bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The BPP program for species tree estimation and species delimitation
Authors: Yang Ziheng 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper provides an overview and a tutorial of the BPP program, which is a Bayesian MCMC program for analyzing multi-locus genomic sequence data under the multispecies coalescent model. An example dataset of five nuclear loci from the East Asian brown frogs is used to illustrate four different analyses, including estimation of species divergence times and population size parameters under the multispecies coalescent model on a fixed species phylogeny (A00), species tree estimation when the assignment and species delimitation are fixed (A01), species delimitation using a fixed guide tree (A10), and joint species delimitation and species-tree estimation or unguided species delimitation (A11). For the joint analysis (A11), two new priors are introduced, which assign uniform probabilities for the different numbers of delimited species, which may be useful when assignment, species delimitation, and species phylogeny are all inferred in one joint analysis. The paper ends with a discussion of the assumptions, the strengths and weaknesses of the BPP analysis.
Male Drosophila melanogaster learn to prefer an arbitrary trait associated with female mating status
Authors: Verzijden Machteld N. , Abbott Jessica K. , Philipsborn Anne C. von , Loeschcke Volker 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Although males are generally less discriminating than females when it comes to choosing a mate, they still benefit from distinguishing between mates that are receptive to courtship and those that are not, in order to avoid wasting time and energy. It is known that males of Drosophila melanogaster are able to learn to associate olfactory and gustatory cues with female receptivity, but the role of more arbitrary, visual cues in mate choice learning has been overlooked to date in this species. We therefore carried out a series of experiments to determine: 1) whether males had a baseline preference for female eye color (red versus brown), 2) if males could learn to associate an eye color cue with female receptivity, and 3) whether this association disappeared when the males were unable to use this visual cue in the dark. We found that naïve males had no baseline preference for females of either eye color, but that males which were trained with sexually receptive females of a given eye color showed a preference for that color during a standard binary choice experiment. The learned cue was indeed likely to be truly visual, since the preference disappeared when the binary choice phase of the experiment was carried out in darkness.This is, to our knowledge 1) the first evidence that male D. melanogaster can use more arbitrary cues and 2) the first evidence that males use visual cues during mate choice learning. Our findings suggest that that D. melanogaster has untapped potential as a model system for mate choice learning.
A Typology of Players: Between Instinctive and Contemplative *
Authors: Rubinstein Ariel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA new typology of players is proposed based on the classification of actions as either instinctive or contemplative. A person’s type is the probability of him choosing a contemplative action. To test the typology, results of 10 games are analyzed. Actions in each game were classified depending on whether their response time was more or less, respectively, than the median response time of all subjects who played the game. It is argued that fast actions are more instinctive and slow actions are more contemplative. A subject’s contemplative index (CI) is defined as the proportion of games in which he chose a contemplative action. It is found that for 8 of the 10 games, the CI in the other 9 games is positively correlated with a player’s choice of a contemplative action in that game (average Spearman correlation of 9%). The CI is used to shed light on the nature of choice in five additional games.
Measuring Income Tax Evasion Using Bank Credit: Evidence from Greece *
Authors: Artavanis Nikolaos , Morse Adair , Tsoutsoura Margarita 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe document that in semiformal economies, banks lend to tax-evading individuals based on the bank’s assessment of the individual’s true income. This observation leads to a novel approach to estimate tax evasion. We use microdata on household credit from a Greek bank and replicate the bank underwriting model to infer the banks estimate of individuals’ true income. We estimate that 43–45% of self-employed income goes unreported and thus untaxed. For 2009, this implies €28.2 billion of unreported income, implying forgone tax revenues of over €11 billion or 30% of the deficit. Our method innovation allows for estimating the industry distribution of tax evasion in settings where uncovering the incidence of hidden cash transactions is difficult using other methods. Primary tax-evading industries are professional services—medicine, law, engineering, education, and media. We conclude with evidence that contemplates the importance of institutions, paper trail, and political willpower for the persistence of tax evasion.
Radiographic Predictors of Compartment Syndrome Occurring After Tibial Fracture
Authors: Allmon Christopher , Greenwell Patrick , Paryavi Ebrahim , Dubina Andrew , O'Toole Robert V. 
Published: February 2016

Objectives:
Compartment syndrome (CS) is a potentially devastating injury associated with tibial fractures. Few data exist regarding radiographic indicators of CS. We hypothesized that radiographic signs are associated with development of CS.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Level I trauma center.

Patients:
Consecutive series of adult patients with tibial fractures with (n = 56) and without (n = 922) CS.

Intervention:
None.

Outcomes:
AO/OTA fracture classification, Schatzker type, fracture length, fibular fracture, CS diagnosis.

Results:
The odds of CS increased by 1.67 per 10% increase in the ratio of fracture length to tibial length when considering all fractures. CS was most likely to occur with plateau fractures at 12% (shaft fractures, 3%; pilon fractures, 2%). Schatzker VI fractures were more likely to develop CS than any other Schatzker type. Fibular fracture was predictive of CS with plateau fractures only. Segmental fractures (AO/OTA type 42-C2) were not more likely to develop CS than other shaft fractures.

Conclusions:
Several objective and easily reproducible radiographic indicators should raise suspicion for CS. CS was more likely in plateau fractures, especially when fracture length was >20% of the tibial length, in the presence of fibular fracture, and classified as Schatzker VI. Conversely, segmental tibial shaft fractures were not more likely than other shaft fractures to develop CS.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Incidence of Preoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis in Calcaneal Fractures
Authors: Williams Joan R. , Little Milton T. M. , Kramer Patricia A. , Benirschke Stephen K. 
Published: February 2016

Objectives:
This study examined the incidence and risk factors of preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients presenting to an outpatient setting with an isolated calcaneal fracture.

Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
All patients included in the study presented to the treating surgeon at a Level I trauma center with isolated calcaneal fractures as an outpatient between 2005 and 2013.

Methods:
These patients were either referred from outside hospitals, had been evaluated in the emergency department initially and presented for definitive care, or presented initially to the outpatient clinic. Patients included were over the age of 18, had a preoperative duplex ultrasonography of bilateral lower extremities per the treating surgeon's protocol, and had at minimum 6 weeks follow-up. Patients were excluded if they were a polytrauma, had a documented hypercoagulable state, or were on baseline pharmacologic anticoagulation for another condition. All patients had a preoperative duplex ultrasound of both lower extremities to evaluate for DVT at least 7 days after injury.

Main Outcome Measure:
Patients found to have a preoperative DVT were compared with those who did not have preoperative DVT for possible risk factors.

Results:
One hundred fifty-nine patients qualified for our study and of these, 19 (12%) were found to have a DVT preoperatively, almost all of which were in distal veins. All risk factors, including age, sex, and body mass index were analyzed as continuous variables. Older age was found to be a risk factor for DVT (P = 0.009, Odds Ratio = 1.06, 95% CI, 1.01–1.11). All other predictor variables, including body mass index (P = 0.05) and sex (P = 0.08), were not statistically significant predictors in our sample.

Conclusions:
The incidence of preoperative DVT found here is almost 2 times as high as any previously published examination of lower extremity injuries. Physicians should be aware of this increase so they may counsel patients about the risks of DVTs and the likelihood of any sequelae from developing a DVT that may affect a patient's recovery.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Antiatherogenic Roles of Dietary Flavonoids Chrysin, Quercetin, and Luteolin
Authors: Basu Anandita , Das Anindhya S. , Majumder Munmi , Mukhopadhyay Rupak 
Published: February 2016

Abstract:Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the commonest cause of global mortality and morbidity. Atherosclerosis, the fundamental pathological manifestation of CVDs, is a complex process and is poorly managed both in terms of preventive and therapeutic intervention. Aberrant lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation play critical roles in the development of atherosclerosis. These processes can be targeted for effective management of the disease. Although managing lipid metabolism is in the forefront of current therapeutic approaches, controlling inflammation may also prove to be crucial for an efficient treatment regimen of the disease. Flavonoids, the plant-derived polyphenols, are known for their antiinflammatory properties. This review discusses the possible antiatherogenic role of 3 flavonoids, namely, chrysin, quercetin, and luteolin primarily known for their antiinflammatory properties.
Are Evidence-based Practices Associated With Effective Prevention of Hospital-acquired Pressure Ulcers in US Academic Medical Centers?
Authors: Padula William V. , Gibbons Robert D. , Valuck Robert J. , Makic Mary B.F. , Mishra Manish K. , Pronovost Peter J. , Meltzer David O. 
Published: February 2016

Background:
In 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) established nonpayment policies resulting from costliness of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) to hospitals. This prompted hospitals to adopt quality improvement (QI) interventions that increase use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for HAPU prevention.

Objective:
To evaluate the longitudinal impact of CMS policy and QI adoption on HAPU rates.

Materials and Methods:
We characterized longitudinal adoption of 25 QI interventions that support EBPs through hospital leadership, staff, information technology, and performance and improvement. Quarterly counts of HAPU incidence and inpatient characteristics were collected from 55 University HealthSystem Consortium hospitals between 2007 and 2012. Mixed-effects regression models tested the longitudinal association of CMS policy, HAPU coding, and QI on HAPU rates. The models assumed level-2 random intercepts and random effects for CMS policy and EBP implementation to account for between-hospital variability in HAPU incidence.

Results:
Controlling for all 25 QI interventions, specific updates to EBPs for HAPU prevention had a significant, though modest reduction on HAPU rates (−1.86 cases/quarter; P=0.002) and the effect of CMS nonpayment policy on HAPU prevention was much greater (−11.32 cases/quarter; P<0.001).

Conclusions:
HAPU rates were significantly lower after changes in CMS reimbursement. Reductions are associated with hospital-wide implementation of EBPs for HAPU prevention. Given that administrative data were used, it remains unknown whether these improvements were due to changes in coding or improved quality of care.
Pressure Ulcers Among Newly Admitted Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Doupe Malcolm B. , Day Suzanne , McGregor Margaret J. , John Philip St , Chateau Dan , Puchniak Joe , Dik Natalia , Sarkar Joykrishna 
Published: February 2016

Objectives:
Pressure ulcers (PUs) are reported more often among newly admitted nursing home (NH) residents who transfer from hospital versus community. We examine for whom this increased risk is greatest, further defining hospitalized patients most in need of better PU preventive care.

Research Design:
Retrospective observational cohort study.

Subjects:
All NH residents (N=5617) newly admitted between April 1, 2008 and March 31, 2012 in Winnipeg, MB, Canada.

Measures:
RAI-MDS 2.0 data were linked to administrative health care use files capturing each person’s NH admission date, their presence of a PU at this time, whether they transferred into NH from hospital or community, and their PU susceptibility (eg, amount of help needed to maneuver in bed or to transfer from one surface to another, frequency of incontinence, presence of diabetes, amount of food consistently left uneaten). Log-binomial regression with interaction terms was used to analyze data.

Results:
67.6% of our cohort transferred into a NH directly from hospital; 9.2% of these residents were reported to have a stage 1+ PU on NH admission versus 2.6% of those who transferred from community. From regression models, transferring from hospital versus community was associated with increased PU risk equally across various subgroups of less and more susceptible residents.

Conclusions:
Transferring from hospital versus community places both more and less susceptible newly admitted NH residents at increased PU risk. Using evidence-based preventive care practices is thus needed for all subgroups of hospital patients before NH use, to help reduce PU risk.
Exploring entrepreneurial conceptions, beliefs and intentions of Greek graduates
Authors: Kakouris Alexandros 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify entrepreneurial conceptions and beliefs of Greek graduates, comparing science and economics graduates and nascent entrepreneurs to general population samples. Differences in conceptions are further examined as determinants of entrepreneurial intention.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper utilizes a 34-item questionnaire for a graduates’ survey in a science and an economics department (n=413). The questions concern five major subjects of entrepreneurial thinking: conceptualizing entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial success factors, motivation, risk management and business financing. Entrepreneurial intention is identified through a six-item scale. Structural equation model is used to retrieve an explanatory pattern for the present variables and data.

Findings
– Greek science and economics graduates typically exhibit differences in beliefs that downsize through entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurial nascence is supported by personal competencies, self-confidence, planning capacities and adoption of an entrepreneurial style. Beyond expected dependencies on personal entrepreneurial competencies, motives, organizational skills and other subjective beliefs, possible misapprehension of entrepreneurial notions were found to reduce the entrepreneurial intention. The latter result differentiates nascent entrepreneurs from latent ones.

Research limitations/implications
– Limitations concern the full representation of Greek universities, the representation of science disciplines and the exhaustive representation of the spectrum of beliefs associated with business venturing.

Practical implications
– Findings have direct implications for entrepreneurship education and educational policies. This is because beliefs are cognitive structures which can be altered through effective education and counseling methods.

Social implications
– Findings reflect socio-economic influences on young potential entrepreneurs in Greece during the debt crisis.

Originality/value
– The paper originally contributes to the survey of entrepreneurial beliefs in Greece. Beliefs are thought culture and field of study specific, and thus, the paper not only covers a gap in literature for the Greek population, but also adds comparative analyses between: science/economics graduates and the nascent entrepreneurs/general population. In this way, it seeks the origin of different beliefs and also attempts a consistent examination of their relations into relevant conceptualizations as determinants of entrepreneurial intention. Comparisons between economics and science students are scarce in the literature offering insights toward the interdisciplinary fostering of entrepreneurial mindsets.
Entrepreneurial universities in the region: the force awakens?
Authors: Culkin Nigel 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The growth in popularity of the regional innovation system approach has, in part, been driven by the need for economies to respond to the after shocks of the global financial crisis. At the same time, the author sees the term anchor institutions are used increasingly to describe organisations that have an important presence in the local community and make some strategic contribution to the local economy. The purpose of this paper is to consider the needs of the micro and small business (MSB) ecosystem through the lens of the entrepreneurial university as a regional anchor institution.

Design/methodology/approach
– Asheim et al. (2011) refers to regional innovation systems as, an emphasis on economic and social interaction between agents, spanning the public and private sectors to engender and diffuse innovation within regions embedded in wider national and global systems. According to Doloreux and Parto (2005) three dimensions underpin the use of the regional innovation systems concept, namely: the interactions between different actors in the innovation process, the role of institutions and the use of regional systems analysis to inform policy decisions. The author has drawn on contemporary literature on the entrepreneurial university, regional systems of innovation and institutions to explore some key qualities and problems around anchor Institutions, networks and national and local policy.

Findings
– Following the Chancellor’s Comprehensive Spending Review in November 2015 and post the changes in the Department of Business Innovation and Skills remit the author wants to highlight the way universities can take a lead role as an anchor institution within their region. The author argues that this role should include providing a wider range of formal and informal support, knowledge and resource for MSBs, alongside the usual SME suspects (Hart and Anyadike-Danes, 2014; Witty, 2013; Wilson, 2012). Based on my analysis and involvement in the the work of the eight Entrepreneurial Universities of the Year Award winners – during the author’s time as President of ISBE – He suggested four different ways in which collaboration might be enhanced to ensure MSBs make maximum use of the advice and support on offer from universities playing this anchor role.

Originality/value
– The results emerging from this work suggest a need for regional policy makers to embrace a innovation-supportive culture, which actually enables firms and systems to evolve over time would be far more effective than those proposed in the latest Comprehensive Spending Review. The outcomes of which will see some of the most robustly evaluated programmes, designed to support small firm growth, closed down and replaced by a commitment (by government) to secure a strong, growing economy, cutting of more red tape and extending small business rate relief for an extra year (Mole, 2015).
Predicting corporate financial distress using data mining techniques
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Mousavi Shiri Mahmoud , Bolandraftar Pasikhani Mohammad 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– Financial distress is the most notable distress for companies. During the past four decades, predicting corporate bankruptcy and financial distress has become a significant concern for the various stakeholders in firms. This paper aims to predict financial distress of Iranian firms, with four techniques: support vector machines, artificial neural networks (ANN), k-nearest neighbor and na

i
ve bayesian classifier by using accounting information of the firms for two years prior to financial distress.

Design/methodology/approach
– The distressed companies in this study are chosen based on Article 141 of Iranian Commercial Codes, i.e. accumulated losses exceeds half of equity, based on which 117 companies qualified for the current study. The research population includes all the companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during the financial period from 2011-2012 to 2013-2014, that is, three consecutive periods.

Findings
– By making a comparison between performances of models, it is concluded that ANN outperforms other techniques.

Originality/value
– The current study is almost the first study in Iran which used such methods to analyzing the data. So, the results may be helpful in the Iranian condition as well for other developing nations.
Integration of Internet of Things components into a firm’s offering portfolio – a business development framework
Authors: Gerpott Torsten J , May Sebastian 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to provide a foundation for firms trying to evaluate the suitability of Internet of Things (IoT)-enhanced offerings against the background of their current portfolio. Currently, quite a number of companies consider revising or extending their portfolio of products and services by incorporating IoT components to achieve competitive advantages. However, an unsystematic and autotelic addition of connected sensors and actuators to present offerings does not necessarily lead to substantial market success.

Design/methodology/approach
– The approach of this paper is to identify different roles which IoT components can play in offering portfolios; clarify business development objectives, which can be achieved by the combination of products and services with IoT components; and report case examples which help to highlight how business development objectives can be reached with the help of IoT components fulfilling specific roles.

Findings
– IoT components may play three different roles when integrated into product or service offerings. This role differentiation is crucial in understanding how IoT amendments can be instrumental in supporting the achievement of specific business development objectives pursued by a firm.

Research limitations/implications
– The framework is based on conceptual considerations. To overcome this limitation, empirical research on technology-, cost- and customer-related impacts of IoT-enhanced offerings is desirable.

Practical/implications
– Firms need to evaluate three roles which IoT components can play against the background of their present product portfolio when developing new business strategies.

Originality/value
– This paper combines literature on the principles of operation of IoT applications and business models with current use-cases to provide implications for IoT-related business development issues.