bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hylomorphism and the Priority Principle
Authors: Skrzypek Jeremy W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAccording to Jeffrey Brower’s hylomorphic account of material substances, prime matter and substantial forms together compose material substances, and material substances and accidental forms together compose accidental unities. In a recent article, Andrew Bailey has argued that Brower’s account has the counter-intuitive implication that no human person is ever the primary possessor, the primary thinker, of her own thoughts. In this paper, I consider various ways in which Brower might reply to this objection. I first consider several “invariant strategies”, solutions that do not require any significant alteration to Brower’s account. I argue that these strategies are unsuccessful. I then introduce two ways of modifying Brower’s hylomorphic account of material substances so as to avoid Bailey’s objection. I argue that these “variant strategies” are successful, but they require that Brower significantly alter one or more of the main features of his account.
High-response hybrid quantum dots- 2D conductor phototransistors: recent progress and perspectives
Authors: Sablon Kimberly A. , Sergeev Andrei , Najmaei Sina , Dubey Madan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHaving been inspired by the tremendous progress in material nanoscience and device nanoengineering, hybrid phototransistors combine solution processed colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with graphene or two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor materials. Novel detectors demonstrate ultrahigh photoconductive gain, high and selective photoresponse, low noise, and very high responsivity in visible- and near-infrared ranges. The outstanding performance of phototransistors is primarily due to the strong, selective, and size tunable absorption of QDs and fast charge transfer in 2D high mobility conductors. However, the relatively small mobility of QD nanomaterials was a technological barrier, which limited the operating rate of devices. Very recent innovations in detector design and significant progress in QD ligand engineering provide effective tools for further qualitative improvements. This article reviews the recent progress in material science, nanophysics, and device engineering related to hybrid phototransistors. Detectors based on various QD nanomaterials and several 2D conductors are compared, and advantages and disadvantages of various nanomaterials for applications in hybrid phototransistors are identified. We also benchmark the experimental characteristics with model results that establish interrelations and tradeoffs between detector characteristics, such as responsivity, dark and noise currents, the photocarrier lifetime, response, and noise bandwidths. We have shown that the most recent phototransistors demonstrate performance limited by the fundamental generation recombination noise in high gain devices. Interrelation between the dynamic range of the detector and the detector sensitivity is discussed. The review is concluded with a brief discussion of the remaining challenges and possible significant improvements in the performance of hybrid phototransistors.
Fabrication of bilayer resin-bonded fixed abrasive wires using the pultrusion process
Authors: Liou Yi-Shien , Luo Shenq-Yih 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The fabrication of resin-bonded abrasive composite materials with constant cross-section was achieved by wire pultrusion wherein a piano wire of diameter 120 μm used as a core was pulled through a surface pretreatment, resin bath and into a die orifice and oven, where the impregnated resin slurry was cured at a moderate temperature. The bilayer resin-bonded fixed diamond wire with a diameter of about 191–205 μm with an inner layer of phenolic-modified epoxy resin and an outer layer of phenolic resin through the pultrusion method was presented. The results showed that when liquid resin slurry with higher diamond concentration during the pultrusion process was used, a larger wire diameter, less diamond spacing and higher diamond protrusion were obtained.
Effect of the particle diameter of the chemical foaming agent on the foaming process and the cellular structure of one-shot compression molded polyethylene foams
Authors: Tateishi Junichiro , Nishiwaki Tsuyoshi , Sukumaran Sathish K. , Sugimoto Masataka 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We investigated the effect of varying the particle diameter and the particle content of a chemical foaming agent on the foaming process and the cellular structure of one-shot compression molded polyethylene foams. We foamed metallocene linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) crosslinked by dicumyl peroxide using azodicarbonamide (ADCA) as the foaming agent. We used a purpose-built metal mold equipped with a built-in pressure sensor to monitor the time evolution of the cavity pressure. The time dependence of the cavity pressure, which is indicative of the thermal decomposition of the ADCA, was s-shaped. The s-shaped time dependence of the cavity pressure indicates that, after an initial induction phase during which there is no thermal decomposition of the ADCA, the ADCA rapidly decomposes until the reaction is essentially complete. The cavity pressure at saturation, which corresponds to the mass of the generated gas, was linearly proportional to the ADCA content but only weakly dependent on the particle diameter of the ADCA. Upon decreasing the particle diameter of ADCA, rise in the cavity pressure at intermediate times, which indicates the thermal decomposition of the ADCA, began earlier and was faster. The cell size in the final foam decreased with a decrease in the particle diameter of the ADCA. The cell number density in the unfoamed samples (NF
) was proportional to the ADCA particle number density in the unfoamed samples (NC
), with a proportionality constant less than 1. A model for the foaming process where the ADCA particles nucleate cells and the nucleated cells then coalesce, thereby reducing the number of remaining cells, can offer an explanation for the observed proportionality between NF
and NC
and the proportionality constant being less than 1. Furthermore, it is proposed that cell coalescence occurs if the increase in the moduli of the LLDPE due to crosslinking is not sufficient to prevent the coalescence of the cells triggered by the rapid increase in the cavity pressure due to the rapid decomposition of ADCA.
Potential skin involvement in ALS: revisiting Charcot’s observation – a review of skin abnormalities in ALS
Authors: Paré Bastien , Gros-Louis François 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord, leading to progressive paralysis and death. Interestingly, many skin changes have been reported in ALS patients, but never as yet fully explained. These observations could be due to the common embryonic origin of the skin and neural tissue known as the ectodermal germ layer. Following the first observation in ALS patients’ skin by Dr Charcot in the 19th century, in the absence of bedsores unlike other bedridden patients, other morphological and molecular changes have been observed. Thus, the skin could be of interest in the study of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes skin changes reported in the literature over the years and discusses about a novelin vitroALS tissue-engineered skin model, derived from patients, for the study of ALS.
On the Economic Effects of Disobeyed Regulation in Employment Law
Authors: Harel Alon , Procaccia Yuval , Ritov Ilana 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMandatory restrictions in employment law, seeking to promote the welfare of workers, are debated fiercely. Proponents argue that they protect workers. Opponents believe that they spawn inefficiency and harm workers. Yet all agree that restrictions trigger such effects only when obeyed. This Article challenges the conviction that the welfare effects of mandatory restrictions depend on obedience. We show experimentally that when restrictions are disobeyed, workers’ reservation wages rise, i. e., workers charge higher wages when offered employment that violates the restrictions. That, in turn, produces welfare effects similar in nature to those produced when restrictions are obeyed. This observation is therefore important to both proponents and opponents of employment regulation. We establish this claim experimentally by measuring the effects of disobeyed restrictions on workers’ reservation wages. We then investigate several hypotheses as to why these effects are generated. Last, we point out that our findings have important implications in other contexts of contractual regulation, such as in the domain of consumer protection.
Testing for asymmetry in betas of cumulative returns: Impact of the financial crisis and crude oil price
Authors: Kokoszka Piotr , Miao Hong , Zheng Ben 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We introduce a functional factor model to investigate the dependence of cumulative return curves of individual assets on the market and other factors.
We propose a new statistical test to determine whether the dependence in two sample periods are equal.
The statistical properties of the test are established by asymptotic theory and simulations.
We apply this test to study the impact of the recent financial crisis and trends in oil price on individual stock and sector ETFs.
Our analysis reveals the significance of the daily oil futures curves and their different impact on individual stocks and sector ETFs.
It also shows that the functional approach has an information content different from that obtained from scalar factor models for point-to-point returns.
Efficient Removal of Cobalt from Aqueous Solution by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Khezami L. , Taha Kamal K. , Modwi A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This article deals with the removal of cobalt ions using zinc oxide nanopowder. The nanomaterial was prepared via the sol–gel method under supercritical drying. The nanomaterial was characterised via XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and BET surface area techniques. The kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies of the metal ions adsorption on the nanomaterial were conducted in batch mode experiments by varying some parameters such as pH, contact time, initial ion concentrations, nanoparticles dose, and temperature. The data revealed significant dependence of the adsorption process on concentration, and the temperature was found to enhance the adsorption rate indicating an endothermic nature of the adsorption. The adsorption complied well with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The adsorption process was found to match the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The ZnO nanoparticles could successfully remove up to 125 mg·g−1 of Co(II) ions at elevated temperature. The metal ions adsorption could be described as an endothermic, spontaneous physisorption process. A mechanism for the metal ions adsorption was proposed.
Temperature Stress Induced Antioxidative and Biochemical Changes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars
Authors: Sarkar Jayanwita , Chakraborty Bishwanath , Chakraborty Usha 
Published: March 2017

<span lang="EN-IN">The aim of this study is to understand the effect of elevated temperature on wheat seedlings of four cultivars, Gayetri (GY), Gandhari (GN), Kedar (KD), PBW343 in terms of tolerance/susceptibility , along with antioxidative and biochemical responses. For this, seedlings of four cultivars were exposed to different temperatures ranging from 25-40<sup>0</sup>C for six hours. According to heat susceptibility index calculated GN was found to be heat tolerant, PBW343 heat sensitive and the other two, GY and KD moderately tolerant. Exposure to high temperature led to gradual increase in membrane lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide accumulation. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and malonaldehyde accumulated to much higher amount in leaf tissues of PBW343 and GY than GN and KD. Among antioxidative enzymes, catalase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase activity initially increased at 35<sup>0</sup>C, followed by reduced activity under heat stress in all cultivars. However, peroxidase activity continued to increase under heat stress. Total chlorophyll and non enzymatic antioxidant carotenoids, initially increased upto 30<sup>0</sup>C, following which there was gradual decrease in these components. Compatible osmolytes - proline and total sugar level within cellular compartments were enhanced upto 35<sup>0</sup>C. Results suggested that wheat can endure heat induced oxidative stress up to certain period, manifested by elevation of non enzymatic antioxidants and osmo protectants, as well as upregulation of antioxidative enzymes.</span>
MORTALITY OF TROPICAL FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS UNDER WATER AND SALT STRESS CONDITIONS
Authors: SACHAN SHEPHALI , Jain Avinash 
Published: March 2017

<p>Mortality of selected tropical forest tree species seedlings viz. <em>Tectona grandis, Pongamia pinnata</em>, <em>Dalbergia latifolia</em> and <em>Gmelina arborea</em> were tested under water and salt stress conditions for 4 months under nursery stage. Water stress included moderate and severe waterlogging &amp; moderate and severe drought conditions. The salt stress in the soil was maintained to 4, 8 and 12 ds/m. Pot culture experiments with twenty treatment combinations following RBD factorial design were conducted in TFRI Jabalpur nursery. The water equivalent to the field capacity of the soil was provided to the seedlings to maintain waterlogging. The drought condition in polybags was maintained according to Permanent Wilting point (PWP), which was calculated on the basis of Cumulative Pan Evaporation (CPE) values measured through Open Pan Evaporimeter. Mortality of seedlings of the species under study increased with the increase in salt concentration from 4 to 12 ds/m.<em> Gmelina arborea</em> shown 100% mortality in 4ds/m, 8ds/m and 12ds/m concentration of salt. Cumulative effect of salt and waterlogging &amp; salt and drought was found to be more prominent in <em>Gmelina arborea</em> as compare to other three species. <em>Tectona grandis </em>was found to be more tolerable to waterlogged followed by drought conditions<em>. </em> Waterlogging conditions observed to be excellent for <em>Pongamia pinnata</em> seedlings plantation shown 0% mortality. As a whole, the mortality of seedlings due to water and salt stress was found in the order <em>Dalbergia latifolia</em> (90.95%) &gt; <em>Gmelina arborea</em> (82.50%) &gt; <em>Tectona grandis</em> (74%) &gt; <em>Pongamia pinnata</em> (35.56%). </p>
Transformation of Mungbean Plants for Salt and Drought Tolerance by introducing a gene for an osmoprotectant glycine betaine
Authors: Baloda Anila , Madanpotra Seema , Aiwal P.K.J 
Published: March 2017

Mungbean (<em>Vignaradiata</em>L. Wilczek) is an important grain legume widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the Indian subcontinent and in South East Asian countries. Protein and carbohydrate of Mungbean are easily digestible and create less flatulence than proteins derived from other legumes.Mungbean is very sensitive to salinity, drought, high and low temperature during the flowering and seed/pod development stages resulting in heavy losses to productivity. The development of genetically engineered plants by the introduction and/or over expression of selected abiotic stress tolerant genes seems to be a viable option for obtaining improved plants. Stable transformation and expression of transgene (<em>codA</em> gene) was achieved in mungbean through <em>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</em>mediated system using cotyledonary node explants, under the optimized conditions. Molecular analysis of transgenic plants was done by using PCR, DOT-BLOT, ELISA and Western blotting. The primary transformants were checked for salt tolerance by the leaf disc test.
The negative impact of prison work on sleep health
Authors: James Lois , Todak Natalie , Best Suzanne 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of sleep disorders, deprivation, and quality in a sample of prison employees, and investigate the relationship between exposure to work‐related critical incidents and sleep.MethodsWe surveyed 355 Washington State Department of Corrections employees. The survey included the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and the Critical Incident History Questionnaire.ResultsWe found 28% and 45% of the sample reported suffering from Apnea and insomnia, respectively. Over half of the sample reporting sleeping less than 2 h between shifts and being constantly fatigued. We found significant associations between exposure to critical incidents and sleep problems.ConclusionsPrison workers are in desperate need of help to improve their sleep. Our findings suggest the importance of continued investigation of prison worker sleep health using objective measures, toward the development of programs for improving sleep and resilience to critical incidents and stress.
An Optical Actuator Based on Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Containing Temperature‐Memory Semicrystalline Polymers
Authors: Ge Feijie , Lu Xili , Xiang Jun , Tong Xia , Zhao Yue 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPhotoresponsive actuators based on semicrystalline poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) loaded with small amounts of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are described. Upon absorption of light (532 nm), the heat released by the AuNPs raises the temperature in the irradiated region to Tlight to melt crystallites with lower melting temperatures (Tm<Tlight), resulting in a contraction force on the sample sustained by the crystalline skeleton domains with Tm>Tlight . Once the light is turned off, the recrystallization of oriented chains in the actuation domains upon cooling gives rise to an expansion force. We show that the photoinduced contraction force, Tlight , and the speed for reaching Tlight can readily be adjusted, which makes EVA/AuNP a robust, fast optical actuation system tunable in both speed and magnitude. The material design can easily be extended to other temperature‐memory semicrystalline polymers in combination with various light‐absorbing and heat‐generating additives.
Ligandenumlagerungen an Fe/S‐Cofaktoren: langsame Isomerisierung eines biomimetischen [2Fe‐2S]‐Clusters
Authors: Bergner Marie , Roy Lisa , Dechert Sebastian , Neese Frank , Ye Shengfa , Meyer Franc 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLigandenaustauschprozesse spielen eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Biosynthese von Eisen‐Schwefel‐Clustern, vor allem während des Transfers des gebildeten Clusters vom Gerüst‐ zum entsprechenden Zielprotein. Trotz wichtiger Erkenntnisse aus In‐vivo‐ und In‐vitro‐Studien sind die mikroskopischen Details dieses Ligandenaustausches bisher nicht verstanden. Nun konnte die Isomerisierung eines biomimetischen [2Fe‐2S]‐Clusters mit gemischten S/N‐Donorliganden mechanistisch aufgeklärt werden. Dieser Cluster liegt in Lösung in Form zweier geometrischer Isomere vor, und die temperaturabhängige 1H‐NMR‐Spektroskopie lieferte detaillierte Einblicke in den Verlauf der Isomerisierung. Ein kombinierter theoretischer und experimenteller Ansatz zeigt, dass es sich hierbei um einen assoziativen Prozess mit Koordination eines Lösungsmittelmoleküls an eines der beiden Eisen(III)‐Ionen handelt. In der protonierten und der gemischtvalenten Form des Clusters läuft die Isomerisierung um mindestens zwei Größenordnungen schneller ab. Diese Ergebnisse leisten einen Beitrag zum Verständnis von Signalgebungs‐ und Ligandenaustauschprozessen in der Biosynthese von Eisen‐Schwefel‐Cofaktoren.
Dehydrogenative B−H/C(sp3)−H Benzylic Borylation within the Coordination Sphere of Platinum(II)
Authors: Kelly Colin M. , Fuller Jack T. , Macaulay Casper M. , McDonald Robert , Ferguson Michael J. , Bischof Steven M. , Sydora Orson L. , Ess Daniel H. , Stradiotto Mark , Turculet Laura 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe first examples of stoichiometric dehydrogenative B−H/C(sp3)−H benzylic borylation reactions, which are of relevance to catalytic methylarene (di)borylation, are reported. These unusual transformations involving a (κ2‐P,N)Pt(η3‐benzyl) complex, and either pinacolborane or catecholborane, proceed cleanly at room temperature. Density functional calculations suggest that borylation occurs via successive σ‐bond metathesis steps, whereby a PtII−H intermediate engages in C(sp3)−H bond activation‐induced dehydrogenation.
Ligand Rearrangements at Fe/S Cofactors: Slow Isomerization of a Biomimetic [2Fe‐2S] Cluster
Authors: Bergner Marie , Roy Lisa , Dechert Sebastian , Neese Frank , Ye Shengfa , Meyer Franc 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLigand exchange plays an important role in the biogenesis of Fe/S clusters, most prominently during cluster transfer from a scaffold protein to its target protein. Although in vivo and in vitro studies have provided some insight into this process, the microscopic details of the ligand exchange steps are mostly unknown. In this work, the kinetics of the ligand rearrangement in a biomimetic [2Fe‐2S] cluster with mixed S/N capping ligands have been studied. Two geometrical isomers of the cluster are present in solution, and mechanistic insight into the isomerization process was obtained by variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. Combined experimental and computational results reveal that this is an associative process that involves the coordination of a solvent molecule to one of the ferric ions. The cluster isomerizes at least two orders of magnitude faster in its protonated and mixed‐valent states. These findings may contribute to a deeper understanding of cluster transfer and sensing processes occurring in Fe/S cluster biogenesis.
Supported Rhodium Catalysts for Ammonia–Borane Hydrolysis: Dependence of the Catalytic Activity on the Highest Occupied State of the Single Rhodium Atoms
Authors: Wang Liangbing , Li Hongliang , Zhang Wenbo , Zhao Xiao , Qiu Jianxiang , Li Aowen , Zheng Xusheng , Hu Zhenpeng , Si Rui , Zeng Jie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSupported metal nanocrystals have exhibited remarkable catalytic performance in hydrogen generation reactions, which is influenced and even determined by their supports. Accordingly, it is of fundamental importance to determine the direct relationship between catalytic performance and metal–support interactions. Herein, we provide a quantitative profile for exploring metal–support interactions by considering the highest occupied state in single‐atom catalysts. The catalyst studied consisted of isolated Rh atoms dispersed on the surface of VO2 nanorods. It was observed that the activation energy of ammonia–borane hydrolysis changed when the substrate underwent a phase transition. Mechanistic studies indicate that the catalytic performance depended directly on the highest occupied state of the single Rh atoms, which was determined by the band structure of the substrates. Other metal catalysts, even with non‐noble metals, that exhibited significant catalytic activity towards NH3BH3 hydrolysis were rationally designed by adjusting their highest occupied states.
A Structurally Characterized Organometallic Plutonium(IV) Complex
Authors: Apostolidis Christos , Walter Olaf , Vogt Jochen , Liebing Phil , Maron Laurent , Edelmann Frank T. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe blood‐red plutonocene complex Pu(1,3‐COT′′)(1,4‐COT′′) (4; COT′′=η8‐bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclooctatetraenyl) has been synthesized by oxidation of the anionic sandwich complex Li[Pu(1,4‐COT′′)2] (3) with anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride. The first crystal structure determination of an organoplutonium(IV) complex revealed an asymmetric sandwich structure for 4 where one COT′′ ring is 1,3‐substituted while the other retains the original 1,4‐substitution pattern. The electronic structure of 4 has been elucidated by a computational study, revealing a probable cause for the unexpected silyl group migration.