bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mammalian Fibroblast Cells Show Strong Preference for Laser-Generated Hybrid Amorphous Silicon-SiO2 Textures
Authors: Colpitts Candace , Ektesabi Amin M. , Wyatt Rachael A. , Crawford Bryan D. , Kiani Amirkianoosh 
Published: October 2016

Background In this study, we investigated a method to produce bioactive hybrid amorphous silicon and silicon oxide patterns using nanosecond laser pulses. Methods Microscale line patterns were made by laser pulses on silicon wafers at different frequencies (25, 70 and 100 kHz), resulting in ablation patterns with frequency-dependent physical and chemical properties. Results Incubating the laser-treated silicon substrates with simulated body fluid demonstrated that the physicochemical properties of the laser-treated samples were stable under these conditions, and favored the deposition of bone-like apatite. More importantly, while NIH 3T3 fibroblasts did colonize the untreated regions of the silicon wafers, they showed a strong preference for the laser-treated regions, and further discriminated between substrates treated with different frequencies. Conclusions Taken together, these data suggest that laser materials processing of silicon-based devices is a promising avenue to pursue in the production of biosensors and other bionic devices.
Genetic Variants in the 3′ Untranslated Region of sFRP1 Gene and Risk of Gastric Cancer in a Chinese Population
Authors: Wu Juan , Zhang Junfeng , Cao Qinhong , Wang Junqin , Zhan Zhen , Li Zhong 
Published: October 2016

Background Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1), a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, is frequently inactivated in human gastric cancer. Genetic variants in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the gene may influence the strength of miRNA binding and the regulation of mRNA transcription, affecting the individual's cancer risk. This study aims to investigate the impact of variants in the 3′ UTR of sFRP1 on the gastric cancer susceptibility in a Chinese population. Patients and methods The association between 2 sFRP1 gene variation loci (rs1127379 and rs10088390) with minor allele frequency more than 0.1 in the 3′ UTR and gastric cancer risk was assessed in a case-control study including 419 gastric cancer cases and 571 healthy controls. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used for genotyping; the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated to estimate the relative risk. Results Compared with the AA genotype, the GG genotype of rs1127379 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer overall. In the subgroup analysis, the protective effect of the GG genotype was also found for noncardia cancer and intestinal gastric cancer. Furthermore, haplotype analysis showed that the Ars1127379 Grs10088390 haplotype conferred a risk effect for gastric cancer. Conclusions Genetic variants at the sFRP1 gene may be involved in gastric tumorigenesis, especially in noncardia and intestinal gastric cancer. Further prospective studies with different ethnicities and large sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings.
Conditional Cancer Survival of the Corpus Uterine in the USA
Authors: Merrill Ray M. , Frutos Aaron M. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose To identify relative survival probabilities for corpus uterine cancer patients accounting for time already survived, as well as age, race, ethnicity, marital status, tumor stage, and tumor grade at diagnosis. Methods Analyses are based on 78,147 women diagnosed with corpus uterine cancer during 2000-2008 and followed through 2013, using data from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Results Age, race, marital status, tumor stage, and tumor grade, but not ethnicity, significantly impacted relative cancer survival rates of the corpus uterine. Improvement in 5-year relative survival, when conditioned on 1-5 years already survived, occurs in each stage category, more so in later staged cases. The effect of age, race, marital status, and tumor grade on 5-year relative survival, after conditioning on years ( 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ) already survived, varied by stage at diagnosis. For example, poorer prognosis with older age was only observed for regional and distant staged cases, but being married had a greater beneficial impact in regional and distant staged cases. The difference in 5-year relative survival rates diminished for age, race, marital status, tumor stage and grade when conditioned on years ( 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 ) already survived. The greatest improvement in 5-year conditional relative survival was in patients 70 years or older, Blacks, singles, later staged tumors, and higher grade tumors. Conclusions Reporting cancer survival estimates according to time already survived and demographic subgroups provide health-care providers and patients with more instructive prognostic information.
Arteriovenous access ischemic steal (AVAIS) in haemodialysis: a consensus from the Charing Cross Vascular Access Masterclass 2016
Authors: Inston Nicholas , Schanzer Harry , Widmer Matthias , Deane Colin , Wilkins Jason , Davidson Ingemar , Gibbs Paul , Zanow Jeurgen , Bourquelot Pierre , Valenti Domenico 
Published: October 2016

Arteriovenous access ischaemic steal (AVAIS) is a serious and not infrequent complication of vascular access. Pathophysiology is key to diagnosis, investigation and management. Ischaemia distal to an AV access is due to multiple factors. Clinical steal is not simply blood diversion but pressure changes within the adapted vasculature with distal hypoperfusion and resultant poor perfusion pressures in the distal extremity. Reversal of flow within the artery distal to the AV access may be seen but this is not associated with ischaemia in most cases. Terminology is varied and it is suggested that arteriovenous access ischemic steal (AVAIS) is the preferred term. In all cases AVAIS should be carefully classified on clinical symptoms as these determine management options and allow standardisation for studies. Diabetes and peripheral arterial occlusive disease are risk factors but a ‘high risk patient’ profile is not clear and definitive vascular access should not be automatically avoided in these patient groups. Multiple treatment modalities have been described and their use should be directed by appropriate assessment, investigation and treatment of the underlying pathophysiology. Comparison of treatment options is difficult as published studies are heavily biased. Whilst no single technique is suitable for all cases of AVAIS there are some that suit particular scenarios and mild AVAIS may benefit from observation whilst more severe steal mandates surgical intervention.
Gabriel Rivero: Zur Bedeutung des Begriffs Ontologie bei Kant. Berlín, Boston, Walter de Gruyter, 2014, 247 pp., ISBN:978-3-11-034180-5.
Authors: Martìnez Luciana 
Published: October 2016

Reseña de: Gabriel Rivero: Zur Bedeutung des Begriffs Ontologie bei Kant. Berlín, Boston, Walter de Gruyter, 2014, 247 pp., ISBN:978-3-11-034180-5.
A theoretical study on using a fictional mirror to simplify the behavior of a volume Bragg grating in an optical cavity
Authors: Hsieh Yu-Hua , Huang Ching-Hsun , Chung Te-yuan , Shy Jow-Tsong 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A fictional mirror was proposed to describe the reflective behaviors of a volume Bragg grating (VBG) in an optical cavity. When a finite beam interacts with a VBG, the analytical forms of the location and the radius of curvature of the fictional mirror are derived. In addition, the longitudinal mode spacing of an optical cavity using a VBG as the cavity mirror is investigated theoretically and experimentally.
Crack-free thick (∼5 µm) α-Ga2O3 films on sapphire substrates with α-(Al,Ga)2O3 buffer layers
Authors: Oda Masaya , Kaneko Kentaro , Fujita Shizuo , Hitora Toshimi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
To obtain crack-free thick α-Ga2O3 films on sapphire substrates, effects and behaviors of buffer layers have been investigated. With the growth of an α-Ga2O3 layer, there appeared an unintentionally formed layer in the sample, which was associated with stress accumulation and could be the seed for crack generation. We obtained a thick (∼5 µm) α-Ga2O3 layer on a sapphire substrate with the insertion of α-(Al0.12Ga0.88)2O3/α-(Al0.02Ga0.98)2O3 buffer layers, and for this sample, we did not observe the intermediate layer, suggesting that the buffer layers were effective for eliminating the stress accumulation at the α-Ga2O3/sapphire interface region.
Effects of nitrogen deposition on soil sulfur cycling
Authors: Chen Hao , Yang Liqiong , Wen Li , Luo Pan , Liu Lu , Yang Yi , Wang Kelin , Li Dejun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIncreased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been found to alter processes and functions of terrestrial ecosystems including the biogeochemical cycling of N and other elements, e.g., phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K). Nevertheless, how N deposition changes sulfur (S) cycling is largely unknown. Based on a meta‐analysis and a lab N addition experiment, here we show that N addition significantly suppresses the activity of soil arylsulfatase, which is a major enzyme involved in the mineralization of organic S. The evidence suggests that N‐induced decrease in soil pH is responsible for the decrease of arylsulfatase activity. Soil buffering capacity plays a critical role in mediating the extent of arylsulfatase activity response to N inputs via its regulation on soil pH. Our results suggest that N deposition may slow down S cycling by suppressing soil organic S mineralization.
Enhanced sedimentation beneath particle‐laden flows in lakes and the ocean due to double‐diffusive convection
Authors: Davarpanah Jazi Shahrzad , Wells Mathew G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe transport rate of particles beneath sediment‐laden overflows and interflows in lakes and the ocean can be enhanced by double‐diffusive and settling‐driven convection. In previous experiments with sediment‐laden fluid overlaying a saline layer, visual measurements could only be made in the optically clear lower layer. Hence, there was difficulty distinguishing the two processes, hindering predictions of when enhanced sedimentation occurs. We used an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter to measure velocities and turbulence above and below the initial sediment/salt interface. The velocity of the sediment fingers in the lower layer were always larger than the Stokes settling velocity of the particles, leading to an asymmetry in the flow field of the two convective layers. Sediment fingers only dominated when there were marginal density differences between the two layers. We conclude that double‐diffusive sediment fingers control sedimentation beneath interflows in most lakes, whereas settling‐driven convection is dominant in most oceanic overflows.
Regional and stress drop effects on aftershock productivity of large megathrust earthquakes
Authors: Wetzler Nadav , Brodsky Emily E. , Lay Thorne 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe total number of aftershocks increases with main shock magnitude, resulting in an overall well‐defined relationship. Observed variations from this trend prompt questions regarding influences of regional environment and individual main shock rupture characteristics. We investigate how aftershock productivity varies regionally and with main shock source parameters for large (Mw ≥ 7.0) circum‐Pacific megathrust earthquakes within the past 25 years, drawing on extant finite‐fault rupture models. Aftershock productivity is found to be higher for subduction zones of the western circum‐Pacific than for subduction zones in the eastern circum‐Pacific. This appears to be a manifestation of differences in faulting susceptibility between island arcs and continental arcs. Surprisingly, events with relatively large static stress drop tend to produce fewer aftershocks than comparable magnitude events with lower stress drop; however, for events with similar coseismic rupture area, aftershock productivity increases with stress drop and radiated energy, indicating a significant impact of source rupture process on productivity.
A new soil mechanics approach to quantify and predict land subsidence by peat compression
Authors: Koster Kay , Erkens Gilles , Zwanenburg Cor 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLand subsidence threatens many coastal areas. Quantifying current and predicting future subsidence are essential to sustain the viability of these areas with respect to rising sea levels. Despite its scale and severity, methods to quantify subsidence are scarce. In peat‐rich subsidence hot spots, subsidence is often caused by peat compression. We introduce the standard Cone Penetration Test (CPT) as a technique to quantify subsidence due to compression of peat. In a test in the Holland coastal plain, the Netherlands, we found a strong relationship between thickness reduction of peat and cone resistance, due to an increase in peat stiffness after compression. We use these results to quantify subsidence of peat in subsiding areas of Sacramento‐San Joaquin delta and Kalimantan, and found values corresponding with previously made observations. These results open the door for CPT as a new method to document past and predict future subsidence due to peat compression over large areas.
The spectroscopy of individual terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes: Constraining the source properties
Authors: Mailyan B. G. , Briggs M. S. , Cramer E. S. , Fitzpatrick G. , Roberts O. J. , Stanbro M. , Connaughton V. , McBreen S. , Bhat P. N. , Dwyer J. R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe report on the spectral analysis of individual terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs) observed with the Fermi Gamma‐ray Burst Monitor (GBM). The large GBM TGF sample provides 46 events suitable for individual spectral analysis: sufficiently bright, localized by ground‐based radio, and with the gamma rays reaching a detector unobstructed. These TGFs exhibit diverse spectral characteristics that are hidden when using summed analysis methods. We account for the low counts in individual TGFs by using Poisson likelihood, and we also consider instrumental effects. The data are fit with models obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of the large‐scale Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanche (RREA) model, including propagation through the atmosphere. Source altitudes ranging from 11.6 to 20.2 km are simulated. Two beaming geometries were considered: In one, the photons retain the intrinsic distribution from scattering (narrow), and in the other, the photons are smeared into a wider beam (wide). Several TGFs are well fit only by narrow‐beam models, while others favor wide‐beam models. Large‐scale RREA models can accommodate both narrow and wide beams, with narrow beams suggest large‐scale RREA in organized electric fields while wide beams may imply converging or diverging electric fields. Wide beams are also consistent with acceleration in the electric fields of lightning leaders, but the TGFs that favor narrow‐beam models appear inconsistent with some lightning leader models.
A stable auroral red (SAR) arc with multiple emission features
Authors: Mendillo Michael , Finan Robert , Baumgardner Jeffrey , Wroten Joei , Martinis Carlos , Casillas Marcus 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStable auroral red (SAR) arcs offer subvisible evidence for storm time linkages between the inner magnetosphere and the midlatitude ionosphere. A SAR arc's defining characteristics are horizon‐to‐horizon east‐west extent, a few degrees of latitude in meridional extent, emission only at the oxygen 6300 Å line, and minimal brightness changes during a night—effects readily provided by steady heat conduction from the ring current‐plasmapause interaction region. Here we describe a typical SAR arc (brightness ~300 rayleighs) with several superimposed patches of emission in two oxygen lines (with a 6300 Å/5577 Å ratio of ~40). We find no evidence for highly localized heating effects but rather evidence from GPS satellites supporting low‐energy electron precipitation as the SAR arc modulating mechanism. Seven brightness peaks with average longitude spacing of ~4° define a new spatial pattern for SAR arc studies.
Load relaxation of olivine single crystals
Authors: Cooper Reid F. , Stone Donald S. , Plookphol Thawatchai 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSingle crystals of ferromagnesian olivine (San Carlos, AZ, peridot; ~Fo88‐90) have been deformed in both uniaxial creep and load relaxation under conditions of ambient pressure, T = 1500°C and
= 10−10 atm; creep stresses were in the range 40 ≤ σ1 (MPa) ≤ 220. The crystals were oriented such that the applied stress was parallel to [011]c, which promotes single slip on the slowest slip system in olivine, (010)[001]. The creep rates at steady state match well the results of earlier investigators, as does the stress sensitivity (a power law exponent of n = 3.6). Dislocation microstructures, including spatial distribution of low‐angle (subgrain) boundaries, additionally confirm previous investigations. Inverted primary creep (an accelerating strain rate with an increase in stress) was observed. Load relaxation, however, produced a singular response—a single hardness curve—regardless of the magnitude of creep stress or total accumulated strain preceding relaxation. The log stress versus log strain rate data from load‐relaxation and creep experiments overlap to within experimental error. The load‐relaxation behavior is distinctly different than that described for other crystalline solids, where the flow stress is affected strongly by work hardening such that a family of distinct hardness curves is generated, which are related by a scaling function. The response of olivine for the conditions studied, we argue, indicates flow that is rate limited by dislocation glide, reflecting specifically a high intrinsic lattice resistance (Peierls stress).
Global observations of cloud‐sensitive aerosol loadings in low‐level marine clouds
Authors: Andersen H. , Cermak J. , Fuchs J. , Schwarz K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAerosol‐cloud interaction is a key component of the Earth's radiative budget and hydrological cycle, but many facets of its mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this study, global satellite‐derived aerosol and cloud products are used to identify at what aerosol loading cloud droplet size shows the greatest sensitivity to changes in aerosol loading (ACSmax). While, on average, cloud droplet size is most sensitive at relatively low aerosol loadings, distinct spatial and temporal patterns exist. Possible determinants for these are identified with reanalysis data. The magnitude of ACSmax is found to be constrained by the total columnar water vapor. Seasonal patterns of water vapor are reflected in the seasonal patterns of ACSmax. Also, situations with enhanced turbulent mixing are connected to higher ACSmax, possibly due to intensified aerosol activation. Of the analyzed aerosol species, dust seems to impact ACSmax the most, as dust particles increase the retrieved aerosol loading without substantially increasing the concentration of cloud condensation nuclei.
A test for Io's magma ocean: Modeling tidal dissipation with a partially molten mantle
Authors: Bierson C. J. , Nimmo F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMagnetic induction measurements and astrometry provide constraints on the internal structure of Io, a volcanically active moon of Jupiter. We model the tidal response of a partially molten Io using an Andrade rheology which is supported by silicate deformation experiments. This model uses material properties similar to the Earth's mantle and includes feedbacks between partial melting, tidal heat production, and melt transport. We are able to satisfy constraints provided by the measured imaginary part of the tidal Love number Im(k2), the inferred depth and melt fraction of a near‐surface partially molten layer, and the observed equatorial concentration of volcanic landforms. We predict a value for the real part of the tidal Love number of Re(k2) = 0.09 ± 0.02, much smaller than the value of Re(k2)≈0.5 predicted for an Io with a fluid magma ocean. Future spacecraft observations should be able to measure this value and test which model is correct.
CGILS Phase 2 LES intercomparison of response of subtropical marine low cloud regimes to CO2 quadrupling and a CMIP3 composite forcing change
Authors: Blossey Peter N. , Bretherton Christopher S. , Cheng Anning , Endo Satoshi , Heus Thijs , Lock Adrian P. , van der Dussen Johan J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPhase 1 of the CGILS large‐eddy simulation (LES) intercomparison is extended to understand if subtropical marine boundary‐layer clouds respond to idealized climate perturbations consistently in six LES models. Here the responses to quadrupled carbon dioxide (“fast adjustment”) and to a composite climate perturbation representative of CMIP3 multimodel mean 2×CO2 near‐equilibrium conditions are analyzed. As in Phase 1, the LES is run to equilibrium using specified steady summertime forcings representative of three locations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean in shallow well‐mixed stratocumulus, decoupled stratocumulus, and shallow cumulus cloud regimes. The results are generally consistent with a single‐LES study of Bretherton et al. () on which this intercomparison was based. Both quadrupled CO2 and the composite climate perturbation result in less cloud and a shallower boundary layer for all models in well‐mixed stratocumulus and for all but a single LES in decoupled stratocumulus and shallow cumulus, corroborating similar findings from global climate models (GCMs). For both perturbations, the amount of cloud reduction varies across the models, but there is less intermodel scatter than in GCMs. The cloud radiative effect changes are much larger in the stratocumulus‐capped regimes than in the shallow cumulus regime, for which precipitation buffering may damp the cloud response. In the decoupled stratocumulus and cumulus regimes, both the CO2 increase and CMIP3 perturbations reduce boundary‐layer decoupling, due to the shallowing of inversion height.
Frequency and Duration of Adrenal Suppression Following Glucocorticoid Therapy in Children With Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Ahmet Alexandra , Brienza Vincent , Tran Audrey , Lemieux Julie , Aglipay Mary , Barrowman Nick , Duffy Ciaran , Roth Johannes , Jurencak Roman 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveAdrenal suppression (AS), a glucocorticoid (GC) side effect with potentially significant morbidity, is poorly understood. The purpose of our study was to determine frequency, duration, and predictors of AS following a gradual taper of GC in children with rheumatic conditions.MethodsA prospective, observational cohort study was conducted. All patients ages ≤16 years ready to discontinue GC after >4 weeks of therapy were included. Morning cortisol was tested 4 weeks after GC taper to physiologic doses and then repeatedly until normalization. GCs were subsequently discontinued and a low‐dose adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test was performed.ResultsThe study was completed by 31 of 39 patients. The median age was 12.9 years and median duration of GC therapy was 39.6 weeks. Seventeen patients (54.8%) had AS. Of the patients with AS, 50% showed recovery by 7 months. Two patients had persistent AS at 12 months and 1 patient at 2 years. A higher maximum GC dose was a significant predictor for the development of AS.ConclusionMore than 50% of our patients had AS after GC discontinuation, despite a gradual taper of GC. Stress steroids should be considered in children treated with long‐term GC, even after steroid discontinuation, to prevent possible adrenal crisis.