bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A functional comparison of recurrent word-combinations in English original vs. translated texts
Authors: Ebeling Signe Oksefjell , Ebeling Jarle 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe study explores the potential of quantitative methods to shed light on how texts originally written in English (EO) and texts translated into English (ET) from Norwegian cluster in terms of functional classes. The object of study are sequences of three words (3-grams), classified into 15 functional categories. The investigation establishes that EO and ET do not differ significantly in half of the categories. As for the categories that do differ, two (Comparison and Spatial) are investigated in more detail, uncovering that the more frequent use of Comparison and Spatial 3-grams in ET is most likely a result of source language shining through. The findings are important in the context of both descriptive translation studies and translation-based contrastive studies. With regard to the former, the current study shows that, in many cases, ET does not seem to constitute a ‘third code’ at the level of 3-gram functions, since the same functions are equally attested in EO. As far as contrastive studies are concerned, the investigation reveals few, if any, lexico-grammatical differences between EO and ET that overturn the belief that translations are a good tertium comparationis when comparing and contrasting language systems.
Digitization of the Mary Hamilton Papers
Authors: Gardner Anne-Christine , Hundt Marianne , Kindlimann Moira 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHeld at The John Rylands Library, Manchester, the Mary Hamilton Papers are a valuable, but still largely untapped resource for linguistic, cultural and literary studies focussing on the late eighteenth century. In her diaries Lady Mary Hamilton (1756-1816) documents daily life and friendships with intellectual figures of the time, for instance Horace Walpole and members of the Bluestocking circle, which included Elizabeth Montagu and Frances Burney. The archive also contains letters written to Lady Mary Hamilton by her family and other members of her social network.The aim of this project is to prepare a digital edition of materials from the Mary Hamilton Papers with TEI-conformant XML mark-up, in which both a facsimile of the manuscripts and their transliterations (preserving the original spelling, punctuation and layout) will be displayed. In addition, the edition will offer rich meta-data and mark-up of places, persons and literary works, as well as normalized spellings, which will assist searches for linguistic features differing from Present-day English such as (non-)capitalisation (e.g. english, Breakfast) and past tense spellings like dress’d and staid.Drawing on material from the Mary Hamilton Papers and the Corpus of Late Modern English Prose, we provide a case study to illustrate the usefulness of the Mary Hamilton Papers for the study of language change and social networks in the Late Modern period.
Empirical perspectives on two potential epicenters: The genitive alternation in Asian Englishes
Authors: Heller Benedikt , Bernaisch Tobias , Gries Stefan Th. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe present study seeks to contribute to two sparsely examined areas of World Englishes research by (i) quantitatively evaluating two potential linguistic epicenters in Asia (Indian and Singapore English) while (ii) investigating the English genitive alternation in a cross-varietal perspective. In a corpus-based bottom-up approach, we evaluate 4,200 interchangeable genitive cases of written English from Great Britain, Hong Kong, India, the Philippines, Singapore and Sri Lanka, as represented in the International Corpus of English. We use a new method called MuPDARF, a multifactorial deviation analysis based on random forest classifications, to evaluate to what extent and with which factors the Asian varieties differ from British English in their genitive choices. Results show conspicuous differences between British English and the Asian varieties and validate the potential epicenter status of Indian English for South Asia, but not unanimously that of Singapore English for Southeast Asia.
Characterization of adjectival -ed and -ing forms of psychological verbs in English
Authors: Matsui Chie , Arai Yasutomo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This study examines for the first time a very large set of psychological verbs and their derived adjectives in English. To determine whether an item is an adjective or not, we take the standard structural criteria of morphological (-ly or un-), morpho-syntactic (very, -er/-est or more/most) and syntactic (seem, look, or feel) characteristics. As for the data, we selected three data bases and gathered those containing certain items in specific contexts, such as whether the item in question takes a -ly or un- affix, or a comparative or superlative form, or follows seem, look or feel. We took dictionaries as our source of criteria in checking whether an item was perceived to be an adjective. As a result, we found some hierarchy within adjectives as to whether they take morphological, morpho-syntactic, or syntactic characteristics. The most powerful determinant of adjectives is the morphological characteristic -ly.
Annotating the ICE corpora pragmatically – preliminary issues & steps
Authors: Weisser Martin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSince the inception of the ICE project in 1990, ICE corpora have been used extensively in the investigation and comparison of varieties of English on different linguistic levels. These levels, however, have so far primarily been restricted to lexis and lexico-grammar, while relatively little has to date been achieved in the investigation of pragmatic strategies used by the speakers in these corpora. One of the main reasons for this shortcoming is a lack of suitable annotation that would make such a detailed pragmatic comparison possible. This paper will propose a suitable model and format for converting and enriching the ICE corpora with different levels of pragmatics-relevant information, as well as discussing the issues involved in this endeavour. And finally, to illustrate the feasibility of this aim, the paper will also include a small case study carried out on a number of files, pointing out how the resulting annotations could later be exploited in pragmatics research.
Comparison of parental socio-demographic factors in children and adolescents presenting with internalizing and externalizing disorders
Authors: Alavi Nazanin , Roberts Nasreen , DeGrace Elizabeth 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to: (a) examine parental socio-demographic factors in children and adolescents referred to an outpatient service for internalizing and externalizing disorders, and (b) compare the demographic variables and diagnoses for the two diagnostic groups.

Methods:
Parents of all children who were referred to the child and adolescent outpatient service were asked to participate. Following their informed consent, they completed a socio-demographic questionnaire for themselves and a Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) for their child. The CBCL scores and the diagnoses assigned by the psychiatrists were then recorded for each child. Diagnoses were classified as internalizing or externalizing based on the primary DSM-IV diagnosis assigned by the psychiatrists. Data for the two groups were compared for study variables using Pearson correlation, t-tests, one-way ANOVA and logistic regression.

Results:
Children who had externalizing disorders tended to live with unemployed single parents who had lower education levels and lived in rented or assisted housing. Children with internalizing problems tended to live in owned homes with employed parents. There was no significant association between age or gender for either group.

Conclusion:
Previous literature has reported an association between low SES and more mental health problems; however, the relationship between different indicators of SES and diagnosis is not clear. Despite small numbers, our study revealed significant differences between the parental socio-demographic factors for externalizing compared with internalizing disorders.
Original Research. Correlation Between Cranial Base Morphology And Various Types Of Skeletal Anomalies
Authors: Panainte Irinel , Suciu Victor , Mártha Krisztina-Ildikó 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background: Previous studies regarding various types of malocclusions have found correlations between the angle of the base of the skull and prognathism. Aim of the study: This cephalometric study sought to investigate the function of the cranium base angle in different types of malocclusion on a group of Romanian subjects. Materials and methods: Forty-four cephalometric radiographs were selected from patients referred to orthodontic treatment. The cephalometric records were digitized, and with the CorelDRAW Graphics Suite X5 software 22 landmarks have been marked on each radiograph. A number of linear and angular variables were calculated. Results: The angle of the base of the skull was found to be higher in Class II Division 1 subjects compared to the Class I group. The cranial base lengths, N-S and S-Ba, were significantly larger in both categories of Class II malocclusion than in Class I patients, but measurements were comparable in Class I and Class III. The SNA angle showed no considerable variation between Class I subjects and the other groups. SNA-SNP was significantly increased above Class I values in Class II Division1 and Class II Division 2 groups. No significant dissimilarities were observed for these lengths between Class I and Class III patients. Conclusions: The angle of the cranium base (S-N-Ba, S-N-Ar) does not have a major role in the progression of malocclusion. In Angle Class II malocclusion the SNA angle is increased, and SNB is increased in malocclusion Class III. The anterior skull base length is increased in Class II anomalies. The length of the maxillary bone base is increased in Class II malocclusions type; in Class III type of malocclusion the length of the mandible bone is increased.
Original Research. Statistical Study Regarding Differences Between the Wax-Up, Mock-Up, and Final Restoration
Authors: Jánosi Kinga , Szász Andrea , Cerghizan Diana 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aesthetic rehabilitation of patients remains a challenge for practicians. To facilitate the clinicians’ and technicians’ task, several innovative methods were developed, like the diagnostic wax-up and mock-up. The width-to-length ratio of the maxillary frontal teeth can be used to evaluate dentofacial aesthetics. Our study presents the variations between the teeth size measured on casts obtained during the prosthodontic treatment.
Original Research. A Two-year Retrospective Study of Emergency Dental Treatments at Mureș County Emergency Hospital
Authors: Dörner Kinga , Kis Melinda , Markovics Emese , Birta Orsolya , Koszta Zsuzsa , Boeriu Cristian , Vass Hajnal , Székely Melinda 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background: Emergency dental care is provided at the Mureș County Emergency Hospital in Tîrgu Mureș since February 2012, however, there is little information available regarding its activity. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and diagnosis of dental emergency cases treated in this dental office over the first two years. Material and methods: This two-year retrospective study was based on the analysis of patients’ dental records who were treated at the Dental Office of the Mureș County Emergency Hospital in Tîrgu Mureș. Results: In the first year 5567 patients were treated, whereas in the second year their number was significantly higher, 7213 patients. Pulp infections presented the highest prevalence in both years: 32.38% and 34.74%, respectively. Compared to the first year (n = 1,803) significantly more cases (p = 0.001) were treated with this diagnosis in the second year (n = 2,506). Periodontal infections were significantly more frequent (p <0.001) in the second year compared to the first - 951 cases (13.18%) vs. 681 (12.23%) cases. Conclusions: The main reasons of emergency dental treatments were dental and periodontal infections. The results suggest that dental care is unaffordable to socially disadvantaged persons, and this fosters radical treatment of pain in this free of charge 24 h dental emergency office.
Original Research. Evaluation of Dental Erosion in a Group of Romanian Children Diagnosed with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Mártha Krisztina , Ogodescu Alexandru , Eșian Daniela , Bica Cristina , Bud Eugen 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a very common digestive disorder, which occurs when the acidic contents of the stomach returns into the esophagus to some extent, reaching the mouth, thereby increasing the frequency of dental erosion and caries. Since saliva plays a huge role in oral homeostasis, it is important to examine the role of this parameter in the appearance of the above mentioned oral lesions. The aim of our study was evaluate the oral condition of children suffering from reflux disease and to assess the relationship between salivary pH and the incidence of dental erosion and caries. In this prospective study we examined 25 children diagnosed with GERD, referred for hospitalization. Bedside intra-oral examination (DMFT index, gingival index) and strip method pH value determination was performed. We observed that patients with low pH values had increased caries frequency, and dental erosion was also noticeable. Statistical significance was determined comparing the DMFT index in groups with different pH values. We concluded that the high number of erosions is closely related to gastroesophageal reflux disease, as a consequence of the low pH value, which represents the main cause of oral manifestations in GERD.
Original Research. The Influence of Desquamative Gingivitis on Periodontal Health
Authors: Monea Monica , Hănțoiu Tudor , Stoica Alexandra , Vlad Ramona , Sitaru Alexandru 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background: Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is a non-plaque-induced, blistering and painful condition occurring most frequently on the labial aspect of the attached gingiva of anterior teeth. The incidence of DG is highest around 50 years of age, and usually indicates the presence of oral or systemic diseases. The purpose of our study was to determine the impact of DG on periodontal health by recording the plaque index, gingival index and gingival bleeding index in a group of patients with DG, compared to healthy controls. Materials and methods: Recordings of specific indices were performed in a group of 26 patients with DG and compared with 24 healthy individuals. These were followed by radiographic examinations in order to assess the loss of marginal alveolar bone. Results: The results showed that patients with DG had a statistically significant increase in periodontal indices, with more gingival inflammation and plaque retention compared to the control group (p <0.05). The highest scores for gingival inflammation were recorded in patients with DG, but on radiographic evaluation the difference was related only to gender, men being more affected by alveolar bone loss in both groups (p <0.05). Conclusions: The incidence and severity of gingival inflammation proved to be higher in patients with DG, which calls for better preventive and maintenance treatment protocols in this group of patients. Early diagnosis and initial-phase periodontal treatment are very important in preventing further tissue breakdown.
Original Research. Surface Roughness Changes of Different Restoration Materials after Tooth Brushing Simulation Using Different Toothpastes
Authors: Dudás Csaba , Forgó Zoltán , Kerekes-Máthé Bernadette 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background: The need for the whitening effects of toothpastes became primary for most users. Changes in the surface roughness of restoration materials after tooth brushing are inevitable, and the abrasion is known to increase the possibility of dental plaque accumulation. Aim of the study: To evaluate in vitro surface roughness changes of different dental restorative materials after tooth brushing simulation. Material and methods: Fifty specimens of two composite materials (Evicrol, Super-Cor), two glass ionomer materials (Glassfill, Kavitan Cem) and a silicate cement (Fritex) were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Each group of specimens was divided in three subgroups for tooth brushing simulation: using two different types of toothpaste and without toothpaste. Before and after 153 hours of tooth brushing simulation with a custom-made device, the surface roughness was measured with a surface roughness tester. Statistical analysis was performed after collecting the data. Results: All materials exhibited changes in surface roughness after the use of both toothpastes. The self-curing composite showed the less change and glass ionomer materials showed the greatest changes in surface roughness. Conclusions: The surface changes of dental materials depended on their composition and the cleaning procedure. Although self-curing composite was the most resistant to surface changes, its surface roughness values were high. Light-curing composite presented the lowest surface roughness values, even after brushing with toothpastes. The “medium” labeled toothbrush caused significant changes without toothpaste on the surface of light-curing composite, glass ionomer and silicate cement materials.
Original Research. Candida in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology: Clinical Findings and Risk Factors
Authors: Petrovan Cecilia , Bereczki-Temistocle Despina Luciana , Man Adrian 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background: Candida, and especially Candida albicans, colonizes the oral mucosa and becomes invasive when the immune system weakens. Therefore, frequently, oral and maxillofacial pathology can be associated with Candida. Objective: The qualitative and quantitative assessment of Candida colonization of the oral cavity in patients with oro-maxillo-facial conditions; to establish an association between the different contributing factors and colonization. Material and methods: Samples were collected from 70 patients hospitalized in the Clinic of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, by rinsing the mouth with sterile saline; historical data were also collected. The samples were analyzed at the Microbiology Laboratory of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureș, using Sabouraud agar medium. For each isolate, the antifungigram for Fluconazole and Voriconazole was performed following the CLSI standards. Results: From the 70 samples 45.7% were positive for 11 different yeast species. Regarding predisposing factors, most importantly, smoking was significantly associated with Candida colonization (OR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.42-3.84; p <0.05). Other factors, such as radiotherapy, oral hygiene or antibiotics, are related, but not statistically significant in our study. Candida albicans was the predominant species (38.8%). The testing of Candida albicans and non-albicans to Fluconazole showed an increased resistance (52.4%) in both cases, while the resistance to Voriconazole was 50% and 12.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Colonization of the oral cavity with Candida is present in about half of the patients with OMF conditions, and this is probably not only due to classical predisposing factors, but also due to chronic oral pathology and to several risk factors like smoking or radiotherapy.
Case Report. Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Crowded Maxillary Anterior Teeth
Authors: Markovics Emese Rita , Dörner Kinga , Birta Orsolya , Popa Julia 
Published: April 2017

Introduction
In this case report we present the aesthetical correction of crowded anterior teeth in a patient who has refused the orthodontic treatment. We also discuss how this correction can be resolved from the point of view of dental prosthetic and what measurements can be helpful in order to collect the data used to restore a satisfying smile on the patient’s face using dental ceramic restoration. Case presentation: A 32-year-old patient complained about his crowded incisors. We examined the incisal curvature, the proportion between the height and the width of the teeth, and the relation between the widths of the teeth and the golden proportion. The results of the measurements were compared to the characteristic values of the ideal denture. After the examination of the dental plaster cast, calculating the difference between the existing space and the necessary space, we were able to calculate the lack of space, which caused the crowded teeth. Conclusion: Along the prosthetic planning, these measurements may serve as a guideline to the dentist as an objective basis for the formation of an aesthetic denture and smile.
Review. The Link between Periodontal Disease, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis — an Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Benedek Theodora 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that results from the activity of altered oral microbiome, leading to altered immune reaction, destruction of tissues supporting the teeth, and oral bone loss. This disease is particularly associated with an expressed systemic inflammation, being considered nowadays an inflammatory disorder. At the same time, inflammation has been recognized to play a major role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Atheromatous plaque formation is triggered by alterations in the structure of the endothelium, which lead to the expression of adhesion molecules and recruitment of immune cells such as macrophages, in the arterial wall. While the association between periodontal disease, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases has been well established, the causality relation between these three entities has not been demonstrated so far. This review presents the most common advances in understanding the complex link between periodontal disease, inflammation and atherosclerosis, as a common pathway leading to increased cardiovascular risk.
Interdisciplinary Treatment of an Adult Patient Using an Adjunctive Orthodontic Approach. Case Report
Authors: Rugina Roxana , Rugina Alexandru , Petri Cristian , Sinescu Cosmin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of this case presentation is to outline some of the advantages that an adjunct orthodontic treatment can offer in a comprehensive oral rehabilitation of an adult patient. Adjunctive orthodontic treatment is usually limited to a dental arch or to a group of teeth within an arch. The purpose of dental movements in this case will be to position the teeth in a way that makes the restoration or replacement of damaged or missing teeth as easy as possible and with minimal dental tissue sacrifice. In addition, the improved position of the teeth will create a healthier periodontal environment that is easier to maintain over time.