bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale network functional interactions during distraction and reappraisal in remitted bipolar and unipolar patients
Authors: Lois Giannis , Gerchen Martin F , Kirsch Peter , Kanske Philipp , Schönfelder Sandra , Wessa Michèle 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesThe human brain is organized into large‐scale networks that dynamically interact with each other. Extensive evidence has shown characteristic changes in certain large‐scale networks during transitions from internally directed to externally directed attention. The aim of the present study was to compare these context‐dependent network interactions during emotion regulation and to examine potential alterations in remitted unipolar and bipolar disorder patients.MethodsWe employed a multi‐region generalized psychophysiological interactions analysis to quantify connectivity changes during distraction vs reappraisal pair‐wise across 90 regions placed throughout the four networks of interest (default‐mode, frontoparietal, salience, and dorsal attention networks). Using network contingency analysis and permutation testing, we estimated the likelihood that the number of significant condition‐dependent connectivity changes in every pair of networks exceeds the number expected by chance. We first examined the pattern of functional connectivity in 42 healthy subjects (sample I) and then compared these connectivity patterns across healthy individuals (n=23) and remitted bipolar (n=21) and unipolar disorder patients (n=21) in an independent sample II.ResultsIn sample I, distraction compared to reappraisal was characterized by reduced connectivity within the default‐mode network and between the default‐mode and two cognitive control networks and increased connectivity among the cognitive control networks. In sample II, both patient groups exhibited abnormally increased default‐mode intra‐ and inter‐network connectivity during distraction compared to reappraisal.ConclusionsThe present study highlights the role of large‐scale network interactions in emotion regulation and provides preliminary evidence of default‐mode inter‐ and intra‐network connectivity impairments in remitted bipolar and unipolar patients during emotion regulation.
Modeling the Causal Effect of Treatment Initiation Time on Survival: Application to HIV/TB Co-infection
Authors: Hu Liangyuan , Hogan Joseph W. , Mwangi Ann W. , Siika Abraham 
Published: September 2017

Summary
The timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infected patients needs to be considered carefully. CD4 cell count can be used to guide decision making about when to initiate ART. Evidence from recent randomized trials and observational studies generally supports early initiation but does not provide information about effects of initiation time on a continuous scale. In this article, we develop and apply a highly flexible structural proportional hazards model for characterizing the effect of treatment initiation time on a survival distribution. The model can be fitted using a weighted partial likelihood score function. Construction of both the score function and the weights must accommodate censoring of the treatment initiation time, the outcome, or both. The methods are applied to data on 4903 individuals with HIV/TB co-infection, derived from electronic health records in a large HIV care program in Kenya. We use a model formulation that flexibly captures the joint effects of ART initiation time and ART duration using natural cubic splines. The model is used to generate survival curves corresponding to specific treatment initiation times; and to identify optimal times for ART initiation for subgroups defined by CD4 count at time of TB diagnosis. Our findings potentially provide ‘higher resolution’ information about the relationship between ART timing and mortality, and about the differential effect of ART timing within CD4 subgroups.
Requisite role of vasohibin‐2 in spontaneous gastric cancer formation and accumulation of cancer‐associated fibroblasts
Authors: Suzuki Yasuhiro , Kitahara Shuji , Suematsu Takuya , Oshima Masanobu , Sato Yasufumi 
Published: September 2017

The vasohibin (VASH) family consists of two genes, VASH1 and VASH2. VASH1 is mainly expressed in vascular endothelial cells and suppresses angiogenesis in an autocrine manner, whereas VASH2 is mainly expressed in cancer cells and exhibits pro‐angiogenic activity. Employing adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutant mice, we recently reported on the role of Vash2 in the spontaneous formation of intestinal tumors. In this study, we used K19‐Wnt1/C2mE (Gan) mice and examined the role of Vash2 in spontaneous gastric cancer formation. Gan mice spontaneously develop gastric tumors by activation of Wnt and prostaglandin E2 signaling pathways in gastric mucosa after 30 weeks of age. Expression of Vash2 mRNA was significantly increased in gastric tumor tissues compared with normal stomach tissues. When Gan mice were crossed with the Vash2‐deficient (Vash2LacZ/LacZ) strain, gastric cancer formation was significantly suppressed in Vash2LacZ/LacZ Gan mice. Normal composition of gastric mucosa was partially maintained in Vash2LacZ/LacZ Gan mice. Knockout of Vash2 caused minimal reduction of tumor angiogenesis but a significant decrease in cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAF) in tumor stroma. DNA microarray analysis and real‐time RT‐PCR showed that mRNA levels of epiregulin (Ereg) and interleukin‐11 (Il11) were significantly downregulated in gastric tumors of Vash2LacZ/LacZ Gan mice. Furthermore, conditioned medium of gastric cancer cells stimulated migration of and α‐smooth muscle actin expression in fibroblasts, whereas conditioned medium of VASH2 knockdown cells attenuated these effects in vitro. These results suggest that VASH2 plays an important role in gastric tumor progression via the accumulation of CAF accompanying upregulation of EREG and IL‐11 expression.
Multigenerational Effects on Children's Cognitive and Socioemotional Outcomes: A Within‐Child Investigation
Authors: Tanskanen Antti O. , Danielsbacka Mirkka 
Published: September 2017

Associations between grandparental investment and child outcomes were investigated using three waves of a longitudinal British Millennium Cohort Study that included children between the ages of 9 months and 5 years (n = 24,614 person‐observations from 13,744 children). Grandparental investment was measured by parent–grandparent contact frequency and grandparental financial support. Child cognitive development was measured using the British Ability Scale and socioemotional outcomes using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Grandparental investment was associated with improved cognitive and socioemotional outcomes among children. However, these associations occurred because of between‐person effects and did not exist in within‐person analyses that compared the same children over time. The results are discussed in terms of their contribution to multigenerational relationships research.
Alterations in circulating lymphoid cell populations in systemic small vessel vasculitis are non-specific manifestations of renal injury
Authors: Fazekas B , Moreno-Olivera A , Kelly Y , O'Hara P , Murray S , Kennedy A , Conlon N , Scott J , Melo A M , Hickey F B , Dooley D , O'Brien E C , Moran S , Doherty D G , Little M A 
Published: September 2017

Summary
Innate lymphocyte populations, such as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), γδ T cells, invariant natural killer T (iNK T) cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are emerging as important effectors of innate immunity and are involved in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the frequencies and absolute numbers of innate lymphocytes as well as conventional lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood from a cohort of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients. Thirty-eight AAV patients and 24 healthy and disease controls were included in the study. Patients with AAV were sampled both with and without immunosuppressive treatment, and in the setting of both active disease and remission. The frequencies of MAIT and ILC2 cells were significantly lower in patients with AAV and in the disease control group compared to healthy controls. These reductions in the AAV patients remained during remission. B cell count and frequencies were significantly lower in AAV in remission compared to patients with active disease and disease controls. Despite the strong T helper type 2 (Th) preponderance of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, we did not observe increased ILC2 frequency in this cohort of patients. The frequencies of other cell types were similar in all groups studied. Reductions in circulating ILC2 and MAIT cells reported previously in patients with AAV are not specific for AAV, but are more likely to be due to non-specific manifestations of renal impairment and chronic illness. Reduction in B cell numbers in AAV patients experiencing remission is probably therapy-related.
Developmental Differences Between Children and Adults in the Use of Visual Cues for Segmentation
Authors: Lavi‐Rotbain Ori , Arnon Inbal 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecent work asked if visual cues facilitate word segmentation in adults and infants (Thiessen, 2010). While adults showed better word segmentation when presented with a regular visual cue (consistent mapping between words and objects), infants did not. This difference was attributed to infants' lack of understanding that objects have labels. Alternatively, infants’ performance could reflect their difficulty with tracking and integrating multiple multimodal cues. We contrasted these two accounts by looking at the effect of visual cues on word segmentation in adults and across childhood (6–12 years). We found that older children (Mage 10;7) benefitted from the regular visual cues, but younger children (Mage 7;10), who already knew that objects have labels, did not. Knowing that objects have labels was not enough to use visual cues as an aid for segmentation. These findings show that the ability to integrate multimodal cues develops during childhood, and it is not yet adult‐like in children.
Both Earlier Times and the Future Are “Front”: The Distinction Between Time‐ and Ego‐Reference‐Points in Mandarin Speakers’ Temporal Representation
Authors: Xiao Chengli , Zhao Mengya , Chen Lei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMandarin speakers, like most other language speakers around the world, use spatial terms to talk about time. However, the direction of their mental temporal representation along the front‐back axis remains controversial because they use the spatial term “front” to refer to both earlier times (e.g., front‐year means “the year before last”) and the future (e.g., front‐road means “prospect”). Although the linguistic distinction between time‐ and ego‐reference‐point spatiotemporal metaphors in Mandarin suggests a promising clarification of the above controversy, there is little empirical evidence verifying this distinction. In this study, Mandarin speakers’ time‐ and ego‐reference‐point temporal representations on three axes (i.e., sagittal, lateral, and vertical) were separately examined through two tasks. In a time‐reference‐point task, Mandarin speakers judged whether the time point of the second picture was earlier or later than the time point of the first picture, while in an ego‐reference‐point task, they judged whether an event or phase had happened in the past or would happen in the future. The results indicate that Mandarin speakers construe an earlier‐times‐in‐front‐of‐later‐times temporal sequence and adopt the front‐to‐the‐future orientation.
Nontraditional sites for vascular anastomoses to enable kidney transplantation in patients with major systemic venous thromboses
Authors: Lonze Bonnie E. , Dagher Nabil N. , Alachkar Nada , Jackson Annette M. , Montgomery Robert A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSuccessful renal transplantation requires low‐pressure venous drainage to permit adequate outflow from the allograft. We report here a series of three patients in whom the inferior vena cava as well as bilateral iliac veins were thrombosed, making it necessary to explore less traditional vessels for venous drainage of the renal allograft. We utilized the splanchnic vasculature in two cases and the native left renal vein in another. The resulting atypical intra‐abdominal locations of these allografts also presented difficulties for arterial anastomoses and for urinary drainage. Arterial conduits were utilized in two cases to facilitate anastomosis to the common iliac artery or the aorta, and in the third case, the splenic artery was used for arterial inflow. A traditional ureterocystostomy was technically feasible for only one patient. In another, ureteroureterostomy to the native ureter was performed, and in the third case, the creation of an ileal conduit was necessary. All three patients had antibodies to human leukocyte antigens and two required desensitization. All three kidneys had immediate graft function and continued to function at 1 year post‐transplant. With a combination of planning, creativity, and persistence, patients with IVC thrombosis can enjoy the benefits of renal transplantation.
Artificial daily fluctuations of river discharge affect the larval drift and survival of a tropical amphidromous goby
Authors: Lagarde Raphaël , Teichert Nils , Faivre Laëtitia , Grondin Henri , Magalon Hélène , Pirog Agathe , Valade Pierre , Ponton Dominique 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAmphidromous fish species reproduce in rivers, and their larvae immediately drift to the sea after hatching. Most of these larvae survive in freshwater for a few days only, rapidly reaching sea water is thus essential. Being of small size, especially among species of the Sicydiinae subfamily, the larvae possess poor swimming abilities; their drift dynamics is considered to be mainly passive and influenced by flow conditions. The influence of daily fluctuations in flow regime on Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Sicydiinae) larval drift patterns was studied using drift nets at three sites along the dammed Langevin River in Reunion Island. The river flow was stable at the upstream site when frequent anthropogenic river flow fluctuations were observed at the two sites downstream to the dam. Weak diel larval drift dynamics were detected at the upstream site and the first site under anthropogenic river flow conditions. In contrast, larval drift dynamics at the most downstream site was strongly influenced by anthropogenic daily fluctuations of discharge: the abundance of drifting larvae increased with peaks of discharge, regardless of the time. As higher mortality rates of drifting larvae were observed during discharge peaks, the benefit of a more rapid travel to the ocean associated with these peaks should be lower than expected. It is concluded that peaks of discharge increase the number of larvae drifting to the sea probably due to higher physical constraints on the egg clutches, but also decrease the chance of survival for larvae that may be nonfully developed.
A randomized, controlled study evaluating effects of amlodipine addition to chelators to reduce iron loading in patients with thalassemia major
Authors: Eghbali Aziz , Kazemi Hamideh , Taherahmadi Hassan , Ghandi Yazdan , Rafiei Mohammad , Bagheri Bahador 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimCardiomyopathy due to iron overload can be fatal in patients with thalassemia major. Calcium channel blockers seem to be effective to reduce iron loading. Our goal was to study effects of amlodipine addition to chelators on iron loading in patients with thalassemia major.MethodsThis randomized, controlled, and single‐center trial was performed on 56 patients with thalassemia major. Patients were randomized 1:1 to combined group (iron chelator plus amlodipine) or control group (iron chelator) for 1 year. Iron content was measured by magnetic resonance imaging; heart T2*, and liver T2*. Serum ferritin was also measured.ResultsAfter 12 months of treatment, myocardial T2* values had significant improvement in combined group (21.9 ± 8.0 ms to 24.5 ± 7.6 ms; P < .05); Difference between two groups was significant (P = .02). Combined treatment had no effect on hepatic T2* value (9.6 ± 2.8 ms to 9.5 ± 3.6 ms); difference between two groups was not significant (P = .2). In addition, a significant reduction was seen in serum ferritin levels in two groups. Mild gastrointestinal upset was the most common untoward effect.ConclusionAddition of amlodipine to iron chelators has beneficial effects for reduction of iron loading in patients with thalassemia major. This combination therapy seems safe.
High‐dose transdermal nicotine in Parkinson's disease patients: a randomized, open‐label, blinded‐endpoint evaluation phase 2 study
Authors: Villafane G. , Thiriez C. , Audureau E. , Straczek C. , Kerschen P. , Cormier‐Dequaire F. , Van Der Gucht A. , Gurruchaga J.‐M. , Quéré‐Carne M. , Evangelista E. , Paul M. , Defer G. , Damier P. , Remy P. , Itti E. , Fénelon G. 
Published: September 2017

Background and purposeStudies of the effects of nicotine on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) brought out discordant results. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high doses of transdermal nicotine on motor symptoms in PD.MethodsForty PD patients were randomly assigned to a treated and untreated arm in an open‐label study. Treated patients received increasing doses of nicotine to reach 90 mg/day by 11 weeks. This dosage was maintained for 28 weeks (W39) and then reduced over 6 weeks. Final evaluation was performed 6 weeks after washout. The main outcome measure was the OFF‐DOPA Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score measured on video recordings by raters blinded to the medication status of the patients.ResultsThere was no significant difference in OFF‐DOPA UPDRS motor scores between the nicotine‐treated and non‐treated groups, neither at W39 (19.4 ± 9.3 vs. 21.5 ± 14.2) nor considering W39 differences from baseline (−1.5 ± 12.1 vs. +0.9 ± 12.1). The 39‐item Parkinson's disease questionnaire scores decreased in nicotine‐treated patients and increased in non‐treated patients, but the difference was not significant. Overall tolerability was acceptable, and 12/20 treated patients reached the maximal dosage.ConclusionsHigh doses of transdermal nicotine were tolerated, but our study failed to demonstrate significant improvement in UPDRS motor scores. Improvement in unblinded secondary outcomes (UPDRS‐II, UPDRS‐IV, doses of l‐DOPA equivalents) suggest a possible benefit for patients treated with nicotine, which should be confirmed in larger double blind, placebo‐controlled studies.
Does the intestinal microenvironment have an impact on the choleretic effect of inchinkoto, a hepatoprotective herbal medicine?
Authors: Uji Masahito , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Asahara Takashi , Ebata Tomoki , Igami Tsuyoshi , Mizuno Takashi , Yamaguchi Junpei , Nagino Masato 
Published: September 2017

AimThe choleretic effects of inchinkoto (ICKT), a hepatoprotective herbal medicine, are variable among patients. This study sought to investigate the correlation between the choleretic effects of ICKT and the intestinal microenvironment in patients with biliary obstruction.MethodsPatients with biliary obstruction who underwent external biliary drainage were enrolled. The concentrations of total bilirubin and bile acid in the bile, and genipin, a major active ingredient of ICKT, in the bloodstream before and after ICKT treatment were measured. Feces were collected from the patients to determine bacterial count and organic acid concentrations.ResultsSamples from 37 patients were collected and analyzed. The serum concentration of genipin increased 3 h after ICKT treatment and showed a positive correlation with the percent changes of biliary concentrations of bile acid, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin. Serum genipin concentration also showed a positive correlation with the fecal concentrations of representative obligate anaerobes such as the Clostridium leptum subgroup, Bacteroides fragilis group, Bifidobacterium, and the Atopobium cluster. In sharp contrast, so‐called harmful bacteria such as Clostridium difficile, Enterobacteriaceae, and Enterococcus showed a negative correlation with the concentration of genipin. Genipin concentration after ICKT administration showed a positive correlation with the fecal concentration of short chain fatty acids such as propionic acid and butyric acid, and a negative correlation with the fecal concentration of lactic acid.ConclusionsThe absorption of genipin was variable among patients. This variability may be associated with the fecal microenvironment profile and partly explain the variable choleretic effects of ICKT among patients.
Did boninite originate from the heterogeneous mantle with recycled ancient slab?
Authors: Umino Susumu , Kanayama Kyoko , Kitamura Keitaro , Tamura Akihiro , Ishizuka Osamu , Senda Ryoko , Arai Shoji 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBoninites are widely distributed along the western margin of the Pacific Plate extruded during the incipient stage of the subduction zone development in the early Paleogene period. This paper discusses the genetic relationships of boninite and antecedent protoarc basalt magmas and demonstrates their recycled ancient slab origin based on the T–P conditions and Pb–Hf–Nd–Os isotopic modeling. Primitive melt inclusions in chrome spinel from Ogasawara and Guam islands show severely depleted high‐SiO2, MgO (high‐silica) and less depleted low‐SiO2, MgO (low‐silica and ultralow‐silica) boninitic compositions. The genetic conditions of 1 346 °C at 0.58 GPa and 1 292 °C at 0.69 GPa for the low‐ and ultralow‐silica boninite magmas lie on adiabatic melting paths of depleted mid‐ocean ridge basalt mantle with a potential temperature of 1 430 °C in Ogasawara and of 1 370 °C in Guam, respectively. This is consistent with the model that the low‐ and ultralow‐silica boninites were produced by remelting of the residue of the protoarc basalt during the forearc spreading immediately following the subduction initiation. In contrast, the genetic conditions of 1 428 °C and 0.96 GPa for the high‐silica boninite magma is reconciled with the ascent of more depleted harzburgitic source which pre‐existed below the Izu–Ogasawara–Mariana forearc region before the subduction started. Mixing calculations based on the Pb–Nd–Hf isotopic data for the Mariana protoarc basalt and boninites support the above remelting model for the (ultra)low‐silica boninite and the discrete harzburgite source for the high‐silica boninite. Yb–Os isotopic modeling of the high‐Si boninite source indicates 18–30 wt% melting of the primitive upper mantle at 1.5–1.7 Ga, whereas the source mantle of the protoarc basalt, the residue of which became the source of the (ultra)low‐Si boninite, experienced only 3.5–4.0 wt% melt depletion at 3.6–3.1 Ga, much earlier than the average depleted mid‐ocean ridge basalt mantle with similar degrees of melt depletion at 2.6–2.2 Ga.