bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of Video Motion-Analysis Systems to Measure Amplitude and Velocity of Shoulder Elevation
Authors: Melton Christopher , Mullineaux David R. , Mattacola Carl G. , Mair Scott D. , Uhl Tim L. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Dynamic shoulder motion can be captured using video capture systems, but reliability has not yet been established.Objective:To compare the reliability of 2 systems in measuring dynamic shoulder kinematics during forward-elevation movements and to determine differences in these kinematics between healthy and injured subjects.Design:Reliability and cohort.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:11 healthy subjects and 10 post–superior labrum anteroposterior lesion patients (SLAP).Intervention:Contrasting markers were placed at the hip, elbow, and shoulder to represent shoulder elevation and were videotaped in 2 dimensions. Subjects performed 6 repetitions of active elevation (AE) and active assisted elevation of the shoulder, and 3 trials were analyzed using Datapac (comprehensive system) and Dartfish (basic system).Main Outcome Measures:Amplitudes and velocities of the shoulder angle were calculated. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and levels of agreement (LOA) were used to determine intersystem and intertrial reliability.Results:For AE, the amplitude maximum (ICC = .98–.99, SEM = 2–3°, LOA = −9° to 5°) and average velocity (ICC = .94–.97, SEM = 1°/s, LOA = −4° to 1°/s) indicated excellent intersystem reliability between systems. Intratrial reliability for minimum velocity was moderate for Datapac (ICC = .64, SEM = 4°/s, LOA = 7°/s) and poor for Dartfish (ICC = .52, SEM = 20°/s, LOA = 37°/s). Cohort results demonstrated for AE a greater amplitude for healthy v SLAP (139° ± 11° v 113° ± 13°; P = .001) and interaction for an average velocity increase of 2°/s in healthy and decrease of 2°/s in SLAP patients over the 3 trials (P = .02).Conclusions:Reliability ranges provide the means to assess the clinical meaningfulness of results. The cohort differences are supported when the values exceed the ranges of the SEM; hence the amplitude results are meaningful. For dynamic shoulder elevation measured using video, the assessment of velocity was found to produce moderate to good reliability. The results suggest that with these measures subtle changes in both measures may be possible with further investigations.
Effect of Static Foot Alignment on Plantar-Pressure Measures During Running
Authors: Lee Sae Yong , Hertel Jay 
Published: August 2016

Context:Altered foot dynamics due to malalignment of the foot may change plantar-pressure properties, resulting in various kinds of overuse injuries.Objective:To assess the effect of foot characteristics on plantar-pressure-related measures such as maximum pressure, maximum pressure–time, and pressure–time integral underneath the medial aspect of the foot during running.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:Laboratory. Participants: 8 men and 17 women.Main Outcome Measures:Static non-weight-bearing rear-foot and forefoot alignment and navicular drop were measured. Plantar-pressure data were collected while subjects jogged at 2.6 m/s on a treadmill. Maximum pressure, time to maximum pressure, and pressure–time integral of the medial side of the foot were extracted for data analysis. Multiple-regression analysis was used to examine the effect of arch height and rear-foot and forefoot alignment on maximum pressure and pressure–time integral in the medial side of the foot.Results:In the medial rear-foot and midfoot regions, only rear-foot alignment had a significant effect on the variance of maximum pressure and pressure–time integral. There were no significant difference effects in the medial forefoot region.Conclusion:Rear-foot alignment was found to be a significant predictor of maximum plantar pressure and pressure–time integral in the medial rear-foot and midfoot regions. This indicates that control of rear-foot alignment may help decrease plantar pressure on the medial region of the foot, which may potentially prevent injuries associated with excessive rear-foot eversion.
The Effect of Traditional Bridging or Suspension-Exercise Bridging on Lateral Abdominal Thickness in Individuals With Low Back Pain
Authors: Guthrie Rebecca J. , Grindstaff Terry L. , Croy Theodore , Ingersoll Christopher D. , Saliba Susan A. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Individuals with low back pain (LBP) are thought to benefit from interventions that improve motor control of the lumbopelvic region. It is unknown if therapeutic exercise can acutely facilitate activation of lateral abdominal musculature.Objective:To investigate the ability of 2 types of bridging-exercise progressions to facilitate lateral abdominal muscles during an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) in individuals with LBP.Design:Randomized control trial.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:51 adults (mean ± SD age 23.1 ± 6.0 y, height 173.6 ± 10.5 cm, mass 74.7 ± 14.5 kg, and 64.7% female) with LBP. All participants met 3 of 4 criteria for stabilization-classification LBP or at least 6 best-fit criteria for stabilization classification.Interventions:Participants were randomly assigned to either traditional-bridge progression or suspension-exercise-bridge progression, each with 4 levels of progressive difficulty. They performed 5 repetitions at each level and were progressed based on specific criteria.Main Outcome Measures:Muscle thickness of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transversus abdominis (TrA) was measured during an ADIM using ultrasound imaging preintervention and postintervention. A contraction ratio (contracted thickness:resting thickness) of the EO, IO, and TrA was used to quantify changes in muscle thickness.Results:There was not a significant increase in EO (F1,47 = 0.44, P = .51) or IO (F1,47 = .30, P = .59) contraction ratios after the exercise progression. There was a significant (F1,47 = 4.05, P = .05) group-by-time interaction wherein the traditional-bridge progression (pre = 1.55 ± 0.22; post = 1.65 ± 0.21) resulted in greater (P = .03) TrA contraction ratio after exercise than the suspension-exercise-bridge progression (pre = 1.61 ± 0.31; post = 1.58 ± 0.28).Conclusion:A single exercise progression did not acutely improve muscle thickness of the EO and IO. The magnitude of change in TrA muscle thickness after the traditional-bridging progression was less than the minimal detectable change, thus not clinically significant.
Effective Exercises for Targeting the Gluteus Medius
Authors: Hamstra-Wright Karrie L. , Bliven Kellie Huxel 
Published: August 2016

Clinical Scenario:The gluteus medius (GM) is thought to play an important role in stabilizing the pelvis and controlling femoral adduction and internal rotation during functional activity. GM weakness, resulting in decreased stabilization and control, has been suggested to be related to lower extremity dysfunction and injury. Many clinicians focus on strengthening the GM to improve lower extremity kinematics for the prevention and rehabilitation of injury. An indirect way to measure GM strength is through electromyography. It is generally assumed that exercises producing higher levels of activation will result in greater strengthening effects.3 Understanding what exercises result in the greatest level of GM activation will assist clinicians in their injury prevention and rehabilitation efforts.Focused Clinical Question:In a healthy adult population, what lower extremity exercises produce the greatest mean GM activation, expressed as a percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction?
The Effectiveness of Injury-Prevention Programs in Reducing the Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Sprains in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Paszkewicz Jeffrey , Webb Tristen , Waters Brian , McCarty Cailee Welch , Van Lunen Bonnie 
Published: August 2016

Clinical Scenario:There is a high incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in adolescents participating in pivoting sports such as soccer, basketball, and handball. Most ACL injuries in athletes are noncontact injuries, with a mechanism of sudden deceleration, change in direction, or landing from a jump. These mechanisms coupled with an increase in contraction of the quadriceps have been shown as risk factors for ACL injuries. Injuries to the ACL may require surgery, a long rehabilitation, and the potential for reinjury. Studies have shown reductions in lower extremity injury rates using training protocols that focus on landing mechanics, balance training, strength training, and/or agility training. There has been some thought that starting preventive training programs with adolescent athletes may be the most effective approach to reducing adolescent ACL injuries.Focused Clinical Question:Can lower extremity injury-prevention programs effectively reduce ACL injury rates in adolescent athletes?
Effects of Different Hip Rotations on Gluteus Medius and Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle Activity During Isometric Side-Lying Hip Abduction
Authors: Lee Ji-hyun , Cynn Heon-seock , Choi Sil-ah , Yoon Tae-lim , Jeong Hyo-jung 
Published: August 2016

Context:Gluteus medius (Gmed) weakness is associated with some lower-extremity injuries. People with Gmed weakness might compensate by activating the tensor fasciae latae (TFL). Different hip rotations in the transverse plane may affect Gmed and TFL muscle activity during isometric side-lying hip abduction (SHA).Objectives:To compare Gmed and TFL muscle activity and the Gmed:TFL muscle-activity ratio during SHA exercise with 3 different hip rotations.Design:The effects of different hip rotations on Gmed, TFL, and the Gmed:TFL muscle-activity ratio during isometric SHA were analyzed with 1-way, repeated-measures analysis of variance.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:20 healthy university students were recruited in this study.Interventions:Participants performed isometric SHA: frontal SHA with neutral hip (frontal SHAN), frontal SHA with hip medial rotation (frontal SHA-MR), and frontal SHA with hip lateral rotation (frontal SHA-LR).Main Outcome Measures:Surface electromyography measured the activity of the Gmed and the TFL. A 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance assessed the statistical significance of Gmed and TFL muscle activity. When there was a significant difference, a Bonferroni adjustment was performed.Results:Frontal SHA-MR showed significantly greater Gmed muscle activation than frontal SHA-N (P = .000) or frontal SHA-LR (P = .015). Frontal SHA-LR showed significantly greater TFL muscle activation than frontal SHA-N (P = .002). Frontal SHA-MR also resulted in a significantly greater Gmed:TFL muscle-activity ratio than frontal SHA-N (P = .004) or frontal SHA-LR (P = .000), and frontal SHA-N was significantly greater than frontal SHA-LR (P = .000).Conclusions:Frontal SHA-MR results in greater Gmed muscle activation and a higher Gmed:TFL muscle ratio.
Test–Retest Reliability of the Standing Heel-Rise Test
Authors: Ross Michael D. , Fontenot Elizabeth G. 
Published: August 2016

Context:The standing heel-rise test has been recommended as a means of assessing calf-muscle performance. To the authors' knowledge, the reliability of the test using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) has not been reported.Objective:To determine the test-retest reliability of the standing heel-rise test.Design:Single-group repeated measures.Participants:Seventeen healthy subjects.Settings and Infevention:Each subject was asked to perform as many standing heel raises as possible during 2 testing sessions separated by 7 days.Main Outcome Measures:Reliability data for the standing heel-rise test were studied through a repeated-measures analysis of variance, ICC2, 1 and SEMs.Results:The ICC2,1 and SEM values for the standing heel-rise test were .96 and 2.07 repetitions, respectively.Conclusions:The standing heel-rise test offers clinicians a reliable assessment of calfmuscle performance. Further study is necessary to determine the ability of the standing heel-rise test to detect functional deficiencies in patients recovering from lower leg injury or surgery
A Comparison of Knee-Extension Torque Production with Biphasic versus Russian Current
Authors: Holcomb William R. , Golestani Shahin , Hill Shante 
Published: August 2016

Context:Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can be used to prevent the atrophy and strength loss associated with immobilization.Objective:To compare the effects of biphasic current and the modulated “Russian” current on muscular torque production during different contraction conditions.Design, Setting, and Participants:In a within-subjects design, 10 healthy subjects in an athletic training laboratory received NMES.Interventions:Isometric knee-extension torque was recorded with the Biodex™ under 4 conditions: maximum voluntary contraction (MVC; control), MVC superimposed with low-intensity stimulation (sham), MVC superimposed with high-intensity stimulation, and high-intensity stimulation only.Main Outcome Measure:Data normalized for body weight were analyzed using a 2 (current type) X 4 (condition) repeated-measures analysis of variance.Results:The main effect for current type was not significant, F1,9 = .03, P = .87.
Comparison of Rehabilitation Methods in the Treatment of Patellar Tendinitis
Authors: Wilson Julie K. , Sevier Thomas L. , Helfst Robert , Honing Eric W. , Thomann Aly 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To compare outcomes of 2 rehabilitation protocols on patellar tendinitis subjects.Design:Prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial.Setting:Outpatient rehabilitation clinic.Subjects:Randomized into 2 rehabilitation groups—traditional (n= 10) and ASTM AdvantEDGE (n= 10).Main Outcome Measures:Clinical data and self-reported questionnaires collected at 0, 6, and 12 weeks.Results:On completion of the 6th week, 100% of the ASTM AdvantEDGE group and 60% of the traditional group had resolved. The unresolved subjects were crossed over to the ASTM AdvantEDGE for additional therapy. At the end of the additional therapy, 50% of the crossover subjects had resolved. The ASTM AdvantEDGE group's clinical outcomes and weekly journals indicated a statistically significant (P= .04) improvement in subjective pain and functional-impairment ratings.Conclusions:Findings suggest that ASTM AdvantEDGE resulted in improved clinical outcomes in treating patellar tendinitis.
A Student Perspective of Intramural Sport Risk Management Procedures
Authors: Miller John , Veltri Frank R. , Gillentine Andy 
Published: August 2016

One of the best ways for an intramural sports program to ensure that an ordinary and reasonable standard of care is adhered to, as well as guarding against litigation, is communication of a risk management program. While having a risk management plan has been widely stressed, no previous research has been conducted from a participant's viewpoint. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of university intramural risk management plans from the participant's perception. The primary results of this study indicate that the majority of the intramural sport participants responded that they had never: a) noticed an intramural supervisor being present while the activity was taking place; b) been informed about the potential for participant injury; c) noticed signage relating to emergency procedures at the area of the activity; d) knew of a risk management plan for intramural sports; d) noticed emergency equipment at the site of the activity; and e) been informed about the possession of First Aid/CPR certification or equivalent by the supervisor.
Impact of Advisor Interaction on the Development of Leadership Skills in Club Sports Officers
Authors: Hall-Yannessa Stacey L. , Forrester Scott 
Published: August 2016

Club sports are an important component of a comprehensive recreational sports program. Participation in club sports and student organizations has been of particular interest to student services professionals who relate this type of involvement to increased skills development and other dimensions of personal growth. For years, club sports programs have required an advisor for each club sport. While there is a growing body of knowledge on the personal growth and development that students experience from faculty and staff academic advising, there is little, if any, empirical research examining the impact of club sports advisors on the development of club sports officers. This study attempts to identify differences in leadership-skills development of club sport officers based on the number of hours the officers spend consulting with their advisor. The researchers surveyed 94 officers using the Student Leadership Skills Inventory eight months after their leadership role had begun. Analysis of the self-reported data reveals a positive correlation between leadership-skills development, and the amount of time spent with the advisor. Suggestions for future research are made in the context of the limitations of the study.
Student Employee Recruitment and Retention through Campus Partnerships
Authors: Daprano Corinne M. , Coyle Megan L. , Titlebaum Peter J. 
Published: August 2016

Student employees play a critical role in the operation of student recreation centers. One of the challenges faced by many recreational sports departments is the ongoing need to recruit and retain these student employees. Recruitment can be done through word of mouth, current employee referrals, and on-campus advertising. Retention can be accomplished through competitive pay rates, flexible work hours, a challenging and exciting work environment, and opportunities to advance, among other strategies (Chelladurai, 1999). Recruitment and retention are important considerations for any recreational sports department, large or small, because student employees have an enormous impact on both the quantity and quality of programs and services offered by the department. This article proposes a strategy for establishing partnerships with academic departments to aid in the recruitment and retention of student employees. These collaborative partnerships have the ability to benefit students, the recreational sports department, academic departments, and university student retention efforts. This article outlines how to establish and implement these relationships and proposes several possible partnerships between recreational sports and various academic departments. Following a description of this strategy is an example of a partnership that has been successfully established at one Midwestern university.
Directors of Public and Private State-of-the-Art Multimillion Dollar Recreational Facilities Lead the Way in Risk Management Practices
Authors: Styles Alvy E. , Mulrooney Aaron L. 
Published: August 2016

The study's purpose was to identify and examine two main areas: the risk management practices and documents being used by recreation directors of state-of-the-art multimillion dollar recreational facilities and the number of lawsuits, settlements, and accidents. Due to the large amount of financial and legal risk exposure at these facilities, it is assumed that the facility directors would implement and rate as either important or very important the five elements of a bona fide risk management program: Surveys were distributed to recreational directors in senior colleges and universities throughout the US. The sample frame was listing in the National Intramural Recreational Sports Association Facilities of Distinction, Volumes, I, II, and III, and college and university facilities listed in “State of the Art Facilities” in Athletic Business ( N = 65). These institutions typically offer a wide range of recreational programs and have large recreational facilities that are either purpose-built or shared. A total of 35 recreational directors responded, a 54% return rate. The findings suggest that: (a) the importance of risk management practices has reached the university administration, (b) recreational directors are implementing risk management plans, (c) recreational directors are creating their own risk management manuals, and (d) the ACSM and the NIRSA documents are the two publications most commonly used by recreational directors to assist them in creating their risk management manuals.
Fit into College II: Physical Activity and Nutrition Behavior Effectiveness and Programming Recommendations
Authors: King Kristi McClary , Ling Jiying , Ridner Lee , Jacks Dean , Newton Karen S. , Topp Robert 
Published: August 2016

Purpose To determine whether residency (living on campus versus off campus) was related to the effects of Fit into College on students' health behaviors, and to understand interns' perceptions of their roles in mentoring their trainees. Design Pre-experimental, one-group, pretest-posttest design and a posttest focus group interview. Setting University-offered health and internship courses. Subjects Twenty-four students (trainees) participated in the intervention, nine of whom lived on campus. Five student-interns served as their mentors. Intervention Fit into College was a 14-week intervention in which trainees teamed up with an intern to improve and/or maintain healthy nutrition and physical activity behaviors. Measures Trainees' nutrition and physical activity behaviors and perceptions were quantitatively assessed through surveys at preintervention and postintervention. Interns' mentoring perceptions were qualitatively assessed through a focus group interview after the intervention. Analysis Two-factor repeated measure ANOVAs and qualitative theme identification. Results Regardless of their residency location, the trainees' perceptions of the health benefits of eating fruits and vegetables improved during the intervention. However, for trainees living on campus, the intervention was not effective in increasing the number of fruits and vegetables consumed or the planning for food preparation. The interns perceived that they did not have adequate access to healthy foods, the knowledge or skills to prepare healthy foods, or the competency to teach food preparation strategies to their trainees. For trainees living on campus, the intervention was more effective in decreasing perceived exercise barriers than trainees living off campus. Conclusion Future iterations of Fit into College may focus on 1) improving college students' planning and preparation of healthy foods, 2) segmenting trainees into more homogeneous groups for the interns to tailor their areas of expertise (campus vs. off-campus and/or freshman vs. upperclass students), and 3) collaborating with university-partners to improve environmental conditions to promote physical activity and healthy nutrition.
The Relation of Coaching Context and Coach Education to Coaching Efficacy and Perceived Leadership Behaviors in Youth Sport
Authors: Sullivan Philip , Paquette Kyle J. , Holt Nicholas L. , Bloom Gordon A. 
Published: August 2016

This research was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.The purposes of this study were to examine how coaching context and level of coaching education were related to coaching efficacy and, subsequently, how coaching efficacy was related to perceived leadership behaviors in youth sports. One hundred and seventy-two youth sport coaches completed the Coaching Efficacy Scale and Revised Leadership Scale for Sports. Structural equation modeling revealed that coach education significantly affected the multidimensional construct of coaching efficacy whereas coaching context did not. Coaching efficacy predicted perceived leadership behaviors comprising training and instruction, positive feedback, social support, and situational consideration. These findings question the issue of coaching efficacy as a factor that may distinguish between coaches at different organizational contexts but highlight the importance of coach education training for improving coaching efficacy in youth sport.