bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile medical app development with a focus on traceability
Authors: Trektere Kitija , Regan Gilbert , Caffery Fergal Mc , Flood Derek , Lepmets Marion , Barry Grainne 
Published: March 2017

AbstractToday, the growth of medical devices and mobile medical applications is increasing enormously, thanks to the efficiency and enhancement of new technology. When it comes to mobile medical apps, developers need to understand what is required when a mobile application fulfils the definition of a medical device. Such applications have to be developed in compliance with medical device regulations. This can be a challenge for mobile medical application developers, as medical device software is normally developed in a manner that will also ensure the production of regulatory documentation that is essential to market such devices. In this paper, we identify the need for a mobile medical application development framework, the key criteria for such a framework, and describe how the results were collected through performing a Medical Device Software Development workshop. Furthermore, we describe how MDevSPICE together with an agile software development approach can be tailored to support a mobile medical applications development framework. We detail one of the key criteria for mobile medical application development framework—traceability.
Evaluation of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Gammaplex® 10% Versus Gammaplex® 5% in Subjects with Primary Immunodeficiency
Authors: Wasserman Richard L. , Melamed Isaac R. , Stein Mark R. , Jolles Stephen , Norton Miranda , Moy James N. ,   for the GMX07 Study Group
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Purpose
This phase 3, multicenter, open-label, randomized, two-period, crossover bioequivalence trial evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) Gammaplex 5% and Gammaplex 10% in 33 adults and 15 children with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs).

Methods
Eligible adults received five Gammaplex 5% infusions followed by five Gammaplex 10% infusions, or vice versa, stratified by a 21- or 28-day dosing regimen. Pediatric subjects received five Gammaplex 10% infusions only.

Results
The primary objective, to demonstrate the bioequivalence of Gammaplex 10% and Gammaplex 5% at the 28-day dosing interval, was met based on the Gammaplex 10%/Gammaplex 5% ratio of area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC0–28) values. Throughout the study, total immunoglobulin G trough levels were well maintained, with total values generally ≥600 mg/dL (minimum level for study inclusion). At the dosing schedules and infusion rates used in this study, safety and tolerability were comparable and acceptable in adult and pediatric PID subjects treated with Gammaplex 10% and 5%.

Conclusions
In this study, the first direct comparison of 5% IVIG and 10% IVIG products in PID subjects, the pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated bioequivalence of Gammaplex 10% and Gammaplex 5% at the 28-day dosing interval. The Gammaplex 10% formulation was safe and well tolerated in pediatric and adult PID subjects. Based on the results from this bridging study in PID subjects, Gammaplex 10% could be expected to have a therapeutic effect similar to the licensed Gammaplex 5%, which has demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in patients with PID and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Foaming Properties of Commercial Lauramide Amide Oxide in High‐Salinity Water
Authors: Wang Yang , Ge Jijiang , Zhang Guicai 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe original purpose of our work was finding commercial foaming agents for high‐salinity reservoirs. During the study, the commercial lauramide amide oxide solution displayed different foaming properties in high‐salinity water (salinity 220,000 mg/L) at different aging times and relatively low temperature (25 °C). Foam volume decreases drastically first with the increase of aging time. Then, with further aging, foam volume increases. However, in low‐salinity water or at high temperature, no obvious foam volume variation was observed. Lauric acid in the commercial surfactant plays a key role. Under proper temperature and pH conditions, lauric acid will react with Ca2+. Calcium laurate generated from lauric acid in the commercial form and Ca2+ from water influences the foaming property significantly. At the beginning of calcium laurate generation, surfactants adsorb on calcium laurate and decelerate the diffusion velocity of lauramide amide oxide from the bulk phase to the air–water interface. With the increase of aging time, calcium laurate gathers, thus adsorption of lauramide amide oxide by calcium laurate decreases. Hence, the foaming volume increases.
Economic Assimilation and Skill Acquisition: Evidence From the Occupational Sorting of Childhood Immigrants
Authors: Bacolod Marigee , Rangel Marcos A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe study the economic assimilation of childhood immigrants to the United States. The linguistic distance between English and the predominant language in one’s country of birth interacted with age at arrival is shown to be closely connected to occupational sorting in adulthood. By applying big-data techniques to occupations’ detailed skill requirements, we provide evidence that childhood immigrants from English-distant countries who arrived after the primary school years reveal comparative advantages in tasks distinct from those for which (close to) Anglophone immigrants are better suited. Meanwhile, those who arrive at younger ages specialize in a bundle of skills very similar to that supplied by observationally equivalent workers. These patterns emerge even after we net out the effects of formal education. Such findings are compatible with the existence of different degrees of complementarity between relative English-learning potential at arrival and the acquisition of multiple capabilities demanded in the U.S. labor market (math/logic, socioemotional, physical, and communication skills). Consistent with the investment-complementarity argument, we show that linguistic distance and age at arrival also play a significant role on the choice of college major within this population.
Contributions of specific causes of death to lost life expectancy in severe mental illness
Authors: Jayatilleke N. , Hayes R.D. , Dutta R. , Shetty H. , Hotopf M. , Chang C.-K. , Stewart R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe life expectancy gap between people with severe mental illness (SMI) and the general population persists and may even be widening. This study aimed to estimate contributions of specific causes of death to the gap. Age of death and primary cause of death were used to estimate life expectancy at birth for people with SMI from a large mental healthcare case register during 2007–2012. Using data for England and Wales in 2010, death rates in the SMI cohort for each primary cause of death category were replaced with gender- and age-specific norms for that cause. Life expectancy in SMI was then re-calculated and, thus, the contribution of that specific cause of death estimated. Natural causes accounted for 79.2% of lost life-years in women with SMI and 78.6% in men. Deaths from circulatory disorders accounted for more life-years lost in women than men (22.0% versus 17.4%, respectively), as did deaths from cancer (8.1% versus 0%), but the contribution from respiratory disorders was lower in women than men (13.7% versus 16.5%). For women, cancer contributed more in those with non-affective than affective disorders, while suicide, respiratory and digestive disorders contributed more in those with affective disorders. In men, respiratory disorders contributed more in non-affective disorders. Other contributions were similar between gender and affective/non-affective groups. Loss of life expectancy in people with SMI is accounted for by a broad range of causes of death, varying by gender and diagnosis. Interventions focused on multiple rather than individual causes of death should be prioritised accordingly.
Self-Reported Neuropathic Pain Characteristics of Women with Provoked Vulvar Pain: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Dargie Emma , Gilron Ian , Pukall Caroline F. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a common chronic genital pain condition affecting approximately 12% of premenopausal women. Although parallels have been drawn between PVD and neuropathic pain (NP), no studies have examined self-reported NP characteristics in PVD.

Aim
To explore pain symptoms that resemble NP reported by those with PVD and compare responses with those with an established NP condition.

Methods
Women with provoked vulvar pain (PVP; n = 65) completed online questionnaires designed to assess characteristics of NP. Responses were compared with those of women with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN; n = 30).

Outcomes
In addition to a range of descriptive questions, participants completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Self-Complete Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Signs and Symptoms (S-LANSS), the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI), and the Pain Quality Assessment Scale (PQAS).

Results
PVP exhibits some neuropathic characteristics, typically evoked pain (as opposed to the more constant pain of PHN) indicative of allodynia and hyperalgesia. Specifically, women with PVP scored, on average, higher than the NP cutoff on the S-LANSS, and there were no significant differences between women with PVP and those with PHN on some NPSI subscales. However, women with PHN reported more NP symptoms on the PQAS, S-LANSS, and other NPSI subscales.

Clinical Implications
Validated NP questionnaires could be of particular use for health care professionals who need a more efficient way to assess symptoms of patients with PVP and should be included in future studies investigating the mechanisms and treatment of this pain.

Strengths and Limitations
This study takes a unique approach to the examination of PVP by using multiple validated NP measures to compare pain characteristics with those of a group of participants with PHN, an established NP condition. However, it is limited by self-reported data not confirmed with clinical examination, small size of the PHN group, and the severity of the pain experienced in the PVP group.

Conclusion
Women with PVP report some symptoms suggestive of NP characteristics, and future research should use NP measures in addition to physical examinations to further investigate the mechanisms that maintain this pain condition.
Scopulariopsisand scopulariopsis-like species from indoor environments
Authors: Woudenberg J.H.C. , Meijer M. , Houbraken J. , Samson R.A. 
Published: March 2017

Scopulariopsis-like species are often reported from the indoor environment, as well as from clinical samples. The lack of type isolates and thorough phylogenetic studies in theMicroascaceaehampered the correct identification of these isolates. Based on recent phylogenetic studies, which resulted in multiple name changes, the aim is to molecularly identify theScopulariopsisand scopulariopsis-like species which occur in the indoor environment and give an overview of the current species in these genera and their habitats. Strains from the CBS culture collection were supplemented with almost 80 indoor strains of which the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 and intervening 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), beta-tubulin (tub2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene regions were sequenced for phylogenetic inference. The multi-gene phylogenies recognise 33Microascusspecies and 12Scopulariopsisspecies and showed that the recently established genusFuscoannellis, typified byScopulariopsis carbonaria, should be synonymized with the genusYunnania. Seven newMicroascusspecies, four newScopulariopsisspecies, and one newYunnaniaspecies, are described, and a new name inMicroascusand two new name combinations (one inMicroascus, and one inYunnania) are proposed. In the indoor environment 14Microascusspecies and threeScopulariopsisspecies were found.Scopulariopsis brevicaulis(22 indoor isolates) andMicroascus melanosporus(19 indoor isolates) are the most common indoor species, in number of isolates, followed byM. paisii(8 indoor isolates) andS. candida(7 indoor isolates). A genus phylogeny based on the ITS,tef1and the large subunit 28S nrDNA (LSU) of the type or representative isolates of all here recognised species is provided depicting all species habitats. No correlation between phylogenetic relationship and habitat preference could be observed. Ten species which are found indoor are also found in relation with human-derived samples. A table showing recent name changes and a key to common species ofScopulariopsisand scopulariopsis-like genera found indoors is included.
The description of bilingualism
Authors: Mackey William F. 
Published: March 2017

Bilingualism is not a phenomenon of language; it is a characteristic of its use. It is not a feature of the code but of the message. It does not belong to the domain of “langue” but of “parole.”If language is the property of the group, bilingualism is the property of the individual. An individual’s use of two languages supposes the existence of two different language communities; it does not suppose the existence of a bilingual community. The bilingual community can only be regarded as a dependent collection of individuals who have reasons for being bilingual. A self-sufficient bilingual community has no reason to remain bilingual, since a closed community in which everyone is fluent in two languages could get along just as well with one language. As long as there are different monolingual communities, however, there is likelihood of contact between them; this contact results in bilingualism.
English -sion, -tion nouns
Authors: Trager Felicia Harben 
Published: March 2017

This study presents a partial analysis of nouns ending in orthographic -sion, -tion (or -ion) and morphophonemic variations between these nouns and related stems. It deals with an area traditionally called derivation.The frame of reference is that of Trager and Smith, Outline of English Structure, supplemented by subsequent revisions and additions to the general theory developed by the authors in their teaching. For the purposes of this study the morphemic analysis will be limited to “postmorphemes,” i.e., morphemes occurring at the end of the word. Everything which precedes the postmorpheme(s) will be called the “stem” and will not be further segmented. The “stem” may occur elsewhere as an independent word (mutation: mutate) or in composition with different postmorpheme(s) (ambition: ambitious). The following special symbols will be used: √ … “morphemes”; √ … “allomorphs”; √ …/ “morphophonemes”; ∽ “varies with.” In three cases (Y, T, S) a small capital letter is used as a morphophonemic symbol; these are denned below.
The structure and development of a counter-rotating wing-tip vortex pair
Authors: Devenport William J. , Zsoldos Jeffrey S. , Vogel Christine M. 
Published: March 2017

Experiments have been performed to examine the turbulence structure and development of a pair of counter-rotating wing-tip vortices. The vortices were generated by two rectangular NACA 0012 half wings placed tip to tip, separated by 0.25 chordlengths. Preliminary studies showed the vortices to be insensitive to the introduction of a probe and subject only to small wandering motions. Meaningful measurements could therefore be made using hot-wire probes. Three-component velocity measurements were made 10 and 30 chordlengths downstream of the wing leading edges for a chord Reynolds number of 260000.At 10 chordlengths the vortex cores are laminar. True turbulence levels within them are low and vary little with radius. The turbulence that surrounds the cores is formed by the roll-up of and interaction of the wing wakes that spiral around them. This turbulence is stretched and organized but apparently not produced by the circulating mean velocity fields of the vortices.At 30 chordlengths the vortex cores have become turbulent. True turbulence levels within them are larger and increase rapidly with radius. The turbulent region surrounding the cores has doubled in size and turbulence levels have not diminished, apparently being sustained by outward diffusion from the core regions. The distribution of the turbulence has also changed, the wake spirals having been replaced by a much more core-centred turbulence field.This change in flow structure contrasts sharply with what is seen in the equivalent isolated tip vortex, produced when one of the wings is removed. Here the vortex core remains laminar and the turbulence surrounding it decays rapidly with downstream distance. This implies that the transition to turbulence in the cores of the vortex pair is stimulated by interaction between the vortices. Spectral measurements at 10 chordlengths suggest that short-wave instability may be the cause.
An ideal dielectric coat to avoid prosthesis RF-artefacts in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Zanovello U. , Matekovits L. , Zilberti L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe number of people submitted to total hip or knee arthroplasty increased in the last years and it is likely to grow further. Hence, the importance of a proper investigation tool that allows to determine and recognize the potential presence of perioperative and/or postoperative diseases becomes clear. Although the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique demonstrated several advantages over the other common tomography tools, it suffers from the arise of image artefacts if it is performed in presence of metallic prostheses. In particular, the so-called RF-artefacts are caused by the inhomogeneity in the radiofrequency magnetic field of MRI, due to the electric currents induced on the metal surface by the field itself. In this work, a near-zero permittivity dielectric coat is simulated to reduce those currents and, therefore, the RF-artefacts onset in the final image. Numerical results confirm that the dielectric coat strongly reduces the magnetic field inhomogeneity, suggesting a possible solution to a well-known problem in the MRI field.
Na-rich layered Na2Ti1−xCrxO3−x/2 (x = 0, 0.06): Na-ion battery cathode materials with high capacity and long cycle life
Authors: Song Shufeng , Kotobuki Masashi , Chen Yingqian , Manzhos Sergei , Xu Chaohe , Hu Ning , Lu Li 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRechargeable lithium batteries have been well-known and indispensable for portable electronic devices, and have the potential to be used in electric vehicles and smart grids. However, the growing concerns about the availability of lithium resources for large-scale applications have revived interest in sodium ion batteries. Of many obstacles to commercialization of Na-ion batteries, achieving simultaneously a large reversible capacity and good cycling capability of electrode materials remains a major challenge. Here, we report a new cathode material, Na-rich layered oxide Na2Ti0.94Cr0.06O2.97, that delivers high reversible capacity of 336 mAh g−1 at current density of 18.9 mA g−1 along with promising cycling capability of 74% capacity retention over 1000 cycles at current of 378 mA g−1. The high capacity is associated to the redox reaction of oxygen, which is confirmed here by a combined experimental and theoretical study. The present work therefore shows that materials beyond mainstream layered oxides and polyanion compounds should be considered as candidate high-performance cathodes for Na-ion batteries.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Protects Mice Against Cardiac Fibrosis by Inhibiting Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator-mediated Plasminogen Activation
Authors: Gupta Kamlesh K. , Donahue Deborah L. , Sandoval-Cooper Mayra J. , Castellino Francis J. , Ploplis Victoria A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPlasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is known to protect mice against cardiac fibrosis. It has been speculated that PAI-1 may regulate cardiac fibrosis by inactivating urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and ultimately plasmin (Pm) generation. However, the in vivo role of PAI-1 in inactivating uPA and limiting the generation of Pm during cardiac fibrosis remains to be established. The objective of this study was to determine if the cardioprotective effect of PAI-1 is mediated through its ability to directly regulate urokinase -mediated activation of plasminogen (Pg). An Angiotensin II (AngII)-aldosterone (Ald) infusion mouse model of hypertension was utilised in this study. Four weeks after AngII-Ald infusion, PAI-1-deficient (PAI-1−/−) mice developed severe cardiac fibrosis. However, a marked reduction in cardiac fibrosis was observed in PAI-1−/−/uPA−/− double knockout mice that was associated with reduced inflammation, lower expression levels of TGF-β and proteases associated with tissue remodeling, and diminished Smad2 signaling. Moreover, total ablation of cardiac fibrosis was observed in PAI-1−/− mice that express inactive plasmin (Pm) but normal levels of zymogen Pg (PAI-1−/−/PgS743A/S743A). Our findings indicate that PAI-1 protects mice from hypertension-induced cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting the generation of active Pm.
Alleviation of mercury toxicity to a marine copepod under multigenerational exposure by ocean acidification
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Wen-Xiong , Wang Minghua 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) may potentially modify the responses of aquatic organisms to other environmental stressors including metals. In this study, we investigated the effects of near-future OA (pCO2 1000 μatm) and mercury (Hg) on the development and reproduction of marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus under multigenerational life-cycle exposure. Metal accumulation as well as seven life history traits (survival rate, sex ratio, developmental time from nauplius to copepodite, developmental time from nauplius to adult, number of clutches, number of nauplii/clutch and fecundity) was quantified for each generation. Hg exposure alone evidently suppressed the number of nauplii/clutch, whereas single OA exposure negligibly affected the seven traits of copepods. However, OA exposure significantly alleviated the Hg inhibitory effects on number of nauplii/clutch and fecundity, which could be explained by the reduced Hg accumulation under OA. Such combined exposure also significantly shortened the development time. Thus, in contrast to earlier findings for other toxic metals, this study demonstrated that OA potentially mitigated the Hg toxicity to some important life traits in marine copepods during multigenerational exposure.
Altered spontaneous brain activity in chronic smokers revealed by fractional ramplitude of low-frequency fluctuation analysis: a preliminary study
Authors: Wang Chao , Shen Zhujing , Huang Peiyu , Yu Hualiang , Qian Wei , Guan Xiaojun , Gu Quanquan , Yang Yihong , Zhang Minming 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough a substantial body of previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have revealed different brain responses to external stimuli in chronic cigarette smokers compared with nonsmokers, only a few studies assessed brain spontaneous activity in the resting state in chronic smokers. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations of brain activity during the resting state in chronic smokers using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF). In the present study, 55 smokers and 49 healthy nonsmokers were included. All the subjects underwent resting-state fMRI scans and the data were analyzed by the fALFF approach. The smokers showed significantly decreased fALFF in the left precuneus, right inferior temporal and occipital gyrus(ITG/IOG), while significantly increased fALFF in the right caudate. Subsequent correlation analysis revealed that the fALFF values of the left precuneus and right ITG/IOG were positively correlated with years of smoking across the smokers. This resting-state fMRI study suggests that the changed spontaneous neuronal activity, as reflected by the fALFF, in these regions may be implicated in the underlying the pathophysiology of smoking.