bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burnout in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Michalsen Andrej , Hillert Andreas , Schießl Andreas , Hinzmann Dominik 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBoth acute crises and chronically incriminating circumstances in people’s lives may lead to their being afflicted by psychological and somatic ailments. “Burnout” has been coined and established as the term for chronic occupational strain. Many professions claim to be extraordinarily affected by burnout, amongst others physicians and nurses, especially those working in anaesthesiology and critical care. Usually assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventary, the prevalence of moderate or severe burnout in these areas is estimated at about 30 % amongst nurses and about 40 % to 50 % amongst physicians. Both individual characteristics of those afflicted and occupational factors – as well as their interactions – are made responsible for causing burnout. The complexity of potentially stressful impingements, though, particularly within anaesthesiology and critical care, cannot be covered by the traditional burnout-paradigm. The plethora of recommendations found in popular science may be helpful in individual cases. However, there are no evidence-based preventive or therapeutic measures yet, that would endurably mitigate the sequelae of chronic occupational strain. On the one hand, occupationally burdensome factors needed to be registered more elaborately, for instance using the “Stress-Monitor” instrument. On the other hand, an in-hospital “peer-support system” has been developed and implemented in a Munich hospital recently. Anaesthetists and intensive care physicians have formed a network that supports health care workers surmounting acute occupational strain and thus helps to prevent its chronification. Ultimately, the goal of health care workers needed to consist of establishing individual work-related strategies to adequately cope with the manifold occupational stressors in a lifelong learning process.
Abklärung von Leberwerterhöhungen in der hausärztlichen Praxis – Versorgungsrealität in Deutschland
Authors: Jansky Michael , Mattlinger Christina , Nguyen-Tat Marc , Galle Peter , Lammert Frank , Jäger Johannes , Wangler Julian 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Leberwerterhöhungen stellen in der Hausarztpraxis eine häufige Zufallsdiagnose dar. Bislang fehlt ein evidenzbasierter, strukturierter Diagnosealgorithmus zur Einordnung und Bewertung erhöhter Leberwerte, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Früherkennung von Patienten mit erhöhtem Risiko für eine Leberfibrose oder Leberzirrhose. Dementsprechend stellt der Umgang mit erhöhten Leberwerten, welche im Rahmen einer allgemeinen Blutuntersuchung auffallen, eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar, die stark vom jeweiligen Arzt abhängt.
Methoden Mittels schriftlicher Befragung wurden zwischen März und Juni 2017 insgesamt 391 Hausärzte in Rheinland-Pfalz und im Saarland zum Vorgehen bei Leberwerterhöhungen befragt. Schwerpunkte waren Verhalten und Strategien bei der Abklärung (unklar) erhöhter Leberwerte sowie die Identifizierung von Herausforderungen und Fortbildungsinteressen. Neben der deskriptiven Analyse kam eine Faktorenanalyse zum Einsatz.
Ergebnisse Die nicht-anlassbezogene Bestimmung von Leberwerten wie γ-GT, AST und ALT wird in der hausärztlichen Praxis häufig durchgeführt. Für die bestimmten leberassoziierten Laborwerte zeigen sich stark unterschiedliche Cluster. Im Fall erhöhter Leberwerte präferiert eine Mehrheit der Hausärzte grundsätzlich ein kontrolliertes Zuwarten (58 %). In Ermangelung eines feststehenden Behandlungspfads treten im Praxisalltag Herausforderungen auf, die sich auf das kontrollierte Zuwarten, die Zusammenarbeit mit gastroenterologischen Fachärzten sowie die Orientierung an vorgegebenen Laborwertportfolios beziehen.
Schlussfolgerung Neben der Einführung eines evidenzbasierten Algorithmus ist über eine Optimierung im Informationsfluss zwischen Haus- und Fachärzten nachzudenken. Der Ausbau von themenbezogenen Schulungs- und Fortbildungsformaten für Hausärzte wäre begrüßenswert.
Time trend of reported cases and publications: hepatitis E in comparison to hepatitis A – D in Germany from 2001 to 2016
Authors: Wehmeyer Malte , Hartl Johannes , von Wulffen Moritz , Lohse Ansgar , Pischke Sven 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Background The frequency of autochthonous hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in Western countries has increased since the millennium, probably due to a higher awareness for HEV. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological situation and regional distribution of HEV in comparison to hepatitis A – D in Germany.
Methods Data of the reported cases, patients’ travel histories, and the regional distribution of hepatitis A – E virus infections from 2001 to 2017 were extracted from databases of the Robert Koch Institute. The number of publications per year on each hepatitis virus was used as a surrogate parameter for scientific awareness.
Results The incidence of HEV infections increased from 31 reported cases in 2001 to 1991 cases in 2016 with a rate of autochthonous HEV infections of 44.4 % in 2001 and 83.9 % in 2016. In 2016, the HEV incidence was 4.4/100 000 in Eastern Germany and 2.0/100 000 in Western Germany. From 2001 to 2016, the numbers of hepatitis A and C virus infections decreased, while the number of hepatitis B virus infections initially decreased followed by an increase since 2014. The incidence of hepatitis D virus infections remained low. The incidence rates of hepatitis A – D virus infections were comparable between Eastern and Western Germany in 2016. There was a strong correlation between publications on HEV and reported HEV cases (Pearson r = 0.9803, p < 0.01).
Conclusions Especially in Eastern Germany, but also in Western Germany, the rate of reported HEV cases and the scientific awareness for this disease increased strongly since 2001.
ALKALs are in vivo ligands for ALK family receptor tyrosine kinases in the neural crest and derived cells
Authors: Fadeev Andrey , Mendoza-Garcia Patricia , Irion Uwe , Guan Jikui , Pfeifer Kathrin , Wiessner Stephanie , Serluca Fabrizio , Singh Ajeet Pratap , Nüsslein-Volhard Christiane , Palmer Ruth H. 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceNeuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor arising from the neural crest. Dysregulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK has been linked to neuroblastoma, making it important to understand its function in native conditions. In zebrafish, a related receptor—Ltk—is also expressed in neural crest and regulates development of specific pigment cells—iridophores. Ligands activating human ALK were recently identified as the ALKAL proteins (FAM150, AUG) by biochemical means. Our data show that this ligand–receptor pair functions in vivo in the neural crest of zebrafish to drive development of iridophores. Removal of Ltk or all three zebrafish ALKALs results in larvae completely lacking these cells. UsingDrosophilaand human cell lines, we show evolutionary conservation of this important interaction.
Shaping public view
Authors: Sidiropoulou Maria 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMedia research problematizes processes of mediation and the media-audience relationship. The study explores a second-order but equally important type of mediation process, that of press translation. It examines a set of pairs of English original and Greek translated headlines culled from various Greek newspapers (2005–2015). It highlights translation shifts which have the potential to drive the interest and values of some locations and political action or players, with a view to modifying perception of political landscapes and the demographics of inclusion and exclusion. The study shows that this is achieved by translation strategies managing proximity/ distance implications, agency representation, de/aestheticizing suffering or shifting perceptions of audience identity. Remediation-as-translation practice needs rigorous theorizing as it assumes an important yet rather neglected area of media tactics, which can de/mobilize moralizing ethics and affect ethical sensibility in public sphere.
Modulating Role of Ang1-7 in Control of Blood Pressure and Renal Function in AngII-infused Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Kuczeriszka Marta , Kompanowska-Jezierska Elżbieta , Sadowski Janusz , Prieto Minolfa C , Navar L Gabriel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Indirect evidence suggests that angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) may counterbalance prohypertensive actions of angiotensin II (AngII), via activation of vascular and/or renal tubular receptors to cause vasodilation and natriuresis/diuresis. We examined if Ang1-7 would attenuate the development of hypertension, renal vasoconstriction, and decreased natriuresis in AngII-infused rats and evaluated the mechanisms involved.

METHODS
AngII, alone or with Ang1-7, was infused to conscious Sprague-Dawley rats for 13 days and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and renal excretion were repeatedly determined. In anesthetized rats, acute actions of Ang1-7 and effects of blockade of angiotensin AT1 or Mas receptors (candesartan or A-779) were studied.

RESULTS
Chronic AngII infusion increased SBP from 143 ± 4 to 195 ± 6 mm Hg. With Ang1-7 co-infused, SBP increased from 133 ± 5 to 161 ± 5 mm Hg (increase reduced, P &lt; 0.002); concurrent increases in urine flow (V) and sodium excretion (UNaV) were greater. In anesthetized normotensive or AngII-induced hypertensive rats, Ang1-7 infusion transiently increased mean arterial pressure (MABP), transiently decreased renal blood flow (RBF), and caused increases in UNaV and V. In normotensive rats, candesartan prevented the Ang1-7-induced increases in MABP and UNaV and the decrease in RBF. In anesthetized normotensive, rats intravenous A-779 increased MABP (114 ± 5 to 120 ± 5 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.03) and urine flow. Surprisingly, these changes were not observed with A-779 applied during background Ang1-7 infusion.

CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that in AngII-dependent hypertension, Ang1-7 deficit contributes to sodium and fluid retention and thereby to BP elevation; a correction by Ang1-7 infusion seems mediated by AT1 and not Mas receptors.
LeNup: learning nucleosome positioning from DNA sequences with improved convolutional neural networks
Authors: Zhang Juhua , Peng Wenbo , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Nucleosome positioning plays significant roles in proper genome packing and its accessibility to execute transcription regulation. Despite a multitude of nucleosome positioning resources available on line including experimental datasets of genome-wide nucleosome occupancy profiles and computational tools to the analysis on these data, the complex language of eukaryotic Nucleosome positioning remains incompletely understood.

Results
Here, we address this challenge using an approach based on a state-of-the-art machine learning method. We present a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) to understand nucleosome positioning. We combined Inception-like networks with a gating mechanism for the response of multiple patterns and long term association in DNA sequences. We developed the open-source package LeNup based on the CNN to predict nucleosome positioning in Homo sapiens, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster as well as Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomes. We trained LeNup on four benchmark datasets. LeNup achieved greater predictive accuracy than previously published methods.

Availability and implementation
LeNup is freely available as Python and Lua script source code under a BSD style license from https://github.com/biomedBit/LeNup.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Catastrophizing Interferes with Cognitive Modulation of Pain in Women with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Ellingson Laura D , Stegner Aaron J , Schwabacher Isaac J , Lindheimer Jacob B , Cook Dane B 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPain modulation is a critical function of the nociceptive system that includes the ability to engage descending pain control systems to maintain a functional balance between facilitation and inhibition of incoming sensory stimuli. Dysfunctional pain modulation is associated with increased risk for chronic pain and is characteristic of fibromyalgia (FM). Catastrophizing is also common in FM. However, its influence on pain modulation is poorly understood.ObjectiveTo determine the role of catastrophizing on central nervous system processing during pain modulation in FM via examining brain responses and pain sensitivity during an attention-distraction paradigm.MethodsTwenty FM patients and 18 healthy controls (CO) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while receiving pain stimuli, administered alone and during distracting cognitive tasks. Pain ratings were assessed after each stimulus. Catastrophizing was assessed with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS).ResultsThe ability to modulate pain during distraction varied among FM patients and was associated with catastrophizing. This was demonstrated by significant positive relationships between PCS scores and pain ratings (P < 0.05) and brain responses in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (P < 0.01). Relationships between catastrophizing and pain modulation did not differ between FM and CO (P > 0.05).ConclusionsFM patients with higher levels of catastrophizing were less able to distract themselves from pain, indicative of catastrophizing-related impairments in pain modulation. These results suggest that the tendency to catastrophize interacts with attention-resource allocation and may represent a mechanism of chronic pain exacerbation and/or maintenance. Reducing catastrophizing may improve FM symptoms via improving central nervous system regulation of pain.
Obesity Does Not Increase Operative Time in Otologic Surgery: An Analysis of 5125 Cases
Authors: Muelleman Thomas , Shew Matthew , Muelleman Robert J. , Villwock Mark , Sykes Kevin , Staecker Hinrich , Lin James 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
A large shoulder can impact otologic surgical access. The physical obstruction of a large shoulder may force the surgeon to adjust his or her posture or hand position. We sought to assess the effect of body mass index (BMI) on operative time in tympanoplasties and tympanomastoidectomies.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional analysis.

Setting:
National surgical quality improvement program dataset (NSQIP) 2011 to 2014.

Patients:
Current procedural terminology (CPT) codes were used to identify patients undergoing tympanoplasties and tympanomastoidectomies.

Interventions:
Otologic surgery as indicated by CPT code.

Main Outcome Measures:
Targeted variables included height, weight, and operative time. BMI was stratified to assess a range of body compositions (<25, 25–30, >30–35, >35–40, >40). Categorical variables were compared using χ2 tests and continuous variables were compared using Kruskal–Wallis tests. Correlation between operative time and BMI was assessed using Spearman's rho. A generalized linear model was used to analyze the variables affecting operative time. Surgical complications were assessed in binary logistic regression using the enter method. Two-tailed significance was set at α = 0.05.

Results:
Two surgical groups were identified: tympanoplasty (n = 3,508) and tympanomastoidectomy (n = 1,617). There was not a significant difference in mean operative time across the BMI subgroups for either surgical group (p = 0.617, 0.859, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed no significant difference in operative times based on BMI classification.

Conclusions:
The body habitus of obese patients may force the otologic surgeon to adapt, but obese patients do not have a statistically significant longer mean operative time for tympanoplasties and tympanomastoidectomies than patients with a lower BMI.
Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct and Cochlear Implants: The Effect of Early Counseling on the Length of Time Between Candidacy and Implantation
Authors: Bostic Katlyn , Lewis Rebecca M. , Chai Brianna , Manganella Juliana L. , Barrett Devon L. , Kawai Kosuke , Kenna Margaret A. , Stiles Derek J. , Clark Terrell 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To determine if discussing cochlear implantation (CI) with patients with enlarged vestibular aqueducts (EVA) and their families before reaching audiological criteria for CI candidacy effects the length of time between reaching audiological candidacy and CI surgery, and to describe the universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) results and communication modality in this sample.

Patients:
Forty-two patients (25 females) with confirmed EVA and cochlear implants.

Intervention(s):
Diagnostic CI visit.

Main Outcome Measures:
The primary outcome measure is the difference in length of time between reaching audiological candidacy for CI and surgical implantation between those who had preliminary discussions regarding CI with their medical and healthcare providers before reaching audiological candidacy versus who had discussions after reaching candidacy. The secondary outcome measure is the result of the UNHS and primary mode of communication used by each patient.

Results:
Discussing CI before reaching audiological candidacy was associated with a significantly shorter duration between reaching audiological candidacy and receiving CI (median = 3.1 mo; interquartile range [IQR] = 1.7–5.4) as compared with discussing CI after reaching candidacy (median = 5.8 mo; IQR = 3.2–11.2; p = 0.012). Participants born after the implementation of the UNHS, 16 of 24 patients referred on one or both ears. Communication modalities were evenly divided between utilizing sign-support English and oral/aural communicators only.

Conclusions:
Discussion of CI in patients with EVA before reaching audiological candidacy reduces the amount of time the child is without adequate auditory access and contributes to a constructive and interactive preparatory experience.
Self-Evaluated Quality of Life and Functional Outcomes After Microsurgery, Stereotactic Radiation or Observation-Only for Vestibular Schwannoma of the Adult Patient: A Systematic Review
Authors: Papatsoutsos Efstathios , Spielmann Patrick M. 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of different management options on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in vestibular schwannoma patients.

Data Sources:
A systematic search of the Cochrane Database, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness, and the Ovid Medline & EMBASE was performed. English and German language studies published between 1980 and 2015 were considered.

Study Selection:
This is a systematic review of HRQoL of patients managed for vestibular schwannoma. Studies in which HRQoL after one management option were evaluated or compared with other managements or with control populations using validated or reliable questionnaires, were included.

Data Extraction:
The included studies were independently evaluated by two reviewers. The quality of studies was assessed and graded as per Oxford Centre of Evidence Based Medicine System.

Results:
Ten prospective and 29 retrospective studies were identified: microsurgery initially exerted a negative effect on HRQoL but this tended to improve with follow up. Radiotherapy had a less negative effect but with minimal change over follow up. A significant limitation was that studies did not present results stratified by tumor size. Many patients will need active treatment despite the potential for negative effects on their QoL. The concept of a minimal clinically important difference has been introduced into this field and was compared with five studies.

Conclusion:
A number of prospective studies are available but none yet with a disease-specific questionnaire. Heterogeneity and the methodological weaknesses of the included studies constitute the principle limitation of this review. The introduction of the minimal clinically important difference should improve the relevance of studies and allow a sensitive comparison of treatments.
Relations Between Self-reported Executive Functioning and Speech Perception Skills in Adult Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Moberly Aaron C. , Patel Tirth R. , Castellanos Irina 
Published: January 2018

Hypothesis:
As a result of their hearing loss, adults with cochlear implants (CIs) would self-report poorer executive functioning (EF) skills than normal-hearing (NH) peers, and these EF skills would be associated with performance on speech recognition tasks.

Background:
EF refers to a group of high order neurocognitive skills responsible for behavioral and emotional regulation during goal-directed activity, and EF has been found to be poorer in children with CIs than their NH age-matched peers. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that neurocognitive skills, including some EF skills, contribute to the ability to recognize speech through a CI.

Methods:
Thirty postlingually deafened adults with CIs and 42 age-matched NH adults were enrolled. Participants and their spouses or significant others (informants) completed well-validated self-reports or informant-reports of EF, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function – Adult (BRIEF-A). CI users’ speech recognition skills were assessed in quiet using several measures of sentence recognition. NH peers were tested for recognition of noise-vocoded versions of the same speech stimuli.

Results:
CI users self-reported difficulty on EF tasks of shifting and task monitoring. In CI users, measures of speech recognition correlated with several self-reported EF skills.

Conclusion:
The present findings provide further evidence that neurocognitive factors, including specific EF skills, may decline in association with hearing loss, and that some of these EF skills contribute to speech processing under degraded listening conditions.
Relationship Between the Extent of Endolymphatic Hydrops and the Severity and Fluctuation of Audiovestibular Symptoms in Patients With Menière's Disease and MRI Evidence of Hydrops
Authors: Jerin Claudia , Floerke Sonja , Maxwell Rebecca , Gürkov Robert 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To characterize the short-, middle-, and long-term occurrence of vertigo attacks in a large population of Menière's disease (MD) and to investigate the relationship between the extent of endolymphatic hydrops (ELH) and the severity of audiovestibular symptoms.

Study Design:
Prospective observational study.

Methods:
One hundred ninety-two patients with clinically definite MD participated in this study. The degree of ELH was visualized by locally enhanced inner ear magnetic resonance imaging. The occurrence and intensity of vertigo attacks, hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness were documented in patient diaries.

Results:
There was no significant correlation between the extent of cochlear or vestibular hydrops and the number of definite vertigo days, neither with regard to a short-term nor with regard to a middle-term time period. There was also no correlation between the extent of ELH and the intensity or activity of the coexisting aural symptoms hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. The duration of the disease significantly correlated with the extent of both cochlear and vestibular hydrops, but not with the number of definite vertigo days.

Conclusion:
The ELH was progressive in the long-term course of the disease in this large population of definite MD patients, but short-term and middle-term fluctuations of the symptom severity did not involve measurable variations of the ELH. Furthermore, the symptom severity did not decrease with increasing disease duration.