bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding behaviour of generalist pests on Brassica juncea: implication for manipulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway for enhanced resistance
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Augustine Rehna , Singh Amarjeet Kumar , Bisht Naveen C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDifferential accumulation of plant defence metabolites has been suggested to have important ecological consequence in the context of plant–insect interactions. Feeding of generalist pests on Brassica juncea showed a distinct pattern with selective exclusion of leaf margins which are high in glucosinolates. Molecular basis of this differential accumulation of glucosinolates could be explained based on differential expression profile of BjuMYB28 homologues, the major biosynthetic regulators of aliphatic glucosinolates, as evident from quantitative real‐time PCR and promoter:GUS fusion studies in allotetraploid B. juncea. Constitutive overexpression of selected BjuMYB28 homologues enhanced accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates in B. juncea. Performance of two generalist pests, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura larvae, on transgenic B. juncea plants were poor compared to wild‐type plants in a no‐choice experiment. Correlation coefficient analysis suggested that weight gain of H. armigera larvae was negatively correlated with gluconapin (GNA) and glucobrassicanapin (GBN), whereas that of S. litura larvae was negatively correlated with GNA, GBN and sinigrin (SIN). Our study explains the significance and possible molecular basis of differential distribution of glucosinolates in B. juncea leaves and shows the potential of overexpressing BjuMYB28 for enhanced resistance of Brassica crops against the tested generalist pests.
An oxygen isotope chronometer for cellulose deposition: the successive leaves formed by tillers of a C4 perennial grass
Authors: Liu Hai Tao , Yang Fang , Gong Xiao Ying , Schäufele Rudi , Schnyder Hans 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMultiannual time series of (palaeo)hydrological information can be reconstructed from the oxygen isotope composition of cellulose (δ18OCel) in biological archives, for example, tree rings, but our ability to temporally resolve information at subannual scale is limited. We capitalized on the short and predictable leaf appearance interval (2.4 d) of a perennial C4 grass (Cleistogenes squarrosa), to assess its potential for providing highly time‐resolved δ18OCel records of vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Plants grown at low (0.63 kPa) or high (1.58 kPa) VPD were swapped between VPD environments and exposed to the new environment for 7 d with simultaneous 13CO2 labelling. Then, leaves were sampled by age/position along individual tillers. Five leaves at different developmental stages were growing simultaneously. The period of most‐active leaf elongation, from 10 to 90% of final length, lasted 6.6 d, and ~80% of all carbon and oxygen incorporation in whole‐leaf cellulose occurred within 7 d. Cellulose deposition stopped at (or shortly after) full leaf expansion. The direction of change, low‐to‐high or high‐to‐low VPD, had no differential effect on new oxygen and carbon incorporation in cellulose. Successive leaves produced by tillers of C. squarrosa provide a δ18OCel record useful for reconstructions of short‐term hydrological dynamics.
Effects of discrete bioactive microbial volatiles on plants and fungi
Authors: Piechulla Birgit , Lemfack Marie Chantal , Kai Marco 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPlants live in association with microorganisms, which are well known as a rich source of specialized metabolites, including volatile compounds. The increasing numbers of described plant microbiomes allowed manifold phylogenetic tree deductions, but less emphasis is presently put on the metabolic capacities of plant‐associated microorganisms. With the focus on small volatile metabolites we summarize (i) the knowledge of prominent bacteria of plant microbiomes; (ii) present the state‐of‐the‐art of individual (discrete) microbial organic and inorganic volatiles affecting plants and fungi; and (iii) emphasize the high potential of microbial volatiles in mediating microbe–plant interactions. So far, 94 discrete organic and five inorganic compounds were investigated, most of them trigger alterations of the growth, physiology and defence responses in plants and fungi but little is known about the specific molecular and cellular targets. Large overlaps in emission profiles of the emitters and receivers render specific volatile organic compound‐mediated interactions highly unlikely for most bioactive mVOCs identified so far.
Phenotypic, molecular and pathogenic characterization of Phlyctema vagabunda, causal agent of olive leprosy
Authors: Romero J. , Raya M. C. , Roca L. F. , Agustí‐Brisach C. , Moral J. , Trapero A. 
Published: June 2017

Olive leprosy, caused by the fungus Phlyctema vagabunda, is a classic fruit rot disease widespread in the Mediterranean basin. From 2009 to 2013, new disease symptoms consisting of small circular necrotic leaf lesions, coin branch canker and shoot dieback were observed in Spanish and Portuguese olive orchards showing intense defoliation. Phlyctema‐like anamorphs were consistently isolated from leaves and shoots with symptoms. Representative isolates from affected leaves, shoots and fruits were characterized based on morphology of colonies and conidia, optimum growth temperature and comparison of DNA sequence data from four regions: ITS, tub2, MIT and rpb2. In addition, pathogenicity tests were performed on apple and olive fruits, and on branches and leaves of olive trees. Maximum mycelial growth rate ranged between 0.54 and 0.73 mm per day. Conidia produced on inoculated apple fruits showed slight differences in morphology among the representative fungal isolates evaluated. Phylogenetic analysis clustered all of the Phlyctema‐like isolates in the same clade, identifying them as Phlyctema vagabunda. On fruits, influence of wounding, ripening and cultivar resistance was studied, with cv. Blanqueta being the most susceptible cultivar. On branches, a mycelial‐plug inoculation method reproduced olive leprosy symptoms and caused shoot dieback. On leaves, Koch's postulates were fulfilled and the pathogen caused characteristic necrotic spots and plant defoliation. This is the first time that the pathogenicity of P. vagabunda in olive leaves has been demonstrated.
How friends share urban space: An exploratory spatiotemporal analysis using mobile phone data
Authors: Xu Yang , Belyi Alexander , Bojic Iva , Ratti Carlo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study proposes a framework to investigate the roles of urban spaces in connecting social contacts (i.e., “friends”). The framework is applied to a Call Detail Record (CDR) dataset collected in Singapore. First, a comparative analysis is performed to understand how friends share urban space differently from random people. Then, we derive two metrics to quantify the “bonding” and “bridging” capabilities of places in the city. The two metrics reflect the potential of a place in connecting friends and random people (e.g., chance encounters), respectively. Finally, we examine the temporal signature of the places’ bonding capabilities, and associate the results with various types of Points of Interest (POIs). We find that: (1) friends are more likely to share urban space than random people, and they also share more locations; (2) a place could play different roles in connecting friends vs. random people, and the relationship (between bonding and bridging) varies depending on the time and type of a day (weekdays vs. weekends); (3) the temporal signature of bonding capability is strongly related to the semantics of a place; (4) certain POI types (e.g., shopping malls) tend to have a much higher impact on bonding capability than others (e.g., sports centers).
Across state lines: Fulminant Babesia microti infection in a liver transplant recipient
Authors: Meissner Eric G. , McGillicuddy John W. , Squires Jerry , Skipper Daniel , Self Sally , Wray Dannah , Moritz Erin D. , Stramer Susan L. , Nadig Satish 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe potential for transmission of Babesia microti by blood transfusion is well recognized. Physicians may be unaware that products used for transfusion may be collected from geographically diverse regions. We describe a liver transplant recipient in South Carolina who likely acquired B. microti infection from a unit of blood collected in Minnesota.
Severe hemolysis after plasma transfusion in a neonate with necrotizing enterocolitis, Clostridium perfringens infection, and red blood cell T‐polyagglutination
Authors: Moh‐Klaren Julia , Bodivit Gwellaouen , Jugie Myriam , Chadebech Philippe , Chevret Laurent , Mokhtari Mostafa , Chamillard Xavier , Gallon Philippe , Tissières Pierre , Bierling Philippe , Djoudi Rachid , Pirenne France , Burin‐des‐Roziers Nicolas 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDRed blood cell (RBC) Thomsen‐Friedenreich antigen exposure (T activation) in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has occasionally been associated with posttransfusional intravascular hemolysis thought to be due to anti‐T antibodies in the donor plasma.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe describe an infant with NEC and Clostridium perfringens infection complicated by severe hemolysis after plasma transfusion. After this case, infants with confirmed NEC were prospectively evaluated for T activation. We checked for hemolysis in patients with T activation receiving plasma‐containing blood products.RESULTSThe infant had received 80 mL of fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP). His RBCs displayed strong T activation, and agglutination was observed with four of six ABO‐compatible FFP units. A direct antiglobulin test was negative. IgM‐class anti‐T antibodies were present in small amounts (titer of 8) in the transfused FFP. Anti‐T antibodies from the blood donor were not hemolytic in vitro. In the prospective study, T activation was observed in three of 28 infants with NEC (11%). One infant presented moderate T activation and two infants presented very strong T activation but only moderate decreases in sialic acid expression on the RBC membrane. These three infants presented no signs of hemolysis after transfusion with unwashed blood products or FFP.CONCLUSIONAnti‐T antibodies are unlikely to be the etiologic factor for the hemolytic reactions observed in infants with NEC and T activation. Massive RBC desialylation and the direct action of bacterial toxins are more probable causes. Strict avoidance of plasma‐containing blood products does not seem justified in these infants.
Improved yield of minimal proportional sample volume platelet bacterial culture
Authors: Kamel Hany , Townsend Mary , Bravo Marjorie , Vassallo Ralph R. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDReports of septic transfusion reactions (STRs) after transfusion of culture‐negative platelets (PLTs) justify more effective prevention strategies. Pathogen reduction technologies or performance of additional point‐of‐issue testing are proposed strategies to enhance safety through Day 5 of storage.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTrima leukoreduced apheresis PLTs (APs) were collected during two study periods (45 and 31 months) using standard procedures, with target settings adjusted during the second period to maintain split rate after increased culture volume. Primary testing for bacterial contamination was performed using BacT/ALERT 3D with sampling from the mother bag 24 to 36 hours after collection. Two culture approaches were compared: in Period A, an 8‐mL sample in one aerobic culture bottle (CB), and in Period B a minimal proportional sample volume (PSV) of at least 3.8% of mother bag volume into one to three aerobic CBs (7‐10 mL per bottle).RESULTSIn Periods A and B, 188,389 and 159,098 AP collections were tested, respectively. The true‐positive (TP) rate in Period A was 0.90 per 10,000 collections and in Period B was 1.83 per 10,000 (p < 0.05). In Period B, 12 of 29 (41%) TP results had discrepant CB results (DCBRs; at least one of multiple bottles without growth). The false‐positive rate in Period B, 15.05 per 10,000 collections, was significantly higher than that of Period A, 3.66 per 10,000. One contaminated collection resulting in STR(s) was reported in each study period. Implementation of PSV was operationally successful and did not impact the AP split rate.CONCLUSIONProportional sample volume improved the sensitivity of primary testing and identified collections that could have escaped detection had only a single bottle with 8‐ to 10‐mL volume been used. PSV may represent another approach to enhanced PLT safety for 5‐day storage without a requirement for secondary testing.
Plural nouns in Tswana English
Authors: MOHR SUSANNE 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis study analyzes non‐standard plurals, which have been reported for several Outer and Expanding Circle varieties, in Tswana English as exemplified in the International Corpus of Learner English (ICLE). The focus of the study is on substrate influence and transfer, which is often difficult to determine for African varieties of English given their extremely multilingual sociolinguistic setting. The results of the corpus analysis, compared to two typologically different Expanding Circle varieties, question the status of Tswana English as an Expanding Circle variety. In this context, this article discusses the Outer versus Expanding Circle distinction and the necessity to unequivocally assign a variety to either the Outer or Expanding Circle.
Impact of consumer copayments for subsidised medicines on health services use and outcomes: a protocol using linked administrative data from Western Australia
Authors: Seaman Karla L , Sanfilippo Frank M , Roughead Elizabeth E , Bulsara Max K , Kemp-Casey Anna , Bulsara Caroline , Watts Gerald F , Preen David 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAcross the world, health systems are adopting approaches to manage rising healthcare costs. One common strategy is a medication copayments scheme where consumers make a contribution (copayment) towards the cost of their dispensed medicines, with remaining costs subsidised by the health insurance service, which in Australia is the Federal Government.In Australia, copayments have tended to increase in proportion to inflation, but in January 2005, the copayment increased substantially more than inflation. Results from aggregated dispensing data showed that this increase led to a significant decrease in the use of several medicines. The aim of this study is to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals ceasing or reducing statin medication use following the January 2005 Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme (PBS) copayment increase and the effects on their health outcomes.Methods and analysisThis whole-of-population study comprises a series of retrospective, observational investigations using linked administrative health data on a cohort of West Australians (WA) who had at least one statin dispensed between 1 May 2002 and 30 June 2010. Individual-level data on the use of pharmaceuticals, general practitioner (GP) visits, hospitalisations and death are used.This study will identify patients who were stable users of statin medication in 2004 with follow-up commencing from 2005 onwards. Subgroups determined by change in adherence levels of statin medication from 2004 to 2005 will be classified as continuation, reduction or cessation of statin therapy and explored for differences in health outcomes and health service utilisation after the 2005 copayment change.Ethics and disseminationEthics approvals have been obtained from the Western Australian Department of Health (#2007/33), University of Western Australia (RA/4/1/1775) and University of Notre Dame (0 14 167F). Outputs from the findings will be published in peer reviewed journals designed for a policy audience and presented at state, national and international conferences.
Cross-sectional association between ZIP code-level gentrification and homelessness among a large community-based sample of people who inject drugs in 19 US cities
Authors: Linton Sabriya L , Cooper Hannah LF , Kelley Mary E , Karnes Conny C , Ross Zev , Wolfe Mary E , Friedman Samuel R , Jarlais Don Des , Semaan Salaam , Tempalski Barbara , Sionean Catlainn , DiNenno Elizabeth , Wejnert Cyprian , Paz-Bailey Gabriela 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundHousing instability has been associated with poor health outcomes among people who inject drugs (PWID). This study investigates the associations of local-level housing and economic conditions with homelessness among a large sample of PWID, which is an underexplored topic to date.MethodsPWID in this cross-sectional study were recruited from 19 large cities in the USA as part of National HIV Behavioral Surveillance. PWID provided self-reported information on demographics, behaviours and life events. Homelessness was defined as residing on the street, in a shelter, in a single room occupancy hotel, or in a car or temporarily residing with friends or relatives any time in the past year. Data on county-level rental housing unaffordability and demand for assisted housing units, and ZIP code-level gentrification (eg, index of percent increases in non-Hispanic white residents, household income, gross rent from 1990 to 2009) and economic deprivation were collected from the US Census Bureau and Department of Housing and Urban Development. Multilevel models evaluated the associations of local economic and housing characteristics with homelessness.ResultsSixty percent (5394/8992) of the participants reported homelessness in the past year. The multivariable model demonstrated that PWID living in ZIP codes with higher levels of gentrification had higher odds of homelessness in the past year (gentrification: adjusted OR=1.11, 95% CI=1.04 to 1.17).ConclusionsAdditional research is needed to determine the mechanisms through which gentrification increases homelessness among PWID to develop appropriate community-level interventions.
Endovascular management of aneurysms associated with spinal arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Jung Sung Chul , Song Yunsun , Cho Su Hee , Kim Joonggoo , Noh Seung Yeon , Lee Sang Hun , Sheen Jae Jon , Rhim Seung Chul , Jeon Sang Ryong , Suh Dae Chul 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundSpinal aneurysms are rare among spinal arteriovenous malformations (SAVMs). There are few reports of endovascular management of spinal aneurysms associated with SAVM.ObjectiveTo present endovascular management of aneurysms associated with SAVM.MethodsOf 91 patients with SAVMs,eight (9%) presented with aneurysms. Of these, three were male and five were female with a median age of 18 years (range 11–38). We evaluated the presenting pattern, lesion level, type of the target aneurysm related to the presenting pattern and AVM nidus, and the result obtained after embolization or open surgery. Clinical status was evaluated by Aminoff–Logue (ALS) gait and micturition scale scores.ResultsThe presenting patterns were subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH, n=3) or mass effect caused by extrinsic (n=4) or intrinsic (n=1) cord compression. Aneurysms were located in four cervical, two thoracic, and two lumbar enlargement areas. There were two prenidal (arterial), three nidal, and three postnidal (venous) aneurysms. The mean diameter of the aneurysms was 9 mm (range 3–27). Glue embolization (n=6), open surgery (n=1), and combined surgery and embolization (n=1) was performed to obliterate the aneurysms. Obliteration of the target aneurysms resulted in improvement of symptoms and clinical stabilization of SAVMs in all patients during a mean of 55 months (range 7–228) of follow-up.ConclusionsIdentification of a symptomatic aneurysm should be associated with clinical presentation pattern. Targeted obliteration of the aneurysm by embolization and/or surgery resulted in improvement of symptoms and stabilization of SAVM.
Supporting occupational therapists implementing a capacity-building model in schools
Authors: Pollock Nancy A. , Dix Leah , Whalen Sandra Sahagian , Campbell Wenonah N. , Missiuna Cheryl A. 
Published: June 2017

Background. Adopting a new model of clinical practice is complex. Professional development programs based on best-practice principles may facilitate this process. Purpose. This paper describes the development and evaluation of a multifaceted professional development program designed to support school-based occupational therapists to deliver a capacity-building model of service. Method. Twenty-two therapists participated in the program; completed pre-post evaluations of knowledge, skills, and beliefs; evaluated specific components of the training program; and participated in focus groups. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed using a directed content analysis. Findings. Therapists’ perceptions of their knowledge and skills showed statistically significant change. Both training and mentorship were highly valued; however, having opportunities to build peer networks was considered essential. Implications. Multifaceted professional development programs designed using best-practice principles are an important mechanism for facilitating practice change. Including a process for peer support is advised.
Governance of Development Assistance: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Kaur Navreet , Sitlhou Lhoukhokai 
Published: June 2017

Good governance emphasises upon efficient and effective institutional mechanism, greater transparency, people’s participation, citizen-centric services and accountability. These reforms are not only limited to national governance practices but also applicable to distribution, disbursement and effectiveness of development assistance. The objective of development assistance is to provide opportunities to needy, deprived and disadvantageous sections of the society. The available data on development assistance clearly demonstrate that rich countries, Development Assistance Countries (DACs) provide financial assistance to poor countries and it has reached US$100 billion in recent years. Non-DAC bilateral assistance (NDBA) is more than US$8 billion in Office of Disaster Assistance (ODA) and US$5 billion annually in country programmable aid (CPA). Private aid (PrA) from DAC members contribute between US$58 billion and 68 billion per year. Total aid flows to developing countries currently amount to around US$180 billion annually. Multilateral aid agencies (around 230) outnumber donors and recipients combined. But the harsh reality is high percentage of illiteracy, high child mortality, gender inequality, prevalence of corruption and exclusion of needy people from the development process. The examination of the process and procedures involved in development process revealed that there are many challenges in the process adopted for allocation, methodological limitations, evaluation limitation, lack of coordination among multiple agencies, political compulsions of donor and recipient countries, transparency, accountability and multidimensional global financial markets compulsions. Certain measures can make development more inclusive and sustainable. Collective efforts of all agencies are the need of the hour to achieve the targets of sustainable development. Coordination among multiple agencies, capacity building of target population and involvement of private agencies in the development process will pave the way for sustainable development.