bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Modic changes in the lumbar vertebrae and their associations with workload, smoking and weight in northern China
Authors: Han Chao , Kuang Ming-jie , Ma Jian-xiong , Ma Xin-long 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe distribution of Modic changes (MCs) in the lumbar endplates and the evaluation of the relationships between MCs and risk factors are vital for research into MCs. The T1-weighted and T2-weighted sagittal MRI scans of 210 patients who exhibited lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration were retrospectively reviewed. The patients’ weights, genders, smoking statuses, physical activity levels and specific types of MC were recorded. The associations between MCs and risk factors, such as physical work, smoking and body mass index, were also analysed. MCs were observed in 47 patients (22.4%), including 16 males and 31 females. Among all patients, the L5/S1 lumbar level was most likely to suffer MCs. The MCs were predominantly type II. MCs occurred more often in obese patients than in normal and overweight patients (P < 0.05). Patients whose jobs required heavy labour were more likely to develop MCs (P < 0.05). Heavy work and obesity were related to type III MCs more strongly than the other types (P > 0.05). Smoking seemed not to be correlated with the incidence of MCs (P > 0.05). Gender, obesity and heavy work were strongly associated with MCs. Biomechanical factors may play a critical role in the development of MCs.
Lignin-graft-Polyoxazoline Conjugated Triazole a Novel Anti-Infective Ointment to Control Persistent Inflammation
Authors: Mahata Denial , Jana Malabendu , Jana Arundhuti , Mukherjee Abhishek , Mondal Nibendu , Saha Tilak , Sen Subhajit , Nando Golok B. , Mukhopadhyay Chinmay K. , Chakraborty Ranadhir , Mandal Santi M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLignin, one of the most abundant renewable feedstock, is used to develop a biocompatible hydrogel as anti-infective ointment. A hydrophilic polyoxazoline chain is grafted through ring opening polymerization, possess homogeneous spherical nanoparticles of 10–15 nm. The copolymer was covalently modified with triazole moiety to fortify the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. The hydrogel was capable of down regulating the expression level of IL-1β in LPS induced macrophage cells, and to cause significant reduction of iNOS production. It supported cellular anti-inflammatory activity which was confirmed with luciferase assay, western blot, and NF-κB analysis. This novel lignin-based hydrogel testedin-vivohas shown the abilities to prevent infection of burn wound, aid healing, and an anti-inflammatory dressing material. The hydrogel reported here provides a new material platform to introduce a cost-effective and efficient ointment option after undertaking further work to look at its use in the area of clinical practice.
Scenario dependence of future changes in climate extremes under 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming
Authors: Wang Zhili , Lin Lei , Zhang Xiaoye , Zhang Hua , Liu Liangke , Xu Yangyang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe 2015 Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming below 2 °C and pursue efforts to even limit it to 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. Decision makers need reliable information on the impacts caused by these warming levels for climate mitigation and adaptation measures. We explore the changes in climate extremes, which are closely tied to economic losses and casualties, under 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming and their scenario dependence using three sets of ensemble global climate model simulations. A warming of 0.5 °C (from 1.5 °C to 2 °C) leads to significant increases in temperature and precipitation extremes in most regions. However, the projected changes in climate extremes under both warming levels highly depend on the pathways of emissions scenarios, with different greenhouse gas (GHG)/aerosol forcing ratio and GHG levels. Moreover, there are multifold differences in several heavily polluted regions, among the scenarios, in the changes in precipitation extremes due to an additional 0.5 °C warming from 1.5 °C to 2 °C. Our results demonstrate that the chemical compositions of emissions scenarios, not just the total radiative forcing and resultant warming level, must be considered when assessing the impacts of global 1.5/2 °C warming.
Development and validation of a prognostic model for predicting 30-day mortality risk in medical patients in emergency department (ED)
Authors: Ha Duc T. , Dang Tam Q. , Tran Ngoc V. , Pham Thao N. T. , Nguyen Nguyen D. , Nguyen Tuan V. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe primary aim of this prospective study is to develop and validate a new prognostic model for predicting the risk of mortality in Emergency Department (ED) patients. The study involved 1765 patients in the development cohort and 1728 in the validation cohort. The main outcome was mortality up to 30 days after admission. Potential risk factors included clinical characteristics, vital signs, and routine haematological and biochemistry tests. The Bayesian Model Averaging method within the Cox’s regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for mortality. In the development cohort, the incidence of 30-day mortality was 9.8%, and the following factors were associated with a greater risk of mortality: male gender, increased respiratory rate and serum urea, decreased peripheral oxygen saturation and serum albumin, lower Glasgow Coma Score, and admission to intensive care unit. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the model with the listed factors was 0.871 (95% CI, 0.844–0.898) in the development cohort and 0.783 (95% CI, 0.743–0.823) in the validation cohort. Calibration analysis found a close agreement between predicted and observed mortality risk. We conclude that the risk of mortality among ED patients could be accurately predicted by using common clinical signs and biochemical tests.
The Impact of Treatments for Depression on the Dynamic Network Structure of Mental States: Two Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Snippe Evelien , Viechtbauer Wolfgang , Geschwind Nicole , Klippel Annelie , de Jonge Peter , Wichers Marieke 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEvidence is growing that vulnerability to depression may be characterized by strong negative feedback loops between mental states. It is unknown whether such dynamics between mental states can be altered by treatment. This study examined whether treatment with imipramine or treatment with Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) reduces the connectivity within dynamic networks of mental states in individuals with depressive symptoms. In the Imipramine trial, individuals diagnosed with major depression were randomized to imipramine treatment or placebo-pill treatment (n = 50). In the Mind-Maastricht trial, individuals with residual depressive symptoms were randomized to Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) or to a waiting-list control condition (n = 119). Lagged associations among mental states, as assessed with the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), were estimated at baseline and post-intervention. The results show that few of the dynamic network connections changed significantly over time and few of the changes after MBCT and imipramine treatment differed significantly from the control groups. The decrease in average node connectivity after MBCT did not differ from the decrease observed in the waiting-list control group. Our findings suggest that imipramine treatment and MBCT do not greatly change the dynamic network structure of mental states, even though they do reduce depressive symptomatology.
Urinary and Fecal Metabonomics Study of the Protective Effect of Chaihu-Shu-Gan-San on Antibiotic-Induced Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Rats
Authors: Yu Meng , Jia Hong-Mei , Zhou Chao , Yang Yong , Sun Li-Li , Zou Zhong-Mei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota dysbiosis and their host metabolic phenotype alteration is an important factor in human disease development. A traditional Chinese herbal formula, Chaihu-Shu-Gan-San (CSGS), has been effectively used in the treatment of various gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. The present study was carried out to investigate whether CSGS modulates the host metabolic phenotype under the condition of gut microbiota dysbiosis. The metabonomics studies of biochemical changes in urine and feces of antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis rats after treatment with CSGS were performed using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) indicated that the CSGS treatment reduced the metabolic phenotype perturbation induced by antibiotic. In addition, there was a strong correlation between gut microbiota genera and urinary and fecal metabolites. Moreover, the correlation analysis and the metabolic pathway analysis (MetPA) identified that three key metabolic pathways including glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and bile acid metabolism were the most relevant pathways involved in antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. These findings provided a comprehensive understanding of the protective effects of CSGS on the host metabolic phenotype of the gut microbiota dysbiosis rats, and further as a new source for drug leads in gut microbiota-targeted disease management.
Data Intensive Genome Level Analysis for Identifying Novel, Non-Toxic Drug Targets for Multi Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kaur Divneet , Kutum Rintu , Dash Debasis , Brahmachari Samir K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe report the construction of a novel Systems Biology based virtual drug discovery model for the prediction of non-toxic metabolic targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This is based on a data-intensive genome level analysis and the principle of conservation of the evolutionarily important genes. In the 1623 sequenced Mtb strains, 890 metabolic genes identified through a systems approach in Mtb were evaluated for non-synonymous mutations. The 33 genes showed none or one variation in the entire 1623 strains, including 1084 Russian MDR strains. These invariant targets were further evaluated for their experimental and in silico essentiality as well as availability of their crystal structure in Protein Data Bank (PDB). Along with this, targets for the common existing antibiotics and the new Tb drug candidates were also screened for their variation across 1623 strains of Mtb for understanding the drug resistance. We propose that the reduced set of these reported targets could be a more effective starting point for medicinal chemists in generating new chemical leads. This approach has the potential of fueling the dried up Tuberculosis (Tb) drug discovery pipeline.
Aptamer-mediated impairment of EGFR-integrin αvβ3 complex inhibits vasculogenic mimicry and growth of triple-negative breast cancers
Authors: Camorani Simona , Crescenzi Elvira , Gramanzini Matteo , Fedele Monica , Zannetti Antonella , Cerchia Laura 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCurrent treatment options for triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) is limited by the absence of well-defined biomarkers, excluding a targeted therapy. Notably, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in a great proportion of TNBCs and is a negative prognostic factor. In clinical trials, however, existing EGFR inhibitors showed disappointing outcome. Oligonucleotide aptamers are a valid alternative to antibodies for diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Here, we prove that, when applied to aggressive TNBC cell lines with unique stem-like plasticity, the anti-EGFR CL4 aptamer, but not erlotinib or cetuximab, prevents the vasculogenic mimicry (VM) capability of the cells and destroys previously formed channels in three-dimensional culture. Notably, we found that CL4 impairs the matrix-induced integrin αvβ3 interaction with EGFR and integrin αvβ3-dependent cell adhesion. Consistently, the aptamer strongly inhibits VM and tumor growth in a xenograft TNBC model. These data suggest that in TNBC cells, EGFR may cooperate with integrin αvβ3 to regulate integrin binding to extracellular ligands required for VM, and EGFR-targeting by CL4 aptamer may counteract this event. Overall, we demonstrate a novel mechanism of action for CL4 related with integrin αvβ3-EGFR interaction, that may help to develop new oligonucleotide-based strategy addressing unmet need for TNBCs therapy.
Experimental investigation of the effect of partial shading on photovoltaic performance
Authors: Mamun Mohammad Abdullah Al , Hasanuzzaman Md , Selvaraj Jeyraj 
Published: April 2017

Partial shading of a photovoltaic (PV) installation has an inconsistent impact on power production. This study investigates the effect of partial shading on PV performance. The experiments were carried out with a 90‐W PV module under both variable and constant irradiations with shaded area increased from 0 to 80% to observe the effect of variable solar radiation at certain shading points. The effect of shading under irradiation levels from 300 to 800 W/m2 was investigated. At a 600 W/m2 irradiation level, the shading impact factor was 1.25 with a 25% shading, while at 75% shading the impact factor decreased to 0.86. Results also show that for every 100 W/m2 increase in irradiation level, the electrical power output was enhanced by 3.89, 3.37, 2.27, and 2.02 W at 0, 25, 50, and 75% shading, respectively. The efficiency level was increased by 0.29, 0.27, 0.25, and 0.22% at 0, 25, 50, and 75% shading, respectively. Increasing the shaded area by 10% causes a 12.41 W drop in power output and a 2.3% drop in electrical efficiency. Partial shading not only deteriorates the PV performance, but also causes long‐term degradation of the module.
“Dupatta” Entanglement: Cause of Head Injury in Female Pillion Riders on Motorcycles
Authors: Shinde Sushilkumar , Sharma Rajesh , Bhaskar S. , Chaudhary Ajay 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRoad traffic accidents are a major cause of head injury. Direct head-on collision, hit by vehicle, and overturning of vehicle are some of the modes of road traffic accidents leading to head injury. A dupatta is an accessory worn by many females in the Indian subcontinent. It is wrapped around the neck like a scarf. It can get entangled in the vehicle leading to skidding of vehicle and consequent traumatic injury. There are many reported cases of cervical spine injury by this mechanism. However, this can also result in head injury due to direct impact. In this article we report two cases of head injury caused by entanglement of dupatta in the tire of a two-wheeler vehicle. In both cases the dupatta got entangled in the tire of vehicle leading to skidding of bike and then leading to head injury.
Further Clinical Delineation of the MEF2C Haploinsufficiency Syndrome: Report on New Cases and Literature Review of Severe Neurodevelopmental Disorders Presenting with Seizures, Absent Speech, and Involuntary Movements
Authors: Vrečar Irena , Innes Josie , Jones Elizabeth , Kingston Helen , Reardon William , Kerr Bronwyn , Clayton-Smith Jill , Douzgou Sofia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMutations in the MEF2C (myocyte enhancer factor 2) gene have been established as a cause for an intellectual disability syndrome presenting with seizures, absence of speech, stereotypic movements, hypotonia, and limited ambulation. Phenotypic overlap with Rett's and Angelman's syndromes has been noted. Following the first reports of 5q14.3q15 microdeletions encompassing the MEF2C gene, further cases with point mutations and partial gene deletions of the MEF2C gene have been described. We present the clinical phenotype of our cohort of six patients with MEF2C mutations and compare our findings with previously reported patients as well as with a growing number of genetic conditions presenting with a severe neurodevelopmental, Rett-like, phenotype. We aim to add to the current knowledge of the natural history of the “MEF2C haploinsufficiency syndrome” as well as of the differential diagnosis, clinical management, and genetic counseling in this diagnostically challenging group of patients.
Innovative E-Health-Ansätze für komorbide Depressionen bei Patienten mit Adipositas: Nutzungsakzeptanz aus Patienten- und Expertenperspektive
Authors: Löbner Margrit , Stein Janine , Rost Theresia , Förster Franziska , Dorow Marie , Keller Jana , Weidauer Enrico , Riedel-Heller Steffi 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Untersuchung der Nutzungsakzeptanz eines internetbasierten Selbstmanagementprogramms für Depressionen.
Methodik Durchführung qualitativer Patienteninterviews (N = 7) und einer Expertenfokusgruppe (N = 12 Experten).
Ergebnisse Internetprogramme stellen einen komplementären Behandlungsbaustein dar. Gewünscht werden folgende Themenverknüpfungen: Übergewicht, Bewegung, Depression und sozialer Austausch.
Schlussfolgerung Patienten- und Expertenurteile zeigen eine hohe Nutzungsakzeptanz. Eine Implementation solcher Programme sollte soziale und körperliche Aspekte berücksichtigen.
Tanshinol Alleviates Osteoporosis and Myopathy in Glucocorticoid-Treated Rats
Authors: Chen Guanghua , Zhang Xinle , Lin Han , Huang Guizhi , Chen Yahui , Cui Liao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTanshinol is a major water-soluble active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether tanshinol has potential therapeutic effects against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and glucocorticoid-induced myopathy. Ninety-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: a control group, a model group, and three model groups treated with 25 or 50 mg/kg of tanshinol, or calcitriol. All model groups received prednisone acetate for 90 days to induce glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Afterwards, all animals underwent a surgical procedure to induce bone defects at the right proximal tibia. Prednisone treatment was stopped after surgery, but tanshinol or calcitriol treatment was continued to the endpoint. At the experimental endpoint, compared to the model group, 25 mg/kg tanshinol could significantly reverse glucocorticoid-induced loss of bone mineral density by 12.5 %, while enhancing mechanical bone strength, causing a significant 11 % increase in trabecular number, and reducing trabecular separation by 28 %. In addition, tanshinol improved the bone microarchitecture and prevented glucocorticoid-induced bone loss by promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. Moreover, results of bone defect repair and muscle weight measurements revealed that tanshinol accelerated the bone fracture healing process and attenuated muscle atrophy caused by glucocorticoid. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed a 1-fold upregulation in mRNA levels of transforming growth factor beta and roughly 6-fold increases in vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression in calluses from the tanshinol groups. Tanshinol also preserved muscular ubiquitin mRNA levels from glucocorticoid-induced elevation. These findings demonstrate the potential benefits of tanshinol against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and glucocorticoid-induced myopathy, which warrants further investigation in future studies.
SHPRH regulates rRNA transcription by recognizing the histone code in an mTOR-dependent manner
Authors: Lee Deokjae , An Jungeun , Park Young-Un , Liaw Hungjiun , Woodgate Roger , Park Jun Hong , Myung Kyungjae 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which composes the ribosome with other proteins, is tightly regulated to maintain the right number of ribosomes. Many DNA repair proteins have functions in addition to their role in DNA repair. We provide evidence that SHPRH functioning in DNA repair at stalled DNA replication forks recognizes epigenetic histone codes of rDNA through its plant homeodomain (PHD) and modulates 47S rRNA transcription. SHPRH bound to rDNA promoters and promoted RNA polymerase I recruitment for rRNA transcription. SHPRH localization to the rDNA promoter was inhibited by trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4, which is a mark of the rDNA promoter at poised status on starvation. Collectively, we suggest a mechanism controlling 47S rRNA transcription by SHPRH in a histone methylation-dependent manner.
Environmental education after sustainability: hope in the midst of tragedy
Authors: Pihkala Panu 
Published: April 2017

In this article, I discuss the challenge posed to environmental education (EE; and education for sustainable development) by the thinkers who see the situation of the world as so severe that ‘sustainability’ is an outdated concept.My approach is interdisciplinary and I discuss especially the connections between EE and eco-psychology. Based on psychological research, I argue that the wide-scale unconscious anxiety, which people experience, should be taken very seriously in EE. My discussion thus contributes in a new kind of way to a long-standing key issue in EE, the gap between people's values and the perceived action.Scholars of eco-anxiety have argued that instead of not caring, many people in fact care too much, and have to resort to psychological defenses of denial and disavowal. Thus, the question in EE is not anymore whether EE should deal with anxiety, for anxiety is already there. The prevailing attitude in EE writing is right in emphasizing positive matters and empowerment, but the relation between hope and optimism must be carefully thought about and a certain sense of tragedy must be included. Therefore, my article participates in the discussion about the role of ‘fear appeals’ in EE.My discussion is directed to anyone who wants to understand the reasons for inaction and the ways in which these may be overcome.
Introduction
Authors: McMillen Christian W. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
What are pandemics? The National Institutes of Health proposed pandemics must meet eight criteria: wide geographic extension, disease movement, high attack rates and explosiveness, minimal population immunity, novelty, infectiousness, contagiousness, and severity. The introduction explains that much of the way we confront pandemics now has been shaped by the past history of pandemic and epidemic disease. There is a clear relationship between disease and social conditions, conditions that do not exist everywhere and that will not be alleviated with biomedicine. The question of susceptibility—who gets a disease and why—is also important. Epidemics and pandemics cannot occur without a dense and mobile population.
Malaria
Authors: McMillen Christian W. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Malaria originated in Africa and is caused by an infection with the plasmodium protozoan. Five types have infected humans; Plasmodium falciparum is the most lethal and is responsible for the vast majority of global malaria deaths. ‘Malaria’ outlines the spread of malaria from Africa, into Europe and the New World. Generally, agricultural and rural development has been responsible for the proliferation of malaria, but poor sanitation and stagnant water can make malaria an urban disease. Vector and parasite control is described, along with the World Health Organization’s Malaria Eradication Program and attempts to stem malaria with treated bed nets and more effective drugs.
Attrition and exhaustion
Authors: Echevarria Antulio J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Two of the more frequently used military strategies are attrition and exhaustion. Attrition means reducing an adversary’s physical capacity to fight; exhaustion entails wearing down the opponent’s willingness to do so. Both strategies can mean long wars, imposing heavy burdens on a nation’s population and economy, meaning they are not always culturally acceptable or economically practical. The Allies’ strategy in the Second World War is a modern example of attrition. A strategy of exhaustion can take several forms: blockades, sieges, guerrilla warfare, and “scorched earth” policies that destroy the physical ground an attacker might use. Physical and political geographies in the region will affect the implementation of either strategy.