bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘You've got your own demons that you've got to fight every day’: A qualitative exploration of how people respond to the experience of psychosis
Authors: Tully Sarah , Wells Adrian , Morrison Anthony P. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesCognitive models of psychosis implicate how people respond to their distressing experiences in the maintenance of such experiences. Safety‐seeking behaviours, which are employed in response to a catastrophic misinterpretation of threat, are viewed as unhelpful maintenance factors. However, the concept of safety seeking was developed in relation to anxiety disorders, and there may be additional complexities that apply in relation to the experience of psychosis. The ways in which people respond to their distressing experiences of psychosis are complex, multifaceted, and changeable, and qualitative research is needed to further the understanding of this process.DesignA qualitative study was conducted using grounded theory methodology.MethodIn‐depth interviews were conducted with fifteen participants who had experience of psychosis.ResultsA core category of fighting a daily battle to maintain functioning was identified. Related to this, three main themes also emerged. These were the perceived importance of responses, appraisal of threat, and perceived ability to control experiences. These categories are interrelated in that an increase in one is likely to result in increases in the others.ConclusionAlthough these results provide partial support for the traditional view of safety‐seeking behaviours, they also demonstrate further complexities in the way that distressing psychotic experiences are responded to. This has implications for cognitive behavioural therapy where emphasis is often placed on dropping safety‐seeking behaviours.Practitioner points

The traditional emphasis in cognitive behavioural therapy on dropping safety‐seeking behaviours may not always be appropriate.

This approach could have an impact on engagement in therapy and have the effect of reducing the client's feelings of choice and control.

A detailed assessment of strategies used historically and how these may have been helpful previously, for example, suspiciousness, and withdrawal as a survival strategy should be conducted.

The therapist should support the client to evaluate the importance of their responses alongside the accuracy of both threat appraisals and perceptions of ability to control experiences.
Mechanistic Analysis of Fluorescence Quenching of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide by Oxamate in Lactate Dehydrogenase Ternary Complexes
Authors: Peng Huo‐Lei , Callender Robert 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFluorescence of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) is extensively employed in studies of oxidoreductases. A substantial amount of static and kinetic work has focused on the binding of pyruvate or substrate mimic oxamate to the binary complex of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)‐NADH where substantial fluorescence quenching is typically observed. However, the quenching mechanism is not well understood limiting structural interpretation. Based on time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) computations with cam‐B3LYP functional in conjunction with the analysis of previous experimental results, we propose that bound oxamate acts as an electron acceptor in the quenching of fluorescence of NADH in the ternary complex, where a charge transfer (CT) state characterized by excitation from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the nicotinamide moiety of NADH to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of oxamate exists close to the locally excited (LE) state involving only the nicotinamide moiety. Efficient quenching in the encounter complex like in pig heart LDH requires that oxamate forms a salt bridge with Arg‐171 and hydrogen bonds with His‐195, Thr‐246 and Asn‐140. Further structural rearrangement and loop closure, which also brings about another hydrogen bond between oxamate and Arg‐109, will increase the rate of fluorescence quenching as well.
Population structure, genetic diversity, and sexual state of the rice brown spot pathogen Bipolaris oryzae from three Asian countries
Authors: Ahmadpour A. , Castell‐Miller C. , Javan‐Nikkhah M. , Naghavi M. R. , Dehkaei F. P. , Leng Y. , Puri K. D. , Zhong S. 
Published: April 2017

Bipolaris oryzae causes brown spot in rice (Oryza sativa) inflicting substantial grain yield losses worldwide. Knowledge of the population structure, genetic diversity and sexual recombination of the fungal pathogen can help to implement effective disease management strategies. In this study, B. oryzae isolates sampled from Iran, the Philippines and Japan were analysed with 12 simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers, newly developed from the genome sequence of the fungus. Among the 288 B. oryzae isolates genotyped, 278 unique haplotypes were identified. High genotype numbers (richness) with even distribution (evenness) were found within the collection sites. Both mating types, MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2, were present in each collection area, and the sexual state was induced under controlled conditions with production of viable ascospores. However, the tests of linkage disequilibrium rejected of the hypothesis of random mating. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed that the B. oryzae collection formed three clusters, each consisting of isolates from different collection sites. Analysis of molecular variance (amova) showed that genetic variation among clusters was 18.7%, with the rest of the variation distributed within clusters (RST = 0.187, P < 0.001). Statistically significant pairwise genetic differentiation was found between the clusters. These results show that Asian B. oryzae isolates are genetically diverse, and, overall, distributed in three groups. These findings will be helpful in managing the disease and guide the use of representative isolates needed for selection of resistant rice varieties.
Participation of phosphofructokinase, malate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase in capacitation and acrosome reaction of boar spermatozoa
Authors: Breininger E , Dubois D , Pereyra VE , Rodriguez PC , Satorre MM , Cetica PD 
Published: April 2017

ContentsThe aim of this work was to determine the enzymatic activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in boar spermatozoa and study their participation in bicarbonate‐induced capacitation and follicular fluid‐induced acrosome reaction. Enzymatic activity of these enzymes was determined spectrophotometrically in extracts of boar spermatozoa. Sperm suspensions were incubated in the presence of bicarbonate (40 mM), a well‐known capacitation inducer, or follicular fluid (30%), as an acrosome reaction inducer, and different concentrations of oxoglutarate, oxalomalate and hydroxymalonate, inhibitors of PFK, IDH and MDH, respectively. Capacitation percentages were determined by the fluorescence technique of chlortetracycline (CTC), and true acrosome reaction was determined by trypan blue and differential–interferential contrast, optical microscopy. The activity of PFK in boar spermatozoa enzymatic extracts was 1.70 ± 0.19 U/1010 spermatozoa, the activity of NAD‐ and NADP‐dependent IDH was 0.111 ± 0.005 U/1010 and 2.22 ± 0.14 U/1010 spermatozoa, respectively, and the activity of MDH was 4.24 ± 0.38 U/1010 spermatozoa. The addition of the specific inhibitors of these enzymes prevented sperm capacitation and decreased sperm motility during capacitation and inhibited the acrosome reaction (AR), without affecting the sperm motility during this process. Our results demonstrate the participation of PFK, IDH and MDH in bicarbonate‐induced capacitation and follicular fluid‐induced acrosome reaction in boar spermatozoa, contributing to elucidate the mechanisms that produce energy necessary for these processes in porcine spermatozoa.
Identification of Brucella spp. in feral swine (Sus scrofa) at abattoirs in Texas, USA
Authors: Pedersen K. , Bauer N. E. , Olsen S. , Arenas‐Gamboa A. M. , Henry A. C. , Sibley T. D. , Gidlewski T. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryVarious tissues, nasal swabs, urine and blood samples were collected from 376 feral swine at two federally inspected abattoirs in Texas during six separate sampling periods in 2015. Samples were tested for Brucella spp. by culture and serology. Brucella spp. were cultured from 13.0% of feral swine, and antibodies were detected in 9.8%. Only 32.7% of culture‐positive feral swine were also antibody positive, and 43.2% of antibody‐positive feral swine were culture positive. Approximately, the same number of males (14.0%) and females (12.1%) were culture positive, and slightly more males (10.5%) than females (8.7%) were antibody positive. Our results indicate that serology likely underestimates the prevalence of feral swine infected, and that those who come in contact with feral swine should be aware of the symptoms of infection with Brucella spp. to ensure prompt treatment.
Dynamic Expression of the BabA Adhesin and Its BabB Paralog during Helicobacter pylori Infection in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Hansen Lori M. , Gideonsson Pär , Canfield Don R. , Borén Thomas , Solnick Jay V. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Most
Helicobacter pylori
strains express the BabA adhesin, which binds to ABO/Leb blood group antigens on gastric mucin and epithelial cells and is found more commonly in strains that cause peptic ulcers or gastric cancer, rather than asymptomatic infection. We and others have previously reported that in mice, gerbils, and rhesus macaques, expression of
babA
is lost, either by phase variation or by gene conversion, in which the
babB
paralog recombines into the
babA
locus. The functional significance of loss of
babA
expression is unknown. Here we report that in rhesus monkeys, there is independent selective pressure for loss of
babA
and for overexpression of BabB, which confers a fitness advantage. Surprisingly, loss of
babA
by phase variation or gene conversion is not dependent on the capacity of BabA protein to bind Leb, which suggests that it may have other, unrecognized functions. These findings have implications for the role of outer membrane protein diversity in persistent
H. pylori
infection.
TAxonomy of Self-reported Sedentary behaviour Tools (TASST) framework for development, comparison and evaluation of self-report tools: content analysis and systematic review
Authors: Dall PM , Coulter EH , Fitzsimons CF , Skelton DA , Chastin SFM 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveSedentary behaviour (SB) has distinct deleterious health outcomes, yet there is no consensus on best practice for measurement. This study aimed to identify the optimal self-report tool for population surveillance of SB, using a systematic framework.DesignA framework, TAxonomy of Self-reported Sedentary behaviour Tools (TASST), consisting of four domains (type of assessment, recall period, temporal unit and assessment period), was developed based on a systematic inventory of existing tools. The inventory was achieved through a systematic review of studies reporting SB and tracing back to the original description. A systematic review of the accuracy and sensitivity to change of these tools was then mapped against TASST domains.Data sourcesSystematic searches were conducted via EBSCO, reference lists and expert opinion.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesThe inventory included tools measuring SB in adults that could be self-completed at one sitting, and excluded tools measuring SB in specific populations or contexts. The systematic review included studies reporting on the accuracy against an objective measure of SB and/or sensitivity to change of a tool in the inventory.ResultsThe systematic review initially identified 32 distinct tools (141 questions), which were used to develop the TASST framework. Twenty-two studies evaluated accuracy and/or sensitivity to change representing only eight taxa. Assessing SB as a sum of behaviours and using a previous day recall were the most promising features of existing tools. Accuracy was poor for all existing tools, with underestimation and overestimation of SB. There was a lack of evidence about sensitivity to change.ConclusionsDespite the limited evidence, mapping existing SB tools onto the TASST framework has enabled informed recommendations to be made about the most promising features for a surveillance tool, identified aspects on which future research and development of SB surveillance tools should focus.Trial registration numberInternational prospective register of systematic reviews (PROPSPERO)/CRD42014009851.
Association between neighbourhood walkability and metabolic risk factors influenced by physical activity: a cross-sectional study of adults in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Loo C K Jennifer , Greiver Michelle , Aliarzadeh Babak , Lewis Daniel 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo determine whether neighbourhood walkability is associated with clinical measures of obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia in an urban adult population.DesignObservational cross-sectional study.SettingUrban primary care patients.Participants78 023 Toronto residents, aged 18 years and over, who were formally rostered or had at least 2 visits between 2012 and 2014 with a primary care physician participating in the University of Toronto Practice Based Research Network (UTOPIAN), within the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN).Main outcome measuresDifferences in average body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride between residents in the highest versus the lowest quartile of neighbourhood walkability, as estimated using multivariable linear regression models and stratified by age. Outcomes were objectively measured and were retrieved from primary care electronic medical records. Models adjusted for age, sex, smoking, medications, medical comorbidities and indices of neighbourhood safety and marginalisation.ResultsCompared with those in the lowest walkability quartile, individuals in the highest quartile had lower mean BMI (−2.64 kg/m2, 95% CI −2.98 to −2.30; p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (−1.35 mm Hg, 95% CI −2.01 to −0.70; p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (−0.60 mm Hg, 95% CI 1.06 to −0.14; p=0.010) and HbA1c (−0.063%, 95% CI −0.11 to −0.021; p=0.003) and higher mean HDL (0.052 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.029 to 0.075; p<0.001). In age-stratified analyses, differences in the mean BMI were consistently observed for adults aged 18 to under 40 (−4.44 kg/m2, 95% CI −5.09 to −3.79; p<0.001), adults aged 40–65 (−2.74 kg/m2, 95% CI −3.24 to −2.23; p<0.001) and adults aged over 65 (−0.87 kg/m2, 95% CI −1.48 to −0.26; p=0.005).ConclusionsThere was a clinically meaningful association between living in the most walkable neighbourhoods and having lower BMI in adults of all ages.
Genomic and Molecular Screenings Identify Different Mechanisms for Acquired Resistance to MET Inhibitors in Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Gimenez-Xavier Pol , Pros Eva , Bonastre Ester , Moran Sebastian , Aza Ana , Graña Osvaldo , Gomez-Lopez Gonzalo , Derdak Sophia , Dabad Marc , Esteve-Codina Anna , Hernandez Mora Jose R. , Salinas-Chaparro Diana , Esteller Manel , Pisano David , Sanchez-Cespedes Montse 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The development of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) limits the long-term efficacy of cancer treatments involving them. We aimed to understand the mechanisms that underlie acquired resistance (AR) to MET inhibitors in lung cancer. EBC1 cells, which have MET amplification and are sensitive to TKIs against MET, were used to generate multiple clones with AR to a MET-TKI. Whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and global DNA methylation analysis were used to scrutinize the genetic and molecular characteristics of the resistant cells. AR to the MET-TKI involved changes common to all resistant cells, that is, phenotypic modifications, specific changes in gene expression, and reactivation of AKT, ERK, and mTOR. The gene expression, global DNA methylation, and mutational profiles distinguished at least two groups of resistant cells. In one of these, the cells have acquired sensitivity to erlotinib, concomitantly with mutations of the KIRREL, HDAC11, HIATL1, and MAPK1IP1L genes, among others. In the other group, some cells have acquired inactivation of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) concomitantly with strong overexpression of NRG1 and a mutational profile that includes changes in LMLN and TOMM34. Multiple independent and simultaneous strategies lead to AR to the MET-TKIs in lung cancer cells. The acquired sensitivity to erlotinib supports the known crosstalk between MET and the HER family of receptors. For the first time, we show inactivation of NF2 during acquisition of resistance to MET-TKI that may explain the refractoriness to erlotinib in these cells. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1366–76. ©2017 AACR.
Clinical Features of Acquired Resistance to Anti–PD-1 Therapy in Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Wang Daniel Y. , Eroglu Zeynep , Ozgun Alpaslan , Leger Paul D. , Zhao Shilin , Ye Fei , Luke Jason J. , Joseph Richard W. , Haq Rizwan , Ott Patrick A. , Hodi F. Stephen , Sosman Jeffrey A. , Johnson Douglas B. , Buchbinder Elizabeth I. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnti–PD-1 therapy has improved clinical outcomes in advanced melanoma, but most patients experience intrinsic resistance. Responding patients can develop acquired resistance to anti–PD-1. We retrospectively reviewed 488 patients treated with anti–PD-1 from three academic centers and identified 36 patients with acquired resistance, defined as disease progression following objective response. The incidence, timing, disease sites, post-progression survival (PPS), and outcomes were evaluated descriptively. The acquired resistance cohort consisted of 67% with more than 1 feature of poor prognosis (stage M1c, elevated LDH, or brain metastasis), and 67% had previously received ipilimumab. Partial and complete responses were achieved in 89% (n = 32) and 11% (n = 4) of patients, respectively, and median time to resistance (progression-free survival; PFS) was 11.1 months (range 4.3–32.8 months). Most progression was isolated (78% of patients, n = 28) and occurred while receiving therapy (78%, n = 28). The median PPS was 12.8 months (range 0.1–51.8 months), and the median overall survival was 33.7 months. Among isolated progressors, 15 received localized therapy (12 with surgery, 3 with radiation). Patients with isolated versus systemic progression exhibited a trend for improved PPS (P = 0.081), and patients with an initial PFS ≥ 15 months showed significant PPS improvement (P = 0.036). Two patients experienced subsequent responses to anti–PD-1 resumption. In conclusion, acquired resistance to anti–PD-1 was frequently associated with excellent clinical outcomes and often presented as isolated progression amenable to localized therapy (surgery or radiation) or systemic progression sensitive to therapy resumption. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(5); 357–62. ©2017 AACR.
Business models to serve low-income consumers in emerging markets
Authors: Pels Jaqueline , Sheth Jagdish N. 
Published: April 2017

Multinational corporations addressing low-income consumers in emerging markets face the challenge of designing business models that provide truly beneficial products and services to the poor. Examples of successful cases are scarce, while the literature review provides little help. Guidelines range from a minimum shift from conventional marketing thinking and practice to radically new approaches involving a wide diversity of non-market actors in a variety of settlements. A classification to help researchers and practitioners is needed. The article contributes to the literature on business models to serve low-income consumers in emerging markets by proposing conceptual framework, a 2 × 2 matrix. One axis reflects different perceptions of the low-income consumer’s conditions (opportunity/constraint), and the other axis reflects the diverse approaches to developing business models (bottom-up/top-down). The four resulting cells become the article’s suggested alternative business models. The framework allows classifying the extant literature and identifying opportunities for future research. Typologies provide a first step towards theory development as well as offer managers a sound theoretical structure.
Margaret Fisk Taylor’s sacred dance, moving imagination, and kinaesthetic empathy
Authors: Saumaa Hiie 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this article, I shed light upon the work of Margaret Fisk Taylor (1908–2004), a pioneer of liturgical dance in the United States. Taylor’s visionary approach to sacred movement and her prolific writings are rarely discussed in dance studies and the full range of her innovative ideas is overlooked in liturgical dance writing. I examine her movement philosophy and her theorization of the dynamics between spirituality, movement and imagination, focusing particularly on her concepts of ‘simple rhythms’ and ‘creative dramatic action’. I demonstrate how Taylor’s use of movement and gesture as a way to imagine, connect to, and empathize with the other adds a new dimension to recent accounts on ‘kinaesthetic empathy’. I suggest that, at the heart, Taylor’s movement philosophy proposes a physicalized form of empathy.
Television formats and the United States: New developments in production and distribution
Authors: Torre Paul 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article explores the variety of television formats bought and sold in the US marketplace or exported abroad, and the variety of companies buying and selling as a part of that market. Companies in the television format trade are adjusting to increased competition, and merging, acquiring and strategically allying to become more creative and efficient and to reach new audiences. The author also analyses the recent shift to programming based on repurposed content and how the saturated US television market is impacting demand for television formats. The author contends that the television format industry is experiencing the shakeout and maturity stages of an industry life cycle, as traditional television responds to audience demands for online content, and formatted content is adapted across platforms. The author analyses and evaluates the future prospects in the US marketplace for formatted media content, both domestically and transnationally.
TV formats in anglophone Africa: The hegemonic role of South Africa in the TV format value chain
Authors: Ndlela Martin N. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article examines the television format business in anglophone Africa using a global value chains (GVCs) approach. Examining the format chain value structures and considering the different input and output activities in the global TV-format chain, this article identifies South African media industries as the most dominant players in anglophone Africa. Their dominance is manifested in the different stages of the value chain, from acquisition of format rights to broadcasting of finished programmes to different market segments in the region. This article argues that South Africa’s hegemonic status in the format value chain can be attributed to the formal nature of its creative industries and their configurations within the global/local matrix. South media corporations are embedded into the global media system through their business structures, capital investments, ownership, partnership and strategic alliances. At local level, South African companies have expanded into various African markets. This hegemony is contrasted with countries like Nigeria, who despite being the biggest producer of audio-visual material in Africa, is less active in the global format value chains.