bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newborns are sensitive to the correspondence between auditory pitch and visuospatial elevation
Authors: Walker Peter , Bremner James Gavin , Lunghi Marco , Dolscheid Sarah , D. Barba Beatrice , Simion Francesca 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAmodal (redundant) and arbitrary cross‐sensory feature associations involve the context‐insensitive mapping of absolute feature values across sensory domains. Cross‐sensory associations of a different kind, known as correspondences, involve the context‐sensitive mapping of relative feature values. Are such correspondences in place at birth (like amodal associations), or are they learned from subsequently experiencing relevant feature co‐occurrences in the world (like arbitrary associations)? To decide between these two possibilities, human newborns (median age = 44 hr) watched animations in which two balls alternately rose and fell together in space. The pitch of an accompanying sound rose and fell either congruently with this visual change (pitch rising and falling as the balls moved up and down), or incongruently (pitch rising and falling as the balls moved down and up). Newborns' looking behavior was sensitive to this congruence, providing the strongest indication to date that cross‐sensory correspondences can be in place at birth.
Ghosts of mother's past: Previous maternal stress leads to altered maternal behavior following a subsequent pregnancy in rats
Authors: Kan Janice M. , Richardson Rick 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA rodent model was used to explore whether mothers that experienced a postnatal stressor in the past (i.e., daily separations from her previous litter) exhibited altered maternal behavior during a typical, subsequent rearing experience. Stress‐naïve female rats were bred and then separated from their pups (maternal separation) or remained with their pups (standard‐rearing). After those pups were weaned, mothers were bred again with all pups from the subsequent litter being standard‐reared. In the first week of life, various maternal behaviors directed towards these subsequent offspring were observed, including levels of nursing and pup retrieval. After weaning, mothers were tested for anxiety‐like behavior, as well as memory on the object‐recognition and object‐placement tasks. The results show that previously stressed mothers retrieve their offspring significantly faster compared to mothers with no stress history, which may reflect a more “overprotective” mothering style. No other differences on maternal care were observed. Also, while previously stressed mothers were no more anxious than control mothers, they had impaired spatial memory on the object‐placement task. This was not due to a general memory impairment as mothers performed equally on the object‐recognition task, suggesting that previous maternal stress has specific effects on hippocampal‐dependent tasks. That is, stress exerts lasting effects on types of behavior that are proposed to be beneficial to mothers and their offspring (i.e., efficient foraging and navigation abilities). Taken together, these results provide evidence that stress has specific and persistent effects on caregivers.
Clinical course and prognostic factors across different musculoskeletal pain sites: A secondary analysis of individual patient data from randomised clinical trials
Authors: Green D.J. , Lewis M. , Mansell G. , Artus M. , Dziedzic K.S. , Hay E.M. , Foster N.E. , van der Windt D.A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has identified similar prognostic factors in patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions regardless of pain presentation, generating opportunities for management based on prognosis rather than specific pain presentation.MethodsData from sevenRCTs (2483 participants) evaluating a range of primary care interventions for differentMSKpain conditions were used to investigate the course of symptoms and explore similarities and differences in predictors of outcome. The value of pain site for predicting changes in pain and function was investigated and compared with that of age, gender, social class, pain duration, widespread pain and level of anxiety/depression.ResultsOver the initial three months of follow‐up, changes in mean pain intensity reflected an improvement, with little change occurring after this period. Participants with knee pain due to osteoarthritis (OA) showed poorer long‐term outcome (mean difference in pain reduction at 12 months −1.85, 95%CI−2.12 to −1.57, compared to low back pain). Increasing age, manual work, longer pain duration, widespread pain and increasing anxiety/depression scores were significantly associated with poorer outcome regardless of pain site. Testing of interactions showed some variation between pain sites, particularly for kneeOA, where age, manual work and pain duration were most strongly associated with outcome.ConclusionsDespite some differences in prognostic factors for trial participants with kneeOAwho were older and had more chronic conditions, similarity of outcome predictors across regionalMSKpain sites provides evidence to support targeting of treatment based on prognostic factors rather than site of pain.SignificanceIndividual patient data analysis of trials across different regional musculoskeletal pain sites was used to evaluate course and prognostic factors associated with pain and disability. Overall, similarity of outcome predictors across these different pain sites supports targeting of treatment based on prognostic factors rather than pain site alone.
A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of automated tests for cognitive impairment
Authors: Aslam Rabeea'h W. , Bates Vickie , Dundar Yenal , Hounsome Juliet , Richardson Marty , Krishan Ashma , Dickson Rumona , Boland Angela , Fisher Joanne , Robinson Louise , Sikdar Sudip 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this review is to determine whether automated computerised tests accurately identify patients with progressive cognitive impairment and, if so, to investigate their role in monitoring disease progression and/or response to treatment.MethodsSix electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Institute for Scientific Information, PsycINFO, and ProQuest) were searched from January 2005 to August 2015 to identify papers for inclusion. Studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of automated computerised tests for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia against a reference standard were included. Where possible, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratios were calculated. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool was used to assess risk of bias.ResultsSixteen studies assessing 11 diagnostic tools for MCI and early dementia were included. No studies were eligible for inclusion in the review of tools for monitoring progressive disease and response to treatment. The overall quality of the studies was good. However, the wide range of tests assessed and the non‐standardised reporting of diagnostic accuracy outcomes meant that statistical analysis was not possible.ConclusionSome tests have shown promising results for identifying MCI and early dementia. However, concerns over small sample sizes, lack of replicability of studies, and lack of evidence available make it difficult to make recommendations on the clinical use of the computerised tests for diagnosing, monitoring progression, and treatment response for MCI and early dementia. Research is required to establish stable cut‐off points for automated computerised tests used to diagnose patients with MCI or early dementia.
Targeting of miR‐31/96/182 to the Numb gene during head and neck oncogenesis
Authors: Chou Chung‐Hsien , Tu Hsi‐Feng , Kao Shou‐Yen , Chiang Chun‐Yu Fan , Liu Chung‐Ji , Chang Kuo‐Wei , Lin Shu‐Chun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study investigates whether miR‐31, miR‐96, and miR‐182 are involved in targeting Numb during HNSCC.MethodsThe expression of miR‐31/96/182 in tumor tissues was analyzed. Reporter assay, knockdown, expression, and oncogenic analysis were carried out in cell lines.ResultsUpregulation of miR‐31/96/182 was detected in tumor tissues. In addition, advanced tumors showed higher expression levels of these miRNAs. The expression of these miRNAs was upregulated after treatment with areca ingredients (P < .01 or P < .001). These miRNAs directly targeted the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) sequence of the Numb gene. An increased migration and invasion of HNSCC cells was associated with the exogenous expression of miR‐31/96/182 (P < .01 or P < .001), and this was reverted by expression of Numb.ConclusionThis study provides new evidence demonstrating that there is frequent and concordant upregulation of miR‐31, miR‐96, and miR‐182 during HNSCC and these miRNAs co‐target Numb.
Noninvasive, Quantitative Assessment of Liver Fat by MRI‐PDFF as an Endpoint in NASH Trials
Authors: Caussy Cyrielle , Reeder Scott B. , Sirlin Claude B. , Loomba Rohit 
Published: January 2018

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and the progressive form of this condition, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has become one of the leading indications for liver transplantation. Despite intensive investigations, there are currently no United States Food and Drug Administration–approved therapies for treating NASH. A major barrier for drug development in NASH is that treatment response assessment continues to require liver biopsy, which is invasive and interpreted subjectively. Therefore, there is a major unmet need for developing noninvasive, objective, and quantitative biomarkers for diagnosis and assessment of treatment response. Emerging data support the use of magnetic resonance imaging–derived proton density fat fraction (MRI‐PDFF) as a noninvasive, quantitative, and accurate measure of liver fat content to assess treatment response in early‐phase NASH trials. In this review, we discuss the role and utility, including potential sample size reduction, of MRI‐PDFF as a quantitative and noninvasive imaging‐based biomarker in early‐phase NASH trials.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.(
1
) NAFLD can be broadly classified into two categories: nonalcoholic fatty liver, which has a minimal risk of progression to cirrhosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the more progressive form of NAFLD, which has a significantly increased risk of progression to cirrhosis.(
4
) Over the past two decades, NASH‐related cirrhosis has become the second leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States.(
5
) For these reasons, pharmacological therapy for NASH is needed urgently. Despite intensive investigations, there are currently no therapies for treating NASH that have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration.(
6
)
Inactivation of nucleus reuniens impairs spatial working memory and behavioral flexibility in the rat
Authors: Viena Tatiana D. , Linley Stephanie B. , Vertes Robert P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe hippocampal formation (HF) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) play critical roles in spatial working memory (SWM). The nucleus reuniens (RE) of the ventral midline thalamus is an important anatomical link between the HF and mPFC, and as such is crucially involved in SWM functions that recruit both structures. Little is known, however, regarding the role of RE in other behaviors mediated by this circuit. In the present study, we examined the role of RE in spatial working memory and executive functioning following reversible inactivation of RE with either muscimol or procaine. Rats were implanted with an indwelling cannula targeting RE and trained in a delayed nonmatch to sample spatial alternation T‐maze task. For the task, sample and choice runs were separated by moderate or long delays (30, 60, and 120 s). Following asymptotic performance, rats were tested following infusions of drug or vehicle. Muscimol infused into RE impaired SWM at all delays, whereby procaine only impaired performance at the longest delays. Furthermore, RE inactivation with muscimol produced a failure in win‐shift strategy as well as severe spatial perseveration, whereby rats persistently made re‐entries into incorrect arms during correction trials, despite the absence of reward. This demonstrated marked changes in behavioral flexibility and response strategy. These results strengthen the role of nucleus reuniens as a pivotal link between hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in cognitive and executive functions and suggest that nucleus reuniens may be a potential target in the treatment of CNS disorders such as schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, addiction, and obsessive‐compulsive disorder, whose symptoms are defined by hippocampal‐prefrontal dysfunctions.
In situ measurements of wind‐driven salt fluxes through constructed channels in a coastal wetland ecosystem
Authors: Manda Alex K. , Reyes Enrique , Pitt James M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA suite of instruments was deployed in a coastal wetland ecosystem in the Albemarle estuarine system, North Carolina (USA), to characterize wind‐driven transport of saltwater through a constructed (man‐made) channel. Flow velocity, electrical conductivity, and stage were measured in a representative channel over a 2‐month period from May to July 2014, during which 4 wind tides were observed. Collected data show that thousands of metric tons of salt were advected through the channel into coastal wetlands during each event, which lasted up to 4 days. The results reveal that as much as 36% of advected salts accumulated in the wetlands, suggesting that the cumulative effects of these events on the health of coastal wetlands in the Albemarle system may be substantial due to the abundance of constructed channels and the frequency of wind‐driven tidal events. This study is the first to quantify wind‐driven salt fluxes through constructed channels in coastal wetland settings.
Evapotranspiration is resilient in the face of land cover and climate change in a humid temperate catchment
Authors: Hamilton Stephen K. , Hussain M. Z. , Lowrie Christopher , Basso B. , Robertson G. P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn temperate humid catchments, evapotranspiration returns more than half of the annual precipitation to the atmosphere, thereby determining the balance available to recharge groundwaters and support stream flow and lake levels. Changes in evapotranspiration rates and, therefore, catchment hydrology could be driven by changes in land use or climate. Here, we examine the catchment water balance over the past 50 years for a catchment in southwest Michigan covered by cropland, grassland, forest, and wetlands. Over the study period, about 27% of the catchment has been abandoned from row‐crop agriculture to perennial vegetation and about 20% of the catchment has reverted to deciduous forest, and the climate has warmed by 1.14 °C. Despite these changes in land use, the precipitation and stream discharge, and by inference catchment‐scale evapotranspiration, have been stable over the study period. The remarkably stable rates of evapotranspirative water loss from the catchment across a period of significant land cover change suggest that rainfed annual crops and perennial vegetation do not differ greatly in evapotranspiration rates, and this is supported by measurements of evapotranspiration from various vegetation types based on soil water monitoring in the same catchment. Compensating changes in the other meteorological drivers of evaporative water demand besides air temperature—wind speed, atmospheric humidity, and net radiation—are also possible but cannot be evaluated due to insufficient local data across the 50‐year period. Regardless of the explanation, this study shows that the water balance of this landscape has been resilient in the face of both land cover and climate change over the past 50 years.
Latina mothers' emotion socialization and their children's emotion knowledge
Authors: Pintar Breen Alyssa I. , Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. , Kahana‐Kalman Ronit 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe investigated whether “supportive” and “nonsupportive” dimensions of emotion socialization, commonly identified in studies of European American mothers, were applicable to a low‐income sample of Mexican and Dominican immigrant mothers (N = 112) in the United States, and if so, whether these dimensions related to child emotion knowledge. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to an adapted version of a widely used questionnaire of maternal responses to children's negative emotions (The Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Questionnaire, CCNES; Fabes, Eisenberg, & Bernzweig, ). Children's (mean age = 5.08 years, SD = .11) emotion knowledge was assessed through play‐based vignettes and a task in which children labelled the emotions on pictures of faces. A two‐factor solution on the CCNES aligned with the “supportive” and “nonsupportive” dimensions of prior studies. Mothers' supportive responses related to greater child expressive emotion knowledge. Nonsupportive responses did not relate to child expressive emotion knowledge. The benefits of supportive emotion socialization seen in European American families generalize to Latina American immigrant mothers, but the negative effects of what is considered to be “nonsupportive” in European American mothers might not apply.Highlights

Do the terms “supportive” and “nonsupportive” emotion socialization represent Latina immigrant mothers, and do these dimensions of parenting relate to their children's emotion language?
Mothers reported on their emotion socialization practices while children's emotion language was assessed with a play‐based task. We found that mothers' responses represented “supportive” and “nonsupportive” dimensions and that only supportive responses, not nonsupportive, predicted better emotion language among children.
Perhaps “nonsupportive” emotion socialization may operate differently among Latino American families than compared to European American families; the interpretation of what is “nonsupportive” among Latino families merits further study.
Biomechanical analysis of decellularized dermis and skin: Initial in vivo observations using optical cohesion tomography and vibrational analysis
Authors: Shah Ruchit G. , DeVore Dale , Silver Frederick H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMeasurement of the mechanical properties of skin in vivo has been complicated by the lack of methods that can accurately measure the viscoelastic properties without assuming values of Poisson's ratio and tissue density. In this paper, we present the results of preliminary studies comparing the mechanical properties of skin and scar tissue measured using a technique involving optical cohesion tomography (OCT) and vibrational analysis. This technique has been reported to give values of the modulus that correlate with those obtained from tensile measurements made on decellularized dermis (Shah et al., Skin Res Technol 2016;23:399–406; Shah et al., J Biomed Mater Res Part 2017;105:15–22). The high correlation between moduli measured using vibrational studies and uniaxial tensile tests suggest that the modulus can be determined by measuring the natural frequency that occurs when a tissue is vibrated in tension. The results of studies on glutaric anhydride treated decellularized dermis suggest that vibrational analysis is a useful technique to look at changes in the properties of skin that occur after cosmetic and surgical treatments are used. Preliminary results suggest that the resonant frequency of scar tissue is much higher than that of adjacent normal skin reflecting the higher collagen content of scar. OCT in concert with vibrational analysis appears to be a useful tool to evaluate processes that alter skin properties in animals and humans as well to study the onset and pathogenesis of skin diseases such as cancer. This technique may be useful to evaluate the extent of wound healing in skin diabetic ulcers and other chronic skin conditions, scar tissue formation in response to implants, and other therapeutic treatments that alter skin properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1421–1427, 2018.
Sauchinone prevents IL‐1β‐induced inflammatory response in human chondrocytes
Authors: Gao Yanjun , Zhao Hongyu , Li Yang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSauchinone is one of the active lignan isolated from Saururus chinensis, which has been considered to possess various pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory effects. However, the functional roles of sauchinone in interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β)‐stimulated human osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes are still unknown. Thus, in this study, we investigated the anti‐inflammatory effects of sauchinone in IL‐1β‐stimulated chondrocytes. Our results demonstrated that sauchinone significantly attenuated NO and PGE2 production, as well as inhibited iNOS and COX‐2 expression in IL‐1β‐stimulated OA chondrocytes. In addition, sauchinone efficiently inhibited IL‐1β‐induced MMP‐3 and MMP‐13 release in human OA chondrocytes. Furthermore, sauchinone significantly attenuated the activation of NF‐κB in human OA chondrocytes. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that sauchinone inhibited inflammatory response in IL‐1β‐stimulated human chondrocytes probably through inhibiting the activation of NF‐κB signaling pathway. These data suggest that sauchinone may be a potential agent in the treatment of OA.
Useful information provided by graphic displays of automated cell counter in hematological malignancies
Authors: Gupta Monica , Chauhan Kriti , Singhvi Tanvi , Kumari Manisha , Grover Rajesh Kumar 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundAutomated cell counters have become more and more sophisticated with passing years. The numerical and graphic data both provide useful clues for suspecting a diagnosis especially when the workload is very high.AimWe present our experience of useful information provided by graphic displays of an automated cell counter in hematological malignancies in a cancer hospital where a large number of complete blood count (CBC) requests are received either before or during chemotherapy. This study was conducted to assess the usefulness of hematology cell counter, viz. WBC‐Diff (WBC differential), WBC/BASO (WBC basophil) and IMI (immature myeloid information) channel scatter plots, and the flaggings generated in various hematological malignancies.Material & methodsThe graphic displays have been compiled over a period of 1 year (October 2015‐September 2016) from blood samples of various solid and hematological malignancies (approximately 400 per day) received for routine CBC in the laboratory. Approximately 50 000 scattergrams have been analyzed during the study period. The findings were confirmed by peripheral blood smear examination.ResultsThe scattergram analysis on XE‐2100 is very sensitive as well as specific for diagnosing acute leukemia, viz. acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; chronic myeloproliferative disorders, viz. chronic myeloid leukemia; and chronic lymphoproliferative disorder especially chronic lymphocytic leukemia.ConclusionIt is suggested that the laboratories using the hematology analyzers be aware of graphic display patterns in addition to flaggings generated which provide additional information and give clue toward the diagnosis even before peripheral smear examination.