bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluate the effect of different mmps inhibitors on adhesive physical properties of dental adhesives, bond strength and mmp substarte activity
Authors: Zheng Pei , Chen Hui 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe have evaluated and compare the effect of different exogenous MMP inhibitors on adhesive physical properties of dental adhesives, bond strength, micro permeability and MMP substrate activity. 180-grit Sic paper was used to obtain the superficial dentin surface from each and every tooth after the wet grinding procedure. Dentin was exposed to four different MMP inhibitors to evaluate the effect on resin adhesive dentin interface. The four groups used in study were: 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, 2% doxycycline solution, 5% Proanthocyanidin (PR), Control Group. We evaluated and compared the four groups at each and every step of etching, bonding and resin application. Then, the immunolabeling was done with the help of the secondary antibodies with the pH of 7 and the dilution of 1:20. Amongst all the etching pretreatment groups, CHE group (Chlorhexidine etching group) revealed highest exposure to collagen fibrils than the other groups of etching. Then after the CHE group, the next group which has the second highest exposure DOE group. MMP inhibitor application for time duration of 1 minute after the etching procedures significantly improves the bond strength, exposure to collagen fibres and uniforms the dense form of dentin hybrid layer.
Integrated behavioural and stable isotope data reveal altered diet linked to low breeding success in urban-dwelling blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus)
Authors: Pollock Christopher J. , Capilla-Lasheras Pablo , McGill Rona A. R. , Helm Barbara , Dominoni Davide M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAnimals often show reduced reproductive success in urban compared to adjacent natural areas. The lower availability and quality of natural food in cities is suggested as one key limiting factor. However, only few studies have provided conclusive support by simultaneously assessing food availability, diet and fitness. We consolidate this evidence by taking a holistic approach, comparing blue tits breeding in forest, suburban and urban areas. We (a) assessed arthropod availability, (b) investigated parental provisioning behaviour, (c) inferred diet through stable isotope analysis, and (d) measured reproductive success. At the urban site, we found a significant reduction in caterpillar availability, the main food source of blue tits, and consequently urban tits fed their offspring with fewer caterpillars than forest and suburban birds. Stable isotope analysis confirmed that diet in the urban area was fundamentally different than in the other sites. Reproductive success was lower in both urban and suburban sites compared to the forest site, and was positively associated with volume of provisioned caterpillars. Our findings provide strong integrative evidence that urban blue tit nestlings are not receiving a suitable diet, and this may be an important limiting factor for urban populations of this and potentially many other species.
Barcode ITS2: a useful tool for identifying Trachelospermum jasminoides and a good monitor for medicine market
Authors: Yu Ning , Wei Yu-long , Zhang Xin , Zhu Ning , Wang Yan-li , Zhu Yue , Zhang Hai-ping , Li Fen-mei , Yang Lan , Sun Jia-qi , Sun Ai-dong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTrachelospermum jasminoides is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the use of the plant’s local alternatives is frequent, causing potential clinical problems. The T. jasminoides sold in the medicine market is commonly dried and sliced, making traditional identification methods difficult. In this study, the ITS2 region was evaluated on 127 sequences representing T. jasminoides and its local alternatives according to PCR and sequencing rates, intra- and inter-specific divergences, secondary structure, and discrimination capacity. Results indicated the 100% success rates of PCR and sequencing and the obvious presence of a barcoding gap. Results of BLAST 1, nearest distance and neighbor-joining tree methods showed that barcode ITS2 could successfully identify all the texted samples. The secondary structures of the ITS2 region provided another dimensionality for species identification. Two-dimensional images were obtained for better and easier identification. Previous studies on DNA barcoding concentrated more on the same family, genus, or species. However, an ideal barcode should be variable enough to identify closely related species. Meanwhile, the barcodes should also be conservative in identifying distantly related species. This study highlights the application of barcode ITS2 in solving practical problems in the distantly related local alternatives of medical plants.
Expression and regulation of drug transporters in vertebrate neutrophils
Authors: Foulkes Matthew J. , Henry Katherine M. , Rougeot Julien , Hooper-Greenhill Edward , Loynes Catherine A. , Jeffrey Phil , Fleming Angeleen , Savage Caroline O. , Meijer Annemarie H. , Jones Simon , Renshaw Stephen A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThere remains a need to identify novel pro-resolution drugs for treatment of inflammatory disease. To date, there are no neutrophil-specific anti-inflammatory treatments in clinical use, perhaps due to our lack of understanding of how drugs access this complex cell type. Here we present the first comprehensive description and expression of both major classes of drug transporters, SLC and ABC, in resting human blood neutrophils. Moreover, we have studied the expression of these carriers in the tractable model system, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), additionally examining the evolutionary relationship between drug transporters in zebrafish and humans. We anticipate that this will be a valuable resource to the field of inflammation biology and will be an important asset in future anti-inflammatory drug design.
Quantum sensing of noises in one and two dimensional quantum walks
Authors: Chen Tian , Zhang Xiong , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractQuantum walk (QW) provides a versatile platform for the realization of quantum algorithms. Due to the existence of the inevitable noises in the walk, the different quantum algorithms accommodating to different noises are demanded. Thus, the success of the algorithms based on the QW requires us to sense different noises in the walk. Until now, the way to distinguish different noises in the walk has been discussed rarely. Here, we propose an efficient way to sense the noises in the one and two dimensional QWs. The populations of the coin in the walk with or without decoherence are presented. By only detecting the populations of the coin in the QW, we can determine whether there exists the decoherence in the total QW system. Moreover, the non-Markovianity of the coin in the one and two dimensional QWs is revealed, in which the coin is taken as an open quantum system, and the other components of the QW system is taken as the large environment. With the measured value of the non-Markovianity for the coin, we can conjecture which kinds of noise emerges in the one and two dimensional QWs.
Seasonal variation modulates coral sensibility to heat-stress and explains annual changes in coral productivity
Authors: Scheufen Tim , Krämer Wiebke E. , Iglesias-Prieto Roberto , Enríquez Susana 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe potential effects of seasonal acclimatization on coral sensitivity to heat-stress, has received limited attention despite differing bleaching thresholds for summer and winter. In this study, we examined the response of two contrasting phenotypes, termed winter and summer, of four Caribbean reef corals to similar light and heat-stress levels. The four species investigated were categorized into two groups: species with the ability to harbour large number of symbionts, Orbicella annularis and O. faveolata, and species with reduced symbiont density (Montastraea cavernosa and Pseudodiploria strigosa). The first group showed higher capacity to enhance photosynthetic rates per area (Pmax), while Pmax enhancement in the second group was more dependent on Symbiodinium performance (Psym). In summer all four species presented higher productivity, but also higher sensitivity to lose coral photosynthesis under heat-stress. In contrast, corals in winter exhibit symbionts with higher capacity to photoacclimate to the increased levels of light-stress elicited by heat-stress. Overall, our study supports the importance of the acclimatory coral condition in addition to the previous thermal history, to determine the severity of the impact of heat-stress on coral physiology, but also the dependence of this response on the particular structural and functional traits of the species.
Balancing Hole and Electron Conduction in Ambipolar Split-Gate Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Yoo Hocheon , Ghittorelli Matteo , Lee Dong-Kyu , Smits Edsger C. P. , Gelinck Gerwin H. , Ahn Hyungju , Lee Han-Koo , Torricelli Fabrizio , Kim Jae-Joon 
Published: July 2017

AbstractComplementary organic electronics is a key enabling technology for the development of new applications including smart ubiquitous sensors, wearable electronics, and healthcare devices. High-performance, high-functionality and reliable complementary circuits require n- and p-type thin-film transistors with balanced characteristics. Recent advancements in ambipolar organic transistors in terms of semiconductor and device engineering demonstrate the great potential of this route but, unfortunately, the actual development of ambipolar organic complementary electronics is currently hampered by the uneven electron (n-type) and hole (p-type) conduction in ambipolar organic transistors. Here we show ambipolar organic thin-film transistors with balanced n-type and p-type operation. By manipulating air exposure and vacuum annealing conditions, we show that well-balanced electron and hole transport properties can be easily obtained. The method is used to control hole and electron conductions in split-gate transistors based on a solution-processed donor-acceptor semiconducting polymer. Complementary logic inverters with balanced charging and discharging characteristics are demonstrated. These findings may open up new opportunities for the rational design of complementary electronics based on ambipolar organic transistors.
Nature Degradable, Flexible, and Transparent Conductive Substrates from Green and Earth-Abundant Materials
Authors: Yang Bing , Yao Chunhua , Yu Yanhao , Li Zhaodong , Wang Xudong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe rapid development of wearable and disposable electronic devices and the rising awareness of environmental sustainability impose growing new demands on the nature degradability of current electronic and energy systems. Here we report a new type of flexible transparent conductive paper completely made from green and earth abundant materials which are also fully degradable and recyclable. Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) was deposited by low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) as the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer on transparent cellulose nanofibril (CNF) papers. The mesoporous structure of the CNF paper rendered strong adhesion of the AZO layer and exhibited excellent mechanical integrity and electrical conductivity within a wide range of tensile and compressive strains. The AZO-CNF paper could be completely dissolved in warm city water after one-hour stirring, demonstrating an excellent nature degradability. A flexible and transparent triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was further fabricated using such AZO-CNF papers with a performance that was comparable to other synthetic polymer-based systems. This work illustrated a new and promising strategy of utilizing 100% green and degradable materials in novel electronic and energy harvesting devices.
Revealing enterovirus infection in chronic human disorders: An integrated diagnostic approach
Authors: Genoni Angelo , Canducci Filippo , Rossi Agostino , Broccolo Francesco , Chumakov Konstantin , Bono Giorgio , Salerno-Uriarte Jorge , Salvatoni Alessandro , Pugliese Alberto , Toniolo Antonio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEnteroviruses (EVs) causing persisting infection are characterized by minimal replication and genetic changes. Typing of these agents may complement disease assessment and shed light on pathogenesis. Here we report an integrated approach for EV detection in human samples that is based on pre-enrichment of virus in cell culture before search for the viral genome and viral antigens. Cases of post-polio syndrome, type 1 diabetes, and chronic cardiomyopathy were investigated. As tissue-based approaches require invasive procedures, information was mainly gleaned from virus in blood. Molecular assays targeting conserved genome regions of all EV types (5′UTR, 2 C, 3Dpol) were employed. As compared to direct assays of plasma or leukocytes, the EV detection rate was significantly enhanced by co-culture of leukocytes with cell lines prior to molecular and immunologic tests. Results of RT-PCR and sequencing were confirmed by staining cell cultures with a panel of EV-specific antibodies. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that EVs of the C species (polioviruses) were associated with the post-polio syndrome, while members of the B species were found in type 1 diabetes and cardiomyopathy. The procedure may be used for investigating the possible association of different EVs with a variety of chronic neurologic, endocrine, and cardiac disorders.
Functional determinants of protein assembly into homomeric complexes
Authors: Bergendahl L. Therese , Marsh Joseph A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractApproximately half of proteins with experimentally determined structures can interact with other copies of themselves and assemble into homomeric complexes, the overwhelming majority of which (>96%) are symmetric. Although homomerisation is often assumed to a functionally beneficial result of evolutionary selection, there has been little systematic analysis of the relationship between homomer structure and function. Here, utilizing the large numbers of structures and functional annotations now available, we have investigated how proteins that assemble into different types of homomers are associated with different biological functions. We observe that homomers from different symmetry groups are significantly enriched in distinct functions, and can often provide simple physical and geometrical explanations for these associations in regards to substrate recognition or physical environment. One of the strongest associations is the tendency for metabolic enzymes to form dihedral complexes, which we suggest is closely related to allosteric regulation. We provide a physical explanation for why allostery is related to dihedral complexes: it allows for efficient propagation of conformational changes across isologous (i.e. symmetric) interfaces. Overall we demonstrate a clear relationship between protein function and homomer symmetry that has important implications for understanding protein evolution, as well as for predicting protein function and quaternary structure.
Sea ice breakup and marine melt of a retreating tidewater outlet glacier in northeast Greenland (81°N)
Authors: Bendtsen Jørgen , Mortensen John , Lennert Kunuk , K. Ehn Jens , Boone Wieter , Galindo Virginie , Hu Yu-bin , Dmitrenko Igor A. , Kirillov Sergei A. , Kjeldsen Kristian K. , Kristoffersen Yngve , G. Barber David , Rysgaard Søren 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRising temperatures in the Arctic cause accelerated mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet and reduced sea ice cover. Tidewater outlet glaciers represent direct connections between glaciers and the ocean where melt rates at the ice-ocean interface are influenced by ocean temperature and circulation. However, few measurements exist near outlet glaciers from the northern coast towards the Arctic Ocean that has remained nearly permanently ice covered. Here we present hydrographic measurements along the terminus of a major retreating tidewater outlet glacier from Flade Isblink Ice Cap. We show that the region is characterized by a relatively large change of the seasonal freshwater content, corresponding to ~2 m of freshwater, and that solar heating during the short open water period results in surface layer temperatures above 1 °C. Observations of temperature and salinity supported that the outlet glacier is a floating ice shelf with near-glacial subsurface temperatures at the freezing point. Melting from the surface layer significantly influenced the ice foot morphology of the glacier terminus. Hence, melting of the tidewater outlet glacier was found to be critically dependent on the retreat of sea ice adjacent to the terminus and the duration of open water.
A global classification of coastal flood hazard climates associated with large-scale oceanographic forcing
Authors: Rueda Ana , Vitousek Sean , Camus Paula , Tomás Antonio , Espejo Antonio , Losada Inigo J. , Barnard Patrick L. , Erikson Li H. , Ruggiero Peter , Reguero Borja G. , Mendez Fernando J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCoastal communities throughout the world are exposed to numerous and increasing threats, such as coastal flooding and erosion, saltwater intrusion and wetland degradation. Here, we present the first global-scale analysis of the main drivers of coastal flooding due to large-scale oceanographic factors. Given the large dimensionality of the problem (e.g. spatiotemporal variability in flood magnitude and the relative influence of waves, tides and surge levels), we have performed a computer-based classification to identify geographical areas with homogeneous climates. Results show that 75% of coastal regions around the globe have the potential for very large flooding events with low probabilities (unbounded tails), 82% are tide-dominated, and almost 49% are highly susceptible to increases in flooding frequency due to sea-level rise.
Google Trends can improve surveillance of Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tkachenko Nataliya , Chotvijit Sarunkorn , Gupta Neha , Bradley Emma , Gilks Charlotte , Guo Weisi , Crosby Henry , Shore Eliot , Thiarai Malkiat , Procter Rob , Jarvis Stephen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecent studies demonstrate that people are increasingly looking online to assess their health, with reasons varying from personal preferences and beliefs to inability to book a timely appointment with their local medical practice. Records of these activities represent a new source of data about the health of populations, but which is currently unaccounted for by disease surveillance models. This could potentially be useful as evidence of individuals’ perception of bodily changes and self-diagnosis of early symptoms of an emerging disease. We make use of the Experian geodemographic Mosaic dataset in order to extract Type 2 diabetes candidate risk variables and compare their temporal relationships with the search keywords, used to describe early symptoms of the disease on Google. Our results demonstrate that Google Trends can detect early signs of diabetes by monitoring combinations of keywords, associated with searches for hypertension treatment and poor living conditions; Combined search semantics, related to obesity, how to quit smoking and improve living conditions (deprivation) can be also employed, however, may lead to less accurate results.
Analysis of positive and negative allosteric modulation in metabotropic glutamate receptors 4 and 5 with a dual ligand
Authors: Dalton James A. R. , Pin Jean-Philippe , Giraldo Jesús 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAs class C GPCRs and regulators of synaptic activity, human metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) 4 and 5 are prime targets for allosteric modulation, with mGlu5 inhibition or mGlu4 stimulation potentially treating conditions like chronic pain and Parkinson’s disease. As an allosteric modulator that can bind both receptors, 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) is able to negatively modulate mGlu5 or positively modulate mGlu4. At a structural level, how it elicits these responses and how mGluRs undergo activation is unclear. Here, we employ homology modelling and 30 µs of atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to probe allosteric conformational change in mGlu4 and mGlu5, with and without docked MPEP. Our results identify several structural differences between mGlu4 and mGlu5, as well as key differences responsible for MPEP-mediated positive and negative allosteric modulation, respectively. A novel mechanism of mGlu4 activation is revealed, which may apply to all mGluRs in general. This involves conformational changes in TM3, TM4 and TM5, separation of intracellular loop 2 (ICL2) from ICL1/ICL3, and destabilization of the ionic-lock. On the other hand, mGlu5 experiences little disturbance when MPEP binds, maintaining its inactive state with reduced conformational fluctuation. In addition, when MPEP is absent, a lipid molecule can enter the mGlu5 allosteric pocket.
High Frequency Components of Hemodynamic Shear Stress Profiles are a Major Determinant of Shear-Mediated Platelet Activation in Therapeutic Blood Recirculating Devices
Authors: Consolo Filippo , Sheriff Jawaad , Gorla Silvia , Magri Nicolò , Bluestein Danny , Pappalardo Federico , Slepian Marvin J. , Fiore Gianfranco B. , Redaelli Alberto 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe systematically analyzed the relative contributions of frequency component elements of hemodynamic shear stress waveforms encountered in cardiovascular blood recirculating devices as to overall platelet activation over time. We demonstrated that high frequency oscillations are the major determinants for priming, triggering and yielding activated “prothrombotic behavior” for stimulated platelets, even if the imparted shear stress has low magnitude and brief exposure time. Conversely, the low frequency components of the stress signal, with limited oscillations over time, did not induce significant activation, despite being of high magnitude and/or exposure time. In vitro data were compared with numerical predictions computed according to a recently proposed numerical model of shear-mediated platelet activation. The numerical model effectively resolved the correlation between platelet activation and the various frequency components examined. However, numerical predictions exhibited a different activation trend compared to experimental results for different time points of a stress activation sequence. With this study we provide a more fundamental understanding for the mechanobiological responsiveness of circulating platelets to the hemodynamic environment of cardiovascular devices, and the importance of these environments in mediating life-threatening thromboembolic complications associated with shear-mediated platelet activation. Experimental data will guide further optimization of the thromboresistance of cardiovascular implantable therapeutic devices.
Non-linear optical measurement of the twist elastic constant in thermotropic and DNA lyotropic chiral nematics
Authors: Lucchetti Liana , Fraccia Tommaso P. , Ciciulla Fabrizio , Bellini Tommaso 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThroughout the whole history of liquid crystals science, the balancing of intrinsic elasticity with coupling to external forces has been the key strategy for most application and investigation. While the coupling of the optical field to the nematic director is at the base of a wealth of thoroughly described optical effects, a significant variety of geometries and materials have not been considered yet. Here we show that by adopting a simple cell geometry and measuring the optically induced birefringence, we can readily extract the twist elastic coefficient K22of thermotropic and lyotropic chiral nematics (N*). The value of K22we obtain for chiral doped 5CB thermotropic N* well matches those reported in the literature. With this same strategy, we could determine for the first time K22of the N* phase of concentrated aqueous solutions of DNA oligomers, bypassing the limitations that so far prevented measuring the elastic constants of this class of liquid crystalline materials. The present study also enlightens the significant nonlinear optical response of DNA liquid crystals.