bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lien entre réel et virtuel : enseignement de la géographie et construction de la conscience citoyenne
Authors: Campeau Diane 
Published: February 2017

Cette recherche-développement réalisée dans le cadre d’une maîtrise en éducation avait pour but de voir si une approche utilisant l’environnement local pour réaliser l’apprentissage des concepts de géographie, permettait à des élèves du secondaire en classe d’adaptation scolaire, de développer les compétences du programme. La pédagogie autochtone, la pédagogie du lieu « place-based », de même que l’écoformation ont constitué les fondements théoriques qui ont étayé la proposition d’élaboration de situations d’apprentissage conçues et expérimentées selon deux modèles, dont l’un pour lequel on a utilisé le milieu de vie des élèves en alternance avec le virtuel. Les conclusions de la recherche sont présentées au regard de la construction d’une conscience citoyenne et du rôle du virtuel dans la proposition.
Annual cyclicity in export efficiency in the inner Southern California Bight
Authors: Haskell William Z. , Prokopenko Maria G. , Hammond Douglas E. , Stanley Rachel H. R. , Sandwith Zoe O. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe balance of marine autotrophy and heterotrophy regulates the ocean's ability to serve as a CO2 sink, as organic material produced by autotrophs sinks into the ocean interior to drive the biological pump. Marine ecosystems over the continental margins, especially coastal upwelling regions, account for a disproportionate amount of carbon export; thus, even small fluctuations in export in these regions can have a large impact on the global carbon cycle. In this study, we estimated the rate of gross oxygen production (GOP), stoichiometrically related to gross primary production, by combining measurements of the triple isotope composition of dissolved oxygen with estimates of vertical advection, eddy diffusion, and air‐sea gas exchange in a one‐dimensional two‐box nonsteady state model of the euphotic zone. Net oxygen production (NOP) estimates based on O2/Ar were then combined with GOP to estimate the NOP/GOP ratio, or potential export efficiency, out of the euphotic zone at the San Pedro Ocean Time‐series during an 18 month period between January 2013 and June 2014. GOP estimates ranged from 161 ± 44 to 477 ± 155 mmol m−2 d−1 during this period, peaking in May each year, and NOP/GOP ratios ranged from 0.05 ± 0.10 to 0.65 ± 0.28. The highest export efficiency occurred in late February/early March, following the onset of spring upwelling, declining as the upwelling season continued. This study demonstrates that export efficiency changes through time in this temperate coastal upwelling region on a repeated annual cycle, and the magnitude of export efficiency suggests efficient photosynthetic energy conversion by phytoplankton in spring.
On the “hidden” phytoplankton blooms on Australia's southern shelves
Authors: Kämpf Jochen , Kavi Ankit 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPhytoplankton blooms on Australia's southern shelves are revisited using satellite‐derived monthly data of chlorophyll a concentrations for the period 2003–2015. It is known that the region hosts a seasonal coastal upwelling system that develops in austral summer (January–March) with chlorophyll a concentrations of >2 mg/m3. While this summer upwelling is spatially limited to a few hot spots, here we show that widespread phytoplankton blooms of moderate (~1 mg/m3) chlorophyll a concentrations develop during autumn and early winter on most of Australia's extensive southern shelves—from the vast shelves of the Great Australian Bight (GAB) in the west to Bass Strait in the east. This surprising finding disproves the widespread belief that shelf waters of the GAB are generally oligotrophic and may explain the relatively high abundance of both forage fish (sardines) and upper trophic‐level predators (e.g., tuna and whales) in the region.
A theory on thermal spalling of rocks with a focus on thermal spallation drilling
Authors: Kant Michael A. , Rossi Edoardo , Madonna Claudio , Höser Dragana , Rudolf von Rohr Philipp 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThermal cracking of rocks is an intensively studied topic in different research areas and for various engineering problems. In this context, we present a modeling approach which describes thermal spalling of rocks with a focus on thermal spallation drilling. This drilling technology uses high thermal loads to locally destruct the surface of the rock formation. With the presented model, the operating conditions which are required to initiate spalling of rocks can be estimated. Additionally, a Spallability number is introduced allowing a categorization of rocks according to their ability to spall. The presented model is based on linear fracture mechanics and the stress intensity concept. It evaluates if a crack with a certain geometry embedded in a rock with specific properties propagates during exposure to different heat loads and external pressures. Thereby, rapid heat transfer processes are coupled with induced thermal stresses and fracture mechanics in rocks.
Study on soliton phase characteristics in 100 Gbps single‐channel telecommunication system
Authors: Mani Naicker Bhupeshwaran , A. Jawahar , S. Radha 
Published: February 2017

SummaryHere, we demonstrate the peculiar particle nature of soliton pulses with relative to phase, where the adjacent soliton pulses in a sequence attract and repel each other periodically for in‐phase and out‐of‐phase arrangement, respectively. This effect of soliton's interaction and repulsion is studied analytically by using perturbation theory approach. The study of soliton pair characteristics are mainly noted for different relative spacing (qo) between them and for different phase of launched soliton pulses. Following the analytical studies, we analyzed the effect in a 100 Gbps, single channel and uncompensated telecommunication system for different phased soliton sequences. Such that, the performance of the telecommunication system is characterized in terms of Q‐factor (Q) and bit‐error rate to realize the influence of phase on soliton pulses. The system was studied for 1 collision length (LD) of 123.36 km. It is seen that, for 100 Gbps system implemented with standard single mode telecom fiber, with soliton spaced at qo = 5.28, the in‐phase pulses interacted at 61.68 km, which has resulted in Q = 0 (bit‐error rate = 1). It is realized that for small‐phase introduction on soliton pulses, the system yielded fair Q demonstrating the non‐interaction at the Ip as the pulses deviate with respect to increasing phase values. But, it is also shown that large phase between pulses introduces more deviation, which results in overlapping of deviated pulses with adjacent pulses in sequence resulting in degradation of high bitrate system performance.
Wintertime ENSO influence on late spring European climate: the stratospheric response and the role of North Atlantic SST
Authors: Herceg‐Bulić Ivana , Mezzina Bianca , Kucharski Fred , Ruggieri Paolo , King Martin P. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe impact of the wintertime El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on European late spring climate is examined using an atmospheric general circulation model of intermediate complexity. The analysis is focused on the response of the lower stratosphere/upper troposphere, downward propagation of the ENSO signal detected in temperature, zonal wind and geopotential height and contribution of the North Atlantic to the persistence of the associated surface anomalies. It is found that the stratosphere responds to El Niño (La Niña) events with substantial warming (cooling) occurring in the polar area accompanied by a corresponding modification of upper‐level geopotential heights and zonal winds resembling the pattern of the Northern Annular Mode. The atmospheric response is detected in the upper troposphere as well as at the surface where it interacts with the North Atlantic. In this way, the footprint of atmospheric wintertime ENSO signal is preserved in the ocean persisting until the following spring when it is transmitted back into the atmosphere through the sea–air interaction. Furthermore, it is showed here that the late springtime ENSO signal over Europe may be considered as a result of two contributing processes: one is a direct (spring‐to‐spring) ENSO influence and the other is a delayed (winter‐to‐spring) ENSO influence. Two processes enable the delayed ENSO impact: the persistence of the wintertime ENSO signal in the stratosphere and the atmosphere–ocean interaction in the North Atlantic. Numerical simulations indicate that the memory of the ocean mixed layer is stronger than that of the stratosphere. In this manner, the presented results emphasize the extratropical Atlantic as a contributing factor for climate variability linking wintertime atmospheric circulation associated with ENSO forcing and European climate during the following spring.
Mechanical Energy‐to‐Electricity Conversion of Electron/Hole‐Transfer Agent‐Doped Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Nanofiber Webs
Authors: Shao Hao , Fang Jian , Wang Hongxia , Lang Chenhong , Yan Guilong , Lin Tong 
Published: February 2017

Electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers have shown novel property to convert kinetic energy into electricity. However, most of the PVDF nanofiber energy devices are based on pure PVDF. In this paper, the effect of small molecule doping on PVDF nanofiber diameter, β phase content, and mechanical‐to‐electrical energy conversion property is reported. Two chemicals, tri‐p‐tolylamine (TTA) and 2‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐5‐(4‐biphenylyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (Butyl‐PBD) which have electron‐ and hole‐transfer features, respectively, are chosen as dopants. When the nanofibers contain 0.5% TTA or 1% Butyl‐PBD, they show high β phase content and electric outputs. By combining a layer of nanofiber web which contained TTA with a layer of nanofiber web containing Butyl‐PBD, the voltage output is changed to 3.1 V, increasing by ≈100% when compared with the single layer nanofiber device of the same thickness. In addition, asymmetric electric outputs are observed in the two layer energy device. These novel features are probably attributed to the high internal polarity across the nanofiber web.
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Monoamine Oxidase A in Antisocial Personality Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Kolla Nathan J. , Vinette Sarah A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Variation in the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) gene and MAO-A enzyme levels have been linked to antisocial behavior and aggression in clinical and non-clinical populations. Here, we provide an overview of the genetic, epigenetic, and neuroimaging research that has examined MAO-A structure and function in antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD).

Recent Findings
The low-activity MAO-A variable nucleotide tandem repeat genetic polymorphism has shown a robust association with large samples of violent and seriously violent offenders, many of whom had ASPD. A recent positron emission tomography (PET) study of ASPD similarly revealed low MAO-A density in brain regions thought to contribute to the psychopathology of the condition. By contrast, PET has also demonstrated that brain MAO-A levels are increased in BPD and that they relate to symptoms of low mood and suicidality.

Summary
Candidate gene studies have produced the most compelling evidence connecting MAO-A genetic variants to both ASPD and BPD. Still, conflicting results abound in the literature, making it highly unlikely that ASPD or BPD is related to a specific MAO-A genetic variant. Future research should strive to examine how MAO-A genotypes interact with broad-spectrum environmental influences to produce brain endophenotypes that may ultimately become tractable targets for novel treatment strategies.
Self-reported psychosis-like experiences in patients with mood disorders
Authors: Baryshnikov I. , Aaltonen K. , Koivisto M. , Melartin T. , Näätänen P. , Suominen K. , Karpov B. , Heikkinen M. , Oksanen J. , Paunio T. , Joffe G. , Isometsä E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground:Self-reported psychosis-like experiences (PEs) may be common in patients with mood disorders, but their clinical correlates are not well known. We investigated their prevalence and relationships with self-reported symptoms of depression, mania, anxiety, borderline (BPD) and schizotypal (SPD) personality disorders among psychiatric patients with mood disorders.Methods:The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-42), Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), McLean Screening Instrument (MSI), The Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI), Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) and Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief form (SPQ-B) were filled in by patients with mood disorders (n=282) from specialized care. Correlation coefficients between total scores and individual items of CAPE-42 and BDI, SPQ-B, MSI and MDQ were estimated. Hierarchical multivariate regression analysis was conducted to examine factors influencing the frequency of self-reported PE.Results:PEs are common in patients with mood disorders. The “frequency of positive symptoms” score of CAPE-42 correlated strongly with total score of SPQ-B (rho=0.63;P<0.001) and moderately with total scores of BDI, MDQ, OASIS and MSI (rho varied from 0.37 to 0.56;P<0.001). Individual items of CAPE-42 correlated moderately with specific items of BDI, MDQ, SPQ-B and MSI (rφvaried from 0.2 to 0.5;P<0.001). Symptoms of anxiety, mania or hypomania and BPD were significant predictors of the “frequency of positive symptoms” score of CAPE-42.Conclusions:Several, state- and trait-related factors may underlie self-reported PEs among mood disorder patients. These include cognitive-perceptual distortions of SPD; distrustfulness, identity disturbance, dissociative and affective symptoms of BPD; and cognitive biases related to depressive or manic symptoms.
Quality of life and functional capacity are adversely affected in osteoarthritis patients with neuropathic pain
Authors: Aşkın Ayhan , Özkan Ayten , Tosun Aliye , Demirdal Ümit Seçil , İsnaç Fethi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the neuropathic pain component of knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and to investigate the relationship between neuropathic pain, disease stage, functional state, depression, anxiety, and quality of life. This study included 60 patients with knee OA. All demographic data and radiological results were recorded. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Timed Up and Go Test, Chair Stand Test, Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), PainDETECT questionnaire, DN4 questionnaire, Short form‐36 questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale were performed for each patient. Neuropathic pain was detected in 66.7% of patients based on the PainDETECT scale and in 46.7% of patients based on DN4 scale. VAS‐resting, OA grade, WOMAC scores, and SF‐scores showed a significant difference in patients that detected neuropathic pain with PainDETECT (p < 0.05). Based on the DN4 scale, patients with neuropathic pain had significantly higher WOMAC scores and significantly lower SF‐36 scores (p < 0.05). The PainDETECT questionnaire scores showed positive correlations with Timed Up‐and‐go Test, VAS‐resting, WOMAC scores, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale scores, and a negative correlation with all SF‐36 scores (p < 0.05). DN4 questionnaire scores showed a negative correlation with SF‐36 scores and positive correlation with WOMAC scores (p < 0.05). To conclude, it should be kept in mind that patients with knee OA who describe intense pain may have a neuropathic component involved in the clinical condition. Quality of life and functional capacity are adversely affected in patients with knee OA who have neuropathic pain. This should be taken into account while planning the treatment of these patients.
Trajectories of Stroke Care in Ontario: Which Path to Best Care?
Authors: Hall Ruth E. , Sondergaard Diana , Wodchis Walter P. , Fang Jiming , Mondal Prosanta , Bayley Mark T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground:Few studies have tracked stroke survivors through transitions across the health system and identified the most common trajectories and quality of care received. The objectives of our study were to examine the trajectories that incident stroke patients experience and to quantify the extent to which their care adhered to the best practices for stroke care.Methods:A population-based cohort of first-ever stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients from the 2012/13 Ontario Stroke Audit was linked to administrative databases using an encrypted health card number to identify dominant trajectories (N=12,362). All trajectories began in the emergency department (ED) and were defined by the transitions that followed immediately after the ED. Quality indicators were calculated to quantify best practice adherence within trajectories.Results:Six trajectories of stroke care were identified with significant variability in patient characteristics and quality of care received. Almost two-thirds (64.5%) required hospital admission. Trajectories that only involved the ED had the lowest rates of brain and carotid artery imaging (91.5 and 44.2%, respectively). Less than 20% of patients in trajectories involving hospital admissions received care on a stroke unit. The trajectory involving inpatient rehabilitation received suboptimal secondary prevention measures.Conclusions:There are six main trajectories stroke patients follow, and adherence to best practices varies by trajectory. Trajectories resulting in patients being transitioned to home care following ED management only are least likely and those including inpatient rehabilitation are most likely to receive stroke best practices. Increased time in facility-based care results in greater access to best practices. Stroke patients receiving only ED care require closer follow-up by stroke specialists.
NORTHEAST ASIA AND THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT: MEASURING NORMATIVE DISPOSITION
Authors: Dukalskis Alexander 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThis article aims to understand the policies of three major Northeast Asian states toward the Rome Statute and the International Criminal Court (ICC) that it established. Using a unique measurement tool, it traces the interactions of South Korea, Japan, and China with the Court since negotiations on its formation in the late 1990s. Included in this analysis is a focus on how Northeast Asian states have responded to recent efforts to bring North Korea into the Court's orbit for that country's military actions in 2010 and its human rights record over several decades. Data is based on publicly available documents as well as interviews with diplomats, legislators, legal experts, and activists in Japan, South Korea, and China conducted in 2015.
Extremal area ellipses of a convex quadrilateral
Authors: Silvester John R. 
Published: February 2017

In this paper we are going to generalise some standard results about the ellipses of least or greatest area, respectively circumscribing or inscribed in a triangle, to the corresponding ellipses for a convex quadrilateral.Given ΔABC let D, E, F be the midpoints of BC, CA, AB respectively; then the medians AD, BE, CF concur at the centroid G of ΔABC. There is an ellipse with centre G, touching the sides of ΔABC at their respective midpoints. It is known as the midpoint ellipse or Steiner inellipse of ΔABC, and it is the ellipse of greatest area inscribed in ΔABC. Since AG : GD = 2 : 1, and similarly for the other medians, a central dilation (an enlargement) with centre G and scale factor –2 (or, equivalently, 2) applied to the Steiner inellipse produces a similar ellipse, also with centre G, and passing through A, B and C. This is the Steiner circumellipse of ΔABC, and it is the ellipse of least area circumscribing ΔABC. See Figure 1. For more detail, see [1, 2] and the references given there.
Recycling Stirling's series acceleration technique
Authors: Levrie Paul , Nimbran Amrik Singh 
Published: February 2017

Infinite series are an important topic in mathematical analysis and convergence is the most crucial concept in the theory of infinite series. The speed at which the sequence of the partial sums of a series approaches its limiting sum has been a subject of investigation for many a mathematician. Euler [1], Kummer [2] and Markoff [3] all developed techniques for accelerating the convergence of slowly converging series. Euler's method only works for alternating series, Kummer's and Markoff's are suitable for general series with a special form.Gosper [4] illustrates how the rate of convergence of infinite series can be accelerated by a suitable splitting of each term into two parts and then combining the second part of thenth term with the first part ofn+ 1 th the term and leaving the first part of the first term. Repeated application of this process yields a new series which approaches 0 and the series of the left out first parts (‘orphans’) that converges faster than the original series.
Is Bultmann a Heideggerian theologian?
Authors: Congdon David W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEver since the 1920s, Rudolf Bultmann has been charged with confining theology to philosophy, owing to his naïve adoption of Martin Heidegger's existentialist ontology. Bultmann's personal friendship with Heidegger is well-known, and the presence of Heideggerian concepts throughout his work is impossible to miss. But there is a great deal of confusion over the details of this relationship, and scholars differ widely over what conclusions we ought to draw regarding the nature of Bultmann's work. This article reassesses the Bultmann–Heidegger relationship from three angles. First, I show that the essential elements of Bultmann's theology were already in place before he met or learnt from Heidegger. Second, I argue that Bultmann circumscribes Heidegger's philosophy within a theology of revelation. Third, I demonstrate that his theological programme is, in principle, open to other conceptualities. Since nothing material rests on the appropriation of Heidegger, one cannot accurately call Bultmann a Heideggerian theologian.
When Jesus lost his soul: fourth-century christology and modern neuroscience
Authors: Harris Mark 
Published: February 2017

AbstractModern conversations between the natural sciences and theology on the human soul have not so far engaged extensively with relevant debates in the early church. Contemporary neuroscience tends to operate within a monistic paradigm, often referred to as ‘physicalism’, that understands human mental activity entirely in naturalistic terms. While there is ongoing scientific debate about the degree to which human consciousness can be reduced entirely to biology, physicalism is often cited as making traditional religious belief in the soul obsolete, or at least modifying it significantly. The Apollinarian question of whether Jesus has a soul therefore reappears. This article considers the contemporary relevance of the Apollinarian controversy, suggesting that fourth-century insights possess key points of contact with the modern non-reductive physicalist position and thus raising important considerations for the science–theology conversation on the soul.