bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CO2 low‐level laser therapy has an early but not delayed pain effect during experimental tooth movement
Authors: Deguchi T. , Kim DG. , Kamioka H. 
Published: June 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that the use of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) reduces elevated pain by controlling the release of neurochemicals during orthodontic tooth movement.Setting and Sample PopulationDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Okayama University. Sixty‐five Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to tooth movement and LLLT.Materials and MethodsAdult Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. Groups included day 0 controls, irradiation only controls and with or without irradiation sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after tooth movement (n=5 each, total n=65). Tooth movement was achieved by insertion of an elastic module between molar teeth. Immunohistochemistry for CD‐11b, GFAP and c‐fos in the brain stem was performed. Stains were quantified by constructing a three‐dimensional image using IMARIS, and counted using NEURON TRACER and WinROOF software. Two‐way ANOVA followed by a Tukey's post hoc test (P<.05) was used for statistical comparison between groups.ResultsC‐fos expression was significantly increased at one and three days after tooth movement. LLLT significantly diminished this increase in c‐fos expression only at one day after tooth movement CD‐b11 and GFAP expression also significantly increased after tooth movement. No significant change was observed for CD‐11b and GFAP expression in the central nervous system upon LLLT.ConclusionLow‐level laser therapy may reduce early neurochemical markers but have no effect on delayed pain neurochemical markers after tooth movement.
The use of cell culture platforms to identify novel markers of bone and dentin resorption
Authors: Rody W. J. , Krokhin O. , Spicer V. , Chamberlain C. A. , Chamberlain M. , McHugh K. P. , Wallet S. M. , Emory A. K. , Crull J. D. , Holliday L. S. 
Published: June 2017

Structured AbstractObjectives1) To test the hypothesis that there would be proteomic differences in the composition of exosomes isolated from osteoclasts and odontoclasts and 2) to determine the clinical usefulness of these in vitro biomarker candidates.Materials and MethodsMouse bone marrow‐derived precursors were cultured on either dentin or bone slices and allowed to mature and begin resorption. Exosomes were isolated from cell culture media and characterized by mass spectrometry. The proteomic data obtained from this in vitro study were compared with the data obtained from human samples in our previous work.ResultsThere was a difference in the proteomic composition of exosomes from osteoclasts and odontoclasts. A total of 40 exosomal proteins were only present in osteoclast media, whereas six unique exosomal proteins were identified in odontoclast supernatants. Approximately 50% of exosomal proteins released by clastic cells in vitro can be found in oral fluids.ConclusionOur data suggest that the mineralized matrix type plays a role in the final phenotypic characteristics of mouse clastic cells. Many in vitro biomarker candidates of bone and dentin resorption can also be found in human oral fluids, thus indicating that this approach may be a viable alternative in biomarker discovery.
Effect of cyclical forces on orthodontic tooth movement, from animals to humans
Authors: Uribe F. , Dutra E. , Chandhoke T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractVibration as a non‐invasive method is currently available for clinical use with the potential to accelerate the rate of tooth movement in orthodontics. The aim of this review was to evaluate the basic science and clinical literature on the effects of vibration on the axial and appendicular skeleton including the craniofacial bone. Vibration as a dynamic load consisting of high oscillatory forces of low magnitude has shown osteogenic and anti‐catabolic effects on bone. These effects have been observed in the craniofacial skeleton including the alveolar bone as increases in sutural width and alveolar bone formation. Animal studies have shown conflicting results on vibration when superposed to orthodontic tooth movement. The effects range from increasing to decreasing the rate of tooth movement. Clinical studies in accelerating the rate of tooth movement have similar findings observed in animal studies. High‐frequency oscillatory forces of low magnitude are able to affect bone formation and remodelling. These effects of vibration are primarily anabolic and anti‐catabolic in bone, including the craniofacial skeleton and alveolar bone. The effect of vibration on accelerating the rate of orthodontic tooth movement is contradictory. Higher levels of evidence studies have not been able to show an acceleratory effect.
The fate of Osterix‐expressing mesenchymal cells in dental root formation and maintenance
Authors: Takahashi A. , Ono N. , Ono W. 
Published: June 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesOsterix (Osx)‐expressing mesenchymal cells are progenitors for tooth root forming cells. The aim of this study was to reveal the fates of Osx‐expressing cells during and after root formation using a lineage tracing experiment.Material and MethodsTo reveal the fates of Osx‐expressing dental mesenchymal progenitors, we took advantage of tamoxifen‐inducible Cre reporter system. Osx‐creER; R26R‐tdTomato mice received tamoxifen (0.1 mg/body) at postnatal day 3 (P3). In this system, Osx‐expressing at P3 (Osx‐P3) cells undergo recombination, and they and their descendants continue to express Tomato red fluorescence protein permanently. Mandibles were dissected at serial time points ranging from P4 to P116 to investigate how Osx‐P3 cells participated in root formation. Tomato+ cells on frozen sections were imaged under fluorescence microscopy.ResultsOsx‐P3 cells and their descendants differentiated into all kinds of cells that contributed to the root and periodontal tissues, such as odontoblasts, cementoblasts, alveolar bone osteoblasts and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells during root formation. Even after root formation was completed, they persisted in dental pulp and PDL to provide progenitor cells for odontoblasts and cementoblasts.ConclusionOsx‐expressing cells play important roles in the entire processes of tooth root formation; their progeny continue to contribute to maintenance of tooth root even after root formation is complete.
Calvarial bone development and suture closure in Dicer‐deficient mice
Authors: Atsawasuwan P. , Ouibaidin M. , Dalal B. , Khan H. , Mohammed A. 
Published: June 2017

Structured AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether lack of Dicer during calvaria development would lead to dysmorphology of calvaria and suture closure in mice.Materials and MethodsA conditional Dicer deficient under Osx promoter mouse was employed in this study. The 4‐ and 10‐week‐old conditional Dicer‐deficient mice control littermates and Osx‐cre transgenic mice were studied for calvarial bone morphology and suture closure. Dry skull, microcomputed tomography (μCT), histological and gene expression studies were investigated to evaluate the effect of Dicer deficiency on calvarial bone morphology and their related genes during calvaria development.ResultsThe results elucidated that complete suture closure was observed in 10‐week‐old conditional Dicer‐deficient mice while incomplete closure suture was observed in age‐matched Osx‐cre control mice. The μCT and histological sections demonstrated complete fusion of posterior frontal suture and dysmorphic calvarial bones in Dicer deficient mice compared to the ones in their littermates and age‐matched Osx‐cre control mice. Gene expression study demonstrated significantly increased expression of suture and calvarial bone‐related genes, that is Tgf‐beta family, Bmp3, Msx2, Alx4, Runx2 and Osx in Dicer‐deficient mice during suture closure time.ConclusionsThe results suggest mature miRNAs are important for suture closure and calvarial morphology during calvaria development.
The Cartesian Roots of Berkeley's Account of Sensation
Authors: Frankel Melissa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOn the old story about early modern philosophy, Descartes is a “rationalist” who devalues the senses, and Berkeley an “empiricist” who rejects this. Berkeley plays into this story in his Notebooks, where he writes: “in vindication of the senses effectually to confute wt Descartes saith in ye last par. of the last Med: viz. that the senses oftener inform him falsly than truely” (794). But when we turn to this “last par.,” we find Descartes maintaining that “my senses report the truth much more frequently than not” (CSM2: 61). In this paper, I draw on recent commentary to outline Descartes' positive account of sensation. I then look carefully at Berkeley's account of the same, in particular, by considering his distinction between human and divine perception and his account of the laws of nature. In so doing, I suggest that there are noteworthy parallels between Descartes' and Berkeley's accounts with respect to the function of sensation and the ways in which sensations can fulfill this function. I conclude by sketching some ways in which this understanding of Berkeley can illuminate some aspects of Berkeley scholarship.
Urban event detection with big data of taxi OD trips: A time series decomposition approach
Authors: Zhu Xi , Guo Diansheng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBig urban mobility data, such as taxi trips, cell phone records, and geo‐social media check‐ins, offer great opportunities for analyzing the dynamics, events, and spatiotemporal trends of the urban social landscape. In this article, we present a new approach to the detection of urban events based on location‐specific time series decomposition and outlier detection. The approach first extracts long‐term temporal trends and seasonal periodicity patterns. Events are defined as anomalies that deviate significantly from the prediction with the discovered temporal patterns, i.e., trend and periodicity. Specifically, we adopt the STL approach, i.e., seasonal and trend decomposition using LOESS (locally weighted scatterplot smoothing), to decompose the time series for each location into three components: long‐term trend, seasonal periodicity, and the remainder. Events are extracted from the remainder component for each location with an outlier detection method. We analyze over a billion taxi trips for over seven years in Manhattan (New York City) to detect and map urban events at different temporal resolutions. Results show that the approach is effective and robust in detecting events and revealing urban dynamics with both holistic understandings and location‐specific interpretations.
Dynamic spatial panel estimates of war contagion
Authors: Carmignani Fabrizio , Kler Parvinder 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe estimate the temporal, spatial and “spatio‐temporal” effects of war using a dynamic spatial panel model. Our argument is that it is important to account for both the space and temporal lags concurrently, while instead the existing literature largely tends to focus on one or the other. Key findings are as follows: first, there is evidence that both temporal and spatial effects significantly impact upon the duration of war. Second, we also find that the combined “spatio‐temporal” interaction effect is significant only when excluding contemporaneous spatial lag effect. Third, while stronger for high‐intensity conflict, spatial and temporal effects remain significant also for low‐intensity conflict. Fourth, the spatial effect is stronger in magnitude for interstate wars. Our results point to the importance of regional co‐operation for conflict prevention and peace stabilisation.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Bacillus
sp. Strain CDB3, an Arsenic-Resistant Soil Bacterium Isolated from Cattle Dip Sites
Authors: Yang Yiren , Zhang Ren 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Bacillus
sp. strain CDB3, isolated from cattle dip sites in Australia, is highly resistant to arsenic. It contains 22 arsenic resistance (
ars
) genes, of which 17 are organized in 3
ars
clusters. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of CDB3, which will assist us in understanding the overall
ars
mechanism.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Extremely Thermoacidophilic Archaeon
Acidianus manzaensis
YN-25
Authors: Ma Ya-long , Xia Jin-lan , Yang Yun , Nie Zhen-yuan , Liu Hong-chang , Liu Li-zhu 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The complete genome of
Acidianus manzaensis
YN-25 consists of a chromosome of 2,687,463 bp, with a G+C content of 30.62% and 2,746 coding DNA sequences. This archaeon contains a series of specific genes involved in the oxidation of elemental sulfur and reduced inorganic sulfur compounds.
Risk factors for head injury events in professional rugby union: a video analysis of 464 head injury events to inform proposed injury prevention strategies
Authors: Tucker Ross , Raftery Martin , Kemp Simon , Brown James , Fuller Gordon , Hester Ben , Cross Matthew , Quarrie Ken 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThe tackle is responsible for the majority of head injuries during rugby union. In order to address head injury risk, risk factors during the tackle must first be identified. This study analysed tackle characteristics in the professional game in order to inform potential interventions.Methods464 tackles resulting in a head injury assessment (HIA) were analysed in detail, with tackle type, direction, speed, acceleration, nature of head contact and player body position the characteristics of interest.ResultsPropensity to cause an HIA was significantly greater for active shoulder tackles, front-on tackles, high speeder tackles and an accelerating tackler. Head contact between a tackler’s head and ball carrier’s head or shoulder was significantly more likely to cause an HIA than contact below the level of the shoulder (incident rate ratio (IRR) 4.25, 95%–CI 3.38 to 5.35). The tackler experiences the majority (78%) of HIAs when head-to-head contact occurs. An upright tackler was 1.5 times more likely to experience an HIA than a bent at the waist tackler (IRR 1.44, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.76).ConclusionsThis study confirms that energy transfer in the tackle is a risk factor for head injury, since direction, type and speed all influence HIA propensity. The study provides evidence that body position and the height of tackles should be a focus for interventions, since lowering height and adopting a bent at the waist body position is associated with reduced risk for both tacklers and ball carriers. To this end, World Rugby has implemented law change based on the present data.
Detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotope geochemistry of metasedimentary strata in the southern Brooks Range: constraints on Neoproterozoic–Cretaceous evolution of Arctic Alaska
Authors: Hoiland Carl W. , Miller Elizabeth L. , Pease Victoria , Hourigan Jeremy K. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Mid-Palaeozoic assembly models for the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate predict the presence of cryptic crustal sutures, the exact locations and deformational histories of which have not been identified in the field. This study presents data on the provenance of polydeformed and metamorphosed strata in the southern Brooks Range Schist Belt and Central Belt of presumed Proterozoic–Devonian depositional age, as well as for the structurally overlying strata, to help elucidate terrane boundaries within the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate and to add new constraints to the palaeogeographical evolution of its constituent parts. The protoliths identified support correlations with metasedimentary strata in the Ruby terrane and Seward Peninsula and suggest a (peri-) Baltican origin in late Neoproterozoic–early Palaeozoic time. Proximity to Laurentia is only evident in what are inferred to be post-early Devonian age strata. By contrast, the North Slope and Apoon terranes originated proximal to Laurentia. The mid-Palaeozoic boundary between these (peri-) Baltican and (peri-) Laurentian terranes once lay between rocks of the Schist/Central belts and those of the Apoon terrane, but is obscured by severe Mesozoic–Cenozoic deformation. Whether this boundary represents a convergent or transform suture, when exactly it formed and how it relates to broader Caledonian convergence in the North Atlantic are still unresolved questions.
Does acid-base equilibrium correlate with remnant liver volume during stepwise liver resection?
Authors: Golriz Mohammad , Abbasi Sepehr , Fathi Parham , Majlesara Ali , Brenner Thorsten , Mehrabi Arianeb 
Published: June 2017

Small for size and flow syndrome (SFSF) is one of the most challenging complications following extended hepatectomy (EH). After EH, hepatic artery flow decreases and portal vein flow increases per 100 g of remnant liver volume (RLV). This causes hypoxia followed by metabolic acidosis. A correlation between acidosis and posthepatectomy liver failure has been postulated but not studied systematically in a large animal model or clinical setting. In our study, we performed stepwise liver resections on nine pigs to defined SFSF limits as follows: step 1: segment II/III resection, step 2: segment IV resection, step 3: segment V/VIII resection (RLV: 75, 50, and 25%, respectively). Blood gas values were measured before and after each step using four catheters inserted into the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, hepatic artery, and portal vein. The pH, [Formula: see text], and base excess (BE) decreased, but [Formula: see text] values increased after 75% resection in the portal and jugular veins. EH correlated with reduced BE in the hepatic artery. Pco2values increased after 75% resection in the jugular vein. In contrast, arterial Po2increased after every resection, whereas the venous Po2decreased slightly. There were differences in venous [Formula: see text], BE in the hepatic artery, and Pco2in the jugular vein after 75% liver resection. Because 75% resection is the limit for SFSF, these noninvasive blood evaluations may be used to predict SFSF. Further studies with long-term follow-up are required to validate this correlation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to evaluate acid-base parameters in major central and hepatic vessels during stepwise liver resection. The pH, [Formula: see text], and base excess (BE) decreased, but [Formula: see text] values increased after 75% resection in the portal and jugular veins. Extended hepatectomy correlated with reduced BE in the hepatic artery. Because 75% resection is the limit for small for size and flow syndrome (SFSF), postresection blood gas evaluations may be used to predict SFSF.
Dysfunctional neutrophil effector organelle mobilization and microbicidal protein release in alcohol-related cirrhosis
Authors: Tranah Thomas H. , Vijay Godhev K. Manakkat , Ryan Jennifer M. , Abeles R. Daniel , Middleton Paul K. , Shawcross Debbie L. 
Published: June 2017

Patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis (ALD) are prone to infection. Circulating neutrophils in ALD are dysfunctional and predict development of sepsis, organ dysfunction, and survival. Neutrophil granules are important effector organelles containing a toxic array of microbicidal proteins, whose controlled release is required to kill microorganisms while minimizing inflammation and damage to host tissue. We investigated the role of these granular responses in contributing to immune disarray in ALD. Neutrophil granular content and mobilization were measured by flow cytometric quantitation of cell-surface/intracellular markers, [secretory vesicles (CD11b), secondary granules (CD66b), and primary granules (CD63; myeloperoxidase)] before and after bacterial stimulation in 29 patients with ALD cirrhosis (15 abstinent; 14 actively drinking) compared with healthy controls (HC). ImageStream Flow Cytometry characterized localization of granule subsets within the intracellular and cell-surface compartments. The plasma cytokine environment was analyzed using ELISA/cytokine bead array. Circulating neutrophils were primed in the resting state with upregulated surface expression of CD11b ( P = 0.0001) in a cytokine milieu rich in IL-8 ( P < 0.001) and lactoferrin ( P = 0.035). Neutrophils showed exaggerated mobilization to the cell surface of primary granules at baseline ( P = 0.001) and in response to N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine ( P = 0.009) and Escherichia coli ( P = 0.0003) in ALD. There was no deficit in granule content or mobilization to the cell membrane in any granule subset observed. Paradoxically, active alcohol consumption abrogated the hyperresponsive neutrophil granular responses compared with their abstinent counterparts. Neutrophils are preprimed at baseline with augmented effector organelle mobilization in response to bacterial stimulation; neutrophil degranulation is not a mechanism leading to innate immunoparesis in ALD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neutrophil granule release is dysregulated in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis (ALD) with augmented effector organelle mobilization and microbiocidal protein release. Neutrophil granules are upregulated in ALD at baseline and demonstrate augmented responses to bacterial challenge. The granular responses in ALD did not contribute to the observed functional deficit in innate immunity but rather were dysregulated and hyperresponsive, which may induce bystander damage to host tissue. Paradoxically, active alcohol consumption abrogated the excessive neutrophil granular responses to bacterial stimulus compared with their abstinent counterparts.
Remodeling of repolarization and arrhythmia susceptibility in a myosin-binding protein C knockout mouse model
Authors: Toib Amir , Zhang Chen , Borghetti Giulia , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Wallner Markus , Yang Yijun , Troupes Constantine D. , Kubo Hajime , Sharp Thomas E. , Feldsott Eric , Berretta Remus M. , Zalavadia Neil , Trappanese Danielle M. , Harper Shavonn , Gross Polina , Chen Xiongwen , Mohsin Sadia , Houser Steven R. 
Published: June 2017

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common genetic cardiac diseases and among the leading causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young. The cellular mechanisms leading to SCD in HCM are not well known. Prolongation of the action potential (AP) duration (APD) is a common feature predisposing hypertrophied hearts to SCD. Previous studies have explored the roles of inward Na+ and Ca2+ in the development of HCM, but the role of repolarizing K+ currents has not been defined. The objective of this study was to characterize the arrhythmogenic phenotype and cellular electrophysiological properties of mice with HCM, induced by myosin-binding protein C (MyBPC) knockout (KO), and to test the hypothesis that remodeling of repolarizing K+ currents causes APD prolongation in MyBPC KO myocytes. We demonstrated that MyBPC KO mice developed severe hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction compared with wild-type (WT) control mice. Telemetric electrocardiographic recordings of awake mice revealed prolongation of the corrected QT interval in the KO compared with WT control mice, with overt ventricular arrhythmias. Whole cell current- and voltage-clamp experiments comparing KO with WT mice demonstrated ventricular myocyte hypertrophy, AP prolongation, and decreased repolarizing K+ currents. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed decreased mRNA levels of several key K+ channel subunits. In conclusion, decrease in repolarizing K+ currents in MyBPC KO ventricular myocytes contributes to AP and corrected QT interval prolongation and could account for the arrhythmia susceptibility. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ventricular myocytes isolated from the myosin-binding protein C knockout hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mouse model demonstrate decreased repolarizing K+ currents and action potential and QT interval prolongation, linking cellular repolarization abnormalities with arrhythmia susceptibility and the risk for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.