bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous timing of extension and basin formation in the South Rhodope core complex, SW Bulgaria, and northern Greece
Authors: Stübner Konstanze , Drost Kerstin , Schoenberg Ronny , Böhme Madelaine , Starke Jessica , Ehlers Todd A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUpper crustal extensional structures range from steep normal faults to shallow‐dipping detachments. The relationship between extension and formation of synkinematic hanging wall basins including their relative timing is not well understood. The South Rhodope core complex, Southern Balkans, has experienced extension for >40 Ma leading to a number of extensional structures and Cenozoic sedimentary basins. We present new bedrock and basin detrital zircon and apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He ages from the Pirin and Rila Mountains and the Sandanski basin. Results identify three episodes of Cenozoic extension in SW Bulgaria accommodated by (1) the Eocene/Oligocene Mesta detachment; (2) the early to middle Miocene Gorno Spanchevo fault (circa 18–15 Ma), which is the northern prolongation of the Strymon low‐angle detachment; and (3) the late Miocene West Pirin fault (≤10 Ma). Detachment faulting on the Strymon fault accommodated tens of kilometers of ENE‐WSW extension and created ~1500 m topographic relief, but because the resulting hillslopes were gentle (≤10°), extension did not lead to enhanced footwall erosion or formation of a hanging wall basin. In contrast, the West Pirin normal fault resulted in mostly vertical motion of its footwall causing steep topography, rapid erosion, and formation of the synrift Sandanski basin. Digital topographic analysis of river channel profiles identifies the latest episodes of deformation including westward tilting of the Sandanski and Strymon basins and Quaternary N‐S extension. This study demonstrates that basin formation in the South Rhodope core complex is related to normal faulting postdating the main episode of crustal stretching by detachment faulting.
Metal‐Free [4+2] Annulation of Arylalkynes with tert‐Butyl Nitrite through C(sp2)H Oxidation to Assemble Benzo[e][1,2]oxazin‐4‐ones
Authors: Yang Xu‐Heng , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA metal‐free radical‐mediated [4+2] annulation of internal arylalkynes with tert‐butyl nitrite (t‐BuONO) is presented for the synthesis of benzo[e][1,2]oxazin‐4‐ones through the addition of t‐BuONO across the CC triple bond, hydration, isomerization and aromatic C(sp2)H oxidation cascades. The 18O‐labeling experiment shows that two oxygen atoms in the product system are from water.magnified image
Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of β,β‐Disubstituted Nitroalkenes
Authors: Liu Man , Kong Duanyang , Li Meina , Zi Guofu , Hou Guohua 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA highly efficient, iridium‐catalyzed, enantioselective hydrogenation of β,β‐disubstituted nitroalkenes has been developed. Using a complex consisting of iridium and (S,S)‐f‐spiroPhos as the catalyst, a variety of β,β‐disubstituted nitroalkenes were successfully hydrogenated to the corresponding chiral nitroalkanes with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee) and high turnover numbers (TON=1000).magnified image
Suppression of the noninvolved pair of the myeloma isotype correlates with poor survival in newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory patients with myeloma
Authors: Ludwig Heinz , Milosavljevic Dejan , Berlanga Oscar , Zojer Niklas , Hübl Wolfgang , Fritz Veronique , Harding Stephen 
Published: December 2015

Heavy light chain (HLC) assays allow precise measurement of the monoclonal and of the noninvolved polyclonal immunoglobulins of the same isotype as the M‐protein (e.g., monoclonal IgAκ and polyclonal IgAλ in case of an IgAκ myeloma), which was not possible before. The noninvolved polyclonal immunoglobulin is termed ‘HLC‐matched pair’. We investigated the impact of the suppression of the HLC‐matched pair on outcome in 203 patients with multiple myeloma, a phenomenon that likely reflects the host's attempt to control the myeloma clone. Severe (>50%) HLC‐matched pair suppression was identified in 54.5% of the 156 newly diagnosed patients and was associated with significantly shorter survival (45.4 vs. 71.9 months,P = 0.019). This correlation was statistically significant in IgG patients (46.4 vs. 105.1 months,P = 0.017), but not in patients with IgA myelomas (32.9 vs. 54.1 months,P = 0.498). At best response, HLC‐matched pair suppression improved only in patients with ≥VGPR, indicating partial or complete humoral immune reconstitution during remission in those with excellent response. Severe HLC‐matched pair suppression retained its prognostic impact also during follow‐up after first response. In the 47 pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory disease, a similar correlation between severe HLC suppression and survival was noted (22.8 vs. not reached,P = 0.028). Suppression of the polyclonal immunoglobulins of the other isotypes than the myeloma protein correlated neither with HLC‐matched pair suppression, nor with outcome. Multivariate analysis identified severe HLC‐matched pair suppression as independent risk factor for shorter survival, highlighting the impact of isotype specific immune dysregulation on outcome in multiple myeloma. Am. J. Hematol. 91:295–301, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. American Journal of Hematology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of a Far‐Red Photoactivatable Silicon‐Containing Rhodamine for Super‐Resolution Microscopy
Authors: Grimm Jonathan B. , Klein Teresa , Kopek Benjamin G. , Shtengel Gleb , Hess Harald F. , Sauer Markus , Lavis Luke D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe rhodamine system is a flexible framework for building small‐molecule fluorescent probes. Changing N‐substitution patterns and replacing the xanthene oxygen with a dimethylsilicon moiety can shift the absorption and fluorescence emission maxima of rhodamine dyes to longer wavelengths. Acylation of the rhodamine nitrogen atoms forces the molecule to adopt a nonfluorescent lactone form, providing a convenient method to make fluorogenic compounds. Herein, we take advantage of all of these structural manipulations and describe a novel photoactivatable fluorophore based on a Si‐containing analogue of Q‐rhodamine. This probe is the first example of a “caged” Si‐rhodamine, exhibits higher photon counts compared to established localization microscopy dyes, and is sufficiently red‐shifted to allow multicolor imaging. The dye is a useful label for super‐resolution imaging and constitutes a new scaffold for far‐red fluorogenic molecules.
Output Regulation and Active Disturbance Rejection Control: Unified Formulation and Comparison
Authors: Chen Zhiyong , Xu Dabo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOutput regulation theory aims to design a controller for achieving reference tracking and disturbance rejection while maintaining system stability. Different from the stabilization problem about an equilibrium point, the output regulation problem is capable of characterizing more complicated steady‐state trajectories induced by reference and/or disturbance. Many efforts have been made to reveal how a steady‐state trajectory can be characterized, estimated, and hence compensated by a controller such that output regulation can be asymptotically achieved. When the steady‐state trajectory is approximately treated as a constant “quantity”, the standard output regulation implies an approximate version within which output regulation is practically achieved. It is revealed in this paper that such an approximate version of output regulation includes the later developed active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) method as a special case.
Optimized Stirred Reactor for Enhanced Particle Dispersion
Authors: Wang Steven , Jiang Mo , Ibrahim Shaliza , Wu Jie , Feng Xin , Duan Xiaoxia , Yang Zhao , Yang Chao , Ohmura Naoto 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHomogeneous dispersion of particles is crucial for many processes where the reaction rate is highly dependent on relative rates of mixing or degree of homogenization. These processes include crystallization, polymerization, and some mineral‐refining processes. Complete particle dispersion in high‐concentration slurries is researched experimentally and numerically. Computation fluid dynamics results suggest that cloud height is an excellent indicator for mixing homogeneity, and energy efficiency can be enhanced by removing baffles over a range of solids concentrations under the complete dispersion condition. The power required to maintain a high cloud height in a stirred tank can be predicted via a simple power number analysis. The proposed unbaffled design can be potentially beneficial to some industrial processes like crystallization.
An Efficient and General Method for Formylation of Aryl Bromides with CO2 and Poly(methylhydrosiloxane)
Authors: Yu Bo , Yang Zhenzhen , Zhao Yanfei , Hao Leiduan , Zhang Hongye , Gao Xiang , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe formylation of aryl halides with CO2 to generate aryl aldehydes is challenging. Herein, we report a novel synthesis of aryl aldehydes by formylation of aryl bromides with CO2 and a waste silane, poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS). It has been discovered that a simple combination of 1,3‐bis(diphenyphosphino)propane (DPPP)‐chelated Pd catalyst, Pd(DPPP)Cl2, with 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) is able to effectively catalyze the reaction, leading to aryl aldehydes in moderate to excellent yields, and without any by‐products in most cases. Moreover, this route could be extended to the formylation of aryl iodides with high efficiency. This approach is simple, less costly, and environmentally friendly, and also widens the applications of CO2 to form value‐added chemicals by the construction of new C−C bonds.
Numerical Study of Liquid Film Characteristics at Varying Operating Conditions in Prefilmer Airblast Atomizer
Authors: Volz Melanie , Nittel Lena , Habisreuther Peter , Zarzalis Nikolaos 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe atomization of liquid fuel in gas turbines is one of the key factors that affect the combustion performance. After the adaptation of the k‐ϵ‐turbulence model for two‐phase flows and the definition of the film thickness, this work investigates and reports the influence of different parameters on the behavior of the liquid film on the prefilmer of airblast atomizers. A correlation that can be used to predict the mean film thickness has been developed and is proposed in the present study. This correlation can be used in order to optimize the design of airblast atomizers.
CURVELET‐BASED 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF DIGITAL CORES USING THE POCS METHOD
Authors: Ben‐Feng WANG , Jing‐Ye LI , Xiao‐Hong CHEN , Jing‐Jie CAO 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWith the development of shale‐gas exploration and exploitation, exploitation is necessary to study the 3D spatial distribution of shale fractures for research on shale rock physics. Because of the limitation of instruments, accurate shale slice is discontinuous in depth, and the minimum interval between adjacent slices is inconsistent with horizontal resolution of digital cores. Those are the main factors which can prevent accuracy improvement of fracture characterization and physical modeling for digital cores. In order to study the 3D spatial distribution of fractures, this paper achieves reconstruction of 3D digital cores using the curvelet transform and Project Onto Convex Sets (POCS) method. Firstly, sample one per two slices in depth regularly for 3D dataset of sandstone obtained by X ray scanner, then reconstruct the 3D dataset using the proposed method. The reconstructed result is consistent with the original one and superior over the current method (spgl1), which approves the validity and superiority of the proposed method. Secondly, double the accurate 2D shale slices in depth that are obtained using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM). It generates the 3D digital cores in which the minimum interval between adjacent slices in depth is basically consistent with the horizontal resolution, weakens the discontinuity of shale slices in depth caused by the instrument limitations and makes the fracture distribution more clear. Tests on sandstone and accurate shale rocks demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed method.
STATISTICAL STUDY OF IPDP EVENTS OBSERVED BY THE CARISMA NETWORK OF MAGNETOMETERS
Authors: Ming‐Xia ZHOU , Zhi‐Gang YUAN , Hai‐Meng LI , De‐Dong WANG , Xiong‐Dong YU , Zhen‐Zhen WANG , Zheng QIAO 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDuring substorms energetic ions injected from the magnetotail plasma sheet could excite electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the inner magnetosphere. As a signature of EMIC waves, ground‐based magnetometers observed the Intervals of Pulsations of Diminishing Periods (IPDP). With the observations of the GOES satellite and CARISMA network of magnetometers in Canada, we analyzed the relationship between the IPDP events and substorm injection events. With the observations of magnetometers at MCMU and MSTK stations of CARISMA network between April 2005 and May 2014, we statistically analyzed the IPDP events during substorms and obtained the occurrence rate distribution in seasons and magnetic local time (MLT). A total of 128 IPDP events have been simultaneously observed by both MCMU and MSTK stations. The IPDP events have the least occurrence rate in winter (13.28%), and the highest occurrence rate in spring (32.81%). The results show that the occurrence rate of IPDP events is affected by the ionospheric conductivity and the occurrence rate of substorms. The maximum occurrence rate of the events is between 15 MLT and 18 MLT. Our result suggests that IPDP events are mainly generated by energetic anisotropic protons, which can be injected into the inner magnetosphere during substorms and drift westward and encounter the plasmaspheric plume.
PRESENT‐DAY CRUSTAL STRAIN RATE FIELD IN THE TAIWAN ACTIVE COLLISION ZONE AND ITS GEODYNAMIC MECHANISMS: INSIGHT FROM FEM SIMULATIONS
Authors: Xiao‐Gang LONG , Shou‐Biao ZHU 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Taiwan Island is the product of convergence and collision between the Eurasian and the Philippine Sea plates, where the geological structure is complex, seismicity is high and deformation strong. In order to quantitatively study characteristics of crustal deformation and to understand its geodynamic mechanisms of this area, we calculated the strain rate field in and around Taiwan by using the finite element method (FEM), utilizing GPS data from 1995 to 2005 as boundary constraints in simulation. The results show that contractions are predominant in central Taiwan, while extension exists in northeast and south, respectively. The largest deformation appears on the Coast Range and the adjacent waters in eastern Taiwan. The calculated slip rates on the Longitudinal Valley Fault (LVF) are 13.81∼23.48 mm/yr, meaning part of the convergence is absorbed by LVF, thus deformation to the west of LVF decays rapidly westwards and northwestwards. Moreover, the results show that the calculated velocities and GPS vectors are in good agreement, and calculated orientations of principal stresses are consistent with in‐situ stress measurements and focal mechanism solutions, demonstrating the finite element model established in this paper is reasonable. In addition, the calculated results imply that the general framework of present‐day deformation in Taiwan results from interactions by many factors such as plate collision between the Eurasian and the Philippine Sea plates, geometry of plate boundaries, faulting and rifting, opening of the Okinawa trough and retreat of the Ryukyu trench.
ELASTIC WAVE MODELING AND PRE‐STACK REVERSE TIME MIGRATION OF IRREGULAR FREE‐SURFACE BASED ON LAYERED MAPPING METHOD
Authors: Ying‐Ming QU , Jian‐Ping HUANG , Zhen‐Chun LI , Qing‐Yang LI , Jin‐Liang ZHAO , Xiu‐Zhi LI 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTraditional FD method has some difficulties in treating irregular surface, while mapping method can overcome the disadvantage by transform the irregular surface to horizontal surface. But at the same time, the interface below the surface is transformed to more complex interface, resulting in the inaccurate of wave propagation and imaging. In this paper, a layered mapping method is proposed and it is applied to elastic wave RTM. This method not only can overcome the effects of irregular surface but also underground structure can not be destroyed. Wave field forward continuation, reverse time continuation and separation are completed in auxiliary system coordinate while imaging in Cartesian. Numerical examples of simple topography model and Zhongyuan topography model show the correctness of the method proposed in the paper. Meanwhile after testing two extreme cases of inaccurate interface elevation we can see that the imaging results of layered mapping RTM is much better than that of traditional mapping RTM.
AN IMPROVED PROJECTION ONTO CONVEX SETS METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS INTERPOLATION AND DENOISING
Authors: Jing‐Jie CAO , Ben‐Feng WANG 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSparsity‐promoted seismic interpolation is an important interpolation strategy; however, most existing interpolation methods merely focused on high signal‐to‐noise ratio data. Actually, noise is always contained in sampled data; the existence of noise will deteriorate interpolation results and makes interpolation challenging. Projection onto convex sets (POCS) method is an efficient method; however, it cannot get acceptable results for noisy data interpolation. A strategy for simultaneous interpolation and denoising is the weighted POCS method which uses an additional weighting factor to achieve denoising. In this paper, we demonstrate that the weighted projection onto convex sets (POCS) method is a method for unconstrained optimization model, and it can be deduced from the iterative thresholding method. In addition, an improved POCS method is proposed for interpolation and denoising without extra computation effort. Numerical examples on synthetic and field data demonstrate that the improved POCS method can get reliable results for noiseless and noisy data interpolation. First interpolation and then denoising examples proved that simultaneous interpolation and denoising is robust when the least thresholds are properly chosen.
What does Medicaid expansion mean for cancer screening and prevention? Results from a randomized trial on the impacts of acquiring Medicaid coverage
Authors: Wright Bill J. , Conlin Alison K. , Allen Heidi L. , Tsui Jennifer , Carlson Matthew J. , Li Hsin Fang 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUNDThe Oregon Medicaid lottery provided a unique opportunity to assess the causal impacts of health insurance on cancer screening rates within the framework of a randomized controlled trial. Prior studies regarding the impacts of health insurance have almost always been limited to observational evidence, which cannot be used to make causal inferences.METHODSThe authors prospectively followed a representative panel of 16,204 individuals from the Oregon Medicaid lottery reservation list, collecting data before and after the Medicaid lottery drawings. The study panel was divided into 2 groups: a treatment group of individuals who were selected in the Medicaid lottery (6254 individuals) and a control group who were not (9950 individuals). The authors also created an elevated risk subpanel based on family cancer histories. One year after the lottery drawings, differences in cancer screening rates, preventive behaviors, and health status were compared between the study groups.RESULTSMedicaid coverage resulted in significantly higher rates of several common cancer screenings, especially among women, as well as better primary care connections and self‐reported health outcomes. There was little evidence found that acquiring Medicaid increased the adoption of preventive health behaviors that might reduce cancer risk.CONCLUSIONSMedicaid coverage did not appear to directly impact lifestyle choices that might reduce cancer risk, but it did provide access to important care and screenings that could help to detect cancers earlier. These findings could have long‐term population health implications for states considering or pursuing Medicaid expansion. Cancer 2016;122:791–797. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Effect of ceramic veneer thickness and cement shade on the CIELAB system after bonding—an in vitro study
Authors: Montero Javier , Gómez‐Polo Cristina , Santos Juan Antonio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn restoration dentistry clinicians need to control the effect of the ceramic thickness and cement shade to achieve successful colorimetric results when all‐ceramic veneers are bonded. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of cement color and the thickness of the final shade on porcelain discs. The study sample comprised 120 e.max Press HT A‐2 ceramic discs of two thicknesses (60 of 1 mm thick and 60 of 0.5 mm thick). Three different lightnesses of Variolink Veneer cement were used (−3, 0, and +3) for the cementation process. An Easyshade spectrophotometer was used to measure color coordinates (L*, C*, h, a*, and b*) on the discs both before and after cementation. To a large extent, color changes (ΔE
) after the cementation process were found to depend on cement thickness, ceramic thickness, and cement lightness. This model predicted 52% of the observed variability. The most marked change in color appeared on discs 0.5 mm thick and a cement lightness of −3 (ΔE
= 12.0 units). By contrast, color was more stable (minor changes) on discs with a cement lightness of +3 (ΔE
= 2.3 units).All color coordinates were significantly modified after bonding, both on thin and thick discs and in all three cement color groups (−3, 0, and +3). However the difference in color (ΔE
) is significantly greater in discs 0.5 mm thick as compared with ceramic discs 1 mm thick. The most prominent change after bonding was found in the h (hue) coordinate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 642–648, 2016
Analytical challenges of extracellular vesicle detection: A comparison of different techniques
Authors: Erdbrügger Uta , Lannigan Joanne 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) has grown exponentially over the last decade. Evolving evidence is demonstrating that these EVs are playing an important role in health and disease. They are involved in intercellular communication and have been shown to transfer proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This review focuses on the most commonly used techniques for detection of EVs, to include microparticles, 100–1,000 nm in size, and exosomes, 50–100 nm in size. Conventional flow cytometry is the most prevalent technique, but nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and resistive pulse sensing have also been used to detect EVs. The accurate measurement of these vesicles is challenged by size heterogeneity, low refractive index, and the lack of dynamic measurement range for most of the available technologies. Sample handling during the preanalytical phase can also affect the accuracy of measurements. Currently, there is not one single method which allows phenotyping, sizing, and enumerating the whole range of EVs and, therefore, providing all the necessary information to truly understand the biology of these particles. A combination of methods is probably needed which might also include electron and atomic force microscopy and full RNA, lipid, and protein profiling. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry