bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Content-Based Classification of Sensitive Tweets
Authors: Wang Qiaozhi , Bhandal Jaisneet , Huang Shu , Luo Bo 
Published: December 2017

Online Social Networks (OSNs), such as Facebook and Twitter, provide open platforms for users to easily share their statuses, opinions, and ideas, ranging from personal experiences/activities to breaking news. With the increasing popularity of online social networks and the explosion of blog and microblog messages, we have observed large amounts of potentially sensitive or private messages being published to OSNs inadvertently or voluntarily. The owners of these messages may become vulnerable to online stalkers or adversaries, especially considering that many online social network platforms (e.g. Twitter) provide open access to the public, including unregistered users and search engine bots. Studies show that users often regret posting sensitive or private messages. However, it is very difficult to completely erase such messages from the Internet, especially when the messages have been indexed by the search engines or forwarded (e.g. re-tweet in Twitter) by other users. Therefore, it is critical to identify messages that reveal private/sensitive information, and warn users before they post the messages to the public. However, the definition of sensitive information is subjective and different from user to user. For example, some users may feel comfortable sharing political opinions, while others do not. To develop a privacy protection mechanism that is customizable to fit the needs of diverse audiences, it is essential to accurately and automatically classify potentially sensitive messages into topic categories, such as health, politics, family, relationship, religion, etc. In this paper, we make the first attempt to classify sensitive tweets into 13 pre-defined topic categories. In particular, we model the semantic content of tweets with term distribution features as well as users’ topic-preferences based on personal tweet history. We also add domain-specific features, i.e. domain knowledge, to improve classification performance. Experiments show that our method can boost classification accuracy compared with the well-known Bag-of-Words and TF-IDF methods. a
Altered skeletal muscle mitochondrial phenotype in COPD: disease vs. disuse
Authors: Gifford Jayson R. , Trinity Joel D. , Kwon Oh-Sung , Layec Gwenael , Garten Ryan S. , Park Song-Young , Nelson Ashley D. , Richardson Russell S. 
Published: December 2017

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit an altered skeletal muscle mitochondrial phenotype, which often includes reduced mitochondrial density, altered respiratory function, and elevated oxidative stress. As this phenotype may be explained by the sedentary lifestyle that commonly accompanies this disease, the aim of this study was to determine whether such alterations are still evident when patients with COPD are compared to control subjects matched for objectively measured physical activity (PA; accelerometry). Indexes of mitochondrial density [citrate synthase (CS) activity], respiratory function (respirometry in permeabilized fibers), and muscle oxidative stress [4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) content] were assessed in muscle fibers biopsied from the vastus lateralis of nine patients with COPD and nine PA-matched control subjects (CON). Despite performing similar levels of PA (CON: 18 ± 3, COPD: 20 ± 7 daily minutes moderate-to-vigorous PA; CON: 4,596 ± 683, COPD: 4,219 ± 763 steps per day, P > 0.70), patients with COPD still exhibited several alterations in their mitochondrial phenotype, including attenuated skeletal muscle mitochondrial density (CS activity; CON 70.6 ± 3.8, COPD 52.7 ± 6.5 U/mg, P < 0.05), altered mitochondrial respiration [e.g., ratio of complex I-driven state 3 to complex II-driven state 3 (CI/CII); CON: 1.20 ± 0.11, COPD: 0.90 ± 0.05, P < 0.05), and oxidative stress (4-HNE; CON: 1.35 ± 0.19, COPD: 2.26 ± 0.25 relative to β-actin, P < 0.05). Furthermore, CS activity ( r = 0.55), CI/CII ( r = 0.60), and 4-HNE ( r = 0.49) were all correlated with pulmonary function, assessed as forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( P < 0.05), but not PA ( P > 0.05). In conclusion, the altered mitochondrial phenotype in COPD is present even in the absence of differing levels of PA and appears to be related to the disease itself. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with debilitating alterations in the function of skeletal muscle mitochondria. By comparing the mitochondrial phenotype of patients with COPD to that of healthy control subjects who perform the same amount of physical activity each day, this study provides evidence that many aspects of the dysfunctional mitochondrial phenotype observed in COPD are not merely due to reduced physical activity but are likely related to the disease itself.
Temporal characteristics of exercise-induced diaphragmatic fatigue
Authors: Archiza Bruno , Welch Joseph F. , Geary Caitlin M. , Allen Grayson P. , Borghi-Silva Audrey , Sheel A. William 
Published: December 2017

There is evidence suggesting diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) occurs relatively early during high-intensity exercise; however, studies investigating the temporal characteristics of exercise-induced DF are limited by incongruent methodology. Eight healthy adult males (25 ± 5 yr) performed a maximal incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer on day 1. A constant-load time-to-exhaustion (TTE) exercise test was conducted on day 2 at 60% delta between the calculated gas exchange threshold and peak work rate. Two additional constant-load exercise tests were performed at the same intensity on days 3 and 4 in a random order to either 50 or 75% TTE. DF was assessed on days 2, 3, and 4 by measuring transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (Pdi,tw) in response to cervical magnetic stimulation. DF was present after 75 and 100% TTE (≥20% decrease in Pdi,tw). The magnitude of fatigue was 15.5 ± 5.7%, 23.6 ± 6.4%, and 35.0 ± 12.1% at 50, 75, and 100% TTE, respectively. Significant differences were found between 100 to 75 and 50% TTE (both P < 0.01), and 75 to 50% TTE ( P < 0.01). There was a significant relationship between the magnitude of fatigue and cumulative diaphragm force output ( r = 0.785; P < 0.001). Ventilation, the mechanical work of breathing (WOB), and pressure-time products were not different between trials ( P > 0.05). Our data indicate that exercise-induced DF presents a relatively late onset and is proportional to the cumulative WOB; thus the ability of the diaphragm to generate pressure progressively declines throughout exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The notion that diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) occurs relatively early during exercise is equivocal. Our results indicate that DF occurs during high-intensity endurance exercise in healthy men and its magnitude is strongly related to the amount of pressure and work generated by respiratory muscles. Thus we conclude that the work of breathing is the major determinant of exercise-induced DF.
Adaptive and Reversible Resistance to Kras Inhibition in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Pan-Yu , Muzumdar Mandar Deepak , Dorans Kimberly Judith , Robbins Rebecca , Bhutkar Arjun , del Rosario Amanda , Mertins Philipp , Qiao Jana , Schafer Anette Claudia , Gertler Frank , Carr Steven , Jacks Tyler 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Activating mutations in KRAS are the hallmark genetic alterations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and the key drivers of its initiation and progression. Longstanding efforts to develop novel KRAS inhibitors have been based on the assumption that PDAC cells are addicted to activated KRAS, but this assumption remains controversial. In this study, we analyzed the requirement of endogenous Kras to maintain survival of murine PDAC cells, using an inducible shRNA-based system that enables temporal control of Kras expression. We found that the majority of murine PDAC cells analyzed tolerated acute and sustained Kras silencing by adapting to a reversible cell state characterized by differences in cell morphology, proliferative kinetics, and tumor-initiating capacity. While we observed no significant mutational or transcriptional changes in the Kras-inhibited state, global phosphoproteomic profiling revealed significant alterations in cell signaling, including increased phosphorylation of focal adhesion pathway components. Accordingly, Kras-inhibited cells displayed prominent focal adhesion plaque structures, enhanced adherence properties, and increased dependency on adhesion for viability in vitro. Overall, our results call into question the degree to which PDAC cells are addicted to activated KRAS, by illustrating adaptive nongenetic and nontranscriptional mechanisms of resistance to Kras blockade. However, by identifying these mechanisms, our work also provides mechanistic directions to develop combination strategies that can help enforce the efficacy of KRAS inhibitors.
Significance: These results call into question the degree to which pancreatic cancers are addicted to KRAS by illustrating adaptive nongenetic and nontranscriptional mechanisms of resistance to Kras blockade, with implications for the development of KRAS inhibitors for PDAC treatment. Cancer Res; 78(4); 985–1002. ©2017 AACR.
Dietary Energy Density, Glycemic Load, Glycemic Index, and Risk for Endometrial Cancer in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort
Authors: Hartman Terryl J. , McCullough Marjorie L. , Hodge James M. , Gaudet Mia M. , Wang Ying , Gapstur Susan M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background: The glycemic potential and energy density (ED) of diet may influence endometrial cancer risk. Although glycemic load (GL) is considered a probable risk factor for endometrial cancer, no studies have evaluated the association of total dietary ED with risk.
Methods: We evaluated associations of ED, GL, and glycemic index (GI) with postmenopausal endometrial cancer incidence. Analyses included 30,997 postmenopausal women from the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort with no previous history of cancer or diabetes, who provided information on diet, lifestyle, and medical history in 1999 and were followed for cancer incidence through June 2013. Multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for quartiles (Q) of total dietary ED, GL, and GI in relation to endometrial cancer incidence using Cox proportional hazards regression models.
Results: During a median follow-up time of 13.6 years, 425 endometrial cancer cases were identified. Median dietary ED was 1.5 kcal/g [interquartile range (IQR) = 1.3–1.7 kcal/g]. Median (IQR) GL and GI were 113.7 (100.5–126.8) and 52.5 (50.4–54.5), respectively. After adjustment for age, use of hormone replacement therapy, physical activity, and body mass index (kg/m2), neither ED, GL, nor GI were associated with endometrial cancer risk.
Conclusions: We found no associations of ED, GL, or GI with endometrial cancer risk.
Impact: These results do not support an association between total dietary ED, GL, or GI and risk of postmenopausal endometrial cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(1); 113–5. ©2017 AACR.
Exploration of a Novel Intermediate Response Endpoint in Immunotherapy Clinical Studies
Authors: Gao Xin , Zhang Lijun , Sridhara Rajeshwari 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Both objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival as defined by RECIST are weakly associated with overall survival (OS) in trials evaluating immunotherapy drug products. We proposed a novel intermediate response endpoint (IME) for evaluating immunotherapies.
Experimental Design: We defined IME response as having no nontarget lesion progression, no new lesion appearance, and reaching a target lesion response determined by baseline tumor burden, tumor reduction depth, and tumor change dynamics within one year after randomization. Database used consisted of data from randomized active-controlled immunotherapy trials. Criterion for IME was developed on the basis of patient-level data from a training dataset, and further evaluated using an independent testing dataset. A patient-level responder analysis comparing OS between patients with and without an IME response was conducted using combined data. Association between trial-level OS hazard ratio (HR) and IME odds ratio (OR) was analyzed using a weighted linear regression model.
Results: A total of 5,806 patients from 9 randomized studies were included in the database. At patient level, patients with IME response had improved OS compared with nonresponders (HR = 0.09). At trial level, association between OS and IME was moderate (R2 = 0.68).
Conclusions: The IME was moderately associated with OS, and the association appeared to be stronger than the association observed between RECIST-defined ORR and OS. However, the analyses conducted in this research are exploratory and further evaluation is needed before using this endpoint in future studies. Clin Cancer Res; 24(10); 2262–7. ©2017 AACR.
Carotid Atheroma From Men Has Significantly Higher Levels of Inflammation and Iron Metabolism Enabled by Macrophages
Authors: Yuan Xi-Ming , Ward Liam J. , Forssell Claes , Siraj Nabeel , Li Wei 
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose—
Men differ from women in the manifestation of atherosclerosis and iron metabolism. Intraplaque hemorrhage and hemoglobin (Hb) catabolism by macrophages are associated with atherosclerotic lesion instability. The study aims were to investigate sex differences in (1) lesion severity in relation to blood Hb, (2) iron homeostasis in human carotid plaques, and (3) macrophage polarization within atheroma.

Methods—
The carotid artery samples from 39 men and 23 women were immunostained with cell markers for macrophages, smooth muscle cells, ferritin, and TfR1 (transferrin receptor 1), which were further analyzed according to sex in relation to iron, Hb, and lipids in circulation. Additionally, samples of predefined regions from human carotid atherosclerotic lesions, including internal controls, were used for proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry.

Results—
Male patients, compared with women, had larger necrotic cores and more plaque rupture, which were associated with higher levels of Hb. Atheroma of male patients had significantly higher levels of Hb in circulation and CD68 macrophages, ferritin, and TfR1 in lesions. CD68 macrophages were significantly correlated with ferritin and TfR1. Plaques from male patients comparatively possessed higher levels of inflammatory macrophage subsets, CD86 (M1) and CD163 (M2), but lower levels of STF (serotransferrin) and HPX (hemopexin).

Conclusions—
Male patients with carotid atheroma had more advanced and ruptured lesions associated with significantly higher levels of inflammatory macrophage infiltration and high iron stores in the blood and in their plaques. These findings help to understand sex differences and iron metabolism in atherosclerosis and factors related to atheroma progression.
Listening to pre-school children speak about health and health-promoting behaviours
Authors: Wiseman Nicola , Harris Neil , Lee Jessica 
Published: December 2017

Objective: As children become increasingly exposed to health information and education, it is important to understand how these messages affect the way children speak about health and health behaviours. Children are social agents and co-constructors of their social worlds. Exploring how pre-school children speak about health and health-promoting behaviours can help explain what children make of health messages and may help facilitate communication between children, parents and educators. Methods: Participants included 163 pre-school children aged 3–5 years attending childcare centres in South-East Queensland, Australia. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore how pre-school children speak about health and health behaviours. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Participant responses were structured as two categories. The first category was Meaning of Healthy. This category comprised four themes of eat your food ( n = 74 of 145, 51%), participating in activities ( n = 36, 24%), growing big and strong ( n = 20, 13%) and not being sick ( n = 15, 10%). The second category, How to be Healthy, comprised five themes including eat healthy food ( n = 86 of 150, 57%), reduce risk ( n = 31, 20%), treat illness ( n = 13, 8%), be well behaved ( n = 12, 8%) and do exercise ( n = 8, 5%). Conclusion: Findings highlighted the centrality of food in how children speak about health. In comparison to the discussion of food and the importance of eating healthy food, there was limited mention of physical activity by participants as a way to be healthy. The theme reduce risk emerged from participant responses and relates to the practice of safety behaviours to prevent injury and illness. Future research needs to determine whether the emphasis children place on risk minimisation is shaping how young children speak about health and how this interaction plays out in their health behaviour.
Clinical Excellence in Palliative Care: Examples From the Published Literature
Authors: Wu David Shih , Wright Scott M. 
Published: December 2017

Background: With the expansion of palliative care, the concept of clinical excellence is worthy of study and has not been described well in the literature. Objective: To apply the domains of clinical excellence, as proposed and published by the Miller Coulson Academy of Clinical Excellence, to the field of palliative care. Design: Review of the literature to identify episodes of superb palliative care delivered by individuals and teams. Measurement and Main Results: In reviewing 821 publications, we found multiple palliative care case reports to serve as exemplars for each of the distinct domains of clinical excellence. Conclusions: The domains of excellence are relevant and applicable to the field of palliative care. This article aims to inspire clinicians—and advance the field—by promoting thoughtful reflection on what clinical excellence in palliative care entails.
The Value of Motion: Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Are Correlated With Range of Motion in Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Dekker Travis J. , Hamid Kamran S. , Federer Andrew E. , Steele John R. , Easley Mark E. , Nunley James A. , Adams Samuel B. 
Published: December 2017

Background: The proposed benefit of total ankle replacement (TAR) over ankle fusion is preserved ankle motion, thus we hypothesized that an increase in range of motion (ROM) is positively correlated with validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in individuals receiving TAR. Methods: Patients undergoing TAR at a single academic medical center between 2007 and 2013 were evaluated in this study. In addition to a minimum of 2-year follow-up, complete preoperative and postoperative outcome measures for the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI), Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) Bother and Function Indices, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were requisite for inclusion. Standardized weightbearing maximum dorsiflexion and plantarflexion sagittal radiographs were obtained and previously described ankle and foot measurements were performed to determine ankle ROM. Results: Eighty-eight patients met inclusion criteria (33 INBONE, 18 Salto-Talaris, 37 STAR). Mean time to final ROM radiographs was 43.8 months (range 24-89 months). All aforementioned PROMs improved between preoperative evaluation and most recent follow-up (  P < .01). Final ankle ROM was significantly correlated with postoperative FADI, SF-36 Mental Component Summary (MCS), SMFA Bother and Function Indices, and VAS. Additionally, dorsiflexion was positively associated with FADI, SF-36 MCS, and SMFA Function (  P < .05) but plantarflexion had no such influence on outcomes. No differences were identified with subset stratification by prosthesis type, fixed versus mobile-bearing design or etiology. Conclusion: In this TAR cohort with prospectively collected outcomes data, radiographic sagittal plane ankle motion was positively correlated with multiple PROMs. Disease-specific and generic health-related quality of life PROMs demonstrated improvement postoperatively in all domains when evaluating final total range of motion. Patients who undergo TAR for end-stage osteoarthritis with improvement in ROM demonstrate a direct correlation with improved patient-centric metrics and outcome scores. Levels of Evidence: Level III: Retrospective comparative study
Interferon beta-1b in treatment-naïve paediatric patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: Two-year results from the BETAPAEDIC study
Authors: Gärtner Jutta , Brück Wolfgang , Weddige Almuth , Hummel Hannah , Norenberg Christiane , Bugge Jörg-Peter ,   for the BETAPAEDIC Study Group
Published: December 2017

Background and objective Study evaluating Betaferon(R)'s safety and tolerability in paediatric patients with multiple sclerosis (BETAPAEDIC) is a prospective, open-label observational multicentre study to assess the safety and effectiveness of interferon beta-1b in paediatric patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Methods Treatment-naïve patients (12–16 years) scheduled to start interferon beta-1b were enrolled with follow-up visits every six months for two years. Effectiveness was evaluated by annualised relapse rate, Expanded Disability Status Scale progression, cranial magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive testing. Fatigue was assessed by the Fatigue Severity Scale. Results Sixty-eight patients were screened and 67 enrolled, with mean (standard deviation) age 14.2 (1.3) years ( n=65 in the effectiveness analysis). Mean disease duration was 11 months before study enrolment; at baseline, mean (standard deviation) Expanded Disability Status Scale was 0.6 (1.0); T2 lesion number 18.3 (15.1). Mean annualised relapse rate during the study was 0.7 ( n=57), 28/57 patients (49.1%) had no relapses and for 40/52 (76.9%) no Expanded Disability Status Scale progression was observed; 23/56 (41.1%) were relapse- and progression-free to last follow-up. Neuropsychological test and fatigue scores were within normal ranges (baseline and last follow-up). Eighteen patients had fatigue at some point. New T2 and gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions were seen in 43/55 (66.2%) and 29/55 (52.7%) patients respectively. Most frequent adverse events were influenza-like illness, headache, injection-site reactions and elevated liver enzymes. Conclusion Interferon beta-1b is an effective treatment with a favourable safety profile for paediatric patients.