bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Du bricolage à l’organisation : la naissance des outils de gestion du personnel chez Usinor (1948-1981)
Authors: Godelier Éric 
Published: August 2017

Créée en 1948 pour construire en France deux trains à bandes, la société Usinor doit faire face à une pénurie de main-d’œuvre qualifiée. Le changement technique ne s’accompagne pourtant pas d’une modernisation de la gestion des ressources humaines. Les dirigeants reprennent à leur compte les anciennes méthodes paternalistes. Il faut attendre le milieu des années 1950 pour voir apparaître un outil de gestion conçu et appliqué de façon rationnelle la cotation par poste. L’accroissement des besoins de coordination entre les usines et la construction de l’usine de Dunkerque imposent de nouvelles méthodes de gestion. Les outils de gestion du personnel se développent rapidement à la suite de la fusion entre Usinor et Lorraine-Escaut en 1966. Ils constituent une réponse aux problèmes de gestion des restructurations. Ils sont importés depuis Lorraine-Escaut et implantés dans la structure d’Usinor. La crise des années 1970 oblige les dirigeants successifs à gérer la profonde restructuration de l’entreprise et la grave crise sociale qui l’accompagne. Ils construisent un outil de gestion puissant : la Convention de Protection Sociale de la sidérurgie (CGPS). Elle permet la rationalisation de la politique de gestion du personnel. La prise de pouvoir des créanciers en 1978 accélère la modernisation de l’entreprise. Apparaissent des centres de profits, des prévisions commerciales calquées sur des méthodes de gestion « à l’américaine ». Il faut homogénéiser la gestion du personnel dans le groupe. La nationalisation de 1981 voit se construire les bases d’une gestion prévisionnelle du personnel.
The Autoimmune Risk Variant PTPN22 C1858T Alters B Cell Tolerance at Discrete Checkpoints and Differentially Shapes the Naive Repertoire
Authors: Metzler Genita , Dai Xuezhi , Thouvenel Christopher D. , Khim Socheath , Habib Tania , Buckner Jane H. , Rawlings David J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A common genetic variant in the gene encoding the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22 C1858T) has been linked to a wide range of autoimmune disorders. Although a B cell–intrinsic role in promoting disease has been reported, the mechanism(s) through which this variant functions to alter the preimmune B cell repertoire remains unknown. Using a series of polyclonal and transgenic self-reactive models harboring the analogous mutation in murine Ptpn22, we show evidence for enhanced BCR, B cell–activating factor receptor, and CD40 coreceptor programs, leading to broadly enhanced positive selection of B cells at two discrete checkpoints in the bone marrow and spleen. We further identified a bias for selection of B cells into the follicular mature versus marginal zone B cell compartment. Using a biomarker to track a self-reactive H chain in peripheral blood, we found evidence of similarly enhanced positive selection in human carriers of the PTPN22 C1858T variant. Our combined data support a model whereby the risk variant augments the BCR and coreceptor programs throughout B cell development, promoting enrichment of self-reactive specificities into the follicular mature compartment and thereby likely increasing the risk for seeding of autoimmune B cell responses.
Alterações na microbiota e nos componentes químicos do solo provocados pela deposição de pilhas
Authors: Ciaca Alessandra Magalhaes 
Published: August 2017

O solo é primordial para qualquer atividade humana, o estudo da sua composição microbiológica e química pode gerar várias indicações para o uso cuidadoso, sustentável e qualquer interferência de forma inadequada pode trazer consequências muitas vezes irreparáveis. Fatores bióticos e abióticos influenciam na respiração do solo e de maneira interativa apresentam efeitos sobre os componentes do mesmo. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar as alterações na população de bactérias e fungos cultiváveis e nos componentes quimicos do solo provocados pela deposição de pilhas. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos preenchidos com terra onde foram depositadas pilhas alcalinas e secas a uma profundidade de 12 cm da superficie do vaso. Os vasos ficaram na àrea externa da escola EMEF Prof Luiz Ribeiro Muniz,foram dispostos sobre manta plástica com a finalidade de evitar que os resíduos produzidos lixivissem no solo. Os tratamentos consistiram em deposição com pilhas alcalinas e pilhas secas nos solos dos vasos. As análises microbiológicas destes solos foram realizadas mensalmente por um período de 8 mês, enquanto que análise química do solo foi realizada no final do experimento. Verificou-se que a deposição de pilhas alcalinas e secas no solo provocaram alterações nas características químicas, principalmente de zinco e cobre. Maior concentração destes elementos foi verificada quando foram empregadas 4 pilhas. Foi constatado que a população de bactérias Gram-positivas, Gram-negativas e de fungos, foi reduzida em todos os tratamentos, havendo maior redução de fungos com as pilhas alcalinas. Sugere a necessidade de um trabalho educativo para cuidados com o solo e o descarte assertivo das pilhas.
Determinação de metais tóxicos em sedimento de canal de drenagem pluvial na zona urbana
Authors: Grimmler Marcelo Uarthe , Betemps Glauco Rasmussen , Ferreira Mariana Marcant , Sanches Filho Pedro José 
Published: August 2017

Este estudo foi realizado em um canal de drenagem pluvial da zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas-RS, com o objetivo de determinar os níveis de metais tóxicos (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn) no sedimento carreados pelo runoof. Foram coletadas amostra de sedimentos superficiais em cinco pontos ao longo do canal, a fração menor que 63µm sofreu de extração pseudo total nítrico-perclórica e os extratos foram analisados por espectrofotometria de absorção em chama . Os níveis de metais tóxicos encontrados variaram para o Cromo de 2,9 mg kg-¹±15,4% à 7,9 mg kg-¹±16,4%, Cobre de 4,7 mg kg-¹ ±11,0% à 20,5 mg kg-¹±6,2%. O Niquel foi detectado somente no ponto 2 no valor de 2,2 mg kg-¹±2,0%, Chumbo entre 5,4 mg kg-¹±2,9% à 22,6 mg kg-¹±3,5% e Zinco 49,0 mg kg-¹±4,1% à 100,2 mg kg-¹±6,8%. De maneira geral os analitos não ultrapassaram os limites estipulados pelo CONAMA 344/2004, não causando danos a biota e vida aquática.
Directional change during a Miocene R‐N geomagnetic polarity reversal recorded by mafic lava flows, Sheep Creek Range, north central Nevada, USA
Authors: Bogue S. W. , Glen J. M. G. , Jarboe N. A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecurring transitional field directions during three Miocene geomagnetic reversals provide evidence that lateral inhomogeneity of the lower mantle affects flow in the outer core. We compare new paleomagnetic results from a composite sequence of 15.2 Ma lava flows in north central Nevada (Sheep Creek Range; 40.7°N, 243.2°E), erupted during a polarity reversal, to published data from Steens Mountain (250 km to the northwest in Oregon) and the Newberry Mountains (650 km to the south in California) that document reversals occurring millions of years and many polarity switches earlier. Alternating field demagnetization, followed by thermal demagnetization in half the samples, clearly isolated the primary thermoremanent magnetization of Sheep Creek Range flows. We correlated results from our three sampled sections to produce a composite record that begins with a single virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) at low latitude in the Atlantic, followed by two VGPs situated near latitude 30°N in NE Africa. After jumping to 83°N (one VGP), the pole moves to equatorial South America (one VGP), back to NE Africa (three VGPs), to high southern latitudes (two VGPs), back to equatorial South America (three VGPs), and finally to high northern latitudes (nine VGPs). The repeated visits of the transitional VGP to positions in South America and near NE Africa, as well as the similar behavior recorded at Steens Mountain and the Newberry Mountains, suggest that lower mantle or core‐mantle boundary features localize core flow structures, thereby imparting a discernible regional structure on the transitional geomagnetic field that persists for millions of years.
Heat flow bounds over the Cascadia margin derived from bottom simulating reflectors and implications for thermal models of subduction
Authors: Phrampus Benjamin J. , Harris Robert N. , Tréhu Anne M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the thermal structure of the Cascadia subduction zone is important for understanding megathrust earthquake processes and seismogenic potential. Currently our understanding of the thermal structure of Cascadia is limited by a lack of high spatial resolution heat flow data and by poor understanding of thermal processes such as hydrothermal fluid circulation in the subducting basement, sediment thickening and dewatering, and frictional heat generation on the plate boundary. Here, using a data set of publically available seismic lines combined with new interpretations of bottom simulating reflector (BSR) distributions, we derive heat flow estimates across the Cascadia margin. Thermal models that account for hydrothermal circulation predict BSR‐derived heat flow bounds better than purely conductive models, but still over‐predict surface heat flows. We show that when the thermal effects of in‐situ sedimentation and of sediment thickening and dewatering due to accretion are included, models with hydrothermal circulation become consistent with our BSR‐derived heat flow bounds.
Cenozoic exhumation in the Qilian Shan, northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from detrital fission track thermochronology in the Jiuquan Basin
Authors: He Pengju , Song Chunhui , Wang Yadong , Chen Lihao , Chang Pengfei , Wang Qiangqiang , Ren Bo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe India‐Asia collision resulted in the Cenozoic framework of faults, ranges, and tectonic basins and the high topography of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, but how and when these features formed remains poorly understood, leading to conflicting tectonic models. However, information on the tectonic evolution of these active orogenic belts is well preserved in synorogenic basin sediments. In this study, we carefully analyze the detrital apatite fission track ages of Cenozoic synorogenic sediments from the Jiuquan Basin to decipher the entire exhumation process of the adjacent Qilian Shan throughout the Cenozoic. Our data indicate that initially rapid Cenozoic exhumation occurred in the Qilian Shan during the late Paleocene‐early Eocene (~60–50 Ma), almost synchronous with the India‐Asia collision. The Qilian Shan subsequently experienced long‐lived exhumation that continued until at least the middle Miocene (~45–10 Ma). During this period of exhumation in the Qilian Shan, tectonic deformation occurred throughout the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The early Cenozoic deformation in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau may have been caused by the transfer of tectonic stress from the distant India‐Asia collision boundary through the complex lithospheric environment of the Tibetan Plateau. The present tectonic configuration and topography of the Qilian Shan and the northeastern Tibetan Plateau likely became established since the middle Miocene and after the long‐lived deformation began in the early Cenozoic.
The high‐pressure phase of lawsonite: A single crystal study of a key mantle hydrous phase
Authors: O'Bannon Earl , Beavers Christine M. , Kunz Martin , Williams Quentin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLawsonite CaAl2Si2O7(OH)2·H2O is an important water carrier in subducting oceanic crusts and the primary hydrous phase in basalt at depths greater than ~80 km. We have conducted high‐pressure synchrotron single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments on natural lawsonite at room temperature up to ~10.0 GPa to study its high‐pressure polymorphism. We find that lawsonite remains orthorhombic with Cmcm symmetry up to ~9.3 GPa and shows nearly isotropic compression. Above ~9.3 GPa, lawsonite becomes monoclinic with P21/m symmetry. Across the phase transition, the Ca polyhedron becomes markedly distorted, and the average positions of the H2O molecules and hydroxyls change. The changes observed in the H‐atom positions under compression are different than the low‐temperature changes in this material. We resolve for the first time the H‐bonding configuration of the high‐pressure monoclinic phase of lawsonite. A bond valence approach is deployed to determine that the phase transition from orthorhombic to monoclinic is primarily driven by the Si2O7 groups, and in particular their bridging oxygen atoms (O1). The changes in the structure strongly indicate that entropy increases across the symmetry‐lowering transition and hence that the slope of the phase transition is negative. Monoclinic lawsonite is thus stable under the pressure and temperature conditions that exist in the Earth and is likely to be a major water carrier in colder, deep subducted slabs. Monoclinic lawsonite also likely has enhanced electrical conductivity along its c axis due to its dynamically disordered hydrogen atoms.
Field characterization of elastic properties across a fault zone reactivated by fluid injection
Authors: Jeanne Pierre , Guglielmi Yves , Rutqvist Jonny , Nussbaum Christophe , Birkholzer Jens 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe studied the elastic properties of a fault zone intersecting the Opalinus Clay formation at 300 m depth in the Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory (Switzerland). Four controlled water injection experiments were performed in borehole straddle intervals set at successive locations across the fault zone. A three‐component displacement sensor, which allowed capturing the borehole wall movements during injection, was used to estimate the elastic properties of representative locations across the fault zone, from the host rock to the damage zone to the fault core. Young's moduli were estimated by both an analytical approach and numerical finite difference modeling. Results show a decrease in Young's modulus from the host rock to the damage zone by a factor of 5 and from the damage zone to the fault core by a factor of 2. In the host rock, our results are in reasonable agreement with laboratory data showing a strong elastic anisotropy characterized by the direction of the plane of isotropy parallel to the laminar structure of the shale formation. In the fault zone, strong rotations of the direction of anisotropy can be observed. The plane of isotropy can be oriented either parallel to bedding (when few discontinuities are present), parallel to the direction of the main fracture family intersecting the zone, and possibly oriented parallel or perpendicular to the fractures critically oriented for shear reactivation (when repeated past rupture along this plane has created a zone).
Unraveling the onset of Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 in an extended sediment archive from the Tarfaya‐Laayoune Basin, Morocco
Authors: Kuhnt Wolfgang , Holbourn Ann E. , Beil Sebastian , Aquit Mohamed , Krawczyk Tim , Flögel Sascha , Chellai El Hassane , Jabour Haddou 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe investigated the onset and development of Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) in a newly drilled core (SN°4) from the Tarfaya Basin (southern Morocco), where this interval is unusually expanded. High‐resolution (centimeter‐scale equivalent to centennial) analysis of bulk organic and carbonate stable isotopes and of carbonate and organic carbon content in combination with XRF scanner derived elemental distribution reveal that the ocean‐climate system behaved in a highly dynamic manner prior to and during the onset of OAE2. Correlation with the latest orbital solution indicates that the main carbon isotope shift occurred during an extended minimum in orbital eccentricity (~400 kyr cycle). Shorter‐term fluctuations in carbonate and organic carbon accumulation and in sea level related terrigenous discharge were predominantly driven by variations in orbital obliquity. Negative excursions in organic and carbonate δ13C preceded the global positive δ13C shift marking the onset of OAE2, suggesting injection of isotopically depleted carbon into the atmosphere. The main δ13C increase during the early phase of OAE2 in the late Cenomanian was punctuated by a transient plateau. Maximum organic carbon accumulation occurred during the later part of the main δ13C increase and was associated with climate cooling events, expressed as three consecutive maxima in bulk carbonate δ18O. The extinctions of the thermocline dwelling keeled planktonic foraminifers Rotalipora greenhornensis and Rotalipora cushmani occurred during the first and last of these cooling events and were likely associated with obliquity paced, ocean‐wide expansions, and intensifications of the oxygen minimum zone, affecting their habitat space on a global scale.
Improved electron collimation system design for Elekta linear accelerators
Authors: Pitcher Garrett M. , Hogstrom Kenneth R. , Carver Robert L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrototype 10 × 10 and 20 × 20‐cm2 electron collimators were designed for the Elekta Infinity accelerator (MLCi2 treatment head), with the goal of reducing the trimmer weight of excessively heavy current applicators while maintaining acceptable beam flatness (±3% major axes, ±4% diagonals) and IEC leakage dose. Prototype applicators were designed initially using tungsten trimmers of constant thickness (1% electron transmission) and cross‐sections with inner and outer edges positioned at 95% and 2% off‐axis ratios (OARs), respectively, cast by the upstream collimating component. Despite redefining applicator size at isocenter (not 5 cm upstream) and reducing the energy range from 4–22 to 6–20 MeV, the designed 10 × 10 and 20 × 20‐cm2 applicator trimmers weighed 6.87 and 10.49 kg, respectively, exceeding that of the current applicators (5.52 and 8.36 kg, respectively). Subsequently, five design modifications using analytical and/or Monte Carlo (MC) calculations were applied, reducing trimmer weight while maintaining acceptable in‐field flatness and mean leakage dose. Design Modification 1 beveled the outer trimmer edges, taking advantage of only low‐energy beams scattering primary electrons sufficiently to reach the outer trimmer edge. Design Modification 2 optimized the upper and middle trimmer distances from isocenter for minimal trimmer weights. Design Modification 3 moved inner trimmer edges inward, reducing trimmer weight. Design Modification 4 determined optimal X‐ray jaw positions for each energy. Design Modification 5 adjusted middle and lower trimmer shapes and reduced upper trimmer thickness by 50%. Design Modifications 1→5 reduced trimmer weights from 6.87→5.86→5.52→5.87→5.43→3.73 kg for the 10 × 10‐cm2 applicator and 10.49→9.04→8.62→7.73→7.35→5.09 kg for the 20 × 20‐cm2 applicator. MC simulations confirmed these final designs produced acceptable in‐field flatness and met IEC‐specified leakage dose at 7, 13, and 20 MeV. These results allowed collimation system design for 6 × 6–25 × 25‐cm2 applicators. Reducing trimmer weights by as much as 4 kg (25 × 25‐cm2 applicator) should result in easier applicator handling by the radiotherapy team.
Cholinergic activity and levodopa‐induced dyskinesia: a multitracer molecular imaging study
Authors: Brumberg Joachim , Küsters Sebastian , Al‐Momani Ehab , Marotta Giorgio , Cosgrove Kelly P. , van Dyck Christopher H. , Herrmann Ken , Homola György A. , Pezzoli Gianni , Buck Andreas K. , Volkmann Jens , Samnick Samuel , Isaias Ioannis U. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between levodopa‐induced dyskinesias and striatal cholinergic activity in patients with Parkinson's disease.MethodsThis study included 13 Parkinson's disease patients with peak‐of‐dose levodopa‐induced dyskinesias, 12 nondyskinetic patients, and 12 healthy controls. Participants underwent 5‐[123I]iodo‐3‐[2(S)‐2‐azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine single‐photon emission computed tomography, a marker of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, [123I]N‐ω‐fluoropropyl‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)nortropane single‐photon emission computed tomography, to measure dopamine reuptake transporter density and 2‐[18F]fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography to assess regional cerebral metabolic activity. Striatal binding potentials, uptake values at basal ganglia structures, and correlations with clinical variables were analyzed.ResultsDensity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the caudate nucleus of dyskinetic subjects was similar to that of healthy controls and significantly higher to that of nondyskinetic patients, in particular, contralaterally to the clinically most affected side.InterpretationOur findings support the hypothesis that the expression of dyskinesia may be related to cholinergic neuronal excitability in a dopaminergic‐depleted striatum. Cholinergic signaling would play a role in maintaining striatal dopaminergic responsiveness, possibly defining disease phenotype and progression.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids with Isocyanides: Solvent‐Controlled Selective Synthesis of 5‐Iminofuranones and 5‐Iminopyrrolones
Authors: Hu Weigao , Li Zun , Li Jiawei , Wu Wanqing , Liu Haiyang , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA novel palladium‐catalyzed cyclization of alkynyl carboxylic acids with isocyanides has been successfully developed herein. The corresponding 5‐iminofuranone or 5‐iminopyrrolone derivatives were constructed in moderate to good yields which were well controlled by the solvents. These reactions proceed under simple and mild reaction conditions with high efficiency, and feature a wide substrate scope, readily available starting materials and easy operation.magnified image
Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Imidazolidine Derivatives by Asymmetric Silver/Xing‐Phos‐Catalyzed Homo‐1,3‐Dipolar [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Yu Bo , Bai Xing‐Feng , Lv Ji‐Yuan , Yuan Yang , Cao Jian , Zheng Zhan‐Jiang , Xu Zheng , Cui Yu‐Ming , Yang Ke‐Fang , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEnantioselective synthesis of chiral heterocyclic derivatives is an important and challenging topic in the field of synthetic chemistry. In this work, the first stereocontrolled dimerization‐type homo‐1,3‐dipolar [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of glycine aldimino esters for creating new heterocycles bearing multiple stereogenic centers has been developed through chiral phosphine ligand‐involved silver catalysis. A variety of chiral imidazolidines could be obtained with high yields and good diastereoselectivities as well as excellent enantioselectivities by employing Xing‐Phos as chiral phosphorus ligand. In addition, the silver/Xing‐Phos‐catalyzed homo‐1,3‐dipolar [3+2] cycloaddition reaction is also a facile and novel protocol for catalytic polymerization of bifunctional glycine aldimino esters to give chiral poly(imidazolidine)s with a very narrow molecular weight distribution.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertion with Allylic Esters: Synthesis of N‐(But‐2‐enoyl)‐N‐(tert‐butyl)benzamide Derivatives via Intramolecular Acyl Transfer Termination
Authors: Chen Si , Wei Wan‐Xu , Wang Jia , Xia Yu , Shen Yi , Wu Xin‐Xing , Jing Huanwang , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA novel and unprecedented intramolecular acyl transfer reaction via the palladium‐catalyzed insertion of isocyanide has been established. Isocyanides were inserted into C−O bond under mild conditions, using the readily available allyl ester as the starting materials. In addition, the intramolecular acyl transfer from the ester group oxygen atom to the isocyanide nitrogen atom afforded imide derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. Additionally, this transformation was validated as having operationally simple conditions and excellent functional group compatibility.magnified image