bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience of the Yaroslavl state University. P. G. Demidov to strengthen a practice-oriented approach in the implementation of educational programs "Bachelor of tourism" and "Master in tourism"
Authors: Данилов Андрей , Danilov Andrey 
Published: June 2016

The article focuses on the implementation of a practice-oriented education in Bachelor’s and Master&#180;s programmes in tourism in P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University. These requirements are set by the Federal State Educational Standard 3 and 3+ and are dictated by the real labor market. The practice-oriented approach is achieved through the applying of interactive training forms, involving of experts in tourism industry, organization of various kinds of practices associated with real activity, realization training trips and extracurricular students’ activities. An important factor of increasing the connection of the educational process with the actual needs of the tourism business is the formulation of final results in the form of specific professions. This approach allows organizing training modules in accordance with the tourist industry requirements. An important form of the formation of business thinking in students, who are studying tourism, is their work at workshops on the development of specific programs or objects by request the municipal or commercial establishments. In contrast to the bachelor degree course for master course at the Yaroslavl State University are formulated professional guidelines relating to the enterprise management in the tourism industry, territory management, as well as the development of territorial tourism and recreation complexes.
The high demand of the University graduates at the enterprises of the tourism industry proves the success of this approach in the educational field.
On the Issue of Financial Development of Science
Authors: Миславская  , Mislavskaya N. 
Published: June 2016

Article is devoted to the verifi cation of scientifi c knowledge in relation to the Russian accounting system. Th e
author’s position is built on the basis of the classical approaches of philosophy of science; the fi ndings justify the need
to change the key methodological approaches and the high importance of accounting in terms of decision of competent
management decisions.
Real Options As the Means for Increasing the Efficiency of the Budgetary Costs in Health Care
Authors: Колмаков  , Kolmakov V. , Полякова  , Polyakova A. 
Published: June 2016

Th e paper presents a solution for the task of preventing ineffi cient budget for capital costs that arise due to
underfunding of current projects (“compelled ineffi ciency”) using the real options methodology, thus facilitating the
growth of the whole budgeting process effi ciency due to preconditioning the decrease of preventive advances paid to
contractors.
The Expanse of Archaeological Remains at Nalanda: A Study Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Rajani M. B. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Historical records suggest that Nalanda was a Buddhist monastery of considerable repute with immense physical dimensions, which remained in existence from the fourth/fifth century until at least the end of the twelfth. This study investigates the area around Nalanda for evidence of human activity at such spatiotemporal scales using satellite images. Among its finds are: the site is much larger than the property protected by the Archaeological Survey of India; there is evidence of additional temples and monasteries; and there are indications of a large archaeological structure under Begumpur that was either a part of the Nalanda complex or a separate entity.
Shifting Identities in Wu Bin's Album of the Twenty-five Dharma-gates of Perfect Wisdom
Authors: Lo Hui-Chi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Through a close reading of the śūramgama Sutra (Lengyanjing) and an iconographic study of the images, the author concludes that many of the current labels in Wu Bin's Hua lengyan ershiwu yuantong foxiang ce (Album of the twenty-five dharma-gates of perfect wisdom) are erroneous and proposes new identifications for these Buddhist sages. This paper modifies the well-accepted scholarly opinion that the album is a “free fabrication of absurdities” and shows that Wu Bin, a devoted jushi (Buddhist layman) of the late Ming dynasty, correctly visualized the methods of enlightenment as described in the sutra with his album.
Protéger le crédit de l ’État
Authors: Delalande Nicolas 
Published: June 2016

RésuméCet article s’intéresse à la création dans le droit français, en 1924, d’un nouveau délit destiné à poursuivre les « atteintes au crédit de l’État », une notion utilisée pour désigner les discours et les pratiques susceptibles de fragiliser la réputation financière de l’État, dans un contexte de crise budgétaire, d’instabilité monétaire et de fortes tensions politiques. Les autorités policières et judiciaires érigent alors le « crédit de l’État » en attribut de la souveraineté nationale, devant être protégé contre des menaces internes et externes. Une réflexion d’histoire intellectuelle sur les fondements du crédit public, ainsi que l’analyse des archives de la répression de ce nouveau délit, permettent de mesurer la difficulté des pouvoirs publics à délimiter ce qui ressort du libre jeu du marché et de la protection de l’ordre public. L’enquête conduit plus largement à souligner les aspects indissociablement matériels et immatériels qui fondent la confiance des individus dans les papiers – dette et monnaie – émis par l’État.
Faire la guerre et faire l ’État
Authors: Pincus Steve , Robinson James 
Published: June 2016

Résumé
Cet article propose une critique de la pertinence de la notion d’État fiscal-militaire, en se penchant plus particulièrement sur le cas exemplaire de la Grande-Bretagne qui consacra une part significativement moindre des revenus du gouvernement au domaine militaire que tout autre État européen. En outre, il met en lumière d’autres sources de dépenses civiles importantes, notamment l’investissement massif de l’État britannique dans le développement colonial, dont les travaux existants ne tiennent pas compte, de même que l’historiographie fiscale ignore de larges pans de l’activité étatique. Finalement, nous défendons la thèse que l’État britannique – ainsi que d’autres États modernes, de manière très probable – n’a pas été forgé par les guerres. La guerre n’a pas fait l’État britannique, et c’est pour cette raison qu’il fut peu enclin à s’engager dans des conflits armés.
Zombieland and the inversion of the subaltern Zombie
Authors: Christopher David 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Who doesn’t love a good zombie splatter-fest? Appealing to commercial audiences and cultural theorists alike, the American zombie movie has been characterized as both a pariah of low art and a rich source of critical insight. In its earliest incarnations, along with much of the broader genre of horror film that preceded it, the zombie film was deemed unworthy of critical analysis. Pioneers such as George A. Romero, however, provided filmic fare that was imbued with political significance. As the zombie genre evolved and matured, it reflected increasingly sophisticated and radical interrogations against the hegemony of the patriarchal culture in which it was produced, carried through the metaphor of zombies who were subaltern in either their undead abjection or their disenfranchized social identities. Recently, however, Christopher Sharrett insisted that “[a]lthough the popularity of the zombie film today is enormous, its value as social/political commentary is not only almost totally gone, it has been transformed by neoconservative culture into its opposite.” This article seeks to elucidate the different interpretations of the somewhat nebulous term ‘subaltern’ and the way it has been co-opted by conservative factions through a thorough analysis of the 2009 reflexive zombie parody Zombieland.
Transatlantic genre hybridity in Danny Boyle’s 28 Days Later
Authors: Decker Lindsey 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between genre hybridity and national genres in British director Danny Boyle’s financially successful and critically acclaimed horror film 28 Days Later (2002). The film narratively and visually cites American director George Romero’s original Dead trilogy (1968’s Night of the Living Dead, 1978’s Dawn of the Dead and 1985’s Day of the Dead), positioning itself within the zombie horror subgenre. However, much of the cinematography in 28 Days Later self-reflexively deploys cinematographic practices common in British documentary, realist film and heritage film. The film also responds to contemporary British cultural concerns, including animal activism, media effects and surveillance culture. Through its cinematography and relation to contemporary cultural issues, the film knowingly positions itself as part of British cinema. Through its generic hybridity and self-reflexivity, 28 Days Later engages with British film culture’s discursive construction of British cinema and its transatlantic relationship with the US film industry, often represented metonymically by Hollywood. This article argues that in doing so, the film produces a subtle critique of Americanization, positioning the film as part of the anti-Americanization discourse prevalent in British film culture, as well as attempting to frame the horror genre as a worthy element of British national cinema.
‘A slight lesion in the grey matter’: The gothic brain in Arthur Machen’s The Great God Pan
Authors: Rebry Natasha 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In Arthur’s Machen’s The Great God Pan (1894), a neurological experiment produces a demonic woman who brings about the mental, physical and social deterioration of almost all with whom she comes into contact. In this text, as in much of his other fiction, Machen characterizes the brain as an interstitial site between mind and body as well as a portal to supernatural forces, demonstrating an engagement with philosophical issues raised by nineteenth-century mental physiology and neurology. Through its portrayal of neurological theories and experimental practices, The Great God Pan demonstrates anxiety over the biological reductionism and materialism of late Victorian mental science, especially the threat to self-governance and the potential erosion of social stability occasioned by a lack of will or spiritual force guiding human thought and action.
Hinduism in the Roman Catholic Imagination between the Two World Wars
Authors: Beltramini Enrico 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This article explores the Roman Catholic intellectual milieu and the articulated perspective of theologians and missionaries on Hinduism in the period between the two World Wars. In the aftermath of World War I, the Roman Catholic Church elaborated a vision of Christian missions that would continue the civilization of India when the political power of Western nations vanishes. In this context, the new science of missiology absorbed the modern valorization of method in studying non-Christian religions, including Hinduism, while maintaining theological concerns about the truth of Christianity.
A Flexible Link Function for Discrete-Time Duration Models
Authors: Hess Wolfgang , Tutz Gerhard , Gertheiss Jan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper proposes a discrete-time hazard regression approach based on the relation between hazard rate models and excess over threshold models, which are frequently encountered in extreme value modelling. The proposed duration model employs a flexible link function and incorporates the grouped-duration analogue of the well-known Cox proportional hazards model and the proportional odds model as special cases. The theoretical setup of the model is motivated, and simulation results are reported, suggesting that the model proposed performs well. The simulation results and an empirical analysis of US import durations also show that the choice of link function in discrete hazard models has important implications for the estimation results, and that severe biases in the results can be avoided when using a flexible link function.
Exploring Racial Integration: Views from an African American, Male, Former School Superintendent
Authors: Lancellot Michael 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This research is an ethnography (Murchison, 2010) that describes the lived experiences of a university professor and former public school superintendent. The work explores racial integration and desegregation of America’s public school system. Through a series of seven semi-structured interviews, background information has been collected about the educational leader’s ethnic identity, personal experiences as a student in public schools and professional background. Descriptions of the challenges, issues, and success of racial integration are presented from the professional experience of the educational leader along with existing contemporary challenges.
Similar and different: cognitive rhythm and effort in translation and paraphrasing
Authors: Whyatt Bogusława , Stachowiak Katarzyna , Kajzer-Wietrzny Marta 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlthough Jakobson’s (1959) seminal classification of translation into three kinds: interlingual, intralingual and intersemiotic has been widely accepted in Translation Studies, so far most research interest has focused on interlingual translation, defined as “translation proper”. Intralingual translation, more often understood as rewording, paraphrasing or reformulation within the same language, is a less prototypical kind of translation, yet we believe that the underlying mental operations needed to perform both tasks include similar processing stages. Bearing in mind the lack of research comparing inter-and intralingual translation we designed the ParaTrans project in which we investigate how translators make decisions in both tasks. In this article we present the results of a comparative analysis of processing effort and cognitive rhythm demonstrated by professional translators who were asked to translate and paraphrase similar texts. Having collected three streams of translation process data with such tools as key-logging, eye-tracking and screen-capture software, we are able to draw some tentative conclusions concerning the similarities and differences between language processing for interlingual translation and intralingual paraphrasing. The results confirm a higher processing effort in interlingual translation most likely due to the need to switch between languages.
Simplification in inter- and intralingual translation – combining corpus linguistics, key logging and eye-tracking
Authors: Kajzer-Wietrzny Marta , Whyatt Bogusława , Stachowiak Katarzyna 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAs some scholars view inter-and intra-lingual translation as a parallel activity, it is vital to establish to what extent the products of these processes are alike, and whether the processes themselves differ. This paper investigates stylistic simplification, a frequently hypothesised translation universal which involves, among others, breaking up long sentences in the process of translation (
Directionality and context effects in word translation tasks performed by conference interpreters
Authors: Chmiel Agnieszka 
Published: June 2016

AbstractProfessional interpreters employed by international institutions usually work into their L1 from their L2, while freelance interpreters tend to work both into and from their L1. A study was devised to see if the long-term interpreting unidirectional practice (in the L2–L1 direction only), in contrast to bidirectional practice (in the L2–L1 and L1–L2 direction), influences the speed of lexical retrieval manifested through shorter translation latencies. Forty-eight professional conference interpreters produced oral translations of nouns presented in isolation, in high context constraint sentences and in low context constraint sentences. Contrary to predictions, unidirectional interpreters did not manifest directionality asymmetry and their L2–L1 translation latencies were not shorter than L1–L2 translation latencies. Surprisingly, the L2–L1 direction advantage was found in the group of bidirectional interpreters. The data suggest that the dominant directionality in interpreting practice has little impact on the strength of interlingual lexical links in the interpreter’s mental lexicon or that other factors (such as language use, exposure and immersion) might offset any such impact. The study also revealed an expected context effect, which shows that interpreters use semantic constraint to anticipate sentence-final words.
Does personality matter in translation? interdisciplinary research into the translation process and product
Authors: Lehka-Paul Olha , Whyatt Bogusława 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe paper reports on the first pilot study planned within a broader interdisciplinary research project on translator’s personality profile viewed from the psychological and cognitive perspectives. The study aims to test the assumption that there is a link between personality features and translation performance. It is our initial attempt to incorporate translation process research and product evaluation into the investigation of personality factors involved in translation. Two major directions of analysis have been selected: personality traits as related to the quality of the translation product, and cognitive functions as related to the process of translation. The tentative conclusions confirm the idea that personality characteristics are important building blocks for further development of translation competence and expertise.
Of minds and men – computers and translators
Authors: Muñoz Martín Ricardo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTranslation process research (TPR) efforts seem at times unconcerned with the theoretical foundations they need to interpret their results. A pervasive theoretical approach within TPR has been the mind-as-computer view. This approach has fostered both mechanistic and functional explanations of the translation process, including semantic notions of meaning, unrealistic constructs of the mental lexicon, and reified notions of equivalence. Some consequences of the approach are illustrated with discussions in the realm of translation quality assessment (automated and combined metrics, rubrics based on error categorization, and the impact of human variables and factors) and the monitor model hypothesis and its recent developments. Alternative approaches that draw from 4EA cognition are sketched that suggest that meaning is encyclopedic; that it is a process that cannot be measured; that the mental lexicon is only an abstraction of a part of (world-) knowledge; and that the tendency to choose default translations follows from the very structure of the brain/mind and the minimax principle.
Do Smaller Governments Raise the Level or Growth of Output? A Review of Recent Evidence
Authors: Gemmell Norman , Au Joey 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Theoretical developments, improved methodologies and more extensive data have helped generate a dramatic increase in the literature testing for the impact of government size and fiscal policy on economic growth in recent years. We review a range of the more recent evidence and examine (1) the consistency or robustness of the results; (2) how these results differ from the earlier literature and (3) their usefulness as a guide to policy reform in practice. We find that the last decade has produced more robust evidence and more plausible orders of magnitude on the impact of fiscal policy on growth. However, the value of this evidence remains limited as a basis for quantifying macro-economic responses to fiscal policy reform in practice.
Corporate Balance Sheet Adjustment: Stylized Facts, Causes and Consequences
Authors: Ruscher Eric , Wolff Guntram B. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Using national account data, we define corporate balance sheet adjustment episodes as periods during which major increases in non-financial corporations’ net lending/ borrowing are experienced. An analysis of such episodes in Germany and Japan, and a more systematic exploration of a sample of 30 countries, show that corporate balance sheet adjustment tends to be long lasting and associated with significant effects on current accounts, wages and investment. Adjustment episodes lead to significant changes in corporate balance sheets ratios with a build-up of liquidity and a reduction of leverage. The adjustment is generally achieved by reducing investment and increasing savings on the back of a falling wage share. A panel econometric exercise shows that balance sheet adjustment periods are triggered by macroeconomic downturns as well as balance sheet stress due to high debt, low liquidity and negative equity price shocks.
Opening Clauses in Collective Bargaining Agreements: More Flexibility to Save Jobs?
Authors: Brändle Tobias , Heinbach Wolf Dieter 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper analyses the impact of opening clauses in German collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) on job flows. Opening clauses should provide firms with more flexibility in economic crises. Therefore, firms operating under a CBA with opening clauses are expected to have lower job turnover, in particular lower job destruction under bad business conditions, and - if job creation is not adversely affected - higher job growth. We analyse this question empirically using data from the IAB Establishment Panel, a large and representative data set on German establishments. We supplement the data with additional information on the existence of opening clauses in CBAs in the West German manufacturing sector (using the IAW Data Set on Opening Clauses). By means of a matching approach, we address selection problems in flexible CBAs and reveal that the existence of opening clauses has a positive, albeit not always significant, effect on job growth. In contrast, there are no significant effects on job destruction and job creation per se, and, based on information given in the IAB Establishment Panel itself, explicit knowledge of opening clauses or their application have no additional effect on job flows.
Potential anti-competitive effects of emission permit markets – A survey on theoretical findings and evidence
Authors: Reichenbach Johanna , Requate Till 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Emissions trading has been established as an important instrument of pollution control in many world regions. However concerns have been raised whether or not emission-trading schemes may distort competition either on the permit market itself or on related output markets. In this paper we review tradable emission-allowance schemes with special reference to anti-competitive effects. Such distortions may be caused by large firms exercising market power on the allowance market by holding down supply or suppressing demand in order to manipulate prices to their advantage. Firms may also try to abuse the allowance market to put other firms, with whom they compete on the output market, at a competitive disadvantage. Further distortions and abuses may be caused by special or ill-defined rules on the allowance market or other markets. In this paper we survey theoretical insights on potential anti-comptitive effects of emissions trading and also provide some empirical evidence for market power abuses on auctioned and grandfathered allowance markets with a particular focus on the (alleged) allowance market abuse by power utilities in Germany and California.