bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical morphology of anogenital warts is not a marker of atypical histology or of infection to the high‐risk human papillomavirus genotypes
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Bhari Neetu , Gupta Vishal , Ramachandran V. G. , Arava Sudheer , Dar Lalit , Sharma Vinod K. , Verma Kaushal K. , Dwivedi Sada N. , Gupta Somesh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical morphology of anogenital warts may vary from flat, filiform, papular, or verrucous to giant condyloma acuminatum. Clinically atypical‐looking genital warts may alarm the clinician because of their suspected malignant potential, which may cause anxiety, often leading to aggressive interventions.ObjectiveTo study if clinically atypical‐looking anogenital warts are more likely to be premalignant or malignant as compared to typical warts.MethodData of 41 (37 males, 4 females) patients with anogenital warts was retrospectively analyzed. After a detailed literature review and in‐house discussions, criteria for anogenital warts with typical and atypical clinical morphology were defined. Clinical photographs were independently reviewed by three dermatologists, and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping results, histological evaluation, and immunohistochemical analysis for p53 expression were evaluated.ResultsFifteen (36.6%) anogenital warts were classified as atypical by at least two of three blinded dermatologists. The histological examination showed mitotic figures in 31/41 (75.6%) specimens, dysplasia in 14/41 (44.1%) specimens, and p53 positivity in 34/41 (82.9%) specimens. There was no significant difference in the high‐risk HPV genotyping (P = 0.67), frequency of dysplastic changes on histology (P = 0.19), and immunohistochemistry with p53 (P = 0.08) between clinically typical and atypical‐appearing anogenital warts. Similarly, no significant difference was found in the frequency of dysplastic changes (P = 0.67) or p53 expressions (P =0.41) based on the HPV genotypes.ConclusionsThe atypical clinical morphology of anogenital warts may not be a marker of increased malignant potential. High‐risk HPV genotypes do not have a statistically significant association with dysplasia or positive immunohistochemistry with p53.
Effectiveness of applying flipped learning to clinical nursing practicums for nursing students in Korea: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Hyun Sook , Kim Mi Young , Cho Mi‐Kyoung , Jang Sun Joo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to develop flipped learning models for clinical practicums and compare their effectiveness regarding learner motivation toward learning, satisfaction, and confidence in performing core nursing skills among undergraduate nursing students in Korea.MethodsThis study was a randomized clinical trial designed to compare the effectiveness of 2 flipped learning models. Data were collected for 3 days from October 21 to 23, 2015 before the clinical practicum was implemented and for 2 weeks from October 26 to December 18, 2015 during the practicum period.ResultsThe confidence of the students in performing core nursing skills was likely to increase after they engaged in the clinical practicum in both study groups. However, while learner confidence and motivation were not affected by the type of flipped learning, learner satisfaction did differ between the 2 groups.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that applying flipped learning allows students to conduct individualized learning with a diversity of clinical cases at their own level of understanding and at their own pace before they participate in real‐world practicums.
Clinical outcomes in patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor‐mutated non‐small‐cell lung cancer in South Western Sydney Local Health District
Authors: Ding Pei N. , Roberts Tara L. , Chua Wei , Becker Therese M. , Descallar Joseph , Yip Po Y. , Bray Victoria 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutated non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a subgroup of oncogene addicted lung cancer that predicts response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, there is variability in response and survival outcomes in patients with EGFR mutation treated with TKI.AimTo describe clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and factors influencing outcomes in patients with EGFR‐mutated NSCLC in South Western Sydney Local Health District.MethodsRetrospective review of patients with EGFR‐mutated NSCLC diagnosed between January 2010 and June 2016.ResultsA total of 85 EGFR‐mutated NSCLC patients was identified; 80 (94%) received first‐line treatment with EGFR‐TKI. The median follow‐up was 10.7 months with a median duration of treatment of 9 months. On disease progression (n = 44), 37% had best supportive care only, 30% received chemotherapy, 23% participated in clinical trials, 7% continued on a first generation EGFR‐TKI and 3% received afatinib. Overall response rate to first‐line EGFR‐TKI was 66%. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 10.7 months (range 2.7–55.9 months) and median overall survival (OS) was 23 months (range 0.4–35.8 months). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that patients with lower disease burden (<4 sites) had longer PFS (hazard ratio (HR) 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18–0.72, P = 0.004) but not OS. Good performance status predicts longer OS (HR 0.33, CI 0.14–0.77, P = 0.01). Lower (<5) pre‐treatment neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was associated with better PFS (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.18–0.87, P = 0.02) and OS (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.19–0.94, P = 0.04). There were no survival differences when patients were stratified by age, baseline albumin level and types of EGFR mutation.ConclusionResults from this community‐based cohort confirm known prognostic factors in patients with EGFR‐mutated NSCLC receiving TKI and suggest the negative influence of a heightened host systemic inflammatory response on patient outcomes.
Disruption of theATP/adenosine balance inCD39−/−mice is associated with handling‐induced seizures
Authors: Lanser Amanda J. , Rezende Rafael M. , Rubino Stephen , Lorello Paul J. , Donnelly Dustin J. , Xu Huixin , Lau Lauren A. , Dulla Chris G. , Caldarone Barbara J. , Robson Simon C. , Weiner Howard L. 
Published: July 2017

SummarySeizures are due to excessive, synchronous neuronal firing in the brain and are characteristic of epilepsy, the fourth most prevalent neurological disease. We report handling‐induced and spontaneous seizures in mice deficient forCD39, a cell‐surfaceATPase highly expressed on microglial cells.CD39−/−mice with handling‐induced seizures had normal input–output curves and paired‐pulse ratio measured from hippocampal slices and lacked microgliosis, astrogliosis or overt cell loss in the hippocampus and cortex. As expected, however, the cerebrospinal fluid ofCD39−/−mice contained increased levels ofATPand decreased levels of adenosine. To determine if immune activation was involved in seizure progression, we challenged mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and measured the effect on microglia activation and seizure severity. SystemicLPSchallenge resulted in increased cortical staining of Iba1/CD68 and gene array data from purified microglia predicted increased expression of interleukin‐8, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1, p38, pattern recognition receptors, death receptor, nuclear factor‐κB , complement, acute phase, and interleukin‐6 signalling pathways inCD39−/−versusCD39+/+mice. However,LPStreatment did not affect handling‐induced seizures. In addition, microglia‐specificCD39 deletion in adult mice was not sufficient to cause seizures, suggesting instead that altered expression ofCD39 during development or on non‐microglial cells such as vascular endothelial cells may promote the seizure phenotype. In summary, we show a correlation between altered extracellularATP/adenosine ratio and a previously unreported seizure phenotype inCD39−/−mice. This work provides groundwork for further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of epilepsy.
Two‐colour chewing gum mixing ability test for evaluating masticatory performance in children with mixed dentition: validity and reliability study
Authors: Kaya M. S. , Güçlü B. , Schimmel M. , Akyüz S. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe unappealing taste of the chewing material and the time‐consuming repetitive task in masticatory performance tests using artificial foodstuff may discourage children from performing natural chewing movements. Therefore, the aim was to determine the validity and reliability of a two‐colour chewing gum mixing ability test for masticatory performance (MP) assessment in mixed dentition children. Masticatory performance was tested in two groups: systemically healthy fully dentate young adults and children in mixed dentition. Median particle size was assessed using a comminution test, and a two‐colour chewing gum mixing ability test was applied for MP analysis. Validity was tested with Pearson correlation, and reliability was tested with intra‐class correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation and Bland–Altman plots. Both comminution and two‐colour chewing gum mixing ability tests revealed statistically significant MP differences between children (n = 25) and adults (n = 27, both P < 0·01). Pearson correlation between comminution and two‐colour chewing gum mixing ability tests was positive and significant (r = 0·418, P = 0·002). Correlations for interobserver reliability and test–retest values were significant (r = 0·990, P = 0·0001 and r = 0·995, P = 0·0001). Although both methods could discriminate MP differences, the comminution test detected these differences generally in a wider range compared to two‐colour chewing gum mixing ability test. However, considering the high reliability of the results, the two‐colour chewing gum mixing ability test can be used to assess masticatory performance in children, especially at non‐clinical settings.
Effect of MDP‐Based Silane and Different Surface Conditioner Methods on Bonding of Resin Cements to Zirconium Framework
Authors: Özdemir Hatice , Yanikoğlu Nuran , Sağsöz Nurdan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeTo determine the shear bond strength (SBS) between zirconium framework and resin cements after different surface conditioner methods and after application of 10‐methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) based silane and a bonding agent mix.Materials and Methods128 disc‐shaped zirconium‐oxide specimens were prepared. Specimens were placed in autopolymerizing acrylic resin. The bonding surface of specimens was smoothed consecutively with 600‐, 800‐, and 1200‐grit silicon carbide papers under water cooling. Eight groups were prepared: CJ, Co‐Jet; N, Nd‐YAG laser; E, Er‐YAG laser; NS, Nd‐YAG laser + silane; ES, Er‐YAG laser + silane; CJB, Co‐Jet + bonding agent; NSB, Nd‐YAG laser + silane + bonding agent; ESB, Er‐YAG laser + silane + bonding agent. SEM analysis was performed under 2000× magnification. Dual‐ and self‐cured resin cements were bonded to specimens, and shear force was applied. Data were analyzed with one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test (p < 0.05).ResultsThe SBS values differed from each other among the groups. While the CJB group showed the highest values, the N group showed the lowest. The treatment with MDP‐based silane and bonding agent mix increased SBS values of each cement belonging to each group. SB values of dual‐cure resin cement were higher than those of self‐cure resin cements.ConclusionDifferent surface conditioner methods exhibit an important effect on the SBS of resin cements to zirconium. The application of MDP‐based silane and bonding agent mix enhanced SB values.
Trends in HCV treatment uptake, efficacy and impact on liver fibrosis in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Authors: Béguelin Charles , Suter Annatina , Bernasconi Enos , Fehr Jan , Kovari Helen , Bucher Heiner C. , Stoeckle Marcel , Cavassini Mathias , Rougemont Mathieu , Schmid Patrick , Wandeler Gilles , Rauch Andri ,   The Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatitis C virus (HCV) therapies with interferon‐free second‐generation direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) are highly effective and well tolerated. They have the potential to increase treatment eligibility and efficacy in HIV‐infected patients. We assessed the impact of DAAs on treatment uptake and efficacy, as well as its impact on the burden of liver disease in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS).MethodsWe describe clinical and virological characteristics of patients treated with second‐generation DAAs. We compared treatment incidence, sustained virological response (SVR)12 and liver fibrosis stages between three time periods: period 1, 01/2009‐08/2011 (prior to the availability of DAAs); period 2, 09/2011‐03/2014 (first generation DAAs); period 3, 04/2014‐12/2015 (second generation DAAs).ResultsAt the beginning of the third period, 876 SHCS participants had a chronic HCV infection of whom 180 (20%) started treatment with a second‐generation DAA. Three‐quarters of them had advanced liver fibrosis (Metavir ≥ F3) of whom 80% were cirrhotics. SVR12 was achieved in 173/180 (96%) patients, three patients died and four experienced a virological failure. Over the three time periods, treatment uptake (4.5/100 py, 5.7/100 py, 22.4/100 py) and efficacy (54%, 70%, 96% SVR12) continuously increased. The proportion of cirrhotic patients with replicating HCV infection in the SHCS declined from 25% at the beginning to 12% at the end of the last period.ConclusionsAfter the introduction of second‐generation DAAs, we observed an increase in treatment uptake and efficacy which resulted in a significant reduction in the number of cirrhotic patients with a replicating HCV infection in the SHCS.
Shotgun mitogenomics across body size classes in a local assemblage of tropical Diptera: Phylogeny, species diversity and mitochondrial abundance spectrum
Authors: Choo Le Qin , Crampton‐Platt Alex , Vogler Alfried P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMitochondrial genomes can be assembled readily from shotgun‐sequenced DNA mixtures of mass‐trapped arthropods (“mitochondrial metagenomics”), speeding up the taxonomic characterization. Bulk sequencing was conducted on some 800 individuals of Diptera obtained by canopy fogging of a single tree in Borneo dominated by small (<1.5 mm) individuals. Specimens were split into five body size classes for DNA extraction, to equalize read numbers across specimens and to study how body size, a key ecological trait, interacts with species and phylogenetic diversity. Genome assembly produced 304 orthologous mitochondrial contigs presumed to each represent a different species. The small‐bodied fraction was the by far most species‐rich (187 contigs). Identification of contigs was through phylogenetic analysis together with 56 reference mitogenomes, which placed most of the Bornean community into seven clades of small‐bodied species, indicating phylogenetic conservation of body size. Mapping of shotgun reads against the mitogenomes showed wide ranges of read abundances within each size class. Ranked read abundance plots were largely log‐linear, indicating a uniformly filled abundance spectrum, especially for small‐bodied species. Small‐bodied species differed greatly from other size classes in neutral metacommunity parameters, exhibiting greater levels of immigration, besides greater total community size. We suggest that the established uses of mitochondrial metagenomics for analysis of species and phylogenetic diversity can be extended to parameterize recent theories of community ecology and biodiversity, and by focusing on the number mitochondria, rather than individuals, a new theoretical framework for analysis of mitochondrial abundance spectra can be developed that incorporates metabolic activity approximated by the count of mitochondria.
Regulation of transposable elements: Interplay between TE‐encoded regulatory sequences and host‐specific trans‐acting factors in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Jakšić Ana Marija , Kofler Robert , Schlötterer Christian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTransposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements that can move around the genome, and their expression is one precondition for this mobility. Because the insertion of TEs in new genomic positions is largely deleterious, the molecular mechanisms for transcriptional suppression have been extensively studied. In contrast, very little is known about their primary transcriptional regulation. Here, we characterize the expression dynamics of TE families in Drosophila melanogaster across a broad temperature range (13–29°C). In 71% of the expressed TE families, the expression is modulated by temperature. We show that this temperature‐dependent regulation is specific for TE families and strongly affected by the genetic background. We deduce that TEs carry family‐specific regulatory sequences, which are targeted by host‐specific trans‐acting factors, such as transcription factors. Consistent with the widespread dominant inheritance of gene expression, we also find the prevailing dominance of TE family expression. We conclude that TE family expression across a range of temperatures is regulated by an interaction between TE family‐specific regulatory elements and trans‐acting factors of the host.
A Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory‐Based Model for Mix Proportion Estimation of High‐Performance Concrete
Authors: Chiew Fei Ha , Ng Chee Khoon , Chai Kok Chin , Tay Kai Meng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA new approach that adopts the use of fuzzy adaptive resonance theory (ART) neural network in estimating high‐performance concrete (HPC) mix proportion from experimental data is devised. The proposed model receives a set of desired concrete performances, searches for a set of mix proportions that is near to the desired concrete performances, classifies the mix proportions into clusters, measures the similarity between performances of deduced clusters with desired performances, and deduces a mix proportion. The proposed model was used to estimate the mix proportions of five batches of concrete based on the performance criteria of 7th and 28th day compressive strengths. The generated mix proportions were used in an experimental work and the errors were within 13% for 7th compressive strength; and 7% for the 28th day compressive strength, signifying the reliability of the fuzzy ART‐based model in estimating the mix proportion of HPC. This article contributes to an alternative method of mix proportion estimation of HPC by avoiding the use of complicated function approximation techniques.
Foreign Language Educators’ Exposure to Research: Reported Experiences, Exposure Via Citations, and a Proposal for Action
Authors: MARSDEN EMMA , KASPROWICZ ROWENA 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article reports on 2 connected studies that provide data about the flow of research to foreign language (FL) educators in majority Anglophone contexts. The first study investigated exposure to research among FL educators in the United Kingdom using 2 surveys (n = 391; n = 183). The data showed (a) some limited exposure to research via professional association publications and events, (b) negligible direct exposure to publications in the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), (c) barriers to exposure caused by poor physical and conceptual access, despite generally positive perceptions of research, and (d) the importance of university‐based teacher educators for research–practice interfaces. The second study investigated the potential for indirect exposure to research from 7 professional publications over 5 years in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We systematically reviewed the extent to which these professional publications referenced 29 SSCI journals that aim to publish pedagogy‐relevant research. In our corpus of 8,516 references in 284 articles in professional journals, the mean proportion of references to all 29 SSCI journals, combined, was 12.43% per professional article. The overall mean number of references to each SSCI journal was 0.17 per professional article. The emerging picture is rather bleak, and we propose action from academic journals and researchers to promote a more international, systematic, and sustainable flow of research.
Dynamic Carboniferous tropical forests: new views of plant function and potential for physiological forcing of climate
Authors: Wilson Jonathan P. , Montañez Isabel P. , White Joseph D. , DiMichele William A. , McElwain Jennifer C. , Poulsen Christopher J. , Hren Michael T. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe Carboniferous, the time of Earth's penultimate icehouse and widespread coal formation, was dominated by extinct lineages of early‐diverging vascular plants. Studies of nearest living relatives of key Carboniferous plants suggest that their physiologies and growth forms differed substantially from most types of modern vegetation, particularly forests. It remains a matter of debate precisely how differently and to what degree these long‐extinct plants influenced the environment. Integrating biophysical analysis of stomatal and vascular conductivity with geochemical analysis of fossilized tissues and process‐based ecosystem‐scale modeling yields a dynamic and unique perspective on these paleoforests. This integrated approach indicates that key Carboniferous plants were capable of growth and transpiration rates that approach values found in extant crown‐group angiosperms, differing greatly from comparatively modest rates found in their closest living relatives. Ecosystem modeling suggests that divergent stomatal conductance, leaf sizes and stem life span between dominant clades would have shifted the balance of soil–atmosphere water fluxes, and thus surface runoff flux, during repeated, climate‐driven, vegetation turnovers. This synthesis highlights the importance of ‘whole plant’ physiological reconstruction of extinct plants and the potential of vascular plants to have influenced the Earth system hundreds of millions of years ago through vegetation–climate feedbacks.

Contents

Summary
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I.
Introduction
1334

II.
Plants of the Pennsylvanian Tropical Realm
1335

III.
Conceptual insights into paleoecophysiology
1339

IV.
High‐productivity Carboniferous plants
1344

V.
Lessons learned
1347

VI.
The big picture: an active role for early forests In Late Paleozoic climate
1347

Acknowledgements
1348

Author contributions
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References
1348
Nutrition status of children in Latin America
Authors: Corvalán C. , Garmendia M. L. , Jones‐Smith J. , Lutter C. K. , Miranda J. J. , Pedraza L. S. , Popkin B. M. , Ramirez‐Zea M. , Salvo D. , Stein A. D. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe prevalence of overweight and obesity is rapidly increasing among Latin American children, posing challenges for current healthcare systems and increasing the risk for a wide range of diseases. To understand the factors contributing to childhood obesity in Latin America, this paper reviews the current nutrition status and physical activity situation, the disparities between and within countries and the potential challenges for ensuring adequate nutrition and physical activity. Across the region, children face a dual burden of undernutrition and excess weight. While efforts to address undernutrition have made marked improvements, childhood obesity is on the rise as a result of diets that favour energy‐dense, nutrient‐poor foods and the adoption of a sedentary lifestyle. Over the last decade, changes in socioeconomic conditions, urbanization, retail foods and public transportation have all contributed to childhood obesity in the region. Additional research and research capacity are needed to address this growing epidemic, particularly with respect to designing, implementing and evaluating the impact of evidence‐based obesity prevention interventions.