bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stomatognathic function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a case–control study
Authors: Ferreira Bruno , Da Silva Gabriel Pádua , Gonçalves Camila Rosa , Arnoni Veridiana Wanshi , Siéssere Selma , Semprini Marisa , Verri Edson Donizetti , Chaves Thais Cristina , Regalo Simone Cecilio Hallak 
Published: March 2016

AimThis study aimed to analyse electromyographic activity, masticatory efficiency, muscle thickness, and bite force of individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).MethodForty males aged 4–15 years, 20 with DMD and 20 healthy age‐, height‐, and weight‐matched controls, underwent electromyography and ultrasonography of temporalis, masseter, and sternocleidomastoid muscles during postural control of the jaw, mastication, and maximal molar bite force.ResultsThe normalized electromyography signals showed higher activity in masseter and temporal muscles at rest, during protrusion, left and right laterality, and fatigue condition in the group with DMD than in the comparison group (p≤0.05). For masticatory efficiency of cycles, in analysis of non‐habitual chewing of flavourless gum, and habitual chewing of peanuts and raisins, the group with DMD presented lower averages (p≤0.05). For the muscle thickness, the results showed that there was a lower muscle thickness in the group with DMD for all muscles during the rest and maximal voluntary contraction, except for masseter and sternocleidomastoid in the maximal voluntary contraction. In the maximal molar bite force, the group with DMD presented higher values for both sides than the comparison group (p≤0.05).InterpretationPatients with DMD show muscle changes related to the stomatognathic system, in their activity, bite force, and muscle thickness.
Comparison of failure rates of crossing side branch with pressure vs. coronary guidewire: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Ather Sameer , Bavishi Chirag P. , Bhatia Vikas , Bajaj Navkaranbir S. , Leesar Massoud A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the failure rates of crossing side branch (SB) with pressure guidewire vs. coronary guidewire after main vessel (MV) stenting in coronary bifurcation lesions (CBL).BackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention of CBL is technically difficult. The European Bifurcation Club recommends performing either fractional flow reserve (FFR) estimation of the SB or final kissing balloon inflation (FKBI) after the MV stenting when a significant SB ostial stenosis is present. Even though FFR is recommended in CBL, there is concern about SB crossing with pressure guidewire among interventionists.Materials and methodsWe undertook a comprehensive literature search to identify all relevant studies reporting the failure rates of SB crossing after MV stenting with either pressure or coronary guidewire. A random effects model was used to compare the failure rates between the two approaches.ResultsOur search identified six studies that reported failure rates of SB crossing with a pressure guidewire (n = 648) and 11 studies that reported failure rates of SB crossing with a coronary guide‐wire (n = 2601). Estimated pooled failure rate was 3·9% (95% CI: 1·5% to 9·6%) for inability to cross SB with pressure guidewire. Estimated pooled failure rate of SB crossing with coronary guidewire was 3·1% (95% CI: 1·5% to 6·2%). There was no significant difference between the failure rates in the two groups (P = 0·70).ConclusionThe failure rates of SB crossing after MV stenting are low with both pressure and coronary guidewire procedures, with no significant difference between the two approaches.
Effects of temperature on pupal and egg development of Euphranta connexa, a candidate biological control agent for invasive swallow‐worts in North America
Authors: Leroux A.M. , Gassmann A. , Holliday N.J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractVincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar and Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) (Apocynaceae) are invasive perennial weeds in North America, for which Euphranta connexa (Fabricius) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a potential biological control agent. Female E. connexa oviposit in seed pods of European Vincetoxicum species, and developing larvae consume the seeds. Mature larvae emerge and form overwintering puparia in the soil. To facilitate laboratory rearing and the synchronization of oviposition and larval activity with vulnerable stages of target and non‐target plants, we investigated the effect of temperature on survival and development of E. connexa pupae and eggs. Field‐collected pupae from Switzerland were overwintered in cool storage and in spring, and they were placed in constant‐temperature treatments from 9.4 to 35 °C. Adults emerged at temperatures from 11.8 to 27.3 °C, and there was no evidence of pupal diapause. Rates of pupal development did not differ between sexes or among collection sites at altitudes ranging from 520 to over 1 700 m above sea level. From truncated normal models of development rate response to temperature, the estimated lower temperature threshold for pupal development was 4.2 °C and development was most rapid at 25.8 °C. When newly‐laid eggs were exposed to constant temperatures from 11.8 to 30 °C, hatch occurred at all temperatures. The estimated lower temperature threshold for egg development was 9.3 °C, and the predicted temperature at which egg development was most rapid was 31.2 °C. The models of pupal development suggest that E. connexa does not complete its life cycle at the highest altitude of our collection sites and that insects collected there were the result of dispersal from lower altitudes. The models predict that the northernmost North American sites where the insect might be released for biological control of invasive Vincetoxicum species are close to the northern limit for completion of the life cycle of E. connexa.
Intrinsic competition between primary hyperparasitoids of the solitary endoparasitoid Cotesia rubecula
Authors: ZHU FENG , LAMMERS MARK , HARVEY JEFFREY A. , POELMAN ERIK H. 
Published: March 2016

1. In nature, competitive interactions occur when different species exploit similar niches. Parasitic wasps (parasitoids) often have narrow host ranges and need to cope with competitors that use the same host species for development of their offspring. When larvae of different parasitoid species develop in the same host, this leads to intrinsic and often contest competition. Thus far, most studies on intrinsic competition have focused on primary parasitoids. However, competition among primary hyperparasitoids, parasitic wasps that use primary parasitoids as a host, has been little studied.2. This study investigated intrinsic competition between two primary hyperparasitoids, the gregarious Baryscapus galactopus and the solitary Mesochorus gemellus, which lay their eggs in primary parasitoid larvae of Cotesia rubecula, while those in turn are developing inside their herbivore host, Pieris rapae. The aims were to identify: (i) which hyperparasitoid is the superior competitor; and (ii) whether oviposition sequence affects the outcome of intrinsic competition.3. The results show that B. galactopus won 70% of contests when the two hyperparasitoids parasitised the host at the same time, and 90% when B. galactopus oviposited first. When M. gemellus had a 48 h head start, the two hyperparasitoids had an equal chance to win the competition. This suggests that B. galactopus is an intrinsically superior competitor to M. gemellus. Moreover, the outcome of competition is affected by time lags in oviposition events.4. In contrast to what has been reported for primary parasitoids, we found that a gregarious hyperparasitoid species had a competitive advantage over a solitary species.
The macroevolution of climatic niches and its role in ant diversification
Authors: PIE MARCIO R. 
Published: March 2016

1. Investigating how climatic niches change over evolutionary timescales is a necessary step to understanding the current distribution of lineages, yet few studies have addressed this issue using comprehensive datasets. In this study, the evolution of ant climatic niches is investigated at a global scale based on bioclimatic data associated with 163 481 ant occurrence records. The resulting dataset was subjected to principal component analysis, and the scores obtained were used to characterise the main axes of ant climatic niche evolution.2. Principal component axis 1 (PC1) reflected variation in average temperature and seasonality – consistent with typical tropical/temperate gradients – whereas PC2 was associated with varying levels of aridity. Evolution along these two niche axes was markedly different: differences in the amount of explained variance between PC1 (65%) and PC2 (19%) suggest that climatic niche evolution was nearly three times more pronounced along a tropical–temperate climate axis.3. There was statistically significant phylogenetic signal on PC1, with genera occupying more tropical conditions diversifying at a faster rate, yet neither of these results is significant on PC2. In addition, most of the ancient ant lineages are associated with conditions of low seasonality and high temperatures.4. These results provide partial support for the tropical conservatism hypothesis as an explanation for geographical patterns of ant species richness.
Differences in early developmental rate and yolk conversion efficiency in offspring of trout with alternative life histories
Authors: Van Leeuwen Travis E. , Killen Shaun S. , Metcalfe Neil B. , Adams Colin E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPartial migration, in which some individuals of a population migrate while other individuals remain resident, is generally associated with ontogenetic shifts to better feeding areas or as a response to environmental instability, but its underlying mechanisms remain relatively unknown. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) exhibit partial migration, with some individuals remaining in freshwater (freshwater resident) while others undertake an anadromous migration, where they spend time at sea before returning to breed in freshwater (migrant). We reared full‐sibling groups of offspring from freshwater‐resident and anadromous brown trout from the same catchment in the laboratory under common garden conditions to examine potential differences in their early development. Freshwater‐resident parents produced eggs that were slower to hatch than those of anadromous parents, but freshwater‐resident offspring were quicker to absorb their yolk and reach the stage of exogenous feeding. Their offspring also had a higher conversion efficiency from the egg stage to the start of exogenous feeding (so were larger by the start of the fry stage) than did offspring from anadromous parents despite no difference in standard metabolic rate, maximal metabolic rate or aerobic scope. Given these differences in early development, we discuss how the migration history of the parents might influence the migration probability of the offspring.
Horse anti‐thymocyte globulin and eculizumab as concomitant therapeutic approach in an aplastic paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patient: go or no‐go?
Authors: Alashkar Ferras , Dührsen Ulrich , Röth Alexander 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe present the case of a 64‐yr‐old female paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patient with subsequent transition to severe aplastic anemia in whom a concomitant successful immunosuppressive therapy (horse anti‐thymocyte globulin (hATG) and cyclosporin A) in addition to an ongoing long‐term treatment with the terminal complement inhibitor eculizumab was initiated. No reduced ATG efficacy or severe adverse events were observed in the presence of eculizumab. In addition, the possible reoccurrence of PNH symptoms (thromboembolic events and/or intravascular hemolysis) was prevented, while T‐cell depletion was similar to non‐eculizumab‐treated patients with partial remission being evident by day 83.
Evaluating the effects of pollinator‐mediated interactions using pollen transfer networks: evidence of widespread facilitation in south Andean plant communities
Authors: Tur C. , Sáez A. , Traveset A. , Aizen M. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInformation about the relative importance of competitive or facilitative pollinator‐mediated interactions in a multi‐species context is limited. We studied interspecific pollen transfer (IPT) networks to evaluate quantity and quality effects of pollinator sharing among plant species on three high‐Andean communities at 1600, 1800 and 2000 m a.s.l. To estimate the sign of the effects (positive, neutral or negative), the relation between conspecific and heterospecific pollen deposited on stigmas was analysed with GLMMs. Network analyses showed that communities were characterised by the presence of pollen hub‐donors and receptors. We inferred that facilitative and neutral pollinator‐mediated interactions among plants prevailed over competition. Thus, the benefits from pollinator sharing seem to outweigh the costs (i.e. heterospecific deposition and conspecific pollen loss). The largest proportion of facilitated species was found at the highest elevation community, suggesting that under unfavourable conditions for the pollination service and at lower plant densities facilitation can be more common.
Adverse effects of intrapleural instillation of tissue plasminogen activator in a horse: Suspected re‐expansion pulmonary oedema
Authors: McGorum B. C. , Stratford C. H. , Keen J. A. , Pirie R. S. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis case report describes a 5‐year‐old pregnant Warmblood mare that was being treated for fibrinous bacterial pleuropneumonia. Since initial attempts to drain and lavage both pleural cavities were ineffective due to the presence of extensive intrapleural fibrin loculations, recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was instilled into both pleural cavities, to promote fibrinolysis and improve drainage. Within 1–2 h of instilling tPA, the horse became distressed, with increasing dyspnoea, tachycardia, pleurodynia and hypoxaemia. At 4 h post tPA instillation, diffuse bilateral pulmonary oedema was evidenced by the onset of widespread audible inspiratory crackles and ultrasonographic ring‐down artefacts. Ultrasonography demonstrated that tPA had induced pleural fibrinolysis, thereby removing the restrictive effects of pleural adhesions on lung motion and facilitating lung re‐expansion. Re‐expansion pulmonary oedema was suspected, although an adverse drug reaction could not be excluded. The complication resolved with nasal oxygen supplementation, and administration of frusemide, meloxicam, morphine and hydroxyethyl starch. Subsequent repetition of intrapleural tPA instillation and thoracic drainage had no apparent adverse effect. The mare was discharged from the hospital and subsequently foaled successfully. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of re‐expansion pulmonary oedema are reviewed.
Suppressive effects of primed eosinophils on single epicutaneous sensitization through regulation of dermal dendritic cells
Authors: Lin Jing‐Yi , Ta Yng‐Cun , Liu I‐Lin , Chen Hsi‐Wen , Wang Li‐Fang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEosinophils are multifunctional innate immune cells involved in many aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. Epicutaneous sensitization with protein allergen is an important sensitization route for atopic dermatitis. In this study, using a murine single protein‐patch model, we show that eosinophils of a primed status accumulate in draining lymph nodes following single epicutaneous sensitization. Further, depletion of eosinophils results in enhancement of the induced Th1/Th2 immune responses, whereas IL‐5‐induced hypereosinophilia suppresses these responses. Mechanistically, primed eosinophils cause a reduction in the numbers and activation status of dermal dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes. Collectively, these results demonstrate that primed eosinophils exert suppressive effects on single epicutaneous sensitization through regulation of dermal dendritic cells. Thus, these findings highlight the critical roles of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis with important clinical implications for the prevention of allergen sensitization.
Use of satellite data to identify critical periods for early life survival of northern shrimp in the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Richards R. Anne , O'Reilly John E. , Hyde Kimberly J.W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe northern shrimp Pandalus borealis is at its southern limit in the Gulf of Maine (GOM), and recruitment success is higher in years with relatively cool water temperature. However, the mechanisms for the temperature effect are not clear. We used rolling window analysis of daily satellite data to identify critical periods for early life survival of the 1998–2012 northern shrimp year‐classes and to investigate the importance of the phenology of the hatch and bloom. Survival was negatively correlated with sea surface temperature (SST) during a 6‐week period around the time of larval emergence (late winter) and during a 4‐week period in late summer when SST and stratification reached annual maxima. Survival was negatively correlated with chlorophyll‐a concentration (chl‐a) during two 5‐week periods centered approximately a month before the hatch midpoint and around the time of settlement to the benthos. A small‐magnitude winter bloom occurred around the time of the hatch in many years, but our results did not reveal a link between survival and bloom‐hatch phenology. The timing of winter and spring blooms were correlated with SST during the preceding 10 months. A survival model including SST and chl‐a during the critical periods explained 73% of the variance in survival. Summer SST increased significantly during the study period; the other critical variables showed no trend. The rolling windows approach revealed sensitive periods in early life history that may not have otherwise been hypothesized, providing a foundation for research towards a greater understanding of processes affecting recruitment.
Projected impacts of 21st century climate change on diapause in Calanus finmarchicus
Authors: Wilson Robert J. , Banas Neil S. , Heath Michael R. , Speirs Douglas C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDiapause plays a key role in the life cycle of high latitude zooplankton. During diapause, animals avoid starving in winter by living in deep waters where metabolism is lower and met by lipid reserves. Global warming is therefore expected to shorten the maximum potential diapause duration by increasing metabolic rates and by reducing body size and lipid reserves. This will alter the phenology of zooplankton, impact higher trophic levels and disrupt biological carbon pumps. Here, we project the impacts of climate change on the key North Atlantic copepod Calanus finmarchicus under IPCC RCP 8.5. Potential diapause duration is modelled in relation to body size and overwintering temperature. The projections show pronounced geographic variations. Potential diapause duration reduces by more than 30% in the Western Atlantic, whereas in the key overwintering centre of the Norwegian Sea it changes only marginally. Surface temperature rises, which reduce body size and lipid reserves, will have a similar impact to deep‐water changes on diapause in many regions. Because deep‐water warming lags that at the surface, animals in the Labrador Sea could offset warming impacts by diapausing in deeper waters. However, the ability to control diapause depth may be limited.
Estimating indices of range shifts in birds using dynamic models when detection is imperfect
Authors: Clement Matthew J. , Hines James E. , Nichols James D. , Pardieck Keith L. , Ziolkowski David J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThere is intense interest in basic and applied ecology about the effect of global change on current and future species distributions. Projections based on widely used static modeling methods implicitly assume that species are in equilibrium with the environment and that detection during surveys is perfect. We used multiseason correlated detection occupancy models, which avoid these assumptions, to relate climate data to distributional shifts of Louisiana Waterthrush in the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. We summarized these shifts with indices of range size and position and compared them to the same indices obtained using more basic modeling approaches. Detection rates during point counts in BBS surveys were low, and models that ignored imperfect detection severely underestimated the proportion of area occupied and slightly overestimated mean latitude. Static models indicated Louisiana Waterthrush distribution was most closely associated with moderate temperatures, while dynamic occupancy models indicated that initial occupancy was associated with diurnal temperature ranges and colonization of sites was associated with moderate precipitation. Overall, the proportion of area occupied and mean latitude changed little during the 1997–2013 study period. Near‐term forecasts of species distribution generated by dynamic models were more similar to subsequently observed distributions than forecasts from static models. Occupancy models incorporating a finite mixture model on detection – a new extension to correlated detection occupancy models – were better supported and may reduce bias associated with detection heterogeneity. We argue that replacing phenomenological static models with more mechanistic dynamic models can improve projections of future species distributions. In turn, better projections can improve biodiversity forecasts, management decisions, and understanding of global change biology.
Differential plasticity of size and mass to environmental change in a hibernating mammal
Authors: Canale Cindy I. , Ozgul Arpat , Allainé Dominique , Cohas Aurelie 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMorphological changes following changes in species' distribution and phenology have been suggested to be the third universal response to global environmental change. Although structural size and body mass result from different genetic, physiological, and ecological mechanisms, they are used interchangeably in studies evaluating population responses to environmental change. Using a 22‐year (1991–2013) dataset including 1768 individuals, we investigated the coupled dynamics of size and mass in a hibernating mammal, the Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota), in response to local environmental conditions. We (i) quantified temporal trends in both traits, (ii) determined the environmental drivers of trait dynamics, and (iii) identified the life‐history processes underlying the observed changes. Both phenotypic traits were followed through life: we focused on the initial trait value (juvenile size and mass) and later‐life development (annual change in size [Δsize] and mass [Δmass]). First, we demonstrated contrasting dynamics between size and mass over the study period. Juvenile size and subsequent Δsize showed significant declines, whereas juvenile mass and subsequent Δmass remained constant. As a consequence of smaller size associated with a similar mass, individuals were in better condition in recent years. Second, size and mass showed different sensitivities to environmental variables. Both traits benefited from early access to resources in spring, whereas Δmass, particularly in early life, also responded to summer and winter conditions. Third, the interannual variation in both traits was caused by changes in early life development. Our study supports the importance of considering the differences between size and mass responses to the environment when evaluating the mechanisms underlying population dynamics. The current practice of focusing on only one trait in population modeling can lead to misleading conclusions when evaluating species' resilience to contemporary climate change.