bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attractants for management of the pine sawyer beetle Monochamus sutor, a potential vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Pajares J. A. , Álvarez G. , Hall D. R. , Ibarra N. , Hoch G. , Halbig P. , Cocoş D. , Johansson H. , Schroeder M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMonochamus sutor (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a secondary wood borer that has been hypothesized as capable of transmitting Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). This fact supposes a risk of spread of PWD over Europe and has created an urgent need for effective tools to detect and monitor both the nematode and the insect species that vectors it. Recent reporting of 2‐undecyloxy‐1‐ethanol as the M. sutor male‐produced aggregation pheromone has opened the possibility of developing an efficient lure for this species. It is known that some European bark beetle pheromone compounds and host volatiles kairomonally attract this species. Besides, smoke volatiles from burnt trees might play a role in M. sutor host location. In this work, field trapping experiments during 3 years in three countries (Spain, Sweden and Austria), aimed to develop an efficient pheromone‐kairomone lure operative for M. sutor management were carried out. Electroantennographic responses by M. sutor to Ips pheromones and to the Pityogenes chalcographus pheromone chalcogran were also studied. GC‐EAG recording showed that M. sutor males and females clearly responded to ipsenol and ipsdienol, and females also responded to 2‐methyl‐3‐buten‐2‐ol. Chalcogran elicited a response to M. sutor female antennae. In field tests, ipsenol was the most attractive kairomone to both sexes of M. sutor, whereas ipsdienol, cis‐verbenol and 2‐methyl‐3‐buten‐2‐ol were attractive and chalcogran was unattractive. When combined with the pheromone, most bark beetle kairomones increased catches of both sexes although chalcogran was completely ineffective. Thus, ipsenol was the strongest individual kairomone for M. sutor and the best single kairomone to be combined with the pheromone. Smoke volatile blends tested in Spain and Austria did not elicit responses, suggesting that these compounds are likely not involved in host finding by this species.
Associations Between Asthma Control and Airway Obstruction and Performance of Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults with Asthma
Authors: Woods Eric C. , O'Conor Rachel , Martynenko Melissa , Wolf Michael S. , Wisnivesky Juan P. , Federman Alex D. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the effect of asthma on functional limitations of older adults in the United States.DesignAnalyses were conducted with data from the Asthma Beliefs and Literacy in the Elderly study, a prospective cohort study of people aged 60 and older with asthma.SettingParticipants were recruited from urban primary care and pulmonary specialty practices in New York City and Chicago between 2010 and 2012.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older with asthma (380 women, 72 men, mean age 67.5 ± 6.8 (range 60–98), 40% Latino, 30% black).MeasurementsCharacteristics of participants with and without activity of daily living (ADL) limitations were compared using the chi‐square test. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the relationships between poor asthma control (Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score >1.5) and severity of airway obstruction (forced expiratory volume in 1‐second (FEV1)) and number of ADL limitations.ResultsParticipants with one or more ADL limitations were more likely to be female (90% vs 81%, P = .02) and Latino (58% vs 32%, P < .001), have less than a high school education (53% vs 27%, P < .001) and an income of $1,350 per month or less (79% vs 46%, P < .001), and be unmarried (78% vs 64%, P = .003). In the adjusted analysis, poorer ACQ scores (odds ratio (OR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0–2.4; P = .05) but not severity of airway obstruction (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.6–1.9) was associated with greater ADL limitations.ConclusionOlder adults reporting poor asthma control are more likely to have ADL limitations than those with controlled asthma, although one‐time spirometry may not adequately identify those at risk of physical impairment from asthma.
Behavioral Interventions in Six Dimensions of Wellness That Protect the Cognitive Health of Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Strout Kelley A. , David Daniel J. , Dyer Elizabeth J. , Gray Roberta C. , Robnett Regula H. , Howard Elizabeth P. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo systematically identify, appraise, and summarize research on the effects of behavioral interventions to prevent cognitive decline in community‐dwelling older adults using a holistic wellness framework.DesignSystematic review of randomized controlled trials that tested the effectiveness of behavioral interventions within each of the six dimensions of wellness: occupational, social, intellectual, physical, emotional and spiritual. Databases searched included PubMed MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ALOIS, and The Grey Literature Report through July 1, 2014.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older (N = 6,254).MeasurementsConsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Checklist.ResultsEighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Interventions in the physical dimension of wellness were most common (11 studies); interventions in the spiritual dimension were least common (0 studies). Fifty‐nine different measures were used to measure multiple cognitive domains, with memory being the most commonly measured (17 studies) and language being the least commonly measured (5 studies). Fifty percent of the interventions examined in the 18 studies demonstrated statistically significant outcomes on at least one cognitive measure. Interventions in the intellectual dimension that examined cognitively stimulating activities using pen and paper or a computer represented the greatest percentage of statistically significant outcomes.ConclusionIntellectual and physical interventions were most studied, with varied results. Future research is needed using more‐consistent methods to measure cognition. Researchers should include the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery among measurement tools to facilitate effective data harmonization, pooling, and comparison.
The image of nursing: A glimpse of the Internet
Authors: Koo Malcolm , Lin Shih‐Chun 
Published: May 2016

AimAn inaccurate image of the nursing profession can negatively affect staff recruitment, resource allocation, and the perception of nursing professionalism. Previous research has investigated how nurses were portrayed in the traditional media but relatively little is known from the perspective of the Internet. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore how the nursing profession is portrayed on the Internet by using two popular sources of photographic images.MethodsThe first 100 images that were obtained using the search term “nurse” on Google Images and Shutterstock were analyzed. The distribution of the image attributes between the two websites was compared with Fisher's exact test. The text description of the images that were obtained from Shutterstock also was analyzed.ResultsIn the 171 images with at least one nurse in them, the nurses were predominately female (91%). The facial expression of the nurses was mostly smiling (85%) and 68% of the nurses had a stethoscope. For those with their hands visible in the images, 39% were holding documents, writing boards, or tablet computers and 29% were shown touching patients. Only 7% were depicted as using medical devices.ConclusionsWhile most of the nursing images were relatively professional‐looking, the nurses were portrayed only as engaging in comforting patients and recording data. Nurses who were engaged in clinical tasks or scientific activities, such as research, were absent in the portrayals. A plan needs to be developed to accurately and comprehensively represent the nursing profession on the Internet.
Effect of Brassica Biofumigant Amendments on Different Stages of the Life Cycle of Phytophthora cinnamomi
Authors: Ríos Pedro , Obregón Sara , de Haro Antonio , Fernández‐Rebollo Pilar , Serrano María‐Socorro , Sánchez María‐Esperanza 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi causes a highly destructive root rot that affects numerous hosts. Integrated management strategies are needed to control P. cinnamomi in seminatural oak rangelands. We tested how biofumigation affects crucial stages of the pathogen's life cycle in vitro, in infested soils under laboratory conditions and in planta. Different genotypes of three potential biofumigant plant species (Brassica carinata, Brassica juncea, Brassica napus) were collected at different phenological stages, analysed for their glucosinolate contents, and subsequently tested. The most effective genotypes against mycelial growth and sporangial production were further tested on the viability of chlamydospores in artificially infested natural soils and in planta on Lupinus luteus, a host highly susceptible to P.cinnamomi. Brassica carinata and B. juncea genotypes inhibited mycelial growth, decreased sporangial production, and effectively inhibited the viability of chlamydospores in soil, but only B. carinata decreased disease symptoms in plants. Effective genotypes of Brassica had high levels of the glucosinolate sinigrin. Biofumigation with Brassica plants rich in sinigrin has potential to be a suitable tool for control of oak root disease caused by P. cinnamomi in Spanish oak rangeland ecosystems.
Influence of Milk and Milk‐Born Active Peptide Addition on Textural and Sensory Characteristics of Noodle
Authors: Li Zhicheng , Li Wenhao , Gao Peipei , Hu Yayun , Zan Linsen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe effects of milk and milk protein‐derived active peptide at various concentration additions on textural, cutting firmness and tensile strength properties, and sensory quality of wheat flour based noodles were investigated. Two types of additive were added to the flour at a mixture ratio of milk 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20% (w/w), and active peptide 5.44, 6.80, 8.16, 9.52 and 10.92 mg/100 g. Each treatment was analyzed and compared with a 100% flour noodle as a control. With increasing milk and active peptide ratios, the hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness, gumminess and resilience of uncooked noodles decreased. The noodle hardness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience of the cooked noodles increased with increasing milk and peptide ratios, from that in the control. Addition of milk and peptide greatly increased the tensile strength during stretching and firmness during compressing of cooked and uncooked noodles. Sensory evaluation indicated that addition of milk and milk active peptide could enhance the overall acceptability of cooked noodles, and 12% (w/w) milk and 6.80 mg/100 g peptide, respectively, could be recommended to add during the noodles producing. This study may stimulate further interest in using milk and milk‐born active peptide ingredients in developing healthy staple foods.Practical ApplicationsThis research showed a novel way to incorporate nutritional and functional components in noodle formulation, and the fresh type of noodle can meet the consumers demand as a functional staple food. In addition, the addition of milk and active peptides into noodles could improve the quality of noodles, increase its nutrition value and function, which is important for people who dislike direct consumption of milk and dairy products in undeveloped countries and regions.
Determinants of stunting reduction in Ethiopia 2000 – 2011
Authors: Woodruff Bradley A. , Wirth James P. , Bailes Adam , Matji Joan , Timmer Arnold , Rohner Fabian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe prevalence of stunting in Ethiopia declined from 57% in 2000 to 44% in 2011, yet the factors producing this change are not fully understood. Data on 23,999 children 0–59 months of age from three Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 2000, 2005, and 2011 were analyzed to assess the trends in stunting prevalence, mean height‐for‐age z‐scores (HAZ) and the associations between potential factors and HAZ. Associations were determined separately using three separate generalized linear models for children age less than 6 months, 6–23 months, and 24–59 months of age. Significant variables were then analyzed to determine if they showed an overall trend between the 2000 and 2011 surveys. In children < 6 months of age, only mother's height was both a significant predictor of HAZ and showed a progressive, albeit non‐significant, increase from 2000 to 2011. In children 6–23 months of age, only mother's use of modern contraception showed substantial changes in a direction consistent with improving HAZ, but improvements in maternal nutrition status were observed from 2000 to 2005. For children 24–59 months of age a consistent and progressive change is seen in child's diarrhea, fever, mother's education, and the occurrence of open defecation. Our analysis demonstrated that factors associated with HAZ vary by child's age and the dominant livelihood practice in the community. Variables that could have contributed to the decline of stunting in Ethiopia in children less than 5 years of age include markers of child health, mother's nutritional status, mother's educational level, and environmental hygiene.
Genomic signatures of rapid adaptive evolution in the bluespotted cornetfish, a Mediterranean Lessepsian invader
Authors: Bernardi Giacomo , Azzurro Ernesto , Golani Daniel , Miller Michael Ryan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBiological invasions are increasingly creating ecological and economical problems both on land and in aquatic environments. For over a century, the Mediterranean Sea has steadily been invaded by Indian Ocean/Red Sea species (called Lessepsian invaders) via the Suez Canal, with a current estimate of ~450 species. The bluespotted cornetfish,Fistularia commersonii, considered a ‘Lessepsian sprinter’, entered the Mediterranean in 2000 and by 2007 had spread through the entire basin from Israel to Spain. The situation is unique and interesting both because of its unprecedented rapidity and by the fact that it took this speciesc. 130 years to immigrate into the Mediterranean. Using genome scans, with restriction site‐associatedDNA(RAD) sequencing, we evaluated neutral and selected genomic regions for Mediterranean vs. Red Sea cornetfish individuals. We found that few fixed neutral changes were detectable among populations. However, almost half of the genes associated with the 47 outlier loci (potentially under selection) were related to disease resistance and osmoregulation. Due to the short time elapsed from the beginning of the invasion to our sampling, we interpret these changes as signatures of rapid adaptation that may be explained by several mechanisms including preadaptation and strong local selection. Such genomic regions are therefore good candidates to further study their role in invasion success.
Challenges and opportunities for measuring the impact of a nutrition programme amongst young people at risk of food insecurity: A pilot study
Authors: Barbour L. R. , Ho M. Y. L. , Davidson Z. E. , Palermo C. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFood insecurity in Australia is increasing. Organisations within the charitable food sector aim to manage, and in some cases are implementing strategies to prevent, food insecurity, such as food literacy programmes. This pilot study describes the challenges and opportunities for evaluating the impact of a food literacy programme, FoodMate by SecondBite™, which aims to reduce food insecurity amongst ‘at risk’ young people. Three community agencies working with ‘at risk’ young people delivered an 8‐week food literacy programme in Melbourne, Australia. A pre‐test/post‐test design was used and outcome measures included: (i) food intake, (ii) diet quality, (iii) cooking confidence and (iv) food independence. These were assessed via questionnaires and 24‐hour recalls at three time points: pre‐programme (T1), post‐programme (T2) and at 4 to 6‐week follow‐up (T3). Twenty‐one young people aged 16–25 years participated in this pilot study. The response rate for the questionnaire and 24‐hour recalls declined across the study: T1 (n = 21), T2 (n = 11) and T3 (n = 9). Some positive effects were associated with the programme but attrition rates were high and the majority of participants did not complete all measures. Although results were inconclusive, this study describes some common challenges of conducting a food literacy intervention with vulnerable young people and highlights the benefit of nutrition researchers and practitioners working together to conduct evaluation of such programmes.
Good Nutrition for Cancer Recovery – a nutritional resource for the treatment of cancer‐induced weight loss
Authors: Ní Bhuachalla É. , O’ Connor A. , Healy J. , Dwyer F. , Ryan A. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCancer‐induced weight loss is a debilitating condition which affects 31–87% of patients with cancer and is recognised to be a negative prognostic indicator for a range of malignancies. Although intensive nutritional intervention has been shown to play a beneficial role in weight stabilisation, one‐to‐one dietetic counselling is not available for all patients. The aim of the ‘Good Nutrition for Cancer Recovery’ initiative was to produce an Irish resource that translates clinical nutrition recommendations into simple information and nutritious recipes appropriate for patients with cancer‐induced weight loss. High‐protein, high‐energy recipe guidelines, based on recommendations for nutritionally vulnerable patients, were developed and distributed to all members of the Irish Nutrition and Dietetic Institute, specialist oncology dietitians and nurses, patients and carers, as well as professional chefs from across Ireland. The resulting recipes were analysed and professional chefs consulted in order to optimise the nutritional composition of these meals. This process resulted in a 120‐page resource for patients with cancer‐induced weight loss, containing nutrition information, advice and a bank of nourishing recipes. Recipes were enriched and portion sizes adjusted to ensure that meals were nutrient dense and appropriate in size for patients with small appetites. Nineteen thousand copies of the resource were printed and distributed to >74 locations and made available to patients free of charge. An extensive outreach campaign was launched in order to disseminate the information to all relevant stakeholders. This extensive resource is now widely available to facilitate patients in achieving the energy and protein levels required to attenuate cancer‐induced weight loss.
Physician and Patient Survey of Taper Schedule and Family Physician Letters Following Discharged from the Acute Pain Service
Authors: Friedman Zeev , Arzola Cristian , Postonogova Tetyana , Malavade Archana , Siddiqui Naveed T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeFollowing discharge, patients requiring high opioid doses may be at risk for both under‐ and overdosing, posing a major challenge to community physicians. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness and degree of satisfaction with a personalized taper schedule and physician letter through interviews of patients and physicians.MethodsThis was a 1‐year prospective study. Following ethics approval and informed written consent, patients admitted for elective surgery, 18 to 60 years of age, receiving opioid analgesics, were recruited. Prior to discharge, the acute pain service team provided patients with a taper schedule explained in detail. Individualized physician letters were faxed to treating family physicians. Patients were contacted by phone 2, 4, and 6 weeks after discharge. Physicians were contacted once, a month after discharge. Patients and physicians were asked to grade the taper schedule on a 1‐ to 5‐point Likert scale. Questions pertained to clarity, usefulness, ability to follow the instructions, and general satisfaction.ResultsTwenty‐six patients and 21 physicians completed the study. Physicians were generally satisfied with both the taper schedule and letter and rated all aspects between 3.76 and 4.38 of 5. Similarly, patients were satisfied with the taper schedule and rated all aspects between 4.08 and 4.5.ConclusionsBoth physicians and patients generally found the taper schedule and letter helpful in assisting them to taper off their opioid use. This is one way of bridging the gap in continuity of care between the acute and primary care providers while reducing the risk to patients during the transition period.
Regionalization of Multiscale Spatial Processes by Using a Criterion for Spatial Aggregation Error
Authors: Bradley Jonathan R. , Wikle Christopher K. , Holan Scott H. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe modifiable areal unit problem and the ecological fallacy are known problems that occur when modelling multiscale spatial processes. We investigate how these forms of spatial aggregation error can guide a regionalization over a spatial domain of interest. By ‘regionalization’ we mean a specification of geographies that define the spatial support for areal data. This topic has been studied vigorously by geographers but has been given less attention by spatial statisticians. Thus, we propose a criterion for spatial aggregation error, which we minimize to obtain an optimal regionalization. To define the criterion we draw a connection between spatial aggregation error and a new multiscale representation of the Karhunen–Loève expansion. This relationship between the criterion for spatial aggregation error and the multiscale Karhunen–Loève expansion leads to illuminating theoretical developments including connections between spatial aggregation error, squared prediction error, spatial variance and a novel extension of Obled–Creutin eigenfunctions. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through an analysis of two data sets: one using the American Community Survey and one related to environmental ocean winds.
Unmet needs in young adults with a parent with a chronic condition: a mixed‐method investigation and measure development study
Authors: Nicholls Wendy , Patterson Pandora , McDonald Fiona E.J. , Hulbert‐Williams Nicholas J. 
Published: May 2016

RationaleGiven the high number of young adults caring for a family member, and the potential for adverse psychosocial outcomes, there is a need for a screening tool, with clinical utility, to identify those most vulnerable to poor outcomes and to aid targeted interventions.Objectives(i) To determine whether current knowledge from cancer literature regarding young carers is generalisable to chronic conditions and, therefore, whether an existing screening tool could be adapted for this population. (ii) To develop a measure of unmet needs in this population and conduct initial psychometric analysis.DesignThis was mixed method; interviews in study one informed measure development in study two. Inclusion criteria were as follows: having a parent with a chronic condition and being aged 16–24 years. In study 1, an interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted on interviews from seven young adults (age range 17–19 years). Study 2 explored factor structure, reliability and validity of the Offspring Chronic Illness Needs Inventory (OCINI). Participants were 73 females and 34 males (mean ages 18.22, SD = 1.16; 18.65, SD = 1.25).Main outcome measuresOCINI, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, and the Adult Carers Quality of Life Scale.ResultsInterviews communicated that the impact of their parent's condition went unacknowledged and resulted in psychosocial, support and informational needs. An exploratory principal axis analysis of the OCINI yielded five factors. Significant and positive correlations were found between unmet needs and stress, anxiety, and depression, and inversely with quality of life.ConclusionsThe scale has applications in clinical settings where these young people, who are at risk of negative psychological outcomes, may be assessed and unmet needs targeted appropriately.