bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver Injury in People With HIV on Antituberculosis and/or Antiretroviral Therapy—Assessing Causality Using the Updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method
Authors: Gunter H. M. , Tatz G. , Maartens G. , Spearman C. W. , Mehta U. , Cohen K. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeWe compared performance of the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) with multidisciplinary expert panel review in identifying a drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) due to antituberculosis therapy (ATT) and/or antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsCases were drawn from a prospective registry of hospitalised adults with suspected DILI due to ATT and/or ART in Cape Town, South Africa. Participants had to fulfil American Thoracic Society criteria for ATT interruption (alanine transaminase [ALT] ≥5 times upper limit of normal [ULN]/ALT ≥3 times [ULN] and symptomatic). Causality assessment by expert panel review served as reference standard. The panel ranked potentially implicated drugs as certain, probable, possible or unlikely causes guided by World Health Organization Uppsala Monitoring Centre criteria. The RUCAM was performed for each potentially implicated drug. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of the RUCAM in identifying a probable/certain drug cause for liver injury.ResultsWe included 48 participants. All were people with HIV (PWH). Twenty‐seven were on concomitant ART and ATT, with a median of six potentially hepatotoxic drugs per case. Sensitivity and specificity of the RUCAM in identifying a probable/certain drug cause of liver injury compared with expert panel review was 7% and 100% respectively. Implicated drugs (times ranked probable/certain by panel) were isoniazid (18/0), pyrazinamide (17/0), rifampicin (15/1), efavirenz (6/4) and lopinavir/ritonavir (1/0).ConclusionsPWH with liver injury received multiple potentially implicated drugs, which may increase liver injury risk and complicate causality assessment. Compared with expert panel review, the RUCAM had low sensitivity in detecting probable or certain drug causes of liver injury.
Informing forest carbon inventories under the Paris Agreement using ground‐based forest monitoring data
Authors: Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. , Herrmann Valentine , Williams Madison , Tinuviel Teagan , Morgan Rebecca Banbury , Bond‐Lamberty Ben , Cook‐Patton Susan 
Published: October 2024

Societal Impact StatementHuman interactions with forests have shaped Earth's climate for millennia and will continue to do so as we target net‐zero emission goals. Accurately characterizing these climate impacts requires making reliable forest carbon data available for forest monitoring and planning. Here, we develop a semi‐automated process for submitting forest carbon measurements from the largest relevant scientific database to the International Panel on Climate Change's Emission Factor Database, which currently has sparse forest carbon data. Building this bridge from scientific research to international policy is an important step towards managing forests in a net‐zero motivated future.Abstract

Humans have been influencing Earth's climate via transformative impacts on forests for millennia, and forests are now recognized as critical to climate change mitigation under the Paris Agreement. The efficacy of climate change mitigation planning and reporting depends on quality data on forest carbon (C) stocks and changes. The Emission Factor Database (EFDB) of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is intended to be a definitive source for such data, but needs comprehensive and well‐documented data to be so.
To facilitate submission of forest C estimates from scientific studies to EFDB, we develop and document a process for semi‐automated data submission from the Global Forest C database (ForC v4.0), which is the largest compilation of ground‐based forest C estimates. We then assess the data currently available through ForC and provide recommendations for improving forest data collection, analysis, and reporting.
As of September 2024, ForC contained ~19,286 records potentially relevant to EFDB, 1068 of which had been submitted and posted to EFDB. These represented 19% of the total EFDB records for forest land. Records were unevenly distributed across variables and geographic regions. ForC records (37%) reviewed could not be submitted because the original publication lacked required information.
In the future, ground‐based forest C estimates should target gaps in the record, and studies should ensure that they report all information necessary for inclusion in EFDB. Given that climate change is rapidly impacting the world's forests, timely reporting of recent estimates will be critical to accurate forest C inventories.
Degradation Laws and Characteristic Parameters of Performance of Gun Propellant in Storage
Authors: Zhao Xin , Liu Wei , Zhang Bowen , Rui Xiaoting 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAiming at the phenomenon of complex changes in the properties of propellant charges in storage, a description method of the propellant degradation mechanisms during storage for the propellant properties including chemical stability, energy content, combustion characteristics and fracture behavior is established in this paper. The type of propellant is one of an artillery ammunition. Compared with the previous research methods, a more practical accelerated aging test for propellant charges is designed by performing systematic research on storage environment influences; The regularity of the burning rate change of propellant charges with the storage time is explored based on segment analysis. This is achieved using the Initial Dynamic Vivacity Ratio method. The mechanical property characterization problem of ‘increasing fragility’ with storage loads on the charge is solved. This paper identifies the key performance of a propellant charge during storage and accurately characterizes its dynamic change with respect to storage time.
Identification of expression profiles and transcription factors during EGFR‐TKI acquired resistance in LUAD
Authors: Feng Lili , Wang Cenzhu , Chen Jiawen , Tao Chenyue , Zhang Liuliu , Zhou Luojing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLung cancer is one of the most‐common malignant tumors while lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) serves as the major subtype of lung cancer. The epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) are an important choice in LUAD targeted therapies. However, EGFR‐TKI acquired resistance always happens, urging for further investigating and overcoming. We acquired the scRNA‐seq data of EGFR‐TKI acquired resistance in LUAD from GSE149383 and PRJNA591860 databases. We identified the typical tendency during EGFR‐TKI acquired resistance progression in LUAD. Furthermore, we investigate the potential expression profiles, upstream transcription factors, and interacting drugs with EGFR‐TKI in LUAD, participating in EGFR‐TKI acquired resistance. According to scRNA‐seq databases, the typical tendency was identified as “decrease early and raise later” during EGFR‐TKI acquired resistance progression in LUAD from Day 0 to Day 11. Seven important pairs of upstream transcription factors and target genes were explored during EGFR‐TKI acquired resistance in LUAD, including TFDP1‐RPA3, TFDP1‐EIF2S1, TFDP1‐COTL1, TFDP1‐CBX1, MYBL2‐STMN1, EZH2‐CYCS, and BRCA1‐STMN1. Several potential interacting drugs with EGFR‐TKI were screened in LUAD, especially TANDUTINIB. We identified the typical tendency of “decrease early and raise later” during EGFR‐TKI acquired resistance progression in LUAD while we recognized transcription factor‐target gene pairs and interacting drugs with EGFR‐TKI during EGFR‐TKI acquired resistance, which could provide a novel insight for clinical treatments.
Exploring Bioactive Phytomedicines for Advancing Pulmonary Infection Management: Insights and Future Prospects
Authors: Ho Joyce Siaw Syuen , Ping Teh Li , Paudel Keshav Raj , El Sherkawi Tammam , De Rubis Gabriele , Yeung Stewart , Hansbro Philip M. , Oliver Brian Gregory George , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Sin Keng Pei , Dua Kamal 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPulmonary infections have a profound influence on global mortality rates. Medicinal plants offer a promising approach to address this challenge, providing nontoxic alternatives with higher levels of public acceptance and compliance, particularly in regions where access to conventional medications or diagnostic resources may be limited. Understanding the pathophysiology of viruses and bacteria enables researchers to identify biomarkers essential for triggering diseases. This knowledge allows the discovery of biological molecules capable of either preventing or alleviating symptoms associated with these infections. In this review, medicinal plants that have an effect on COVID‐19, influenza A, bacterial and viral pneumonia, and tuberculosis are discussed. Drug delivery has been briefly discussed as well. It examines the effect of bioactive constituents of these plants and synthesizes findings from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies conducted over the past decade. In conclusion, many medicinal plants can be used to treat pulmonary infections, but further in‐depth studies are needed as most of the current studies are only at preliminary stages. Extensive investigation and clinical studies are warranted to fully elucidate their mechanisms of action and optimize their use in clinical practice.
Fast Colonization of Wild Brown Trout in Nature‐Like Compensation Channel
Authors: Koski Alisa , Koljonen Saija , Syrjänen Jukka Tapani 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSalmonids and other aquatic migrating species are strongly affected by river damming, but the declining salmonid populations have been traditionally compensated by fish stocking. Nature‐like compensation channels are a new way to mitigate diversity loss in lotic environment. In this study, a newly constructed side‐channel in Finland called Imatra City Brook (ICB) and its brown trout (Salmo trutta) population were studied. ICB was built partly to enhance brown trout reproduction and to compensate the loss of riffle habitat caused by the Imatrankoski hydropower plant. Stages in brown trout life cycle were compared with those in several natural streams and rivers in southern Finland. In a 6‐year study from 2016 to 2022, estimated yearly egg density was 184–511 eggs/100 m2 in ICB. A 0‐year‐old parr density was 10–126 parr/100 m2. Yearly egg‐to‐parr survival was 0.03–0.25 and survival of 0 to 1 year‐old parr was 0.24–0.64. Egg density in the ICB was average compared with reference sites. Parr density was significantly higher in ICB than in the reference streams. Accordingly, ICB appears to serve its compensation function by providing adequate spawning and early‐life stage rearing habitat for native brown trout that is equivalent or even surpasses production metrics observed in nearby natural stream channels. Therefore, constructed compensation channels are a great option to rehabilitate habitat for the benefit of native salmonids.
Tissue‐Adaptive BSA Hydrogel with Dual Release of PTX and bFGF Promotes Spinal Cord Injury Repair via Glial Scar Inhibition and Axon Regeneration
Authors: Zhu Sipin , Wu Qiuji , Ying Yibo , Mao Yuqin , Lu Wenjie , Xu Jie , Cai Xiong , He Huacheng , Wu Jiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe clinical disease usually accompanied by activated glial scar, neuronal axon rupture, and disabled motor function. To mimic the microenvironment of the SCI injury site, a hydrogel system with a comparable mechanical property to the spinal cord is desirable. Therefore, a novel elastic bovine serum albumin (BSA) hydrogel is fabricated with excellent adhesive, injectable, and biocompatible properties. The hydrogel is used to deliver paclitaxel (PTX) together with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to inhibit glial scar formation as well as promote axon regeneration and motor function for SCI repair. Due to the specific interaction of BSA with both drugs, bFGF, and PTX can be controllably released from the hydrogel system to achieve an effective concentration at the wound site during the SCI regeneration process. Moreover, benefiting from the combination of PTX and bFGF, this bFGF/PTX@BSA system significantly aided axon repair by promoting the elongation of axons across the glial scar with reduced reactive astrocyte secretion. In addition, remarkable anti‐apoptosis of nerve cells is evident with the bFGF/PTX@BSA system. Subsequently, this multi‐functionalized drug system significantly improved the motor function of the rats after SCI. These results reveal that bFGF/PTX@BSA is an ideal functionalized material for nerve repair in SCI.
Spontaneous Formation of π‐Conjugated Polymeric Colloidal Molecules Through Stepwise Coacervation and Symmetric Compartmentalization
Authors: Oki Osamu , Noguchi Shun‐ichiro , Nakayama Sota , Yamagishi Hiroshi , Kuwabara Junpei , Kanbara Takaki , Yamamoto Yohei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCoacervation, the phase separation of liquid induced by polymeric solutes, sometimes results in the formation of oligomeric clusters of droplets. The morphology of the clusters is non‐uniform because the clustering is a consequence of the random collisions of the drifting droplets. Here we report distinctively organized coacervation, yielding colloidal molecules with monodisperse size, morphological symmetry, and compositional heterogeneity. We investigate the coacervation of a mixture of two types of synthetic polymers and find that one of the polymers coacervates first and serves as a core droplet, on which the other polymer coacervates subsequently to form satellite droplets. The satellite droplets arrange themselves symmetrically around the core and solidify without losing the morphology. The number of satellites and their symmetry are modulable depending on the chemical affinity and the diameter of the droplets. This finding highlights the capability of coacervation as a non‐templated and non‐covalent pathway to form aspherical colloidal materials with structural and functional complexity.
Improved Interfacial Interactions by Core–Shell CoFe2O4@SiO2 Composites to Enhance the Ability of Corrosion Resistance and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Wei Shuang , Sun Tianxiang , Ma Chengcheng , Gao Hui , Zhao Zhipeng , Feng Huimeng , Li Wen , Chen Shougang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of science and technology, stealth and anti‐corrosion activities in oceans have attracted widespread attention. This study successfully prepares CoFe2O4@SiO2 with a core–shell structure. This core–shell structure endows the CoFe2O4@SiO2 with good impedance matching and interfacial polarization. Thus, the CoFe2O4@SiO2 exhibits an excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss of −45.16 dB. Moreover, the CoFe2O4@SiO2 exhibits an excellent dispersion ability in epoxy. The corrosion resistance of the CoFe2O4@SiO2/epoxy is enhanced. After 60 days of immersion, the low‐frequency impedance modulus of the CoFe2O4@SiO2/epoxy is still >109 Ω cm2. The CoFe2O4@SiO2 realize the dual functions of stealth and anti‐corrosion, which provide ideas for developing marine stealth applications.
Water‐Soluble Lipophilic Near‐Infrared Region II Fluorophores for High‐Brightness Lipid Layer and Lipid Droplets Imaging Applications
Authors: Xu Sicheng , Sun Pengfei , Yu Zikun , Chen Kai , Chu Yongzhen , Wang Shaofan , Shen Qingming , Chen Pengfei , Yao Yuyu , Fan Quli 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared region (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) has garnered considerable attention for displaying the biological information of deep tissues. However, the lack of biocompatible contrast agents with bright NIR‐II emission has hampered the precise clinical application of deep tissue imaging. Here, a lipophilic enhancement strategy employing donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) molecules, introducing long alkoxy chains and quaternary ammonium salts for the development of highly bright water‐soluble NIR‐II fluorophores (BBTD‐2C‐N), is described. Notably, liposome‐encapsulated BBTD‐2C‐N nanoparticles (B‐2C‐N/DMPC) in aqueous solution exhibit a 1.8‐fold increase in NIR‐II fluorescence brightness compared to free BBTD‐2C‐N in methanol. Avoidance of the aggregation‐caused quenching effect and enhanced NIR‐II fluorescence are attributed to significantly attenuated π–π stacking interactions and maintained monodisperses in the hydrophobic liposome shell. Moreover, BBTD‐2C‐N demonstrates superior performance in visualizing lipid droplet‐rich HeLa cells in vitro, as well as precise monitoring of adipose tissue and fatty liver in vivo. This study reveals a new avenue for the development of bright NIR‐II fluorophores and precise in vivo imaging.
Recent Advances in Bonding Regulation of Metalloporphyrin‐Modified Carbon‐Based Catalysts for Accelerating Energy Electrocatalytic Applications
Authors: Lu Yang , Li Wenyan , Fan Yiyi , Cheng Lei , Tang Yawen , Sun Hanjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetalloporphyrins modified carbon‐based materials, owing to the excellent acid‐base resistance, optimal electron transfer rates, and superior catalytic performance, have shown great potential in energy electrocatalysis. Recently, numerous efforts have concentrated on employing carbon‐based substrates as platforms to anchor metalloporphyrins, thereby fabricating a diverse array of composite catalysts tailored for assorted electrocatalytic processes. However, the interplay through bonding regulation of metalloporphyrins with carbon materials and the resultant enhancement in catalyst performance remains inadequately elucidated. Gaining an in‐depth comprehension of the synergistic interactions between metalloporphyrins and carbon‐based materials within the realm of electrocatalysis is imperative for advancing the development of innovative composite catalysts. Herein, the review systematically classifies the binding modes (i.e., covalent grafting and non‐covalent interactions) between carbon‐based materials and metalloporphyrins, followed by a discussion on the structural characteristics and applications of metalloporphyrins supported on various carbon‐based substrates, categorized according to their binding modes. Additionally, this review underscores the principal challenges and emerging opportunities for carbon‐supported metalloporphyrin composite catalysts, offering both inspiration and methodological insights for researchers involved in the design and application of these advanced catalytic systems.
Ru Nanoparticles Encapsulated by Defective TiO2 Boost the Hydrogen Oxidation/ Evolution Reaction
Authors: Fu Xiuting , Huang Xiaoxiao , Cen Yaping , Ren Xiaoyang , Yan Li , Jin Shao , Zhuang Zhongbin , Li Wanlu , Tian Shubo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the alkaline hydrogen oxidation/evolution reaction is crucial for anion exchange membrane fuel cells/water electrolyzers. However, designing such electrocatalysts poses a challenge due to the need for optimizing various adsorbates. Herein, highly dispersed Ru nanoparticles catalysts is reported encapsulated and supported by defective anatase phase of titanium dioxide (named as Ru NPs/def‐TiO2(A)) for boosting hydrogen‐cycle electrocatalysis with robust anti‐CO‐poisoning in alkaline conditions. The Ru NPs/def‐TiO2(A) achieves a high‐quality activity of 7.65 A mgRu
−1, which is 23.2 and 9.5‐fold higher than commercial Ru/C and Pt/C in alkaline HOR. Moreover, this catalyst exhibits an outstanding overpotential of 21 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline HER. Hydrogen underpotential deposition (Hupd) and CO stripping experiments demonstrate that Ru NPs/def‐TiO2(A) has the optimized H*, OH*, and CO* adsorption strength, enabling the Ru NPs/def‐TiO2(A) catalyst to display excellent and robust HOR/HER performance under alkaline conditions. Using density functional theory calculations, the enhanced HOR performance mechanism for the Ru NPs/def‐TiO2(A) catalyst originates from the TiO2 step face in contact with the Ru nanoparticles, indicating that the kinetics of water formation are considerably more favorable at the Ru NPs/def‐TiO2(A) interface.
Graphene Chainmail‐Enabled Moderate Precatalyst Phase Evolution for Sustainable Polysulfide Electrocatalysis in Li─S Batteries
Authors: Gu Jiaxi , Shi Zixiong , Yan Tianran , Tian Meng , Chen Ziang , Chen Shaoqing , Ding Yifan , Lu Miaoyu , Zou Yuhan , Zhang Jincan , Zhang Liang , Sun Jingyu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rational design of polysulfide electrocatalysts is of vital importance to achieve longevous Li─S batteries. Notwithstanding fruitful advances made in elevating electrocatalytic activity, efforts to regulate precatalyst phase evolution and protect active sites are still lacking. Herein, an in situ graphene‐encapsulated bimetallic model catalyst (CoNi@G) is developed for striking a balance between electrocatalytic activity and stability for sulfur electrochemistry. The layer numbers of directly grown graphene can be dictated by tuning the synthetic duration. Exhaustive experimental and theoretical analysis comprehensively reveals that the tailored graphene chainmail boosts catalytic durability while guaranteeing moderate phase evolution, accordingly attaining a decorated surface sulfidation with advanced catalytic essence. Benefiting from the sustainable polysulfide electrocatalysis, CoNi@G enabled sulfur electrodes to harvest a capacity output of 1276.2 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and a negligible capacity decay of 0.055% per cycle after 1000 cycles at 1.0 C. Such a maneuver can be readily extended to other metallic catalysts including NiFe, CoFe, or Co. The work elucidates the precatalyst phase evolution mechanism through a controllable graphene‐armored strategy, offering meaningful guidance to realize durable electrocatalysts in Li─S batteries.
Boosting the Structural Reversibility of Layered Oxide Cathode for Realizing Long‐Term Cycle Life Through Electronic Structure Regulation
Authors: Zhang Guohua , Gao Yuheng , Fan Yuxin , Gao Yuheng , Wu Jianwei , Ma Jiwei , Zhang Renyuan , Huang Yunhui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractO3‐type layered oxide cathode exhibits great application potential for practical sodium‐ion batteries, due to its cost‐effectiveness, abundant sodium and manganese resources, and high theoretical capacity. However, the irreversible phase transition, coupled with rapid capacity decay, which is primarily attributed to the Jahn‐Teller effect of Mn3+, remains a significant bottleneck for commercial application. Additionally, the sluggish kinetics during the (de)sodiation process require urgent improvement. Herein, an electronic structure regulation strategy is proposed by low‐valence Li/Cu co‐substitution to address these issues. The roles of Li/Cu on the electronic structure, structural evolution, and electrochemical properties in the Na0.96Ni0.22Fe0.2Mn0.5Li0.04Cu0.04O2 (NFMLC) cathode are comprehensively explored through systematic in situ/ex situ characterization techniques and theoretical calculations. The results reveal that this strategy effectively activates more Ni2+/3+ and Fe3+/4+ redox reactions above 2.5 V, while suppressing Mn3+/4+ redox activity below 2.5 V, thereby achieving highly structural reversibility. Therefore, the NFMLC electrode displays excellent long‐term cycling stability (81.5% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 5 C), and significantly enhanced rate performance (from 45.5% to 80.4% under a ratio of 5 C to 0.5 C). This work provides a valuable perspective on the design of low‐cost, long‐life, and high‐performance layered oxide cathodes for practical sodium‐ion batteries.