bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Coherence Tomography of Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using Extreme Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Wiesner Felix , Abel Johann J. , Hussain Muhammad , Krishna Vipin , Cadore Alisson R. , Felipe Juan P. G. , Valencia Ana M. , Wünsche Martin , Reinhard Julius , Gruenewald Marco , Cocchi Caterina , Paulus Gerhard G. , Soavi Giancarlo , Fuchs Silvio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNew experimental methods with high out‐of‐plane spatial sensitivity combined with ultrafast temporal resolution can revolutionize the understanding of charge‐ and heat‐transfer dynamics occurring at interfaces. In this work, a step forward is taken in this direction by applying coherence tomography with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light to different van der Waals heterostructures, which enables a 3D sample reconstruction with nanoscopic axial resolution. Furthermore, the measurements and, more in general, the approach is confirmed by ab initio calculations of the refractive index of layered materials that we compare to existing databases of empirical data. The EUV coherence tomography contrast is estimated in a broad spectral range (photon energy 65 –100 eV). This work sets the basis for the development of a new spectroscopy tool that, thanks to the temporal profile of EUV light sources and the high axial resolution of coherence tomography, can become the ideal probe of ultrafast processes occurring in van der Waals heterostructures and buried nanoscale opto‐electronic devices.
Paper‐Based RNase Digestion toward Viral Nucleic Acid Self‐Tests
Authors: Chondrogiannis Georgios , Toldrà Anna , Hanze Martin , Hamedi Mahiar Max 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHome‐based Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) for viral infections would be an important step to improve public health, but sample preparation remains an important obstacle, particularly for the protection of target RNA from RNases in samples. Here, a new method for RNase deactivation in saliva samples is presented. This method uses Proteinase K (PK) immobilized on nitrocellulose membrane to store and deliver the enzyme, capable of digesting nucleases present in the sample. The immobilized PK is also separated from the amplification reagents, so that it does not disrupt DNA amplification, thus omitting the need for heat‐deactivation or dilution steps. Treatment by PK nitrocellulose at 50 °C dramatically decreases the RNase activity of RNase A, in diluted saliva samples, and even shows promising results at 42 °C. The potential of this method to protect RNA from digestion is further demonstrated, by pretreating diluted saliva samples spiked with Influenza Virus A (IVA) genomic RNA, which allows its amplification and colorimetric detection by lateral flow strips. In the absence of PK pretreatment, the RNA is digested by RNase, which leads to false negative results. These findings show that immobilized PK enables the integration of sample preparation of viral samples toward home‐based NAATs.
Roles of Cocatalysts in Biomass Photo(electro)refining
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Wenping , Wang Jiu , Jing Liquan , Li Pandeng , Zhang Hongguang , Fan Yingying , Wang Hui , Chen Zhangxin , Hu Jinguang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotosynthesis converts solar energy, carbon dioxide, and water into biomass, offering a renewable energy and chemical source. Biomass photo(electro)refining (BPeR) emerges as a sustainable alternative to petrochemicals for fuel and chemical production. However, BPeR faces challenges due to photocatalyst limitations, necessitating the integration of cocatalysts. Cocatalysts significantly impact the efficiency, selectivity, and durability of BPeR reactions, yet their roles require systematic elucidation and understanding. This review explores how cocatalysts impact the carbon bond functionalization, cleavage, and formation in biomass and its derivatives. It discusses their crucial roles in charge carrier generation, separation, and transportation, particularly in catalyzing surface reactions such as hydrogen‐involved reactions, generation, and manipulation of oxygen or carbon radicals, and the C─C/O/H bond transformations. Additionally, it outlines challenges and prospects for developing cocatalysts to enhance BPeR efficiency and durability, boosting the viability of biomass as a sustainable source of energy and materials.
Long‐term comparison of targeted soil test values and crop removal as a phosphorus fertilization strategy in corn
Authors: Patel Swetabh , Shapiro Charles , Iqbal Javed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFinding effective phosphorus (P) recommendation strategies to optimize corn (Zea mays L.) yield under varying yield levels and environmental conditions is continuously sought after. A 16‐year study was conducted in Concord, NE, on Nora silt loam soil initially measuring 16 ± 3 mg kg−1 Bray‐1 P. The study evaluated the impact of different P fertilization strategies on corn yield across various growing conditions (dry, normal, and wet years). Treatments included no P or N (NPNN), no P (NP), P applied at crop removal phosphorus (CRP), and maintaining soil P at 15 (B15), 30 (B30), and 45 (B45) mg kg−1 Bray‐1 P, with similar nitrogen (N) rates except for NPNN. Results showed a 25% and 33% reduction in soil test phosphorus (STP) for NPNN and NP treatments, respectively. The total P required by B30 and B45 treatments was 1.8 times more than that for CRP and B15. Although B30 and B45 treatments increased corn grain P concentration by 6%–12% compared to B15 and CRP, they did not increase yields in normal and dry years. The NP led to yield reductions of 9% and 12% in normal and wet years, respectively. In contrast, CRP achieved an 8% higher yield than B15 during wet years. Economic analysis revealed that B45 yielded a 56% higher net return in normal years, while CRP offered the highest return on investment (ROI) at 4.9. This study highlights the complexity of managing soil P under varying environmental conditions, emphasizing that while maintaining higher STP levels (B30 and B45) can enhance grain P concentration, it does not significantly boost yield and ROI compared to CRP and B15.
Metallo‐Supramolecular Helicates as Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Substrates with High Tailorability
Authors: Song Bo , Zhang Zhonghui , Dou Weitao , Zhao Xiaoli , Niu Yanfei , Wang Chen , Li Chunchun , Nitschke Jonathan R. , Tian Yang , Yang Hai‐Bo , Xu Lin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe exploration of novel functionalized supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) can enable new applications in domains that include purification and sensing. In this study, employing a coordination‐driven self‐assembly strategy, we designed and prepared a series of benzochalcogenodiazole‐based metallohelicates as high‐efficiency charge‐transfer surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates, expanding the range of applications for these metallohelicates. Through structural modifications, including the substitution of single heteroatoms on ligands, replacement of coordinating metals, and alteration of ligand framework linkages, the Raman performance of these metallohelicates as substrates were systematically optimized. Notably, the SERS enhancement factors (EFs) of the metallohelicate‐based SERS substrates were significantly enhanced to levels as high as 1.03×107, which rivals the EFs of noble metals devoid of “hot spots”. Additionally, the underlying Raman enhancement mechanisms of these metallohelicates have been investigated through a combination of control experiments and theoretical calculations. This study not only demonstrates the utility of metallohelicates as SERS substrates but also offers insights and materials for the development of high‐efficiency new charge‐transfer SERS substrates.
A Supramolecular Deep Eutectic Electrolyte Enhancing Interfacial Stability and Solution Phase Discharge in Li−O2 Batteries
Authors: Sun Wen , Zhang Fengling , Lai Jingning , Li Bohua , Hu Xin , Gui Boshun , Chen Nuo , Guo Xingming , Li Zhujie , Chen Nan , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLi−O2 batteries (LOBs) have gained widespread recognition for their exceptional energy densities. However, a major challenge faced by LOBs is the lack of appropriate electrolytes that can effectively balance reactant transport, interfacial compatibility, and non‐volatility. To address this issue, a novel supramolecular deep eutectic electrolyte (DEE) has been developed, based on synergistic interaction between Li‐bonds and H‐bonds through a combination of lithium salt (LiTFSI), acetamide (Ace) and boric acid (BA). The incorporation of BA serves as an interface modification additive, acting as both Li‐bonds acceptor and H‐bonds donor/acceptor, thereby enhancing the redox stability of the electrolyte, facilitating a solution phase discharge process and improving compatibility with the Li anode. Our proposed DEE demonstrates a high oxidation voltage of 4.5 V, an ultrahigh discharge capacity of 15225 mAh g−1 and stable cycling performance of 196 cycles in LOBs. Additionally, the intrinsic non‐flammability and successful operation of a Li−O2 pouch cell indicate promising practical applications of this electrolyte. This research broadens the design possibilities for LOBs electrolytes and provides theoretical insights for future studies.
Effect of calcium silicate on foaming and anti‐shrinkage behavior of thermoplastic polyamide elastomers: Revelation of the open‐cell mechanism
Authors: Ma Yufei , Zhai Yujiao , Zhao Yuyin , Xin Chunling , He Yadong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE)/calcium silicate (CaSiO3) open‐cell foam with low shrinkage and high expansion ratio was prepared by using supercritical CO2 as a blowing agent. Adding CaSiO3 led to increased melt viscoelasticity and reduced crystallinity of TPAE. The primary mechanism of CaSiO3 promoting TPAE foam to form the open‐cell structure was discussed. The interaction between CaSiO3 and TPAE is fragile, making CaSiO3 easy to fall off the cell wall and form the open‐cell structure during foaming process. The increasing CaSiO3 content leads to increased cell density and thinned cell walls, thus increasing the tensile stress on cell wall. On the other hand, the agglomeration of CaSiO3 increases particle size, making it easier to fall off from the adhesion of TPAE matrix. The two aspects work together to improve the open‐cell content of TPAE foam up to 93.28%. The open‐cell structure is conducive to increasing the gas exchange rate and significantly decreasing foam shrinkage ratio. Finally, TPAE foam with a shrinkage ratio of only 2.68% and an expansion ratio of 18.77 times was obtained. In addition, open‐cell structure improves the adsorption performance of TPAE/CaSiO3 foam by 500%.
Synthesis and characterization of linear hybrid aliphatic/aromatic copolyurea via one‐step feeding method
Authors: Gao Zhangcheng , Feng Lianfang , Gu Xueping , Duan Jintang , Jiang Mingzhe , Zhang Cailiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe combination of aromatic and aliphatic structures can endow polyurea with distinct performance advantages. A one‐step feeding method is used to synthesize linear hybrid aliphatic/aromatic copolyureas by varying the ratio of m‐phenylenediamine (MPD) and polyoxypropylenediamine (D2000) reacting with 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Real‐time Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometer monitoring reveals that D2000 exhibits higher reactivity than MPD. Consequently, in the MDI/MPD/D2000 system, D2000 initially reacts with MDI to form an isocyanate‐terminated prepolymer, which subsequently reacts with MPD. Compared with the two‐step feeding method, this approach successfully eliminates biuret formation and enhances tensile strength. Additionally, decreasing the molar ratio of D2000 to MPD (λm) reduces the size and degree of microphase separation in the polyurea by increasing the ordered hydrogen bonding and benzene conjugation, leading to an increase in tensile strength. Specifically, as λm decreases from 70 mol% to 30 mol%, the degree of microphase separation decreases from 0.47 to 0.2, causing the tensile strength to rise from 28 to 48 MPa. Further reducing λm to 30 mol% decreases the degree of microphase separation to 0.16, resulting in an increase in tensile strength to 78 MPa.
Smart anti‐fouling and self‐repairing polymer brushes for efficient oil–water separation
Authors: Liu Jinhui , Yuan Yuka , Peng Shuoli , Guo Liyun , Liu Yudong , Li Shulan , Liu Kai , Hua Jing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe increasing water pollution problem poses a demand for oil–water separation materials, but preparing separation materials with high efficiency and excellent durability remains a great challenge. In this work, we use a diblock polymer brush of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and poly(N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) based on cotton fabric to prepare oil–water separation membranes with high efficiency, good durability, and intelligent self‐repairing properties. Lubricating PDMS brushes reduces the fouling adhesion due to its low surface energy and high flexibility. pH‐responsive PDMAEMA brushes provide good hydrophobicity and an intelligent self‐repairing effect. The prepared Co‐PDMS‐PDMAEMA has high oil flux (>30,000 L m−2 h−1) and high separation efficiency (>99%) even after 10 cycles and its surface character can be recovered under acidic conditions. Overall, the modified cotton fabric made by such a versatile technique is promising in oil–water separation.
Investigation of PVDF‐co‐HPF based ultrafiltration polymer inclusion membrane for the extraction of cadmium ions
Authors: Eyupoglu Volkan , Unal Asuman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUltrafiltration polymer inclusion membranes (UPIMs) have become increasingly significant for the separation and purification of heavy metals from industrial wastes and wastewater due to their convenience compared to other liquid membranes. A novel process for cadmium separation and recovery has been developed using biodegradable ion carriers, specifically room temperature ionic liquids with various molecular structures. This innovation has greatly enhanced the efficiency and application of UPIMs for cadmium separation, while also providing the membranes with unique functional properties. In this study, various UPIMs were produced using polyvinyl fluoride hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐co‐HPF) as the base polymer, different plasticizers, and symmetric room temperature ionic liquids as ion carriers. The ability of these membranes to extract cadmium ions was evaluated, demonstrating a removal rate of 9.70 μmol s−1 from a 25 ppm Cd(II) solution under optimum conditions. The selectivity and stability of the optimized UPIM were examined under different conditions to obtain a deeper insight into of its performance. The morphological characteristics of the optimized UPIM were examined using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques.
Structural evolution of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene under sliding friction in seawater
Authors: Cheng Bingxue , Shang Hongfei , Duan Haitao , Dan Jia , Shengpeng Zhan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUltrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is suitable for tribological applications in various environments because of its advantageous characteristics, including its high‐impact strength, excellent resistance against wear and corrosion, and self‐lubricating properties. However, the tribological behavior of UHMWPE under seawater lubrication is still poorly understood. In this study, the wear mechanisms of UHMWPE in seawater environment were elucidated by examining its morphology and structural evolution during sliding friction. The tribological properties of UHMWPE were significantly affected by the sliding speed in seawater. At low sliding speeds, no long‐strip structures were observed on the worn UHMWPE surface. However, as the sliding speed was increased, prominent convex long‐strip structures appeared and became more densely distributed with time. The molecular chains in the amorphous region of UHMWPE stretched along the sliding direction under stress. In the crystalline region, molecular orientation, and lamellar slip were accompanied by molecular conformational transformations. During the initial stage of sliding friction, UHMWPE mainly exhibited adhesive wear caused by plastic deformation. Subsequently, the wear mechanism of UHMWPE gradually changed from adhesive wear to a combination of adhesive and abrasive wear, and its wear intensified over time.
Machine learning analysis for detecting late recurrence and loss to follow‐up after renal cell carcinoma surgery
Authors: Sato Kodai , Sazuka Tomokazu , Arai Takayuki , Sato Hiroaki , Kanesaka Manato , Ando Keisuke , Saito Shinpei , Pae Sangjon , Yamada Yasutaka , Imamura Yusuke , Sakamoto Shinichi , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is shown to have a tendency for late recurrence, occurring 5 or more years after curative surgery. Imaging diagnosis is required for follow‐up, and there is no definitive answer as to how long this should continue. Some patients discontinue follow‐up visits at their own discretion. How best to predict late recurrence and loss to follow‐up (LF) remains unclear.Patients and methodsThis study targeted patients diagnosed with non‐metastatic RCC who underwent either radical or partial nephrectomy at Chiba University Hospital between 1988 and 2021. Follow‐up for patients with RCC is typically lifelong. We used random survival forests (RSFs), a machine learning‐based survival analysis method, to predict late recurrence and LF. For verification of prediction accuracy, we applied the time‐dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (t‐AUC). To analyse the risks of late recurrence and LF, SurvSHAP(t) and partial dependence plots were used.ResultsWe analysed 1051 cases in this study. Median follow‐up was 58.5 (range: 0–376) months. The predictive accuracy of recurrence using RSF was t‐AUC 0.806, 0.761, 0.674 and 0.566 at 60, 120, 180 and 240 months postoperatively, respectively. The recurrence risk impact showed a time‐dependent increase up to approximately 50 months postoperatively. Beyond 50 months, there were no distinct risk factors characteristic of late recurrence. The predictive accuracy of LF using RSF was t‐AUC 0.542, 0.699, 0.685, 0.628 and 0.674 at 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 months postoperatively, respectively. The risk of LF increased with advancing age beyond 70 years.ConclusionIt is difficult to identify factors that predict late recurrence. For long‐term follow‐up observation, it is essential to pay particular attention to patients with RCC aged 70 years and above. Establishing frameworks to facilitate collaboration with local hospitals near patients' residences and providing care within the community is necessary.
A unified theoretical framework underlying the regulation of motivated behavior
Authors: Kim Yu‐Been , Lee Young Hee , Park Shee‐June , Choi Hyung Jin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo orchestrate behaviors for survival, multiple psychological components have evolved. The current theories do not clearly distinguish the distinct components. In this article, we provide a unified theoretical framework. To optimize survival, there should be four components; (1) “need”, an alarm based on a predicted deficiency. (2) “motivation”, a direct behavior driver. (3) “pleasure”, a teacher based on immediate outcomes. (4) “utility”, a teacher based on final delayed outcomes. For behavior stability, need should be accumulated into motivation to drive behavior. Based on the immediate outcome of the behavior, the pleasure should teach whether to continue the current behavior. Based on the final delay outcome, the utility should teach whether to increase future behavior by reshaping the other three components. We provide several neural substrate candidates in the food context. The proposed theoretical framework, in combination with appropriate experiments, will unravel the neural components responsible for each theoretical component.
Invariables and variables in the evolution of plant reproduction
Authors: Wang Xin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLand plants have undergone great diversification and evolution in the past 400 million years. Although complex and hard to grasp, the sexual reproductive cycle (SRC) is an important unavoidable process in the evolution of plants. Various modifications have been added sequentially to this core process, thus creating various novel organs and distinguishing their bearers from one another. Reproductive organs of all land plants, including sporangium, megasporangium, metamegasporangium (=ovule), and various metamegasporangium complexes, are derived from terminal sporangia in the earliest land plants. Throughout the million‐year‐long evolution, plants sequentially recruit associating accessories to protect their vulnerable core parts (spore and gamete). The occurrence of every single one of these novelties is a stair marking land plant reproduction evolution and leads to enhanced offspring development conditioning.
Therapy and counselling experiences of queer adults in Germany
Authors: Bröning Sonja , Mazziotta Agostino 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMental health professionals play a crucial role in either alleviating or exacerbating stress among queer clients.AimsDrawing on minority stress theory, we conducted a study to examine the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or consensually non‐monogamous clients with current or recent psychotherapy or counselling experiences in Germany.MethodA convenience sample of 492 queer individuals participated in an online survey, providing insights into their most recent experiences with psychotherapy or counselling and evaluating the success of these processes. Among the participants, 92% identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or another non‐heterosexual identity, while 8% identified as heterosexual. Additionally, 54% reported being in consensually non‐monogamous relationships, and 23% identified as gender‐diverse.ResultsThe majority (92%) had prior experience with psychotherapy, with over half reporting their last session within the last month. The remaining 8% reported counselling experience. Most participants rated their recent psychotherapy or counselling process as successful. Exemplary practices were more common than inappropriate ones. While overt discrimination by mental health professionals was rare, subtle inappropriate behaviours were still prevalent. Affirmative and actively reassuring practices were strongly linked to subjective therapy success.ConclusionThe study's findings warrant cautious optimism regarding a non‐discriminative stance in German mental health professionals while highlighting the need for further research, training and guidelines for therapists and counsellors.