bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved macronutrient composition of meals delivered to people with diabetes in hospital: a pre–post, mixed‐methods observational study
Authors: Armstrong Emma , Barmanray Rahul D. , Kriketos Adamandia , Agius Bridget , Dow Aimee , Griffin Hilda , Fourlanos Spiros 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundProviding meals which meet diverse needs of hospital inpatients is complex, contributing to challenges in optimising glycaemia. We developed menus that improved the appropriateness of macronutrient composition of meals for inpatients with diabetes.MethodsQualitative feedback from patients and healthcare professionals prompted the implementation of two new menus: ‘diabetes lifestyle’ and ‘diabetes high energy’. Quantitative nutrition analysis of meals provided to inpatients using new menus was compared to the regular menu. Qualitative surveys were repeated after the implementation of the new menus.ResultsNutrition analysis demonstrated that meals ordered from the diabetes lifestyle menu (mean energy: 7.85 MJ) comprised less total fat (71 vs. 74 vs. 64 g, p < 0.001), saturated fat (34 vs. 36 vs. 31 g, p < 0.001), carbohydrate (246 vs. 249 vs. 217 g, p < 0.001) and sugar (125 vs. 121 vs. 102 g, p < 0.001) compared to the regular (mean energy: 8.46 MJ) and diabetes high energy menus (mean energy: 8.70 MJ). Meals ordered from the diabetes lifestyle menu provided greater protein (91 g) than the regular (85 g) and diabetes high energy (88 g) menus (p < 0.001) and equivalent fibre (33 vs. 31 vs. 33 g, respectively). After implementation of the new menus, more patients reported that meals met their nutritional needs (19 [95%] vs. 14 [70%], p = 0.04), and more healthcare professionals reported menus for inpatients with diabetes were appropriate (16 [100%] vs. 11 [41%], p < 0.001).ConclusionUsing the diabetes lifestyle menu improved the macronutrient composition of meals for inpatients with diabetes not at risk of malnutrition.
Systematic contribution of the auditory region to the knowledge of the oldest European Bovidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia)
Authors: Mennecart Bastien , Duranthon Francis , Costeur Loïc 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ear region has a strong potential for evolutionary studies. While the petrosal bone suffers from ontogeny and allometry, the bony labyrinth provides crucial information for phylogeny. The study of the bony labyrinth itself allowed for argumentation of the early bovid species Eotragus artenensis and Eotragus clavatus being closely related, while a newly described species and genus of early Bovidae from Montréal‐du‐Gers (France), formerly attributed to Eotragus, clearly belong to another lineage. The morphology of the bony labyrinth of these oldest bovids confirms that Eotragus is a stem Bovidae, while the new Bovidae is more derived. Since the bony labyrinth is a structure that is little affected by ontogeny, allometry, and sexual dimorphism, we propose this structure and its surrounding petrosal bone as the holotype for this new species. This study shows the importance of the ear region in the context of micro‐ and macro‐evolution.
Ferulic Acid in the Treatment of Papulopustular Rosacea: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Wang Xing , Xue Yonghong , Zhu Hongzi , Zhang Jingjie , Li Meiling , Ge Wenxiu , Luo Zengxiang , Yuan Xiangfeng , Zhang Dong , Ma Weiyuan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by flushing, erythema, papules, and pustules on the central face. It affects patient appearance and is noted for its chronicity, recurrence, and resistance to treatment. Effective rosacea treatment requires repairing the skin barrier, reducing inflammation, and promoting vasoconstriction.AimsThis study aims to evaluate the efficacy of topical ferulic acid in treating papulopustular rosacea and its impact on skin barrier function.MethodsSixty patients with mild to moderate papulopustular rosacea were selected from the Department of Dermatology at the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University between January 2023 and December 2023. Patients were randomly assigned to either a control group or an observation group, with 30 patients in each group. The observation group applied ferulic acid solution to the affected areas, while the control group used normal saline, both twice daily for 6 weeks. Both groups also received 0.1 g doxycycline hydrochloride tablets orally once daily. Skin lesions and skin barrier function were assessed using VISIA imaging and self‐rating scales before and during treatment, and adverse reactions were recorded.ResultsAfter 6 weeks, both skin lesion assessments and self‐assessment scores improved significantly from baseline, with greater improvement in the observation group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Indicators of skin barrier function and VISIA imaging results demonstrated the efficacy of ferulic acid in treating rosacea. The total effective rate was significantly higher in the observation group (80.00%) compared to the control group (63.33%) (p < 0.05). In the observation group, nine patients (30.00%) experienced a greasy sensation initially, one patient (3.33%) reported tingling and itching, and no serious adverse reactions were observed.ConclusionsFerulic acid is effective as an adjuvant treatment for papulopustular rosacea, significantly improving skin lesions and repairing skin barrier function with minimal adverse reactions.
Association between adverse childhood experiences and pregnancy morbidities: A nationwide online‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Maeda Yuto , Tabuchi Takahiro , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and pregnancy morbidities, including preterm birth (PTB), gestational diabetes (GDM), preeclampsia, and small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) among the general population in Japan.MethodsThe data were from the JACSIS study, an online‐based nationwide survey conducted from July to August 2021 in Japan (N = 5444). ACEs included physical, sexual, and psychological abuse, neglect, childhood poverty, bully victimization, domestic violence, parental death, and parental divorce. Pregnancy morbidities, including PTB, GDM, preeclampsia, and SGA were identified through questionnaires. A multivariable logistic regression model was applied.ResultsOf 5444 women, 2778 (51.0%) had no ACEs, and 374 (6.9%) had four or more ACEs. A dose–response association was found between total ACE score and PTB and preeclampsia (p‐value: 0.016 and 0.001). Women with four or more ACE scores showed higher risks of preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] [95% confidence interval, CI]: 3.06 [1.57–5.94], p‐value: 0.001). Besides, those with two or three ACEs had higher risks of PTB (aOR [95%CI]: 1.42 [1.01–2.02], p‐value: 0.046, and aOR [95%CI]: 1.61 [1.04–2.50], p‐value: 0.041), and women with one ACE showed a higher risk of GDM (aOR [95%CI]: 1.34 [1.02–1.77], p‐value: 0.035). SGA was not associated with ACEs.ConclusionACEs were associated with an increased risk of PTB, preeclampsia, and GDM, but not SGA among the general population in Japan.
The hidden histories of the Pinochet case
Authors: SUGARMAN DAVID 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe world's imagination was caught by the 1998 arrest in London of General Augusto Pinochet on charges of egregious human rights crimes and the 16‐month battle to extradite him to Madrid. For the first time, a former head of state had, while travelling abroad, been arrested on such charges, with his claim to immunity being rejected by a national court. The case's notoriety increased when Lord Hoffman, a judge when it first came before the Law Lords, did not publicly disclose his links with Amnesty International, an intervenor in the proceedings. Pinochet's release on health grounds compounded the controversy. This article reveals hidden histories behind the Pinochet case, advancing our understanding of its progression and wider significance. It illuminates the relationship between law and politics, the role of personal views and judicial creativity in the UK's top court, the ways in which law operates in practice, and its promises and limitations.
Embodiment of sexuality by Israeli Sign Language signers and hearing Hebrew speakers
Authors: Stamp Rose , Ben Israel Adi , Eden Klil , Khatib Lilyana , Karpova Vera , Hel Or Hagit 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLanguage is a key resource for speakers and signers to index different aspects of their social identities, such as their ethnicities and sexualities. Yet, for users of sign language – who exploit movements of the hands, face, head and torso for linguistic purposes – it is often assumed that any communicative movement of the body is part of a sign language rather than a general feature of the body's potential to communicate social meaning, shared by hearing and deaf individuals. In this study, we test this claim by comparing the movement features produced by gay and straight Israeli Sign Language signers to the gestural movements produced by gay and straight Hebrew speakers. The findings reveal that deaf gay signers and hearing gay gesturers exploit similar movements of the body. By incorporating the notion of embodiment into sign language sociolinguistics, we can better conceptualize the relationship between sign language and social identities.
Soybean Agglutinin Induced Apoptotic Effects by Down‐Regulating ANXA2 Through FAK Pathway in IPEC‐J2 Cells
Authors: E Tianjiao , Xu Chengyu , Fan Xiapu , Liu Jiawei , Zhao Jinpeng , Bao Nan , Zhao Yuan , Farouk Mohammed Hamdy , Ji Yun , Wu Zhenlong , Pan Li , Qin Guixin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSoybean agglutinin (SBA) is an anti‐nutritional factor in soybean, possesses toxic effects by binding to intestinal epithelial cells, and finally interferes the digestion and absorption of nutrients in humans and animals. Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is one of the SBA‐specific binding proteins in intestinal epithelial cells and participates in multiple cellular biological processes. However, whether SBA affects apoptosis through ANXA2 and its apoptosis‐related pathway remains unclear. IPEC‐J2 is an ideal model to study human intestinal health. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of ANXA2 on SBA‐induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and the related pathway mechanism using IPEC‐J2 as a cell model. The results showed that SBA induced the apoptosis through FAK signal pathway and decreased the gene and protein expressions of ANXA2 in IPEC‐J2. The expression of ANXA2 protein had a negative correlation with the apoptosis rates, and a positive correlation with the expression of FAK protein and FAK pathway downstream proteins. In conclusion, SBA induced apoptosis of IPEC‐J2 cells by downregulating the expression of ANXA2, which activated the FAK pathway. These findings highlight the toxic mechanism of SBA, which will provide basis for studying the toxicity mechanisms of other food‐derived anti‐nutrients and provide a new perspective for human gastrointestinal health and related cancer treatment.
Transcriptome Analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Early Gene Expression in Human Gingival Keratinocytes
Authors: Ostadkarampour Mahyar , Putnins Edward E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimPorphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS) is a significant virulence factor and a driver of early innate immune responses in epithelial cells. The presence of PgLPS in immediate proximity to gingival epithelium induces significant inflammatory responses. In primary human gingival keratinocytes (HGK), we utilized transcriptome analysis to elucidate the change in early gene expression induced by PgLPS.MethodsHGK cell cultures were treated with PgLPS (4 h), and RNA was extracted and prepared for RNA sequence (RNAseq) analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and potential interactions between these genes were subsequently examined using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analytic approaches to identify significantly enriched pathways. Expression of genes associated with relevant pathways was evaluated using real‐time quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR).ResultsRNAseq analysis identified 25 DEGs, and GO and KEGG analytic approaches showed related genes expressed in two general pathways. First, pathways broadly related to urokinase and coagulation included the genes PLAU, PLAUR, and SerpinB2. In RT‐qPCR analysis, these genes were induced by PgLPS over time (4–24 h), and these data were consistent with PgLPS induction of cell migration. Second, interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) receptor binding and cytokine‐activity pathways were also enriched. Genes associated with these pathways included IL36G, IL1B, IL1RN, and CXCL14. RT‐qPCR analysis confirmed PgLPS induction of genes associated with the IL‐1family. When expression of IL1B and IL36G genes was examined in relation to their respective antagonists, only IL36G gene expression was increased. CXCL14 gene expression was reduced over time, and this was consistent with RNAseq analysis.ConclusionsGenes associated with significantly enriched GO and KEGG pathways are relevant to aspects of periodontal disease (PDD) pathogenesis. First, PgLPS induced expression of PLAU, PLAUR, and SerpinB2, and these changes were consistent with an increase in cell migration that was found. Second, both IL36G and IL1B gene expression was significantly induced, but only IL36G in relation to its selective antagonist (IL36RN) was increased. These data support that early upregulation of IL36G may serve as an alarmin that can drive early innate immune inflammatory responses in HGK. Further in vivo testing of these findings is ongoing.
Estimating Prevalence and Number of People With Chronic Hepatitis B: A Multiplier Method Based on Public Health Surveillance Data in UK (2015–2021)
Authors: Simmons Ruth , Harris Ross , Lim Aaron G. , Leeman David , Ramsay Mary E. , Hickman Matthew , Mandal Sema 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTEstimates of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence and critically the amount of infection that is undiagnosed or unlinked to care are uncertain—even in countries like UK where vertical transmission and overall prevalence are very low. In the absence of country of birth data, we aim to estimate HBV prevalence through combining public health surveillance data on antenatally screened women by ethnic group and multipliers generated from non‐antenatally screened populations by ethnic group with English population denominators. Of 714,287 women aged 16–49 years with ethnic group data tested as part of antenatal care between 2015 and 2021, 4174 (0.6%) were HBsAg‐positive; 94% in people of ethnic groups other than White British. Of 1,447,467 people tested for HBsAg with ethnic group data from other testing sources (primary and secondary care excluding occupational health and renal services), 27,628 (1.9%) were HBsAg‐positive; 87% in people of ethnic groups other than White British. We estimate that the overall number and prevalence of people with chronic hepatitis B in England is 268,767 (95% CI: 227,896–314,044) and 0.58% (95% CI: 0.50–0.68). Approximately two‐thirds were male, one‐third female, and 68% were aged under 50. We estimate that over 83% of HBV infections are in people of ethnic groups other than White British, with 23% in people from Black ethnic groups, 21% from other White ethnic groups and 19% in Asian ethnic groups. These estimates are the first step towards establishing whether England can meet World Health Organisation targets to eliminate HBV as a public health problem—using methods that can also be used by other countries.
Rethinking the life of court dwarfs in early modern Florence: the case of Pietro Barbino at the Medici court☆
Authors: McBryde Sarah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCourt dwarfs were a feature of aristocratic entourages across Europe from the Medieval period until the eighteenth century and their presence is recorded in both contemporary artworks and written sources. Traditionally, it has been assumed that these courtly attendants functioned solely as jester‐buffoons who were exploited and humiliated by their patrons, but is this assumption accurate? By recovering the forgotten histories of this significant group of court staff, new perspectives emerge on the lives of court dwarfs and the various roles they undertook, beyond their conventional role as jesters. This article examines the case of Pietro Barbino, a dwarf attendant at the Medici court in sixteenth‐century Florence, who was the subject of a portrait by the court sculptor Valerio Cioli. Information from archival sources about Barbino's life, both inside and outside the court, corresponds with Giorgio Vasari's description of him as ‘a gifted dwarf, well‐lettered, a very gentle spirit and a favourite of our Duke’ (Lives of the Artists, 1568). Barbino's story suggests that, at least in some instances, dwarf attendants were involved with more erudite aspects of courtly entertainment and were able to achieve a measure of personal autonomy within the complex hierarchy of the court system.
Celebrating the research career of Douglas Nelson
Authors: Egger Peter , Francois Joseph , Hoekman Bernard , Lovely Mary 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis special issue celebrates Prof. Douglas Nelson's body of research. It comprises articles by many of his co‐authors, colleagues and students. They address two broad themes: the interplay between trade and investment flows and employment and equity on the one hand and the interaction between trade‐related policies and patterns of trade and investment on the other.
Personalized Model‐Driven Interventions for Decisions From Experience
Authors: Cranford Edward A. , Lebiere Christian , Gonzalez Cleotilde , Aggarwal Palvi , Somers Sterling , Mitsopoulos Konstantinos , Tambe Milind 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCognitive models that represent individuals provide many benefits for understanding the full range of human behavior. One way in which individual differences emerge is through differences in knowledge. In dynamic situations, where decisions are made from experience, models built upon a theory of experiential choice (instance‐based learning theory; IBLT) can provide accurate predictions of individual human learning and adaptivity to changing environments. Here, we demonstrate how an instance‐based learning (IBL) cognitive model, implemented in a cognitive architecture (Adaptive Control of Thought–Rational), can be used to model an individual's decisions in a cybersecurity defense task, accounting for both population average and individual variances. The same IBL model structure with identical architectural parameters generates the full range of human behavior through stochastic memory retrieval processes operating over and contributing to unique experiences. Recurrence quantification analyses allow us to look beyond average behavior between and within individuals to sequential patterns of trial‐to‐trial behavior. We show how model‐tracing and knowledge‐tracing techniques can be used to align the model to an individual in real time to drive adaptive and personalized signaling algorithms for a cybersecurity defense system. We also present a method for introspecting into the cognitive model to gain further insight into the cognitive salience of features factored into individual decisions. The combination of techniques provides a blueprint for personalized modeling of individuals. We discuss the results and implications of this adaptive and personalized method for cybersecurity defense and more generally for intelligent artifacts tailored to individual differences in domains such as human–machine teaming.
UBC18 E2 conjugating enzyme depends on SINAT1 E3 ligase to destabilize the ESCRT component FREE1 in plant iron deficiency responses
Authors: Liu Chuanliang , Zhang Tianrui , Liu Weijie , Xiao Zhidan , Yang Chao , Peng Changlian , Gao Caiji , Shen Wenjin , Li Hongbo 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYE2 ubiquitin‐conjugating enzymes play a crucial role in the ubiquitination process by catalyzing ubiquitin transfer. Although the function of ubiquitin‐protein ligases (E3s) in plants response to diverse abiotic stress by targeting specific substrates has been well studied, the involvement of E2s in environmental responses and their downstream targets are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the E2 ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme 18 (UBC18) influences the stability of FREE1 to modulate iron deficiency stress. UBC18 affects the ubiquitination of FREE1 and promotes its degradation, and overexpression of UBC18 decreases plants’ sensitivity to iron deficiency by reducing FREE1 level, whereas the ubc18 mutant exhibits sensitivity due to elevated FREE1 accumulation. This study also identified that lysine residues K227, K295, K315, and K540 are required for FREE1 ubiquitination and stability regulation. Mutating these lysine residues in FREE1 resulted in plants’ sensitivity to iron starvation. Taken together, our findings shed light on the mechanism of UBC18 in responding to iron deficiency stress by modulating the abundance of FREE1, and further elucidate the role of ubiquitination sites in FREE1 stability regulation and the plant iron deficiency response.
Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants by molecular-clamping technology-based RT-qPCR
Authors: Shen Shuo , Fu Andrew Y. , Jamba Maidar , Li Jonathan , Cui Zhen , Pastor Larry , Cataldi Daniel , Sun Qing , Pathakamuri Joseph A. , Kuebler Daniel , Rohall Michael , Krohn Madison , Kissinger Daniel , Neves Jocelyn , Archibeque Isaac , Zhang Aiguo , Lu Chuanyi M. , Sha Michael Y. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Given the challenges that SARS-CoV-2 variants have caused in terms of rapid spread and reduced vaccine efficacy, a rapid and cost-effective assay that can detect new and emerging variants is greatly needed worldwide. We have successfully applied the xenonucleic acid-based molecular-clamping technology to develop a multiplex reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 multivariant detection. The assay was used to test 649 nasopharyngeal swab samples that were collected for clinical diagnosis or surveillance. The assay was able to correctly identify all 36 Delta variant samples as it accurately detected the D614G, T478K, and L452R mutations. In addition, the assay was able to correctly identify all 34 Omicron samples by detecting the K417N, T478K, N501Y, and D614G mutations. This technique reliably detects a variety of variants and has an analytical sensitivity of 100 copies/mL. In conclusion, this novel assay can serve as a rapid and cost-effective tool to facilitate large-scale detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

IMPORTANCE
We have developed a multiplex reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) testing platform for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants using the xenonucleic acid (XNA)-based molecular-clamping technology. The XNA-based RT-qPCR assay can achieve high sensitivity with a limit of detection of about 100 copies/mL for variant detection which is much better than the next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay. Its turnaround time is about 4 hours with lower cost and a lot of Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) labs own the instrument and meet skillset requirements. This assay provides a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective testing platform for rapid detection and monitoring of known and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. This testing platform can be adopted by laboratories that perform routine SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing, providing a rapid and cost-effective method in lieu of NGS-based assays, for detecting, differentiating, and monitoring SARS-CoV-2 variants. This assay is easily scalable to any new variant(s) should it emerge.