bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing quantum communication security: Metamaterial based quantum key distribution with enhanced protocols
Authors: Biswas Sujit , Goswami Rajat S. , Kumar Reddy K. Hemant , Mohanty Sachi Nandan , Ahmed Mohammed Altaf 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuantum Key Distribution (QKD) is increasingly pivotal in securing communication channels against the looming threats posed by quantum computing. However, existing QKD protocols encounter challenges related to efficiency and transmission capabilities. In response, this research investigates the integration of metamaterials into QKD systems, aiming to fortify security and enhance practicality. In the current landscape of quantum communication, where the vulnerability of classical encryption methods is magnified by rapid advancements in quantum computing, finding innovative solutions is imperative. This study is motivated by the need to strengthen the security and viability of QKD protocols to meet the demands of evolving cryptographic threats. By integrating metamaterials, the authors optimise quantum state control, improve signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and enable longer transmission distances. Through mathematical modelling and simulations, the authors demonstrate how metamaterials reduce errors and enhance the robustness of QKD systems. Our findings show significant improvements in transmission efficiency and security, making Metamaterial‐Based Quantum Key Distribution (MQKD) a promising approach for future quantum communication networks. The study not only advances the understanding of the theoretical foundations, but also presents simulated results illustrating the practical effectiveness of MQKD. The exploration of these innovative techniques contributes to the ongoing efforts to secure quantum communication channels.
Imputation based wind speed forecasting technique during abrupt changes in short term scenario
Authors: Sareen Karan , Panigrahi Bijaya Ketan , Shikhola Tushar , Tripathi Ravi Nath , Rajput Ashok Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt is tough and complex to forecast wind speed due to its intermittent and stochastic nature as well as sudden and abrupt variations in the wind speed. Further, it is required to handle the variety of scenarios e.g. cyber‐attacks, unexpected power device malfunction, communication/sensor outages etc. that can cause the missing data.This paper proposes and employs a de‐noising autoencoder algorithm for wind speed forecasting to ensure the handling of missing data information. At the next step, the data is processed via variational mode decomposition technique to mitigate the noise and improves the model's prediction accuracy. Furthermore, the bi‐directional long‐short term memory deep learning approach is tied with convolution neural network to increase prediction accuracy and anticipating the sudden/abrupt changes in wind speed accurately. Finally, actual wind speed related data is examined to scrutinize meticulousness of projected forecast methodology particularly during sudden/abrupt changes in the wind speed. The parameter indicators of the wind speed forecasting technique exhibit the capability of improved predictions under the diversified conditions.
Improving maximum power point tracking efficiency in solar photovoltaic systems using super‐twisting algorithm and grey wolf optimizer
Authors: Deghfel Nassir , Badoud Abd Essalam , Al‐Ahmadi Ahmad Aziz , Bajaj Mohit , Zaitsev Ievgen , Ghoneim Sherif S. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study presents a new Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) approach for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, combining the Super‐Twisting Algorithm (STA) and Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO). The STA‐GWO‐MPPT method improves efficiency in dynamic conditions by using STA for control and GWO for parameter optimization, enhancing stability and robustness. Performance evaluation is conducted through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental validation on a small‐scale test bench. Various quantitative metrics, including rise time, settling time, power production, efficiency, root mean square error (RMSE), and standard deviation (STD), are employed for assessment. Results indicate significantly faster convergence speeds for the proposed method compared to conventional MPPT techniques. Specifically, the rise time for the proposed method is 0.0129 seconds, outperforming Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) (0.2638 seconds) and Grey Wolf Optimizer with Sliding Mode Control (GWO‐SMC) (0.0181 seconds). Additionally, the proposed method exhibits superior tracking efficiency, with an average efficiency of 99.33%, surpassing FLC (96.93%) and GWO‐SMC (99.19%). Moreover, it reduces power fluctuations, with an RMSE of 7.819% and STD of 6.547%, compared to FLC (RMSE: 13.471%, STD: 4.519%) and GWO‐SMC (RMSE: 8.507%, STD: 6.108%). Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into enhancing MPPT efficiency in solar PV systems, with implications for both research and practical applications.
Measurements and analysis of the radar cross section of chaff dipoles
Authors: Balleri Alessio , Butters Brian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA free space test method to measure the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of single dipole elements is presented. The method is such that dipoles can be measured over a large range of frequencies, in free space and without the need of an anechoic chamber. The setup employs with a Vector Network Analyser (VNA) synchronised to a rotating turntable that controls the position of the transmitting and receiving antennas and the polarisation of the irradiated electric field. Measurements are collected for chaff dipoles made of copper wire, microwire and aluminised glass, from 5 to 11 GHz, to allow a comparison of chaff RCS properties with respect to chaff material and method of fabrication. Measurements of the copper wire chaff also allowed a comparison with existing theoretical predictions of chaff reflectivity. An analysis and a comparison of the results is presented. Results show that the experimental trends of the chaff RCS curves agree with the theoretical RCS curves for perfectly conducting wires. They also show that copper wire provides the strongest reflective chaff followed by the aluminised glass and the microwire.
Elderly care and health monitoring using smart healthcare technology: An improved routing scheme for wireless body area networks
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Kelsey Tom , Khan Bilal Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHypertensive patients need regular checkups and constant monitoring for taking time critical decisions by the medical experts. Unfortunately, it is hard to maintain uninterrupted patient health surveillance due to limited medical staff resulting in an increasing mortality rate annually. Thanks to recent developments in wireless sensor networking, we can monitor constantly and efficiently diverse parameters of a network. Similarly, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have become a well‐known sub‐branch of Wireless Sensor Networks. Such sensor networks can be leveraged for patient health monitoring, minimising the medical staff workload. Wireless Body Area Networks require tiny sensor nodes with limited battery power. Therefore, it is always desirable to design effective routing schemes that can enhance network lifetime, and reduce packet drop ratio. In this paper, we re‐simulate and explain in detail the results of a selected published journal article for WBANs and provide some modifications to improve the network's overall performance. Based on these amendments, the modified protocol successfully extends the operational time of the network than the original. Our performance evaluation parameters are dead nodes, throughput, residual energy, and path loss versus the number of rounds. These analyses support effective solutions that improve network performance and data delivery ratio.
Lipidmanagement bei Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Brandts Julia 
Published: October 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGPatienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes (T2 D) weisen ein doppelt so hohes Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse auf wie die Allgemeinbevölkerung, ein Risiko, das teilweise durch Senkung von Apolipoprotein-B100-haltigen Lipoproteinen reduziert werden könnte. Allerdings erreichen wenige die empfohlenen LDL-Cholesterin-Zielwerte aufgrund hoher Ausgangswerte, Therapieunverträglichkeiten und ärztlicher Risikounterschätzung. Der SCORE2-Diabetes bietet eine präzise Risikobewertung, indem er konventionelle und diabetesspezifische Faktoren einbezieht. Behandlungsbasis bilden weiterhin Statine, doch oft sind Kombinationstherapien mit Ezetimib oder Bempedoinsäure nötig. PCSK9-Inhibitoren sind eine effektive Option für Hochrisikopatienten. Durch den strategischen Einsatz dieser Therapieansätze kann das Management von Lipiden bei T2D-Patienten erheblich verbessert und damit das Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse reduziert werden.
The Influence of Facial Injury during the First World War on the Development of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in Britain and Germany
Authors: Weiss Lina , Monsch Gian-Marco , Speth Marlene , Saleh Hesham 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the First World War (WW1), different types of injuries became both political and economic factors for the main belligerent countries. This work illustrates the special role facial injuries played during and after the war and the profound impact they had on the field of Plastic Surgery in Britain and Germany.This is a historical work based on primary and secondary sources. English and German material was used to compile an overview of the development of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery as a specialty during WW1 and up to the Second World War (WW2).Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery had the task of reconstructing male beauty and personalities, restoring the most intense, disfigured reminders of a terrible war in homes and the public. Looking at the significant role the specialty played during the war, remarkably, most of the contributors struggled to find financial support to develop designated specialized departments in the inter-war period. The specialty's connection to the emotional subject of facial disfigurement did not work in its favor at a time when people wanted to forget the horrors of the war.The developments in Britain and Germany during the WW1 were less isolated than often described and the inter-war period saw much effort for international collaboration. The different developments of WW2 further illustrate how essential the efforts of a strong group of individuals and support from authorities were for the evolution of Plastic Surgery as a specialty.
Cardiorespiratory Stability in Critically Ill Preterm Infants following Dexmedetomidine Initiation
Authors: Sullivan Brynne A. , Howard Paige , Kendrick Hayley , Zeller Brandy , McPherson Christopher , Vesoulis Zachary A. 
Published: October 2024

Objective This study aimed to evaluate cardiorespiratory status in preterm infants receiving dexmedetomidine using high-resolution physiologic data.
Study Design We analyzed preterm infants with continuous heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) data for 24 hours preceding and 48 hours following dexmedetomidine initiation. Invasive arterial blood pressure (ABP), when available, was analyzed.
Results In 100 infants with a mean gestational age of 28 weeks and high baseline illness severity, mean HR decreased from 152 to 141 beats per minute while mean SpO2 increased from 91 to 93% in the 48 hours after dexmedetomidine initiation (p < 0.01). In 57 infants with continuous ABP monitoring, mean ABP increased from 40 to 42 mm Hg (p = 0.01). Vasoactive-inotropic support increased before and after initiation.
Conclusion We observed cardiorespiratory changes in critically ill preterm infants following dexmedetomidine initiation; mean HR decreased and mean SpO2 increased in the 48 hours after initiation. In a subset, mean ABP increased along with vasoactive-inotropic support.
Key Points
Ultrasonography can be more informative than computed tomography for diagnosing radial head fractures: An illustrative case series
Authors: Schöll Eckehart , Jakob Marcel , Vach Werner 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUltrasonography is increasingly being discussed as an alternative to X-rays in emergency department settings. Systematic comparisons of the 2 modalities are often based on the use of computed tomography as a reference. When diagnosing patients with elbow trauma, the physicians at our emergency department experienced that ultrasonography can be more informative than cone beam computed tomography for identifying radial head fractures. Our goal is to share this experience with the scientific community.All patients diagnosed with a radial head fracture in our emergency department between January 2021 and November 2022 were identified. The images of 18 cases in which both point-of-care ultrasonography and cone beam computed tomography had been used were reviewed by us. Eight examples were selected illustrating the variation in coincidence or discrepancy between ultrasonography and computed tomography.The 8 examples illustrate that ultrasonography can be more informative than cone beam computed tomography or vice versa.The joint application of ultrasonography and computed tomography is advisable if a correct diagnosis of the extent and components of radial head fractures is of uttermost importance.
Prospective randomized trial comparing conventional and underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial colorectal neoplasms
Authors: Nagata Mitsuru , Namiki Masayuki , Fujikawa Tomoaki , Munakata Hiromi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims This study compared procedure-related outcomes of conventional and underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial colorectal neoplasms (SCNs).
Patients and methods In this single-center, randomized controlled trial, patients with SCNs meeting the indications of the Japanese guidelines for ESD were randomly assigned to undergo conventional ESD (CESD) or underwater ESD (UESD) performed by an expert. The primary endpoint was dissection speed, defined as the specimen area per ESD time.
Results We analyzed the data of 69 and 70 CESD and UESD cases,
respectively; however, no significant differences were found in median dissection speed (17.4
and 19.9 mm2/min, respectively; P=0.19). Multiple
regression analysis revealed that the suitable positional relationship between the lesion and
the direction of gravity (nongravity side for CESD and gravity side for UESD) was
independently and positively associated with dissection speed (P<0.001). En bloc resection was achieved without perforation in all cases. The
incidence of post-ESD coagulation syndrome was not significantly different between the two
groups (4.3% vs. 2.9%, respectively; P=0.68).
Conclusions UESD did not expedite dissection speed in the overall
patient population. CESD and UESD may be complementary in the colorectum depending on the
positional relationship between the lesion and the direction of gravity.
The Role of CRISPR/Cas9 in Revolutionizing Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy Treatment: Opportunities and Obstacles
Authors: Ali Ahsan , Rahman Md Yakeen , Sheikh Danish 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration, leading to loss of ambulation, respiratory failure, and premature death. It affects approximately 1 in 3,500 live male births and is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, which impairs muscle fiber stability. Current treatments are limited to managing symptoms and slowing disease progression, with no curative therapies available. The advent of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology has introduced a promising approach for directly correcting the genetic mutations responsible for DMD. This review explores the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 as a transformative therapy for DMD, highlighting its successes in preclinical models, the challenges associated with its delivery, and the obstacles to its clinical application. While preclinical studies demonstrate the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9 in restoring dystrophin expression and improving muscle function, significant hurdles remain, including optimizing delivery methods and ensuring long-term safety.
Total Temporomandibular Joint Replacement by Samsid Customized Joint Prosthesis: A Case Report with 16 Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Chaware Suresh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTotal temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJR) is a surgical intervention employed for the management of advanced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, particularly when autogenous grafts are not recommended. With stainless steel implant of glenoid fossa attempted for the correction of ankylosis in the 1960s, total TMJR—which minimizes foreign body reaction and consists of highly biocompatible materials such as Cr-Co-Mo alloy, titanium, and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene—began to be applied. These alloplastic prostheses are available in both standardized and customized forms, comprising components for the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa. The present case report presents India's first TMJR in a 12-year-old female patient with TMJ ankylosis. Total TMJR was done in her with India's first customized TMJ prosthesis (Samsid TMJ prosthesis), which was designed and manufactured by the author for the first time in India. This study presents a 16-year follow-up of customized TMJR, addressing TMJ ankylosis. Our research showcases the long-term success of Samsid TMJ prostheses in improving pain, oral function, diet, and overall quality of life. The case report also highlights the potential of Samsid TMJ prostheses as a valuable solution for TMJ patients, emphasizing the importance of tailored solutions for lasting joint function restoration. The results presented indicate that the Samsid patient-fitted total TMJR system remains a secure, efficient, and dependable long-term treatment option for the particular patient demographic examined in this research.
The (Un)Reliability of Intuitions
Authors: Timmerman Travis , Schukraft Jason , Fischer Bob 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses the degree to which people should trust their intuitions about animals’ welfare ranges. If intuitions are fairly reliable here, then perhaps a complex methodology for producing welfare range estimates is unnecessary. Unfortunately, as we show, intuitions about welfare ranges are highly unreliable. We begin by developing general criteria that determine the degree to which any intuition is (un)reliable. We then review the philosophical literature that invokes intuitions about welfare ranges, as well as the survey data that track various intuitions the public has about animals. The criteria we defend show all such intuitions to be highly unreliable. We do allow that certain types of intuitions are reliable in some, but not all contexts. Still, the unreliability of intuitions about animals’ welfare ranges demands that we seek a more reliable methodology, at least with respect to this issue.
The risks and benefits of managing obesity in older adults
Authors: Carroll Dana G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This review discusses weight loss considerations in overweight and obese older adults.

Summary
Current US guidelines do not address weight loss in older adults. Waist circumference rather than body mass index (BMI) may be a more accurate assessment tool for obesity in older adults. Weight loss interventions are not recommended in overweight older adults due to the decreased mortality in this population (known as the “obesity paradox”). While weight loss in obese older adults may be beneficial, it is not without risks. The greatest risks include loss of muscle mass, decline in bone mineral density, and development of sarcopenic obesity. Weight loss interventions may be considered in older adults with a BMI of greater than 30 kg/m2 who have metabolic derangements, cardiovascular disease, and/or functional impairments after carefully weighing the risks against the benefits of weight loss and the impact of interventions on the patient’s quality of life. Medicare provides limited benefits for weight loss interventions. In older adults, there is no consensus on which lifestyle interventions are best for weight loss and there is a paucity of data on the use of weight loss medications. Careful consideration should be given before utilizing medications for weight loss in older adults given the enhanced adverse effect profiles, interactions, contraindications, and costs.

Conclusion
Weight loss in older adults should be approached differently from that in the general adult population. More data are needed on the efficacy and safety of weight loss medications in older adults.
A type II toxin–antitoxin system, ECs3274-ECs3275, in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157
Authors: Sasaki Yuka , Mogi Yuna , Yoshioka Mizuki , Liu Ke , Otsuka Yuichi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The toxin–antitoxin (TA) genetic module controls various bacterial events. Novel toxins with different functions are still being discovered. This study aimed to determine whether the ECs3274-ECs3275 gene pair encoded by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 functions as a TA system. To characterize this putative TA system, we analyzed the growth of E. coli expressing ECs3274, ECs3275, or both; the interaction between ECs3274 and ECs3275 using bacterial adenylate cyclase two-hybrid assays; and the DNA-binding ability of ECs3274 using gel-mobility shift assays. We observed that the ECs3274 antitoxin interacted with the ECs3275 toxin, was destabilized by Lon protease, and repressed its promoter activity via its helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif. These properties are consistent with those of typical type II TA antitoxins. Interestingly, ECs3275 has an HTH motif not observed in other TA toxins and is necessary for ECs3275 toxicity, suggesting that ECs3275 may exert its toxicity by regulating the expression of specific genes.
A comprehensive review of approaches for spatial domain recognition of spatial transcriptomes
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Geng Aoyun , Duan Hao , Cui Feifei , Zou Quan , Zhang Zilong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In current bioinformatics research, spatial transcriptomics (ST) as a rapidly evolving technology is gradually receiving widespread attention from researchers. Spatial domains are regions where gene expression and histology are consistent in space, and detecting spatial domains can better understand the organization and functional distribution of tissues. Spatial domain recognition is a fundamental step in the process of ST data interpretation, which is also a major challenge in ST analysis. Therefore, developing more accurate, efficient, and general spatial domain recognition methods has become an important and urgent research direction. This article aims to review the current status and progress of spatial domain recognition research, explore the advantages and limitations of existing methods, and provide suggestions and directions for future tool development.
Bergmann’s rule in global terrestrial vertebrates
Authors: Guo Qinfeng , Qian Hong , Liu Pengcheng , Zhang Jian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To date, whether Bergmann’s rule, initially developed for individual species or closely related taxa, can be applied to broader taxa remains elusive. Using global distribution data for birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians, both species- and assemblage-based, we examined the role of species richness and related climate variables in shaping body size patterns across the globe and the Northern Hemisphere only and whether the temperature–body size relationship had a phylogenetic signal. The results show that when species in all four classes were combined, body size increased with latitude but declined with temperature, consistent with Bergmann’s rule. Each group showed somewhat unique patterns but was mostly consistent with Bergmann’s rule. The body size–temperature relationships were not constrained by phylogenetic relatedness. Warmer places had both large and many small-bodied species, whereas cold places had proportionally more large species. The temperature-dependent variations in body size have important implications for macroecology under climate change.