bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and simulation of electrostatic NEMS logic gates
Authors: Pandiyan P. , Uma G. , Umapathy M. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present a design and simulation of electrostatic nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS)-based logic gates using laterally actuated cantilever with double-electrode structure that can implement logic functions, similar to logic devices that are made of solid-state transistors which operates at 5 V.

Design/methodology/approach
The analytical modeling of NEMS switch is carried out for finding the pull-in and pull-out voltage based on Euler-Bernoulli’s beam theory, and its numerical simulation is performed using finite element method computer-aided design tool COVENTORWARE.

Findings
This paper reports analytical and numerical simulation of basic NEMS switch to realize the logic gates. The proposed logic gate operates on 5 V which suits well with conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic which in turn reduces the power consumption of the device.

Originality/value
The proposed logic gates use a single bit NEMS switch per logic instead of using 6-14 individual transistors as in CMOS. One exclusive feature of this proposed logic gates is that the basic NEMS switch is structurally modified to function as specific logic gates depending upon the given inputs.
Impact of human resource interventions on work-life balance: a study on Indian IT sector
Authors: Panda Ansumalini , Kumar Sahoo Chandan 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the significant predictors of work-life balance (WLB) by highlighting the human resource interventions in IT industries.

Design/methodology/approach
Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis have been used to analyse the data by using the SPSS version 20. Primary data have been incorporated from 245 software professionals through a structured questionnaire from the IT industry in India.

Findings
The study examines nine independent variables that significantly envisage the dependent variables (WLB), among them only three factors are extracted such as training and development, teamwork and communication, and financial and non-financial rewards which were found to be significant predictors of WLB. The hypothesis as suggested for the study has been significant.

Research limitations/implications
This paper provides a practical interpretation about an overview of human resource interventions vital for better WLB in software organisations. It also provides insights to practitioners, IT managers and administrators for instigating these interventions.

Practical implications
The achievement of WLB is a delightful indulgence for professionals as well as organisations. It becomes indispensable for top management to focus on HR interventions for stimulating the degree of WLB. The study empirically categorizes the various interventions pivotal to improve the degree of WLB in the IT sector.

Originality/value
As there has been substantial research evidence exploring the work-life imbalance, its cause, effects and overcoming it through a balanced life is studied. This study has identified innovative insight of embracing employees and thriving commitment among employees through HR interventions which acts as a strong predictor for WLB. There are limited empirical traces in the Indian IT sector investigating the above context.
Accountability of senior compliance management for compliance failures in a credit institution
Authors: Meissner Michael H. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
In most industries, legal entities of a certain size and complexity must have a compliance function. Such requirement is either set forth by regulatory law or the governance rules of the relevant organisation. In the highly regulated credit industry, the role and responsibilities of the compliance function are more precisely defined than in other industries. This paper aims to analyse the personal accountability of senior compliance officers in a bank’s compliance function when there is a failure of proper compliance.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on a keynote addressed at Jesus College, University of Cambridge, 7 September 2016. The author approaches the issue of senior compliance management by analysing development of international financial regulation with respect to legal requirements for compliance function. Subsequently, the author determines what constitutes senior compliance management and applies the various legal regimes to situations of compliance failures.

Findings
While the accountability of the chief compliance officer and deputy for compliance failures is not set forth in regulatory law, courts and scholars have acknowledged such personal responsibility exists resorting to principles of civil law (contracts or torts), criminal law or employment law. Approaches and questions for this legal analysis are similar in a civil law as well as in common law jurisdiction. The most relevant breach of contract of the chief compliance officer will be an omission to act (forbearance), i.e. the failure to properly organize the compliance function and/or to immediately report a compliance risk to the board.

Research limitations/implications
Scholarly work in the law of compliance is still somewhat limited, thus the research also includes practitioners’ observations. The accountability of senior compliance management for compliance failures represents a growing trend in corporate governance to seek individual accountability for corporate misconduct; see, for example, US Department of Justice (DOJ) in its so-called Yates memorandum on “individual accountability for corporate wrongdoing”.

Practical implications
In incidents of non-compliance, banks and their compliance officers should be able to exculpate themselves if they can demonstrate proper organization of the compliance function.

Originality/value
The originality of this general review is to focus the analysis of accountability of senior compliance management on the credit industry and to consider latest developments in international financial regulation, such as the supervisory review and evaluation process (SREP) by the European Central Bank (ECB) in the single supervisory mechanism (SSM) or the corporate governance principles for banks by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS).
Design criteria for insulation materials applied in timber frame assemblies
Authors: Tiso Mattia , Just Alar 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Insulation materials’ contribution to the fire resistance of timber frame assemblies may vary considerably. At present, Eurocode 5 provides a model for fire design of the load-bearing function of timber frame assemblies with cavities completely filled with stone wool. Very little is known about the fire protection provided by other insulation materials. An improved design model which has the potential to consider the contribution of any insulation material has been introduced by the authors. This paper aims to analyze the parameters that describe in a universal way the protection against the charring given by different insulations not included in Eurocode 5.

Design/methodology/approach
A series of model-scale furnace tests of floor specimens for three different insulation materials were carried out. An analysis on the charring depth of the residual cross-sections was conducted by means of a resistograph device.

Findings
The study explains the criteria and procedure followed to derive the coefficients for the improved design model for three insulations involved in the study.

Originality/value
This research study involves a large experimental work which forms the basis of the proposed design model. This study presents an important step for fire resistance calculations of timber frame assemblies.
Innovation and cross-functional teams
Authors: Stipp Daniel Marasquini , Pimenta Márcio Lopes , Jugend Daniel 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to characterize how innovation may happen through cross-functional teams (CFT) in an organization of the public sector.

Design/methodology/approach
A case study helped to characterize several behavior patterns, team structures and respective links with generating innovation in internal processes and public answering contexts.

Findings
The results highlight that formal-temporary teams present a higher capacity to generate incremental innovation in products, whereas permanent-informal teams have a higher capacity to generate innovation in the internal processes and public answering contexts.

Research limitations/implications
The limitations of this research relate to the fact that this is a single case study, and although it is an important case to examine innovation and CFTs, by its very nature, it is not possible to extend and generalize the obtained data to other organizations. The evaluation of its propositions was merely qualitative, and future research is needed to validate its characteristics.

Practical implications
Several settings of CFTs are presented, as well as their ability to generate different types of innovation, such as the computerization of documents, petitions and papers, which decreases the time to answer the taxpayer. Moreover, CFTs can help to create products, such as computer programs that can be used not only locally but also in several public organizations related to tax management.

Originality/value
The field research provides the perceptions of the respondents regarding CFT characteristics that can lead to specific types of innovation, as well as the types of products or services that can be generated by these processes.
The dynamics of Kelp Forests in the Northeast Pacific Ocean and the relationship with environmental drivers
Authors: Pfister Catherine A. , Berry Helen D. , Mumford Thomas 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The dynamics of foundation species in ecosystems are key to the fate of many species. Kelp forests are foundation species in temperate ocean ecosystems and contribute to carbon storage, macronutrient dynamics, primary production and biodiversity of a myriad of associated species. Downward trends in their abundance globally have been of concern.

We analysed 26 years of aerial censuses (1989–2015) of two canopy kelp species in Washington State (USA) waters. We compared these modern censuses with censuses in 1911 and 1912 to determine the persistence of kelp cover over the past century. Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models, we compared kelp dynamics with likely environmental drivers, including local environmental variables and ocean indices for this region.

Kelp remains at historic levels in many areas, although some eastern populations in proximity to greater human populations are the exception to this pattern. Over the last 26 years, kelp abundance showed high spatial autocorrelation in western areas of Straits of Juan de Fuca, with more variable populations in the annual species and eastward towards Puget Sound. Both species covaried positively in their abundance throughout most of the study area, suggesting that environmental factors rather than competition, drove their dynamics. The population dynamics of these kelp species showed that the abundance 1 year previously was an important predictor, and cyclic dynamics were not indicated using ARIMA models. Kelp abundance correlated inversely with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Oceanic Nino Index, and positively with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, indicating that large‐scale processes associated with colder seawater temperatures were associated with greater relative abundance of kelp.

Synthesis. Kelp beds in the northern California Current Large Marine Ecosystem have mostly remained persistent over the past century and over many kilometres, but some areas may have decreased in abundance. The sensitivity of these populations to indices of ocean climate, our demonstration that a historic 93‐year sea surface temperature record (Race Rocks, Canada) showed a 0.72°C increase and the classification of some areas as high variability‐low abundance, suggest that the viability of these foundational species remain a concern into the future.
Successful Community Discharge Following Postacute Rehabilitation for Medicare Beneficiaries: Analysis of a Patient‐Centered Quality Measure
Authors: Cary Michael P. , Prvu Bettger Janet , Jarvis Jessica M. , Ottenbacher Kenneth J. , Graham James E. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics as well as health services use associated with successful community discharge.Data SourceInpatient Rehabilitation Facility‐Patient Assessment Instrument and Medicare Provider Analysis and Review files.Study DesignWe retrospectively examined 167,664 Medicare beneficiaries discharged from inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) in 2013 to determine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics as well as health services use associated with successful community discharge.Principal FindingsIn the multivariable model, sociodemographic (younger age, no disability, social support), clinical (higher motor and cognitive functional status at admission), and health services use (fewer acute care days and longer IRF days) variables were associated with successful community discharge.ConclusionsRemaining in the community is an important patient‐centered outcome that could complement other postacute rehabilitation quality measures.
ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS AND URBAN CRIME: THE STRUCTURE OF SHARED ROUTINE ACTIVITY LOCATIONS AND NEIGHBORHOOD‐LEVEL INFORMAL CONTROL CAPACITY
Authors: BROWNING CHRISTOPHER R. , CALDER CATHERINE A. , BOETTNER BETHANY , SMITH ANNA 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBy drawing on the work of Jacobs (1961), we hypothesize that public contact among neighborhood residents while engaged in day‐to‐day routines, captured by the aggregate network structure of shared local exposure, is consequential for crime. Neighborhoods in which residents come into contact more extensively in the course of conventional routines will exhibit higher levels of public familiarity, trust, and collective efficacy with implications for the informal social control of crime. We employ the concept of ecological (“eco‐”) networks—networks linking households within neighborhoods through shared activity locations—to formalize the notion of overlapping routines. By using microsimulations of household travel patterns to construct census tract‐level eco‐networks for Columbus, OH, we examine the hypothesis that eco‐network intensity (the probability that households tied through one location in a neighborhood eco‐network will also be tied through another visited location) is negatively associated with tract‐level crime rates (N = 192). Fitted spatial autoregressive models offer evidence that neighborhoods with higher intensity eco‐networks exhibit lower levels of violent and property crime. In contrast, a higher prevalence of nonresident visitors to a given tract is positively associated with property crime. The results of these analyses hold the potential to enrich insight into the ecological processes that shape variation in neighborhood crime.
The Suppressive Effects of Geniposide and Genipin on Helicobacter pylori Infections In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Chang Chiung‐Hung , Wu Jin‐Bin , Yang Jai‐Sing , Lai Yen‐Ju , Su Chiu‐Hsian , Lu Chi‐Cheng , Hsu Yuan‐Man 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGeniposide and genipin have been found in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, a traditional Chinese medicine that exhibits multiple biological functions. However, no report showing the effects of geniposide and genipin on gastric protection in Helicobacter pylori infections in vitro and in vivo has been done. In this study, we clarified how geniposide and genipin suppress H. pylori‐mediated inflammation in gastric AGS cells and C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrated that genipin shows a strong ability to inhibit H. pylori growth and is able to reduce vacA and cagA gene expression of H. pylori in infected AGS cells. Genipin also attenuates the abilities of adhesion and invasion of H. pylori to AGS cells. An attenuation of interleukin (IL)‐8 and IFN‐γ production caused by genipin was observed to inhibit cell inflammatory responses. In the in vivo experiments, geniposide and genipin both showed suppressive effects on the vacA gene expression in mice after H. pylori infection. The serum levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐1β, immunoglobulin A, and Immunoglobulin M were decreased by geniposide and genipin in infected mice. The inflammatory maker COX2 was downregulated in H. pylori‐infected mice after exposure to geniposide and genipin. Together, geniposide and genipin effectively exert a healthy promotion to reduce H. pylori infections in vivo by interfering with the growth and virulence of H. pylori as well as attenuating the gastric inflammation caused by an H. pylori infection.Practical ApplicationGeniposide and genipin have a healthy promotion to eradicate H. pylori infections by interfering with the growth and virulence of H. pylori and to attenuate the gastric inflammation caused by an H. pylori infection.
Reverse Stability Kinetics of Meat Pigment Oxidation in Aqueous Extract from Fresh Beef
Authors: Frelka John C. , Phinney David M. , Wick Macdonald P. , Heldman Dennis R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe use of kinetic models is an evolving approach to describing quality changes in foods during processes, including storage. Previous studies indicate that the oxidation rate of myoglobin is accelerated under frozen storage conditions, a phenomenon termed reverse stability. The goal of this study was to develop a model for meat pigment oxidation to incorporate the phenomenon of reverse stability. In this investigation, the model system was an aqueous extract from beef which was stored under a range of temperatures, both unfrozen and frozen. The kinetic analysis showed that in unfrozen solutions, the temperature dependence of oxidation rate followed Arrhenius kinetics. However, under in frozen solutions the rate of oxidation increased with decreasing temperature until reaching a local maximum around −20 °C. The addition of NaCl to the model system increased oxidation rates at all temperatures, even above the initial freezing temperature. This observation suggests that this reaction is dependent on the ionic strength of the solution as well as temperature. The mechanism of this deviant kinetic behavior is not fully understood, but this study shows that the interplay of temperature and composition on the rate of oxidation of meat pigments is complicated and may involve multiple mechanisms.Practical ApplicationA better understanding of the kinetics of quality loss in a meat system allows for a re‐examination of the current recommendations for frozen storage. The deviant kinetic behavior observed in this study indicates that the relationship between quality loss and temperature in a frozen food is not as simple as once thought. Product‐specific recommendations could be implemented in the future that would allow for a decrease in energy consumption without a significant loss of quality.
Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting the severity of abnormal invasive placenta: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Familiari Alessandra , Liberati Marco , Lim Philip , Pagani Giorgio , Cali Giuseppe , Buca Danilo , Manzoli Lamberto , Flacco Maria E. , Scambia Giovanni , D'antonio Francesco 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionAccurate prenatal diagnosis of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) is fundamental because it significantly reduces maternal morbidities.Material and methodsMedline, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane databases were searched. The primary aim of the present review was to elucidate the diagnostic accuracy of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in recognizing the severity of AIP, defined as the depth and topography of invasion. The secondary aim was to ascertain the strength of association between each MRI sign and the depth of placental invasion and to test their individual predictive accuracy in detecting such invasion. Inclusion criteria were studies on women who had prenatal MRI for ultrasound suspicion or the presence of clinical risk factors for AIP. Estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated using the hierarchical summary receiver characteristics curve model, and individual data random‐effect logistic regression was used to calculate OR.ResultsTwenty studies (1080 pregnancies undergoing MRI mainly for the ultrasound suspicion of AIP) were included. MRI showed a sensitivity of 94.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 15.8–99.9], 100% (95% CI 75.3–100) and 86.5% (95% CI 74.2–94.4) for detection of placenta accreta, increta and percreta, respectively; the corresponding values for specificity were 98.8% (95% CI 70.7–100), 97.3% (95% CI 93.3–99.3), 96.8% (95% CI 93.5–98.7). MRI identified 100% of cases with S1 and 100% of those with S2 invasion confirmed at surgery. Among the different MRI signs, intra‐placental dark bands showed the best sensitivity for the detection of placenta accreta, increta and percreta; as well as abnormal intra‐placental vascularity, uterine bulging was associated with a higher risk of increta and percreta, exophitic mass and bladder tenting with placenta percreta.ConclusionPrenatal MRI has an excellent diagnostic accuracy in identifying the depth and the topography of placental invasion. However, these findings come mainly from studies in which MRI was performed as a secondary imaging tool in women already screened for AIP on ultrasound and might not reflect its actual diagnostic performance in detecting the severity of these disorders.
Spermatogenesis in Sceloporus variabilis (Squamata, Phrynosomatidae): A non‐quiescent pattern
Authors: Granados‐González Gisela , Villagrán‐SantaCruz Maricela , Peña‐Herrera Eric , Rheubert Justin L. , Gribbins Kevin M. , Hernández‐Gallegos Oswaldo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGaining a deeper understanding of spermatogenic cycles within squamates has aided in our knowledge of the controls of reproduction and has bettered our understanding of reproductive phenology. One of the most studied genera of squamates, Sceloporus, is widely distributed along a latitudinal and elevational gradient in temperate, tropical, low‐elevation and high‐elevation habitats. Due to this wide distribution and varying habitats, Sceloporus exhibit differences in their spermatogenic activity (including both cyclical and acyclical patterns) and may be one of the most useful genera for understanding the abiotic correlations with spermatogenesis. The spermatogenic activity in Sceloporus variabilis was studied histologically (in a population that inhabits a tropical region at Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico) and found to exhibit a unique cyclical pattern with an extended period of maximum activity (from November to July) and the absence of regression and quiescence. Furthermore, these data corroborate previous works on the spermatogenic cycles of S. variabilis despite different populations utilised. These data suggest that although abiotic factors may play a role in the timing of spermatogenesis, phylogenetic signal may be equally as important. More data concerning spermatogenic cycles in phylogenetically related taxa from differing habitats will elucidate the patterns of spermatogenic diversity.