bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encoding odorant mixtures by human olfactory receptors
Authors: El Mountassir Fouzia , Belloir Christine , Briand Loïc , Thomas‐Danguin Thierry , Le Bon Anne‐Marie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPerceptual properties of odorant mixtures are assumed to result from interactions occurring at different stages of odour processing. Peripheral mechanisms have been proposed to play an important role in the processing of mixture information. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the responses of several human olfactory receptors (ORs) to aldehyde binary mixtures containing various ratios of either octanal and citronellal or octanal and methional. Receptor responses were measured by calcium imaging using HEK293 cells transfected with ORs. Responses to octanal + citronellal mixtures were almost always found to be lower than the sum of single compound responses (hypo‐addition). For one OR (OR1A1), octanal was even found to extinguish the receptor response altogether, suggesting strong competition mechanisms. In contrast, OR activation by octanal + methional mixtures was hyper‐additive. Interestingly, the results revealed that (i) the interaction pattern was largely influenced by the nature and ratio of the mixed odorants whatever the OR and (ii) the interaction pattern depended on the OR response patterns to single odorants. These findings provide some insight into the phenomena that may occur at the periphery of the olfactory system. Moreover, since OR responses are partially reconcilable with human integrated odour responses, this highlights the critical role of peripheral events in the encoding of natural odours. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvent effect on the debromination/dehydrobromination of bromo‐damascone
Authors: Cheng Ying‐Ying , Ren Tian‐Lu , Xu Bao‐Hua , Tao Hai‐Sheng , Zhang Suo‐Jiang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe dehydrogenative synthesis of β‐damascenone from β‐damascone via the related allyl bromide intermediate was studied in depth. The requisite dehydrobromination thereof was found strongly solvent system dependent. Under respective conditions, the product was identified as dehydrogenation‐derived a, 4‐alkoxy‐derived b and 4‐oxo‐derived c, accordingly. In addition, the conversion from b to a was successfully accomplished, thereby offering an alternative access (with one step more) to reach β‐damascenone. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Anticancer, and QSAR Studies of 2‐Alkyl(aryl,hetaryl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐thione's and [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5‐c]quinazoline‐2‐thione's Thioderivatives
Authors: Antypenko Oleksii M. , Kovalenko Sergiy I. , Karpenko Oleksandr V. , Nikitin Vladyslav O. , Antypenko Lyudmyla M. 
Published: June 2016

Considering the frightening high level of mortality from cancer, studies of anticancer agents are vital nowadays. The 24 thioderivatives of 2‐alkyl(aryl)‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐thiones and 20 thioderivatives of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐c]quinazoline‐2‐thiones were synthesized and evaluated for preliminary in vitro anticancer activity with subsequent in silico QSAR analysis. The substance 18 had the best results inhibiting growth of eight cancer cell lines: CCRF‐CEM of leukemia; SF‐539, SNB‐75, and U251 of CNS cancer; 786, RXF393, and UO‐31 of renal cancer; and MDA‐MB‐231/ATCC of breast cancer (−31.50 – 47.41% of cell growth) with low procancer effect. Calculated QSAR‐models for CCRF‐CEM of leukemia, T‐47D and HS 578T of breast cancer, and mean cell growth demonstrated good rate of anticancer activity prediction (r2 = 0.7 – 0.8, = 0.5 – 0.7).
Serum concentrations of l‐kynurenine predict clinical outcomes of patients with peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified
Authors: Shibata Yuhei , Hara Takeshi , Matsumoto Takuro , Nakamura Nobuhiko , Nakamura Hiroshi , Ninomiya Soranobu , Kitagawa Junichi , Goto Naoe , Nannya Yasuhito , Ito Hiroyasu , Kito Yusuke , Miyazaki Tatsuhiko , Takeuchi Tamotsu , Saito Kuniaki , Seishima Mitsuru , Takami Tsuyoshi , Moriwaki Hisataka , Shimizu Masahito , Tsurumi Hisashi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIndoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase exerts intense immunomodulatory effects due to enzymatic activities that catalyze the breakdown of the essential amino acid l‐tryptophan. The activity of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase can be estimated by measuring serum l‐kynurenine concentrations. Here, we aimed to determine the role of l‐kynurenine as a prognostic factor for peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS) in a retrospective analysis of data derived from 31 consecutive patients between June 2000 and March 2013 who were histologically diagnosed with PTCL‐NOS according to the World Health Organization classification and treated with 6−8 cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin or pirarubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone. l‐kynurenine concentrations in serum samples collected at admission were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The median serum concentration of l‐kynurenine was 3.28 (range 0.92–8.16) μM. The l‐kynurenine cutoff was set at 3.07 μM using receiver operating characteristics curves. The complete remission rates of patients with l‐kynurenine <3.07 and ≥3.07 μM were 69% and 51%, respectively. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates for patients with l‐kynurenine <3.07 and ≥3.07 μM were 80.2% and 23.4%, respectively (p < 0.001). More advanced age, poor performance status, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, an unfavorable International Prognostic Index, and a poor prognostic index for T‐cell lymphoma were significantly worse factors for OS. Multivariate analyses revealed only l‐kynurenine as an independent prognostic factor for OS. In conclusion, serum concentrations of l‐kynurenine might comprise a novel prognostic factor with which to determine the outcomes of treatment for PTCL‐NOS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SUBSTANCE‐ABUSING PREGNANT WOMEN: PRENATAL INTERVENTION USING ULTRASOUND CONSULTATION AND MENTALIZATION TO ENHANCE THE MOTHER–CHILD RELATIONSHIP AND REDUCE SUBSTANCE USE
Authors: Pajulo Helena , Pajulo Marjukka , Jussila Heidi , Ekholm Eeva 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTSubstance‐abusing pregnant and parenting women are considered one of the most challenging, but important, target groups for developing early parenting interventions. Some valuable efforts to develop such interventions have been made in the organizational sector in Finland. However, there is a great need for new ways of work that would simultaneously concentrate in substance‐abuse treatment and enhance parenting in public healthcare settings. The present article describes the background, content, and protocol of a new prenatal intervention developed for substance‐abusing pregnant women in a hospital setting in public healthcare. The intervention includes two new elements and pathways aimed to enhance the mothers’ curiosity toward her developing child and provide motivation to stay abstinent from substance use. The pathways are interactive ultrasound consultation and a new pregnancy diary, both using a parental mentalization focus. The intervention elements, experiences from running the intervention, evaluation protocol, and general characteristics of the study sample gained (n = 90) are described and discussed. Two case vignettes from the study sample are presented, and the applicability of this prenatal work with other groups and settings is considered.
Effect of ultrasonic processing on the changes in activity, aggregation and the secondary and tertiary structure of polyphenol oxidase in oriental sweet melon (Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino)
Authors: Liu Siyu , Liu Yan , Huang Xingjian , Yang Wenjin , Hu Wanfeng , Pan Siyi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolyphenol oxidase (PPO) mainly contributes to the browning reaction of fruits and vegetables and causes serious damage to the quality of sweet melon products. However, traditional methods to inactivate browning may induce more unexpected risks than ultrasonic processing. Meanwhile, there are no reports on the effect of ultrasound on PPO directly purified from sweet melon.RESULTSThe PPO in the original juice was less inactivated than the purified form when treated with ultrasound. As for purified PPO, superior to thermal treatment, less heat was needed to inactivate the PPO with ultrasonic treatment. At intensity lower than 200 W, ultrasound did not significantly affect the structure and activity of PPO (P > 0.05), and latent PPO was activated. At intensity higher than 200 W, ultrasound inactivated PPO, induced aggregation and dissociation of PPO particles and significantly decreased the α‐helix structure content.CONCLUSIONLow‐frequency high‐intensity ultrasound caused an inactivation effect and conformational changes of purified PPO from oriental sweet melons. Changes in the PPO structure induced by ultrasound eventually inactivated the enzyme. Ultrasound may be a potential method to inactivate PPO in oriental sweet melons. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto‐oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties
Authors: Vénica Claudia I , Wolf Irma V , Bergamini Carina V , Perotti María C 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDDifferent types of reduced‐lactose yogurt, obtained by lactose hydrolysis using β‐galactosidase enzyme, are commercially available. The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto‐oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. The extension of these changes is dependent on the yogurt matrix composition. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties during storage.RESULTSThe presence of β‐galactosidase enzyme did not affect either the global composition or the survival of cultures. Overall, the hydrolyzed products had lower acidity than traditional ones. GOS were found at similar levels in fresh hydrolyzed yogurts, whereas in traditional yogurts they were not detected. The proportion of ketones, acids and aldehydes seems to be more dependent on yogurt variety than on addition of the enzyme. Likewise, the storage period affected the volatile fraction to different degree; the increase in acid compounds was more pronounced in hydrolyzed than in traditional yogurts.CONCLUSIONThis work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced‐lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Perinatal maternal high‐fat diet promotes alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism and resistance to the hypolipidemic effect of fish oil in adolescent rat offspring
Authors: Oliveira Lorraine S. , Souza Luana L. , Souza Aline F. P. , Cordeiro Aline , Kluck George E. G. , Atella Georgia C. , Trevenzoli Isis H. , Pazos‐Moura Carmen C. 
Published: June 2016

ScopeMaternal high‐fat diet (HFD) promotes obesity and metabolic disturbances in offspring at weaning and adult life. We investigated metabolic consequences of maternal HFD in adolescent rat offspring and the potential benefic effects of fish oil (FO) (n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid source).Methods and resultsFemale rats received isocaloric, standard diet (STD: 9% fat) or HFD (28.6%) before mating, and throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, male offspring received standard diet and, from 25th to 45th day, received oral administration of soybean oil (SO) or FO. HFD offspring showed higher body weight and adiposity, which was not attenuated by FO. In STD offspring, FO reduced serum triglyceride and cholesterol, as expected, but not in HFD offspring. Liver of HFD offspring groups showed increased free cholesterol and FO‐treated HFD group showed lower expression of Abcg8, suggesting decreased cholesterol biliary excretion. HFD offspring presented higher hepatic expression of lipogenic markers, Srebf1 mRNA and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC). Serum n‐3 PUFA were decreased in FO‐treated HFD compared to FO‐treated STD offspring, which may explain the reduced hypolipidemic FO effect.ConclusionMaternal HFD impaired the ability of FO to reduce adiposity and serum lipids in adolescent offspring, suggesting a potential predisposition to future development of metabolic disorders
Effect of Dietary Omega‐3 Fatty Acids on Tumor‐Associated Macrophages and Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Liang Pei , Henning Susanne M. , Schokrpur Shiruyeh , Wu Lily , Doan Ngan , Said Jonathan , Grogan Tristan , Elashoff David , Cohen Pinchas , Aronson William J. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDPreclinical and clinical studies suggest that a fish oil‐based diet may play a role in delaying the progression of prostate cancer through a number of different mechanisms involving inflammatory pathways. Given the importance of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in carcinogenesis, we hypothesized that a fish oil‐based diet will inhibit TAM infiltration and delay the growth of prostate cancer.METHODSAndrogen sensitive mouse prostate cancer (MycCaP) allograft tumors were grown in fully immunocompetent FVB mice fed a high‐ fat fish oil (omega‐3) or corn oil (omega‐6) diet. Gene expression of markers for immune cell populations, cytokines, chemokines, and signaling pathways were determined by real‐time PCR and western blot in tumor tissue. Cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro were measured by MTS assay and flow cytometry.RESULTSTumor volumes were significantly smaller in mice in ω‐3 versus the ω‐6 group (P = 0.048). Gene expression of markers for M1 and M2 macrophages (F4/80, iNOS, ARG1), associated cytokines (IL‐6, TNF alpha, IL‐10), and the chemokine CCL‐2 were also lower in the omega‐3 group. Correlative in vitro studies were performed in M1 and M2 polarized macrophages and mirrored the in vivo findings. Dietary fish oil and in vitro omega‐3 fatty acid administration reduced protein expression of transcription factors in the nuclear factor kappa B pathway leading to a significant decrease in gene expression of downstream targets (Bcl‐2, BCL‐XL, XIAP, survivin) in MycCap cells.CONCLUSIONSThese findings underscore the potential of fish oil in modulating the clinical course of human prostate cancer through the immune system. Further preclinical and clinical studies are warranted evaluating fish oil‐based therapies for inhibiting the recruitment and function of M1 and M2 tumor infiltrating macrophages.Prostate 76:1293–1302, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effects of Extensive Reading on Reading Comprehension, Reading Rate, and Vocabulary Acquisition
Authors: Suk Namhee 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSeveral empirical studies and syntheses of extensive reading have concluded that extensive reading has positive impacts on language learning in second‐ and foreign‐language settings. However, many of the studies contained methodological or curricular limitations, raising questions about the asserted positive effects of extensive reading. The present research adds to the limited set of well‐controlled studies by investigating the impact of an extensive reading approach over a 15‐week semester on the reading comprehension, reading rate, and vocabulary acquisition of Korean university students studying English as a foreign language. A quasi‐experimental research design was employed using four intact classes: two control (n = 88) and two experimental (n = 83). The control classes received 100‐minute intensive reading instruction per week, whereas the experimental classes received equivalent 70‐minute intensive reading instruction and 30‐minute extensive reading instruction per week. A repeated‐measures multivariate analysis of variance revealed that the experimental classes significantly outperformed the control classes on the combination of the three dependent variables (i.e., reading comprehension, reading rate, vocabulary acquisition). Subsequent analyses of variance confirmed the positive impacts of extensive reading on all three areas. Instructional implications for extensive reading in second‐language curricula are discussed.
Estimating the effect of endogenous dopamine on baseline [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO binding in the human brain
Authors: Caravaggio Fernando , Kegeles Lawrence S. , Wilson Alan A. , Remington Gary , Borlido Carol , Mamo David C. , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEndogenous dopamine (DA) levels at dopamine D2/3 receptors (D2/3R) have been quantified in the living human brain using the agonist radiotracer [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO. As an agonist radiotracer, [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO is more sensitive to endogenous DA levels than antagonist radiotracers. We sought to determine the proportion of the variance in baseline [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO binding to D2/3Rs which can be accounted for by variation in endogenous DA levels. This was done by computing the Pearson's coefficient for the correlation between baseline binding potential (BPND) and the change in BPND after acute DA depletion, using previously published data. All correlations were inverse, and the proportion of the variance in baseline [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO BPND that can be accounted for by variation in endogenous DA levels across the striatal subregions ranged from 42‐59%. These results indicate that lower baseline values of [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO BPND reflect greater stimulation by endogenous DA. To further validate this interpretation, we sought to examine whether these data could be used to estimate the dissociation constant (Kd) of DA at D2/3R. In line with previous in vitro work, we estimated the in vivo Kd of DA to be around 20 nM. In summary, the agonist radiotracer [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO can detect the impact of endogenous DA levels at D2/3R in the living human brain from a single baseline scan, and may be more sensitive to this impact than other commonly employed radiotracers.
Back to Basics: Sharps Safety
Authors: Spruce Lisa 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPerioperative team members who handle sharp devices or equipment are at risk for sharps injuries. Because sharps injuries can expose individuals to potentially infectious diseases, safety practices should be followed at all times. Health care workers and patients are at risk when a sharps injury occurs, so protocols, including work practice and engineering controls, should be in place at every facility. This article provides guidance on the steps that can be followed to minimize risk of a sharps injury.
An Overview of Perioperative Care for Pediatric Patients
Authors: Derieg Sarah 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCare of pediatric surgical patients is not limited to pediatric facilities, and all perioperative RNs should have a basic understanding of the specialized care that children require. This knowledge set includes an understanding of the basic terminology used to describe this patient population as well as the developmental stages of pediatric patients. Preoperatively, the nurse should conduct a thorough assessment and evaluation and address the anxieties and questions of the patient and his or her parent or guardian. Intraoperatively, the nurse should be prepared to help manage difficult intubation, laryngospasm during induction and extubation, difficult IV access, positioning, skin care, surgical site preparation, and thermoregulation. Postoperative care considerations include addressing airway differences, vital signs, pain assessment and management, fluid management, and preparation for discharge. Awareness of the anatomic and physiologic differences, developmental stages, and surgical needs of children will allow the perioperative RN to provide high‐quality, safe care to the pediatric surgical patient.
Preoperative Care of Children: Strategies From a Child Life Perspective
Authors: Panella Judy J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe experience of surgery can be extremely stressful for children and their family members. Many children's hospitals offer a formal surgical preparation program to patients and their families, usually led by a child life specialist. However, smaller hospitals or ambulatory surgery centers may not be able to use this approach to preparing children for surgery. In this scenario, the perioperative nurse is in the ideal position to provide developmentally appropriate surgical preparation and education at the bedside. Knowledge of normal child development and age‐appropriate diversional activities are necessary to implement an effective surgical preparation program. This age‐appropriate preparation can help facilitate a positive medical experience that can reduce anxiety and affect the child's and his or her family's view of future medical encounters.
Guideline Implementation: Prevention of Retained Surgical Items
Authors: Fencl Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA surgical item unintentionally retained in a patient after an operative or other invasive procedure is a serious, preventable medical error with the potential to cause the patient great harm. Perioperative RNs play a key role in preventing retained surgical items (RSIs). The updated AORN “Guideline for prevention of retained surgical items” provides guidance for implementing a consistent, multidisciplinary approach to RSI prevention; accounting for surgical items; preventing retention of device fragments; reconciling count discrepancies; and using adjunct technologies to supplement manual count procedures. This article focuses on key points of the guideline to help perioperative personnel provide optimal care during a procedure. Key points addressed include taking responsibility for RSI prevention as a team; minimizing distractions, noise, and interruptions during counts; using consistent counting methods; reconciling discrepancies; and participating in performance‐improvement activities. Perioperative RNs should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance in writing and updating policies and procedures.
A blood screening test for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: O'Bryant Sid E. , Edwards Melissa , Johnson Leigh , Hall James , Villarreal Alcibiades E. , Britton Gabrielle B. , Quiceno Mary , Cullum C. Munro , Graff‐Radford Neill R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionThis study combined data across four independent cohorts to examine the positive and negative predictive values of an Alzheimer's disease (AD) blood test if implemented in primary care.MethodsBlood samples from 1329 subjects from multiple independent, multiethnic, community‐based, and clinic‐based cohorts were analyzed. A “locked‐down” referent group of 1128 samples was generated with 201 samples randomly selected for validation purposes. Random forest analyses were used to create the AD blood screen. Positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were calculated.ResultsIn detecting AD, PPV was 0.81, and NPV was 0.95 while using the full AD blood test. When detecting mild cognitive impairment, PPV and NPV were 0.74 and 0.93, respectively. Preliminary analyses were conducted to detect any “neurodegenerative disease”. The full 21‐protein AD blood test yielded a PPV of 0.85 and NPV of 0.94.DiscussionThe present study creates the first‐ever multiethnic referent sample that spans community‐based and clinic‐based populations for implementation of an AD blood screen.