bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of incident clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease–type dementia attributable to pathology‐confirmed vascular disease
Authors: Dodge Hiroko H. , Zhu Jian , Woltjer Randy , Nelson Peter T. , Bennett David A. , Cairns Nigel J. , Fardo David W. , Kaye Jeffrey A. , Lyons Deniz‐Erten , Mattek Nora , Schneider Julie A. , Silbert Lisa C. , Xiong Chengjie , Yu Lei , Schmitt Frederick A. , Kryscio Richard J. , Abner Erin L. ,   SMART data consortium
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe presence of cerebrovascular pathology may increase the risk of clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsWe examined excess risk of incident clinical diagnosis of AD (probable and possible AD) posed by the presence of lacunes and large infarcts beyond AD pathology using data from the Statistical Modeling of Aging and Risk of Transition study, a consortium of longitudinal cohort studies with more than 2000 autopsies. We created six mutually exclusive pathology patterns combining three levels of AD pathology (low, moderate, or high AD pathology) and two levels of vascular pathology (without lacunes and large infarcts or with lacunes and/or large infarcts).ResultsThe coexistence of lacunes and large infarcts results in higher likelihood of clinical diagnosis of AD only when AD pathology burden is low.DiscussionOur results reinforce the diagnostic importance of AD pathology in clinical AD. Further harmonization of assessment approaches for vascular pathologies is required.
IMPACT OF CROP CONDITION REPORTS ON NATIONAL AND LOCAL WHEAT MARKETS
Authors: BAIN RYAN , FORTENBERY T. RANDALL 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) releases crop condition reports detailing crop progress and growing conditions for various crops including corn, soybeans, and winter wheat. Previous research has investigated market impacts from various USDA reports, but crop condition reports have received little attention. This article investigates the impact of crop condition reports on winter wheat prices at the national level and for a local market. We employ both parametric and nonparametric tests. Results suggest that crop condition reports for winter wheat do not generally affect market prices. This contrasts with results found in corn and soybean markets.
SERRE WEIGHTS AND WILD RAMIFICATION IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL GALOIS REPRESENTATIONS
Authors: DEMBÉLÉ LASSINA , DIAMOND FRED , ROBERTS DAVID P. 
Published: December 2016

A generalization of Serre’s Conjecture asserts that if $F$ is a totally real field, then certain characteristic $p$ representations of Galois groups over $F$ arise from Hilbert modular forms. Moreover, it predicts the set of weights of such forms in terms of the local behaviour of the Galois representation at primes over $p$. This characterization of the weights, which is formulated using $p$-adic Hodge theory, is known under mild technical hypotheses if $p>2$. In this paper we give, under the assumption that $p$ is unramified in $F$, a conjectural alternative description for the set of weights. Our approach is to use the Artin–Hasse exponential and local class field theory to construct bases for local Galois cohomology spaces in terms of which we identify subspaces that should correspond to ones defined using $p$-adic Hodge theory. The resulting conjecture amounts to an explicit description of wild ramification in reductions of certain crystalline Galois representations. It enables the direct computation of the set of Serre weights of a Galois representation, which we illustrate with numerical examples. A proof of this conjecture has been announced by Calegari, Emerton, Gee and Mavrides.
Observation versus thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in the elderly
Authors: Megwalu U C 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjective:To compare the effectiveness of non-surgical versus surgical therapy in elderly patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.Methods:The study cohort included 2323 elderly patients (aged 65 years and over) diagnosed with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma between 1988 and 2009, identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database of the National Cancer Institute.Results:The five-year overall survival rate was 23 per cent for non-surgical patients compared with 91 per cent for surgical patients (p < 0.0001). Unadjusted analysis revealed significantly improved survival in surgical patients compared with non-surgical patients (hazard ratio = 0.06; p < 0.0001). Propensity score analysis also revealed significantly improved survival in surgical patients compared with non-surgical patients (hazard ratio = 0.11; p < 0.0001).Conclusion:Thyroidectomy appears to provide a survival benefit for elderly patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. High-quality prospective studies are needed to better evaluate the comparative effectiveness of immediate thyroidectomy versus observation for elderly patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.
Rab17 mediates differential antigen sorting following efferocytosis and phagocytosis
Authors: Yin Charles , Kim Yohan , Argintaru Dean , Heit Bryan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMacrophages engulf and destroy pathogens (phagocytosis) and apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), and can subsequently initiate adaptive immune responses by presenting antigens derived from engulfed materials. Both phagocytosis and efferocytosis share a common degradative pathway in which the target is engulfed into a membrane-bound vesicle, respectively, termed the phagosome and efferosome, where they are degraded by sequential fusion with endosomes and lysosomes. Despite this shared maturation pathway, macrophages are immunogenic following phagocytosis but not efferocytosis, indicating that differential processing or trafficking of antigens must occur. Mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence microscopy of efferosomes and phagosomes in macrophages demonstrated that efferosomes lacked the proteins required for antigen presentation and instead recruited the recycling regulator Rab17. As a result, degraded materials from efferosomes bypassed the MHC class II loading compartment via the recycling endosome – a process not observed in phagosomes. Combined, these results indicate that macrophages prevent presentation of apoptotic cell-derived antigens by preferentially trafficking efferocytosed, but not phagocytosed, materials away from the MHC class II loading compartment via the recycling endosome pathway.
Cognitive Load in Voice Therapy Carry-Over Exercises
Authors: Iwarsson Jenny , Morris David Jackson , Balling Laura Winther 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The cognitive load generated by online speech production may vary with the nature of the speech task. This article examines 3 speech tasks used in voice therapy carry-over exercises, in which a patient is required to adopt and automatize new voice behaviors, ultimately in daily spontaneous communication.

Method
Twelve subjects produced speech in 3 conditions: rote speech (weekdays), sentences in a set form, and semispontaneous speech. Subjects simultaneously performed a secondary visual discrimination task for which response times were measured. On completion of each speech task, subjects rated their experience on a questionnaire.

Results
Response times from the secondary, visual task were found to be shortest for the rote speech, longer for the semispontaneous speech, and longest for the sentences within the set framework. Principal components derived from the subjective ratings were found to be linked to response times on the secondary visual task. Acoustic measures reflecting fundamental frequency distribution and vocal fold compression varied across the speech tasks.

Conclusions
The results indicate that consideration should be given to the selection of speech tasks during the process leading to automation of revised speech behavior and that self-reports may be a reliable index of cognitive load.
Congenital Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus in a Member of a Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Bou Ghannam Alaa , Chang Taeun , Jantausch Barbara A. , Vézina Gilbert , Miller Marijean 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe report a male infant, twin A of a dichorionic pregnancy, with a fetal ultrasound and subsequent MRI at 29 weeks of gestation revealing a small cranium (26 cm, < 3rd percentile for gestation) and marked ex vacuo ventriculomegaly. Twin B had normal ultrasound and brain MRI. Newborn exam was unremarkable and his weight and head circumference were both at 5th percentile. Placental pathology findings included focal acute vasculitis and chronic villitis. Postnatal brain MRI showed significant cerebral volume loss with extensive large cystic parietal encephalomalacia and diffuse cerebral cortical dysplasia (polymicrogyria). Common congenital infectious diseases investigation on maternal serum was normal. Twin A was admitted for bronchiolitis and possible seizure at 3 months of age. At this time, he had microcephaly and was not tracking light. Ophthalmology exam showed markedly abnormal macula with diffuse pigment changes and scarring that extended between the full arcades bilaterally. Congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection was confirmed with negative IgM titer and highly positive IgG titer of greater than 1:256. Serologic tests for LCMV should be considered in infants who have central nervous system and retinal involvement but negative TORCH studies.
Depression in Women with Recurrent Miscarriages – an Exploratory Study
Authors: Carvalho Ariel , Silva Michele , Matos Bárbara , Bottino Cassio , Abrahão Anelise , Cohrs Frederico , Bottino Sara 
Published: December 2016

Objective To assess depression, domestic violence and the use of substances in women with recurrent miscarriages.
Methods The Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) were used to assess violence, depression and the use of substances among women with recurrent miscarriages. The population corresponded to patients receiving prenatal care from June to August 2014. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the multivariable relationship between depression and sociodemographic, psychosocial and medical characteristics (p < 0,10).
Results The prevalence of depression was of 41.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 28.3–55.7%). One third of the pregnant women (32.6%) reported emotional or physical violence, and 13% were classified as abusing or addicted to tobacco according to ASSIST. History of psychiatric diseases was associated with depression (p = 0.005). Violence during life demonstrated a modest association (p = 0.073) with depression, as well as the number of miscarriages (p = 0.071).
Conclusion Depression is a frequent disease among pregnant women with recurrent miscarriages. The results of this investigation suggest that a systematic assessment of depression and its associated conditions, such as domestic violence and the use of substances, should be part of the prenatal follow-up visits for women with recurrent miscarriages.
Evodiamine Prevents Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis by Regulating Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Jiang Xiao-han , Wu Qing-qing , Xiao Yang , Yuan Yuan , Yang Zheng , Bian Zhou-yan , Chang Wei , Tang Qi-zhu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEvodiamine, a major component of Evodia rutaecarpa, can protect the myocardium against injury induced by atherosclerosis and ischemia-reperfusion. However, the effect of evodiamine against cardiac fibrosis remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the possible effect and mechanism involved in the function of evodiamine on isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Isoproterenol was used to induce cardiac fibrosis in mice, and evodiamine was gavaged simultaneously. After 14 days, cardiac function was accessed by echocardiography. The extent of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy was evaluated by pathological and molecular analyses. The extent of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition was evaluated by the expression levels of CD31, CD34, α-smooth muscle actin, and vimentin by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis. After 14 days, the heart weight/body weight ratio and heart weight/tibia length ratio revealed no significant difference between the isoproterenol group and the isoproterenol/evodiamine-treated groups, whereas the increased heart weight was reduced in the isoproterenol/evodiamine-treated groups. Echocardiography revealed that interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at the end diastole decreased in the evodiamine-treated groups. Evodiamine reduced isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis as accessed by normalization in collagen deposition and gene expression of hypertrophic and fibrotic markers. Evodiamine also prevented endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition as evidenced by the increased expression levels of CD31 and CD34, decreased expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, and increased microvascular density in the isoproterenol/evodiamine-treated mice hearts. Furthermore, isoproterenol-induced activation of transforming growth factor-β1/Smad signal was also blunted by evodiamine. Therefore, evodiamine may prevent isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis by regulating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which is probably mediated by the blockage of the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad pathway.
Microbial competition in porous environments can select against rapid biofilm growth
Authors: Coyte Katharine Z. , Tabuteau Hervé , Gaffney Eamonn A. , Foster Kevin R. , Durham William M. 
Published: December 2016

Significance
The overwhelming majority of bacteria live in porous environments, like soil, aquifers, and sediments, where they facilitate many important processes. Despite their importance, we understand little about how these complex environments shape the composition of the microbial communities that live within them. Here, we combine two diverse bodies of theory—fluid dynamics and game theory—to shed light on how bacteria evolve in these habitats. We show that bacteria in porous environments face a fundamental dilemma: they rely on flow for nutrients and dispersal; however, as cells grow, they tend to reduce their access to flow. A fast growing strain can, therefore, choke off its own nutrient supply, diverting it instead to competitors. In contrast with classical theory, our results suggest that cells within a biofilm can obtain a competitive advantage by growing more slowly.
Generalization of prior information for rapid Bayesian time estimation
Authors: Roach Neil W. , McGraw Paul V. , Whitaker David J. , Heron James 
Published: December 2016

Significance
When sensory information is uncertain, humans rely on prior knowledge of the environment when making perceptual judgments and planning actions. Humans can rapidly learn new priors, but the rules governing how recent experiences are grouped together are unknown. Here, we show that observers initially form single priors by generalizing across distinct sensory signals but form multiple priors when they are coupled with different motor outputs. Thus, our results reveal that internal models of temporal statistics are initially organized not according to the nature of the sensory input but according to the way on which it is acted.
Structure of phosphorylated UBL domain and insights into PINK1-orchestrated parkin activation
Authors: Aguirre Jacob D. , Dunkerley Karen M. , Mercier Pascal , Shaw Gary S. 
Published: December 2016

Significance
Parkinson’s disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that can be inherited through mutations in genes encoding the kinase PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) or the ubiquitin ligase parkin. Parkin exhibits neuroprotective properties by ubiquitinating proteins on damaged mitochondria, leading to their turnover. However, parkin exists in an inactive state that must be alleviated by PINK1 phosphorylation. Therefore, the molecular interpretation of the phosphorylation signal is immensely valuable to our understanding of parkin’s role in mitochondrial maintenance and neuronal fidelity. We present the 3D structure of the phosphorylated inhibitory domain of parkin and describe the structural changes that lead to activation of the enzyme. Alongside the available phosphoubiquitin structure, this study completes a structural picture of PINK1-orchestrated parkin activation in impaired mitochondria.
Liana
Authors: Batoni I. , Henning R. , Lehmann H. , Schirmer B. , Zoeppritz M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLIANA is a question answering system in PL/1. The program takes German natural language input and, by morphological, syntactic and semantic analysis, creates a representation of the text, which is stored and can be accessed for retrieval purposes.All individuals (objects) mentioned in the sentence are found and stored. In continuous text, therefore, information about individuals can be piled up successively.LIANA uses the programming concept of the Boston Syntax Analyzer. Therefore, the output of syntactic analysis is a tree structure, simulated through pointers which connect the nodes in the tree. Each node is associated with a feature table which is operated on by the semantic interpretation. Node and feature handling is facilitated by a set of macros for adding, erasing, and checking features and copying, deleting, and inserting nodes.
Subjectivite Dans L'Evaluation Analytique De L'Expression Orale Libre
Authors: Knibbeler Wil 
Published: December 2016

Résumé
Pour évaluer les résultats d'épreuves d'expression orale libre, on peut procéder selon deux méthodes différentes : la méthode globale impressioniste ou la méthode analytique. La méthode globale est le plus souvent utilisée pour des raisons d'ordre pratique. En revanche, la méthode analytique, qui est fondée sur une analyse détaillée des performances, nous permet non seulement d'avoir des données plus concrètes concernant la compétence de nos étudiants, mais aussi de définir plus précisément la zone de la subjectivité des correcteurs. Cette subjectivité s'avère être toujours un des problèmes pri-mordiaux dans l'évaluation de l'expression linguistique. Pour que les avantages de la méthode analytique soient pleinement réalisés, il faut que les performances orales soient trans-crites et que cette transcription soit faite d'après un système nettement défini, où les problèmes de l'interprétation des performances, de la reconstruction et de l'identification des fautes soient formellement explicités. Pour satisfaire à ces exigences, il vaut mieux avoir recours à un algorithme de correction. Cet algorithme nous permet en même temps de mieux préciser les points où la subjectivité joue un rôle dans l'ap-préciation des correcteurs.
L'auteur se propose de présenter un algorithme de correction qui a été élaboré à l'Université Catholique de Nimègue (Hollande) et d'analyser de quelle façon 5 correcteurs ont utilisé cet algorithme.
Introduction to Healthcare for Japanese-speaking Interpreters and Translators
Authors: Crezee Ineke H.M. , Asano Teruko 
Published: December 2016

This book is based on the very popular international publication (Crezee, 2013) and has been supplemented with Japanese glossaries. Just like the 2013 textbook, this practical resource will allow interpreters and translators to quickly read up on healthcare settings, familiarizing themselves with anatomy, physiology, medical terminology and frequently encountered conditions, diagnostic tests and treatment options.

This is an exceptionally useful and easily accessible handbook, in particular for English-speaking patients, Japanese-speaking doctors, first-language Japanese-speaking students in healthcare related programs.
This book includes a special chapter on Japan’s shifting social structure and the hierarchies which exist within its medical system and gives concrete examples of patient expectations for hospital stays and physician visits. A further special chapter describes the Japanese insurance system and related regulations in a comprehensive fashion, also discussing standards of third party accreditation. Also included is information regarding the establishment of the Aichi Medical Interpretation System, the first of its kind in Japan, which was launched thanks to the combined efforts of local municipal communities, healthcare organizations and universities in the Aichi Prefecture.
Indirect costs: extending the scope of economic value.
Authors: Hall S. , Dolling L. , Bristow K. , Fuller T. , Mills D. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

This chapter describes two areas that show the significance of indirect costs associated with companion animals: (i) the effect of companion animal ownership on human health (considering examples relating to the physical, mental and social health of people) and its economic implications and (ii) the additional health benefits of economic value provided by animal-assisted interventions and the wider support of individuals with increased need in UK society.
Forming an end of life hospice/Pawspice service.
Authors: Villalobos A. E. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Practitioners who support the human-animal bond can organize a team to provide end of life hospice/'Pawspice' care services in their hospitals. Selected staff can acquire communication skills needed to deal with end of life care issues. Pawspice carers often express worry, disappointment, fear, sadness, anxiety, anticipatory grief and fear of their pet's death. Staff can be trained to provide emotional care for the carers and end of life palliative medicine and body care for patients in end of life decline. We must dispel the old myths that discourage end of life care and refute the reasons why doctors feel reluctant to discuss a poor prognosis. Using the HHHHHMM Quality of Life Scale points out areas to improve and justify palliative care at the end of life.
Process description, qualitative analysis and causal relationships in farm succession.
Authors: Bertoni D. , Cavicchioli D. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Intra-family succession represents the preferential way of farm transfer. It consists in an extremely complex process that involves current farm holders and all potential heirs and that, at the same time, influences current and future management, as well as investment choices. Many authors have analysed this topic from different viewpoints that may be roughly categorized in qualitative research, quantitative appraisal and descriptive analyses. This paper attempts to provide a review of contents and results of these strands of literature in developed countries, highlighting their common points and suggesting future research lines.
A systematic X-ray study of the dwarf novae observed with Suzaku
Authors: Wada Qazuya , Tsujimoto Masahiro , Ebisawa Ken , Hayashi Takayuki 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
X-ray behavior of the dwarf novae (DNe) outside the quiescent state has not been fully understood. We thus assembled 21 data sets of the 15 DNe observed by the Suzaku satellite by the end of 2013, which include spectra taken during not only the quiescence, but also the transitional, outburst, and super-outburst states. Starting with the traditional cooling flow model to explain the X-ray emission from the boundary layer, we made several modifications to account for the observed spectra. As a result, we found that the best-fitting spectral model depends strongly on the state of the DNe with only a few exceptions. Spectra in the quiescent state are explained by the cooling flow model plus a Fe fluorescent line emission attenuated by an interstellar extinction. Spectra in the transitional state require an additional partial covering extinction. Spectra in the outburst and super-outburst state require additional low-temperature thin-thermal plasma component(s). Spectra in the super-outburst state further require a high value of minimum temperature for the boundary layer. We present an interpretation on the required modifications to the cooling flow model for each state.