bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in physical activity among Canadian adults more than 6 months into the COVID-19 pandemic: a secondary analysis of the INTERACT cohort study
Authors: Sturrock Shelby , Gesink Dionne , Winters Meghan , Kestens Yan , Stanley Kevin , Moineddin Rahim , Woodruff Sarah , Fuller Daniel 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo estimate the effect of (a) the COVID-19 pandemic and (b) COVID-19 restriction stringency on daily minutes of device-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).DesignPhysical activity data were collected from the INTerventions, Equity, Research and Action in Cities Team (INTERACT) cohorts in Montreal, Saskatoon and Vancouver before (May 2018 to February 2019, ‘phase 1’) and during the pandemic (October 2020 to February 2021, ‘phase 2’). We estimated the effect of the two exposures by comparing daily MVPA measured (a) before vs during the pandemic (phase 1 vs phase 2) and (b) at different levels of COVID-19 restriction stringency during phase 2. Separate mixed effects negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the association between each exposure and daily MVPA, with and without controlling for confounders. Analyses were conducted on person-days with at least 600 min of wear time. Effect modification by gender, age, income, employment status, education, children in the home and city was assessed via stratification.SettingMontreal (Quebec), Saskatoon (Saskatchewan) and Vancouver (British Columbia), Canada.Main outcome measureDaily minutes of MVPA, as measured using SenseDoc, a research-grade accelerometer device.ResultsDaily minutes of MVPA were 21% lower in phase 2 (October 2020 to February 2021) compared with phase 1 (May 2018 to February 2019), controlling for gender, age, employment status, household income, education, city, weather and wear time (rate ratio=0.79, 95% CI 0.69, 0.92). This did not appear to be driven by changes in the sample or timing of data collection between phases. The results suggested effect modification by employment, household income and education. Restriction stringency was not associated with daily MVPA between October 2020 and February 2021 (adjusted rate ratio=0.99, 95% CI 0.96, 1.03).ConclusionsBetween October 2020 and February 2021, daily minutes of MVPA were significantly lower than 2 years prior, but were not associated with daily COVID-19 restriction stringency.
Cohort profile: Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital maternal HIV cohort, Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Technau Karl-Günter , Maskew Mhairi , Nattey Cornelius , Hwang Candice , van Dongen Nicola , Ferreira Brizido Thalia , Wise Amy 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThe Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital (RMMCH) maternal HIV cohort originated from data systems that were developed to support HIV-related birth care and track outcomes of a complete birth cohort of HIV-exposed infants at Rahima Moosa Hospital and their mothers living with HIV.ParticipantsSupported by the Empilweni Services and Research Unit, maternal and infant data from 13 654 pregnant women living with HIV who delivered their infants (and a subset also attended antenatal care) were collected at RMMCH in Johannesburg, South Africa since 2013. Maternal data were collected using counsellor-administered interviews and the 2013–2018 subset of this cohort was linked to the National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) national HIV cohort—a longitudinal cohort of people living with HIV accessing care in the public sector antiretroviral therapy programme in South Africa that can observe national access to HIV care through laboratory testing data.Findings to dateTopics addressed by the cohort include antenatal care history, HIV treatment exposure, delivery/birth management, prophylaxis and maternal blood results relevant to HIV captured at delivery. The cohort was also one of the first to describe implementation of early infant diagnosis procedures in South Africa including evaluations of novel point-of-care testing strategies demonstrating improvements in uptake of HIV care among infants accessing point-of-care services.Future plansAnnual linkage of infant delivery and testing data to longitudinal laboratory test data in the NHLS national HIV cohort is planned to allow for analysis of both infant continuity of care outcomes and as well as evaluation of maternal-infant pair treatment and mobility outcomes in the post partum and later period.
Is there a sufficient supply of clinical academics for UK medical schools? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Waldock William J , Hughes Elizabeth , Dacre Jane , Sam Amir H 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesClinical academics lead research to deliver medical advancements while also teaching in medical schools to maintain high-quality medical services. The objective of this project was to determine if there is a sufficient supply of clinical academics for UK medical schools.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingData were extracted from the UK Medical Education Database and the General Medical Council (GMC) annual National Trainee Survey between 2012 and 2022.Participants1769 registered UK doctors with academic training and a certificate of completion of training.Main outcome measureThe percentage of doctors with clinical and academic training who ended up as incumbent clinical academics at UK medical schools.ResultsApproximately 50% of doctors with clinical and academic training were matched as incumbent clinical academics at UK medical schools. There was a low annual rate of incumbent clinical academics leaving their post.ConclusionEither clinical academic trainees do not find jobs at medical schools, or they do not want the jobs that are available. These results are indicative but not conclusive as generalisation is compromised by inconsistent disclosure of data by medical schools. We discuss variables which may contribute to the loss of clinical academics and explore the health economic case for clinical academic incentive packages to improve return on training investment.
Determination of appropriate policy targets to reduce the prevalence of stunting in children under five years of age in urban-poor communities in Indonesia: a secondary data analysis of the 2022 Indonesian national nutritional status survey
Authors: Laksono Agung Dwi , Izza Nailul , Trisnani Trisnani , Paramita Astridya , Sholikhah Hidayad Heny , Andarwati Pramita , Rosyadi Khoirul , Wulandari Ratna Dwi 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveBased on previous studies, urban-poor societies are very vulnerable to stunted children under five. The study aims to determine the appropriate policy targets to reduce the prevalence of stunted under-five children in urban-poor communities in Indonesia.DesignA study was conducted using a secondary data analysis. The study analysed existing data from the 2022 Indonesian National Nutritional Status Survey.Setting and participantsAt the national level, Indonesia encompassed 43 284 toddlers.InterventionsNon-intervention study.Primary and secondary outcomesThe study’s eight independent factors were the mother’s age, education, marital status, employment, wealth, antenatal care (ANC), children’s age and sex, with nutritional status as the dependent variable. We employed a binary logistic regression test for the most recent exam.ResultsMaternal age was related to stunted toddlers in communities of urban poor in Indonesia. The lower the education, the higher the possibility of having stunted kids. Unemployed mothers were 1.153 times more likely than employed mothers to have stunted under-five children (95% CI 1.145 to 1.160). The poorest were 1.235 times more likely to get stunted under-five than the poorer (95% CI 1.227 to 1.242). Mothers without ANC during pregnancy were 1.212 times more likely to get stunted kids than those with ANC during pregnancy (95% CI 1.186 to 1.240). All kids' ages were more probable than 0–11 to be stunted. Boys were 1.099 times more likely to be stunted than girls (AOR 1.099; 95% CI 1.093 to 1.105).ConclusionThe appropriate policy targets to reduce the prevalence of stunted under-five children in urban-poor communities in Indonesia were younger mothers, those with poor education, those unemployed, the most impoverished, those without ANC, those with older under-five and those with boy kids.
Implementation of an electronic prospective surveillance model for cancer rehabilitation: a mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Lopez Christian , Neil-Sztramko Sarah E , Campbell Kristin L , Langelier David M , Strudwick Gillian , Bender Jackie L , Greenland Jonathan , Reiman Tony , Jones Jennifer M 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionAn electronic prospective surveillance model (ePSM) uses patient-reported outcomes to monitor impairments along the cancer pathway for timely management. Randomised controlled trials show that ePSMs can effectively manage cancer-related impairments. However, ePSMs are not routinely embedded into practice and evidence-based approaches to implement them are limited. As such, we developed and implemented an ePSM, called REACH, across four Canadian centres. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact and quality of the implementation of REACH and explore implementation barriers and facilitators.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a 16-month formative evaluation, using a single-arm mixed methods design to routinely monitor key implementation outcomes, identify barriers and adapt the implementation plan as required. Adult (≥18 years) breast, colorectal, lymphoma or head and neck cancer survivors will be eligible to register for REACH. Enrolled patients complete brief assessments of impairments over the course of their treatment and up to 2 years post-treatment and are provided with a personalised library of self-management education, community programmes and when necessary, suggested referrals to rehabilitation services. A multifaceted implementation plan will be used to implement REACH within each clinical context. We will assess several implementation outcomes including reach, acceptability, feasibility, appropriateness, fidelity, cost and sustainability. Quantitative implementation data will be collected using system usage data and evaluation surveys completed by patient participants. Qualitative data will be collected through focus groups with patient participants and interviews with clinical leadership and management, and analysis will be guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.Ethics and disseminationSite-specific ethics approvals were obtained. The results from this study will be presented at academic conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Additionally, knowledge translation materials will be co-designed with patient partners and will be disseminated to diverse knowledge users with support from our national and community partners.
Favourable humoral but reduced cellular immune response to COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Karabag Yilmaz Esra , Agbas Ayse , Canpolat Nur , Gunalp Aybuke , Sahin Sezgin , Ozbey Dogukan , Gulmez Ruveyda , Saygili Seha Kamil , Kocazeybek Bekir , Kasapcopur Ozgur , Caliskan Salim 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate both humoral and cellular immune responses to the COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA; BNT162b2) vaccine in patients with childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) compared with healthy controls and patient controls (kidney transplant (KTx) recipients).MethodsThis single-centre, cross-sectional and case–control study included 16 patients with cSLE, 19 healthy controls and 19 KTx recipients. We assessed SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral (anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, neutralising antibody (nAb)) and cellular (interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)) immune responses at least 1 month after administration of two doses of the mRNA vaccine.ResultsHumoral immune response rates (anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and nAb seropositivity) in patients with cSLE were comparable to healthy controls (100% vs 100% and 100% vs 95%, respectively) but significantly higher than in KTx recipients (74% and 42%, p<0.05 for both). Cellular immune response rate measured by IGRA was lower in patients with cSLE compared with healthy controls (56.3% vs 89.5%, p=0.050) and comparable to KTx recipients (63%). IGRA-negative patients with cSLE had significantly lower total leucocyte and lymphocyte counts at vaccination time as compared with their counterparts (p=0.008 and p=0.001, respectively). No differences were found in disease activity or immunosuppressive therapies between IGRA-negative and IGRA-positive patients with cSLE.ConclusionPatients with cSLE showed robust humoral but compromised cellular immune responses to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, associated with lower lymphocyte counts. These findings highlight the need for further research to enhance vaccine efficacy in this vulnerable group.
Autoantibodies, cutaneous subset and immunosuppressants contribute to the cancer risk in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Tonutti Antonio , Motta Francesca , Isailovic Natasa , Ceribelli Angela , Ragusa Rita , Nappi Emanuele , Bonovas Stefanos , Selmi Carlo , De Santis Maria 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is associated with an increased risk of cancer. We aimed to assess the prevalence of cancer in our cohort and to explore possible associations with clinical, immunological and treatment characteristics.MethodsOur retrospective monocentric cohort study of patients with SSc recorded prevalent and incident cases of malignancy, including those diagnosed within 3 years of the SSc onset (defined as cancer-associated scleroderma) and sought associations with the clinical characteristics and the serum autoantibody profiling performed using RNA and protein immunoprecipitation, Western-blot, immunoblot and ELISA at the time of SSc diagnosis, prior to any specific treatment.ResultsAmong 290 patients with SSc, the overall prevalence of cancer was 20%, with 8% of cases being cancer-associated scleroderma. Both conditions were more frequent in elderly patients and in patients with positive anti-Ro52 or anti-U3-RNP. Cancer-associated scleroderma was significantly more prevalent among patients negative for both anti-centromere (ACA) and anti-topoisomerase-1 (TOPO1) antibodies, especially in the case of diffuse SSc. Immunosuppressants were not significantly associated with cancer. Patients triple negative for ACA, TOPO1 and anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies had a significantly higher risk of breast cancer.ConclusionsCancer surveillance should be particularly careful in patients with diffuse SSc, increased age at disease onset and without classical SSc-related autoantibodies.
Abstract A004: Validation of the PREDICT breast version 3.0 prognostic tool in the US breast cancer patients
Authors: Hsiao Yi-Wen , Pharaoh Paul , Peng Pei-Chen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
PREDICT Breast v3 is the latest version of a prognostic tool designed to predict the treatment responses for early invasive breast cancer patients. It was developed using data from approximately 35,000 women diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 in the United Kingdom. However, its performance in the United States (US) population is unknown. This study aims to validate PREDICT Breast v3 using the newly released Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) outcome data for US breast cancer patients and to address potential health disparities. We selected over 860,000 female patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer between 2000 and 2021 and followed for at least 5 years from the SEER database. The model’s performance was measured by calibration and discrimination; comparing predicted and observed 5-, 10- and 15-year breast cancer-specific survival outcomes and determining discrimination through the area under the receiver-operator curves (AUC). PREDICT Breast v3 demonstrated good calibration and discrimination for both short- and long-term up breast cancer-specific mortality in US populations. The predicted 10-year breast cancer-specific mortality differed from observed by 11% in ER-positive and 6 % in ER-negative patients. The AUCs for 15-year breast cancer-specific mortality were 0.81 for ER-positive patients and 0.76 for ER-negative patients. When stratified by race and ethnicity, the model showed strong performance in Non-Hispanic Asians ER-positive patients, despite being originally developed based on the UK population. These results are consistent with previous validations in Malaysia, Japan, and other Asian countries for PREDICT Breast v2. However, the model poorly estimated the number of deaths in Non-Hispanic Black individuals for both ER-positive and ER-negative. In conclusion, this study marks the first validation of PREDICT Breast v3 in the US and demonstrates that it is a reliable and generalizable tool, capable of providing longer term follow-up time up to 15 years for a wide and diverse population.
Citation Format: Yi-Wen Hsiao, Paul Pharaoh, Pei-Chen Peng. Validation of the PREDICT breast version 3.0 prognostic tool in the US breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A004.
Abstract A017: Social, behavioral and clinical risk factors are associated with clonal hematopoiesis
Authors: Young Corey D. , Hubbard Aubrey K. , Saint-Maurice Pedro , Chan Irenaeus , Bolton Kelly L. , Chanock Stephen J. , Matthews Charles , Moore Steven C. , Loftfield Erikka , Machiela Mitchell J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Risk factors including smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity (PA), and sleep patterns have been associated with cancer risk. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH), including mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), is linked to increased hematopoietic cancer risk, and could be used as common pre-clinical intermediates for better understanding associations of risk factors with rare hematologic malignancies. Understanding the interplay between these factors and preneoplastic hematopoietic expansion can provide insights into health disparities. Leveraging data from 485,028 UK Biobank participants without hematologic malignancies, our multivariable adjusted analyses reinforced smoking as a potent modifiable risk factor for multiple CH types where dose-dependent relationships with smoking-intensity and duration persisted post-cessation. Additionally, males in socially deprived areas of England had lower risk of mosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY) (OR = 0.997, 95%CI: [0.995-0.996], p = 4.88×10-7), females with moderate/high alcohol consumption (2-3 drinks/day) had increased mLOX risk (OR = 1.16, 95%CI: [1.086-1.24], p =1.21×10-5) compared to light drinkers, active males (moderate-high PA) had elevated risks of mLOY (PA Category 3: OR = 1.06, 95%CI: [1.03-1.088], p = 7.7×10-6) and men with high BMI (≥40) had reduced risk of mLOY (OR = 0.579, 95%CI: [0.515-0.65], p = 3.29×10-20). Sensitivity analyses with BMI adjustment attenuated the effect in the mLOY-PA associations (IPAQ2: OR = 1.037, 95%CI: [1.005-1.069], p = 2.13×10-2 and IPAQ3: OR = 1.036, 95%CI: [1.009-1.063], p = 7.77×10-3). Our study identified associations between CH, SD, smoking, alcohol consumption, and PA. As CH is an intermediate marker for hematologic cancer risk, our findings suggest social, behavioral and clinical exposures could contribute to common types of CH as well as potentially with rare hematologic cancers. Addressing these factors could be crucial in reducing hematologic cancer risk through clonal mechanisms and mitigating cancer disparities.
Citation Format: Corey D. Young, Aubrey K. Hubbard, Pedro Saint-Maurice, Irenaeus Chan, Kelly L. Bolton, Stephen J. Chanock, Charles Matthews, Steven C. Moore, Erikka Loftfield, Mitchell J. Machiela. Social, behavioral and clinical risk factors are associated with clonal hematopoiesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A017.
Abstract A045: Pan-viral serological characterization in African Americans and European Americans with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ewa Theressa , Leet Whitney , Wang Limin , Forgues Marshonna , Wang Xin Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often diagnosed at late-stages, particularly among African Americans (AA). Poor screening and diagnosis are key factors that contribute to worse prognoses and disproportionately high mortality rates. We propose investigating viral exposure history as a potential useful screening method. Additionally, by accounting for neighborhood deprivation index (NDI), a metric for differences in socio-economic statuses, we can potentially mitigate this disparity. With NDI and viral exposure history, our study aims to assess HCC prognoses in racially disparate populations. We used a technique called VirScan, which conjugates Phage-Immunoprecipitation (PhIP) and DNA-sequencing, to profile the antibody repertoire against a viral epitope library. Analyzing serum and plasma samples from population controls (PC), individuals at high-risk for developing HCC (HR), and HCC cases, we performed VirScan on 524 AA (272 PC, 205 HR, and 47 HCC) and 342 European Americans (EA) (141 PC, 130 HR, and 71 HCC) participants from the NCI-UMD cohort between 2009-2020 from the greater Baltimore area (NCT00913757; clinicaltrials.gov). We used XGBoost, a machine- learning model, to classify viral features that can discriminate HCC cases from PC group. XGBoost predicted 31 important viral features which distinguish HCC from PC. Of the 31 viral features, 6 viruses were different between AA and EA (FDR &lt; 0.05). To determine the extent to which socio-economic factors contribute to the cancer disparities, we gathered variables from the 1999 census tract as contributors to deprivation. We used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine loadings of these contributor variables; composite of the final variables is derived as NDI. Comparing across groups, we find that average NDI is highest in HR group (x = 0.33), followed by HCC group (x = 0.21), then PC group (x = 0.19). We find that NDI for AA is significantly higher in HCC group (p = 1.3e-09), HR group (p &lt; 2.2e-16), and PC group (p = 5.0e-10) when compared to that of EA. Thus, we demonstrate that both the viral exposure history and NDI of an individual might be useful in prognoses of HCC. This approach could be used to examine the disparities we see in both incidence and mortality of HCC between AA and EA.
Citation Format: Theressa Ewa, Whitney Leet, Limin Wang, Marshonna Forgues, Xin Wei Wang. Pan-viral serological characterization in African Americans and European Americans with Hepatocellular Carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A045.