bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stock Exchange Interconnections and Legal Issues in Data Exchange
Authors: Polčák Radim 
Published: October 2017

If philosophical cybernetics was interested in stock exchanges, it would probably treat them as relatively simple information structures. From that perspective, stock exchanges can be viewed as places where data on supply and demand of various negotiable instruments are processed. Besides that, stock exchanges, as institutions, provide respective transactions with additional informational (organisational) value that mostly consist of trust regarding the traders, clearing etc.Consequently, a stock exchange interconnection can be seen as very natural process providing for bigger pool of useful data. One of key tasks in the establishment of exchange schemes is then not to hinder or diminish the added information value, i.e. to at least keep the existing level of trust. In that sense, one of the most important components of interconnection design is the legal compliance.In the comment, we will examine some of the most emerging legal issues in data sharing between stock exchanges that were subject to examination under recently concluded project ‘Creating a legal and regulatory framework for interconnections between stock exchanges: A comparative study of the UK and Taiwan’ funded by the British Academy (UK) and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan. We will particularly focus in this comment on compliance issues in cross-border transfers of personal data and newly emerging regulatory phenomenon of cybersecurity.
Release of Black Carbon From Thawing Permafrost Estimated by Sequestration Fluxes in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf Recipient
Authors: Salvadó Joan A. , Bröder Lisa , Andersson August , Semiletov Igor P. , Gustafsson Örjan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBlack carbon (BC) plays an important role in carbon burial in marine sediments globally. Yet the sequestration of BC in the Arctic Ocean is poorly understood. Here we assess the concentrations, fluxes, and sources of soot BC (SBC)—the most refractory component of BC—in sediments from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS), the World's largest shelf sea system. SBC concentrations in the contemporary shelf sediments range from 0.1 to 2.1 mg g−1 dw, corresponding to 2–12% of total organic carbon. The 210Pb‐derived fluxes of SBC (0.42–11 g m−2 yr−1) are higher or in the same range as fluxes reported for marine surface sediments closer to anthropogenic emissions. The total burial flux of SBC in the ESAS (~4,000 Gg yr−1) illustrates the great importance of this Arctic shelf in marine sequestration of SBC. The radiocarbon signal of the SBC shows more depleted yet also more uniform signatures (−721 to −896‰; average of −774 ± 62‰) than of the non‐SBC pool (−304 to −728‰; average of −491 ± 163‰), suggesting that SBC is coming from an, on average, 5,900 ± 300 years older and more specific source than the non‐SBC pool. We estimate that the atmospheric BC input to the ESAS is negligible (~0.6% of the SBC burial flux). Statistical source apportionment modeling suggests that the ESAS sedimentary SBC is remobilized by thawing of two permafrost carbon (PF/C) systems: surface soil permafrost (topsoil/PF; 25 ± 8%) and Pleistocene ice complex deposits (ICD/PF; 75 ± 8%). The SBC contribution to the total mobilized permafrost carbon (PF/C) increases with increasing distance from the coast (from 5 to 14%), indicating that the SBC is more recalcitrant than other forms of translocated PF/C. These results elucidate for the first time the key role of permafrost thaw in the transport of SBC to the Arctic Ocean. With ongoing global warming, these findings have implications for the biogeochemical carbon cycle, increasing the size of this refractory carbon pool in the Arctic Ocean.
Charge Proportional and Weakly Mass‐Dependent Acceleration of Different Ion Species in the Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: Catapano F. , Zimbardo G. , Perri S. , Greco A. , Delcourt D. , Retinò A. , Cohen I. J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEnergetic particles with energies from tens of keV to a few hundred keV are frequently observed in the Earth's magnetotail. Here we study, by means of a test particle numerical simulation, the acceleration of different ion species (H+, He+, He++, and On+ with n = 1–6) in the presence of transient electromagnetic perturbations. All the considered ions develop power law tails at high energies, except for O+ ions. This is strongly correlated to the time that the particle spends in the current sheet. Ion acceleration is found to be proportional to the charge state, while it grows in a weaker way with the ion mass. We find that O5+/6+ can reach energies higher than 500 keV. These results may explain the strong oxygen acceleration observed in the magnetotail.
Diastereoselective Regiodivergent Mannich Versus Tandem Mannich‐Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Zhang Wenzhong , Wang Xin , Zhu Biqing , Zhu Di , Han Jianlin , Wzorek Alicja , Sato Azusa , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Zhou Jie , Pan Yi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the present work, we report the addition reactions between (S)‐ and (R)‐N‐t‐butylsulfinyl‐3,3,3‐trifluoro‐acetaldimine and tertiary enolates derived from α‐thiocyanate ketones. We demonstrate that these reactions feature unusual regiodivergence, affording either the direct Mannich adducts (NaOAc/THF) or the products of tandem Mannich addition‐cyclization (Na2CO3/DMF) reactions. The latter represents a new class of spirocyclic trifluoromethyl‐containing aziridines unavailable by other approaches. The reactions show wide structural generality, rendering them of certain synthetic value for preparation of new fluorine‐containing polyfunctional compounds of biological relevance. Mechanistic rationale for the observed reactivity and stereochemical outcome is provided.magnified image
High‐Performance Non‐Enzyme Hydrogen Peroxide Detection in Neutral Solution: Using a Nickel Borate Nanoarray as a 3D Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Wang Zao , Xie Fengyu , Liu Zhiang , Du Gu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt is highly attractive to construct natural enzyme‐free nanoarray architecture as a 3D catalyst for hydrogen peroxide detection due to its great specific surface area and easy accessibility to target molecules. In this communication, we demonstrate that nickel borate nanoarray supported on carbon cloth (Ni−Bi/CC) behaves as an efficient catalyst electrode for H2O2 electro‐reduction in neutral media. As a non‐enzymatic electrochemical H2O2 sensor, such Ni−Bi/CC shows superior sensing performances with a fast response time (less than 3 s), a low detection limit (0.85 nm, S/N=3), and a high sensitivity (18320 μA mm cm−2). Importantly, it also demonstrates favourable reproducibility and long‐term stability.
Lipid‐Coated Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized by Folic Acid as Gene Vectors for Targeted Gene Delivery in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Du Baoji , Gu Xiaoxiao , Han Xu , Ding Guanyu , Wang Yuling , Li Dan , Wang Erkang , Wang Jin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLipid‐based nanoparticles as gene vectors have attracted considerable attention for their high gene transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity. In our previous work, we synthesized gold nanoparticles/dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DODAB)/dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) (GDD) as anionic lipid‐ and pH‐sensitive gene vectors. To further realize targeted gene transfection, a series of gold nanoparticles/DODAB/DOPE/DOPE‐folic acid (DOPE‐FA) with various ratios of DOPE‐FA were prepared and termed as GFn (for which n=1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 %). The gene transfection efficiency mediated by GF2.5 can reach about 85 % for MCF‐7 (FA‐receptor‐positive cells), higher than those of the negative control (GDD, 35 %) and positive control (Lipofectamine 2000, 65 %). However, GF2.5 does not further promote gene transfection into A549 (FA‐receptor‐negative cells). The higher gene transfection efficiency for MCF‐7 cells can be attributed to enhanced cellular uptake efficiency mediated by the FA targeting ability. Furthermore, GF2.5 was also found to accumulate at the specific tumor site and showed enhanced in vivo gene delivery ability. In addition, no significant harm was observed for the main tissues of the mice after treatment with GF2.5. Therefore, GF2.5, with the targeting ability and improved transfection efficiency, shows promise for its utility in gene therapy for tumor cells that overexpress FA receptors. We believe the results of this study will find more broad applications in gene therapy.
Morphological Diversity in Nanoporous Covalent Organic Materials Derived from Viologen and Pyrene
Authors: Das Gobinda , Skorjanc Tina , Sharma Sudhir Kumar , Prakasam Thirumurugan , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos , Han Dong Suk , Raya Jesus , Olsen John‐Carl , Jagannathan Ramesh , Trabolsi Ali 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAdjustment of the morphology of covalent organic nanomaterials is a challenge but can be achieved by perturbing the planarity of the monomers used as core moieties in these polymers. Here we describe a template‐free Zincke reaction for the synthesis of covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) that stack several layers thick and of covalent organic tubes (COTs). Both materials contain the same viologen linker but different pyrene‐based cores. Both polymeric materials are nanoporous, cationic, and highly stable in water, even in the presence of acid (1 M HCl) or base (1 M NaOH). Their porosity and ionic surfaces are responsible for high affinities and adsorption capacities for iodine vapor.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Letermovir Coadministered With Cyclosporine A or Tacrolimus in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Kropeit Dirk , von Richter Oliver , Stobernack Hans‐Peter , Rübsamen‐Schaeff Helga , Zimmermann Holger 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLetermovir is being developed for human cytomegalovirus infection treatment and prophylaxis. In patients receiving transplants, antivirals are coadministered with cyclosporine A (CsA) or tacrolimus (TAC) immunosuppressants. Therefore, we investigated the potential for letermovir–immunosuppressant interactions. In 2 phase 1 clinical trials either CsA 50 mg or TAC 5 mg was administered to healthy males. Following washout, letermovir 80 mg was dosed twice daily for 7 and 11 days in the CsA and TAC trials, respectively, with a second dose of immunosuppressant coadministered with letermovir at steady state. In addition, letermovir 40 mg twice daily was administered for 14 days, and either CsA 50 or 200 mg administered on days 7 and 14. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability were assessed. Letermovir increased CsA and TAC Cmax by 37% and 70%, respectively, and exposure by 70% and 78%, respectively, compared with immunosuppressant alone; t½ was also increased from 10.7 to 17.9 hours for CsA. CsA (50/200 mg) increased letermovir Cmax,ss (109%/167%) and AUCss,τ (126%/237%) and decreased t½ (4.33 to 3.68/3.04 hours) versus letermovir alone. TAC did not significantly affect letermovir pharmacokinetics. All treatments were well tolerated. Concomitant letermovir increased TAC and CsA exposure. CsA altered letermovir pharmacokinetics, whereas TAC did not.
Single‐Dose Pharmacokinetic Study of Diphenhydramine HCl in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Gelotte Cathy K. , Zimmerman Brenda A. , Thompson Gary A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDiphenhydramine pharmacokinetics were characterized following a single oral dose in children aged 2 to 17 years using a weight‐ and age‐based dosing schedule with more tiers than the current age‐based dosing schedule recommended by the nonprescription drug monograph. This study was conducted in 42 subjects, aged 2 to 17 years. Doses were based on a weight‐age dosing schedule, ranging from 6.25 to 50 mg. An oral dose was administered with water about 2 hours after a light breakfast. Plasma samples were obtained up to 48 hours after dosing and analyzed for diphenhydramine. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using noncompartmental methods, and the relationship of oral clearance with age was assessed using linear regression. Over an 8‐fold range of doses, Cmax and AUC increased ∼90 % to ∼140% across age groups, with a similar Tmax (1.5 hours). Oral CL/F increased with age, but after allometric scaling, no maturation‐related change in CL/F was apparent. Mild somnolence was the most commonly reported adverse event (95% of the subjects). A weight‐age dosing schedule using an 8‐fold range of doses achieved Cmax and AUC that increased about 2‐fold across age groups. No effect of maturation on CL/F was observed after allometric scaling.
Flicking the Switch on Donor–Acceptor Interactions in Hexaazatrinaphthalene Dyes: A Spectroscopic and Computational Study
Authors: Barnsley Jonathan E. , Lomax Bethany A. , McLay James R. W. , Larsen Christopher B. , Lucas Nigel T. , Gordon Keith C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by J. E. Barnsley et al. at the Department of Chemistry, University of Otago (New Zealand). The image illustrates the charge‐transfer behaviour of triphenylamine‐substituted hexaazatrinaphthalene dyes. For the thiophene‐linked compound, absorption and emission associated with the charge‐transfer state is intense (i.e. “ON”) whereas for the triazolyl‐linked compound the charge‐transfer absorption is almost completely diminished (i.e.“OFF”). Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cptc.201700092.
Pharmacokinetic properties of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH‐018 in oral fluid after inhalation
Authors: Toennes Stefan W. , Geraths Anna , Pogoda Werner , Paulke Alexander , Wunder Cora , Theunissen Eef L. , Ramaekers Johannes G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEach year, synthetic cannabinoids occur in high numbers on the illicit drug market, but data on their detectability are rarely available. A pilot study was performed to assess adverse effects of JWH‐018, which is one of the oldest and best known synthetic cannabinoids. Oral fluid has been evaluated as a specimen for drug monitoring. Six subjects inhaled smoke derived from 2 and 3 mg JWH‐018. The drug and 10 of its metabolites were analyzed in oral fluid samples collected during the following 12 hours using the Quantisal collection device by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Maximum concentrations of JWH‐018 reached 2.2–2036 (median 25.7) ng/mL after inhalation and decreased during the next hour to only 0.08–8.42 (median 0.89) ng/mL. Metabolites were not found. During the elimination phase (median half‐life 1.69 hours), detection of the drug over 6–12 hours (median 8 hours) after inhalation was achieved (0.024 ng/mL limit of quantification). Oral fluid/serum ratios varied considerably intra‐ and inter‐individually in a range of 0.05–555 (median 1.38). The detection of JWH‐018 in oral fluid requires high analytical sensitivity even 1 hour after inhalation. The pharmacokinetic properties of inhaled JWH‐018 are similar to those of THC. Times for detection are typically less than 12 hours. High variability of the oral fluid/serum ratio precludes extrapolation of oral fluid concentrations to blood.
A SNP uncoupling Mina expression from the TGFβ signaling pathway
Authors: Lian Shang L. , Mihi Belgacem , Koyanagi Madoka , Nakayama Toshinori , Bix Mark 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionMina is a JmjC family 2‐oxoglutarate oxygenase with pleiotropic roles in cell proliferation, cancer, T cell differentiation, pulmonary inflammation, and intestinal parasite expulsion. Although Mina expression varies according to cell‐type, developmental stage and activation state, its transcriptional regulation is poorly understood. Across inbred mouse strains, Mina protein level exhibits a bimodal distribution, correlating with inheritance of a biallelic haplotype block comprising 21 promoter/intron 1‐region SNPs. We previously showed that heritable differences in Mina protein level are transcriptionally regulated.MethodsAccordingly, we decided to test the hypothesis that at least one of the promoter/intron 1‐region SNPs perturbs a Mina cis‐regulatory element (CRE). Here, we have comprehensively scanned for CREs across a Mina locus‐spanning 26‐kilobase genomic interval.ResultsWe discovered 8 potential CREs and functionally validated 4 of these, the strongest of which (E2), residing in intron 1, contained a SNP whose BALB/c—but not C57Bl/6 allele—abolished both Smad3 binding and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) responsiveness.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the TGFβ signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating Mina expression and SNP rs4191790 controls heritable variation in Mina expression level, raising important questions regarding the evolution of an allele that uncouples Mina expression from the TGFβ signaling pathway.
T cells responding to Trypanosoma cruzi detected by membrane TNF‐α and CD154 in chagasic patients
Authors: Ripoll Juan G. , Giraldo Nicolás A. , Bolaños Natalia I. , Roa Nubia , Rosas Fernando , Cuéllar Adriana , Puerta Concepción J. , González John M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionChagas disease is a parasitic infection whose pathogenesis is related to parasite persistence and a dysfunctional cellular immune response. Variability in cytokine secretion among chronic Trypanosoma cruzi‐infected patients might preclude the identification of the pool of antigen specific T cells. The goal of this study was to determine the fraction of T cells responding to T. cruzi antigen measured by the expression of membrane TNF‐α and CD154.MethodsA total of 21 chagasic patients, 11 healthy and 5 non‐chagasic cardiomyopathy controls were analyzed. PBMCs were short‐term cultured in the presence of anti‐CD28, anti‐CD49d, anti‐TNF‐α, and TACE (TNF‐α converting enzyme) inhibitor either under T. cruzi‐lysate or polyclonal stimuli. Cells were stained with anti‐CD3, anti‐CD4, anti‐CD8, and anti‐CD154, and analyzed with flow cytometry.ResultsCD4+ and CD8+ T cells in chagasic patients displayed higher percentages of membrane‐bound TNF‐α+ and CD154+ compared with controls after T. cruzi‐antigen stimulation. Both markers displayed a positive correlation in the T cell subpopulations analyzed. Symptomatic chagasic patients were differentiated from asymptomatic patients based on the expression of CD154 and membrane TNF‐α in TCD4+ and TCD8+ compartments, respectively.ConclusionsThese results show that both markers could be useful for assessing the pool of antigen‐specific T cells in chronic chagasic patients.
Addressing rural and remote access disparities for patients with inflammatory arthritis through video‐conferencing and innovative inter‐professional care models
Authors: Taylor‐Gjevre Regina , Nair Bindu , Bath Brenna , Okpalauwaekwe Udoka , Sharma Meenu , Penz Erika , Trask Catherine , Stewart Samuel Alan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients followed longitudinally using video‐conferencing and inter‐professional care support have comparable disease control to those followed in traditional in‐person rheumatology clinics.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial for 85 RA patients allocated to either traditional in‐person rheumatology follow‐up or video‐conferenced follow‐up with urban‐based rheumatologists and rural in‐person physical therapist examiners. Follow‐up was every 3 months for 9 months. Outcome measures included disease activity metrics (disease activity in 28 joints with CRP measure score [DAS28‐CRP], and RA disease activity index [RADAI]), modified health assessment questionnaire (mHAQ), quality of life (EuroQOL five dimensions questionnaire [EQ5D]) and patient satisfaction (nine‐item visit‐specific satisfaction questionnaire [VSQ9]).ResultsOf 85 participants, 54 were randomized to the video‐conferencing team model and 31 to the traditional clinic (control group). Dropout rates were high, with only 31 (57%) from the video‐conferencing and 23 (74%) from the control group completing the study. The mean age for study participants was 56 years; 20% were male. Mean RA disease duration was 13.9 years. There were no significant between‐group differences in DAS28‐CRP, RADAI, mHAQ or EQ5D scores at baseline or over the study period. Satisfaction rates were high in both groups.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of a difference in effectiveness between inter‐professional video‐conferencing and traditional rheumatology clinic for both the provision of effective follow‐up care and patient satisfaction for established RA patients. High dropout rates reinforce the need for consultation with patients' needs and preferences in developing models of care. While use of video‐conferencing/telehealth technologies may be a distinct advantage for some patients, there may be loss of travel‐related auxiliary benefits for others.
New Application of Hydroxyl Groups: Ligands for High Density Metal Organic Frameworks
Authors: Su Hui , Dong Yalu , Du Yao , Zhang Pengcheng , Peng Panpan , Li Shenghua , Zhang Jichuan , Pang Siping 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEnergetic metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with energetic anions as ligands can be used as new‐generation explosives. Many powerful anions have been introduced into energetic MOFs to improve the properties; however, the hydroxyl as a common group for energetic MOFs has rarely been studied. In this article, we present two examples of energetic MOFs ([Cu(atz)(NO3)(OH)]n) and [Zn(ata)(OH)] (atz=4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole; ata=5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazole) with the hydroxyl group as the ligand. Crystal structure analyses reveal that the two compounds possess compact two‐dimensional (2‐D) structures with densities up to 2.41 g cm−3 and 2.54 g cm−3, respectively. These two compounds have excellent physicochemical properties. The results demonstrate that a hydroxyl group as the ligands could commendably increase the densities of energetic MOFs, thereby enhancing the detonation performance. It is anticipated this work will open a new direction for the development of energetic MOFs.
Data mining and machine learning in textile industry
Authors: Yildirim Pelin , Birant Derya , Alpyildiz Tuba 
Published: October 2017

Data mining has been proven useful for knowledge discovery in many areas, ranging from marketing to medical and from banking to education. This study focuses on data mining and machine learning in textile industry as applying them to textile data is considered an emerging interdisciplinary research field. Thus, data mining studies, including classification and clustering techniques and machine learning algorithms, implemented in textile industry were presented and explained in detail in this study to provide an overview of how clustering and classification techniques can be applied in the textile industry to deal with different problems where traditional methods are not useful. This article clearly shows that a classification technique has higher interest than a clustering technique in the textile industry. It also shows that the most commonly applied classification methods are artificial neural networks and support vector machines, and they generally provide high accuracy rates in the textile applications. For the clustering task of data mining, a K‐means algorithm was generally implemented in textile studies among the others that were investigated in this article. We conclude with some remarks on the strength of the data mining techniques for textile industry, ways to overcome certain challenges, and offer some possible further research directions. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2018, 8:e1228. doi: 10.1002/widm.1228This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Business and Industry
Application Areas > Industry Specific Applications
Application Areas > Science and Technology