bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ion transfer from an atmospheric pressure ion funnel into a mass spectrometer with different interface options: Simulation‐based optimization of ion transmission efficiency
Authors: Mayer Thomas , Borsdorf Helko 
Published: January 2016

RationaleWe optimized an atmospheric pressure ion funnel (APIF) including different interface options (pinhole, capillary, and nozzle) regarding a maximal ion transmission. Previous computer simulations consider the ion funnel itself and do not include the geometry of the following components which can considerably influence the ion transmission into the vacuum stage.MethodsInitially, a three‐dimensional computer‐aided design (CAD) model of our setup was created using Autodesk Inventor. This model was imported to the Autodesk Simulation CFD program where the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were calculated. The flow field was transferred to SIMION 8.1. Investigations of ion trajectories were carried out using the SDS (statistical diffusion simulation) tool of SIMION, which allowed us to evaluate the flow regime, pressure, and temperature values that we obtained.ResultsThe simulation‐based optimization of different interfaces between an atmospheric pressure ion funnel and the first vacuum stage of a mass spectrometer require the consideration of fluid dynamics. The use of a Venturi nozzle ensures the highest level of transmission efficiency in comparison to capillaries or pinholes. However, the application of radiofrequency (RF) voltage and an appropriate direct current (DC) field leads to process optimization and maximum ion transfer. The nozzle does not hinder the transfer of small ions.ConclusionsOur high‐resolution SIMION model (0.01 mm grid unit–1) under consideration of fluid dynamics is generally suitable for predicting the ion transmission through an atmospheric‐vacuum system for mass spectrometry and enables the optimization of operational parameters. A Venturi nozzle inserted between the ion funnel and the mass spectrometer permits maximal ion transmission. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ein hochlagenorientiertes und duktilitätsgesteuertes Stahlgütewahlkonzept
Authors: Eichler Björn , Feldmann Markus 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDie europäischen Stahlbaunormen enthalten ein vereinfacht aufbereitetes Modell der Stahlsortenwahl zur Vermeidung von Sprödbruch (DIN EN 1993‐1‐10), das auf einem bruchmechanischen Zähigkeitsnachweis in der Tieflage basiert. Für die eindeutige Charakterisierung des Materialverhaltens von ferritischen Baustählen ist jedoch die Entwicklung der Zähigkeitseigenschaften über den vollständigen Temperaturbereich und damit auch das Hochlagenverhalten entscheidend. Letzteres beeinflusst das Duktilitätsvermögen des Werkstoffs und damit seine Fähigkeit zur plastischen Umverteilung, was insbesondere bei festigkeitskontrollierten Versagensarten bei der Bemessung im Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit implizit als gegeben vorausgesetzt wird. Die in DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 in dieser Hinsicht existierenden Duktilitätskriterien werden als unzureichend angesehen, da sie weder mechanisch eindeutig zu begründen sind, noch aus dem Hochlagenverhalten abgeleitet werden können. Ähnliches gilt für den in Deutschland für dickere Bleche einiger Stahlsorten noch zu erbringenden Aufschweißbiegeversuch nach SEP 1390. Als Grundlage der Stahlgütewahl für die verformungsgesteuerte Bemessung wurde in diesem Sinne ein zähigkeitsorientiertes Modell zur Werkstoffwahl entwickelt, mit dem sich Hochlagenanforderungen in Form von Hochlagenkerbschlagwerten KVUS zur Einstellung eines notwendigen Duktilitätsniveaus quantifizieren und ferner Hochlage und Übergangsbereich mit der Tieflage verknüpfen lassen.An upper shelf oriented and ductility‐controlled steel selection concept. The European steel work codes contain a simplified steel selection method for the avoidance of brittle fracture (DIN EN 1993‐1‐10) that is based on a fracture mechanical consideration of toughness properties in the lower shelf of the toughness transition curve. For the unambiguous characterisation of the material behaviour of ferrite structural steels the development of the toughness properties for the full temperature range and therewith the upper shelf behaviour is crucial. The latter affects the material’s ductile capacity and thereby its ability for plastic redistribution that is presumed as an integral element for the strength functions in case of the ultimate limit state design. In this respect only inadequate ductility criteria exist to date in DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 which cannot clearly be justified by mechanical means nor derived from upper shelf aspects. Something similar applies to the so‐called Aufschweißbiegeversuch acc. to SEP 1390 that in Germany still in some cases is obligatory for thicker elements of several steel grades. In this light a toughness‐oriented model for the choice of steel material for the plastic design taking inelastic redistributions into account was developed which allows to quantify upper shelf demands for adjusting a required ductility level by combining the upper shelf and the transition region with the lower shelf.
Stahl in der Bildhauerei – Tragwerksentwurf der Skulptur “le chemin de l’eau” in Paris
Authors: Avgerinou Stella , Vayas Ioannis , Adamakos Kostas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAngelika Korovessi, eine prominente griechische Bildhauerin, entwarf eine Stahlskulptur, die in Paris vor einem öffentlichen Gebäude permanent ausgestellt ist. Die Skulptur ist eine abstrakte geometrische Komposition aus nichtrostendem Stahl und steht auf einem Sockel, der in einem Wasserbecken unter der Wasseroberfläche liegt. Die einzelnen Teile der Skulptur bestehen aus geschweißten, dünnwandigen, rechteckigen Hohlquerschnitten variabler Höhen, die miteinander durch kurze Rohrstücke verbunden sind. Das Werk wurde in Athen hergestellt, für den Transport in zwei Teile geteilt und vor Ort in Paris zusammengebaut. Dieser Beitrag berichtet über die Modellierung, die rechnerischen Nachweise und der Konstruktion des Kunstwerkes.Steel in sculpture – Structural design of the sculpture “le chemin de l’eau” in Paris. Aggelika Korovessi, a prominent Greek sculptress, designed a sculpture to be permanently exhibited outside a public building in Paris. The sculpture is an abstract geometric composition from stainless steel and rests on a basis which is submerged in water. The individual parts are composed from welded thin‐walled rectangular hollow sections with variable heights that are connected by short tubes. The sculture was fabricated in Athens, divided in two pieces because of transportation reasons and assembled on site in Paris. This paper reports on the design and construction of the artwork.
Adenosinergic Immunosuppression by Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Requires Co-Operation with T cells
Authors: Kerkelä Erja , Laitinen Anita , Räbinä Jarkko , Valkonen Sami , Takatalo Maarit , Larjo Antti , Veijola Johanna , Lampinen Milla , Siljander Pia , Lehenkari Petri , Alfthan Kaija , Laitinen Saara 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to counteract excessive inflammatory responses. MSCs possess a range of immunomodulatory mechanisms, which can be deployed in response to signals in a particular environment and in concert with other immune cells. One immunosuppressive mechanism, not so well-known in MSCs, is mediated via adenosinergic pathway by ectonucleotidases CD73 and CD39. In this study, we demonstrate that adenosine is actively produced from adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) by CD73 on MSCs and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Our results indicate that although MSCs express CD39 at low level and it colocalizes with CD73 in bulge areas of membranes, the most efficient adenosine production from adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) requires co-operation of MSCs and activated T cells. Highly CD39 expressing activated T cells produce AMP from ATP and MSCs produce adenosine from AMP via CD73 activity. Furthermore, adenosinergic signaling plays a role in suppression of T cell proliferation in vitro. In conclusion, this study shows that adenosinergic signaling is an important immunoregulatory mechanism of MSCs, especially in situations where ATP is present in the extracellular environment, like in tissue injury. An efficient production of immunosuppressive adenosine is dependent on the concerted action of CD39-positive immune cells with CD73-positive cells such as MSCs or their EVs.
MicroRNA Regulates Hepatocytic Differentiation of Progenitor Cells by Targeting YAP1
Authors: Jung Kwang Hwa , McCarthy Ryan L. , Zhou Chong , Uprety Nadima , Barton Michelle Craig , Beretta Laura 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
MicroRNA expression profiling in human liver progenitor cells following hepatocytic differentiation identified miR-122 and miR-194 as the microRNAs most strongly upregulated during hepatocytic differentiation of progenitor cells. MiR-194 was also highly upregulated following hepatocytic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Overexpression of miR-194 in progenitor cells accelerated their differentiation into hepatocytes, as measured by morphological features such as canaliculi and expression of hepatocytic markers. Overexpression of miR-194 in hESCs induced their spontaneous differentiation, a phenotype accompanied with accelerated loss of the pluripotent factors OCT4 and NANOG and decrease in mesoderm marker HAND1 expression. We then identified YAP1 as a direct target of miR-194. Inhibition of YAP1 strongly induced hepatocytic differentiation of progenitor cells and YAP1 overexpression reversed the miR-194-induced hepatocytic differentiation of progenitor cells. In conclusion, we identified miR-194 as a potent inducer of hepatocytic differentiation of progenitor cells and further identified YAP1 as a mediator of miR-194's effects on hepatocytic differentiation and liver progenitor cell fate.
Maternal serum PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG at 12, 22 and 32 weeks' gestation in screening for pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Wright A. , Guerra L. , Pellegrino M. , Wright D. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the distribution of maternal serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) at 12, 22 and 32 weeks' gestation in singleton pregnancies which develop pre‐eclampsia (PE) and examine the performance of these biomarkers in screening for PE.MethodsSerum PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG were measured in 94 989 cases at 11–13 weeks, 7597 at 19–24 weeks and 8088 at 30–34 weeks' gestation. Bayes' theorem was used to combine the a‐priori risk from maternal characteristics and medical history with PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG. The empirical and model‐based performance of screening for preterm PE requiring delivery < 37 weeks' gestation and term PE with delivery ≥ 37 weeks was estimated.ResultsCombined screening with maternal factors and serum PAPP‐A at 11–13 and 30–34 weeks and with maternal factors and serum free β‐hCG at 19–24 and 30–34 weeks improved the prediction provided by maternal factors alone for preterm PE. The detection rate, at a 10% false‐positive rate, for preterm PE by screening with maternal factors was about 45% which improved to 51% and 53% by combined screening with PAPP‐A at 11–13 weeks and 30–34 weeks, respectively, and 55% and 54% by combined screening with free β‐hCG at 19–24 weeks and 30–34 weeks, respectively. Measurement of serum PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG was not useful in the prediction of term PE.ConclusionsMeasurement of serum PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG could improve the prediction of preterm PE provided by maternal characteristics and medical history alone. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Improved pinocembrin production in Escherichia coli by engineering fatty acid synthesis
Authors: Cao Weijia , Ma Weichao , Zhang Bowen , Wang Xin , Chen Kequan , Li Yan , Ouyang Pingkai 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The development of efficient microbial processes for pinocembrin production has attracted considerable attention. However, pinocembrin biosynthetic efficiency is greatly limited by the low availability of the malonyl-CoA cofactor in Escherichia coli. Fatty acid biosynthesis is the only metabolic process in E. coli that consumes malonyl-CoA; therefore, we overexpressed the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway enzymes β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III (FabH) and β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II (FabF) alone and in combination, and investigated the effect on malonyl-CoA. Interestingly, overexpressing FabH, FabF or both enzymes in E. coli BL21 (DE3) decreased fatty acid synthesis and increased cellular malonyl-CoA levels 1.4-, 1.6-, and 1.2-fold, respectively. Furthermore, pinocembrin production was increased 10.6-, 31.8-, and 5.87-fold in recombinant strains overexpressing FabH, FabF and both enzymes, respectively. Overexpression of FabF, therefore, triggered the highest pinocembrin production and malonyl-CoA levels. The addition of cerulenin further increased pinocembrin production in the FabF-overexpressing strain, from 25.8 to 29.9 mg/L. These results demonstrated that overexpressing fatty acid synthases can increase malonyl-CoA availability and improve pinocembrin production in a recombinant E. coli host. This strategy may hold promise for the production of other important natural products in which cellular malonyl-CoA is rate limiting.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the prospect of E-CPR in the Maastricht region
Authors: Sharma A.S. , Pijls R.W.M. , Weerwind P.W. , Delnoij T.S.R. , de Jong W.C. , Gorgels A.P.M. , Maessen J.G. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Aim
The current outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in the Maastricht region was analysed with the prospect of implementing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR).

Methods
A retrospective analysis of adult patients who were resuscitated for OHCA during a 24-month period was performed.

Results
195 patients (age 66 [57–75] years, 82 % male) were resuscitated for OHCA by the emergency medical services and survived to admission at the emergency department. Survival to hospital discharge was 46.2 %. Notable differences between non-survivors and survivors were observed and included: age (70 [58–79] years) vs. (63 [55–72] years, p = 0.01), chronic heart failure (18 vs. 7 %, p = 0.02), shockable rhythm (67 vs. 99 %, p < 0.01), and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at departure from the site of the arrest (46 vs. 99 %, p < 0.01) and on arrival to the emergency department (43 vs. 98 %, p < 0.01), respectively. Acute coronary syndrome was diagnosed in 32 % of non-survivors vs. 59 % among survivors, p < 0.01. Therapeutic hypothermia was provided in non-survivors (20 %) vs. survivors (43 %), p < 0.01. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed in 14 % of non-survivors while 52 % of survivors received PCI (p < 0.01). No statistical significance was observed in terms of gender, witnessed arrest, bystander CPR, or automated external defibrillator deployed among the cohort. At hospital discharge, moderately severe neurological disability was present in six survivors.

Conclusion
These observations are compatible with the notion that a shockable rhythm, ROSC, and post-arrest care improve survival outcome. Potentially, initiating E-CPR in the resuscitation phase in patients with a shockable rhythm and no ROSC might serve as a bridge to definite treatment and improve survival outcome.
Observation of human embryonic behavior in vitro by high‐resolution time‐lapse cinematography
Authors: Iwata Kyoko , Mio Yasuyuki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAssisted reproductive technology (ART) has yielded vast amounts of information and knowledge on human embryonic development in vitro; however, still images provide limited data on dynamic changes in the developing embryos. Using our high‐resolution time‐lapse cinematography (hR‐TLC) system, we were able to describe normal human embryonic development continuously from the fertilization process to the hatched blastocyst stage in detail. Our hR‐TLC observation also showed the embryonic abnormality of a third polar body (PB)‐like substance likely containing a small pronucleus being extruded and resulting in single‐pronucleus (1PN) formation, while our molecular biological investigations suggested the possibility that some 1PN embryos could be diploid, carrying both maternal and paternal genomes. Furthermore, in some embryos the extruded third PB‐like substance was eventually re‐absorbed into the ooplasm resulting in the formation of an uneven‐sized, two‐PN zygote. In addition, other hR‐TLC observations showed that cytokinetic failure was correlated with equal‐sized, multi‐nucleated blastomeres that were also observed in the embryo showing early initiation of compaction. Assessment combining our hR‐TLC with molecular biological techniques enables a better understanding of embryonic development and potential improvements in ART outcomes.
Trinity, generality, and dominance
Authors: BABER H. E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractI defend a relative identity solution to the identity puzzle posed by the doctrine of the Trinity. It has been argued that relative identity theories which admit absolute identity, such as the account proposed here, do not succeed in saving the doctrine of the Trinity from logical incoherence. I show that this argument fails. Relative identity theories that admit absolute identity are logically conservative, metaphysically innocent, and unproblematic. And, given the account I propose we can, without incurring any logical or metaphysical costs, hold that Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are the same being but not the same trinitarian person.
MINDING THEIR OWN BUSINESS: MARRIED WOMEN AND CREDIT IN EARLY EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LONDON
Authors: Shepard Alexandra 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTTaking a micro-historical approach, this paper explores the business activities of Elizabeth Carter and Elizabeth Hatchett, two married women who operated together as pawnbrokers in London in the early decades of the eighteenth century. Based on a protracted inheritance dispute through which their extensive dealings come to light, the discussion assesses married women's lending and investment strategies in a burgeoning metropolitan economy; the networks through which women lenders operated; and the extent to which wives could sidestep the legal conventions of ‘coverture’ which restricted their ownership of moveable property. It is argued that the moneylending and asset management activities of women like Carter and Hatchett were an important part of married women's work that did not simply consolidate neighbourhood ties but that placed them at the heart of the early modern economy.
Terrorism in Turkey
Authors: Rodoplu Ulkumen , Arnold Jeffrey , Ersoy Gurkan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Over the past two decades, terrorism has exacted an enormous toll on the
Republic of Turkey, a secular democracy with a 99.8% Muslim population. From
1984 to 2000, an estimated 30,000 to 35,000 Turkish citizens were killed by
a nearly continuous stream of terrorism-related events. During this period,
the Partiya Karekeren Kurdistan (PKK), a Kurdish separatist group (re-named
KADEK in 2002), was responsible for the vast majority of terrorism-related
events (and casualties), which disproportionately affected the eastern and
southeastern regions of Turkey, in which the PKK has focused its activities.
Most terrorist attacks over the past two decades have been bombings or
shootings that produced <10 casualties per event. From 1984 to 2003, 15
terrorist attacks produced ≥30 casualties (eight shootings, five bombings,
and two arsons). The maximum number of casualties produced by any of these
events was 93 in the Hotel Madimak arson attack by the Tu r kish Islamic
Movement in 1993.
This pattern suggests that terrorist attacks in Turkey rarely required
more than local systems of emergency medical response, except in rural areas
where Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are routinely provided by regional
military resources. The last decade has seen the development of several key
systems of local emergency response in Turkey, including the establishment
of the medical specialty of Emergency Medicine, the establishment of
training programs for EMS providers, the spread of a generic, Turkish
hospital emergency plan based on the Hospital Emergency Incident Command
System, and the spread of advanced training in trauma care modeled after
Advanced Trauma Life Support.
BPTF is required for c-MYC transcriptional activity and in vivo tumorigenesis
Authors: Richart Laia , Carrillo-de Santa Pau Enrique , Río-Machín Ana , de Andrés Mónica P. , Cigudosa Juan C. , Lobo Víctor J. Sánchez-Arévalo , Real Francisco X. 
Published: January 2016

Abstractc-MYC oncogene is deregulated in most human tumours. Histone marks associated with transcriptionally active genes define high-affinity c-MYC targets. The mechanisms involved in their recognition by c-MYC are unknown. Here we report that c-MYC interacts with BPTF, a core subunit of the NURF chromatin-remodelling complex. BPTF is required for the activation of the full c-MYC transcriptional programme in fibroblasts. BPTF knockdown leads to decreased c-MYC recruitment to DNA and changes in chromatin accessibility. In Bptf-null MEFs, BPTF is necessary for c-MYC-driven proliferation, G1–S progression and replication stress, but not for c-MYC-driven apoptosis. Bioinformatics analyses unveil that BPTF levels correlate positively with c-MYC-driven transcriptional signatures. In vivo, Bptf inactivation in pre-neoplastic pancreatic acinar cells significantly delays tumour development and extends survival. Our findings uncover BPTF as a crucial c-MYC co-factor required for its biological activity and suggest that the BPTF-c-MYC axis is a potential therapeutic target in cancer.
Surface-enabled propulsion and control of colloidal microwheels
Authors: Tasci T. O. , Herson P. S. , Neeves K. B. , Marr D. W. M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPropulsion at the microscale requires unique strategies such as the undulating or rotating filaments that microorganisms have evolved to swim. These features however can be difficult to artificially replicate and control, limiting the ability to actuate and direct engineered microdevices to targeted locations within practical timeframes. An alternative propulsion strategy to swimming is rolling. Here we report that low-strength magnetic fields can reversibly assemble wheel-shaped devices in situ from individual colloidal building blocks and also drive, rotate and direct them along surfaces at velocities faster than most other microscale propulsion schemes. By varying spin frequency and angle relative to the surface, we demonstrate that microwheels can be directed rapidly and precisely along user-defined paths. Such in situ assembly of readily modified colloidal devices capable of targeted movements provides a practical transport and delivery tool for microscale applications, especially those in complex or tortuous geometries.