bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of post‐adolescence acne and adolescence acne in Singapore: a 10‐year retrospective and comparative study
Authors: Han X.D. , Oon H.H. , Goh C.L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionAcne vulgaris commonly affects adolescents. But recent reports suggest a rising prevalence of post‐adolescence acne. While there are few reports on post‐adolescence acne, there are even fewer reports comparing adolescence acne and post‐adolescence.MethodsEpidemiological data of adolescence (<25 years) and post‐adolescence (≥25 years) acne patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2013 in a tertiary dermatology referral centre was analysed. From the pool of patients seen in 2010, 80 adolescence and 84 post‐adolescence acne patients’ epidemiological characteristics and treatment responses were analysed.ResultsDuring the 10‐year study period, there was an increase in the number and proportion of acne cases. In 2004, 4447 (5.77%) of all new diagnoses made were of acne vulgaris. The proportion rose to 5723 (8.13%) in 2013. There were consistently more female than male acne patients. The proportion of post‐adolescent cases remained constant at about 30% of all acne patients seen. Mean age of acne vulgaris patients decreased from 23.1 years in 2004 to 22.6 years in 2013. In the subgroup analysis, there were more males than females with adolescence acne (61.3% vs. 38.8%, P < 0.01) and more females with post‐adolescence acne (69.0% vs. 31.0%, P < 0.01). Thirty‐four (40.5%) post‐adolescence acne patients had acne from adolescence persisting into adulthood. Comedonal acne was more prevalent in the adolescence acne patients (58.8% vs. 40.5%, P = 0.019), whereas cystic acne was more prevalent in post‐adolescence patients (18.1% vs. 7.5%, P = 0.044). Systemic retinoids were more often used for treatment in the adolescence acne patients than post‐adolescence acne patients (23.8% vs. 10.7%, P = 0.027).ConclusionAcne predominantly affects adolescents but post‐adolescence acne is not uncommon. For post‐adolescence acne, females predominate over males. Inflammatory and cystic acne tends to be more predominant in post‐adolescence acne patients, whereas comedonal acne is more often seen in adolescence acne patients.
Clinical and molecular investigation of Buschke‐Fischer‐Brauer in consanguineous Tunisian families
Authors: Charfeddine C. , Ktaifi C. , Laroussi N. , Hammami H. , Jmel H. , Landoulsi Z. , Badri T. , Benmously R. , Bchetnia M. , Boubaker M.S. , Fenniche S. , Abdelhak S. , Mokni M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundPunctate palmoplantar keratoderma type I (PPPK‐BFB), also called Buschke‐Fischer‐Brauer disease (MIM 148600) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of keratinization, characterized by multiple hyperkeratotic lesions on the palms and soles. Recently, PPPK‐BFB has been shown to be associated with mutations in the AAGAB gene in several families of European, African, Canadian and Asian origins.ObjectiveTo characterize the clinical and genetic features of PPPK‐BFB in a broad group of Tunisian patients.MethodsEpidemiological and clinical data were collected from 18 PPPK‐BFB patients belonging to eight Tunisian families. We carried out mutational and structural analysis for families not previously investigated.ResultsSequencing of the remaining families identified a total of three different mutations in AAGAB gene: one founder mutation (c.348_349delAG, p.R116Sfs*1) specific to the inbred Tunisian population, one recurrent mutation and (c.370C>T, p.R124*) one novel variant (c.430C>G, p.E144K). This novel mutation, involving a conserved amino acid, is predicted to be probably damaging to the p34 protein function. Assessment of the phenotypic presentation of this group of Tunisian patients was marked by variable severity and varying age at onset with a possible presence of anticipation noted in five out of eight families (62.5%). There is no apparent genotype–phenotype correlation. Despite the high degree of inbreeding, no homozygous individuals for AAGAB mutations were observed. Homozygous carriers in AAGAB gene are likely non‐viable.ConclusionThis study contributes to further characterize PPPK‐BFB in consanguineous families and to extend the mutational spectrum of AAGAB gene in the Tunisian population.
A systematic review of tools for determining activity of localized scleroderma in paediatric and adult patients
Authors: Lis‐Święty A. , Janicka I. , Skrzypek‐Salamon A. , Brzezińska‐Wcisło L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLocalized scleroderma (LoS) is a rare inflammatory skin disorder that affects the dermis and sometimes subcutaneous tissues. LoS can have very long periods of quiescence followed by reactivation, but the progression or activity of the disease is difficult to measure. To review the measuring tools used for the evaluation of LoS activity, to choose the most appropriate technique to facilitate progress towards properly assessing the disease, a systematic review of the literature was carried out using the PubMedMEDLINE. Sixty‐three studies describing groups of children, adults or both were reviewed and included in the analysis. Case reports were excluded. The analysed papers were published between June 1986 and February 2016. Data were extracted with a focus on instruments measuring the clinical signs of LoS, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), laboratory tests and imaging techniques. Perusal of the literature confirmed that clinical characteristics of the lesions were used to identify activity and scoring systems that focused on a series of signs, and were initially validated in cases of childhood‐onset disease; however, there were no data concerning the adult‐onset form of the disease. Adult patients with LoS scored lower onHDLQIthan those with paediatric‐onset LoS. No validated biological markers were available as correlative laboratory parameters of LoS activity. For infrared thermography, ultrasound and other imaging techniques, the features of active lesions were described, but were only useful with appropriate clinical correlation. Measuring tools have not been prospectively validated yet. Summarizing, scoring methods seem to provide the most adequate assessment of LoS and deserve to be further investigated. Combined imaging techniques create optimal conditions for the proper interpretation of the temperature at the skin surface, as well as the structure and vascularity of LoS lesions. Additional scores, musculoskeletal or neuroimaging techniques and laboratory parameters are needed for the specific disease subtypes to monitor extracutaneous manifestations.
Loss of lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein attenuates the development of diet‐induced non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Jin Cheng Jun , Engstler Anna Janina , Ziegenhardt Doreen , Bischoff Stephan C , Trautwein Christian , Bergheim Ina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground and AimIt has been suggested in several studies that an increased translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and, subsequently, an activation of toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐dependent signaling pathways in the liver may contribute to the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.MethodsEight‐week‐old lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP)‐/‐ and wild‐type (WT) mice were pair fed either a liquid diet rich in fat, fructose, and cholesterol (Western‐style diet [WSD]) or a control liquid diet for 8 weeks. Parameters of liver injury, markers of TLR‐4‐dependent signaling pathway, and glucose/lipid metabolism were determined.ResultsDespite similar total caloric intake, weight gain, fasting blood glucose levels, and liver‐to‐bodyweight ratio, indices of liver damage determined by liver histology and transaminases were markedly lower in WSD‐fed LBP‐/‐ mice than in WSD‐fed WT animals. In line with these findings, number of neutrophils, F4/80 positive cells, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 were only found to be significantly increased in livers of WSD‐fed WT mice. While mRNA expressions of TLR‐4 and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 were similar between WSD‐fed groups, concentrations of inducible nitric oxide synthase protein and 4‐hydroxynonenal protein adducts were significantly higher in livers of WSD‐fed WT mice than in WSD‐fed LBP‐/‐ animals. Markers of lipid metabolism, for example, sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase per se, were significantly lower in livers of LBP‐/‐ mice; however, mRNA expressions did not differ between controls and WSD‐fed mice within the respective mouse strain.ConclusionTaken together, our results suggest that LBP is a critical factor in the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.
Role of purinergic P2X4 receptors in regulating striatal dopamine homeostasis and dependent behaviors
Authors: Khoja Sheraz , Shah Vivek , Garcia Damaris , Asatryan Liana , Jakowec Michael W. , Davies Daryl L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurinergic P2X4 receptors (P2X4Rs) belong to the P2X superfamily of ion channels regulated by ATP. We recently demonstrated that P2X4R knockout (KO) mice exhibited deficits in sensorimotor gating, social interaction, and ethanol drinking behavior. Dopamine (DA) dysfunction may underlie these behavioral changes, but there is no direct evidence for P2X4Rs’ role in DA neurotransmission. To test this hypothesis, we measured markers of DA function and dependent behaviors in P2X4R KO mice. P2X4R KO mice exhibited altered density of pre‐synaptic markers including tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter; post‐synaptic markers including dopamine receptors and phosphorylation of downstream targets including dopamine and cyclic‐AMP regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa and cyclic‐AMP‐response element binding protein in different parts of the striatum. Ivermectin, an allosteric modulator of P2X4Rs, significantly affected dopamine and cyclic AMP regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa and extracellular regulated kinase1/2 phosphorylation in the striatum. Sensorimotor gating deficits in P2X4R KO mice were rescued by DA antagonists. Using the 6‐hydroxydopamine model of DA depletion, P2X4R KO mice exhibited an attenuated levodopa (L‐DOPA)‐induced motor behavior, whereas ivermectin enhanced this behavior. Collectively, these findings identified an important role for P2X4Rs in maintaining DA homeostasis and illustrate how this association is important for CNS functions including motor control and sensorimotor gating.
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We propose that P2X4 receptors (P2X4Rs) regulate dopamine (DA) homeostasis and associated behaviors. Pre‐synaptic and post‐synaptic DA markers were significantly altered in the dorsal and ventral striatum of P2X4R KO mice, implicating altered DA neurotransmission. Sensorimotor gating deficits in P2X4R KO mice were rescued by DA antagonists. Ivermectin (IVM), a positive modulator of P2X4Rs, enhanced levodopa (L‐DOPA)‐induced motor behavior. These studies highlight potential interactions between P2X4Rs and DA system.
High diversity of Pseudo‐nitzschia along the northern coast of Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo), with descriptions of P. bipertita sp. nov. and P. limii sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae)
Authors: Teng Sing Tung , Tan Suh Nih , Lim Hong Chang , Dao Viet Ha , Bates Stephen S. , Leaw Chui Pin 
Published: July 2016

Forty‐eight isolates of Pseudo‐nitzschia species were established from the Miri coast of Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) and underwent TEM observation and molecular characterization. Ten species were found: P. abrensis, P. batesiana, P. fukuyoi, P. kodamae, P. lundholmiae, P. multistriata, P. pungens, P. subfraudulenta, as well as two additional new morphotypes, herein designated as P. bipertita sp. nov. and P. limii sp. nov. This is the first report of P. abrensis, P. batesiana, P. kodamae, P. fukuyoi, and P. lundholmiae in coastal waters of Malaysian Borneo. Pseudo‐nitzschia bipertita differs from its congeners by the number of sectors that divide the poroids, densities of band striae, and its cingular band structure. Pseudo‐nitzschia limii, a pseudo‐cryptic species in the P. pseudodelicatissima complex sensu lato, is distinct by having wider proximal and distal mantles, a higher number of striae, and greater poroid height in the striae of the valvocopula. The species were further supported by the phylogenetic reconstructions of the nuclear‐encoded large subunit ribosomal gene and the second internal transcribed spacer. Phylogenetically, P. bipertita clustered with its sister taxa (P. subpacifica + P. heimii); P. limii appears as a sister taxon to P. kodamae and P. hasleana in the ITS2 tree. Pairwise comparison of ITS2 transcripts with its closest relatives revealed the presence of both hemi‐ and compensatory base changes. Toxicity analysis showed detectable levels of domoic acid in P. abrensis, P. batesiana, P. lundholmiae, and P. subfraudulenta, but both new species tested below the detection limit.
Individual Responsibility and Economic Development: Evidence from Rainfall Data*
Authors: Davis Lewis 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis paper estimates the effect of individual responsibility on economic development using an instrument derived from rainfall data. I argue that a taste for collective responsibility was adaptive in preindustrial societies that were exposed to high levels of agricultural risk, and that these attitudes continue to influence contemporary social norms and economic outcomes. The link between agricultural risk and collective responsibility is formalized in a model of optimal parental socialization effort. Empirically, I find a robust negative correlation between rainfall variation, a measure of exogenous agricultural risk, and a measure of individual responsibility. Using rainfall variation as an instrument, I find that individual responsibility has a large positive effect on economic development. The relationships between rainfall variation, individual responsibility and economic development are robust to the inclusion of variables related to climate and agricultural and institutional development.
Boron abundances and isotopic ratios of olivine grains on Itokawa returned by the Hayabusa spacecraft
Authors: Fujiya Wataru , Hoppe Peter , Ott Ulrich 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report the B abundances and isotopic ratios of two olivine grains from the S‐type asteroid Itokawa sampled by the Hayabusa spacecraft. Olivine grains from the Dar al Gani (DaG) 989 LL6 chondrite were used as a reference. Since we analyzed polished thin sections in both cases, we expect the contribution from the solar wind B (rich in 10B) to be minimal because the solar wind was implanted only within very thin layers of the grain surface. The Itokawa and DaG 989 olivine grains have homogeneous B abundances (~400 ppb) and 11B/10B ratios compatible with the terrestrial standard and bulk chondrites. The observed homogeneous B abundances and isotopic ratios of the Itokawa olivine grains are likely the result of thermal metamorphism which occurred in the parent asteroid of Itokawa, which had a similar composition as LL chondrites. The chondritic B isotopic ratios of the Itokawa samples suggest that they contain little cosmogenic B (from cosmic‐ray spallation reactions) rich in 10B. This observation is consistent with the short cosmic‐ray exposure ages of Itokawa samples inferred from the small concentrations of cosmogenic 21Ne. If other Itokawa samples have little cosmogenic B as well, the enrichment in 10B found previously on the surface of another Itokawa particle (as opposed to the bulk grain study here) may be attributed to implanted solar wind B.
The Arabidopsis thaliana lectin receptor kinase LecRK‐I.9 is required for full resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and affects jasmonate signalling
Authors: Balagué Claudine , Gouget Anne , Bouchez Olivier , Souriac Camille , Haget Nathalie , Boutet‐Mercey Stéphanie , Govers Francine , Roby Dominique , Canut Hervé 
Published: July 2016

SummaryOn microbial attack, plants can detect invaders and activate plant innate immunity. For the detection of pathogen molecules or cell wall damage, plants employ receptors that trigger the activation of defence responses. Cell surface proteins that belong to large families of lectin receptor kinases are candidates to function as immune receptors. Here, the function of LecRK‐I.9 (At5g60300), a legume‐type lectin receptor kinase involved in cell wall–plasma membrane contacts and in extracellular ATP (eATP) perception, was studied through biochemical, gene expression and reverse genetics approaches. In Arabidopsis thaliana, LecRK‐I.9 expression is rapidly, highly and locally induced on inoculation with avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). Two allelic lecrk‐I.9 knock‐out mutants showed decreased resistance to Pst. Conversely, over‐expression of LecRK‐I.9 led to increased resistance to Pst. The analysis of defence gene expression suggests an alteration of both the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathways. In particular, LecRK‐I.9 expression during plant–pathogen interaction was dependent on COI1 (CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1) and JAR1 (JASMONATE RESISTANT 1) components, and JA‐responsive transcription factors (TFs) showed altered levels of expression in plants over‐expressing LecRK‐I.9. A similar misregulation of these TFs was obtained by JA treatment. This study identified LecRK‐I.9 as necessary for full resistance to Pst and demonstrated its involvement in the control of defence against pathogens through a regulation of JA signalling components. The role of LecRK‐I.9 is discussed with regard to the potential molecular mechanisms linking JA signalling to cell wall damage and/or eATP perception.
Immune response in human chromoblastomycosis and eumycetoma – focusing on human interleukin‐17A, interferon‐gamma, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐1 beta and human beta‐defensin‐2
Authors: Leeyaphan Charussri , Hau Carren , Takeoka Shintaro , Tada Yayoi , Bunyaratavej Sumanas , Pattanaprichakul Penvadee , Sitthinamsuwan Panitta , Chaiprasert Angkana , Sasajima Yuko , Makimura Koichi , Watanabe Shinichi 
Published: July 2016

SummaryKnowledge regarding host immune response to chromoblastomycosis and eumycetoma is limited, particularly concerning cytokines and antimicrobial peptides production. This was a retrospective study of 12 paraffin‐embedded tissue samples from patients diagnosed with chromoblastomycosis or eumycetoma from histological findings and tissue culture. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from tissues were done to evaluate human interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) and human beta‐defensin‐2 (HBD‐2) expressions. Human beta‐actin primer was used for confirming DNA detection, and DNA extracted from psoriasis lesional skin samples was used as positive controls. The twelve paraffin‐embedded sections used in this study consisted of five chromoblastomycosis and seven eumycetoma tissues. All PCR reactions showed beta‐actin band at 51 bp in all clinical specimens, confirming adequate DNA levels in each reaction. As positive control, the psoriasis skin samples revealed bands for IL‐17A at 174 bp, IFN‐γ at 273 bp, TNF‐α at 360 bp, IL‐1β at 276 bp and HBD‐2 at 255 bp. For the chromoblastomycosis and eumycetoma tissues, PCR analyses showed IL‐17A band at 174 bp in two eumycetoma tissues and HBD‐2 band at 255 bp in a chromoblastomycosis tissue. This study demonstrated IL‐17A expression in human eumycetoma and HBD‐2 expression in human chromoblastomycosis for the first time. However, their role in immune response remains to be elucidated.
Characteristics of ganglion cells in pituitary gangliocytomas
Authors: Novello Mariangela , Gessi Marco , Doglietto Francesco , Anile Carmelo , Lauriola Libero , Coli Antonella 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe occurrence of ganglion cells in the sella turcica, in association or not with a pituitary adenoma, has been rarely reported. Various names have been employed for this rare entity, gangliocytoma being frequently used and recommended by WHO classification. Expression of cytokeratin in these ganglion cells has been previously occasionally reported, a very intriguing observation raising questions on the possible nature and derivation of these cells. We describe the pathological findings in three cases of growth hormone‐producing adenomas, all sparsely granulated, showing the presence of a ganglion cell population admixed with an adenomatous component. A review of the literature is also provided.
Loss‐of‐function of Arabidopsis receptor‐like kinase BIR1 activates cell death and defense responses mediated by BAK1 and SOBIR1
Authors: Liu Yanan , Huang Xingchuan , Li Meng , He Ping , Zhang Yuelin 
Published: July 2016

Summary

The Arabidopsis receptor‐like kinase (RLK) BIR1 (BAK1‐INTERACTING RECEPTOR‐LIKE KINASE 1) functions as a negative regulator of plant immunity. Previous work showed that loss‐of‐function of BIR1 leads to constitutive activation of cell death and defense responses. These autoimmune phenotypes are partially dependent on another RLK, SOBIR1.

In order to identify additional components involved in the BIR1‐regulated plant defense signaling pathway, a suppressor screen was carried out in the bir1‐1 pad4‐1 mutant background. Mutations in the suppressor mutants were identified by genetic mapping and re‐sequencing of the mutant genomes.

A number of suppressor mutants were found to carry mutations in an additional RLK, BAK1, indicating that BAK1 is required for activation of cell death and defense responses in bir1‐1. Co‐immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that BAK1 and SOBIR1 associate with each other in planta when the function of BIR1 is compromised.

Although BAK1 was previously characterized as a negative regulator of cell death, our study highlights a novel role of BAK1 in promoting cell death and defense responses in conjunction with SOBIR1.
Development of the photosynthetic apparatus of Cunninghamia lanceolata in light and darkness
Authors: Xue Xian , Wang Qi , Qu Yanli , Wu Hongyang , Dong Fengqin , Cao Haoyan , Wang Hou‐Ling , Xiao Jianwei , Shen Yingbai , Wan Yinglang 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Here, we compared the development of dark‐ and light‐grown Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) cotyledons, which synthesize chlorophyll in the dark, representing a different phenomenon from angiosperm model plants. We determined that the grana lamellar membranes were well developed in both chloroplasts and etiochloroplasts. The accumulation of thylakoid membrane protein complexes was similar between chloroplasts and etiochloroplasts.

Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters indicated that photosystem II (PSII) had low photosynthetic activities, whereas the photosystem I (PSI)‐driven cyclic electron flow (CEF) rate exceeded the rate of PSII‐mediated photon harvesting in etiochloroplasts.

Analysis of the protein contents in etiochloroplasts indicated that the light‐harvesting complex II remained mostly in its monomeric conformation. The ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase and NADH dehydrogenase‐like complexes were relatively abundantly expressed in etiochloroplasts for Chinese fir.

Our transcriptome analysis contributes a global expression database for Chinese fir cotyledons, providing background information on the regulatory mechanisms of different genes involved in the development of dark‐ and light‐grown cotyledons. In conclusion, we provide a novel description of the early developmental status of the light‐dependent and light‐independent photosynthetic apparatuses in gymnosperms.
Avoiding ethics pitfalls in publishing: a perspective from COPE
Authors: Pierson CA 
Published: July 2016

The mission of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) is to promote integrity in research publication. COPE was started in 1997 with a small group of editors and now has a membership of more than 10 000. Throughout its history, COPE has provided a forum for discussion about ethical issues related to all aspects of scholarly publishing and developed resources to assist those who write, review, and edit scholarly work. This concise review provides examples of ethical issues related to authoring, reviewing, and editing scholarly manuscripts from the perspective of COPE.