bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Default mode network deactivation during odor–visual association
Authors: Karunanayaka Prasanna R. , Wilson Donald A. , Tobia Michael J. , Martinez Brittany E. , Meadowcroft Mark D. , Eslinger Paul J. , Yang Qing X. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDefault mode network (DMN) deactivation has been shown to be functionally relevant for goal‐directed cognition. In this study, the DMN's role during olfactory processing was investigated using two complementary functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms with identical timing, visual‐cue stimulation, and response monitoring protocols. Twenty‐nine healthy, non‐smoking, right‐handed adults (mean age = 26 ± 4 years, 16 females) completed an odor–visual association fMRI paradigm that had two alternating odor + visual and visual‐only trial conditions. During odor + visual trials, a visual cue was presented simultaneously with an odor, while during visual‐only trial conditions the same visual cue was presented alone. Eighteen of the twenty‐nine participants (mean age = 27.0 ± 6.0 years, 11 females) also took part in a control no‐odor fMRI paradigm that consisted of a visual‐only trial condition which was identical to the visual‐only trials in the odor–visual association paradigm. Independent Component Analysis (ICA), extended unified structural equation modeling (euSEM), and psychophysiological interaction (PPI) were used to investigate the interplay between the DMN and olfactory network. In the odor–visual association paradigm, DMN deactivation was evoked by both the odor + visual and visual‐only trial conditions. In contrast, the visual‐only trials in the no‐odor paradigm did not evoke consistent DMN deactivation. In the odor–visual association paradigm, the euSEM and PPI analyses identified a directed connectivity between the DMN and olfactory network which was significantly different between odor + visual and visual‐only trial conditions. The results support a strong interaction between the DMN and olfactory network and highlights the DMN's role in task‐evoked brain activity and behavioral responses during olfactory processing. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1125–1139, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
REFLECTING TOGETHER: REFLECTIVE FUNCTIONING AS A FOCUS FOR DEEPENING GROUP SUPERVISION
Authors: Heffron Mary Claire , Reynolds Diane , Talbot Bronwyn 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThis article proposes how group reflective supervision, informed by the theory of reflective functioning, may provide a powerful method for developing reflective capacity of staff serving families, infants, and young children in multidisciplinary settings. An explanation of reflective functioning, related research, and its relevance to relational treatment and preventive intervention are discussed. Other approaches to reflective practice are referenced. We describe the necessary tension and encounters with distressing affect that mark reflective supervision groups using this focus. In addition, we identify areas of heightened difficulty in infant family work and describe how a group supervision process that enables use of self alongside perspectives of others may address these challenges while leading to increased reflective capacity among participants. Finally, we touch on relevant research on group supervision and parameters of size and focus, and highlight facilitation skills needed to create group safety and coherence. Areas for further study are proposed.
Validation of the SarQoL®, a specific health‐related quality of life questionnaire for Sarcopenia
Authors: Beaudart Charlotte , Biver Emmanuel , Reginster Jean‐Yves , Rizzoli René , Rolland Yves , Bautmans Ivan , Petermans Jean , Gillain Sophie , Buckinx Fanny , Dardenne Nadia , Bruyère Olivier 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundA specific self‐administrated health‐related quality of life questionnaire for sarcopenia, the Sarcopenia and Quality Of Life (SarQoL®), has been recently developed. This questionnaire is composed of 55 items translated into 22 questions and organized into seven domains of quality of life. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the psychometric properties (discriminative power, validity, reliability, floor and ceiling effects) of the SarQoL® questionnaire.MethodsSarcopenic subjects were recruited in an outpatient clinic in Liège, Belgium and were diagnosed according to the algorithm developed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. We compared the score of the SarQoL® between sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic subjects using a logistic regression after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Internal consistency reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient; construct validity was assessed using convergent and divergent validities. Test–retest reliability was verified after a two‐week interval using the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). At last, floor and ceiling effects were also tested.ResultsA total of 296 subjects with a median age of 73.3 (68.9–78.6) years were recruited for this study. Among them, 43 were diagnosed sarcopenic. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the total score and the scores of the different dimensions of the SarQoL® questionnaire were significantly lower for sarcopenic than for non‐sarcopenic subjects (54.7 (45.9–66.3) for sarcopenic vs. 67.8 (57.3 – 79.0) for non sarcopenic, OR 0.93 (95%CI 0.90–0.96)). Regarding internal consistency, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.87. The SarQoL® questionnaire data showed good correlation with some domains of the Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) and the EuroQoL 5‐dimension (EQ‐5D) questionnaires and with the mobility test. An excellent agreement between the test and the retest was found with an ICC of 0.91 (95% CI 0.82–0.95). At last, neither floor nor ceiling effects were detected.ConclusionsThe SarQoL® questionnaire is valid, consistent, and reliable and can therefore be recommended for clinical and research purposes. However, its sensitivity to change needs to be assessed in future longitudinal studies.
Analysis on the precision of the dimensions of self‐ligating brackets
Authors: Erduran Rackel Hatice Milhomens Gualberto , Maeda Fernando Akio , Ortiz Sandra Regina Mota , Triviño Tarcila , Fuziy Acácio , Carvalho Paulo Eduardo Guedes 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the precision of the torque applied by 0.022" self‐ligating brackets of different brands, the precision of parallelism between the inner walls of their slots, and precision of their slot height. Eighty brackets for upper central incisors of eight trademarked models were selected: Abzil, GAC, American Orthodontics, Morelli, Orthometric, Ormco, Forestadent, and Ortho Organizers. Images of the brackets were obtained using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and these were measured using the AutoCAD 2011 software. The tolerance parameters stated in the ISO 27020 standard were used as references. The results showed that only the Orthometric, Morelli, and Ormco groups showed results inconsistent with the ISO standard. Regarding the parallelism of the internal walls of the slots, most of the models studied had results in line with the ISO prescription, except the Morelli group. In assessing bracket slot height, only the Forestadent, GAC, American Orthodontics, and Ormco groups presented results in accordance with the ISO standard. The GAC, Forestadent, and American Orthodontics groups did not differ in relation to the three factors of the ISO 27020 standard. Great variability of results is observed in relation to all the variables.
Interaction of almond cystatin with pesticides: Structural and functional analysis
Authors: Siddiqui Azad Alam , Khaki Peerzada Shariq Shaheen , Bano Bilqees 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPesticides are chemical substances that eliminate or control a variety of agricultural pests that damage crops and livestock. They not only affect the targeted pests but also affect the nontargeted systems, raising more concerns for their effect on both plant and animal systems. Cystatins (cysteine protease inhibitor) are ubiquitously present in all living cells and show a variety of important physiological functions. The present study shows the effect of different pesticides (pendimethalin, methoxyfenozide, and CuII hydroxide) on purified almond cystatin. Almond cystatin showed concentration‐dependent loss in papain inhibitory activity on interaction with the pesticides, showing maximum loss in the presence of Cu(II) hydroxide and minimum in the case of methoxyfenozide. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed maximum degradation of purified cystatin in the presence of Cu(II) hydroxide with insignificant effect in the presence of methoxyfenozide. Structural alterations were significant in the case of Cu(II) hydroxide and less in the case of methoxyfenozide as revealed by UV and fluorescence spectral studies. Secondary structural alterations were further conformed by circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The α‐helix content of almond cystatin decreases from 35.64% (native) to 34.83%, 30.79%, and 29.62% for methoxyfenozide‐, pendimethalin‐, and Cu(II) hydroxide–treated cystatin, respectively. A Fourier transform infrared study shows an amide I band shift for almond cystatin from 1649.15 ± 0.5 to 1646.48 ± 0.6, 1640.44 ± 0.6, and 1635.11 ± 0.3 cm−1 for methoxyfenozide, pendimethalin, and Cu(II) hydroxide, respectively. Values obtained for different thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0, ΔG0, N, and ΔS0) by isothermal titration calorimetric experiments reveal maximum binding of almond cystatin with Cu(II) hydroxide followed by pendimethalin and little interaction with methoxyfenozide.
Inter‐ and intra‐annual changes in air temperature and precipitation in western Spitsbergen
Authors: Osuch Marzena , Wawrzyniak Tomasz 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTNatural systems are characterized by seasonal and inter‐annual variability. In the Arctic, changes in annual runs of air temperature and precipitation play crucial roles and have implications for the abiotic and biotic environment. In our study, we investigate seasonality and inter‐annual variability of air temperature and precipitation at three stations with the longest diurnal instrumental records in Spitsbergen: the Polish Polar Station Hornsund, Longyearbyen Airport and Ny‐Ålesund. For that purpose, we used the novel method of analysis Moving Average over Shifting Horizon (MASH), combined with trend estimation. The application of MASH helps detecting changes of seasonality in the data by filtering out the effects of periodicity of the variables. The results show that the tendencies of changes are not evenly distributed throughout the year. In the case of air temperature, upward trends were detected, with the most pronounced changes in the freezing season and slight changes during summer. The shape of the annual run has also changed, with a shift of the coldest months from December and January to March and April. In terms of precipitation, the highest increases were obtained for the late melting season, autumn and early winter, especially pronounced in Hornsund and Ny‐Ålesund. Changes in daily air temperature and precipitation totals were strongly linked to sea ice conditions. An influence of other climatic indices was also statistically significant, but varied depending on the month.
Three‐dimensional tracking of the motion of benthic copepods in the free water and inside the transparent sediment bed of a laboratory flume
Authors: Sidler Daniel , Michalec François‐Gaël , Detert Martin , Holzner Markus 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBenthic organisms in regulated rivers are exposed to sharp variations in environmental conditions. Variations in, e.g., shear stress and water temperature can result in rapid alteration in invertebrate drift. Catastrophic drift is associated with hydrodynamic thresholds. Active drift results from deliberate behaviors and occurs, e.g., in response to changes in temperature. Cyclopoid copepods constitute a substantial part of the meiobenthos. The relationships between hydraulic conditions or temperature and copepod drift, and between their behavior and drift entry, transport and exit, remain not well defined. We present a laboratory flume fitted with a transparent sediment bed that enables studying the behavior of benthic invertebrates both in the free water and inside the sediment. By means of three‐dimensional particle tracking velocimetry, we reconstructed the trajectories of many copepods (Eucyclops serrulatus) and we quantified their velocity and vertical distribution under statistically steady state flow conditions. Copepods were able to swim in the entire flume and moved readily in the sediment bed. They moved by successive jumps and often against the flow. This behavior may contribute to drift avoidance in natural streams. Copepods were preferentially found within the interstices of the sediment bed and within a narrow layer at its surface, in agreement with the epibenthic nature of this species. Our setup enables the detailed observation of fine‐scale behavioral processes that could not be approached in field studies or through theoretical approaches. It offers the opportunity to better understand the impacts of physical conditions on the behavioral processes that drive invertebrate drift in streams.
College Enrollment and Completion Among Nationally Recognized High‐Achieving Hispanic Students
Authors: Gurantz Oded , Hurwitz Michael , Smith Jonathan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHispanic high school graduates have lower college completion rates than academically similar white students. As Hispanic students have been theorized to be more constrained in the college search and selection process, one potential policy lever is to increase the set of colleges to which these students apply and attend. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of the College Board's National Hispanic Recognition Program (NHRP), which recognizes the highest‐scoring 11th‐grade Hispanic students on the PSAT/NMSQT, as a mechanism of improving college choice and completion. The program not only informs students about their relative ability, but it also enables colleges to identify, recruit, and offer enrollment incentives. Overall, we find that the program has strong effects on college attendance patterns, shifting students from two‐year to four‐year institutions, as well as to colleges that are out‐of‐state and public flagships, all areas where Hispanic attendance has lagged. NHRP shifts the geographic distribution of where students earn their degree, and increases overall bachelor's completion among Hispanic students who traditionally have had lower rates of success. These results demonstrate that college outreach can have significant impacts on the enrollment choices of Hispanic students and can serve as a policy lever for colleges looking to draw academically talented students.
Corporate Venturing in Family Business: A Developmental Approach of the Enterprising Family
Authors: Minola Tommaso , Brumana Mara , Campopiano Giovanna , Garrett Robert Paul , Cassia Lucio 
Published: October 2016

Research summaryThis conceptual article discusses when and why family firms are motivated to engage in entrepreneurial activities. Drawing on family development theory, we offer midrange reasoning about the impact of enterprising family dynamics—such as the birth of a child or children leaving home—on the motivation for corporate venturing and its changes over time. Moreover, our model also accounts for the contingent effect of ownership and business developmental dimensions. Finally, we predict that motivation for corporate venturing can, in turn, spur the development of the enterprising family.Managerial summaryOvercoming the idea that family firms are either very or minimally entrepreneurial, we focus on the enterprising family and consider its development to explain the motivation toward corporate venturing. We look at the evolution of the roles and norms of family members over time and predict that motivation for venturing increases with family growth until the moment in which a succession takes place and the younger generation receives the baton. We also consider how changes in the ownership structure and business growth influence the relationship between family development and motivation for venturing. The latter, in turn, can trigger the development of the enterprising family itself, with its structure and norms. Our work, in sum, depicts the enterprising family as a springboard for repeated acts of entrepreneurship across generations. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
Reproductive Decision‐Making in Women with BRCA1/2 Mutations
Authors: Chan Jessica L. , Johnson Lauren N. C. , Sammel Mary D. , DiGiovanni Laura , Voong Chan , Domchek Susan M. , Gracia Clarisa R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractExpanded genetic testing of BRCA mutations has led to identification of more reproductive‐aged women who test positive for the mutation which might impact attitudes and decisions about relationships, childbearing and the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and prenatal diagnosis (PND). A cross‐sectional survey was administered to 1081 self‐reported BRCA carriers to investigate how knowledge of BRCA status influences these issues. The mean age at BRCA test disclosure was 44 years and 36 % reported a personal history of cancer. Of 163 women who were unpartnered, 21.5 % felt more pressure to get married. Of 284 women whose families were not complete, 41 % reported that carrier status impacted their decision to have biological children. Women with a history of cancer were more likely to report that knowledge of BRCA+ status impacted their decision to have a child (OR 1.8, 95 % CI 1–3.2). Fifty‐nine percent thought PGD should be offered to mutation carriers and 55.5 % thought PND should be offered. In conclusion, knowledge of BRCA status impacts attitudes regarding relationships and childbearing, and most carriers believe that PGD and PND should be offered to other carriers. This study suggests that BRCA carriers desire and would benefit from reproductive counseling after test disclosure.
Crossflow instability in a hypersonic boundary layer
Authors: Craig Stuart A. , Saric William S. 
Published: October 2016

The crossflow instability in a hypersonic, laminar boundary layer is investigated using point measurements inside the boundary layer for the first time. Experiments are performed on a 7° right, circular cone with an adiabatic wall condition at 5.6° angle of incidence in the low-disturbance Mach 6 Quiet Tunnel at Texas A&M University. Measurements are made with a constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer system with a frequency response up to 180 kHz. Stationary crossflow waves are observed to grow and saturate. A travelling wave coexists with the stationary wave and occurs in a frequency band centred around 35 kHz. A type-I secondary instability is also observed in a frequency band centred around 110 kHz. The behaviour of all three modes is largely consistent with their low-speed counterparts prior to saturation of the stationary wave. Afterward, the behaviour remains in partial agreement with the low-speed case. Neither type-II secondary instability nor transition to turbulence are observed in this study.
Les politiques publiques comme phénomènes hégémoniques : L'exemple des politiques agro-environnementales en Europe
Authors: Ansaloni Matthieu 
Published: October 2016

RésuméCet article suggère de saisir les politiques publiques comme le fruit de phénomènes hégémoniques. Cette perspective appréhende la transmission des cadres d'interprétation comme étant un phénomène intrinsèquement conflictuel. Ce faisant, nous espérons dépasser une difficulté commune aux études qui mettent l'accent sur les idées et les discours : le fait de négliger les luttes cognitives et symboliques que livrent des acteurs aux positions asymétriques, donc les conflits qui les opposent. Nous suggérons de penser l'hégémonie à la lumière des débats sur les affaires publiques, après quoi nous illustrons cette perspective à partir de l'exemple des politiques agro-environnementales anglaise, française et hongroise. La perspective proposée dans cet article permet, de manière générale, de jeter un regard original sur la production de l'ordre politique.
Temporomandibular disorder in otolaryngology: systematic review
Authors: Stepan L , Shaw C-K L , Oue S 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground:Temporomandibular disorder poses a diagnostic challenge to otolaryngologists as orofacial pain, headache and otology symptoms are very common in temporomandibular disorder, and mimic a number of otolaryngological conditions. Missed diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder can lead to unnecessary investigation and treatment, resulting in further patient suffering.Objectives:To review the current literature and propose management pathways for otolaryngologists to correctly differentiate temporomandibular disorder from other otolaryngological conditions, and to initiate effective treatment for temporomandibular disorder in collaboration with other health professionals.Method:A systematic review using PubMed and Medline databases was conducted, and data on temporomandibular disorder in conjunction with otolaryngological symptoms were collected for analysis.Results:Of 4155 potential studies, 33 were retrieved for detailed evaluation and 12 met the study criteria. There are questionnaires, examination techniques and radiological investigations presented in the literature to assist with distinguishing between otolaryngological causes of symptoms and temporomandibular disorder. Simple treatment can be initiated by the otolaryngologist.Conclusion:Initial temporomandibular disorder treatment steps can be undertaken by the otolaryngologist, with consideration of referral to dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, or physiotherapists if simple pharmacological treatment or temporomandibular disorder exercise fails.
The central Arctic Ocean-preventing another tragedy of the commons
Authors: Norris Andrew J. , McKinley Patrick 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTArctic sea ice is melting, slowly but inexorably. As the ice disappears, mankind will be afforded access to regions and activities, including commercial fishing, that have been inaccessible for our entire recorded history. There is currently no regulatory body or mechanism in the high seas Arctic (also referred to as the central Arctic Ocean) to conserve and manage fish stocks, the distribution and concentration of which are poorly understood, and that might be the target of commercial fisheries. This article examines the extent and nature of ice recession in the Arctic, and its likely effect on the accessibility of central Arctic ocean fisheries to commercial exploitation. It then discusses what is known of Arctic fish stocks, both those already extant, and those that might become established or enhanced as a result of changing environmental conditions. It examines international regimes for managing fish stocks that exist either in whole or in part in global maritime commons, and existing fisheries governance mechanisms in the Arctic, and finds them to be lacking. Finally, using the Bering Sea Arctic pollock stock collapse case study as a historical analogue, this article contends that the time is now for putting in place a regional fisheries management organisation to manage and conserve central Arctic Ocean fish stocks.