bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Firing Temperature at the Porcelain‐Metal Alloy Interface in Porcelain‐Fused‐to‐Metal Restorations. A SEM/EDS Study
Authors: Tripathi Arvind , Bagchi Soumyojeet , Singh Juhi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeTo probe in greater detail the changes at the ceramometal interface induced by heat energy absorption, using energy diffraction X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and correlate these changes with the shear bond strength of porcelain to nickel chromium alloy.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐five strips of nickel‐chromium alloy (20 mm long, 5 mm wide, 3 mm thick) were prepared and layered with porcelain, conforming to ANSI/ADA specification no. 38 (for Metal‐Ceramic Dental Restorative Systems: 2010). These test specimens were divided equally into three groups. Specimens of each group (25) were fired to a specific temperature range, that is 700°C, 900°C, and 960°C. SEM and EDS were performed on all specimens, at the metal alloy/ceramic interface. Bonding of the ceramic layer to the metal alloy was evaluated by a shear bond strength test as per ANSI/ADA specification no. 38. The data were recorded and analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD test.ResultsSEM images of the porcelain/metal alloy interface revealed roughness of the metal alloy surface adjacent to the ceramic layer. EDS study revealed that an oxygen depletion zone was formed at the interface region, facilitating the formation of intermetallic compounds. The mean shear bond strength showed an upward trend until 900°C and decreased thereafter.ConclusionFormation of intermetallic compounds at the interface, in the presence of an oxygen depletion zone, was the prime factor in bonding of porcelain to metal alloy. This provides a new concept of ceramometal bonding.
Marginal Fit of Lithium Disilicate Crowns Fabricated Using Conventional and Digital Methodology: A Three‐Dimensional Analysis
Authors: Mostafa Nezrine Z. , Ruse N. Dorin , Ford Nancy L. , Carvalho Ricardo M. , Wyatt Chris C.L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeTo compare the marginal fit of lithium disilicate (LD) crowns fabricated with digital impression and manufacturing (DD), digital impression and traditional pressed manufacturing (DP), and traditional impression and manufacturing (TP).Materials and MethodsTooth #15 was prepared for all‐ceramic crowns on an ivorine typodont. There were 45 LD crowns fabricated using three techniques: DD, DP, and TP. Microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) was used to assess the 2D and 3D marginal fit of crowns in all three groups. The 2D vertical marginal gap (MG) measurements were done at 20 systematically selected points/crown, while the 3D measurements represented the 3D volume of the gap measured circumferentially at the crown margin. Frequencies of different marginal discrepancies were also recorded, including overextension (OE), underextension (UE), and marginal chipping. Crowns with vertical MG > 120 μm at more than five points were considered unacceptable and were rejected. The results were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA with Scheffe post hoc test (α = 0.05).ResultsDD crowns demonstrated significantly smaller mean vertical MG (33.3 ± 19.99 μm) compared to DP (54.08 ± 32.34 μm) and TP (51.88 ± 35.34 μm) crowns. Similarly, MG volume was significantly lower in the DD group (3.32 ± 0.58 mm3) compared to TP group (4.16 ± 0.59 mm3). The mean MG volume for the DP group (3.55 ± 0.78 mm3) was not significantly different from the other groups. The occurrence of underextension error was higher in DP (6.25%) and TP (5.4%) than in DD (0.33%) group, while overextension was more frequent in DD (37.67%) than in TP (28.85%) and DP (18.75%) groups. Overall, 4 out of 45 crowns fabricated were deemed unacceptable based on the vertical MG measurements (three in TP group and one in DP group; all crowns in DD group were deemed acceptable).ConclusionThe results suggested that digital impression and CAD/CAM technology is a suitable, better alternative to traditional impression and manufacturing.
Psychological Abuse Experienced in Groups Scale: Psychometric Properties of the Japanese Version
Authors: Saldaña Omar , Rodríguez‐Carballeira Álvaro , Almendros Carmen , Nishida Kimiaki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to adapt the Psychological Abuse Experienced in Groups Scale (PAEGS) for use in the Japanese population. This scale evaluates the frequency with which an individual has experienced psychologically abusive behaviors within a group. A questionnaire was administered to 130 former members of abusive groups and to a comparison sample composed of 124 former members of non‐abusive groups. The main results showed a one‐dimensional factor structure and an adequate reliability score. Significant correlations were found between the PAEGS and a group abusiveness measure, providing evidence of convergent validity. In addition, high discriminatory power was found, determining an optimal cut‐off point to distinguish between abusive experiences and non‐abusive experiences within groups. The Japanese version of the PAEGS is able to overcome limitations of previous instruments intended to assess the phenomenon, as sufficient empirical evidence is found for its use in research. In addition, it can be useful in clinical and legal contexts to assess the degree of psychological abuse experienced by Japanese people during their involvement in certain groups.
A Retrospective Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Leflunomide in Dogs
Authors: Sato M. , Veir J.K. , Legare M. , Lappin M.R. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundLittle clinical information is available concerning the use of leflunomide in dogs with immune‐mediated diseases.ObjectivesTo report the safety and efficacy of leflunomide for the treatment of naturally occurring immune‐mediated diseases in dogs.AnimalsNinety‐two dogs treated with leflunomide for management of suspected immune‐mediated diseases.MethodsRetrospective medical record review from Jan 1995 to Dec 2014. Data that were extracted from the medical records included signalment, body weight, underlying indication for leflunomide, dosage of leflunomide, treatment duration, concurrent medications, treatment response, and adverse events.ResultsAdverse events that could be related to leflunomide administration included diarrhea (3 of 92, 3.3%), lethargy (2 of 92, 2.2%), unexplained hemorrhage (3 of 92, 3.3%), thrombocytopenia (2 of 31, 6.5%), and increased liver enzyme activities (1 of 16, 6.3%). Significant dose differences between dogs with adverse events (n = 11; median, 2.9 mg/kg/d; range, 1.8–3.6 mg/kg/d) and dogs without adverse events (n = 81; median, 1.6 mg/kg/d; range, 0.8–4.3 mg/kg/d) were found (P < 0.001). Treatment response could be evaluated in 17 dogs. Of these 17 dogs, 12 dogs (70.5%) had an apparent positive response to the use of leflunomide. There was no significant difference (P = 0.22) in dosages between dogs that responded to leflunomide (n = 12; median, 1.9 mg/kg/d; range, 1.0–3.5 mg/kg/d) and those that did not respond (n = 5; median, 1.7 mg/kg/d; range, 1.0–2.0 mg/kg/d).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceResults suggest that the starting dosage of leflunomide should be 2 mg/kg/d rather than the currently suggested dosage of 3–4 mg/kg/d.
Chromosome arm‐specific patterns of polymorphism associated with chromosomal inversions in the major African malaria vector,Anopheles funestus
Authors: Kamdem Colince , Fouet Caroline , White Bradley J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChromosomal inversions facilitate local adaptation of beneficial mutations and modulate genetic polymorphism, but the extent of their effects within the genome is still insufficiently understood. The genome ofAnopheles funestus, a malaria mosquito endemic to sub‐Saharan Africa, contains an impressive number of paracentric polymorphic inversions, which are unevenly distributed among chromosomes and provide an excellent framework for investigating the genomic impacts of chromosomal rearrangements. Here, we present results of a fine‐scale analysis of genetic variation within the genome of two weakly differentiated populations ofAnopheles funestusinhabiting contrasting moisture conditions in Cameroon. Using population genomic analyses, we found that genetic divergence between the two populations is centred on regions of the genome corresponding to three inversions, which are characterized by high values ofFST, absolute sequence divergence and fixed differences. Importantly, in contrast to the 2L chromosome arm, which is collinear, nucleotide diversity is significantly reduced along the entire length of three autosome arms bearing multiple overlapping chromosomal rearrangements. These findings support the idea that interactions between reduced recombination and natural selection within inversions contribute to sculpt nucleotide polymorphism across chromosomes inAn. funestus.
The Toarcian–Bajocian deltaic system in the North German Basin: Subsurface mapping of ancient deltas‐morphology, evolution and controls
Authors: Zimmermann Jens , Franz Matthias , Schaller Astrid , Wolfgramm Markus 
Published: August 2017

AbstractResearch focussing on the morphology and morphodynamics of modern river deltas has contributed much to the understanding of reservoir geometry and prediction of hydrocarbon splays and deep geothermal aquifers. The interplay of allogenic and autogenic controls results in complex histories of modern river deltas comprising subsequent regressive and transgressive stages of delta formation. The application to ancient examples is still ambiguous and in particular the detailed morphological description of ancient deltas is often hampered by limited subsurface data. This basin‐scale study employs a data set of 15 cored wells and more than 450 logged wells in combination with lithofacies, biofacies and architectural analysis to reconstruct high‐resolution subsurface facies and sand thickness maps of the Toarcian–Bajocian deltaic system in the North German Basin. The results of this study show the evolution from smaller elongate river‐dominated delta types in the Lower and Upper Toarcian (15 000 to 20 000 km²), and a larger lobate river‐dominated delta in the Upper Aalenian (40 000 km²) to a cuspate mixed river‐dominated and wave‐modified delta in the Upper Bajocian (25 000 km²). River‐dominated deltas are formed of distributary deltaic channel belts and associated sheetsands of the delta plain and distributary‐mouth bar complexes with bar‐finger sand architectures of the delta front. Increasing marine processes in the Bajocian resulted in modification of delta complexes forming a shoreface setting with foreshoals, arc‐like chains of ooid‐bearing barrier shoals and back barrier lagoons. The complex history of the Toarcian–Bajocian deltaic system was mainly controlled by allogenic sea‐level fluctuations that triggered the delta progradation and subordinately by allogenic basin reorganization. Autogenic process change of channel avulsion led to locally reduced sediment flux and culminated in lobe abandonment and transgressive shorelines. Differential compaction of underlying deltaic deposits result in strong differences in accommodation space and contributed greatly to large‐scale delta shifts (>300 km).
The Prognostic Significance of Soluble Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression in Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Ding Y. , Sun C. , Li J. , Hu L. , Li M. , Liu J. , Pu L. , Xiong S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe differential expression of soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD‐L1) has been found in some cancers; however, the correlation between sPD‐L1 expression and prognosis value in tumour is still unclear. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis and systematic review to assess the prognostic value of sPD‐L1 in patients with cancer. Eligible studies were searched for in the databases including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Wiley Online Library database. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to assess the prognostic significance of sPD‐L1 in human cancer. Eight studies and 1102 patients with cancer were included in the final analysis, and the combined analysis indicated that a higher level of sPD‐L1 was associated with worse overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.21–1.99). Furthermore, statistical significance was also observed in subgroup analysis stratified by the cancer type (haematological neoplasms or non‐haematological neoplasms), sample size (more or less than 100), cut‐off value of sPD‐L1 (more or less than 6.51 ng/ml) and ethnicity (Asian or European). The meta‐analysis indicates that circulating sPD‐L1 changes may serve as a useful biomarker for cancer prognosis, and higher level of sPD‐L1 may also be associated with poor outcomes in patients with cancer.
Noninvasive penetration of 5 nm hyaluronic acid molecules across the epidermal barrier (in vitro) and its interaction with human skin cells
Authors: Nashchekina Yu. A. , Raydan M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveHyaluronic acid represents one of the major components of the extracellular environment. The main challenge remains in the ability to deliver these molecules noninvasively across the skin barrier, which can be overcome by the reduction in size to an extent that allows these molecules to pass across the skin barrier.The aim of this study was to measure the penetration and bioavailability of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid to cross an epidermal barrier model.MethodsDetermining the quantity of hyaluronic acid in the test solutions was carried with method of photocolorimetry analysis. Investigation of the interaction of cells with LMWHA was studied with a confocal microscope.ResultsThe study showed that LMWHA is able to cross the epidermis. Most effective penetration level is during the first 6 hours reaching 75%, and then the concentration started to decline and reached the equilibrium state within the following 2 hours. Confocal laser microscopy demonstrated different distribution and behavior of these molecules among the keratinocytes and fibroblasts.ConclusionReducing the size of hyaluronic acid to 5 nm enhance their transport across the epidermal layer. The concentration of hyaluronic acid molecules was higher on the fibroblast surface in comparison to their extracellular environment.
Mannose and fructose metabolism in red blood cells during cold storage in SAGM
Authors: Rolfsson Óttar , Johannsson Freyr , Magnusdottir Manuela , Paglia Giuseppe , Sigurjonsson Ólafur E. , Bordbar Aarash , Palsson Sirus , Brynjólfsson Sigurður , Guðmundsson Sveinn , Palsson Bernhard 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDAlternate sugar metabolism during red blood cell (RBC) storage is not well understood. Here we report fructose and mannose metabolism in RBCs during cold storage in SAGM and the impact that these monosaccharides have on metabolic biomarkers of RBC storage lesion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSRBCs were stored in SAGM containing uniformly labeled 13C‐fructose or 13C‐mannose at 9 or 18 mmol/L concentration for 25 days. RBCs and media were sampled at 14 time points during storage and analyzed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Blood banking quality assurance measurements were performed.RESULTSRed blood cells incorporated fructose and mannose during cold storage in the presence of glucose. Mannose was metabolized in preference to glucose via glycolysis. Fructose lowered adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and contributed little to ATP maintenance when added to SAGM. Both monosaccharides form the advanced glycation end product glycerate. Mannose activates enzymes in the RBC that take part in glycan synthesis.CONCLUSIONSFructose or mannose addition to RBC SAGM concentrates may not offset the shift in metabolism of RBCs that occurs after 10 days of storage. Fructose and mannose metabolism at 4°C in SAGM reflects their metabolism at physiologic temperature. Glycerate excretion is a measure of protein deglycosylation activity in stored RBCs. No cytoprotective effect was observed upon the addition of either fructose or mannose to SAGM.
Expediting red blood cell transfusions by syringing causes significant hemolysis
Authors: De Villiers Willem Lambertus , Murray Adriaan Albertus , Levin Andrew Ian 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDTechniques commonly used to expedite blood transfusions include pneumatically pressurizing red blood cell (RBC) bags or manual syringing its contents. We compared these techniques on RBC hemolysis using a simulated transfusion model.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSFifteen warmed RBC units that were 12.3 ± 4.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.1‐14.5) days old were each subjected to two experimental rapid transfusion techniques. RBCs from each technique were directed through 18‐ and 22‐gauge cannulas attached to blood administration sets. One technique involved RBC bag pressurization to 300 mmHg. The other employed a 20‐mL syringe to effect forceful, manual aspiration from the RBC bag followed by forceful, manual RBC injection. The control group was gravity driven without cannulas. Free hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were measured and percent hemolysis was calculated.RESULTSFree Hb concentrations and percent hemolysis (median [95% CI]) were similar in the control (0.05 [0.03‐0.08] g/dL and 0.13% [0.09%‐0.17%], respectively) and pressurized experiments (0.06 [0.05‐0.09] g/dL; 0.14% [0.12%‐0.22%]), respectively. Syringing resulted in 10‐fold higher free Hb concentrations (0.55 [0.38‐0.92] g/dL) and percent hemolysis (1.28% [1.03%‐2.15%]) than when employing the control (p < 0.0001) or pressurization (p < 0.0001) techniques. Cannula sizes studied did not affect hemolysis.CONCLUSIONForceful manual syringing caused significant hemolysis and high free Hb concentrations. Pressurizing RBC bags induced no more hemolysis than after gravity‐facilitated transfusions. Syringing to expedite RBC transfusions should be avoided in favor of pneumatic RBC bag pressurization.
Comorbid depression and risk of lower extremity amputation in people with diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: O’Neill Sinéad M , Kabir Zubair , McNamara Grace , Buckley Claire Mary 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo compare the risk of lower extremity amputation (LEA) in people with diabetes with and without comorbid depression.Research design and methodsA systematic review of the published literature was conducted. Six databases were searched including PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, the Cochrane Library and PsycARTICLES from inception to 22 June 2016, using a detailed search strategy and cross-checking of reference lists for potentially eligible studies published in English. No date restrictions were employed. All studies were reviewed independently for inclusion by two review authors. Data extraction was performed using a standardized data abstraction form, and study quality was assessed independently by two reviewers. A meta-analysis was performed reporting pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs in Review Manager software.ResultsIn total, seven studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. Data on 767 997 patients from five studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled estimates across the studies were obtained using a random-effects model due to significant heterogeneity (I2=87%). People with diabetes and depression had an increased hazard of LEA (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.60) compared to people with diabetes and no depression.ConclusionsBased on the available evidence, comorbid depression appears to increase the risk of LEA in people with diabetes. Limited data were available, however, with significant heterogeneity between studies. Further research is needed to inform intervention and clinical practice development in the management of diabetes.
Real-time data capture with electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation programme: a cloud platform for behavioural research
Authors: Lam Max W Y , Leung Nelson W Y , Bat Baker KK , Leung Gary K S , Tsoi Kelvin K F 
Published: August 2017

Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases, which led to the popularity of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and showed to be an effective tool for tobacco smoking cessation. However, existing studies on e-cigarette use were based on users’ self-reported data. Detailed and accurate e-cigarette use records can be used to better understand e-cigarette use behaviour and design appropriate tobacco smoking cessation plan. Therefore, a platform for real-time data capture, transmission and cloud storage of e-cigarette usage is suggested to address these issues.The application of cloud platform for data transfer, storage and analysis on medical research is still at a novel stage. In this study, a cloud-based infrastructure is established for data collection and storage of captured e-cigarette use behaviour; it consists of an e-cigarette, a smartphone, a smartphone application (APP) and a cloud server. Whenever the e-cigarette is inhaled, the time and number of puff will be transmitted to the APP through Bluetooth signal and then uploaded and stored to the cloud through the internet-connected smartphone. The flow of data transmission is performed automatically. E-cigarette smoking history can be recalled in real time and presented in the APP.This remote cloud platform provides efficient analytical performance on a huge volume of data with high velocity of data creation. The sufficient data accuracy and completeness of e-cigarette use records help to better understand the behaviour and safety of e-cigarette usage and to plan an effective tobacco smoking cessation programme.
Influence of ZnO doping on the properties of single domain YBCO bulks fabricated by RE+011 TSIG process
Authors: Yang W. M. , Yuan X. C. , Guo Y. X. 
Published: August 2017

Single domain YBCO bulk superconductors with different additions of ZnO have been successfully fabricated by RE[Formula: see text]011 TSIG process with a new solid phase of [(100-[Formula: see text])(Y2O[Formula: see text]BaCuO2)+[Formula: see text]ZnO] and a new liquid phase of (Y2O3+6CuO+10BaCuO2). The effects of ZnO additions on the growth morphology, microstructure, critical temperature ([Formula: see text]), the levitation force and trapped field of the YBCO bulks have been investigated. It is found that within the range of ZnO additions [Formula: see text]=0–1.0 wt.%, all the samples are of the typical characteristic of single-domain YBCO bulk; the [Formula: see text] of the samples decreases from 92 K to 80 K when the ZnO addition [Formula: see text] increases from [Formula: see text]=0 wt.% to [Formula: see text]=1.0 wt.%; the levitation force and trapped field of the samples firstly increase and then decrease with increase of ZnO additions after going through a maximum, which is closely related with the ZnO addition and the resulting flux pinning force caused by lattice distortion due to the substitution of Zn[Formula: see text] for Cu[Formula: see text] site in the YBCO crystal; the largest levitation force 36.8 N (77 K, 0.5 T) and trapped field 0.416 T (77 K, 0.5 T) of the samples are obtained when [Formula: see text]=0.1 wt.%, respectively. This result is significantly important and helpful for us to improve the properties of YBCO bulk superconductors.