bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombination‐dependent replication and gene conversion homogenize repeat sequences and diversify plastid genome structure
Authors: Ruhlman Tracey A. , Zhang Jin , Blazier John C. , Sabir Jamal S. M. , Jansen Robert K. 
Published: April 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:There is a misinterpretation in the literature regarding the variable orientation of the small single copy region of plastid genomes (plastomes). The common phenomenon of small and large single copy inversion, hypothesized to occur through intramolecular recombination between inverted repeats (IR) in a circular, single unit‐genome, in fact, more likely occurs through recombination‐dependent replication (RDR) of linear plastome templates. If RDR can be primed through both intra‐ and intermolecular recombination, then this mechanism could not only create inversion isomers of so‐called single copy regions, but also an array of alternative sequence arrangements.METHODS:We used Illumina paired‐end and PacBio single‐molecule real‐time (SMRT) sequences to characterize repeat structure in the plastome ofMonsonia emarginata(Geraniaceae). We used OrgConv and inspected nucleotide alignments to infer ancestral nucleotides and identify gene conversion among repeats and mapped long (>1 kb) SMRT reads against the unit‐genome assembly to identify alternative sequence arrangements.RESULTS:AlthoughM. emarginatalacks the canonical IR, we found that large repeats (>1 kilobase; kb) represent ∼22% of the plastome nucleotide content. Among the largest repeats (>2 kb), we identified GC‐biased gene conversion and mapping filtered, long SMRT reads to theM. emarginataunit‐genome assembly revealed alternative, substoichiometric sequence arrangements.CONCLUSION:We offer a model based on RDR and gene conversion between long repeated sequences in theM. emarginataplastome and provide support that both intra‐and intermolecular recombination between large repeats, particularly in repeat‐rich plastomes, varies unit‐genome structure while homogenizing the nucleotide sequence of repeats.
Development and characterization of EST‐SSR markers in Stipa breviflora (Poaceae)
Authors: Ren Jing , Su Zhi‐Zhen , Dang Zhen‐Hua , Ding Yu , Wang Pei‐Xuan , Niu Jian‐Ming 
Published: April 2017

Premise of the study:Stipa breviflora (Poaceae) is one of the dominant species of the desert steppe in the eastern Eurasian grasslands. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed for use in genetic diversity studies of this species.Methods and Results:A total of 1954 potentially polymorphic loci were obtained by comparing transcriptome data of eight different S. breviflora individuals. We selected 81 loci to verify polymorphism and 63 loci amplified, of which 21 loci exhibited polymorphism. The number of alleles per locus varied from two to 24, the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.083 to 0.958, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.396 to 0.738.Conclusions:These newly identified SSR loci can be used for population genetic and landscape genetic studies of S. breviflora. In addition, 14 loci also amplified in six related Stipa species (S. grandis, S. krylovii, S. bungeana, S. aliena, S. gobica, and S. purpurea).
Statistical Study of Solar Dimmings Using CoDiT
Authors: Krista Larisza D. , Reinard Alysha A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We present the results from analyzing the physical and morphological properties of 154 dimmings (transient coronal holes) and the associated flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Each dimming in our 2013 catalog was processed with the semi-automated Coronal Dimming Tracker using Solar Dynamics Observatory AIA 193 Å observations and HMI magnetograms. Instead of the typically used difference images, we used our coronal hole detection algorithm to detect transient dark regions “directly” in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images. This allowed us to study dimmings as the footpoints of CMEs—in contrast with the larger, diffuse dimmings seen in difference images that represent the projected view of the rising, expanding plasma. Studying the footpoint-dimming morphology allowed us to better understand the CME structure in the low corona. While comparing the physical properties of dimmings, flares, and CMEs we were also able to identify relationships between the different parts of this complex eruptive phenomenon. We found that larger dimmings are longer-lived, suggesting that it takes longer to “close down” large open magnetic regions. Also, during their growth phase, smaller dimmings acquire a higher magnetic flux imbalance (i. e., become more unipolar) than larger dimmings. Furthermore, we found that the EUV intensity of dimmings (indicative of local electron density) correlates with how much plasma was removed and how energetic the eruption was. Studying the morphology of dimmings (single, double, fragmented) also helped us identify different configurations of the quasi-open magnetic field.
Comprehensive Study of Thermal Desorption of Grain-surface Species by Accretion Shocks around Protostars
Authors: Miura Hitoshi , Yamamoto Tetsuo , Nomura Hideko , Nakamoto Taishi , Tanaka Kyoko K. , Tanaka Hidekazu , Nagasawa Makiko 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We conducted numerical simulations of the dust heating in accretion shocks induced by the interaction between the infalling envelope and the Keplerian disk surrounding a protostar, in order to investigate the thermal desorption of molecules from the dust-grain surfaces. It is thought that the surfaces of the amorphous dust grains are inhomogeneous; various adsorption sites with different binding energies should therefore exist. We assumed that the desorption energy has a Gaussian distribution and investigated the effect of the desorption energy distribution on the desorption-efficiency evaluation. We calculated the desorption fractions of the grain-surface species for wide ranges of input parameters and summarized our results in a shock diagram. The resulting shock diagram suggests that the enhanced line emissions around protostars observed using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array cannot be explained by the thermal desorption in an accretion shock if typical interstellar dust-grain sizes (

) and a single desorption energy are considered. On the other hand, if significantly smaller dust grains are the main grain-surface species carriers and the desorption energy has a Gaussian distribution, the origin of the enhanced line emission can be explained by the accretion shock heating scenario for all of the three protostars examined in this study: IRAS 04368+2557, IRAS 04365+2535, and IRAS 16293–2422. The small-grain-carrier supposition is quite reasonable when the dust grains have a power-law size distribution because the smaller grains primarily contribute to the dust-grain surface area.
On the Decreasing Fraction of Strong Lyα Emitters around z ∼ 6-7
Authors: Sadoun Raphael , Zheng Zheng , Miralda-Escudé Jordi 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The fraction of galaxies with strong Lyα emission has been observed to decrease rapidly with redshift at z ≳ 6, after a gradual increase at z < 6. This has been interpreted as being a trace of the reionization of the intergalactic medium (IGM): the emitted Lyα photons would be scattered by an increasingly neutral IGM at z > 6. We study this effect by modeling the ionization and Lyα radiative transfer in the infall region and the IGM around a Lyα emitting galaxy (LAE), for a spherical halo model with the mean density and radial velocity profiles in the standard ΛCDM cosmological scenario. We find that the expected fast increase of the ionizing background intensity toward the end of the reionization epoch implies a rapid evolution of halo infall regions from being self-shielded against the external ionizing background to being mostly ionized. Whereas self-shielded infall regions can scatter the Lyα photons over a much larger area than the commonly used apertures for observing LAEs, the same infalling gas is no longer optically thick to the Lyα emission line after it is ionized by the external background, making the Lyα emission more compact and brighter within the observed apertures. Based on this simple model, we show that the observed drop in the abundance of LAEs at z > 6 does not imply a rapid increase with redshift of the fraction of the whole IGM volume that is atomic, but is accounted for by a rapid increase of the neutral fraction in the infall regions around galaxy host halos.
Long-term CCD Photometry and Physical Properties of the sdB+M Eclipsing System 2M 1533+3759
Authors: Lee Jae Woo , Youn Jae-Hyuck , Hong Kyeongsoo , Han Wonyong 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
New CCD photometry of seven successive years from 2010 is presented for the HW Vir-type eclipsing binary 2M 1533+3759. Using the VI light curves together with the radial-velocity data given by For et al., we determined the absolute parameters of each component to be M
1 = 0.442 ± 0.012 M
⊙, M
2 = 0.124 ± 0.005 M
⊙, R
1 = 0.172 ± 0.002 R
⊙, R
2 = 0.157 ± 0.002 R
⊙, L
1 = 19.4 ± 1.4 L
⊙, and L
2 = 0.002 ± 0.002 L
⊙. These indicate that 2M 1533+3759 is a detached system consisting of a normal sdB primary and an M7 dwarf companion. Detailed analyses of 377 minimum epochs, including our 111 timings, showed that the orbital period of the system remains constant during the past 12 years. Inspecting both types of minima, we found a delay of 3.9 ± 1.0 s in the arrival times of the secondary eclipses relative to the primary eclipse times. This delay is in satisfactory agreement with the predicted Rømer delay of 2.7 ± 1.4 s, and the result is the second measurement in sdB+M eclipsing binaries. The time shift of the secondary eclipse can be explained by some combination of the Rømer delay and a non-zero eccentricity. Then the binary star would have a very small eccentricity of

.
The Deflection of the Cartwheel CME: ForeCAT Results
Authors: Capannolo Luisa , Opher Merav , Kay Christina , Landi Enrico 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We analyze the Cartwheel coronal mass ejection's (CME; 2008 April 9) trajectory in the low corona with the ForeCAT model. This complex event presented a significant rotation in the low corona and a reversal in its original latitude direction. We successfully reproduce the observed CME’s trajectory (latitude and longitude deflection) and speed. Through a

test, we are able to constrain the CME’s mass to (2.3−3.0) × 1014 g and the CME’s initial shape. We are able to constrain the expansion of the CME as well: the angular width linearly increases until 2.1

, and is constant afterward. In order to match the observed latitude, we include a non-radial initial speed of −42 km s−1. Despite allowing the CME to rotate in the model, the magnetic forces of the solar background are not able to reproduce the observed rotation. We suggest that the complex reversal in latitude and the significant rotation of the Cartwheel CME can be justified with an asymmetrical reconnection event that ejected the CME non-radially and also initiated its rotation.
Detection of Submillimeter-wave [C i] Emission in Gaseous Debris Disks of 49 Ceti and β Pictoris
Authors: Higuchi Aya E. , Sato Aki , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Sakai Nami , Iwasaki Kazunari , Momose Munetake , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Ishihara Daisuke , Watanabe Sakae , Kaneda Hidehiro , Yamamoto Satoshi 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We have detected [C i] 3
P
1–3
P
0 emissions in the gaseous debris disks of 49 Ceti and β Pictoris with the 10 m telescope of the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment, which is the first detection of such emissions. The line profiles of [C i] are found to resemble those of CO(J = 3–2) observed with the same telescope and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. This result suggests that atomic carbon (C) coexists with CO in the debris disks and is likely formed by the photodissociation of CO. Assuming an optically thin [C i] emission with the excitation temperature ranging from 30 to 100 K, the column density of C is evaluated to be (2.2 ± 0.2) × 1017 and (2.5 ± 0.7) × 1016 cm−2 for 49 Ceti and β Pictoris, respectively. The C/CO column density ratio is thus derived to be 54 ± 19 and 69 ± 42 for 49 Ceti and β Pictoris, respectively. These ratios are higher than those of molecular clouds and diffuse clouds by an order of magnitude. The unusually high ratios of C to CO are likely attributed to a lack of H2 molecules needed to reproduce CO molecules efficiently from C. This result implies a small number of H2 molecules in the gas disk, i.e., there is an appreciable contribution of secondary gas from dust grains.
L’envie dans la vie quotidienne
Authors: Joseph Betty 
Published: April 2017

Ce texte vise à décrire et à débattre de la notion d’envie, de ses manifestations les plus simples et les plus conscientes à ses aspects les plus destructeurs et les plus blessants ( spoiling ), conscients ou inconscients, et à la considérer comme un aspect inévitable de la vie mentale et de la vie quotidienne. Lorsque l’envie est trop intense et qu’elle n’est pas assez tempérée par l’amour, elle perturbe les relations normales avec les autres et la construction d’une structure caractérielle saine et vivable ; et elle contribue à de graves difficultés émotionnelles. La douleur de l’envie nous amène à édifier différentes défenses que j’ai décrites ici. Un bref matériel clinique issu d’un cas a été évoqué pour montrer l’envie en action dans un traitement analytique. Les buts de la thérapie ont été évoqués en termes de promotion d’une meilleure intégration des différentes forces en conflit, de manière à atténuer ainsi le cercle vicieux qu’une envie insuffisamment tempérée tend à perpétuer.
Accueillir l’envie
Authors: Perdigon Vincent 
Published: April 2017

L’envie ne se prête pas particulièrement à être accueillie : elle suscite plutôt des réactions de rejet. La question se pose néanmoins d’un accueil de ce qui apparaît en dernier ressort comme l’expression d’une souffrance indicible. Qu’en est-il de cette souffrance et de la fonction d’accueil de l’analyste nécessaire à son dépassement ?
La théorie de l’agence et la concession des services publics : le cas des chemins de fer camerounais
Authors: Bidiasse Honoré 
Published: April 2017

L’objet de cet article est d’évaluer la pertinence du modèle principal-agent comme cadre d’analyse de la concession du chemin de fer au Cameroun. Plusieurs paramètres montrent qu’il s’agit bien d’une relation d’agence dans ce contrat : la délégation de pouvoirs de l’État (principal) au concessionnaire (agent) ; l’hypothèse d’un déficit d’information en faveur de l’agent ; l’existence d’un mécanisme de partage de risque. Cependant, la théorie de l’agence est mise à mal du fait de la mauvaise définition du périmètre de la concession, ce qui conduit à un renchérissement des coûts d’agence et ouvre la voie aux comportements stratégiques des acteurs.
Justice climatique et négociations internationales
Authors: Bourban Michel 
Published: April 2017

Cet article s’inspire des principes normatifs ancrés dans le régime climatique onusien pour proposer un dispositif institutionnel permettant de réduire l’écart grandissant entre les politiques climatiques internationales et les exigences de la justice climatique. Il explique pour quelles raisons les engagements nationaux des pays développés sont insuffisants et inéquitables à ce jour. Il développe ensuite, à partir de la norme dite « des responsabilités communes mais différenciées et des capacités respectives », un cadre normatif pour rendre les engagements futurs plus ambitieux et plus justes. L’objectif est d’intégrer un calculateur d’équité aux contributions nationalement déterminées des pays et d’expliquer pourquoi cette proposition est politiquement faisable.
La nature du vote oral. Leçons d’une étude de cas
Authors: Urfalino Philippe 
Published: April 2017

À partir d’une étude détaillée des débats et scrutins de comités d’experts contemporains, cet article conforte une hypothèse élaborée à partir des pratiques électorales du moyen Âge et de l’Ancien Régime : le vote oral est un mode de décision spécifique. Ces propriétés distinctes montrent qu’il n’est pas un vote comme un autre.
Un cas de famillicide : crime et psychose
Authors: Camps François-David 
Published: April 2017

Cet article étudie les liens entre crime et psychose. À partir de l’étude du cas clinique d’un homme atteint de schizophrénie ayant tué toute sa famille, l’article tente de mettre en lumière les diverses interprétations de l’acte meurtrier tout en les liant aux impasses de l’histoire subjective de cet homme. Il distingue l’uxoricide de l’infanticide par les mobiles inconscients sous-jacents à chacun des meurtres. L’article postule que ce crime familial est le produit d’une absence d’inscription de la filiation chez le sujet et un recours face à l’angoisse de perte. Il distingue plusieurs logiques inconscientes à ce crime familial : celle d’un matricide imaginaire dans le meurtre de l’épouse et celle d’une solution mélancolique et cannibalique au meurtre des enfants.
Freud parle aux juristes : savoir et vérité entre la psychanalyse et l’instruction judiciaire
Authors: Nobre Martins Victor M. 
Published: April 2017

Que dit Freud aux juristes lorsque, à leur demande, il compara la technique psychanalytique à celle de l’instruction judiciaire ? À partir d’une lecture de la conférence de 1906 L’établissement des faits par voie diagnostique et la psychanalyse , on déploiera ses conjectures à la lumière des concepts de savoir et de vérité pour ainsi reposer ses questions aux juristes.
Two new records of flowering plants from Lesotho
Authors: Kobisi Khotso , Kose Lerato S. , Moteetee Annah 
Published: April 2017

Background: A number of books, articles and checklists have been published on Lesotho’s flora. The species presented here have been recorded for South Africa but have not previously been recorded for Lesotho.Objectives: As part of a study aimed at updating biodiversity records of the southern parts of Lesotho (Qacha’s Nek and Quthing districts), with the main focus of compiling a checklist for the Sehlabethebe National Park, this report presents plant species that have until now not been recorded for the Lesotho flora.Method: Several field trips were undertaken between 2004 and 2009. Plant identification was done based on observation and photographic records. After the compilation of the checklist, it became clear that two of the species observed had not been previously recorded for Lesotho. A follow-up trip was carried out in February 2016, during which plant specimens of the presumed new records were collected and deposited at the National University of Lesotho Herbarium (ROML) [and the University of Johannesburg Herbarium (JRAU)]. Plant identification was confirmed by experts in the family Apocynaceae.Results: Two species not previously recorded for Lesotho, namely Ceropegia africana subsp. barklyi and Duvalia caespitosa subsp. caespitosa, were found during the exploration of the southern parts of Lesotho which included the Sehlabathebe National Park.Conclusions: The fact that two species have been recorded in Lesotho for the first time clearly indicates that documentation of the flora of Lesotho needs to be updated. This work is therefore regarded as complementary to previous publications on the Lesotho flora.
Technology-Mediated Interventions and Quality of Life for Persons Living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Cho Hwayoung , Iribarren Sarah , Schnall Rebecca 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackground: As HIV/AIDS is considered a chronic disease; quality of life (QoL) has become an important focus for researchers and healthcare providers. Technology-mediated interventions have demonstrated improved clinical effectiveness in outcomes, such as viral suppression, for persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). However, the evidence to support the impact of these interventions on QoL is lacking.Objectives: The aim of this paper was to assess the impact of technology-mediated interventions on QoL and to identify the instruments used to measure the QoL of PLWH.Methods: For this review we followed the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases in April 2016. Inclusion criteria limited articles to those with technology-mediated interventions as compared to usual care; articles with the population defined as HIV-infected patients; and articles with QoL measured as a health outcome in randomized controlled trials. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess study quality.Results: Of the 1,554 peer-reviewed articles returned in the searches, 10 met the inclusion criteria. This systematic review identified four types of technology-mediated interventions and two types of QoL instruments used to examine the impact of technology-mediated interventions on PLWH. Four studies of technology-mediated interventions resulted in improvement in QoL. Four studies considered QoL as a secondary outcome and resulted in a negative or neutral impact on QoL. Overall, four studies had a low risk of bias, one study had a moderate risk of bias, and the other five studies had a high risk of bias.Conclusions: The evidence to support the improvement of QoL using technology-mediated interventions is insufficient. This lack of research highlights the need for increased study of QoL as an outcome measure and the need for consistent measures to better understand the role of technology-mediated interventions in improving QoL for PLWH.Citation: Hwayoung Cho, Sarah Iribarren, Rebecca Schnall. Technology-Mediated Interventions and Quality of Life for Persons Living with HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 348–368 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-10-R-0175
CHARACTERIZATION OF ROAD PROFILES BASED ON FRACTAL PROPERTIES AND CONTACT MECHANICS
Authors: Motamedi Mehran , Taheri Saied , Sandu Corina , Legrand Pierrick 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
A major challenge in tire and road engineering is to understand the intricate mechanisms of friction. Pavement texture is a feature of the road surface that determines most tire–road interactions, and it can be grouped into two classes of macro-texture and micro-texture. Since the effects of micro-texture and macro-texture dominate the friction measurements at low and high slip speeds, they can help provide sufficient resistance to skidding, if maintained at high levels. A non-contact profilometer is used to measure the macro- and micro-texture of several different road surfaces. The friction number for each surface is measured using the Michigan Department of Transportation's (MDOT) single axle friction trailer. Some fractal parameters of the measured profiles are estimated, and it is proved that all measured profiles display strong fractal behavior. The correlation between texture and fractal parameters and friction is investigated. It is shown that while global fractal quantities fail to classify pavement profiles, the pointwise Hölder exponent as a local fractal parameter, and also the mean square roughness, can discriminate profiles that have different frictional properties. For five road surfaces, two-dimensional (2D) characterization is done using one-dimensional (1D) profile measurements. The hysteretic coefficient of friction is estimated using the contact theory developed by B.N.J. Persson. Good correlation is observed between the wet friction measurements and friction prediction results.