bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐associated microRNA expression in human peripheral blood is associated with all‐cause mortality and age‐related traits
Authors: Huan Tianxiao , Chen George , Liu Chunyu , Bhattacharya Anindya , Rong Jian , Chen Brian H. , Seshadri Sudha , Tanriverdi Kahraman , Freedman Jane E. , Larson Martin G. , Murabito Joanne M. , Levy Daniel 
Published: October 2017

SummaryRecent studies provide evidence of correlations of DNA methylation and expression of protein‐coding genes with human aging. The relations of microRNA expression with age and age‐related clinical outcomes have not been characterized thoroughly. We explored associations of age with whole‐blood microRNA expression in 5221 adults and identified 127 microRNAs that were differentially expressed by age at P < 3.3 × 10−4 (Bonferroni‐corrected). Most microRNAs were underexpressed in older individuals. Integrative analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression revealed changes in age‐associated mRNA expression possibly driven by age‐associated microRNAs in pathways that involve RNA processing, translation, and immune function. We fitted a linear model to predict ‘microRNA age’ that incorporated expression levels of 80 microRNAs. MicroRNA age correlated modestly with predicted age from DNA methylation (r = 0.3) and mRNA expression (r = 0.2), suggesting that microRNA age may complement mRNA and epigenetic age prediction models. We used the difference between microRNA age and chronological age as a biomarker of accelerated aging (Δage) and found that Δage was associated with all‐cause mortality (hazards ratio 1.1 per year difference, P = 4.2 × 10−5 adjusted for sex and chronological age). Additionally, Δage was associated with coronary heart disease, hypertension, blood pressure, and glucose levels. In conclusion, we constructed a microRNA age prediction model based on whole‐blood microRNA expression profiling. Age‐associated microRNAs and their targets have potential utility to detect accelerated aging and to predict risks for age‐related diseases.
Bayesian genome‐wide association analysis for body weight in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Authors: Yoshida G. M. , Lhorente J. P. , Carvalheiro R. , Yáñez J. M. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryWe performed a genome‐wide association study to detect markers associated with growth traits in Atlantic salmon. The analyzed traits included body weight at tagging (BWT) and body weight at 25 months (BW25M). Genotypes of 4662 animals were imputed from the 50K SNP chip to the 200K SNP chip using fimpute software. The markers were simultaneously modeled using Bayes C to identify genomic regions associated with the traits. We identified windows explaining a maximum of 3.71% and 3.61% of the genetic variance for BWT and BW25M respectively. We found potential candidate genes located within the top ten 1‐Mb windows for BWT and BW25M. For instance, the vitronectin (VTN) gene, which has been previously reported to be associated with cell growth, was found within one of the top ten 1‐Mb windows for BWT. In addition, the WNT1‐inducible‐signaling pathway protein 3, melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein 2, myosin light chain kinase, transforming growth factor beta receptor type 3 and myosin light chain 1 genes, which have been reported to be associated with skeletal growth in humans, growth stimulation during the larval stage in zebrafish, body weight in pigs, feed conversion in chickens and growth rate of sheep skeletal muscle respectively, were found within some of the top ten 1‐Mb windows for BW25M. These results indicate that growth traits are most likely controlled by many variants with relatively small effects in Atlantic salmon. The genomic regions associated with the traits studied here may provide further insight into the functional regions underlying growth traits in this species.
Partial characterization of phylogeny, ecology and function of the fibrolytic bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens OS14, newly isolated from the rumen of swamp buffalo
Authors: Boonsaen Phoompong , Kinjo Madoka , Sawanon Suriya , Suzuki Yutaka , Koike Satoshi , Kobayashi Yasuo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe fibrolytic rumen bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciensOS14 was isolated from swamp buffalo and its phylogenetic, ecological and digestive properties were partially characterized. Isolates from rumen contents of four swamp buffalo were screened for fibrolytic bacteria; one of the 40 isolates showed a distinctive feature of solubilizing cellulose powder in liquid culture and was identified as R. flavefaciens based on its 16S ribosomal DNA sequence. This isolate, OS14, was employed for detection and digestion studies, for which a quantitative PCR assay was developed and defined cultures were tested with representative forages in Thailand. OS14 was phylogenetically distant from other isolated and uncultured R. flavefaciens and showed limited distribution among Thai ruminants but was absent in Japanese cattle. OS14 digested rice straw and other tropical forage to a greater extent than the type strain C94 of R. flavefaciens. OS14 produced more lactate than C94, and digested para grass to produce propionate more extensively in co‐culture with lactate‐utilizing Selenomonas ruminantium S137 than a co‐culture of C94 with S137. These results indicate that phylogenetically distinct OS14 could digest Thai local forage more efficiently than the type strain, possibly forming a symbiotic cross‐feeding relationship with lactate‐utilizing bacteria. This strain might be useful for future animal and other industrial applications.
The influence of text cohesion and picture detail on young readers’ knowledge of science topics
Authors: Désiron Juliette C. , de Vries Erica , Bartel Anna N. , Varahamurti Nalini 
Published: October 2017

Background and AimThe effects of text cohesion and added pictures on acquired knowledge have been heavily studied each in isolation. Furthermore, studies on the effects of specific characteristics of pictures, whether facilitating or hindering, are scarce. Schnotz's ITCP Model (2014) allows to formulate hypotheses regarding the combined effect of text cohesion and presence and level of detail of a picture. This study investigates these hypotheses in the case of children reading scientific texts.SampleOne hundred and one‐second‐, third‐, and fourth‐grade pupils with a mean age of 9 years, in the western United States.MethodsData were collected over three sessions to encompass an understanding of each pupil's knowledge based on prior sessions.Results and ConclusionsResults showed a significant increase in pupils’ knowledge between pre‐test and immediate post‐test, but as hypothesized, no significant difference between levels of cohesion. No significant difference between types of pictures was detected. After 1 week, knowledge built with a high cohesive text significantly dropped with low‐detail picture, whereas, with high detail, or no picture, there was no significant difference. Results suggested that when participants were given a low‐detail picture with a low cohesive text, the integration process of the material was more restricted than with a high cohesive text.
Grain Transportation Policy Reform in Western Canada
Authors: Brewin Derek G. , Schmitz Troy G. , Nolan James F. , Gray Richard S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn 2016, the Minister of Transport released a review of the Canada Transportation Act that recommended the eventual removal of the Maximum Revenue Entitlement (MRE) governing the movement of grain by rail. The MRE is sometimes referred to as a revenue cap, but the MRE sets a maximum average allowable freight rate over all tonnes of grain moved. There is no a priori cap to the revenue or amount of grain moved. We argue that the MRE permitted railways to set prices to promote more efficient movement. This paper evaluates the consequences of ending the MRE in the context of Canada's evolving grain supply chain and its interaction with railways. Assuming cartel behavior among railways, we find that the removal of the MRE for grain transportation could increase rates by $42 to $73/t, depending on the market power of grain companies. Farmer prices were lowered by basis shifts larger than $73 in 2013–14, but a long‐term rate increase of this magnitude could generate regulatory or strategic responses that were not part of our model. In our worst case scenario, farmers lose 90% of their current surplus. Even modest amounts of market power can generate significant farm price reductions.En 2016, le ministre du Transport déposait le rapport de l'examen de la Loi sur les transports au Canada. Y était proposée l'éventuelle élimination du Revenu admissible maximal (RAM) gouvernant le transport du grain par chemin de fer. L'on qualifie souvent le RAM de plafond du revenu, mais le RAM établit un maximum taux moyen autorisé de fret sur toutes les tonnes de grain acheminées. Aucun plafond n'est fixé pour le revenu ni la quantité de grain transporté. Nous croyons que le RAM a permis aux lignes ferroviaires d'établir leur prix et de promouvoir un transport plus efficient. Cet article évalue les conséquences de l'élimination du RAM au sein du contexte évolutif de la chaine canadienne d'approvisionnement en grain, et ses interactions avec les lignes ferroviaires. Supposant des comportements anticoncurrentiels parmi les lignes ferroviaires, nous concluons que l'élimination du RAM pour le transport du grain pourrait augmenter les taux de 42 $ à 73 $ par tonne, en fonction du pouvoir des sociétés céréalières sur le marché. Les prix agricoles ont été baissés de marges de base dépassant les 73 $ en 2013–14, mais une augmentation du taux de cette envergure à long terme pourrait générer des réactions réglementaires ou stratégiques ne faisant pas partie de notre modèle. Notre pire scénario verrait les exploitations agricoles perdre 90 % de leurs surplus actuels. Même un modéré pouvoir sur le marché peut générer de considérables réductions des prix agricoles.
The effects of crown venting or pre‐cementing of CAD/CAM‐constructed all‐ceramic crowns luted on YTZ implants on marginal cement excess
Authors: Zaugg Lucia K. , Zehnder Isabella , Rohr Nadja , Fischer Jens , Zitzmann Nicola U. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to analyze the cement excess produced when cementing CAD/CAM‐fabricated lithium disilicate (L) or zirconium dioxide (Z) crowns using adhesive cement (A) or resin‐modified glass ionomer cement (B). Three different cementation techniques were applied: palatal venting (PV), pre‐cementation with custom analogs (CA), and conventional standard procedure (SP).Materials and MethodsSeventy‐two crowns (36 each material) were assigned to 12 experimental groups depending on the restoration material (L, Z), type of cement (A, B), and cementation technique (PV, CA, SP). Weight measurements were taken during cementation, and the amounts of excess cement, cement retained in crown, and relative excess cement were calculated and statistically analyzed.ResultsA significant direct relation between the amounts of cement applied and excess cement was observed in groups CA and SP. Vented crowns showed least amounts of marginal excess cement (0.8 ± 0.3 μl) followed by CA (4.2 ± 1.1 μl) and SP (8.8 ± 2.5 μl; p < .001). In CA, 32.1% less excess cement (95%CI: 28.4, 35.7) was produced than in the SP group (p < .001), but 27.4% more than in the PV group (95%CI: 23.8,31.0; p < .001). Overall, slightly smaller amounts of adhesive cement (A) than of glass ionomer cement (B) were retained in crowns.ConclusionsUsing crown venting was the most effective measure to reduce the amount of marginal excess cement, followed using a pre‐cementation device. To keep the marginal excess cement of one‐piece zirconia implants to a minimum, both techniques should be considered for clinical application.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates oxygen‐glucose deprivation‐induced parthanatos in human SH‐SY5Y cells via improvement of intracellular ROS
Authors: Wang Hai‐Feng , Wang Zong‐Qi , Ding Ye , Piao Mei‐Hua , Feng Chun‐Sheng , Chi Guang‐Fan , Luo Yi‐Nan , Ge Peng‐Fei 
Published: October 2017

SummaryAimsEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been demonstrated to regulate neuronal death caused by ischemic insults via activation of apoptosis, but it still remains unclear whether ER stress participates in regulation of parthanatos, a new type of programmed cell death characterized by PARP‐1 overactivation and intracellular accumulation of PAR polymer.Methodswe used oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) and human SH‐SY5Y cells to simulate neuronal damage caused by ischemia.ResultsOxygen‐glucose deprivation induced time‐dependent death in SH‐SY5Y cells, which was accompanied with upregulation of PARP‐1, accumulation of PAR polymer, decline of mitochondrial membrane potentials and nuclear translocation of AIF. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP‐1 with its specific inhibitor 3AB rescued OGD‐induced cell death, as well as prevented PAR polymer accumulation, mitochondrial depolarization, and AIF translocation into nucleus. Similar results could be found when PARP‐1 was genetically knocked down with SiRNA. These indicated that OGD triggered parthanatos in SH‐SY5Y cells. Then, we found inhibition of overproduction of ROS with antioxidant NAC attenuated obviously OGD‐induced parthanatos in SH‐SY5Y cells, suggesting ROS regulated OGD‐induced parthanatos. Additionally, OGD also induced upregulation of ER stress‐related proteins. Mitigation of ER stress with chemical chaperone 4‐PBA or trehalose suppressed significantly OGD‐induced overproduction of ROS, PARP‐1 upregulation, PAR polymer accumulation, and nuclear accumulation of AIF, and cell death in SH‐SY5Y cells.ConclusionEndoplasmic reticulum stress regulates OGD‐induced parthanatos in human SH‐SY5Y cells via improvement of intracellular ROS.
Ozone utilisation for discharge printing of reactive dyed cotton
Authors: Yigit Idil , Eren Semiha , Eren Hüseyin Aksel 
Published: October 2017

Environmental pollution is one of the major concerns of the textile finishing sector. The reduction or substitution of the harsh chemicals used during dyeing and printing processes is necessary. In this study, the use of ozone for the discharge printing process was examined in order to substitute the use of reductive agent and caustic soda by ozone gas. The reactive dyed cotton samples were wetted by water and some selected solutions at 25%, 40% and 60% pick up were used and subjected to ozone gas treatment. The gas flow rates were 5 and 10 l/min for 5 and 10 min treatment times, respectively. The results were compared with that of conventional discharge printed samples. Colour discharge (%), colour difference (ΔE), strength, washing and rubbing fastness and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values were compared and reported. Colour discharge increased at higher gas flow rates and prolonged treatment times. Although ozone printing could not attain the contour sharpness of conventional discharge printing, the addition of selected chemicals affected colour discharge and the contour sharpness. Strength tests did not show a significant decrease when using ozone treatment. Fastness tests results (washing and rubbing) were slightly higher compared with conventional discharge printed samples.CODvalues were much lower for ozone treatment compared with conventional discharge printing effluent. Consequently, it was demonstrated that ozone may be an environmentally friendly substitute for discharge printing.
Comparison of long‐term outcomes of 50 and 100 mg rt‐PA in the management of acute pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Yilmazel Ucar Elif , Araz Omer , Kerget Bugra , Yilmaz Nafiye , Akgun Metin , Saglam Leyla 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a life‐threatening disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate long‐term outcomes of the use of 50 mg recombinant tissue‐type plasminogen activator (rt‐PA) in the management of PTE in terms of relapse, pulmonary hypertension (PH), mortality and hemorrhage and to compare with the use of 100 mg rt‐PA.MethodsThe study was designed as a retrospective cohort. Patients who were diagnosed as acute PTE and received either 50 or 100 mg rt‐PA in a tertiary care hospital between 2010 and 2015 were included in the study. Rates of relapse, PH, mortality (in‐hospital and long‐term) and hemorrhage (major and minor) were calculated for each treatment group.ResultsA total 117 patients, 73 females and 44 males, were evaluated. Eighty‐three patients were administered 100 mg rt‐PA, and 34 were administered 50 mg rt‐PA. The mean age was lower in the 100 mg group compared to the 50 mg group (61 ± 15 vs 69 ± 14 years). There was a significant decrease in PH in each group at 3 months follow‐up (P < .001). Although statistically nonsignificant, the relapse rate was lower in the 50 mg rt‐PA group, but the 5‐year mortality rate was higher in 50 mg rt‐PA group (35.2% vs 27.7%, P = .50). Mortality was associated with older age and presence of malignancy.ConclusionsOur results suggest that both doses of rt‐PA have similar efficacy. The high mortality rate in the 50 mg group may have resulted from patient selection.
Outcome comparison of liver transplantation for hepatitis A‐related versus hepatitis B‐related acute liver failure in adult recipients
Authors: Jung Dong‐Hwan , Hwang Shin , Lim Young‐Suk , Kim Ki‐Hun , Ahn Chul‐Soo , Moon Deok‐Bog , Ha Tae‐Yong , Song Gi‐Won , Park Gil‐Chun , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHepatitis A virus (HAV) can cause acute liver failure (ALF). This study compares outcomes between liver transplantation (LT) for HAV‐related ALF (HAV‐ALF) and LT for hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related ALF (HBV‐ALF). Of 3616 adult LTs performed between January 2005 and December 2014, we performed LT for HAV‐ALF recipients (n = 29) and LT for HBV‐ALF recipients (n = 34). HAV‐ALF group included 18 males and 11 females with mean age of 33.1 years. Graft survival rates in HAV‐ALF and HBV‐ALF were 65.5% and 88.0% (1 year) and 65.5% and 84.0% (5 years) (P = .048). Patient survival rates in HAV‐ALF and HBV‐ALF were 69.0% and 88.0% (1 year) and 69.0% and 84.0% (5 years) (P = .09). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that acute pancreatitis and HAV recurrence were independent risk factors of graft and patient survival. Post‐transplant outcome was poorer in patients with HAV‐ALF than in those with HBV‐ALF. This weakens LT's appropriateness in HAV‐ALF patients with pancreatitis. HAV recurrence after LT for HAV‐ALF is common and often fatal; thus, HAV recurrence should be monitored vigilantly, beginning early post‐transplant.
Optimal prandial timing of bolus insulin in diabetes management: a review
Authors: Slattery D. , Amiel S. A. , Choudhary P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe inability to achieve optimal diabetes glucose control in people with diabetes is multifactorial, but one contributor may be inadequate control of postprandial glucose. In patients treated with multiple daily injections of insulin, both the dose and timing of meal‐related rapid‐acting insulin are key factors in this. There are conflicting opinions and evidence on the optimal time to administer mealtime insulin. We performed a comprehensive literature search to review the published data, focusing on the use of rapid‐acting insulin analogues in patients with Type 1 diabetes. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of rapid‐acting insulin analogues, together with postprandial glucose excursion data, suggest that administering these 15–20 min before food would provide optimal postprandial glucose control. Data from clinical studies involving people with Type 1 diabetes receiving structured meals and rapid‐acting insulin analogues support this, showing a reduction in post‐meal glucose levels of ~30% and less hypoglycaemia when meal insulin was taken 15–20 min before a meal compared with immediately before the meal. Importantly, there was also a greater risk of postprandial hypoglycaemia when patients took rapid‐acting analogues after eating compared with before eating.
Comparison of visual receptive fields in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventral intraparietal area in macaques
Authors: Viswanathan Pooja , Nieder Andreas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe concept of receptive field (RF) describes the responsiveness of neurons to sensory space. Neurons in the primate association cortices have long been known to be spatially selective but a detailed characterisation and direct comparison of RFs between frontal and parietal association cortices are missing. We sampled the RFs of a large number of neurons from two interconnected areas of the frontal and parietal lobes, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and ventral intraparietal area (VIP), of rhesus monkeys by systematically presenting a moving bar during passive fixation. We found that more than half of neurons in both areas showed spatial selectivity. Single neurons in both areas could be assigned to five classes according to the spatial response patterns: few non‐uniform RFs with multiple discrete response maxima could be dissociated from the vast majority of uniform RFs showing a single maximum; the latter were further classified into full‐field and confined foveal, contralateral and ipsilateral RFs. Neurons in dlPFC showed a preference for the contralateral visual space and collectively encoded the contralateral visual hemi‐field. In contrast, VIP neurons preferred central locations, predominantly covering the foveal visual space. Putative pyramidal cells with broad‐spiking waveforms in PFC had smaller RFs than putative interneurons showing narrow‐spiking waveforms, but distributed similarly across the visual field. In VIP, however, both putative pyramidal cells and interneurons had similar RFs at similar eccentricities. We provide a first, thorough characterisation of visual RFs in two reciprocally connected areas of a fronto‐parietal cortical network.
‘Hot’ vs. ‘cold’ behavioural‐cognitive styles: motivational‐dopaminergic vs. cognitive‐cholinergic processing of a Pavlovian cocaine cue in sign‐ and goal‐tracking rats
Authors: Pitchers Kyle K. , Kane Louisa F. , Kim Youngsoo , Robinson Terry E. , Sarter Martin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDiscrete Pavlovian reward cues acquire more potent incentive motivational properties (incentive salience) in some animals (sign‐trackers; STs) compared to others (goal‐trackers; GTs). Conversely, GTs appear to be better than STs in processing more complex contextual cues, perhaps reflecting their relatively greater bias for goal‐directed cue processing. Here, we investigated the activity of two major prefrontal neuromodulatory input systems, dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh), in response to a discrete Pavlovian cue that was previously paired with cocaine administration in STs and GTs. Rats underwent Pavlovian training in which light cue presentations were either paired or unpaired with an intravenous cocaine infusion. Following a 10‐day abstinence period, prefrontal dialysates were collected in STs and GTs during cue presentations in the absence of cocaine. In STs, the cue previously paired with cocaine significantly increased prefrontal DA levels. DA levels remained elevated over baseline across multiple cue presentation blocks, and DA levels and approaches to the cue were significantly correlated. In STs, ACh levels were unaffected by cue presentations. In contrast, in GTs, presentations of the cocaine cue increased prefrontal ACh, but not DA, levels. GTs oriented towards the cue at rates similar to STs, but they did not approach it and elevated ACh levels did not correlate with conditioned orientation. The results indicate a double dissociation between the role of prefrontal DA and ACh in STs and GTs, and suggest that these phenotypes will be useful for studying the role of neuromodulator systems in mediating opponent behavioural‐cognitive styles.