bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capturing depression with your smartphone: Validity and utilization of iHOPE for depressed patients in Taiwan
Authors: Chin-Lun Hung G. , Li M.S. , Chen Y.L. , Chiang J.H. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionClinical assessment for depression, to date, has relied heavily on patients’ retrospective report, which is liable to recall bias.ObjectivesA number of mobile applications for ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of depressive disorder have been piloted, however, evidence regarding their validity and acceptance is limited.AimsIn this study, we examined the association between Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and EMA of depressive symptoms via a smartphone application and demonstrated the level and determinants of utilization.MethodsOur mobile phone application, iHOPE, would perform EMA of depression, anxiety, sleep and cognitive ability. Outpatients with depressive disorder were invited to use iHOPE for 8 weeks. Smartphone usage patterns and clinical characteristics were assessed.ResultsWe enrolled 59 outpatients with depression (38 [64.4%] women; mean [SD] age = 37.3 [13.9] years). In 8 weeks, participants interacted with iHOPE for an average of 10.8 (SD = 12.3) days; a trend of decreased frequency of use (P = 0.03) was observed. Scores of HAM-D at baseline was associated with, of the first 14 days, scores of PHQ-9 (P = 0.005), visual analogue scale of depression (P = 0.003) and anxiety.ConclusionsEMA via mobile technology appears to be valid and feasible for Asian patients with depression. Mobile health has a potential for the assessment of depressive disorder in areas with limited awareness and resource for mental health conditions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The impact of anxiety and depression on academic performance in undergraduate medical students
Authors: Mihăilescu A.I. , Diaconescu L.V. , Ciobanu A.M. , Donisan T. , Mihailescu C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionStress associated with medical education, correlated with symptoms of depression and anxiety, has been involved in generating academic performance problems and thus, long-term consequences, such as poor quality of medical care. If anxiety and depression are proved to influence quality of academic achievement, their prevention could lead to better outcomes also in the quality of medical care.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to analyze if anxiety and depression decrease academic performance in first and second year medical students.MethodsAs a measure of anxiety and depression symptoms we used Zung Self-rating Anxiety score > 36, respectively Zung Self-rating Depression Scale score > 40, in the periods before the examination session, in the first semester (in no-stress conditions). As a measure of academic performance, we have obtained the average grade at the end of the academic year from 254 of the total population of 356 first and second year medical students. Statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS version 16 (Spearman correlations and logistic regression).ResultsAcademic performance decreases inversely in rapport of anxiety (rho = –0.144, P < 0.05) and depression (rho = –0.192, P < 0.05) scores in the period before the examination session. Also, depression in this period predicts low levels of academic performance with average grade in the inferior quarter (grades lower than 7.52) particularly in first year students, irrespective of gender (χ2 = 8.922, P < 0.01, OR = 0.928; IC 95% = 0.864–0.997).ConclusionThese findings suggest the necessity of coming up with prophylactic methods to prevent anxiety and depression especially in first year medical students, as these prove to be factors that impend academic performance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Grief cognitions and cognitive-emotional regulation associated with romantic breakup distress among college students
Authors: Mirsu-Paun A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIndividuals manage differently the experience of a romantic breakup [RB]. These differences may in part be related to the use of different cognitive-emotional regulation strategies [CERS]. Also, global negative beliefs and catastrophic misinterpretations regarding the RB may contribute to the emotional distress (Boelen and Reijntjes, 2009).ObjectivesTo explore the associations between CERS, grief cognitions related to RBs, and depression and suicidal ideation/behaviors in a sample of college students.AimsTo conduct regression analyses to predict depression, anxiety, hostility, and suicide behaviors from CERS and grief cognitions (as independent variables).MethodsCross-sectional, self-report data was collected from 359 college students who experienced a RB. The assessments used were: Cognitive-Emotional Regulation Questionnaire- Short Form (Garnefski et al., 2002); the Grief Cognitions Questionnaire adjusted to grief after RBs (Boelen et al., 2003); the subscales of Depression, Anxiety, and Hostility of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms-62; and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, Osman et al., 2001).ResultsPast suicide thoughts or attempts were predicted by Other-Blame; self-reported likelihood of future suicide attempt was predicted by Self-Blame, Other-Blame, and Positive Reappraisal, Grief Cognitions-Future, and Grief Cognitions-Appropriateness. Depression was predicted by all cognitive-emotional regulation subscales except Acceptance and Perspective, and by RB grief cognitions (self, future, self-blame, others, and perceived appropriateness of own grief reaction).ConclusionsClinical assessment to evaluate at-risk young adults after RBs could incorporate evaluations of cognitions regarding the RB and self-blaming, appropriateness of one's own grief reaction, and thoughts about the future.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
SOMA Score, cardiovascular risk screening tool for psychiatric patients
Authors: Páv M. , Hollý M. , Cendelínová M. , Gojda J. , Polák J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionLife expectancy of patients with severe mental illness (SMI) is two decades shorter than that of general population. The most important cause of death are cardiovascular diseases (CVD).ObjectivesThere is a need for CVD risk screening tools development and validation in the context of the Czech Republic.AimsMethodological approach to a CVD risk screening, risk stratification and specific life-style interventions development is presented. In a context of the psychiatric hospital with c. 7000 admissions per year.MethodsThere are no concise data on CVD risk of psychiatric patients in the Czech Republic so cross-sectional analysis of one day hospitalized patients was performed.ResultsA sample of 1056 pts. was obtained. Database allowed extraction data on CVD risk factors (RF): diagnosis, age, sex, BMI and blood pressure (BP). The most common diagnosis were F20 and F10. Multicriterial analysis according to diagnosis (frequency of highest BMI and BP) showed the worst results in the F20 followed by F10 group. Would we define the CVD RF as BMI ≥ 30, age ≥ 65, sBP ≥ 140, dBP ≥ 90, then no RF is present in 368, one in 238, two in 191, three in 92 and four RF in 33 pts. Two step screening protocol was developed – SOMA score. Variables and cut-offs for positivity were set based on the results.ConclusionMethodological process of SOMA score screening is presented as well as consecutive health care interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.AcknowledgementThe study was realized in a framework of SOMA project, Program CZ11 Initiatives in public health care, Norway grants, NF-CZ11-OV-2-030-2015.
Impact of psychotic symptoms in functionality and quality of life of major depression patients in maintenance/continuation eletroconvulsive therapy (M/C ECT)
Authors: Tarelho A. , De Arriba Arnau A. , Robles Martínez M. , Sarachaga Urretavizcaya M. , Soria Tomás V. , Menchón Magriñá J.M. , Salvat Pujol N. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPsychotic depression has a higher rate of disability and relapse than non psychotic depression, however the optimal maintenance treatment after an acute response to either the antidepressant/antipsychotic combination or an ECT course is unclear (Rothschild, 2013). Although ECT is an effective therapy in affective disorders and M/C ECT is used to achieve and maintain patient's stability (Brown, 2014), very little is known about its implications in functionality or quality of life.ObjectivesTo study the relation between psychotic symptoms and functionality and quality of life in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) undergoing M/C ECT.MethodologyTransversal descriptive study of a sample of 17 MDD patients in M/C ECT. Administration of SF-36 (quality of life related to health), FAQ (functionality), Family APGAR, MMSE, GAF, HDRS. Informed consent. Statistical analysis with SPSS18.ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 72.47 years, 58.8% presented with psychotic symptoms and 41.2% with melancholic symptoms. We only found a statistically significant negative correlation between the Family APGAR and the presence of psychotic symptoms (U = –2.291, P = 0.025), without other differences in terms of functionality or quality of life.ConclusionsThis study supports that there is no implication in the presence of psychotic symptoms regarding functionality or quality of life among the patients undergoing M/C ECT. We emphasize the need for randomized control trials to disentangle the effects of multiple variables on the functionality and quality of life of patients in M/C ECT.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychopathology, temperament and suicide risk in adolescence: The role of early traumatic experience
Authors: Venturini P. , Fagioli F. , Sapienza L. , Boldrini T. , Bonaccorsi E. , Erbuto D. , Montebovi F. , Girardi P. , Pompili M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPrevious researches showed that adolescents are at high risk of suicide. Suicide is a trans-nosographic phenomenon regardless of psychiatric diagnosis. Trauma is an important risk factor for suicide and young help-seeking patients usually refer traumatic experiences, especially during childhood.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to assess the relationship between traumatic experience and suicide risk comparing adolescents with suicide risk with adolescents without suicide risk.AimsTo investigate correlations between trauma, psychopathology and suicide risk in a sample of young help-seeking outpatients.MethodsWe recruited 99 outpatients aged between 14 and 21 years admitted to department for prevention and early intervention in adolescence of Rome. We administered psychometric instruments exploring suicide risk (SHSS, BHS), prodromal (SIPS/SOPS), affective and anxious symptoms (HAM-A, HAM-D,MRS), child abuse (CTQ) and experiences of depersonalization (CDS).ResultsSample is composed of 31 men and 68 women. A total of 34.3% had mood disorder. A total of 28.3% reported history of emotional neglect, 20.2% emotional abuse, 9.15 sexual abuse, 5.1% physical neglect, 9,1% sexual abuse, 4% physical abuse. More than 30% of patients were at increased suicide risk. Depressive, irritable, anxious and cyclothymic temperament was associated with suicide risk. Patients with suicide risk had higher score at HAM-D (t63 = 2.65; P = 0.01), CDS (t63 = 2.77; P = 0.007), in CTQ (t63 = 3.20; P = 0.002) and BHS (t63 = 3.23; P = 0.002).ConclusionsAdolescents with suicide risk, compared with those without, reported more frequently early traumatic experiences and psychiatric symptoms. Early traumatic experiences constitute a risk factor for both suicide risk and psychiatric symptoms during adolescence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Why mental health in young women is more at risk in the 21st century
Authors: Herrman H. 
Published: May 2016

The mental health of women and girls is endangered when they experience violence and gender-based discrimination, including poor access to education and lack of autonomy in the family and broader community. The conditions of conflict and poverty that foster violence against women, including systematic sexual violence, are growing across some world regions including parts of Africa and Asia, even while women are becoming more empowered in others. The prevalence of abuse of women at home appears to be high across the regions, and the widespread nature of other forms of violence such as genital mutilation and trafficking is increasingly recognised.The psychological consequences of violence increase the risk of mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety, including the risk of these conditions in the perinatal period. The services provided for women with mental ill health in primary health care, maternal and child health services, community mental health services or hospital settings do not in many places respond adequately to their needs. The inadequacies in response can reproduce or amplify the difficulties and injustices that women face in their lives, especially maltreatment as girls and intimate partner violence as adults.The World Psychiatric Association aims to increase awareness of the need for improved mental health of women and girls worldwide, especially in settings of disadvantage, conflict and adversity. It is also aiming to work in partnership with other health and non-health organisations to develop a platform for action to respond to the need – for health promotion, risk reduction and access to prevention and treatment services.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Early psychosis in young women
Authors: Riecher-Rössler A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIt is well known that young women are at lower risk for schizophrenic psychoses than young men. However, little is known about the peculiarities of emerging psychosis in young women.ObjectivesTo describe characteristics of emerging psychosis in women.MethodsWithin the FePsy (Früherkennung von Psychosen = early detection of psychosis) study at the University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics we have examined consecutively all patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) or an at-risk mental state (ARMS) referred to us between 2000 and 2015.ResultsWomen did not significantly differ from men regarding psychopathology, neither in the ARMS nor in the FEP group. This was true for positive as well as negative symptoms and basic symptoms. Interestingly, women had a higher correlation of self-rating with observer-rating regarding psychotic symptoms. Duration of untreated psychosis was significantly lower in women than in men. Women seek help more quickly than men and their first contact is more often their partner.Regarding neurocognition women showed a slightly better performance in verbal tasks. They also had higher prolactin levels and larger pituitary volumes, even when drug-naive.Transition to psychosis occurred as often and as quickly in women as in men.ConclusionsThere are only few gender differences in patients with emerging psychosis, which resemble mainly those found in the general population, with women showing a better help-seeking behavior, being more partner-oriented, having a better verbal performance and potentially also a higher stress reactivity [1].Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Relevance of brain plasticity to neuroprogression and staging of bipolar disorders – opposing effects of illness burden and lithium treatment
Authors: Hajek T. , Kopecek M. , Alda M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionBrain changes in bipolar disorders (BD) may represent inherited risk factors or consequences of the illness (brain plasticity). Neuroanatomical changes, which predispose for BD could aid in early diagnosis, whereas the neuronal sequellae of BD could yield biological outcome measures for prevention and treatment.MethodsTo separate neuroanatomical changes into those that increase the risk of BD versus those that result from it, we acquired MRI/clinical data from participants at different stages of BD, including: (1) affected and unaffected offspring of bipolar parents (n = 86); (2) participants with substantial illness burden who had had at least 2 years of current Li treatment (n = 37) or were Li naive (n = 19). We also recruited 99 healthy controls matched to the above-mentioned cohorts by age and sex.ResultsRelative to controls, both the affected and unaffected offpring of bipolar probands showed increased right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) volume, but comparable hippocampal volumes and prefrontal N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) levels. Larger rIFG volume was associated with an increased risk of conversion to psychiatric disorders within 4 years following the MRI scanning (hazard ratio = 4.5). In contrast, Li naive patients with substantial illness burden had smaller rIFG, hippocampal volumes and prefrontal NAA levels than controls, who were comparable in these indices to the the Li treated subjects with substantial illness burden.ConclusionsBrain structural changes in BD may not be static, but may instead result from an interplay between illness burden and compensatory processes. This illness related brain plasticity may be modulated by lithium treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Implementing the mental health action plan – experiences and challenges
Authors: Muijen M. 
Published: May 2016

The WHO European mental health action plan was adopted by all countries in the European region in Izmir in September 2013. Its 6 objectives cover promotion and prevention, human rights, services and partnerships. Since its adoption, the WHO mental health programme is working in some 25 countries, supporting policy development and implementation. Priorities are the introduction of health promotion programmes for vulnerable groups; the competence of primary care to identify, diagnose and treat people with mental disorders; and the implementation of community-based service models sensitive to the culture and resources of countries.Particularly successful have been countries where a consensus was established between policymakers and professional leaders, and where different levels of government worked together. Obstacles experiences have been funding cuts and lack of incentives. Some examples will be presented.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Nutrition, sleep, physical exercise: Impact on mental health
Authors: Rössler W. 
Published: May 2016

Until recently nutrition and various other lifestyle factors were predominantly in the focus of medical disciplines like cardiology, endocrinology or gastroenterology. As mental disorders are multifactorial diseases and as such are complex, emerging evidence suggests that nutrition, exercise and sleep also play an important role in the aetiology, progression and treatment of mental disorders. In this regard research has mostly focused on depression and anxiety, but there is also evidence for other mental disorders like schizophrenia or autism. Some details concerning the relationship between diet and sleep on neuro-transmitter processes, immune-inflammatory pathways or oxidative stress will be demonstrated.Modifications of life style factors and diet are increasingly recognized as potential therapeutic options. Mostly used are nutrient-based supplements and essential elements in combination. But also healthy diet patterns with a high intake of vegetable, fruits and fish have proven beneficial in the treatment. If we better understand the microbiota-gut-brain axis and its impact on behavior, mood and cognitive processes, diet and lifestyle factors can not only contribute to the treatment but also to the prevention of mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
The political and social mission of psychiatry
Authors: Priebe S. 
Published: May 2016

Psychiatry is based on values and scientific evidence. The presentation will argue that both bases come with a social and political mission.The values require a commitment to help those in need of support, which cannot be fully achieved without social and political action. The scientific evidence points to the central role of societal factors, such as inequality and poverty, for the development of mental disorders. Influencing these factors requires political decisions.It will be concluded that taking up the social and political mission is a moral imperative for both psychiatrists as a professional group and individual psychiatrists, and may make the profession more relevant in society, more attractive to medical students, and more effective in helping patients with mental distress.The discussion will address the challenges and practical options for such a mission.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Autism and substance use comorbidity: Screening, identification and treatment
Authors: van Wijngaarden-Cremers P.J.M. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are well-known for high prevalences of comorbid conditions especially anxiety, obsessions, depression, challenging behaviours.In this presentation, we will consider the evidence for comorbidity between ASD and addiction [substance use disorders (SUD)] and explore the possible underlying explanations.MethodsA literature study on similarities between addiction and ASD (at a phenotypical and neurobiological level) as well as a case note review on a year cohort of 120 consecutive admissions in an adult addiction psychiatry unit and 120 admissions in an adult ASD unit.ResultsIn our addiction psychiatry cohort, 8 (men) on 118 patients were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. This is much higher than in the general population (1%). In the ASD cohort, the results are measured at the moment and the results will be presented in the presentation.Autism spectrum disorders and addiction can both be perceived as developmental disorders in which a genetic predisposition and vulnerability interact with environmental factors. They can be induced by early stress thus affecting the proper functioning of the cortico-striatal dopaminergic regulation systems (and also the HPA axis). In “pure” ADHD this is attributed to a deregulation in the cognitive loops and the “impulsivity” endophenotype. Whereas in cases of ASD without an ADHD component the limbic and sensimotore cortico-striatal regulations loops are also involved.ConclusionsThere are clear indications that a possible comorbidity of substance abuse disorder should be considered in cases of individuals with autism spectrum disorders. This finding is important for clinicians to take into account in assessing patients with addiction problems and ASD.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.