bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Study of Gas Kick Migration Velocities and Uncertainty
Authors: Fjelde K. K. , Frøyen J. , Ghauri A. A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
There has quite recently been some discussion regarding the accuracy of gas kick slippage models used in transient flow models. This is not necessarily easy to give a correct answer on. However if pressure build up gradients for a migrating kick in a closed well is used for predicting the kick migration velocity, one can easily obtain a misinterpretation due to the fact that parts of the kick can become suspended in the mud. This was discussed in a paper presented two decades ago (Johnson et al., 1995). The purpose of the paper presented here is to show what kind of uncertainties that are involved in the transient flow modelling process and how that affects the pressure build up gradients.
In this paper, a transient numerical model that can be used for simulating two-phase flow will be presented. It is based on the Drift flux model and the one dimensional advection upstream splitting method hybrid scheme (AUSMV). When using transient models for predicting the kick migration time, there are two sources of errors. The first is obvious in the sense that the gas slip parameters are uncertain. However, a less known potential source of error can be numerical diffusion and discretization errors caused by the numerical solver itself. The paper will show how the AUSMV scheme can be made less diffusive by using the slopelimiter concept.
The paper will demonstrate that the effect of numerical diffusion can be quite substantial. This will be done by simulating pressure build up in a closed well varying both the slip parameters but also the degree of numerical diffusion. In addition, the simulated effect on the pressure build up when gas get trapped in the mud for lower gas concentrations will also be demonstrated.
This paper aims at showing that the uncertainty caused by numerical diffusion can be of the same order as uncertainty in the slip parameters. It will also confirm the results reported in Johnson et al. (1995) by the use of a transient low diffusion flow model.
Long-Term Integrity of Well Cements at Downhole Conditions
Authors: Vrålstad Torbjørn , Todorovic Jelena , Saasen Arild , Godøy Rune 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The objective of plug and abandonment of wells can be described as "restoring the cap rock". In that respect, the long-term integrity of the plugging material is crucial. I.e. it is important that the plugging material can resist downhole chemicals and otherwise withstand downhole conditions. In this paper, we have performed ageing tests with cement samples at relevant downhole conditions to determine the long-term integrity of well cement as plugging material. Portland cement samples with and without silica flour as additive have been separately exposed to crude oil, brine and H2S (in brine) at 100 °C and 500 bar for 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The long-term integrity of the samples was determined by measuring changes in weight, volume, mechanical strength and permeability, as well as physical appearance.
It is seen from the results that the addition of a pozzolan such as silica has a significant impact on the long-term integrity of Portland cement, especially in a corrosive environment such as H2S. All the samples were affected by most of the different chemical environments, but the cement samples without silica were considerably more affected than the samples with silica as additive. Furthermore, the exposure to H2S in brine resulted in the formation of an unexpected white deposit, which precipitated both inside and outside the samples.
Depositional, Diagenetic, Production, and Seismic Characteristics of a Mid-Dip Tuscaloosa Point Bar Complex, Little Creek Field, Mississippi
Authors: Shew R. D. , Werren E. G. , Adams E. R. , Stancliffe R. J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Little Creek field is oil productive from a structurally and stratigraphically trapped sandstone within the Upper Cretaceous lower Tuscaloosa Formation (Mid-Dip trend of southwestern Mississippi). The field was discovered in 1958 based on the seismic interpretation of simple closure at the lower Tuscaloosa horizon at a depth of 10,750 ft. Interpretation of core and log data indicates that the objective is a series of point-bar deposits and channel abandonment facies formed by the lateral migration of a north-to-south-flowing meandering river system. Development drilling, based on geologic concepts of point-bar architectures, occurred on 40-ac spacing with a total of 208 wells drilled; 162 were successful. New seismic data across the field have shown that the sandstone is a mappable "soft" seismic event; similar techniques have been successfully used for discovery and delineation elsewhere within the Mid-Dip Tuscaloosa trend. Little Creek has undergone primary recovery, waterflood, a carbon dioxide pilot, and recent initiation of a field-scale carbon dioxide flood. Approximately 70% of the original oil in place (102 million bbl) is estimated to be recovered by all processes.
Reservoir quality and continuity are generally high and are controlled by both depositional and diagenetic processes. Average porosity and permeability are 24% and 100 md, respectively. Depositional controls-include slightly reduced vertical to horizontal permeability, local shale drapes, and channel abandonment facies. Diagenetic controls include compaction, chlorite grain coatings, and quartz and ankerite cements. The chlorite is most important in controlling the observed petrophysical properties of the sandstone including the water saturation, porosity, and bimodal pore system.
Injection and Nitrification Inhibitor Improve the Recovery of Pig Slurry Ammonium Nitrogen in Grain Crops in Brazil
Authors: Gonzatto Rogério , Chantigny Martin H. , Aita Celso , Giacomini Sandro J. , Rochette Philippe , Angers Denis A. , Pujol Stefen B. , Zirbes Emerson , De Bastiani Géssica G. , Ludke Roberto C. 
Published: March 2016

Efficient management practices are needed for no‐till (NT) cropping systems fertilized with pig slurry (PS). We evaluated the effect of application mode (surface broadcasting vs. injection) with or without the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD), on the recovery of PS ammonium nitrogen (NH4–N) in 2‐yr crop succession (corn [Zea mays L.]/oat [Avena strigosa L.]/corn/wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]) under NT and irrigation. Each crop received PS at planting. The NH4‐N fraction of PS was enriched with 15N to discriminate the contribution of current vs. past applications to crop N uptake. Compared to surface application, injection increased corn uptake of PS NH4–N by 22 kg N ha−1 under low precipitation regime, likely because it efficiently reduced ammonia volatilization; the effect was small under high precipitation regime and in winter crops in general. To the contrary, DCD doubled the uptake of PS NH4–N in corn (+24 kg N ha−1) under high precipitation regime, likely because it reduced losses through N leaching, whereas the gain was smaller under drier conditions and in winter crops in general. Because of this complementary response to injection and DCD, the retention of PS NH4–N in the soil–plant system for the whole crop succession was maximized where PS was injected in combination with DCD, being 19 to 23% greater than injection or DCD alone. The injection of DCD‐treated PS is therefore recommended to maximize crop uptake of PS NH4–N and minimize environmental losses under irrigated NT conditions in southern Brazil.Core Ideas

Injection of dicyandiamide‐treated pig slurry is a recommendable practice to maximize crop uptake of pig slurry NH4–N.
Injection of dicyandiamide‐treated pig slurry is a recommendable practice to minimize environmental N losses.
Injection was more efficient under dryer than wetter conditions.
Dicyandiamide added to pig slurry improved the retention of pig slurry NH4–N only under wet conditions.
Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella Questionnaire for French-Speaking Patients With Patellar Tendinopathy
Authors: Kaux Jean-François , Delvaux François , Oppong-Kyei Julian , Beaudart Charlotte , Buckinx Fanny , Croisier Jean-Louis , Forthomme Bénédicte , Crielaard Jean-Michel , Bruyère Olivier 
Published: March 2016

Study Design Clinical measurement study. Background The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P), originally developed in English, assesses the severity of patellar tendinopathy symptoms. To date, no French version of the questionnaire exists. Objectives The aim of our study was to translate the VISA-P into French and verify its psychometric properties. Methods The translation and cultural adaptation were performed according to international recommendations in 6 steps: initial translation, translation merging, back translation to the original language, use of an expert committee to reach a prefinal version, test of the prefinal version, and expert committee appraisal of a final version. Afterward, the psychometric properties of the final French version (VISA-PF) were assessed in 92 subjects, divided into 3 groups: pathological subjects (n = 28), asymptomatic subjects (n = 22), and sports-risk subjects (n = 42). Results All members of the expert committee agreed with the final version. On a scale ranging from 0 to 100, with 100 representing an asymptomatic subject, the average ± SD scores on the VISA-PF were 53 ± 17 for the pathological group, 99 ± 2 for the healthy group, and 86 ± 14 for the sports-risk group. The test-retest reliability of the VISA-PF was excellent, with good internal consistency. Correlations between the VISA-PF and divergent validity of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) were low, and the correlation coefficient values measured between the VISA-PF scores and converged items of the SF-36 were higher. Conclusion The VISA-PF is understandable, valid, and suitable for French-speaking patients with patellar tendinopathy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(5):384–390. Epub 21 Mar 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.5937
Comparing the Predictive Value of Task Performance and Task-Specific Sensitivity During Physical Function Testing Among People With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wideman Timothy H. , Edwards Robert R. , Finan Patrick H. , Haythornthwaite Jennifer A. , Smith Michael T. 
Published: March 2016

Study Design Cross-sectional cohort. Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of pain and mobility restriction. Past research has advocated the use of brief, functional tasks to evaluate these restrictions, such as the six-minute-walk test and the timed up-and-go test. Typically, only task performance (ie, walking distance, completion time) is used to inform clinical practice. Recent research, however, suggests that individual variance in how people feel while completing these tasks (ie, task sensitivity) might also have important clinical value. Objective To compare the predictive value of task performance and task-specific sensitivity in determining OA-related physical function (measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) and pain-related interference (measured by the Multidimensional Pain Inventory). Methods One hundred eight participants with chronic knee OA completed the six-minute-walk test and the timed up-and-go test, and reported levels of discomfort and affective response (mood) associated with each test. Results In separate regression models, both task performance and task-specific sensitivity predicted OA-related physical function and pain-related interference. A final regression model including all significant predictors showed that task-specific sensitivity (specifically, post-six-minute-walk discomfort) emerged as a unique predictor of both outcomes. Conclusion These findings highlight the value of a novel clinical assessment strategy for patients with knee OA. While clinicians commonly focus on how patients perform on standardized functional tasks, these results highlight the value of also considering levels of posttask sensitivity. Measures of task-specific sensitivity relate to Maitland's concept of pain irritability, which may be a useful framework for future research on sensitizing factors and pain-related disability. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(5):346–356. Epub 21 Mar 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6311
Hypoglycemic effect of poly-herbal combination in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Kurian Gino A. 
Published: March 2016

<p class="Abstract">The present study evaluates the combinatorial effect of a poly-herbal combination with multiple therapeutic effects as a hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent. Herbal combination of <em>Salacia oblonga, Tinospora cordifolia, Emblica officinalis, Curcuma longa</em> and <em>Gymnema sylvestre</em> was prepared and administered to streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced diabetic rats, at a dose of 100 mg/kg, for four weeks. The poly-herbal combination significantly elevated the plasma insulin (90%) and reduced serum glucose (42%), cholesterol (49%), triglycerides (43%), LDL cholesterol (62.5%) and plasma apo B/apo A in the diabetic rats. The liver lipogenic enzymes like HMG CoA reductase and glucose-6-phosphatase significantly declined (p&lt;0.05) in their activity while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzymes showed higher activity compared to the diabetic control. The results suggest a significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic property for the poly-herbal combination.</p><p> </p>
La Révolution française et la presse de Suède.
Authors: Chevaucherie Eric 
Published: March 2016

French Revolution and the Swedish Press.
The Swedish crown reacted vigorously to the news of the July 1789 events in Paris. Stockholm had been francophile and the ally of Ancien Régime France for more than a century. But what about the reaction of the Swedish population in the peripheral areas of the kingdom ? The reading of the articles published in Gävle's weekly, a small town in northern Sweden, allows us to measure better the real diffusion and reception of the events and the ideas reaching them from France over the 1789-1799 period. Although all the Swedish press drew its information from newspapers and gazettes written in German, the relation of the facts and the critical comments read in the columns of Weckoblad för Gefleborgs Lan are characterized by various factors. Censorship, reestablished in 1792, and the dependence on the Stockholm press, which had a monopoly on foreign policy information, limit in practice the expression of provincial public opinion. Finally, the time and distance factors, which separate Paris from the Scandinavians confines of Europe, as well as the idealization or diabolization of France and its revolution make the understanding of the events quite haphazard.
Enhancing and Restoring Habitat for the Desert Tortoise
Authors: Abella Scott R. , Berry Kristin H. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Habitat has changed unfavorably during the past 150 y for the desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii, a federally threatened species with declining populations in the Mojave Desert and western Sonoran Desert. To support recovery efforts, we synthesized published information on relationships of desert tortoises with three habitat features (cover sites, forage, and soil) and candidate management practices for improving these features for tortoises. In addition to their role in soil health and facilitating recruitment of annual forage plants, shrubs are used by desert tortoises for cover and as sites for burrows. Outplanting greenhouse-grown seedlings, protected from herbivory, has successfully restored (&gt;50% survival) a variety of shrubs on disturbed desert soils. Additionally, salvaging and reapplying topsoil using effective techniques is among the more ecologically beneficial ways to initiate plant recovery after severe disturbance. Through differences in biochemical composition and digestibility, some plant species provide better-quality forage than others. Desert tortoises selectively forage on particular annual and herbaceous perennial species (e.g., legumes), and forage selection shifts during the year as different plants grow or mature. Nonnative grasses provide low-quality forage and contribute fuel to spreading wildfires, which damage or kill shrubs that tortoises use for cover. Maintaining a diverse “menu” of native annual forbs and decreasing nonnative grasses are priorities for restoring most desert tortoise habitats. Reducing herbivory by nonnative animals, carefully timing herbicide applications, and strategically augmenting annual forage plants via seeding show promise for improving tortoise forage quality. Roads, another disturbance, negatively affect habitat in numerous ways (e.g., compacting soil, altering hydrology). Techniques such as recontouring road berms to reestablish drainage patterns, vertical mulching (“planting” dead plant material), and creating barriers to prevent trespasses can assist natural recovery on decommissioned backcountry roads. Most habitat enhancement efforts to date have focused on only one factor at a time (e.g., providing fencing) and have not included proactive restoration activities (e.g., planting native species on disturbed soils). A research and management priority in recovering desert tortoise habitats is implementing an integrated set of restorative habitat enhancements (e.g., reducing nonnative plants, improving forage quality, augmenting native perennial plants, and ameliorating altered hydrology) and monitoring short- and long-term indicators of habitat condition and the responses of desert tortoises to habitat restoration.
Overcoming Shallow Hazards in Deepwater Malikai Batch-Set Top-Hole Sections with Engineered Trimodal Particle-Size Distribution Cement
Authors: Goenawan Jessica , Goncalves Rodrigo , Dooply Mohammed , Pasteris Mathieu , Heu Tieng-Soon , Chan Lakmun , Bhaskaran Sunderesan , Hinoul Wim 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The well construction strategy for the Deepwater Malikai project, Malaysia, included 36-in. structural pipe jetting and 13 5/8-in. surface casing riserless cementing for top-hole sections with the objective for further development of lower sections with tension leg platform (TLP). Cementing of the 17 ½-in. surface hole mainly dominated by shale formation and penetrating multiple shallow faults required isolating shallow gas sands by bringing top of cement to the seabed, thus meeting the well integrity requirement stipulated by the Malaysian Petroleum Management (MPM).
The cement slurry design for the 13 5/8-in. casing with riserless mud recovery system includes selection of lightweight trimodal particle-size distribution cement blend optimized with a gas migration control agent and low-temperature dispersant. This mitigates dynamic losses in unconsolidated formations and faults having narrow margins between pore and fracture pressures. Cement slurry achieves faster compressive strength and static gel strength development at lower seabed temperature, preventing casing subsidence and providing good shoe strength. The cement job design respects density and friction pressure hierarchies, providing flat fluid interfaces between successive fluids pumped, combined with optimal casing standoff and displacement efficiency ensuring effective mud removal in highly deviated large-annulus top-holes.
This paper will discuss the extensive laboratory testing employed to qualify the engineered trimodal lightweight cement slurry design and effective mud removal strategy fit for the applications on the seven batch-set top-hole sections, achieving zonal isolation requirement.
Optimized Well Performance Through Stage Fracturing and Coiled Tubing Perforations and Isolation Operations in a Horizontal Tight Gas Reservoir: A Case Study
Authors: Anand Abhijeet 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Coiled tubing (CT) services in India are positioned as highly tailored services with operations such as cleanout, nitrogen kickoff, and matrix stimulation in vertical or slightly deviated well. With the advent of horizontal wells in India, the scope of CT applications has increased considerably, especially for multistage fracturing in tight reservoirs.
This paper deals with well performance optimization in a tight gas reservoir in the Cambay basin situated along the western coast of India. Most of the reservoirs in the basin are very low permeability, and hydraulic fracturing may be the only way to achieve economic production from the reservoirs in most cases. The successful execution implied tapping into the unconventional gas reservoirs in India, which are expected to account for 75% of gas production in India by 2035. The plan was to fracture stimulate eight zones in four stages and later mill the isolation plugs to put the well into production from all eight zones. An innovative perforation technique of using dual firing head guns—an electronic firing head and circulation ball drop-activated firing (CBF)—in the same run to selectively perforate two clusters was used.
The presence of gas in the CT-tubing annulus while perforating the upper formations and the adequate isolation through the flow-through plug to provide appropriate pressure differential for the CBF were the major challenges faced whilst perforating. Previous failure in the offset well was carefully analyzed to identify the root cause and come up with appropriate job design and operating procedures. The job was designed to keep backpressure in a balanced condition to the reservoir pressure to prevent any inflow of gas through plug, and the electronic firing head was optimally programmed above the cushion reference pressure. A rise in the wellhead pressure and shock at the wellhead were the surface indications observed for both the electronic and CBF firing heads while the latter also exhibited sudden rise and then drop in circulation pressures.
The project was executed in a defined timeline as per client expectations. The well was completed with eight fractures in four stages placing the designed amount of proppant. Initial production estimates have been very encouraging, with increased Oil Gas Ratio (OGR) leading to 20% greater production than forecast. This operation has opened new possibilities for the use of CT services in horizontal wells in the same formation.