bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum Analysis of Dispersion and Induction Energies in Organic van der Waals Nanoclusters
Authors: Popova Anna M. , Komarov Viacheslav V. , Schmidt Lothar , Jungclas Hartmut 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA new analytical method is presented, which describes the interactions of three neutral organic molecules forming an isolated nanocluster. We assume that one of the three molecules has a permanent dipole moment. The induction processes and Coulomb interactions inside the nanocluster are considered taking into account molecular charges and structure properties. The functions of the dispersion and induction energies are obtained in analytical form without any phenomenological representations. The method was applied to a specific cluster consisting of two pyrene molecules and one pentene molecule with a dipole moment equal to 0.6 D. The values of the intermolecular interaction energies for these molecules are calculated and presented versus intermolecular distances.
Microwave Accelerated Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Gum Arabic and their Physico-Chemical Properties Assessments
Authors: Eskandari-Nojehdehi Maryam , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda , Jafarizad Abbas 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Microwave enhanced gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were synthesized using gum Arabic as both reducing and stabilizing agents. Response surface methodology was applied to study effects of the Au NPs synthesized parameters, namely, microwave exposure time (90–180 s) and the amount of AgNO3 solution (1–10 mL) on the mean particle size, mixture solution color and concentration of the synthesized Au NPs. The colloidal solution containing well-dispersed and spherical fabricated Au NPs with mean particle size (22 nm) and maximum concentration (159 ppm) and color (1.12 absorbance unit, a.u.), were obtained at the optimal synthesis conditions, using 8.17 mL of HAuCl4 (1 mM) and 2 mL of gum Arabic solution (4% w/v) during microwave exposure time of 180 s. The physico-chemical properties of the synthesized Au NPs at obtained optimum synthesis conditions were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy.
Concert and Analysis of Auto-Tuning Dual-Feedback Biological Harmonic Controller for Industrial Claims
Authors: Balasubramaniam P. M. , Srinivasan M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A reference current estimation method for control of shunt active power filter using a digital filter based synchronous reference frame theory is presented. To extort the fundamental component of source current, the synchronous reference frame theory is suitable because of its easy mathematical calculation compared to other control algorithms. For industrial applications, the load will be continuously varying, so continuous parameter tracking is most essential for controlling the total harmonic distortion (THD) for various conditions. Artificial intelligent controller based on mammalian limbic system and an emotional process is presented in dc link voltage control for a three-phase shunt active power filter. A novel approach of the intelligent techniques for control and decision-making processes was introduced, which is based on the emotion-processing mechanism in the brain, and is essentially an active selection that is based on emotional cues and sensory inputs. A model of shunt active power filter system for improving power quality by using the artificial intelligent control system is presented, which controls the dc link voltage spike through the transient period precisely and maintains speedy settling time during sudden changing of load. This generation of artificial intelligent controllers that has high auto learning speed with a simple arrangement shows an outstanding error-free environment for industrial applications. All of the parameters were analyzed and compared with proportional–integral (PI) and fuzzy gain scheduling controllers.
Acetaminophen Relieves Inflammatory Pain through CB1Cannabinoid Receptors in the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla
Authors: Klinger-Gratz Pascal P. , Ralvenius William T. , Neumann Elena , Kato Ako , Nyilas Rita , Lele Zsolt , Katona István , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich 
Published: November 2017

Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug with only incompletely understood mechanisms of action. Previous work, using models of acute nociceptive pain, indicated that analgesia by acetaminophen involves an indirect activation of CB1receptors by the acetaminophen metabolite and endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor AM 404. However, the contribution of the cannabinoid system to antihyperalgesia against inflammatory pain, the main indication of acetaminophen, and the precise site of the relevant CB1receptors have remained elusive. Here, we analyzed acetaminophen analgesia in mice of either sex with inflammatory pain and found that acetaminophen exerted a dose-dependent antihyperalgesic action, which was mimicked by intrathecally injected AM 404. Both compounds lost their antihyperalgesic activity inCB1−/−mice, confirming the involvement of the cannabinoid system. Consistent with a mechanism downstream of proinflammatory prostaglandin formation, acetaminophen also reversed hyperalgesia induced by intrathecal prostaglandin E2. To distinguish between a peripheral/spinal and a supraspinal action, we administered acetaminophen and AM 404 tohoxB8-CB1−/−mice, which lack CB1receptors from the peripheral nervous system and the spinal cord. These mice exhibited unchanged antihyperalgesia indicating a supraspinal site of action. Accordingly, local injection of the CB1receptor antagonist rimonabant into the rostral ventromedial medulla blocked acetaminophen-induced antihyperalgesia, while local rostral ventromedial medulla injection of AM 404 reduced hyperalgesia in wild-type mice but not inCB1−/−mice. Our results indicate that the cannabinoid system contributes not only to acetaminophen analgesia against acute pain but also against inflammatory pain, and suggest that the relevant CB1receptors reside in the rostral ventromedial medulla.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAcetaminophen is a widely used analgesic drug with multiple but only incompletely understood mechanisms of action, including a facilitation of endogenous cannabinoid signaling via one of its metabolites. Our present data indicate that enhanced cannabinoid signaling is also responsible for the analgesic effects of acetaminophen against inflammatory pain. Local injections of the acetaminophen metabolite AM 404 and of cannabinoid receptor antagonists as well as data from tissue-specific CB1receptor-deficient mice suggest the rostral ventromedial medulla as an important site of the cannabinoid-mediated analgesia by acetaminophen.
Tonotopic Variation of the T-Type Ca2+Current in Avian Auditory Coincidence Detector Neurons
Authors: Fukaya Ryota , Yamada Rei , Kuba Hiroshi 
Published: November 2017

Neurons in avian nucleus laminaris (NL) are binaural coincidence detectors for sound localization and are characterized by striking structural variations in dendrites and axon initial segment (AIS) according to their acoustic tuning [characteristic frequency (CF)]. T-type Ca2+(CaT) channels regulate synaptic integration and firing behavior at these neuronal structures. However, whether or how CaT channels contribute to the signal processing in NL neurons is not known. In this study, we addressed this issue with whole-cell recording and two-photon Ca2+imaging in brain slices of posthatch chicks of both sexes. We found that the CaT current was prominent in low-CF neurons, whereas it was almost absent in higher-CF neurons. In addition, a large Ca2+transient occurred at the dendrites and the AIS of low-CF neurons, indicating a localization of CaT channels at these structures in the neurons. Because low-CF neurons have long dendrites, dendritic CaT channels may compensate for the attenuation of EPSPs at dendrites. Furthermore, the short distance of AIS from the soma may accelerate activation of axonal CaT current in the neurons and help EPSPs reach spike threshold. Indeed, the CaT current was activated by EPSPs and augmented the synaptic response and spike generation of the neurons. Notably, the CaT current was inactivated during repetitive inputs, and these augmenting effects predominated at the initial phase of synaptic activity. These results suggested that dendritic and axonal CaT channels increase the sensitivity to sound at its onset, which may expand the dynamic range for binaural computation in low-CF NL neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons in nucleus laminaris are binaural coincidence detectors for sound localization. We report that T-type Ca2+(CaT) current was prominent at dendrites and the axonal trigger zone in neurons tuned to low-frequency sound. Because these neurons have long dendrites and a closer trigger zone compared with those tuned to higher-frequency sound, the CaT current augmented EPSPs at dendrites and accelerated spike triggers in the neurons, implying a strategic arrangement of the current within the nucleus. This effect was limited to the onset of repetitive inputs due to progressive inactivation of CaT current. The results suggested that the CaT current increases the sensitivity to sound at its onset, which may expand the dynamic range for binaural computation of low-frequency sound.
The Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau Mediates the Organization of Microtubules and Their Dynamic Exploration of Actin-Rich Lamellipodia and Filopodia of Cortical Growth Cones
Authors: Biswas Sayantanee , Kalil Katherine 
Published: November 2017

Proper organization and dynamics of the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton are essential for growth cone behaviors during axon growth and guidance. The MT-associated protein tau is known to mediate actin/MT interactions in cell-free systems but the role of tau in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics in living neurons is unknown. We used cultures of cortical neurons from postnatal day (P)0–P2 golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) of either sex to study the role of tau in the organization and dynamics of the axonal growth cone cytoskeleton. Here, using super resolution microscopy of fixed growth cones, we found that tau colocalizes with MTs and actin filaments and is also located at the interface between actin filament bundles and dynamic MTs in filopodia, suggesting that tau links these two cytoskeletons. Live cell imaging in concert with shRNA tau knockdown revealed that reducing tau expression disrupts MT bundling in the growth cone central domain, misdirects trajectories of MTs in the transition region and prevents single dynamic MTs from extending into growth cone filopodia along actin filament bundles. Rescue experiments with human tau expression restored MT bundling, MT penetration into the growth cone periphery and close MT apposition to actin filaments in filopodia. Importantly, we found that tau knockdown reduced axon outgrowth and growth cone turning in Wnt5a gradients, likely due to disorganized MTs that failed to extend into the peripheral domain and enter filopodia. These results suggest an important role for tau in regulating cytoskeletal organization and dynamics during growth cone behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGrowth cones are the motile tips of growing axons whose guidance behaviors require interaction of the dynamic actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that stabilizes microtubules in neurons and in cell-free systems regulates actin–microtubule interaction. Here, using super resolution microscopy, live-cell imaging, and tau knockdown, we show for the first time in living axonal growth cones that tau is important for microtubule bundling and microtubule exploration of the actin-rich growth cone periphery. Importantly tau knockdown reduced axon outgrowth and growth cone turning, due to disorganized microtubules that fail to enter filopodia and co-align with actin filaments. Understanding normal tau functions will be important for identifying mechanisms of tau in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
Mating Design and Genetic Structure of a Multi-Parent Advanced Generation Intercross (MAGIC) Population of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Authors: Ongom Patrick O , Ejeta Gebisa 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations are powerful next-generation mapping resources. We describe here the mating design and structure of the first MAGIC population in sorghum, and test its utility for mapping. The population was developed by intercrossing 19 diverse founder lines through a series of paired crosses with a genetic male sterile (MS) source, followed by 10 generations of random mating. At the final stage of random mating, 1000 random fertile plants in the population were identified and subjected to six generations of selfing to produce 1000 immortal MAGIC inbred lines. The development of this sorghum MAGIC population took over 15 yr. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) of a subset of 200 MAGIC lines identified 79,728 SNPs, spanning high gene-rich regions. Proportion of SNPs per chromosome ranged from 6 to 15%. Structure analyses produced no evidence of population stratification, portraying the desirability of this population for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The 19 founders formed three clusters, each with considerable genetic diversity. Further analysis showed that 73% of founder alleles segregated in the MAGIC population. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns depicted the MAGIC population to be highly recombined, with LD decaying to r2 ≤ 0.2 at 40 kb and down to r2 ≤ 0.1 at 220 kb. GWAS detected two known plant height genes, DWARF1 (chromosome 9) and DWARF3 (chromosome 7), and a potentially new plant height quantitative trait locus (QTL) (QTL-6) on chromosome 6. The MAGIC population was found to be rich in allelic content with high fragmentation of its genome, making it fit for both gene mapping and effective marker-assisted breeding.
Bullying e agressão: Estudo dos preditores no contexto de programa de intervenção da violência escolar
Authors: Gouveia Patrícia , Leal Isabel , Cardoso Jorge 
Published: November 2017

Os processos interativos na escola, pares e contextos familiares dos adolescentes apresentam um peso considerável no estudo dos fatores de risco e protetores associados ao desenvolvimento de comportamentos agressivos. Atendendo a esta premissa, pretendemos analisar a relação entre a perceção que os jovens têm do seu suporte social e do ambiente escolar e o desenvolvimento das diferentes formas e funções de comportamentos agressivos. Participaram no estudo 851 adolescentes, com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 19 anos, a frequentar o ensino básico e secundário. Recorrendo a regressões hierárquicas, obtivemos 2 modelos explicativos dos fatores de risco e protetores da agressão direta reativa, agressão relacional reativa, agressão direta instrumental e agressão relacional instrumental. Os resultados revelam interessantes padrões de risco e proteção para cada um dos subtipos de comportamento agressivo. As relações familiares e o ambiente escolar são preditores-chave para esta amostra, quer de risco, quer de proteção.
Axillary artery loop interposition graft (AALG) as unusual access for hemodialysis
Authors: Fareed Abdelmieniem , Zaid Nehad , Alkhateep Yahia M. 
Published: November 2017

Background: Life expectancy of end stage renal disease patients continues to lengthen and with the limited durability of vascular accesses, repeat fistula construction at different levels of the upper limb is often necessary and leads ultimately to exhaustion of autogenous vascular access sites. Our experience with alternative vascular access procedures namely the arterio-arterial loop graft in the first part of axillary artery was presented in this study.Methods: From June 2013 to Aug 2017, arterio-arterial interposition loop graft procedures (AALG) for vascular access were performed in 15 patients with end-stage renal disease. Inclusion criteria were patients with unsuitable large deep veins or with cardiac insufficiency intolerable to high-flow arterio-venous fistula.Results: The achieved primary and secondary patency was 73.3 % and 86.6% at 1 year and 53.3 % and 66.7 % at 3 years. Severe infection in whole graft occurred in two patients (13.3%) after 11, 27 months. One patient died six months after operation due to unrelated cause. two patients had pseudoaneurysms after 20 and 28 months at sites of repetitive needle puncture and were treated successfully by segmental replacement.Conclusions: In selected cases and with proper indication the AALG can offer efficient alternative for vascular hemodialysis access and can improve the survival rate of such patients.
A study of hematological parameters and requirement of platelet transfusion in dengue fever
Authors: L. S. Yashaswini , . Priya 
Published: November 2017

Background: Dengue is a common vector-borne disease in India with significant morbidity & mortality. Thrombocytopenia is a common complication in dengue. Bleeding manifestations in dengue put an immense pressure on both patients and treating physicians. There are no clear guidelines for transfusion of platelets in bleeding patients and role of Platelet transfusion in this condition is a bit controversial.Methods: It was an observational study done at Sree Rajarajeswari medical college and hospital between 1st May and 31st July 2016. Total of 100 dengue-positive cases were studied with respect to clinical features, laboratory parameters and requirement of platelet transfusion.Results: Majority of patients were males and in the age group 21-30 years. Fever was present in all cases, with a mean of 3-6 days duration. Epistaxis was the most common bleeding manifestation (43%), Malena being the least (3%). Leucopenia was observed in 52% patients. Thrombocytopenia was seen in 89% of admitted patients and 38% among them had raised aPTT. 53%of patients in our study received platelet transfusion.Conclusions: Bleeding manifestations have no significant association with severity of platelet count. Severe leucopenia is associated with thrombocytopenia. There is no need of platelet-transfusion in all patients with thrombocytopenia with minor bleeds.
A study on the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding obesity among engineering college students
Authors: M. Jagadeesan , Karthik S. Prasanna , R. Kannan , Bibiana C. Immaculate , N. Kanchan , J. Siddharthan , M. Vinitha 
Published: November 2017

Background: Obesity is one of the most prevalent form of malnutrition in both developed and developing countries and affecting both children as well as adults. Obesity is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. It is also an important risk factor in the natural history of certain chronic non-communicable diseases. Strategies for preventing obesity offer a cost-effective approach in preventing chronic non-communicable diseases. Awareness level is the basic necessity to effect a change in behavior. The objectives of the study were to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding obesity among students of an engineering college.Methods: The study was a descriptive cross sectional type carried out among students of an engineering college in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The study was carried out on 240 students of the engineering college after obtaining proper informed consent. The KAP parameters were assessed using pretested structured questionnaire and physical examination for anthropometry to measure BMI was done.Results: 58.3% of the study group were males. It was found that 61% of the participants had normal BMI range and 20% fell above the range of normal BMI (i.e. ≥25) and the remaining were underweight (19%). Among the overweight and obese individuals 54.16% were males and 45.83% were females. 54.16% of the students had knowledge that they were entering into obesity and the rest felt they were normal. 73% had the belief that exercise would help in overcoming obesity. It was found that 70% of them were able to exercise but did not have a regular routine. More alarmingly 89.5% of the students did not take any steps to overcome obesity.Conclusions: The study provides the information that the participant had good knowledge and attitude regarding obesity but failed in practicing necessary measures to control and prevent it. Health education, frequent monitoring and conducting interventional programs among students would be vital.
Evaluation of the department of Earth sciences and universe through teachers
Authors: Chakib Abdellatif , Zahour Ghalem , Talbi Mohammed , Sayad Ahmed 
Published: November 2017

In this study, we are interested in the evaluation of the department of the Earth Sciences and Universe (Science de la Terre & l'Univers - STU), Faculty of Science Ben MSik, Casablanca, Morocco, through teachers of the department of Geology.The accomplishment of this work passes through an evaluation that was carried out firstly through a satisfaction survey and secondly, a questionnaire containing questions related to the profile of the teachers, program and educational strategies of discipline offering training to the level of Bachelor. We used Sphinx software to analyze the data through the application, namely, flat table, the crossing of the questions and the specifications table. The goal is to evaluate training within the department of STU in quality and quantity. This research allowed us to identify many problems of the students who enrolled in this department.In other words these results are response elements that would help improve the teaching-learning of the STU field.
Keywords: Evaluation, STU, survey, questionnaire, teachers, Morocco.
TOXICITY STUDY OF PARE LEAF EXTRACTS (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA) TO CULEX PIPIENS MOSQUITO LARVAE
Authors: Annisa Rahmi , Amir Muhammad , Kuncoro Hadi 
Published: November 2017

<p>This study aims to determine the yield, toxicity, and toxic concentration of crude extracts of ethanol, n-hexane fraction extract, ethyl acetate fraction extract and n-butanol fractions extract pare leaf (Momordica charantiaL.) larvae Culex pipiens. The method used to determine the toxicity of extract larvasida test larvae Culex pipiens to obtain the LC<sub>99</sub> values obtained using the analysis of Reed and Muench. Extraction and fractionation processis known to yield a ethanol crude extract obtained 8.86%, n-hexane fraction extract of 1%, ethyl acetate fraction extract 1.80% and n-butanol fractions extract of 0.80% and the toxicity obtained test results that pare leaf (Momordica charantia L.) have the potential toxicity larvae larvae of Culex pipiens as indicated by the value by Lethality Concrentation 99 % (LC<sub>99</sub>) in the crude extract ethanol 7416.52 ppm, n-hexane fraction extract of 2564.48 ppm, ethyl acetate fraction extract 2702.09 ppm and n-butanol fractions extract of 2665.63 ppm.</p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: </em><em>Pare leaf (Momordica charantia L.), toxicity</em><em>, </em><em>larvae Culex pipiens</em><em></em></p>