bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical validity of a microRNA‐based assay for diagnosing indeterminate thyroid FNA smears from routinely prepared cytology slides
Authors: Benjamin Hila , Schnitzer‐Perlman Temima , Shtabsky Alexander , VandenBussche Christopher J. , Ali Syed Z. , Kolar Zdenek , Pagni Fabio ,   Rosetta Genomics Group, Bar Dganit , Meiri Eti 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDThe majority of thyroid nodules are diagnosed using fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies. The authors recently described the clinical validation of a molecular microRNA‐based assay, RosettaGX Reveal, which can diagnose thyroid nodules as benign or suspicious using a single stained FNA smear. This paper describes the analytical validation of the assay.METHODSMore than 800 FNA slides were tested, including slides stained with Romanowsky‐type and Papanicolaou stains. The assay was examined for the following features: intranodule concordance, effect of stain type, minimal acceptable RNA amounts, performance on low numbers of thyroid cells, effect of time since sampling, and analytical sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility.RESULTSThe assay can be run on FNA slides for which as little as 1% of the cells are thyroid epithelial cells or from which only 5 ng of RNA have been extracted. Samples composed entirely of blood failed quality control and were not classified. Stain type did not affect performance. All slides were stored at room temperature. However, the length of time between FNA sampling and processing did not affect assay performance. There was a high level of concordance between laboratories (96%), and the concordance for slides created from the same FNA pass was 93%.CONCLUSIONSThe microRNA‐based assay was robust to various physical processing conditions and to differing sample characteristics. Given the assay's performance, robustness, and use of routinely prepared FNA slides, it has the potential to provide valuable aid for physicians in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:711–21. © 2016 Rosetta Genomics. Cancer Cytopathology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Organization of the connections between claustrum and cortex in the mouse
Authors: Wang Quanxin , Ng Lydia , Harris Julie A. , Feng David , Li Yang , Royall Josh J. , Oh Seung Wook , Bernard Amy , Sunkin Susan M. , Koch Christof , Zeng Hongkui 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe connections between the claustrum and the cortex in mouse are systematically investigated with adeno‐associated virus (AAV), an anterograde viral tracer. We first define the boundary and the three‐dimensional structure of the claustrum based on a variety of molecular and anatomical data. From AAV injections into 42 neocortical and allocortical areas, we conclude that most cortical areas send bilateral projections to the claustrum, the majority being denser on the ipsilateral side. This includes prelimbic, infralimbic, medial, ventrolateral and lateral orbital, ventral retrosplenial, dorsal and posterior agranular insular, visceral, temporal association, dorsal and ventral auditory, ectorhinal, perirhinal, lateral entorhinal, and anteromedial, posteromedial, lateroposterior, laterointermediate, and postrhinal visual areas. In contrast, the cingulate and the secondary motor areas send denser projections to the contralateral claustrum than to the ipsilateral one. The gustatory, primary auditory, primary visual, rostrolateral visual, and medial entorhinal cortices send projections only to the ipsilateral claustrum. Primary motor, primary somatosensory and subicular areas barely send projections to either ipsi‐ or contralateral claustrum. Corticoclaustral projections are organized in a rough topographic manner, with variable projection strengths. We find that the claustrum, in turn, sends widespread projections preferentially to ipsilateral cortical areas with different projection strengths and laminar distribution patterns and to certain contralateral cortical areas. Our quantitative results show that the claustrum has strong reciprocal and bilateral connections with prefrontal and cingulate areas as well as strong reciprocal connections with the ipsilateral temporal and retrohippocampal areas, suggesting that it may play a crucial role in a variety of cognitive processes. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1317–1346, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Detailed Analysis of the Morphology of Fibrils of Selectively Mutated Amyloid β (1–40)
Authors: Adler Juliane , Baumann Monika , Voigt Bruno , Scheidt Holger A. , Bhowmik Debanjan , Häupl Tilmann , Abel Bernd , Madhu Perunthiruthy K. , Balbach Jochen , Maiti Sudipta , Huster Daniel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA small library of rationally designed amyloid β [Aβ(1–40)] peptide variants is generated, and the morphology of their fibrils is studied. In these molecules, the structurally important hydrophobic contact between phenylalanine 19 (F19) and leucine 34 (L34) is systematically mutated to introduce defined physical forces to act as specific internal constraints on amyloid formation. This Aβ(1–40) peptide library is used to study the fibril morphology of these variants by employing a comprehensive set of biophysical techniques including solution and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, AFM, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and XRD. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the introduction of significant local physical perturbations of a crucial early folding contact of Aβ(1–40) only results in minor alterations of the fibrillar morphology. The thermodynamically stable structure of mature Aβ fibrils proves to be relatively robust against the introduction of significantly altered molecular interaction patterns due to point mutations. This underlines that amyloid fibril formation is a highly generic process in protein misfolding that results in the formation of the thermodynamically most stable cross‐β structure.
Habitat augmentation drives secondary invasion: an experimental approach to determine the mechanism of invasion success
Authors: O'Loughlin Luke S. , Green Peter T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe entry of secondary invaders into, or their expansion within, native communities is contingent on the changes wrought by other (primary) invaders. When primary invaders have altered more than one property of the recipient community, standard descriptive and modeling approaches only provide a best guess of the mechanism permitting the secondary invasion. In rainforest on Christmas Island, we conducted a manipulative field experiment to determine the mechanism of invasion success for a community of land snails dominated by non‐native species. The invasion of rainforest by the yellow crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) has facilitated these land snails, either by creating enemy‐free space and/or increased habitat and resources (in the form of leaf litter) through the removal of the native omnivorous‐detritivorous red land crab (Gecarcoidea natalis). We manipulated predator densities (high and low) and leaf litter (high and low) in replicated blocks of four treatment combinations at two sites. Over the course of one wet season (five months), we found that plots with high leaf litter biomass contained significantly more snails than those with low biomass, regardless of whether those plots had high or low predation pressure, at both the site where land crabs have always been abundant, and at the site where they have been absent for many years prior to the experiment. Each site was dominated by small snail species (<2 mm length), and through handling size and predation experiments we demonstrated that red crabs tend not to handle and eat snails of that size. These results suggest that secondary invasion by this community of non‐native land snails is facilitated most strongly by habitat and resource augmentation, an indirect consequence of red land crab removal, and that the creation of enemy‐free space is not important. By using a full‐factorial experimental approach, we have confidently determined—rather than inferred—the mechanism by which primary invaders indirectly facilitate a community of secondary invaders.
Carnation‐like CuO Hierarchical Nanostructures Assembled by Porous Nanosheets for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Li Rong , Xing Lu , Wang Xing , Gou Xinglong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCarnation‐like CuO hierarchical nanostructures assembled by ultrathin porous nanosheets were successfully fabricated via a facile solvothermal route followed with heat treatment. As‐prepared CuO nanostructures exhibited excellent catalytic activity toward glucose oxidation in the absence of any enzymes. Under the optimized conditions, the CuO‐based enzymeless glucose sensor showed high sensitivity of 3.15 mA mM−1 cm−2, low limit of detection (98 nM, S/N=3), good reproducibility, excellent selectivity and long‐time stability. The superb nonenzymatic glucose sensing performance of the CuO hierarchical nanostructures was attributed to the highly catalytically active sites at the edges and basal planes of the CuO nanosheets, facile transportation of analytes through the abundant mesopores and macropores, robust and stable hierarchical structure. Moreover, the CuO‐based enzymeless glucose sensor showed high accuracy and reliability in comparison with clinical glucometer for quantitative determination of glucose in human blood serum samples.
Combined Calcium Looping and Chemical Looping Combustion for Post‐Combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture: Process Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Duhoux Benoit , Mehrani Poupak , Lu Dennis Y. , Symonds Robert T. , Anthony Edward J. , Macchi Arturo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this work, a combined calcium looping and chemical looping combustion (CaL–CLC) technology is simulated at thermodynamic equilibrium conditions and the results in terms of efficiency, power production, and solids circulation rates are compared with the case of using CaL alone. In addition, a new solids looping configuration in the CaL–CLC process is proposed with the purpose of mitigating the loss of calcium oxide conversion after high cycle numbers. Simulations show an improved process efficiency of the CaL–CLC method compared with CaL alone (34.2 vs. 31.2 % higher heat value) and an increased power output (136 vs. 110 MWe additional power) due to the higher energy requirement to preheat the reactants. A sensitivity analysis of the process operating parameters highlights the particular importance of the temperature difference between reactors, which has a strong impact on the required mass of solids circulating in the loops. Finally, partial carbon dioxide capture scenarios are considered and indicate that lower capture levels are suitable to match regulation targets.
Anode‐Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Achieves 70 000 Hours of Continuous Operation
Authors: Blum Ludger , de Haart L. G. J. , Malzbender Jürgen , Margaritis Nikolaos , Menzler Norbert H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGlobal climate challenges necessitate the development of technologies that reduce civilization's dependence on non‐renewable resources. Very promising in this respect are solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, their high operating temperatures have imposed a variety of practical limitations, and therefore a major focus in recent years has been on new materials and optimized microstructures. Here, we report the results of a long‐term test using a short stack with anode‐supported cells based on standard materials, and we attained a continuous operation time of 70 000 h (eight years)—the longest operation time ever reached for this technology. This result offers the best prospect for the realization of stable and robust SOFC technology.
White matter deficits mediate effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on cognitive development in childhood
Authors: Fan Jia , Jacobson Sandra W. , Taylor Paul A. , Molteno Christopher D. , Dodge Neil C. , Stanton Mark E. , Jacobson Joseph L. , Meintjes Ernesta M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFetal alcohol spectrum disorders comprise the spectrum of cognitive, behavioral, and neurological impairments caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on 54 children (age 10.1 ± 1.0 years) from the Cape Town Longitudinal Cohort, for whom detailed drinking histories obtained during pregnancy are available: 26 with full fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or partial FAS (PFAS), 15 nonsyndromal heavily exposed (HE), and 13 controls. Using voxelwise analyses, children with FAS/PFAS showed significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in four white matter (WM) regions and higher mean diffusivity (MD) in seven; three regions of FA and MD differences (left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), splenium, and isthmus) overlapped, and the fourth FA cluster was located in the same WM bundle (right ILF) as an MD cluster. HE children showed lower FA and higher MD in a subset of these regions. Significant correlations were observed between three continuous alcohol measures and DTI values at cluster peaks, indicating that WM damage in several regions is dose dependent. Lower FA in the regions of interest was attributable primarily to increased radial diffusivity rather than decreased axonal diffusivity, suggesting poorer axon packing density and/or myelination. Multiple regression models indicated that this cortical WM impairment partially mediated adverse effects of PAE on information processing speed and eyeblink conditioning. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2943–2958, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetoencephalographic signatures of insular epileptic spikes based on functional connectivity
Authors: Zerouali Younes , Pouliot Philippe , Robert Manon , Mohamed Ismail , Bouthillier Alain , Lesage Frédéric , Nguyen Dang K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFailure to recognize insular cortex seizures has recently been identified as a cause of epilepsy surgeries targeting the temporal, parietal, or frontal lobe. Such failures are partly due to the fact that current noninvasive localization techniques fare poorly in recognizing insular epileptic foci. Our group recently demonstrated that magnetoencephalography (MEG) is sensitive to epileptiform spikes generated by the insula. In this study, we assessed the potential of distributed source imaging and functional connectivity analyses to distinguish insular networks underlying the generation of spikes. Nineteen patients with operculo‐insular epilepsy were investigated. Each patient underwent MEG as well as T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as part of their standard presurgical evaluation. Cortical sources of MEG spikes were reconstructed with the maximum entropy on the mean algorithm, and their time courses served to analyze source functional connectivity. The results indicate that the anterior and posterior subregions of the insula have specific patterns of functional connectivity mainly involving frontal and parietal regions, respectively. In addition, while their connectivity patterns are qualitatively similar during rest and during spikes, couplings within these networks are much stronger during spikes. These results show that MEG can establish functional connectivity‐based signatures that could help in the diagnosis of different subtypes of insular cortex epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3250–3261, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intestinal‐type sinonasal adenocarcinomas: The road to molecular diagnosis and personalized treatment
Authors: Hoeben Ann , van de Winkel Linda , Hoebers Frank , Kross Kenneth , Driessen Chantal , Slootweg Pieter , Tjan–Heijnen Vivianne C. G. , van Herpen Carla 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundSinonasal intestinal‐type adenocarcinomas (ITACs) are epithelial tumors of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses, often related to professional exposure to organic dust, mainly wood or leather. It is a rare cancer. If resectable, surgery is the treatment of choice. Postoperative radiotherapy is often indicated to increase local control. Systemic treatment (chemotherapy, targeted agents, or immunotherapy) of irresectable ITACs and/or metastasized disease is less standardized.MethodsArticles on ITAC histopathology, molecular profile, and current treatment options of this specific tumor were identified and reviewed, using the electronic databases Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane, and Web of Science.ResultsThis article reviews what is currently known on the histopathology, tumorigenesis, molecular characteristics, and standardized treatment options of ITAC.ConclusionMore translational research is needed to identify druggable targets that may lead to a personalized treatment plan in order to improve long‐term outcome in patients with locally advanced and/or metastasized ITAC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: First–1570, 2016
Metastases to nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
Authors: López Fernando , Devaney Kenneth O. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe sinonasal cavities are rare locations for metastases. Metastases to these locations are usually solitary and produce similar symptoms to those of a primary sinonasal tumor. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis are the most frequent symptoms. The maxillary sinus is most frequently involved. The most common primary tumor sites to spread to this region originate in the kidney, breast, thyroid, and prostate, although any malignancy could potentially lead to a metastasis to the paranasal sinuses. The patient's prognosis is usually poor because of the fact that the sinonasal metastasis is usually associated with widespread disseminated disease. In the majority of patients, palliative therapy is the only possible treatment option. Nevertheless, whenever possible, surgical excision either alone or combined with radiotherapy may be useful for palliation of symptoms and, rarely, to achieve prolonged survival. This review considers the most interesting cases reported in the literature that presents metastases to the sinonasal cavities. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1847–1854, 2016
Evidence of perturbed germinal center dynamics, but preserved antibody diversity, in end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Assing Kristian , Nielsen Christian , Jakobsen Marianne , Scholze Alexandra , Nybo Mads , Soerensen Grete , Mortensen Sussie , Vejen Knud , Barington Torben , Bistrup Claus 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionEnd‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with increased infectious susceptibility and with reduced vaccine responses consistent with compromised humoral immunity. Whether the compromised humoral immunity is due to reduced antibody diversity (reduced somatic hypermutation [SHM]) or altered germinal center (GC) dynamics is not known. The GC‐derived chemokine CXCL13 as well as peripheral T follicular helper cells (pTFH) reflect GC dynamics, but have, similar to SHM, never been characterized in relation to ESRD.MethodsSerum CXCL 13 was determined by ELISA. PTFH were flow‐cytometrically defined as CD4+ CD45RA− CCR7+ CXCR5+ lymphocytes. Apoptotic lymphocyte subsets were in addition annexin V+. SHM was determined, by next‐generation sequencing and bioinformatics, as nucleotide mutations within the IgG VH (comprising the important antigen‐binding domains of IgG, CDR1, and CDR2).ResultsElevated CXCL13 levels characterized ESRD (n = 19; [median] 90 pg/ml, P < 0.01) (controls, n = 18; 62 pg/ml). ESRD pTFH frequencies (n = 19; 11.6% [of CD4+ memory T cells], P < 0.02*, *Bonferroni corrected) (controls, n = 22; 14.9%) and concentrations (n = 19; 0.03 × 109/L, P < 0.02*) (controls, n = 22; 0.07 × 109/L) were reduced. ESRD pTFH were more apoptotic (n = 9; 25.7%, P = 0.04*) (controls, n = 10; 15.9%). SHM did not discriminate between ESRD (n = 10; 7.4%, P = 0.21) and controls (n = 10; 8.4%).ConclusionsElevated CXCL13 levels, reduced pTFH levels, and increased pTFH apoptosis suggest that perturbed GC dynamics, and not reduced antibody diversity, underlie the diminished vaccine responses and the compromised humoral immunity in ESRD. However, largely preserved SHM provides a rationale for pursuing vaccination in relation to ESRD.
Circulating serum irisin levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shoukry Amira , Shalaby Sally M. , El‐Arabi Bdeer Shereen , Mahmoud Amira A. , Mousa Mayada M. , Khalifa Ashraf 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIrisin is an exercise‐regulated myokine inducing browning of white adipose tissue and has gained interest as a potential new strategy to combat obesity and its associated disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study is to evaluate the circulating serum irisin levels in obesity and T2DM and also to elucidate possible relationships between serum irisin levels with anthropometric and metabolic parameters of obesity and T2DM. One hundred fifty newly diagnosed T2DM patients as well as 150 nondiabetic control subjects were enrolled in this study. Nondiabetic controls were then stratified according to their body mass index (BMI) into three subgroups; lean, overweight, and obese. Serum irisin levels were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Serum irisin levels were significantly decreased in T2DM patients compared with nondiabetic controls. Obese nondiabetic controls had significantly higher serum irisin levels compared with lean nondiabetic controls. In both nondiabetic controls and T2DM patients, serum irisin was significantly positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.985, P < 0.001 and r = 0.218, P = 0.007, respectively), fat mass (r = 0.959, P < 0.001 and r = 0.202, P = 0.013, respectively), fat‐free mass (r = 0.606, P < 0.001 and r = 0.194, P = 0.017, respectively), fat‐free mass index (r = 0.820, P < 0.001 and r = 0.179, P = 0.028, respectively), waist‐to‐hip ratio (r = 0.880, P < 0.001 and r = 0.194, P = 0.017, respectively), fasting insulin (r = 0.989, P < 0.001 and r = 0.207, P = 0.011, respectively), and HOMA‐IR (r = 0.989, P < 0.001 and r = 0.185, P = 0.023, respectively), whereas; significantly negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity (r = −0.992, P < 0.001 and r = −0.187, P = 0.022, respectively). In this study, we demonstrated that circulating serum irisin levels were increased in obese nondiabetic subjects, while decreased in T2DM patients. Moreover, serum irisin levels were correlated with anthropometric and metabolic markers of obesity and T2DM. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(7):544–556, 2016
A New Method of Using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Precipitation of Macroprolactin to Detect Genuine Hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Chen Yongjian , Wang Huan , Yang Wei , Jin Weidong , Yu Wenge , Wang Wei , Zhang Kailin , Song Guangzhong 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe most commonly used method of polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation for macroprolactinemia (MP) screening has some significant drawbacks. The aim of this study was to establish a new method using PEG for precipitation of macroprolactin (macroPRL) to detect genuine hyperprolactinemia (genuine HP).MethodsThe optimal PEG concentration for precipitation and the effect of PEG on the precipitation of PRL were analyzed to establish and optimize our PEG precipitation method. The PRL recovery rate and genuine HP detection rate were compared between our method and MP screening method.ResultsAbout 25% PEG6000 was determined to be the optimal PEG concentration for precipitation. Along with an increase in protein concentration in the PRL calibration solution, the PRL recovery rate after precipitation decreased gradually. The PRL recovery rate increased when the precipitation was carried out with diluted PRL calibration solution; the recovery rate reached greater than 90% after a 5‐fold dilution of the calibration solution. The genuine HP detection rate and PRL recovery rate using our diluted serum PEG precipitation method were significantly higher than those obtained with the MP screening method. Our method successfully detected 31 cases of genuine HP, which was significantly higher than the detection rate obtained using the MP screening method (25 cases; P < 0.001).ConclusionPrecipitation using 5‐fold diluted serum with 25% PEG6000 can effectively reduce the macroPRL concentration, increasing the PRL recovery rate and detection rate of genuine HP after precipitation, which is an effective and convenient method for the detection of genuine HP.