bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering Capgras delusion using a large-scale medical records database
Authors: Bell Vaughan , Marshall Caryl , Kanji Zara , Wilkinson Sam , Halligan Peter , Deeley Quinton 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundCapgras delusion is scientifically important but most commonly reported as single case studies. Studies analysing large clinical records databases focus on common disorders but none have investigated rare syndromes.AimsIdentify cases of Capgras delusion and associated psychopathology, demographics, cognitive function and neuropathology in light of existing models.MethodCombined computational data extraction and qualitative classification using 250 000 case records from South London and Maudsley Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) database.ResultsWe identified 84 individuals and extracted diagnosis-matched comparison groups. Capgras was not ‘monothematic’ in the majority of cases. Most cases involved misidentified family members or close partners but others were misidentified in 25% of cases, contrary to dual-route face recognition models. Neuroimaging provided no evidence for predominantly right hemisphere damage. Individuals were ethnically diverse with a range of psychosis spectrum diagnoses.ConclusionsCapgras is more diverse than current models assume. Identification of rare syndromes complements existing ‘big data’ approaches in psychiatry.
Development and Validation of Nomograms Predictive of Overall and Progression-Free Survival in Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Fakhry Carole , Zhang Qiang , Nguyen-Tân Phuc Felix , Rosenthal David I. , Weber Randal S. , Lambert Louise , Trotti Andy M. , Barrett William L. , Thorstad Wade L. , Jones Christopher U. , Yom Sue S. , Wong Stuart J. , Ridge John A. , Rao Shyam S.D. , Bonner James A. , Vigneault Eric , Raben David , Kudrimoti Mahesh R. , Harris Jonathan , Le Quynh-Thu , Gillison Maura L. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose Treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is evolving toward risk-based modification of therapeutic intensity, which requires patient-specific estimates of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Methods To develop and validate nomograms for OS and PFS, we used a derivation cohort of 493 patients with OPSCC with known p16 tumor status (surrogate of human papillomavirus) and cigarette smoking history (pack-years) randomly assigned to clinical trials using platinum-based chemoradiotherapy (NRG Oncology Radiation Therapy Oncology Group [RTOG] 0129 and 0522). Nomograms were created from Cox models and internally validated by use of bootstrap and cross-validation. Model discrimination was measured by calibration plots and the concordance index. Nomograms were externally validated in a cohort of 153 patients with OPSCC randomly assigned to a third trial, NRG Oncology RTOG 9003. Results Both models included age, Zubrod performance status, pack-years, education, p16 status, and T and N stage; the OS model also included anemia and age × pack-years interaction; and the PFS model also included marital status, weight loss, and p16 × Zubrod interaction. Predictions correlated well with observed 2-year and 5-year outcomes. The uncorrected concordance index was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.80) for OS and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.74) for PFS, and bias-corrected indices were similar. In the validation set, OS and PFS models were well calibrated, and OS and PFS were significantly different across tertiles of nomogram scores (log-rank P = .003;< .001). Conclusion The validated nomograms provided useful prediction of OS and PFS for patients with OPSCC treated with primary radiation-based therapy.
Improving Access to Cancer Testing and Treatment in Kenya
Authors: Makau-Barasa Louise K. , Greene Sandra B. , Othieno-Abinya Nicholas A. , Wheeler Stephanie , Skinner Asheley , Bennett Antonia V. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose In response to the increasing cancer burden in Kenya, this study identified barriers to patients seeking access to cancer testing and treatment and to clinicians in delivering these services. Policy recommendations based on findings are presented. Methods This qualitative study used semistructured key informant interviews. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 14 participants: seven oncology clinicians and seven support and advocacy leaders for patients with cancer. Qualitative analysis was used to identify themes. Results Seven barriers to cancer testing and treatment were identified: high cost of testing and treatment, low level of knowledge about cancer among population and clinicians, poor health-seeking behaviors among population, long distances to access diagnostic and treatment services, lack of decentralized diagnostic and treatment facilities, poor communication, and lack of better cancer policy development and implementation. Conclusion Kenyans seeking cancer services face significant barriers that result in late presentation, misdiagnosis, interrupted treatment, stigma, and fear. Four policy recommendations to improve access for patients with cancer are (1) improve health insurance for patients with cancer; (2) establish testing and treatment facilities in all counties; (3) acquire diagnosis and treatment equipment and train health personnel to screen, diagnose, and treat cancer; and (4) increase public health awareness and education about cancer to improve diagnoses and treatment. Effective cancer testing and treatment options can be developed to address cancer in a resource-constrained environment like Kenya. An in-depth look at effective interventions and policies being implemented in countries facing similar challenges would provide valuable lessons to Kenya’s health sector and policymakers.
Mortality, Geriatric, and Nongeriatric Surgical Risk Factors Among the Eldest Old: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Pelavski Andres D. , De Miguel Marcos , Alcaraz Garcia-Tejedor Gabriela , Villarino Laura , Lacasta Albert , Señas Lucía , Rochera María I. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND:
Preoperative risk and postoperative outcomes among the elderly are the subject of extensive debate. However, the eldest old, that is, the fastest-growing and most vulnerable group, are insufficiently studied; even their mortality rate is unclear. This prospective observational study was performed with the aim of determining the mortality rate of this population and establishing which preoperative conditions were predictors of which postoperative outcomes. The study was undertaken between 2011 and 2015 in a major tertiary care university hospital.

METHODS:
All patients aged ≥85 years undergoing any elective procedure during the study period were included. Patients were followed up for 30 days postoperatively.
The preoperative conditions studied were demographic data, grade of surgical complexity (1–3), preoperative comorbidities, and some characteristically geriatric conditions (functional reserve, nutrition, cognitive status, polypharmacy, dependency, and frailty). The outcome measures were 30-day all-cause mortality (primary end point), morbidity, prolonged length of stay, and escalation of care in living conditions.

RESULTS:
Of 139 eligible patients, 127 completed follow-up. The 30-day mortality was 7.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.2–12.6. It had 3 predictors: malnutrition (odds ratio [OR], 15; 95% CI, 3–89), complexity 3 (OR, 9.1; CI, 2–52), and osteoporosis/osteoporotic fractures (OR, 14.7; CI, 2–126). Significant predictors for morbidity (40%) were ischemic heart disease (OR, 3.9; CI, 1–11) and complexity 3 (OR, 3.6; CI, 2–9), while a nonfrail phenotype (OR, 0.3; CI, 0.1–0.8) was found to be protective. Only 2 factors were found to be predictive of longer admissions, namely complexity 3 (OR, 4.4; CI, 2–10) and frailty (OR, 2.7; CI, 2–7). Finally, risk factors for escalation of care in living conditions were slow gait (a surrogate for frailty, OR, 2.5; CI, 1–6), complexity 3 (OR, 3.2; CI, 1–7), and hypertension (OR, 2.9; CI, 1–9).

CONCLUSIONS:
The eldest old is a distinct group with a considerable mortality rate and their own particular risk factors. Surgical complexity and certain geriatric variables (malnutrition and frailty), which are overlooked in American Society of Anesthesiologists and most other usual scores, are particularly relevant in this population. Inclusion of these factors along with appropriate comorbidities for risk stratification should guide better decision making for families and doctors alike and encourage preoperative optimization of patients.
BCAP is a centriolar satellite protein and inhibitor of ciliogenesis
Authors: de Saram Paul , Iqbal Anila , Murdoch Jennifer N. , Wilkinson Christopher J. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
The centrosome and cilium are organelles with important roles in microtubule organisation, cell division, cell signalling, embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. The two organelles are mutually exclusive. The centriole/basal body is found at the core of the centrosome (centriole) or at the base of the cilium (basal body) and to change which organelle is present in a cell requires modification to the centriole/basal body both in terms of composition and sub-cellular localisation. While many protein components required for centrosome and cilium biogenesis have been described, there are far fewer known inhibitors of ciliogenesis. Here, we show that a protein called BCAP and labelled in the sequence databases as ODF2-like (ODF2L) is a ciliation inhibitor. We show that it is a centriolar satellite protein. Furthermore, our data suggest that BCAP exists as two isoforms with subtly different roles in inhibition of ciliogenesis. Both are required to prevent ciliogenesis and one additionally controls cilium length after ciliogenesis has completed.
Brownian Inventory Models with Convex Holding Cost, Part 1: Average-Optimal Controls
Authors: Dai J. G. , Yao Dacheng 
Published: August 2017

We consider an inventory system in which inventory level fluctuates as a Brownian motion in the absence of control. The inventory continuously accumulates cost at a rate that is a general convex function of the inventory level, which can be negative when there is a backlog. At any time, the inventory level can be adjusted by a positive or negative amount, which incurs a fixed cost and a proportional cost. The challenge is to find an adjustment policy that balances the holding cost and adjustment cost to minimize the long-run average cost. When both upward and downward fixed costs are positive, our problem is an impulse control problem. When both fixed costs are zero, our problem is a singular or instantaneous control problem. For the impulse control problem, we prove that a four-parameter control band policy is optimal among all feasible policies. For the singular control problem, we prove that a two-parameter control band policy is optimal. We use a lower-bound approach, widely known as the “verification theorem”, to prove the optimality of a control band policy for both the impulse and singular control problems. Our major contribution is to prove the existence of a “smooth” solution to the free boundary problem under some mild assumptions on the holding cost function. The existence proof leads naturally to a numerical algorithm to compute the optimal control band parameters. We demonstrate that the lower-bound approach also works for a Brownian inventory model which prohibits an inventory backlog. A companion paper (“Brownian inventory models with convex holding cost, part 2: discount-optimal controls”, Stochastic Systems, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 500–573) explains how to adapt the lower-bound approach to study a Brownian inventory model under a discounted cost criterion.
Asymptotically Optimal Dynamic Pricing for Network Revenue Management
Authors: Atar Rami , Reiman Martin I. 
Published: August 2017

A dynamic pricing problem that arises in a revenue management context is considered, involving several resources and several demand classes, each of which uses a particular subset of the resources. The arrival rates of demand are determined by prices, which can be dynamically controlled. When a demand arrives, it pays the posted price for its class and consumes a quantity of each resource commensurate with its class. The time horizon is finite: at time T the demands cease, and a terminal reward (possibly negative) is received that depends on the unsold capacity of each resource. The problem is to choose a dynamic pricing policy to maximize the expected total reward. When viewed in diffusion scale, the problem gives rise to a diffusion control problem whose solution is a Brownian bridge on the time interval [0, T]. We prove diffusion-scale asymptotic optimality of a dynamic pricing policy that mimics the behavior of the Brownian bridge. The ‘target point’ of the Brownian bridge is obtained as the solution of a finite dimensional optimization problem whose structure depends on the terminal reward. We show that, in an airline revenue management problem with no-shows and overbooking, under a realistic assumption on the resource usage of the classes, this finite dimensional optimization problem reduces to a set of newsvendor problems, one for each resource.
On the Dynamic Control of Matching Queues
Authors: Gurvich Itai , Ward Amy 
Published: August 2017

We consider the optimal control of matching queues with random arrivals. In this model, items arrive to dedicated queues, and wait to be matched with items from other (possibly multiple) queues. A match type corresponds to the set of item classes required for a match. Once a decision has been made to perform a match, the matching itself is instantaneous and the matched items depart from the system. We consider the problem of minimizing finite-horizon cumulative holding costs. The controller must decide which matchings to execute given multiple options. In principle, the controller may choose to wait until some “inventory” of items builds up to facilitate more profitable matches in the future.We introduce a multi-dimensional imbalance process, that at each time t, is given by a linear function of the cumulative arrivals to each of the item classes. A non-zero value of the imbalance at time t means that no control could have matched all the items that arrived by time t. A lower bound based on the imbalance process can be specified, at each time point, by a solution to an optimization problem with linear constraints. While not achievable in general, this lower bound can be asymptotically approached under a dedicated item condition (an analogue of the local traffic condition in bandwidth sharing networks). We devise a myopic discrete-review matching control that asymptotically–as the arrival rates become large–achieves the imbalance-based lower bound.
Tightness of Stationary Distributions of a Flexible-Server System in the Halfin-Whitt Asymptotic Regime
Authors: Stolyar Alexander L. 
Published: August 2017

A large-scale flexible service system with two large server pools and two types of customers is considered. Servers in pool 1 can only serve type 1 customers, while server in pool 2 are flexible – they can serve both types 1 and 2. (This is a so-called “N-system.”) The customer arrival processes are Poisson and customer service requirements are independent exponentially distributed. The service rate of a customer depends both on its type and the pool where it is served. A priority service discipline, where type 2 has priority in pool 2, and type 1 prefers pool 1, is considered. We consider the Halfin-Whitt asymptotic regime, where the arrival rate of customers and the number of servers in each pool increase to infinity in proportion to a scaling parameter n, while the overall system capacity exceeds its load by [Formula: see text]. For this system we prove tightness of diffusion-scaled stationary distributions. Our approach relies on a single common Lyapunov function G(n)(x), depending on parameter n and defined on the entire state space as a functional of the drift-based fluid limits (DFL). Specifically, [Formula: see text], where y(n)(·) is the DFL starting at x, and g(·) is a “distance” to the origin. (g(·) is same for all n). The key part of the analysis is the study of the (first and second) derivatives of the DFLs and function G(n)(x). The approach, as well as many parts of the analysis, are quite generic and may be of independent interest.
Heavy-Traffic Limits for a Fork-Join Network in the Halfin-Whitt Regime
Authors: Lu Hongyuan , Pang Guodong 
Published: August 2017

We study a fork-join network with a single class of jobs, which are forked into a fixed number of parallel tasks upon arrival to be processed at the corresponding multi-server stations. After service completion, each task will join a buffer associated with the service station waiting for synchronization, called “unsynchronized queue”. The synchronization rule requires that all tasks from the same job must be completed, referred to as “non-exchangeable synchronization”. Once synchronized, jobs will leave the system immediately. Service times of the parallel tasks of each job can be correlated and form a sequence of i.i.d. random vectors with a general continuous joint distribution function. We study the joint dynamics of the queueing and service processes at all stations and the associated unsynchronized queueing processes. The main mathematical challenge lies in the “resequencing” of arrival orders after service completion at each station. As in Lu and Pang (2015) for the infinite-server fork-join network model, the dynamics of all the aforementioned processes can be represented via a multiparameter sequential empirical process driven by the service vectors for the parallel tasks of each job. We consider the system in the Halfin-Whitt regime, and prove a functional law of large number and a functional central limit theorem for queueing and synchronization processes. In this regime, although the delay for service at each station is asymptotically negligible, the delay for synchronization is of the same order as the service times.
Gene Expression Signatures in Circulating Tumor Cells Correlate with Response to Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Bredemeier Maren , Edimiris Philippos , Mach Pawel , Kubista Mikael , Sjöback Robert , Rohlova Eva , Kolostova Katarina , Hauch Siegfried , Aktas Bahriye , Tewes Mitra , Kimmig Rainer , Kasimir-Bauer Sabine 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are thought to be an ideal surrogate marker to monitor disease progression in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We investigated the prediction of treatment response in CTCs of MBC patients on the basis of the expression of 46 genes.

METHODS
From 45 MBC patients and 20 healthy donors (HD), 2 × 5 mL of blood was collected at the time of disease progression (TP0) and at 2 consecutive clinical staging time points (TP1 and TP2) to proceed with the AdnaTest EMT-2/StemCellSelectTM (QIAGEN). Patients were grouped into (a) responder (R) and non-responder (NR) at TP1 and (b) overall responder (OR) and overall non-responder (ONR) at TP2. A 46-gene PCR assay was used for preamplification and high-throughput gene expression profiling. Data were analyzed by use of GenEx (MultiD) and SAS.

RESULTS
The CTC positivity was defined by the four-gene signature (EPCAM, KRT19, MUC1, ERBB2 positivity). Fourteen genes were identified as significantly differentially expressed between CTC+ and CTC− patients (KRT19, FLT1, EGFR, EPCAM, GZMM, PGR, CD24, KIT, PLAU, ALDH1A1, CTSD, MKI67, TWIST1, and ERBB2). KRT19 was highly expressed in CTC+ patients and ADAM17 in the NR at TP1. A significant differential expression of 4 genes (KRT19, EPCAM, CDH1, and SCGB2A2) was observed between OR and ONR when stratifying the samples into CTC+ or CTC−.

CONCLUSIONS
ADAM17 could be a key marker in distinguishing R from NR, and KRT19 was powerful in identifying CTCs.
Jacques Ellul and the inefficiency of friendship: Social life and The Technological Society
Authors: Bennett Stephanie 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The difference between a technocrat and a technophobe is easy to discern. One celebrates the progress of technology as panacea for societal ills, clearly believing that human conundrums caused by its progress will be eliminated as the technologies mature. A technophobe, on the other hand, is reticent, even fearful of the changes brought about by technology, uncomfortable and uncertain about how these changes will affect the world. What is not as readily discernible is whether the bulk of those adopting new technologies give a second thought to either stance or whether the culture-shaping power involved in using them ever registers in their awareness. Jacques Ellul’s seminal work, The Technological Society, addresses this power through careful and constructive analysis. With particular attention to the emergence of social media, this article explores Ellul’s sociological reflections in regard to friendship in the technological society – its inefficiency, its efficacy and its ultimate place in the formation of all that it means to be human.
From the ground to the clouds: Minimalist and maximalist footwear in the sport of running
Authors: Picciotto Bryan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Exploring the sport of running from a media ecology perspective, this article analyses minimalist and maximalist running shoe technologies. As extensions of the human body, minimalist and maximalist footwear afford different material, perceptual and aesthetic experiences of running: maximalist shoes push runners’ feet up to the clouds and minimalist shoes pull them down to the ground. In running culture, these affordances are rhetorically articulated through discourses of minimalism and maximalism, which contrastingly construe how footwear technologies mediate relations between human bodies and natural environments.
Curso básico de didáctica de las ciencias enseñanza secundaria profesorado de ciencias en formación y en activo
Authors: Gallego-Torres Adriana Patricia 
Published: August 2017

Este escrito presenta una reseña del libro escrito por los investigadores: Jaime Carrascosa Alís, Josep Lluís Domenech, Joaquín Martínez Torregrosa, Luis Osuna García y Rafaela Verdú Carbonell y con ISBN: 978-84-616-9964-3.Basic course teaching science secondary education science teachers in training and activeThis paper presents a book review written by researchers: Jaime Carrascosa Alis, Josep Lluis Domenech, Joaquín Martínez Torregrosa, Luis Osuna García and Verdú Carbonell and Rafaela ISBN: 978-84-616-9964-3Básico ciências curso de ensino ensino secundário professores de ciências em formação e activeEste trabalho apresenta uma resenha do livro escrito por pesquisadores: Jaime Carrascosa Alis, Josep Lluis Domenech, Joaquín Martínez Torregrosa, Luis Osuna García e Verdú Carbonell e Rafaela ISBN: 978-84-616-9964-3
La enseñanza abierta como estrategia para la formación en competencias investigativas en Educación Superior - Open teaching as a strategy for training in research competences in Higher Education
Authors: Álvarez-Guayara Denis Lorena , Arias-Vallejo Vivian Mayerly 
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo de reflexión tiene como objetivo exponer los aspectos conceptuales de la práctica educativa abierta (PEA) denominada “enseñanza abierta”, como estrategia para la formación en competencias investigativas en estudiantes de educación superior. Destacando cómo a través de la integración de TIC es posible transformar los ambientes educativos tradicionales, facilitando el intercambio de saberes entre los actores del proceso educativo, generando espacios de discusión y reflexión a través de la creación de conexiones y nodos de información especializados encaminados a la construcción del conocimiento de manera colectiva, característica particular del conectivismo como modelo pedagógico directamente relacionado con el uso de TIC, el cual promueve el aprendizaje por pares lo cual facilita la movilización y democratización del conocimiento, características que pueden ser aprovechadas para la práctica investigativa.