bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequestered oil pollution mapping, and tracking active oil breakouts in sensitive rivers, bays, and estuaries
Authors: Wynn Jeff , Williamson Mike , Frank Jeff 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Oil on the water surface represents just the American Petroleum Institute API &gt; 10 gravity component of any crude oil spill or well blowout, and is identified and tracked by conventional remote sensing means. However, the API ≤ 10 components of the hydrocarbons are not readily accessible by these means. UV sensors on underwater vehicles can sample just a few cubic centimeters at a time and are subject to fouling. Side-scan sonar, under certain conditions, can “see” gas bubbles on the near outer shell of a subsurface plume if they exist early on during a blowout, but cannot assess the entire volume. Oil sequestered in bed sediments in oceans or rivers is not visible to UV sensors, nor is it visible to divers. It is apparent that this sensing gap problem needed to be addressed. A new technology developed by the US Geological Survey, working closely with Williamson & Associates of Seattle, holds promise for rapid mapping and characterization of below-surface hydrocarbons. Crude oil drifting in the deep ocean water column, oil blanketing the seafloor, and oil sequestered in seafloor and river bottom sediments can now be quickly mapped in 3D. If drifting in the seawater column, dispersed oil can be tracked as its distribution evolves over time. This technology also is potentially useful for mapping combined storm-water overflow (CSO, or sewage) deposits, as well as Superfund sites in Puget Sound and other sensitive rivers, bays, and estuaries close to cities that pose serious hazards to both humans and wildlife. The technology is based on a surface-sensitive electro-physical property known as induced polarization (IP). This surface-sensitivity means that highly dispersed IP-reactive materials have more surface area exposed to surrounding water, and are thus more responsive than undispersed materials of the same mass. IP technology has been used successfully for many decades to map disseminated porphyry sulfide deposits on land, but has only been applied commercially at sea since 2007. Recent laboratory and Puget Sound experiments have verified that the IP response of oil dispersed in water and sequestered in sediments is unusually strong: at least 20 times greater than a strong “hit” in an IP survey for sulfide minerals on land. The marine IP system has been towed behind a small boat in as little as 1–2 meters water depth, while one version has been tested (using a towed sled) to 3,500 meters depth. Depending on the cable-streamer design, the depth of detection of chargeable materials in sediments can be greater than 20 meters. It can be used to monitor active drill platforms for leaks. Finally, IP is also strongly reactive to buried pipelines; in the Gulf of Mexico there are over 43,000 miles of poorly-located, often hidden, corroding pipe. We can now map it precisely.
Rates of Deep Continental Burial From Lu‐Hf Garnet Chronology and Zr‐in‐Rutile Thermometry on (Ultra)high‐Pressure Rocks
Authors: Cutts J. A. , Smit M. A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe burial of continental lithosphere in collision zones is a first‐order process in global tectonics. Decades of interdisciplinary research have provided models for continental subduction; however, few empirical constraints exist on the processes and rates of burial, and assessments of the impact of continental collision on the geodynamics of convergent margins are still purely qualitative. A spatially resolved analysis of continental burial in collisional orogens is needed to progress in this field. To this end, we subjected samples collected along a vector parallel to the paleo‐subduction direction of the Western Gneiss Complex—one of the world's largest and best preserved continental ultrahigh‐pressure terranes—to Lu‐Hf garnet chronology and Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry. The Lu‐Hf ages range from 420 to 400 Ma but do not mimic pressure and temperature trends, which decrease up‐slab. Zirconium‐in‐rutile data demonstrate that Lu‐Hf ages of 405–400 Ma represent the cessation of recrystallization at peak conditions during deep burial, whereas ages of 420–410 Ma represent prograde garnet growth, preserved as relics. The differences in P‐T‐t of garnet growth are used to calculate a burial rate of ~5 mm yr−1, which is much slower than the burial of subducting mature oceanic crust. Comparing our observations with those from other collisional settings, including the India‐Asia Collision Zone, demonstrates that burial rates for continental crust are globally uniform and independent of the precollisional convergence rate and slab angle. These results provide a new quantitative framework for evaluating and predicting changes in the geodynamics of active margins during the collision of (super)continents.
Microsystems for Single‐Cell Analysis
Authors: Weiz Sonja M. , Medina‐Sánchez Mariana , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDue to the heterogeneity that exists even between cells of the same tissue, it is essential to use techniques and devices able to resolve the characteristics of single biological cells, such as morphology, metabolism, or response to drugs. To that end, different structures with sizes similar to that of individual cells have been developed in recent years, which allow single‐cell studies with high sensitivity and high resolution. By employing a variety of sensing strategies, one can obtain complementary information about individual cells, and thus create a complete picture of cellular properties. This review aims to provide an overview of microscale single‐cell sensors. The progress in micrometer‐sized sensing probes as well as microfluidic and micropatterned devices is described, showing the capabilities of the available systems. In addition, a comprehensive compendium of systems based on rolled‐up microtubes, which have the potential to advance and improve the single‐cell analysis microsystem field, is comprised.
Porous Carbon Nanosheet‐Supported Chiral Squaramide for Highly Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Reaction
Authors: Zhao Liyuan , Bao Xiaoze , Hu Qingtao , Wang Baomin , Lu An‐Hui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPorous carbon nanosheets (PCNs) were used for the first time as a support to immobilize a quinine–squaramide catalyst for the asymmetric Friedel–Crafts addition of pyrazolones to isatin ketimines. Relying on its open structure with a macroporous network as well as hydrophobicity, the PCN‐supported catalyst presented catalytic performance comparable to its homogeneous catalyst; the products were obtained in high yields (up to 90 %) with high ee values (up to 99 %). Recycling batch reactions together with a continuous flow process confirmed the stability of the catalyst.
Development of electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol)‐based bionanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Enayati Mohammad Saied , Behzad Tayebeh , Sajkiewicz Pawel , Rafienia Mohammad , Bagheri Rouhollah , Ghasemi‐Mobarakeh Laleh , Kolbuk Dorota , Pahlevanneshan Zari , Bonakdar Shahin H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe article is focused on the role of nanohydroxy apatite (nHAp) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as fillers in the electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol) (ES‐PVA) nanofibers for bone tissue engineering (TE). Fibrous scaffolds of PVA, PVA/nHAp (10 wt.%), and PVA/nHAp(10 wt.%)/CNF(3 wt.%) were successfully fabricated and characterized. Tensile test on electrospun PVA/nHAp10 and PVA/nHAp10/CNF3 revealed a three‐fold and seven‐fold increase in modulus compared with pure ES‐PVA (45.45 ± 4.77). Although, nanofiller loading slightly reduced the porosity percentage, all scaffolds had porosity higher than 70%. In addition, contact angle test proved the great hydrophilicity of scaffolds. The presence of fillers reduced in vitro biodegradation rate in PBS while accelerates biomineralization in simulated body fluid (SBF). Furthermore, cell viability, cell attachment, and functional activity of osteoblast MG‐63 cells were studied on scaffolds showing higher cellular activity for scaffolds with nanofillers. Generally, the obtained results confirm that the 3‐componemnt fibrous scaffold of PVA/nHAp/CNF has promising potential in hard TE. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1111–1120, 2018.
Quercetin Attenuates Ethanol‐Induced Iron Uptake and Myocardial Injury by Regulating the Angiotensin II‐L‐Type Calcium Channel
Authors: Guo Xiaoping , Chen Man , Zeng Hongmei , Liu Peiyi , Zhu Xinghong , Zhou Feng , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Jun , Dong Zhuangzhuang , Tang Yuhan , Gao Chao , Yao Ping 
Published: December 2017

ScopeIncreased iron deposition in the myocardium in alcoholics may lead to increased risk of cardiac dysfunction. Quercetin has been demonstrated to quench production of intracellular free iron‐induced –OH, but the effect of quercetin in ethanol‐induced cardiac damage remains unclear. This study aims to explore whether quercetin attenuates ethanol‐induced iron uptake and myocardial injury by regulating angiotensin II‐L‐type voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channel (Ang II‐LTCC).Methods and resultsAdult male C57BL/6J mice are isocalorically pair‐fed either a regular or ethanol‐containing Lieber De Carli liquid diets supplemented with either quercetin (100 mg kg–1 bw) or desferrioxamine mesylate (DFO, 100 mg kg–1 bw) for 15 weeks. Quercetin alleviated ethanol‐induced histopathological changes, creatine kinase isoenzyme release, Ang II secretion, ROS generation, total cardiac iron, and labile iron level. Ethanol exposure or quercetin intervention fails to regulate traditional iron transporters except LTCC. LTCC is upregulated by ethanol and inhibited by quercetin. In H9C2 cell, LTCC is increased by ethanol (100 mm) and/or Ang II (1 μm) concomitant with iron disorders and oxidative stress. This effect is partially normalized by quercetin (50 μm), nifedipine (LTCC inhibitor, 15 μm), or losartan (Ang II receptor antagonist, 100 μm).ConclusionAlcohol‐induced cardiac injury is associated with excessive NTBI uptake mediated by Ang II‐LTCC activation which may be mediated by quercetin against ethanol cardiotoxicity
DE-MORALIZATION AS EMANCIPATION: LIBERTY, PROGRESS, AND THE EVOLUTION OF INVALID MORAL NORMS *
Authors: Buchanan Allen , Powell Russell 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:Liberal thinkers of the Enlightenment understood that surplus moral constraints, imposed by invalid moral norms, are a serious limitation on liberty. They also recognized that overcoming surplus moral constraints — what we call proper de-moralization — is an important dimension of moral progress. Contemporary philosophical theorists of liberty have largely neglected the threat that surplus moral constraints pose to liberty and the importance of proper de-moralization for human emancipation. This essay examines the phenomena of surplus moral constraints and proper de-moralization, utilizing insights from biological and cultural evolutionary thinking
L’apport critique de l’évaluation de la communication dans le diagnostic précoce de l’apraxie primaire progressive de la parole
Authors: Bouvier Liziane , Monetta Laura , Laforce Robert , Verret Louis , Martel-Sauvageau Vincent 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTPrimary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAoS) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by speech apraxia at its onset; as it progresses, it often evolves into total mutism. Even though this syndrome is increasingly recognized, its early differential diagnostic is still complex. The objective of this study was to illustrate why a fine evaluation of speech and language is essential for the differential diagnosis of PPAoS. This longitudinal case study presents the progression of a PPAoS patient over a period of 5 years. Periodic neurological and speech-language assessments were carried out to follow the progression of neurological, memory, language and speech symptoms. The different diagnostic labels established over time were also reported. The evolution of the patient’s communication profile was characterized by a preservation of language components and episodic memory, in parallel with a progressive deterioration of speech which gradually reduced intelligibility, and was associated with signs of spasticity, resulting in a complete anarthria. This case study sheds light upon the evolution of a patient with PPAoS. A better understanding of the clinical profile and progression of PPAoS is necessary in order to improve early diagnosis and adequate care for these patients.
Japanese Foxtail (Alopecurus japonicus) Management in Wheat in China: Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence, and Response to Herbicide Treatments
Authors: Wang Hengzhi , Huang Yizhao , Zhang Lele , Liu Weitang , Wang Jinxin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLittle information is published related to seed germination and seedling emergence of Japanese foxtail, a troublesome annual grass weed widely distributed in winter wheat fields in China. Three Japanese foxtail populations were studied under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, to determine the effects of different environmental factors on seed germination or seedling emergence. Chemical control is absolutely necessary in integrated management, and efficacy of POST herbicides against different growth stages of Japanese foxtail was evaluated. Germination rate was 90% or more when temperature ranged from 5 to 25 C, with germination onset shortened as temperature increased. Light was not required for germination to occur. For pH values ranging from 5 to10 there was no effect on seed germination. Japanese foxtail seed germination was sensitive to osmotic stress and completely inhibited at an osmotic potential of -1.1 MPa. The ‘1513’ population of Japanese foxtail demonstrated tolerance to soil salinity, with 98% germination at 80 mM NaCl compared with 25 and 40% germination for populations ‘1532’ and ‘1544’, respectively. High amounts of crop residue (10 t ha−1) suppressed Japanese foxtail emergence 38 to 55%. Germination of seeds placed at 160 C for 5 min was completely inhibited for dry seeds, with a similar effect at 130 C for pre-soaked seeds. Seed burial in the soil from 0 to 4 cm had no effect on seedling emergence, but burial at 7 cm completely inhibited seedling emergence. POST herbicides mesosulfuron-methyl (13.5 g ai ha−1), clodinafop-propargyl (67.5 g ai ha−1), pyroxsulam (13.5 g ai ha−1), pinoxaden (67.5 g ai ha−1) and isoproturon (1125 g ai ha−1) reduced plant dry weight 80% or more when applied at three- to seven-leaf stage, but control declined with application at later growth stages. The information from this study helps to develop an integrated approach to Japanese foxtail management.
Neonatal Hypoxia–Ischemia Causes Functional Circuit Changes in Subplate Neurons
Authors: Sheikh Aminah , Meng Xiangying , Liu Ji , Mikhailova Alexandra , Kao Joseph P Y , McQuillen Patrick S , Kanold Patrick O 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI) in the preterm human results in damage to subcortical developing white matter and cognitive impairments. Subplate neurons (SPNs) are among the first-born cortical neurons and are necessary for normal cerebral development. While moderate or severe HI at P1 in rats leads to SPN loss, it is unclear if HI, esp. forms not associated with overt cell loss lead to altered SPN circuits. Thus, we used two HI models with different severities in P1 rats. Cauterization of the common carotid artery (CCA) causes a largely transient and thus milder ischemia (HI-Caut) while CCA ligation causes more severe ischemia (HI-Lig). While HI-Lig caused subplate damage, HI-Caut did not cause overt histological damage on the light microscopic level. We used laser-scanning photostimulation (LSPS) in acute thalamocortical slices of auditory cortex during P5–10 to study the functional connectivity of SPNs. Both HI categories resulted in hyperconnectivity of excitatory and inhibitory circuits to SPNs. Thus, alterations on the circuit level are present in the absence of cell loss. Our results show that SPN circuits are uniquely susceptible to HI. Given the key developmental role of SPNs, our results suggest that altered SPN circuits might underlie the abnormal development of cortical function after HI.
Torn, Burned, and Yet Dancing
Authors: Beeston Alix 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis chapter discusses the collaborative and institutionalized mode of production in studio-era Hollywood through the lens of the two major projects that comprised the work of the final year of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s life: the screenplay “Cosmopolitan” and the unfinished novel The Last Tycoon. These texts modify the modernist literary trope of the woman-in-series in concert with classical Hollywood’s defining logic of substitution and repetition. Ultimately derived from the basic seriality of the photogrammatic track, this logic is incarnated by female characters in “Cosmopolitan” and The Last Tycoon who, in refusing to remain silent substitutes for other women, rupture the illusory conceits of seamless fictional narration in classical Hollywood—and its equally seamless discourse of femininity. Fitzgerald’s Hollywood writing thus confronts the gendered and racialized limits of the modernist literary field and, in the process, unravels the myth of the solitary author and the singular, stable literary text.
Coda
Authors: Beeston Alix 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBuilding on new work that acknowledges the abstract and self-reflexive elements of Walker Evans’s photography, as well as his contributions to avant-garde art practice in the 1930s, this chapter analyzes select images from his 1938 photographic sequence, American Photographs. Evans’s photobook represents the modern United States as a vast machine for constituting subjectivities—but a machine that might be recalibrated or reverse engineered. It therefore emblematizes the subversive power of the woman-in-series in composite modernist writing: a figure who upsets the subject–object relations of this writing, bidding us to enter into the “shared hallucination” that is initiated, for Roland Barthes, by photography.
Biotics: Competition, Herbivory, Predation, Parasitism and Symbiosis
Authors: Brönmark Christer , Hansson Lars-Anders 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIf biological interactions, such as competition and predation, have any effect on population dynamics, or if abiotic factors alone determine which organisms, how many of them do we see in a specific ecosystem, was for long a controversial question. This chapter aims at providing the basis for the understanding of biological interactions, as well as showing ample examples of how important those interactions are in shaping both population dynamics and ecosystem function of natural systems. In addition to the many examples, the reader is introduced to the history and the theoretical basis for biological interactions.
Know Your Business Model
Authors: Volberda Henk , van den Bosch Frans , Heij Kevin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChapter 2 focuses on what a business model is and what it affords: it is a unique mix of activities which results in value creation and delivers value appropriation and competitive advantage. Competitive advantage can be sustained only for a limited period, so firms must innovate their business model – through replication or through renewal. Replication means firms scale up and improve their existing business model over time, for example, McDonald’s and IKEA. Renewal involves firms bringing in a brand new, very different business model, for example, DSM, which has reinvented itself several times, and the temping agency Randstad. Chapter 2 also identifies several levers of business model innovation, the main one being new technology. Complementary levers include new managerial practices, new organizational forms, and co-creation with new partners.
How Firms Modify Their Business Model
Authors: Volberda Henk , van den Bosch Frans , Heij Kevin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChapter 3 describes how firms tackle business model innovation in practice. Most simply replicate their successful business model, a few try to fundamentally renew theirs, but many cannot change, suffering from ‘business model fixation’. Some corporate entrepreneurs replicate the existing model in one part of the firm but develop a radical new one elsewhere (dual focus). This chapter examines when, why, and the extent to which firms and industries focus on replication, renewal, or dual focus approaches. It considers how replication and renewal contribute to a firm’s performance, and to what degree this depends on the level of environmental dynamism and competitiveness. It is of note that one in three firms is in a permanent state of fixation, ignoring any warning signs that they should change.
Levers for Business Model Innovation
Authors: Volberda Henk , van den Bosch Frans , Heij Kevin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChapter 4 shows how firms can use four different levers—technology, management practices, organizational forms, and co-creation—for business model innovation, and questions which combinations of levers are the most successful. The chapter starts by showing how Polaroid’s strong focus on developing technological skills was not accompanied by the development of new markets and distribution channels. The case demonstrates that mediocre technology with a superior business model can deliver more value than superior technology with a mediocre business model. Research on the firms Ericsson, Muji, Oticon, and Zara to see how they use the four levers to innovate their business model reveals that adjusting management practices is the most important in both renewal and replication. Examples of firms using different combinations of levers are TomTom’s technologically oriented renewal (combining new technologies with entrepreneurial management practices), Ericsson’s internally oriented renewal (through technology, agile management practices, and organizational forms), Procter & Gamble’s externally oriented renewal (through co-creation, new management practices, and organizational forms), and DSM’s integrated renewal (using all four levers).
Business Model Transformation
Authors: Volberda Henk , van den Bosch Frans , Heij Kevin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChapter 6 explores the dynamics of business model innovation by discussing the interactions between Sony and Apple over the minidisc and the MP3 player. Seemingly, a period of business model renewal is likely to be followed by business model replication. Both renewal and replication can be internally driven, or externally driven. Combining types of business model innovation (replication versus renewal) with business model orientation (strategy-driven versus customer-driven) gives four variations of business model transformation: exploit and improve, explore and dominate, exploit and connect, and explore and connect. This chapter considers four firms for illustration: DSM, the Port of Rotterdam Authority, NXP Semiconductors, and IHC Merwede. If one thinks of the four approaches as quadrants in a matrix, these cases show how firms can change their position within that matrix over time.