bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein Molybdän(0)‐Isocyanid‐Komplex als Ru(2,2′‐Bipyridin)32+‐Analogon: ein starkes Reduktionsmittel für die Photoredoxkatalyse
Authors: Büldt Laura A. , Guo Xingwei , Prescimone Alessandro , Wenger Oliver S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEs wird der erste homoleptische Mo0‐Komplex mit zweizähnigen Isocyanidliganden vorgestellt, der 3MLCT‐Lumineszenz mit Quantenausbeuten und Lebenszeiten vergleichbar zu denen von Ru(bpy)32+ zeigt. Dieser Mo0‐Komplex ist ein sehr starkes Photoreduktionsmittel, was sich mittels zeitaufgelöster Laserspektroskopie am Beispiel der Reduktion von Acetophenon, die mit quasi‐diffusionslimitierter Kinetik abläuft, zeigen ließ. Das Anwendungspotential des Komplexes als Photoredoxkatalysator wurde anhand der Umlagerung eines Acylcyclopropans zu einem 2,3‐Dihydrofuran demonstriert. Diese Reaktion erfordert ein derart negatives Reduktionspotential, dass selbst der stark reduzierende Ir(2‐Phenylpyridin)3‐Photosensibilisator sie nicht katalysieren kann. Folglich legt diese Studie den Grundstein für die Verwendung von chelatisierenden Isocyanidliganden, um Mo0‐Komplexe mit langlebigen angeregten 3MLCT‐Zuständen zugänglich zu machen, die eine ungewöhnlich anspruchsvolle Photoredoxchemie erschließen.
Elemental Bromine Production by TiO2 Photocatalysis and/or Ozonation
Authors: Parrino Francesco , Camera Roda Giovanni , Loddo Vittorio , Palmisano Leonardo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSignificant production of elemental bromine (Br2) was observed for the first time when treating bromide containing solutions at acidic pH, with TiO2 photocatalyst, ozone, or a combination thereof. Br2 selectivities up to approximately 85 % were obtained and the corresponding bromine mass balance values satisfied. The process is general and may be applied at a laboratory scale for green bromination reactions, or industrially as a cheap, safe, and environmentally sustainable alternative to the currently applied bromine production methods.
Discovery and Total Synthesis of Streptoaminals: Antimicrobial [5,5]‐Spirohemiaminals from the Combined‐Culture of Streptomyces nigrescens and Tsukamurella pulmonis
Authors: Sugiyama Ryosuke , Nishimura Shinichi , Ozaki Taro , Asamizu Shumpei , Onaka Hiroyasu , Kakeya Hideaki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA series of lipidic spirohemiaminals, designated streptoaminals, is reported. These were discovered by surveying the unique molecular signatures identified in the mass spectrometry data of the combined‐culture broth of Streptomyces nigrescens HEK616 and Tsukamurella pulmonis TP‐B0596. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that streptoaminals appeared as a cluster of ion peaks, which were separated by 14 mass unit intervals, implying the presence of alkyl chains of different lengths. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and total synthesis. Streptoaminals with globular structures showed broad antimicrobial activities, whereas the planar structures of the 5‐alkyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines found in the same combined‐culture did not. This work shows the application of microbes as reservoirs for a range of chemical scaffolds.
Giant Pressure‐Driven Lattice Collapse Coupled with Intermetallic Bonding and Spin‐State Transition in Manganese Chalcogenides
Authors: Wang Yonggang , Bai Ligang , Wen Ting , Yang Liuxiang , Gou Huiyang , Xiao Yuming , Chow Paul , Pravica Michael , Yang Wenge , Zhao Yusheng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMaterials with an abrupt volume collapse of more than 20 % during a pressure‐induced phase transition are rarely reported. In such an intriguing phenomenon, the lattice may be coupled with dramatic changes of orbital and/or the spin‐state of the transition metal. A combined in situ crystallography and electron spin‐state study to probe the mechanism of the pressure‐driven lattice collapse in MnS and MnSe is presented. Both materials exhibit a rocksalt‐to‐MnP phase transition under compression with ca. 22 % unit‐cell volume changes, which was found to be coupled with the Mn2+(d5) spin‐state transition from S=5/2 to S=1/2 and the formation of Mn−Mn intermetallic bonds as supported by the metallic transport behavior of their high‐pressure phases. Our results reveal the mutual relationship between pressure‐driven lattice collapse and the orbital/spin‐state of Mn2+ in manganese chalcogenides and also provide deeper insights toward the exploration of new metastable phases with exceptional functionalities.
Enhanced Performance of a Lithium–Sulfur Battery Using a Carbonate‐Based Electrolyte
Authors: Xu Zhixin , Wang Jiulin , Yang Jun , Miao Xiaowei , Chen Renjie , Qian Ji , Miao Rongrong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe lithium–sulfur battery is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for lithium–metal batteries with high energy density. However, dendrite Li formation and low cycle efficiency of the Li anode as well as unstable sulfur based cathode still hinder its practical application. Herein a novel electrolyte (1 m LiODFB/EC‐DMC‐FEC) is designed not only to address the above problems of Li anode but also to match sulfur cathode perfectly, leading to extraordinary electrochemical performances. Using this electrolyte, lithium|lithium cells can cycle stably for above 2000 hours and the average Coulumbic efficiency reaches 98.8 %. Moreover, the Li–S battery delivers a reversible capacity of about 1400 mAh g−1sulfur with retention of 89 % for 1100 cycles at 1 C, and a capacity above 1100 mAh g−1sulfur at 10 C. The more advantages of this cell system are its outstanding cycle stability at 60 °C and no self‐discharge phenomena.
Ocellatin‐PT antimicrobial peptides: High‐resolution microscopy studies in antileishmania models and interactions with mimetic membrane systems
Authors: Oliveira Mayara , Gomes‐Alves Ana Georgina , Sousa Carla , Mirta Marani Mariela , Plácido Alexandra , Vale Nuno , Delerue‐Matos Cristina , Gameiro Paula , Kückelhaus Selma A. S. , Tomas Ana M. , S. A. Leite José Roberto , Eaton Peter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlthough the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is not clear, they can interact electrostatically with the cell membranes of microorganisms. New ocellatin‐PT peptides were recently isolated from the skin secretion of Leptodactylus pustulatus. The secondary structure of these AMPs and their effect on Leishmania infantum cells, and on different lipid surface models was characterized in this work. The results showed that all ocellatin‐PT peptides have an α‐helix structure and five of them (PT3, PT4, PT6 to PT8) have leishmanicidal activity; PT1 and PT2 affected the cellular morphology of the parasites and showed greater affinity for leishmania and bacteria‐mimicking lipid membranes than for those of mammals. The results show selectivity of ocellatin‐PTs to the membranes of microorganisms and the applicability of biophysical methods to clarify the interaction of AMPs with cell membranes.
Bioanalytical assay development and validation for simultaneous quantification of five schisandra lignans in rat primary hepatocytes based on LC‐MS/MS: application to a real‐time uptake study for Schisandra Lignan Extract
Authors: Kang Dian , Shao Yuhao , Yin Xiaoxi , Xiao Jingcheng , Rao Tai , Shen Boyu , Chen Huimin , Zhu Zhangpei , Wang Guangji , Liang Yan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSchisandra lignans, mainly including schizandrol A, schizandrol B, schisantherin A, schizandrin A, schizandrin B, etc., are the major active ingredients of Schisandra chinensis. In the present study, a robust liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of schisandra lignans in rat primary hepatocytes. Lovastatin was used as an internal standard, and chromatographic separation was achieved on a Shimadzu C18 column with a gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. All of the analytes were detected in multiple reaction monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization since the sodium adduct ion [M + Na]+ was observed as the most intensive peak in the MS spectrum. For schizandrol A, schisantherin A and schizandrin A, the dynamic range was within 2–1000 ng/mg protein, and the linear range of schizandrol B and schizandrin B was from 5 to 1000 ng/mg protein. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was <15% and the accuracy (relative error) ranged from −15 to 15%. No significant variation was observed in the stability tests. The validated method was then successfully applied to the time‐dependent uptake study for the Schisandra Lignan Extract in rat primary hepatocytes.
Development of a validated UPLC–MS/MS method for PK/PD analysis of SYL930 and its two major metabolites in dogs
Authors: Zhao Manman , Mi Jiaqi , Liu Xin , Wang Yan , Wu Xiangmeng , Hu Jinping , Li Yan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA sensitive and specific UPLC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 2‐amino‐2‐(2‐(4′‐(2‐propyloxazol‐4‐yl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)ethyl)propane‐1,3‐diol (SYL930), phosphorylated metabolite (SYL930‐P) and hydroxylated metabolite (SYL930‐M) in dog blood using SYL927 and SYL927‐P, analogues of SYL930, as the internal standards. Analytes were extracted with protein precipitation followed by chromatographic separation on a ZorbaxSB‐C18 column (3.5 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) with a gradient elution of methanol–water containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v). A triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer operating in the positive electrospray ionization mode was used to detect SYL930, SYL930‐P, SYL930‐M and IS transitions of 381.2 → 364.2, 461.2 → 334.2, 397.3 → 380.3, 367.1 → 350.4 and 447.5 → 320.2, respectively. The linear calibration curves for SYL930, SYL930‐P and SYL930‐M were 0.5–500, 0.2–100 and 0.5–100 ng/mL, respectively (r2 > 0.99). The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions (RSD, %) of analytes did not exceed 9.16% except for low QCs (≤16.22%), and the accuracy (RE, %) ranged from −14 to 11.4%. The mean recoveries for SYL930, SYL930‐P and SYL930‐M in dog blood were 85.13–107.94, 73.84–80.08 and 85.64–95.44%, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic and PK/PD studies of SYL930 and its two major metabolites in dogs after an oral administration of SYL930.
Controlling the surface‐mediated release of DNA using ‘mixed multilayers’
Authors: Appadoo Visham , Carter Matthew C. D. , Lynn David M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report the design of erodible ‘mixed multilayer’ coatings fabricated using plasmid DNA and combinations of both hydrolytically degradable and charge‐shifting cationic polymer building blocks. Films fabricated layer‐by‐layer using combinations of a model poly(β‐amino ester) (polymer 1) and a model charge‐shifting polymer (polymer 2) exhibited DNA release profiles that were substantially different than those assembled using DNA and either polymer 1 or polymer 2 alone. In addition, the order in which layers of these two cationic polymers were deposited during assembly had a profound impact on DNA release profiles when these materials were incubated in physiological buffer. Mixed multilayers ∼225 nm thick fabricated by depositing layers of polymer 1/DNA onto films composed of polymer 2/DNA released DNA into solution over ∼60 days, with multi‐phase release profiles intermediate to and exhibiting some general features of polymer 1/DNA or polymer 2/DNA films (e.g., a period of rapid release, followed by a more extended phase). In sharp contrast, ‘inverted’ mixed multilayers fabricated by depositing layers of polymer 2/DNA onto films composed of polymer 1/DNA exhibited release profiles that were almost completely linear over ∼60‐80 days. These and other results are consistent with substantial interdiffusion and commingling (or mixing) among the individual components of these compound materials. Our results reveal this mixing to lead to new, unanticipated, and useful release profiles and provide guidance for the design of polymer‐based coatings for the local, surface‐mediated delivery of DNA from the surfaces of topologically complex interventional devices, such as intravascular stents, with predictable long‐term release profiles.
An atypical case of meconium periorchitis as paratesticular mass in a neonate
Authors: Rekhi Harnam Singh , Mittal Sushil Kumar , Mannem Srinath Reddy , Arora Sahil , Seth Kaushal , Pakkiri Sathya , Singh Ravitej , Gupta Saryu , Mathur Manoj 
Published: July 2016

Key Clinical MessageA 20‐day‐old boy was presented with left scrotal swelling, clinically diagnosed as hydrocele. Ultrasonographic findings suggested hydrocele with paratesticular mass. Intraoperatively we found paratesticular mass, separate from left testis. Specimen revealed fibroconnective tissue with mucoid degeneration and focal areas of calcification suggesting meconium periorchitis. It is important to consider meconium periorchitis as one of the etiologies, thereby avoiding unnecessary orchidectomies.
Apatite Formation from Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Mixed Amorphous Calcium Phosphate/Amorphous Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Ibsen Casper J. S. , Chernyshov Dmitry , Birkedal Henrik 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCrystallization from amorphous phases is an emerging pathway for making advanced materials. Biology has made use of amorphous precursor phases for eons and used them to produce structures with remarkable properties. Herein, we show how the design of the amorphous phase greatly influences the nanocrystals formed therefrom. We investigate the transformation of mixed amorphous calcium phosphate/amorphous calcium carbonate phases into bone‐like nanocrystalline apatite using in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The speciation of phosphate was controlled by pH to favor HPO42−. In a carbonate free system, the reaction produces anisotropic apatite crystallites with large aspect ratios. The first formed crystallites are highly calcium deficient and hydrogen phosphate rich, consistent with thin octacalcium phosphate (OCP)‐like needles. During growth, the crystallites become increasingly stoichiometric, which indicates that the crystallites grow through addition of near‐stoichiometric apatite to the OCP‐like initial crystals through a process that involves either crystallite fusion/aggregation or Ostwald ripening. The mixed amorphous phases were found to be more stable against phase transformations, hence, the crystallization was inhibited. The resulting crystallites were smaller and less anisotropic. This is rationalized by the idea that a local phosphate‐depletion zone formed around the growing crystal until it was surrounded by amorphous calcium carbonate, which stopped the crystallization.
Characterizing Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Binding to Human Serum Albumin by Spin‐Labeling and EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Hauenschild Till , Reichenwallner Jörg , Enkelmann Volker , Hinderberger Dariush 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDrug binding to human serum albumin (HSA) has been characterized by a spin‐labeling and continuous‐wave (CW) EPR spectroscopic approach. Specifically, the contribution of functional groups (FGs) in a compound on its albumin‐binding capabilities is quantitatively described. Molecules from different drug classes are labeled with EPR‐active nitroxide radicals (spin‐labeled pharmaceuticals (SLPs)) and in a screening approach CW‐EPR spectroscopy is used to investigate HSA binding under physiological conditions and at varying ratios of SLP to protein. Spectral simulations of the CW‐EPR spectra allow extraction of association constants (KA) and the maximum number (n) of binding sites per protein. By comparison of data from 23 SLPs, the mechanisms of drug–protein association and the impact of chemical modifications at individual positions on drug uptake can be rationalized. Furthermore, new drug modifications with predictable protein binding tendency may be envisaged.
Highly Emissive Far Red/Near‐IR Fluorophores Based on Borylated Fluorene–Benzothiadiazole Donor–Acceptor Materials
Authors: Crossley Daniel L. , Vitorica‐Yrezabal Inigo , Humphries Martin J. , Turner Michael L. , Ingleson Michael J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractStille, Suzuki–Miyaura and Negishi cross‐coupling reactions of bromine‐functionalised borylated precursors enable the facile, high yielding, synthesis of borylated donor–acceptor materials that contain electron‐rich aromatic units and/or extended effective conjugation lengths. These materials have large Stokes shifts, low LUMO energies, small band‐gaps and significant fluorescence emission >700 nm in solution and when dispersed in a host polymer.
Enantioselective and Regiodivergent Functionalization of N‐Allylcarbamates by Mechanistically Divergent Multicatalysis
Authors: Richmond Edward , Khan Ismat Ullah , Moran Joseph 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA pair of mechanistically divergent multicatalytic reaction sequences has been developed consisting of nickel‐catalyzed isomerization of N‐allylcarbamates and subsequent phosphoric‐acid‐catalyzed enantioselective functionalization of the resulting intermediates. By appropriate selection of reaction partners, in situ generated imines and ene‐carbamates are mechanistically partitioned to yield opposing functionalized products. Formal α‐functionalization to give protected α‐arylamines is achieved upon enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reaction with arene nucleophiles, whereas formal β‐functionalization is achieved upon reaction with diarylimine electrophiles in an enantioselective Povarov‐[4+2] cycloaddition.
C−H Acetoxylation‐Based Chemical Synthesis of 17 β‐Hydroxymethyl‐17 α‐methyl‐18‐norandrost‐13‐ene Steroids
Authors: Hurski Alaksiej L. , Barysevich Maryia V. , Dalidovich Tatsiana S. , Iskryk Marharyta V. , Kolasava Nastassia U. , Zhabinskii Vladimir N. , Khripach Vladimir A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed C−H acetoxylation has been proposed as a key transformation in the first chemical synthesis of steroids bearing a unique 17β‐hydroxymethyl‐17α‐methyl‐18‐nor‐13‐ene D‐fragment. This C−H functionalization step was crucial for inverting the configuration at the quaternary stereocenter of a readily available synthetic intermediate. The developed approach was applied to prepare the metandienone metabolite needed as a reference substance in anti‐doping analysis to control the abuse of this androgenic anabolic steroid.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanical Properties, Quantum Mechanical Calculations, and Crystallographic/Spectroscopic Characterization of GaNbO4, Ga(Ta,Nb)O4, and GaTaO4.
Authors: Perfler Lukas , Kahlenberg Volker , Toebbens Daniel , Schaur Andreas , Tribus Martina , Orlova Maria , Kaindl Reinhard 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Ga2O3, Nb2O5, and Ta2O5 (Pt crucible, 1523—1698 K, 15—70 h).
ChemInform Abstract: On New Ternary Equiatomic Scandium Transition Metal Aluminum Compounds ScTAl with T: Cr, Ru, Ag, Re, Pt, and Au.
Authors: Radzieowski Mathis , Benndorf Christopher , Haverkamp Sandra , Eckert Hellmut , Janka Oliver 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe title aluminides are obtained by repeated arc‐melting of the elements in stoichiometric quantities followed by annealing (evacuated quartz tubes, 800 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Submillisecond Organic Synthesis: Outpacing Fries Rearrangement Through Microfluidic Rapid Mixing.
Authors: Kim Heejin , Min Kyoung‐Ik , Inoue Keita , Im Do Jin , Kim Dong‐Pyo , Yoshida Jun‐ichi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA microfluidic technique that outpaces the very rapid anionic Fries rearrangement to chemoselectively functionalize iodophenyl carbamates at the ortho position is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Skeletal Rearrangement of Ether Tethered N‐Sulfonyl 1,2,3‐Triazoles: A Rapid Approach to 2‐Aminoindanone and Dihydroisoquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Yu Yinghua , Zhu Lei , Liao Yun , Mao Zhifeng , Huang Xueliang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe scalable procedure provides a separable mixture of 2‐aminoindanone and dihydroisoquinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of N‐Heteroaromatic Trifluoromethoxy Compounds by Direct O—CF3 Bond Formation.
Authors: Liang Apeng , Han Shuaijun , Liu Zhenwei , Wang Liang , Li Jingya , Zou Dapeng , Wu Yangjie , Wu Yusheng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis approach enables the unprecedented syntheses of a wide range of five‐or six‐membered N‐heteroaromatic trifluoromethoxy compounds containing one or two heteroatoms from most commonly used hydroxylated N‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Active System for the Metal‐Free Aerobic Photocyanation of Tertiary Amines with Visible Light: Application to the Synthesis of Tetraponerines and Crispine A.
Authors: Orejarena Pacheco Julio Cesar , Lipp Alexander , Nauth Alexander M. , Acke Fabian , Dietz Jule‐Philipp , Opatz Till 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe use of air as the terminal oxidant offers an improved safety profile as compared to reactions using pure oxygen.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand‐Enabled C(sp3)—H Arylation of Piperidine and Tetrahydropyran Derivatives.
Authors: Ye Shengqing , Yang Weibo , Coon Timothy , Fanning Dewey , Neubert Tim , Stamos Dean , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe use of NHC ligands (NAD) and (NTB) renders possible the regio‐ and stereoselective arylation of piperidine (I) and related heterocycles with aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Ni‐Catalyzed Aryl—Alkyl Cross‐Coupling of Secondary Redox‐Active Esters.
Authors: Cornella Josep , Edwards Jacob T. , Qin Tian , Kawamura Shuhei , Wang Jie , Pan Chung‐Mao , Gianatassio Ryan , Schmidt Michael , Eastgate Martin D. , Baran Phil S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSimple alkyl carboxylic acids are coupled with aryl zinc reagents under Ni‐catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric, Three‐Component, One‐Pot Synthesis of Spiropyrazolones and 2,5‐Chromenediones from Aldol Condensation/NHC‐Catalyzed Annulation Reactions.
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Sun , Chauhan Pankaj , Hack Daniel , Philipps Arne R. , Puttreddy Rakesh , Rissanen Kari , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis one‐pot, three‐component diastereo‐ and enantioselective synthesis of spiropyrazolones involves the aldol condensation of an enal to generate α,β‐unsaturated pyrazolones, which react with a second equivalent of enal through an N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed [3+2]annulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N,N,O‐Trisubstituted Hydroxylamines by Stepwise Reduction and Substitution of O‐Acyl N,N‐Disubstituted Hydroxylamines.
Authors: Dhanju Sandeep , Crich David 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn efficient sequence for preparation of the title compounds, a hitherto under‐represented class of compounds, from readily available starting materials is designed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convergent Synthesis of Enantiopure Open‐Chain, Cyclic, and Fluorinated α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Li Shi‐Guang , Portela‐Cubillo Fernando , Zard Samir Z. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis synthesis is based on an intermolecular radical addition strategy which initially furnishes precursors of mercapto amino acids, key substrates in native ligation technology.
ChemInform Abstract: Picolyl Functionalized Chelating N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Activity Towards Suzuki Cross‐Coupling in Water.
Authors: Yang Liangru , Zhang Wenjun , Xiao Yongmei , Mao Pu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe title NHC‐catalyst efficiently catalyzes the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction in water in the presence of K3PO4 as base.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Aryltetralins and 1‐Arylnaphthalenes via [4 + 2] Annulation of β‐Ketosulfones with Styryl Bromides.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Cheng Yu‐Chieh 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA novel method for the preparation of 1‐aryltetralins (IV) and 1‐arylnaphthalenes (VIII) by stereocontrolled NaBH4‐mediated reduction of γ‐alkenones and a subsequent intramolecular annulation of intermediate γ‐alkenols are elaborated.