bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative assessment ofSNPand microsatellite markers for assigning parentage in a socially monogamous bird
Authors: Kaiser Sara A. , Taylor Scott A. , Chen Nancy , Sillett T. Scott , Bondra Eliana R. , Webster Michael S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSingle‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are preferred over microsatellite markers in many evolutionary studies, but have only recently been applied to studies of parentage. Evaluations ofSNPs and microsatellites for assigning parentage have mostly focused on special cases that require a relatively large number of heterozygous loci, such as species with low genetic diversity or with complex social structures. We developed 120SNPmarkers from a transcriptome assembled usingRNA‐sequencing of a songbird with the most common avian mating system—social monogamy. We compared the effectiveness of 97 novelSNPs and six previously described microsatellites for assigning paternity in the black‐throated blue warbler,Setophaga caerulescens. We show that the full panel of 97SNPs (meanHo = 0.19) was as powerful for assigning paternity as the panel of multiallelic microsatellites (meanHo = 0.86). Paternity assignments using the two marker types were in agreement for 92% of the offspring. Filtering individual samples by a 50% call rate andSNPs by a 75% call rate maximized the number of offspring assigned with 95% confidence usingSNPs. We also found that the 40 most heterozygousSNPs (meanHo = 0.37) had similar power to assign paternity as the full panel of 97SNPs. These findings demonstrate that a relatively small number of variableSNPs can be effective for parentage analyses in a socially monogamous species. We suggest that the development ofSNPmarkers is advantageous for studies that require high‐throughput genotyping or that plan to address a range of ecological and evolutionary questions.
Secondary preventive medication use in a prevalent population‐based cohort of acute coronary syndrome survivors
Authors: Gunnell Anthony S. , Hung Joseph , Knuiman Matthew W. , Nedkoff Lee , Gillies Malcolm , Geelhoed Elizabeth , Hobbs Michael S. T. , Katzenellenbogen Judith M. , Rankin Jamie M. , Ortiz Michael , Briffa Tom G. , Sanfilippo Frank M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAimDescribe the dispensing patterns for guideline‐recommended medications during 2008 in people with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and how dispensing varies by gender and time since last ACS hospitalization.MethodA descriptive cohort spanning 20 years of people alive post‐ACS in 2008. We extracted all ACS hospitalizations and deaths in Western Australia (1989–2008), and all person‐linked Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme claims nationally for 2008. Participants were 23 642 men and women (36.8%), alive and aged 65–89 years in mid‐2008 who were hospitalized for ACS between 1989 and 2008. Main outcome was the proportion of the study cohort (in 2008) dispensed guideline‐recommended cardiovascular medications in that year. Adjusted odds ratios estimating the association between type (and number) of guideline‐recommended medications and time since last ACS hospitalization.ResultsMedications most commonly dispensed in 2008 were statins (79.6% of study cohort) and then angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin‐receptor blockers (ACEi/ARBs) (71.1%), aspirin or clopidogrel (59.4%), and β‐blockers (54.6%). Only 51.8% of the cohort was dispensed three or more of these drug types in 2008. Women with ACS were 18% less likely to be dispensed statins (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=0.82; 95% CI 0.76–0.88). Overall, for each incremental year since last ACS admission, there was an 8% increased odds (adjusted OR=1.08; 95% CI 1.07–1.08) of being dispensed fewer of the recommended drug regimen in 2008.ConclusionLonger time since last ACS admission was associated with dispensing fewer medications types and combinations in 2008. Interventions are warranted to improve dispensing long term and any apparent gender inequality in the drug class filled.
Randomized Trial of Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Alcohol Use Disorders: Efficacy as a Virtual Stand‐Alone and Treatment Add‐On Compared with Standard Outpatient Treatment
Authors: Kiluk Brian D. , Devore Kathleen A. , Buck Matthew B. , Nich Charla , Frankforter Tami L. , LaPaglia Donna M. , Yates Brian T. , Gordon Melissa A. , Carroll Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence‐based treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUDs), yet is rarely implemented with high fidelity in clinical practice. Computer‐based delivery of CBT offers the potential to address dissemination challenges, but to date there have been no evaluations of a web‐based CBT program for alcohol use within a clinical sample.MethodsThis study randomized treatment‐seeking individuals with a current AUD to 1 of 3 treatments at a community outpatient facility: (i) standard treatment as usual (TAU); (ii) TAU plus on‐site access to a computerized CBT targeting alcohol use (TAU + CBT4CBT); or (iii) CBT4CBT plus brief weekly clinical monitoring (CBT4CBT + monitoring). Participant alcohol use was assessed weekly during an 8‐week treatment period, as well as 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment.ResultsSixty‐eight individuals (65% male; 54% African American) were randomized (TAU = 22; TAU + CBT4CBT = 22; CBT4CBT + monitoring = 24). There were significantly higher rates of treatment completion among participants assigned to 1 of the CBT4CBT conditions compared to TAU (Wald = 6.86, p < 0.01). Significant reductions in alcohol use were found across all conditions within treatment, with participants assigned to TAU + CBT4CBT demonstrating greater increases in percentage of days abstinent (PDA) compared to TAU, t(536.4) = 2.68, p < 0.01, d = 0.71, 95% CI (0.60, 3.91), for the full sample. Preliminary findings suggest the estimated costs of all self‐reported AUD‐related services utilized by participants were considerably lower for those assigned to CBT4CBT conditions compared to TAU, both within treatment and during follow‐up.ConclusionsThis trial demonstrated the safety, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of web‐based CBT4CBT targeting alcohol use. CBT4CBT was superior to TAU at increasing PDA when delivered as an add‐on, and it was not significantly different from TAU or TAU + CBT4CBT when delivered with clinical monitoring only.
High‐Intensity Drinking Among Young Adults in the United States: Prevalence, Frequency, and Developmental Change
Authors: Patrick Megan E. , Terry‐McElrath Yvonne M. , Kloska Deborah D. , Schulenberg John E. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThis study is the first to examine the developmental course of high‐intensity drinking (i.e., consuming 10+ drinks in a row) across late adolescence and the transition to adulthood.MethodsNational longitudinal data (N = 3,718) from Monitoring the Future were used to examine trajectories of 10+ high‐intensity drinking from age 18 through 25/26 overall and across sociodemographic subgroups; results were compared with similar analysis of 5+ binge drinking trajectories.ResultsResults document that 10+ drinkers consume not just a greater quantity of alcohol on a given drinking occasion, but also engage in 5+ drinking more frequently than drinkers who do not report having 10 or more drinks. Developmental patterns for 10+ and 5+ drinking were similar, with peak frequencies reported at age 21/22. Greater peaks in both 10+ and 5+ drinking were documented among men and among college attenders, compared with women and nonattenders, respectively. However, there was a steeper decline in 10+ drinking after age 21/22, indicating that risk for consumption of 10 or more drinks in a row is more clearly focused on the early 20s. Patterns of developmental change in both behaviors were driven largely by college students: No significant age‐related change in 10+ drinking was observed among men and women who did not go to college, and no significant age‐related change in 5+ drinking was observed among female nonattenders.ConclusionsFindings underscore the importance of recognizing high‐intensity drinkers as a unique high‐risk group, and that college attendance is associated with particularly strong peaks in the developmental course of high‐intensity drinking.
Protein feeding of Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni and cucumber fly Zeugodacus cucumis (Diptera: Tephritidae) on non‐host vegetation: effect of plant species and bait height
Authors: Senior Lara J , Wright Carole L , Missenden Brendan , DeFaveri Stefano 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPerimeter‐baiting of non‐crop vegetation using toxic protein baits was developed overseas as a technique for control of melon fly, Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett) (formerly Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae), and evidence suggests that this technique may also be effective in Australia for control of local fruit fly species in vegetable crops. Using field cage trials and laboratory reared flies, primary data were generated to support this approach by testing fruit flies' feeding response to protein when applied to eight plant species (forage sorghum, grain sorghum, sweet corn, sugarcane, eggplant, cassava, lilly pilly and orange jessamine) and applied at three heights (1, 1.5 and 2 m). When compared across the plants, Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), most commonly fed on protein bait applied to sugarcane and cassava, whereas more cucumber fly, Zeugodacus (Austrodacus) cucumis (French) (formerly Bactrocera (Austrodacus) cucumis), fed on bait applied to sweet corn and forage sorghum. When protein bait was applied at different heights, B. tryoni responded most to bait placed in the upper part of the plants (2 m), whereas Z. cucumis preferred bait placed lower on the plants (1 and 1.5 m). These results have implications for optimal placement of protein bait for best practice control of fruit flies in vegetable crops and suggest that the two species exhibit different foraging behaviours.
Scope or scalpel? A matched study of the treatment of large colorectal polyps
Authors: Church James , Erkan Arman 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundLarge colorectal polyps can be treated either endoscopically or by formal resection. The aim of this study was to clarify the relative advantages and disadvantages of surgical resection and colonoscopic snaring as means of treating large colorectal polyps.MethodsThis is a matched cohort study, comparing cases of surgical resection of benign colorectal polyps with endoscopic resection. Cases drawn from pathology and endoscopy databases were matched for the size and site of polyps, and the groups were compared for the end points of complications, length of hospital stay and completeness of the removal of the polyp.ResultsThere were 78 patients in each group, with mean ages of 65.6 years (colonoscopy) and 66.8 years (surgery). A total of 39 of the surgery group and 47 of the colonoscopy group were men. Mean polyp size was 34.1 mm (colonoscopy) and 32.1 mm (surgery). There was an exact match for polyp location. Complications occurred in eight colonoscopy patients (10.3%) and 42 surgery patients (56.0%) (P < 0.001, chi‐square). Length of hospital stay was 0 days for colonoscopy patients and 7.3 ± 4.7 days for surgery (P < 0.001). The surgery group was separated into laparoscopic (n = 35) and open (n = 43) surgery. There was no difference in complication rates (42.4 versus 53.5%, respectively) but laparoscopic had shorter length of stay (5.8 days ± 4.9 SD versus 8.4 days ± 4.3 SD). Recurrence of surgically resected polyps was zero; at last follow‐up 13% of snared polyps persisted.ConclusionAlthough resection is a more certain and absolute way of treating benign polyps, endoscopic polypectomy is preferable.
Clinical outcomes and safety of distal biceps repair using a modified entry point
Authors: Baba Mohammed , Leon Johanna Viktoria , Symes Michael , Dorrestijn Oscar , Young Allan , Cass Benjamin 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to determine the safety of a one‐incision technique for distal biceps repair with modified repair entry point in regards to the distance from the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN). Secondly, we present the clinical results of patients having undergone this procedure.MethodsTen cadaveric specimens were dissected to reveal the radial tuberosity. Two 1.6‐mm guidewires were inserted into the radial tuberosity, one centrally, and one 5‐mm more proximal. Both guidewires penetrated the dorsal cortex, and posterior dissection revealed their exit points. The distance from the PIN and each wire was determined using a vernier calliper. The functional outcomes of 10 patients’ post repair were reviewed. Performance was determined using strength and range of motion (ROM) measurements. Functional impairment was assessed using the disability of the arm, shoulder and hand outcome measure (DASH score). The uninjured side was used as a control.ResultsThe mean distance from the centre of the radial tuberosity to the PIN was 7.33 mm with a centrally placed wire, compared with 10.92 mm when measuring from the proximal guidewire (P < 0.05). Supination and flexion strengths were 83 and 90% of the uninjured side, respectively. There was a mean of 1.5° loss of flexion and 0° loss of extension. Loss of pronation and supination ROM were 0.5° and 4.5° on average, respectively. Average DASH score was 6.3.ConclusionWe recommend a 5‐mm more proximal entry point for insertion of the guidewire during distal biceps repair. This poses less risk to the PIN without significant functional impairment. Our outcomes are comparable with those reported in the literature.
Outcomes from an orientation model to reduce attrition in paediatric weight management
Authors: Zenlea I. S. , Milliren C. , Herel S. , Thomaseo Burton E. , Askins N. , Ludwig D. S. , Rhodes E. T. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryWe aimed to reduce attrition of newly referred patients in a paediatric weight management programme by implementing an orientation to address families’ expectations and screen for and support behavioural and mental health problems and psychosocial stressors at programme outset. Orientation impact was monitored with run charts with percentages of scheduled encounters completed. Long‐term impact was assessed by comparing patients in the initial 6 months of the orientation to a baseline group of referred patients during the same 6‐month time interval in the prior year (Pre‐Orientation Group). The outcome measure was programme attrition within 15 months. Groups were compared using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modelling. Patients in the Orientation Group had a 23% increased odds of attrition compared to patients in the Pre‐Orientation group (adjusted Hazard ratio, aHR 1.23; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.01, 1.51) and shorter median duration of follow‐up (2.0 vs. 2.9 months, P = 0.004). An increase in body mass index z‐score of 1 unit resulted in a nearly fivefold increased odds of attrition (aHR 5.24; 95% CI: 2.95, 9.3). An orientation for new patients did not reduce attrition within 15 months. We suggest that ongoing retention strategies should be embedded into the treatment phase of the programme.
Early dumping syndrome is not a complication but a desirable feature of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Laurenius A. , Engström M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryEarly dumping syndrome after gastric bypass surgery due to rapid delivery of hyperosmolar nutrients into the bowel causing intense symptoms is often described as a complication. Twelve patients, mean age 47 years, were interviewed approximately 9 years post‐operation. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim, followed by an inductive content analysis to reveal patients' experience of the dumping syndrome. The core category ‘Dumping syndrome is a positive consequence of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery and a tool to control food intake’ was identified based on the following four sub‐categories: (i) ‘The multidimensional emergence and effects of dumping syndrome’, (ii) ‘Dumping syndrome as something positive although unpleasant’, (iii) ‘Developing coping mechanisms and ingenious strategies’ and (iv) ‘My own fault if I expose myself to dumping syndrome’. From the patients' perspective, dumping syndrome gives control over food intake; although the symptoms were unpleasant, patients considered dumping syndrome as a positive protection against over‐consumption. Hence, healthcare professionals should not present dumping syndrome as a complication but rather as an aid to control eating behaviour and excessive food intake.
Trans‐oral fine needle aspiration cytology in cervical (C1 and C2) vertebral lesions: a novel diagnostic approach
Authors: Rajwanshi A. , Rohilla M. , Singh P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveFine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a relatively non‐invasive method for diagnosing both superficial and deep‐seated neoplastic and non‐neoplastic lesions. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic utility of trans‐oral FNA in cervical (C1 and C2) vertebral and paravertebral lesions.Material and methodsEighteen FNA cases of cervical vertebral and paravertebral lesions performed by a trans‐oral route without any image‐guidance between 1995 and 2014 were retrieved from the archives of the cytology department at PGIMER, Chandigarh and reviewed.ResultsOut of 18 cases, a definite diagnosis was given in 15 cases (83.3%). The commonest diagnosis seen was granulomatous inflammation consistent with tuberculosis (33.3%).ConclusionTrans‐oral FNA is a quick, inexpensive and relatively safe outpatient procedure for sampling C1 and C2 vertebral and paravertebral lesions, which are clinically and radiologically difficult to approach. It helps in the early diagnosis and management of these patients.
Leptin deficiency in mice counteracts imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis‐like skin inflammation while leptin stimulation induces inflammation in human keratinocytes
Authors: Stjernholm Theresa , Ommen Pernille , Langkilde Ane , Johansen Claus , Iversen Lars , Rosada Cecilia , Stenderup Karin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLeptin is an adipocyte‐derived cytokine secreted mostly by adipose tissue. Serum leptin levels are elevated in obese individuals and correlate positively with body mass index (BMI). Interestingly, serum leptin levels are also elevated in patients with psoriasis and correlate positively with disease severity. Psoriasis is associated with obesity; patients with psoriasis have a higher incidence of obesity, and obese individuals have a higher risk of developing psoriasis. Additionally, obese patients with psoriasis experience a more severe degree of psoriasis. In this study, we hypothesised that leptin may link psoriasis and obesity and plays an aggravating role in psoriasis. To investigate leptin's role in psoriasis, we applied the widely accepted imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis‐like skin inflammation mouse model on leptin‐deficient (ob/ob) mice and evaluated psoriasis severity. Moreover, we stimulated human keratinocytes with leptin and investigated the effect on proliferation and expression of pro‐inflammatory proteins. In ob/ob mice, clinical signs of erythema, infiltration and scales in dorsal skin and inflammation in ear skin, as measured by ear thickness, were attenuated and compared with wt mice. Moreover, IL‐17A and IL‐22 mRNA expression levels, as well as increased epidermal thickness, were significantly less induced. In vitro, the effect of leptin stimulation on human keratinocytes demonstrated increased proliferation and induced secretion of several pro‐inflammatory proteins; two hallmarks of psoriasis. In conclusion, leptin deficiency attenuated IMQ‐induced psoriasis‐like skin inflammation in a mouse model, and leptin stimulation induced a pro‐inflammatory phenotype in human keratinocytes, thus, supporting an aggravating role of leptin in psoriasis.
A literature review of the training offered to qualified prescribers to use electronic prescribing systems: why is it so important?
Authors: Brown Clare L , Reygate Katie , Slee Ann , Coleman Jamie J , Pontefract Sarah K , Bates David W , Husband Andrew K , Watson Neil , Slight Sarah P 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Objectives
A key element of the implementation and ongoing use of an electronic prescribing (ePrescribing) system is ensuring that users are, and remain, sufficiently trained to use the system. Studies have suggested that insufficient training is associated with suboptimal use. However, it is not clear from these studies how clinicians are trained to use ePrescribing systems or the effectiveness of different approaches. We sought to describe the various approaches used to train qualified prescribers on ePrescribing systems and to identify whether users were educated about the pitfalls and challenges of using these systems.

Methods
We performed a literature review, using a systematic approach across three large databases: Cumulative Index Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase and Medline were searched for relevant English language articles. Articles that explored the training of qualified prescribers on ePrescribing systems in a hospital setting were included.

Key findings
Our search of ‘all training’ approaches returned 1155 publications, of which seven were included. A separate search of ‘online’ training found three relevant publications. Training methods in the ‘all training’ category included clinical scenarios, demonstrations and assessments. Regarding ‘online’ training approaches; a team at the University of Victoria in Canada developed a portal containing simulated versions of electronic health records, where individuals could prescribe for fictitious patients. Educating prescribers about the challenges and pitfalls of electronic systems was rarely discussed.

Conclusions
A number of methods are used to train prescribers; however, the lack of papers retrieved suggests a need for additional studies to inform training methods.
A case series and a review of the literature on foreign modelling agent reaction: an emerging problem
Authors: Martínez‐Villarreal Ashley A , Asz‐Sigall Daniel , Gutiérrez‐Mendoza Daniela , Serena Thomas E , Lozano‐Platonoff Adriana , Sanchez‐Cruz Lourdes Y , Toussaint‐Caire Sonia , Domínguez‐Cherit Judith , López‐García Lirio A , Cárdenas‐Sánchez Andrea , Contreras‐Ruiz José 
Published: August 2016

AbstractForeign modelling agent reactions (FMAR) are the result of the injection of unapproved high‐viscosity fluids with the purpose of cosmetic body modelling. Its consequences lead to ulceration, disfigurement and even death, and it has reached epidemic proportions in several regions of the world. We describe a series of patients treated for FMARs in a specialised wound care centre and a thorough review of the literature. A retrospective chart review was performed from January 1999 to September 2015 of patients who had been injected with non‐medical foreign agents and who developed cutaneous ulceration needing treatment at the dermatology wound care centre. This study involved 23 patients whose ages ranged from 22 to 67 years with higher proportion of women and homosexual men. The most commonly injected sites were the buttocks (38·5%), legs (18%), thighs (15·4%) and breasts (11·8%). Mineral oil (39%) and other unknown substances (30·4%) were the most commonly injected. The latency period ranged from 1 week to 17 years. Complications included several skin changes such as sclerosis and ulceration as well as systemic complications. FMAR is a severe syndrome that may lead to deadly complications, and is still very common in Latin America.