bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Convection in an Enclosure With Multiple Heat Sources Filled With a Hybrid Nanofluid
Authors: Alasiri Abdulaziz , Sakr Ramadan Y. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective of current research was to investigate the fluid flow properties and features of heat transfer by natural convection in a rectangular enclosure containing a hybrid nanofluid and equipped with multiple isothermal heat source devices mounted on the left vertical side wall and the opposite side was subjected to isothermal cooling. The heat sources used are protruding heaters where two, three, and four heaters are used. The upper and lower boundary walls in addition to the spaces between heat sources of enclosure were kept insulated. Effective characteristics of hybrid water-based Cu-Al2O3 nanofluid, including its density, specific heat, and coefficient of thermal expansion, were modelled using mixture theory. Also, the thermal conductivity and effective viscosity were modelled using Brinkmann and M-G models respectively. Mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations describing the system were formulated employing a 2-dimensional model and computationally solved applying the finite element technique via the Galerkin method. Results were presented for a wide range of pertinent factors (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106) and volume fraction (Vol.% concentration) of nanoparticles of (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.10). The influence of Rayleigh number, volume percentage of nanoparticles, and heat sources (number or geometry) were investigated. The current model results were verified by comparing with data existing in literature. The findings demonstrated that higher mean Nusselt number was obtained as Rayleigh number and vol% concentration of nanoparticles increased. Correlation formulae are derived for the Nusselt number of each heater, considering the hybrid nanoparticles’ volume percentage and Rayleigh number.
Substantial Phonon Nonequilibrium Near Nanoscale Hotspots in Ⅲ-Ⅴ Semiconductors
Authors: Xu Jiaxuan , Bao Hua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
At nanoscale, as the heat carriers in semiconductors, phonons exert a significant impact on the performance of modern nanoelectronics. This paper reveals substantial phonon nonequilibrium near nanoscale hotspots in some III-V semiconductors based on the first-principle-based phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE), including wurtzite gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, and zinc-blende boron arsenide. We have illustrated that this unusually pronounced phonon nonequilibrium stems from two effects, i.e., the ballistic phonon transport and the selective phonon excitation. On one hand, the broad phonon mean free path (MFP) distributions of III-V semiconductors cause dominant ballistic phonon transport near nanoscale hotspots, where phonons with various MFPs are in strong nonequilibrium. On the other hand, the large electronegativity difference between constitute atoms leads to intense Fröhlich coupling between electrons and the longitudinal optical phonons, which indicates a strong selective phonon excitation and directly induces significant phonon nonequilibrium. These results provide an in-depth understanding of phonon dynamics in semiconductors and have a significant impact on improving the performance of advanced nanodevices.
Transition in Droplet State on Heated Structured Hydrophobic Substrates
Authors: Venkitesh Venugopal , Agrawal Pranjal , Dash Susmita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Interaction of a droplet on a heated substrate is a subject of extensive research due to its application in spray cooling of surfaces, thermal management of micro-scale devices, water harvesting etc. Depending on the surface temperature the droplet shows nucleate, transition boiling and Leidenfrost state. The presence of surface textures gives rise to various hydrodynamic outcomes such as droplet atomization, interfacial oscillations, and lift off. When a drop is deposited on a textured surface, it typically exists in two states called Cassie-Baxter and Wenzel depending on the substrate wettability and liquid-solid contact area. In the present work we explore a unique lift off mechanism at temperature range of (140–170°C) attributed to the excessive vapor force generated due to droplet impalement into the gap between the textures followed by evaporation of the imbibed liquid. The presence of microtextures (solid fraction) offers flow resistance to the escaping vapor which leads to increase in vapor pressure underneath the drop. When the vapor force exceeds the pinning force and weight of the drop, an explosive lift off occurs. We develop a force-based model to estimate the droplet volume corresponding to lift off on substrates with different morphologies and temperatures.
Thermal and Fluid Flow Behavior Within an Organ-on-a-Chip Model: A Numerical Study
Authors: Barbosa Filipe , Carvalho Violeta , Nobrega Glauco , Pinho Diana , Dueñas-Pamplona Jorge , Abreu Cristiano , Teixeira Senhorinha , Lima Rui A. , Moita Ana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) technology is an ever-evolving field that combines engineering and biological sciences. These offer advantages such as reduced sample consumption, faster and cheaper analysis, and improved microenvironment control. For these reasons, researchers have increasingly used OoCs platforms to deepen the understanding of disease mechanisms. However, ensuring accurate temperature control within these systems has been a challenge, and this is a critical factor influencing cellular behavior and experimental outcomes. For this reason, the integration of heating elements directly into the OoC devices has been explored.
The aim of the present work is to study the heat transfer from a generating element positioned at the bottom of the device and the fluid flow behavior within the OoC. To this end, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed using Ansys Fluent software. The findings indicate that the flow is laminar, and the temperatures obtained in the organoid allow to reproduce hyperthermia conditions.
Capillary-Driven Passive Fog Harvesting With Cones From 3D Printing
Authors: Omer Abubaker S. , Raza Aikifa , AlShehhi Maryam , AlMarzooqi Faisal , Zhang TieJun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Capillary pressure induced by the shape gradient of micro-cones can enable self-propelled droplet transport and promise great potential in many applications, including atmospheric water harvesting, self-cleaning surfaces, and condensation heat transfer. In order to enhance droplet mobility for fog harvesting, micro-cones are fabricated by 3D printing. Small water droplets in fog form a clamshell shape on the surface initially; then, they transition into a non-axisymmetric or axisymmetric barrel shape when growing and moving along the cone axis. In comparison with a smooth micro-cone, a rough micro-cone exhibits a reduction in water contact angle from 49o to 35o and causes different dynamics of droplet growth and transport. Preliminary results from a three-minute fog harvesting experiment show that clamshell water droplets on smooth cones remain stationary, and only half of them coalesce after growth, while barrel-shaped droplets on the rough cones fully coalesce and travel longer distances along the axis. Our analysis shows that as the droplet grows on the rough cone, it moves proportionally towards a higher cone radius, confirming the improvement of fog harvesting with rough cones.
Toowoomba Healthy Towns: A Citizen Science Initiative on Active Transport in Regional South East Queensland, Australia
Authors: Kolbe-Alexander Tracy , Gardiner Paul A. , Banchoff Ann , Schmidt Adam , Covey-Hansen Melinda , King Abby C. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Engaging in active transport will enable individuals across the life course to increase their habitual levels of physical activity. The aim of this study was to engage citizen scientists (CS) to identify factors that influence active transport in their community. Methods: The Our Voice citizen science methodology developed at Stanford University was employed. CS completed a “discovery walk,” taking photos of things that help or hinder active transport. Three groups were recruited: children aged 10–12 years (n = 11), adults (n = 12), and older adults >65 years (n = 10). CS rated each photo and provided a narrative explaining their reason for taking the photo. Once all CS in a specific age group had completed the walk, they met for a group discussion. The CS worked together to analyze the data, arranging them into themes and identifying priority actions. Two CS representatives from each age group presented their findings to the local council decision makers. Results: Children highlighted the need for safer crossings, especially from their school to the local park, and suggested zebra crossings as a solution. The adults highlighted that road signs prioritized vehicles, not pedestrians, and requested that this be reversed. Older adults noted that the poor condition of the pavements made it harder for people in wheelchairs to navigate. The CS recommendations have informed the council’s walking and cycling network program. Conclusion: Engaging with citizen science provided the community with an opportunity to advocate for meaningful yet realistic improvements in the built environment that could promote neighborhood active transport and physical activity across the lifespan.
Evaluation of a point-of-care multiplex immunochromatographic assay for the diagnosis of typhoid: results from a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Hasan Rumina , Azizullah Zahida , Shams Hina , Dittrich Sabine , Andrews Jason R. , Charles Richelle C. , Esfandiari Javan , Gunasekera Dhammika , Tetteh Kevin K.A. , Sapkota Jyotshna 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

There is a clear medical need for an accurate diagnostic test for typhoid that can be performed at point of care. Two antigens (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and hemolysin E [HlyE]) have recently been identified that can distinguish typhoid from other bacterial infections. Here, we present the results of a diagnostic accuracy study of the Dual Path Platform (DPP) Typhoid assay (Chembio) that detects IgA to both LPS and HlyE using blood culture as the reference standard. This was a retrospective, observational, laboratory study conducted at the Aga Khan University research laboratory, Pakistan, to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the DPP Typhoid assay, using archived frozen serum samples collected during a previous typhoid diagnostic accuracy study (NCT04801602). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (area under the receptor operating characteristics curve [AUC]) were then assessed using the manufacturer’s and Youden’s optimal thresholds. In total, 385 samples were included in the analysis. Using the manufacturer’s thresholds, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 97.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 94.6–99.2), 65.3% (95% CI 58.5–71.6), and 81.5% (95% CI 75.5–85.3), respectively. At Youden’s optimal threshold, the overall sensitivity of the DPP Typhoid assay was 89.7% and the specificity was 82.2%. In latent class modeling compared with other nine rapid diagnostic tests evaluated from the same cohort sample, the DPP Typhoid assay demonstrated the highest balanced accuracy (89.2%). The DPP Typhoid assay demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy for typhoid fever. However, further adjustment to new thresholds is recommended to enhance its performance capabilities.

IMPORTANCE
Currently available diagnostic tests for typhoid have several limitations, including low sensitivity and specificity. Dual Path Platform Typhoid assay is a multiplex rapid test that detects IgA antibodies to lipopolysaccharide and hemolysin E antigen. It is considered to have high sensitivity and specificity, and its results were found to be highly correlated with ELISA results. However, very few studies have been conducted to evaluate this test and limited information about the accuracy of this test is present. Hence, this study evaluated the new typhoid test.
Early Cretaceous stress field variations and relationship to intraplate magmatism in the New England portion of the eastern North American margin
Authors: Boemmels J.R. Cooper , Crespi J.M. , Fleming T.H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Shallow mantle processes such as edge-driven convection are thought to play an important role in shaping the passive margin setting. Previous geophysical investigations of northern New England suggest this process is likely operating beneath this portion of the eastern North American margin today. In western Vermont and eastern New York, USA, Early Cretaceous magmatism dated at ca. 140–130 Ma in the Burlington lobe and at ca. 110–100 Ma in the Taconic lobe of the New England–Quebec igneous province may represent the upper crustal expression of edge-driven convection operating beneath the eastern North American margin in the geologic past. This investigation addresses the potential relationship between these two episodes of magmatism and upper crustal deformation in northern New England through paleostress analysis of Early Cretaceous sheet intrusions and mesoscale normal faults, and geochemical analysis of sheet intrusions. The two episodes of magmatism are geochemically similar, display typical characteristics of intraplate alkaline magmatism, and are likely the product of a common source. Paleostress analysis and crosscutting relationships indicate that Burlington lobe magmatism was associated with a subhorizontal N–S extensional stress field, and Taconic lobe magmatism was associated with a subhorizontal NW–SE extensional stress field. Both stress fields represent short-term perturbations to the regional Early Cretaceous subhorizontal NE–SW extensional stress field. Each perturbation coincided with and likely continued following magmatism. The magmatism, geographic and temporal scale of the stress field changes, and return to regional subhorizontal NE–SW extension following these events are consistent with the periodic nature of edge-driven convection and associated small-scale delamination events. This field-based documentation of intraplate magmatism and its association with short-term changes in the stress field improves our understanding of the upper crustal expression of edge-driven convection at passive margins.
Language ability and virtual mental healthcare utilisation among immigrant and refugee youth: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Mohamud Hodan , Toulany Alene , Grandi Sonia M , Altaf Azmina , Fu Longdi , Strauss Rachel , Saunders Natasha Ruth 
Published: September 2024

Background and objectives
The widespread adoption of virtual care during the pandemic may not have been uniform across populations, including among paediatric immigrants and refugees. We sought to examine the association between virtual mental healthcare utilisation and immigration factors.

Methods
This population-based cohort study of immigrants and refugees (3–17 years) used linked health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada (March 2020 to December 2021). Exposures included self-reported Canadian language ability (CLA) at arrival and immigration category (economic class, family class and refugee). The primary outcome was the visit modality (inperson/virtual) measured as a rate of physician-based mental healthcare visits. Modified Poisson regression model estimated adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) with 95% CIs.

Results
Among 22 420 immigrants, 12 135 (54%) did not have CLA (economic class: 6310, family class: 2207, refugees: 3618) and 10 285 did (economic class; 6293, family class: 1469, refugees: 2529). The cohort’s mean age (SD) was 12.0 (4.0) years and half (50.3%) were female. Of 71 375 mental health visits, 47 989 (67.2%) were delivered virtually. Compared with economic class immigrants with CLA (referent), refugees with and without CLA had a lower risk of virtual care utilisation (CLA: aRR 0.89, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.93; non-CLA: aRR 0.80, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.83), as did family class immigrants with CLA (aRR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.99). No differences in virtual care utilisation were observed among economic class immigrants with CLA and other immigrant groups.

Conclusions
Language ability at arrival and immigration category are associated with virtual mental healthcare utilisation. Whether findings reflect user preference or inequities in accessibility, particularly for refugees and those without CLA at arrival, warrants further study.
Emerging fusion-associated mesenchymal tumours: a tabular guide and appraisal of five ‘novel’ entities
Authors: Moodley Jinesa , Chebib Ivan 
Published: September 2024

AimsThe field of molecular pathology has undergone significant advancements in the clinical impact of sarcoma diagnosis, resulting in challenges to nosology of bone and soft tissue tumours. The surge in molecular data has led to the identification of novel fusions and description of new ‘entities’. To illustrate this, we have selected five emerging entities with novel fusions: clear cell stromal tumour of the lung withYAP1::TFE3fusion,GAB1::ABL1fusion spindle cell neoplasm,NUTM1-rearranged sarcomas,NR1D1-rearranged sarcomas and calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasms.MethodsLiterature for the relevant case reports and case series of these five entities were reviewed and clinicopathological data was collected. Additionally, this review includes a table format of recently described fusion-associated mesenchymal neoplasms.ResultsThe morphological and immunohistochemical features, along with diagnostic challenges, are discussed for each entity.ConclusionsHere, we have provided a review of selected emerging mesenchymal neoplasms, which of these neoplasms will meet the threshold to be ‘new entities’ remains to be determined.
Extraction and classification of structured data from unstructured hepatobiliary pathology reports using large language models: a feasibility study compared with rules-based natural language processing
Authors: Geevarghese Ruben , Sigel Carlie , Cadley John , Chatterjee Subrata , Jain Pulkit , Hollingsworth Alex , Chatterjee Avijit , Swinburne Nathaniel , Bilal Khawaja Hasan , Marinelli Brett 
Published: September 2024

AimsStructured reporting in pathology is not universally adopted and extracting elements essential to research often requires expensive and time-intensive manual curation. The accuracy and feasibility of using large language models (LLMs) to extract essential pathology elements, for cancer research is examined here.MethodsRetrospective study of patients who underwent pathology sampling for suspected hepatocellular carcinoma and underwent Ytrrium-90 embolisation. Five pathology report elements of interest were included for evaluation. LLMs (Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) 3.5 turbo and GPT-4) were used to extract elements of interest. For comparison, a rules-based, regular expressions (REGEX) approach was devised for extraction. Accuracy for each approach was calculated.Results88 pathology reports were identified. LLMs and REGEX were both able to extract research elements with high accuracy (average 84.1%–94.8%).ConclusionsLLMs have significant potential to simplify the extraction of research elements from pathology reporting, and therefore, accelerate the pace of cancer research.
Interleukin 6 plasma levels are associated with progression of coronary plaques
Authors: Kraaijenhof Jordan M , Nurmohamed Nick S , Tzolos Evangelos , Meah Mo , Geers Jolien , Kaiser Yannick , Kroon Jeffrey , Hovingh G Kees , Stroes Erik S G , Dweck Marc R 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundInflammation plays a pivotal role in atherogenesis and is a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Non-invasive coronary CT angiography (CCTA) enables evaluation of coronary plaque phenotype. This study investigates the relationship between a comprehensive panel of inflammatory markers and short-term plaque progression on serial CCTA imaging, hypothesising that inflammation is associated with increased plaque volume.MethodsA total of 161 patients aged ≥40 years with stable multivessel coronary artery disease were included, who underwent CCTA at baseline and 12 months follow-up. Baseline plasma levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and other inflammatory markers were measured. Plaque volumes were assessed using semiautomated software, calculating total, noncalcified, calcified and low-attenuation noncalcified plaque volumes. Linear regression models, adjusted for ASSIGN score, segment involvement score and body mass index, evaluated associations between inflammatory markers and plaque volume changes.ResultsThe mean±SD age was 65.4±8.4 years, with 129 (80.6%) male participants. Baseline total plaque volume was 1394 (1036, 1993) mm³. After 12 months, total plaque volume changed by 78 (−114, 244) mm³. IL-6 levels were associated with a 4.9% increase in total plaque volume (95% CI: 0.9 to 8.9, p=0.018) and a 4.8% increase in noncalcified plaque volume (95% CI: 0.7 to 8.9, p=0.022). No significant associations were observed for other inflammatory markers.ConclusionsPlasma IL-6 levels are significantly associated with increased total and noncalcified short-term plaque progression in patients with stable coronary artery disease. This supports the potential of IL-6 as a target for reducing plaque progression and cardiovascular risk.
Isolation Performance of the Quasi-Zero Stiffness Isolation System Enhanced by Mixed Tuned Inerter Damper
Authors: Sheng Piao , Zhang Zhenhua , Jing Shuangxi , Zhao Feng 
Published: September 2024

The low-frequency isolation performance of the transverse spring-rocker quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) isolation system has been demonstrated. However, the QZS isolation system could encounter a deterioration of the low-frequency isolation performance under strong external excitation, due to the hardening phenomenon of its amplitude-frequency response (AFR). To end this problem, a mixed tuned inerter damper (MTID) which combines the advantages of the tuned inerter damper (TID) and the tuned viscous mass damper (TVMD) is proposed in this research. The analytical solution of the AFR of the MTID-QZS isolation system under harmonic excitation is solved by the harmonic balance method (HBM) and verified by numerical method. Whereafter, the corresponding stability analysis of AFR is conducted, and the force transmissibility (FT) of the MTID-QZS is defined to qualify the isolation performance. The effects of the tuning frequency of MTID, the inertance-to-mass ratio, and damping ratios on AFR and FT are conducted, and optimized parameter combinations are suggested to obtain distinguished ultra-low-frequency isolation performance. The comparison among the MTID-QZS system, TID-QZS system, TVMD-QZS system, and QZS system shows that the MTID-QZS system has obvious advantages in suppressing the low-frequency and high-frequency vibration either under strong or weak external excitation.