bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased mortality among people with anxiety disorders: total population study
Authors: Meier Sandra M. , Mattheisen Manuel , Mors Ole , Mortensen Preben B. , Laursen Thomas M. , Penninx Brenda W. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundAnxiety disorders and depression are the most common mental disorders worldwide and have a striking impact on global disease burden. Although depression has consistently been found to increase mortality; the role of anxiety disorders in predicting mortality risk is unclear.AimsTo assess mortality risk in people with anxiety disorders.MethodWe used nationwide Danish register data to conduct a prospective cohort study with over 30 million person-years of follow-up.ResultsIn total, 1066 (2.1%) people with anxiety disorders died during an average follow-up of 9.7 years. The risk of death by natural and unnatural causes was significantly higher among individuals with anxiety disorders (natural mortality rate ratio (MRR) = 1.39, 95% CI 1.28–1.51; unnatural MRR= 2.46, 95% CI 2.20–2.73) compared with the general population. Of those who died from unnatural causes, 16.5% had comorbid diagnoses of depression (MRR = 11.72, 95% CI 10.11–13.51).ConclusionsAnxiety disorders significantly increased mortality risk. Comorbidity of anxiety disorders and depression played an important part in the increased mortality.
Which factors most influence demand for ambulances in South West England?
Authors: Chalk Daniel , Black Sarah , Pitt Martin 
Published: July 2016

Ambulance demand in South West England is increasing year-on-year, but the driving forces behind such increases are poorly understood. We developed a system dynamics model to simulate the factors that influence a call being made for an ambulance. We used data from the South West Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (SWAST), the Office of National Statistics (ONS) and quantitative relationship data in both national and international literature to parameterise the model. We compared predicted ambulance demand over 12 months in the base case model with scenarios in which each influencing factor was removed in turn. The model predicts that the prevalence of regular falls among older people most influences the level of demand for ambulances. The model also predicts that the number of users of adult mental health services could be a significant contributor to ambulance demand. Additional focus on, and investment in, falls prevention strategies could help to significantly alleviate increasing levels of demand for ambulance services in South West England. Additionally, efforts to understand why those with mental health needs tend to use ambulances more than those without such needs could also be beneficial.
Analytical Bias Exceeding Desirable Quality Goal in 4 out of 5 Common Immunoassays: Results of a Native Single Serum Sample External Quality Assessment Program for Cobalamin, Folate, Ferritin, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, and Free T4 Analyses
Authors: Kristensen Gunn B B , Rustad Pål , Berg Jens P , Aakre Kristin M 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe undertook this study to evaluate method differences for 5 components analyzed by immunoassays, to explore whether the use of method-dependent reference intervals may compensate for method differences, and to investigate commutability of external quality assessment (EQA) materials.METHODSTwenty fresh native single serum samples, a fresh native serum pool, Nordic Federation of Clinical Chemistry Reference Serum X (serum X) (serum pool), and 2 EQA materials were sent to 38 laboratories for measurement of cobalamin, folate, ferritin, free T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) by 5 different measurement procedures [Roche Cobas (n = 15), Roche Modular (n = 4), Abbott Architect (n = 8), Beckman Coulter Unicel (n = 2), and Siemens ADVIA Centaur (n = 9)]. The target value for each component was calculated based on the mean of method means or measured by a reference measurement procedure (free T4). Quality specifications were based on biological variation. Local reference intervals were reported from all laboratories.RESULTSMethod differences that exceeded acceptable bias were found for all components except folate. Free T4 differences from the uncommonly used reference measurement procedure were large. Reference intervals differed between measurement procedures but also within 1 measurement procedure. The serum X material was commutable for all components and measurement procedures, whereas the EQA materials were noncommutable in 13 of 50 occasions (5 components, 5 methods, 2 EQA materials).CONCLUSIONSThe bias between the measurement procedures was unacceptably large in 4/5 tested components. Traceability to reference materials as claimed by the manufacturers did not lead to acceptable harmonization. Adjustment of reference intervals in accordance with method differences and use of commutable EQA samples are not implemented commonly.
¿Debe ser punible la inducción a la prostitución? : estudio de su fundamentación, estructura dogmática y problemática.
Authors: Mendoza Perdomo Juan Francisco 
Published: July 2016

En este trabajo observaremos las razones que fundan la existencia legal del delito de inducción a la prostitución en un estado social y democrático de derecho, en el que se afirma, constitucionalmente, la existencia de la autonomía individual del ciudadano. A partir de allí y de la mano con el trascurrir histórico de este delito, ofrecido por la doctrina nacional de todas nuestras épocas, ofreceremos razones para indicar que responde al recorte de la libertad sexual de los ciudadanos, antes que a su tutela. Por último, se identificarán dos problemas de la dogmática penal en la estructura de imputación de este delito, que se suman a las razones críticas.
Reflexión de la enseñanza-aprendizaje del derecho en el siglo XXI y el modelo basado en competencias.
Authors: Comellas Angulo Paula 
Published: July 2016

El objetivo principal de este artículo es hacer una reflexión, en ningún caso derivada de la investigación, en torno a la influencia que ejercen la globalización e internacionalización en la enseñanza- aprendizaje del Derecho en el siglo XXI. Con base en la convergencia global en materia educativa y en el modelo imperante del aprendizaje basado en competencias, se analizarán los nuevos perfiles académico-profesionales del jurista de nuestro siglo y las competencias que tendrían que regir la enseñanza-aprendizaje del Derecho en la sociedad actual. Además, se hará un análisis de la presente sociedad y del cambio del paradigma en la enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Constructing signs: Place as a symbolic structure in signed languages
Authors: Wilcox Sherman , Occhino Corrine 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a usage-based, Cognitive Grammar analysis of Place as a symbolic structure in signed languages. We suggest that many signs are better viewed as constructions in which schematic or specific formal properties are extracted from usage events alongside specific or schematic meaning. We argue that pointing signs are complex constructions composed of a pointing device and a Place, each of which are symbolic structures having form and meaning. We extend our analysis to antecedent-anaphora constructions and directional verb constructions. Finally, we discuss how the usage-based approach suggests a new way of understanding the relationship between language and gesture.
Loss on „Toxic” Currency Options and Forward Contracts as a Tax-Deductible Expense in Corporate Income Tax – General Issues
Authors: Karczyński Łukasz 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Due to financial crisis many entrepreneurs suffered heavy losses on currency options and forward contracts. Tax authorities tend to disallow deduction of those losses from the taxable income. Many cases ended up in administrative courts, resulting in judicature controversies on the issue in question. This paper is the first of four in a cycle. The aim of the whole cycle will be to analyze deeply these controversies and suggest the proper interpretation of the legal provisions, determining whether losses on currency options and forward contracts should or should not be regarded as tax-deductible expenses. The aim of this paper is to determine the scope of the problems to solve as well as to analyze the legal character of the loss on non-deliverable currency options and forward contracts. Therefore this legal character has been determined in the light of Polish corporate income tax act. What is more, the problems with the interpretation of these losses as indirect deductible expenses have been solved.
The Evolution of EU Regional Policy and its Funding
Authors: Sowiński Tomasz 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Regional policy in the European Union becomes more and more important every year, especially in the last few years. As the experiences of the European Union show, structural programs or other forms of support are most effective when realized in the regions, for the regions and through the regions.
The role and position of the regions in the EU strengthens every year. In the following years, regions will work and participate in the EU budget even more intensively. Therefore, there will be more and more programs and grants to be realized in the regions and through the regions.
Freedom of Economic Activity and Tax Status of a Commune
Authors: Koralewski Michał 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This article is about permissible economic activity of a commune with special emphasis on the principles of taxation of individual actions taken by such a body. The basic thesis of this study is that recognition of a commune as the payer of goods and services tax is possible only to the extent of activities it undertakes within the scope of dominium, not imperium. The confirmation of that thesis is sought in historical and axiological considerations about economic freedom and also the analysis of legal framework for the activity of a commune. Moreover, the article provides an overview of practical problems related to taxation of communes.
Optimal Loads for Power Differ by Exercise in Older Adults
Authors: Potiaumpai Melanie , Gandia Kristine , Rautray Ambika , Prendergast Troy , Signorile Joseph F. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Potiaumpai, M, Gandia, K, Rautray, A, Prendergast, T, and Signorile, JF. Optimal loads for power differ by exercise in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2703–2712, 2016—Power training in older adults has been shown to increase muscle strength, power, and physical function, and decrease the risk of falls and related injuries. Although there are clear indications that optimal loads for power vary due to biomechanical factors, no studies have attempted to determine the optimal loads for specific exercises used to improve muscle power. Using the load that maximizes power output for individual exercises can maximize power gains, improve training efficiency, and augment gains in physical function. Seventy community-dwelling older adults (age = 70.5 ± 5.7 years) participated in strength and power testing during 2 sessions, each lasting for 1.5 hours. Participants were tested on 6 different pneumatic resistance machines to determine their one repetition maximum (1RM) and power. Power testing was performed at loads between 30 and 90% of each participant's 1RM. For the chest press and seated row, the optimal load range was between 40 and 60% 1RM, with peak power at 50% (p < 0.001) for both machines. The LAT pull-down optimal load range was between 30 and 50%, with peak power occurring at 40% (p < 0.001). The leg curl and leg press optimal load range was between 50 and 70%, with peak power occurring at 60% (p < 0.001). Peak power for the calf raise occurred at 60% (p < 0.001). We conclude that different exercise movements require the use of different optimal load ranges to maximize muscle power in older persons.
Effects of Energy Drinks on Economy and Cardiovascular Measures
Authors: Peveler Willard W. , Sanders Gabe J. , Marczinski Cecile A. , Holmer Brady 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Peveler, WW, Sanders, GJ, Marczinski, CA, and Holmer, B. Effects of energy drinks on economy and cardiovascular measures. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 882–887, 2017—The use of energy drinks among athletes has risen greatly. Caffeine and taurine are the 2 primary performance enhancing ingredients found in energy drinks. The number of emergency department visits involving energy drinks doubled over the past 5 years. Reviews of the health complications have highlighted adverse cardiovascular events. The literature reveals that caffeine is known to moderately increase blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 3 different energy drinks on cardiovascular and performance measures. Fifteen recreational runners completed 5 trials. The first trial consisted of a graded exercise protocol. The 4 remaining trials consisted of 15-minute economy trials at a treadmill speed consistent with 70% of subject's V̇o
2max. An hour before subjects ingested 1 of the 3 energy drinks or a placebo. HR, BP, V̇o
2, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded during the 15-minute trial. Mean values for dependent measures were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Fifteen-minute systolic BP readings were significantly lower in the placebo trials (156.93 ± 15.50) in relation to the 3 energy drink trials (163.87 ± 13.30, 166.47 ± 13.71, and 165.00 ± 15.23). There were no significant differences in diastolic BP and HR. There were no significant differences found in V̇o
2 or RPE measures. Ingestion of energy drinks demonstrated no change in V̇o
2 or RPE during the economy trials. The findings show no performance benefits under the conditions of this study. However, there does appear to be a significant increase in systolic BP.
¿Los modelos basados en el CAPM valoran adecuadamente los emprendimientos familiares?
Authors: Wong Cam David Ernesto , Chirinos Grados Miguel Víctor 
Published: July 2016

El presente artículo intenta mostrar la pertinencia del modelo VPN-CAPM (valor presente neto que adopta la tasa de descuento prescrita por el capital asset pricing model) para valorar emprendimientos familiares (EPF). Este análisis se realiza bajo dos ópticas: (a) la revisión de los supuestos del CAPM y su adecuación a las características de los emprendimientos, y (b) la eficacia en la prescripción de un conjunto de emprendimientos gestionados por graduados universitarios en un mercado emergente.De un lado, la mayoría de los supuestos del CAPM no se ajustan a las características de los EPF; además, no se dispone de un modelo teórico robusto que permita valorarlos. Por otro lado, de una muestra de 147 emprendimientos solo 3 debieron implementarse bajo el criterio del VPN-CAPM; sin embargo, 17 operaron durante dos o más años. Un caso prescrito como fracaso, después de veinte años, vende rentablemente 184 millones de dólares anuales, y algunos otros casos, después del fracaso inicial, reiniciaron un negocio diferente.
Transformación de los liderazgos en la minería: gestión estratégica para incorporar mujeres a la industria
Authors: Salinas Meruane Paulina Irene , Cordero Chau Camila Fernanda 
Published: July 2016

La menor participación de las mujeres en la industria minera predomina a nivel internacional. En Chile, a pesar de las mayores remuneraciones, del nivel tecnológico y del déficit proyectado de capital humano en el sector, las mujeres representan el 4,2% en las áreas operacionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el rol de las jefaturas mineras para revertir esta condición.Con un estudio de caso, en la Compañía minera Esperanza perteneciente al grupo Antofagasta Minerals, ubicada en el norte de Chile, se entrevistaron en profundidad a nueve jefes de áreas operacionales.Los resultados reportan lo imperativo de ejercer un liderazgo transformacional con perspectiva de género y con ello flexibilizar la gestión del recurso humano, facilitar la adaptación y proyección de las mujeres, promover las jefaturas femeninas y adjudicar a los jefes la responsabilidad de una gestión más simétrica. Estos hallazgos son centrales para una gestión estratégica en una industria que experimenta una alta demanda y un intenso dinamismo a nivel internacional.
Deciphering and Targeting Oncogenic Mutations and Pathways in Breast Cancer
Authors: Santarpia Libero , Bottai Giulia , Kelly Catherine M. , Győrffy Balázs , Székely Borbala , Pusztai Lajos 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAdvances in DNA and RNA sequencing revealed substantially greater genomic complexity in breast cancer than simple models of a few driver mutations would suggest. Only very few, recurrent mutations or copy-number variations in cancer-causing genes have been identified. The two most common alterations in breast cancer are TP53 (affecting the majority of triple-negative breast cancers) and PIK3CA (affecting almost half of estrogen receptor-positive cancers) mutations, followed by a long tail of individually rare mutations affecting &lt;1%–20% of cases. Each cancer harbors from a few dozen to a few hundred potentially high-functional impact somatic variants, along with a much larger number of potentially high-functional impact germline variants. It is likely that it is the combined effect of all genomic variations that drives the clinical behavior of a given cancer. Furthermore, entirely new classes of oncogenic events are being discovered in the noncoding areas of the genome and in noncoding RNA species driven by errors in RNA editing. In light of this complexity, it is not unexpected that, with the exception of HER2 amplification, no robust molecular predictors of benefit from targeted therapies have been identified. In this review, we summarize the current genomic portrait of breast cancer, focusing on genetic aberrations that are actively being targeted with investigational drugs.
DISCRIMINAÇÃO SIMPLES E COMPORTAMENTO CONCEITUAL DE POSIÇÃO: INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES TIPOS DE TREINO
Authors: Melo Raquel Maria de , Jesus Patrícia Serejo de , Hanna Elenice S. 
Published: July 2016

Comportamento conceitual envolve o estabelecimento de classes de estímulos com discriminação interclasses e generalização intraclasse. Esta pesquisa verificou a relação entre o tipo de modificação dos estímulos nos treinos discriminativos e a aquisição de discriminações e de comportamento conceitual de posição. Quinze crianças de 4- 6 anos realizaram tarefas de discriminação simples de posição. Três condições experimentais com treino discriminativo diferente (modificação gradual – MG, múltiplos exemplares – ME e sem modificação - SM dos estímulos utilizados no treino) foram realizadas com todas as crianças. Os participantes deveriam selecionar, em cada condição, o estímulo cujo elemento relacional se localizava dentro, em cima ou à esquerda do elemento de referência. Os treinos foram intercalados com um teste de comportamento conceitual que apresentava estímulos treinados e novos que se diferenciavam apenas com relação à dimensão crítica. Resultados do treino mostraram altos escores nas três condições e menos erros com o Treino MG. Nos testes de comportamento conceitual, desempenhos acima do acaso foram obtidos apenas após o Treino SM. A modificação gradual de estímulos e a utilização de múltiplos exemplares reduziram os erros nos treinos e facilitaram o estabelecimento de discriminações entre estímulos treinados. O treino discriminativo SM com diversas tentativas com os pares de estímulos finais, que diferem apenas na dimensão relevante, produziu comportamento conceitual. Combinar os procedimentos parece, portanto, necessário para acelerar a aquisição das discriminações, prevenir subprodutos dos erros e para gerar controle de estímulos pelas dimensões relevantes. Palavras-chave: aprendizagem sem erro, modelagem de controle de estímulos, múltiplos exemplares, tentativa- e-erro, discriminação de posição, pré-escolares.
CORRESPONDÊNCIA NO AUTO-RELATO DA CRIANÇA: ASPECTOS DE TATOS E DE MANDOS
Authors: Ribeiro Antonio De Freitas 
Published: July 2016

Quatro meninos e quatro meninas (com três a cinco anos de idade) brincavam com até três brinquedos escolhidos de um conjunto de seis, e em seguida relatavam ao experimentador se eles haviam brincado com cada um dos brinquedos. Após uma linha de base na qual todas as crianças mostraram altos níveis de correspondência entre o comportamento e seu relato, relatar ter brincado foi diferencialmente reforçado, primeiro em contexto individual e depois em um contexto de grupo. Duas crianças na condição individual começaram a relatar ter brincado com os seis brinquedos, embora pudessem brincar com no máximo três. Quando relatar ter brincado foi reforçado no contexto de grupo, cinco crianças relataram ter brincado com todos os seis brinquedos. Quando, em seguida, correspondência foi reforçada, correspondência completa retornou e se manteve numa terceira condição de reforçamento não contingente. Correspondência e falta de correspondência foram então discutidas em termos de auto-tatos e tatos distorcidos ou mandos. Palavras-chave: comportamento verbal, (auto) tatos, tatos distorcidos ou mandos, treino de correspondência,comportamento governado por regras, dizer a verdade e mentir, auto-relato, crianças
O LADO HUMANO DO COMPORTAMENTO ANIMAL
Authors: Lattal Kennon A. 
Published: July 2016

Um elemento importante na pesquisa comportamental com animais não humanos é que ela contribui para a compreensão do comportamento humano, o que aqui chamamos de o lado humano do comportamento animal. Este artigo examina as origens da comparação do comportamento humano com o de outros animais, as maneiras como tais comparações são descritas e considerações que surgem de avaliações da validade dessas comparações. A justificativa para tal comparação se originou no reducionismo da fisiologia experimental e no entendimento das similaridades de todas as formas de vida promulgado pela biologia evolucionária darwiniana. Mais recentemente foram adicionadas outras observações, tais como a simplicidade relativa do comportamento animal, afetadas por restrições impostas às comparações resultantes pela ausência do comportamento verbal em animais. A construção de comparações do comportamento humano com o de animais pode ser estruturada com base na distinção de Skinner (1957) entre as formas metafórica e genérica do tato estendido. Tanto a comparação sistemática quanto a ordinária do comportamento humano e animal são congruentes com a abordagem do tato estendido de Skinner. A consideração mais geral ao avaliar comparações do comportamento humano e animal é que seja estabelecida uma base funcional para a similaridade proposta. Análises sistemáticas e evidências convergentes podem contribuir também para a aceitação dessas comparações. Na análise final, portanto, conclusões sobre o lado humano do comportamento animal não são dedutivamente derivadas e raramente são avaliadas com base em seu valor pragmático e heurístico. Tais conclusões representam uma contribuição valiosa para o entendimento do animal humano e para o desenvolvimento de soluções práticas para problemas no comportamento humano aos quais grande parte da psicologia se dedica. Palavras-chave: comportamento animal, comportamento humano, extensão, metáfora, modelo, analogia,simulação, extrapolação, generalização, avaliação