bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A six-stage framework for evolutionary IS research using path models
Authors: Kock Ned , Moqbel Murad 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to fill a gap in evolutionary theorizing in the field of information systems. Evolutionary theorizing has recently been added as a useful tool to the research repertoire of information systems investigators. However, the literature on evolutionary theorizing and related empirical research lacks a clear framework that explicitly shows how information systems researchers can go, step-by-step, from a generic model of the evolution of traits in our ancestral past to a more specific model depicting the effects of technology facilitation of those traits among modern humans. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap through a framework composed of six stages.Design/methodology/approach– To discuss and illustrate the framework, the authors develop an easy-to-understand generic path model explicitly depicting relationships among variables related to events that occurred in our evolutionary past. We then incrementally adapt this generic path model, eventually arriving at a focused path model depicting causal relationships among social networking site use, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance. In doing so, the authors also develop a theoretical model about how social networking site use can affect job performance, where a positive total effect is predicted via positive intermediate effects on job satisfaction and organizational commitment.Findings– To discuss the final stage in the framework, the authors present an illustrative example where the focused path model is tested based on a study of the effect of Facebook use on job performance among 178 working professionals across the USA. This illustrative example provides general support for the theoretical model.Research limitations/implications– The counterintuitive hypothesis that Facebook use is associated with increased job performance is supported.Practical implications– Social networking site use by organizational employees is likely to be associated with improved job performance.Originality/value– This study provides a clear framework that shows how researchers can go from a generic evolutionary path model in our ancestral past to a more specific model comprising technology effects in modern humans.
Study on industrial macropollutants discharges in Milan sewer system
Authors: Shahvi Shervin , Orsi Enrico , Canziani Roberto , Larcan Enrico , Becciu Gianfranco 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study the transformation of some macropollutants including hydrocarbons, surfactants and metals in Milan west sewer basin. The study is part of a wider research (named SWARMNET and proposed by Politecnico di Milano and Metropolitana Milanese S.p.A and has been classified as fundable by the Ministry of Education, University and Research of Italy), aiming at installing a monitoring system for measurement of accidental discharge of pollutants from industrial activities and real-time protection of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) by avoiding dangerous discharges entering the sewers. Good effluent and waste sludge quality allow safe agricultural reuse of both streams. Other objectives include food safety, lower treatment costs and reduction of pollution of soil, surface and groundwater.Design/methodology/approach– The west basin of Milan sewer network, discharging to San Rocco WWTP was considered. Among 700 industries, 16 have been selected for their specific characteristics and/or high industrial pollution load. A quality model was coupled with a hydraulic model to evaluate the effect of pollutants transport in the network.Findings– Heavy metals, surfactants and hydrocarbons have different behavior from biodegradable domestic sewage and can be modeled as conservative matter conveyed by advection only. Results show that the concentration values of these macropollutants at the inlet of the WWTP are below the Italian standard values with the exception of Cadmium and Mercury. These heavy metals should be considered in the planned sampling campaign.Originality/value– This study will estimate environmental benefits and both methodology and monitoring techniques can be extended to other cities in Italy and Europe.
The integrated model of theory planned behavior, value, and image for explaining public transport passengers’ intention to reuse
Authors: Sumaedi Sik , Yarmen Medi , Bakti I Gede Mahatma Yuda , Rakhmawati Tri , Astrini Nidya J , Widianti Tri 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the simultaneous effect of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control (PBC), perceived value, and image on public transport passengers’ intention to reuse.Design/methodology/approach– The empirical data were collected through survey. The respondents of the survey are 293 public transport passengers in Tangerang, Indonesia. Multiple regressions analysis was performed to test the conceptual model and the proposed hypotheses.Findings– The findings showed that attitude, subjective norm, and image influence public transport passengers’ intention to reuse. However, this research also found that perceived value and PBC does not influence public transport passengers’ intention to reuse significantly.Research limitations/implications– The survey was only conducted at one area in Indonesia. In addition, convenience sampling method was employed. These conditions may cause that the research results cannot be generalized to the other contexts. Therefore, replication research is needed to test the stability of the findings in the other contexts.Practical/implications– Public transport service managers need to pay attention to attitude, subjective norm, and image in order to ensure public transport passengers’ intention to reuse public transport services.Originality/value– This study is believed to be the first to develop and test public transport passengers’ intention to reuse model that integrated theory of planned behavior with perceived value and image.
Chinese police supervisors’ occupational attitudes
Authors: Sun Ivan Y. , Liu Jianhong , Farmer Ashley K. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to assess factors that influence Chinese police supervisors’ attitudes toward police roles, community policing, and job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach– Survey data were collected from police supervisors in a major Chinese city. Multivariate regression was used to assess the effects of officers’ background characteristics and assignments on their occupational attitudes.Findings– Ethnic minority supervisors were more likely to have a broader order maintenance orientation, a narrower crime fighting orientation, and supportive attitudes toward quality of life activities. Less experienced supervisors were more inclined to favor the order maintenance role. Supervisors with a stronger order maintenance orientation tended to support problem solving activities and have a greater level of job satisfaction. Officers with military service experience also expressed a higher degree of job satisfaction.Research limitations/implications– Survey data collected from a single Chinese city may not be generalizable to officers in other regions and departments.Practical implications– Police administrators should screen all applicants on attitudes that reflect departmental work priorities and styles of policing during the initial selection process. Desirable attitudes can be further molded into officers during their academic training, field officer training, and in-service training. Police administrators should continue their recruiting efforts targeting former military personnel. With adequate training in fulfilling civilian tasks and displaying proper outlooks, these individuals could become effective members of the forces.Originality/value– Despite a growing number of studies on crime and justice in China, empirical research on policing in general and on officers’ occupational attitudes in particular remains very limited. This study represents one of the first attempts to assess factors related to police occupational outlooks in China.
Is bad stronger than good? The impact of police-citizen encounters on public satisfaction with police
Authors: Li Yudu , Ren Ling , Luo Fei 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– Drawing upon the negativity bias theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of positive and negative perceptions of police-initiated or citizen-initiated contacts on three distinctive dimensions of public satisfaction with police (PSWP).Design/methodology/approach– The data were obtained from a random-sample telephone survey of 1,143 residents in Houston in 2012. The OLS regressions were conducted with variables derived from the contact model and neighborhood context model that were often employed in the PSWP research. Particularly, five dichotomous variables were created to tap into the nature and quality of the police-citizen encounters.Findings– The results confirm the negativity bias theory that “bad is stronger than good,” suggesting that the negative-contact variables have stronger influences on PSWP than the positive-contact variables, net of neighborhood context and demographic background.Originality/value– This study expands the scope of the investigation on PSWP by exploring the effects of the nature and quality of the police-citizen contacts on the respondents’ sentiments toward the police.
Plural policing: a State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Boels Dominique , Verhage Antoinette 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to report on the systematic review on the topic of plural policing. The authors aim to discuss the general characteristics of empirical research into plural policing and describe the way in which police literature deals with the questions related to plural policing.Design/methodology/approach– A systematic review, including qualitative research, focused on empirical research results.Findings– First of all, plural policing has been subject of study in a diversity of contexts, using multiple methods and treating very diverse research questions. Although the dangers of blurring boundaries between policing actors is a focal issue in contemplative papers, empirical research on plural policing does not focus on this issue but mentions it in the margins of the research results.Research limitations/implications– Limitations are that the authors had to set a timeframe for the systematic review and that not all research was accessible. Furthermore, the authors had to limit the studies that could be included in this systematic review.Social implications– One of the main research questions relates to the dangers of blurring boundaries between multiple policing actors. This has important implications for citizens in their relations and contacts with police actors (in terms of transparency, equality of rights and so on).Originality/value– The paper gives a first insight into a domain that is written on extensively, but less empirically studied and sheds light on the studies that have taken the topic of plural policing as the focal point.
Informal social networks within and between organisations
Authors: Whelan Chad 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the underlying relational properties of security networks by focusing specifically on the relationship between formal and informal ties, and interpersonal and inter-organisational trust.Design/methodology/approach– The research is based on 20 qualitative interviews with senior members of police and security agencies across the field of counter-terrorism in Australia.Findings– The findings suggest that the underlying relational properties of security networks are highly complex, making it difficult to distinguish between formal and informal ties, interpersonal and inter-organisational trust. The findings also address the importance of informal ties and interpersonal trust for the functioning of organisational security networks.Research limitations/implications– The research is exploratory in nature and extends to a number of organisational security networks in the field of counter-terrorism in Australia. While it is anticipated that the findings will be relevant in a variety of contexts, further research is required to advance our knowledge of the implications and properties of informal social networks within defined network boundaries.Practical implications– The findings suggest that the functioning of security networks is likely to be highly dependent on the underlying social relationships between network members. This has practical implications for those responsible for designing and managing security networks.Originality/value– The paper calls attention to a very understudied topic by focusing on the dynamics of informal ties and interpersonal trust within organisational security networks.
Disentangling the myth about citizen participation in collaborative work with police
Authors: Lee Jae-Seung , Zhao Jihong Solomon 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to expand the research on citizen participation in police work by attempting to disentangle the difference between volunteers and general citizens.

Design/methodology/approach
– Independent variables including the demographic characteristics, victimization experiences, fear of crime, neighborhood disorders, and satisfaction with the police services were used to explain the volunteers’ attitudes toward the police. A random sample of general citizens was used as a comparison group. Using two data sets derived from a survey of 324 citizen volunteers in community policing programs and a random telephone survey of 1,197 general citizens in Houston, TX, two structural equation modeling models for general citizen sample and citizen volunteer sample were tested.

Findings
– The results revealed that satisfaction with the police services was the only factor having a direct impact on attitudes toward the police in volunteer group. In addition, volunteers’ attitudes toward the police and satisfaction with the police services were higher than general citizens even though their victimization experiences, fear of crime, perceived neighborhood disorders were higher than general citizens.

Originality/value
– The authors argue that there is a strong diffused support, first raised by David Easton (1965), among the volunteers. This exploratory study would be a reference for future studies.
Assessing the use of a Traffic Enforcement Unit
Authors: Hepworth Daniel Philip , White David Russell 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the 22-month life of a three-officer specialized Traffic Enforcement Unit (TEU) within one mid-sized municipal police agency. The case study allowed for the examination of the impact of this structural change from a generalist to a specialist approach on the rate of traffic citations. Additionally, officer attitudes related to the change were considered.Design/methodology/approach– The study used a mixed method approach, which included both an objective output (traffic citations) and the results of a management survey to consider officers’ attitudes.Findings– Despite the fact that most officers reported the introduction of the TEU did not change their commitment to traffic enforcement, the findings indicate citations by non-TEU officers declined sharply over time. Likewise, citations by the three specialized officers also dropped, which, when combined with non-TEU officers, resulted in no real differences between the generalist and specialist approach on the number of citations issued.Research limitations/implications– Beyond the natural limitations of a single case study, the use of a management-issued survey concerning attitudes was not ideal.Practical implications– The study provides some evidence that generalists approaches – at least as they apply to traffic enforcement – may be just as productive as specialist approaches.Originality/value– While there has been a significant amount of rhetoric over the years, it seems scholars have largely ignored real differences between the generalist and specialist approaches on objective organizational outputs. This is an area that needs to be subjected to additional research.
Affective organizational commitment, work engagement and service performance among police officers
Authors: van Gelderen Benjamin R. , Bik Leonie W. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between police officers’ affective organizational commitment, work engagement, and (perceived) service performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Participants included 114 police officers who completed a questionnaire that measured their affective commitment, social job resources, supervisor support, work engagement, and extra-role performance (i.e. offering service to colleagues). A dyadic design was used that related police officer commitment to the perceived service performance as rated by 165 crime victims (cross-over effect).

Findings
– Results of structural equation modeling revealed that commitment was positively related to seeking colleague support to increase social job resources. Furthermore, the results indicated that supervisor support mediated the positive relationship between commitment and work engagement/extra-role performance. In contrast, commitment was negatively related to the perceived service performance of police officers as rated by crime victims.

Research limitations/implications
– The results indicate that while affective commitment supports police officers’ work engagement and promotes the seeking and offering of colleague assistance, it also tempers external service performance ratings.

Originality/value
– This paper enhances the understanding of how the affective commitment of police officers can be related differently to internal and external outcomes. The results are discussed in relation to police culture and performance theory.
How can managers promote salespeople’s person-job fit?
Authors: Tseng Lu-Ming , Yu Tsu-Wei 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to examine the impact of salespeople’s subjective person-job fit on the salespeople’s intention to quit. Moreover, this study further investigates how the subjective person–job fit could be influenced by the cooperative learning and support in the organization. Person-job fit is an important issue for salespeople’s career development. However, the antecedents of salespeople’s person-job fit seem to have been under-investigated in the management literature.Design/methodology/approach– A questionnaire survey is used as a research instrument, and Taiwan’s full-time life insurance salespeople took part in the investigation. The hypotheses were tested by using partial least squares and structural equation modeling tool (SmartPLS 2.0).Findings– The results confirmed that poor subjective person-job fit would significantly increase the salespeople’s intention to quit. Yet, the results also suggested that cooperative learning and organizational support are the mechanisms that reduce this problem.Originality/value– This study provided the initial discussions about the effect of cooperative learning and organizational support on the salespeople’s subjective person-job fit.
Antecedents of absorptive capacity: a new model for developing learning processes
Authors: Rezaei-Zadeh Mohammad , Darwish Tamer K 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrated framework to indicate which antecedents of absorptive capacity (AC) influence its learning processes, and to propose testing of this model in future work.Design/methodology/approach– Relevant literature into the antecedents of AC was critically reviewed and analysed with the objective of categorising and explaining the influence of AC on learning processes, including exploratory, transformative and exploitative learning.Findings– By considering the level of learning, the proposed model demonstrates that the antecedents of AC vary, comprising exploratory, transformative and exploitative learning processes. Moreover, this study reveals the complex interplay between the antecedents of AC.Research limitations/implications– The proposed model was developed theoretically, thus pending further empirical validation according to environmental turbulence, knowledge characteristics and modes of governance. This study also urges researchers to explore whether or not the antecedents of AC differ based on organisational outcomes.Practical implications– The model can be put into a testable template for use by researchers. It further guides managers in developing effective processes for learning to use external knowledge.Originality/value– It is the first work to schematically bring together and discuss the antecedents of AC and its influence on learning processes, and further provides a framework capable of facilitating the empirical testing of this nexus.
Competitor relatedness, indirect soil effects and plant coexistence
Authors: Ehlers Bodil K. , David Patrice , Damgaard Christian F. , Lenormand Thomas 
Published: March 2016

Summary

How species coexist is a central question in ecology. Niche differentiation can prevent two species from excluding each other by competition. However, this interaction can vary in space because of internal factors such as intraspecific genetic variation, or external ones such as the presence of a third species. While these effects have been repeatedly observed, their joint effect on the outcome of competition has rarely been considered.

We experimentally investigated how a dominant ecosystem engineer (the shrub Thymus vulgaris) affects interactions between two co‐occurring and closely related annuals (Medicago minima and M. rigidula). We ask first whether the outcome of their interaction depends on the genetic identity of the competitors, and in particular whether intraspecific interaction differs between genetically related versus unrelated conspecifics. Secondly, we ask whether coexistence of the two species is modified by the presence of thyme plants altering local soil conditions.

We grew genotypes collected in nature of both annual species in inter‐ and intraspecific competition experiments using soil collected directly underneath thyme plant (thyme soil) and soil collected away from thyme plants (no‐thyme soil).

We found that thyme soil affected interactions in a way that shifted the species’ rank. Crucial for this result was the division of intraspecific competition between genetically related and unrelated individuals. Intraspecific competition was significantly less detrimental to kin than to unrelated conspecifics. In highly structured plant populations, such effects could favour local dominance of a patch by one species. However, this kin effect occurred for each species only in its preferred soil (thyme vs. no thyme), promoting a stabilizing coexistence mechanism at the landscape level.

Synthesis. This study shows that the importance of intraspecific competition relative to interspecific competition can be highly dependent on the genotype identity of intraspecific competitors and of the local environment in which the interaction occurs. The local environment can itself be modified by the presence of a third species in the community. These results emphasize how, in order to understand the overall problem of species coexistence, it can be insightful to divide this into smaller local‐scale problems of coexistence.