bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac changes in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Spaulding-Barclay Michael A. , Stern Jessica , Mehler Philip S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionAnorexia nervosa is an eating disorder, which is associated with many different medical complications as a result of the weight loss and malnutrition that characterise this illness. It has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder. A large portion of deaths are attributable to the cardiac abnormalities that ensue as a result of the malnutrition associated with anorexia nervosa. In this review, the cardiac complications of anorexia nervosa will be discussed.MethodsA comprehensive literature review on cardiac changes in anorexia nervosa was carried out.ResultsThere are structural, functional, and rhythm-type changes that occur in patients with anorexia nervosa. These become progressively significant as ongoing weight loss occurs.ConclusionCardiac changes are inherent to anorexia nervosa and they become more life-threatening and serious as the anorexia nervosa becomes increasingly severe. Weight restoration and attention to these cardiac changes are crucial for a successful treatment outcome.
Linking Competency with Training Needs: Session Summary on Disaster Studies and Evaluation, Session BO-17
Authors: Ling Kelvin W.K. , Daily Elaine K. 
Published: January 2016

Editor’s Introductory NoteThis section of Prehospital and Disaster Medicine (PDM) presents reports and summaries of the 19th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WCDEM) held in Cape Town, South Africa in April of 2015. Abstracts of Congress oral and poster presentations were published in April 2015 as a supplement to PDM (Volume 30, Supplement 1).Reports and session summaries of the 19th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(1):117–118.
Potential of apoptotic pathway-targeted cancer therapeutic research: Where do we stand?
Authors: Baig S , Seevasant I , Mohamad J , Mukheem A , Huri H Z , Kamarul T 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUnderneath the intricacy of every cancer lies mysterious events that impel the tumour cell and its posterity into abnormal growth and tissue invasion. Oncogenic mutations disturb the regulatory circuits responsible for the governance of versatile cellular functions, permitting tumour cells to endure deregulated proliferation, resist to proapoptotic insults, invade and erode normal tissues and above all escape apoptosis. This disruption of apoptosis has been highly implicated in various malignancies and has been exploited as an anticancer strategy. Owing to the fact that apoptosis causes minimal inflammation and damage to the tissue, apoptotic cell death-based therapy has been the centre of attraction for the development of anticancer drugs. Increased understanding of the molecular pathways underlying apoptosis has enabled scientists to establish unique approaches targeting apoptosis pathways in cancer therapeutics. In this review, we reconnoitre the two major pathways (intrinsic and extrinsic) targeted cancer therapeutics, steering toward chief modulators of these pathways, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 protein family members (pro- and antiapoptotic), inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, and the foremost thespian of extrinsic pathway regulator, tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing agent. Together, we also will have a look from clinical perspective to address the agents (drugs) and therapeutic strategies adopted to target these specific proteins/pathways that have entered clinical trials.
Effect of hydroxychloroquine and characterization of autophagy in a mouse model of endometriosis
Authors: Ruiz A , Rockfield S , Taran N , Haller E , Engelman R W , Flores I , Panina-Bordignon P , Nanjundan M 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn endometriosis, the increased survival potential of shed endometrial cells (which normally undergo anoikis) is suggested to promote lesion development. One mechanism that may alter anoikis is autophagy. Using an autophagic flux inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), we identified that it reduces the in vitro survival capacity of human endometriotic and endometrial T-HESC cells. We also identified that HCQ could decrease lesion numbers and disrupt lesion histopathology, as well as increase the levels of peritoneal macrophages and the IP-10 (10 kDa interferon-γ-induced protein) chemokine in a mouse model of endometriosis. We noted that RNA levels of a subset of autophagic markers were reduced in lesions relative to uterine horns from endometriosis-induced (untreated) mice. In addition, the RNA levels of autophagic markers were decreased in uterine horns of endometriosis-induced mice compared with those from controls. However, we noted that protein expression of LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3β; an autophagic marker) was increased in uterine horns of endometriosis-induced mice compared with uterine horns of controls. By immunohistochemical staining of a human endometriosis-focused tissue microarray, we observed LC3B expression predominantly in epithelial relative to stromal cells in both eutopic and ectopic endometria. Via transmission electron microscopy, cells from eutopic endometria of endometriosis-induced mice contained more lipid droplets (rather than autophagosomes) compared with uterine horns from controls. Collectively, our findings indicate that the autophagic pathway is dysregulated in both ectopic and eutopic endometrium in a murine model of endometriosis and that HCQ has potential as a therapeutic agent for women afflicted with endometriosis.
CSGene: a literature-based database for cell senescence genes and its application to identify critical cell aging pathways and associated diseases
Authors: Zhao M , Chen L , Qu H 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCell senescence is a cellular process in which normal diploid cells cease to replicate and is a major driving force for human cancers and aging-associated diseases. Recent studies on cell senescence have identified many new genetic components and pathways that control cell aging. However, there is no comprehensive resource for cell senescence that integrates various genetic studies and relationships with cell senescence, and the risk associated with complex diseases such as cancer is still unexplored. We have developed the first literature-based gene resource for exploring cell senescence genes, CSGene. We complied 504 experimentally verified genes from public data resources and published literature. Pathway analyses highlighted the prominent roles of cell senescence genes in the control of rRNA gene transcription and unusual rDNA repeat that constitute a center for the stability of the whole genome. We also found a strong association of cell senescence with HIV-1 infection and viral carcinogenesis that are mainly related to promoter/enhancer binding and chromatin modification processes. Moreover, pan-cancer mutation and network analysis also identified common cell aging mechanisms in cancers and uncovered a highly modular network structure. These results highlight the utility of CSGene for elucidating the complex cellular events of cell senescence.
Reversal of axonal growth defects in an extraocular fibrosis model by engineering the kinesin–microtubule interface
Authors: Minoura Itsushi , Takazaki Hiroko , Ayukawa Rie , Saruta Chihiro , Hachikubo You , Uchimura Seiichi , Hida Tomonobu , Kamiguchi Hiroyuki , Shimogori Tomomi , Muto Etsuko 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMutations in human β3-tubulin (TUBB3) cause an ocular motility disorder termed congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 3 (CFEOM3). In CFEOM3, the oculomotor nervous system develops abnormally due to impaired axon guidance and maintenance; however, the underlying mechanism linking TUBB3 mutations to axonal growth defects remains unclear. Here, we investigate microtubule (MT)-based motility in vitro using MTs formed with recombinant TUBB3. We find that the disease-associated TUBB3 mutations R262H and R262A impair the motility and ATPase activity of the kinesin motor. Engineering a mutation in the L12 loop of kinesin surprisingly restores a normal level of motility and ATPase activity on MTs carrying the R262A mutation. Moreover, in a CFEOM3 mouse model expressing the same mutation, overexpressing the suppressor mutant kinesin restores axonal growth in vivo. Collectively, these findings establish the critical role of the TUBB3-R262 residue for mediating kinesin interaction, which in turn is required for normal axonal growth and brain development.
Using food-web theory to conserve ecosystems
Authors: McDonald-Madden E. , Sabbadin R. , Game E. T. , Baxter P. W. J. , Chadès I. , Possingham H. P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFood-web theory can be a powerful guide to the management of complex ecosystems. However, we show that indices of species importance common in food-web and network theory can be a poor guide to ecosystem management, resulting in significantly more extinctions than necessary. We use Bayesian Networks and Constrained Combinatorial Optimization to find optimal management strategies for a wide range of real and hypothetical food webs. This Artificial Intelligence approach provides the ability to test the performance of any index for prioritizing species management in a network. While no single network theory index provides an appropriate guide to management for all food webs, a modified version of the Google PageRank algorithm reliably minimizes the chance and severity of negative outcomes. Our analysis shows that by prioritizing ecosystem management based on the network-wide impact of species protection rather than species loss, we can substantially improve conservation outcomes.
European land CO2 sink influenced by NAO and East-Atlantic Pattern coupling
Authors: Bastos Ana , Janssens Ivan A. , Gouveia Célia M. , Trigo Ricardo M. , Ciais Philippe , Chevallier Frédéric , Peñuelas Josep , Rödenbeck Christian , Piao Shilong , Friedlingstein Pierre , Running Steven W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLarge-scale climate patterns control variability in the global carbon sink. In Europe, the North-Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) influences vegetation activity, however the East-Atlantic (EA) pattern is known to modulate NAO strength and location. Using observation-driven and modelled data sets, we show that multi-annual variability patterns of European Net Biome Productivity (NBP) are linked to anomalies in heat and water transport controlled by the NAO–EA interplay. Enhanced NBP occurs when NAO and EA are both in negative phase, associated with cool summers with wet soils which enhance photosynthesis. During anti-phase periods, NBP is reduced through distinct impacts of climate anomalies in photosynthesis and respiration. The predominance of anti-phase years in the early 2000s may explain the European-wide reduction of carbon uptake during this period, reported in previous studies. Results show that improving the capability of simulating atmospheric circulation patterns may better constrain regional carbon sink variability in coupled carbon-climate models.
Functional anterior pituitary generated in self-organizing culture of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Ozone Chikafumi , Suga Hidetaka , Eiraku Mototsugu , Kadoshima Taisuke , Yonemura Shigenobu , Takata Nozomu , Oiso Yutaka , Tsuji Takashi , Sasai Yoshiki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAnterior pituitary is critical for endocrine systems. Its hormonal responses to positive and negative regulators are indispensable for homeostasis. For this reason, generating human anterior pituitary tissue that retains regulatory hormonal control in vitro is an important step for the development of cell transplantation therapy for pituitary diseases. Here we achieve this by recapitulating mouse pituitary development using human embryonic stem cells. We find that anterior pituitary self-forms in vitro following the co-induction of hypothalamic and oral ectoderm. The juxtaposition of these tissues facilitated the formation of pituitary placode, which subsequently differentiated into pituitary hormone-producing cells. They responded normally to both releasing and feedback signals. In addition, after transplantation into hypopituitary mice, the in vitro-generated corticotrophs rescued physical activity levels and survival of the hosts. Thus, we report a useful methodology for the production of regulator-responsive human pituitary tissue that may benefit future studies in regenerative medicine.
Hierarchy of bond stiffnesses within icosahedral-based gold clusters protected by thiolates
Authors: Yamazoe Seiji , Takano Shinjiro , Kurashige Wataru , Yokoyama Toshihiko , Nitta Kiyofumi , Negishi Yuichi , Tsukuda Tatsuya 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUnique thermal properties of metal clusters are believed to originate from the hierarchy of the bonding. However, an atomic-level understanding of how the bond stiffnesses are affected by the atomic packing of a metal cluster and the interfacial structure with the surrounding environment has not been attained to date. Here we elucidate the hierarchy in the bond stiffness in thiolate-protected, icosahedral-based gold clusters Au25(SC2H4Ph)18, Au38(SC2H4Ph)24 and Au144(SC2H4Ph)60 by analysing Au L3-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure data. The Au–Au bonds have different stiffnesses depending on their lengths. The long Au–Au bonds, which are more flexible than those in the bulk metal, are located at the icosahedral-based gold core surface. The short Au–Au bonds, which are stiffer than those in the bulk metal, are mainly distributed along the radial direction and form a cyclic structural backbone with the rigid Au–SR oligomers.
Quasiparticle approach to diffusional atomic scale self-assembly of complex structures: from disorder to complex crystals and double-helix polymers
Authors: Lavrskyi Mykola , Zapolsky Helena , Khachaturyan Armen G 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA self-organisation is an universal phenomenon in nature and, in particular, is highly important in materials systems. Our goal was to develop a new theory that provides a computationally effective approach to this problem. In this paper a quasiparticle theory of a diffusional self-organisation of atoms in continuum space during the diffusional time scale has been introduced. This became possible due to two novelties, a concept of quasiparticles, fratons, used for a description of dynamic degrees of freedom and model Hamiltonian taking into account a directionality, length and strength of interatomic bonds. To illustrate a predictive power and achievable level of complexity of self-assembled structures, the challenging cases of self-assembling of the diamond, zinc-blende, helix and double-helix structures, from a random atomic distribution, have been successfully modelled. This approach opens a way to model a self-assembling of complex atomic and molecular structures in the atomic scale during diffusional time.
Whole mitochondrial DNA sequencing in Alpine populations and the genetic history of the Neolithic Tyrolean Iceman
Authors: Coia V. , Cipollini G. , Anagnostou P. , Maixner F. , Battaggia C. , Brisighelli F. , Gómez-Carballa A , Destro Bisol G. , Salas A. , Zink A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Tyrolean Iceman is an extraordinarily well-preserved natural mummy that lived south of the Alpine ridge ~5,200 years before present (ybp), during the Copper Age. Despite studies that have investigated his genetic profile, the relation of the Iceman´s maternal lineage with present-day mitochondrial variation remains elusive. Studies of the Iceman have shown that his mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) belongs to a novel lineage of haplogroup K1 (K1f) not found in extant populations. We analyzed the complete mtDNA sequences of 42 haplogroup K bearing individuals from populations of the Eastern Italian Alps – putatively in genetic continuity with the Tyrolean Iceman—and compared his mitogenome with a large dataset of worldwide K1 sequences. Our results allow a re-definition of the K1 phylogeny and indicate that the K1f haplogroup is absent or rare in present-day populations. We suggest that mtDNA Iceman´s lineage could have disappeared during demographic events starting in Europe from ~5,000 ybp. Based on the comparison of our results with published data, we propose a scenario that could explain the apparent contrast between the phylogeographic features of maternal and paternal lineages of the Tyrolean Iceman within the context of the demographic dynamics happening in Europe from 8,000 ybp.
Anisotropic Effects on the Thermoelectric Properties of Highly Oriented Electrodeposited Bi2Te3 Films
Authors: Manzano Cristina V. , Abad Begoña , Muñoz Rojo Miguel , Koh Yee Rui , Hodson Stephen L. , Lopez Martinez Antonio M. , Xu Xianfan , Shakouri Ali , Sands Timothy D. , Borca-Tasciuc Theodorian , Martin-Gonzalez Marisol 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHighly oriented [1 1 0] Bi2Te3 films were obtained by pulsed electrodeposition. The structure, composition and morphology of these films were characterized. The thermoelectric figure of merit (zT), both parallel and perpendicular to the substrate surface, were determined by measuring the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity in each direction. At 300 K, the in-plane and out-of-plane figure of merits of these Bi2Te3 films were (5.6 ± 1.2)·10−2 and (10.4 ± 2.6)·10−2, respectively.
A CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/Lox system-based express vaccine development strategy against re-emerging Pseudorabies virus
Authors: Liang Xun , Sun Leqiang , Yu Teng , Pan Yongfei , Wang Dongdong , Hu Xueying , Fu Zhenfang , He Qigai , Cao Gang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractVirus evolves rapidly to escape vaccine-induced immunity, posing a desperate demand for efficient vaccine development biotechnologies. Here we present an express vaccine development strategy based on CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/Lox system against re-emerging Pseudorabies virus, which caused the recent devastating swine pseudorabies outbreak in China. By CRISPR/Cas9 system, the virulent genes of the newly isolated strain were simultaneously substituted by marker genes, which were subsequently excised using Cre/Lox system for vaccine safety concern. Notably, single cell FACS technology was applied to further promote virus purification efficiency. The combination of these state-of-art technologies greatly accelerated vaccine development. Finally, vaccination and challenge experiments proved this vaccine candidate’s protective efficacy in pigs and the promise to control current pseudorabies outbreak. This is, to our knowledge, the first successful vaccine development based on gene edit technologies, demonstrating these technologies leap from laboratory to industry. It may pave the way for future express antiviral vaccine development.
Nested Machine Learning Facilitates Increased Sequence Content for Large-Scale Automated High Resolution Melt Genotyping
Authors: Fraley Stephanie I. , Athamanolap Pornpat , Masek Billie J. , Hardick Justin , Carroll Karen C. , Hsieh Yu-Hsiang , Rothman Richard E. , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Wang Tza-Huei , Yang Samuel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHigh Resolution Melt (HRM) is a versatile and rapid post-PCR DNA analysis technique primarily used to differentiate sequence variants among only a few short amplicons. We recently developed a one-vs-one support vector machine algorithm (OVO SVM) that enables the use of HRM for identifying numerous short amplicon sequences automatically and reliably. Herein, we set out to maximize the discriminating power of HRM + SVM for a single genetic locus by testing longer amplicons harboring significantly more sequence information. Using universal primers that amplify the hypervariable bacterial 16 S rRNA gene as a model system, we found that long amplicons yield more complex HRM curve shapes. We developed a novel nested OVO SVM approach to take advantage of this feature and achieved 100% accuracy in the identification of 37 clinically relevant bacteria in Leave-One-Out-Cross-Validation. A subset of organisms were independently tested. Those from pure culture were identified with high accuracy, while those tested directly from clinical blood bottles displayed more technical variability and reduced accuracy. Our findings demonstrate that long sequences can be accurately and automatically profiled by HRM with a novel nested SVM approach and suggest that clinical sample testing is feasible with further optimization.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: METTL13 is downregulated in bladder carcinoma and suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Zhang Guojun , Kong Chuize , Zhan Bo , Dong Xiao , Man Xiaojun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe incidence of bladder cancer has increased in the last few decades, thus novel markers for early diagnosis and more efficacious treatment are urgently needed. It found that METTTL13 protein is aberrant expression in variety of human cancers and METTL13 was involved in oncogenic pathways. However, the role of METTL13 has been unexplored in bladder cancer to date. Here, expression of METTL13 was lower in bladder cancer tissue samples and cancer cell lines than in normal bladder tissue and cell lines. METTL13 was downregulated in the late stages of the disease and was maintained at low level throughout the tumor progression process based on tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging. Further research suggested that METTL13 negatively regulates cell proliferation in bladder cancer and reinstates G1/S checkpoint via the coordinated downregulation of CDK6, CDK4 and CCND1, decreased phosphorylation of Rb and subsequent delayed cell cycle progression. Moreover, METTL13-dependent inhibition of bladder cancer cell migration and invasion is mediated by downregulation of FAK (Focal adhesion kinase) phosphorylation, AKT (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene) phosphorylation, β-catenin expression and MMP-9 expression. These integrated efforts have identified METTL13 as a tumor suppressor and might provide promising approaches for bladder cancer treatment and prevention.
Geographic origin and evolutionary history of China’s two predominant HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms, CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC
Authors: Feng Yi , Takebe Yutaka , Wei Huamian , He Xiang , Hsi Jenny H. , Li Zhenpeng , Xing Hui , Ruan Yuhua , Yang Yao , Li Fan , Wei Jing , Li Xingguang , Shao Yiming 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTo determine the origin and evolutionary history of two predominant and closely-related circulating recombinant forms (CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC), recombinant structures and phylogenies of 7 unique recombinant forms comprised of subtypes of B’ (Thai B linage) and C (designated URFs_BC) from archival specimens of injection drug users (IDUs) collected in 1996 to 1998 from western Yunnan and 4 circulating recombinant forms with B’/C recombinants recently identified (designated nCRFs_BC) in China were compared with those of CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC. The results showed that 5 of 7 URFs_BC and all the nCRFs_BC shared recombination breakpoints with CRF07_BC and/or CRF08_BC. Yunnan URFs_BC consistently occupied the basal branch positions compared with CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC and nCRFs_BC in phylogenetic trees. The estimated most recent common ancestors (tMRCA) for Yunnan URFs_BC were from ~1987, approximately half a decade earlier than those for CRF07_BC (~1994) and CRF08_BC (~1992). Discrete phylogeographic and spatial diffusion analysis revealed that both CRF07_BC and CRF08 BC came from western Yunnan in the early 1990s. Our results provide compelling evidence for western Yunnan as the geographic origin of CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC, which emerged from a swarm of URFs_BC by a series of recombination events in western Yunnan in the early 1990s.