bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress reactivity in childhood functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Gulewitsch M.D. , Weimer K. , Enck P. , Schwille‐Kiuntke J. , Hautzinger M. , Schlarb A.A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundFrequent abdominal pain (AP) in childhood has been shown to be associated with elevated experience of stress and with deficits in stress coping, but psychophysiological stress reactivity has been studied rarely.MethodsWe examined whether children with frequent AP show altered reactions of the parasympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis during and following an afternoon laboratory social stress task in comparison to healthy children and children with anxiety disorders. Twenty‐four children with frequent AP (18 with functional AP and six with irritable bowel syndrome; M = 9.9 years), and 24 healthy controls underwent stressful free speech and arithmetic tasks. Twelve children with anxiety disorders served as second comparison sample. Groups were compared regarding parasympathetic reaction and saliva cortisol concentration.ResultsWe found no differences in parasympathetic withdrawal between the groups. Concerning the HPA axis, we detected an attenuated cortisol reactivity in children with AP compared to both other groups.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence that childhood AP is not associated with altered parasympathetic withdrawal during stress. It seems to be related to a down‐regulated reactivity of the HPA axis. This pattern was ascertained in comparison to healthy children and also in comparison to children with anxiety disorders.Significance

Childhood abdominal pain could be related to down‐regulated HPA axis reactivity to stress but not to altered parasympathetic reaction.

Children with abdominal pain and children with anxiety disorders exhibit a divergent stress‐related HPA axis reaction.
Seismic reliability‐based ductility demand evaluation for inelastic base‐isolated structures with friction pendulum devices
Authors: Castaldo Paolo , Palazzo Bruno , Ferrentino Tatiana 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe aim of this work is to propose seismic reliability‐based relationships between the strength reduction factors and the displacement ductility demand of nonlinear structural systems equipped with friction pendulum isolators (FPS) depending on the structural properties. The isolated structures are described by employing an equivalent 2dof model characterized by a perfectly elastoplastic rule to account for the inelastic response of the superstructure, whereas, the FPS behavior is described by a velocity‐dependent model. An extensive parametric study is carried out encompassing a wide range of elastic and inelastic building properties, different seismic intensity levels and considering the friction coefficient as a random variable. Defined a set of natural seismic records and scaled to the seismic intensity corresponding to life safety limit state for L'Aquila site (Italy) according to NTC08, the inelastic characteristics of the superstructures are designed as the ratio between the average elastic responses and increasing strength reduction factors. Incremental dynamic analyses (IDAs) are developed to evaluate the seismic fragility curves of both the inelastic superstructure and the isolation level assuming different values of the corresponding limit states. Integrating the fragility curves with the seismic hazard curves related to L'Aquila site (Italy), the reliability curves of the equivalent inelastic base‐isolated structural systems, with a design life of 50 years, are derived proposing seismic reliability‐based regression expressions between the displacement ductility demand and the strength reduction factors for the superstructure as well as seismic reliability‐based design (SRBD) abacuses useful to define the FPS properties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave‐assisted Synthesis of Pd Oxide‐rich Pd Particles on Nitrogen/Sulfur Co‐Doped Graphene with Remarkably Enhanced Ethanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Zhang J. X. , Yang X. L. , Shao H. F. , Tseng C. C. , Wang D. S. , Tian S. S. , Hu W. J. , Jing C. , Tian J. N. , Zhao Y. C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNitrogen and sulfur co‐doped graphene supported Pd oxide‐rich (PdOx‐rich) Pd nanoparticles (Pd/NS‐rGO) are synthesized by microwave‐assisted ascorbic acid reduction method. Raman spectrum reveals that the introduced NS co‐doping could introduce more defects on the graphene surface. X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectrum, SEM and TEM images indicate that the synthesized PdOx‐rich Pd particles are well‐dispersed on NS co‐doped graphene surface. Cyclic voltammograms curves illustrate that the Pd/NS‐rGO catalyst exhibits a larger electrochemically active surface area (35.7 m2 g−1) and higher positive current density (1,054.0 mA mg−1 Pd) than other catalysts prepared by similar methods. The Pd/NS‐rGO catalyst also reveals superior anti‐poisoning intermediate species ability and amazing stability. The electrocatalytic mechanism is also detailedly discussed and the designed Pd/NS‐rGO catalyst has opened up a new insight and methodology for the construction of a high performance and stability ethanol electrocatalysts in corrosive alkaline environments.
Differentiation of bone marrow‐derived stage‐specific embryonic antigen 1 positive pluripotent stem cells into male germ cells
Authors: Shirazi Reza , Zarnani Amir Hassan , Soleimani Masoud , Nayernia Karim , Ragerdi Kashani Iraj 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStudies published in recent years have changed the outlook on sterility and germ cell development by producing gametes from stem cells. In present study, a novel approach on differentiation of bone marrow‐derived stage‐specific embryonic antigen 1 positive (SSEA‐1+) pluripotent stem cells into male germ cells has been addressed. SSEA‐1+ stem cells were separated from murine bone marrow using magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) system and propagated on a feeder layer cells. To evaluate the pluripotency characteristic of the purified cells, they were differentiated toward cells of three germ layers. Later the SSEA‐1+ stem cells were induced to differentiate along male germ cell lineage with retinoic acid. Flowcytometric analysis of SSEA‐1+ stem cells revealed purity of about 62% which increased to 91% after cultivation over feeder cells. Expression of specific transcripts of Oct4, SSEA‐1, Nanog, Dppa3, fragilis, Rex‐1, SOX‐2, and alkaline‐phosphatase and immunofluorescence evaluation of Oct4 and SSEA‐1 expression showed the differentiation of purified stem cells toward the cells of three germ layers. Differentiation potential of purified cells was positively evidenced by expression markers specific for primordial germ cells, spermatogonial stem cells and spermatogonia including Mvh, fragilis, Dppa3, Stra8, DAZL, Piwil2, β1, and α6‐integrins as well as meiotic‐specific marker SYCP3. Our results showed that SSEA‐1+ pluripotent stem cells are able to differentiate into male germ cells. The results of the present study are encouraging enough to merit further investigation, provide a new hope for those suffering from infertility and introduce a novel platform for research on germ cell development.
Temporal accumulation and localization of isoflurane in the C57BL/6 mouse and assessment of its potential contamination in 19F MRI with perfluoro‐crown‐ether‐labeled cardiac progenitor cells at 9.4 Tesla
Authors: Constantinides Christakis , Maguire Mahon L. , Stork Leeanne , Swider Edyta , Srinivas Mangala , Carr Carolyn A. , Schneider Jurgen E. 
Published: December 2016

PurposeTo assess the uptake, accumulation, temporal stability, and spatial localization of isoflurane (ISO) in the C57BL/6 mouse, and to identify its potential interference with the detection of labeled cardiac progenitor cells using 19F MRI/MR spectroscopy (MRS).Materials and MethodsObjectives are demonstrated using (a) in vitro ISO tests, (b) in vivo temporal accumulation/spatial localization C57BL/6 studies (n = 3), and (c) through injections of perfluoro‐crown‐ether (PFCE) labeled cardiac progenitor cells into femoral muscle areas of the murine hindlimb post‐mortem (n = 1) using 1H/19F MRI/MRS at 9.4 Tesla. Data were acquired using double‐gated spoiled gradient echo images and pulse‐acquire spectra. For the in vivo study, the temporal stability of ISO resonances was quantified using coefficient of variability (CV) (5 min) estimates.ResultsTwo ISO resonances were observed in vivo that correspond to the ‐CF3 and ‐OCHF2 moieties. CV values ranged between 3.2 and 6.4% (‐CF3) and 6.4 and 11.2% (‐OCHF2). Reductions of the ISO dose (2.0 to 1.7%) at 80 min postinduction had insignificant effects on ISO signals (P = 0.23; P = 0.71). PFCE‐labeled cells exhibited a resonance at −16.25 ppm in vitro that did not overlap with the ISO resonances, a finding that is confirmed with MRS post‐mortem using injected, labeled cells. Based on 19F MRI, similar in vivo/post‐mortem ISO compartmentalization was also confirmed in peripheral and thoracic skeletal muscles.ConclusionSignificant ISO accumulation was observed by 19F MRS in vivo with temporally stable signals over 90 min postinduction. ISO effects on PFCE labels are anticipated to be minimal but may be more prominent for perfluoropolyether or perfluorooctyl bromide labels.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1659–1667
Comprehensive analysis of nanodiamond evidence relating to the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis
Authors: Daulton Tyrone L. , Amari Sachiko , Scott Andrew C. , Hardiman Mark , Pinter Nicholas , Anderson R. Scott 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTDuring the end of the last glacial period in the Northern Hemisphere near 12.9k cal a BP, deglacial warming of the Bølling–Ållerod interstadial ceased abruptly and the climate returned to glacial conditions for an interval of about 1300 years known as the Younger Dryas stadial. The Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis proposes that the onset of the Younger Dryas climate reversal, Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions and disappearance of the Clovis paleoindian lithic technology were coeval and caused by continent‐wide catastrophic effects of impact/bolide events in North America. While there are no known impact structures dated to the Younger Dryas onset, physical evidence of the impact/bolide events is argued to be present in sediments spanning several continents at stratigraphic levels inferred to date to the Bølling‐Ållerod/Younger Dryas boundary (YDB). Reports of nanometer to submicron‐sized diamonds in YDB sediments, in particular the rare 2H hexagonal polytype of diamond, lonsdaleite, have been presented as strong evidence for shock processing of crustal materials. We review the available data on diamonds in sediments and provide new data. We find no evidence for lonsdaleite in YDB sediments and find no evidence of a spike in nanodiamond concentration at the YDB layer to support the impact hypothesis.
Off‐highway vehicle road networks and kit fox space use
Authors: Jones Andrew S. , Anderson Jesse J. , Dickson Brett G. , Boe Susan , Rubin Esther S. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTOff‐highway vehicle (OHV) use is popular for outdoor recreation across the United States, with especially high levels of participation in Arizona and the American Southwest. Road networks related to OHV recreation have the potential to influence kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) space use intensity. To evaluate the potential impacts of OHV road networks to kit fox space use, we conducted a study during 2010–2013 in 2 areas of the Sonoran Desert in central Arizona. We used an observational approach to determine the importance of road density to kit fox space use, relative to other measured environmental variables. We monitored 22 collared individuals and used linear mixed models and an information‐theoretic approach to develop models of intensity of space use for seasons of relatively low (e.g., 33% of yearly OHV use observed) and high (e.g., 67% of yearly OHV use observed) OHV use. We found road density to be the most important predictor of space use for kit foxes, relative to other measured environmental variables. Space use was negatively associated with road density during winter (Oct–Mar), which coincided with kit fox breeding, denning, and pupping activities and was the season of relatively higher OHV use. Road density in OHV use areas is an important seasonal predictor of, and can negatively influence, kit fox space use. OHV road networks may lead to effective habitat loss for kit foxes and managers must consider how OHV recreational opportunities should be balanced with habitat conservation for species like kit fox. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Survival and population size estimates of the red wolf
Authors: Hinton Joseph W. , White Gary C. , Rabon David R. , Chamberlain Michael J. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTEvaluating anthropogenic mortality is important to develop conservation strategies for red wolf (Canis lupus) recovery. We used 26 years of population data in a generalized linear mixed model to examine trends in cause‐specific mortality and a known‐fate model in Program MARK to estimate survival rates for the reintroduced red wolf population in North Carolina, USA. We found the proportion of mortality attributable to anthropogenic causes, specifically mortality caused by gunshot during fall and winter hunting seasons (Oct–Dec), increased significantly since 2000 and became the leading cause of red wolf death. Mortality rates were greatest for red wolves <4 years of age, and we suspect inexperience with human activities (e.g., hunting) likely caused younger wolves to be more susceptible to opportunistic killing by hunters. Since 1987, the red wolf population steadily grew and peaked at an estimated 151 individuals during 2005 but declined to 45–60 by 2016. To reduce the negative effects of anthropogenic mortality and ensure long‐term persistence of red wolves, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) will need to re‐implement previous long‐standing and proven management practices (e.g., Red Wolf Adaptive Management Plan) on public and private lands and cease issuing take permits. The USFWS will also need to establish an effective management response to mitigate gunshot mortality through stronger regulation of coyote (Canis latrans) hunting and provide adequate ecologically and biologically supported regulatory mechanisms to protect red wolves. Finally, the USFWS should enhance recovery by providing information and education about red wolves to hunters and the general public. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Lack of β, β‐carotene‐9′, 10′‐oxygenase 2 leads to hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular oxidative stress in mice
Authors: Wu Lei , Guo Xin , Hartson Steven D. , Davis Mary Abby , He Hui , Medeiros Denis M. , Wang Weiqun , Clarke Stephen L. , Lucas Edralin A. , Smith Brenda J. , von Lintig Johannes , Lin Dingbo 
Published: December 2016

Scopeβ,β‐Carotene‐9′,10′‐dioxygenase 2 (BCO2) is a carotenoid cleavage enzyme localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane in mammals. This study was aimed to assess the impact of genetic ablation of BCO2 on hepatic oxidative stress through mitochondrial function in mice.Methods and resultsLiver samples from 6‐wk‐old male BCO2−/− knockout (KO) and isogenic wild‐type (WT) mice were subjected to proteomics and functional activity assays. Compared to the WT, KO mice consumed more food (by 18%) yet displayed significantly lower body weight (by 12%). Mitochondrial proteomic results demonstrated that loss of BCO2 was associated with quantitative changes of the mitochondrial proteome mainly shown by suppressed expression of enzymes and/or proteins involved in fatty acid β‐oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. The mitochondrial basal respiratory rate, proton leak, and electron transport chain complex II capacity were significantly elevated in the livers of KO compared to WT mice. Moreover, elevated reactive oxygen species and increased mitochondrial protein carbonylation were also demonstrated in liver of KO mice.ConclusionsLoss of BCO2 induces mitochondrial hyperactivation, mitochondrial stress, and changes of the mitochondrial proteome, leading to mitochondrial energy insufficiency. BCO2 appears to be critical for proper hepatic mitochondrial function.
Pulp Stones Prevalence in a Historical Sample from Radom, Poland (ad 1791–1811)
Authors: Tomczyk J. , Turska‐Szybka A. , Zalewska M. , Olczak‐Kowalczyk D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper provides an investigation of pulp stones in a sample drawn from the historical population of Radom, Poland, dating to between ad 1791 and 1811. This study seeks to determine the frequency of pulp stones, and assess the association between pulp stones and sex, age, dental caries, and dental wear. A total of 780 teeth from 121 adult individuals of both sexes (45 females, 76 males) were examined. Analysis was limited to molars. The average age‐at‐death of each individual was estimated. Total wear scores across the molars were calculated for each individual. Pulp stones were identified by a portable dental X‐ray machine. Pulp stones were found in 94 of 121 individuals and in 273 of 780 molars. No statistically significant correlation was found between pulp stones and age‐at‐death (p = 0.7625) and sex (p = 0.0915), but a significant relationship was found between pulp stones and dental wear (p < 0.0001) and dental caries (p = 0.0016). Our study found that molars affected by highly advanced dental wear were significantly more often accompanied by pulp stones than molars that had experienced limited wear. Similarly, significant correlations were observed for dental caries. It means that pulp stone formation appears to have been contingent upon the irritation of the tooth crown by factors such as forces acting on the tooth crown leading to dental wear or dental caries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Passivation at the interface between liquid‐phase crystallized silicon and silicon oxynitride in thin film solar cells
Authors: Preissler Natalie , Töfflinger Jan Amaru , Gabriel Onno , Sonntag Paul , Amkreutz Daniel , Stannowski Bernd , Rech Bernd , Schlatmann Rutger 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe passivation quality at the interface between liquid‐phase crystallized silicon (LPC‐Si) and a dielectric interlayer (IL) was investigated in terms of the defect state density at the IL/LPC‐Si interface (Dit) as well as the effective fixed charge density in the IL (QIL,eff). Both parameters were obtained via high‐frequency capacitance–voltage measurements on developed metal–insulator–semiconductor structures based on a molybdenum layer sandwiched between the IL and the glass substrate. Dit and QIL,eff were correlated to the open circuit voltage (Voc) and the integrated external quantum efficiency (Jsc,EQE) obtained on corresponding solar cell structures as well as to Voc and Jsc,EQE results based on two‐dimensional simulations. We found that Dit was reduced by one order of magnitude using a hydrogen plasma treatment (HPT) at 400 °C. Irrespectively of the HPT, QIL,eff was > 1012 cm−2. We suggest that field‐effect passivation dominates chemical passivation at the IL/n‐type LPC‐Si interface. We attribute the significant enhancement of Voc and Jsc,EQE observed after HPT on n‐type LPC‐Si solar cells mainly to improvements of the passivation quality in the n‐type LPC‐Si bulk rather than at the IL/n‐type LPC‐Si interface. For p‐type absorbers, the HPT did not improve Voc and Jsc,EQE significantly. We propose that this is because of an insufficient passivation of bulk defects by positively charged hydrogen, which dominates in p‐type silicon, in combination with an insufficient interface passivation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of field soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates using soil N transformation parameters obtained through laboratory incubation
Authors: Urakawa Rieko , Ohte Nobuhito , Shibata Hideaki , Tateno Ryunosuke , Inagaki Yoshiyuki , Oda Tomoki , Toda Hiroto , Fukuzawa Karibu , Watanabe Tsunehiro , Hishi Takuo , Oyanagi Nobuhiro , Nakata Makoto , Fukushima Keitaro , Nakanishi Asami 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe tested the potential of estimating in‐field (in situ) nitrogen (N) transformation rates based on soil temperature data and N transformation parameters (Q10 and N transformation rates at standard temperature) obtained through laboratory incubations at three constant temperatures for 4 weeks. This test was conducted based on a comparison between in situ measurements and estimates using soils from 16 sites across 9 regions within the Japanese archipelago. The actual in situ N mineralization and nitrification rates measured using the buried‐bag method at 0–50‐cm‐soil depth were 111 ± 34 and 106 ± 45 kg N ha−1 year−1, respectively, and estimates of both the rate and the amount were largely accurate. For rate alone, estimates were accurate in the 0–10‐cm soil layer for annual and seasonal averages (except for spring–summer) whereas for amount alone, estimates were accurate to depths of 50 and 30 cm for N mineralization and nitrification, respectively. Thus, estimates of the rates and amounts were approximately equal to the actual in situ rate/amount, given the wide range of prediction intervals of the field measurement data. The differences between the estimates of N transformation rates derived from hourly measured and monthly average soil temperatures were negligible. Therefore, in situ soil N transformations, which are laborious to measure in the field, have the potential to be estimated from a combination of monthly average soil temperatures and N transformation parameters, which are relatively straightforward to obtain through laboratory incubation.
Enzymatic oligomerization and polymerization of arylamines: state of the art and perspectives
Authors: Ćirić-Marjanović Gordana , Milojević-Rakić Maja , Janošević-Ležaić Aleksandra , Luginbühl Sandra , Walde Peter 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe literature concerning the oxidative oligomerization and polymerization of various arylamines, e.g., aniline, substituted anilines, aminonaphthalene and its derivatives, catalyzed by oxidoreductases, such as laccases and peroxidases, in aqueous, organic, and mixed aqueous organic monophasic or biphasic media, is reviewed. An overview of template-free as well as template-assisted enzymatic syntheses of oligomers and polymers of arylamines is given. Special attention is paid to mechanistic aspects of these biocatalytic processes. Because of the nontoxicity of oxidoreductases and their high catalytic efficiency, as well as high selectivity of enzymatic oligomerizations/polymerizations under mild conditions—using mainly water as a solvent and often resulting in minimal byproduct formation—enzymatic oligomerizations and polymerizations of arylamines are environmentally friendly and significantly contribute to a “green” chemistry of conducting and redox-active oligomers and polymers. Current and potential future applications of enzymatic polymerization processes and enzymatically synthesized oligo/polyarylamines are discussed.