bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of the bivalve genusPlicatulafrom Cretaceous and lower Cenozoic strata of California and Baja California
Authors: Squires Richard L. , Saul Louella R. 
Published: August 2016

The Cretaceous and early Cenozoic species of the shallow-marine, warm-water bivalvePlicatulafrom California (United States) and Baja California (Mexico) are reviewed, and three new species are named. All of these species are representatives ofPlicatulaand not of the closely related taxonHarpax,which is associated with high-latitude and cool-water regions. The earliestknown Cretaceous species ofPlicatulafrom the study area isP. variataGabb, 1864, from Lower Cretaceous (Hauterivian Stage) strata in northern California, and our studies show it to be conspecific withPlicatula onoensisAnderson, 1958.Plicatula allisoninew species is from Lower Cretaceous (Albian Stage) strata in Baja California, Mexico.Plicatula modjeskaensisnew species is from Upper Cretaceous (Turonian Stage) strata in the Santa Ana Mountains, southern California. A possible new species from the same strata is also mentioned. A poorly preserved specimen ofPlicatula? sp. is known from Upper Cretaceous (upper Campanian to lower Maastrichtian) strata in northern California.The only Paleocene species ofPlicatulafrom the study area isP. ostreiformisStanton, 1896, from lower Paleocene strata of Lake County, northern California, and our studies show it to be conspecific withOstrea buwaldanaDickerson, 1914. The only previously described Eocene species ofPlicatulafrom the study area isP. juncalensisSquires, 1987, from lower middle Eocene (“Capay Stage”) strata of Los Angeles County, southern California.Plicatula surensisnew species is from middle lower Eocene (“Capay Stage”) strata in Baja California Sur, Mexico. In addition, there is aPlicatula? sp. from Eocene strata of Baja California Sur, Mexico.AlthoughPlicatulais of uncommon occurrence north of Baja California, its thermophilic trait makes it useful in recognizing periods of warm climate.
Earliest Triassic origin of Isoetes and quillwort evolutionary radiation
Authors: Retallack Gregory J. 
Published: August 2016

Isoetes beestonii new species is the most ancient known species of this living genus. In earliest Triassic shales of the Sydney and Bowen Basins of Australia it is locally abundant as circlets of transversely wrinkled leaves. It was heterosporous with megaspores of Maiturisporites rewanensis and microspores of Lundbladispora sp. cf. L. springsurensis.Isoetes thus predates Pleuromeia from which it has been thought to have evolved. Australian Pleuromeia-like subarborescent lycopsids are here reviewed as whole plants, with names based on fertile structures, and include Cylostrobus sydneyensis Helby and Martin from the Sydney Basin, Pleuromeia dubia (Seward) Retallack from the Sydney and Canning Basins, and Cylostrobus indicus (Lele) new combination and Pleuromeia sternbergii (Münster) Corda for Germar, newly recorded from the Canning Basin.There are in addition an array of cormose lycopsids that formed compact conelike plants when fertile, intermediate in stature between Isoetes and Pleuromeia. One of these is Tomiostrobus australis (Ash) Sadovnikov, formerly regarded as a cone, but here reinterpreted as a small pioneering plant of oligotrophic lakes and ponds, like Isoetes. Its megaspores are Horstisporites and its microspores are the stratigraphically important Aratrisporites tenuispinosus. Other similar forms are Tomiostrobus polaris (Lundblad) new combination from the early Triassic of Greenland, T. mirabilis (Snigirevskaya) new combination from the early Triassic of the Tunguska Basin of Siberia, T. taimyrica (Sadovnikov) new combination from the Early Triassic of the Taimyr region of Siberia, Lepacyclotes ermayinensis (Wang) new combination from the middle Triassic of China, L. convexus (Brik) new combination from the middle-late Triassic of Kazachstan, and L. zeilleri (Fliche) new combination from the middle Triassic of France and Germany.The diversity of isoetaleans in early Triassic floras and the weak vascular system of permineralized Tomiostrobus and Pleuromeia contradict the traditional view that Isoetes evolved by reduction in size from Pleuromeia and that its opportunistic life style allowed it to avoid plant competition. It is now more likely that Isoetaceae were weedy survivors of Permian-Triassic extinctions. The adaptive radiation and decline of Triassic quillworts matches the recovery from near-extinction, then decline of therapsid reptiles, for which these plants may have been an important food.
Morphology, taxonomy, and classification of the order Eurypterida Burmeister, 1843
Authors: Tollerton V. P. 
Published: August 2016

Standards have been empirically developed to describe various morphological characters of eurypterids. The standards pertain to the following characters: 1) shape of the prosoma; 2) shape of the metastoma; 3) shape of the eyes; 4) position of the eyes; 5) types of prosomal appendages; 6) types of swimming leg paddles; 7) structure of the doublure; 8) differentiation of the opisthosoma; 9) structure of the genital appendages; 10) shape of the telson; and 11) types of ornamentation.For the first time, a uniform, standardized taxonomy is proposed for classification and identification of most genera. The taxonomy is based on the observation that most higher taxonomic levels for arthropods are based on the structure and arrangement of the appendages. Details of the taxonomy rely on the morphological standards proposed here.The order Eurypterida Burmeister, 1843, is here defined by the presence of only six pairs of prosomal appendages, the first pair being the chelicera, the next five pairs being the gnathobasic, uniramus legs. Suborders are characterized by the gross morphology of the chelicera. Superfamilies and families are characterized by the use of a single character complex, specifically the structure and arrangement of the second through sixth pairs of prosomal appendages. Genera are recognized by more specific standards.A new classification of the order Eurypterida is proposed. Three new superfamilies, Kokomopteroidea, Megalograptoidea, and Brachyopterelloidea, and five new families, Brachyopterellidae, Adelophthalmidae, Lanarkopteridae, Erieopteridae, and Hardieopteridae, are proposed.
By-the-wind-sailors from a Late Devonian foreshore environment in western Montana
Authors: Gutschick Raymond C. , Rodriguez Joaquin 
Published: August 2016

Three remarkable fossil medusoid hydrozoans (Plectodiscus latinautilus n. sp.) with disc, topsail, and pendant tentacular appendages were recovered from the latest Late Devonian beds of the Sappington Member of the Three Forks Formation in the Gallatin Range, southwest Montana. This is the first velellid reported from a Paleozoic beach paleoenvironment. Top and underside patterns of these chondrophorine velellids display well-preserved casts and mold imprints in fine siltstone. Outlines of the circular disc and the profile of the wide sail and tentacular structures embedded in soft tissue can be recognized.These floating colonial animals were moved along the southeast shores of the Sappington Basin during a time of eustatic sea level lowering and regression in a tropical setting. Colonies were washed up on the upper beach where they were stranded in the bubbling swash left behind by the surf. The foreshore was constructed of tabular, planar cross-bedded, seaward-dipping, foreset accretionary beds which contain parallel laminations and lime-coated grains. Bedding is inclined 17° to 24° seaward.
Late Paleozoic (Gondwanan) ostracodes in the Corumbataí Formation, Paraná Basin, Brazil
Authors: Sohn I. G. , Rocha-Campos A. C. 
Published: August 2016

An abundant, low diversity, poorly preserved Late Permian ostracode faunule was recovered from residues of dissolved limestone. Collections are from the Corumbataí Formation exposed near Conchas, about 194 km northwest of São Paulo and from a borehole into the upper part of the Corumbataí Formation. Although the Corumbataí Formation has been interpreted mainly as a restricted marine-transitional offshore/shoreface and tidal-flat deposit, the ostracodes represent nonmarine taxa. Steinkerns ofCandona, Cypridopsis?, Darwinula?, Gutschickia?, and genus unknown are illustrated in open nomenclature; they indicate freshwater influences. Several Permian marine genera from lower Gondwana (=Carboniferous-Permian), illustrated in open nomenclature, show that their steinkerns would differ from those illustrated here from Brazil. Although the Late Permian drainage from the north into the Paraná Basin has been considered to have been meager, rivers from the north must have supplied sufficient water to freshen the margins of the basin so that immigration of nonmarine ostracodes occurred.Based on the similarity of the distinctive lateral outline of the Brazilian specimens to the nonmarine living genusCandona, the stratigraphic range of the genus is tentatively extended into the Permian.
Revision of Lower Devonian (Emsian) brachiopod biostratigraphy and biogeography, central Nevada
Authors: Johnson J. G. 
Published: August 2016

A diverse, previously unknown fauna with Skenidioides and other small brachiopods, ostracodes, trilobites, and corals has been dated as gronbergi Zone on coexisting conodonts. Conodonts date the Leptocoelina globosa fauna as serotinus Zone. Cymostrophia seca, Strophodonta luxor, and Atrypa kobar are new species. These assignments and new occurrences allow retabulation of most Emsian brachiopod ranges in Nevada.Plotting of provincial, endemic, and cosmopolitan brachiopod genera on a time vs. percent graph shows that the shift through time of Nevada faunas from Eastern Americas Realm to Old World Realm took place gradually during Emsian transgression. Endemic genera were prominent during early phases of Devonian transgression.
Statistical study of Ozarkodina excavata (Branson and Mehl) and O. tuma Murphy and Matti (Lower Devonian, delta Zone, conodonts, Nevada)
Authors: Murphy Michael A. , Cebecioglu M. Kemal 
Published: August 2016

Denticle number per unit of length in the (P) element of contemporaneously occurring Ozarkodina excavata (Branson and Mehl) and O. tuma Murphy and Matti is a characteristic that shows that these taxa belong to two discrete species. Their morphological ranges with respect to this character do not overlap.Ozarkodina tuma has a short range within the delta Zone (Lower Devonian) of the central Great Basin and is useful in intrabasin correlation.
Vetupraeca n. gen. and Mucopraeca n. gen. (Cryptodonta, Bivalvia): A reappraisal of Late Devonian bivalves from the Hercynian Facies
Authors: Nagel-Myers Judith , Amler Michael R. W. , Becker R. Thomas 
Published: August 2016

Bivalves from the Late Devonian pelagic or Hercynian Facies of classical regions such as eastern North America and Europe have not been investigated for almost a century.A group of small, radially ribbed bivalves frequently occurs in association with ammonoids and conodonts in pelagic cephalopod limestones and shales of the latest Frasnian and early Famennian. These bivalves have traditionally been assigned to the Late Silurian genus Praecardium Barrande, 1881. Re-studying the types of the Late Devonian taxa, Cardium? vetustum Hall, 1843, Cardiola duplicata Münster, 1840, Praecardium clymeniae Beushausen, 1895, Praecardium melletes Clarke, 1904, and Praecardium multicostatum Clarke, 1904 shows that they differ significantly from Praecardium.As a result, two new genera, Vetupraeca n. gen. and Mucopraeca n. gen, are established. Furthermore, neotypes are designated for Cardiola nehdensis, Kayser, 1873 and Vetupraeca clymeniae (Beushausen, 1895), and lectotypes are chosen for Mucopraeca multicostata (Clarke, 1904) and Vetupraeca duplicata (Münster, 1840). These bivalve taxa were widely distributed in the subtropical to tropical, latest Frasnian/early Famennian outer shelf habitats of Laurussia and Gondwana.
Art. II.—Observations on Atmospheric Influence, chiefly in reference to the Climate and Diseases of Eastern Regions, in Five Parts
Authors: Ainslie W. 
Published: August 2016

“Aer quoque ipse, qui purus sacram vitæ flammam alit, impurus factus, eandem statim extinguere potest, vel multis vaporibus onustus, aut novicis quibusdam effiuviis corruptus, ingentem morborum cohortem inducere.”— Medicinœ Gregorii Conspectus.“To understand man, therefore, we must know wherefore it is that air is needful for his support: so to understand air, we must trace its relations to human life.”—Pascal.
Art. III.—An Account of the Batta Race in Sumatra
Authors: Low James 
Published: August 2016

The following description of the appearance and customs of the Battas in the island of Pulo Percha, or Sumatra, has been drawn from authentic sources, and may perhaps prove acceptable to the Society.The features of the Batta tribes are particularized by an uncommonly straight mouth. They are not very regular, but their expression is rather pleasing than otherwise. This last may gain too in the contrast it presents to the idea previously formed in the mind of an observer, of a savage—a devourer of his own species.
Integrating different understandings of landscape stewardship into the design of agri-environmental schemes
Authors: RAYMOND CHRISTOPHER M. , REED MARK , BIELING CLAUDIA , ROBINSON GUY M. , PLIENINGER TOBIAS 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYWhile multiple studies have identified land managers’ preferences for agri-environmental schemes (AES), few approaches exist for integrating different understandings of landscape stewardship into the design of these measures. We compared and contrasted rural land managers’ attitudes toward AES and their preferences for AES design beyond 2020 across different understandings of landscape stewardship. Forty semi-structured interviews were conducted with similar proportions of small holders, medium holders and large holders in southwest Devon, UK. Overall, respondents most frequently cited concerns related to the reduced amount of funding available for entry-level and higher-level stewardship schemes in the UK since 2008, changing funding priorities, perceived overstrict compliance and lack of support for farm succession and new entrants into farming. However, there were differences in concerns across understandings of landscape stewardship, with production respondents citing that AES do not encourage food production, whereas environmental and holistic farmers citing that AES do not support the development of a local green food culture and associated social infrastructure. These differences also emerged in preferences for AES design beyond 2020. We adapted a collaborative and coordinated approach for designing AES to account for the differing interests of land managers based on their understanding of landscape stewardship. We discuss the implications of this approach for environmental policy design in the European Union and elsewhere.
Developing Valid Measures of Emergency Management Capabilities within US Department of Veterans Affairs Hospitals
Authors: Dobalian Aram , Stein Judith A. , Radcliff Tiffany A. , Riopelle Deborah , Brewster Pete , Hagigi Farhad , Der-Martirosian Claudia 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroductionHospitals play a critical role in providing health care in the aftermath of disasters and emergencies. Nonetheless, while multiple tools exist to assess hospital disaster preparedness, existing instruments have not been tested adequately for validity.Hypothesis/ProblemThis study reports on the development of a preparedness assessment tool for hospitals that are part of the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA; Washington, DC USA).MethodsThe authors evaluated hospital preparedness in six “Mission Areas” (MAs: Program Management; Incident Management; Safety and Security; Resiliency and Continuity; Medical Surge; and Support to External Requirements), each composed of various observable hospital preparedness capabilities, among 140 VA Medical Centers (VAMCs). This paper reports on two successive assessments (Phase I and Phase II) to assess the MAs’ construct validity, or the degree to which component capabilities relate to one another to represent the associated domain successfully. This report describes a two-stage confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of candidate items for a comprehensive survey implemented to assess emergency preparedness in a hospital setting.ResultsThe individual CFAs by MA received acceptable fit statistics with some exceptions. Some individual items did not have adequate factor loadings within their hypothesized factor (or MA) and were dropped from the analyses in order to obtain acceptable fit statistics. The Phase II modified tool was better able to assess the pre-determined MAs. For each MA, except for Resiliency and Continuity (MA 4), the CFA confirmed one latent variable. In Phase I, two sub-scales (seven and nine items in each respective sub-scale) and in Phase II, three sub-scales (eight, four, and eight items in each respective sub-scale) were confirmed for MA 4. The MA 4 capabilities comprise multiple sub-domains, and future assessment protocols should consider re-classifying MA 4 into three distinct MAs.ConclusionThe assessments provide a comprehensive and consistent, but flexible, approach for ascertaining health system preparedness. This approach can provide an organization with a clear understanding of areas for improvement and could be adapted into a standard for hospital readiness.DobalianA, SteinJA, RadcliffTA, RiopelleD, BrewsterP, HagigiF, Der-MartirosianC. Developing valid measures of emergency management capabilities within US Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(5):475–484.
Work-related Injuries Among Emergency Medical Technicians in Western Turkey
Authors: Yilmaz Atakan , Serinken Mustafa , Dal Onur , Yaylacı Serpil , Karcioglu Ozgur 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesEmergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics are at serious risk for work-related injuries (WRIs) during work hours. Both EMTs and paramedics have higher WRI rates, according to the literature data. This study was designed to investigate causes and characteristics of WRIs involving EMTs and paramedics staffed in Western Turkey.MethodsAll health care personnel staffed in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in the city were interviewed face-to-face in their off-duty hours to inform them about the study. Excluded from the study were those who declined to participate in the study, those who were not on duty during the two-month study period, and those who had been working in the EMS for less than one year. The subjects were asked to answer multiple-choice questions.ResultsA total of 163 personnel (117 EMTs and 46 paramedics) comprised the study sample. Eighty-three personnel (50.9%) were female and mean age was 29.7 years (SD=8.4 years). The most common mechanisms of WRI, as reported by the personnel, were motor vehicle accidents (MVAs; 31.9%), needlestick injuries (16.0%), ocular exposure to bodily fluids (15.4%), and sharp injuries (9.8%), respectively. Needlestick injuries commonly occurred during intravenous line procedures (59.4%) and inside the cruising ambulance (n=20; 62.5%). Working inside the cruising ambulance was the most commonly accused cause of the WRI (41.3%).ConclusionParamedic personnel and EMTs are under high risk of WRI. Motor vehicle accidents and needlestick injuries were the most common causes of WRI. Strict measures need to be taken to restructure the interior design to protect personnel from all kinds of WRIs.YilmazA, SerinkenM, DalO, YaylacıS, KarciogluO. Work-related injuries among emergency medical technicians in Western Turkey. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(5):505–508.
Changes in Society and Changes in Approaches to Disability: The Need for a New Paradigm
Authors: Leung Paul 
Published: August 2016

Congratulations to all of you and ASORC on your 25th Anniversary. It is great to be able to be here with you at this historic time. I want to express my appreciation to organizers of this conference, ASORC and each of you here. I want to thank Trevor Hawkins for inviting me, and also to acknowledge Bert Biggs who gave me the opportunity to be involved with the Journal during the past few years.I also want to thank you for the honor of being able to share a few thoughts with you about rehabilitation counseling. It is particularly pleasing to me to be here, in that this presentation is on the eve, as some of you may know, of my leaving Australia, having been here for three years. It has been a wonderful time both personally and professionally — an opportunity not many have to practice their profession in a different country and culture — albeit not one that was totally foreign in that you all use English.I want to share a few thoughts today related to the rehabilitation and rehabilitation counseling profession and think a bit about what I see as happening as we stand on the brink of a new millennium. It is not new thinking nor particularly original, borrowing as I have from many sources, though I must take full responsibility for what I say. Also, I should emphasize that it is not offered as advice but rather a reinforcement of what many of you already know. As an educator and university professor, I do get stuck in one mode sometimes overemphasizing what I consider important. My remarks are based on my obviously American background but hopefully tempered with some of my experiences and observations here in Australia.
Mind the gap: a national audit of radiotherapy prescription conformance and traceability
Authors: Smith A. 
Published: August 2016

The Board of Faculty of Clinical Oncologists and The Royal College of Radiologists published the first edition of explicit guidelines in 1996 for “the management of the unscheduled interruption or prolongation of a radical course of radiotherapy”.The recommendations highlighted the significant detrimental effects on local tumour relapse rates in some cancer types, when the time taken to deliver a radical radiotherapy prescription is increased.A national audit was carried out in February 2001, to establish compliance and trace ability of radiotherapy prescription delivery. The audit aimed to establish if local protocols are in place and if regular audit process took place to promote continuous improvement to treatment delivery compliance.Sixty-four radiotherapy managers were invited to participate in the study, by completing a short questionnaire. A response rate of 74% was achieved.The findings from the study indicated that the majority of radiotherapy centres within the United Kingdom have a protocol for the management of radiotherapy prescription compliance, where causes in non-compliance are documented. In contrast, a statistically significant number of radiotherapy department fail to monitor or evaluate causes of radiotherapy prolongation.The author recommends, that, in order to reduce local tumour relapse rates, the use of a strategic, robust local and national audit system must be in place.The second edition of recommendations for managing radiotherapy prolongation was published in 2002. The theme of strategic auditing remains high on the agenda.