bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating health workers’ perspectives into a WHO guideline on personal protective equipment developed during an Ebola virus disease outbreak
Authors: Den Boon Saskia , Vallenas Constanza , Ferri Mauricio , Norris Susan L. 
Published: January 2018

Background: Ebola virus disease (EVD) health facility transmission can result in infection and death of health workers. The World Health Organization (WHO) supports countries in preparing for and responding to public health emergencies, which often require developing new guidance in short timelines with scarce evidence. The objective of this study was to understand frontline physicians’ and nurses’ perspectives about personal protective equipment (PPE) use during the 2014-2016 EVD outbreak in West Africa and to incorporate these findings into the development process of a WHO rapid advice guideline. Methods: We surveyed frontline physicians and nurses deployed to West Africa between March and September of 2014. Results: We developed the protocol, obtained ethics approval, delivered the survey, analysed the data and presented the findings as part of the evidence-to-decision tables at the expert panel meeting where the recommendations were formulated within eight weeks. Forty-four physicians and nurses responded to the survey. They generally felt at low or extremely low risk of virus transmission with all types of PPE used. Eye protection reduced the ability to provide care, mainly due to impaired visibility because of fogging. Heat and dehydration were a major issue for 76% of the participants using goggles and for 64% using a hood. Both gowns and coveralls were associated with significant heat stress and dehydration. Most participants (59%) were very confident that they were using PPE correctly. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that it was possible to incorporate primary data on end-users’ preferences into a rapid advice guideline for a public health emergency in difficult field conditions. Health workers perceived a balance between transmission protection and ability to care for patients effectively while wearing PPE. These findings were used by the guideline development expert panel to formulate WHO recommendations on PPE for frontline providers caring for EVD patients in outbreak conditions.
Palliative care services for ethnic groups in Leicester
Authors: Haroon-Iqbal Hifsa , Field David , Parker Hilda , Iqbal Zafar 
Published: January 2018

The objectives of this study were to examine current palliative care service provision and its use by the black and minority ethnic (BME) groups in Leicester.* The study comprised two stages, an initial pilot study using semistructured tape recorded interviews, followed by a structured interview schedule. It was set in the voluntary sector, a local hospice and one trust hospital in Leicester. The subjects were 33 palliative care patients and carers from BME groups. The findings identify some deficiencies in access to and provision of palliative care services to BME communities in the city of Leicester. There appears to be a low level of satisfaction among the sample. There are also differences within the group, with 50% indicating that things are unsatisfactory. The main area of need identified was information about illness and available services. The study concluded that providers of palliative care need to examine their policy and practices with regards to whether they are acceptable, accessible and culturally sensitive to the needs of BME groups. A low uptake of services is more likely to suggest inappropriate provision rather than lack of need. An extended version of this article appears in Richardson and Wilson Barnett (1995). *The term black and minority ethnic (BME) group has been used to refer to people from racial or other minorities who may be disadvantaged because of their racial bakground. There is no single accepted term, nor one that can be seen as politically correct or incorrect. It should, however, be recognised that there may be some people who do not identify themselves as black or a minority but who share a common experience of racism (Anthias, 1992; Cole, 1993).
Book reviews
Authors: Yeo Judith , Bools Keith , Williams Audrey , Partington Lynne , Richardson Karen , Sweeney John J 
Published: January 2018

Cancer Care in the Community Treating AIDs with Chinese Medicine Aromatherapy for Health Professionals Palliative Care for People with Cancer (2nd edn) Cancer Care in the Hospital Mortally Wounded: Stories of Soul Pain, Death and Healing
Quality of life during high dose chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Griffiths Audrey , Beaver Kinta 
Published: January 2018

Asmall sample of women (n=9) receiving high dose chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer were asked to complete a quality of life measure (QLQ-C30) at three time points: prior to, during and post treatment. Despite the onset of severe side effects, no significant deterioration in quality of life was recorded in terms of physical, role, emotional, cognitive or social functioning. The role of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) in providing continuity of care as well as support and information for these women is discussed. Further work in this area with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings and to further investigate the role of the CNS in this context.
Taking a cervical sample: A reflection on good practice
Authors: McMunn Valerie 
Published: January 2018

Cervical sample taking is an important role for the practice nurse. Valerie McMunn describes a personal experience and reflects on what constitutes good practice This article is a reflection of a cervical sample taking experience highlighting the importance of communication, information collection and correct techniques when taking a cervical sample. It explores the negative outcomes of failure to follow the national guidelines, provide good basic nursing care and communicate effectively, and the impact this may have on the woman both in terms of outcomes and her wish to have another sample taken in the future.
Full Access to Cultural Spaces (FACS): Mapping and evaluating museum access services using mobile eye-tracking technology
Authors: Raffi Francesca 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The present paper aims to present significant results stemming from the FACS (Full Access to Cultural Spaces) project, launched in 2014 by the University of Macerata and concluded in 2016. In particular, this paper reports on stages one and two of the FACS project which aimed first to explore the state of the art of universal access services across a large variety of museums in Italy and nine other EU countries. Based on the first stage, an analysis of some of the most significant data obtained from a questionnaire sent out to over 1,200 European museums will be presented, with a special focus on multilingual devices and access services for the sensory impaired. The first stage was followed by an eye-tracking study on an Italian museum, Turin’s Museo Nazionale del Cinema (National Cinema Museum), aimed at evaluating visitors’ experience, attitudes and patterns of fruition through a test with a portable eye tracker (Tobii Pro Glasses 2, 50 Hz). Based on this second stage, the fruition of information panels by museum visitors at the Museo Nazionale del Cinema will be explored, specifically focusing on reading patterns and behaviours.
“Philip Marlowe in drag?” – The construct of the hard-boiled detective in feminist appropriation and translation
Authors: Seago Karen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHard-nosed female investigators Sara Lund and Saga Norén from the extraordinarily successful Scandinavian TV crime series The Killing and The Bridge are the latest examples of female hard-boiled detectives - dysfunctional loners who solve crimes where no one else succeeds. This article looks at the character construct of the hard-boiled male detective, maps these tropes against social expectations of gender norms and then considers how Sara Paretsky constructs an explicitly feminist “tough guy” private eye in V.I. Warshawski. It then analyses how Paretsky’s negotiation and partial subversion of the tropes of the hard-boiled genre are handled in translation, drawing on the German translation of Indemnity Only.
Damage caused by the small red-belted clearwing borer (Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkhausen) in cultivars grafted on different types of rootstocks
Authors: Némethné Major Barbara , Ledóné Ábrahám Rita , Enzsöl Erzsébet , Jenser Gábor 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Considerable damage caused by the red-belted clearwing was observed in the biologically controlled apple orchard. In all cases, the larvae were found in the tumourlike tissue proliferations developing at the grafting point of the rootstock (M9) and scion, while no larva was found in crowns and cut surfaces. Samplings involving different cultivars were implemented in two apple orchards; in Bősárkány, where trees are grafted on M9 rootstocks and tumours were found at grafting points, and in Mosonmagyaróvár, where trees are grafted on M26 rootstocks and no proliferations were found at graft unions. During the aforementioned samplings, the numbers of larvae living in the tissue proliferations were counted, the sizes of tumours were measured, and the flight dynamic of adult clearwings was investigated. Research results reveal that damage caused by the clearwing larvae was only observed in trunks with tumour-like disorders (Bősárkány), where feeding larvae were found in 15.3% of the examined trunks in cultivar Royal Gala, 4.6% in Idared, 2.6% in Jonagold, and 1.3% in Florina. We investigated whether there is a correlation between the size of tumours and the degree of damage. The highest rate of proliferations was found on cultivar Florina, where only a minimum degree of damage was experienced. The lowest rate of proliferations was observed on cultivar Gala, which suffered the highest degree of damage done by clearwing larvae.
According to sex-pheromone trap catches, the flight period of male clearwings occurred simultaneously in both studied orchards from mid-May to mid-August. On the basis of scent trap catch results, however, it has to be highlighted that females were only present at the Bősárkány research site.
It is assumed that the absence of females in the Mosonmagyaróvár orchard can be attributed to the fact that they did not find such suitable oviposition sites as tissue proliferations. Hence, egg-laying and damage caused by the larvae did not happen there either.
Honey-bee production practices and hive technology preferences in Jimma and Illubabor Zone of Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Kiros Welay , Tsegay Tekleberhan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The study was conducted in two purposefully selected zones of Oromiya Regional State, namely Jimma and Illubabor. The objective of the study was to analyse the honey-bee production and to assess hive technology preferences in the study area. A total of 156 beekeepers were randomly and proportionately selected from four districts (Mana and Gomma from Jimma and Bacho and Yayo from Illubabor). Data were collected through formal survey and secondary sources. Accordingly, the average age of the beekeepers was 40.2 ± 8.13 years with an average of 13.5 ± 6.58 years of experience. The majority of the respondents (53.2%) in the study area got their colonies by catching swarms. Three hive types (traditional, transitional, and frame hive) were found in the study area. More than 70% of the respondents harvested once a year from traditional hives, while 25% of respondents harvested up to three times per year from frame hives. Moreover, an average of 22 ± 4.6 and 16 ± 4.1 kg of honey were harvested from frame and transitional hives per year, respectively. Compared to these two hives, a much lower (7 ± 1.6 kg) amount of honey was harvested from traditional hives. Various honey-bee floras were identified in the study area. Plants such as Vernonia amygdalina, Croton macrostachyus, and Schefflera sp. produce white honey. Half of the respondents’ preferred transitional hive followed by frame hive (37.2%). Factors which affect the use of frame hives were lack of equipment (36.5%) followed by wax quality and availability problems (34%). That is why few beekeepers tried to modify the frame hive to solve the problems of wax in vertical frame hive. In order to adopt and sustain modern hive technology, the focus should be on honey-bee equipment as well as wax quality and availability.
Genetic diversity study of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenc) genotypes, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Kassahun 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Sorghum bicolor is one of the most important cereal crops around the world, particularly in Africa, highly cultivated for dietary staple. For this reason, a good knowledge and usage of this genetic resource in sorghum accessions is highly vital for improving crop quality. Analysis of genetic variability among the accessions will enable accurate results in breeding. The research design used was augmented design, which is common in many gene banks. This research finding would be used later by plant breeders to select best performers for further evaluation of the crop and obtain a new variety of sorghum.
Phenotypic characterization of Ethiopian finger millet accessions (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn), for their agronomically important traits
Authors: Tesfaye Kassahun , Mengistu Solomon 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Cereal finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) is one of the most promising vital crops of Asia and Africa in the face of climate change. It has a capacity to adapt to extreme environmental conditions and can be grown under a wide range of wider agroecology. It is believed to be originated in the highlands of Ethiopia and then disseminated across the globe. It is mainly cultivated as dietary staple food for humans, animal feeds and also used as medicinal crop. Though finger millet is recognized as the most important staple crop, particularly for the poor people in dry and semidry areas, it has been neglected and given little concern in mainstreaming the crop for its improvement research.
The short- and long-term effects of changes of vegetation structure on isopod (Oniscidea) diversity and composition in Mátra Mountains
Authors: Vona-Túri Diána , Szmatona-Túri Tünde 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to examine the short- and long-term effects of changes in vegetation structure caused by shrub removal and mowing on isopod diversity and composition in Natura 2000 habitats of Mátra Landscape Protection Area. Species richness and isopod diversity increased in the short term as a result of annual changes in vegetation; however, the values of both indices were reduced in the long term. The changes in vegetation structure on a regional scale led to a reduced isopod diversity in the short and long term. The changes in vegetation structure caused alterations in community structure in the long term. We conclude that changes of vegetation structure have a negative effect on species richness and the diversity of isopod communities in the long term.
The issues of urban green space in Baia Mare based on tree composition
Authors: Henning Anna Imola 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Harmonious urbanization entails the creation of new green spaces and the rehabilitation of existing ones. Green spaces are not just spaces of psychic well-being but also social interaction sites. Present-day practice in redesign requires taking into consideration the ones using the spaces, in our case, the needs of urban residents, since space needs to have a crucial role in building and maintaining communities. This paper aims at drawing attention to conflicts regarding use mainly due to improper design and use of plant material and, in addition to the importance of green spaces, the need for quality green spaces.
Optimal Reimbursement Policy in Health Care: Competition, Ownership Structure and Quality Provision
Authors: Stenbacka Rune , Tombak Mihkel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We analytically characterize the effects of ownership and competition in the healthcare industry on quality provision, market coverage and optimal reimbursement policy. A for-profit monopoly selects a lower quality than a nonprofit supplier, and the socially optimal reimbursement rate with a nonprofit monopoly exceeds that with a for-profit monopoly. We establish that the optimal repayment policy is invariant to the introduction of competition by a for-profit high-quality supplier. Thus, market coverage is invariant to the introduction of competition, whereas consumers with a higher willingness to pay for quality are better off with competition.
Childcare policy in the Czech Republic and Norway: two countries, two paths with many possibilities
Authors: Horák Pavel , Horáková Markéta 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to analyse and compare the design and governance of the contemporary childcare policy in the Czech Republic and Norway in relation to the situation of households with dependent children under school age. Following this, we review certain provisions of the childcare policies of the two countries, whose systems possessed certain similarities at the beginning of the 1990s, although they represent distinct types of welfare state. Our analysis reveals that the chief differences in childcare policy have persisted and adapted to the key features of the welfare regimes. The two countries’ central childcare policy values contrast with each other (equity and free choice in Norway vs. re-familisation and strong ‘family dependency’ among individuals in the Czech Republic) and exhibit differences in the structure and extent of policy measures, as well. Policies in both are less sensitive to the needs of children with specific needs (such as migrants in Norway or Roma children in the Czech Republic).
Quantitative Investigation of Roasting-magnetic Separation for Hematite Oolitic-ores: Mechanisms and Industrial Application
Authors: Peng Tiefeng , Xu Longhua , Luo Liqun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNatural high-quality iron can be directly applied to pyro-metallurgy process, however, the availability of these ores has become less and less due to exploitation. This research reports a systematic approach using reduction roasting and magnetic separation for oolitic iron ores from west Hubei Province. Firstly, a mineralogical study was performed and it was shown that the oolitic particles were mainly composed of hematite, with some silicon-quartz inside the oolitic particle. Then, the roasting temperature was examined and shown to have significant influence on both Fe recovery and the Fe content of the concentrate. Also the Fe content gradually increased as the temperature increased from 700 to 850 °C. The most important aspects are the quantitative investigation of change of mineral phases, and reduction area (with ratio) during the reduction roasting process. The results showed that Fe2O3decreased with temperature, and Fe3O4(magnetite) increased considerably from 600 to 800°C. The reductive reaction was found to occur from the outside in, the original oolitic structure and embedding relationship among the minerals did not change after roasting. Finally, 5% surrounding rock was added to mimic real industrial iron beneficiation. This study could provides useful insight and practical support for the utilization of such iron ores.
Photobleaching characteristics of α-(8-quinolinoxy) zinc phthalocyanine, a new type of amphipathic complex
Authors: Liu Han-Qing , Wang Ying-Ming , Li Wan-Fang , Li Chao , Jiang Zhi-Huan , Bao Jie , Wei Jin-Feng , Jin Hong-Tao , Wang Ai-Ping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to reveal the photobleaching characteristics of α-(8-quinolinoxy) zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc-F7), a new type of amphiphilic complex. Normal saline (NS), pure Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640 medium (1640), RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum, and cell suspension were used as solvents to study the photobleaching of ZnPc-F7 in different solutions. Absorbance and fluorescence spectra were measured. Photobleaching kinetics were observed after irradiation for 3–180 min with ZnPc-F7 concentrations of 1–40.00μg/mL. Anin vivoimaging system was used to observe the distribution and photobleaching of ZnPc-F7 in mice. ZnPc-F7 was bleached bothin vitroandin vivoafter exposure to laser energy at 670 nm. ZnPc-F7 was not bleached without irradiation. ‘The type of solvent, irradiation time, and initial concentration influenced the photobleaching rate. Rapid initial phases followed by a slower rate of photobleaching were observed in all four solutions. Fluorescence of ZnPc-F7 in mouse skin was steady and then increased 24 h after injection. There was no significant difference in the extent of fluorescence between normal and psoriasis-like mice. Local administration of ZnPc-F7 showed higher fluorescence intensity in skin at an early time than intravenous injection and lower content in organs after 24 h.
The influence of stand structure in submontane acidophilous oak forests on the presence of the wild service tree and sword-leaved helleborine
Authors: Kryżar Sławomir 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of two strictly protected vascular plant species in managed stands of submontane acidophilous oak forests (Luzulo luzuloidis - Quercetum petraeae Hilitzer 1932 association) in the Sudeten foothills (Lower Silesia, Poland). During the study, the most important stand parameters influencing the occurrence of the wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) and the orchid sword-leaved helleborine Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch) were ascertained. The stands ranged from 50 to 130 years of age and were dominated by sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), which comprised 5-100% of trees. Both of the protected plant species were observed in 10% of the examined plots with the most favorable type of forest stand for sword-leaved helleborine as well as the wild service tree being clearly dominated by sessile oak (portion of oak above 80%). The analysis showed that the wild service tree was found in pure oak stands, whereas sword-leaved helleborine was also recorded in mixed stands aged 50-80 years. The increased frequency of sword-leaved helleborine was associated with a higher portion of oak in the tree layer. The results suggest that the modern silviculture practices, ‘close-to-nature’ silviculture, transform pure oak forest into mixed forest and allow for natural expansion of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) as well as beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), which can induce the gradual disappearance of the orchid and the wild service tree in submontane acidophilous oak forests. Restoring semi-natural pure oak stands should play a significant role in supporting both protected species in submontane acidophilous oak forests of the Sudeten Region.