bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversación sostenida (... con el coreógrafo y poeta José Luis Tahua)
Authors: Borrero Echeverry Juliana , Tahua José Luis 
Published: December 2016

En los años 1950s Maurice Blanchot se pregunta ¿qué es lo literario?, y se responde diciendo que laliteratura es algo que se redefine cada vez. “Precisamente, la esencia de la literatura es sustraerse a toda determinación esencial, a toda afirmación que la estabilice o que incluso la realice: la literatura nunca está ahí ya, siempre está por encontrar o por reinventar”.¿Qué significa escribir poesía hoy? ¿De qué se alimenta el cuerpo del poeta para engendrar el poema?¿Cómo se produce a sí mismo el poeta? ¿Hacia donde apunta el camino de la poesía? ¿Cómo se constituye su fineza y su rigor? ¿Cuál es el trabajo del poeta en tiempos de penuria? pregunta Heidegger. ¿Cómo dar cuenta de una literatura viva?
FUNCTIONAL LITERACY LEARNING IN THE SYSTEM OF ADULT EDUCATION IN BELGIUM
Authors: Mukan Natalia , Fuchyla Olena 
Published: December 2016

In the article, the problem of functional literacy training organisation in the system of adult education in Belgium has been studied. The authors analyse the scientific and pedagogical literature which highlights different aspects of the problem under research; characterise the research methodology which comprises theoretical and applied methods. They present the theoretical and methodological framework (humanistic, pluralistic, andragogy concepts) of functional literacy learning; different approaches (standard, context, social and cultural) to the term “functional literacy” treatment; concretise the definition of “functional literacy”. The scholars study prerequisites (historical, political, social and cultural, social and economic, linguistic) of adults’ functional illiteracy development in the modern Belgian society. The researchers characterise the system of adult education according to the structural and functional approach, especially, its legislative, managerial, organisational, and academic levels. They present the systematised and generalised specificities of learning organisation for adults’ functional literacy development in formal education of Flemish Community (Centres for adult education), German-speaking Community (public schools), in non-formal education of French Community (network of volunteer organisations). The scientists analyse the content (knowledge, skills of basic and professional education, social and personal skills, skills for self-education) and operational (organisational forms and methods; methods for learning motivation) components of functional literacy learning. The authors present the research conclusions and perspectives for further research.
TEMPORAL AND LOCATIVE PREPOSITIONS VERSUS ADVERBS: LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL OVERLAPPING (CORPUS-BASED STUDY)
Authors: Kovbasko Yurii 
Published: December 2016

The paper focuses on an essential problem of a “part-of-speech” theory, including temporal and locative prepositions and adverbs overlapping in lexical and grammatical perspective. The study is pursued on a corpus-based approach towards prepositions and adverbs overlapping in present-day English (PDE), giving consideration to the complements applied. The latter are divided into two wide groups, namely Noun Phrase and Alternative Complements. To organise the results the comparative-parametric method of linguistic research developed by Sternina was introduced. A comparison has been made between traditional interpretation of complement use and practical corpus-based results in PDE. It has been ascertained that among 94 lexical units treated as one-word prepositions 49 units show overlapping of prepositions and adverbs; however, 39 units bear locative and temporal semes. The results of the PDE corpus-based research show that conventional interpretation of prepositions as lexical units governing Noun Phrase Complements and Adverbs as units correlating with Alternative Complements is deceptive, as it is based on a synchronic syntactic approach, neglecting diachronic syntax and semantics. The hypothesis proposed describes a necessity to reconsider modern PoS division theory, taking into account diachronic approach and analysis of lexical units at the stages of their genesis in Old English and Middle English periods.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE TO ARTISTS
Authors: Ghritchenko Iryna , Nesterenko Inna 
Published: December 2016

The article highlights the problem of foreign language training of future artists in higher educational establishments. The main feature of English for specific purposes (ESP) is a professionally oriented approach to learning English. It involves the formation of students’ ability to foreign language communication in specific areas and situations. Permanent and variable characteristics of a foreign language for specific purposes are given. The main issues of studying ESP by art students include the specifics of lexical content and special format of oral and written texts related to the profession. With the help of dominant perceptual modality diagnostics by S. Yefremtsev, we have defined that 95% of all respondents refer to the visual type. The common features of visuals were taken into account in creating the system of classes based on the communicative approach and the principle of visual perception of information. The article analyzes the content and feasibility of the ESP textbook specially created for future artists. Main lingo-didactic (general teaching) principles of training of speech activity types are described. They include: specific professional area, complexity and interconnectedness of learning types of speech activity, dominance of one type of speech activity at a certain stage of training, learning objectives, gradual and consistent skills formation, the text as a basis for any kind of speaking, the richness of analytical tools in every form of speaking, facilities, and advanced technology training. The article proves the necessity of using Internet resources in teaching ESP.
The Effect of Three Spacing and Goat Urine Application on Early Growth of Manglid
Authors: Hani Aditya 
Published: December 2016

The productivity of manglid (Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. Ex Pierre) as the prominent plant commodity in West Java, can be improved by environmental manipulation such as spacing and fertilization. The objective of this research is to identify the effect of plant spacing and the use of goat urine as the leaves fertilizer on manglid planting until 19 month old. We used Randomized Block with Split Plot Design using three times replication. Main factor to be considered is the plant spacing with three different space :3 x 3 m (J1) ; 2 x 3 m (J2) and 2 x 2 m (J), while the secondary factor is three different doses of goat urine given : control (P1), 240 ml (P2), and 480 ml(P3. The results showed that the best treatment of planting manglid were treatment spacing of 2 x 2 m with goat urine fertilizer application as much as 240 ml per plant that produces high 191,5 cm and 3.83 cm of diameter up to the age of 19 months.
Improving People’s Lives: The Grand Challenges for Engineering
Authors: Meehan Nathan 
Published: December 2016

President's column
The first brief flight at Kitty Hawk in 1903 did not immediately make the Wright brothers famous; however, within 5 years, enthusiasm for the new technology began to spread around the world. Louis Blériot won a prize for flying over the English Channel in a heavier-than-air craft in 1909, and Charles Lindbergh won the USD 25,000 Orteig prize for the first nonstop flight between New York and Paris in 1927. Multiple teams competed and spent hundreds of thousands of dollars pursuing the prize. Technical advances developed by the competitors led to multiple advances in aviation, revolutionizing the way the world works.
Incentivizing Technological Innovation
The concept of an inducement prize (as opposed to a recognition prize such as Nobel Prizes) is well established for the solution of a problem that is important to society. The British, Spanish, and Dutch governments all offered monetary prizes as early as 1567 for breakthroughs in determining the longitude of a ship at sea. Many scientists and engineers worked on this problem, resulting in substantial advances in timekeeping, telescopes, and other technologies. The French government offered a large prize during the Napoleonic wars for a way to safely and cheaply preserve large amounts of food, leading to pasteurization advances.
The Ansari XPRIZE challenged teams to build a spaceship capable of carrying three people to 100 km above the Earth’s surface twice within two weeks. The USD 10-million prize was awarded in 2004 and has sparked other XPRIZES designed to encourage advances in oil spill cleanup, adult literacy, medicine, and various technologies. The concept is to specify an audacious goal that will benefit mankind if a significant breakthrough is made.
SPE R&D Committee Identifies Grand Challenges
The National Academy of Engineering incorporated input from leading technological minds to identify 14 “grand challenges” for engineering for the 21st century. Several of these dealt with energy, including making solar energy more commercial, providing energy from fusion, and carbon sequestration. The SPE Research and Development (R&D) Committee identified five grand challenges for the petroleum industry including:
High-resolution subsurface imaging
Challenges in reusing produced water
In-situ molecular manipulation
Increasing hydrocarbon recovery factors
Carbon capture and sequestration
An additional focus on the environment, including minimizing the footprint of oil and gas activities, and oil spill prevention and response were added, so these are often referred to as the “5+1” challenges.
Metal-Formed Liner Hanger Avoids High-Setting-Pressure Requirements
Authors: Mullins Frank 
Published: December 2016

Seminole Services announced the commercialization of its first product, the Powerscrew Liner System, a new expandable-liner hanger that is set with torsional energy from the topdrive (Fig. 1). The Louisiana-based company began development on the tool and associated equipment in the fall of 2012. Rooted in solid mechanics and material science, the company provides engineered wellbore solutions to exploration and production companies actively engaged in drilling oil and gas wells.
In the evolution of liner hangers, mechanically set systems were developed first. While many operators believe mechanical systems are more robust and provide superior sealing integrity when compared with hydraulically set hangers, older mechanical systems typically lack reliability, especially in applications requiring longer liners in deviated wellbores. In large part, this is because of the risks associated with reaming a mechanical hanger to setting depth. Reliability rates were increased with the introduction of hydraulically set hangers, which allowed a greater range of applications. However, the newer setting method suffers from its own limitations, such as flow-area restrictions, compatibility with drilling-fluid additives, and a multitude of potential leak paths.
With the advent of expandable-liner hangers, further increases in setting reliability were achieved along with even greater applications. The increase in reliability stemmed, at least in part, from greater success reaming the liner to setting depth. The higher reliability of expandables is perhaps a consequence of greater flow area at the liner top and the lack of external setting devices. This has led to many new developments in drilling with liners (DWL).
Nevertheless, expandable-liner hangers continue to suffer from potential leak paths associated with high hydraulic pressure sourced at the mud pumps. The hydraulic pressure provides energy to the running tool necessary in setting the liner top. In most expandable systems, pressure pushes the roller/ expansion cones/sleeve through a metal-formed tubular by use of a multitude of pressurized connections and fluid ports. By contrast, the torsionally set system combines the latest in metal-forming technology along with the best features of mechanically set systems. The result is a setting process that does not require high hydraulic pressures and eliminates the risks associated with reaming the liner to setting depth and DWL.
Technology Update: Leveraging Subsurface Insight, Screening, and Diversion Technology in Refracturing
Authors: Walser Doug 
Published: December 2016

Technology Update
A challenging commodity price environment has forced operators to seek methods for sharply lowering recovery cost per barrel of oil equivalent (BOE) in unconventional plays.
Some reduced costs have resulted from the overcapacity of global services. Other reductions have resulted from declining industry activity, which has increased the availability of personnel and led to a renewed focus on maximizing drilling and completion (D&C) process efficiency.
A portion of the recovery cost reduction has resulted directly from incremental technical innovations and process improvements that were difficult to achieve when operators and service companies were concerned chiefly with D&C execution.
Older processes were designed to maximize early production, whereas a number of newer technologies focus on maximizing net present value (NPV). High NPV is most often achieved by reducing uncertainty and manipulating the cost portion of the NPV equation, especially when the commodity price and/or discount rate is uncontrollable.
D&C portfolios have primarily contained a mix of delineation wells and development wells. Delineation wells have a higher cost per BOE but a higher potential for accelerating reserve recovery. Development wells have a lower cost per BOE but a lower potential for accelerating recovery. This mix of wells is appropriate for periods when margins are high enough to cover the associated D&C costs. However, the loss of such margins in a low-price environment has prompted adjustments to lower the average cost per BOE.
One strategy for lowering that cost is to increase the percentage of refractured wells in a portfolio. Typically, the cost per BOE of refracturing is substantially lower than that of drilling and completing delineation or development wells.
Recently, the development and implementation of effective stimulation diversion techniques and greater focus on candidate screening have narrowed the window of uncertainty in executing refracturing operations in horizontal wells. These improvements have reduced the economic risk of these operations and created further incentive to shift portfolio strategies toward refracturing.
Taking advantage of refracturing opportunities in a portfolio involves four steps.
Screen the best candidate properties, based on reservoir quality and the potential to exceed the original completion quality.
Design the optimal refracture treatment to place new conductive fractures where desired and reconnect existing ones.
Execute the refracture treatment for coverage of all selected lateral areas, using the latest processes, techniques, and materials.
Diagnose the refracture performance and optimize the refracture design for analogous properties, using state-of-the- art diagnostic tools.
This article primarily discusses the candidate selection process.
Innovative Developments in Caspian Republics’ Oil and Gas Production
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: December 2016

The past decade has seen the Caspian Sea region come into its own as one of the world’s most important frontiers in oil and gas production. Though it saw some of the first oil-producing wells of the modern era, the region’s importance to the global industry—if not to the Soviet Union, which long constituted most of its shoreline—waned as the Middle East took center stage. But with exploration and production (E&P) efforts expanding, geopolitical realities changing, and technology bounding forward, the Caspian has again moved into the spotlight.
Along with the Russian Federation and the Islamic Republic of Iran, three Central Asian republics—Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan—share the Caspian’s extensive shoreline and, to varying degrees, its enormous potential for oil and gas production. All three republics are in the midst of intensive efforts to underpin their developing economies by increased exploitation of massive reserves.
Boundary and rights disputes among the neighbors over Caspian waters are common, and often greatly complicate investment opportunities. Azerbaijan’s oil reserves are estimated to be approximately 7 billion bbl, with gas reserves of 35 Tcf; Kazakhstan’s oil and gas reserves both rank well within the world’s top 20, at 30 billion bbl and 1.5 Tcm, respectively; and Turkmenistan’s gigantic gas reserves are among the world’s largest at 17.5 Tcm. In their third decade of full independence, all three nations have encountered challenges in contacting, producing, and exporting their impressive resources.
Some of these challenges, such as struggles with creating an efficient infrastructure and a skilled domestic labor force, are endemic to emerging nations, while others are particular to the broad range of climactic and environmental conditions that encircle the world’s largest enclosed inland body of water. As the three young republics search for the best way to solidify economic and geopolitical identities as stable industry producers, a proliferation of companies has established a presence both on- and offshore. Most Caspian oil production currently comes from onshore fields, but offshore production is viewed as the primary target of future development. The goal now is to successfully expand and nurture these economic identities while best serving the world’s energy needs in a period of uncertainty.
EOR-Feasibility Study for a Large Carbonate Field in Kuwait
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: December 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 173255, “EOR-Feasibility Study Through an Integrated Laboratory Evaluation and Reservoir Simulation for a Large Carbonate Field in Kuwait,” by F. Koyassan Veedu, D.E. Thomas, P. Wang, K. Eskandaridalvand, and J. Hornbrook, DeGolyer & MacNaughton; G.A. Pope, The University of Texas at Austin; and E. Al-Maraghi, B.B. Singh, B.S. Al-Matar, B.A. Al-Saad, M.M. Al-Qahtani, and S. Tiwari, Kuwait Oil Company, prepared for the 2015 SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium, Houston, 23–25 February. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
This paper presents the results of reservoir simulations for the Mauddud reservoir in the Sabiriyah field (SAMA) in Kuwait, which is a high-temperature and high-salinity carbonate reservoir. The subject reservoir has been under pattern waterflood. Many wells experienced water breakthrough with considerable increase in water cut because of high reservoir heterogeneity and adverse mobility ratio. This study provides technical analysis of the viability of enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) processes; the results indicate the potential for significant improvement in recovery efficiency over continued waterflooding.
Introduction
SAMA is a giant carbonate oil reservoir covering more than 200 km2 in northern Kuwait. Oil production began in January 1958 and continued under primary recovery until 2000. In 1998, a waterflood pilot was conducted successfully. As a result, inverted-nine-spot waterflood patterns were implemented in 2001. As of 2011, the fieldwide water cut reached approximately 30%.
Sector Model
A large sector model was developed to study field-scale fluid-flow behavior in SAMA. The first step in generating a sector model was to identify an area of interest (AOI) suitable for EOR applications. A sector geocellular model was then developed for the selected AOI with available petrophysical and geological data. A sector simulation model was obtained from the upscaling of the sector geo cellular model. The sector simulation model was calibrated with the production, pressure, and other surveillance data from the wells in the sector-model area. The history-matched model was then used to perform gas-EOR-forecast simulations. Details of this process are provided in the complete paper.
Refracturing: A Second Chance To Get It Right Through Diagnostics
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: December 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 174979, “Refracturing—Diagnostics Provide a Second Chance To Get It Right,” by R.S. Leonard, SPE, C.P. Moore, SPE, R.A. Woodroof, SPE, and C.W. Senters, SPE, Core Laboratories, prepared for the 2015 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Houston, 28–30 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The surge in unconventional completions has created a substantial accumulation of previously hydraulically fractured wells that are candidates for hydraulic refracturing. Completion diagnostics are a valuable tool in determining the most cost-effective stimulation and completion parameters, part of the refracturing optimization process. Refracturing allows the operator to capitalize on this continuous improvement in stimulation design. It also provides an excellent opportunity to add incremental production.
Introduction
The primary purpose of refracturing is to increase production from an existing wellbore through stimulation of new rock and the re-establishing of conductive pathways between the reservoir and wellbore. This paper analyzes diagnostic results for a variety of wells in restimulated formations around the country (data for all 69 wells restimulated in 11 formations are provided in the complete paper). This analysis process illustrates that all formations are unique and need to be evaluated independently. What works well in one area often does not apply in other areas because of reservoir differences along with pressure and temperature variances.
Diagnostics
Proppant Tracers. The primary diagnostic technique discussed in this paper is proppant tracing, using three distinct low-level gamma-emitting tracers: iridium-192, scandium-46, and antimony-124. The tracers are pumped primarily throughout the proppant-laden portion of the stimulation. A spectral gamma ray logging tool is run to identify near- wellbore proppant placement of each individual tracer. The proppant tracers are ceramic beads, typically 40/70 mesh. The specific isotopes fall in a sweet-spot of half-lives that make them ideal for this application. Through the years, production-log data have shown an excellent correlation with near-wellbore proppant placement, and this same strong correlation exists with traced refracturing.