bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of Formation Pressures While Drilling against Wireline Conveyed Formation Tester in a Carbonate Reservoir in the UAE
Authors: Maalouf Christophe Bassem , Espinoza Irina Bacca , Al-Jaberi Salem , Lyonga Sammy Molua , Haji Latifa Al 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Historically, pressure measurements have been acquired with Wireline Formation Tester (WFT) tools. In highly deviated and/or lateral wells where tools are drill-pipe conveyed, this can be problematic and add significant expenses and operational risks. Formation Pressure While Drilling (FPWD) measurements minimize operational risks at reduced overall cost and increased operational efficiency. This is particularly relevant in high angle and/or lateral wellbores.
This paper discusses the best practices for acquiring formation pressures with FPWD applied for better understanding of local depletion scenarios. The best procedures were used to obtain accurate reservoir pressure measurements while drilling in a side track section. The pressures were compared with pressure acquired from a WFT in the pilot hole. The comparison was used as a benchmark for the data quality between FPWD and WFT.
Especially with a large scale projects such as new field development planning, it is important to validate FPWD against proven WFT mesurements to ensure data quality is not compromised for cost saving. However, benchmarking two formation testers run at different times with varying mud/drilling conditions needs a good pre-job planning especially if the tolerance is less than 10 psi drift. After consultations with all stakeholders, a logging sequence was agreed upon which optimized logging time, giving the best chance of attaining optimal well-bore conditions for formation testing. Results showed a very good match between WFT acquired in pilot hole and FPWD data acquired two weeks later in the side track section a couple of hours after drilling. The differences between the two measurements were between +0.8 psi and −6.4 psi.
Diagenesis of Mid-Triassic Ghail Formation, Wadi Bih, Ras Al Khaimah
Authors: Guo Yunfei , Ceriani Andrea 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This study focuses on the Early to middle Triassic carbonates of the Ghail Formation outcropping in Ras Al Khaimah (UAE). A range of different methods, which includes outcrop logging, sampling, petrographic descriptions, fluid inclusion and isotopic analyses has been used to describe the main stratigraphic and diagenetic features of the outcropping sedimentary series. Optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Backscattered Electron image (BSE) with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to assess the timing of different diagenetic events (paragenesis), which included dolomitization, physical/chemical compaction, iron oxide formation and late calcite cementation.
Isotope analysis showed two different generations of dolomites, i.e. a low temperature dolostone and a high temperature dolomite cement, which could result from evaporation in a sabkha environment and from burial diagenesis, respectively. Fluid inclusion microthermometry in cements filling vugs proved useful to confirm the mesogenetic (burial origin) of the drusy dolomite cements.
A Giant Reservoir is Talking and We are Listening: Characterisation and Understanding of a Giant Fractured Reservoir in Oman with Extensive Years of Production
Authors: Al-Hadhrami M. , Ferrero M. Boya , Kawar R. , Unal E. , Wahaibi A. , Bazalgette L. , Al-Farsi S. , Khabouri K. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper discusses the interpretation of historic data for a giant and COMPLEX fractured carbonate, leading to a different understanding of the reservoir's displacement processes, and renewed insights for future development opportunities.
Specifically, the paper describes a comprehensive study to Locate The Remaining Oil (LTRO) and improve the ultimate performance of the field. The study encompassed the integration of recent seismic datasets, BHI (Borehole Imaging) data from over 100 wells, well logs for key wells at different time lapses, core data for different facies, well performance and interference data. Focus has also been placed on understanding the various recovery mechanisms that the field has undergone (water injection and Gas-Oil Gravity Drainage (GOGD) concurrently in different regions of the field). This LTRO exercise has provided insights into the distribution and intensity of inter- and intra-faults and the fracture connectivity between the field units. This warrants clustering the giant field into "development districts" i.e. to move from layer-based development to acknowledgment of vertical communication between layers It has become apparent that the reservoir architecture and fluid flow characteristics in this giant reservoir benefits from a secondary system of background fractures. The future field development concept should target- the matrix blocks with background fractures holding remaining oil for a slow GOGD development.
The study is part of continued efforts to build a centre of excellence in PDO around Naturally Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs, and to help unlock reserves in PDO's extensive portfolio of NFR (Naturally Fractured Reservoir) Carbonate fields.
The Effectiveness of Silicon Dioxide SiO2 Nanoparticle as an Enhanced Oil Recovery Agent in Ben Nevis Formation, Hebron Field, Offshore Eastern Canada
Authors: Ortega Daniel J. , Kim Han Byal , James Lesley A. , Johansen Thormod E. , Zhang Yahui 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The Hebron Project is the fourth major development offshore Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, with an estimated 2620 million barrels of oil and a target first oil in 2017. The Ben Nevis reservoir accounts for approximately 80% of the crude oil with an estimated 30% recoverable. Hence, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) requires attention now even before production starts. This research evaluates the effectiveness of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles as a water additive to enhance oil recovery in the Ben Nevis Formation, Hebron Field. The experiments involved two main steps: measuring interfacial tension, and determining the wetting character of the rock surfaces. Unlike previous research using SiO2 nanoparticles, in this work, the SiO2 nanoparticles are dispersed in seawater instead of deionized water or simple synthetic brine; experiments are conducted at reservoir conditions (Hebron Field: 62°C and 19.00 MPa); and synthetic cores were used that best represented facies of Ben Nevis Formation. A major challenge was forming a stable SiO2 nanofluid in North Atlantic seawater. Since salinity directly affected the stability of the nanofluid, hydrochloric acid was used as a stabilizer. Interfacial tension (IFT) was measured for SiO2 dispersed in deionized water, as well as stable nanofluids with SiO2 concentrations of 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 wt% dispersed in seawater, to determine the contribution of SiO2 nanoparticle on the alteration of IFT. The contact angles were measured on core plugs before and after aging in 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 wt% SiO2 nanofluids, to determine whether SiO2 nanoparticles can alter the wettability of the core. The results show that hydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticles are effective water additive for EOR. When comparing IFT experiments with deionized water and SiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in deionized water, the nanoparticles reduced the IFT from 39.70 mN/m to 21.54 mN/m. IFT is also reduced from 21.80 mN/m to 16.61 mN/m in case of experiments in seawater and a 0.05 wt% stable SiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in seawater. The contact angle experiments demonstrate that SiO2 can decrease the contact angle, and therefore make the rock surface more water wet under reservoir conditions. Finally, it is also found that the higher the SiO2 nanoparticle concentration, the higher the wettability alteration.
Reverse Engineering of a Five Stage Centrifugal Compressor Rotor
Authors: Schwab Stephan , Gilardone Dominic , Ayed Anis Haj 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper reports about the reverse-engineering of a five stage centrifugal compressor rotor by a Non-OEM turbo machinery service provider. In order to reach the aim of increasing the lifetime of the rotor, new enhanced material is used for some compressor rotor parts. The paper describes the method to manufacture a new rotor based on a used spare rotor. Furthermore, the results of the numerical calculations – stress analysis, rotor dynamics and flow analysis – are discussed to show how the required performance is achieved and a safe operation is given.
In the first step, the geometry of the complete rotor is captured with a highly precise and portable 3D-Scan device. The scan was performed on the assembled rotor and for all single parts after disassembly of the rotor. Since the scan is performed on a used rotor, a numerical flow analysis and stress analysis are executed to ensure that deviations or washouts of the used geometry have no effects on the performance and the safe operation of the rotor. In addition to that, a rotor dynamic calculation is executed for the rotor with original material as well as for the rotor with the new material. The comparison between these two configurations provides an indication for a safe operation.
The stress analysis shows a high stress level at the fillet radius to the cover plate of the first impeller stages. To decrease the stress level in these areas, the geometry is adjusted. The numerical flow analysis evaluates the flow field in the complete compressor. It is therefore also required to capture the geometry of the diaphragms. The results show that the performance of the compressor is assured. The rotor dynamics of the rotor with the new material show only insignificant differences to the rotor with the original material. After the numerical analysis the manufacturing, assembly and balancing of the rotor will be shortly described in the current paper.
The successful reverse engineering – which was executed without manufacturing drawings and only based on an old/used sample – of a centrifugal compressor including the use of enhanced material by a mid-size Non-OEM company is of substantial benefit to the state of knowledge in the petroleum industry. Commonly practiced in the European market, especially for industrial steam turbines, reverse engineering of turbo machinery equipment – without compromising on quality or performance – is to be considered a major cost saving opportunity for the petroleum industry.
Co-optimization of Enhanced Oil Recovery and Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in a Compositionally Grading Iranian Oil Reservoir; Technical and Economic Approach
Authors: Mokhtari Rasoul , Ayatollahi Shahab , Hamid Karim , Zonnouri Ashkan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Geological sequestration of carbon dioxide through enhanced oil recovery operation has been recognized as one of the more viable means of reducing emissions of anthropogenic CO2 into the atmosphere. The objective of this paper is to find the best EOR scenario for a compositional grading Iranian oil reservoir to be fed by a giant power plant which produces huge amount of CO2 emission, through simulation study. For this purpose a three-dimensional simplified yet realistic model of the reservoir considering compositional grading was built based on long term production data. Various simulation cases to combine different injection schemes and examining the effect of injection rate were conducted to propose an injection-production strategy that can optimize the oil recovery along with CO2 storage. This study is the first attempt to investigate technical and economic aspects of simultaneous CO2-EOR and sequestration for the nominated reservoir. Besides, this approach could be used for any gas cycling and natural gas storage process into this reservoir.
The results presented in the study clearly demonstrated that continuous CO2 injection scheme through one injection and one production well, is the best scenario for simultaneous EOR and sequestration/gas storage which lead to higher CO2 storage and oil recovery efficiency. Through continuous CO2 injection, this reservoir has potential for large scale CO2-EOR and storage projects (injection of more than 240 thousand metric tons of CO2 per year with only one injection well without any field development plan). Finally an economic study is performed to confirm the best scenario.
The Effects of Light and Height of Building in Attracting Paederus fuscipes Curtis to Disperse towards Human Residential Areas
Authors: Sufian Maryam  , Nik Fadzly  , Wan Fatma Zuharah  
Published: November 2016

Paederus fuscipes Curtis is a nocturnal insect. The attractiveness of artificial light sources from residential premises eventually causes the risk of severe dermatitis effect, once Paederus is in contact with human skin. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the light and height factors of residential buildings and its’ association to rice cultivation phases are primary reasons for P. fuscipes’s mass dispersal into human residential areas. The study site was located in residential premises that were built adjacent to rice field areas (? 32–60 m and 164 m) north of the rice field located in Teluk Air Tawar, mainland of Pulau Pinang. Overall, both light sources and rice cultivation phases caused a significant effect for P. fuscipes beetles dispersal flight to invade human settlements. More P. fuscipes were captured near the bright light source with the highest number of beetles found during harvesting stage. Whereas, significantly higher number of P. fuscipes were captured at level 2 and 3 compared to ground and level 1 of the apartment building and P. fuscipes was also found significantly affected by the rice cultivation phases at different elevation levels. This indicates that bright light sources and higher elevation levels are the main factors in attracting P. fuscipes beetles to disperse and causes infestations in residential areas. This finding could create awareness among the public on P. fuscipes dispersal pattern.
The Effects of Salinity on the Filtration Rates of Juvenile Tropical Oyster Crassostrea iredalei
Authors: Geraldine Olive Ju Lien Chang  , Lai Ven Inn  , Aileen Tan Shau Hwai  , Zulfigar Yasin  
Published: November 2016

A small scale laboratory study was conducted to determine the effects of salinity ranging from 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 ppt on the filtration rates of juvenile oyster Crassostrea iredalei with 25 ppt as the control. Three juvenile oysters (shell weight: 1.04 ± 0.12 g; shell length: 1.9 ± 0.2 cm; shell height: 1.9 ± 0.1 cm) were used to test the filtration rates in each salinity over the course of 8 hours. The hourly filtration rates were determined from the exponential decrease in algal (Chaetoceros calcitrans) concentration as a function of time. The oyster in 35 ppt salinity produced the highest overall filtration rate (FR2) with 134.06 ± 15.66 mL–1 hr–1 oyster–1 and the lowest overall filtration rate (FR2) occurred in oyster exposed to 15 ppt and 45 ppt with 31.30 ± 6.90 mL–1 hr–1 oyster–1 and 32.11 ± 7.68 mL–1 hr–1 oyster–1 respectively throughout the 8 hours. The result from this study can be useful for optimum oyster culturing and the oysters can be employed as a natural biofilter in marine polyculture farming.
Studies of indigenous lithic procurement in Uruguay and their implications for Southern Cone archaeology
Authors: Batalla Arlys Nicolás 
Published: November 2016

Being a territory with several minerals and rocks suitable for knapping and grinding, Uruguay offered a lithic-rich environment for past indigenous cultures in the Southern Cone of South America. In this paper, a history of lithic procurement studies in Uruguay is presented. Three main periods are discriminated, paying attention to authors’ theoretical and methodological contributions to the field. Firstly, a period with general mention to raw materials utilised by indigenous groups, including those historically known, is recognised at least since the last decades of the nineteenth century. Secondly, a period involving description of lithic resources available at a national scale as well as the first detailed observations of lithic sources and possible means of procurement can be distinguished between the 1950s and the mid-1980s. Lastly, beginning with salvage archaeology in the eastern region, the current period of research (i.e. the last thirty years) is characterised by contextualising lithic procurement within issues of lithic technological organisation and settlement patterns of indigenous groups. The current period of studies has involved two different approaches: 1) technological analysis of lithic artefacts and comparison of raw material with previously-published geological data; 2) utilisation of field survey data that locate and map lithic resources, and characterisation of visual (macroscopic, microscopic, or both macroscopic and microscopic) and geochemical components of these resources. Within the latter, studies can be further arranged according to the main temporal framework used to contextualise research problems. On the one hand, questions involving lithic procurement of early hunter-gatherers (who arrived ca. 12,000 BP) since the end of the 1990s have included surveys of potential and utilised sources, the first thin-section-based petrographic studies and the distinction of different local, regional and long-distance procurement strategies. On the other hand, cultural changes since the Middle Holocene have framed lithic source survey studies to answer questions of resource accessibility for coastal groups during sea level changes, as well as for other now-diverse groups such as the lowland moundbuilders. Finally, considerations for future research are made by reconsidering recent developments alongside the history of lithic procurement studies in Uruguay.
Threshold-based hybrid relay selection and power allocation scheme
Authors: Song Xin , Zhang MingLei , Liu WenMIn , Wang ShengBao 
Published: November 2016

Abstract—To minimize total transmit power in a system while guaranteeing the outage probability at the same time in a cooperative system, we propose and analyse two threshold-based hybrid relay selection and power allocation schemes for a three-node cooperative relaying system. They are designated as: the hybrid amplify-direct-forward relaying (HADF) and incremental hybrid decode-direct-forward relaying (IHDDF) schemes. In the HADF scheme, a specific outage probability threshold is derived to determine that the system chooses to optimize power allocation of its source and relay in amplify-and-forward (AF) mode or optimize the power of its source in direct-transmit (DT) mode without a relay. In IHDDF, according to the outage probability threshold, the system chooses to optimize its power in turn with incremental decode-and-forward opportunistic relaying (IDFO) mode or DT mode. Closed-form expressions of the total transmit power of the proposed HADF and IHDDF schemes are derived. The proposed schemes have low computational complexity and system cost. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the HADF scheme outperforms the AF and DT schemes, and the total transmission power of the IHDDF scheme is reduced significantly compared with the IDFO and DT schemes. Compared with the HADF scheme, the IHDDF scheme has a better total transmit power in special channel condition.Keywords—power allocation, three-node cooperative relaying system, amplify-and-forward, incremental decode-and-forward opportunistic relaying.
Revenue Benchmark Beating and the Sector-Level Investor Pricing of Revenue and Earnings
Authors: Zhao Rong 
Published: November 2016

SYNOPSIS
Prior research examines financial reporting of revenue in the context of how the incentives to achieve the earnings goal affect revenue reporting. In contrast, this study investigates how firms respond to sector-level incentives related to both revenue and earnings when evaluating the importance of revenue benchmarks. Results show that the importance of revenue benchmarks varies over time and across industry sectors. Regression analyses show that the sector-level incentives related to revenue and earnings affect revenue benchmark beating in opposite ways. Firms are more (less) likely to meet or just beat revenue benchmarks when the sector-level investor pricing of revenue (earnings) is high. Cross-sectional tests reveal that the association between revenue benchmark beating and the sector-level investor pricing of revenue (earnings) is stronger (weaker) among relatively young firms.
Screw-type device diameter and orthodontic loading influence adjacent bone remodeling
Authors: Francis Jonathan Christian , Oz Ulas , Cunningham Larry L. , Emecen Huja Pinar , Kryscio Richard J. , Huja Sarandeep S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of diameter and orthodontic loading of a screw-type implantable device on bone remodeling.

Materials and Methods:
Screw-shaped devices of four distinct diameters, 1.6, 2, 3, and 3.75 mm, were placed into edentulous sites in five skeletally mature beagle dogs (n = 14/dog) following premolar extraction. Using a split-mouth design, devices on one side were loaded using calibrated 2N coil springs. Epifluorescent bone labels were administered intravenous prior to sacrifice. Bone-implant sections (∼ 70 μm) were evaluated to quantify bone formation rate (BFR), and other histomorphometric variables were assessed in the implant supporting bone.

Results:
The mean BFR ranged from 10.93 percent per year to 38.91 percent per year. BFR in the bone adjacent to the device was lower for the loaded 1.6-mm screws when compared with the nonloaded 1.6-mm screws (P &lt; .01) and the loaded 2.0-, 3.0-, and 3.75-mm diameter screws (P &lt; .01). No significant differences in BFR were noted, regardless of loading condition, between the 2.0-, 3.0-, and 3.75-mm diameter screws.

Conclusions:
We detected a dramatic reduction in bone remodeling. Although orthodontic loading of 2N did not alter bone remodeling associated with screws with a 2.0-mm diameter or larger, it did decrease bone remodeling adjacent to a loaded 1.6-mm screw. The long-term effect of this diminished remodeling should be further investigated.
Reliability of clinical crown center to predict marginal ridge leveling
Authors: Barros Sérgio Estelita , Ficht Denise , Janson Guilherme , Chiqueto Kelly , Ferreira Eduardo 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the vertical compensation necessary to level the clinical crown centers and that required to level the marginal ridges.

Materials and Methods:
Initial dental casts selected from 200 patients that met the selection criteria were included. The vertical position of the clinical crown center (VPCC) and marginal ridge (VPMR) of posterior teeth were measured in both arches using a digital height gauge with 0.01mm precision. The vertical discrepancy between the clinical crown centers (VDCC) and marginal ridges (VDMR) of adjacent posterior teeth were calculated and compared. The significance level was set at P &lt; .05.

Results:
In general, vertical discrepancies between VDCC and VDMR were statistically significant (P &lt; .05). Clinically significant differences were observed between the maxillary second premolar and first molar and between the mandibular molars. The VPCC was significantly and positively correlated with patient age.

Conclusions:
Differences between VDCC and VDMR showed that the VPCC may not be an accurate predictor of marginal ridge leveling because the vertical compensation necessary to level the VPCCs is not similar to that required to level the marginal ridges, requiring caution in its utilization, mainly in teenagers.