bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscape pattern is critical for the moderation of thermal extremes
Authors: Carroll J. Matthew , Davis Craig A. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Elmore R. Dwayne 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTemperature is highly variable across space and time at multiple scales, shapes landscape pattern, and dictates ecological processes. While our knowledge of ecological phenomena is vast relative to many landscape metrics, thermal patterns which shape landscape mosaics are largely unknown. To address this disconnect, we investigated the thermal landscape by measuring black bulb temperature (Tbb) at intervals as small as 15 min across 3 yr in a mixed‐grass shrub vegetation community. We found that the thermal landscape was highly heterogeneous displaying a prevalence for thermal extremes (i.e., Tbb > 50°C) and that Tbb was driven by the synergism of environmental, terrain, and vegetation factors. Specifically, variation of Tbb on the landscape was best predicted by the inclusion of ambient temperature (Tair), solar radiation (Srad), low woody cover, and tall woody cover as variables. Moreover, models of single vegetation parameters (i.e., bare ground, low woody, or tall woody cover) each had greater relative importance than those containing a single terrain variable (i.e., slope or aspect) based on AIC, providing evidence that vegetation is a key driver of Tbb on the landscape. Within the thermally heterogeneous landscape, tall woody cover moderated Tbb by 10°C more than bare ground, herbaceous, or low woody cover during peak diurnal heating (14:00), and was the only cover type that remained <50°C on average. Given that tall woody cover comprises only about 7% of the landscape in our study, these findings have direct conservation implications for species inhabiting shrub communities, specifically that the distribution of tall woody cover is a spatially limited but key predictor of potential thermal refugia on the landscape. Our findings also demonstrate that local interactions between vegetation and temperature can create thermal patterns that shape dynamic landscape mosaics across space and time. Furthermore, we show that structural heterogeneity can maximize thermal complexity across landscapes which can provide greater potential thermal options for organisms. However, our modeled climate projections suggest that far greater thermal extremes will be possible across increasingly larger swaths of the landscape in the future, making assessments and quantifications of thermal landscapes increasingly critical.
Do current national and international guidelines have specific recommendations for older adults with bipolar disorder? A brief report
Authors: Dols Annemiek , Kessing Lars Vedel , Strejilevich Sergio A. , Rej Soham , Tsai Shang‐Ying , Gildengers Ariel G. , Almeida Osvaldo P. , Shulman Kenneth I. , Sajatovic Martha ,   The International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force for Older Adults with Bipolar Disorder
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveOlder adults with bipolar disorder (OABD) are a growing segment of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) for which specific guidelines are warranted. Although, OABD are frequently excluded from randomized controlled trials due to their age or somatic comorbidity, more treatment data from a variety of sources have become available in recent years. It is expected that at least some of this emerging information on OABD would be incorporated into treatment guidelines available to clinicians around the world.MethodsThe International Society of Bipolar Disorders OABD task force compiled and compared recommendations from current national and international guidelines that specifically address geriatric or older individuals with BD (from year 2005 onwards).ResultsThere were 34 guidelines, representing six continents and 19 countries. The majority of guidelines had no separate section on OABD. General principles for treating OABD with medication are recommended to be similar to those for younger adults, with special caution for side effects due to somatic comorbidity and concomitant medications. Therapeutic lithium serum levels are suggested to be lower but recommendations are very general and mostly not informed by specific research evidence.ConclusionsThere is a lack of emphasis of OABD‐specific issues in existing guidelines. Given the substantial clinical heterogeneity in BD across the life span, along with the rapidly expanding population of older individuals worldwide, and limited mental health workforce with geriatric expertise, it is critical that additional effort and resources be devoted to studying treatment interventions specific to OABD and that treatment guidelines reflect research findings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mental health treatment preferences and challenges of living with multimorbidity from the veteran perspective
Authors: DiNapoli Elizabeth A. , Cinna Christopher , Whiteman Karen L. , Fox Lauren , Appelt Cathleen J. , Kasckow John 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo explore middle‐aged and older veterans' current disease‐management practices, mental health treatment preferences, and challenges of living with multiple chronic health conditions (i.e., multimorbidity).MethodsSemi‐structured qualitative interviews and self‐report measures were collected from 28 middle‐aged and older (50 years of age or older) veterans with multimorbidity.ResultsOur sample of veterans with multimorbidity was, on average, mildly depressed and anxious with elevated stress and disability. Veterans acknowledged the interaction of physical and emotional symptoms, which caused greater difficulty with health care management and daily functioning. Veterans had many concerns regarding their physical and emotional health conditions, such as continued disease progression and the addition of other emotional and physical health complications. Veterans also identified specific self‐care approaches for disease management (e.g., medication, healthy lifestyle practices, and psychological stress management techniques), as well as barriers to engaging in care (e.g., money, transportation, and stigma). Participants preferred a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and healthy lifestyle practices for mental health treatment. The majority of participants (88.5%) agreed that these mental health treatments would be beneficial to integrate into disease management for older veterans with multimorbidity. Lastly, veterans provided an array of recommendations for improving Veteran's Administration services and reducing mental health stigma.ConclusionsThese findings provide support for patient‐centered approaches and integrated mental and physical health self‐management in the Veteran's Administration for middle‐aged and older veterans with multiple chronic conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial characteristics and controlling factors of chemical weathering of loess in the dry season in the middle Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Xiao Jun , Zhang Fei , Jin Zhangdong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHydrochemistry methods were used to decipher the weathering and geochemical processes controlling solute acquisition of river waters in the dry season in the middle Loess Plateau (MLP), one of the most severely eroded areas and turbid riverine systems in the world. River waters were neutral to slightly alkaline with pH varying from 7.6 to 9.6. The total dissolved solids decreased from northwest to southeast with a mean value of 804 mg/l, much higher than the global average and other large rivers in China. Ternary diagram showed that river waters were dominated by Na+, HCO3−, and Cl− with the main water‐type of HCO3−–Cl−–Na+. Saturation index values, Mg2+, Ca2+, and HCO3− analyses indicated the preferential Ca2+ removal by calcite precipitation. Gibbs plots and stoichiometry plots indicated that the dissolved solutes were mainly derived from rock weathering with minor anthropogenic and atmospheric inputs. Samples in the northwestern basin are also influenced by evaporation. A forward model of mass budget calculation showed that, owing to high soluble characteristics, evaporite dissolution was a major feature of river waters and contributed 41% to the total dissolved cations on average, while carbonate and silicate weathering contributed 28%,and 25% on average, respectively. Besides evaporite dissolution, cation exchange is also responsible for the high concentrations of Na+ in river water. Spatial variations showed that evaporite dissolution and silicate weathering were higher in the northern basin, whereas carbonate weathering was higher in the southern basin. Different from most rivers in the world, the physical erosion rates (varying from 117.7 to 4116.6 t/km2y) are much higher than the chemical weathering rates (varying from 3.54 to 6.76 t/km2y) in the MLP because of the loose structure of loess and poor vegetation in the basin. In the future, studies on comparison of water geochemistry in different seasons and on influence of different types of land use and soil salinization on water geochemistry, denudation rates, and water quality should be strengthened in the MLP. These results shed some lights on processes responsible for modern loess weathering and also indicate the importance of time‐series sampling strategy for river water chemistry. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flocculation of wheat straw soda lignin by hemoglobin and chicken blood: effects of cationic polymer or calcium chloride
Authors: Piazza George J , Lora Jairo H , Garcia Rafael A 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDLignin is the largest byproduct of biomass processing. Flocculation could replace strong acid used in lignin recovery and be useful for the cleanup of lignin from residual processing waters. Commercial nonrenewable flocculants are known to be effective with lignin, but the investigation of renewable lignin flocculants has received little attention.RESULTSMethods were developed to economize on the use of biobased flocculant for wheat straw lignin flocculation. Thus, 43% less hemoglobin (HEM) and 39% less chicken blood (CB) were needed when the Zeta potential was increased by the co‐addition of poly (diallydimethylammonium chloride) (pDADMAC). Supernatant chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced by 78% with optimal pDADMAC and CB. Up to 94% less HEM was needed for lignin flocculation with the co‐addition of CaCl2.CONCLUSIONCharge neutralization promoted lignin flocculation with coflocculants pDADMAC/HEM or pDADMAC/CB. Some lignin flocculation was noted at higher levels of CaCl2 due to reduced lignin solubility. Charge neutralization contributed to lignin flocculation at lower CaCl2 levels and high HEM. A novel finding was that divalent cation bridging promoted lignin flocculation in the presence of CaCl2 at lower levels of HEM. Lignin flocculated with HEM‐CaCl2 is possibly useful as a protein‐enriched animal feed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantitative diffusion‐weighted imaging and dynamic contrast‐enhanced characterization of the index lesion with multiparametric MRI in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Yuan Qing , Costa Daniel N. , Sénégas Julien , Xi Yin , Wiethoff Andrea J. , Rofsky Neil M. , Roehrborn Claus , Lenkinski Robert E. , Pedrosa Ivan 
Published: July 2016

PurposeTo compare a simplified intravoxel incoherent motion (sIVIM) model to commonly used monoexponential and biexponential models in the characterization of prostate cancer (PCa) and noncancerous prostate tissues, and to investigate combinations of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) measures with dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐derived parameters in MRI‐visible index lesions, to facilitate PCa risk stratification.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective, Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved study, 43 consecutive patients with PCa who had 3T MRI exams followed by radical prostatectomy were included. DWI and DCE parameters were measured from one index lesion per patient, and noncancerous central gland and peripheral zone. Logistic regression modeling was performed to select the optimal combination of DWI and DCE measurements for tumor risk assessment.ResultsAll diffusion models showed the lowest diffusion coefficients in tumors, intermediate values in noncancerous central gland, and highest values in noncancerous peripheral zone (all P < 0.001). Ktrans and kep were higher in tumors compared to central gland (P < 0.005) and peripheral zone (P < 0.001). The initial area under the contrast concentration curve was higher in tumor than the peripheral zone (P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the combined DWI and DCE parameters (0.78) was higher than its individual components (0.73 and 0.63, respectively) for discriminating low‐ and intermediate‐to‐high‐risk tumors.ConclusionThe sIVIM model provided comparable results with fewer b‐values and shorter image acquisition time. The combination of DWI and DCE measurements of MRI‐visible index lesions improved the preoperative prostate cancer risk characterization compared to the individual parameters from either technique alone.Level of Evidence: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:908–916.
A non‐toxic enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for aflatoxin B1 using anti‐idiotypic antibodies as substitutes
Authors: Hu Li , Liu Aiping , Chen Weifeng , Yang Hongxiu , Wang Xiaohong , Chen Fusheng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDImmunoassays are widely employed techniques to detect aflatoxins since they are rapid, selective and sensitive. One common disadvantage of them is using aflatoxins as standard substances, which may trigger exposure risks to operators and environmental contamination without proper handling. Anti‐idiotypic antibodies (anti‐Ids or Ab2s), also named as internal‐image anti‐Ids, are able to mimic and function as antigens, so a non‐toxic enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is developed and validated using anti‐Ids as substitutes.RESULTSMouse monoclonal anti‐idiotypic antibody (McAb2) to AFB1 was generated by the hybridoma technique using Fab fragments of rabbit anti‐AFB1 idiotype antibody (Ab1) as immunogen. As indicated by indirect competitive ELISA, McAb2, represented an internal‐image of antigen AFB1, was able to bind Fab with competition to AFB1. Then, analysis of AFB1 in spiked samples by non‐toxic ELISA using anti‐Ids as substitutes was developed, and it showed no significant differences with comparison to AFB1 as competitive antigens.CONCLUSIONOur work demonstrated that anti‐Ids could be used as internal‐image mimicry of AFB1, and it had potential applications in immunoassays for antigen substitution to reduce operational risk for operators and environmental contamination. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Diffusive methane fluxes from Negro, Solimões and Madeira rivers and fringing lakes in the Amazon basin
Authors: Barbosa Pedro M. , Melack John M. , Farjalla Vinicius F. , Amaral João Henrique F. , Scofield Vinicius , Forsberg Bruce R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe first extensive set of measurements of methane concentrations and fluxes for the Negro River and its major tributaries combined with complementary data for the Solimões and Madeira rivers and several tributaries are presented and their temporal and spatial variations examined. Fluxes were measured using floating chambers, and dissolved CH4 concentrations were measured by the headspace technique. In the Solimões basin, tributaries had higher fluxes when water levels were low; no statistical difference among periods for lakes and the main stem river was observed. In the Negro basin, rivers had higher fluxes with greater variations among rivers during high water than during low water based on fluxes calculated from the concentration gradient and modelled gas transfer coefficients. We estimate a regional methane emission of 0.31 Tg C yr−1 for large river channels in the lowland Amazon basin.
A Biodegradable and Amphiphilic Linear‐Dendritic Copolymer as a Drug Carrier Platform for Intracellular Drug Delivery
Authors: Wang Haibo , Wu Yan , Liu Gongyan , Du Zongliang , Cheng Xu 
Published: July 2016

In this work, a biodegradable linear‐dendritic copolymer composed of methoxypolyethylene glycols (mPEG) and a third generation glycolic acid oligomer based dendron is synthesized. The amphiphilic copolymer can self‐assemble into polymeric micelles in aqueous solution with a low critical micelle concentration (CMC). Hydrophobic doxorubicin (DOX) is incorporated into the micellar core via the dialysis method with a high drug loading content of 21.2%. The drug release result implies that the encapsulated drug can be released rapidly at pH 5.0, due to the hydrolysis of the ester bond resulting in quick disassembly of drug‐loaded micelles. Moreover, the results of fluorescence microscopy imaging and flow cytometry measurements demonstrate that the drug carriers can be internalized and DOX released rapidly from them upon endocytosis. Importantly, this drug delivery system exhibits excellent performance to inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
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Gastroenterological endpoints in drug trials for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Bodewes Frank A.J.A. , Verkade Henkjan J. , Wilschanski Micheal 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe phenotype of cystic fibrosis includes a wide variety of clinical and biochemical gastrointestinal presentations. These gastrointestinal characteristics of the disease have come under renewed interest as potential outcome measures and clinical endpoints for therapeutic trials in cystic fibrosis. Established gastrointestinal clinical endpoints, like e.g. fecal elastase‐1, are already used in trials. Other potential gastrointestinal outcome measures gather more scientific interest for evaluation in future trials. Gastrointestinal outcome measures look particularly relevant and promising for trials in CF patients with normal lung function or therapeutic studies in young children and infants.We review, the currently reported gastrointestinal effects of CFTR modulation therapies and discuss the potential of gastrointestinal outcome measures for therapeutic trials in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:S18–S22. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of globins expression in brain, heart, and lung in rats exposed to side stream cigarette smoke
Authors: Tae Barbara , Oliveira Kelen Carneiro , Conceição Rodrigo Rodrigues da , Valenti Vitor Engrácia , de Souza Janaina Sena , Laureano‐Melo Roberto , Sato Monica Akemi , Maciel Rui Monteiro de Barros , Giannocco Gisele 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe side stream cigarette smoke (SSCS) is a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoking‐induced toxicity. Hemoglobin (Hb), myoglobin (Mb), neuroglobin (Ngb), and cytoglobin (Cygb) are globins with different distributions and functions in the tissues and have similar actions by providing O2 (oxygen) for respiratory chain, detoxification of ROS and nitric oxide (NO), and protect tissues against irreversible lesions. We aimed to investigate the effects of SSCS exposure on gene and protein expression of Ngb, Cygb, and Mb in different tissue. The Ngb and Cygb gene and protein expression in the cerebral cortex increased after 1 week of rat exposure to SSCS. In hippocampus, the Ngb gene and protein expression increased after 1 week or more of exposure and no change was observed in Cygb gene and protein expression. In myocardium, Mb and Cygb gene expression increased at 1 and 4 weeks of exposure, while protein expression of both increased at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. In lung, observed an increase in Cygb gene and protein expression after 2, 3, and 4 weeks of exposure. The findings suggest that SSCS modulates Ngb, Cygb, and Mb in central and peripheral tissue © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1252–1261, 2017.
Metabolite profiling study on the toxicological effects of polybrominated diphenyl ether in a rat model
Authors: Jung Young‐Sang , Lee Jueun , Seo Jungju , Hwang Geum‐Sook 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are commonly used to retard the combustion of materials such as foam padding, textiles, or plastics, and numerous studies have confirmed the accumulation thereof in the environment and in fish, mammals, and humans. In this study, we used metabolomics to conduct an environmental risk assessment of the PBDE‐209. We profiled the urinary metabolites of control and PBDE‐treated rats (exposed to PBDE‐209) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Global metabolic profiling indicated that the effects of PBDE‐209 on the urinary metabolic profile were not significant. However, targeted metabolic profiling revealed progressive effects of PBDE‐209 over a 7‐day PBDE‐209 treatment. Moreover, despite the weak PBDE‐209 effects, we observed that choline, acetylcholine, 3‐indoxylsulfate, creatinine, urea, and dimethyl sulfone levels were decreased, whereas that of pyruvate was significantly increased. Furthermore, we suggest that the increased pyruvate level and decreased levels of choline, acetylcholine, and uremic toxins were suggestive of endocrine disruption and neurodevelopmental toxicity caused by PBDEs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1262–1272, 2017.
Modulating splicing with small molecular inhibitors of the spliceosome
Authors: Effenberger Kerstin A. , Urabe Veronica K. , Jurica Melissa S. 
Published: July 2016

Small molecule inhibitors that target components of the spliceosome have great potential as tools to probe splicing mechanism and dissect splicing regulatory networks in cells. These compounds also hold promise as drug leads for diseases in which splicing regulation plays a critical role, including many cancers. Because the spliceosome is a complicated and dynamic macromolecular machine comprised of many RNA and protein components, a variety of compounds that interfere with different aspects of spliceosome assembly is needed to probe its function. By screening chemical libraries with high‐throughput splicing assays, several labs have added to the collection of splicing inhibitors, although the mechanistic insight into splicing yielded from the initial compound hits is somewhat limited so far. In contrast, SF3B1 inhibitors stand out as a great example of what can be accomplished with small molecule tools. This group of compounds were first discovered as natural products that are cytotoxic to cancer cells, and then later shown to target the core spliceosome protein SF3B1. The inhibitors have since been used to uncover details of SF3B1 mechanism in the spliceosome and its impact on gene expression in cells. Continuing structure activity relationship analysis of the compounds is also making progress in identifying chemical features key to their function, which is critical in understanding the mechanism of SF3B1 inhibition. The knowledge is also important for the design of analogs with new and useful features for both splicing researchers and clinicians hoping to exploit splicing as pressure point to target in cancer therapy. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1381. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1381This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule–RNA Interactions
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms