bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in readmission rate by route of hysterectomy – a single‐center experience
Authors: Kreuninger Jennifer A. , Cohen Sarah L. , Meurs Elsemieke A.I.M. , Cox Mary , Vitonis Allison , Jansen Frank W. , Einarsson Jon I. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess the 60‐day readmission rates after hysterectomy according to route of surgery and analyze risk factors for postoperative readmission.Material and methodsThis retrospective study included all women who underwent hysterectomy due to benign conditions from 2009 to 2015 at a large academic center in Boston. Readmission rates were compared among the following four types of hysterectomies: abdominal, laparoscopic, robotic and vaginal.ResultsThere were 3981 hysterectomy cases over the study period (628 abdominal hysterectomy, 2500 laparoscopic hysterectomy, 155 robotic hysterectomy and 698 vaginal hysterectomy). Intraoperative complications occurred more frequently in women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy (4.8%), followed by robotic hysterectomy (3.9%), vaginal hysterectomy (1.9%) and laparoscopic hysterectomy (1.6%) (p < 0.0001). Readmission rates were not significantly different among the groups; women receiving abdominal hysterectomy had an overall readmission rate of 3.5%, compared with 3.2% after robotic hysterectomy, 2.9% after vaginal hysterectomy and 1.9% after laparoscopic hysterectomy (p = 0.06). When stratifying for relevant variables, women who had an laparoscopic hysterectomy had a twofold reduction of readmission compared with abdominal hysterectomy (odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.31–0.87;p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in readmission when robotic hysterectomy or vaginal hysterectomy were compared individually with abdominal hysterectomy. Regarding risk factors related to readmission it was observed that perioperative complications were the largest driver of readmissions (odds ratio 667, 95% confidence interval 158–99;p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe laparoscopic approach to hysterectomy was associated with fewer hospital readmissions compared with the abdominal route; vaginal, robotic and abdominal approaches had a similar risk of readmission. Perioperative complications represent the main driver of readmissions. After adjusting for perioperative factors such as surgeon type and complications, no difference in readmissions between the different routes of hysterectomy were found.
A randomised trial of enteral glutamine supplementation for very preterm children showed no beneficial or adverse long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes
Authors: Twilhaar E. Sabrina , de Kieviet Jorrit F. , Oosterlaan Jaap , van Elburg Ruurd M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the long‐term effects of enteral glutamine supplementation on neurodevelopmental outcomes of a Dutch cohort of very preterm children at 13 years of age.MethodsThe cohort was enrolled in a randomised placebo‐controlled trial between 2001 and 2003 in which infants received glutamine‐ or alanine‐supplemented enteral nutrition during the first month of life. Participants were invited for follow‐up at a mean age of 13.30 years. Motor, neurocognitive, academic and behavioural outcomes were assessed in 61 children.ResultsNo differences were found between the groups regarding motor, intellectual, academic and behavioural functioning. Forward span visuospatial working memory performance was better in the controls (crude/adjusted model: d = 0.67/0.64, p = 0.02/0.02), but no difference was found for backward span. After the data were adjusted for confounders, the groups differed regarding parent‐rated attention (crude/adjusted model: d = 0.47/0.73, p = 0.07/0.003), but both groups scored within the normal range.ConclusionThis was the first study on the long‐term effects of enteral glutamine supplementation on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of very preterm children. Our study provided no evidence that enteral glutamine supplementation had any beneficial or adverse effects on the children's motor, neurocognitive, academic and behavioural outcomes at 13 years of age.
Reader Reaction on the Fast Small-Sample Kernel Independence Test for Microbiome Community-Level Association Analysis
Authors: Guo Bin , Wu Baolin 
Published: November 2017

Summary
Zhan et al. (2017) presented a kernel RV coefficient (KRV) test to evaluate the overall association between host gene expression and microbiome composition, and showed its competitive performance compared to existing methods. In this article, we clarify the close relation of KRV to the existing generalized RV (GRV) coefficient, and show that KRV and GRV have very similar performance. Although the KRV test could control the type I error rate well at 1% and 5% levels, we show that it could largely underestimate p-values at small significance levels leading to significantly inflated type I errors. As a partial remedy, we propose an alternative p-value calculation, which is efficient and more accurate than KRV p-value at small significance levels. We recommend that small KRV test p-values should always be accompanied and verified by the permutation p-value in practice. In addition, we analytically show that KRV can be written as a form of correlation coefficient, which can dramatically expedite its computation and make permutation p-value calculation more efficient.
Obesity negatively impacts outcome in elderly female patients with aggressive B‐cell lymphomas treated with R‐CHOP: results from prospective trials of the German high grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma trial group
Authors: Hohloch K. , Altmann B. , Pfreundschuh M. , Loeffler M. , Schmitz N. , Zettl F. , Ziepert M. , Trümper L. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryTo study if obesity is a risk factor in elderly patients (>60 years) with aggressive B‐cell lymphoma, the outcomes of 576 elderly patients treated with rituximab in the RICOVER‐60 trial were analysed in a retrospective study with regard to body mass index (BMI) and gender. Of the 576 patients, 1% had low body weight (BMI < 18·5), 38% were normal weight (18·5 ≤ BMI < 25), 42% were overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) and 19% were obese (BMI ≥ 30). Event‐free (EFS), progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) according to BMI showed no significant differences for all and for male patients. EFS (P = 0·041), PFS (P = 0·038) and OS (P = 0·031) were significantly better for female non‐obese patients. A multivariate analysis adjusted for International Prognostic Index risk factors confirmed these results, with the following hazard ratios (HR) for obesity (BMI ≥ 30) for EFS/PFS/OS: all patients – 1·4/1·4/1·4 (not significant); male patients – 1·2/1·2/1·0 (not significant) and female patients – 1·7 (P = 0·032)/1·9 (P = 0·022)/2·0 (P = 0·017). In conclusion, obesity is a risk factor that influences treatment outcome in elderly female patients with aggressive B‐cell lymphoma treated with R‐CHOP (rituximab + cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone). The inferior outcomes in obese female patients may be due to faster rituximab clearance in obese females.
Refining stratigraphy and tectonic history using detrital zircon maximum depositional age: an example from the Cerro Fortaleza Formation, Austral Basin, southern Patagonia
Authors: Sickmann Zachary T. , Schwartz Theresa M. , Graham Stephan A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe north–south trending, Late Cretaceous to modern Magallanes–Austral foreland basin of southernmost Patagonia lacks a unified, radiometric, age‐controlled stratigraphic framework. By simplifying the sedimentary fill of the basin to deep‐marine, shallow‐marine and terrestrial deposits, and combining 13 new U‐Pb detrital zircon maximum depositional ages (DZ MDAs) with published DZ MDAs and U‐Pb ash ages, we provide the first attempt at a unified, longitudinal stratigraphic framework constrained by radiometric age controls. We divide the foreland basin history into two phases, including (1) an initial Late Cretaceous shoaling upward phase and (2) a Cenozoic phase that overlies a Palaeogene unconformity. New DZ samples from the shallow‐marine La Anita Formation, the terrestrial Cerro Fortaleza Formation and several previously unrecognized Cenozoic units provide necessary radiometric age controls for the end of the Late Cretaceous foreland phase and the magnitude of the Palaeogene unconformity in the Austral sector of the basin. These samples show that the La Anita and Cerro Fortaleza Formations have Campanian DZ MDAs, and that overlying Cenozoic strata have Eocene to Miocene DZ MDAs. By filling this data gap, we are able to provide a first attempt at constructing a basinwide, age‐controlled stratigraphic framework for the Magallanes–Austral foreland basin. Results show southward progradation of shallow marine and terrestrial environments from the Santonian through the Maastrichtian, as well as a northward increase in the magnitude of the Palaeogene unconformity. Furthermore, our new age data significantly impact the chronology of fossil flora and dinosaur faunas in Patagonia.
Nuclear and cytoplasmic features in the diagnosis of Clark's nevi
Authors: Valdebran Manuel , Bandino Justin , Elbendary Amira , Gad Abdallah , Arudra Krishna C. , de Feraudy Sébastien , Elston Dirk M. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundInterpretation of Clark's nevi has generated debate over the years; although criteria have been proposed for grading morphological features of melanocytes, there is still confusion and variability in the assessment of these lesions.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study conducted on 100 Clark's nevi and 84 melanomas. A single expert dermatopathologist evaluated all blinded and randomized photomicrographs of both the Clark's nevi and melanomas for the presence of 14 cytologic features. Subsequently, a multivariate model was used to obtain sensitivity and specificity.ResultsClark's nevi showed a significantly higher frequency of absent‐or‐inconspicuous nucleoli over melanoma, whereas mitotic figures, pleomorphism, notching, multiple nucleoli, peppered moth nuclear pattern, flattened adjacent nuclei, prominent nucleoli and vesicular nucleus with rounded nucleoli were found significantly higher in frequency in melanomas.ConclusionOur data suggest that nuclear alterations are of value in the differentiation of atypical nevi from melanoma.
Outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided pancreatic FNAC diagnosis for solid and cystic lesions at Manchester Royal Infirmary based upon the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology pancreaticobiliary terminology classification scheme
Authors: Wright P. K. , Shelton D. A. , Holbrook M. R. , Thiryayi S. A. , Narine N. , Slater D. , Rana D. N. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo compare endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐FNAC diagnosis of pancreatic lesions with patient outcome based upon the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology pancreaticobiliary terminology classification scheme diagnostic categories: Panc 1 (non‐diagnostic); Panc 2 (negative for malignancy/neoplasia); Panc 3 (atypical); Panc 4B (neoplastic, benign); Panc 4O (neoplastic, other); Panc 5 (suspicious of malignancy); and Panc 6 (positive/malignant).MethodsAll EUS‐FNA pancreas specimens taken at Manchester Royal Infirmary in 2015 were prospectively classified according to the above scheme at the time of cytology reporting and data recorded prospectively. Subsequently, outcomes based on clinical follow‐up or histopathology diagnosis were compared with the cytology diagnosis.Results120 EUS‐FNA pancreas specimens from 111 patients were received, of which 112 (93.3%) specimens had follow‐up data. There were 79 and 41 EUS‐FNA pancreas specimens from solid and cystic lesions, respectively. Based on the cytology diagnosis the specimens were classified as Panc 1 (7.5%), Panc 2 (33.3%), Panc 3 (2.5%), Panc 4B (2.5%), Panc 4O (15.0%), Panc 5 (3.3%) and Panc 6 (35.9%). The performance indicators for diagnosis of malignancy or neoplasia with malignant potential, included sensitivity (95.4%), specificity (100%), positive predictive value (100%), negative predictive value (92.3%), false positive rate (0%) and false negative rate (4.6%).ConclusionsThe Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology pancreaticobiliary terminology classification scheme is a logical system that can easily be introduced in a diagnostic cytopathology service. This classification scheme acts as an aid to diagnostic reporting, clear communication of significant results including risk of neoplasia/malignancy to clinicians, clinical audit and comparison of results with other centres.
Age‐related changes in the dynamics of fear‐related regulation in early childhood
Authors: Morales Santiago , Ram Nilam , Buss Kristin A. , Cole Pamela M. , Helm Jonathan L. , Chow Sy‐Miin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSelf‐regulation is a dynamic process wherein executive processes (EP) delay, minimize or desist prepotent responses (PR) that arise in situations that threaten well‐being. It is generally assumed that, over the course of early childhood, children expand and more effectively deploy their repertoire ofEP‐related strategies to regulatePR. However, longitudinal tests of these assumptions are scarce in part because self‐regulation has been mostly studied as a static construct. This study engages dynamic systems modeling to examine developmental changes in self‐regulation between ages 2 and 5 years. Second‐by‐second time‐series data derived from behavioral observations of 112 children (63 boys) faced with novel laboratory‐based situations designed to elicit wariness, hesitation, and fear were modeled using differential equation models designed to capture age‐related changes in the intrinsic dynamics and bidirectional coupling ofPR(fear/wariness) andEP(strategy use). Results revealed that dynamic models allow for the conceptualization and measurement of fear regulation as intrinsic processes as well as direct and indirect coupling betweenPRandEP. Several patterns of age‐related changes were in line with developmental theory suggesting thatPRweakened and was regulated more quickly and efficiently byEPat age 5 than at age 2. However, most findings were in the intrinsic dynamics and moderating influences betweenPRandEPrather than direct influences. The findings illustrate the precision with which specific aspects of self‐regulation can be articulated using dynamic systems models, and how such models can be used to describe the development of self‐regulation in nuanced and theoretically meaningful ways.
Analysis of tea plant resistance to tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii, by detecting stylet‐probing behavior with DC electropenetrography
Authors: Yorozuya Hiroshi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukiiMatsuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae), is a serious pest of tea plants in East Asia. Previous work has shown that two tea germplasms, Cd19 and Cd289, sustain less hopperburn damage by E. onukii than does Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze cv. ‘Yabukita’ (Theaceae), and E. onukii excretes less honeydew on these germplasms than on the susceptible Yabukita. This study investigated the feeding behavior of E. onukii with a direct current electropenetrograph (DC EPG) to compare feeding behaviors, including ingestion, on resistant tea germplasms and Yabukita. Feeding behaviors on the resistant germplasms were significantly restricted, with few bouts of active ingestion of short duration and long periods of non‐probing, whereas E. onukii engaged in active ingestion of long duration many times on the susceptible cv. Yabukita. The tea germplasms, Cd19 and Cd289, therefore showed strong resistance to E. onukii. Furthermore, the shape of puncture holes left after probing was compared between the susceptible Yabukita and the resistant germplasms. The puncture holes on Cd19 and Cd289 were indistinct in shape and closed compared with those on Yabukita.
Taste input from tarsal sensilla is related to egg‐laying behavior in Papilio hospiton
Authors: Sollai Giorgia , Biolchini Maurizio , Loy Francesco , Solari Paolo , Crnjar Roberto 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn herbivorous insects, host selection involves various sensory modalities (sight, smell, taste), but the contact chemoreceptors capable of detecting stimuli both from host and non‐host plants play an important role in the final steps of oviposition behavior. Female butterflies scratch and drum the leaf surface and taste the compounds present in plant saps with their tarsal chemosensilla. We assumed that tarsal taste sensitivity may be related to the breadth of host selection in ovipositing females of Papilio hospitonGéné (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). The spike activity of tarsal taste basiconic sensilla was recorded in response to stimulation with NaCl, bitter compounds, and carbohydrates, with the aim of characterizing the gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) and of comparing the response patterns in the light of differences in acceptability of host plants. Then we studied the sensitivity of GRNs to saps of the host plants Ferula communis L., Peucedanum paniculatumLoisel, Pastinaca latifolia (Duby) DC. (all Apiaceae), and Ruta lamarmorae Bacch., Brullo et Giusso (Rutaceae), and evaluated the relationship between taste sensitivity and oviposition preference. The results indicate that (1) each sensillum houses sugar‐, bitter‐, and salt‐sensitive cells; (2) the spike activity of the gustatory neurons in response to plant saps produces a different response pattern across all active GRNs; and (3) the number of eggs laid on each plant is highest on F. communis and lowest on R. lamarmorae. These results suggest that the varying activity of the tarsal GRNs may affect host plant acceptability and that ovipositing females of P. hospiton seem to be able to discriminate between host plants.
Rhabdomyolysis and fluctuating asymptomatic hyperCKemia associated with CACNA1S variant
Authors: Anandan C. , Cipriani M. A. , Laughlin R. S. , Niu Z. , Milone M. 
Published: November 2017

Background and purposeCACNA1S encodes Cav1.1, a voltage sensor for muscle excitation−contraction coupling, which activates the ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) leading to calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. CACNA1S mutations cause hypokalemic periodic paralysis, malignant hyperthermia and congenital myopathy. RYR1 mutations result in congenital myopathy, malignant hyperthermia and rhabdomyolysis.MethodsThe aim was to describe a novel phenotype associated with a CACNA1S variant at a site previously linked to hypokalemic periodic paralysis.ResultsThe patient presented with fluctuating asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation after an episode of rhabdomyolysis but has no history of periodic paralysis. His muscle biopsy showed core‐like structures occurring mainly in type 2 fibers. He carries a novel Cav1.1 variant (p.Arg528Leu) affecting a highly conserved amino acid. Different mutations at the same location cause hypokalemic periodic paralysis.ConclusionThis case underscores the similarity between the phenotypes caused by mutations in two functionally linked proteins, RYR1 and Cav1.1.
Microphytobenthos and chironomid larvae attenuate nutrient recycling in shallow‐water sediments
Authors: Benelli Sara , Bartoli Marco , Zilius Mindaugas , Vybernaite‐Lubiene Irma , Ruginis Tomas , Petkuviene Jolita , Fano Elisa Anna 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

In shallow‐water sediments, the combined action of microphytobenthos and bioturbating fauna may differentially affect benthic nutrient fluxes and exert a bottom‐up control of pelagic primary production. In many cases, the effects of microphytobenthos and macrofauna on nutrient cycling were studied separately, ignoring potential synergistic effects.

We measured the combined effects of microphytobenthos and chironomid larvae on sediment–water fluxes of gas (O2, TCO2 and N2) and nutrients (NH4+, NO3−, NO2−, and SiO2) in shallow‐water sediments of a hypertrophic freshwater lagoon. Fluxes were measured in the light and in the dark in reconstructed sediments with low (L = 600 ind/m2), high (H = 1,800 ind/m2) and no (C) addition of chironomid larvae, after 3 weeks of pre‐incubation under light/dark regime to allow for microalgal growth. Besides flux measurements, pore water nutrient (NH4+, and SiO2) and dissolved metal concentrations (Fe2+ and Mn2+) were analysed and diffusive fluxes were calculated.

Chironomid larvae increased sediment heterotrophy, by augmenting benthic O2 demand and TCO2 and N2 dark production. However, on a daily basis, treatments C and L were net O2 producing and N2 sinks while treatment H was net O2 consuming and N2 producing. All treatments were net C sink regardless of chironomid density.

Microphytobenthos always affected benthic nutrient exchange, as significantly higher uptake or lower efflux was measured in the light compared with dark incubations. Theoretical inorganic N, P and Si demand by benthic microalgae largely exceeded both dark effluxes of NH4+, and SiO2 and their net uptake in the light, suggesting the relevance of N‐fixation, water column NO3− and solid‐phase associated P and Si as nutrient sources to benthic algae.

Chironomid larvae had a minor effect on inorganic N and P fluxes while they significantly stimulated inorganic Si regeneration. Their bioturbation activity significantly altered pore water chemistry, with a major reduction in nutrient (highest for NH4+ and lowest for SiO2) and metal concentration. Underlying mechanisms are combinations of burrow ventilation and bioirrigation with stimulation of element‐specific processes as coupled nitrification–denitrification, co‐precipitation and inhibition of anaerobic paths such as Fe3+ or Mn4+ reduction or re‐oxidation of their end products.

The combined activity of benthic algae and chironomid larvae may significantly attenuate internal nutrient recycling in shallow eutrophic ecosystems, and contribute to the control of pelagic primary production.
ON STRATEGY‐PROOFNESS AND THE SALIENCE OF SINGLE‐PEAKEDNESS
Authors: Chatterji Shurojit , Massó Jordi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe consider strategy‐proof rules operating on a rich domain of preference profiles. We show that if the rule satisfies in addition tops‐onlyness, anonymity, and unanimity, then the preferences in the domain have to satisfy a variant of single‐peakedness (referred to as semilattice single‐peakedness). We do so by deriving from the rule an endogenous partial order (a semilattice) from which the concept of a semilattice single‐peaked preference can be defined. We also provide a converse of this main finding. Finally, we show how well‐known restricted domains under which nontrivial strategy‐proof rules are admissible are semilattice single‐peaked domains.
UNIFIED CHINA AND DIVIDED EUROPE
Authors: Ko Chiu Yu , Koyama Mark , Sng Tuan‐Hwee 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article studies the causes and consequences of political centralization and fragmentation in China and Europe. We argue that a severe and unidirectional threat of external invasion fostered centralization in China, whereas Europe faced a wider variety of smaller external threats and remained fragmented. Political centralization in China led to lower taxation and hence faster population growth during peacetime compared to Europe. But it also meant that China was more vulnerable to occasional negative population shocks. Our results are consistent with historical evidence of warfare, capital city location, tax levels, and population growth in both China and Europe.