bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Balloon Angioplasty in Children With Recurrent Aortic Coarctation Depends on the Type of Aortic Arch Pathology
Authors: Herzog Stefanie , Dave Hitendu , Schweiger Martin , Hübler Michael , Quandt Daniel , Kretschmar Oliver , Knirsch Walter 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of balloon angioplasty (BAP) for recurrent aortic coarctation (ReCoA) in infants comparing simple and complex type of aortic arch pathology (Norwood I procedure).BackgroundReCoA is a known complication after cardiovascular surgery for coarctation of the aortic arch.Methods and ResultsIn a single center case study, we analyzed 20 infants undergoing BAP for ReCoA comparing simple (n = 10) and complex type of aortic arch pathology (n = 10). At catherization diameter of ReCoA stenosis was 3.2 ± 0.7 mm (mean ± SD) with short localized (11/20) or long hypoplastic stenosis (9/20) before and 4.8 ± 1.2 mm after BAP (P < 0.001). Invasive systolic pressure gradient was reduced from 27.5 ± 16.2 mmHg before to 5.1 ± 6.6 mmHg after BAP (P < 0.001), comparable in simple and complex type of ReCoA. At day 1 after catherization noninvasive systolic arterial blood pressure gradient was reduced from 20.2 ± 23.1 to 6.7 ± 9.9 mmHg (P < 0.001), respectively, calculated continuous wave Doppler echo gradient from 36.3 ± 22 to 16.8 ± 9.6 mmHg (P < 0.01). Complications were aortic arch dissection (1/20), discrete aortic arch aneurysm formation (1/20), pericardial effusion (1/20), and peripheral arterial thrombosis (4/20). At a mid‐term follow up of 9.5 months (1–40) after BAP, 3 infants needed early surgical reintervention due to secondary ReCoA, all with long hypoplastic aortic arch segments, but simple type of aortic arch pathology.ConclusionsAt mid‐term follow up, BAP remains an effective catheter intervention for ReCoA for infants with localized ReCoA, but not with long hypoplastic aortic arch segments, even in simple type of aortic arch pathology.
Effect of NADPH–cytochrome P450 reductase on all-trans-retinoic acid efficacy and cytochrome P450 26A1 expression in human myeloid leukaemia HL-60 cells
Authors: Hu Lei , Lv Jin-Feng , Zhuo Wei , Zhang Cong-Min , Zhou Hong-Hao , Fan Lan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Objectives
All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), a naturally occurring metabolite of vitamin A, has been shown to have great potential as an antitumorigenic drug to treat acute leukaemia by promoting cancer cell differentiation. Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is the only obligate electron donor for all of the microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes including CYP26A1 which is highly specific for ATRA metabolism and efficacy in human myeloid leukaemia cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of POR on ATRA efficacy and CYP26A1 expression in human myeloid leukaemia HL-60 cells.

Methods
Stably expressed POR and POR-RNAi HL-60 cell lines were established by transfecting POR overexpression or RNAi (RNA interference) vectors mediated by lentivirus. The protein expression of POR and CYP26A1 was examined by Western blot. The potential roles of POR on ATRA efficacy in HL-60 cells were explored by cell viability assay, cell cycle distribution, cellular differentiation and apoptosis analysis.

Key findings
All-trans-retinoic acid treatment caused the expression of POR upregulation and CYP26A1 downregulation in dose- and time-dependent manners. POR overexpression decreased CYP26A1 expression in HL-60 cells. When POR gene was interfered, the downregulation of CYP26A1 expression by ATRA was abolished. In addition, POR overexpression in HL-60 cells significantly compromised ATRA-induced cell proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis, whereas downregulation of POR significantly potentiated ATRA effects.

Conclusions
Our study therefore suggested that POR played an important role in regulating ATRA efficacy and CYP26A1 expression in HL-60 cells.
Clinical pharmacology of analgosedatives in neonates: ways to improve their safe and effective use
Authors: Smits Anne , van den Anker John N , Allegaert Karel 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Objectives
To propose approaches tailored to the specific needs of neonates, such as structured product development programmes, with the ultimate goal to improve the safe and effective use of analgosedatives in these fragile patients.

Key findings
The feasibility and relevance of a structured product development programme in neonates (optimal study design based on preliminary data; model development; internal, external and prospective evaluation; an individualized dosing regimen; long-term safety; pharmacogenetics) are illustrated for the use of morphine. Based on changes in clinical practices, similar development plans are in progress for short-acting analgosedatives such as propofol, but are in need of tailored pharmacodynamic tools to assess and quantify effects. Furthermore, for drugs like paracetamol where there is already sufficient clinical pharmacology knowledge, attention needs to be given to long-term safety aspects. Finally, new covariates such as pharmacogenetics might further improve neonatal pain management, but clearly need to be integrated with other well-established covariates like age or weight.

Summary
Product development programmes for analgosedatives in neonates are needed. These programmes should be tailored to their specific needs (short-acting sedation, pain relief), should include long-term safety and should incorporate the exploration of newer covariates like pharmacogenetics.
Antacid attenuates the laxative action of magnesia in cancer patients receiving opioid analgesic
Authors: Ibuka Hirokazu , Ishihara Masashi , Suzuki Akio , Kagaya Hajime , Shimizu Masahito , Kinosada Yasutomi , Itoh Yoshinori 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Objective
This study was designed to investigate pharmacological interaction between magnesium laxative and antacid in patients receiving opioid analgesic.

Methods
Data obtained from a total of 441 eligible patients receiving opioid analgesic for the first time were retrospectively analysed. The incidence of constipation, defined as stool-free interval of 3 days and more within the first week of opioid intake, was compared between patients who took laxative alone and those who received laxative in combination with antacid.

Key findings
Laxatives were prescribed in 74% of patients, among them 61% received antacids such as proton pump inhibitor and H2 receptor blocker. Magnesia was the most commonly used laxative (89%). Constipation occurred in 21% and 55% of patients with and without laxatives, respectively. Antacids reversed the laxative action of lower doses (&lt;2000 mg/day) but not higher doses (&gt; 2000 mg/day) of magnesia without affecting the effects of other laxatives. Therefore, it is suggested that both acid-dependent and acid-independent mechanisms may operate in the laxative action of magnesia, in which the former may be involved in the action of lower doses of magnesia.

Conclusion
Care should be taken to avoid the unfavourable pharmacological interaction between low doses of magnesia and antacid.
Campylobacter Species and Neutrophilic Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Cats
Authors: Maunder C.L. , Reynolds Z.F. , Peacock L. , Hall E.J. , Day M.J. , Cogan T.A. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common cause of signs of gastrointestinal disease in cats. A subset of cats with IBD has neutrophilic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa.HypothesisNeutrophilic enteritis in cats is associated with mucosal invasion by microorganisms, and specifically Campylobacter spp.AnimalsSeven cats with neutrophilic IBD and 8 cats with lymphoplasmacytic IBD.MethodsRetrospective review of duodenal biopsy specimens that were collected endoscopically for histologic examination. Cases were identified and selected by searching the histopathology archive for cats with a diagnosis of neutrophilic and lymphoplasmacytic IBD. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) targeting either all eubacteria or individual Campylobacter spp. was performed on archived samples. Neutrophils were detected on the same samples using a FISH probe for neutrophil elastase.ResultsCampylobacter coli was present in (6/7) cats with neutrophilic IBD and in (1/8) cats with lymphoplasmacytic IBD (P = .009). Cats with neutrophilic IBD had significantly higher number of C. coli (median bacteria 0.7/hpf) in the mucosa than cats with lymphoplasmacytic IBD (median bacteria 0/hpf) (P = 0.002). Colocalization of neutrophils and C. coli was demonstrated, with C. coli closer to the neutrophils than any other bacteria (P < .001).Conclusions and clinical importanceIdentification of C. coli associated with neutrophilic inflammation suggests that C. coli is able either to produce compounds which stimulate neutrophils or to induce feline intestinal cells to produce neutrophil chemoattractants. This association should allow a directed therapeutic approach in cats with neutrophilic IBD, potentially improving outcome and reducing any zoonotic risk.
Midgut fungal and bacterial microbiota of Aedes triseriatus and Aedes japonicus shift in response to La Crosse virus infection
Authors: Muturi Ephantus J. , Bara Jeffrey J. , Rooney Alejandro P. , Hansen Allison K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how midgut microbial communities of field‐collected mosquitoes interact with pathogens is critical for controlling vector infection and disease. We used 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer sequencing to characterize the midgut bacterial and fungal communities of adult females of Aedes triseriatus and Aedes japonicus collected as pupae in tree holes, plastic bins and waste tires and their response to La Crosse virus (LACV) infection. For both mosquito species and across all habitat and virus treatments, a total of 62 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from six phyla and 21 fungal OTUs from two phyla were identified. The majority of bacterial (92%) and fungal (71%) OTUs were shared between the mosquito species; however, several OTUs were unique to each species. Bacterial and fungal communities of individuals that took either infectious or noninfectious bloodmeals were less diverse and more homogeneous compared to those of newly emerged adults. Interestingly, LACV‐infected A. triseriatus and A. japonicus had higher bacterial richness and lower fungal richness compared to individuals that took a noninfectious bloodmeal, suggesting that viral infection was associated with an increase in bacterial OTUs and a decrease in fungal OTUs. For both mosquito species, several OTUs were identified that had both high fidelity and specificity to mosquito midguts that were infected with LACV. Overall, these findings demonstrate that bacterial and fungal communities that reside in mosquito midguts respond to host diet and viral infection and could play a role in modulating vector susceptibility to LACV.
Do some deep‐sea, sediment‐dwelling species of harpacticoid copepods have 1000‐km‐scale range sizes?
Authors: Easton E. E. , Thistle D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe range sizes of sediment‐dwelling deep‐sea species are largely unknown. Such knowledge is important because a deep sea composed in large part of species with 100‐km‐scale ranges would be very different from one composed predominantly of species with 1000‐km‐scale ranges. For example, the total species richness would be much greater in the first case than in the second. As a step towards the determination of the distribution of species’ range sizes in the deep sea, we asked whether harpacticoid copepods (Crustacea) on the continental rise in the northeastern Pacific had 1000‐km‐scale range sizes. We chose harpacticoids because they occur widely in deep‐sea sediments and thus are a typical deep‐sea taxon. In addition, they have no pelagic stage in their life history, so they allow a conservative test of hypotheses about species’ range sizes. We used morphology and gene‐sequence data to assign individuals to species. At least 13.3% of the species we studied had 1000‐km‐scale ranges, raising the question of how these species maintain genetic continuity.
Elite synchronized swimmers display decreased energy availability during intensified training
Authors: Schaal K. , Tiollier E. , Le Meur Y. , Casazza G. , Hausswirth C. 
Published: July 2016

Elite synchronized swimmers follow high‐volume training regimen that result in elevated rates of exercise energy expenditure (ExEE). While adequate energy intake (EI) is important to optimize recovery, a number of sport‐specific constraints may lead to chronically low energy availability (EA = EI–ExEE). This study aimed to quantify changes in EA, endocrine markers of energy conservation, and perceived fatigue in synchronized swimmers, during a week of baseline training followed by 4 weeks of intensified training (IT). EI, ExEE, and body composition were measured in nine swimmers at Baseline, midpoint (ITWK2), and end of IT (ITWK4). Waking saliva samples were obtained to measure [leptin]s, [ghrelin]s, and [cortisol]s. Fatigue ratings were provided daily. ExEE increased by 27% during IT. Swimmers increased EI from Baseline to ITWK2, but decreased it significantly from ITWK2 to ITWK4. EA, fat mass, and [leptin]s decreased from Baseline to ITWK4, while [ghrelin]s increased significantly. Fatigue at ITWK4 was inversely correlated with Baseline EI and EA. The significant decrease in EA was accompanied by endocrine signs of energy conservation in elite swimmers. As perceived fatigue was associated with low EA, particular attention should be paid to these athletes' energy intake during phases of heavy training.
Defence by plant toxins in milkweed bugs (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae) through the evolution of a sophisticated storage compartment
Authors: BRAMER CHRISTIANE , FRIEDRICH FRANK , DOBLER SUSANNE 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSpecies of the heteropteran subfamily Lygaeinae possess special subcuticular compartments to store cardiac glycosides, plant‐derived defensive compounds, which they release upon predator attack. In adults of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, these storage compartments have previously been described as a modified integument, forming a fluid‐filled dorsolateral space. Here we use three‐dimensional imaging of serial histological sections and synchrotron radiation‐based micro‐computed tomography data to reveal the morphology of these storage compartments and the mechanisms used for the release of a cardiac glycoside‐rich fluid upon attack. Our comparative analysis revealed that the morphology and release mechanism vary among the species investigated. By reconstructing these traits on a recent molecular phylogeny of the Lygaeinae, we demonstrate that the adaptations for the storage and release of cardiac glycosides have evolved in a stepwise manner.
Improving Large Area Population Mapping Using Geotweet Densities
Authors: Patel Nirav N. , Stevens Forrest R. , Huang Zhuojie , Gaughan Andrea E. , Elyazar Iqbal , Tatem Andrew J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMany different methods are used to disaggregate census data and predict population densities to construct finer scale, gridded population data sets. These methods often involve a range of high resolution geospatial covariate datasets on aspects such as urban areas, infrastructure, land cover and topography; such covariates, however, are not directly indicative of the presence of people. Here we tested the potential of geo‐located tweets from the social media application, Twitter, as a covariate in the production of population maps. The density of geo‐located tweets in 1x1 km grid cells over a 2‐month period across Indonesia, a country with one of the highest Twitter usage rates in the world, was input as a covariate into a previously published random forests‐based census disaggregation method. Comparison of internal measures of accuracy and external assessments between models built with and without the geotweets showed that increases in population mapping accuracy could be obtained using the geotweet densities as a covariate layer. The work highlights the potential for such social media‐derived data in improving our understanding of population distributions and offers promise for more dynamic mapping with such data being continually produced and freely available.
Conjunctival mucinous adenocarcinoma in an ostrich (Struthio camelus)
Authors: Perrin Kathryn L. , Bertelsen Mads F. , Bartholin Henrik , Grøndahl Carsten , Heegaard Steffen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA 2‐year‐old male ostrich (Struthio camelus) presented with a rapidly growing soft tissue mass protruding from the ventromedial aspect of the right eye (OD). The initial physical examination revealed a soft tissue mass attached to the medial inferior conjunctiva. The mass was excised with cryosurgery, and the conjunctival tissue margins were treated with cryoablation. Histopathological examination diagnosed granulomatous inflammation associated with scattered acid‐fast bacteria. The ostrich recovered uneventfully and appeared healthy until recurrence of a grossly similar mass 2 months later. Gross examination revealed a botryoid mass attached to the inferior palpebral conjunctiva and extending onto the palpebral aspect of the nictitating membrane. Euthanasia was selected, and the histological diagnosis of the second mass was a mixed mucinous adenocarcinoma; however, no acid‐fast bacteria were seen. Granulomatous conjunctival lesions have been previously described in the ostrich, while, to the authors' knowledge, neoplastic conjunctival lesions have not. Neoplasia should be considered as a differential diagnosis for a rapidly recurring, granulomatous conjunctival mass in this species.
Prospective Evaluation of the Leipzig Stifle Distractor
Authors: Winkels Philipp , Pozzi Antonio , Cook Robert , Böttcher Peter 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the Leipzig Stifle Distractor (LSD) for arthroscopic evaluation of the medial meniscus.Study DesignProspective clinical multi‐center study.Animals64 stifles of 64 dogs (mean body weight 35 kg) with suspected cranial cruciate ligament rupture.MethodsThe LSD was used to distract the medial compartment and to evaluate the medial meniscus. The degree of exposure of the caudal pole of the medial meniscus (CMM) and ease of diagnosis was quantified after either distraction with the LSD or manipulation of the stifle with valgus stress and external rotation. Time for pin placement, level of difficulty and associated complications with LSD application were recorded. Medial collateral ligament integrity was tested by stress radiographs.ResultsThe mean time for applying the LSD was 1.4 minutes (range 0.5–3.0). Application was considered easy in 90% and moderate in 10% of joints, with no complications recorded. LSD application increased exposure (P < .001) and facilitated probing of the CMM (P < .001), allowing for the diagnosis of 10 meniscal tears missed without the LSD. The use of LSD increased the likelihood of diagnosing a meniscal tear by 1.9 times. Based on the stress radiographs, medial collateral ligament integrity was maintained in all tested stifles.ConclusionDiagnosis of medial meniscal tears was improved using LSD. The LSD provided a safe and effective method for improved visualization and access to the caudal portion of the medial meniscus, which may allow for better arthroscopic assessment of meniscal pathology in dogs.
Canine Elbow Realignment Osteotomy (CERO): Validation of the Accuracy of Acute Radial Lengthening in a Cadaveric Incongruency Model
Authors: Burton Neil J. , Parsons Kevin J. , Cunliffe Mark , Warren‐Smith Chris M.R. , Ness Malcolm G. , Fenton Gary 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo verify the ability of a novel Canine Elbow Realignment Osteotomy (CERO) system for acute axial radial or ulnar lengthening to restore normal elbow congruency in a shortened radius cadaver model using assessment by computed tomography (CT).Study DesignIn vitro cadaver study.AnimalsFive pairs of greyhound forelimbs from animals euthanatized for reasons unrelated to the study.MethodsCT of each elbow was performed (1) pre‐operatively (pre‐op), (2) after placement of a linear motor IMEX™ external skeletal fixator (ESF) on the radius with diaphyseal ostectomy and radial shorting of 1–5 mm (post‐ESF), and (3) after CERO surgery to lengthen the radius proximal to the ostectomy site by an amount equal to the degree of radial shortening (post‐CERO). The joint space at 7 loci on dorsal plane and 6 loci on sagittal plane reconstructions was measured to assess changes in joint congruity between pre‐op, post‐ESF, and post‐CERO. Repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc comparisons were performed to compare measurements between the 3 groups.ResultsMean joint space measurements at most loci in the dorsal and sagittal planes were significantly different post‐ESF compared with pre‐op, confirming development of joint incongruency with the model. Post‐CERO joint space measurements did not differ significantly compared with pre‐op measurements, demonstrating the return to normal joint congruency using the CERO procedure.ConclusionCERO surgery restored humeroradioulnar congruency in our cadaver model and may have application for acute correction of axial radial or ulnar incongruency in canine elbows secondary to elbow dysplasia or premature growth plate closure.
Reducing Antimicrobial Usage in Pig Production without Jeopardizing Production Parameters
Authors: Postma M. , Vanderhaeghen W. , Sarrazin S. , Maes D. , Dewulf J. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAntimicrobial usage (AMU) has been described to be high in pig production. Although farmers are aware of the high usage, little is known about intervention to improve the situation. This study evaluated the extent to which AMU could be reduced in pig production by the optimization of herd management, biosecurity status, vaccination strategy, anthelmintic therapy and advice on prudent AMU. Furthermore, the effects of these interventions on the herd production results were explored. This intervention study was conducted on 61 Flemish pig herds and included three visits per herd. During the initial visit, information was gathered on herd management, biosecurity status (quantified by means of the Biocheck.UGent™ risk‐based scoring system), vaccination strategy, anthelmintic therapy and AMU. This info was then translated into a herd‐specific action plan which was discussed with the farmer and herd veterinarian/other advisors during the second visit. In the final herd visit (±8 months later), comparable data were obtained to evaluate the progress. Overall, a significant improvement of 2.4 points external and 7 points internal biosecurity on the herds was obtained, combined with additional vaccination, anthelmintic therapy and prudent AMU. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in the AMU with a decrease of 52% for the pigs from birth till slaughter and 32% for breeding animals, based on treatment incidences (TIs) and included an important reduction in the use of critically important antimicrobials. More importantly, the increased biosecurity levels and decreased AMU were combined with significantly improved technical results such as the number of weaned piglets per sow per year (+1.1), daily weight gain (+5.9 g/day) and mortality in the finisher period (−0.6%). Guided interventions as a team effort of farmer and herd veterinarian/other advisors have shown to be a promising method in the reduction of AMU in pig production.