bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roll‐to‐Roll Production of Layer‐Controlled Molybdenum Disulfide: A Platform for 2D Semiconductor‐Based Industrial Applications
Authors: Lim Yi Rang , Han Jin Kyu , Kim Seong Ku , Lee Young Bum , Yoon Yeoheung , Kim Seong Jun , Min Bok Ki , Kim Yooseok , Jeon Cheolho , Won Sejeong , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Song Wooseok , Myung Sung , Lee Sun Sook , An Ki‐Seok , Lim Jongsun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA facile methodology for the large‐scale production of layer‐controlled MoS2 layers on an inexpensive substrate involving a simple coating of single source precursor with subsequent roll‐to‐roll‐based thermal decomposition is developed. The resulting 50 cm long MoS2 layers synthesized on Ni foils possess excellent long‐range uniformity and optimum stoichiometry. Moreover, this methodology is promising because it enables simple control of the number of MoS2 layers by simply adjusting the concentration of (NH4)2MoS4. Additionally, the capability of the MoS2 for practical applications in electronic/optoelectronic devices and catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction is verified. The MoS2‐based field effect transistors exhibit unipolar n‐channel transistor behavior with electron mobility of 0.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an on‐off ratio of ≈10³. The MoS2‐based visible‐light photodetectors are fabricated in order to evaluate their photoelectrical properties, obtaining an 100% yield for active devices with significant photocurrents and extracted photoresponsivity of ≈22 mA W−1. Moreover, the MoS2 layers on Ni foils exhibit applicable catalytic activity with observed overpotential of ≈165 mV and a Tafel slope of 133 mV dec−1. Based on these results, it is envisaged that the cost‐effective methodology will trigger actual industrial applications, as well as novel research related to 2D semiconductor‐based multifaceted applications.
Quantifying the Role of Nanotubes in Nano:Nano Composite Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Ling Zheng , Harvey Andrew , McAteer David , Godwin Ian J. , Szydłowska Beata , Griffin Aideen , Vega‐Mayoral Victor , Song Yongchen , Seral‐Ascaso Andrés , Nicolosi Valeria , Coleman Jonathan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMany promising supercapacitor electrode materials have high resistivity and require conductive additives to function effectively. However, the detailed role of the additive is not understood. Here, this question is resolved by applying a quantitative model for resistance‐limited supercapacitor electrodes to Co(OH)2‐nanosheet/carbon nanotube composites. Without nanotubes, theory predicts and experiments show that while the low‐rate capacitance increases linearly with electrode thickness, the high rate capacitance decreases with thickness due to slow charging. Experiments supported by theory show that nanotube addition has two effects. First, the nanotube network effectively distributes charge, increasing the intrinsic electrode performance to the limit associated with its accessible surface area. Second, at high‐rate, the increased electrode conductivity shifts the rate‐limiting resistance from electrode to electrolyte, thus removing the thickness‐dependent capacitance falloff. Furthermore, the analysis quantifies the out‐of‐plane conductivity of the nanotube network, identifies the cross‐over from resistance‐limited to diffusion‐limited behavior, and allows full electrode modeling, facilitating rational design.
Empirical analysis of price relations along the Finnish supply chain of selected meat, dairy, and egg products: A dynamic panel data approach
Authors: Rezitis Anthony N. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study uses a panel cointegration and Error Correction Vector Autoregressive (EC‐VAR) approach to examine the long‐ and short‐run dynamics as well as the direction of causality between agricultural product prices, producer prices and consumer prices along the Finnish meat (i.e., beef, pork, and poultry), dairy (i.e., fresh milk, other milk products, cheese, and yoghurt) and egg supply chains for the period of 2005:01–2014:12. This study also examines the “cost‐push” and “demand‐pull” theories. The results indicate the presence of cointegration among the three price series for each of the eight food chains. The “demand‐pull” factors are found to have a stronger impact along the food supply chain than the “supply‐push” factors. The short‐run causality results show bidirectional causal relations among the three prices, whereas the long‐run causality findings support the assertion that consumer prices dominate the other two prices, implying an attempt by retailers to exert control over the pricing mechanisms along the Finnish food supply chain. The impulse response functions show that the agricultural product prices experience higher and more prolonged fluctuations around the long‐run equilibrium than the other two prices. [EconLit citations: Q11, C32, C33].
Body size and allometric variation in facial shape in children
Authors: Larson Jacinda R. , Manyama Mange F. , Cole Joanne B. , Gonzalez Paula N. , Percival Christopher J. , Liberton Denise K. , Ferrara Tracey M. , Riccardi Sheri L. , Kimwaga Emmanuel A. , Mathayo Joshua , Spitzmacher Jared A. , Rolian Campbell , Jamniczky Heather A. , Weinberg Seth M. , Roseman Charles C. , Klein Ophir , Lukowiak Ken , Spritz Richard A. , Hallgrimsson Benedikt 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesMorphological integration, or the tendency for covariation, is commonly seen in complex traits such as the human face. The effects of growth on shape, or allometry, represent a ubiquitous but poorly understood axis of integration. We address the question of to what extent age and measures of size converge on a single pattern of allometry for human facial shape.MethodsOur study is based on two large cross‐sectional cohorts of children, one from Tanzania and the other from the United States (N = 7,173). We employ 3D facial imaging and geometric morphometrics to relate facial shape to age and anthropometric measures.ResultsThe two populations differ significantly in facial shape, but the magnitude of this difference is small relative to the variation within each group. Allometric variation for facial shape is similar in both populations, representing a small but significant proportion of total variation in facial shape. Different measures of size are associated with overlapping but statistically distinct aspects of shape variation. Only half of the size‐related variation in facial shape can be explained by the first principal component of four size measures and age while the remainder associates distinctly with individual measures.ConclusionsAllometric variation in the human face is complex and should not be regarded as a singular effect. This finding has important implications for how size is treated in studies of human facial shape and for the developmental basis for allometric variation more generally.
Lektion gelernt? Die molekularen Grundlagen von Kinase‐gerichteten Therapien und Wirkstoffresistenz im nicht‐kleinzelligen Lungenkrebs
Authors: Lategahn Jonas , Keul Marina , Rauh Daniel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDie Behandlung des nicht‐kleinzelligen Lungenkrebs (NSCLC) erfährt derzeit eine Revolution. Innerhalb der letzten Dekade führten die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse über die biologische Bedeutung von Biomarkern und deren prädiktiver Charakter zur Entwicklung von Tyrosinkinase‐Inhibitoren, die eine Alternative zur Chemotherapie darstellen. Die Verwendung dieser innovativen Therapeutika verbessert die Lebensqualität und erhöht das Überleben betroffener Patienten. Das detaillierte Verständnis der Biologie der Zielproteine gepaart mit innovativen chemischen Ansätzen zu deren Modulation, ermutigten weitere Forschungen auf diesem Gebiet. Vor diesem Hintergrund präsentieren wir einen Rückblick auf ausgewählte molekulare Aspekte der Zielproteine und geben einen Überblick über aktuelle Fragestellungen und Herausforderungen bei der rationalen Wirkstoffentwicklung zur Behandlung von NSCLC.
Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Acidic Aqueous Biphasic Systems for Simultaneous Leaching and Extraction of Metallic Ions
Authors: Gras Matthieu , Papaiconomou Nicolas , Schaeffer Nicolas , Chainet Eric , Tedjar Farouk , Coutinho Joao A. P. , Billard Isabelle 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe first instance of an acidic aqueous biphasic system (AcABS) based on tributyltetradecyl phosphonium chloride ([P44414][Cl]) and an acid is here reported. This AcABS exhibits pronounced thermomorphic behavior and is shown to be applicable to the extraction of metal ions from concentrated acidic solutions. Metal ions such as cobalt(II), iron(III), platinum(IV) and nickel(II) are found to partition preferentially to one of the phases of the acidic aqueous biphasic system and it is here shown that it successfully allows the difficult separation of CoII from NiII, here studied at 24 and 50 °C.
Chitosan functionalization with a series of sulfur‐containing α‐amino acids for the development of drug‐binding abilities
Authors: Tondwal Reena , Singh Man 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTChitosan (Chi; 0.5 g) in 69.66 mM aqueous acetic acid was mixed with 312.4 mM methionine (methi) at 0.01 mL/s to disperse and cause optimum collisions for supporting condensation reactions through NH2 of Chi and COOH groups of methi. The functionalized chitosan (f‐Chi) product with methi developed an amide bond, which was represented as methi‐functionalized chitosan [Chi–NHC(O)–methi]. Both the 1‐Ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and Dean–Stark methods were followed for Chi functionalization. Sulfonation with chlorosulfonic acid in a dimethylformamide medium was conducted at 90 °C and 750 rpm with an approximately 72% yield. The Chi–NHC(O)–methi was characterized by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared stretching frequencies. The onset temperature of 280 °C recorded by thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry analysis, confirmed the high stability of the covalent bonds in Chi–NHC(O)–methi. The synthesis was repeated with other series members of sulfur (S) atoms containing α‐amino acids: homocysteine, ethionine, and propionine. The shielding of terminal CH3 was enhanced on elongation of the terminal alkyl chain in the case of propionine. The peak for the NH2 of Chi at a δ value of 4.73 ppm shifted to 5.36 ppm in Chi–NHC(O)–methi because of the involvement of NH2 in NHC(O). Theoretically, the value of NH2 of Chi was 5.11 ppm, with a difference of 0.38 ppm as compared to the experimentally determined value of 4.73 ppm. Additionally, a new peak at a δ value of 3.26 ppm also confirmed Chi functionalization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46000.
Formation of co‐continuous PLLA/PC blends with significantly improved physical properties by reactive comb polymers
Authors: Wenyong Dong , Xu Wang , Yongjin Li 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTA kind of reactive comb (RC) polymer, which is constituted by poly(methyl methacrylate) backbone and side chains and a few epoxide groups that distribute randomly along the backbone, has been applied as compatibilizers for the thermodynamically immiscible poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA)/polycarbonate (PC) blend (50/50, wt/wt). Phase morphology and physical properties of the compatibilized PLLA/PC blends are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and tensile tests. It has been found that the morphologies of the PLLA/PC blends are significantly ameliorated with the addition of RC polymers. A type of PLLA/PC blend with stable co‐continuous morphology has been achieved by the incorporation of more than 3 wt % of RC polymers. The mechanical tests showed that the co‐continuous PLLA/PC blends have an excellent stiffness‐toughness balance with high modulus and significantly improved ductility. Especially, the elongation at break of the PLLA/PC blend compatibilized by 10 wt % of RC polymers is 10 times higher than that of neat PLLA, in which the blend exhibits a cocontinuous lamellar microstructure. Furthermore, the PLLA/PC blends with cocontinuous morphology exhibit dramatically improved thermal stability as compared to neat PLLA when the temperature is over the Tg of the PLLA phase. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46047.
Effects of relaxation time and zero shear viscosity on structural evolution of linear low‐density polyethylene in shear flow
Authors: Li Kun , Matsuba Go 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this work is to investigate the precursor formation and crystallization of four different types of linear low‐density polyethylene in shear flow. The aggregation of string‐like structure (precursor) in micrometer scale was observed by polarized optical microscopy. Although the existence of precursors accelerates crystallization, we find that it is unnecessary for the polymer fluid to possess crystalline structures at relatively high temperatures by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The rotational rheometer result suggests that relaxation time is consistent with processes of the precursor formation observed at 120 °C, while zero shear viscosity affects the boundaries of their corresponding processing windows. According to these results, we propose a mechanism that the precursor formation consists of entanglement and relaxation stages. Entanglements preserve the ordered state of polymer chains, while they return to the initially disordered state during the relaxation stage. Under shearing, the polymer chain is oriented along the flow direction, and the degree of chain motion remains limited because the oriented parts are confined by the entanglements (characterized by zero shear viscosity η0) acting as slip‐links. However, some chain motions and relaxation (characterized by terminal relaxation time τ) can still take place during this stage. Afterwards, the polymer chain becomes disordered and some entanglements disappear. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46053.
Benign route for the modification and characterization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds for medicinal application
Authors: Alippilakkotte Shebi , Sreejith Lisa 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTScaffolds fabricated from polymers have imprinted its wide applicability in the field of tissue engineering. The surface of electrospun poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers was modified to improve their compatibility with living medium. PLA film were treated with alkali solution to introduce carboxyl groups on the surface followed by covalent grafting of gelatin using Xtal Fluoro‐E as coupling agent. The gelatin g‐PLA polymer synthesized via ‘graft‐onto’ method exhibit fascinating properties as studied by contact angle measurement, fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, water vapor transmission rate(WVTR), swelling studies and differential scanning calorimetry. The fabricated gelatin g‐PLA scaffolds were further characterized to conduct the study on hydrolytic degradation, and extent of biodegradation at ambient temperature. It was observed from the in‐vitro analysis that the gelatin g‐PLA nanofiber (with hemolytic percentage, 0.56 ± 0.13%) was cytocompatible with fibroblast cell and does not impair cell growth. The WVTR obtained for the electrospun mat around 2900 ± 100 g/m2. 24 h signifies the optimal moist environment required for tissue engineering especially wound healing. Notably, many of these strategies resulted in porous hydrophilic scaffolds with human cell growth and proliferation for medical applications of various types. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46056.
Trajectory Controllability of Fractional Integro‐Differential Systems in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Govindaraj Venkatesan , George Raju K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this paper, sufficient conditions for trajectory controllability of nonlinear fractional integro‐differential systems involving Caputo fractional derivative of order α∈(1,2] in finite and as well as in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces are obtained. Our tools of study include set‐valued functions, theory of monotone operators and α‐order cosine family of operators. The main results are well illustrated with the aid of examples.
Eignung zerstörungsfreier Messtechnik für die Bestimmung der Belegreife von Estrichen
Authors: Kruschwitz Sabine , Nagel Sarah , Strangfeld Christoph , Wöstmann Jens , Borchardt Kerstin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDie Bestimmung der Belegreife von Estrichen erfolgt im Bauwesen meist unter Verwendung von zerstörenden Verfahren, die Probenentnahmen erfordern und nur punktuelle Daten liefern. Bei anhydritgebundenen Estrichen gelten 0,5 M% und bei zementgebundenen ca. 3,5 M% und höher als belegreifer Feuchtegehalt. Die Belegreife wird als Feuchtegehalt in Masseprozent (M%) bezogen auf die Trockenmasse des Baustoffs angegeben. Zur zerstörungsfreien Feuchtemessung existieren verschiedene einfach zu bedienende Handgeräte, die u. a. auf elektrischen, elektromagnetischen und kapazitiven Methoden beruhen. In dieser Arbeit wurden ein kapazitives (Kugelsonde), ein elektromagnetisches (Mikrowellensensoren) und ein elektrisches Messverfahren (Vierelektrodensonde) untersucht. Mit Ausnahme der Vierelektrodensonde weisen die Handgeräte keine ausreichende Sensitivität in Bereichen niedriger Feuchtegehalte < 1 M% auf und scheinen somit nicht für anhydritgebundene Estriche geeignet zu sein. Für zementgebundene Estriche lassen sich hingegen mit allen getesteten Geräten Änderungen in dem Bereich der Belegreife erfassen. In dieser Arbeit wird zusätzlich die Wasserabgabe in g/m2/d als Bezugsgröße herangezogen. Die Wasserabgabe stellt ein geeigneteres Maß für die Schadensträchtigkeit dar und ermöglicht direkte Vergleiche unabhängig von der verwendeten Estrichart. Für alle getesteten Estriche konnte eine Wasserabgabe von ca. 8–10 g/m2/d als Belegreifegrenzwert bestimmt werden.
Referenzmessdaten beim Langzeitmonitoring von Infrastrukturen
Authors: Anderegg Peter , Brönnimann Rolf , Meier Urs 
Published: November 2017

AbstractVerkehrsinfrastrukturen wie z. B. Brücken bedingen aus verschiedenen Gründen zunehmend ein Langzeitmonitoring. Einerseits weisen viele Bauwerke ein hohes Alter auf und müssen höheren Beanspruchungen wegen zunehmender Lasten und Verkehrsfrequenzen standhalten. Aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen möchte man ihre Restnutzungsdauer verlängern. Anderseits kommen bei jüngeren Brücken neue Werkstoffe wie kohlenfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe (CFK) zum Einsatz, deren Langzeitverhalten interessiert. Die in diesem Beitrag behandelten Referenzmessungen beziehen sich auf Brücken, bei denen das Langzeitverhalten der CFK‐Spannkabel und besonders deren Verankerung interessiert. Es handelt sich um drei verschiedene Konstruktionen: eine Schrägseilbrücke, eine Fachwerk‐Verbundbrücke sowie die Verstärkung einer bestehenden Stahlbetonbrücke. Sie werden seit 1996 bzw. 1998 überwacht.Im Gegensatz zu den auf viele Jahrzehnte ausgelegten Brücken besitzen Sensorsysteme eine wesentlich kürzere Lebensdauer. Allenfalls müssen Messsysteme über die Überwachungsdauer ersetzt werden. Vor allem aber muss das System während seiner Einsatzdauer langzeitstabil und nullpunktsicher sein. Referenzmessungen im Feld und Labor tragen dazu bei, gemessene Veränderungen dem Bauwerk oder ‚Artefakten‘ des Messsystems zuzuordnen.Die hier präsentieren Resultate von Referenzmessungen mit Dehnungsmessstreifen (DMS) und faseroptischen Bragggitter‐Sensoren (FOS) ermöglichen Aussagen zur Messunsicherheit, Stabilität und Zuverlässigkeit von Langzeitmessungen.
Hierarchically Micro‐/Nanostructured TiO2/Micron Carbon Fibers Composites for Long‐Life and Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Zhang Guanghui , Shan Zhongqiang , Zhang Tianyong , Tian Jianhua 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLong‐life lithium‐ion batteries require materials with well‐designed and controlled structures on nanometer and micrometer scales. Therefore, the hierarchically structured TiO2/micron carbon fibers composites (TiO2/MCFs) composed of well‐defined nanowires are fabricated through a straightforward impregnation‐calcination process. The unique features, including hierarchically mesoporous micro‐/nanostructures, large specific surface area, and high electrical conductivity endow the TiO2/MCFs with convenient lithium‐ion and electron diffusion channels and effective stress−strain relief during repeated electrochemical reaction process. As anticipated, TiO2/MCFs deliver an excellent cycling stability with 92 % capacity retention after 5000 cycles at high current density of 2000 mA g−1, highlighting the great potential for long‐life and fast‐charging lithium‐ion batteries.
Coupling 2D‐wavelet decomposition and multivariate image analysis (2D WT‐MIA)
Authors: Li Vigni Mario , Prats‐Montalban José Manuel , Ferrer Alberto , Cocchi Marina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe use of 2D discrete wavelet transform in the feature enhancement phase of multivariate image analysis is discussed and implemented in a comparative way with respect to previous publications. In the proposed approach, all the resulting subimages obtained by discrete wavelet transform decomposition are unfolded pixel‐wise and midlevel data fused to a feature matrix that is used for the feature analysis phase. Congruent subimages can be obtained either by reconstruction of each decomposition block to the original pixel dimensions or by using the stationary wavelet transform decomposition scheme. The main advantage is that all possible relationships among blocks, decomposition levels, and channels are assessed in a single multivariate analysis step (feature analysis). This is particularly useful in a monitoring context where the aim is to build multivariate control charts based on images. Moreover, the approach can be versatile for contexts where several images are analyzed at a time as well as in the multispectral image analysis.Both a set of simple artificial images and a set of real images, representative of the on‐line quality monitoring context, will be used to highlight the details of the methodology and show how the wavelet transform allows extracting features that are informative of how strong the texture of the image is and in which direction it varies.
Nitrite Reduction in Aqueous Solution Mediated by Amavadin Homologues: N2O Formation and Water Oxidation
Authors: Dias Lúcia , Bekhti Nihel , Kuznetsov Maxim L. , Ferreira José A. B. , Bacariza Maria C. , da Silva José Armando L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractReactions of two vanadium(IV) complex anions that are homologues of amavadin, [V(HIDPA)2]2− and [V(HIDA)2]2− (HIDPA=N‐oxyiminodipropionate, HIDA=N‐oxyiminodiacetate), with the nitrite ion (NO2−) in aqueous solution were investigated by experimental (absorption spectroscopy in the visible range, through measurements of dioxygen formed in solution from water oxidation and identification of nitrogen oxide species of a gaseous atmosphere from nitrite reduction by using an IR analyser) and theoretical methods. Two reactions, mediated by the vanadium complexes, with environmental and biological significance, were observed in this system, namely, reduction of nitrite to N2O and oxidation of water to molecular oxygen. The reduction of nitrite, as studied by DFT calculations, occurs through the formation of NO (ΔG≠=14.3 kcal mol−1), which is strongly dependent on pH and slightly endergonic, and is then easily converted into N2O, with an overall activation barrier of ΔG≠=11.8 kcal mol−1. The later process includes dimerisation of NO assisted by one molecule of the V complex, protonation and oxidation of the formed ONNO.− ligand by another amavadin molecule or by nitrite, and NO bond cleavage/proton transfer in the ONNOH− ligand. The results indicate that amavadin exhibits an unusual nitrite reductase type activity that could be involved in nitrogen metabolism of Amanita muscaria and other fungi containing this vanadium complex.