bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein Rechenmodell zur Vorbemessung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit älterer Spannbetonbrücken
Authors: Strauß Peter 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEs wird ein Rechenmodell vorgestellt, das zur Vorbemessung beim Nachweis der Querkrafttragfähigkeit älterer parallelgurtiger Spannbetonbrücken angewendet werden kann. Das Nachweisverfahren leitet sich aus dem Prinzip vom Minimum der Formänderungsenergie ab und berücksichtigt den Betontraganteil der Querkrafttragfähigkeit über den rechnerischen Ansatz einer begrenzten Mitwirkung der Betonzugfestigkeit.A model for pre‐designing the shear bearing capacity of elder prestressed bridgesIt is presented a structural model that can be applied for pre‐designing for the assessment of the shear bearing capacity of elder prestressed concrete bridges. The design procedure is derived from the principle of the minimum of strain energy and takes into account the part of concrete bearing capacity of the shear bearing capacity with a design approach of a limited involvement of the concrete tensile strength.
Meta-analysis of antegrade continence enema in adults with faecal incontinence and constipation
Authors: Chan D S Y , Delicata R J 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background
Faecal incontinence and constipation affects up to 20 per cent of the general population, and can be a significant source of distress. The antegrade continence enema (ACE) procedure has been shown to be an effective alternative treatment option for children, but its use in adults requires clarification. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine outcomes of the ACE procedure in adults with faecal incontinence and constipation.

Methods
PubMed, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library (from January 1990 to January 2015) were searched for studies that reported outcomes of ACE in adults with faecal incontinence and constipation. The primary outcome measure was successful use of ACE in the management of symptoms, as determined by continued use at follow-up.

Results
Seventeen observational studies involving 426 patients (265 female patients; median age 42 (range 17–84) years) with faecal incontinence (165 patients), constipation (209) or both (52), who had undergone the ACE procedure, were analysed. At a median follow-up of 39 months, the pooled success rate was 74·3 (95 per cent c.i. 66·1 to 82·6) per cent (P &lt; 0·001). For patients with faecal incontinence the pooled success rate was 83·6 (75·0 to 92·1) per cent, compared with 67·7 (55·1 to 80·3) per cent in patients with constipation (both P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
The ACE procedure is an effective long-term treatment option in patients with faecal incontinence and constipation, and should be considered before performing a definitive colostomy. Patients with faecal incontinence appear to respond better than those with constipation.
Factors impacting on patient perception of procedural success and satisfaction following treatment for varicose veins
Authors: Onida S , Shalhoub J , Moore H M , Head K S , Lane T R A , Davies A H 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been collected from patients undergoing varicose vein treatments in the National Health Service since 2009. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to examine PROMs for varicose vein interventions, characterizing factors that might predict patient-reported perception of procedural success and satisfaction.

Methods
Centrally compiled PROMs data for varicose vein procedures carried out from 2009 to 2011 were obtained from the Hospital Episode Statistics data warehouse for England. As data were not distributed normally, non-parametric statistical tests were employed.

Results
Data for 35 039 patient episodes (62·8 per cent women) were available for analysis. Some 23·4 per cent of patients reported a degree of anxiety or depression before treatment; a formal diagnosis of depression was present in 7·8 per cent. Quality of life, measured by generic EQ-5D-3L™ index and the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ) improved after intervention by 11·7 per cent (0·77 to 0·86) and 40·1 per cent (18·95 to 11·36) respectively. No significant improvement was found in EQ-5D™ visual analogue scale scores. There was a significant improvement in self-perceived anxiety or depression after the intervention (P &lt; 0·001, McNemar–Bowker test). Both preoperative and postoperative depression or anxiety had a statistically significant relationship with self-reported success and satisfaction (both P &lt; 0·001, χ2 test).

Conclusion
This analysis of PROMs is evidence that treatment of varicose veins improves quality of life, and anxiety or depression. Preoperative and postoperative anxiety or depression scores impact on patient-perceived success and satisfaction rates.
A protease‐activated receptor 2 agonist (AC‐264613) suppresses interferon regulatory factor 5 and decreases interleukin‐12p40 production by lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated macrophages: Role of p53
Authors: Yamaguchi Rui , Yamamoto Takatoshi , Sakamoto Arisa , Ishimaru Yasuji , Narahara Shinji , Sugiuchi Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Yasuo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) has a key role in the production of interleukin (IL)‐12 by macrophages. IRF5 is also a central mediator of toll‐like receptor signaling and is a direct target of p53. Activation of protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR‐2) upregulates p53 and suppresses apoptosis. This study investigated the influence of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and PAR‐2 agonists on expression of IRF5 and IL‐12p40 by macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF)‐dependent macrophages showed upregulation of IRF5 expression, while HNE reduced expression of p53 and IRF5 in a concentration‐dependent manner. HNE also caused a concentration‐dependent decrease of IRF5 in macrophages transfected with small interfering RNA to silence p53, while silencing of β‐arrestin 2 blunted the reduction of p53 or IRF5 by HNE. Incubation of macrophages with a PAR‐2 agonist, AC‐264613, caused a decrease of IRF5 expression and also significantly reduced p53 protein expression. HNE upregulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and caused transactivation of TLR4, while AC‐264613 did not promote TLR4 transactivation. In conclusion, the PAR‐2 agonist AC‐264613 attenuated IRF5‐associated IL‐12p40 production by macrophages.
Recommendations for a step‐wise comparative approach to the evaluation of new screening tests for colorectal cancer
Authors: Young Graeme P. , Senore Carlo , Mandel Jack S. , Allison James E. , Atkin Wendy S. , Benamouzig Robert , Bossuyt Patrick M. M. , Silva Mahinda De , Guittet Lydia , Halloran Stephen P. , Haug Ulrike , Hoff Geir , Itzkowitz Steven H. , Leja Marcis , Levin Bernard , Meijer Gerrit A. , O'Morain Colm A. , Parry Susan , Rabeneck Linda , Rozen Paul , Saito Hiroshi , Schoen Robert E. , Seaman Helen E. , Steele Robert J. C. , Sung Joseph J. Y. , Winawer Sidney J. 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDNew screening tests for colorectal cancer continue to emerge, but the evidence needed to justify their adoption in screening programs remains uncertain.METHODSA review of the literature and a consensus approach by experts was undertaken to provide practical guidance on how to compare new screening tests with proven screening tests.RESULTSFindings and recommendations from the review included the following: Adoption of a new screening test requires evidence of effectiveness relative to a proven comparator test. Clinical accuracy supported by programmatic population evaluation in the screening context on an intention‐to‐screen basis, including acceptability, is essential. Cancer‐specific mortality is not essential as an endpoint provided that the mortality benefit of the comparator has been demonstrated and that the biologic basis of detection is similar. Effectiveness of the guaiac‐based fecal occult blood test provides theminimumstandard to be achieved by a new test. A 4‐phase evaluation is recommended. An initial retrospective evaluation in cancer cases and controls (Phase 1) is followed by a prospective evaluation of performance across the continuum of neoplastic lesions (Phase 2). Phase 3 follows the demonstration of adequate accuracy in these 2 prescreening phases and addresses programmatic outcomes at 1 screening round on an intention‐to‐screen basis. Phase 4 involves more comprehensive evaluation of ongoing screening over multiple rounds. Key information is provided from the following parameters: the test positivity rate in a screening population, the true‐positive and false‐positive rates, and the number needed to colonoscope to detect a target lesion.CONCLUSIONSNew screening tests can be evaluated efficiently by this stepwise comparative approach.Cancer2016;122:826–39. © 2016 The Authors.Cancerpublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf ofAmerican Cancer Society.
Management of localized and advanced prostate cancer in Canada: A lifetime cost and quality‐adjusted life‐year analysis
Authors: Sanyal Chiranjeev , Aprikian Armen G. , Cury Fabio L. , Chevalier Simone , Dragomir Alice 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, the literature to date lacks studies examining lifetime costs and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) of prostate cancer (PCa) management strategies that integrate localized and advanced disease. The objective of the current study was to assess lifetime costs and QALYs associated with contemporary PCa management strategies across risk groups by integrating localized and advanced disease.METHODSThe authors' validated Markov chain Monte Carlo model was used to predict lifetime direct costs and QALYs. The health states modeled were active surveillance, initial treatments (radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy), PCa recurrence, PCa recurrence free, metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer, and death (cause specific/other causes). Data regarding treatment distribution, state transition probabilities, adverse effects of management options, costs, utilities, and disutilities were derived from the published literature.RESULTSThe total cost per patient for the overall cohort increased from $18,503 at 5 years to $28,032 and $39,143, respectively, at 10 years and 15 years. Furthermore, the results indicated the influence of risk group on total cost, with the high‐risk group accruing the maximum per patient cost followed by the intermediate‐risk and low‐risk groups. Active surveillance was found to confer the most QALYs (12.5 years) and was the least costly strategy ($18,452) for individuals at low risk. For all risk groups, radical prostatectomy was less costly and conferred modestly more QALYs compared with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy modalities.CONCLUSIONSPublic health care systems in Canada and elsewhere are operating under budget constraints to allocate finite resources. The findings of the current study might inform discussions concerning budget planning to provide health care services.Cancer2016;122:1085–1096.©2016 American Cancer Society
Synthesis of Bi–Fe–Sb–O Pyrochlore Nanoparticles with Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Egorysheva Anna V. , Gajtko Olga M. , Rudnev Pavel O. , Ellert Olga G. , Ivanov Vladimir K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA method has been developed for the preparation of Bi–Fe–Sb–O pyrochlore nanoparticles by microwave hydrothermal treatment. Experiments revealed that the preparation procedure for the precursors is an important factor that affects the phase composition of the product. The morphology of the pyrochlore particles was investigated by SEM, HRTEM, and selected‐area electron diffraction (SAED) methods. The samples consist of numerous spherical agglomerates from 100 to 200 nm formed from 20 nm mutually oriented nanocrystallites. A mechanism for the formation of the particles is proposed, and the magnetic and photocatalytic properties of the Bi–Fe–Sb–O pyrochlore nanocrystallites are reported.
Enantioselective Modular Total Synthesis of Macrolides Sch725674 and C‐4‐epi‐Sch725674
Authors: Sharma Brijesh M. , Gontala Arjun , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe convergent total synthesis of Sch725674 has been accomplished by starting from (R)‐1,2‐epoxyheptane and assembling five modules in a highly stereoselective manner to give the final product in 6.6 % overall yield. The same strategy was extended to the synthesis of its C‐4 epimer. Key reactions of the synthetic pathway include a Jacobsen hydrolytic kinetic resolution of an epoxide followed by its regioselective opening through a Yamaguchi–Hirao alkynylation, and ring‐closing metathesis reaction to furnish the unique 14‐membered ring macrolactone. In addition, the influence of protecting groups on the efficiency of the ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) macrocyclization has been studied to maximize its yields.
Reactions to the UK's cut to CCS funding: Does CCS have a future in the UK?
Authors: Cozier Muriel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe UK has for some time been considered one of Europe's leading advocates for carbon capture and storage (CCS). But a sudden and somewhat unexpected announcement by the UK government that £1 billion of funding for a CCS competition was no longer available has left many people around the world wondering if CCS in the UK or indeed in Europe, has a future. Muriel Cozier rounds up reactions to the announcement. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Synthesis, Characterization, and Conformational Study of Acylhydrazones of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Hamzi Imane , Barhoumi‐Slimi Thouraya M. , Abidi Rym 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTNew acylhydrazone derivatives 1–6 have been synthesized by condensation of tert‐butylphenoxyhydrazide and cinnamaldehyde A or β‐chloro‐α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes B–F. They were characterized by IR, (1H, 13C, 19F) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high‐resolution mass spectroscopy. The NMR data show the existence of the cis/trans‐amide conformers due to N–C(O) bond rotation in addition to the E/Z isomers around the C=C bond of some of the starting aldehydes. The solvent polarity effects on the ratios of the cis/trans‐amide rotamers have also been investigated. Importantly, rotational barriers around the N–C(O) bond for all compounds 1–6 (62.9–68.8 kJ mol–1) were calculated using the coalescence‐temperature method according to the Eyring equation. The results are discussed and compared with those previously reported for related acylhydrazones of aryl adehydes and acetone.
Intraoperative goal‐directed hemodynamic management in free tissue transfer for head and neck cancer
Authors: Hand William R. , Stoll William D. , McEvoy Matthew D. , McSwain Julie R. , Sealy Clark D. , Skoner Judith M. , Hornig Joshua D. , Tennant Paul A. , Wolf Bethany , Day Terry A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of algorithmic physiologic management on patients undergoing head and neck free tissue transfer and reconstruction.MethodsNinety‐four adult patients were randomized to treatment and control groups. The blood pressure of the control group was managed consistent with contemporary standards. The treatment group was managed using an algorithm based on blood pressure and calculated physiologic values derived from arterial waveform analysis. Primary outcome was intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay.ResultsICU length of stay was decreased in the treatment group (33.7 vs 58.3 hours; p = .026). The complication rate was not increased in the treatment group.ConclusionThe goal‐directed hemodynamic management algorithm decreased the ICU length of stay. Judicious use of vasoactive drugs and goal‐directed fluid administration has a role in improving perioperative outcomes for patients undergoing head and neck free tissue transfer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1974–E1980, 2016
Adherence to guideline‐recommended process measures for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in Ontario: Impact of surgeon and hospital volume
Authors: Eskander Antoine , Monteiro Eric , Irish Jonathan , Gullane Patrick , Gilbert Ralph , de Almeida John , Brown Dale , Freeman Jeremy , Urbach David R. , Goldstein David P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to measure adherence rates to guideline‐recommended process measures in patients with head and neck cancer.MethodsA total of 5720 patients who underwent surgery for head and neck cancer in Ontario between 1993 and 2010 were identified from administrative databases. Adherence to 4 guideline‐recommended processes of care was measured and stratified by hospital and physician case volume.ResultsSeventy‐two percent of patients received preoperative head and neck imaging, 83% received preoperative chest imaging, 58% received preoperative multidisciplinary consultation, and 77% had appropriate follow‐up visits. Higher surgeon and hospital surgical volumes were associated with higher adherence rates.ConclusionAdherence rates to guideline‐recommended processes of care in the surgical management of patients with head and neck cancer in Ontario were moderate and should be improved. Although adherence rates seem proportional to surgical volume, even the highest volume centers have room to improve. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1987–E1992, 2016
Human olfactory stem cells for injured facial nerve reconstruction in a rat model
Authors: Batioglu–Karaaltin Aysegul , Karaaltin Mehmet Veli , Oztel Olga Nehir , Ovali Ercument , Sener Belit Merve , Adatepe Turgut , Yigit Ozgur , Bozkurt Erol , Baydar Serap Yesilkir , Bagirova Melahat , Uzun Nurten , Allahverdiyev Adil 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to show the efficacy of olfactory stem cells for injured facial nerve reconstruction in a rat model.MethodsOlfactory stem cells were isolated from the olfactory mucosa of human participants. A 2‐mm excision was performed on the right facial nerve of all rats. Reconstruction was performed with a conduit in group 1 (n = 9); a conduit and phosphate‐buffered saline in group 2 (n = 9); and a conduit and labeled olfactory stem cell in group 3 (n = 9). Rats were followed for whisker movements and electroneuronography (ENoG) analyses.ResultsThe whisker‐movement scores for group 3 were significantly different from other groups (p < .001). ENoG showed that the amplitude values for group 3 were significantly different from group 1 and group 2 (p = .030; p < .001). Group 3 showed marked olfactory stem cell under a fluorescence microscope.ConclusionThis study suggests that olfactory stem cells may be used as a potent cellular therapy for accelerating the regeneration of peripheral nerve injuries. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2011–E2020, 2016
Corporate Default Prediction Model Averaging: A Normative Linear Pooling Approach
Authors: Figini Silvia , Savona Roberto , Vezzoli Marika 
Published: February 2016

SummaryFocusing on credit risk modelling, this paper introduces a novel approach for ensemble modelling based on a normative linear pooling. Models are first classified as dominant and competitive, and the pooling is run using the competitive models only. Numerical experiments based on parametric (logit, Bayesian model averaging) and nonparametric (classification tree, random forest, bagging, boosting) model comparison shows that the proposed ensemble performs better than alternative approaches, in particular when different modelling cultures are mixed together (logit and classification tree). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calcium polyphosphate particulates for bone void filler applications
Authors: Pilliar Robert M. , Kandel Rita A. , Grynpas Marc D. , Theodoropoulos John , Hu Youxin , Allo Bedilu , Changoor Adele 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the characteristics of porous calcium polyphosphate particulates (CPPp) formed using two different processing treatments as bone void fillers in non‐ or minimally load‐bearing sites. The two calcium polyphosphate particulate variants (grades) were formed using different annealing conditions during particulate preparation to yield either more slowly degrading calcium polyphosphate particulates (SD‐CPPp) or faster degrading particulates (FD‐CPPp) as suggested by a previous degradation study conducted in vitro (Hu et al., Submitted for publication 2016). The two CPPp grades were compared as bone void fillers in vivo by implanting particulates in defects created in rabbit femoral condyle sites (critical size defects). The SD‐CPPp and FD‐CPPp were implanted for 4‐ and 16‐week periods. The in vivo study indicated a significant difference in amount of new bone formed in the prepared sites with SD‐CPPp resulting in more new bone formation compared with FD‐CPPp. The lower bone formation characteristic of the FD‐CPPp was attributed to its faster degradation rate and resulting higher local concentration of released polyphosphate degradation products. The study results indicate the importance of processing conditions on preparing calcium polyphosphate particulates for potential use as bone void fillers in nonload‐bearing sites. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 874–884, 2017.
Nifedipine GITS/Candesartan Combination Therapy Lowers Blood Pressure Across Different Baseline Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Categories: DISTINCT Study Subanalyses
Authors: Kjeldsen Sverre E. , Cha Gloria , Villa Giuseppe , Mancia Giuseppe ,   for the DISTINCT Investigators
Published: February 2016

AbstractDISTINCT was an 8‐week, double‐blind, randomized study to investigate the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of various nifedipine gastrointestinal treatment system (GITS)/candesartan cilexetil (N/C) dose combinations, vs respective monotherapies or placebo, in patients with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥95 to <110 mm Hg. The current prespecified analysis compared BP reduction in participants with mild vs moderate baseline hypertension (ie, systolic [S]BP <160 mm Hg vs ≥160 mm Hg and DBP <100 mm Hg vs ≥100 mm Hg). A total of 1362 patients were analyzed by descriptive statistics. In all patient subgroups investigated, the NC combinations (ie, N: 20, 30, or 60 mg; C: 4, 8, 16, or 32 mg daily) provided greater SBP and DBP lowering and higher rates of BP control (defined as BP <140/90 mm Hg) than respective monotherapies or placebo, with greatest absolute BP reductions observed in the moderately elevated SBP or DBP subgroups. A trend to dose‐response relationship was observed in each subgroup. In each SBP and DBP subgroup, treatment‐related vasodilatory events (flushing, headache, or edema) were less frequent for patients receiving NC combination therapy than N monotherapy. These analyses support the use of calcium antagonist and angiotensin receptor blocker combination therapy in patients with both mild and moderate hypertension, for whom effective BP normalization and good drug tolerance would greatly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.