bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloud-scale ISM Structure and Star Formation in M51
Authors: Leroy Adam K. , Schinnerer Eva , Hughes Annie , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Meidt Sharon , Schruba Andreas , Sun Jiayi , Bigiel Frank , Aniano Gonzalo , Blanc Guillermo A. , Bolatto Alberto , Chevance Mélanie , Colombo Dario , Gallagher Molly , Garcia-Burillo Santiago , Kramer Carsten , Querejeta Miguel , Pety Jerome , Thompson Todd A. , Usero Antonio 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We compare the structure of molecular gas at 40 pc resolution to the ability of gas to form stars across the disk of the spiral galaxy M51. We break the PAWS survey into 370 pc and 1.1 kpc resolution elements, and within each we estimate the molecular gas depletion time (

), the star-formation efficiency per free-fall time (

), and the mass-weighted cloud-scale (40 pc) properties of the molecular gas: surface density, Σ, line width, σ, and

, a parameter that traces the boundedness of the gas. We show that the cloud-scale surface density appears to be a reasonable proxy for mean volume density. Applying this, we find a typical star-formation efficiency per free-fall time,

, lower than adopted in many models and found for local clouds. Furthermore, the efficiency per free-fall time anti-correlates with both Σ and σ, in some tension with turbulent star-formation models. The best predictor of the rate of star formation per unit gas mass in our analysis is

, tracing the strength of self-gravity, with

. The sense of the correlation is that gas with stronger self-gravity (higher b) forms stars at a higher rate (low

). The different regions of the galaxy mostly overlap in

as a function of b, so that low b explains the surprisingly high

found toward the inner spiral arms found by Meidt et al. (2013).
The Dependence of the IR–Radio Correlation on the Metallicity
Authors: Qiu Jianjie , Shi Yong , Wang Junzhi , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Zhou Luwenjia 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We have compiled a sample of 26 metal-poor galaxies with 12 + log(O/H) < 8.1 with both infrared continuum and 1.4 GHz radio continuum data. By comparing to galaxies at higher metallicity, we have investigated the IR–radio relationship’s dependence on metallicity at the 24, 70, 100, and 160 μm bands, as well as the integrated FIR luminosity. It is found that metal-poor galaxies have on average lower

than metal-rich ones, with larger offsets at longer IR wavelengths, from −0.06 dex in

to −0.6 dex in

. The

of all galaxies as a whole at 160 μm show positive trends with the metallicity and IR-to-FUV ratio and negative trends with the IR color, while those at lower IR wavelengths show weaker correlations. We propose a mechanism that invokes the combined effects of low obscured-SFR-to-total-SFR fraction and warm dust temperature at low metallicity to interpret the above behavior of

, with the former reducing the IR radiation and the latter further reducing the IR emission at longer IR wavelengths. Other mechanisms that are related to the radio emission, including the enhanced magnetic field strength and increased thermal radio contribution, are unable to reconcile the IR-wavelength-dependent differences of

between metal-poor and metal-rich galaxies. In contrast to

, the mean total-SFR-to-radio ratio of metal-poor galaxies is the same as that for metal-rich galaxies, indicating the 1.4 GHz radio emission is still an effective tracer of SFRs at low metallicity.
Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Inner Heliosphere, Comparing with PAMELA Measurements
Authors: Qin G. , Shen Z.-N. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We develop a numerical model to study the time-dependent modulation of galactic cosmic rays in the inner heliosphere. In the model, a time-delayed modified Parker heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) and a new diffusion coefficient model, NLGCE-F, from Qin & Zhang, are adopted. In addition, the latitudinal dependence of magnetic turbulence magnitude is assumed to be

from the observations of Ulysses, and the radial dependence is assumed to be

, where we choose an expression of S as a function of the heliospheric current sheet tilt angle. We show that the analytical expression used to describe the spatial variation of HMF turbulence magnitude agrees well with the Ulysses, Voyager 1, and Voyager 2 observations. By numerically calculating the modulation code, we get the proton energy spectra as a function of time during the recent solar minimum, it is shown that the modulation results are consistent with the Payload for Antimatter-Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics measurements.
Constraining the H i–Halo Mass Relation from Galaxy Clustering
Authors: Guo Hong , Li Cheng , Zheng Zheng , Mo H. J. , Jing Y. P. , Zu Ying , Lim S. H. , Xu Haojie 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We study the dependence of galaxy clustering on H i mass using ∼16,000 galaxies with redshift in the range of

0.0025
<
z
<
0.05

and H i mass of

M

H

I

>

10

8

M

☉

, drawn from the 70% complete sample of the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey. We construct subsamples of galaxies with

M

H

I

above different thresholds and make volume-limited clustering measurements in terms of three statistics: the projected two-point correlation function, the projected cross-correlation function with respect to a reference sample, and the redshift-space monopole moment. In contrast to previous studies, which found no/weak H i mass dependence, we find both the clustering amplitudes on scales above a few megaparsecs and the bias factors to increase significantly with increasing H i mass for

M

H

I

>

10

9

M

☉

. For H i mass thresholds below

∼

10

9

M

☉

, the inferred galaxy bias factors are systematically lower than the minimum halo bias from mass-selected halo samples. We extend the simple halo model, in which the galaxy content is only determined by halo mass, by including the halo formation time as an additional parameter. A model that puts H i-rich galaxies into halos that formed late can reproduce the clustering measurements reasonably well. We present the implications of our best-fitting model on the correlation of H i mass with halo mass and formation time, as well as the halo occupation distributions and H i mass functions for central and satellite galaxies. These results are compared with the predictions from semianalytic galaxy formation models and hydrodynamic galaxy formation simulations.
IL-21 Receptor Signaling Is Essential for Optimal CD4+ T Cell Function and Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Mice
Authors: Cheekatla Satyanarayana Swamy , Tripathi Deepak , Venkatasubramanian Sambasivan , Paidipally Padmaja , Welch Elwyn , Tvinnereim Amy R. , Nurieva Roza , Vankayalapati Ramakrishna 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In this study, we determined the role of IL-21R signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, using IL-21R knockout (KO) mice. A total of 50% of M. tuberculosis H37Rv–infected IL-21R KO mice died in 6 mo compared with no deaths in infected wild type (WT) mice. M. tuberculosis–infected IL-21R KO mice had enhanced bacterial burden and reduced infiltration of Ag-specific T cells in lungs compared with M. tuberculosis–infected WT mice. Ag-specific T cells from the lungs of M. tuberculosis–infected IL-21R KO mice had increased expression of T cell inhibitory receptors, reduced expression of chemokine receptors, proliferated less, and produced less IFN- γ, compared with Ag-specific T cells from the lungs of M. tuberculosis–infected WT mice. T cells from M. tuberculosis–infected IL-21R KO mice were unable to induce optimal macrophage responses to M. tuberculosis. This may be due to a decrease in the Ag-specific T cell population. We also found that IL-21R signaling is associated with reduced expression of a transcriptional factor Eomesodermin and enhanced functional capacity of Ag-specific T cells of M. tuberculosis–infected mice. The sum of our findings suggests that IL-21R signaling is essential for the optimal control of M. tuberculosis infection.
Cognitive-perceptual deficits and symptom correlates in first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Olivier Riaan M. , Kilian Sanja , Chiliza Bonginkosi , Asmal Laila , Oosthuizen Petrus P. , Emsley Robin , Kidd Martin 
Published: August 2017

Background: Thought disorder and visual-perceptual deficits have been well documented, but their relationships with clinical symptoms and cognitive function remain unclear. Cognitive-perceptual deficits may underscore clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients.Aim: This study aimed to explore how thought disorder and form perception are related with clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in first-episode schizophrenia.Setting: Forty-two patients with a first-episode of schizophrenia, schizophreniform or schizoaffective disorder were recruited from community clinics and state hospitals in the Cape Town area.Methods: Patients were assessed at baseline with the Rorschach Perceptual Thinking Index (PTI), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the MATRICS Cognitive Consensus Battery (MCCB). Spearman correlational analyses were conducted to investigate relationships between PTI scores, PANSS factor analysis-derived domain scores and MCCB composite and subscale scores. Multiple regression models explored these relationships further.Results: Unexpectedly, poor form perception (X- %) was inversely correlated with the severity of PANSS positive symptoms (r = -0.42, p = 0.02). Good form perception (XA%) correlated significantly with speed of processing (r = 0.59, p < 0.01), working memory (r = 0.48, p < 0.01) and visual learning (r = 0.55, p < 0.01). PTI measures of thought disorder did not correlate significantly with PANSS symptom scores or cognitive performance.Conclusions: Form perception is associated with positive symptoms and impairment in executive function during acute psychosis. These findings suggest that there may be clinical value in including sensory-perceptual processing tasks in cognitive remediation and social cognitive training programmes for schizophrenia patients.
REFLEXÕES EM TORNO DO TEMA CONTEXTUAL “ETNICIDADE E DIVERSIDADE CULTURAL”
Authors: Nazareno Elias , Araújo Ordália Cristina Gonçalves 
Published: August 2017

RESUMOO texto analisa o resultado das atividades propostas do Tema Contextual“Etnicidade e Diversidade Cultural” durante a primeira etapa do Cursode Educação Intercultural da UFG em 2017 com a turma composta porestudantes de diversos povos indígenas e ressalta, principalmente, acontribuição dos estudantes em relação ao debate sobre a diversidadecultural presente na sociedade brasileira. Significativas sugestões foramfeitas para o trabalho com essa temática no ensino básico indígena e nãoindígena a partir de reflexões em torno do reconhecimento da diversidade cultural brasileira e do lugar da escola para os povos indígenas. Palavras-chave: Tema contextual. Diversidade cultural. Escola.
O CICLO DE VIDA DA CRIANÇA TAPUIA
Authors: Silva Adriana Rosário da , Santos Daiane Aparecida Ferreira dos , Rodirgues Eunice da Rocha Moraes , Moraes Gracilene Chaves de , Costa Silma Aparecida da Silva 
Published: August 2017

RESUMOO povo Tapuia do Carretão residente nos municípios de Rubiataba eNova América-Goiás é descendente de três povos indígenas, sendo elesKarajá, Xavante e Kaiapó, incluindo negros e brancos. Após muitos anosdessa miscigenação, o nosso povo adquiriu vários costumes vindos desses diferentes povos. Muito se discute sobre a aprendizagem das crianças, como e com quem elas aprendem. Na nossa comunidade podemos observar que cada família tem seus costumes e tradições diferentes, e predomina mais cada Tronco indígena de que a família é descendente. Em cada fase da vida da criança ela aprende com as pessoas que estão ao seu redor. Mas podemos notar que depende de cada família, pois cada um tem a sua particularidade. Em algumas famílias pode-se notar que a mãe ou o pai pegam mais as responsabilidades do ensinamento sendo em algumas famílias a mãe e em outras o pai. O aprendizado da vida do povo Tapuia é contínuo, pois é algo que você nunca deixa de adquirir. Se estamos mais velhos, aprendemos com nossos filhos e netos. Aprendemos com pessoas amigas, com a família, com os nossos anciões, com os nossos caciques, com as nossas lideranças. Aprendemos a valorizar nossas culturas e tradições, a dar valor aos ensinamentos que nossas avós e bisavós nos deixaram. Portanto, cada experiência vivida é muito importante na formação da pessoa, embora possa se perceber que o ciclo mais significativo seria a fase da velhice que é onde muitas experiências foram vividas e se tem oportunidade de repassá-las adiante, e onde se adquire muito conhecimento. Por isso os (as) velhos (as) Tapuia são sempre visto (as) com respeito e admiração, seguidos logo após pela fase do útero e da primeira infância, pois são os ciclos nos quais a criança está em um contato mais direto com o mundo, começando a aprender cores e sabores e formando-se intelectualmente e sentimentalmente. Isso irá refletir na vida adulta até a velhice. Cada fase tem sua particularidade e individualidade. Basta respeitarmos todos que aprenderemos com cada uma, porque todas têm seu valor especial e cada fase de transição tem sua identidade, sua atitude e seu tempo de desabrochar.Palavras chave: Povo Tapuia. Ciclo de vida da criança. Família, anciãose lideranças.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Biology and Life Science, Vol. 8, No. 2
Authors: Lee Kelvin 
Published: August 2017

Journal of Biology and Life Science (JBLS) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from February 1, 2017 to August 1, 2017. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether JBLS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Adeline ChiaAnbalagan JaganathanEwa MoliszewskaGanesh Ambigapathy Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong Hui Xiang Allergan Inc. Jawed A Siddiqui Jayalaxmi SastriKhyati Hitesh ShahMadhusudanarao VudaMELTEM SESLİRam PrasadVidisha Bipin RajeZhichao Feng Kelvin LeeEditorial AssistantJournal of Biology and Life Science-------------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825, Las Vegas, Nevada 89108, United StatesTel: 1-702-953-1852 ext.510Fax: 1-702-420-2900E-mail: jbls@macrothink.orgURL: http://jbls.macrothink.org
Determining the Size of the Mental Foramen: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Falakaloglu Seda , Veis Artemisa 
Published: August 2017

Aim: Knowledge of the position of the mental foramen is important to prepare strategy when administering regional anesthesia, performing dental surgical procedures, endodontic treatments. Also, it is critical to analyze diameter of mental foramen in sagittal, coronal, and axial images. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the diameter of the MF in different planes from CBCT images.
Methodology: This study was designed at Department of Endodontics, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey. One hundred twenty three (67 female, 56 male) CBCT scans that met the study criteria were obtained. All images were obtained from i-CAT (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA). Data were analyzed using Student’s t-tests and Tukey HSD tests.
Results: For the analysis of age, data were divided into four groups: 12–17, 18–29, 30–49, and ≥50 years. The data were also divided into two groups by gender. Axial and coronal image measurements were also divided into right and left. There was a statistical difference compared with females and males (p<0.05). In the coronal plane, the right region showed significant differences in measurements between the groups (p<0.05). In the axial plane, there was no statistically significant difference between them (p>0.05). The differences between the groups in the left region in the axial plane measurements were significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Using CBCT imaging superimposition of anatomical structures can be eliminated. It is important that determine that the size of the mental foramen. This study is a retrospective study using CBCT from patient and find that the size of the mental foramen.
How to cite this article: Falakaloglu S, Veis A. Determining the size of the mental foramen: A cone-beam computed tomography study. Int Dent Res 2017;7:20-25.
Fast Track to Accreditation: An Implementation Review of College of American Pathologists and International Organization for Standardization 15189 Accreditation
Authors: AbdelWareth Laila O. , Pallinalakam Fasila , Ibrahim Faisal , Anderson Peter , Liaqat Muneezeh , Palmer Bryson , Harris Jonathan , Bashir Saber , Alatoom Adnan , Algora Manuel , Alduaij Ahmad , Mirza Imran 
Published: August 2017

Context.—This review examines challenges and opportunities in preparing laboratories in a startup phase for accreditation by both the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189 in an international setting as it relates to our experience at Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Laboratory. It also discusses some of the strategies used in executing those projects and the added advantages in pursuing both types of accreditations.Objectives.—To share our experience with CAP and ISO 15189 accreditations in a startup international operation in relation to the challenges encountered and implementation strategy success factors.Data Sources.—MEDLINE (PubMed) database was used to review this topic as well as peer-reviewed articles and World Health Organization publications on the topic.Conclusions.—Accreditation is a perfect means toward building quality medical laboratories in a diverse workforce environment and improving patient safety. Further, it establishes a strong foundation on which any new operation can build a sustainable quality improvement culture. Accreditations by CAP and/or ISO are among the most reputable and well-established accreditation systems that clinical laboratories could aim for. As a result of both accreditations offering synergistic and complementing features, we recommend that any laboratory seeking excellence in quality and performance should consider exploring both. Key elements to success include having dedicated project management and change management support while preparing for accreditation. Laboratories seeking accreditation in early operational stages may face a number of challenges; however, significant opportunities will also be present to optimize various operational components from the beginning.
An Assessment of Ground Level and Free Tropospheric Ozone Over California and Nevada
Authors: Yates E. L. , Johnson M. S. , Iraci L. T. , Ryoo J.‐M. , Pierce R. B. , Cullis P. D. , Gore W. , Ives M. A. , Johnson B. J. , Leblanc T. , Marrero J. E. , Sterling C. W. , Tanaka T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIncreasing free tropospheric ozone (O3), combined with the high elevation and often deep boundary layers at western U.S. surface stations, poses challenges in attaining the more stringent 70 ppb O3National Ambient Air Quality Standard. As such, use of observational data to identify sources and mechanisms that contribute to surface O3is increasingly important. This work analyzes surface and vertical O3observations over California and Nevada from 1995 to 2015. Over this period, the number of high O3events (95th percentile) at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) sites has decreased during summer, as a result of decreasing U.S. emissions. In contrast, an increase in springtime 5th percentile O3indicates a general increase of baseline O3. During 2012 there was a peak in exceedances and in the average spring‐summer O3mixing ratios at CASTNET sites. Goddard Earth Observing System‐Chem results show that the surface O3attributable to transport from the upper troposphere and stratosphere was increased in 2013 compared to 2012, highlighting the importance of measurements aloft. Vertical O3measurements from aircraft, ozonesondes, and lidar show distinct seasonal trends, with a high percentage of elevated O3laminae (O3 > 70 ppb, 3–8 km) during spring and summer. Analysis of the timing of high O3surface events and correlation between surface and vertical O3data is used to discuss varying sources of western U.S. surface O3.
Dissolution‐Assisted Pattern Formation During Olivine Carbonation
Authors: Lisabeth Harrison , Zhu Wenlu , Xing Tiange , De Andrade Vincent 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOlivine and pyroxene‐bearing rocks in the oceanic crust react with hydrothermal fluids producing changes in the physical characteristics and behaviors of the altered rocks. Notably, these reactions tend to increase solid volume, reducing pore volume, permeability, and available reactive surface area, yet entirely hydrated and/or carbonated rocks are commonly observed in the field. We investigate the evolution of porosity and permeability of fractured dunites reacted with CO2‐rich solutions in laboratory experiments. The alteration of crack surfaces changes the mechanical and transport properties of the bulk samples. Analysis of three‐dimensional microstructural data shows that although precipitation of secondary minerals causes the total porosity of the sample to decrease, an interconnected network of porosity is maintained through channelized dissolution and coupled carbonate precipitation. The observed microstructure appears to be the result of chemo‐mechanical coupling, which may provide a mechanism of porosity maintenance without the need to invoke reaction‐driven cracking.
Subauroral Polarization Streams (SAPS) Duration as Determined From Van Allen Probe Successive Electric Drift Measurements
Authors: Lejosne Solène , Mozer F. S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe examine a characteristic feature of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling, namely, the persistent and latitudinally narrow bands of rapid westward ion drifts called the subauroral polarization streams (SAPS). Despite countless works on SAPS, information relative to their durations is lacking. Here we report on the first statistical analysis of more than 200 near‐equatorial SAPS observations based on more than 2 years of Van Allen Probe electric drift measurements. First, we present results relative to SAPS radial locations and amplitudes. Then, we introduce two different ways to estimate SAPS durations. In both cases, SAPS activity is estimated to last for about 9 h on average. However, our estimates for SAPS duration are limited either by the relatively long orbital periods of the spacecraft or by the relatively small number of observations involved. Fifty percent of the events fit within the time interval [0;18] hours.