bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of Morphan Derivatives by Nitroso–Ene Cyclization: Mechanistic Insight and Total Synthesis of (±)‐Kopsone
Authors: Zhai Li , Tian Xuechao , Wang Chao , Cui Qi , Li Wenhua , Huang Sha‐Hua , Yu Zhi‐Xiang , Hong Ran 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA type II nitroso–ene cyclization was developed for the construction of morphan derivatives with good functional‐group tolerance. DFT calculations revealed that the nitroso–ene reaction proceeds in a stepwise manner involving diradical or zwitterionic intermediates. The rate‐determining step is C−N bond formation, followed by a rapid hydrogen‐transfer step with a chair‐conformation transition state. The current approach was also successfully applied in the first total synthesis of (±)‐kopsone, a highly strained yet simple morphan‐type alkaloid isolated from Kopsia macrophylla.
Regularity of the Level Set Flow
Authors: Colding Tobias Holck , Minicozzi William P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe showed earlier that the level set function of a monotonic advancing front is twice differentiable everywhere with bounded second derivative and satisfies the equation classically. We show here that the second derivative is continuous if and only if the flow has a single singular time where it becomes extinct and the singular set consists of a closed C1 manifold with cylindrical singularities. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The multigenerational effects of water contamination and endocrine disrupting chemicals on the fitness of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Quesada‐Calderón Suany , Bacigalupe Leonardo Daniel , Toro‐Vélez Andrés Fernando , Madera‐Parra Carlos Arturo , Peña‐Varón Miguel Ricardo , Cárdenas‐Henao Heiber 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWater pollution due to human activities produces sedimentation, excessive nutrients, and toxic chemicals, and this, in turn, has an effect on the normal endocrine functioning of living beings. Overall, water pollution may affect some components of the fitness of organisms (e.g., developmental time and fertility). Some toxic compounds found in polluted waters are known as endocrine disruptors (ED), and among these are nonhalogenated phenolic chemicals such as bisphenol A and nonylphenol. To evaluate the effect of nonhalogenated phenolic chemicals on the endocrine system, we subjected two generations (F0 and F1) of Drosophila melanogaster to different concentrations of ED. Specifically, treatments involved wastewater, which had the highest level of ED (bisphenol A and nonylphenol) and treated wastewater from a constructed Heliconia psittacorum wetland with horizontal subsurface water flow (He); the treated wastewater was the treatment with the lowest level of ED. We evaluated the development time from egg to pupa and from pupa to adult as well as fertility. The results show that for individuals exposed to treated wastewater, the developmental time from egg to pupae was shorter in individuals of the F1 generation than in the F0 generation. Additionally, the time from pupae to adult was longer for flies growing in the H. psittacorum treated wastewater. Furthermore, fertility was lower in the F1 generation than in the F0 generation. Although different concentrations of bisphenol A and nonylphenol had no significant effect on the components of fitness of D. melanogaster (developmental time and fertility), there was a trend across generations, likely as a result of selection imposed on the flies. It is possible that the flies developed different strategies to avoid the effects of the various environmental stressors.
Seed production and predation in a changing climate: new roles for resource and seed predator feedback?
Authors: Solbreck Christer , Knape Jonas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractClimate change may cause changes in the dynamics of populations beyond comparatively simple directional effects. To better understand complex effects on dynamics requires long‐term studies of populations that experience changes in climatic conditions. We study the dynamics of a seed‐production–seed‐predation system, consisting of a perennial herb and its two seed predatory insects, over a 40‐yr period during which climate change has caused the annual growing season to increase by 20 d. During this period, plant patches have increased almost threefold in size and seed production has slipped into a pattern of alternate high and low years with a higher variance than in the beginning of the period. We find that seed production is associated with precipitation of the present summer and a non‐linear feedback from seed production of the previous year. When previous year's seed production is low, weather forcing and unexplained noise determine the extent of seed production. When previous seed production is high, depleted resources limit seed production. Resource depletion happened frequently in the latter parts of the study but rarely in the beginning. The changing patterns of seed production in turn affect the dynamics of seed predation, which is dominated by one of the seed predators. Its dynamics are strongly linked to seed density fluctuations, but its population growth rate is satiated when resource fluctuations become too large. In the latter part of the study period, when seed fluctuations were alternating between years of high and low density, satiation was common and there was a large increase in surviving seeds in good years. Our study illustrates that a changing climate can fundamentally influence patterns of long‐term dynamics at multiple trophic levels.
CO2 mineral trapping: Hydrothermal experimental assessments on the thermodynamic stability of dawsonite at 4.3 Mpa pCO2 and elevated temperatures
Authors: Li Fulai , Cao Yingchang , Li Wenshuai , Zhang Liqiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFocused on the effects of temperature on the thermodynamic stability of dawsonite, a water‐rock‐CO2 interaction system was established. Water‐rock experiments were conducted at different temperatures (80, 100, 120, 140, 160°C). Considering the evolution of the fluid in equilibrium with dawsonite and alteration of dawsonite by fluids, we discuss the critical temperature at which dawsonite can remain stable. The experimental data suggested that dissolution of dawsonite is common at 120°C and that the carboaluminate chains in the crystal break off, Na+ separates from the crystal lattice, and dawsonite begins to transform into boehmite. At 140°C, dawsonite dissolves dramatically, and the interior of the carboaluminate chains break off, CO32− separates from the crystal lattice, and dawsonite further transforms into boehmite. At 160°C, only Al‐O and O‐H bonds are retained in the dawsonite crystal and dawsonite completely converts to boehmite. The thermodynamic simulations determined that at temperature >120°C, dawsonite tends to dissolve. The effect of temperature on dawsonite indicates that the critical value at which dawsonite can remain stable is 120°C. Dawsonite is stable at temperatures <120°C; at temperatures ≥120°C, the stability of dawsonite decreases and it converts to boehmite. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Sexuality in Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID): A Cross-Sectional Internet-Based Survey Study
Authors: Blom Rianne M. , van der Wal Sija J. , Vulink Nienke C. , Denys Damiaan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Body integrity identity disorder (BIID)—a strong desire for amputation or paralysis—is often accompanied by feelings and cognitions of sexual arousal, although this sexual component has been largely neglected in the recent literature.

Aim
To examine the presence of BIID-related sexual arousal in subjects with BIID and explore clinical and demographic variables of subjects with BIID who do and do not possess this sexual arousal.

Methods
Eighty individuals with BIID responded to an internet-based survey we created. For all subjects, restoring identity was the primary motivation for preferred body modification. We collected data about respondents' demographic, clinical, and sexual characteristics. Based on responses to questions about BIID-specific sexual desires, subjects were assigned to the group with BIID-related sexual feelings (S-BIID; n = 57) or the group without such feelings (NS-BIID; n = 23).

Outcomes
Differences in clinical, demographic, and sexual characteristics between S-BIID and NS-BIID groups.

Results
Of the respondents, 71.3% endorsed S-BIID. Subjects with S-BIID were significantly more often men, religious, and of a homosexual identity compared with the NS-BIID group. Subjects with S-BIID also significantly more often reported a change in localization and/or intensity of their BIID feelings over time. Furthermore, 66.7% of subjects with S-BIID reported S-BIID as an additional motivation for body modification. Seven of the 57 subjects with S-BIID achieved their preferred body modification through (self)-amputation, whereas none of the subjects with NS-BIID did.

Clinical Implications
BIID is a heterogeneous disorder in which subjects who self-reported comorbid sexual arousal more often resorted to (self-induced) amputation.

Strengths and Limitations
This study contains the largest BIID cohort presented in the literature and is the first to genuinely research sexuality in BIID. The first limitation is the lack of face-to-face interviews with the subjects, so no clinical diagnoses could be made. Moreover, there is an ascertainment bias because subjects were collected through the internet and in English, which excluded those who spoke other languages or subjects without an internet connection.

Conclusion
The present study provides preliminary evidence for a subpopulation or distinct group of individuals with BIID based on the presence of S-BIID.
Corporate social responsibility and the wealth gains from dividend increases
Authors: Glegg Charmaine , Harris Oneil , Ngo Thanh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study examines whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) influences the stock price response to dividend increase announcements and changes in subsequent operating performance. We find that dividend increasing firms with lower CSR scores elicit higher abnormal announcement returns and greater improvements in industry‐adjusted operating performance. These findings support the argument in the literature that socially responsible firms are more transparent and commit to higher ethical standards than other firms, suggesting that they suffer fewer agency and informational problems (Kim, Park, & Wier, 2012). Consequently, larger dividend payouts reduce agency costs in firms with lower CSR commitments, thereby generating higher wealth gains for shareholders.
A traumatic tale of two cities: a comparison of outcomes for adults with major trauma who present to differing trauma centres in neighbouring Canadian provinces
Authors: Hayre Jefferson , Rouse Colin , French James , Fraser Jacqueline , Watson Ian , Benjamin Sue , Chisholm Allison , Stoica George , Sealy Beth , Erdogan Mete , Green Robert , Atkinson Paul 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesWhile the use of formal trauma teams is widely promoted, the literature is not clear that this structure provides improved outcomes over emergency physician delivered trauma care. The goal of this investigation was to examine if a trauma team model with a formalized, specialty-based trauma team, with specific activation criteria and staff composition, performs differently than an emergency physician delivered model. Our primary outcome was survival to discharge or 30 days.MethodsAn observational registry-based study using aggregate data from both the New Brunswick and Nova Scotia trauma registries was performed with data from April 1, 2011 to March 31, 2013. Inclusion criteria included patients 16 years-old and older who had an Injury Severity Score greater than 12, who suffered a kinetic injury and arrived with signs of life to a level-1 trauma centre.Results266 patients from the trauma team model and 111 from the emergency physician model were compared. No difference was found in the primary outcome of proportion of survival to discharge or 30 days between the two systems (0.88, n=266 vs. 0.89, n=111; p=0.8608).ConclusionsWe were unable to detect any difference in survival between a trauma team and an emergency physician delivered model.
ASSESSING LIVESTOCK WATER PRODUCTIVITY IN MIXED FARMING SYSTEMS OF GUMARA WATERSHED, ETHIOPIA
Authors: ALEMAYEHU MENGISTU , AMEDE TILAHUN , PEDEN DON , KUMSA TESFAYE , BÖHME MICHAEL H. , PETERS KURT J. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYA monitoring study was carried out in Gumara watershed, upper Blue Nile basin, with the objective of evaluating livestock water productivity (LWP) using a life cycle assessment method. Sixty two smallholder farmers were selected for the study implemented between November 2006 and February 2008. Data on crop and livestock production were collected to allow assessment of livestock water productivity. Study sites were situated in three different rainfed mixed crop/livestock farming systems; barley/potato based system (BPS), tef/finger-millet based system (TMS), and rice/noug based system (RNS). LWP was found to be significantly lower (p < 0.01) in RNS (0.057 USD m−3 water) than in TMS (0.066 USD m−3 water) or in BPS (0.066 USD m−3 water). Notably, water requirement per kg live weight of cattle increased towards the lower altitude area (in RNS) mainly because of increased evapo-transpiration. As a result, 20% more water was required per kg live weight of cattle in the low ground RNS compared to BPS situated in the upstream parts of the study area. Cattle herd management that involved early offtake increased LWP by 28% over the practice of late offtake. Crop water productivity expressed in monetary units (0.39 USD m−3 water) was higher than LWP (0.063 USD m−3 water) across the mixed farming systems of Gumara watershed. Strategies for improving LWP, from its present low level, could include keeping only the more productive animals, increasing pasture productivity and linking production to marketing. These strategies would also ease the imbalance between the existing high livestock population and the declining carrying capacity of natural pasture.
Geoxylic suffrutices of African savannas: short but remarkably similar to trees
Authors: Meerts Pierre 
Published: July 2017

Abstract:In southern African savannas, geoxylic suffrutices or ‘underground trees’ attain only a hundredth to a tenth the height of normal trees, but other traits have received little attention. Geoxylic suffrutices and congeneric trees were compared for minimum and maximum values of seven morphological traits. Thirty-six geoxyle-tree pairs co-occurring in Katanga (Democratic Republic of the Congo) were compared, based on data from standard floras. The tree/geoxyle ratio ranged from 0.92 to 1.67 and was greater than 1 in 12 of 14 trait comparisons. However, the difference was significant in only five comparisons. Reproductive traits generally did not differ. The maximal value of leaf traits (lamina length, lamina width, petiole length) was 33–67% greater in trees. The morphological traits of geoxyles are not much altered compared with their tree counterparts, especially for reproductive traits. For vegetative traits, geoxyles express a restricted part of the phenetic space of trees, being unable to attain trait values as high as those of their tree congeners. However, unlike bonsais or alpine dwarfs, the leaves of geoxyles are not much smaller compared with normal trees.
Explaining use of food parenting practices: the importance of predisposing factors and parental cognitions
Authors: Gevers Dorus WM , van Assema Patricia , de Vries Nanne K , Kremers Stef PJ 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe high energy intake from energy-dense foods among children in developed countries is undesirable. Improving food parenting practices has the potential to lower snack intakes among children. To inform the development of interventions, we aimed to predict food parenting practice patterns around snacking (i.e. ‘high covert control and rewarding’, ‘low covert control and non-rewarding’, ‘high involvement and supportive’ and ‘low involvement and indulgent’).DesignA cross-sectional survey was conducted. To predict the patterns of food parenting practices, multinomial logistic regression analyses were run with 888 parents. Predictors included predisposing factors (i.e. parents’ and children’s demographics and BMI, parents’ personality, general parenting, and parenting practices used by their own parents) and parents’ cognitions (i.e. perceived behaviour of other parents, subjective norms, attitudes, self-efficacy and outcome expectations).SettingThe Netherlands (October–November 2014).SubjectsDutch parents of children aged 4–12 years old.ResultsAfter backward elimination, nineteen factors had a statistically significant contribution to the model (Nagelkerke R2=0·63). Overall, self-efficacy and outcome expectations were among the strongest explanatory factors. Considering the predisposing factors only, the general parenting factor nurturance most strongly predicted the food parenting clusters. Nurturance particularly distinguished highly involved parents from parents employing a pattern of low involvement.ConclusionsParental cognitions and nurturance are important factors to explain the use of food parenting practices around snacking. The results suggest that intervention developers should attempt to increase self-efficacy and educate parents about what constitute effective and ineffective parenting practices. Promoting nurturance might be a prerequisite to achieve prolonged change.
Daytime Acute Non-Visual Alerting Response in Brain Activity Occurs as a Result of Short- and Long-Wavelengths of Light
Authors: Łaszewska Kamila , Goroncy Agnieszka , Weber Piotr , Pracki Tadeusz , Tafil-Klawe Małgorzata , Pracka Daria , Złomańczuk Piotr 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Very recent preliminary findings concerning the alerting capacities of light stimulus with long-wavelengths suggest the existence of neural pathways other than melatonin suppression that trigger the nonvisual response. Though the nonvisual effects of light during the daytime have not been investigated thoroughly, they are definitely worth investigating. The purpose of the present study is to enrich existing evidence by describing how quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) signal analysis can give insight into the measurement of the acute nonvisual response observed in brain states generated during daytime exposure to light (when melatonin secretion is negligible). EEG changes were assessed in 19 subjects during the daytime while being exposed to both short- (blue, 72 μW/cm2) and long-wavelength (red, 18 μW/cm2) radiation. We showed that artificial light stimulus as low as 40 lux decreases the synchronization in the upper theta, lower alpha, and upper alpha EEG activity spectrum. The direction of change was consistent with an increased level of alertness. We can conclude that EEG analysis is an indicator of the acute nonvisual response to daytime light. Surprisingly, the response was more spread over the scalp during exposure to red light than to blue light. According to our study, the response to long-wavelength stimulus that inhibits sleepiness, thereby inducing alertness, also takes place at the bright part of the 24-hr day when human beings are naturally predisposed to be exposed to a high level of sunlight: between 12 and 4 PM. The absorption spectrum of the nonvisual system seems to have different characteristics than was previously suspected: it is not dominated by the short-wavelengths, but involves long-wavelengths. Since we observed the predominance of the red-light alerting effect over the blue-light in this experiment, we conclude that more than one mechanism, beyond the melatonin pathway, must be involved.
An autocrine inflammatory forward-feedback loop after chemotherapy withdrawal facilitates the repopulation of drug-resistant breast cancer cells
Authors: Jia Deyong , Li Li , Andrew Sulaiman , Allan David , Li Xuguang , Lee Jonathan , Ji Guang , Yao Zemin , Gadde Suresh , Figeys Danial , Wang Lisheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStromal cells, infiltrating immune cells, paracrine factors and extracellular matrix have been extensively studied in cancers. However, autocrine factors produced by tumor cells and communications between autocrine factors and intracellular signaling pathways in the development of drug resistance, cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and tumorigenesis have not been well investigated, and the precise mechanism and tangible approaches remain elusive. Here we reveal a new mechanism by which cytokines produced by breast cancer cells after chemotherapy withdrawal activate both Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways, which in turn further promote breast cancer cells to produce and secrete cytokines, forming an autocrine inflammatory forward-feedback loop to facilitate the enrichment of drug-resistant breast cancer cells and/or CSCs. Such an unexpected autocrine forward-feedback loop and CSC enrichment can be effectively blocked by inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling. It can also be diminished by IL8-neutralizing antibody or blockade of IL8 receptors CXCR1/2 with reparixin. Administration of reparixin after chemotherapy withdrawal effectively attenuates tumor masses in a human xenograft model and abolishes paclitaxel-enriched CSCs in the secondary transplantation. These results are partially supported by the latest clinical data set. Breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapeutic drugs exhibited poor survival rate (66.7 vs 282.8 months, P=0.00071) and shorter disease-free survival time if their tumor samples expressed high level of IL8, CXCR1, CXCR2 genes and Wnt target genes. Taken together, this study provides new insights into the communication between autocrine niches and signaling pathways in the development of chemotherapy resistance and CSCs; it also offers a tangible approach in breast cancer treatment.
Spin diffusion from an inhomogeneous quench in an integrable system
Authors: Ljubotina Marko , Žnidarič Marko , Prosen Tomaž 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGeneralized hydrodynamics predicts universal ballistic transport in integrable lattice systems when prepared in generic inhomogeneous initial states. However, the ballistic contribution to transport can vanish in systems with additional discrete symmetries. Here we perform large scale numerical simulations of spin dynamics in the anisotropic Heisenberg XXZ spin 1/2 chain starting from an inhomogeneous mixed initial state which is symmetric with respect to a combination of spin reversal and spatial reflection. In the isotropic and easy-axis regimes we find non-ballistic spin transport which we analyse in detail in terms of scaling exponents of the transported magnetization and scaling profiles of the spin density. While in the easy-axis regime we find accurate evidence of normal diffusion, the spin transport in the isotropic case is clearly super-diffusive, with the scaling exponent very close to 2/3, but with universal scaling dynamics which obeys the diffusion equation in nonlinearly scaled time.