bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal environment of the Southern Washington region of the Cascadia subduction zone
Authors: Salmi Marie S. , Johnson H. Paul , Harris Robert N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEleven recently collected multichannel seismic (MCS) profiles from the Cascadia Open‐Access Seismic Transects experiment offshore Washington State are used to characterize the distribution of bottom‐simulating reflectors (BSRs) from seaward of the deformation front onto the continental shelf of the Cascadia Subduction Zone. The 11 MCS lines consisted of nine lines perpendicular and two lines parallel to the Cascadia margin covering a 100 km along‐strike region of the accretionary wedge. From these MCS profiles we generated a 3‐D view of the Cascadia margin thermal structure by interpreting 40,232 individual BSR picks in terms of temperature and heat flow. Overall BSR‐derived heat flow values decrease from approximately 95 mW m−2 10 km east of the deformation front to approximately 60 mW m−2 located 60 km landward of the deformation front. Anomalously low heat flow values near 25 mW m−2 on a prominent midmargin terrace indicate recent sediment failure within the accretionary prism. Localized differences between BSR heat flow and numerical models reflect an estimated regional mean vertical fluid flow of +0.53 cm yr−1 for the survey area, with localized fluid flow approaching a maximum of +3.8 cm yr−1. Distinct finite element models for the nine MCS profiles perpendicular to the deformation front reproduce BSR heat flow values, producing an overall root‐mean‐square misfit of 10.2 mW m−2. At the deformation front, the incoming oceanic sediment/crust interface temperatures vary from 164°C to 179°C, indicating the updip limit of the Cascadia seismogenic zone.
Evidence for a Holocene Climatic Optimum in the southwest Pacific: A multiproxy study
Authors: Prebble J. G. , Bostock H. C. , Cortese G. , Lorrey A. M. , Hayward B. W. , Calvo E. , Northcote L. C. , Scott G. H. , Neil H. L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe early Holocene sea surface temperature (SST) gradient across the subtropical front (STF) to the east of New Zealand was ~2°C (measured between core sites MD97‐2121 and MD97‐2120): considerably less than the ~6°C modern gradient between the two core sites. We document the surface ocean temperatures east and south of New Zealand during the early and middle Holocene, to test and expand upon this reconstruction. This new study samples a latitudinal transect of seven sediment cores from 37°S to 60°S in the southwest Pacific from subtropical waters north of New Zealand to polar waters in the Southern Ocean. Our compilation of SST proxies consists of 525 SST estimates from five different methods and includes 243 new data points. We confirm that an early Holocene warm peak in this region was mostly restricted to the area immediately south of the STF, which resulted in a lower temperature gradient across the STF than in modern times. However, there is no change in Holocene SST south of the polar front. Faunal assemblages suggest an early Holocene meridional expansion of fauna characteristic of the modern subtropical front in the Bounty Gyre. We suggest that such an expansion could be achieved by a reduced inflow of Subantarctic Surface Water into the Bounty Gyre. Results from a modern‐analog matching platform called the Past Interpretation of Climate Tool (PICT) suggest that the early Holocene SST is most consistent with reduced westerly winds in the New Zealand sector of the Southern Ocean.
50 GHz active‐LC CMOS oscillator: Theoretical study and experimental proofs
Authors: Pepe Domenico , Chlis Ilias , Zito Domenico 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA 50 GHz cross‐coupled differential‐pair oscillator with a high‐Q active inductor in the LC tank has been designed and fabricated in 65 nm bulk complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The principle of operation is explained and a complete theoretical study is carried out. The analytical expressions for the open loop transfer function, oscillation frequency, start‐up condition, tank impedance, and phase noise are derived. The results of the analytical study are compared with those obtained by SpectreRF simulations in the Cadence design environment. Measurement results of the stand‐alone mm‐wave active inductor show an equivalent inductance of 133 pH with a quality factor exceeding 400 at 50 GHz, demonstrating experimentally the implementation of high‐Q active inductors operating at the millimeter waves in CMOS technology. The measurement results of the oscillator show a phase noise of −85 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz frequency offset from the carrier when the active inductor is switched off and −91 dBc/Hz when it is switched on, leading to a phased noise reduction of 6 dB.
Global association of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation with monsoon lows and depressions
Authors: Haertel Patrick , Boos William R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPrevious research has revealed that monsoon lows and depressions are modulated on intraseasonal time scales in a few regions, including India, Australia, and the East Pacific. This study examines whether such modulation occurs on a global scale and, in particular, how the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is associated with changes in synoptic‐scale vortices across all monsoon regions. The spatial climatology of monsoon disturbances is largely insensitive to MJO amplitude. However, monsoon disturbance frequency (MDF) varies substantially with MJO phase, with regional perturbations of 25 to 90% of the seasonal mean value across the tropics. In off‐equatorial locations, MDF maxima occur in locations where the MJO enhances low level cyclonic vorticity, typically near the western edge of midlevel moisture perturbations. In contrast, equatorial MDF perturbations are in phase with MJO moisture and rainfall anomalies, with maxima in regions with strong low level zonal wind convergence.
Regional warming of hot extremes accelerated by surface energy fluxes
Authors: Donat M. G. , Pitman A. J. , Seneviratne S. I. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStrong regional differences exist in how hot temperature extremes increase under global warming. Using an ensemble of coupled climate models, we examine the regional warming rates of hot extremes relative to annual average warming rates in the same regions. We identify hot spots of accelerated warming of model‐simulated hot extremes in Europe, North America, South America, and Southeast China. These hot spots indicate where the warm tail of a distribution of temperatures increases faster than the average and are robust across most Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models. Exploring the conditions on the specific day when the hot extreme occurs demonstrates that the hot spots are explained by changes in the surface energy fluxes consistent with drying soils. However, the model‐simulated accelerated warming of hot extremes appears inconsistent with observations, except over Europe. The simulated acceleration of hot extremes may therefore be unreliable, a result that necessitates a reevaluation of how climate models resolve the relevant terrestrial processes.
Fracture hydromechanical response measured by fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing at milliHertz frequencies
Authors: Becker M. W. , Ciervo C. , Cole M. , Coleman T. , Mondanos M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA new method of measuring dynamic strain in boreholes was used to record fracture displacement in response to head oscillation. Fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) was used to measure strain at mHz frequencies, rather than the Hz to kHz frequencies typical for seismic and acoustic monitoring. Fiber optic cable was mechanically coupled to the wall of a borehole drilled into fractured crystalline bedrock. Oscillating hydraulic signals were applied at a companion borehole 30 m away. The DAS instrument measured fracture displacement at frequencies of less than 1 mHz and amplitudes of less than 1 nm, in response to fluid pressure changes of less 20 Pa (2 mm H2O). Displacement was linearly related to the log of effective stress, a relationship typically explained by the effect of self‐affine fracture roughness on fracture closure. These results imply that fracture roughness affects closure even when displacement is a million times smaller than the fracture aperture.
Tracking silica in Earth's upper mantle using new sound velocity data for coesite to 5.8 GPa and 1073 K
Authors: Chen Ting , Liebermann Robert C. , Zou Yongtao , Li Ying , Qi Xintong , Li Baosheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe compressional and shear wave velocities for coesite have been measured simultaneously up to 5.8 GPa and 1073 K by ultrasonic interferometry for the first time. The shear wave velocity decreases with pressure along all isotherms. The resulting contrasts between coesite and stishovite reach ~34% and ~45% for P and S wave velocities, respectively, and ~64% and ~75% for their impedance at mantle conditions. The large velocity and impedance contrasts across coesite‐stishovite transition imply that to generate the velocity and impedance contrasts observed at the X‐discontinuity, only a small amount of silica would be required. The velocity jump dependences on silica, d(lnVP)/d(SiO2) = 0.38 (wt %)−1 and d(lnVS)/d(SiO2) = 0.52 (wt %)−1, are utilized to place constraints on the amount of silica in the upper mantle and provide a geophysical approach to track mantle eclogite materials and ancient subducted oceanic slabs.
Radar and rain gauge rainfall discrepancies driven by changes in atmospheric conditions
Authors: Song Yang , Han Dawei , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study explores humidity impacts on radar‐gauge rainfall discrepancies in three‐dimensional spatial fields. The results indicate that the radar overestimates rainfall when relative humidity is low, whereas the increment of rainfall is detected by the gauge when relative humidity maintains high. The proposed linear models exhibit desirable fitting correlations between the mean relative humidity and the average rainfall deficits especially in the cold season with a higher correlation coefficient r (0.837). The results of model generalizations show a considerable improvement in the radar‐gauge rainfall agreement as RMSE declines evidently from 4.002 mm/h to 1.057 mm/h for rainfall events in the cold season and from 4.615 mm/h to 1.048 mm/h in the warm season. This is the first study as a proof of concept in quantifying relative humidity impacts on radar‐gauge rainfall discrepancies in three‐dimensional fields, which is worthwhile considered as an essential component in radar data correction for hydrometeorological applications.
Intensive consolidation with G‐CSF support: Tolerability, safety, reduced hospitalization, and efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia patients ≥60 years
Authors: Sperr Wolfgang R. , Herndlhofer Susanne , Gleixner Karoline , Girschikofsky Michael , Weltermann Ansgar , Machherndl‐Spandl Sigrid , Sliwa Thamer , Poehnl Rainer , Buxhofer‐Ausch Veronika , Strecker Karin , Hoermann Gregor , Knoebl Paul , Jaeger Ulrich , Geissler Klaus , Kundi Michael , Valent Peter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of intensified consolidation therapy employing fludarabine and ARA‐C in cycle 1 and intermediate‐dose ARA‐C (IDAC) in cycles 2 through 4, in elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and to analyze the effects of pegfilgrastim on the duration of neutropenia, overall toxicity, and hospitalization‐time during consolidation in these patients. Thirty nine elderly patients with de novo AML (median age 69.9 years) who achieved complete remission (CR) after induction‐chemotherapy were analyzed. To examine the effect of pegfilgrastim on neutropenia and hospitalization, we compared cycles 2 and 4 where pegfilgrastim was given routinely from day 6 (IDAC‐P) with cycle 3 where pegfilgrastim was only administered in case of severe infections and/or prolonged neutropenia. All four planned cycles were administered in 23/39 patients (59.0%); 5/39 patients (12.8%) received 3 cycles, 3/39 (7.7%) 2 cycles, and 8/39 (20.5%) one consolidation‐cycle. The median duration of severe neutropenia was 7 days in cycle 2 (IDAC‐P), 11.5 days in cycle 3 (IDAC), and 7.5 days in cycle 4 (IDAC‐P) (P < .05). Median overall survival was 1.1 years and differed significantly between patients aged <75 and ≥75 years (P < .05). The probability to be alive after 5 years was 32%. Together, intensified consolidation can be administered in AML patients ≥60, and those who are <75 may benefit from this therapy. Routine administration of pegfilgrastim during consolidation shortens the time of neutropenia and hospitalization in these patients.
Long‐term analysis of phase II studies of single‐agent lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Witzig Thomas E. , Luigi Zinzani Pier , Habermann Thomas M. , Tuscano Joseph M. , Drach Johannes , Ramchandren Radhakrishnan , Kalayoglu Besisik Sevgi , Takeshita Kenichi , Casadebaig Bravo Marie‐Laure , Zhang Lei , Fu Tommy , Goy Andre 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with aggressive disease characteristics resulting in multiple relapses after initial treatment. Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent approved in the US for patients with relapsed/refractory MCL following bortezomib based on results from 3 multicenter phase II studies (2 including relapsed/refractory aggressive NHL and 1 focusing on MCL post‐bortezomib). The purpose of this report is to provide longer follow‐up on the MCL‐001 study (follow‐ups were 6.8 [NHL‐002], 7.6 [NHL‐003], and 52.2 [MCL‐001] months). The 206 relapsed MCL patients treated with single‐agent lenalidomide (25 mg/day PO, days 1 to 21 every 28‐days) had a median age of 67 years (63% ≥65 years), 91% with stage III/IV disease, and 50% with ≥4 previous treatment regimens. With a median follow‐up of X, the combined best overall response rate (ORR) was 33% (including 11% with complete remission [CR]/CR unconfirmed CRu). Lenalidomide produced rapid and durable responses with a median time to response of 2.2 months and median duration of response (DOR) of 16.6 months (95% CI: 11.1%‐29.8%). The safety profile was consistent and manageable; myelosuppression was the most common adverse event (AE). Overall, single‐agent lenalidomide showed consistent efficacy and safety in multiple phase II studies of heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory MCL, including those previously treated with bortezomib.
An Esterase‐Sensitive Prodrug Approach for Controllable Delivery of Persulfide Species
Authors: Zheng Yueqin , Yu Bingchen , Li Zhen , Yuan Zhengnan , Organ Chelsea L. , Trivedi Rishi K. , Wang Siming , Lefer David J. , Wang Binghe 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA strategy to deliver a well‐defined persulfide species in a biological medium is described. Under near physiological conditions, the persulfide prodrug can be activated by an esterase to generate a “hydroxymethyl persulfide” intermediate, which rapidly collapses to form a defined persulfide. Such persulfide prodrugs can be used either as chemical tools to study persulfide chemistry and biology or for future development as H2S‐based therapeutic reagents. Using the persulfide prodrugs developed in this study, the reactivity between S‐methyl methanethiosulfonate (MMTS) with persulfide was unambiguously demonstrated. Furthermore, a representative prodrug exhibited potent cardioprotective effects in a murine model of myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (MI/R) injury with a bell shape therapeutic profile.
Activation of Remote meta‐C−H Bonds in Arenes with Tethered Alcohols: A Salicylonitrile Template
Authors: Zhang Lanlan , Zhao Chaoyue , Liu Yang , Xu Jiancong , Xu Xiufang , Jin Zhong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed activation of remote meta‐C−H bonds in arenes containing tethered alcohols was achieved with high regioselectivity by using a nitrile template. Computational studies on the macrocyclic transition state of the regioselectivity‐determining C−H activation steps revealed that both the C‐N‐Ag angles and gauche comformations of phenyl ether play an extremely important role in the meta selectivity.
Biodegradable biocomposites from poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) and miscanthus: Preparation, compatibilization, and performance evaluation
Authors: Muthuraj Rajendran , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar Kumar 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTMiscanthus fibers reinforced biodegradable poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) matrix‐based biocomposites were produced by melt processing. The performances of the produced PBAT/miscanthus composites were evaluated by means of mechanical, thermal, and morphological analysis. Compared to neat PBAT, the flexural strength, flexural modulus, storage modulus, and tensile modulus were increased after the addition of miscanthus fibers into the PBAT matrix. These improvements were attributed to the strong reinforcing effect of miscanthus fibers. The polarity difference between the PBAT matrix and the miscanthus fibers leads to weak interaction between the phases in the resulting composites. This weak interaction was evidenced in the impact strength and tensile strength of the uncompatibilized PBAT composites. Therefore, maleic anhydride (MAH)‐grafted PBAT was prepared as compatibilizer by melt free radical grafting reaction. The MAH grafting on the PBAT was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The interfacial bonding between the miscanthus fibers and PBAT was improved with the addition of 5 wt % of MAH‐grafted PBAT (MAH‐g‐PBAT) compatibilizer. The improved interaction between the PBAT and the miscanthus fiber was corroborated with mechanical and morphological properties. The compatibilized PBAT composite with 40 wt % miscanthus fibers exhibited an average heat deflection temperature of 81 °C, notched Izod impact strength of 184 J/m, tensile strength of 19.4 MPa, and flexural strength of 22 MPa. From the scanning electron microscopy analysis, better interaction between the components can be observed in the compatibilized composites, which contribute to enhanced mechanical properties. Overall, the addition of miscanthus fibers into a PBAT matrix showed a significant benefit in terms of economic competitiveness and functional performances. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45448.
A qPCR MGB probe based eDNA assay for European freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera L.)
Authors: Carlsson Jeanette E.L. , Egan Damian , Collins Patrick C. , Farrell Edward D. , Igoe Fran , Carlsson Jens 
Published: July 2017

Abstract1. Environmental (e)DNA assays are becoming increasingly used to detect rare or invasive aquatic species.2. The Critically Endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera is undergoing range‐wide reduction in population numbers and distribution.3. An eDNA assay to detect the presence of M. margaritifera was developed, based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene, utilizing species‐specific primers, a minor groove binding (MGB) probe and quantitative (q)PCR approaches.4. The results from this pilot study demonstrated high sensitivity both in laboratory and field trials, and provide a valuable non‐invasive tool for detecting M. margaritifera.
Controllable Synthesis of Ultrathin NiCo2O4 Nanosheets Incorporated onto Composite Nanotubes for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Huang Yunpeng , Cui Fen , Zhao Yan , Bao Jian , Lian Jiabiao , Xu Yuanguo , Liu Tianxi , Li Huaming 
Published: July 2017

AbstractExploring non‐precious‐metal‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts featuring high efficiency, low cost, and environmental friendliness is of great importance for the broad applications of fuel cells and metal–air batteries. In this work, ultrathin NiCo2O4 nanosheets deposited on 1D SnO2 nanotubes (SNT) were successfully fabricated through a productive electrospinning technique followed by a sintering and low‐temperature coprecipitation strategy. This hierarchically engineered architecture has ultrathin NiCo2O4 nanosheets uniformly and fully erected on both walls of tubular SNTs, which results in improved electrochemical activity as an ORR catalyst, in terms of positive onset potential and high current density, as well as superior tolerance to crossover effects and long‐term durability with respect to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The excellent performance of SNT@NiCo2O4 composites may originate from their rationally designed hierarchical tubular nanostructure with completely exposed active sites and interconnected 1D networks for efficient electron and electrolyte transfer; this makes these composite nanotubes promising candidates to replace platinum‐based catalysts for practical fuel cell and metal–air battery applications.
Backstepping Control for Flexible Joint with Friction Using Wavelet Neural Networks and L2‐Gain Approach
Authors: Chu Ming , Jia Qingxuan , Sun Hanxu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, a new backstepping control scheme is proposed to deal with the high accuracy flexible joint servo system's position control. Based on the introduction of non‐consecutive friction, the cascade dynamics equations of flexible joint are established. The macroscopic controller is designed using a backstepping design technique to suppress the flexibility and external disturbance based on the L2 property. To identify the non‐consecutive function, the wavelet neural networks (WNN) are utilized in the microscopic controller to compensate for nonlinear friction and uncertainties. The combined strategy of macro and micro controller can overcome the derivation explosion problem and avoid the joint acceleration measurement and upper bound forecast. Finally, stability analysis and mathematical simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness of this new controller.
Toward a sustainable bioeconomy in West Africa: A focus on biorefining
Authors: Fletcher Eugene , Adeboye Peter Temitope , Duedu Kwabena O. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractConsidering its size and expanding population, Africa needs to play a more active role in preventing global warming. The economy of most West African countries is driven by agriculture and the export of processed wood resulting in the generation of tons of wood and agricultural waste. The waste is usually disposed of by burning, which releases harmful greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the environment. Wood and agricultural wastes are valuable biomass feedstocks for second‐generation biofuels and chemicals. The availability of diverse feedstocks makes the West African sub‐region suitable for setting up biorefineries. However, the limiting factors for establishing biorefineries such as appropriate technology, infrastructure and forward‐looking policies have to be addressed. The currently high cost of biofuel production and competitive crude oil prices also make it seem unfeasible for West African countries and other developing economies to invest in this industry. Therefore, we present an idea for developing a multipurpose modular biorefinery model to meet the energy needs of the region with an added advantage of creating new markets and jobs. We also discuss what new energy policies should be focused on in order to fast‐track the development of the bioenergy sector. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.