bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A organização da resiliência familiar frente ao risco de morte no contexto hospitalar
Authors: Nunes Emanuelle Caires Dias Araújo , Gomes Daniela Rodrigues Goulart , Oliveira Fabiana Aguiar de , Reis Sabrina Oliveira , Santos Caio Lopes dos , Alves Thamara Souza 
Published: December 2017

RESUMOObjetivo: desvelar a resiliência do sistema familiar que enfrenta a hospitalização de um membro em risco de morte no ambiente hospitalar. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo-exploratório, realizado num hospital público com oito famílias em enfrentamento do risco de morte. A coleta envolveu a técnica do tema-desenho-texto e entrevista semiestruturada, com dados analisados a partir da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: evidenciaram cinco eixos referentes aos sentimentos e fatores de resiliência: crise familiar; aprovação pessoal em cuidar; apoio familiar; apoio espiritual e apoio físico. Conclusão: o processo da resiliência assegura o fortalecimento funcional do sistema familiar, modulando as consequências advindas do processo de morte-morrer para a reconstrução de novos caminhos geradores de superação. Descritores: Resiliência; Família; Morte; Cuidado.ABSTRACTObjective: to uncover the resilience of the family system that faces the hospitalization of a member at risk of death in the hospital environment. Method: qualitative, descriptive-exploratory study, carried out in a public hospital with eight families facing the risk of death. The collection involved the technique of theme-drawing-text and semi-structured interview, with data analyzed using the technique of Discourse of the Collective Subject. Results: evidenced five axes regarding feelings and factors of resilience evidenced: family crisis; personal approval in caring; family support; spiritual support and physical support. Conclusion: the process of resilience ensures the functional strengthening of the family system, modulating the consequences of the death-dying process for the reconstruction of new ways of overcoming. Descriptors: Resilience; Family; Death; Care.RESUMENObjetivo: desvelar la resiliencia del sistema familiar que enfrenta la hospitalización de un miembro en riesgo de muerte en el ambiente hospitalario. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo-exploratorio, realizado en un hospital público con ocho familias en enfrentamiento del riesgo de muerte. La recolección envolvió la técnica del tema-dibujo-texto y entrevista semiestructurada, con datos analizados a partir de la técnica del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados: evidenciaron cinco ejes referentes a los sentimientos y factores de resiliencia evidenciados: crisis familiar; aprobación personal en el cuidado; apoyo familiar; apoyo espiritual y apoyo físico. Conclusión: el proceso de la resiliencia asegura el fortalecimiento funcional del sistema familiar, modulando las consecuencias provenientes del proceso de muerte-morir para la reconstrucción de nuevos caminos generadores de superación. Descriptores: Resiliencia; Familia; Muerte; Cuidado.
СИМПТОМИ ПОЈАВЕ И МОРФОЛОШКЕ КАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ НАЈЧЕШЋИХ PHYTOPHTHORA ВРСТА НА ЈАВОРОВИМА У СРБИЈИ
Authors: Миленковић Иван , Караџић Драган , Станивуковић Зоран , Голубовић Ћургуз Весна 
Published: December 2017

У раду су приказани резултати истраживања главних морфолошких и карактеристика колонија изолованих Phytophthora врста на стаблима јавора у Србији. На стаблима јавора у различитим шумским заједницама, парковима и приватним баштама су примећени различити симптоми који су указивали на инфекције патогенима из рода Phytophthora. Симптоми су укључивали жутило лишћа, проређеност крошње, одумирање избојака, грана и врхова стабала и појаву некроза на стаблима са цурењем тамног ексудата. Наведени симптоми се често могу помешати са симптомима насталим дејством других узрочника. Након изведених тестова изолације, добијено је више изолата, који су се јасно разликовали у својим колонијалним и морфолошким карактеристикама, а након детаљне идентификације потврђено је присуство четири врсте из рода Phytophthora, укључујући P. cactorum, P. plurivora, P. gonapodyides и P. lacustris.
Evaluating the role of wild songbirds or rodents in spreading avian influenza virus across an agricultural landscape
Authors: Houston Derek D. , Azeem Shahan , Lundy Coady W. , Sato Yuko , Guo Baoqing , Blanchong Julie A. , Gauger Phillip C. , Marks David R. , Yoon Kyoung-Jin , Adelman James S. 
Published: December 2017

Background
Avian influenza virus (AIV) infections occur naturally in wild bird populations and can cross the wildlife-domestic animal interface, often with devastating impacts on commercial poultry. Migratory waterfowl and shorebirds are natural AIV reservoirs and can carry the virus along migratory pathways, often without exhibiting clinical signs. However, these species rarely inhabit poultry farms, so transmission into domestic birds likely occurs through other means. In many cases, human activities are thought to spread the virus into domestic populations. Consequently, biosecurity measures have been implemented to limit human-facilitated outbreaks. The 2015 avian influenza outbreak in the United States, which occurred among poultry operations with strict biosecurity controls, suggests that alternative routes of virus infiltration may exist, including bridge hosts: wild animals that transfer virus from areas of high waterfowl and shorebird densities.

Methods
Here, we examined small, wild birds (songbirds, woodpeckers, etc.) and mammals in Iowa, one of the regions hit hardest by the 2015 avian influenza epizootic, to determine whether these animals carry AIV. To assess whether influenza A virus was present in other species in Iowa during our sampling period, we also present results from surveillance of waterfowl by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources and Unites Stated Department of Agriculture.

Results
Capturing animals at wetlands and near poultry facilities, we swabbed 449 individuals, internally and externally, for the presence of influenza A virus and no samples tested positive by qPCR. Similarly, serology from 402 animals showed no antibodies against influenza A. Although several species were captured at both wetland and poultry sites, the overall community structure of wild species differed significantly between these types of sites. In contrast, 83 out of 527 sampled waterfowl tested positive for influenza A via qPCR.

Discussion
These results suggest that even though influenza A viruses were present on the Iowa landscape at the time of our sampling, small, wild birds and rodents were unlikely to be frequent bridge hosts.
Hot Plasma Effects on the Cyclotron‐Resonant Pitch‐Angle Scattering Rates of Radiation Belt Electrons Due to EMIC Waves
Authors: Ni Binbin , Cao Xing , Shprits Yuri Y. , Summers Danny , Gu Xudong , Fu Song , Lou Yuequn 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTo investigate the hot plasma effects on the cyclotron‐resonant interactions between electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and radiation belt electrons in a realistic magnetospheric environment, calculations of the wave‐induced bounce‐averaged pitch angle diffusion coefficients are performed using both the cold and hot plasma dispersion relations. The results demonstrate that the hot plasma effects have a pronounced influence on the electron pitch angle scattering rates due to all three EMIC emission bands (H+, He+, and O+) when the hot plasma dispersion relation deviates significantly from the cold plasma approximation. For a given wave spectrum, the modification of the dispersion relation by hot anisotropic protons can strongly increase the minimum resonant energy for electrons interacting with O+ band EMIC waves, while the minimum resonant energies for H+ and He+ bands are not greatly affected. For H+ band EMIC waves, inclusion of hot protons tends to weaken the pitch angle scattering efficiency of >5 MeV electrons. The most crucial differences introduced by the hot plasma effects occur for >3 MeV electron scattering rates by He+ band EMIC waves. Mainly due to the changes of resonant frequency and wave group velocity when the hot protons are included, the difference in scattering rates can be up to an order of magnitude, showing a strong dependence on both electron energy and equatorial pitch angle. Our study confirms the importance of including hot plasma effects in modeling the scattering of ultra‐relativistic radiation belt electrons by EMIC waves.
Effects of El Niño on Summertime Ozone Air Quality in the Eastern United States
Authors: Shen Lu , Mickley Loretta J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe investigate the effect of El Niño on maximum daily 8 h average surface ozone over the eastern United States in summer during 1980–2016. El Niño can influence the extratropical climate through the propagation of stationary waves, leading to (1) reduced transport of moist, clean air into the middle and southern Atlantic states and greater subsidence, reduced precipitation, and increased surface solar radiation in this region, as well as (2) intensified southerly flow into the south central states, which here enhances flux of moist and clean air. As a result, each standard deviation increase in the Niño 1 + 2 index is associated with an increase of 1–2 ppbv ozone in the Atlantic states and a decrease of 0.5–2 ppbv ozone in the south central states. These influences can be predicted 4 months in advance. We show that U.S. summertime ozone responds differently to eastern‐type El Niño events compared to central‐type events.
High‐Performance As‐Cast Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells with Thicker Active Layer and Large Area Exceeding 11% Power Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Fan Qunping , Wang Yan , Zhang Maojie , Wu Bo , Guo Xia , Jiang Yufeng , Li Wanbin , Guo Bing , Ye Chennan , Su Wenyan , Fang Jin , Ou Xuemei , Liu Feng , Wei Zhixiang , Sum Tze Chien , Russell Thomas P. , Li Yongfang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this work, a nonfullerene polymer solar cell (PSC) based on a wide bandgap polymer donor PM6 containing fluorinated thienyl benzodithiophene (BDT‐2F) unit and a narrow bandgap small molecule acceptor 2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((4,4,9,9‐tetrahexyl‐4,9‐dihydro‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene‐2,7‐diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile (IDIC) is developed. In addition to matched energy levels and complementary absorption spectrum with IDIC, PM6 possesses high crystallinity and strong π–π stacking alignment, which are favorable to charge carrier transport and hence suppress recombination in devices. As a result, the PM6:IDIC‐based PSCs without extra treatments show an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.9%, which is the record value for the as‐cast PSC devices reported in the literature to date. Moreover, the device performances are insensitive to the active layer thickness (≈95–255 nm) and device area (0.20–0.81 cm2) with PCEs of over 11%. Besides, the PM6:IDIC‐based flexible PSCs with a large device area of 1.25 cm2 exhibit a high PCE of 6.54%. These results indicate that the PM6:IDIC blend is a promising candidate for future roll‐to‐roll mass manufacturing and practical application of highly efficient PSCs.
Numerical study of mixing dynamics inside the novel elements of a corotating nontwin screw extruder
Authors: Xu Baiping , Liu Yao , He Liang , Chen Jinwei , Turng Lih‐Sheng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA novel, self‐cleaning, corotating nontwin screw configuration is proposed, and its geometry is briefly introduced in this study. In this new configuration, one single‐tip screw element intermeshes with another two‐tip screw element at a speed ratio of 2. A numerical simulation of the three‐dimensional flow field in this new kind of conveying system, as well as in the conventional twin screw configuration, was carried out using the finite element method (FEM) and the mesh superposition technique (MST) provided by the commercial CFD code POLYFLOW. The purely viscous fluid is assumed to obey the Bird–Carreau constitutive model. Based on the predicted flow field in the domain FEM mesh, post‐treatment codes have been developed to predict the mixing details where standard fourth‐order Runge–Kutta schemes were used. Flow patterns and mixing dynamics were presented in terms of the mixing evolution of the particle group released from different initial positions and the variation of the variance index, mixing index, strain tensor magnitude, and their time histories. Trajectories of the particle groups were captured successfully, and an obvious difference with regard to flow pattern and mixing was found for different types of screw geometries. The numerical results showed that mixing was highly dependent on the initial position of the particles and that the nontwin screw configuration had better distributive and dispersive mixing abilities than the conventional twin screw configuration.
Selective C−H Halogenation with a Highly Fluorinated Manganese Porphyrin
Authors: Li Gang , Dilger Andrew K. , Cheng Peter T. , Ewing William R. , Groves John T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe selective C−H functionalization of aliphatic molecules remains a challenge in organic synthesis. While radical chain halogenation reactions provide efficient access to many halogenated molecules, the use of typical protocols for the selective halogenation of electron‐deficient and strained aliphatic molecules is rare. Herein, we report selective C−H chlorination and fluorination reactions promoted by an electron‐deficient manganese pentafluorophenyl porphyrin catalyst, Mn(TPFPP)Cl. This catalyst displays superior properties for the aliphatic halogenation of recalcitrant, electron‐deficient, and strained substrates with unique regio‐ and stereoselectivity. UV/Vis analysis during the course of the reaction indicated that an oxo‐MnV species is responsible for hydrogen‐atom abstraction. The observed stereoselectivity results from steric interactions between the bulky porphyrin ligand and the intermediate substrate radical in the halogen rebound step.
The Ideal Ionic Liquid Salt Bridge for Direct Determination of Gibbs Energies of Transfer of Single Ions, Part II: Evaluation of the Role of Ion Solvation and Ion Mobilities
Authors: Ermantraut Andreas , Radtke Valentin , Gebel Niklas , Himmel Daniel , Koslowski Thorsten , Leito Ivo , Krossing Ingo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn important intermediate goal to evaluate our concept for the assumption‐free determination of single‐ion Gibbs transfer energies ΔtrG°(i, S1→S2) is presented. We executed the crucial steps a) and b) of the methodology, described in Part I of this treatise, exemplarily for Ag+ and Cl‐ with S1 being water and S2 being acetonitrile. The experiments showed that virtually all parts of the liquid junction potentials (LJPs) at both ends of a salt bridge cancel, if the bridge electrolyte is an “ideal” ionic liquid, that is, one with nearly identical diffusion of anion and cation. This ideality holds for [N2225]+[NTf2]‐ in the pure IL, but also in water and acetonitrile solution. Electromotive force measurements of solvation cells between S1 and S2 demonstrated Nernstian behavior for Ag+ concentration cells and constant like cell potentials for solutions with five tested Ag+ counterions.
Optimization of purification treatment of spent cathode carbon from aluminum electrolysis using response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Yuan Jie , Xiao Jin , Tian Zhongliang , Yang Kai , Yao Zhen , Yu Bailie , Zhang Liuyun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurification treatment and carbon recovery of the spent cathode carbon (SCC) from aluminum electrolysis were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) in caustic leaching process and purified further by acid leaching. The purity of treated SCC was 96.43%. A Box–Behnken design based on a single‐factor experiment was utilized to model 3 independent variables, namely, temperature (55–85°C), time (70–110 min), and initial alkali‐material ratio (0.15–0.35), to investigate their responses to the carbon content of caustic leaching residue. A multivariate quadratic regression equation model was established according to RSM principles. Results revealed that the carbon content of caustic leaching residue was significantly influenced by the initial alkali‐material ratio, temperature, and time, sorted from big to small. Interactions of any 2 of the 3 factors significantly affected the response. RSM is thus successfully applied in the optimization of the SCC impurities removal process.
Species Differences in the Organization of the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
Authors: Baizer Joan S. , Wong Keit Men , Salvi Richard J. , Manohar Senthilvelan , Sherwood Chet C. , Hof Patrick R. , Baker James F. , Witelson Sandra F. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe mammalian cochlear nuclei (CN) consist of two major subdivisions, the dorsal (DCN) and ventral (VCN) nuclei. We previously reported differences in the structural and neurochemical organization of the human DCN from that in several other species. Here we extend this analysis to the VCN, considering both the organization of subdivisions and the types and distributions of neurons. Classically, the VCN in mammals is composed of two subdivisions, the anteroventral (VCA) and posteroventral cochlear nuclei (VCP). Anatomical and electrophysiological data in several species have defined distinct neuronal types with different distributions in the VCA and VCP. We asked if VCN subdivisions and anatomically defined neuronal types might be distinguished by patterns of protein expression in humans. We also asked if the neurochemical characteristics of the VCN are the same in humans as in other mammalian species, analyzing data from chimpanzees, macaque monkeys, cats, rats and chinchillas. We examined Nissl‐ and immunostained sections, using antibodies that had labeled neurons in other brainstem nuclei in humans. Nissl‐stained sections supported the presence of both VCP and VCA in humans and chimpanzees. However, patterns of protein expression did not differentiate classes of neurons in humans; neurons of different soma shapes and dendritic configurations all expressed the same proteins. The patterns of immunostaining in macaque monkey, cat, rat, and chinchilla were different from those in humans and chimpanzees and from each other. The results may correlate with species differences in auditory function and plasticity. Anat Rec, 301:862–886, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human urine by high‐resolution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Cho Sung‐Hee , Lee Sun‐Kyung , Kim Chong Hyeak 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic compounds formed by at least two condensed aromatic rings, are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that are produced by incomplete combustion of organic materials. PAHs have been classified as carcinogenIC to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, because they can bind to DNA, causing mutations. Therefore, the levels of PAHs in human urine can be used as an indicator for potential carcinogenesis and cell mutation. An analytical method was developed for the accurate measurement of PAHs in urine using high‐resolution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Urine samples were extracted by an Oasis HLB extraction cartridge after enzymatic hydrolysis with a β‐glucuronidase/arylsulfatase cocktail. The 18 PAHs were separated using an Agilent DB‐5 MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) and monitored by time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Under the optimized method, the linearity of calibration curves was >0.994. The limits of detection at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 were 10–100 ng/L. The coefficients of variation were in the range of 0.4–9.0%. The present method was highly accurate for simultaneous determination of 18 PAHs in human urine and could be applied to monitoring and biomedical investigations to check exposure of PAHs.
Peptide‐Based Fluorescent Probes for Deacetylase and Decrotonylase Activity: Toward a General Platform for Real‐Time Detection of Lysine Deacylation
Authors: Rooker Debra R. , Klyubka Yuliya , Gautam Ritika , Tomat Elisa , Buccella Daniela 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHistone deacetylases regulate the acetylation levels of numerous proteins and play key roles in physiological processes and disease states. In addition to acetyl groups, deacetylases can remove other acyl modifications on lysines, the roles and regulation of which are far less understood. A peptide‐based fluorescent probe for single‐reagent, real‐time detection of deacetylase activity that can be readily adapted for probing broader lysine deacylation, including decrotonylation, is reported. Following cleavage of the lysine modification, the probe undergoes rapid intramolecular imine formation that results in marked optical changes, thus enabling convenient detection of deacylase activity with good statistical Z′ factors for both absorption and fluorescence modalities. The peptide‐based design offers broader isozyme scope than that of small‐molecule analogues, and is suitable for probing both metal‐ and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)‐dependent deacetylases. With an effective sirtuin activity assay in hand, it is demonstrated that iron chelation by Sirtinol, a commonly employed sirtuin inhibitor, results in an enhancement in the inhibitory activity of the compound that may affect its performance in vivo.
Engineering the Surface Structure of Binary/Ternary Ferrite Nanoparticles as High‐Performance Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Sahoo Pathik , Tan Jing‐Bo , Zhang Zhi‐Ming , Singh Shiva Kumar , Lu Tong‐Bu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCost‐effective production of efficient and robust oxygen evolution electrocatalysts is of primary importance in developing renewable energy technologies. Herein, we develop a simple and efficient method for exploring high‐performance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts by engineering the surface structure of ferrite nanoparticles on carbon nanotube support through a reduction‐engraved strategy. After the reduction treatment, abundant oxygen vacancies localized on the surface of the ultrafine ferrite nanoparticles favorably affect their electronic structure, assuring a rapid charge transfer, and expose more active sites. In 1.0 m KOH solution, the reduced composites exhibit superior OER electrocatalytic activity to IrO2, affording a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of merely 214 mV for Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4@o‐MWCNT (r‐CNFc), 221 mV for CoFe2O4@o‐MWCNT (r‐CFc), and 216 mV for NiFe2O4@o‐MWCNT (r‐NFc). It is worth mentioning that r‐CNFc could afford a current density of 100 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 256 mV, which is approximately ten times higher than that of CNFc at the same overpotential (10.6 mA cm−2). These catalysts also exhibit long‐term stability evaluated by controlled‐current electrolysis at least for 120 h. These results demonstrate an efficient method for constructing high‐performance and durable OER electrocatalysts by reducing mixed metal spinel oxides on the conductive support.