bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness in addictions
Authors: Johnson David , Mullen Donna , Smith Iain D. , Wilson Alistair 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThere have been many developments in mindfulness-based approaches (MBAs) since the original mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course was first delivered in the 1980s. There are now a variety of mindfulness approaches, which are used to good effect in a range of psychological and physical health disorders. The addictions field first witnessed the development of relapse prevention techniques more than 30 years ago. MBAs have been adapted for use in relapse prevention and can be offered as a mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) course. MBSR or mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) courses may also be useful for those with addiction problems. In this article, we describe the MBAs that are commonly offered at present. We highlight ways in which these approaches may be useful in the addictions feld. We also make suggestions for clinicians who may be interested in offering MBAs within their own service.
Perinatal psychiatry: a new specialty or everyone's business?
Authors: Humphreys Jacqueline , Obeney-Williams Janet , Cheung Rachael W. , Shah Nisha 
Published: November 2016

SummaryPerinatal psychiatry is a relatively new subspecialty and controversy exists about such specialist provision. Differences can occur in how mental illnesses present in pregnancy, and there is a need to take into account both mother and baby. The risks of not treating perinatal mental illness can be both acute and chronic, and suicide in the context of untreated illness remains a leading indirect cause of maternal mortality. Despite the government's agenda of preventive healthcare, service provision is inequitable across the UK. Advice regarding treatment continues to be complex, and perinatal psychiatrists need to keep abreast of a growing evidence base. This review offers an overview of some current issues in the care of patients in the perinatal period and shows how specialised perinatal services are uniquely placed to meet their needs. Hopefully, it will prove useful to all clinicians responsible for the perinatal care of women and their families.
International consensus on the definition and classification of fibrosis of the knee joint
Authors: Kalson N. S. , Borthwick L. A. , Mann D. A. , Deehan D. J. , Lewis P. , Mann C. , Mont M. A. , Morgan-Jones R. , Oussedik S. , Williams F. M. K. , Toms A. , Argenson J. N. , Bellemans J. , Bhave A. , Furnes O. , Gollwitzer H. , Haddad F. S. , Hofmann S. , Krenn V. 
Published: November 2016

AimsThe aim of this consensus was to develop a definition of post-operative fibrosis of the knee.Patients and MethodsAn international panel of experts took part in a formal consensus process composed of a discussion phase and three Delphi rounds.ResultsPost-operative fibrosis of the knee was defined as a limited range of movement (ROM) in flexion and/or extension, that is not attributable to an osseous or prosthetic block to movement from malaligned, malpositioned or incorrectly sized components, metal hardware, ligament reconstruction, infection (septic arthritis), pain, chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS) or other specific causes, but due to soft-tissue fibrosis that was not present pre-operatively. Limitation of movement was graded as mild, moderate or severe according to the range of flexion (90° to 100°, 70° to 89°, < 70°) or extension deficit (5° to 10°, 11° to 20°, > 20°). Recommended investigations to support the diagnosis and a strategy for its management were also agreed.ConclusionThe development of standardised, accepted criteria for the diagnosis, classification and grading of the severity of post-operative fibrosis of the knee will facilitate the identification of patients for inclusion in clinical trials, the development of clinical guidelines, and eventually help to inform the management of this difficult condition. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1479–88.
A protocol for the use of closed reduction in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip incorporating open psoas and adductor releases and a short-leg cast
Authors: Tennant S. J. , Eastwood D. M. , Calder P. , Hashemi-Nejad A. , Catterall A. 
Published: November 2016

Aims Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of a protocol involving a standardised closed reduction for the treatment of children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in maintaining reduction and to report the mid-term results. Methods A total of 133 hips in 120 children aged less than two years who underwent closed reduction, with a minimum follow-up of five years or until subsequent surgery, were included in the study. The protocol defines the criteria for an acceptable reduction and the indications for a concomitant soft-tissue release. All children were immobilised in a short- leg cast for three months. Arthrograms were undertaken at the time of closed reduction and six weeks later. Follow-up radiographs were taken at six months and one, two and five years later and at the latest follow-up. The Tönnis grade, acetabular index, Severin grade and signs of osteonecrosis were recorded. Results A total of 67 hips (51%) were Tönnis grade 3/4 hips. By 12 months, 20 reductions (15%) had not been maintained, and these required open reduction. In all, 55% of these were Severin 1; the others were Severin 2, due to minor acetabular dysplasia. Of the 113 successful closed reductions, 98 hips (87%) were Severin 1. Surgery for residual DDH was offered for ten hips. Osteonecrosis was seen in 32 hips (29%) but was transient in 28. In total, two children (1.5%) had severe osteonecrosis. Bilateral dislocations were significantly more likely to fail and most Tönnis 4 hips failed. Conclusion Closed reduction, with concomitant adductor and psoas release when required and the use of a short leg plaster of Paris cast for three months, can produce good mid-term results in children with DDH aged less than two years. This protocol is not recommended for Tönnis 4 hips. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1548–53.
A comparison of necrotising fasciitis in diabetics and non-diabetics
Authors: Tan J. H. , Koh B. T. H. , Hong C. C. , Lim S. H. , Liang S. , Chan G. W. H. , Wang W. , Nather A. 
Published: November 2016

Aims Diabetes mellitus is the most common co-morbidity associated with necrotising fasciitis. This study aims to compare the clinical presentation, investigations, Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotising Fasciitis (LRINEC) score, microbiology and outcome of management of this condition in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Patients and Methods The medical records of all patients with surgically proven necrotising fasciitis treated at our institution between 2005 and 2014 were reviewed. Diagnosis of necrotising fasciitis was made on findings of ‘dishwater’ fluid, presence of greyish necrotic deep fascia and lack of bleeding on muscle dissection found intra-operatively. Information on patients’ demographics, presenting symptoms, clinical signs, investigations, treatment and outcome were recorded and analysed. Results A total of 127 patients with surgically proven necrotising fasciitis were included in this study. In all, 78 (61.4%) were diabetic and 49 (38.6%) were non-diabetic. Diabetics tended to have polymicrobial infections (p = 0.03), renal impairment (p < 0.001), end-stage renal disease (p = 0.001) and multiple co-morbidities (p < 0.001). They presented atypically, with less tenderness (p = 0.042) and less hypotension (p = 0.034). This resulted in higher rates of misdiagnosis (p = 0.038) and a longer time to surgery (p = 0.05) leading to longer hospital stays (p = 0.043) and higher rates of amputation (p = 0.045). However, the rate of mortality is comparable (p = 0.525). A LRINEC score of > 8 appears to be more sensitive in diabetic patients (p < 0.001). However, the increased sensitivity in diabetic patients may be related to hyperglycemia and electrolyte abnormalities associated with renal impairment in these patients. Conclusion The LRINEC score must be used with caution in diagnosing necrotising fasciitis in diabetic patients. A high index of suspicion is key to the early diagnosis and subsequent management of these patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1563–8.
Comparison of measurements of the glenopolar angle in 3D CT reconstructions of the scapula and 2D plain radiographic views
Authors: Suter T. , Henninger H. B. , Zhang Y. , Wylie J. D. , Tashjian R. Z. 
Published: November 2016

AimsThe aim of this study was to analyse the effect of altered viewing perspectives on the measurement of the glenopolar angle (GPA) and the differences between these measurements made on 3D CT reconstructions and anteroposterior (AP) scapular view radiographs.Materials and MethodsThe influence of the viewing perspective on the GPA was assessed, as were the differences in the measurements of the GPA between 3D CT reconstructions and AP scapular view radiographs in 68 cadaveric scapulae.ResultsThe median GPA in 3D reconstructions and AP scapular views were 42.7° (95% confidence intervals (CI), 42.0° to 43.5°) and 41.3° (95% CI 40.4° to 42.0°) respectively (p < 0.001). All but five of 20 malpositions demonstrated a significant difference in GPA compared with the respective AP scapular view (p ≤ 0.005). The GPA was most susceptible to malposition in retroversion/anteversion. Inter- and intra-observer reliability for all measurements of the GPA was excellent for 3D CT reconstructions (intraclass correlation (ICC) 0.93 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.96) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.97), respectively) and higher than on AP scapular radiographs (p < 0.001). The intra- and inter-observer reliability was excellent in AP scapular views and malpositions in extension/flexion (ICC ≥ 0.84) but tended to decrease with increasing viewing angle in retroversion/anteversion.ConclusionThese data suggest that 3D reconstructions are more reproducible than AP scapular radiographs in the assessment of the GPA and should be used to compare data in different studies, to predict outcome, define malunion, and act as an indication for surgery in patients with a scapular fracture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1510–16.
Suprascapular neuropathy in massive rotator cuff tears with severe fatty degeneration in the infraspinatus muscle
Authors: Kong B. Y. , Kim S. H. , Kim D. H. , Joung H. Y. , Jang Y. H. , Oh J. H. 
Published: November 2016

AimsOur aim was to describe the atypical pattern of increased fatty degeneration in the infraspinatus muscle compared with the supraspinatus in patients with a massive rotator cuff tear. We also wished to describe the nerve conduction and electromyography findings in these patients.Patients and MethodsA cohort of patients undergoing surgery for a massive rotator cuff tear was identified and their clinical records obtained. Their MRI images were reviewed to ascertain the degree of retraction of the torn infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles, and the degree of fatty degeneration in both muscles was recorded. Nerve conduction studies were also performed in those patients who showed more degeneration in the infraspinatus than in the supraspinatus.ResultsOut of a total of 396 patients who underwent surgery for a massive rotator cuff tear between 2006 and 2015, 35 who had more severe fatty degeneration in the infraspinatus than in the supraspinatus were identified. There were 13 men and 22 women. Their mean age was 67.2 years (56 to 81). A total of 20 (57%) had grade 4 fatty degeneration as classified by Fuchs et al, in the infraspinatus. Patte grade 3 muscle retraction was seen in 25 patients (71%). In all, eight patients (23%) had abnormal nerve conduction studies. The mean retraction of the infraspinatus was 3.6 cm (2.1 to 4.8) in patients with more severe fatty degeneration in the infraspinatus, versus 3.0 cm (1.7 to 5.5) in those with more severe degeneration in the supraspinatus (p = 0.003). The retraction ratios were 0.98 (0.61 to 1.57) and 0.77 (0.38 to 1.92), respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionFatty degeneration affecting the infraspinatus more than the supraspinatus may be, in the context of a massive rotator cuff tear, due to entrapment of the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1505–9.
Is structural hydroxyapatite tricalcium-phosphate graft or tricortical iliac crest autograft better for calcaneal lengthening osteotomy in childhood?
Authors: Martinkevich P. , Rahbek O. , Stilling M. , Pedersen L. K. , Gottliebsen M. , Søballe K. , Møller-Madsen B. 
Published: November 2016

AimsTo compare the structural durability of hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HATCP) to autologous iliac crest bone graft in calcaneal lengthening osteotomy (CLO) for pes planovalgus in childhood.Patients and MethodsWe present the interim results of ten patients (HATCP, n = 6 and autograft, n = 5) with a mean age of 11.5 years (8.2 to 14.2) from a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial with six months follow-up. The primary outcome was the stability of the osteotomy as measured by radiostereometric analysis. A non-inferiority margin of ≤ 2 mm osteotomy compression was set.ResultsAt six months the data showed that the osteotomy had been compressed by a mean 1.97 mm (99.8% confidence interval -1.65 to 5.60) more in the HATCP group than in the autograft group. Migration of the CLO grafted with HATCP stabilised at six months rather than at six weeks with autograft.ConclusionThis is the first randomised trial to compare the efficacy of HATCP graft with autograft in terms of stability of CLO in children. Because of problems with the HATCP the trial was stopped. We do not recommend HATCP graft in its current structure for use in unfixed CLOs. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1554–62.
The effect of the native kinematics of the knee on the outcome following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Mooney L. T. , Smith A. , Sloan K. , Clark G. W. 
Published: November 2016

AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate differences in pain, range of movement function and satisfaction at three months and one year after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with an oblique pattern of kinematic graph of the knee and those with a varus pattern.Patients and MethodsA total of 91 patients who underwent TKA were included in this retrospective study. Patients (59 women and 32 men with mean age of 68.7 years; 38.6 to 88.4) were grouped according to kinematic graphs which were generated during navigated TKA and the outcomes between the groups were compared.ResultsThe graphs were varus in 50 patients (55%), oblique in 19 (21%), neutral in 17 (18.5%) and valgus in five (5.5%). After adjustment for pre-operative scores and gender, compared with patients with varus knee kinematics, patients with an oblique kinematic graph had a poorer outcome with lower Knee Society scores at three months (9.2 points, p = 0.038).ConclusionWe found four distinct kinematic graphs in knees and that patients with an oblique graph have a poorer outcome in the short-term after TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1471–8.
Should syndesmotic screws be removed after surgical fixation of unstable ankle fractures?
Authors: Dingemans S. A. , Rammelt S. , White T. O. , Goslings J. C. , Schepers T. 
Published: November 2016

AimsIn approximately 20% of patients with ankle fractures, there is an concomitant injury to the syndesmosis which requires stabilisation, usually with one or more syndesmotic screws. The aim of this review is to evaluate whether removal of the syndesmotic screw is required in order for the patient to obtain optimal functional recovery.Materials and MethodsA literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library for articles in which the syndesmotic screw was retained. Articles describing both removal and retaining of syndesmotic screws were included. Excluded were biomechanical studies, studies not providing patient related outcome measures, case reports, studies on skeletally immature patients and reviews. No restrictions regarding year of publication and language were applied.ResultsA total of 329 studies were identified, of which nine were of interest, and another two articles were added after screening the references. In all, two randomised controlled trials (RCT) and nine case-control series were found. The two RCTs found no difference in functional outcome between routine removal and retaining the syndesmotic screw. All but one of the case-control series found equal or better outcomes when the syndesmotic screw was retained. However, all included studies had substantial methodological flaws.ConclusionsThe currently available literature does not support routine elective removal of syndesmotic screws. However, the literature is of insufficient quality to be able to draw definitive conclusions. Secondary procedures incur a provider and institutional cost and expose the patient to the risk of complications. Therefore, in the absence of high quality evidence there appears to be little justification for routine removal of syndesmotic screws. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1497–1504.
What is the lifetime risk of revision for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Abdel M. P. , Roth P. von , Harmsen W. S. , Berry D. J. 
Published: November 2016

AimsThe purpose of this study was to determine the lifetime risk of revision surgery for patients undergoing Charnley cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA), with 40-year follow up, using death as a competing risk.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 2000 cemented Charnley THAs, with 51 living hips available at 40 years.ResultsThe cumulative risk of revision or removal for any reason was 13% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12 to 15). Patients aged under 50 years at the time of surgery had a 35% (95% CI 28 to 42) risk of revision or removal for any reason (Hazard Ratio (HR) 3.6; 95% CI 2.5 to 5.2; p < 0.001), patients 50 to 59 years old had a 20% risk (95% CI 16 to 24) (HR 2.1; 95% CI 1.5 to 2.8; p < 0.0001), patients aged 60 to 69 years had a 9% risk (95% CI 7 to 11) (reference point), and patients ≥ 70 years old had a 5% risk (95% CI 4 to 7) (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.6 to 1.5; p = 0.86) during their lifetime. Men had a higher risk of revision or removal for any reason (HR 2.1; 95% CI 1.7 to 2.7; p < 0.001).ConclusionWith almost all the patients in this series followed up till either death or revision, we have been able to develop a ‘rule of thumb’ for lifetime likelihood of revision or implant removal for the Charnley THA: one in three for patients < 50 years, one in five for patients 50 to 59 years, one in ten for patients 60 to 69 years, and one in 20 for patients ≥ 70 years. The results provide a benchmark for comparison of outcomes, for the newer designs of THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1436–40.
Silencing of microRNA-138-5p promotes IL-1β-induced cartilage degradation in human chondrocytes by targeting FOXC1
Authors: Yuan Y. , Zhang G. Q. , Chai W. , Ni M. , Xu C. , Chen J. Y. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesOsteoarthritis (OA) is characterised by articular cartilage degradation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in the development of OA. The purpose of our study was to explore the functional role and underlying mechanism of miR-138-5p in interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation of OA cartilage.Materials and MethodsHuman articular cartilage was obtained from patients with and without OA, and chondrocytes were isolated and stimulated by IL-1β. The expression levels of miR-138-5p in cartilage and chondrocytes were both determined. After transfection with miR-138-5p mimics, allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO)-miR-138-5p, or their negative controls, the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of aggrecan (ACAN), collagen type II and alpha 1 (COL2A1), the protein levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and both the mRNA and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 were evaluated. Luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot were performed to explore whether Forkhead Box C1 (FOCX1) was a target of miR-138-5p. Further, we co-transfected OA chondrocytes with miR-138-5p mimics and pcDNA3.1 (+)-FOXC1 and then stimulated with IL-1β to determine whether miR-138-5p-mediated IL-1β-induced cartilage matrix degradation resulted from targeting FOXC1.ResultsMiR-138-5p was significantly increased in OA cartilage and in chondrocytes in response to IL-1β-stimulation. Overexpression of miR-138-5p significantly increased the IL-1β-induced downregulation of COL2A1, ACAN, and GAGs, and increased the IL-1β-induced over expression of MMP-13.We found that FOXC1 is directly regulated by miR-138-5p. Additionally, co-transfection with miR-138-5p mimics and pcDNA3.1 (+)-FOXC1 resulted in higher levels of COL2A1, ACAN, and GAGs, but lower levels of MMP-13.ConclusionmiR-138-5p promotes IL-1β-induced cartilage degradation in human chondrocytes, possibly by targeting FOXC1. Cite this article: Y. Yuan, G. Q. Zhang, W. Chai,M. Ni, C. Xu, J. Y. Chen. Silencing of microRNA-138-5p promotes IL-1β-induced cartilage degradation in human chondrocytes by targeting FOXC1: miR-138 promotes cartilage degradation. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:523–530. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.510.BJR-2016-0074.R2.
Using the Teaching Interactions Procedure to Teach Social Skills to Children With Autism and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Hui Shyuan Ng Aubrey , Schulze Kim , Rudrud Eric , Leaf Justin B. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This study implemented a modified teaching interaction procedure to teach social skills to 4 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder with an intellectual disability. A multiple baseline design across social skills and replicated across participants was utilized to evaluate the effects of the modified teaching interaction procedure. The results demonstrated that the teaching interaction procedure resulted in all participants acquiring targeted social skills, maintaining the targeted social skills, and generalizing the targeted social skills.
Trends and challenges in big data processing
Authors: Stoica Ion 
Published: November 2016

Almost six years ago we started the Spark project at UC Berkeley. Spark is a cluster computing engine that is optimized for in-memory processing, and unifies support for a variety of workloads, including batch, interactive querying, streaming, and iterative computations. Spark is now the most active big data project in the open source community, and is already being used by over one thousand organizations.
One of the reasons behind Spark's success has been our early bet on the continuous increase in the memory capacity and the feasibility to fit many realistic workloads in the aggregate memory of typical production clusters. Today, we are witnessing new trends, such as Moore's law slowing down, and the emergence of a variety of computation and storage technologies, such as GPUs, FPGAs, and 3D Xpoint. In this talk, I'll discuss some of the lessons we learned in developing Spark as a unified computation platform, and the implications of today's hardware and software trends on the development of the next generation of big data processing systems.