bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of habitat and fishing on fish assemblages in a tropical reservoir: Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe
Authors: Zengeya Tsungai A. , Marshall Brian E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of habitat and fishing on fish communities along inshore areas of the Sanyati Basin, Lake Kariba. A one‐year experimental gillnet survey was carried out in 2007 from eight sampling sites located in two different habitats (river mouths and sheltered bays), and in areas open or closed to fishing. A total of 16 species were captured, although the numbers caught at each site varied widely, with only four species recorded at each of the eight sampling sites. The numbers of fish were higher in the fished areas, mainly because of large numbers of Synodontis zambezensis, although the differences were not significant. In contrast, there were significant differences in the abundance of all species between habitats, with the exception of Cyphomyrus discorhynchus and Marcusenius macrolepidotus. There were no significant differences in the diversity of fish in these areas, although mean diversity and evenness were slightly higher in unfished areas and in sheltered bays. Overall, 90% of the fish specimens caught were within a 10–25 cm size range, although there were no systematic differences in the mean length in relation to fishing. In contrast, most fish were generally larger in river mouth areas than in sheltered bays. These data suggest that fishing had little effect on fish communities. This is in contrast to general habitat, which had a significant effect, a finding consistent with earlier studies showing that vegetation, in particular, had a significant effect on fish stocks.
Expression of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and pathological change in intussusception
Authors: Guo Wan‐liang , Wang Jian , Liu Chi , Yang Fu‐bin , Li Shao‐wei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to develop a mouse model and further assess the pathological changes associated with the expression of p38mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in intussusception.MethodsSixty‐two adult Balb/C mice were used. A longitudinal incision was made in the middle rectus muscle in the body cavity. The ileum was intussuscepted into the colon. Measurements were taken at the onset of intussusception and at 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. Mucosal impairment was assessed on microscopy. Ten of the intussuscepted mice were used as an ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) model. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess expression of p38MAPK in the I/R model and pediatric patients specimens of intussusception.ResultsThe intussusception model was successfully established in 46 mice. After 15 min, vascular compromise became visible in these 46 mice. Over time, vascular function worsened. There were significant differences in microscopy injury score in the intestinal mucosa between the 15 min and 30 min groups (P = 0.0006), 30 min and 60 min groups (P = 0.0046), and the 60 min and 120 min groups (P = 0.0050). There was no significant difference between the 5 min and 15 min groups (P = 0.0597). p38MAPK was expressed strongly in pediatric specimens of intussusception. Immunostained sections of intestinal epithelium had significantly higher mean quick score for p38MAPK in the intussusception I/R model group than in the intussusception group and controls (P = 0.0130). On each two‐group comparison there was a significant difference between groups (all P < 0.01; Fig. ).ConclusionsThe present mouse model can be used to assess the dynamic pathological changes associated with intussusception. I/R is associated with upregulation of p38MAPK in intussusception.
Mullā Ṣadrā and the Project of Transcendent Philosophy
Authors: Faruque Muhammad U. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this study, we have endeavored to elucidate the ‘project’ of Mullā Ṣadrā's transcendent philosophy (al‐ḥikma al‐mutaʿāliya), an expression that Ṣadrā himself saw fit to describe his philosophical works. The meaning and method of Ṣadrā's transcendent philosophy, which inform his unique philosophical positions, can be better understood when it is placed against the backdrop of discursive philosophy (ḥikma baḥthiyya) of the Muslim peripatetics (al‐mashshāʾīn). In explaining the project of transcendent philosophy, Ṣadrā suggests that the mutaʿllih (deiform one) like any other ordinary philosopher builds theoretical models to describe the nature of reality and its diverse phenomena. However, what sets him/her apart from the latter is that he/she believes that through spiritual practices his/her soul can be transformed to the extent that he/she can attain presential knowledge (al‐ʿilm al‐ḥuḍūrī) of the reality of being (ḥaqīqat al‐wujūd). That is, he/she can well penetrate the true essences (al‐dhawāt) of things insofar as this is a possibility.
Strength Training Using Elastic Bands: Improvement of Muscle Power and Throwing Performance in Young Female Handball Players
Authors: Mascarin Naryana Cristina , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , de Castro Pochini Alberto , da Silva Antonio Carlos , dos Santos Andrade Marilia 
Published: January 2016

Context:Imbalance in shoulder-rotator muscles has been considered a risk factor for injuries in handball. Strength training programs (STPs) may play an important preventive role.Objective:To verify the effects of an STP using elastic bands on shoulder muscles and ball-throwing speed.Design:Randomized and prospective controlled trial.Setting:Exercise physiology laboratory.Participants:Thirty-nine female handball players were randomly assigned to an experimental (EG, n = 21, 15.3 ± 1.1 y) or a control (CG, n = 18, 15.0 ± 0.8 y) group.Intervention:The EG performed the STP with elastic-band progressive exercises for 6 wk before regular handball training, and the CG underwent only their regular training.Main Outcome Measures:Before and after the STP, both groups underwent a ball-throwing-speed test and isokinetic test to assess shoulder internal- (IR) and external-rotator muscle performance.Results:Average power values for IR muscles presented a significant group-vs-time interaction effect (F = 3.9, P = .05); EG presented significantly higher values after the STP (P = .03). Ball speed presented higher values in EG after the STP in standing (P = .04) and jumping (P = .03) throws. IR peak-torque values and balance in shoulder-rotator muscles presented no group-vs-time interaction effect.Conclusions:STP using elastic bands performed for 6 wk was effective to improve muscle power and ball speed for young female handball players.
Taxonomic studies on Acridinae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea: Acrididae) from the northeastern states of India
Authors: Khan Mohammed Imran , Usmani Mohammed Kamil 
Published: January 2016

<p>From a survey of the northeastern states of India, seven species belonging to three genera of the subfamily Acridinae were recorded. In addition to conventional morphological characters, the detailed structure of the male and female genitalia were studied. All the species are described and illustrated. A key to the known genera of the subfamily Acridinae is also provided. </p><div> </div>
Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus (Aves: Passeriformes: Sylviidae) in Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Maharashtra - a rare record for peninsular India
Authors: Pandya Parvish , Choursiya Vikrant , James Jyoti 
Published: January 2016

<p>Dusky Warbler (Phylloscopus fuscatus) winters in certain Asian and European countries. It is commonly seen in the eastern parts of India but sporadically distributed in peninsular India. It was observed on few occasions at the site visited by authors. This report is for one of its rare sightings, in the peninsular region of India in Sanjay Gandhi National Park.</p><div> </div>
Total Thrombus‐Formation Analysis System (T‐TAS) Can Predict Periprocedural Bleeding Events in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ito Miwa , Kaikita Koichi , Sueta Daisuke , Ishii Masanobu , Oimatsu Yu , Arima Yuichiro , Iwashita Satomi , Takahashi Aya , Hoshiyama Tadashi , Kanazawa Hisanori , Sakamoto Kenji , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Tsujita Kenichi , Yamamuro Megumi , Kojima Sunao , Hokimoto Seiji , Yamabe Hiroshige , Ogawa Hisao 
Published: January 2016

Background

Non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are used to prevent thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. The T‐
TAS
“Total Thrombus‐formation Analysis System” (Fujimori Kogyo Co Ltd) was developed for quantitative analysis of thrombus formation using microchips with thrombogenic surfaces (collagen, platelet chip [
PL
] ; collagen plus tissue factor, atheroma chip [
AR]
). We evaluated the utility of T‐
TAS
in predicting periprocedural bleeding in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing catheter ablation (
CA
).

Methods and Results

After exclusion of 20 from 148 consecutive patients undergoing
CA
, the remaining 128 patients were divided into 2 treatment groups: the warfarin group (n=30) and the non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants group (n=98). Blood samples obtained on the day of
CA
(anticoagulant‐free point) and at 3 and 30 days after
CA
were used in T‐
TAS
to compute the thrombus formation area under the curve (
AUC
;
AUC
for the first 10 minutes for
PL
tested at flow rate of 24 μL/min [
PL
24
‐
AUC
10
];
AUC
for the first 30 minutes for
AR
tested at flow rate of 10 μL/min [
AR
10
‐
AUC
30
]).
AR
10
‐
AUC
30
and
PL
24
‐
AUC
10
levels were similar in the 2 groups on the day of
CA
. Levels of
AR
10
‐
AUC
30
, but not
PL
24
‐
AUC
10
, were significantly lower in the 2 groups at days 3 and 30 after
CA
. Multiple logistic regression analyses identified the
AR
10
‐
AUC
30
level on the day of
CA
as a significant predictor of periprocedural bleeding events (odds ratio 5.7; 95%
CI
1.54–21.1;
P
=0.009). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the
AR
10
‐
AUC
30
level on the day of
CA
significantly predicted periprocedural bleeding events (
AUC
0.859, 95%
CI
0.766–0.951;
P
<0.001). The cutoff
AR
10
‐
AUC
30
level was 1648 for identification of periprocedural bleeding events.

Conclusions

These results suggested that the
AR
10
‐
AUC
30
level determined by T‐
TAS
is a potentially useful marker for prediction of bleeding events in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing
CA
.
Functional connectivity predictors and mechanisms of cognitive behavioural therapies: A systematic review with recommendations
Authors: Mason Liam , Peters Emmanuelle , Kumari Veena 
Published: January 2016

Objective: While there is now strong evidence that psychological therapies can alter the activity of individual brain regions, their impact on the functional integration between regions has not yet been systematically evaluated. This area is important given that brain dysconnectivity has been implicated across almost all psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, we sought to establish connectivity predictors and mechanisms of effective psychological therapies. We further establish whether connectivity changes represent normalisation of disorder pathophysiology or compensatory changes. Method: We reviewed studies examining structural and functional connectivity longitudinally as either a predictor or outcome variable of successful psychological therapies across psychiatric disorders. Results: Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria. All but three related to cognitive behavioural therapy. Of these, five assessed resting state, nine probed affective processing and one probed cognitive processing. Twelve studies reported evidence of functional connectivity as a significant predictor or outcome of cognitive behavioural therapy, with prefronto-limbic circuitry most commonly implicated. Only six studies included healthy participants, limiting direct inferences about normalisation as opposed to compensatory changes. Anxiety disorders were overrepresented, totalling 13 of the studies reviewed. No studies examined structural connectivity or utilised analyses allowing the directionality of functional connectivity to be inferred. Conclusion: While the evidence base is still in its infancy for other therapy approaches, there was clearer evidence that functional connectivity both predicts and is altered by cognitive behavioural therapy. Connections from prefrontal cortex appear especially key, perhaps given their role in cognitive appraisal of lower order affective, motivational and cognitive processes. A number of recommendations are made for this rapidly developing literature.
Childhood adversities: Social support, premorbid functioning and social outcome in first-episode psychosis and a matched case-control group
Authors: Trauelsen Anne Marie , Bendall Sarah , Jansen Jens E , Nielsen Hanne-Grethe L , Pedersen Marlene B , Trier Christopher H , Haahr Ulrik H , Simonsen Erik 
Published: January 2016

Objective: The establishment of childhood adversities as risk factors for non-affective psychosis has derived a need to consider alternative interpretations of several psychosis-related factors. This paper sought to examine premorbid adjustment trajectories and social outcome factors in relation to childhood adversities. Perceived support has been found to decrease the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder, and we wished to compare perceived support in people with first-episode psychosis to non-clinical control persons and explore its relation to childhood adversities. Method: Every individual presenting with a non-affective first-episode psychosis (F20–29, except F21) in Region Zealand over a 2-year period was approached for participation and the 101 consenting participants were matched to 101 people with no psychiatric disorders. Comprehensive demographic data were collected. Assessment instruments included the Premorbid Assessment Scale, the Global Assessment of Functioning scale and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The latter represented the childhood adversities in addition to parental separation and institutionalization. Results: There were no associations between number of childhood adversities and different social or academic premorbid trajectories. Those with more adversities had lower global functioning the year prior to treatment start and reported lower rates of perceived support during childhood along with less current face-to-face contact with family members. Lack of peer support remained a significant predictor of psychosis when adversities were adjusted for; peer support diminished the risk of psychosis caused by childhood adversities by 10%. Conclusion: Childhood adversities may not predict specific premorbid trajectories, but have an effect on global functioning when the psychosis has begun. Perceived support, especially from peers, may be important in the development of psychosis, and those with more adversities may represent a vulnerable subgroup who need more assistance to increase and maintain supportive networks.
Quality versus quantity: The complexities of quality of life determinations for neonatal nurses
Authors: Green Janet , Darbyshire Philip , Adams Anne , Jackson Debra 
Published: January 2016

Background: The ability to save the life of an extremely premature baby has increased substantially over the last decade. This survival, however, can be associated with unfavourable outcomes for both baby and family. Questions are now being asked about quality of life for survivors of extreme prematurity. Quality of life is rightly deemed to be an important consideration in high technology neonatal care; yet, it is notoriously difficult to determine or predict. How does one define and operationalise what is considered to be in the best interest of a surviving extremely premature baby, especially when the full extent of the outcomes might not be known for several years? Research question: The research investigates the caregiving dilemmas often faced by neonatal nurses when caring for extremely premature babies. This article explores the issues arising for neonatal nurses when they considered the philosophical and ethical questions about quality of life in babies ≤24 weeks gestation. Participants: Data were collected via a questionnaire to Australian neonatal nurses and semi-structured interviews with 24 neonatal nurses in New South Wales, Australia. Ethical considerations: Ethical processes and procedures have been adhered to by the researchers. Findings: A qualitative approach was used to analyse the data. The theme ‘difficult choices’ was generated which comprised three sub-themes: ‘damaged through survival’, ‘the importance of the brain’ and ‘families are important’. The results show that neonatal nurses believed that quality of life was an important consideration; yet they experienced significant inner conflict and uncertainty when asked to define or suggest specific elements of quality of life, or to suggest how it might be determined. It was even more difficult for the nurses to say when an extremely premature baby’s life possessed quality. Their previous clinical and personal experiences led the nurses to believe that the quality of the family’s life was important, and possibly more so than the quality of life of the surviving baby. This finding contrasts markedly with much of the existing literature in this field. Conclusion: Quality of life for extremely premature babies was an important consideration for neonatal nurses; however, they experienced difficulty deciding how to operationalise such considerations in their everyday clinical practice.
Taxane-induced arthralgia and myalgia: A literature review
Authors: Chiu Nicholas , Chiu Leonard , Chow Ronald , Lam Henry , Verma Sunil , Pasetka Mark , Chow Edward , DeAngelis Carlo 
Published: January 2016

Purpose Arthralgia and myalgia following taxane chemotherapy has been documented in the literature. However, these two toxicities associated with taxane treatment have not been closely examined in the literature, and data remain inconsistent in terms of the reported incidences of these toxicities. The purpose of this literature review was to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the incidence of taxane-induced arthralgia and myalgia, as well as to document the risk factors and preventative and therapeutic treatments that have been investigated. Methods A literature search was conducted in Ovid Medline, OldMedline, Embase, Embase Classic, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials using relevant subject headings and keywords such as: “arthralgia,” “myalgia,” “muscle pain,” “joint pain,” “taxane,” “chemotherapy,” “docetaxel,” “paclitaxel.” Results The reported incidences of arthralgia and myalgia were variable. Taxane chemotherapy was found to be associated with greater incidences of arthralgia and myalgia than non-taxane forms of chemotherapy. Moreover, docetaxel and nab-paclitaxel seem to be associated with lower incidences of arthralgia and myalgia than paclitaxel. Finally, the literature on prevention and therapeutic treatment of taxane-induced arthralgia and myalgia is scarce. Conclusion More studies should be done in order to more conclusively identify optimal therapeutic and preventative treatments as well as different risk factors. We recommend that a prospective study be done in order to better understand the true incidence of arthralgia and myalgia in patients being treated with the paclitaxel, docetaxel, and nab-paclitaxel.
Prospect of bamboo as a renewable textile fiber, historical overview, labeling, controversies and regulation
Authors: Nayak Lopamudra , Mishra Siba Prasad 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInnovation in textile has brought alternative plant based fibers such as bamboo into the spotlight and as a replacement to petrochemical based synthetic fibers. Bamboo as a raw material is a remarkably sustainable and versatile resource but the manufacturing process is where the debate really gets heated and the sustainability and green image of bamboo is tarnished. Products made from bamboo are often labeled as ‘eco-friendly’, ‘bio-degradable’ and ‘anti-microbial’ irrespective of their method of manufacturing. The claims may not always portray the products authenticity and true environmental impact. By far, viscose process is predominantly used to create fibers from bamboo but the properties of natural bamboo fibers in such bamboo viscose products have been lost. However, bamboo textiles are not yet achieved their full potential and cleaner production processes are appearing. With abundant sources of raw material, relatively low cost; and unique performance of bamboo fiber it is only a matter of time to develop green and pure bamboo textiles. This paper analyses the prospects of bamboo fibers providing a view on bamboo as a plant and processed fiber, facts regarding the antimicrobial properties of bamboo fibers, its chemical properties, morphology, anatomy, historical overview, patents and modern bamboo textile industry.
Salivary Cortisone Reflects Cortisol Exposure Under Physiological Conditions and After Hydrocortisone
Authors: Debono Miguel , Harrison Robert F. , Whitaker Martin J. , Eckland David , Arlt Wiebke , Keevil Brian G. , Ross Richard J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Context:
Measuring serum cortisol to evaluate stress, adrenal disease, and monitor hydrocortisone replacement requires venepuncture. Conversely, salivary measurements are noninvasive.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate measurement of salivary cortisol and cortisone as alternatives to serum cortisol.

Design and Setting:
This was a prospective cross-over study in a clinical research facility.

Patients and Methods:
Over three periods (Period 1, 24-h physiological cortisol rhythm; Periods 2 and 3, after 20 mg oral and iv hydrocortisone) 14 male volunteers had serum and saliva cortisol and cortisone, serum albumin, cortisol-binding globulin, and free cortisol measured. Data were analyzed for rhythm parameters and correlations. Linear mixed-effects modelling was performed to determine the relationship between serum cortisol and salivary cortisone.

Results:
Serum cortisol and cortisone showed similar circadian rhythms with large peak:trough ratios (cortisol median ratio, 11). Albumin and cortisol-binding globulin showed minor peak:trough ratios &lt;1.2. When serum cortisol was &lt;74 (SD, 29) nmol/L, salivary cortisol was not detectable but salivary cortisone was always detected. Salivary cortisol post-oral hydrocortisone produced spurious results due to contamination. Under physiological conditions, salivary cortisone correlated strongly with serum cortisol (ρ, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.89–0.93; P &lt; .001). Similarly, following iv or oral hydrocortisone, salivary cortisone correlated strongly with serum cortisol (ρ, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.89–0.92; P &lt; .001). A mixed-effects model showed that in this population 94% of the variation in salivary cortisone could be predicted from serum cortisol.

Conclusion:
Salivary cortisol is frequently undetectable and contaminated by oral hydrocortisone. In contrast, salivary cortisone reflects serum cortisol and provides a noninvasive alternative to measuring serum cortisol levels.
West Nile Virus Infection in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Winkelmann Evandro R. , Luo Huanle , Wang Tian 
Published: January 2016

West Nile virus (WNV), a neurotropic single-stranded flavivirus has been the leading cause of arboviral encephalitis worldwide. Up to 50% of WNV convalescent patients in the United States were reported to have long-term neurological sequelae. Neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are available for humans. Animal models have been used to investigate WNV pathogenesis and host immune response in humans. In this review, we will discuss recent findings from studies in animal models of WNV infection, and provide new insights on WNV pathogenesis and WNV-induced host immunity in the central nervous system.