bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preprocessing Based Verification of Multiparty Protocols with Honest Majority
Authors: Laud Peeter , Pankova Alisa , Jagomägis Roman 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a generic “GMW-style” method for turning passively secure protocols into protocols secure against covert attacks, adding relatively cheap offline preprocessing and post-execution verification phases. Our construction performs best with a small number of parties, and its main benefit is the total cost of the online and the offline phases. In the preprocessing phase, each party generates and shares a sufficient amount of verified multiplication triples that will be later used to assist that party’s proof. The execution phase, after which the computed result is already available to the parties, has only negligible overhead that comes from signatures on sent messages. In the postprocessing phase, the verifiers repeat the computation of the prover in secret-shared manner, checking that they obtain the same messages that the prover sent out during execution. The verification preserves the privacy guarantees of the original protocol. It is applicable to protocols doing computations over finite rings, even if the same protocol performs its computation over several distinct rings. We apply our verification method to the Sharemind platform for secure multiparty computations (SMC), evaluate its performance and compare it to other existing SMC platforms offering security against stronger than passive attackers.
Why Privacy Is All But Forgotten
Authors: Coopamootoo Kovila P.L. , Groß Thomas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPrivacy and sharing are believed to share a dynamic and dialectical tension, where individuals have competing needs to be both open and closed in contact with others [8]. Online, technology can impact this dynamic process [68]. Indeed, a number of researchers observed that users’ stated privacy attitude do not match their behavior [2, 3, 23, 30, 64, 81]. In these studies privacy attitude is compared with behavior via a number of concepts related to privacy. While it is known in psychology that attitudes are multidimensional constructs [10, 15, 76], the question arises whether the user ambivalence with regards to privacy is due to different or contradictory cognitive and affective components of privacy and sharing attitude.We conducted an empirical study to investigate the difference between privacy attitude and sharing attitude. A US sample ofN= 60 MTurk workers was assigned to two groups and asked to describe in a 250-word free-form response what [privacy/sharing] online means for them. Responses were coded in quantitative content analysis. The presence and frequency of codes were compared across conditions. Emotions and relationships to other parties were evaluated as predictors for a discriminative logistic regression classifying both attitudes.We found that privacy and sharing attitude differ significantly across a number of the extracted codes. Participants in privacy attitude were significantly more likely to express fear and significantly less likely to express happiness. For sharing attitude the reverse is true. We found that a discriminant logistic regression on a tone analysis of the participants’ responses offers excellent discrimination between privacy and sharing attitude. We cross-validated this classifier with another sample ofN′ = 54. The observed differences contribute an understanding of user states in privacy (and sharing) situations online and has implications for both privacy research and practice.
Two Is Not Enough: Privacy Assessment of Aggregation Schemes in Smart Metering
Authors: Buescher Niklas , Boukoros Spyros , Bauregger Stefan , Katzenbeisser Stefan 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The widespread deployment of smart meters that frequently report energy consumption information, is a known threat to consumers’ privacy. Many promising privacy protection mechanisms based on secure aggregation schemes have been proposed. Even though these schemes are cryptographically secure, the energy provider has access to the plaintext aggregated power consumption. A privacy trade-off exists between the size of the aggregation scheme and the personal data that might be leaked, where smaller aggregation sizes leak more personal data. Recently, a UK industrial body has studied this privacy trade-off and identified that two smart meters forming an aggregate, are sufficient to achieve privacy. In this work, we challenge this study and investigate which aggregation sizes are sufficient to achieve privacy in the smart grid. Therefore, we propose a flexible, yet formal privacy metric using a cryptographic game based definition. Studying publicly-available, real world energy consumption datasets with various temporal resolutions, ranging from minutes to hourly intervals, we show that a typical household can be identified with very high probability. For example, we observe a 50% advantage over random guessing in identifying households for an aggregation size of 20 households with a 15-minutes reporting interval. Furthermore, our results indicate that single appliances can be identified with significant probability in aggregation sizes up to 10 households.
TagIt: Tagging Network Flows using Blind Fingerprints
Authors: Rezaei Fatemeh , Houmansadr Amir 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFlow fingerprinting is a mechanism for linking obfuscated network flows at large scale. In this paper, we introduce the firstblindflow fingerprinting system called TagIt. Our system works by modulating fingerprint signals into the timing patterns of network flows through slightly delaying packets into secret time intervals only known to the fingerprinting parties. We design TagIt to to enable reliable fingerprint extraction by legitimate fingerprinting parties despite natural network noise, but invisible to an adversary who does not possess the secret fingerprinting key. TagIt makes use of randomization to resist various detection attacks such as multi-flow attacks. We evaluate the performance and invisibility of TagIt through theoretical analysis as well as simulations and experimentation on live network flows.
Provably Secure Anonymous-yet-Accountable Crowdsensing with Scalable Sublinear Revocation
Authors: Rahaman Sazzadur , Cheng Long , Yao Danfeng Daphne , Li He , Park Jung-Min Jerry 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Group signature schemes enable anonymous-yet-accountable communications. Such a capability is extremely useful for applications, such as smartphone-based crowdsensing and citizen science. However, the performance of modern group signature schemes is still inadequate to manage large dynamic groups. In this paper, we design the first provably secure verifier-local revocation (VLR) - based group signature scheme that supports sublinear revocation, named Sublinear Revocation with Backward unlinkability and Exculpability (SRBE). To achieve this performance gain, SRBE introduces time bound pseudonyms for the signer. By introducing low-cost short-lived pseudonyms with sublinear revocation checking, SRBE drastically improves the efficiency of the group-signature primitive. The backward-unlinkable anonymity of SRBE guarantees that even after the revocation of a signer, her previously generated signatures remain unlinkable across epochs. This behavior favors the dynamic nature of real-world crowdsensing settings. We prove its security and discuss parameters that influence its scalability. Using SRBE, we also implement a prototype named GroupSense for anonymous-yet-accountable crowdsensing, where our experimental findings confirm GroupSense’s scalability. We point out the open problems remaining in this space.
Blended synchronous learning environment: Student perspectives
Authors: Conklina Sheri , Oyarzun Beth , Barreto Daisyane 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Distance education environments can take many forms, from asynchronous to blended synchronous environments. Blended synchronous learning environment (BSLE) can be defined as an innovative setting in which students can decide to attend classes either face-to-face or via a synchronous virtual connection. Many educators are unfamiliar teaching in BSLE because of lack of experience or exposure to this delivery method. Thus, it is important to understand the optimal organisational structures and the effective management of BSLE courses to facilitate student learning and interaction. Seeking to understand this teaching method, an exploratory mixed-method study was conducted to examine graduate students’ perceptions of the BSLE. Quantitative and qualitative data was collected from a questionnaire and analysed. The findings revealed that students were satisfied with the BSLE, interactions, and the instructor. However, findings showed that the instructor divided attention between face-to-face and online synchronous students, which can cause cognitive overload and compromise the quality of instruction. Additionally, this study suggests that technical difficulties can affect students’ satisfaction with BSLE courses. Implications for further research and limitations are discussed.
Improving flame-retardant, thermal, and mechanical properties of an epoxy using halogen-free fillers
Authors: Riahipour Ramin , Alizadeh Sahraei Abolfazl , van de Werken Nekoda , Tehrani Mehran , Abrinia Karen , Baniassadi Majid 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Various nano- and micro-sized fillers can be integrated into polymers to enhance their flame-retardant performance. In this work, a diglycidyl-ether bisphenol A epoxy was used as the matrix and nanostructured silica aerogel (AG) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) microparticles were investigated as fillers to improve the flame-retardant and thermal properties of the epoxy. The anti-flame, thermal, and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated for different volume fractions of filler particles. It was found that APP decreased the burning rate while significantly improving the thermal stability. To investigate the flame resistant properties of combined AG and APP, an optimized ratio of AG and APP was added to the epoxy, leading to a stable flame-retardant epoxy with a low thermal conductivity and improved glass transition temperature (T
g). The synergy between the AG and APP in composite samples resulted in an interesting burning behavior where sample core was relatively less deteriorated compared with the samples containing only APP or AG. This was attributed to the decrease of thermal conductivity due to the addition of AG. Lastly, samples containing APP showed the highest limiting oxygen index percentage and it was found that only small amounts of APP are required to make the epoxy flame-retardant.
I-SSR Markers Revealed Inconsistent Phylogeographic Patterns among Populations of Japanese Red Pines in Korea
Authors: Hong Y.-P. , Kwon H.-Y. , Kim I.-S. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
To monitor the level and distribution pattern of genetic diversity in countrywide populations of Japanese red pines in Korea, 80 I-SSR variants were analyzed from 192 individuals in 11 populations. The previously reported data, obtained from the 8 populations of this species, were incorporated into the estimation of the population genetic statistics. Relatively higher level of genetic diversity was observed in 19 populations of Japanese red pines (mean of 0.453) than those in other tree species. From the results of AMOVA, majority of genetic diversity (92%) was allocated within populations, which brought about the moderate degree of population differentiation (ϕST= 0.08). Two genetic groups were observed from the dendrogram reconstructed by UPGMA. Overall correlation between genetic relationships and geographic affinity was inconsistent among the 19 populations. Some probable genetic disturbances, induced by either human interference or the natural process of regeneration for the species after devastation, might be responsible for the discrepancy between genetic relationships and geographical distribution of the populations. These results suggested that simple geographic or ecological grouping might not represent the genetic zone of the Korean populations of Japanese red pines, and that more careful approach should be made for designating in situ gene conservation of this species in Korea.
Identification of AFLP Markers Associated with Embryonic Root Development in Populus tomentosa Carr
Authors: Zhang D. , Zhang Z. , Yang K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEmbryonic root (radicle) development in the mature embryo following germination is essential for the formation of the root organ in plants. In this study a phenotype described by a lack of proper radicle development was identified in an intraspecific hybrid of Populus tomentosa Carr.. Association of this trait with Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) markers was investigated in a segregating F1population generated by intraspecific-controlled crossing between a highly fertile female P. tomentosa clone “5082” and a male P. tomentosa clone “JY”. A total of 3193 seeds were obtained, and the rate of germination found to be 48.74% at 15 to 20 days. 376 (24%) of seedlings were shown to lack a root organ following visual assessment of the developing radicle. Genetic regulation of this trait appeared to be via a single dominant gene or a set of tightly linked genes, based on the 3:1 ratio of the rooting versus nonrooting seed embryos. A Bulked Segregant Analysis approach using 5600 AFLP markers was applied to this population and revealed 2 AFLP markers, EcoRI +GAG/ Mse I +AAT-492 and EcoRI +GAG/Mse I +CCA-502, that were associated with the radicle development-controlling locus in P. tomentosa. The AFLP markers identified have potential for application in hybrid breeding via marker assisted selection, and provide a starting point for map based cloning of the radical development-controlling gene.
A Study of Population Variation and Inheritance in Sitka Spruce
Authors: Lee S. J. , Woolliams J. , Samuel C. J. A. , Malcolm D. C. 
Published: October 2017

Summary
This study investigated the potential benefits to a tree breeding programme of selection based on height in the original ortet population, and on diameter and wood density of grafted-ramets representing the same ortets growing in a clone bank. The trees studied were a large, randomly selected same-aged population of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) individuals of known origin growing on a single site in North-West Scotland. Estimates of correlated response indicated the value of including ortet height when adjusted for an environmental variable (in this case height above sea level), and grafted-ramet wood density and diameter in the estimation of breeding values. A selection intensity of 1 in 20 for height amongst ortets in the forest or grafted-ramets in the clone bank each gave a correlated increase in mid-rotation diameter of around 6% in the next generation. A similar selection intensity for wood density in the grafted-ramet population would give a 15% increase of wood density in the next generation. The study indicates worthwhile gain can be achieved at the stage of plus-tree selection when moderate single tree heritability is combined with sufficiently high selection intensity.
The Genetic Structure of Sorocea bonplandii in Southern Brazilian Forest Fragments: AFLP Diversity
Authors: Ruschel A. R. , Nodari R. O. , Moerschbacher B. M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo analyse possible genetic erosion due to fragmentation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest ecosystem, we investigated the genetic diversity within and among one large and six small populations of one of the key species of this ecosystem, Sorocea bonplandii, using AFLP analyses of 468 plants. Eight primer pairs yielded 299 polymorphic fragments for analysis. S. bonplandii was characterized by an unusually high genetic diversity within the species and also within individual populations, around 94% of the total genetic diversity occurred within populations. Genetic distances between populations were low in spite of extensive fragmentation. Genetic distance was significantly correlated with geographical distances between fragments, but these differences may have existed before fragmentation. Our results have direct implications for sustainable management of S. bonplandii, indicating that conservation strategies might be based on a random sample of trees taken throughout the Atlantic forest. However, the minimum population size required for maintaining the huge genetic diversity of this species is unknown. In order to establish a sustainable management plan for the species, further ecological studies are needed.
Results of an International Provenance Trial of Cordia alliodora in São Paulo, Brazil at Five and 23 Years of Age
Authors: Sebbenn A. M. , Boshier D. H. , Freitas M. L. M. , Zanatto A. C. S. , Sato A. S. , Ettori L. C. , Moraes E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken (Boraginaceae) is a tropical timber tree of great economic value that occurs in Latin America and through most of the Caribbean. Genetic variation in growth, form and survival of eight Central America provenances - five from a dry zone and three from a wet zone - were studied five and 23 years after establishment in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Significant differences between dry and wet zone provenances were detected for diameter at breast height (d.b.h.), stem form and survival and between provenances within these zones for height, d.b.h., volume and survival. Provenances from the dry zone had higher growth rates than those from the wet zone. Genetic correlations among ages for these traits were positive but not significant, while ranking of provenances based on growth and survival changed significantly from five to 23 years of age, indicating that measuring traits at five years of age may not be a good predictor of the same traits at 23 years of age. Genetic correlations on growth traits measured at the same age were large and significant, suggesting substantial gains could be made through indirect trait selection. At 23 years of age the La Fortuna provenance performed best for all traits, while Nueva Guinea performed worst for growth traits and survival and Tres Piedras for stem form. The species’ poor growth compared to that of other tropical tree species at the same experimental site suggests that C. alliodora is not the best silvicultural option for the Luiz Antonio region.
Swiss Stone Pine Provenance Experiment in Romania: II Variation in Growth and Branching Traits to Age 14
Authors: Blada I. , Popescu F. 
Published: October 2017

Summary
After the nursery testing, twelve Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) provenances from the Alps and Carpathian Mountains were planted out at two sites located at high elevation in the Southern and Northern Carpathians. Total height growth (H), annual height growth (h), root collar diameter (RCD), branches per whorl (BW) and survival (SV) were measured and analyzed. Analysis of variance showed highly significant (p < 0.01; p < 0.001) differences between provenances for all traits, except survival, suggesting that selection at the provenance level could be possible. Also, over locations analysis revealed significant genotype x environment interaction, demonstrating that some provenances react differently to environmental conditions and, selection should take this into account. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was moderate for growth and high for number of branches per whorl suggesting that selection within provenance can also be applied. Finding of significant and highly significant age-age and trait-trait phenotypic correlations indicated that early and indirect selection in Swiss stone pine species is possible. According to DUNCAN’s multiple range test the best performing provenances of the two mountain ranges were selected for operational planting and breeding programmes. The results of this study validate that a very slow growing species, such as Swiss stone pine may still possess very high genetic variation in growth rate; consequently, this trait can be improved. Finally, an attempt has been made to develop a seed transfer guidelines for the species by using the pattern of geographic variation as a basis.
Comparative Analysis of Karyotypes from the Strezelecki Ranges Race of the Complex Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ssp. globulus (Myrtaceae) and a Population in Central-Southern Chile
Authors: Espejo Cardemil J. , Baeza Perry C. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThis study presents information on karyotypes of the Strezelecki Ranges race, referred to in previous studies as Jeerelangs (Victoria, Australia), of the complex Eucalyptus globulus. ssp globulus and another from Central- Southern Chile (Contulmo). The chromosomes counted (2n = 22) are fairly small-sized and found within the size ranges reported by other authors. The chromosome measurements, done with the Micromeasure program, indicate that the Strezelecki Ranges lineage has a relatively large genome (Total Chromosome Length = 8.94%) as compared to measurements of local lineages (Chile). This could be explained by genetic recombinations resulting from the successive hybridizations reported for this race. The data obtained for both lineages reveal a set of markedly metacentric chromosomes with a centromeric index between 0.44 and 0.46.
Positioning of Sex-Correlated Markers for Populus in a AFLP- and SSR-Marker Based Genetic Map of Populus tremula x tremuloides
Authors: Markussen T. , Pakull B. , Fladung M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A preliminary consensus map of Populus tremula x tremuloides has been constructed from an interspecific hybrid population of 66 seedlings of the cross Brauna 11 (P. tremula) x Turresson 141 (P. tremuloides). The map was constructed based on 205 AFLP- and 29 SSR-markers covering 1875cM on 19 linkage groups. A single locus correlating to sex in Populus was mapped close to two AFLP-markers. The map will be used as a starting point for the identification of sex-related genes or molecular markers and their fine mapping based on a BAC-library screening.
Studies on Cytogenetical Variation in Prosopis cineraria (Linn.) Druce – A Key Stone Tree Species of Indian Desert
Authors: Rawat D. , Kumar A. , Rao S. R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Prosopis cineraria (Mimosaceae) is an important tree of agro-forestry and ethano- botanical importance with multipurpose utility as wood yielding, fodder, food and medicinal uses. Some remarkable features are observed in the form of phenotypic variation in various populations inhabiting different regions of the Indian desert. To asses these variations male meiotic studies were conducted in ten different accessions collected from four proviences of Rajasthan, India. Analysis of data on chromosome associations, chiasma frequency and their distributions pattern concluded that the somatic chromosome number of P. cineraria is 2n = 2x = 28. The complete absence of accessory chromosomes (B) and percentage of pollen stainability indicates an over all genomic stability in P. cineraria. Numerical changes like aneuploidy might have played an important role in origin and adoptation of P. cineraria against all the odds of the climatic condition of the Indian desert.