bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations of the platelet proteome in type I Glanzmann thrombasthenia caused by different homozygous delG frameshift mutations in ITGA2B
Authors: Loroch Stefan , Trabold Katharina , Gambaryan Stepan , Reiß Cora , Schwierczek Kathrin , Fleming Ingrid , Sickmann Albert , Behnisch Wolfgang , Zieger Barbara , Zahedi René P. , Walter Ulrich , Jurk Kerstin 
Published: January 2017

SummaryGlanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is one of the best characterised inherited platelet function disorders but global platelet proteome has not been determined in these patients. We investigated the proteome and function of platelets from two patients with type I GT, caused by different homozygous ITGA2b mutations, from family members and unrelated controls. The global proteome of highly purified washed platelets was quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and targeted MS-methods. Platelet function was analysed by flow cytometry, light transmission aggregometry and flow-based as-says. Platelets from GT patients showed less than 5 % relative levels of the integrin subunit αIIb and 5–9 % fibrinogen compared to controls. These patients demonstrated loss of αIIbβ3-dependent platelet function, but normal platelet granule secretion induced by physiological agonists. Platelets from heterozygous family members of a patient expressed 50–60 % of control αIIb levels which were sufficient for normal αIIbβ3-dependent platelet function. Studying type I GT as model disease we established quantitative LC-MS to detect and clearly distinguish normal platelets, platelets from GT heterozygotes and platelets from GT patients. Diminished levels of factor XIIIB chain, plasminogen and carboxypeptidase 2B were identified in thrombasthenic platelets. Additionally, GT platelets showed up to 2.5-fold increased levels of FcγRIIA and laminin-α4 chain. Elevated levels of platelet FcγRIIA was associated with increased CD63-surface expression after FcγRIIA-crosslinking in one GT-patient which might present a compensatory mechanism of platelet activation in GT. We demonstrate that quantitative LC-MS based proteomics is suitable to validate known but also to identify previously unknown protein level changes of dysfunctional platelets.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Efficacy and safety of extended thromboprophylaxis for medically ill patients
Authors: Dentali Francesco , Mumoli Nicola , Prisco Domenico , Dario Di Minno Matteo Nicola , Fontanella Andrea 
Published: January 2017

SummaryCompelling evidence suggests that the risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) persists after hospital discharge in acutely-ill medical patients. However, no studies consistently supported the routine use of extended-duration thromboprophylaxis (ET) in this setting. We performed a meta-analysis to assess efficacy and safety of ET in acutely-ill medical patients. Efficacy outcome was defined by the prevention of symptomatic DVT, PE, venous thromboembolism (VTE) and VTE-related mortality. Safety outcome was the occurrence of major bleeding (MB) and fatal bleeding (FB). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 %CI) were calculated for each outcome using a random effects model. Four RCTs for a total of 28,105 acutely-ill medical patients were included. ET was associated with a significantly lower risk of DVT (0.3 % vs 0.6 %, OR 0.504, 95 %CI: 0.287–0.885) and VTE (0.5 % vs 1.0 %, OR: 0.544, 95 %CI: 0.297–0.997); a non-significantly lower risk of PE (0.3 % vs 0.4 %, OR 0.633, 95 %CI: 0.388–1.034) and of VTE-related mortality (0.2 % vs 0.3 %, OR 0.687, 95 %CI: 0.445–1.059) and with a significantly higher risk of MB (0.8 % vs 0.4 %, OR 2.095, 95 %CI: 1.333–3.295). No difference in FB was found (0.06 % vs 0.03 %, OR 1.79, 95 %CI: 0.384–8.325). The risk benefit analysis showed that the NNT for DVT was 339, for VTE was 239, and the NNH for MB was 247. Results of our meta-analyses focused on clinical important outcomes did not support a general use of antithrombotic prophylaxis beyond the period of hospitalization in acutely-ill medical patients.
Stroke and Mortality Risk in Patients With Various Patterns of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Link Mark S. , Giugliano Robert P. , Ruff Christian T. , Scirica Benjamin M. , Huikuri Heikke , Oto Ali , Crompton Andrea E. , Murphy Sabina A. , Lanz Hans , Mercuri Michele F. , Antman Elliott M. , Braunwald Eugene 
Published: January 2017

Background—
Whether the pattern of atrial fibrillation (AF) modifies the risk/benefit of anticoagulation is controversial. In ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial (Effective Anticoagulation with Factor Xa Next Generation in Atrial Fibrillation–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 48), the factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban was noninferior to warfarin in preventing stroke or systemic embolic events and significantly reduced bleeding and cardiovascular mortality. However, detailed analyses by AF pattern have not been reported.

Methods and Results—

The 21 105 patients were categorized as having paroxysmal (<7 days duration), persistent (≥7 days but <1 year), or permanent (≥1 year or failed cardioversion) AF patterns at randomization. Efficacy and safety outcomes were evaluated during the 2.8 years median follow-up and compared by AF pattern. The primary end point of stroke/systemic embolic event was lower in those patients with paroxysmal AF (1.49%/year), compared with persistent (1.83%/year;
P
-adj =0.015) and permanent AF (1.95%/year;
P
-adj =0.004). Overall, all-cause mortality also was lower with paroxysmal (3.0%/year) compared with persistent (4.4%/year;
P
-adj <0.001) and permanent AF (4.4%/year;
P
-adj <0.001). Annualized major bleeding rates were similar across AF patterns (2.86% versus 2.65% versus 2.73%). There was no effect modification by treatment assignment.

Conclusions—
In ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial, patients with paroxysmal AF suffered fewer thromboembolic events and deaths compared with those with persistent and permanent AF. The efficacy and safety profile of edoxaban as compared with warfarin was consistent across the 3 patterns of AF.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00781391.
Global Climatologies of Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow Features based on ERA-Interim
Authors: Sprenger Michael , Fragkoulidis Georgios , Binder Hanin , Croci-Maspoli Mischa , Graf Pascal , Grams Christian M. , Knippertz Peter , Madonna Erica , Schemm Sebastian , Škerlak Bojan , Wernli Heini 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This paper introduces a newly compiled set of feature-based climatologies identified from ERA-Interim (1979–2014). Two categories of flow features are considered: (i) Eulerian climatologies of jet streams, tropopause folds, surface fronts, cyclones and anticyclones, blocks, and potential vorticity streamers and cutoffs and (ii) Lagrangian climatologies, based on a large ensemble of air parcel trajectories, of stratosphere–troposphere exchange, warm conveyor belts, and tropical moisture exports. Monthly means of these feature climatologies are openly available at the ETH Zürich web page (http://eraiclim.ethz.ch) and are annually updated. Datasets at higher resolution can be obtained from the authors on request. These feature climatologies allow studying the frequency, variability, and trend of atmospheric phenomena and their interrelationships across temporal scales. To illustrate the potential of this dataset, boreal winter climatologies of selected features are presented and, as a first application, the very unusual Northern Hemispheric winter of 2009/10 is identified as the season when most of the considered features show maximum deviations from climatology. The second application considers dry winters in the western United States and reveals fairly localized anomalies in the eastern North Pacific of enhanced blocking and surface anticyclones and reduced cyclones.
Did Lady Macbeth Have a Mind Diseas'd'? (A Medico-Legal Enigma)
Authors: Prins Herschel 
Published: January 2017

The character of Lady Macbeth has often been presented as evil and demonic. In this contribution, an attempt is made to show her in a somewhat different light; in doing so, some implications for forensic-psychiatric practice are suggested. ‘Cann'st thou not minister to a mind diseas'd…?’ (Macbeth, to his wife's physician: V:i: 40)1
Massive Brain Tissue and Fat Pulmonary Embolism following Severe Head Injury
Authors: Torry J. M. 
Published: January 2017

The case described is that of a 60-year-old male who fell from a ladder and sustained a severe fracture of the skull. At post-mortem an established infarct of the right lower lung lobe was found, related to an unusually pale embolus in the lobar artery and its branches. Histological examination demonstrated the embolic material to be composed of brain tissue. Tissue embolism to the pulmonary tree is a frequent finding in traumatic deaths but the unusual nature of this case is worthy of note.
A Forensic Dental Identification System with Error Tolerant Algorithms and a Review of the Prevalence of Errors Occurring in Dental Records
Authors: Prinz J F 
Published: January 2017

After a major disaster, identification of the victims may have to be performed by comparison of the ante-mortem and post-mortem dental records. Ante-mortem records often contain errors and these must be identified, and compensated for in some way. A computer system for the comparison of large numbers of ante-mortem and post-mortem dental records has been developed, using algorithms which are able to compensate for errors in the records. Data has been collected on the prevalence of errors in dental charts. These were found in 45% of a sample of 50 records. Since matches found by the system may be due to coincidence, a score is computed for each record based on its “uniqueness”. This allows a confidence limit to be placed on any matches found between the ante-mortem and post-mortem records.
Unexpected Death of Psychiatric Patients: Suicide, Misadventure, Accident or Unsolved Mystery?
Authors: Salib Emad , Joseph Ann , Cawley Sheila 
Published: January 2017

We examined the association between the psychiatric history of patients who were the subjects of a coroner's inquest and the recorded verdict, in a seven-year retrospective review. A suicide verdict was less frequently returned on patients who had inpatient psychiatric treatment compared to other unexpected deaths. History and diagnosis of an alcohol-related condition, method of death and intimation of intent were the main factors that appeared to be associated with the coroner's verdict. Age, sex, duration of illness, time and number of admissions, previous suicide attempts and treatment received did not appear to be significantly associated with the recorded verdict.
Do Junior House Officers Routinely Test Visual Acuity and Perform Ophthalmoscopy ?
Authors: Ang G. S. , Dhillon B. 
Published: January 2017

Our objective was to assess junior house officer (JHO) practice of visual acuity testing and ophthalmoscopy in clerking patients. Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study using a standardised structured interview technique. Setting: A Scottish university teaching hospital employing 65 JHOs. Participants: All medical and surgical JHOs from this hospital were interviewed over a three month period. Main outcome measures: Questionnaire-based data on the subjective responses studying current practice of visual acuity testing, and direct ophthalmoscopy with and without topical mydriatics. Results: 18.5% and 4.6% of participants perform daily ophthalmoscopy and visual acuity testing respectively. Most do not routinely use the Snellen chart (80.0%) or topical mydriatics during ophthalmoscopy (75.4%). JHOs claimed these were not easily available in the wards. Conclusions: The majority of JHOs fail to test visual acuity or perform ophthalmoscopy in clerking patients. This study highlights the poor availability of Snellen charts, functioning ophthalmoscopes, and topical mydriatics in the wards. This warrants further investigation.
Lupoid Hepatitis of Late Onset
Authors: Murdoch J. C. , MacSween R. N. M. 
Published: January 2017

Three cases of lupoid hepatitis according to the definition of Mackay et al. (1965) are presented. To comply with this definition such cases should have (a) evidence of continuing hepatitis, as manifested by elevated levels of transaminases, associated with a relapsing jaundice; (b) hypergammaglobulinaemia; (c) liver biopsy showing cirrhosis, ‘piece mealrsquo; liver cell necrosis and lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltrate; and (d) improvement on immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids. Furthermore there should be evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the form of anti-nuclear factor or positive L.E. cell test or minor manifestations of S.L.E. Each patient was aged 50 or over at the onset of symptoms, an unusual finding, as most patients studied have been aged 21 or under at onset. The modes of presentation were (1) recurrent obstructive ***aundice; (2) recurrent haematemesis and melaena; and (3) polyarthritis and hepatomegaly. The co-existence of other diseases thought to have an auto-immune basis is noted in 2 cases. The need for a common definition of this disorder is stressed as the condition has been described by various authors with varying criteria for diagnosis. The possible aetiologies of the condition are discussed. It is thought that these studies lend support to the suggestion that lupoid hepatitis is a disease of auto-immune aetiology.
Differential Psychological Effects of Early and Late Mobilisation after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Groden B. M. , Brown R. I. F. 
Published: January 2017

Two groups of male patients who had survived an acute myocardial infarction and who were treated by alternative regimes of early or late mobilisation were given psychological tests on leaving hospital and at follow-up approximately one year later. Test scores on neuroticism, extroversion and lying from the Eysenck Personality Inventory were analysed showing that: (1) both groups studied increased their neuroticism scores and decreased their extroversion scores over the follow-up period; (2) the earlier mobilised group had lower neuroticism scores on leaving hospital; and (3) at the end of the follow-up period there was no significant difference between early and late mobilised groups in extroversion and neuroticism scores. It is suggested that the initial advantages of earlier mobilisation in producing optimism in the patient may be lost when the patient is returned to his home environment.
Some Unresolved Problems in Chronic Respiratory Disease
Authors: Stuart-Harris Charles 
Published: January 2017

In this lecture the position concerning some of the present-day problems in the field of chronic respiratory disease have been reviewed. First among these —the differentiation of the 3 components chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma—is seen to have been only partly accomplished by accepted definitions. The place of emphysema as a major accompaniment of chronic bronchitis is particularly baffling during life. The controversy regarding the reversibility of airways obstruction is held to affect the definition of asthma and should be a stimulus to renewed efforts to clarify the situation. In both emphysema and asthma attention ought to be directed towards epidemiological studies in order to elucidate aetiological factors. The second major problem—that of the earliest stages of chronic bronchitis— is important in the recognition of the role of causative factors known to be important at a later stage. Air pollution and infection thus occupy a tentative causative role even before cigarette smoking becomes effective in eliciting mucus production by the airways. The role of genetic factors has been highlighted with the advent of knowledge concerning the serum α 1-antitrypsin globulin. Detailed clinical and epidemiological studies are now required. The third problem is a prognostic one. In such long-lasting complaints as those under consideration, diagnosis at an early stage might surely lead to attempts to prevent progression. Here the mystery of the variability of the natural history of different individuals is the problem and airways obstruction is seen to be a major determinant of ventilatory/perfusion relationships. These in turn are prognostically related not only to respiratory failure but to pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale.
Non-Organ Specific Autoantibodies in Malignant Diseases
Authors: Gray Elizabeth S. , McLay A. L. C. , Thompson W. D. , Donald D. , Horne C. H. W. 
Published: January 2017

A significant increase in non-organ specific autoantibodies is demonstrated in 13 per cent of the sera from 202 patients with histologically proven malignancies, as compared with only 4 per cent of sera from 214 age and sex matched control patients. It appears that the incidence of autoantibodies is related to the histological type of the tumour but not to the presence or absence of tumour dissemination. While the control group shows the expected increase in both incidence and titre of autoantibodies with increasing age, the malignant patients show no such pattern, i.e. in cancer patients autoantibodies occur with equal frequency and at similar titres regardless of age. The absence of an age related increase in incidence and titre of non organ specific autoantibodies does not appear to have been reported previously. Our findings lend support to the hypothesis that cancer is associated with a breakdown of immunological surveillance, not only in old but also in young cancer patients. Thus the finding of non organ specific autoantibodies, especially to smooth muscle antigen, in an apparently healthy adult could be considered evidence of such a breakdown, carrying with it an increased risk of neoplasia.
The Medico-Social Aspects of Liquor Licensing
Authors: Clayson C. 
Published: January 2017

The present Licensing Law has failed in its stated purpose of diminishing the misuse of alcohol. On the contrary the misuse of alcohol is increasing year by year. The recommendations of the Scottish Departmental Committee (1971–1973) would, if fully implemented, go far to remedying this defect by providing effective legislative support encouraging improved social attitudes to drink. The Licensing (Scotland) Bill 1976 will, from a technical point of view, discard much that was obsolete and promote much that is wise in the practice of licensing, but if passed into law unchanged the Bill will not have the full social impact on drinking habits and, therefore, on the misuse of alcohol for which we had hoped.
Some Medical Aspects of North Sea Oil Industry
Authors: Leese W. L. B. 
Published: January 2017

Most illness and injury cases seen in the Sick Bays of North Sea Oil Installations are similar to those in industry generally. Some are due to the sea depth and the hostile environment. The course of treatment may be affected by the isolated situation. The basic plan to meet a disaster situation may in the event be unworkable because of installation air traffic disturbance. Transportation of casualties to pre-arranged destinations may be affected by weather or the availability of suitable helicopters or ships. Practice to meet different medical contingencies is essential. For efficient rescue there must be a reliable, uninterrupted communication system between installation and base.
Topical Pramoxine and Hydrocortisone Foam versus Placebo in Relief of Post Partum Episiotomy Symptoms and Wound Healing
Authors: Greer I. A. , Cameron A. D. 
Published: January 2017

A double-blind randomised controlled trial, comparing pramoxine hydrochloride 1 per cent and hydrocortisone acetate 1 per cent in a mucoadhesive foam base, with simple aqueous foam (B.P.), in relieving episiotomy discomfort and episiotomy healing in 40 patients was carried out. Simple aqueous foam was more effective with regard to wound healing and episiotomy discomfort as measured by analgesic consumption. Pramoxine and hydrocortisone foam offers no advantage over simple aqueous foam in the treatment of post partum episiotomy discomfort.
Tuberculosis and Minimal Change Nephropathy
Authors: Jones J. M. Boulton 
Published: January 2017

A patient with minimal change nephropathy (MCN) is described who, during the earlier part of his illness, had several relapses each of which promptly responded to treatment with prednisolone but subsequently his proteinuria became refractory to this treatment for nearly two years. Tuberculous osteitis was then discovered and treated. Thereafter, a further course of prednisolone caused a prompt and sustained remission. The natural history of this patient identifies another cause of failure of conventional therapy to induce remission in patients with MCN; highlights the hazards of that therapy; suggests that neither prednisolone nor cyclophosphamide is capable of inhibiting the mechanism causing proteinuria unless the provoking factor has been eliminated and supports Shalhoub's belief that the T lymphocyte may be important in the pathogenesis of MCN.
Illness Associated with a Package Holiday in Romania
Authors: Grist N.R. , Cossar J.H. , Reid D. , Dewar R.D. , Fallon R.J. , Riding Miriam H. , Bell Eleanor J. 
Published: January 2017

A study of 370 holidaymakers returning from Romania revealed that 279 (75%) reported illness. Alimentary symptoms predominated and were recorded either alone or along with other symptoms by 71 per cent of the tourists. The highest illness rate (82%) occurred in those under 39 years of age and those over 60 years had least illness (38%). Most of the tourists attributed their illnesses to the supply, handling or preparation of food and drink. Twenty-six (21%) tourists had serological evidence of typhoid immunisation out of 121 from whom blood samples were obtained. Most of the tourists studied (85%) were immune to poliomyelitis.
Composition of Seasonality of Disease
Authors: Douglas A.S. , Allan T.M. , Rawles J.M. 
Published: January 2017

The composition of the seasonality of total death was ascertained. Vascular disease seasonality constitutes more than half. The remaining seasonality is influenced by respiratory disease. Surprisingly and of possible importance cancer mortality was not seasonal. Deaths from ‘all other disease’ and from ‘injuries’ is seasonal. Seasonality increases with age. In coronary and cerebrovascular disease death has a large seasonal fluctuation. On the other hand hospital admissions and survivors have a minor seasonal fluctuation — Only cerebrovascular admissions reaching the chosen level of significance with a small seasonal amplitude. For vascular disease the ranking of seasonal fluctuation from greatest to least is — Death outside hospital, total death, death inside hospital, admissions, survivors. It is death outside hospital presumably ‘sudden’ that imposes seasonality on coronary disease in general. For respiratory diseases not only death but hospital admissions and survivors have high amplitude seasonality with a much greater fluctuation than for death in vascular disease.
Reflections on Dr Henderson of Perth's Case of Impracticable Labour: An Early Case (1820) in which the Caesarean Operation was Performed
Authors: Kaufman M.H. 
Published: January 2017

The rediscovery of a female pelvis with features characteristic of osteomalacia stimulated an enquiry into the clinical history of the woman involved. It was established that she died in 1820, aged 30. Despite being severely debilitated and confined to bed for some years with increasing skeletal deformities, she became pregnant, and in due course laboured unsuccessfully for about 102 hours. An elective caesarean section was performed, but she died some hours later, though her daughter survived and was appropriately christened Caesar Anna. This represents one of the earliest cases in which the caesarean operation was performed where the full obstetric history was carefully recorded by the obstetrician involved, Dr Henderson of Perth. The case was clearly considered important, and in 1836 engravings of this pelvis were used to illustrate Professor Hamilton's “Practical Observations of Various Subjects Related to Midwifery”. Such cases are now of great rarity in the developed world.