bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying intermediate‐frequency heterogeneities of SOFC electrodes using X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Epting William K. , Mansley Zachary , Menasche David B. , Kenesei Peter , Suter Robert M. , Gerdes Kirk , Litster Shawn , Salvador Paul A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe electrodes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) consist of three phases interconnected in three dimensions. The volume needed to describe quantitatively such microstructures depends on several lengths scales, which are functions of materials properties and fabrication methods. This work focuses on quantifying the volume needed to represent “intermediate frequency” heterogeneities in electrodes of a commercial SOFC using X‐ray computed tomography (CT) over two different length scales. Electrode volumes of 150 μm × 150 μm × 9 μm were extracted from a synchrotron‐based micro‐CT data set, with 13 μm3 voxels. 13.6 μm × 19.8 μm × 19.4 μm of the cathode and 26.3 μm × 24.8 μm × 15.7 μm of the anode were extracted from laboratory nano‐CT data sets, both with 653 nm3 voxels. After comparing the variation across sub‐regions for the grayscale values from the micro‐CT, and for the phase fractions and triple phase boundary densities from the nano‐CT, it was found that the sub‐region length scales needed to yield statistically similar average values were an order of magnitude larger than those expected to capture the “high frequency” heterogeneity related to the discrete nature of the three phases in electrodes. The challenge of quantifying such electrodes using available experimental methods is discussed.
Differential sensitivity of an invasive and an indigenous ladybeetle to two reduced‐risk insecticides
Authors: Cabrera P. , Cormier D. , Lucas É. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe invasive multicoloured Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), and the indigenous twelve spotted lady beetle, Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Col., Coccinellidae), are two important generalist predators commonly found in apple orchards in Quebec, Canada. Both species are exposed to two reduced‐risk insecticides, recently adopted to control codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lep., Tortricidae) in south‐eastern Canada. Chlorantraniliprole (Altacor® 35 WG), an anthranilic diamide insecticide, causes paralyses of the muscle cells by interfering with the insect ryanodine receptors, whereas novaluron (Rimon® EC 10), a benzoylphenyl urea, inhibits the chitin synthesis. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of both the invasive ladybeetle H. axyridis and the indigenous C. maculata to reduced‐risk insecticides through the assessment of lethal effect on eggs and larvae following topical contact, ingestion of treated prey and exposure to fresh residues, at field rates (50.75 g a.i./ha chlorantraniliprole and 100 g a.i./ha novaluron) in laboratory conditions. Eggs of both species were not affected. Following 6 days of residual contact, chlorantraniliprole and novaluron caused more than 98% mortality to larvae of both ladybeetle species. In topical contact and ingestion trials, chlorantraniliprole caused less than 18% mortality to larvae of the two species after 6 days following exposure. Novaluron had a drastically different impact on the two predators. It did not affect the indigenous C. maculata, whereas it killed 91% and 96% of H. axyridis individuals after 6 days, respectively, following topical contact and ingestion. These results illustrate a differential sensitivity to novaluron between two relatively close species (subfamily Coccinellinae), a potential impact on the invasion process by H. axyridis, and consequently on the ladybeetle assemblage in the field.
Application of active cassava starch films incorporated with oregano essential oil and pumpkin residue extract on ground beef
Authors: Caetano Karine dos Santos , Hessel Claudia Titze , Tondo Eduardo Cesar , Flôres Simone Hickmann , Cladera‐Olivera Florencia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn antimicrobial and antioxidant film based on cassava starch incorporated with oregano essential oil (2% w/v) and pumpkin residue extract (3% w/v) was developed for application onto ground beef. A control film (without additives) was used for comparison. The film's physical, barrier, antioxidant (DPPH), and antimicrobial properties were analyzed. The addition of oil does not contribute to reducing the film's water vapor permeability or impact solubility values. Regarding the application of the film on ground beef, the addition of oregano oil demonstrated antimicrobial activity against mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, and Salmonella. The film also showed significant antioxidant activity. Meat color and pH were assessed and it was found that the film contributed to keeping the pH at low values until the sixth day of storage, but had no influence in maintaining color in the samples. Based on the results, the film may be used as an alternative to packaging because it can contribute to ground beef quality and safety.Practical applicationDeveloped films have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, and the latter was proven when applied in ground beef. The film characteristics show that it may be applied in other foods such as cheeses and other meat cuts to avoid the multiplication of microorganisms. These films can be used as extra conventional packaging protection and its implementation would improve the microbiological quality and contribute to the safety and quality of packaged food.
Control of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in fresh beef by using lactococcin BZ
Authors: Yildirim Zeliha , Yerlikaya Sabire , Öncül Nilgün 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of lactococcin BZ produced by Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis BZ against Listeria monocytogenes in raw beef. Lactococcin BZ depending on concentration (400–3,200 AU/ml) reduced the counts of L. monocytogenes attached to meat surface (from 4.71 log CFU/g to undetectable level, and from 7.92 to 3.64 log CFU/g) in 5 min. When meat samples were simultaneously inoculated with lactococcin BZ and L. monocytogenes, lactococcin BZ reduced the count of non‐attached Listeria cells in 5 min by 1.58–5.03 (undetectable level) log cycles in the low inoculum (5.03 log CFU/g) and 1.11–5.58 log cycles in the large inoculum (7.86 log CFU/g) compared to control samples. Also, lactococcin BZ at 400–3,200 AU/ml reduced the number of L. monocytogenes in meat samples inoculated at 2.45, 4.42, and 7.29 log CFU/g throughout 12 day storage at 4 °C and maintained its biological activity. In addition, lactococcin BZ adsorbed to meat surface and adsorption did not adversely affected antilisterial activity.Practical applicationsIn this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of lactococcin BZ produced by Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis BZ against Listeria monocytogenes during, after or before attachment on raw beef. It was observed that lactococcin BZ depending on its concentration (400–3,200 AU/ml) and amount level of Listeria cells (4.71 or 7.92 log CFU/g) reduced the cell counts of L. monocytogenes in the meat samples very effectively. Lactococcin BZ at 1,600 and 3,200 AU/ml showed strong antilisterial activity toward L. monocytogenes before, during and after attachment to meat samples, but its antilisterial activity was higher before or during attachment than after attachment. Therefore, lactococcin BZ could be potential alternatives to chemical preservatives for meat industry.
Viable microbial loads on citrus carpoplane during packhouse processing and survival of foodborne pathogens in reconstituted postharvest fungicides
Authors: Gomba A. , Chidamba L. , Korsten L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study investigated microbial population shifts on citrus carpoplane and the impact of irrigation and packhouse processing water in four commercial farms. Samples included oranges (n = 450) and water (n = 230). Mean microbial concentrations ranging from 1.6 to 3.6 log colony forming units (CFU)/cm2 were detected on unwashed fruit and were reduced at least by 2.0 log CFU/cm2 for bacteria, 0.8 log CFU/cm2 for fungi and 1.3 log CFU/cm2 for yeasts during washing with disinfectants and/or fungicides. Occasional spikes in concentration (mostly for bacteria) were observed following some packing steps including washing, fungicide treatment, waxing, and final packing. Evaluation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium survival in fungicides typically used during packhouse processing showed them to be susceptible to guazatine, imazalil, philabuster, and ortho‐phenyl phenate. Both tested pathogens were able to survive in thiabendazole, fludioxinil and pyremethanil, except for S. Typhimurium in fludioxinil where it died within 4 hr of incubation.Practical applicationsUnderstanding the impact of current intervention strategies on the ecological balance of the citrus carpoplane may provide a more durable approach to reduced losses and spoilage and in developing crop‐specific management systems for food safety assurance. Our study showed process‐by‐process changes in microbial loads naturally present on healthy citrus fruit at harvest. Washing baths containing a sanitizing agent consistently reduced initial microbial loads on the citrus carpoplane. Further, potential survival of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium in currently registered commercial postharvest fungicides, was demonstrated. The pesticide fludioxinil was observed to be effective against, S. Typhimurium providing some potential use as a kill step agent, which, however, needs further investigation.
Prevalence of acne vulgaris and its impact of the quality of life among secondary school‐aged adolescents in Sohag Province, Upper Egypt
Authors: El‐Hamd Mohammed Abu , Nada Essam El‐Din Abdel‐aziz , Moustafa Mohammed Abdel‐Kareem , Mahboob‐Allah Rehab Ahmed 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundAcne vulgaris is the most common dermatological condition encountered in adolescents.AimIt was to determine the prevalence of acne vulgaris and its impact of the quality of life among adolescents attending secondary schools in Sohag Province, Upper Egypt.Patients and methodsThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted in randomly selected governmental and technical secondary schools in Sohag Province, Upper Egypt. Approval was taken from the scientific research committee of Sohag Faculty of Medicine and also from Ministry of Education. Every student with acne was subjected to full medical history and local examination of head and neck to assess the severity of acne vulgaris. Assessment of the impact of acne vulgaris on their quality of life was carried out using self‐reported validated specific questionnaire, the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI).ResultsThis study included 994 teenage secondary school students. The overall prevalence of acne vulgaris was 333 (33.5%). The mean age of the students with acne was 16.84±0.87. Acne vulgaris was more common among females than among males (200, 60% vs 133, 40%). The most common form of acne vulgaris was mild 178, 53%, followed by moderate form 135, 41%, and severe form 20, 6%. CADI score was significantly related to the disease grade and it was maximum among those with severe grade, followed by moderate and lastly mild disease grade.ConclusionAcne vulgaris is a common skin disease and has a valuable impact on quality of life among adolescents attending secondary schools in Sohag Province, Upper Egypt.
“Welcome on board”: Overall liking and just‐about‐right ratings of airplane meals in three different consumption contexts—laboratory, re‐created airplane, and actual airplane
Authors: Holthuysen Nancy T. E. , Vrijhof Milou N. , de Wijk René A. , Kremer Stefanie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of contexts on overall liking and just‐about‐right (JAR) ratings of airplane meals. A rice dish (meal type A) and a pasta dish (meal type B) were assessed. Per meal type, two variants were produced (variant 1 and 2). Two hundred forty‐two consumers were randomly allocated to evaluate one of the four meals, first in a laboratory setting and then in a re‐created airplane environment. In addition, 222 passengers did the same assessments during an actual flight. Specific meals (A1, B1) were less liked in the laboratory than in the re‐created airplane. In general, no differentiation in overall liking occurred per meal type between the two tested variants in the laboratory, whereas these two variants were significantly differentiated in liking in the re‐created airplane and the actual airplane. Mean overall liking ratings in the re‐created airplane did not significantly differ from the mean overall liking ratings in the actual airplane. The observed JAR ratings did not differ much between the re‐created airplane and the actual airplane. In summary, the re‐created airplane as a testing location produced more similar test results to the actual airplane than the traditional laboratory.Practical applicationsSensory consumer testing in re‐created contexts may produce results with a higher external validity than laboratory testing and therefore offer a cost‐efficient alternative to extensive sensory consumer testing in real‐life contexts.
Ongoing incident hepatitis C virus infection among people with a history of injecting drug use in an Australian prison setting, 2005‐2014: The HITS‐p study
Authors: Cunningham E. B. , Hajarizadeh B. , Bretana N. A. , Amin J. , Betz‐Stablein B. , Dore G. J. , Luciani F. , Teutsch S. , Dolan K. , Lloyd A. R. , Grebely J. ,   the HITS‐p investigators
Published: March 2017

SummaryHepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission is high in prisons. This study investigated trends in HCV incidence and associated factors among a cohort of prisoners with a history of injecting drug use in New South Wales, Australia. Data were available from the Hepatitis C Incidence and Transmission Study—prisons (HITS‐p) from 2005 to 2014. Temporal trends in HCV incidence were evaluated. Factors associated with time to HCV seroconversion among people with ongoing injecting was assessed using Cox proportional hazards. Among 320 antibody‐negative participants with a history of injecting drug use (mean age 26; 72% male), 62% (n=197) reported injecting drug use during follow‐up. Overall, 93 infections were observed. HCV incidence was 11.4/100 person‐years in the overall population and 6.3/100 person‐years among the continually imprisoned population. A stable trend in HCV incidence was observed. Among the overall population with ongoing injecting during follow‐up, ≥weekly injecting drug use frequency was independently associated with time to HCV seroconversion. Among continuously imprisoned injectors with ongoing injecting during follow‐up, needle/syringe sharing was independently associated with time to HCV seroconversion. This study demonstrates that prison is a high‐risk environment for acquisition of HCV infection. Needle and syringe sharing was associated with HCV infection among continually imprisoned participants, irrespective of frequency of injecting or the type of drug injected. These findings highlight the need for the evaluation of improved HCV prevention strategies in prison, including needle/syringe programmes and HCV treatment.
Histopathologic Characteristics of Intestinal Biopsy Samples from Dogs With Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy With and Without Hypoalbuminemia
Authors: Jablonski Wennogle Sara A. , Priestnall S.L. , Webb C.B. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundPrevious studies have identified hypoalbuminemia as a risk factor for negative outcome in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE), but it has not been determined whether histopathology differs betweenCEdogs with and without hypoalbuminemia.ObjectiveTo compare histopathologic findings in dogs with biopsy‐diagnosed inflammatoryCEwith and without hypoalbuminemia.Animals83 dogs that had intestinal biopsy performed between January 2010–July 2015. Dogs had signs compatible withCEof at least 3‐weeks' duration and no evidence of clinically relevant extra‐gastrointestinal (GI) disease or potential non‐GIcauses of hypoalbuminemia. Dogs had primary diagnosis of inflammatory enteritis based on histopathology.MethodsDogs were grouped intoCEwith normoalbuminemia (CEN; serum albumin concentration ≥3.0 g/dL, N = 46) or chronic enteropathy with hypoalbuminemia (CEH; serum albumin concentration <3.0 g/dL, N = 37). A pathologist (SLP) blinded to the groups reviewed biopsy samples and applied the World Small Animal Veterinary Association scoring system to all samples.ResultsIntestinal biopsy samples from dogs in theCEHgroup were significantly more likely to display villous stunting, epithelial injury, crypt distension, and lacteal dilatation, and were more likely to have intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria neutrophils than biopsy samples from dogs in theCENgroup. Additionally, higher scores for each of the above listed histopathologic criteria were associated with a lower serum albumin concentration.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHistopathologic features of chronic inflammatory enteropathy differ between dogs that are hypo‐ versus normoalbuminemic. Additional work is needed to elucidate the clinical relevance of these differences.
Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence in 163 Neutered Female Dogs: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Relationship of Weight and Age at Neuter to Development of Disease
Authors: Byron J.K. , Taylor K.H. , Phillips G.S. , Stahl M.S. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundUrethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is the most common cause of urinary incontinence in neutered bitches and is most common in dogs weighing >20 kg.ObjectivesTo describe a population of neutered bitches with USMI and investigate their initial presentation, the relationship between weight and age at neuter, and treatment.AnimalsOne hundred and sixty‐three female dogs with USMI (UI) diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2012, and 193 continent neutered control (C) bitches.MethodsRetrospective data were collected from neutered female dogs with USMI and healthy, continent neutered females presented between January 2009 and December 2012.ResultsUrinary incontinent dogs weighed more than C dogs (P = .003), and there was no difference in age at neuter. The relationship between weight at diagnosis and age at neuter was found to impact the hazard of USMI. A decrease in the hazard of USMI was found in dogs weighing >25 kg for every month delay of neuter in the first year. The hazard did not change for dogs <15 kg. Median time from neuter to development of incontinence was 3.73 years. Phenylpropanolamine was prescribed in 75.5%, diethylstilbestrol in 21.5%, and both in 3.1% of dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNeutering bitches expected to be >25 kg adult weight later in their first year may decrease the hazard of developing USMI, whereas age at neutering of bitches <25 kg may not impact continence. Heavier dogs have increased risk of USMI, and onset occurs within a few years of neuter.
The Use of Darbepoetin to Stimulate Erythropoiesis in the Treatment of Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs
Authors: Fiocchi E.H. , Cowgill L.D. , Brown D.C. , Markovich J.E. , Tucker S. , Labato M.A. , Callan M.B. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundDarbepoetin alfa (darbepoetin) is an erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent used for the treatment of anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs, but reports describing response are lacking.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of darbepoetin in dogs with anemia secondary toCKD, dosing protocols, and adverse events.AnimalsThirty‐three client‐owned dogs with naturally occurringCKD, including 26 with comorbidities.MethodsMulti‐institutional retrospective study.ResultsThe median starting dosage and highest dosage of darbepoetin administered were 0.5 and 0.8 μg/kgSConce weekly, respectively. Response to treatment was defined as achieving a packed cell volume (PCV) ≥30% or an increase inPCV≥10%. Twenty‐eight of 33 dogs (85%) achieved aPCV≥30% and 22 of 33 (67%) dogs achieved an increase inPCV≥10%. Median time to achieve aPCV≥30% was 29 days. A higher starting dosage was associated with achieving an increase inPCV≥10% (P= .01). No dog sustained a response at a dosing interval >q21d. Potential adverse events included increased blood pressure requiring treatment (n = 12), seizures (n = 5), vomiting (n = 3), diarrhea (n = 3), and possible pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) (n = 2).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDarbepoetin, when combined with treatment of comorbidities, is an effective treatment for anemia secondary toCKDin dogs. A dosing interval >q21d was ineffective at maintaining a response to treatment. PRCA was a possible adverse event in 2 of 33 dogs (6%).
Assessing children's written texts: a framework for equity
Authors: Bearne Eve 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this article, I confine myself to the situation in England that offers a paradigm example of one of the fundamental tensions besetting teaching and assessing writing: the stranglehold of an individualistic view of writing development as opposed to a more socio‐cultural perspective. Examining the uses of summative assessment for accountability purposes and the exclusion of students' multimodal text knowledge and experience, I propose a descriptive framework that can support formative assessment. It encompasses the English national curriculum programmes of study for writing and the associated assessment criteria as well as the features of multimodal texts. Two case studies exemplify using the framework to analyse the writing of students whose accomplishments cannot be fully given value by the current assessment and accountability regime. Finally, I suggest that professional development and respect for professionalism are needed to give teachers the means to reconcile some of the tensions between the urge to teach creatively and imaginatively and their responsibility to their students to cover curricular requirements.
UWIN (Urgency, Weak stream, Incomplete Void, Nocturia) Score for Assessment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Could it Replace the American Urology Association Symptom Index Score? An Open Label Randomized Cross over Trial
Authors: MALLYA Ashwin , KESHAVAMURTHY Ramaiah , KARTHIKEYAN Vilvapathy S. , KUMAR Sumit , NAGABHUSHANA Mahadevappa , KAMATH Ananth J. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThe American Urology Association symptom index (AUASI) is the most accepted tool to assess lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). UWIN (urgency, weak stream, incomplete void, nocturia) score is a simplified questionnaire with fewer and more distinctive options omitting three questions from AUASI. We sought to identify if UWIN is equally efficient in capturing LUTS and could replace the gold‐standard AUASI.MethodsConsecutive consenting male patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)‐LUTS were randomized to receive either UWIN/AUASI questionnaire first followed by the other. Education levels, time taken to complete, need for assistance, ease of comprehension and satisfaction to symptom assessment were assessed for each questionnaire. Correlation analysis was done for corresponding items, total and QoL scores on both questionnaires.ResultsTotal of 294 completely filled questionnaire pairs were analyzed. Between corresponding UWIN and AUASI items, there was 93–97% correlation. When obstructive and irritative scores were added, correlation was 85% and for QOL scores 89%. Overall, AUASI required more assistance (58 vs 34%, P < 0.001), took longer to complete (11.2 vs 4.8 min, P < 0.001) and required higher educational level for comprehension (P = 0.02). Significantly higher percentage of patients preferred the UWIN and more comprehensible.ConclusionUWIN is as effective in capturing LUTS as the gold‐standard AUASI in spite of three questions of AUASI being omitted in UWIN. Severity of obstructive and irritative nature of LUTS and quality of life are interpreted similar to AUASI. UWIN is easier to comprehend and rapid, needing lesser assistance even with lower educational status.