bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choroidal Neovascularization and Coincident Perforating Scleral Vessels in Pathologic Myopia
Authors: Giuffrè Chiara , Querques Lea , Carnevali Adriano , De Vitis Luigi A. , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe 
Published: February 2017

Purpose To describe the coincidence of perforating scleral vessels and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in pathologic myopia. Methods Medical records and multimodal imaging were reviewed from patients with CNV secondary to pathologic myopia who presented to the Medical Retina and Imaging Unit of San Raffaele Hospital in Milan between October 2015 and March 2016. Main outcomes were the prevalence of coincident perforating scleral vessels and overlying CNV and association between perforating scleral vessels and CNV position within the macula and neovascular activity. Results Forty-one eyes of 39 patients (6 male, 33 female, mean age 63.7 ± 14.1 years) with CNV secondary to pathologic myopia were included in the study. Scleral perforating vessels (average number of perforating vessels per eye 2.1 ± 1.0) were found in 29 out of 41 eyes (70.7%) at the site of CNV. There was no association between presence of perforating vessels and neovascular activity or CNV position. Conclusions Perforating scleral vessels are often coincident with myopic CNV. We hypothesize that scleral vessels located beneath myopic CNV can play a role in neovascular development.
Effect of Thiolated Glycosaminoglycans on the Behavior of Breast Cancer Cells: Toward the Development of in vitro Models of Cancer
Authors: Köwitsch Alexander , Chhalotre Ankur , Groth Thomas 
Published: February 2017

Purpose The influence of extracellular matrix components like glycosaminoglycans (GAG) or adhesive proteins on the migration of cancer cells and the progression of tumorigenesis remains a challenging task. Therefore, this study aims to give insight into the interaction of cancer cells exhibiting different metastatic potential (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468) with surface immobilized GAG interacting with serum proteins like fibronectin. Methods Model substrata were covalently coated with different thiolated GAG (hyaluronan (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS), heparin (Hep)) and investigated for the adsorption of fibronectin (FN) with surface plasmon resonance. Then, adhesion of breast cancer cells in the presence of and without serum proteins was studied. Further, the outgrow behavior of confluent cancer cells was examined with the help of cell migration chambers and single-cell migration with time-lapse microscopy. Results FN adsorption revealed that the Hep-coated surfaces were able to adsorb significantly more protein than CS and HA. Generally, initial adhesion of breast cancer cells on GAG-coated substrata was inhibited for HA- and CS-coated substrata in the presence of serum proteins for both cell lines in comparison to serum-free conditions. The cell size was also significantly decreased by the influence of serum proteins. The outgrow studies clearly confirmed the different migration speed of both cancer cells while single-cell migration was particularly enhanced on HA-coated surfaces. Conclusions The results reveal that adsorption of serum proteins (e.g. albumin) possess an inhibiting effect on the adhesion of breast cancer cells and that single-cell migration is enhanced for both breast cancer cell lines on HA.
Lift-off Test Results After Lesser Tuberosity Osteotomy Versus Subscapularis Peel in Primary Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Shafritz Adam B. , Fitzgerald Michael G. , Beynnon Bruce D. , DeSarno Michael J. 
Published: February 2017

Background:
The ideal method for management of the subscapularis tendon during anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) remains controversial.

Methods:
In a retrospective cohort study, primary anatomic TSA procedures performed with either a subscapularis peel or a lesser tuberosity osteotomy from 2002 to 2010 were reviewed at a minimum 1-year follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the performance of a normal lift-off test postoperatively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine if other covariates besides surgical technique correlated with an abnormal lift-off test result.

Results:
Ninety TSA procedures were evaluated. Forty-six procedures were performed with subscapularis peel, and 44 were performed with lesser tuberosity osteotomy. Mean follow-up was 4 years. In the subscapularis peel group, 32 of 46 shoulders (69.6%) had a normal lift-off test, compared with 40 of 44 shoulders (90.9%) in the lesser tuberosity osteotomy group (P = 0.01). The results of multivariate logistic regression suggested that lesser tuberosity osteotomy was associated with a normal postoperative lift-off test 4.5 times more often than was subscapularis peel.

Conclusions:
Our study suggests that the use of lesser tuberosity osteotomy as the surgical approach for anatomic TSA is a reliable option that provides the patient with a better chance of maintaining subscapularis function postoperatively than the subscapularis peel does.

Level of Evidence:
Level III retrospective cohort study
Seismic tomography of the North Anatolian Fault: New insights into structural heterogeneity along a continental strike‐slip fault
Authors: Papaleo Elvira , Cornwell David G. , Rawlinson Nicholas 
Published: February 2017

AbstractKnowledge of the structure of continental strike‐slip faults within the lithosphere is essential to understand where the deformation occurs and how strain localizes with depth. With the aim to improve the constraints on the lower crust and upper mantle structure of a major continental strike‐slip fault, we present a high‐resolution teleseismic tomography of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in Turkey. Our results highlight the presence of a relatively high velocity body between the two branches of the fault and significant along‐strike variations in the NAFZ velocity structure over distances of ∼20 km. We interpret these findings as evidence of laterally variable strain focussing caused by preexisting heterogeneity. Low velocities observed in the crust and upper mantle beneath the NAFZ support the presence of a narrow shear zone widening in the upper mantle, where we constrain its width to be ∼50 km.
Brief Report: The Euro‐Lupus Low‐Dose Intravenous Cyclophosphamide Regimen Does Not Impact the Ovarian Reserve, as Measured by Serum Levels of Anti–Müllerian Hormone
Authors: Tamirou Farah , Husson Séverine Nieuwland , Gruson Damien , Debiève Frédéric , Lauwerys Bernard R. , Houssiau Frédéric A. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveThe Euro‐Lupus regimen of low‐dose intravenous cyclophosphamide (IV CYC) (cumulative dose of 3 gm) was developed to reduce gonadal toxicity. To address the possibility of a marginal effect on the ovarian reserve, we measured serum titers of anti–Müllerian hormone (AMH) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with the Euro‐Lupus regimen and compared them with those measured in patients who were treated with higher doses of IV CYC or were never treated with IV CYC.MethodsSerum AMH levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in a cohort of 155 premenopausal SLE patients; 30 of these patients had been treated with the Euro‐Lupus regimen, and 24 had received higher doses of IV CYC. None had received oral CYC. AMH levels were age‐adjusted using a slope computed from levels measured across the group of SLE patients who had not been treated with IV CYC. Demographic and clinical data were collected.ResultsSerum titers of AMH measured in SLE patients treated with the Euro‐Lupus IV CYC regimen (median dose 1.46 ng/ml) did not differ from those measured in patients never treated with the cytotoxic drug (median 1.85 ng/ml). As expected, patients given >6 gm of IV CYC had significantly lower serum titers of AMH (median 0.83 ng/ml) compared with those never treated with IV CYC (P = 0.047). Median serum AMH titers did not change before (1.24 ng/ml) and after (2.50 ng/ml) treatment with the Euro‐Lupus IV CYC regimen in the subset of patients for whom paired samples could be tested (P = 0.43).ConclusionThe Euro‐Lupus regimen of low‐dose IV CYC does not impact the ovarian reserve of SLE patients and can therefore be proposed as treatment in patients seeking to become pregnant.
Ampelopsin protects endothelial cells from hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative damage by inducing autophagy via the AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Liang Xinyu , Zhang Ting , Shi Linying , Kang Chao , Wan Jing , Zhou Yong , Zhu Jundong , Mi Mantian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDiabetic angiopathy is a major diabetes‐specific complication that often begins with endothelial dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia; however, the pathological mechanisms of this progression remain unclear. Ampelopsin is a natural flavonol that has strong antioxidant activity, but little information is available regarding its antidiabetic effect. This study focused on the effect of ampelopsin on hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative damage and the underlying mechanism of this effect in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that hyperglycemia impaired autophagy in HUVECs through the inhibition of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which directly led to endothelial cell damage. Ampelopsin significantly attenuated the detrimental effect of hyperglycemia‐induced cell dysfunction in a concentration‐dependent manner in HUVECs. Ampelopsin significantly upregulated LC3‐II, Beclin1, and Atg5 protein levels but downregulated p62 protein levels in HUVECs. Transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy indicated that ampelopsin notably induced autophagosomes and LC3‐II dots, respectively. Additionally, the autophagy‐specific inhibitor 3‐MA, as well as Atg5 and Beclin1 siRNA pretreatment, markedly attenuated ampelopsin‐induced autophagy, which subsequently abolished the protective effect of ampelopsin against hyperglycemia in HUVECs. Moreover, ampelopsin also increased AMPK activity and inhibited mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) complex activation. Ampelopsin‐induced autophagy was attenuated by the AMPK antagonist compound C but strengthened by the AMPK agonist AICAR (5‐minoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide). Furthermore, AMPK siRNA transfection eliminated ampelopsin's alleviation of cell injury induced by hyperglycemia. The protective effect of ampelopsin against hyperglycemia‐induced cell damage, which functions by targeting autophagy via AMPK activation, makes it a promising pharmacological treatment for type‐2 diabetes. © 2015 BioFactors, 41(6):463–475, 2015
N‐Doped Mesoporous In2O3 for Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution from the In‐based Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Gan Xiaoyu , Zheng Ruijin , Liu Tianlin , Meng Jiao , Chen Ruiping , Sun Xuan , Sun Xun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAs an excellent n‐type semiconductor, indium oxide (In2O3) is also a good candidate for photocatalysis such as light‐induced water splitting. However, the efficiency of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) underperforms in view of the wide band gap (BG) and fast charge recombination in In2O3. N‐doping provides a sound method to narrow the BG and to prohibit the charge recombination by forming new energy levels between the valence band (VB) and the conduction band (CB). In this work, an In‐based organic framework sod‐ZMOF was used as a precursor to prepare the N‐doped In2O3. After calcination, sod‐ZMOF is transformed into N‐doped In2O3 nanocrystalline, in which the ligand within sod‐ZMOF serves as the nitrogen source. In addition, sod‐ZMOF acts as self‐template during calcination to generate abundant nanopores within the In2O3 frameworks, providing large specific surface area and active sites for OER. The BG is narrowed to 2.9 from 3.7 eV of the pure In2O3 on account of the N‐doping. N species are doped in both the substitutional and interstitial fashion, and the interstitial doping is believed to improve the photo‐induced carrier separation by the formation of oxygen vacancies. As a consequence, the overpotential for OER is effectively decreased from the pure In2O3, and the electrocatalytic experiment proves superior catalytic activity with a high current density and long‐term durability compared to the In2O3 nanoparticles obtained from In(OH)3.
Bistable Photoswitching of Hemithioindigo with Green and Red Light: Entry Point to Advanced Molecular Digital Information Processing
Authors: Kink Florian , Collado Marina Polo , Wiedbrauk Sandra , Mayer Peter , Dube Henry 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPhotoswitches reacting to visible light instead of harmful UV irradiation are of very high interest due to the mild and broadly compatible conditions of their operation. Shifting the absorption into the red region of the electromagnetic spectrum usually comes at the cost of losing thermal stability of the metastable state—the switch switches off by itself. Only recently have photoswitches become available that combine visible light responsiveness with high bistability. However, shifting the wavelengths for bistable photoswitching beyond 600 nm is still a great challenge without involving secondary processes such as two‐photon absorption or sensitization. We present a simple hemithioindigo photoswitch that can efficiently be photoisomerized using green and red light while maintaining a high thermal barrier of the metastable state. This highly sought after properties allow for selective switching in a mixture of hemithioindigo dyes. In addition, protonation can be used as second independent input altering the light response of the switch and allowing construction of advanced molecular digital information processing devices. This is demonstrated by realizing a broad variety of logical operations covering combinational and sequential logic behavior. By making use of the protonation‐induced loss of thermal bistability, a high security keypad lock could be realized, which distinguishes the sequences of three different inputs and additionally erases its unlocked state after a short time.
Mother's little helpers: What we know (and don't know) about cooperative infant care in callitrichines
Authors: Erb Wendy M. , Porter Leila M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSince Darwin (), scientists have been puzzled by how behaviors that impose fitness costs on helpers while benefiting their competitors could evolve through natural selection. Hamilton's () theory of inclusive fitness provided an explanation by showing how cooperative behaviors could be adaptive if directed at closely related kin. Recent studies, however, have begun to question whether kin selection is sufficient to explain cooperative behavior in some species (Bergmüller, Johnstone, Russell, & Bshary, ). Many researchers have instead emphasized the importance of direct fitness benefits for helpers in the evolution of cooperative breeding systems. Furthermore, individuals can vary in who, when, and how much they help, and the factors that affect this variation are poorly understood (Cockburn, ; Heinsohn, ). Cooperative breeders thus provide excellent models for the study of evolutionary theories of cooperation and conflict (Cant, ).
Real exchange rate persistence and the excess return puzzle: The case of Switzerland versus the US
Authors: Juselius Katarina , Assenmacher Katrin 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe PPP puzzle refers to the wide swings of nominal exchange rates around their long‐run equilibrium values whereas the excess return puzzle represents the persistent deviation of the domestic‐foreign interest rate differential from the expected change in the nominal exchange rate. Using theI(2) cointegrated VAR model, much of the excess return puzzle disappears when an uncertainty premium in the foreign exchange market, proxied by the persistent PPP gap, is introduced. Self‐reinforcing feedback mechanisms seem to cause the persistence in the Swiss‐US parity conditions. These results support imperfect knowledge based expectations rather than so‐called “rational expectations”.
Contextualisation of Human Rights Discourse by NGO Workers in the Context of Bangladesh
Authors: Noh Jae‐Eun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article explores the particular understanding and practice of a human rights‐based approach (HRBA) in ActionAid Bangladesh, drawing on 28 interviews and 35 documents. Employing thematic analysis, it identifies changes in ActionAid Bangladesh's HRBA influenced by the organisational and national contexts and by the role of development practitioners. The changes are conceptualised as the product of ‘internalisation’, non‐governmental organisation workers' building understanding of and commitment to a HRBA, and ‘contextualisation’, their shaping the HRBA to fit organisational and national contexts. This paper argues the importance of human agency for discourse change, noting the influence of contexts on both agency and discourse. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomically Standardized Maps Reveal Distinct Patterns of Cartilage Thickness With Increasing Severity of Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Favre Julien , Erhart‐Hledik Jennifer C. , Blazek Katerina , Fasel Benedikt , Gold Garry E. , Andriacchi Thomas P. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTWhile cartilage thickness alterations are a central element of knee osteoarthritis (OA), differences among disease stages are still incompletely understood. This study aimed to quantify the spatial‐variations in cartilage thickness using anatomically standardized thickness maps and test if there are characteristic patterns in patients with different stages of medial compartment knee OA. Magnetic resonance images were acquired for 75 non‐OA and 100 OA knees of varying severities (Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) scores 1–4). Three‐dimensional cartilage models were reconstructed and a shape matching technique was applied to convert the models into two‐dimensional anatomically standardized thickness maps. Difference thickness maps and statistical parametric mapping were used to compare the four OA and the non‐OA subgroups. This analysis showed distinct thickness patterns for each clinical stage that formed a coherent succession from the non‐OA to the KL 4 subgroups. Interestingly, the only significant difference for early stage (KL 1) was thicker femoral cartilage. With increase in disease severity, typical patterns developed, including thinner cartilage in the anterior area of the medial condyle (significant for KL 3 and 4) and thicker cartilage in the posterior area of the medial and lateral condyles (significant for all OA subgroups). The tibial patterns mainly consisted of thinner cartilage for both medial and lateral compartments (significant for KL 2–4). Comparing anatomically standardized maps allowed identifying patterns of thickening and thinning over the entire cartilage surface, consequently improving the characterization of thickness differences associated with OA. The results also highlighted the value of anatomically standardized maps to analyze spatial variations in cartilage thickness. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2442–2451, 2017.
Advanced pharmacy practice: aligning national action with global targets
Authors: Galbraith Kirsten , Coombes Ian , Matthews Andrew , Rowett Debra , Bader Lina R. , Bates Ian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFormalised advanced pharmacy practice is needed now more than ever for pharmacists to be able to competently manage increasingly complex patient services and demanding healthcare needs. Principally spearheaded by the International Pharmaceutical Federation, global efforts are guiding the development of foundation and advanced frameworks and facilitating their implementation. Australian action on practitioner development is largely aligned with international goals, but challenges remain in the face of establishing a sustainable national formal credentialing pathway. This paper reports on the latest global and local developments and discusses the opportunities available to continue to advance this agenda in line with global targets.
The industrial applications of cassava: current status, opportunities and prospects
Authors: Li Shubo , Cui Yanyan , Zhou Yuan , Luo Zhiting , Liu Jidong , Zhao Mouming 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a drought‐tolerant, staple food crop that is grown in tropical and subtropical areas. As an important raw material, cassava is a valuable food source in developing countries and is also extensively employed for producing starch, bioethanol and other bio‐based products (e.g. feed, medicine, cosmetics and biopolymers). These cassava‐based industries also generate large quantities of wastes/residues rich in organic matter and suspended solids, providing great potential for conversion into value‐added products through biorefinery. However, the community of cassava researchers is relatively small and there is very limited information on cassava. Therefore this review summarizes current knowledge on the system biology, economic value, nutritional quality and industrial applications of cassava and its wastes in an attempt to accelerate understanding of the basic biology of cassava. The review also discusses future perspectives with respect to integrating and utilizing cassava information resources for increasing the economic and environmental sustainability of cassava industries. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy for base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Christopherson Kaitlin , Morris Christopher G. , Kirwan Jessica M. , Amdur Robert J. , Dziegielewski Peter T. , Boyce Brian J. , Mendenhall William M. 
Published: February 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the long‐term disease control, survival, and complications after definitive radiotherapy (RT) alone or combined with adjuvant chemotherapy with or without planned neck dissection for base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Study DesignWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 467 patients treated at the University of Florida with definitive RT alone or combined with adjuvant chemotherapy between 1964 and 2011 for base of tongue SCC.MethodsMedian follow‐up was 5.6 years. Median total dose to the primary site was 74.4 Gy. Eighty‐seven patients (19%) were treated with once‐daily fractionation, and 380 (81%) received altered fractionation schedules. Intensity‐modulated RT was used in 128 patients (27%). Chemotherapy was administered to 173 (37%) patients. Planned neck dissection after RT was performed in 226 patients (48%). Data regarding p16 pathway activation were available for 25 patients.ResultsAt 5 years, the local, local–regional, and regional control rates were 85.5%, 80.0%, and 90.0%, respectively. The 5‐year overall, cause‐specific, and distant metastasis‐free survival rates were 59.1%, 71.5%, and 84.1%, respectively. Sixty‐four patients (14%) developed one or more severe late complications. Fifty patients (11%) required late gastrostomy tube placement.ConclusionsThis study supports the continued use of RT alone or combined with adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with base of tongue SCC, as this treatment yields high rates of cause‐specific survival and disease control, with a relatively low rate of late complications.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:1589–1594, 2017