bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy metabolism and body temperature of the ama
Authors: Kang D. H. , Kim P. K. , Kang B. S. , Song S. H. , Hong S. K. 
Published: December 2017

Rectal temperature and oxygen consumption were determined in the ama while diving during the summer and winter. In addition, a dietary survey and a physical-fitness test were conducted. The average rectal temperature fell to 35.3 C after 45 min of work in summer (water temp., 22–26 C) and to 34.8 C after 30 min of work in winter (water temp., 10–13 C). The lowest rectal temperature was 33.2 C in summer and 34.3 C in winter. Vo2 increased to nearly 1 liter/min in summer and to 1.4 liter/min in winter. One can calculate that the total extra energy expenditure for diving work is approximately 1,000 kcal/day in both winter and summer. The actual dietary survey showed that the total caloric intake of the ama is 3,000 kcal/day in both summer and winter, which exceeds the daily requirement for nondiving women of comparable age by 1,000 kcal. The protein intake was not different between summer and winter. Physical fitness, as judged by the score of Harvard step-up test, was significantly better in the ama than in the control in both summer and winter. Moreover, physical fitness was poorer in winter as compared to summer in the control, whereas it was excellent throughout a year in the ama. cold stress; physical fitness Submitted on January 15, 1964
Aerobic work capacity and plasma FFA turnover
Authors: Issekutz B. , Miller H. I. , Paul P. , Rodahl K. 
Published: December 2017

Mongrel dogs with indwelling arterial and venous catheters ran on a treadmill at a speed of 100 m/min and a grade of 15°. Palmitate-i-C14 was infused at a constant rate; the rate of release and the rate of removal of the plasma FFA were calculated. During exercise the O2 uptake was about the same in all animals, but the rate of increase of the blood lactate varied widely according to the physical condition of the animal. ThereΔ was a negative correlation (P <.001) between the changes in the rate of release of FFA (Δ µEq/ kg min) and the rate of increase of lactate. If this latter exceeded 58 mg/100 ml in 30 min, the FFA turnover decreased below the resting level. Since it is known that lactate infusion in itself decreases the release of FFA, it is concluded that the rise of blood lactate during exercise, which reflects the state of aerobic work capacity, is an important factor affecting the participation of the adipose tissue in the exercise metabolism. exercise and FFA; physical fitness and FFA; blood lactate and FFA Submitted on April 27, 1964
Continuous radio telemetry of hypothalamic temperatures from unrestrained animals
Authors: Rawson Robert O. , Stolwijk Jan A. J. , Graichen Hans , Abrams Robert 
Published: December 2017

A system of radio telemetry has been designed which continuously records body temperatures of unrestrained animals with a resolution of 0.05 C over transmission distances of 100ˑ1,000 ft, permitting observations on free-running animals for indefinite periods of time. Continuous 24-hr recordings were made of hypothalamic temperatures telemetered from cold-acclimatized and unacclimatized dogs living in cold, neutral, and hot environments. During night hours, dogs usually exhibited a decrease in hypothalamic temperature of 0.5ˑ.0 C below daylight levels. Superimposed on the day-night temperature cycle are marked fluctuations of 0.1ˑ0.5 C at a rate of 0.1 C/min. These variations are associated with the level of motor activity, arousal, and with periods of dozing. Shivering in the cold is exhibited even though hypothalamic temperature may be elevated above a level at which no shivering occurs in a neutral environment. spontaneous hypothalamic temperature variations; cold-acclimatized dogs; day-night temperature cycle Submitted on June 3, 1964
An analog computer analysis of Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Authors: Milhorn Howard T. , Guyton A. C. 
Published: December 2017

A mathematical model of the human respiratory control system has been developed and utilized, with the aid of an analog computer, to study the influence of the various factors of the system in producing or enhancing Cheyne-Stokes breathing. The model is an extension of Grodins' (1954) two-compartment model (lung and tissue compartments) to which circulation times and ventilatory dead space have been added. The study has shown that only two factors, increased arterial circulation time and increased controller gain (Δ minute ventilation/Δ in respiratory center CO2 concentration), can alone produce sustained oscillation. However, several other factors, such as decreased CO2 production rate and a shift of the controller equation [minute ventilation = a function of respiratory center CO2 concentration] to the right so that more CO2 is exchanged per amount of alveolar ventilation, can enhance the oscillation. periodic breathing; mathematical model Submitted on May 7, 1964
Oxygen uptake and change in carbon dioxide tension in human blood stored at 37 C
Authors: Lenfant C. , Aucutt C. 
Published: December 2017

The changes in Po2 and Pco2 in human blood samples stored at 37 C were measured. In some samples NaF was added. The mean Po2 decay of samples having a Po2 higher than 150 mm Hg was 2.7 mm Hg/min. This corresponded to an O2 consumption (Vo2) of 8.5 x 10-5 ml/ml per min. When NaF was added Vo2was only 6.3 x 10-5 ml/ml per min. The rate of increase of Pco2 was .11 mm Hg/min in samples without NaF. After NaF had been added no change in Pco2 was observed; the reasons for this finding are discussed. Some of the causes of the changes in Po2 and Pco2 have been studied. The storage temperature affects Po2 by .063 mm Hg/min per °C, and the hematocrit by 3.8 x 10-5 mm Hg/min per % Hct. For Pco2, these effects are .003 mm Hg per min per °C and 9.8 x 10-5 mm Hg/min per % Hct, respectively. The reticulocyte and white cell counts are shown to have an essential role in the rate of change of Po2 and Pco2. blood metabolism; blood storage; oxygen consumption; CO2 production; Po2, Pco2 measurement; hematocrit Submitted on July 24, 1964
Resting pulmonary diffusing capacity for CO and O2 at high altitude
Authors: Kreuzer F. , Campagne P. Van Lookeren 
Published: December 2017

The possible increase of pulmonary diffusing capacity at high altitude is still controversial. During an expedition on Monte Rosa, Italy, experiments were performed on five male subjects, 27–44 years of age, at rest after a sojourn of 7–10 days at an elevation of 4,560 m, using two independent methods. Pulmonary diffusing capacity for CO (DlCO) was determined with the steady-state method at three levels of oxygenation with inspiratory O2 pressures of 80, 150, and 400 mm Hg both at sea level and at altitude. The evaluation of the O2 pressure diffusion gradients in hypoxia, obtained from the alveolar-arterial O2 pressure gra dients and the arterio-alveolar CO2 pressure gradients in hypoxia, permitted the estimation of the diffusing capacity for O2 (DlO02). There was no significant difference between sea level and high altitude in DlCO at the three levels of oxygenation, in the O2 diffusion gradient and in DlCOCO2 with hypoxia. alveolar-arterial O2 pressure gradient; arterio-alveolar CO2 pressure gradient; high altitude adaptation; acid-base balance of the blood Submitted on June 17, 1964
Role of diffusion of oxygen in the respiration of tissues at different temperatures
Authors: Farr Douglas A. , Fuhrman Frederick A. 
Published: December 2017

The hypothesis is presented that rates of respiration of sheets and slices of mammalian tissues as measured in vitro are usually lower than the true ones because of inadequate oxygenation in thick preparations and excessive damage to cells in thin ones. Data to support the hypothesis were obtained by a study of Qo2 as a function of temperature. When particles were small enough (avian red blood cells and brain homogenates) that diffusion of oxygen did not limit Qo2, a plot of log Qo2 versus 1/T (T = absolute temperature) yielded a straight line. However, when sheets and slices of tissues were used, such plots yielded lines whose slopes decreased with increase in temperature. For rat diaphragm, oxygenation appeared to be inadequate above 18 C. For rat liver, equations are presented for correcting Qo2 for damage caused by slicing and for inadequate oxygenation at higher temperatures. Data for respiration of tissues in 10% oxygen and at 2 atm oxygen pressure supported the hypothesis. oxygen tension; tissue slices—limiting thickness; tissue slices—thickness and Qo2 Submitted on May 5, 1964
Pressure-volume response of isolated living main pulmonary artery in dogs
Authors: Frasher Wallace G. , Sobin Sidney S. 
Published: December 2017

Isolation of the main pulmonary artery by obturation of the right and left branches under conditions which maintained vasal circulation to the wall was achieved by extracorporeal circulation. Pressure-volume response of the segment was measured directly using a reciprocating essentially sinusoidal volume input at rates of 90, 45, and 180 cycles/min. Using volumes which generated physiologic pressures, a steady-state response starting from rest occurred in 300—500 cycles. At steady state the pressure-volume response was linear and unchanged by these cycling rates. The relaxation pattern during the initial phase was consistent with a single mode of response and closely duplicated the stress-relaxation pattern of a single noncycled input of the same volume. In 34 experiments in 11 animals steady-state volume distensibility (DeltaV x 100/V0 DeltaP) was 2.51% cm H2O. Segment geometry was preserved by luminal casting. An ellipsoidal configuration was apparent in the distended state. pulmonary-artery distensibility; mechanical behavior of arteries; stress-relaxation; geometry of arteries; tethering; viscoelastic properties of arteries; dynamic elastic response; coefficient of distensibility Submitted on June 16, 1964
Effect of an anabolic steroid on physical performance of young men
Authors: Fowler William M. , Gardner Gerald W. , Egstrom Glen H. 
Published: December 2017

The performance of 47 men was measured during a 16-week study. Eight of the men received placebos; nine received 1-methyl-Delta1-androstenolone acetate, an anabolic steroid; 15 received placebos and exercise; and 15 received the drug and exercise. There were no significant differences in strength, motor performance, or physical working capacity between the control and the androstenolone-supplemented groups. Differences in other factors such as vital capacity, limb circumference, and skin-fold thickness were also nonsignificant. Under the conditions imposed in this study there was no evidence that the anabolic steroid increased strength in young men. ergogenic drugs; strength measurements and physical working capacity under anabolic steroid therapy Submitted on December 14, 1964
Solubility of krypton and xenon in blood, protein solutions, and tissue homogenates
Authors: Yeh Shu-Yuan , Peterson Richard E. 
Published: December 2017

The solubility of krypton and xenon in human serum albumin solutions, in hemoglobin solutions, in human blood, rabbit muscle, and beef brain homogenates has been measured at 1 atm total pressure and at temperatures of 25, 30, and 37 C. The solubilities of krypton in 1 g human albumin were found to be 0.0624, 0.0412, and 0.0195 ml at 25, 30, and 37 C, respectively. The amount of xenon dissolved in 1 g human albumin was found to be 0.2382, 0.1954, and 0.1493 ml at 25, 30, and 37 C, respectively. The amount of krypton and xenon dissolved in 1 g hemoglobin at 37 C was 0.0247 and 0.3661 ml, respectively. The solubility of cyclopropane in human serum albumin and hemoglobin solutions was calculated from the literature. The solubility coefficient of krypton, xenon, and cyclopropane in these biological solutions was found to be the sum of the solubility coefficients of the respective gas in the individual components of the biological solution. The solubilities of krypton and xenon in biological solutions decrease as temperature is raised. krypton, xenon, and cyclopropane; measurements of gas solubility; human blood—krypton and xenon solubility; human albumin—krypton, xenon, and cyclopropane solubility; human hemoglobin—krypton, xenon, and cyclopropane solubility; rabbit's muscle homogenate—krypton and xenon solubility; beef's brain homogenate—krypton and xenon solubility Submitted on September 28, 1964
In vivo and in vitro CO2 blood buffer curves
Authors: Brown E. B. , Clancy Richard L. 
Published: December 2017

In vivo CO2 blood buffer curves determined on blood drawn from dogs breathing 100% O2, 15% CO2 in O2, and 25–30% CO2 in O2 have a distinctly lower slope than in vitro curves obtained by equilibrating blood from the same animal with 5, 15, and 30% CO2 in O2. The lower slope of the in vivo curve is due to the greater volume of distribution of bicarbonate in vivo. With hyperventilation of 10–15 min duration the in vivo curve is regularly depressed so that its slope is essentially the same as the in vitro curve. This depression is probably due to an increase in blood lactic acid. The increase in total bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid, resulting from an increase in CO2 tension, is more than can be accounted for by the increase in blood. This suggests that some source of buffer, other than blood, is available to the interstitial fluid. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of Patricia Elledge and Rita Herman) bicarbonate Submitted on October 28, 1964
Effect of local exercise of forearm muscles on forearm capacitance vessels
Authors: Bevegård B. Sture , Shepherd John T. 
Published: December 2017

Normal subjects were studied to determine whether exercise of the muscles of one forearm causes changes in venous tone in that forearm by some local mechanism. Forearm venous pressure-volume relationships and the pressure in “isolated” vein segments were unchanged after exercise of forearm muscles. Following venous occlusion, the forearm volume increases and reaches a plateau later than forearm venous pressure. This delayed volume change increased with increasing venous filling rate regardless of whether this was accomplished by exercise or by other means. Thus, the local mechanism which dilates resistance vessels in active muscles does not seem to change the contractile state of the muscle in the capacity vessels. The viscous properties of the venous wall, however, act to damp the volume oscillations in intervals between muscular contractions when arterial inflow and venous filling rate are high. The ratio between initial rate of rise in forearm venous pressure and volume following venous occlusion could not be used as an index of active changes in tension of the smooth muscle of the capacitance vessels. strain-gauge plethysmography; isolated vein segments; venous response to varying filling rates; venous response to local exercise; veins and exercise Submitted on November 16, 1964
Distribution of blood flow and ventilation in saline-filled lung
Authors: West J. B. , Dollery C. T. , Matthews C. M. E. , Zardini P. 
Published: December 2017

The airways of degassed greyhound lungs were filled with saline and the lung suspended in a saline bath and perfused with blood. The distribution of blood flow was measured by injecting aggregated I131-labeled albumin into the pulmonary artery and scanning the lung from bottom to top when the particles had been trapped by the small vessels. After equilibrating the alveolar saline with more inhaled iodinated albumin and scanning again, blood flow per unit alveolar volume could be calculated. With vascular pressures which have been shown to cause great topographical inequality of blood flow in the gas-filled lung, blood flow was evenly distributed on the average in the saline-filled preparation, presumably because the hydrostatic pressures difference in the blood vessels were balanced by corresponding pressures in the airways. The topographical distribution of a single breath of iodinated albumin in saline was found to be uniform but there was striking stratified inhomogeneity along the airways. This was due to the slow diffusion rate of albumin in saline and similar effects were seen with inhaled radioactive oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in saline. The results show that when the mammalian lung breathes saline, diffusion limitations for oxygen and carbon dioxide within the airways may be an important factor. aerosols; hydrostatic pressures; increased acceleration; airways diffusion; topographical differences; gas exchange; pressure-flow relations Submitted on March 18, 1965
A mathematical and physiological model for early distribution of radioiodide in man
Authors: Hays Marguerite T. , Wegner Louis H. 
Published: December 2017

A model is proposed for the early distribution of radioiodide in man. This model is formalized as a set of eight simultaneous differential equations, each predicting the rate of change of radioiodide in a compartment. These equations have been fitted by numerical integration on a digital computer to plasma curves from sessions with and without aspiration of gastric contents, curves of the aspirated radioiodide, and thyroidal and renal plasma clearance rates. In this model, plasma radioiodide is distributed reversibly to the erythrocytes, interstitial fluid (space E) and a “slowly diffusible space” (space C). Distribution to the thyroid and kidney is irreversible. Radioiodide distributed to the salivary glands and gastric mucosa must pass through a gastrointestinal cycle before eventual reabsorption from the intestine. Successive compartments of this cycle are the “inaccessible gastric space” (space M), free gastric juice (space S) and the intestine (space D). All of the modes of distribution mentioned are governed by rate constants except for transfer from space S to space D, which occurs as a complete transfer at a fixed interval tau. gastrointestinal iodide cycle; pooling of radioiodide in gastrointestinal tract; plasma radioiodide curve; multicompartment model; iterative solution of mathematical model Submitted on September 28, 1964
Oxygen intake and cardiac output during maximal treadmill and bicycle exercise
Authors: Miyamara Miharu , Honda Yoshiyuki 
Published: December 2017

Oxygen intake and cardiac output were measured in 17 male students, aged 18–23 years, during maximal treadmill and bicycle ergometer exercise with stepwise incremental loading and constant loading. The average values of oxygen intake and cardiac output during treadmill exercise were higher than during bicycle ergometer exercise, either with incremental loading or constant loading. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001–0.01). No statistically significant differences are found in stroke volume, whereas significant differences were seen in maximum heart rate between all four different modes of exercise. Arteriovenous oxygen differences were higher during treadmill exercise than during bicycle ergometer exercise. It is suggested that lower maximum oxygen intake during bicycle ergometer exercise is related to the lower maximum cardiac output and lower arteriovenous oxygen differences as compared with treadmill exercise. maximum oxygen intake; maximum cardiac output; maximum heart rate; stroke volume during maximal exercise; arteriovenous oxygen difference during maximal exercise; comparison of treadmill and bicycle exercise
Early (17th and 18th centuries) drawings of lantern-flies and mentions of their bioluminescence (Fulgora spp., Hemiptera, Homoptera, Fulgoridae)
Authors: Papavero Nelson , Teixeira Dante Martins 
Published: December 2017

For many years, it was believed that the first two notices about New World lantern-flies (Fulgoridae), with descriptions and illustrations of the insects, as well as mentions of their luminescence, were due to Nehemiah Grey (1681) and Maria Sibylla Merian (1705). However, there are illustrations of lantern-flies prior to Grew’s paper, and the first of them, by Jacques de Heyn (1620), also refers to the bioluminescence of those insects. The second is a watercolour by Pieter Holstejn (1614‑1673), a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver. Several illustrations of lantern-flies were lately produced during the 17th and 18th centuries, for example by Alexander Marshal (ca. 1620‑1682), an English entomologist, gardener, and botanical artist, by Iob Leutholf (1694), and also by an anonymous artist (first half of the 18th century).
Matching and merging high-resolution and legacy seismic images
Authors: Greer Sarah , Fomel Sergey 
Published: December 2017

When multiple seismic surveys are acquired over the same area using different technologies that produce data with different frequency content, it may be beneficial to combine these data to produce a broader bandwidth volume. We have developed a workflow for matching and blending seismic images obtained from shallow high-resolution seismic surveys and conventional surveys conducted over the same area. The workflow consists of three distinct steps: (1) balancing the amplitudes and frequency content of the two images by nonstationary smoothing of the high-resolution image, (2) estimating and removing variable time shifts between the two images, and (3) blending the two images together by least-squares inversion. Our workflow is applied successfully to images from the Gulf of Mexico.
Use of insecticide-treated nets by pregnant and childbearing-age women: Action research in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Esienumoh Ekpoanwan , Mboho Margaret , Ndiok Akon 
Published: December 2017

Background/Aims Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health problem in Nigeria, along with high maternal morbidity, and fetal and neonatal mortality rates. Strategies for the control of malaria include the use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs). Although some agencies distribute ITNs free of charge, some nets are not being used appropriately by pregnant women and other women of childbearing age. This study sought to empower pregnant women and women of childbearing age to take action to prevent malaria through the proper use of ITNs. Methods An action research design was used, which comprises cycles of fact-finding, planning and action, and reflection and evaluation. In collaboration with the action research group, 26 pregnant women or women of childbearing age were interviewed to gain an understanding of their perception of malaria and their use of ITNs. Seven community health extension workers and two primary health care coordinators were also interviewed. Observation sessions were held with eight women in their vegetable farms. Two focus group discussions were held with eight midwives and seven husbands. A total of 71 general participants and 13 action research group members were involved in the study. Data were thematically analysed and emphasis was laid on data that would promote learning and change. Conclusions The study revealed poor knowledge of the cause of malaria, non-compliance with the proper use of ITNs, diversionary use of ITNs and poor health intervention monitoring. Actions undertaken to empower the women towards the effective use of ITNs included community education, prenatal education, and advocacy discussions with government and relevant non-governmental agencies. Experiences gained from the study were reviewed and consolidated, and sustainability of actions planned.