bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repair and regeneration: ferroptosis in the process of remodeling and fibrosis in impaired organs
Authors: Yin Jiali , Xu Xinjun , Guo Ying , Sun Caiyu , Yang Yujuan , Liu Huifang , Yu Pengyi , Wu Tong , Song Xicheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs common clinical-pathological processes, wound healing and tissue remodelling following injury or stimulation are essential topics in medical research. Promoting the effective healing of prolonged wounds, improving tissue repair and regeneration, and preventing fibrosis are important and challenging issues in clinical practice. Ferroptosis, which is characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxidation, is a nontraditional form of regulated cell death. Emerging evidence indicates that dysregulated metabolic pathways and impaired iron homeostasis play important roles in various healing and regeneration processes via ferroptosis. Thus, we review the intrinsic mechanisms of tissue repair and remodeling via ferroptosis in different organs and systems under various conditions, including the inflammatory response in skin wounds, remodeling of joints and cartilage, and fibrosis in multiple organs. Additionally, we summarize the common underlying mechanisms, key molecules, and targeted drugs for ferroptosis in repair and regeneration. Finally, we discuss the potential of therapeutic agents, small molecules, and novel materials emerging for targeting ferroptosis to promote wound healing and tissue repair and attenuate fibrosis.
High-harmonic generation by a bright squeezed vacuum
Authors: Rasputnyi Andrei , Chen Zhaopin , Birk Michael , Cohen Oren , Kaminer Ido , Krüger Michael , Seletskiy Denis , Chekhova Maria , Tani Francesco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh-harmonic generation has been driving the development of attosecond science and sources. More recently, high-harmonic generation in solids has been adopted by other communities as a method to study material properties. However, so far high-harmonic generation has only been driven by classical light, despite theoretical proposals to do so with quantum states of light. Here we observe non-perturbative high-harmonic generation in solids driven by a macroscopic quantum state of light, a bright squeezed vacuum, which we generate in a single spatiotemporal mode. The process driven by a bright squeezed vacuum is considerably more efficient in the generation of high harmonics than classical light of the same mean intensity. Due to its broad photon-number distribution, covering states from 0 to 2 × 1013 photons per pulse, and strong subcycle electric field fluctuations, a bright squeezed vacuum gives access to free carrier dynamics within a much broader range of peak intensities than accessible with classical light.
Mortality caused by tropical cyclones in the United States
Authors: Young Rachel , Hsiang Solomon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNatural disasters trigger complex chains of events within human societies1. Immediate deaths and damage are directly observed after a disaster and are widely studied, but delayed downstream outcomes, indirectly caused by the disaster, are difficult to trace back to the initial event1,2. Tropical cyclones (TCs)—that is, hurricanes and tropical storms—are widespread globally and have lasting economic impacts3–5, but their full health impact remains unknown. Here we conduct a large-scale evaluation of long-term effects of TCs on human mortality in the contiguous United States (CONUS) for all TCs between 1930 and 2015. We observe a robust increase in excess mortality that persists for 15 years after each geophysical event. We estimate that the average TC generates 7,000–11,000 excess deaths, exceeding the average of 24 immediate deaths reported in government statistics6,7. Tracking the effects of 501 historical storms, we compute that the TC climate of CONUS imposes an undocumented mortality burden that explains a substantial fraction of the higher mortality rates along the Atlantic coast and is equal to roughly 3.2–5.1% of all deaths. These findings suggest that the TC climate, previously thought to be unimportant for broader public health outcomes, is a meaningful underlying driver for the distribution of mortality risk in CONUS, especially among infants (less than 1 year of age), people 1–44 years of age, and the Black population. Understanding why TCs induce this excess mortality is likely to yield substantial health benefits.
Comparative analysis of direct coupling and MPPT control in standalone PV systems for solar energy optimization to meet sustainable building energy demands
Authors: Nataraj Chandrasekharan , Karthikeyan G. , Bharathi G. Jaya , Duraikannan Shankar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSolar energy, a prominent renewable source, has reached an installed capacity of 71.78 GW in India. This research explored the load demands of the computer center at an engineering college in Tanjore, Tamil Nadu, India. The computer center at the engineering college has an annual energy requirement of 260,552 kWh/Year. Consequently, the research focused on the planning and implementation of a standalone photovoltaic (SAPV) system, assessing it against the institution's total annual energy consumption. The performance ratio and losses of the SAPV system with both direct coupling and an MPPT charge controller was compared. This comparative analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two solar photovoltaic control methods—SAPV direct coupling and Maximum Power Point Tracking control—in optimizing energy harvesting from solar panels.
Development of a polygenic score predicting drug resistance and patient outcome in breast cancer
Authors: Sahu Divya , Shi Jeffrey , Segura Rueda Isaac Andres , Chatrath Ajay , Dutta Anindya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGene expression profiles of hundreds of cancer cell-lines and the cell-lines’ response to drug treatment were analyzed to identify genes whose expression correlated with drug resistance. In the GDSC dataset of 809 cancer cell lines, expression of 36 genes were associated with drug resistance (increased IC50) to many anti-cancer drugs. This was validated in the CTRP dataset of 860 cell lines. A polygenic score derived from the correlation coefficients of the 36 genes in cancer cell lines, UAB36, predicted resistance of cell lines to Tamoxifen. Although the 36 genes were selected from cell line behaviors, UAB36 successfully predicted survival of breast cancer patients in three different cohorts of patients treated with Tamoxifen. UAB36 outperforms two existing predictive gene signatures and is a predictor of outcome of breast cancer patients independent of the known clinical co-variates that affect outcome. This approach should provide promising polygenic biomarkers for resistance in many cancer types against specific drugs.
Chalcogen and halogen surface termination coverage in MXenes—structure, stability, and properties
Authors: Dahlqvist Martin , Rosen Johanna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMXenes are a diverse family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. They can be synthesized through both top-down approaches, such as selective etching of A-layers from MAX phases using acids or molten salts, and bottom-up approaches, such as direct synthesis using chemical vapor deposition. However, the degree of the surface termination coverage depends on the synthesis route and is one key parameter for controlling its properties. This study focuses on halogen- and chalcogen-terminated MXenes, particularly M2CTx where M = Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, and T = S, Se, Te, Cl, Br, I, and with surface termination coverage ranging from 100% (ideal, x = 2) to 50% (x = 1). The incorporation of oxygen on vacant termination sites was also evaluated. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we investigated the structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of these MXenes. Our findings reveal that non-ideal termination coverage (x < 2) is more favorable for MXenes terminated with a larger size of T, such as Ti2CBrx, Nb2CClx, and Ta2CClx, and leads to mixed termination sites and lower binding energies. A reduced binding energy may facilitate delamination into single sheets, however, too low termination coverage may also cause structural collapse. Electronic properties showed an increased number of states at the Fermi level under non-ideal coverage, potentially enhancing the conductivity. Mechanically, we find the moduli of MXenes to be comparable to other 2D materials, such as transition metal chalcogenides and hexagonal boron nitride, indicating their suitability for applications requiring flexibility and durability. This study underscores the potential of tailoring MXene properties through precise control of termination coverage and composition, paving the way for enhanced application-specific performance.
Anthropogenic climate change has reduced drought recovery probabilities across the western US
Authors: Williams Emily L. , Abatzoglou John T. , Hegewisch Katherine C. , Williams A. Park 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuring drought, resource managers want to know when the drought will end to make informed management decisions. However, as anthropogenic climate change has intensified drought conditions, we hypothesize it has affected drought recovery. Here, we leverage monthly self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index data across the western US derived from observations and climate models, and quantify the probability of drought recovery following severe drought. We find that the probability of drought recovery is ~25–50% lower in recent decades (2000–2021) than in the historical record (1901–1980), with at least one-third of the reduced recovery probability attributable to anthropogenic climate change. Climate model ensembles show reduced recovery probabilities in the contemporary era (2000–2040), primarily due to increased evaporative demand in non-winter months, resulting in an additional 1–4 months for droughts to recover compared with the historical record. These findings suggest climate change is slowing drought recovery, with ramifications for water management decisions and drought planning.
Exploiting the determinant factors on the available flexibility area of ADNs at TSO‐DSO interface
Authors: Rabiee Abbas , Bessa Ricardo J. , Sumaili Jean , Keane Andrew , Soroudi Alireza 
Published: October 2024

AbstractActive distribution networks (ADNs) are consistently being developed as a result of increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy transition from fossil‐fuel‐based to zero carbon era. This penetration poses technical challenges for the operation of both transmission and distribution networks. The determination of the active/reactive power capability of ADNs will provide useful information at the transmission and distribution systems interface. For instance, the transmission system operator (TSO) can benefit from reactive power and reserve services which are readily available by the DERs embedded within the downstream ADNs, which are managed by the distribution system operator (DSO). This article investigates the important factors affecting the active/reactive power flexibility area of ADNs such as the joint active and reactive power dispatch of DERs, dependency of the ADN's load to voltage, parallel distribution networks, and upstream network parameters. A two‐step optimization model is developed which can capture the P/Q flexibility area, by considering the above factors and grid technical constraints such as its detailed power flow model. The numerical results from the IEEE 69‐bus standard distribution feeder underscore the critical importance of considering various factors to characterize the ADN's P/Q flexibility area. Ignoring these factors can significantly impact the shape and size of Active Distribution Networks (ADN) P/Q flexibility maps. Specifically, the Constant Power load model exhibits the smallest flexibility area; connecting to a weak upstream network diminishes P/Q flexibility, and reactive power redispatch improves active power flexibility margins. Furthermore, the collaborative support of reactive power from a neighboring distribution feeder, connected in parallel with the studied ADN, expands the achievable P/Q flexibility. These observations highlight the significance of accurately characterizing transmission and distribution network parameters. Such precision is fundamental for ensuring a smooth energy transition and successful integration of hybrid renewable energy technologies into ADNs.
Entwicklung und Evaluation des OF-Pelvis-Scores bei osteoporotischen Beckenringfrakturen – retrospektive Beurteilung der Therapieempfehlung anhand von 107 Patienten
Authors: Spiegl Ulrich Josef Albert , Schnake Klaus J. , Scheyerer Max J , Mendel Thomas , Osterhoff Georg , Sprengel Kai , Bäumlein Martin , Behr Lars , Franck Alexander , Gercek Erol , Grüninger Sebastian , Hartung Philipp , Hauck Stefan , Jacobs Cornelius , Katscher Sebastian , Klauke Friederike , Liepold Katja , Müller Christian W. , Müller Michael , Piltz Stefan , Pätzold Robert , Riehle Marion , Schmeiser Gregor , Verheyden Akhil P. , Zimmermann Volker , Ullrich Bernhard ,   AG Osteoporotische Frakturen der Sektion Wirbelsäule der DGOU
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungZiel dieser Studie war die Entwicklung und klinische Evaluation eines Scores, der bei der Entscheidung für eine konservative oder operative Therapie bei osteoporotischen Beckenfrakturen unterstützen soll.In den Jahren 2018 bis 2020 erfolgte die Entwicklung des OF-Pelvis-Scores im Rahmen von insgesamt 5 Treffen der AG Osteoporotische Frakturen der Sektion Wirbelsäule der DGOU. Der OF-Pelvis-Score als Entscheidungshilfe zwischen konservativer und operativer Therapie wurde im Expertenkonsens nach Analyse zahlreicher geriatrischer Sakrum- und Beckenringfrakturen aus mehreren Kliniken entwickelt. Anschließend erfolgte die retrospektive Evaluation des Scores an konsekutiven Patienten aus 3 Kliniken.Folgende Parameter wurden für die Entscheidung zwischen operativem und konservativem Vorgehen als relevant angesehen und flossen in den Score ein: Frakturmorphologie anhand der OF-Pelvis-Klassifikation, Schmerzsituation, Mobilisation, frakturbedingte neurologische Defizite, Gesundheitszustand sowie die Modifier, die bereits in die OF-Pelvis-Klassifikation integriert sind. Bei einem Punktwert < 8 wird eine konservative Therapie empfohlen, bei einem Punktwert > 8 eine operative und bei einem Punktwert von 8 besteht eine relative Operationsindikation. Der OF-Pelvis-Score wurde dann bei insgesamt 107 Patienten retrospektiv nach Aktenlage berechnet. Der OF-Pelvis-Score betrug 8 Punkte bei 4 Patienten (3,7%), die alle operativ versorgt wurden. Von den restlichen 103 Patienten wurden 93 Score-konform therapiert (90,3%). Dabei lehnten 4 der nicht Score-konform versorgten Patienten die empfohlene Operation ab, sodass die tatsächliche Therapieempfehlung in 94,2% Score-konform
war.Der OF-Pelvis-Score basiert auf der Frakturmorphologie und klinischen Parametern und ermöglicht die Ableitung einer Therapieempfehlung. Aufgrund der verwendeten klinischen Parameter ist der Score dynamisch und spiegelt die sich ändernde klinische Situation auch im Verlauf wider. In der retrospektiven Evaluation zeigten die OF-Pelvis-Score-basierten Therapieempfehlungen eine sehr hohe Übereinstimmungsrate mit der tatsächlich durchgeführten Therapie.
Amine-Ligated Boryl Radical Enabled Hydrofunctionalization of Styrenes via Halogen-Atom Transfer of Alkyl and Aryl Bromides
Authors: Yasukawa Naoki , Nakamura Shuichi , Naito Seiya , Obata Koki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate an amine-ligated boryl radical mediated halogen-atom transfer (XAT) strategy with alkyl and aryl bromides to construct C(sp
3)–C(sp
3) and C(sp
3)–C(sp
2) bonds, respectively. The first step involves the photocatalytic and decarboxylative generation of amine-ligated boryl radicals from a carboxylic acid containing amine-ligated borane. The resulting amine-ligated boryl radical undergoes XAT with organobromides to generate carbon-centered radicals, which react with styrenes to afford hydrofunctionalized products. Furthermore, this photocatalytic XAT strategy can be applied to synthesize gem-difluorostyrene and 1,1-disubstituted cyclopropane through a radical-polar crossover mechanism.
Pulmonary Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor: A Case Report
Authors: Bruyninckx Lotte , De Leyn Paul , Van Raemdonck Dirk , Jansen Yanina , Coppens Katrien , Vermeulen Francois , Weynand Birgit , Gieraerts Christopher , Decaluwé Herbert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that occurs predominantly in children and young adults. Etiology remains unclear. But based on the frequent detection of chromosomic alterations, especially near the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene, IMT is now considered to be a true neoplasm. In addition, the possible aggressive behavior, and the ability to metastasize suggest at least an intermediate malignant potential. Surgery remains the treatment of choice, but the use of chemotherapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy are reported. We describe a case of a pulmonary IMT in a 6-year-old boy with an incidental finding of a lesion in the right upper lobe. A video-assisted thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy with lymph node resection was performed. Microscopic examination confirmed the diagnosis of IMT with the nodule showing spindle cells in a background of plasma cells. ALK immunohistochemical expression was negative.
Outcomes of Trochleoplasty versus Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy for Treatment of Patellar Instability Associated with Trochlear Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bedeir Yehia H. , Deghidy Ehsan Akram Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study compared the outcomes of tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) and trochleoplasty for the treatment of patellar instability associated with trochlear dysplasia. This was a systematic review of the literature including published articles that describe either trochleoplasty or TTO in addition to medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for the surgical treatment of patellar instability associated with trochleoplasty. Main outcomes assessed were Kujala and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, in addition to recurrent instability and complications. Outcome measures reported were provided in a table format and a subjective analysis was performed. Ten studies were included with a total of 362 knees including 132 in the trochleoplasty group and 230 in the TTO group. Mean follow-up ranged from 27.6 to 61.3 months. At the final follow-up, both Kujala and IKDC scores improved significantly in all studies that reported both preoperative and postoperative scores in both groups. There was a total of three instability events in the trochleoplasty group as opposed to 21 in the TTO group. Both procedures, trochleoplasty and TTO, may provide satisfactory functional improvement in patients with patellar instability associated with trochlear dysplasia. However, trochleoplasty may be a better option to minimize the risk of recurrent instability. Level of evidence: level IV, systematic review of level III and level IV studies.
Preclinical Evidence of Mulberry Leaf Polysaccharides on Diabetic Kidney Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Yisu , Chen Baifan , Zhang Jinghong , Wang Dan , Ruan Yuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLPs) have a variety of biological activities. Preliminary scattered evidence of preclinical studies have reported their potenzial effects on diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Here, we intended to assess the preclinical evidence of MLPs and explore their potenzial mechanisms on DKD, offering a scientific reference for the therapeutic use of MLPs. The study has been registered under the CRD42022309117 registration number at PROSPERO. Comprehensive search was conducted across eight databases from their establishment till January 2024, and eight studies with 270 animals were included in the meta-analysis. The primary outcome measurements in the MLP group, including serum creatinine (Scr) (P = 0.0005), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (P = 0.02), 24-hour urinary protein (UP) (P = 0.001), and urinary microalbumin (UAlb) (P < 0.0001), were significantly reduced compared to the control group. Additionally, MLP treatment was significantly correlated with
fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), protein expression of TGF-β1, CTGF mRNA, and the kidney index (all P values < 0.05) and delayed the progression of local pathological changes in the kidney. Subgroup analysis revealed significant species differences in the efficacy of MLPs. Also, it showed that the dosage of streptozotocin potenzially affected the Scr and UAlb results, while the duration of MLP treatment influenced UAlb results. MLPs may exert potenzial renal protection by delaying renal fibrosis, inhibiting inflammatory reactions, suppressing the growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor–insulin-like growth factor binding protein axis, and regulating the insulin receptor pathway. In summary, MLPs have multifaceted renal protective effects, suggesting their potenzial for treating DKD.
Overview of the neutron diagnostic systems for the SPARC tokamak
Authors: Raj P. , Ball J. L. , Carmichael J. , Frenje J. A. , Gocht R. , Gorini G. , Holmes I. , Johnson M. Gatu , Kennedy R. , Mackie S. , Nocente M. , Panontin E. , Petruzzo M. , Rebai M. , Reinke M. , Rice J. , Rigamonti D. , Rosa M. Dalla , Saltos A. A. , Tardocchi M. , Tinguely R. A. , Wang X. 
Published: October 2024

Neutron measurement is the primary tool in the SPARC tokamak for fusion power (Pfus) monitoring, research on the physics of burning plasmas, validation of the neutronics simulation workflows, and providing feedback for machine protection. A demanding target uncertainty (10% for Pfus) and coverage of a wide dynamic range (&gt;8 orders of magnitude going up to 5 × 1019 n/s), coupled with a fast-track timeline for design and deployment, make the development of the SPARC neutron diagnostics challenging. Four subsystems are under design that exploit the high flux of direct DT and DD plasma neutrons emanating from a shielded opening in a midplane diagnostic port. The systems comprise a set of ∼15 flux monitors, mainly ionization chambers and proportional counters for measurement of the neutron yield rate, two independent foil activation systems for measurement of the neutron fluence, a spectrometric radial neutron camera for poloidal profiling of the plasma emissivity, and a high-resolution magnetic proton recoil spectrometer for measurement of the core neutron spectrum. Together, the four systems ensure redundancy of sensors and methods and aim to provide high resolutions of time (10 ms), space (∼7 cm), and energy (&lt;2% at 14 MeV). This paper presents the broader objectives behind the preliminary design of the SPARC neutron diagnostics and discusses the ongoing studies on neutronics, detector comparisons, prototyping, and integration with the unique infrastructure of SPARC. Engineering details of the four subsystems and the concepts for in situ neutron calibration are also highlighted.