bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of proteins related to microspore embryogenesis responsiveness in anther cultures of winter triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.)
Authors: Krzewska Monika , Gołębiowska-Pikania Gabriela , Dubas Ewa , Gawin Marta , Żur Iwona 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFor a better understanding of the physiological background of microspore embryogenesis (ME), the protein profile was analyzed in four winter triticale DH lines, which show extremely different embryogenic potential. The analysis were conducted with anthers at the phase of development optimal for ME induction and then after low temperature (LT, 3 weeks at 4 °C) ME-inducing tillers treatment. The sub-proteome of anthers was mapped by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The protein species significantly more abundant (at least 2-fold) in responsive DH lines after LT treatment were chosen for identification by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis. In total, 31 protein species were successfully identified as involved in the determination of microspore competence, stress response and in the regulation of ME induction. Microspore competence required sufficient energy supply and efficient system of cell protection that determine survival under prolonged LT stress treatment. LT stress was associated with increased accumulation of proteins typical for cell defence against oxidative stress (e.g., l-ascorbate peroxidase), chaperons (e.g., HSP70) and other enzymes/factors ensuring protein biosynthesis, stability and active cell divisions. Also here, effective cell defence required undisturbed energy supply. Among proteins that accumulated differentially in accordance with microspore embryogenic potential again the most important role seems to be played by the enzymes ensuring energy production and determining ability of plant stress adaptation. Two protein species (enolase, 12S storage protein), proposed earlier as candidates for markers of embryogenesis in other in vitro plant culture systems confirmed their utility for triticale anther cultures.
Inferentialism and knowledge: Brandom’s arguments against reliabilism
Authors: Zalabardo José L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractI take issue with Robert Brandom’s claim that on an analysis of knowledge based on objective probabilities it is not possible to provide a stable answer to the question whether a belief has the status of knowledge. I argue that the version of the problem of generality developed by Brandom doesn’t undermine a truth-tracking account of noninferential knowledge that construes truth-tacking in terms of conditional probabilities. I then consider Sherrilyn Roush’s claim that an account of knowledge based on probabilistic tracking faces a version of the problem of generality. I argue that the problems she raises are specific to her account, and do not affect the version of the view that I have advanced. I then consider Brandom’s argument that the cases that motivate reliabilist epistemologies are in principle exceptional. I argue that he has failed to make a cogent case for this claim. I close with the suggestion that the representationalist approach to knowledge that I endorse and Brandom rejects is in principle compatible with the kind of pragmatist approach to belief and truth that both Brandom and I endorse.
Drivers of population growth variations for two Mediterranean sympatric Deer
Authors: López‐Montoya Antonio J. , Moro Javier , Azorit Concepción 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDetecting density‐dependence (DD) in population fluctuations is essential for population control, herd management and harvest programs. However, little information has been obtained for deer in Mediterranean ecosystems. We assess the effects of density, climate and harvesting on population growth fluctuations of two sympatric red (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and fallow deer (Dama dama), in two hunting reserves located in a protected area of south‐east Spain. We use time series analysis of 16 consecutive years of abundance estimates and hunting extractions. We hypothesized a negative influence of density, deer hunting and drought on population growth rates. Through an integrative Bayesian state‐space modeling making possible a unified population analysis we have been able to not only estimate the effects of DD, climate and harvest extractions but also to evaluate their relative impacts on deer population in each location. We found deer populations exhibiting a very strong potential to grow from low density. We detected DD having a stronger effect than hunting and climatic factors, especially for overabundant deer populations close to their carrying capacity. Density‐dependent mechanisms compensate harvest extractions, reducing hunting effectiveness. Severe summer drought conditions had negative effects on growth rates and eventually led to delayed autumn deer deaths. The weather effect is more important the more abundant the deer are. In a climate change context, in Mediterranean environments the importance of weather factors could become much greater if both ungulates’ densities and aridity increase. Population size control here could modulate the negative effects of climatic constraints on deer and ecosystems conservation.
The First Trimester Combined Screening Test in the Indian Population: Insights from a Cohort of 27,647 Pregnancies
Authors: Manikandan K. , Rangaraj Aarthi , Ganesan Ponmozhi , Reddy Vaishnavi , Suresh Sudarshan , Jagadeesh Sujatha M. , Suresh Indrani , Seshadri Suresh 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Objective To analyse the distribution and determinants of the first trimester screening risk for the detection of trisomy 21 in the population in and around Chennai, a south Indian metropolitan city.
Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 27,647 singleton pregnancies that underwent the first trimester combined screening test (FTS) was carried out. For the screen positive cases, karyotype reports or postnatal phenotype outcome were available. The distribution of the various components of risk assessment in the screen positive cases and screen negative cases formed the main outcome measures.
Results Of the 27,647 cases, 4.6% (1270) of cases had unossified nasal bone; 1.8% (499/27,647) had risk more than 1:250 (screen positive). Fifteen (3.2%) of the screen positive cases had confirmed Down syndrome while 46 had termination of pregnancy and 8 had fetal loss.
Conclusions With the current screening protocol, the screen positive rate and the odds of being affected given a positive result (OAPR) for a threshold of 1:250 are 1.8% and 1 in 25 respectively.
Antenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia and Successful Outcome After Postnatal Surgery
Authors: Shah Deval , Vaghela P. K. , Patel Suresh , Acharya Prashant 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a group of disorders where abdominal contents protrude into the chest. The prognosis depends on the contralateral lung volume. The authors evaluated a case of left sided diaphragmatic hernia that was diagnosed at 32 week, and confirmed by MRI. Sonography based Lung to Head circumference ratio (LHR) was calculated. The case was managed at a tertiary care centre where the newborn was immediately shifted to the pediatrician and pediatric surgeon and was operated. Antenatal sonography is the primary modality to diagnose CDH. LHR based on sonography is the key to predict pulmonary hypoplasia and, an MRI is additive. The management needs a multidisciplinary approach.
Maternal alterations induced by exposure to an unfamiliar home cage in early underfed dams
Authors: Salas Manuel , Regalado Mirelta , Torrero Carmen , Rubio Lorena 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe expression of different behavioral components in the adult rat depends on a number of early influences, including age, hormones, manipulations of sensory cues, and perinatal undernutrition, all of which impact the development of brain areas underlying adaptive processes, maternal behavior, and the response to novelty. The current study investigates the effects of pre‐ and neonatal undernutrition on various components of maternal behavior of dams exposed to the challenge of an unfamiliar home cage on days 4, 8, and 12 of lactation. Food restriction was initiated from gestational day (G) G6 to G19 when dams received 50–70% of the normal balanced diet, followed by 100% from G20 to G21. After birth, pups were underfed by alternating every 12 h between two lactating dams, one of which, had ligated nipples. Weaning was at 25 days of age followed by an ad libitum diet until postpartum day 90, when females were mated, and subsequently tested for maternal behavior in an unfamiliar cage. The results indicated that in early underfed mothers the frequency of handling wood shavings and of, approaching, licking, crouching, and grasping pups for retrieval was significantly reduced. Moreover, self‐grooming increased substantially in the underfed dams, but the frequency of rearing was reduced. Additionally, the body weight of pups nursed by early underfed dams was significantly lower than that of control pups. These findings suggest a relation between early food restriction and the deficient maternal care observed when these dams were challenged by exposure to an unfamiliar home cage.
Galantamine administration reduces reactive astrogliosis and upregulates the anti‐oxidant enzyme catalase in rats submitted to neonatal hypoxia ischemia
Authors: Odorcyk F.K. , Nicola F. , Duran‐Carabali L.E. , Figueiró F. , Kolling J. , Vizuete A. , Konrath E.L. , Gonçalves C.A. , Wyse A.T.S. , Netto C.A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNeonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI) plays a role in the etiology of several neurological pathologies and causes severe sequelae. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and cholinesterase inhibitors have demonstrated a positive action over HI induced deficits. In order to evaluate the effects of pre and post‐hypoxia administrations of galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, in a model of perinatal HI, Wistar rats in the post‐natal day 7 (PND7) were subjected to a combination of unilateral occlusion of the right carotid artery with the exposure to a 1 h hypoxia. Intraperitoneal injections of galantamine were administered in two different protocols: one pre and other post‐hypoxia. The analysis of brain structures volume at PND45 showed that pre‐hypoxia galantamine treatment prevented tissue injury to the ipsilesional hippocampus. Also, immunofluorescence showed HI‐induced increase in the number of astrocytes that was prevented by pre‐hypoxia treatment. Biochemical analysis was performed in the ipsilesional hippocampus at PND8 and revealed that pre‐hypoxia galantamine treatment: 1) prevented the neuronal loss induced by HI; 2) reduced the HI‐induced hypertrophy of astrocytes; and 3) caused an increase in the activity of the anti‐oxidant enzyme catalase. Overall, treatment with galantamine was able to prevent the brain damage, increase the survival of neurons, reduce astrocytic reaction and increase the activity of the anti‐oxidant enzyme catalase in rats submitted to neonatal hypoxia ischemia.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Hypogonadism Impact of Symptoms Questionnaire Short Form (HIS-Q-SF)
Authors: Gelhorn Heather L. , Roberts Laurie J. , Khandelwal Nikhil , Revicki Dennis A. , DeRogatis Leonard R. , Dobs Adrian , Hepp Zsolt , Miller Michael G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Hypogonadism Impact of Symptoms Questionnaire Short Form (HIS-Q-SF) is a patient-reported outcome measurement designed to evaluate the symptoms of hypogonadism. The HIS-Q-SF is an abbreviated version including17 items from the original 28-item HIS-Q.AimTo conduct item analyses and reduction, evaluate the psychometric properties of the HIS-Q-SF, and provide guidance on score interpretation.MethodsA 12-week observational longitudinal study of hypogonadal men was conducted as part of the original HIS-Q psychometric evaluation. Participants completed the original HIS-Q every 2 weeks. Blood samples were collected to evaluate testosterone levels. Participants completed the Aging Male’s Symptoms Scale, the International Index of Erectile Function, the Short Form-12, and the PROMIS Sexual Activity, Satisfaction with Sex Life, Sleep Disturbance, and Applied Cognition Scales (baseline and weeks 6 and 12). Clinicians completed the Clinical Global Impression of Severity and Change scales and a clinical form.Main Outcome MeasuresItem performance was evaluated using descriptive statistics and Rasch analyses. Reliability (internal consistency and test-retest), validity (concurrent and know groups), and responsiveness were assessed.ResultsOne hundred seventy-seven men participated (mean age = 54.1 years, range = 23–83). Similar to the full HIS-Q, the final abbreviated HIS-Q-SF instrument includes five domains (sexual, energy, sleep, cognition, and mood) with two sexual subdomains (libido and sexual function). For key domains, test-retest reliability was very good, and construct validity was good for all domains. Known-groups validity was demonstrated for all domain scores, subdomain scores, and total score based on the Clinical Global Impression–Severity. All domains and subdomains were responsive to change based on patient-rated anchor questions.Clinical ImplicationsThe HIS-Q-SF could be a useful tool in clinical practice, epidemiologic studies, and other academic research settings.Strengths and LimitationsCareful consideration was given to the selection of the final HIS-Q-SF items based on quantitative data and clinical expert feedback. Overall, the reduced set of items demonstrated strong psychometric properties. Testosterone levels for the participating men were not as low as anticipated, which could have limited the ability to examine the relations between the HIS-Q-SF and testosterone levels. Further, the analyses used data collected through administration of the full HIS-Q, and future studies should administer the standalone HIS-Q-SF to replicate the psychometric analyses reported in the present study.ConclusionSimilar to the original HIS-Q, the HIS-Q-SF has evidence supporting reliability, validity, and responsiveness. The short form includes a smaller set of items that might be more suitable for use in clinical practice or academic research settings.
Hymenoplasty and Muslim Patients: Islamic Ethico-Legal Perspectives
Authors: Bawany Mohammad H. , Padela Aasim I. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Hymenoplasty, commonly called “revirginization,” is a controversial procedure that pushes the scope of medical practice to satisfy cultural and/or religious “needs.”

Aim
To outline the sociocultural contexts underlying patient requests for hymenoplasty and present Islamic juridical views on the moral status of hymenoplasty for Muslim patients.

Methods
Narrative review of the extant bioethics literature and leading Islamic ethico-legal verdicts.

Outcomes
We identified “Western” and Islamic bioethical debates on hymenoplasty and the critical concepts that underpin ethical justifications for and against the procedure.

Results
From a Western-ethics perspective, the life-saving potential of the procedure is weighed against the role of the surgeon in directly assisting in a deception and in indirectly promoting cultural practices of sexual inequality. From an Islamic bioethical vantage point, jurists offer two opinions. The first is that the surgery is always impermissible. The second is that although the surgery is generally impermissible, it can become licit when the risks of not having postcoital bleeding harm are sufficiently great.

Clinical Implications
Patient requests for hymenoplasty should be approached by surgeons with a willingness to understand patients' social contexts and reasons for pursuing the procedure and are ethically justified by leading Islamic jurists in particular circumstances.

Strengths and Limitations
This article presents emic and etic perspectives on hymenoplasty in Muslim patients, although our review of the Islamic bioethical stances might have missed some juridical opinions and important considerations. Further, Muslims, even devout ones, might not be beholden to Islamic juridical views on medical procedures and thus physicians should not make assumptions about the rationale for, and ethical views of, patients seeking hymenoplasty.

Conclusion
This article provides critical insight into how Muslim patients, and Islamic jurists, evaluate the moral contexts of hymenoplasty.
Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy of Tamsulosin and Tadalafil for Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Erectile Dysfunction: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Active-Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Sae Woong , Park Nam Cheol , Lee Seung Wook , Yang Dae Yul , Park Jong Kwan , Moon Du Geon , Yang Sang-Kuk , Lee Sung Won , Moon Ki Hak , Ahn Tai Young , Kim Soo Woong , Park Kwangsung , Min Kweon Sik , Ryu Ji-Kan , Son Hankil , Jung Jina , Hyun Jae Seog 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundPhosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and α-adrenergic blocking agents (α-blockers) are widely used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).AimsTo assess the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of tamsulosin and tadalafil compared with tadalafil monotherapy in patients with comorbid BPH-associated LUTS and ED.MethodsA randomized, double-blinded, active-controlled trial was conducted of 510 men with BPH-associated LUTS and ED. Patients were treated with FDCs of tamsulosin 0.4 mg plus tadalafil 5 mg (FDC 0.4/5 mg), tamsulosin 0.2 mg plus tadalafil 5 mg (FDC 0.2/5 mg), or tadalafil 5 mg for a 12-week treatment period. For a subsequent 12-week extension period, the patients were administered FDC 0.4/5 mg.OutcomesThe primary outcomes were changes from baseline in total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and International Index of Erectile Function erectile function domain (IIEF-EF) score at week 12 to prove superiority and non-inferiority of FDCs compared with tadalafil 5 mg. The safety assessments were adverse reactions, laboratory test results, and vital signs at week 24.ResultsThe mean changes in total IPSS and IIEF-EF scores were −9.46 and 9.17 for FDC 0.4/5 mg and −8.14 and 9.49 for tadalafil 5 mg, respectively, which indicated superiority in LUTS improvement (P = .0320) and non-inferiority in ED treatment with FDC 0.4/5 mg compared with tadalafil 5 mg. However, the results from FDC 0.2/5 mg failed to demonstrate superiority in LUTS improvement. No clinically significant adverse events regarding the investigational products were observed during the 24-week period.Clinical ImplicationsThe FDC 0.4/5 mg is the first combined formulation of an α-blocker and a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor that offers benefits in patient compliance and as add-on therapy in patients with comorbid BPH-associated LUTS and ED.Strengths and LimitationsThe study clearly demonstrated the advantage of FDC 0.4/5 mg. The main advantage of FDC 0.4/5 mg was the enhanced efficacy on BPH-associated LUTS comorbidity with ED, the lower incidence of side effects, and the simplification and convenience of therapy, which led to better overall patient compliance. However, the lack of a tamsulosin monotherapy control group was a limitation of this study.ConclusionThe FDC 0.4/5 mg therapy was safe, well tolerated, and efficacious, indicating that combination therapy could provide clinical benefits for patients with BPH-associated LUTS complaints and ameliorate the comorbidity of ED.
PD FPR CP high‐gain MIMO antenna
Authors: Karamzadeh S. , Rafiei V. , Saygin H. 
Published: July 2017

A novel configuration of a Fabry–Perot resonator (FPR) antenna for C band application, which produces a high gain, wider impedance and 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth is presented. Radiation element of the antenna is a square patch coupled with four points of crossed aperture. A feed network can change the rotation of the phase in aperture points and, by this technique, change the polarisation diversity (PD). This antenna is capable of variation circularly PD by changing the input port, also partially of the reflective surface which plays as the role of FPR resonator due to the structure and arrangement of cells capable of changing the PD. Experimental results clarify that the FPR antenna covers the impedance bandwidth of 4–6 for S11 ≤ −10 dB. Furthermore, the proposed antenna approximately has a constant gain from 4.4–7.5 GHz with a peak value of 18.1 dBic for each of the input ports. The antenna covers 3 dB axial‐ratio bandwidth, between 4.35–7.85 GHz.
Sweep frequency response analysis based diagnosis of shorts within transformer windings
Authors: Rajamani Rajesh , Rajappa Muthaiah , Madanmohan Balasubramanian 
Published: July 2017

Sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA) is a diagnostic technique which can identify faults within transformers. Though SFRA approaches are used to identify faults, their effectiveness in discriminating two same level faults at two different locations within transformer is not much analysed and reported. Experiments were carried out on a 1 kVA, single phase, 240 V/240 V laboratory transformers and on a 315 kVA, three phase, 11 kV/433 V, Dyn11, ONAN, distribution transformer, to analyse the usefulness of SFRA in inter turn short identification and discriminations. Faulty conditions were created artificially in transformers, by shorting the tappings provided in one of their windings, at different levels and locations. Open circuit self‐impedance and transfer voltage transfer function approaches were experimented and transfer function plots representing winding impedance and voltage transfer ratios at various frequencies were developed for transformers, under normal and faulty conditions. Significant differences were identified at some frequencies while comparing normal case plots with faulty case plots. It was observed that the SFRA is effective in identifying shorts within transformer winding as well as, discriminating two same level shorts (i.e.) locating shorts. Statistical analysis using absolute difference and min–max ratio also confirmed the efficacy of these approaches.
Hardware‐based hybrid scheme to improve the fault ride through capability of doubly fed induction generator under symmetrical and asymmetrical fault
Authors: Uddin Waqar , Zeb Kamran , Tanoli Ayesha , Haider Aun 
Published: July 2017

A hybrid scheme for enhancing fault ride through (FRT) capability of doubly fed induction generator under symmetrical and asymmetrical grid faults is presented. The hybrid strategy is composed of switch type fault current limiter (STFCL), braking chopper and energy storage system (ESS). The hybrid scheme guarantees the safety and controllability of rotor side converter and DC‐link capacitor. The proposed FRT scheme has ability to overcome the transients and oscillation produced during the voltage dip. The hybrid strategy is capable of keeping the fault current, DC‐link voltage, rotor current and voltage and electromagnetic torque within the limits and damps the oscillations during the voltage dip. The results of hybrid scheme are compared with STFCL only and are found better for the former case. MATLAB/Simulink is used for simulation of 9 MW wind turbine interfaced with grid.