bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐precision 34S/32S measurements in vertebrate bioapatites using purge‐and‐trap elemental analyser/isotope ratio mass spectrometry technology
Authors: Goedert Jean , Fourel François , Amiot Romain , Simon Laurent , Lécuyer Christophe 
Published: August 2016

RationaleIn ecological studies, the sulfur isotope compositions (δ34S values) of soft tissues (e.g. hair, skin, nail, muscle, collagen) allow the determination of both past and present‐day living environments of organisms. However, technical limitations have so far prevented reliable sulfur isotope analyses of minerals having low sulfur content, such as bioapatite, which is the crystalline component of skeletal tissues. The development of ‘purge‐and‐trap’ technology in elemental analysers recently demonstrated new possibilities to solve some of those technical difficulties.MethodsWe have used a VarioPYROcube elemental analyser (EA) equipped with ‘purge‐and‐trap’ technology, interfaced in continuous flow mode to an Isoprime 100 isotope ratio mass spectrometer, to measure the sulfur isotope compositions of bioapatite samples. We first characterised a working calibrated material of chemical composition close to those of our samples, the low‐S bearing phosphorite BCR32, against the two δ34SV‐CDT reference‐calibrated materials, NBS‐127 and IAEA‐SO‐5. We have confirmed a δ34SV‐CDT value of +18.4‰ (1σ = 0.5; n = 18) in agreement with the previously published value. Using BCR32 as a compositional and isotopic reference material, we have then measured the δ34SV‐CDT values of various bioapatite tissues (bone, dentine and enamel) from both modern and fossil vertebrates living in different environments (marine, freshwater and terrestrial).ResultsOur results demonstrate the capacity of this analytical setup to measure the δ34SV‐CDT values of low‐S bioapatite samples (0.14 to 1.19 wt%) with a good analytical precision (1σ = 0.5; n = 14). Our results also show that the δ34SV‐CDT values of modern and fossil vertebrate bioapatites allow discrimination between marine environments and freshwater or terrestrial ones.ConclusionsSulfur isotope analysis of bioapatite has great potential to track the living environment of extinct vertebrates for which only fossilised bones or teeth have been preserved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“I Don't Want to Be an Ostrich”: Managing Mothers’ Uncertainty during BRCA1/2 Genetic Counseling
Authors: Fisher Carla L. , Roccotagliata Thomas , Rising Camella J. , Kissane David W. , Glogowski Emily A. , Bylund Carma L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFamilies who face genetic disease risk must learn how to grapple with complicated uncertainties about their health and future on a long‐term basis. Women who undergo BRCA 1/2 genetic testing describe uncertainty related to personal risk as well as their loved ones’, particularly daughters’, risk. The genetic counseling setting is a prime opportunity for practitioners to help mothers manage uncertainty in the moment but also once they leave a session. Uncertainty Management Theory (UMT) helps to illuminate the various types of uncertainty women encounter and the important role of communication in uncertainty management. Informed by UMT, we conducted a thematic analysis of 16 genetic counseling sessions between practitioners and mothers at risk for, or carriers of, a BRCA1/2 mutation. Five themes emerged that represent communication strategies used to manage uncertainty: 1) addresses myths, misunderstandings, or misconceptions; 2) introduces uncertainty related to science; 3) encourages information seeking or sharing about family medical history; 4) reaffirms or validates previous behavior or decisions; and 5) minimizes the probability of personal risk or family members’ risk. Findings illustrate the critical role of genetic counseling for families in managing emotionally challenging risk‐related uncertainty. The analysis may prove beneficial to not only genetic counseling practice but generations of families at high risk for cancer who must learn strategic approaches to managing a complex web of uncertainty that can challenge them for a lifetime.
Modulating the Aggregation Behavior of 1‐Methyl‐3‐Octylimidazolium Chloride by Alcohols in Aqueous Media
Authors: Pal Amalendu , Yadav Alka 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe self‐organization and aggregation behavior of a surface active ionic liquid (SAIL) 1‐methyl‐3‐octylimidazolium chloride [C8mim]Cl, was investigated in aqueous solutions of alcohols 1,2‐propanediol and 1‐propanol in different compositions using conductivity, surface tension and fluorescence measurements at room temperature. This surface active ionic liquid was synthesized by the reaction of 1‐methylimidazole with 1‐chlorooctane. Fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to get detailed insight into the local microenvironment of the aggregates, critical aggregation concentrations (CAC) and aggregation number (Nagg.). Degree of ionization (α), CAC and various thermodynamic parameters like the standard Gibbs free energy of aggregation (ΔGagg.0), standard enthalpy of aggregation (ΔHagg.0) and standard entropy of aggregation (ΔSagg.0) were calculated using conductivity measurements at different temperatures (288.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K). The surface activity of the IL in various mixed solvents was evaluated from surface tension measurements by calculating various surface parameters like the minimum surface area occupied by a single ionic liquid molecule (Amin), adsorption efficiency (pC20), maximum excess concentration at the surface (Γmax), effectiveness of surface tension reduction(ΠCAC), surface tension at CAC (γCAC), p (packing parameter) and CAC at different compositions. Increases in the CAC values were observed with the increase in the amount of alcohols which is attributed to the balancing between electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The results from different techniques show that the CAC increases with increase in the amount of the alcohol which is due to the solubilization of the IL molecules which delays the aggregation process. This shows that the spontaneity of the aggregation process of IL decreases with the increase in the concentration of alcohols in water.
Brief report on a systematic review of youth violence prevention through media campaigns: Does the limited yield of strong evidence imply methodological challenges or absence of effect?
Authors: Cassidy Tali , Bowman Brett , McGrath Chloe , Matzopoulos Richard 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe present a brief report on a systematic review which identified, assessed and synthesized the existing evidence of the effectiveness of media campaigns in reducing youth violence.MethodsSearch strategies made use of terms for youth, violence and a range of terms relating to the intervention. An array of academic databases and websites were searched.ResultsAlthough media campaigns to reduce violence are widespread, only six studies met the inclusion criteria. There is little strong evidence to support a direct link between media campaigns and a reduction in youth violence. Several studies measure proxies for violence such as empathy or opinions related to violence, but the link between these measures and violence perpetration is unclear. Nonetheless, some evidence suggests that a targeted and context‐specific campaign, especially when combined with other measures, can reduce violence. However, such campaigns are less cost‐effective to replicate over large populations than generalised campaigns.ConclusionsIt is unclear whether the paucity of evidence represents a null effect or methodological challenges with evaluating media campaigns. Future studies need to be carefully planned to accommodate for methodological difficulties as well as to identify the specific elements of campaigns that work, especially in lower and middle income countries.
Personalized Computer Simulation of Diastolic Function in Heart Failure
Authors: Amr Ali , Kayvanpour Elham , Sedaghat-Hamedani Farbod , Passerini Tiziano , Mihalef Viorel , Lai Alan , Neumann Dominik , Georgescu Bogdan , Buss Sebastian , Mereles Derliz , Zitron Edgar , Posch Andreas E. , Würstle Maximilian , Mansi Tommaso , Katus Hugo A. , Meder Benjamin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The search for a parameter representing left ventricular relaxation from non-invasive and invasive diagnostic tools has been extensive, since heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HF-pEF) is a global health problem. We explore here the feasibility using patient-specific cardiac computer modeling to capture diastolic parameters in patients suffering from different degrees of systolic HF. Fifty eight patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy have undergone thorough clinical evaluation, including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), heart catheterization, echocardiography, and cardiac biomarker assessment. A previously-introduced framework for creating multi-scale patient-specific cardiac models has been applied on all these patients. Novel parameters, such as global stiffness factor and maximum left ventricular active stress, representing cardiac active and passive tissue properties have been computed for all patients. Invasive pressure measurements from heart catheterization were then used to evaluate ventricular relaxation using the time constant of isovolumic relaxation Tau (τ). Parameters from heart catheterization and the multi-scale model have been evaluated and compared to patient clinical presentation. The model parameter global stiffness factor, representing diastolic passive tissue properties, is correlated significantly across the patient population with τ. This study shows that multi-modal cardiac models can successfully capture diastolic (dys) function, a prerequisite for future clinical trials on HF-pEF.
Meta‐analysis of the effect of acupressure on duration of labor and mode of delivery
Authors: Makvandi Somayeh , Mirzaiinajmabadi Khadigeh , Sadeghi Ramin , Mahdavian Mitra , Karimi Leila 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundAcupressure is increasing in popularity as an alternative treatment in obstetrics and gynecology.ObjectivesTo summarize and assess evidence regarding the effects of acupressure on duration of labor and mode of delivery.Search strategyFour major databases and Google Scholar were searched using terms related to labor and acupressure, without language restrictions, up to November 2015.Selection criteriaRandomized controlled trials were included if they examined the effect of acupressure at any acupoint during childbirth on duration of labor and/or mode of delivery.Data collection and analysisTwo reviewers independently extracted data. The outcome measures were duration of labor and mode of delivery. Random‐effects models were used to pool results.Main resultsThirteen studies were included in meta‐analyses. Acupressure increased the chance of vaginal delivery when compared with placebo/no intervention (odds ratio [OR] 2.329, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.348–4.024, P = 0.002; risk difference [RD] 8.9%, 95% CI 2.7%–15.0%, P = 0.005). Acupressure decreased the duration of the active phase by 1.310 hours (95% CI –1.738 to –0.882; P < 0.001) and the second stage of labor by 5.808 minutes (95% CI –1.615 to –0.807; P < 0.001).ConclusionsAcupressure could have a role in reducing the rate of cesarean delivery and decreasing the duration of labor in parturient women. However, there is a need for more reliable randomized controlled trials.
Effect of armed conflicts on humanitarian operations: Total factor productivity and efficiency of rural hospitals
Authors: Jola‐Sanchez Andres F. , Pedraza‐Martinez Alfonso J. , Bretthauer Kurt M. , Britto Rodrigo A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe study an important but widely neglected topic in humanitarian operations: armed conflicts. Specifically, this paper empirically analyzes the effect of armed conflicts on the operational performance of first‐layer response organizations. Using as a case study the Colombian conflict we investigate the effect of conflict on public rural hospitals' (i) total factor productivity, (ii) efficiency and (iii) efficiency variability. The panel data set (2007–2011) used in this study includes information at the hospital level for 163 hospitals and qualitative data collected from interviews with medical staff from the Colombian Ministry of Health and hospitals in different conflict zones. Our results indicate that armed conflict has a positive effect on total factor productivity, while it has a negative impact on hospital efficiency, and interestingly that efficiency and total factor productivity both increase in post conflict. Finally, the results show that efficiency variability is higher in peace and post‐conflict hospitals and lower in medium and severe‐conflict hospitals. These results have operations management implications and opportunities for future research related to sourcing decisions, supply chain and workforce flexibility, behavioral impacts on the workforce, and humanitarian response to conflicts.
Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Microascaceae with emphasis on synnematous fungi
Authors: Sandoval-Denis M. , Guarro J. , Cano-Lira J.F. , Sutton D.A. , Wiederhold N.P. , de Hoog G.S. , Abbott S.P. , Decock C. , Sigler L. , Gené J. 
Published: July 2016

The taxonomy of the synnematous genera Cephalotrichum, Doratomyces and Trichurus, and other related genera Gamsia, Wardomyces and Wardomycopsis, has been controversial and relies mainly on morphological criteria. These are microascaceous saprobic
fungi mostly found in air and soil and with a worldwide distribution. In order to clarify their taxonomy and to delineate generic boundaries within the Microascaceae, we studied 57 isolates that include clinical, environmental and all the available ex-type strains of a large set of
species by means of morphological, physiological and molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequence data of four loci (the ITS region, and fragments of rDNA LSU, translation elongation factor 1α and β-tubulin). The results demonstrate that Cephalotrichum, Doratomyces
and Trichurus are congeneric and the genus Cephalotrichum is accepted here with Echinobotryum as a further synonym. The genera Acaulium and Fairmania, typified by A. albonigrescens and F. singularis, respectively, are distinct from
Microascus and Scopulariopsis, Gamsia is distinct from Wardomyces, and Wardomycopsis is confirmed as a separate genus in the Microascaceae. Two new species of Cephalotrichum are described as C. brevistipitatum and C. hinnuleum.
Nine new combinations are proposed, i.e. Acaulium acremonium, A. caviariforme, Cephalotrichum asperulum, C. columnare, C. cylindricum, C. dendrocephalum, C. gorgonifer, Gamsia columbina and Wardomyces giganteus.
A neotype is designed for C. stemonitis. Lectotypes and epitypes are designated for A. acremonium, A. albonigrescens, C. gorgonifer, C. nanum and W. anomalus. Cephalotrichum cylindricum, C. microsporum,
F. singularis and Gamsia columbina are also epitypified with new specimens. Descriptions of the phenotypic features and dichotomous keys for identification are provided for accepted species in the different genera.
Holocene coastal morphologies and shoreline reconstruction for the southwestern coast of the Bohai Sea, China
Authors: Liu Yanxia , Huang Haijun , Qi Yali , Liu Xiao , Yang Xiguang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGround-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection profiles were interpreted and combined with sedimentological data to highlight the morpho-evolutionary history of the southwestern sector of the Bohai Sea. The internal structures in GPR images obtained near the Holocene maximum transgression boundary revealed concave-upward and onlap types of transgressive paleotopography. The relationship between historical courses of the Yellow River and the distribution of shell ridges at three periods (6 ka, 2 ka, and recent times) showed that the concave-upward types derived from the marine sediments overlap the fluvial sediments, and the onlap types from the marine sediments cover the coastal lagoon sediments. Based on the above paleogeographical setting, previous sea-level markers were corrected, taking into account uncertainties of their relationship to former water levels. The rates of vertical tectonic displacement, evaluated through comparison of the relative sea level (RSL) data from the GPR images and the Holocene predicted sea-level elevation, markedly affected RSL changes. The fitted RSL curves from the corrected sea-level indicators showed that the accuracy of former sea-level determinations can be improved by comparing with the maximum transgressive position of GPR detection. A topographic digital elevation model (DEM) for 6 ka is reconstructed based on the corrected data.
Rolling and Trembling of the Abdomen: Movement as a Subaltern Subject in Colonial Egypt
Authors: Faidi Maria 
Published: August 2016

Accordingly to Shay and Sellers-Young (2005) “the term “belly dance” was adopted by natives and non-natives to denote all solo dance forms from Morocco to Uzbekistan that engage the hips, torso, arms and hands in undulations, shimmies, circles and spirals.” Dance historian Curt Sachs depicted the dance as “the swinging of therectus abdominis” (Sachs 1963). This movement has been performed by many oriental dancers in the past century and has become part of the routine of oriental dancers worldwide. This movement has even named the dance “belly dance,” and become one of the most representative elements of contemporary Egyptian culture.This paper will be organized as follows: firstly, I am going to explain succinctly how I use the term “subaltern” in relation to dance and colonialism. Secondly, I am going to present the main scenarios, actors, and factors in which the rolling and trembling of the abdomen was danced, watched, desired and hated at the end of the nineteenth century, provoking strong love/hate reactions among thefin de sieclepublic. The discourse intermingles both dance and feminist analysis observing how movement constituted a metaphor of the unequal power relations between the metropolis and the colony within the particular historical context of British colonialism in Egypt.
Dance Competition Culture and Capitalism
Authors: Schupp Karen 
Published: August 2016

Long before SoYou Think You Can DanceandDance Moms, dance competitions focused on tap, jazz, contemporary, and ballet were alive and well throughout the U.S. Since the 1970s, dance competitions have served as venues for dance students to display their skills as both a team and as individuals, and as a means of profit for the individuals and corporations who run them. Dance competition culture operates on a “pay to dance” framework and belief system. By some estimates, for competitors who are deeply involved in dance competitions, the costs can easily top $1,000 per month.In many ways, more Americans are involved directly and indirectly in dance competitions than ever before, yet there has been little to no discussion of dance competition culture in relation to capitalism. The choice to participate in dance competitions affects the for-profit business models used in dance studios and is reflected in dance studios' tuition structures, required fees, and studio policies. Analyzing the economics of dance competition culture, which includes the organizations that offer dance competitions and dance conventions, the dance studios who train dancers for these events, and dance competition participants and their families, can provide valuable information about who has access to dance, and how that access reflects and shapes ideas about dance, gender, race, and class in the larger U.S. culture. As governmental support for dance continues to dwindle, it is timely to assess the financial, societal, and artistic impacts of increasing popularity of dance competition culture.
TheNewPolitical Theology of Metz: Confronting Schmitt's Decisionist Political Theology of Exclusion
Authors: Simon Derek 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe New Political Theology has always raised questions regarding the contrast implied by its qualification as “new.” The qualification “new” suggests a comparison resulting from an innovation, a departure. Precisely what comparison, is at stake? Various kinds of readings assume that the innovation of Metz's political theology is established in relation to Rahner's transcendental theology, in relation to left-Hegelian and neo-Marxist influences, or to the voices of Jewish testimony after Auschwitz. Taken alone, these lines of interpretation are valid yet insufficient, therefore potentially misleading in following the development of the New Political Theology. A different reading, therefore, proposes that Metz'sNewPolitical Theology is an effort to delegitimate and deliver an alternative to the antidemocratic and anti-Semitic political theology of Carl Schmitt. In diametric opposition to the violent identity politics of exclusion that defines Schmitt's decisionist political theology, the New Political Theology proposes an identity politics of difference, empowering responsibility for movements of justice and reconciliation in pluralistic societies through a deliberative social democracy oriented towards solidarity by the memory of the suffering of others.
Catholic Fundamentalism? Some Implications of Dominus Iesus for Dialogue and Peacemaking
Authors: May John D'Arcy 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTCan the Catholic Church be fundamentalist? Contemporary scholarship has shown that fundamentalism can take other forms than scriptural literalism. It consists in a rationalizing of traditional certainties in the face of pluralism and change. Its Catholic form could be described as “morphological,” residing in the structures of authority and power. Protestant reactions to Dominus Iesus missed the fundamentalist logic implicit in its synthesis of christology and ecclesiology. They praised the reaffirmation of Christocentrism but were dismayed that Methodists and Muslims were portrayed as inferior for essentially the same reasons. The document not only fails to reflect Vatican II's program for decentralizing authority but also overlooks the implications of Nostra Aetate 4 for interfaith dialogue. Its assertion of soteriological and theological superiority raises ethical questions. Dialogue is a religious act of welcoming the Stranger. Its refusal contains a potential for violence.
Public Theology as Civil Discourse: What Are We Talking About?
Authors: Lindsey W. D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn recent years, American theologians have debated the outer limits of the church's competence to deliver specific ethical directives on issues of such sociopolitical import as the arms race or the structure of the American economy. In the American Catholic theological community, this discussion has focused on the two pastoral letters of the U.S. bishops written in the 1980s,The Challenge of PeaceandEconomic Justice for All. Ethicists critical of the public theology of these letters, including Dennis McCann and George Weigel, have expressed concern that the documents overidentify the American bishops with the political agenda of the American left. McCann and Weigel speculate that the process of wide consultation the bishops innovated as they composed these pastorals invited contributions of marginal groups who were allowed to dominate the conversation about the nuclear question and the economy and thus to skew the pastorals' conclusions in a radical direction not characteristic of the thinking of the majority of American Catholics. McCann and Weigel propose that public theology (and the consultative process underlying pastoral letters) employ “civil discourse” as the norm—that is, that all participants in the conversation speak the language of natural law, and that this language be taught by experts. The article critiques this proposal and argues that it envisages an ostensible pluralism which will, in fact, mute the voices of the marginal and protect the interests of the assumed center.