bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predisposing Factors for Any and Major Hypoglycemia With Saxagliptin Versus Placebo and Overall: Analysis From the SAVOR-TIMI 53 Trial
Authors: Cahn Avivit , Raz Itamar , Mosenzon Ofri , Leibowitz Gil , Yanuv Ilan , Rozenberg Aliza , Iqbal Nayyar , Hirshberg Boaz , Sjostrand Mikaela , Stahre Christina , Im KyungAh , Kanevsky Estella , Scirica Benjamin M. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Braunwald Eugene 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the impact of adding saxagliptin versus placebo on the risk for hypoglycemia and to identify predictors of any and major hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes included in the Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 53 (SAVOR-TIMI 53) study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 16,492) were randomized to saxagliptin or placebo and followed for a median of 2.1 years. Associations between any hypoglycemia (symptomatic or glucose measurement &lt;54 mg/dL) or major hypoglycemia (requiring extended assistance) and patient characteristics overall and by treatment allocation were studied.

RESULTS
At least one hypoglycemic event was reported in 16.6% of patients, and 1.9% reported at least one major event. Patients allocated to saxagliptin versus placebo experienced higher rates of any (hazard ratio [HR] 1.16 [95% CI 1.08, 1.25]; P &lt; 0.001) or major (HR 1.26 [1.01, 1.58]; P = 0.038) hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia rates (any or major) were increased with saxagliptin in patients taking sulfonylureas (SURs) but not in those taking insulin. Rates were increased with saxagliptin in those with baseline HbA1c ≤7.0% and not in those with baseline HbA1c &gt;7.0%. Multivariate analysis of the overall population revealed that independent predictors of any hypoglycemia were as follows: allocation to saxagliptin, long duration of diabetes, increased updated HbA1c, macroalbuminuria, moderate renal failure, SUR use, and insulin use. Predictors of major hypoglycemia were allocation to saxagliptin, advanced age, black race, reduced BMI, long duration of diabetes, declining renal function, microalbuminuria, and use of short-acting insulin. Among SURs, glibenclamide was associated with increased risk of major but not any hypoglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS
The identification of patients at risk for hypoglycemia can guide physicians to better tailor antidiabetic therapy.
AN X-RAY AND RADIO STUDY OF THE VARYING EXPANSION VELOCITIES IN TYCHO’S SUPERNOVA REMNANT
Authors: Williams Brian J. , Chomiuk Laura , Hewitt John W. , Blondin John M. , Borkowski Kazimierz J. , Ghavamian Parviz , Petre Robert , Reynolds Stephen P. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We present newly obtained X-ray and radio observations of Tycho’s supernova remnant using Chandra and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in 2015 and 2013/14, respectively. When combined with earlier epoch observations by these instruments, we now have time baselines for expansion measurements of the remnant of 12–15 years in the X-rays and 30 years in the radio. The remnant’s large angular size allows for proper motion measurements at many locations around the periphery of the blast wave. Consistent with earlier measurements, we find a clear gradient in the expansion velocity of the remnant, despite its round shape. The proper motions on the western and southwestern sides of the remnant are about a factor of two higher than those in the east and northeast. We showed in an earlier work that this is related to an offset of the explosion site from the geometric center of the remnant due to a density gradient in the ISM, and using our refined measurements reported here, we find that this offset is ∼23″ toward the northeast. An explosion center offset in such a circular remnant has implications for searches for progenitor companions in other remnants.
Optimizing the Reflective Observer Role in High-Fidelity Patient Simulation
Authors: Bonnel Wanda , Hober Christine 
Published: May 2016

Background:
The purpose of this descriptive secondary analysis of qualitative data was to gain insights into the role and opportunities of the reflective observer in high-fidelity patient simulation (HFPS). Although the value of HFPS in nursing education has been documented, the reflective observer role in HFPS may not be used to its potential.

Method:

This secondary data analysis of a broader study included qualitative interviews of those in observer roles (
N
= 23). This secondary analysis used content analysis to address research questions related to the reflective observer role.

Results:
Three themes emerged related to using the reflective observer role for self-assessment, peer review and debriefing, and team-focused learning.

Conclusion:

Implications for nursing education, including orienting all HFPS participants to reflective observer roles and opportunities, are addressed. Further study of this important role for both individual and team learning is indicated. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(6):353–356.]
Acerca de la eficacia y de la eficiencia
Authors: López Ujaque José Manuel 
Published: May 2016

<p>Nuestra idea occidental de eficacia es deudora de un entendimiento de raíz clásica en nuestros modos de relación con el mundo que nos rodea. Habitualmente establecemos una forma arquitectónica ideal –eîdos–, que fijamos como objetivo –télos–, y ponemos a trabajar todos los medios a nuestra disposición para que dicha forma y objetivo se acerquen al máximo.</p><p>Paralelamente, existe otra acepción de la eficacia radicada en el deario oriental en la que desaparece el activismo. Esta concentra su atención en una lectura precisa del potencial de los procesos en curso, según la cual uno como arquitecto nunca no deja de disminuir su injerencia</p>
Aircraft observations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids in the aerosols over China
Authors: Zhang Yan-Lin , Kawamura Kimitaka , Fu Ping Qing , Boreddy Suresh K. R. , Watanabe Tomomi , Hatakeyama Shiro , Takami Akinori , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Vertical profiles of dicarboxylic acids, related organic compounds and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracer compounds in particle phase have not yet been simultaneously explored in East Asia, although there is growing evidence that aqueous-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds may be responsible for the elevated organic aerosols (OA) in the troposphere. Here, we found consistently good correlation of oxalic acid, the most abundant individual organic compounds in aerosols globally, with its precursors as well as biogenic-derived SOA compounds in Chinese tropospheric aerosols by aircraft measurements. Anthropogenically derived dicarboxylic acids (i.e., C5 and C6 diacids) at high altitudes were 4–20 times higher than those from surface measurements and even occasionally dominant over oxalic acid at altitudes higher than 2 km, which is in contrast to the predominance of oxalic acid previously reported globally including the tropospheric and surface aerosols. This indicates an enhancement of tropospheric SOA formation from anthropogenic precursors. Furthermore, oxalic acid-to-sulfate ratio maximized at altitudes of  ∼  2 km, explaining aqueous-phase SOA production that was supported by good correlations with predicted liquid water content, organic carbon and biogenic SOA tracers. These results demonstrate that elevated oxalic acid and related SOA compounds from both the anthropogenic and biogenic sources may substantially contribute to tropospheric OA burden over polluted regions of China, implying aerosol-associated climate effects and intercontinental transport.
Dominant controls of transpiration along a hillslope transect inferred from ecohydrological measurements and thermodynamic limits
Authors: Renner Maik , Hassler Sibylle K. , Blume Theresa , Weiler Markus , Hildebrandt Anke , Guderle Marcus , Schymanski Stanislaus J. , Kleidon Axel 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. We combine ecohydrological observations of sap flow and soil moisture with thermodynamically constrained estimates of atmospheric evaporative demand to infer the dominant controls of forest transpiration in complex terrain. We hypothesize that daily variations in transpiration are dominated by variations in atmospheric demand, while site-specific controls, including limiting soil moisture, act on longer timescales. We test these hypotheses with data of a measurement setup consisting of five sites along a valley cross section in Luxembourg. Both hillslopes are covered by forest dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Two independent measurements are used to estimate stand transpiration: (i) sap flow and (ii) diurnal variations in soil moisture, which were used to estimate the daily root water uptake. Atmospheric evaporative demand is estimated through thermodynamically constrained evaporation, which only requires absorbed solar radiation and temperature as input data without any empirical parameters. Both transpiration estimates are strongly correlated to atmospheric demand at the daily timescale. We find that neither vapor pressure deficit nor wind speed add to the explained variance, supporting the idea that they are dependent variables on land–atmosphere exchange and the surface energy budget. Estimated stand transpiration was in a similar range at the north-facing and the south-facing hillslopes despite the different aspect and the largely different stand composition. We identified an inverse relationship between sap flux density and the site-average sapwood area per tree as estimated by the site forest inventories. This suggests that tree hydraulic adaptation can compensate for heterogeneous conditions. However, during dry summer periods differences in topographic factors and stand structure can cause spatially variable transpiration rates. We conclude that absorption of solar radiation at the surface forms a dominant control for turbulent heat and mass exchange and that vegetation across the hillslope adjusts to this constraint at the tree and stand level. These findings should help to improve the description of land-surface–atmosphere exchange at regional scales.
Will the Real Sport Historians Please Stand Up? Shadow Boxing with an Absent Presenter
Authors: Smith Maureen M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In June 2014, the Journal of American History published a special issue focused on sports history that, in part, contended that trained historians are better prepared to study sport history than those earning PhDs in other areas. While some contributors to the special issue celebrated the growth of the field, others lamented its lack of respect from their colleagues. My assessment is framed within the broader interdisciplinary field of kinesiology and argues that scholars in both history and kinesiology ought to be engaged in the conversation about the state of the field. These tensions related to academic qualifications and location of the field in history or kinesiology departments as the field grows are not new; nor are they are unique to sport history. Among my conclusions are the recognition of the multiple ways those in sport history can engage with broader audiences, as well as other inclusionary practices, to help foster relationships with our colleagues across the disciplines. Further, sport historians should also take some pride in the history of the field and the efforts of past sport historians who, in the face of colleagues who disrespected their area of study, ignored it and forged ahead, just as scholars do today.
Voorlopige maatregelen uit het economisch strafrecht in handen van het openbaar bestuur?
Authors: Algera B.F. 
Published: May 2016

Voorlopige maatregelen uit het economisch strafrecht in handen van het openbaar bestuur?
De voorlopige maatregelen ex artikel 28 en 29 Wet op de economische delicten zijn interessant indien daarmee de bestuurlijke reparatoire handhaving zou kunnen worden versterkt. Dwangsom of bestuursdwang zijn immers steeds vaker niet toereikend bij complexe overtredingen. Het gaat dan bijvoorbeeld om het verplichten tot het nalaten van bepaalde handelingen. Bij de rechtbank kan de officier van justitie verzoeken om bijvoorbeeld onderbewindstelling of tijdelijke stillegging van een onderneming. Deze maatregelen worden nu zelden opgelegd. De officier van justitie beschikt, anders dan het bestuur, immers vaak niet over de specifieke deskundigheid om te kunnen bepalen of een voorlopige maatregel geoorloofd is, hoe deze precies moet worden geformuleerd en wat de mogelijke impact en risico’s van de maatregel zijn. Wel is een nieuw samenspel tussen bestuur en Openbaar Ministerie vereist indien het bestuur deze bevoegdheid zou krijgen toebedeeld.
Noot bij ABRvS 7 oktober 2015, ECLI:NL:RVS:2015:3138 (Wet Aanscherping)
Authors: Stijnen R. 
Published: May 2016

ABRvS 7 oktober 2015, ECLI:NL:RVS:2015:3138 (Wet Aanscherping)
In haar uitspraak van 7 oktober 2015 stelt de Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State de Beleidsregel boeteoplegging Wav 2013 buiten werking door vast te houden aan de bedragen uit het oude beleid. In de noot wordt door Stijnen ingegaan op de tendens dat de wetgever bij het vaststellen van boetemaxima de evenredigheid uit het oog lijkt te verliezen. Betoogd wordt dat het daarom temeer van belang is dat de bestuursrechter vol toetst in boetezaken. De uitspraak van de ABRvS van 7 oktober 2015 is in dat verband toe te juichen.
Proficient brain for optimal performance: the MAP model perspective
Authors: Bertollo Maurizio , di Fronso Selenia , Filho Edson , Conforto Silvia , Schmid Maurizio , Bortoli Laura , Comani Silvia , Robazza Claudio 
Published: May 2016

Background.The main goal of the present study was to explore theta and alpha event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) activity during shooting performance. We adopted the idiosyncratic framework of the multi-action plan (MAP) model to investigate different processing modes underpinning four types of performance. In particular, we were interested in examining the neural activity associated with optimal-automated (Type 1) and optimal-controlled (Type 2) performances.Methods.Ten elite shooters (6 male and 4 female) with extensive international experience participated in the study. ERD/ERS analysis was used to investigate cortical dynamics during performance. A 4 × 3 (performance types × time) repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to test the differences among the four types of performance during the three seconds preceding the shots for theta, low alpha, and high alpha frequency bands. The dependent variables were the ERD/ERS percentages in each frequency band (i.e., theta, low alpha, high alpha) for each electrode site across the scalp. This analysis was conducted on 120 shots for each participant in three different frequency bands and the individual data were then averaged.Results.We found ERS to be mainly associated with optimal-automatic performance, in agreement with the “neural efficiency hypothesis.” We also observed more ERD as related to optimal-controlled performance in conditions of “neural adaptability” and proficient use of cortical resources.Discussion.These findings are congruent with the MAP conceptualization of four performance states, in which unique psychophysiological states underlie distinct performance-related experiences. From an applied point of view, our findings suggest that the MAP model can be used as a framework to develop performance enhancement strategies based on cognitive and neurofeedback techniques.
An Approach to Five‐Membered Lactams from Aliphatic Amides and Terminal Acetylenes by Nickel Catalysis
Authors: Lin Cong , Zhang Jitan , Chen Zhengkai , Liu Yue , Liu Zhanxiang , Zhang Yuhong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA nickel‐catalyzed facile synthesis of structurally diverse five‐membered lactams from aliphatic amides and terminal acetylenes with the assistance of an 8‐aminoquinolyl auxiliary has been achieved. A broad range of terminal acetylenes and aliphatic amides proved to be the efficient coupling partners, furnishing the corresponding lactams in moderate to good yields. The transformation is proven to undergo an oxidative alkynylation followed by the intramolecular annulation process. The methodology can be extended to aromatic amides and acrylamides, which provides an efficient and straightforward protocol for the construction of a variety of isoindolinone and pyrrolidinone derivatives.magnified image
Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of 1‐Alkynylcyclopropyl Tosylates and Related Substrates
Authors: Tindall Daniel J. , Krause Helga , Fürstner Alois 
Published: May 2016

Abstract1‐Alkynylcyclopropyl tosylates react with alkylmagnesium halides in the presence of catalytic ferric acetylacetonate [Fe(acac)3] under net propargylic substitution; allene formation, which is the prevalent reactivity mode of propargylic substrates otherwise, was noticed as a side reaction only when branched alkyl‐ or aryl‐Grignard reagents were used. These transformations represent the first successful iron‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of tert‐alkyl electrophiles.magnified image
Bioreduction of Precious Metals by Microorganism: Efficient Gold@N‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhou Weijia , Xiong Tanli , Shi Chaohong , Zhou Jian , Zhou Kai , Zhu Nengwu , Li Ligui , Tang Zhenghua , Chen Shaowei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe uptake of precious metals from electronic waste is of environmental significance and potential commercial value. A facile bioreductive synthesis is described for Au nanoparticles (ca. 20 nm) supported on N‐doped carbon (Au@NC), which was derived from Au/Pycnoporus sanguineus cells. The interface and charge transport between Au and N‐doped carbon were confirmed by HRTEM and XPS. Au@NC was employed as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), exhibiting a small onset potential of −54.1 mV (vs. RHE), a Tafel slope of 76.8 mV dec−1, as well as robust stability in acidic medium. Au@NC is a multifunctional electrocatalyst, which demonstrates high catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), as evidenced by an onset potential of +0.97 V, excellent tolerance toward methanol, and long‐term stability. This work exemplifies dual recovery of precious Au and fabrication of multifunctional electrocatalysts in an environmentally benign and application‐oriented manner.
Power modulation of electroencephalogram mu and beta frequency depends on perceived level of observed actions
Authors: Simon Shiri , Mukamel Roy 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe ability to understand actions and intentions of others is of great importance to social relationships and is associated with the mirror neuron system of the human brain. Whether conscious perception of specific actions is necessary to trigger activity in this system, or alternatively whether this response is independent of conscious perception is not known.MethodsWe addressed this issue by rendering videos of right hand movements invisible to conscious perception, and measuring electroencephalogram (EEG) power suppression in the mu (8–13 Hz) and beta (15–25 Hz) range as index corresponding to the magnitude of mirror neuron activity.ResultsIn the beta range over bilateral sensorimotor sites, we find that suppression indices follow the reported perceptual level of subjects with stronger suppression for consciously perceived trials. Furthermore, in the nonperceived trials, oscillation power is significantly suppressed relative to baseline. In the low mu range (8–10 Hz), oscillation power over the left sensorimotor site is significantly more suppressed in the consciously perceived versus nonperceived trials.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the intensity of mirror system responses during action observation decreases with the observers' perception level yet remains significant during observation of invisible actions. Such subliminal activity could help explain phenomena such as covert imitation.
Enhanced Catalytic Activity in Liquid‐Exfoliated FeOCl Nanosheets as a Fenton‐Like Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Jian , Jiao Xiu‐Ling , Xia Yu‐Guo , Liu Fang‐Fang , Pang Ying‐Ping , Zhao Xin‐Fu , Chen Dai‐Rong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA facile liquid‐phase exfoliation method to prepare few‐layer FeOCl nanosheets in acetonitrile by ultrasonication is reported. The detailed exfoliation mechanism and generated products were investigated by combining first‐principle calculations and experimental approaches. The similar cleavage energies of FeOCl (340 mJ m−2) and graphite (320 mJ m−2) confirm the experimental exfoliation feasibility. As a Fenton reagent, FeOCl nanosheets showed outstanding properties in the catalytic degradation of phenol in water at room temperature, under neutral pH conditions, and with sunlight irradiation. Apart from the increased surface area of the nanosheets, the surface state change of the nanosheets also plays a key role in improving the catalytic performance. The changes of charge density, density of states (DOS), and valence state of Fe atoms in the exfoliated FeOCl nanosheets versus plates illustrated that surface atomistic relationships made the few‐layer nanosheets higher activity, indicating the exfoliation process of the FeOCl nanosheets also brought about surface state changes.
New Trinuclear Complexes of Group 6, 8, and 9 Metals with a Triply Bridging Borylene Ligand
Authors: Yuvaraj K. , Bhattacharyya Moulika , Prakash Rini , Ramkumar V. , Ghosh Sundargopal 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTrinuclear complexes of group 6, 8, and 9 transition metals with a (μ3‐BH) ligand [(μ3‐BH)(Cp*Rh)2(μ‐CO)M′(CO)5], 3 and 4 (3: M′=Mo; 4: M′=W) and 5–8, [(Cp*Ru)3(μ3‐CO)2(μ3‐BH)(μ3‐E)(μ‐H){M′(CO)3}] (5: M′=Cr, E=CO; 6: M′=Mo, E=CO; 7: M′=Mo, E=BH; 8: M′=W, E=CO), have been synthesized from the reaction between nido‐[(Cp*M)2B3H7] (nido‐1: M=Rh; nido‐2: M=RuH, Cp*=η5‐C5Me5) and [M′(CO)5⋅thf] (M′=Mo and W). Compounds 3 and 4 are isoelectronic and isostructural with [(μ3‐BH)(Cp*Co)2(μ‐CO)M′(CO)5], (M′=Cr, Mo and W) and [(μ3‐BH)(Cp*Co)2(μ‐CO)(μ‐H)2M′′H(CO)3], (M′′=Mn and Re). All compounds are composed of a bridging borylene ligand (B−H) that is effectively stabilized by a trinuclear framework. In contrast, the reaction of nido‐1 with [Cr(CO)5⋅thf] gave [(Cp*Rh)2Cr(CO)3(μ‐CO)(μ3‐BH)(B2H4)] (9). The geometry of 9 can be viewed as a condensed polyhedron composed of [Rh2Cr(μ3‐BH)] and [Rh2CrB2], a tetrahedral and a square pyramidal geometry, respectively. The bonding of 9 can be considered by using the polyhedral fusion formalism of Mingos. All compounds have been characterized by using different spectroscopic studies and the molecular structures were determined by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Mechanisms of Membrane Pore Formation by Amyloidogenic Peptides in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Chen Charles H. , Khan Ayesha , Huang Joseph Jen‐Tse , Ulmschneider Martin B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUsing unbiased atomic‐detailed molecular dynamics simulations, the C‐terminal fragments of TDP‐43 are observed to aggregate and form disordered‐toroidal pores in a lipid bilayer. Cytotoxicity of TDP‐43 may be inferred from the observation that the membrane pores catalyze lipid flip‐flop between bilayer leaflets and conduct water at high rates.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Electric Properties of Mixed‐Layered Phases in the System Bi5Nb3O15‐Bi5Ti1.5W1.5O15.
Authors: YANOVSKII V. K. , VORONKOVA V. I. , LEONT'EVA I. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSolid solutions on the basis of Bi5Ti1.5W1.5O15 undergo ferroelectric phase transitions, whose temp. rises from 735 to 852 °C on increasing the content of Nb.
ChemInform Abstract: Polychalcogenide Synthesis in Molten Salts. Novel One‐Dimensional Compounds in the K/Cu/S System Containing Exclusively S2‐ 4 Ligands.
Authors: KANATZIDIS M. G. , PARK Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe novel compounds α‐KCuS4 (I) and β‐KCuS4 (II) are prepared by reaction of Cu with K2S4 at 215 and 250 °C, resp. (vacuum, 4 d, ∼100% yield).