bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow-dependent YAP/TAZ activities regulate endothelial phenotypes and atherosclerosis
Authors: Wang Kuei-Chun , Yeh Yi-Ting , Nguyen Phu , Limqueco Elaine , Lopez Jocelyn , Thorossian Satenick , Guan Kun-Liang , Li Yi-Shuan J. , Chien Shu 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are emerging as key regulators of cell fate in response to biochemical and biophysical cues, but their role in modulating vascular homeostasis in health and disease is not clearly understood. In studying the flow regulation of YAP/TAZ activities in vascular endothelial cells, we find that disturbed flow (without a clear direction), but not laminar flow (with a clear direction), activates YAP/TAZ to promote the atheroprone phenotypes (proliferation and inflammation). We also demonstrate that inhibition of YAP/TAZ attenuates the atheroprone phenotypes and lesion progression in atherosclerotic mice. These findings indicate that YAP/TAZ serve as important mechanotransducers in the disturbed flow-induced atherogenesis and provide insights to the development of therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases.
Arid5a exacerbates IFN-γ–mediated septic shock by stabilizing T-bet mRNA
Authors: Zaman Mohammad Mahabub-Uz , Masuda Kazuya , Nyati Kishan Kumar , Dubey Praveen Kumar , Ripley Barry , Wang Kai , Chalise Jaya Prakash , Higa Mitsuru , Hanieh Hamza , Kishimoto Tadamitsu 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceSeptic shock is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Despite extensive efforts, septic shock remains a major medical challenge. In this study, using Arid5a-deficient mice, we demonstrated a critical role of this protein in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced shock through regulation of IFN-γ expression in T cells by preventing the mRNA degradation of its major transcription factor T-bet. Further, we identified the conserved stem loop structure at 3′UTR of T-bet mRNA required for binding Arid5a during its action. Our study indicates the therapeutic potential of anti-agonistic agents for Arid5a in the prevention of pathological conditions of septic shock.
24-Hydroxycholesterol participates in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor development
Authors: Soncini Matias , Corna Gianfranca , Moresco Marta , Coltella Nadia , Restuccia Umberto , Maggioni Daniela , Raccosta Laura , Lin Chin-Yo , Invernizzi Francesca , Crocchiolo Roberto , Doglioni Claudio , Traversari Catia , Bachi Angela , Bernardi Rosa , Bordignon Claudio , Gustafsson Jan-Åke , Russo Vincenzo 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Oxysterols promote tumor growth directly or through the dampening of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Whether oxysterols contribute to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) development and how they are generated within the pNET microenvironment are currently unknown. Here, we show that the 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-HC) oxysterol-generating enzyme Cyp46a1 is overexpressed during the angiogenic switch in rat insulin promoter 1–T-antigen 2 (RIP1-Tag2) pNET formation. Moreover, we report that Cyp46a1 overexpression requires hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1α). Importantly, we show that pharmacologic blockade and genetic inactivation of 24S-HC delays angiogenic switch and therefore tumor formation in RIP1-Tag2. Overexpression of Cyp46a1 transcripts in some human pNET samples suggests that targeting this axis in patients affected by pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors may be an effective therapeutic strategy.
Culture-independent study of bacterial communities in tropical river sediment
Authors: Thoetkiattikul Honglada , Mhuantong Wuttichai , Pinyakong Onruthai , Wisawapipat Worachart , Yamazoe Atsushi , Fujita Nobuyuki , Eurwilaichitr Lily , Champreda Verawat 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Ubiquitous microbial communities in river sediments actively govern organic matter decomposition, nutrient recycling, and remediation of toxic compounds. In this study, prokaryotic diversity in two major rivers in central Thailand, the Chao Phraya (CP) and the Tha Chin (TC) distributary was investigated. Significant differences in sediment physicochemical properties, particularly silt content, were noted between the two rivers. Tagged 16S rRNA sequencing on a 454 platform showed that the sediment microbiomes were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria and sulfur/sulfate reducing Deltaproteobacteria, represented by orders Desulfobacteriales and Desulfluromonadales together with organic degraders Betaproteobacteria (orders Burkholderiales and Rhodocyclales) together with the co-existence of Bacteroidetes predominated by Sphingobacteriales. Enrichment of specific bacterial orders was found in the clayey CP and silt-rich TC sediments, including various genera with known metabolic capability on decomposition of organic matter and xenobiotic compounds. The data represent one of the pioneered works revealing heterogeneity of bacteria in river sediments in the tropics.
Runaway electrons and Bremsstrahlung
Authors: Helander Per 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
If an electric field is applied to a plasma, it causes ‘runaway’ acceleration of some electrons—a phenomenon that has been known for almost a century. A paper by Embréus et al (2016 New J. Phys.

18 093023) calculates how the emission of Bremsstrahlung affects the upper end of the energy spectrum of these electrons, and finds that it is important to carefully account for finite energy of the emitted photons.
Trait coordination, mechanical behaviour and growth form plasticity of Amborella trichopoda under variation in canopy openness
Authors: Trueba Santiago , Isnard Sandrine , Barthélémy Daniel , Olson Mark E. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Understanding the distribution of traits across the angiosperm phylogeny helps map the nested hierarchy of features that characterize key nodes. Finding that Amborella is sister to the rest of the angiosperms has raised the question of whether it shares certain key functional trait characteristics, and plastic responses apparently widespread within the angiosperms at large. With this in mind, we test the hypothesis that local canopy openness induces plastic responses. We used this variation in morphological and functional traits to estimate the pervasiveness of trait scaling and leaf and stem economics. We studied the architecture of Amborella and how it varies under different degrees of canopy openness. We analyzed the coordination of 12 leaf and stem structural and functional traits, and the association of this covariation with differing morphologies. The Amborella habit is made up of a series of sympodial modules that vary in size and branching pattern under different canopy openness. Amborella stems vary from self-supporting to semi-scandent. Changes in stem elongation and leaf size in Amborella produce distinct morphologies under different light environments. Correlations were found between most leaf and stem functional traits. Stem tissue rigidity decreased with increasing canopy openness. Despite substantial modulation of leaf size and leaf mass per area by light availability, branches in different light environments had similar leaf area-stem size scaling. The sympodial growth observed in Amborella could point to an angiosperm synapomorphy. Our study provides evidence of intraspecific coordination between leaf and stem economic spectra. Trait variation along these spectra is likely adaptive under different light environments and is consistent with these plastic responses having been present in the angiosperm common ancestor.
DNA damage response induces structural alterations in histone H3–H4
Authors: Izumi Yudai , Fujii Kentaro , Yamamoto Satoshi , Matsuo Koichi , Namatame Hirofumi , Taniguchi Masaki , Yokoya Akinari 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSynchrotron-radiation circular-dichroism spectroscopy was used to reveal that the DNA damage response induces a decrement of α-helix and an increment of β-strand contents of histone H3–H4 extracted from X-ray–irradiated human HeLa cells. The trend of the structural alteration was qualitatively opposite to that of our previously reported results for histone H2A–H2B. These results strongly suggest that histones share roles in DNA damage responses, particularly in DNA repair processes and chromatin remodeling, via a specific structural alteration of each histone.
The Galactic fountain as an origin for the Smith Cloud
Authors: Marasco A. , Fraternali F. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The recent discovery of an enriched metallicity for the Smith high-velocity H i Cloud (SC) lends support to a Galactic origin for this system. We use a dynamical model of the galactic fountain to reproduce the observed properties of the SC. In our model, fountain clouds are ejected from the region of the disc spiral arms and move through the halo interacting with a pre-existing hot corona. We find that a simple model where cold gas outflows vertically from the Perseus spiral arm reproduces the kinematics and the distance of the SC, but is in disagreement with the cloud's cometary morphology, if this is produced by ram-pressure stripping by the ambient gas. To explain the cloud morphology, we explore two scenarios: (i) the outflow is inclined with respect to the vertical direction and (ii) the cloud is entrained by a fast wind that escapes an underlying superbubble. Solutions in agreement with all observational constraints can be found for both cases, the former requires outflow angles &gt;40° while the latter requires ≳1000 km s−1 winds. All scenarios predict that the SC is in the ascending phase of its trajectory and has large – but not implausible – energy requirements.
The distribution of mean and fluctuating magnetic fields in the multiphase interstellar medium
Authors: Evirgen C. C. , Gent F. A. , Shukurov A. , Fletcher A. , Bushby P. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We explore the effects of the multiphase structure of the interstellar medium (ISM) on galactic magnetic fields. Basing our analysis on compressible magnetohydrodynamic simulations of supernova-driven turbulence in the ISM, we investigate the properties of both the mean and fluctuating components of the magnetic field. We find that the mean magnetic field preferentially resides in the warm phase and is generally absent from the hot phase. The fluctuating magnetic field does not show such pronounced sensitivity to the multiphase structure.
Optical frequency divider with division uncertainty at the 10−21 level
Authors: Yao Yuan , Jiang Yanyi , Yu Hongfu , Bi Zhiyi , Ma Longsheng 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Optical clocks with unprecedented accuracy of 10−18 promise innovations in many research areas. Their applications rely to a large extent on the ability of precisely converting the frequency from one optical clock to another, or particularly to the frequencies in the fiber telecom band for long-distance transmission. This report demonstrates a low-noise, high-precision optical frequency divider, which realizes accurate optical frequency conversion and enables precise measurement of optical frequency ratios. By measuring against the frequency ratio between the fundamental and the second harmonic of a 1064-nm laser instead of a second copy of the same system, we demonstrate that the optical frequency divider has a fractional frequency division instability of 6 × 10−19 at 1 s and a fractional frequency division uncertainty of 1.4 × 10−21. The remarkable numbers can support frequency division of the best optical clocks in the world without frequency-conversion-caused degradation of their performance.
Sodium Bicarbonate for Control of ICP: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zeiler Frederick A. , Sader Nicholas , West Michael , Gillman Lawrence M. 
Published: September 2016

Objective:
Our goal was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the use of intravenous sodium bicarbonate for intracranial pressure (ICP) reduction in patients with neurologic illness.

Methods:
Data sources: articles from MEDLINE, BIOSIS, EMBASE, Global Health, Scopus, Cochrane Library, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (inception to April 2015), reference lists of relevant articles, and gray literature were searched.
Data extraction: 2 reviewers independently extracted data including population characteristics and treatment characteristics. The strength of evidence was adjudicated using both the Oxford and Grading of Recommendation Assessment Development and Education methodology.

Results:
Our search strategy produced a total 559 citations. Three original articles were included in the review. There were 2 prospective studies, 1 randomized control trial and 1 single arm, and 1 retrospective case report.
Across all studies there were a total of 19 patients studied, with 31 episodes of elevated ICP being treated. Twenty-one of those episodes were treated with sodium bicarbonate infusion, with the remaining 10 treated with hypertonic saline in a control model. All elevated ICP episodes treated with sodium bicarbonate solution demonstrated a significant drop in ICP, without an elevation of serum partial pressure of carbon dioxide. No significant complications were described.

Conclusions:
There currently exists Oxford level 4, Grading of Recommendation Assessment Development and Education D evidence to support an ICP reduction effect with intravenous sodium bicarbonate in TBI. No comments on its impact in other neuropathologic states, or on patient outcomes, can be made at this time.
Ultra–low-dose Naloxone as an Adjuvant to Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) With Morphine for Postoperative Pain Relief Following Lumber Discectomy: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Firouzian Abolfazl , Gholipour Baradari Afshin , Alipour Abbas , Emami Zeydi Amir , Zamani Kiasari Alieh , Emadi Seyed Abdollah , Kheradmand Behrooz , Hadadi Kaveh 
Published: September 2016

Background:Lumbar discectomy is one of the most commonly performed neurosurgical procedures. Many patients experience postoperative pain after lumbar discectomy. This study evaluated the effect of ultra–low-dose naloxone infusion on pain intensity after lumbar discectomy in individuals receiving patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine.Materials and Methods:In a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, a total of 80 patients scheduled for open discectomy was randomly assigned to receive naloxone (group N) or placebo (group P). After surgery, all patients were connected to a morphine PCA pump. Both groups received 500 mL of normal saline using a continuous infusion pump through a separate intravenous line for 24 hours. However, group N received a total dose of 0.25 μg/kg/h naloxone, which was added to the normal saline infusion. All patients were asked to grade the intensity of their pain, severity of nausea, vomiting, and pruritus on a 0 to 10 visual analog scale before being discharged from the postanesthesia care unit and at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively.Results:It was observed that both groups had a statistically significant (P<0.01) time trend difference for pain, nausea, and pruritus scores. A significant difference was found between the 2 groups in terms of intensity of pain, nausea, and pruritus, with the naloxone group experiencing a lower level in comparison with the placebo group. Moreover, the median (interquartile range) of morphine consumption after surgery for patients who received naloxone was 26 (24.25 to 28) mg, which is significantly (P<0.001) lower than for the placebo group, which had a median (interquartile range) of 34 (32 to 36) mg.Conclusions:It is concluded that infusion of ultra–low-dose naloxone (0.25 μg/kg/h) along with morphine PCA can significantly reduce pain intensity, morphine consumption, and opioid-induced nausea and pruritus after lumbar discectomy.
Extremely Preterm Infant Skin Care
Authors: Johnson Deanna E. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
The skin of extremely preterm infants is underdeveloped and has poor barrier function. Skin maintenance interventions initiated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have immediate and lifelong implications when the potential for infection, allergen sensitization, and altered aesthetic outcomes are considered. In addition, the high-level medical needs of extremely preterm infants demand skin-level medical interventions that too often result in unintended skin harm.

Purpose:
We describe the use of a harm prevention, or consequence-centered, approach to skin care, which facilitates safer practice for extremely premature infants.

Method:
Neonatal and pediatric Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN) came together for monthly meetings to review the evidence around best skin care practices for extremely preterm infants, with an emphasis on reduction of skin harm. Findings were focused on the population of interest and clinical implementation strategies.

Findings:
Skin care for extremely preterm infants remains overlooked by current literature. However, clinical practice pearls were extracted and applied in a manner that promotes safer skin care practices in the NICU.

Implications for Practice:
Gentle adhesives, such as silicone tapes and hydrogel-backed electrodes, can help to reduce medical adhesive-related skin injuries. Diaper wipes are not appropriate for use among extremely preterm infants, as many ingredients may contain potential allergens. Skin cleansers should be pH neutral to the skin and the prophylactic use of petrolatum-based emollients should be avoided.

Implications for Research:
Further exploration and understanding of skin care practices that examine issues of true risk versus hypothetical risk of harm.
Skin Rounds
Authors: Nist Marliese Dion , Rodgers Elizabeth A. , Ruth Brenda M. , Bertoni C. Briana , Bartman Thomas , Keller Leah A. , Dail James W. , Gardikes-Gingery Renee , Shepherd Edward G. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Skin injuries are common among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients and may lead to significant complications. Standardized methods of preventing, detecting, and treating skin injuries are needed.

Purpose:
The aim of this project was to standardize the assessment, documentation, and tracking of skin injuries among hospitalized neonatal patients and to determine the incidence of pressure ulcers in this patient population.

Methods:
(1) Creation of an interdisciplinary skin team to identify skin injuries through weekly skin rounds. (2) Assessment of all patients at least twice daily for the presence of skin injuries. Interventions were implemented upon identification of a skin injury. Pressure ulcers of Stage II or more were further assessed by wound/ostomy nurses.

Findings:
A total of 2299 NICU patients were hospitalized and assessed between July 2011 and December 2015. After the initiation of skin rounds, the baseline incidence of pressure ulcers increased from 0.49 per 1000 patient days to 4.6 per 1000 patient days, reflecting an improvement in detection and reporting. The most common skin injuries detected included erythema, skin tears, and ecchymosis; the most common cause of injuries was medical devices.

Implications for Practice:
A dedicated skin team can improve the detection and reporting of skin injuries among NICU patients. Determination of the incidence of pressure ulcers in this population is critical to develop targeted interventions.

Implications for Research:
Further research is needed to determine the most effective interventions to prevent and treat skin injuries among hospitalized neonates.
Heat Generation During Bone Drilling: A Comparison Between Industrial and Orthopaedic Drill Bits
Authors: Hein Christopher , Inceoglu Serkan , Juma David , Zuckerman Lee 
Published: September 2016

Objectives:
Cortical bone drilling for preparation of screw placement is common in multiple surgical fields. The heat generated while drilling may reach thresholds high enough to cause osteonecrosis. This can compromise implant stability. Orthopaedic drill bits are several orders more expensive than their similarly sized, publicly available industrial counterparts. We hypothesize that an industrial bit will generate less heat during drilling, and the bits will not generate more heat after multiple cortical passes.

Methods:
We compared 4 4.0 mm orthopaedic and 1 3.97 mm industrial drill bits. Three types of each bit were drilled into porcine femoral cortices 20 times. The temperature of the bone was measured with thermocouple transducers. The heat generated during the first 5 drill cycles for each bit was compared to the last 5 cycles. These data were analyzed with analysis of covariance.

Results:
The industrial drill bit generated the smallest mean increase in temperature (2.8 ± 0.29°C) P < 0.0001. No significant difference was identified comparing the first 5 cortices drilled to the last 5 cortices drilled for each bit. The P-values are as follows: Bosch (P = 0.73), Emerge (P = 0.09), Smith & Nephew (P = 0.08), Stryker (P = 0.086), and Synthes (P = 0.16). The industrial bit generated less heat during drilling than its orthopaedic counterparts. The bits maintained their performance after 20 drill cycles.

Conclusions:
Consideration should be given by manufacturers to design differences that may contribute to a more efficient cutting bit. Further investigation into the reuse of these drill bits may be warranted, as our data suggest their efficiency is maintained after multiple uses.
Pretreatment Tumor Thickness as a Predictor of Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy for Stage II/III Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Benhua , Chen Yuangui , Guo Yuyan , Zhou Debao , Yue Zhicao , Duan Qing , Yang Yinghong , Guan Guoxian , Chi Pan , Lin Chi 
Published: September 2016

Objectives:
To evaluate pretreatment tumor thickness in predicting pathologic complete response (pCR) of stage II/III rectal adenocarcinoma to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy [CRT]).

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 185 patients who were diagnosed with stage II or III rectal adenocarcinoma from January 2011 to July 2013 and treated with neoadjuvant intensity-modulated radiation therapy (45 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions to pelvis and 50 Gy in 2-Gy fractions to rectal tumor as an integrated boost) or 3 dimensionally conformal radiation therapy (45 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions to pelvis followed by an additional 5.4-Gy to rectal tumor) concurrently with two 3-week cycles of chemotherapy (oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1 and capecitabine 825 mg/m2, twice per day from day 1 to 14, cycle 2 starts on week 4). One week after CRT, 36% patients received 1 more cycle of the above chemotherapy and 55% received 1 to 2 cycles of FOLFOX6. Tumor response was categorized as pCR and non-pCR. Tumor thickness measured on magnetic resonance imaging was collected. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association of potential predictors and pCR.

Results:
Thirty-eight patients (20.5%) reached pCR. Multivariate analysis found the pretreatment tumor thickness to be associated with higher probability of pCR after adjusting for radiation therapy-surgery interval time and pretreatment carcino-embryonic antigen level. The pretreatment carcino-embryonic antigen level was associated with pCR in the univariate analysis but lost the association in the multivatiate model. The pretreatment T or N stage, tumor volume, distance from tumor to anal verge, craniocaudal length of tumor, radiation therapy technique, and patient age and sex were not associated with pCR.

Conclusions:
We concluded that pretreatment tumor thickness is an independent predictor for pCR of stage II/III rectal adenocarcinoma to the neoadjuvant CRT.