bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid Solution Photocatalyst with Spontaneous Polarization Exhibiting Low Recombination Toward Efficient CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Zhou Peng , Wang Xin , Yan Shicheng , Zou Zhigang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDecreasing the recombination of photogenerated carriers is a major challenge for efficiently converting solar energy into chemical energy by photocatalysis. Here, we have demonstrated that growth of a polar GaN:ZnO solid solution single crystal along its polarization axis is beneficial to efficient separation of photogenerated carriers, owing to the periodic potential barriers and wells generated from the periodically positive and negative atom arrangements in crystal structure. Local charge imbalance caused by replacing Ga3+ with Zn2+ leads to a polarization vector in the {0 0 0 1} planes of GaN:ZnO solid solution, thus forming a 1 D electron transport path along [2

0] in the {0 0 0 1} planes of GaN:ZnO solid solution to decrease recombination. Shorting the hole‐transport distance by synthesizing porous nanoplates can further decrease recombination under the polarization field and improve the performance of polar photocatalyst in photoreduction of CO2 into CH4.
Total belowground carbon flux in subalpine forests is related to leaf area index, soil nitrogen, and tree height
Authors: Berryman E. , Ryan M. G. , Bradford J. B. , Hawbaker T. J. , Birdsey R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn forests, total belowground carbon (C) flux (TBCF) is a large component of the C budget and represents a critical pathway for delivery of plant C to soil. Reducing uncertainty around regional estimates of forest C cycling may be aided by incorporating knowledge of controls over soil respiration and TBCF. Photosynthesis, and presumably TBCF, declines with advancing tree size and age, and photosynthesis increases yet C partitioning to TBCF decreases in response to high soil fertility. We hypothesized that these causal relationships would result in predictable patterns of TBCF, and partitioning of C to TBCF, with natural variability in leaf area index (LAI), soil nitrogen (N), and tree height in subalpine forests in the Rocky Mountains, USA. Using three consecutive years of soil respiration data collected from 22 0.38‐ha locations across three 1‐km2 subalpine forested landscapes, we tested three hypotheses: (1) annual soil respiration and TBCF will show a hump‐shaped relationship with LAI; (2) variability in TBCF unexplained by LAI will be related to soil nitrogen (N); and (3) partitioning of C to TBCF (relative to woody growth) will decline with increasing soil N and tree height. We found partial support for Hypothesis 1 and full support for Hypotheses 2 and 3. TBCF, but not soil respiration, was explained by LAI and soil N patterns (r2 = 0.49), and the ratio of annual TBCF to TBCF plus aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) was related to soil N and tree height (r2 = 0.72). Thus, forest C partitioning to TBCF can vary even within the same forest type and region, and approaches that assume a constant fraction of TBCF relative to ANPP may be missing some of this variability. These relationships can aid with estimates of forest soil respiration and TBCF across landscapes, using spatially explicit forest data such as national inventories or remotely sensed data products.
Virgin olive oil yield as affected by physicochemical talc properties and dosage
Authors: Sadkaoui Abir , Jiménez Antonio , Aguilera Maria P. , Pacheco Rafael , Beltrán Gabriel 
Published: August 2016

The aim of this work was to assess the effect of physicochemical characteristics of micronized natural talc (MNT) and its dosage on the industrial oil yield (IY) during virgin olive oil (VOO) extraction of Hojiblanca fruits. For this purpose, laboratory scale experiments were performed testing four commercial MNTs differing in their particle size (D50) and carbonate rate at doses ranging from 0 to 3%. The most efficient MNT was characterized by the highest carbonate rate and the lowest particle size achieving the highest improvement of the IY for a dose of 2%. It was also found that the effect of particles size and carbonate rate depends on the MNT dose, being much more pronounced at lower doses and that the use of MNTs with low carbonate levels or high particle size could be compensated using higher doses of talc.Practical applications: This study provides deeper insights into the clarification of the effect of the addition of different doses of MNT, with different physicochemical characteristics on oil yield of Hojiblanca olive fruits. The information contained in this study should be taken into account to choose the suitable MNT dose considering its physicochemical characteristics in order to improve the oil yield for the so‐called difficult pastes.Physical and chemical characteristics of talc affect VOO yield.
Flavonoids in Selected Mediterranean Fruits: Extraction, Electrochemical Detection and Total Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation
Authors: Issaad Fatima Zohra , Fernandes Isabel P. G. , Enache Teodor A. , Mouats Chabane , Rodrigues Isaide A. , Oliveira‐Brett Ana Maria 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFlavonoids are natural phenolic derivatives that, in low concentration, can provide health benefits by preventing biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, sugars) oxidative damage through free radical mediated reactions. The flavonoids, in selected Mediterranean seasonal fruits: apricot, sour cherry, plum, pomegranate, date, prickly pear (cactus fruit), and nectarine, by RP‐HPLC, coupled with photodiode array and electrochemical detectors, after microwave‐ultrasound assisted extraction, using flavonoid standards, were detected. The total antioxidant capacity in the lyophilized fruit extracts, by differential pulse voltammetry, (electrochemical index‐EI), integrated peak area, and chronoamperometry, was evaluated. In the lyophilized fruit extracts, and the catechin standard, the free radical scavenger efficient concentration (EC50), using DPPH. assay, was determined.
Effect of electrode surface properties on enhanced electron transfer activity in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Choudhury Abhinav , Barbora Lepakshi , Arya Divyanshu , Lal Banwari , Subudhi Sanjukta , Mohan S. Venkata , Ahammad Shaikh Z. , Verma Anil 
Published: August 2016

The influence of electrode surface chemistry over biofilm growth was evaluated for photo‐bioelectrocatalytic fuel cell. A consortium of photosynthetic bacteria was grown onto different electrodes designed with polyethylenimine (PEI) and multiwall carbon nanotubes as hydrophilic and hydrophobic modifier, respectively. The designed electrodes were loaded with 0.08, 0.17, and 0.33 μg/cm2 of PEI to change the hydrophilicity. However, 0.56, 0.72, and 0.83 mg/cm2 of multiwall carbon nanotubes were used to alter the hydrophobicity of the electrodes. The surface chemistry of electrode and bio‐interaction was evaluated as a function of contact angle and biofilm formation. The results were compared with those obtained with a carbon paper electrode. The contact angle on the untreated electrode (carbon paper) was 118°, whereas for hydrophobic and hydrophilic electrodes, the maximum and minimum contact angles were 170° and 0°, respectively. Interestingly, the maximum biofilm growth (0.2275 g, wet basis) was observed on highly hydrophobic surface; however, the maximum electrochemical performance (246 mV) was shown by the most hydrophilic electrode surface. PEI‐based electrode with good biofilm formation showed comparatively higher electrogenic activity.
Insight into sediment transport processes on saline rangeland hillslopes using three‐dimensional soil microtopography changes
Authors: Nouwakpo Sayjro K. , Weltz Mark A. , McGwire Kenneth C. , Williams Jason C. , Osama Al‐Hamdan , Green Colleen H.M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn arid and semi‐arid rangeland environments, an accurate understanding of runoff generation and sediment transport processes is key to developing effective management actions and addressing ecosystem response to changes. Yet, many primary processes (namely sheet and splash and concentrated flow erosion, as well as deposition) are still poorly understood due to a historic lack of measurement techniques capable of parsing total soil loss into these primary processes. Current knowledge gaps can be addressed by combining traditional erosion and runoff measurement techniques with image‐based three‐dimensional (3D) soil surface reconstructions. In this study, data (hydrology, erosion and high‐resolution surface microtopography changes) from rainfall simulation experiments on 24 plots in saline rangelands communities of the Upper Colorado River Basin were used to improve understanding on various sediment transport processes. A series of surface change metrics were developed to quantify and characterize various erosion and transport processes (e.g. plot‐wide versus concentrated flow detachment and deposition) and were related to hydrology and biotic and abiotic land surface characteristics. In general, erosivity controlled detachment and transport processes while factors modulating surface roughness such as vegetation controlled deposition. The extent of the channel network was a positive function of slope, discharge and vegetation. Vegetation may deflect runoff in many flow paths but promoted deposition. From a management perspective, this study suggests that effective runoff soil and salt load reduction strategies should aim to promote deposition of transported sediments rather than reducing detachment which might not be feasible in these resource‐limited environments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blind channel estimation for FBMC‐based PMR transmission
Authors: Terré M. , Féty L. , Ahriz I. , Maoudj R. , Martinod L. , Mege P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe paper presents a blind channel estimation algorithm for an filter bank multicarriers waveform in a fast varying channel context for professional mobile radio transmissions. A fourth‐order power elevation algorithm, followed by an auto‐deconvolution step, directly leading to the channel impulse response estimation, is developed. Simulation results are adapted to the Tetra enhanced data services standard context for hilly terrain propagation model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The system neurophysiological basis of non‐adaptive cognitive control: Inhibition of implicit learning mediated by right prefrontal regions
Authors: Stock Ann‐Kathrin , Steenbergen Laura , Colzato Lorenza , Beste Christian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCognitive control is adaptive in the sense that it inhibits automatic processes to optimize goal‐directed behavior, but high levels of control may also have detrimental effects in case they suppress beneficial automatisms. Until now, the system neurophysiological mechanisms and functional neuroanatomy underlying these adverse effects of cognitive control have remained elusive. This question was examined by analyzing the automatic exploitation of a beneficial implicit predictive feature under conditions of high versus low cognitive control demands, combining event‐related potentials (ERPs) and source localization. It was found that cognitive control prohibits the beneficial automatic exploitation of additional implicit information when task demands are high. Bottom‐up perceptual and attentional selection processes (P1 and N1 ERPs) are not modulated by this, but the automatic exploitation of beneficial predictive information in case of low cognitive control demands was associated with larger response‐locked P3 amplitudes and stronger activation of the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG, BA47). This suggests that the rIFG plays a key role in the detection of relevant task cues, the exploitation of alternative task sets, and the automatic (bottom‐up) implementation and reprogramming of action plans. Moreover, N450 amplitudes were larger under high cognitive control demands, which was associated with activity differences in the right medial frontal gyrus (BA9). This most likely reflects a stronger exploitation of explicit task sets which hinders the exploration of the implicit beneficial information in case of high cognitive control demands. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4511–4522, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
δ15N from soil to wine in bulk samples and proline
Authors: Paolini Mauro , Ziller Luca , Bertoldi Daniela , Bontempo Luana , Larcher Roberto , Nicolini Giorgio , Camin Federica 
Published: August 2016

The feasibility of using δ15N as an additional isotopic marker able to link wine to its area of origin was investigated. The whole production chain (soil–leaves–grape–wine) was considered. Moreover, the research included evaluation of the effect of the fermentation process, the use of different types of yeast and white and red vinification, the addition of nitrogen adjuvants and ultrasound lysis simulating wine ageing. The δ15N of grapes and wine was measured in bulk samples and compounds, specifically in proline, for the first time.Despite isotopic fractionation from soil to wine, the δ15N values of leaves, grapes, wine and particularly must and wine proline conserved the variability of δ15N in the growing soil. Fermentation and ultrasound treatment did not affect the δ15N values of grape must, which was therefore conserved in wine. The addition of inorganic or organic adjuvants was able to influence the δ15N of bulk wine, depending on the amount and the difference between the δ15N of must and that of the adjuvant. The δ15N of wine proline was not influenced by adjuvant addition and is therefore the best marker for tracing the geographical origin of wine. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climatology of cold season lake‐effect cloud bands for the North American Great Lakes
Authors: Laird Neil F. , Metz Nicholas D. , Gaudet Lauriana , Grasmick Coltin , Higgins Lindsey , Loeser Carlee , Zelinsky David A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTGeostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) visible imagery was used to identify lake‐effect (LE) clouds in the North American Great Lakes region for the cold seasons (October–March) of 1997/1998 through 2013/2014 to provide a comprehensive climatological description of the seasonal and interannual variability of LE cloud bands. During the average cold season, at least 60% of days each month had LE clouds over some portion of the Great Lakes region and nearly 75% of all LE days had LE clouds present over several lakes simultaneously. Wind‐parallel bands (WPB) are observed far more frequently than any other type of LE over Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron during the months of December, January, and February. Over Lake Erie, the occurrence of days per month with WPB was found to be approximately 5–10% greater than days with shore‐parallel bands (SPBs) throughout the entire cold season. The greatest frequency of SPB occurrences in the Great Lakes region was over Lake Ontario during the months of January and February (∼20% of days). In addition, Lake Ontario was the only lake where the frequencies of WPB and SPB occurrences were fairly similar each month. The annual frequency of WPB occurrences are the most variable among the Great Lakes, decreasing in frequency from the western lakes toward the eastern lakes. Lake Ontario has the largest annual frequency of SPB occurrences and the greatest variation in SPB annual frequency. Lake Huron has the second largest annual frequency of SPB days with small interannual variation. The primary differences of the annual frequency of lake‐to‐lake (L2L) LE occurrences when compared with previous research were a greater variability in the L2L annual frequency of Superior‐to‐Michigan connections, greater frequency of Michigan‐to‐Huron connections, and less frequent occurrences for Superior‐to‐Huron and Michigan‐to‐Erie connections.
Azido Platform Surfaces for Post‐Functionalization with Aromatic Groups Using the Huisgen Reaction to Obtain High Water Adhesion
Authors: Godeau Guilhem , N'Na Jessica , Guittard Frédéric , Darmanin Thierry 
Published: August 2016

In this work, platform post‐modifications using the Huisgen reaction are reported. Various platform surfaces are developed and post‐functionalized with aryl side chains. The development of different conducting polymer platforms allows the study of the impact of the starting surface on the modified surface properties. Also in this work, different aryl side chains are investigated (with one, two, three, or four aromatic rings) in order to investigate the impact of the side chain on the final surface feature. All the combinations (surface vs aryl side chain) are investigated for their wettability. Highly hydrophobic features are observed with apparent contact angles θ higher than 140° and extremely high water adhesion. Surface morphologies are also investigated and important changes in morphology are observed after surface post‐functionalization. The reported strategy to develop various highly hydrophobic surfaces with high water adhesion feature can be a powerful strategy for water trap elaboration.
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Bioinspired Polarization Sensitive Photodetector System Using Orientation‐Tunable PDA Microfibers Arrays
Authors: Liu Yingying , Xia Hongyan , Cheng Junjie , Zou Gang 
Published: August 2016

Most insect eyes use microvillar photoreceptors, where the visual pigment rhodopsin is aligned within tubular microvilli, endowing the insects with amazing navigation ability through detecting the polarization of illuminating light in the sky. Herein, polydiacetylene‐polystyrene (PDA‐PS) hybrid microfibers are fabricated by electrospinning method and it is demonstrated that PDA‐PS hybrid microfibers exhibit interesting polarized waveguiding properties, which is found to be dependent on the ordered alignment of PDA chains, but not on the propagating distance or the wavelength of the excitation light. Moreover, three PDA‐PS microfibers with different polarized waveguiding behavior can be assembled together as polarization sensitive photoreceptors to mimic the natural rhabdome arrays in insect eyes, since the physical dimensions, structure, and function of single PDA‐PS microfiber are comparable to that of natural rhabdomere.
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Click Crosslinked Chitosan/Gold Nanocomposite Hydrogels
Authors: García‐Astrain Clara , Hernández Rebeca , Guaresti Olatz , Fruk Ljiljana , Mijangos Carmen , Eceiza Arantxa , Gabilondo Nagore 
Published: August 2016

Preparation of novel nanocomposite hydrogels opens up new avenues to next generation of biocompatible materials to be used in bioengineering and drug delivery. Toward this goal, chitosan nanocomposite hydrogels using click chemistry inspired cross‐linking are prepared. To enable this, Diels–Alder reaction of furan‐containing chitosan and maleimide‐coated gold nanoparticles is employed. The viscoelastic properties of the obtained nanocomposites as well as the effect of the nanoparticles as cross‐linkers are studied, indicating that they play significant role in hydrogel formation and stability. Nanoparticle‐enriched hydrogels are also found to demonstrate pH‐sensitivity therefore showing their potential for future biosensing applications.
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Effect of injection rate on contrast‐enhanced MR angiography image quality: Modulation transfer function analysis
Authors: Clark Toshimasa J. , Wilson Gregory J. , Maki Jeffrey H. 
Published: August 2016

PurposeContrast‐enhanced (CE)‐MRA optimization involves interactions of sequence duration, bolus timing, contrast recirculation, and both R1 relaxivity and
‐related reduction of signal. Prior data suggest superior image quality with slower gadolinium injection rates than typically used.MethodsA computer‐based model of CE‐MRA was developed, with contrast injection, physiologic, and image acquisition parameters varied over a wide gamut. Gadolinium concentration was derived using Verhoeven's model with recirculation, R1 and
calculated at each time point, and modulation transfer curves used to determine injection rates, resulting in optimal resolution and image contrast for renal and carotid artery CE‐MRA. Validation was via a vessel stenosis phantom and example patients who underwent carotid CE‐MRA with low effective injection rates.ResultsOptimal resolution for renal and carotid CE‐MRA is achieved with injection rates between 0.5 to 0.9 mL/s and 0.2 to 0.3 mL/s, respectively, dependent on contrast volume. Optimal image contrast requires slightly faster injection rates. Expected signal‐to‐noise ratio varies with both contrast volume and cardiac output. Simulated vessel phantom and clinical carotid CE‐MRA exams at an effective contrast injection rate of 0.4 to 0.5 mL/s demonstrate increased resolution.ConclusionOptimal image resolution is achieved at intuitively low, effective injection rates (0.2–0.9 mL/s, dependent on imaging parameters and contrast injection volume). Magn Reson Med 78:357–369, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
A Risk‐based Approach to Managing Performance‐based Maintenance Contracts
Authors: Jing Huayi , Tang Loon Ching 
Published: August 2016

The global trend towards performance‐based maintenance contracting has presented new challenges to maintenance service providers as they are compensated or penalized based on performance outcomes instead of time and materials consumed during maintenance service. The problem becomes more complex when uncertainties exist in reliability performance and maintenance activities of technical systems.In this paper, a general framework for managing performance‐based maintenance contract under risks is proposed. We illustrate our approach with an application in a multi‐echelon multi‐system spare parts control problem. Several different performance measures are considered and a probabilistic constrained optimization problem is formulated from the perspective of the service provider. Hybrid simulation/analytic heuristics are proposed to solve the problem based on the monotonic properties of performance measures. This approach is flexible and can be applied to a wide range of problems with similar properties. Numerical example shows that the probability of violating performance requirements is high if the risk is overlooked. We also provide guidelines on how to apply this approach in practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.