bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Organogel Hardness and Formulation on Acceptance of Frankfurters
Authors: Barbut S. , Wood J. , Marangoni A.G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDifferent organogel formulations used as beef fat (BF) replacement (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) were utilized to optimize the mechanical properties of frankfurters. Organogels, made of canola oil (CO), included different concentrations of ethyl cellulose (EC) and sorbitan monostearate (SMS). They consisted of: 8% EC + 1.5% SMS referred to as organogel‐I (OG‐I), 8% EC + 3.0% SMS (OG‐II), and 10% EC + 1.5% SMS (OG‐III), which were found promising in a previous study when used at 100% replacement. Replacement of BF with organogels at all levels could bring down the very high hardness values (texture profile analysis and sensory) of frankfurters prepared using CO by itself, relative to the BF control. OG‐I and OG‐II quantity had no significant effect on hardness and springiness, being similar in many cases to the BF and lower than the CO control. Shear force values of all organogel treatments were not significantly different from one another, and were between the BF and CO controls. Smokehouse yield showed a pattern of decreasing losses with increasing organogel replacement level. Sensory analysis revealed that using CO by itself significantly increased hardness, but structuring the oil (via organogelation), brought it down to the BF control value in all OG‐I and OG‐II formulations. Juiciness was significantly reduced by using liquid oil but increased with raising the amount of organogels. Oiliness sensation increased with higher organogel substitution and was actually higher than the beef control. The study demonstrates the potential use of vegetable oil structuring in replacing the more saturated BF in emulsion‐type meat products.
Effects of different omeprazole dosing on gastric pH in non‐variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A randomized prospective study
Authors: Chwiesko Adam , Charkiewicz Radoslaw , Niklinski Jacek , Luczaj Wojciech , Skrzydlewska Elzbieta , Milewski Robert , Baniukiewicz Andrzej , Wroblewski Eugeniusz , Rosolowski Mariusz , Dabrowski Andrzej 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to identify the best method of omeprazole (OME) application with respect to intragastric pH, cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) genotype and phenotype.MethodsThe patients with non‐variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) were prospectively enrolled. After the achievement of endoscopic hemostasis, the patients were randomized to 40‐mg intravenous (i.v.) OME bolus injection every 12 h or 8‐mg/h continuous i.v. infusion for 72 h after an 80‐mg i.v. OME bolus administration. The intragastric pH was recorded for 72 h. The CYP2C19 variant alleles (*2, *3, *17) were analyzed and the serum concentrations of OME and 5‐hydroxyomeprazole (5‐OH OME) were determined.ResultsAltogether 41 Caucasians (18 in the OME infusion [OI] group and 23 in the OME bolus [OB] group) were analyzed. The median percentage of time with an intragastric pH > 4.0 was higher in the infusion group than in the OB group over 48 h (100% vs 96.6%, P = 0.009) and 72 h (100% vs 87.6%, P = 0.006), and that at an intragastric pH >6.0 was higher in the OI group than the OB group over 72 h (97.9% vs 63.5%, P = 0.04). Helicobacter pylori infection was correlated with the fastest increase in intragastric pH, especially in the OI group. In both groups, CYP2C19 genotypes (*1/*1, *1/*17, *17/*17) had no essential effect on intragastric pH.ConclusionsIn patients with NVUGIB, OME i.v. bolus followed by continuous infusion is more effective than OME i.v. bolus every 12 h in maintaining higher intragastric pH, regardless of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms. H. pylori infection accelerates the initial elevation of intragastric pH.
Which one is more effective for the clinical treatment of chronic pain in knee osteoarthritis: radiofrequency neurotomy of the genicular nerves or intra‐articular injection?
Authors: Sarı Sinem , Aydın Osman N. , Turan Yasemin , Özlülerden Pınar , Efe Ufuk , Kurt Ömürlü İmran 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of intra‐articular injection and radiofrequency (RF) neurotomy of genicular nerves in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis (OA) pain.MethodsSeventy‐three patients with knee OA were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to Group IA (intra‐articular 2.5 mL of bupivacaine, 2.5 mg of morphine and 1 mL of betamethasone, 6 mL of fluid injection) or Group RF (RF neurotomy of the genicular nerves). The outcome measures included a pain scale (visual analog scale, VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Index of Osteoarthritis.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in baseline VAS‐pain. In Group RF, a significant reduction was observed in VAS‐pain at the first month (P < 0.001) and the third month (P < 0.001) in comparison to Group IA. Also in Group RF, a significant reduction was observed in WOMAC total scores in the first month (P < 0.001) in comparison to Group IA.ConclusionThis study is the first controlled study in the literature which compares RF genicular nerve to intra‐articular injections. This study demonstrated that genicular nerve RF neurotomy is a safe and efficient treatment modality and provides functional improvement along with an analgesia in patients with chronic knee OA.
Multiple myeloma masquerading as severe seropositive rheumatoid arthritis with subcutaneous nodules and mononeuritis multiplex
Authors: Edavalath Sukesh , Chowdhury Abhra C. , Phatak Sanat , Misra Durga P. , Verma Ritu , Lawrence Able 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMultiple myeloma can rarely mimic seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We report a 55‐year‐old woman who presented with longstanding deforming polyarthritis with extensive subcutaneous nodules, tenosynovitis, anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide positivity and mononeuritis multiplex. Even though the clinical picture was consistent with seropositive RA, the absence of bone erosion or joint space narrowing on hand and knee radiographs led us to question the diagnosis of RA. Further investigation revealed a diagnosis of multiple myeloma with cutaneous amyloid deposits, based on serum immunofixation, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy of a subcutaneous nodule. The only clue to suspect myeloma from the basic investigations and clinical examination was mild hypercalcemia. This case serves to reiterate the need to maintain a heightened suspicion for other diagnoses even when RA appears most likely.
Blister fluid and serum cytokine levels in severe sepsis in humans reflect skin dysfunction
Authors: Koskela M. , Ala‐Kokko T. I. , Gäddnäs F. , Herzig K.‐H. , Karhu T. , Oikarinen A. , Koivukangas V. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundKnowledge of sepsis‐related end‐organ inflammation in vivo is limited. We investigated the cytokine response in skin and in serum in sepsis and its relation to multiorgan failure (MOF) and survival.MethodsCytokines were analysed in serum and in suction blister fluid of intact skin of 44 patients with severe sepsis and 15 healthy controls. Blister fluid and serum samples were collected within 48 h of the first sepsis‐induced organ failure. This is a substudy of a larger follow‐up study on wound healing in sepsis.ResultsCytokine levels were higher in patients with sepsis vs. controls (interleukin [IL]‐10, blisters: 65.9 vs. 4.3 pg/ml, P < 0.001, serum: 25.7 vs. 4.5 pg/ml, P = 0.004; IL‐6, blisters: 41.9 vs. 0.03 pg/ml, P < 0.001, serum: 45.5 vs. 2.1 pg/ml, P < 0.001). Patients with MOF had higher levels of IL‐10 (116.4 vs. 21.3 pg/ml, P = 0.015), IL‐4 (0.7 vs. 0.07 pg/ml, P = 0.013) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (25.9 vs. 9.5 pg/ml, P = 0.027) in blister fluid than patients without MOF. In blister fluid, survivors had lower levels of IL‐10 (43.3 vs. 181.9 pg/ml, P = 0.024) and bFGF (15.8 vs. 31.9 pg/ml, P = 0.006) than non‐survivors. In serum, survivors had higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (152.2 vs. 14.7 pg/ml, P = 0.012) and lower levels of IL‐6 (38.5 vs. 91.1 pg/ml, P = 0.011) than non‐survivors. The blister fluid levels of bFGF, TNF and VEGF did not correlate with the serum levels.ConclusionsCytokine responses in skin blister fluid in patients with sepsis differed from those in healthy controls.
Follow up with HPV test and cytology as test of cure, 6 months after conization, is reliable
Authors: Asciutto Katrin Christine , Henic Emir , Darlin Lotten , Forslund Ola , Borgfeldt Christer 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroductionHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an objective marker with a high sensitivity for finding cervical dysplasia. The objective of the current study is to investigate whether HPV testing, combined with liquid‐based cytology, is reliable as a test of cure after the loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP).Material and methodsThe LEEP was performed in 330 women for excision of cervical dysplasia. Follow up consisted of HPV testing and liquid‐based cytology at six, 12, and 36 months after treatment. Patients with negative co‐testing after 6 months were re‐examined after 3 years. Patients who tested positive for high‐risk HPV and/or dysplasia were followed up 12 months postoperatively.ResultsAt 6 months, the co‐testing was double negative in 169 of 260 tested cases (65%). A positive high‐risk HPV test (n = 40) was associated with cytological abnormalities (p < 0.001). After 3 years, 227 of 275 examined cases (83%) co‐tested negative, including 154 patients who had already tested negative at 6 months and 37 cases with viral clearance at 12 months. Of 26 patients with high‐risk HPV at the 3‐year follow up, six had LSIL findings on liquid‐based cytology, but neither HSIL lesions nor glandular atypia or cervical cancer was found. A negative high‐risk HPV test showed a negative predictive value for HSIL of 100% (95% CI 99.8–100%).ConclusionsNegative co‐testing 6 months after LEEP can be considered a reliable test of cure as 3‐year follow‐up results are consistent with neither HSIL or cancer.
Disentangling grazing effects: trampling, defoliation and urine deposition
Authors: Lezama Felipe , Paruelo José M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractQuestionsDo the effects of grazing components on vegetation structure differ in their relative importance? Do components interact in their effect on vegetation?LocationSan Jose department, Southern Campos, Uruguay.MethodsIn a manipulative field experiment we simulated three different grazing components: trampling, defoliation and urine deposition, over 3 yr in a natural grassland. Defoliation was analysed through two intensity levels and two procedures: uniform and selective cutting. We evaluated the effects of grazing components on species diversity and composition, and frequency of plant functional types.ResultsAll simulated grazing components had at least some effect on vegetation structure. Additionally, both individual and interactive effects on vegetation attributes were detected. Our study indicates that the relative influence of each grazing component varied according to the attribute considered. N addition was the only treatment that affected plant diversity. Plant functional type composition, in turn, was affected mainly by trampling. N addition and trampling were the component that affected the frequency of the largest number of species. Defoliation selectivity showed effects both in terms of plant functional type and species composition. Exclosure treatment and defoliation intensity had slight effects on grassland structure.ConclusionsThis study provides insight on the underlying mechanisms of some observed patterns of grazing on the Campos grasslands. Our results lead us to conclude that all grazing components have to be taken into account to understand vegetation dynamics subjected to grazing. Prevention of woody encroachment by grazing can be attributed to direct and indirect effects of trampling. Trampling should be taken into account to explain increaser species responses. However, mechanisms responsible for other general patterns remain less clear. The importance of selective defoliation in species replacement induced by grazing in these grasslands has yet to be clarified.
Do pharmacist‐led medication reviews in hospitals help reduce hospital readmissions? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Renaudin Pierre , Boyer Laurent , Esteve Marie‐Anne , Bertault‐Peres Pierre , Auquier Pascal , Honore Stéphane 
Published: August 2016

AimsThe aim of this meta‐analysis is to examine the impact of in‐hospital pharmacist‐led medication reviews in paediatric and adult patients.MethodsRelevant studies were identified from the Medline and Cochrane Library databases. Studies were included if they met the following criteria (without any language or date restrictions): design: randomized controlled trial; intervention: in‐hospital pharmacist‐led medication review (experimental group) vs. usual care (control group); participants: paediatric or adult population. The primary outcome was all‐cause readmissions and/or emergency department (ED) visits at different time points. The secondary outcomes were all‐cause readmissions, all‐cause ED visits, drug‐related readmissions, mortality, length of hospital stay, adherence and quality of life. We calculated the relative risk (RR) or mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each study. We used fixed and/or random effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.ResultsWe systematically reviewed 19 randomized controlled trials (4805 participants). The readmission rates did not differ between the experimental group and the control group (RR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.89; 1.05, p = 0.470). The secondary outcomes did not differ between the two groups, except for in drug‐related readmissions, which were lower in the experimental group (RR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.14; 0.45, p < 0.001), and all‐cause ED visits (RR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.59; 0.85 p = 0.001).ConclusionThe low‐quality evidence in this analysis suggests an impact of pharmacist‐led medication reviews on drug‐related readmissions and all‐cause ED visits. Few studies reported on adherence and quality of life. More high‐quality randomized clinical trials are needed to assess the impact of pharmacist‐led medication reviews on patient‐relevant outcomes, including adherence and quality of life.
Serum levels of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene in men with hypogonadism on long‐term clomiphene citrate treatment
Authors: Helo Sevann , Mahon Joseph , Ellen Joseph , Wiehle Ron , Fontenot Gregory , Hsu Kuang , Feustel Paul , Welliver Charles , McCullough Andrew 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the relative concentrations of enclomiphene (ENC) and zuclomiphene (ZUC) isomers in men with hypogonadism on long‐term clomiphene citrate (CC) therapy, and to determine whether patient age, body mass index (BMI) or duration of therapy were predictive of relative concentrations of ENC and ZUC.Patients and methodsMen already receiving CC 25 mg daily therapy for secondary hypogonadism for a minimum of 6 weeks were recruited to have their ENC and ZUC levels assessed. Total testosterone, free testosterone, oestradiol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) before initiation of and while on CC therapy were recorded for all patients. Patient demographics including age, BMI and medical comorbidites were recorded. Serum samples were obtained at the time of enrolment to determine ENC and ZUC concentrations.ResultsA total of 15 men were enrolled in the period from June 2015 to August 2015. The median (range) patient age was 36 (22–70) years, BMI 32.0 (21.1–40.3) kg/m2 and duration of treatment 25.9 (1.7–86.6) months. Baseline median total testosterone, oestradiol and LH levels were 205.0 ng/dL, 17.0 pg/mL and 4.0 mlU/mL, respectively. The post‐treatment median total testosterone, oestradiol and LH level increased to 488.0 ng/dL, 34.0 pg/mL and 6.1 mIU/mL, respectively (all P<0.001). The median ENC and ZUC concentrations were 2.2 and 44.0 ng/mL, respectively. After at least 6 weeks of CC therapy, the median ZUC: ENC serum concentration ratio was 20:1. On linear regression analysis. patient age, BMI, duration of treatment and serum testosterone levels were not predictive of ENC or ZUC concentrations.ConclusionsLong‐term CC therapy resulted in a significant alteration of ENC and ZUC concentrations, with ZUC as the predominant isomer. Given the vastly different biochemical and toxicological properties of ENC and ZUC, this study supports the need for the development of a pure selective oestrogen receptor antagonist for the treatment of men with hypogonadism.
Trends in parent‐ and teacher‐rated mental health problems among 10‐ and 11‐year‐olds in Great Britain: 1999–2012
Authors: Gutman Leslie Morrison , Joshi Heather , Parsonage Michael , Schoon Ingrid 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundPrevious evidence indicates that mental health problems are becoming more common for adolescents. Less is known about whether these trends have continued and there has been no study to date which has specifically focused on early adolescents over a sufficiently long period. This study examines changes in parent‐ and teacher‐reported mental health problems among 10‐ and 11‐year‐olds in 1999, 2004 and 2012 in Great Britain.MethodParent and teacher ratings of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were used to compare the prevalence of conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, emotional problems, peer problems and total difficulties among 10‐ and 11‐year‐olds in three nationally representative British samples assessed in 1999 (n = 1904), 2004 (n = 1348) and 2012 (n = 11,397).ResultsTeacher reports showed improving trends for boys’ and girls’ mental health from 1999 to 2012, particularly for externalizing behaviours (i.e. conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention). Parent reports, on the other hand, identified only one area of sustained improvement between 1999 and 2012, namely hyperactivity/inattention among boys. Although parent reports of girls’ mental health indicate improving trends from 1999 to 2004, they also suggest worsening mental health from 2004.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that perceptions of emotional and behavioural problems vary by the gender of the adolescent, the context in which they are observed or by whom they are reported.
Critical Consciousness: A Developmental Approach to Addressing Marginalization and Oppression
Authors: Diemer Matthew A. , Rapa Luke J. , Voight Adam M. , McWhirter Ellen H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGrounded in the theory and pedagogy of Brazilian educator Paulo Freire, critical consciousness (CC) comprises components of critical reflection, critical motivation, and critical action. CC represents marginalized or oppressed people's analysis of societal inequities and their motivation and actions to redress such inequities. In this article, we introduce the theoretical underpinnings of CC, then look at the conceptualization and measurement of CC, and outline traditional and contemporary approaches to fostering CC. We also summarize individual and collective outcomes associated with CC and offer suggestions for researchers and practitioners. Collectively, these insights suggest that CC is an important developmental asset for marginalized youth and communities.
sIgE Ana o 1, 2 and 3 accurately distinguish tolerant from allergic children sensitized to cashew nuts
Authors: van der Valk J. P. M. , Gerth van Wijk R. , Vergouwe Y. , Steyerberg E. W. , Reitsma M. , Wichers H. J. , Savelkoul H. F. J. , Vlieg‐Boerstra B. , de Groot H. , Dubois A. E. J. , de Jong N. W. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge test (DBPCFC) is the gold standard in cashew nut allergy. This test is costly, time consuming and not without side effects. Analysis of IgE reactivity to cashew nut components may reduce the need for food challenge tests.MethodsIn a prospective and multicentre study, children with suspected cashew nut allergy underwent a DBPCFC with cashew nut. Specific IgE to cashew nut and to the components Ana o 1, 2 and 3 were determined. A skin prick test (SPT) with cashew nut extract was performed.The association between the outcome of the food challenge test and specific IgE to Ana o 1, 2 and 3 was assessed with logistic regression analyses, unadjusted and adjusted for other diagnostic variables. Discriminative ability was quantified with a concordance index (c).ResultsA total of 173 children (103 boys, 60%) with a median age of 9 years were included. About 79% had a positive challenge test outcome. A steep rise in the risk of a positive challenge was observed for specific IgE to each individual component Ana o 1, 2 and 3 with estimated risks up to approximately 100%. Median values of Ana o 1, 2, 3 were 1.29 kU/l (range 0–100 kU/l), 4.77 kU/l (range 0–100 kU/l) and 8.33 kU/l (range 0–100 kU/l) respectively and varied significantly (p < 0.001). Specific IgE to Ana o 1, 2 and 3 was better distinguished between cashew‐allergic and tolerant children (c = 0.87, 0.85 and 0.89, respectively) than specific IgE to cashew nut or SPT (c = 0.76 and 0.83, respectively).ConclusionThe major cashew nut allergens Ana o 1, 2 and 3 are each individually predictive for the outcome of food challenge tests in cashew‐allergic children.
Nicolau syndrome and localized panniculitis: a report of dual diagnoses with an emphasis on morphea profunda‐like changes following injection with glatiramer acetate
Authors: Mott Sarah E. , Peña Zachary G. , Spain Rebecca I. , White Kevin P. , Ehst Benjamin D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGlatiramer acetate, given as a 40 mg subcutaneous injection thrice weekly, was recently approved by the FDA based on data suggesting better compliance and a more favorable side effect profile compared to lower dose, daily dosing. The most commonly reported adverse events are transient injection site reactions involving redness and pain at the site; however, more pronounced panniculitis and lipoatrophy have also been reported. Here, we present the case of a 51‐year‐old female treated with higher dose glatiramer acetate who presented with a cutaneous injection site reaction consistent with Nicolau syndrome. The excised specimen revealed typical glatiramer acetate‐associated panniculitis, alongside subcutaneous sclerosis. This case shows the spectrum of cutaneous complications possible with glatiramer acetate injections, the finding of sclerosis being relatively infrequently reported. Given the relatively short duration of trials leading to FDA approval of thrice weekly dosing of glatiramer acetate, clinicians should perform careful clinical and histopathological evaluation and reporting of patients who experience injection site reactions.