bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un schématisme pratique de l’imagination
Authors: Beaubois Vincent 
Published: February 2016

Dans Du mode d’existence des objets techniques (1958), Gilbert Simondon développe une pensée originale du « schème » en lien avec la problématique de l’invention technique : les schèmes sont au principe de l’évolution des formes techniques en tant qu’ils caractérisent le devenir des lignées techniques. Dans Imagination et Invention (1965-1966), il relie la question de l’invention à celle de l’imagination productrice. Reconstruisant les relations existant entre le fonctionnement de cette imagination et ce schématisme technique — à la lumière notamment de la psychologie empirique de la fin du xixe siècle et de la pensée bergsonienne —, nous chercherons à identifier, chez Simondon, un schématisme de l’imagination original qui s’éloigne de sa version kantienne : il n’est pas soumission de l’expérience au pouvoir de l’esprit, mais ouverture de la pensée depuis une participation pratique et opératoire aux choses qui nous entourent.
An Audit of Requests for Fresh Frozen Plasma in a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Lingegowda Jyothi B , Jeyakumar Joshua Daniel , Muddegowda Prakash H , Pitchai R , Gopal Niranjan , Sinha Pammy 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Aim: To audit the fresh frozen plasma (FFP) usage with an insight into various guidelines.
Materials and Methods: The blood bank records pertaining to FFP usage in patients admitted in our medical college hospital were retrospectively reviewed for 2 years for usage of FFP in various departments and evaluated for appropriateness of usage based on various guidelines, which included the 2013 guidelines published by the National Health and Medical Research Council and the Australasian Society for Blood Transfusion.
Results: A total of 785 units of FFPs were transfused to 207 patients during the study period. The appropriate usage was found to be 59.3%, and the usage was most appropriate in massive transfusions.
Conclusion: This study highlights the nonadherence to guidelines among clinicians which is mainly due to lack of knowledge of appropriate usage.
Prevalence of Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci Groups A, C, and G in Patients with Acute Pharyngitis
Authors: Naik Trupti B , Nadagir Shobha D , Biradar Asmabegaum 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Context: Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GAS) is the most frequently isolated pathogen in acute pharyngitis. However, the role of Group C (GCS) and Group G (GGS) streptococci in disease burden is under recognized. The present study is carried out to find out the prevalence of acute pharyngitis caused by the different serogroups of streptococci and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of these streptococcal isolates.
Study and Design: A cross sectional study.
Materials and Methods: A total of 218 throat swabs from patients with acute pharyngitis and 82 from healthy controls were collected and processed as per standard protocol. Samples were inoculated on blood agar and Streptococcus selective agar. Isolates were identifi ed by the conventional method and serogrouped by latex agglutination test using Remel Streptex kit.
Results: Beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) were isolated from 34 (15.59%) of pharyngitis patients and 11 (13.41%) of the healthy carrier. Among pharyngitis, GAS was isolated from 20 (9.17%), GCS 7 (3.21%), and GGS 7 (3.21%) patients. Carriage rate of GAS was 6 (7.31%) and GCS, 5 (6.09%). Vancomycin (100%), amoxyclavulanic acid (90%), levofloxacin (85%), and cephotaxime (80%) were found to be most effective antibiotics. Comparatively, higher drug resistance was observed among GCS and GGS to all the drugs used in the study except for levofloxacin.
Conclusions: Although rate of pharyngitis associated with GCS and GGS is marginally lower than GAS, their carriage rate among healthy and relative higher drug resistance emphasizes the need for periodic surveillance of infection by the different serogroups of BHS.
Community Acquired Enterococcal Urinary Tract Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Profile in North India
Authors: Goel Varun , Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Rajendra , Mathur Purva , Singh Sarman 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain a major problem both in hospitalized and outdoor patients. Multidrug-resistant enterococci are emerging as a major nosocomial pathogen with increasing frequency. However, the incidence of community-acquired enterococcal infections and species prevalent in India is not thoroughly investigated.
Objectives: This study aims to estimate the burden of community-acquired UTIs seen at a tertiary care hospital and to identify the Enterococcus species isolated from these patients. The study also aims to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern with reference to high-level aminoglycosides and vancomycin.
Materials and Methods: Semi-quantitative cultures from a total of 22,810 urine samples obtained from patients seen at various Outpatient Departments were analyzed. From them 115 nonduplicate isolates of enterococci were obtained as significant pure growth (>105 cfu/ml) and speciated. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Vancomycin resistance screening was performed by the vancomycin screen agar method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and confirmed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration by agar dilution method.
Results: Of 115 enterococcal isolates, 61 were identified as Enterococcus faecalis, 42 as Enterococcus faecium, 3 each as Enterococcus dispar, and Enterococcus pseudoavium. High-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) was higher in E. faecium (47.6%) than E. faecalis (32.7%) and HLSR also showed the same pattern with 47.6% and 27.9% resistance, respectively. Vancomycin resistant enterococci accounted for 11.3% of the isolates, and out of them 53.8% were E. faecium by agar dilution method.
Conclusion: High rate of resistance to antibiotics of penicillin group and aminoglycosides was observed in our tertiary care hospital even in community acquired UTIs. Hence, there is an urgent need for more rational and restricted use of antimicrobials.
Current understandings about cognition and the neurobiological correlates in schizophrenia
Authors: Kar Sujita Kumar , Jain Meha 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTSchizophrenia is a severe mental disorder. Cognitive deficits are one of the core features of schizophrenia. Multiple domains of cognition (executive function, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal fluency, visuospatial skills, processing speed, and social cognition) are affected in patients with schizophrenia. Deficits in cognition led to impairment in the real world functioning. Identifying the cognitive deficits and early intervention is required for better functional outcome. This review focuses on conceptual understanding of cognition with its neurobiological correlates in schizophrenia and its different clinical implications.
Intramedullary mature teratoma of the conus medullaris
Authors: Oktay Kadir , Cetinalp Eralp Nuri , Ozsoy Kerem Mazhar , Olguner Semih Kivanc , Sarac Mustafa Emre , Vural Sakir Berat 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTTeratoma is a tumor that derivatives from all three primitive germ layers and spinal intramedullary teratomas are very rare lesions. The primary treatment modality for these tumors is surgical resection, and total resection should be the aim. However, subtotal resection is a valid alternative to prevent traumatizing adjacent functional neural tissue. In this report, we presented a case of a 12-year-old male patient with spinal teratoma of the conus medullaris. We describe the presentation, evaluation, and treatment of this rare disease.
Hindi translation of Berlin questionnaire and its validation as a screening instrument for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Gupta Ravi , Ali Ramjan , Dhyani Mohan , Das Sourav , Pundir Ashwini 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a fairly common problem with adverse health consequences. However, any screening questionnaire is not available in Hindi to screen sleep apnea. Materials and Methods: Subjects undergoing video-synchronized in laboratory attended polysomnography were requested to participate in this study. They were screened with the help of Hindi version of Berlin questionnaire (BQ). Outcome of the BQ was tested against the gold standard polysomnography. Descriptive statistics, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of Hindi version were calculated. Results: 38 patients with polysomnography diagnosed OSA and 12 controls were included in this study. Average body mass index (BMI) in the OSA group was 33.12 + 6.66 kg/m2 whereas in the control group BMI was 25.01 + 4.20 kg/m2. Average age in the OSA group was 48.9 + 10.2 years whereas the control group was older (56.9 + 12.1 years). Hindi version had sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 58%. PPV of the instrument was 0.87 whereas NPV was 0.63. Conclusion: Hindi version of BQ is a valid tool for screening the OSA irrespective of the literacy status of the subjects.
Clinical profile and functional disability of patients with migraine
Authors: Renjith Vishnu , Pai Mamatha Shivananda , Castelino Flavia , Pai Aparna , George Anice 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Migraine is a common disabling primary headache disorder. Globally, migraine was ranked as the seventh highest cause of disability. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the clinical profile and functional disability of patients with migraine. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the neurology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Karnataka. Materials and Methods: Using a consecutive sampling technique, 60 patients were recruited for the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Majority of the participants were in the age group of 18–40 years with a mean age 35.22 years. There was a female preponderance with 70% of study participants being females. The various symptoms experienced by patients include throbbing pain (90%), photophobia (93.3%), phonophobia (85%), nausea (76.7%), and vomiting (41.7%). Most of the subjects (73.3%) under the study belonged to moderate to severe levels of functional disability. About 53.3% of patients were in the category of episodic migraine and 46.7% were in the category of chronic migraine. Conclusion: Migraine is associated with moderate to severe functional disability. Frequency of migraine has a positive correlation with the levels of disability/migraine disability assessment scores of migraineurs.
Relationship between resting and action tremors in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Rana Abdul Qayyum , Saleh Mohamad 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the relationship between resting tremor (RT) and action tremor (AT) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Methods: A retrospective study of RT and AT severity was conducted in 100 PD patients. The severity rating for each type of tremor in the upper extremities was assessed. The disparity in tremor severity between extremities for each tremor type was compared to that of the other two to identify commonalities in the laterality of the tremor manifestation. Results: Overall, RT is predictive of AT on the same side, but not the opposing side of the body. Patients with less intense resting right upper limb (RRU) tremor and moderately intense RRU tremor were significantly more likely to have an action right upper limb (ARU) tremor (−1.53, P = 0.020; −1.88, P = 0.005, respectively). Similarly, patients with less intense resting left upper limb (RLU) tremor and moderately intense RLU tremors were significantly more likely to have an action left upper limb (ALU) tremor (−3.49, P = 0.000; −1.86, P = 0.017, respectively). In addition, RRU and ALU tremors were associated with an increase in RLU and ARU tremors, respectively. Conclusion: Tremors are common findings in PD patients, and often impair quality of life. By identifying and classifying the relationship between resting and ATs in PD patients, our study sheds light onto the importance of better understanding and future management of this debilitating symptomology.
Colistin and tigecycline for management of external ventricular device-related ventriculitis due to multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Shrestha Gentle Sunder , Tamang Sushil , Paneru Hem Raj , Shrestha Pramesh Sunder , Keyal Niraj , Acharya Subhash Prasad , Marhatta Moda Nath , Shilpakar Sushil 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important cause of nosocomial ventriculitis associated with external ventricular device (EVD). It is frequently multidrug resistant (MDR), carries a poor outcome, and is difficult to treat. We report a case of MDR Acinetobacter ventriculitis treated with intravenous and intraventricular colistin together with intravenous tigecycline. The patient developed nephrotoxicity and poor neurological outcome despite microbiological cure. Careful implementation of bundle of measures to minimize EVD-associated ventriculitis is valuable.
White matter changes in Wilson’s disease: A radiological enigma
Authors: Mukherjee Soumava , Solanki Bhavesh , Guha Goutam , Saha Shankar Prasad 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTWilson's disease is a metabolic disorder which presents with hepatitis or hepatic decompensation commonly. Neurologic manifestations are late and include movement disorders, personality changes, and seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain shows high signal changes in putamen, lentiform nucleus, thalamus, and brainstem. White matter lesions are rare. We report a child of Wilson's disease who presented to us with dystonia, rigidity, myoclonus and had symmetrical white matter changes in the fronto-parietooccipital region. Diffusion restriction in bilateral frontoparietal areas was also seen which is rare in chronic cases like ours. Atypical MRI characteristics should be considered in patients with clinical signs of neurological involvement in Wilson's disease as it is a devastating but treatable disease.
Relationship of cognitive function and adjustment difficulties among children and adolescents with dissociative disorder
Authors: Ranjan Rajeev , Mehta Manju , Sagar Rajesh , Sarkar Siddharth 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Although it has been suggested that children and adolescents with dissociative disorder have some cognitive deficits, the association of these cognitive impairments with adjustment difficulties has not been evaluated. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between cognitive functioning and adjustment difficulties in children and adolescents with dissociative disorder. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive assessment was carried out in the outpatient setting of child and adolescent psychiatric service in a tertiary care hospital. Fifty newly diagnosed children and adolescents with dissociative disorder were included. The cognitive functions were assessed by varied neuropsychological tests, and Bell’s adjustment inventory was used for assessing various domains of adjustment. Results: The mean age of the sample which comprised 40% males was 13.0 (±2.4) years. The mean intelligence quotient (IQ) of the sample was 90.6. Impairment in cognitive test was maximum for verbal working memory followed by sustained attention, visual learning and memory, and verbal retention and recall. Adjustment difficulties were greatest in the domains of self, followed by domains of health, school, and family. Significant association was found between the IQ and adjustment in school; visual learning and memory and adjustments in school and overall adjustment; and sustained attention and adjustment of health. Conclusions: Dissociative children have poor cognitive ability which may be related to poor adjustment scores.
Evaluation of anterior third of superior sagittal sinus in normal population: Identifying the subgroup with dominant drainage
Authors: Sahoo Sushanta K. , Ghuman Mandeep S. , Salunke Pravin , Vyas Sameer , Bhar Rahat , Khandelwal N. K. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Background/Object: The ligation and transection of anterior third of superior sagittal sinus (AT-SSS) is an important step to approach anterior skull base lesions. Some clinical studies have shown frontal lobe venous infarct following such surgical procedures questioning the safety of its ligation. We have studied the variations in venous drainage patterns to AT-SSS in the normal population using postcontrast magnetic resonance venogram (MRV). A novel scoring system to recognize the subgroup with dominant venous drainage from frontal lobes has been described. Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 three-dimensional contrast-enhanced (CE) MRVs were obtained from those cases being evaluated for a headache not harboring any intracranial mass lesion. The AT-SSS with all its draining veins was studied in detail. Morphology of individual veins such as length, caliber, tributaries, and angulation with AT-SSS was studied, and a numerical value of 0 or 1 was assigned for each of the above parameters. Summing up these scores derived from the individual cortical veins quantified the drainage of AT-SSS. Results: There are 3–4 veins on either side draining to AT-SSS. Barely, 3% of the veins had > 3 tributaries. Only 6.6% of veins had a caliber >3 mm, and 16.5% drained at acute angles to AT-SSS. About 26% of the veins did cross at least half of the lateral frontal lobe. We found in 26 individuals the AT-SSS score was 0–2, in 22 it was 3–5 and, in only in 12 (20%) the score was 6 or more (dominant drainage). Conclusion: There are anatomical variations in venous drainage of frontal lobes into AT-SSS. Those with dominant drainage are likely to develop venous congestion and complications if sacrificed. It is possible to identify these individuals on the basis of venous drainage pattern as shown in CE-MRV.
La negatividad en las informaciones políticas de los medios españoles
Authors: Berganza Conde María Rosa , Arcila Calderón Carlos , De Miguel Pascual Roberto 
Published: February 2016

Una gran cantidad de estudios vinculan el grado de negatividad de las informaciones políticas con la apatía y el desinterés de la ciudadanía hacia la política y la clase política (teoría de la espiral del cinismo). Metodología: Este estudio analiza el nivel de negatividad mediante un análisis de contenido cuantitativo de un total de 563 piezas informativas procedentes de 10 medios españoles (3 periódicos, 2 cadenas nacionales de televisión y 5 medios online). Se estudia su variabilidad en función de las características del medio y de la información a través de un índice que incluye indicadores de tonalidad, conflictividad, incapacidad y caracterización elaborados por Leanguer, Esser y Berganza (2012). Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados confirman que los medios españoles muestran las informaciones políticas en términos negativos, aunque con niveles inferiores a otros países europeos. Tienen más negatividad las piezas sobre temas controvertidos, producidas en formatos de mayor implicación y publicadas en medios impresos y de titularidad privada.
Análisis empírico de las dinámicas de remediación entre televisión e internet en España: discursos de receptores
Authors: Alonso Elisa , Broullón Lozano Manuel A. , Lamuedra-Graván María 
Published: February 2016

Este trabajo se centra en analizar las posibilidades y ámbitos de participación ciudadana en la esfera pública que se desprenden de las dinámicas de remediación entre televisión e internet, particularmente en lo que respecta a las tendencias de expansión y convergencia entre ambos medios. En el escenario actual, la pugna entre televisión e internet se pone de manifiesto en el consumo de los receptores, así como en sus discursos. Objetivo: Conocer la percepción que tienen los receptores en España de la televisión, ya sea en su formato tradicional o por medio de otros cauces y prácticas, así como identificar sus patrones de consumo y determinar en qué medida dichos receptores conocen y utilizan las segundas pantallas y los medios interactivos, o participan en las mismos. Metodología: Siguiendo una metodología cualitativa, basada en 4 grupos de discusión y 2 entrevistas individuales realizadas en España, se ha recabado un amplio espectro de opiniones de un total de 26 sujetos. Resultados y conclusiones: Salvo en los sujetos de mayor edad (más de 65 años), prevalecen las dinámicas de expansión sobre las de convergencia, es decir, los sujetos han añadido otros soportes al consumo de televisión en formato tradicional (especialmente internet y, en concreto, web social 2.0), hasta el punto de sustituirlo parcial o casi totalmente en algunos casos. Sin embargo, o bien desconocen o bien no suelen hacer uso de los mecanismos de participación e interacción que incorporan las transmisiones televisivas.
Modeling study of the 2010 regional haze event in the North China Plain
Authors: Gao M. , Carmichael G. R. , Wang Y. , Saide P. E. , Yu M. , Xin J. , Liu Z. , Wang Z. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The online coupled Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model was applied to simulate a haze event that happened in January 2010 in the North China Plain (NCP), and was validated against various types of measurements. The evaluations indicate that WRF-Chem provides reliable simulations for the 2010 haze event in the NCP. This haze event was mainly caused by high emissions of air pollutants in the NCP and stable weather conditions in winter. Secondary inorganic aerosols also played an important role and cloud chemistry had important contributions. Air pollutants outside Beijing contributed about 64.5 % to the PM2.5 levels in Beijing during this haze event, and most of them are from south Hebei, Tianjin city, Shandong and Henan provinces. In addition, aerosol feedback has important impacts on surface temperature, relative humidity (RH) and wind speeds, and these meteorological variables affect aerosol distribution and formation in turn. In Shijiazhuang, Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) decreased about 278.2 m and PM2.5 increased more than 20 µg m−3 due to aerosol feedback. It was also shown that black carbon (BC) absorption has significant impacts on meteorology and air quality changes, indicating more attention should be paid to BC from both air pollution control and climate change perspectives.