bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Three‐Component Sulfa‐Michael/Aldol Cascade Reaction and Its Application to the Synthesis of Thioaryl Substituted (‐)‐Bestatin Derivatives.
Authors: Hou Wenduan , Wei Qi , Peng Yungui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe scalable reaction between aromatic nitroalkenes, arene thiols and glyoxylates delivers γ‐sulfur‐β‐nitro‐α‐hydroxy esters in very high yields and with excellent diastereo and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Addition of α‐Branched Cyclic Ketones to Allenamides Catalyzed by a Chiral Phosphoric Acid.
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Toste F. Dean 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter is generated in the title reaction and the products can be further transformed to ketoaldehyde derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Arylketones from Aromatic Acids via Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Coupling.
Authors: Wu Hongxiang , Xu Baiping , Li Yue , Hong Fengying , Zhu Dezhao , Jian Junsheng , Pu Xiaoer , Zeng Zhuo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract2‐Chloro‐4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazine is used to form an intermediary triazenyl ester which undergoes the coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: An Aerobic Alternative to Oxidative Ozonolysis of Styrenes.
Authors: Urgoitia Garazi , SanMartin Raul , Herrero Maria Teresa , Dominguez Esther 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMono‐, 1,1‐di‐, 1,2‐di‐, tri‐, and tetrasubstituted alkenes are oxidized in a highly effective, scalable manner using abundant, environmentally benign oxygen.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Vicinal Quaternary Stereogenic Centers by Enantioselective Direct Mannich‐Type Reaction Using a Chiral Bis(guanidino)iminophosphorane Catalyst.
Authors: Takeda Tadahiro , Kondoh Azusa , Terada Masahiro 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe title transformation is based on the generally highly diastereoselective and highly enantioselective reaction of α‐iminophenylacetate esters with α‐substituted thionolactones.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling Reaction Between N‐Aryl α‐Amino Acid Esters and Phenols or Phenol Derivative for Synthesis of α‐Aryl α‐Amino Acid Esters.
Authors: Salman Muhammad , Zhu Zhi‐Qiang , Huang Zhi‐Zhen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA range of N‐arylglycine esters react with variously functionalized phenol derivatives in an ortho‐selective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of Functionalized Tetrahydrocarbazoles Enabled by Asymmetric Relay Catalysis of Gold Complex and Chiral Broensted Acid.
Authors: Zhao Feng , Li Nan , Zhu Yi‐Fan , Han Zhi‐Yong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe novel title synthesis is based on an intramolecular hydroamination/Michael addition cascade which affords the products with two stereogenic centers in excellent yields and with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Roles of Methyl Ketones in Radziszewski‐Type Reaction: Formal [2 + 1 + 1 + 1] Synthesis of 1,2,5‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles.
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Gao Qinghe , Wu Xia , Geng Xiao , Wu Yan‐Dong , Wu Anxin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMethyl ketones serve concurrently as α‐dicarbonyl compound and as aldehydes for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Radical Addition/Cyclization Cascade for the Construction of Carbonyl‐Containing Quinoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones.
Authors: Wang Shi‐Sheng , Fu Hong , Shen Yuehai , Sun Meng , Li Ya‐Min 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this novel method, α‐keto acids as well as aldehydes are applied to give the title compounds from 2‐cyanoarylacrylamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Competitive Intramolecular C—C vs. C—O Bond Coupling Reactions Toward C6 Ring‐Fused 2‐Pyridone Synthesis.
Authors: Lepitre T. , Pintiala C. , Muru K. , Comesse S. , Rebbaa A. , Lawson A. M. , Daich A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractConditions for selective intramolecular C—O and C—C coupling reactions in N,3,5‐trisubstituted pyridones are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Chiral C2‐Symmetric NHC‐AuCl Complex.
Authors: Nakada Masahisa , Okitsu Naoya , Yoshida Takuya , Usui Kensuke 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA new chiral C2 symmetric NHC ligand bearing two seven‐membered rings that connect the imidazolylidene with the binaphthyl units is synthesized and utilized in a AuCl‐complex in catalytic asymmetric ene‐yne cyclizations.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Chloro‐4‐tetrafluorophenoxypyrimidine: A Versatile Reagent for C‐2 Prior to C‐4 Functionalizations.
Authors: O'Donnell Michael , Charrier Jean‐Damien 
Published: July 2016

Abstract2,4‐Substituted pyrimidines are prepared by C‐2 functionalization of 2‐chloro‐4‐tetrafluorophenoxypyrimidine (I) by cross‐coupling reactions followed by SNAr displacement at C‐4 position with a variety of amines.
­Effect of the rheological properties on the mixing of Herschel‐Bulkley fluids with coaxial mixers: Applications of tomography, CFD, and response surface methodology
Authors: Kazemzadeh Argang , Ein‐Mozaffari Farhad , Lohi Ali , Pakzad Leila 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this novel research was to evaluate the influence of the rheological parameters of Herschel‐Bulkley fluids (e.g. xanthan gum solution) such as consistency index, power‐law index, and yield stress, on the mixing performance of a coaxial mixer (Scaba‐anchor) at distinct speed ratios in terms of the mixing time and power consumption. The mixing time of opaque xanthan gum solution was measured by electrical resistance tomography (ERT). A CFD model was developed for the 3D simulation of the fluid flow generated by the coaxial mixer. The rotation of the coaxial impellers was modelled employing the sliding mesh method. The experimental measurements of power drawn and mixing time were used to validate the CFD model. The results showed that both the mixing time and power consumption increased with increasing the consistency index and yield stress, while the mixing time and power drawn decreased with a rise in the power‐law index. The design of experiment (DOE) and response surface methodology (RSM) were carried out to investigate the interaction between independent variables. The result showed that the interaction between the consistency index and yield stress was the most important one. The RSM analysis demonstrated that the consistency index and speed ratio had major influences on the mixing efficiency of the coaxial mixing system. Mixing time values for the coaxial mixer correlated well with the Reynolds number and specific power consumption.
Dioxonaphthoimidazoliums are Potent and Selective Rogue Stem Cell Clearing Agents with SOX2‐Suppressing Properties
Authors: Ho Si‐Han Sherman , Ali Azhar , Ng Yi‐Cheng , Lam Kuen‐Kuen Millie , Wang Shu , Chan Woon‐Khiong , Chin Tan‐Min , Go Mei‐Lin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPluripotent stem cells are uniquely positioned for regenerative medicine, but their clinical potential can only be realized if their tumorigenic tendencies are decoupled from their pluripotent properties. Deploying small molecules to remove remnant undifferentiated pluripotent cells, which would otherwise transform into teratomas and teratomacarcinomas, offers several advantages over non‐pharmacological methods. Dioxonapthoimidazolium YM155, a survivin suppressant, induced selective and potent cell death of undifferentiated stem cells. Herein, the structural requirements for stemotoxicity were investigated and found to be closely aligned with those essential for cytotoxicity in malignant cells. There was a critical reliance on the quinone and imidazolium moieties but a lesser dependence on ring substituents, which served mainly to fine‐tune activity. Several potent analogues were identified which, like YM155, suppressed survivin and decreased SOX2 in stem cells. The decrease in SOX2 would cause an imbalance in pluripotent factors that could potentially prompt cells to differentiate and hence decrease the risk of aberrant teratoma formation. As phosphorylation of the NF‐κB p50 subunit was also suppressed, the crosstalk between phospho‐p50, SOX2, and survivin could implicate a causal role for NF‐κB signaling in mediating the stem cell clearing properties of dioxonaphthoimidazoliums.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided FNA of pelvic lesions: A large single‐center experience
Authors: Hassan Galab M. , Paquin Sarto C. , Albadine Roula , Gariépy Gilles , Soucy Geneviève , Nguyen Bich N. , Sahai Anand V. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDPelvic endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (PEUS‐FNA) of rectal or perirectal lesions is safe, minimally invasive, and well tolerated. It provides valuable information, which can greatly influence patient management. Herein, the authors present what to their knowledge is the largest series to date of PEUS‐FNA.METHODSPEUS‐FNA specimens were retrieved from the archives of the study institution from January 2001 to March 2015. Only patients with solid pelvic lesions were examined. The cytopathology findings, immunohistochemistry, corresponding histology, and clinical data were collected. For analysis of accuracy, atypical or suspicious results were classified as “negative.” The sensitivity and specificity of PEUS‐FNA were calculated in a subset of patients with available surgical pathology.RESULTSA total of 127 cases meeting the current study criteria were obtained from patients who underwent PEUS‐FNA at the study institution between January 2001 and March 2015. The mean age of the patients was 60 years, and 53% were female. Pelvic lesions were comprised of 72% masses and 28% lymph nodes, with a mean mass diameter of 27.38 mm (range, 5‐100 mm). PEUS‐FNA was positive for malignancy in 45% of cases, atypical/suspicious in 4.7% of cases, and negative for malignancy in 50.3% of cases. Surgical pathology was available for 44 patients. PEUS‐FNA demonstrated 89.3% sensitivity, 100% specificity, a diagnostic accuracy of 93.2%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 84.2%. No complications were noted.CONCLUSIONSPEUS‐FNA is safe and effective for the investigation of pelvic lesions. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:836‐41. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Investigating the personality associations evoked by single colors: An exploratory study
Authors: Wu Zhiming , Lin Tao 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDespite the crucial role of color appearance in forming first impressions, it is still not clear how color evokes personality associations—that is, a color‐personality association (CPA). This study aims to propose a method for quantifying the relationships between color attributes and CPAs for single colors. Specifically, we first collected the CPAs of five traits evoked by single colors (i.e., extraverted–introverted, moody–unemotional, agreeable–disagreeable, organized–disorganized, and wide interests–narrow interests) in a carefully controlled experiment. Then, multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses were adopted to predict these CPAs based on three color attributes (lightness, chroma, and hue). Our results showed that (1) the personality associations could be evoked by colors and perceived consistently by observers; (2) the relationships between the color attributes and the CPAs could be well quantified by separately conducting MLR analyses in different regions of hue (i.e., red, green, blue, and yellow regions); and (3) both lightness and chroma were significant predictors in almost all predictive models and they might have different relative importance or directions of effect when predicting the CPAs in different regions of hue, even for the same trait. This study improves the understanding of how color evokes personality associations and takes the first step toward developing the method for predicting the CPAs for multicolor combinations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 388–396, 2017
An Unprecedented Photochemical Reaction for Anthracene‐Containing Derivatives
Authors: Zhao Jiang‐Lin , Jiang Xue‐Kai , Wu Chong , Wang Chuan‐Zeng , Zeng Xi , Redshaw Carl , Yamato Takehiko 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA series of anthracene‐containing derivatives have been synthesised and characterised. The photochemical behaviour of these derivatives have been investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. An unprecedented photolysis reaction for anthracene‐containing derivatives was observed in the case of anthracenes directly armed with a ‐CH2O‐R group upon UV irradiation. The photolysis reaction process has been demonstrated to occur in three steps. Firstly, the anthracene‐containing derivatives are converted into the corresponding endoperoxide intermediate upon UV irradiation in the presence of air; then, the endoperoxide intermediate is decomposed to the corresponding starting compound and 9‐anthraldehyde; finally, 9‐anthraldehyde is further oxidised to anthraquinone. Additionally, the photolysis reaction of anthracene‐containing derivatives is significantly promoted in the presence of a thiacalix[4]arene platform.
The Effects of Waiting for Treatment: A Meta‐Analysis of Waitlist Control Groups in Randomized Controlled Trials for Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Steinert Christiane , Stadter Katja , Stark Rudolf , Leichsenring Falk 
Published: July 2016

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a highly prevalent mental disorder. However, little is known about how SAD changes in subjects who do not receive treatment. Waitlist control groups (WLCGs) are frequently included in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the treatment of mental disorders. Data from WLCGs are of value as they provide information on the untreated short‐term course of a disorder and may serve as disorder‐specific norms of change (benchmarks) against which treatment outcomes of SAD can be compared. Thus, we performed a meta‐analysis focusing on the effects occurring in WLCGs of RCTs for SAD.Our study was conducted along the PRISMA guidelines. Thirty RCTs (total n = 2460) comprising 30 WLCGs and 47 treatment groups were included. Mean waiting time was 10.6 weeks. The pooled effect of waiting on SAD measures was g = 0.128 (95% CI: 0.057–0.199). Effects regarding other forms of anxiety, depression and functioning were of similarly small size. In contrast, change in the treatment groups was large, both within (g = 0.887) and between groups (g = 0.860). Our results show that for SAD, changes occurring in WLCGs of RCTs are small. The findings may serve as benchmarks in pilot studies of a new treatment or as an additional comparison in studies comparing two active treatments. For psychotherapy research in general, the small effect sizes found in WLCGs confirm that testing a treatment against a waiting list is not a very strict test. Further research on WLCGs in specific mental disorders is required, for example examining the expectancies of patients randomized to waiting. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

In clinical practice, patients suffering from a mental disorder often have to wait for treatment. By analyzing data from waitlist control groups we can gain estimates of symptom change that occur during waiting.
It could be seen that waiting for treatment only results in a negligible effect. Thus, in the short‐term (i.e., 10.6 weeks) time is no healer in social anxiety disorder.
Our results are similar to previous meta‐analyses on the effects of waiting in other disorders, e.g., depression and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Genetic diversity and evolutionary history of the Schizothorax species complex in the Lancang River (upper Mekong)
Authors: Chen Weitao , Shen Yanjun , Gan Xiaoni , Wang Xuzhen , He Shunping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe genus Schizothorax (Cyprinidae), one of the most diverse genera of ichthyofauna of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP), is a good candidate for investigating patterns of genetic variation and evolutionary mechanisms. In this study, sequences from the mitochondrial control region, the cytochrome b gene, and two nuclear genes were used to re‐examine the genetic diversity and investigate the evolutionary history of the Schizothorax species complex inhabiting the Lancang River. Three maternal clades were detected in the Schizothorax species complex, but frequent nuclear allele sharing also occurred among the three maternal clades. A discrepancy between topologies of mitochondrial and nuclear loci might result from introgression or/and incomplete lineage sorting. The divergence of the clades of the Schizothorax species complex was closely related to the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene orogenesis of the QTP and Southwest Mountains of China. Demographic analyses indicated that the species complex subsequently persisted in situ with stable populations during Pleistocene glacial cycling, which suggested that Pleistocene climate changes did not exert a remarkable influence on the species complex. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of the Schizothorax species complex in the Lancang River.
Positive and negative effects of mesograzers on early‐colonizing species in an intertidal rocky‐shore community
Authors: Tejada‐Martinez Daniela , López Daniela N. , Bonta César C. , Sepúlveda Roger D. , Valdivia Nelson 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe ecological consequences of human‐driven overexploitation and loss of keystone consumers are still unclear. In intertidal rocky shores over the world, the decrease of keystone macrograzers has resulted in an increase in the dominance of herbivores with smaller body (i.e., “mesograzers”), which could potentially alter community assembly and structure. Here, we experimentally tested whether mesograzers affect the structure of rocky intertidal communities during the period of early colonization after the occurrence of a disturbance. A manipulative field experiment was conducted to exclude mesograzers (i.e., juvenile chitons, small snails, amphipods, and juvenile limpets) from experimental areas in an ecosystem characterized by the overexploitation of keystone macrograzers and predators. The results of multivariate analyses suggest that mesograzers had significant effects on intertidal community structure through negative and positive effects on species abundances. Mesograzers had negative effects on filamentous algae, but positive effects on opportunistic foliose algae and barnacles. Probably, mesograzers indirectly favored the colonization of barnacles and foliose algae by removing preemptive competitors, as previously shown for other meso‐ and macrograzer species. These results strongly support the idea that small herbivores exert a firm controlling effect on the assembly process of natural communities. Therefore, changes in functional roles of top‐down controllers might have significant implications for the structure of intertidal communities.
Seed preferences by rodents in the agri‐environment and implications for biological weed control
Authors: Fischer Christina , Türke Manfred 
Published: July 2016

SummaryPost‐dispersal seed predation and endozoochorous seed dispersal are two antagonistic processes in relation to plant recruitment, but rely on similar preconditions such as feeding behavior of seed consumers and seed traits. In agricultural landscapes, rodents are considered important seed predators, thereby potentially providing regulating ecosystem services in terms of biological weed control. However, their potential to disperse seeds endozoochorously is largely unknown. We exposed seeds of arable plant species with different seed traits (seed weight, nutrient content) and different Red List status in an experimental rye field and assessed seed removal by rodents. In a complementary laboratory experiment, consumption rates, feeding preferences, and potential endozoochory by two vole species (Microtus arvalis and Myodes glareolus) were tested. Seed consumption by rodents after 24 h was 35% in the field and 90% in the laboratory. Both vole species preferred nutrient‐rich over nutrient‐poor seeds and M. glareolus further preferred light over heavy seeds and seeds of common over those of endangered plants. Endozoochory by voles could be neglected for all tested plant species as no seeds germinated, and only few intact seeds could be retrieved from feces. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that voles can provide regulating services in agricultural landscapes by depleting the seed shadow of weeds, rather than facilitating plant recruitment by endozoochory. In the laboratory, endangered arable plants were less preferred by voles than noxious weeds, and thus, our results provide implications for seed choice in restoration approaches. However, other factors such as seed and predator densities need to be taken into account to reliably predict the impact of rodents on the seed fate of arable plants.
Mitonuclear coevolution as the genesis of speciation and the mitochondrial DNA barcode gap
Authors: Hill Geoffrey E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMitochondrial genes are widely used in taxonomy and systematics because high mutation rates lead to rapid sequence divergence and because such changes have long been assumed to be neutral with respect to function. In particular, the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 has been established as a highly effective DNA barcode for diagnosing the species boundaries of animals. Rarely considered in discussions of mitochondrial evolution in the context of systematics, speciation, or DNA barcodes, however, is the genomic architecture of the eukaryotes: Mitochondrial and nuclear genes must function in tight coordination to produce the complexes of the electron transport chain and enable cellular respiration. Coadaptation of these interacting gene products is essential for organism function. I extend the hypothesis that mitonuclear interactions are integral to the process of speciation. To maintain mitonuclear coadaptation, nuclear genes, which code for proteins in mitochondria that cofunction with the products of mitochondrial genes, must coevolve with rapidly changing mitochondrial genes. Mitonuclear coevolution in isolated populations leads to speciation because population‐specific mitonuclear coadaptations create between‐population mitonuclear incompatibilities and hence barriers to gene flow between populations. In addition, selection for adaptive divergence of products of mitochondrial genes, particularly in response to climate or altitude, can lead to rapid fixation of novel mitochondrial genotypes between populations and consequently to disruption in gene flow between populations as the initiating step in animal speciation. By this model, the defining characteristic of a metazoan species is a coadapted mitonuclear genotype that is incompatible with the coadapted mitochondrial and nuclear genotype of any other population.