bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical vs. horizontal transmission of the microbiome in a key disease vector, Ixodes pacificus
Authors: Kwan Jessica Y. , Griggs Reid , Chicana Betsabel , Miller Caitlin , Swei Andrea 
Published: November 2017

AbstractVector‐borne pathogens are increasingly found to interact with the vector's microbiome, influencing disease transmission dynamics. However, the processes that regulate the formation and development of the microbiome are largely unexplored for most tick species, an emerging group of disease vectors. It is not known how much of the tick microbiome is acquired through vertical transmission vs. horizontally from the environment or interactions with bloodmeal sources. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, we examined the microbiome of Ixodes pacificus, the vector of Lyme disease in the western USA, across life stages and infection status. We also characterized microbiome diversity in field and laboratory‐collected nymphal ticks to determine how the surrounding environment affects microbiome diversity. We found a decrease in both species richness and evenness as the tick matures from larva to adult. When the dominant Rickettsial endosymbiont was computationally removed from the tick microbial community, we found that infected nymphs had lower species evenness than uninfected ticks, suggesting that lower microbiome diversity is associated with pathogen transmission in wild‐type ticks. Furthermore, laboratory‐reared nymph microbiome diversity was found to be compositionally distinct and significantly depauperate relative to field‐collected nymphs. These results highlight unique patterns in the microbial community of I. pacificus that is distinct from other tick species. We provide strong evidence that ticks acquire a significant portion of their microbiome through exposure to their environment despite a loss of overall diversity through life stages. We provide evidence that loss of microbial diversity is at least in part due to elimination of microbial diversity with bloodmeal feeding but other factors may also play a role.
An ANMS‐NASPGHAN consensus document on esophageal and antroduodenal manometry in children
Authors: Rosen R. , Garza J. M. , Tipnis N. , Nurko S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundUpper gastrointestinal symptoms in children are common and motility disorders are considered in the differential diagnosis. High resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) has revolutionized the study of esophageal physiology, and the addition of impedance has provided new insights into esophageal function. Antroduodenal motility has provided insight into gastric and small bowel function.PurposeThis review highlights some of the recent advances in pediatric esophageal and antroduodenal motility testing including indications, preparation, performance, and interpretation of the tests. This update is the second part of a two part series on manometry studies in children (first part was on anorectal and colonic manometry [Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016;29:e12944]), and has been endorsed by the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) and the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society (ANMS).
A network of jasmonate‐responsive bHLH factors modulate monoterpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus
Authors: Patra Barunava , Pattanaik Sitakanta , Schluttenhofer Craig , Yuan Ling 
Published: November 2017

Summary

The pharmaceutically valuable monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) in Catharanthus roseus are derived from the indole and iridoid pathways that respond to jasmonate (JA) signaling.

Two classes of JA‐responsive bHLH transcription factor (TF), CrMYC2 and BIS1/BIS2, are known to regulate the indole and iridoid pathways, respectively. However, upregulation of either one of the TF genes does not lead to increased MIA accumulation. Moreover, little is known about the interconnection between the CrMYC2 and BIS transcriptional cascades and the hierarchical position of BIS1/BIS2 in JA signaling.

Here, we report that a newly identified bHLH factor, Repressor of MYC2 Targets 1 (RMT1), is activated by CrMYC2 and BIS1, and acts as a repressor of the CrMYC2 targets. In addition, we isolated and functionally characterized the core C. roseus JA signaling components, including CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) and JASMONATE ZIM domain (JAZ) proteins. CrMYC2 and BIS1 are repressed by the JAZ proteins in the absence of JA, but de‐repressed by the SCFCOI1 complex on perception of JA.

Our findings suggest that the repressors, JAZs and RMT1, mediate crosstalk between the CrMYC2 and BIS regulatory cascades to balance the metabolic flux in MIA biosynthesis.
Contrasting responses of crop legumes and cereals to nitrogen availability
Authors: Adams Mark A. , Buckley Thomas N. , Salter William T. , Buchmann Nina , Blessing Carola H. , Turnbull Tarryn L. 
Published: November 2017

Summary

In nonagricultural systems, the relationship between intrinsic water‐use efficiency (WUEi) and leaf nitrogen (Narea) is known to be stronger for legumes than for nonlegumes. We tested whether these relationships are retained for major agricultural legumes and nonlegumes.

We compared the response to N nutrition of WUEi (and its component parts, photosynthesis (Asat) and stomatal conductance (gs)) for legumes Cicer arietinum, Glycine max, Lupinus alba and Vicia faba, nonlegume dicots Brassica napus and Helianthus annus, and nonlegume cereals Hordeum vulgare and Triticum aestivum.

Surprisingly, and in contrast to studied cereals and nonlegume dicots, Narea was positively related to photosynthesis in the legumes, explaining nearly half of the variance in Asat. WUEi was tightly coupled to Narea for agricultural legumes and nonlegume dicots, but not for cereal crops. Our analysis suggests that breeding efforts to reduce gs in legumes could increase WUEi by 120–218% while maintaining Asat at nonlegume values.

Physiologically informed breeding of legumes can enhance sustainable agriculture by reducing requirements for water and N.
The late Neogene rodent succession of the Guadix–Baza Basin (south‐eastern Spain) and its magnetostratigraphic correlation
Authors: Piñero Pedro , Agustí Jordi , Oms Oriol 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this paper a magnetostratigraphically calibrated biozonation of the Miocene–Pliocene continental record of the Guadix–Baza Basin (south‐eastern Spain) is presented. This biozonation is based on a rodent succession which ranges from the latest Miocene (c. 6 Ma) to the latest Pliocene (c. 2.6 Ma). A total of nine biozones have been defined for the late Miocene and Pliocene, all of them based on the range or concurrent‐range of rodent species: Apodemus gudrunae – Apocricetus alberti Zone, Apocricetus barrierei Zone, Paraethomys aff. abaigari Zone, Trilophomys Zone, Mimomys davakosi Zone, Dolomys adroveri Zone, Mimomys hassiacus Zone, Mimomys polonicus Zone and Kislangia ischus Zone. A magnetobiostratigraphical correlation has been established between these biozones and the standard ATNTS scale, on the basis of the palaeomagnetic analysis carried out on the sections of Negratín, Botardo‐1 and Gorafe. The correlation has been completed with previous palaeomagnetic analysis in the sections of Galera and Zújar. The magnetobiostratigraphical correlation here established indicates a late Messinian age for the Apodemus gudrunae – Apocricetus alberti Zone, a Zanclean age for the Apocricetus barrierei, Paraethomys aff. abaigari, Trilophomys and Mimomys davakosi zones and a Piazencian age for the Mimomys hassiacus, Mimomys polonicus and Kislangia ischus zones. The Dolomys adroveri Zone is mostly Zanclean in age, but its uppermost part belongs to the Piazencian. Therefore, unit MN13 is correlated with the late Messinian, MN14 is correlated with the early Zanclean, most of MN15 is correlated with the late Zanclean, while the uppermost part of MN15 and MN16 are correlated with the Piazencian.
Serum IgA/C3 and glomerular C3 staining predict severity of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Kawasaki Yukihiko , Maeda Ryo , Ohara Shinichiro , Suyama Kazuhide , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine whether serum immunoglobulin A/complement factor 3 (IgA/C3) ratio and glomerular C3 staining predict outcome in IgA nephropathy.MethodsWe collected data for 44 IgA nephropathy children treated with multi‐drug combination therapy. The children were retrospectively divided into four groups based on serum IgA/C3 ratio and glomerular C3 staining: group A, IgA/C3 ratio >2.68 (median) and glomerular C3 staining ≥2.0, n = 9; group B, IgA/C3 ratio >2.68 and glomerular C3 staining <2.0, n = 7; group C, IgA/C3 ratio <2.68 and glomerular C3 staining ≥2.0, n = 7; and group D, IgA/C3 ratio <2.68 and glomerular C3 staining <2.0, n = 21. Clinical features; pathology at the first and second renal biopsy and at the latest follow up; and prognosis were analyzed for the four groups.ResultsAt the most recent follow up, urinary protein excretion, incidence of hematuria, and serum creatinine in group A were all higher than in group D. At the second biopsy, crescent absence/presence ratio; mesangial hypercellularity, segmental glomerulosclerosis or adhesion, endocapillary hypercellularity, and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis as well as crescents and global glomerulosclerosis (MESTCG) score; and clonicity index in group A were higher than in group D. All patients in group D had normal urine, and the prevalence of persistent nephropathy in group A was higher than in group D.ConclusionsSerum IgA/C3 ratio and glomerular C3 staining can predict outcome in IgA nephropathy.
Prognostic markers in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Left ventricular diameter and pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Karpuz Derya , Giray Dilek , Celik Yalcin , Hallioglu Olgu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the outcome of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in newborns can be predicted using left ventricular (LV) diameter and estimated pulmonary artery pressure.MethodsPatients in the newborn unit in 2012–2016 were screened retrospectively. Echocardiographic measurements of 35 patients with isolated left lateral CDH and 27 healthy newborns were compared in the first 24 h of life.ResultsMean LV end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and end‐systolic diameter (LVESD), and LV ejection fraction were significantly lower in the CDH group. Moreover, tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and pulmonary regurgitation (PR) were significantly higher than in the controls (P < 0.001). Six CDH patients died within the next 40 days after birth. Mean LVEDD and LVESD were significantly lower in the CHD patients who died compared with those who were discharged (P < 0.001, P = 0.016). Also, mean TR and PR (P < 0.001) and the frequency of pulmonary hypertension (PH; P = 0.001) were significantly higher in these patients. On receiver operating characteristic analysis of the CDH non‐survivors, LVEDD < 11 mm (sensitivity, 100%; 95%CI: 87.9–100; specificity, 100%; 95%CI: 54.1–100) and TR > 3.5 m/s (sensitivity, 89.66%; 95%CI: 72.6–97.7; specificity, 100%; 95%CI: 54.1–100) were associated with poor prognosis.ConclusionsDecrease in LVEDD and presence of PH are associated with poor prognosis. Also, PH was associated with mortality in CDH patients. Thus, outcome may be predicted on careful echocardiographic evaluation of the LV diameters and pulmonary pressure.
Health education needs of intimate partner violence survivors: Perspectives from female survivors and social service providers
Authors: Ferranti Dina , Lorenzo Dalia , Munoz‐Rojas Derby , Gonzalez‐Guarda Rosa M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the health education needs and learning preferences of female intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors in a social service agency located in South Florida, United States.Design and SampleAn exploratory two‐phase sequential mixed‐methods study was completed through semistructured interviews with social service providers (n = 10), followed by a survey with predominately female IPV survivors (n = 122, 98.4%).MeasuresData obtained from interviews with social service providers were analyzed through conventional thematic content analysis. Data from interviews were used in developing a health survey completed by IPV survivors and analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests and t tests.ResultsThree themes emerged from interviews including multidimensional health needs, navigating barriers to health care, and self‐improvement specific to survivors of intimate partner violence. Survey results indicated that depression and self‐esteem were the health education needs of highest priority. Demographic characteristics, including age and language use, were significantly associated to preferred methods of learning, p < .05.ConclusionsIPV survivors present with various health education needs. Current study findings can inform public health nurses in developing interventions or health‐based programs for female IPV survivors in social service agency settings.
Diagnostic utility of surgical lung biopsies in elderly patients with indeterminate interstitial lung disease
Authors: Vaszar Laszlo T. , Larsen Brandon T. , Swanson Karen L. , Ryu Jay H. , Tazelaar Henry D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground and objectiveIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is increasingly diagnosed by clinical and computed tomography (CT) criteria; however, surgical lung biopsy (SLB) may still be required in patients who lack definite CT features of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). We reviewed a cohort of elderly patients who underwent SLB, to evaluate the benefit of SLB in diagnosing idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP).MethodsWe searched the pathology records of Mayo Clinic for ambulatory patients at least 75 years old, who underwent SLB between 2000 and 2012 for indeterminate IIP. Histologic slides were reviewed and clinical data were extracted from the record.ResultsA total of 55 patients (35 male) were enrolled. Median (interquartile range) age was 77 (76–80) years. Forced vital capacity was 70 (61–76)% and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide was 48 (42–54)% of predicted. In total, 37 (67%) patients had IPF, including 61% of those with HRCT findings inconsistent with UIP. Thirty‐day mortality was 10% and 90‐day mortality was 15%.ConclusionThe high mortality rate of SLB complicates the risk–benefit analysis in elderly patients with IIP. The expected value of the SLB is probably highest when the HRCT features are inconsistent with UIP, due to the frequent (39%) retrieval of patterns other than UIP.
No indication of increased infection rates using low‐dose alemtuzumab instead of anti‐thymocyte globulin as graft‐versus‐host disease prophylaxis before allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Neumann Thomas , Schneidewind Laila , Thiele Thomas , Pink Daniel , Schulze Meike , Schmidt Christian , Krüger William 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlemtuzumab as part of the conditioning protocol is effective in reducing graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD), but may be associated with increased infection rates, especially when using high doses (ie, 100 mg).MethodsWe performed a retrospective, single‐center, case‐control study analyzing the rates of neutropenic fever, cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) reactivation, clinical manifest toxoplasmosis, and clinical manifest human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV6) infection using low‐dose alemtuzumab in comparison with anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) as GvHD prophylaxis before allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Forty‐four patients transplanted from unrelated donors between 2001 and 2012 were matched by age, diagnosis, and conditioning regimen and treated either with alemtuzumab 10 mg at day −2 (respectively, 20 mg in case of mismatch transplantation) or ATG. ATG Fresenius (10 mg/kg for 3 days) or Thymoglobulin (2 mg/kg for 3 days) were used.ResultsRates of CMV reactivation, EBV reactivation, and clinical manifest HHV6 infection or toxoplasmosis did not differ significantly between both groups until 2 years after transplantation. No case of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder was observed. Also, rates of neutropenic fever during inpatient treatment after transplantation did not differ significantly in both groups.ConclusionWe saw no indication of increased infections rates when using low‐dose alemtuzumab as GvHD prophylaxis before allogeneic stem cell transplantation in this retrospective analysis.
Successful treatment of thrombotic microangiopathy associated with dengue infection: A case report and literature review
Authors: Nieto‐Ríos John Fredy , Álvarez Barreneche María Fernanda , Penagos Sara Catalina , Bello Márquez Diana Carolina , Serna‐Higuita Lina Maria , Ramírez Sánchez Isabel Cristina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDengue infection has been associated with multiple renal complications, including glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), this last one being a rare complication of dengue, with only a few reported cases. TMA associated with dengue can be explained by an alteration in the activity of the enzyme ADAMTS13, leading to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; or it can be secondary to direct or indirect endothelial injury by the virus, which leads to hemolytic uremic syndrome. Here, we present a case of severe TMA, not related to ADAMTS13, which was clearly associated with dengue infection.
Status of tuberculosis‐related stigma and associated factors: a cross‐sectional study in central China
Authors: Yin Xiaoxv , Yan Shijiao , Tong Yeqing , Peng Xin , Yang Tingting , Lu Zuxun , Gong Yanhong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesTuberculosis (TB) poses a significant challenge to public health worldwide. Stigma is a major obstacle to TB control by leading to delay in diagnosis and treatment non‐adherence. This study aimed to evaluate the status of TB‐related stigma and its associated factors among TB patients in China.MethodsCross‐sectional survey. Thus, 1342 TB patients were recruited from TB dispensaries in three counties in Hubei Province using a multistage sampling method and surveyed using a structured anonymous questionnaire including validated scales to measure TB‐related stigma. A generalised linear regression model was used to identify the factors associated with TB‐related stigma.ResultsThe average score on the TB‐related Stigma Scale was 9.33 (SD = 4.25). Generalised linear regression analysis revealed that knowledge about TB (ß = −0.18, P = 0.0025), family function (ß = −0.29, P < 0.0001) and doctor–patient communication (ß = −0.32, P = 0.0005) were negatively associated with TB‐related stigma.ConclusionsTB‐related stigma was high among TB patients in China. Interventions concentrating on reducing TB patients’ stigma in China should focus on improving patients’ family function and patients’ knowledge about TB.
Cargo crowding at actin‐rich regions along axons causes local traffic jams
Authors: Sood Parul , Murthy Kausalya , Kumar Vinod , Nonet Michael L. , Menon Gautam I. , Koushika Sandhya P. 
Published: November 2017

Steady axonal cargo flow is central to the functioning of healthy neurons. However, a substantial fraction of cargo in axons remains stationary up to several minutes. We examine the transport of precursors of synaptic vesicles (pre‐SVs), endosomes and mitochondria in Caenorhabditis elegans touch receptor neurons, showing that stationary cargo are predominantly present at actin‐rich regions along the neuronal process. Stationary vesicles at actin‐rich regions increase the propensity of moving vesicles to stall at the same location, resulting in traffic jams arising from physical crowding. Such local traffic jams at actin‐rich regions are likely to be a general feature of axonal transport since they also occur in Drosophila neurons. Repeated touch stimulation of C. elegans reduces the density of stationary pre‐SVs, indicating that these traffic jams can act as both sources and sinks of vesicles. This suggests that vesicles trapped in actin‐rich regions are functional reservoirs that may contribute to maintaining robust cargo flow in the neuron.A video abstract of this article can be found at: Video S1; Video S2
Optimization of a full‐scale site to achieve total nitrogen removal through implementation of a denitrification‐submerged anoxic filter
Authors: Manzano I. , Dias J. S. , Cannon J. , Soares A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA full‐scale wastewater treatment plant with a 5500 population equivalent was retrofitted with a pre‐denitrification‐submerged anoxic filter (SAnoF) in order to achieve new total nitrogen (TN) consent of 35 mg/L. A 36 m3 SAnoF was installed downstream the primary settling tanks. The optimal operation of the anoxic SAnoF was investigated by varying the recirculation ratio, the carbon‐to‐nitrate ratio, and the hydraulic retention time. After stable operation was achieved, nitrate was removed by 80% at a loading of 0.5 kg NO3/m3 day and a retention time of 60 min. The SAnoF presented a number of advantages, including the use of internal carbon for denitrification, decrease of carbon load to the trickling filter by 30%, and production of alkalinity required for nitrification in the trickling filter (11 mg CaCO3/mg NH4 removed). Overall, the SAnoF was satisfactory and the effluent TN concentration reached 20–25 mg TN/L.
An Improved Methodology to Design Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plant
Authors: Durusu Ali , Erduman Ali 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A secure and reliable supply of energy is important for economic stability and even in social life. Increasing human population, industrialization, and rising living standards lead to increased electrical energy demand. Uncertainties in oil prices, shortage of fossil fuel reserves, and environmental pollution from conventional fuels leads solar energy as an alternative resource for electricity production. The share of installed photovoltaic (PV) capacity as a percent of total installed power generating capacity is increasing every year. In this study, an improved methodology to design large-scale PV power plant is proposed. The proposed methodology is performed for designing optimal configurations of PV power plants. The design methodology is performed using commercially available PV modules and inverters. In addition, solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed, shadow effect, and location and shape of plant field are taken into consideration as input parameters. The alternatives and parameters are evaluated with the purpose of minimizing the levelized cost of generated electricity (LCOE). The methodology includes the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) for determining the optimal number of PV modules and inverters, optimum tilt angle of PV modules, required installation area for the plant and optimum cable cross section and lengths. In the paper, the methodology is implemented, and case studies and results using pvsyst software for the same case studies are compared with each other.