bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time imaging through strongly scattering media: seeing through turbid media, instantly
Authors: Sudarsanam Sriram , Mathew James , Panigrahi Swapnesh , Fade Julien , Alouini Mehdi , Ramachandran Hema 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNumerous everyday situations like navigation, medical imaging and rescue operations require viewing through optically inhomogeneous media. This is a challenging task as photons propagate predominantly diffusively (rather than ballistically) due to random multiple scattering off the inhomogenieties. Real-time imaging with ballistic light under continuous-wave illumination is even more challenging due to the extremely weak signal, necessitating voluminous data-processing. Here we report imaging through strongly scattering media in real-time and at rates several times the critical flicker frequency of the eye, so that motion is perceived as continuous. Two factors contributed to the speedup of more than three orders of magnitude over conventional techniques - the use of a simplified algorithm enabling processing of data on the fly and the utilisation of task and data parallelization capabilities of typical desktop computers. The extreme simplicity of the technique and its implementation with present day low-cost technology promises its utility in a variety of devices in maritime, aerospace, rail and road transport, in medical imaging and defence. It is of equal interest to the common man and adventure sportsperson like hikers, divers, mountaineers, who frequently encounter situations requiring realtime imaging through obscuring media. As a specific example, navigation under poor visibility is examined.
A plant 35S CaMV promoter induces long-term expression of luciferase in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Seternes Tore , Tonheim Tom C. , Myhr Anne I. , Dalmo Roy A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe long-term persistence and activity of a naked plasmid DNA (pGL3-35S) containing a luc gene (reporter gene) controlled by a plant 35S CaMV promoter was studied in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) after injection. Atlantic salmon (mean weight 70 grams) were injected intramuscularly with 100 μg of plasmid DNA. Blood, different tissues and organs were sampled at different time points up to day 535 after injection. Southern blot analysis suggested the presence of extra-chromosomally open circular, linear and supercoiled topoforms of pGL3-35S at day 150 after injection. At day 536 open circular and supercoiled topoforms were detected. Luciferase activity was detected at the injection site up to 536 days post-injection of pGL3-35S, where it peaked at day 150 and decreased to approximately 17% of its maximum activity by day 536. Our study demonstrated that a plasmid containing the 35S promoter was able to induce expression of a reporter gene/protein in fish in vivo and that the plasmid DNA persisted for a prolonged time after intramuscular injection.
Model-Based Feasibility Assessment of Membrane Biofilm Reactor to Achieve Simultaneous Ammonium, Dissolved Methane, and Sulfide Removal from Anaerobic Digestion Liquor
Authors: Chen Xueming , Liu Yiwen , Peng Lai , Yuan Zhiguo , Ni Bing-Jie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this study, the membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) is proposed to achieve simultaneous removal of ammonium, dissolved methane, and sulfide from main-stream and side-stream anaerobic digestion liquors. To avoid dissolved methane stripping, oxygen is introduced through gas-permeable membranes, which also from the substratum for the growth of a biofilm likely comprising ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB), anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) bacteria, denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) microorganisms, aerobic methane oxidizing bacteria (MOB), and sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB). A mathematical model is developed and applied to assess the feasibility of such a system and the associated microbial community structure under different operational conditions. The simulation studies demonstrate the feasibility of achieving high-level (>97.0%), simultaneous removal of ammonium, dissolved methane, and sulfide in the MBfRs from both main-stream and side-stream anaerobic digestion liquors through adjusting the influent surface loading (or hydraulic retention time (HRT)) and the oxygen surface loading. The optimal HRT was found to be inversely proportional to the corresponding oxygen surface loading. Under the optimal operational conditions, AOB, DAMO bacteria, MOB, and SOB dominate the biofilm of the main-stream MBfR, while AOB, Anammox bacteria, DAMO bacteria, and SOB coexist in the side-stream MBfR to remove ammonium, dissolved methane, and sulfide simultaneously.
Mechanism of stress-driven composition evolution during hetero-epitaxy in a ternary AlGaN system
Authors: He Chenguang , Qin Zhixin , Xu Fujun , Zhang Lisheng , Wang Jiaming , Hou Mengjun , Zhang Shan , Wang Xinqiang , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTwo AlGaN samples with different strain were designed to investigate mechanism of stress-driven composition evolution. It is discovered that AlGaN grown on AlN or (AlN/GaN superlattices (SLs))/GaN both consist of two distinct regions with different compositions: transition region and uniform region, which is attributed to the compositional pulling effect. The formation of the transition region is due to the partial stress release caused by the generation of misfit dislocations near the hetero-interface. And the Al composition in the uniform region depends on the magnitude of residual strain. The difference in relaxation degree is 80.5% for the AlGaN epilayers grown on different underlayers, leading to a large Al composition difference of 22%. The evolutionary process of Al composition along [0001] direction was investigated in detail.
Solar pacing of storm surges, coastal flooding and agricultural losses in the Central Mediterranean
Authors: Kaniewski David , Marriner Nick , Morhange Christophe , Faivre Sanja , Otto Thierry , Van Campo Elise 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStorm surges, leading to catastrophic coastal flooding, are amongst the most feared natural hazards due to the high population densities and economic importance of littoral areas. Using the Central Mediterranean Sea as a model system, we provide strong evidence for enhanced periods of storminess leading to coastal flooding during the last 4500 years. We show that long-term correlations can be drawn between storminess and solar activity, acting on cycles of around 2200-yr and 230-yr. We also find that phases of increased storms and coastal flooding have impacted upon mid- to late Holocene agricultural activity on the Adriatic coast. Based on the general trend observed during the second half of the 20th century, climate models are predicting a weakening of Mediterranean storminess. By contrast, our new data suggest that a decrease in solar activity will increase and intensify the risk of frequent flooding in coastal areas.
Tai Chi for Chronic Pain Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kong Ling Jun , Lauche Romy , Klose Petra , Bu Jiang Hui , Yang Xiao Cun , Guo Chao Qing , Dobos Gustav , Cheng Ying Wu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSeveral studies reported that Tai Chi showed potential effects for chronic pain, but its role remains controversial. This review assessed the evidence regarding the effects of Tai Chi for chronic pain conditions. 18 randomized controlled trials were included in our review. The aggregated results have indicated that Tai Chi showed positive evidence on immediate relief of chronic pain from osteoarthritis (standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.54; 95% confidence intervals [CI], −0.77 to −0.30; P < 0.05). The valid duration of Tai Chi practice for osteoarthritis may be more than 5 weeks. And there were some beneficial evidences regarding the effects of Tai Chi on immediate relief of chronic pain from low back pain (SMD, −0.81; 95% CI, −1.11 to −0.52; P < 0.05) and osteoporosis (SMD, −0.83; 95% CI, −1.37 to −0.28; P = 0.003). Therefore, clinicians may consider Tai Chi as a viable complementary and alternative medicine for chronic pain conditions.
Pleiotropy between neuroticism and physical and mental health: findings from 108 038 men and women in UK Biobank
Authors: Gale C R , Hagenaars S P , Davies G , Hill W D , Liewald D C M , Cullen B , Penninx B W ,   International Consortium for Blood Pressure GWAS, CHARGE Consortium Aging and Longevity Group, Boomsma D I , Pell J , McIntosh A M , Smith D J , Deary I J , Harris S E 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPeople with higher levels of neuroticism have an increased risk of several types of mental disorder. Higher neuroticism has also been associated, less consistently, with increased risk of various physical health outcomes. We hypothesised that these associations may, in part, be due to shared genetic influences. We tested for pleiotropy between neuroticism and 17 mental and physical diseases or health traits using linkage disequilibrium regression and polygenic profile scoring. Genetic correlations were derived between neuroticism scores in 108 038 people in the UK Biobank and health-related measures from 14 large genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Summary information for the 17 GWASs was used to create polygenic risk scores for the health-related measures in the UK Biobank participants. Associations between the health-related polygenic scores and neuroticism were examined using regression, adjusting for age, sex, genotyping batch, genotyping array, assessment centre and population stratification. Genetic correlations were identified between neuroticism and anorexia nervosa (rg=0.17), major depressive disorder (rg=0.66) and schizophrenia (rg=0.21). Polygenic risk for several health-related measures were associated with neuroticism, in a positive direction in the case of bipolar disorder, borderline personality, major depressive disorder, negative affect, neuroticism (Genetics of Personality Consortium), schizophrenia, coronary artery disease, and smoking (βbetween 0.009–0.043), and in a negative direction in the case of body mass index (β=−0.0095). A high level of pleiotropy exists between neuroticism and some measures of mental and physical health, particularly major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.
Expression signature of lncRNAs and their potential roles in cardiac fibrosis of post-infarct mice
Authors: Qu Xuefeng , Song Xiaotong , Yuan Wei , Shu You , Wang Yuying , Zhao Xuyun , Gao Ming , Lu Renzhong , Luo Shenjian , Zhao Wei , Zhang Yue , Sun Lihua , Lu Yanjie 
Published: April 2016

The present study aimed to investigate whether long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in cardiac fibrogenesis induced by myocardial infarction (MI). The differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in peri-infarct region of mice 4 weeks after MI were selected for bioinformatic analysis including gene ontology (GO) enrichment, pathway and network analysis. Left ventricular tissue levels of lncRNAs and mRNAs were compared between MI and sham control mice, using a false discovery rate (FDR) of &lt;5%. Out of 55000 lncRNAs detected, 263 were significantly up-regulated and 282 down-regulated. Out of 23000 mRNAs detected, 142 were significantly up-regulated and 67 down-regulated. Among the differentially expressed lncRNAs, 53 were up-regulated by ≥2.0-fold change and 37 down-regulated by ≤0.5-fold change. Nine up-regulated and five down-regulated lncRNAs were randomly selected for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) verification. GO and pathway analyses revealed 173 correlated lncRNA–mRNA pairs for 57 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 20 differentially expressed genes which are related to the development of cardiac fibrosis. We identified TGF-β3 as the top-ranked gene, a critical component of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways in cardiac fibrosis. NONMMUT022554 was identified as the top-ranked lncRNA, positively correlated with six up-regulated genes, which are involved in the extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interactions and the phosphoinositid-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signalling pathway. Our study has identified the expression signature of lncRNAs in cardiac fibrosis induced by MI and unravelled the possible involvement of the deregulated lncRNAs in cardiac fibrosis and the associated pathological processes.
Forkhead box O (FOXO) 3 modulates hypoxia-induced autophagy through AMPK signalling pathway in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Chi Yunpeng , Shi Conghong , Zhao Yang , Guo Chengjun 
Published: April 2016

Autophagy is promoted as a response to such environmental stress conditions as ATP depletion and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Multiple signalling pathways, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), are indicated to promote autophagy in ischaemic/hypoxic (I/R) heart. However, it's far more to clarify the orchestrated cross-talk between AMPK and other signalling pathways in the autophagy. In the present study, we investigated the autophagy induction by hypoxia in Rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes with LC3-EGFP reporter, EM and Western blot analysis. Then, we examined the promotion of forkhead box O (FOXO) 3, one member of FOXO transcriptional protein family, by hypoxia in Rat H9C2 cells and determined the mediation of FOXO 3 in the hypoxia-induced autophagy in H9C2 cells. In addition, we investigated the role of AMPK signalling in the FOXO3-mediated, hypoxia-induced autophagy in H9C2 cells. It was demonstrated that hypoxia induced significant autophagy in H9C2 cells, via promoting autophagic vesicles, inducing the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and up-regulating autophagy-related (ATG) markers. Moreover, FOXO3 was up-regulated by the hypoxia in H9C2 cells; and the knockdown of FOXO3 significantly reduced the hypoxia-induced autophagy. In addition, AMPK signalling was significantly promoted by hypoxia in H9C2 cells, and the chemical manipulation of AMPK exerted significant influence on the hypoxia-induced autophagy and on the FOXO3 level. In conclusion, FOXO3 regulated the hypoxia-induced autophagy in cardiomyocytes, and AMPK mediated the FOXO3 promotion during the autophagy induction by hypoxia, implying the key regulatory role of FOXO3 and AMPK signalling in the hypoxia-induced autophagy in cardiomyocytes.
Tobacco toxins deposited on surfaces (third hand smoke) impair wound healing
Authors: Dhall Sandeep , Alamat Raquelle , Castro Anthony , Sarker Altaf H. , Mao Jian-Hua , Chan Alex , Hang Bo , Martins-Green Manuela 
Published: April 2016

Third hand smoke (THS) is the accumulation of second hand smoke (SHS) toxins on surfaces in homes, cars, clothing and hair of smokers. It is known that 88M US nonsmokers ≥3 years old living in homes of smokers are exposed to THS toxicants and show blood cotinine levels of ≥0.05 ng/ml, indicating that the toxins are circulating in their circulatory systems. The goal of the present study is to investigate the mechanisms by which THS causes impaired wound healing. We show that mice living under conditions that mimic THS exposure in humans display delayed wound closure, impaired collagen deposition, altered inflammatory response, decreased angiogenesis, microvessels with fibrin cuffs and a highly proteolytic wound environment. Moreover, THS-exposed mouse wounds have high levels of oxidative stress and significantly lower levels of antioxidant activity leading to molecular damage, including protein nitration, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage that contribute to tissue dysfunction. Furthermore, we show that elastase is elevated, suggesting that elastin is degraded and the plasticity of the wound tissue is decreased. Taken together, our results lead us to conclude that THS toxicants delay and impair wound healing by disrupting the sequential processes that lead to normal healing. In addition, the lack of elastin results in loss of wound plasticity, which may be responsible for reopening of wounds.
Postextubation Dysphagia in Critical Patients: A First Report From the Largest Step-Down Intensive Care Unit in Greece
Authors: Malandraki Georgia A. , Markaki Vasiliki , Georgopoulos Voula C. , Psychogios Loukia , Nanas Serafim 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This study provided preliminary data on the occurrence and impact of postextubation dysphagia in the largest Greek step-down intensive care unit (ICU) over 2 years.

Method
A retrospective observational cohort study of patients referred for swallowing assessment postextubation was conducted from November, 2011, to August, 2013.

Results

Of the 357 patients admitted to the unit during this period, 87, aged 55.8 ± 18.1 years (61 male, 26 female), were referred and evaluated. Of these, 2.3% were found to have no dysphagia, and 21.8% and 75.9% were diagnosed with mild and moderate/severe dysphagia, respectively. Across severity levels, 23% of patients in the unit were found to have dysphagia. Patients with moderate/severe dysphagia were more likely to have had prolonged intubation (> 48 hr;
p
= .02) and exhibit signs of aspiration (
p
= .002) than those with no or mild dysphagia. Prolonged intubation was associated with increased likelihood of moderate/severe dysphagia by a factor of 12 (
p
= .042, odds ratio = 12.355) compared to short intubation. Moderate/severe dysphagia was correlated with pneumonia (
p
= .02), feeding tube placement (
p
= .004) and in-hospital mortality (
p
= .034).

Conclusion
In this sample, moderate/severe dysphagia was correlated with prolonged intubation, and was found to increase the risk for pneumonia and in-hospital mortality. Our results suggest the importance of early dysphagia management in critical patients in Greece and globally.
Test-Retest of Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials (P300) with Pure Tone and Speech Stimuli
Authors: Perez Ana , Ziliotto Karin , Pereira Liliane 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Long latency auditory evoked potentials, especially P300, have been used for clinical evaluation of mental processing. Many factors can interfere with Auditory Evoked Potential - P300 results, suggesting large intra and inter-subject variations.
Objective The objective of the study was to identify the reliability of P3 components (latency and amplitude) over 4–6 weeks and the most stable auditory stimulus with the best test-retest agreement.
Methods Ten normal-hearing women participated in the study. Only subjects without auditory processing problems were included. To determine the P3 components, we elicited long latency auditory evoked potential (P300) by pure tone and speech stimuli, and retested after 4–6 weeks using the same parameters. We identified P300 latency and amplitude by waveform subtraction.
Results We found lower coefficient of variation values in latency than in amplitude, with less variability analysis when speech stimulus was used. There was no significant correlation in latency measures between pure tone and speech stimuli, and sessions. There was a significant intrasubject correlation between measures of latency and amplitude.
Conclusion These findings show that amplitude responses are more robust for the speech stimulus when compared with its pure tone counterpart. The P300 indicated stability for latency and amplitude measures when the test-retest was applied. Reliability was higher for amplitude than for latency, with better agreement when the pure tone stimulus was used. However, further research with speech stimulus is needed to clarify how these stimuli are processed by the nervous system.
Flourishing as a dialectical balance: emerging insights from second-wave positive psychology
Authors: Lomas Tim 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPositive psychology, an emergent branch of scholarship concerned with wellbeing and flourishing, initially defined itself by a focus on “positive” emotions and qualities. However, critics soon pointed out that this binary logic—classifying phenomena as either positive or negative, and valorising the former while disparaging the latter—could be problematic. For example, apparently positive qualities can be harmful to wellbeing in certain circumstances, while ostensibly dysphoric emotional states may on occasion promote flourishing. Responding to these criticisms, over recent years a more nuanced “second wave” of positive psychology has been developing, in which wellbeing is recognized as involving a dialectical balance of light and dark aspects of life. This article introduces this emergent second wave, arguing that it is characterized by four dialectical principles. First, the principle of appraisal states that it is difficult to categorically identify phenomena as either positive or negative, since such appraisals are fundamentally contextually dependent. Second, the principle of co-valence holds that many states and qualities at the heart of flourishing, such as love, are actually a complex blend of lightanddark elements. Third, the principle of complementarity posits that not only are such phenomena co-valenced, but that their dichotomous elements are in fact co-creating, two intertwined sides of the same coin. Finally, the principle of evolution allows us to understand second-wave positive psychology as itself being an example of a dialectical process. This article is published as part of a collection entitled “On balance: lifestyle, mental health and wellbeing”.
Paired octamer rings of retinoschisin suggest a junctional model for cell–cell adhesion in the retina
Authors: Tolun Gökhan , Vijayasarathy Camasamudram , Huang Rick , Zeng Yong , Li Yan , Steven Alasdair C. , Sieving Paul A. , Heymann J. Bernard 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Loss of retinoschisin (RS1)-mediated retinal cell–cell adhesion in the retina is the underlying cause of X-linked retinoschisis, leading to vision impairment in young males. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we show that RS1 forms paired back-to-back octameric rings. This molecular architecture provides a structural basis for understanding the disruptive effect of many disease-related mutants, because it localizes residues that are involved in the proper assembly of the oligomer. The back-to-back ring pairing is reminiscent of other junctional proteins, where multiple interactions between arrays of the same or similar proteins on two opposing membranes form a strong adhesion plaque.
α/β-Hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) negatively regulates the surface delivery and synaptic function of AMPA receptors
Authors: Wei Mengping , Zhang Jian , Jia Moye , Yang Chaojuan , Pan Yunlong , Li Shuaiqi , Luo Yiwen , Zheng Junyuan , Ji Jianguo , Chen Jianguo , Hu Xinli , Xiong Jingwei , Shi Yun , Zhang Chen 
Published: April 2016

Significance
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are major postsynaptic receptors that mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. The proper functioning of AMPARs is essential for brain function; AMPAR dysfunction can cause multiple neurologic disorders, including autism. Native AMPARs are macromolecular complexes associated with a variety of auxiliary proteins, including α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6), which was recently identified. However, the physiological significance of the ABHD6–AMPAR association has not been investigated. Here, using both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches, we show that ABHD6 negatively regulates the surface delivery and synaptic function of AMPARs in neurons. The cytoplasmic tail of GluA1, but not the hydrolase activity of ABHD6, is essential for this functional interaction. Thus, these new findings expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing AMPAR trafficking in the brain.