bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory observations of fault transmissibility alteration in carbonate rock during direct shearing
Authors: Giwelli A. , Delle Piane C. , Esteban L. , Clennell M. B. , Dautriat J. , Raimon J. , Kager S. , Kiewiet L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present the results of hydromechanical changes across and along the evolving rupture surface of carbonate rocks during direct shear experiments. Direct shear experiments were performed on a laminated travertine of continental, microbial origin with calcite content of 99 wt%, chosen as a lithological analogue for Aptian presalt oil reservoir rocks found in South Atlantic presalt basins. Medical X‐ray CT images show that the porosity (~9–13%) is mainly composed of subplanar pores and vugs. Permeability is high along the laminations (~50–200 mD), controlled by interconnected pores and fractures, and extremely low across the laminations (≪1 mD). Six intact samples of travertine were sheared across the bedding direction to short displacement (20 mm), and a further three samples were sheared to a much longer displacement (120 mm). A constant effective vertical stresses of either 35, 40 or 45 MPa was applied throughout the tests. Fluid flow response across and along the fault zone was monitored continuously during both shear deformation (dynamic transmissibility) and hold periods (static transmissibility), while keeping a constant pore pressure throughout the measurement. While the samples show some microstructural variability, the set of samples sheared to 20‐mm displacement followed the same early kinematics and show very similar mechanical response to that seen in the same period of the samples where shear was continued on to 120‐mm displacement. After 20‐mm displacement, the microstructures are dominated by fractures in a zone 10–20 mm wide resembling a typical fault damage zone, with only thin and patchy development of gouge on the principal displacement plane. In all of the samples sheared to a high displacement of 120 mm, a continuous layer of gouge (6.2–13 mm thick) was formed, defining a distinct core of the shear zone. The dynamic transmissibility across the fault decreases progressively in all the sheared samples regardless of the applied effective stress. In general, the volume decreases as well, though at a tapering rate, throughout shear. A small vertical dilation occurred near the peak strength for travertine sheared under 35 MPa vertical stress, but this was not accompanied by an increase in transmissibility. From the results, we conclude that once the gouge material is developed in the core of the fault zone, the dynamic transmissibility across the fault is permanently decreased.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on endothelial dysfunction in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Karakas Yusuf , Sahin Garip , Urfali Furkan Ertürk , Bal Cengiz , Degirmenci Nevbahar Akcar , Sirmagul Basar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) commonly experience 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25‐OH‐D3) deficiency, and these patients have a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) due to endothelial dysfunction (ED). The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of 25‐OH‐D3 deficiency and its supplementation on ED in patients with CKD. Methods: Twenty‐nine uremic patients on dialysis and 20 healthy controls were evaluated for ED by high‐resolution Doppler ultrasonography of the brachial artery. In addition, 25‐OH‐D3‐deficient patients (25‐OH‐D3 < 30 nmol/L) with CKD and healthy controls were evaluated for ED before and after 8 weeks of oral vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 50,000 units) treatment. All subjects were evaluated for percent flow‐mediated dilatation (%FMD), percent endothelium‐independent nitroglycerin‐induced vasodilatation (%NID), and bilateral carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT). Findings: Patients on dialysis had lower %FMD and %NID 6.11 [2.27–12.74] and 10.96 [5.43–16.4], respectively, than controls 15.84 [8.19–22.49] and 21.74 [12.49–29.4], respectively (P < 0.05). Patients on dialysis had higher left and right CIMT (0.79 ± 0.15 and 0.78 ± 0.14, respectively) than controls (0.60 ± 0.09 and 0.59 ± 0.09, respectively; P < 0.05). In 25‐OH‐D3‐deficient patients with CKD, after vitamin D treatment, %FMD was significantly increased in dialysis patients (10.25 [7.8–12.8]) compared to before supplementation (5.4 [2.77–6.15]; P < 0.001). Discussion: These results indicated that dialysis patients had significantly lower blood 25‐OH‐D3 levels and higher CIMT than healthy subjects. In addition, vitamin D supplementation improved ED and increased %FMD in dialysis patients. Our findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation in dialysis patients might prevent CVD.
Two micrometer fluorescence emission and energy transfer in Yb3+/Ho3+ co‐doped lead silicate glass
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Tang Guowu , Chen Xiaodong , Sun Min , Qian Qi , Chen Dongdan , Yang Zhongmin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEnhanced 2.0 μm and visible up‐conversion emissions from Ho3+ via Yb3+ sensitization in lead silicate glasses have been obtained under the excitation of 980‐nm laser diode. The possible energy transfer mechanism has been analyzed based on the photoemission spectroscopy and lifetime measurement. The lifetime of Ho3+: 5I7 laser upper level has also been measured. Based on the absorption spectra, Judd–Ofelt parameters, spontaneous emission probability, the absorption, emission cross sections, and gain coefficients have been calculated and analyzed. The results indicate that the Yb3+/Ho3+ co‐doped lead silicate glass has potential application in mid‐infrared wavelengths.
Graphical Tools for Detecting Departures from Linear Mixed Model Assumptions and Some Remedial Measures
Authors: Singer Julio M. , Rocha Francisco M.M. , Nobre Juvêncio S. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWe review some results on the analysis of longitudinal data or, more generally, of repeated measures via linear mixed models starting with some exploratory statistical tools that may be employed to specify a tentative model. We follow with a summary of inferential procedures under a Gaussian set‐up and then discuss different diagnostic methods focusing on residual analysis but also addressing global and local influence. Based on the interpretation of diagnostic plots related to three types of residuals (marginal, conditional and predicted random effects) as well as on other tools, we proceed to identify remedial measures for possible violations of the proposed model assumptions, ranging from fine‐tuning of the model to the use of elliptically symmetric or skew‐elliptical linear mixed models as well as of robust estimation methods. We specify many results available in the literature in a unified notation and highlight those with greater practical appeal. In each case, we discuss the availability of model diagnostics as well as of software and give general guidelines for model selection. We conclude with analyses of three practical examples and suggest further directions for research.
Impact of fitting dominance and additive effects on accuracy of genomic prediction of breeding values in layers
Authors: Heidaritabar M. , Wolc A. , Arango J. , Zeng J. , Settar P. , Fulton J.E. , O'Sullivan N.P. , Bastiaansen J.W.M. , Fernando R.L. , Garrick D.J. , Dekkers J.C.M. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryMost genomic prediction studies fit only additive effects in models to estimate genomic breeding values (GEBV). However, if dominance genetic effects are an important source of variation for complex traits, accounting for them may improve the accuracy of GEBV. We investigated the effect of fitting dominance and additive effects on the accuracy of GEBV for eight egg production and quality traits in a purebred line of brown layers using pedigree or genomic information (42K single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel). Phenotypes were corrected for the effect of hatch date. Additive and dominance genetic variances were estimated using genomic‐based [genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP)‐REML and BayesC] and pedigree‐based (PBLUP‐REML) methods. Breeding values were predicted using a model that included both additive and dominance effects and a model that included only additive effects. The reference population consisted of approximately 1800 animals hatched between 2004 and 2009, while approximately 300 young animals hatched in 2010 were used for validation. Accuracy of prediction was computed as the correlation between phenotypes and estimated breeding values of the validation animals divided by the square root of the estimate of heritability in the whole population. The proportion of dominance variance to total phenotypic variance ranged from 0.03 to 0.22 with PBLUP‐REML across traits, from 0 to 0.03 with GBLUP‐REML and from 0.01 to 0.05 with BayesC. Accuracies of GEBV ranged from 0.28 to 0.60 across traits. Inclusion of dominance effects did not improve the accuracy of GEBV, and differences in their accuracies between genomic‐based methods were small (0.01–0.05), with GBLUP‐REML yielding higher prediction accuracies than BayesC for egg production, egg colour and yolk weight, while BayesC yielded higher accuracies than GBLUP‐REML for the other traits. In conclusion, fitting dominance effects did not impact accuracy of genomic prediction of breeding values in this population.
Which Budgetary Union for the E(M)U?
Authors: da Costa Cabral Nazaré 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article considers whether the creation of a budgetary union in the European EMU (economic and monetary union) is a feasible and suitable way to resolve the current impasse created by the euro crisis. The article begins by identifying the major drawbacks concerning the transposition of prescriptions regarding fiscal federalism to the current E(M)U scenario, with the outlook that this appears to be an extemporaneous solution. It then indicates the alternative conception of an incomplete budgetary union, which is mostly characterized by the setting up of specific insurance mechanisms. These alternative measures are shown to be more realistic and feasible, since they combine path dependency with an innovative appropriation of specific features of the classic federalism model, modifying them to an E(M)U scenario in a heterodox way.
Treatment of eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells syndrome) – a systematic review
Authors: Räßler F. , Lukács J. , Elsner P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEosinophilic cellulitis (Wells syndrome) is a rare inflammatory skin disease defined by erythematous, tender, sometimes urticarial plaques, possibly with vesicles and bullae, and granulomatous eosinophilic infiltrates in the dermis. Usually the disease has a benign course with spontaneous remission within a few weeks. Nevertheless, recurrences are quite frequent and may occur for several years. The objective of this study was to review the so far reported treatment options for Wells syndrome in a systematic manner. This systematic review is based on a search on Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register for English and German articles from 1970 to 2015. Advices on the treatment of Wells syndrome are limited predominately to case reports or to small case series. There are no randomized controlled trials, and control groups are missing. A variety of treatment options for Wells syndrome were reported including topical and systemic corticosteroids, antihistamines, cyclosporine, dapsone, azathioprine, griseofulvin, doxycycline, minocycline, antimalarial medications, oral tacrolimus/topical tacrolimus, sulfasalazine, interferon alpha and gamma, TNF alpha inhibitors, colchicine and PUVA therapy. As well‐designed, randomized controlled trials are missing, no guidelines for the treatment of this disease can be given. Due to the small number of patients and the frequent misdiagnosis of this clinical entity, the aim of this systematic overview is to call attention to this rare condition and to help clinicians to diagnose and treat Wells syndrome effectively. Due to the good prognosis and tendency to resolve, systemic treatment should be limited to cases resistant to local therapy or with widespread lesions.
Laser and light therapy for facial warts: a systematic review
Authors: Maranda E.L. , Lim V.M. , Nguyen A.H. , Nouri K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFacial verruca plana, or flat warts, are benign skin papillomas caused by human papillomavirus infections. A large portion of cases are refractory to treatment and can cause psychosocial distress in patients. Laser and light modalities offer an alternative therapeutic approach that has not been extensively explored. We systematically reviewed PubMed for studies describing treatment of facial verruca plana using lasers, photodynamic therapy and infrared coagulation. Final inclusion and review of eighteen studies suggests laser and light therapies to have considerable potential in the treatment of this recalcitrant condition. In particular, yttrium aluminium garnet lasers, infrared coagulation and photodynamic therapies have been reported to demonstrate efficacy. Further studies with larger power are required to determine which method should be established as the alternative treatment of choice for recalcitrant facial verrucae.
Long‐term safety of replication‐defective smallpox vaccine (MVA‐BN) in atopic eczema and allergic rhinitis
Authors: Darsow U. , Sbornik M. , Rombold S. , Katzer K. , von Sonnenburg F. , Behrendt H. , Ring J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundAvailability of a safe smallpox vaccine may be necessary under certain circumstances. Use of the old life virus vaccine was associated with serious adverse events, particularly in the setting of atopic eczema (AE) and immunodeficiency. Modified virus Ankara (MVA)‐BN, a highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus, was developed for vaccination with improved safety profile.MethodsA phase 1 study was conducted in 60 subjects without history of smallpox vaccination to gain experience with smallpox vaccination using this strain in healthy and atopic subjects. Healthy subjects, subjects with a history of AE, subjects with mild active AE and subjects with mild allergic rhinitis without AE were equally allocated into four groups. MVA‐BN was injected s.c. in a dose of 108 TCID50 twice in a 4‐week interval.ResultsNo serious or unexpected adverse reactions were reported. All subjects experienced mild to moderate pain and redness at the injection site. Dermatologic examinations did not reveal any unfavourable reactions to the study medication, particularly no sign or exacerbation of eczema for as long as 196 days. All subjects seroconverted after two vaccinations and no significant difference in antibody titres between the four different groups was observed.ConclusionsA good safety profile of the MVA‐BN vaccine was shown. The absence of adverse events in subjects with atopic disorders appears promising for the development of a safe smallpox vaccine for patients with AE or other atopic diseases.
Phage‐Based Biosensor and Optimization of Surface Blocking Agents to Detect Salmonella Typhimurium on Romaine Lettuce
Authors: Mack Jacqueline D. , Yehualaeshet Teshome , Park Mi‐Kyung , Tameru Berhanu , Samuel Temesgen , Chin Bryan A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe development of rapid detection technologies in parallel with understanding production practices will markedly improve the microbiological safety of leafy vegetables. The objective of this study was on the application of phage‐based magnetoelastic (ME) biosensors and optimization of selected surface blocking agents for a rapid detection for Salmonella Typhimurium on Romaine lettuce. Initially, Romaine lettuce hearts surface was examined for structural differences followed by attachment and distribution of S. Typhimurium using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, selected surface blocking agents were compared and optimized for the application of phage‐based ME biosensors surface. A total of 156 observations, ranging from 1 to 8 logs CFU/ml, and 18 frequency measurements were recorded and analyzed. Both measurement (with E2 phage) and control (without E2 phage) sensors were blocked with selected blocking agents to prevent nonspecific binding. Statistical analysis using ANOVA revealed that there was a significant difference between controls and measurements (P < 0.001). The comparison showed that 5 × 102 CFU/mL and higher concentrations of S. Typhimurium were detected on Romaine lettuce surface, and PEG performed better as a blocking agent of choice. Understanding the complexity of the bacteria‐plant surface interaction and improved detection protocol will provide a solid foundation to design feasible control strategies.Practical ApplicationsSalmonella species are generally associated with food products of animal origin and recently leafy green vegetables have been considered as a major public health concern and source of the bacteria. There is still a need to explore swift and reliable detection protocol, which could be easily applied to leafy vegetables from the farm to consumer. In this study, we have demonstrated the rapid detection for Salmonella Typhimurium on Romaine lettuce using phage‐based protocol. Furthermore, better surface blocking agent was optimized for the protocol. Further optimization of phage‐based detection approach could be instrumental to develop better Salmonella detection approach that can be adopted and used from farms to the consumer level.
Self‐Reported Napping Behavior Change After Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment in Older Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Hsieh Cheng‐Fang , Riha Renata L. , Morrison Ian , Hsu Chung‐Yao 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on napping behavior in adults aged 60 and older with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).DesignRetrospective cohort study using questionnaires.SettingSleep center.ParticipantsIndividuals starting CPAP treatment between April 2010 and March 2012 (mean age 65.2 ± 4.7; M:F = 3.9:1; N = 107).MeasurementsAll subjects underwent sleep studies, clinical reviews, and CPAP adherence checks and completed a questionnaire regarding CPAP adherence, current employment status, sleep patterns before and after CPAP, and factors affecting their current sleep patterns.ResultsCPAP treatment duration was 82.7 ± 30.0 weeks, and objective adherence was 5.4 ± 2.0 hours per night overall. Daytime nap frequency before CPAP treatment was higher in those with a history of stroke or cardiovascular disease. Both sexes had a significant reduction in daytime napping (men, P < .001; women, P = .008), evening napping (men, P < .001; women, P = .02), and daily nap duration (men, P < .001; women, P = .02). Logistic regression analysis showed that the reduction in self‐reported daily nap duration was associated with younger age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.86, P = .04), a decrease in ESS score (OR = 1.20, P = .03), and longer self‐reported daily nap duration at baseline (OR = 31.52, P < .001).ConclusionLong‐term CPAP treatment in older adults with OSAHS can play a significant role in reducing nap frequency and daily nap duration. Aging or shorter baseline daily nap duration may attenuate this effect.
Microdermabrasion: a clinical, histometric, and histopathologic study
Authors: El‐Domyati Moetaz , Hosam Wael , Abdel‐Azim Eman , Abdel‐Wahab Hossam , Mohamed Elshaymaa 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundMicrodermabrasion is a nonchemical superficial resurfacing procedure that removes the stratum corneum. Because it is a somewhat subtle procedure, it may be difficult to demonstrate its cosmetic benefit.ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of microdermabrasion in treatment of melasma, postacne scarring, striae distensae, and photoaging by a series of microdermabrasion sittings through clinical, histometric, and histopathologic analysis.Patients and MethodsThe study was conducted on 38 patients constituting four groups (melasma, acne scars, striae destinsae, and photoaging), each patient was subjected to a series of 8 microdermabrasion treatments performed at 1‐week interval. Punch biopsies, at base line, 1 week after the 4th and the 8th session, were obtained from each subject for histometric and histopathologic analysis.ResultsClinically, the improvement in melasma, acne scars, and striae distensae groups was mainly mild to moderate, while in photoaging group was mainly mild. Histometric analysis of epidermal thickness showed insignificant changes in all groups. Histopathologically, decreased melanization and regular distribution of melanosomes in the epidermis were noted in melasma group while increased density of collagen fibers with more regular arrangement in collagen bundles was detected in all candidates of acne scars, striae distensae, and photoaging groups. Meanwhile, Orcein stain did not show any significant changes in elastic fibers.ConclusionsMicrodermabrasion is an easy and safe technique. In this study, most cases showed mild to moderate improvement. Decreased melanization with regular distribution of melanosomes and increased collagen density with regular arrangement of collagen bundles were the most common observed histologic changes.
Which coping strategies can predict beneficial feelings associated with prostate cancer?
Authors: Pascoe Elizabeth C , Edvardsson David 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study aimed to identify the extent to which different coping strategies can predict benefit finding in prostate cancer experiences.BackgroundAlthough beginning evidence suggests that the capacity to find positives in adversity and find some benefit from cancer‐associated experiences may be influenced by coping, little is known about which coping strategies can predict benefit finding in prostate cancer.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodData from men (n = 209) diagnosed with prostate cancer receiving hormone suppression therapy were analysed using descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations and backward stepwise multiple linear regression. Sociodemographic and clinical data, and self‐report scales (17‐item Benefit Finding Scale and Brief COPE) were used.ResultsBivariate analyses showed significant correlations between 14 coping strategies and benefit finding in prostate cancer. Multiple linear regression modelling showed that the predictor variables ‘acceptance’, ‘positive reframing’ and ‘turning to religion’ explained 35% of the variance in dependant variable benefit finding when the other variables were controlled for. Of the three predictor variables, acceptance and positive reinterpretation were most strongly related to benefit finding.ConclusionThe self‐reported coping strategies ‘acceptance’ and ‘positive reframing’ emerged as being most significantly predictive of benefit finding in this sample. ‘Turning to religion’ was also significant, but to a somewhat lesser extent in predicting benefit finding in the disruptive experience of prostate cancer.Relevance to clinical practiceThe use of positively oriented emotional coping strategies of ‘acceptance’, ‘positive reframing’ and ‘turning to religion’ are influential to benefit finding in prostate cancer. An understanding of the coping strategies that are predictive to benefit finding can assist clinicians to discern and target men who are more or less likely to find benefit, and to develop person‐centred support strategies and interventions with an aim to optimising positive emotional states throughout the cancer journey.