bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wnt and frizzled expression during regeneration of internal organs in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix
Authors: Girich Alexander S. , Isaeva Marina P. , Dolmatov Igor Yu. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTSeveral genes of the Wnt and Frizzled families in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix are characterized, and the complete coding sequences of wntA, wnt4, wnt6, wnt16, frizzled1/2/7, frizzled4, and frizzled5/8 are obtained. The dynamics of expression of these genes during regeneration of internal organs after evisceration are studied. Evisceration and the associated damages supposedly induce the expression of wnt16 on third day after evisceration. Genes wntA, wnt4, wnt6, and frizzled1/2/7 up‐regulate during the period of active morphogenesis (5–7 days after evisceration) and might participate in regulation of tissue and organ formation. The signaling induced via Frizzled5/8 is could be necessary for formation of the anterior (ectodermal) part of the digestive system and development of the calcareous ring on 10th day after evisceration. Our data suggest that the Wnt signaling pathway plays a significant role in the regulation of regeneration of internal organs in holothurians.
Systematic Erasure Codes with Optimal Repair Bandwidth and Storage
Authors: Liu Qing , Feng Dan , Jiang Hong , Hu Yuchong , Jiao Tianfeng 
Published: September 2017

Erasure codes are widely used in distributed storage systems to prevent data loss. Traditional codes suffer from a typical repair-bandwidth problem in which the amount of data required to reconstruct the lost data, referred to as the repair bandwidth, is often far more than the theoretical minimum. While many novel codes have been proposed in recent years to reduce the repair bandwidth, these codes either require extra storage and computation overhead or are only applicable to some special cases.
To address the weaknesses of the existing solutions to the repair-bandwidth problem, we propose Z Codes, a general family of codes capable of achieving the theoretical lower bound of repair bandwidth versus storage. To the best of our knowledge, the Z codes are the first general systematic erasure codes that jointly achieve optimal repair bandwidth and storage. Further, we generalize the Z codes to the GZ codes to gain the Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) property. Our evaluations of a real system indicate that Z/GZ and Reed-Solomon (RS) codes show approximately close encoding and repairing speeds, while GZ codes achieve over 37.5% response time reduction for repairing the same size of data, compared to the RS and Cauchy Reed-Solomon (CRS) codes.
Astrolabes as Eclipse Computers: Four Early Arabic Texts on Construction and Use of the Ṣafīḥa Kusūfiyya
Authors: Thomann Johannes 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The main topic of this article comprises four unpublished Arabic texts on astrolabe-like instruments for showing the conditions of eclipses. They are the earliest technical descriptions of eclipse computers in any language. The first text is a treatise by ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā (ninth century) on a special astrolabe for lunar phases and eclipses. The second text is an anonymous redaction of the first text with some omissions and additions. The third text describes a similar instrument with a different design, which was invented by Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Nasṭūlus al-Asṭurlābī in the year 893/894 ce. The fourth anonymous text describes a plate for a graphical solution of the size of a lunar eclipse. In the concluding part, later Arabic descriptions of eclipse computers are summarized, some traces of these texts on real astrolabes are mentioned, and finally some comparable medieval Latin texts are referred to. Four Appendices contain an edition of the Arabic texts and English translations.
The Relative Influence of Time Variables on Primary Mathematics Achievement
Authors: Leach David J. , Tunnecliffe Michael R. 
Published: September 2017

During the past decade, a large body of research has well established the nexus between time variables and classroom achievement. This study measured the relative influence of two particular time variables (allocated time, pupil engaged time) on mathematics achievement as compared with the influence of two context variables (IQ, socioeconomic status), often cited as determinants of achievement. A multivariate analysis of the data collected from three primary schools indicated that time variables accounted for a significantly greater proportion of the variance in mathematics achievement scores than did the context variables measured. It was also found that, of all the variables investigated, pupil engaged time had the greatest influence on primary mathematics achievement. Some implications of these findings are commented upon in the light of time variable research carried out to date.
Exploring resting-state EEG complexity before migraine attacks
Authors: Cao Zehong , Lai Kuan-Lin , Lin Chin-Teng , Chuang Chun-Hsiang , Chou Chien-Chen , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: September 2017

Objective Entropy-based approaches to understanding the temporal dynamics of complexity have revealed novel insights into various brain activities. Herein, electroencephalogram complexity before migraine attacks was examined using an inherent fuzzy entropy approach, allowing the development of an electroencephalogram-based classification model to recognize the difference between interictal and preictal phases. Methods Forty patients with migraine without aura and 40 age-matched normal control subjects were recruited, and the resting-state electroencephalogram signals of their prefrontal and occipital areas were prospectively collected. The migraine phases were defined based on the headache diary, and the preictal phase was defined as within 72 hours before a migraine attack. Results The electroencephalogram complexity of patients in the preictal phase, which resembled that of normal control subjects, was significantly higher than that of patients in the interictal phase in the prefrontal area (FDR-adjusted p < 0.05) but not in the occipital area. The measurement of test-retest reliability (n = 8) using the intra-class correlation coefficient was good with r1 = 0.73 ( p = 0.01). Furthermore, the classification model, support vector machine, showed the highest accuracy (76 ± 4%) for classifying interictal and preictal phases using the prefrontal electroencephalogram complexity. Conclusion Entropy-based analytical methods identified enhancement or “normalization” of frontal electroencephalogram complexity during the preictal phase compared with the interictal phase. This classification model, using this complexity feature, may have the potential to provide a preictal alert to migraine without aura patients.
Diagnostic tests and specimens used to screen for Chlamydia trachomatis in genitourinary medicine clinics in the United Kingdom
Authors: David L M 
Published: September 2017

This questionnaire study looked at the diagnostics tests and specimens used to screen for Chlamydia trachomatis in UK genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics. Replies were received from 70% (185/265) of clinics. Half used only one site to screen women. One-third took anal swabs from patients who had anal sex and 10% took oropharyngeal swabs from patients who had oral sex. Immunoassays were used to screen men for chlamydia in 86% of the clinics and women in 88%. Only 60% of male and 62% of female immunoassays were supplemented by a second test. Six per cent of clinics used molecular technique (MT) to screen men and 4% to screen women and 4% were trying to acquire it. Culture was not available to 58% of clinics. MT was not available to 81%, 89% of which was due to non provision locally and/or cost. Only 7% of clinicians thought that using MT for screening was unnecessary. There were significant differences in the availability of the technique between large academic and small clinics. A national review of GUM strategies to screen for C. trachomatis with adequate funding is urgently needed.
Contact tracing for gonorrhoea in homosexual and heterosexual men
Authors: Rogstad K E , Clementson C , Ahmed-Jushuf I H 
Published: September 2017

We aimed to determine whether the success of partner notification for gonorrhoea in men was affected by sexual orientation. Analysis of standard clinic and health adviser records of all male patients found to be infected with gonorrhoea between October 1992 and September 1993 were carried out. Of the 278 cases of gonorrhoea in men, 9% (25) were acquired through homosexual intercourse and 91% (253) by heterosexual contact. Fifteen per cent (24) of Caucasians were homosexual but only 0.9% (1) of Afro-Caribbeans were. The mean number of contacts was 1.36 for homosexuals and 1.38 for heterosexuals. Contact information was given by 55% of heterosexuals and 48% of homosexuals. The proportion of acknowledged contacts attending was 38% for homosexuals and 56% for heterosexuals (P=0.054). Fifty-two per cent of homosexuals and 59% of heterosexuals had at least one contact attend. Data analysis on Caucasians only showed Caucasian gay men had a higher mean number of contacts (1.38) than Caucasian heterosexuals (1.28). Caucasian homosexuals had a lower proportion of contacts attending (40% vs 77%) (P=0.05), 54% of homosexual men and 60% of heterosexual men had at least one contact attending (P=0.74). There is a trend for partner notification to be less successful in homosexual men when all ethnic groups are considered together. In Caucasian men with gonorrhoea, homosexuals have a greater number of partners than heterosexuals and have a lower proportion of total contacts attending but there is no difference in the proportion having at least one contact attending. Data on sexual orientation and ethnicity should be reported in studies assessing efficacy of contact tracing.
Evaluating a Psychoeducational Sexual Assault Prevention Program Incorporating Theatrical Presentation, Peer Education, and Social Work
Authors: Black Beverly , Weisz Arlene , Coats Suzanne , Patterson Debra 
Published: September 2017

Objective A theatrical sexual assault prevention program presented by social work students on an urban university campus was evaluated to assess its influence on attitude change of audience attendees. Method A quasi-experimental pretest, posttest, follow-up group design using a sample of 100 participants and a comparison group of 64 was implemented to evaluate the program's effectiveness. Results Posttest mean scores were significantly lower than pretest mean scores on the Rape Myth Acceptance Scale. Follow-up scores on two of the four subscales were significantly lower than pretest scores. Conclusion Integrating the disciplines of theater, education, and social work for prevention programming may influence attitudes and contribute to the maintenance of attitude change on some aspects of beliefs related to sexual assault.
The Development of a High-Intensity Parent Training Program for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Child Conduct Problems
Authors: O'reilly Dermot , Dillenburger Karola 
Published: September 2017

Objective A home-based parent training program for the treatment of moderate to severe conduct problems was developed in two stages. Method Study 1, a case study, examined the inverse covariation between child compliance to parental instruction and aversive responding. Study 2, which used a multiple-baseline-across-subjects experimental design with two families, examined the effectiveness of a multicomponent treatment strategy for the reduction of aversive child behavior. Treatment was conducted as in Study 1 with the addition of high-intensity training in a time-out procedure. Direct observations of parent and child behavior were conducted in the home setting. Results Study 1 demonstrated the inverse covariation effect. Study 2 demonstrated significant treatment gains in parent and child behaviors in both training and test settings, which were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Conclusions A home-based parent training program that includes high-intensity training in time-out is an effective treatment method for moderate to severe child conduct problems.
Right-to-Try Investigational Therapies for Incurable Disorders
Authors: Simmons Zachary 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Patients with life-threatening disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, for which only minimally effective medical therapies currently exist, often seek treatments not proven to be effective and not approved by regulatory agencies for use outside of experimental treatment trials. The expanded access (compassionate use) provisions of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for access to such therapies are often perceived as being inadequate. In response, states have passed right-to-try laws designed to improve access to experimental therapies for patients willing to assume the risks associated with such treatments. This situation has resulted in conflicts between those who perceive access to such treatments as their right as autonomous individuals and those who believe that the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence justify actions of physicians and regulators in controlling access to such treatments. A variety of factors also contribute to the inequitable distribution of such treatments. Better systems are needed to improve access to promising new treatments while protecting these vulnerable patients from the abuses associated with human research in the preregulatory era.
General Approach to Peripheral Nerve Disorders
Authors: Russell James A. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article provides a conceptual framework for the evaluation of patients with suspected polyneuropathy to enhance the clinician’s ability to localize and confirm peripheral nervous system pathology and, when possible, identify an etiologic diagnosis through use of rational clinical and judicious testing strategies.

Recent Findings: Although these strategies are largely time-honored, recent insights pertaining to the pathophysiology of certain immune-mediated neuropathies and to evolving genetic testing strategies may modify the way that select causes of neuropathy are conceptualized, evaluated, and managed.

Summary: The strategies suggested in this article are intended to facilitate accurate bedside diagnosis in patients with suspected polyneuropathy and allow efficient and judicious use of supplementary testing and application of rational treatment when indicated.
Drama as a community engagement strategy for malaria in rural Cambodia
Authors: Lim Renly , Tripura Rupam , J Peto Thomas , Sareth Ma , Sanann Nou , Davoeung Chan , Nguon Chea , Cheah Phaik Yeong 
Published: September 2017

Background: Countries in Southeast Asia are working to eliminate multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria, a major cause of mortality in tropical regions. Malaria is declining but transmission persists in many rural areas and among forest workers and isolated populations. In these remote communities, conventional health services and education are limited. Mobilising and educating these populations require new approaches as many people are illiterate and do not attend village meetings. This article describes a qualitative study to assess the feasibility of a drama project as a community engagement strategy. Methods: A drama project was conducted in twenty villages in Cambodia with three key messages: to use insecticide-treated bednets and repellents, to get early diagnosis and treatment, and to learn about risks of forest-acquired malaria. Qualitative interviews were conducted with the drama team members, village malaria workers, local health staffs and villagers, to explore the feasibility of using drama to engage the community and the associated challenges. Results: 29 people were interviewed, which included 18 semi-structured interviews and one focus group discussion. Analysis of the interviews resulted in development of the following seven themes: i) exposure to malaria and engagement activities, ii) readiness and barriers to participation, iii) understanding and learning about malaria using drama, iv) entertainment value and engagement method preferences, v) challenges to community engagement, vi) future participation and vii) sustainability. The event saw a very positive response, with an encouraging average participation rate of 66%. The project faced several challenges including logistic problems, rescheduling due to raining season, and time- and budget-constraints. Conclusions: Our evaluation demonstrated that the drama project was feasible in promoting awareness and understanding of malaria prevention and control. Audience members perceived drama as entertaining and as the preferred choice of engagement activity. Participatory drama could be considered as part of the community engagement for malaria elimination.
Cemented total hip arthroplasty following acetabular fracture
Authors: Scott C. E. H. , MacDonald D. , Moran M. , White T. O. , Patton J. T. , Keating J. F. 
Published: September 2017

AimsTo evaluate the outcomes of cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) following a fracture of the acetabulum, with evaluation of risk factors and comparison with a patient group with no history of fracture.Patients and MethodsBetween 1992 and 2016, 49 patients (33 male) with mean age of 57 years (25 to 87) underwent cemented THA at a mean of 6.5 years (0.1 to 25) following acetabular fracture. A total of 38 had undergone surgical fixation and 11 had been treated non-operatively; 13 patients died at a mean of 10.2 years after THA (0.6 to 19). Patients were assessed pre-operatively, at one year and at final follow-up (mean 9.1 years, 0.5 to 23) using the Oxford Hip Score (OHS). Implant survivorship was assessed. An age and gender-matched cohort of THAs performed for non-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) or avascular necrosis (AVN) (n = 98) were used to compare complications and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).ResultsThe mean time from fracture to THA was significantly shorter for patients with AVN (2.2 years) or protrusio (2.2 years) than those with post-traumatic OA (9.4 years) or infection (8.0 years) (p = 0.03). Nine contained and four uncontained defects were managed with autograft (n = 11), bulk allograft (n = 1), or trabecular metal augment (n = 1). Initial fracture management (open reduction and internal fixation or non-operative), timing of THA (> /< one year), and age (> /< 55 years) had no significant effect on OHS or ten-year survival. Six THAs were revised at mean of 12 years (5 to 23) with ten-year all-cause survival of 92% (95% confidence interval 80.8 to 100). THA complication rates (all complications, heterotopic ossification, leg length discrepancy > 10 mm) were significantly higher following acetabular fracture compared with atraumatic OA/AVN and OHSs were inferior: one-year OHS (35.7 versus 40.2, p = 0.026); and final follow-up OHS (33.6 versus 40.9, p = 0.008).ConclusionCemented THA is a reasonable option for the sequelae of acetabular fracture. Higher complication rates and poorer PROMs, compared with patients undergoing THA for atraumatic causes, reflects the complex nature of these cases. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1399–1408.
Revision total knee arthroplasty for failed high tibial osteotomy and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty have similar patient-reported outcome measures in a two-year follow-up study
Authors: Lim J. B. T. , Chong H. C. , Pang H. N. , Tay K. J. D. , Chia S. L. , Lo N. N. , Yeo S. J. 
Published: September 2017

AimsLittle is known about the relative outcomes of revision of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and high tibial osteotomy (HTO) to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of revision surgery for the two procedures in terms of complications, re-revision and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at a minimum of two years follow-up.Patients and MethodsThis study was a retrospective review of data from an institutional arthroplasty registry for cases performed between 2001 and 2014. A total of 292 patients were identified, of which 217 had a revision of HTO to TKA, and 75 had revision of UKA to TKA. While mean follow-up was longer for the HTO group compared with the UKA group, patient demographics (age, body mass index and Charlson co-morbidity index) and PROMs (Short Form-36, Oxford Knee Score, Knee Society Score, both objective and functional) were similar in the two groups prior to revision surgery. Outcomes included the rate of complications and re-operation, PROMS and patient-reported satisfaction at six months and two years post-operatively. We also compared the duration of surgery and the need for revision implants in the two groups.ResultsAt two-year follow-up, both groups of patients had made significant improvement in terms of PROMs compared with pre-operative scores. PROMs and satisfaction rates were similar in the two groups. Complications requiring re-operation were significantly more frequent in the HTO group whilst more revision implants were used in the UKA group, resulting in a longer operative duration.ConclusionRevision of HTO and UKA achieve similar post-operative PROMs and satisfaction. Revision of UKA more frequently requires revision components with increased operation duration but fewer complications requiring re-operation compared with revision of HTO. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1329–34.
An evidence-based guide to the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Chughtai M. , Piuzzi N. S. , Khlopas A. , Jones L. C. , Goodman S. B. , Mont M. A. 
Published: September 2017

Non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a potentially devastating condition, the prevalence of which is increasing. Many joint-preserving forms of treatment, both medical and surgical, have been developed in an attempt to slow or reverse its progression, as it usually affects young patients. However, it is important to evaluate the best evidence that is available for the many forms of treatment considering the variation in the demographics of the patients, the methodology and the outcomes in the studies that have been published, so that it can be used effectively. The purpose of this review, therefore, was to provide an up-to-date, evidence-based guide to the management, both non-operative and operative, of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1267–79.
Art-led regeneration in Margate: Learning from Moonbow Jakes Café and Lido Nightclub intervention
Authors: Lees Loretta , McKiernan John 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article considers whether a new iconic landmark – the Turner Contemporary – is likely to be a successful vehicle for the regeneration of the English seaside town of Margate in Kent. It does so by looking at the socio-economic context of Margate, the evidence about top-down models of art-led regeneration, and the data collected in a bottom up arts initiative – Moonbow Jakes Café and Lido Nightclub intervention – which was opened at the same time as the Turner Contemporary in the Summer of 2011.
The consumption of communism: Changing representations of Statue Park Museum and Budapest
Authors: Clements Paul 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Statue Park Museum created on the outskirts of Budapest is a symbol of the changing times in Eastern and Central Europe. It exemplifies how cultural meaning can alter in response to ideological representations and memory of the communist era, ‘silent revolution’ and the new reality of post-communist ‘freedom’. The Park is an intriguing site of decommissioned public statuary that theoretically can be interpreted as an overlap of modernist and postmodernist discourses of the public sphere. It encourages identification by a range of publics and viewer gazes offering ambiguity and irony. There is a redefinition of space as commercial interest offering particular ‘privatist’ discourses severed from reference to the past, echoing changes in the political economy of Hungary. Much ambivalence has been created by post-communist agendas, the reconstruction of history and related notions of heritage. This is considered in light of the rebranding of Budapest in relation to national and civic identity, underpinned by neo-liberal discourse.