bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Do Consumers Describe Cannabis? Using a Sorting Task to Create a Lexicon to Describe Cannabis
Authors: Gorman Mackenzie , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCannabis consumers' preference while selecting cannabis products, specifically dried flower, has been undergoing a drastic change as more consumers have begun considering the impact that flavor has on their purchasing intent of different cannabis species (including Indica, Sativa, and or hybrid varieties). As such, the objective of this study was to quantify consumers' sensory perceptions of cannabis strains currently on the market. The researchers used Natural Language Processing (NLP) and online North American cannabis retailers, cannabis user reviews, and other informative cannabis websites to identify 107 different descriptors. Cannabis consumers (n = 123) were asked to complete a free word sorting task on the 107 most frequently cited sensory descriptors identified using NLP, as well as identify which attributes they associated with high and low‐quality cannabis. The consumers sorted the descriptors into 10 different categories (fruit, berry/dried fruit, savory, floral, spices, spicy, potent, smoke, roasted, and confectionary). As the cannabis market continues to grow and mature in North America, this study presents a baseline of how consumers describe different cannabis varieties.
APPLICATION OF BENZOCARBAZOLE MOLECULAR MIGRATION MARKERS IN RECONSTRUCTING RESERVOIR FILLING AT THE SOLVEIG FIELD, NORWEGIAN NORTH SEA
Authors: Garlichs Thorsten Uwe , di Primio Rolando , Schwark Lorenz 
Published: September 2024

Benzocarbazole (BC) migration tracers were used to investigate the complex filling of reservoir segments at the Solveig field in the Norwegian North Sea. The study suggests that the benzocarbazole ratio [a]/([a]+[c]) of crude oils and extracts decreases with inferred increasing migration distance. The complex filling history of the Solveig field is evident from the observation of variable degrees of palaeo biodegradation associated with two palaeo oil‐water contacts in residual oil zones below non‐ to moderately biodegraded live oil columns. Live oil properties also vary significantly across the field. Benzocarbazole ratios (BCRs) obtained from oils and reservoir core extracts appear not to be affected by biodegradation and indicate a migration and filling trend from NW to SE. The BCR values were set by the initial phase of filling and do not show any overprint effects as a result of later and more mature oil charges.BCRs from both oils and extracts of reservoir cores, particularly those composed of clean sands, helped to reconstruct migration processes in the Solveig field. Migration is construed to have first filled reservoir segment D in the NW of the field and to have continued further east towards segment C, and then via segment B and finally into segment A. Migration then continued along the southern margin of the Haugaland High to a well location to the east of the Solveig field. A fractionation effect for benzocarbazoles derived from oils versus those from extracts was noted and was attributed to differential partitioning behavior. Nevertheless, spatial trends for oil‐ and extract‐derived BCRs were congruent. This allowed the generation of spatially more highly‐resolved benzocarbazole datasets for migration assessment by combining data from both samples types (oil and reservoir extracts) if partitioning is accounted for.
STRATIGRAPHY AND DIAGENESIS OF THE THAMAMA‐B RESERVOIR ZONE AND ITS SURROUNDING DENSE ZONES IN ABU DHABI OILFIELDS AND EQUIVALENT OMAN OUTCROPS
Authors: Ehrenberg S. N. , Neilson J. E. , Gomez‐Rivas E. , Oxtoby N. H. , Jayachandran I.S.A.J. , Adlan Q. , Vahrenkamp V. C. 
Published: September 2024

We review published studies characterizing the Thamama‐B reservoir zone in the upper Kharaib Formation (late Barremian) in Abu Dhabi oilfields and at outcrops in Oman. Available data for oxygen and carbon isotope compositions, fluid inclusion measurements, cement abundance and formation water composition are interpreted in terms of a paragenetic model for the Thamama‐B in field F in Abu Dhabi where the interval is deeply buried. The present synthesis provides a useful basis for understanding and predicting reservoir quality in static models and undrilled prospects, as well as for planning promising directions for further research. The goals of this study were to summarize the geologic setting and petrology of the Thamama‐B reservoir and its surrounding dense zones, and to examine how sedimentology, stratigraphy and diagenesis have interacted to control porosity and permeability. Results that may have useful applications for similar microporous limestone reservoirs in general include:
the depositional environments and stratigraphy of the subject strata;
a model for how porosity variations result mainly from calcite cementation sourced from stylolites, with little dependence on lithofacies other than the localization of chemical compaction by depositional clay linked to sequence stratigraphy;
the use of solidity (rock thickness with porosity removed) as a check on porosity creation by burial dissolution;
observations linking high‐permeability streaks with storm lag beds and fractures;
the concept of strata being gradually buried through a relatively static salinity‐stratified water column;
integration of conventional and clumped stable‐isotope data with petrologic observations to constrain the timing of porosity evolution.
GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES OF EOCENE OILS IN DEEPLY BURIED SANDSTONE RESERVOIRS IN THE DONGYING DEPRESSION, BOHAI BAY BASIN, NE CHINA
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxiao , Li Xiaojun , Song Xu , Li Yuzhi , Wang Xuejun , Han Ke , Yan Haiqing 
Published: September 2024

We report the results of organic geochemical analyses of 19 crude oil samples from reservoir sandstones in the 4th Member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation from wells in the Minfeng Sag, Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin (NE China). In addition, 42 Shahejie Formation core samples of dark‐coloured mudstones, including 28 extracts, were analysed. Geochemical data included Rock‐Eval measurements, gas chromatography, GC‐MS and diamondoid analyses.Maceral analyses showed that mudstones in the 4th Member of the Shahejie Formation (“Es4”) contain Types I and II1 kerogen. The member can be divided into upper (Es4s) and lower (Es4x) intervals. Oil‐prone Es4s rock samples have good to excellent hydrocarbon‐generating potential based on calculated initial TOC values; Rock‐Eval Tmax values indicate that they are sufficiently mature for hydrocarbon generation. Analytical results suggest that both Es4s and Es4x mudrocks are potential source rocks for oils produced at fields in the Minfeng Sag.Analysed crude oils from the Minfeng Sag were classified into three genetic groups. Group I oils are mature to highly mature and have undergone a moderate degree of thermal cracking. They are characterized by a low β‐carotane/nC25 ratio and C30 4‐methylsterane index (4MI); high values of oleanane index (oleanane /C30‐hopane), C27 diasterane/C27 regular sterane (C27Dia/C27), regular sterane/17α hopane and gammacerane/C30 hopane (G/H); and medium pristane/phytane ratios (Pr/Ph). This suggests that Group I oils are mostly derived from source rocks in the upper part of the Es4x unit which are interbedded with evaporites. Group II oils are mature and have high 4MI and Pr/Ph ratios, low oleanane index, regular sterane/17α hopane and C27Dia/C27 ratios, and mediumβ‐carotane/nC25 and G/H. These features are similar to those of Es4s source rocks, indicating their genetic correlation. Group III oils show the lowest maturity and highβ‐carotane/nC25 and regular sterane/17α hopane, and low oleanane index, Pr/Ph and 4MI. Previously‐published data indicates that oils similar to those in Group III were mainly sourced by Es4s mudstones.
A case report of minimal change disease associated with Kimura disease complicated by optic neuritis
Authors: Tanemoto Fumiaki , Mimura Imari , Nangaku Masaomi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractKimura disease (KD) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease that typically presents with soft subcutaneous granulomas in the head and neck regions characterized by elevated blood eosinophils and immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, whose aetiology remains poorly elucidated. Minimal change disease (MCD) has been reported as one of the renal manifestations that KD can present with, indicating that they may share a common pathology. Herein we describe a case of recurrent MCD associated with KD. During a follow‐up period of 15 years, MCD recurred three times with increased disease activity of KD as reflected by flares of skin lesions and elevated peripheral eosinophils, and responded well to increased doses of prednisolone and cyclosporin. Notably, visual field defects in his right monocular vision appeared at the time of third recurrence of MCD, leading to the diagnosis of optic neuritis (ON). Optic nerve involvement associated with KD is extremely rare, and this case is noteworthy in that inflammation in the optic nerve was observed at the time of MCD recurrence with increased disease activity of KD, suggesting the existence of a common pathology between KD, MCD, and ON. In patients with KD, an imbalance of T helper (Th) cells with Th2 cells predominating over Th1 cells is observed, which results in hyperIgEemia and eosinophilia. This Th2‐predominant immunological status in KD considered to predispose to MCD may also predispose to ON. MCD with a background of Th2‐predominant immune state may require attention to the possibility of complication of ON.
Challenges and peculiarities of nursing activities in intermediate care units compared with internal medicine wards: A prospective study
Authors: Sibilio Serena , Zaboli Arian , Parodi Marta , Ferretto Paolo , Milazzo Daniela , Trentin Monica , Stefani Francesca , Mantiero Elisa , Brigo Francesco , Marchetti Massimo , Turcato Gianni 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntermediate Care Units (IMCs) are specialized facilities located within other departments in many Western countries. They are designed to manage patients with conditions that are not severe enough to require an intensive care unit. IMCs aim to fill the gap between regular wards and intensive care units, necessitating an adequate allocation of nursing resources.AimsThe aims of the study are to (1) evaluate and compare the nursing workload for patients admitted to a regular ward or to an IMC; (2) quantify nursing workload in terms of activities and time spent to perform them; and (3) evaluate which patient characteristics predict nursing work overload.Study Design and MethodsThis is an observational, prospective, single‐centre study. We included patients admitted to the Internal Medicine department in a general hospital in Italy, between 1 September and 31 December 2022, either in the regular ward or in the IMC. Clinical characteristics, comorbidity, functionality, frailty, severity and acuity of patients were recorded using validated assessment tools. Nursing activities in the first 3 days of hospitalization were recorded and standardized as activities/5 min/patient/day. An average number of nursing activities/5 min/patient/day exceeding the 85th percentile was considered nursing work overload. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to identify patient‐related risk factors associated with nursing work overload.ResultsWe included 333 patients, 55% (183/333) admitted to the IMC and 45% (150/333) to the regular ward. In the IMC, the average nursing activities were 32.4/5 min/patient/day compared with 22.6 in the regular ward. Nursing work overload was found in 6% (9/150) of patients admitted to the regular ward compared with 23% (42/183) in the IMC.ConclusionThere is a significantly higher demand for nursing care among patients in the IMC, with higher daily average of nursing activities.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe allocation of nursing resources within the IMC should be greater than in the regular ward because of higher workload.
The Puccinia striiformis effector Pst11215 manipulates mitochondria to suppress host immunity by promoting TaVDIP1‐mediated ubiquitination of TaVDAC1
Authors: Pan Qinglin , Zhang Yueyang , Yang Yang , Qiao Yixin , Qian Yingrui , Wang Jinmian , Wang Xiaojie , Kang Zhensheng , Liu Jie 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Mitochondria‐induced cell death is closely correlated with plant immune responses against pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms by which pathogens manipulate mitochondria to suppress host resistance remain poorly understood.

In this study, a haustorium‐specific effector Pst11215 from the wheat stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) was characterized by host‐induced gene silencing. The interaction partners regulated by Pst11215 were screened using the yeast two‐hybrid system. In addition, Pst11215‐mediated immune regulation modes were further determined.

The results showed that Pst11215 was required for Pst virulence. Pst11215 interacted with the wheat voltage‐dependent anion channel TaVDAC1, the negative regulator of wheat resistance to stripe rust, in mitochondria. Furthermore, the E3 ubiquitin ligase TaVDIP1 targeted and ubiquitinated TaVDAC1, which can be promoted by Pst11215. TaVDIP1 conferred enhanced wheat susceptibility to Pst by cooperating with TaVDAC1. Overexpression of TaVDIP1 reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and abnormal mitochondria.

Our study revealed that Pst11215 functions as an important pathogenicity factor secreted to the host mitochondria to compromise wheat resistance to Pst possibly by facilitating TaVDIP1‐mediated ubiquitination of TaVDAC1, thereby protecting mitochondria from ROS‐induced impairment. This research unveils a novel regulation mode of effectors hijacking host mitochondria to contribute to pathogen infection.
QURAYYAH PAINTED WARE OUTSIDE THE HEJAZ: EVIDENCE OF A COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE IN THE LATE BRONZE AND EARLY IRON AGES?
Authors: Kleiman Assaf , Kleiman Sabine , Ben‐Yosef Erez 
Published: September 2024

SummaryQurayyah Painted Ware (QPW) is the most solid evidence of contacts between the Hejaz and the southern Levant in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages. However, even after decades of research, there is still much uncertainty regarding the chronology of these contacts and their nature. Here, we present an exceptionally rich collection of QPW fragments documented recently in the copper smelting sites of the Timna Valley. We argue that the distribution of this painted ware in the southern Levant extended from the early thirteenth to ninth centuries BC and that its prominent presence in industrial contexts in the Aravah Valley is related to the transmission of metallurgical ‘know‐how’ from the Hejaz, which included rituals in which QPW vessels took part. While the original exchange probably involved craftspeople from the Hejaz in the Aravah's metalworking, the continuous use of QPW throughout several centuries in the southern Levant is best explained as a reflection of an enduring community of practice of the local populations with the metalworkers of the Hejaz.
Burden of Asthma Among a Sample of Primary Schoolchildren in Jordan Based on Child and Parental Report
Authors: Al‐Motlaq Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAsthma is a major health issue with an extensive burden to family and health systems. Different measures were used previously to assess disease burden, including prevalence, school performance, parental perceptions, and cost among others.AimThe purpose of this study was to assess the burden of asthma among schoolchildren using parental and child reports and metered‐dose inhaler (MDI) demonstration.MethodsA descriptive exploratory design based on parent and child self‐reports was employed. Parents of children with asthma completed a questionnaire about asthma management and burden including symptoms and health services use. A sample of children with asthma completed a questionnaire measuring their perception of asthma management at school. An assessment of children's proper use of MDI inhalers was also conducted.ResultsThe burden of asthma was high in the current sample with the majority of children experiencing symptoms, asthma exacerbations, emergency department (ED) visits, and admission because of their asthma. The majority of participating children also performed incorrect inhaler technique, which reflects uncontrolled asthma and poor management. Parental perception of their child's health compared well with their burden of asthma.ConclusionThe outcomes of this study and previous reports show an alarmingly high burden of asthma. This calls for collaboration between professionals and stakeholders with children and caregivers in planning and implementing care, including improving the school environment.
Why do some African firms export? The role of regional economic communities?
Authors: Okumu Ibrahim Mike , Mawejje Joseph , Kilimani Nicholas , Bbaale Edward 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article examines whether African manufacturing firms are strategically located for regional market access. The study uses a large dataset from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys and is based on 6800 firms from 26 African countries. The study findings show that firms located in countries with dual membership to Regional Economic Communities (RECs) exhibit a significantly higher propensity to export than firms in countries affiliated with a single REC. Additionally, our findings suggest that RECs enhance export participation by mitigating customs delays. However, constraints in the business environment can hinder the propensity of firms to export. In particular, the study identifies informal competition and power outages as substantial barriers that increase the cost of doing business and diminish the potential benefits of REC membership. These results underscore the importance of advancing economic integration across Africa to bolster export participation. Additional improvements in the domestic business environments should address the constraints that hinder firms' international competitiveness.
No Effects of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Muscle Metabolism or Performance During Short‐Duration High‐Intensity Intermittent Exercise
Authors: Vigh‐Larsen Jeppe F. , Kruse Daniel Z. , Moseholt Maja B. , Hansen Laura G. B. , Christensen Ann‐Louise L. , Bæk Amanda , Andersen Ole E. , Mohr Magni , Overgaard Kristian 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCarbohydrates are critical for high‐intensity exercise performance. However, the effects of carbohydrate supplementation on muscle metabolism and performance during short‐duration high‐intensity intermittent exercise remain inadequately explored. Our aim was to address this aspect in a randomized, counterbalanced, double‐blinded crossover design. Eleven moderately‐to‐well‐trained males performed high‐intensity intermittent cycling receiving carbohydrate (CHO, ~55 g/h) or placebo (PLA) fluid supplementation. Three exercise periods (EX1‐EX3) were completed comprising 10 × 45 s at ~105% Wmax interspersed with 135 s rest between bouts and ~20 min between periods. Repeated sprint ability (5 × 6 s sprints with 24 s recovery) was assessed at baseline and after each period. Thigh muscle biopsies were obtained at baseline and before and after EX3 to determine whole‐muscle and fiber‐type‐specific glycogen depletion. No differences were found in muscle glycogen degradation at the whole‐muscle (p = 0.683) or fiber‐type‐specific level (p = 0.763–0.854) with similar post‐exercise whole‐muscle glycogen concentrations (146 ± 20 and 122 ± 15 mmol·kg−1 dw in CHO and PLA, respectively). Repeated sprint ability declined by ~9% after EX3 with no between‐condition differences (p = 0.971) and no overall differences in ratings of perceived exertion (p = 0.550). This was despite distinctions in blood glucose concentrations throughout exercise, reaching post‐exercise levels of 5.3 ± 0.2 and 4.1 ± 0.2 mmol·L−1 (p < 0.001) in CHO and PLA, respectively, accompanied by fivefold higher plasma insulin levels in CHO (p < 0.001). In conclusion, we observed no effects of carbohydrate ingestion on net muscle glycogen breakdown or sprint performance during short‐duration high‐intensity intermittent exercise despite elevated blood glucose and insulin levels. These results therefore question the efficacy of carbohydrate supplementation strategies in high‐intensity intermittent sports.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ НОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ДЛЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА И СОХРАНЕНИЯ БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЯ
Authors: Манабаева Ш.А. 
Published: September 2024

Прорыв в геномной инженерии начался с разработки нуклеаз, которые точно распознают и расщепляют целевую ДНК. Первыми эндонуклеазами, использованными для редактирования генома были нуклеазы с цинковыми пальцами (ZFNs) и эффекторны нуклеазы, подобные активаторам транскрипции (TALENs). Однако потребность в надежных, доступных и легко модифицируемых технологиях привела к разработке CRISPR/Cas9, мощного инструмента для редактирования генома, который нашел широкое применение в биологических исследованиях. Эта технология позволяет точно модифицировать генетический материал организмов, создавая двунитевые разрывы в ДНК и активируя механизмы восстановления. Нами была успешно применена технология CRISPR/Cas9 для редактирования генома картофеля, что привело к изменению качества крахмала путем полного разрушения гена GBSS.
Одной из новых широко используемых технологий является производство рекомбинантных белков в растениях с помощью вирусных векторов. Нами разработан вирусный вектор на основе генома вируса кустистой карликовости томата для быстрого производства рекомбинантных белков. Вектор кодирует белок p19, который ингибирует посттранскрипционный сайленсинг и усиливает экспрессию чужеродных генов. Использование данного вектора позволило получить гликопротеин gp51 вируса лейкемии крупного рогатого скота в растениях N.benthamiana для диагностических целей.
Флора Казахстана богата разнообразием видов, превышающим 13 тысяч, включая около 500 эндемиков. Для охраны биоразнообразия растений применяются различные стратегии, включая сохранение in situ, осуществляемое через создание природных заповедников, парков и ботанических садов. Глобальная стратегия сохранения растений направлена на устранения проблем, связанных с угрозами, и разработку методов сохранения для редких и исчезающих видов. Важное значение имеют технологии in vitro для сохранения таких видов. В результате наших исследований редкие и исчезающие виды были интродуцированы в культуру in vitro для последующего сохранения ex situ, разработав оптимальные протоколы стерилизации, микроразмножения, сохранения в условиях замедленного роста in vitro и криоконсервации.
Оценка внутривидовой изменчивости с помощью хлоропластного генома и ДНК-штрихкодирование является важным инструментом для изучения генетического разнообразия внутри видов и определения их генетической структуры. Нами проведена оценка внутривидовой изменчивости хлоропластных геномов редких и исчезающих видов тюльпана. С использованием маркеров ядерного (ITS) и хлоропластного геномов - rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, psbK-psbI, trnH-psbA, atpF-atpH проведены ДНК-штрихкодирование и филогенетический анализ эндемичных и исчезающих видов сосудистых растений.