bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional multifractal analysis of trabecular bone under clinical computed tomography
Authors: Baravalle Rodrigo , Thomsen Felix , Delrieux Claudio , Lu Yongtao , Gómez Juan Carlos , Stošić Borko , Stošić Tatijana 
Published: October 2017

PurposeAn adequate understanding of bone structural properties is critical for predicting fragility conditions caused by diseases such as osteoporosis, and in gauging the success of fracture prevention treatments. In this work we aim to develop multiresolution image analysis techniques to extrapolate high‐resolution images predictive power to images taken in clinical conditions.MethodsWe performed multifractal analysis (MFA) on a set of 17 ex vivo human vertebrae clinical CT scans. The vertebræ failure loads () were experimentally measured. We combined bone mineral density (BMD) with different multifractal dimensions, and BMD with multiresolution statistics (e.g., skewness, kurtosis) of MFA curves, to obtain linear models to predict . Furthermore we obtained short‐ and long‐term precisions from simulated in vivo scans, using a clinical CT scanner. Ground‐truth data — high‐resolution images — were obtained with a High‐Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (HRpQCT) scanner.ResultsAt the same level of detail, BMD combined with traditional multifractal descriptors (Lipschitz–Hölder exponents), and BMD with monofractal features showed similar prediction powers in predicting (87%, adj. R2). However, at different levels of details, the prediction power of BMD with multifractal features raises to 92% (adj. ) of . Our main finding is that a simpler but slightly less accurate model, combining BMD and the skewness of the resulting multifractal curves, predicts 90% (adj. ) of .ConclusionsCompared to monofractal and standard bone measures, multifractal analysis captured key insights in the conditions leading to . Instead of raw multifractal descriptors, the statistics of multifractal curves can be used in several other contexts, facilitating further research.
Electronically rotated and translated field‐free line generation for open bore magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Top Can Barış , Ilbey Serhat , Güven Hüseyin Emre 
Published: October 2017

PurposeWe propose a coil arrangement for open bore field‐free line (FFL) magnetic particle imaging (MPI) system, which is suitable for accessing the subject from the sides. The purpose of this study is twofold, to show that the FFL can be rotated and translated electronically in a volume of interest with this arrangement and to analyze the current, voltage and power requirements for a 1 T/m gradient human sized scanner for a 200 mm diameter × 200 mm height cylindrical field of view (FOV).MethodsWe used split coils side by side with alternating current directions to generate a field‐free line. Employing two of these coil groups, one of which is rotated 90 degrees with respect to the other, a rotating FFL was generated. We conducted numerical simulations to show the feasibility of this arrangement for three‐dimensional (3D) electronical scan of the FFL. Using simulations, we obtained images of a two‐dimensional (2D) in silico dot phantom for a human size scanner with system matrix‐based reconstruction.ResultsSimulations showed that the FFL can be generated and rotated in one plane and can be translated in two axes, allowing for 3D imaging of a large subject with the proposed arrangement. Human sized scanner required 63–215 kW power for the selection field coils to scan the focus inside the FOV.ConclusionsThe proposed setup is suitable for FFL MPI imaging with an open bore configuration without the need for mechanical rotation, which is preferable for clinical usage in terms of imaging time and patient access. Further studies are necessary to determine the limitations imposed by peripheral nerve stimulation, and to optimize the system parameters and the sequence design.
Application of phase rotation to STRESS localization scheme at 3 T
Authors: Volovyk Osnat , Tal Assaf 
Published: October 2017

PurposeApplication of phase rotation to the STRESS (=STEAM+PRESS) localization scheme, to shorten echo time, minimize J‐coupling dephasing and estimate B1+ inhomogeneity. STRESS (=STEAM + PRESS) simultaneously refocuses and acquires the double spin echo (SE123) and stimulated echo (STE‐) pathways, combining PRESS‐like signal with lower chemical shift displacement as in STEAM. Phase rotation effectively separates coherence pathways, allows reduction of spoiling gradients moments leading to reduction in echo time. Implementing it in STRESS allows one to individually phase‐correct SE123 and STE‐ prior to combination. Moreover, B1+ inhomogeneity can be assessed by comparing the measured ratio of resonance intensities of SE123 and STE‐ pathways to the simulated one.MethodsIn vivo spectra were acquired from a single voxel placed in the sensory‐motor cortex of 10 healthy volunteers, using phase rotation‐STRESS/PRESS/STEAM sequences at 3 T scanner. The phases of each slice‐selective pulse were incremented by
.ResultsPhase rotation‐STRESS showed quantification accuracy (% Cramer Rao lower bounds) and reproducibility (% coefficients of variation) comparable to PRESS and STEAM, in both phantoms and in vivo study. Minimal echo time achieved was 13 ms.ConclusionPhase rotation complements STRESS by reducing echo time, allowing processing of each pathway individually prior to addition and providing B1+ estimation in single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 79:2481–2490, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Associations of Maternal Weight Status Before, During, and After Pregnancy with Inflammatory Markers in Breast Milk
Authors: Whitaker Kara M. , Marino Regina C. , Haapala Jacob L. , Foster Laurie , Smith Katy D. , Teague April M. , Jacobs David R. , Fontaine Patricia L. , McGovern Patricia M. , Schoenfuss Tonya C. , Harnack Lisa , Fields David A. , Demerath Ellen W. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to examine the associations of maternal weight status before, during, and after pregnancy with breast milk C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6), two bioactive markers of inflammation, measured at 1 and 3 months post partum.MethodsParticipants were 134 exclusively breastfeeding mother‐infant dyads taking part in the Mothers and Infants Linked for Health (MILK) study, who provided breast milk samples. Pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) were assessed by chart abstraction; postpartum weight loss was measured at the 1‐ and 3‐month study visits. Linear regression was used to examine the associations of maternal weight status with repeated measures of breast milk CRP and IL‐6 at 1 and 3 months, after adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsPre‐pregnancy BMI and excessive GWG, but not total GWG or postpartum weight loss, were independently associated with breast milk CRP after adjustment (β = 0.49, P < 0.001 and β = 0.51, P = 0.011, respectively). No associations were observed for IL‐6.ConclusionsHigh pre‐pregnancy BMI and excessive GWG are associated with elevated levels of breast milk CRP. The consequences of infants receiving varying concentrations of breast milk inflammatory markers are unknown; however, it is speculated that there are implications for the intergenerational transmission of disease risk.
Flavonoid Constituents of Phlomis (Lamiaceae) Species Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Aghakhani Fatemeh , Kharazian Navaz , Lori Gooini Zahra 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionPhlomis is one of the medicinal genera of Lamiaceae. This genus has unique medicinal properties. Consequently, appropriate methods need to be described for the identification of the chemical compounds.ObjectiveA liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) technique on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS) was used for separation and identification of leaf flavonoid compounds for seven Phlomis species including Phlomis kurdia, Ph. aucheri, Ph. olivieri, Ph. bruguieri, Ph. persica, Ph. anisodonta and Ph. elliptica.MethodologyThe flavonoid solution of air‐dried leaves (10.5 g) was extracted using 85% methanol. The chromatogram was treated with three systems: methanol–water, chloroform–methanol and acetic acid. The extracts were analysed using LC–MS/MS. The MS2 detection was performed under negative mode electrospray ionisation (ESI). The identification of constituents was based on authentic references used in the identification process.ResultsA total of 35 chemical compounds were detected from which 32 were identified as flavonoids through comparison with published literature and reference standards. These compounds were distributed in four flavonoid classes. Flavones (12), flavonols (11), flavanones (8) and flavane (1) were the main groups appearing in almost all of the studied samples. The flavonoids such as naringenin, chrysoeriol, eriodictyol, dimethoxyflavanone, apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol and rhamnetin were in high proportions. Moreover, 22 flavonoid compounds were first reported in this study for Phlomis species.ConclusionThe fragmentation patterns of the compounds during collision induced dissociation (CID) clarified information of the compounds analysed. The detailed flavonoid compositions of Phlomis species provide the appropriate context from phytochemical and phytotherapeutics points of view. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of the performance of different methods for propensity score matched subgroup analyses and a summary of their application in peer‐reviewed research studies
Authors: Wang Shirley V. , He Mengdong , Jin Yinzhu , Wyss Richard , Shin HoJin , Ma Yong , Keeton Stephine , Fireman Bruce , Karami Sara , Major Jacqueline M. , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Gagne Joshua J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeWhen evaluating safety signals, there is often interest in understanding safety in all patients for whom compared treatments are reasonable alternatives, as well as in specific subgroups of interest. There are numerous ways that propensity score (PS) matching can be implemented for subgroup analyses.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review of methods papers that compared the performance of alternative methods to implement PS matched subgroup analyses and examined how frequently different PS matching methods have been used for subgroup analyses in applied studies.ResultsWe identified 5 methods papers reporting small improvements in covariate balance and bias with use of a subgroup‐specific PS instead of a mis‐specified overall PS within subgroups. Applied research papers frequently used PS for subgroups in ways not evaluated in methods papers. Thirty three percent used PS to match in the overall cohort and broke the matched sets for subgroup analysis without further adjustment.ConclusionsWhile the performance of several alternative ways to use PS matching in subgroup analyses has been evaluated in methods literature, these evaluations do not include the most commonly used methods to implement PS matched subgroup analyses in applied studies. There is a need to better understand the relative performance of commonly used methods for PS matching in subgroup analyses, particularly within settings encountered during active surveillance, where there may be low exposure, infrequent outcomes, and multiple subgroups of interest.
Nanostructured chitosan–gelatin hybrid aerogels produced by supercritical gel drying
Authors: Baldino Lucia , Cardea Stefano , Reverchon Ernesto 
Published: October 2017

In this work, chitosan/gelatin (Ch/G) aerogels with a network organization were produced by supercritical gel drying. Ch structure was characterized by a cellular morphology with smooth pore walls, with a mean pore size of about 20 µm. The morphology of G aerogel was, instead, nanofibrous with a mean fiber size lower than 100 nm. The mixture between Ch and G favored Ch gelification, due to the chemical interaction among the cationic Ch and negatively charged molecules of G. Ch/G hybrid aerogels formed an interpenetrated polymer network, with enhanced mechanical properties with respect to the starting single biopolymers, achieving a Young modulus up to 181 kPa, suitable for bone tissue engineering. Moreover, high surface area (≈250 m2 g−1) and negligible glutaraldehyde (GTA) residues were found after supercritical processing; in particular, the GTA residues in the aerogels were lower than 3 ppm, also in the worst case (i.e., 2.3 ppm of released GTA for the Ch/G 4/1 aerogel), making them useful for potential nanomedicine applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1494–1499, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Scipion web tools: Easy to use cryo‐EM image processing over the web
Authors: Conesa Mingo Pablo , Gutierrez José , Quintana Adrián , de la Rosa Trevín José Miguel , Zaldívar‐Peraza Airén , Cuenca Alba Jesús , Kazemi Mohsen , Vargas Javier , del Cano Laura , Segura Joan , Sorzano Carlos Oscar S. , Carazo Jose María 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMacromolecular structural determination by Electron Microscopy under cryogenic conditions is revolutionizing the field of structural biology, interesting a large community of potential users. Still, the path from raw images to density maps is complex, and sophisticated image processing suites are required in this process, often demanding the installation and understanding of different software packages. Here, we present Scipion Web Tools, a web‐based set of tools/workflows derived from the Scipion image processing framework, specially tailored to nonexpert users in need of very precise answers at several key stages of the structural elucidation process.
Plumbagin improves the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer: A pre‐clinical study
Authors: Abedinpour Parisa , Baron Véronique T. , Chrastina Adrian , Rondeau Gaelle , Pelayo Jennifer , Welsh John , Borgström Per 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundPlumbagin is a candidate drug for the treatment of prostate cancer. Previous observations indicated that it may improve the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). This study evaluates the effectiveness of treatment with combinations of plumbagin and alternative strategies for ADT in mouse models of prostate cancer to support its clinical use.MethodsPlumbagin was administered per oral in a new sesame oil formulation. Standard toxicology studies were performed in rats. For tumor growth studies, mouse prostate cancer cell spheroids were placed on top of grafted prostate tissue in a dorsal chamber and allowed to form tumors. Mice were separated in various treatment groups and tumor size was measured over time by intra‐vital microscopy. Survival studies were done in mice after injection of prostate cancer cells in the prostate of male animals. Androgen receptor (AR) levels were analyzed by Western blot from prostate cancer cells treated with plumbagin.ResultsPlumbagin caused a decrease in AR levels in vitro. In mice, plumbagin at 1 mg/kg in sesame oil displayed low toxicity and caused a 50% tumor regression when combined with castration. The combination of plumbagin with various forms of chemical ADT including treatment with a GnRH receptor agonist, a GnRH receptor antagonist, or CYP17A1 inhibitors, outperformed ADT alone, increasing mouse survival compared to the standard regimen of castration alone. In contrast, the combination of plumbagin with AR antagonists, such as bicalutamide and enzalutamide, showed no improvement over AR antagonists alone. Thus, plumbagin is effective in combination with drugs that prevent the synthesis of testosterone or its conversion to dihydrotestosterone, but not with drugs that bind to AR.ConclusionPlumbagin significantly improves the effect of ADT drugs currently used in the clinic, with few side effects in mice.
Foliar application of benzovindiflupyr shows non‐fungicidal effects in wheat plants
Authors: Kuznetsov Dmitry , Cazenave Alexandre Brice , Rambach Odile , Camblin Philippe , Nina Mafalda , Leipner Jörg 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fungicide benzovindiflupyr belongs to the class of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs). Certain SDHIs have shown plant physiological effects, so‐called secondary effects, that appeared to be related to the plant water status. Therefore, the effect of benzovindiflupyr on transpiration of leaves and whole wheat plants was studied under controlled conditions. Furthermore, wheat yield trials under controlled and natural drought stress in the field were conducted.RESULTSTranspiration of detached wheat leaves was reduced by benzovindiflupyr in a dose‐dependent manner. Similarly, whole‐plant transpiration decreased for several days following application of this fungicide. In 16 field trials under drought stress conditions that were classified as disease‐free, treatment of wheat plants at the flag leaf stage or at heading with benzovindiflupyr showed a grain yield increase (+5.2%;P≤ 0.01) that was partially attributed to an increased thousand‐grain weight.CONCLUSIONSWater saving during pre‐anthesis as a result of benzovindiflupyr application may be associated with better seed setting and filling under dry field conditions in wheat. The results of this research provide new insights into secondary effects of SDHIs that lead directly to yield improvements. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
An inspection model for a multi‐component system subject to 2 types of failures
Authors: Yang Li , Zhao Yu , Ma Xiaobing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGroup maintenance is common and of significant importance for complex systems in industrial applications. This paper proposes a novel inspection and replacement model for a multi‐component system whose components are all subject to 2 typical failure modes, ie, catastrophic failure and minor failure. A catastrophic failure stops the system immediately, whereas a minor failure is not fatal and could only be identified by periodic inspection. At either a catastrophic or a minor failure, replacement is immediate. The maintenance cost model could be constructed through calculating the distribution of the “forward time”, which denotes the time elapse to a catastrophic failure since the previous inspection. The objective of this paper is to minimize the expected cost per unit time of the system via the optimization of the inspection interval. A case study on offshore wind turbine blades is presented to illustrate the maintenance model.
Distributed control of LPV systems over arbitrary graphs with communication latency
Authors: Farhood Mazen 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThis paper focuses on spatially distributed control systems where the controller sensing and actuation topology is inherited from that of the plant. Specifically, this paper considers distributed systems composed of discrete‐time linear parameter‐varying subsystems interconnected over general graph structures. These distributed systems are subject to a communication latency of one sampling period, where the information sent by a subsystem at the current time step is received by the target subsystem at the next time step. Analysis and synthesis conditions are derived for control design in this setting using a parameter‐dependent Lyapunov approach with the ℓ2‐induced norm as the performance measure. Fast and easy‐to‐implement algorithms are also provided for constructing the controller in real time. The techniques developed are finally applied to a leader‐follower formation problem with intermittent communications.
Mortality of silver eels migrating through different types of hydropower turbines in Lithuania
Authors: Dainys J. , Stakėnas S. , Gorfine H. , Ložys L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHydropower plants (HPP) are considered to be one of the major threats to the survival of European eels when they migrate downstream along inland water bodies during the early part of their annual journey to the spawning area in the Sargasso Sea. There are 98 HPPs in Lithuania and thousands throughout Europe. Numerous studies describe HPP induced mortality rates among European eels as variable depending on local, environmental, and technical factors. This heterogeneity in effect complicates theoretical extrapolation to eel mortality arising from specific types of HPP, necessary for effective management of local stocks. Silver eel mortality was estimated for 4 different HPPs in Lithuania. Mortality was estimated using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification, passive integrated transponders) tags and acoustic telemetry in a large HPP (>100 MW) with Kaplan turbines, a small HPP (<1 MW) with a Kaplan turbine and a fish passage, and for the first time in two small HPPs (<1 MW) with CINK turbines. The results supported a hypothesis that the mortality rate of migrating eels depends mainly on the type and size of the turbine. HPP induced mortality varied from 100% in a small CINK turbine down to 25% in the large HPP with Kaplan turbines. The importance of simple mitigation measures was highlighted by 34% of all tagged eels bypassing one of the HPP via an adjacent fish passage constructed for upstream migration of salmonids. The observed differences in mortality provide essential information for long term strategies designed to restore depleted eel populations in Lithuania and other European countries.
Regulation and function of CMTR1‐dependent mRNA cap methylation
Authors: Inesta‐Vaquera Francisco , Cowling Victoria H 
Published: October 2017

mRNA is modified co‐transcriptionally at the 5′ end by the addition of an inverted guanosine cap structure which can be methylated at several positions. The mRNA cap recruits proteins involved in gene expression and identifies the transcript as being cellular or ‘self’ in the innate immune response. Methylation of the first transcribed nucleotide on the ribose 2′‐O position is a prevalent cap modification which has roles in splicing, translation and provides protection against the innate immune response. In this review, we discuss the regulation and function of CMTR1, the first transcribed nucleotide ribose 2′‐O methyltransferase, and the molecular interactions which mediate methylated 2′‐O ribose function. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1450. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1450This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Processing > Capping and 5' End Modifications
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
EMBELLISHING THE INTERIOR SPACES OF ASSYRIA'S ROYAL PALACES: THEBĒT ḪILĀNIRECONSIDERED
Authors: Kertai David 
Published: October 2017

Thebēt ḫilāniis one of the most famous features of Assyria's royal palaces as well as one of its most elusive. The term is mostly known from Assyrian royal inscriptions, which describe it as an architectural feature inspired by the architecture of Syro-Anatolia. Such explicit references to the architecture of other cultures is exceptional and provides a rare glimpse into the valuations of Assyria's architects.Modern attempts to identify thebēt ḫilāniarchaeologically are almost as old as the field of ancient Near Eastern Studies. Unfortunately, the discourse has become more convoluted over time through the integration of disparate architectural features into a singlebēt ḫilānidiscourse and a narrow view of how architectural exchanges occur. Past research has generally assumed a morphological correspondence between the Assyrianbēt ḫilāniand the external porticoes that typify Syro-Anatolian architecture. This article will argue that Assyrian architects had a different set of ideals and interests which led them to change the external Syro-Anatolian portico into an interior feature used to add monumentality and ornamentation to the rooms of Assyria's palaces. This changes thebēt ḫilānifrom a morphological category into a decorative one and contextualises it within the architectural traditions of Assyria.