bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chondrules in CK carbonaceous chondrites and thermal history of the CV–CK parent body
Authors: Chaumard Noël , Devouard Bertrand 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCK chondrites are the only group of carbonaceous chondrites with petrologic types ranging from 3 to 6. It is commonly reported than ~15 vol% of CK4–6 samples are composed of chondrules. The modal abundance of chondrules estimated here for 18 CK3–6 (including five CK3s) ranges from zero (totally recrystallized) to 50.5%. Although almost all chemically re‐equilibrated with the host matrix, we recognized in CK3s and Tanezrouft (Tnz) 057 (CK4) up to 85% of chondrules as former type I chondrules. Mean diameters of chondrules range from 0.22 to 1.05 mm for Karoonda (CK4) and Tnz 057 (CK4), respectively. Up to ~60% of chondrules in CK3–4 are surrounded by igneous rims (from ~20 μm to 2 mm width). Zoned olivines were found in unequilibrated chondrules from DaG 431 (CK3‐an), NWA 4724 (CK3.8), NWA 4423 (CK3.9), and Tnz 057 (CK4). We modeled Fe/Mg interdiffusion profiles measured in zoned olivines to evaluate the peak metamorphic temperatures and time scales of the CK parent body metamorphism, and proposed a two‐stage diffusion process in order to account for the position of inflection points situated within chondrules. Time scales inferred from Fe/Mg interdiffusion in olivine from unequilibrated chondrules are on the order of tens to a hundred thousand years (from 50 to 70,000 years for peak metamorphic temperatures of 1140 and 920 K, respectively). These durations are longer than what is commonly accepted for shock metamorphism and shorter than what is required for nuclide decay. Using the concept of a continuous CV–CK metamorphic series, which is reinforced by this study, we estimated peak metamorphic temperatures <850 K for CV, 850–920 K for CK3, and 920–1140 K for CK4–6 chondrites considering a duration of 70,000 years.
Predictors of proton pump inhibitor failure in non‐erosive reflux disease: A study with impedance‐pH monitoring and high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Shi Y. , Tan N. , Zhang N. , Xiong L. , Peng S. , Lin J. , Chen M. , Xiao Y. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundApproximately one‐third of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients have symptoms resistant to proton pump inhibitor (PPI). We used the high‐resolution manometry (HRM) and multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH (MII‐pH) monitoring to investigate potential predictors of PPI failure in non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) patients.MethodsOne hundred and seventeen NERD patients were included, within which there were 44 PPI failure patients. The symptomatic questionnaire GerdQ, HRM and 24‐hour MII‐pH monitoring were performed before PPI therapy. PPI failure was defined as persistent reflux symptoms for more than 1 day during the last week on esomeprazole (20 mg twice daily) for continuous 4 weeks. The predictors for PPI failure were investigated by multivariable logistic regression analysis.Key ResultsProton pump inhibitor failure patients had lower body mass index (BMI) and more concomitant functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms. PPI failure patients had a higher percentage of type I esophagogastric junction (EGJ) morphology (p = 0.005), increased EGJ augmentation (p = 0.000), higher prevalence of esophageal motility disorders (p = 0.005) and a higher ratio of negative symptom index (SI, p = 0.000). Multivariable regression analysis showed that concomitance of FD symptoms, EGJ augmentation and negative SI were independent risk factors for PPI failure in NERD.Conclusions & InferencesApproximately half of PPI failure patients were found to have esophageal motility disorders in HRM. The independent risk factors for PPI failure in NERD were concomitant FD symptoms, increased EGJ augmentation and negative SI.
Spontaneous Goal Inference (SGI)
Authors: Moskowitz Gordon B. , Olcaysoy Okten Irmak 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWhen people learn about or observe the behaviors of others, they tend to make implicit inferences from these behaviors (e.g., Uleman, Saribay, & Gonzalez, 2008). Such inferences are an essential part of a person's ability to understand his/her environment and to prepare appropriate behavior within that environment. In the present paper, we review the conditions under which people are more likely to make implicit goal inferences versus implicit trait inferences. The distinction between these two ways of understanding the behavior we observe has important consequences for how we make predictions about future behavior, set expectations for our interaction partners, and how we choose to behave. It can determine when we stereotype. However, until now, the literature has focused on trait inference as the dominant way perceivers make sense of their environment, with little discussion of inferences concerning a person's goals.
Validation of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of canine S100A12
Authors: Heilmann Romy M. , Cranford Shannon M. , Ambrus Andy , Grützner Niels , Schellenberg Stefan , Ruaux Craig G. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundCanine S100 calcium‐binding protein A12 (cS100A12) shows promise as biomarker of inflammation in dogs. A previously developedcS100A12‐radioimmunoassay (RIA) requires radioactive tracers and is not sensitive enough for fecalcS100A12 concentrations in 79% of tested healthy dogs. AnELISAassay may be more sensitive thanRIAand does not require radioactive tracers.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to establish a sandwichELISAfor serum and fecalcS100A12, and to establish reference intervals (RI) for normal healthy canine serum and feces.MethodsPolyclonal rabbit anti‐cS100A12 antibodies were generated and tested by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. A sandwichELISAwas developed and validated, including accuracy and precision, and agreement withcS100A12‐RIA. TheRI, stability, and biologic variation in fecalcS100A12, and the effect of corticosteroids on serumcS100A12 were evaluated.ResultsLower detection limits were 5 μg/L (serum) and 1 ng/g (fecal), respectively. Intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation were ≤ 4.4% and ≤ 10.9%, respectively. Observed‐to‐expected ratios for linearity and spiking recovery were 98.2 ± 9.8% (mean ±SD) and 93.0 ± 6.1%, respectively. There was a significant bias between theELISAand theRIA. TheRIwas 49−320 μg/L for serum and 2−484 ng/g for fecalcS100A12. FecalcS100A12 was stable for 7 days at 23, 4, −20, and −80°C; biologic variation was negligible but variation within one fecal sample was significant. Corticosteroid treatment had no clinically significant effect on serumcS100A12 concentrations.ConclusionsThecS100A12‐ELISAis a precise and accurate assay for serum and fecalcS100A12 in dogs.
Inertia-Driven Controlled Passive Actuation
Authors: Dresscher Douwe , de Vries Theo J. A. , Stramigioli Stefano 
Published: January 2016

A serious problem with using electrical actuators in legged locomotion is the significant energy loss. For this reason, we propose and analyse an alternative means of actuation: Controlled Passive Actuation. Controlled Passive Actuation aims at reducing the energy flow through electric actuators by actuating with a combination of an energy storage element and a Continuously Variable Transmission.
In this work, we present a method where we apply a Continuously Variable Transmission with a storage element in the form of a mass to change the state of another mass (“the load”). An abstraction layer is created to abstract the inertia-driven Controlled Passive Actuation to a source of effort, a force actuator. On this abstracted system, feedback control can be applied to achieve control goals such as path tracking.
With simulations and experiments, we show that inertia-driven Controlled Passive Actuation can be used to control the state of an (inertial) load. The experimental results show that the performance of the system is affected by the internal dynamics and limited rate of change of the transmission ratio of the Continuously Variable Transmission.
Parameterization of photon beam dosimetry for a linear accelerator
Authors: Lebron Sharon , Lu Bo , Yan Guanghua , Kahler Darren , Li Jonathan G. , Barraclough Brendan , Liu Chihray 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:In radiation therapy, accurate data acquisition of photon beam dosimetric quantities is important for (1) beam modeling data input into a treatment planning system (TPS), (2) comparing measured and TPS modeled data, (3) the quality assurance process of a linear accelerator's (Linac) beam characteristics, (4) the establishment of a standard data set for comparison with other data, etcetera. Parameterization of the photon beam dosimetry creates a data set that is portable and easy to implement for different applications such as those previously mentioned. The aim of this study is to develop methods to parameterize photon beam dosimetric quantities, including percentage depth doses (PDDs), profiles, and total scatter output factors (Scp).Methods:Scp, PDDs, and profiles for different field sizes, depths, and energies were measured for a Linac using a cylindrical 3D water scanning system. All data were smoothed for the analysis and profile data were also centered, symmetrized, and geometrically scaled. The Scp data were analyzed using an exponential function. The inverse square factor was removed from the PDD data before modeling and the data were subsequently analyzed using exponential functions. For profile modeling, one halfside of the profile was divided into three regions described by exponential, sigmoid, and Gaussian equations. All of the analytical functions are field size, energy, depth, and, in the case of profiles, scan direction specific. The model's parameters were determined using the minimal amount of measured data necessary. The model's accuracy was evaluated via the calculation of absolute differences between the measured (processed) and calculated data in low gradient regions and distance‐to‐agreement analysis in high gradient regions. Finally, the results of dosimetric quantities obtained by the fitted models for a different machine were also assessed.Results:All of the differences in the PDDs' buildup and the profiles' penumbra regions were less than 2 and 0.5 mm, respectively. The differences in the low gradient regions were 0.20% ± 0.20% (<1% for all) and 0.50% ± 0.35% (<1% for all) for PDDs and profiles, respectively. For Scp data, all of the absolute differences were less than 0.5%.Conclusions:This novel analytical model with minimum measurement requirements was proved to accurately calculate PDDs, profiles, and Scp for different field sizes, depths, and energies.
Technical Note: Spot characteristic stability for proton pencil beam scanning a)
Authors: Chen Chin‐Cheng , Chang Chang , Moyers Michael F. , Gao Mingcheng , Mah Dennis 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:The spot characteristics for proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) were measured and analyzed over a 16 month period, which included one major site configuration update and six cyclotron interventions. The results provide a reference to establish the quality assurance (QA) frequency and tolerance for proton pencil beam scanning.Methods:A simple treatment plan was generated to produce an asymmetric 9‐spot pattern distributed throughout a field of 16 × 18 cm for each of 18 proton energies (100.0–226.0 MeV). The delivered fluence distribution in air was measured using a phosphor screen based CCD camera at three planes perpendicular to the beam line axis (x‐ray imaging isocenter and up/down stream 15.0 cm). The measured fluence distributions for each energy were analyzed using in‐house programs which calculated the spot sizes and positional deviations of the Gaussian shaped spots.Results:Compared to the spot characteristic data installed into the treatment planning system, the 16‐month averaged deviations of the measured spot sizes at the isocenter plane were 2.30% and 1.38% in the IEC gantry x and y directions, respectively. The maximum deviation was 12.87% while the minimum deviation was 0.003%, both at the upstream plane. After the collinearity of the proton and x‐ray imaging system isocenters was optimized, the positional deviations of the spots were all within 1.5 mm for all three planes. During the site configuration update, spot positions were found to deviate by 6 mm until the tuning parameters file was properly restored.Conclusions:For this beam delivery system, it is recommended to perform a spot size and position check at least monthly and any time after a database update or cyclotron intervention occurs. A spot size deviation tolerance of <15% can be easily met with this delivery system. Deviations of spot positions were <2 mm at any plane up/down stream 15 cm from the isocenter.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptococcus orisasini SH06, Isolated from a Healthy Thoroughbred Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Takagi Misako , Nakano Akiyo , Toh Hidehiro , Oshima Kenshiro , Arakawa Kensuke , Nakajima Fumihiko , Tashiro Kosuke , Kikusui Tekefumi , Yanagida Fujitoshi , Morita Hidetoshi 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTStreptococcus orisasiniSH06 was isolated from a healthy thoroughbred gastrointestinal tract. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this organism. This paper is the first published report of the genomic sequence ofS. orisasini.
Draft Genome Sequence of “
Cohnella kolymensis
” B-2846
Authors: Karlyshev Andrey V. , Kudryashova Ekaterina B. , Ariskina Elena V. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

A draft genome sequence of “
Cohnella kolymensis
” strain B-2846 was derived using IonTorrent sequencing technology. The size of the assembly and G+C content were in agreement with those of other species of this genus. Characterization of the genome of a novel species of
Cohnella
will assist in bacterial systematics.
Nascent Genomic Evolution and Allopatric Speciation of Myroides profundi D25 in Its Transition from Land to Ocean
Authors: Zhang Yu-Zhong , Li Yi , Xie Bin-Bin , Chen Xiu-Lan , Yao Qiong-Qiong , Zhang Xi-Ying , Kempher Megan L. , Zhou Jizhong , Oren Aharon , Qin Qi-Long 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

A large amount of bacterial biomass is transferred from land to ocean annually. Most transferred bacteria should not survive, but undoubtedly some do. It is unclear what mechanisms these bacteria use in order to survive and even thrive in a new marine environment.
Myroides profundi
D25
T
, a member of the
Bacteroidetes
phylum, was isolated from deep-sea sediment of the southern Okinawa Trough near the China mainland and had high genomic sequence identity to and synteny with the human opportunistic pathogen
Myroides odoratimimus
. Phylogenetic and physiological analyses suggested that
M. profundi
recently transitioned from land to the ocean. This provided an opportunity to explore how a bacterial genome evolved to survive in a novel environment. Changes in the transcriptome were evaluated when both species were cultured under low-salinity conditions and then transferred to high-salinity conditions. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that
M. profundi
altered transcription regulation in the early stages of survival. In these stages, vertically inherited genes played a key role in the survival of
M. profundi
. The contribution of
M. profundi
unique genes, some possibly acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), appeared relatively small, and expression levels of unique genes were diminished under the high-salinity conditions. We postulate that HGT genes might play an important role in longer-term adaptation. These results suggested that some human pathogens might have the ability to survive in and adapt to the marine environment, which may have important implications for public health control in coastal regions.

IMPORTANCE
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is considered to be important for bacteria to adapt to a different microhabitat. However, our results showed that vertically inherited genes might play more important roles than HGT genes in the nascent adaptation to the marine environment in the bacterium
Myroides profundi
, which has recently been transferred from land to ocean.
M. profundi
unique genes had low expression levels and were less regulated under high-salinity conditions, indicating that the contribution of HGT genes to survival of this bacterium under marine high-salinity conditions was limited. In the early adaptation stages,
M. profundi
apparently survived and adapted mainly by regulating the expression of inherited core genes. These results may explain in part why human pathogens can easily be detected in marine environments.
Newspaper coverage of maternal health in Bangladesh, Rwanda and South Africa: a quantitative and qualitative content analysis
Authors: Gugsa Frey , Karmarkar Ellora , Cheyne Andrew , Yamey Gavin 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo examine newspaper coverage of maternal health in three countries that have made varying progress towards Millennium Development Goal 5 (MDG 5): Bangladesh (on track), Rwanda (making progress, but not on track) and South Africa (no progress).DesignWe analysed each country's leading national English-language newspaper: Bangladesh'sThe Daily Star, Rwanda'sThe New Times/The Sunday Times, and South Africa'sSunday Times/The Times. We quantified the number of maternal health articles published from 1 January 2008 to 31 March 2013. We conducted a content analysis of subset of 190 articles published from 1 October 2010 to 31 March 2013.ResultsBangladesh'sThe Daily Starpublished 579 articles related to maternal health from 1 January 2008 to 31 March 2013, compared to 342 in Rwanda'sThe New Times/The Sunday Timesand 253 in South Africa'sSunday Times/The Timesover the same time period.The Daily Starhad the highest proportion of stories advocating for or raising awareness of maternal health. Most maternal health articles inThe Daily Star(83%) andThe New Times/The Sunday Times(69%) used a ‘human-rights’ or ‘policy-based’ frame compared to 41% of articles fromSunday Times/The Times.ConclusionsIn the three countries included in this study, which are on different trajectories towards MDG 5, there were differences in the frequency, tone and content of their newspaper coverage of maternal health. However, no causal conclusions can be drawn about this association between progress on MDG 5 and the amount and type of media coverage of maternal health.
Protocol for a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study of postconcussive symptoms in children: the Take C.A.Re (Concussion Assessment and Recovery Research) study
Authors: Bressan Silvia , Takagi Michael , Anderson Vicki , Davis Gavin A , Oakley Ed , Dunne Kevin , Clarke Cathriona , Doyle Melissa , Hearps Stephen , Ignjatovic Vera , Seal Marc , Babl Franz E 
Published: January 2016

IntroductionA substantial minority of children who sustain a concussion suffer prolonged postconcussive symptoms. These symptoms can persist for more than 1 month postinjury and include physical, cognitive, behavioural and emotional changes. Those affected can develop significant disability, diminishing their quality of life. The precise prevalence of postconcussive symptoms following child concussion is unclear, with heterogeneous and at times conflicting results published regarding factors that predict children at risk for developing long-lasting postconcussive symptoms. The aim of the Take C.A.Re (Concussion Assessment and Recovery Research) study is to provide an in-depth multidimensional description of the postconcussive recovery trajectories from a physical, neurocognitive and psychosocial perspective in the 3 months following concussion, with a focus on the early postconcussive period, and identification of factors associated with prolonged recovery.Methods and analysisTake C.A.Re is a prospective, longitudinal study at a tertiary children's hospital, recruiting and assessing patients aged 5–<18 years who present to the emergency department with a concussion and following them at 1–4 days, 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months postinjury. Multiple domains are assessed: postconcussive symptoms, balance and coordination, neurocognition, behaviour, quality of life, fatigue, post-traumatic stress symptoms, parental distress and family burden. ‘Delayed recovery’ is operationalised as the presence of ≥3 symptoms on the Post Concussive Symptoms Inventory rated as worse compared with baseline. Main analyses comprise analysis of variance (recovery trajectories, delayed vs normal recovery groups) and regression analyses of predictors of recovery (preinjury, acute and family factors).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained through the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee (33122). We aim to disseminate the findings through international conferences, international peer-reviewed journals and social media.Trial registration numberACTRN12615000316505.
Towards a ‘patient-centred’ operationalisation of the new dynamic concept of health: a mixed methods study
Authors: Huber M , van Vliet M , Giezenberg M , Winkens B , Heerkens Y , Dagnelie P C , Knottnerus J A 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate among stakeholders the support for the new, dynamic concept of health, as published in 2011: ‘Health as the ability to adapt and to self-manage’, and to elaborate perceived indicators of health in order to make the concept measurable.DesignA mixed methods study: a qualitative first step with interviews and focus groups, followed by a quantitative survey.ParticipantsRepresentatives of seven healthcare stakeholder domains, for example, healthcare providers, patients with a chronic condition and policymakers. The qualitative study involved 140 stakeholders; the survey 1938 participants.ResultsThe new concept was appreciated, as it addresses people as more than their illness and focuses on strengths rather than weaknesses. Caution is needed as the concept requires substantial personal input of which not everyone is capable. The qualitative study identified 556 health indicators, categorised into six dimensions:bodily functions, mental functions and perception, spiritual/existential dimension, quality of life, social and societal participation,anddaily functioning,with 32 underlying aspects. The quantitative study showed all stakeholder groups consideringbodily functionsto represent health, whereas for other dimensions there were significant differences between groups. Patients considered all six dimensions almost equally important, thus preferring a broad concept of health, whereas physicians assessed health more narrowly and biomedically. In the qualitative study, 78% of respondents considered their health indicators to represent the concept.ConclusionsTo prevent confusion with health as ‘absence of disease’, we propose the use of the term ‘positive health’ for the broad perception of health with six dimensions, as preferred by patients. This broad perception deserves attention by healthcare providers as it may support shared decision-making in medical practice. For policymakers, the broad perception of ‘positive health’ is valuable as it bridges the gap between healthcare and the social domain, and by that it may demedicalise societal problems.