macroeconomic instability. This article investigates the financial integrational effects on macroeconomic instability in terms of output, consumption and investment volatility by employing the vector error correction model (VECM) with empirically reasonably parameters for an emerging economy, India, for the period 1989–2014. From the results, it is evident that financial openness has had a significant effect on output, consumption and investment volatility. Financial development has had a statistically significant negative effect on output, consumption and investment volatility. Similarly, trade openness and terms of trade significantly influence output, consumption and investment volatility. JEL Classification: F36, F41, F43, E32