bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A GLUE‐based uncertainty assessment framework for tritium‐inferred transit time estimations under baseflow conditions
Authors: Gallart Francesc , Roig‐Planasdemunt Maria , Stewart Michael K. , Llorens Pilar , Morgenstern Uwe , Stichler Willibald , Pfister Laurent , Latron Jérôme 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe last decade has seen major technical and scientific improvements in the study of water transfer time through catchments. Nevertheless, it has been argued that most of these developments used conservative tracers that may disregard the oldest component of water transfer, which often has transit times greater than 5 years. Indeed, although the analytical reproducibility of tracers limits the detection of the older flow components associated with the most dampened seasonal fluctuations, this is very rarely taken into account in modelling applications. Tritium is the only environmental tracer at hand to investigate transfer times in the 5‐ to 50‐year range in surface waters, as dissolved gases are not suitable due to the degassing process. Water dating with tritium has often been difficult because of the complex history of its atmospheric concentration, but its current stabilization together with recent analytical improvements open promising perspectives. In this context, the innovative contribution of this study lies in the development of a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation‐based approach for analysing the uncertainties associated with the modelling of transit time due to both parameter identification and tracer analytical precision issues. A coupled resampling procedure allows assessment of the statistical significance of the transfer time differences found in diverse waters. This approach was developed for tritium and the exponential‐piston model but can be implemented for virtually any tracer and model. Stream baseflow, spring and shallow aquifer waters from the Vallcebre research catchments, analysed for tritium in different years with different analytical precisions, were investigated by using this approach and taking into account other sources of uncertainty. The results showed three groups of waters of different mean transit times, with all the stream baseflow and spring waters older than the 5‐year threshold needing tritium. Low sensitivity of the results to the model structure was also demonstrated. Dual solutions were found for the waters sampled in 2013, but these results may be disambiguated when additional analyses will be made in a few years. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain image segmentation using a combination of expectation‐maximization algorithm and watershed transform
Authors: Kwon Goo‐Rak , Basukala Dibash , Lee Sang‐Woong , Lee Kun Ho , Kang Moonsoo 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTWatershed transformation is an effective segmentation algorithm that originates from the mathematical morphology field. This algorithm is widely used in medical image segmentation because it produces complete division even under poor contrast. However, over‐segmentation is its most significant limitation. Therefore, this article proposes a combination of watershed transformation and the expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm to segment MR brain images efficiently. The EM algorithm is used to form clusters. Then, the brightest cluster is considered and converted into a binary image. A Sobel operator applied on the binary image generates the initial gradient image. Morphological reconstruction is applied to find the foreground and background markers. The final gradient image is obtained using the minima imposition technique on the initial gradient magnitude along with markers. In addition, watershed segmentation applied on the final gradient magnitude generates effective gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid segmentation. The results are compared with simple marker controlled watershed segmentation, watershed segmentation combined with Otsu multilevel thresholding, and local binary fitting energy model for validation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 26, 225–232, 2016
Quantitative phase imaging for medical diagnosis
Authors: Majeed Hassaan , Sridharan Shamira , Mir Mustafa , Ma Lihong , Min Eunjung , Jung Woonggyu , Popescu Gabriel 
Published: August 2016

Optical microscopy is an indispensable diagnostic tool in modern healthcare. As a prime example, pathologists rely exclusively on light microscopy to investigate tissue morphology in order to make a diagnosis. While advances in light microscopy and contrast markers allow pathologists to visualize cells and tissues in unprecedented detail, the interpretation of these images remains largely subjective, leading to inter‐ and intra‐observer discrepancy. Furthermore, conventional microscopy images capture qualitative information which makes it difficult to automate the process, reducing the throughput achievable in the diagnostic workflow. Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) techniques have been advanced in recent years to address these two challenges. By quantifying physical parameters of cells and tissues, these systems remove subjectivity from the disease diagnosis process and allow for easier automation to increase throughput. In addition to providing quantitative information, QPI systems are also label‐free and can be easily assimilated into the current diagnostic workflow in the clinic. In this paper we review the advances made in disease diagnosis by QPI techniques. We focus on the areas of hematological diagnosis and cancer pathology, which are the areas where most significant advances have been made to date.
[Image adapted from Y. Park, M. Diez‐Silva, G. Popescu, G. Lykotrafitis, W. Choi, M. S. Feld, and S. Suresh, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 13730–13735 (2008).]magnified image[Image adapted from Y. Park, M. Diez‐Silva, G. Popescu, G. Lykotrafitis, W. Choi, M. S. Feld, and S. Suresh, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 13730–13735 (2008).]
Formulation of two‐layer dissolving polymeric microneedle patches for insulin transdermal delivery in diabetic mice
Authors: Lee I‐Chi , Lin Wei‐Ming , Shu Jwu‐Ching , Tsai Shau‐Wei , Chen Chih‐Hao , Tsai Meng‐Tsan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDissolving microneedles (MNs) display high efficiency in delivering poorly permeable drugs and vaccines. Here, two‐layer dissolving polymeric MN patches composed of gelatin and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were fabricated with a two‐step casting and centrifuging process to localize the insulin in the needle and achieve efficient transdermal delivery of insulin. In vitro skin insertion capability was determined by staining with tissue‐marking dye after insertion, and the real‐time penetration depth was monitored using optical coherence tomography. Confocal microscopy images revealed that the rhodamine 6G and fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled insulin (insulin‐FITC) can gradually diffuse from the puncture sites to deeper tissue. Ex vivo drug‐release profiles showed that 50% of the insulin was released and penetrated across the skin after 1 h, and the cumulative permeation reached 80% after 5 h. In vivo and pharmacodynamic studies were then conducted to estimate the feasibility of the administration of insulin‐loaded dissolving MN patches on diabetic mice for glucose regulation. The total area above the glucose level versus time curve as an index of hypoglycemic effect was 128.4 ± 28.3 (% h) at 0.25 IU/kg. The relative pharmacologic availability and relative bioavailability (RBA) of insulin from MN patches were 95.6 and 85.7%, respectively. This study verified that the use of gelatin/CMC MN patches for insulin delivery achieved a satisfactory RBA compared to traditional hypodermic injection and presented a promising device to deliver poorly permeable protein drugs for diabetic therapy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 84–93, 2017.
Screening for maternal postpartum depression during infant hospitalizations
Authors: Trost Margaret J. , Molas‐Torreblanca Kira , Man Carol , Casillas Ernesto , Sapir Hoda , Schrager Sheree M. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDPostpartum depression is common and adversely affects children of afflicted mothers; postpartum depression recognition and treatment may improve outcomes. Hospitalization represents a potential health encounter for expanding screening and intervention.OBJECTIVEWe aimed to assess for postpartum depression at infant hospitalization and examine postpartum depression risk factors in this population.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSWe conducted a prospective observational study of 310 English‐ or Spanish‐speaking women with an infant aged 2 weeks to 1 year admitted to a pediatric hospitalist service at a large urban freestanding children's hospital.MEASUREMENTSMothers completed demographic questionnaires, a maternal–infant bonding scale, and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Mothers with an EPDS score of 10 or higher (positive screen) received counseling and mental health referrals. Postenrollment calls followed trends in EPDS score and resource utilization. Multivariate logistic regression assessed relationships among risk factors and positive screens.RESULTSEighty‐seven mothers (28%) were EPDS+. Only 14.6% reported appropriate prior depression screening. Maternal factors associated with EPDS+ were poor social support (4.40, interquartile range [IQR] = 2.27–8.53) and history of psychiatric diagnoses (5.02, IQR = 2.49–10.15). Having an infant with neurodevelopmental comorbidities was associated with EPDS+ screens (2.78, IQR = 1.03–7.52). Of 21 initially EPDS+ mothers reached by phone, 8 (38%) utilized their doctor or referral resource, resulting in lower EPDS scores (F(1,19) = 5.743, P < 0.05) compared to those not seeking help.CONCLUSIONPostpartum depression screening during infant hospitalizations captures women previously unscreened. Low social support, past psychiatric diagnoses, or having infants with neurodevelopmental problems may increase postpartum depression risk. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;11:840–846. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
The Effect of Wording and Placement of Task Instructions on Problem‐Solving Creativity
Authors: Di Mascio Rita , Kalyuga Slava , Sweller John 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPrior research has used many variants of “be creative” or brainstorm instructions to enhance creativity in a variety of tasks. However, differences in instruction wording may lead to differences in instruction interpretation, and varying the placement of instructions before or after a written problem description may lead to differences in problem interpretation. This study investigated the effect of varying the wording and placement of creativity instructions on idea novelty, workability, and effectiveness. A randomized field experiment in two classrooms found that: (a) brainstorming and “be creative” instructions impact some dimensions of idea creativity, relative to standard instructions; (b) combining the two instructions increased the number of ideas only slightly compared with the “be creative” instruction; (c) the effect of the combined instruction varied across classrooms; and (d) the placement of instructions before or after a written problem description influenced novelty slightly. These results suggest that participant‐constructed meaning of instruction may differ from the researcher‐ascribed meaning and that enhancing the salience of the creativity requirement in instructions does not enhance novelty. The results also lead to propositions that creativity instructions induce a promotion focus during problem‐solving and that creativity climate may moderate the impact of instructions.
Robotic assisted placement of hepatic artery infusion pump is a safe and feasible approach
Authors: Dhir Mashaal , Zenati Mazen S. , Padussis James C. , Jones Heather L. , Perkins Samantha , Clifford Amber K. , Steve Jennifer , Hogg Melissa E. , Choudry Haroon A. , Holtzman Matthew P. , Zeh Herbert J. , Pingpank James F. , Bartlett David L. , Zureikat Amer H. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundHepatic artery infusion (HAI) chemotherapy can be combined with systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of isolated unresectable colorectal liver metastases (IU‐CRLM) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (U‐ICC). However, HAI pump placement requires a major laparotomy that may be associated with morbidity. We hypothesized that the computer‐assisted robotic platform would be well suited for this procedure and report the first single institutional case series of robotic assisted HAI pump placement for primary and secondary malignancies of the liver.MethodsA retrospective review of patients who underwent robotic assisted HAI pump placement from January 2008 to January 2016. Peri‐operative outcomes were evaluated.ResultsA total of 24 consecutive patients underwent robotic assisted HAI pump placement. Median age was 61 years and 50% were females. Main indications were colorectal cancer = 17 (71%) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma = 4 (17%). The majority (87.5%) of patients had bilobar disease with a median of 6 liver lesions. Concurrent procedures including ablation +/− resection and colectomies were performed in 58% of the patients. Median operative time was 282 min, with median blood loss of 100 ml and length of stay 6 days. Conversion to open was required in one (4%) case. Grade 3 or higher complications were seen in 13% of cases and pump related complications were seen in 21% of patients. All except one HAI pumps could be used for pump chemotherapy. CUSUM analysis of operative time indicated a learning curve of eight cases.ConclusionRobotic assisted placement of HAI pump placement is safe, feasible, and obviates the need for major laparotomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:342–347. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
24/7 Live Stream Telemedicine Home Treatment Service for Parkinson's Disease Patients
Authors: Durner Gregor , Durner Joachim , Dunsche Henrike , Walle Etzel , Kurzreuther Robert , Handschu René 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of advanced‐stage idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a demanding challenge, and in Germany, medication regimen adjustments are often made during inpatient stays. Admissions often follow an acute worsening of symptoms and functioning. In order to reduce long and expensive inpatient stays, and to provide more frequent consultations, a 24/7 live stream telemedicine home treatment service was established.MethodsA pilot study was conducted in which laptops were distributed to 50 patients for 1 year to see whether such a service was feasible (in terms of patient participation and compliance) and whether this intervention affected the patient's condition, measured in UPDRS, Mini–Mental Status Examination (MMSE), 39‐item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ39), and H & Y Scale.ResultsSeventy‐two percent (36) of the patients were compliant and did not experience technical issues. Patients lived, on average, 198 ± 183 km away from the specialist clinic. In total, 264 video conversations took place with 6.9 ± 7.2 (0–29) calls per patient. We found a significant improvement in PDQ39 scores, but not in UPDRS, MMSE, or H & Y scores, at 1 year.ConclusionsOur data shows that 24/7 live stream telemedicine is feasible and can help to improve quality of life. However, a detailed preliminary review of the patient's willingness to use such a service should be made to obtain the best results. Improvement of the technical setup and network coverage would facilitate an improved service and increase efficiency.
Partitioning the variance in calorie restriction‐induced weight and fat loss in outbred mice
Authors: Vaanholt Lobke M. , Lane Jeffrey E. , Garner Bethany , Speakman John R. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveAn increased understanding of the factors influencing interindividual variation in calorie restriction (CR)‐induced weight loss is necessary to combat the current obesity epidemic. This study investigated the partitioning of the phenotypic variation in CR‐induced wight loss.MethodsTwo generations of male and female outbred MF1 mice raised by their biological mother or a foster mother were studied. Mice were exposed to 4 weeks of 30% CR when 6 months old.ResultsHeritability was estimated at 0.43 ± 0.12 for CR‐induced changes in body mass and 0.24 ± 0.10 for fat mass using mid‐parent–offspring regressions. No significant relationships between weight loss in fathers or foster mothers and offspring were observed. Partitioning of phenotypic variance in weight loss using maximum likelihood modeling indicated 19 ± 17% of the variation could be attributed to additive genetic effects, 8 ± 14% to maternal effects during pregnancy, and <1% to maternal effects during lactation. A narrow‐sense heritability around 0.50 was observed for ad libitum food intake and general activity.ConclusionsA large part of individual variation in CR‐induced weight loss could be attributed to additive genetic and maternal effects during pregnancy, but not to maternal effects in lactation. Genetic differences in food intake and general activity may play a role in determining these effects.
Synthesis of Functional Fluorescent BODIPY‐based Dyes through Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Straightforward Approach towards Customized Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Mirri Giorgio , Schoenmakers Daniël C. , Kouwer Paul H. J. , Veranič Peter , Muševič Igor , Štefane Bogdan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFluorescent materials are widely used in biological and material applications as probes for imaging or sensing; however, their customization is usually complicated without the support of an organic chemistry laboratory. Here, we present a straightforward method for the customization of BODIPY cores, which are among the most commonly used fluorescent probes. The method is based on the formation of a new C−C bond through Friedel–Crafts electrophilic aromatic substitution carried out at room temperature. The method presented can be used to obtain completely customized fluorescent materials in one or two steps from commercially available compounds. Examples of the preparation of fluorescent materials for cell staining and functionalization of silica colloids are also presented.
Exosomal miR‐24‐3p impedes T‐cell function by targeting FGF11 and serves as a potential prognostic biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Ye Shu‐Biao , Zhang Han , Cai Ting‐Ting , Liu Yi‐Na , Ni Jian‐Jiao , He Jia , Peng Jing‐Yun , Chen Qiu‐Yan , Mo Hao‐Yuan , Jun‐Cui  , Zhang Xiao‐Shi , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Li Jiang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecent studies have shown that extracellular microRNAs are not only potential biomarkers but are also involved in cell interactions to regulate the intercommunication between cancer cells and their microenvironments in various types of malignancies. In this study, we isolated exosomes from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines and patient sera (T‐EXOs), or control NP69 cells and healthy donor sera (HD‐EXOs). We found that miR‐24‐3p was markedly enriched in T‐EXOs as compared with HD‐EXOs; the serum exosomal miR‐24‐3p level was correlated with worse disease‐free survival of patients (p < 0.05). Knockdown of exosomal miR‐24‐3p (miR‐24‐3p‐sponge‐T‐EXOs) by a sponge RNA targeting miR‐24‐3p restored the T‐EXO‐mediated (control‐sponge‐T‐EXO) inhibition of T‐cell proliferation and Th1 and Th17 differentiation, and the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Mechanistic analyses revealed that administration of exosomal miR‐24‐3p increased P‐ERK, P‐STAT1 and P‐STAT3 expression while decreasing P‐STAT5 expression during T‐cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, by in vivo and in vitro assessments, we found FGF11 to be a direct target of miR‐24‐3p. However, both miR‐24‐3p‐sponge‐T‐EXOs and T‐EXOs (control‐sponge‐T‐EXOs) impeded proliferation and Th1 and Th17 differentiation, but induced Treg differentiation, of lenti‐shFGF11‐transfected T cells. The levels of phosphorylated ERK and STAT proteins were different in lenti‐ScshRNA‐transfected T cells and lenti‐shFGF11‐transfected T cells following administration of miR‐24‐3p‐sponge‐T‐EXO. Interestingly, tumour FGF11 expression was positively correlated with the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vivo, and predicted favourable patient DFS (p < 0.05). Additionally, hypoxia increased cellular and exosomal miR‐24‐3p levels and enhanced the inhibitory effect of T‐EXO on T‐cell proliferation and differentiation. Collectively, our findings suggest that exosomal miR‐24‐3p is involved in tumour pathogenesis by mediating T‐cell suppression via repression of FGF11, and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in NPC. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of oviductal versus ovarian epithelial cell of origin on ovarian endometrioid carcinoma phenotype in the mouse
Authors: Wu Rong , Zhai Yali , Kuick Rork , Karnezis Anthony N , Garcia Paloma , Naseem Anum , Hu Tom C , Fearon Eric R , Cho Kathleen R 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEndometrioid carcinoma (EC) is a relatively indolent ovarian carcinoma subtype that is nonetheless deadly if detected late. Existing genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of the disease, based on transformation of the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), take advantage of known ovarian EC driver gene lesions, but do not fully recapitulate the disease features seen in patients. An EC model in which the Apc and Pten tumour suppressor genes are conditionally deleted in murine OSE yields tumours that are biologically more aggressive and significantly less differentiated than human ECs. Importantly, OSE is not currently thought to be the tissue of origin of most ovarian cancers, including ECs, suggesting that tumour initiation in Müllerian epithelium may produce tumours that more closely resemble their human tumour counterparts. We have developed Ovgp1‐iCreERT2 mice in which the Ovgp1 promoter controls expression of tamoxifen (TAM)‐regulated Cre recombinase in oviductal epithelium – the murine equivalent of human Fallopian tube epithelium. Ovgp1‐iCreERT2;Apcfl/fl;Ptenfl/fl mice treated with TAM or injected with adenovirus expressing Cre into the ovarian bursa uniformly develop oviductal or ovarian ECs, respectively. On the basis of their morphology and global gene expression profiles, the oviduct‐derived tumours more closely resemble human ovarian ECs than do OSE‐derived tumours. Furthermore, mice with oviductal tumours survive much longer than their counterparts with ovarian tumours. The slow progression and late metastasis of oviductal tumours resembles the relatively indolent behaviour characteristic of so‐called Type I ovarian carcinomas in humans, for which EC is a prototype. Our studies demonstrate the utility of Ovgp1‐iCreERT2 mice for manipulating genes of interest specifically in the oviductal epithelium, and establish that the cell of origin is an important consideration in mouse ovarian cancer GEMMs. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.