bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Daily or Cyclic Teriparatide on Bone Formation in the Iliac Crest in Women on No Prior Therapy and in Women on Alendronate
Authors: Dempster David W , Cosman Felicia , Zhou Hua , Nieves Jeri W , Bostrom Mathias , Lindsay Robert 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

There is little information on the effects of combination therapy for osteoporosis at the tissue level. Using quadruple tetracycline-labeled bone biopsies, we have compared the bone formation response to teriparatide (TPTD) in treatment-naïve subjects (Rx-Naïve) and in subjects on prior and ongoing alendronate (ALN) treatment (ALN-Rx). Three bone envelopes were analyzed: cancellous, endocortical, and intracortical. TPTD was given as a standard, continuous daily injection or as a cyclic regimen (3 months on daily TPTD, 3 months off, 3 months on daily TPTD). Subjects were biopsied at 7 weeks and at 7 months to allow comparison of the bone formation response to the first and second cycles of TPTD. Baseline values for dynamic bone formation indices were lower in ALN-Rx than Rx-Naïve subjects. Both Rx-Naïve and ALN-RX subjects responded to TPTD with significant increases in bone formation indices at both time points. With cyclic TPTD treatment, the first and second cycles of TPTD stimulated bone formation rate in the cancellous and endocortical envelopes to a similar extent in ALN-Rx and Rx-Naïve subjects. However, in Rx-Naïve patients, bone formation rate (BFR/BS) was higher in patients receiving daily treatment compared with those receiving cyclic TPTD treatment in all three envelopes in the 7-month biopsies. This suggests that the cyclic approach does not provide a skeletal benefit in treatment-naive patients. In the 7-month biopsies, cortical porosity was higher in the Rx-Naïve group receiving daily TPTD than in all other groups. These data provide supporting evidence at the tissue level for previous biochemical and densitometric data suggesting that addition of either cyclic or daily TPTD to ongoing ALN treatment may be an effective approach for patients with severe osteoporosis already treated with ALN who remain at high risk of fracture. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Handling and Apoptotic Resistance in Tumor‐Derived Endothelial Colony Forming Cells
Authors: Poletto Valentina , Dragoni Silvia , Lim Dmitry , Biggiogera Marco , Aronica Adele , Cinelli Mariapia , De Luca Antonio , Rosti Vittorio , Porta Camillo , Guerra Germano , Moccia Francesco 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTTruly endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can be mobilized from bone marrow to support the vascular network of growing tumors, thereby sustaining the metastatic switch. Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) are the only EPC subtype belonging to the endothelial phenotype and capable of incorporating within neovessels. The intracellular Ca2+ machinery plays a key role in ECFC activation and is remodeled in renal cellular carcinoma‐derived ECFCs (RCC‐ECFCs). Particularly, RCC‐ECFCs seems to undergo a drop in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]ER). This feature is remarkable when considering that inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate (InsP3)‐dependent ER‐to‐mitochondria Ca2+ transfer regulates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Herein, we sought to assess whether: (1) the [Ca2+]ER and the InsP3‐induced ER‐mitochondria Ca2+ shuttle are reduced in RCC‐ECFCs; and (2) the dysregulation of ER Ca2+ handling leads to apoptosis resistance in tumor‐derived cells. RCC‐ECFCs displayed a reduction both in [Ca2+]ER and in the InsP3‐dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, while they expressed normal levels of Bcl‐2 and Bak. The decrease in [Ca2+]ER was associated to a remarkable ER expansion in RCC‐ECFCs, which is a hallmark of ER stress, and did not depend on the remodeling of the Ca2+‐transporting and the ER Ca2+‐storing systems. As expected, RCC‐ECFCs were less sensitive to rapamycin‐ and thapsigargin‐induced apoptosis; however, buffering intracellular Ca2+ levels with BAPTA dampened apoptosis in both cell types. Finally, store‐operated Ca2+ entry was seemingly uncoupled from the apoptotic machinery in RCC‐ECFCs. Thus, the chronic underfilling of the ER Ca2+ pool could confer a survival advantage to RCC‐ECFCs and underpin RCC resistance to pharmacological treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2260–2271, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of Monte Carlo Simulations to Determine Optimal Carbapenem Dosing in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Prolonged Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Lewis Susan J. , Kays Michael B. , Mueller Bruce A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses with Monte Carlo simulations (MCSs) can be used to integrate prior information on model parameters into a new renal replacement therapy (RRT) to develop optimal drug dosing when pharmacokinetic trials are not feasible. This study used MCSs to determine initial doripenem, imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem dosing regimens for critically ill patients receiving prolonged intermittent RRT (PIRRT). Published body weights and pharmacokinetic parameter estimates (nonrenal clearance, free fraction, volume of distribution, extraction coefficients) with variability were used to develop a pharmacokinetic model. MCS of 5000 patients evaluated multiple regimens in 4 different PIRRT effluent/duration combinations (4 L/h × 10 hours or 5 L/h × 8 hours in hemodialysis or hemofiltration) occurring at the beginning or 14–16 hours after drug infusion. The probability of target attainment (PTA) was calculated using ≥40% free serum concentrations above 4 times the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the first 48 hours. Optimal doses were defined as the smallest daily dose achieving ≥90% PTA in all PIRRT combinations. At the MIC of 2 mg/L for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, optimal doses were doripenem 750 mg every 8 hours, imipenem 1 g every 8 hours or 750 mg every 6 hours, and meropenem 1 g every 12 hours or 1 g pre‐ and post‐PIRRT. Ertapenem 500 mg followed by 500 mg post‐PIRRT was optimal at the MIC of 1 mg/L for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Incorporating data from critically ill patients receiving RRT into MCS resulted in markedly different carbapenem dosing regimens in PIRRT from those recommended for conventional RRTs because of the unique drug clearance characteristics of PIRRT. These results warrant clinical validation.
Screening of soil bacteria as potential agents for drugs biodegradation: a case study with clofibric acid
Authors: Popa Ungureanu Claudia , Favier Lidia , Bahrim Gabriela 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDClofibric acid (CLF), the main pharmacologically active metabolite of blood lipid regulating pharmaceutical clofibrat, etofibrat, etofyllinclofibrat is one of the most widely reported drugs found in water. It is hardly or not degraded by the conventional technology used in wastewater treatment plants.RESULTSSixteen new filamentous bacteria belonging to genus Streptomyces spp. isolated from different Romanian soil samples and three strains from a collection of microorganisms (MIUG) were morphologically characterized, tested based on their resistance against clofibric acid toxicity and then investigated as bioremediation agents. Only five Streptomyces spp. isolates coded MIUG 4.88, MIUG 4.89, LP1, LP2, SNA, showed high CLF tolerance at most of the concentrations tested (0.2, 0.5, 1, 5, 8 mg L−1).CONCLUSIONThe data obtained showed that only the strain Streptomyces MIUG 4.89 presents promising potential for clofibric acid biodegradation, with an elimination yield of 35%, which was not reported for this class of bacteria to date. However, further research is needed for optimization of the CLF biodegradation conditions to enhance its bioremediation yield especially in polluted aquatic systems. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A new approach for kLa determination by gassing‐out method in pneumatic bioreactors
Authors: Cerri Marcel Otavio , Nordi Esperança Mateus , Colli Badino Alberto , Perencin de Arruda Ribeiro Marcelo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDDetermination of the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) is very important for bioreactor design and process analysis. Among all the methods available, the gassing‐out technique is one of the simplest and most widely used for this task. However, this method is very sensitive to the probe dynamics (due to delay effects), which can lead to inaccuracy in the kLa determination. This is especially pronounced for airlift bioreactors, where the circulation time affects the initial dynamics of the assay (a transient effect). In the present work, a new method for kLa determination is proposed.RESULTSValues of kLa and the electrode response time (τe) were determined experimentally, employing the traditional gassing‐out method and the method proposed here. The latter was shown to be reliable, easier to apply, and suitable for the simultaneous determination of kLa and electrode sensitivity (ke = 1/τe), without any need for additional assays.CONCLUSIONThe new method overcomes the effects of probe delay on kLa determination, making the procedure faster and simpler. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Heterologous expression and characterisation of the Aspergillus aspartic protease involved in the hydrolysis and decolorisation of red‐pigmented proteins
Authors: Takenaka Shinji , Umeda Mayo , Senba Hisanori , Koyama Dai , Tanaka Kosei , Yoshida Ken‐ichi , Doi Mikiharu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAspergillus repens strain MK82 produces an aspartic protease (PepA_MK82) that efficiently decolorises red‐pigmented proteins during dried bonito fermentation. However, further expansion of the industrial applications of PepA_MK82 requires the high‐level production and efficient preparation of the recombinant enzyme.RESULTSThe genomic DNA and cDNA fragments encoding the protease were cloned from strain MK82 and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of PepA_MK82 and comparisons with previously reported fungal aspartic proteases showed that PepA_MK 82 clusters with different groups of these enzymes. Heterologous expression of PepA_MK82 in Pichia pastoris yielded preparations of higher purity than obtained with an Escherichia coli expression system. Total protease activity in a 100‐mL culture of the P. pastoris transformant was 14 times higher than that from an equivalent culture of A. repense MK82. The recombinant PepA_MK82 was easily obtained via acetone precipitation; the final recovery was 83%. PepA_MK82 and its recombinant had similar characteristics in terms of their optimal pH, thermostability, and decolorisation activity. The recombinant was also able to decolorise flaked, dried bonito and to bleach a blood‐stained cloth.CONCLUSIONGiven its ability to hydrolyse and decolorise red‐pigmented proteins, recombinant PepA_MK8 can be exploited in the food industry and as a stain‐removal agent in laundry applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Sexual Trauma and Adverse Health and Occupational Outcomes Among Men Serving in the U.S. Military
Authors: Millegan Jeffrey , Wang Lawrence , LeardMann Cynthia A. , Miletich Derek , Street Amy E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAlthough absolute counts of U.S. service men who experience sexual trauma are comparable to service women, little is known about the impact of sexual trauma on men. The association of recent sexual trauma (last 3 years) with health and occupational outcomes was investigated using longitudinal data (2004–2013) from the Millennium Cohort Study. Of 37,711 service men, 391 (1.0%) reported recent sexual harassment and 76 (0.2%) sexual assault. In multivariable models, sexual harassment or assault, respectively, was associated with poorer mental health: AOR = 1.60, 95% CI [1.22, 2.12], AOR = 4.39, 95% CI [2.40, 8.05]; posttraumatic stress disorder: AOR = 2.50, 95% CI [1.87, 3.33], AOR = 6.63, 95% CI [3.65, 12.06]; depression: AOR = 2.37, 95% CI [1.69, 3.33], AOR = 5.60, 95% CI [2.83, 11.09]; and multiple physical symptoms: AOR = 2.22, 95% CI [1.69, 2.92]; AOR = 3.57, 95% CI [1.98, 6.42], after adjustment for relevant covariates. Sexual harassment was also associated with poorer physical health: AOR = 1.68, 95% CI [1.27, 2.22]. Men who reported sexual trauma were more likely to have left military service: AOR = 1.60, 95% CI [1.14, 2.24], and be disabled/unemployed postservice: AOR = 1.76, 95% CI [1.02, 3.02]. Results suggest that sexual trauma was significantly associated with adverse health and functionality extending to postmilitary life. Findings support the need for developing better prevention strategies and services to reduce the burden of sexual trauma on service men.
How Much Can We Coarse‐Grain while Retaining the Chemical Specificity? A Study of Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone)
Authors: Tripathy Madhusmita , Deshpande Abhijit P. , Kumar Palakurissi B. Sunil 
Published: February 2016

For mesoscale structural studies of polymers, obtaining maximum level of coarse‐graining that maintains the chemical specificity is highly desirable. Here we present a systematic coarse‐graining study of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone), sPEEK, and show that a 71:3 coarse‐grained (CG) mapping is the maximum possible map within a CG bead‐spring model. We perform single chain atomistic simulation on the system to collect various structural distributions, against which the CG potentials are optimized using iterative Boltzmann inversion technique. The potentials thus extracted are shown to reproduce the target distributions for larger single chains as well as for multiple chains. The structure at the atomistic level is shown to be preserved when we back‐map the CG system to re‐introduce the atomistic details. By using the same CG mapping for another repeat unit sequence of sPEEK, we show that the nature of the effective interaction at the CG level depends strongly on the polymer sequence and cannot be assumed based on the nature of the corresponding atomistic unit. These CG potentials will be the key to future mesoscopic simulations to study the structure of sPEEK based polymer electrolyte membranes.image
Interleaved multivoxel 31P MR spectroscopy
Authors: Niess Fabian , Fiedler Georg B. , Schmid Albrecht I. , Goluch Sigrun , Kriegl Roberta , Wolzt Michael , Moser Ewald , Meyerspeer Martin 
Published: February 2016

PurposeSeparate measurements are required when investigating multiple exercising muscles with singlevoxel‐localized dynamic 31P‐MRS. With multivoxel spectroscopy, 31P‐MRS time‐series spectra are acquired from multiple independent regions during one exercise‐recovery experiment with the same time resolution as for singlevoxel measurements.MethodsMultiple independently selected volumes were localized using temporally interleaved semi‐LASER excitations at 7T. Signal loss caused by mutual saturation from shared excitation or refocusing slices was quantified at partial and full overlap, and potential contamination was investigated in phantom measurements. During an exercise‐recovery experiment both gastrocnemius medialis and soleus of two healthy volunteers were measured using multivoxel acquisitions with a total TR of 6 s, while avoiding overlap of excitation slices.ResultsSignal reduction by shared adiabatic refocusing slices selected 1 s after the preceding voxel was between 10% (full overlap) and 20% (half overlap), in a phantom measurement. In vivo data were acquired from both muscles within the same exercise experiment, with 13–18% signal reduction. Spectra show phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate, adenosine‐triposphate, phosphomonoesters, and phosphodiesters.ConclusionSignal decrease was relatively low compared to the 2‐fold increase in information. The approach could help to improve the understanding in metabolic research and is applicable to other organs and nuclei. Magn Reson Med 77:921–927, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Modulus‐based matrix splitting iteration methods for a class of implicit complementarity problems
Authors: Hong Jun‐Tao , Li Chen‐Liang 
Published: February 2016

SummarySome modulus‐based matrix splitting iteration methods for a class of implicit complementarity problem are presented, and their convergence analysis is given. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical analysis and show that the proposed methods are efficient. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How Did They Grow: An Intervention to Reduce Stunted Growth in Low‐Income Mexican‐American Children
Authors: Reifsnider Elizabeth , Shin Cha‐Nam , Todd Michael , Jeong Mihyun , Gallagher Martina , Moramarco Michael 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGrowth stunting is a complex phenomenon related to undernutrition that can contribute to developmental delay, cognitive deficits, and small size and obesity in adulthood. Stunted growth, defined as height for age below the 5th percentile, is primarily caused by chronic malnutrition. In this study, a community‐based intervention to reduce undernutrition was tested in a quasi‐experimental design with 174 low‐income, Mexican‐American mothers and children recruited from a Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinic in a major southwestern city. The intervention was based on the public health nursing practice of collaborating with mothers of young children on appropriate nutrition and parenting, and was tailored by the author and community informants for mothers of children with stunted growth. Data were collected on child height and weight, dietary intake, maternal acculturation, maternal perceived stress as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), home environment as measured by the home screening questionnaire (HSQ), and maternal–child interaction as measured by the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS). Intervention children had higher growth velocity than the children in the comparison group. These findings were especially prominent for children of women who were older and less acculturated. Results suggest that a nursing intervention delivered in collaboration with WIC can make a significant improvement in growth of low‐income children with growth stunting. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The apple of their eye: Attitudinal and behavioral correlates of parents’ perceptions of child obesity
Authors: Lydecker Janet A. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveThis study addressed gaps in the existing literature about correlates of parental perception of child weight using a community sample. This study evaluated how weight‐status and its perception related to parents’ personal and parenting attitudes/behaviors.Design and MethodsParticipants were parents (N = 1,007; 65.3% mothers, 34.4% fathers) of children 5 to 15 years old. Parents completed online measures of personal eating attitudes/behaviors, attitudes/behaviors about their children's eating and weight, and parental practices related to weight‐related attitudes.ResultsParents frequently underestimated children's overweight/obesity, even more frequently than their own overweight/obesity (P < 0.001). Parents’ personal eating attitudes/behaviors were related to their own weight‐status (P < 0.001) and perceived child weight‐status (P < 0.001) but not actual child weight‐status. Parents’ child‐focused eating attitudes/behaviors were related to actual (P < 0.001) and perceived child weight‐status (P < 0.001), but not parent weight‐status.ConclusionsIn general, parents’ personal attitudes/behaviors did not extend into their perceptions of their children's weight or their response to it. Results suggest a dual need to improve parent accuracy perceiving children's overweight/obesity and to guide parent responses to perceived overweight/obesity. Given the high prevalence of childhood obesity, and the serious consequences during childhood and into adulthood, further research is needed to enhance understanding of parents’ specific needs to engage in prevention and treatment programs.
Differences in weight change trajectory patterns in a publicly funded adult weight management centre
Authors: Kuk J. L. , Wharton S. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo describe differences in weight loss (WL) trajectory patterns at a publicly funded clinical weight management centre.MethodsGroups with differences in the attainment of a 5% total body WL and percentage WL patterns over time were identified in 7,121 patients who attended a physician lead multi‐disciplinary clinical lifestyle weight management that predominantly focused on education and diet counselling. Resultant health differences were examined.ResultsPatients had 3.2 ± 6.3%WL with 35% of patients achieving and maintaining a 5%WL. Half of these patients achieved the 5%WL within 6 months, while the other half had a more gradual approach. Another 10% achieved 5%WL, but regained weight after 6 months. There were seven distinct WL patterns identified: LargeWL (Mean WL: 21.2 ± 8.1%; Probability of group membership (PGM): 2.4%), ModerateWL (15.1 ± 5.1%WL; 5.4%PGM), SlowWL (6.7 ± 3.2%WL; 20.1%PGM) and MinimalWL (2.4 ± 2.2%WL; 34.6%PGM), WL Regain (9.4 ± 3.5%WL; 8.2%PGM), Weight Stable (1.2 ± 3.2%WL; 28.5%PGM) and Weight Gain (18.4 ± 11.2%WG; 0.8%PGM) groups. Improvements in blood pressure, lipids and glucose were generally related to the magnitude of WL achieved more than the pattern or speed of WL.ConclusionsThere are large differences in the absolute WL attained and the pattern of WL during a publicly funded weight management program. Changes in clinical health markers appear to be more strongly related with the absolute WL attained as opposed to patterns of weight change. © 2016 The Authors. Obesity Science & Practice published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, World Obesity and The Obesity Society.
Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Timing of Relapse and Overall Survival for Children Treated on Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium Protocols (2000–2010)
Authors: Bona Kira , Blonquist Traci M. , Neuberg Donna S. , Silverman Lewis B. , Wolfe Joanne 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundPopulation‐based evidence suggests that lower socioeconomic status (SES) negatively impacts the overall survival (OS) of children with leukemia; however, the relationships between SES and treatment‐related mortality, relapse, and timing of relapse remain unclear.ProcedureWe examined OS, event‐free survival (EFS) and cumulative incidence (CI) and timing of relapse by community‐level poverty for 575 children aged 1–18 years with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated on consecutive phase III multicenter Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium Protocols between 2000 and 2010. Children were categorized into high‐ and low‐poverty areas for the analysis using aggregate U.S. Census data linked to zip code.ResultsChildren living in high‐poverty areas experienced a 5‐year OS of 85% as compared with 92% for those in low‐poverty areas (P = 0.02); poverty remained marginally significant (P = 0.07) after adjustment for immunophenotype, age, and white blood cell count. There were no differences detected in EFS or CI relapse by poverty area. However, 92% of the relapses observed in children from high‐poverty areas occurred <36 months from complete remission, compared to 48% of those in children from low‐poverty areas (P = 0.008).ConclusionsU.S. children with ALL living in high‐poverty areas have a higher risk of early relapse when compared with those living in low‐poverty areas despite uniform treatment. This may in part explain decreased OS observed in these children. This finding highlights disparities in childhood cancer outcomes by SES despite uniform treatment. Further investigations of the mechanistic pathways underlying this finding are needed.