bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aplicación de biomarcadores como herramienta de evaluación de contaminación en efluentes de pisciculturas.
Authors: Soto Carolina 
Published: November 2017

El hombre ha introducido al ambiente una amplia gama de sustancias químicas que no están presentes en forma natural. Por esta razón existen múltiples factores estresores como la contaminación producto de las actividades productivas, que pueden ejercer efectos acumulativos y sinérgicos en el ambiente. En los ríos una de las razones de la degradación ambiental de sus sistemas acuáticos es producto de la expansión de las pisciculturas, puesto que sus efluentes son considerados como un potencial contribuyente de la alteración física como también química de los recursos hídricos; enriquecimiento de nutrientes en la recepción de las masas de agua, la eutrofización posterior ,cambios en la deriva de comunidades bentónicas y el estado ecológico perturbado según lo encontrado por publicaciones a nivel mundial .Es así como numerosos contaminantes ambientales (o sus metabolitos) han mostrado ejercer efectos tóxicos a nivel sub-letal, relacionados a un proceso llamado estrés oxidativo. Una manera de evaluar los efectos derivados de las descargas de los cultivos acuícolas como desechos de alimentos, fármacos (anestésicos, antibióticos, antiparasitarios), es través del uso de biomarcadores en comunidades bentónicas, más específicamente determinar el estrés oxidativo producido por las descargas de efluentes, mediante ensayos enzimáticos para medir las principales defensas antioxidantes del organismo como son la Catalasa (CAT), guayacol peroxidasa (POD) y Glutatión reductasa (Gpx), estimando las consecuencias biológicas de este tipo de contaminación mediante reacciones intra-celulares de los organismos bentónicos pertenecientes al sistema enzimático oxidante. Estableciendo un nuevo enfoque metodológico para determinar las respuestas de los organismos frente a los organismos estresores promoviendo la aplicación de biomarcadores integrales de efecto como herramienta de evaluación del estado de salud del ecosistema, entregando un instrumento de diagnóstico del grado del impacto ambiental originado por los efluentes de pisciculturas. Palabras claves: biomarcadores, efluentes pisciculturas, comunidades bentónicas.
Gas Hydrate Formation Amid Submarine Canyon Incision: Investigations From New Zealand's Hikurangi Subduction Margin
Authors: Crutchley G. J. , Kroeger K. F. , Pecher I. A. , Mountjoy J. J. , Gorman A. R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe investigate gas hydrate system dynamics beneath a submarine canyon on New Zealand's Hikurangi subduction margin using seismic reflection data and petroleum systems modeling. High seismic velocities just above the base of gas hydrate stability (BGHS) indicate that concentrated gas hydrates exist beneath the canyon. Two‐dimensional gas hydrate formation modeling shows how the process of canyon incision at this location alters the distribution and concentration of gas hydrate. The key modeling result is that free gas is trapped beneath the gas hydrate layer and then “captured” into a concentrated gas hydrate deposit as a result of a downward‐shift in the BGHS driven by canyon incision. Our study thus provides new insight into the functioning of this process. From our data, we also conceptualize two other models to describe how canyons could significantly change gas hydrate distribution and concentration. One scenario is related to deflection of fluid flow pathways from over‐pressured regions at the BGHS toward the canyon, and the other is based on relationships between simultaneous seafloor uplift and canyon incision. The relationships and processes described are of global relevance because of considerations of gas hydrate as an energy resource and the influence of both submarine canyons and gas hydrate systems on seafloor biodiversity.
A Reassessment of the Precision of Carbonate Clumped Isotope Measurements: Implications for Calibrations and Paleoclimate Reconstructions
Authors: Fernandez Alvaro , Müller Inigo A. , Rodríguez‐Sanz Laura , van Dijk Joep , Looser Nathan , Bernasconi Stefano M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCarbonate clumped isotopes offer a potentially transformational tool to interpret Earth's history, but the proxy is still limited by poor interlaboratory reproducibility. Here, we focus on the uncertainties that result from the analysis of only a few replicate measurements to understand the extent to which unconstrained errors affect calibration relationships and paleoclimate reconstructions. We find that highly precise data can be routinely obtained with multiple replicate analyses, but this is not always done in many laboratories. For instance, using published estimates of external reproducibilities we find that typical clumped isotope measurements (three replicate analyses) have margins of error at the 95% confidence level (CL) that are too large for many applications. These errors, however, can be systematically reduced with more replicate measurements. Second, using a Monte Carlo‐type simulation we demonstrate that the degree of disagreement on published calibration slopes is about what we should expect considering the precision of Δ47 data, the number of samples and replicate analyses, and the temperature range covered in published calibrations. Finally, we show that the way errors are typically reported in clumped isotope data can be problematic and lead to the impression that data are more precise than warranted. We recommend that uncertainties in Δ47 data should no longer be reported as the standard error of a few replicate measurements. Instead, uncertainties should be reported as margins of error at a specified confidence level (e.g., 68% or 95% CL). These error bars are a more realistic indication of the reliability of a measurement.
Optimizing Multireservoir System Operating Policies Using Exogenous Hydrologic Variables
Authors: Pina Jasson , Tilmant Amaury , Côté Pascal 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP) is one of the few available algorithms to optimize the operating policies of large‐scale hydropower systems. This paper presents a variant, called SDDPX, in which exogenous hydrologic variables, such as snow water equivalent and/or sea surface temperature, are included in the state space vector together with the traditional (endogenous) variables, i.e., past inflows. A reoptimization procedure is also proposed in which SDDPX‐derived benefit‐to‐go functions are employed within a simulation carried out over the historical record of both the endogenous and exogenous hydrologic variables. In SDDPX, release policies are now a function of storages, past inflows, and relevant exogenous variables that potentially capture more complex hydrological processes than those found in traditional SDDP formulations. To illustrate the potential gain associated with the use of exogenous variables when operating a multireservoir system, the 3,137 MW hydropower system of Rio Tinto (RT) located in the Saguenay‐Lac‐St‐Jean River Basin in Quebec (Canada) is used as a case study. The performance of the system is assessed for various combinations of hydrologic state variables, ranging from the simple lag‐one autoregressive model to more complex formulations involving past inflows, snow water equivalent, and winter precipitation.
Organization and governance in the agrifood sector: How can we capture their variety?
Authors: Ménard Claude 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe variety of solutions to organize economic activities is striking, and underexplored. This paper proposes a framework that combines transaction cost and relational contracts models to capture this variety while characterizing some representative forms. The framework distinguishes between organizational structures differing according to the intensity of control exercised over the rights to use resources, and the modalities of governance through which these structures operate. The combination of these two dimensions provides tools for understanding the existence, characteristics, and conditions under which some organizational arrangements tend to prevail. Based on these premises, the paper proposes an analysis that goes beyond the dichotomy between “markets” and “hierarchies.” This framework is inclusive of those hybrids arrangements that play such an important role in the agrifood industry and it explores two modalities that are particularly challenging to standard theories: cooperatives and plural forms. [EconLit citations: D 230; L 0; Q 100].
Secular change in adult stature of modern Greeks
Authors: Bertsatos Andreas , Chovalopoulou Maria‐Eleni 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesIn Greece, during the late 19th and early 20th century, the rural population adopted a more or less urban lifestyle. Furthermore, the first half of the 20th century finds Greece involved in five major wars, including a civil war, and consequent financial deprivation. This study investigates how the socioeconomic changes in Greece, during this period of time, have affected the stature of its population.MethodsThe Athens collection constitutes our sample with 189 adult individuals (104 males and 85 females). Stature was estimated with regression equations and secular change was evaluated by linear regression of stature with respect to the year of birth. Further analysis of our population sample was based on three time periods to explore the correlation between secular change and historical events.ResultsFrom 1879 to 1965, stature increased for both males and females. The subsequent analysis among different periods revealed that the male group exhibited a small although non‐significant decline in stature during the years 1912 to 1950, which coincides with the long inter‐war period. However, females appear less affected by the consequent deprivation.ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with earlier studies based on a much smaller time span. The negative effect of the economic and nutritional deprivation on stature as a result of warfare is apparent in our sample, at least for males. Furthermore, the positive effect of economic growth on stature is prominent for the entire population in the postwar period.
Inertial Frame Dragging in an Acoustic Analogue Spacetime
Authors: Chakraborty Chandrachur , Ganguly Oindrila , Majumdar Parthasarathi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe report an incipient exploration of the Lense‐Thirring precession effect in a rotating acoustic analogue black hole spacetime. An exact formula is deduced for the precession frequency of a gyroscope due to inertial frame dragging, close to the ergosphere of a ‘Draining Bathtub’ acoustic spacetime which has been studied extensively for acoustic Hawking radiation of phonons and also for ‘superresonance’. The formula is verified by embedding the two dimensional spatial (acoustic) geometry into a three dimensional one where the similarity with standard Lense‐Thirring precession results within a strong gravity framework is well known. Prospects of experimental detection of this new ‘fixed‐metric’ effect in acoustic geometries, are briefly discussed.
Modulation of Quorum Sensing in a Gram‐Positive Pathogen by Linear Molecularly Imprinted Polymers with Anti‐infective Properties
Authors: Motib Anfal , Guerreiro Antonio , Al‐Bayati Firas , Piletska Elena , Manzoor Irfan , Shafeeq Sulman , Kadam Anagha , Kuipers Oscar , Hiller Luisa , Cowen Todd , Piletsky Sergey , Andrew Peter W. , Yesilkaya Hasan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe describe the development, characterization, and biological testing of a new type of linear molecularly imprinted polymer (LMIP) designed to act as an anti‐infective by blocking the quorum sensing (QS) mechanism and so abrogating the virulence of the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. The LMIP is prepared (polymerized) in presence of a template molecule, but unlike in traditional molecular imprinting approaches, no cross‐linker is used. This results in soluble low‐molecular‐weight oligomers that can act as a therapeutic agent in vitro and in vivo. The LMIP was characterized by mass spectrometry to determine its monomer composition. Fragments identified were then aligned along the peptide template by computer modeling to predict the possible monomer sequence of the LMIP. These findings provide a proof of principle that LMIPs can be used to block QS, thus setting the stage for the development of LMIPs a novel drug‐discovery platform and class of materials to target Gram‐positive pathogens.
Deep‐Level Defect Enhanced Photothermal Performance of Bismuth Sulfide–Gold Heterojunction Nanorods for Photothermal Therapy of Cancer Guided by Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Cheng Yan , Chang Yun , Feng Yanlin , Jian Hui , Tang Zhaohui , Zhang Haiyuan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanomaterials are emerging as a promising theranostic platform for computed tomography imaging and photothermal therapy of cancer. Herein, the photothermal properties of Bi2S3 nanorods (NRs) were unveiled to intensely correlate to their intrinsic deep‐level defects (DLDs) that potentially could work as electron–hole nonradiative recombination centers to promote phonon production, ultimately leading to photothermal performance. Bi2S3‐Au heterojunction NRs were designed to hold more significant DLD properties, exhibiting more potent photothermal performance than Bi2S3 NRs. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, Bi2S3‐Au NRs could trigger higher cellular heat shock protein 70 expression and more apoptotic cells than Bi2S3 NRs, and caused severe cell death and tumor growth inhibition, showing great potential for photothermal therapy of cancer guided by computed tomography imaging.
Fluor in einer C‐F‐Bindung als Schlüssel für die Käfigbildung
Authors: Holl Maxwell Gargiulo , Pitts Cody Ross , Lectka Thomas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractKäfigmoleküle werden schon lange verwendet, um reaktive oder kurzlebige Spezies einzufangen, da ihre starre Natur es ihnen ermöglicht, Bedingungen zu erzwingen, die anderweitig nicht von Dauer wären. Dieser Kurzaufsatz diskutiert die Verwendung starrer Käfigstrukturen, um die engen nichtkovalenten Wechselwirkungen von Fluor mit anderen funktionellen Gruppen zu untersuchen und um zu bestimmen, wie diese enge Nachbarschaft die physikalischen Eigenschaften und die Reaktivität beeinflusst. Auch ungewöhnliche kovalente Wechselwirkungen von Fluor werden angesprochen: Der Käfig kann sich schließen, wobei das erste C‐F‐C‐Fluoroniumion in Lösung gebildet wird.
Distal Weak Coordination of Acetamides in Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation Processes
Authors: Bu Qingqing , Rogge Torben , Kotek Vladislav , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: November 2017

AbstractC−H activations with challenging arylacetamides were accomplished by versatile ruthenium(II) biscarboxylate catalysis. The distal C−H functionalization offers ample scope—including twofold oxidative C−H functionalizations and alkyne hydroarylations—through facile base‐assisted internal electrophilic‐type substitution (BIES) C−H ruthenation by weak O‐coordination.
Subporpholactone, Subporpholactam, Imidazolosubporphyrin, and Iridium Complexes of Imidazolosubporphyrin: Formation of Iridium Carbene Complexes
Authors: Yoshida Kota , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPyrrole‐modified subporphyrins bearing a non‐pyrrolic cyclic unit, subporpholactone, subporpholactam, and imidazolosubporphyrin were newly synthesized. They show subporphyrin‐like absorption and fluorescence spectra that are red‐shifted in the order of subporpholactam<subporpholactone<imidazolosubporphyrin. Metalation of the imidazolosubporphyrin with (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium(III) dichloride dimer gave a complex, in which the iridium(III) atom was attached at the peripheral nitrogen atom of the imidazole moiety and the ortho‐position of the meso‐phenyl group. Reaction of this complex with diphenylacetylene gave different products depending on the used additive; a phenyl‐rearranged product in the presence of NaBArF4 (ArF=3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) and two isomeric carbene complexes in the presence of KPF6.
Simple Access to the Heaviest Alkaline Earth Metal Hydride: A Strongly Reducing Hydrocarbon‐Soluble Barium Hydride Cluster
Authors: Wiesinger Michael , Maitland Brant , Färber Christian , Ballmann Gerd , Fischer Christian , Elsen Holger , Harder Sjoerd 
Published: November 2017

AbstractReaction of Ba[N(SiMe3)2]2 with PhSiH3 in toluene gave simple access to the unique Ba hydride cluster Ba7H7[N(SiMe3)2]7 that can be described as a square pyramid spanned by five Ba2+ ions with two flanking BaH[N(SiMe3)2] units. This heptanuclear cluster is well soluble in aromatic solvents, and the hydride 1H NMR signals and coupling pattern suggests that the structure is stable in solution. At 95 °C, no coalescence of hydride signals is observed but the cluster slowly decomposes to undefined barium hydride species. The complex Ba7H7[N(SiMe3)2]7 is a very strong reducing agent that already at room temperature reacts with Me3SiCH=CH2, norbornadiene, and ethylene. The highly reactive alkyl barium intermediates cannot be observed and deprotonate the (Me3Si)2N− ion, as confirmed by the crystal structure of Ba14H12[N(SiMe3)2]12[(Me3Si)(Me2SiCH2)N]4.
Soft polyurethanes treated by plasma immersion ion implantation: Structural and mechanical properties of the surface‐modified layer
Authors: Morozov Ilya A. , Mamaev Alexander S. , Osorgina Irina V. , Beliaev Anton Y. , Izumov Roman I. , Oschepkova Tamara E. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe surfaces of soft polyurethanes (with elastic moduli of 7 and 50 MPa) treated by plasma immersion ion implantation were studied; the materials became hard and wrinkled. The characteristics of the modified surface (modulus, roughness, wave and fractal parameters, linear deformation) and the cross‐sectioned layer were studied in relation to the treatment regime and the modulus of the polymer. A hypothesis that the wrinkling was solely caused by thermal expansion was checked but rejected. The cross‐section of the treated material had a hard part of a certain thickness and a transition zone. The elastic modulus of the hard part was estimated by the finite element method. A comparison of the obtained thicknesses with calculations by TRIM software indicated that the latter gave underestimated results. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45983.
Roll‐to‐roll nanoimprint lithography of ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Hutfles Jacob , Chapman Wesley , Pellegrino John 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTNanoimprinting of a commercial, as supplied, polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane has been carried out for the first time using a roll‐to‐roll (R2R) process. To support this processing approach, we also developed a reusable flexible polyetherimide mold. We were able to pattern membrane at room temperature (∼21 °C) due to the high pressures (22 MPa) applied during the low contact times (<2 s) inherent to R2R imprinting. N2 permeance (L m−2 h−1 bar−1) testing was used as an indicator to verify retention of membrane porosity and to guide selection of imprinting parameters during initial screening studies. Further measurements showed the N2 and (scaled) deionized water permeances to have a 0.97 correlation coefficient. We scaled up the size of patterned membranes to as large as 226 cm2 area, thereby demonstrating the plausibility of continuously patterning commercial ultrafiltration membranes. We also investigated pattern stability versus aqueous heat treatment and found that time, temperature, and imparted strain (during patterning) may all influence stability, but no evidence of pattern loss was observed in electron micrographs after our filtration experiments. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45993.
Periodically Arranged Arrays of Dendritic Pt Nanospheres Using Cage‐Type Mesoporous Silica as a Hard Template
Authors: Kani Kenya , Malgras Victor , Jiang Bo , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Alshehri Saad M. , Ahamad Tansir , Salunkhe Rahul R. , Huang Zhenguo , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDendritic Pt nanospheres of 20 nm diameter are synthesized by using a highly concentrated surfactant assembly within the large‐sized cage‐type mesopores of mesoporous silica (LP‐FDU‐12). After diluting the surfactant solution with ethanol, the lower viscosity leads to an improved penetration inside the mesopores. After Pt deposition followed by template removal, the arrangement of the Pt nanospheres is a replication from that of the mesopores in the original LP‐FDU‐12 template. Although it is well known that ordered LLCs can form on flat substrates, the confined space inside the mesopores hinders surfactant self‐organization. Therefore, the Pt nanospheres possess a dendritic porous structure over the entire area. The distortion observed in some nanospheres is attributed to the close proximity existing between neighboring cage‐type mesopores. This new type of nanoporous metal with a hierarchical architecture holds potential to enhance substance diffusivity/accessibility for further improvement of catalytic activity.
Two‐stage model for multivariate longitudinal and survival data with application to nephrology research
Authors: Guler Ipek , Faes Christel , Cadarso‐Suárez Carmen , Teixeira Laetitia , Rodrigues Anabela , Mendonça Denisa 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn many follow‐up studies different types of outcomes are collected including longitudinal measurements and time‐to‐event outcomes. Commonly, it is of interest to study the association between them. Joint modeling approaches of a single longitudinal outcome and survival process have recently gained increasing attention from both frequentist and Bayesian perspective. However, in many studies several longitudinal biomarkers are of interest and instead of selecting one single biomarker, the relationships between all these outcomes and their association with survival needs to be investigated. Our motivating study comes from Peritoneal Dialysis Programme in Nephrology research from Nephrology Unit, CHP (Hospital de Santo António), Porto, Portugal in which the interest relies on the possible association between various biomarkers (calcium, phosphate, parathormone, and creatinine) and the patients' survival. To this aim, we propose a two‐stage model‐based approach for multivariate longitudinal and survival data that allowed us to study such complex association structure. The multivariate model suggested in this paper provided new insights in the area of nephrology research showing valid results in comparison with those models studying each longitudinal biomarker with survival separately.