bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of three gamma oscillations in the mouse entorhinal–hippocampal system
Authors: Butler James L. , Hay Y. Audrey , Paulsen Ole 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe entorhinal–hippocampal system is an important circuit in the brain, essential for certain cognitive tasks such as memory and navigation. Different gamma oscillations occur in this circuit, with the medial entorhinal cortex (mEC), CA3 and CA1 all generating gamma oscillations with different properties. These three gamma oscillations converge within CA1, where much work has gone into trying to isolate them from each other. Here, we compared the gamma generators in the mEC, CA3 and CA1 using optogenetically induced theta–gamma oscillations. Expressing channelrhodopsin‐2 in principal neurons in each of the three regions allowed for the induction of gamma oscillations via sinusoidal blue light stimulation at theta frequency. Recording the oscillations in CA1 in vivo, we found that CA3 stimulation induced slower gamma oscillations than CA1 stimulation, matching in vivo reports of spontaneous CA3 and CA1 gamma oscillations. In brain slices ex vivo, optogenetic stimulation of CA3 induced slower gamma oscillations than stimulation of either mEC or CA1, whose gamma oscillations were of similar frequency. All three gamma oscillations had a current sink–source pair between the perisomatic and dendritic layers of the same region. Taking advantage of this model to analyse gamma frequency mechanisms in slice, we showed using pharmacology that all three gamma oscillations were dependent on the same types of synaptic receptor, being abolished by blockade of either type A γ‐aminobutyric acid receptors or α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid/kainate receptors, and insensitive to blockade of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors. These results indicate that a fast excitatory–inhibitory feedback loop underlies the generation of gamma oscillations in all three regions.
Alterations in spontaneous delta and gamma activity might provide clues to detect changes induced by amyloid‐β administration
Authors: Hidisoglu Enis , Kantar‐Gok Deniz , Er Hakan , Acun Alev Duygu , Yargicoglu Piraye 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and has an increasing incidence. The neuropathogenesis of AD is suggested to be a result of the accumulation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides in the brain. To date, Aβ‐induced cognitive and neurophysiologic impairments have not been illuminated sufficiently. Therefore, we aimed to examine how spontaneous brain activities of rats changed by injection of increasing Aβ doses into the brain hemispheres, and whether these changes could be used as a new biomarker for the early diagnosis of the AD. Rats were randomized into following groups: sham (Sham) and seven Aβ‐treated (i.c.v.) groups in increasing concentrations (from Aβ‐1 to Aβ‐7). After recovery, EEG recordings were obtained from implanted electrodes from eight electrode locations, and then, spectral and statistical analyses were performed. A significant decrement in gamma activity was observed in all Aβ groups compared with the sham group. In delta activity, we observed significant changes from Aβ‐4 to Aβ‐7 group compared with sham group. Delta coherence values were decreased from Aβ‐4 to Aβ‐7 and Aβ‐5 to Aβ‐7 groups for frontal and temporal electrode pairs, respectively. A gradual increment was observed in Aβ1‐42 level till Aβ‐4 group. Positive correlation for global delta power and negative correlation for global gamma power between Aβ1‐42 peptide levels were detected. Consequently, it is conceivable to suggest gamma oscillation might be used to detect early stages of AD. Moreover, changes in delta activity provide information about the onset of major pathologic changes in the progress of AD.
Unknown‐onset strokes with anterior circulation occlusion treated by thrombectomy after DWI‐FLAIR mismatch selection
Authors: Escalard S. , Gory B. , Kyheng M. , Desilles J.‐P. , Redjem H. , Ciccio G. , Smajda S. , Labreuche J. , Mazighi M. , Piotin M. , Blanc R. , Lapergue B. , Fahed R. ,   of the ETIS (Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke) Research Investigators
Published: January 2018

Background and purposeThe DAWN trial recently showed compelling evidence in treating late window and wake‐up stroke patients with thrombectomy using a clinical‐imaging mismatch. The aim was to evaluate the results of thrombectomy for unknown‐onset strokes (UOS) treated in our centres after a diffusion weighted imaging/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (DWI‐FLAIR) mismatch based selection.MethodsA multicentre, cohort study was performed of consecutive UOS treated by thrombectomy between 2012 and 2016. UOS with proximal anterior circulation occlusion discovered beyond 6 h from ‘last seen normal’ were compared with known‐onset strokes (KOS) for whom thrombectomy was started within 6 h from onset. Time intervals were recorded from first time found abnormal. Results were adjusted for age, diabetes, hypertension, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, site of occlusion, DWI Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score, intravenous thrombolysis and use of general anaesthesia.ResultsAmongst 1246 strokes with anterior circulation occlusion treated by thrombectomy, 277 were UOS, with a ‘last time seen well’ beyond 6 h and DWI‐FLAIR mismatch, and 865 were KOS who underwent groin puncture within 6 h. Favourable outcome was achieved less often in UOS than KOS patients (45.2% vs. 53.9%, P = 0.022). After pre‐specified adjustment, this difference was not significant (adjusted relative risk 0.91; 95% confidence interval 0.80–1.04; P = 0.17). No differences were found in secondary outcomes. Time intervals from first found abnormal were significantly longer in UOS.ConclusionThrombectomy of UOS with anterior circulation occlusion and DWI‐FLAIR mismatch appears to be as safe and efficient as thrombectomy of KOS within 6 h from onset. This pattern of imaging could be used for patient selection when time of onset is unknown.
Alternatives to animal testing in basic and preclinical research of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Löwa Anna , Jevtić Marijana , Gorreja Frida , Hedtrich Sarah 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of increasing prevalence, especially in industrialized countries. Roughly 25% of the children and 1%‐3% of adults are affected. Although significant progress has been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis of AD, many aspects remain poorly understood. Moreover, there is a pressing need for improved therapeutic options. Studies to elucidate the pathophysiological pathways of AD and to identify novel therapeutic targets over the last few decades have been conducted almost exclusively in animal models. However, in vitro approaches such as 3D skin disease models have recently emerged due to an increasing awareness of distinct interspecies‐related differences that hamper the effective translation of results from animal models to humans. In addition, there is growing political and social pressure to develop alternatives to animal models according to the 3Rs principle (reduction, refinement and replacement of animal models).
Major limitations to achieving “4 per 1000” increases in soil organic carbon stock in temperate regions: Evidence from long‐term experiments at Rothamsted Research, United Kingdom
Authors: Poulton Paul , Johnston Johnny , Macdonald Andy , White Rodger , Powlson David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe evaluated the “4 per 1000” initiative for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) by analysing rates of SOC increase in treatments in 16 long‐term experiments in southeast United Kingdom. The initiative sets a goal for SOC stock to increase by 4‰ per year in the 0–40 cm soil depth, continued over 20 years. Our experiments, on three soil types, provided 114 treatment comparisons over 7–157 years. Treatments included organic additions (incorporated by inversion ploughing), N fertilizers, introducing pasture leys into continuous arable systems, and converting arable land to woodland. In 65% of cases, SOC increases occurred at >7‰ per year in the 0–23 cm depth, approximately equivalent to 4‰ per year in the 0–40 cm depth. In the two longest running experiments (>150 years), annual farmyard manure (FYM) applications at 35 t fresh material per hectare (equivalent to approx. 3.2 t organic C/ha/year) gave SOC increases of 18‰ and 43‰ per year in the 23 cm depth during the first 20 years. Increases exceeding 7‰ per year continued for 40–60 years. In other experiments, with FYM applied at lower rates or not every year, there were increases of 3‰–8‰ per year over several decades. Other treatments gave increases between zero and 19‰ per year over various periods. We conclude that there are severe limitations to achieving the “4 per 1000” goal in practical agriculture over large areas. The reasons include (1) farmers not having the necessary resources (e.g. insufficient manure); (2) some, though not all, practices favouring SOC already widely adopted; (3) practices uneconomic for farmers—potentially overcome by changes in regulations or subsidies; (4) practices undesirable for global food security. We suggest it is more realistic to promote practices for increasing SOC based on improving soil quality and functioning as small increases can have disproportionately large beneficial impacts, though not necessarily translating into increased crop yield.
Predicting survival of older community‐dwelling individuals according to five estimated glomerular filtration rate equations: The InChianti study
Authors: Corsonello Andrea , Pedone Claudio , Bandinelli Stefania , Ferrucci Luigi , Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele 
Published: January 2018

AimsThere is uncertainty about which estimated glomerular filtration rate eGFR equation to use in older people with respect to the prediction of prognosis. Our aim was: (i) to compare the discriminative capacity of eGFR estimated by different equations with respect to all‐cause mortality; and (ii) to identify the eGFR threshold at which the risk of mortality starts to increase for each equation.MethodsWe used data from 828 community‐dwelling older adults aged >65 years enrolled in the InCHIANTI study. The outcome measure was all‐cause mortality at 9 years. GFR was estimated by five different equations: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiological Collaboration (creatinine equation [CKD‐EPIcre], and creatinine and cystatin C equation [CKD‐EPIcre‐cys]), Berlin Initiative Study (BIScre and BIScre‐cys) and full age spectrum. Sensitivity, specificity, areas under receiver operating curve (AUC) and C‐statistics were used to compare their predictive capacity.ResultsThe best mix of sensitivity, specificity, AUC and C‐statistic value in predicting mortality was observed with BIS equations. BIScre (AUC 0.65, 95% CI 0.61–0.69) outperformed both CKD‐EPIcre (AUC 0.60, 95% CI 0.56–0.64; P = 0.005) and full age spectrum (AUC 0.63, 95% CI 0.59–0.67; P = 0.002) in terms of predictivity. Similarly, BIScre‐cys (AUC 0.67, 95% CI 0.63–0.71) outperformed CKD‐EPIcre‐cys (AUC 0.63, 95% CI 0.59–0.67; P = 0.01). AUC obtained with equations also including cystatin C were not significantly different compared with their creatinine‐based counterparts. The risk of long‐term mortality began to increase at under 65.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 for CKD‐EPIcre‐cys, 60.5 for CKD‐EPIcre, 60 for BIScre‐cys, 56.3 for BIScre and 55.2 for full age spectrum.ConclusionsThe BIS equation discriminates the risk of all‐cause mortality better than other equations in older community‐dwelling individuals. The eGFR threshold under which mortality starts to increase could change as a function of the equation used. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 607–614.
Influence of breathing patterns and orthostatic stress on postural control in older adults
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriel D , Gurgel Jonas L , Gonçalves Thiago R , Porto Flávia , Soares Pedro Paulo da S 
Published: January 2018

AimTo investigate the influence of breathing patterns and blood pressure behavior postural control in older adults.MethodsA total of 20 older adults carried out spontaneous, controlled (15 cycles/min) and deep (6 cycles/min) breathing trials, in random order. In this session, the heart rate was recorded continuously and blood pressure measured every 3 min. In addition, the challenge from sitting to an active standing position was carried out with eyes closed during 6 min on a baropodometer plate with electromyography recording. The root mean square (RMS) of electromyography was calculated.ResultsThere were significant differences in the postural control with spontaneous breathing from the first minute (center of pressure [COP]‐area 216.40 ± 116.70 mm2) in comparison with the third minute (COP‐area 79.35 ± 68.11 mm2; d = 0.89; P < 0.01) and the sixth minute (COP‐area 70.24 ± 41.26 mm2; d = 0.60; P < 0.05) of active standing. Furthermore, deep breathing significantly increases the COP‐area (158.50 ± 126.2 mm2) at the sixth minute of active standing in comparison with spontaneous breathing (70.24 ± 41.26 mm2; d = 0.80; P < 0.01). There were also significant differences in systolic blood pressure during spontaneous breathing between the baseline measures (sitting position 123 ± 11 mmHg) and the first minute of active standing (117 ± 13 mmHg; d = 0.24; P < 0.05). Furthermore, electromyography activity of the tibialis anterior increased during the deep (17.52 ± 9.21 RMS) and controlled breathing (16.75 ± 5.26 RMS) compared with the spontaneous condition (14.93 ± 5.56 RMS; d = 0.17; P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe present data provide important insight into the respiratory and hemodynamics effects of postural control in older adults. The current data confirm that deep breathing causes periodic perturbation in the neuromuscular compensation of the lower limbs. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 692–697.
Resident and facility characteristics associated with care‐need level deterioration in long‐term care welfare facilities in Japan
Authors: Jin Xueying , Tamiya Nanako , Jeon Boyoung , Kawamura Akira , Takahashi Hideto , Noguchi Haruko 
Published: January 2018

AimTo determine the resident and facility characteristics associated with residents’ care‐need level deterioration in long‐term care welfare facilities in Japan.MethodsA nationally representative sample of 358 886 residents who lived in 3774 long‐term care welfare facilities for at least 1 year from October 2012 was obtained from long‐term care insurance claims data. Facility characteristics were linked with a survey of institutions and establishments for long‐term care in 2012. We used a multilevel logistic regression according to the inclusion and exclusion of lost to follow‐up to define the resident and facility characteristics associated with resident care‐need level deteriorations (lost to follow‐up: the majority were hospitalized residents or had died; were treated as deterioration in the including loss to follow‐up model).ResultsAdjusting for the covariates, at the resident level, older age and lower care‐need level at baseline were more likely to show deterioration in the care‐need level. At the facility level, metropolitan facilities, unit model (all private room settings) and mixed‐model facilities (partly private room settings) were less likely to experience care‐need level deterioration. A higher proportion of registered nurses among all nurses was negatively related to care‐need level deterioration only in the model including lost to follow‐up. A higher proportion of registered dietitians among all dietitians and the facilities in business for fewer years were negatively associated with care‐need level deterioration only in the model excluding lost to follow‐up.ConclusionsThe present study could help identify residents who are at risk of care‐need level deterioration, and could contribute to improvements in provider quality performance and enhance competence in the market. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 758–766.
Tumor necrosis factor‐α regulates human follicular dendritic cell‐secreted protein gene transcription in gingival epithelial cells
Authors: Iwai Yasunobu , Noda Keisuke , Yamazaki Mizuho , Kato Ayako , Mezawa Masaru , Takai Hideki , Nakayama Yohei , Ogata Yorimasa 
Published: January 2018

Follicular dendritic cell‐secreted protein (FDC‐SP) is a secreted protein expressed in follicular dendritic cells, periodontal ligament and junctional epithelium. To elucidate the transcriptional regulation of the human FDC‐SP gene by tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), we conducted real‐time PCR, Western blotting, transient transfection analyses with chimeric constructs of the FDC‐SP gene promoter linked to a luciferase reporter gene, gel mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays using Ca9‐22 gingival epithelial cells. TNF‐α (10 ng/ml) induced FDC‐SP mRNA and protein levels at 3 hr and reached maximum at 12 hr. In transient transfection assays, TNF‐α (12 hr) increased the LUC activities of constructs between −116FDCSP and −948FDCSP including the human FDC‐SP gene promoter. Transcriptional stimulations by TNF‐α were partially inhibited in the −345FDCSP constructs that included 3‐bp mutations in the YY1, GATA, CCAAT enhancer‐binding protein 2 (C/EBP2) and C/EBP3. Transcriptional activities induced by TNF‐α were inhibited by tyrosine kinase, MEK1/2 and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase inhibitors. The results of ChIP assays showed that YY1, GATA and C/EBPβ transcription factors interacted with the YY1, GATA, C/EBP2 and C/EBP3 elements that were increased by TNF‐α. These studies show that TNF‐α stimulates human FDC‐SP gene transcription by targeting YY1, GATA, C/EBP2 and C/EBP3 in the FDC‐SP gene promoter.
IgG from atopic dermatitis patients induces IL‐17 and IL‐10 production in infant intrathymic TCD4 and TCD8 cells
Authors: Sgnotto Fábio D. R. , de Oliveira Marilia G. , Lira Aline A. L. , Inoue Amanda H. S. , Titz Tiago O. , Orfali Raquel L. , Bento‐de‐Souza Luciana , Sato Maria N. , Aoki Valeria , Duarte Alberto J. S. , Victor Jefferson R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionOur group recently demonstrated that IgG modulates αβT cell cytokine production during the maturation process in the human thymus. The effects of this modulation are IgG repertoire dependent and can exert a systemic and long‐term impact.ObjectiveTo investigate whether IgG from atopic dermatitis (AD) patients can modulate cytokine production of infant intrathymic TCD4 and TCD8 cells in vitro.MethodsThymic tissues were obtained from newborn children from nonatopic mothers, and thymocytes were cultured for 6 days with purified IgG from AD patients or with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or mock conditions as controls. Cells were gated as double positive T cells (TDP−CD4+CD8+), TCD4 cells (CD4+CD8−), or TCD8 cells (CD4−CD8+), and intracellular levels of IL‐17A, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐4, IL‐10, and TGF‐β were evaluated by flow cytometry.ResultsCompared to mock and IVIG culture conditions, IgG of AD individuals induced in vitro intracellular production of IL‐17 and IL‐10 by intrathymic TDP, TCD4, and TCD8 cells of infants. TGF‐β was also detected at a higher frequency in response to AD IgG in TDP and TCD8 cells compared to mock and IVIG cultured conditions. An opposite effect was detected upon IFN‐γ production in TCD4 cells, such that AD IgG reduced IFN‐γ production compared to production under mock conditions but not under IVIG conditions.ConclusionIgG of AD patients can stimulate cytokine production in infant thymocytes and thus resembles the peripheral profile observed in adults. These findings suggest a novel mechanism that can contribute to AD pathogenesis.
Nurses' satisfaction with use of a personal digital assistants with a mobile nursing information system in China
Authors: Shen Li‐Qiong , Zang Xiao‐Ying , Cong Ji‐Yan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPersonal digital assistants, technology with various functions, have been applied in international clinical practice. Great benefits in reducing medical errors and enhancing the efficiency of clinical work have been achieved, but little research has investigated nurses' satisfaction with the use of personal digital assistants.AimTo investigate nurses' satisfaction with use of personal digital assistants, and to explore the predictors of this.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey targeting nurses who used personal digital assistants in a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Beijing.ResultsA total of 383 nurses were recruited in this survey in 2015. The total score of nurses' satisfaction with use of personal digital assistants was 238.91 (SD 39.25). Nurses were less satisfied with the function of documentation, compared with the function of administering medical orders. The time length of using personal digital assistants, academic degree, and different departments predicted nurses' satisfaction towards personal digital assistant use (all P < 0.05).ConclusionNurses were satisfied with the accuracy of administering medical orders and the safety of recording data. The stability of the wireless network and efficiency related to nursing work were less promising. To some extent, nurses with higher education and longer working time with personal digital assistants were more satisfied with them.
Origins of natural killer cell memory: special creation or adaptive evolution
Authors: Holder Kayla A. , Comeau Emilie M. , Grant Michael D. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe few initial formative studies describing non‐specific and apparently spontaneous activity of natural killer (NK) cells have since multiplied into thousands of scientific reports defining their unique capacities and means of regulation. Characterization of the array of receptors that govern NK cell education and activation revealed an unexpected relationship with the major histocompatibility molecules that NK cells originally became well known for ignoring. Proceeding true to form, NK cells continue to up‐end archetypal understanding of their ever‐expanding capabilities. Discovery that the NK cell repertoire is extremely diverse and can be reshaped by particular viruses into unique subsets of adaptive NK cells challenges, or at least broadens, the definition of immunological memory. This review provides an overview of studies identifying adaptive NK cells, addressing the origins of NK cell memory and introducing the heretical concept of NK cells with extensive antigenic specificity. Whether these newly apparent properties reflect adaptive utilization of known NK cell attributes and receptors or a specially creative allocation from an undefined receptor array remains to be fully determined.