bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Norms, Corruption, and Voting for Berlusconi
Authors: McNally Darragh 
Published: October 2016

Why do people vote for corrupt politicians? Taking Silvio Berlusconi as an example of a politician who continually succeeded in attaining public office despite corruption accusations, corruption charges, and corruption convictions, I explore several hypotheses to understand voter support for Berlusconi. I show that social norms that justify corruption in one's peer group extend to voting and increase the likelihood of supporting Berlusconi at all points on the ideological spectrum. This work builds on previous work in psychology and sociology and brings into question assumptions that voters fail to sanction corrupt politicians because of a lack of information. By focusing on individual‐level political behavior, this article shows that increased information on corruption by the media and others may not have the intended effect: perceiving corruption as common may increase tolerance for corruption, rather than encouraging voters to punish corruption.Related Articles

Pasquino, Gianfranco. 2014. “.” Politics & Policy 42 (): 548‐566. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12079/abstract

Lagunes, Paul F. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 802‐826. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00384.x/abstract

Caillier, James. 2010. “.” Politics & Policy 38 (): 1015‐1035. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00267.x/abstract
Related MediaThe Quality of Government Institute. http://www.qog.pol.gu.se/The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems. http://www.cses.org/Talk by Jeremy Weinstein on a project examining political accountability around corruption and performance in Uganda. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6w3_w360rw
Advancement of the Subjective Vitality Scale: examination of alternative measurement models for Japanese and Singaporeans
Authors: Kawabata M. , Yamazaki F. , Guo D. W. , Chatzisarantis N. L. D. 
Published: October 2016

The Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS: Ryan & Frederick, 1997) is a 7‐item self‐report instrument to measure one's level of vitality and has been widely used in psychological studies. However, there have been discrepancies in which version of the SVS (7‐ or 6‐item version) employed between as well as within researchers. Moreover, Item 5 seems not be a good indicator of vitality from a content validity perspective. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the SVS for Japanese and Singaporeans rigorously by comparing 3 measurement models (5‐, 6‐, and 7‐item models). To this end, the scale was first translated from English to Japanese and then the Japanese and English versions of the scale were administered to Japanese (n = 268) and Singaporean undergraduate students (n = 289), respectively. The factorial and concurrent validity of the three models were examined independently on each of the samples. Furthermore, the covariance stability of the vitality responses was assessed over a 4‐week time period for another independent Japanese sample (n = 140). The findings from this study indicated that from methodological and content validity perspectives, the 5‐item model is considered most preferable for both language versions of the SVS.
Citizenship as cultural: Towards a theory of cultural citizenship
Authors: Beaman Jean 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTraditional notions of citizenship have focused on formal membership, including access to rights, in a national community. More recent scholarship has expanded this definition beyond citizenship as a legal status to focus on struggles for societal inclusion of and justice for marginalized populations, citizenship as both a social and symbolic boundary of exclusion, and post‐colonial and post‐national citizenship. In this article, I review conceptions of citizenship that involve more than legal rights. After reviewing this scholarship, I discuss the theoretical framework of cultural citizenship – a move to center the cultural underpinnings of modern citizenship in analyses of citizenship as a boundary of inclusion and exclusion. I use the example of France as one site to locate the connections between citizenship and culture and the cultural underpinnings and implications of citizenship more broadly.
Critical Thinking in Social Policy: The Challenges of Past, Present and Future
Authors: Williams Fiona 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article reviews the development of critical thinking in social policy over four decades. First, it draws out the key insights of the early foundational critiques of the 1970s and 1980s especially around gender and race in their articulation with class. Second, it synthesizes two attempts in the 1990s to provide integrated critical analyses of the destabilization of the Keynesian welfare state and situates them in relation to the movement of mainstream theory at that time. Third, it looks at critical analyses that emerged in the first decade of this century in the wake of global neo‐liberalism and post‐structuralism. These are summarized as four ‘turns’: the agentic turn; the ethical turn; the global turn; and the (re)turn of intersectionality. The context of the decade since 2008 of financial and humanitarian crises and austerity provides the backcloth to argue, in conclusion, for a more integrated and multi‐dimensional critical approach which encompasses different spaces, claims and social relations in which alternatives can be articulated.
Association of HLA alleles and haplotypes with CYP21A2 gene p. V282L mutation in the Croatian population
Authors: Grubic Z. , Maskalan M. , Stingl Jankovic K. , Zvecic S. , Dumic Kubat K. , Krnic N. , Zunec R. , Ille J. , Kusec V. , Dumic M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe CYP21A2 mutations that are in linkage disequilibrium with particular HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐DRB1 alleles/haplotypes, cause deficiency of the 21‐hydroxylase enzyme (21‐OHD) and account for the majority of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) cases. The aim of this study was to investigate those associations with the p.V282L mutation linked to the non‐classical (NC) form of CAH among Croatians. The study included parents of patients with the NC form of CAH, positive for the p.V282L mutation (N = 55) and cadaveric donor samples (N = 231). All subjects were HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐DRB1 typed and tested for the presence of the p.V282L mutation. Among parents of patients, 92.73% of subjects were positive for the B*14:02 allele and almost half of them carried the HLA‐A*33:01‐B*14:02‐DRB1*01:02 haplotype. Among cadaveric samples 77 out of 96 subjects positive for the B*14:02 allele had the p.V282L mutation. Among them, 37 were positive for the HLA‐A*33:01‐B*14:02‐DRB1*01:02 haplotype, 23 had the HLA‐A*33:01‐B*14:02‐DRB1*03:01 haplotype, 8 had the B*14:02‐DRB1*01:02 combination and 5 were carrying the HLA‐A*68:02‐B*14:02‐DRB1*13:03 haplotype. Only 4 of these subjects were positive for the B*14:02 allele. HLA‐B*14:02 was the only single allele with association that reached statistically significant P value (RR = 12.00; P = 0.0024). Haplotypes B*14:02‐DRB1*01:02 (P < 0.001) and HLA‐A*68:02‐B*14:02‐DRB1*13:03 (P < 0.001) as well as HLA‐A*33:01‐B*14:02‐DRB1*01:02 and HLA‐A*33:01‐B*14:02‐DRB1*03:01 showed high relative risks (RR = 45.00, RR = 41.63 and RR = 36.96, respectively). Our data support the previously documented association of the HLA‐A*33:01‐B*14:02‐DRB1*01:02 haplotype with the p.V282L mutation, but also point out a high frequency of the p.V282L mutation among Croatians with HLA‐A*33:01‐B*14:02‐DRB1*03:01 and HLA‐A*68:02‐B*14:02‐DRB1*13:03 haplotypes.
Teaching with Spiritual Impact: An Analysis of Student Comments Regarding High‐ and Low‐Rated Spiritually Inspiring Religion Classes
Authors: Hilton John , Sweat Anthony , Griffin Tyler , Griffiths Casey Paul 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe analyzed 2,621 written student comments to better understand themes which most contribute to religion classes being rated high or low in terms of the spiritual benefit students received from the class. From 2,448 religion classes taught from September of 2010 through April of 2014, comments from the top 61 (2.5 percent) and bottom 51 (2.1 percent) rated classes in terms of being “spiritually inspiring” were compared for emerging themes. The most frequent themes in higher‐ranked spiritually inspiring courses were (1) intellectually enlightening and (2) applied religion to life. In lower‐ranked spiritually inspiring courses the themes (1) class time was ineffective and (2) poor assessments were prevalent. We explore the practical implications from these and other findings.
Kinesthetic Language Learning: How an Accident Led to a Revelation
Authors: West Travis , Nam Roger S. , Benckhuysen Amanda W. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis essay analyzes a critical incident that took place in a hybrid distance‐learning Hebrew language class that was adapting interactive, immersion‐style, kinesthetic pedagogy during the week‐long face‐to‐face intensive portion of the class – including Total Physical Response techniques in which students respond to the language with whole‐body actions, entering into the world created by the language and the particular biblical text. Memorization, performance, interactive games, songs, and skits also contribute to the immersion‐style learning environment. A snafu on the final day of the week led to a serendipitous solution that demonstrated Parker Palmer's idea of subject centered pedagogy. A brief description and analysis of the critical incident is followed by two short responses.
Conversation with Stephen Prothero
Authors: Prothero Stephen , Gallagher Eugene V. , Pearson Thomas , Robinson Joanne , Stortz Martha E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis interview was recorded and transcribed in November 2015. Stephen Prothero is a professor of religious studies at Boston University, where he has taught since 1996. His publications include several that directly address teaching about religion, most notably Religious Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know – and Doesn't, which made an argument regarding K‐12 education. In this manuscript he pulls the conversation into his own undergraduate classrooms – providing a vivid glimpse of his teaching practices, including how he conducts large lecture classes and seminars, how he works with teaching assistants, and how he conducts discussions even in very large courses. He also shares his broader reflections on the nature and importance of religious literacy and its place in American education.
Risk factors for ocular surface squamous neoplasia in Kenya: a case–control study
Authors: Gichuhi Stephen , Macharia Ephantus , Kabiru Joy , Zindamoyen Alain M'bongo , Rono Hillary , Ollando Ernest , Wachira Joseph , Munene Rhoda , Onyuma Timothy , Jaoko Walter G. , Sagoo Mandeep S. , Weiss Helen A. , Burton Matthew J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine modifiable risk factors of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in Kenya using disease‐free controls.MethodsAdults with conjunctival lesions were recruited at four eye care centres in Kenya and underwent excision biopsy. An equal number of controls having surgery for conditions not affecting the conjunctiva and unrelated to ultraviolet light were group‐matched to cases by age group, sex and eye care centre. Associations of risk factors with OSSN were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Continuous variables were compared using the t‐test or the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U‐test depending on their distribution.ResultsA total of 131 cases and 131 controls were recruited. About two‐thirds of participants were female, and the mean age of cases and controls was 42.1 years and 43.3 years, respectively. Risk factors for OSSN were HIV infection without antiretroviral therapy (ART) use (OR = 48.42; 95% CI: 7.73–303.31) and with ART use (OR = 19.16; 95% CI: 6.60–55.57), longer duration of exposure to the sun in the main occupation (6.9 h/day vs. 4.6 h/day, OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.10–1.40) and a history of allergic conjunctivitis (OR = 74.61; 95% CI: 8.08–688.91). Wearing hats was protective (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07–0.63).ConclusionMeasures to prevent and control HIV, reduce sun exposure such as wearing hats and control allergic conjunctivitis are recommended.
Household experience and costs of seeking measles vaccination in rural Guinea‐Bissau
Authors: Byberg S. , Fisker A. B. , Rodrigues A. , Balde I. , Enemark U. , Aaby P. , Benn C. S. , Griffiths U. K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectivesChildren younger than 12 months of age are eligible for childhood vaccines through the public health system in Guinea‐Bissau. To limit open vial wastage, a restrictive vial opening policy has been implemented; 10‐dose measles vaccine vials are only opened if six or more children aged 9–11 months are present at the vaccination post. Consequently, mothers who bring their child for measles vaccination can be told to return another day. We aimed to describe the household experience and estimate household costs of seeking measles vaccination in rural Guinea‐Bissau.MethodsWithin a national sample of village clusters under demographic surveillance, we interviewed mothers of children aged 9–21 months about their experience with seeking measles vaccination. From information about time and money spent, we calculated household costs of seeking measles vaccination.ResultsWe interviewed mothers of 1308 children of whom 1043 (80%) had sought measles vaccination at least once. Measles vaccination coverage was 70% (910/1308). Coverage decreased with increasing distance to the health centre. On average, mothers who had taken their child for vaccination took their child 1.4 times. Mean costs of achieving 70% coverage were 2.04 USD (SD 3.86) per child taken for vaccination. Half of the mothers spent more than 2 h seeking vaccination and 11% spent money on transportation.ConclusionsWe found several indications of missed opportunities for measles vaccination resulting in suboptimal coverage. The household costs comprised 3.3% of the average monthly income and should be taken into account when assessing the costs of delivering vaccinations.
Offshoring and Outsourcing Potentials: Evidence from German Micro‐Level Data
Authors: Brändle Tobias , Koch Andreas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper provides two indicators that measure: (i) offshoring potentials (cross‐country geographical relocation) and (ii) outsourcing potentials (organisational relocation) separately at the level of jobs, occupations, tasks and industries. We use four waves of the BIBB/BAuA Labour Force Survey in Germany and apply principal component analysis based on a large set of potential determinants of offshoring and outsourcing derived from the literature. Our results show significant variation across these levels in the determinants of both dimensions. We provide a comprehensive empirical classification of the determinants of how easily jobs can be offshored and outsourced. This can serve as a basis for further research to investigate the economic effects of job offshoreability.
Exporters and Importers of Services: Firm‐Level Evidence on Italy
Authors: Federico Stefano , Tosti Enrico 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis work contributes to the growing literature on international trade in services at firm level. Our data set provides information on exports and imports of services (excluding transportation and travel) in 2008–09 for almost 3,000 Italian industrial and services firms, divided by partner country and type of service. We report a set of stylised facts on services trade and analyse the choice between export and foreign direct investment in services at the firm level. We find that the export and import of services are highly concentrated in just a few firms. Firm‐level variation in trade is positively correlated with firm size and productivity. Country‐level variation is to a large extent explained by the standard gravity variables: distance strongly reduces trade in services in spite of their intangibility. Smaller and less productive firms choose to export rather than sell through foreign affiliates, although there is some heterogeneity among service types.
Anti‐dumping Duty and Firm Heterogeneity: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Sun Joo Yeon , Lee Seungrae 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study examines the imposition of anti‐dumping (AD) duties on imported products in Korea. We use panel data for Korean firms between 2000 and 2012 and estimate the firm‐level productivity of import‐competing firms before and after AD imposition. Using a difference‐in‐difference framework, we compare firm productivity changes in a treatment group that receives AD protection to a control group that does not. In contrast to recent findings on the effects of AD measures, we find that the average protected firms experience productivity loss during the AD protection period. Examining the changes in external market condition and internal resource allocation during the protection period, such loss appears to be more evident inside highly concentrated import‐competing sectors. Further, we find that protected firms are more likely to reallocate their resources abroad via FDI at the expense of domestic production and investment once they receive temporary protection.
Evaluation of performance of veterinary in‐clinic hematology analyzers
Authors: Rishniw Mark , Pion Paul D. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundA previous study provided information regarding the quality of in‐clinic veterinary biochemistry testing. However, no similar studies for in‐clinic veterinary hematology testing have been conducted.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the quality of hematology testing in veterinary in‐clinic laboratories using results obtained from testing 3 levels of canine EDTA blood samples.MethodsClinicians prepared blood samples to achieve measurand concentrations within, below, and above their RIs and evaluated the samples in triplicate using their in‐clinic analyzers. Quality was assessed by comparison of calculated total error with quality requirements, determination of sigma metrics, use of a quality goal index, and agreement between in‐clinic and reference laboratory instruments. Suitability for statistical quality control was determined using adaptations from the computerized program, EZRules3.ResultsEvaluation of 10 veterinary in‐clinic hematology analyzers showed that these instruments often fail to meet quality requirements. At least 60% of analyzers reasonably determined RBC, WBC, HCT, and HGB, when assessed by most quality goal criteria; platelets were less reliably measured, with 80% deemed suitable for low platelet counts, but only 30% for high platelet counts, and automated differential leukocyte counts were generally considered unsuitable for clinical use with fewer than 40% of analyzers meeting the least stringent quality goal requirements. Fewer than 50% of analyzers were able to meet requirements for statistical quality control for any measurand.ConclusionThese findings reflect the current status of in‐clinic hematology analyzer performance and provide a basis for future evaluations of the quality of veterinary laboratory testing.
Operative Techniques and Preliminary Outcomes Following Percutaneous Endoscopic Thoracolumbar Pediculectomy in Dogs
Authors: Hwang Yong‐Hyun , Lee Hee‐Chun , Lee Jae‐Hoon 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the technical feasibility of percutaneous endoscopic pediculectomy using a lateral approach and to evaluate its use for decompression and examination of the thoracic and lumbar spinal canals in small dogs.Study DesignExperimental study.AnimalsClinically normal adult dogs (n=10).MethodsAfter optimizing the technique in cadavers, percutaneous endoscopic pediculectomy was performed using a lateral approach to the thoracic (T12) or lumbar (L2) vertebrae in 5 dogs each. Using fluoroscopic guidance, a K‐wire, dilator, and (cannula) working sleeve were placed. A window for visualizing the spinal cord and floor of the spinal canal was created using a specialized drill, rongeurs, trephine, and elevator. Gait and neurologic status were monitored postoperatively, and computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed.ResultsAll procedures were completed successfully (T12, 45 ± 13 minutes; L2, 59 ± 14 minutes) with clear observation of the spinal cord and floor of the spinal canal. Normal ambulation was maintained in 9 dogs. One dog in the L2 group had ipsilateral hind limb weakness that resolved within 4 days. One dog in the L2 group suffered a fracture of the accessory process. One dog each in the T12 and L2 groups had hyperintense lesions on T2‐weighted MRI images, suspicious of focal edema, which reduced at 4 weeks after initial examination, possibly reflecting gliosis.ConclusionPediculectomy using a percutaneous endoscopic thoracolumbar lateral approach is feasible, provides a good view of the spinal canal, and may be an alternative for treatment of disk disease in dogs.
Constructing small WEEE collection system in Istanbul: A decision support system and conceptual design proposal
Authors: Cetinsaya Özkır Vildan 
Published: October 2016

The technological advances decrease electrical/electronic product lifecycles and boost consumption of high-tech products. The rapid growth in the electronic market produces electronic waste streams and potential threats arise on sustainability in terms of depleting natural resources and improper disposal. End-of-life electrical/electronic equipment (EEEs) involves complex mixture of materials, has hazardous content, and if not properly disposed, they can cause major environmental and health problems. To prevent the consequences of improper disposal, authorities and researchers conduct large-scale projects aligned with European union legislations. However, these efforts are still not sufficient to establish effective and organized systems due to the problem complexity and the need for specialized arrangements. This study proposes conceptual decision support framework and a bi-objective mathematical model to construct an effective collection network for end-of-life mobile phones. A real case study is presented for constructing an effective collection system in Istanbul. The main reason that we select Istanbul, is the requirement of urgency to deal with the large quantities of e-wastes. The result of this study will encourage academicians to conduct further research studies and strongly assist the authorities to configure well-structured e-waste collection system.