bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPUTER PROGNOSIS OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY FOR A NUMBER OF NEW 7-R-8-SUBSTITUTED-1,3-DIMETHYL-XANTHINE
Authors: Korobko Dmytro , Logoyda Liliya , Markiv Ihor , Berdey Ihor 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCreation of new potential active pharmaceutical ingredients of synthetic origin is an urgent problem of modern medical chemistry. With this purpose was obtained a number of original 7,8-disubstituted theophylline, and some molecular and pharmacological descriptors are calculated using public Web-resource Chemicalize.org. There was shown the influence of respective substituents in 7 and 8 positions of molecules of synthesized substances on druglike and was confirmed the prospects of chosen area of study. Keywords: virtual analysis, 7,8-disubstituted 1,3-dimethylxanthine, druglike, Ghosh, Maggie and Weber filters.
HIV/AIDS STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION AMONG THE GENERAL PUBLIC IN SELECTED RURAL COMMUNITY, KANCHEEPRAM DISTRICT, INDIA.
Authors: Malini Hema 
Published: April 2017

Community-level stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV is found all over the world, with people forced to leave their home, change their daily activities such as shopping, socializing or schooling, face rejection and verbal and physical abuse. The objective of the study was to assess the HIV/AIDS stigma among the general public. Quantitative approach and descriptive research design was adopted for the present study. The study was conducted in Vallancherry a selected rural village of Kattankulathur . The sample size for the present study was 300. Three point rating scale was used to assess the HIV/STIGMA and discrimination.The present study findings revealed that among 300 samples none of them reported severe stigma ,50 (16.7%) participants reported moderate stigma and 250 (83.3%) participants reported low stigma. Stigma blocks access to HIV testing and treatment services, making onwards transmission more likely. The removal of barriers to these services is key to end the global HIV epidemic.Key Words : HIV, AIDS, Stigma, Discrimination, Rejection
PERFORMANCE OF CHROM AGAR MEDIUM AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR DETECTION OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.
Authors: Patil Nilima R 
Published: April 2017

Background:- Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are responsible for hospital and community acquired infections. There are many laboratory methods for detection of MRSA. Chromogenic media have been used for the last few years for the quick detection of MRSA. Objective:- Aim of this study was to compare the performance of conventional methods and chromogenic media for the detection of MRSA in a tertiary care hospital. Material and method: - 200 consecutive isolates of S. aureus confirmed by conventional methods, collected in a tertiary care hospital were used for this study. Cefoxitin and oxacillin disc diffusion test used as conventional methods and Chromogenic media i.e. oxacillin resistant screen agar base (ORSAB) was used for detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. All confirmed MRSA were checked by gold standard mecA base PCR method. Result: - Out of 200 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 50,52 and 47 strains were MRSA by Cefoxitin disc diffusion method, oxacillin disc diffusion method and oxacillin resistant screen agar base (ORSAB) method respectively. Specificity was 100%, 98.66%, 98.66% by Cefoxitin disc diffusion, oxacillin disc diffusion and ORSAB method respectively. Conclusion: - In conclusion, cefoxitin disc diffusion was the best for the phenotypic detection of MRSA because their sensitivity and specificity were better than oxacillin and ORSAB.
PHYTOCONSTITUENTS FROM RICHARDIA SCABRA L. AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Kathirvel Poonkodi 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present chemical investigation is carried out for the isolation of active phytoconstituents from Richardia scabra Linn belongs to Rubiaceae family.Methods: Air dried plant material was macerated with petroleum ether and defatted plant was introduced in Soxhlet apparatus with methanol. Both extracts were subjected to column chromatography for isolation of active chemicals.Result: Two novel coumarins from the methanol extract and one fatty acid from the petroleum ether extract were isolated from Richardia. Oleic acid, heraclenin and isopsoralen were isolated for the first time in the genus Richardia. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the heraclenin was evaluated with HeLa cell line and cell cycle arrest by Fluorescent assisted cell sorting analysis.Conclusion: The result revealed that the heraclenin has potent cytotoxicity with the IC50 value was 46.09µg/ml and it induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase about (51.2%), S phase (30.2) and resulted in a decline in the percentage of G2-M phase.Keywords: cell cycle, cytotoxicity, Heraclenin, isopsoralen, Oleic acid, Richardia scabra
DOES PROVIDING FREE ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY ENSURE OPTIMAL ADHERENCE AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV / AIDS?
Authors: Mallya Sneha Deepak , Kamath Veena Ganesh , Nair Suma , Kamath Asha 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroduction/Back ground: Availability of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) has revolutionalised the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus /Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and improved the survival of those infected with the virus. However, adherence to therapy is a prerequisite for treatment success and preventing drug resistance. Aim: The present study was carried out with the aim of determining the level of adherence and factors affecting it among patients receiving free ART. Methods: A cross sectional study design was adopted and 320 HIV positive patients receiving free ART from a district hospital in Udupi were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Adherence to ART >95% of the prescribed medication was used as the cut off for deciding on the treatment adherence. Results: An encouragingly high 96.9% of the individuals were adherent to the medication over the past month. However, 41.8% of the participants reported to have ever missed doses of ART. On univariate analysis, having ever consumed alcohol, absence of side effects such as fatigue and tingling/numbness, having a feeling of sadness and sleep disturbances, being on Efavirenz based regimen, non-disclosure HIV status, being unsure of continuing lifelong treatment were significantly associated with non-adherence (p<0.05).Conclusion: Although non adherence was of concern among a small proportion of participants, a large number of them reported to have ever missed doses of ART. This finding suggests that adherence rate may be lower over longer periods of time. Hence, periodic assessments may address patient specific barriers and help to improve the adherence rate among this population.
BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM : HISTORY AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: L Arun 
Published: April 2017

Abstract Of the various routes of drug delivery, the oral route is most ancient as well as preferred by the patient being convenient to take. However, peroral administration of drugs has short comings such as hepatic first-pass metabolism and enzymatic degradation within the GI-tract which comprehend a hindrance to the absorption of peptides and protein group of drug. The drug absorption takesplace faster as it is in contact with the absorption surface. The drug delivery system helps the drug to remain at the same place of application longer for once or twice daily dosing. For some drugs alternate way of administration results in novel methods of action as opposed to the above said procedure. The characteristics of the oral mucosa as well as physicochemical properties of the drug poses as a hindrance to the oral mucosal administration of some drugs. Commercial availability of drug is restricted, although most of the drugs are qualitatively assessed for oral transmucosal delivery. The clinical benefit produced by an oral transmucosal dosage form is good eventhough the production of this dosage form is expensive. Transmucosal products are the recent drug delivery strategies. Delivery through transmucosal benefits the absorption four times than that of skin. Considering the availability of products, only some drugs are used for oral transmucosal delivery. So new drugs have to be processed and developed inorder to meet the limited transmucosal drug delivery. Present paper intends to emphasis the importance of oral transmucosal drug delivery and also highlights on the latest advancement in the field.
EFFECTIVENESS OF HANDS OFF VERSUS HANDS ON TECHNIQUES ON PERINEAL TRAUMA AND PERINEAL PAIN AMONG PARTURIENT MOTHERS
Authors: Bhaskaran Jayabharathi 
Published: April 2017

Background: Labor is the process by which the fetus and the placenta leave the uterus. Delivery can occur in two ways, vaginally or by a cesarean delivery. The majority of women who have a vaginal birth will sustain perineal trauma from a spontaneous perineal tear or episiotomy or both.Aim: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of hands off versus hands on techniques on perineal trauma and perineal pain among parturient mothers in selected hospitals, Kerala.Methods: The research design adopted in this study was true experimental post test only design. The study was conducted in 3 hospitals at Kerala such as Karothukuzhiyil hospital Pvt, Lakshmi hospital Pvt and Carmal hospital Pvt. Sample size was computed by power analysis based on the previous studies and it would be a total of 90 samples, with 30 parturient mothers in each groups. Simple random sampling technique (Lottery method) was adopted for the selection of parturient mothers into the study. Perineal trauma was assessed by the scale given by Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RCOG), 2001, and visual analogue scale (Combined numerical and categorical pain scale) was used to assess the perineal pain of parturient mothers.Results: The results showed that, there was extremely significant difference found in perineal trauma and perineal pain of parturient mothers between study group I and study II at p=0.000 level. The mean scores of study group I was lesser than the mean scores of study group II. Conclusion: Different perineal techniques and interventions such as hands on technique, hands off technique, perineal massage, warm compresses etc can be widely used by midwives and birth attendants to prevent perineal trauma during labour. Key words: hands off technique, hands on technique, perineal trauma and perineal pain
STUDY OF THERMAL INTERACTION OF CELL-PHONE RADIATIONS WITHIN HUMAN HEAD TISSUES
Authors: Basandrai Deepak 
Published: April 2017

In the present investigation, a theoretical model based on Maxwell equations, microscopic form of ohm’s law and Joules law of heating effect is proposed for the study of penetration depth, attenuation coefficient and specific absorption rate (SAR) with varying distance between the source of radiation and exposed human head tissues (skin, fat, brain and bone). In addition, corresponding temperature increase inside these various human head tissues is also calculated. Results of present study indicate that the temperature rise in human tissue depends upon specific absorption rate and the duration for which human body is actually exposed to GSM radiations. By assuming the distance of 1cm and exposure time of 5 minutes, the highest SAR was estimated to be 1681.7 W/Kg for the brain tissue at 900 MHz and 4038.5 W/Kg for 1800 MHz. Maximum skin depth and attenuation coefficient was found to be in the case of fat and brain tissue, respectively amongst rest head tissues. The corresponding highest temperature rise for the brain tissue was calculated to be 2.31K at 900 MHz and 5.54K at 1800 MHz frequencies.
DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SIBUTRAMINE HCL IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE USING SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION – HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Kamardi Tarita 
Published: April 2017

Object: The purpose of this study is to develop a rapid and sensitive method for identifying sibutramine HCl. Methods: Reversed phase solid phase extraction (SPE) method with Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) cartridge was selected to be developed and optimized. Optimization was done by optimizing solvent in sample preparation and rinse solvent in washing step. The extract of SPE was injected into reversed phase HPLC with C18 column with PDA detector. Furthermore, the optimized results was validated which included specificity and determination of the detection limit. Validated analytical method was used to analyze sibutramine HCl qualitatively in slimming herbal medicine which was obtained from the market. Results: Analysis method optimization results showed that the optimum sample solvent to extract sibutramine HCl in solid phase extraction was 3% orthophosphoric acid. Then it was shaken for 30 min and filtered, the filtrate was put in SPE cartridge that had been conditioned using ethanol and water. After rinsing with NH4OH solution in water and NH4OH solution in 80% ethanol, the analyte was eluted with acetonitrile. Identification of sibutramine HCl was done by HPLC at wavelength 254 nm. Sibutramine HCl gave maximum wavelength at 222 nm. Sibutramine HCl calibration curve gave quite linear results in the range from 0.10 to 0.50 mg/ml with R2 = 0.9966. The detection limit of this assay was 2.326 µg/ml. Specificity of this method is quite good. Simulation sample gave resolution for diethylpropion 2.415; sibutramine HCl 2.877 and amphetamine sulfate 5.673.This methods recovery was 38.0 to 45.0 %. Conclusion: This study showed faster and specific method for identifying sibutramine HCl in traditional medicine. Keywords: sibutramine HCl, solid phase extraction, HLB, slimming herbal medicine, HPLC
IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND IN-VIVO HEPATO PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS FROM THE BARK OF SHOREA ROBUSTA (DIPTEROCARPACEAE) AGAINST CARBON TETRA CHLORIDE INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: Biswas Diptanu 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT: The study is designed for the evaluation of in-vivo Hepato protective and in-vitro Anti oxidant activity of ethanol extracts from the bark of Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae) by CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Ethanol extracts from the bark Shorea robusta (EESR) was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats by inducing liver damage by CCl4. The anti oxidant activity of EESR was assayed by various in-vitro antioxidant methods and activities were compared to standard ascorbic acid. Ethanol extracts at an oral dose 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg exhibited a significant (*p<0.005) protective effects by lowering the level of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Serum bilirubin, total cholesterol and increasing the level of total proteins as compared to Silymarin (50mg/kg) used as positive control. The extracts exhibit significant anti oxidant activity in various in vitro anti oxidant models. From these studies we are concluding that, the ethanolic extracts of S.robusta have potent hepatoprotective effects and have anti oxidant properties, hence can be used as a natural product against liver damage.KEY WORDS: Anti oxidant, Carbon tetra chloride, Hepatoprotective, Shorea robusta
IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL INHIBITORS FOR LOWERING CHOLESTEROL LEVEL BY INHIBITING PCSK9
Authors: Suganya Rathi 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: PCSK9 has medical significance in lowering cholesterol levels. Inhibitors target and inactivate PCSK9 in the liver. Knocking out PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9) reduces the amount of harmful LDL cholesterol circulating in the bloodstream. There are two known inhibitors for treating the cardiovascular disease “Arilocumab” and “Evalocumab”. However there are many side-effects. The current study is to identify natural and synthetic inhibitor using the pharmacophoric feature of the known inhibitor and validating the short listed candidates using Molecular dynamics and ADMET properties.Methods: Known inhibitors for the PCSK9 Protein were taken from the BINDING DATABASE. Molecular docking was performed for the known inhibitors with the PCSK9 protein. After docking the best inhibitor was selected and the docking result was then imported to find the pharmacophoric features.Results: The pharmacophore model was generated with 3 features containing 1 hydrogen bond acceptor(A),1 Hydrogen bond donor(B) and 1 Aromatic ring. The constructed e-pharmacophore model was screened with more than 20000 natural compounds. 5 compounds were short listed. Among them ZINC85625485 has glide score of -13.03 kcal/mol with glide energy was -57.62 kcal/mol and ZINC85625406 has glide score of -8.1kcal/mol with glide energy was -39.33kcal/mol were taken as the best Hits.Conclusion: PCSK9 is known to be a therapeutic agent as it controls the plasma LDL cholesterol levels by posttranslational regulation of the LDL receptor. Therefore, up-regulation of PCSk9 can lead to elevated cholesterol level in such case inhibition of PCSK9 will be a effective remedy. In this study already known inhibitors were taken and pharmacophore feature was generated. Zinc database was screened to find out novel compounds with similar pharmacophore features that can act as potentially active compound against PCSK9. ZINC85625485 and ZINC85625406 were short listed as lead compounds with Molecular dynamics simulation and checking the ADMET properties. Keywords: PCSK9, Docking, ADMET, Molecular Dynamics.
PATTERN OF SELF MEDICATION AND DRUGS USE BEHAVIOR AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF MEDICAL AND NON MEDICAL COLLEGES IN A CITY OF NORTH EAST INDIA- A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Dutta Sarmistha 
Published: April 2017

Objective- The present study was undertaken to assess and compare the practice of self medication and drug use behavior among undergraduate students of medical and non-medical colleges in a city in North-East India. Method- A cross sectional questionnaire based study was conducted among 300 undergraduate students each of medical and non medical colleges of Guwahati city of Assam after taking informed consent . Approval of Institutional Ethical Committee was taken prior to the commencement of the study. Data was collected with a prevalidated questionnaire related to various aspects like class of drugs used for self medication, conditions for which self medication may be employed and their knowledge, attitude and practice of self medication etc. Statistical analysis of the data was done. Result- In our study,71% of medical students and 63% of non medical students practiced self medication which was statistically significant. The most common drugs for self medication were analgesics and anti pyretics. Both medical and non medical students considered non severity of illnesses and quick relief from symptoms as the major reasons for self medication. The major information source for most of medical students who practiced self-medication were textbooks and package inserts. Medical students prefer Allopathic system of medicine and Non medical students are more inclined towards Ayurvedic system.Conclusion- Practice, Knowledge and Awareness about self medication is significantly more in medical students in comparison to non medical students which can be attributed to their medical knowledge.Keywords- Self medication, Questionnaire, Package inserts, Allopathic, Awareness, Pharmacy.
Pattern of medication use among elderly patients attending medicine department in a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Burla Swathi 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present study was aimed to assess the drug prescribing pattern and analyze the prescribing pattern using Beers criteria among elderly patients aged over 60 years Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study conducted in the outpatient department of general medicine in a tertiary care hospital for the duration of three months. Institutional ethics committee approval was taken prior to initiation of the study. Written informed consent was taken from each study subject. A total of 287 subjects who were aged more than 60 years recruited into the study. The data was collected in a pre structured case record form. Subjects’ demographic details, medical conditions and drugs included in prescription their dose; frequency and duration were noted in case record form. Results: Among 287 subjects 91.64% subjects belonged to 61-70years age group, remaining 8.36% subjects were >71year older and 57.14% were males and 42.86% were females. Hypertension was the most common cause of attending hospital followed by diabetes mellitus, CNS disorders, respiratory, cardiovascular disorders other than hypertension and infectious diseases. A total of 1574 formulations containing 1669 active ingredients and 90 FDCs were prescribed. And only 152 formulations were prescribed from outside hospital formulary. The average number of drugs per prescription was 5.48±2.00. Among the individual drugs vitamin B complex was the most commonly prescribed drug Conclusion: There is need for more rational prescribing and to form guidelines for safe and effective use of medicines in elderly patients.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DROSERA SPATULATA VAR BAKOENSIS- AN INDIGENOUS CARNIVOROUS PLANT AGAINST RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIOUS MICROBES.
Authors: Tulasi Chidepudi D S L N 
Published: April 2017

Objective: In the present study, the phytochemical constituents of Drosera spatulata, have been evaluated and antimicrobial activity was screened against respiratory tract infectious microbes.Methods: The phytochemicals present in Drosera spatulata by qualitative phytochemical assays and the antimicrobial activity along with MIC, MBC and BIC were determined against S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and S.Pneumonia the causative organisms of pulmonary infections, mainly effects the nasal pharynx, trachea, and lungs as well as Aspergillus niger.Results: Aqueous, ethanol, methanol extracts of thick roots, open flower and hair of Drosera spatulata var bakoensis against this pathogenic bacteria and fungi showed high zone of inhibition which estimated by disc-diffusion method as well as minimum inhibition concentration manifestation by the broth microdilution assay followed MBC and BIC. The values of MIC, MBC and BIC obtained were between 0.3-0.9, 0.36-2.25, 0.12 - 0.37 mg/mL. The results revealed that the plant extracts of Drosera spatulata var bakoensis have high potential even at low concentrations values against bacteria and fungi cultures and this results validated by the presence of high amounts of alkaloids, quinones, anthraquinones, flavonoids in the plant extracts. Conclusion: In the present study, the results showed the presence of high amounts of alkaloids, flavonoids, quninoes, anthraquinones, terpinoids in Drasera spatulata plant. In the antibacterial and antifungal activity, the ethanol and methanol extracts significantly showed the activity against the tested respiratory disease causing bacteria and antifungal properties with zone of inhibition showed more than aqueous extracts at very low concentrations