bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Deposition of Transition‐Metal Oxides from Metal Enolates
Authors: Lang Heinrich , Adner David , Georgi Colin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This chapter is an update of part of a review published by our group elsewhere in Patai's Series; in addition, in this volume, chapters present the recent advances in the deposition of metals and oxides of main‐group metals and rare‐earth elements, all derived from metal enolates.
Metal oxides are essential as common inorganic crude materials, possessing a manifold portfolio of applications because of their singular physical and chemical properties. Metal oxides are formed by straight vaporization from metal oxide sources, by evaporation of metals in an oxidizing atmosphere, or via wet chemistry, for example, the sol‐gel process. Their industrial use includes protective coatings, electrical insulator materials, gate oxides, transparent conductors, piezoelectric materials, battery electrode materials, electrochromic devices, optical filters, laser‐active media, wide‐bandgap semiconductors, solar absorbers, and many others.
Adaptive observer for nonlinear fractional‐order systems
Authors: N'doye Ibrahima , Laleg‐Kirati Taous‐Meriem , Darouach Mohamed , Voos Holger 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIn this paper, an adaptive observer is proposed for the joint estimation of states and parameters of a fractional nonlinear system with external perturbations. The convergence of the proposed observer is derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) by using an indirect Lyapunov method.The proposed
adaptive observer is also robust against Lipschitz additive nonlinear uncertainty. The performance of the observer is illustrated through some examples including the chaotic Lorenz and Lü's systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethics, International Affairs and Western Double Standards
Authors: Thakur Ramesh 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe stability of the global order is a function of the reconciliation between universal ethical principles and power asymmetries. Both principles and power are embedded in international institutions. As relative power shifts away from the West, the ability of the latter to exempt themselves from the reach of global norms—on human rights, international criminal justice, the rule of law, the use of force, the possession of nuclear weapons—will lessen. They will have to accommodate to the new normal either by bringing their conduct within the operation of international normative instruments, or else risk mass defections from global regimes. The relative loss of power means they have a material interest in strengthening, not weakening, a rules‐based global order.
Coronary plaques with near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Danek B. A. , Karatasakis A. , Karacsonyi J. , Alame A. , Kalsaria P. , Resendes E. , Rangan B. V. , Banerjee S. , Brilakis E. S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCoronary near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an intravascular imaging modality with high sensitivity and specificity for lipid core plaque detection. A combined modality catheter that coregisters NIRS measurements with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is available, providing the operator with both structural and compositional data. NIRS/IVUS can identify plaques at risk for periprocedural myocardial infarction during stenting, allowing implementation of preventive strategies. NIRS/IVUS is currently being studied for identification of vulnerable plaques and vulnerable patients at risk of future cardiovascular events.Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/4279887/Activity.aspx
Pathologic correlates in stable coronary plaques. Traditional and novel insights from pathology
Authors: Lutter C. , Joner M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) remains the most common cause of death overall and is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide . Although huge advances in medical therapy have been made within the last decades, the number of worldwide deaths due to CAD will further increase according to current forecasts . Based on the knowledge and understanding of CAD which cardiovascular research has provided over the last decades, patient care has made substantial progress in daily clinical practice. Although the implementation and further refinement of invasive treatment techniques have paved the way for revolutionary concepts especially in the setting of acute coronary syndromes, a true mortality benefit after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of stable lesions has not been shown to date, which may partly be explained by incomplete understanding of atherosclerotic lesion progression underlying the symptomatic presentation of patients with CAD. Therefore, the following review focuses on traditional knowledge and novel concepts of stable atherosclerotic coronary plaque progression from a pathological point of view, to provide a foundation for future technological refinements and novel therapeutic approaches.Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/4279927/Activity.aspx
A DFT Insight into Hashmi Phenol Synthesis Catalyzed by M6@Au32 (M=Ag, Cu, Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh) Core–Shell Nanoclusters
Authors: Yang Miao , Chen Zhongzhu , Luo Yafei , Zhang Jin , He Rongxing , Shen Wei , Tang Dianyong , Li Ming 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Hashmi phenol synthesis reaction (the ω‐alkynylfuran cycloisomerization) catalyzed by the M6@Au32 (M=Ag, Cu, Pd, Pt, Ru, and Rh) core–shell nanoclusters was investigated systematically. The 5‐exo Friedel–Crafts‐type mechanism of the ω‐alkynylfuran cycloisomerization on the six core–shell nanoclusters was analyzed in details. The adsorption property and catalytic activity of the Au38 nanocluster could be effectively tuned by the substitution of the core Au atoms. The adsorption properties of alkynes on core–shell and Au38 clusters depended on four factors, including the numbers of unoccupied and occupied d orbitals, orientation of d orbital and d‐bonding down‐shift. Compared with the Au38 cluster, the core–shell nanoclusters could cause larger changes in the interaction energies between the substrate and cluster fragments, which are beneficial for facilitating the cyclization step and the ring closing of the dienone carbene–gold intermediate. In addition, according to the calculated results, the catalytic activity of Au38 can be tuned by substitution of the core gold atoms.
Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane over Cobalt‐Nickel Bimetal‐Doped Ordered Mesoporous Alumina Catalysts with Advanced Catalytic Performances
Authors: Xu Leilei , Wang Fagen , Chen Mindong , Zhang Jian , Yuan Kaidi , Wang Liangjun , Wu Kai , Xu Guoqin , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCo‐Ni bimetal‐doped ordered mesoporous Al2O3 composite oxides with different Co/(Co+Ni) ratios were designed and fabricated by a one‐pot evaporation‐induced self‐assembly method. The obtained materials, which had an ordered mesostructure and outstanding thermal stability, were investigated as catalysts for the CO2 reforming of CH4. The effects of the Co/(Co+Ni) molar ratios and ordered mesostructure on the catalytic performances were investigated systematically. The ordered mesoporous Co‐Ni bimetallic catalysts exhibited both higher catalytic activities and better anticoke properties than the corresponding monometallic materials because of the Co‐Ni synergistic effect. Furthermore, the ordered mesostructure could promote the catalytic performances significantly by providing gaseous reactants with enough accessible metallic active centers and stabilizing the metallic nanoparticles through the confinement effect of the mesoporous framework. As a result, these mesoporous Co‐Ni bimetallic catalysts had more enhanced catalytic properties and anticoke ability than traditional supported catalysts toward the CO2 reforming of CH4, which promises a series of potential catalyst candidates.
Human immunodeficiency virus lymphomas in the era of antiretrovirals: Is it finally time to change the discussion?
Authors: Gunthel Clifford J. , Lechowicz Mary Jo 
Published: June 2016

Currently, clinicians involved in the treatment of and research regarding lymphoma may want to look toward achieving the goal of a dual cure of human immunodeficiency virus and cancer in patients with lymphoma. In addition, the difficult issues of health care disparities, disease prevention, and long‐term survivorship need to be addressed in this population.See also pages 2689‐97
How many object colors can we distinguish? A comment on prof. Kuehni
Authors: Flinkman Mika , Laamanen Hannu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis is a comment on Prof. Rolf G. Kuehni's article, How Many Object Colors Can We Distinguish? We give a reasoning why the previously calculated estimates for the number of discernible colors are valid, apart from the possible deviations caused by uncertainty of JND and non‐uniformity of color space, without correcting them with a coefficient proposed by Kuehni. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2016
Static and Dynamic Studies on LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2‐Based Suspensions for Semi‐Solid Flow Batteries
Authors: Biendicho Jordi Jacas , Flox Cristina , Sanz Laura , Morante Joan Ramon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(LNCM)‐based suspensions for semi‐solid flow batteries (SSFB) have been investigated by galvanostatic charge/discharge an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The resistance and electrochemical performance of half cells (vs. Li/Li+) as well as the rheological properties are affected by the content of a commercially available electroconductive carbon black [KetjenBlack (KB), AkzoNobel] in the suspensions. In static conditions, a cell with 11.87 and 13.97 % by volume of KB and LNCM delivers high capacity 130 mA h g−1at 5 mA cm−2, respectively, and a coulombic efficiency of 90 % over 10 injections. The impedance of half cells is dominated by a contact resistance fitted with a resistor and a constant phase element (CPE) in parallel. In flow conditions, cell potential depends on applied current density and measured over potentials are ∼0.3 and 0.7 V for 0.33 and 1 mA cm−2, respectively, for a cell containing a suspension with 9.53 % in volume of KB and 13.90 % in volume of LNCM. The effect of the cell contact resistance on the electrochemical performance is discussed.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Oxygenates using Earth‐Abundant Transition‐Metal Nanoparticles under Mild Conditions
Authors: Carroll Kyler J. , Burger Thomas , Langenegger Lukas , Chavez Steven , Hunt Sean T. , Román‐Leshkov Yuriy , Brushett Fikile R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractElectrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) is a sustainable pathway for the synthesis of value‐added organic compounds, provided affordable catalysts with high activity, selectivity and durability are developed. Here, we synthesize Cu/C, Ni/C, and CuNi/C nanoparticles and compare their performance to Pt/C, Ru/C, PtRu/C for the ECH of hydroxyacetone, a bio‐derived feedstock surrogate containing a carbonyl and a hydroxyl functional group. The non‐precious metal electrocatalysts show promising conversion‐time behavior, product selectivities, and Faradaic efficiencies. Ni/C forms propylene glycol with a selectivity of 89 % (at 80 % conversion), while Cu/C catalyzes ECH (52 % selectivity) and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO, 48 % selectivity, accounting for evaporation). CuNi/C shows increased turnover frequencies but reduced ECH selectivity (80 % at 80 % conversion) as compared to the Ni/C catalyst. Importantly, stability studies show that the non‐precious metal catalysts do not leach at operating conditions.
Blends of a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity and Partially Sulfonated Polyphenylenesulfone for Gas Separation
Authors: Yong Wai Fen , Lee Zhi Kang , Chung Tai‐Shung , Weber Martin , Staudt Claudia , Maletzko Christian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPolyphenylenesulfone (PPSU) and sulfonated polyphenylenesulfone (sPPSU) are widely used for liquid separations in the medical and food industries. However, their potential applications for gas separation have not been studied extensively owing to their low intrinsic gas permeability. We report here for the first time that blending with sPPSU can significantly improve the gas separation performance of highly permeable polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), specifically PIM‐1, because of the strong molecular interactions of the sulfonic acid groups of sPPSU with CO2 and O2. In addition, a novel co‐solvent system has been discovered to overcome the immiscibility of these polymers. The presence of a higher degree of sulfonation in sPPSU results in better gas separation performance of the blend membranes close to or above the Robeson upper bound lines for O2/N2, CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separations. Interestingly, the blend membranes have comparable gas selectivity to sPPSU even though their sPPSU content is only 5–20 wt %. Moreover, they also display improved anti‐plasticization properties up to 30 atm (3 MPa) using a binary CO2/CH4 feed gas. The newly developed PIM‐1/sPPSU membranes are potential candidates for air separation, natural gas separation, and CO2 capture.
By‐Product Carrying Humidified Hydrogen: An Underestimated Issue in the Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride
Authors: Petit Eddy , Miele Philippe , Demirci Umit B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCatalyzed hydrolysis of sodium borohydride generates up to four molecules of hydrogen, but contrary to what has been reported so far, the humidified evolved gas is not pure hydrogen. Elemental and spectroscopic analyses show, for the first time, that borate by‐products pollute the stream as well as the vessel.
Batch and Flow Synthesis of Disulfides by Visible‐Light‐Induced TiO2 Photocatalysis
Authors: Bottecchia Cecilia , Erdmann Nico , Tijssen Patricia M. A. , Milroy Lech‐Gustav , Brunsveld Luc , Hessel Volker , Noël Timothy 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA mild and practical method for the preparation of disulfides through visible‐light‐induced photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of thiols has been developed. The method involves the use of TiO2 as a heterogeneous photocatalyst. The catalyst's high stability and recyclability makes this method highly practical. The reaction can be substantially accelerated in a continuous‐flow packed‐bed reactor, which enables a safe and reliable scale‐up of the reaction conditions. The batch and flow protocol described herein can be applied to a diverse set of thiol substrates for the preparation of homo‐ and hetero‐dimerized disulfides. Furthermore, biocompatible reaction conditions (i.e., room temperature, visible light, neutral buffer solution, and no additional base) have been developed, which permits the rapid and chemoselective modification of densely functionalized peptide substrates without recourse to complex purification steps.
Coexistence of eating disorders and autoimmune diseases: Record linkage cohort study, UK
Authors: Wotton Clare J. , James Anthony , Goldacre Michael J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveRecent research indicates that eating disorders (ED) are associated with type 1 diabetes and Crohn's disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether, in a hospitalized population, a range of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) occurred more often than expected in people with anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN), and whether AIDs elevated the risk of ED.MethodRetrospective, record‐linkage cohort study using national administrative statistical data on hospital care and mortality in England, 1999–2011. In people admitted when aged 10–44, cohorts of 8,700 females and 651 males with AN, and 4,783 females and 330 males with BN were constructed, along with a control cohort with the same age range. Results were expressed as risk ratios comparing each ED cohort with the control cohort.ResultsThe overall rate ratio for an AID after admission for AN was 2.04 (95% confidence interval 1.81–2.28) in females, and 1.14 (0.37–2.67) in males; and, for BN, 1.83 (1.56–2.14) in females, and 4.41 (2.11–8.10) in males. Rate ratios for AN after admission for an AID were 3.34 (2.94–3.79) in females, 3.76 (2.06–6.53) in males; and those for BN were 2.57 (2.22–2.97) in females, and 3.10 (1.50–5.90) in males. There were significant associations between ED and several specific individual AIDs.DiscussionStrong associations between ED and specific AIDs exist, although it is not possible from this study to determine if these are causal. Clinicians should be aware of the co‐occurrence of these conditions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:663–672)
Subgroup analyses of randomized clinical trials in heart failure: facts and numbers
Authors: Vidic Andrija , Chibnall John T. , Goparaju Niharika , Hauptman Paul J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSubgroup analyses of major randomized clinical trials in heart failure are published frequently, but their impact on medical knowledge and practice guidelines has not been previously reported. In a novel analysis, we determined number of citations, impact factors, number of authors, and citations in guidelines of both parent trials and sub‐studies; we also qualitatively assessed whether the analyses were described as post‐hoc and non‐pre‐specified. A total of 229 sub‐studies evaluating outcomes in patient subgroups were published (median 6, range 0–36 per trial). The number of subjects in the parent trials positively correlated with number of sub‐studies (rho = 0.51, P = 0.009). The subgroups are frequently not pre‐specified. The impact factors of sub‐studies were lower in comparison to the parent trials as were the number of citations two years after the publication date; in addition, parent trials were cited more frequently in European and American professional guidelines compared with the sub‐studies. We maintain that the sub‐studies derived from major heart failure trials are frequently published, but their contribution to clinical guidelines and medical knowledge are highly debatable.
Efficacy and tolerability of muscle relaxants for low back pain: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abdel Shaheed C. , Maher C.G. , Williams K.A. , McLachlan A.J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMuscle relaxants are commonly prescribed for low back pain (LBP); however, there is limited evidence of their clinical efficacy and tolerability. This review evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of muscle relaxants in people with LBP. We searched online databases including Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PsycINFO (inception to end October 2015) and performed citation tracking for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias of randomized controlled trials of muscle relaxants. Pain outcomes were converted to a common 0–100 scale. Data were pooled using a random effects model with strength of evidence assessed using GRADE. Fifteen trials (3362 participants) were evaluated in this review. A total of five trials (496 participants) provide high quality evidence that muscle relaxants provide clinically significant pain relief in the short term for acute LBP; MD −21.3, [−29.0, −13.5]. There was no information on long‐term outcomes. The median adverse event rate in clinical trials for muscle relaxants was similar to placebo 14.1% IQR (7.0–28.7%) and 16.0% (4.1–31.2%); p = 0.5, respectively. There is no evidence for the efficacy of benzodiazepines in LBP. For people with acute LBP, muscle relaxants provide clinically significant short‐term pain relief. For chronic LBP, the efficacy of muscle relaxants is largely unknown. There was no eligible RCT evidence to support the efficacy of benzodiazepines in LBP. Prolonged use of these medicines in LBP cannot be guided by trial evidence.What does this review add?Muscle relaxants provide clinically significant pain relief for acute low back pain. Caution must be taken with the interpretation of the findings as the evidence comes from specific muscle relaxant medicines.
Use of a Chemical‐Looping Reaction to Determine the Residence Time Distribution of Solids in a Circulating Fluidized Bed
Authors: Donat Felix , Hu Wenting , Scott Stuart A. , Dennis John S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe residence time distribution (RTD) of solids in various sections of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) is of great importance for design and operation but is often difficult to determine experimentally. A noninvasive method is described, for which the RTD was derived from temporal measurements of the temperature following the initiation of a chemical‐looping reaction. To demonstrate the method, a CuO‐based oxygen carrier was used in a small‐scale CFB, and measurements were made in the fuel reactor, operated as a bubbling fluidized bed. The measurements were fitted to the tanks‐in‐series model, modified to account for heat losses from the reactor. There was excellent agreement between the model and the experiment. Limitations and further improvements of the method are discussed, also with respect to larger reactors.
Classification of the epilepsies: New concepts for discussion and debate—Special report of the ILAE Classification Task Force of the Commission for Classification and Terminology
Authors: Scheffer Ingrid E. , French Jacqueline , Hirsch Edouard , Jain Satish , Mathern Gary W. , Moshé Solomon L , Perucca Emilio , Tomson Torbjorn , Wiebe Samuel , Zhang Yue‐Hua , Zuberi Sameer M. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe ILAE Task Force on Classification presents a road map for the development of an updated, relevant classification of the epilepsies. Our objective is to explain the process to date and the plan moving forward as well as to invite further discussion about the newly proposed terms and concepts. Here, we present our response to feedback about the 2010 Organization of the Epilepsies and clarify the reintroduction of the word “classification” to map out a framework for epilepsy diagnosis. We introduce some new concepts and suggest four diagnostic levels: seizure type, epilepsy category, epilepsy syndrome, and epilepsy with (specific) etiology to denote specific levels of diagnosis. We expand the etiological categories to six, focusing on those with treatment implications. Finally, we discuss the changes in terminology originally suggested and modifications in response to comments from the epilepsy community. We welcome feedback and discussion from the global epilepsy community, particularly for the new suggested terms, so that we can cement a classification that both reflects current thinking and scientific understanding and provides a dynamic, evolving framework.