bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness analysis of first-line sintilimab plus chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy alone for unresectable advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer in China
Authors: Xiang Zuojuan , Ma Ling , Fu Yingzhou , Pan Yong 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) has recommended sintilimab plus chemotherapy (SINT + Chemo) as a standard first-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC), based on the proven effectiveness and safety in the ORINT-16 trail. Its cost-effectiveness, however, remains to be evaluated.MethodsWe established a partitioned survival approach (PartSA) model with a 10-year time horizon to determine whether SINT + Chemo (vs. chemotherapy) was more cost-effective as a first-line treatment for unresectable advanced or metastatic GC/GEJC. Survival data was generated from the ORIENT-16 trail. Cost calculation was limited to direct medical costs. Database of Hunan Public Resources Trading Service Platform was used as the source for obtaining drug prices. Other cost and utility values were gathered from established literature. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was the primary output. Additionally, we conducted sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and scenario analysis.ResultsIn the base-case analysis, group SINT + Chemo showed an increase in utility value by 0.32 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) at an extra cost of $7988.43, resulting in an ICER of $25239.29/QALY, below the Chinese cost-effective willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $38223.34. Upon further subgroup analysis according to patients’ programmed death 1 ligand (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS), the ICERs were $26341.01/QALY for patients highly expressing PD-L1 (CPS ≥5) and $17658.26/QALY for patients lowly expressing PD-L1 (CPS &lt;5). Based on the sensitivity analysis, we found the PFS utility was the parameter that had the most significant impact on the model’s outcomes. Moreover, in scenario analysis, the results remained consistent despite variations in the model’s time frame.ConclusionIn China, SINT + Chemo is a more cost-effective option (vs. chemotherapy) as a first-line therapy for unresectable advanced or metastatic GC/GEJC, irrespective of PD-L1 expression levels.
The influence of modified Qing E Formula on the differential expression of serum exosomal miRNAs in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients
Authors: Lu Junjie , Wu Hui , Jin Huan , He Ziyi , Shen Lin , Ma Chen , Xu Xiaojuan , Wang Zixian , Shuai Bo 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveAlthough guidelines support the efficacy of Modified Qing’ E Formula (MQEF) in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This retrospective investigation aims to elucidate MQEF’s impact on serum exosomal miRNA expression in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients and to explore potential therapeutic mechanisms.MethodsFollowing ethical approval and registration, postmenopausal osteoporosis patients aged 50–85 years, meeting the diagnostic criteria were randomly selected and received MQEF decoction supplementary therapy. Serum samples were collected pre- and post-treatment, followed by isolation and sequencing of exosomal miRNAs. Differential miRNAs in serum exosomes were identified, and bioinformatics analysis was conducted to discern the principal exosomal miRNAs involved in MQEF’s effects on PMOP and the associated signaling pathways.ResultsEighteen clinical blood samples were collected. A total of 282,185 target genes were detected across the three groups. 306 miRNAs exhibited altered expression in serum exosomes of PMOP patients, while MQEF intervention resulted in changes in 328 miRNAs. GO enrichment analysis revealed the immune and endocrine systems was pertained. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated associations between PMOP occurrence and MQEF treatment with cytokine interactions, oxidative phosphorylation, and the renin-angiotensin system. Intersectional analysis identified 17 miRNAs, including 2 consistent trends. miR-3188 as a potentially pivotal miRNA implicated in both PMOP occurrence and MQEF treatment.ConclusionThis study constitutes the first randomized, retrospective clinical exploration confirming that MQEF demonstrates regulatory influence over exosomal miRNA expression in PMOP patients’ serum, its impact likely involves modulation of the immune and endocrine systems, as well as the renin-angiotensin system.
Effect of different vegetation restoration patterns on community structure and co-occurrence networks of soil fungi in the karst region
Authors: Zou Xiaoxiao , Yao Kai , Zeng Zhaoxia , Zeng Fuping , Lu Lihong , Zhang Hao 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThe Grain for Green Project (GGP) by the Chinese government was an important vegetation restoration project in ecologically fragile and severely degraded karst regions. Soil fungi play a facilitating role in the cycling of nutrients both above and below the ground, which is crucial for maintaining ecosystem function and stability. In karst regions, their role is particularly critical due to the unique geological and soil characteristics, as they mitigate soil erosion, enhance soil fertility, and promote vegetation growth. However, little is known about how the implementation of this project shifts the co-occurrence network topological features and assembly processes of karst soil fungi, which limits our further understanding of karst vegetation restoration.MethodsBy using MiSeq high-throughput sequencing combined with null model analysis technology, we detected community diversity, composition, co-occurrence networks, and assembly mechanisms of soil fungi under three GGP patterns (crop, grassland, and plantation) in the southwestern karst region.ResultsAscomycota and Basidiomycota were the main fungal phyla in all the karst soils. Returning crop to plantation and grassland had no significant effect on α diversity of soil fungi (P &gt; 0.05), but did significantly affect the β diversity (P = 0.001). Soil moisture and total nitrogen (TN) were the main factors affecting the community structure of soil fungi. Compared with crop, soil fungi networks in grassland and plantation exhibited a higher nodes, edges, degree, and relatively larger network size, indicating that vegetation restoration enhanced fungal interactions. The soil fungi networks in grassland and plantation were more connected than those in crop, implying that the interaction between species was further strengthened after returning the crop to plantation and grassland. In addition, null-model analysis showed that the assembly process of soil fungal communities from crop to grassland and plantation shifted from an undominant process to dispersal limitation.DiscussionThese data indicated that GGP in karst region changed the composition and assembly mechanisms of the soil fungal community and enhanced the interaction between fungal species, which can contribute to a better understanding of the fungal mechanisms involved in the restoration of degraded karst soils through vegetation recovery.
“We call it Bokoa jwa tlhaloganyo”: Setswana parents’ perspective on autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Melamu Neo Jeanett , Tsabedze Wandile Fundo , Erasmus Petro , Schlebusch Liezl 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThere is a dearth of knowledge in South Africa about the incidence, prevalence, and effect of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Consequently, national autism data is outdated, and World Health Organization (WHO) prevalence rates are being used.MethodsThis study focused on Ngaka Modiri Molema District to explore the cultural perspective of ASD in the Setswana culture from a parental or caregiver perspective, specifically those who attended the World Health Organization Caregiver Skills Training (WHO-CST) on ASD. This qualitative study used a phenomenological design and purposively sampled 6 out of 12 participants who wererecipients of WHO-CST. Semi-structured interviews, audio recordings, and field notes were used to collect data.ResultsThe study found five main themes: understanding autism, indigenous perceptions of ASD, ways of interacting with children living with autism spectrum disorder, creating a friendly environment and symptoms of ASD.DiscussionIt was concluded that there is a lack of knowledge in Setswana culture about what ASD entails, and there are still some superstitious beliefs regarding ASD, resulting in late diagnoses. ASD studies with larger sample sizes, including medical professionals and policymakers, are recommended.
Analysis of the effect of BMI on depression and anxiety among older adults in China: the mediating role of ADL and IADL
Authors: Qiao Ziqing , Wang Zichun , Qiu Jiaping , Zhang Jie , Cao Weiyi 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundAnxiety and depression are serious psychological and public health issues among the older adults. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and anxiety or depression symptoms in the older adult population in China. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of BMI on anxiety and depression through correlation analysis in different subgroups and to examine the potential chain mediating effects of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) between BMI and symptoms of anxiety and depression.MethodsFrom the CLHLS database conducted in 2017–2018, data regarding height, weight, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, as well as demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and health-related characteristics were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the impact of BMI on anxiety and depression symptoms. Finally, the SPSS macro process was utilized to test the multiple mediating effects of ADL and IADL between BMI and anxiety or depression symptoms.ResultsAfter screening, a final sample of 9,098 Chinese older adult individuals aged 65 and above was selected. Among them, 1,074 cases (11.8%) exhibited anxiety symptoms, 1,458 cases (16.0%) exhibited depressive symptoms. Compared to normal BMI, the adjusted analysis showed that underweight in Chinese older adult individuals was significantly associated with anxiety (OR = 1.316, p = 0.004) and depression (OR = 1.232, p = 0.013). This relationship was found to be more significant in males, individuals aged 80 and above, unmarried individuals, and those residing in town. ADL and IADL played a chain-mediated role between BMI and anxiety symptoms in the older adult. BMI not only had a direct effect on anxiety symptoms in the older adult (effect = −0.0159; SE = 0.0066; 95%CI: LL = −0.0288, UL = −0.0031), but also influenced them indirectly through two pathways: the independent mediating role of IADL (effect = −0.0010; SE = 0.0005; 95%CI: LL = −0.0018, UL = −0.0003) and the chain-mediated role of ADL and IADL (effect = −0.0012; SE = 0.0004; 95%CI: LL = −0.0020, UL = −0.0006).ConclusionIn the older adult individuals in China, underweight is associated with an increased risk of anxiety and depression symptoms. Improving the underweight condition of Chinese older adult individuals can reduce their ADL and IADL limitations, thereby benefiting their mental health.
Tracking sero-molecular trends of swine brucellosis in Hawai‘i and the central Pacific
Authors: La Thi Hai Au , McMillan Ian A. , Dahal Prashant , Burger Andrew H. , Belcaid Mahdi , Phelps Darrin M. , Goldstein Samuel M. , Brown Vienna R. , Norris Michael H. 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionBrucellosis is a zoonotic disease of mammals caused by bacterial species of the Brucella genus. The reservoir for disease is typically mammals, with species of Brucella found infecting amphibians, bats, and marine mammals. Brucella spp. can pass directly to humans through contact with infected animals or their products. Brucella spp. can cause chronic debilitating infections in mammals, including humans, and is associated with spontaneous abortions in infected animals, causing reduced fecundity. In Hawai‘i, terrestrial species that could harbor Brucella spp. include swine, cattle, horses, and axis deer among others. The numerous feral swine in Hawai‘i are known to carry Brucella suis, with evidence supporting infections in cattle. Brucella suis also poses infection risk to humans, dogs, and potentially horses across the state.MethodsIn this study, 3,274 feral swine serum samples collected from 5 of the 8 main islands over a 15-year span were analyzed for exposure to B. suis. Of the 558 watersheds in the state, 77 were sampled as part of this effort. Spatial analysis was used to identify watersheds of concern. MLVA and whole genome SNP analysis was used for molecular epidemiological analysis.ResultsStatewide seropositivity rates were triple that of feral swine found in the conterminous United States. Smoothed positivity rates were highest on Maui, followed by O‘ahu, and the island of Hawai‘i. Island-by-island analysis found high brucellosis positivity levels associated with specific watersheds and agricultural areas. Local spatial autocorrelation identified hot spots on O‘ahu and Hawai‘i. MLVA analysis of available B. suis from Hawai‘i found molecular epidemiological connections with B. suis found in French Polynesia and the mainland US while differing from those in Tonga, Western Polynesia. Strains from Hawai‘i are phylogenetically closest to strains from the United States. MLVA and SNP analysis found B. suis strains from Hawai‘i fell into the genetic group that contains biovar 1 B. suis.DiscussionThis work identified islands and watersheds of high brucellosis seropositivity in feral swine of Hawai‘i, highlighting the magnitude of the zoonotic risk. Introduction of strains in recent history is unlikely due to modern animal trade and disease control practices. Genomic analysis of strains in Hawai‘i and the Pacific area can provide hidden historical and local clues to brucellosis epidemiology in the state.
The influence of service dog partnerships on perceived and objective sleep quality for military veterans with PTSD
Authors: Bristol Stephanie , Leighton Sarah C. , Schwichtenberg A. J. , Campbell Rebecca L. , Ashbeck Erin L. , Taylor Daniel J. , Bedrick Edward J. , O'Haire Marguerite E. 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionSleep disturbances, fear of sleep, and nightmares are among the most reported symptoms for military service members and veterans (henceforth “veterans”) with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), potentially contributing to treatment resistance and heightened suicidality. Despite available evidence-based interventions, many veterans still report difficulties. The complementary intervention of a psychiatric service dog may contribute to improvements in sleep quality for veterans with PTSD.MethodsThis preregistered, non-randomized clinical trial evaluated the association between service dog partnership and sleep at 3 month follow-up. Participants were N = 155 veterans with PTSD (81 in the service dog group and 74 waitlisted controls). Measures included self-report surveys measuring PTSD severity (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, PCL-5) sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), sleep disturbance (PROMIS Sleep Disturbance), and fear of sleep (Fear of Sleep Inventory-Short Form, FoSI-SF); morning sleep diaries measuring nightmares; and wrist-worn actigraphy. Regression models and mediation analyses were performed.ResultsService dog partnership was significantly associated with better subjective sleep [PSQI: mean difference −2.2, 95% CI (−3.4, −1.1), p &lt; 0.001; PROMIS Sleep Disturbance: −3.6, 95% CI (−6.3, −0.9), p = 0.004; FoSI-SF: −6.6, 95% CI (−9.7, −3.5), p &lt; 0.001] and odds of nightmares [OR = 0.45, 95% CI (0.26, 0.76), p = 0.003]. Service dog partnership was not associated with a change in actigraphy-based measures of sleep [sleep onset: −4.5, 95% CI (−12.2, 3.2); sleep duration: −4.7, 95% CI (−25.9, 16.6); wake after sleep onset: 6.0, 95% CI (−2.1,14.1); sleep efficiency: −0.4, 95% CI (−3.4, 2.5)]. The estimated proportion of the effect of service dogs on PTSD severity mediated by fear of sleep was 0.26 [95% CI (0.10, 0.48)].DiscussionCompared to the control group, veterans with service dogs for PTSD reported better sleep quality, less sleep disturbance, and less fear of sleep after 3 months. However, service dog partnership was not associated with differences in actigraphy-measured sleep. These findings demonstrate the impact of psychiatric service dog partnerships on sleep quality for veterans with PTSD.
IL-17A Levels and Progression of Kidney Disease Following Hospitalization with and without Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Collett Jason A. , Flannery Alexander H. , Liu Lucas J. , Takeuchi Tomonori , Basile David P. , Neyra Javier A. 
Published: September 2024

Key Points

IL-17A was higher in patients with AKI versus without AKI during hospitalization and up to 1-year postdischarge.IL-17A was higher in patients with progression of kidney disease but not independently associated with subsequent progression of kidney disease.

Background
AKI is associated with increased mortality and new or progressive CKD. Inflammatory cells play an important role in acute organ injury. We previously demonstrated that serum IL-17A levels were significantly elevated in critically ill patients with AKI and independently associated with hospital mortality. We hypothesize that IL-17A levels are elevated in hospitalized patients with AKI at diagnosis, and sustained elevation after discharge is associated with subsequent CKD incidence or progression.

Methods
This was an observational convenience sampling study of hospital survivors of stage 2 or 3 AKI and controls without AKI from the Assessment, Serial Evaluation, and Subsequent Sequelae of AKI study. Patients were classified as progression or nonprogression on the basis of a composite of CKD incidence, progression, or ESKD. IL-17A levels were evaluated with S-Plex assay (Meso Scale Discovery) at 0 (during hospitalization), 3, and 12 months postdischarge and analyzed along with clinical and biomarker data up to 84 months after discharge.

Results
Among 171 AKI and 175 non-AKI participants, IL-17A levels were elevated in AKI versus non-AKI patients at 0-, 3-, and 12-month time points (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Furthermore, IL-17A levels were elevated in the progression versus nonprogression group at the 3- and 12-month time points for outcomes occurring at 3–6 and 12–84 months, respectively (P < 0.05 for both). In adjusted multivariable models, IL-17A levels were not independently associated with progression of kidney disease. IL-17A levels were positively correlated with kidney disease and immune activation biomarkers at all time points (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
IL-17A was higher in patients with AKI versus without AKI during hospitalization and up to 1-year postdischarge. IL-17A was higher in patients with progression of kidney disease after hospitalization, but not independently associated with subsequent progression of kidney disease in fully adjusted models.
Features of the introduction of Iris bloudowii Ledeb. in the conditions of the Kuzbass Botanical Garden
Authors: Вронская О.О. , Цандекова О.Л. 
Published: September 2024

В статье представлены результаты исследований морфобиологических особенностей Iris bloudowii Ledeb., находящегося под угрозой исчезновения в Кемеровской области. Изучена индикаторная роль фенольных соединений, пероксидазы, аскорбиновой кислоты в листьях ириса на разных стадиях фенологического развития. Проведен расчет корреляционных связей между морфологическими и биохимическими показателями у исследуемых растений.
The article presents the results of studies of the morphobiological features of Iris bloudowii Ledeb., which is endangered in the Kemerovo region. The indicator role of phenolic compounds, peroxidase, ascorbic acid in iris leaves at different stages of phenological development has been studied. The calculation of correlations between morphological and biochemical parameters in the studied plants was carried out.
The first experience of large-scale application of Trichogramma to protect forests from star sawfly-weaver in Russia
Authors: Гниненко Ю.И. , Раков А.Г. , Гимранов Р.И. 
Published: September 2024

Одним из опасных вредителей сосновых молодняков в России является звездчатый пилильщик-ткач Acantholyda posticalis Matsumura, 1912 (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae), очаги массового размножения которого известны во многих частях его ареала (Коломиец, 1968; Федоряк, 1970; Kohler, 1964; Voolma, 2009 и др.). Первые в России крупные очаги массового размножения этого вредителя были выявлены в начале 30-х годов ХХ века в Джабык-Карагайском бору Челябинской области. Они возникли на месте крупной гари начала ХХ века, которая к 30-ым годам естественно восстановилась сосной. Примерно в аналогичных условиях действовали в течение многих лет очаги ткача в Томской области в середине ХХ века. Очаги площадью порядка 60 тыс. га действовали в ленточных борах Алтайского края и Казахстана, а также в Челябинской и Курганской областях (Гниненко, 1983).
One of the dangerous pests of young pine forests in Russia is Acantholyda posticalis Matsumura, 1912 (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae), whose mass breeding centers are known in many parts of its range (Kolomiets, 1968; Fedoryak, 1970; Kohler, 1964; Voolma, 2009 and etc.). The first large centers of mass reproduction of this pest in Russia were identified in the early 30s of the twentieth century in the Dzhabyk-Karagai forest of the Chelyabinsk region. They arose on the site of a large burnt area of ​​the early twentieth century, which by the 1930s was naturally restored by pine. Approximately in similar conditions, weaver's centers operated in the Tomsk region in the middle of the 20th century for many years. Outbreaks with an area of ​​about 60 thousand ha were active in the ribbon forests of the Altai Territory and Kazakhstan, as well as in the Chelyabinsk and Kurgan regions (Gninenko, 1983).
Monitoring of the typographic bark beetle using pheromone traps in the Moscow region in 2020–2021
Authors: Лямцев Н.И. , Колобов В.Н. 
Published: September 2024

Учет короедов в ловушках значительно менее трудоемкий, чем прямой учет под корой деревьев [1]. Однако для эффективного ведения феромонного мониторинга популяции необходимо знать и учитывать погрешность, связанную с косвенным характером оценки численности типографа. Также важно конкретизировать продолжительность периода учетов, количество и схему расположения ловушек [2-4]. Основной задачей в итоге является повышение эффективности использования данных учетов короеда в феромонных ловушках для характеристики состояния популяции, динамики его численности и степени повреждения ельников.
Accounting for bark beetles in traps is much less laborious than direct counting under tree bark [1]. However, for effective pheromone monitoring of the population, it is necessary to know and take into account the error associated with the indirect nature of the estimate of the number of typographers. It is also important to specify the duration of the counting period, the number and layout of traps [2–4]. As a result, the main task is to increase the efficiency of using data from bark beetle counts in pheromone traps to characterize the state of the population, the dynamics of its abundance, and the degree of damage to spruce forests.