bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐Directed Dynamic Chirality Inversion in Functional Self‐Organized Helical Superstructures
Authors: Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Li Quan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHelical superstructures are widely observed in nature, in synthetic polymers, and in supramolecular assemblies. Controlling the chirality (the handedness) of dynamic helical superstructures of molecular and macromolecular systems by external stimuli is a challenging task, but is of great fundamental significance with appealing morphology‐dependent applications. Light‐driven chirality inversion in self‐organized helical superstructures (i.e. cholesteric, chiral nematic liquid crystals) is currently in the limelight because inversion of the handedness alters the chirality of the circularly polarized light that they selectively reflect, which has wide potential for application. Here we discuss the recent developments toward inversion of the handedness of cholesteric liquid crystals enabled by photoisomerizable chiral molecular switches or motors. Different classes of chiral photoresponsive dopants (guests) capable of conferring light‐driven reversible chirality inversion of helical superstructures fabricated from different nematic hosts are discussed. Rational molecular designs of chiral molecular switches toward endowing handedness inversion to the induced helical superstructures of cholesteric liquid crystals are highlighted. This Review is concluded by throwing light on the challenges and opportunities in this emerging frontier, and it is expected to provide useful guidelines toward the development of self‐organized soft materials with stimuli‐directed chirality inversion capability and multifunctional host–guest systems.
Mild and Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Trifluoroethylation of Aromatic Systems by C−H Activation
Authors: Tóth Balázs L. , Kovács Szabolcs , Sályi Gergő , Novák Zoltán 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe introduction of trifluoroalkyl groups into aromatic molecules is an important transformation in the field of organic and medicinal chemistry. However, the direct installation of fluoroalkyl groups onto aromatic molecules still represents a challenging and highly demanding synthetic task. Herein, a simple trifluoroethylation process that relies on the palladium‐catalyzed C−H activation of aromatic compounds is described. With the utilization of a highly active trifluoroethyl(mesityl)iodonium salt, the developed catalytic method enables the first highly efficient and selective trifluoroethylation of aromatic compounds. The robust catalytic procedure provides the desired products in up to 95 % yield at 25 °C in 1.5 to 3 hours and tolerates a broad range of functional groups. The utilization of hypervalent reagents opens new synthetic possibilities for direct alkylations and fluoroalkylations in the field of transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H activation.
Selective preparation of oligomeric naphthylene ether and its applications to epoxy resin for silicon carbide power semiconductor device materials
Authors: Arita Kazuo , Oyama Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, a novel method for selective synthesis of naphthylene ether trimers by self‐condensation of 2,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene in the presence of catalytic amount of potassium hydroxide was reported. An epoxy resin from the trimers was prepared and properties of the cured epoxy resin were examined. The cured resin showed not only good physical thermal stability, such as high glass transition temperature and low thermal expansion coefficient, but also good chemical thermal stability like high thermal decomposition temperature. Additionally, low moisture absorption of the cured resin was confirmed. From these results, the newly prepared epoxy resin with naphthylene ether skeletons was considered to be suitable for advanced applications such as silicon carbide power semiconductor device. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43339.
Optimal contracting structure between cellulosic biorefineries and farmers to reduce the impact of biomass supply variation: game theoretic analysis
Authors: Golecha Rajdeep , Gan Jianbang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThere is considerable year‐to‐year variability in the supply of cellulosic biomass used in the production of cellulosic biofuels, yet strategies to mitigate these variations in biofuel development are not well understood. Biorefineries and farmers venturing into the cellulosic biofuel industry will require biomass supply and contracting strategies that can minimize the impact of these large variations. Some studies have proposed biomass pre‐treatment and storage to address biomass supply variations. Other studies have used transportation modeling approaches to manage supply variations and select the optimal location of a cellulosic biorefinery. However, storage, pre‐treatment, and similar engineering approaches lead to higher costs and have other limitations such as additional infrastructural requirements. There is a gap in understanding how contracting strategies between biorefineries and the biomass suppliers (farmers) can reduce the risks with biomass supply variations. In this study, the contracting structure between biorefineries and biomass suppliers is studied under different market structures for the US Corn Belt. A theoretical framework is then developed to use contracting strategies for mitigating the impact of biomass supply variations. First, the trade‐offs between intricately linked components of biomass cost, such as biomass transport, biomass price (incentive) to suppliers, variation in biomass supply, biorefinery size, and alternative feedstock availability are examined. Next, an optimal contracting structure is developed between biorefineries and biomass suppliers using game theoretic analysis. Results show that both the impact of biomass supply variations and the overall biomass cost can be significantly reduced through the use of the optimal contracting strategy between biorefineries and suppliers. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Flotation: A promising microalgae harvesting and dewatering technology for biofuels production
Authors: Ndikubwimana Theoneste , Chang Jingyu , Xiao Zongyuan , Shao Wenyao , Zeng Xianhai , Ng I‐Son , Lu Yinghua 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMicroalgal biomass as renewable energy source is believed to be of great potential for reliable and sustainable biofuels production. However, microalgal biomass production is pinned by harvesting and dewatering stage thus hindering the developing and growing microalgae biotechnology industries. Flotation technology applied in mineral industry could be potentially applied in microalgae harvesting and dewatering, however substantial knowledge on different flotation units is essential. This paper presents an overview on different flotation units as promising cost‐effective technologies for microalgae harvesting thus bestowing for further research in development and commercialization of microalgae based biofuels. Dispersed air flotation was found to be less energy consuming. Moreover, Jameson cell flotation and dispersed ozone flotation are believed to be energy efficient microalgae flotation approaches. Microalgae harvesting and dewatering by flotation is still at embryonic stage, therefore extended studies with the focus on life cycle assessment, sustainability of the flotation unit, optimization of the operating parameters using different algal species is imperative. Though there are a number of challenges in microalgae harvesting and dewatering, with well designed and developed cultivation, harvesting/dewatering, extraction and conversion technologies, progressively, microalgae technology will be of great potential for biological carbon sequestration, biofuels and biochemicals production.
Human pluripotent stem cell culture density modulates YAP signaling
Authors: Hsiao Cheston , Lampe Michael , Nillasithanukroh Songkhun , Han Wenqing , Lian Xiaojun , Palecek Sean P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) density is an important factor in self‐renewal and differentiation fates; however, the mechanisms through which hPSCs sense cell density and process this information in making cell fate decisions remain to be fully understood. One particular pathway that may prove important in density‐dependent signaling in hPSCs is the Hippo pathway, which is regulated by cell‐cell contact and mechanosensing through the cytoskeleton and has been linked to the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency. To probe regulation of Hippo pathway activity in hPSCs, we assessed whether Hippo pathway transcriptional activator YAP was differentially modulated by cell density. At higher cell densities, YAP phosphorylation and localization to the cytoplasm increased, which led to decreased YAP‐mediated transcriptional activity. Furthermore, total YAP protein levels diminished at high cell density due to the phosphorylation‐targeted degradation of YAP. Inducible shRNA knockdown of YAP reduced expression of YAP target genes and pluripotency genes. Finally, the density‐dependent increase of neuroepithelial cell differentiation was mitigated by shRNA knockdown of YAP. Our results suggest a pivotal role of YAP in cell density‐mediated fate decisions in hPSCs.
A novel regulatory element (E77) isolated from CHO‐K1 genomic DNA enhances stable gene expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Kang Shin‐Young , Kim Yeon‐Gu , Kang Seunghee , Lee Hong Weon , Lee Eun Gyo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractVectors flanked by regulatory DNA elements have been used to generate stable cell lines with high productivity and transgene stability; however, regulatory elements in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which are the most widely used mammalian cells in biopharmaceutical production, are still poorly understood. We isolated a novel gene regulatory element from CHO‐K1 cells, designated E77, which was found to enhance the stable expression of a transgene. A genomic library was constructed by combining CHO‐K1 genomic DNA fragments with a CMV promoter‐driven GFP expression vector, and the E77 element was isolated by screening. The incorporation of the E77 regulatory element resulted in the generation of an increased number of clones with high expression, thereby enhancing the expression level of the transgene in the stable transfectant cell pool. Interestingly, the E77 element was found to consist of two distinct fragments derived from different locations in the CHO genome shotgun sequence. High and stable transgene expression was obtained in transfected CHO cells by combining these fragments. Additionally, the function of E77 was found to be dependent on its site of insertion and specific orientation in the vector construct. Our findings demonstrate that stable gene expression mediated by the CMV promoter in CHO cells may be improved by the isolated novel gene regulatory element E77 identified in the present study.
Testing of candidate single nucleotide variants associated with paclitaxel neuropathy in the trial NCCTG N08C1 (Alliance)
Authors: Boora Ganesh K. , Kanwar Rahul , Kulkarni Amit A. , Abyzov Alexej , Sloan Jeff , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Banck Michaela S. , Loprinzi Charles L. , Beutler Andreas S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPaclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) cannot be predicted from clinical parameters and might have a pharmacogenomic basis. Previous studies identified single nucleotide variants (SNV) associated with PIPN. However, only a subset of findings has been confirmed to date in more than one study, suggesting a need for further re‐testing and validation in additional clinical cohorts. Candidate PIPN‐associated SNVs were identified from the literature. SNVs were retested in 119 patients selected by extreme phenotyping from 269 in NCCTG N08C1 (Alliance) as previously reported. SNV genotyping was performed by a combination of short‐read sequencing analysis and Taqman PCR. These 22 candidate PIPN SNVs were genotyped. Two of these, rs7349683 in the EPHA5 and rs3213619 in ABCB1 were found to be significantly associated with PIPN with an Odds ratios OR = 2.07 (P = 0.02) and OR = 0.12 (P = 0.03), respectively. In addition, three SNVs showed a trend toward a risk‐ or protective effect that was consistent with previous reports. The rs10509681 and rs11572080 in the gene CYP2C8*3 showed risk effect with an OR = 1.49 and rs1056836 in CYP1B1 showed a protective effect with an OR = 0.66. None of the other results supported the previously reported associations, including some SNVs displaying an opposite direction of effect from previous reports, including rs1058930 in CYP2C8, rs17222723 and rs8187710 in ABCC2, rs10771973 in FGD4, rs16916932 in CACNB2 and rs16948748 in PITPNA. Alliance N08C1 validated or supported a minority of previously reported SNV‐PIPN associations. Associations previously reported by multiple studies appeared to have a higher likelihood to be validated by Alliance N08C1.
Three‐dimensional microtissues essentially contribute to preclinical validations of therapeutic targets in breast cancer
Authors: Falkenberg Natalie , Höfig Ines , Rosemann Michael , Szumielewski Justine , Richter Sabine , Schorpp Kenji , Hadian Kamyar , Aubele Michaela , Atkinson Michael J. , Anastasov Nataša 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA 3D microtissues using T47D and JIMT‐1 cells were generated to analyze tissue‐like response of breast cancer cells after combined human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐targeted treatment and radiation. Following lentiviral knockdown of HER2, we compared growth rate alterations using 2D monolayers, 3D microtissues, and mouse xenografts. Additionally, to model combined therapeutic strategies, we treated HER2‐depleted T47D cells and 3D microtissues using trastuzumab (anti‐HER2 antibody) in combination with irradiation. Comparison of HER2 knockdown with corresponding controls revealed growth impairment due to HER2 knockdown in T47D 2D monolayers, 3D microtissues, and xenografts (after 2, 12, and ≥40 days, respectively). In contrast, HER2 knockdown was less effective in inhibiting growth of trastuzumab‐resistant JIMT‐1 cells in vitro and in vivo. Combined administration of trastuzumab and radiation treatment was also analyzed using T47D 3D microtissues. Administration of both, radiation (5 Gy) and trastuzumab, significantly enhanced the growth inhibiting effect in 3D microtissues. To improve the predictive power of potential drugs—as single agents or in combination—here, we show that regarding tumor growth analyses, 3D microtissues are highly comparable to outcomes derived from xenografts. Considering increased limitations for animal experiments on the one hand and strong need of novel drugs on the other hand, it is indispensable to include highly reproducible 3D microtissue platform in preclinical analyses to validate more accurately the capacity of future drug‐combined radiotherapy.
Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Fumaria officinalis L. and Their Biological Activities Related to Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Chlebek Jakub , Novák Zdeněk , Kassemová Dominika , Šafratová Marcela , Kostelník Jan , Malý Lukáš , Ločárek Miroslav , Opletal Lubomír , Hošt'álková Anna , Hrabinová Martina , Kuneš Jiří , Novotná Pavlína , Urbanová Marie , Nováková Lucie , Macáková Kateřina , Hulcová Daniela , Solich Petr , Pérez Martín Concepción , Jun Daniel , Cahlíková Lucie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTwo new isoquinoline alkaloids, named fumaranine (2) and fumarostrejdine (10), along with 18 known alkaloids were isolated from aerial parts of Fumaria officinalis. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with literature data. The absolute configuration of the new compound 2 was determined by comparing its circular dichroism spectra with those of known analogs. Compounds isolated in sufficient amounts were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, prolyl oligopeptidase (POP), and glycogen synthase kinase‐3β inhibitory activities. Parfumidine (8) and sinactine (15) exhibited potent POP inhibition activities (IC50 99±5 and 53±2 μM, resp.).
Acridone Alkaloids from Swinglea glutinosa (Rutaceae) and Their Effects on Photosynthesis
Authors: Arato Ferreira Pedro H. , dos Santos Djalma A. P. , da Silva Maria Fátima das G. F. , Vieira Paulo C. , King‐Diaz Beatriz , Lotina‐Hennsen Blas , Veiga Thiago A. M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractContinuing our search for herbicide models based on natural products, we investigated the action mechanisms of five alkaloids isolated from Swinglea glutinosa (Rutaceae): Citrusinine‐I (1), glycocitrine‐IV (2), 1,3,5‐trihydroxy‐10‐methyl‐ 2,8‐bis(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)‐9(10H)‐acridinone (3), (2R)‐2‐tert‐butyl‐3,10‐dihydro‐4,9‐dihydroxy‐11‐methoxy‐10‐methylfuro[3,2‐b]acridin‐5(2H)‐one (4), and (3R)‐2,3,4,7‐tetrahydro‐3,5,8‐trihydroxy‐6‐methoxy‐2,2,7‐trimethyl‐12H‐pyrano[2,3‐a]acridin‐12‐one (5) on several photosynthetic activities in an attempt to find new compounds that affect photosynthesis. Through polarographic techniques, the compounds inhibited the non‐cyclic electron transport in the basal, phosphorylating, and uncoupled conditions from H2O to methylviologen (=MV). Therefore, they act as Hill reaction inhibitors. This approach still suggested that the compounds 4 and 5 had their interaction site located at photosystem I. Studies on fluorescence of chlorophyll a suggested that acridones (1–3) have different modes of interaction and inhibition sites on the photosystem II electron transport chain.
A glimpse into the future of TAVR
Authors: Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Marmagkiolis Konstantinos 
Published: January 2016

Key Points

Important differences still exist in the management of patients who receive TAVR in Europe and in the USA.
Provisional participation of cardiovascular surgeons and imaging cardiologists, use of TEE, general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, and length of stay are some of the major differences which may define the future of TAVR in the USA.
TAVR procedure will most likely be performed without CT surgery presence and with limited echocardiographic imaging guidance in USA in the near future as it is already being done in Europe.
Learning curves for TAVR: Not quite see one, do one teach one
Authors: Tommaso Carl L. 
Published: January 2016

Key Points

The learning curve for TAVR is determined based on technical (procedural) data from PARTNER‐1 Trial
The number of cases needed to reach a learning curve for TAVR in PARTNER‐1 was 50 for original sites and fell to 25 for late entering sites
Analyses such as this is important in developing guidelines for other emerging technologies
Inflation time in stent deployment: How long is enough?
Authors: Pinton Fábio Augusto , Lemos Pedro Alves 
Published: January 2016

Key Points

Coronary stents are commonly deployed using high pressure. However, the duration time of balloon inflation during deployment is still to be determined.
Vallurupalli and coworkers, in this issue of CCI, show that the stent system takes an average of 33 sec to “accommodate” its pressure during in vitro deployment. In patients, the mean stent inflation time to achieve pressure stability was 104 seconds, ranging from 30 to 380 sec.
These results challenge a rapid inflation/deflation approach for stent deployment. It is suggested that the duration of the inflation might be individualized, in a case‐by‐case approach.
However, the findings must be interpreted with caution, as they cannot be directly extrapolated to more diverse clinical, angiographic, and interventional scenarios.
Same or next day discharge: A new chapter in transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Chandrasekhar Jaya , Mehran Roxana 
Published: January 2016

Key Points

As more patients become eligible for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), resource allocation and early discharge planning require careful consideration.
TAVI centers must develop locally appropriate and systematic strategies to facilitate early discharge and seamless post‐discharge care.
While ongoing studies examine pacing requirements post‐TAVI, trials comparing general anesthesia and monitored analgesia care are desired. Future technologies for co‐registration of computed tomography with fluoroscopy may reduce the need for intra‐operative transesophageal echo and general anesthesia. A tailored patient-centered approach is essential to optimize in-hospital stay and overall patient experience.
Is mean arterial pressure the best parameter in ischemic stroke?
Authors: Fuhrer Hannah , Weiller Cornelius , Niesen Wolf‐Dirk 
Published: January 2016

Key Clinical MessageThis case series of 27 patients with large stroke challenges the current state of the art guiding hemodynamic management by blood pressure levels. The results show that assumed correlations of blood pressure, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance do not exist. Therefore, hemodynamic therapy may better be guided by cardiac output.
Statistical Interpretation of Semi‐Continuous Anaerobic Digestion Experiments on the Laboratory Scale
Authors: Hofmann Josephine , Peltri Gregor , Sträuber Heike , Müller Liane , Schumacher Britt , Müller Ulf , Liebetrau Jan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe importance of thorough experimental design, implementation, and interpretation of laboratory experiments is known but rarely considered in continuous anaerobic digestion experiments. Especially in the evaluation of small effects on gas yields, e.g., by substrate disintegration, the usual methods such as the use of single digesters or the mere comparison of mean values often reach their limits. A proper statistical interpretation will be demonstrated on four examples of semi‐continuous laboratory‐scale anaerobic digestion experiments that investigated the effects of substrate disintegration on biogas yields. Power analysis was performed for one exemplary experimental setup. In this particular case, the power analysis showed that, with digester duplicates per treatment, a minimum 6 % difference in biogas yield could be significantly detected.
Novel Base‐Free Catalytic Wittig Reaction for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Alkenes
Authors: Schirmer Marie‐Luis , Adomeit Sven , Spannenberg Anke , Werner Thomas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA highly efficient catalyst system for base‐free catalytic Wittig reactions has been developed and optimized. Initially, several potential (pre)catalysts as well as different silanes as reducing agents were screened. A system based on a readily available phosphine oxide as precatalyst and trimethoxy silane as reducing agent proved to be optimal. The effect of various Brønsted acidic additives was studied. Subsequently, the reaction conditions were optimized and standard reaction conditions were determined. Under these conditions the scope of this new protocol was evaluated. Nine activated olefins and 33 aldehydes were converted into 42 highly functionalized alkenes. Notably, aromatic, aliphatic as well as heteroaromatic aldehydes could be converted, giving the desired products in isolated yields up to 99 % and with good to excellent E/Z selectivities. These results underline the remarkable efficiency of this protocol considering the complexity of the reaction mixture and the four reaction steps that proceed in parallel in one pot.
ChemInform Abstract: The Discrete AIF52‐ Fluoroaluminate Anion in the Structure of [Tetraethylammonium]2 [AIF5](H2O)2.
Authors: Veryasov Gleb , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Rika 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntentional preparation of a compound containing the Al2F93‐ anion by reaction of a 2:1 molar mixture of (Et4N)[AlF4] (I) and (Me4N)F in MeCN (PFA reactor, ≈1 sec) results in the formation of (Et4N)[Me4N][AlF5] (II) and unreacted (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure Relation Between Tetragonal and Orthorhombic CsAlD4: DFT and Time‐of‐Flight Neutron Powder Diffraction Studies.
Authors: Bernert Thomas , Krech Daniel , Kockelmann Winfried , Felderhoff Michael , Frankcombe Terry J. , Weidenthaler Claudia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe deuterium positions of orthorhombic and tetragonal CsAlD4 are predicted by DFT calculations and refined from time‐of‐flight neutron powder diffraction data.