bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Obesity Research to Shape Obesity Policy in Minnesota: Stakeholder Insights and Feasibility of Recommendations
Authors: Jou Judy , Nanney Marilyn S. , Walker Elizabeth , Callanan Rachel , Weisman Susan , Gollust Sarah E. 
Published: August 2017

Objective:
Preventing childhood obesity requires innovative, evidence-based policy approaches. This study examines the use of research evidence by obesity policy stakeholders in Minnesota and develops pilot tools for communicating timely evidence to policymakers.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
From November 2012 to January 2013, semistructured interviews were conducted with 51 Minnesota stakeholders in childhood obesity prevention. Interviewees included 16 state legislators and staff; 16 personnel from the Minnesota Department of Education, Minnesota Department of Health, and Minnesota Department of Transportation; and 19 advocates for and against childhood obesity prevention legislation (response rate = 71%).

Main Outcome Measures:
Participants were asked their views on 3 themes: (1) Whether and how they used research evidence in their current decision-making processes; (2) barriers to using research evidence for policymaking; and (3) suggestions for improving the evidence translation process. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. A team approach to qualitative analysis was used to summarize themes, compare findings across interviewees' professional roles, and highlight unexpected findings, areas of tension, or illuminating quotes.

Results:
Stakeholders used research evidence to support policy decisions, educate the public, and overcome value-based arguments. Common challenges included the amount and complexity of research produced and limited relationships between researchers and decision makers. Responding to interviewee recommendations, we developed and assessed 2 pilot tools: a directory of research experts and a series of research webinars on topics related to childhood obesity. Stakeholders found these materials relevant and high-quality but expressed uncertainty about using them in making policy decisions.

Conclusions:
Stakeholders believe that research evidence should inform the design of programs and policies for childhood obesity prevention; however, many lack the time and resources to consult research consistently. Future efforts to facilitate evidence-informed policymaking should emphasize approaches to designing and presenting research that better meets the needs of policy and programmatic decision makers.
Identifying Overweight and Obesity in Brazilian Schoolchildren, 2014
Authors: Pozza Fernanda Seyr , Nucci Luciana Bertoldi , Enes Carla Cristina 
Published: August 2017

Context:
For any intervention in a population, we need to understand population characteristics and needs. The School Health Program (PSE) is a Brazilian national proposal for the improvement of schoolchildren's quality of life by integrating health and education areas to address vulnerabilities that affect the development of students from public schools.

Objective:
To describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents and to expound methods to evaluate the nutritional status deviation.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Schools in Itatiba, Sao Paulo, Brazil, participating in PSE.

Participants:
A total of 6829 schoolchildren aged 6 month to 15 years.

Main Outcome Measures:
Nutritional status and standard percentile curves for body mass index (BMI) for gender.

Results:
In children younger than 5 years, the prevalence of being overweight was 13.9%; for those between 5 years or older and younger than 10 years, it was 33.9%; and for those 10 years or older, it was 34.0%. In males, obesity and severe obesity were more present (10.7% and 3.7%, respectively) than in girls (9.5% and 1.9%, respectively). Regarding location, it was found that the region with the highest income showed a higher prevalence of overweight children. Compared with the World Health Organization reference BMI curves, our reference percentile curve showed a higher standard for the cutoff points between normal range and overweight.

Conclusion:
From our results, we found that age and measures of weight and height in schoolchildren could contribute, in a cheap and simple way, to the assessment of nutritional status in a region. This is helpful in providing health monitoring and assisting in making public health decisions, as well as serving in comparison with other scientific studies. Partnership between education and health systems can facilitate and improve the quality of health management among schoolchildren.
Pediatric chronic pain programs: current and ideal practice
Authors: Miró Jordi , McGrath Patrick J. , Finley G. Allen , Walco Gary A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Introduction:
The treatment of youth with chronic pain has improved in recent years. However, because pediatric chronic pain programs are not governed by international standards, the development and implementation of new initiatives may be limited.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to identify the features of programs as they exist at present and to determine what features they should have in an ideal state.

Methods:
A web-based international survey was used to collect information. The survey contained 86 questions seeking respondent professional demographic data and information about the pain program with which the respondent was affiliated at the time (program organization, types of pain problem treated, professionals involved, services provided, size of the program, research, professional training, public education and advocacy, and funding sources).

Results:
Respondents were 136 pediatric pain experts representing different specialties located in 12 countries. Most respondents indicated that ideal programs would have a multidisciplinary staff; provide a wide range of treatments for different chronic pain problems; integrate research, formal clinical training of specialists, and public education and advocacy into their activities; and be an accredited part of the public health system.

Conclusions:
The results of this survey may be useful for health care professionals interested in treating chronic pain in children and adolescents and for policy makers concerned with improving the care given to these children and their families.
Brief Report: Stigma and HIV Care Continuum Outcomes Among Ethiopian Adults Initiating ART
Authors: Hoffman Susie , Tymejczyk Olga , Kulkarni Sarah , Lahuerta Maria , Gadisa Tsigereda , Remien Robert H. , Melaku Zenebe , Nash Denis , Elul Batya 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Stigma harms the mental health of HIV-positive individuals and reduces adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), but less is known about stigma and other outcomes across the HIV care continuum.

Methods:
Among 1180 Ethiopian adults initiating ART at 6 urban HIV clinics, we examined the relationship of internalized, anticipated, and enacted stigma to HIV care-related outcomes ascertained by interview (repeat HIV-positive testing, provider vs. self-referred testing, missed clinic visit before ART initiation, eagerness to begin ART), and by abstraction of routinely collected clinical data (late ART initiation, 3-month gap in care following ART initiation). Logistic regression was used to assess the association of each type of stigma with each outcome, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results:
Scoring higher on each stigma domain was associated with 50%–90% higher odds of repeat HIV-positive testing. High internalized stigma was associated with higher odds of provider vs. self-referred test [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)high vs. low: 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3 to 2.2]. Higher anticipated stigma was associated with lower eagerness to begin ART (aORhigh vs. low: 0.55; 0.35–0.87; aORmedium vs. low: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.69). Any enacted stigma was associated with higher odds of a missed visit (aORany vs. none 1.8; 1.2–2.8). Stigma was not associated with late ART-initiation or with a subsequent gap in care.

Discussion and Conclusions:
These findings provide further evidence of the importance of measuring and addressing stigma across the entire care continuum. Future work should test hypotheses about specific stigma domains and outcomes in prospective intervention or observational studies.
The role of climatic and geological events in generating diversity in Ethiopian grass frogs (genusPtychadena)
Authors: Smith Megan L. , Noonan Brice P. , Colston Timothy J. 
Published: August 2017

Ethiopia is a world biodiversity hotspot and harbours levels of biotic endemism unmatched in the Horn of Africa, largely due to topographic—and thus habitat—complexity, which results from a very active geological and climatic history. Among Ethiopian vertebrate fauna, amphibians harbour the highest levels of endemism, making amphibians a compelling system for the exploration of the impacts of Ethiopia's complex abiotic history on biotic diversification. Grass frogs of the genusPtychadenaare notably diverse in Ethiopia, where they have undergone an evolutionary radiation. We used molecular data and expanded taxon sampling to test for cryptic diversity and to explore diversification patterns in both the highland radiation and two widespread lowlandPtychadena. Species delimitation results support the presence of nine highland species and four lowland species in our dataset, and divergence dating suggests that both geologic events and climatic fluctuations played a complex and confounded role in the diversification ofPtychadenain Ethiopia. We rectify the taxonomy of the endemicP. neumannispecies complex, elevating one formally synonymized name and describing three novel taxa. Finally, we describe two novel lowlandPtychadenaspecies that occur in Ethiopia and may be more broadly distributed.
Essential oil optimizes the susceptibility of
Callosobruchus maculatus
and enhances the nutritional qualities of stored cowpea
Vigna unguiculata
Authors: Akami Mazarin , Chakira Hamada , Andongma Awawing A. , Khaeso Kanjana , Gbaye Olajire A. , Nicolas Njintang Y. , Nukenine E.-N. , Niu Chang-Ying 
Published: August 2017

The intensive use of synthetic pesticides in cowpea storage has led to the development of resistance by
Callosobruchus maculatus
and subsequent degradation of grain quality. In an attempt to circumvent these constraints, the susceptibility of
C. maculatus
to 2,2-dichlorovinyldimethyl phosphate (DDVP) and
Lippia adoensis
essential oil (EO) was investigated and variations in the proportions of nutritional values of treated grains 150 days after storage were assessed. The survival rate was recorded after five generations. The resistance index and biochemical parameters of grains were determined. The results from this study revealed that the survival rate and resistance index significantly increased proportionally with damage in DDVP treatments (
r
= 0.889;
p
= 0.018) while in EO treatments, those values remained low without significant variations (
p
= 0.0764) throughout the generations. DDVP stored grains yielded higher crude protein values, but lower carbohydrates, tannins, phenolics and minerals compared to EO. Eighteen amino acids were detected in EO treated grains and 14 in DDVP which was devoid of albumin and prolamin.
Lippia adoensis
EO could therefore represent a safe alternative bio-pesticide to cope with insect resistance and enhance the nutritional qualities of stored cowpea seeds.
Annulus fibrosus functional extrafibrillar and fibrous mechanical behaviour: experimental and computational characterisation
Authors: Mengoni Marlène , Kayode Oluwasegun , Sikora Sebastien N. F. , Zapata-Cornelio Fernando Y. , Gregory Diane E. , Wilcox Ruth K. 
Published: August 2017

The development of current surgical treatments for intervertebral disc damage could benefit from virtual environment accounting for population variations. For such models to be reliable, a relevant description of the mechanical properties of the different tissues and their role in the functional mechanics of the disc is of major importance. The aims of this work were first to assess the physiological hoop strain in the annulus fibrosus in fresh conditions (
n
= 5) in order to extract a functional behaviour of the extrafibrillar matrix; then to reverse-engineer the annulus fibrosus fibrillar behaviour (
n
= 6). This was achieved by performing both direct and global controlled calibration of material parameters, accounting for the whole process of experimental design and
in silico
model methodology. Direct-controlled models are specimen-specific models representing controlled experimental conditions that can be replicated and directly comparing measurements. Validation was performed on another six specimens and a sensitivity study was performed. Hoop strains were measured as 17 ± 3% after 10 min relaxation and 21 ± 4% after 20–25 min relaxation, with no significant difference between the two measurements. The extrafibrillar matrix functional moduli were measured as 1.5 ± 0.7 MPa. Fibre-related material parameters showed large variability, with a variance above 0.28. Direct-controlled calibration and validation provides confidence that the model development methodology can capture the measurable variation within the population of tested specimens.
Connecting the dots across time: reconstruction of single-cell signalling trajectories using time-stamped data
Authors: Mukherjee Sayak , Stewart David , Stewart William , Lanier Lewis L. , Das Jayajit 
Published: August 2017

Single-cell responses are shaped by the geometry of signalling kinetic trajectories carved in a multidimensional space spanned by signalling protein abundances. It is, however, challenging to assay a large number (more than 3) of signalling species in live-cell imaging, which makes it difficult to probe single-cell signalling kinetic trajectories in large dimensions. Flow and mass cytometry techniques can measure a large number (4 to more than 40) of signalling species but are unable to track single cells. Thus, cytometry experiments provide detailed time-stamped snapshots of single-cell signalling kinetics. Is it possible to use the time-stamped cytometry data to reconstruct single-cell signalling trajectories? Borrowing concepts of conserved and slow variables from non-equilibrium statistical physics we develop an approach to reconstruct signalling trajectories using snapshot data by creating new variables that remain invariant or vary slowly during the signalling kinetics. We apply this approach to reconstruct trajectories using snapshot data obtained fromin silicosimulations, live-cell imaging measurements, and, synthetic flow cytometry datasets. The application of invariants and slow variables to reconstruct trajectories provides a radically different way to track objects using snapshot data. The approach is likely to have implications for solving matching problems in a wide range of disciplines.
Co-regulation of transcription by BRG1 and BRM, two mutually exclusive SWI/SNF ATPase subunits
Authors: Raab Jesse R. , Runge John S. , Spear Camarie C. , Magnuson Terry 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundSWI/SNF is a large heterogenous multi-subunit chromatin remodeling complex. It consists of multiple sets of mutually exclusive components. Understanding how loss of one sibling of a mutually exclusive pair affects the occupancy and function of the remaining complex is needed to understand how mutations in a particular subunit might affect tumor formation. Recently, we showed that the members of the ARID family of SWI/SNF subunits (ARID1A, ARID1B, and ARID2) had complex transcriptional relationships including both antagonism and cooperativity. However, it remains unknown how loss of the catalytic subunit(s) affects the binding and genome-wide occupancy of the remainder complex and how changes in occupancy affect transcriptional output.ResultsWe addressed this gap by depleting BRG1 and BRM, the two ATPase subunits in SWI/SNF, and characterizing the changes to chromatin occupancy of the remaining subunit and related this to transcription changes induced by loss of the ATPase subunits. We show that depletion of one subunit frequently leads to loss of the remaining subunit. This could cause either positive or negative changes in gene expression. At a subset of sites the sibling subunit is either retained or gained. Additionally, we show genome-wide that BRG1 and BRM have both cooperative and antagonistic interactions with respect to transcription. Importantly, at genes where BRG1 and BRM antagonise one another we observe a nearly complete rescue of gene expression changes in the combined BRG/BRM double knockdown.ConclusionThis series of experiments demonstrate that mutually exclusive SWI/SNF complexes have heterogenous functional relationships and highlights the importance of considering the role of the remaining SWI/SNF complexes following loss or depletion of a single subunit.
White Matter and Social Cognition
Authors: Wang Yin , Metoki Athanasia , Alm Kylie H. , Olson Ingrid R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThere is a growing consensus that social cognition and behavior emerge from interactions across distributed regions of the “social brain”. Social neuroscience has traditionally focused its attention on functional response properties of these gray matter networks and neglected the vital role of white matter (WM) connections in establishing such networks and their functions. In this article, we conduct a comprehensive review of prior research on structural connectivity in social neuroscience and highlight the importance of this literature in clarifying brain mechanisms of social cognition. We pay particular attention to the research on three key social processes: face processing, embodied cognition, and theory of mind, and their respective underlying neural networks. To fully identify and characterize the anatomical architecture of these networks, we further implement probabilistic tractography on a large sample of diffusion-weighted imaging data. The combination of an in-depth literature review and the empirical investigation gives us an unprecedented, well-defined landscape of WM pathways underlying major social brain networks. Finally, we discuss current problems in the field, outline suggestions for best practice in diffusion imaging data collection and analysis, and offer new directions for future research.AbbreviationsACCanterior cingulate cortexADaxial diffusivityAFarcuate fasciculusAIanterior insulaALSamyotrophic lateral sclerosisAMGamygdalaASDautism spectrum disordersATLanterior temporal lobeATRanterior thalamic radiationCCcorpus callosumCINGcingulum bundleCSTcortico-spinal tractDESdirect electrical stimulationdMPFCdorsal medial prefrontal cortexdMRIdiffusion-weighted MRIDPdevelopmental prosopagnosiaDTIdiffusion tensor imagingFAfractional anisotropyFFAfusiform face areaIFGinferior frontal gyrusIFOFinferior fronto-occipital fasciculusILFinferior longitudinal fasciculusIPLinferior parietal lobeMCImild cognitive impairmentMDmean diffusivityMPFCmedial prefrontal cortexMSmultiple sclerosisOFAoccipital face areaOFCorbitofrontal cortex face patchPCCposterior cingulate cortexPDParkinson’s diseasePPprogressive prosopagnosiaPreCprecuneusRDradial diffusivityROIregion-of-interestsMRIstructural MRISTSsuperior temporal sulcusTBSStract-based spatial statisticsToMTheory of MindTPJtemporo-parietal junctionUFuncinate fasciculusVBMvoxel based morphometryvMPFCventral medial prefrontal cortexWMwhite matter
Chilean tourism sector “B Corporations”: evidence of social entrepreneurship and innovation
Authors: Zebryte Ieva , Jorquera Hector 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address the question of how social entrepreneurs achieve the desired impact-based model of business.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative research design included semi-structured in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs of three Chilean Tourism B Corporations (B Corps), participant observation of the Latin American B Movement, and print, digital and social media clippings.

Findings
This research unearths the practices by which entrepreneurs implement their aspirations of balancing profit and social impact obligations within their business models.

Research limitations/implications
Though an intentional sample is not representative in quantitative terms, the employed research design allowed the authors to deepen the understanding of the processes which are taking place in Chile, Latin America, and on the Global scale. The authors concluded that social benefit commitment guides innovation in business models of Chilean entrepreneurs seeking to have a broader positive impact on vulnerable communities and the society at large.

Practical implications
This research shows that traditional businesses have the possibility of hybridizing management, combining the necessary organization that defines its mission with social or environmental purposes. The latter is likely to open up new markets for traditional businesses.

Social implications
Social entrepreneurship is the principal means for new generations of entrepreneurs to make changes in businesses and in vulnerable local communities through global aspirations. But the need for more open political discussion within the B Movement is clear, especially regarding the nexus between the “negative externalities” of the traditional economy and social or environmental problems which the B Corps intend to solve. Such debate would allow companies and the movement to more easily identify new courses of action.

Originality/value
This study gives account of regional nuances of social entrepreneurship and social innovation phenomena. In particular, there has been a surge of impact-oriented rather than profit-oriented innovation initiatives in neoliberal-oriented Latin American states, such as Chile. These initiatives offer us a wealth of empirical information about the development of alternative business models.
Rework in Malaysian building construction: impacts, causes and potential solutions
Authors: Yap Jeffrey Boon Hui , Low Pak Lian , Wang Chen 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Rework is detrimental to project outcomes. However, there is still a lack of attention about rework within the Malaysian construction industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of rework on schedule and cost performance, to explore the causes of rework and to propose effective measures to minimise the occurrence of rework in building construction projects in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample of 114 construction stakeholders consisting of 39 clients, 36 consultants and 39 contractors from the Klang Valley region, the authors investigated the variables on rework through a questionnaire survey. The level of importance of the causes and the potential solutions was ranked and correlated.

Findings
From the primary data analysis, the study on Malaysian building projects unveiled the cost of rework to range from 3.1 to 6.0 per cent of the project value and the schedule growth due to rework to range from 5.1 to 10.0 per cent. The significant causes of rework were identified and prioritised. The 18 causes were further categorised into five underlying dimensions by using a factor analysis. Effective rework reduction measures were also given. Finally, the relationships between the causes of rework and the potential solutions were identified using correlation tests.

Research limitations/implications
While this study is limited to rework in Malaysian building construction, rework in infrastructure projects is a potential area to discover new causes and possible solutions.

Practical implications
This paper provides insights into the effects of rework to project outcomes, causes of rework and feasible solutions in reducing rework in building construction projects.

Originality/value
Rework has been the focal point of research; however, empirical studies on rework have been under-represented in the Malaysian construction industry. This paper seeks to fill the gap by conducting an in-depth investigation on rework in the context of Malaysia.