bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artikel
Authors: Bogren Alexandra 
Published: January 2018

■ Aim The point of departure of this article is a campaign undertaken during spring 2003 by the Swedish NGO Föräldraföreningen Mot Narkotika (Parents Against Narcotics). The organisation started in 1968 as a group of parents getting together and offering each other mutual support as well as carrying on an open house enterprise for misusers in an apartment in Stockholm, the organisation has now become an important participant in Swedish official drug discourse. The campaign in question was directed towards all parents in Sweden with children born in 1991. The purpose of this study is to analyse how FMN as an important actor in Swedish drug policy talks about youth, alcohol and drugs through their campaign and how the subject positions ‘teenager’ and ‘parent’, are established through this talk. ■ Method The analysis of the campaign material centres on discussing what properties are linked to these subject positions, how parents and youth/teenagers are described. ■ Results and Conclusion Normal adolescence tends to be seen as never involving drug use and there is a tendency to see the relationship between teenagers and their parents as a relationship characterized by inherent conflict and hostility, sometimes manifested in metaphorical terms suggestive of war. The conceivable consequences of this, as well as of other central divisions in the data – such as the nuclear family as an inherently good unit and misuse as choice – are discussed in the article.
Artikel
Authors: Ravndal Edle , Lauritzen Grethe 
Published: January 2018

■ Aim This is the first prospective treatment study of a wide spectrum of treatment programmes for drug abusers in Norway. The aim of this article is to describe client characteristics, treatment compliance and to what extent client characteristics may predict treatment completion. ■ Methods and Data 482 clients who entered 20 programmes during the period 1998–2000 were investigated according to four different treatment types: residential treatment, youth collectives, outpatient psychiatric youth teams, and outpatient maintenance treatment. The following instruments were used: EuropASI, MCMI-II, SCL-25. ■ Results Clients who were recruited to the four types of treatment had partly different backgrounds, the differences being primarily related to age. Clients in the youth collectives, in which compulsory treatment was partly used, completed treatment most often (55%). The retention rate in outpatient maintenance treatment was 66%. The negative predictors for completion of inpatient treatment were personality disorder, three or more previous inpatients stays and 11 or more years with use of syringes, while being 40 years or more was a positive predictor. ■ Conclusions Treatment alone is limited in affecting the psychosocial problems of drug abusers irrespective of the best referral policy and treatment programmes. Maintaining motivation for a change of lifestyle outside of treatment is a political challenge that not only the treatment field should be responsible for.
Men's emotional inexpressivity: advertising for psychotropic drugs in Scandinavian medical journals
Authors: Heikell Thomas , Riska Elianne 
Published: January 2018

Aim Men's use of psychotropics and the portrayal of men in psychotropic drug advertising have been underresearched and undertheorized in past research on psychotropics. The focus on women's health as the primary target of medicalization and commodification has scanted the same processes for men. This study aims to illuminate the construction of patienthood in the patient portrayals of men's mental health. Method A quantitative and qualitative analysis was done of all the advertisements (N=366) for psychotropics that appeared in the national medical journal in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden in 2000. Results In the gender portryal of men in the psychotropic ads two images of men's patienthood were constructed: men's relational problems with family and men as victims of ontological insecurity.
The rationality of the prevention of substance abuse from the local authorities' point of view
Authors: Karlsson Thomas , Törrönen Jukka 
Published: January 2018

In Finland, the role of the state in reorganising alcohol policy has become that of an information guide, and the responsibility for practical arrangements has been increasingly delegated to municipalities. With the dismantling of the state-run centralised alcohol policy system, the focus has been shifted to the prevention of substance abuse at the local level. The reorganisations have intensified the pressure to find adequate methods for preventing substance abuse at the local level. In this article, we will discuss the pressures created by the dismantling of the state-run alcohol policy and the decentralisation of responsibility in the context of three cities. Our data consists of interviews with authorities from Helsinki, Tampere, and Lappeenranta who have actively participated in local co-operation projects in the substance abuse field. The data was analysed from two different perspectives. First, we studied the data from the information perspective by examining how familiar our interviewees were with the recent history of alcohol policy and the changes in the alcohol policy system. We were also interested in their views on the reorganisations in the prevention of substance abuse and the reallocation of resources. Then, we analysed our data with the tools provided by the positioning theory and semiotic sociology. A common feature for all three cities was that the prevention of substance abuse was perceived as the correct method for preventing and treating substance abuse problems. The role of the third sector in the prevention of substance abuse grew in the 1990s, which was also deemed important. Differences emerged between cities, for example, in the identification of substance abuse problems. In Helsinki and Tampere, mixed substance abuse was categorised as the most serious substance abuse problem, whereas in Lappeenranta alcohol abuse was regarded as such. Differences were also apparent in the ways in which authorities positioned themselves in the welfare tradition of restrictive alcohol policy. Interviewees from Helsinki and Tampere saw the reorganisations in alcohol policy as a change of direction within the old tradition. The prevailing opinion in Lappeenranta was that the prevention of substance abuse has created space for the revival of collective responsibility in the spirit of old village communities. Helsinki was clearly lagging behind in the development of networks within the substance abuse field. Authorities from Helsinki admitted that the co-operation network between authorities was still in its infancy, whereas authorities from Tampere and Lappeenranta maintained that a sustainable co-operation scheme had been in progress for a long time.
Metaanalyser som grundlag for evidensbaseret misbrugsbehandling: En diskussion af fem metaanalyser af behandlingseffekter
Authors: Hesse Morten 
Published: January 2018

Evidence-based medicine rests on the assumption of a hierarchy of evidence. The highest level of evidence is assumed to come from meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials. Five illustrative recent meta-analyses of psycho-social treatment for substance dependence are discussed (Prendergast et al. 2002; Irvin et al. 1999; SBU 2001; Griffith et al. 2000; Pearson & Lipton 1999). In all cases the methodological strengths and weaknesses of the study are discussed, as well as the clinical and theoretical implications of the analysis. Studies that attempt to address very broad questions such as “does treatment work” produce conclusions that appear inconsistent and may be flawed, and the clinical and theoretical implications of the findings of such meta-analyses are unclear. In contrast, analyses of specific treatments produce findings that are clinically and theoretically meaningful. In cases where the populations or settings studied are diverse, but the type of treatment is similar, well-conducted meta-analyses may produce significant data on the degree to which the apparent effectiveness of a specific treatment can be generalised to new populations or settings. It is concluded that the efficacy of specific classes of interventions for drug or alcohol use disorders may be a relevant target for meta-analyses, whereas meta-analyses that attempt to do too much by asking very global questions are unproductive, and that although meta-analyses are generally effective at addressing the question of whether a given treatment has support in the existing research, they are not able to answer questions about what should be the means and ends of drug policy and drug treatment at a more general level.
Exploring the support for high performance applications in the container runtime environment
Authors: Martin John Paul , Kandasamy A. , Chandrasekaran K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCloud computing is the driving power behind the current technological era. Virtualization is rightly referred to as the backbone of cloud computing. Impacts of virtualization employed in high performance computing (HPC) has been much reviewed by researchers. The overhead in the virtualization layer was one of the reasons which hindered its application in the HPC environment. Recent developments in virtualization, especially the OS container based virtualization provides a solution that employs a lightweight virtualization layer and promises lesser overhead. Containers are advantageous over virtual machines in terms of performance overhead which is a major concern in the case of both data intensive applications and compute intensive applications. Currently, several industries have adopted container technologies such as Docker. While Docker is widely used, it has certain pitfalls such as security issues. The recently introduced CoreOS Rkt container technology overcomes these shortcomings of Docker. There has not been much research on how the Rkt environment is suited for high performance applications. The differences in the stack of the Rkt containers suggest better support for high performance applications. High performance applications consist of CPU-intensive and data-intensive applications. The High Performance Linpack Library and the Graph500 are the commonly used computation intensive and data-intensive benchmark applications respectively. In this work, we explore the feasibility of this inter-operable Rkt container in high performance applications by running the HPL and Graph500 applications and compare its performance with the commonly used container technologies such as LXC and Docker containers.
Prognostic Value of Free Triiodothyronine Level in Patients With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhang Kuo , Meng Xiangbin , Wang Wenyao , Zheng Jilin , An Shimin , Wang Siyuan , Qi Yu , Gao Chuanyu , Tang Yi-Da 
Published: January 2018

AbstractContextThyroid hormone acts as a fundamental regulator in cardiovascular homeostasis in pathophysiological conditions.ObjectiveThis study aims to determine whether thyroid hormone could be an independent predictor of adverse events in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).Design, Patients, and Outcome MeasuresThe original cohort consisted of 965 consecutive patients with HOCM who were admitted to Fuwai Hospital from October 2009 to December 2014, and 756 patients completed thyroid function evaluations. Patients were divided into three groups according to free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels: tertile 1 (&lt;2.81 pg/mL, n = 247), tertile 2 (2.81 to 3.11 pg/mL, n = 250), tertile 3 (3.12 to 4.09 pg/mL, n = 259).ResultsIn correlation analysis, FT3 showed significantly positive correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.109, P = 0.003). After a median follow-up of 44 months, a total of 45 (6.0%) endpoints (all-cause mortality or cardiac transplantation) occurred with rates of 13.4%, 3.6%, and 1.2% in tertiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Univariate Cox analysis established FT3 as a predictor of endpoint [hazard ratio (HR), 0.111; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.065, 0.189; P &lt; 0.001]. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, the prognostic value of FT3 level was still significant (HR, 0.216; 95% CI, 0.083, 0.559; P = 0.002). Compared with patients in tertile 3, those in tertile 1 were at a much higher risk of endpoint (HR, 4.918; 95% CI, 1.076, 22.485; P = 0.040).ConclusionsFT3 correlated with cardiac function and could serve as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiac transplantation in patients with HOCM. These results suggest that monitoring thyroid function in HOCM patients is necessary.
Characterisation of innate lymphoid cell populations at different sites in mice with defective T cell immunity
Authors: Dutton Emma E. , Camelo Ana , Sleeman Matthew , Herbst Ronald , Carlesso Gianluca , Belz Gabrielle T. , Withers David R. 
Published: January 2018

Background: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have now been identified within most tissues of the body and current evidence indicates that this family of cells play a fundamental role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, few studies have compared the ILC populations between several tissues. Methods: We sought to generate a comprehensive characterisation of the ILC populations in different tissues of C57BL/6 WT and genetically modified mice targeting costimulatory pathways, using transcription factor expression to define specific groups. Results: Consistent with studies individually describing the ILC composition in different tissues, our analysis revealed different ILC groups dominate the ILC population in different tissues. Additionally, we observed a population of IL-7Rα+Id2+ cells lacking expression of lineage markers but also lacking expression of GATA-3, RORgt or T-bet. This population was most evident in ear skin where it outnumbered the defined ILC groups, however, further experiments demonstrated that detection of these cells was influenced by how the tissue was digested, raising concerns as to its real nature. Since both ILC2 and ILC3 express ICOS, we then investigated the requirement for ICOS:ICOSL interactions in the homeostasis of ILC populations at these sites. Surprisingly, no significant differences were detected in the number of ILC1, ILC2 or ILC3 between WT and ICOSL-/- mice in any tissue, indicating that this pathway is not required for ILC homeostasis at these sites. These data were compared with CD80-/-CD86-/- mice given evidence of CD28 expression by some ILC and ILC crosstalk with activated T cells. Notably, the absence of CD28 ligands resulted in a significant increase in ILC2 and ILC3 numbers in the intestine. Conclusions: Together, these data provide new insight into ILC composition in different tissues in both WT and genetically modified mice where key costimulatory pathways are genetically deleted, providing a useful resource for further research into ILC biology.
When Ignorance Can Be Bliss: Organizational Structure and Coordination in Electronic Retailing
Authors: Liu Dengpan , Tan Yong , Mookerjee Vijay 
Published: January 2018

This study examines coordination issues that occur between the marketing department and the information technology (IT) department in electronic retail settings. We consider a marketing department that is responsible for choosing the level of advertising to generate traffic to the firm’s website and an IT department that is responsible for choosing IT capacity to provide web visitors a satisfactory experience. The focus here is to examine how duopolistic advertising competition among firms can affect the organizational structure (centralized or decentralized) within each firm. In essence, our interest lies in the question: How does the presence of interfirm competition affect intra-firm coordination (i.e., organizational structure)? As a benchmark, we develop and solve a centralized decision model wherein the levels of advertising and IT capacity are jointly chosen in each firm to maximize profit. This is compared with a decentralized decision model in which the marketing department could potentially advertise suboptimally because its assessment of IT factors (the served traffic rate) is inaccurate. We find that competition can lead to a decentralized equilibrium in which both firms choose not to coordinate among their internal departments. More importantly, we find that when marketing moderately underestimates IT service quality, coordination results in a prisoners’ dilemma (PD) equilibrium for each firm whereas decentralization is socially optimal but with an off-equilibrium outcome (resulting in higher profits for each firm). That is, the conventional wisdom that “more coordination is good” could push firms toward a PD equilibrium when they can both be better off by not coordinating internally in the face of competition. This result also implies that if marketing tends to underestimate the capabilities of the IT department, it may be better to encourage such firms to coordinate less rather than encouraging them to coordinate more. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0725 .
Measurement Invariance of the Student Personal Perception of Classroom Climate Scale (SPPCC) in the Turkish Context
Authors: Bahar Mustafa , Asil Mustafa , Rubie-Davies Christine M. 
Published: January 2018

<p style="text-align:justify">Among school psycho-social factors with considerable effect on student outcomes are both school and classroom climate. Because how students perceive the classroom climate strongly predicts achievement, measuring classroom climate gains importance and the need for testing the existing results across cultures persists. In this study, we assessed the validity and measurement invariance of the Turkish adaptation of the Student Personal Perception of Classroom Climate Scale (SPPCC) developed in English (US). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and measurement invariance (MI) analyses by sex were performed on 629 students’ data. CFA results confirmed the factorial structure of the SPPCC. Results of the MI analyses showed that the SPPCC measures the same construct for females and males in a non-English context. Latent mean comparisons revealed girls perceived the classroom climate more positively than boys. We concluded that this study in the Turkish context is a further step in developing evidence of the extent to which SPCC provides psychometrically sound scores.</p>
A Path Analysis Model Pertinent to Undergraduates’ Academic Success: Examining Academic Confidence, Psychological Capital and Academic Coping Factors
Authors: Kirikkanat Berke , Soyer Makbule Kali 
Published: January 2018

<p style="text-align:justify">The major purpose of this study was to create a path analysis model of academic success in a group of university students, which included the variables of academic confidence and psychological capital with a mediator variable - academic coping. 400 undergraduates from Marmara University and Istanbul Commerce University who were in sophomore, junior and senior years participated in the study. The Academic Behavioral Confidence Scale, the Academic Coping Strategies Scale and the Psychological Capital Test Battery composed of the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, the Life Orientation Test, the Hope Scale and the Resilience Scale were utilized to disclose the predictive roles of these variables on academic success. The results of path analyses showed that academic confidence and psychological capital had pivotal direct and indirect effects on academic success via the mediator variable – academic coping. Academic coping had also a direct influence on academic success. The findings of the study are essential for telling both vocational counselors and educational psychologists the fact that career interventions for university students should consider the non-cognitive factors on their academic achievements.</p>
BERPIKIR RASIONAL-ILMIAH DAN PENDEKATAN INTERDISIPLINER DAN MULTIDISIPLINER DALAM STUDI HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM
Authors: Nasution Khoiruddin 
Published: January 2018

This short article tries to explain how important it is to think rationally and scientifically, place the position of approachment in the Study of Islamic Family Law, also describe the use of Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach to understand and practice the Islamic Family Law. In conclusion, there are three conclutions. First, students need to get used to think, write, speak and act rationallly and scientifically. The process can be carried out by integrating with the entire subjecy. Second, needs a good and comprehensive understanding of approachment positions in the study of Islamic Family Law, both in relation to habituation of thinking, writing, speaking and acting rational and scientific as well as in effort to integrate and interconnect Islam and science. Third, it is necessary to habituate using an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach to understand and observe all matters that related to the Islamic Family Law. [Tulisan singkat ini mencoba menjelaskan bagaimana pentingnya berpikir rasional dan ilmiah, meletakkan dimana posisi pendekatan dalam Studi Hukum Keluarga Islam, sekaligus menggambarkan penggunaan Pendekatan Interdisipliner dan Multidisipliner dalam memahami dan mengamalkan Hukum Keluarga Islam. Kesimpulannya ada tiga. Pertama, mahasiswa perlu dibiasakan berpikir, menulis, berbicara dan bentindak rasional dan ilmiah. Proses pembiasaannya dapat dilakukan secara terintegrasi dengan seluruh mata kuliah. Kedua, perlu pemahaman yang baik dan konprehensif bagaimana posisi pendekatan dalam studi Hukum Keluarga Islam, baik dalam kaitannya dengan pembiasaan berpikir, menulis, berbicara dan bentindak rasional dan ilmiah maupun dalam upaya integrasi dan/atau interkoneksi keilmuan. Ketiga, perlu pembiasaan menggunakan pendekatan interdisipliner dan multidisipliner dalam memahami dan mengamalkan segala persoalan yang berkaitan dengan Hukum Keluarga Islam.]
Students with Prader-Willi Syndrome: Case Law under the IDEA
Authors: Zirkel Perry A. 
Published: January 2018

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is one of the low-incidence physical disabilities that the literature has not addressed in relation to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and its case law applications. To help fill the gap, this relatively brief article provides (a) an introduction of PWS from legal sources; (b) an overview of the IDEA, including and its primary components and alternate decisional avenues; (c) a synthesis of the case law to date, which amounts to a limited variety of administrative and judical decisions; and (d) a brief set of conclusions from an impartial legal perspective.