bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF COOLING ON PARTICLE TRAJECTORIES AND ACCELERATION IN RELATIVISTIC MAGNETIC RECONNECTION
Authors: Kagan Daniel , Nakar Ehud , Piran Tsvi 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe maximum synchrotron burnoff limit of 160 MeV represents a fundamental limit to radiation resulting from electromagnetic particle acceleration in one-zone ideal plasmas. In magnetic reconnection, however, particle acceleration and radiation are decoupled because the electric field is larger than the magnetic field in the diffusion region. We carry out two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to determine the extent to which magnetic reconnection can produce synchrotron radiation above the burnoff limit. We use the test particle comparison (TPC) method to isolate the effects of cooling by comparing the trajectories and acceleration efficiencies of test particles incident on such a reconnection region with and without cooling them. We find that the cooled and uncooled particle trajectories are typically similar during acceleration in the reconnection region, and derive an effective limit on particle acceleration that is inversely proportional to the average magnetic field experienced by the particle during acceleration. Using the calculated distribution of this average magnetic field as a function of uncooled final particle energy, we find analytically that cooling does not affect power-law particle energy spectra except at energies far above the synchrotron burnoff limit. Finally, we compare fully cooled and uncooled simulations of reconnection, confirming that the synchrotron burnoff limit does not produce a cutoff in the particle energy spectrum. Our results indicate that the TPC method accurately predicts the effects of cooling on particle acceleration in relativistic reconnection, and that, even far above the burnoff limit, the synchrotron energy of radiation produced in reconnection is not limited by cooling.
WASP-20 IS A CLOSE VISUAL BINARY WITH A TRANSITING HOT JUPITER
Authors: Evans Daniel F. , Southworth John , Smalley Barry 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We announce the discovery that WASP-20 is a binary stellar system, consisting of two components separated by 0.2578 ± 0.″0007 on the sky, with a flux ratio of 0.4639 ± 0.0015 in the K-band. It has previously been assumed that the system consists of a single F9 V star, with photometric and radial velocity signals consistent with a low-density transiting giant planet. With a projected separation of approximately 60 au between the two components, the detected planetary signals almost certainly originate from the brighter of the two stars. We reanalyze previous observations allowing for two scenarios, “planet transits A” and “planet transits B,” finding that both cases remain consistent with a transiting gas giant. However, we rule out the “planet transits B” scenario because the observed transit duration requires star B to be significantly evolved, and therefore have an age much greater than star A. We outline further observations that can be used to confirm this finding. Our preferred “planet transits A” scenario results in the measured mass and radius of the planet increasing by 4σ and 1σ, respectively.
STELLAR DYNAMO MODELS WITH PROMINENT SURFACE TOROIDAL FIELDS
Authors: Bonanno Alfio 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent spectro-polarimetric observations of solar-type stars have shown the presence of photospheric magnetic fields with a predominant toroidal component. If the external field is assumed to be current-free it is impossible to explain these observations within the framework of standard mean-field dynamo theory. In this work, it will be shown that if the coronal field of these stars is assumed to be harmonic, the underlying stellar dynamo mechanism can support photospheric magnetic fields with a prominent toroidal component even in the presence of axisymmetric magnetic topologies. In particular, it is argued that the observed increase in the toroidal energy in low-mass fast-rotating stars can be naturally explained with an underlying αΩ mechanism.
Séparer science et littérature
Authors: Willmann Françoise 
Published: December 2016

Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818-1894) a publié une part importante de ses travaux sur l’électricité animale en trois volumes intitulés Untersuchungen über thierische Elektricität, (1848, 1849, 1884). Malgré ses quelque mille pages, l’ouvrage est inachevé et cela pour des raisons multiples relevant de l’évolution des modalités de production, de publication et d’écriture des sciences, une évolution à laquelle Du Bois-Reymond prend une part active tout en ne cessant de revenir sur la souffrance qu’elle implique. Son obstination à faire paraître un ouvrage dont il affirme lui-même le caractère anachronique trahit la difficulté à se résigner à l’effacement du sujet qu’exige le travail scientifique, que l’on retrouve au cœur de son célèbre discours de 1882 sur Goethe, poète et savant, explorant les frontières entre science et littérature.
L’esthétique et le vivant
Authors: Klinkert Thomas 
Published: December 2016

La poétique baudelairienne de la modernité est l’expression d’une conscience historique : le beau est composé « d’un élément éternel, invariable » et « d’un élément relatif, circonstanciel » (Le Peintre de la vie moderne). Dans la pratique poétique de Baudelaire cette dualité du beau, qui participe d’un ordre du temps historique, est réalisée sous forme d’une tension entre deux autres ordres temporels, à savoir l’ordre du temps biologique, qui implique la mortalité de l’homme, et l’ordre du temps culturel, dont la fonction est de transcender la mort individuelle. Cette contribution étudie les rapports entre ces trois ordres temporels.
La configuration culturelle territoriale d’une ville moyenne : trajectoires et tensions. Le cas d’Albi
Authors: Sibertin-Blanc Mariette , Lima Stéphanie 
Published: December 2016

L’objet de cet article est de comprendre les logiques d’une configuration culturelle territoriale définie comme le croisement de plusieurs champs de force : un contexte urbain, des dispositifs territoriaux et des politiques culturelles, des logiques personnelles et professionnelles. Le terrain est ici la ville moyenne d’Albi, aujourd’hui identifiée pour sa valorisation patrimoniale et ses initiatives culturelles. La dimension privilégiée est l’analyse d’un processus itératif sur le temps long (40 ans), révélant les logiques à l’œuvre et les acteurs en présence. En définitive, la vitalité culturelle actuelle d’Albi résulte clairement d’un cumul d’expériences, de conflits, de politiques endogènes et nationales. Mais il apparaît à l’analyse que les paradigmes nationaux et internationaux s’imposent (ville créative, culture au service de l’attractivité) au détriment des ressources locales spécifiques. Les différentes figures des acteurs culturels expriment ces trajectoires et ces tensions, dans un moment où le projet municipal met davantage en avant une stratégie urbaine, au détriment d’une proposition culturelle et artistique ancrée.
Après le boom : la laborieuse mise en œuvre de nouvelles régulations dans le secteur minier guinéen
Authors: Knierzinger Johannes 
Published: December 2016

Depuis 2003, après une longue phase de libéralisation dans le secteur minier, au moins une douzaine de pays africains ont adopté de nouveaux codes miniers. Cette nouvelle « génération » de codes se distingue visiblement du caractère libéral des précédents. À partir de l’exemple de la Guinée avant et après le boom minier des années 2000, l’article retrace les étapes de la mise en œuvre d’un tel code minier depuis son adoption en 2011 jusqu’aux nouvelles pratiques et leur suivi sur place, en passant par la modification du code minier en 2013 et par l’adoption des textes d’application et l’adaptation des conventions minières existantes.
Potentialités de l’outil LiDAR pour cartographier les vestiges de la Grande Guerre en milieu intra-forestier (bois des Caures, forêt domaniale de Verdun, Meuse)
Authors: de Matos Machado Rémi , Amat Jean-Paul , Arnaud-Fassetta Gilles , Bétard François 
Published: December 2016

Cent ans après la Grande Guerre, les traces des champs de bataille restent présentes dans les paysages du Nord-Est de la France. En 2013, une prospection par LiDAR aéroporté de la forêt domaniale de Verdun a mis en évidence sous forme d’images 3-D à haute résolution les vestiges de guerre masqués par le manteau forestier. Cette étude explore les potentialités de l’outil LiDAR pour l’analyse et la cartographie des témoins des aménagements militaires dans le bois des Caures (forêt domaniale de Verdun), lieu des premiers combats de la bataille de Verdun (1916). Le traitement d’images combiné à l’analyse de terrain permet d’établir une typologie et une cartographie inédites de la diversité des vestiges, abris et fossés, et de l’organisation du champ de bataille.
Feasibility of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel
Authors: Steinberg Beth A. , Klatt Maryanna , Duchemin Anne-Marie 
Published: December 2016

Background
Surgical intensive care unit personnel are exposed to catastrophic situations as they care for seriously injured or ill patients. Few interventions have been developed to reduce the negative effects of work stress in this environment.

Objective
This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a workplace intervention for increasing resilience to stress. The intervention was implemented within the unique constraints characteristic of surgical intensive care units.

Methods
Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The mindfulness-based intervention included meditation, mild yoga movement, and music and was conducted in a group format 1 hour a week for 8 weeks in a surgical intensive care unit during work hours. Assessments were performed 1 week before and 1 week after the intervention.

Results
The intervention was well received, with a 97% overall retention rate and 100% retention in the intervention group. Work satisfaction, measured with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, increased significantly in the intervention group with no change in the control group. Negative correlations were found between the vigor subscale scores of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and scores for emotional exhaustion on the Maslach Burnout Inventory and scores for burnout on the Professional Quality of Life scale. Participants rated recognizing their stress response as a main benefit of the intervention.

Conclusion
Workplace group interventions aimed at decreasing the negative effects of stress can be applied within hospital intensive care units. Despite many constraints, attendance at weekly sessions was high. Institutional support was critical for implementation of this program.
Nonfluoroscopic endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts at atypical locations
Authors: Rana Surinder Singh , Sharma Vishal , Sharma Ravi , Chhabra Puneet , Gupta Rajesh , Bhasin Deepak Kumar 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic pseudocysts (PP) at atypical locations are a therapeutic challenge and are usually managed surgically. Objective: We evaluated safety and efficacy of nonfluoroscopic endoscopic ultrasound (NF-EUS)-guided transmural drainage in the management of PP at atypical locations. Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 11 patients (all males; age range: 28–46 years) with PP at atypical locations who were treated with NF-EUS-guided transmural drainage during the last 18 months was done. Results: Four patients had intra/peri-splenic, three patients had mediastinal, three patients had intrahepatic, and one patient had renal PP. Nine patients had chronic pancreatitis whereas two patients had acute pancreatitis. Alcohol was the etiology of pancreatitis in ten patients. The size of PP ranged from 4 to 10 cm. All patients had abdominal pain, and two patients had fever whereas one patient with mediastinal PP also had dysphagia. NF-EUS-guided transmural drainage could be done successfully in all patients. 7 Fr transmural stent(s) was/were placed in six patients whereas single-time complete aspiration of PP was done in five patients. On endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, six patients had partial duct disruption whereas five patients had complete disruption. Bridging transpapillary stent (5 Fr) was placed in all patients with partial disruption. All PP healed in 10/11 (91%) patients within 2–4 weeks, and there has been no recurrence in 9 of these patients during a follow-up period of 4–18 months. One patient with splenic PP needed surgery for gastrointestinal bleed. Conclusion: PP at atypical locations can be effectively and safely treated with NF-EUS-guided transmural drainage.
Comparing Persistence of Product and Process Innovation: A Discrete-Time Duration Analysis of Innovation Spells
Authors: Córcoles David , Triguero Ángela , Cuerva María Carmen 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of previous experience and learning capabilities on survival in product and process innovation for Spanish manufacturing firms in the period 1990–2010. The authors find past and path dependence and confirm the important effect of R&D effort in both types of innovation. Nevertheless, for product innovation, the level of appropriability and the fact of operating in a high-tech sector are more crucial for persistence in comparison with process innovation.
Publication Productivity in Central Asia and Countries of the Former Soviet Union
Authors: Adambekov Shalkar , Askarova Sholpan , Welburn Sharon C. , Goughnour Sharon L. , Konishi Ayumi , LaPorte Ronald , Linkov Faina 
Published: December 2016

Introduction. Despite the significant number of research institutions and rich scientific heritage, published research from Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan) is traditionally underrepresented in international scientific literature. The goal of this paper was to analyze publication patterns in Central Asian countries, and to explore the factors that contributed to the publication productivity in Kazakhstan.Methods. Publication productivity was evaluated using data generated by the SCImago Journal & Country Rank over the period of 1996-2014 for all of the 15 former Soviet Union Republics for all subject categories. Country specific data, including total population, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, research and development (R&D) expenditure (% of GDP), number of reserchers (per million people), was abstracted from World Bank data. ANOVA and ANCOVA analyses compared the mean number of publications among Central Asian countries. Separate analyses was done for publication patterns in the health sciences. Multiple comparisons were performed using Tukey methodResults. The analysis of publication productivity showed significant discrepancies in the number of published documents among the Central Asian countries. Kazakhstan demonstrated a significant increase in the number of published documents in the period of 1996-2014, mainly in the areas of natural and multidisciplinary sciences. Our analyses also showed that the number of publications are siginicantly associated with GDP and population size.Conclusions. We identified large gaps in publication productivity among the Central Asian countries. The association between publication rate with GDP and population size indicates there is a need to adjust for these factors when planning research policy.
FURTHER EVIDENCE OF FILLER–FILLER MECHANICAL ENGAGEMENT IN RUBBER COMPOUNDS FILLED WITH SILICA TREATED BY LONG-CHAIN SILANE
Authors: Mahtabani Amirhossein , Alimardani Mohammad , Razzaghi-Kashani Mehdi 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
The present study discusses that filler–filler mechanical engagement resulting from the grafted long-chain silanes on the silica surface is indeed a reinforcing mechanism in rubber composites, as already speculated by nonlinear viscoelastic properties in our previous study. The existence and severity of such a phenomenon are assessed purely by isolating the energetic contribution of reinforcement from interfering with filler mechanical engagement in the silica network formation and breakdown processes. In a novel approach, the driving force of fillers to flocculate energetically at elevated temperatures was defined using surface energy theories, and it was adjusted to be similar in two composites having silica treated by short- and long-chain silanes. Filler–filler mechanical engagement was monitored by tracking network formation (filler flocculation) in a matrix of styrene–butadiene rubber and also by conducting various dynamic viscoelastic experiments on liquid paraffin suspensions having short- and long-chain silica of similar surface energy. Results consistently confirmed the existence of mechanical engagement between silica particles having the long-chain silane in both rubber compounds and paraffin suspensions. The results may find applications in the rolling resistance of tires, for example, where stabilization of the filler network by displacing the peak energy dissipation of the network breakdown from applied service strains to larger values would be of technical importance.
The Art of Shrinking: Minority Stress, Coping, and Camp in Beverley Nichols's Merry Hall Trilogy
Authors: Adair Joshua , Goemaat Rebekah 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Examining Beverley Nichols's Merry Hall trilogy, this essay applies the social theory of minority stress and explores the ways in which the author's identity is shaped by his sexual identity in mid-century England. Through the collation of well-documented details from Nichols's life as well as historical research detailing the effects of societal marginalization on sexual minorities during the mid-twentieth century, the authors demonstrate the effects of minority stress, including both adaptive and maladaptive coping mechanisms, in Nichols's Merry Hall trilogy, documenting the hypervigilance Nichols exhibits as he conceals his sexual orientation as well as his internalization of societal homophobia. The authors argue that Nichols's stylized affectations demonstrate his use of elaborate coping mechanisms that mitigate his marginalization in society. Ultimately, this study interrogates the ways in which Nichols employs the literary theme of gardening in order to create a protected communal space for gay men, applying the political significance of the British garden as a means to cultivate a public image of himself as a patriarchal landowner as he appeals to the postwar British nostalgia for its past; and it demonstrates how Nichols uses both camp humor and duplicity to subvert the rigid intolerance of the period toward sexual minorities.
Nathaniel Branden's Oedipus Complex
Authors: Brown Susan Love 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In Judgment Day: My Years with Ayn Rand, Nathaniel Branden told the story of how he met Ayn Rand and became involved with her philosophy of Objectivism. But he also shared the story of his own life and the personal details of his romantic involvement with Ayn Rand. Applying an Oedipal interpretation to the life details that Branden provides, this article shows how Branden came to terms with his own developmental struggles by adopting a surrogate family in Ayn Rand and Frank O'Connor and ultimately found the family he needed in order to eventually break free and become his own person.
Branden's Self-Esteem Theory within the Context of Academic Psychology
Authors: Foddis Walter 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The author proposes an integrated definition and theory of self-esteem that merges models from developmental, social, and clinical psychology. He identifies optimal, shared sources of self-esteem that he combines into a multidimensional model called the Intrapersonal Sources of Self-Esteem Theory. Based on this multidimensional theory, he designed a qualitative and quantitative measuring instrument, the Self-Esteem Sentence Completion Instrument, to assess people's sources of self-esteem. He discusses research that applies this instrument, which suggests promising results in understanding self-esteem. Finally, he suggests a clinical application of the theory within a cognitive-behavioral therapy paradigm.
Contemporary Utopian Studies in Hungary
Authors: Czigányik Zsolt 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Utopian studies in Hungary concentrate on the literary face of utopianism, yet there is a growing interest in the political aspects as well, and with the cooperation of universities the research is becoming more and more interdisciplinary. This article gives an overview of the state of affairs in utopian studies in Hungary mainly since 2000, reflecting on active researchers and institutions, focusing on recent publications and current university courses.
Portuguese Translations of Thomas More's Utopia
Authors: Vieira Fátima 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
This article examines two inevitable questions when one is writing on Utopia and Portugal: the fact that Raphael Hythloday was identified as being Portuguese and the reception of Utopia in Portugal, no doubt influenced by the fact that the book was forbidden by the Inquisition. It then examines in full detail the six translations of Thomas More's work into European Portuguese, from Agostinho da Silva's partial translation in 1946 to Aires do Nascimento's critical translation in 2006, reflecting on the circumstances of the reception of these translations in the framework of the Portuguese dictatorship.
Acerba illa vita velut carcere atque aculeo. Health or Death in More's Libellus vere aureus: Early Modern Thought and Contemporary Debate
Authors: Spinozzi Paola 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Constantly interrogated by utopian writers, death has instigated bold theories. In Thomas More's Libellus vere aureus Raphael Hythloday explains how and why death on the island of Utopia has been rationalized. Such radical assumptions about when and how to die diversely shape More's theories as a utopian thinker, his stance as a statesman, and his convictions as a religious person. Whereas More's commitment to Catholic doctrine prevailed over his allegiance to the king, he seems to overturn it in Utopia, a country in which euthanasia is highly institutionalized as well as commonly and openly practiced. This article pursues a dual purpose. It explores the ways in which More develops his provocative attitude toward health and death by merging classical notions, early modern re-elaborations, and religious beliefs about acts of self-killing or intentionally ending a life in order to relieve incurable suffering. It situates issues of health and death in More's Utopia and early modern thought within the contemporary debate on end-of-life decisions.
Una aproximación al clima organizacional en la Policía Nacional Civil (PNC) de El Salvador
Authors: Amaya Luis Enrique , Martínez Juan José 
Published: December 2016

Este artículo constituye un modesto aporte al décimo número de la revista “Policía y Seguridad Pública”, y tiene como objetivo general hacer un breve análisis, muy preliminar y genérico, del estado actual del clima organizacional en la PNC a partir de dos momentos elementales de referencia: su fundación y su situación presente.La metodología empleada incluyó la aplicación de las técnicas de revisión documental, entrevistas en profundidad y encuesta. Casi la totalidad de los datos analizados fueron recabados en un acotado período de tiempo; y, asimismo, el conjunto de informantes que se consultaron estuvo delimitado por un cierto perfil preestablecido. Por ello, los hallazgos y los resultados globales deben ser adecuadamente localizados, dimensionados y tomados con cautela, así como las conclusiones y las recomendaciones que se derivan de aquéllos.