bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunocytochemistry assessment of vocal fold regeneration after cell‐based implant in rabbits
Authors: Nicolas Larissa , Mandl Hanna , Schrader Feng , Long Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveCell‐based outer vocal fold replacement (COVR) offers a potential treatment for severe vocal fold scarring or cancer reconstruction. Previous work in rabbits using human adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC) in fibrin suggested that a hybrid structure emerged within 2 months, containing both implanted and host cells. This project uses immunocytochemistry to better define the phenotypic fate of implanted cells and features of the extracellular environment.MethodsImmunocytochemistry was performed on sections collected from rabbits 2 months after COVR implantation or scar surgery. Cellular targets included human leukocyte antigen (HLA), CD31, and smooth muscle actin (SMA).ResultsHLA was present in all implanted sections and was used to identify human cells. In adjacent sections, HLA‐positive cells were identified expressing CD31. SMA was not identified in the same cells as HLA. These markers were also present in injured vocal folds not receiving COVR. SMA protein content did not differ according to treatment.ConclusionsImplanted human ASC persist in rabbit vocal folds. Some appear to express CD31, an endothelial marker. Smooth muscle actin, a marker of myofibroblast phenotype, was present in all sections regardless of treatment, and was not identified in hASC. Host cells also infiltrate the structure, producing a hybrid host‐graft vocal fold.
Curvature and Weitzenböck formula for spectral triples
Authors: Mesland Bram , Rennie Adam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUsing the Levi‐Civita connection on the noncommutative differential 1‐forms of a spectral triple , we define the full Riemann curvature tensor, the Ricci curvature tensor and scalar curvature. We give a definition of Dirac spectral triples and derive a general Weitzenböck formula for them. We apply these tools to ‐deformations of compact Riemannian manifolds. We show that the Riemann and Ricci tensors transform naturally under ‐deformation, whereas the connection Laplacian, Clifford representation of the curvature, and the scalar curvature are all invariant under deformation.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for the treatment of eating disorders: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Hatoum Amaani H. , Burton Amy L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has demonstrated promise as a treatment for eating disorders (ED). The present study aimed to systematically evaluate the current evidence regarding the use of EMDR therapy in the treatment of EDs, ED symptomatology and body image concerns. Included articles were original studies that described the use of EMDR therapy in the treatment of EDs, published in the English language in a peer‐review journal. The search was conducted using four electronic databases: PsycINFO, MedLine, Embase, and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers conducted screening, selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction. Of the initial search of 109 potential studies, eight met inclusion criteria, including six case studies, one quasi‐experimental study, and one randomised control trial (RCT). The RCT indicated that including an EMDR component did not have benefits over standard treatment for core ED symptoms, whereas the quasi‐experimental study demonstrated some benefits for inclusion of EMDR as a treatment adjunct for anorexia nervosa patients. Case studies indicated some promising outcomes for patients with various presentations. Despite EMDR being an available treatment for several decades now, there is limited clinical evidence regarding its efficacy in the treatment of EDs. These findings highlight a critical need for more clinical research in this area to ensure clinical practice is guided and supported by evidence‐based outcomes.
Radiation shielding transmission data for modern digital radiography
Authors: Li Xinhua , Marschall Theodore A. , Yang Kai , Liu Bob 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundRadiography is one of the most widely used x‐ray imaging modalities. In National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Report No. 147, transmission data for radiographic systems were evaluated on those installed before 2000. For x‐ray systems (except intraoral dental) manufactured on or after June 10, 2006, the U.S. required minimum half‐value layer (HVL) was increased; for example, 2.9 (2.3) mm Al at 80 kV, where the value in parenthesis denotes the earlier requirement before the above date.PurposeTo calculate the transmission of the broad x‐ray beam of modern digital radiography (DR) through shielding materials.MethodsX‐ray beam HVLs on two DR systems (Agfa DR 600, GE Revolution XR/d) were measured in 10 kV increments between 60 and 120 kV, with a calibrated ionization chamber (Radcal model 10 × 5‐60) and varying thickness of aluminum 1100 plates. Monte Carlo (Geant4) simulation was performed to calculate the transmission of broad x‐ray beams through lead, concrete, gypsum, and steel, with x‐ray HVLs matching those of the DR 600 at two beam filtrations (default, 1 mm Al plus 0.1 mm Cu added filtration). The transmission data were fitted to the Archer equation.ResultsHVLs on two DR systems with default beam filtration were consistent (median difference, 2.1%; maximum difference, 5.5%). An additional beam filtration option (1 mm Al plus 0.1 mm Cu) on the DR 600 substantially increased HVLs by 45.2%–61.2%. Transmission fitting parameters were provided for seven tube voltages (60–120 kV) at two beam filtrations.ConclusionThis work presents transmission data for modern DR systems, indicating increased x‐ray beam filtration compared to the primary x‐ray beam in NCRP Report No. 147. The updated transmission data can enhance structural shielding evaluations at individual tube voltages or with a workload distribution.
MDMA‐assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of PTSD: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
Authors: Shahrour Ghada , Sohail Kainat , Elrais Safa , Khan Muhammad Hamza , Javeid Javeria , Samdani Khubaib , Mansoor Hajra , Hussain Syed Izhar , Sharma Dhruvikumari , Ehsan Muhammad , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder resulting from exposure to traumatic events, manifesting in various debilitating symptoms. Despite available treatments, many individuals experience inadequate response or significant side effects. Previous reviews suggest promising outcomes with MDMA‐assisted psychotherapy (MDMA‐AT), but limitations prompt the need for a comprehensive evaluation.MethodsWe searched various online databases and registries such as MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov to retrieve RCTs that fit our inclusion criteria. We performed meta‐analyses using Review Manager by applying a random‐effects model. Dichotomous and continuous outcomes were pooled as risk ratios (RR) and standard mean difference (SMD), respectively.ResultsNine studies with a total of 297 participants with PTSD were included in our meta‐analysis. The control group consisted of inactive doses of MDMA (25–40 mg) or placebo. Our meta‐analysis showed that MDMA‐AT led to a significant reduction in the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐5 (CAPS‐5) severity scores as compared to the control group (SMD −1.10, 95% CI: −1.62 to −0.59). More patients in the MDMA‐AT group exhibited significant response (RR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.08) and remission (RR 2.32, 95% CI: 1.47 to 3.66) as compared to patients in the control group. There was no significant difference regarding the incidence of ≥1 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAE), ≥1 severe TEAE, and suicidal ideation between the two groups.ConclusionMDMA‐AT demonstrates significant efficacy in improving PTSD symptoms, enhancing both response and remission rates in individuals with chronic, treatment‐resistant PTSD, while maintaining a favorable safety profile.
Decentralized approach for incorporating waste wind turbine blades into 3D printing filaments using mechanical recycling
Authors: Ezhilan J. James , Damodaran Ajith , Ashok K. G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe increasing awareness in environmental safety has led to rapid development in production of electricity using wind energy with wind turbines. The widespread deployment of wind turbines has outpaced the effective recycling of End‐of‐Life wind turbines. This study explores the potential of mechanically recycling decommissioned wind turbine blades (WTB) as reinforcement material in 3D printing processes. Utilizing mechanical grinding, materials were extracted from the waste blades and subsequently analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis to determine optimal processing conditions. The reclaimed materials were then blended with recycled polypropylene through single‐screw extrusion to fabricate tensile test samples via Fused Deposition Modeling. The impact of print orientation on mechanical strength was examined at 0°, 45°, and 90° angles. Morphological analysis was conducted on the fractured specimens to assess the failure characteristics. The findings indicate that samples printed at a 90° orientation exhibited superior mechanical properties, suggesting a viable pathway for incorporating wind turbine waste into sustainable manufacturing cycles.Highlights
A decentralized‐mechanical recycling technique to the waste WTB.
The necessary material parameters for the operations employed in this study.
Reinforced 3D printable filaments from waste WTB.
Stronger reinforced filaments obtained from proper fiber alignment.
An intelligent CFRP bolt with embedded carbon nanotube eddy current sensors for damage self‐diagnosis of bolted composite joints
Authors: Hou Jun , Bai Shengbao , Zhang Xinlong , Sun Hu , Qing Xinlin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecognizing the critical demand for composite bolts and the damage‐mode complexity of composite bolt joints, this study introduces the concept of an intelligent carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bolt, which achieves self‐monitoring of damage in small and complex CFRP bolted joints. The proposed eddy current sensor (ECS) is mainly composed of a coil made of carbon nanotube film and encapsulated with epoxy resin film. This achieves homogeneous embedding of the sensor by using the same material for both sensor and bolt. The CFRP bolt is fabricated by molding process, with the proposed ECS embedded in bolt shank. The numerical simulation results indicate that hole‐edge damages impact the distribution of induced current density and eddy current flow in CFRP plates. Additionally, the impedance amplitude of the ECS effectively monitors bearing damage propagation. Shear tests confirm that the integration method of the proposed ECS within the CFRP bolt introduces negligible intrusion to the host bolt's integrity. Experimental results demonstrate that the intelligent CFRP bolt can effectively monitor the damage propagation at the hole edge, with an accuracy for bearing damage exceeding 0.5 mm. At a working frequency of 10 MHz, the sensor's sensitivity in detecting a 0.5 mm bearing damage reaches 4.20%.Highlights
An intelligent CFRP bolt was fabricated using the molding method.
The embedding of the ECS did not cause adverse effects on the bolt.
The proposed EC sensor is composed of carbon nanotube and epoxy resin adhesive films.
The eddy current distribution at the hole edge of the CFRP bolted joints is analyzed.
The ability of intelligent bolts to monitor hole edge damage is verified by experiments.
Impacts of age and BMI on vancomycin model choice in a Bayesian software: Lessons from a very large multi‐site retrospective study
Authors: Hughes Maria‐Stephanie A. , Lee Tiffany , Faldasz Jonathan D. , Hughes Jasmine H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundModel‐informed precision dosing (MIPD) optimizes drug doses based on pharmacokinetic (PK) model predictions, necessitating careful selection of models tailored to patient characteristics. This study evaluates the predictive performance of various vancomycin PK models across diverse age and BMI categories, drawing insights from a large multi‐site database.MethodsAdults receiving vancomycin intravenous therapy at United States health systems between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023, were included. Patient demographics, vancomycin administration records, and therapeutic drug monitoring levels (TDMs) were collected from the InsightRX database. Age and body mass index (BMI)‐based subgroups were formed to assess model performance, with predictions made iteratively. The optimal model for each age‐BMI subgroup was chosen based on predefined criteria: models were filtered for mean percentage error (MPE) ≤ 20% and normalized root mean squared error (RMSE) < 8 mg/L, and then the most accurate among them was selected.ResultsA total of 384,876 treatment courses across 155 US health systems were analyzed, contributing 841,604 TDMs. Eleven models were compared, showing varying accuracy across age‐BMI categories (41%–73%), with higher accuracy observed once TDMs were available for Bayesian estimates of individual PK parameters. Models performed more poorly in younger adults compared to older adults, and the optimal model differed depending on age‐BMI categories and prediction methods. Notably, in the a priori period, the Colin model performed best in adults aged 18–64 years across most BMI categories; the Goti/Tong model performed best in the older, non‐obese adults; and the Hughes model performed best in many of the obese categories.ConclusionOur study identifies specific vancomycin PK models that demonstrate superior predictions across age‐BMI categories in MIPD applications. Our findings underscore the importance of tailored model selection for vancomycin management, especially highlighting the need for improved models in younger adult patients. Further research into the clinical implications of model performance is warranted to enhance patient care outcomes.
Hybrid Continuum and Multi‐Particle Simulation of RDX Powder Subjected to Drop Impact
Authors: Yakaboski Otmar , Kumar Ashok V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA variety of energetic material (EM) devices could be designed more efficiently with a more rapid protocol of modeling and testing if computational tools are more predictive. Drop weight impact tester (DWIT) is widely used to experimentally study energetic material response to impact. Drop weight impact on a thin layer of RDX powder is studied here and computationally modeled to compute the likelihood of EM powder ignition from low‐speed impact. The overall objective is to develop a thermomechanical‐based FEM methodology that can qualitatively predict ignition‐likelihood to study iginition mechanics in EM powders and understand how anvil properties and striker impact conditions influence it. The mechanical confinement conditions offered by an anvil and striker type, influence energy transmission and heat localization within the energetic powder. Efficiently modeling both the bulk behavior and the mesoscopic behavior, such as, localized shear and particle‐to‐particle frictional heating, is necessary to design insensitive EM‐devices. A 3D finite element modeling (FEM) approach is described that more accurately models the impact conditions than previously developed 2D models. The results are compared with the experimental results and the 2D simulations. A continuum‐based explicit FEM can only simulate the bulk‐behavior of the powder. To accurately predict hot‐spot ignition mechanisms, meso‐scale multi‐particle models of the EM is needed. For computational efficiency, hybrid models that combines continuum and multi‐particle FEM (MPFEM) were utilized. The computed temperature profiles are compared for two anvil types and demonstrates that an assessment of ignition likelihood is viable with the hybrid methodologies proposed.
On Calabi‐Yau Manifolds at Strong Topological String Coupling
Authors: Hattab Jarod , Palti Eran 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt was recently shown that integrating out M2 states on Calabi‐Yau manifolds captures non‐perturbative topological string physics in the free energy. In this note, It has been shown that the resulting expression manifests a certain duality symmetry: the free energy at strong string coupling is equal to the Calabi‐Yau period at weak string coupling. The duality yields the appropriate prescription for completing the integrating out in the ultraviolet.
Selection and adaptation to weed management methods: implications for non‐chemical and integrated weed management approaches
Authors: Matzrafi Maor , Blank Lior , Lati Ran Nisim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHerbicide‐resistant weeds are a growing global concern, threatening food security. Non‐chemical weed management approaches are becoming increasingly important. Furthermore, the adoption of non‐conventional agricultural practices is on the rise, with regenerative farming practices aimed at rebuilding soil organic matter, restoring biodiversity, and reducing chemical use gaining traction. Consequently, non‐chemical weed management methods are seen as essential solutions. However, excessive reliance on these methods may inadvertently lead to weed selection and adaptation, reducing their effectiveness. Here, we explore the mechanisms driving changes in efficacy due to selectivity and adaptation to non‐chemical weed management practices. Additionally, we discuss potential integrated weed management (IWM) strategies that combine chemical and non‐chemical methods to mitigate the risks of weed adaptation. This study highlights the role of evolutionary processes in shaping weed adaptation to non‐chemical weed management methods and underscores the need to understand these processes to develop IWM approaches that remain effective over time. Monitoring phenological shifts and adaptations in the field should be a key component of decision support systems, tailored to the unique conditions of each site. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of weed adaptation mechanisms can enhance the efficacy of IWM strategies and help delay the inevitable adaptation to these control methods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Immunogenicity dynamics and covariate effects after satralizumab administration predicted with a hidden Markov model
Authors: Leisegang Rory , Silber Baumann Hanna E. , Lennon‐Chrimes Siân , Ito Hajime , Miya Kazuhiro , Genin Jean‐Christophe , Plan Elodie L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImmunogenicity is the propensity of a therapeutic protein to generate an immune response to itself. While reporting of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) is increasing, model‐based analysis of such data is seldom performed. Model‐based characterization of factors affecting the emergence and dissipation of ADAs may inform drug development and/or improve understanding in clinical practice. This analysis aimed to predict ADA dynamics, including the potential influence of individual covariates, following subcutaneous satralizumab administration. Satralizumab is a humanized IgG2 monoclonal recycling IL‐6 receptor antagonist antibody approved for treating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Longitudinal pharmacokinetic (PK) and ADA data from 154 NMOSD patients in two pivotal Phase 3 studies (NCT02028884, NCT02073279) and PK data from one Phase 1 study (SA‐001JP) in 72 healthy volunteers were available for this analysis. An existing population PK model was adapted to derive steady‐state concentration without ADA for each patient. A mixed hidden Markov model (mHMM) was developed whereby three different states were identified: one absorbing Markov state for non‐ADA developer, and two dynamic and inter‐connected Markov states—transient ADA negative and positive. Satralizumab exposure and body mass index impacted transition probabilities and, therefore, the likelihood of developing ADAs. In conclusion, the mHMM model was able to describe the time course of ADA development and identify patterns of ADA development in NMOSD patients following treatment with satralizumab, which may allow for the formulation of strategies to reduce the emergence or limit the impact of ADA in the clinical setting.
Community climate commons for collective climate action
Authors: Nässén Nessica , Lilja Maja , Sjöberg Stefan , Colding Johan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMitigating and adapting to climate change is a vital challenge that cannot rely solely on technology or macro policies but need also be tailored to local social and ecological contexts. As theory suggests, institutional designs that increase collective climate action could potentially speed up climate action in society. In this article we explore the concept of ‘community climate commons’ (CCCs) to foster interconnected and holistic approaches involving citizens and civil society in addressing climate change. Based on a systematic literature review, the aim is to further develop the concept of CCCs and to identify key features for the successful establishment of CCCs for the promotion of collective climate action. The results identify four key features for CCCs: (1) democratic organization with transformative leadership, (2) small group sizes with clear boundaries and existing rules‐in‐use for participation, (3) access to organizational structures, meeting places, social capital, collective identity, and social cohesion, and (4) external financial, political, and social support. In conclusion, CCCs have a real potential to foster a wider societal mobilization of collective climate action while simultaneously addressing other issues of concern in local communities.
Modeling Chronic Disease Mortality by Methods From Accelerated Life Testing
Authors: Zamsheva Marina , Kluttig Alexander , Wienke Andreas , Kuss Oliver 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWe propose a parametric model for describing chronic disease mortality from cohort data and illustrate its use for Type 2 diabetes. The model uses ideas from accelerated life testing in reliability theory and conceptualizes the occurrence of a chronic disease as putting the observational unit to an enhanced stress level, which is supposed to shorten its lifetime. It further addresses the issue of semi‐competing risk, that is, the asymmetry of death and diagnosis of disease, where the disease can be diagnosed before death, but not after. With respect to the cohort structure of the data, late entry into the cohort is taken into account and prevalent as well as incident cases inform the analysis. We finally give an extension of the model that allows age at disease diagnosis to be observed not exactly, but only partially within an interval. Model parameters can be straightforwardly estimated by Maximum Likelihood, using the assumption of a Gompertz distribution we show in a small simulation study that this works well. Data of the Cardiovascular Disease, Living and Ageing in Halle (CARLA) study, a population‐based cohort in the city of Halle (Saale) in the eastern part of Germany, are used for illustration.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Carvone Oxime Ester and Carvone Oxime Sulfonic Esters
Authors: Yang Hao , Yan Guanxiong , Zeng Guo , Chen Jiayu , Yao Hao , Jiang Hongmei , Gui Qing‐wen , Liu Xiaoying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA ZnO‐mediated benzoylation between carvone oxime and acyl is reported, enabling access to diverse carvone oxime ester and carvone oxime sulfonic esters under solvent‐free conditions. The operationally simple procedure provides a novel method for the synthesis of oxime‐ester bonds with excellent chemo selectivity. This strategy provides a mild, direct, and green approach for synthesizing carvone oxime ester in moderate to excellent yields with good substrate tolerance. In addition, carvone oxime was synthesized under solvent‐free conditions.