bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NMR, HS‐SPME‐GC/MS, and HPLC/MSn Analyses of Phytoconstituents and Aroma Profile of Rosmarinus eriocalyx
Authors: Bendif Hamdi , Miara Mohamed Djamel , Peron Gregorio , Sut Stefania , Dall'Acqua Stefano , Flamini Guido , Maggi Filippo 
Published: June 2017

In this work, a comprehensive study on the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Rosmarinus eriocalyx (Lamiaceae), an aromatic shrub traditionally consumed as a food and herbal remedy in Algeria, is presented. The aroma profile was analysed by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) coupled with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS), whereas the crude extract constituents were analyzed by 1H‐NMR and by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MSn). Thirty‐nine volatile compounds, most of them being monoterpenes, have been identified, with camphor, camphene, and α‐pinene as the most abundant constituents. 1H‐NMR analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds and betulinic acid while HPLC/MSn allowed the identification of glycosilated and aglyconic flavonoids as well as phenylpropanoid derivatives. Some of these constituents, namely as betulinic acid, rosmanol, and cirsimaritin were reported for the first time in R. eriocalyx.
The association of a lip commissure to eyelid transposition flap with a frontal transposition flap for reconstructive eyelid surgery following squamous cell carcinoma resection in a European short‐haired cat
Authors: Poinsard Anne‐Sophie , Mathieson Iona , Dulaurent Thomas , Isard Pierre‐François , Balland Olivier 
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical MessageThe surgical resection of a squamous cell carcinoma in a cat was performed on both the palpebral and nasal aspects of the OD medial canthus. A two‐stage surgical technique was employed, involving two different transposition flaps, taking care to maintain eyelid function and estheticism, with a long follow‐up.
Automated Determination of Oxygen‐Dependent Enzyme Kinetics in a Tube‐in‐Tube Flow Reactor
Authors: Ringborg Rolf H. , Toftgaard Pedersen Asbjørn , Woodley John M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEnzyme‐mediated oxidation is of particular interest to synthetic organic chemists. However, the implementation of such systems demands knowledge of enzyme kinetics. Conventionally collecting kinetic data for biocatalytic oxidations is fraught with difficulties such as low oxygen solubility in water and limited oxygen supply. Here, we present a novel method for the collection of such kinetic data using a pressurized tube‐in‐tube reactor, operated in the low‐dispersed flow regime to generate time‐series data, with minimal material consumption. Experimental development and validation of the instrument revealed not only the high degree of accuracy of the kinetic data obtained, but also the necessity of making measurements in this way to enable the accurate evaluation of high KMO enzyme systems. For the first time, this paves the way to integrate kinetic data into the protein engineering cycle.
Vinyl (Thio)Ethers versus Enamines: A DFT Insight into Their Divergent Reactivities toward Nitroalkenes
Authors: Gérard Hélène , Chataigner Isabelle 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite their apparent similarities, vinyl (thio)ethers and enamines display divergent reactivities toward nitroalkenes. Whereas [4+2] cycloadduct derivatives are generally obtained in the first case, a variety of adducts are observed in the second, and depend on the substrates and reaction conditions. Herein, a rationalization of this versatility is proposed through a theoretical study, in which the interactions between these electron‐rich alkenes and nitroethylene are compared in conjugate addition, [4+2] and [2+2] cycloadditions, and ene reaction processes. The conjugate zwitterionic adduct is shown to play a key role. With vinyl (thio)ethers, its formation is disfavored, whereas, for enamines, it appears as a stabilized intermediate, leading to the thermodynamically favored formal ene adduct. This adduct is, however, kinetically disfavored, which opens up the way to control the selectivity of the whole process.
Utility ofWeb search query data in testing theoretical assumptions about mephedrone
Authors: Kapitány‐Fövény Máté , Demetrovics Zsolt 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveWith growing access to the Internet, people who use drugs and traffickers started to obtain information about novel psychoactive substances (NPS) via online platforms. This paper aims to analyze whether a decreasing Web interest in formerly banned substances—cocaine, heroin,and MDMA—and the legislative status of mephedrone predict Web interest about this NPS.MethodsGoogle Trends was used to measure changes of Web interest on cocaine, heroin, MDMA, and mephedrone. Google search results for mephedrone within the same time frame were analyzed and categorized.ResultsWeb interest about classic drugs found to be more persistent. Regarding geographical distribution, location of Web searches for heroin and cocaine was less centralized. Illicit status of mephedrone was a negative predictor of its Web search query rates. The connection between mephedrone‐related Web search rates and legislative status of this substance was significantly mediated by ecstasy‐related Web search queries, the number of documentaries, and forum/blog entries about mephedrone.ConclusionsThe results might provide support for the hypothesis that mephedrone's popularity was highly correlated with its legal status as well as it functioned as a potential substitute for MDMA. Google Trends was found to be a useful tool for testing theoretical assumptions about NPS.
Pseudoshikonin I enhances osteoblast differentiation by stimulating Runx2 and Osterix
Authors: Choi You Hee , Han Younho , Jin Sun Woo , Lee Gi Ho , Kim Geum Soog , Lee Dae Young , Chung Young Chul , Lee Kwang Youl , Jeong Hye Gwang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPseudoshikonin I (PSI), a novel biomaterial isolated from Lithospermi radix, has been recognized as an herbal medicine for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Bone remodeling maintains a balance through bone resorption (osteoclastogenesis) and bone formation (osteoblastogenesis). Bone formation is generally attributed to osteoblasts. However, the effects of PSI on the bone are not well known. In this study, we found that the ethanol extracts of PSI induced osteoblast differentiation by increasing the expression of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP 4). PSI positively regulates the transcriptional expression and osteogenic activity of osteoblast‐specific transcription factors such as Runx2 and Osterix. To identify the signaling pathways that mediate PSI‐induced osteoblastogenesis, we examined the effects of serine‐threonine kinase inhibitors that are known regulators of Osterix and Runx2. PSI‐induced upregulation of Osterix and Runx2 was suppressed by treatment with AKT and PKA inhibitors. These results suggest that PSI enhances osteoblast differentiation by stimulating Osterix and Runx2 via the AKT and PKA signaling pathways. Thus, the activation of Runx2 and Osterix is modulated by PSI, thereby demonstrating its potential as a treatment target for bone disease.
Retracted: Effects of astragalus polysaccharide on apoptosis of myocardial microvascular endothelial cells in rats undergoing hypoxia/reoxygenation by mediation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Qingling , Meng Guowei , Teng Fei , Sun Qiang , Zhang Yongshan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe study explores the effect of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) mediating P13K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway on apoptosis of myocardial microvascular endothelial cells (MMECs) in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). MMECs were classified into blank, H/R, H/R + 25 mg/L APS, H/R + 50 mg/L APS, H/R + 100 mg/L APS, H/R + LY, and HR + 100 mg/L APS + LY groups. Cell viability was detected using MTT assay and apoptotic cell morphological changes by Hoechst staining. NO content, cell cycle and apoptosis, PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway proteins were detected using nitrate reductase assay, flow cytometry and Western blotting. An increased cell survival rate, NO content and expression of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway associated proteins, and a decreased apoptosis rate was observed in the H/R + 50 mg/L APS and H/R + 100 mg/L APS groups compared with the H/R and H/R + 25 mg/L APS groups. Compared with the H/R + 50 mg/L APS group, the apoptosis rate decreased, whereas the cell survival rate, NO content and expression of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway associated proteins increased in the H/R + 100 mg/L APS group. The H/R + LY and HR + 100 mg/L APS + LY groups followed opposite trends. In comparison to the HR + 100 mg/L APS group, the apoptosis rate in the H/R + LY and HR + 100 mg/L APS + LY groups increased, and the cell survival rate, NO content and expression of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway associated proteins decreased. Collectively, APS improves the damage caused by H/P by mediating PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.
An improved PCR‐CTPP assay for the detection of ADH1B Arg48His polymorphism
Authors: Jiang Shupeng , Tong Yongqing , Zhao Rui , Xiong Ge , Qiao Bin , Li Yan 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundADH1B Arg48His polymorphism is associated with the development of alcohol‐related diseases. In this study, we aimed to explore an improved polymerase chain reaction with confronting two‐pair primers (PCR‐CTPP) assay for the detection of ADH1B Arg48His polymorphism.MethodsA mismatch was introduced at the 3′ end of each of the two allele‐specific to increase the specificity of the reaction. But beyond that, a new mismatch at‐3 positions of outer primers was designed to decrease the efficiency of the aforementioned primers and depresses the amplification of an internal nonspecific DNA control. A total of 180 samples from healthy volunteers Han Chinese were tested to evaluate this new assay.ResultsThe protocol of PCR‐CTPP was successful for genotyping of ADH1B Arg48His. The results from the improved PCR‐CTPP assay were confirmed by Sanger sequencing, and correct genotyping rates were 100%.The genotype frequencies were 49.44% (89 cases) for His/His, 46.67% (84 cases) for Arg/His, and 3.89% (seven cases) for Arg/Arg respectively.ConclusionsThis improved PCR‐CTPP assay is simple, rapid, cost‐effective, and reliable, specific for the detection of ADH1B Arg48His polymorphism in most clinical diagnostic laboratories.
Left atrial compression with acute heart failure caused by esophageal bolus
Authors: Maffè Stefano , Paino Anna Maria , Paffoni Paola , Bergamasco Luca , Dellavesa Pierfranco , Zenone Franco , Cucchi Lorenzo , Baduena Lara , Franchetti Pardo Nicolò , Parravicini Umberto 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTWe report a case of left atrial extrinsic compression caused by an esophageal food bolus in a patient presenting with acute heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiography along with contrast‐enhanced CT showed evidence of esophageal dilation producing left atrial compression. Esophageal endoscopy and fragmentation of the bolus, allowing the accumulated food to descend into the stomach, produced a rapid improvement of hemodynamic and clinical status. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 46:259–261, 2018
Evaluation of microextraction by packed sorbent, liquid–liquid microextraction and derivatization pretreatment of diet‐derived phenolic acids in plasma by gas chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Bustamante Luis , Cárdenas Diana , von Baer Dietrich , Pastene Edgar , Duran‐Sandoval Daniel , Vergara Carola , Mardones Claudia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMiniaturized sample pretreatments for the analysis of phenolic metabolites in plasma, involving protein precipitation, enzymatic deconjugation, extraction procedures, and different derivatization reactions were systematically evaluated. The analyses were conducted by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the evaluation of 40 diet‐derived phenolic compounds. Enzyme purification was necessary for the phenolic deconjugation before extraction. Trimethylsilanization reagent and two different tetrabutylammonium salts for derivatization reactions were compared. The optimum reaction conditions were 50 μL of trimethylsilanization reagent at 90°C for 30 min, while tetrabutylammonium salts were associated with loss of sensitivity due to rapid activation of the inert gas chromatograph liner. Phenolic acids extractions from plasma were optimized. Optimal microextraction by packed sorbent performance was achieved using an octadecylsilyl packed bed and better recoveries for less polar compounds, such as methoxylated derivatives, were observed. Despite the low recovery for many analytes, repeatability using an automated extraction procedure in the gas chromatograph inlet was 2.5%. Instead, using liquid–liquid microextraction, better recoveries (80–110%) for all analytes were observed at the expense of repeatability (3.8–18.4%). The phenolic compounds in gerbil plasma samples, collected before and 4 h after the administration of a calafate extract, were analyzed with the optimized methodology.
Living like a local: Authentic tourism experiences and the sharing economy
Authors: Paulauskaite Dominyka , Powell Raymond , Coca‐Stefaniak J. Andres , Morrison Alastair M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTravellers are demanding authentic, experientially oriented opportunities with more meaningful interactions with locals. The sharing economy has emerged partly as a response to these consumer trends with major potential impacts for tourism. This research investigated the phenomenon of authenticity‐seeking tourism and its links to the hospitality sector through consumer choices related to accommodation offered by sharing economy providers. It explored the relationship between perceived authenticity of the “local” experience and its significance when purchasing accommodation. The three themes of unique accommodation interiors and atmosphere, interactions with hosts, and interactions with local culture were found to be important to Airbnb users.
Modified Lung Ultrasonographic Technique for Evaluation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Lateral Decubitus Position
Authors: Vassalou Evangelia E. , Raissaki Maria , Magkanas Eleftherios , Antoniou Katerina M. , Karantanas Apostolos H. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo compare lung ultrasonography (US) in the sitting or supine positions and the lateral decubitus position, with regard to the feasibility, duration, patient convenience, and assessment of B‐lines, in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.MethodsTwenty consecutive patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were prospectively enrolled. Lung US included scanning of 56 intercostal spaces. Each patient was examined twice by 2 protocols. During protocol 1, patients were examined in the supine and sitting positions for the anterior and dorsal chest, respectively. During protocol 2, patients were examined in the left lateral decubitus position for the evaluation of the right hemithorax and the reverse. Total, anterior, and posterior US scores resulted from the sum of B‐lines at the whole, anterior, and posterior chest, respectively. High‐resolution computed tomography (CT) was considered the reference standard. The duration of each protocol was recorded. Patients were questioned about which protocol they preferred.ResultsThere was no difference regarding feasibility between the protocols. A significant correlation was found between total US scores for both protocols and high‐resolution CT findings (P < .0001), with protocol 2 showing a slightly higher correlation. A positive correlation was found between the protocols regarding total, anterior, and posterior US scores (P < .0001). The mean duration of protocol 2 was less than that of protocol 1 (P < .005). Nineteen patients (95%) reported a preference for protocol 2.ConclusionsLung US in the lateral decubitus position seems to be faster and more convenient. There appears to be no difference regarding feasibility and the number of B‐lines, whereas it shows slightly higher correlation with high‐resolution CT, compared with the sitting or supine positions in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Importance of Distending Stomach With Fluid for Ultrasound Detection of Focal Lesion in the Elongated Left Lobe of the Liver
Authors: Wu Size , Liu Guangqing , Cui Xiaojing , Liang Xian , Chen Kailiang 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate distending the stomach with water for ultrasound detection of focal lesions in the elongated left lobe of the liver.MethodsA total of 13,277 patients undergoing liver ultrasound were evaluated for the presence of an elongated left lobe of the liver and a focal lesion. Patients with an elongated left lobe of the liver had their stomach distended with oral water for further evaluation of a focal lesion. A portion of the patients had computed tomography (CT) examinations, which were compared with the ultrasound studies.ResultsA total of 643 patients were found with elongated left lobe of the liver by ultrasound; of them, 451 underwent CT, 259 out of the 451 patients meeting the inclusion criteria underwent second ultrasound and final analysis, and 16 of these 259 patients had focal lesion in the elongated left lobe of the liver on CT study. The sonographic visualization of the liver and spleen at the same scan view before and after distending the stomach were 7% (7 of 100) and 100% (100 of 100), respectively (P < .001). The sonographic detection of the lesions before and after distending the stomach were zero and 87.5%, respectively (P < .001).ConclusionsDistending the stomach with water can greatly increase ultrasound detection of focal lesions in the elongated left lobe of the liver.
Design and validation of a CT‐guided robotic system for lung cancer brachytherapy
Authors: Dou Huaisu , Jiang Shan , Yang Zhiyong , Sun Luqing , Ma Xiaodong , Huo Bin 
Published: June 2017

PurposeCurrently, lung brachytherapy in clinical setting is a complex procedure. Operation accuracy depends on accurate positioning of the template; however, it is difficult to guarantee the positioning accuracy manually. Application of robotic‐assisted systems can simplify the procedure and improve the manual positioning accuracy. Therefore, a novel CT‐guided robotic system was developed to assist the lung cancer brachytherapy.MethodsA four degree‐of‐freedom (DOF) robot, controlled by a lung brachytherapy treatment planning system (TPS) software, was designed and manufactured to assist the template positioning. Target position of the template can be obtained from the treatment plan, thus the robot is driven to the target position automatically. The robotic system was validated in both the laboratory and the CT environment. In laboratory environment, a 3D laser tracker and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) were used to measure the mechanical accuracy in air, which includes positioning accuracy and position repeatability. Working reliability was also validated in this procedure by observing the response reliability and calculating the position repeatability. Imaging artifacts and accuracy of the robot registration were validated in the CT environment by using an artificial phantom with fiducial markers. CT images were obtained and used to test the image artifact and calculate the registration accuracy. Phantom experiments were conducted to test the accuracy of needle insertion by using a transparent hydrogel phantom with a high imitation artificial phantom. Also, the efficiency was validated in this procedure by comparing time costs in manual positioning with robotic positioning under the same experimental conditions.ResultsThe robotic system achieved the positioning accuracy of 0.28 ± 0.25 mm and the position repeatability of 0.09 ± 0.11 mm. Experimental results showed that the robot was CT‐compatible and responded reliably to the control commands. The mean registration accuracy of the robotic system was 0.49 ± 0.29 mm. Phantom experiments indicated that the accuracy of needle insertion was 1.5 ± 1.7 mm at a depth ranging from 30 to 80 mm. The time used to adjust the template to the target position was 12 min on average by robotic system automatically. An average of 30 min was saved compared with the manual positioning procedure in phantom experiments.ConclusionsThis paper describes the design and experimental validation of a novel CT‐guided robotic system for lung cancer brachytherapy. The robotic system was validated in a number of aspects which prove that it was capable of locating the template with clinically acceptable accuracy in the CT environment. All experimental results indicated that the system is reliable and ready to be applied to further studies on animals.
Patient‐specific quantification of image quality: An automated technique for measuring the distribution of organ Hounsfield units in clinical chest CT images
Authors: Abadi Ehsan , Sanders Jeremiah , Samei Ehsan 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo develop and validate an automated technique for measuring organ Hounsfield units (HUs) in clinical chest CT images.Materials and methodsAn automated computer algorithm was developed to measure the distribution of HUs inside four major organs: the lungs, liver, aorta, and spine. These organs were first identified using image processing techniques. Each organ was segmented into multiple regions of interest (ROIs) and characterized in terms of HU values. The medians of the ROI histograms were computed for each dataset. The automated results were validated by assessing their correlation with manual measurements in fifteen contrast‐enhanced and fifteen non‐contrast‐enhanced clinical chest CT datasets. The robustness of the measurements with respect to dependency on image noise and CTDIvol was ascertained. One utility of the approach was further demonstrated in assessing the variability in aorta HUs across 732 patients undergoing noncontrast and contrast‐enhanced examinations.ResultsThe algorithm successfully measured the histograms of the four organs in both contrast and non‐contrast‐enhanced chest CT exams. The automated measurements were in agreement with manual measurements with a near unity slope of the relationship between automated and manual measurements with high coefficient of determination (slope = 0.931–1.003, R2 = 0.89–0.99). Organ median HU measurements were found to be largely independent of both image noise and CTDIvol (P > 0.05), as expected. Across patient cases, the program ran successfully across 95% (697/732) of cases. Aorta median HUs demonstrated five times more variability in contrast‐enhanced exams compared to that in non‐contrast‐enhanced exams.ConclusionsPatient‐specific organ HUs can be measured from clinical datasets. The algorithm that was developed can be run on both contrast‐enhanced and non‐contrast‐enhanced clinical datasets. The method can be applied to automatically extract image HU‐contrast characteristics of clinical CT images, not captured in phantom data, whereby enabling quantification and optimization of image quality and contrast administration.