bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses, Crystal Structure, Luminescence, Porosity and Magnetic Properties of Three‐Dimensional Lanthanide Coordination Polymers with 2‐Aminoterepthalic Acid
Authors: Kariem Mukaddus , Yawer Mohd , Sharma Swati , Sheikh Haq N. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTen isomorphous coordination polymers (CPs) with the formula [Ln2(ATPA)3(DEF)2]n Ln=Ce (1), Pr(2), Nd (3), Eu (5), Gd (6) and [Ln(ATPA)1.5(DEF)]n Ln=Sm (4), Tb (7), Dy (8), Ho (9) and Y(10) (H2ATPA=2‐aminoterepthalic acid and DEF=diethyl formamide) have been synthesized by the self assembly of Ln(III) ions, 2‐aminoterepthalate and DEF under solvothermal condition. These polymers have been systematically characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, FTIR, PXRD, thermogravimetric (TGA) and elemental analyses. Structure analyses of CPs 1–10 reveal that all CPs crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c system and form 3D framework with difference in coordination numbers. The CPs 1 & 2 exhibit eight coordination numbers whereas CPs 3–10 show seven coordination number with different geometries. TGA indicate thermal stability and robustness of the synthesized CPs. The Sm (4), Eu (5), Tb (7) and Dy (8) polymers emit strong ligand sensitized characteristic f‐f luminescence. Analyses of magnetic susceptibility data of CPs 4, 6, 7 & 8 at variable temperatures and applied magnetic fields reveal weak ferromagnetic interactions at low temperatures.
Biodegradable Dendronized Polymers for Efficient mRNA Delivery
Authors: Oldenhuis Nathan J. , Eldredge Alexander C. , Burts Alan O. , Ryu Keun Ah , Chung Jae , Johnson Mark E. , Guan Zhibin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAs chemically modified messenger RNAs become less immunogenic and more stable against RNases, the need for synthetic vectors that can efficiently deliver mRNA into cells has increased significantly. Based on a dendronized polypeptide (denpol) architecture, we describe here the development of a synthetic vector system for efficient delivery of mRNAs. The optimized denpols show high efficiency of mRNA delivery to a variety of cells including primary murine dendritic cells (BMDCs), giving it potential use for anti‐tumor immunotherapy.
Intracellular Transport Studies of Picolinate Macrocyclic Copper and Lanthanide Complexes
Authors: Porqueras Diego Santo Domingo , Beyler Maryline , Tripier Raphaël , Salerno Milena 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn vivo molecular imaging involves different techniques to image cellular biochemical processes. Metal complexes can be used as cell‐permeable medical imaging agents. In this work we studied the cytotoxicity and the cellular incorporation kinetics of two recently synthesized picolinate macrocyclic complexes, [Eu(do2pa)]+ and [Cu(te1pa)]+. Both complexes are able to enter inside the cells. The intracellular concentration (Ci) of [Eu(do2pa)]+ is ∼5 times the extracellular concentration (Ce). In the case of [Cu(te1pa)]+, the ratio Ci/Ce is approximately 1.4. Furthermore, the results suggest that these complexes are not substrates of P‐gp, an efflux transport protein involved in the mechanisms of multidrug resistance in cancer cells and in the low permeability of blood‐brain barrier. The results obtained here, added to their physicochemical properties, let us propose that the complexes studied could be suitable platforms for the synthesis of cell‐permeable MRI contrast agents or PET tracers.
The Impact of the ‘Austrian’ Mutation of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Transmembrane Helix is Communicated to the Hinge Region
Authors: Stelzer Walter , Scharnagl Christina , Leurs Ulrike , Rand Kasper D. , Langosch Dieter 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe transmembrane helix of the amyloid precursor protein is subject to proteolytic cleavages by γ‐secretase at different sites resulting in Aβ peptides of different length and toxicity. A number of point mutations within this transmembrane helix alter the cleavage pattern thus enhancing production of toxic Aβ peptide species that are at the root of familial Alzheimer's disease. Here, we investigated how one of the most devastating mutations, the ‘Austrian’ mutation T43I, affects this transmembrane helix. Site‐resolved deuterium/hydrogen amide exchange experiments reveal that the mutation destabilizes amide hydrogen bonds in the hinge which connects dimerization and cleavage regions. Weaker intrahelical hydrogen bonds at the hinge may enhance helix bending and thereby affect recognition of the transmembrane substrate by the enzyme and/or presentation of its cleavage sites to the catalytic cleft.
A computational methodology to calculate the required power in disc crushers
Authors: Zuñiga J.M. , Mantari J.L. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This study aims to contribute to the estimation of power consumption in a disintegration process in disc crushers (fixed and mobile). The study covers the dynamic analysis of forces acting on the particles and the mobile disc. A detailed analysis of the resultant force on the particles was performed. Finally, the consumed power is calculated with the forces acting on the mobile disc. The calculated power is a key aspect in the design of disc crusher machines.
Highlights Estimation of power consumption in a disintegration process in disc crushers. Dynamic analysis of forces acting on the particles and the disc crusher. Detailed analysis of the resultant force on the particles was performed. The consumed power is calculated with the forces acting on the mobile disc. The calculated power is a key aspect in the design of disc crusher machines.
Independent Component Analysis of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pedophiles
Authors: Cantor J.M. , Lafaille S.J. , Hannah J. , Kucyi A. , Soh D.W. , Girard T.A. , Mikulis D.J. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Neuroimaging and other studies have changed the common view that pedophilia is a result of childhood sexual abuse and instead is a neurologic phenomenon with prenatal origins. Previous research has identified differences in the structural connectivity of the brain in pedophilia.

Aim
To identify analogous differences in functional connectivity.

Methods
Functional magnetic resonance images were recorded from three groups of participants while they were at rest: pedophilic men with a history of sexual offenses against children (n = 37) and two control groups: non-pedophilic men who committed non-sexual offenses (n = 28) and non-pedophilic men with no criminal history (n = 39).

Main Outcome Measure
Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were subjected to independent component analysis to identify known functional networks of the brain, and groups were compared to identify differences in connectivity with those networks (or “components”).

Results
The pedophilic group demonstrated wide-ranging increases in functional connectivity with the default mode network compared with controls and regional differences (increases and decreases) with the frontoparietal network. Of these brain regions (total = 23), 20 have been identified by meta-analytic studies to respond to sexually relevant stimuli. Conversely, of the brain areas known to be those that respond to sexual stimuli, nearly all emerged in the present data as significantly different in pedophiles.

Conclusion
This study confirms the presence of significant differences in the functional connectivity of the brain in pedophilia consistent with previously reported differences in structural connectivity. The connectivity differences detected here and elsewhere are opposite in direction from those associated with anti-sociality, arguing against anti-sociality and for pedophilia as the source of the neuroanatomic differences detected.
The Impact of Midurethral Sling Surgery on Sexual Activity and Function in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Mengerink Bianca B. , Van Leijsen Sanne A.L. , Vierhout Mark E. , Inthout Joanna , Mol Ben W.J. , Milani Alfredo L. , Roovers Jan-Paul W.R. , Van Eijndhoven Hugo W.F. , Van Der Vaart Carl H. , Van Gestel Iris , Hartog Francis E. , Heesakkers John F.A. , Kluivers Kirsten B. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Stress urinary incontinence has a negative impact on sexual function.

Aim
To assess the effect of midurethral sling surgery on sexual activity and function in women with stress urinary incontinence.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of the Value of Urodynamics Prior to Stress Incontinence Surgery (VUSIS-II) study, which assessed the value of urodynamics in women with (predominantly) stress urinary incontinence. Patients who underwent retropubic or transobturator sling surgery were included in the present study if information was available on sexual activity before and 12 months after surgery. Data were collected from a self-report validated questionnaire combined with non-validated questions. The association between midurethral sling surgery and sexual function (coital incontinence, satisfaction, and dyspareunia) was compared with McNemar χ2 tests for nominal data and paired t-tests for ordinal data. Potentially influential factors were analyzed with univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Main Outcome Measures
Changes in sexual activity and sexual function after midurethral sling surgery.

Results
Information on sexual activity was available in 293 of the 578 women (51%) included in the VUSIS-II study. At baseline, 252 of 293 patients (86%) were sexually active vs 244 of 293 (83%) after 12 months. More patients with cured stress urinary incontinence were sexually active postoperatively (213 of 247 [86%] vs 31 of 46 [67%], P &lt; .01). There was a significant decrease in coital incontinence (120 of 236 [51%] preoperatively vs 16 of 236 [7%] postoperatively, P &lt; .01). De novo dyspareunia was present in 21 of 238 women (9%). There was a greater improvement in coital incontinence after placement of the retropubic sling compared with the transobturator sling (odds ratio = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.10–3.80, P = .02).

Conclusion
These data show that midurethral sling surgery has an overall positive influence on sexual function in women with stress urinary incontinence. The retropubic sling is more effective than the transobturator sling for improvement of coital incontinence. De novo dyspareunia was present in 1 of 11 women.
Distinct subpopulations of hepatitis C virus infectious cells with different levels of intracellular hepatitis C virus core protein
Authors: Wang Shu‐Chi , Yang Jeng‐Fu , Wang Chao‐Ling , Huang Chung‐Feng , Lin Yu‐Yin , Chen Yi‐You , Lo Chung‐Ting , Lee Po‐Yen , Wu Kuan‐Ta , Lin Chia‐I. , Hsieh Meng‐Hsuan , Chuang Hung‐Yi , Ho Chi‐Kung , Yu Ming‐Lung , Dai Chia‐Yen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractChronic infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the clear clinical importance of virus‐associated HCC, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unclarified. Oxidative stress, in particular, DNA lesions associated with oxidative damage, plays a major role in carcinogenesis, and is strongly linked to the development of many cancers, including HCC. However, in identifying hepatocytes with HCV viral RNA, estimates of the median proportion of HCV‐infected hepatocytes have been found as high as 40% in patients with chronic HCV infection. In order to explore the gene alternation and association between different viral loads of HCV‐infected cells, we established a method to dissect high and low viral load cells and examined the expression of DNA damage‐related genes using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction array. We found distinct expression patterns of DNA damage‐related genes between high and low viral load cells. This study provides a new method for future study on virus‐associated gene expression research.
Weakly nonlinear analysis of thermoacoustic instabilities in annular combustors
Authors: Ghirardo G. , Juniper M. P. , Moeck J. P. 
Published: September 2016

Rotationally symmetric annular combustors are of practical importance because they generically resemble combustion chambers in gas turbines, in which thermoacoustically driven oscillations are a major concern. We focus on azimuthal thermoacoustic oscillations and model the fluctuating heat release rate as being dependent only on the local pressure in the combustion chamber. We study the dynamics of the annular combustor with a finite number of compact flames equispaced around the annulus, and characterize the flames’ response with a describing function. We discuss the existence, amplitude and the stability of standing and spinning waves, as a function of: (i) the number of the burners; (ii) the acoustic damping in the chamber; (iii) the flame response. We present the implications for industrial applications and the future direction of investigations. We then present as an example the first theoretical study of thermoacoustic triggering in annular combustors, which shows that rotationally symmetric annular chambers that are thermoacoustically unstable do not experience only stable spinning solutions, but can also experience stable standing solutions. We finally test the theory on one experiment with good agreement.
Higher-order flow modes in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Xi Heng-Dong , Zhang Yi-Bao , Hao Jian-Tao , Xia Ke-Qing 
Published: September 2016

We present experimental studies of higher-order modes of the flow in turbulent thermal convection in cells of aspect ratio ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$) 1 and 0.5. The working fluid is water with the Prandtl number ($Pr$) kept at around 5.0. The Rayleigh number ($Ra$) ranges from $9\times 10^{8}$ to $6\times 10^{9}$ for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}=1$ and from $1.6\times 10^{10}$ to $7.2\times 10^{10}$ for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}=0.5$. We found that in $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}=1$ cells, the first mode, which corresponds to the large-scale circulation (LSC), dominates the flow. The second mode (quadrupole mode), the third mode (sextupole mode) and the fourth mode (octupole mode) are very weak, on average these higher-order modes each contains less than 4 % of the total flow energy. In $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}=0.5$ cells, the first mode is still the strongest but less dominant, the second mode becomes stronger which contains 13.7 % of the total flow energy and the third and the fourth modes are also stronger (containing 6.5 % and 1.1 % of the total flow energy respectively). It is found that during a reversal/cessation, the amplitude of the second mode and the remaining modes experiences a rapid increase followed by a decrease, which is opposite to the behaviour of the amplitude of the first mode – it decreases to almost zero then rebounds. In addition, it is found that during the cessation (reversal) of the LSC, the second mode dominates, containing 51.3 % (50.1 %) of the total flow energy, which reveals that the commonly called cessation event is not the cessation of the entire flow but only the cessation of the first mode (LSC). The experiment reveals that the second mode and the remaining higher-order modes play important roles in the dynamical process of the reversal/cessation of the LSC. We also show direct evidence that the first mode is more efficient for heat transfer. Furthermore, our study reveals that, during the cessation/reversal of the LSC, $Nu$ drops to its local minimum and the minimum of $Nu$ is ahead of the minimum of the amplitude of the LSC; and reversals can be distinguished from cessations in terms of global heat transport. A direct velocity measurement reveals the flow structure of the first- and higher-order modes.
The Institutional Influence on the Location Strategies of Multinational Enterprises from Emerging Economies: Evidence from China's Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Buckley Peter J. , Yu Pei , Liu Qing , Munjal Surender , Tao Pan 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the institutional influence on the location strategies of Chinese cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) during the period 1985–2011 across 150 economies using Heckman's two-stage model. The results suggest that Chinese Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) are ‘shortsighted’ and show perverse behaviour towards host country risk when deciding on the location of host country and volume of investment undertaken through M&As, which may damage the firm's long-term profitability.
Climate, lactation, and treatment factors influence faecal shedding ofEscherichia coliO157 pathotypes in dairy cows
Authors: STENKAMP-STRAHM C. , McCONNEL C. , RAO S. , MAGNUSON R. , HYATT D. R. , LINKE L. 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYAmong pathogens shed by cattle,Escherichia coliO157 ranks highest in those causing human illness. To date, prevalence and risk factors for O157 shedding have been assessed in feedlot, but not dairy cattle. The study aimed to determine prevalence levels and risk factors for O157 atypical enteropathogenicE. coli(aEPEC) and enterohaemorrhagicE. coli(EHEC) shedding in dairy cattle. Dairy cattle (n= 899) within the first 21 days of lactation were sampled monthly over the course of 1 year, on three dry lot dairies surrounding Fort Collins, CO. During visits multiple factors were measured (disease history, pharmaceutical use, climate measures, etc.), and cattle faeces were collected and assessed for presence of O157 and virulence genes. Logistic regression analysis was performed using O157 outcomes and measured factors. Prevalence of O157 aEPEC was 3·7%, while EHEC was 3·0%. Many potential risk factors were highly correlated, and used to build separate multivariable models. An increase in humidity was positively associated with aEPEC, while fluid faeces and history of disease showed a negative association. Meanwhile, an increase in temperature and antibiotic treatment was positively associated with EHEC, while more days in milk, higher hygiene score and cow contact were negatively associated. These results may guide mitigation strategies that reduce O157 shedding, and contamination of the human food chain.
Giving Voice to Consciousness
Authors: FINS JOSEPH J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:In the 2015 David Kopf Lecture on Neuroethics of the Society for Neuroscience, Dr. Joseph Fins presents his work on neuroethics and disorders of consciousness through the experience of Maggie and Nancy Worthen, a young woman who sustained a severe brain injury and her mother who cared for her. The central protagonists in his book,Rights Come to Mind: Brain Injury, Ethics and the Struggle for Consciousness(Cambridge University Press, 2015), their experience is emblematic of the challenges faced by families touched by severe brain injury and the possibility for improved diagnosis and treatment offered by progress in neuroscience. By telling their story, and those of other families interviewed as part of the research forRights Come to Mind,Fins calls for improved care for this population arguing that this is both an access to care issue and a civil and disability rights issue worthy of greater societal attention.
The Effects of Closed-Loop Medical Devices on the Autonomy and Accountability of Persons and Systems
Authors: KELLMEYER PHILIPP , COCHRANE THOMAS , MÜLLER OLIVER , MITCHELL CHRISTINE , BALL TONIO , FINS JOSEPH J. , BILLER-ANDORNO NIKOLA 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:Closed-loop medical devices such as brain-computer interfaces are an emerging and rapidly advancing neurotechnology. The target patients for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are often severely paralyzed, and thus particularly vulnerable in terms of personal autonomy, decisionmaking capacity, and agency. Here we analyze the effects of closed-loop medical devices on the autonomy and accountability of both persons (as patients or research participants) and neurotechnological closed-loop medical systems. We show that although BCIs can strengthen patient autonomy by preserving or restoring communicative abilities and/or motor control, closed-loop devices may also create challenges for moral and legal accountability. We advocate the development of a comprehensive ethical and legal framework to address the challenges of emerging closed-loop neurotechnologies like BCIs and stress the centrality of informed consent and refusal as a means to foster accountability. We propose the creation of an international neuroethics task force with members from medical neuroscience, neuroengineering, computer science, medical law, and medical ethics, as well as representatives of patient advocacy groups and the public.
Culture, the Crack’d Mirror, and the Neuroethics of Disease
Authors: GILLETT GRANT 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:Human beings are sensorimotor coupled to the actual world and also attuned to the symbolic world of culture and the techniques of adaptation that culture provides. The self-image and self-shaping mediated by that mirror directly affects the neurocognitive structures that integrate human neural activity and reshape its processing capacities through top-down or autopoietic effects. Thus a crack’d mirror, which disrupts the processes of enactive self-configuration, can be disabling for an individual. That is exactly what happens in postcolonial or immigration contexts in which individuals’ cultural adaptations are marginalized and disconnected in diverse and often painful and disorienting ways. The crack’d mirror is therefore a powerful trope for neuroethics and helps us understand the social and moral pathologies of many indigenous and immigrant communities.
Patient Requests for Off-Label Bioprediction of Dementia
Authors: BAUM MATTHEW L. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:In 2012, the FDA approved for the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease a brain-imaging technology, Amyvid-PET (aka florbetapir-PET), capable of non-invasively estimating the burden of amyloid plaques; this approval for one indication renders the technology a candidate for off-label use for another indication according to a physician’s judgment. What should a physician do if an educated, pro-active, and concerned patient requests off-label use of Amyvid-PET to help her estimate the likelihood that her mild memory complaints are “just normal aging” or are likely to profoundly worsen? I consider reasons that a physician might justify denial of such a request, including concerns of safety, uncertain benefit, and fair resource allocation, but cautiously conclude that there may be certain cases where off-label bioprediction would be permissible.
Assessing Decision-Making Capacity in Patients with Communication Impairments
Authors: CAIRNCROSS MOLLY , PETERSON ANDREW , LAZOSKY ANDREA , GOFTON TENEILLE , WEIJER CHARLES 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:The ethical principle of autonomy requires physicians to respect patient autonomy when present, and to protect the patient who lacks autonomy. Fulfilling this ethical obligation when a patient has a communication impairment presents considerable challenges. Standard methods for evaluating decision-making capacity require a semistructured interview. Some patients with communication impairments are unable to engage in a semistructured interview and are at risk of the wrongful loss of autonomy. In this article, we present a general strategy for assessing decision-making capacity in patients with communication impairments. We derive this strategy by reflecting on a particular case. The strategy involves three steps: (1) determining the reliability of communication, (2) widening the bandwidth of communication, and (3) using compensatory measures of decision-making capacity. We argue that this strategy may be useful for assessing decision-making capacity and preserving autonomy in some patients with communication impairments.