bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Faculty Knowledge of Human Subjects Protections in Research
Authors: Ybarra Anissa , Kupczynski Lori , Mundy Marie-Anne , Oller Stephen D. 
Published: September 2016

Institutions of higher education are continually engaging in human subject research at the faculty and student level. It is extremely important that all research involving human subjects is in compliance with the UnitedInstitutions of higher education are continually engaging in human subject research at the faculty and student level. It is extremely important that all research involving human subjects is in compliance with the United States (U.S.) Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Research Subjects. If faculty and students are not following the guidelines for the ethical conduct of human subject research, their institution will be at risk of losing any federal funding acquired through these studies and risk the possibility of having all research shut down. The lack of faculty knowledge in the area of human subjects research protections has been considered non-compliance for human subjects research. The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant relationship exists between the areas of faculty research experience in higher education and knowledge of the Total Governing Principles of U.S. Codes and Regulations. The study sought to find if faculty experience in research could predict their knowledge of human subjects research protections. In order to test each hypothesis, two statistical tests were conducted. A Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was utilized as well as a One-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Findings indicated that there is no statistical significance between the amount of faculty experience in research and their knowledge of the U.S. Codes and Regulations for human subjects research protections. States (U.S.) Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Research Subjects. If faculty and students are not following the guidelines for the ethical conduct of human subject research, their institution will be at risk of losing any federal funding acquired through these studies and risk the possibility of having all research shut down. The lack of faculty knowledge in the area of human subjects research protections has been considered non-compliance for human subjects research. The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant relationship exists between the areas of faculty research experience in higher education and knowledge of the Total Governing Principles of human subjects research protections U.S. Codes and Regulations. The study sought to find if faculty’s experience in research could predict their knowledge of human subjects research protections. In order to test each hypothesis, two statistical tests were conducted. A Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was utilized as well as a One-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Findings indicated that there is no statistical significance between the amount of faculty experience in research and their knowledge of the U.S. Codes and Regulations for human subjects research protections.
A escola e a educação inclusiva: professoras e alunos em cena
Authors: Ferreira Carla Mercês Rocha Jatobá , Lopes Tatiane Felipe 
Published: September 2016

O artigo analisa tópicos da educação inclusiva relativos a professores e alunos. Destaca como elementos discursivos situações observadas no cotidiano de duas escolas públicas de uma cidade do interior mineiro, como também falas e opiniões emitidas por professoras e alunos das respectivas escolas. Estes dados se configuram como resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida com o apoio do Programa de Iniciação Científica da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, no período 2011-2013. A pesquisa é qualitativa e os dados foram coletados através de observações sistemáticas e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados apresentados no artigo apontam para o desconforto e queixa pelo despreparo pedagógico para o exercício de uma educação inclusiva, por parte das professoras. O artigo argumenta em favor de uma melhor compreensão do cotidiano escolar, quando este se apresenta permeado por situações que podem ser tratadas de maneira inclusiva. Em modo conclusivo, destaca a urgência de mudanças no olhar docente sobre aquelas crianças que demandam atenção diferencial, atentando-se para que ‘déficits’ sejam minimizados e possibilidades educativas buscadas, como possível saída para o imobilismo que transparece nos pronunciamentos docentes.
Liver and Spleen Stiffness Measurements by Point Shear Wave Elastography via Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse
Authors: Balakrishnan Maya , Souza Fernanda , Muñoz Carolina , Augustin Salvador , Loo Nicole , Deng Yanhong , Ciarleglio Maria , Garcia-Tsao Guadalupe 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesMeasurements of liver stiffness and spleen stiffness are useful noninvasive ways to assess fibrosis and portal hypertension in patients with chronic liver disease. One method for assessing stiffness is by point shear wave elastography via acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI). Its advantage is that sites where stiffness is measured are visualized sonographically. However, its reliability has not been well established, and all studies done to date evaluating the use of ARFI in chronic liver disease have been performed outside the United States. We aimed to characterize the intraobserver and interobserver variability of ARFI‐measured liver and spleen stiffness.MethodsTwo hepatologists evaluated unselected hepatology outpatients with ARFI. Exclusions were hepatocellular carcinoma, ascites, a surgical shunt or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, portal thrombosis, and cholestatic disease. Each operator obtained 20 measurements from the right liver lobe and spleen. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated.ResultsA total of 177 patients were included: median age, 61 years; 85% male; and 43% obese. Intraobserver ICCs were the same for both observers for liver stiffness (0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85–0.92) and spleen stiffness (0.72; 95% CI, 0.61–0.80). Interobserver agreement was excellent for liver stiffness (ICC, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76–0.90) but not as good for spleen stiffness (ICC, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60–0.83). A body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or greater, waist circumference of greater than 105 cm, and skin‐to‐capsule distance of 2 cm or greater negatively affected the ICC for liver stiffness; small spleen size negatively affected the ICC for spleen stiffness.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this article is the first report of ARFI findings in a US population with chronic liver disease. Liver stiffness reproducibility was excellent, particularly in nonobese patients. Spleen stiffness reproducibility was excellent in those with larger spleens and therefore may be most useful in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
Completed Sonographic Anatomic Surveys
Authors: Glantz J. Christopher 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo determine how often fetal organ systems are imaged completely and whether this rate varies by hospital.MethodsAll initial sonographic anatomic examinations between 16 and 24 weeks from 3 hospitals (perinatal designation levels I–III) from January 2012 through December 2013 were identified in their obstetric and gynecologic anatomic survey report databases, focusing on 36 anatomic fields. Structures were grouped into regions: brain, face, spine, heart, abdomen, and extremities. Rates of complete visualization of each structure, structure grouping, and the total were calculated and compared by χ2 testing.ResultsFrom 7211 examinations (2578 from level I, 986 from level II, and 3647 from level III), the completion rate was 16.8% (I, 20.6%; II, 20.0%; and III, 13.2%; P < .00001). Brain and extremity imaging was complete 85% of the time or more but spine only 62.4% (sacrum consistently lowest). Completeness rates varied significantly (P< .00001) for the face (28.1%–64.4%, due to low rates of clearing lips at level III, and level I not clearing profiles), heart (37.3%–56.1%, level I < II < III), and abdomen (65.2%–85.7%, due to lower rates of clearing kidneys at level I). Completion of both the heart and spine was 32.0% (I, 23.0%; II, 25.4%; and III, 40.2%; P < .00001).ConclusionsWith a comprehensive reporting system, completion rates for full anatomic sonograms are low. Facial, cardiac, and spinal structures are least complete, and follow‐up examinations often remain incomplete. Completion benchmarks would be helpful because “incomplete” studies lead to repeated examinations that increase health care costs.
Rethinking flood hazard at the global scale
Authors: Schumann Guy J.‐P. , Stampoulis Dimitrios , Smith Andrew M. , Sampson Christopher C. , Andreadis Konstantinos M. , Neal Jeffrey C. , Bates Paul D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFlooding is governed by the amount and timing of water spilling out of channels and moving across adjacent land, often with little warning. At global scales, flood hazard is typically inferred from streamflow, precipitation or from satellite images, yielding a largely incomplete picture. Thus, at present, the floodplain inundation variables, which define hazard, cannot be accurately predicted nor can they be measured at large scales. Here we present, for the first time, a complete continuous long‐term simulation of floodplain water depths at continental scale. Simulations of floodplain inundation were performed with a hydrodynamic model based on gauged streamflow for the Australian continent from 1973 to 2012. We found the magnitude and timing of floodplain storage to differ significantly from streamflow in terms of their distribution. Furthermore, floodplain volume gave a much sharper discrimination of high hazard and low hazard periods than discharge. These discrepancies have implications for characterizing flood hazard at the global scale from precipitation and streamflow records alone, suggesting that simulations and observations of inundation are also needed.
Multiangle photopolarimetric aerosol retrievals in the vicinity of clouds: Synthetic study based on a large eddy simulation
Authors: Stap F. A. , Hasekamp O. P. , Emde C. , Röckmann T. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe investigate the effect of cloud contamination and 3‐D radiative transfer effects on aerosol retrievals from multiangle photopolarimetric measurements in the vicinity of clouds. To this end multiangle, multiwavelength photopolarimetric observations are simulated using a 3‐D radiative transfer model for scenes with realistic cloud properties, based on a large eddy simulation. Spatial resolutions of 2 × 2, 4 × 4, and 6 × 6 km2 have been considered. It is found that a goodness‐of‐fit criterion efficiently filters out cloud contamination. However, it does not filter out all scenes that are affected by 3‐D radiative effects, resulting in small biases in the retrieved aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and single‐scattering albedo (SSA). We also found that measurements at higher spatial resolution (2 × 2 km2) do not result in retrievals closer to clouds compared to measurements at coarser spatial resolutions (4 × 4 and 6 × 6 km2). If cloud parameters are fitted simultaneously with aerosol parameters using a 1‐D radiative transfer model and the Independent Pixel Approximation, more successful retrievals are obtained in partially cloudy scenes and in the vicinity of clouds. This effect is most apparent at 6 × 6 km2 and only marginal at 2 × 2 km2 resolution. The retrieved aerosol AOT and SSA from the simultaneous aerosol and cloud retrievals still have a small bias, like the aerosol‐only retrievals. We conclude that in order to substantially improve aerosol retrievals in the vicinity of clouds, a retrieval algorithm is needed that takes into account 3‐D radiative transfer effects.
Hygroscopic growth and cloud droplet activation of xanthan gum as a proxy for marine hydrogels
Authors: Dawson K. W. , Petters M. D. , Meskhidze N. , Petters S. Suda , Kreidenweis S. M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractKnowledge of the physical characteristics and chemical composition of marine organic aerosols is needed for the quantification of their effects on cloud microphysical processes and solar radiative transfer. Here we use xanthan gum (XG)—a bacterial biopolymer—as a proxy for marine hydrogels. Measurements were performed for pure XG particles and mixtures of XG with sodium chloride, calcium nitrate, and calcium carbonate. The aerosol hygroscopicity parameter (κ) is derived from hygroscopic growth factor measurements (κgf) at variable water activity (aw) and from cloud condensation nuclei activation efficiency (κccn). The Zdanovskii, Stokes, and Robinson (ZSR) hygroscopicity parameter derived for multicomponent systems (κmix, sol) is used to compare measurements of κgf and κccn. Pure XG shows close agreement of κgf (at aw = 0.9) and κccn of 0.09 and 0.10, respectively. Adding salts to the system results in deviations of κgf (at aw = 0.9) from κccn. The measured κgf and ZSR‐derived hygroscopicity parameter (κmix, sol) values for different solutions show close agreement at aw > 0.9, while κgf is lower in comparison to κmix, sol at aw < 0.9. The differences between predicted κmix, sol and measured κgf and κccn values are explained by the effects of hydration and presence of salt ions on the structure of the polymer networks. Results from this study imply that at supersaturations of 0.1 and 0.5%, the presence of 30% sea salt by mass can reduce the activation diameter of pure primary marine organic aerosols from 257 to 156 nm and from 87 to 53 nm, respectively.
Hydrogel films and microcapsules based on soy protein isolate combined with alginate
Authors: Tansaz Samira , Durmann Ann‐Katrin , Detsch Rainer , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTAlginate hydrogels are combined with soy protein isolate (SPI), a plant derived protein with low immunogenicity, appropriate biodegradability and low cost, to produce biocompatible films, and microcapsules. The cell–material interaction is assessed through the use of mouse embryotic fibroblast cells (MEF cells) on films, and the results illustrate that the alginate/SPI hydrogel films support cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation. Cell biology results combined with degradation studies suggest that such hydrogels are promising biomaterials for soft tissue regeneration or as wound dressing materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 44358.
Effect of mahanimbine, an alkaloid from curry leaves, on high‐fat diet‐induced adiposity, insulin resistance, and inflammatory alterations
Authors: Jagtap Sneha , Khare Pragyanshu , Mangal Priyanka , Kondepudi Kanthi Kiran , Bishnoi Mahendra , Bhutani Kamlesh Kumar 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSpices and condiments, small but an integral part of the daily diet, are known to affect physiological functions. This study evaluated the effects of mahanimbine, a major carbazole alkaloid from Murraya koenigii (curry leaves), against progression of high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced metabolic complications in mice (male and female). Mahanimbine at 2 mg/kg (HFD + LD) and 4 mg/kg (HFD + HD) of body weight was administered daily along with HFD feeding for 12 weeks. At the end of the study, male HFD + LD and HFD + HD groups showed 51.70 ± 3.59% and 47.37 ± 3.73% weight gain, respectively, as compared with 71.02 ± 6.04% in HFD fed mice whereas female HFD + LD and HFD + HD groups showed 24.31 ± 1.68% and 25.10 ± 2.61% weight gain as compared with HFD group with 36.69 ± 3.60% of weight gain. Mahanimbine prevented HFD‐induced hyperlipidemia and fat accumulation in adipose tissue and liver along with the restricted progression of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, mahanimbine treatment improved glucose clearance and upregulated the expression of insulin responsive genes in liver and adipose tissue. Male and female mice showed different traits in development of HFD‐induced metabolic disturbances; however, mahanimbine treatment exerted similar effects in both the sexes. In addition, mahanimbine lowered the absorption of dietary fat resulting in dietary fat excretion. In conclusion, daily consumption of mahanimbine and thereby curry leaves may alleviate development of HFD‐induced metabolic alterations. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(2):220–231, 2017
Tonic immobility differentiates stress responses in PTSD
Authors: Fragkaki Iro , Stins John , Roelofs Karin , Jongedijk Ruud A. , Hagenaars Muriel A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundTonic immobility (TI) is a state of physical immobility associated with extreme stress and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, it is unknown whether TI is associated with a distinct actual stress response, i.e., objective immobility measured by a stabilometric platform. This study made a first step in exploring this as well as differences in body sway responses between PTSD patients and healthy controls. We hypothesized that PTSD would be related to increased body sway under stress, whereas TI would be related to decreased body sway under stress.MethodsEye closure was selected as a PTSD‐relevant stress induction procedure. Body sway and heart rate (HR) were measured in 12 PTSD patients and 12 healthy controls in four conditions: (1) maintaining a stable stance with eyes open, (2) with eyes closed, (3) during a mental arithmetic task with eyes open, and (4) with eyes closed.ResultsAs predicted, PTSD patients showed increased body sway from eyes open to eyes closed compared to controls and this effect was eliminated by executing the arithmetic task. Most importantly, retrospective self‐reported TI was associated with lower body sway increases in PTSD and higher body sway decreases in controls from eyes‐open to eyes‐closed conditions.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings suggest that eye closure has a different effect on PTSD patients than controls and that high self‐reported TI might indicate a distinct stress response pattern, i.e., a proneness for immobility. It may be relevant to take such individual differences in stress‐response into account in PTSD treatment.
Helicobacter pylori overcomes natural immunity in repeated infections
Authors: Stenström Björn , Windsor Helen M. , Fulurija Alma , Benghezal Mohammed , Kumarasinghe M. Priyanthi , Kimura Kazufumi , Tay Chin Yen , Viiala Charlie H. , Ee Hooi C. , Lu Wei , Schoep Tobias D. , Webberley K. Mary , Marshall Barry J. 
Published: September 2016

Key Clinical MessageRepeated experimental reinfection of two subjects indicates that Helicobacter pylori infection does not promote an immune response protective against future reinfection. Our results highlight the importance of preventing reinfection after eradication, through public health initiatives, and possibly treatment of family members. They indicate difficulties for vaccine development, especially therapeutic vaccines.
Run‐to‐run optimization of batch processes with self‐optimizing control strategy
Authors: Ye Lingjian , Guan Hongwei , Yuan Xiaofeng , Ma Xiushui 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper deals with the run‐to‐run optimization problem of batch processes in the presence of uncertainty with a tailored self‐optimizing control (SOC) strategy. Firstly, the dynamic programming problem for the batch process is transformed into a static nonlinear programming (NLP) problem using the control parameterization method. Then combinations of output measurements are selected as controlled variables (CVs), which are batch‐wise controlled to account for uncertainties. However, although existing SOC methods appear directly applicable to such a static NLP formulation, a major problem therein is that the number of control parameters is generally large to maintain a satisfactory optimizing performance, which makes them inappropriate as being manipulated variables for closed‐loop optimization. To circumvent this difficulty, it is proposed to alternatively use the so‐called latent effective manipulated variables as the control system's manipulated variables, which are linear combinations of original control parameters, however, less in number whilst implicitly dominating optimal operation in the whole uncertain space. This way, the run‐to‐run self‐optimizing control system is designed with less process‐dependent CVs and operated with minimal complexity. A simulated fed‐batch reactor is provided to illustrate the proposed methodology.
An efficient virtual system clock for the wireless raspberry pi computer platform
Authors: Dutra Diego L. C. , Corrêa Edilson C. , Amorim Claudio L. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe use of Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) by Energy‐Efficient (EE) computer systems considerably increases the requirements regarding the design of efficient system clocks. On the one hand, the operation of a system clock must support the independent operating frequencies of the processor core units, the dynamic migration of the running processes between the processors core units, and the use of synchronization and time interpolation techniques to maintain the accuracy of the system clock. On the other hand, an efficient system clock has to minimize the overhead of its own operation, aiming at energy efficiency of EE computer systems.In this paper, we present the design and evaluation of the RVEC virtual system clock for the EE Wireless Raspberry Pi (RasPi) platform. In the RasPi platform, the use of DVFS for reducing the energy consumption hinders the direct use of the cycle count of the ARM11 processor core for building an efficient system clock. Therefore, a distinct feature of RVEC is to obviate this obstacle, such that it can make use of the cycle count circuit for precise and accurate time measurements, concurrently with the use of DVFS by the operating system of the ARM11 processor core. Specifically, this paper presents the design and experimental evaluation of an implementation of the RVEC virtual system clock in the Linux kernel of the RasPi platform with DVFS. Our experimental results validate the RVEC virtual system clock as an efficient system clock for the EE RasPi platform that runs the Linux operating system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.