bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermogravimetric Characterization of the Microstructure Composition of Polyamide Injection Molded Denture Base Material vs Conventional Compression Molded Heat-cured Denture Base Material
Authors: Al-Dharrab Ayman , Shinawi Lana 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Thermoplastic resin polymers are widely used in medicine due to their biostability and hypoallergenic properties, making them a possible alternative to poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA). The current research examined the microstructure of a rapid injection molding system thermoplastic resin for construction of flexible denture compared with that of heatcured PMMA.

Materials and methods
A total of 40 disk-shaped specimens (25 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness) were prepared and divided into two groups of 20 disks each (group I samples were of thermoplastic acrylic resin while group II was heat-cured PMMA resin).

Results
In group I, thermogravimetric analyzer showed that increasing the temperature up to 169°C resulted in about 1.3% of the material loss, and after that the material remains thermally stable up to 200°C. Group II showed 2.24% weight loss at 171°C, and further weight loss (12.025%) was observed on heating to 230°C. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer analysis in the range of 400–4000 cm-1 detected the presence of an amine group (N-H) in group I samples and the presence of methylene group attached to inorganic Si as reinforcement filler (Si-CH3).

Conclusion
Thermoplastic resin displayed excellent thermal stability and the absence of residual monomer within the polymerized material, suggesting its suitability for the fabrication dentures.

How to cite this article
Al-Dharrab A, Shinawi L. Thermogravimetric Characterization of the Microstructure Composition of Polyamide Injection Molded Denture Base Material vs Conventional Compression Molded Heat-cured Denture Base Material. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):99-104.
Push-out Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Posts Cemented in Weakened Roots with Different Luting Agents
Authors: Correr-Sobrinho Lourenço , da Silveira-Pedrosa Daniele M , Martins Luis RM , Sinhoreti Mário AC , Sousa-Neto Manoel D , Junior Edson D Costa , de F Pedrosa-Filho Celso , de Carvalho Jacy Ribeiro 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate the push-out bond strength (BS) of direct anatomic posts (DAPs) and conventional fiber posts (CFPs) cemented with different luting agents in different thirds of flared root canals.

Materials and methods
A total of 60 human single-rooted canine teeth were transversally sectioned 16 mm from the radicular apex. After endodontic treatment, canals were flared with diamond burs. Samples were divided into six groups according to post type and luting agent: DAP and RelyX U100 (RXU); DAP and RelyX ARC (RXA); DAP and RelyX Luting 2 (RXL); CFP and RXU; CFP and RXA; CFP and RXL. Roots were sectioned transversely into six 1-mm-thick slices. The push-out test was performed and failure modes were observed.

Results
The DAP groups (7.23 ± 2.05) showed highest BS values (p < 0.05) when compared with CFP (5.93 ± 1.76). RelyX U100 (8.17 ± 1.70) showed higher BS values (p < 0.05) than RXA (6.46 ± 1.38), and RXL (5.10 ± 1.65) showed the lowest values. Bond strength on the apical third was statistically lower (p < 0.05) than that on the other thirds of the root canals. There was a predominance of adhesive failure for all groups.

Conclusion
The DAPs improved retention in flared root canals, and RXU was the most effective luting agent. The apical third showed the lowest BS values.

Clinical significance
The relining procedure of fiber posts with composite and the proper selection of luting resin cement are important for increasing bonding effectiveness in flared root canals.

How to cite this article
da Silveira-Pedrosa DM, Martins LRM, Sinhoreti MAC, Correr-Sobrinho L, Sousa-Neto MD, Costa ED Jr, de F Pedrosa-Filho C, de Carvalho JR Jr. Push-out Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Posts Cemented in Weakened Roots with Different Luting Agents. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2): 119-124.
A Clinical Evaluation of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Alloplast with and without a Flowable Bioabsorbable Guided Tissue Regeneration Barrier in the Treatment of Mandibular Molar Class II Furcation Defects
Authors: Kini Vineet , Nayak Dilip G , Uppoor Ashita S 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundGuided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy has shown good results in the management of mandibular molar class II furcation defects. Advances in biomaterial sciences have developed alloplastic bone replacement graft materials and bioabsorbable GTR barrier membranes with good biologic response and handling properties. The aim of this study was to compare the attachment gain and the bone fill obtained with an alloplast [biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) 60% hydroxyapatite (HA) and 40% beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)] with and without a bioabsorbable GTR barrier [flowable poly (DL-lactide) (PLA) dissolved in N-methyl-2- pyrrolidone (NMP)] in the treatment of mandibular molar class II furcation defects.Materials and methodsA total of 20 class II furcation defects were treated in 16 patients with chronic periodontitis in a comparative study. Ten defects were treated with Camceram®(BCP 60% HA and 40% – TCP) bone replacement graft material (group I) and 10 defects with a combination of Camceram®bone replacement graft material with Atrisorb®Freeflow™, bio-absorbable GTR barrier (flowable PLA dissolved in NMP) (group II). At baseline and at 6 months postsurgery, clinical parameters of vertical probing depth (PD) and horizontal probing depth (P-H), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), and vertical depth of furcation defect (VDF) and horizontal depth of furcation defect (BP-H) were evaluated.ResultsStatistical analysis was done with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. Intergroup comparisons made at 6 months postsurgery by unpaired Student's t-test showed mean reduction in PD in group I was 3.10 ± 0.73 mm and in group II was 3.20 ± 1.03 mm (p > 0.05). Mean reduction in P-H in group I was 1.60 ± 0.69 mm and in group II was 1.90 ± 0.73 mm (p > 0.05). Gain in CAL in group I was 2.80 ± 1.03 mm and in group II was 2.90 ± 0.94 mm (p > 0.05). Change in GR in group I was .0.30 ± 0.48 mm and in group II was .0.30 ± 0.48 (p > 0.05). Reduction in VDF in group I was 1.30 ± 0.67 mm and in group II was 1.80 ± 0.63 mm (p . 0.01). Reduction in BP-H in group I was 1.30 ± 0.67 mm and in group II was 1.90 ± 0.73 mm (p . 0.05).ConclusionIt was concluded that the combination technique of BCP alloplast with a flowable bioabsorbable GTR barrier led to better results in regard to defect bone fill as compared with when the BCP alloplast alone was used.How to cite this articleKini V, Nayak DG, Uppoor AS. A Clinical Evaluation of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Alloplast with and without a Flowable Bioabsorbable Guided Tissue Regeneration Barrier in the Treatment of Mandibular Molar Class II Furcation Defects. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):143-148.
Marginal Accuracy of Castings Fabricated with Ringless Casting Investment System and Metal Ring Casting Investment System: A Comparative Study
Authors: Prasanna BG , Kalavathi M , Sachin Bhuvana , Shreeharsha TV , Praveen B , Ragher Mallikarjuna 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
The thermal expansion of the investment can be restricted by the metal casting ring because the thermal expansion of the ring is less than that of the investment. The ringless casting procedure is in use in clinical dentistry, though there is little scientific data to support its use in fixed partial dentures. In this study, marginal discrepancy of castings produced with the ringless casting technique and the conventional technique using the metal rings were compared.

Materials and methods
A total of 30 wax patterns were fabricated directly on a metal die. Optical stereomicroscope was used to measure the marginal discrepancy between the metal die and wax patterns. A total of 15 castings were invested using Bellavest T phosphate-bonded investment with the ringless technique and 15 were invested with the same investment with a metal ring; 30 castings were produced using a nickel-chromium ceramo-metal alloy. The internal surface of the castings was not modified and seated with finger pressure. The vertical marginal discrepancy was measured using an optical stereomicroscope at a magnification of 100×. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using students t-test (paired t-test and unpaired t-test).

Results
The castings of the ringless technique provided less vertical marginal discrepancy (240.56 ± 45.81μ) than the castings produced with the conventional metal ring technique (281.98 ± 53.05μ). The difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion
The ringless casting technique had produced better marginal accuracy compared with conventional casting technique. Ringless casting system can be used routinely for clinical purpose.

How to cite this article
Kalavathi M, Sachin B, Prasanna BG, Shreeharsha TV, Praveen B, Ragher M. Marginal Accuracy of Castings Fabricated with Ringless Casting Investment System and Metal Ring Casting Investment System: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):165-170.
Chemical analysis of refractory stratospheric aerosol particles collected
within the arctic vortex and inside polar stratospheric clouds
Authors: Ebert Martin , Weigel Ralf , Kandler Konrad , Günther Gebhard , Molleker Sergej , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Vogel Bärbel , Weinbruch Stephan , Borrmann Stephan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Stratospheric aerosol particles with diameters larger than about 10 nm were collected within the arctic vortex during two polar flight campaigns: RECONCILE in winter 2010 and ESSenCe in winter 2011. Impactors were installed on board the aircraft M-55 Geophysica, which was operated from Kiruna, Sweden. Flights were performed at a height of up to 21 km and some of the particle samples were taken within distinct polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). The chemical composition, size and morphology of refractory particles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. During ESSenCe no refractory particles with diameters above 500 nm were sampled. In total 116 small silicate, Fe-rich, Pb-rich and aluminum oxide spheres were found. In contrast to ESSenCe in early winter, during the late-winter RECONCILE mission the air masses were subsiding inside the Arctic winter vortex from the upper stratosphere and mesosphere, thus initializing a transport of refractory aerosol particles into the lower stratosphere. During RECONCILE, 759 refractory particles with diameters above 500 nm were found consisting of silicates, silicate ∕ carbon mixtures, Fe-rich particles, Ca-rich particles and complex metal mixtures. In the size range below 500 nm the presence of soot was also proven. While the data base is still sparse, the general tendency of a lower abundance of refractory particles during PSC events compared to non-PSC situations was observed. The detection of large refractory particles in the stratosphere, as well as the experimental finding that these particles were not observed in the particle samples (upper size limit ∼  5 µm) taken during PSC events, strengthens the hypothesis that such particles are present in the lower polar stratosphere in late winter and have provided a surface for heterogeneous nucleation during PSC formation.
Characterizing leaf area index (LAI) and vertical foliage profile (VFP) over the United States
Authors: Tang H. , Ganguly S. , Zhang G. , Hofton M. A. , Nelson R. F. , Dubayah R. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Leaf area index (LAI) and vertical foliage profile (VFP) are among the important canopy structural variables. Recent advances in lidar remote sensing technology have demonstrated the capability of accurately mapping LAI and VFP over large areas. The primary objective of this study was to derive and validate a LAI and VFP product over the contiguous United States (CONUS) using spaceborne waveform lidar data. This product was derived at the footprint level from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) using a biophysical model. We validated GLAS-derived LAI and VFP across major forest biomes using airborne waveform lidar. The comparison results showed that GLAS retrievals of total LAI were generally accurate with little bias (r2 =  0.67, bias  =  −0.13, RMSE  =  0.75). The derivations of GLAS retrievals of VFP within layers were not as accurate overall (r2 =  0.36, bias  =  −0.04, RMSE  =  0.26), and these varied as a function of height, increasing from understory to overstory – 0 to 5 m layer: r2 =  0.04, bias  =  0.09, RMSE  =  0.31; 10 to 15 m layer: r2 =  0.53, bias  =  −0.08, RMSE  =  0.22; and 15 to 20 m layer: r2 =  0.66, bias  =  −0.05, RMSE  =  0.20. Significant relationships were also found between GLAS LAI products and different environmental factors, in particular elevation and annual precipitation. In summary, our results provide a unique insight into vertical canopy structure distribution across North American ecosystems. This data set is a first step towards a baseline of canopy structure needed for evaluating climate and land use induced forest changes at the continental scale in the future, and should help deepen our understanding of the role of vertical canopy structure in terrestrial ecosystem processes across varying scales.
Spatial and temporal trends in summertime climate and water quality indicators in the coastal embayments of Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts
Authors: Rheuban J. E. , Williamson S. , Costa J. E. , Glover D. M. , Jakuba R. W. , McCorkle D. C. , Neill C. , Williams T. , Doney S. C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Degradation of coastal ecosystems by eutrophication is largely defined by nitrogen loading from land via surface water and groundwater flows. However, indicators of water quality are highly variable due to a myriad of other drivers, including temperature and precipitation. To evaluate these drivers, we examined spatial and temporal trends in a 22-year record of summer water quality data from 122 stations in 17 embayments within Buzzards Bay, MA (USA), collected through a citizen science monitoring program managed by Buzzards Bay Coalition. To identify spatial patterns across Buzzards Bay's embayments, we used a principle component and factor analysis and found that rotated factor loadings indicated little correlation between inorganic nutrients and organic matter or chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration. Factor scores showed that embayment geomorphology in addition to nutrient loading was a strong driver of water quality, where embayments with surface water inputs showed larger biological impacts than embayments dominated by groundwater influx. A linear regression analysis of annual summertime water quality indicators over time revealed that from 1992 to 2013, most embayments (15 of 17) exhibited an increase in temperature (mean rate of 0.082 ± 0.025 (SD) °C yr−1) and Chl a (mean rate of 0.0171 ± 0.0088 log10 (Chl a; mg m−3) yr−1, equivalent to a 4.0 % increase per year). However, only seven embayments exhibited an increase in total nitrogen (TN) concentration (mean rate 0.32 ± 0.47 (SD) µM yr−1). Average summertime log10(TN) and log10(Chl a) were correlated with an indication that the yield of Chl a per unit total nitrogen increased with time suggesting the estuarine response to TN may have changed because of other stressors such as warming, altered precipitation patterns, or changing light levels. These findings affirm that nitrogen loading and physical aspects of embayments are essential in explaining the observed ecosystem response. However, climate-related stressors may also need to be considered by managers because increased temperature and precipitation may worsen water quality and partially offset benefits achieved by reducing nitrogen loading.
AerChemMIP: Quantifying the effects of chemistry and aerosols in CMIP6
Authors: Collins William J. , Lamarque Jean-François , Schulz Michael , Boucher Olivier , Eyring Veronika , Hegglin Michaela I. , Maycock Amanda , Myhre Gunnar , Prather Michael , Shindell Drew , Smith Steven J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP) is endorsed by the Coupled-Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) and is designed to quantify the climate and air quality impacts of aerosols and chemically-reactive gases. These are specifically near-term climate forcers (NTCFs: tropospheric ozone and aerosols, and their precursors), methane, nitrous oxide and ozone-depleting halocarbons. The aim of AerChemMIP is to answer four scientific questions: 1.	How have anthropogenic emissions contributed to global radiative forcing and affected regional climate over the historical period? 2.	How will future policies (on climate, air quality and land use) affect these species and their climate impacts? 3.	Can the uncertainties associated with anthropogenic emissions be quantified? 4.	Can climate feedbacks occurring through changes in natural emissions be quantified? These questions will be addressed through targeted simulations with CMIP6 climate models that include an interactive representation of tropospheric aerosols and atmospheric chemistry. These simulations build on the CMIP6 Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima (DECK) experiments, the CMIP6 historical simulations, and future projections performed elsewhere in CMIP6, allowing the contributions from aerosols and chemistry to be quantified. Specific diagnostics are requested as part of the CMIP6 data request to evaluate the performance of the models, and to understand any differences in behaviour between them.
“Engelond” and “Armorik Briteyne”: Reading Brittany in Chaucer's Franklin's Tale
Authors: Godlove Shannon 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This article argues that Chaucer's imaginative depiction of the topographical and cultural otherness of Brittany and the fraught triangular relationship of the main characters in the Franklin's Tale is influenced by his awareness of Brittany's entanglements with England and France in the Hundred Years' War. Fourteenth-century Brittany was a strategic border region, differentiated from other French territories by its Brythonic language and culture, yet inextricably bound to England by ties of kinship, fealty, and occupation extending back to the Norman Conquest. The Franklin's Tale explicitly links each of its main characters with one of the three polities involved in this conflict, associating Dorigen most strongly with Brittany itself. The love story between Dorigen and Arveragus and the challenge posed to it by Aurelius play out in an emphatically Breton colonial setting, where the erotics of sexual conquest become conflated with territorial and political conquest.
“About which we want to speak now”: Beatrice of Nazareth's Reason for Writing Uan seuen manieren van heileger minnen
Authors: Van Put Kris 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The fact that the medieval Cistercian nun Beatrice of Nazareth is known today as a well-established Middle Dutch female writer is mainly the result of the identification of an anonymous mystical treatise, Uan seuen manieren van heileger minnen (On seven manners of holy love), as a work of Beatrice. The aim of this article is to make a fresh start with this short text. After discussing a number of problematic views that have been put forward by previous scholars, it examines the main features in Uan seuen manieren van heileger minnen that reveal its rationale as a text. This analysis underpins the view of Beatrice as a self-conscious mystical author and a teacher.
Of Genealogy and Transcendent Critique
Authors: Merrick Allison 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Disagreements concerning Nietzsche's methodology in On the Genealogy of Morals abound. The debate generally ranges over what the genealogical method is meant to do and how this mode of inquiry might achieve its aims. This article seeks to undermine the dominant interpretative strategy, which suggests that the genealogical mode of inquiry functions by way of a transcendent critique and achieves its aims by presenting a causal description of the origins of morality.
How Smart (and Just) Is Ressentiment?
Authors: Elgat Guy 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The article argues that attention to Nietzsche's analysis of ressentiment in the third essay of On the Genealogy of Morals reveals a hitherto unnoticed feature of ressentiment, namely, that ressentiment comes with degrees of epistemic acuity—a varying ability to correctly identify and focus on the object that gives rise to it in the first place. After showing how internally and externally induced ressentiment differ with regard to their epistemic acuity, the paper turns to focus on the relation between ressentiment and justice and explains Nietzsche's claim, in the second essay of the Genealogy, that justice's origin cannot be traced back to ressentiment.
UTILIZAÇÃO DO FILTRO HODRICK-PRESCOTT NAS ANÁLISES DE DADOS CLIMÁTICOS
Authors: Siqueira Anderlan Henrique Batista , Molion Luiz Carlos Baldicero 
Published: July 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo introduzir e demonstrar a utilização do filtro Hodrick-Prescott na análise e decomposição de séries temporais meteorológicas de longo prazo. Fez-se um comparativo entre a técnica estatística do filtro Hodrick - Prescott e a das Médias Móveis, com um parâmetro de filtro de 13 meses, a fim de avaliar o desempenho de ambas na decomposição de altas e baixas frequências, ou seja, variabilidade climática de curto e longo períodos, respectivamente. Como exemplo prático, aplicaram-se as duas técnicas na série do índice da Oscilação Decadal do Pacifico (ODP) para separar a variabilidade decadal (tendência) da interanual (parte cíclica/aleatória). Utilizou-se a análise das ondeletas de Morlet nas séries da tendência e parte cíclica/aleatória, geradas com as duas técnicas, para identificar os padrões oscilatórios existentes e suas respectivas periodicidades aparentes. As técnicas conseguiram representar bem as oscilações decadal e interanual. Contudo, o filtro Hodrick-Prescott demonstrou ser uma técnica mais adequada, pois removeu efetivamente as frequências altas da série original, produzindo uma curva de tendência suave, e as incorporou na curva cíclica/aleatória. Esse fato foi confirmado nas análises da ondeletas das duas decomposições, tendência e parte cíclica/aleatória. O filtro Hodrick – Prescott apresenta, ainda, uma grande vantagem sobre a técnica das médias móveis, já que não há perda de dados no início e no final da série. Quanto à interpretação física dos resultados, foram confirmados o ciclo longo de 50-60 anos da ODP e os ciclos curtos de 3 a 7 anos, relativos aos eventos ENOS já encontrado na literatura.