bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization of the Intimal Flap in Intracranial Arterial Dissection Using High‐Resolution 3T MRI
Authors: Uemura Masahiro , Terajima Kenshi , Suzuki Yuji , Watanabe Masaki , Akaiwa Yasuhisa , Katada Shinichi , Okamoto Kouichirou , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Igarashi Hironaka , Nakada Tsutomu 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPresence of an intimal flap is a critical imaging finding in diagnosing intracranial artery dissection (ICAD). Recent reports showed that high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was better at identifying intimal flaps as compared with routine MRI techniques used in clinical settings. However, no current standardized sequence for high‐resolution MRI without gadolinium enhancement produces images of satisfactory quality with clinically tolerable scanning times. This study evaluated a nonenhanced high‐resolution fast spin echo (HR‐FSE) MRI sequence for visualizing intimal flaps in patients with ICAD.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThree patients with ICAD underwent plain MRI examination using a 2‐dimensional T2‐weighted FSE imaging sequence optimized for our 3T system (in‐plane pixel size, .23 mm × .23 mm; slice thickness 3 mm with no interslice gap), as well as scanning with conventional modalities, including CT angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, and digital subtraction angiography. We assessed whether these imaging methods could visualize an intimal flap and/or double lumen sign in the participants and compared the results between HR‐FSE and the other modalities.RESULTSHR‐FSE images clearly showed intimal flaps and double lumen signs in all 3 patients, whereas the conventional modalities identified a double lumen sign in only 2 of the 3 patients.CONCLUSIONSThe present method of optimized HR‐FSE imaging with a 3T system improved visualization of intimal flaps and should thus be considered for assessing patients with suspected ICAD that cannot be definitively diagnosed by conventional imaging modalities.
Marginal Subsidies in Tullock Contests
Authors: THOMAS JONATHAN P. , WANG ZHEWEI 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn a general Tullock contest, we examine a situation where a limited resource can be used to provide marginal subsidies to either player (weak or strong), or to increase the prize directly. We show that to maximize total effort, subsidizing the weak/strong player is preferred when the contest is sufficiently accurate/inaccurate. This result generalizes to n‐player lottery contests. In a lottery contest (Tullock contest with ), we derive the optimal scheme for a full range of resource: when the resource is small, it is optimal to only subsidize the weak player; when it is large, both players should be subsidized simultaneously.
Difference‐Form Persuasion Contests
Authors: SKAPERDAS STERGIOS , TOUKAN AMJAD , VAIDYA SAMARTH 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe explore the equilibrium properties of two types of “difference‐form” persuasion contest functions derived in Skaperdas and Vaidya in which contestants spend resources to persuade an audience. We find that both types of functions generate interior pure strategy Nash equilibria unlike Baik and Che and Gale with characteristics different to existing literature. For one type of function, we find that the reaction function of each player is “flat” and nonresponsive to the level of resources devoted by the rival so that the “preemption effect” as defined by Che and Gale is absent. Further, the equilibrium is invariant to the sequencing of moves. For the second type of function, which applies when there is asymmetry among contestants with regard to the quality of evidence, we find that the reaction functions of the stronger and weaker players have gradients with opposite signs relative to Dixit and therefore their incentive to precommit expenditures in a sequential move game is also different. For both types of functions, the extent of rent dissipation is partial. From the equilibrium analysis, we are also able to establish the potential effects of some specific factors affecting persuasion such as evidence potency, the degree of truth, and bias on aggregate resource expenditures and welfare.
SolCos model‐based individual reminiscence for older adults with mild to moderate dementia in nursing homes: a randomized controlled intervention study
Authors: Van Bogaert P. , Tolson D. , Eerlingen R. , Carvers D. , Wouters K. , Paque K. , Timmermans O. , Dilles T. , Engelborghs S. 
Published: August 2016

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

To stimulate reminiscence of older adults with dementia performed individually or through group sessions is a well‐known practice in nursing homes resulting in effects on behaviour and well‐being as an alternative for medication.

Robust scientific proof of the effectiveness of individual reminiscence therapy performed in nursing homes is sparse.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

We have provided individual standardized reminiscence therapy to residents with dementia. The therapy was developed and tested in a previous study and performed in this study by trained nursing home volunteers.

In comparison with a control group who received usual care, residents who received the reminiscence therapy showed significant less depressive symptoms. Moreover, residents were, in general, attentive, open and collaborative during the sessions and volunteers experienced the sessions as useful and pleasant.

What are the implications for practice?

Individual reminiscence therapy can be learned and used by nursing home volunteers to improve care in nursing homes.

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of a standardized individualized intervention based on the SolCos transformational reminiscence model on depressive symptoms (primary outcome), cognition and behaviour (secondary outcomes) for older people with mild to moderate dementia, performed by trained nursing home volunteers as facilitators.BackgroundBecause of limited pharmacological treatment options for older adults with dementia relevant physical, sensory, psychological or social interventions offer alternative opportunities.MethodRandomized controlled trial (ISRCTN74355073) was set up in two nursing homes with 29 and 31 residents in the intervention and the control groups respectively. Eighteen nursing home volunteers were trained to perform the reminiscence therapy. Various assessment scales were measured pre‐ and post‐sessions.ResultsLinear regression analysis showed an impact on depressive symptoms. However, no impact was identified on cognition and behaviour. Facilitators experienced the sessions as useful and pleasant, and study participants were, in general, attentive, open and collaborative.DiscussionStudy results showed that organizing standardized individual reminiscence therapy with nursing home volunteers was feasible and study participants' attention and participation were overall good. Further study initiatives to explore the potential of individual reminiscence therapy within a person‐centred framework are recommended in order to improve care in nursing homes.
Stability of genetic diversity in an intertidal goby population after exposure to tsunami disturbance
Authors: Hirase Shotaro , Ikeda Minoru , Hayasaka Shun , Iwasaki Wataru , Kijima Akihiro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMassive tsunami disturbances have potentially detrimental effects on genetic diversity and effective population size of coastal marine species, and evaluating these effects can be useful for devising conservation strategies for coastal marine environments. Local populations of the intertidal goby Chaenogobius annularis, which are distributed on scattered rocky beaches of the Japanese Archipelago, show demographic independence without overlapping generations, making this an ideal species with which to study the effects of tsunami disturbance on genetic diversity. Some of these populations were affected by the tsunami of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. Here, we investigated the change in genetic diversity of a local population of this species, which was located close to the epicenter of the earthquake, across the cohorts before and after the tsunami and evaluated the impact of the tsunami disturbance. Genetic diversity was maintained after the tsunami, and no change in the effective population size was observed. Our results suggest that the tsunami disturbance has had no marked impact on the genetic diversity of C. annularis.
Variations in attack behaviours betweenGlossina palpalis gambiensisandG.tachinoidesin a gallery forest suggest host specificity
Authors: SALOU E. , RAYAISSE J. B. , KABA D. , DJOHAN V. , YONI W. , BARRY I. , DOFINI F. , BOUYER J. , SOLANO P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTsetse fliesGlossina palpalis gambiensisandG. tachinoidesare among the major vectors of sleeping sickness (HumanAfricanTrypanosomiasis‐HAT) and nagana (AfricanAnimalTrypanosomiasis – AAT) inWestAfrica. Both riparian species occur sympatrically in gallery forests of south westBurkinaFaso, but little is known of their interspecies relationships although different authors think there may be some competition between them. The aim of this study was to check if sympatric species have different strategies when approaching a host. A man placed in a sticky cube (1 m × 1 m × 1 m) and a sticky black‐blue‐black target (1 m × 1 m) were used to capture tsetse along theComoe river banks in aLatinSquare design. The number and the height at which tsetse were caught by each capture method were recorded according to species and sex.Glossina p. gambiensiswas more attracted to human bait than to the target, but both species were captured at a significantly higher height on the target compared with the human bait (P < 0.05). No significant difference in heights was found betweenG.tachinoidesandG.p. gambiensiscaptured on targets (33 and 35 cm, respectively,P > 0.05). However, catches on human bait showed a significant difference in height betweenG.tachinoidesandG.p. gambiensis(22.5 and 30.6 cm, respectively,P < 0.001). This study showed that these sympatric species had different attack behaviours to humans, which is not the case with the target. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Pseudodystonia in sarcoid myopathy
Authors: Uwatoko Hisashi , Yabe Ichiro , Shirai Shinichi , Takahashi Ikuko , Matsushima Masaaki , Kano Takahiro , Sasaki Hidenao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe describe a 61‐year‐old woman with difficulty extending her left ring finger and little finger caused by sarcoid myopathy. As her symptom temporarily improved with carpal flexion or forearm pronation, we once misdiagnosed her as having dystonia of the upper limb. Her symptom gradually worsened, and muscle biopsy specimen revealed sarcoid myopathy. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging of the left forearm showed abnormal signals in the quadriceps femoris and biceps brachii muscles, and the area surrounding the flexor digitorum profundus and supinator muscles. Treatment with prednisolone was effective, and stopped progression of the symptom. Adhesion of the supinator muscle and flexor digitorum profundus as a result of inflammation might have caused limited extension of the flexor digitorum profundus.
Genetic education, knowledge and experiences between nurses and physicians in primary care in Brazil: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lopes‐Júnior Luís Carlos , Carvalho Júnior Paulo Marcondes , de Faria Ferraz Victor Evangelista , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira , Van Riper Marcia , Flória‐Santos Milena 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecent advances in genomics and related technologies have the potential to improve health care throughout the world. In this cross‐sectional study, we examine genetics education, knowledge, and genetics‐related experiences among the nurses and physicians who provide primary care in a Brazilian city. Fifty‐four healthcare professionals from family health units participated in the study (response rate: 90%). Data were collected using a structured 36‐item questionnaire divided into five axes: sociodemographic data and academic background; genetics education; genetics knowledge; genetics‐related experiences in family practice; and knowledge regarding the National Policy for Comprehensive Care in Clinical Genetics in the Unified Health System. Although most participants (85.2%) acknowledged receiving some genetic content during their undergraduate education, the majority (77.8%) advised that they did not feel prepared to deliver genomics‐based health care in primary care. The results suggest that nurses and physicians often lack the knowledge to provide genomics‐based health care in primary care. Therefore, continuing education in genetics/genomics should be provided to primary healthcare professionals in order to enhance family practice and compliance with national policies.
Comparative study of skin autofluorescence expression in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis: A prospective in vivo study
Authors: Yim J. H. , Jeong K. H. , Shin M. K. 
Published: August 2016

Background/purposeTreatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis requires their differentiation from other eczematoid dermatitis and a determination of disease severity. However, both can be clinically difficult and the findings subjectively interpreted. We investigated the utility of in vivo autofluorescence (AF) measurements for diagnosis of both diseases, and determination of severity.Materials and methodsThirty patients with AD and 30 with psoriasis were recruited, together with sex‐ and age‐matched patients with healthy skin. AF intensity was measured using the EcoSkin® fluorescence video dermatoscope. In AD and psoriasis patients, AF in non‐sun‐exposed lesional and non‐lesional skin was measured. To identify the locations that reflect characteristics of AD, AF was also measured at the other sites in the patients with AD.ResultsAD was associated with lower AF and psoriasis with higher AF intensity peaking around 620 nm. In addition, skin AF intensity of each disease was associated with severity of lesion.ConclusionsNon‐invasive measurement of skin AF in vivo can aid in diagnosis of AD and psoriasis as well as in treatment monitoring.
Molecular immunology profiles of monkeys following xenografting with the islets and heart of α‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase knockout pigs
Authors: Ock Sun A , Lee Jungkyu , Oh Keon Bong , Hwang Seongsoo , Yun Ik Jin , Ahn Curie , Chee Hyun Keun , Kim Hwajung , Park Jae Berm , Kim Sung Joo , Kim Youngim , Im Gi‐Sun , Park EungWoo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEffective immunosuppression strategies and genetically modified animals have been used to prevent hyperacute and acute xenograft rejection; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated the expression of a comprehensive set of immune system‐related genes (89 genes, including five housekeeping genes) in the blood of cynomolgus monkeys (~5 yr old) used as graft recipients, before and after the xenografting of the islets and heart from single and double α‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase (GalT) knockout (KO) pigs (<6 weeks old). The immunosuppressive regimen included administration of cobra venom factor, anti‐thymocyte globulin, rituximab, and anti‐CD154 monoclonal antibodies to recipients before and after grafting. Islets were xenografted into the portal vein in type 1 diabetic monkeys, and the heart was xenografted by heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation. Genes from recipient blood were analyzed using RT2 profiler PCR arrays and the web‐based RT2 profiler PCR array software v.3.5. Recipients treated with immunosuppressive agents without grafting showed significant downregulation of CCL5, CCR4, CCR6, CD4, CD40LG, CXCR3, FASLG, CXCR3, FOXP3, GATA3, IGNG, L10, IL23A, TRAF6, MAPK8, MIF, STAT4, TBX21, TLR3, TLR7, and TYK2 and upregulation of IFNGR1; thus, genes involved in protection against viral and bacterial infection were downregulated, confirming the risk of infection. Notably, C3‐level control resulted in xenograft failure within 2 days because of a 7‐ to 11‐fold increase in all xenotransplanted models. Islet grafting using single GalT‐KO pigs resulted in upregulation of CXCL10 and MX1, early inflammation, and acute rejection‐associated signals at 2 days after xenografting. We observed at least 5‐fold upregulation in recipients transplanted with islets grafts from single (MX1) or double (C3, CCR8, IL6, IL13, IRF6, CXCL10, and MX1) GalT‐KO pigs after 77 days; single GalT‐KO incurred early losses owing to immune attacks. Our results suggest that this novel, simple, non‐invasive, and time‐efficient procedure (requiring only 1.5 ml blood) for evaluating graft success, minimizing immune rejection, and blocking infection.
Human antibody recognition of xenogeneic antigens (NeuGc and Gal) on porcine heart valves: could genetically modified pig heart valves reduce structural valve deterioration?
Authors: Lee Whayoung , Long Cassandra , Ramsoondar Jagdeece , Ayares David , Cooper David K. C. , Manji Rizwan A. , Hara Hidetaka 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundGlutaraldehyde‐fixed bioprosthetic heart valves (GBHVs) derived from wild‐type (WT, genetically unmodified) pigs are widely used clinically for heart valve replacement. There is evidence that their failure is related to an immune response. The use of valves from genetically engineered pigs that do not express specific pig antigens may prolong GBHV survival. Our aims were to determine (i) expression of Gal and NeuGc on heart (aortic and pulmonary) valves and pericardium of WT, α1,3‐galactosyltransferase gene knockout (GTKO) and GTKO/N‐glycolylneuraminic acid gene‐knockout (GTKO/NeuGcKO) pigs in comparison with three different commercially available GBHVs and (ii) to determine human antibody binding to these tissues.MethodsWild‐type, GTKO/CD46, and GTKO/CD46/NeuGcKO pig valves and pericardium were tested (i) fresh and (ii) after fixation with glutaraldehyde (0.02%, 0.2%, 2%). Sections of GBHVs, fresh and fixed valves, and pericardium were stained for Gal and NeuGc expression, and for human IgM and IgG antibody binding.ResultsGal and NeuGc expression was high on all GBHVs and WT pig valves/pericardium, but was absent after antigen‐specific‐knockout. There was no difference in antigen expression or antibody binding among WT aortic, pulmonary valves, and pericardium as well as GBHVs. Glutaraldehyde fixation did not alter expression of Gal or NeuGc. After incubation with human serum, human IgM and IgG bound to all GBHVs and WT pig valves/pericardium. Valves from GTKO/CD46 pigs and, particularly, GTKO/CD46/NeuGcKO pigs (with/without glutaraldehyde fixation) showed less IgM and IgG binding.ConclusionCompared to WT pigs, GTKO/CD46/NeuGcKO pigs would be preferable sources of GBHVs, because the absence of Gal/NeuGc expression reduces human antibody binding.
AN EASTERN ORTHODOX CRITIQUE OF THE SCIENCE–THEOLOGY DIALOGUE
Authors: Knight Christopher C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOn the basis of both philosophical arguments and the theological perspectives of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, a critique of two beliefs that are common within the mainstream science–theology dialogue is outlined. These relate to critical realism in understanding language usage and to naturalistic perspectives in relation to divine action. While the naturalistic perspectives on the history of the cosmos that are predominant within the dialogue are seen as generally acceptable from an Orthodox perspective, it is argued that they require theological expansion. This expansion suggests an understanding other than the “causal joint” model commonly adopted in relation to “special” divine action. This alternative model renders the distinction between “special” and “general” divine action redundant, and is based on what has been called a “teleological‐Christological” understanding of the cosmos, rooted in the fourth gospel's notion of the divine Logos. The relevance of this critique to scholars outside of the Orthodox community is urged.
SOME WAYS EMERGING ADULTS ARE SHAPING THE FUTURE OF RELIGION AND SCIENCE
Authors: Cootsona Greg 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article addresses how the field of religion and science will change in the coming decades by analyzing the attitudes of emerging adults (ages 18–30). I first present an overview of emerging adulthood to set the context for my analysis, especially highlighting the way in which emerging adults find themselves “in between” and in an “age of possibilities," free to explore a variety of options and thus often become “spiritual bricoleurs." Next, I expand on how a broadening pluralism in emerging adult culture changes both the conversation of “religion and science,” on one hand, and the locus for their interaction on the other. In the third section, I address the question of whether there exists a consensus view of how to relate religion and science. Paradoxically, though 18–30‐year‐olds perceive that there is conflict between science and religion, they personally endorse collaboration or independence. Finally, I draw conclusions for practitioners and theorists.
EARLY MODERN PROTESTANT VIRTUOSOS AND SCIENTISTS: SOME COMMENTS
Authors: von Greyerz Kaspar 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe following essay is divided in three parts. First, while sharing in principle Harrison's hypothesis of an affinity between the sixteenth‐century Reformation and early modern science, it questions the connection between the latter and the Weberian “disenchantment of the world.” Second, it suggests a broader group of possible actors than that envisaged by Harrison in referring to virtuoso collectors and their cabinets of curiosities who are rather marginalized in Harrison's narrative. And third, it highlights (in agreement with Harrison) the physico‐theology of the second half of the seventeenth and the first half of the eighteenth century and beyond as an important temporary fusion of religion/theology and science at a time when the new science was still striving for social and religious respectability.
SECULARIZING DEMONS: FUNDAMENTALIST NAVIGATIONS IN RELIGION AND SECULARITY
Authors: O'Donnell S. Jonathon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSince the turn of the millennium, theologians and secular scholars of religion have increasingly begun exploring the relationship between transhumanism and religion. However, analyses of anti‐transhumanist apocalypticisms are still rare, and those that exist are situated mainly among broader explorations of religious and secular bioconservatism. This article addresses this lack of specificity by drawing analyses of transhumanism and religion into dialogue with explorations of contemporary demonology through a close study of the beliefs of the evangelical conspiracist Thomas Horn and the anti‐transhumanist milieu around him. Exploring the milieu's multifaceted demonology of the secular world in light of genealogies of religion and secularity, the article situates Horn's demonology as one attempt to negotiate these genealogies, using what Sean McCloud terms a “‘supernatural’ hermeneutics of suspicion” that sees spiritual forces as the structural base of reality. It argues that, while fringe, milieus like Horn's illuminate broader cultural tensions and genealogical relations surrounding the place of religion in a secular(izing) world.