bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Even–odd layer-dependent magnetotransport of high-mobility Q-valley electrons in transition metal disulfides
Authors: Wu Zefei , Xu Shuigang , Lu Huanhuan , Khamoshi Armin , Liu Gui-Bin , Han Tianyi , Wu Yingying , Lin Jiangxiazi , Long Gen , He Yuheng , Cai Yuan , Yao Yugui , Zhang Fan , Wang Ning 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), the conduction bands along the ΓK directions shift downward energetically in the presence of interlayer interactions, forming six Q valleys related by threefold rotational symmetry and time reversal symmetry. In even layers, the extra inversion symmetry requires all states to be Kramers degenerate; whereas in odd layers, the intrinsic inversion asymmetry dictates the Q valleys to be spin-valley coupled. Here we report the transport characterization of prominent Shubnikov-de Hass (SdH) oscillations and the observation of the onset of quantum Hall plateaus for the Q-valley electrons in few-layer TMDCs. Universally in the SdH oscillations, we observe a valley Zeeman effect in all odd-layer TMDC devices and a spin Zeeman effect in all even-layer TMDC devices, which provide a crucial information for understanding the unique properties of multi-valley band structures of few-layer TMDCs.
Numerosity perception after size adaptation
Authors: Zimmermann Eckart , Fink Gereon R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhile some researchers propose the existence of a special numerosity sense, others challenge this view and argue that numerosity is derived from low-level features as density information. Here, we used size adaptation to manipulate the apparent area size of an object set without changing its physical density. After size adaptation, two probe patches were shown, each of which contained a specific numerosity of dots. Subjects were required to report, which probe patch contained more dots. Numerosity perception was compared between conditions where probe patches were adapted to appear smaller or larger. Size adaptation affected numerosity perception in a logarithmic fashion, increasing with the numerosity in the probe patch. No changes in density perception were found after size adaptation. Data suggest that size and density information play only a minor role in the estimation of low numerosities. In stark contrast, high numerosities strongly depend on size and density information. The data reinforce recent claims of separate mechanism for the perception of low and high numerosities.
Efficient Dual-Site Carbon Monoxide Electro-Catalysts via Interfacial Nano-Engineering
Authors: Liu Zhen , Huang Zhongyuan , Cheng Feifei , Guo Zhanhu , Wang Guangdi , Chen Xu , Wang Zhe 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDurable, highly efficient, and economic sound electrocatalysts for CO electrooxidation (COE) are the emerging key for wide variety of energy solutions, especially fuel cells and rechargeable metal−air batteries. Herein, we report the novel system of nickel−aluminum double layered hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) nanoplates on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) network. The formulation of such complexes system was to be induced through the assistance of gold nanoparticles in order to form dual-metal active sites so as to create a extended Au/NiO two phase zone. Bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NTf2) anion of ionic liquid electrolyte was selected to enhance the CO/O2 adsorption and to facilitate electro-catalyzed oxidation of Ni (OH)2 to NiOOH by increasing the electrophilicity of catalytic interface. The resulting neutral catalytic system exhibited ultra-high electrocatalytic activity and stability for CO electrooxidation than commercial and other reported precious metal catalysts. The turnover frequency (TOF) of the LDH-Au/CNTs COE catalyst was much higher than the previous reported other similar electrocatalysts, even close to the activity of solid-gas chemical catalysts at high temperature. Moreover, in the long-term durability testing, the negligible variation of current density remains exsisting after 1000 electrochemistry cycles.
Realizing Tao-Thouless-like state in fractional quantum spin Hall effect
Authors: Liu Chen-Rong , Guo Yao-Wu , Li Zhuo-Jun , Li Wei , Chen Yan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe quest for exotic quantum states of matter has become one of the most challenging tasks in modern condensed matter communications. Interplay between topology and strong electron-electron interactions leads to lots of fascinating effects since the discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect. Here, we theoretically study the Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling effect on a fractional quantum spin Hall system by means of finite size exact diagonalization. Numerical evidences from the ground degeneracies, states evolutions, entanglement spectra, and static structure factor calculations demonstrate that non-trivial fractional topological Tao-Thouless-like quantum state can be realized in the fractional quantum spin Hall effect in a thin torus geometric structure by tuning the strength of spin-orbit coupling. Furthermore, the experimental realization of the Tao-Thouless-like state as well as its evolution in optical lattices are also proposed. The importance of this prediction provides significant insight into the realization of exotic topological quantum states in optical lattice, and also opens a route for exploring the exotic quantum states in condensed matters in future.
IL-18BP is decreased in osteoporotic women: Prevents Inflammasome mediated IL-18 activation and reduces Th17 differentiation
Authors: Mansoori Mohd Nizam , Shukla Priyanka , Kakaji Manisha , Tyagi Abdul M , Srivastava Kamini , Shukla Manoj , Dixit Manisha , Kureel Jyoti , Gupta Sushil , Singh Divya 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIL-18BP is a natural antagonist of pro-inflammatory IL-18 cytokine linked to autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis. However, its role in post menopausal osteoporosis is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-18BP on murine osteoblasts, its effect on osteoblasts-CD4+ T cells and osteoblasts-CD11b+ macrophage co-culture. mIL-18BPd enhances osteoblast differentiation and inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 which process IL-18 to its active form. Using estrogen deficient mice, we also determined the effect of mIL-18BP on various immune and skeletal parameters. Ovariectomized mice treated with mIL-18BPd exhibited decrease in Th17/Treg ratio and pro-inflammatory cytokines. mIL-18BPd treatment restored trabecular microarchitecture, preserved cortical bone parameters likely attributed to an increased number of bone lining cells and reduced osteoclastogenesis. Importantly, these results were corroborated in female osteoporotic subjects where decreased serum IL-18BP levels and enhanced serum IL-18 levels were observed. Our study forms a strong basis for using humanized IL-18BP towards the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Carbon wrapped hierarchical Li3V2(PO4)3 microspheres for high performance lithium ion batteries
Authors: Liang Shuquan , Tan Qinguang , Xiong Wei , Tang Yan , Tan Xiaoping , Huang Linjun , Pan Anqiang , Cao Guozhong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNanomaterials are extensively studied in electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems because of their structural advantages. However, their volumetric energy density still needs improvement due to the high surface area, especially the carbon based nanocomposites. Constructing hierarchical micro-scaled materials from closely stacked subunits is proposed as an effective way to solve the problem. In this work, Li3V2(PO4)3@carbon hierarchical microspheres are prepared by a solvothermal reaction and subsequent annealing. Hierarchical Li3V2(PO4)3 structures with different subunits are obtained with the aid of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). Moreover, excessive PVP interconnect and form PVP-based hydrogels, which later convert into conductive carbon layer on the surface of Li3V2(PO4)3 microspheres during the annealing process. As a cathode material for lithium ion batteries, the 3D carbon wrapped Li3V2(PO4)3 hierarchical microspheres exhibit high rate capability and excellent cycling stability. The electrode has the capacity retention of 80% after 5000 cycles even at 50C.
Double Negativity in 3D Space Coiling Metamaterials
Authors: Maurya Santosh K. , Pandey Abhishek , Shukla Shobha , Saxena Sumit 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMetamaterials displaying negative refractive index has remarkable potential to facilitate the manipulation of incident waves for wide variety of applications such as cloaking, superlensing and the like. Space-coiling approach is a recently explored technique to achieve extreme properties. The space coiling phenomena cause less energy absorption as compared to local resonating phenomena for obtaining extreme parameters. Here we show extreme properties in doubly negative 3D space coiling acoustic metamaterials. Frequency dispersive spectrum of extreme constitutive parameters has been calculated for 2D maze and 3D space coiling labyrinthine structure. This is in good agreement to the calculated acoustic band dispersion.
Driving forces of soil bacterial community structure, diversity, and function in temperate grasslands and forests
Authors: Kaiser Kristin , Wemheuer Bernd , Korolkow Vera , Wemheuer Franziska , Nacke Heiko , Schöning Ingo , Schrumpf Marion , Daniel Rolf 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSoil bacteria provide a large range of ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling. Despite their important role in soil systems, compositional and functional responses of bacterial communities to different land use and management regimes are not fully understood. Here, we assessed soil bacterial communities in 150 forest and 150 grassland soils derived from three German regions by pyrotag sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Land use type (forest and grassland) and soil edaphic properties strongly affected bacterial community structure and function, whereas management regime had a minor effect. In addition, a separation of soil bacterial communities by sampling region was encountered. Soil pH was the best predictor for bacterial community structure, diversity and function. The application of multinomial log-linear models revealed distinct responses of abundant bacterial groups towards pH. Predicted functional profiles revealed that differences in land use not only select for distinct bacterial populations but also for specific functional traits. The combination of 16S rRNA data and corresponding functional profiles provided comprehensive insights into compositional and functional adaptations to changing environmental conditions associated with differences in land use and management.
Executive Functions in Children With Specific Language Impairment: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pauls Laura J. , Archibald Lisa M. D. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
Mounting evidence demonstrates deficits in children with specific language impairment (SLI) beyond the linguistic domain. Using meta-analysis, this study examined differences in children with and without SLI on tasks measuring inhibition and cognitive flexibility.

Method
Databases were searched for articles comparing children (4–14 years) with and without SLI on behavioral measures of inhibition or cognitive flexibility. Weighted average effect size was calculated using multilevel modeling to measure potential group differences.

Results

The analysis included 46 studies. Of those, 34 included inhibitory control measures and 22 included cognitive flexibility tasks. Children with SLI performed below same-aged peers on both inhibitory control tasks (
g
= −.56) and cognitive flexibility tasks (
g
= −.27). Moderator analyses showed no effect of linguistic task demands, participant age, or severity of language impairment on the degree of difference between children with SLI and controls on measures of inhibitory control.

Conclusion
Reliable differences between children with and without SLI were found on inhibition and cognitive flexibility tasks. A moderate group effect was found for inhibition tasks, but there was only a small effect for cognitive flexibility tasks. Results of moderator analyses suggest that these deficits are present throughout development despite task demands or severity of linguistic impairment.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963916
Early Mobilization after Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: Nozaki Hitomi , Ishida Yukihiro , Kanazawa Ikue , Inamoto Miku , Hayashi Kenichiro , Nishimura Nao , Nakagawa Satoshi , Kasahara Mureo , Kamikubo Takeshi , Tsuboi Norihiko 
Published: September 2016

Objective This study aims to evaluate the impact of early mobilization (EM) after pediatric liver transplantation in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
Design A 14-month prospective before and after study.
Setting Multivalent PICU with 20 beds at a tertiary children's hospital.
Patients A total of 57 patients aged younger than 16 years who received liver transplantation and were admitted to the PICU after surgery.
Interventions EM project, a multifaceted framework for successful EM practice in the PICU focusing on a multidisciplinary team approach.
Measurements and Main Results Compared with the period before the implementation of the EM project, there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients who received physical therapy in the PICU (43 vs. 97%, p < 0.001). Also, there were greater median numbers of physical therapy per eligible patient (0 vs. 3, p < 0.001). Moreover, patients achieved higher functional mobility level within a shorter time. Length of intubation, PICU stay, and hospital stay were not significantly different. There were no adverse events or deaths.
Conclusion Using an EM project process, the proportion of patients who received physical therapy after liver transplantation increased. However, there was no difference in the length of PICU or hospital stay. Our findings indicated that EM for pediatric patients who received liver transplantation was well tolerated and safe.
2-(m-Azidobenzoyl)taxol binds differentially to distinct β-tubulin isotypes
Authors: Yang Chia-Ping Huang , Yap Eng-Hui , Xiao Hui , Fiser Andras , Horwitz Susan Band 
Published: September 2016

Significance
β-Tubulin is a validated target for Taxol. There are seven β-tubulin isotypes present in distinct quantities in mammalian cells of different origin. Altered expression of βIII-tubulin is found in cancer cell lines and in human tumors resistant to Taxol. A tritium-labeled Taxol analog was used to determine that βIII-tubulin binds the least amount of drug, compared with other isotypes. Sequence analysis near the Taxol binding site revealed the presence of a unique Ala218 in βIII-tubulin. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that this residue could influence the ability of Taxol to interact with its binding site. These results link drug response with the β-tubulin isotypes present in a tumor and emphasize the importance of designing Taxol analogs that specifically interact with βIII-tubulin.
Higher-order free logic and the Prior-Kaplan paradox
Authors: Bacon Andrew , Hawthorne John , Uzquiano Gabriel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe principle of universal instantiation plays a pivotal role both in the derivation of intensional paradoxes such as Prior's paradox and Kaplan's paradox and the debate between necessitism and contingentism. We outline a distinctively free logical approach to the intensional paradoxes and note how the free logical outlook allows one to distinguish two different, though allied themes in higher-order necessitism. We examine the costs of this solution and compare it with the more familiar ramificationist approaches to higher-order logic. Our assessment of both approaches is largely pessimistic, and we remain reluctantly inclined to take Prior's and Kaplan's derivations at face value.
Epistemicism and modality
Authors: Yli-Vakkuri Juhani 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhat kind of semantics should someone who accepts the epistemicist theory of vagueness defended in Timothy Williamson'sVagueness(1994) give a definiteness operator? To impose some interesting constraints on acceptable answers to this question, I will assume that the object language also contains a metaphysical necessity operator and a metaphysical actuality operator. I will suggest that the answer is to be found by working within a three-dimensional model theory. I will provide sketches of two ways of extracting an epistemicist semantics from that model theory, one of which I will find to be more plausible than the other.
PDB2CD: a web-based application for the generation of circular dichroism spectra from protein atomic coordinates
Authors: Mavridis Lazaros , Janes Robert W 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Motivation
Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is extensively utilized for determining the percentages of secondary structure content present in proteins. However, although a large contributor, secondary structure is not the only factor that influences the shape and magnitude of the CD spectrum produced. Other structural features can make contributions so an entire protein structural conformation can give rise to a CD spectrum. There is a need for an application capable of generating protein CD spectra from atomic coordinates. However, no empirically derived method to do this currently exists.

Results
PDB2CD has been created as an empirical-based approach to the generation of protein CD spectra from atomic coordinates. The method utilizes a combination of structural features within the conformation of a protein; not only its percentage secondary structure content, but also the juxtaposition of these structural components relative to one another, and the overall structure similarity of the query protein to proteins in our dataset, the SP175 dataset, the ‘gold standard’ set obtained from the Protein Circular Dichroism Data Bank (PCDDB). A significant number of the CD spectra associated with the 71 proteins in this dataset have been produced with excellent accuracy using a leave-one-out cross-validation process. The method also creates spectra in good agreement with those of a test set of 14 proteins from the PCDDB. The PDB2CD package provides a web-based, user friendly approach to enable researchers to produce CD spectra from protein atomic coordinates.

Availability and implementation
http://pdb2cd.cryst.bbk.ac.uk

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The rheology of a growing leaf: stress-induced changes in the mechanical properties of leaves
Authors: Sahaf Michal , Sharon Eran 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We study in situ the mechanics and growth of a leaf. Young Nicotiana tabacum leaves respond to applied mechanical stress by altering both their mechanical properties and the characteristics of their growth. We observed two opposite behaviours, each with its own typical magnitude and timescale. On timescales of the order of minutes, the leaf deforms in response to applied tensile stress. During this phase we found a high correlation between the applied stress field and the local strain field throughout the leaf surface. For times over 12 hours the mechanical properties of the leaf become anisotropic, making it more resilient to deformation and restoring a nearly isotropic growth field despite the highly anisotropic load. These observations suggest that remodelling of the tissue allows the leaf to respond to mechanical perturbations by changing its properties. We discuss the relevance of the observed behaviour to the growth regulation that leads to proper leaf shape during growth.
Attenuated Positive Psychotic Symptoms in Relation to Cigarette Smoking in a Nonclinical Population
Authors: Wolfe Rebecca M. , Reeves Lauren E. , Gibson Lauren E. , Cooper Shanna , Ellman Lauren M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Introduction:
This study explored the association between cigarette smoking and attenuated positive psychotic symptoms in a young adult nonclinical sample.

Methods:
Undergraduates (N = 930), aged 18–35 years (26.3% male), completed a battery of self-report measures assessing subthreshold psychotic symptoms, cigarette smoking behavior/dependence, and drug use.

Results:
Individuals endorsing a greater number of attenuated positive psychotic symptoms were more likely to be smokers. Exploratory analyses indicated that the odds of being a smoker were two times greater for those at potential higher risk for psychosis compared with individuals at lower risk. Results were consistent after adjusting for sex and other drug use.

Conclusions:
In line with findings from psychotic populations, results suggest that attenuated positive psychotic symptoms, particularly those endorsed as distressing in a nonclinical, undergraduate population, are related to cigarette smoking.

Implications:
Even in nonclinical, undergraduate populations, subthreshold psychotic symptoms are related to cigarette smoking, and cigarette smokers are twice as likely to be considered at potentially higher risk for psychosis compared with noncigarette smokers. In summary, there may be a threshold whereby psychotic symptoms confer increased risk for nicotine consumption, with endorsement of a greater number of distressing subthreshold psychotic symptoms increasing the likelihood of cigarette use.
Imported Case of Lassa Fever in Sweden With Encephalopathy and Sensorineural Hearing Deficit
Authors: Grahn Anna , Bråve Andreas , Lagging Martin , Dotevall Leif , Ekqvist David , Hammarström Helena , Karlberg Helen , Lagerqvist Nina , Sansone Martina , Tegnell Anders , Ulleryd Peter , Studahl Marie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe describe an imported case of Lassa fever with both encephalopathy and bilateral sensorineural hearing deficit. Absence of fever during hospitalization, initially nonspecific symptoms, and onset of hearing deficit in a late stage of disease probably contributed to delayed diagnosis (14 days after admittance to hospital). The pathogenesis of neurological manifestations of Lassa fever is poorly understood and no specific treatment was given. A total of 118 personnel had close contact with the patient, but no secondary cases occurred. This case highlights the importance of considering Lassa fever as a differential diagnosis in patients with recent travel to endemic areas.
MAXI observations of long X-ray bursts
Authors: Serino Motoko , Iwakiri Wataru , Tamagawa Toru , Sakamoto Takanori , Nakahira Satoshi , Matsuoka Masaru , Yamaoka Kazutaka , Negoro Hitoshi 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We report nine long X-ray bursts from neutron stars, detected with the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI). Some of these bursts lasted for hours, and hence are qualified as superbursts, which are prolonged thermonuclear flashes on neutron stars and are relatively rare events. MAXI observes roughly 85% of the whole sky every 92 minutes in the 2–20 keV energy band, and has detected nine bursts with a long e-folding decay time, ranging from 0.27 to 5.2 hr, since its launch in 2009 August until 2015 August. The majority of the nine events were found to originate from transient X-ray sources. The persistent luminosities of the sources, when these prolonged bursts were observed, were lower than 1% of the Eddington luminosity for five of them and lower than 20% for the rest. This trend is contrastive to the 18 superbursts observed before MAXI, all but two of which originated from bright persistent sources. The distribution of the total emitted energy, i.e., the product of e-folding time and luminosity, of these bursts clusters around 1041–1042 erg, whereas both the e-folding time and luminosity ranges for an order of magnitude. Among the nine events, two were from 4U 1850−086 during phases of relatively low persistent flux, whereas it usually exhibits standard short X-ray bursts during outbursts.