bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of the exceptional point in cavity magnon-polaritons
Authors: Zhang Dengke , Luo Xiao-Qing , Wang Yi-Pu , Li Tie-Fu , You J. Q. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMagnon–polaritons are hybrid light–matter quasiparticles originating from the strong coupling between magnons and photons. They have emerged as a potential candidate for implementing quantum transducers and memories. Owing to the dampings of both photons and magnons, the polaritons have limited lifetimes. However, stationary magnon–polariton states can be reached by a dynamical balance between pumping and losses, so the intrinsically nonequilibrium system may be described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. Here we design a tunable cavity quantum electrodynamics system with a small ferromagnetic sphere in a microwave cavity and engineer the dissipations of photons and magnons to create cavity magnon–polaritons which have non-Hermitian spectral degeneracies. By tuning the magnon–photon coupling strength, we observe the polaritonic coherent perfect absorption and demonstrate the phase transition at the exceptional point. Our experiment offers a novel macroscopic quantum platform to explore the non-Hermitian physics of the cavity magnon–polaritons.
Total morphosynthesis of biomimetic prismatic-type CaCO3 thin films
Authors: Xiao Chuanlian , Li Ming , Wang Bingjun , Liu Ming-Feng , Shao Changyu , Pan Haihua , Lu Yong , Xu Bin-Bin , Li Siwei , Zhan Da , Jiang Yuan , Tang Ruikang , Liu Xiang Yang , Cölfen Helmut 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBiomimetic mineralization can lead to advanced crystalline composites with common chemicals under ambient conditions. An exceptional example is biomimetic nacre with its superior fracture toughness. The synthesis of the prismatic layer with stiffness and wear resistance nonetheless remains an elusive goal. Herein, we apply a biomimetic mineralization method to grow prismatic-type CaCO3 thin films, mimicking their biogenic counterparts found in mollusk shells with a three-step pathway: coating a polymer substrate, deposition of a granular transition layer, and mineralization of a prismatic overlayer. The synthetic prismatic overlayers exhibit structural similarity and comparable hardness and Young’s modulus to their biogenic counterparts. Furthermore, employment of a biomacromolecular soluble additive, silk fibroin, in fabrication of the prismatic thin films leads to micro-/nano-textures with enhanced toughness and emerging under-water superoleophobicity. This study highlights the crucial role of the granular transition layer in promoting competition growth of the prismatic layer.
In situ real-time gravimetric and viscoelastic probing of surface films formation on lithium batteries electrodes
Authors: Dargel Vadim , Shpigel Netanel , Sigalov Sergey , Nayak Prasant , Levi Mikhael D. , Daikhin Leonid , Aurbach Doron 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIt is generally accepted that solid–electrolyte interphase formed on the surface of lithium-battery electrodes play a key role in controlling their cycling performance. Although a large variety of surface-sensitive spectroscopies and microscopies were used for their characterization, the focus was on surface species nature rather than on the mechanical properties of the surface films. Here we report a highly sensitive method of gravimetric and viscoelastic probing of the formation of surface films on composite Li4Ti5O12 electrode coupled with lithium ions intercalation into this electrode. Electrochemical quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring measurements were performed with LiTFSI, LiPF6, and LiPF6 + 2% vinylene carbonate solutions from which structural parameters of the surface films were returned by fitting to a multilayer viscoelastic model. Only a few fast cycles are required to qualify surface films on Li4Ti5O12 anode improving in the sequence LiPF6 < LiPF6 + 2% vinylene carbonate << LiTFSI.
Developmental diet regulates Drosophila lifespan via lipid autotoxins
Authors: Stefana M. Irina , Driscoll Paul C. , Obata Fumiaki , Pengelly Ana Raquel , Newell Clare L. , MacRae James I. , Gould Alex P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEarly-life nourishment exerts long-term influences upon adult physiology and disease risk. These lasting effects of diet are well established but the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. Here we show that restricting dietary yeast during Drosophila development can, depending upon the subsequent adult environment, more than double median lifespan. Developmental diet acts via a long-term influence upon the adult production of toxic molecules, which we term autotoxins, that are shed into the environment and shorten the lifespan of both sexes. Autotoxins are synthesised by oenocytes and some of them correspond to alkene hydrocarbons that also act as pheromones. This study identifies a mechanism by which the developmental dietary history of an animal regulates its own longevity and that of its conspecific neighbours. It also has important implications for the design of lifespan experiments as autotoxins can influence the regulation of longevity by other factors including diet, sex, insulin signalling and population density.
Topological superconductivity in metal/quantum-spin-ice heterostructures
Authors: She Jian-Huang , Kim Choong H. , Fennie Craig J. , Lawler Michael J. , Kim Eun-Ah 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe propose a strategy to achieve an unconventional superconductor in a heterostructure: use a quantum paramagnet (QPM) as a substrate for heterostructure growth of metallic films to design exotic superconductors. The proposed setup allows us to “customize” electron–electron interaction imprinted on the metallic layer. The QPM material of our choice is quantum spin ice. Assuming the metallic layer forms a single isotropic Fermi pocket, we predict its coupling to spin fluctuations in quantum spin ice will drive topological odd-parity pairing. We further present guiding principles for materializing the suitable heterostructure using ab initio calculations and describe the band structure we predict for the case of Y2Sn2−x
Sb
x
O7 grown on the (111) surface of Pr2Zr2O7. Using this microscopic information, we predict topological odd-parity superconductivity at a few Kelvin in this heterostructure, which is comparable to the T
c
of the only other confirmed odd-parity superconductor Sr2RuO4.
Four years post-horsegate: an update of measures and actions put in place following the horsemeat incident of 2013
Authors: Brooks Stephanie , Elliott Christopher T. , Spence Michelle , Walsh Christine , Dean Moira 
Published: November 2017

AbstractComplexities in food supply chains were highlighted by the so called ‘horsegate’ crisis in 2013, where beef meat was fraudulently adulterated with horse meat causing widespread recalls and subsequent investigations across both retail and food service markets in the European Union (EU). The beef supply chain is a complex supply chain, with global (EU and Non EU) sourcing strategies in order to secure supply. However, managing these complex supply chains can be difficult and consequentially can expose vulnerabilities similar to that of horsemeat, where horsemeat was found in beef meat within EU supply chains. Six months after the crisis broke, an independent review into the integrity and assurance of food supply networks was commissioned by the UK government and undertaken by Professor Chris Elliott of Queen’s University, Belfast. The review recommended eight pillars of food integrity to industry and government: consumers first, zero tolerance, intelligence gathering, laboratory services, audit, government support, leadership and crisis management. This article examines the extent to which these recommendations have been implemented using personal communications from Professor Chris Elliott and relevant industry bodies. Following the review, industry attitudes have changed substantially, testing and surveillance systems have been integrated into normal industry practice and the government is more prepared for future incidents through the establishment of the National Food Crime Unit (NFCU). Horsegate raised the profile of food fraud and crime in supply chains and despite improvements to date, further collaboration between industry and government is required in order to align fully with the recommendations.
Multipartite viruses: adaptive trick or evolutionary treat?
Authors: Lucía-Sanz Adriana , Manrubia Susanna 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMultipartitism counts amongst the weirdest lifestyles found in the virosphere. Multipartite viruses have genomes segmented in pieces enclosed in different capsids that are independently transmitted. Since all segments have to meet in the host for complementation and completion of the viral cycle, multipartite viruses are bound to fight the loss of genomic information. While this is an obvious disadvantage of this strategy, no consensus on its actual advantages has been reached. In this review we present an exhaustive summary of all multipartite viruses described to date. Based on evidence, we discuss possible mechanistic and evolutionary origins of different groups, as well as their mutual relationships. We argue that the ubiquitous interactions of viruses with other unrelated viruses and with subviral elements might be regarded as a plausible first step towards multipartitism. In agreement with the view of the Virosphere as a deeply entangled network of gene sharing, we contend that the power of multipartitism relies on its dynamical and opportunistic nature, because it enables immediate adaptive responses to environmental changes. As such, perhaps the reasons for its success should be shought in multipartitism itself as an adaptive mechanism, to which its evolutionarily short-lived products (that is, the extant ensemble of multipartite viral species) are subordinated. We close by discussing how our understanding of multipartitism would improve by using concepts and tools from systems biology.
Hall sensors batch-fabricated on all-CVD h-BN/graphene/h-BN heterostructures
Authors: Dankert André , Karpiak Bogdan , Dash Saroj P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe two-dimensional (2D) material graphene is highly promising for Hall sensors due to its potential of having high charge carrier mobility and low carrier concentration at room temperature. Here, we report the scalable batch-fabrication of magnetic Hall sensors on graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) using commercially available large area CVD grown materials. The all-CVD grown h-BN/graphene/h-BN van der Waals heterostructures were prepared by layer transfer technique and Hall sensors were batch-fabricated with 1D edge metal contacts. The current-related Hall sensitivities up to 97 V/AT are measured at room temperature. The Hall sensors showed robust performance over the wafer scale with stable characteristics over six months in ambient environment. This work opens avenues for further development of growth and fabrication technologies of all-CVD 2D material heterostructures and allows further improvements in Hall sensor performance for practical applications.
A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Two Mucin Secretogogues for the Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome in Office Workers
Authors: Shimazaki Jun , Seika Den , Saga Masamichi , Fukagawa Kazumi , Sakata Miki , Iwasaki Miki , Okano Takashi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to compare the two mucin secretogogues, diquafosol (DQS) and rebamipide (RBM), for the treatment of dry eye syndrome (DES) in office workers. Dry eye patients using computers for >4 h/day were randomly assigned treatment with either DQS or RBM. Main outcomes measures included changes in tear film break-up time (TBUT) and subjective symptoms assessed by the Dry Eye-Related Quality of Life Score (DEQS). The subjects had scheduled examinations at 0 and 4 weeks, and the examinations at 2 and 8 weeks were optional. Changes in keratoconjunctival fluorescein score and a patient satisfaction questionnaire were also recorded. Both groups showed significant improvements in the DEQS scores at 2, 4, and 8 weeks following the initiation of the study. Both groups showed significant increases in the TBUT at 2 and 4 weeks. No significant difference was found between the DQS and RBM groups at any time periods. Patients reported more comfort with the use of DQS compared with the use of RBM. No local or systemic side effects were noted. The results of the present study indicated that both DQS and RBM were effective for the treatment of DES in office workers.
Effect of Substrate symmetry on the dendrite morphology of MoS2 Film synthesized by CVD
Authors: Wu Di , Min Tai , Zhou Jian , Li Chen , Ma Guobin , Lu Gaotian , Xia Minggang , Gu Zhengbin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn van der Waals epitaxial growth, the substrate plays a particularly important role in the crystal morphology. Here, we synthesized MoS2 by chemical vapour deposition on silicon carbide (SiC). The obtained MoS2 dendritic crystals show six-fold symmetry, which are different from the conventional triangular shapes on SiO2 substrate and from those with three-fold symmetry on SrTiO3 substrate. Interestingly, these MoS2 dendritic crystals on SiC exhibit an average fractal dimension 1.76, which is slightly larger than the classical Diffusion-limited-Aggregation fractal dimension 1.66. The first principle calculation indicates that the six-fold symmetry of the dendritic MoS2 is determined by the lattice symmetry of SiC. To further demonstrating the substrate effect, we break the natural six-fold lattice symmetry of SiC (0001) into groove arrays through etching the substrate. And then we successfully synthesized cross-type dendritic crystal MoS2 with two-fold symmetry. Its average fractal dimension 1.83 is slightly larger than the fractal dimension 1.76 of the previous MoS2 dendrite with six-fold symmetry. In a word, the symmetry of SiC substrate determined the symmetry and the fractal dimension of the dendritic MoS2. This work provides one possibility of inducing the growth orientation of dendritic crystals through controlling the substrate surface symmetry artificially.
Identification of low oxygen-tolerating bacteria in prostate secretions of cancer patients and discussion of possible aetiological significance
Authors: Bhudia Roshni , Ahmad Amar , Akpenyi Onyinye , Whiley Angela , Wilks Mark , Oliver Tim 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe microaerophylic organism Propionibacterium acnes has shown consistent association with prostate cancer (PC). Studies linking circumcision with reduced PC further support anaerobes involvement as circumcision reduces anaerobe colonisation on the glans penis. A 1988 study linked anaerobes with PC but considered them as opportunists in necrotic tumour. A hypothesis that a “Helicobacter-like” process causes PC justified this pilot study. Active surveillance patients were enrolled. Post-prostate massage urine samples were screened using the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) technique for bacterial identification after culture in anaerobic and aerobic conditions. 8 out of 18 patients (41%) had either obligate anaerobic (n = 5) or microaerophilic (n = 4, one of whom also had anaerobes) organisms identified. None of 10 control samples contained obligate anaerobes. Although mean PSA was 63% higher in those with low oxygen tolerating bacteria, two high outliers resulted in this difference being non-significant. Given the substantially higher proportion of PC patients with organisms growing in a low concentration of oxygen when combined with previous studies compared to controls, the degree of significance was as high as smoking 5–9 cigarettes a day and needs further investigation. Translational research in trials combining Vitamin D and aspirin have begun as part of such investigation.
Acupuncture points can be identified as cutaneous neurogenic inflammatory spots
Authors: Kim Do-Hee , Ryu Yeonhee , Hahm Dae Hyun , Sohn Boo Yong , Shim Insop , Kwon O. Sang , Chang Suchan , Gwak Young Seob , Kim Min Sun , Kim Jae Hyo , Lee Bong Hyo , Jang Eun Young , Zhao Rongjie , Chung Jin Mo , Yang Chae Ha , Kim Hee Young 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAcupuncture, a traditional medical procedure practised for over 2000 years in Asia, stimulates specific but poorly defined sites called acupoints. To date, no unique anatomical acupoint structures have been found. However, noxious sensory signals from visceral organs produce hypersensitive spots on the skin (neurogenic spots), caused by cutaneous neurogenic inflammation, in the dermatome that overlaps with visceral afferent innervations. Here, we show that an acupoint is one form of neurogenic inflammation on the skin. Various studies have demonstrated that acupoints show mechanical hypersensitivity and have high electrical conductance. Stimulation of acupoints produces needling sensations caused by the activation of small diameter afferent nerve fibres and therapeutic effects on the associated visceral organs, which is likely due to the release of endogenous opioids. The present study provides experimental evidence that neurogenic spots exhibit all the characteristics of the acupoints listed above. In addition, the stimulation of neurogenic spots by electrical, mechanical, or chemical means alleviated pathological conditions in rat colitis and hypertension models via the endogenous opioid system. Our results suggest that acupoints associated with internal organs may be identical to neurogenic inflammatory spots on the skin, which are produced by activation of somatic afferents in abnormal conditions of visceral organs.
Control of evaporation by geometry in capillary structures. From confined pillar arrays in a gap radial gradient to phyllotaxy-inspired geometry
Authors: Chen Chen , Duru Paul , Joseph Pierre , Geoffroy Sandrine , Prat Marc 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEvaporation is a key phenomenon in the natural environment and in many technological systems involving capillary structures. Understanding the evaporation front dynamics enables the evaporation rate from microfluidic devices and porous media to be finely controlled. Of particular interest is the ability to control the position of the front through suitable design of the capillary structure. Here, we show how to design model capillary structures in microfluidic devices so as to control the drying kinetics. This is achieved by acting on the spatial organization of the constrictions that influence the invasion of the structure by the gas phase. Two types of control are demonstrated. The first is intended to control the sequence of primary invasions through the pore space, while the second aims to control the secondary liquid structures: films, bridges, etc., that can form in the region of pore space invaded by the gas phase. It is shown how the latter can be obtained from phyllotaxy-inspired geometry. Our study thus opens up a route toward the control of the evaporation kinetics by means of tailored capillary structures.
Structural basis of small molecule ATPase inhibition of a human mitotic kinesin motor protein
Authors: Park Hee-Won , Ma Zhujun , Zhu Haizhong , Jiang Shimin , Robinson Robert C. , Endow Sharyn A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractKinesin microtubule motor proteins play essential roles in division, including attaching chromosomes to spindles and crosslinking microtubules for spindle assembly. Human kinesin-14 KIFC1 is unique in that cancer cells with amplified centrosomes are dependent on the motor for viable division because of its ability to cluster centrosomes and form bipolar spindles, but it is not required for division in almost all normal cells. Screens for small molecule inhibitors of KIFC1 have yielded several candidates for further development, but obtaining structural data to determine their sites of binding has been difficult. Here we compare a previously unreported KIFC1 crystal structure with new structures of two closely related kinesin-14 proteins, Ncd and KIFC3, to determine the potential binding site of a known KIFC1 ATPase inhibitor, AZ82. We analyze the previously identified kinesin inhibitor binding sites and identify features of AZ82 that favor binding to one of the sites, the α4/α6 site. This selectivity can be explained by unique structural features of the KIFC1 α4/α6 binding site. These features may help improve the drug-like properties of AZ82 and other specific KIFC1 inhibitors.
The gliadin peptide 31-43 exacerbates kainate neurotoxicity in epilepsy models
Authors: Gerace Elisabetta , Resta Francesco , Landucci Elisa , Renzi Daniela , Masi Alessio , Pellegrini-Giampietro Domenico E. , Calabrò Antonio , Mannaioni Guido 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMany neurological disorders of gluten-related diseases (GRD), not directly referable to the gastrointestinal tract, have been reported in association with celiac disease (CD), including ataxia, neuropathy and epilepsy. In particular, people with epilepsy diagnosed with CD seems to be characterized by intractable seizure. In these patients, gluten restriction diet has resulted in a reduction of both seizure frequency and antiepileptic medication. Many hypotheses have been suggested, however, molecular mechanisms that associates GRD and epileptogenesis are yet unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of the toxic gliadin peptide 31-43 in in vivo and in vitro models of kainate-induced-epilepsy. We observed that p31-43 exacerbates kainate neurotoxicity in epilepsy models, through the involvement of the enzymatic activity of transglutaminases. Moreover, electrophysiological recordings in CA3 pyramidal neurons of organotypic hippocampal slices show that p31-43 increases the inward current induced by kainate, the average sEPSC amplitude and the total number of evoked action potentials when applicated alone, thus suggesting that p31-43 is able to influence CA3-CA1 neurotransmission and can potentiate postsynaptic kainate receptors. Our results suggest a possible mechanism underlying the relationship between GRD and epilepsy through a potentiation of kainate-induced neurotoxicity and links the toxic effects of gluten to epilepsy.
The photoelastic coefficient $${P}_{12}$$ of H+ implanted GaAs as a function of defect density
Authors: Baydin Andrey , Krzyzanowska Halina , Gatamov Rustam , Garnett Joy , Tolk Norman 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe photoelastic phenomenon has been widely investigated as a fundamental elastooptical property of solids. This effect has been applied extensively to study stress distribution in lattice-mismatched semiconductor heterostructures. GaAs based optoelectronic devices (e.g. solar cells, modulators, detectors, and diodes) used in space probes are subject to damage arising from energetic proton (H+) irradiation. For that reason, the effect of proton irradiation on photoelastic coefficients of GaAs is of primary importance to space applied optoelectronics. However, there yet remains a lack of systematic studies of energetic proton induced changes in the photoelastic properties of bulk GaAs. In this work, the H+ energy and fluence chosen for GaAs implantation are similar to that of protons originating from the radiation belts and solar flares. We present the depth-dependent photoelastic coefficient $${P}_{12}$$

P

12

profile in non-annealed H+ implanted GaAs obtained from the analysis of the time-domain Brillouin scattering spectra. The depth-dependent profiles are found to be broader than the defect distribution profiles predicted by Monte Carlo simulations. This fact indicates that the changes in photoelastic coefficient $${P}_{12}$$

P

12

depend nonlinearly on the defect concentrations created by the hydrogen implantation. These studies provide insight into the spatial extent to which defects influence photoelastic properties of GaAs.