bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantificação e caracterização energética da madeira e casca de espécies do cerrado.
Authors: Vale Ailton Teixeira do , Brasil Maria Aparecida Mourão , Leão Alcides Lopes 
Published: November 2016

Em uma faixa de cerrado sensu stricto, de 63,56 ha, da Fazenda Água Limpa, de propriedade da Universidade de Brasília-DF, foram delimitadas dez parcelas de 20 x 50 m cada nas quais se identificaram e medam as alturas totais e o diâmetro, tomado a 30 cm de altura do solo, de todas as árvores com diâmetro igual ou superior a 5cm. Foram sorteadas para serem derrubadas e pesadas, no máximo três (3) indivíduos por espécie e por classe de diâmetro, em sete classes diametrais pré-estabelecidas (5-9; 9-13...., 29-33 cm). Em cada indivíduo, foram coletadas seções transversais a zero (base), 25, 50, 75 e 100% (topo) da altura do tronco, partindo da base, embaladas em sacos plásticos e levadas para laboratório, para obtenção da massa específica básica, do poder calorífico superior e dos teores de cinzas, materiais volátil e carbono fixo da madeira e da casca. Foram identificadas 47 espécies. A biomassa seca do povoamento apresentou 71% de madeira e 29% de casca, sendo a árvore formada, em média, de 53% de ramos e 47% de tronco. A produção média de biomassa seca total para a área foi de 12,38 t/ha, com variações individuais de 0,44 kg/ha (Symplocos rhaminifolia, com um indivíduo/ha) a 2.886,04 kg/ha (Sclerolobium paniculatum, com 46 indivíduos/ha). A produção média por árvore foi de 18,39 kg. A massa específica básica da madeira variou de 0,20 g/cm3 a 0,78 g/cm3 e a da casca de 0,17 g/cm3 a 0,67 g/cm,3. O poder calorífico superior variou de 4.516 kcal/kg a 4.989 kcal/kg, com média de 4.763 kcal/kg, enquanto o da casca variou de 4.187 kcal/kg a 5.738 kcal/kg. O teor de carbono fixo médio foi de 20,73% para a madeira e de 25,19% para a casca. Vochysia thysoidea destacou-se pela grande produção energética (392,49 Mcal/árvore, 20 árvores/ha e 7.849,80 Mcal/ha) em função da alta produção de biomassa tanto individual quanto por área, porém com características físicas da madeira inferiores (massa específica baixa - 0,49 g/cm3 e poder calorífico abaixo da média para a área - 4.713 kcal/kg). Acosmium dasycargpum por sua vez apresentou boas características da madeira (alto poder calorífico - 4.989 kcal/kg, alta massa específica - 0,74 g/cm3), mas com baixa produção energética (76,03 Mcal/árvore, 1 árvore/ha e 76,03 Mcal/ha) em função da baixa produção de biomassa. Houve, no entanto, espécies com boas características da madeira e com alta produção de biomassa, individual e/ou por área. São elas: Sclerolobium paniculatum (305,72 Mcal/árvore, 46 árvores/ha, 14.063,12 Mcal/ha, 0,72 g/cm3 e 4849 kcal/kg), Dalbergia miscolobium (80,26 Mcal/árvore, 84 árvores/ha, 6.741,84 Mcal/ha, 0,77 g/cm3 e 4896 kcal/kg) e Pterodon pubescens (473,69 Mcal/árvore, 14 árvores/ha, 6.631,66 Mcal/ha, 0,73 g/cm3 e 4953 kcal/kg). Essas espécies foram responsáveis por 45,85% de toda energia disponibilizada na forma de calor, ou seja, 27.437 Mcal/ha.
Analyse des composantes de la charge de travail perçue par les cadres dans un contexte de gestion des compétences
Authors: Sassi Narjes , Ben Aissa Hazem 
Published: November 2016

La gestion des compétences est, de nos jours, largement utilisée dans les grandes entreprises françaises qui cherchent, par ce biais, à s'assurer une meilleure performance et un maintien de l'employabilité de ses salariés (Dietrich et al., 2010; MEDEF, 1998). En dépit de ses avantages (autonomie, requalification des salariés, progression de carrière), la gestion des compétences est aussi associée à certains risques psychosociaux (Bouteiller et Gilbert, 2005; Reynaud, 2001). En effet, ce modèle véhicule une transformation du travail — en particulier pour les cadres — puisque les pratiques inhérentes peuvent générer une charge de travail supplémentaire (rapports fréquents à effectuer, évaluations stressantes, exigences comportementales).
L'objectif de cet article est donc de caractériser les composantes de la charge de travail perçue par les cadres d'entreprises qui pratiquent la gestion des compétences. Une étude qualitative exploratoire, s'appuyant sur des entretiens semi-directifs, a été menée à cet effet. Les résultats montrent que, dans des entreprises ayant adopté une gestion des compétences, la charge de travail perçue par les cadres se compose de trois paramètres « réformés » (rapport au temps de travail, rapport aux exigences du poste, rapport aux autres) et d'un nouveau paramètre (rapport aux exigences de maintien et de développement des compétences).
L’identification au contenu du travail comme déterminant du souhait de rester dans un emploi
Authors: Mainhagu Sebastien , Castéran Herbert 
Published: November 2016

Les recherches sur le choix de demeurer dans un emploi sont peu nombreuses ou traitent ce sujet à travers des modèles sur le roulement de personnel (turnover), considérant que les mêmes déterminants influencent de manière opposée l'intention de rester ou de quitter. De plus, à l'exception notable de Cossette et Gosselin (2012), les chercheurs ne traitent que le choix de rester dans l'entreprise, mêlant dans la même variable expliquée le choix de rester dans un emploi et celui de la mobilité intra-organisationnelle.
Cette recherche poursuit deux objectifs: 1- identifier des concepts associés au souhait de rester dans son emploi; 2- explorer les relations entre les variables identifiées et le désir de rester. L'apport de cette recherche est double. Il s'avère tout d'abord théorique puisque nous avons identifié les variables associées au souhait de rester dans un emploi. Les résultats obtenus permettent de proposer un modèle théorique décrivant les relations entre trois groupes de variables (identification, contextes personnel et au travail) et le souhait de rester. Nous montrons, en particulier, l'influence probable des variables d'identification au contenu du travail sur le souhait de rester dans l'emploi, réalité rarement prise en compte dans les analyses sur ce sujet, que nous définissons comme un état où un salarié établit une équivalence entre ce qu'il est et ce qu'il fait. Cette identification est obtenue suite aux succès obtenus par la personne, qui lui indiquent ses compétences et lui procurent un sentiment d'efficacité, source de fierté. Le second apport de cette recherche est méthodologique. Il semble fécond d'associer une analyse des entretiens, appliquant les principes de la théorie enracinée, à un traitement statistique de type analyse des correspondances multiples, peu connu des chercheurs anglosaxons.
Circulation, échanges et mises en scène des récits d’enfants placés
Authors: Potin Émilie 
Published: November 2016

Comment sont réceptionnés les récits par les lecteurs ? Cet article prétend traiter cette question à partir de l’analyse des formes de réception des publications liées à une enquête sociologique sur les placements d’enfants. L’auteure rend compte d’échanges avec des lecteurs et montre le continuum entre la narration sociologique et les enquêtes menées par les personnes concernées : les récits publicisés appellent d’autres récits. Dans la perspective d’un rapport réversible entre connaissance et reconnaissance, l’article invite à remettre en question le pouvoir des récits pour les lecteurs et le pouvoir des retours des lecteurs pour l’analyse sociologique. Les formes de mobilisation des récits par les lecteurs montrent que la narration sociologique participe au dialogue social en exposant des situations singulières pour mieux les inscrire dans la dialectique du social entre eux et moi ; eux et nous ; avant et aujourd’hui ; ici et là-bas. Les récits donnent du pouvoir collectif quand ils permettent de se relier à d’autres en montrant les logiques afférentes à l’institution du placement et ainsi replacer les responsabilités individuelles dans les responsabilités collectives.
D’un point de vue méthodologique, l’expérience-enquête sur les réceptions relève d’une analyse a posteriori des interactions qui ont pris la forme de correspondance numérique, de communication téléphonique, de rencontre virtuelle et réelle.
« La galère commence »
Authors: Beunardeau Pauline 
Published: November 2016

Ils ont troqué la plume des générations précédentes contre un clavier d’ordinateur. Le phénomène connaît il y a quatre ans une explosion, à tel point qu’actuellement, plusieurs centaines de récits de vie — des « chroniques », les appelle-t-on — se disputent la popularité sur la toile. Âgés de 16 à 24 ans, les « chroniqueuses » et, en moindre proportion, les « chroniqueurs » deFacebook, célèbre site de réseautage social, se saisissent de cet espace numérique pour rédiger et publier leur histoire. Suivis par des milliers de fans, ils s’attachent à relater la vie quotidienne dans le décor des cités.Pour ces jeunes issu·e·s de quartiers populaires, l’expérience d’écriture et de lecture participe de l’expérience de la « galère », autant que d’un travail réflexif sur celle-ci. Après avoir clarifié la nature de ces entreprises narratives, l’article propose donc d’explorer l’une d’entre elles, afin d’appréhender par la lecture romanesque la « galère » vécue au féminin.
Experimental and theoretical analyses of gate oxide and junction reliability for 4H-SiC MOSFET under short-circuit operation
Authors: An Junjie , Namai Masaki , Iwamuro Noriyuki 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this study, the experimental evaluation and numerical analysis of the short-circuit capability of the 1200 V SiC MOSFET with a thin gate oxide layer were carried out. Two different failures, including the gate oxide breakdown and thermal runaway of the device caused by the high gate electric field and elevated lattice temperature, were initially investigated and their critical temperature points for two failure modes were accurately extrapolated by solving the thermal diffusion equation; the obtained results are in good agreement with simulation results. It was confirmed that short-circuit robustness depends not only on thermal properties of the material but also on dimensional parameters of the device and that the heat is the dominant factor that causes device failure during short-circuit transient.
p-Cu2O/SiOx/n-SiC/n-Si memory diode fabricated with room-temperature-sputtered n-SiC and SiOx
Authors: Yamashita Atsushi , Tsukamoto Takahiro , Suda Yoshiyuki 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We investigated low-temperature fabrication processes for our previously proposed pn memory diode with a p-Cu2O/SiC
x
O
y
/n-SiC/n-Si structure having resistive nonvolatile memory and rectifying behaviors suitable for a cross-point memory array with the highest theoretical density. In previous fabrication processes, n-SiC was formed by sputtering at 1113 K, and SiC
x
O
y
and p-Cu2O were formed by the thermal oxidation of n-SiC and Cu at 1073 and 473 K, respectively. In this study, we propose a pn memory diode with a p-Cu2O/SiO
x
/n-SiC/n-Si structure, where n-SiC and SiO
x
layers are deposited by sputtering at room temperature. The proposed processes enable the fabrication of the pn memory diode at temperatures of not more than 473 K, which is used for the formation of p-Cu2O. This memory diode exhibits good nonvolatile memory and rectifying characteristics. These proposed low-temperature fabrication processes are expected to expand the range of fabrication processes applicable to current LSI fabrication processes.
Basic study of fine particle removal using microplasma and its electrostatic effect
Authors: Shimizu Kazuo , Ito Akihiko , Blajan Marius , Kristof Jaroslav , Yoneda Hitoki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFine particle control is gathering attention in the field of semiconductor manufacturing, indoor environments and so on. In order to remove the fine particles, thin film electrodes were utilized, thus the electrostatic forces occurring on the electrode surface acted on the particles. The thin film electrode, with a discharge gap set to 25 µm, enabled the discharge to occur at the voltage of about 1 kV. Fifty micrometer SiO2particles were used as the objective particles to be removed from the electrode surface. When an AC voltage of 1.0 kV and 500 Hz was applied to the electrode, the particles were transferred to the outside part of the electrodes and 94% of the particles were removed. Additionally, it was observed that removal rate varied with frequency of the applied voltage. We conclude that fine particles charged by the contact with the electrode and microplasma were transferred by the electrostatic forces.
Optimum temperature on corrosion resistance for plasma ion nitrided 316L stainless steel in sea water solution
Authors: Chong Sang-Ok , Kim Seong-Jong 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The aim of this research is to investigate the optimum plasma ion nitriding temperature on corrosion resistance in natural sea water for plasma ion nitrided 316L stainless steel. Plasma ion nitriding was conducted at different temperatures of 350, 400, 450, and 500 °C with a mixture of 75% of nitrogen and 25% of hydrogen during 10 h. In conclusion of anodic polarization test, a wide passive potential region and a high corrosion potential were observed at a plasma ion nitriding temperature of 450 °C. Moreover, relatively less damage depth and clean surface micrographs were observed at 450 °C as results of observation of three-dimensional (3D) microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) after polarization experiments. In addition, higher corrosion potential and lower corrosion current density were indicated at plasma ion nitrided samples than the value of untreated substrate after Tafel analysis. Hence, plasma ion nitrided at 450 °C in sea water solution represented optimum corrosion resistance among the all the plasma ion nitriding temperature parameters.
Preparation and catalytic behavior of CeO2 nanoparticles on Al2O3 crystal
Authors: Hattori Takashi , Kobayashi Katsutoshi , Ozawa Masakuni 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this work, we examined the preparation, morphology, and catalytic behavior of CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on Al2O3(0001) crystal substrates. A CeO2 NP layer was prepared by the dipping method using a CeO2 nanocrystal colloid solution. Even after heat treatment at 1000 °C, the CeO2 NP layer maintained the granular morphology of CeO2 with a grain diameter of less than 40 nm. CeO2 NPs on an Al2O3 crystal showed higher oxidation activity for gaseous hydrogen at moderate temperatures and enhanced oxygen release properties of CeO2, compared with CeO2 powder. This was due to the highly dispersed CeO2 NPs and the interaction between CeO2 NPs and Al2O3; this clarified the importance of the Al2O3 support for the CeO2 catalyst.
The temperature of the Icelandic mantle from olivine‐spinel aluminum exchange thermometry
Authors: Matthews S. , Shorttle O. , Maclennan J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNew crystallization temperatures for four eruptions from the Northern Volcanic Zone of Iceland are determined using olivine‐spinel aluminum exchange thermometry. Differences in the olivine crystallization temperatures between these eruptions are consistent with variable extents of cooling during fractional crystallization. However, the crystallization temperatures for Iceland are systematically offset to higher temperatures than equivalent olivine‐spinel aluminum exchange crystallization temperatures published for MORB, an effect that cannot be explained by fractional crystallization. The highest observed crystallization temperature in Iceland is 1399 ± 20°C. In order to convert crystallization temperatures to mantle potential temperature, we developed a model of multilithology mantle melting that tracks the thermal evolution of the mantle during isentropic decompression melting. With this model, we explore the controls on the temperature at which primary melts begin to crystallize, as a function of source composition and the depth from which the magmas are derived. Large differences (200°C) in crystallization temperature can be generated by variations in mantle lithology, a magma's inferred depth of origin, and its thermal history. Combining this model with independent constraints on the magma volume flux and the effect of lithological heterogeneity on melt production, restricted regions of potential temperature‐lithology space can be identified as consistent with the observed crystallization temperatures. Mantle potential temperature is constrained to be
°C for Iceland and
°C for MORB.
The effects of 10 to >160 GPa shock on the magnetic properties of basalt and diabase
Authors: Bezaeva N. S. , Swanson‐Hysell N. L. , Tikoo S. M. , Badyukov D. D. , Kars M. , Egli R. , Chareev D. A. , Fairchild L. M. , Khakhalova E. , Strauss B. E. , Lindquist A. K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHypervelocity impacts within the solar system affect both the magnetic remanence and bulk magnetic properties of planetary materials. Spherical shock experiments are a novel way to simulate shock events that enable materials to reach high shock pressures with a variable pressure profile across a single sample (ranging between ∼10 and >160 GPa). Here we present spherical shock experiments on basaltic lava flow and diabase dike samples from the Osler Volcanic Group whose ferromagnetic mineralogy is dominated by pseudo‐single‐domain (titano)magnetite. Our experiments reveal shock‐induced changes in rock magnetic properties including a significant increase in remanent coercivity. Electron and magnetic force microscopy support the interpretation that this coercivity increase is the result of grain fracturing and associated domain wall pinning in multidomain grains. We introduce a method to discriminate between mechanical and thermal effects of shock on magnetic properties. Our approach involves conducting vacuum‐heating experiments on untreated specimens and comparing the hysteresis properties of heated and shocked specimens. First‐order reversal curve (FORC) experiments on untreated, heated, and shocked specimens demonstrate that shock and heating effects are fundamentally different for these samples: shock has a magnetic hardening effect that does not alter the intrinsic shape of FORC distributions, while heating alters the magnetic mineralogy as evident from significant changes in the shape of FORC contours. These experiments contextualize paleomagnetic and rock magnetic data of naturally shocked materials from terrestrial and extraterrestrial impact craters.
Reply to comment by Iverson on “The reduction of friction in long runout landslides as an emergent phenomenon”
Authors: Johnson Brandon C. , Campbell Charles S. , Melosh H. Jay 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHere we address the comments by Iverson (2016) on our recent work concerning the reduction of friction in long runout landslides. Iverson (2016) questions the veracity of our models and suggests that high basal pore fluid pressure is the dominant mechanism reducing friction in long runout landslides. The main goal of our work was to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the apparent reduction of friction and long runout occurring in the landslide simulations of Campbell et al. (1995), which did not include an interstitial fluid. We found that the apparent reduction of friction in large slides could be explained by acoustic waves causing sliding to preferentially occur at pressures below the expected overburden, a mechanism reminiscent of acoustic fluidization. Such a mechanism is required to explain the long runout of dry landslides such as those on the Moon and other airless or waterless bodies. While our models provide no estimates of the effect of fluids on landslide runout, we have demonstrated a mechanism that increases runout distances that does not involve fluids.
Iron‐Catalyzed Annulation of 1,2‐Diamines and Diazodicarbonyls for Diverse and Polyfunctionalized Quinoxalines, Pyrazines, and Benzoquinoxalines in Water
Authors: Pandit Rameshwar Prasad , Kim Sung Hong , Lee Yong Rok 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA novel and facile iron‐catalyzed tandem annulation of o‐phenylenediamines and diazocarbonyls in water for the construction of polyfunctionalized quinoxalines has been developed. The key strategy includes the one‐pot domino N−H insertion, cyclization, and oxidation reactions. This protocol offers a safe and mild synthetic approach to access a variety of quinoxaline derivatives in high yields. This methodology also allows the formation of biologically interesting pyrazines and benzoquinoxalines.magnified image
Evaluating metrics of responsiveness using patient‐reported outcome measures in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lidder Alcina K. , Detwiller Kara Y. , Price Caroline P.E. , Kern Robert C. , Conley David B. , Shintani‐Smith Stephanie , Welch Kevin C. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Peters Anju T. , Grammer Leslie C. , Man Li‐Xing , Schleimer Robert P. , Tan Bruce K. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundResponsiveness, or sensitivity to clinical change, is important when selecting patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) for research and clinical applications. This study compares responsiveness of PROMs used in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) to inform the future development of a highly responsive instrument that accurately portrays CRS patients’ symptom experiences.MethodsAdult CRS patients initiating medical therapy (MT; n = 143) or undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery after failing MT (ESS; n = 123) completed the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), European Position Statement on Rhinosinusitis (EPOS) visual analog scale (VAS), and 29‐item Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS‐29) at baseline and 3 months after treatment. Cohen's d and paired t statistics were used to evaluate the responsiveness of each measure.ResultsFifty‐two (36.4%) subjects and 42 (34.1%) subjects in the MT and ESS groups, respectively, completed baseline and 3‐month questionnaires. Subjects with and without 3‐month data were similar with respect to baseline demographics, VAS scores, and SNOT‐22 scores (p > 0.05). In MT patients, CRS‐specific measures, like VAS (d = −0.58, p < 0.01; t = −1.81, p > 0.05) and SNOT‐22 (d = −0.70, p < 0.01; t = −3.29, p < 0.05) scores, were more responsive than PROMIS‐29 general health domains (p > 0.05 for Cohen's d). In ESS patients, VAS (d = −1.97; t = −9.63, both p < 0.01) and SNOT‐22 (d = −1.56; t = −9.99, both p < 0.01) scores were similarly more responsive, although changes in PROMIS‐29 domains of Fatigue (d = −0.82, p = 0.01; t = −4.63, p < 0.01), Sleep Disturbance (d = −0.83; t = −3.77, both p < 0.01), and Pain Intensity (d = −1.0; t = −5.67, both p < 0.01) were significant. All 22 individual SNOT‐22 items differed significantly after surgery, whereas only 8 items were consistently responsive after MT.ConclusionsFor both MT and ESS patients, CRS‐specific PROMs are more responsive to posttreatment clinical changes than general health measures. Still, the SNOT‐22 contains items that likely decrease its overall responsiveness. Our findings also indicate that existing PROMs had a greater response to ESS than MT.