bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully Copper‐Exchanged High‐Silica LTA Zeolites as Unrivaled Hydrothermally Stable NH3‐SCR Catalysts
Authors: Ryu Taekyung , Ahn Nak Ho , Seo Seungwan , Cho Jung , Kim Hyojun , Jo Donghui , Park Gi Tae , Kim Pyung Soon , Kim Chang Hwan , Bruce Elliott L. , Wright Paul A. , Nam In‐Sik , Hong Suk Bong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDiesel engine technology is still the most effective solution to meet tighter CO2 regulations in the mobility and transport sector. In implementation of fuel‐efficient diesel engines, the poor thermal durability of lean nitrogen oxides (NOx) aftertreatment systems remains as one major technical hurdle. Divalent copper ions when fully exchanged into high‐silica LTA zeolites are demonstrated to exhibit excellent activity maintenance for NOx reduction with NH3 under vehicle simulated conditions even after hydrothermal aging at 900 °C, a critical temperature that the current commercial Cu‐SSZ‐13 catalyst cannot overcome owing to thermal deactivation. Detailed structural characterizations confirm the presence of Cu2+ ions only at the center of single 6‐rings that act not only as a catalytically active center, but also as a dealumination suppressor. The overall results render the copper‐exchanged LTA zeolite attractive as a viable substitute for Cu‐SSZ‐13.
Enantiospecific Trifluoromethyl‐Radical‐Induced Three‐Component Coupling of Boronic Esters with Furans
Authors: Wang Yahui , Noble Adam , Sandford Christopher , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn the presence of trifluoromethylsulfonium reagents, boronate complexes derived from 2‐lithio furan and non‐racemic secondary and tertiary alkyl or aryl boronic esters undergo deborylative three‐component coupling to give the corresponding 2,5‐disubstituted furans with excellent levels of enantiospecificity. The process proceeds via the reaction of boronate complexes with a trifluoromethyl radical, which triggers 1,2‐metallate rearrangement upon single‐electron oxidation. Alternative electrophiles can also be used in place of trifluoromethylsulfonium reagents to effect similar three‐component coupling reactions.
Niche‐based species distribution models and conservation planning for endangered freshwater crayfish in south‐western Germany
Authors: Chucholl Christoph 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Niche‐based species distribution models (SDMs) can help conservation planning by forecasting environmental suitability for an endangered species. Here, SDMs were constructed for stone crayfish (Austropotamobius torrentium) and white‐clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes s. str.) to identify catchments in south‐western Germany where environmental conditions are favourable for reintroduction.
Maximum‐entropy modelling (Maxent) was used with presence‐only data to forecast environmental suitability for the two crayfish species based on five climate variables, slope, land cover, and a human impact index.
SDMs showed good to excellent performance and were able to capture the range of both Austropotamobius species. Presence probabilities were mostly determined by climate variables, and climate niches partly overlap, with white‐clawed crayfish occurring at conditions with less extreme winter temperatures and lower temperature seasonality than stone crayfish. Human impact contributed between 10 and 27% to the models and was negatively related to presence probabilities. Contribution of land cover was low (5%) but showed a positive relationship with deciduous broadleaf forest in both species.
Both SDMs indicated several catchments with high predicted environmental suitability but no present occurrence records. Subsequent crayfish and habitat surveys in these catchments revealed four streams considered suitable for reintroduction and led to discovery of five previously unknown white‐clawed crayfish populations. Overall, SDMs proved to be a powerful tool for conservation planning of freshwater crayfish species.
Schlank und elegant – Stahlbogenbrücke über die A 8 bei Stuttgart
Authors: Keil Andreas , Schächner Frank 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDie stark befahrene A 8 wird zwischen dem Kreuz Stuttgart und der Anschlussstelle Leonberg/Ost um einen Fahrstreifen erweitert. Aufgrund des zu geringen Lichtraumprofils wurde die bestehende Bogenbrücke „Rotes Steigle”, die einen Forstweg über die Autobahn überführt, abgebrochen und durch einen markanten Neubau ersetzt. Das Tragwerk der neuen, ca. 75 m langen Verbundbrücke besteht aus einem unten liegenden Stahlbogen mit veränderlichen Querschnitten, schräg nach außen geneigten Stahlstreben und einer Stahlbetonfahrbahnplatte. Das schlanke Bogentragwerk ist als 2‐Gelenk‐Bogen ausgeführt und ruht auf Edelstahl‐Kippleisten. Der Überbau stützt sich mit dünnen, geneigten Streben auf dem Bogen ab und ist mit den Widerlagern über je ein etwa 1,10 m hohes und nur 2 cm dickes Stahlblech, einer sogenannten „Federlamelle”, monolithisch angeschlossen.Bei der Herstellung des Stahltragwerks wurden die einzelnen Stahlbauteile zu zwei großen, ca. 40 m langen und 120 t schweren Bogenhälften auf dem nahe gelegenen Vormontageplatz verschweißt, sodass für den Einhub lediglich zwei nächtliche Vollsperrungen der A 8 erforderlich waren. Das Betonieren der Fahrbahnplatte erfolgte mit einem verfahrbaren Schalwagen in fünf Betonierabschnitten unter fließendem Verkehr. Durch abschnittsweise Herstellung des Stahl‐ und Betonbaus waren aufwändige Verformungsberechnungen bzw. Überhöhungsberechnungen für die Fertigung und die Bauausführung erforderlich.Als moderner Kontrast zur vorherigen Brücke ist so eine filigrane Stahlbogenbrücke entstanden.
Cooperative learning in Forestry Engineering with NIPPE Descartes software
Authors: Grande‐Ortiz María A. , Tevar‐Sanz Gonzalo , Ayuga‐Téllez Esperanza , González‐García Concepción , Sánchez‐De Medina Álvaro , Ramírez‐Montoro Juan José 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis work describes the methodology, procedure, and results obtained from the application of an education co‐operative learning experience with NIPPE Descartes software in a specific task. Students in the second year of a degree course in Forestry Engineering at the Madrid Polytechnic University were invited to take part in a peer‐learning experience. The students were organized in pairs and asked to complete an optional task in one of the modules in the subject of Mechanics. This experience took place between 2006 and 2011. The results were compared with the previous period between 2003 and 2006 in which this task was not required. The students were surveyed to assess their degree of satisfaction and the contribution of the experience to the learning of the subject. This methodology was observed to substantially reduce the percentage of students who do not show up for their evaluation exams, and the percentage of pass and fail marks also reveals significant differences. Additionally, of the students who performed the task, the number who passed in the ordinary examination period increased nearly 30% points compared to those who did not. It is worth noting that 43% of the students participating in the experience rated the activity as a fairly or very positive in terms of contributing to learning the subject. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:103–111, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21783
Improving the learning of parallel programming using software refactoring
Authors: Zhang Yang 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTParallel programming has become increasingly popular in the computer educational field over the past few years. Although parallel programs obtain the short execution time and the high throughput, learning how to write a well‐structured and high‐performance parallel program is still one of the challenges for most of students. How to let students learn parallel programming well is one of the important tasks that educators should resolve. This paper presents the learning of parallel programming using software refactoring methodologies and tools. Manual and automated refactoring are introduced to show how the learning is improved respectively. With manual refactoring, students learn how to perform the data or task decomposition and how to write a well‐structured parallel software via customized programs and some benchmarks in JGF benchmark suite; with automated refactoring, students can transform the parallel parts quickly, and then evaluate the performance of a parallel software. Two automated refactoring tools are developed for educational purposes. Some of the experiences are also shared during conducting the course. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:112–119, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21784
Optimization of self‐learning in Computer Engineering courses: An intelligent software system supported by Artificial Neural Network and Vortex Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Kose Utku , Arslan Ahmet 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTSelf‐learning process is an important factor that enables learners to improve their own educational experiences when they are away of face‐to‐face interactions with the teacher. A well‐designed self‐learning activity process supports both learners and teachers to achieve educational objectives rapidly. Because of this, there has always been a remarkable trend on developing alternative self‐learning approaches. In this context, this study is based on two essential objectives. Firstly, it aims to introduce an intelligent software system, which optimizes and improves computer engineering students’ self‐learning processes. Secondly, it aims to improve computer engineering students’ self‐learning during the courses. As general, the software system introduced here evaluates students’ intelligence levels according to the Theory of Multiple Intelligences and supports their learning via accurately chosen materials provided over the software interface. The evaluation mechanism of the system is based on a hybrid Artificial Intelligence approach formed by an Artificial Neural Network, and an optimization algorithm called as Vortex Optimization Algorithm (VOA). The system is usable for especially technical courses taught at computer engineering departments of universities and makes it easier to teach abstract subjects. For having idea about success of the system, it has been tested with students and positive results on optimizing and improving self‐learning have been obtained. Additionally, also a technical evaluation has been done previously, in order to see if the VOA is a good choice to be used in the system. It can be said that the whole obtained results encourage the authors to continue to future works. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:142–156, 2017; View this article online atwileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI10.1002/cae.21787
Motuporamine Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents and Antibiotic Enhancers against Resistant Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Borselli Diane , Blanchet Marine , Bolla Jean‐Michel , Muth Aaron , Skruber Kristen , Phanstiel Otto , Brunel Jean Michel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDihydromotuporamine C and its derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activities and antibiotic enhancement properties against Gram‐negative bacteria and clinical isolates. The mechanism of action of one of these derivatives, MOTU‐N44, was investigated against Enterobacter aerogenes by using fluorescent dyes to evaluate outer‐membrane depolarization and permeabilization. Its efficiency correlated with inhibition of dye transport, thus suggesting that these molecules inhibit drug transporters by de‐energization of the efflux pump rather than by direct interaction of the molecule with the pump. This suggests that depowering the efflux pump provides another strategy to address antibiotic resistance.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Anti‐inflammatory N‐Substituted 3,5‐Bis(2‐(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)piperidin‐4‐ones
Authors: Xie Zixin , Zhang Zaikui , Yu Shufang , Cheng Donghua , Zhang Huan , Han Chao , Lv Handeng , Ye Faqing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA total of 24 N‐substituted 3,5‐bis(2‐(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)piperidin‐4‐one derivatives were synthesized via aldol condensation, and their anti‐inflammatory activities were evaluated. These compounds were found to have no significant cytotoxicity against mouse bone marrow cells in vitro. However, some compounds, such as c6 (N‐(3‐methylbenzoyl)‐3,5‐bis‐(2‐(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)piperidin‐4‐one) and c10 (N‐(2‐chlorobenzoyl)‐3,5‐bis‐(2‐(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)piperidin‐4‐one), displayed potent anti‐inflammatory activity by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐1β, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment with c6 or c10 at 2.5 or 10 mg kg−1 significantly decreased the paw edema induced by carrageenan in rats, and the anti‐inflammatory effects of these compounds were found to be better than those of celecoxib or indomethacin as well as their parent compound C66 (2,6‐bis‐(2‐(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)cyclohexanone). Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that c6 has better bioavailability than curcumin. Therefore, these compounds may be valuable leads for the development of new anti‐inflammatory drugs.
A Dual Topoisomerase Inhibitor of Intense Pro‐Apoptotic and Antileukemic Nature for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Meier Christopher , Steinhauer Tamara N. , Koczian Fabian , Plitzko Birte , Jarolim Katharina , Girreser Ulrich , Braig Simone , Marko Doris , Vollmar Angelika M. , Clement Bernd 
Published: January 2017

AbstractClassic cytotoxic drugs remain indispensable instruments in antitumor therapy due to their effectiveness and a more prevalent insensitivity toward tumor resistance mechanisms. Herein we describe the favorable properties of 6‐(N,N‐dimethyl‐2‐aminoethoxy)‐11‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)pyrido[3,4‐c][1,9]phenanthroline (P8‐D6), a powerful inducer of apoptosis caused by an equipotent inhibition of human topoisomerase I and II activities. A broad‐spectrum effect against human tumor cell lines at nanomolar concentrations, as well as strong antileukemic effects, were shown to be superior to those of marketed topoisomerase‐targeting drugs and dual topoisomerase inhibitors in clinical trials. The facile four‐step synthesis, advantageous drugability properties, and initial in vivo data encourage the application of P8‐D6 in appropriate animal tumor models and further drug development.
Discerning the survival advantage among patients with prostate cancer who undergo radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy: The limitations of cancer registry data
Authors: Williams Stephen B. , Huo Jinhai , Chamie Karim , Smaldone Marc C. , Kosarek Christopher D. , Fang Justin E. , Ynalvez Leslie A. , Kim Simon P. , Hoffman Karen E. , Giordano Sharon H. , Chapin Brian F. 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to compare the overall survival of patients who undergo radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy versus noncancer controls to discern whether there is a survival advantage according to prostate cancer treatment and the impact of selection bias on these results.METHODSA matched cohort study was performed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare–linked database. In total, 34,473 patients ages 66 to 75 years were identified who were without significant comorbidity, were diagnosed with localized prostate cancer, and received treatment treated with surgery or radiotherapy between 2004 and 2011. These patients were matched to a noncancer control cohort. The rates of all‐cause mortality that occurred within the study period were compared. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify determinants associated with overall survival.RESULTSOf 34,473 patients who were included in the analysis, 21,740 (63%) received radiation therapy, and 12,733 (37%) underwent surgery. There was improved survival in patients who underwent surgery (hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.32‐0.38) and in those who received radiotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.68‐0.75) compared with noncancer controls. Overall survival improved significantly in both treatment groups, with the greatest benefit observed among patients who underwent surgery (log rank P < .001).CONCLUSIONSPopulation‐based data indicated that patients with prostate cancer who received treatment with either surgery or radiotherapy had improved overall survival compared with a cohort of matched noncancer controls. Surgery produce longer survival compared with radiation therapy. These results suggest an inherent selection‐bias because of unmeasured confounding variables. Cancer 2017;123:1617–1624. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Melanopsin‐expressing ganglion cells in human retina: Morphology, distribution, and synaptic connections
Authors: Nasir‐Ahmad Subha , Lee Sammy C.S. , Martin Paul R. , Grünert Ulrike 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMelanopsin‐expressing retinal ganglion cells are intrinsically photosensitive cells that are involved in non‐image forming visual processes such as the pupillary light reflex and circadian entrainment but also contribute to visual perception. Here we used immunohistochemistry to study the morphology, density, distribution, and synaptic connectivity of melanopsin‐expressing ganglion cells in four post mortem human donor retinas. Two types of melanopsin‐expressing ganglion cells were distinguished based on their dendritic stratification near either the outer or the inner border of the inner plexiform layer. Outer stratifying cells make up on average 60% of the melanopsin‐expressing cells. About half of the melanopsin‐expressing cells (or 80% of the outer stratifying cells) have their soma displaced to the inner nuclear layer. Inner stratifying cells have their soma exclusively in the ganglion cell layer and include a small proportion of bistratified cells. The dendritic field diameter of melanopsin‐expressing cells ranges from 250 (near the fovea) to 1,000 µm in peripheral retina. The dendritic trees of outer stratifying cells cover the retina independent of soma location. The dendritic fields of both outer and inner stratifying cells show a high degree of overlap with a coverage factor of approximately two. Melanopsin‐expressing cells occur at an average peak density of between ∼20 and ∼40 cells/mm2 at about 2 mm eccentricity, the density drops to below ∼10 cells/mm2 at about 8 mm eccentricity. Both the outer and inner stratifying dendrites express postsynaptic density (PSD95) immunoreactive puncta suggesting that they receive synaptic input from bipolar cells.
Laser‐Irradiation‐Induced Melting and Reduction Reaction for the Formation of Pt‐Based Bimetallic Alloy Particles in Liquids
Authors: Han Yechuang , Wu Shouliang , Dai Enmei , Ye Yixing , Liu Jun , Tian Zhenfei , Cai Yunyu , Zhu Xiaoguang , Liang Changhao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLaser melting in liquids (LML) is one of the most effective methods to prepare bimetallic alloys; however, despite being an ongoing focus of research, the process involved in the formation of such species remains ambiguous. In this paper, we prepared two types of Pt‐based bimetallic alloys by LML, including Pt‐Au alloys and Pt‐iron group metal (iM=Fe/Co/Ni) alloys, and investigated the corresponding mechanisms of alloying process. Detailed component and structural characterizations indicate that laser irradiation induced a quite rapid formation process (not exceeding 10 s) of Pt‐Au alloy nanospheres, and the crystalline structures of Pt‐Au alloys is determined by the monometallic constituents with higher content. For Pt‐iM alloys, we provide direct evidence to support the conclusion that FeOx/CoOx/NiOx colloids can be reduced to elementary Fe/Co/Ni particles by ethanol molecules during laser irradiation, which then react with Pt colloids to form Pt‐iM sub‐microspheres. These results demonstrate that LML provides an optional route to prepare Pt‐based bimetallic alloy particles with tunable size, components, and crystalline phase, which should have promising applications in biological and catalysis studies.
Bond Strength and Reactivity Scales for Lewis Superacid Adducts: A Comparative Study with In(OTf)3 and Al(OTf)3
Authors: Compain Guillaume , Sikk Lauri , Massi Lionel , Gal Jean‐François , Duñach Elisabet 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMetal triflates, often called Lewis superacids, are potent catalysts for organic synthesis. However, the reactivity of a given Lewis superacid toward a given base is difficult to anticipate. A systematic screening of catalysts is often necessary when developing synthetic methodologies. Presented herein is the development of quantitative reactivity and bond strength scales by using mass spectrometry (MS). By applying a collision‐induced dissociation (CID) technique to the adducts formed between Lewis superacids Al(OTf)3 or In(OTf)3 with a series of amides bases, including monodentate and bidentate ligands, different dissociation pathways were observed. Quantitative relative energy scales were established by performing energy‐resolved mass spectrometry (ERMS) analysis on the adducts. ERMS of the adducts affords a bond strength scale when the fragmentation leads to the loss of a ligand, and reactivity scales when the dissociation leads to the C−F bond activation of one triflate anion or the deprotonation of the ligand. Al(OTf)3 was found to bind stronger to amides than In(OTf)3 and to provide the most reactive adducts.
A Solution‐Processable Liquid‐Crystalline Semiconductor for Low‐Temperature‐Annealed Air‐Stable N‐Channel Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Ozdemir Resul , Choi Donghee , Ozdemir Mehmet , Kim Hyekyoung , Kostakoğlu Sinem Tuncel , Erkartal Mustafa , Kim Hyungsug , Kim Choongik , Usta Hakan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA new solution‐processable and air‐stable liquid‐crystalline n‐channel organic semiconductor (2,2′‐(2,8‐bis(5‐(2‐octyldodecyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene‐6,12‐diylidene)dimalononitrile, α,ω‐2OD‐TIFDMT) with donor–acceptor–donor (D‐A‐D) π conjugation has been designed, synthesized, and fully characterized. The new semiconductor exhibits a low LUMO energy (−4.19 eV) and a narrow optical bandgap (1.35 eV). The typical pseudo‐focal‐conic fan‐shaped texture of a hexagonal columnar liquid‐crystalline (LC) phase was observed over a wide temperature range. The spin‐coated semiconductor thin films show the formation of large (≈0.5–1 μm) and highly crystalline platelike grains with edge‐on molecular orientations. Low‐temperature‐annealed (50 °C) top‐contact/bottom‐gate OFETs have provided good electron mobility values as high as 0.11 cm2 (V s)−1 and high Ion/Ioff ratios of 107 to 108 with excellent ambient stability. This indicates an enhancement of two orders of magnitude (100×) when compared with the β‐substituted parent semiconductor, β‐DD‐TIFDMT (2,2′‐(2,8‐bis(3‐dodecylthiophen‐2‐yl)indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene‐6,12‐diylidene)dimalononitrile). The current rational alkyl‐chain engineering route offers great advantages for D‐A‐D π‐core coplanarity in addition to maintaining good solubility in organic solvents, and leads to favorable optoelectronic/physicochemical characteristics. These remarkable findings demonstrate that α,ω‐2OD‐TIFDMT is a promising semiconductor material for the development of n‐channel OFETs on flexible plastic substrates and LC‐state annealing of the columnar liquid crystals can lower the electron mobility for transistor‐type charge transport.