bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of microorganisms accompanying human archaeological remains
Authors: Philips Anna , Stolarek Ireneusz , Kuczkowska Bogna , Juras Anna , Handschuh Luiza , Piontek Janusz , Kozlowski Piotr , Figlerowicz Marek 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Metagenome analysis has become a common source of information about microbial communities that occupy a wide range of niches, including archaeological specimens. It has been shown that the vast majority of DNA extracted from ancient samples come from bacteria (presumably modern contaminants). However, characterization of microbial DNA accompanying human remains has never been done systematically for a wide range of different samples. We used metagenomic approaches to perform comparative analyses of microorganism communities present in 161 archaeological human remains. DNA samples were isolated from the teeth of human skeletons dated from 100 AD to 1200 AD. The skeletons were collected from 7 archaeological sites in Central Europe and stored under different conditions. The majority of identified microbes were ubiquitous environmental bacteria that most likely contaminated the host remains not long ago. We observed that the composition of microbial communities was sample-specific and not correlated with its temporal or geographical origin. Additionally, traces of bacteria and archaea typical for human oral/gut flora, as well as potential pathogens, were identified in two-thirds of the samples. The genetic material of human-related species, in contrast to the environmental species that accounted for the majority of identified bacteria, displayed DNA damage patterns comparable with endogenous human ancient DNA, which suggested that these microbes might have accompanied the individual before death. Our study showed that the microbiome observed in an individual sample is not reliant on the method or duration of sample storage. Moreover, shallow sequencing of DNA extracted from ancient specimens and subsequent bioinformatics analysis allowed both the identification of ancient microbial species, including potential pathogens, and their differentiation from contemporary species that colonized human remains more recently.
Commercial rodent diets differentially regulate autoimmune glomerulonephritis, epigenetics and microbiota in MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Edwards Michael R , Dai Rujuan , Heid Bettina , Cecere Thomas E , Khan Deena , Mu Qinghui , Cowan Catharine , Luo Xin M , Ahmed S Ansar 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The course and severity of lupus in spontaneous murine lupus models varies among laboratories, which may be due to variations in diet, housing and/or local environmental conditions. In this study, we investigated the influence of common rodent diets while keeping other factors constant. Female lupus-prone MRL/lpr (MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/J) mice were subjected to the same housing conditions and given one of the three diets: Teklad 7013 containing isoflavone-rich soy and alfalfa, Harlan 2018 isoflavone-rich soy-based diet or Research Diets Inc. D11112226 (RD) purified-ingredients diet containing casein and no phytoestrogens. While the total caloric intake was similar among all three treatment groups, mice fed on the 2018 diet developed higher levels of proteinuria and mice fed on either 7013 or 2018 developed higher levels of glomerular immune complex deposition. Remarkably, mice fed the RD diet had markedly decreased proteinuria with diminished C3, total IgG, IgG1 and IgG3 immune complex deposition, along with reduced CD11b+ cellular infiltration into the glomeruli. The type of diet intake also influenced cytokine production, fecal microbiota (increased Lachnospiraceae in mice fed on 2018), altered microRNAs (miRNAs; higher levels of lupus-associated miR-148a and miR-183 in mice fed on 7013 and/or 2018) and altered DNA methylation. This is the first study to comprehensively compare the cellular, molecular and epigenetic effects of these commercial diets in murine lupus.
Is the dust-to-gas ratio constant in molecular clouds?
Authors: Tricco Terrence S. , Price Daniel J. , Laibe Guillaume 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We perform numerical simulations of dusty, supersonic turbulence in molecular clouds. We model 0.1, 1 and 10 μm sized dust grains at an initial dust-to-gas mass ratio of 1:100, solving the equations of combined gas and dust dynamics where the dust is coupled to the gas through a drag term. We show that, for 0.1 and 1 μm grains, the dust-to-gas ratio deviates by typically 10–20 per cent from the mean, since the stopping time of the dust due to the gas drag is short compared to the dynamical time. Contrary to previous findings, we find no evidence for orders of magnitude fluctuation in the dust-to-gas ratio for ∼0.1 μm grains. Larger, 10 μm dust grains may have dust-to-gas ratios increased by up to an order of magnitude locally. Both small (0.1 μm) and large (≳1 μm) grains trace the large-scale morphology of the gas; however, we find evidence for ‘size-sorting’ of grains, where turbulence preferentially concentrates larger grains into dense regions. Size-sorting may help to explain observations of ‘coreshine’ from dark clouds and why extinction laws differ along lines of sight through molecular clouds in the Milky Way compared to the diffuse interstellar medium.
Patients with High Pelvic Tilt Achieve the Same Clinical Success as Those with Low Pelvic Tilt After Minimally Invasive Adult Deformity Surgery
Authors: Uribe Juan S , Januszewski Jacob , Wang Michael , Anand Neel , Okonkwo David O , Mummaneni Praveen V , Nguyen Stacie , Zavatsky Joseph , Than Khoi , Nunley Pierce , Park Paul , Kanter Adam S , La Marca Frank , Fessler Richard , Mundis Gregory M , Eastlack Robert K ,   Minimally Invasive Surgery Section of the International Spine Study Group
Published: June 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Pelvic tilt (PT) is a compensatory mechanism for adult spinal deformity patients to mitigate sagittal imbalance. The association between preop PT and postop clinical and radiographic outcomes has not been well studied in patients undergoing minimally invasive adult deformity surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes in adult spinal deformity patients with high and low preoperative PT treated surgically using less invasive techniques.

METHODS
Retrospective case-control, institutional review board-approved study. A multicenter, minimally invasive surgery spinal deformity patient database was queried for 2-yr follow-up with complete radiographic and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) data. Hybrid surgery patients were excluded. Inclusion criteria were as follows: age > 18 and either coronal Cobb angle > 20, sagittal vertical axis > 5 cm, pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) > 10 or PT > 20. Patients were stratified by preop PT as per Schwab classification: low (PT< 20), mid (PT 20-30), or high (>30). Postoperative radiographic alignment parameters (PT, PI, LL, Cobb angle, sagittal vertical axis) and HRQOL data (Visual Analog Scale Back/Leg, Oswestry Disability Index) were evaluated and analyzed.

RESULTS
One hundred sixty-five patients had complete 2-yr outcomes data, and 64 patients met inclusion criteria (25 low, 21 mid, 18 high PT). High PT group had higher preop PI-LL mismatch (32.1 vs 4.7; P < .001). At last follow-up, 76.5% of patients in the high PT group had continued PI-LL mismatch compared to 34.8% in the low PT group (P < .006). There was a difference between groups in terms of postop changes of PT (–3.9 vs 1.9), LL (8.7 vs 0.5), and PI-LL (–9.5 vs 0.1). Postoperatively, HRQOL data (Oswestry Disability Index and Visual Analog Scale) were significantly improved in both groups (P < .001).

CONCLUSION
Adult deformity patients with high preoperative PT treated with minimally invasive surgical techniques had less radiographic success but equivalent clinical outcomes as patients with low PT.
Does Financial Education Impact Financial Literacy and Financial Behavior, and If So, When?
Authors: Kaiser Tim , Menkhoff Lukas 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In a meta-analysis of 126 impact evaluation studies, we find that financial education significantly impacts financial behavior and, to an even larger extent, financial literacy. These results also hold for the subsample of randomized experiments (RCTs). However, intervention impacts are highly heterogeneous: financial education is less effective for low-income clients as well as in low- and lower-middle–income economies. Specific behaviors, such as the handling of debt, are more difficult to influence and mandatory financial education tentatively appears to be less effective. Thus, intervention success depends crucially on increasing education intensity and offering financial education at a “teachable moment.”
Rate of and Risk Factors for Intermediate-Term Reoperation After Ankle Fracture Fixation: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Pincus Daniel , Veljkovic Andrea , Zochowski Thomas , Mahomed Nizar , Ogilivie-Harris Darrell , Wasserstein David 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
Establish baseline rates of and risk factors for reoperation within 1 or 2 years of ankle open reduction internal fixation (ORIF).

Design:
Retrospective, population-based cohort study.

Setting:
Two hundred two hospitals in Ontario, Canada (approximate population 13.6 million in 2014).

Patients/Participants:
Forty five thousand four hundred forty-four patients who underwent ankle ORIF performed by 710 different surgeons between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 2011.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Intermediate-term reoperation because of isolated implant removal, repeat ORIF, irrigation and debridement (I&D) for infection, or amputation. Multivariable logistic regression related potential prognostic factors (patient, provider, and injury) to reoperation.

Results:
There were 8906 patients who underwent at least one subsequent operation (19.6%). The most common procedure was isolated implant removal (18.1%); odds of removal being higher for females [odds ratio (OR), 1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45–1.62; P < 0.001]. N = 674 patients (1.5%) underwent reoperation for another reason. The odds of repeat ORIF and I&D infection were greater for open fractures (OR 2.17; 95% CI, 1.22–3.86; P = 0.008 and OR 3.12; 95% CI, 1.94–5.03; P < 0.001). Odds of amputation was highest for diabetics (OR 7.42; 95% CI, 3.73–14.86; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Isolated implant removal accounts for the vast majority of intermediate-term reoperations after ankle ORIF. Reoperation for other reasons (repeat ORIF, I&D, or amputation) was extremely rare, even among the highest risk patients. Concerns regarding reoperation for these reasons should not preclude operative treatment in any patient, provider, or injury group we considered.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effect of Concomitant Elbow Injuries on the Outcomes of Radial Head Arthroplasty: A Cohort Comparison
Authors: Strelzow Jason A. , Athwal George S. , MacDermid Joy C. , Grewal Ruby , Faber Kenneth J. , Drosdowech Darren , King Graham J.W. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives:
To compare physical impairments and patient-reported outcomes in patients after simple and complex elbow injuries who were treated with radial head arthroplasty.

Design:
Prospective.

Setting:
Quaternary upper extremity referral hospital.

Patients/Participants:
148 patients with isolated elbow trauma and no previous injury to the elbow were prospectively enrolled after radial head arthroplasty for an acute unreconstructable fracture. Injury patterns were classified as simple or complex based on the presence or absence of associated elbow fractures and/or dislocation.

Intervention:
Radial head arthroplasty.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Patient-Rated Elbow Evaluation (PREE), Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, range of motion (ROM), and Biodex measurements.

Results:
At a minimum 1-year follow-up PREE and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, and ROM and strength values were similar. Forty-four patients evaluated at a mean of 7 years demonstrated no effect of injury pattern on clinical outcomes at any time point. Continued statistical improvements in PREE, supination ROM, and flexion ROM at medium term compared with earlier follow-up were observed. Eight patients required secondary surgery, 2 in the simple injury group and 6 complex injury patients.

Conclusions:
Concomitant elbow injuries do not affect the longer term outcomes of patients with unreconstructable radial head fractures requiring radial head arthroplasty. Patient outcomes continued to improve beyond 2 years of follow-up.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The role of hormone therapy in the management of severe postpartum depression in patients with Turner syndrome
Authors: Shea Alison K. , Wolfman Wendy 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective:
Premature ovarian failure associated with Turner syndrome presents clinicians with a vast range of health concerns, including infertility, cardiovascular disease, and decreased bone mineral density, in addition to psychological sequelae. Hormone therapy is paramount in managing these complications, but the additional needs in the postpartum period for those who are able to carry out a successful pregnancy have not been described.

Methods:
We present a case of severe postpartum depression (PPD) with psychotic features in a patient with Turner syndrome, which presented at 4 weeks after the birth of her first child via egg donation

Results:
We describe the case of a previously well 32-year-old patient with an 46 X, i(Xq) karyotype, who went through a 4-week intensive inpatient treatment course for PPD, requiring electroconvulsant therapy for persistent infanticidal and suicidal ideation. It was hypothesized that an estrogen-depleted state secondary to premature ovarian insufficiency and lactation may have been more pronounced during her postpartum course when hormone levels dramatically decrease. To buffer the dramatic drop in sex steroid levels postpartum for her second pregnancy, she was immediately started on estrogen and progesterone replacement, and did not experience any change in mood or similar psychiatric disturbance during this postpartum course. Four years after the PPD episode, her mood remains stable.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the complex interplay between ovarian steroids, depletion of their levels, and psychiatric sequelae. The postpartum period represents a particularly vulnerable time for patients with premature ovarian insufficiency, which requires very close monitoring and early replacement of depleted hormone levels.
Long-term sertraline treatment and depression effects on carotid artery atherosclerosis in premenopausal female primates
Authors: Silverstein-Metzler Marnie G. , Justice Jamie N. , Appt Susan E. , Groban Leanne , Kitzman Dalane W. , Carr John Jeffrey , Register Thomas C. , Shively Carol A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective:
Atherosclerosis developed during premenopausal years predicts postmenopausal atherosclerosis burden. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, recently approved for hot flushes, have been associated with increased ischemic stroke risk in several observational studies; however, effects on carotid artery atherosclerosis, a strong predictor of future vascular events, are unknown.

Methods:
The effects of chronic administration of a commonly prescribed SSRI, sertraline HCl, on atherosclerosis in the carotid artery was assessed in a placebo-controlled, longitudinal, randomized study of premeonopausal depressed and nondepressed cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis; n = 42). Physiologic and behavioral phenotypes were evaluated at baseline and after 18 months of oral sertraline (20 mg/kg, n = 21) or placebo (n = 21). Carotid artery atherosclerosis was measured post mortem via histomorphometry.

Results:
Atherosclerosis extent in the right common carotid artery, on average, was 60% greater in sertraline-treated depressed monkeys compared with all other groups (P = 0.028). The results of linear regression analyses suggested that sertraline and depression effects on atherosclerosis were not mediated by their effects on behavioral and physiological risk factors.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that chronic SSRI treatment is associated with the progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis, which may increase the risk for future vascular events, particularly in depressed women. The underlying mechanism remains to be determined, but does not appear to be related to SSRI effects on traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Menopausal transition in Southern Europe: comparative study of women in Serbia and Portugal
Authors: Dotlic Jelena , Pimenta Filipa , Kovacevic Nikolina , Leal Isabel , Maroco Joao , Utian Wulf , Gazibara Tatjana 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess and compare general menopausal quality of life in Serbia and Portugal.

Methods:
In all, 1,503 women aged between 40 and 65 years from Belgrade, Serbia, and Lisbon, Portugal, were included in the study. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Utian Quality of Life (UQOL) scale were used in data collection.

Results:
The average age of women was 50 (SD = 5.61) years. Serbian and Portuguese women differed in all sociodemographic characteristics except for body mass index (BMI) and relationship status. There were no significant differences in UQOL total score (P = 0.629) or UQOL sexual score (P = 0.396) between Serbian and Portuguese women. However, occupational (P < 0.001) and health (P = 0.003) scores were significantly higher in the Serbian sample, whereas Portuguese women had higher emotional scores (P < 0.001). Based on the total study sample, women with an average UQOL score were more highly educated, employed, non-smokers, and physically active, and more likely to obtain medical assistance for climacteric symptoms compared with women who reported lower UQOL score. In addition to these characteristics, women with a higher UQOL score had higher annual income, no recent illnesses, and optimal BMI compared with women who reported a lower UQOL score.

Conclusions:
This study showed that diverse populations of midlife women can have similar perceptions of quality of life as it encompasses broad dimensions of menopausal somatic and psychosocial symptoms, as well as habits and lifestyle. Further comparative studies using the UQOL scale are warranted to offer more information on the delicate factors influencing well-being in climacteric women worldwide.
A 6-Year Posttreatment Follow-up of Panic Disorder Patients
Authors: Freire Rafael C. , Amrein Roman , Mochcovitch Marina D. , Dias Gisele P. , Machado Sergio , Versiani Marcio , Arias-Carrión Oscar , Carta Mauro G. , Nardi Antonio E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with relapse in panic disorder (PD).

Methods
This was an observational study conducted in the outpatient clinic of a psychiatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In a previous study, 120 patients diagnosed as having PD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria were randomized to receive clonazepam or paroxetine. After 3 years, treatment was discontinued in patients who had achieved remission. These subjects were included in the current study and were followed up for 6 years. The follow-up assessments were made at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 years after treatment discontinuation. Assessment included the number of panic attacks per month, Clinical Global Impression–Severity, and other measures. Patients who had initiated psychotherapy or pharmacological treatment because of PD symptoms or who had Clinical Global Impression–Severity scores greater than 1 or panic attacks in the month preceding the assessment were considered relapse cases. Data were collected from January 2003 to August 2012.

Results
Eighty-five patients completed the follow-up. Cumulative relapse rates were 50% (n = 33) at 1 year and 89.4% (n = 76) at 6 years. One-year relapse rates were lower in patients previously treated with clonazepam (P = 0.001) compared with those treated with paroxetine. Low 6-year relapse rates were associated with high Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores before treatment (P = 0.016) and previous treatment with clonazepam.

Conclusions
Relapse is a frequent problem in PD, and long-term treatment does not protect these patients in the long run. Treatment with clonazepam predicts lower relapse when compared with paroxetine.
The Efficiency of Aggressive Hydration With Lactated Ringer Solution for the Prevention of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis
Authors: Wu Dangyan , Wan Jianhua , Xia Liang , Chen Jie , Zhu Yin , Lu Nonghua 
Published: June 2017

Background:
As shown in studies, aggressive hydration during the perioperative period of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) effectively prevents post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer solution at preventing PEP.

Materials and Methods:
We searched all relevant research from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, the Web of Science, ClinicalTrial.gov, and Scopus database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before March 2017. Reference lists from reviews or relevant articles were screened for RCTs. The primary outcomes were the incidence of PEP and the incidence of moderate to severe pancreatitis. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of hyperamylasemia and pain and the length of hospital stay. The meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Program Review Manager.

Results:
Three RCTs were included in our study. On the basis of the results of the meta-analysis, the aggressive hydration group had a lower incidence of pancreatitis after ERCP [odds ratio (OR)=0.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16-0.53]; a lower incidence of moderate to severe PEP (OR=0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.96); lower incidence of hyperamylasemia (OR=0.38; 95% CI, 0.25-0.59); lower risk of pain (OR=0.17; 95% CI, 0.08-0.38); and a shorter duration of hospital stay (standardized mean difference=−0.41; 95% CI, −0.69 to −0.14).

Conclusions:
Aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer solution can reduce the overall incidence of PEP, moderate to severe pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia, shorten the length of hospitalization and reduce pain.