bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iodine's impact on tropospheric oxidants: a global model study in GEOS-Chem
Authors: Sherwen T. , Evans M. J. , Carpenter L. J. , Andrews S. J. , Lidster R. T. , Dix B. , Koenig T. K. , Sinreich R. , Ortega I. , Volkamer R. , Saiz-Lopez A. , Prados-Roman C. , Mahajan A. S. , Ordóñez C. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. We present a global simulation of tropospheric iodine chemistry within the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. This includes organic and inorganic iodine sources, standard gas-phase iodine chemistry, and simplified higher iodine oxide (I2OX, X = 2, 3, 4) chemistry, photolysis, deposition, and parametrized heterogeneous reactions. In comparisons with recent iodine oxide (IO) observations, the simulation shows an average bias of  ∼ +90 % with available surface observations in the marine boundary layer (outside of polar regions), and of  ∼ +73 % within the free troposphere (350 hPa  <  p  <  900 hPa) over the eastern Pacific. Iodine emissions (3.8 Tg yr−1) are overwhelmingly dominated by the inorganic ocean source, with 76 % of this emission from hypoiodous acid (HOI). HOI is also found to be the dominant iodine species in terms of global tropospheric IY burden (contributing up to 70 %). The iodine chemistry leads to a significant global tropospheric O3 burden decrease (9.0 %) compared to standard GEOS-Chem (v9-2). The iodine-driven OX loss rate1 (748 Tg OX yr−1) is due to photolysis of HOI (78 %), photolysis of OIO (21 %), and reaction between IO and BrO (1 %). Increases in global mean OH concentrations (1.8 %) by increased conversion of hydroperoxy radicals exceeds the decrease in OH primary production from the reduced O3 concentration. We perform sensitivity studies on a range of parameters and conclude that the simulation is sensitive to choices in parametrization of heterogeneous uptake, ocean surface iodide, and I2OX (X = 2, 3, 4) photolysis. The new iodine chemistry combines with previously implemented bromine chemistry to yield a total bromine- and iodine-driven tropospheric O3 burden decrease of 14.4 % compared to a simulation without iodine and bromine chemistry in the model, and a small increase in OH (1.8 %). This is a significant impact and so halogen chemistry needs to be considered in both climate and air quality models. 1 Here OX is defined as O3 + NO2 + 2NO3 + PAN + PMN+PPN + HNO4 + 3N2O5 + HNO3 + BrO + HOBr + BrNO2+2BrNO3 + MPN + IO + HOI + INO2 + 2INO3 + 2OIO+2I2O2 + 3I2O3 + 4I2O4, where PAN  =  peroxyacetyl nitrate, PPN  =  peroxypropionyl nitrate, MPN  =  methyl peroxy nitrate, and MPN  =  peroxymethacryloyl nitrate.
Performance report of the RHUM-RUM ocean bottom seismometer network around La Réunion, western Indian Ocean
Authors: Stähler S. C. , Sigloch K. , Hosseini K. , Crawford W. C. , Barruol G. , Schmidt-Aursch M. C. , Tsekhmistrenko M. , Scholz J.-R. , Mazzullo A. , Deen M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. RHUM-RUM is a German-French seismological experiment based on the sea floor surrounding the island of La Réunion, western Indian Ocean (Barruol and Sigloch, 2013). Its primary objective is to clarify the presence or absence of a mantle plume beneath the Reunion volcanic hotspot. RHUM-RUM's central component is a 13-month deployment (October 2012 to November 2013) of 57 broadband ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) and hydrophones over an area of 2000  ×  2000 km2 surrounding the hotspot. The array contained 48 wideband OBS from the German DEPAS pool and 9 broadband OBS from the French INSU pool. It is the largest deployment of DEPAS and INSU OBS so far, and the first joint experiment. This article reviews network performance and data quality: of the 57 stations, 46 and 53 yielded good seismometer and hydrophone recordings, respectively. The 19 751 total deployment days yielded 18 735 days of hydrophone recordings and 15 941 days of seismometer recordings, which are 94 and 80 % of the theoretically possible yields. The INSU seismic sensors stand away from their OBS frames, whereas the DEPAS sensors are integrated into their frames. At long periods (>  10 s), the DEPAS seismometers are affected by significantly stronger noise than the INSU seismometers. On the horizontal components, this can be explained by tilting of the frame and buoy assemblage, e.g. through the action of ocean-bottom currents, but in addition the DEPAS intruments are affected by significant self-noise at long periods, including on the vertical channels. By comparison, the INSU instruments are much quieter at periods >  30 s and hence better suited for long-period signals studies. The trade-off of the instrument design is that the integrated DEPAS setup is easier to deploy and recover, especially when large numbers of stations are involved. Additionally, the wideband sensor has only half the power consumption of the broadband INSU seismometers. For the first time, this article publishes response information of the DEPAS instruments, which is necessary for any project where true ground displacement is of interest. The data will become publicly available at the end of 2017.
Annual South American forest loss estimates based on passive microwave remote sensing (1990–2010)
Authors: van Marle M. J. E. , van der Werf G. R. , de Jeu R. A. M. , Liu Y. Y. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Consistent forest loss estimates are important to understand the role of forest loss and deforestation in the global carbon cycle, for biodiversity studies, and to estimate the mitigation potential of reducing deforestation. To date, most studies have relied on optical satellite data and new efforts have greatly improved our quantitative knowledge on forest dynamics. However, most of these studies yield results for only a relatively short time period or are limited to certain countries. We have quantified large-scale forest loss over a 21-year period (1990–2010) in the tropical biomes of South America using remotely sensed vegetation optical depth (VOD). This passive microwave satellite-based indicator of vegetation water content and vegetation density has a much coarser spatial resolution than optical data but its temporal resolution is higher and VOD is not impacted by aerosols and cloud cover. We used the merged VOD product of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) observations, and developed a change detection algorithm to quantify spatial and temporal variations in forest loss dynamics. Our results compared reasonably well with the newly developed Landsat-based Global Forest Change (GFC) maps, available for the 2001 onwards period (r2 =  0.90 when comparing annual country-level estimates). This allowed us to convert our identified changes in VOD to forest loss area and compute these from 1990 onwards. We also compared these calibrated results to PRODES (r2 =  0.60 when comparing annual state-level estimates). We found that South American forest exhibited substantial interannual variability without a clear trend during the 1990s, but increased from 2000 until 2004. After 2004, forest loss decreased again, except for two smaller peaks in 2007 and 2010. For a large part, these trends were driven by changes in Brazil, which was responsible for 56 % of the total South American forest loss area over our study period according to our results. One of the key findings of our study is that while forest loss decreased in Brazil after 2005, increases in other countries partly offset this trend suggesting that South American forest loss as a whole decreased much less than that in Brazil.
Near Real Time Arctic sea ice thickness and volume from CryoSat-2
Authors: Tilling R.  L. , Ridout A. , Shepherd A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Timely observations of sea ice thickness help us to understand Arctic climate, and can	support	maritime activities in the Polar Regions. Although it is possible to calculate Arctic sea ice thickness using measurements acquired by CryoSat-2, the latency of the final release dataset is typically one month, due to the time required to	determine precise satellite orbits. We use a new fast delivery CryoSat-2 dataset based on preliminary orbits to compute Arctic sea ice thickness in near real time (NRT), and analyse this data for one sea ice growth season from October 2014 to April 2015. We show that this NRT sea ice thickness product is of comparable accuracy to that produced using the final release	CryoSat-2 data, with an average thickness difference of 5 cm, demonstrating that the satellite orbit is not a critical factor in determining sea ice freeboard. In addition, the CryoSat-2 fast delivery product also provides measurements of Arctic sea ice thickness within three days of acquisition by the satellite, and a measurement is delivered, on average, within	10, 7 and 6 km of each location	in the Arctic every 2, 14 and 28 days respectively. The CryoSat-2 NRT sea ice thickness dataset provides an additional constraint for seasonal predictions of Arctic climate change, and will allow industries such as tourism and transport to navigate the polar oceans with safety and care.
Adaptive Strategic Variations in Human Cognition Across the Life Span
Authors: Hinault Thomas , Lemaire Patrick 
Published: February 2016

This paper provides an overview of how a strategy perspective fruitfully contributes to our understanding of psychological adaptation in problem-solving tasks, as well as how strategic adaptation develops across lifespan. Indeed, people do not use a single strategy to solve various problems, nor do their strategies remain the same across their lifespan. Problem-solving performance is determined by efficient strategy selection and execution, and strategy effectiveness is modulated by characteristics of problems, strategies, situations, and participants. Multiple strategy use help participants to obtain better performance through strategic adaptations. Strategic adaptations can be defined as participants’ calibrations of how they accomplish cognitive tasks as a function of different task parameters. Moreover, this review consider how strategic adaptation mechanisms are implemented during childhood, as well as aging effects on the ability to select and execute strategies adaptively given environmental constraints. Third, the role of working memory capacity and executive processes in strategy use and in age-related changes in strategy adaptativeness are discussed. This review illustrates developmental changes of strategic adaptation during childhood and adulthood with findings from a variety of cognitive domains, including decision making and arithmetic problem solving.
Type of Traders’ Effect on Risk and Return: The Case of Egyptian Stock Exchange
Authors: Mohamed Dawood Aly Saad , El-Giziry Khairy 
Published: February 2016

<p>This research paper aims to estimate the effect of investor categories (Foreigners, Arab, Egyptian institutions and individuals) trading volume, value and number of transactions on capital market returns and volatility. </p><p>We depend on data Foreigners, Arabian and Egyptian trading volume, values and number of transaction of buying and selling for institutions and individuals and capital market values for the period from January 1st 2009 to December 31 2013.</p><p>We used descriptive statistics to identify normal distribution of data. Then, performing lead lag structure approach to obtain the optimum lag for the independent variable which has the maximum correlation with the dependent variable. Next, Garch model utilized to estimate the effect of trading volume, value, number of transactions on capital market return and volatility. Finally, the same model utilized to estimate the effect of investor categories on capital market return and volatility for the six periods starting from January 1<sup>st</sup> 2009 to December 31 2013 which represents the whole period and five yearly periods for the same period.</p><p>We found that institutions are the main source of volatility in the Egyptian stock market. Garch models showed weak effect on volatility for all periods. In the light of this study Foreigners and trading value items are the main source of effect on volatility. Finally, consistent with Chou (1988), the findings of GARCH model indicated that volatility persistence is less than unity which revealed that the Egyptian stock market could absorb shocks across time.</p>
A EUCARISTIA E O CARÁCTER DIALÓGICO DA PALAVRA. PROPOSTA DE ABORDAGEM BAKHTINIANA
Authors: Cardita Ângelo 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p>O estudo propõe uma aproximação à religião como fenómeno linguístico “dialógico” e concentra-se no exemplo da Eucaristia, por meio de uma análise dialógica da Oração Eucarística. Em preâmbulo, começa-se por estabelecer o estado da questão religiosa e teológica no pensamento e metodologia bakhtinianos, para propor, de seguida, um esboço de análise dialógica da Oração Eucarística. Demonstra-se que Bakhtin considera a Eucaristia como a mediação simbólica que põe em comunicação o evento-existir pessoal de Cristo com o evento- existir pessoal de cada crente e, a partir da sua concepção dialógica do ato de palavra, avança-se com a possibilidade de reconhecer o poder da palavra divina no interior da palavra humana. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Eucaristia. Oração. Análise dialógica. Bakhtin.</p></div></div><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>A</span><span>BSTRACT </span></p><p><span>The study proposesan approach to religion as"dialogic" linguistic phenomenon and focuses on the example of the Eucharist, through a dialogic analysis of the Eucharistic Prayer. In the preamble, it begins by establishing the state of the religious and theological question in the Bakhtinian thought and methodology, to propose, then, an out line of dialogic analysis of the Eucharistic Prayer. Subsequently, the study shows that Bakhtin considers the Eucharist as the symbolic mediation which en acts the communication between the personal event-existence of Christ with the personal event-existence of each believer; and, from its dialogic conception of the speech act,it advances the possibility to recognize the power of the divine word within the human word. </span></p><p><span>K</span><span>EYWORDS</span><span>: </span><span>Eucharist. Prayer. Dialogic analysis. Bakhtin. </span></p></div></div></div>
CRISTIANISMO HOJE: A CARITAS COMO EXISTENCIAL TEOLÓGICO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Ferreira Vicente De Paula , Carrara Paulo Sérgio 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>R</span><span>ESUMO </span></p><p><span>Parte da filosofia contemporanea assume a </span><span>caritas </span><span>como fundamento hermenêutico importante para os avanços da sociedade pós-moderna. De maneira especial, o pensamento enfraquecido de Gianni Vattimo privilegia a relação entre hermenêutica niilista e </span><span>kênosis </span><span>divina. Sugere que o amor cristão é o suporte para a contínua promoção de uma época fraterna. No entanto, a questão de sua fundamentação esbarra nos limites de uma racionalidade imanente, trazendo à luz a necessidade de se pensar também em sua dimensão transcendental. Por isso, o artigo busca colher as contribuições de uma leitura imanente da </span><span>caritas</span><span>, mostrando como a dimensão do dom divino, aprofunda-a e revela seu sentido teológico. Ou seja, o evento cristão manifesta, na vida de Cristo, a dignidade mais radical da antropologia, apresentando o amor como dom e tarefa salvífica. </span></p><p><span>P</span><span>ALAVRAS</span><span>-C</span><span>HAVE</span><span>:</span><span>Pensamento Enfraquecido. Caritas. Transcendência. Solidariedade. Cristianismo. </span></p><p><span>A</span><span>BSTRACT </span></p><p><span>Part of contemporary philosophy takes the caritas as important hermeneutical foundation for advances in post-modern society. In a special way, weakening philosophy from Gianni Vattimo focuses on the relationship between nihilistic hermeneutics and divine kenosis. Propone that Christian love is support for the continued promotion of a fraternal society. However, the question of the foundation comes up in the limits of an immanent rationality, bringing to light, the need to think about its transcendental dimension. Therefore, the article seeks to collect the contributions of an immanent reading of caritas, showing how the dimension of the divine gift, deepens it and reveals its theological sense. So, the christian event indicates in the life of Christ, the most radical dignity of anthropology presenting love as a gift and saving task. </span></p><p><span>K</span><span>EYWORDS</span><span>: </span><span>Weakened Thought. Caritas. Transcendence. Solidarity. Christianity. </span></p></div></div></div>
EUCARISTIA, ENCONTRO(S) COM O(S) OUTRO(S): CRISTO, OS IRMÃOS NA FÉ, TODOS OS SERES HUMANOS
Authors: De Camargos Moacir Lopes 
Published: February 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p>O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a questão da alteridade tendo como principal apoio teórico o texto Para uma filosofia do ato responsável do pensador russo Bakhtin (2010). A reflexão que este texto traz, ainda que realizada de uma forma breve, busca mostrar o que podemos compreender sobre tal questão a partir de um viés religioso. Para isso, busco referenciais bíblicos para discutir como o outro/diferente nos constitui, mais especificamente, de que maneira compreendê-lo a partir do ritual da eucaristia presente na missa católica. Enfim, o que podemos aprender do diálogo proposto é que devemos não simplesmente tolerar o outro/diferente, mas respeitá-lo.</p></div></div><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>P</span><span>ALAVRAS</span><span>-</span><span>CHAVE</span><span>: </span><span>Alteridade. Diálogo. Respeito. </span></p><p><span>A</span><span>BSTRACT </span></p><p><span>The aim of this article is to discuss the issue of otherness having as main theoretical support the text "Para uma filosofia do ato responsável" of the Russian thinker Bakhtin (2010). The reflection that this text brings,even if carried out briefly,seeks to show what we can understand about this issue from a religious slant. For that, I'm looking for Biblical references to discuss how the other/different forms us, more specifically, how to understand him from the ritual of the Eucharist present in the Catholic mass. Anyway, what can we learn from the proposed dialogue is that we should not simply tolerate the other/different, but respect him. </span><span>K</span><span>EYWORDS</span><span>: </span><span>Otherness. Dialogue. Respect. </span></p><p><span>R</span><span>ESUMÉ </span></p><p><span>Le but de cet article est de discuter de la question de l’altérité avec, comme soutien théorique principal, le texte : pour une philosophie de l’acte responsable, du penseur russe Bakhtine (2010). La réflexion que ce texte apporte, même si effectuée brièvement, est de montrer ce que nous pouvons comprendre au sujet de cette question à partir d’un point de vue religieux. Pour cela, je cherche les références bibliques pour discuter de la façon dont l’autre/le différent nous définit, mais plus spécifiquement sur la manière de le comprendre à partir du rituel de l’Eucharistie présent dans la messe catholique. Quoi qu’il en soit, ce que nous pouvons apprendre du dialogue proposé est que nous devons non simplement tolérer l’autre/le différent , mais le respecter. </span></p><p><span>M</span><span>OTS</span><span>-</span><span>CLÉS </span><span>: </span><span>Altérité. Dialogue. Respect. </span></p></div></div></div>
La réhabilitation des rivières urbaines au Québec
Authors: Castonguay Stéphane 
Published: February 2016

Depuis les années 1970, des mobilisations citoyennes et des interventions gouvernementales donnent lieu à une série de projets de décontamination et de réhabilitation des rivières urbaines. Prenant place dans un contexte de montée des préoccupations environnementales, ces projets semblent signaler une reconquête des fronts d’eau par une population urbaine qui en aurait été privée par le passé. Dans cet article, nous examinons les relations que les populations urbaines entretiennent envers leurs environnements fluviaux dans le temps long pour deux tributaires situés de part et d’autre du fleuve Saint-Laurent et qui traversent deux villes de taille moyenne du Québec : Shawinigan, pour la rivière Saint-Maurice, sur la rive nord, et Drummondville, pour la rivière Saint-François, sur la rive sud. Par cette démarche, nous souhaitons montrer la façon dont les types de relations que les populations entretiennent avec les rivières, plutôt que de se succéder dans le temps, se juxtaposent. De même, nous souhaitons dégager les facteurs qui modulent l’intensité des mobilisations entourant le processus continuel d’appropriation des berges et des cours d’eau.
Le Up and down de Tracadie-Sheila, Nouveau-Brunswick. Un rituel automobile au coeur de la ville
Authors: Mclaughlin Gilbert , Traisnel Christophe 
Published: February 2016

Cette étude est une recherche ethnographique au coeur d’un « rituel automobile » unique en son genre, le up and down. Agençant la promenade et la rencontre, cette activité de rassemblement marginal dans le nord-est du Nouveau-Brunswick est un exemple de la rencontre de l’automobile et du social. Par-delà l’ethnographie de ce phénomène social, l’objectif est de s’interroger sur l’origine, la nature, le contenu et l’enjeu de ces « rituels sociaux » de la modernité individualiste. On cherche alors à illustrer comment peut se structurer dans ses diverses dimensions – communautaires, identitaires ou politiques – un véritable « rituel moderne ». À l’heure où les anciennes formes d’échanges sociaux sont ébranlées, on souhaite rendre intelligible l’évolution des rituels sociaux qui se sont adaptés à la modernité. En étudiant l’activité du up and down, on espère parvenir à une meilleure compréhension de la voiture comme véritable objet social.
Establishing a Professionalism Score in an Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Curriculum
Authors: Snider Karen T. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
As osteopathic medical education shifts to competency-based learning, course curriculums must adapt to measure behavioral milestones in addition to traditional knowledge and technical skills. Of the core competencies, medical professionalism or lack thereof has been shown to correlate with future state disciplinary board action; therefore, early identification of poor professionalism and intervention is imperative. However, performance indicators, such as humanistic behavior and primacy of patient need, are difficult to measure in most first- and second-year medical school courses. Therefore, A.T. Still University–Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine developed a rubric to objectively measure professionalism within the first- and second-year osteopathic manipulative medicine curriculum. The rubric assesses such measures as timeliness and professional appearance. In the present article, the author describes the grading rubric and the methods for implementing a professionalism score within an osteopathic manipulative medicine curriculum.
First-principles theory of Si(110)-(16 × 2) surface reconstruction for unveiling origin of pentagonal scanning tunneling microscopy images
Authors: Yamasaki Takahiro , Kato Koichi , Uda Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Takenori , Ohno Takahisa 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The origin of the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) zigzag chain structures composed of pairs of pentagons on the Si(110)-(16 × 2) surface is unveiled through the first-principles calculation method. Stable Si(110) surface structures, on both flat and stepped surfaces, have been discovered. The energy gain of the stable step structure is larger than those of previously proposed models by 5.0 eV/(16 × 2) cell or more. The structure consists of buckled tetramers, heptagonal rings, tetragonal rings, and threefold-coordinated Si atoms, but no pentagonal rings. It reproduces the experimental STM images only when frequent flip-floppings of the buckled tetramers at room temperature are considered.