bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic challenges and surgical treatment of hydroureteronephrosis in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Tahas Stamatios Alan , Pope Juliet , Denk Daniela , Saunders Richard 
Published: July 2017

A two‐and‐half‐year‐old male neutered rabbit was referred for investigation of intermittent urinary disease of 13 months in duration. Case work‐up led to the diagnosis of unilateral hydroureteronephrosis following obstructive ureterolithiasis. The establishment of contralateral kidney function before ureteronephrectomy constituted a particular diagnostic challenge. This was assessed by a combination of imaging, serum biochemistry, urine protein to creatinine ratio and γ‐glutamyltransferase index. Ureteronephrectomy was subsequently performed, with initial remission of all clinical signs. However, an adhesion of mesenteric adipose tissue to the caecum was identified and resected following frequent re‐presentation. At the time of submission (800 days following initial surgery), the rabbit was still alive and healthy. The successful outcome may indicate a more favourable prognosis for rabbits with unilateral ureteronephrolithiasis and/or hydroureteronephrosis than is historically proposed.
Poor Prognosis Indicated by Venous Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters in Early-Stage Lung Cancers
Authors: Murlidhar Vasudha , Reddy Rishindra M. , Fouladdel Shamileh , Zhao Lili , Ishikawa Martin K. , Grabauskiene Svetlana , Zhang Zhuo , Lin Jules , Chang Andrew C. , Carrott Philip , Lynch William R. , Orringer Mark B. , Kumar-Sinha Chandan , Palanisamy Nallasivam , Beer David G. , Wicha Max S. , Ramnath Nithya , Azizi Ebrahim , Nagrath Sunitha 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Early detection of metastasis can be aided by circulating tumor cells (CTC), which also show potential to predict early relapse. Because of the limited CTC numbers in peripheral blood in early stages, we investigated CTCs in pulmonary vein blood accessed during surgical resection of tumors. Pulmonary vein (PV) and peripheral vein (Pe) blood specimens from patients with lung cancer were drawn during the perioperative period and assessed for CTC burden using a microfluidic device. From 108 blood samples analyzed from 36 patients, PV had significantly higher number of CTCs compared with preoperative Pe (P &lt; 0.0001) and intraoperative Pe (P &lt; 0.001) blood. CTC clusters with large number of CTCs were observed in 50% of patients, with PV often revealing larger clusters. Long-term surveillance indicated that presence of clusters in preoperative Pe blood predicted a trend toward poor prognosis. Gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR revealed enrichment of p53 signaling and extracellular matrix involvement in PV and Pe samples. Ki67 expression was detected in 62.5% of PV samples and 59.2% of Pe samples, with the majority (72.7%) of patients positive for Ki67 expression in PV having single CTCs as opposed to clusters. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of cell migration and immune-related pathways in CTC clusters, suggesting survival advantage of clusters in circulation. Clusters display characteristics of therapeutic resistance, indicating the aggressive nature of these cells. Thus, CTCs isolated from early stages of lung cancer are predictive of poor prognosis and can be interrogated to determine biomarkers predictive of recurrence. Cancer Res; 77(18); 5194–206. ©2017 AACR.
Inhibition of Heparanase in Pediatric Brain Tumor Cells Attenuates their Proliferation, Invasive Capacity, and In Vivo Tumor Growth
Authors: Spyrou Argyris , Kundu Soumi , Haseeb Lulu , Yu Di , Olofsson Tommie , Dredge Keith , Hammond Edward , Barash Uri , Vlodavsky Israel , Forsberg-Nilsson Karin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Curative therapy for medulloblastoma and other pediatric embryonal brain tumors has improved, but the outcome still remains poor and current treatment causes long-term complications. Malignant brain tumors infiltrate the healthy brain tissue and, thus despite resection, cells that have already migrated cause rapid tumor regrowth. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), major components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), modulate the activities of a variety of proteins. The major enzyme that degrades HS, heparanase (HPSE), is an important regulator of the ECM. Here, we report that the levels of HPSE in pediatric brain tumors are higher than in healthy brain tissue and that treatment of pediatric brain tumor cells with HPSE stimulated their growth. In addition, the latent, 65 kDa form of HPSE (that requires intracellular enzymatic processing for activation) enhanced cell viability and rapidly activated the ERK and AKT signaling pathways, before enzymatically active HPSE was detected. The HPSE inhibitor PG545 efficiently killed pediatric brain tumor cells, but not normal human astrocytes, and this compound also reduced tumor cell invasion in vitro and potently reduced the size of flank tumors in vivo. Our findings indicate that HPSE in malignant brain tumors affects both the tumor cells themselves and their ECM. In conclusion, HPSE plays a substantial role in childhood brain tumors, by contributing to tumor aggressiveness and thereby represents a potential therapeutic target. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(8); 1705–16. ©2017 AACR.
Potency-matched Dual Cytokine–Antibody Fusion Proteins for Cancer Therapy
Authors: De Luca Roberto , Soltermann Alex , Pretto Francesca , Pemberton-Ross Catherine , Pellegrini Giovanni , Wulhfard Sarah , Neri Dario 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A novel biopharmaceutical, consisting of the F8 mAb (specific to a splice isoform of fibronectin) simultaneously fused to both TNF and IL2, was found to react with the majority of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies in mouse and man, but not with healthy adult tissues. The product selectively localized to neoplastic lesions in vivo, as evidenced by quantitative biodistribution studies using radioiodinated protein preparations. When the potency of the cytokine payloads was matched by a single-point mutation, the resulting fusion protein (IL2-F8-TNFmut) eradicated soft-tissue sarcomas in immunocompetent mice, which did not respond to individual antibody–cytokine fusion proteins or by standard doxorubicin treatment. Durable complete responses were also observed in mice bearing CT26, C1498, and F9 tumors. The simultaneous delivery of multiple proinflammatory payloads to the cancer site conferred protective immunity against subsequent tumor challenges. A fully human homolog of IL2-F8-TNFmut, which retained selectivity similar to its murine counterpart when tested on human material, may open new clinical applications for the immunotherapy of cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2442–51. ©2017 AACR.
The ‘Quadrangular Duel’ and the Critique of Religious Unbelief
Authors: Scotti Paschal 
Published: July 2017

Assume that Christianity is to be destroyed, what prospect have Mr. Harrison and other like-minded persons of establishing a new religion which will do what was done by the old one? It appears to me that their attempts to do so are not only accidentally unsuccessful but essentially misconceived, and doomed to failure by the conditions under which they are undertaken. The old story of Talleyrand and the theophilanthropists puts the standing difficulty of all such creeds in a striking light. ‘Gentlemen’, he said, after listening to an exposition of their creed, ‘when Jesus Christ established a new religion he found it necessary to be crucified, dead, and buried, and to rise again the third day from the dead; go and do likewise, and your religion will be worth discussing’.
Fracture Surface Characterization of Dentin-bonded Interfacial Fracture Toughness Specimens
Authors: Tam L.E. , Pilliar R.M. 
Published: July 2017

Although the current trend in dentin bonding favors the development of a hybrid layer interdiffusion zone for micromechanical bonding, the exact nature of the dentin-composite bond is still unclear. The objective of this study was to characterize the fracture surfaces of specimens used to measure interfacial fracture toughness. Morphological (SEM) and chemical (EDS and XPS) surface analyses were used for characterization. Fracture toughness specimens generally failed along the dentin-bonded interface in agreement with observed clinical failure modes. Four sites of bond failure were identified within the dentin-composite interf aces when All-Bond 2, Scotchbond MultiPurpose, and Scotchbond 2 were used as the dentinal adhesives. These were located within (1) the smear layer, (2) a resin-modified layer between the interdiffusion zone and the adhesive resin, (3) a well-infiltrated hybrid interdiffusion zone, and (4) a non-infiltrated unsupported collagen layer.The interf acial region had a complex architecture which varied with the nature of the dentin, the dentin surface treatment, and the dentin bonding system. The sites of bond failure appeared to correlate with the interfacial fracture toughness and the extent to which polymerized resin infiltrated and acted to support the organic dentinal structures.
Value of Diagnostic Laparoscopy in Developing Countries
Authors: Zanoni Paolo , De Lalla Fausto 
Published: July 2017

A series is reported of 115 patients submitted to laparoscopy in two poorly equipped hospitals in Chad and Tanzania, with the indications for this diagnostic procedure and the findings in every patient. Laparoscopy was judged to have been definitively diagnostic in 74 (64.3%) and useful but not diagnostic in 30 (26.0%) of the 115 patients. On the grounds of the laparoscopic picture 24 patients (20.9%) underwent surgery and the other 91 (79.0%) received medical therapy. No serious complications ensued with any of the 115 cases studied. Laparoscopy is a safe procedure with a satisfactory diagnostic success rate. We would recommend wider use of this diagnostic tool in small hospitals in developing countries where laboratory facilities are usually inadequate.
Endogenous Eczema in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Kubeyinje E P 
Published: July 2017

The findings in 125 patients with endogenous eczema attending the skin clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital during a 2-year period are presented. In males nummular eczema was the commonest seen, followed by atopic, pityriasis alba, pompholyx and seborrhoeic eczema. In females seborrhoeic eczema was the most common, followed by nummular, atopic, varicose, pityriasis alba and pompholyx. The course of endogenous eczema is similar to that described from other parts of the world including Africa.
The Adrenal Gland in Dogs with Hyperadrenocorticalism; A Pathologic Study
Authors: Kelly D. F. , Siegel E. T. , Berg P. 
Published: July 2017

Bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia was present in 24 of 27 dogs with hyperadrenocorticalism. Two dogs had a unilateral adenoma, and one had a carcinoma of the adrenal cortex. Bilateral cortical hyperplasia was diffuse or nodular. The difference between the two patterns of hyperplasia was not associated with any consistent varation in the clinical or endocrinologic features. In the three dogs with adrenal cortical neoplasia there was marked cortical atrophy of the contralateral adrenal gland. Extracapsular nodular hyperplasia was common in the adrenals of dogs with hyperadrenocorticalism and also in older control dogs without endocrine disease. Ten of the dogs with bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia were examined postmortem; two had a chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary, but no pituitary lesion was found in the others.
Renal Disease in the Pigtailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina)
Authors: Giddens W. E. , Boyce J. T. , Blakley G. A. , Morton W. R. 
Published: July 2017

Spontaneous renal disease in the pigtailed macaque was evaluated in a prospective study of 20 apparently healthy monkeys that were killed and a retrospective study of 674 monkeys that died of spontaneous disease. Many apparently normal pigtailed macaques have a mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis of slight to moderate severity. Deposition of immunoglobulins, particularly IgM, was common in renal glomeruli and did not seem to correlate with renal disease. Glomerulonephritis was found in 14% of the adult monkeys that died of spontaneous disease; in 4.2% it was severe enough to have caused renal failure. Tubular nephrosis was the most common renal lesion (22.6% of adults) and was usually a nephrotoxicity resulting from treatment of diarrhea with nephrotoxic antibiotics. Other lesions found were incidental or were secondary to disease processes in other organs. Pigtailed macaques that have been in our colony at least six months have a higher incidence of renal disease than is reported elsewhere in Old World monkeys.
Electromyographic Predictors of Residual Quadriceps Muscle Weakness after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: McHugh Malachy P. , Tyler Timothy F. , Browne Michael G. , Gleim Gilbert W. , Nicholas Stephen J. 
Published: July 2017

Background Despite the high prevalence of residual quadriceps muscle weakness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, specific predictive factors have not been identified. Hypothesis Electromyographic analysis is a better predictor of residual muscle weakness than is preoperative strength. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods The quadriceps muscle strength of 37 patients (25 men, 12 women) was measured before reconstruction and 5 weeks and 6 months after surgery. Quadriceps surface electromyographic signals were recorded during all of the strength tests. Integrated electromyographic analysis and median frequency measurements were computed as deficits on the involved side. Patients also performed a single-legged hop test at the 6-month follow-up examination. Results The patients had significantly lower strength, integrated electromyographic analysis, and median frequency measurements on the involved side at all three time intervals. The best predictor of the quadriceps muscle strength deficit at 6 months was the combination of the preoperative median frequency deficit and the 5-week postoperative strength deficit. The best predictor of the hop test deficit at 6 months was the combination of preoperative deficits in integrated electromyographic analysis and median frequency. Conclusion Preoperative electromyographic indices of quadriceps muscle function and early postoperative strength were predictive of residual weakness and impaired function 6 months after reconstruction.
A Prospective, Randomized Evaluation of Arthroscopic Stabilization versus Nonoperative Treatment in Patients with Acute, Traumatic, First-Time Shoulder Dislocations
Authors: Bottoni Craig R. , Wilckens John H. , DeBerardino Thomas M. , D'Alleyrand Jean-Claude G. , Rooney Richard C. , Harpstrite J. Kimo , Arciero Robert A. 
Published: July 2017

Background Nonoperative treatment of traumatic shoulder dislocations leads to a high rate of recurrent dislocations. Hypothesis Early arthroscopic treatment for shoulder dislocation will result in a lower recurrence rate than nonoperative treatment. Study Design Prospective, randomized clinical trial. Methods Two groups of patients were studied to compare nonoperative treatment with arthroscopic Bankart repair for acute, traumatic shoulder dislocations in young athletes. Fourteen nonoperatively treated patients underwent 4 weeks of immobilization followed by a supervised rehabilitation program. Ten operatively treated patients underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with a bioabsorbable tack followed by the same rehabilitation protocol as the nonoperatively treated patients. The average follow-up was 36 months. Results Three patients were lost to follow-up. Twelve nonoperatively treated patients remained for follow-up. Nine of these (75%) developed recurrent instability. Six of the nine have required subsequent open Bankart repair for recurrent instability. Of the nine operatively treated patients available for follow-up, only one (11.1%) developed recurrent instability. Conclusions Arthroscopic stabilization of traumatic, first-time anterior shoulder dislocations is an effective and safe treatment that significantly reduces the recurrence rate of shoulder dislocations in young athletes when compared with conventional, nonoperative treatment.
Patellar Tendon or Semitendinosus Tendon Autografts for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?
Authors: Ejerhed Lars , Kartus Jüri , Sernert Ninni , Köhler Kristina , Karlsson Jon 
Published: July 2017

Background There are well-known problems with the use of bone-patellar tendon-bone autografts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, especially in terms of donor site morbidity. Hamstring tendon grafts have been increasingly used as an alternative, but there are very few controlled studies comparing the methods. Hypothesis Use of semitendinosus tendon grafts will cause less donor site morbidity and result in better knee-walking ability. Study Design Prospective randomized clinical trial. Methods Seventy-one patients who had a unilateral anterior cruciate ligament rupture underwent arthroscopic reconstruction with interference screw fixation and use of either bone-patellar tendon-bone or semitendinosus tendon graft. Outcome assessment was performed by physiotherapists not involved in the patients' care. Results At the 2-year follow-up, no differences were found in terms of the Lysholm score, Tegner activity level, KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side laxity measurement, single-legged hop test, or International Knee Documentation Committee classification results. The knee-walking test was rated difficult or impossible to perform by 53% of the bone-patellar tendon-bone group and by only 23% of the semitendinosus graft patients, a significant difference. Conclusions The semitendinosus tendon graft is at least an equivalent option to the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and we recommend its use.
Three-Dimensional Tibiofemoral Kinematics of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient and Reconstructed Knee during Walking
Authors: Georgoulis Anastasios D. , Papadonikolakis Anastasios , Papageorgiou Christos D. , Mitsou Argyris , Stergiou Nicholas 
Published: July 2017

Background It is possible that gait abnormalities may play a role in the pathogenesis of meniscal or chondral injury as well as osteoarthritis of the knee in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. Hypothesis The three-dimensional kinematics of anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees are changed even during low-stress activities, such as walking, but can be restored by reconstruction. Study Design Case control study. Methods Using a three-dimensional optoelectronic gait analysis system, we examined 13 patients with anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees, 21 patients with anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees, and 10 control subjects with uninjured knees during walking. Results Normal patterns of knee flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and internal-external rotation during the gait cycle were maintained by all subjects. A significant difference in tibial rotation angle during the initial swing phase was found in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees compared with reconstructed and control knees. The patients with anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees rotated the tibia internally during the initial swing phase, whereas the others rotated externally. Conclusions Patients with anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees experienced repeated episodes of rotational instability during walking, whereas patients with reconstruction experienced tibial rotation that is closer to normal. Clinical Relevance Repeated episodes of knee rotational instability may play a role in the development of pathologic knee conditions.
The Effect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency and Functional Bracing on Translation of the Tibia Relative to the Femur during Nonweightbearing and Weightbearing
Authors: Beynnon Bruce D. , Fleming Braden C. , Churchill David L. , Brown Daniel 
Published: July 2017

Background Much of what is known about functional bracing is derived from studies of the knee during unweighted or weightbearing conditions, whereas little is known about the transition between these postures. Hypothesis Bracing the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee during nonweightbearing, throughout the transition to weightbearing, and during weightbearing reduces the abnormal translations of the tibia relative to the femur to within the limits of normal. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Subjects with chronic anterior cruciate ligament tears were studied with and without braces. Anteroposterior shear and compressive loads were applied to the knee, and translations of the tibia relative to the femur were measured while subjects were nonweightbearing, throughout the transition to weightbearing, and during weightbearing. Results Bracing the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee resulted in a significant reduction of anteroposterior laxity values, to a level within the limits of the normal knee during nonweightbearing and weightbearing postures. In contrast, when the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees transitioned from nonweightbearing to weightbearing, the anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur was 3.5 times greater than in the normal knee, and bracing did not reduce this to within the limits of normal. Conclusions Bracing a knee with a chronic anterior cruciate ligament tear was effective in reducing abnormal anteroposterior laxity during nonweightbearing and weightbearing; however, braces were not effective in reducing the abnormal anterior translations produced by the change between these postures. Clinical Relevance This study explains why subjects with anterior cruciate ligament tears gain partial control of pathologic anteroposterior laxity with the use of a brace but may continue to experience abnormal translations during activity.
Knee Function after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Elite Collegiate Athletes
Authors: McAllister David R. , Tsai Albert M. , Dragoo Jason L. , McWilliams Justin , Dorey Frederick J. , Hame Sharon L. , Finerman Gerald A. M. 
Published: July 2017

Background Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are common in athletes, but there are few studies of long-term outcomes. Hypothesis Long-term knee function of anterior cruciate ligament-injured athletes is inferior to that of their uninjured teammates. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Thirty-three Division I-A athletes who had sustained an anterior cruciate ligament injury during their college career completed a series of questionnaires that assessed knee function and quality of life 2 to 14 years after injury. Their responses were compared with those of a matched cohort of their uninjured teammates. Results There were no differences in the mean Tegner scores, modified Lysholm scores, or in the scores of the SF-36 between groups. Sixteen anterior cruciate ligament-injured athletes scored A or B in the subjective portion of the International Knee Documentation Committee score and 17 scored C or D, whereas 24 control subjects scored A or B and 9 scored C or D, a statistically significant difference between groups. Five injured and 14 control athletes had participated at a professional or national team level after college. Conclusions Quality of life of elite collegiate athletes who sustained an anterior cruciate ligament injury was not significantly different from that of their uninjured teammates, but knee function differed between groups.