bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural plasticity induced by intraspecific competition in host orientation in a parasitoid
Authors: MARTÍNEZ GUSTAVO A. , CASTELO MARCELA K. , CRESPO JOSÉ E. 
Published: May 2017

1. Accurate measurement of external conditions is fundamental for survival. For parasitoids, in particular, sensing the environmental conditions is key because they are short‐lived animals that must acquire information shortly after emergence.2. This study investigated whether conspecifics during larval growth can influence and modify the decision to orient to different quality hosts in a parasitoid with an active host‐seeking larva. How the density of conspecifics during growth modifies these decisions was also studied.3. When larvae were submitted to increases in the intensity of pre‐parasitism competition and then offered different host odours, they increased the orientation to poor‐quality hosts likewise. It was also found that this behaviour is general to orientation to hosts in different physiological states.4. These results show that pre‐parasitism competition can influence and modulate orientation to poor‐quality hosts when high‐quality hosts are not available.
Long‐term outcome in adolescent‐onset generalized genetic epilepsies
Authors: Vorderwülbecke Bernd J. , Kowski Alexander B. , Kirschbaum Andrea , Merkle Hannah , Senf Philine , Janz Dieter , Holtkamp Martin 
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectiveUntil now, it has been unclear if the three subsyndromes of adolescent‐onset generalized genetic epilepsy (GGE) differ in long‐term prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to compare long‐term seizure outcome in juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), and epilepsy with generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone (EGTCS).MethodsThis retrospective study is based on the archive of an institutional tertiary care outpatient clinic for adult patients with epilepsy. Charts of 870 epilepsy outpatients were reviewed among whom 176 had adolescent‐onset GGE (53 JAE, 66 JME, 57 EGTCS). Median patient age at investigation was 60 years; median follow‐up time was 42.5 years. If possible, GGE patients were additionally interviewed on psychosocial and clinical variables.ResultsAge at first seizure was significantly higher in EGTCS patients (median 18 years) than in patients with JAE or JME (14 years each; p ≤ 0.001). Long‐term seizure outcome hardly differed between the three subsyndromes. At the end of follow‐up, 60% of all patients were in 5‐year terminal seizure remission, and in 14%, epilepsy even had resolved (>10 years without seizures, >5 years without pharmacotherapy). Twenty percent of patients had persistent seizures during the last year of follow‐up. Across all patients, 23% reported a psychiatric comorbidity, 87% had married, and 57% had achieved university entrance qualification.SignificanceLong‐term outcome was shown to be highly similar across all subsyndromes of adolescent‐onset GGE. Even in a selection of difficult‐to‐treat epilepsy patients still attending an adult epilepsy clinic, most become seizure‐free. To confirm these findings, prospective studies are needed.
Psychiatric and behavioral comorbidities in epilepsy: A critical reappraisal
Authors: Berg Anne T. , Altalib Hamada H. , Devinsky Orrin 
Published: May 2017

SummaryPsychiatric and behavioral disorders are important aspects of epilepsy and have received increasing attention in the last several years. The literature upon which most of the field relies contains some biases that must be carefully examined and resolved in future studies. First, in the pediatric epilepsy literature, many reports find that children with epilepsy have high levels of behavioral and psychiatric disorders when compared to appropriate controls. Most of these studies rely on parent‐proxy completed instruments to assess these behavioral endpoints. Parents’ reports are not objective but reflect parents’ reactions and emotions. Increasing evidence suggests inherent biases in proxy reports and highlights the need to assess children directly. Second, periictal phenomena may be mischaracterized as underlying mood disorders. Third, many studies report elevated levels of psychiatric morbidity before and after the diagnosis of epilepsy, suggesting an inherent relation between the two types of disorders. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, while widely recognized as posing a diagnostic dilemma in the clinic, may account for some of these research findings. Diagnostic errors between epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures need careful consideration when evaluating studies demonstrating associations between psychiatric disorders and epilepsy or poorer seizure control in association with psychiatric disorders in people who have epilepsy. Mental health concerns are important for everyone. An accurate, undistorted understanding of the relation between mental health disorders and epilepsy is essential to ensure appropriate therapy and to avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful treatments and common misconceptions.
Cold Case File? Inventory Risk and Information Sharing during the pre‐1997 NASDAQ
Authors: Lescourret Laurence 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper shows that dealers in Over‐The‐Counter (OTC) markets might choose to share information about transient price pressures. Using data from the pre‐1997 NASDAQ preopening, I find that the frequency and magnitude of non‐positive spreads (the information‐sharing vehicle) initiated by wholesalers (specialised market‐makers with a high exposure to inventory risk) are strongly related to opening price reversals and daily trading imbalances. This activity is more likely to occur on days of large liquidity shocks, and it is not observed for other dealers. Overall, the obligation to absorb price pressure at a yet unknown opening price might induce dealers to communicate the direction in which the opening price should move. The findings contain lessons for the design of today's OTC markets.
Does Ownership Structure Matter?
Authors: Titman Sheridan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCapital assets are held in a variety of ownership structures that can be characterised by how they are taxed, whether or not their equity is publicly traded, and by the relationship between the ownership of the assets and the management of the assets. When taxes and regulations change, the popularity of the different ownership structures change. These changes in ownership structure can affect how the assets are managed, which can in turn influence innovation.
Conventional tillage decreases the abundance and biomass of earthworms and alters their community structure in a global meta‐analysis
Authors: Briones María Jesús I. , Schmidt Olaf 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe adoption of less intensive soil cultivation practices is expected to increase earthworm populations and their contributions to ecosystem functioning. However, conflicting results have been reported on the effects of tillage intensity on earthworm populations, attributed in narrative reviews to site‐dependent differences in soil properties, climatic conditions and agronomic operations (e.g. fertilization, residue management and chemical crop protection). We present a quantitative review based on a global meta‐analysis, using paired observations from 165 publications performed over 65 years (1950–2016) across 40 countries on five continents, to elucidate this long‐standing unresolved issue. Results showed that disturbing the soil less (e.g. no‐tillage and conservation agriculture [CA]) significantly increased earthworm abundance (mean increase of 137% and 127%, respectively) and biomass (196% and 101%, respectively) compared to when the soil is inverted by conventional ploughing. Earthworm population responses were more pronounced when the soil had been under reduced tillage (RT) for a long time (>10 years), in warm temperate zones with fine‐textured soils, and in soils with higher clay contents (>35%) and lowpH(<5.5). Furthermore, retaining organic harvest residues amplified this positive response to RT, whereas the use of the herbicide glyphosate did not significantly affect earthworm population responses to RT. Additional meta‐analyses confirmed that epigeic and, more importantly, the bigger‐sized anecic earthworms were the most sensitive ecological groups to conventional tillage. In particular, the deep burrowerLumbricus terrestrisexhibited the strongest positive response to RT, increasing in abundance by 124% more than the overall mean of all 13 species analysed individually. The restoration of these two important ecological groups of earthworms and their burrowing, feeding and casting activities under various forms of RT will ensure the provision of ecosystem functions such as soil structure maintenance and nutrient cycling by “nature's plough.”
High Arctic summer warming tracked by increased Cassiope tetragona growth in the world's northernmost polar desert
Authors: Weijers Stef , Buchwal Agata , Blok Daan , Löffler Jörg , Elberling Bo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRapid climate warming has resulted in shrub expansion, mainly of erect deciduous shrubs in the Low Arctic, but the more extreme, sparsely vegetated, cold and dry High Arctic is generally considered to remain resistant to such shrub expansion in the next decades. Dwarf shrub dendrochronology may reveal climatological causes of past changes in growth, but is hindered at many High Arctic sites by short and fragmented instrumental climate records. Moreover, only few High Arctic shrub chronologies cover the recent decade of substantial warming. This study investigated the climatic causes of growth variability of the evergreen dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona between 1927 and 2012 in the northernmost polar desert at 83°N in North Greenland. We analysed climate–growth relationships over the period with available instrumental data (1950–2012) between a 102‐year‐long C. tetragona shoot length chronology and instrumental climate records from the three nearest meteorological stations, gridded climate data, and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO) indices. July extreme maximum temperatures (JulTemx), as measured at Alert, Canada, June NAO, and previous October AO, together explained 41% of the observed variance in annual C. tetragona growth and likely represent in situ summer temperatures. JulTemx explained 27% and was reconstructed back to 1927. The reconstruction showed relatively high growing season temperatures in the early to mid‐twentieth century, as well as warming in recent decades. The rapid growth increase in C. tetragona shrubs in response to recent High Arctic summer warming shows that recent and future warming might promote an expansion of this evergreen dwarf shrub, mainly through densification of existing shrub patches, at High Arctic sites with sufficient winter snow cover and ample water supply during summer from melting snow and ice as well as thawing permafrost, contrasting earlier notions of limited shrub growth sensitivity to summer warming in the High Arctic.
Patient and physician views of shared decision making in cancer
Authors: Tamirisa Nina P. , Goodwin James S. , Kandalam Arti , Linder Suzanne K. , Weller Susan , Turrubiate Stella , Silva Colleen , Riall Taylor S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractContextEngaging patients in shared decision making involves patient knowledge of treatment options and physician elicitation of patient preferences.ObjectiveOur aim was to explore patient and physician perceptions of shared decision making in clinical encounters for cancer care.DesignPatients and physicians were asked open‐ended questions regarding their perceptions of shared decision making throughout their cancer care. Transcripts of interviews were coded and analysed for shared decision‐making themes.Setting and participantsAt an academic medical centre, 20 cancer patients with a range of cancer diagnoses, stages of cancer and time from diagnosis, and eight physicians involved in cancer care were individually interviewed.Discussion and conclusionsMost physicians reported providing patients with written information. However, most patients reported that written information was too detailed and felt that the physicians did not assess the level of information they wished to receive. Most patients wanted to play an active role in the treatment decision, but also wanted the physician's recommendation, such as what their physician would choose for him/herself or a family member in a similar situation. While physicians stated that they incorporated patient autonomy in decision making, most provided data without making treatment recommendations in the format preferred by most patients. We identified several communication gaps in cancer care. While patients want to be involved in the decision‐making process, they also want physicians to provide evidence‐based recommendations in the context of their individual preferences. However, physicians often are reluctant to provide a recommendation that will bias the patient.
Granulocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells from human cord blood modulate T‐helper cell response towards an anti‐inflammatory phenotype
Authors: Köstlin Natascha , Vogelmann Margit , Spring Bärbel , Schwarz Julian , Feucht Judith , Härtel Christoph , Orlikowsky Thorsten W. , Poets Christian F. , Gille Christian 
Published: May 2017

SummaryInfections are a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The outstandingly high susceptibility to infections early in life is mainly attributable to the compromised state of the neonatal immune system. One important difference to the adult immune system is a bias towards T helper type 2 (Th2) responses in newborns. However, mechanisms regulating neonatal T‐cell responses are incompletely understood. Granulocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (GR‐MDSC) are myeloid cells with a granulocytic phenotype that suppress various functions of other immune cells and accumulate under physiological conditions during pregnancy in maternal and fetal blood. Although it has been hypothesized that GR‐MDSC accumulation during fetal life could be important for the maintenance of maternal–fetal tolerance, the influence of GR‐MDSC on the immunological phenotype of neonates is still unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of GR‐MDSC isolated from cord blood (CB‐MDSC) on the polarization of Th cells. We demonstrate that CB‐MDSC inhibit Th1 responses and induced Th2 responses and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Th1 inhibition was cell‐contact dependent and occurred independent of other cell types, while Th2 induction was mediated independently of cell contact through expression of ArgI and reactive oxygen species by CB‐MDSC and partially needed the presence of monocytes. Treg cell induction by CB‐MDSC also occurred cell‐contact independently but was partially mediated through inducible nitric oxide synthase. These results point towards a role of MDSC in regulating neonatal immune responses. Targeting MDSC function in neonates could be a therapeutic opportunity to improve neonatal host defence.
The interplay of IKK, NF‐κB and RIPK1 signaling in the regulation of cell death, tissue homeostasis and inflammation
Authors: Kondylis Vangelis , Kumari Snehlata , Vlantis Katerina , Pasparakis Manolis 
Published: May 2017

SummaryRegulated cell death pathways have important functions in host defense and tissue homeostasis. Studies in genetic mouse models provided evidence that cell death could cause inflammation in different tissues. Inhibition of RIPK3‐MLKL‐dependent necroptosis by FADD and caspase‐8 was identified as a key mechanism preventing inflammation in epithelial barriers. Moreover, the interplay between IKK/NF‐κB and RIPK1 signaling was recognized as a critical determinant of tissue homeostasis and inflammation. NEMO was shown to regulate RIPK1 kinase activity‐mediated apoptosis by NF‐κB‐dependent and –independent functions, which are critical for averting chronic tissue injury and inflammation in the intestine and the liver. In addition, RIPK1 was shown to exhibit kinase activity‐independent functions that are essential for preventing cell death, maintaining tissue architecture and inhibiting inflammation. In the intestine, RIPK1 acts as a scaffold to prevent epithelial cell apoptosis and preserve tissue integrity. In the skin, RIPK1 functions via its RHIM to counteract ZBP1/DAI‐dependent activation of RIPK3‐MLKL‐dependent necroptosis and inflammation. Collectively, these studies provided evidence that the regulation of cell death signaling plays an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and suggested that cell death could be causally involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
The in vivo evidence for regulated necrosis
Authors: Tonnus Wulf , Linkermann Andreas 
Published: May 2017

SummaryNecrosis is a hallmark of several widespread diseases or their direct complications. In the past decade, we learned that necrosis can be a regulated process that is potentially druggable. RIPK3‐ and MLKL‐mediated necroptosis represents by far the best studied pathway of regulated necrosis. During necroptosis, the release of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) drives a phenomenon referred to as necroinflammation, a common consequence of necrosis. However, most studies of regulated necrosis investigated cell lines in vitro in a cell autonomous manner, which represents a non‐physiological situation. Conclusions based on such work might not necessarily be transferrable to disease states in which synchronized, non‐cell autonomous effects occur. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the pathophysiological relevance of necroptosis in vivo, and in light of this understanding, we reassess the morphological classification of necrosis that is generally used by pathologists. Along these lines, we discuss the paucity of data implicating necroptosis in human disease. Finally, the in vivo relevance of non‐necroptotic forms of necrosis, such as ferroptosis, is addressed.
Microwave dielectric properties of (1‐x)Ba3.75Nd9.5Cr0.25Nb0.25Ti17.5O54–xNdAlO3 ceramics
Authors: Chen Hetuo , Zhang Zhewei , Xiong Zhe , Tang Bin , Yuan Ying , Zhang Shuren 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study presents the microwave dielectric properties calculation of (1‐x)Ba3.75Nd9.5Cr0.25Nb0.25Ti17.5O54–xNdAlO3 ceramics where x denotes the volume molar fraction. From X‐ray diffraction results, the solid solution limit is calculated to be about 0.76, where it forms a single BaNd2Ti4O12 phase in Region I (0≤x<0.76), and both BaNd2Ti4O12 and NdAlO3 coexist in Region II (0.76≤x<1). The solid solution limit is confirmed by independently calculating it from the dielectric constant data. There is less than 4% deviation between the measured dielectric constant (εr) and the one calculated from the Maxwell‐Wagner formula. The total quality factor (Q) remains almost constant in Region I and increases rapidly with the volume molar fraction of NdAlO3 in Region II. The measured Q×f, where f is the resonant frequency, is also consistent with the calculated value in both regions. The temperature coefficient at the resonant frequency is −1.4 ppm/°C, which agrees well with the calculated value of 0 ppm/°C. In addition, we observed a close correlation between the bulk density and the phase evolution.
Improved dielectric properties in A′‐site nickel‐doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics
Authors: Wang Jing , Lu Zhenya , Deng Tengfei , Zhong Caifu , Chen Zhiwu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe improved dielectric properties and voltage‐current nonlinearity of nickel‐doped CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCNTO) ceramics prepared by solid‐state reaction were investigated. The approach of A′‐site Ni doping resulted in improved dielectric properties in the CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) system, with a dielectric constant ε′≈1.51×105 and dielectric loss tanδ≈0.051 found for the sample with a Ni doping of 20% (CCNTO20) at room temperature and 1 kHz. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the CCTO and the specimen with a Ni doping of 25% (CCNTO25) verified the co‐existence of Cu+/Cu2+ and Ti3+/Ti4+. A steady increase in ε′(f) and a slight increase in α observed upon initial Ni doping were ascribed to a more Cu‐rich phase in the intergranular phase caused by the Ni substitution in the grains. The low‐frequency relaxation leading to a distinct enhancement in ε′(f) beginning with CCNTO25 was confirmed to be a Maxwell‐Wagner‐type relaxation strongly affected by the Ni‐related phase with the formation of a core‐shell structure. The decrease of the dielectric loss was associated with the promoted densification of CCNTO and the increase of Cu vacancies, due to Ni doping on the Cu sites. In addition, the Ni dopant had a certain effect on tuning the current‐voltage characteristics of the CCTO ceramics. The present A′‐site Ni doping experiments demonstrate the extrinsic effect underlying the giant dielectric constant and provides a promising approach for developing practical applications.
Optimizing staffing, quality, and cost in home healthcare nursing: theory synthesis
Authors: Park Claire Su‐Yeon 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsTo propose a new theory pinpointing the optimal nurse staffing threshold delivering the maximum quality of care relative to attendant costs in home health care.BackgroundLittle knowledge exists on the theoretical foundation addressing the inter‐relationship among quality of care, nurse staffing, and cost.DesignTheory synthesis.Data sourcesCochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, EBSCOhost Web and Web of Science (25 February – 26 April 2013; 20 January – 22 March 2015).Implications for NursingMost of the existing theories/models lacked the detail necessary to explain the relationship among quality of care, nurse staffing and cost. Two notable exceptions are: ‘Production Function for Staffing and Quality in Nursing Homes,’ which describes an S‐shaped trajectory between quality of care and nurse staffing and ‘Thirty‐day Survival Isoquant and Estimated Costs According to the Nurse Staff Mix,’ which depicts a positive quadric relationship between nurse staffing and cost according to quality of care. A synthesis of these theories led to an innovative multi‐dimensional econometric theory helping to determine the maximum quality of care for patients while simultaneously delivering nurse staffing in the most cost‐effective way. The theory‐driven threshold, navigated by Mathematical Programming based on the Duality Theorem in Mathematical Economics, will help nurse executives defend sufficient nurse staffing with scientific justification to ensure optimal patient care; help stakeholders set an evidence‐based reasonable economical goal; and facilitate patient‐centred decision‐making in choosing the institution which delivers the best quality of care.ConclusionsA new theory to determine the optimum nurse staffing maximizing quality of care relative to cost was proposed.
Hospital rules and regulations: The perspectives of youth receiving psychiatric care
Authors: Gros Catherine Pugnaire , Parr Ciara , Wright David K. , Montreuil Marjorie , Frechette Julie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundRules and regulations represent an aspect of psychiatric hospitalization about which little is known.Study PurposeTo explore the perceptions of rules from the perspective of youth receiving hospital‐based psychiatric services.DesignQualitative descriptive.MethodsPerceptions of rules were elicited through semi‐structured interviews with a convenience sample of six youth.ResultsRules were perceived as governing virtually all aspects of everyday living in the hospital environment. Rules were used to structure daily activities, routines, and social interactions, and were embedded within clinical protocols and treatment plans. For each participant, “making sense” or “not making sense” were central themes through which rules were interpreted as being either therapeutic or oppressive. Rules that made “no sense” negatively affected youth mood, behavior, treatment adherence, and engagement in a collaborative relationship.ConclusionWorking in partnership with youth in psychiatric care to establish, implement, and evaluate rules that “make sense” can promote positive health outcomes and prevent negative, unintended consequences.