bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Genetic Analysis of the DARC Locus (Duffy) Reveals Adaptation from Standing Variation Associated with Malaria Resistance in Humans
Authors: McManus Kimberly F. , Taravella Angela , Henn Brenna , Bustamante Carlos D. , Sikora Martin , Cornejo Omar E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe human DARC (Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines) gene encodes a membrane-bound chemokine receptor crucial for the infection of red blood cells byPlasmodium vivax, a major causative agent of malaria. Of the three major allelic classes segregating in human populations, the FY*O allele has been shown to protect againstP. vivaxinfection and is near fixation in sub-Saharan Africa, while FY*B and FY*A are common in Europe and Asia, respectively. Due to the combination of its strong geographic differentiation and association with malaria resistance, DARC is considered a canonical example of a locus under positive selection in humans.Here, we use sequencing data from over 1,000 individuals in twenty-one human populations, as well as ancient human and great ape genomes, to analyze the fine scale population structure of DARC. We estimate the time to most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of the FY*O mutation to be 42 kya (95% CI: 34–49 kya). We infer the FY*O null mutation swept to fixation in Africa from standing variation with very low initial frequency (0.1%) and a selection coefficient of 0.043 (95% CI:0.011–0.18), which is among the strongest estimated in the genome. We estimate the TMRCAof the FY*A mutation to be 57 kya (95% CI: 48–65 kya) and infer that, prior to the sweep of FY*O, all three alleles were segregating in Africa, as highly diverged populations from Asia and ≠Khomani San hunter-gatherers share the same FY*A haplotypes. We test multiple models of admixture that may account for this observation and reject recent Asian or European admixture as the cause.Author SummaryInfectious diseases have undoubtedly played an important role in ancient and modern human history. Yet, there are relatively few regions of the genome involved in resistance to pathogens that have shown a strong selection signal. We revisit the evolutionary history of a gene associated with resistance to the most common malaria-causing parasite,Plasmodium vivax, and show that it is one of regions of the human genome that has been under strongest selective pressure in our evolutionary history (selection coefficient: 5%). Our results are consistent with a complex evolutionary history of the locus involving selection on a mutation that was at a very low frequency in the ancestral African population (standing variation) and a large differentiation between European, Asian and African populations.
Integrated Biomedical System
Authors: Ricke Darrell O. , Harper James , Shcherbina Anna , Chiu Nelson 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCapabilities for generating and storing large amounts of data relevant to individual health and performance are rapidly evolving and have the potential to accelerate progress toward quantitative and individualized understanding of many important issues in health and medicine. Recent advances in clinical and laboratory technologies provide increasingly complete and dynamic characterization of individual genomes, gene expression levels for genes, relative abundance of thousands of proteins, population levels for thousands of microbial species, quantitative imaging data, and more - all on the same individual. Personal and wearable electronic devices are increasingly enabling these same individuals to routinely and continuously capture vast amounts of quantitative data including activity, sleep, nutrition, environmental exposures, physiological signals, speech, and neurocognitive performance metrics at unprecedented temporal resolution and scales. While some of the companies offering these measurement technologies have begun to offer systems for integrating and displaying correlated individual data, these are either closed/proprietary platforms that provide limited access to sensor data or have limited scope that focus primarily on one data domain (e.g. steps/calories/activity, genetic data, etc.). The Integrated Biomedical System is being developed to demonstrate an adaptable open-source tool for reducing the burden associated with integrating heterogeneous genome, interactome, and exposome data from a constantly evolving landscape of biomedical data generating technologies. The Integrated Biomedical System provides a scalable and modular framework that can be extended to include support for numerous types of analyses and applications at scales ranging from personal users, communities and groups, to large populations.DisclaimerThis work is sponsored by the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research & Engineering under Air Force Contract #FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, recommendations and conclusions are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government.
Integration of Hormonal and Nutritional Cues Orchestrates Progressive Corolla Opening
Authors: Sun Chengzhen , Li Yanqiang , Zhao Wensheng , Song Xiaofei , Lu Man , Li Xiaoli , Li Xuexian , Liu Renyi , Yan Liying , Zhang Xiaolan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFlower opening is essential for pollination and thus successful sexual reproduction; however, the underlying mechanisms of its timing control remain largely elusive. We identify a unique cucumber (Cucumis sativus) line ‘6457’ that produces normal ovaries when nutrients are under-supplied, and super ovaries (87%) with delayed corolla opening when nutrients are oversupplied. Corolla opening in both normal and super ovaries is divided into four distinct phases, namely the green bud, green-yellow bud, yellow bud, and flowering stages, along with progressive color transition, cytological tuning, and differential expression of 14,282 genes. In the super ovary, cell division and cell expansion persisted for a significantly longer period of time; the expressions of genes related to photosynthesis, protein degradation, and signaling kinases were dramatically up-regulated, whereas the activities of most transcription factors and stress-related genes were significantly down-regulated; concentrations of cytokinins (CKs) and gibberellins were higher in accordance with reduced cytokinin conjugation and degradation and increased expression of gibberellin biosynthesis genes. Exogenous CK application was sufficient for the genesis of super ovaries, suggesting a decisive role of CKs in controlling the timing of corolla opening. Furthermore, 194 out of 11,127 differentially expressed genes identified in pairwise comparisons, including critical developmental, signaling, and cytological regulators, contained all three types of cis-elements for CK, nitrate, and phosphorus responses in their promoter regions, indicating that the integration of hormone modulation and nutritional regulation orchestrated the precise control of corolla opening in cucumber. Our findings provide a valuable framework for dissecting the regulatory pathways for flower opening in plants.
Advanced DC-link voltage regulation of fuel-cell electric vehicle
Authors: Rajabzadeh Mahdi , Bathaee Seyed Mohammad Taghi , Golkar M. A. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This paper investigates the DC-Link voltage regulation of fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) with hybrid power source (HPS). The HPS consists of fuel cell (FC) as the main source and ultracapacitor (UC) as the auxiliary source in order to compensate for the slow dynamics of FC in transient conditions. The system is a multiconverter structure which is comprised of a boost DC/DC converter and a buck-boost converter connecting FC and UC to DC-link respectively.

Design/methodology/approach
The FCEV is modeled dynamically, considering the nonlinear behavior of HPS and multiconverter system. This paper presents an advanced control approach based on the control Lyapunov function (CLF) to regulate the DC-link voltage and impeccable tracking of UC current to its references. The stability analysis of closed loop system is also insured.

Findings
The performance of proposed controller is illustrated via Simulink® using numerical simulations under European Extra Urban Driving Cycle (EUDC). The simulation results show that the presented method is both satisfactory and consistent with expectation.

Originality/value
The proposed control method is state of the art in FCEV and improves the energy management system.
Real-time simulation for performance evaluation of bidirectional quasi z-source inverter based medium voltage drives
Authors: Prasad H. , Maity T. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Purpose – This paper presents the performance of medium voltage induction motor drive fed through a bidirectional quasi z-source inverter (BQ-ZSI). By controlling the shoot-through duty ratio, BQ-ZSI is able to produce desired stable ac output voltage even during the situation of critical power supply variation. BQ-ZSI based drive has unique properties like boosting the output voltage during voltage sag, reducing harmonic distortion and improving the input power factor. Generally, adjustable speed drives (ASD) are interrupted due to voltage sag in input supply that causes manufacturing and commercial losses. Replacing the conventional converter with BQ-ZSI, it can eliminate those common operational constraints.

Design/methodology/approach
This purpose is validated through simulations using real-time digital simulator (RTDS). RTDS is based on FPGA that interfaces the digital and analog I/O ports of the external hardware device. The IGBT based BQ-ZSI closed loop induction motor drive is modelled in SIMULINK and analysed through state space averaging technique. The suitable controllers are assigned and implemented on FPGA. The performance of the whole system is executed by offline simulation and analysed in hardware-in-loop (HIL) real time simulator with fixed-time step. HIL simulation plays important role in design and development stage for BQ-ZSI based medium voltage drives where virtual plant is executed instead of physical plant.

Findings
Real-time simulation results show the performance of 225KW, 3.3KV induction motor for BQ-ZSI based motor drive under both steady state and dynamic conditions. The applied closed loop control method provides nearly zero steady state speed error at any operating frequency.

Originality/value
The application of BQ-ZSI is explored for medium voltage drive to solve the issues of power supply quality through the design of suitable control solution. Performance results presented in this paper can help in development of simple and low cost prototype controller for the drive.
Optimized sensor and sensorless control of PMSM modeled in discrete mode: a comparison of KH and PSO algorithms
Authors: Younesi Aria , kazemi yousef , Moradpour Arman , Tohidi Sajjad 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve dynamic performance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) field oriented control by means of optimizing its PI controller’s coefficients.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, Krill Herd (KH) optimization algorithm is proposed to optimize PI controller coefficients. Moreover, drive control system and steady state estimator are implemented in discrete mode. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, a comparison is carried out between KH and PSO algorithms. It is noteworthy that PSO algorithm has presented the best dynamic response among the studied approaches in literature.

Findings
By using the proposed optimization algorithm, the system tracks the reference speed with a very low error. In addition, the discrete mode simulations do not require initiating integrators. Moreover, it significantly increases the processing speed. The proposed approach is carried out in both sensor and sensorless drive systems. The simulation results indicate lower torque ripple, shorter settling time, lower overshoot, faster dynamic response and higher robustness against speed, torque and machine parameter changes.

Practical implications
The PI controller is extensively used in practical drive systems, due to its simple structure and implementation as well as its acceptable performance. On the other hand, PMSM benefits from high power density, high efficiency, low torque ripple, low inertia, and high performance in a wide speed range. This paper presents an efficient approach to optimize PI coefficients of the PMSM drive system.

Originality/value
This paper proposes a new algorithm (KH algorithm) to determine the coefficients of PI controllers in order to improve dynamic performance of the PMSM drive system.
A Hermite interpolation model for reconstructing the frequency spectrum of the lightning horizontal electric field
Authors: Zhang Boyuan , Zou Jun , Lee Jaebok , Mun-no Ju 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
A fast algorithm is proposed to calculate the lightning horizontal electric field over a lossy ground.

Design/methodology/approach
The lightning horizontal electric field in frequency domain is approximated by a number of piecewise cubic polynomial functions by using the proposed adaptive Hermite strategy. To utilize the Hermite strategy, the frequency domain spectrum and its derivative with respect to frequency are required. The integral kernel of the derivative appears singular along the real axis. To overcome this singularity and accelerate the calculation, a new integration path is proposed. With the help of the Hermite interpolation model and the new path, the lightning horizontal electric field in time domain can be obtained rapidly.

Findings
The singularity problem has been overcome with the new integration path and the adaptive Hermite strategy proposed in this paper is at least 50 times faster than the one using the equally spaced sampling approach.

Originality/value
The adaptive Hermite approach can be a good candidate for fitting a wideband frequency domain response and the revised new integration path can be utilized when the calculation of the generalized Sommerfeld integral (GSI) or its derivative with respect to frequency is involved.
Frequency diverse array radar for target range-angle estimation
Authors: Huang Ling , Li Xiang , Gong Peng-Cheng , He Zhiming He 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Frequency diverse array (FDA) radar with uniform frequency offset between antenna elements has been proposed and investigated, which exhibits a range-angle-dependent beampattern. Nevertheless, because of the coupling in range and angle responses, it cannot estimate directly both the range and angle information of a target.The purpose of this paper is to consider a sub-array scheme of range-angle joint estimation of a target for frequency diverse array (FDA) radar.

Design/methodology/approach
First, The entire array is divided into two sub-arrays, which employs two different frequency offsets. For aperture extension, each sub-array adopts difference co-array structure . Therefore, the targets range and angle can be estimated directly with the subspace-based multiple signal classification algorithms for the decoupling capability of distance and angle dimensional. The estimation performance is examined by analyzing the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Findings
Each sub-array adopts difference co-array structure to provide degrees of freedom by only physical sensors when the second-order statistics of the received data is used. And the sub-array is equivalent to two sets of equations to solve two unknown quantities, and the closed solution of the unknown quantity can be directly determined, which cannot be gained by the phase-array radar and basic ULA FDA radar. Finally, numerical simulation results verify the validity of the proposed method.

Originality/value
In this paper, we devise a subarray scheme on FDA radar for range and angle estimation. In order to aperture extension, difference co-array
is employed in each subarrays, and more targets can be distinguished than the physical sensors. The range and angle estimation performance is examined by analyzing the CRLB.
Shock filter based image super-resolution using dual-tree complex wavelet transform and singular value decomposition
Authors: gunnam suryanarayana , Dhuli Ravindra 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present an improved wavelet based approach in single image super resolution (SISR). The proposed method generates high resolution (HR) images by preserving the image contrast and edges simultaneously.

Design/methodology/approach
Covariance based interpolation algorithm is employed to obtain an initial estimate of the unknown HR image. The proposed method preserves the image contrast, by applying singular value decomposition (SVD) based correction on the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) coefficients. In addition, the dual operating mode diffusion based shock filter (DBSF) ensures noise mitigation and edge preservation.

Findings
Experimental results on various test images reveal superiority of the proposed method over the existing SISR techniques in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and visual quality.

Originality/value
With SVD based correction, the proposed method preserves the image contrast and also the DBSF operation helps to achieve sharper edges.
Mono and bi-Level optimization architectures for powertrain design
Authors: Caillard Pierre , Gillon Frederic , Randi Sid-Ali , Janiaud Noelle 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare two design optimization architectures for the optimal design of a complex device that integrates simultaneously the sizing of system components and the control strategy for increasing the energetic performances. The considered benchmark is a battery electric passenger car.

Design/methodology/approach
The optimal design of an electric vehicle powertrain is addressed within this paper, with regards to performances and range. The objectives and constraints require simulating several vehicle operating points, each of them has one degree of freedom for the electric machine control. This control is usually determined separately for each point with a sampling or an optimization loop resulting in an architecture called bi-level. In some conditions, the control variables can be transferred to the design optimization loop by suppressing the inner loop to get a mono-level formulation. The paper describes in which conditions this transformation can be done and compares the results for both architectures.

Findings
Results show a calculation time divided by more than 30 for the mono-level architecture compared to the natural bi-level on the study case. Even with the same models and optimization algorithms, the structure of the problem should be studied to improve the results, especially if computational cost is high.

Originality/value
The compared architectures bring new guidelines in the field optimal design for electric powertrains. The way to formulate a design optimization with some inner degrees of freedom can have a significant impact on computing time and on the problem understanding
Multiphysical approach including equivalent circuit models for the sizing by optimization
Authors: Baraston Arnaud , Gerbaud Laurent , Reinbold Vincent , Boussey Thomas , Wurtz Frédéric 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Multiphysical models are often useful for the design of electrical devices such as electrical machines. In this way, the modeling of thermal, magnetic and electrical phenomena by using an equivalent circuit approach is often used in sizing problems. The coupling of such models with other models is difficult to take into account, partly because it adds complexity to the process. The paper proposes an automatic modelling of thermal and magnetic aspects from an equivalent circuit approach, with its computation of gradients, using selectivity on the variables. Then, it discusses the coupling of various physical models, for the sizing by optimization algorithms. Sensibility analyses are discussed and the multiphysical approach is applied on a permanent magnet synchronous machine.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper allows one to describe thermal and magnetic models by equivalent circuits. Magnetic aspects are represented by reluctance networks and thermal aspects by thermal equivalent circuits. From circuit modelling and analytical equations, models are generated, coupled and translated into computational codes (Java, C), including the computation of their jacobians. To do so, model generators are used: CADES, Reluctool, Thermotool. The paper illustrates the modelling and automatic programming aspects with Thermotool. The generated codes are directly available for optimization algorithms. Then, the formulation of the coupling with other models is studied in the case of a multiphysical sizing by optimization of the Toyota PRIUS electrical motor.

Findings
A main specificity of the approach is the ability to easily deal with the selectivity of the inputs and outputs of the generated model according to the problem specifications, thus reducing drastically the size of the jacobian matrix and the computational complexity. Another specificity is the coupling of the models using analytical equations, possibly implicit equations.

Research limitations/implications
At the present time, the multiphysical modeling is considered only for static phenomena. However, this limit is not important for numerous sizing applications.

Originality/value
The analytical approach with the selectivity gives fast models, well-adapted for optimization. The use of model generators allows robust programming of the models and their jacobians. The automatic calculation of the gradients allows the use of determinist algorithms, such as SQP, well adapted to deal with numerous constraints.
Circuit realization method for reduced order inductive PEEC modeling circuits
Authors: Nguyen Trung-Son , Le Duc Tung , Tran Son Thanh , Guichon Jean-Michel , Chadebec Olivier 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
To synthesize equivalent circuit obtained from reduced order model of large scale inductive PEEC circuits.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper describes an original approach for reducing and synthesizing large parasitic RLM electrical circuits coming from inductive Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) models. The proposed technique enables the re-use of the reduced order model in the time domain circuit simulation context.

Findings
The paper shows how to use a synthesis method to realize an equivalent circuit issued from compressed PEEC circuits.

Originality/value
The coupling between methods PEEC and a compressed method as Fast Multipole Method (FMM) in order to reduce time and space consuming are well-known. The innovation here is to realise a smaller circuit equivalent with the original large scale PEEC circuits to use in temporal simulation tools. Moreover, this synthesis method reduces time and memories for modelling industrial application while maintaining high accuracy.
The industry champion approach to developing work-based learning
Authors: Overton Tina , Lemanski Tomasz 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of using industry champions (ICs) to inform curriculum development for work-based learning and to probe their perceptions of and attitudes towards work-based learning. The research took place as part of a project that ran from 2009 to 2012.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research adopted a grounded theoretical framework. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews.

Findings
– The ICs had positive attitudes towards work-based learning which did not change significantly throughout the timeframe of the project. Their involvement was very useful with respect to curriculum development but less so for marketing and recruitment of learners.

Research limitations/implications
– The participant pool was small.

Practical implications
– The involvement of ICs in curriculum design of work-based learning is effective.

Originality/value
– This industry champion model of curriculum development is novel and identifies an effective way for academia to design bespoke work-based learning activities.