bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminal history of homicide offenders: a multi-dimensional analysis of criminal specialization
Authors: Trojan Carrie , Salfati Gabrielle 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine how offenses co-occur in the backgrounds of homicide offenders and if identified groups of offenses reflect an underlying theoretical construct or theme; and to determine if offenders specialize in thematically similar offenses.

Design/methodology/approach
– The previous convictions of 122 single-victim homicide offenders were examined using smallest space analysis to identify groups of co-occurring offenses across offenders’ criminal histories.

Findings
– The results showed a thematic distinction between violent vs instrumental offenses and 84 percent of offenders specialized in offenses within a single dominant theme, suggesting that the framework can differentiate the majority of offenders’ criminal backgrounds. Possible sub-themes were identified that could suggest further demarcation of the themes and provide a more refined framework that may be of even greater utility in differentiating offenders.

Research limitations/implications
– This study utilized data from a single American city that may affect generalizability of the findings. The exclusion of a timeline for prior offending precludes consideration of offending escalation.

Originality/value
– The current study uses an alternative approach to conceptualize specialization according to how offenses co-occur in the backgrounds of homicide offenders. This approach is less restrictive than considering the offenses in isolation to one another and may be of greater utility in empirically derived offender profiling models. The thematic framework developed herein can act as a foundation for future studies.
The dark figure of sexual offending: new evidence from federal sex offenders
Authors: DeLisi Matt , Caropreso Daniel E. , Drury Alan J. , Elbert Michael J. , Evans Jerry L. , Heinrichs Timothy , Tahja Katherine M. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the dark figure of crime among federal sex offenders from the USA to quantify crime victims and sex crime events among those with no official criminal record.Design/methodology/approach– Using data on 119 offenders selected from a five-year census of sex offenders selected from a federal probation jurisdiction in the Midwestern United States, descriptive, partial correlations, and ROC-AUC models were conducted.Findings– In total, 69 percent of offenders self-reported a contact sexual offense during polygraph examination. In total, 34 offenders had zero official record of sexual abuse but non-zero self-reported history of sexual abuse. These 34 clients offended against 148 victims that potentially denoted a minimum number of 148 sex crime events, a median number of 1,480 sex crime events, a mean number of 32,101 sex crime events, and a maximum number of 827,552 sex crime events. Total paraphilias were not predictive of self-reported sexual offending but were strongly associated with prolific self-reported sexual offending.Originality/value– The dark figure of sexual offending is enormous and the revelation of this information is facilitated by polygraph examination of federal sex offenders. Ostensibly non-contact sex offenders such as those convicted of possession of child pornography are very likely to have a history of contact sexual offending. Consistent with the containment model, polygraph examinations of the sexual history of offenders convicted of sexual offenses should be required to facilitate public safety.
Individual difference predictors of perceived organizational change fairness
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Payne Stephanie C. , Horner Margaret T. , Alexander Allison L. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine how individual differences influence employees’ attitude toward organizational change. Specifically, the present study examined how and why proactive personality, dispositional resistance to change, and change self-efficacy influence employees’ perceived fairness about the organizational change.Design/methodology/approach– Structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the survey data obtained from a sample of 140 food service employees after some organizational changes in leadership, menu offerings, and facilities.Findings– The results revealed support for two micromediational chains predicting change fairness: first, change self-efficacy leads to less uncertainty and second, dispositional resistance to change leads to less communication regarding change resulting in employees perceiving they have fewer opportunities to voice concerns about the changes.Research limitations/implications– The cross-sectional design prevents causal inferences and the generalizability of the present findings beyond similar samples experiencing similar changes is unknown. However, the predictions were based on theories that apply to all employees regardless of the changes or the employees’ occupations or workplace.Social implications– Employees with particular personality traits are more receptive to change, suggesting that organizations should consider the impact of individual differences when facing large-scale change. To ensure the success of organizational change, organizations should communicate with employees and encourage employee input before implementing change which in turn improves the chances that employees will have favorable reactions to the change.Originality/value– This is the first study to examine how and why individual difference variables influence employees’ perceptions about organizational change fairness.
High-performance work systems and job satisfaction: a multilevel model
Authors: García-Chas Romina , Neira-Fontela Edelmira , Varela-Neira Concepción 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this investigation is to analyze the role of perceived organizational support (POS) and intrinsic motivation in the relationship between high-performance work systems (HPWS) and job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach– The sample used in this study consists of 180 engineers from 25 companies. The model entails a cross-level moderated mediation process that was tested using multilevel structural equation modeling.Findings– This research shows that the effect of HPWS via POS on job satisfaction is stronger among engineers with low intrinsic motivation than engineers with high intrinsic motivation.Practical implications– Given the findings of this paper, organizations are advised to consider the importance of HPWS perceptions and intrinsic motivation to help strengthen engineer satisfaction.Originality/value– This is the first study to provide evidence for the mediating effect of POS in the relationship between employees’ shared perceptions of the HPWS implemented at their companies and their job satisfaction, and the moderating role of employee intrinsic motivation in the relationship between POS resulting from HPWS and job satisfaction.
The AMBIT approach: working with hard to reach youth
Authors: Fuggle Peter , Bevington Dickon , Duffy Fiona , Cracknell Liz 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– MBIT is a manualised mentalization-based approach to working with hard to reach young people at risk of a wide range of life adversities including severe mental illness, substance misuse, family breakdown, school exclusion, offending and homelessness. The on-line manual (www.tiddlymanuals.com) describes how Adolescent Mentalization-Based Integrative Therapy (AMBIT) is a systemic intervention requiring attention to four different domains of intervention simultaneously; much emphasis is placed on the support systems for workers to maintain this balance in what are often chaotic working conditions. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how these four main components of the AMBIT approach link together in actual clinical practice.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors illustrate the core techniques of the AMBIT approach, namely, “working with your client”, “working with your team”, “ working with your network” and “learning as a team” with a series of case vignettes, demonstrating the inter-relationship of these components rather than seeing them as separate strands.

Findings
– A range of mentalization-based techniques such as “thinking together”, mentalized formulation, “disintegration grids” and web-based manualising are described and illustrated in relation to a series of case vignettes in order to address barriers to effective practice. The vignettes emphasise how these components must be linked together and held in balance, and how easily they become disconnected in working with young people’s ambivalent or even hostile relationships to help.

Practical implications
– First, developing a shared, mentalized formulation of a young person’s difficulties is an important aspect of working with highly troubled young people. Second, mentalizing is a relational process and is easily disrupted, for both workers and young people, by raised anxiety and affect, a common feature of working with this client group. AMBIT provides specific methods, for example, “thinking together” for supporting the mentalizing of individual workers in their team in an explicit way. Third, workers from different agencies may often find it difficult to make sense of each other’s behaviour and decision making. AMBIT proposes the use of a mentalizing approach to this difficulty using a technique called a disintegration grid. Finally, AMBIT proposes a new practitioner focused approach to manualising as a method by which a team can become more explicit about its methods of working in order to support systematic practice and evaluate outcomes.

Originality/value
– The innovative AMBIT approach proposes that clinicians need to attend to team and network relationships at least as much as their relationship with the client, in addition to adopting a stance of learning as a team from their casework. A high level of clinical skill is needed to support a team to achieve this balanced approach to casework. This work is of interest to all multi-disciplinary teams working with hard to reach young people.
Section 5(4) of the Mental Health Act 1983: a review of local policy and guidance in England and Wales
Authors: Ashmore Russell , Carver Neil 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review policy or guidance on the implementation of Section 5(4) written by NHS mental health trusts in England and health boards in Wales.

Design/methodology/approach
– A Freedom of Information request was submitted to all trusts in England (n=57) and health boards in Wales (n=7) asking them to provide a copy of any policy or guidance on the implementation of Section 5(4). Documents were analysed using content analysis. Specific attention was given to any deviations from the national Mental Health Act Codes of Practice.

Findings
– In total, 41 (67.2 per cent) organisations had a policy on the implementation of Section 5(4). There was a high level of consistency between local guidance and the Mental Health Act Codes of Practice. There were however; different interpretations of the guidance and errors that could lead to misuse of the section. Some policies contained useful guidance that could be adopted by future versions of the national Codes of Practice.

Research limitations/implications
– The research has demonstrated the value of examining the relationship between national and local guidance. Further research should be undertaken on the frequency and reasons for any reuse of the section.

Practical implications
– Greater attention should be given to considering the necessity of local policy, given the existence of national Codes of Practice.

Originality/value
– This is the only research examining the policy framework for the implementation of Section 5(4).
Estimating Surgical Procedure Times Using Anesthesia Billing Data and Operating Room Records
Authors: Burgette Lane F. , Mulcahy Andrew W. , Mehrotra Ateev , Ruder Teague , Wynn Barbara O. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveThe median time required to perform a surgical procedure is important in determining payment under Medicare's physician fee schedule. Prior studies have demonstrated that the current methodology of using physician surveys to determine surgical times results in overstated times. To measure surgical times more accurately, we developed and validated a methodology using available data from anesthesia billing data and operating room (OR) records.Data SourcesWe estimated surgical times using Medicare 2011 anesthesia claims and New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System 2011 OR times. Estimated times were validated using data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. We compared our time estimates to those used by Medicare in the fee schedule.Study DesignWe estimate surgical times via piecewise linear median regression models.Principal FindingsUsing 3.0 million observations of anesthesia and OR times, we estimated surgical time for 921 procedures. Correlation between these time estimates and directly measured surgical time from the validation database was 0.98. Our estimates of surgical time were shorter than the Medicare fee schedule estimates for 78 percent of procedures.ConclusionsAnesthesia and OR times can be used to measure surgical time and thereby improve the payment for surgical procedures in the Medicare fee schedule.
Rapamycin‐induced autophagy sensitizes A549 cells to radiation associated with DNA damage repair inhibition
Authors: Li Yong , Liu Fen , Wang Yong , Li Donghai , Guo Fei , Xu Liyao , Zeng Zhengguo , Zhong Xiaojun , Qian Kejian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundAutophagy has been reported to increase in cancer cells after radiation. However, it remains unknown whether increased autophagy as a result of radiation affects DNA damage repair and sensitizes cancer cells. In this study, the radiosensitization effect of rapamycin, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor that induces autophagy, on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells was investigated.MethodsA549 cells were treated with different concentrations of rapamycin. Cell viability was evaluated by methyl‐thiazolyl‐tetrazolium assay. Survival fraction values of A549 cells after radiotherapy were detected by colony formation assay. Autophagosome was observed by a transmission electron microscope. Furthermore, Western blot was employed to examine alterations in autophagy protein LC3 and p62, DNA damage protein γ–H2AX, and DNA damage repair proteins Rad51, Ku70, and Ku80. Rad51, Ku70, and Ku80 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels were examined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsRapamycin suppressed A549 cell proliferation in dose and time‐dependent manners. An inhibitory concentration (IC)10 dose of rapamycin could induce autophagy in A549 cells. Rapamycin combined with radiation significantly decreased the colony forming ability of cells, compared with rapamycin or radiation alone. Rapamycin and radiation combined increased γ–H2AX expression levels and decreased Rad51 and Ku80 expression levels, compared with single regimens. However, rapamycin treatment did not induce any change in Rad51, Ku70, and Ku80 mRNA levels, regardless of radiation.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that increasing autophagy sensitizes lung cancer cells to radiation.
A Role for the Inflammasome in Spontaneous Labor at Term
Authors: Romero Roberto , Xu Yi , Plazyo Olesya , Chaemsaithong Piya , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn , Unkel Ronald , Than Nandor Gabor , Chiang Po Jen , Dong Zhong , Xu Zhonghui , Tarca Adi L. , Abrahams Vikki M. , Hassan Sonia S. , Yeo Lami , Gomez‐Lopez Nardhy 
Published: March 2016

ProblemInflammasomes are signaling platforms that, upon sensing pathogens and sterile stressors, mediate the release of mature forms of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the expression of major inflammasome components in the chorioamniotic membranes in spontaneous labor at term, (ii) whether there are changes in the inflammasome components associated with the activation of caspase‐1 and caspase‐4, and (iii) whether these events are associated with the release of the mature forms of IL‐1β and IL‐18.Method of studyChorioamniotic membranes were collected from women at term with and without spontaneous labor. mRNA abundance and protein concentrations of inflammasome components, nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐containing (NOD)1 and NOD2 proteins, caspase‐1, caspase‐4, IL‐1β, and IL‐18 were quantified by qRT‐PCR (n = 28–29 each), ELISA (n = 10 each) or immunoblotting (n = 8 each), and immunohistochemistry (n = 10 each). Active caspase‐1 and caspase‐4, as well as mature IL‐18, were determined by immunoblotting (n = 4 each), and pro‐ and mature forms of IL‐1β were determined by ELISA (n = 4–7 each).ResultsInflammasome components and NOD proteins were expressed in the chorioamniotic membranes obtained from women at term. The chorioamniotic membranes from women who underwent labor had (i) higher concentrations of NLRP3 (NOD‐like receptor family, pyrin domain‐containing protein 3) and NOD1 protein, (ii) greater immunoreactivity for caspase‐1 and caspase‐4, (iii) a greater quantity of the active form of caspase‐1 (p20), and (iv) higher mRNA abundance and protein concentrations of pro‐ and mature IL‐1β. However, mRNA abundance and protein concentrations of the mature form of IL‐18 were not increased in tissues from women who underwent labor at term.ConclusionsSpontaneous labor at term is characterized by the expression of inflammasome components, which may participate in the activation of caspase‐1 and lead to the cleavage and release of mature IL‐1β by the chorioamniotic membranes. These results support the participation of the inflammasome in the mechanisms responsible for spontaneous parturition at term.
Sequential Model Selection-Based Segmentation to Detect DNA Copy Number Variation
Authors: Hu Jianhua , Zhang Liwen , Wang Huixia Judy 
Published: March 2016

Summary
Array-based CGH experiments are designed to detect genomic aberrations or regions of DNA copy-number variation that are associated with an outcome, typically a state of disease. Most of the existing statistical methods target on detecting DNA copy number variations in a single sample or array. We focus on the detection of group effect variation, through simultaneous study of multiple samples from multiple groups. Rather than using direct segmentation or smoothing techniques, as commonly seen in existing detection methods, we develop a sequential model selection procedure that is guided by a modified Bayesian information criterion. This approach improves detection accuracy by accumulatively utilizing information across contiguous clones, and has computational advantage over the existing popular detection methods. Our empirical investigation suggests that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of the existing detection methods, in particular, in detecting small segments or separating neighboring segments with differential degrees of copy-number variation.
Improving Efficiency Using the Rao–Blackwell Theorem in Corrected and Conditional Score Estimation Methods for Joint Models
Authors: Huang Yih-Huei , Hwang Wen-Han , Chen Fei-Yin 
Published: March 2016

Summary
Longitudinal covariates in survival models are generally analyzed using random effects models. By framing the estimation of these survival models as a functional measurement error problem, semiparametric approaches such as the conditional score or the corrected score can be applied to find consistent estimators for survival model parameters without distributional assumptions on the random effects. However, in order to satisfy the standard assumptions of a survival model, the semiparametric methods in the literature only use covariate data before each event time. This suggests that these methods may make inefficient use of the longitudinal data. We propose an extension of these approaches that follows a generalization of Rao–Blackwell theorem. A Monte Carlo error augmentation procedure is developed to utilize the entirety of longitudinal information available. The efficiency improvement of the proposed semiparametric approach is confirmed theoretically and demonstrated in a simulation study. A real data set is analyzed as an illustration of a practical application.
Psychosocial correlates of oral hygiene behaviour in people aged 9 to 19 – a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Scheerman Janneke F. M. , van Loveren Cor , van Meijel Berno , Dusseldorp Elise , Wartewig Eva , Verrips Gijsbert H. W. , Ket Johannes C. F. , van Empelen Pepijn 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic and meta‐analytic review aimed to quantify the association of psychosocial correlates with oral hygiene behaviour among 9‐ to 19‐year olds.MethodsA systematic search up to August 2015 was carried out using the following databases: PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science. If necessary, authors of studies were contacted to obtain unpublished statistical information. A study was eligible for inclusion when it evaluated the association between the psychosocial correlates and oral hygiene behaviour varying from self‐reports to clinical measurements, including plaque and bleeding scores. A modified New Castle Ottawa Scale was applied to examine the quality of the included studies.ResultsTwenty‐seven data sets (k) presented in 22 publications, addressing nine psychosocial correlates, were found to be eligible for the meta‐analysis. For both tooth brushing and oral hygiene behaviour, random effect models revealed significant weighted average correlation (r+) for the psychosocial factors: ‘intention’, ‘self‐efficacy’, ‘attitude’ (not significant for tooth brushing), ‘social influence’, ‘coping planning’ and ‘action planning’ (r+ ranging from 0.18 to 0.57). Little or no associations were found for ‘locus of control’, ‘self‐esteem’ and ‘sense of coherence’ (r+ ranges from 0.01 to 0.08).ConclusionsThe data at present indicates that ‘self‐efficacy’, ‘intention’, ‘social influences’, ‘coping planning’ and ‘action planning’ are potential psychosocial determinants of oral health behaviour. Future studies should consider a range of psychological factors that have not been studied, but have shown to be important psychosocial determinants of health behaviours, such as ‘self‐determination’, ‘anticipated regret’, ‘action control’ and ‘self‐identity’. Effectiveness of addressing these potential determinants to induce behaviour change should be further examined by intervention trials.