bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate Implant Placement and Provisionalization Following Tumor‐Resective Surgery in the Midfacial Region: A Case Series
Authors: Fernandes Nelson , van den Heever Jacobus , Sykes Leanne 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSurgical and prosthodontic restoration of the midfacial region following tumor resection has always posed a considerable challenge, as this area serves crucial functional and esthetic roles. Being diagnosed and subsequently treated for facial tumors can have an immense psychosocial impact on a patient, as the resulting defects are often disfiguring, and lead to an inability to masticate, swallow, and speak clearly. Provision of an immediate facial and dental prosthesis at the time of surgery can limit these side effects and help reduce mental duress on these patients and their families, as well as aid in the process of rehabilitation. Rapid prototyping (RP) and 3D printing, as this paper shows, assists presurgical planning of the tumor resection, as well as the manufacture of maxillofacial and dental prostheses. Often these defects are extensive, so prosthesis retention is aided by zygomatic implants placed at the time of surgical resection. When placed at this time, and prior to radiation therapy, these craniofacial implants have improved survival rates. Thus, this treatment modality can improve postoperative recovery considerably, while at the same time allowing for cleaning and monitoring of the resected site for tumor recurrence.
Impact of pediatric obesity on acute asthma exacerbation in Japan
Authors: Okubo Yusuke , Michihata Nobuaki , Yoshida Koichi , Morisaki Naho , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAsthma and obesity are common health problems in children. This study investigated the impact of obesity on children hospitalized with acute asthma exacerbation.MethodsWe obtained the hospital discharge records of inpatients aged 3‐8 years with a diagnosis of asthma using a national inpatient database in Japan. The patients were classified into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese groups using weight for height and body mass index for age provided by the World Health Organization. We compared 30‐day re‐admission, need for intensive care, mean total hospitalization costs, and length of hospital stay between the 4 groups using multivariable regression models.ResultsOverall, 38 679 patients were identified, including 3177 underweight, 28 904 normal weight, 3334 overweight, and 3264 obese patients. The obese group showed significantly higher 30‐day re‐admission (adjusted odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.03‐1.54) and longer length of stay (adjusted difference, 0.12 days; 95% confidence interval, 0.10‐0.20 days) than the normal weight group. The threshold was a 91st percentile of weight for length or body mass index for the relationship with 30‐day re‐admission. No significant difference was observed between the 4 groups regarding the need for intensive care and total hospitalization costs.ConclusionThese findings demonstrated that obesity was a risk factor for repeated admissions caused by asthma in children, indicating the importance for the prevention of pediatric obesity.
Assessment of public health core competencies in prelicensure baccalaureate nursing students
Authors: Siemon Mark , Gallegos Cara , Gehrke Pamela 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the use of the Public Health Foundation's (Public Health Foundation [PHF], ) Competency Assessment for Tier 1 Public Health Professionals to examine prelicensure baccalaureate nursing students' self‐reported levels of competence in public health before and after completing community health nursing courses.DesignPrelicensure baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in community health nursing courses completed a pre and postcourse Competency Assessment for Tier 1 Public Health Professionals survey. The survey results were analyzed using nonparametric tests to determine whether there were significant differences in pre and postsurvey scores for the eight domains of public health core competencies, and for an overall competency score.ResultsSignificant differences were found in the pre and postaggregate mean scores for each of the eight domains of public health core competency, and the overall mean public health competency score. Chi‐square testing of pre and postcourse competency found significant difference in the proportion of students who met criteria for self‐reported competence in each of the eight domains and overall public health competence.ConclusionThe Competency Assessment for Tier 1 Public Health Professionals can assist baccalaureate nursing faculty with assessing precourse learning needs, and postcourse evaluation of self‐reported competence in public health.
Epigenetics in aquaculture – the last frontier
Authors: Granada Luana , Lemos Marco F.L. , Cabral Henrique N. , Bossier Peter , Novais Sara C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAquaculture production is expanding rapidly around the world. To tackle rising production and species diversity issues, innovations in the field of aquaculture feeds, breeding, disease management and other improvements must be addressed. In this framework, the study of epigenetic mechanisms behind different aquaculture rearing processes presents great opportunities. The transcriptional impact of epigenetic modifications, triggered by environmental stimuli, has been shown to influence the organism's phenotype. Therefore, understanding the environmental‐induced epigenetic markers related to disease resistance or other economically important traits will allow the establishment of favourable breeding conditions with increased economical revenue. Several studies have shown epigenetic effects in various species, induced by different rearing conditions, with benefits for the organisms and evidences for heritability of the acquired adaptive phenotypic traits across generations, making these studies even more relevant in a production context. These studies have demonstrated the great potential of epigenetics to positively induce disease resistance, stress tolerance and attain better sex ratios in the aquatic organism. Also, in the field of nutritional epigenetics, the possibility of early nutritional programming to improve the performance of broodstock or even the long‐term performance of their progeny has been suggested. In sum, an increased understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in economically important species, and the epigenetic markers leading to the most favourable phenotypic traits, will contribute to the expansion of economically viable commercial aquaculture industries. The major epigenetic mechanisms and respective analysis methods, as well as the state of the art and potential applications in aquaculture, are addressed in this review.
GI-19007, a Novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Based Therapeutic Vaccine against Tuberculosis
Authors: King Thomas H. , Shanley Crystal A. , Guo Zhimin , Bellgrau Donald , Rodell Timothy , Furney Synthia , Henao-Tamayo Marcela , Orme Ian M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAs yet, very few vaccine candidates with activity in animals againstMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection have been tested as therapeutic postexposure vaccines. We recently described two pools of mycobacterial proteins with this activity, and here we describe further studies in which four of these proteins (Rv1738, Rv2032, Rv3130, and Rv3841) were generated as a fusion polypeptide and then delivered in a novel yeast-based platform (Tarmogen) which itself has immunostimulatory properties, including activation of Toll-like receptors. This platform can deliver antigens into both the class I and class II antigen presentation pathways and stimulate strong Th1 and Th17 responses. In mice this fusion vaccine, designated GI-19007, was immunogenic and elicited strong gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses; despite this, they displayed minimal prophylactic activity in mice that were subsequently infected with a virulent clinical strain. In contrast, in a therapeutic model in the guinea pig, GI-19007 significantly reduced the lung bacterial load and reduced lung pathology, particularly in terms of secondary lesion development, while significantly improving survival in one-third of these animals. In further studies in which guinea pigs were vaccinated with BCG before challenge, therapeutic vaccination with GI-19007 initially improved survival versus that of animals given BCG alone, although this protective effect was gradually lost at around 400 days after challenge. Given its apparent ability to substantially limit bacterial dissemination within and from the lungs, GI-19007 potentially can be used to limit lung damage as well as facilitating chemotherapeutic regimens in infected individuals.
Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch on the Human Gut Microbiome, Metaproteome, and Metabolome
Authors: Maier Tanja V. , Lucio Marianna , Lee Lang Ho , VerBerkmoes Nathan C. , Brislawn Colin J. , Bernhardt Jörg , Lamendella Regina , McDermott Jason E. , Bergeron Nathalie , Heinzmann Silke S. , Morton James T. , González Antonio , Ackermann Gail , Knight Rob , Riedel Katharina , Krauss Ronald M. , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe , Jansson Janet K. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTDiet can influence the composition of the human microbiome, and yet relatively few dietary ingredients have been systematically investigated with respect to their impact on the functional potential of the microbiome. Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of “omics” approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio ofFirmicutestoBacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of theFirmicutesand concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCEThis work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. Although it is known that gut microbes play a key role in digestion of the food that we consume, the specific contributions of different microorganisms are not well understood. In addition, the metabolic pathways and resultant products of metabolism during digestion are highly complex. To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut.
A Single Dual-Function Enzyme Controls the Production of Inflammatory NOD Agonist Peptidoglycan Fragments by
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Lenz Jonathan D. , Hackett Kathleen T. , Dillard Joseph P. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
gonococcus (GC) is a Gram-negative betaproteobacterium and causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. During growth, GC releases lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and peptidoglycan (PG) fragments, which contribute significantly to the inflammatory damage observed during human infection. In ascending infection of human Fallopian tubes, inflammation leads to increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and sterility. Of the PG fragments released by GC, most are disaccharide peptide monomers, and of those, 80% have tripeptide stems despite the observation that tetrapeptide stems make up 80% of the assembled cell wall. We identified a serine-protease
l
,
d
-carboxypeptidase, NGO1274 (LdcA), as the enzyme responsible for converting cell wall tetrapeptide-stem PG to released tripeptide-stem PG. Unlike characterized cytoplasmic LdcA homologs in gammaproteobacteria, LdcA in GC is exported to the periplasm, and its localization is critical for its activity in modifying PG fragments for release. Distinct among other characterized
l
,
d
-carboxypeptidases, LdcA from GC is also capable of catalyzing the cleavage of specific peptide cross-bridges (endopeptidase activity). To define the role of
ldcA
in pathogenesis, we demonstrate that
ldcA
disruption results in both loss of NOD1-dependent NF-κB activation and decreased NOD2-dependent NF-κB activation while not affecting Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist release. Since the human intracellular peptidoglycan receptor NOD1 (hNOD1) specifically recognizes PG fragments with a terminal
meso
-DAP rather than
d
-alanine, we conclude that LdcA is required for GC to provoke NOD1-dependent responses in cells of the human host.

IMPORTANCE
The macromolecular meshwork of peptidoglycan serves essential functions in determining bacterial cell shape, protecting against osmotic lysis, and defending cells from external assaults. The conserved peptidoglycan structure, however, is also recognized by eukaryotic pattern recognition receptors, which can trigger immune responses against bacteria. Many bacteria can induce an inflammatory response through the intracellular peptidoglycan receptor NOD1, but
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
serves as an extreme example, releasing fragments of peptidoglycan into the environment during growth that specifically antagonize human NOD1. Understanding the peptidoglycan breakdown mechanisms that allow
Neisseria
to promote NOD1 activation, rather than avoiding or suppressing immune detection, is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of this increasingly drug-resistant organism. We identify a peptidoglycan
l
,
d
-carboxypeptidase responsible for converting liberated peptidoglycan fragments into the human NOD1 agonist and find that the same enzyme has endopeptidase activity on certain peptidoglycan cross-links, the first described combination of those two activities in a single enzyme.
Peripheral Artery Disease and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Outcomes
Authors: Fanaroff Alexander C. , Manandhar Pratik , Holmes David R. , Cohen David J. , Harrison J. Kevin , Hughes G. Chad , Thourani Vinod H. , Mack Michael J. , Sherwood Matthew W. , Jones W. Schuyler , Vemulapalli Sreekanth 
Published: October 2017

Background—
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, and PAD risk factors overlap with those for aortic stenosis. The prevalence and outcomes associated with PAD in a population undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are unknown.

Methods and Results—

Using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry linked to Medicare claims data, we identified patients ≥65 years old undergoing TAVR from 2011 to 2015. We calculated hazard ratios for 1-year adverse outcomes, including mortality, readmission, and bleeding, for patients with PAD compared with those without, adjusting for baseline characteristics and postprocedure medications. Analyses were performed separately by access site (transfemoral and nontransfemoral). Of 19 660 patients undergoing transfemoral TAVR, 4810 (24.5%) had PAD; 3730 (47.9%) of 7780 patients undergoing nontransfemoral TAVR had PAD. In both groups, patients with PAD were significantly more likely to have coronary and carotid artery diseases. At 1-year follow-up, patients with PAD undergoing TAVR via transfemoral access had a higher incidence of death (16.8% versus 14.4%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.14;
P
=0.01), readmission (45.5% versus 42.1%; hazard ratio, 1.11;
P
<0.001), and bleeding (23.1% versus 19.7%; hazard ratio, 1.18;
P
<0.001) compared with patients without PAD. Patients with PAD undergoing TAVR via nontransfemoral access did not have significantly higher rates of 1-year mortality or readmission compared with patients without PAD.

Conclusions—
PAD is common among patients undergoing commercial TAVR via transfemoral and nontransfemoral access. Among patients undergoing transfemoral TAVR, PAD is associated with a higher incidence of 1-year adverse outcomes compared with absence of PAD.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01737528.
Comparison Between Patent Ductus Arteriosus Stent and Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt as Palliation for Infants With Ductal-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow
Authors: Glatz Andrew C. , Petit Christopher J. , Goldstein Bryan H. , Kelleman Michael S. , McCracken Courtney E. , McDonnell Alicia , Buckey Timothy , Mascio Christopher E. , Shashidharan Subi , Ligon R. Allen , Ao Jingning , Whiteside Wendy , Wallen W. Jack , Metcalf Christina M. , Aggarwal Varun , Agrawal Hitesh , Qureshi Athar M. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow may undergo palliation with either a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stent or a modified Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt. A balanced multicenter comparison of these 2 approaches is lacking.

Methods:
Infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow palliated with either a PDA stent or a BT shunt from January 2008 to November 2015 were reviewed from the 4 member centers of the Congenital Catheterization Research Collaborative. Outcomes were compared by use of propensity score adjustment to account for baseline differences between groups.

Results:

One hundred six patients with a PDA stent and 251 patients with a BT shunt were included. The groups differed in underlying anatomy (expected 2-ventricle circulation in 60% of PDA stents versus 45% of BT shunts;
P
=0.001) and presence of antegrade pulmonary blood flow (61% of PDA stents versus 38% of BT shunts;
P
<0.001). After propensity score adjustment, there was no difference in the hazard of the primary composite outcome of death or unplanned reintervention to treat cyanosis (hazard ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52–1.23;
P
=0.31). Other reinterventions were more common in the PDA stent group (hazard ratio, 29.8; 95% CI, 9.8–91.1;
P
<0.001). However, the PDA stent group had a lower adjusted intensive care unit length of stay (5.3 days [95% CI, 4.2–6.7] versus 9.19 days [95% CI, 7.9–10.6];
P
<0.001), a lower risk of diuretic use at discharge (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.25–0.64;
P
<0.001) and procedural complications (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2–0.77;
P
=0.006), and larger (152 mm
2
/m
2
[95% CI, 132–176] versus 125 mm
2
/m
2
[95% CI, 113–138];
P
=0.029) and more symmetrical (symmetry index, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.8–0.89] versus 0.77 [95% CI, 0.75–0.8];
P
=0.008] pulmonary arteries at the time of subsequent surgical repair or last follow-up.

Conclusions:
In this multicenter comparison of palliative PDA stent and BT shunt for infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow adjusted for differences in patient factors, there was no difference in the primary end point, death or unplanned reintervention to treat cyanosis. However, other markers of morbidity and pulmonary artery size favored the PDA stent group, supporting PDA stent as a reasonable alternative to BT shunt in select patients.
Both Light Intensity and Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity Measured by Accelerometry Are Favorably Associated With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Older Women: The Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (OPACH) Study
Authors: LaMonte Michael J. , Lewis Cora E. , Buchner David M. , Evenson Kelly R. , Rillamas‐Sun Eileen , Di Chongzhi , Lee I‐Min , Bellettiere John , Stefanick Marcia L. , Eaton Charles B. , Howard Barbara V. , Bird Chloe , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Rossouw Jacques , Ludlam Shari , Burwen Dale , McGowan Joan , Ford Leslie , Geller Nancy , Anderson Garnet , Prentice Ross , Kooperberg Charles , Manson JoAnn E. , Jackson Rebecca , Thomson Cynthia A. , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Limacher Marian , Wallace Robert , Kuller Lewis , Shumaker Sally 
Published: October 2017

Background

The relationship between light intensity physical activity (
PA
), which is common in older adults, and cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) risk factors is unclear. This study examined associations of accelerometer‐measured
PA
intensity with
CVD
risk factors in older women of different race‐ethnicities.

Methods and Results

Cross‐sectional analyses were conducted in 4832 women (mean age 78.9 years; 52.5% white, 30.5% black, 17.1% Hispanic) who were without known
CVD
and wore triaxial accelerometers a minimum of 4 of 7 days with ≥10 hours/d awake wear‐time. Vector magnitude counts per 15‐s epoch were used to define time spent in low light (19–225 counts/15 s), high light (226–518), and moderate‐to‐vigorous; ≥519) intensity
PA
. Fasting
CVD
biomarkers, resting blood pressure, waist girth, body mass index, and 10‐year predicted
CVD
risk (Reynolds Risk Score) were measured. After adjusting for age, wear time, race‐ethnicity, and potential confounders, each
PA
measure was favorably associated with mean high‐density lipoprotein, triglyceride, glucose, C‐reactive protein, body mass index, waist girth, and Reynolds Risk Score (
P
<0.05, all). Associations with mean blood pressure, insulin, and total and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were variable. A 30‐minute/d increment in
PA
was associated, on average, with odds ratios for high predicted
CVD
risk (Reynolds Risk Score ≥20) of 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.92, 1.00), 0.88 (0.83, 0.94), and 0.85 (0.79, 0.91) for low light, high light, and moderate‐to‐vigorous, respectively, and remained significant with further mutual control for
PA
intensity.

Conclusions

PA
measured by accelerometry, including light intensity
PA
, was associated with lower
CVD
risk factor levels in race‐ethnically diverse older women.
The Letter of Barnabas and the Jerusalem Temple
Authors: Sheppard Anthony 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article examines a short passage in the Letter of Barnabas (16:3-4) which appears to refer to a rumoured, planned, or actual contemporary rebuilding of the Jerusalem Temple under Roman auspices. I identify a possible historical context and set the possible attempted reconstruction of the Temple in the framework of Roman policy relating to colonies and indigenous temples. In particular, I reject attempts to date Barnabas from a cryptic apocalyptic quotation (4:4-5), preferring to rely mainly on an apparent reference to 4 Ezra, datable to ca. 100 ce. Combining this approach to dating with a search for possible historical contexts leads me to opt for a Hadrianic date, specifically during the planning of the Roman military colony of Aelia Capitolina, for the actual or, more likely, planned/rumoured reconstruction of the Temple.