bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UVA1 impairs the repair of UVB‐induced DNA damage in normal human melanocytes
Authors: Kimeswenger Susanne , Dingelmaier‐Hovorka Ruth , Foedinger Dagmar , Jantschitsch Christian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe exact correlation between melanoma and sun‐light is still a controversially debated issue. Although natural sunlight contains various ratios of UVA and UVB, most investigators so far focused on the effects of single solar wavebands and neglected possible interactions. Therefore, in this study primary human melanocytes of three donors were simultaneously exposed to physiologic doses of UVA1 and UVB. Effects on apoptosis were analysed using annexin V assays and cell death ELISAs, and effects on DNA damage were investigated using southwestern slot blots. While UVA1 did not influence UVB‐induced apoptosis, UVA1 impaired the repair of UVB‐induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) as the amount of CPD was 1.8 times higher in UVA1 + UVB than in UVB only exposed melanocytes six hours after irradiation. We conclude that UVA1 might contribute to melanomagenesis as it partially inhibits the repair of UVB‐induced CPD in human melanocytes while it does not affect UVB‐mediated apoptosis.
Brief Interventions for Couples: An Integrative Review
Authors: Kanter Jeremy B. , Schramm David G. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo review brief couple interventions (BCIs), with a focus on contributions to theory, development, and implications for practice.BackgroundFor decades, scholars have observed the individual and societal costs of relationship instability. Due to these costs, state and federal agencies have invested millions of dollars in relationship and marriage education programs with the hope of promoting the positive effects associated with healthy relationships. However, the plausibility of many of these interventions has been challenged, suggesting a need for renewed focus on different approaches to promote relationship quality and stability throughout the life course.MethodWe searched numerous databases to review brief interventions used in multiple disciplines. This review resulted in 12 studies ranging from samples of young adults to established couples.ResultsWe found several interventions using distinct delivery methods and theoretical frameworks. These interventions targeted numerous individual and relational processes, such as self‐esteem, distress related to conflict, and gratitude that promoted healthy relationship functioning.ConclusionWe provide evidence that brief interventions influence individual and relational processes by targeting factors relevant to couples across the life course. We ultimately find support for the utility of the vulnerability–stress–adaptation model when developing interventions for couples.ImplicationsOn the basis of our review, we end with numerous practical suggestions for clinicians to adopt when developing programs to promote healthy relationships.
Experience and Brokerage in Asset Markets: Evidence from Art Auctions
Authors: Bruno Brunella , Garcia‐Appendini Emilia , Nocera Giacomo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFocusing on the art market, where auction houses act as brokers between art sellers and buyers, we investigate whether more experienced brokers achieve better performance as information providers and matchmakers. We find that houses with artist‐specific experience are more likely to achieve a sale and provide more precise pre‐sale estimates. These findings suggest that experience in a specific market segment plays an important role for brokers to reduce illiquidity and opacity in markets with asymmetric information. Our analysis also shows that specific experience matters above and beyond other house‐specific factors, including reputation and market power.
Patterns and magnitude of flow alteration in California, USA
Authors: Zimmerman Julie K. H. , Carlisle Daren M. , May Jason T. , Klausmeyer Kirk R. , Grantham Theodore E. , Brown Larry R. , Howard Jeanette K. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Quantifying the natural flow regime is essential for management of water resources and conservation of aquatic ecosystems. Understanding the degree to which anthropogenic activities have altered flows is critical for developing effective conservation strategies. Assessing flow alteration requires estimates of flows expected in the absence of human influence and under current land use and water management.

There are several techniques to predict flows in streams and rivers; however, none have been applied to make predictions of natural flow conditions over large regions and time periods. We utilised machine learning statistical models to predict natural monthly flows (natural streamflows without the influence of water management or anthropogenic land use) in California from 1950 to 2015, using time‐dependent and fixed watershed variables from reference stream gages. These models were then used to make estimates of mean, maximum and minimum monthly flows in all streams in the state.

We compared observed flows measured at 540 stream gages across the state with expected natural flows at the same locations, to quantify the type, frequency and magnitude of flow alteration over the past 20 years (1996–2015). A gage was considered altered if an observed flow metric (monthly mean, annual maximum, annual minimum) fell outside the 80% prediction interval of the modelled flow estimate.

We found that 95% of the 540 stream gages in California had at least 1 month of altered flows over the past 20 years, and 11% of gages were frequently altered (over two‐thirds of the months recorded had evidence of altered flows). The type of alteration varied across the state with flows being either depleted, inflated or a mix of both at different times of the year. Most altered gages (68%) exhibited both depletion and inflation in monthly flows over the time period. Inflation of monthly mean flows was most prevalent during the summer months, while depletion of monthly flows was evident throughout the year.

Type, frequency and magnitude of flow alteration varied by region. Flow depletion was present at >80% of gages in the North Coast and Central Coast, flow inflation was measured at >80% of gages in the South Coast and San Francisco Bay and both depletion and inflation were evident at >80% of gages in the Sacramento River and San Joaquin and Tulare regions. Annual maximum flows were consistently depleted and annual minimum flows were commonly inflated in the Sierra Nevada and Central Valley (Sacramento River and San Joaquin and Tulare regions). This is the first study to comprehensively assess flow alteration at stream gages across California. Understanding the patterns and degree of alteration can aid in prioritising streams for environmental flow assessment and developing conservation strategies for native freshwater biota.
A patient decision aid for risk‐reducing surgery in premenopausal BRCA1/2 mutation carriers: Development process and pilot testing
Authors: Harmsen Marline G. , Steenbeek Miranda P. , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline , van Doorn Helena C. , Gaarenstroom Katja N. , Vos M. Caroline , Massuger Leon F.A.G. , de Hullu Joanne A. , Hermens Rosella P.M.G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundBRCA1/2 mutation carriers’ choice between risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) and salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy is very complex. Aim was to develop a patient decision aid that combines evidence with patient preferences to facilitate decision making.DesignSystematic development of a patient decision aid in an iterative process of prototype development, alpha testing by patients and clinicians and revisions using International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) quality criteria. Information was based on the available literature and current guidelines. A multidisciplinary steering group supervised the process.Setting and participantsPre‐menopausal BRCA1/2 mutation carriers choosing between RRSO and salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy in Family Cancer Clinics in the Netherlands.Main outcome measuresIPDAS quality criteria, relevance, usability, clarity.ResultsThe patient decision aid underwent four rounds of alpha testing and revisions. Finally, two paper decision aids were developed: one for BRCA1 and one for BRCA2. They both contained a general introduction, three chapters and a step‐by‐step plan containing a personal value clarification worksheet. During alpha testing, risk communication and information about premature menopause and hormone therapy were the most revised items. The patient decision aids fulfil 37 of 43 (86%) IPDAS criteria for content and development process.Discussion and conclusionsBoth BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and professionals are willing to use or offer the developed patient decision aids for risk‐reducing surgery. The patient decision aids have been found clear, balanced and comprehensible. Future testing among patients facing the decision should point out its effectiveness in improving decision making.
Apparent resilience of a declining Afro‐Palaearctic migrant to forest loss on the wintering grounds
Authors: Mallord John W. , Orsman Christopher J. , Roberts Japheth T. , Boafo Kwame , Skeen Roger Q. , Sheehan Danaë K. , Vickery Juliet A. 
Published: December 2017

Populations of long‐distance migrant birds are declining but it is unknown what role land cover change in non‐breeding areas may be playing in this process. Using compositional analysis, we assessed habitat selection by one such migrant, the Wood WarblerPhylloscopus sibilatrix, at a wintering site in the forest–savannah transition zone in Eastern Region, Ghana. There was a preference for forest, a habitat that is in marked decline at this site. Annual habitat mapping revealed that the area of forest declined by 26% between 2011/12 and 2013/14, mainly through clearance for conversion to arable land. Numbers of birds changed throughout the season, but despite the reduction in the preferred forest habitat, there was no change in the total number of birds recorded at the site over the study period. The number of birds recorded at a point was positively related to the proportion of cleared land, plantation and, to a lesser extent, dense forest within 100 m. Investigation of the fine‐scale habitat preferences of radiotagged Wood Warblers suggested that there was an optimum number of trees, around 66–143 per hectare, at which estimated probability of occupancy was 0.5, falling to a probability of 0.2 at 25 trees per hectare. We suggest that Wood Warblers may be buffered against the loss of forest habitat by their ability to utilize degraded habitats, such as well‐wooded farmland, that still retain a substantial number of trees. However, the continued loss of trees, from both forest and farmland is ultimately likely to have a negative impact on wintering Wood Warblers in the long‐term.
Resident intestinal eosinophils constitutively express antigen presentation markers and include two phenotypically distinct subsets of eosinophils
Authors: Xenakis Jason J. , Howard Emily D. , Smith Kalmia M. , Olbrich Courtney L. , Huang Yanjun , Anketell Dilanjan , Maldonado Samuel , Cornwell Evangeline W. , Spencer Lisa A. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIntestinal eosinophils are implicated in homeostatic and disease‐associated processes, yet the phenotype of intestinal tissue‐dwelling eosinophils is poorly defined and their roles in intestinal health or disease remain enigmatic. Here we probed the phenotype and localization of eosinophils constitutively homed to the small intestine of naive mice at baseline, and of antigen‐sensitized mice following intestinal challenge. Eosinophils homed to the intestinal lamina propria of naive mice were phenotypically distinguished from autologous blood eosinophils, and constitutively expressed antigen‐presenting cell markers, suggesting that intestinal eosinophils, unlike blood eosinophils, may be primed for antigen presentation. We further identified a previously unrecognized resident population of CD11chi eosinophils that are recovered with intraepithelial leucocytes, and that are phenotypically distinct from both lamina propria and blood eosinophils. To better visualize intestinal eosinophils in situ, we generated eosinophil reporter mice wherein green fluorescent protein expression is targeted to both granule‐delimiting and plasma membranes. Analyses of deconvolved fluorescent z‐section image stacks of intestinal tissue sections from eosinophil reporter mice revealed eosinophils within intestinal villi exhibited dendritic morphologies with cellular extensions that often contacted the basement membrane. Using an in vivo model of antigen acquisition in antigen‐sensitized mice, we demonstrate that both lamina propria‐associated and intraepithelium‐associated eosinophils encounter, and are competent to acquire, lumen‐derived antigen. Taken together these data provide new foundational insights into the organization and functional potential of intestinal tissue‐dwelling eosinophils, including the recognition of different subsets of resident intestinal eosinophils, and constitutive expression of antigen‐presenting cell markers.
Differing phylogeographic patterns within the Indo‐West Pacific mangrove genus Xylocarpus (Meliaceae)
Authors: Guo Zixiao , Guo Wuxia , Wu Haidan , Fang Xiaoting , Ng Wei Lun , Shi Xianggang , Liu Ying , Huang Zhicheng , Li Weixi , Gan Lu , He Sining , Zhong Cairong , Jian Shuguang , Gong Xun , Shi Suhua , Huang Yelin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThe genus Xylocarpus contains two mangrove species, X. granatum and X. moluccensis, and a rare non‐mangrove, X. rumphii. The two mangrove species are ideal models to study the biogeography of coastal plants with a unique dispersal ability, that is via buoyant propagules. We constructed the phylogeny of Xylocarpus and its relatives and determined the population structures of the two mangrove species. We aimed to elucidate the roles of continental drift and long‐distance dispersal (LDD) in shaping the present‐day distribution of Xylocarpus and to determine the factors affecting the patterns of population differentiation.LocationThe Indo‐West Pacific (IWP) region.MethodsThirty populations of X. granatum, 15 of X. moluccensis and four of X. rumphii were sampled across the IWP region. Five chloroplast DNA intergenic spacers were sequenced for Xylocarpus and outgroup species to determine divergence times. The genetic diversity, divergence and structure of the two mangrove species were further analysed using five nuclear and two chloroplast DNA loci. Migrations between oceanic regions were estimated.ResultsThe genus Xylocarpus diverged from its sister genus Carapa approximately 19.4 Ma. The populations of X. granatum differentiated into three groups, with genetic breaks present across the Malay Peninsula and Wallacea, whereas X. moluccensis populations differentiated into two groups, with a genetic break present only across the Malay Peninsula. Migration was also observed between populations of the Southeast Asian and Australasian regions in X. moluccensis but not in X. granatum.Main conclusionSince Xylocarpus originated after the breakup of Gondwana and subsequent plate motions, its current distribution range should have been facilitated by present‐day LDD instead of past continental drift. Despite the capacity of LDD, the presence of differing population structures across land barriers (the Sunda and Sahul Shelves) and ocean currents indicated differential limitations in the dispersal capabilities of X. granatum and X. moluccensis.
A Winteraceae pollen tetrad from the early Paleocene of western Greenland, and the fossil record of Winteraceae in Laurasia and Gondwana
Authors: Grímsson Friðgeir , Grimm Guido W. , Potts Alastair J. , Zetter Reinhard , Renner Susanne S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimWinteraceae comprise c. 130 species in seven genera, with the greatest species diversity in the Pacific (Pseudowintera, Zygogynum), Australia (Bubbia, Tasmannia), New Guinea (Belliolum, Bubbia, Zygogynum, Tasmannia) and Madagascar (Takhtajania). Only Drimys occurs in South America. Because of their Cretaceous leaves, wood and pollen fossils, and their lack of xylem vessels, Winteraceae throw light on early angiosperm evolution. We describe a Winteraceae pollen tetrad from the Paleocene of Greenland, review the family's fossil record and palaeogeography and document its current climate preferences.LocationWorldwide.MethodsExtant and fossil pollen were studied with light and scanning electron microscopy. Molecular phylogenetic and character mapping approaches were used to infer the evolution of pollen characters, and 37,842 collections from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility were used to infer the climate and vegetation types occupied by today's Winteraceae and to compare them to the Paleocene climate and vegetation of Greenland as inferred from the fossil record of other families.ResultsWinteraceae are the only flowering plants with persistent, acalymmate tetrads composed of ulcerate grains with a distinct reticulate sculpturing. The tetrad described here as Pseudowinterapollis agatdalensis Grímsson & Zetter spec. nov. comes from Agatdalen valley in western Greenland and dates to the Early Paleocene, Danian, 64–62 Ma. It shows the complete character suite of modern Winteraceae and overlaps the LM characters of the three previously known Pseudowinterapollis species from Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. The palaeoflora of the Agatdal Formation consisted of a mixed deciduous–evergreen forest resembling habitats where Winteraceae occur today.Main conclusionsMacro‐ and microfossil records of Winteraceae extend back to the Upper Cretaceous in both Laurasia and Gondwana, and the family's biogeography, like that of its sister family, Canellaceae, cannot be understood by focusing only on southern Gondwana. Winteraceae instead were part of broadleaved forests in Paleocene and Eocene North American and Greenland and may have reached Europe via the North Atlantic Land Bridge, explaining Eocene Winteraceae wood in northern Germany.
Assessment of resting energy expenditure and body composition in Japanese pregnant women with diabetes
Authors: Eto Eriko , Maki Jota , Tamada Shoko , Mitsui Takashi , Hayata Kei , Hiramatsu Yuji , Masuyama Hisashi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo measure longitudinal changes in resting energy expenditure and body composition of Japanese pregnant women with or without diabetes.Materials and MethodsThe study population consisted of women who had delivered a live singleton neonate after 22 weeks’ gestation at Okayama University Hospital from July 2013 to June 2017. Resting energy expenditure and body composition were measured in the first trimester, second trimester, third trimester and postpartum.ResultsA total of 144 women participated in this study: 103 with normal glucose tolerance and 41 with diabetes. The resting energy expenditure (kcal/day) of pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance was significantly higher in the third trimester (1,644 ± 234) than in the first (1,461 ± 215) and second trimesters (1,491 ± 219), and postpartum (1,419 ± 254), whereas that of pregnant women with diabetes did not significantly change during all periods (1,568 ± 404, 1,710 ± 332, 1,716 ± 251, 1,567 ± 249). The resting energy expenditure of women with good glycemic control was lower than that of women with poor control. Fat‐free mass was closely correlated with resting energy expenditure.ConclusionsThe resting energy expenditure of Japanese pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance was significantly increased in the third trimester. The resting energy expenditure of women with good glycemic control was lower than that of women with poor control. Resting energy expenditure and fat‐free mass are potential indexes for medical nutrition therapy in pregnant women with diabetes.
Poaching in media: Harm to subscribers?
Authors: Carroni Elias 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTwo media platforms compete for heterogeneous users bothered by commercials and sell advertising spaces to firms. In a two‐period model, media are allowed to condition subscription prices on the past behavior of users. Within‐group price discrimination intensifies media competition on the firms' side, as some firms advertise only on one media outlet (single‐home), where they can meet early users and switchers. As a consequence, advertising revenues are reduced and this puts an upward pressure on subscription prices. However, price discrimination also induces stronger within‐group competition to poach the rival's users. Depending on the balance between these two forces, conditioning subscription prices on past behavior might be beneficial or detrimental to users, whereas it is always detrimental to platforms. In relation to within‐group uniform pricing, total welfare might increase or decrease, as the lower advertising intensity may entail either underprovision or a mitigation of overprovision of advertisements.
Methods for identification and differentiation of different Shewanella spp. isolates for diagnostic use
Authors: Jung‐Schroers V , Jung A , Ryll M , Bauer J , Teitge F , Steinhagen D 
Published: December 2017

AbstractShewanella spp. are Gram‐negative, rod‐shaped, motile bacteria that are widely distributed in marine and freshwater environments. The bacteria are present in the physiological microflora of fish from temperate waters and are known as fish spoilage species. From clinically healthy fish and from fish with skin ulcerations, Shewanella spp. is regularly isolated, indicating a possible role as fish pathogen. In this study, 74 isolates of Shewanella spp. were analysed. For species identification, biochemical techniques, 16S rRNA sequencing, MALDI‐TOF MS and the Sherlock Microbial Identification System (MIS) based on the composition of fatty acid ethyl esters were compared. The phylogenetic relationship, cytotoxicity in vitro and resistance against antibiotics were tested. The most reliable method for species identification was 16S rRNA sequencing. From diseased fish, clinically healthy fish and the aquatic environment, different Shewanella species were isolated. This indicates that Shewanella spp. is widespread in the aquatic milieu and acts as a secondary pathogen. The virulence of Shewanella spp. is probably not depending on the species but on the isolate itself. Many isolates of Shewanella spp. were showing multiresistances against antibiotic substances, especially in samples derived from retailers and in routine diagnostics, all Shewanella spp. should therefore be tested for resistances against antibiotic agents.