bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical and contemporary correlates of snake biogeographical subregions in the Atlantic Forest hotspot
Authors: Moura Mario R. , Argôlo Antônio J. , Costa Henrique C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimSnake faunal dissimilarity within tropical forests is not well characterized, nor are the factors underlying these patterns. Our aim was to disentangle the ecological and historical factors driving biogeographical subregions (BSR) for snakes.LocationBrazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF).MethodsWe compiled 274 snake inventories to build a species‐by‐site matrix and used unconstrained ordination and clustering techniques to identify the number of snake BSR. We applied an interpolation method to map axes of compositional variation over the whole extent of the BAF, and then classified the compositional dissimilarity according to the number of snake BSR identified a priori. We used multinomial logistic regression models and deviance partitioning techniques to investigate the influence of contemporary climatic stability, productivity, topographic complexity, and historical climate shifts in explaining the BSR.ResultsWe identified 198 snake species organized into six BSR, three of them located along the BAF coast and the other three predominantly inland BSR. Climatic stability made the largest contribution to explaining the variability in snake BSR, followed by productivity and historical variation in climate. Topography was important only if historical variation in climate was excluded from the analysis.Main conclusionsThe highest rates of snake endemism within BAF were in the coastal BSR, as compared to the inland BSR that are mostly composed of open habitat specialists. Our findings suggest that the topographic complexity of the BAF acts on snake distributions not as a physical barrier, but rather as a climatic barrier, providing historical climate refuges for species living along altitudinal gradients. Overall, the predominance of climatic stability and historic variation in climate in explaining snake BSR reinforces the importance of thermoregulatory constraints in shaping the distribution of tropical ectotherm species.
Long‐Term Outcome of Left Atrial Voltage‐Guided Substrate Ablation During Atrial Fibrillation: A Novel Adjunctive Ablation Strategy
Authors: YAGISHITA ATSUHIKO , GIMBEL J. ROD , DE OLIVEIRA SAMER , MANYAM HARISH , SPARANO DINA , CAKULEV IVAN , MACKALL JUDITH , ARRUDA MAURICIO 
Published: November 2016

Voltage‐Guided Atrial Fibrillation Substrate AblationIntroductionLeft atrium (LA) low voltage area (LVA) on 3‐D electroanatomic bipolar voltage mapping (EAVM), as a surrogate for scar, is associated with poor AF ablation outcome. We evaluated the long‐term outcome of an LVA‐guided atrial fibrillation (AF) substrate modification strategy as an adjunct to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI).Methods and ResultsTwo hundred and one consecutive patients with AF (82% persistent/Non‐PAF, age 65 years), who underwent EAVM during AF prior to PVI, were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of LVA outside the PV antra, defined as bipolar voltage of <0.5 mV. LVA‐guided substrate modification was performed after PVI in patients with LVA. LVA was found in 159 patients (79%). Non‐PAF (OR 3.851, P = 0.002) and CHA2DS2‐VASc score (OR 1.815, P < 0.001) were independent predictors for the LVA. After the index procedure, 144 patients (72%) were free from AF at 12 months. With multiple procedures, 148 patients (74%) during a median follow‐up of 3.1 years were free from the recurrence. There was no difference in the recurrence (log‐rank P = 0.746), and complications (0% vs. 7%, P = 0.125) between the groups. Neither LVA nor Non‐PAF was an independent predictor for the recurrence in a multivariate analysis.ConclusionsPatients with LVA had an equally favorable long‐term ablation outcome compared to those without. As an adjunct to PVI, voltage‐guided substrate modification may be an important ablation strategy in patients with LA structural remodeling.
Relationship of glycated hemoglobin, and fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Malaysia
Authors: Lim Lee Ling , Brnabic Alan JM , Chan Siew Pheng , Ibrahim Luqman , Paramasivam Sharmila Sunita , Ratnasingam Jeyakantha , Vethakkan Shireene Ratna , Tan Alexander Tong Boon 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionStudies on the relative contributions of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia (FH and PPH) to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to assess the relationship by using continuous glucose monitoring in a multi‐ethnic cohort.Materials and MethodsA total of 100 adults with type 2 diabetes were assessed with 6‐day continuous glucose monitoring and HbA1c. Area under the curve (AUC) ≥5.6 mmol/L was defined as AUCTOTAL. AUC equal to or greater than each preprandial glucose for 4‐h duration was defined as AUCPPH. The total PPH (AUCTPPH) was the sum of the various AUCPPH. The postprandial contribution to overall hyperglycemia was calculated as (AUCTPPH / AUCTOTAL) × 100%.ResultsThe present study comprised of Malay, Indian, and Chinese type 2 diabetes patients at 34, 34 and 28% respectively. Overall, the mean PPH significantly decreased as HbA1c advanced (mixed model repeated measures adjusted, beta‐estimate = −3.0, P = 0.009). Age (P = 0.010) and hypoglycemia (P = 0.006) predicted the contribution difference. In oral antidiabetic drug‐treated patients (n = 58), FH contribution increased from 54% (HbA1c 6–6.9%) to 67% (HbA1c ≥10%). FH predominance was significant in poorly‐controlled groups (P = 0.028 at HbA1c 9–9.9%; P = 0.015 at HbA1c ≥10%). Among insulin users (n = 42), FH predominated when HbA1c was ≥10% before adjustment for hypoglycemia (P = 0.047), whereas PPH was numerically greater when HbA1c was <8%.ConclusionsFH and PPH contributions were equal in well‐controlled Malaysian type 2 diabetes patients in real‐world practice. FH predominated when HbA1c was ≥9 and ≥10% in oral antidiabetic drug‐ and insulin‐treated patients, respectively. A unique observation was the greater PPH contribution when HbA1c was <8% despite the use of basal and mealtime insulin in this multi‐ethnic cohort, which required further validation.
Periodontitis and risk of psoriasis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ungprasert P. , Wijarnpreecha K. , Wetter D.A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe association between periodontitis and systemic diseases has been increasingly recognized. However, the data on the association between periodontitis and psoriasis are still limited.ObjectivesTo summarize all available data on the association between periodontitis and the risk of psoriasis.MethodsTwo investigators independently searched published studies indexed in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to July 2016 using a search strategy that included terms for psoriasis and periodontitis. Studies were included if the following criteria were met: (i) case–control or cohort study comparing the risk of psoriasis in subjects with and without periodontitis; (ii) subjects without periodontitis were used as comparators in cohort studies while participants without psoriasis were used as controls in case–control studies; and (iii) effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were provided. Point estimates and standard errors from each study were extracted and combined together using the generic inverse variance technique described by DerSimonian and Laird.ResultsTwo cohort studies and three case–control studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled risk ratio of psoriasis in patients with periodontitis versus comparators was 1.55 (95% CI, 1.35–1.77). The statistical heterogeneity was insignificant with an I2 of 18%. Subgroup analysis according to study design revealed a significantly higher risk among patients with periodontitis with a pooled RR of 1.50 (95% CI, 1.37–1.64) for cohort studies and a pooled RR of 2.33 (95% CI, 1.51–3.60) for case–control studies.ConclusionsPatients with periodontitis have a significantly elevated risk of psoriasis.
Constrained evolution of the sex comb inDrosophila simulans
Authors: Maraqa M. S. , Griffin R. , Sharma M. D. , Wilson A. J. , Hunt J. , Hosken D. J. , House C. M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMale fitness is dependent on sexual traits that influence mate acquisition (precopulatory sexual selection) and paternity (post‐copulatory sexual selection), and although many studies have documented the form of selection in one or the other of these arenas, fewer have done it for both. Nonetheless, it appears that the dominant form of sexual selection is directional, although theoretically, populations should converge on peaks in the fitness surface, where selection is stabilizing. Many factors, however, can prevent populations from reaching adaptive peaks. Genetic constraints can be important if they prevent the development of highest fitness phenotypes, as can the direction of selection if it reverses across episodes of selection. In this study, we examine the evidence that these processes influence the evolution of the multivariate sex comb morphology of maleDrosophila simulans. To do this, we conduct a quantitative genetic study together with a multivariate selection analysis to infer how the genetic architecture and selection interact. We find abundant genetic variance and covariance in elements of the sex comb. However, there was little evidence for directional selection in either arena. Significant nonlinear selection was detected prior to copulation when males were mated to nonvirgin females, and post‐copulation during sperm offence (again with males mated to nonvirgins). Thus, contrary to our predictions, the evolution of theD. simulanssex comb is limited neither by genetic constraints nor by antagonistic selection between pre‐ and post‐copulatory arenas, but nonlinear selection on the multivariate phenotype may prevent sex combs from evolving to reach some fitness maximizing optima.
Phosphorylation of Serine 148 in Giardia lamblia End‐binding 1 Protein is Important for Cell Division
Authors: Kim Juri , Lee Hye‐Yeon , Lee Kyu‐Ho , Park Soon‐Jung 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGiardia lamblia is a unicellular organism, showing a polarity with two nuclei and cytoskeletal structures. Accurate positioning of these organelles is essential for division of G. lamblia, which is poorly understood. Giardia lamblia end‐binding 1 (GlEB1) protein and G. lamblia aurora kinase (GlAK) have been shown to modulate microtubule (MT) distribution during cytokinesis. A direct association between GlEB1 and GlAK was demonstrated. Like GlEB1, GlAK was also found at nuclear envelopes and median bodies of G. lamblia. In vitro kinase assays using Giardia lysates immunoprecipitated with anti‐GlAK antibodies or recombinant GlAK suggested that GlEB1 is a substrate of GlAK. Site‐directed mutagenesis indicated that threonine‐205 in GlAK was auto‐phosphorylated and that GlAK phosphorylated serine (Ser)‐148 in GlEB1. Ectopic expression of a mutant GlEB1 (with conversion of Ser‐148 into alanine of GlEB1) resulted in an increased number of Giardia cells with division defects. Treatment of G. lamblia with an AK inhibitor triggered cytokinesis defects, and ectopic expression of a phospho‐mimetic mutant GlEB1 (with conversion of Ser‐148 into aspartate) rescued the defects in Giardia cell division caused by the AK inhibitor. These results suggested that phosphorylation of GlEB1 played a role in cytokinesis in G. lamblia.
Can water disinfection prevent the transmission of infectious koi herpesvirus to naïve carp? – a case report
Authors: Bergmann S M , Monro E S , Kempter J 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHygienic measures such as disinfection are important tools for the maintenance of fish health in aquaculture. While little information is available on the disinfection of water intended for fish containment, Huwa‐San®, a disinfectant used in food and water industries, was used for daily treatment at concentrations of approximately 60 ppm over a total period of 3 months (experiment 1) with a 3‐week treatment‐free interval after 2 months (experiment 2). During this period, koi herpesvirus (KHV) was added to the water of two aquaria, one used as a normal contact control, the other one receiving daily water disinfectant treatments that prevented KHV infection of carp. In the second experiment, Huwa‐San® treatment was interrupted and KHV infection was prevalent. However, when naïve fish were introduced to the same aquarium after re‐application of disinfectant, KHV could not be detected in those naïve fish. Whilst KHV could not be detected in samples where disinfectant had been applied, it was present in samples of naïve fish cohabiting with infection contact control animals which had undergone no disinfectant treatment over experiments 1 and 2. The results presented here show that water treatment with a disinfectant may prevent transmission of infectious KHV to naïve carp cohabited with infected carp.
Visualizing distribution of pesticide residues in mulberry leaves using NIR hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Jiang Shuying , Sun Jun , Xin Zhou , Mao Hanping , Wu Xiaohong , Li Qinglin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNowadays, hyperspectral imaging technique has been abroad and successfully used for quality inspection of food products. In this study, the microstructural changes of mulberry were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, NIR hyperspectral imaging system was used to predict the distribution of Pesticide residues in mulberry leaves with the aid of Gas Chromatography. It is primary to extract the characteristic wavelengths in the prediction and visualization of Pesticide residues in mulberry leaves. Successive projections algorithm (SPA), Stepwise regression(SR) and Regression coefficients (RC) were utilized. MLR was applied to build prediction models based on spectral feature in characteristic wavelengths. The best model SPA‐MLR (
and RMSEP = 38.789) was implemented into the pesticide residues visualization procedure. This study demonstrated that pesticide residues distribution map clearly showed the distribution of Pesticide residues in mulberry leaves.Practical applicationsWell understanding the effect of Pesticide residues to biological structure is very important for revelation of novel biological function and mechanism of action of the protein. To facilitate more quickly and effectively detect the types of pesticide residues on the surface of mulberry leaves, the microstructural changes of mulberry were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, NIR hyperspectral imaging system was used to predict the distribution of Pesticide residues in mulberry leaves with the aid of Gas Chromatography.
Predicting Risk of Cognitive Decline in Very Old Adults Using Three Models: The Framingham Stroke Risk Profile; the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia Model; and Oxi‐Inflammatory Biomarkers
Authors: Harrison Stephanie L. , de Craen Anton J. M. , Kerse Ngaire , Teh Ruth , Granic Antoneta , Davies Karen , Wesnes Keith A. , den Elzen Wendy P. J. , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Kirkwood Thomas B. L. , Robinson Louise , Jagger Carol , Siervo Mario , Stephan Blossom C. M. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP); the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) risk score, and oxi‐inflammatory load (cumulative risk score of three blood biomarkers—homocysteine, interleukin‐6, C‐reactive protein) for associations with cognitive decline using three cohort studies of very old adults and to examine whether incorporating these biomarkers with the risk scores can affect the association with cognitive decline.DesignThree longitudinal, population‐based cohort studies.SettingNewcastle‐upon‐Tyne, United Kingdom; Leiden, the Netherlands; and Lakes and Bay of Plenty District Health Board areas, New Zealand.ParticipantsNewcastle 85+ Study participants (n = 616), Leiden 85‐plus Study participants (n = 444), and Life and Living in Advanced Age, a Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ Study) participants (n = 396).MeasurementsFSRP, CAIDE risk score, oxi‐inflammatory load, FSRP incorporating oxi‐inflammatory load, and CAIDE risk score incorporating oxi‐inflammatory load. Oxi‐inflammatory load could be calculated only in the Newcastle 85+ and the Leiden 85‐plus studies. Measures of global cognitive function were available for all three data sets. Domain‐specific measures were available for the Newcastle 85+ and the Leiden 85‐plus studies.ResultsMeta‐analysis of pooled results showed greater risk of incident global cognitive impairment with higher FSRP (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–1.98), CAIDE (HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.09–2.14), and oxi‐inflammatory load (HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.04–2.88) scores. Adding oxi‐inflammatory load to the risk scores increased the risk of cognitive impairment for the FSRP (HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.17–2.33) and the CAIDE model (HR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.39–2.67).ConclusionAdding oxi‐inflammatory load to cardiovascular risk scores may be useful for determining risk of cognitive impairment in very old adults.
Beta‐Blocker Use in U.S. Nursing Home Residents After Myocardial Infarction: A National Study
Authors: Zullo Andrew R. , Lee Yoojin , Daiello Lori A. , Mor Vincent , John Boscardin W. , Dore David D. , Miao Yinghui , Fung Kathy Z. , Komaiko Kiya D. R. , Steinman Michael A. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate how often beta‐blockers were started after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in nursing home (NH) residents who previously did not use these drugs and to evaluate which factors were associated with post‐AMI use of beta‐blockers.DesignRetrospective cohort using linked national Minimum Data Set assessments; Online Survey, Certification and Reporting records; and Medicare claims.SettingU.S. NHs.ParticipantsNational cohort of 15,720 residents aged 65 and older who were hospitalized for AMI between May 2007 and March 2010, had not taken beta‐blockers for at least 4 months before their AMI, and survived 14 days or longer after NH readmission.MeasurementsThe outcome was beta‐blocker initiation within 30 days of NH readmission.ResultsFifty‐seven percent (n = 8,953) of residents initiated a beta‐blocker after AMI. After covariate adjustment, use of beta‐blockers was less in older residents (ranging from odds ratio (OR) = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.79–1.00 for aged 75–84 to OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.54–0.79 for ≥95 vs 65–74) and less in residents with higher levels of functional impairment (dependent or totally dependent vs independent to limited assistance: OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75–0.94) and medication use (≥15 vs ≤10 medications: OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80–0.99). A wide variety of resident and NH characteristics were not associated with beta‐blocker use, including sex, cognitive function, comorbidity burden, and NH ownership.ConclusionAlmost half of older NH residents in the United States do not initiate a beta‐blocker after AMI. The absence of observed factors that strongly predict beta‐blocker use may indicate a lack of consensus on how to manage older NH residents, suggesting the need to develop and disseminate thoughtful practice standards.
Factors related to the burnout of Japanese female nurses with children under 3 years old
Authors: Takayama Yuko , Suzuki Eiko , Kobiyama Atsuko , Maruyama Akiko , Sera Yoshiko 
Published: November 2016

AimBurnout is a common feature among healthcare professionals; however, little systematic research exists on burnout among nurses who are raising children. The burnout‐related factors among female nurses with children under the age of 3 years were identified in order to ascertain potential burnout prevention methods.MethodsIn total, 1681 nurses with children who worked at nine city hospitals in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, were sent the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey; 1173 nurses responded in June 2014. They were divided according to their sex and children's ages. A data analysis was undertaken for those female nurses with children who were aged under 3 years who provided valid responses (n = 158).ResultsA number of factors related to burnout in female nurses with children aged under 3 years was found via a multiple regression analysis: irritation at being unable to attend to their own affairs, over 4–6 h of overtime work per week, having a child aged under 3 years as the first or second child, little sense of work fulfillment, using a childcare facility outside the workplace, dissatisfaction with their salary, feeling ill‐qualified as a parent, and a sense of inadequate support.ConclusionsChild care occurs during a limited period and appropriate support is needed. A workplace environment with no overtime work, a childcare facility in the workplace, and mental health support to reduce “feelings of irritation” and “feeling ill‐qualified as a parent” could help to prevent burnout in female nurses with toddlers and infants.
Iranshahr blueschist: subduction of the inner Makran oceanic crust
Authors: Omrani H. , Moazzen M. , Oberhänsli R. , Moslempour M. E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Makran accretionary prism in SE Iran and SW Pakistan is one of the most extensive subduction accretions on Earth. It is characterized by intense folding, thrust faulting and dislocation of the Cenozoic units that consist of sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks. Rock units forming the northern Makran ophiolites are amalgamated as a mélange. Metamorphic rocks, including greenschist, amphibolite and blueschist, resulted from metamorphism of mafic rocks and serpentinites. In spite of the geodynamic significance of blueschist in this area, it has been rarely studied. Peak metamorphic phases of the northern Makran mafic blueschist in the Iranshahr area are glaucophane, phengite, quartz±omphacite+epidote. Post peak minerals are chlorite, albite and calcic amphibole. Blueschist facies metasedimentary rocks contain garnet, phengite, albite and epidote in the matrix and as inclusions in glaucophane. The calculated P–T pseudosection for a representative metabasic glaucophane schist yields peak pressure and temperature of 11.5–15 kbar at 400–510 °C. These rocks experienced retrograde metamorphism from blueschist to greenschist facies (350–450 °C and 7–8 kbar) during exhumation. A back arc basin was formed due to northward subduction of Neotethys under Eurasia (Lut block). Exhumation of the high‐pressure metamorphic rocks in northern Makran occurred contemporarily with subduction. Several reverse faults played an important role in exhumation of the ophiolitic and HP‐LT rocks. The presence of serpentinite shows the possible role of a serpentinite diapir for exhumation of the blueschist. A tectonic model is proposed here for metamorphism and exhumation of oceanic crust and accretionary sedimentary rocks of the Makran area. Vast accretion of subducted materials caused southward migration of the shore.