bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automorphism groups of cubic fivefolds and fourfolds
Authors: Yang Song , Yu Xun , Zhu Zigang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce notions of partitionability and characteristic sets of homogeneous polynomials and give a complete classification of groups faithfully acting on smooth cubic fivefolds. Specifically, we prove that there exist 20 maximal ones among all such groups. As an application, we classify all possible subgroups of the automorphism groups of smooth cubic fourfolds.
Eddy Current Flaw Imaging Using Micro-Sensor Arrays
Authors: Xue Jianhua , Ramalingam S. , Shi Zheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Eddy current micro-sensors and array sensors have been developed to detect small flaws of the form nucleated in the initiation phases of fatigue cracking in highly stressed mechanical components. Resolution limit sought for this task is of the order of 100 μm and lower. Photo-lithography, and wet and dry etching techniques were used to fabricate micro-sensors on Si wafers and Kapton substrates. These sensors were used with flux-focusing pole pieces to inspect test samples containing model flaws. Flaw images obtained are presented and discussed. It is shown that eddy current flaw imaging with micro-sensors can provide flaw detection with a spatial resolution better than 100 μm. Array sensors have also been developed to reduce the inspection time and cost without any loss in spatial resolution. It is shown that automation-compatible, disposable, eddy current micro-sensors are now within reach for reliable small flaw detection.
An Intelligent Component Health Monitoring System: A Building Block for a Distributed Approach to Machinery Health Assessment
Authors: Nickerson G. William , Lally Richard W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A transition to condition-based maintenance in military and commercial applications is critical for economic survival. Technology to enable a robust diagnostic and prognostic capability for machinery health assessment is necessary to make the transition and is rapidly evolving. An opportunity exists to step to the next plateau in machinery health assessment by distributing the conversion of data to information at the lowest possible level in the system hierarchy. This paper describes an approach to decompose plants and platforms into a hierarchy of building blocks and architecture for machinery health monitoring uniquely suited to this application. The distributed architecture described is enabled by rapid developments in embedded computer, software, and sensor applications that can be exploited to enable high-performance, cost-effective machinery health assessment systems.
Micro Control Valves by Making Use of Electro-Rheological Fluids (Control of One-Link Manipulator With the Micro ER Valve)
Authors: Kondoh Yutaka , Yokota Shinichi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A three-port micro control valve by making use of electro-rheological (ER) fluids is proposed and fabricated, whose size is 12 × 12 × 12mm. Static and dynamic characteristics of the micro valve are examined. The valve can produce load pressure change of 0.35MPa at maximum electric field strength of 5kV/mm. In addition, the micro valve is applied to control a one-link manipulator with a small-sized artificial rubber-muscle-type actuator. The effectiveness of the micro valve is experimentally demonstrated for use in fluid servo systems.
A Piezoelectric Micropump Using Resonance Drive: Proposal of Resonance Drive and Basic Experiments on Pump Characteristics
Authors: Park Jung-Ho , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Yokota Shinichi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, a piezoelectric micropump using resonance drive is proposed and fabricated. Fabricated piezoelectric micropump basically consists of a bellows acting as a reciprocating pump chamber, a multilayered PZT actuator for oscillating the bellows and normally closed cantilever type of two check valves. Frequency characteristics of flow rate and pressure are investigated with different amount of additional mass. Furthermore, output characteristics of the pump are investigated when a bellows is attached to the outlet as a varying load. Through those experiments, it is ascertained that the maximum flow rate with no load pressure is about 100mm3/s, the maximum output pressure is about 0.25MPa and the maximum output power of the fabricated pump is about 4mW. As a result, the feasibility of the piezoelectric micropump with resonance drive is confirmed.
Power Transmission System Design: Modeling the Comparative Performance of Hydraulic and Electric Drives
Authors: Monaghan Aelred M. , Tilley Derek G. , Chapple Peter J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Advancements in technology have resulted in an increasing range of power transmission drive options. Therefore it is becoming increasingly difficult to select the most appropriate drive for a particular application. This paper describes the initial findings of an investigation into the design and analysis of power transmission systems. A technique is presented, based on computer simulation, which allows the comparative performance of alternative systems to be evaluated.
The simulation work required the development of computer models to represent the drive system components. The modeling algorithms adopted for the hydraulic and electric motors are described.
Results of a computer study investigating the relative efficiency of three alternative rotary drive systems are presented. The three systems considered were a basic valve controlled hydraulic circuit, a load sensing hydraulic circuit and an inverter fed induction motor drive system. The study demonstrates the ability of the computer simulation technique to predict and compare the performance of compering power transmission systems, thus providing a powerful analytical tool for the system designer.
CAD of Hydraulic Manifold Blocks Using an Object-Oriented Approach
Authors: Wong P. K. , Chuen C. W. , Leung T. P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In a hydraulic power system, the manifold blocks are usually tailor-made. Computer-aided design of these manifold blocks will facilitate the production of these systems. An object-oriented approach in the design of these blocks has advantages that modifications of the component physical dimensions can easily be incorporated into the scheme without difficulties. An object-oriented model to represent the behaviour and the design knowledge of hydraulic power circuits and components is used in this design methodology. The class reconstruction principle enables the class structures of fluid power sub-circuits and components to be defined and expanded in a rigorous manner. With the aid of object-oriented modelling philosophy, it is extended to manifold block design, which can be viewed both as an object placing problem and as a routing-design problem. In order to provide a computer-aided engineering solution to these problems, some design rules and algorithms have been proposed and implemented in designing hydraulic manifold blocks. This approach can be used to construct a 3D path connection algorithm for manifold block design and to support many other design activities.
Spatial and Dynamic Characterization of the Interaction of Staphylococcus Aureus Alpha-Toxin With Cell Membranes
Authors: Merchant Fatima A. , Toner Mehmet 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Genetically engineered pore-forming proteins such as the H5 mutant of the staphylococcal aureus α-toxin, have been specially designed to achieve controlled and reversible plasma membrane permeabilization. Hence, quantitative information regarding the dynamics of poration is critical for designing applications employing α-toxins for the permeabilization of cell membranes. We have employed immunofluorescence imaging techniques in conjunction with viability assays to elucidate the spatial and temporal interactions of α-toxin with living cells. This information would aid in the design and development of better permeabilization protocols that effectively utilize the toxin to achieve efficient poration of a large number of cells.
Intracellular Calcium Dynamics During Photolysis
Authors: Busch N. A. , Reiken S. R. , Toner Mehmet , Yarmush M. L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to gain a deeper understanding of the intracellular events which precede photolysis of cells. A model system, consisting of malignant melanoma cells pre-treated with the calcium sensitive fluorescent dye, Fluo-3, was used to examine the intracellular calcium dynamics in single-cell photolysis experiments. Exposure of the cells to 632nm laser light in the presence of photosensitizer, tin chlorin e6, resulted in a rise in intracellular calcium. The increase in intracellular calcium was blocked using a variety of calcium channel blocking agents, including verapamil, nifedipine and nickel. Treatment with the channel blockers was also effective in either decreasing or eliminating cell death despite the presence of lethal doses of photosensitizer and irradiation. These results show that intracellular calcium rises prior to plasma membrane lysis, and that this early rise in intracellular calcium is necessary for membrane rupture.
Numerical Modeling of Transport Processes During Protein Crystallization
Authors: Gray Elizabeth L. , Chait Arnon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present results from preliminary research on evaporation kinetics and transport during protein crystallization. Our focus has been on understanding and quantifying the dynamics of the vapor diffusion process, the technique by which the majority of both space-grown and earth-grown protein crystals are produced. In the vapor diffusion process, an aqueous solution containing protein is allowed to evaporate within a closed cell, thereby increasing the protein concentration and causing subsequent nucleation and growth. The rate of evaporation is a complex function of the pre-determined process parameters. Present methodologies are largely inadequate to describe the role of each parameter and its relative importance in achieving a desired evaporation rate curve. In this work we present initial results from a comprehensive numerical model of the process that includes all relevant physics. We systematically investigate the role of different modes of transport in each phase (natural convection and diffusion) and explore process sensitivities to external parameters that are user-defined. Full, large scale numerical simulations of the governing equations for the transport of heat and mass in the droplet and the vapor gap are simultaneously solved and results are presented and compared to data obtained from careful experiments. We demonstrate that natural convection even in earth gravity does not contribute to the evaporation process. We also show that very small fluctuations in temperature can cause significant variations in evaporation rates. Finally, we explore issues that are important for accurate simulations of this seemingly simple, yet complex process of protein crystallization.
Development of a Novel Microwave Cavity to Vitrify Biological Tissues for Use in Surgical Transplantation
Authors: Gao D. Y. , Jackson T. , Zhang W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study is to test a hypothesis that the coupled interaction of microwave radiation and cryoprotectant concentration can significantly influence ice formation in cryopreservation media during the cooling process. Test samples consisted of a series of solutions with ethylene glycol (a cryoprotectant) concentration ranging from 3 to 5.5 M. A specific microwave resonant cavity was built and utilized to provide an intense oscillating electric field. Solutions were simultaneously exposed to this electric field and cooled to −196°C by immersion in liquid nitrogen. Control samples were similarly submerged in liquid nitrogen but without the microwave field. The amount of ice formation was determined by analysis of digital images of the samples. It was found that ice formation was greatly reduced in the presence of microwave irradiation. For example, ice formation could be reduced by roughly 56% in 3.5 molar ethylene glycol solutions. An average reduction of 66% was observed in 4.5 molar solutions. Statistical analysis indicated that main effects of microwave and ethylene glycol concentration as well as interaction between these two factors significantly (p &lt; 0.01) influenced ice formation amount, confirming the hypothesis. This preliminary study suggested that a combined use of microwave irradiation and cryoprotectant might be a potential approach to control ice formation in cells/tissues during cooling process and to enhance vitrification of these biomaterials for long-term preservation.
Methodology for Modeling the Response of Temperature Probes in Convective Media
Authors: da Rocha Adson F. , Valvano Jonathan W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper discusses the dynamic behavior of probes embedded in convective media during temperature measurements. It will be shown that in certain conditions the temperature measured by a probe can be written as the convolution of the true temperature with the impulse response of the probe. We present a general method to find the natural response of any kind of probe, and then we present results for a more realistic 1-D model for the thermistor probe in a thermodilution catheter. The results of these analyzes can be applied to enhance the dynamic response of temperature measurements made by probes in convective media.
Axisymmetrical FEM Analysis of Adhesive Butt Joint of Finite Circular Pipe Subjected to Internal Pressure
Authors: Katsuo Masahide , Sawa Toshiyuki , Nakagawa Fumito 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The stress distributions and strength of adhesive butt joints of pipes of which the both ends are closed are analyzed by using an axisymmetric finite element method (FEM). The interface stress distributions are demonstrated. The joint strength is estimated using the interface stress distribution. The butt adhesive joints with small flanges and without flanges were manufactured. Rupture tests of the adhesive butt joints of pipes subjected to internal pressure by hydraulic pump were carried out. In addition, rupture tests of the joints were also conducted by using a material testing machine. Strain measurements were carried out on the joints. It is found that the stress singularity occurs at the inner and the outer edges of the interfaces. It is seen that the stress singularity is larger at the inner edge than that at the outer edge. The strength of the joints is evaluated using 95% non-rupture probability of the rupture test results. As a result, it is found that the strength of the joints with flanges are larger than that without flanges. Furthermore, it is observed that the strength of the joints with flanges is not proportional to the bonded area of the joints. The estimated values of the joint strength are in fairly good agreement with the experimental results.
A Two-Dimensional Finite Element Thermal Stress Analysis of Butt Adhesive Joints Containing Some Hole Defects
Authors: Nakagawa Fumito , Sawa Toshiyuki , Nakano Yuichi , Katsuo Masahide 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Thermal stress distributions in butt adhesive joints containing some hole defects under uniform temperature changes were analyzed by using a two-dimensional finite element method (FEM). Thermal stresses in the joints which contained no holes, 3-hole, 8-hole and 16-hole defects in an adhesive layer were studied. Especially, the stress concentrations around the hole defects and near the edge of the interface between the adherends and an adhesive were examined. From the results, the thermal stresses around the hole defects located near the center portion of the adhesive layer were found to be larger than those of the hole defects located near the free surface of the adhesive layer. The thermal stress distributions near the edge of the interface decreased with an increase of the amount of holes and a decrease of the Young’s modulus of the adhesive layer. For verification, a photoelastic experiment was carried out. Fairly good agreement was seen between the numerical and the experimental results.
Axisymmetric Stress Analysis of Bonded Shrink Fitted Joints Subjected to Torsional Loads
Authors: Yoneno Masahiro , Sawa Toshiyuki , Motegi Youichi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper deals with stress analysis and strength evaluation of bonded shrink fitted joints subjected to torsion. The stress distributions in the adhesive layer of bonded shrink fitted joints are analyzed by using the axisymmetric theory of elasticity when an external torsion is applied to the upper end of shaft. The effect of the outer diameter and the stiffness of rings on the interface stress distributions are clarified by the numerical calculations. Using the interface stress distributions, joint strength is predicted. In addition, joint strength was measured experimentally. It is seen that a rupture of adhesive layer is initiated from the upper edge of the interfaces when a torsion is applied to the upper end of shaft. The numerical result are in fairly good agreement with the experimental results. It is found that the joint strength of bonded shrink fitted joints is greater than that of shrink fitted joints.
Experimental Investigation on Bolt Load Reduction in Bolted Joints
Authors: Kumakura Susumu , Kuramoto Hiroyuki , Nishiyama Toshio , Kobayashi Takashi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Bolted joints are widely used in mechanical structures. They are very useful because they can be disassembled when necessary. However, in practice, accidents have happened due to thread loosening and relaxation of bolted joints. In designing bolted joints, it is necessary to prevent thread loosening and reduction of axial bolt load of bolted joints. Loosening is due to bolt-nut rotation and the reduction of bolt load due to permanent setting or imbedding. In the guideline VDI2230 for design of bolted joints, data for estimating the reduction of bolt load is described, where the amount of permanent setting is proportional to the ratio of grip length to the nominal diameter of bolts. However, the theoretical or experimental grounds are not known. For reliable design of bolted joints, it is necessary to investigate the loosening of bolt load in bolted joints and to establish a method for estimating the amount of reduction in bolt load.
The objective of this paper is to measure the permanent set and reduction of bolt load in bolted joints subjected to repeated axial loads. The effects of grip length and the material of clamped parts on the permanent set are examined experimentally. The results obtained are as follows.
(1) The reduction of bolt load is decreased regardless of the material of clamped parts as the grip length increases.
(2) The amount of permanent set is decreased as the grip length increases.
(3) The results obtained by the experiments contradict the results described in VDI2230.
On the Stress Concentration in the Axially Loaded Bolts for Some Threaded Joints
Authors: Cretu Augustin , Lazar Ioan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study started from the results of the tests performed on plane and three-dimensional photoelastic models of some axially loaded bolts — examined in monochromatic polarized light (Na) — to which it was modified, step by step, the height of the bolt head, the diameter of the head, as well as the dimensions and the position of the hexagonal key hole. With these models, we studied the stress distribution and the stress concentration — using both photoelastic method and boundary element method (BEM) — in three characteristic points: A — at the top of the bolt head, on the symmetry axis; B and C on the groove between bolt shank and bolt head.
A new series of tests were done on a group of plane models for which the variable parameters were the distance between the end fillet of the thread and the bolt head (10p, 5p, 2p and 0p, where p is the pitch) and the value of the radius of the groove between bolt shank and bolt head (r = 3; 2; 1; 0.8; 0.2 and 0.0 mm).
The examination of the isochromatic fringes for these photoelastic models leads to the conclusion that the density of isochromatic fringes rises with the decrease of the groove radius and with the decrease of the distance between the end fillet of the thread and the bolt head.
The use of the BEM to study the stress distribution in the same photoelastic models leads to the table systematization of the numerical results and to the chart representation of the following stresses:
- the maximum equivalent stress (von Mises) on the groove between bolt shank and bolt head varying with the value of the groove radius and with the distance between the end fillet of the thread and the bolt head;
- the maximum normal stress on the thread base of the end fillet of the thread, towards the bolt head, varying with the distance between the end fillet of the thread and the head, corresponding to various values of the groove radius.
Highlighting the extreme values of the stress in the stress concentration zones of some threaded joints and the determination of the stress concentration factors allow a general vision on the state of stress in the analyzed machine elements. This allows, starting from the obtained results, to estimate the behavior of similar machine elements under load and to make geometrical and technological optimization of these types of machine elements.
Complete genome and plasmid sequences of
Moraxella
sp. strains K02 and K23, closely related to
M. osloensis
, isolated from freshwaters
Authors: Wakabayashi Ryoka , Naganuma Takeshi , Nakai Ryosuke 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Moraxella osloensis
is a cosmopolitan bacterium, ranging from human body to diverse environments. Only 2 of the 11 complete genomes so far are from non-clinical strains. Here, we present the complete genome and plasmid sequences of two freshwater isolates. The data will provide insights into the cosmopolitanism of this species.
Circularly assembled genome sequences of
Asticcacaulis
sp. strain MM231 and
Brevundimonas subvibrioides
MM232, isolated from a pond at Bielefeld University campus
Authors: Laker Bianca , Schulze Tim , Reis Mara , Bormann Sophia-Maria , Radke Gianluca , Klages Levin Joe , Busche Tobias , Wobbe Lutz , Bräutigam Andrea , Eisenhut Marion 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Photosynthetic organisms often interact with heterotrophic microbes. We here report the complete genome sequences of the bacterial strains
Asticcacaulis
sp. MM231 and
Brevundimonas subvibrioides
MM232. Both bacteria were co-isolated from a single green colony originating from an aquatic sample taken from a pond at the Bielefeld University campus.