bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rational Regulatory Strategy for Governing Financial Innovation
Authors: CHIU Iris H-Y 
Published: October 2017

AbstractModern financial regulation has predominantly been economically-driven,1progressing from addressing market failures to making markets more competitive and workbetter.2The UK Financial Conduct Authority is expressly mandated to pursue regulatory objectives that maintain market integrity and protect consumers (addressing market failures) and to promote competition (making markets workbetter).3Both the FCA and its sister regulator, the Prudential Regulation Authority (for banks), have recently adopted innovative regulatory initiatives to promote technologically-driven innovation, aimed at making markets work better. These initiatives are also a response to the recent explosion of technologically-led financial innovation outside of the regulatory perimeter.In promoting financial innovation, we argue that the regulators have insufficiently focused on the need to govern financial innovation more generally. Although this concern may seem premature, the regulatory innovations are increasingly extending the perimeter for regulatory oversight of financial innovations. As the regulatory innovations have the potential to develop into more mature regulatory frameworks for governing financial innovation, we argue that regulators should manage the risks of their current approach and develop a regulatory strategy framework for balancing regulatory objectives and developing regulatory policy. We propose a framework anchored in rationality, consistency and accountability in governing financial innovation.
Two-dimensional stability of finite-amplitude gravity waves on water of finite depth with constant vorticity
Authors: Francius M. , Kharif C. 
Published: October 2017

A numerical investigation of normal-mode perturbations of a two-dimensional periodic finite-amplitude gravity wave propagating on a vertically sheared current of constant vorticity is considered. For this purpose, an extension of the method developed by Rienecker & Fenton (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 104, 1981, pp. 119–137) is used for the numerical computations of the finite-amplitude waves on a linear shear current. This method enables to compute accurately waves with or without critical layers and pressure anomalies. The numerical results of the linear stability analysis extend the weakly nonlinear analytical results of Thomas et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 24, 2012, 127102) to fully nonlinear waves. In particular, the restabilization of the Benjamin–Feir modulational instability, whatever the depth, for an opposite shear current is confirmed. For these sideband instabilities, the numerical results show some deviations with the weakly nonlinear theory as the wave steepness of the basic wave and vorticity are increased. Besides the modulational instabilities, new instability bands corresponding to quartet and quintet instabilities, which are not sideband disturbances, are discovered. The present numerical results show that with opposite shear currents, increasing the shear reduces the growth rate of the most unstable sideband instabilities but enhances the growth rate of these quartet instabilities, which eventually dominate the Benjamin–Feir modulational instabilities.
Bone Considerations: Archaeology, Heritage, and Ethics at Mamilla, Jerusalem
Authors: Sulimani Gideon , Kletter Raz 
Published: October 2017

Abstract:Mamilla cemetery was one of the largest and most important Muslim cemeteries in Jerusalem. The plans to build a “Museum of Tolerance” in it led to heated protests and a prolonged legal procedure in Israel’s Supreme Court of Justice. In 2008, the court approved the plans and many hundreds of graves were exhumed. Through the available sources, including the court’s archival files, we discuss political, legal, and archaeological aspects of this case, focusing on ethics about cemeteries and descendant communities. The discussion shows that the Israel Antiquities Authority breached the court orders and that the treatment of the archaeological remains was biased. “Their” graves were destroyed, and the bones reburied in secret, while “our” remains in the same areas were carefully excavated and preserved. Tolerance to “our” heritage at the expense of “theirs” is intolerance.
What Does It Take to Protect Cultural Property? Some Aspects on the Fight against Illegal Trade of Cultural Goods from the Greek Point of View
Authors: Nikolentzos Kostas , Voutsa Katerina , Koutsothanasis Christos 
Published: October 2017

Abstract:An overview of both the theoretical approach and the set of actions taken during the last decade by Greece – a country with a profound historical background and rich cultural heritage – to face the problem of the illicit trade of cultural goods. The article contains not only statistical data on recent cases of thefts, clandestine excavations, confiscations, and repatriations of cultural goods but also information on law enforcement and the effort to establish a network to fight the phenomenon on an international level. Aspects such as conforming to the international law, monitoring auctions of antiquities, raising people’s awareness, and reinforcing the current security status of museums and archeological sites are taken into consideration as successful methods for protecting the cultural heritage.
Take the Long Way Home: The Recovery of 32 Chinese Gold Foils from France
Authors: Liu Hao 
Published: October 2017

Abstract:The rational and efficient recovery of Chinese archaeological objects from market nations is a crucial issue that is confronting the Chinese government. Although the 1970 UNESCO Convention was accepted in China in 1989, the destruction of Chinese archaeological sites through illicit excavations and illegal trade has increased, rather than diminished, in the nearly 30 succeeding years. For a better understanding of the challenges that confront the Chinese government, this article provides a case study approach to analyze the case of gold foils stolen from the Eastern Zhou tombs in the Dapuzishan Mountain Region of Lixian County in Gansu Province in the People’s Republic of China. The author identifies prominent issues that exist in relation to repatriation claims and offers some practical advice on the recovery of Chinese archaeological objects, which may assist the Chinese government in its decision making.
Historic Global Commodity Networks: the Research Potential of Rubbish Dumps for the Study of Rural Household Market Access during the late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
Authors: GREGORY DERWIN , LICENCE TOM 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article discusses the research potential of rubbish dumps for the study of rural household market access during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By investigating the global commodity networks associated with four rubbish dumps excavated by the authors in the East Anglian region, at Hempstead (Norfolk), Kirton and Falkenham (Suffolk) and Holme Hale (Norfolk), the article will show how these archives can be used to locate individual rural households within the international capitalist system. This article also discusses the potential challenges faced when analysing the historic rubbish dump archives.
Who is behind the stocking of energy-dense foods and beverages in small stores? The importance of food and beverage distributors
Authors: Ayala Guadalupe X , D’Angelo Heather , Gittelsohn Joel , Horton Lucy , Ribisl Kurt , Sindberg Lesley Schmidt , Olson Christina , Kharmats Anna , Laska Melissa N 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined food and beverage distributors’ sourcing, placement and promotion of obesogenic (energy-dense, nutrient-poor) product categories from the perspective of small food store owners/managers. The obesogenic product categories of interest were savoury snacks, sugary beverages, sweet snacks, confectionery and frozen treats. Specifically, we examined how frequently distributors sourced these products, and the types of agreements and expectations they had for their placement and promotion. Differences were explored by store size and ethnicity. Fresh produce was used as a comparison when examining differences in frequency of sourcing only, with implications for healthy food access.DesignSurvey research involving in-person interviews.SettingFour urban areas in the USA: Baltimore, MD; Durham, NC; Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN; and San Diego, CA.SubjectsSeventy-two small food store owners/managers, 65 % consent rate.ResultsMost distributors sourced obesogenic products weekly. Agreements to place products were predominantly informal (e.g. handshake) with sweet snack, confectionery and frozen treat distributors, and formal (e.g. contract) with savoury snack and sugary beverage distributors. Free-standing displays were the most common incentive provided by distributors and they expected some control over their placement and pricing. Free/discounted products and signage were also common incentives but slotting fees were not. Smaller stores and ethnic stores were less likely to receive various incentives, but among sweet snack distributors, they were more likely to control the price in ethnicv. non-ethnic stores.ConclusionsObesogenic products are ubiquitous. Influencing what is made available to consumers in the retail food environment needs to consider the distributor.
Methylation of transcription factor YY2 regulates its transcriptional activity and cell proliferation
Authors: Wu Xiao-nan , Shi Tao-tao , He Yao-hui , Wang Fei-fei , Sang Rui , Ding Jian-cheng , Zhang Wen-juan , Shu Xing-yi , Shen Hai-feng , Yi Jia , Gao Xiang , Liu Wen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractYin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional DNA-binding transcription factor shown to be critical in a variety of biological processes, and its activity and function have been shown to be regulated by multitude of mechanisms, which include but are not limited to post-translational modifications (PTMs), its associated proteins and cellular localization. YY2, the paralog of YY1 in mouse and human, has been proposed to function redundantly or oppositely in a context-specific manner compared with YY1. Despite its functional importance, how YY2’s DNA-binding activity and function are regulated, particularly by PTMs, remains completely unknown. Here we report the first PTM with functional characterization on YY2, namely lysine 247 monomethylation (K247me1), which was found to be dynamically regulated by SET7/9 and LSD1 both in vitro and in cultured cells. Functional study revealed that SET7/9-mediated YY2 methylation regulated its DNA-binding activity in vitro and in association with chromatin examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with sequencing (ChIP-seq) in cultured cells. Knockout of YY2, SET7/9 or LSD1 by CRISPR (clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats)/Cas9-mediated gene editing followed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that a subset of genes was positively regulated by YY2 and SET7/9, but negatively regulated by LSD1, which were enriched with genes involved in cell proliferation regulation. Importantly, YY2-regulated gene transcription, cell proliferation and tumor growth were dependent, at least partially, on YY2 K247 methylation. Finally, somatic mutations on YY2 found in cancer, which are in close proximity to K247, altered its methylation, DNA-binding activity and gene transcription it controls. Our findings revealed the first PTM with functional implications imposed on YY2 protein, and linked YY2 methylation with its biological functions.
Individual-level trait diversity predicts phytoplankton community properties better than species richness or evenness
Authors: Fontana Simone , Thomas Mridul Kanianthara , Moldoveanu Mirela , Spaak Piet , Pomati Francesco 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Understanding how microbial diversity influences ecosystem properties is of paramount importance. Cellular traits—which determine responses to the abiotic and biotic environment—may help us rigorously link them. However, our capacity to measure traits in natural communities has thus far been limited. Here we compared the predictive power of trait richness (trait space coverage), evenness (regularity in trait distribution) and divergence (prevalence of extreme phenotypes) derived from individual-based measurements with two species-level metrics (taxonomic richness and evenness) when modelling the productivity of natural phytoplankton communities. Using phytoplankton data obtained from 28 lakes sampled at different spatial and temporal scales, we found that the diversity in individual-level morphophysiological traits strongly improved our ability to predict community resource-use and biomass yield. Trait evenness—the regularity in distribution of individual cells/colonies within the trait space—was the strongest predictor, exhibiting a robust negative relationship across scales. Our study suggests that quantifying individual microbial phenotypes in trait space may help us understand how to link physiology to ecosystem-scale processes. Elucidating the mechanisms scaling individual-level trait variation to microbial community dynamics could there improve our ability to forecast changes in ecosystem properties across environmental gradients.
A global database on freshwater fish species occurrence in drainage basins
Authors: Tedesco Pablo A. , Beauchard Olivier , Bigorne Rémy , Blanchet Simon , Buisson Laëtitia , Conti Lorenza , Cornu Jean-François , Dias Murilo S. , Grenouillet Gaël , Hugueny Bernard , Jézéquel Céline , Leprieur Fabien , Brosse Sébastien , Oberdorff Thierry 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA growing interest is devoted to global-scale approaches in ecology and evolution that examine patterns and determinants of species diversity and the threats resulting from global change. These analyses obviously require global datasets of species distribution. Freshwater systems house a disproportionately high fraction of the global fish diversity considering the small proportion of the earth’s surface that they occupy, and are one of the most threatened habitats on Earth. Here we provide complete species lists for 3119 drainage basins covering more than 80% of the Earth surface using 14953 fish species inhabiting permanently or occasionally freshwater systems. The database results from an extensive survey of native and non-native freshwater fish species distribution based on 1436 published papers, books, grey literature and web-based sources. Alone or in combination with further datasets on species biological and ecological characteristics and their evolutionary history, this database represents a highly valuable source of information for further studies on freshwater macroecology, macroevolution, biogeography and conservation.
Survey data on Vietnamese propensity to attend periodic general health examinations
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAs general living standards rise, so does the demand for periodic general health examinations (GHEs). Research on the subject, however, has reached opposing conclusions on the value of GHEs, although methodological limitations in previous works make these differences hard to resolve. Here, we present data from a socio-demographic survey of behaviours and tendencies concerning periodic GHE attendance in Vietnam. These data are shown to be suitable for evaluating the impact of demographic and socio-economic elements on regular health examinations. By presenting the methods used in this survey and by describing the enquiries mentioned in the dataset, this article aims to promote data-collecting methodologies that can help policy-makers and health communicators derive practical conclusions.
High-resolution near real-time drought monitoring in South Asia
Authors: Aadhar Saran , Mishra Vimal 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDrought in South Asia affect food and water security and pose challenges for millions of people. For policy-making, planning, and management of water resources at sub-basin or administrative levels, high-resolution datasets of precipitation and air temperature are required in near-real time. We develop a high-resolution (0.05°) bias-corrected precipitation and temperature data that can be used to monitor near real-time drought conditions over South Asia. Moreover, the dataset can be used to monitor climatic extremes (heat and cold waves, dry and wet anomalies) in South Asia. A distribution mapping method was applied to correct bias in precipitation and air temperature, which performed well compared to the other bias correction method based on linear scaling. Bias-corrected precipitation and temperature data were used to estimate Standardized precipitation index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to assess the historical and current drought conditions in South Asia. We evaluated drought severity and extent against the satellite-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) anomalies and satellite-driven Drought Severity Index (DSI) at 0.05°. The bias-corrected high-resolution data can effectively capture observed drought conditions as shown by the satellite-based drought estimates. High resolution near real-time dataset can provide valuable information for decision-making at district and sub-basin levels.
Linking FANTOM5 CAGE peaks to annotations with CAGEscan
Authors: Bertin Nicolas , Mendez Mickaël , Hasegawa Akira , Lizio Marina , Abugessaisa Imad , Severin Jessica , Sakai-Ohno Mizuho , Lassmann Timo , Kasukawa Takeya , Kawaji Hideya , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Forrest Alistair R. R. , Carninci Piero , Plessy Charles 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe FANTOM5 expression atlas is a quantitative measurement of the activity of nearly 200,000 promoter regions across nearly 2,000 different human primary cells, tissue types and cell lines. Generation of this atlas was made possible by the use of CAGE, an experimental approach to localise transcription start sites at single-nucleotide resolution by sequencing the 5′ ends of capped RNAs after their conversion to cDNAs. While 50% of CAGE-defined promoter regions could be confidently associated to adjacent transcriptional units, nearly 100,000 promoter regions remained gene-orphan. To address this, we used the CAGEscan method, in which random-primed 5′-cDNAs are paired-end sequenced. Pairs starting in the same region are assembled in transcript models called CAGEscan clusters. Here, we present the production and quality control of CAGEscan libraries from 56 FANTOM5 RNA sources, which enhances the FANTOM5 expression atlas by providing experimental evidence associating core promoter regions with their cognate transcripts.
Predicting the Future: A Case Study in Prognostication
Authors: Flipsen Peter 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Clinicians are regularly asked to make long-term prognoses. The aim of the current report was to present one systematic approach to doing so. A case example from a malpractice case involving a child fitted with a cochlear implant was presented. Implantation occurred at age 17 months (activation 1 month later), but due to a procedural error, the implant was not functional for 19 months. The problem was ultimately rectified, but the legal case hinged largely on whether the child would be able to make up for the lost time.

Method
A review of the literature on long-term outcomes in children with cochlear implants was conducted. Using 4 studies measuring outcomes 7–10 years later, outcomes were compared between children implanted at age 17–18 months and those implanted at age 36–37 months.

Results
Analysis suggested no potential impact on nonverbal cognitive skills. However, analysis in the areas of speech perception, word comprehension, speech intelligibility, and reading suggested that after 7–10 years, this child would potentially continue to be approximately 1–2 years behind where she might otherwise have been.

Conclusions
This case illustrated the possibility of deriving a long-term prognosis using a systematic examination of the existing outcomes literature. Such an approach is consistent with our mandate to engage in evidence-based practice.
Design of high‐Q CMOS active inductors‐based Wilkinson power divider for automotive radar application
Authors: Yadav R. , Dahiya P.K. , Mishra R. 
Published: October 2017

A novel CMOS active inductors‐based Wilkinson power divider for automotive radar application is proposed and designed in a standard 45 nm CMOS technology. The proposed power divider is based on T‐network of the series‐MOS capacitor and active shunt‐inductor which provide higher inductance tuning ranges, lower power consumption, and higher self‐resonant frequency. Simulation analysis of the proposed power divider is carried out over virtuoso SpectreRF tool by Cadence. The circuit consumes a total power of 51.2 μW from a 1.5 V power supply; 11.5 × 9.5 μm2 layout area and the return loss of the circuit at 76.5 GHz frequency are 43.5 dB. Moreover, the isolation between two output ports and insertion losses between input and output ports are 30 and 3.4 dB, respectively. The results show that the proposed design is efficient for long range automotive radar application.
Method for selecting coupling and by‐pass capacitors in multi‐stage linear circuits
Authors: Prodanov Vladimir I. , Dolan Dale S. 
Published: October 2017

A method for selecting a set of coupling and by‐pass capacitors is presented. The approach uses short‐circuit time‐constant analysis and for a given −3 dB cut‐off frequency minimises the total capacitance used. This study offers a derivation of design formulas and shows their use via examples.
Impact of Two Attendings on the Outcomes of Microvascular Limb Reconstruction
Authors: Heidekrueger Paul , Ninkovic Milomir , Broer P. , Ehrl Denis 
Published: October 2017

Background Free tissue transfers are routinely performed for extremity reconstruction. In an era of increasing economic pressure in many healthcare systems, efficiency needs to be optimized for any kind of operative procedure. This study is examining the possible benefit of a two-attending approach to microsurgical reconstruction of the limbs using antero-lateral thigh- (ALT) or gracilis-muscle flaps at a major academic microsurgical center.
Methods 309 patients underwent 392 free ALT- (206) or gracilis-muscle (186) flaps for limb defect reconstruction at our institution (2009–2015). All available data was retrospectively screened for patients' demographics, perioperative details, surgical complications, and overall flap survival. The cases were divided into two groups according to the number of operating microsurgeons: one versus two attendings.
Results No significant differences existed between the two groups (341 “one attending” versus 51 “two attendings”) regarding preoperative comorbidities. Overall, there was no significant difference between both groups regarding operative times, revision surgery rates, total as well as partial flap loss, and hospital length of stay (p > 0.05) during the 3-month follow-up period. Further, evaluating ALT and gracilis flaps separately also showed no significant differences between both groups (one versus two attendings).
Conclusion The addition of a second operating attending does not significantly shorten surgery times, hospital length of stay, need for revision surgery, or complications rates. A two-operation surgeon approach may therefore only provide a marginal benefit in microsurgical limb reconstruction.