bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic impacts of China’s rural-urban migration on aboveground biomass carbon density in rural counties
Authors: Chen Jiandong , Gao Ming , Fang Shuai , Shan Yuli , Yu Jie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

China’s carbon sinks have been greatly affected by the changes in aboveground biomass carbon density in rural areas due to a recent rapid urbanization in the country and ongoing migration from rural to urban. We employ multiple satellite and gridded datasets to estimate aboveground biomass carbon density in rural China at the county level from 2006 to 2018. We further investigate the impacts of rural-urban migration on aboveground biomass carbon density in the rural area, as well as the hidden mechanisms. Our results find a nonlinear relationship between rural-urban migration and rural aboveground biomass carbon density. During 2006–2008, + 1% of rural-urban migration increased + 0.021% of rural aboveground biomass carbon density. However, the increasing impact diminished in later periods due to urban land expansion and excessive human activities in the rural areas. In addition to the abandonment of croplands, our mechanism analysis finds that the increasing effect during 2006–2008 was also achieved through expanding of ecological quality inequality between urban and rural areas, emergence of limited clusters of young trees near urban areas, aggregation of people aged 20–40 years old to urban areas, and feminization of people aged 60–70 years old in rural areas. Based on the mechanism analysis, we quantify the moderating effects of variables on the increasing effect of rural-urban migration. There were + 0.015%, + 0.022% and + 0.019% of moderating effects by 1% changes in transportation convenience at the urban-rural border, urban economic aggregation, and the degree of dislocation between people and forests in rural areas, respectively. Finally, we simulate future aboveground biomass carbon density and potential carbon sinks under scenarios considering the potential changes in moderated variables in the future. We find that an optimized rural-urban migration strategy could achieve up to 33.47 ± 24.58 TgC of aboveground carbon sinks by 2030, which could contribute significantly to China’s climate targets.
Evaluation of procedures for normalizing and analysing SomaScan proteomics assay
Authors: Galanakis Michael Carter Bisgaard , Ladelund Steen , Izarzugaza Jose M. G. , Bendtsen Kristian M. , Maretty Lasse , Geybels Milan , Valkenborg Dirk 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The aptamer-based SomaScan assay measures thousands of proteins. SomaLogic provides a multi-step pre-processing procedure to reduce the technical variability of this data. This paper will evaluate how each step of this procedure affects analysis results. We performed a comparative assessment using data from two randomised clinical trials in weight management. We show that SomaLogic’s adaptive normalization by maximum likelihood (ANML) procedure introduces a bias to fold change estimates, with a median bias of + 3.7% and + 3.4% in the two trials. The bias was confirmed by a simulation study, where ANML introduced false positive findings. Additionally, their plate scaling procedure has no effect on data when the calibration step is included. However, SomaLogic's pipeline excluding ANML does reduce technical variability without a substantial impact on fold change estimates. We recommend that researchers considering the use of ANML in clinical trials should verify the absence of this bias.
Labor market reintegration strategies of Albanian return migrants from Greece: The role of human and social capital
Authors: Xhaho Armela , Bailey Ajay , Caro Erka 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

For many migrants, returning to their country of origin is an important turning point in their migration trajectory. However, whether reverse migration proves successful depends largely on whether returnees are again able to participate in the social, economic, cultural, and political life of their country of origin. This paper draws on 37 biographical interviews conducted with Albanian returnees in three different geographical areas of Albania: Fier, Tirana, and Voskopoja. It aims to capture the diverse strategies the return migrants employed in navigating the labor market upon their return. We examine how the social and human capital the returnees accumulated while abroad shaped their patterns of reintegration into the labor market. We find that the returnees’ social capital in the form of social relationships and their human capital in the form of work experience influenced their entrepreneurial activities in their home country. Moreover, we observe that some of the returnees who were able to capitalize on their migration experiences in their host country introduced a new work culture and new products to their home country and offered better quality work than their local competitors. Our findings further indicate that while the returnees’ social networks improved their economic prospects, the levels of trust and social responsibility in these networks enabled them to develop and expand their business activities.
A Privacy-Preserving Data Augmentation Approach for Credit Card Fraud Detection
Authors: Wen Jun , Li Xiusheng , Long Liu , Li Xiaoli , Mao Hang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Credit card fraud costs credit card companies billions of dollars annually. Privacy concerns prevent most banks from sharing transaction data. Federated Learning enables multiple companies to train a unified model while preserving the privacy of sensitive data. The scarcity of credit card fraud samples has posed a challenge for Federated Learning (FL). To address this challenge, this paper proposes the Federated Learning Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (FL-SMOTE). It employs both partially and fully homomorphic encryption schemes, leveraging their strengths to enhance performance and security. Partially homomorphic encryption is used for Euclidean distance summation, ciphertext comparison, and privacy-preserving ranking of Euclidean distances. The Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song (CKKS) method is used to generate synthetic minority class samples and perform secure aggregation in federated learning. CKKS approximation methods are used to balance computational complexity and accuracy. The logistic regression model is adapted to demonstrate how the CKKS scheme can be seamlessly integrated into the training process. A quadratic term is added to the client’s loss function to regularize the discrepancy between the local model and the accelerated global model. Finally, the proposed design is evaluated on two publicly available datasets. The experiments demonstrate that the FL-SMOTE algorithm enhances training results and achieves the oversampling objective.
Evaluation of complex multi-physics phenomena at gas diffusion electrodes during high-pressure water electrolysis with AEMs
Authors: Delp Erik , Mishra Rakesh , Wagner Enno 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The alkaline water electrolysis is a well-established process for producing green hydrogen from renewable energy sources. Hereby, electrochemical gas compression can be realized with water electrolysis and ion pumping membranes, to avoid costly mechanical compression. In this experimental study we researched an electrolyzer cell with a strong metal structure, for internal pressure difference of up to 100 bar. Micro-porous gas diffusion electrodes containing non-precious nickel catalysts as well as different separators, alkaline membranes and AEMs have been investigated in the range of 300 to 800 mA cm− 2. For one preferred AEM, characteristics are shown for hydrogen pressures between 20 and 80 bars, while the anode remains at ambient 1 bar. Impedance spectroscopy diagrams are used to display the individual cell components: the ohmic resistance of the AEM and the complex impedances of both electrodes. Therewith we could visualize the complex multi-physics phenomena and show that the oxygen electrode works as a Wartburg-element, especially due to higher diffusion rates and therewith entropy production during bubble formation.
Nursing experience with pneumonia patients based on visual reality simulation: A qualitative study
Authors: Um Youn-Joo , An Soomin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Nursing students should participate in clinical experiences to acquire sufficient clinical skills before graduation.
Objective: We identified nursing students' virtual reality (VR) experiences and perceptions of pneumonia patients and provided recommendations for educating future nurses to gain sufficient experience with them.
Design: This study is qualitative and descriptive.
Participants: This study involved 60 nursing students from a Korean university.
Data collected in December 2023 through reflection journals completed by participants were analyzed using thematic content analysis as the methodological approach.
Results: Ten subtopics were identified, including four themes: 1) enhancing nursing skills for patients with pneumonia, 2) improving nursing communication skills, 3) creating a learning environment using VR technology, and 4) increasing awareness of one's nursing capabilities through VR.
Conclusion: Nursing students experienced a series of nursing procedures and their effects through VR pneumonia nursing experience. More diverse VR scenario development and technical improvement are needed to enhance prospective nurses’ competency.
Identification and validation of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane-associated genes as diagnostic biomarkers for preeclampsia
Authors: Zhang Cui , Kong Hongfang , Ma Xuyuan , Jiang Jingjing , Su Yuan , Zheng Lili , Xin Hong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
ER-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer abnormalities by MAMs and subsequent resulting in mitochondrial autophagy contribute to trophoblast apoptosis and may be involved in the pathogenesis of PE suggesting a crucial role of MAMs in PE development. However, detailed investigations into the specific mechanisms and roles of MAMs in PE remain limited.
Methods
This study began with a search for PE-related datasets and MAMs-related genes. Candidate genes identified and analyzed by differential expression analysis and WGCNA. ROC analysis was conducted to evaluate the capacity of biomarkers to differentiate between PE and controls. GSEA was employed to understand the biological functions and immunoinfiltration analysis was utilized for revealing role of the immmunological system of biomarkers in the advancement of PE. Biomarker-disease association predicting and constructing of molecular regulatory networks were implemented to explore the mechanisms by which biomarkers affect PE. Expression of hub genes was further verified by RT-qPCR.
Results
ABCD3, CAST and PAWR were considered as latent diagnostic biomarkers for PE, and the AUCs representing the ability to diagnose PE were 0.8-1.0.GSEA found spliceosome, proteasome and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were co-enriched by biomarkers. Immunoinfiltration analysis certified negative correlations between biomarkers and differentially infiltrated immune cells. Using the NetworkAnalyst database, 21, 9 and 20 TFs that might regulate the level of ABCD3, CAST and PAWR. RT-qPCR verified down-regulation of CAST and PAWR in the PE placenta, but ABCD3 validation results was the opposite.
Conclusion
CAST and PAWR function as latent MAMs-related biomarkers diagnosing and affecting PE. These findings provided insights to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of PE.
Seed maturation and mortality patterns support non-serotinous conifer regeneration mechanism following high-severity fire
Authors: Lopez Madeleine A. , Kane Jeffrey M. , Greene David F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Climate warming increases fire activity for many regions around the world, prompting concern over the long-term persistence of conifer species that regenerate poorly from seed after high-severity fire. However, substantive regeneration of non-serotinous conifer species within a large high-severity patch, a process termed facultative serotiny, is possible if the fire occurs in the brief window following seed maturation but before cone opening, the enclosed seeds can withstand the heat range of the fire, and the non-serotinous cone crop is sufficient. To define the temporal window of facultative serotiny, we collected closed cones from June to September over two seasons, examining seed maturation as a function of the heat sum for four non-serotinous California conifer species: ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Sierra lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. murryana), incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Additionally, we examined seed survival based on viability testing in closed cones following heat treatments ranging from ~ 20 to 600°C. Finally, we compared this temporal window of viability to the proportion of area burned during that same interval using recent fire data for northern California to identify the proportion of fires that may be conducive to facultative serotiny.
Results
The accumulated heat sum was positively associated with seed maturity; the proportion of seeds that were viable varied by species but generally ranged from late-July (10%) to mid-September (90%) with heat sums ranging from 1285℃ to 2081℃, respectively. Higher heat exposure was negatively associated with seed survival and some withstood temperatures as high as 400°C for 150 seconds. Seeds of the smaller cone species, incense cedar and Douglas-fir, tended to have lower survivability to heat treatments than the larger cone species, lodgepole pine and ponderosa pine. The period of availability of mature seeds overlapped with 60% of the area burned during wildfires for northern California.
Conclusions
We identify conditions suitable for the occurrence of facultative serotiny following high-severity fires for four non-serotinous conifers in northern California. The temporal window that permits facultative serotiny for these species can be incorporated into post-fire regeneration modeling and can aid forest management decision-making in fire-prone ecosystems containing non-serotinous conifers.
Tensile mechanical behavior of Cu/Ni bilayer electrodeposited Ni 54 Nb 42 Al 4 metallic glass Fibers
Authors: Hussain Ishtiaq , Hussain Zahid , Ali Shamsher , Ali Iftikhar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In the current work, the tensile mechanical behavior of Cu/Ni bilayer electrodeposited Ni52Nb42Al4 metallic glass (MG) fibers with a presizely controle different volume fractions (R) of bilayer coating i.e., R = 0% to R = 95% is investigated by using electrochemical deposition technique. Experimental results reveal that yield stress, tensile stress and fracture stress is decreased with the increasing volume fractions (R) of bilayered Cu/Ni-coating. However the plastic strain is significantly increased with the increasing R values (R = 65% and above). The coating thickness and good interface bonding between two layers (Cu & Ni), as well as with the surface of MG fibers is responsible for larger enhancement in tensile plasticity of bilayered coated Ni−Nb-Al MG fibers. The plastic deformation of Cu/Ni bilayer electrodeposited MG fiber with a coating volume fraction, R = 95% is 5.8%. Electrochemical deposition of Cu/Ni bilayer onto Ni52Nb42Al4 fibers can play a significant role in engineering applications.
The relationship between perceived social support and positive coping style in fire rescue personnel: the mediating effect of positive emotions and meaning in life
Authors: Zhang Yuhan , Wang Zeqing , Qin yuying , Jin Song 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Coping style is a cognitive and behavioral effort in which individuals face specific internal and external environmental requirements beyond their ability. Fire rescue personnel are often faced with sudden disasters and threats, so positive coping style is of great significance to the mental health of them. Although previous studies have found that perceived social support can promote positive coping style, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate a hypothetical model that posits that perceived social support in fire rescue personnel positively predicts positive coping style and that positive emotion and meaning in life play a mediating role. A total of 354 fire rescue personnel with fire rescue detachment in a city were investigated via the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Positive and Negative Emotion Scale (PANNS), Meaning of Life Questionnaire (MLQ) and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). The correlation between these variables and the mediating effect of resilience was examined by path analysis. The average scores of perceived social support, positive emotion, sense of life meaning and positive coping style were 4.94 ± 0.83, 3.26 ± 0.75, 4.94 ± 0.83 and 2.67 ± 0.44, respectively. The results of the correlation analysis revealed that positive coping style was positively correlated with social support, positive emotion and sense of meaning in life (all p < 0.01). Positive emotion and meaning in life had a complete mediating effect on the relationship between perceived social support and positive coping style, and the total mediating effect accounted for 76.05% of the total effect. Positive emotion and meaning in life play dual mediating roles in the perceived social support and positive coping style of fire rescue personnel. This paper reveals the internal mechanism of the perceived social support and positive coping style of fire rescue personnel, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving the mental health and rescue ability of fire rescue personnel.
Distribution of in-situ stress and regional structural influence in the Luxin mining area and engineering applications
Authors: lu lang , wang feng , mu jun , mi jiangqinag , chen baohong , zhao pingping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In-situ stress is a significant factor in the occurrence of dynamic disasters in coal mines. Measured data from 22 measuring points in the Luxin mining area was analyzed to investigate the distribution of in-situ stress and regional structure action. The results reveal that in-situ stress in the Luxin mining area is predominantly a structure stress, it is mainly manifested in the medium and low stress levels. The maximum horizontal principal stress, minimum horizontal principal stress, and vertical principal stress are 5.47–18.8 MPa, 3-10.15 MPa, and 4.8–12.5 MPa, respectively, all of which exhibit a linear increase with depth. The lateral pressure ratio varies from 0.6 to 2.1, gradually approaching 1 with increasing depth. The differences between maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress range from 2.47 to 9.6 MPa. The predominant direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress in the Luxin mining area is NW. The influence of the F1 and F2 reverse faults alters this direction, with seven measuring points indicating a maximum horizontal principal stress direction of N (21.4°-78.6°) E. From the axis of the Xishan anticline to the bottom of the flanks, the maximum horizontal principal stress generally increases. The F1 and F2 reverse faults cause stress redistribution, leading to fluctuations in the maximum horizontal principal stress in the hanging wall region of these faults. Based on the measured in-situ stress data from Shadunzi coal mine, a roadway support scheme for the S4103 working face was developed, which improved roadway stability.
Prevalence and predictors of pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction in HIV-infected adolescents in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Amichoh Cressida Kfunsei , Adekunle Motunrayo Oluwabukola , Mabogunje Cecilia Abimbola , Animasahun Barakat Adeola , Ubuane Peter Odion , Salako Abideen Olurotimi , Olorunfemi Adesola , Peter Igoche David , Njokanma Fidelis Olisamedua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Right ventricular dysfunction (RV dysfunction) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The clinical manifestations are non-specific and similar to the cardiorespiratory symptoms of comorbid opportunistic infections in HIV-infected individuals, thus leading to misdiagnosis. However, there is a paucity of data on the burden of HIV-associated PAH and RV dysfunction in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. Hence, we evaluated the prevalence and predictors of PAH and RV dysfunction among adolescents living with HIV and uninfected controls.
Methods
This was an analytical, cross-sectional study of 90 HIV-infected adolescents and 90 HIV-negative controls aged 10–19 years. Using transthoracic echocardiography, pulmonary artery pressure was estimated using pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), and RV function was estimated using tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and RV fractional area change (RV FAC). Pulmonary artery hypertension was defined as a PASP ≥ 30 mmHg and RV dysfunction with a TAPSE of < 1.6 cm or RV FAC < 34%.
Results
The mean ages of the HIV-positive adolescents and controls were 14.81 ± 2.9 and 14.52 ± 2.8 years, respectively (p = 0.497). The prevalence of PAH was significantly greater in HIV-positive adolescents than in controls (7.8% vs 1.1%, p = 0.030), as was the prevalence of RV dysfunction (8.9% vs 1.1%, p = 0.017). PAH was independently associated with decreasing PCV (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 0.62 [0.29–0.91], p < 0.001), whereas RV dysfunction was independently associated with delayed age at diagnosis (age 10 years and above) (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 3.85 [1.34–7.01], p = 0.043).
Conclusion
Pulmonary artery hypertension and RV dysfunction were significantly more common among HIV-positive adolescents than among HIV-negative controls. Strengthening early diagnosis, prompt treatment with optimization of the hematologic profile and the integration of periodic echocardiography into routine HIV care are advocated.
Clinical trial number:
Not applicable