bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrocephalus secondary to obstruction of the lateral apertures in two dogs
Authors: Kent M , Glass EN , Haley AC , Shaikh LS , Sequel M , Blas‐Machado U , Bishop TM , Holmes SP , Platt SR 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundTraditionally, hydrocephalus is divided into communicating or non‐communicating (obstructive) based on the identification of a blockage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through the ventricular system. Hydrocephalus ex vacuo refers to ventricular enlargement as a consequence of neuroparenchymal loss. Hydrocephalus related to obstruction of the lateral apertures of the fourth ventricles has rarely been described.Case reportThe clinicopathologic findings in two dogs with hydrocephalus secondary to obstruction of the lateral apertures of the fourth ventricle are reported. Signs were associated with a caudal cervical spinal cord lesion in one dog and a caudal brain stem lesion in the other dog. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed dilation of the ventricular system, including the lateral recesses of the fourth ventricle. In one dog, postmortem ventriculography confirmed obstruction of the lateral apertures. Microscopic changes were identified in the choroid plexus in both dogs, yet a definitive cause of the obstructions was not identified. The MRI findings in both dogs are similar to membranous occlusion of the lateral and median apertures in human patients.Conclusion
MRI detection of dilation of the entire ventricular system in the absence of an identifiable cause should prompt consideration of an obstruction of the lateral apertures. In future cases, therapeutic interventions aimed at re‐establishing CSF flow or ventriculoperitoneal catheterisation should be considered.
Aesthetic Rating and Color Suggestion for Color Palettes
Authors: Kita N. , Miyata K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA model to rate color combinations that considers human aesthetic preferences is proposed. The proposed method does not assume that a color palette has a specific number of colors, i.e., input is not restricted to a two‐, three‐, or five‐color palettes. We extract features from a color palette whose size does not depend on the number of colors in the palette. The proposed rating prediction model is trained using a human color preference dataset. The model allows a user to extend a color palette, e.g., from three colors to five or seven colors, while retaining color harmony. In addition, we present a color search scheme for a given palette and a customized version of the proposed model for a specific color tone. We demonstrate that the proposed model can also be applied to various palette‐based applications.
3D Body Shapes Estimation from Dressed‐Human Silhouettes
Authors: Song Dan , Tong Ruofeng , Chang Jian , Yang Xiaosong , Tang Min , Zhang Jian Jun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEstimation of 3D body shapes from dressed‐human photos is an important but challenging problem in virtual fitting. We propose a novel automatic framework to efficiently estimate 3D body shapes under clothes. We construct a database of 3D naked and dressed body pairs, based on which we learn how to predict 3D positions of body landmarks (which further constrain a parametric human body model) automatically according to dressed‐human silhouettes. Critical vertices are selected on 3D registered human bodies as landmarks to represent body shapes, so as to avoid the time‐consuming vertices correspondences finding process for parametric body reconstruction. Our method can estimate 3D body shapes from dressed‐human silhouettes within 4 seconds, while the fastest method reported previously need 1 minute. In addition, our estimation error is within the size tolerance for clothing industry. We dress 6042 naked bodies with 3 sets of common clothes by physically based cloth simulation technique. To the best of our knowledge, We are the first to construct such a database containing 3D naked and dressed body pairs and our database may contribute to the areas of human body shapes estimation and cloth simulation.
The association of haemophilic arthropathy with Health‐Related Quality of Life: apost hocanalysis
Authors: Fischer K. , de Kleijn P. , Negrier C. , Mauser‐Bunschoten E. P. , van der Valk P. R. , van Galen K. P. M. , Willemze A. , Schutgens R. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThe aim of replacement therapy in haemophilia is to improve Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) by preventing bleeding and arthropathy. However, the association of arthropathy with HRQoL is unknown.AimTo explore the association of haemophilic arthropathy with HRQoL.MethodsApost hocanalysis on patients with severe/moderate haemophilia with SF36 questionnaire (SF36) and X‐rays of ankles, knees and elbows made within 2.5‐years. The SF36 scores of ‘physical functioning’ (SF36‐PF, range 0–100, optimum 100) and Utility (SF6D‐Utility, range 0–1, optimum 1) and radiological Pettersson scores (PS, range 0–78, optimum 0) were calculated. The association of PS with reduced SF6D‐Utility and SF36‐PF (<age‐specific normal values) was analysed using ROC analyses and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 176 assessments were analysed: 130 from the Van Creveldkliniek and 46 from a French multicenter study. Most patients had severe haemophilia (89.9%), evaluated at 26.6 years, and with a range 15.7–65.8. Overall PS median (interquartile range) was 16 (7–34), SF6D‐Utility was 0.76 (0.64–0.86) and SF36‐PF was 85 (60–95).Receiver operating curve analysis identified a threshold PS of 21 points for both SF6D‐Utility (AUC 0.65) and SF36‐PF (AUC 0.76). In patients with PS > 21 points, the risk of reduced SF6D‐Utility was stable (OR 4.16; 95% CI: 2.03–8.51) but SF36‐PF continued to decrease: compared to lowest PS, OR for reduced SF36‐PF was 5.69 (95% CI: 1.62–20.06) for PS 22–39 and 25.15 (95% CI: 6.53–96.81) for PS 40–78.ConclusionHealth‐Related Quality of Life only showed a significant deterioration in patients with a Pettersson score of >21 points. This suggests that HRQoL is relatively insensitive to early joint changes.
A prospective diagnostic accuracy study evaluating rotational thromboelastometry and thromboelastography in 100 patients with von Willebrand disease
Authors: Schmidt D. E. , Majeed A. , Bruzelius M. , Odeberg J. , Holmström M. , Ågren A. 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionRotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) and thromboelastography (TEG®) are increasingly used in the perioperative and emergency assessment of bleeding tendencies. The diagnostic value ofROTEMandTEGfor von Willebrand disease (VWD) remains to be established.AimTo investigate whetherROTEMandTEGcan discriminate patients withVWDfrom healthy controls.MethodsRotational thromboelastometry andTEGwhole blood coagulation profiles were compared betweenVWDpatients (n= 100) and healthy controls (n= 89). Measures of diagnostic accuracy were calculated, including sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsProlongedTEGR‐time had a positive and negative predictive value (PPV,NPV) of 0.84 and 0.68 respectively.TEGclotting index (CI) had aPPVof 1.00 and anNPVof 0.60. Both R‐time andCIhad a high specificity and accurately discriminatedVWDpatients from healthy controls, with anROCarea under the curve of 0.85 and 0.99 respectively. In multivariate analysis, lowFVIIIlevels, but not von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen or activity, determined hypocoagulableTEGR (R2= 0.35) andCIlevels (R2= 0.51). TheROTEMcoagulation profiles ofVWDpatients did not differ from healthy controls.ConclusionsThromboelastography R andCIaccurately discriminatedVWDpatients from healthy controls, partly through the detection of lowFVIIIlevels. The test's performance may be improved through adjustment of the test thresholds to a local reference population. Both intrinsic pathway‐activated (INTEM) and tissue factor pathway‐activated (EXTEM)ROTEMwere of limited diagnostic value inVWD.
Tannin fraction from Ampelopsis grossedentata leaves tea (Tengcha) as an antioxidant and α‐glucosidase inhibitory nutraceutical
Authors: Geng Sheng , Chen Yongsheng , Abbasi Arshad Mehmood , Ma Hanjun , Mo Haizhen , Liu Benguo 
Published: October 2016

SummaryLeaf of Ampelopsis grossedentata is a new resource of functional foods with healthful properties. Antioxidant and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities of water extract (made in the style of drinking), tannin fraction (TF) and dihydromyricetin (DMY) from A. grossedentata leaves were evaluated. The main component of TF was identified as gallotannins. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing power of TF were superior to those of water extract, however, inferior to those of DMY. In no PBS wash protocol of cellular antioxidant activity assay, DMY and TF exhibited similarly, while in PBS wash protocol, the value of TF was higher than that of DMY. In addition, TF possessed the highest α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC50 = 1.94 μg mL−1), followed by water extract (IC50 = 23.10 μg mL−1) and DMY (IC50 = 72.21 μg mL−1). The strong α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of TF may attribute to the binding capacity to enzymes, as confirmed by fluorescence analysis.
Qualitative exploration of stakeholders’ perspectives of involuntary admission under the Mental Health Act 2001 in Ireland
Authors: Smyth Siobhán , Casey Dympna , Cooney Adeline , Higgins Agnes , McGuinness David , Bainbridge Emma , Keys Mary , Georgieva Irina , Brosnan Liz , Beecher Claire , Hallahan Brian , McDonald Colm , Murphy Kathy 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThere is international interest in, and continued concern about, the potential long‐term impact of involuntary admission to psychiatric institutions, and the effect this coercive action has on a person's well‐being and human rights. Involuntary detention in hospital remains a controversial process that involves stakeholders with competing concerns and who often describe negative experiences of the process, which can have long‐lasting effects on the therapeutic relationship with service users. The aim of the present study was to explore the perspectives of key stakeholders involved in the involuntary admission and detention of people under the Mental Health Act 2001 in Ireland. Focus groups were used to collect data. Stakeholders interviewed were service users, relatives, general practitioners, psychiatrists, mental health nurses, solicitors, tribunal members, and police. Data were analysed using a general inductive approach. Three key categories emerged: (i) getting help; (ii) detention under the Act; and (iii) experiences of the tribunal process. This research highlights gaps in information and uncertainty about the involuntary admission process for stakeholders, but particularly for service users who are most affected by inadequate processes and supports. Mental health law has traditionally focussed on narrower areas of detention and treatment, but human rights law requires a greater refocussing on supporting service users to ensure a truly voluntary approach to care. The recent human rights treaty, the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, is to guarantee a broad range of fundamental rights, such as liberty and integrity, which can be affected by coercive processes of involuntary admission and treatment.
The temperature dependence of the relative grain‐boundary energy of yttria‐doped alumina
Authors: Kelly Madeleine N. , Bojarski Stephanie A. , Rohrer Gregory S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAtomic force microscopy was used to measure the dimensions of grain‐boundary thermal grooves on the surfaces of Al2O3, 100 ppm Y‐doped Al2O3, and 500 ppm Y‐doped Al2O3 ceramics heated at temperatures between 1350°C and 1650°C. The measurements were used to estimate the relative grain‐boundary energies as a function of temperature. The relative grain‐boundary energies of Al2O3 decrease slightly with increased temperature. When the doped samples were heated, there was an overall increase in the grain‐boundary energy, attributed to a reduction in the grain boundary excess at higher temperature. The overall trend of increasing grain‐boundary energy was interrupted by abrupt reductions in grain‐boundary energy between 1450°C and 1550°C. In the same temperature range, there is an abrupt increase in the grain‐boundary mobility that is associated with a complexion transition. When the 100 ppm Y‐doped sample was cooled, there was a corresponding increase in the relative grain‐boundary energy at the same complexion transition temperature, indicating that the transition is reversible.
Music therapy for children and adolescents with behavioural and emotional problems: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Porter Sam , McConnell Tracey , McLaughlin Katrina , Lynn Fiona , Cardwell Christopher , Braiden Hannah‐Jane , Boylan Jackie , Holmes Valerie ,   the Music in Mind Study Group
Published: October 2016

BackgroundAlthough music therapy (MT) is considered an effective intervention for young people with mental health needs, its efficacy in clinical settings is unclear. We therefore examined the efficacy of MT in clinical practice.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty‐one child (8–16 years, with social, emotional, behavioural and developmental difficulties) and parent dyads from six Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service community care facilities in Northern Ireland were randomised to 12 weekly sessions of MT plus usual care [n = 123; 76 in final analyses] or usual care alone [n = 128; 105 in final analyses]. Follow‐up occurred at 13 weeks and 26 weeks postrandomisation. Primary outcome was improvement in communication (Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales) (SSIS) at 13 weeks. Secondary outcomes included social functioning, self‐esteem, depression and family functioning.ResultsThere was no significant difference for the child SSIS at week 13 (adjusted difference in mean 2.4; 95% CI −1.2 to 6.1; p = .19) or for the guardian SSIS (0.5; 95% CI −2.9 to 3.8; p = .78). However, for participants aged 13 and over in the intervention group, the child SSIS communication was significantly improved (6.1, 95% CI 1.6 to 10.5; p = .007) but not the guardian SSIS (1.1; 95% CI −2.9 to 5.2; p = .59). Overall, self‐esteem was significantly improved and depression scores were significantly lower at week 13. There was no significant difference in family or social functioning at week 13.ConclusionsWhile the findings provide some evidence for the integration of music therapy into clinical practice, differences relating to subgroups and secondary outcomes indicate the need for further study. ISRCTN Register; ISRCTN96352204.
Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1: A pairwise meta‐analysis
Authors: Ferreira Vinicius L , Assis Jarek Nayara A , Tonin Fernanda S , Borba Helena H L , Wiens Astrid , Muzzillo Dominique A , Pontarolo Roberto 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground and AimLedipasvir with sofosbuvir (LED/SOF) for the treatment of patients infected with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus can be used with or without ribavirin (RBV). RBV is well known to promote significant adverse events (AE). The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with LED/SOF, with or without RBV, in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1.MethodsWe performed a systematic review followed by a pairwise meta‐analysis including randomized controlled trials that reported efficacy (rapid virological response, sustained virological response at 4 and 12 weeks post‐treatment (SVR4 and 12), and viral relapse) and safety outcomes (any AE, serious AE, discontinuation owing to AE, anemia, and rash). It was performed a subgroup analysis evaluating the SVR12 including only cirrhotic patients. Results were reported as risk ratios (RR) and with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsSeven randomized controlled trials were analyzed. LED/SOF with RBV showed a worse safety profile when compared with LED/SOF without RBV for the following outcomes: any AE (RR 0.56 [95% CI 0.46–0.69]), anemia (RR 0.08 [95% CI 0.04–0.17]), and rash (RR 0.35 [95% CI 0.19–0.65]). No significant differences were observed regarding serious AE, rapid virological response, SVR4, SVR12, or viral relapse. The subgroup analysis did not show significant differences between either treatment groups.ConclusionAdministration of LED/SOF + RBV to treatment‐naïve patients with or without cirrhosis, and non‐cirrhotic treatment‐experienced patients, did not promote significant additional benefits. Furthermore, it is still unclear whether cirrhotic treatment‐experienced patients could benefit from combined therapy.
Regional Nerve Blocks Improve Pain and Functional Outcomes in Hip Fracture: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Morrison R. Sean , Dickman Eitan , Hwang Ula , Akhtar Saadia , Ferguson Taja , Huang Jennifer , Jeng Christina L. , Nelson Bret P. , Rosenblatt Meg A. , Silverstein Jeffrey H. , Strayer Reuben J. , Torrillo Toni M. , Todd Knox H. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo compared outcomes of regional nerve blocks with those of standard analgesics after hip fracture.DesignMultisite randomized controlled trial from April 2009 to March 2013.SettingThree New York hospitals.ParticipantsIndividuals with hip fracture (N = 161).InterventionParticipants were randomized to receive an ultrasound‐guided, single‐injection, femoral nerve block administered by emergency physicians at emergency department (ED) admission followed by placement of a continuous fascia iliaca block by anesthesiologists within 24 hours (n = 79) or conventional analgesics (n = 82).MeasurementsPain (0–10 scale), distance walked on Postoperative Day (POD) 3, walking ability 6 weeks after discharge, opioid side effects.ResultsPain scores 2 hours after ED presentation favored the intervention group over controls (3.5 vs 5.3, P = .002). Pain scores on POD 3 were significantly better for the intervention than the control group for pain at rest (2.9 vs 3.8, P = .005), with transfers out of bed (4.7 vs 5.9, P = .005), and with walking (4.1 vs 4.8, P = .002). Intervention participants walked significantly further than controls in 2 minutes on POD 3 (170.6 feet, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 109.3–232 vs 100.0 feet, 95% CI = 65.1–134.9; P = .04). At 6 weeks, intervention participants reported better walking and stair climbing ability (mean Functional Independence Measure locomotion score of 10.3 (95% CI = 9.6–11.0) vs 9.1 (95% CI = 8.2–10.0), P = .04). Intervention participants were significantly less likely to report opioid side effects (3% vs 12.4%, P = .03) and required 33% to 40% fewer parenteral morphine sulfate equivalents.ConclusionFemoral nerve blocks performed by emergency physicians followed by continuous fascia iliaca blocks placed by anesthesiologists are feasible and result in superior outcomes.
Carcass utilization by tigers: implications for calculating prey requirements
Authors: Fàbregas M. C. , Garcés‐Narro C. , Bertschinger H. , Koehler G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFewer than 3500 tigers (Panthera tigris) remain in the wild. Habitat loss and fragmentation, and depletion of prey are key factors contributing to their decline, prompting investigations on prey requirements needed to sustain their dwindling populations. To estimate prey requirements from consumption rates, the non‐consumed portion of a carcass (NCP) or degree of carcass utilization is required as, depending on prey size, part of the kill might not be consumed. Because NCPs for tigers have never been systematically estimated, the aim of this study was to develop a model to calculate NCPs based on prey body mass, and to determine whether the NCPs used in current tiger literature were accurate. Additionally, we applied the model to two tiger reserves to test if our results improved prey requirement estimates calculated with current NCPs. The study took place at Laohu Valley Reserve (South Africa), where four male and five female tigers were fed fresh carcasses of six ungulate species. Each prey carcass was weighed prior to feeding to tigers and once abandoned, the remains were weighed allowing the weight consumed minus the gastrointestinal contents to be calculated. We observed a strong positive relationship between prey body mass and NCP. For large prey, prey requirement estimates obtained with the NCPs yielded by our model were very similar to those obtained with the NCPs used in current tiger literature. However, differences increased for smaller prey, and for those species that comprised a high percentage of the tiger diet. In summary, we provide a model to calculate NCPs based on prey body mass, and demonstrate the importance of using specific values of NCPs in calculating prey requirements from consumption rates. These results could be useful for other large carnivores, as well as for calculating feed portions for large predators in captive settings.
Food availability and population structure: How do clumped and abundant sources of carrion affect the genetic diversity of the black‐backed jackal?
Authors: James R. S. , Scott D. M. , Yarnell R. W. , Overall A. D. J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCarnivores frequently come into conflict with humans in agricultural and livestock‐producing areas around the world. Understanding their fidelity and dispersal patterns in response to food availability is therefore important given the effort invested in conflict mitigation strategies. In this study, we investigated the influence of clumped and abundant sources of carrion on the genetic diversity of the black‐backed jackal Canis mesomelas within six private game farms in the North‐West and Gauteng provinces of South Africa. It is predicted that clumped and abundant sources of carrion will increase immigration and thus genetic diversity in the local subpopulation. By quantifying the variability in microsatellite loci in black‐backed jackals subjected to artificially increased carrion availability, and comparing them with individuals from control sites, we were able to describe patterns of historic gene flow within the total sampled population. The results of this investigation indicate that clumped and abundant sources of carrion promote genetic structuring (FST = 0.0302) which implies a lack of gene flow and a degree of isolation. Genetic artefacts of three populations could be identified through Bayesian clustering analysis of individuals based on their genetic identity. Individuals sampled from the two supplementary feeding sites could be assigned to one of two ancestral populations with an average population assignment of 69 and 82%, while individuals from the remaining four control sites, originate from a third population with percentage assignments of 63%, 46%, 53% and 42%. It is therefore likely that clumped and abundant sources of carrion in the agricultural landscape of South Africa can affect the population dynamics of the black‐backed jackal and result in subpopulations with limited migration and dispersal when compared with the total population.