bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the microbiome of healthy and diseased peri‐implant sites using Illumina sequencing
Authors: Sanz‐Martin Ignacio , Doolittle‐Hall Janet , Teles Ricardo P. , Patel Michele , Belibasakis Georgios N. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ronald E. , Teles Flavia R. F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo compare the microbiome of healthy (H) and diseased (P) peri‐implant sites and determine the core peri‐implant microbiome.Materials and MethodsSubmucosal biofilms from 32 H and 35 P sites were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing (MiSeq, Illumina), QIIME and HOMINGS. Differences between groups were determined using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), t tests and Wilcoxon rank sum test and FDR‐adjusted. The peri‐implant core microbiome was determined.ResultsPCoA showed partitioning between H and P at all taxonomic levels. Bacteroidetes, Spirochetes and Synergistetes were higher in P, while Actinobacteria prevailed in H (p < .05). Porphyromonas and Treponema were more abundant in P while Rothia and Neisseria were higher in H (p < .05). The core peri‐implant microbiome contained Fusobacterium, Parvimonas and Campylobacter sp. T. denticola, and P. gingivalis levels were higher in P, as well as F. alocis, F. fastidiosum and T. maltophilum (p < .05).ConclusionThe peri‐implantitis microbiome is commensal‐depleted and pathogen‐enriched, harbouring traditional and new pathogens. The core peri‐implant microbiome harbours taxa from genera often associated with periodontal inflammation.
“Being a Therapist Doesn't Exclude You From Real Life”: Family Therapists’ Beliefs and Barriers to Political Action
Authors: Jordan Lorien S. , Seponski Desiree M. 
Published: August 2017

A crucial and overlooked facet of social justice in family therapy is political and policy advocacy. Family therapists have unique insight into how social policies and political discourse shapes clients’ lives and the life of our profession. Such knowledge can inform policymakers and political debate, yet few family therapists are trained to engage in political action. In this randomized, national survey of licensed family therapists’ (N = 174), we explore beliefs about and barriers to engagement in political and policy processes. The findings suggest that there are significant barriers and uncertainties surrounding family therapists’ engagement, including time, feelings of efficacy, and interest. Given these barriers we discuss practical suggestions for clinicians and family therapy training programs.
Textural pattern classification for oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: RAHMAN T.Y. , MAHANTA L.B. , CHAKRABORTY C. , DAS A.K. , SARMA J.D. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryDespite being an area of cancer with highest worldwide incidence, oral cancer yet remains to be widely researched. Studies on computer‐aided analysis of pathological slides of oral cancer contribute a lot to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Some researches in this direction have been carried out on oral submucous fibrosis. In this work an approach for analysing abnormality based on textural features present in squamous cell carcinoma histological slides have been considered. Histogram and grey‐level co‐occurrence matrix approaches for extraction of textural features from biopsy images with normal and malignant cells are used here. Further, we have used linear support vector machine classifier for automated diagnosis of the oral cancer, which gives 100% accuracy.
Teen Dating Violence Victimization Among High School Students: A Multilevel Analysis of School‐Level Risk Factors
Authors: Parker Elizabeth M. , Johnson Sarah Lindstrom , Debnam Katrina J. , Milam Adam J. , Bradshaw Catherine P. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMuch etiologic research has focused on individual‐level risk factors for teen dating violence (TDV); therefore, less is known about school‐level and neighborhood‐level risk factors. We examined the association between alcohol outlet density around high schools and TDV victimization and the association between markers of physical disorder around schools and TDV victimization among adolescents.METHODSData come from high school students participating in the Maryland Safe and Supportive Schools Initiative. Alcohol outlet density was calculated using walking distance buffers around schools. An observational tool was used to assess indicators of physical disorder on school property (eg, alcohol and drug paraphernalia). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to identify student‐ and school‐level predictors associated with TDV victimization.RESULTSOverall, 11% of students reported experiencing physical TDV and 11% reported experiencing psychological TDV over the past year. Recent alcohol use was a risk factor for TDV victimization for both sexes, whereas feeling safe at school was protective against TDV victimization for both sexes. Greater alcohol outlet density was associated with decreased TDV victimization for males, however, it was nonsignificant for females. Physical disorder around schools was not associated with TDV victimization for either sex.CONCLUSIONAlthough the school‐level predictors were not associated with TDV victimization, alcohol use and perceptions of safety at school were significantly associated with TDV victimization. Prevention efforts to address alcohol use may affect TDV victimization.
School‐Based Outcomes Among Youth With Incarcerated Parents: Differences by School Setting
Authors: Shlafer Rebecca J. , Reedy Tyler , Davis Laurel 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDParental incarceration impacts millions of children in the United States and has important consequences for youths' adjustment and school‐based outcomes.METHODSUsing data from a survey of youth behavior in one large Midwestern state, we examined the effect of both present and past parental incarceration on school‐based outcomes, across 3 school settings (public schools, alternative learning centers, and juvenile correctional facilities).RESULTSParental incarceration was significantly associated with students' poor school‐based outcomes; however, these effects varied markedly by school setting. Among youth in public schools, parental incarceration was consistently associated with poor school outcomes. There were mixed effects among youth in alternative learning centers and no significant effects among youth in juvenile correctional facilities.CONCLUSIONSThe study adds to a body of literature demonstrating the negative effects of parental incarceration on youth's school‐based outcomes for youth in public schools; however, findings were mixed for youth in alternative learning centers and juvenile correctional facilities. Implications for future research and school practitioners are discussed.
Concussion Knowledge and Reporting Behavior Differences Between High School Athletes at Urban and Suburban High Schools
Authors: Wallace Jessica , Covassin Tracey , Nogle Sally , Gould Daniel , Kovan Jeffrey 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe determined differences in knowledge of concussion and reporting behaviors of high school athletes attending urban and suburban high schools, and whether a relationship exists between underreporting and access to an athletic trainer in urban schools.METHODSHigh school athletes (N = 715) from 14 high schools completed a validated knowledge of concussion survey consisting of 83 questions. The independent variable was school type (urban/suburban). We examined the proportion of athletes who correctly identified signs and symptoms of concussion, knowledge of concussion and reasons why high school athletes would not disclose a potential concussive injury across school classification. Data were analyzed using descriptive, non‐parametric, and inferential statistics.RESULTSAthletes attending urban schools have less concussion knowledge than athletes attending suburban schools (p < .01). Athletes attending urban schools without an athletic trainer have less knowledge than urban athletes at schools with an athletic trainer (p < .01) There was no significant relationship between reporting percentage and school type (p = .73); however, significant relationships exist between AT access at urban schools and 10 reasons for not reporting.CONCLUSIONConcussion education efforts cannot be homogeneous in all communities. Education interventions must reflect the needs of each community.
Environmental protection without loss of international competitiveness
Authors: Lahiri Sajal , Symeonidis George 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe develop a two‐country Cournot oligopoly model with product differentiation across countries and production‐generated pollution. The abatement of pollution by the firms in response to emission taxes is endogenous, and the number of firms can be fixed or there may be free entry and exit of firms in both countries. We propose particular unilateral and multilateral piecemeal policy reforms of emission taxes and production subsidies such that domestic industries will not suffer any loss of international competitiveness (defined in terms of either market share or profits), emission levels will be lower, and welfare could be higher in both countries.
College Students With ADHD and LD: Effects of Support Services on Academic Performance
Authors: DuPaul George J. , Dahlstrom‐Hakki Ibrahim , Gormley Matthew J. , Fu Qiong , Pinho Trevor D. , Banerjee Manju 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTwo relatively common disabilities reported by college students are attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities (LD). Many questions remain regarding how best to support these students and whether services such as advising, coaching, and tutoring lead to significant academic gains. The current study examined the effect of support services on the GPA of students with LD and/or ADHD at a campus that specifically serves this population by tracking students’ support service usage and GPAs over a 5‐year period. Results indicate that although most students who choose to receive coaching support experience academic gains, it is students with ADHD who obtain the greatest gains in GPA as a result of this support. Additionally, although tutoring can be of benefit to all students, significant GPA gains were obtained only for students with an LD diagnosis. Thus, there is a need to provide targeted supports aimed at addressing students’ specific areas of challenge.
Perceptual Consciousness as a Mental Activity
Authors: Schellenberg Susanna 
Published: August 2017

AbstractI argue that perceptual consciousness is constituted by a mental activity. The mental activity in question is the activity of employing perceptual capacities, such as discriminatory, selective capacities. This is a radical view, but I hope to make it plausible. In arguing for this mental activist view, I reject orthodox views on which perceptual consciousness is analyzed in terms of (sensory awareness relations to) peculiar entities, such as, phenomenal properties, external mind‐independent properties, propositions, sense‐data, qualia, or intentional objects.
Optimal cut‐off score of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for major depressive episode during pregnancy in Japan
Authors: Usuda Kentaro , Nishi Daisuke , Okazaki Emi , Makino Miyuki , Sano Yo 
Published: August 2017

AimDepression during pregnancy adversely affects both mother and child. As antenatal depression is a predictor of postnatal depression, early detection might prevent postnatal depression. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is frequently used during the perinatal period, but the cut‐off score during pregnancy has not been verified for the Japanese population. We aimed to clarify the optimal EPDS cut‐off score in mid‐pregnancy in Japan.MethodsWe recruited pregnant women aged 20 years or older at 12–24 gestational weeks and those who scored ≥9 on the EPDS were invited to participate in this study. In parallel with the EPDS, the Japanese version of the Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview was administered to determine diagnosis of major depressive episode. We then calculated the receiver–operator curve, sensitivity and specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the EPDS.ResultsAll 210 participants were in the second trimester except for one (12 gestational weeks). Twenty participants were diagnosed with major depressive episode. With a cut‐off score set at 13 points, the area under the curve was 0.956; sensitivity and specificity were 90.0% and 92.1% [Correction added on 10 November 2017, after first online publication: The percentage for specificity has been corrected from 79.0% to 92.1%.], respectively; and positive and negative predictive values were 54.5% and 98.9%, respectively.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to clarify the optimal EPDS cut‐off score in the second trimester for Japan. This finding will be helpful for appropriate screening for antenatal depression in Japan.
The skin microbiome and immune system: Potential target for chemoprevention?
Authors: Sherwani Mohammad Asif , Tufail Saba , Muzaffar Anum Fatima , Yusuf Nabiha 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThere has been increasing interest in understanding the role of the human microbiome in skin diseases. Microbiome studies are being utilized in skin cancer research in numerous ways. Commensal bacteria are being studied as a potential tool to judge the biggest environmental risk of skin cancer, ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Owing to the recognized link of skin microbes in the process of inflammation, there have been theories linking commensal bacteria to skin cancer. Viral metagenomics has also provided insight into virus linked forms of skin cancers. Speculations can be drawn for skin microbiome that in a manner similar to gut microbiome, they can be involved in chemoprevention of skin cancer. Nonetheless, there are definitely huge gaps in our knowledge of the relationship of microbiome and skin cancers, especially in relation to chemoprevention. The utilization of microbiome in skin cancer research seems to be a promising field and may help yield novel skin cancer prevention and treatment options. This review focuses on recent utilization of the microbiome in skin cancer research, and it explores the potential of utilizing the microbiome in prevention, earlier diagnosis, and treatment of skin cancers.
Sunscreen creams containing naringenin nanoparticles: Formulation development and in vitro and in vivo evaluations
Authors: Joshi Haritima , Hegde Aswathi R. , Shetty Pallavi K. , Gollavilli Hemanth , Managuli Renuka S. , Kalthur Guruprasad , Mutalik Srinivas 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe aim of this study was to develop sunscreen creams containing polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) of naringenin for photoprotective and antioxidant effects.MethodsPolymeric NPs of naringenin were prepared and optimized. The NPs were incorporated into sunscreen creams and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo skin retention.ResultsThe optimized naringenin NPs showed a size of 131.2 nm, zeta potential −25.4 mV, and entrapment efficiency 32.45%. The absence of drug‐excipient interaction was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. X‐Ray diffraction analysis demonstrated the amorphization of naringenin in nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy showed the sphericity of the NPs with the size of <200 nm. Cytotoxicity assessment in HaCaT cells indicated non‐toxic nature of naringenin NPs. In vitro skin permeation studies demonstrated that higher amount of naringenin permeated at the end of 12 hours (Q12 hours = 184.03 ± 3.37 μg/cm2) and deposited in the skin (10.38 ± 0.48 μg/cm2) from NPs as compared to plain naringenin. Sunscreen creams (SC1‐SC5) containing plain naringenin or NPs with/without nano‐zinc oxide and nano‐titanium dioxide were prepared and evaluated. Optimized cream (SC5) containing naringenin NPs showed highest SPF value and enhanced skin retention of naringenin in comparison with NPs in suspension form and other cream formulations.ConclusionOptimized nanoparticulate sunscreen cream exhibited highest skin retention and negligible skin permeation of naringenin besides showing excellent SPF value.
Protective molecular mechanisms of resveratrol in UVR‐induced Skin carcinogenesis
Authors: Aziz Saba W. , Aziz Moammir H. 
Published: August 2017

SummarySkin cancer is a major health problem worldwide. It is the most common cancer in the United States and poses a significant healthcare burden. Excessive UVR exposure is the most common cause of skin cancer. Despite various precautionary measures to avoid direct UVR exposure, the incidence of skin cancer and mortality related to it remains high. Furthermore, the current treatment options are expensive and have side effects including toxicity to normal cells. Thus, a safe and effective approach is needed to prevent and treat skin cancer. Chemopreventive strategy using naturally occurring compounds, such as resveratrol, is a promising approach to reduce the incidence of UVR‐induced skin cancer and delay its progression. This review highlights the current body of evidence related to chemopreventive role of resveratrol and its molecular mechanisms in UVR‐induced skin carcinogenesis.
Making Development Work for All
Authors: Khan Sabith 
Published: August 2017

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Approaches to orthodoxy and heresy in the study of early Christianity
Authors: Jorgensen David W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFrom the second to the twentieth centuries, the reigning historiographic model of Christian history understood orthodoxy as early, pure, and true, and heresy as late, deviant, and false. Ever since Walter Bauer'sOrthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianityoverturned the traditional model by arguing that in some geographic locations, heresy preceded orthodoxy, scholars of early Christianity have struggled to describe the phenomena of orthodoxy and heresy. The most popular set of approaches, informed by discourse theory, imagines orthodoxy and heresy as historically contingent notions that first arise in second‐century Christian circles, where they were used to negotiate and articulate self‐identity vis‐à‐vis notions of both Judaism and paganism. Other approaches include the use of “proto‐orthodox” terminology as a signifier for the doctrinal party platform that was eventually victorious; attempts to detect social or popular movements beneath heresiological reports; and the outright attempt to repudiate the Bauer thesis.
The Politics of (Fractured) Solidarity: A Cross‐National Analysis of the Class Bases of the Welfare State
Authors: Deeming Christopher 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article considers the politics of social solidarity from a cross‐national perspective. In the analysis, we rely on four waves of international social survey data for our sample of Western nations, representative of different welfare state traditions. The time span is a 20‐year period and the total country‐wave sample comprises over 40,000 records. While there is popular support for governmental actions to protect citizens in old‐age and sickness, views about the social rights of unemployed citizens are shifting. High‐profile activating labour‐market reforms are reapportioning the burden of risk in society. With the rise of right‐wing populism in Europe and the USA, this article examines how interests change as citizens lose their stake in the means of security – revealing an ever more fragile and fractured social solidarity.
Why and how are we living longer?
Authors: Kirkwood Thomas B. L. 
Published: August 2017

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
The reasons for the continuing increase in human life expectancy are examined in the light of progress in understanding the physiological basis of ageing. Prospects for further extending the health span – the period free of age‐related disability and disease – are critically assessed.

What advances does it highlight?
No active programming directly causes ageing, which instead results as a side effect of how evolution optimises the physiological allocation of resources between growth, reproduction and maintenance. Under pressure of natural selection, there was insufficient priority in maintaining the body well enough that it could endure without progressive accumulation of multiple kinds of molecular and cellular damage.

Understanding human ageing is a major challenge for the physiological sciences. It is made all the more urgent by the survival of inreasing numbers of people to advanced old age and by a shift in the underlying causes of the continuing increase in life expectancy. The previous increase was caused almost entirely by the prevention of deaths in the early and middle years of life; a process that has seen such success that in developed countries there remains little scope for significant further increase from this cause. The more recent increase is driven by something new. We are reaching old age in generally better health, and it is the death rates at advanced ages that are now falling fast. At the same time, biology has established that there is almost certainly no fixed programme for ageing, which is caused instead by the lifelong accumulation of damage. It is becoming evident that the ageing process is much more malleable than we used to think. We need urgently to establish the factors that govern this malleability and to identify the interactions between, on the one hand, intrinsic biological processes that drive the many chronic diseases and disabilities for which age is by far the largest risk factor and, on the other hand, the social and lifestyle factors that influence our individual trajectories of health in old age. Ageing is no longer as mysterious and intractable a process as used to be thought, offering new opportunities for contributions from other branches of the physiological sciences.