bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and economic implications of upper gastrointestinal adverse events in Asian rheumatological patients on long‐term non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs
Authors: Pok Lydia Say Lee , Shabaruddin Fatiha Hana , Dahlui Maznah , Sockalingam Sargunan , Mohamed Said Mohd Shahrir , Rosman Azmillah , Lau Ing Soo , Isa Liza Mohd , Hussein Heselynn , Ng Chin Teck , Mahadeva Sanjiv 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo determine the incidence and direct costs of NSAID‐induced upper GI adverse events in Malaysian rheumatology patients.MethodsA retrospective, multi‐centre, cohort study of rheumatology patients on long‐term NSAIDs was conducted. Clinical data of patients treated between 2010 and 2013 were collected for a 24‐month follow‐up period. The costs of managing upper GI adverse events were based on patient level resource use data.ResultsSix hundred and thirty‐four patients met the inclusion criteria: mean age 53.4 years, 89.9% female, diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA; 59.3%), osteoarthritis (OA; 10.3%) and both RA and OA (30.3%). Three hundred and seventy‐one (58.5%) patients were prescribed non‐selective NSAIDs and 263 (41.5%) had cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors. Eighty‐four upper GI adverse events occurred, translating into a risk of 13.2% and an incidence rate of 66.2 per 1000 person‐years. GI adverse events comprised: dyspepsia n = 78 (12.3%), peptic ulcer disease (PUD) n = 5 (0.79%) and upper GI bleeding (UGIB) n = 1 (0.16%). The total direct healthcare cost of managing adverse events was Malaysian Ringgit (MR) 37 352 (US dollars [USD] 11 419) with a mean cost of MR 446.81 ± 534.56 (USD 136.60 ± 163.42) per patient, consisting mainly of GI pharmacotherapy (33.8%), oesophagoduodenoscopies (23.1%) and outpatient clinic visits (18.2%). Mean cost per patient by GI events were: dyspepsia, MR 408.98 ± 513.29 (USD125.03 ± 156.92); PUD, MR 805.93 ± 578.80 (USD 246.39 ± 176.95); UGIB, MR 1601.94 (USD 489.74, n = 1).ConclusionThe economic burden of GI adverse events due to long‐term NSAIDs use in Malaysian patients with chronic rheumatic diseases is modest.
Prevalence and predictors of asymptomatic vertebral fractures in inflammatory myositis
Authors: Gupta Latika , Lawrence Able , Edavalath Sukesh , Misra Ramnath 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the frequency and risk factors of asymptomatic vertebral fractures in inflammatory myositis.Patients and methodsDorsal and lumbar spine lateral radiographs were taken for adults with inflammatory myositis and scored using Genant's semi‐quantitative technique. Demographic data, weight, height, postmenopausal status, duration of corticosteroid use, drug intake, co‐morbidities and past history of fractures were recorded. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Myositis Damage Index (MDI) was also assessed. All results are expressed in median and interquartile range.ResultsOne hundred patients (82 female) with myositis of median age 35.5 (28.5–46) years and disease duration 3.0 (1.81–8.0) years were studied. Thirty‐five patients had adult dermatomyositis (DM), 26 polymyositis, 31 connective tissue disease‐associated myositis and eight had juvenile onset myositis. Seventeen were postmenopausal women. Forty‐six patients had asymptomatic vertebral fractures and 19 had more than one fracture. Half the fractures occurred in those with disease duration of <5 years. Of the 69 fractures, 47 (68.1%), 16 (23.2%) and 6 (8.7%) were mild, moderate and severe, respectively. The 11th and 12th thoracic vertebrae were together the most commonly (30.4%) affected. Of the 70 who underwent BMD assessment, 62.7% were osteopenic and 26.9% were osteoporotic. T scores of DEXA scan at the lower third of the radius correlated negatively with fracture number (r = −0.27 (−0.50 to −0.005), P = 0.04). Gender, age, disease duration, years of corticosteroid intake, body mass index, years post‐menopause and MDI had no correlation with number of fractures.ConclusionPatients with inflammatory myositis have high prevalence of asymptomatic vertebral fractures.
MEFV gene testing may guide physicians for early diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Tezcan Mehmet E. , Avci Mehmet , Mercan Ridvan , Aliustaoglu Mehmet , Sargin Mehmet 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is characterized by recurrent attacks of polyserositis. Even though clinical assessment is accepted to be the most important factor in the diagnosis of FMF, some diagnostic procedures may help the physician. In this study, we aimed to compare the number of diagnostic procedures performed and number of physician referrals in early diagnosed and late diagnosed cases. Furthermore, we assessed which diagnostic approaches would affect the decision‐making of physicians in the early diagnosed patients.Materials and methodsWe enrolled into the study 143 FMF patients who met the Tel‐Hashomer Criteria. Demographic variables, MEFV mutations (when available), diagnostic procedures (if performed) and specialist referrals were evaluated. Early diagnosis was defined as establishment of definite diagnosis within a 5‐year period after the appearance of the first symptom.ResultsEarly diagnosed were referred to physicians less often, and except for genetic testing, had fewer diagnostic procedures. In addition to clinical features, MEFV testing was found to be the only method that might influence the diagnosis by a physician.ConclusionsMEFV gene assessment, unlike other diagnostic procedures, might support physicians in the early diagnosis of FMF. Especially in atypical cases, MEFV gene assessment might be considered for diagnosis of FMF.
Dermoscopy of arteriovenous tumour: A morphological study of 39 cases
Authors: Zaballos Pedro , Medina Carolina , del Pozo Luis J , Gómez‐Martín Ignacio , Bañuls José 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesArteriovenous tumour is a distinct, benign, acquired vascular lesion that can be misdiagnosed.MethodsA dermoscopic examination of 39 cases of arteriovenous tumours collected from four Spanish hospitals was performed to evaluate specific dermoscopic criteria and patterns.ResultsThe most common structures found were vascular, 95% of cases (37/39); 90% (35/39) were non‐arborising telangiectasia. All the lesions except two (95%) had a homogeneous pigmentation background that was red in 30 cases (77%), bluish‐red in three (8%), brown in two (5%) and blue or multicoloured in one case each. Lacunae were seen in only three cases (8%). Non‐arborising telangiectasia on a reddish background was identified in 72% of cases.ConclusionsDermoscopy is helpful in improving the diagnosis of arteriovenous tumours and allows the observer to differentiate them from other cutaneous lesions such as other vascular tumours, basal cell carcinomas and melanomas.
Replanted teeth stored in a newly developed powdered coconut water formula
Authors: Reis Manuella Verdinelli de Paula , Soares Carlos José , Soares Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira , Rocha Aletheia Moraes , Salgueiro Cristiane Clemente de Mello , Sobral Márcia Helena Niza Ramalho , Moura Camilla Christian Gomes 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground/AimA newly developed powdered coconut water formulae (ACP‐404) has been proposed to preserve periodontal ligament cell viability. The aim of this study was to investigate the periodontal healing of dog teeth replanted after storage in ACP‐404 with 2 different osmolalities.Materials and MethodsSixty teeth of 10 adult beagle dogs were extracted and randomly subjected to the following protocols: immediate replantation after extraction (positive control); dry conditions (negative control); and storage in ACP‐404 I (G1), ACP‐404 II (G2), in coconut water long shelf life (G3) or in pH‐neutralized coconut water long shelf life (G4) for 50 minutes before replantation. The animals were euthanized 28 days post‐operatively and processed for histomorphometric analysis using an optical microscope. The groups were subjected to histomorphometric analysis compared with immediate replantation and dry conditions. The data were statistically analysed using the Kruskal‐Wallis test with post‐analysis using Dunnett's test.ResultsThe normal periodontal area was significantly higher for the G1 than for the G2 and G3 groups (P < .001). The positive control group presented similar normal periodontal areas compared to the experimental groups, except for the G3 and negative control groups (P < .001). G1 presented the lowest level of external root replacement resorption compared to the other groups (P < .05). All storage solutions had similar periodontal conditions for repaired resorption areas, inflammatory root resorption, ankylosis and replacement resorption (P > .05).ConclusionsACP‐404 I (G1) was better overall and was able to preserve the normal periodontium and had less external root replacement resorption.
Winter movement activity patterns of anadromous Arctic charr in two Labrador lakes
Authors: Mulder Ingeborg M. , Morris Corey J. , Dempson J. Brian , Fleming Ian A. , Power Michael 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAnadromous Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, feed in the marine environment for several months during the summer and migrate back to fresh water in late summer to spawn and/or overwinter. While overwintering, anadromous Arctic charr are generally believed to reduce or cease feeding, and they are poorly described in their winter movement activity. This study used telemetry data collected from two locations to describe overwintering movement activity, including interindividual variation. Movement activity declined markedly during the ice‐covered period, suggesting opportunistic maintenance feeding was used as an energy conservation strategy. Fall and spring movement was correlated with daylight hours, and ice break‐up had a significant effect on the timing of outmigration. Movement activity was negatively correlated with body length, with smaller individuals being more active than larger fish. Although general activity patterns were evident, there were significant differences among individuals, particularly during spring immediately prior to lake departure. Lake size and individual differences in metabolic rate may account for some of this variation.
Dothistroma spp. in Western Ukraine and Georgia
Authors: Matsiakh I. , Doğmuş‐Lehtijärvi H. T. , Kramarets V. , Aday Kaya A. G. , Oskay F. , Drenkhan R. , Woodward Steve 
Published: January 2018

SummaryDothistroma needle blight (DNB) is among the most serious foliar diseases affecting Pinus spp. globally. Infected needles were collected from potential host species in four locations in western Ukraine and in four locations in eastern Georgia during spring–summer 2015 to update the knowledge on pathogen distribution in these countries. Dothistroma spp. were detected using isolation, sequencing and species‐specific priming (SSPP) PCR. Two new hosts for Dothistroma spp. were recorded in western Ukraine: D. septosporum on Pinus nigra var. australica and D. pini on P. nigra var. mollet. D. septosporum was found on 15‐year‐old P. strobus in western Ukraine. New hosts for D. septosporum were recorded in Georgia on 5‐ to 10‐year‐old naturally regenerated P. sylvestris var. hamata and on 40‐ to 50‐year‐old P. ponderosa trees. D. pini was found for the first time in Georgia on 30‐ to 40‐year‐old P. nigra trees. The work confirmed the presence of both D. septosporum and D. pini in western Ukraine and Georgia, and demonstrated new hosts for both Dothistroma species.
Bioerosion in a changing world: a conceptual framework
Authors: Davidson Timothy M. , Altieri Andrew H. , Ruiz Gregory M. , Torchin Mark E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBioerosion, the breakdown of hard substrata by organisms, is a fundamental and widespread ecological process that can alter habitat structure, biodiversity and biogeochemical cycling. Bioerosion occurs in all biomes of the world from the ocean floor to arid deserts, and involves a wide diversity of taxa and mechanisms with varying ecological effects. Many abiotic and biotic factors affect bioerosion by acting on the bioeroder, substratum, or both. Bioerosion also has socio‐economic impacts when objects of economic or cultural value such as coastal defences or monuments are damaged. We present a unifying definition and advance a conceptual framework for (a) examining the effects of bioerosion on natural systems and human infrastructure and (b) identifying and predicting the impacts of anthropogenic factors (e.g. climate change, eutrophication) on bioerosion. Bioerosion is responding to anthropogenic changes in multiple, complex ways with significant and wide‐ranging effects across systems. Emerging data further underscore the importance of bioerosion, and need for mitigating its impacts, especially at the dynamic land–sea boundary. Generalised predictions remain challenging, due to context‐dependent effects and nonlinear relationships that are poorly resolved. An integrative and interdisciplinary approach is needed to understand how future changes will alter bioerosion dynamics across biomes and taxa.
Otolith chemistry does not just reflect environmental conditions: A meta‐analytic evaluation
Authors: Izzo Christopher , Reis‐Santos Patrick , Gillanders Bronwyn M 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFish otoliths are widely used to answer biological and ecological questions related to movements and habitat use based on their chemical composition. Two fundamental assumptions underlie otoliths as environmental tracers and proxies for reconstructing exposure histories: (i) otolith chemistry reflects water chemistry, and (ii) ambient environmental conditions affect otolith element incorporation. Here, we test these assumptions for Sr and Ba through meta‐analyses. Our first meta‐analysis confirmed a correlation between concentrations of Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca in otoliths and the surrounding water, both elements displaying positive otolith–water correlations. The second meta‐analysis examined the relative influences of salinity and temperature on otolith Sr and Ba partition coefficients (an index of otolith element regulation). Our environmental effects meta‐analysis confirmed that otolith Sr and Ba are affected by temperature and salinity; however, study‐level covariates (e.g., water chemical concentrations and species ecological niche) influenced otolith element incorporation, and this varied by element. These findings confirm that even though otolith chemistry and elemental incorporation are differentially affected by environmental conditions, other factors play a decisive role. While we focused on studies that directly linked water and otolith chemistry, systematic reviews are key to further demonstrate the link between otolith chemistry and extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Ultimately, disentangling the relative effects of multiple factors on otolith chemistry and a detailed understanding of biomineralization is critical to the continued use of otoliths as natural tags for tracing fish movements and habitat use.
The relationship between the spatial scaling of biodiversity and ecosystem stability
Authors: Delsol Robin , Loreau Michel , Haegeman Bart 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimEcosystem stability and its link with biodiversity have mainly been studied at the local scale. Here we present a simple theoretical model to address the joint dependence of diversity and stability on spatial scale, from local to continental.MethodsThe notion of stability we use is based on the temporal variability of an ecosystem‐level property, such as primary productivity. In this way, our model integrates the well‐known species–area relationship (SAR) with a recent proposal to quantify the spatial scaling of stability, called the invariability–area relationship (IAR).ResultsWe show that the link between the two relationships strongly depends on whether the temporal fluctuations of the ecosystem property of interest are more correlated within than between species. If fluctuations are correlated within species but not between them, then the IAR is strongly constrained by the SAR. If instead individual fluctuations are only correlated by spatial proximity, then the IAR is unrelated to the SAR. We apply these two correlation assumptions to explore the effects of species loss and habitat destruction on stability, and find a rich variety of multi‐scale spatial dependencies, with marked differences between the two assumptions.Main conclusionsThe dependence of ecosystem stability on biodiversity across spatial scales is governed by the spatial decay of correlations within and between species. Our work provides a point of reference for mechanistic models and data analyses. More generally, it illustrates the relevance of macroecology for ecosystem functioning and stability.
Identification of miR‐305, a microRNA that promotes aging, and its target mRNAs in Drosophila
Authors: Ueda Makiko , Sato Tetsuya , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Inoue Yoshihiro H. 
Published: January 2018

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of important biological processes. Here, we describe a novel Drosophila miRNAs involved in aging. We selected eight Drosophila miRNAs, displaying high homology with seed sequences of aging‐related miRNAs characterized in other species, and investigated whether the over‐expression of these miRNAs affected aging in Drosophila adult flies. The lifespan of adults over‐expressing miR‐305, a miRNA showing high homology with miR‐239 in C. elegans, was significantly shorter. Conversely, a reduction in miR‐305 expression led to a longer lifespan than that in control flies. miR‐305 over‐expression accelerated the impairment of locomotor activity and promoted the age‐dependent accumulation of poly‐ubiquitinated protein aggregates in the muscle, as flies aged. Thus, we show that the ectopic expression of miR‐305 has a deleterious effect on aging in Drosophila. To identify the targets of miR‐305, we performed RNA‐Seq. We discovered several mRNAs encoding antimicrobial peptides and insulin‐like peptides, whose expression changed in adults upon miR‐305 over‐expression. We further confirmed, by qRT‐PCR, that miR‐305 over‐expression significantly decreases the mRNA levels of four antimicrobial peptides. As these mRNAs contain multiple sequences matching the seed sequence of miR‐305, we speculate that a reduction in target mRNA levels, caused by ectopic miRNA expression, promotes aging.
A salinity‐tolerant japonica cultivar has Na+ exclusion mechanism at leaf sheaths through the function of a Na+ transporter OsHKT1;4 under salinity stress
Authors: Wangsawang T. , Chuamnakthong S. , Kohnishi E. , Sripichitt P. , Sreewongchai T. , Ueda A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate differences in patterns of physiological responses to salinity stress among five japonica rice cultivars in comparison with FL478 as a salinity tolerance check. Five japonica cultivars were screened for salinity tolerance at seedling stage based on visual symptoms of salt injury index and physiological parameters including dry matter production, electrolyte leakage ratio and ion concentration. The results indicated that cultivars Ouukan383 and FL478 were relatively more salinity tolerant than other cultivars and that Kanniho was the most salinity‐sensitive cultivar. Ouukan383 showed higher leaf water content and lower electrolyte leakage ratio under salinity stress. Notably, under salinity stress, Na+ concentration in the leaf blades was much lower in Ouukan383 than in FL478, but was much higher in Kanniho. To understand the basis for these differences, we studied transcript levels of the genes encoding Na+ transport proteins in different tissues. In response to salinity stress, Ouukan383 had highly induced expression of the OsHKT1;4 gene in the leaf sheaths, corresponding to higher Na+ accumulation in the leaf sheaths and lower Na+ accumulation in the leaf blades. On the other hand, the sensitive cultivar, Kanniho, had highly induced expression of the OsSOS1 and OsNHX1 genes in the leaf blades, whose gene products are responsible for Na+ efflux outside cells and Na+ compartmentalization into vacuoles. Thus, the salinity‐tolerant and salinity‐sensitive cultivars differed in their responses to Na+ fluxes in plant cells using different transport systems in each tissue type. The salinity‐tolerant japonica cultivar, Ouukan383, has an effective Na+ exclusion mechanism at the leaf sheaths to prevent Na+ accumulation in the leaf blades. Such a mechanism, in combination with other genetic traits (e.g. Na+ exclusion at the roots mediated by OsHKT1;5), offers the potential to improve salinity tolerance in rice.
Emerging role of Twist1 in fibrotic diseases
Authors: Ning Xiaoxuan , Zhang Kun , Wu Qingfeng , Liu Minna , Sun Shiren 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEpithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a pathological process that occurs in a variety of diseases, including organ fibrosis. Twist1, a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor, is involved in EMT and plays significant roles in various fibrotic diseases. Suppression of the EMT process represents a promising approach for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. In this review, we discuss the roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms of Twist1 in fibrotic diseases, including those affecting kidney, lung, skin, oral submucosa and other tissues. We aim at providing new insight into the pathogenesis of various fibrotic diseases and facilitating the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods for their treatment.
Leucocyte and Platelet‐rich Fibrin: a carrier of autologous multipotent cells for regenerative medicine
Authors: Di Liddo Rosa , Bertalot Thomas , Borean Alessio , Pirola Ivan , Argentoni Alberto , Schrenk Sandra , Cenzi Carola , Capelli Stefano , Conconi Maria Teresa , Parnigotto Pier Paolo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe wound healing is a complex process wherein inflammation, proliferation and regeneration evolve according to a spatio‐temporal pattern from the activation of coagulation cascade to the formation of a plug clot including fibrin matrix, blood‐borne cells and cytokines/growth factors. Creating environments conducive to tissue repair, the haemoderivatives are commonly proposed for the treatment of hard‐to‐heal wounds. Here, we explored in vitro the intrinsic regenerative potentialities of a leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin product, known as CPL‐MB, defining the stemness grade of cells sprouting from the haemoderivative. Using highly concentrated serum‐based medium to simulate wound conditions, we isolated fibroblast‐like cells (CPL‐CMCs) adhering to plastic and showing stable in vitro propagation, heterogeneous stem cell expression pattern, endothelial adhesive properties and immunomodulatory profile. Due to their blood derivation and expression of CXCR4, CPL‐CMCs have been suggested to be immature cells circulating in peripheral blood at quiescent state until activation by both coagulation event and inflammatory stimuli such as stromal‐derived factor 1/SDF1. Expressing integrins (CD49f, CD103), vascular adhesion molecules (CD106, CD166), endoglin (CD105) and remodelling matrix enzymes (MMP2, MMP9, MMP13), they showed a transendothelial migratory potential besides multipotency. Taken together, our data suggested that a standardized, reliable and economically feasible blood product such as CPL‐MB functions as an artificial stem cell niche that, under permissive conditions, originate ex vivo immature cells that could be useful for autologous stem cell‐based therapies.