bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of porosity on free vibration and limit analysis of power-law-based functionally graded disks
Authors: Madan Royal , Khobragade Pallavi , Bhowmick Shubhankar 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThis study aimed to analyze the free vibration of a radially graded Ni-Al2O3-based functionally graded (FG) disk with uniform thickness.Design/methodology/approachUsing the energy method, natural frequencies of rotating and non-rotating disks were determined at the limit elastic angular speed. Material properties were estimated using a modified rule of mixture. Both even and uneven porosity variation effects were considered in the material modeling. Finite element analysis validated the analytical approach.FindingsThe study explored limit angular speeds and natural frequencies across various grading indices, investigating the impact of porosity types and grading indices on these parameters.Practical implicationsInsights from this research are valuable for researchers and design engineers involved in modeling and fabricating porous FG disks, aiding in more effective design and manufacturing processes.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive analysis of free vibration behavior in radially graded Ni-Al2O3-based FG disks. The incorporation of material modeling considering both even and uneven porosity variation adds originality to the research. Additionally, the validation through finite element analysis enhances the credibility of the findings.
The effect of cold plasma treatment on the fruit quality and aroma components of winter jujubes (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ‘Dongzao’)
Authors: Jia Sitong , Zheng Pufan , Li Mo , Chen Cunkun , Li Xiaoxue , Zhang Na , Ji Haipeng , Yu Jinze , Dong Chenghu , Liang Liya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCold plasma (CP) is a novel environmental‐friendly preservation technology that causes minimal damage to fruits. The flavor and quality of winter jujubes have decreased with the extended storage time. Currently, the research on the use of CP on winter jujubes (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ‘Dongzao’) mainly focuses on the effect of the treatment on storage quality. There is limited research on the effect of CP treatment on the flavor of winter jujubes. This study used different CP (80 kV) treatment durations (0, 5, and 10 min) to treat winter jujubes. The appropriate treatment time was selected by observing the changes in color, respiratory intensity, soluble sugar content, total acid content, and vitamin C (VC) content of winter jujubes. Amino acid analyzer and headspace solid‐phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection were used to analyze the effect of CP treatment on the flavor compounds of winter jujubes. The results showed that the 5‐min CP treatment could significantly slow down the red coloration of winter jujube while maintaining high soluble sugar, total acid, and VC content. At the respiration peak, the respiratory intensity of the 5‐min CP treatment group was 0.74 mg CO2·kg−1·h−1 lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). CP treatment slowed down the decrease in the content of amino acids and volatile organic compounds (such as 2‐methyl‐4‐pentenal, 2‐hexenal, and 3‐hexenal) in winter jujubes. This study will provide basic data for applying CP preservation technology in postharvest winter jujubes.
Dual Control of Macrolithotype and Coal Structure on the Pore Parameters of Middle Jurassic Coals in the Southern Junggar Basin, NW China
Authors: HOU Haihai , LIANG Guodong , SHAO Longyi , TANG Yue , YAN Zhifeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCoal pore parameters are closely related to macrolithotypes and coal structures, having a large influence over the gas potential and productivity of coalbed methane (CBM). The Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation, located in the southern Junggar Basin of northwestern China, has geological conditions with rich CBM resources. The 46 Xishanyao coal samples gathered from the drilling cores and coal mines cover 4 types of macrolithotypes (bright coal 1, semi‐bright coal 2, semi‐dull coal 3, and dull coal 4) and 2 types of coal structures (primary coal I and cataclastic coal II). Based on a range of pore testing experiments and analytical methods, the dual effects of different macrolithotypes and coal structures on pore structures were intensely studied. The results showed that the specific surface area (SSA) and total pore volume (TPV) of coal samples increased gradually from bright to dull coals. For the same macrolithotypes, the SSA and TPV of the primary coals were lower than those of the cataclastic coals. Generally, the pore structures of bright and semi‐bright coals are simpler when compared to semi‐dull and dull coals with the same coal structure, whereas cataclastic coals have more complicated pore structure systems than primary coals with the same macrolithotypes. The bright and semi‐bright coals have higher vitrinite contents and more endogenous fractures, whereas well‐developed structural fractures were identified in cataclastic coals. Therefore, bright and semi‐bright coals have better pore connectivity than semi‐dull and dull coals with the same coal structure, the pore connectivity of cataclastic coals being slightly better than that of primary coals under the same macrolithotypes. In terms of the CBM adsorption conditions, the eight type samples formed a descending order: II‐4 > I‐4 > II‐3 > I‐3 > II‐2 > I‐2 > II‐1 > I‐1, while they ranked as follows when consideration was given to the CBM seepage capacities: II‐2 > II‐1 > I‐2 > I‐1 > I‐3 > I‐4 > II‐3 > II‐4. As a result, it could be determined that the bright and semi‐bright coals had stronger adsorption capacities, whereas the cataclastic coals had better pore connectivity and seepage capacities. Pore structure characteristics should be analysed under the dual control of different macrolithotypes and coal structures, so that they can provide greater value for guiding CBM exploration and exploitation, as along for preventing underground gas accidents.
Introducing a unique animal ID and digital life history museum for wildlife metadata
Authors: Wikelski Martin , Quetting Michael , Bates John , Berger‐Wolf Tanya , Bohrer Gil , Börger Luca , Chapple Taylor , Crofoot Margaret C. , Davidson Sarah C. , Dechmann Dina K. N. , Ellis‐Soto Diego , Ellwood Elizabeth R. , Fiedler Wolfgang , Flack Andrea , Fruth Barbara , Franconi Novella , Havmøller Rasmus Worsøe , Hirt Julian , Hussey Nigel E. , Iannarilli Fabiola , Landwehr Matthias , Müller Maximilian E. , Mueller Thomas , Mueller Uschi , Oliver Ruth Y. , Partecke Jesko , Pokrovsky Ivan , Pokrovskaya Liya , Rubenstein Dustin R. , Rutz Christian , Safi Kamran , Santangeli Andrea , van Schalkwyk O. Louis , Sequeira Ana M. M. , Sherub Sherub , Ramesh Tharmalingam , Viljoen Pauli , Wasik Kaja A. , Wild Timm A. , Yanco Scott , Kays Roland 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Over the past five decades, a large number of wild animals have been individually identified by various observation systems and/or temporary tracking methods, providing unparalleled insights into their lives over both time and space. However, so far there is no comprehensive record of uniquely individually identified animals nor where their data and metadata are stored, for example photos, physiological and genetic samples, disease screens, information on social relationships.

Databases currently do not offer unique identifiers for living, individual wild animals, similar to the permanent ID labelling for deceased museum specimens.

To address this problem, we introduce two new concepts: (1) a globally unique animal ID (UAID) available to define uniquely and individually identified animals archived in any database, including metadata archived at the time of publication; and (2) the digital ‘home’ for UAIDs, the Movebank Life History Museum (MoMu), storing and linking metadata, media, communications and other files associated with animals individually identified in the wild. MoMu will ensure that metadata are available for future generations, allowing permanent linkages to information in other databases.

MoMu allows researchers to collect and store photos, behavioural records, genome data and/or resightings of UAIDed animals, encompassing information not easily included in structured datasets supported by existing databases. Metadata is uploaded through the Animal Tracker app, the MoMu website, by email from registered users or through an Application Programming Interface (API) from any database. Initially, records can be stored in a temporary folder similar to a field drawer, as naturalists routinely do. Later, researchers and specialists can curate these materials for individual animals, manage the secure sharing of sensitive information and, where appropriate, publish individual life histories with DOIs. The storage of such synthesized lifetime stories of wild animals under a UAID (unique identifier or ‘animal passport’) will support basic science, conservation efforts and public participation.
Serious adverse events reporting in recent randomised clinical trials in intensive care medicine – A methodological study protocol
Authors: Jensen Marie Qvist , Munch Marie Warrer , Granholm Anders , Møller Morten Hylander , Bahrenkova Marina , Perner Anders 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSerious adverse events (SAEs) are common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Reporting of SAEs in randomised clinical trials (RCTs) varies why underreporting is likely. We aim to describe the reporting of SAEs from 2020 onwards and to illustrate the recent reporting of SAEs published in major medical journals.MethodsWe will conduct a methodological study assessing pharmacological interventions in RCTs including adult ICU patients. We will search 10 general medical and critical care journals in PubMed. We will include all RCTs published from 2020 onwards. The primary research question is how many RCTs report SAEs in the primary publication. Secondary research questions include how SAEs are reported in the primary publication either as (1) proportion of patients experiencing one or more SAE, (2) all single events occurred, or (3) both strategies combined. We will assess the association between the proportion of patients with reported SAEs and the following trial characteristics: multicentred versus single‐centre RCTs, industry‐sponsored versus academic‐sponsored, published trial protocol versus unpublished work, blinding, trials sample size, and RCTs focusing on COVID‐19 patients versus other populations.DiscussionThe outlined methodological study will provide important information on the reporting of SAEs in recent drug trials in adult ICU patients.
Opossums as opportunistic visitors of chiropterophilous flowers: Interaction between Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia) and Hymenaea cangaceira (Fabaceae)
Authors: Domingos‐Melo Arthur , Albuquerque‐Lima Sinzinando , Machado Isabel C. , Milet‐Pinheiro Paulo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBat‐pollinated plants feature open flowers, facilitating easy access to their abundant nectar for various animal groups. The Caatinga, a Brazilian Seasonally Tropical Dry Forest, stands out globally as a hotspot for bat‐pollinated plants. This study presents the first documentation of the opossum Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia) engaging in the consumption of nectar on flowers of Hymenaea cangaceira (Fabaceae), a bat‐pollinated tree species within the Caatinga. The observation spanned five nights and occurred unexpectedly during an experiment involving bagged flowers to assess nectar dynamics. Initially, torn bags were discovered containing flowers, which nectar had been consumed. Subsequent nights revealed the opossum actively exploring bagged flowers, likely guided by the fragrant nectar of H. cangaceira, and unmanipulated flowers located in the canopy's upper reaches. Given the opossum's contact with reproductive structures during these visits, it emerges as a potential pollinator. Following this observation, a comprehensive literature review on Didelphis interactions with other plants was conducted, leading to the construction of a meta network. This network unequivocally illustrates that the majority of plants visited by Didelphis indeed have bats as their primary pollinators. Owing to the nocturnal, arboreal and stealthy nature of opossums, documenting their interactions with flowers proves highly challenging. Consequently, our record highlights significant knowledge gaps in comprehending the interplay between opossums and chiropterophilous flowers. These gaps include the under‐sampling of this process in the Caatinga, the role of olfactory signalling and the broader consequences of this unique interaction.
Establishment of a prediction model of pulmonary artery hypertension in patients with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Yan Tianhui , Ma Qiang , Li Xin , Shen Qing , Liu Xiuxiu , Zhang Xia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to assess the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)/PASP ratio as a potential indicator for predicting the probability of developing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in hyperthyroidism patients. A nomogram model will be developed based on our findings, as well as the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.MethodsThe study involved 166 hyperthyroid patients treated at Yijishan Hospital, and the period covered August 2021 to August 2022. Patients were divided into two groups according to pulmonary artery systolic pressure ≥35 mmHg. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed on the two groups' demographic and laboratory data to identify potential diagnostic markers. These parameters were evaluated using ROC curves to determine their precision in forecasting PAH. The findings were validated by plotting a calibration curve based on a line chart model.ResultsIn the study, eventually, 80 patients were enrolled: 30 in the PAH group and 50 in the No PAH group. Multipleistic regression analysis predicted the occurrence risk of developing PAH. When paired with other conventional echocardiographic parameters (such as TAPSE, MPI, and SV) and serological markers (such as FT3 and FT4), the developed model demonstrated outstanding predictive performance with an area under the ROC curve of 0.985, a Youden index of 0.971, a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 97.1%.ConclusionsThe nomogram model constructed by combining the TAPSE/PASP ratio with FT3 and FT4 serum markers, as well as conventional ultrasound parameters SV and MPI in hyperthyroidism patients, demonstrates robust discriminatory ability and consistency.
Rural general surgical provision from the perspective of twenty‐two rural general surgeons: a thematic analysis
Authors: Paynter Jessica A. , Qin Kirby R. , Hunter‐Smith David , Brennan Janelle , Rozen Warren 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAustralia continues to suffer from a geographical maldistribution of general surgical services with only 20% of general surgeons working rurally despite 29% of Australia's population residing outside major metropolitan centres. This qualitative study explored the impact of human capacity and infrastructure upon rural general surgery provision.MethodsThis qualitative study employed semi‐structured interviews of rural general surgeons. Participants were recruited via the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) Rural newsletter and purposive sampling. All interviews were conducted between January 2023 and April 2023. Transcripts were transcribed, de‐identified, and thematically analysed.ResultsTwo female and 20 male rural general surgeons were interviewed from seven of the eight Australian State or Territories. Four main themes were identified which reflected the impact of human capacity and infrastructure upon Australian rural general surgery provision: (1) small hospital syndrome – and the impact, (2) the rural general surgeon identity, (3) infrastructure and disempowerment and (4) over‐reliance on visiting surgeons.ConclusionImproving access to equitable general surgical care for rural Australians requires appropriate infrastructure and a well‐trained, sustainable multidisciplinary surgical team (human capacity). A greater understanding of the issues may help drive rational, long‐term supportive solutions.
Harnessing the power of child development records to detect early neurodevelopmental disorders using Bayesian analysis
Authors: Hatakenaka Yuhei , Hachiya Koutaro , Åsberg Johnels Jakob , Gillberg Christopher 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimThis study aims to analyse the developmental data from public health nurses (PHNs) to identify early indicators of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in young children using Bayesian network (BN) analysis to determine factor combinations that improve diagnosis accuracy.MethodsThe study cohort was 501 children who underwent health checkups at 18 and 36‐month. Data included demographics, pregnancy, delivery, neonatal factors, maternal interviews, and physical and neurological findings. Diagnoses were made by paediatricians and child psychiatrists using standardised tools. Predictive accuracy was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsWe identified several infant/toddler factors significantly associated with NDD diagnoses. Predictive factors included meconium‐stained amniotic fluid, 1 min Apgar score, and early developmental milestones. ROC curve analysis showed varying predictive accuracies based on evaluation timing. The 10‐month checkup was valid for screening but less reliable for excluding low‐risk cases. The 18‐month evaluation accurately identified children at NDD risk.ConclusionThe study demonstrates the potential of using developmental records for early NDD detection, emphasising early monitoring and intervention for at‐risk children. These findings could guide future infant mental health initiatives in the community.
Delaying post‐exercise carbohydrate intake impairs next‐day exercise capacity but not muscle glycogen or molecular responses
Authors: Díaz‐Lara Javier , Reisman Elizabeth , Botella Javier , Probert Bianka , Burke Louise M. , Bishop David J. , Lee Matthew J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate how delayed post‐exercise carbohydrate intake affects muscle glycogen, metabolic‐ and mitochondrial‐related molecular responses, and subsequent high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE) capacity.MethodsIn a double‐blind cross‐over design, nine recreationally active men performed HIIE (10 × 2‐min cycling, ~94% W˙peak) in the fed state, on two occasions. During 0–3 h post‐HIIE, participants drank either carbohydrates (“Immediate Carbohydrate” [IC], providing 2.4 g/kg) or water (“Delayed Carbohydrate” [DC]); total carbohydrate intake over 24 h post‐HIIE was matched (~7 g/kg/d). Skeletal muscle (sampled pre‐HIIE, post‐HIIE, +3 h, +8 h, +24 h) was analyzed for whole‐muscle glycogen and mRNA content, plus signaling proteins in cytoplasmic‐ and nuclear‐enriched fractions. After 24 h, participants repeated the HIIE protocol until failure, to test subsequent HIIE capacity; blood lactate, heart rate, and ratings of perceived effort (RPE) were measured throughout.ResultsMuscle glycogen concentrations, and relative changes, were similar between conditions throughout (p > 0.05). Muscle glycogen was reduced from baseline (mean ± SD mmol/kg dm; IC: 409 ± 166; DC: 352 ± 76) at post‐HIIE (IC: 253 ± 96; DC: 214 ± 82), +3 h (IC: 276 ± 62; DC: 269 ± 116) and + 8 h (IC: 321 ± 56; DC: 269 ± 116), returning to near‐baseline by +24 h. Several genes (PGC‐1ɑ, p53) and proteins (p‐ACCSer79, p‐P38 MAPKThr180/Tyr182) elicited typical exercise‐induced changes irrespective of condition. Delaying carbohydrate intake reduced next‐day HIIE capacity (5 ± 3 intervals) and increased RPE (~2 ratings), despite similar physiological responses between conditions.ConclusionMolecular responses to HIIE (performed in the fed state) were not enhanced by delayed post‐exercise carbohydrate intake. Our findings support immediate post‐exercise refueling if the goal is to maximize next‐day HIIE capacity and recovery time is ≤24 h.
Maternal physical activity in healthy pregnancy: Effect on fetal oxygen supply
Authors: van Poppel Mireille N. M. , Kruse Annika , Carter Anthony M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimWe review evidence for effects of physical activity before and during gestation on the course of pregnancy and ask if there are circumstances where physical activity can stress the fetus due to competition for oxygen and energy substrates.ResultsWe first summarize physiological responses to exercise in nonpregnant people and known physiological adaptations to pregnancy. Comparing the two, we conclude that physical activity prior to and continuing during gestation is beneficial to pregnancy outcome. The effect of starting an exercise regimen during pregnancy is less easy to assess as few studies have been undertaken. Results from animal models suggest that the effects of maternal exercise on the fetus are transient; the fetus can readily compensate for a short‐term reduction in oxygen supply.ConclusionIn general, we conclude that physical activity before and during pregnancy is beneficial, and exercise started during pregnancy is unlikely to affect fetal development. We caution, however, that there are circumstances where this may not apply. They include the intensive exercise regimens of elite athletes and pregnancies at high altitudes where hypoxia occurs even in the resting state.
Subordinates' perceptions of the need‐supportive, need‐thwarting, and need‐indifferent behaviors used by their supervisors: A person‐centered investigation
Authors: Huyghebaert‐Zouaghi Tiphaine , Morin Alexandre J. S. , Ntoumanis Nikos , Thomas Jérémy , Gillet Nicolas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdopting a recent tripartite operationalization of subordinates' perceptions of their supervisors' behaviors, anchored in self‐determination theory (SDT), this person‐centered study considers the co‐existence of subordinates' perceptions of their supervisors' need‐supportive, need‐thwarting, and need‐indifferent behaviors. Moreover, we also consider how these various combinations (or profiles) of perceived supervisor behaviors relate to subordinates' levels of work motivation, well‐being, attitudes, behaviors, and work–home functioning. A sample of 596 French employees (Mage = 31.22; 73.5% women) participated in this study. Our results revealed six profiles of subordinates characterized by distinct configurations of perceived need‐related behaviors from supervisors (globally unfavorable, globally favorable and supportive, moderate‐indifferent, moderately favorable and involved, moderately unfavorable, and moderately favorable). Consistent with our expectations, these profiles displayed well‐differentiated patterns of associations with all of the outcomes considered in this study. These findings underscored the key role of subordinates' specific perceptions of need‐supportive, need‐thwarting, and need‐indifferent behaviors, over and above their global perceptions of their supervisors' behaviors, in determining how beneficial or harmful supervisory profiles are. In particular, our results also highlighted the critical role played by need‐indifferent behaviors, which prove to be a very important, and yet typically neglected, component of subordinates' perceptions of their supervisors' behaviors.
Hedging mortality risk over the life‐cycle—The role of information and borrowing constraints
Authors: Andersen Torben M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMany pension schemes offer annuities pooling mortality risk across members. Such pooling has been criticized for having a regressive bias benefitting risk classes with the longest expected longevity. However, knowledge on mortality risk unfolds over the life‐course, and it is optimal for risk averse households to annuitize all old‐age consumption already as young buying pooled contracts, even if fair annuities are available later in life or risk class is private information. Borrowing constraints impair such frontloading but are lessened by a mandated pooled annuity targeting the middle‐aged, improving welfare for all risk classes and the first‐best allocation may be implementable.