bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualizing subsurface defects in graphite by acoustic atomic force microscopy
Authors: Wang Tian , Ma Chengfu , Hu Wei , Chen Yuhang , Chu Jiaru 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTWe describe a versatile platform, which combines atomic force acoustic microscopy, ultrasonic atomic force microscopy and heterodyne force microscopy. The AFM system can enable in‐situ switching among these operation modes flexibly and thus benefit the discrimination of differences in mechanical properties and buried subsurface nanostructures. We demonstrate the potential of this platform for visualizing the subsurface defects of graphite. Our results show that tiny topographic edges are enhanced in acoustic oscillation signals whilst embedded defects and inhomogeneous in mechanical properties are made clearly distinguishable. The possibility of detecting subsurface defects in few‐layer graphene is further discussed with first‐principles calculations. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:66–74, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coping with Guilt: The Roles of Rumination and Positive Reappraisal in the Effects of Postconsumption Guilt
Authors: Saintives Camille , Lunardo Renaud 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis article investigates how consumers regulate their postconsumption guilt and rumination through positive reappraisal and the effects of this regulating process on satisfaction. Two studies conducted in different contexts and using different methods show that positive reappraisal increases with rumination and guilt but more strongly when guilt is low (vs. high). Results also reveal the mediating effect of positive reappraisal on the guilt–satisfaction relationship such that people feeling guilty and engaging in positive reappraisal exhibit lower satisfaction with their consumption. Further, this mediating effect is moderated by rumination, such that positive reappraisal mediates the indirect effect of guilt only when rumination is low.
Me, Myself, and Future Generations: The Role of Affinity and Effectiveness in the Creation of Consumer Environmental Stewardship (CENS)
Authors: Hensen Niek , Keeling Debbie I. , de Ruyter Ko , Wetzels Martin 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPolicymakers, consumer advocate groups, and researchers agree that consumers need to increase their proenvironmental behaviors if a decent standard of living is to be ensured for future generations. Despite high levels of environmental concern, consumers still refrain from large‐scale adoption of proenvironmental behaviors. Social marketers agree that a change in attitudes is not enough to stimulate the necessary behavioral change and are looking for ways to help consumers overcome the costs (e.g., price premiums, inconvenience) that are often associated with proenvironmental behaviors. Currently, consumers often see proenvironmental behavior as a trade‐off between short‐term personal benefits and longer term collective benefits. The authors contribute to the social marketing literature on proenvironmental behavior by introducing the concept of Consumer Environmental Stewardship (CENS), which centers on the use of intrinsic motivation to stimulate a personal sense of responsibility for the environment. The findings, based on a survey and three experiments, show that the stimulation of consumers’ affinity with future generations (AFGs) and perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) can help to promote CENS, which in turn raises proenvironmental behaviors. However, this research also shows that increasing levels of AFGs can backfire and result in lower levels of CENS, if consumers experience low levels of PCE.
Role of physical activity and sleep duration in growth and body composition of preschool‐aged children
Authors: Butte Nancy F. , Puyau Maurice R. , Wilson Theresa A. , Liu Yan , Wong William W. , Adolph Anne L. , Zakeri Issa F. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveThe impact of physical activity patterns and sleep duration on growth and body composition of preschool‐aged children remains unresolved. Aims were (1) to delineate cross‐sectional associations among physical activity components, sleep, total energy expenditure (TEE), and body size and composition; and (2) to determine whether physical activity components, sleep, and TEE predict 1‐year changes in body size and composition in healthy preschool‐aged children.MethodsAnthropometry, body composition, accelerometry, and TEE by doubly labeled water were measured at baseline; anthropometry and body composition were repeated 1 year later (n = 111).ResultsCross‐sectionally, positive associations between sedentary activity and weight and fat‐free mass (FFM) (P = 0.009‐0.047), and a negative association between moderate‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and percent fat mass (FM) (P = 0.015) were observed. TEE and activity energy expenditure (AEE) were positively associated with weight, body mass index (BMI), FFM, and FM (P = 0.0001‐0.046). Prospectively, TEE, AEE, physical activity level, and MVPA, but not sedentary activity, were positively associated with changes in BMI (P = 0.0001‐0.051) and FFM (P = 0.0001‐0.037), but not percent FM. Sleep duration inversely predicted changes in FM (P = 0.005) and percent FM (P = 0.006).ConclusionsProspectively, MVPA, TEE, AEE, and physical activity level promote normal growth and accretion of FFM, whereas sleep duration inversely predicts changes in adiposity in preschool‐aged children.
The Effect of Additives on the Burning Rate of Silicon‐Calcium Sulfate Pyrotechnic Delay Compositions
Authors: Tichapondwa Shepherd M. , Focke Walter W. , Del Fabbro Olinto , Labuschagne George 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe effect of fuel particle size as well as the influence of inert and reactive additives on the burning rate of the Si‐CaSO4 composition was evaluated. The burning rate decreased with increase in fuel particle size, while the enthalpy remained constant. Addition of fuels to the base composition increased the burning rate, with an increase from 12.5 mm ⋅ s−1 to 43 mm ⋅ s−1 being recorded upon 10 wt‐% Al addition. Ternary mixtures of silicon, calcium sulfate, and an additional oxidizer generally decreased the burning rate, with the exception of bismuth trioxide, where it increased. The Si‐CaSO4 formulation was found to be sensitive to the presence of inert material, addition of as little as 1 wt‐% fumed silica stifled combustion in the aluminum tubes.
Estimating Key Largo woodrat abundance using spatially explicit capture–recapture and trapping point transects
Authors: Potts Joanne M. , Buckland Stephen T. , Thomas Len , Savage Anne 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe Key Largo woodrat (Neotoma floridana smalli) is an endangered rodent with a restricted geographic range and small population size. Establishing an efficient monitoring program of its abundance has been problematic; previous trapping designs have not worked well because the species is sparsely distributed. We compared Key Largo woodrat abundance estimates in Key Largo, Florida, USA, obtained using trapping point transects (TPT) and spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) based on statistical properties, survey effort, practicality, and cost. Both methods combine aspects of distance sampling with capture–recapture, but TPT relies on radiotracking individuals to estimate detectability and SECR relies on repeat capture information to estimate densities of home ranges. Abundance estimates using TPT in the spring of 2007 and 2008 were 333 woodrats (CV = 0.46) and 696 (CV = 0.43), respectively. Abundance estimates using SECR in the spring, summer, and winter of 2007 were 97 (CV = 0.31), 334 (CV = 0.26), and 433 (CV = 0.20) animals, respectively. Trapping point transects used approximately 960 person‐hours and 1,010 trap‐nights/season. Spatially explicit capture–recapture used approximately 500 person‐hours and 6,468 trap‐nights/season. Significant time was saved in the SECR survey by setting large numbers of traps close together, minimizing time walking between traps. Trapping point transects were practical to implement in the field, and valuable auxiliary information on Key Largo woodrat behavior was obtained via radiocollaring. In this particular study, detectability of the woodrat using TPT was very low and consequently the SECR method was more efficient. Both methods require a substantial investment in survey effort to detect any change in abundance because of large uncertainty in estimates. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler indices and clinical application at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
Authors: Seffah Joseph D. , Swarray‐Deen Alim 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine normal ranges for various Doppler flow velocity indices of the fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) and their trends in normal pregnancies at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in 2015. Included women had a singleton pregnancy of 20–40 weeks' duration, dated using an early ultrasonography scan, and normal fetal growth. Interviews were conducted to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, followed by Doppler ultrasonography of the MCA. The resistive index, pulsatility index, systolic‐to‐diastolic ratio, and peak systolic velocity of the MCA were determined for all participants.ResultsOverall, 458 pregnant women were recruited. The peak systolic velocity increased with advancing gestational age and a positive correlation of r = 0.725 (P < 0.001) was demonstrated between the peak systolic velocity and the gestational age. The resistive index, pulsatility index, and systolic‐to‐diastolic ratio of the MCA decreased with advancing gestational age in a parabolic pattern.ConclusionThe reference curve for the peak systolic velocity increases with gestational age, whereas the other indices decrease in a parabolic pattern.
Diagnostic value of amniotic fluid inflammatory biomarkers for subclinical chorioamnionitis
Authors: Liu Yinglin , Liu Yukun , Du Chuying , Zhang Rui , Feng Ziya , Zhang Jianping 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the value of measuring amniotic fluid inflammatory biomarkers for diagnosis of subclinical chorioamnionitis.MethodsA prospective study was conducted among pregnant women with cervical dilation, preterm premature rupture of membranes, threatened late abortion, or threatened premature labor who attended a tertiary care hospital in Guangzhou, China, between June 1, 2012, and January 31, 2014. Participants were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of subclinical chorioamnionitis. Surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy (SELDI‐TOF‐MS) was used to detect human neutrophil defensins (HNP‐1 and HNP‐2), calgranulins A (S100 A8), and calgranulins C (S100 A12) in amniocentesis samples.ResultsOverall, 22 patients had subclinical chorioamnionitis and 17 patients did not. Positive test results for HNP‐2 were noted for more patients with subclinical chorioamnionitis than for those without for HNP‐2 (19 [86%] vs 2 [12%]; P < 0.001), HNP‐1 (19 [86%] vs 5 [29%]; P = 0.001), S100 A12 (20 [91%] vs 9 [53%]; P = 0.011), and S100 A8 (12 [55%] vs 0; P < 0.001). When three or four of these biomarkers were present, the accuracy for a diagnosis of subclinical chorioamnionitis was 89.7%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 81.8%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 81.0%, respectively.ConclusionDetection of inflammatory biomarkers in the amniotic fluid by SELDI‐TOF‐MS exhibited high diagnostic accuracy for subclinical chorioamnionitis.
Neuropathologic differences by race from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center
Authors: Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Besser Lilah M. , Crook Julia E. , Kukull Walter A. , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionCompared to Caucasians, African Americans (AAs) have higher dementia prevalence, different genetic markers, and higher vascular risk factors. However, pathologic underpinnings are unknown.MethodsWe used neuropathologic and clinical data on 110 AA and 2500 Caucasians who were demented before death. The groups were compared regarding demographics, cognition, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, comorbidities, and clinical and neuropathologic characteristics.ResultsAA and Caucasians differed in their demographics, cognition at the last visit before death, APOE genotype, presence of hypertension, primary clinical diagnoses, and AD, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and other neuropathologies such as Lewy body disease (LBD).DiscussionAD, LBD, and CVD pathology were more common and TDP and frontotemporal lobar degeneration–tau less common in AA than in Caucasians. APOE accounted for most of the AD neuropathologic differences. If replicated, the observed differences in underlying neuropathology by race will be important for public health policy and recruitment for and interpreting of clinical trials.
What Happened to Our Environment and Mental Health as a Result of Hurricane Sandy?
Authors: Lin Shao , Lu Yi , Justino John , Dong Guanghui , Lauper Ursula 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis study describes findings of the impacts of Hurricane Sandy on environmental factors including power outages, air quality, water quality, and weather factors and how these affected mental health during the hurricane.MethodsAn ecological study was conducted at the county level to describe changes in environmental factors—especially power outages—and their relationships to emergency department (ED) visits for mental health problems by use of a Poisson regression model.ResultsWe found that many environmental hazards occurred as co-exposures during Hurricane Sandy in addition to flooding. Mental health ED visits corresponded with the peak of maximum daily power blackouts, with a 3-day lag, and were positively associated with power blackouts in Bronx (prevalence ratio [PR]: 8.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–61.42) and Queens (PR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.05–5.82) counties. A possible dose-response relationship was found between the quantile of maximum blackout percentage and the risk of mental health in the Bronx.ConclusionWe found that multiple co-environmental hazards occurred during Hurricane Sandy, especially power blackouts that mediated this disaster’s impacts. The effects of power outage on mental health had large geographic variations and were substantial, especially in communities with low sociodemographic status. These findings may provide new insights for future disaster response and preparedness efforts. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:314–319)
The 12-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule II as an outcome measure for treatment of common mental disorders
Authors: Thomas C.C. , Rathod S.D. , De Silva M.J. , Weiss H.A. , Patel V. 
Published: April 2016

Background.Common mental disorders (CMD) are among the most significant contributors to disability worldwide. Patient-reported disability outcomes should be included as a key metric in the comparative assessment of value across global mental health interventions. This study aims to evaluate the validity of a widely used, cross-cultural tool – the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS) – as a functional outcome measure for CMD treatment.Methods.The study population includes 1024 participants with CMD enrolled in the MANAS trial in India. CMD was assessed using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). Disability was assessed using the 12-item WHODAS II plus a measure of disability days. This analysis presents the correlations between these disability items and CMD symptom severity at 2 months after enrollment (convergent validity) and the items’ associations with CMD recovery 4 months later (external responsiveness).Results.All items showed a positive correlation of disability with CMD symptom severity (p < 0.001). The WHODAS items of ‘standing,’ ‘household responsibilities,’ and ‘emotional disturbance’ explained the most variance in CMD symptom severity. Improvements in ‘disability days,’ ‘emotional disturbance,’ ‘standing,’ ‘household responsibilities,’ ‘day-to-day work,’ and ‘concentrating’ were significantly associated with CMD recovery over follow-up.Conclusions.Further research is recommended on a CMD-specific WHODAS subscale comprised of the six WHODAS items found to be most strongly associated with CMD severity and recovery. This shorter, CMD-specific disability subscale would critically serve as a common metric to compare intervention impact on patient-centered outcomes and, in turn, to allocate global mental health resources efficiently.
Age and geochemistry of the Zhaheba ophiolite complex in eastern Junggar of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB): implications for the accretion process of the Junggar terrane
Authors: YE XIAN-TAO , ZHANG CHUAN-LIN , ZOU HAI-BO , YAO CHUN-YAN , DONG YONG-GUAN 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe report new field observations, zircon U–Pb ages and geochemical data for the discrete members of the Zhaheba ophiolite complex in northeastern Junggar of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) with the aim to understand the accretion process of the eastern Junggar terrane. The zircon age data reveal that the cumulates of the Zhaheba ophiolite crystallized at ~485 Ma while the volcanic sequences erupted at ~400 Ma. Thus, the volcanic sequences are not members of the Zhaheba ophiolite. Chromian spinels from the serpentinite have comparable elemental compositions to those of spinels from MORB-type ophiolites. Similarly, the rift affinity of clinopyroxene and positive zirconεHf(t) (13–20) and mantleδ18O (+5.37‰) values of the cumulates imply that the cumulates crystallized from primitive magmas derived from a depleted mantle source. Elemental and Nd isotopic compositions indicate that the basalts in the Zhaheba area were derived from partial melting of a mantle wedge metasomatized by adakitic melts and/or subduction-related fluids. The data presented in this contribution, together with previous studies, indicate that the Zhaheba–Almantai and Kelameili ophiolites were MORB-type, which implies that there were at least two mid-ocean ridges during Ordovician to early Devonian times in the Junggar Ocean. In the earlier stage, intra-oceanic subduction led to the formation of the intra-oceanic arc, and then the Kelameili ophiolite accreted to an intra-oceanic accretionary wedge. In the later stage, the Zhaheba–Almantai ophiolite accreted to the accretionary wedge along the southern margin of the Iritish suture zone during the roll-back of the subduction zone from north to south.
LOW FERTILITY INTENTION IN TEHRAN, IRAN: THE ROLE OF ATTITUDES, NORMS AND PERCEIVED BEHAVIOURAL CONTROL
Authors: Erfani Amir 
Published: April 2016

SummaryPersistent low fertility rates are an increasing concern for countries with low fertility like Iran. Informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour, this study examined the immediate factors influencing fertility intentions, using data from the 2012 Tehran Survey of Fertility Intentions. The findings show that more than half of young married adults in Tehran intend to have no more children. The multivariate analysis results indicate that individuals who view childbearing as being detrimental to their personal life, feel less normative pressure to have a/another child, and believe their childbearing decision is not contingent on the presence of economic resources required for childbearing, are more likely to want no (more) children or to be unsure rather than to want a/another child. Attitudes and normative pressure are dominant factors influencing the intention to have a first child, while the intention to have a second child is mainly affected by attitudes and perceived constraints. The policy implications of the results are discussed.
Morphometric and molecular analyses of two digenean species in mugilid fish: Lecithaster mugilis Yamaguti, 1970 from Vietnam and L. sudzuhensis n. sp. from southern Russian Far East
Authors: Besprozvannykh V.V. , Atopkin D.M. , Ngo H.D. , Ermolenko A.V. , Van Ha N. , Van Tang N. , Beloded A.Y. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAdult Lecithaster mugilis Yamaguti, 1970 were found in Moolgarda seheli, Valamugil engeli and Liza subviridis in the coastal waters of Cat Ba Island (Halong Bay, Vietnam). Specimens of Lecithaster sudzuhensis n. sp. were found in Mugil cephalus located in an estuary of the Kievka River in the Primorsky region of Russia. Studies have demonstrated that these species share significant morphometric similarities with each other and with specimens of L. helodes Overstreet, 1973 isolated from M. cephalus and Mugil curema from the Mississippi Sound and adjacent waters. These three species differ from one another in the size of the pharynx and ventral sucker and in the ratio of suckers, while they differ from other species in the genus by having a relatively elongated oesophagus. Molecular analysis, using the 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes, confirmed the validity of L. mugilis and L. sudzuhensis n. sp. and demonstrated that these species form a shared cluster with L. gibbosus (Rud, 1802).
The Economies of Love: Love marriage, kin support, and aspiration in a South Indian garment city
Authors: DE NEVE GEERT 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe article considers narratives and experiences of love marriage in the garment city of Tiruppur in Tamil Nadu, South India. As a booming centre of garment production, Tiruppur attracts a diverse migrant workforce of young men and women who have plenty of opportunity to fall in love and enter marriages of their own making. Based on long-term ethnographic research, the article explores what love marriages mean to those involved, how they are experienced and talked about, and how they shape postmarital lives. Case studies reveal that a discourse of loss of postmarital kin support is central to evaluations of love marriages by members of Tiruppur's labouring classes. Such marriages not only flout parental authority and often cross caste and religious boundaries, but they also jeopardize the much-needed kin support youngsters require to fulfil aspirations of mobility, entrepreneurship, and success in a post-liberalization environment. It is argued that critical evaluations of love marriages not only disrupt modernist assumptions of linear transformations in marital practices, but they also constitute a broader critique of the neoliberal celebration of the ‘individual’ while reaffirming the continued importance of caste endogamy, parental involvement, and kin support to success in India's post-reform economy.
Intimate Transgressions and Communalist Narratives: Inter-religious romance in a divided Gujarat
Authors: HEITMEYER CAROLYN 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this article, I examine the seeming paradox of Hindu–Muslim romantic affairs in the wider context of communalism in Gujarat in the wake of the 2002 anti-Muslim violence. At the outset, such affairs appear to embody the most extreme form of taboo, both in their defiance of conventional arranged marriage systems (where caste endogamy and shared religious affiliation play a paramount role) as well as in the wider socio-political context in which Hindus and Muslims are viewed as irreconcilable enemies, or at least oppositional in lifestyle, beliefs, and values. Yet, while media reports in recent years have highlighted similar cases of transgressive liaisons elsewhere in India which have been met with extreme violence, the couplings which I describe in this article, are in practice tolerated by kin and neighbours as an ‘open secret’ which, while public knowledge, has not incurred strong retribution. While love has often been presented as a force for emancipation from the constraints of social conventions and norms in the popular media, I argue that this ‘toleration’ of inter-religious liaisons in the cases I describe suggests the very opposite: namely, that they do not present a significant challenge to entrenched social divisions at the local level.