bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standards of Beauty: The Impact of Mannequins in the Retail Context
Authors: Argo Jennifer J , Dahl Darren W 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Across six studies, a female mannequin is demonstrated to have negative implications for both male and female consumers low in appearance self-esteem. In particular, consumers who are lower in appearance self-esteem evaluate a product displayed by a mannequin more negatively as compared with consumers higher in appearance self-esteem. As mannequins signal the normative standard of beauty and consumers with low self-esteem in regard to their appearance believe they fail to meet this standard, these consumers become threatened by the beauty standard when exposed to a mannequin and in response denigrate the product the mannequin is displaying. We provide evidence for the underlying process in three ways: 1) through the finding that the effect for male and female consumers with low appearance self-esteem arises only when the mannequin is displaying an appearance-related product, 2) through mediation analysis demonstrating that the mannequin conveys society’s standard of beauty and that this negatively impacts product evaluations, and 3) through mitigation of the effect by removing the presence of threat via a self-affirmation task or decreasing the mannequin’s beauty (e.g., marking its face, removing its hair, or removing its head). Multiple avenues for future research are forwarded.
The sticky business of adhesion prevention in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery
Authors: Han Esther S. , Scheib Stacey A. , Patzkowsky Kristin E. , Simpson Khara , Wang Karen C. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
The negative impact of postoperative adhesions has long been recognized, but available options for prevention remain limited. Minimally invasive surgery is associated with decreased adhesion formation due to meticulous dissection with gentile tissue handling, improved hemostasis, and limiting exposure to reactive foreign material; however, there is conflicting evidence on the clinical significance of adhesion-related disease when compared to open surgery. Laparoscopic surgery does not guarantee the prevention of adhesions because longer operative times and high insufflation pressure can promote adhesion formation. Adhesion barriers have been available since the 1980s, but uptake among surgeons remains low and there is no clear evidence that they reduce clinically significant outcomes such as chronic pain or infertility. In this article, we review the ongoing magnitude of adhesion-related complications in gynecologic surgery, currently available interventions and new research toward more effective adhesion prevention.

Recent findings
Recent literature provides updated epidemiologic data and estimates of healthcare costs associated with adhesion-related complications. There have been important advances in our understanding of normal peritoneal healing and the pathophysiology of adhesions. Adhesion barriers continue to be tested for safety and effectiveness and new agents have shown promise in clinical studies. Finally, there are many experimental studies of new materials and pharmacologic and biologic prevention agents.

Summary
There is great interest in new adhesion prevention technologies, but new agents are unlikely to be available for clinical use for many years. High-quality effectiveness and outcomes-related research is still needed.
A comprehensive review of Asherman's syndrome: causes, symptoms and treatment options
Authors: Salazar Christina A. , Isaacson Keith , Morris Stephanie 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
Intrauterine adhesions, also known as Asherman's syndrome, can have an impact on both reproductive outcomes and gynaecologic symptoms. Understanding the cause of intrauterine adhesions and the common clinical presentation will increase awareness of the condition and guide the patient to appropriate therapy. Surgical management offers favourable fertility outcomes and is often successful in restoring menstruation.

Recent findings
Surgical management with hysteroscopic lysis of adhesions is the gold standard for treatment and adopting an office-based approach offers several advantages. Prevention of reformation of adhesions remains challenging and no single method for preventing recurrence has shown superiority. Cell-based therapies using endometrial stem/progenitor cells hold promise for future use in regenerating inadequate endometrium.

Summary
Increased awareness of the symptoms suggestive of intrauterine adhesive disease, as well as recognition of common causes and preceding events, is crucial for early diagnosis, patient counselling and treatment.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/COOG/A36.
EVALUATION OF PATCHY ATROPHY SECONDARY TO HIGH MYOPIA BY SEMIAUTOMATED SOFTWARE FOR FUNDUS AUTOFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Miere Alexandra , Capuano Vittorio , Serra Rita , Jung Camille , Souied Eric , Querques Giuseppe 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the progression of patchy atrophy in high myopia using semiautomated software for fundus autofluorescence (FAF) analysis.

Methods:
The medical records and multimodal imaging of 21 consecutive highly myopic patients with macular chorioretinal patchy atrophy (PA) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent repeated fundus autofluorescence and spectral domain optical coherence tomography over at least 12 months. Color fundus photography was also performed in a subset of patients. Total atrophy area was measured on FAF images using Region Finder semiautomated software embedded in Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) at baseline and during follow-up visits. Region Finder was compared with manually measured PA on FAF images.

Results:
Twenty-two eyes of 21 patients (14 women, 7 men; mean age 62.8 + 13.0 years, range 32–84 years) were included. Mean PA area using Region Finder was 2.77 ± 2.91 SD mm2 at baseline, 3.12 ± 2.68 mm2 at Month 6, 3.43 ± 2.68 mm2 at Month 12, and 3.73 ± 2.74 mm2 at Month 18 (overall P < 0.005); this accounts for PA progression rate of 0.821 mm2/year. Atrophy progression was significantly greater among eyes with larger PA compared with smaller baseline PA at Months 6, 12, and 18. There was no statistically significant difference between semiautomated Region Finder PA area and manually measured PA area on FAF images.

Conclusion:
Fundus autofluorescence analysis by Region Finder semiautomated software provides accurate measurements of lesion area and allows us to quantify the progression of PA in high myopia. In our series, PA enlarged significantly over at least 12 months, and its progression seemed to be related to the lesion size at baseline.
A SERIES OF FIVE PATIENTS WITH FOVEAL HYPOPLASIA DEMONSTRATING GOOD VISUAL ACUITY
Authors: Kirchner Ian D. , Waldman Corey W. , Sunness Janet S. 
Published: June 2017

Background/Purpose:
Foveal hypoplasia is associated with low vision in a variety of conditions. We report and show imaging studies for a series of five patients with foveal hypoplasia who had visual acuity ranging from 20/25 to 20/60.

Methods:
Observational case series.

Patients:
This series includes five patients aged 5 to 18 years who presented to the Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Hoover Low Vision Clinic. All patients showed a partial or complete absence of the fovea in both eyes on examination.

Results:
Eight eyes exhibited absence of foveal depression on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus high-definition OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec). Four eyes exhibited Grade 3 foveal hypoplasia, two eyes exhibited Grade 4 foveal hypoplasia, and two eyes exhibited Grade 1 foveal hypoplasia. For two eyes (one patient), the optical coherence tomography was no longer available for grading, but was interpreted as foveal hypoplasia in both eyes in the chart. Visual acuities ranged from 20/25 to 20/60. Only two of five patients showed signs of albinism.

Conclusion:
Despite the presence of foveal hypoplasia, patients can retain a high level of visual acuity, which suggests that a foveal depression is not essential for the development of good visual acuity.
Depressive Symptoms Moderate the Association Between Appetite and Health Status in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Andreae Christina , Strömberg Anna , Chung Misook L. , Hjelm Carina , Årestedt Kristofer 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Decreased appetite and depressive symptoms are clinical problems in patients with heart failure. Both may result in impaired health status.

Objective:
The aims of this study were to investigate the association between appetite and health status in patients with heart failure and to explore whether depressive symptoms moderate this association.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, patients with heart failure (n = 186; mean age, 71 years), New York Heart Association class II to IV, participated. Data on appetite (Council of Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and health status (EQ-5D 3-level scale [EQ-5D-3L] descriptive system, EQ-5D-3L index, and EQ Visual Analog Scale) were collected by self-rating questionnaires. Pearson correlation was used to investigate the association between appetite and health status. Multiple regression was performed to examine whether depressive symptoms moderate the association between appetite and health status.

Results:
There was a significant association between appetite and health status for EQ-5D-3L descriptive system, mobility (P < .001), pain/discomfort (P < .001), and anxiety/depression (P < .001). This association was also shown in EQ-5D-3L index (P < .001) and EQ Visual Analog Scale (P < .001). Simple slope analysis showed that the association between appetite and health status was only significant for patients without depressive symptoms (B = 0.32, t = 4.66, P < .001).

Conclusions:
Higher level of appetite was associated with better health status. In moderation analysis, the association was presented for patients without depressive symptoms. Decreased appetite is an important sign of poor health status. To improve health status, health professionals should have greater attention on appetite, as well on signs of depressive symptoms.
The Regional Autopsy Center
Authors: Atherton Daniel Stephen , Reilly Stephanie 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Rates of autopsied deaths have decreased significantly for the last several decades. It may not be practical for some institutions to maintain the facilities and staffing required to perform autopsies. In recent years, the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) has established contracts to perform autopsies for several regional institutions including the Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences (ADFS), the United States Veterans Affairs, the local prison system, local community hospitals, and with families for private autopsy services. Contracts and autopsy data from 2004 to 2015 were obtained and reviewed. Since 2004, the number of UAB hospital autopsies trended slightly downward. On average, UAB hospital cases comprised most yearly cases, and the ADFS was the second largest contributor of cases. Income generated from outside autopsies performed from 2006 to 2015 totaled just more than 2 million dollars, and most of the income was generated from referred ADFS cases. This study provides evidence that a centralized institution (regional autopsy center [RAC]) can provide regional autopsy service in a practical, feasible, and economically viable manner, and a RAC can benefit both the referring institutions as well as the RAC itself.
Which Knife Was Used?
Authors: Zohn Allison , Melinek Judy 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Forensic pathologists who autopsy stab wound victims may be called upon to determine whether a specific weapon recovered as evidence caused the decedent's wounds. Some forensic training programs instruct pathologists to excise wounds and place them in formalin. There is little published information about the reliability of these assessments. To address these deficiencies, a porcine model was used to establish the limits of in situ knife wound measurements of wounds caused by 3 knives of different widths stabbed at 90 degrees to the skin surface. The results indicate that within the 95% confidence interval, most stab wounds when measured on the surface of the skin will be within 1 to 3 mm of the size of the knife blade. Four wounds from different anatomical areas of the pig were excised from the body, and after excision, their measurements differed from their in situ length. After fixation in a 10% buffered formalin solution, one wound stayed the same, one wound lengthened, one shrunk minimally, and the one from the thinner abdominal skin shrunk by 6 mm (11%). This study presents a porcine model that can be used to define parameters for testimony.
Minor Suture Fusion in Syndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Runyan Christopher M. , Xu, M.D. Wen , Alperovich Michael , Massie, M.D. Jonathan P. , Paek Gina , Cohen Benjamin A. , Staffenberg David A. , Flores Roberto L. , Taylor Jesse A. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Infants with craniofacial dysostosis syndromes may present with midface abnormalities but without major (calvarial) suture synostosis and head shape anomalies. Delayed presentation of their calvarial phenotype is known as progressive postnatal craniosynostosis. Minor sutures/synchondroses are continuations of major sutures toward and within the skull base. The authors hypothesized that minor suture synostosis is present in infants with syndromic, progressive postnatal craniosynostosis, and is associated with major suture synostosis.

Methods:
The authors performed a two-institution review of infants (<1 year) with syndromic craniosynostosis and available computed tomographic scans. Major (i.e., metopic, sagittal, coronal, and lambdoid) and minor suture/synchondrosis fusion was determined by two craniofacial surgeons and one radiologist using Mimics or Radiant software.

Results:
Seventy-three patients with 84 scans were included. Those with FGFR2 mutations were more likely to lack any major suture fusion (OR, 19.0; p = 0.044). Minor suture fusion occurred more often in the posterior branch of the coronal arch (OR, 3.33; p < 0.001), squamosal arch (OR, 7.32; p < 0.001), and posterior intraoccipital synchondroses (OR, 15.84; p < 0.001), among FGFR2 versus other patients. Patients (n = 9) with multiple scans showed a pattern of minor suture fusion followed by increased minor and major suture synostosis. Over 84 percent of FGFR2 patients had minor suture fusion; however, six (13 percent) were identified with isolated major suture synostosis.

Conclusions:
Minor suture fusion occurs in most patients with FGFR2-related craniofacial dysostosis. Syndromic patients with patent calvarial sutures should be investigated for minor suture involvement. These data have important implications for the pathophysiology of skull growth and development in this select group of patients.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
A Prospective Clinical Trial Comparing Visible Light Spectroscopy to Handheld Doppler for Postoperative Free Tissue Transfer Monitoring
Authors: Mericli Alexander F. , Wren James , Garvey Patrick B. , Liu Jun , Butler Charles E. , Selber Jesse C. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Early detection of compromised free flap perfusion is critical. A common modality of thrombosis detection, physical examination augmented with hand-held Doppler, provides only intermittent data and is insensitive to venous compromise. Visible light spectroscopy provides continuous, noninvasive evaluation of tissue perfusion. The authors hypothesized that visible light spectroscopy is a more sensitive and specific monitoring method for early detection of postoperative flap compromise than intermittent hand-held Doppler and clinical examination.

Methods:
The authors prospectively conducted a controlled study evaluating the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the T-Stat Model 303 VLS oximeter versus that of intermittent Doppler and clinical examination. The authors prospectively collected and analyzed patient data, complications, reoperations, flap failures, and tissue oxygen saturation.

Results:
Sixty-eight patients with 81 flaps completed the study. The majority of flaps (86.4 percent) were either transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous or deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps. The mean tissue oxygen saturation for all flaps in the study was 56.7 ± 7.1 percent (range, 39.4 to 72.1 percent) and did not differ significantly with patient comorbidity or flap type. During the course of the study, three flaps were returned to the operating room for exploration because of a perfusion abnormality, and the resulting salvage rate was 100 percent. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of visible light spectroscopy were found to be greater than both intermittent Doppler and clinical examination.

Conclusion:
Visible light spectroscopy is a reliable, continuous adjunct to free tissue transfer monitoring with advantages over intermittent hand-held Doppler and clinical examination.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Diagnostic, II.
Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction: A Safe Alternative to Submuscular Prosthetic Reconstruction following Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy
Authors: Sbitany Hani , Piper Merisa , Lentz Rachel 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate prosthetic reconstruction is routinely performed because of excellent aesthetic results and safe oncologic outcomes. Typically, subpectoral expanders are placed, but in select patients, this can lead to significant postoperative pain and animation deformity, caused by pectoralis major muscle disinsertion and stretch. Prepectoral reconstruction is a technique that eliminates dissection of the pectoralis major by placing the prosthesis completely above the muscle with complete acellular dermal matrix coverage.

Methods:
A single surgeon’s experience with immediate prosthetic reconstruction following nipple-sparing mastectomy from 2012 to 2016 was reviewed. Patient demographics, adjuvant treatment, length and characteristics of the expansion, and incidence of complications during the tissue expander stage were compared between the partial submuscular/partial acellular dermal matrix (dual-plane) cohort and the prepectoral cohort.

Results:
Fifty-one patients (84 breasts) underwent immediate prepectoral tissue expander placement, compared with 115 patients (186 breasts) undergoing immediate partial submuscular expander placement. The groups had similar comorbidities and postoperative radiation exposure. There was no significant difference in overall complication rate between the two groups (17.9 percent versus 18.8 percent; p = 0.49).

Conclusions:
Prepectoral breast reconstruction provides a safe and effective alternative to partial submuscular reconstruction, that yields comparable aesthetic results with less operative morbidity. In the authors’ experience, the incidence of acute and chronic postoperative pain and animation deformity is significantly lower following prepectoral breast reconstruction. This technique is now considered for all patients who are safe oncologic candidates and are undergoing nipple-sparing mastectomy and prosthetic reconstruction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Outbreaks in the neonatal ICU: a review of the literature
Authors: Johnson Julia , Quach Caroline 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
Neonates in the neonatal ICU (NICU) are uniquely vulnerable to colonization and infection with pathogens such as multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, which in turn are associated with increased infection-related morbidities and higher case-fatality rates. We reviewed the English, French, and German language literature published between 2015 and 2017, for reports of NICU outbreaks.

Recent findings
A total of 39 outbreaks in NICUs were reported with Gram-negative bacteria (n = 21; 54%) causing most, and extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms being the most frequent resistance mechanism reported (n = 5). Five viral outbreaks were reported (respiratory syncytial virus = 3). A significant proportion of outbreaks (33%) did not identify a source. Whole genome sequencing was used more (n = 6 reports). The most common described infection prevention and control interventions included staff and parent education on hand hygiene, patient isolation, additional contact precautions, including discontinuation of ‘kangaroo care’, and cohorting. Reporting and publication bias are likely common.

Summary
NICUs must be vigilant in identifying outbreaks, conduct comprehensive investigations, and implement targeted infection prevention and control strategies. Molecular epidemiology capacities are an essential element in outbreak investigation. More studies are needed to determine the added value of active colonization screening and their impact on outbreak development.
Lorazepam Challenge for Individuals at Varying Genetic Risk for Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Stonnington Cynthia M. , Harel Brian , Locke Dona E.C. , Hentz Joseph G. , Zhang Nan , Maruff Paul , Caselli Richard J. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction:
This study set out to clarify the differential acute cognitive impact of lorazepam based on varying genetic risk for Alzheimer disease.

Methods:
Fifty-seven cognitively unimpaired individuals aged 51 to 88, genotyped according to apolipoprotein E (APOE) and translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane (40 homolog) poly-T lengths, completed cognitive testing before, 2.5 and 5 hours after receiving a 1 mg dose of lorazepam.

Results:
Post-lorazepam, there were significant (P<0.05) declines from baseline in memory, psychomotor processing speed, and executive function. At 2.5 hours, the magnitude of this lorazepam-induced cognitive change was significantly greater in the APOE3/4 group than in the APOE3/3 group for tests of working memory and visuospatial memory/executive function. At 5 hours postchallenge, verbal memory and working memory deficits persisted in the APOE3/4 group compared with the APOE3/3 group. At 5 hours after lorazepam challenge, as compared with the very long/very long group, the short/short group performed slightly worse on a test of working memory (P<0.05), but no other differences were observed among translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog poly-T variant groups.

Discussion:
The lorazepam challenge may be unmasking presymptomatic cognitive dysfunction associated with APOE4 carriage.
Sleep-related movement disorders and disturbances of motor control
Authors: Bargiotas Panagiotis , Bassetti Claudio L. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
Review of the literature pertaining to clinical presentation, classification, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of sleep-related movement disorders and disturbances of motor control.

Recent findings
Sleep-related movement disorders and disturbances of motor control are typically characterized by positive motor symptoms and are often associated with sleep disturbances and consequent daytime symptoms (e.g. fatigue, sleepiness). They often represent the first or main manifestation of underlying disorders of the central nervous system, which require specific work-up and treatment. Diverse and often combined cause factors have been identified. Although recent data provide some evidence regarding abnormal activation and/or disinhibition of motor circuits during sleep, for the majority of these disorders the pathogenetic mechanisms remain speculative. The differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult and misdiagnoses are not infrequent. The diagnosis is based on clinical and video-polysomnographic findings. Treatment of sleep-related motor disturbances with few exceptions (e.g. restless legs/limbs syndrome) are based mainly on anecdotal reports or small series.

Summary
More state-of-the-art studies on the cause, pathophysiology, and treatment of sleep-related movement disorders and disturbances of motor control are needed.