bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyketide Synthase 13 (Pks13) Inhibition: A Potential Target for New Class of Anti-tubercular Agents
Authors: Khola Sonia , Kumar Sachin , Bhanwala Neeru , Khatik Gopal L. 
Published: September 2024

:
Tuberculosis is one of the deadly infectious diseases that has resurfaced in multiple/
extensively resistant variants (MDR/XDR), threatening humankind. Today’s world has a higher
prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) than it has ever had throughout human history. Due to severe adverse
effects, the marketed medications are not entirely effective in these forms. So, developing
new drugs with a promising target is an immense necessity. Pks13 has emerged as a promising
target for the mycobacterium. The concluding step of mycolic acid production involved Pks13, a
crucial enzyme that helps form the precursor of mycolic acid via the Claisen-condensation reaction.
It has five domains at the active site for targeting the enzyme and is used to test chemical entities
for their antitubercular activity. Benzofurans, thiophenes, coumestans, N-phenyl indoles, and β
lactones are the ligands that inhibit the Pks13 enzyme, showing potential antitubercular properties.
Metabolic and Reproductive Parameters in Young Female Rats Subjected to Feed Restriction and/or Ginger Oil Administration
Authors: Subih Hadil S. , Obeidat Belal S. , Kridli Rami T. , Obeidat Mohammad D. , Janakat Sana M. , Qudsieh Rasha I. , Obeidat Leen B. , Shdaifat Basma , Izbeidat Amina , Al-Khashroom Wessam , Mayyas Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

Background
It is well known that the medicinal plant ginger (Zingiber officinale) has anti-oxidative properties that shield tissues and organs against oxidative damage.

Aims
Forty-eight, 9-week-old Sprague Dawley female rats (159±13 g) were used to evaluate the effects of feed restriction and/or ginger oil supplementation on growth, reproductive parameters, and blood metabolites.

Methods
Animals were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups (12 rats/treatment) in 2 × 2 factorial arrangements: ad libitum feed (CON), 25% feed restriction (G2), ad libitum feeding with 0.2 mL/rat ginger oil (G3), and 25% feed restriction plus 0.2 mL/rat ginger oil (G4). Animals in groups G2 and G4 received 75% of their pre-treatment feed intake (25% restriction). Six rats from each group were sacrificed at the end of treatments for blood and tissue collection, while the remaining rats were mated with mature males.

Results
No ginger-by-feed restriction interactions were detected in any of the tested parameters. Body size and BW increased as the experiment advanced (P < 0.01). However, G2 had the lowest BW towards the end of the treatment. Glucose was greater (P < 0.05) in feed-restricted animals, while urea nitrogen was greater in animals on ad libitum feeding. Combined ovarian weights and reproductive tract weights were greater in ginger-supplemented than non-supplemented animals. Similarly, rats on ad libitum feeding had greater ovarian weights than those on restricted feeding.

Conclusion
Ginger oil supplementation appears to have favorable effects on reproductive tract development and ovarian weight regardless of feed restriction.
The Impact of Electronic Device Use on Dry Eye Disease Symptoms based on Age and Gender: A Cross-sectional Study in Health Science University Students
Authors: Allwihan Ragad , Alhalwani Amani Y. , Khojah Mohammed , Abduljawad Joud M. , Albedaiwi Tarfah B. , Bazhair Ruba M. , Alkhayyat Alaa A. , Alsolami Maria N. , Anbari Lujain K. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Individuals with dry eye disease (DED) may experience ocular symptoms, affecting their quality of life. DED is multifactorial and is related to age, gender, and other factors. While a study may contain examination results of DED symptoms in elderly populations, where electronic device use has contributed to DED, disease occurrence in younger populations, such as university students, remains unclear.

Purpose
We evaluated DED frequency and risk factors for health science university students using electronic devices during online courses.

Methods
This study is a cross-sectional study using a previously validated DED questionnaire [Computer Vision Syndrome questionnaire (CVSQ)], which contains three parts: student demographics, electronic device information, and DED symptoms. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study of 359 health science students (aged 18 and above) at King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between October 2022 and January 2023. We collected data on electronic device variables and DED symptoms in this cohort.

Results
We recruited 359 male (29.2%) and female (70.8%) health science students. Participant ages ranged from 18–20 (62.4%) to 21–27 (37.6%) years old. Participants were asked 24 questions, which gathered information on electronic device type, screen time in online classes, occupational characteristics (smoking status), and associated eye symptoms, such as pain, redness, itchiness, dryness, and heavy eyelids. Based on most responses, the Tablet was the most used and preferred device (85%), with continuous use of the device during university courses/ activities (85.8%). The correlation of the survey parameters was only significantly related to gender and study years with DED symptoms. The highest eye symptom intensity levels (always to severe) indicated burning (6.7%) and dryness (8.6%) sensations. Lastly, a significant association was identified between DED symptoms and screen time, gender, and smoking status.

Conclusion
DED symptoms were commonly reported in university students who used electronic devices. Our study provides valuable insights into electronic device usage duration impacted the ocular health of females and younger students, aiding in preventing dry eye disease risks and maintaining good eye health.
Web-Based Intervention Using Self-Compassionate Writing to Induce Positive Mood in Family Caregivers of Older Adults: Quantitative Study
Authors: Wiita Farah , Ho Aileen K , Weinstein Netta 
Published: September 2024

Background
Caregiver burden can impact the mental health of family caregivers, but self-compassion may help reduce this impact. Brief self-compassion interventions have been shown to be useful but have not been tested in family caregivers of older adults.

Objective
This study aimed to test the effects of a brief self-compassion intervention and its components (self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness) on mental well-being and mood when reflecting on difficult family caregiving experiences.

Methods
British caregivers were recruited through a web-based panel. Three experimental studies manipulated the self-compassion intervention. In study 1 (n=206) and study 2 (n=224), participants wrote about a difficult caregiving experience while focusing on 1 self-compassion component (self-kindness, common humanity, or mindfulness). In study 3 (n=222) participants focused on all components. Self-compassion, serenity, guilt, and sadness were measured.

Results
In studies 1 and 2, condition effects showed mindfulness unexpectedly lowered mood. Inconsistent and modest benefits to affect were achieved by engagement in self-kindness and common humanity in study 1 (guilt [lowered]: P=.02 and sadness [lowered]: P=.04; serenity [nonsignificantly raised]: P=.20) and also in study 2 (sadness [nonsignificantly lowered]: P=.23 and guilt [nonsignificantly lowered]: P=.26; serenity [raised]: P=.33); significant benefits for self-compassion and mood were found in study 3 (serenity [raised]: P=.01, kindness [raised]: P=.003, and common humanity [raised]: P≤.001; guilt [lowered]: P<.001 and sadness [lowered]: P≤.001). More intensive efforts should be made to promote self-compassion in caregivers of older adults, with caution advised when relying primarily on mindfulness approaches.

Conclusions
Self-compassionate writing may be beneficial for family caregivers, but more intensive interventions are needed. Further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and content for achieving the greatest effects.
Perkembangan Pusat Perkotaan di Daerah: Analisa Kegiatan Wilayah Kabupaten Klaten Menggunakan Citra Landsat
Authors: Deviana Adinda , Giyarsih Sri Rum , Hizbaron Dyah Rahmawati 
Published: September 2024

Kabupaten Klaten mengalami perkembangan pesat dari tahun ke tahun karena adanya perkembangan aspek fisik, politik, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya. Untuk melihat perkembangan kota dari segi fisik maka harus diamati dari kenampakan fisik dari sistem jalan, blok bangunan permukiman serta blok bangunan bukan wilayah permukiman. Bentuk morfologi kota berbeda pada setiap bagiannya sesuai dengan sejarah pembentukan wilayah dapat dikaji dengan Citra Landsat 8. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui arah perkembangan wilayah kawasan perkotaan Kabupaten Klaten melalui pengamatan dengan Citra Landsat-8. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode deskriptif dalam penelitian ini untuk mengkaji interaksi wilayah menggunakan metode perhitungan teori gravitasi. Pola morfologi kota ditinjau dari perubahan morfologi kota tahun 2013 dan 2021 dengan meninjau pola plot bangunan, pola jaringan jalan dan sistem bangunan dengan citra Landsat 8. Pusat interaksi wilayah dibuat permodelan spasial 3 dimensi untuk memperlihatkan data visual sesuai kondisi lapangan. Zonasi dan Interaksi spasial dikaji berdasarkan analisis geometrik berdasarkan zonasi arah mata angin. Kawasan Perkotaan Klaten Bentuk morfologi kawasan perkotaan Kabupaten Klaten tahun 2013 dan 2021 adalah gurita (octopus city). Pusat morfologi kota berada di Kecamatan Klaten Tengah, Klaten Utara dan Klaten Selatan. Tentakel atau kaki gurita berada pada kawasan pinggiran kota dengan konsentrasi sebagai lokasi industri berada di Kecamatan Ngawen, Kalikotes dan Kebonarum. Pola jalan kawasan perkotaan pada Pusat Kegiatan Wilayah 1 adalah campuran dari pola grid, spinal dan radial. Struktur morfologi bersifat konsentris dengan kepadatan lahan terbangun yang tinggi memiliki sifat linier dengan arah jalan. Perkembangan kota tersebar ke segala arah. Pusat Interaksi wilayah berada di Kecamatan Klaten Utara dan Klaten Tengah. Morfologi kota berpengaruh terhadap pembangunan kawasan sekitarnya.
Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Bauhinia variegata and Commiphora mukul in Regulating Thyroid Stimulating Hormone in Hypothyroidism Induced Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Singha Mahua Bhaumik , Sarma Tikendrajit , Lahakar Mangala 
Published: September 2024

The present clinical interventions used for the management of the hypothyroidism are still associated with various side effects. In order to avoid this, the aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the effect of Bauhinia variegata and Commiphora mukul in regulating serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels in rats. Ethanolic extract of Bauhinia variegata (non-woody aerial parts) and Commiphora mukul(gum resin) was prepared via hot solvent extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the ethanolic extract of Bauhinia variegates linn has all the phytoconstituents except phytosterol, fixed oil and fats. The Commiphora mukul gum resin extract showed the presence of all phytoconstituents except alkaloids, fixed oil and mucilage.The oral toxicity studies showed no abnormalities at the maximum tolerated dose level of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Methimazole were used to induce hypothyroidism in the rats. The animals were treated with different individual and combined dosages (100, 200 and 400 of two plant extracts. Serum TSH level analysis showed that a combination of high dose (400mg /kg body weight) of Bauhinia variegate and Commiphora mukul gum resin extracts showed a significant effect in lowering serum TSH levels raised due to hypothyroidism. To conclude, a combined extract of plants could be a potential therapeutic alternative for the management of hypothyroidism.
Keywords: Bauhinia variegate Linn., Commiphora mukul, Hypothyroidism, Thyroid stimulating hormones, Methimazole.
Preparation of solid dispersions of glibenclamide for in-vitro dissolution enhancement
Authors: Mir Khalid Bashir , Khan Nisar Ahmad 
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to prepare solid dispersions (SD) of Glibenclamide (GLB) and evaluate them for in-vitro drug release enhancement. Glibenclamide is a second generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic drug used to control blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients, but poor-water solubility is responsible for its low oral bioavailability which has severely restricted it in the clinical application for diabetic control. Therefore, to increase the aqueous solubility and thereby, in-vitro dissolution of glibenclamide, solid dispersions were prepared with poloxamer-188in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2; 1:4 & 1:6 by solvent evaporation method in ethanol after conducting preliminary screening for the selection of best carrier and ratio for the development of solid dispersion of glibenclamide . Among the prepared SD formulations, GLB-SD4 (1:6 Drug: Carrier ratio) showed highest enhancement in solubility and in-vitro dissolution rate in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). In-vitro drug release profiles revealed that the drug release (%) of glibenclamide from GLB-SD4 was achieved 6-fold higher than pure drug after 180 mins. It is worth noting that GLB-SD4 provided the highest solubility and in-vitro dissolution rate compared to rest of the SD formulations, pure glibenclamide, market formulation and physical mixtures of glibenclamide in the same medium (Phosphate Buffer pH 6.8) as per the following manner: GLB-SD4 > GLB-PM4 > GLB-MF>Pure GLB. This may be due to more reduction in particle size at molecular level, enhanced wetting properties and better solubilization of P-188 and use of ethanol. The hydrogen bonding interactions between the drug and carrier in the final solid dispersion formulation (GLB-SD4) was detected by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. These results demonstrated that the carrier (P-188) proved effective in improving the solubility of a poorly soluble glibenclamide, thereby endorsing the application of solid dispersion technology for the enhancement of solubility and thereby, in-vitro dissolution rate of glibenclamide.
Keywords: Glibenclamide, Solid dispersion, Solubility, In-vitro dissolution, Fourier Transform Infrared.
Preliminary evaluation of melatonin in the kindling model of epilepsy
Authors: Mishra Ashish , Gupta Jeetendra Kumar , Jain Nilesh , Mistry Sunil 
Published: September 2024

During the past decades, epilepsy syndrome has been depicted across India as well as worldwide and this leads to increasing mortality and morbidity rate. Researchers are trying to investigate the responsible causes and risk factors for seizure occurrence. Epilepsy is a chronic disorder which is derived from a Latin word ‘sacire’ meaning ‘convulsive attack’ and is expressed as a paroxysmal experience appointed to atypical, unnecessary or concurrent neuronal bustle in the brain. The treatment of epilepsy involves the use of anti-epileptic drugs i.e. Sodium valproate, phenytoin, carbamazepine. Despite being treated with the available anti-convulsant drugs, this disease is still prevalent worldwide. So, as an adjuvant treatment melatonin exhibit an anti-epileptic activity in several animal models of epilepsy. However, its anti-epileptic potential has yet to be evaluated in Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced model of epilepsy through kindling phenomenon. Rats were injected with a dose of (35-55 mg/kg) of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) up to twenty days in alternate days. Observed the convulsive behavior of rats for thirty minutes immediately after PTZ injection. The entire treatment schedule includes the administration of melatonin (75 mg/kg) one hour prior to the PTZ administration. Sodium valproate was used as standard drug for this kindling model of epilepsy.
Keywords: Pentylenetetrazole, Melatonin, Sodium valproate, Gamma-amino butyric acid
Evaluation of Ayurvedic formulation for Pharmacognostic parameters, Phytochemical screening, and acute toxicity
Authors: Singh Hansraj , Indoria Manish Dev , Saxena Gaurav , Kumar Nitin , Kumari Nutan 
Published: September 2024

In this age, there is an urgent need to meticulously examine the present indisputable conclusion on traditional herbal medicines, which are used for a favourable outcome for various maladies. Therefore the current investigation aimed to formulate traditional Ayurvedic medicine Amrtabhallataka Ghrta. (ABG) and evaluate it for pharmacognostic, phytochemistry and acute toxicity on Wistar rats. The organoleptic and microscopical features of Semecarpus anacardium were studied. Further, Bhallantaka nut was evaluated for phytochemical constituents. After the Shodhana process, Amrtabhallataka Ghrita was prepared. Further Ghrita was analysed for its organoleptic, physicochemical features and screened its acute toxicity in Wistar rats. The progress in analytical methodologies could serve as a specific basis for examination in herbal drug technology, thereby, aid the Ayurvedic industry to lay down quality standards and parameters, for the establishment of therapeutic efficacy, safety and purity of herbal drugs.
Keywords: Semecarpus anacardium, Ghrita Standardization, Herbal ghee, Ayurvedic medicine Acute Toxicity
PEGylated liposome containing sildenafil for the treatment of hypertension
Authors: Sharma Jaiprakash , Paliwal Sarvesh , Sharma Swapnil , Dave Vivek 
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to prepare PEGylated liposomes containing sildenafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. PEGylated liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration method by varying the concentration of lipids. The prepared liposomes were characterized for the particle size, PDI, zeta potential, % entrapment efficiency and in-vitro release study. The optimized formulation exhibits a particle size of 104.27±1.4 nm, PDI of 0.449±0.02, zeta potential of -42.9±0.7 along with the maximum encapsulation of drug i.e. 87.30±2.6. Optimized formulation showed % cumulative drug release of 85.38±0.26 in 48 hr. From the study it can be concluded that the PEGylated liposomes containing sildenafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension provides a sustained release of drug and further studies are required to confirm their efficacy at clinical level.
Keywords: Sildenafil; PEGylated liposomes; Pulmonary arterial hypertension; % entrapment efficiency
An exhaustive overview of floating drug delivery system
Authors: Mukherjee Lucky , Chandra Srikanta , Mukherjee Bijayan , Bhowmick Mithun 
Published: September 2024

The purpose of writing this review is to narrowing down on floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) and to compile the current literature with special focus on the principal mechanism of floatation to ameliorate gastric retention. The current amelioration of FDDS including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention approaches to design single unit and multiple unit floating systems, and a plethora and formulation aspects are covered in detail. This review also summarizes the in vitro technique and in vivo studies to evaluate the performance and application of floating systems and applications of these systems. These systems are useful to several plights encountered during the amelioration of a pharmaceutical dosage form.
Keywords: FDDS: Floating Drug Delivery System, ND: Narrowing down, PD: Pharmaceutical dosage
Protective effects of some Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) grade food preservatives against experimentally induced renal dysfunction
Authors: Dassarma Barsha , Samanta Saptadip , Nandi Dilip K , Gangopadhyay Somnath 
Published: September 2024

Drug induced nephrotoxicity is the current concern of research due to its awful worldwide occurrences. Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) grade food preservatives e.g. butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), L-ascorbic acid (Vit.C) and gamma-tocopherol (Vit. E) exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties against severe oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of food preservatives on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced (230 mg/ kg b wt/ rat/day) nephritic damage in rats. Nephritic markers like serum urea, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine; antioxidant markers such as GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, and lipid peroxidation end product, MDA were measured to establish anti-oxidant properties of said food preservatives and vitamins. The results had shown an elevated level of serum urea (387.30%), blood urea nitrogen (376%), serum creatinine (646.82%) and marked decreased activity of antioxidant markers like SOD (81.03%), CAT (72.24%), GSH (63.04%), GPx (50.34%) as well. CCl4 induced nephrotoxicity also caused 48.14% and 59.47% increase in sodium and potassium concentration. Histological studies also confirmed that antioxidant status in renal cells was restored as BHA, BHT, L-ascorbic acid, and gamma-tocopherol successfully ameliorated certain degenerative changes caused due to CCl4 intoxication. Therefore, it can be concluded that supplementation of certain food preservatives like BHA, BHT and like Vitamins L-ascorbic acid, gamma-tocopherol may be potentially beneficial to the community affected by severe renal dysfunction.
Keywords: butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, L-ascorbic acid, gamma-tocopherol, CCl4 intoxication.
Synthesis, Characterization and Drug delivery of Verapamil Hydrochloride loaded Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Beads
Authors: Mallikarjuna B. , Sreekanth Reddy O. , Pallavi K , Subha M.C.S , Madhavi N. 
Published: September 2024

In the present research programme, Verapamil Hydrochloride loaded Sodium Alginate/Polyethylene oxide/Montmorillonite nanocomposite beads were prepared by using gelation method. Sodium alginate (SA) and Poly ethylene oxide (PEO) with different ratios were blended with different weight ratios of MMT solution. The nanocomposite beads were characterized Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (X-RD). FTIR was used to understand the hydrogen bonding between SA, PEO, MMT and drug. The X-RD studies were performed to understand the crystalline nature of drug after encapsulation into the beads. SEM was used to study the surface morphology of nanocomposite beads. In vitro studies were carried out in buffer media by using UV-vis spectroscopy(λmax-263nm) at pH 7.4. The Controlled drug release studies were observed upto 12hrs.
Keywords: Sodium Alginate (SA), Poly ethylene oxide (PEO), Montmorillonite (MMT), Verapamil Hydrochloride (VPHCl), Nanocomposite beads and Drug Delivery