bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FNA smears of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are superior to formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue as a source of DNA: Comparison of targeted KRAS amplification and genotyping in matched preresection and postresection samples
Authors: Hartley Christopher P. , Mahajan Aparna M. , Selvaggi Suzanne M. , Rehrauer William M. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to compare DNA yield, including normalization to nuclear area, DNA amplification functionality, and detection of KRAS mutations between matched fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens and pancreatic resections diagnostic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.METHODSA retrospective sample of 30 matched single FNA smears and macrodissected formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) curls (2 5‐μm curls) were compared by measuring the following: nuclear area (via digital image analysis), DNA yield (via NanoDrop spectrophotometry and Quantus fluorometry), and polymerase chain reaction threshold cycles for KRAS amplifications. Variants in KRAS codons 12/13 and 61 were detected by fluorescent melt curve analyses, followed by Sanger DNA sequencing.RESULTSDespite a similar nuclear area, FNA smears yielded greater DNA per nuclear area via 2 DNA quantification methods. KRAS codon 12 mutations were detected in 23 of 30 FNA specimens (77%) compared with 17 of 30 matched FFPE specimens (57%), for a concordance rate of 74%. No KRAS codon 13 or 61 mutations were detected.CONCLUSIONSFNA specimens are a more optimal source of DNA, and represent an important resource in the preresection and postresection molecular analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:838–47. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
CNS synapses are stabilized trans‐synaptically by laminins and laminin‐interacting proteins
Authors: Hunter Dale D. , Manglapus Mary K. , Bachay Galina , Claudepierre Thomas , Dolan Michael W. , Gesuelli Kelly‐Ann , Brunken William J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe retina expresses several laminins in the outer plexiform layer (OPL), where they may provide an extracellular scaffold for synapse stabilization. Mice with a targeted deletion of the laminin β2 gene (Lamb2) exhibit retinal disruptions: photoreceptor synapses in the OPL are disorganized and the retinal physiological response is attenuated. We hypothesize that laminins are required for proper trans‐synaptic alignment. To test this, we compared the distribution, expression, association and modification of several pre‐ and post‐synaptic elements in wild‐type and Lamb2‐null retinae. A potential laminin receptor, integrin α3, is at the presynaptic side of the wild‐type OPL. Another potential laminin receptor, dystroglycan, is at the post‐synaptic side of the wild‐type OPL. Integrin α3 and dystroglycan can be co‐immunoprecipitated with the laminin β2 chain, demonstrating that they may bind laminins. In the absence of the laminin β2 chain, the expression of many pre‐synaptic components (bassoon, kinesin, among others) is relatively undisturbed although their spatial organization and anchoring to the membrane is disrupted. In contrast, in the Lamb2‐null, β‐dystroglycan (β‐DG) expression is altered, co‐localization of β‐DG with dystrophin and the glutamate receptor mGluR6 is disrupted, and the post‐synaptic bipolar cell components mGluR6 and GPR179 become dissociated, suggesting that laminins mediate scaffolding of post‐synaptic components. In addition, although pikachurin remains associated with β‐DG, pikachurin is no longer closely associated with mGluR6 or α‐DG in the Lamb2‐null. These data suggest that laminins act as links among pre‐ and post‐synaptic laminin receptors and α‐DG and pikachurin in the synaptic space to maintain proper trans‐synaptic alignment.
A survey of the double‐fetch vulnerabilities
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Lu Kai , Li Gen , Zhou Xu 
Published: October 2017

SummaryRace conditions widely exist in concurrent programs, and concurrency errors caused by harmful races could lead to severe system failures. A double fetch is a typical situation when the system kernel inevitably accesses user space data multiple times, and it turns into a vulnerability when the data consistency is violated under a special race condition between kernel and user space. In this survey, we present the first (to the best of our knowledge) comprehensive study on double‐fetch vulnerabilities in the real world. Our study is based on the investigation of 91 real‐world double‐fetch vulnerabilities collected from the CVE database and other relevant reports, which covers a period of recent 12 years. Our work reveals some interesting findings on the double‐fetch vulnerabilities, ranging from the various occurrences across different kernels and system levels to the involvement of specific patterns. We also divide the consequences that are usually caused by the double‐fetch vulnerabilities into four categories and discuss each, summarize viable exploitation techniques from existing works, provide useful guidances to detect and practical strategies to prevent double‐fetch vulnerabilities.
Light‐Induced Activation of the Du Bois [RhII2(Esp)2] Catalyst for Nitrogen Atom Transfer Reactions
Authors: Farran Rajaa , Ducloiset Clémence , Buendia Julien , Vo Nhat Tam , Guillot Régis , Halime Zakaria , Dauban Philippe , Leibl Winfried , Sircoglou Marie , Aukauloo Ally 
Published: October 2017

Abstract[Rh2(Esp)2] (Esp=α,α,α′,α′‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐benzenedipropionate) is a well‐established catalyst for intra‐ and intermolecular C(sp)3−H bond amination. We have prepared and isolated complex I, [Rh2(Esp)2(NHTces)2]2−, where the catalyst bears sulfonamidate ligands (−NHTces=−NHSO3CH2CCl3) as nitrogen sources in the coordination sphere of the rhodium centre. The possibility for light activation instead of chemical activation of the [Rh2(Esp)2] catalyst and complex I is demonstrated using [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as the photosensitizer. The oxidation of the two dinuclear Rh complexes occurs through two distinct pathways. On one hand, [Rh2(Esp)2] is oxidized in a bimolecular reaction with the RuIII species formed after excitation of the photosensitizer in the presence of an electron acceptor. In contrast, the lower oxidation potential of complex I allows for its oxidation to occur directly from the excited state of the photosensitizer, helped by ion‐pair formation between the negatively charged complex I with [Ru(bpy)3]2+. The charge‐separated state of the oxidized complex I/reduced photosensitizer had a lifetime of 50 μs.
Development of a Sensor Based on Modified Carbon Paste with Com Iron(III) Protoporphyrin Immobilized on SiNbZn Silica Matrix for L‐tryptophan Determination
Authors: Nunes da Silva Daniela , Teixeira Tarley César Ricardo , Pereira Arnaldo César 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this work, SiO2/Nb2O5/ZnO prepared by the sol‐gel processing method was used as substrate base for immobilization of the protoporphyrin‐IX ion. Iron(III) ion was inserted into the porphyrin ring (SiNbZn‐PPFe). A simple square wave voltammetry method based on a composite sensor carbon paste electrode of this material,designed as EPC‐SiNbZn‐PPFe, was developed and validated successfully for the determination of L‐tryptophan (Trp). The optimum conditions were obtained by using sensor modified with 18.00 mg SiNbZn‐PPFe material, 12.00 mg graphite powder and 6.0 μL mineral oil and phosphate buffer 0.3 mol L−1 pH 7.0. The sensitivity of the sensor was found to be 0.523 AL mol −1, linear range from 10 to 70 μmol L−1 and limit of detection of 3.28 μmol L−1. Therefore, the developed method was successfully applied for the Trp determination in real samples of pharmaceutical formulation and can be used for routine quality control pharmaceutical formulations containing Trp.
Reproducibility of R‐fMRI metrics on the impact of different strategies for multiple comparison correction and sample sizes
Authors: Chen Xiao , Lu Bin , Yan Chao‐Gan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractConcerns regarding reproducibility of resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R‐fMRI) findings have been raised. Little is known about how to operationally define R‐fMRI reproducibility and to what extent it is affected by multiple comparison correction strategies and sample size. We comprehensively assessed two aspects of reproducibility, test–retest reliability and replicability, on widely used R‐fMRI metrics in both between‐subject contrasts of sex differences and within‐subject comparisons of eyes‐open and eyes‐closed (EOEC) conditions. We noted permutation test with Threshold‐Free Cluster Enhancement (TFCE), a strict multiple comparison correction strategy, reached the best balance between family‐wise error rate (under 5%) and test–retest reliability/replicability (e.g., 0.68 for test–retest reliability and 0.25 for replicability of amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF) for between‐subject sex differences, 0.49 for replicability of ALFF for within‐subject EOEC differences). Although R‐fMRI indices attained moderate reliabilities, they replicated poorly in distinct datasets (replicability < 0.3 for between‐subject sex differences, < 0.5 for within‐subject EOEC differences). By randomly drawing different sample sizes from a single site, we found reliability, sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) rose as sample size increased. Small sample sizes (e.g., < 80 [40 per group]) not only minimized power (sensitivity < 2%), but also decreased the likelihood that significant results reflect “true” effects (PPV < 0.26) in sex differences. Our findings have implications for how to select multiple comparison correction strategies and highlight the importance of sufficiently large sample sizes in R‐fMRI studies to enhance reproducibility. Hum Brain Mapp 39:300–318, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vicariously touching products through observing others' hand actions increases purchasing intention, and the effect of visual perspective in this process: An fMRI study
Authors: Liu Yi , Zang Xuelian , Chen Lihan , Assumpção Leonardo , Li Hong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe growth of online shopping increases consumers' dependence on vicarious sensory experiences, such as observing others touching products in commercials. However, empirical evidence on whether observing others' sensory experiences increases purchasing intention is still scarce. In the present study, participants observed others interacting with products in the first‐ or third‐person perspective in video clips, and their neural responses were measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We investigated (1) whether and how vicariously touching certain products affected purchasing intention, and the neural correlates of this process; and (2) how visual perspective interacts with vicarious tactility. Vicarious tactile experiences were manipulated by hand actions touching or not touching the products, while the visual perspective was manipulated by showing the hand actions either in first‐ or third‐person perspective. During the fMRI scanning, participants watched the video clips and rated their purchasing intention for each product. The results showed that, observing others touching (vs. not touching) the products increased purchasing intention, with vicarious neural responses found in mirror neuron systems (MNS) and lateral occipital complex (LOC). Moreover, the stronger neural activities in MNS was associated with higher purchasing intention. The effects of visual perspectives were found in left superior parietal lobule (SPL), while the interaction of tactility and visual perspective was shown in precuneus and precuneus‐LOC connectivity. The present study provides the first evidence that vicariously touching a given product increased purchasing intention and the neural activities in bilateral MNS, LOC, left SPL and precuneus are involved in this process. Hum Brain Mapp 39:332–343, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accounting for the role of hematocrit in between‐subject variations of MRI‐derived baseline cerebral hemodynamic parameters and functional BOLD responses
Authors: Xu Feng , Li Wenbo , Liu Peiying , Hua Jun , Strouse John J. , Pekar James J. , Lu Hanzhang , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Qin Qin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBaseline hematocrit fraction (Hct) is a determinant for baseline cerebral blood flow (CBF) and between‐subject variation of Hct thus causes variation in task‐based BOLD fMRI signal changes. We first verified in healthy volunteers (n = 12) that Hct values can be derived reliably from venous blood T1 values by comparison with the conventional lab test. Together with CBF measured using phase‐contrast MRI, this noninvasive estimation of Hct, instead of using a population‐averaged Hct value, enabled more individual determination of oxygen delivery (DO2), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). The inverse correlation of CBF and Hct explained about 80% of between‐subject variation of CBF in this relatively uniform cohort of subjects, as expected based on the regulation of DO2 to maintain constant CMRO2. Furthermore, we compared the relationships of visual task‐evoked BOLD response with Hct and CBF. We showed that Hct and CBF contributed 22%–33% of variance in BOLD signal and removing the positive correlation with Hct and negative correlation with CBF allowed normalization of BOLD signal with 16%–22% lower variability. The results of this study suggest that adjustment for Hct effects is useful for studies of MRI perfusion and BOLD fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp 39:344–353, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mapping the sequence of brain events in response to disgusting food
Authors: Pujol Jesus , Blanco‐Hinojo Laura , Coronas Ramón , Esteba‐Castillo Susanna , Rigla Mercedes , Martínez‐Vilavella Gerard , Deus Joan , Novell Ramón , Caixàs Assumpta 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWarning signals indicating that a food is potentially dangerous may evoke a response that is not limited to the feeling of disgust. We investigated the sequence of brain events in response to visual representations of disgusting food using a dynamic image analysis. Functional MRI was acquired in 30 healthy subjects while they were watching a movie showing disgusting food scenes interspersed with the scenes of appetizing food. Imaging analysis included the identification of the global brain response and the generation of frame‐by‐frame activation maps at the temporal resolution of 2 s. Robust activations were identified in brain structures conventionally associated with the experience of disgust, but our analysis also captured a variety of other brain elements showing distinct temporal evolutions. The earliest events included transient changes in the orbitofrontal cortex and visual areas, followed by a more durable engagement of the periaqueductal gray, a pivotal element in the mediation of responses to threat. A subsequent core phase was characterized by the activation of subcortical and cortical structures directly concerned not only with the emotional dimension of disgust (e.g., amygdala‐hippocampus, insula), but also with the regulation of food intake (e.g., hypothalamus). In a later phase, neural excitement extended to broad cortical areas, the thalamus and cerebellum, and finally to the default mode network that signaled the progressive termination of the evoked response. The response to disgusting food representations is not limited to the emotional domain of disgust, and may sequentially involve a variety of broadly distributed brain networks. Hum Brain Mapp 39:369–380, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How and why do countries differ in their governance and financing‐related administrative expenditure in health care? An analysis of OECD countries by health care system typology
Authors: Hagenaars Luc L. , Klazinga Niek S. , Mueller Michael , Morgan David J. , Jeurissen Patrick P.T. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIntroductionAdministration is vital for health care. Its importance may increase as health care systems become more complex, but academic attention has remained minimal. We investigated trends in administrative expenditure across OECD countries, cross‐country spending differences, spending differences between health care system typologies, and differences in the scale and scope of administrative functions across typologies.MethodsWe used OECD data, which include health system governance and financing‐related administrative activities by regulators, governance bodies, and insurers (macrolevel), but exclude administrative expenditure by health care providers (mesolevel and microlevel).ResultsWe find that governance and financing‐related administrative spending at the macrolevel has remained stable over the last decade at slightly over 3% of total health spending. Cross‐country differences range from 1.3% of health spending in Iceland to 8.3% in the United States. Voluntary private health insurance bears much higher administrative costs than compulsory schemes in all countries. Among compulsory schemes, multiple payers exhibit significantly higher administrative spending than single payers. Among single‐payer schemes, those where entitlements are based on residency have significantly lower administrative spending than those with single social health insurance, albeit with a small difference.DiscussionThese differences can partially be explained because multi‐payer and voluntary private health insurance schemes require additional administrative functions and enjoy less economies of scale. Studies in hospitals and primary care indicate similar differences in administrative costs across health system typologies at the mesolevel and microlevel of health care delivery, which warrants more research on total administrative costs at all the levels of health systems.
Remodeling- and Modeling-Based Bone Formation With Teriparatide Versus Denosumab: A Longitudinal Analysis From Baseline to 3 Months in the AVA Study
Authors: Dempster David W , Zhou Hua , Recker Robert R , Brown Jacques P , Recknor Christopher P , Lewiecki E Michael , Miller Paul D , Rao Sudhaker D , Kendler David L , Lindsay Robert , Krege John H , Alam Jahangir , Taylor Kathleen A , Melby Thomas E , Ruff Valerie A 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

There has been renewed interest of late in the role of modeling-based formation (MBF) during osteoporosis therapy. Here we describe early effects of an established anabolic (teriparatide) versus antiresorptive (denosumab) agent on remodeling-based formation (RBF), MBF, and overflow MBF (oMBF) in human transiliac bone biopsies. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis received subcutaneous teriparatide (n = 33, 20 μg/d) or denosumab (n = 36, 60 mg once/6 months), open-label for 6 months at 7 US and Canadian sites. Subjects received double fluorochrome labeling at baseline and before biopsy at 3 months. Sites of bone formation were designated as MBF if the underlying cement line was smooth, RBF if scalloped, and oMBF if formed over smooth cement lines adjacent to scalloped reversal lines. At baseline, mean RBF/bone surface (BS), MBF/BS, and oMBF/BS were similar between the teriparatide and denosumab groups in each bone envelope assessed (cancellous, endocortical, periosteal). All types of formation significantly increased from baseline in the cancellous and endocortical envelopes (differences p &lt; 0.001) with teriparatide (range of changes 2.9- to 21.9-fold), as did MBF in the periosteum (p &lt; 0.001). In contrast, all types of formation were decreased or not significantly changed with denosumab, except MBF/BS in the cancellous envelope, which increased 2.5-fold (difference p = 0.048). These data highlight mechanistic differences between these agents: all 3 types of bone formation increased significantly with teriparatide, whereas formation was predominantly decreased or not significantly changed with denosumab, except for a slight increase in MBF/BS in the cancellous envelope. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Prenatal sonographic monitoring of progressive cardiac damages caused by anti‐Ro antibodies: A case report
Authors: Tongprasert Fuanglada , Sittiwangkul Rekwan , Lerthiranwong Thitikarn , Tongsong Theera 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMaternal autoantibodies to Ro/SSA are often linked to congenital heart block and rarely associated with structural defects. We describe the case of a fetus with anti‐Ro‐mediated second‐degree block at 19 weeks, which progressed to a complete block, fibroelastosis, atrioventricular valve insufficiency, and semilunar valve stenosis/insufficiency at 20, 22, 24, and 26 weeks, respectively, although the fetus received transplacental anti‐arrhythmic drugs. The 2150‐g fetus was vaginally delivered at 35 weeks. An external pacemaker was inserted immediately after birth and replaced with permanent pacemaker at the age of 3 months. The newborn has had a good outcome with well‐controlled heart rate.
Different influences on the tropical Pacific SST gradient from natural and anthropogenic forcing
Authors: Ning Liang , Liu Jian , Wang Zhiyuan , Bradley Raymond S. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe influences of natural forcings (i.e. solar radiation and volcanic aerosol) and anthropogenic forcings (i.e. greenhouse gases) on the tropical Pacific zonal sea‐surface temperature (SST) gradient are investigated through numerical sensitivity experiments, forced by natural forcing, anthropogenic forcing, or full forcing (both natural and anthropogenic forcing) using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) over the past two millennia. Under full forcing, during the present warming period (PWP; 1901–1999), the Pacific SST shows a larger warming over the tropical Pacific region than the subtropical Pacific region. This pattern is composed of an El Niño‐like SST gradient (due to the greenhouse gas forcing) and a La Niña‐like SST gradient (due to natural forcing). Two sensitivity experiments, the PWP under greenhouse gas forcing and the medieval warming period (MWP; 751–1250) under natural forcing, were used to examine the mechanisms. The results showed that under the greenhouse gas forcing, the larger warming over the eastern tropical Pacific is induced by an increased surface net heat flux, which is mainly caused by short‐wave radiation and long‐wave radiation. Under natural forcing, a larger warming is induced over the western tropical Pacific by changes in the ocean vertical heat transportation, caused by surface wind anomalies.
Elevation‐dependent effects of climate change on vegetation greenness in the high mountains of southwest China during 1982–2013
Authors: Tao Jian , Xu Tongqing , Dong Jinwei , Yu Xiuqin , Jiang Yanbin , Zhang Yangjian , Huang Ke , Zhu Juntao , Dong Jianxin , Xu Yimin , Wang Shusheng 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTEffects of climate change on vegetation greenness have attracted considerable attention in the context of global change; however, the dependence of such climatic effects on elevation remains poorly understood. In this study, we examine the relationship between vegetation greenness change and climate change and, in particular, characterize how this relationship changes with elevation in the high mountains of southwest China by using the remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and observed temperature and precipitation data sets for the period of 1982–2013. The results show that vegetation exhibited a greening trend (slope: 0.0008 year−1, p < 0.01) under climate warming (slope: 0.04 °C year−1, p < 0.01) and drying (slope: −2.47 mm year−1, p > 0.05). The vegetation greening and climate warming trends were stronger in the higher elevation plateaus than in the lower elevation mountains. Statistical analysis showed that temperature was the main driving factor on vegetation greening, and the driving effect was elevation‐dependent. A substantially more significant correlation between climate warming and vegetation greening was found in the higher elevation plateaus, which reveals a higher temperature sensitivity of these plateaus. In addition, a significant correlation between inter‐annual standard deviations of NDVI and precipitation during 1982–2013 was tracked over the entire study area.