bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stellar Abundances for Galactic Archaeology Database. IV. Compilation of stars in dwarf galaxies
Authors: Suda Takuma , Hidaka Jun , Aoki Wako , Katsuta Yutaka , Yamada Shimako , Fujimoto Masayuki Y. , Ohtani Yukari , Masuyama Miyu , Noda Kazuhiro , Wada Kentaro 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We have constructed a database of stars in Local Group galaxies using the extended version of the SAGA (Stellar Abundances for Galactic Archaeology) database that contains stars in 24 dwarf spheroidal galaxies and ultra-faint dwarfs. The new version of the database includes more than 4500 stars in the Milky Way, by removing the previous metallicity criterion of [Fe/H] ≤ −2.5, and more than 6000 stars in the Local Group galaxies. We examined the validity of using a combined data set for elemental abundances. We also checked the consistency between the derived distances to individual stars and those to galaxies as given in the literature. Using the updated database, the characteristics of stars in dwarf galaxies are discussed. Our statistical analyses of α-element abundances show that the change of the slope of the [α/Fe] relative to [Fe/H] (so-called “knee”) occurs at [Fe/H] = −1.0 ± 0.1 for the Milky Way. The knee positions for selected galaxies are derived by applying the same method. The star formation history of individual galaxies is explored using the slope of the cumulative metallicity distribution function. Radial gradients along the four directions are inspected in six galaxies where we find no direction-dependence of metallicity gradients along the major and minor axes. The compilation of all the available data shows a lack of CEMP-s population in dwarf galaxies, while there may be some CEMP-no stars at [Fe/H] ≲ −3 even in the very small sample. The inspection of the relationship between Eu and Ba abundances confirms an anomalously Ba-rich population in Fornax, which indicates a pre-enrichment of interstellar gas with r-process elements. We do not find any evidence of anti-correlations in O–Na and Mg–Al abundances, which characterizes the abundance trends in the Galactic globular clusters.
Observational study on the fine structure and dynamics of a solar jet. I. Energy build-up process around a satellite spot
Authors: Sakaue Takahito , Tei Akiko , Asai Ayumi , Ueno Satoru , Ichimoto Kiyoshi , Shibata Kazunari 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We report on a solar jet phenomenon associated with successive flares on 2014 November 10. These explosive events were involved with the satellite spots’ emergence around a δ-type sunspot in the decaying active region NOAA 12205. The data for this jet were provided by the Solar Dynamics Observatory, the X-Ray Telescope aboard Hinode, and the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph and Domeless Solar Telescope at Hida Observatory, Kyoto University. These abundant data enabled us to present this series of papers to discuss the entire process of the observed phenomena, including the energy storage, event trigger, and energy release. In this paper, we focus on the energy build-up and trigger phases, by analyzing the photospheric horizontal flow field around the active region by an optical flow method. The analysis shows the following results: (1) The observed explosive phenomena involved three satellite spots, the magnetic fluxes of which successively reconnected with their pre-existing ambient fields; (2) All of these satellite spots emerged in the moat region of a pivotal δ-type sunspot, especially near its convergent boundary with the neighboring supergranules or moat regions of adjacent sunspots; (3) Around the jet ejection site, the positive polarities of the satellite spot and adjacent emerging flux encountered the global magnetic field with a negative polarity in the moat region of the pivotal δ-type sunspot, and thus the polarity inversion line was formed along the convergent boundary of the photospheric horizontal flow channels.
Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke Under General Anesthesia: Predictors of Good Outcome
Authors: Athiraman Umeshkumar , Sultan-Qurraie Ali , Nair Bala , Tirschwell David L. , Ghodke Basavaraj , Havenon Adam D. , Hallam Danial K. , Kim Louis J. , Becker Kyra J. , Sharma Deepak 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The choice of anesthetic technique, general anesthesia (GA) versus Monitored Anesthesia Care, may impact the outcome of patients undergoing endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with good discharge outcome in patients receiving GA for AIS.

Materials and Methods:
Electronic medical records of patients above 18 years old who underwent endovascular treatment of AIS under GA at a Comprehensive Stroke Center from 2010 to 2014 were reviewed. Good outcome was defined as discharge modified Rankin Score 0 to 2 and poor outcome as modified Rankin Score 3 to 6; logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between the clinical characteristics and the outcome.

Results:
In total, 88 patients (56 males), aged 63±15 years with median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 16 (range, 4 to 38) were included. Nineteen (22%) patients had good outcome and 78 (88%) had systolic blood pressure below the guideline recommended 140 mm Hg under GA. After adjusting for age and NIHSS score, the independent predictors of good discharge outcomes were higher maximum end-tidal carbon dioxide (odds ratio [OR], 1.14; confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.28; P=0.02) and extubation after endovascular treatment (OR, 26.31; CI, 4.80-144.12; P<0.0001). A secondary analysis was performed after excluding 25 patients emergently intubated in the Emergency Department for airway protection. In the logistic regression analysis controlling for age and NIHSS score, postprocedure extubation was still associated with higher odds of good outcomes (OR, 13.35; CI, 2.58-68.90; P=0.002).

Conclusions:
These findings indicate the importance of ventilation management and extubation after endovascular intervention under GA in patients with AIS.
Interprofessional Competency Toolkit for Internationally Educated Health Professionals: Evaluation and Pilot Testing
Authors: Arain Mubashir , Suter Esther , Hepp Shelanne , Nanayakkara Shyama , Harrison Elizabeth L. , Mickelson Grace , Bainbridge Lesley , Grymonpre Ruby E. 
Published: August 2017

Introduction:
Internationally Educated Health Professionals (IEHPs) constitute a major health care workforce in Canada. Interprofessional education is particularly important for IEHPs to integrate into the Canadian health care system. We designed an online interprofessional education curriculum for IEHPs. The curriculum is designed to cover the six interprofessional competency domains defined in the Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative National Interprofessional Competency Framework. In this article, we are presenting findings from the pilot testing of the curriculum with a cohort of IEHPs and educators.

Methods:
We conducted surveys and interviews with IEHPs and educators from four provinces (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba). We aimed to include seven healthcare professionals: licensed practical nurses, registered nurses, registered psychiatric nurses, pharmacists, physicians, occupational therapists, and physical therapists. We also used a pre- post- self-assessment tool and a set of reflective questions to measure the effectiveness of the curriculum.

Results:
Thirty IEHPs and five educators reviewed the online curriculum and participated in this evaluation. Postintervention confidence scores for all items under the role clarification and patient-centered care domains increased significantly (P = <0.01) after module completion. The scores also increased for most questions in team functioning, collaborative leadership, and communication domains. The postassessment scores increased for only half of the questions in conflict management domains. Participants agreed with the appropriateness of the content in terms of language, scenarios, and cultural aspects covered in the online curriculum on interprofessional education.

Discussion:
The content of the curriculum improved IEHPs' understanding of interprofessional collaboration in Canada. The interprofessional curriculum is a creative and useful resource to improve collaborative practice among internationally educated health professionals in Canada.
Women Administered Standard Dose Imatinib for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Have Higher Dose-Adjusted Plasma Imatinib and Norimatinib Concentrations Than Men
Authors: Belsey Sarah L. , Ireland Robin , Lang Kathryn , Kizilors Aytug , Ho Aloysius , Mufti Ghulam J. , Bisquera Alessandra , De Lavallade Hugues , Flanagan Robert J. 
Published: August 2017

Background:The standard dose of imatinib for the treatment of chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is 400 mg·d−1. A predose plasma imatinib concentration of >1 mg·L−1is associated with improved clinical response. This study aimed to assess the plasma imatinib and norimatinib concentrations attained in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia administered standard doses of imatinib adjusted for dose, age, sex, body weight, and response.Methods:We evaluated data from a cohort of patients treated between 2008 and 2014 with respect to dose, age, sex, body weight, and response.Results:The study comprised 438 samples from 93 patients (54 male, 39 female). The median imatinib dose was 400 mg·d−1in men and in women. The plasma imatinib concentration ranged 0.1–5.0 mg·L−1and was below 1 mg·L−1in 20% and 16% of samples from men and women, respectively. The mean dose normalized plasma imatinib and norimatinib concentrations were significantly higher in women in comparison with men. This was partially related to body weight. Mixed effects ordinal logistic regression showed no evidence of an association between sex and plasma imatinib (P= 0.13). However, there was evidence of an association between sex and plasma norimatinib, with higher norimatinib concentrations more likely in women than in men (P= 0.02).Conclusions:Imatinib therapeutic drug monitoring only provides information on dosage adequacy and on short-term adherence; longer-term adherence cannot be assessed. However, this analysis revealed that approximately 1 in 5 samples had a plasma imatinib concentration <1 mg·L−1, which was suggestive of inadequate dosage and/or poor adherence and posed a risk of treatment failure. Higher imatinib exposure in women may be a factor in the increased rate of long-term, stable, deep molecular response (undetectable breakpoint cluster-Abelson (BCR-ABL) transcript levels with a PCR sensitivity of 4.5 log, MR4.5) reported in women.
Factors associated with reasons incontinent midlife women report for not seeking urinary incontinence treatment over 9 years across the menopausal transition
Authors: Waetjen L. Elaine , Xing Guibo , Johnson Wesley O. , Melnikow Joy , Gold Ellen B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjective:We explored factors associated with reasons that women with urinary incontinence (UI) reported for not seeking treatment for their UI from a healthcare professional and whether reasons differed by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or education.Methods:We analyzed questionnaire data collected from 1995 to 2005 in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. In visits 7 to 9, we elicited reasons that women with UI reported for not seeking treatment and condensed them into: UI not bad enough, beliefs about UI causes (UI is a normal consequence of aging or childbirth), and motivational barriers (such as feeling too embarrassed). We used Generalized Estimating Equations and ordinal logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with these reported reasons and number of reasons.Results:Of the 1,339 women reporting UI, 814 (61.0%) reported they did not seek treatment for UI. The most frequently reported reasons were as follows: “UI not bad enough” (73%), “UI is a normal part of aging” (53%), and “healthcare provider never asked” (55%). Women reporting daily UI had higher odds of reporting beliefs about UI causes (adjusted odds ratio UI 3.16, 95% CI 1.64-6.11) or motivational barriers (adjusted odds ratio UI 2.36, 95% CI 1.21-4.63) compared with women reporting less than monthly UI. We found no interactions by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or education and UI characteristics in reasons that women reported for not seeking UI treatment.Conclusions:Over half of women who did not seek treatment for their UI reported reasons that could be addressed by public health and clinical efforts to make UI a discussion point during midlife well-women visits.
A Prospective Randomized Study of Endoscopic versus Conventional Harvesting of the Radial Artery
Authors: Kiaii Bob B. , Swinamer Stuart A. , Fox Stephanie A. , Stitt Larry , Quantz Mackenzie A. , Novick Richard J. 
Published: August 2017

Objective The aims of the study were to determine whether endoscopic harvesting of the radial artery (RA) reduces morbidity due to pain, infection, and disability with improvement in satisfaction and cosmesis compared to the conventional technique and (2) to compare the 6-month angiographic patency of the RA harvested conventionally and endoscopically. Methods In a prospective randomized study, 119 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting using the RA were randomized to have RA harvested either conventionally (n = 59) or endoscopically (n = 60). Results Radial artery harvest time (open wound time) was significantly reduced in the endoscopic group (36.5 ± 9.4 vs 57.7 ± 9.4 minutes, P < 0.001). Only one patient developed wound infection (1.6%) in the endoscopic group compared with six patients (10.2%), P = 0.061, in the conventional group. Although this was not statistically significant, clinically this was relevant in terms of reduction in postoperative morbidity. Postoperative pain in the arm incision was significantly lower in the endoscopic group at postoperative day 2 ( P < 0.001) and at discharge ( P < 0.001) and similar to the conventional open group at 6 weeks’ follow-up ( P = 0.103). Overall patient satisfaction and cosmesis were significantly better in the endoscopic group at postoperative day 2 ( P < 0.001), at discharge ( P < 0.001), and at 6 weeks’ follow-up ( P < 0.001). There was no difference in the arm disability postoperatively ( P = 0.505) between the two groups. Six-month angiographic assessment of 23 patients (12 endoscopic and 11 open) revealed no difference in the patency rate (10/12 in endoscopic and 9/11 in open group). Conclusions Endoscopic RA harvesting reduced the incidence of postoperative wound infection and wound pain and improved patient satisfaction and cosmesis compared with conventional harvesting technique. There was no difference in the 6-month angiographic patency of the RA harvested conventionally and endoscopically.
Microlobectomy: A Novel Form of Endoscopic Lobectomy
Authors: Dunning Joel , Elsaegh Mohamed , Nardini Marco , Gillaspie Erin A. , Horsleben Petersen Rene , Jessen Hansen Henrik , Helsel Bryan , Naase Hatam , Kornaszewska Malgorzata , Will Malcolm B. , Walker William S. , Wigle Dennis , Haley Blackmon Shanda 
Published: August 2017

Objective Microlobectomy is a novel form of videoscopic-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy. Strict inclusion criteria consist of the following: no intercostal incisions greater than 5 mm, 12 mm subxiphoid port, subxiphoid removal of the specimen, total endoscopic technique with CO2 insufflation, vision through a 5-mm camera, stapling via the subxiphoid port, or with 5-mm stapling devices. Methods The combined early experiences of six hospitals from three countries were combined from September 2014 to May 2016. During that time, the study represents a consecutive cohort study of this technique. Results Seventy-two patients underwent microlobectomy. The median (range) age was 66 (27–82). Half of the patients were female. There were 48 right-sided resections and 24 on the left. There were four segmental resections and there was one right pneumonectomy. Four operations were performed robotically (with 8-mm intercostal incisions). The median (range) operative time was 180 (94–285) minutes and the blood loss was 118 (5–800) mL. There were three conversions to thoracotomy and two conversions to videoscopic-assisted thoracic surgery by means of an intercostal utility incision to complete the operation. The median (range)length of stay was 3(1–44) days and 30 patients (42%) when home by day 2 and 16 patients (22%) were discharged on day 1. There were no deaths. Five patients (7%) had a prolonged airleak. There were no wound infections and there was one incisional hernia. Conclusions We believe that microlobectomy is an interesting novel form of videoscopic-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy and has several theoretical advantages. We have presented our early results and hope that this will stimulate others to investigate this type of videoscopic-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy further.
Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Growth Parameters of Children With HIV Infection
Authors: Seth Anju , Malhotra Rajeev Kumar , Gupta Rohini , Chandra Jagdish , Kumar Praveen , Singh Sarita , Sharma Garima 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Children living with HIV (CLHIV) commonly experience growth failure. We report growth parameters in CLHIV at baseline and during 3 years of antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods:
Records of CLHIV who had completed at least 3 years on ART were reviewed after excluding subjects who died, were lost to follow-up or developed treatment failure to assess impact of sustained administration of ART. Height-for-age (HFA) and body mass index for age (BFA) Z scores were calculated, and proportion of CLHIV with wasting and stunting estimated at baseline, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after starting ART using the linear mixed model. Factors influencing significant changes in growth parameters were assessed.

Results:
HFA Z score improved steadily from −3.12 at baseline to −2.33 at 36 months of ART. The prevalence of stunting declined from 77.7% to 59.2% during this period. BFA Z scores improved from −1.2 at baseline to −0.4 at12 months on ART but declined to −1.0 at 36 months. The proportion of subjects with wasting was 29.3%, 9.7% and 16.7% at baseline, 12 and 36 months, respectively. Baseline clinical stage (1 + 2), absence of wasting and lower HFA Z score had significant positive influence on changes in HFA Z score, while younger age at ART initiation and a low baseline BFA Z score had a positive influence on catch-up in body mass index. Including data of children who died or developed treatment failure did not impact upon the results.

Conclusion:
Majority of CLHIV are stunted at the start of ART. ART was only partially effective in countering malnutrition and growth failure in CLHIV.
Age-dependent plasticity in endocannabinoid modulation of pain processing through postnatal development
Authors: Kwok Charlie H-T. , Devonshire Ian M. , Imraish Amer , Greenspon Charles M. , Lockwood Stevie , Fielden Catherine , Cooper Andrew , Woodhams Stephen , Sarmad Sarir , Ortori Catherine A. , Barrett David A. , Kendall David , Bennett Andrew J. , Chapman Victoria , Hathway Gareth J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Significant age- and experience-dependent remodelling of spinal and supraspinal neural networks occur, resulting in altered pain responses in early life. In adults, endogenous opioid peptide and endocannabinoid (ECs) pain control systems exist which modify pain responses, but the role they play in acute responses to pain and postnatal neurodevelopment is unknown. Here, we have studied the changing role of the ECs in the brainstem nuclei essential for the control of nociception from birth to adulthood in both rats and humans. Using in vivo electrophysiology, we show that substantial functional changes occur in the effect of microinjection of ECs receptor agonists and antagonists in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and rostroventral medulla (RVM), both of which play central roles in the supraspinal control of pain and the maintenance of chronic pain states in adulthood. We show that in immature PAG and RVM, the orphan receptor, GPR55, is able to mediate profound analgesia which is absent in adults. We show that tissue levels of endocannabinoid neurotransmitters, anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, within the PAG and RVM are developmentally regulated (using mass spectrometry). The expression patterns and levels of ECs enzymes and receptors were assessed using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. In human brainstem, we show age-related alterations in the expression of key enzymes and receptors involved in ECs function using PCR and in situ hybridisation. These data reveal that significant changes on ECs that to this point have been unknown and which shed new light into the complex neurochemical changes that permit normal, mature responses to pain.
Bleeding out the quality-adjusted life years: evaluating the burden of primary dysmenorrhea using time trade-off and willingness-to-pay methods
Authors: Rencz Fanni , Péntek Márta , Stalmeier Peep F.M. , Brodszky Valentin , Ruzsa Gábor , Gradvohl Edina , Baji Petra , Gulácsi László 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrimary dysmenorrhea (PD), or painful menstruation in the absence of identified uterine pathology, affects 5 to 9 in every 10 reproductive-aged women. Despite its high prevalence, just a few studies with very small patient numbers have focused on health-related quality of life impairment in PD. We aimed to assess health-related quality of life values for a severe and a mild hypothetical PD health state using 10-year time trade-off and willingness-to-pay methods. In 2015, a nationwide convenience sample of women, aged between 18 and 40 years, was recruited using an Internet-based cross-sectional survey in Hungary. Respondents with a known history of secondary dysmenorrhea were excluded. Data on 1836 and 160 women, with and without a history of PD, respectively, were analysed. Mean utility values for the severe and mild health states were 0.85 (median 0.95) and 0.94 (median 1), respectively. Participants were willing to pay a mean of €1127 (median €161) and €142 (median €16) for a complete cure from the severe and mild PD health states. Compared with the non-PD group, women with PD valued both health states worse according to willingness to pay (P< 0.05) but similar in the time trade-off. It seems that PD substantially contributes to the quality-adjusted life year loss in this age group, which is comparable with losses from chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes, asthma, atopic eczema, or chronic migraine. Our findings provide a useful input to cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses of PD treatments.