bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4000 Years of Changing Wetness in a Permafrost Polygon Peatland (Kytalyk, NE Siberia): A Comparative High‐Resolution Multi‐Proxy Study
Authors: Teltewskoi Annette , Beermann Fabian , Beil Ilka , Bobrov Anatoly , De Klerk Pim , Lorenz Sebastian , Lüder Arne , Michaelis Dierk , Joosten Hans 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIce‐wedge polygon mires feature a micro‐relief of dry ridges, shallow wet depressions, deeper wet troughs and transitional sites, resulting in a local mosaic of vegetation. The correct recognition of these landscape elements in palaeoecological studies of peat sections requires insight about the suitability of proxies and their potential for palaeoecological reconstruction in order to reconstruct vegetation and wetness patterns as well as dynamics. This paper analyses a 105.5 cm long peat section with a base dating to about 4000 cal yr BP from an ice‐wedge polygon mire near Kytalyk (NE Siberia). Pollen, macrofossils, testate amoebae, geochemistry and sediment properties were analysed in order to compare the suitability of these proxies to reconstruct past surface wetness. The proxies show similar wetness trends. Pollen and geochemistry data did not always permit wetness reconstruction, the former because many pollen types do not allow the identification of taxa at a low taxonomic resolution, the latter because later taphonomic processes modify chemical variables in deeper peat layers. Macrofossils provided the most detailed wetness reconstruction, because they could be identified to genera or species, for which the moisture requirements are accurately known from their present‐day distribution in ice‐wedge polygons. All proxies, except geochemistry, show an obvious change from wet to dry conditions at around 20 cm depth. However, as the proxies sometimes show contradictory results, a multi‐proxy approach is preferable over a single proxy interpretation as it allows the reconstruction of environmental development in a broader palaeoecological context. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Stochastic Approach in Groundwater Modeling for the Optimization of Hydraulic Barriers
Authors: Remonti Michele , Mori Piero 
Published: March 2016

A three‐dimensional stochastic groundwater flow and contaminant transport model has been developed to optimize groundwater containment at an industrial site in Italy and to define likely future contaminant distribution under different confinement or remediation scenarios. The transport model was first calibrated using a deterministic approach to simulate the hydrochemical conditions prior to the optimization of groundwater extraction, then a probabilistic simulation was conducted to predict future contaminant concentrations. The stochastic approach allowed introducing an estimate of the uncertainty of the hydrogeological and chemical parameters into the model, simulating the probability density function of the contaminant concentrations after the application of the optimized barrier wells pumping rates. This allowed the calculation of the time required for the concentrations of each modeled parameter to decrease to under the regulatory limit at the compliance point, and associating the related uncertainty into the model. Quantifying the model prediction uncertainty facilitated a better understanding of the site environmental conditions, providing the site owners additional information for managing the site and allocating related economic resources. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient key encapsulation mechanisms with tight security reductions to standard assumptions in the two security models
Authors: Hanatani Yoshikazu , Hanaoka Goichiro , Matsuda Takahiro , Yamakawa Takashi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we propose two new practical constructions of chosen ciphertext attack secure (CCA secure) key encapsulation mechanisms (KEM, which is the main building block for public key encryption in hybrid encryption), with remarkable security features: Our KEMs can be proved not only to satisfy CCA security (or constrained CCA security introduced by Hofheinz and Kiltz at CRYPTO'07) in the standard model with a tight security reduction to a basic indistinguishability‐type assumption but also to be CCA secure in the random oracle model with a tight security reduction to a basic computational‐type assumption. Our first construction is based on the Diffie–Hellman‐type assumptions, and compared with the KEM by Shoup at EUROCRYPT'00 that has security reductions in two security models (but its security proof in the random model is a loose reduction), our proposed KEM has a smaller ciphertext size with the same computational costs, and more importantly, ours has a tight security reduction also in the random oracle model. Our second construction is based on assumptions related to integer factoring, and compared with the KEM by Hofheinz and Kiltz at CRYPTO'99 that also has tight security reductions in two security models to factoring‐related assumptions, our proposed KEM has similar efficiency (both ciphertext size and computational costs) and bases the security on incomparable assumptions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schlosssteg 2.0 – Ersatzneubau einer Fuß‐ und Radwegbrücke in Waidhofen an der Ybbs, Österreich
Authors: Brandstötter Rudolf , Kirchhofer Johannes 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn Waidhofen an der Ybbs, Österreich, wurde im Sommer 2015 eine Fuß‐ und Radwegbrücke mit 60 m Spannweite als Ersatzneubau für eine bestehende Stegkonstruktion errichtet. Neben dem Neubau musste die bestehende Stegkonstruktion abgetragen werden, was in Kombination mit den weiteren örtlichen Gegebenheiten zu einem nicht alltäglichen Montage‐ bzw. Demontagekonzept führte. Durch die konsequente Umsetzung einer ganzheitlichen Entwurfsstrategie konnte eine Stegkonstruktion geschaffen werden, die sich harmonisch in die Umgebung integriert und auch binnen kürzester Zeit umgesetzt werden konnte.Schlosssteg 2.0 – A new reconstruction of a bridge for pedestrians and cyclists across the river Ybbs in Waidhofen, Austria. In the summer of 2015, a pedestrian and cyclist bridge was built in Waidhofen across the river Ybbs. The bridge has a span width of 60 m. It replaces an existing structure, which had to be removed during construction – which, added to the local circumstances, resulted in an unordinary construction and dismantling concept. By consistently applying a holistic design strategy a bridge structure could be created that harmoniously blends with its environment and was put into practise within short time.
KLF7 Regulates Satellite Cell Quiescence in Response to Extracellular Signaling
Authors: Wang Xiaobin , Shen Qingwu W. , Wang Jie , Zhang Zhiguo , Feng Fu , Chen Ting , Zhang Yanyan , Wei Huan , Li Zhongwen , Wang Xinxia , Wang Yizhen 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Retaining muscle stem satellite cell (SC) quiescence is important for the maintenance of stem cell population and tissue regeneration. Accumulating evidence supports the model where key extracellular signals play crucial roles in maintaining SC quiescence or activation, however, the intracellular mechanisms that mediate niche signals to control SC behavior are not fully understood. Here, we reported that KLF7 functioned as a key mediator involved in low-level TGF-β signaling and canonical Notch signaling-induced SC quiescence and myoblast arrest. The data obtained showed that KLF7 was upregulated in quiescent SCs and nonproliferating myoblasts. Silence of KLF7 promoted SCs activation and myoblasts proliferation, but overexpression of KLF7 induced myogenic cell arrest. Notably, the expression of KLF7 was regulated by TGF-β and Notch3 signaling. Knockdown of KLF7 diminished low-level TGF-β and canonical Notch signaling-induced SC quiescence. Investigation into the mechanism revealed that KLF7 regulation of SC function was dependent on p21 and acetylation of Lys227 and/or 231 in the DNA binding domain of KLF7. Our study provides new insights into the regulatory network of muscle stem cell quiescence.
Accuracy of Surgeon‐Performed Ultrasound in Detecting Gallstones: A Validation Study
Authors: Gustafsson Camilla , McNicholas Andrea , Sondén Anders , Törngren Staffan , Järnbert‐Pettersson Hans , Lindelius Anna 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundSymptomatic gallstone disease is a common diagnosis in patients with abdominal pain. Ultrasound is considered the gold standard method to identify gallstones. Today the examination may be performed bedside by the treating clinician. Bedside ultrasound could provide a safe and time‐saving diagnostic resource for surgeons evaluating patients with suspected symptomatic gallstones; however, large validation studies of the accuracy and reliability are lacking. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the accuracy of surgeon‐performed ultrasound for the detection of gallstones.MethodsBetween October 2011 and November 2012, 179 adult patients, with an acute or elective referral for an abdominal ultrasound examination, were examined with a right upper quadrant ultrasound scan by a radiologist as well as a surgeon. The surgeons had undergone a four‐week‐long ultrasound education before participating in the study. Ultrasound findings of the surgeon were compared to those of the radiologist, using radiologist‐performed ultrasound as reference standard.ResultsSurgeon‐performed ultrasound agreed with radiologist findings in 169 of 179 patients regarding the detection of gallstones, providing an accuracy of 94 %. The sensitivity was 88 % (67/76), specificity 99 % (102/103), positive predictive value 99 % (67/68), and negative predictive value 92 % (102/111). Agreement between the diagnosis set by the radiologists and the surgeons was high: Cohen’s Kappa coefficient = 0.88.ConclusionsUltrasound‐trained surgeons may accurately diagnose gallstones using ultrasound and reach a high level of agreement with radiologists.
Imbalanced Job Polarization and Skills Mismatch in Europe
Authors: Sparreboom Theo , Tarvid Alexander 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper considers the education of the labour force based on an analysis of trends in and the relationships between job polarization and skills mismatch. Both job polarization and skills mismatch have become topics of increasing interest, but relationships between the two have been relatively neglected in the literature. We argue that the relationship between polarization and skills mismatch is an empirical matter, which we analyse at both the macroeconomic and microeconomic level in European countries. A novel job polarization index (JPI) is proposed to measure imbalanced job polarization. It takes into account not only the change in the share of medium-level jobs, as is typical for measuring pure polarization, but also the imbalance between the change in high-level and low-level jobs. Skills mismatch at macro-level is measured by a skills mismatch index (SMI), while traditional measures of undereducation and overeducation are used at the microeconomic level. At the macroeconomic level, we estimate a system of two equations, one for each of the country-level variables gauging polarization and mismatch, respectively. Imbalanced job polarization measured by the JPI negatively affects skills mismatch at the macroeconomic level (SMI), but there is no significant reverse effect. Thereafter we consider the microeconomic level and study the determinants of mismatch using multi-level mixed effects logistic models. The effect of imbalanced job polarization on individual-level mismatch was arguably favourable for individuals in non-crisis time, decreasing overeducation risk although also increasing the chances of undereducation, both gauged using the normative measure, but unfavourable during the global financial crisis of 2008–2009 and the following two years.
Amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities from trials of solanezumab for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Carlson Christopher , Siemers Eric , Hake Ann , Case Michael , Hayduk Roza , Suhy Joyce , Oh Joonmi , Barakos Jerome 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionSolanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds soluble amyloid beta peptide, is being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsPatients (n = 2042) with mild and moderate AD were randomized 1:1 to 400‐mg solanezumab or placebo infusion every 4 weeks for 80 weeks and 1457 patients entered an open‐label extension. Magnetic resonance imaging scans monitored for amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities‐edema/effusion (ARIA‐E) and amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities‐hemorrhage/hemosiderin deposition.ResultsSixteen patients (solanezumab, n = 11; placebo, n = 5) developed ARIA‐E during the double‐blind phase, and 7 patients developed ARIA‐E during the open‐label extension as of July 31, 2014. Unique cases are discussed including solanezumab patients who were given solanezumab, while ARIA‐E was present and a patient who developed ARIA‐E during placebo treatment and again during solanezumab treatment.DiscussionAsymptomatic ARIA‐E was detected in solanezumab‐treated and placebo‐treated AD patients. ARIA‐E occurs infrequently during solanezumab and placebo treatments but may occur repeatedly in some patients.
Cabergoline in the Treatment of Male Orgasmic Disorder—A Retrospective Pilot Analysis
Authors: Hollander Adam B. , Pastuszak Alexander W. , Hsieh Tung-Chin , Johnson William G. , Scovell Jason M. , Mai Christina K. , Lipshultz Larry I. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Male orgasmic disorder is common, with few treatment options. Cabergoline is a dopamine agonist that acts centrally to normalize serum prolactin that could improve orgasmic dysfunction.

Aims
To determine whether cabergoline increases the potential for orgasm in men with orgasmic disorder.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of men treated in a single andrology clinic for delayed orgasm or anorgasmia in a pilot study using cabergoline 0.5 mg twice weekly was performed. Duration of treatment and response were noted. Medical records were examined for other factors including history of prostatectomy and concomitant androgen supplementation.

Main Outcome Measures
Subjective improvement in orgasmic function resulting from cabergoline treatment.

Results
Of 131 men treated with cabergoline for orgasmic disorder, 87 (66.4%) reported subjective improvement in orgasm and 44 (33.6%) reported no change in orgasm. Duration of therapy (P = .03) and concomitant testosterone therapy (P = .02) were associated with a significant positive response to cabergoline treatment. No differences were found between injectable and non-injectable testosterone formulations (P = .90), and neither age (P = .90) nor prior prostatectomy (P = .41) influenced the outcome of cabergoline treatment. Serum testosterone levels before (P = .26) and after (P = .81) treatment were not significantly different in responders vs non-responders.

Conclusion
Cabergoline is a potentially effective and easy-to-administer treatment for male orgasmic disorder, the efficacy of which appears to be independent of patient age or orgasmic disorder etiology. Prospective randomized trials are needed to determine the true role of cabergoline in the treatment of this disorder.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Individuals Undergoing Sex-Reassignment Surgery: Somatic Morbidity and Cause of Death
Authors: Simonsen Rikke Kildevæld , Hald Gert Martin , Kristensen Ellids , Giraldi Annamaria 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Studies of mortality and somatic well-being after sex-reassignment surgery (SRS) of transsexual individuals are equivocal. Accordingly, the present study investigated mortality and somatic morbidity using a sample of transsexual individuals who comprised 98% (n = 104) of all surgically reassigned transsexual individuals in Denmark.

Aims
To investigate somatic morbidity before and after SRS and cause of death and its relation to somatic morbidity after SRS in Danish individuals who underwent SRS from 1978 through 2010.

Methods
Somatic morbidity and mortality in 104 sex-reassigned individuals were identified retrospectively by data from the Danish National Health Register and the Cause of Death Register.

Main Outcome Measures
Somatic morbidity and cause of death.

Results
Overall, 19.2% of the sample were registered with somatic morbidity before SRS and 23.1% after SRS (P = not significant). In total, 8.6% had somatic morbidity before and after SRS. The most common diagnostic category was cardiovascular disease, affecting 18 individuals, 9 before and 14 after SRS, and 5 of those 14 who were affected after SRS had cardiovascular disease before and after SRS. Ten individuals died after SRS at an average age of 53.5 ± 7.9 years (male to female) and 53.5 ± 7.3 years (female to male).

Conclusion
Of 98% of all Danish transsexuals who officially underwent SRS from 1978 through 2010, one in three had somatic morbidity and approximately 1 in 10 had died. No significant differences in somatic morbidity or mortality were found between male-to-female and female-to-male individuals. Despite the young average age at death and the relatively larger number of individuals with somatic morbidity, the present study design does not allow for determination of casual relations between, for example, specific types of hormonal or surgical treatment received and somatic morbidity and mortality.
Three-dimensional modeling of pulsed soundings using a fast Fourier transform
Authors: Epov M.I. , Shurina E.P. , Shtabel E.P. , Shtabel N.V. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A method for three-dimensional modeling of pulsed soundings using a fast Fourier transform is developed: instead of the time-domain problem, it is proposed to solve a set of frequency-domain problems obtained by processing the original excitation pulse by a fast Fourier transform. The error of the proposed method compared to the method of solving the time-domain problem is numerically estimated for a model problem with a sinusoidal signal.
Paleoseismological studies in the epicentral area of the 1911 Kemin earthquake (northern Tien Shan)
Authors: Deev E.V. , Korzhenkov A.M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The area of the Chon-Aksu and Kichi-Aksu grabens abounds in seismic deformation produced by historic and prehistoric events, among which the great Kemin (Kebin) earthquake of 1911, with a magnitude of Ms ≈ 8 and a shaking intensity of I0 = 10–11, generated by the Aksu fault. Trenching across a fault scarp of the 1911 event has revealed signatures of reverse slip resulted from another earthquake that occurred about 3000 years ago. Traces of a large event at ~12,700 yr BP appear in sediments of a tectonically dammed lake. The trenching results, along with radiocarbon dating and published evidence, show the Late Pleistocene–Holocene history of the Aksu fault to comprise prolonged quiescence periods separated by large earthquakes or earthquake clusters at 19,500–20,000, 12,700, 4000–3000, and &lt;850 yr BP (including the 1911 Kemin shock).
Jerks and conductivity anisotropy of lower mantle
Authors: Plotkin V.V. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Conductivity anisotropy of the lower mantle presumably caused by phase change of dielectric magnesiowüstite at depths of 1500–2000 km is detectable from jerks. Jerks are induced by currents in the fluid outer core, propagate upward from the CMB through anisotropic conducting mantle, and appear on the Earth’s surface. The surface jerk patterns are studied theoretically from the potential of the geomagnetic field presented as a sum of magnetic and electric modes. Equations for the fields of both modes and their relationship in a weakly anisotropic earth are obtained by the perturbation method. The field potential is expanded into a series of spherical harmonics, and the equations are solved in the frequency and time domains. The surface jerk responses can be inverted to retrieve anisotropy parameters; the goal function in the inversion may correspond to misfit between the model and experimental values either along the horizontal or vertical components.
Epidemiologic Investigation of Injuries Associated With the 2013 Fertilizer Plant Explosion in West, Texas
Authors: Metzger Kristi , Akram Hammad , Feldt Bonnie , Stone Kahler , Alvey Stephanie , Henley Sandi , Hernandez Alicia , Melville Sharon , Haywood Tracy , Zane David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveOn April 17, 2013, a fire and subsequent explosion occurred at the West Fertilizer Company plant in West, Texas, and caused extensive damage to the adjacent neighborhood. This investigation described the fatal and nonfatal injuries caused by the explosion.MethodsPersons injured by the fertilizer plant explosion were identified through death certificates, medical examination reports, medical records, and survivor interviews. Data on patient characteristics, type of injury, and location of injury were collected.ResultsMedical record review indicated that 252 individuals sought medical care for nonfatal injuries directly related to the explosion immediately after the explosion. Fifteen patients died of injuries sustained by the blast. Almost one-quarter of patients were admitted for treatment of injuries. Injuries sustained in the explosion included abrasions/contusions, lacerations/penetrating trauma, traumatic brain injuries/concussions, tinnitus/hearing problems, eye injuries, and inhalational injuries. Patients located closer to the explosion were more likely to be admitted to the hospital for treatment of injuries than were those who were located further away.ConclusionExplosions of this magnitude are rare, but can inflict severe damage to a community and its residents. This investigation could be a useful planning resource for other communities, public health agencies, first responders, and medical facilities. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:583–590)
α-Tocopherol in breast milk of women with preterm delivery after a single postpartum oral dose of vitamin E
Authors: Pires Medeiros Jeane Franco , Ribeiro Karla Danielly da Silva , Lima Mayara Santa Rosa , das Neves Renata Alexandra Moreira , Lima Amanda Cibely Pinheiro , Dantas Raquel Costa Silva , da Silva Alyne Batista , Dimenstein Roberto 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of maternal vitamin E supplementation on the α-tocopherol concentrations of colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk of women who had given birth prematurely. This longitudinal randomised-controlled trial divided eighty-nine women into two groups: a control group and a supplemented group. Blood and breast milk were collected from all the participants after delivery. Next, each woman in the supplemented group received 400 IU of RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate. Further breast milk samples were collected 24 h after the first collection, as well as 7 and 30 d after delivery. α-Tocopherol concentrations were determined by HPLC. The baseline α-tocopherol concentrations in the maternal serum of the two groups were similar: 1159·8 (sd 292·4) μg/dl (27·0 (SD 6·8) μmol/l) for the control group and 1128·3 (sd 407·2) μg/dl (26·2 (SD 9·5) μmol/l) for the supplemented group. None of the women was vitamin E deficient. Breast milk α-tocopherol concentrations increased by 60 % 24 h after supplementation in the intervention group and did not increase at all in the control group. α-Tocopherol concentration of the transitional milk in the supplemented group was 35 % higher compared with the control group. α-Tocopherol concentrations of the mature milk in both groups were similar. Maternal supplementation with 400 IU of RRR-α-tocopherol increased the vitamin E concentrations of the colostrum and transitional milk, but not of the mature milk. This study presents relevant information for the design of strategies to prevent and combat vitamin E deficiency in the risk group of preterm infants.