bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic ultrasonography diagnosis of subepithelial lesions
Authors: Kida Mitsuhiro , Kawaguchi Yusuke , Miyata Eiji , Hasegawa Rikiya , Kaneko Toru , Yamauchi Hiroshi , Koizumi Shuko , Okuwaki Kosuke , Miyazawa Shiro , Iwai Tomohisa , Kikuchi Hidehiko , Watanabe Maya , Imaizumi Hiroshi , Koizumi Wasaburo 
Published: March 2017

Using endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), it is practicable to diagnose subepithelial lesions (SEL) with originating layer, echo level, and internal echo pattern etc. Lipoma, lymphangioma, and cyst have characteristic features; therefore, there is no need for endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA). Ectopic pancreas and glomus tumors, which originate from the third and fourth layers, are frequently seen in the antrum. However, ectopic pancreas located in the fundus or body is large and originates from the third and fourth layers (thickening of fourth layer). Each subepithelial lesion has characteristic findings. However, imaging differentiation of tumors originating from the fourth layer is very difficult, even if contrast echo is used. Therefore, EUS‐FNA should be done in these tumors, but the diagnostic yield for small lesions is not sufficient for clinical demands. Generally, those tumors, including small ones, should be first followed up in 6 months, then yearly follow up in cases of no significant change in size and features. When those tumors become larger than 1–2 cm, EUS‐FNA is recommended. Furthermore, unusual SEL and SEL with malignant findings such as nodular, heterogeneous, anechoic area, and ulceration indicate EUS‐FNA. Cap‐attached forward‐viewing echoendoscope is very helpful for EUS‐FNA of small SEL.
Association between regional heterogeneity in the mid‐facial bone micro‐architecture and increased fragility along Le Fort lines
Authors: Janovic Aleksa , Milovanovic Petar , Hahn Michael , Rakocevic Zoran , Amling Michael , Busse Bjoern , Dimitrijevic Milovan , Djuric Marija 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground/AimLe Fort lines have traditionally been considered as zones of weakness in the mid‐facial skeleton although the structural basis of increased bone fragility at these sites has not yet been investigated. Considering recent findings of occlusal loading‐related regional heterogeneity in the mid‐facial bone micro‐architecture, the aim of this study was to explore whether such heterogeneity in cortical and cancellous bone micro‐architecture may contribute to increased fragility at Le Fort fracture sites.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐five cortical and thirteen cancellous bone specimens were harvested from a dry skull and analyzed by micro‐CT. Specimens were classified into Le Fort or Non‐Le Fort groups based on their location in the mid‐facial skeleton.ResultsCortical bone along Le Fort lines showed tendencies toward lower thickness (1.5±0.63 vs 1.75±0.79; P=.39) and greater porosity (11.48±5.67 vs 10.28±5.28; P=.59). A significant difference was detected in the trabecular degree of anisotropy which was higher in cancellous bone from Le Fort fracture sites (2.14±0.69 vs 1.58±0.34; P=.02).ConclusionsRegional heterogeneity in cortical bone micro‐architecture could not fully explain increased fragility of the mid‐facial skeleton at the Le Fort lines. However, regional differences in trabecular bone anisotropy may contribute to increased bone fragility.
Trans‐generational plasticity in response to immune challenge is constrained by heat stress
Authors: Roth Olivia , Landis Susanne H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTrans‐generational plasticity (TGP) is the adjustment of phenotypes to changing habitat conditions that persist longer than the individual lifetime. Fitness benefits (adaptiveTGP) are expected upon matching parent–offspring environments. In a global change scenario, several performance‐related environmental factors are changing simultaneously. This lowers the predictability of offspring environmental conditions, potentially hampering the benefits of TGP. For the first time, we here explore how the combination of an abiotic and a biotic environmental factor in the parental generation plays out as trans‐generational effect in the offspring. We fully reciprocally exposed the parental generation of the pipefishSyngnathus typhleto an immune challenge and elevated temperatures simulating a naturally occurring heatwave. Upon mating and male pregnancy, offspring were kept in ambient or elevated temperature regimes combined with a heat‐killed bacterial epitope treatment. Differential gene expression (immune genes andDNA‐ and histone‐modification genes) suggests that the combined change of an abiotic and a biotic factor in the parental generation had interactive effects on offspring performance, the temperature effect dominated over the immune challenge impact. The benefits of certain parental environmental conditions on offspring performance did not sum up when abiotic and biotic factors were changed simultaneously supporting that available resources that can be allocated to phenotypic trans‐generational effects are limited. Temperature is the master regulator of trans‐generational phenotypic plasticity, which potentially implies a conflict in the allocation of resources towards several environmental factors. This asks for a reassessment of TGP as a short‐term option to buffer environmental variation in the light of climate change.
Estimating stock depletion level from patterns of catch history
Authors: Zhou Shijie , Punt André E , Ye Yimin , Ellis Nick , Dichmont Cathy M , Haddon Malcolm , Smith David C , Smith Anthony DM 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe degree to which a stock is depleted is one of the most important quantities in fisheries management because it is used to quantify the success of management and to inform management responses. However, stock depletion is extremely difficult to estimate, particularly with limited data. Using the RAM Legacy database, we developed a boosted regression tree (BRT) model to correlate depletion with a range of predictors calculated from catch data, making the model usable for many fisheries worldwide. The most important predictors were found to be catch trends obtained from linear regressions of scaled catch on time, including regression coefficients for the whole catch time series, the subseries before and after the maximum catch, and in recent years. Eight predictors explain about 80% of variation in depletion. There is a correlation of .5 between measured levels of depletion and the predictions of the BRT model. Predictions are less biased when the stock is fished down below half of the carrying capacity. The BRT model outperforms comparable existing catch‐based depletion estimators and could be used to provide priors for depletion for data‐poor stock assessment methods, or used more directly to provide estimates of the probability that depletion is below a given threshold value.
Effect of dementia on receipt of influenza vaccine: a cohort study in French older adults using administrative data: 2007–2012
Authors: Gallini Adeline , Coley Nicola , Andrieu Sandrine , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Gardette Virginie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDespite guidelines stating the vaccine benefit in this population, older adults with dementia may be less likely to receive influenza vaccine than cognitively intact older adults. But no study has yet reported on vaccine uptake in patients newly diagnosed with dementia or whether years since dementia diagnosis influences vaccine uptake. We conducted a cohort study in the French Health Insurance database (Echantillon Généraliste de Bénéficiaires) which contains hospital data and claims for a 1/97th random sample of the French population. Diseased subjects were ≥65 years and had a new record of dementia diagnosis between September 1, 2007, and August 31, 2008. Vaccine receipt was measured via influenza vaccine dispensing in community pharmacies. We described influenza vaccination rates up to 2011–2012 and estimated adjusted relative risks (aRR) for vaccine receipt each year using multivariate modified Poisson models controlling for sociodemographics, comorbidities, and health resources use. Four hundred and seven subjects with dementia (mean age 81.8 years, 69.3% females) and 4862 subjects (mean age 75.2 years, 61.3% females) without dementia were included. In 2008–2009, influenza vaccination prevalence was 70.0% (95% CI = [65.3–74.4]) and 70.2% (95% CI = [68.9–71.4]) in subjects with and without dementia, respectively (aRR = 0.93; 95% CI = [0.87–1.00]). In 2009–2010, the aRR was of the same magnitude (aRR = 0.96, 95% CI = [0.90–1.03]), but in 2010–2011 and 2011–2012, the aRR was 1.02 (95% CI = [0.94–1.11]) and 1.05 (95% CI = [0.96–1.14]), respectively. Subjects with dementia had a slightly nonsignificant lower receipt of influenza vaccine in the year following dementia diagnosis than subjects without dementia. In subsequent years, divergent trends were observed in vaccine uptake according to dementia status.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease phosphoproteomics: A functional piece of the precision puzzle
Authors: Wattacheril Julia , Rose Kristie L. , Hill Salisha , Lanciault Christian , Murray Clark R. , Washington Kay , Williams Brandon , English Wayne , Spann Matthew , Clements Ronald , Abumrad Naji , Flynn Charles Robb 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundMolecular signaling events associated with the necroinflammatory changes in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are not well understood.AimsTo understand the molecular basis of NASH, we evaluated reversible phosphorylation events in hepatic tissue derived from Class III obese subjects by phosphoproteomic means with the aim of highlighting key regulatory pathways that distinguish NASH from non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (also known as simple steatosis; SS).Materials & MethodsClass III obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery underwent liver biopsy (eight normal patients, eight with simple steatosis, and eight NASH patients). Our strategy was unbiased, comparing global differences in liver protein reversible phosphorylation events across the 24 subjects.ResultsOf the 3078 phosphorylation sites assigned (2465 phosphoserine, 445 phosphothreonine, 165 phosphotyrosine), 53 were altered by a factor of 2 among cohorts, and of those, 12 were significantly increased or decreased by ANOVA (P < 0.05).DiscussionStatistical analyses of canonical signaling pathways identified carbohydrate metabolism and RNA post‐transcriptional modification among the most over‐represented networks.ConclusionCollectively, these results raise the possibility of abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism as an important trigger for the development of NASH, in parallel with already established abnormalities in lipid metabolism.
Impact of hepatitis C virus recombinant form RF1_2k/1b on treatment outcomes within the Georgian national hepatitis C elimination program
Authors: Karchava Marine , Chkhartishvili Nikoloz , Sharvadze Lali , Abutidze Akaki , Dvali Natia , Gatserelia Lana , Dzigua Lela , Bolokadze Natalia , Dolmazashvili Ekaterine , Kotorashvili Adam , Imnadze Paata , Gamkrelidze Amiran , Tsertsvadze Tengiz 
Published: March 2017

AimHepatitis C virus (HCV) recombinant form RF1_2k/1b is common in ethnic Georgians. This chimera virus contains genomic fragments of genotype 2 and genotype 1 and is misclassified as genotype 2 by standard genotyping. We aimed to identify RF1_2k/1b strains among genotype 2 patients and assess its impact on treatment outcomes.MethodsThe study included 148 patients with HCV genotype 2 as determined by 5‐untranslated region/core genotyping assay. RF1_2k/1b was identified by sequencing the non‐structural protein 5B region. Patients were treated within the national hepatitis C elimination program with sofosbuvir/ribavirin (SOF/RBV), interferon (IFN)/SOF/RBV, or ledipasvir (LDV)/SOF/RBV.ResultsOf 148 patients, 103 (69.5%) had RF1_ 2k/1b. Sustained virologic response (SVR) data was available for 136 patients (RF1_ 2k/1b, n = 103; genotype 2, n = 33). Sustained virologic response was achieved in more genotype 2 patient than in RF1_2k/1b patients (97.0% vs. 76.7%, P = 0.009). Twelve weeks of LDV/SOF/RBV treatment was highly effective (100% SVR) in both genotypes. Among RF1_2k/1b patients, LDV/SOF/RBV for 12 weeks was superior (100% SVR) to SOF/RBV for 12 weeks (56.4%, P < 0.0001) or 20 weeks (79.2%, P = 0.05). Twelve weeks of IFN/SOF/RBV also showed better response than SOF/RBV for 12 weeks (88.9% vs. 56.4%, P = 0.02) in these patients.ConclusionsHigh prevalence of the RF1_2k/1b strain can significantly affect treatment outcomes. Treatment with IFN/SOF/RBV and especially LDV/SOF/RBV ensured significantly higher SVR in patients infected with RF1_2k/1b strain compared to standard HCV genotype 2 treatment with SOF/RBV. There is a need to reassess existing methods for the management of HCV genotype 2 infections, especially in areas with high prevalence of the RF1_2k/1b strain.
Electric field‐assisted ion exchange strengthening of borosilicate and soda lime silicate glass
Authors: Talimian Ali , Mariotto Gino , Sglavo Vincenzo M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the effects of electric field‐assisted ion exchange (EF‐IE) on potassium for sodium ion exchanges of soda borosilicate and soda lime silicate glasses. The results show that applying an electric field (E‐field) with the intensity of 1000 V cm−1 for few minutes produces an exchanged layer with a thickness comparable to the conventional chemical strengthening for 4 hours. There is a critical E‐field that increases the mobility and, therefore, the diffusion coefficient of the potassium ions in the glasses. The increase is, perhaps, related to the evolution of the glass structure due to the penetration of potassium ions under an E‐field. Vickers indentations showed that strong compression is generated in the glass by EF‐IE; however, the bending strength improvement is limited because of the presence of large surface defects and the stress distribution inhomogeneity.
Methylprednisolone aceponate for atopic dermatitis
Authors: Torrelo Antonio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe 4th generation topical corticosteroids (TCS) have demonstrated a most favorablerisk–benefit ratio. Methylprednisolone aceponate (MPA) is a non‐halogenated corticosteroid with a methyl group at C6, which confers higher intrinsic activity. MPA is included in the group of potent TCS (category III/IV).MethodsA literature review is carried out of the clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects of MPA, especially for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD).ResultsSeveral clinical studies support the use of MPA in infants and children, with minimal local or systemic adverse effects reported. The pharmacokinetic profile and the low rate of adverse effects of MPA are most suitable for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic disease with frequent flaring that can involve extensive areas of the skin.ConclusionsMost patients with AD can be easily brought into control with the use of only TCS. Achieving a complete healing of eczema is key in AD, and once the skin is clinically healthy, emollients can be used according to the physician and patient preferences. Physicians should be trained in the recognition of early or subtle manifestations of active eczema that are most suitably treated with topical TCS to achieve a most rapid and satisfactory control of the disease. If the whole area with eczema is not treated, active eczema will remain and treatment will be ineffective. Insufficient use of TCS will lead to inefficiency and frustration.
Comparison of quantitative and qualitative tests for glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the neonatal period
Authors: Keihanian F. , Basirjafari S. , Darbandi B. , Saeidinia A. , Jafroodi M. , Sharafi R. , Shakiba M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIntroductionConsidering the high prevalence of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency among newborns, different screening methods have been established in various countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among newborns in Rasht, Iran, and compare G6PD activity in cord blood samples, using quantitative and qualitative tests.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, prospective study was performed at five largest hospitals in Rasht, Guilan Province, Iran. The screening tests were performed for all the newborns, referred to these hospitals. Specimens were characterized in terms of G6PD activity under ultraviolet light, using the kinetic method and the qualitative fluorescent spot test (FST). We also determined the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of the qualitative assay.ResultsBlood samples were collected from 1474 newborns. Overall, 757 (51.4%) subjects were male. As the findings revealed, 1376 (93.4%) newborns showed normal G6PD activity, while 98 (6.6%) had G6PD deficiency. There was a significant difference in the mean G6PD level between males and females (P = 0.0001). Also, a significant relationship was detected between FST results and the mean values obtained in the quantitative test (P < 0.0001).ConclusionAccording to the present study, FST showed acceptable sensitivity and specificity for G6PD activity, although it appeared inefficient for diagnostic purposes in some cases.
Intravesical liposome therapy for interstitial cystitis
Authors: Tyagi Pradeep , Kashyap Mahendra , Majima Tsuyoshi , Kawamorita Naoki , Yoshizawa Tsuyoshi , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOver the past two decades, there has been lot of interest in the use of liposomes as lipid‐based biocompatible carriers for drugs administered by the intravesical route. The lipidic bilayer structure of liposomes facilitates their adherence to the apical membrane surface of luminal cells in the bladder, and their vesicular shape allows them to co‐opt the endocytosis machinery for bladder uptake after instillation. Liposomes have been shown to enhance the penetration of both water‐soluble and insoluble drugs, toxins, and oligonucleotides across the bladder epithelium. Empty liposomes composed entirely of the endogenous phospholipid, sphingomyelin, could counter mucosal inflammation and promote wound healing in patients suffering from interstitial cystitis. Recent clinical studies have tested multilamellar liposomes composed entirely of sphingomyelin as a novel intravesical therapy for interstitial cystitis. In addition, liposomes have been used as a delivery platform for the instillation of botulinum toxin in overactive bladder patients. The present review discusses the properties of liposomes that are important for their intrinsic therapeutic effect, summarizes the recently completed clinical studies with intravesical liposomes and covers the latest developments in this field.
Difference in toxicity reporting between patients and clinicians during systemic chemotherapy in patients with urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Fukushi Ken , Narita Takuma , Hatakeyama Shingo , Yamamoto Hayato , Tobisawa Yuki , Yoneyama Tohru , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Koie Takuya , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo compare toxicity reporting between patients and clinicians in the case of systemic chemotherapy for urothelial carcinoma.MethodsBetween June 2013 and March 2016, 100 urothelial carcinoma patients received two courses of chemotherapy of gemcitabine plus cisplatin or gemcitabine plus carboplatin, and they were prospectively enrolled in the present study. During chemotherapy, patients answered European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality‐of‐Life Questionnaire C30 quality‐of‐life questionnaires, including four toxicity‐related symptoms (appetite loss, nausea, constipation and diarrhea). Clinicians evaluated adverse events using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Differences of toxicity reporting were compared between patients and clinicians. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to investigate potential factors for underreporting by clinicians.ResultsToxicity underreporting was most frequently for diarrhea (44%), followed by appetite loss (39%), constipation (33%) and nausea (22%). In total, toxicity underreporting was observed in 72% of patients. Background‐adjusted logistic regression analyses showed pretreatment quality‐of‐life items of global, symptomatic scores to be predictors for toxicity underreporting by clinicians. The limitations of the present study included its retrospective nature and small sample size.ConclusionsToxicity underreporting by clinicians is frequent in urothelial carcinoma patients receiving systemic chemotherapy. Pretreatment quality‐of‐life evaluation is essential not only for quality‐of‐life evaluation, but also to identify potential individuals at risk for toxicity underreporting.
TIGIT and CD96: new checkpoint receptor targets for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Dougall William C. , Kurtulus Sema , Smyth Mark J. , Anderson Ana C. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryWhile therapies targeting the co‐inhibitory or immune checkpoint receptors PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 have shown remarkable success in many cancers, not all patients benefit from these therapies. This has catalyzed enormous interest in the targeting of other immune checkpoint receptors. In this regard, TIGIT and CD96 have recently entered the limelight as novel immune checkpoint receptor targets. TIGIT and CD96 together with the co‐stimulatory receptor CD226 form a pathway that is analogous to the CD28/CTLA‐4 pathway, in which shared ligands and differential receptor:ligand affinities fine‐tune the immune response. Although the roles of TIGIT and CD96 as immune checkpoint receptors in T cell and natural killer cell biology are just beginning to be uncovered, accumulating data support the targeting of these receptors for improving anti‐tumor immune responses. A clear understanding of the immune cell populations regulated by TIGIT and CD96 is key to the design of immunotherapies that target these receptors in combination with other existing immune checkpoint blockade therapies.
LAG3 (CD223) as a cancer immunotherapy target
Authors: Andrews Lawrence P. , Marciscano Ariel E. , Drake Charles G. , Vignali Dario A. A. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryDespite the impressive impact of CTLA4 and PD1‐PDL1‐targeted cancer immunotherapy, a large proportion of patients with many tumor types fail to respond. Consequently, the focus has shifted to targeting alternative inhibitory receptors (IRs) and suppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment. Lymphocyte activation gene‐3 (LAG3) (CD223) is the third IR to be targeted in the clinic, consequently garnering considerable interest and scrutiny. LAG3 upregulation is required to control overt activation and prevent the onset of autoimmunity. However, persistent antigen exposure in the tumor microenvironment results in sustained LAG3 expression, contributing to a state of exhaustion manifest in impaired proliferation and cytokine production. The exact signaling mechanisms downstream of LAG3 and interplay with other IRs remain largely unknown. However, the striking synergy between LAG3 and PD1 observed in multiple settings, coupled with the contrasting intracellular cytoplasmic domain of LAG3 as compared with other IRs, highlights the potential uniqueness of LAG3. There are now four LAG3‐targeted therapies in the clinic with many more in preclinical development, emphasizing the broad interest in this IR. Given the translational relevance of LAG3 and the heightened interest in the impact of dual LAG3/PD1 targeting in the clinic, the outcome of these trials could serve as a nexus; significantly increasing or dampening enthusiasm for subsequent targets in the cancer immunotherapeutic pipeline.