bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-directed learning and the student learning experience in undergraduate clinical science programs: a scoping review
Authors: Finn Ashleigh , Fitzgibbon Caitlin , Fonda Natalie , Gosling Cameron M 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHealth professional organisations are increasingly promoting the use of self-directed learning. Furthermore, the rapidly evolving field of healthcare has meant that there is greater emphasis within tertiary education for students to become self-directed learners and possess the skills to engage in life-long learning. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the drivers that improve the student learning experience, in undergraduate clinical science programs that utilise self-directed learning. The Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review Methodology guided this study. The electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, Scopus and ERIC were comprehensively searched in April 2022 and re-run August 2023, for peer-reviewed research articles published in English. The original search was developed in MEDLINE and then adapted to each database. Following the Joanna Briggs Scoping Review methodology, articles were screened first by title and abstract and then by full text. Included articles were assessment for methodological quality. The search strategy yielded 2209 articles for screening. 19 met the inclusion criteria. Five key factors were identified which improve the student learning experience in self-directed learning: (i) curricular elements; (ii) educator influence; (iii) impact of peers, (iv) environment; and (v) clinical placement experiences. There are many curricular, environmental, and external factors which can improve the student learning experience in programs that utilise self-directed learning. Greater understanding of these factors will allow educators within clinical science programs to implement self-directed learning strategies more effectively within curriculum.
A new food security approach? Continuity and novelty in the European Union’s turn to preparedness
Authors: Pellizzoni Luigi , Centemeri Laura , Benegiamo Maura , Panico Carla 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Preparedness is an anticipatory approach developed in the military and health sectors in response to unforeseen and unforeseeable crises and emergencies. It has recently entered the debate over the resilience and sustainability of European food systems. The paper seeks to shed light on the implications of the European Union's adoption of preparedness in its food security policy, particularly focusing on the preparatory phase and the early activity the European Food Security Crisis Preparedness and Response Mechanism (EFSCM), a consultative body launched by the European Commission in 2021. Through an analysis of documents and meeting minutes, we illustrate how debates on implementing preparedness are influenced by conflicting sociotechnical imaginaries of sustainable food security. Results show that the EU's shift towards preparedness combines elements of continuity and novelty in its food policy. Continuity concerns the acknowledged need to deal with growing turbulence and unpredictability affecting food systems. Novelty involves attempts at building bridges between diverging imaginaries of sustainable food security to address both short-term and long-term challenges to food security. Also new is the shift to a ‘management,’ as opposed to a ‘problem-solving,’ outlook on crisis and emergency.
Surviving Science – Coping with Exit-Decisions in Physics and History
Authors: Fenkner Tim , Gottschalk-Rayling Jonas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcademic careers between the completion of a PhD and the acquisition of tenure are characterized by short term contracts, high levels of competition, and future uncertainty. Existing research indicates that uncertainty is a primary cause for postdocs in all disciplines to constantly question the continuation of their career. Despite this commonality between disciplines, we argue that future imaginations, coping strategies and ultimately the decision-making practices to exit or remain in academia differ in each discipline. Drawing from 60 qualitative interviews with physicists and historians, we compared imaginations of the labor market inside and outside of academia, as well as narratives on how they perceive their agency to exit or remain. Our data shows that imaginations of the labor market outside of academia, have considerable consequences for their sense of precarity and planning of career paths. We propose that the uniform concept of future uncertainty must be separated into ‘existential uncertainty’ and ‘secured uncertainty’, which more accurately reflect the problems postdocs are confronted with and the resulting coping strategies. While those who consider their uncertainty as existential either evoke narratives of survival to continue in adverse conditions or begin parallel careers as added security. Those who perceive their future as uncertain but generally secured rely either on their ability to decide when necessary or postpone the question indefinitely. These differences that correlate with our chosen disciplines have important implications for research quality as well as mental-health hazards and further our understanding of self-exploitation and precarity in academia.
Divergent regulation of long non-coding RNAs H19 and PURPL affects cell senescence in human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Frediani Elena , Anceschi Cecilia , Ruzzolini Jessica , Ristori Sara , Nerini Alice , Laurenzana Anna , Chillà Anastasia , Germiniani Claudia Elena Zoe , Fibbi Gabriella , Del Rosso Mario , Mocali Alessandra , Venturin Marco , Battaglia Cristina , Giovannelli Lisa , Margheri Francesca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCellular senescence is a permanent cell growth arrest that occurs in response to various intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli and is associated with cellular and molecular changes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of cellular senescence by affecting the expression of many important genes involved in senescence-associated pathways and processes. Here, we evaluated a panel of lncRNAs associated with senescence for their differential expression between young and senescent human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and studied the effect of a known senomorphic compound, resveratrol, on the expression of lncRNAs in senescent NHDFs. As markers of senescence, we evaluated cell growth, senescence-associated (SA)-β-Gal staining, and the expression of p21, Lamin B1 and γH2AX. We found that H19 and PURPL were the most altered lncRNAs in replicative, in doxorubicin (DOXO) and ionising radiation (IR)-induced senescence models. We then investigated the function of H19 and PURPL in cell senescence by siRNA-mediated silencing in young and senescent fibroblasts, respectively. Our results showed that H19 knockdown reduced cell viability and induced cell senescence and autophagy of NHDFs through the regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway; conversely, PURPL silencing reversed senescence by reducing (SA)-β-Gal staining, recovering cell proliferation with an increase of S-phase cells, and reducing the p53-dependent DNA damage response. Overall, our data highlighted the role of H19 and PURPL in the senescent phenotype and suggested that these lncRNAs may have important implications in senescence-related diseases.
Effect of hydrotalcites in tannate conversion coatings for iron artefacts
Authors: Košťúr Roman , Dujnič Viera , Tomanová Katarína , Červenková Andrea , Zemanová Matilda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe surface treatment of iron artefacts requires an application of the proper conservation coating to prevent further corrosion deterioration. Tannate coating is preferred as a conservation agent of iron/steel with the desired black appearance of the surface. In this work, the modification of the tannate coating with hydrotalcites to improve conservation ability was studied. Methodology of the surface treatment was developed, and process parameters: hydrotalcite addition, applied layers, immersion time and pH of the stock solution were studied. The treated surface was characterised by various methods e.g. Raman spectroscopy, EDX measurements and electrochemical characterisation, and the quality of the surface treatment was evaluated with respect to cyclic QUV test. Effect of hydrotalcite addition on quality of the conversion coating was confirmed and explained by incorporation of Al in the coating. Mechanism of the modified conversion coating was proposed.
Imputation methods for mixed datasets in bioarchaeology
Authors: Ryan-Despraz Jessica , Wissler Amanda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMissing data is a prevalent problem in bioarchaeological research and imputation could provide a promising solution. This work simulated missingness on a control dataset (481 samples × 41 variables) in order to explore imputation methods for mixed data (qualitative and quantitative data). The tested methods included Random Forest (RF), PCA/MCA, factorial analysis for mixed data (FAMD), hotdeck, predictive mean matching (PMM), random samples from observed values (RSOV), and a multi-method (MM) approach for the three missingness mechanisms (MCAR, MAR, and MNAR) at levels of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% missingness. This study also compared single imputation with an adapted multiple imputation method derived from the R package “mice”. The results showed that the adapted multiple imputation technique always outperformed single imputation for the same method. The best performing methods were most often RF and MM, and other commonly successful methods were PCA/MCA and PMM multiple imputation. Across all criteria, the amount of missingness was the most important parameter for imputation accuracy. While this study found that some imputation methods performed better than others for the control dataset, each imputation method has advantages and disadvantages. Imputation remains a promising solution for datasets containing missingness; however when making a decision it is essential to consider dataset structure and research goals.
Use of European badger setts by invasive raccoons and other mesocarnivores in western Poland
Authors: Ważna Agnieszka , Nowakowski Krzysztof , Kurek Przemysław , Ciepliński Mateusz , Cichocki Jan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe describe a cases of main setts of European badger Meles meles being used by non-native raccoons Procyon lotor and raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides and native red foxes Vulpes vulpes in western Poland. From April to June 2022 and from November 2022 to mid-April 2023, we monitored the main badger setts (27 in spring and 14 in winter) using camera traps. We recorded the presence of red foxes in 63.0%, raccoon dogs in 48.1% and raccoons in 22.2% of the setts. These species were more likely to occupy badger setts in winter. The raccoon is the second invasive species after the raccoon dog to use badger setts for shelter in Poland. In four setts, we observed that two native (badger and red fox) and two non-native (raccoon and raccoon dog) mesocarnivores cohabited the same sett.
Discrepancy between antibiotic pack sizes and guideline recommendations: a real-world analysis based on claims data
Authors: Stollberg Sabrina M. , Graber Sereina M. , Kronenberg Andreas , Senn Oliver , Neuner-Jehle Stefan , Pluess-Suard Catherine , Huber Carola A. , Plate Andreas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Antibiotics are often only available in predefined pack sizes, which may not align with guideline recommendations. This can result in leftover pills, leading to inappropriate self-medication or waste disposal, which can both foster the development of antibiotic resistance. The magnitude of inappropriate pack sizes is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential non-conformity of prescribed antibiotic pack sizes.

Methods
This retrospective observational study was based on claims data from a large Swiss health insurance company. The study analysed the prescriptions of eleven different antibiotic substances recommended for the five most common indications for antibiotics in Switzerland. All prescriptions for adult outpatients issued by general practitioners in 2022 were included and extrapolated to the entire Swiss population. Potential non-conformity was defined as a mismatch between the total dosage in a pack and the total dosage recommended.

Results
A total of n = 947,439 extrapolated prescriptions were analysed. In 10 of 23 of all analysed substance/indication combinations none of the prescribed packs aligned with the respective guideline recommendation. Considering pack sizes in which the total prescribed dosage of a substance did not correspond to any of the total dosages recommended in at least one of the guidelines, 31.6% of prescriptions were potentially non-conform and an estimated number of 2.7 million tablets were overprescribed.

Conclusions
We found a large discrepancy between prescribed pack sizes and guideline recommendations. Since inadequately prepacked antibiotics may lead to antibiotic resistance and unnecessary waste, efforts are needed to implement alternatives like exact pill dispensing.
Survey on current clinical practice in geriatric oncology: the individual experience in five European Cancer Centers
Authors: Javier-González M. , Boulahssass R. , Lago L. Dal , González-Senac N. M. , Nair S. , Vetter M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To gather information from clinicians on how geriatric oncology models of care have emerged in different European countries and describe current practice in this clinical area.

Methods
A semi-structured online interview was performed, exploring aspects related to implementation, perceived quality of care, and professional satisfaction.

Results
The centers participating in this interview showed significant differences in terms of resource allocation, team members, components of the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), and CGA-driven interventions. High levels of professional satisfaction were expressed by all participants. This was deemed a consequence of a perception of increased quality in the provision of care and enhanced educational and academic opportunities.

Conclusion
Interdisciplinary models of care in geriatric oncology, regardless of implementation details, seem to provide grounds for increased professional satisfaction and perception of better provision of quality of care. These characteristics could support promoting and further developing similar collaborations on a wider scale.
Collaborative strategies for sustainable management of the Citarum Watershed in Indonesia: a Quintuple Helix approach
Authors: Abdillah Abdillah , Widianingsih Ida , Buchari Rd Ahmad , Nurasa Heru 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Citarum River revitalization program through the “Citarum Harum” program, focuses on integrated cooperation between multi-sector actors in managing the Citarum Watershed sustainably and improving the quality of life around the river. Such as ministries (central government) acting as policy and regulation providers and as the leading sector, local governments acting as program supervisors and monitors, academics/universities acting as knowledge creators and program management innovations, the private sector acting as important partners, communities acting as program supporters and participants, and the Indonesian National Army (Tentara National Indonesia, TNI) acting as initiators, law enforcers, and field supervisors. This article outlines some of the challenges faced by Citarum Watershed, as well as important findings regarding collaborative sustainable and resilient watershed management, particularly in the context of the Citarum River, Indonesia. In this commentary, we underscore the importance of collaborative efforts, effective policy frameworks, and adaptive management strategies in addressing the environmental challenges faced by the Citarum River, while highlighting the need for ongoing commitment from all stakeholders during program implementation and post-program. The implications of these findings suggest a holistic, inclusive, and adaptive approach to sustainable management of watersheds and the environment that can be applied to other regions facing similar challenges such as Pollution; Environmental Degradation; Critical Land and Sedimentation; Inadequate Infrastructure; Population Growth and Urbanization; Climate Change, Weak Law Enforcement, and Lack of Coordination Among Stakeholders.
Genetic variability and discriminatory power of RM Y-STRs in gilgit men: a population study
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Farhat , Khan Muhammad Ramzan , Khan Muhammad Ijaz , Rakhmatov Uchkun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractShort Tandem Repeats (STRs) found on the Y chromosome have multiple applications, such as in forensic investigations, male identification for legal reasons, as well as population genetics. However, commercially accessible Y-STR tests are limited in their capability to distinguish closely linked male individuals in forensic genetics. Recent studies have revealed that Rapidly Mutating Y-STRs (RM Y-STRs) offer significantly greater haplotype diversity around the worldwide populations associated to conventional Y-STRs, though some RM Y-STR loci are not contained, current commercial kits. The objective of this research is to create a database of RM Y-STR haplotype frequencies for the Gilgit population in Pakistan and evaluate the effectiveness of these genetic markers in distinguishing individuals with genetic variations. The research involved examining several RM Y-STRs in 56 unrelated Gilgit men. The statistical analysis determined that the majority of the loci-maintained haplotype values, as specific varied in certain cases. The results presented that the RM Y-STRs were very effective in distinguishing genetic changes among the Gilgit population, through a GD value of 0 for DYD403S1 and GD values greater than 0.7 for all other loci, with maximum value of 0.9920 for the RM Y-STR DYS612.
Performance evaluation of fly ash–copper slag-based geopolymer bricks
Authors: Erunkulu Ibukunoluwa O. , Malumbela Goitseone , Oladijo Oluseyi P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the production and evaluation of geopolymer bricks made from a blend of fly ash, copper slag, soda ash activator, and sand as fillers. Locally abundant industrial and mining waste materials were selected as the primary components. The bricks were synthesized using two binders: 60% fly ash with 40% copper slag, or 70% fly ash with 30% copper slag. Both were milled with the activator at a 0.2 soda ash-to-precursor ratio. Fine sand was added to the mixes at 1:2 and 1:3 binders-to-sand ratios. The bricks’ physical, mechanical, and durability properties were examined through compressive strength, modulus of rupture, density, water absorption, drying shrinkage, and efflorescence test, and their performance was compared to established industry standards. The experimental findings indicate that bricks made with 60% fly ash, 40% copper slag, and a 1:2 binder-to-sand ratio exhibited optimal compressive strength (9.64 MPa) and water absorption (7.5%) at 28 days of curing age. Conversely, there was only a marginal increase of up to 4.7% in the strength of the formulation with 70% fly ash and 30% copper slag, attaining a compressive strength of 4.9 MPa between the curing ages. Furthermore, the results indicated a positive correlation between the density and compressive strength of the geopolymer bricks at similar curing ages. The bricks’ density showed minimal variation with curing age and the highest modulus of rupture value observed was 2.5 MPa. The optimal bricks also exhibited relatively low linear shrinkage, good resistance to efflorescence, and met the relevant industry standards.
A meta-analysis of the impact of water-solved pollutants on the protein content of Pistia stratiotes L.
Authors: Hernández-Hernández Eduardo , Cocoletzi-Vásquez Eliezer , Díaz-Martínez María Esther , Sánchez-Viveros Gabriela 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to the high cost of conventional water cleaning procedures, an affordable alternative for developing countries is the use ofPistia stratiotesL. Although these plants adsorb toxic chemicals in their tissues, other studies report a high protein content in its biomass and propose to use it as a fodder or even for human consumption. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the impact of water-solved pollutants on the content of protein in the tissues ofP. stratiotesthrough a meta-analysis of currently available literature. Scientific reports, which included the biochemical analysis of the species when exposed to pollutants in the growing media were retrieved. The statistical analysis identified that chromium, wastewater sludge from a sugar factory, fluoride and linear alkyl benzene sulphonate reduce the content of protein. On the contrary, metals such as copper and zinc showed a slight tendency to promote the accumulation of protein in the biomass. Only the use of municipal wastewater sludge consistently promoted the increase of protein. Since most pollutants reduced the protein content and others also pose a bioaccumulation risk,P. stratiotesis not recommended to be considered as a fodder or to be included in human diet without previously ensuring its chemical innocuity.
Artificial Intelligence and Administrative Discretion: Exploring Adaptations and Boundaries
Authors: Covilla Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the necessary adaptations to the theory of administrative discretion when using AI systems. Regulatory frameworks in the EU, US, and Spain do not prohibit the application of AI in discretionary decision-making. Particularly, AI systems can be used when discretionary power involves correlations. However, to meet Rule of Law conditions, it is essential to establish adaptations and boundaries in areas such as duty of care, reason-giving, and judicial review. These conditions should focus on the impact of decisions on the affected individuals.