bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PolyCitrulline Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode as a Voltammetric Sensor for the Simultaneous Determination of Metabolic Syndrome Biomarkers-Uric Acid and Tyramine
Authors: Sam Sonia , Chandran Amoolya , Girish Kumar K. 
Published: October 2024

This article describes the development of a simple and sensitive voltammetric sensor for the simultaneous determination of Uric acid (UA) and Tyramine (TYM), which act as metabolic syndrome (Mts) biomarkers. The electropolymer of the naturally occurring amino acid citrulline (Cit) has been employed as the electrode modifier in this sensor. Glassy carbon electrode modified with poly citrulline has been characterized with the aid of techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and SEM-energy dispersive X-ray analysis, surface area calculations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Studies were carried out to optimize parameters like the cycles of polymerisation, supporting electrolyte and its pH. The sensor which offers fast determination of the analytes using square wave voltammetry possesses a limit of detection 1.32 × 10−8 M and 4.20 × 10−8 M for UA and TYM, respectively. The applicability of the sensor in body fluids has been proved through spike recovery analysis in artificial blood serum and urine samples. Interference on the voltammetric signals created by some dominant coexisting species of the analytes was found to be tolerable.
Computationally Optimized Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensor with Enhanced Signal Stability for the Determination of the Antimicrobial Agent 9-aminoacridine
Authors: Saad Martin N. , Marzouk Hoda M. , Amer Sawsan M. , El-Sherbiny Ibrahim M. , Mahmoud Amr M. 
Published: October 2024

A hydrophobic aryl diazonium salt has been synthesized from 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline and utilized to covalently modify graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes. The modified nanomaterials were applied on a screen-printed electrode/ion sensing membrane interface resulting in reduced potential drift to 100 μV h−1 compared to control sensors. Characterization was achieved through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrode’s response was optimized using response surface methodology and then utilized for determination of 9-Aminoacridine (9-AA) in pharmaceutical gel dosage form and spiked human plasma without prior extraction steps. 9-AA is a fluorescent dye with antimicrobial activity that eradicates a range of microorganisms that can cause oral sores or broken skin and it has been recently used as anticancer among other uses as fluorescent dye and pH indicator. Accurate determination of 9-AA could help in adjusting dosages for each application. The optimized sensor was validated per IUPAC guidelines and obtained a wide linearity range from 1.0 × 10–7 M to 1.0 × 10–2 M, correlation coefficient of 0.9997, improved Nernstian slope 59.72, long term stability, and lower limit of detection (9.0 × 10–8 M). Furthermore, Analytical Eco-scale and AGREE methods were utilized to evaluate the presented method’s greenness.
Review—Recent Developments in Low Temperature Wafer Level Metal Bonding for Heterogenous Integration
Authors: Wernicke T. , Rebhan B. , Vuorinen V. , Paulasto-Kröckel M. , Dubey V. , Diex K. , Wünsch D. , Baum M. , Wiemer M. , Tanaka S. , Froemel J. , Aasmundtveit K. E. , Nguyen H.-V. , Dragoi V. 
Published: October 2024

An overview of various low-temperature (<200 °C) wafer bonding processes using metal interlayers is presented. Such processes are very attractive for novel applications in 3D heterogenous packaging as the allow for simultaneous formation of electrical interconnects, as well as hermetic encapsulation of various sensors and microelectromechanical systems-based devices. Metal wafer bonding is a generic category of processes consisting of various sub-categories, each one defined by the different principles governing the process. One can differentiate between eutectic wafer bonding (a eutectic alloy is formed as bonding layer during the process by liquid-solid interdiffusion), intermetallic wafer bonding (an intermetallic alloy is formed as bonding layer during the process by solid-liquid interdiffusion, a process known also as solid liquid intermetallic diffusion transient liquid phase, and metal thermo-compression wafer bonding. Different critical/gating parameters were investigated and their impact for generally reducing processing temperatures for the different metal bonding systems was studied.
Chunk Duration Limits the Learning of Multiword Chunks: Behavioral and Electroencephalography Evidence from Statistical Learning
Authors: Henke Lena , Meyer Lars 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Language comprehension involves the grouping of words into larger multiword chunks. This is required to recode information into sparser representations to mitigate memory limitations and counteract forgetting. It has been suggested that electrophysiological processing time windows constrain the formation of these units. Specifically, the period of rhythmic neural activity (i.e., low-frequency neural oscillations) may set an upper limit of 2–3 sec. Here, we assess whether learning of new multiword chunks is also affected by this neural limit. We applied an auditory statistical learning paradigm of an artificial language while manipulating the duration of to-be-learned chunks. Participants listened to isochronous sequences of disyllabic pseudowords from which they could learn hidden three-word chunks based on transitional probabilities. We presented chunks of 1.95, 2.55, and 3.15 sec that were created by varying the pause interval between pseudowords. In a first behavioral experiment, we tested learning using an implicit target detection task. We found better learning for chunks of 2.55 sec as compared to longer durations in line with an upper limit of the proposed time constraint. In a second experiment, we recorded participants' electroencephalogram during the exposure phase to use frequency tagging as a neural index of statistical learning. Extending the behavioral findings, results show a significant decline in neural tracking for chunks exceeding 3 sec as compared to both shorter durations. Overall, we suggest that language learning is constrained by endogenous time constraints, possibly reflecting electrophysiological processing windows.
Fine Granularity Is Critical for Intelligent Neural Network Pruning
Authors: Heyman Alex , Zylberberg Joel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Neural network pruning is a popular approach to reducing the computational costs of training and/or deploying a network and aims to do so while minimizing accuracy loss. Pruning methods that remove individual weights (fine granularity) can remove more total network parameters before reaching a given degree of accuracy loss, while methods that preserve some or all of a network’s structure (coarser granularity, such as pruning channels from a CNN) take better advantage of hardware and software optimized for dense matrix computations. We compare intelligent iterative pruning using several different criteria sampled from the literature against random pruning at initialization across multiple granularities on two different architectures and three image classification tasks. Our work is the first direct and comprehensive investigation of the relationship between granularity and the efficacy of intelligent pruning relative to a random-pruning baseline. We find that the accuracy advantage of intelligent over random pruning decreases dramatically as granularity becomes coarser, with minimal advantage for intelligent pruning at granularity coarse enough to fully preserve network structure. For instance, at pruning rates where random pruning leaves ResNet-20 at 85.0% test accuracy on CIFAR-10 after 30,000 training iterations, intelligent weight pruning with the best-in-context criterion leaves it at about 90.0% accuracy (on par with the unpruned network), kernel pruning leaves it at about 86.5%, and channel pruning leaves it at about 85.5%. Our results suggest that compared to coarse pruning, fine pruning combined with efficient implementation of the resulting networks is a more promising direction for easing the trade-off between high accuracy and low computational cost.
A Survey of Climate Change Law in the United Kingdom
Authors: Muinzer Thomas L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A detailed summative statement of the law of climate change in the United Kingdom has yet to be brought together in the legal literature. This article fills the gap by drawing UK climate change law together into an article-length outline. The law is current to 4 July 2024, when the British Conservative Party, which had been in government for fourteen consecutive years, lost to Labour in a general election.
Aḥmad al-Ghazālī’s al-Tajrīd fī Kalimat al-Tawḥīd: “A Primer on the Statement of Tawḥīd”
Authors: Lumbard Joseph E. B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article presents an introduction to and the first complete English translation of Aḥmad al-Ghazālī’s (d. 517/1123 or 520/1126), al-Tajrīd fī kalimat al-tawḥīd, his most widely received Arabic text. The title has a double entendre, meaning both “A Primer on the Statement of Tawḥīd,” and “Disengaging Through the Statement of Tawḥīd.” It is designed to serve both purposes. The first half provides a spiritual typography, juxtaposing “the people of grace” (ahl al-faḍl) to “the people of justice” (ahl al-ʿadl). The former are those who maintain their covenant with God and follow the Prophet Muhammad. The latter are those who break the covenant and follow Iblīs. The second half guides aspirants through the levels of spiritual development and the corresponding modes of remembrance (dhikr), detailing three modes of dhikr – lā ilāha illa Llāh (No god, but God), Allāh, and huwa huwa (He, He). These correspond to three levels within the human being, the heart (al-qalb), the spirit (al-rūḥ), and the secret (al-sirr). The goal is to provide an overview of the means whereby one can disengage from the blameworthy inclinations of their soul through the progressive levels of dhikr until the secret predominates over the spirit and the spirit predominates over the heart, such that one is able to focus solely upon God.
If Not For-If It Weren’t/Wasn’t For Counterfactual Constructions: A Multivariate Extension of Collostructional Analysis
Authors: Martínez Jesús Olguín , Gries Stefan Th. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The present paper investigates if not for-if it weren’t/wasn’t for constructions in American English based on the analysis of more than 2,100 constructions extracted from The Corpus of Contemporary American English (coca). In analyzing these constructions, we focus on significant interdependencies between the slots of the protasis (i.e. animacy of the referent of the np) and apodosis (i.e. semantics of the verb lemma) and how these cross-clausal associations interact with other linguistic variables, such as the polarity of the apodosis. We apply a new multivariate extension of collostructional analysis that combines distinctive and (co-varying) collexeme analysis via a hierarchical configural frequency analysis. This allows the analyst to identify associations not just of one slot to a construction or one slot to one other slot in one construction, but to include other features to identify (i) which constructions are preferred by which fillers in, now, one or more slots of one construction and (ii) which constructions are preferred by which (combinations) of one or more fillers.
Aspectual Coercion and Lexical Semantics
Authors: Michaelis Laura Adrienne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In many traditions of aspectual analysis, verbs (or, rather, predications) are sorted into Aristotelian types, and grammatical aspects are seen as operators that (a) take tenseless propositions as arguments and (b) change the eventuality type of the proposition. This tradition tells us little about how state and action clauses mean what they mean, because it does not explain how aspectual markers affect the meanings of verbs with which they combine. In the present framework, aspectually sensitive constructions selectively bind to componential verb representations, permuting them. In part 1 of this series (Michaelis, 2022), I argued that by viewing such permutations as operations on a verb’s Aktionsart structure, we can explain the relationship between input and output situation types of aspectual mappings effected by verbal morphosyntax. In this article, part 2, I apply this framework to type shifts performed by the English Perfect and Progressive constructions, as well as past and present tenses.
4. Debating the Noise
Authors: Janković-Beguš Jelena 
Published: October 2024

I examine the reception of Xenakis's music in Serbia and its capital city of Belgrade, during the period when this republic was a constituent of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). The critical texts which are examined here encompass a period of nearly three decades, from the early 1960s until the end of the 1980s. This timeframe was chosen because the beginning of the 1990s marked the onset of dissolution of the SFR Yugoslavia and a profound change in the cultural landscape in Serbia. Generally speaking, the musical establishment in post-WWII Serbia failed to develop a particular liking to avant-garde music, even at the period of its greatest flourishing in Western European countries. Serialism, in particular, was never really accepted by the vast majority of Serbian composers, while the compositional techniques of the so-called ‘Polish School’ were assimilated to a certain extent, although they were usually combined with other, more traditional approaches to music composition. Serbian composers’ mistrust of the avant-garde was a reflection of the overall artistic climate in Belgrade which was much more inclined towards syntheses of the past and the future than towards radical denial of the past in favor of the future.
These overall standpoints of the Serbian musical establishment in the second-half of the 20th Century can be observed in the critical thought of the time, and they are clearly visible in the attitudes towards the music of Iannis Xenakis. While Xenakis himself did not actually belong to any of the predominant currents of the European avant-garde music (serial, aleatoric), nor was he close to the American experimental current (represented by John Cage and his followers), he was nevertheless perceived in Belgrade as the exemplary European avant-garde composer. Hence, the reception of his music in Serbia was for a long time largely negative, with more favorable opinions about his music expressed only from the 1980s onwards.
9. Iannis Xenakis’s Philosophy of Music, Stochastics, and the Postmodern Sublime
Authors: Friedman Nathan 
Published: October 2024

In his writings and compositions from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s, Iannis Xenakis makes clear his intent to compose music that escapes the inherited structures of the Western tradition. As a way to achieve this goal, he uses stochastic techniques in order to uproot listeners’ expectations, but in a manner more attuned to the psychology of listening than his serialist contemporaries.
One of his chief concerns is the hierarchy of temporalities as experienced by the listener and manipulated by the composer, a hierarchy whose levels range from the length of an entire piece down to microscopic sonic ‘grains’. His usage of stochastic techniques muddies the distinction between these temporal levels, disorienting the listener on multiple timescales. Such a state of disorientation, where one is unable to predict the course of a work, is a hallmark of what Jean-François Lyotard calls the ‘postmodern’ sublime, which is produced by avant-garde artistic works that, like those of Xenakis, eschew received models and notions of representation or allusion.
Drawing on scholarship by Brian Kane, I argue that Lyotard’s postmodern sublime is precisely what Xenakis aims to produce in his stochastic works, and that it acts as a preliminary mode of both composition and reception, helping composer and listener to break free from traditional constraints. This process allows for the production of new compositional structures and modes of reception, radically expanding musical possibilities.
26. Creating and Learning with UPIC
Authors: Shimazu Takehito 
Published: October 2024

‘The reason why we need to study pedagogy is because we have forgotten our childhood’.
I remember these words that a professor lecturing on music education spoke in a class while I was studying at university. Throughout my life, they became very important and significant for me. In the 1970’s UPIC was born as an embodiment of Iannis Xenakis’s new compositional techniques, coupled with his comprehensive scientific thinking. This system not only became a convenient tool for creation, but it was also extremely useful as an educational device that allowed children to freely create music using this system. It allowed children to feel close to creation and took into account children's perspectives and their wishes. In this chapter, I mention the possibilities created by the UPIC and new possibilities that are questioned today and in the future, both in the context of music creation and that of music education. Concretely, in the 1990s, through the creation of my own works, considering its version at that time, I will discuss the implementations I made and the possibilities experienced when I was actually in front of UPIC. I will also address future possibilities of music production that Xenakis dreamed of, and at the same time, discuss the meaning and possibilities of using this system for education in the future.
Unveiling Kerala’s Distinct Urbanisation: A Comparative Analysis within India
Authors: V Arya , C A Rejuna 
Published: October 2024

Urbanisation is a pivotal demographic transformation that characterised the twentieth century, serving as a crucial indicator of modernisation intimately intertwined with economic growth and development. Significantly, in its journey as a developing nation, India is witnessing a rapid surge in urbanisation, a trend that surpassed expectations, as evidenced by the 2011 Census. The surge in India’s urban population is primarily attributed to a combination of net rural–urban reclassification and rural-to-urban migration. It is essential to recognise the distinctive nature of Kerala in this context, as the state diverges significantly from the patterns observed in other regions. The urbanisation unfolding in Kerala is not confined solely to designated towns and cities; instead, the entire state portrays a nuanced urban–rural continuum. In this study, an exploration is undertaken to dissect the trends and patterns of urbanisation in Kerala, delving into its unique characteristics and associated challenges based on data provided by the Census of India. Regression analysis is used to determine the factors that contribute to Kerala’s urbanisation, which shows that urbanisation process is influenced by a complex interplay of financial, economic and demographic factors. Over the decade, banking has become a crucial driver of urbanisation, highlighting its growing role in supporting urban growth and development. In contrast, the significance of investment in small-scale industries/micro, small and medium enterprises has diminished by 2011, suggesting shifts in the economic landscape and pointing to the rising importance of services and remittances as sources of urban expansion. Household dynamics, consistently significant in both years, emphasise the critical role of population changes and family structures in shaping urbanisation trends. Despite the continuous rise in urbanisation rates, there persists a noticeable sluggishness in development, especially regarding the provision of essential amenities. This aspect necessitates focused policy attention to address the challenges accompanying Kerala’s evolving urban landscape. JEL Codes: O18, R23, R12
A Rare Case Report on Definitive Radiotherapy in Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Eyelid
Authors: Ajith Kesav , Rathnadevi R. , Subathira B. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Sebaceous carcinomas are rare but potentially aggressive cutaneous malignancies. Surgical excision, albeit the primary modality of treatment, is associated with functional as well as cosmetic impairments. Radiotherapy offers an alternative treatment modality for those in whom surgical excision is not an option either due to medical reasons or patient preferences. Materials and Methods: Here we present a rare case report of an elderly Indian man with sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid, for whom definitive radiotherapy was delivered as the primary modality of treatment. Results: There was a near complete response of the tumour to the definitive radiotherapy with acceptable toxicity. Discussion: Radiotherapy is a non-invasive alternative to surgical excision that has the advantage of better functional and cosmetic outcomes.
Different biliary tract cancers, same operation: Importance of cancer origin in patients with hilar-invading tumors
Authors: Ahmad Al-Saffar Hasan , Jansson Hannes , Danielsson Olof , Moro Carlos F. , Sturesson Christian 
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims: For patients with biliary tract cancer involving the hepatic hilum, major hepatic resection with extrahepatic bile duct resection may be required. In addition to perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC), the same extent of surgery is used in advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) with hilar involvement. Few studies compare prognostic factors and long-term outcomes across tumor types. This study compared risk characteristics and outcomes after surgery in all subtypes of biliary tract cancer with hilar involvement. Methods: Patients with biliary tract cancer with hilar involvement undergoing major liver resection and extrahepatic bile duct resection between 2011 and 2021 at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. The primary postoperative outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes were recurrence-free survival and postoperative complications. Survival analysis was performed with Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier method. Results: One-hundred and eight patients were included. Seventy-three (67%) had PHCC, 24 (22%) had GBC, and 11 (10%) had IHCC. Hilar-invading IHCC and GBC had more adverse histopathological factors like lymph node positivity (p = 0.021), higher number of positive nodes (p = 0.043), and larger tumor size (p < 0.001) compared with PHCC. Peritoneal invasion and lymph node positivity were significant independent predictors for survival (p = 0.011 and p = 0.004, respectively). Median overall survival was 29 months for PHCC, 22 months for GBC and 21 months for IHCC (p = 0.53). IHCC tended to recur earlier (p = 0.046) than GBC and PHCC (6, 15, and 18 months, respectively). Conclusion: Patients with biliary tract cancer with hilar involvement undergoing major liver resection and resection of extrahepatic bile ducts had similar overall survival regardless of subtype, while IHCC recurred earlier. Peritoneal cancer invasion was common in all subtypes, including PHCC, and was an independent prognostic factor. This finding may support routine reporting of peritoneal invasion-status in resected biliary tract cancer.