bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjective and functional outcome measures to evaluate performance of pediatric cochlear implant
Authors: Bakr Amira Mohamed , Elattar Amal Mohamad , Said Eman Abdel Fattah , Mohamed Hanan A. , Aly Maha Abdelgaber A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The majority of research on the effects of cochlear implants has been on clinical evaluations of efficacy (hearing and speech skills and auditory thresholds). But it is unclear how much clinical efficacy metrics (speech, hearing, and language tests) actually demonstrate how beneficial cochlear implants (CI) are in everyday circumstances. In this study, we aim to assess the performance of a child’s current CI with both subjective and functional outcomes measures. Also, we aimed to assess factors affecting these outcomes after CI.

Methods
The study group included 45 cochlear-implanted children, and their chronological age ranges between 4 and 12 years. Children were divided according to their language age into three groups: group 1 (G1) includes15 children with a language age of less than 2 years, group 2 (G2) includes 15 children with a language age of 2 to less than 4 years, and group 3 (G3) includes 15 children with language age 4 to 6 years. Assessment was done in two sessions: one for phoniatric evaluation and another for audiological evaluation.

Results
CI enabled children to develop speech perception in a closed manner evidenced by the early speech perception (ESP) test with pattern perception being the easiest and monosyllabic words being the most difficult and the least to develop. Most children with CI were able to control their voice, to a lesser extent to use speech in meaningful use in social situations and to develop communication strategies in oral situations which were the least to develop, and this was evident by Meaningful Use of Speech Scale. Children with CI were able to acquire language, and their receptive language was better than expressive language, but their language age was below their chronological age.

Conclusion
The cochlear implant is an effective rehabilitative tool for the treatment of prelingually deafened children, and this was evident by our results. A hierarchal approach of speech assessment according to the language age of the child and selection of age-appropriate speech perception test is very important to assess cochlear-implanted children Speech recognition had a high degree of variability. Early implantation age and increased duration of implant experience were the most important factors associated with good performance with CI, better speech perception, and better language outcomes.
British contributions to the therapeutic use of John Cade's lithium
Authors: Malhi Gin S. , Bell Erica 
Published: October 2024

SummaryCoinciding with the 75th anniversary of John Cade's seminal publication that first reported lithium's antimanic efficacy, we briefly recount the salient findings of the historic paper and draw attention to the important psychiatric research in Britain that reinforced its findings and the critical British opinions that likely impeded its clinical use.
Differential effects of lifetime stressors on major depressive disorder severity: a longitudinal community-based cohort study
Authors: Su Yingying , Li Muzi , Caron Jean , Li Daqi , Meng Xiangfei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Stressors across the lifespan are associated with the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) and increased severity of depressive symptoms. However, it is unclear how lifetime stressors are related to specific MDD subtypes. The present study aims to examine the relationships between MDD subtypes and stressors experienced across the lifespan while considering potential confounders.

Methods
Data analyzed were from the Zone d’Épidémiologie Psychiatrique du Sud-Ouest de Montréal (N = 1351). Lifetime stressors included childhood maltreatment, child–parent bonding, and stressful life events. Person-centered analyses were used to identify the clusters/profiles of the studied variables and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between stressors and identified MDD subtypes. Intersectional analysis was applied to further examine how distal stressors interact with proximal stressors to impact the development of MDD subtypes.

Results
There was a significant association between proximal stressors and melancholic depression, whereas severe atypical depression and moderate depression were only associated with some domains of stressful life events. Additionally, those with severe atypical depression and melancholic depression were more likely to be exposed to distal stressors such as childhood maltreatment. The combinations of distal and proximal stressors predicted a greater risk of all MDD subtypes except for moderate atypical depression.

Conclusions
MDD was characterized into four subtypes based on depressive symptoms and severity. Different stressor profiles were linked with various MDD subtypes. More specific interventions and clinical management are called to provide precision treatment for MDD patients with unique stressor profiles and MDD subtypes.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Genetic Susceptibility, and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Risk
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Zhou Chun , Ye Ziliang , Liu Mengyi , He Panpan , Yang Sisi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Gan Xiaoqin , Qin Xianhui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
The association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and genetic polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) with incident abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains uncertain.

Objective
To investigate whether serum 25(OH)D, genetic polymorphisms of VDR and VDBP, genetic susceptibility to AAA, and the interactions among these factors influence the risk of incident AAA.

Methods
This retrospective UK Biobank cohort study included 447 529 participants without a diagnosis of prevalent aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection at baseline. Association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and incident AAA was assessed.

Results
During a median follow-up of 12.5 years, 2042 participants developed incident AAA. A significant inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and incident AAA was observed (per SD increment, hazard ratio [HR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.96), which was particularly pronounced in older individuals and those without diabetes (both P for interaction &lt; .05). Compared to participants with serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L, those with serum 25(OH)D between 25 and &lt; 50 nmol/L and those with &lt; 25 nmol/L exhibited a significant higher risk of incident AAA. In the 371 621 participants with genetics assessment, individuals carrying AA alleles of ApaI single nucleotide polymorphism had significantly increased risk of incident AAA compared to those carrying CC alleles (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02-1.32). The inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and incident AAA was stronger in individuals with intermediate or high genetic risk for AAA (P for interaction = .048).

Conclusion
There was a significant inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and AAA incidence, particularly among individuals with higher genetic risk for AAA, older age, and without diabetics.
Association Between Radius Axial Low-Frequency Ultrasound Velocity and Bone Fragility in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Pepe Jessica , Colangelo Luciano , Diacinti Daniele , Angelozzi Maurizio , Melone Velia , Pasqualetti Patrizio , Occhiuto Marco , Santori Rachele , Minisola Salvatore , Cipriani Cristiana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
Radius quantitative ultrasound measurement utilizing portable low-frequency (VLF) axial transmission ultrasound for assessing properties of radius cortical bone revealed a possible role as a screening tool prior to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to evaluate fragility fracture in some studies.

Objective
To evaluate this portable ultrasound device as a screening tool of skeletal fragility in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).

Methods
We enrolled 117 postmenopausal women with PHPT. Every subject had a DXA of femur, lumbar spine, nondominant distal one-third radius section, trabecular bone score (TBS) measurement, VLF with a portable device, and spine x-ray.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 68 ± 10 years. The measurement of agreement between radius DXA and VLF was: K = 0.43, P &lt; .001. A lower radius ultrasound T-score, also adjusted for years since menopause and body mass index, was associated with DXA-identified osteoporosis at lumbar and/or femoral neck sites: odds ratio (OR) = 1.852 (CI 1.08, 3.18). All fractures were associated with femoral neck T-score: OR = 1.89 (95% CI 1.24, 2.89), as well as with total hip T-score: OR = 1.65 (95% CI 1.09, 2.50), and years since menopause: OR = 1.25 (95% CI 1.02, 1.54).
Morphometric vertebral fractures were associated with years since menopause: OR = 1.28 (95% CI 1.02, 1.61), femoral neck T-score OR = 1.96 (95% CI 1.227, 3.135), total hip T-score OR = 1.64 (95% CI 1.04, 2.60), TBS OR = 0.779 (95% CI 0.60-0.99), both ultradistal radius T-score: OR = 1.50 (95% CI 1.05, 2.156), and radius ultrasound T-score: OR = 1.67 (95% CI 1.09, 2.56).

Conclusion
VLF could be used for screening purposes prior to DXA to evaluate PHPT fracture risk, only in conditions in which DXA measurement cannot be performed.
In Vivo Contribution of Cyp24a1 Promoter Vitamin D Response Elements
Authors: Meyer Mark B , Lee Seong Min , Towne Jordan M , Cichanski Shannon R , Kaufmann Martin , Jones Glenville , Pike J Wesley 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
CYP24A1 is a multifunctional, P450 mitochondrial enzyme that catabolizes the vitamin D hormone (calcitriol, 1,25(OH)2D3), its precursor (calcifediol, 25(OH)D3), and numerous vitamin D metabolites. In the kidney, Cyp24a1 is induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and potently suppressed by PTH to control the circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D3. Cyp24a1 is controlled by a pair of promoter proximal (PRO) vitamin D response elements (VDREs) that are aided by distal, downstream (DS) enhancers. The downstream 1 region of Cyp24a1 (DS1) enhancer is kidney-specific and responsible for PTH and FGF23 actions, and the downstream 2 region of Cyp24a1 enhancer responds to 1,25(OH)2D3 in all tissues. Despite this knowledge, in vivo contributions of the PRO VDREs to basal expression, FGF23 activation, and PTH suppression of Cyp24a1 remain unknown. In this study, we selectively mutated the PRO VDREs in the mouse to address these questions. We found mutation of the VDREs leads to a dramatic loss of VDR occupancy, a reduction of 1,25(OH)D3-induced kidney Cyp24a1 expression, and near elimination of intestinal Cyp24a1 induction. FGF23 induction of Cyp24a1 was reduced but not eliminated and still showed a synergistic increase with 1,25(OH)2D3. PTH suppression of Cyp24a1 was unchanged, despite minor reductions in total for phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein occupancy. Finally, VDR recruitment was dramatically reduced across the DS enhancers in the Cyp24a1 locus. Taken together, our data suggest a cooperative relationship between the DS and PRO enhancers in the regulation of Cyp24a1 by 1,25(OH)2D3 and FGF23 and points to the DS1 region as a crucial basal switch for Cyp24a1 activity that further defines the interconnected genomic control in vitamin D catabolism.
Risk of Acute Complications with Rocuronium versus Cisatracurium in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Propensity-Matched Study
Authors: Georgakis Nikolas A. , DeShazo Sterling J. , Gomez Jonathon I. , Kinsky Michael P. , Arango Daniel 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) play an integral role in modern anesthesia by facilitating endotracheal tube placement, assisting with mechanical ventilation, and creating optimal surgical conditions. However, NMBAs can have deleterious side effects. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze acute complications of 2 pharmacodynamically similar but pharmacokinetically different NMBAs and their respective reversal agents.

METHODS:
The global research network database, TriNetX, was used to evaluate deidentified patient information from 63 health care organizations. Cohort A was defined as patients aged 18 to 80 years who had chronic kidney disease (CKD) and were administered rocuronium with sugammadex. Cohort B was defined as patients aged 18 to 80 years who had CKD and were administered cisatracurium with neostigmine. Cohorts were propensity matched for age at event, ethnicity, race, sex, and relevant confounding pathologies. All outcomes besides mortality were analyzed from the same day to 1 week after administration of the indexed drug. Mortality was analyzed from the same day to thirty days after administration of the indexed drug.

RESULTS:
A total of 95,740 patients with CKD-administered rocuronium with sugammadex were matched with 10,708 patients with CKD-administered cisatracurium with neostigmine. Patients administered rocuronium with sugammadex had a significantly higher associated risk of respiratory failure (risk ratios [RR], 1.98, confidence interval [CI], 1.71–2.29, P < .0001), acute respiratory distress (RR, 2.70, CI, 1.31–5.58, P = .0052), hypertensive crisis (RR, 1.85, CI, 1.37–2.49, P < .0001), heart failure (RR, 1.14, CI, 1.06–1.23, P = .0004), pleural effusion (RR, 1.30, CI, 1.14–1.49, P < .0001), and 30-day mortality (RR, 1.31, CI, 1.10–1.56, P = .0021).

CONCLUSIONS:
From 2003 to 2023, patients who were administered rocuronium plus sugammadex were at a significantly higher risk for acute cardiovascular and pulmonary complications when compared to patients who were administered cisatracurium plus neostigmine.
Approach to Validate ISPM-15 Compliance for Commercial Treatment Certification of Dielectric Standard Heating of Bulk Solid Wood Packing Materials using Radio Frequency
Authors: Szymona Karolina K. , Janowiak John J. , Mack Ron , Hamelin Mark , Gagnon Mark , Hoover Kelli 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To substantially reduce the risk of alien invasive species moving to new geographic areas, phytosanitary treatment of wood packaging materials (WPM) in compliance with the International Standard of Phytosanitary Measures No. 15 (ISPM-15) is required by trading partners. Approved treatments include conventional heating, methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride fumigation, and dielectric heating (DH). The DH standard was officially adopted in 2013 but has not been practiced commercially due primarily to insufficient operational validation at commercial scale. In 2022, we converted our 50-kW radio frequency (RF) unit with a 1,200-board foot capacity from an oscillator electromagnetic field power generator to a solid-state power supply, which allows for selective power input adjustments during treatment; we also switched from a five-plate to a three-plate winged electrode system to improve heating uniformity. Each loading cycle can treat sufficient material to build ∼94 standard Grocery Manufacturers Association pallets. Our research team characterized the dielectric heating pattern and options for monitoring wood temperatures over a wide-ranging test matrix of WPM that varied by wood species, dimension, moisture content, and loading configuration. We found that this upgraded RF system markedly reduced treatment times and improved heating uniformity, allowing us to develop methods that can be used to verify compliance with ISPM-15 for improved technology transfer to industry. We also discuss the operational cost of RF treatment and make general cost comparisons to conventional heat treatment for WPM.
Efficient pretraining model based on multi-scale local visual field feature reconstruction for PCB CT image element segmentation
Authors: Chen Chen , Qiao Kai , Yang Jie , Chen Jian , Yan Bin 
Published: October 2024

Element segmentation is a key step in nondestructive testing of printed circuit boards
(PCBs) based on computed tomography (CT) technology. In recent years,
there has been rapid development of self-supervised pretraining
technology that can obtain general image features without labeled
samples and then uses a small amount of labeled samples to solve
downstream tasks, which has good potential in PCB element
segmentation. At present, a masked image modeling (MIM) pretraining
model has been initially applied in PCB CT image element segmentation.
However, due to the small and regular size of PCB elements such as
vias, wires, and pads, the global visual field has redundancy for a
single-element reconstruction, which may damage the performance of the
model. Based on this issue, we propose an efficient pretraining model
based on multi-scale local visual field feature reconstruction for PCB
CT image element segmentation (EMLR-seg). In this model, the
teacher-guided MIM pretraining model is introduced into PCB CT image
element segmentation for the first time, to our knowledge, and a
multi-scale local visual field extraction (MVE) module is proposed to
reduce redundancy by focusing on local visual fields. At the same
time, a simple four-Transformer-blocks decoder is used. Experiments
show that EMLR-seg can achieve 88.6% mIoU on the PCB CT image dataset
we proposed, which exceeds 1.2% by the baseline model, and the
training time is reduced by 29.6 h, a reduction of 17.4% under
the same experimental condition, which reflects the advantage of
EMLR-seg in terms of performance and efficiency.
Compact Si-SiN photonic fiber optic gyroscope transceiver for large volume manufacturing
Authors: Lu Zhizhou , Fu Hongmin , Sun Daoxin , Liu Huacheng , Jiao Hongchen , Fan Shijia , Gao Shan , Li Tonghui , Wang Lingyu , Jin Li , Zhao Heng , Liu Wenxuan , Liu Jian , Yu Haipeng , Ren Zhuoheng , Cui Naidi , Xu Wenyuan , Feng Lishuang , Guo Jin , Feng Junbo 
Published: October 2024

Miniaturized interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes (IFOGs) providing high-precision angular measurement are highly desired in various smart applications. In this work, we present a high-performance Si-SiN photonic FOG transceiver composed of an optical source, polarizer, splitter, and on-chip germanium (Ge) photodetector (PD). The transceiver is assembled in a standard butterfly package with a thermo-electric cooler (TEC). The optical loss (including two edge couplers, as well as one 3 dB splitter) and polarization extinction ratio (PER) are less than 7 dB and greater than 20 dB at room temperature, respectively. Built with the polarization maintaining (PM) fiber coil with 70 mm average diameter and 580 m length, the transceiver-based IFOG exhibits record-low bias stability of 0.022 deg/h at an integration time of 10 s, the angular random walk (ARW) of 0.0012 deg/h, and the bias instability of 0.003 deg/h, to the best of our knowledge. The preliminary reliability test agrees well with the practical requirements. Our work verifies that the on-chip Ge PD is eligible for high-performance FOG applications. Leveraged with the typical CMOS compatible 8-inch (200 mm diameter wafers) silicon photonics platform and decreased fiber splicing points, the presented transceiver provides a promising solution toward a low-loss and miniaturized FOG system with large volume manufacturing capability.
An integrated active case detection and management of skin NTDs in yaws endemic health districts in Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana
Authors: Tchatchouang Serges , Basing Laud A. , Kouadio-Aboh Hugues , Handley Becca L. , G-Beiras Camila , Amanor Ivy , Ndzomo Philippe , Bakheit Mohammed , Becherer Lisa , Knauf Sascha , Müller Claudia , Njih-Tabah Earnest , Njamnshi Theophilus , Crucitti Tania , Borst Nadine , Lüert Simone , Frischmann Sieghard , Gmoser Helena , Landmann Emelie , Sylla Aboubacar , Kouamé-Sina Mireille S. , Arhinful Daniel , Awondo Patrick , Menguena Gely , Harding-Esch Emma-Michèle , Tano Adingra , Kaloga Mamadou , Koffi-Aboa Paul , Konama-Kotey Nana , Mitjà Oriol , Eyangoh Sara , Kwasi-Addo Kennedy , Ngazoa-Kakou Solange , Marks Michael 
Published: October 2024

Background
Integrated approaches to mapping skin Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) may be cost-effective way to guide decisions on resource mobilization. Pilot studies have been carried out, but large-scale data covering multiple countries endemic for skin NTDs are lacking. Within the LAMP4YAWS project, we collected integrated data on the burden of multiple skin NTDs.

Methods
From March 2021 to March 2023, integrated case searches for yaws alongside other skin conditions were performed in endemic health districts of yaws in Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, and Ghana. Integrated activities included training, social mobilization and active case detection. Initial screening involved a brief clinical examination of participants to determine if any skin conditions were suspected. Cases of skin NTDs were then referred to a health facility for appropriate management.

Results
Overall 61,080 individuals screened, 11,387 (18.6%) had skin lesions. The majority of individuals (>90%) examined were children aged 15 years old and under. The proportion of serologically confirmed yaws cases was 8.6% (18/210) in Cameroon, 6.8% (84/1232) in Côte d’Ivoire, and 26.8% (440/1643) in Ghana. Other skin conditions based on clinical examination included: scabies, Buruli ulcer, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis (lymphoedema and hydrocele), tungiasis, and fungal infections. The most common conditions were scabies and superficial fungal infections. In Cameroon, scabies and superficial fungal infections accounted for 5.1% (214/4204) and 88.7% (3730/4204) respectively, 25.2% (1285/5095) and 50.4% (2567/5095) in Côte d’Ivoire. In Ghana, 20% (419/2090) of individuals had scabies but superficial fungal infections were not routinely recorded and were reported in only 1.3% (28/2090). Other skin NTDs were less common across all three countries.

Conclusion
This study confirms that integrated screening allows simultaneous detection of multiple skin NTDs, maximising use of scarce resources.