bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear AgNOR protein enhancement in nucleoplasms of peripheral blood lymphocytes of babies/children with down syndrome
Authors: Imamoglu Nalan , Eroz Recep , Canatan Halit , Demirtas Halil , Saatci Çetin 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTDown syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal disorders. The factors contributing to the mental retardation together with other defects in this syndrome have not been fully explained. Individuals with DS have extra rRNA gene family since they carry an extra chromosome 21. The few reports available are on the relationship between the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) and DS phenotype. The in vivo regulation of NORs expression on the extra chromosome 21 is not completely understood. Previous studies have shown that nucleoli of lymphocytes from infants (mostly neonates) with DS contain more in vivo and in vitro nucleolar AgNOR proteins when compared with healthy infants. The objective of this study is to compare the in vivo nuclear AgNOR protein level in nucleoplasms (also called as karyoplasm) of nonstimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from babies/children with DS and healthy controls. Peripheral blood samples obtained from 20 babies/children with DS and 20 matched healthy controls were smeared on clean glass slides and then AgNOR staining was performed. The AgNOR protein level in nucleoplasms of lymphocytes from both groups was calculated using a computer program. Nearly 100 interphase nuclei per individual were analysed. Average nuclear AgNOR protein levels in nucleoplasms of lymphocytes from babies/children with DS were found to be significantly higher than those of the controls (P < 0.001). On the basis of our present results, we propose that the increase of nuclear AgNOR protein in in vivo conditions may contribute to the formation of DS phenotypes. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:133–139, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do pancrelipase delayed‐release capsules have a protective role against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with pancreatic cancer? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Satoi Sohei , Sho Masayuki , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Yamamoto Tomohisa , Akahori Takahiro , Kinoshita Shoichi , Nagai Minako , Hirooka Satoshi , Yamaki So , Nishiwada Satoshi , Ryota Hironori , Ikeda Naoya , Nakajima Yoshiyuki , Kon Masanori 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to investigate whether pancrelipase protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development after pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with pancreatic cancer better than conventional pancreatic enzyme supplementation.MethodsA total of 57 patients were randomly assigned to the study group (n = 29; pancrelipase replacement therapy) or the control group (n = 28; conventional pancreatic enzyme supplementation). NAFLD was defined as a liver‐to‐spleen attenuation ratio less than 0.9 on CT. Clinical and laboratory findings were also assessed.ResultsNAFLD was observed in 6/29 patients (21%) in the study group, and 11/28 patients (39%) in the control group, but this was not a statistically significant difference. In the control group, crossover to pancrelipase replacement therapy upon NAFLD diagnosis produced improvement in five out of 10 patients. Multivariate analysis showed that advanced age and extended resection were independent risk factors for NAFLD development.ConclusionThis RCT did not show a significant protective effect of pancrelipase replacement therapy over conventional pancreatic enzyme supplementation on NAFLD development after pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. Further studies are clearly required to investigate the etiology of and new therapeutic strategies for treatment‐resistant NAFLD (UMIN 000019817).
Metabolic voxel‐based analysis of the complete human brain using fast 3D‐MRSI: Proof of concept in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Donadieu Maxime , Le Fur Yann , Lecocq Angèle , Maudsley Andrew A. , Gherib Soraya , Soulier Elisabeth , Confort‐Gouny Sylviane , Pariollaud Fanelly , Ranjeva Marie‐Pierre , Pelletier Jean , Guye Maxime , Zaaraoui Wafaa , Audoin Bertrand , Ranjeva Jean‐Philippe 
Published: January 2016

PurposeTo detect local metabolic abnormalities over the complete human brain in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, we used optimized fast volumic echo planar spectroscopic imaging (3D‐EPSI).Materials and MethodsWeighted mean combination of two 3D‐EPSI covering the whole brain acquired at 3T in AC‐PC and AC‐PC+15° axial planes was performed to obtain high‐quality metabolite maps for five metabolites: N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA), glutamate+glutamine (Glx), choline (Cho), myo‐inositol (m‐Ins), and creatine+phosphocreatine (tCr). After spatial normalization, maps from 19 patients suffering from relapsing‐remitting MS were compared to 19 matched controls using statistical mapping analyses to determine the topography of metabolic abnormalities. Probabilistic white matter (WM) T2 lesion maps and gray matter (GM) atrophy maps were also generated.ResultsTwo‐group analysis of variance (ANOVA) (SPM8, P < 0.005, false discovery rate [FDR]‐corrected P < 0.05 at the cluster level with age and sex as confounding covariates) comparing patients and controls matched for age and sex showed clusters of abnormal metabolite levels with 1) decreased NAA (around –15%) and Glx (around 20%) predominantly in GM within prefrontal cortices, motor cortices, bilateral thalami, and mesial temporal cortices in line with neuronal/neuro‐astrocytic dysfunction; 2) increased m‐Ins (around + 20%) inside WM T2 lesions and in the normal‐appearing WM of temporal‐occipital lobes, suggesting glial activation.ConclusionWe demonstrate the ability to noninvasively map over the complete brain—from vertex to cerebellum—with a validated sequence, the metabolic abnormalities associated with MS, for characterizing the topography of pathological processes affecting widespread areas of WM and GM and its functional impact. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:411–419.
Mechanical assessment of the effects of metastatic lytic defect on the structural response of human thoracolumbar spine
Authors: Alkalay Ron N. , Harrigan Timothy P. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTTo investigate the effects of a clinical lytic defect on the structural response of human thoracolumbar functional spinal unit. A novel CT‐compatible mechanical test system was used to image the deformation of a T12‐L1 motion segment and measure the change in strain response under compressive loads ranging from 50 to 750 N. A lytic lesion (LM) with cortex involvement (33% by volume) was introduced to the upper vertebral body and the CT experiments were repeated. Finite element models, established from the CT volumes, were used to investigate the defect's effects on the structural response and the state of principal and shear stresses within the affected and adjacent vertebrae. The lytic lesion resulted in severe loss of the vertebral structural competence, resulting in significant, non‐linear, and asymmetric increase in the experimentally measured strains and computed stresses within both vertebrae (p < 0.01). At the cortex, the tensile strains were significantly increased, while compressive strains significantly decreased, (p < 0.05). Both the vertebral bone and cortex regions adjacent to the defect showed significant increase in computed compressive, tensile, and shear stresses (p < 0.01). Changes in stress and strain distribution within the affected and adjacent vertebral bone and the experimentally observed bulging and buckling of the vertebral cortices suggested that initiation of catastrophic vertebral failure may occur under load magnitudes encountered in daily living. Although the effect of LM on the global deformation of the spine was well‐predicted, our results show that FE predictions of local strain changes must be carefully assessed for clinical relevance. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1808–1819, 2016.
Tetrandrine suppresses articular inflammatory response by inhibiting pro‐inflammatory factors via NF‐κB inactivation
Authors: Gao Li‐Na , Feng Qi‐Shuai , Zhang Xin‐Fang , Wang Qiang‐Song , Cui Yuan‐Lu 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTTargeting activated macrophages using anti‐inflammatory phytopharmaceuticals has been proposed as general therapeutic approaches for rheumatic diseases. Besides macrophages, chondrocytes are another promising target of anti‐inflammatory agents. Tetrandrine is a major bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Stephania tetrandrae S. Moore which has been used for 2,000 years as an antirheumatic herbal drug in China. Although, the anti‐inflammatory effect of tetrandrine has been demonstrated, the mechanism has not been clearly clarified. In this study, we designed a comprehensive anti‐inflammatory evaluation system for tetrandrine, including complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced arthritis rat, LPS‐induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, and chondrogenic ATDC5 cells. The results showed that tetrandrine alleviated CFA‐induced foot swelling, synovial inflammation, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines secretion. Tetrandrine could inhibit IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α expression via blocking the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB p65 in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, ATDC5 cells well responded to LPS induced pro‐inflammatory mediators secretion and tissue degradation, and tetrandrine could also inhibit the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2, as well as the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1 via inhibiting IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. In conclusion, the results showed that one of the anti‐inflammatory mechanisms of tetrandrine was inhibiting IκBα and NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation in LPS‐induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and chondrogenic ATDC5 cells. Moreover, we introduce a vigorous in vitro cell screening system, LPS‐induced murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells coupling chondrogenic ADTC5 cells, for screening anti‐rheumatic drugs. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1557–1568, 2016.
Response of wheat seedlings to Mn‐lignosulfonate adhered to granular NPK
Authors: Hernández‐Apaolaza Lourdes , Martín‐Ortiz Diego , Gárate Agustín 
Published: January 2016

AbstractManganese (Mn) deficiency is a widespread crop micronutrient disorder. The aim of this work was to evaluate two NPK fertilizers coated with Mn that eliminate the specific labor cost for applying Mn and that allow the correction of Mn deficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two Mn sources [MnSO4 and Mn‐lignosulfonate (MnLS)] were compared as NPK coatings at doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0% (w/w) in hydroponic, perlite, and soil pot cultures under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions with wheat to evaluate the effects on dry matter production and Mn concentrations. For the NPK+MnLS product, 52–63% of the total Mn remained in solution at calcareous conditions. However, the NPK+MnSO4 product was able to maintain only 14–25% of the total Mn added in solution. As expected, the MnLS product resulted in higher Mn concentrations in shoots than the MnSO4 product due to the Mn complexation by lignosulfonate which preserved Mn from precipitation and maintained it available for plants. In the experiment with perlite as growth substrate, at low Mn dose (0.1% Mn) a similar Mn concentration in wheat shoots was found (57 mg kg−1 DW for the MnSO4 coating versus 72 mg kg−1 DW for MnLS coating), but at the highest dose (1.0% Mn) the NPK+MnLS showed a significant increase in shoot Mn concentration (167 versus 132 mg kg−1 DW). Soil application of coated NPK products showed similar Mn concentrations in shoots with both Mn sources (29–37 mg kg−1 DW), except for the NPK+MnSO4 (0.1%) treatment (only 18 mg kg−1 DW). Based on the recommended Fe/Mn values (Fe : Mn ratio = 1.5–2.5) given in the literature for plants with a correct nutrition, only the NPK+MnLS (0.3%) fulfilled this ratio (Fe : Mn = 2.5).
Intensification of Southern Hemisphere westerly winds 2000–1000 years ago: evidence from the subantarctic Campbell and Auckland Islands (52–50°S)
Authors: Turney Chris S. M. , M c Glone Matt , Palmer Jonathan , Fogwill Christopher , Hogg Alan , Thomas Zoë A. , Lipson Mathew , Wilmshurst Janet M. , Fenwick Pavla , Jones Richard T. , Hines Ben , Clark Graeme F. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe Southern Ocean plays a significant role in driving global climate–ocean–carbon dynamics. Unfortunately, a relative dearth of datasets across the region limits our ability to understand past and future mechanisms of change. Here we report a new dataset from the south‐west Pacific: radiocarbon‐dated subfossil tree stumps (Dracophyllum) eroding out from peat exposures on Campbell and Auckland Islands (52–50°S). Dracophyllum are the southernmost growing trees in the south‐west Pacific and their growth on exposed sites and at altitude is strongly controlled by the prevailing westerly airflow, providing a unique measure of past changes in zonal wind strength. Here we demonstrate a significant collapse in the altitudinal limit of growth between approximately 2000 and 1000 years ago (hereafter 2–1 ka), consistent with other records across the Southern Hemisphere that indicate westerly airflow was significantly enhanced. Importantly, this period in the late Holocene was one of marked change across the broader region, suggesting westerly airflow played a key role in driving Southern Ocean variability at this time.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the prebiotic effect of raw and roasted almonds (Prunus amygdalus)
Authors: Liu Zhibin , Wang Wei , Huang Guangwei , Zhang Wen , Ni Li 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlmonds contain considerable amounts of potential prebiotic components, and the roasting process may alter these components. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro fermentation properties and in vivo prebiotic effect of raw and roasted almonds.RESULTSIn vitro, predigested raw and roasted almonds promoted the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus (La‐14) and Bifidobacterium breve (JCM 1192), and no significant differences were found between these two nuts. In a 4‐week animal trial, daily intake of raw or roasted almonds promoted the population of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. and inhibited the growth of Enterococcus spp. in faeces and caecal contains of rats. Compared with roasted almonds, raw almonds had a greater bifidobacteria promotion effect. Besides, significantly higher β‐galactosidase activity and lower β‐glucuronidase and azoreductase activities in faeces or caecal contents of rats were observed with raw almonds than with roasted almonds. While, in terms of metabolic effects, the ingestion of roasted almonds resulted in significantly greater intestinal lipase activities.CONCLUSIONBoth raw and roasted almonds exhibit potential prebiotic effects, including regulation of intestinal bacteria and improved metabolic activities. The roasting process may slightly reduce the prebiotic effects of almonds but significantly improve the metabolic effects.© 2016 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Dietary burden calculations relating to fish metabolism studies
Authors: Schlechtriem Christian , Pucher Johannes , Michalski Britta 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFish farming is increasingly dependent on plant commodities as a source of feed leading to an increased risk for pesticide residues in aquaculture diets and consequently their transfer into aquaculture food products. The European pesticide regulation requires fish metabolism and fish feeding studies where residues in fish feed exceed 0.1 mg kg−1 of the total diet (dry weight basis) to enable the setting of appropriate maximum residue levels in fish commodities. Fish dietary burden calculation is therefore an important prerequisite to decide on further experimental testing as part of the consumer risk assessment. In this review, the different aquaculture production systems are compared with regard to their specific feeding practices and the principles of dietary burden calculation are described. © 2016 Fraunhofer‐Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Children's Exposure to Violence: The Underlying Effect of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms on Behavior Problems
Authors: Yoon Susan , Steigerwald Stacey , Holmes Megan R. , Perzynski Adam T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this study we investigated whether witnessing violence and violence victimization were associated with children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and examined the mediating role of posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in these relationships. Secondary data analysis was conducted using 3 waves of data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well‐Being. Path analyses were conducted to test direct and indirect effects of violence exposure on behavior problems, using 2,064 children (ages 8–15 years) reported to Child Protective Services for maltreatment. Being a victim of violence in the home was directly associated with more internalizing (β = .06, p = .007) and externalizing behavior problems (β = .07, p = .002), whereas witnessing violence was not directly related to either internalizing (β = .04, p = .056) or externalizing behavior problems (β = .03, p = .130). PTS symptoms mediated the effects of witnessing violence and violence victimization on internalizing behavior problems (β = .02, p = .002). Our findings suggest that PTS symptoms may be a mechanism underlying the association between violence exposure and internalizing behavior problems (R2 = .23), underscoring the potential importance of assessing PTS symptoms and providing targeted trauma‐focused interventions for children exposed to violence at home.
5‐Hz Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depression
Authors: Philip Noah S. , Ridout Samuel J. , Albright Sarah E. , Sanchez George , Carpenter Linda L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCurrent treatment options for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) offer modest benefits, underscoring the need for new treatments. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) depolarizes neurons in a targeted brain region with magnetic fields typically pulsed at low (1 Hz) or high (10 Hz) frequency to relieve major depressive disorder (MDD). Prior work suggests an intermediate pulse frequency, 5 Hz, is also efficacious for treating comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms. In this chart review study, we systematically examined the clinical and safety outcomes in 10 patients with comorbid MDD and PTSD syndromes who received 5‐Hz rTMS therapy at the Providence VA Medical Center Neuromodulation Clinic. Self‐report scales measured illness severity prior to treatment, after every 5 treatments, and upon completion of treatment. Results showed significant reduction in symptoms of PTSD (p = .003, effect size = 1.12, 8/10 with reliable change) and MDD (p = .005, effect size = 1.09, 6/10 with reliable change). Stimulation was well tolerated and there were no serious adverse events. These data indicate 5‐Hz rTMS may be a useful option to treat these comorbid disorders. Larger, controlled trials are needed to confirm the benefits of 5‐Hz protocols observed in this pilot study.
Intimate Partner Violence PTSD and Neural Correlates of Inhibition
Authors: Aupperle Robin L. , Stillman Ashley N. , Simmons Alan N. , Flagan Taru , Allard Carolyn B. , Thorp Steven R. , Norman Sonya B. , Paulus Martin P. , Stein Murray B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to deficits in response inhibition, and neuroimaging research suggests this may be due to differences in prefrontal cortex recruitment. The current study examined relationships between PTSD from intimate partner violence (IPV) and neural responses during inhibition. There were 10 women with PTSD from IPV and 12 female control subjects without trauma history who completed the stop signal task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Linear mixed models were used to investigate group differences in activation (stop–nonstop and hard–easy trials). Those with PTSD exhibited greater differential activation to stop–nonstop trials in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior insula and less differential activation in several default mode regions (d = 1.12–1.22). Subjects with PTSD exhibited less differential activation to hard–easy trials in the lateral frontal and the anterior insula regions (driven by less activation to hard trials) and several default mode regions (i.e., medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate; driven by greater activation to easy trials; d = 1.23–1.76). PTSD was associated with difficulties disengaging default mode regions during cognitive tasks with relatively low cognitive demand, as well as difficulties modulating executive control and salience processing regions with increasing cognitive demand. Together, these results suggest that PTSD may relate to decreased neural flexibility during inhibition.
Identification With Terrorist Victims of the Washington, DC Sniper Attacks: Posttraumatic Stress and Depression
Authors: Herberman Mash Holly B. , Ursano Robert J. , Benevides K. Nikki , Fullerton Carol S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn October 2002, a series of sniper attacks in the Washington, DC area left 10 people dead and 3 wounded. We examined the association between identification with terrorist victims and psychological and behavioral outcomes. Participants were 1,238 residents of the Washington, DC area (ages 18–90 years; M = 41.73, SD = 12.56) who completed the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, and items pertaining to identification with attack victims approximately 3 weeks following the first sniper shooting. We examined 3 types of identification with the victims: (a) as like oneself, (b) as like a friend, and (c) as like a family member. The relationships of identification to posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms were examined using linear regression analyses. Greater total identification was associated with more posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms (B = 0.27, p < .001, and B = 0.44, p < .001, respectively), after adjusting for demographics. Those who specifically identified with the victims as either self (B = 0.24, p < .001), friend (B = 0.30, p < .001), or family member (B = 0.27, p < .001) reported more PTSD symptoms (n = 1,101). Identifying with victims as like a friend or family member, but not as like oneself, was associated with increased depressive symptoms (B = 0.61, p < .001, and B = 0.45, p = .01, respectively; n = 1,222). Presence and type of identification play a differential role in psychological and behavioral responses during traumatic events.