bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distal and proximal factors of wearable users’ quantified-self dependence: A cognitive-behavioral model
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Chen Shuang 
Published: September 2024

Objective While using self-tracking devices for physical health has become ubiquitous, the potential for quantified-self (QS) dependence as a detrimental outcome for mental health is under-explored. This study examined the mechanism of wearable users’ QS dependence by investigating both the distal and proximal factors based on a cognitive-behavioral model. Methods A total of 535 wearable users aged 18–35 years were surveyed in this study. The surveys included control variable questions related to age, gender, monthly income, BMI, and wearable use experience. Key variable measures included distal factor (habitual use of wearables), proximal factors (perceived external regulation, recognition, and perceived irreplaceability), and perceived QS dependence. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test research hypotheses. Results The results revealed that habitual use of wearables as a distal factor alone was negatively associated with perceived QS dependence. However, it positively influenced perceived external regulation, recognition, and perceived irreplaceability, which in turn significantly contributed to perceived QS dependence, suggesting the suppression effect of the proximal factors. Conclusions The relationships between habitual use of wearables and QS dependence are complex. Although habitual use may seem apparently harmless, it can indirectly foster maladaptive cognitions, thereby promoting dependence. These findings underscore the potential threats of maladaptive cognitions that may arise from leveraging technology to promote physical health, thus offering guidance to technology designers for interventions.
How to support caregivers in general practice: development of the Caregiver Care Model
Authors: Mygind Anna , Offersen Sara Marie Hebsgaard , Guldin Mai-Britt , Christensen Kaj S. , Nielsen Mette Kjærgaard 
Published: September 2024

Background: Caring for a family member can be demanding, particularly when caregivers experience profound distress. Supportive interventions may help prevent mental and physical illness in the caregiver. General practice plays a key role by regularly engaging with patients and caregivers, thereby being able to identify their support needs, offer talk therapy and refer to care initiatives. Objective: This study aimed to develop and pilot-test the Caregiver Care Model to mitigate grief reactions among caregivers in general practice. Design: A participatory intervention development study. Methods: A prototype was developed in a workshop with healthcare professionals. The prototype was refined based on a pilot-test among 40 caregivers from 5 general practice clinics and a workshop with general practitioners. The data were obtained from workshops, feedback questionnaires completed by healthcare professionals, and interviews with caregivers and general practitioners. The analysis focused on model development and mechanisms of impact. Results: The prototype was refined by focusing the dialogue questionnaire, minimising the grief facilitation tools and expanding the target group. The prototype seemed to accommodate the needs among caregivers by acknowledging their situation. The final model includes up to seven caregiver consultations in general practice. A dialogue questionnaire filled in by the caregiver serves as a fixed starting point and preparation for the first consultation. If needed, talk therapy in general practice or referrals to other services are used. Conclusion: The model offers promising support for caregivers. Its flexible structure allows for customisation. The viability of the model should be further tested.
CD94+natural killer cells potentiate pulmonary ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Tsao Tasha , Qiu Longhui , Bharti Reena , Shemesh Avishai , Hernandez Alberto M. , Cleary Simon J. , Greenland Nancy Y. , Santos Jesse , Shi Ruoshi , Bai Lu , Richardson Jennifer , Dilley Kimberley , Will Matthias , Tomasevic Nenad , Sputova Tereza , Salles Adam , Kang Jeffrey , Zhang Dongliang , Hays Steven R. , Kukreja Jasleen , Singer Jonathan P. , Lanier Lewis L. , Looney Mark R. , Greenland John R. , Calabrese Daniel R. 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundPulmonary ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major contributor to poor lung transplant outcomes. We recently demonstrated a central role of airway-centred natural killer (NK) cells in mediating IRI; however, there are no existing effective therapies for directly targeting NK cells in humans.MethodsWe hypothesised that a depleting anti-CD94 monoclonal antibody (mAb) would provide therapeutic benefit in mouse and human models of IRI based on high levels ofKLRD1(CD94) transcripts in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from lung transplant patients.ResultsWe found that CD94 is highly expressed on mouse and human NK cells, with increased expression during IRI. Anti-mouse and anti-human mAbs against CD94 showed effective NK cell depletion in mouse and human models and blunted lung damage and airway epithelial killing, respectively. In two different allogeneic orthotopic lung transplant mouse models, anti-CD94 treatment during induction reduced early lung injury and chronic inflammation relative to control therapies. Anti-CD94 did not increase donor antigen-presenting cells that could alter long-term graft acceptance.ConclusionsLung transplant induction regimens incorporating anti-CD94 treatment may safely improve early clinical outcomes.
Admission characteristics of patients with short term hospitalization
Authors: Frenkel Nir Yael , Levy Yuval , Grossman Ehud , Klang Eyal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Sheba Medical Center (SMC) is the largest hospital in Israel and has been coping with a steady increase in total Emergency Department (ED) visits. Over 140,000 patients arrive at the SMC's ED every year. Of those, 19% are admitted to the medical wards. Some are very short hospitalizations (one night or less). This puts a heavy burden on the medical wards. We aimed to identify the characteristics of short hospitalizations.

Methods
We retrospectively retrieved data of consecutive adult patients admitted to our hospital during January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019. We limited the cohort to patients who were admitted to the medical wards. We divided the study group into those with short, those with non-short hospitalization and those who were discharged from the ED.

Results
Out of 133,126 admissions, 59,994 (45.0%) were hospitalized for short term. Patients in the short hospitalization group were younger and had fewer comorbidities. The highest rate of short hospitalization was recorded during night shifts (58.4%) and the rate of short hospitalization was associated with the ED daily patient load (r = 0.35, p < 0.001). The likelihood of having a short hospitalization was most prominent in patients with suicide attempt (80.0% of those admitted for this complaint had a short hospitalization), followed by hypertension (68.6%). However, these complaints accounted for only 0.7% of the total number of short hospitalizations. Cardiac and neurological complaints however, made up 27.4% of the short hospitalizations. The 30-days mortality rate was 7.0% in the non-short hospitalization group, 4.3% in the short hospitalization group and 0.9% in those who were discharged from the ED.

Conclusions
Short hospitalizations in medical wards have special characteristics that may render them predictable. Increasing the rate of treating personnel per patient during peak hours and referring subsets of patients with cardiac and neurological complaints to ED-associated short term observation units may decrease short admissions to medical departments.
Identification of driving mechanisms of actual evapotranspiration in the Yiluo River Basin based on structural equation modeling
Authors: Xu Shu , Qin Tianling , Lu Jie , Liu Shanshan , Hou Jun , Feng Jianming , Li Wei , Liu Hanxiao , Abebe Sintayehu A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is a crucial aspect of the hydrological cycle. It serves as a vital link between the soil–vegetation–atmosphere continuum. Quantifying the leading factors of regional ETa change and revealing the multi-factor compound driving mechanism of ETa evolution is necessary. Structural equation modeling (SEM) has been widely used to study the structural relationships between variables in large-scale areas. However, there is an urgent need for more in-depth exploration of these complex relationships at the grid scale. Therefore, the Yiluo River Basin, a representative area of soil and water conservation engineering demonstration in the Loess Plateau, was selected as the study area, and the SEM at the basin scale and grid-scale were constructed to carry out the research.

Results
The data indicate that ETa decreased at 1.97 mm per year at the watershed scale from 1982 to 2020. Climate change had the greatest impact on the change of ETa in the watershed, with a total impact coefficient of over 0.9. The direct impact of climate change on ETa increased by 0.571 from 1982–1992 to 1993–2020. The direct impact coefficients of vegetation cover and soil moisture decreased by 0.402 and 0.102, respectively, while the impact coefficient of the water body factors increased by 0.096. At the scale of individual grid cells, the ETa in the watershed was affected by changes in watershed climate, vegetation, and soil moisture, with contributions ranging from − 0.31 to 0.22, − 1.09 to − 0.08, and 0.61 to 0.90, respectively. Spatially, vegetation and soil moisture had a stronger impact on ETa in the upstream area, while climate change had a negative effect, and the downstream region had the opposite effect. Furthermore, the regulatory impact of large reservoirs mitigated the response of water surface evaporation to climate change in the upstream region.

Conclusions
The application of SEM at different spatial and temporal scales has effectively quantified the driving mechanisms behind actual evapotranspiration in the Yiluo River Basin, while visually representing the spatial distribution characteristics of various influencing factors on ETa. This research provides a theoretical foundation for studying slope water consumption processes and circulation mechanisms.
Dengue epidemic in China before 1978
Authors: Guo Xiang , Chen Haiyang , Lin Ruifeng , Liu Xiaohua , Li Meng , Ge Liu , Deng Wenting , Wu Rangke , Zhou Xiaohong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDengue, an acute febrile disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), presenting a formidable challenge to global public health. By examining clues from ancient Chinese books and conducting a comprehensive review, this study elucidates the characteristics of potential dengue epidemics in China prior to 1978. This evidence indicates that China may not have experience dengue epidemics before 1840. During 1840–1949, however, it experienced a noticeable dengue occurrence and prevalence in the 1870s, 1920s, and 1940s. Then from 1949 to 1978, only sporadic reports were accounted. The disparity in the frequency of dengue occurrences across three time periods suggests that the persistent characteristic of dengue epidemics in China primarily arises from imported cases resulting from international exchanges, subsequently leading to local outbreaks influenced by global epidemic trend. This research offers a novel perspective on retrospectively examining the historical trajectory of dengue epidemics and provides valuable insights into exploration of DENV epidemic patterns.
Graphical Abstract
Recovery of consciousness after acute brain injury: a narrative review
Authors: Egawa Satoshi , Ader Jeremy , Claassen Jan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Disorders of consciousness (DoC) are frequently encountered in both, acute and chronic brain injuries. In many countries, early withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments is common practice for these patients even though the accuracy of predicting recovery is debated and delayed recovery can be seen. In this review, we will discuss theoretical concepts of consciousness and pathophysiology, explore effective strategies for management, and discuss the accurate prediction of long-term clinical outcomes. We will also address research challenges.

Main text
DoC are characterized by alterations in arousal and/or content, being classified as coma, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome/vegetative state, minimally conscious state, and confusional state. Patients with willful modulation of brain activity detectable by functional MRI or EEG but not by behavioral examination is a state also known as covert consciousness or cognitive motor dissociation. This state may be as common as every 4th or 5th patient without behavioral evidence of verbal command following and has been identified as an independent predictor of long-term functional recovery. Underlying mechanisms are uncertain but intact arousal and thalamocortical projections maybe be essential. Insights into the mechanisms underlying DoC will be of major importance as these will provide a framework to conceptualize treatment approaches, including medical, mechanical, or electoral brain stimulation.

Conclusions
We are beginning to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of DoC, identifying novel advanced prognostication tools to improve the accuracy of recovery predictions, and are starting to conceptualize targeted treatments to support the recovery of DoC patients. It is essential to determine how these advancements can be implemented and benefit DoC patients across a range of clinical settings and global societal systems. The Curing Coma Campaign has highlighted major gaps knowledge and provides a roadmap to advance the field of coma science with the goal to support the recovery of patients with DoC.
Author’s response to the letter “Japanese clinical practice guidelines for rehabilitation in critically ill patients 2023 (J-ReCIP 2023)”
Authors: Kasai Fumihito , Iida Yuki , Unoki Takeshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecently, a Letter to the Editor critiquing the recommendations of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rehabilitation in Critically Ill Patients, 2023, was published. The comment centered on the recommendation, "Weak recommendation against the use of endoscopy-based management (GRADE 2D: certainty of evidence = 'very low')" for the clinical question, "Should critically ill patients be managed based on video endoscopic assessment of swallowing?" In response, we outline the rationale behind our recommendations and their clinical implications.
Hydrogeological structure of a seafloor hydrothermal system deduced from a pair of positive and negative self-potential anomalies observed at the Oomuro-dashi hydrothermal field in the Izu-Ogasawara Arc, south of Japan
Authors: Kawada Yoshifumi , Kasaya Takafumi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper presents and interprets two new self-potential data measured over a hydrothermally active field associated with a Quaternary rhyolitic volcano, Oomuro-dashi, in the northern Izu-Ogasawara Arc, south of Japan. The measured data show a pair of positive and negative anomalies of the order of one millivolt at 5 m above the seafloor. The observation of a positive self-potential near a seafloor hydrothermal system is new, in spite that negative self-potential anomalies have been regularly reported in various studies for different locations. Determining the dominant mechanism(s) is therefore key to further understanding the subseafloor structure of seafloor hydrothermal systems. To this end, we also conducted long-term observations of subseafloor temperatures at two sites in the area of the self-potential anomaly to estimate the Darcy velocity. We found a downward fluid flow of the order of tens of metres per year at both sites. The flow in the area of the negative self-potential anomaly is stronger than in the area of the positive anomaly. Based on these observations, we propose two end-member models to explain the paired self-potential anomaly. The first model considers a horizontal geo-battery, in which part of a subhorizontal electrically conductive body is crossed by a subvertical redox front. In this model, the oxidised part of the geo-battery causes a negative self-potential anomaly, as in the previous observations, while the reduced counterpart of the geo-battery, which is normally buried, is exposed near the seafloor and causes a positive anomaly. In this case, a conductive body is expected to lie beneath both anomalies, and we could access the reduced part of the geo-battery. This model is consistent with the results of the Darcy velocity estimation if the strong hydrothermal circulation would cause the redox horizon to deepen. The second model is a combination of the thermal and streaming potentials causing both positive and negative self-potential anomalies. This model does not necessarily require a buried conductive body beneath the self-potential anomalies. These end-member models could be distinguished by resistivity imaging, which identifies the distribution of conductive bodies beneath self-potential anomalies, although they would overlap in natural systems.
Graphical Abstract
Relationships between morphological factors and heat extraction from the upper arm using liquid cooling garment
Authors: Stenkina Maria , Lim Ga-Young , Ghim Yujean , Kim Hyun-Soo , Lee Joo-Young 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAstronauts wear liquid perfused garments inside their outer spacesuits for regulating body temperature. The present study explored relationships between local heat production from the upper arm and body morphology while wearing liquid perfused sleeve. Heat extraction from the upper arm of 19 subjects (8 males and 11 females) during three different exercise modes (running at 6–8 km∙h−1, cycling at 40–55 W, and arm ergometer at 10–20 W) and rest has been investigated. The total body fat (27.5 ± 7.2%), body mass index (24.4 ± 2.7 kg·m−2), arm surface area (589 ± 90 cm2), and arm volume (1300 ± 300 mL) were considered as covariates. Subjects wore a liquid perfused sleeve over the upper arm (left) with the water inlet temperature of 24.0 ± 0.3 °C and the heat extraction was calculated using the water flow rate and temperature differences. Heat extraction from the upper arm showed no significant differences among the three exercises. During cycling, there was a negative relationship between heat extraction and total body fat (r = − 0.527, P < 0.05). Heat extraction was more related to the arm volume (P < 0.05) than the surface area of the upper arm, which was significant only for the male group in the cycling mode. For the female group, heat extraction was related to upper arm temperature in the cycling and arm exercise modes (for both exercises P < 0.05). These results can be applied to improve liquid cooling garments for astronauts, considering their body morphology and sex.
An extremely rare case of thymic squamous cell carcinoma complicated with B3 thymoma and myasthenia gravis: a case report
Authors: Atari Maiko , Kawai Hideki , Tokairin Takuo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Thymomas complicated with myasthenia gravis are conventionally treated during thoracic surgery. Particularly, invasive thymomas are resected alongside the surrounding organs. Here, we present a case where surgical and perioperative management was performed under the presumption of thymoma with myasthenia gravis. However, definitive pathology revealed the co-occurrence of B3 thymoma and thymic squamous cell carcinoma. This case highlights the unique presentation and exceptional rarity of thymomas that are complicated by myasthenia gravis and thymic carcinoma.

Case presentation
A 65-year-old female presented with eyelid ptosis at our hospital. Following a comprehensive examination, the patient was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Her computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an anterior mediastinal tumor suggestive of a thymoma, prompting a referral to the Department of Thoracic Surgery. Moreover, preoperative assessment could not definitively exclude pericardial invasion. She subsequently underwent an extended thymectomy via a longitudinal sternal incision. The tumor exhibited partial invasion of the pericardium, necessitating resection and reconstruction. Definitive pathological examination confirmed the co-occurrence of B3 thymoma and thymic squamous cell carcinoma. Positive lymph node metastasis classified the patient as stage IVa according to the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors, 8th Edition, and she was started on adjuvant radiotherapy postoperatively. Currently, the patient remains under observation, with follow-up CT scans showing no signs of recurrence.

Conclusions
This report describes an extremely rare case of thymoma complicated with myasthenia gravis and thymic squamous cell carcinoma.
A case of isolated malrotation without midgut volvulus diagnosed prenatally and treated by laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Endo Kosuke , Fukuzawa Hiroaki , Mizoue Yumi , Higashio Atsushi , Sonoda Mari , Iwade Tamaki , Sato Masahito 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Malrotation is a congenital condition that predisposes individuals to midgut volvulus, which can result in significant bowel resection. While most cases of malrotation are diagnosed by the age of 1 year, typically presenting with symptoms related to volvulus or bowel obstruction, some cases remain asymptomatic. In children with visceral malposition, gastroschisis, omphalocele, or diaphragmatic hernia, malrotation may be suspected before symptoms manifest. However, isolated malrotation without midgut volvulus diagnosed prenatally is rare. We herein present a case of isolated malrotation without midgut volvulus that was prenatally diagnosed and successfully treated with laparoscopic surgery.

Case presentation
A 30-year-old woman (gravida 3, para 1) underwent routine obstetric ultrasound, which revealed increased blood flow in the lower uterine segment and abnormal placental attachment. To rule out placenta percreta, magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 34 weeks of gestation. Incidentally, abnormal fetal intestinal arrangement was noted, with the colon localized in the left hemi-abdomen and the small intestine distributed in the right hemi-abdomen, raising suspicion of malrotation. Postnatal contrast studies confirmed the diagnosis of malrotation without midgut volvulus. Given the risk of midgut volvulus, a laparoscopic Ladd’s procedure was performed on day 6 of life. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was still symptom-free 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusions
This case illustrates that malrotation can be prenatally diagnosed using fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Considering the risk of midgut volvulus, prophylactic Ladd’s procedure should be performed in neonatal period. In cases where malrotation is not complicated by midgut volvulus, a laparoscopic Ladd procedure can be safely performed in neonates.