bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature Domestic Wastewater Treatment in a Microbial Electrolysis Cell with 1 m2 Anodes: Towards System Scale‐Up
Authors: Cotterill S. E. , Dolfing J. , Jones C. , Curtis T. P. , Heidrich E. S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe potential benefits of applying microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) technology to wastewater treatment are clear and profound. Previous pilot studies have demonstrated a ‘proof of concept' with domestic waste at ambient temperatures, but have not yet treated waste to required discharge standards, and have not reached energy neutrality. In addition, these reactors have been many orders of magnitude smaller than would be needed for full scale wastewater treatment plants. Scale‐up affects many of the parameters that underpin performance; understanding its impact will be vital to further progress. Modifying a previously tested cassette‐style design, we reduced the internal resistance, and increased the module size by a factor of 16, constructing an MEC with six 1 m2 anodes. This created an anodic surface area to volume ratio of 34 m2 m−3. The system was operated at a hydraulic retention time of 5 hours on settled domestic wastewater for 217 days, producing more current than a scaled‐down reactor, which was run in parallel. The large MEC produced 0.8 L of 93% pure H2 d−1 at ambient winter temperatures (11.4 ± 2.5 °C). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal averaged 63.5% with an average effluent quality of 124.7 mgCOD L−1, achieving the European Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (1991) consent.
Globalisation and national trends in nutrition and health: A grouped fixed‐effects approach to intercountry heterogeneity
Authors: Oberlander Lisa , Disdier Anne‐Célia , Etilé Fabrice 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUsing a panel dataset of 70 countries spanning 42 years (1970–2011), we investigate the distinct effects of social globalisation and trade openness on national trends in markers of diet quality (supplies of animal proteins, free fats and sugar, average body mass index, and diabetes prevalence). Our key methodological contribution is the application of a grouped fixed‐effects estimator, which extends linear fixed‐effects models. The grouped fixed‐effects estimator partitions our sample into distinct groups of countries in order to control for time‐varying unobserved heterogeneity that follows a group‐specific pattern. We find that increasing social globalisation has a significant impact on the supplies of animal protein and sugar available for human consumption, as well as on mean body mass index. Specific components of social globalisation such as information flows (via television and the Internet) drive these results. Trade openness has no effect on dietary outcomes or health. These findings suggest that the social and cultural aspects of globalisation should receive greater attention in research on the nutrition transition.
SDF‐1α peptide tethered polyester facilitates tissue repair by endogenous cell mobilization and recruitment
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad , Kong Deling , Kim Soo Hyun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe design of bioactive scaffolds that can invoke host's own regenerative capabilities and facilitate endogenous tissue repair hold great promise. This study aims to evaluate the potential of stromal cell‐derived factor 1 alpha (SDF‐1α)‐derived peptide and heparin tethered poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLCL) copolymers for blood vessel regeneration applications. Amino acid analysis and toluidine blue assays confirm successful conjugation of SDF‐1α peptide and heparin with the PLCL copolymers. Assessment of biocompatibility after subcutaneous implantation in rats discloses higher cell infiltration in SDF‐1α peptide (SDF‐1 group) or SDF‐1 peptide and heparin (SDF‐1/heparin group) than the control group. SDF‐1 and SDF‐1/heparin grafts also show more numbers of laminin+ blood vessels, CD90+ stem cells, and alpha smooth muscle actin+ cells than the control group. However, SDF‐1 and SDF‐1/heparin groups did not significantly differ in terms of blood vessel regeneration and stem cell recruitment. Evaluation of the inflammatory response reveal less numbers of CD68+ macrophages in SDF‐1 and SDF‐1/heparin groups compared with the control group; whereas three groups show similar numbers of CD206+ macrophages. These results indicate that completely synthetic, cell‐free grafts can attract endogenous cells and enhance tissue repair. Bioactive polyesters can be fabricated into different shapes and structures for various tissue engineering applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomater Res Part A: 105A: 2670–2684, 2017
Ascochlorin Suppresses MMP‐2‐Mediated Migration and Invasion by Targeting FAK and JAK‐STAT Signaling Cascades
Authors: Cho Hyun‐Ji , Park Ji‐Hyun , Nam Jin Han , Chang Young‐Chae , Park Byoungduck , Hoe Hyang‐Sook 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTHuman glioblastomas express higher levels of matrix metalloprotease‐2 (MMP‐2) than low‐grade brain tumors and normal brain tissues. Ascochlorin (ASC) has anti‐metastatic, anti‐angiogenic, and synergistic effect in various types of cancer cells. However, it remains unknown whether ASC can affect cell migration and invasion in malignant human glioma cells. In this study, we found that ASC indeed inhibits cell migration and invasion in U373MG and A172. ASC significantly suppresses the MMP‐2 gelatinolytic activity and expression in U373MG and A172. To determine the molecular mechanism by which ASC suppressed cell migration and invasion, we investigated whether ASC could modulate metastasis via focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling, a potential drug target. ASC strongly inhibits the phosphorylation of FAK, and treatment with a FAK inhibitor significantly suppresses cancer cell migration in the presence of ASC. In addition, ASC significantly decreased phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3, cancer cell migration and nuclear translocation of STAT3. Taken together, these results suggest that ASC inhibits cell migration and invasion by blocking FAK and JAK/STAT signaling, resulting in reduced MMP‐2 activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 300–313, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum miR‐146a, miR‐155, and miR‐210 as potential markers of Graves’ disease
Authors: Zheng Lei , Zhuang Chunbo , Wang Xiaobei , Ming Liang 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that dysfunctional regulatory T cells (Tregs) may be associated with Graves’ disease (GD). In this study, we evaluated four serum Treg‐associated miRNAs (miR‐210, miR‐182, miR‐155, and miR‐146a) expressions and assessed the potential of serum miRNAs as biomarkers of GD.MethodsFoxp3 and serum miRNAs expressions both in GD patients and healthy controls were measured by RT‐PCR.ResultsSerum miR‐210 in GD patients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (2.64‐fold, P<.001); in contrast, miR‐155 and miR‐146a were lower (P<.001 and P=.008). No significant difference was found in miR‐182. ROC curve analysis indicated that miR‐210, miR‐155, and miR‐146a with the area under ROC (AUC) of 0.803 (70.0% sensitivity and 83.1% specificity), 0.796 (76.3% sensitivity and 76.9% specificity), and 0.736 (68.8% sensitivity and 73.8% specificity), respectively, could differentiate GD patients from healthy controls. Combination of three miRNAs yielded an AUC of 0.976 (91.3% sensitivity and 93.8% specificity) with 92.41% diagnostic efficiency. In addition, serum miR‐210 and miR‐155 in GD were associated with the extent of goiter. Three miRNAs levels were different by gender. Besides, serum miR‐210 was positively correlated with free thyroxine (FT4) and thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb) level.ConclusionThe serum levels of miR‐210, miR‐155, and miR‐146a may be potential new markers for the diagnosis of GD and play important roles in GD pathogenesis.
Incidental positive lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid cancer is independently associated with recurrent disease
Authors: Kluijfhout Wouter P. , Drake Frederick T. , Pasternak Jesse D. , Beninato Toni , Vriens Menno R. , Shen Wen T. , Gosnell Jessica E. , Liu Chienying , Suh Insoo , Duh Quan‐Yang 
Published: June 2017

Background and ObjectivesPathological examination occasionally reveals incidental central lymph nodes metastasis (iLNM) after thyroidectomy for patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) who did not undergo compartment‐orientated lymphadenectomy. We aimed to investigate the risk of recurrence for patients with iLNM.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for PTC (January 2000 to January 2010). Patients with distant metastases, central‐ or lateral neck dissection and pre‐operative suspicious lymph nodes (by ultrasound or clinical examination) were excluded. The association between iLNM and recurrent disease was investigated using Kaplan‐Meier survival estimates and Cox proportional hazards analysis.Results225/1000 patients had incidental nodes after total thyroidectomy for PTC. 183 were node‐negative and 42 had iLNM. Mean age was 46 years and 201 (89%) were women. Mean number of resected nodes was 2.3. Disease recurred in 8/183 (4.4%) of patients with N0 versus 7/42 (17%) with iLNM. After adjusting for other factors, iLNM was independently associated with recurrent disease (hazard ratio = 4.01 [95% CI 1.21–13.3]).ConclusionsPositive incidental lymph nodes are independently associated with recurrent disease in patients with PTC. These patients should therefore be monitored more carefully.
Caspase14 expression is associated with triple negative phenotypes and cancer stem cell marker expression in breast cancer patients
Authors: Handa Tadashi , Katayama Ayaka , Yokobori Takehiko , Yamane Arito , Horiguchi Jun , Kawabata‐Iwakawa Reika , Rokudai Susumu , Bao Pinjie , Gombodorj Navchaa , Altan Bolag , Kaira Kyoichi , Asao Takayuki , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Nishiyama Masahiko , Oyama Tetsunari 
Published: June 2017

Background and ObjectivesThe Caspase14 (CASP14) was reported that the low expression of CASP14 in ovarian cancer and colon cancer was associated with cancer progression, on the other hand, that the CASP14 expression in breast cancer was higher than that of non‐cancerous tissues. The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical significance of CASP14 in breast cancer.MethodsWe performed immunohistochemistry for CASP14, ER, PgR, HER2, Ki67, EGFR, CK5/6, CD44, CD24, ALDH1, claudins, and androgen receptor in 222 breast cancer patients including 55 TNBC cases, and evaluated the relationship of CASP14, above‐mentioned markers, and prognosis. Using public microarray database of breast cancer, the prognostic value of CASP14 was calculated.ResultsHigh CASP14 expression was significantly associated with TNBC subtype (P = 0.015), nuclear grade (P = 0.006), Ki67, EGFR (P < 0.001, P = 0.016), ALDH1, CD44 and CD24 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.001) in 222 breast cancer cases, and the high expression of claudin1 (P = 0.017), and androgen receptor (P = 0.002) in TNBC cases was related to the high CASP14. According to the public database, survival in the high CASP14 breast cancer patients was shorter than low CASP14 patients.ConclusionsHigh CASP14 expression is a marker of breast cancer aggressiveness in association with proliferation, TNBC phenotype, and cancer stemness.
Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition inducer Snail1 and invasive potential of intraductal breast cancer
Authors: Szynglarewicz Bartlomiej , Kasprzak Piotr , Donizy Piotr , Biecek Przemyslaw , Halon Agnieszka , Matkowski Rafal 
Published: June 2017

Background and ObjectivesTranscription factor Snail1 is a key inducer of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), a biological process implicated in the cancer progression and metastasis. The aim of the study was to investigate Snail1 expression in DCIS found on breast biopsy and assess its predictive value for the final invasion.MethodsA total of 209 patients with histologically diagnosed pure DCIS entered the study. Snail1 reactivity was evaluated with immunohistochemistry in tumor tissue from stereotactic vacuum‐assisted biopsy of suspicious microcalcifications.ResultsSnail1 staining was observed in 62% of tumors: weak, intermediate, and strong in 27%, 21%, and 14% of lesions, respectively. Positive Snail1 expression was significantly rarer in DCIS presenting as powdery microcalcifications, when compared with crushed stone‐like and casting‐type and was more common in DCIS with comedonecrosis. Correlation with other features was not significant. None of standard parameters significantly influenced the upgrading rate. In contrast, in uni‐ and multivariate analysis the risk of postoperative invasion was significantly associated with positive Snail1 immunoreactivity. Moreover, there was a significant stepwise increase of upgrading rate according to Snail1 expression in DCIS cells: weak 9%, intermediate 26%, and strong 55%, respectively.ConclusionsSnail1 can reflect the invasive potential of DCIS and help identify its more aggressive subtypes.
A Sustainability Assessment Framework for Agricultural Land Remediation in China
Authors: Hou Deyi , Ding Zhenyu , Li Guanghe , Wu Longhua , Hu Pengjie , Guo Guanlin , Wang Xingrun , Ma Yan , O'Connor David , Wang Xianghui 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChina has an extensive agricultural land degradation issue due to pollution, with 19·4% of its agricultural land being contaminated. The government has released an ambitious Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation Action Plan, aiming to remediate millions of hectares of contaminated agricultural land within the next several years. Amongst the many challenges facing the Action Plan, there is a need to assess the sustainability of these actions, especially in arid and semi‐arid regions where rehabilitation of degraded land is particularly challenging. There is a growing body of literature addressing the sustainability of remediation at industrial sites, but the remediation of agricultural land involves different sustainability concerns and, therefore, different indicators. To help address this issue, we propose a framework, which encompasses four impact categories, 11 subcategories, and 32 indicators, to assess the sustainability of agricultural land remediation. The proposed sustainability assessment framework was applied to five cases of agricultural land remediation, and the implications to policy makers and practitioners are discussed. An in‐depth life cycle assessment was also conducted for the remediation of agricultural land in an arid region of northern China. This study suggests that agricultural land remediation projects in China need to pay more attention to social aspects of sustainability and provide further scientific evidence to prove agricultural sustainability. It is imperative to conduct scientific research and develop policy instruments to progress life cycle sustainability in agricultural land remediation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical modeling of the churning power losses in planetary gearboxes: An innovative partitioning‐based meshing methodology for the application of a computational effort reduction strategy to complex gearbox configurations
Authors: Concli Franco , Gorla Carlo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThanks to the recent developments in the computer science, simulations are becoming an increasingly widespread approach that can help the designers in the development of new products. In the specific field of gearboxes, simulations are used mainly for structural evaluations. However, while for the structural design beside the simulations, many analytical methods and international standard are available; for the prediction of the power losses and the efficiency of gears, neither accurate analytical methods nor automated simulation tools are available. The authors work on this topic since years and have developed new methodologies based on computational fluid dynamics. With respect to general purpose commercial software, these techniques allow a significant reduction of the computational effort and have the capability to take into account particular physical phenomena that occurs in gears, such as cavitation, and for which no information are available in literature. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new automated mesh‐partitioning strategy implemented to extend the applicability of the previously developed computational effort reduction method to complex gearboxes getting over the geometrical limitations adopted in the past. To show the capabilities of this new strategy, we simulated a planetary gearbox that represents at the same time one of the most complicated kinematic arrangements of gears and the configuration for which the numerical fluid dynamics simulation can give the major contribution both with planar simplified models as well as with complete 3D models.
A clinically validated prediction method for facial soft‐tissue changes following double‐jaw surgery
Authors: Kim Daeseung , Ho Dennis Chun‐Yu , Mai Huaming , Zhang Xiaoyan , Shen Steve G.F. , Shen Shunyao , Yuan Peng , Liu Siting , Zhang Guangming , Zhou Xiaobo , Gateno Jaime , Liebschner Michael A.K. , Xia James J. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeIt is clinically important to accurately predict facial soft‐tissue changes prior to orthognathic surgery. However, the current simulation methods are problematic, especially in anatomic regions of clinical significance, e.g., the nose, lips, and chin. We developed a new 3‐stage finite element method (FEM) approach that incorporates realistic tissue sliding to improve such prediction.MethodsIn Stage One, soft‐tissue change was simulated, using FEM with patient‐specific mesh models generated from our previously developed eFace template. Postoperative bone movement was applied on the patient mesh model with standard FEM boundary conditions. In Stage Two, the simulation was improved by implementing sliding effects between gum tissue and teeth using a nodal force constraint scheme. In Stage Three, the result of the tissue sliding effect was further enhanced by reassigning the soft‐tissue‐bone mapping and boundary conditions using nodal spatial constraint. Finally, our methods have been quantitatively and qualitatively validated using 40 retrospectively evaluated patient cases by comparing it to the traditional FEM method and the FEM with sliding effect, using a nodal force constraint method.ResultsThe results showed that our method was better than the other two methods. Using our method, the quantitative distance errors between predicted and actual patient surfaces for the entire face and any subregions thereof were below 1.5 mm. The overall soft‐tissue change prediction was accurate to within 1.1 ± 0.3 mm, with the accuracy around the upper and lower lip regions of 1.2 ± 0.7 mm and 1.5 ± 0.7 mm, respectively. The results of qualitative evaluation completed by clinical experts showed an improvement of 46% in acceptance rate compared to the traditional FEM simulation. More than 80% of the result of our approach was considered acceptable in comparison with 55% and 50% following the other two methods.ConclusionThe FEM simulation method with improved sliding effect showed significant accuracy improvement in the whole face and the clinically significant regions (i.e., nose and lips) in comparison with the other published FEM methods, with or without sliding effect using a nodal force constraint. The qualitative validation also proved the clinical feasibility of the developed approach.
Coulomb‐Explosion‐Imaging – ein Werkzeug für die Analytik?
Authors: Pitzer Martin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEnergien und Emissionsrichtungen mehrerer Fragmente aus einem Molekülaufbruch geben Hinweise auf die Molekülstruktur. Nun ist es gelungen, mit diesem Ansatz die Enantiomere einiger Moleküle zu unterscheiden.
Bilanzen 2016: Mehr Umweltschutz, mehr Forschung, mehr Geräte
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDie deutschen Hersteller von Labortechnik und Analysengeräten rechnen damit, dass ihr Geschäft weiter wächst – in Schwellenländen wie im Inland. Als Risiken für die Branche gelten vor allem der Brexit sowie die Handelspolitik der US‐Regierung.
Farbspiel in Redoxflussbatterien
Authors: Novotny Jana , Quarthal Dominik , Oetken Marco 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMit Metallelektroden, farbigen Elektrolyten und einer Kunststoffspritze aus der Medizintechnik lassen sich kostengünstige Hybrid‐Redoxflussbatterien für den Chemieunterricht an Schulen einfach realisieren. Durch diesen Aufbau ist es möglich, Elektrolyte in wenigen Minuten zu laden und zu entladen und damit eine elektrochemische Reaktion über einen Farbwechsel sichtbar zu machen.
Ferrocen‐Chemiker treffen sich in Mainz
Authors: Förster Christoph , Heinze Katja 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEnde Februar 2017 fand das fünfzehnte Ferrocene Colloquium am Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie der Universität Mainz statt. Organisiert hatten die Veranstaltung Katja Heinze, Professorin für anorganische Chemie, und ihr Mitarbeiter Christoph Förster, akademischer Oberrat. Mehr als 140 Wissenschaftler aus 12 Ländern nahmen an dem Treffen teil und präsentierten in 5 Keynote‐Lectures und 33 Vorträgen sowie auf 55 Postern Forschungsergebnisse aus Ferrocen‐, Metallocen‐ und Organometallchemie.
Die Welt des Postfaktischen – ein Widerwort aus der Wissenschaft
Authors: Hopf Henning 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDer „Marsch für die Wissenschaft“, der am 22. April weltweit stattfand, war ein Ereignis ohne Vorbild. Warum haben die im Allgemeinen doch recht zurückgezogen arbeitenden und ruhigen Wissenschaftler ihre Laboratorien und Büros verlassen, um ihre Sorgen auf der Straße kundzutun?
Erfolgreiches Ende einer Wanderschaft
Authors: Schulte Kerstin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDie interaktive Wanderausstellung „T‐Shirts, Tüten und Tenside – Die Ausstellung zur Nachhaltigen Chemie“ lockte in den vergangenen fünf Jahren über 330 000 Besucher an. Für die nächsten zwei Jahre ist nun ein Standort gefunden.
A two‐invariant pseudoelastic model for reservoir compaction
Authors: Spiezia N. , Ferronato M. , Janna C. , Teatini P. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryPredicting the deformations of deep reservoirs due to fluid withdrawal/injection is a challenging task that could have important environmental, social, and economical impacts. Finite element models, if endowed with an appropriate constitutive law, represent a useful tool for computing the displacements, the deformations, and the stress distributions in reservoir applications. Several studies show that hypoelastic laws, based on a stress‐dependent vertical compressibility, are able to provide accurate results, confirmed by in situ and satellite measurements. On the other hand, such laws present some weaknesses related to the numerical implementation, in particular due to the nonsymmetry of the tangent operator. This paper presents a new constitutive model based on 2 invariants (the mean normal and deviatoric stresses), characterized by a variable pressure‐dependent bulk modulus K. This constitutive law allows for overcoming most shortcomings of the hypoelastic law, although preserving the same accuracy, reliability, and ease of use and calibration. This paper presents a procedure to identify the parameters of the new model, starting from the typically available data on the vertical compressibility. Numerical results show a good agreement between the 2 laws, suggesting the proposed approach as a valid alternative in reservoir applications.
Quinary interactions with an unfolded state ensemble
Authors: Cohen Rachel D. , Pielak Gary J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAnfinsen's thermodynamic hypothesis states that the native three‐dimensional fold of a protein represents the structure with the lowest Gibbs free energy. Changes in the free energy of denaturation can arise from changes to the folded state, the unfolded state, or both. It has been recently recognized that quinary interactions, transient contacts that take place only in cells, can modulate protein stability through interactions involving the folded state. Here we show that the cellular environment can also remodel the unfolded state ensemble.