bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain oxygenation with a non‐vasoactive perfluorocarbon emulsion in a rat model of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Abutarboush Rania , Mullah Saad H. , Saha Biswajit K. , Haque Ashraful , Walker Peter B. , Aligbe Chioma , Pappas Georgina , Tran Ho Lam Thuy Vi , Arnaud Francoise G. , Auker Charles R. , McCarron Richard M. , Scultetus Anke H. , Moon‐Massat Paula 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess, in two experiments, the safety and efficacy of the PFC emulsion Oxycyte as an oxygen therapeutic for TBI to test the hypothesis that early administration of this oxygen‐carrying fluid post‐TBI would improve brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO2).MethodsThe first experiment assessed the effects of Oxycyte on cerebral vasoactivity in healthy, uninjured rats using intravital microscopy. The second experiment investigated the effect of Oxycyte on cerebral PbtO2 using the PQM in TBI model. Animals in the Oxycyte group received a single injection of Oxycyte (6 mL/kg) shortly after TBI, while NON animals received no treatment.ResultsOxycyte did not cause vasoconstriction in small‐ (<50 μm) or medium‐ (50‐100 μm) sized pial arterioles nor did it cause a significant change in blood pressure. Treatment with Oxycyte while breathing 100% O2 did not improve PbtO2. However, in rats ventilated with ~40% O2, PbtO2 improved to near pre‐TBI values within 105 minutes after Oxycyte injection.ConclusionsAlthough Oxycyte did not cause cerebral vasoconstriction, its use at the dose tested while breathing 100% O2 did not improve PbtO2 following TBI. However, Oxycyte treatment while breathing a lower enriched oxygen concentration may improve PbtO2 after TBI.
Dynamical localization of a thylakoid membrane binding protein is required for acquisition of photosynthetic competency
Authors: Gutu Andrian , Chang Frederick , O'Shea Erin K. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryVipp1 is highly conserved and essential for photosynthesis, but its function is unclear as it does not participate directly in light‐dependent reactions. We analyzed Vipp1 localization in live cyanobacterial cells and show that Vipp1 is highly dynamic, continuously exchanging between a diffuse fraction that is uniformly distributed throughout the cell and a punctate fraction that is concentrated at high curvature regions of the thylakoid located at the cell periphery. Experimentally perturbing the spatial distribution of Vipp1 by relocalizing it to the nucleoid causes a severe growth defect during the transition from non‐photosynthetic (dark) to photosynthetic (light) growth. However, the same perturbation of Vipp1 in dark alone or light alone growth conditions causes no growth or thylakoid morphology defects. We propose that the punctuated dynamics of Vipp1 at the cell periphery in regions of high thylakoid curvature enable acquisition of photosynthetic competency, perhaps by facilitating biogenesis of photosynthetic complexes involved in light‐dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Rapid drink challenge test during esophageal high resolution manometry in patients with esophago‐gastric junction outflow obstruction
Authors: Biasutto D. , Mion F. , Garros A. , Roman S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundEsophago‐gastric junction (EGJ) outflow obstruction is of unclear significance. Rapid drink challenge (RDC) test is easy to perform during esophageal high resolution manometry. We aimed to assess the yield of RDC test in patients with EGJ outflow obstruction.MethodsManometry studies of patients with EGJ outflow obstruction according to the Chicago Classification v3.0 were retrospectively reviewed. Pan‐esophageal pressurization (PEP), esophageal shortening, and pressure gradient across the EGJ were analyzed during RDC test (200‐mL free drinking in sitting position) and compared according to the causes of EGJ outflow obstruction determined by charts review.Key ResultsSeventy‐five patients (29 males, mean age 62 years) were included. Causes of EGJ outflow obstruction were previous esophago‐gastric surgery (40%), incomplete form of achalasia (7%), mediastinal neoplasia (7%), other associated conditions (21%), and undetermined (25%). Rapid drink challenge test was successfully performed in 70 patients and associated with PEP and shortening in 41% and 13%, respectively. The causes of EGJ outflow obstruction were similarly distributed in patients with and without PEP during RDC test. Esophageal shortening tended to be more likely in patients with definitive findings of obstruction (achalasia, previous surgery, neoplasia) than in the others. Dysphagia was more severe in patients with PEP and/or shortening during RDC test compared to those without.Conclusions & InferencesPan‐esophageal pressurization and esophageal shortening were associated with symptoms severity but did not predict the cause of this disorder. Further prospective studies are necessary to determine if RDC test could help to select patients who might benefit from treatment.
High intraspecific genome diversity in the model arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis
Authors: Chen Eric C. H. , Morin Emmanuelle , Beaudet Denis , Noel Jessica , Yildirir Gokalp , Ndikumana Steve , Charron Philippe , St‐Onge Camille , Giorgi John , Krüger Manuela , Marton Timea , Ropars Jeanne , Grigoriev Igor V. , Hainaut Matthieu , Henrissat Bernard , Roux Christophe , Martin Francis , Corradi Nicolas 
Published: January 2018

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to improve plant fitness through the establishment of mycorrhizal symbioses. Genetic and phenotypic variations among closely related AMF isolates can significantly affect plant growth, but the genomic changes underlying this variability are unclear.

To address this issue, we improved the genome assembly and gene annotation of the model strain Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198, and compared its gene content with five isolates of R. irregularis sampled in the same field.

All isolates harbor striking genome variations, with large numbers of isolate‐specific genes, gene family expansions, and evidence of interisolate genetic exchange. The observed variability affects all gene ontology terms and PFAM protein domains, as well as putative mycorrhiza‐induced small secreted effector‐like proteins and other symbiosis differentially expressed genes. High variability is also found in active transposable elements.

Overall, these findings indicate a substantial divergence in the functioning capacity of isolates harvested from the same field, and thus their genetic potential for adaptation to biotic and abiotic changes. Our data also provide a first glimpse into the genome diversity that resides within natural populations of these symbionts, and open avenues for future analyses of plant–AMF interactions that link AMF genome variation with plant phenotype and fitness.
Cytokinin signaling: from the ER or from the PM? That is the question!
Authors: Romanov Georgy A. , Lomin Sergey N. , Schmülling Thomas 
Published: January 2018

Content

Summary
41

I.
Introduction
41

II.
Historical outline
42

III.
Recent developments
43

IV.
Towards an integrative concept for cytokinin receptor signaling
48

Acknowledgements
51

References
51

SummaryCytokinin signaling plays an important role in plant growth and development, and therefore its molecular characteristics are under extensive study. One characteristic is the subcellular localization of cytokinin signal initiation. This localization determines both the pathway for hormone delivery to the receptor, as well as molecular aspects of signal transfer to the primary cellular targets. Subcellular sites for the onset of cytokinin signaling are still uncertain and experimental data are in part controversial. A few years ago, cytokinin receptors were shown to be localized predominantly in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and to possess some features, such as their pH activity profile, typical for intracellular proteins. Very recently, new data corroborating the functionality of ER‐located cytokinin receptors were reported. However, other work argued for cytokinin perception to occur at the plasma membrane (PM). Here, we discuss in detail these partially conflicting data and present an integrative model for cytokinin perception and signaling. In our opinion, the prevailing evidence argues for the ER being the predominant site of cytokinin signal perception but also that signal initiation at the PM might be relevant in some circumstances as well. The roles of these pathways in long‐distance, paracrine and autocrine cytokinin signaling are discussed.
Testosterone a key factor in gender related metabolic syndrome
Authors: Bianchi V. E. , Locatelli V. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly correlated with cardiovascular diseases. Although an excess of body fat is a determinant factor for MetS development, a reduced level of testosterone plays a fundamental role in its regulation. Low testosterone level is highly related to insulin resistance, visceral obesity and MetS. We have searched in Pubmed clinical trial with the password: testosterone and insulin resistance, and testosterone and MetS. We found 19 studies on the correlation between testosterone level with insulin resistance and 18 on the effect of testosterone therapy on MetS. A high correlation between low testosterone and insulin resistance has been found in men, but not in women. Testosterone administration in hypogonadal men improved MetS and reduced the mortality risk. Androgen and oestrogen receptors are expressed in adipocytes, muscle and liver tissue, and their activation is necessary to improve metabolic control. Normalization of testosterone level should be the primary treatment in men, along with caloric restriction and physical exercise. These findings come mainly from correlative data, and there remains a need for randomized trials to strengthen this evidence. This review will consider the effects of testosterone on the regulation and development of MetS in men and women.
Medical equipment deployment in pediatric emergency prehospital medical units in Japan
Authors: Kaku Noriyuki , Nitta Masahiko , Muguruma Takashi , Hirata Yuichiro , Tsukahara Kohei , Knaup Emily , Nosaka Nobuyuki , Enomoto Yuki 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe deployment status of pediatric emergency equipment in ambulances in Japan is unknown. To investigate the status of and issues associated with prehospital emergency medical care for pediatric patients, we conducted a descriptive epidemiological study. We carried out a Web‐based survey of 767 fire defense headquarters in Japan, of which 671 responded (valid response rate, 88%). Most of the fire defense headquarters equipped all of their ambulances with oxygen masks (82%), bag‐valve masks (for neonates, 83%; for children, 84%), straight laryngoscope blades (for neonates, 47%; for children 68%), blood pressure cuffs for children (91%), oximeter probes (78%), and stiff neck collars (91%); but despite the need for other equipment such as nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airways, and Magill forceps, they were insufficiently deployed. In Japan, prehospital emergency medical equipment deployment does not meet the needs of pediatric patients. Minimum equipment standards need to be established for pediatric prehospital care.
The use of vascular homografts in pediatric small bowel transplantation: Single‐center experience over a decade
Authors: Kwon Yong K. , Llore Nathaly , Kaufman Stuart S. , Matsumoto Cal S. , Fishbein Thomas M. , Girlanda Raffaele 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntestinal transplantation in children has evolved with more isolated small intestine transplants being performed compared to combined liver‐intestine transplants. Consequently, surgical techniques have changed, frequently requiring the use of vascular homografts of small caliber to revascularize the isolated small intestine, the impact of which on outcomes is unknown. Among 106 pediatric intestine and multivisceral transplants performed at our center since 2003, 33 recipients of an isolated small intestine graft were included in this study. Outcome parameters were thrombotic complications, graft, and patient survival. A total of 29 of 33 (87.9%) patients required arterial and/or venous homografts from the same donor, mainly iliac or carotid artery and iliac or innominate vein, respectively (donor's median age 1.1 years [2 months to 23 years], median weight 10 kg [14.7‐48.5]). Post‐transplant, there were three acute arterial homograft thromboses and one venous thrombosis resulting in two peri‐operative graft salvages and two graft losses. Three of four thromboses occurred in patients with primary hypercoagulable state, including the two graft losses. Overall, at a median of 4.1 years (1‐10.2) from transplant, 29 of 33 (88%) patients are alive with 26 of 33 (79%) functioning grafts. The procurement of intact, size‐matched donor vessels and the management of effective post‐transplant anticoagulation are critical.
Total Factor Productivity in South African Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Kreuser Carl Friedrich , Newman Carol 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe use firm‐level data for the period 2010‐2013 to estimate total factor productivity in the South African manufacturing sector. We examine differences in the level and growth of productivity across manufacturing subsectors and examine the heterogeneity in productivity levels within sectors. We find that productivity grew in most subsectors but that there is heterogeneity across subsectors in the pace of growth. We find that firm size is positively correlated with productivity and its growth rate. We also find that there is a productivity premium associated with engaging in R&D and international trade.
An interesting case of systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient with Moebius syndrome
Authors: Tenorio Jefferson da Rocha , Figueiredo Marília Andrade , Espindula Aline , Gallottini Marina , Ortega Karem López 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTMoebius’ syndrome (MS) is characterized by a nonprogressive facial palsy associated with impairment in eye abduction, which can be uni‐ or bilateral. Some authors raise the possibility that patients with MS may suffer from social stigmatism due to their facial dysmorphism and that constant teasing and bullying perpetrated by people in the same social circle are adjuvants in the development of low self‐esteem, behavioral problems, and even psychiatric disorders. Psychological stress, anxiety, and depression are factors contributing to both development and impairment of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The objective of this work is to report the case of a patient with MS who developed SLE. In the present case report, we have emphasized the importance of both clinical dental examination and surgeon–dentist in the early diagnosis of systemic diseases by considering that these conditions can affect both syndromic and normoreactive patients.
Change Pathways in Indigenous and Nonindigenous Youth Suicide
Authors: Goebert Deborah A. , Hamagami Fumiaki , Hishinuma Earl S. , Chung‐Do Jane J. , Sugimoto‐Matsuda Jeanelle J. 
Published: January 2018

Multivariate dynamic relationships among suicide attempts, anxiety and/or depressive symptoms, hope, and help‐seeking were examined across time in Native Hawaiian and non‐Hawaiian adolescents, using data from a 5‐year longitudinal cohort study (N = 7,317). The rate of suicide attempts decreased over time, but this reduction was significantly less among Native Hawaiian youth than their non‐Hawaiian peers. There were also significant differences between groups in hope and help‐seeking, with Native Hawaiian youth increasing help‐seeking and decreasing hope to a greater degree. Youth‐centered, cultural approaches to suicide prevention are essential in enhancing well‐being in indigenous communities.
Cultural fit of emotions and health implications: A psychosocial resources model
Authors: Yoo Jiah , Miyamoto Yuri 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEmerging evidence on cultural differences in health implications of emotions suggests that the cultural fit of emotions (i.e., accordance with culturally normative and prevalent patterns of emotions) is associated with better health. However, the mechanisms underlying the links between culture, emotions, and health are not clear. In this paper, we propose a psychosocial resources model of cultural fit as an integrative framework to guide the future work in this area. Following the review of cultural differences in emotions, we next review the accumulating evidence showing that culture modulates the link between emotions and health in such a way that the cultural fit of emotions positively predicts health. We then propose that psychosocial resources (e.g., resilience, meaning in life, and social support) play an important role in linking the cultural fit of emotions to health. The psychosocial resources model proposes that the emotion–health link is modulated and sustained via the relevance of emotions to resources and coping in a given cultural context. The model is supported by a line of research suggesting the role of cultural fit in the attainment of resources and another line of research showing the importance of psychosocial resources in health. Lastly, future directions will be discussed for research incorporating culture into the study of emotion and health.
Grounding as a Side‐Effect of Grounding
Authors: Larsson Staffan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn relation to semantics, “grounding” has (at least) two relevant meanings. “Symbol grounding” is the process of connecting symbols (e.g., words) to perception and the world. “Communicative grounding” is the process of interactively adding to common ground in dialog. Strategies for grounding in human communication include, crucially, strategies for resolving troubles caused by various kinds of miscommunication. As it happens, these two processes of grounding are closely related. As a side‐effect of grounding an utterance, dialog participants (DPs) may adjust the meanings they assign to linguistic expressions, in a process of semantic coordination. Meanings of at least some expressions (e.g., concrete nouns) include perceptual aspects which enable DPs to classify entities as falling under the expression or not based on their perception of those entities. We show how perceptual grounding of symbols can be achieved in a process of interactively adding to common ground. This requires that perceptual aspects of meaning can be updated as a result of participating in linguistic interaction, thereby enabling fine‐grained semantic coordination of perceptually grounded linguistic meanings. A formal semantics for low‐level perceptual aspects of meaning is presented, tying these together with the logical‐inferential aspects of meaning traditionally studied in formal semantics. The key idea is to model perceptual meanings as classifiers of perceptual input. This requires a framework where intensions are (a) represented independently of extensions, and (b) structured objects which can be modified as a result of learning. We use Type Theory with Records (TTR), a formal semantics framework which starts from the idea that information and meaning are founded on our ability to perceive and classify the world, that is, to perceive objects and situations as being of types. As an example of our approach, we show how a simple classifier of spatial information based on the Perceptron can be cast in TTR.
Effect on transcriptome and metabolome of stacked transgenic maize containing insecticidal cry and glyphosate tolerance epsps genes
Authors: Wang Xu‐jing , Zhang Xin , Yang Jiang‐tao , Wang Zhi‐xing 
Published: January 2018

SummaryGene stacking is a developing trend in agricultural biotechnology. Unintended effects in stacked transgenic plants are safety issues considered by the public and researchers. Omics techniques provide useful tools to assess unintended effects. In this paper, stacked transgenic maize 12‐5×IE034 that contained insecticidal cry and glyphosate tolerance G10‐epsps genes was obtained by crossing of transgenic maize varieties 12‐5 and IE034. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed for different maize varieties, including 12‐5×IE034, 12‐5, IE034, and conventional varieties collected from different provinces in China. The transcriptome results were as follows. The nine maize varieties had obvious differences in gene expression. There were 3561–5538 differentially expressed genes between 12‐5×IE034 and its parents and transgenic receptor, which were far fewer than the number of differentially expressed genes in different traditional maize varieties. Cluster analysis indicated that there were close relationships between 12‐5×IE034 and its parents. The metabolome results were as follows. For the nine detected maize varieties, the number of different metabolites ranged from 0 to 240. Compared with its parents, 12‐5 and IE034, the hybrid variety 12‐5×IE034 had 15 and 112 different metabolites, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis with Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the differences between 12‐5×IE034 and its parents were fewer than those between other maize varieties. Shikimate pathway‐related genes and metabolites analysis results showed that the effects of hybrid stacking are less than those from transformation and differing genotypes. Thus, the differences due to breeding stack were fewer than those due to natural variation among maize varieties. This paper provides scientific data for assessing unintended effects in stacked transgenic plants.
Invasion process and potential spread ofAmaranthus retroflexusin China
Authors: Qin Z , Zhang J‐E , Jiang Y‐P , Wei H , Wang F‐G , Lu X‐N 
Published: January 2018

SummaryAmaranthus retroflexus, a troublesome agricultural weed native to North America, has expanded its distribution in large areas of China since its introduction around 1905. Geographical interpretation of changes in their distribution ranges could provide valuable insights on its spatiotemporal invasion patterns and could be used to predict the extent of its future spread. Based on compiled historical distribution occurrences ofA. retroflexusin North American and Chinese ranges, invaded ecological niche models for three hypothetical invasion stages were developed. Native models on the basis of all available records within the North American range were also generated for reciprocal comparison with the invaded model. Climate similarity between native and invasive ranges was also investigated.Amaranthus retroflexushas exhibited a rapid and large range expansion after about a 50‐year lag, especially in central and western China. It established a relative stable distribution in the 1960s and has been undergoing a more continuous westward expansion since then. PresentlyA. retroflexushas not yet reached full occupancy of suitable habitats in China. The results highlight prioritising habitats in south‐western China for monitoring and control to prevent its further spread.