bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical and machine learning models for concentrically and eccentrically loaded CFST columns confined with FRP wraps
Authors: Xu Chi , Zhang Ying , Isleem Haytham F. , Qiu Dianle , Zhang Yun , Alsaadawi Mostafa Medhat , Tipu Rupesh Kumar , El‐Demerdash Waleed E. , Hamed Asmaa Y. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrevious research largely concentrated on predicting load‐carrying capacities of concrete‐filled steel tubes (CFST) confined with fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) wraps under pure concentric loads, neglecting the more complex failure mechanisms that occur under real‐life eccentric loading conditions. This study, therefore, employs both finite element modeling (FEM) and machine learning methods to accurately predict the load‐bearing capacities under both concentric and eccentric loading conditions. This research analyzed a comprehensive dataset comprising 128 experimental tests and an equivalent number of FEM simulations designed to evaluate their eccentric performance. These models have been thoroughly generated and validated against existing literature. Additionally, the developed ML models, particularly a hybrid deep learning model, demonstrated significant predictive accuracy, with an average R2 value of 0.969 across all model folds. Partial dependence analysis further highlighted the significant influence of concrete strength and the interactive effects of steel tube area and FRP wrap thickness on the load‐carrying capacity of the columns. Furthermore, to enhance cost‐efficiency and resource management compared with traditional laboratory testing, a user‐friendly graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed and hosted on an open‐source platform such as GitHub. This interface supports real‐time, precise predictive capabilities and promotes a collaborative environment for ongoing model refinement and improvement.
Thermal interface materials: From fundamental research to applications
Authors: Wei Baojie , Luo Wenmei , Du Jianying , Ding Yafei , Guo Yanjiang , Zhu Guimei , Zhu Yuan , Li Baowen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe miniaturization, integration, and high data throughput of electronic chips present challenging demands on thermal management, especially concerning heat dissipation at interfaces, which is a fundamental scientific question as well as an engineering problem—a heat death problem called in semiconductor industry. A comprehensive examination of interfacial thermal resistance has been given from physics perspective in 2022 in Review of Modern Physics. Here, we provide a detailed overview from a materials perspective, focusing on the optimization of structure and compositions of thermal interface materials (TIMs) and the interact/contact with heat source and heat sink. First, we discuss the impact of thermal conductivity, bond line thickness, and contact resistance on the thermal resistance of TIMs. Second, it is pointed out that there are two major routes to improve heat transfer through the interface. One is to reduce the TIM's thermal resistance (RTIM) of the TIMs through strategies like incorporating thermal conductive fillers, enhancing interfacial structure and treatment techniques. The other is to reduce the contact thermal resistance (Rc) by improving effective interface contact, strengthening bonding, and utilizing mass gradient TIMs to alleviate vibrational mismatch between TIM and heat source/sink. Finally, such challenges as the fundamental theories, potential developments in sustainable TIMs, and the application of AI in TIMs design are also explored.
Nonanthropocentric climate ethics
Authors: Nolt John , Hedberg Trevor 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change poses increasingly severe long‐term threats to living things worldwide. It may even contribute to a mass extinction that would leave biodiversity depleted for millions of years—quite possibly longer than the duration of the human species. Such effects are obviously of ethical concern, but because traditional ethical theories have focused on the relatively short‐term interests of human beings, they offer little guidance. In the late 20th century, a growing number of ethical activists and theorists sought to expand moral consideration to nonhuman animals and to the diverse life forms and habitats of wild nature. Simultaneously and at first independently, others began to develop long‐term (sometimes called “intergenerational”) ethics, which extends moral consideration into the distant future. Concerns about future climate change quickly became a central focus of this work. But only in this century have there been concerted efforts to integrate these lines of thought into far‐sighted nonanthropocentric climate ethics. These efforts are the subject of this review.This article is categorized under:
Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate Change
Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Assessing Climate Change in the Context of Other Issues
Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Comparative Environmental Values
Noise and the risk of tinnitus: A two‐sample Mendelian randomized study
Authors: Huang He‐Sen , Chen Kai‐Qin , Zhou Wen‐Kao , Zhang Bin , Gao Jing , Xie Fei , Du Yu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesObservational studies imply that noise may increase the likelihood of developing tinnitus. However, no causal relationship has been established between the two using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we aimed to determine the potential causal relationship between noise and various categories of tinnitus.MethodsWe extracted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with noise and tinnitus from a large genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of European individuals. UK Biobank (UKB) provided summary data for both entities. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was implemented as the primary method for evaluating effect estimates. Using Weighted median and MR–Egger regression, heterogeneity and pleiotropy were evaluated using sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe random‐effects IVW approach revealed a causal relationship between noise and the three onset tinnitus (odds ratio [OR] = 1.052, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.013–1.092, p = 0.008; OR = 1.248, 95% CI = 1.177–1.323, p = 0.001; OR = 1.133, 95% CI = 1.058–1.213, p = 0.001). Noise was not a risk factor for tinnitus in the past (OR = 0.999, 95% CI = 0.934–1.068, p = 0.969). Validation with various Mendelian randomization methodologies and sensitivity analyses confirmed the findings' consistency.ConclusionThis Mendelian Randomization study provides causal evidence that noise is a risk factor for the onset of tinnitus but is not a risk factor for developing tinnitus in the past.
Homo academicus as Guild, Employment, and Attitude: The Academy in Transition
Authors: Westelius Alf 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHomo academicus, who are we, who do we want to be, and how do others view us? There are many alternative answers to these questions. In this chapter, I explore three different conceptions that not only differ in outlook and underlying assumptions, but also on who counts as Homo academicus. The three are Homo academicus as guild, employment, and attitude to knowledge and learning. As during previous information technology revolutions—writing, paper, printing, penny post, telegraph, copier, e.g.—the present digitisation again poses challenges to the established order, power structures, and conceptions of (worthwhile) knowledge, giving cause to look at the assumptions underpinning and shaping these conceptions. Again, the role of the academy is in transition.Entering a road towards Homo academicus-ship may be motivated by a range of desires: the search for truth or justified true belief; a longing for becoming an authority—or merely to be accepted into the circles where those one views as authorities reside and act; making a career in a structure with a seemingly clear hierarchy—or merely making a living; a passion for a topic; a wish for intellectual challenges—or merely intellectual conversations …. These desires can be met to differing degrees and in different forms depending on the conception of Homo academicus. And the surrounding world provides support, funding, admiration, challenges, and disdain partly based on which conception(s) surrounding actors hold.How these three conceptions and their underlying assumptions interact, challenge, and are challenged by each other and by trends in the societies of which they form parts, is the object of this chapter examining current transitions.
Homo Scribens—Notes on Writing Management
Authors: Holgersson Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, I discuss and challenge a traditional assumption about management scholars, namely, that they, above all, are to be seen as development consultants who create knowledge to make organizations more efficient and well-functioning. I do this by approaching research and researchers through a perspective that places writing at the heart of scientific activity. This is a perspective that tends to be neglected, and sometimes even forgotten. That is strange—perhaps even problematic—since writing is an indispensable and central part of all scholarly work. The chapter begins by framing the management researcher, through a more conventional perspective, as a development consultant. Next, I suggest that writing can equally be framed as the central research activity, that the researcher can be seen as a writer—a Homo scribens. From this perspective, I look at three different parts of the research process that relate to methodology, empirical material, and theory. Following this, I reflect upon some political aspects of writing management. In the final section of the paper, I summarize the implications of seeing writing as the central research activity, and the researcher as a writer—a Homo scribens—hoping that this can contribute to more interesting research, well worth reading.
Falling Through the Black Hole
Authors: Isaakyan Irina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAstronomers argue that stars do not exist in isolation: they become part of galaxies, which are further grouped into intergalactic clusters. So do migrants. ‘People migrate in networks’, notes Alejandro Portes (1995). Therefore, they should learn to obtain membership in their networks and to deal with its requirements (ibid). In application to high-skill and elite migrants, the unanswered question is how they manage to sustain their network membership on a daily basis. Seeking to answer it, this chapter studies the dynamics of global elite migrants’ networks, looking into the most challenging experiences that my informants had while navigating global opera networks and into agentic strategies they used to overcome those barriers. Synthesizing theories of ‘migrant network’ and ‘cultural production’ with the testimonies of my informants, I explore their most unpleasant networking problems and associated coping strategies.
Weaving a Transformative Circular Textile Policy Through a Socio-Environmental Justice Lens
Authors: Suarez-Visbal Lis J. , Calisto Friant Martin , Härri Anna , Vermeyen Veerle , Hendriks Abe , Corona Bellostas Blanca , Carreon Jesus Rosales 
Published: September 2024

Policy HighlightsTo achieve the recommendation stated in the title, we propose the following:

Tackle overproduction and overconsumption in the EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles.

Address the impacts of EU Circular Economy Textile policies on the Global South from both SSH and STEM perspectives to ensure positive social and environmental outcomes.

Make Just Transition policies globally accountable and alleviation mechanisms integral to the Textile Strategy rather than supplementary corrective measures.

Include meaningful participatory mechanisms that ensure the democratic inclusion of different voices and actors.

Reverse the burden of proof and provide educational, financial, and legal assistance accounting for multiple vulnerabilities (e.g., gender or type of worker).
Linking Vulnerability to Heatwaves and Public Health: Indicators for EU Policies on Energy Renovation of Residential Buildings
Authors: Lara-García Ángela , Rivera-Gómez Carlos , Núñez-Rivera Claudia , Galán-Marín Carmen , Cruz-Mazo Estrella Candelaria 
Published: September 2024

Policy HighlightsTo achieve the recommendation stated in the title, we propose the following:

Recognising heatwave risks as a public health problem, energy renovation of buildings must focus on the most vulnerable groups.

Renovation programmes require an integrative approach, interdisciplinary teams, and socio-educational initiatives such as “energy coaching”.

A multi-criteria framework is proposed for the assessment of heatwaves vulnerability integrating biophysical and socio-economic factors.

Main factors of vulnerability are identified: income level; population over 65 (mostly elderly women living alone); educational level; ageing and quality of buildings; and urban greening.

Quality and availability of data on health, building quality, and energy use are essential to effective prioritisation of funding for renovation.
Response to daratumumab-retreatment in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Souren Laura , Ihorst Gabriele , Greil Christine , Engelhardt Monika , Wäsch Ralph 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDaratumumab is an effective therapy in multiple myeloma (MM). We assessed whether daratumumab retreatment may re-induce significant responses and which patients do benefit the most. We hypothesized, that there is effective synergism between daratumumab and alternating antimyeloma drug combinations during retreatment and that retreatment is safe and effective. Here, we analyzed 293 consecutive MM patients receiving daratumumab at our institution from 2016 until 2023 retrospectively, and compared responses, side effects and survival of the first daratumumab treatment line and its retreatment. We identified 22/293 (8%) patients with daratumumab retreatment. These patients showed an advanced age and ISS/R-ISS stages, and ≥ 3 lines of prior antimyeloma therapy in 91%. Of note, the median durations of the first and subsequent daratumumab treatment were similarly long. We confirmed a therapy break between daratumumab lines as advantageous. Daratumumab retreatment was effective, with responses declining only gradually from its first use to subsequent first and second retreatment with 64%, 46% and 43%, respectively. Interestingly, comparable progression free survival rates were observed with 11.5, 12 months and not reached, respectively. Consistently, adverse events per daratumumab line did not increase. Our findings suggest that well-selected daratumumab-exposed MM patients may show rewarding responses to daratumumab retreatment, the more with alternating antimyeloma combinations, initial good response and CD38-antibody-treatment pauses, thereby proving CD38-antibody-retreatment as feasible, effective and non-toxic. Confirmatory studies are required to further validate our results.
Von der Analyse zur adaptiven Unterstützung beim Lesen
Authors: Seidel Niels , Menze Dennis 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Lesen eröffnet in allem Bildungsbereichen einen zentralen Zugang zu Wissen. In diesem Beitrag wird der Einsatz verschiedener Verfahren der künstlichen Intelligenz in einer Anwendung beschrieben, die Studierende beim Lesen längerer Studientexte innerhalb eines Lernmanagementsystems unterstützt. Diese Lernumgebung erfüllt zwei wichtige Funktionen für den Einsatz von KI in der Hochschulbildung: Erstens sammelt sie umfangreiche Daten zu rezeptiven und produktiven Lernprozessen und ermöglicht so umfassende Analysen durch Data-Mining-Verfahren. Diese Erkenntnisse können in die Bewertung des Lernverhaltens, der Lehrstrategien und Gestaltungsentscheidungen der Lernumgebung einfließen. Zweitens integriert sie KI-Tools wie adaptive Visualisierungen, Leseverständnistests und Empfehlungssysteme, die Studierende bei der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Text unterstützen.
Similarities and differences between systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset Still’s disease: a multicenter Spanish study
Authors: Antón Jordi , Mosquera Juan Manuel , Calzada Joan , Iglesias Estíbaliz , Zacarías Andrea , Olivé Alejandro , Bittermann Violeta , Lorenzo Tania Rodríguez , Remesal Agustín , Quintana-Ortega Cristian , Nuño-Nuño Laura , Robles-Marhuenda Angel , de Inocencio Jaime , Martín-López María , Carreira Patricia E. , Brandy-García Anahy M. , Holgado Susana , Camacho-Lovillo Marisol , Ruiz-Román Alberto , Clemente Daniel , Narváez Javier , Campos José , Sánchez-Manubens Judith , Bernabéu Pilar , Graña Jenaro , Vargas Carmen , Ortiz-Santamaria Vera , Castañeda Santos , de Yébenes María Jesús García , Carmona Loreto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo describe the characteristics of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD), compare their presentation and evolution, and analyse possible complication predictors. Multicenter study. Data were retrieved from a hospital-based study of patients with a diagnosis or suspected diagnosis of sJIA or AOSD according to the responsible physician and followed-up for at least one year. Descriptive variables (classification criteria, clinical manifestations, complications, family, and personal history) were collected at disease onset and during follow-up. We present the clinical characteristics of 326 patients, 67% of whom had a diagnosis of sJIA and 33% of AOSD. Clinical manifestation frequencies were similar between the two groups, except for odynophagia, which was significantly more frequent in AOSD than in sJIA (78.4% vs. 25.5%; p < 0.0001). Among the complications, macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) was significantly more common in sJIA than in AOSD (24.4% vs. 9.5%; p = 0.002), to the extent that an sJIA diagnosis significantly increased the risk of MAS, together with serositis presence, and the need for biological therapy. Patients with sJIA and AOSD showed similar characteristics, supporting the idea that they are both part of Still’s disease, but are expressed at different ages. Differences in manifestations and complications might be due to different management between diseases and immune response maturity.
Dietary patterns among children and adolescents in Germany consuming vegetarian, vegan or omnivore diets: results of the VeChi Youth Study
Authors: Hansch Lea , Fischer Morwenna , Längler Alfred , Michalsen Andreas , Weder Stine , Keller Markus , Alexy Ute , Perrar Ines 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To identify dietary patterns of vegetarian, vegan and omnivore children and adolescents in Germany and to examine associations with nutrient intake.

Methods
First, three principal component analyses based on 17–22 food groups were used to identify dietary patterns among vegetarians (n = 145, 3-day weighed dietary records), vegans (n = 110) and omnivores (n = 135) from the cross-sectional Vegetarian and Vegan Children and Youth (VeChi Youth) Study (2017–2019, 6–18 years, 57% girls). Secondly, these patterns were correlated (Spearman correlations) with energy and nutrient intakes.

Results
Among vegetarians, 3 dietary patterns were identified (“Animal foods”, “Vegetables and fruits”, “Meat alternatives and potatoes”) accounting for 32.7% of the variance in food group intake. In the vegan group, 4 patterns were identified (“Vegetables and legumes”, “Refined carbohydrates”, “Meat alternatives and juices”, “Fruits and convenience foods”) accounting for 43.2% of the variance. Among omnivores, 5 (“Flexitarian”, “Vegetables and fruits”, “Dairy Products”, “meat and convenience foods”, “Refined grains and juices”) patterns accounting for 43.0% of the variance could be identified. Regardless of diet group, both more favorable dietary patterns (“Vegetables and fruits”, “Meat alternatives and potatoes”, “Vegetables and legumes”, “Fruits and convenience food”, “Flexitarian”) correlated with higher micronutrient density and less favorable dietary patterns (“Animal foods”, “Refined carbohydrates”, “Meat alternatives and juices”, “Dairy products”, “Meat and convenience food”, “Refined grains and juices”) with unfavorable nutrient profiles were found.

Conclusion
Various dietary patterns exist within omnivore, vegetarian, and vegan diets of children and adolescents, which differ in their contribution to nutrient intake. It is therefore necessary to distinguish between different dietary patterns, also within the vegetarian and vegan diet.
The primary systemic vasculitis associated optic neuritis: a retrospective analysis in a single center over 10 years
Authors: Tang Simeng , Zhou Hang , Li Rui , Wang Yu , Li Hongyang , Hou Yanli 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the clinical and image characteristics of primary systemic vasculitis-associated optic neuritis patients.

Methods
This is a retrospective study. The patients clinically diagnosed with primary system vasculitis-induced optic neuritis were recruited from March 2013 to December 2023. All cases received orbital magnetic resonance imaging scans were analyzed. The ocular findings, systemic manifestations, laboratory data and prognosis were reviewed retrospectively. In addition, the related literature was reviewed.

Results
Fourteen patients (21 eyes), including 10 men and 4 women, were enrolled in this study. The ages ranged from 30 to 86 years in this cohort. Orbits MRI detects the enlargement and/or enhancement of the optic nerve. Cases 1–5 reported a confirmed diagnosis of Takayasu’s arteritis, and cases 6–8 had giant cell arteritis. Cases 9–13 were antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Case 14 was Cogan’s syndrome. Mult organs and tissues, such as the kidneys, heart, paranasal sinuses, meninges, and respiratory system, were involved. In all of the 14 involved patients, the disease onset was either during the fall or winter season. There were no or only slight improvements in visual activity after conventional therapies.

Conclusions
The autoantibodies’ attack on the optic nerve, ischemic damage, or destruction of the blood–brain barrier may be the potential pathogenesis of vasculitis-associated optic neuritis. Even with prompt and aggressive clinical interventions, the prognosis remains unsatisfactory.
Recovering noble metals from waste streams using porous organic frameworks for heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Pan Yu , Åhlén Michelle , Strømme Maria , Xu Chao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecovering noble metals from waste resources and incorporating them into catalysts stands out as a promising strategy for advancing sustainability within the catalysis field. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent investigations into noble metal recovery from waste streams, specifically employing porous organic frameworks (POFs). Additionally, the study delves into the utilization of the resultant composites, enriched with noble metals, in heterogeneous catalysis. Moreover, we offer insights into the challenges faced and outline prospects for the practical implementation of extracting noble metal catalysts from waste streams using POFs, aiming to develop cost-effective, sustainable, and efficient heterogeneous catalysts.