bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of ultrasonic excitation on the microstructure of selective laser melted 304 L stainless steel
Authors: Tilita G.A. , Chen W. , Kwan C.C.F. , Yuen M.M.F 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSelective laser melting is an additive manufacturing technology capable of creating near‐net‐shape products using a variety of materials. Parts made by selective laser melting have shortcomings in material behavior such as anisotropy, residual stresses, low ductility, and low fatigue limit. Such behavior is largely a result of the columnar grain structure found within the printed part. Fundamentally, the highly directional thermal gradient involved in the selective laser melting process, hampers the nucleation and promotes growth in one direction, and likely responsible for the observed columnar structure. The current study aims to modify such unfavorable nucleation conditions by introducing ultrasonic excitation into the selective laser melting process. The experiment was conducted on multiple layers of 304 L austenitic stainless steel as a model material on a specially built selective laser melting platform. Ultrasonic excitation has clearly shown to have an effect on as‐printed microstructure leading to more desirable grain structure with a 46 to 54% decrease in aspect ratio as a result of the change in nucleation conditions. The results of this study suggest that ultrasonic excitation is a viable means to altering the selective laser melting grain structure. Moreover, it is highly likely that further optimization, and possibly a certain level of control on the resulting microstructure, can be achieved with the ultrasonic parameters.
Measurements of rubber mechanical properties in aged and nonaged state
Authors: Ružiak I. , Koštial P. , Jančíková Z. , Krišťák Ľ. , Kopal I. , Valíček J. , Harničárová M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this work we study the influence of different types of plasticizers on the mechanical properties of rubber blend mixtures before and after the ageing process. We have used Oleic acid as plasticizer. Reference samples were mixed with an oleic acid content of 1 part of the oleic acid to the 100 parts of rubber and 3 parts of the oleic acid to the 100 parts of rubber with weight percentages of the surfactant ETOXON 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30 and basic mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Shore A hardness, ductility, moduli 100, 200, 300 have been measured. Measurements were performed 24 h after blend vulcanization and then 1 month after. We have studied the influence of plasticizers on the measured properties and the influence of ageing on the measured properties. All measured mechanical properties change with chemical composition except Shore A hardness.
Results on the measurement of the soret coefficients for ternary hydrocarbons mixtures on board ISS
Authors: Ahadi A. , Saghir M.Z. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe diffusion and thermodiffusion coefficients of binary hydrocarbon mixtures have been measured and analyzed in detail elsewhere, as one step forward here we measured the separation of tetrahydronaphthalene, isobutylbenzene, and dodecane mixture in a ternary hydrocarbon mixture, at five different compositions due to thermal gradients, and we determined the Soret and diffusion coefficients of this mixture. The thermodiffusion experiment was conducted by means of a Mach‐Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) using two wavelengths and in a low gravity environment on board the International Space Station (ISS). Thus, we report the chemical concentration variations of the various cases obtained by the recently developed processing technique. Eventually, based on the transient behavior of the separation of the components, the Soret coefficient of all three components for various compositions of this mixture were measured.
Application of a pattern recognition method to estimate wind loads on ships and marine objects
Authors: Valčić M. , Prpić‐Oršić J. , Vučinić D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper presents an extension of the application capabilities of elliptic Fourier descriptors from the usual pattern recognition and classification problems to problems of very complex nonlinear multivariable approximations of multi‐input and multi‐output functions. Wind loads on ships and marine objects are a complicated phenomenon because of the complex configuration of the above‐water part of the structure. The proposed approach of the wind load estimation method presented in this paper consists of four basic parts: acquisition and pre‐processing of vessel images; image editing; data preparation for neural network training; validating and testing of the created neural network. The method is based on elliptic Fourier features of a closed contour which are used for the frontal and lateral closed contour representation of ships. Therefore, this approach takes into account all aspects of the variability of the above‐water frontal and lateral ship profile. For the purpose of multivariate nonlinear regression, the generalized regression radial basis neural network is trained by elliptic Fourier features of closed contours and wind load data derived from wind tunnel tests. The trained neural network is used for the estimation of non‐dimensional wind load coefficients. The results for a group of car carriers are presented and compared with the experimental data.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of two binary Al‐Mg alloys deformed using equal channel angular pressing
Authors: Tański T. , Snopiński P. , Hilser O. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the present work, the effect of severe plastic deformation (SPD) on the mechanical properties of two binary Al−Mg alloys have been investigated. Because of the limited workability of the investigated material, both alloys were subjected to the heat treatment (precipitation treatment) before plastic deformation using equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). Results of investigation show that the increased magnesium content result in a decrease in workability, however, the heat treatment improves ability for plastic working. It was also observed that a combination of heat treatment with severe plastic deformation causes an increase in mechanical properties when compared to the initial material. In order to characterize structural changes that occur after plastic deformation, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used.
Automated low‐contrast pattern recognition algorithm for magnetic resonance image quality assessment
Authors: Ehman Morgan O. , Bao Zhonghao , Stiving Scott O. , Kasam Mallik , Lanners Dianna , Peterson Teresa , Jonsgaard Renee , Carter Rickey , McGee Kiaran P. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeLow contrast (LC) detectability is a common test criterion for diagnostic radiologic quality control (QC) programs. Automation of this test is desirable in order to reduce human variability and to speed up analysis. However, automation is challenging due to the complexity of the human visual perception system and the ability to create algorithms that mimic this response. This paper describes the development and testing of an automated LC detection algorithm for use in the analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the American College of Radiology (ACR) QC phantom.MethodsThe detection algorithm includes fuzzy logic decision processes and various edge detection methods to quantify LC detectability. Algorithm performance was first evaluated using a single LC phantom MR image with the addition of incremental zero mean Gaussian noise resulting in a total of 200 images. A c‐statistic was calculated to determine the role of CNR to indicate when the algorithm would detect ten spokes. To evaluate inter‐rater agreement between experienced observers and the algorithm, a blinded observer study was performed on 196 LC phantom images acquired from nine clinical MR scanners. The nine scanners included two MR manufacturers and two field strengths (1.5 T, 3.0 T). Inter‐rater and algorithm‐rater agreement was quantified using Krippendorff's alpha.ResultsFor the Gaussian noise added data, CNR ranged from 0.519 to 11.7 with CNR being considered an excellent discriminator of algorithm performance (c‐statistic = 0.9777). Reviewer scoring of the clinical phantom data resulted in an inter‐rater agreement of 0.673 with the agreement between observers and algorithm equal to 0.652, both of which indicate significant agreement.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the detection of LC test patterns for MR imaging QC programs can be successfully developed and that their response can model the human visual detection system of expert MR QC readers.
Reliability of the triple‐timed up‐and‐go test
Authors: Sanders Donald B. , Guptill Jeffrey T. , Aleš Kathy L. , Hobson‐Webb Lisa D. , Jacobus David P. , Mahmood Riaz , Massey Janice M. , Pittman Melissa M. , Prather Kristi , Raja Shruti M. , Yow Eric , Juel Vern C. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe report the reliability of a new measure, the triple‐timed up‐and‐go (3TUG) test, for assessing clinical function in patients with Lambert‐Eaton myasthenia (LEM).MethodsIntrarater reproducibility and interrater agreement of the 3TUG test were assessed in 25 control participants, 24 patients with non‐LEM neuromuscular disease, and 12 patients with LEM. The coverage probability (CP) method was the primary measure of reproducibility and agreement. Thea prioriacceptable range was < 20% difference in 3TUG test times and a CP ≥0.90 confirmed agreement.ResultsCP values > 0.90 for intrarater and interrater tests confirmed acceptable reproducibility and agreement for all groups.DiscussionThe 3TUG test is a quick, noninvasive, and reproducible measure that is easy to perform, measures clinically important weakness in LEM patients, and requires little training. Additional evaluation in a larger number of LEM patients is in progress to validate the 3TUG test as a clinical measure in LEM.Muscle Nerve57: 136–139, 2017
Structures and kinetics for plant nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases support a domain motion catalytic mechanism
Authors: Summers Emma L. , Cumming Mathew H. , Oulavallickal Tifany , Roberts Nicholas J. , Arcus Vickery L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractExtracellular nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) are enzymes that hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides to the respective monophosphate nucleotides. In the past 20 years, NTPDases belonging to mammalian, parasitic and prokaryotic domains of life have been discovered, cloned and characterized. We reveal the first structures of NTPDases from the legume plant species Trifolium repens (7WC) and Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica (DbLNP). Four crystal structures of 7WC and DbLNP were determined at resolutions between 1.9 and 2.6 Å. For 7WC, structures were determined for an ‐apo form (1.89 Å) and with the product AMP (2.15 Å) and adenine and phosphate (1.76 Å) bound. For DbLNP, a structure was solved with phosphate and manganese bound (2.60 Å). Thorough kinetic data and analysis is presented. The structure of 7WC and DbLNP reveals that these NTPDases can adopt two conformations depending on the molecule and co‐factor bound in the active site. A central hinge region creates a “butterfly‐like” motion of the domains that reduces the width of the inter‐domain active site cleft upon molecule binding. This phenomenon has been previously described in Rattus norvegicus and Legionella pneumophila NTPDaseI and Toxoplasma gondii NTPDaseIII suggesting a common catalytic mechanism across the domains of life.
Spin‐driven pyroelectricity in Ni3TeO6 without ferroelectric signatures of the transition at Néel temperature
Authors: Zhao L. , Du C.‐H. , Komarek A. C. 
Published: May 2017

Here we report on dielectric studies on Ni3TeO6. We confirm the spin‐driven pyroelectric transition at the Néel temperature (TN) of ∼52.5 K. The measurement of single crystalline and polycrystalline samples excludes a ferroelectric nature of the transition at TN in this compound. The excellent pyroelectric properties without any intrinsic ferroelectric hysteresis make Ni3TeO6 appropriate for applications in future devices.Pyroelectric measurements on our Ni3TeO6 single crystals. The polarization that appears on cooling through TN can not be inverted by opposite poling fields (applied when cooling from above TN to base temperature).
Wheatgrass‐Derived Polysaccharide Has Antiinflammatory, Anti‐Oxidative and Anti‐Apoptotic Effects on LPS‐Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice
Authors: Nepali Sarmila , Ki Hyeon‐Hui , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Lee Hoon‐Yeon , Kim Dae‐Ki , Lee Young‐Mi 
Published: May 2017

Hepatic injury occurs frequently during sepsis, and polysaccharides isolated from plants have been reported to have antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects in various models. However, the effect of wheatgrass‐derived polysaccharide (WGP) has not been previously studied. In the present study, we investigated the effect of WGP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced hepatic injury in mice. Mice were pre‐treated with WGP (100 or 200 mg/kg daily for 2 days) and then challenged with LPS (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), and sacrificed after 12 h. Wheatgrass‐derived polysaccharide decreased serum aminotransferase levels and histological changes as compared with LPS‐challenged mice. Wheatgrass‐derived polysaccharide also significantly inhibited LPS‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokine up‐regulation and improved the oxidative status of liver tissues. Furthermore, these effects were found to be mediated by the suppression of the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), due to inhibitions of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β)‐activated kinase (TAK)‐1 phosphorylation and inhibition of kappa B (IκB)‐α degradation. In addition, WGP inhibited the activations of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Wheatgrass‐derived polysaccharide also attenuated hepatic cell death by modulating caspase‐3 and apoptosis associated mitochondrial proteins, such as, B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) and Bcl‐2‐associated X (Bax). Taken together, WGP possesses antiinflammatory, anti‐oxidant and anti‐apoptotic activity and ameliorates LPS‐induced liver injury in mice. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Madden—Julian Oscillation prediction and teleconnections in the S2S database
Authors: Vitart Frédéric 
Published: May 2017

The Madden—Julian Oscillation (MJO) has been diagnosed in the World Weather Research Program (WWRP)/World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Sub‐seasonal to Seasonal prediction project (S2S) database using the Wheeler and Hendon index over the common hindcast period 1999—2010. The S2S models display skill to predict the MJO over a period between two and four weeks. The majority of S2S models tend to produce a weaker MJO than in ERA‐Interim, with a phase speed decreasing with lead time.All the S2S models produce realistic patterns of MJO teleconnections at 500 hPa, with an increased probability of positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) following an active MJO over the Indian Ocean and of negative NAO following an active MJO over the West Pacific. However, the amplitude of the MJO teleconnection patterns are significantly weaker than in ERA‐Interim over the Euro‐Atlantic sector and are often too strong over the western North Pacific. Models with lower horizontal resolution tend to produce weaker teleconnections. In the lower stratosphere, several S2S models produce teleconnections which are too strong compared to ERA‐Interim. These results suggest that, although the S2S models display significant skill in predicting the MJO propagation beyond two weeks, all the S2S models do not fully exploit the predictability associated with the MJO in the Northern Extratropics, particularly over Europe.
Heat, health, and humidity in Australia's monsoon tropics: a critical review of the problematization of ‘heat’ in a changing climate
Authors: Oppermann Elspeth , Brearley Matt , Law Lisa , Smith James A. , Clough Alan , Zander Kerstin 
Published: May 2017

Exposure to heat has killed more people in Australia than all other natural hazards combined. As the climate warms, temperatures are projected to rise substantially, increasing the impact of heat stress and heat illness nation‐wide. The relation between heat and health is profoundly complex, however, and is understood differently across multiple sectors. This paper thus provides a critical review of how heat is currently measured and managed in Australia, highlighting how humidity, exposure, and exertion are key elements that are not consistently incorporated into ‘problematizations’ of heat. The presence or absence of these elements produces different spatial and temporal geographies of danger, as well as different governance practices. In particular, the invisibility of humidity as having a significant impact on heat and health shapes whether Australia's tropical monsoon zone is visible as a region at risk or not, and whether prolonged periods of seasonal heat are treated as dangerous. Similarly, different populations and practices become visible depending on whether the human body (its exposure, exertion, cooling, and hydration) is included in accounts of what constitutes ‘heat.’ As a result, the outdoor, manual workforce is visible as a population at risk in some accounts but not others. A brief review of key policy areas including housing, public health and work health and safety is presented to demonstrate how specific problematizations of heat are critical to the identification of, and response to, current and future climatic conditions. This has implications for how populations, places, and practices are constituted in the region. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e468. doi: 10.1002/wcc.468This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and Responses
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and Adaptation
Policy and Governance > Governing Climate Change in Communities, Cities, and Regions
Oral nucleic acid therapy using multicompartmental delivery systems
Authors: Attarwala Husain , Han Murui , Kim Jonghan , Amiji Mansoor 
Published: May 2017

Nucleic acid‐based therapeutics has the potential for treating numerous diseases by correcting abnormal expression of specific genes. Lack of safe and efficacious delivery strategies poses a major obstacle limiting clinical advancement of nucleic acid therapeutics. Oral route of drug administration has greater delivery challenges, because the administered genes or oligonucleotides have to bypass degrading environment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in addition to overcoming other cellular barriers preventing nucleic acid delivery. For efficient oral nucleic acid delivery, vector should be such that it can protect encapsulated material during transit through the GI tract, facilitate efficient uptake and intracellular trafficking at desired target sites, along with being safe and well tolerated. In this review, we have discussed multicompartmental systems for overcoming extracellular and intracellular barriers to oral delivery of nucleic acids. A nanoparticles‐in‐microsphere oral system‐based multicompartmental system was developed and tested for in vivo gene and small interfering RNA delivery for treating colitis in mice. This system has shown efficient transgene expression or gene silencing when delivered orally along with favorable downstream anti‐inflammatory effects, when tested in a mouse model of intestinal bowel disease. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2018, 10:e1478. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1478This article is categorized under:

Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid‐Based Structures
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Nanotherapeutic systems for local treatment of brain tumors
Authors: Chakroun Rami Walid , Zhang Pengcheng , Lin Ran , Schiapparelli Paula , Quinones‐Hinojosa Alfredo , Cui Honggang 
Published: May 2017

Malignant brain tumor, including the most common type glioblastoma, are histologically heterogeneous and invasive tumors known as the most devastating neoplasms with high morbidity and mortality. Despite multimodal treatment including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, the disease inevitably recurs and is fatal. This lack of curative options has motivated researchers to explore new treatment strategies and to develop new drug delivery systems (DDSs); however, the unique anatomical, physiological, and pathological features of brain tumors greatly limit the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy. In this context, we review the recent progress in the development of nanoparticle‐based DDSs aiming to address the key challenges in transporting sufficient amount of therapeutic agents into the brain tumor areas while minimizing the potential side effects. We first provide an overview of the standard treatments currently used in the clinic for the management of brain cancers, discussing the effectiveness and limitations of each therapy. We then provide an in‐depth review of nanotherapeutic systems that are intended to bypass the blood–brain barrier, overcome multidrug resistance, infiltrate larger tumorous tissue areas, and/or release therapeutic agents in a controlled manner. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2018, 10:e1479. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1479This article is categorized under:

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
International product life cycles, trade and development stages
Authors: Audretsch David , Sanders Mark , Zhang Lu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this paper we first propose a proxy for early stage activity in a country’s exports based on product life cycle theory. Employing a conditional latent class model, we then examine the relationship between this measure and economic growth for 93 countries during the period 1988–2005. We find that the impact of early stage activity differs across three clusters of countries. And we find that GDP levels can predict the cluster and the sign of the coefficient in a non-linear manner. In the richest countries, exporting products that are in an early stage of their product life cycle is associated with higher growth rates. In contrast, we find a cluster of middle income countries with high growth rates that grow faster by exporting more mature products that are in the later stages of their life cycle. Finally, early stage activity has no significant impact on growth in the cluster of the poorest, developing countries. Countries in early stages of development should focus on acquiring market share in mature markets with routine technologies whereas emerging economies face the challenge of at some point switching from copying mature to inventing new products as they approach the global technology frontier. At that frontier they must join the advanced economies who specialise in early stage innovative products to stay ahead of increasing competition from abroad.
Association between circulating oxidized low‐density lipoprotein and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Gao Shen , Liu Jing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive disease which eventually leads to coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke and other atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Numerous studies have demonstrated an atherogenic role of oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) in the progression of ASCVD. This article briefly reviews the atherogenic mechanism of ox‐LDL, the methods of measuring ox‐LDL in the circulation, effect of medical therapy and life‐style modification on ox‐LDL level, and the association between circulating ox‐LDL and atherosclerosis, including clinical ASCVD events and subclinical atherosclerosis, in observational studies.
Verrucous carcinoma at ileostomy site
Authors: Dhakre Vijay , Nagral Sanjay 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe describe of a case, a 50 year old male who was operated for carcinoma of the descending colon and diverting loop ileostomy, developed a fungating lesion in mucocutaneous junction of ileostomy after one year which on histology revealed to be a Verrucous carcinoma.