bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress alters mitochondrial homeostasis in isolated brain capillaries
Authors: Velmurugan Gopal V. , Vekaria Hemendra J. , Hartz Anika M.S. , Bauer Björn , Hubbard W. Brad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Neurovascular deficits and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction are major hallmarks of brain trauma and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress is a prominent contributor to neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction and can propagate BBB disruption. Oxidative damage results in an imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis, which can further drive functional impairment of brain capillaries. To this end, we developed a method to track mitochondrial-related changes after oxidative stress in the context of neurovascular pathophysiology as a critical endophenotype of neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods
To study brain capillary-specific mitochondrial function and dynamics in response to oxidative stress, we developed an ex vivo model in which we used isolated brain capillaries from transgenic mice that express dendra2 green specifically in mitochondria (mtD2g). Isolated brain capillaries were incubated with 2,2’-azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide dihydrochloride (AAPH) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce oxidative stress through lipid peroxidation. Following the oxidative insult, mitochondrial bioenergetics were measured using the Seahorse XFe96 flux analyzer, and mitochondrial dynamics were measured using confocal microscopy with Imaris software.

Results
We optimized brain capillary isolation with intact endothelial cell tight-junction and pericyte integrity. Further, we demonstrate consistency of the capillary isolation process and cellular enrichment of the isolated capillaries. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and morphology assessments were optimized in isolated brain capillaries. Finally, we found that oxidative stress significantly decreased mitochondrial respiration and altered mitochondrial morphology in brain capillaries, including mitochondrial volume and count.

Conclusions
Following ex vivo isolation of brain capillaries, we confirmed the stability of mitochondrial parameters, demonstrating the feasibility of this newly developed platform. We also demonstrated that oxidative stress has profound effects on mitochondrial homeostasis in isolated brain capillaries. This novel method can be used to evaluate pharmacological interventions to target oxidative stress or mitochondrial dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease and neurovascular pathophysiology as major players in neurodegenerative disease.
Perceptions about dementia clinical trials among underrepresented populations: a nationally representative survey of U.S. dementia caregivers
Authors: Leggins Brandon , Hart Danielle M. , Jackson Ashley J. , Levenson Robert W. , Windon Charles C. , Merrilees Jennifer , Chiong Winston 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The research community has historically failed to enroll diverse groups of participants in dementia clinical trials. A unique aspect of dementia care research is the requirement of a study partner, who can attest to the care recipient’s clinical and functional capacity. The aim of this study is to assess racial and ethnic differences and the importance of various trial considerations among dementia caregivers, in their decision to participate in clinical research as study partners.

Method
We embedded a vignette about a hypothetical dementia clinical trial in a nationally representative survey of U.S. dementia caregivers, oversampling non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic caregivers. Dementia caregivers were asked about their willingness to participate in the trial with their care recipient and rated the importance of nine considerations in hypothetical decisions to participate. Caregiver demographic characteristics were analyzed as predictors of trial participation in a base demographic model. In a second reasons model caregiver demographic characteristics and the rated importance of the nine considerations were separately analyzed as predictors; both models used survey-weighted logistic regression.

Result
The sample consisted of 610 dementia caregivers, including 156 non-Hispanic Black and 122 Hispanic caregiver participants. In the base demographic model, hypothetical trial participation was negatively associated with older caregiver age (OR (odds ratio) = 0.72, p = < 0.001). In the reasons model, the rated importance of a social responsibility to help others by participating in research was significantly associated with participation (OR = 1.56, p = 0.049), while the importance of the possibility of the care recipient experiencing serious side effects was negatively associated with participation (OR = 0.51, p = 0.003). In both models there was no significant difference in hypothetical participation between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White caregivers, or between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White caregivers.

Conclusion
Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black dementia caregivers were not less likely than non-Hispanic White dementia caregivers to participate in a hypothetical dementia clinical trial. Our study suggests that failures to recruit diverse populations in dementia clinical research are not attributable to less willingness among members of underrepresented groups but may instead reflect structural barriers and historic exclusion from trial participation.
Real-world experience: a retrospective pediatric chart review to determine why patients and caregivers discontinue oral immunotherapy
Authors: Plessis Amy A. , Cameron Scott B. , Invik Rosemary , Hanna Mariam , Mack Douglas P. , Cook Victoria E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is an increasingly utilized management strategy for IgE-mediated food allergy. Despite promising efficacy and effectiveness, there is still a lack of data surrounding the reasons for discontinuation of OIT. The primary reason stated in the literature for discontinuation is adverse gastrointestinal effects. Social factors contributing to OIT discontinuation have not been well reported. We hypothesize that social considerations are significant contributors to treatment discontinuation.

Methods
We completed a retrospective chart review of 50 patients treated in community pediatric allergy practices who discontinued OIT out of 507 patients who were started on OIT between October 1, 2017-October 27, 2022. Reasons for discontinuation were identified and classified into five main categories: unsafe care decisions, anxiety, adverse effects of OIT, uncontrolled comorbidity and social factors. Categories were not exclusive.

Results
507 patients were started on OIT, with data available for 50 patients who discontinued OIT, aged 10 months to 18 years and 2 months. The overall discontinuation rate was 9.8%, of which 40 patients (80%) discontinued during buildup, 9 patients (18%) discontinued during maintenance and one patient on two food OIT discontinued one food during buildup and one during maintenance (2%). Thirty-four patients (68%) had multiple reasons for discontinuing OIT. Social factors were the most common reason for discontinuation and were identified in 32 patients (64%). Twenty-four patients (48%) discontinued OIT due to adverse effects. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most prevalent, while anaphylaxis contributed to discontinuation in 15 patients (30%). Anxiety led to discontinuation in 17 patients (34%).

Conclusions
Our data highlights the importance of social factors and anxiety in the success of OIT completion. Our results support the need to consider not only the patient’s medical history, but also their social history and support networks when selecting patients who are good candidates for OIT to optimize the successful completion of OIT.
Advances and prospect in natural beauty evaluation: insights for the World Heritage karst
Authors: Zhao Xi , Xiong Kangning , Zhang Meng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Natural beauty evaluation is an important branch of geography and landscape studies and has profound impact on the protection and sustainable development of World Heritage sites (WHs). However, systematic literature reviews in this field are insufficient. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed 262 relevant studies in the Web of Science and CNKI databases published since 1982, systematically reviewed the research progress in the field of natural beauty evaluation, analyzed the current main research methods, theoretical frameworks, and application practices, and explored their specific implications for the World Heritage karst sites (WHKs). The following observations were made. (1) The number of publications has been increasing year by year, reaching its peak in 2019, indicating increasing research interest in this field. (2) The research content covers five aspects: theory, evaluation indicators, methods, technology, and World Heritage value. The proportion of research on technology integration (33.94%) and evaluation methods (28.05%) is the highest, accounting for 61.99% of the total, and indicating a positive inclination toward innovation and development of research methods. (3) Methodology tends toward interdisciplinary collaboration, and evaluation methods have gradually shifted from a single qualitative description to quantitative, diversified, and interdisciplinary comprehensive evaluation. The combination of traditional and emerging technologies such as SD method, SBE method, AHP method, neuroscience, and UGC data has increased, breaking through time and space constraints and expanding data sources. (4) In future studies, the assessment of natural beauty should concentrate on aesthetic preferences across diverse cultural contexts, develop a concept of global localization, and enhance evaluators' aesthetic perception through multisensory integration. Simultaneously utilizing UGC data to balance the authority of evaluation standards and the inclusiveness of evaluation systems, developing quantifiable indicators, and improving quantitative research in analogy methods; Finally, a karst landscape aesthetic evaluation model is constructed from both global and local perspectives, providing scientific reference for the formation of a unified evaluation system.
Development of three-dimensional forward modeling method for the magnetometric resistivity (MMR) method
Authors: Tada Noriko , Kido Motoyuki , Seama Nobukazu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe have developed a 3-D forward modeling method for the magnetometric resistivity (MMR) technique, specially focusing on the marine MMR method, which utilizes a vertical bipole source and seafloor receivers to measure magnetic field variations. The bipole source generates an artificial electric current between two electrodes: one on the sea surface and another on the seafloor. When computing the electric potential using the relaxation method, while conserving electric current, singularities arise at the electrode locations. To address this issue, we introduce two electrical resistivity structures to mitigate the effects of these singularities and to obtain magnetic field anomalies caused by arbitrary 3-D electrical resistivity anomalies beneath the seafloor. By determining the sign of the magnetic field anomaly, we can infer whether the electrical resistivity of the anomalous body is more conductive or more resistive compared to the surrounding oceanic crust. Furthermore, we demonstrate that increasing the number of bipole sources is more effective in exploring anomalous bodies than increasing the number of receivers.
Graphical abstract
Building paper bridges: adapting citizenship and immigration regimes to international displacement
Authors: Besserer Rayas Andrés , Finn Victoria , Freier Luisa Feline 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImplementation gaps in the areas of naturalization and immigrant regularization emerge through a mismatch between the documents a residence country requires, and the documents that refugees and migrants can realistically provide. Those caught in this gap may live undocumented or risk statelessness. Residence countries can close such paperwork gaps by adapting legal interpretations and easing administrative requirements. When Colombia faced large-scale international displacement from Venezuela, state actors identified documentation-based implementation gaps in its nationality law and regularization procedures; they then took an innovative – yet not faultless – approach by adapting its citizenship and immigration regimes to accommodate displaced Venezuelans. These changes strengthened access to essential rights and increased the well-being of many. In this article, we develop the concepts of paperwork gaps and paper bridges and discuss the actors, impact, and limitations of Colombia’s policy innovations in the areas of nationality by birth, naturalization, and regularization based on research conducted from 2020 to 2023. The study advances the literature on government learning regarding policies within citizenship and immigration regimes that target internationally displaced populations.
Comprehensive analysis of a necroptosis-associated diagnostic signature for myelodysplastic syndromes based on single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Zhang Li , Liang Xiaoning , Zhang Lihong , Ma Bing , Li Yuexian , Wang Jianying , Shen Yang , Pang Yuhui , Xiong Jianjun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous and clonal hematological disorders. The role and mechanism of necroptosis in MDS remain poorly understood.

Methods
mRNA expression profiles and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were sourced from the GEO database. ScRNA-seq data were processed using the “Seurat” package. After cell annotation, necroptosis-related scores (NRscores) for each cell were calculated using the “UCell” package. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their associated biological functions in NRscore-related cell populations were identified. Additionally, DEGs and necroptosis-related genes (DE-NRGs) between MDS patients and healthy controls were identified. Consensus clustering was employed to classify MDS patients into distinct subclusters based on DE-NRGs. The biological functions and immune characteristics of these classifications were analyzed. Prognostic gene signatures were determined using LASSO and SVM-RFE analyses, and a nomogram was constructed based on the prognostic gene signature.

Results
A total of 12 cell types were identified in MDS and healthy controls. NRscore was found to be elevated in monocytes and common lymphoid precursors (CLPs). Enrichment analysis revealed that monocytes and CLPs with high NRscore were associated with mitochondria-related and immune-related pathways. Eleven DEGs in monocytes and CLPs between MDS patients and healthy controls were identified. Additionally, 13 DE-NRGs were identified from 951 DEGs between MDS and healthy controls. MDS patients were classified into two distinct subclusters based on these 13 DE-NRGs, revealing several immune-related processes and signaling pathways. Differences in immune subpopulations between the two subclusters were observed. A necroptosis-related diagnostic gene signature (IRF9, PLA2G4A, MLKL, BAX, JAK2, and STAT3) was identified as predictive of MDS prevalence.

Conclusion
Necroptosis plays a role in MDS progression by inducing inflammation. A novel necroptotic gene signature has been developed to distinguish and diagnose MDS at early stages of the disease.
Current progress on pathogenicity-related genes in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4
Authors: Chen Deng , Ju Minghao , Xie Jianghui , Chen Xiao-Lin , Peng Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVascular wilt, a disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4), is highly destructive to bananas. Identifying genes that contribute to the fungus's virulence is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research on genes involved in various aspects of Foc TR4's pathogenic process. These include signal recognition and transduction, the formation of cellular structures, regulation through microRNA and epigenetic mechanisms, effector secretion, and toxin secretion. We place a particular emphasis on discussing effectors that either facilitate virulence or serve as elicitors of host defense responses. Given the limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Foc TR4 pathogenesis, summarizing the research on these functional genes is necessary and timely. Our integrative information will facilitate research on identification of more key genes involved in the invasiveness of Foc TR4, contributing to more systemic understanding of pathogenesis of this important pathogen. These findings will, in turn, offer potential targets for the development of effective fungicides or soil disinfectants to combat this devastating disease.
The role of mobile shopping service quality in enhancing customers M-satisfaction, M-loyalty, and E-word of mouth
Authors: Hassan Heba E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the increasing prevalence of mobile shopping (m-shopping) apps, service quality (SQ) has been recognized as a prominent factor in distinguishing the best apps available online. As limited studies have explored how to estimate mobile SQ, this study attempts to expand our understanding of the primary dimensions that shape customer judgments of the overall mobile SQ related to m-shopping activity by validating the mobile SQ (M-S-QUAL) scale in a new cultural setting, e.g., Egypt. It also examines the interrelationships between mobile SQ and three outcome variables: mobile satisfaction (m-satisfaction), mobile loyalty (m-loyalty), and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM). The results support the validity of using the M-S-QUAL scale to assess the mobile SQ of m-shopping platforms. Moreover, the findings emphasize the role of m-shopping SQ in enhancing consumers’ m-satisfaction, thereby improving m-loyalty and increasing favorable e-WOM. The results also show that responsiveness and efficiency are the primary driving forces underlying the SQ dimensions of the investigated outcome variables.
Graphical abstract
Quantification of the nonlinear effect in a seismic signal using Holo-Hilbert spectral analysis
Authors: Zong Zhaoyun , Wang Chaohe , Luo Chengping 
Published: October 2024

Seismic signals are nonstationary and nonlinear because of excitation conditions, absorption, and the attenuation of stratum and receiving instruments. Various time-frequency analysis methods have been widely and practically applied in describing the time-varying characteristics of seismic signals. However, most methods are based on additive expansions and cannot represent the nonlinearity of signals, which is achieved by a multiplicative process. Therefore, the information provided by the time-frequency spectrum needs to be completed. The Holo-Hilbert spectral analysis (HHSA) method is introduced in this paper to show the nonlinearity of seismic signals, i.e., the modulation effect of low-frequency components on high-frequency components. HHSA contains nested empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert transforms to achieve a full informational spectrum represented by two frequency dimensions. In the Holo-Hilbert spectrum, one dimension represents the frequency-modulated frequency, which characterizes the nonstationarity of the signal, and the other dimension represents the amplitude-modulated frequency, which indicates the nonlinear effect in the signal. Synthetic and field data examples verify the feasibility of HHSA in characterizing the cross-frequency interaction of nonstationary seismic signals as a potential tool to detect reservoirs.
Grief and coping among relatives of patients who died of COVID-19 in intensive care during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rodriguez-Villar Sancho , Okegbola Elijah Oluwafemi , Arevalo-Serrano Juan , Duval Yasmine , Mathew Annie , Rodriguez-Villar Carmen , Smith Kirsten V. , Kennedy Robert Charles , Prigerson Holly G. 
Published: October 2024

Background
The grief of relatives of patients who died of COVID-19 in an intensive care unit (ICU) has exacted an enormous toll worldwide.

Aims
To determine the prevalence of probable prolonged grief disorder (PGD) at 12 months post-loss and beyond. We also sought to examine circumstances of the death during the COVID-19 pandemic that might pose a heightened risk of PGD, and the associations between probable PGD diagnosis, quality of life and social disconnection.

Method
We conducted an observational, cross-sectional multicentre study of the next of kin of those who died of COVID-19 between March 2020 and December 2021. Participants were recruited from ICUs in South-East London. The Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (PG-13-R), Quality-of-Life Scale (QOLS) and Oxford Grief-Social Disconnection Scale (OG-SD) were used.

Results
A total of 73 relatives were recruited and assessed, all of them over a year after their loss. Twenty-five (34.2%; 95% CI 23.1–45.4%) relatives of patients who died in the ICU met the criteria for PGD. Those who met the criteria had significantly worse quality of life (QOLS score mean difference 26; 95% CI 17–34; P < 0.001) and endorsed greater social disconnection (OG-SD score means difference 41; 95% CI 27–54; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The findings suggest that rates of PGD are elevated among relatives of patients who died of COVID-19 in the ICU. This, coupled with worse quality of life and greater social disconnection experienced by those meeting the criteria, suggests the need to attend to the social deprivations and social dysfunctions of this population group.
Discriminative Power of the Flow through Cell Dissolution Tester in Predicting the In Vivo Performance of Pentoxifylline SR Product under Fed and Fasting Conditions
Authors: Taha Nesrin F. , Emara Laila H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study explored, for the first time the role of different designs of the Flow-Through-Cell (FTC, USP IV) dissolution Tester in predicting the in-vivo performance of Pentoxifylline (PTX) sustained-release (SR) market product, under fed & fasting conditions. Release studies of Trental® SR 400 mg (Sanofi, Egypt), were carried-out in the FTC under different conditions, including: different volumes / compositions of release media, variable FTC flow patterns as well as applying open / closed loop configuration setups. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data, obtained from literature, were converted to in-vivo fraction-absorbed [FA] using Wagner-Nelson (WN) method. A 1:1 IVIVC was investigated by comparing PTX fraction-dissolved [FD] under different FTC release designs versus calculated [FA]. Predicted PK parameters were evaluated, and compared with actual data, with estimation of prediction-error (PE%). The suggested FTC design; a closed-loop setup, with turbulent-flow pattern of the dissolution medium; provided the most acceptable PTX release according to USP labeled limits (USP 27). Also, results showed that PTX release was pronouncedly increased in a finite-volume of gradient-buffer system rather than water, which guarantee complete resemblance to GIT environment. This release design presented the most predictive IVIVC model with PTX in-vivo performance under fasting / fed states, with acceptable PE% values in terms of Cmax and AUCs. A suggested FTC design is proposed as an alternative dissolution model in the official USP-monograph for PTX SR products.
Graphical Abstract