bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meal replacements followed by topiramate for the treatment of adolescent severe obesity: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fox Claudia K. , Kaizer Alexander M. , Rudser Kyle D. , Nathan Brandon M. , Gross Amy C. , Sunni Muna , Jennifer Abuzzahab M. , Schwartz Betsy L. , Kumar Seema , Petryk Anna , Billington Charles J. , Ryder Justin R. , Kelly Aaron S. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the safety and efficacy of short‐term meal replacement therapy followed by topiramate for body mass index (BMI) reduction in adolescents with severe obesity.MethodsAdolescents (ages 12–18 years) with severe obesity (BMI ≥1.2 times the 95th percentile or BMI ≥35 kg/m2) were recruited for this double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial. Participants completed 4 weeks of meal replacement therapy followed by randomization (1:1) to either 24 weeks of topiramate 75 mg/day or placebo. Mean changes were compared between groups.ResultsThirty adolescents (mean age 15.2 ± 1.7 years, mean BMI 40.3 ± 4.6 kg/m2) completed the meal replacement phase and were randomized; 21 completed the study. The difference in mean percent change in BMI between the topiramate and placebo groups was not significant (−1.9%; 95% CI: −5.2% to +1.5%; P = 0.291). Significant improvements in visceral fat and very‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed in the topiramate compared with the placebo group. There were no concerning changes in neurocognitive function or bone health.ConclusionsIn this pilot study, 4 weeks of meal replacement therapy followed by 24 weeks of low‐dose topiramate compared with meal replacement therapy alone did not result in significant BMI reduction for adolescents with severe obesity.
Ringed sideroblasts in β‐thalassemia
Authors: Cattivelli Kim , Campagna Dean R. , Schmitz‐Abe Klaus , Heeney Matthew M. , Yaish Hassan M. , Caruso Brown Amy E. , Kearney Susan , Walkovich Kelly , Markianos Kyriacos , Fleming Mark D. , Neufeld Ellis J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSymptomatic β‐thalassemia is one of the globally most common inherited disorders. The initial clinical presentation is variable. Although common hematological analyses are typically sufficient to diagnose the disease, sometimes the diagnosis can be more challenging. We describe a series of patients with β‐thalassemia whose diagnosis was delayed, required bone marrow examination in one affected member of each family, and revealed ringed sideroblasts, highlighting the association of this morphological finding with these disorders. Thus, in the absence of characteristic congenital sideroblastic mutations or causes of acquired sideroblastic anemia, the presence of ringed sideroblasts should raise the suspicion of β‐thalassemia.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Histamine2Receptor Antagonists Versus Proton Pump Inhibitors for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Hammond Drayton A. , Kathe Niranjan , Shah Anuj , Martin Bradley C. 
Published: November 2016

Study ObjectiveTo determine the cost‐effectiveness of stress ulcer prophylaxis with histamine2receptor antagonists (H2RAs) versus proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in critically ill and mechanically ventilated adults.DesignA decision analytic model estimating the costs and effectiveness of stress ulcer prophylaxis (with H2RAs andPPIs) from a health care institutional perspective.PatientsAdult mixed intensive care unit (ICU) population who received an H2RAorPPIfor up to 9 days.Measurements and Main ResultsEffectiveness measures were mortality during theICUstay and complication rate. Costs (2015 U.S. dollars) were combined to include medication regimens and untoward events associated with stress ulcer prophylaxis (pneumonia,Clostridium difficileinfection, and stress‐related mucosal bleeding). Costs and probabilities for complications and mortality from complications came from randomized controlled trials and observational studies. A base case scenario was developed with pooled data from an observational study and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Scenarios based on observational and meta‐analysis data alone were evaluated. Outcomes were expected and incremental costs, mortalities, and complication rates. Univariate sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine the influence of inputs on cost, mortality, and complication rates. Monte Carlo simulations evaluated second‐order uncertainty. In the base case scenario, the costs, complication rates, and mortality rates were $9039, 17.6%, and 2.50%, respectively, for H2RAs and $11,249, 22.0%, and 3.34%, respectively, forPPIs, indicating that H2RAs dominatedPPIs. The observational study–based model provided similar results; however, in the meta‐analysis–based model, H2RAs had a cost of $8364 and mortality rate of 3.2% compared with $7676 and 2.0%, respectively, forPPIs. At a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $100,000/death averted, H2RAtherapy was superior or preferred 70.3% in the base case and 97.0% in the observational study–based scenario.PPItherapy was preferred 87.2% in the meta‐analysis–based scenario.ConclusionProviding stress ulcer prophylaxis with H2RAtherapy may reduce costs, increase survival, and avoid complications compared withPPItherapy. This finding is highly sensitive to the pneumonia and stress‐related mucosal bleeding rates and whether observational data are used to inform the model.
The effect of helium irradiation on the thermal evolution of the microstructure of nc‐ZrN
Authors: van Vuuren Arno Janse , Sohatsky Alexander , Uglov Vladimir , Skuratov Vladimir , Volkov Alexey 
Published: November 2016

AbstractZrN is a candidate material for use as inert matrix fuel host for the burn‐up of plutonium and other minor actinides, waste products commonly present in spent nuclear fuel. These materials will operate within the nuclear reactor core and will therefore be subject to various types of radiation, high temperatures and a corrosive environment. Ceramics employed in the nuclear reactor environment will accumulate helium via (n, α) reactions. Nanocrystalline ZrN irradiated with 30 keV He to fluences between 1016 and 5×1016 cm–2to simulate the effects of alpha particle irradiation. The He irradiated sam‐ ples were annealed at temperatures between 600 and 1000 °C and were analysed using TEM and selected area diffraction. The results indicated that post irradiation heat treatment induces exfoliation at a depth that corresponds to the end‐of‐range of 30 keV He ions. TEM analysis of He suggests that nanocrystalline ZrN is prone to the formation of He blisters which may ultimately lead material failure. The results also suggest that the doping of nc‐ZrN with He aids the transformation from a nanocrystalline to microcrystalline state during heat treatment. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Titanium oxide films deposited by e‐beam evaporation as n‐type electrode for solar cell applications
Authors: Chierchia Rosa , Menchini Francesca , Serenelli Luca , Mangiapane Pietro , Polichetti Tiziana , Tucci Mario 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTiO2 is a n‐type oxide semiconductor used in many fields of chemistry and engineering, included dye sensitized and organic solar cells. Different methods have been investigated to prepare TiO2 films, nevertheless its poor electrical and optical characteristics hampers its use as a transparent conductor oxide. In this work thin TiO2 film obtained by e‐beam evaporation and thermally annealed at different temperatures were studied using different characterization techniques, in order to evaluate its use as emitter layer or back contact in silicon based heterojunction solar cells. By Raman analysis we found the TiO2 films showed mainly the presence of anatase crystal structure once thermally annealed at T > 400 °C. Electrical and optical characterization of the thermally annealed samples showed that the best results consisted in a resistivity of around 10‐2 Ωcm, a mobility of 3 cm2/Vs and carrier concentration of 1019/cm3. From capacitance‐voltage characteristics of TiO2 /p‐c‐Si, the built‐in potential has been evaluated in order to assess the band alignment with crystalline silicon. Good quality titanium oxide films by using e‐beam evaporation deposition technique followed by thermal annealing have been obtained with physical and electrical properties desirable for photovoltaic applications. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The bioliq process for producing synthetic transportation fuels
Authors: Dahmen Nicolaus , Abeln Johannes , Eberhard Mark , Kolb Thomas , Leibold Hans , Sauer Jörg , Stapf Dieter , Zimmerlin Bernd 
Published: November 2016

Biofuels of the second generation can contribute significantly to the replacement of the currently used fossil energy carriers for transportation fuel production. The lignocellulosic biomass residues used do not compete with food and feed production, but have to be collected from wide‐spread areas for industrial large‐scale use. The two‐stage gasification concept bioliq offers a solution to this problem. It aims at the conversion of low‐grade residual biomass from agriculture and forestry into synthetic fuels and chemicals. Central element of the bioliq process development is the 2–5 MW pilot plant along the complete process chain: fast pyrolysis for pretreatment of biomass to obtain an energy dense, liquid intermediate fuel, high‐pressure entrained flow gasification providing low methane synthesis gas free of tar, hot synthesis gas cleaning to separate acid gases, and contaminants as well as methanol/dimethyl ether and subsequent following gasoline synthesis. After construction and commissioning of the individual process steps with partners from industry, first production of synthetic fuel was successfully achieved in 2014. In addition to pilot plant operation for technology demonstration, a research and development network has been established providing the scientific basis for optimization and further development of the bioliq process as well as to explore new applications of the technologies and products involved. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e236. doi: 10.1002/wene.236This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Science and Materials
Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure
Clinicopathological Features and Post‐resection Prognosis of Double Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Jung Dong‐Hwan , Hwang Shin , Kim Ki‐Hun , Hong Seung‐Mo , Lee Young‐Joo , Ahn Chul‐Soo , Moon Deok‐Bog , Ha Tae‐Yong , Song Gi‐Won , Park Gil‐Chun , Yu Eun Sil , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundSimultaneous double primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) (dpHCC‐ICC) is very rare. This study investigated the clinicopathological features and post‐resection prognosis of dpHCC‐ICC.MethodsWe identified 10 patients with dpHCC‐ICC through an institutional database search. Three control groups with HCC, ICC and combined HCC‐cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‐CC) were selected (each n = 120) using propensity score matching.ResultsThe incidence of dpHCC‐ICC was 0.23%. The mean age was 57.4 ± 11.7 years, and 8 were male. Hepatitis B virus infection was associated with 8 patients. All dpHCC‐ICC were diagnosed incidentally from surgical specimens. Only two patients demonstrated simultaneous elevation of alpha‐fetoprotein/des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9. All patients underwent macroscopic curative resection. The HCC component was classified as stage I in 7 and stage II in 3, and ICC component was classified as stage I in 5, stage II in 2 and stage IV in 3. Tumor recurrence and patient survival rates were 30.0 and 90.0% at 1 year and 52.0 and 77.1% at 3 years, respectively. Tumor recurrence rates were not different between the dpHCC‐ICC and the three control groups (p = 0.505). The overall and post‐recurrence patient survival rates were similar between the dpHCC‐ICC and cHCC‐CC groups (p > 0.2); however, these were inferior to those in the HCC group but comparable with those in the ICC group.ConclusionsThe post‐resection prognosis of dpHCC‐ICC was more dependent on the tumor stage of the ICC component than that of the HCC component. Therefore, they can be clinically regarded as ICC with concurrent HCC.
Avascular necrosis following closed reduction for treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip: A systematic review
Authors: Bradley Catharine S. , Perry Daniel C. , Wedge John H. , Murnaghan M. L. , Kelley Simon P. 
Published: November 2016

Background Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a significant and potentially devastating complication following the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The reported rate of AVN following closed reduction for DDH ranges from 4 to 60%, and the resultant influence on hip development remains unclear. Purpose A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to evaluate the frequency of AVN after more than 5 years of follow-up in children that underwent closed reduction at younger than 2-years of age for DDH. Methods The search strategy was formulated with key-concepts and keywords identified using the patient problem, intervention, comparison and outcome process. Searches were undertaken using Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science up to and including May, 2016 to identify potential studies. Results A total of seven papers met the a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria of this review. The overall rate of significant AVN in 441 patients (538 hips) was 10% at a mean length of follow-up of 7.6 years (5–18.8) following closed reduction. This finding can be used to inform the feasibility of future intervention studies, and act as a baseline for which surgeons to compare their results to a ‘standard’.
Child Marriage and Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Bangladesh: A Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Yount Kathryn M. , Crandall AliceAnn , Cheong Yuk Fai , Osypuk Theresa L. , Bates Lisa M. , Naved Ruchira T. , Schuler Sidney Ruth 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Child marriage (before age 18) is a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. Worldwide, Bangladesh has the highest prevalence of IPV and very early child marriage (before age 15). How the community prevalence of very early child marriage influences a woman’s risk of IPV is unknown. Using panel data (2013–2014) from 3,355 women first married 4–12 years prior in 77 Bangladeshi villages, we tested the protective effect of a woman’s later first marriage (at age 18 or older), the adverse effect of a higher village prevalence of very early child marriage, and whether any protective effect of a woman’s later first marriage was diminished or reversed in villages where very early child marriage was more prevalent. Almost one-half (44.5 %) of women reported incident physical IPV, and 78.9 % had married before age 18. The village-level incidence of physical IPV ranged from 11.4 % to 75.0 %; the mean age at first marriage ranged from 14.8 to 18.0 years. The mean village-level prevalence of very early child marriage ranged from 3.9 % to 51.9 %. In main-effects models, marrying at 18 or later protected against physical IPV, and more prevalent very early child marriage before age 15 was a risk factor. The interaction of individual later marriage and the village prevalence of very early child marriage was positive; thus, the likely protective effect of marrying later was negated in villages where very early child marriage was prevalent. Collectively reducing very early child marriage may be needed to protect women from IPV.
Allergy and school: nothing to be sneezed at!
Authors: Bornemann Reinhard , Hagemeister Katharina , Bresser Hans-Georg , Hamelmann Eckard 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background:
Allergic diseases account for the largest proportion of chronic diseases in childhood and adolescence and place a significant burden on everyday family, social, and in particular school life. Without appropriate education, affected individuals often have little of the knowledge required to understand and deal safely with their allergic disease, and their social environment (school) generally offers insufficient information. An interdisciplinary project involving the Bielefeld Community Foundation (“Bielefelder Bürgerstiftung”), the Children’s Center Bethel, and the local school authority investigated the current knowledge, possibilities for increasing that knowledge, as well as pupils’ and teachers’ perception of the problems experienced by fellow pupils, while at the same time collecting current prevalence figures on allergic diseases among primary school children.

Methods:
All Bielefeld primary schools were invited to participate in the 3 years between 2008 and 2010. A teaching session on allergic diseases held by specialists from the pediatric hospital formed the core of the project. A standardized survey of children – which also addressed non-affected children for the first time in Germany – on the effects of, their knowledge of, and their attitudes toward allergic diseases, as well as an assessment of their quality of life (cross-sectional study), was conducted prior to and following each session. Parents were also surveyed.

Results:
In all, 24 schools per year, each with around 60 classes and 1,250 pupils aged 9 years, took part between 2008 and 2010. Approximately 30 % reported suffering from an allergic disease themselves, of which – with regard to single entries – 16 % were “allergies,” 4 % “asthma,” and 5 % atopic dermatitis. Figures collected from parents were only slightly lower than those from their children. Clear deficits that existed in terms of factual knowledge and/or correct conduct in allergic disease – among affected children as well as in their social environment – prior to the education program were noticeably improved by the teaching session.

Discussion:
The prevalence data gathered here confirm the high numbers recently found in the KiGGS study. Thus, allergic diseases represent a considerable disease risk and potential burden in school children. Providing affected children and their social environment (teachers, fellow pupils) with specialist education can bring about considerable improvements in everyday school life.
The clinical, neuroanatomical, and neuropathologic phenotype of TBK1‐associated frontotemporal dementia: A longitudinal case report
Authors: Koriath Carolin A.M. , Bocchetta Martina , Brotherhood Emilie , Woollacott Ione O.C. , Norsworthy Penny , Simón‐Sánchez Javier , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Dick Katrina M. , Gordon Elizabeth , Harding Sophie R. , Fox Nick C. , Crutch Sebastian , Warren Jason D. , Revesz Tamas , Lashley Tammaryn , Mead Simon , Rohrer Jonathan D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionMutations in the TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1) gene have recently been shown to cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, the phenotype of TBK1‐associated FTD is currently unclear.MethodsWe performed a single case longitudinal study of a patient who was subsequently found to have a novel A705fs mutation in the TBK1 gene. He was assessed annually over a 7‐year period with a series of clinical, cognitive, and magnetic resonance imaging assessments. His brain underwent pathological examination at postmortem.ResultsThe patient presented at the age of 64 years with an 18‐month history of personality change including increased rigidity and obsessiveness, apathy, loss of empathy, and development of a sweet tooth. His mother had developed progressive behavioral and cognitive impairment from the age of 57 years. Neuropsychometry revealed intact cognition at first assessment. Magnetic resonance imaging showed focal right temporal lobe atrophy. Over the next few years his behavioral problems progressed and he developed cognitive impairment, initially with anomia and prosopagnosia. Neurological examination remained normal throughout without any features of motor neurone disease. He died at the age of 72 years and postmortem showed TDP‐43 type A pathology but with an unusual novel feature of numerous TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43)–positive neuritic structures at the cerebral cortex/subcortical white matter junction. There was also associated argyrophilic grain disease not previously reported in other TBK1 mutation cases.DiscussionTBK1‐associated FTD can be associated with right temporal variant FTD with progressive behavioral change and relatively intact cognition initially. The case further highlights the benefits of next‐generation sequencing technologies in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders and the importance of detailed neuropathologic analysis.
Ring chromosome 20 syndrome – A rare chromosomal cause of refractory epilepsy in children
Authors: Kalane Umesh , Datar Chaitanya , Kalane Shilpa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGenetic disorders and chromosomal abnormalities have been shown to represent 2–3% of all cases of epilepsy. Ring chromosome 20 syndrome is a rare chromosomal abnormality and a rare cause of intractable epilepsy. Exact prevalence of ring chromosome 20 is not known. We report a case of a 10-year old boy who had had intractable epilepsy since 2 years of age. Birth history was insignificant and there was no obvious dysmorphism. His motor milestones were normal but cognition and speech were delayed. Electroencephalography showed progressive worsening from initial bi-frontal epileptiform activity to generalized discharges. Neuroimaging and metabolic work up was normal. Karyotype study showed ring chromosome 20. Diagnosis of ring chromosome 20 or r(20) syndrome was made. Ring chromosome 20 syndrome is a rare cause of refractory epilepsy A patient who present with intractable epilepsy with frontal epileptiform discharges, mental developmental delay, without dysmorphic features should be suspected of chromosomal abnormalities especially ring chromosome 20.
Health Supply Utilization at a Boy Scout Summer Camp: An Evaluation for Improvement and Preparedness
Authors: Miller Ross T. , Barth Bradley E. 
Published: November 2016

Objective To describe the health conditions treated by a health services center at a Boy Scout summer camp and make recommendations for appropriate resources and supplies. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of health center utilization at a Boy Scout camp in central Missouri during the summers of 2012 and 2013. Health logbook data were compiled and analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics. Results During the study period 19,771 camp participants made 1586 visits to the health care center. The overall incidence rate of health center visits was 6.20 visits per 1000 camp days. Two-thirds of visits were for illness and the remainder for injury. Over 90% of patients were returned to camp, 7.3% were transferred to another health facility, and 1.6% were advised to leave camp and return home. The most common treatments were rehydration (17.8 %) and administration of analgesics (13.4%) and topical creams (12.3%). Conclusions Summer camps need to be prepared for a wide range of conditions and injuries in youth campers, leaders, and staff members. Over 90% of presenting complaints were managed on site, and the majority of conditions were easily treatable minor injuries and illnesses. We provide recommendations for appropriate medical supplies and suggest opportunities for improvement to aid health centers in planning and treatment.
The Diaries of Barthélémy Boganda, Priest and Politician in French Equatorial Africa (1910–1959)
Authors: van Walraven Klaas 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:This article presents an analysis of the diaries of Barthélémy Boganda, priest and later politician in French Equatorial Africa. So far unknown, these diaries, stored in the archives of the French Spiritans, shed light on earlier stages of Boganda’s life, on which fewer sources are available. The article first discusses the broad historical background of colonialism in French Equatorial Africa and the significance of Barthélémy Boganda as an historical figure, also comparing him with other leaders of Africa’s decolonization struggles. It then analyses the nature of his diaries and their different entries and argues that it is through this source material that one can better understand the complexity of his person and the historical depth of his attitudes, thoughts and action.