bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐stationary bias correction of monthly CMIP5 temperature projections over China using a residual‐based bagging tree model
Authors: Tao Yumeng , Yang Tiantian , Faridzad Mohammad , Jiang Lin , He Xiaojia , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe biases in the Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are crucial for understanding future climate changes. Currently, most bias correction methodologies suffer from the assumption that model bias is stationary. This paper provides a non‐stationary bias correction model, termed residual‐based bagging tree (RBT) model, to reduce simulation biases and to quantify the contributions of single models. Specifically, the proposed model estimates the residuals between individual models and observations, and takes the differences between observations and the ensemble mean into consideration during the model training process. A case study is conducted for 10 major river basins in Mainland China during different seasons. Results show that the proposed model is capable of providing accurate and stable predictions while including the non‐stationarities into the modelling framework. Significant reductions in both bias and root mean squared error are achieved with the proposed RBT model, especially for the central and western parts of China. The proposed RBT model has consistently better performance in reducing biases when compared with the raw ensemble mean, the ensemble mean with simple additive bias correction, and the single best model for different seasons. Furthermore, the contribution of each single GCM in reducing the overall bias is quantified. The single model importance varies between 3.1% and 7.2%. For different future scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5), the results from RBT model suggest temperature increases of 1.44, 2.59, and 4.71 °C by the end of the century, respectively, when compared with the average temperature during 1970–1999.
Three‐dimensionally printed polyetherketoneketone scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells for the reconstruction of critical‐sized mandibular defects
Authors: Roskies Michael G. , Fang Dongdong , Abdallah Mohamed‐Nur , Charbonneau Andre M. , Cohen Navi , Jordan Jack O. , Hier Michael P. , Mlynarek Alex , Tamimi Faleh , Tran Simon D. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveAdditive manufacturing offers a tailored approach to tissue engineering by providing anatomically precise scaffolds onto which stem cells and growth factors can be supplied. Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), an ideal candidate biomaterial, is limited by a poor implant–bone interface but can be functionalized with adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC) to promote integration. This in vivo study examined the interaction of a three‐dimensional printed PEKK/ADSC implant within the critical‐sized mandibular defect in a rabbit model.Study Design/MethodsTrapezoidal porous scaffolds with dimensions of 1.5 × 1.0 × 0.5 cm were printed using selective laser sintering. ADSCs were seeded on the scaffolds that were then implanted in marginal defects created in New Zealand rabbits. Rabbits were euthanized at 10‐ and 20‐week intervals. Microcomputed tomography was used to characterize bone ingrowth and was correlated with histological analysis. Stress testing was performed on the scaffolds before and after implantation.ResultsAll scaffolds were well integrated into adjacent bone. Bone‐to‐tissue volume increased from 30.34% ( ± 12.46) to 61.27% ( ± 8.24), and trabecular thickness increased from 0.178 mm ( ± 0.069) to 0.331 mm ( ± 0.0306) in the 10‐ and 20‐week groups, respectively, compared to no bone regrowth on the control side (P < 0.05). Histology confirmed integration at the bone–implant interface. Biomechanical testing revealed a compressive resistance 15 times that of bone alone (P < 0.05)Conclusion3D‐printed PEKK scaffolds combined with ADSCs present a promising solution to improve the bone–implant interface and increase the resistance to forces of mastication after mandibular reconstruction.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:E392–E398, 2017
Analysis of factors associated with electing endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: DeConde Adam S. , Mace Jess C. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveMedically refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can be managed with appropriate continued medical therapy (CMT) or surgery followed by CMT. Patients who initially elect CMT and do not experience adequate symptom resolution may “cross over” to endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Our objective was to identify patient covariates associated with this subset of patients who elect this change in treatment modality.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of a prospective, multi‐center cohort of adult patients with CRS enrolled between March 2011 and June 2015 in academic, tertiary referral clinics.MethodsSubjects who initially elected CMT were followed up to 18 months, provided a comprehensive medical history, and completed the 22‐item SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) at baseline and during 6‐month follow‐up intervals. Hazard regression modeling was used to identify covariates associated with elective change in treatment modality.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐nine subjects were followed for an average 15.1 (standard deviation ± 4.6) months. Subjects who elected ESS (55 of 179) had significantly worse average endoscopy scores and reported worse SNOT‐22 sleep dysfunction scores at baseline (P ≤ 0.026). For each single increasing (worsening) point of Lund‐Kennedy endoscopy score, the hazard ratio (HR) of crossover increased by ∼6%. Similarly, for every point of worsening in baseline SNOT‐22 total score, the hazard of treatment crossover increased by ∼2%. After covariate adjustment, only baseline SNOT‐22 sleep dysfunction scores were associated with an increased risk of treatment crossover (HR = 1.07; 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.11; P = 0.003).ConclusionBaseline total SNOT‐22 and endoscopy scores are associated with treatment crossover, but reported sleep dysfunction is the only significant independent predictor of treatment crossover.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 128:304–310, 2018
Carbon Nanotubes‐Polyurethane Vitrimer Nanocomposites with the Ability of Surface Welding Controlled by Heat and Near‐Infrared Light
Authors: Yan Peiyao , Zhao Wei , Wang Yanjun , Jiang Yuanyuan , Zhou Changlin , Lei Jingxin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWelding technology of polymer materials, serving as an exceedingly good tactics to save materials, reduce cost, and reduce material loss, is only extensively applied in thermoplastic materials for the moment. Recently, a new class of polymer, known as vitrimer, has attracted the eye of researchers because it realizes the reprocessing and reshape of thermosets and possesses many excellent functions, such as multishape memory, healing, and surface welding. Among these, the vitrimer makes the surface welding of thermosetting material possible. In this paper, carbon nanotubes‐polyurethane vitrimer nanocomposites with the capability of surface welding controlled by heat and near‐infrared (NIR) light are successfully prepared. Here, the effects of surface welding are characterized by lap shear tests and optical microscope. In addition, from the control experiments, it is found that the shear strength of the light‐welding sample under NIR illumination for 1 min is greater than that of the heat‐welding sample at 110 °C for 10 min. Furthermore, thermosetting polyurethane has been applied in many fields, and it is hoped that the findings, especially near‐infrared welding technology, will make some contributions for welding technology of polymer.
Preparation of semi‐alternating conjugated polymers using direct arylation polymerization (DArP) and improvement of photovoltaic device performance through structural variation
Authors: Pankow Robert M. , Gobalasingham Nemal S. , Munteanu John D. , Thompson Barry C. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe results herein expand on optimized direct arylation polymerization (DArP) conditions for defect‐free poly[(2,5‐bis (2‐hexyldecyloxy)phenylene)‐alt‐(4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5] thiadiazole)] (PPDTBT). Semi‐alternating and alternating donor–acceptor polymers containing alkoxy phenylene, dithienyl‐substituted thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (DTTPD), and dithienyl‐substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (DTDPP) were prepared via DArP, including a four‐component semi‐alternating copolymer PPDTDPPTPD. Variation of the alkoxy substituents on the phenylene donor including n‐hexyl, 2‐ethylhexyl, or 2‐hexyldecyl allowed for the tuning of thephysical and electronic properties. Molecular weights (Mn) ranged from 3.07 to 28.3 kDa for the PPDTTPD polymers and 2.63‐44.0 kDa for the PPDTDPP polymers, depending on the alkoxy substituents. Absorbance maxima and HOMO energies were varied from 550 to 602 nm and −5.31 to −5.69 eV for the PPDTTPD polymers and from 671 to 794 nm and −5.41 to −5.55 eV for the PPDTDPP polymers, respectively. Additive‐free, bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells were fabricated, and the fill‐factors obtained (0.57–0.63) are some of the highest reported for polymers prepared using DArP. Higher molecular weight polymers for both PPDTTPD (28 kDa) and PPDTDPP (44 kDa) series performed poorly in solar cells. In contrast, the semi‐alternating polymers of lower Mn for the PPDTTPD (12.4 kDa) and PPDTDPP (9.05 kDa) series, incorporating both n‐hexyl and 2‐hexyldecyl alkoxy phenylene donors, provided power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 3.26% and 3.49%, respectively. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3370–3380
Novel approaches for the preparation of magnetic nanogels via covalent bonding
Authors: Pikabea Aintzane , Forcada Jacqueline 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTHere, novel methods to encapsulate magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into dual‐stimuli‐responsive nanogels via covalent bonding are reported. With the aim of strengthening the attachment of MNPs with the nanogels, primary amine‐ and epoxide‐functionalized stimuli‐sensitive poly(2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA)‐based nanogels were firstly synthesized. Then, MNPs were incorporated into the nanogels by using different methods, obtaining different families of magnetic nanogels (MNGs). Those MNGs, showing pH‐sensitivity and high superparamagnetic response, could be considered to be widely useful as theranostic agents in biomedical applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3573–3586
Self‐assembly and lower critical solution temperature properties of supramolecular block copolymer/ionic liquid complexes depending on the alkyl chain length of imidazolium rings
Authors: Noh Minjoo , Cho Byoung‐Ki 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTWe report the liquid crystalline (LC) assembly and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) properties of wedge‐shaped block copolymer (BCP)/1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([CnMIM][BF4], n = 2, 4, 6) complexes (1–3) depending on the alkyl chain length of the ionic liquids (ILs). In contrast to the crystalline BCP, all of the ionic samples showed LC phases. 1 with [C2MIM][BF4] exhibited a hexagonal columnar phase, and 3 with [C6MIM][BF4] exhibited a gyroid phase. Interestingly, a temperature‐dependent transformation from columnar phase to gyroid phase was revealed for 2 with [C4MIM][BF4]. The phase difference may be explained by the supramolecular shape change that was dependent on the alkyl chain length of the ILs. The LCST behavior was characterized using the differential scanning calorimetry, turbidity observations, and the X‐ray diffraction techniques. Notably, the primary d‐spacing began to decrease at the clouding temperature (Tc). 3 showed the highest Tc at 130 °C, which is greater than the temperature of the order‐to‐disorder transition. The results demonstrate that the subtle variation in the IL structure affects the morphological and LCST properties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3587–3596
Educational and vocational goal disruption in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors
Authors: Vetsch Janine , Wakefield Claire E. , McGill Brittany C. , Cohn Richard J. , Ellis Sarah J. , Stefanic Natalie , Sawyer Susan M. , Zebrack Brad , Sansom‐Daly Ursula M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveCancer in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) can interrupt important developmental milestones. Absence from school and time lost from work, together with the physical impacts of treatment on energy and cognition, can disrupt educational and vocational goals. The purpose of this paper is to report on AYA cancer survivors' experiences of reintegration into school and/or work and to describe perceived changes in their educational and vocational goals.MethodsAdolescents and young adults recruited from 7 hospitals in Australia, aged 15 to 26 years and ≤24 months posttreatment, were interviewed using the psychosocial adjustment to illness scale. Responses were analysed to determine the extent of, and explanations for, cancer's effect on school/work.ResultsForty‐two AYA cancer survivors (50% female) participated. Compared with their previous vocational functioning, 12 (28.6%) were scored as experiencing mild impairment, 14 (33.3%) moderate impairment, and 3 (7.1%) marked impairment. Adolescents and young adults described difficulties reintegrating to school/work as a result of cognitive impacts such as concentration problems and physical impacts of their treatment, including fatigue. Despite these reported difficulties, the majority indicated that their vocation goals were of equal or greater importance than before diagnosis (26/42; 62%), and most AYAs did not see their performance as compromised (23/42; 55%). Many survivors described a positive shift in life goals and priorities. The theme of goal conflict emerged where AYAs reported compromised abilities to achieve their goals.ConclusionsThe physical and cognitive impacts of treatment can make returning to school/work challenging for AYA cancer survivors. Adolescents and young adults experiencing difficulties may benefit from additional supports to facilitate meaningful engagement with their chosen educational/vocational goals.
Wafer yield prediction using derived spatial variables
Authors: Dong Hang , Chen Nan , Wang Kaibo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUnreliable chips tend to form spatial clusters on semiconductor wafers. The spatial patterns of these defects are largely reflected in functional testing results. However, the spatial cluster information of unreliable chips has not been fully used to predict the performance in field use in the literature. This paper proposes a novel wafer yield prediction model that incorporates the spatial clustering information in functional testing. Fused LASSO is first adopted to derive variables based on the spatial distribution of defect clusters. Then, a logistic regression model is used to predict the final yield (ratio of chips that remain functional until expected lifetime) with derived spatial covariates and functional testing values. The proposed model is evaluated both on real production wafers and in an extensive simulation study. The results show that by explicitly considering the characteristics of defect clusters, our proposed model provides improved performance compared to existing methods. Moreover, the cross‐validation experiments prove that our approach is capable of using historical data to predict yield on newly produced wafers.
Uncertainty analysis of trade‐offs between multiple responses using hypervolume
Authors: Cao Yongtao , Lu Lu , Anderson‐Cook Christine M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhen multiple responses are considered in process optimization, the degree to which they can be simultaneously optimized depends on the optimization objectives and the amount of trade‐offs between the responses. The normalized hypervolume of the Pareto front is a useful summary to quantify the amount of trade‐offs required to balance performance across the multiple responses. To quantify the impact of uncertainty of the estimated response surfaces and add realism to what future data to expect, 2 versions of the scaled normalized hypervolume of the Pareto front are presented. To demonstrate the variation of the hypervolume distributions, we explore a case study for a chemical process involving 3 responses, each with a different type of optimization goal. Results show that the global normalized hypervolume characterizes the proximity to the ideal results possible, while the instance‐specific summary considers the richness of the front and the severity of trade‐offs between alternatives. The 2 scaling schemes complement each other and highlight different features of the Pareto front and hence are useful to quantify what solutions are possible for simultaneous optimization of multiple responses.
Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Sn‐Mn Mixed Oxide Nano‐rods with Exposed (110) Facets and Remarkable Catalytic Performance
Authors: Peng Honggen , Zhang Li , Sun Qi , Shen Jiating , Xu Xianglan , Fang Xiuzhong , Liu Wenming , Wang Zheng , Zhang Ning , Wang Xiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMetal oxides with special exposed facets have very important effect on their catalytic performances. Though mono‐metal oxides exposed special facets can be easily prepared via various approaches, the synthesis of mixed metal oxides exposed special facets are still a challenge to date. Herein, Sn−Mn mixed oxide nano‐rods exposed (110) facet have been successfully synthesized by a facile one step hydrothermal method firstly. The structure of Sn−Mn mixed metal oxide nano‐rods was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X‐Ray spectroscopy (EDX)‐mapping and the powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. With the Sn−Mn molar ratios changed from 10–0 to 7–3, the morphology of the samples also changed simultaneously. Interestingly, with increasing the amount of Mn, the diameter of the nano‐rods was decreased evidently. On the other hand, when the Sn−Mn molar ratio was below 8–2 (assigned as SnMn8‐2 NR), the nano‐particles with irregular morphology were beginning occurred. All of the SnMn mixed oxides nano‐rods were shown improved catalytic performance for CO oxidation compared with pure SnO2 nano‐rods and MnOx nano‐particles. The superior catalytic performance of SnMn nano‐rods should be attributed to their special exposed (110) facet and more amount of surface active O species. It is noted that SnMn8‐2 NR is the most active catalyst among all these samples and have a good stability in the presence or absence of water vapor. This work can help people to design new kinds of mixed metal oxide catalysts with exposed facets.
Macrometastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients is Associated with Higher Recurrence in Lateral Neck Nodes
Authors: Kim Soo Young , Kim Bup‐Woo , Pyo Ju Yeon , Hong Soon Won , Chang Hang‐Seok , Park Cheong Soo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe use of routine central compartment neck dissection surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is controversial. Although macroscopic central neck lymph node metastasis (CNLN) in PTC is a poor prognostic factor correlated with increased loco‐regional recurrence, the significance of microscopic metastasis to the central lymph nodes is not established. Herein, we aimed to assess the influence of the size of CNLN on disease recurrence among PTC patients.MethodsData from 233 patients who underwent less than total thyroidectomy with CNLN dissection in 1989–1999 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were assigned to three groups according to the central node metastasis: no metastasis (Group I), micrometastasis (<2 mm, Group II), and macrometastasis (≥2 mm, Group III). Clinicopathological features, recurrence rate, site of recurrence, and disease‐free survival (DFS) were assessed.ResultsOf the 233 patients enrolled (mean follow‐up period, 16.1 years), 134 (57.5%) had no central neck metastasis, 37 (15.9%) had micrometastasis, and 62 (26.6%) had macrometastasis. Demographics and tumour variables were similar among the three groups. Recurrence rates were 12.7, 16.2, and 43.5% in Groups I, II, and III, respectively (p < 0.001). Group III had a 3.2‐fold increased relative risk of recurrence and a significantly decreased DFS compared to Group I. Group III showed significantly higher rates of lateral neck nodes metastasis than Groups I and II.ConclusionsIn conclusion, macrometastasis significantly affects disease recurrence in PTC patients, whereas microscopic metastasis has only marginal effects. Macroscopic CNLN metastasis showed a significantly higher recurrence in the lateral neck node compared to micrometastasis.
Derivation, Validation and Application of a Pragmatic Risk Prediction Index for Benchmarking of Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Spence Richard T. , Chang David C. , Kaafarani Haytham M. A. , Panieri Eugenio , Anderson Geoffrey A. , Hutter Matthew M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground
Despite the existence of multiple validated risk assessment and quality benchmarking tools in surgery, their utility outside of high‐income countries is limited. We sought to derive, validate and apply a scoring system that is both (1) feasible, and (2) reliably predicts mortality in a middle‐income country (MIC) context.Methods
A 5‐step methodology was used: (1) development of a de novo surgical outcomes database modeled around the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) in South Africa (SA dataset), (2) use of the resultant data to identify all predictors of in‐hospital death with more than 90% capture indicating feasibility of collection, (3) use these predictors to derive and validate an integer‐based score that reliably predicts in‐hospital death in the 2012 ACS‐NSQIP, (4) apply the score in the original SA dataset and demonstrate its performance, (5) identify threshold cutoffs of the score to prompt action and drive quality improvement.Results
Following step one‐three above, the 13 point Codman’s score was derived and validated on 211,737 and 109,079 patients, respectively, and includes: age 65 (1), partially or completely dependent functional status (1), preoperative transfusions ≥4 units (1), emergency operation (2), sepsis or septic shock (2) American Society of Anesthesia score ≥3 (3) and operative procedure (1–3). Application of the score to 373 patients in the SA dataset showed good discrimination and calibration to predict an in‐hospital death. A Codman Score of 8 is an optimal cutoff point for defining expected and unexpected deaths.ConclusionWe have designed a novel risk prediction score specific for a MIC context. The Codman Score can prove useful for both (1) preoperative decision‐making and (2) benchmarking the quality of surgical care in MIC’s.