bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teste oral com glicose de milho com e sem sódio produzem diferentes curvas de insulina e de glicose em equinos sadios
Authors: Trindade Keity Laiane Gomes , Oliveira Virgínia Theodora Brito Marques de , Cavalcanti Maria Eduarda De Oliveira , Da Silva Micheline Ozana , Manso Helena Emilia Cavalcanti da Costa Cordeiro , Ribeiro Filho José Dantas , Abreu José Mário Girão , Manso Filho Helio Cordeiro 
Published: May 2017

O uso em larga escala dos grãosde cereais processados para equinos tem sido associado à obesidade, síndrome metabólica e às disfunções na microbiota intestinal nessa espécie. Esses trabalhos objetivaram avaliar o teste oral com glicose de milho, com e sem sódio, sobre as concentrações plasmáticas de glicose, insulina e proteínas plasmáticas em cavalos sadios. A hipótese a ser testada é de que a adição de sódio à glicose de milho irá produzir diferentes curvas de glicose e de insulina quando os equinos em jejum, quando comparado com similar produto sem sódio. Foram utilizados seis equinos, distribuídos em um fatorial com três tratamentos (6x3). Os tratamentos foram: 400cal de glicose de milho com sódio (T-GNa400), 200cal de glicose de milho com sódio (T-GNa200), e 400cal de glicose de milho sem sódio (T-G400). Amostras de sangue foram colhidas com os animais nas seguintes fases: pré-teste (jejum) e 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0, 3,0 e 4,0 horas após a ingestão do tratamento. O plasma obtido foi utilizado para determinação da glicose ([GLIC]), insulina ([INSU]) e proteínas plasmáticas totais ([PPT]). Os resultados foram submetidos ao ANOVA com dois fatores (três tratamentos e sete fases) e ao teste deTukey, pelo programa SigmaPlot 13.0, com P estabelecido em 5%. Os resultados indicaram que [GLIC] difere tanto entre os tratamentos como entre as fases (P < 0,001), e que há interação significativa entre os tratamentos e as fases (P = 0,044). A [GLIC] foi mais elevada no T-GNa400 (~113,8 mg/dL), seguido pelo T-G400 (~106,4 mg/dL) e mais baixa no T-GNa200 (98,5 mg/ dL) (P < 0,001). Também a [INSU]apresentou diferenças entre os tratamentos e entre as fases (P < 0,001), e com interação significativa entre os tratamentos e as fases (P = 0.037). A maior [INSU] foi observada no T-GNa400 (~18,6 µIU/mL), seguido pelo T-G400 (~13,1 µIU/mL) e pelo T-GNa200 (~9,3 µIU/mL) (P < 0,001). Não ocorreram diferenças entre os tratamentos e entre as fases na [PPT]. Conclui-se que a glicose de milho, com sódio, durante o teste oral com ingestão produz curvas sanguíneas de glicose e insulina quando comparado com produto sem sódio, quando os equinos estão em jejum, sendo mais elevadas no T-GNa400.
One Health: Children, Waterfowl, and Lead Exposure in Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Edwards Joshua R. , Fossum Theresa W. , Nichols Karen J. , Noah Donald L. , Tarpley Raymond J. , Prozialeck Walter C. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The One Health concept focuses on the interrelationship between the health of humans, animals, and the environment. There is a delicate balance among these relationships, and when an imbalance exists, the effects can be catastrophic. Such an imbalance occurred in 2010, when elevated lead exposure in rural communities in northwestern Nigeria resulted in the deaths of an estimated 400 children younger than 5 years in a 12-month period. Before the children became ill, waterfowl began to die in great numbers, a connection that would not be realized until much later. This review covers toxicodynamics and the neurotoxic effects of lead in the developing central nervous system, the role that animals can play in recognizing lead exposure and contamination, and environmental sources of lead exposure. The experiences in Nigeria may be especially pertinent to the emerging problems associated with lead exposure and poisoning in the United States.
Use of the Fascial Distortion Model to Evaluate a Limp in a Child
Authors: James Sarah J. , Hudnall Jasmine 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Pediatric limp is a relatively common condition in primary care and can be challenging to diagnose and manage. Common causes of painful pediatric limp include transient synovitis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and trauma. The authors present the case of an 11-year-old girl with a painful limp and anterior ankle pain of unclear origin. Osteopathic structural examination revealed a somatic dysfunction known as continuum distortion, 1 of 6 fascial alterations identified in the fascial distortion model. Myofascial release was applied, providing rapid, complete resolution of symptoms. This case demonstrates that osteopathic physicians may consider the fascial distortion model framework when identifying causes of pain in patients.
Spanish ‘depalatalization’: the synchronic, diachronic and perception perspectives
Authors: Bessett Ryan M. , Colina Sonia 
Published: May 2017

Spanish has a restriction on palatal nasals and laterals in the coda causing them to be realized as dental/alveolar coronals. In the onset position, the palatal point of articulation is retained, bello ‘beautiful-masc.’, beldad ‘beauty’; doña ‘Madam’, don ‘Mister’. Alternations such as these led phonologists to propose a rule of depalatalization that turns an underlying palatal nasal/lateral into a coronal (Contreras 1977; Harris 1983). Pensado (1997) and Harris (1999) later tried to debunk this rule, the former on psycholinguistic grounds, and the latter on the basis of the word structure of Spanish (palatals are always followed by –e). More recently, within an optimality-theoretic framework and through loan word evidence, Lloret and Mascaró (2006) argue again in favor of an active process of depalatalization in Modern Spanish. Taking Lloret and Mascaró as its point of departure, this paper expands the discussion on depalatalization to consider diachronic data and the role of the underlying representation and the perception grammar. Historical data supports depalatalization as an active phenomenon in Old and Medieval Spanish; yet the morphophonological alternations cannot be considered active/productive synchronically. Unlike previous serial models of phonology, an OT framework allows for the incorporation of diachronic data into the analysis, thus explaining how the current situation came about and shedding light on synchronic alternations. OT also provides a formalization of the role of the underlying representation in the diachronic change and in synchronic loanword evidence, thus providing support for depalatalization as an active phonotactic restriction.
Prevalence and seroepidemiology ofHaemophilus parasuisin Sichuan province, China
Authors: Wang Zhenghao , Zhao Qin , Wei Hailin , Wen Xintian , Cao Sanjie , Huang Xiaobo , Wu Rui , Yan Qigui , Huang Yong , Wen Yiping 
Published: May 2017

Haemophilus parasuis, the causative agent of Glässer’s disease, has been reported as widespread, but little is known about its epidemiology in the Sichuan province of China. The goal of our research is to reveal the prevalence and distribution ofH. parasuisin this area. Sampling and isolation were performed across Sichuan; isolates were processed using serotyping multiplex PCR (serotyping-mPCR) and agar gel diffusion (AGD) for confirmation of serovar identity. This study was carried out from January 2014 to May 2016 and 254H. parasuisfield strains were isolated from 576 clinical samples collected from pigs displaying clinical symptoms. The isolation frequency was 44.10%. Statistically very significant differences of infection incidence were found in three age groups (P < 0.01) and different seasons (P < 0.01). Serovars 5 (25.98%) and 4 (23.62%) were the most prevalent, however, non-typeable isolates accounted for nearly 7.87%. In terms of geographical distribution, serovars 5 and 4 were mostly prevalent in west and east Sichuan. The results confirmed that the combined approach was dependable and revealed the diversity and distribution of serovars in Sichuan province, which is vital for efforts aimed at developing vaccine candidates allowing for the prevention or control ofH. parasuisoutbreaks.
TrkA is a binding partner of NPM‐ALK that promotes the survival of ALK+ T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Shi Wenyu , George Suraj Konnath , George Bhawana , Curry Choladda V. , Murzabdillaeva Albina , Alkan Serhan , Amin Hesham M. 
Published: May 2017

Nucleophosmin‐anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐expressing (NPM‐ALK+) T‐cell lymphoma is an aggressive neoplasm that is more commonly seen in children and young adults. The pathogenesis of NPM‐ALK+ T‐cell lymphoma is not completely understood. Wild‐type ALK is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is physiologically expressed in neural tissues during early stages of human development, which suggests that ALK may interact with neurotrophic factors. The aberrant expression of NPM‐ALK results from a translocation between the ALK gene on chromosome 2p23 and the NPM gene on chromosome 5q35. The nerve growth factor (NGF) is the first neurotrophic factor attributed to non‐neural functions including cancer cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis. These functions are primarily mediated through the tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA). The expression and role of NGF/TrkA in NPM‐ALK+ T‐cell lymphoma are not known. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TrkA signaling is upregulated and sustains the survival of this lymphoma. Our data illustrate that TrkA and NGF are expressed in five NPM‐ALK+ T‐cell lymphoma cell lines and TrkA is expressed in 11 of 13 primary lymphoma tumors from patients. In addition, we found evidence to support that NPM‐ALK and TrkA functionally interact. A selective TrkA inhibitor induced apoptosis and decreased cell viability, proliferation, and colony formation of NPM‐ALK+ T‐cell lymphoma cell lines. These effects were associated with downregulation of cell survival regulatory proteins. Similar results were also observed using specific knockdown of TrkA in NPM‐ALK+ T‐cell lymphoma cells by siRNA. Importantly, the inhibition of TrkA signaling was associated with antitumor effects in vivo, because tumor xenografts in mice regressed and the mice exhibited improved survival. In conclusion, TrkA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NPM‐ALK+ T‐cell lymphoma, and therefore, targeting TrkA signaling may represent a novel approach to eradicate this aggressive neoplasm.
Multiresolution analysis of characteristic length scales with high‐resolution topographic data
Authors: Sangireddy Harish , Stark Colin P. , Passalacqua Paola 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCharacteristic length scales (CLS) define landscape structure and delimit geomorphic processes. Here we use multiresolution analysis (MRA) to estimate such scales from high‐resolution topographic data. MRA employs progressive terrain defocusing, via convolution of the terrain data with Gaussian kernels of increasing standard deviation, and calculation at each smoothing resolution of (i) the probability distributions of curvature and topographic index (defined as the ratio of slope to area in log scale) and (ii) characteristic spatial patterns of divergent and convergent topography identified by analyzing the curvature of the terrain. The MRA is first explored using synthetic 1‐D and 2‐D signals whose CLS are known. It is then validated against a set of MARSSIM (a landscape evolution model) steady state landscapes whose CLS were tuned by varying hillslope diffusivity and simulated noise amplitude. The known CLS match the scales at which the distributions of topographic index and curvature show scaling breaks, indicating that the MRA can identify CLS in landscapes based on the scaling behavior of topographic attributes. Finally, the MRA is deployed to measure the CLS of five natural landscapes using meter resolution digital terrain model data. CLS are inferred from the scaling breaks of the topographic index and curvature distributions and equated with (i) small‐scale roughness features and (ii) the hillslope length scale.
An improved numerical model suggests potential differences of wind‐blown sand between on Earth and Mars
Authors: Bo T. L. , Fu L. T. , Liu L. , Zheng X. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe studies on wind‐blown sand are crucial for understanding the change of climate and landscape on Mars. However, the disadvantages of the saltation models may result in unreliable predictions. In this paper, the saltation model has been improved from two main aspects, the aerodynamic surface roughness and the lift‐off parameters. The aerodynamic surface roughness is expressed as function of particle size, wind strength, air density, and air dynamic viscosity. The lift‐off parameters are improved through including the dependence of restitution coefficient on incident parameters and the correlation between saltating speed and angle. The improved model proved to be capable of reproducing the observed data well in both stable stage and evolution process. The modeling of wind‐blown sand is promoted by all improved aspects, and the dependence of restitution coefficient on incident parameters could not be ignored. The constant restitution coefficient and uncorrelated lift‐off parameter distributions would lead to both the overestimation of the sand transport rate and apparent surface roughness and the delay of evolution process. The distribution of lift‐off speed and the evolution of lift‐off parameters on Mars are found to be different from those on Earth. This may thus suggest that it is inappropriate to predict the evolution of wind‐blown sand by using the lift‐off velocity obtained in steady state saltation. And it also may be problematic to predict the wind‐blown sand on Mars through applying the lift‐off velocity obtained upon terrestrial conditions directly.
Dual effects of the winter monsoon on haze‐fog variations in eastern China
Authors: Liu Qian , Sheng Lifang , Cao Ziqi , Diao Yina , Wang Wencai , Zhou Yang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have revealed a negative correlation between the East Asian winter monsoon and wintertime haze‐fog events in China. The winter monsoon reduces haze‐fog by advecting away aerosol particles and supplying clean air through cold waves. However, it is found that the frequency of haze‐fog events on subseasonal time scales displays no correlation with typical winter monsoon indices. The results show that the accumulating and maintaining effects of calm weather related to the Siberian High, which is also a part of the monsoon circulation system, are equally important for the development of haze‐fog events during winter. Correlation analysis indicates that subseasonal variations in haze‐fog are closely related to the intensity of the Siberian High (r = 0.49). The Siberian High may increase the occurrence of haze‐fog events by reducing the near surface wind speed and enhancing the stratification stability. To quantify the contribution of these diverse effects of the winter monsoon on the variations in haze‐fog events, we analyzed haze‐fog events during periods of cold wave activity and calm weather separately and contrasted the relative contributions of these two effects on different time scales. On the subseasonal scale, the effect of the Siberian High was 2.0 times that of cold waves; on the interannual scale, the effect of cold waves was 2.4 times that of the Siberian High. This study reveals the dual effects of the East Asian winter monsoon on wintertime haze‐fog variations in eastern China and provides a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the monsoon and haze‐fog events.
Riverine CO2 emissions in the Wuding River catchment on the Loess Plateau: Environmental controls and dam impoundment impact
Authors: Ran Lishan , Li Lingyu , Tian Mingyang , Yang Xiankun , Yu Ruihong , Zhao Ji , Wang Lixin , Lu X. X. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRiver ecosystems contribute significantly to CO2 emissions. However, estimates of global riverine CO2 emissions remain greatly uncertain owing to the absence of a comprehensive and spatially resolved CO2 emission measurement. Based on intensive field measurements using floating chambers, riverine CO2 evasion in the Wuding River catchment on the Loess Plateau was investigated. Lateral carbon derived from soil respiration and chemical weathering played a central role in controlling the variability of riverine CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). In addition, in‐stream processing of allochthonous organic carbon was an also important source of CO2 excess, modulating the influence of lateral carbon inputs. All the surveyed streams were net CO2 sources, exhibiting pronounced spatial and seasonal variabilities. The mean CO2 efflux was 172, 116, and 218 mmol m−2 d−1 in spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. Unlike the commonly observed strongest CO2 emissions in headwater streams, the increasing CO2 efflux with stream order in the Wuding River catchment reflects its unique geomorphologic landscape in controlling CO2 emissions. While in reservoirs, the pCO2 was more controlled by primary production with aquatic photosynthetic assimilation constraining it to a lower level. Both the magnitude and direction of CO2 evasion from reservoirs have been greatly altered. Contrast to streams with large CO2 effluxes, reservoirs were small carbon sources and even carbon sinks, due primarily to greatly reduced turbulence and enhanced photosynthesis. In view of the large number of reservoirs on the Loess Plateau, assessing the resulting changes to CO2 emissions and their implications for regional carbon budgets warrants further research.
Dynamics of simulated Atlantic upwelling annual cycle in CMIP5 models
Authors: Wang Li‐Chiao , Jin Fei‐Fei , Wu Chau‐Ron 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs one of the prominent climatic component of tropical climate system, the annual cycle of the equatorial Atlantic cold tongue region has been a subject of significant research. In this work, we examine the fidelity of the key part of the annual cycles, namely, the upwelling annual cycles, from the simulations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Utilizing the simple framework we have recently developed based on the Zebiak‐Cane (ZC) ocean model, we first tested the validity of the simple framework of upwelling as a combination of the local wind‐driven Ekman upwelling and nonlocal wind‐driven wave upwelling. It is demonstrated that the theoretically reconstructed upwelling annual cycles to large extent are in good agreement with the simulations in these coupled climatic models. Comparing with observations, we show that the semiannual component of the upwelling is systematically too strong. This significant bias is attributable to the dynamic amplification to the wind‐driven wave upwelling originated from a less significant bias in the semiannual harmonic component in the central equatorial wind field. The latter is dynamically amplified in the wind‐driven wave upwelling owing to its relatively fast time scale. Thus, the realistic simulations of equatorial annual cycles may sensitively depend on good simulations of the semiannual harmonic components in equatorial wind fields.
Seaglider surveys at Ocean Station Papa: Diagnosis of upper‐ocean heat and salt balances using least squares with inequality constraints
Authors: Pelland Noel A. , Eriksen Charles C. , Cronin Meghan F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHeat and salt balances in the upper 200 m are examined using data from Seaglider spatial surveys June 2008 to January 2010 surrounding a NOAA surface mooring at Ocean Station Papa (OSP; 50°N, 145°W). A least‐squares approach is applied to repeat Seaglider survey and moored measurements to solve for unknown or uncertain monthly three‐dimensional circulation and vertical diffusivity. Within the surface boundary layer, the estimated heat and salt balances are dominated throughout the surveys by turbulent flux, vertical advection, and for heat, radiative absorption. When vertically integrated balances are considered, an estimated upwelling of cool water balances the net surface input of heat, while the corresponding large import of salt across the halocline due to upwelling and diffusion is balanced by surface moisture input and horizontal import of fresh water. Measurement of horizontal gradients allows the estimation of unresolved vertical terms over more than one annual cycle; diffusivity in the upper‐ocean transition layer decreases rapidly to the depth of the maximum near‐surface stratification in all months, with weak seasonal modulation in the rate of decrease and profile amplitude. Vertical velocity is estimated to be on average upward but with important monthly variations. Results support and expand existing evidence concerning the importance of horizontal advection in the balances of heat and salt in the Gulf of Alaska, highlight time and depth variability in difficult‐to‐measure vertical transports in the upper ocean, and suggest avenues of further study in future observational work at OSP.
Internal wave generation by tidal flow over periodically and randomly distributed seamounts
Authors: Zhang Likun , Buijsman Maarten C. , Comino Eva , Swinney Harry L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe examine numerically the conversion of barotropic tidal energy into internal waves by flow over an isolated seamount and over systems of periodically and randomly distributed 1100 m tall seamounts with Gaussian profiles. The simulations use the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm) to calculate for an infinitely deep ocean the dependence of the energy conversion on seamount slope, seamount separation, tidal direction, and the size and aspect ratio of the simulation domain. For neighboring seamounts with a slope greater than the internal wave beam slope, wave interference reduces the conversion relative to that calculated for an isolated seamount, and relative to that predicted by linear theory for a seamount of slope less than the beam slope. The conversion by an individual seamount in a system of random seamounts separated by an average distance of 18 km is found to be suppressed by 16% relative to the conversion by an isolated seamount. This study provides insight into tidal conversion by ocean seamounts modeled as Gaussian mountains with slopes both smaller and larger than the beam slope. We conclude that the total energy conversion by all seamounts (peak height
m) and knolls (peak height 500–1000 m), taking into account interference affects, is of the order of 1% of the total barotropic to baroclinic energy conversion in the oceans, which is about twice as large as previous estimates.
Wetting and greening Tibetan Plateau in early summer in recent decades
Authors: Zhang Wenxia , Zhou Tianjun , Zhang Lixia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays an essential role in the global hydrological cycle. Unlike the well‐recognized surface warming, changes in precipitation over the TP and the underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. A significant increase in the amount of precipitation over the southeastern TP in May over 1979–2014 (13.46% decade−1 of the climatology) is identified in this study, based on homogenized daily rain gauge data. Both the increased precipitation frequency and intensity have contributions. The coherent increases in soil moisture content and vegetation activities further confirm the precipitation trend, indicating a wetting and greening TP in the early summer in recent decades. The moisture budget analysis shows that this wetting trend in the past four decades is dominated by the increased water vapor convergence due to circulation changes, while increases in specific humidity play a minor role. The wetting trend over the TP in May results directly from the earlier onset of the South Asian summer monsoon (ASM) since the late 1970s associated with the phase transition of Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation around the late 1990s. The earlier onset of the ASM triggers low‐level southwesterly anomalies over the northern Indian Ocean, promoting moisture convergence and increased precipitation over the TP in May. Specifically, the increased amount of precipitation after the onset of the ASM explains 95% of the increase in the total amount of precipitation in May.