bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exo-Milankovitch Cycles. I. Orbits and Rotation States
Authors: Deitrick Russell , Barnes Rory , Quinn Thomas R. , Armstrong John , Charnay Benjamin , Wilhelm Caitlyn 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The obliquity of the Earth, which controls our seasons, varies by only ∼2.°5 over ∼40,000 years, and its eccentricity varies by only ∼0.05 over 100,000 years. Nonetheless, these small variations influence Earth’s ice ages. For exoplanets, however, variations can be significantly larger. Previous studies of the habitability of moonless Earth-like exoplanets have found that high obliquities, high eccentricities, and dynamical variations can extend the outer edge of the habitable zone by preventing runaway glaciation (snowball states). We expand upon these studies by exploring the orbital dynamics with a semianalytic model that allows us to map broad regions of parameter space. We find that, in general, the largest drivers of obliquity variations are secular spin–orbit resonances. We show how the obliquity varies in several test cases, including Kepler-62 f, across a wide range of orbital and spin parameters. These obliquity variations, alongside orbital variations, will have a dramatic impact on the climates of such planets.
Heating and Cooling of Coronal Loops with Turbulent Suppression of Parallel Heat Conduction
Authors: Bian Nicolas , Emslie A. Gordon , Horne Duncan , Kontar Eduard P. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Using the “enthalpy-based thermal evolution of loops” (EBTEL) model, we investigate the hydrodynamics of the plasma in a flaring coronal loop in which heat conduction is limited by turbulent scattering of the electrons that transport the thermal heat flux. The EBTEL equations are solved analytically in each of the two (conduction-dominated and radiation-dominated) cooling phases. Comparison of the results with typical observed cooling times in solar flares shows that the turbulent mean free path

lies in a range corresponding to a regime in which classical (collision-dominated) conduction plays at most a limited role. We also consider the magnitude and duration of the heat input that is necessary to account for the enhanced values of temperature and density at the beginning of the cooling phase and for the observed cooling times. We find through numerical modeling that in order to produce a peak temperature

K and a 200 s cooling time consistent with observations, the flare-heating profile must extend over a significant period of time; in particular, its lingering role must be taken into consideration in any description of the cooling phase. Comparison with observationally inferred values of post-flare loop temperatures, densities, and cooling times thus leads to useful constraints on both the magnitude and duration of the magnetic energy release in the loop, as well as on the value of the turbulent mean free path

.
Helium Star Models with Optically Thick Winds: Implications for the Internal Structures and Mass-loss Rates of Wolf–Rayet Stars
Authors: Nakauchi Daisuke , Saio Hideyuki 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We construct helium (He) star models with optically thick winds and compare them with the properties of Galactic Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars. Hydrostatic He-core solutions are connected smoothly to trans-sonic wind solutions that satisfy the regularity conditions at the sonic point. Velocity structures in the supersonic parts are assumed by a simple β-type law. By constructing a center-to-surface structure, a mass-loss rate

can be obtained as an eigenvalue of the equations. Sonic points appear at temperatures

below the Fe-group opacity peak, where the radiation force becomes comparable to the local gravity. Photospheres are located at radii 3–10 times larger than sonic points. The obtained mass-loss rates are comparable to those of WR stars. Our

–luminosity relation agrees well with the relation recently obtained by Gräfener et al. Photospheric temperatures of WR stars tend to be cooler than our predictions. We discuss the effects of stellar evolution, detailed radiation transfer, and wind clumping, which are ignored in this paper.
Resolved H i Observations of Local Analogs to z ∼ 1 Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies: Evidence for Rotation-supported Disks
Authors: Rabidoux Katie , Pisano D. J. , Garland C. A. , Guzmán Rafael , Castander Francisco J. , Wolfe Spencer A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
While bright, blue, compact galaxies are common at

, they are relatively rare in the local universe, and their evolutionary paths are uncertain. We have obtained resolved H i observations of nine

luminous compact blue galaxies (LCBGs) using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope and Very Large Array in order to measure their kinematic and dynamical properties and better constrain their evolutionary possibilities. We find that the LCBGs in our sample are rotating galaxies that tend to have nearby companions, relatively high central velocity dispersions, and can have disturbed velocity fields. We calculate rotation velocities for each galaxy by measuring half of the velocity gradient along their major axes and correcting for inclination using axis ratios derived from SDSS images of each galaxy. We compare our measurements to those previously made with single dishes and find that single-dish measurements tend to overestimate LCBGs’ rotation velocities and H i masses. We also compare the ratio of LCBGs’ rotation velocities and velocity dispersions to those of other types of galaxies and find that LCBGs are strongly rotationally supported at large radii, similar to other disk galaxies, though within their half-light radii the

values of their H i are comparable to stellar

values of dwarf elliptical galaxies. We find that LCBGs’ disks on average are gravitationally stable, though conditions may be conducive to local gravitational instabilities at the largest radii. Such instabilities could lead to the formation of star-forming gas clumps in the disk, resulting eventually in a small central bulge or bar.
Neutrino Oscillations within the Induced Gravitational Collapse Paradigm of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Becerra L. , Guzzo M. M. , Rossi-Torres F. , Rueda J. A. , Ruffini R. , Uribe J. D. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The induced gravitational collapse paradigm of long gamma-ray bursts associated with supernovae (SNe) predicts a copious neutrino–antineutrino (

) emission owing to the hypercritical accretion process of SN ejecta onto a neutron star (NS) binary companion. The neutrino emission can reach luminosities of up to 1057 MeV s−1, mean neutrino energies of 20 MeV, and neutrino densities of 1031 cm−3. Along their path from the vicinity of the NS surface outward, such neutrinos experience flavor transformations dictated by the neutrino-to-electron-density ratio. We determine the neutrino and electron on the accretion zone and use them to compute the neutrino flavor evolution. For normal and inverted neutrino mass hierarchies and within the two-flavor formalism (

), we estimate the final electronic and nonelectronic neutrino content after two oscillation processes: (1) neutrino collective effects due to neutrino self-interactions where the neutrino density dominates, and (2) the Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect, where the electron density dominates. We find that the final neutrino content is composed by ∼55% (∼62%) of electronic neutrinos, i.e.,

, for the normal (inverted) neutrino mass hierarchy. The results of this work are the first step toward the characterization of a novel source of astrophysical MeV neutrinos in addition to core-collapse SNe and, as such, deserve further attention.
The Dorsal 4-finger Technique: A Novel Method to Examine Metacarpophalangeal Joints in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Omair Mohammed A. , Akhavan Pooneh , Naraghi Ali , Mittoo Shikha , Xiong Juan , Weber Deborah , Lin Daming , Weber Melissa , Keystone Edward C. 
Published: January 2018

Objective.To describe the dorsal 4-finger technique (DFFT) in examining metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compare it to the traditional 2-finger technique (TFT) using ultrasound (US) as a gold standard.Methods.Four rheumatologists evaluated 180 MCP joints of 18 patients with RA. All patients underwent US for greyscale (GSUS) and power Doppler US (PDUS). Agreements between rheumatologists, the 2 techniques, and US were evaluated using Cohen κ and the first-order agreement coefficient (AC1) κ methods.Results.The population comprised 17 females (94.4%) with a mean (SD) age and disease duration of 56.8 (14.4) and 21.8 (12.9) years, respectively. Eight patients (44.4%) were taking methotrexate monotherapy, while 10 patients (55.6%) were receiving biologics. US evaluation revealed 69 (38.3%) and 30 (16.7%) joints exhibited synovitis grade 2–3 by GSUS and PDUS, respectively. Effusion was documented in 30 joints (16.7%). The mean intraobserver agreement using the DFFT and TFT were 80.5% and 86%, respectively. The mean interobserver agreements using the DFFT and TFT were 84% and 74%, respectively. κ agreement with US findings was similar for both techniques in tender joints but was higher for the DFFT in nontender joints (0.33 vs 0.07, p = 0.015 for GSUS) and (0.48 vs 0.11, p = 0.002 for PDUS). The DFFT had a higher sensitivity in detecting ballottement by GSUS (0.47 vs 0.2, p < 0.001) and PDUS (0.60 vs 0.27, p < 0.001).Conclusion.The DFFT is a novel, reproducible, and reliable method to examine MCP joints, and it has a better correlation with US than the traditional TFT.
Association Between Glucocorticoid Exposure and Healthcare Expenditures for Potential Glucocorticoid-related Adverse Events in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Best Jennie H. , Kong Amanda M. , Lenhart Gregory M. , Sarsour Khaled , Stott-Miller Marni , Hwang Yong 
Published: January 2018

Objective.Oral glucocorticoid (OGC) use for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is debated because of the adverse event (AE) profile of OGC. We evaluated the associations between cumulative doses of OGC and potential OGC-related AE, and quantified the associated healthcare expenditures.Methods.Using the MarketScan databases, patients ≥ 18 years old who have RA with continuous enrollment from January 1 to December 31, 2012 (baseline), and from January 1 to December 31, 2013 (evaluation period), were identified. Cumulative OGC dose was measured using prescription claims during the baseline period. Potential OGC-related AE (osteoporosis, fracture, aseptic necrosis of the bone, type 2 diabetes, ulcer/gastrointestinal bleeding, cataract, hospitalization for opportunistic infection, myocardial infarction, or stroke) and AE-related expenditures (2013 US$) were gathered during the evaluation period. Multivariable regression models were fitted to estimate OR of AE and incremental costs for patients with AE.Results.There were 84,357 patients analyzed, of whom 48% used OGC during the baseline period and 26% had an AE during the evaluation period. A cumulative OGC dose > 1800 mg was associated with an increased risk of any AE compared with no OGC exposure (OR 1.19, 99.65% CI 1.09–1.30). Incremental costs per patient with any AE were significantly greater for cumulative OGC dose > 1800 mg compared with no OGC exposure (incremental cost = $3528, 99.65% CI $2402–$4793).Conclusion.Chronic exposure to low to medium doses of OGC was associated with significantly increased risk of potential OGC-related AE in patients with RA, and greater cumulative OGC dose was associated with substantially higher AE-related healthcare expenditures among patients with AE.
S100A12 Is Associated with Response to Therapy in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Gohar Faekah , Anink Janneke , Moncrieffe Halima , Van Suijlekom-Smit Lisette W.A. , Prince Femke H.M. , van Rossum Marion A.J. , Dolman Koert M. , Hoppenreijs Esther P.A.H. , ten Cate Rebecca , Ursu Simona , Wedderburn Lucy R. , Horneff Gerd , Frosch Michael , Foell Dirk , Holzinger Dirk 
Published: January 2018

Objective.Around one-third of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) fail to respond to first-line methotrexate (MTX) or anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy, with even fewer achieving ≥ American College of Rheumatology Pediatric 70% criteria for response (ACRpedi70), though individual responses cannot yet be accurately predicted. Because change in serum S100-protein myeloid-related protein complex 8/14 (MRP8/14) is associated with therapeutic response, we tested granulocyte-specific S100-protein S100A12 as a potential biomarker for treatment response.Methods.S100A12 serum concentration was determined by ELISA in patients treated with MTX (n = 75) and anti-TNF (n = 88) at baseline and followup. Treatment response (≥ ACRpedi50 score), achievement of inactive disease, and improvement in Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS)-10 score were recorded.Results.Baseline S100A12 concentration was measured in patients treated with anti-TNF [etanercept n = 81, adalimumab n = 7; median 200, interquartile range (IQR) 133–440 ng/ml] and MTX (median 220, IQR 100–440 ng/ml). Of the patients in the anti-TNF therapy group, 74 (84%) were also receiving MTX. Responders to MTX (n = 57/75) and anti-TNF (n = 66/88) therapy had higher baseline S100A12 concentration compared to nonresponders: median 240 (IQR 125–615) ng/ml versus 150 (IQR 87–233) ng/ml, p = 0.021 for MTX, and median 308 (IQR 150–624) ng/ml versus 151 (IQR 83–201) ng/ml, p = 0.002, for anti-TNF therapy. Followup S100A12 could be measured in 44/75 MTX-treated patients (34/44 responders) and 39/88 anti-TNF-treated patients (26/39 responders). Responders had significantly reduced S100A12 concentration (MTX: p = 0.031, anti-TNF: p < 0.001) at followup versus baseline. Baseline serum S100A12 in both univariate and multivariate regression models for anti-TNF therapy and univariate analysis alone for MTX therapy was significantly associated with change in JADAS-10.Conclusion.Responders to MTX or anti-TNF treatment can be identified by higher pretreatment S100A12 serum concentration levels.
Smoking Is the Most Significant Modifiable Lung Cancer Risk Factor in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Bernatsky Sasha , Ramsey-Goldman Rosalind , Petri Michelle , Urowitz Murray B. , Gladman Dafna D. , Fortin Paul R. , Yelin Edward H. , Ginzler Ellen , Hanly John G. , Peschken Christine , Gordon Caroline , Nived Ola , Aranow Cynthia , Bae Sang-Cheol , Isenberg David , Rahman Anisur , Hansen James E. , Pierre Yvan St. , Clarke Ann E. 
Published: January 2018

Objective.To assess lung cancer risk in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), relative to demographics, drug exposures, smoking, and disease activity.Methods.We analyzed data from 14 SLE cohorts. We calculated adjusted HR estimates for lung cancer in SLE, relative to demographics, smoking, time-dependent medication exposures, and cumulative disease activity [mean adjusted SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores]. This project was approved by the ethics boards of all participating institutions, including the Institutional Review Board of the McGill University Health Centre. The ethics approval number for the Cancer Risk study is GEN-06-031.Results.Within these 14 SLE cohorts, 49 incident lung cancers occurred. Among lung cancer cases, 59.0% were in the highest SLEDAI quartile at baseline versus 40.8% of lung cancer–free SLE controls. The vast majority (84.2%) of SLE lung cancer cases were ever-smokers at baseline, versus 40.1% of those without lung cancer. In adjusted models, the principal factors associated with lung cancer were ever smoking (at cohort entry) and current age. Estimated adjusted effects of all drugs were relatively imprecise, but did not point toward any drug exposures as strong lung cancer risk factors.Conclusion.We saw no clear evidence for drugs as a trigger for lung cancer risk in SLE, although drug risk estimates were relatively imprecise. Smoking may be the most significant modifiable lung cancer risk factor in SLE.
Staphylococcal Superantigens Use LAMA2 as a Coreceptor To Activate T Cells
Authors: Li Zhigang , Zeppa Joseph J. , Hancock Mark A. , McCormick John K. , Doherty Terence M. , Hendy Geoffrey N. , Madrenas Joaquín 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Canonical Ag-dependent TCR signaling relies on activation of the src-family tyrosine kinase LCK. However, staphylococcal superantigens can trigger TCR signaling by activating an alternative pathway that is independent of LCK and utilizes a Gα11-containing G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) leading to PLCβ activation. The molecules linking the superantigen to GPCR signaling are unknown. Using the ligand-receptor capture technology LRC-TriCEPS, we identified LAMA2, the α2 subunit of the extracellular matrix protein laminin, as the coreceptor for staphylococcal superantigens. Complementary binding assays (ELISA, pull-downs, and surface plasmon resonance) provided direct evidence of the interaction between staphylococcal enterotoxin E and LAMA2. Through its G4 domain, LAMA2 mediated the LCK-independent T cell activation by these toxins. Such a coreceptor role of LAMA2 involved a GPCR of the calcium-sensing receptor type because the selective antagonist NPS 2143 inhibited superantigen-induced T cell activation in vitro and delayed the effects of toxic shock syndrome in vivo. Collectively, our data identify LAMA2 as a target of antagonists of staphylococcal superantigens to treat toxic shock syndrome.
Leaf litter is essential for seed survival of the endemic endangered tree &lt;i&gt;Pouteria splendens&lt;/i&gt; (Sapotaceae) from central Chile
Authors: Sotes Gastón Javier , Bustamante Ramiro Osciel , Henríquez Carolina Andrea 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Pouteria splendens (A.DC.) Kuntze, the Chilean lúcumo, is an endemic tree and the only member of the Sapotaceae family in Chile. It is considered an endangered species as a consequence of its restricted distribution and small population size. Currently, individuals of P. splendens are immersed in a heterogeneous landscape with rocky mounds and plains located in areas densely populated by humans. Natural regeneration in the species seems to be low, despite the fact that plants are able to produce fruits. The species produces brightly colored fleshy drupes. There is no information about the dispersal pattern and the fate of the seeds. In this work we investigate (i) the seed dispersal pattern and (ii) the effect of tree canopy and the presence of leaf litter on seed survival, both in rocky mounds and plains. Results indicated an extremely low distance of seed dispersal, with most of the seeds falling down under the canopy. Seed survival under the canopy without leaf litter was very low and even zero in rocky mounds. Nevertheless, the presence of leaf litter covering the seeds increased survival in both habitats. Outside the canopy, seed survival only increased in plains. We suggest that future conservation programs should focus on protecting both adult plants and leaf litter under trees.
An Energy Transition before the Age of Oil: The Decline of Anthracite, 1900–1930
Authors: Aldrich Mark 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Anthracite was the first casualty of the great twentieth-century energy transitions from coal to liquid fuels. However, its demise occurred in two stages, for oil and natural gas did not begin to undermine the market for hard coal until the 1920s. By 1900 anthracite had lost its industrial markets and even as a domestic fuel it was besieged. Strikes that led to uncertain supplies and rising prices encouraged consumers to search for substitutes while innovations in production and marketing made coke, manufactured gas, and coal briquettes increasingly attractive alternatives. Anthracite sales peaked in 1917 and declined sharply well before the onset of oil and natural gas. Although its demise might have taken longer, anthracite would have expired even if there had been no age of oil.
MIEUX CONNAÎTRE LE NDAKINNA : LA CONTRIBUTION DE L’ARCHÉOLOGIE COLLABORATIVE AU PROCESSUS D’AFFIRMATION TERRITORIALE DE LA NATION ABÉNAKISE
Authors: Treyvaud Geneviève , O’Bomsawin Suzie , Samson Marie-Ève 
Published: January 2018

O povo Abénaki, “aqueles do pais do sol nascente”, constitui a Primeira Nação algonquina localizada no Sul da província canadense do Quebec. Ndakinna é o território ancestral dos Abenakis. Eles consideram o território como um espaço incluindo a ocupação física, o uso dos recursos e a cultura. Os dados sobre a ocupação humana do Ndakinna permanecem, porém, pouco conhecidos. Desde 1979, o Grande Conselho da Naçao Waban-Aki, habilitado pelo Conselho dos Abénakis de Odanak e o Conselho dos Abénakis de Wôlinak, tem como missão garantir o futuro da Nação Abénaki. Para este fim, o Grande Conselho usa estudos especializados para garantir a defesa dos direitos, dos interesses e a preservação da cultura da Nação.
A linguagem infantil como processo de interação e interlocução verbal
Authors: Goulart Ilsa Do Carmo Vieira , Oliveira Leryanne Cristtiny Monteiro de 
Published: January 2018

Partindo da premissa de que todos os campos da atividade humana se conectam pela linguagem, de que o emprego da língua se realiza sob a forma de enunciados num processo de interlocução discursiva, este trabalho analisou a linguagem e seu processo de constituição, não apenas como ato de comunicação entre um emissor e um receptor, mas como uma ação marcada por uma estrutura dialógica. Desse modo, o trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a constituição da linguagem da criança como um processo de interação verbal e intrapsíquico, por meio de observações de situações de diálogos entre adultos e crianças sob a perspectiva sócio-histórica. Para isso, realiza-se uma pesquisa de campo, com doze crianças entre 3 e 4 anos e duas professoras da turma do Maternal III, da Educação Infantil, de uma escola da rede privada de ensino, da cidade de Lavras, MG. A pesquisa embasou-se na Teoria da Enunciação de Bakhtin e na abordagem Histórico-cultural de Vygotsky, para compreender o processo de desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil. O estudo aponta a criança como sujeito consciente e atuante de sua cultura a partir das relações sociais concretamente estabelecidas, sobretudo com o outro mais experiente.
Referenciação e polidez na (re)construção do self e do outro: resgatando a história de amor de Jayme e Maria
Authors: Queiroz Andrezza Alves , Costa Maria Helenice Araújo 
Published: January 2018

Este artigo tem o propósito de reconstituir a história de Jayme e Maria, casal de namorados dos anos trinta, a partir da (re)construção do self e do outro, na correspondência amorosa desse casal, a qual constitui o corpus “Acervo Jaime-Maria”, disponibilizado na página virtual Laboratório de História do Português Brasileiro (Labor-histórico PB). Para atingir esse objetivo, apoiamo-nos em textos dos campos teóricos da referenciação e da polidez, além de textos teóricos acerca do contexto. Em nossa análise, discutimos o levantamento quantitativo de todas as formas de tratamento usadas na correspondência (92 cartas no total) trocada entre Jayme e Maria e analisamos alguns trechos das cartas que nos permitem reunir elementos suficientes para reconstituir a história desse casal. Alguns dos resultados a que chegamos demonstraram que as inferências ampliaram a superfície textual do discurso, o que contribuiu para a reconstituição da história dos protagonistas e que a polidez linguística enriqueceu a interpretação dos dados, uma vez que deixou os discursos dos interlocutores mais acessíveis. Palavras-Chave: Referenciação; Polidez; Cartas pessoais.