bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the microstructural organization and mechanical properties of 5356 aluminum alloy arc additive manufacturing under low heat input conditions
Authors: Zuo Xiaogang , Lv Zhimin , Wang Yuejie , chen xiaokang , Qi Wenjun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

To address the issue of excessive heat input during arc additive manufacturing of aluminum alloys, which leads to difficulties in forming and reduced dimensional accuracy, this paper investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of 5356 aluminum alloy under low heat input conditions (30A, 40A, 50A, and 60A). The forming dimensions of multilayer single-pass straight-walled specimens under varying low-current conditions were analyzed, along with comprehensive tests on their mechanical properties, including microstructure, microhardness, and tensile strength. The results indicate that specimens can be successfully formed under different low-current conditions. Notably, at 40A, the front and upper surfaces of the specimens exhibit a smooth and flat appearance, contributing to an aesthetically superior outcome. The microstructure of the straight-walled specimen is predominantly composed of an α(Al) matrix and skeletal β(Al3Mg2). As the current increases, the distribution density of β(Al3Mg2) decreases, accompanied by a reduction in number and an increase in size. With increasing current, the microhardness initially rises, followed by a subsequent decline. Additionally, the microhardness shows a gradual increase from the bottom to the top of the specimen. As current increases, both the tensile strength and elongation of horizontal and vertical specimens first increase and then decrease. It is observed that the tensile strength and elongation of horizontal specimens are slightly higher than those of vertical specimens. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the application of arc additive manufacturing technology in processing 5356 aluminum alloys.
Universal photonic processor for spatial mode decomposition
Authors: Banzer Peter , Sharma Varun , Brandmüller Dorian , Bütow Johannes , Eismann Jörg 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Efficient and precise information storage and processing using light's various degrees of freedom - intensity, phase, and polarization - have vast applications in modern photonics. Extending this capability, spatial structuring of light offers an orthogonal set of mode families, represented within an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. The corresponding utilization necessitates the accurate measurement and decomposition of arbitrary spatial modes into their orthogonal components. In this paper, we introduce a new modal decomposition technique based on a 16-pixel reconfigurable photonic integrated circuit programmed as a spatial mode decomposer. This device uniquely identifies and quantifies the relative contributions of constituent modes in a Laguerre-Gaussian basis. The presented device not only provides the relative weights of these modes but also their relative phases, offering a novel approach based on an integrated platform for optical information processing. The potential applications of this technology are vast, ranging from advanced optical communications to microscopy and beyond, marking a significant stride in the field of integrated photonics.
The canine homolog of human receptive speech area responds selectively to social reinforcement
Authors: Miller Kai , Lampert Frederik , Mivalt Filip , Kim Inyong , Ince Nuri , Kim Jiwon , Kremen Vaclav , Baker Matthew , Boom Max Van den , Hermes Dora , Coenen Volker Arnd , Schalk Gerwin , Brunner Peter , Worrell Gregory 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Studying mammalian brain function aids our understanding of human brain evolution. We implanted a beagle with a prototype human neuromodulation platform that measures activity from the brain surface. One year later, a set of simple sensory tasks was performed, finding visual and somatosensory representation in the canine homologs of the expected areas in humans. Surprisingly, the canine anterior ectosylvian gyrus, which is anatomically homologous to human receptive speech areas, was selectively active during independent social reinforcement tasks. This suggests that human speech understanding may have evolved from more general mammalian brain structures that are specialized for social reinforcement.
A Data Fusion Deep Learning Approach for Accurate Organelle-Based Classification of Cancer Cells
Authors: Yee Harrison 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Microscopy-based cancer cell classification has traditionally focused on observable cellular features, such as size, morphology, and pleomorphism. Recent advances in machine learning-based image analysis in cancer diagnostics have allowed for greater throughput and consistency in cancer cell analysis by extracting visibly non-discernable features. Specifically, classification based on sub-cellular organelles' shape and spatial feature distributions has been established as a highly accurate methodology. These handcrafted feature extraction methods, however, are limited in throughput and analytical trustworthiness. These criticisms arise from the manual use of external software for object rendering, handcrafted feature extraction, and classification, thus introducing potential biases and artificial features due to image processing. Herein, we introduce a deep learning approach using a patch-based convolutional neural network (CNN) with channel-wise intermediate data fusion to perform end-to-end breast cancer classification of fluorescent confocal microscopy images focused on separate feature analysis of each sub-cellular organelle of interest. In cross-validation studies on a dataset of six different breast cancer cell lines, our methodology achieved an average classification accuracy of 92.0 ± 0.9%, rivaling other methods. Ultimately, this work provides streamlined and organelle-focused feature analysis for automated deep learning-based cancer cell classification.
Mechanoreceptive soft robotic molluscoids made of granular hydrogel-based organoelectronics
Authors: Amstad Esther , Georgopoulou Antonia , Obayashi Nana , Bono Francesca , Lucherini Lorenzo , Hughes Josie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The viscoelasticity of many soft polymers renders flexible sensors susceptible to hysteresis and signal drift that limit their accuracy. To reduce the impact of viscoelasticity on the signal, we introduce electrically conductive double network granular hydrogels as soft piezoresistive strain sensors. These sensors are composed of polyelectrolyte microgels that are covalently connected through a percolating hydrogel. We functionalize the interstitial spaces with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). These electrically conductive granular hydrogels exhibit a Young’s modulus of up to 1.4 MPa, an ultimate strength up to 2.9 MPa and a stress-strain hysteresis below 6%. This combination of mechanical properties could thus far not be reached with electrically conductive polymers. The elastic response of these sensors results in an unprecedently low signal relaxation of 2%. Indeed, the signal drifts less than 0.01% if 10 times stretched to 50%. These materials are produced from jammed microgels that exhibit rheological properties ideal for direct ink writing (DIW). We leverage this feature to 3D print conductive pathways into a soft molluscoid robot to render it proprioceptive and exteroceptive. We foresee this hydrogel-based electrically conductive material to enable the fabrication of the next generation of flexible electronics that can reliably link sensor readings to robot performance.
Copper and metformin double-doped polydopamine nanoparticles for tumor photothermal therapy
Authors: Luo Yangwen , Zhang Wenkai , Gu Muge , Zhang Xiangqi , Wang Jiayu , Yu Wei , Yuan Weien , Shen Jiefeng , Yang Guoqiang , Yang Hua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The anti-tumor potentials of copper and metformin have been wildly studied. Excessive intracellular copper could lead cancer cells to cuproptosis, while metformin could activate adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to decrease ATP and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study integrated copper and metformin ably to form a polydopamine nanoparticle (CMP NPs) through coordination bonds. CMP NPs showed a high photothermal efficiency and anti-tumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo experiments. This effective photothermal therapy (PTT) not only inhibited the growth of primary tumors but also generated an in-situ tumor vaccine-like function by immunogenic cell death to restrain the regrowth of the secondary tumors, showing a promising PTT for malignant solid tumors.
Construction of a comprehensive evaluation model for constitutive resistance traits of tea cultivars to the pests Matsumurasca onukii and Dendrothrips minowai
Authors: Sun Yue , Chen Li-Lin , Jin Shan , Ye Wen-Qi , Liu Jia , Gao Chen-Xi , Kong Jiu-Mei , Cao Shi-Xian , Yu Shun-Tian , Zhao Zi-Hua , Gurr Geoff M , Sun Wei-Jiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

As major pests in tea plantations, Matsumurasca onukii Matsuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Dendrothrips minowai Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) reduce tea yields and cause large economic loss. Host plant resistance is one of the most effective and economical potential pest management strategies but is not well understood in tea. This study aimed to screen tea lines to determine chemical and structural traits that were associated with resistance to both herbivore species and then develop comprehensive resistance indicators and evaluation model of insect resistance. In addition, we modelled host plant identification and selection by the two pests and established resistance grading criteria for each. Traits positively associated with resistance to M. onukii were: concentrations of nonanal and dodecane, epidermal thickness of adaxial leaf surface, and ratio of this to leaf thickness. Negatively associated traits were: concentrations of malonic dialdehyde and linalool, ratio of adaxial leaf cuticle thickness to leaf thickness, and ratio of abaxial cuticle thickness to leaf thickness. For D. minowai, length of leaf, trichome density of buds, and caffeine content were positively associated with resistance; whilst dodecane and phenethyl alcohol concentrations as well as several color parameters of foliage were negatively associated. To comprehensively evaluate the insect resistance of tea cultivars, the affiliation function method was used and the results of the model showed significantly correlation for observed population densities of both pests. This study provides the first comprehensive framework for host plant resistance traits and will underpin risk assessment among existing cultivars and selection in future plant breeding programs.
A Novel Index-Organized Data Layout for Hybrid DRAM-PM Main Memory Database Systems
Authors: Zhang Qian , Gong Xueqing , Wei Jianhao , Ren Yiyang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Large-scale data-intensive applications need massive real-time data processing. Recent hybrid DRAM-PM main memory database systems provide an effective approach by persisting data to persistent memory (PM) in an append-based manner for efficient storage while maintaining the primary database copy in DRAM for high throughput rates. However, they fail to achieve high performance under a hybrid workload because they are unaware of the impact of pointer chasing. In this work, we investigate the impact of chasing pointers on modern main memory database systems to eliminate this bottleneck. We propose Index-Organized data layout that supports efficient reads and updates. We combine two techniques, i.e., cacheline-aligned node layout and cache prefetching, to accelerate pointer chasing, reducing memory access latency. We present four optimizations, i.e., pending versions, fine-grained memory management, Index-SSN, and cacheline-aligned writes, for supporting efficient transaction processing and fast logging. We implement our proposed data layout based on an open-sourced main memory database system. We conduct extensive evaluations on a 20-core machine equipped with Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory Modules. Experimental results demonstrate that Index-Organized obtains up to 3x speedup than the conventional data layouts, i.e., row-store, column-store, and row+column.
RETRACTED: Low rate of biochar with nitrogen fertilizer improved rice yield and economic benefits in rainfed lowland rice production system
Authors: Iboko Maduabuchi Paul , Dossou-Yovo Elliott R , Obalum Sunday E. , Brümmer Christian , Ndindeng Sali Atanga , Diedhiou Simeon , Témé Niaba 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Ransomware Detection on Windows Using File System Activity Monitoring and a Hybrid Isolation Forest-XGBoost Model
Authors: Itasoy Erik , Rosenberg Valentina , Stavrakis Nikolaos , Dietrich Anastasia , Montanari Cristiano 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Ransomware has become one of the most prevalent and dangerous cybersecurity threats, capable of encrypting critical files and demanding ransom payments within minutes of infection. A novel hybrid detection system is proposed that combines Isolation Forest for anomaly detection with XGBoost for classification, addressing the limitations of traditional signature-based approaches and enhancing early-stage detection capabilities. The system continuously monitors file system activities, extracting features indicative of ransomware behavior, and processes them through a machine learning pipeline designed to identify both known and novel ransomware variants in real-time. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the system achieves high accuracy in detecting ransomware with minimal false positives and low detection latency, making it suitable for deployment in enterprise environments where rapid response is critical. The ability to handle large volumes of file system data while maintaining precision and adaptability highlights the system's scalability and robustness in combating evolving ransomware threats. This research significantly contributes to the field of cybersecurity, offering a practical and efficient approach for protecting Windows-based systems from ransomware attacks.
The impact of new infrastructure investment on the international tourism industry: new evidence from China
Authors: Sun Shiqiang , Lv Pingzhang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study used panel data from 31 provinces and cities in China between 2011 and 2019 for empirical testing, aiming to understand the contribution of new infrastructure investment in China to the international tourism industry. The research findings indicate that infrastructure investment in China had a positive impact on the development of international tourism. With the increase in infrastructure investment, the number of inbound overnight tourists and the international tourism revenue also increased. Mechanism analysis shows that transportation accessibility and information technology levels influenced international tourism; that is, new infrastructure investments improved the regional transportation environment and enhanced the level of information technology, which was beneficial for international tourism. In addition, there was apparent regional heterogeneity in the impact of new infrastructure investments in China on the international tourism industry. Overall, China's investment in new infrastructure has led to enormous opportunities for the development of the international tourism industry.
Spatio-temporal Monitoring of Drought using Machine Learning approach and Remote Sensing Techniques in Ningxia
Authors: Khan Muhammad Awais , Ali Shawkat , Zaheen Zakria , Ullah Hidayat , Gul Amina , Zhang Jiahua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Timely and accurate monitoring of the beginning and development of drought in China is significant in decreasing losses from drought. The present study contributes to a comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis of drought over the Ningxia Hui (northwestern China) from 2003–2023. We determined the moisture content and vegetation using MODIS satellite data. The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), the Land Surface Temperature (LST), the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI-1, SPI-3, SPI-6, SPI-9 and SPI-12), and the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI-1, SPEI-3, SPEI-6, SPEI-9, and SPEI-12), were calculated. SPEI at 1–12 months timescales and the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) were adopted to characterize drought events over the Ningxia region from 2003 to 2023. Future drought predictions were determined based on SPI at 1–12 months timescales using an artificial neural network (ANN) and cellular automata (CA) machine learning approaches. The CA-ANN model was used to validate drought prediction. The results showed: (1) the EVI declined from 0.38 to 0.33 from 2003–2023. This declining EVI indicates that the annual average of vegetation was decreased ; (2) The KBDI increased from 581.33 in 2003 to 681.091 in 2023, reflecting aggrading aridity with the soil moisture drying out; (3) SPI decreased from 0.7 in 2003 to -1.835 in 2023 and the SPEI varied from 0.5 to − 1.898 in the same period, (4) SPEI results in 2003 highlight western and southern parts highly affected by drought; (6) drought prediction from CA-ANN display that the SPI and SPEI expected in 2033 will further decrease and can cause more frequent drought. The study concluded that the ever-declining drought conditions in the Ningxia region over the past two decades have manifested drastic changes in the drought conditions.
Application of Iodine-Amine Oxidation Approach in the Synthesis of Various N-Alkyl Phosphoramidate Oligonucleotide Derivatives
Authors: Nekrasov Mikhail D. , Pyshnyi Dmitrii V. , Kupryushkin Maxim S. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Nowadays, use of phosphate modifications in oligonucleotide backbone
has become a common approach for imbuing its structure with the desired beneficial properties.
The recent advances in successful application of different classes of phosphate modifications in the
design of therapeutic oligonucleotides have led to a renewed interest in the development of approaches
for introducing diverse classes of phosphate modifications.

Method:
This study aims to investigate the efficiency and optimize protocols for the application of
the iodine-amine oxidation reaction to produce various N-alkyl phosphoramidate oligonucleotide
derivatives during the conventional solid-phase phosphoramidite synthesis method.

Result:
Various solvents and drying reagents were tested, and it was evaluated that even minor
traces of water in a reaction mixture had a significant impact on yield. Using set of commercially
available amines, it was shown that steric accessibility is a more critical parameter than nucleophilicity
of the amino group in oxidative amination reaction. It was demonstrated that through use
of amino alcohols and diamines during iodine-amine oxidation step various branched oligonucleotide
structures can be synthesized.

Conclusion:
The obtained data indicates that the oxidative amination approach can be a promising
tool for preparing various oligonucleotide derivatives during solid-phase synthesis without the use
of specialized phosphoramidite monomers.
The Dynamic Impact of Synthetic Dyes on the Physicochemical Parameters of Cationic and Anionic Surfactants
Authors: Malik Nisar Ahmad , Fatma Ishrat , Azhar-ud-Din Mohd. , Ahmad Hilal , Lubna Syed , Ashraf Musharaf 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
The interaction of dyes (crystal violet, malachite green, and
congo red) with cationic (cetrimide) and anionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate) in
the aqueous medium were studied via conductometric and UV-visible spectroscopy.

Methods:
The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of both cetrimide and SDS upsurges in all the selected dyes on increasing the temperature. Thermodynamic parameters like change in Gibb’s free energy of micellization (Δ G°m ), change in enthalpy of micellization (Δ H°m ) as well as change in entropy of micellization (Δ S°m ) were calculated by employing mass action model.

Results:
The Δ S°m values obtained are positive with Δ G°m and Δ H°m values being negative signified that the phenomenon of micellization is spontaneous as well as exothermic in nature. Moreover, the more negative Δ H°m in water as well as in the presence of dyes signify the presence of electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositively charged dyes and surfactant moieties. UV-spectroscopy reveals that spectral changes occur because of the interaction of surfactants with dye molecules.

Conclusion:
By analyzing shifts in absorption peaks, changes in intensity, and alterations
in band shape, insights into the nature of surfactant-dye complexes and their potential
applications in various industries can be assessed. This understanding can help in the
design and optimization of products and processes involving surfactants and dyes.
Exploring Structural and Optical Properties of Nanoparticles of Barium Titanate and Iron-doped Barium Titanate and their Potential Application in Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Shenoy Abhirami R. , Vijayalekshmi Manjusha M.N. , Raj Dhanya , Anil Abhirami , Varghese Princy 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) is a good candidate for a variety of
applications due to its excellent dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties.

Methods:
Pure and doped Barium Titanate (BTO) nanoparticles have been synthesized
by the sol-gel method. Barium hydroxide octahydrate (Ba (OH)2.8H2O) and titanium (IV)
iso-propoxide (Ti {OCH[CH3]2}4) were used as starting materials. Apart from pure Barium
Titanate nanoparticles, Fe-doped BaTiO3 nanoparticles of three different concentrations:
0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 in mol% were prepared and characterized using X-ray diffraction
(XRD), UV visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).

Results:
From the X-ray diffraction pattern, the particle size was found to be varied in a
range of 17-25nm. By using UV visible spectroscopy it was observed that the band gap
energy of pure BaTiO3 NP is 3.2eV. As the pure BaTiO3 nanoparticles are doped with
0.1% Fe, the band gap reduces to 3.175eV. For BaTiO3 doped with 0.2% and 0.3% Fe,
the band gap energy values are 2.709 and 2.652 respectively. FTIR spectra were used to
analyze the vibrational modes of BaTiO3. From the result obtained from FTIR, we can
see that the absorption spectrum ranges from 450cm-1-4000cm-1. The prominent peak of
pure BaTiO3 is at 500cm-1 which is due to the vibration of the Ti-O band in crystal lattice.
For BaTiO3 doped with Fe2O3, the wave number of the absorption peak is shifted from
500cm-1 in pure BaTiO3. The antibacterial studies were conducted on Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Conclusion:
Both pure and iron-doped Barium Titanate showed significant antibacterial
properties, confirming the antibacterial property of Barium Titanate nanoparticles.