bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased seed predation in the second fruiting event during an exceptionally long period of community‐level masting in Borneo
Authors: Iku Asano , Itioka Takao , Kishimoto‐Yamada Keiko , Shimizu‐kaya Usun , Mohammad Fatimah Bte , Hossman Mohamad Yazid , Bunyok Azimah , Rahman Mohd Yusuf Abd , Sakai Shoko , Meleng Paulus 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn Southeast Asian tropical rainforests, community‐level masting (CM) occurs at irregular intervals of 2–10 years. During CM periods, many plant species from various families synchronously flower and subsequently undergo community‐level fruiting. Seed predation is a key factor in understanding the ecological and evolutionary factors affecting CM. Masting is proposed to decrease seed mortality due to predation in two ways: by depressing predator abundance through extended and unpredictable absences of seeds; and by satiating predators via mass seed production (predator satiation hypothesis). If the hypothesis is valid in these rainforests, the incidence of seed predation will be higher in a fruiting event that occurs soon after a previous fruiting event, because the intervening period of seed absence would be inadequate to starve the predators. In this study, we examined seed predation by insects, focusing on five dipterocarp species that exceptionally reproduced twice during an extended CM period. All of the five species suffered more intense seed predation in the second fruiting event, consistent with the prediction expected from the predator satiation hypothesis. Weevils, bark beetles and mammals were the main cause of increased seed predation in three, one and one plant species, respectively. However, seed predation intensity did not increase during the second fruiting event in a few combinations of predator and plant species. We discuss the possibility that competition for seeds among predators and/or the interspecific differences in life history traits among predators might affect the varying intensities of seed predation among dipterocarp species by different seed predators.
Relationship violence victimization and binge drinking trajectories among a nationally representative sample of adolescents
Authors: Walsh Kate , Moreland Angela M. , Hanson Rochelle F. , Resnick Heidi S. , Saunders Benjamin E. , Kilpatrick Dean G. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe present study evaluated the impact of relationship violence (RV) victimization on the longitudinal trajectory of binge drinking (BD) among 3614 US adolescents (51.2% male) who participated in an initial telephone interview regarding physical and sexual RV victimization and binge drinking. Two follow‐up phone interviews were completed over approximately three years. Multilevel modeling revealed small, but significant, increases in BD over time; older adolescents and those who had ever experienced RV victimization were more likely to report BD at Wave 1 compared to younger adolescents and non‐victims. Although new RV victimization reported during the study predicted an increase in the likelihood of BD at that occasion, those who had ever experienced RV victimization were less likely to report BD over time compared to non‐victims. Contrary to expectations, no sex differences emerged. Findings indicate that BD may precede RV. Interventions to reduce alcohol‐related RV may be especially useful in this population.
Psychoeducational groups for adults with ADHD and their significant others (PEGASUS): A pragmatic multicenter and randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hirvikoski T. , Lindström T. , Carlsson J. , Waaler E. , Jokinen J. , Bölte S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjective:To examine the feasibility, efficacy, and effectiveness of PEGASUS, a group-based structured psychoeducation for adults with ADHD and their significant others.Method:A pragmatic parallel group add-on design multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted, comparing an 8-session treatment with PEGASUS (allocated n = 97; 48 with ADHD and 49 with significant others) to treatment as usual (TAU, allocated n = 82; 39 with ADHD and 43 significant others). Participants (individuals with ADHD and significant others) were recruited from five psychiatric outpatient departments and block randomized to PEGASUS or TAU. Knowledge about ADHD was measured using the ADHD 20 scale pre- and post-intervention and served as primary outcome.Results:Knowledge about ADHD (d = 0.97 [95% CI: 0.61–1.31]) increased following PEGASUS participation compared to TAU. Improvements were also observed in secondary outcomes e.g. global life satisfaction (d = 0.25 [95% CI: from –0.09 to 0.59]). Overall treatment satisfaction was good. Over 90% of the participants completed the program. Post-intervention data was obtained from n = 89 in PEGASUS group and n = 70 in TAU group and analyses were conducted per protocol. No important adverse effects or side effects were observed.Conclusions:Group-based structured psychoeducation PEGASUS for adults with ADHD and their significant others is a feasible, efficacious, and effective treatment option to increase ADHD knowledge and general life satisfaction in psychiatric outpatient care.
Alfabetización en salud de una comunidad universitaria del noroeste de México en el año 2016
Authors: Mávita-Corral Carlos Javier 
Published: May 2017

Introducción: Desde su aparición en 1974, el término alfabetización en salud ha asumido cada vez más importancia; se refiere a la habilidad para acceder, comprender y evaluar la información en salud para tomar decisiones. La población con una inadecuada alfabetización en salud representa un grupo vulnerable. Se carece de investigaciones al respecto en colectividades educativas.
Objetivo: Medir y analizar el nivel de alfabetización en salud de una comunidad universitaria del noroeste de México.
Método: Estudio transversal analítico. Mediante un muestreo probabilístico estratificado se incluyeron 477 individuos: alumnos, académicos, administrativos y empleados; 68.34% correspondió a mujeres; edad media 29.6 años. Previa autorización verbal, se aplicó el European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire, versión en español, elaborado por el Consorcio HLS-EU, coordinado por la Universidad de Maastricht y financiado por la Comisión Europea. Se recogieron también antecedentes de salud, estudiándose su relación con el grado de alfabetización en salud a través de la prueba 2 de Pearson y t de Student.
Resultados: El 8.17% presentó un índice de alfabetización en salud inadecuado; 43.39%, problemático; 39.83%, suficiente; 8.59%, excelente. Las variables asociadas más significativamente (p < 0.01) con un resultado deficiente fueron: pertenecer al grupo de administrativos, padecer enfermedades crónicas, uso frecuente de los servicios de urgencias, constante asistencia a consultas médicas y sedentarismo.
Conclusiones: La mitad (51.56%, 95% IC 47.09-56.03) de esta comunidad universitaria cuenta con un nivel insuficiente de educación en salud. En virtud de su impacto social, es necesario implementar este tema como un eje estratégico en las instituciones educativas superiores.
Apuntes históricos sobre la formación de médicos especialistas en México desde la evolución educativa
Authors: Vázquez Martínez Francisco Domingo 
Published: May 2017

Introducción: Se estudió la formación de médicos especialistas en México desde la perspectiva de la evolución educativa. Según esta, la formación profesional se inicia, en la etapa artesanal, con la incorporación inmediata del aprendiz al trabajo. Posteriormente, los saberes, las habilidades y las actitudes profesionales se organizan en programas educativos en instituciones escolares autónomas del ámbito laboral, características de la etapa escolar. ¿Puede la teoría de la evolución educativa contribuir al conocimiento de la historia de la formación de médicos especialistas en México?
Objetivo: Explorar la pertinencia del enfoque y, en su caso, dar respuesta a la pregunta planteada.
Método: Relectura, desde la perspectiva de la evolución educativa, de bibliografía publicada sobre la formación de médicos especialistas en México, el reconocimiento delposgrado como ciclo de estudios en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y el Movimiento Médico de 1964-1965.
Resultados: En la formación de médicos especialistas en México, durante todo el siglo XX, se vinculan los papeles de estudiante y trabajador, primero en el aprendiz y después en el residente. Esto es, se puede identificar claramente la etapa artesanal. En esta se distinguen 3 periodos: tutelar, conformacional y de aval universitario. En el Movimiento Médico de 1964-1965 los residentes exigieron ser reconocidos como trabajadores y en la Ley Federal del Trabajo de 1970 quedaron definidos como tales.
Conclusiones: La Ley Federal del Trabajo de 1970 legitimó la etapa artesanal para la formación de médicos especialistas; garantizó fuerza de trabajo a las instituciones de salud, subordinó el proceso educativo al trabajo, e imposibilita el paso hacia la etapa escolar y el despliegue de todo el potencial existente en el país para la formación de médicos especialistas.
Prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en residentes de Pediatría de un hospital
Authors: Medina Myriam Lucrecia , Medina Marcelo Gabriel , Gauna Nélida Teresita , Molfino Luciana , Merino Luis Antonio 
Published: May 2017

Introducción: La residencia médica es una etapa de gran estrés; pudiendo contribuir a la aparición del síndrome de burnout (SBO) y depresión. No obstante, a pesar de la importancia de este síndrome para la salud del profesional y de pacientes, ha sido poco estudiado en residentes de Pediatría.
Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia del SBO en médicos residentes de Pediatría de un hospital.
Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se aplicó en forma anónima, voluntaria, el cuestionario de Maslach Burnout Inventory a residentes de Pediatría del hospital pediátrico referente. Las variables analizadas fueron: sexo, edad, estado civil, año de la residencia, SBO. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados mediante programa SPSS (v.13.0).
Resultados: Quedaron incluidos 18 residentes de los cuales 4 fueron (R1); 6 (R2) y 8 (R3). Del total 14 fueron mujeres y 4 hombres, con un rango de 25 a 32 años (edad media: 28 años). La tasa de respuesta fue del 100%, hallándose SBO en el 100% de los residentes. Los valores obtenidos de las subescalas fueron de 18 residentes: 9 con alto cansancio emocional (CE); 12 con alta despersonalización (DP) y 11 con baja realización personal (RP). Del análisis del cuestionario de Maslach Burnout Inventory se desprende que de 4 (R1) se halló: 3 con bajo CE; 2 con baja DP y Autor 4 con baja RP. En tanto que de 6 (R2): 4 presentaron baja RP y 3 tuvieron entre alto y moderado CE y DP. Mientras que de 8 (R3): todos presentaron alta DP y 5 con alto CE y 3 con bajo RP. Se halló que el SBO en todos los casos fue moderado.
Conclusiones: Todos los residentes de la especialidad de Clínica Pediátrica de este hospital presentaron valores compatibles con SBO, siendo el componente más afectado la alta DP.
Diagnostic dilemmas in Alzheimer's disease: Room for shared decision making
Authors: van der Flier Wiesje M. , Kunneman Marleen , Bouwman Femke H. , Petersen Ronald C. , Smets Ellen M.A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe launch of the NIA‐AA research criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis illustrates the large advances that have been made in the field of AD diagnosis. These new possibilities however also introduce new dilemmas into the consulting room, and this provides room for shared decision making (SDM). SDM refers to clinicians and patients (and/or their caregivers) working together to decide which care plan best fits individual patients and their lives, when there is more than one reasonable option. Here, we describe how SDM in the diagnosis of AD promotes patient‐centered care, as it helps to adapt the diagnostic process to the patients' values and preferences. We provide an outline for a research agenda, as SDM in the diagnosis of dementia should be studied intensively incorporating the views of both patients and caregivers.
Statistical competencies for medical research learners: What is fundamental?
Authors: Enders Felicity T. , Lindsell Christopher J. , Welty Leah J. , Benn Emma K. T. , Perkins Susan M. , Mayo Matthew S. , Rahbar Mohammad H. , Kidwell Kelley M. , Thurston Sally W. , Spratt Heidi , Grambow Steven C. , Larson Joseph , Carter Rickey E. , Pollock Brad H. , Oster Robert A. 
Published: May 2017

IntroductionIt is increasingly essential for medical researchers to be literate in statistics, but the requisite degree of literacy is not the same for every statistical competency in translational research. Statistical competency can range from ‘fundamental’ (necessary for all) to ‘specialized’ (necessary for only some). In this study, we determine the degree to which each competency is fundamental or specialized.MethodsWe surveyed members of 4 professional organizations, targeting doctorally trained biostatisticians and epidemiologists who taught statistics to medical research learners in the past 5 years. Respondents rated 24 educational competencies on a 5-point Likert scale anchored by ‘fundamental’ and ‘specialized.’ResultsThere were 112 responses. Nineteen of 24 competencies were fundamental. The competencies considered most fundamental were assessing sources of bias and variation (95%), recognizing one’s own limits with regard to statistics (93%), identifying the strengths, and limitations of study designs (93%). The least endorsed items were meta-analysis (34%) and stopping rules (18%).ConclusionWe have identified the statistical competencies needed by all medical researchers. These competencies should be considered when designing statistical curricula for medical researchers and should inform which topics are taught in graduate programs and evidence-based medicine courses where learners need to read and understand the medical research literature.
Carbonaceous and siliceous Neoproterozoic vase-shaped microfossils (Urucum Formation, Brazil) and the question of early protistan biomineralization
Authors: Morais Luana , Fairchild Thomas Rich , Lahr Daniel J.G. , Rudnitzki Isaac D. , Schopf J. William , Garcia Amanda K. , Kudryavtsev Anatoliy B. , Romero Guilherme R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractVase-shaped microfossils (VSMs) occur in dolomitic extraclasts of indeterminate provenance within the basal diamictite of the Neoproterozoic Urucum Formation (Jacadigo Group) of west-central Brazil, having an age constrained between 889±44 Ma (K-Ar; basement rocks) and 587±7 Ma (40Ar/39Ar age of early metamorphic cryptomelane in overlying manganese ore). Early isopachous carbonate cement entombed these VSMs, preserving rare direct evidence of original wall composition that is carbonaceous (now kerogenous) in practically all specimens. Some tests are siliceous or composed of a quartz-kerogen mixture; secondary replacement explains some features of these tests, but original biomineralization seems more likely for others. This interpretation, coupled with test morphology, suggests affinity to arcellinid testate amoebae. Five VSM taxa are recognized in the deposit:Cycliocyrillium simplexPorter, Meisterfeld, and Knoll, 2003, andC.torquataPorter, Meisterfeld, and Knoll, 2003, originally described in the Chuar Group (USA), and three new monospecific genera—Palaeoamphora urucumensen. gen. n. sp.,Limeta lageniformisn. gen. n. sp., andTaruma ratan. gen. n. sp. Most of the taxonomically important characteristics of these VSMs occur also in extant testate amoebae, but the combinations of some characters, such as organic-walled tests having exceptionally long necks that exhibit terminal apertures (L.lageniformisn. gen. n. sp.), are evidently novel additions to the known diversity of Neoproterozoic VSMs. Evidence of glacially influenced deposition in the conformably overlying Santa Cruz Formation may indicate that the Urucum Formation slightly preceded or was penecontemporaneous with a major Neoproterozoic glaciation, although the VSM-hosting extraclasts must be older, possibly rivaling the age of the testate amoebae of the Chichkan Formation (766±7 Ma) that are currently regarded as the oldest record of protists in the geological record.
The first Ordovician cyclocystoid (Echinodermata) from Gondwana and its morphology, paleoecology, taphonomy, and paleogeography
Authors: Reich Mike , Sprinkle James , Lefebvre Bertrand , Rössner Gertrud E. , Zamora Samuel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMoroccodiscus smithirepresents a new cyclocystoid genus and species based on moldic specimens from the Middle Ordovician Taddrist Formation (Darriwilian) of SE Morocco. This represents the earliest articulated member of the Cyclocystoidea and is the first complete cyclocystoid described from the Ordovician of Gondwana, as well as the first cyclocystoid ever recorded from Africa. The anatomy and morphology of this new species were studied using a combination of conventional paleontological methods and nondestructive X-ray computed tomography. BecauseMoroccodiscusdiffers from other cyclocystoids, in particular by lacking cupules attached to the marginal ossicles, it is assigned to the new family Moroccodiscidae. This new taxon illustrates the relatively poorly known early diversification of these enigmatic extinct echinoderms and sheds light on the mode of life of cyclocystoids, including injuries to plate circlets during early ontogeny and folding of these disk-like specimens at the time of death. The overall thecal shape was very similar in cyclocystoids and many domal edrioasteroids, probably because they were both sessile or attached, benthic, suspension feeders. However, many oral surface, ambulacral, and marginal ring features had become very different, indicating that these two groups had either converged because of similar life modes or were only distantly related sister groups.
A comparison of immersive virtual reality with traditional neuropsychological measures in the assessment of executive functions
Authors: Davison Sophie Melissa Clare , Deeprose Catherine , Terbeck Sylvia 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThis study investigated immersive virtual reality (IVR), as a novel technique to test executive function of healthy younger and older adults. We predicted IVR tasks to have greater predictive power than traditional measures when assessing age-related cognitive functioning due to the real-world validity of the tasks.MethodsParticipants (n=40) completed the Stroop colour–word test and the trail-making test (TMT) as traditional and commonly used assessments of executive functioning. Participants then completed three IVR tasks; a seating arrangement task, an item location task (both set in a virtual chemistry lab), and a virtual parking simulator.ResultsYounger adults completed significantly more parking simulator levels (p<0.001), placed significantly more objects (p<0.001), and located significantly more items than older adults (p<0.01), demonstrating higher levels of performance. Significant correlations were found between performance on traditional neuropsychological measures and IVR measures. For example, Stroop CW performance significantly correlated with the number of parking simulator levels completed (τ=0.43, p<0.01). This suggests that IVR measures assess the same underlying cognitive constructs as traditional tasks. In addition, IVR measures contributed a significant percentage of the explained variance in age.ConclusionIVR measures (i.e. number of parking simulator levels completed and number of objects placed in the seating arrangement task) were found to be stronger contributors than existing traditional neuropsychological tasks in predicting age-related cognitive decline. Future research should investigate the implementation of these real-world-based tasks in clinical groups given this promising initial work.
RNA interference-mediated knockdown of some genes involved in digestion and development of Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Vatanparast M. , Kazzazi M. , Mirzaie-asl A. , Hosseininaveh V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHelicoverpa armigera is a significant agricultural pest and particularly notorious for its resistance to many types of common insecticides. RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing and trigged by double-strand RNA (dsRNA), has become a widely used reverse genetics and potent tool for insect pest control. In this study, the effect of ingestion and injection delivery methods of dsRNA related two important enzyme genes, α-amylase (HaAMY48, Ha-AMY49) and juvenile hormone esterase (Ha-JHE), were examined on growth and development of H. armigera. After 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of feeding bioassay, significant down regulation was observed about; 56, 68, 78, 80.75% for HaAMY48, 60, 70, 86.5 and 96.75%, for Ha-AMY49 and 14, 27.5, 23 and 31.7% for Ha-JHE, respectively. The results for injection assay was 61.5, 71.5, 74 and 95.8% for Ha-AMY48; 70, 88, 91.5 and 97.7% for Ha-AMY49 and 22, 61, 75 and 74% for Ha-JHE after 24, 48 and 72 h of last injecting, respectively. Larvae that treated with dsRNA, fed or injected, lost more than half of their weight. 50% mortality in treated larvae was observed in the case injection bioassay with dsHa-JHE and 59% of larvae that fed of dsRNA-treated cubes survived. DsHa-AMY48 and 49 have significant mortality, but mixing of them is more effective in both bioassays. Injection bioassay has a potent inhibitory effect on α-amylase-specific activity about more than 87% in treated larvae with mix of dsHa-AMY48 and 49. Adult malformation percent was evaluated for feeding (28, 35.5 and 43% for Ha-AMY48, 49 and Ha-JHE, respectively) and injection bioassay (23, 42 and 29% for Ha-AMY48, 49 and Ha-JHE, respectively). All these finding suggest that Ha-AMY48, Ha-AMY49 and Ha-JHE can be new candidates to scheming effective dsRNAs pesticide for H. armigera control.
Biochemical studies of amylase, lipase and protease in Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) populations fed with Vigna unguiculata grain cultivated with diazotrophic bacteria strains
Authors: Silva L.B. , Torres É.B. , Nóbrega R.A.S. , Lopes G.N. , Vogado R.F. , Pavan B.E. , Fernandes-Junior P.I. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of homogenates of insects fed on grain of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.), cultivars grown with different nitrogen sources. For the experiment we used aliquots of the homogenate of 100 unsexed adult insects, emerged from 10 g of grain obtained from four cowpea cultivars: ‘BRS Acauã’, ‘BRS Carijó’, ‘BRS Pujante’, and ‘BRS Tapaihum’ grown under different regimes of nitrogen sources: mineral fertilizer, inoculation with strains of diazotrophs (BR 3267, BR 3262, BR 3299; INPA 03–11B, 03–84 UFLA, as well as the control (with soil nitrogen). The parameters evaluated were enzymatic activities of insect protease, amylase and lipase and the starch content of the grains. There were differences in the enzymatic activity of amylase, lipase and protease of insect homogenate according to the food source. A lower activity of the enzyme amylase from C. maculatus homogenate was observed when insects were fed grain of the cultivar BRS Carijó. A lower activity of lipase enzyme from C. maculatus homogenate was observed when the insects fed on grain from the interaction of the cultivar Tapaihum inoculated with BR 3262 diazotrophs. The lowest proteolytic activity was observed in homogenate of insects fed on interaction of ‘BRS Carijó’ inoculated with BR 3262 diazotrophs. Starch content correlated positively with the amylase activity of C. maculatus homogenate. The cultivar BRS Carijó had a different behavior from the other cultivars, according to the cluster analysis.