bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The STIM1-Orai1 pathway of store-operated Ca2+ entry controls the checkpoint in cell cycle G1/S transition
Authors: Chen Yun-Wen , Chen Yih-Fung , Chen Ying-Ting , Chiu Wen-Tai , Shen Meng-Ru 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCa2+ signaling is important to trigger the cell cycle progression, while it remains elusive in the regulatory mechanisms. Here we show that store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), mediated by the interaction between STIM1 (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor) and Orai1 (a cell membrane pore structure), controls the specific checkpoint of cell cycle. The fluctuating SOCE activity during cell cycle progression is universal in different cell types, in which SOCE is upregulated in G1/S transition and downregulated from S to G2/M transition. Pharmacological or siRNA inhibition of STIM1-Orai1 pathway of SOCE inhibits the phosphorylation of CDK2 and upregulates the expression of cyclin E, resulting in autophagy accompanied with cell cycle arrest in G1/S transition. The subsequently transient expression of STIM1 cDNA in STIM1−/− MEF rescues the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of CDK2, suggesting that STIM1-mediated SOCE activation directly regulates CDK2 activity. Opposite to the important role of SOCE in controlling G1/S transition, the downregulated SOCE is a passive phenomenon from S to G2/M transition. This study uncovers SOCE-mediated Ca2+ microdomain that is the molecular basis for the Ca2+ sensitivity controlling G1/S transition.
Autophagy is activated to protect against endotoxic acute kidney injury
Authors: Mei Shuqin , Livingston Man , Hao Jielu , li Lin , Mei Changlin , Dong Zheng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEndotoxemia in sepsis, characterized by systemic inflammation, is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients, especially in intensive care unit; however the underlying pathogenesis is poorly understood. Autophagy is a conserved, cellular catabolic pathway that plays crucial roles in cellular homeostasis including the maintenance of cellular function and viability. The regulation and role of autophagy in septic or endotoxic AKI remains unclear. Here we show that autophagy was induced in kidney tubular cells in mice by the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy with chloroquine enhanced LPS-induced AKI. Moreover, specific ablation of autophagy gene 7 (Atg7) from kidney proximal tubules worsened LPS-induced AKI. Together, the results demonstrate convincing evidence of autophagy activation in endotoxic kidney injury and support a renoprotective role of autophagy in kidney tubules.
A sociobiological origin of pregnancy failure in domestic dogs
Authors: Bartoš Luděk , Bartošová Jitka , Chaloupková Helena , Dušek Adam , Hradecká Lenka , Svobodová Ivona 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAmong domestic dog breeders it is common practice to transfer a domestic dog bitch out of her home environment for mating, bringing her back after the mating. If the home environment contains a male, who is not the father of the foetuses, there is a potential risk of future infanticide. We collected 621 records on mating of 249 healthy bitches of 11 breed-types. The highest proportion of successful pregnancies following mating occurred in bitches mated within their home pack and remaining there. Bitches mated elsewhere and then returned to a home containing at least one male had substantially lower incidence of maintained pregnancy in comparison with bitches mated by a home male. After returning home, housing affected strongly the frequency of pregnancy success. Bitches mated elsewhere but released into a home pack containing a home male were four times more likely to maintain pregnancy than bitches which were housed individually after returning home. Suppression of pregnancy in situations where a bitch is unable to confuse a home male about parentage may be seen as an adaptation to avoid any seemingly unavoidable future loss of her progeny to infanticide after birth and thus to save energy.
Surf and turf: predation by egg-eating snakes has led to the evolution of parental care in a terrestrial lizard
Authors: Pike David A. , Clark Rulon W. , Manica Andrea , Tseng Hui-Yun , Hsu Jung-Ya , Huang Wen-San 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAnimals display a great diversity of parental care tactics that ultimately enhance offspring survival, but how such behaviors evolve remains unknown for most systems. Here, we studied the evolution of maternal care, in the form of nest guarding, in a single population of long-tailed sun skink (Eutropis longicaudata) living on Orchid Island (Taiwan). This species typically does not provide protection to its offspring. Using a common garden experiment, we show that maternal care is genetically determined in this population. Through field manipulations, we demonstrate that care provides a significant increase in egg survival on Orchid Island by reducing predation from egg-eating snakes (Oligodon formosanus); this predator is not abundant in other populations of the lizard, which do not display parental care. Finally, using extensive field surveys, we show that the seasonal availability of green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) nests is the cause for the high abundance of snake predators on Orchid Island, with the snakes consuming lizard eggs when green turtle eggs are not available. Together, these lines of evidence provide the first full demonstration of how predation can trigger the evolution of parental care in a species derived from a non-caring ancestor.
Vibrational Properties of Nanocrystals from the Debye Scattering Equation
Authors: Scardi P. , Gelisio L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOne hundred years after the original formulation by Petrus J.W. Debije (aka Peter Debye), the Debye Scattering Equation (DSE) is still the most accurate expression to model the diffraction pattern from nanoparticle systems. A major limitation in the original form of the DSE is that it refers to a static domain, so that including thermal disorder usually requires rescaling the equation by a Debye-Waller thermal factor. The last is taken from the traditional diffraction theory developed in Reciprocal Space (RS), which is opposed to the atomistic paradigm of the DSE, usually referred to as Direct Space (DS) approach. Besides being a hybrid of DS and RS expressions, rescaling the DSE by the Debye-Waller factor is an approximation which completely misses the contribution of Temperature Diffuse Scattering (TDS). The present work proposes a solution to include thermal effects coherently with the atomistic approach of the DSE. A deeper insight into the vibrational dynamics of nanostructured materials can be obtained with few changes with respect to the standard formulation of the DSE, providing information on the correlated displacement of vibrating atoms.
An extract of Urtica dioica L. mitigates obesity induced insulin resistance in mice skeletal muscle via protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)
Authors: Obanda Diana N. , Ribnicky David , Yu Yongmei , Stephens Jacqueline , Cefalu William T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe leaf extract of Urtica dioica L. (UT) has been reported to improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but definitive studies on efficacy and mechanism of action are lacking. We investigated the effects of UT on obesity- induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with UT. Body weight, body composition, plasma glucose and plasma insulin were monitored. Skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was analyzed for insulin sensitivity, ceramide accumulation and the post translational modification and activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). PP2A is activated by ceramides and dephosphorylates Akt. C2C12 myotubes exposed to excess free fatty acids with or without UT were also evaluated for insulin signaling and modulation of PP2A. The HFD induced insulin resistance, increased fasting plasma glucose, enhanced ceramide accumulation and PP2A activity in skeletal muscle. Supplementation with UT improved plasma glucose homeostasis and enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity without affecting body weight and body composition. In myotubes, UT attenuated the ability of FFAs to induce insulin resistance and PP2A hyperactivity without affecting ceramide accumulation and PP2A expression. UT decreased PP2A activity through posttranslational modification that was accompanied by a reduction in Akt dephosphorylation.
Modulation of metal-insulator transitions by field-controlled strain in NdNiO3/SrTiO3/PMN-PT (001) heterostructures
Authors: Heo Seungyang , Oh Chadol , Eom Man Jin , Kim Jun Sung , Ryu Jungho , Son Junwoo , Jang Hyun Myung 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe band width control through external stress has been demonstrated as a useful knob to modulate metal-insulator transition (MIT) in RNiO3 as a prototype correlated materials. In particular, lattice mismatch strain using different substrates have been widely utilized to investigate the effect of strain on transition temperature so far but the results were inconsistent in the previous literatures. Here, we demonstrate dynamic modulation of MIT based on electric field-controlled pure strain in high-quality NdNiO3 (NNO) thin films utilizing converse-piezoelectric effect of (001)-cut "Equation missing" - "Equation missing" (PMN-PT) single crystal substrates. Despite the difficulty in the NNO growth on rough PMN-PT substrates, the structural quality of NNO thin films has been significantly improved by inserting SrTiO3 (STO) buffer layers. Interestingly, the MIT temperature in NNO is downward shifted by ~3.3 K in response of 0.25% in-plane compressive strain, which indicates less effective TMI modulation of field-induced strain than substrate-induced strain. This study provides not only scientific insights on band-width control of correlated materials using pure strain but also potentials for energy-efficient electronic devices.
New insights into virulence mechanisms of rice pathogen Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae strain RS-1 following exposure to ß-lactam antibiotics
Authors: Li Bin , Ge Mengyu , Zhang Yang , Wang Li , Ibrahim Muhammad , Wang Yanli , Sun Guochang , Chen Gongyou 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecent research has shown that pathogen virulence can be altered by exposure to antibiotics, even when the growth rate is unaffected. Investigating this phenomenon provides new insights into understanding the virulence mechanisms of bacterial pathogens. This study investigates the phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of the rice pathogenic bacterium Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (Aaa) strain RS-1 to ß-lactam antibiotics especially Ampicillin (Amp). Our results indicate that exposure to Amp does not influence bacterial growth and biofilm formation, but alters the virulence, colonization capacity, composition of extracellular polymeric substances and secretion of Type VI secretion system (T6SS) effector Hcp. This attenuation in virulence is linked to unique or differential expression of known virulence-associated genes based on genome-wide transcriptomic analysis. The reliability of expression data generated by RNA-Seq was verified with quantitative real-time PCR of 21 selected T6SS genes, where significant down-regulation in expression of hcp gene, corresponding to the reduction in secretion of Hcp, was observed under exposure to Amp. Hcp is highlighted as a potential target for Amp, with similar changes observed in virulence-associated phenotypes between exposure to Amp and mutation of hcp gene. In addition, Hcp secretion is reduced in knockout mutants of 4 differentially expressed T6SS genes.
Simple broadband via‐free microstrip composite right and left hand transmission line
Authors: Shen Qiusheng 
Published: February 2016

A novel simple broadband via‐free microstrip composite right and left hand transmission line (CRLH‐TL) is proposed by etching a straight‐line slot in the conductor of the microstrip line and an eight‐edge‐shaped slot on the ground below the straight‐line slot. The CRLH‐TL has the advantages of simple structure, smaller size, and wide left hand frequency band. The results show that the left hand frequency band of the CRLH microstrip transmission line is 4.91−6.09 GHz, and the left hand frequency bandwidth is 1180 MHz.
Broadband measurement of high permittivity at millimetre‐wave frequencies
Authors: Hong Y.‐P. , Salter M.J. , Lee D.‐J. 
Published: February 2016

In this Letter, a method for the broadband measurement of complex permittivity using a quasi‐optical technique is presented. After calibration of the quasi‐optical system, the material under test is inserted into the system and S‐parameters are measured from 220 to 330 GHz using a vector network analyser. An extraction method is then applied to calculate the complex permittivity. The permittivity measurements are validated by comparing with a well‐established extraction method and the comparison shows good agreement.
Ultra‐flat low material loss porous core THz waveguide with near zero flat dispersion
Authors: Ali S. , Ahmed N. , Aljunid S. , Ahmad B. 
Published: February 2016

A near zero dispersion flattened porous core photonic crystal fibre having ultra‐flat low material loss suitable for terahertz (THz) transmission is represented. A novel type of geometrical structure of air hole position has been proposed in this design. Numerical analysis exhibits effective material loss (EML) of 0.03746 cm−1 at 1.0 THz operating frequency and a flat EML of 0.0398 cm−1 from 1.5 to 5.0 THz with absolute EML coefficient of ±0.000416 cm−1. The proposed waveguide shows near zero flat dispersion of 0.4 ± 0.042 ps/THz/cm in the frequency range from 1.25 to 5.0 THz.
Square slot antenna with two spiral slots loaded for broadband circular polarisation
Authors: Sadeghi P. , Nourinia J. , Ghobadi C. 
Published: February 2016

A simple design of a broadband circularly polarised (CP) square slot antenna with two loaded spiral slots is proposed. The CP operation is realised by embedding a pair of inverted‐L‐shaped strips around two opposite corners of the square slot and can be markedly improved by loading two spiral slots in the ground plane. By using these modifications, the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of about 5 GHz, which is chiefly ascribed to the existence of two spiral slots and impedance bandwidth of larger than 111% are achieved. However, the overall size of the antenna is only 20 × 20 × 0.8 mm3, it covers wider ARBW than many of the designed slot antennas.
3. Interaction or collaboration? Group dynamics in the foreign language classroom
Authors: Sato Masatoshi , Viveros Paula 
Published: February 2016

This chapter reports on a classroom-based quasi-experimental study examining the relationship between interactional moves and collaborative patterns in peer interaction and their effect on L2 development, using proficiency as an independent variable. Participants were from two parallel Grade 10 English classes in Chile, divided into low and high proficiency classes by the school (N = 53). A series of communicative group work activities were designed and implemented during the regular classes. L2 development was investigated by examining past tense usage and vocabulary size. Focus groups from the two classes (n = 10) were used for analyses of interactional features. Results indicated that learners in the low proficiency group (a) provided more corrective feedback and produced more modified output, (b) engaged in more collaborative interaction, and (c) exhibited a greater L2 development, than the high proficiency group. In order to interpret the results and conceptualize the links among interaction-­collaboration-learning, the findings are discussed in relation to a theory in social psychology referred to as social interdependence theory. It is concluded that while proficiency does have an impact on learners’ interactional behaviours, a collaborative mindset – a learner’s psychological approach towards the partner and/or task – may be a stronger mediating factor for L2 development.
An Experimental Test of Novel Ecological Communities of Imperiled and Invasive Species
Authors: Goodchild Shawn C. , Stockwell Craig A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractImperiled fish species are often managed by establishing refuge populations as a hedge against extinction, but suitable sites are often at a premium. Thus, managers may wish to consider novel strategies, such as establishing multispecies refuges that already include undesirable species. To determine the suitability of multispecies refuges, we established experimental communities that included allopatric and sympatric communities of three fish species: the endangered Pahrump Poolfish Empetrichthys latos, the Amargosa Pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis, and the invasive Western Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis. Mosquitofish juvenile production was not significantly affected by the presence of the other species (mean ± SE: 50 ± 18 in allopatry, 33 ± 6 with poolfish, and 38 ± 7 with both poolfish and pupfish). Similarly, pupfish persisted in sympatry with both poolfish and mosquitofish, but pupfish had higher juvenile production when maintained in allopatry (557 ± 248) and in the presence of poolfish (425 ± 36) than in the presence of both poolfish and mosquitofish (242 ± 32). By contrast, poolfish juvenile production was high in allopatry (123 ± 17) but significantly lower in the presence of pupfish (6.6 ± 1.2) and mosquitofish (1.0 ± 0.5) individually and in a community of all three species (0.5 ± 0.4). This suggests that translocated pupfish can coexist in refuges containing nonnative mosquitofish but that endangered poolfish are not compatible with the other species and the current management of poolfish in single‐species refuges is appropriate. Consequently, our results indicate that multispecies refuges are suitable for some endangered species, which will give managers more latitude in the management of these species.Received March 30, 2015; accepted October 27, 2015
Elevated pCO2 drives lower growth and yet increased calcification in the early life history of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)
Authors: Sigwart Julia D. , Lyons Gillian , Fink Artur , Gutowska Magdalena A. , Murray Darren , Melzner Frank , Houghton Jonathan D. R. , Hu Marian Yong-an 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOcean acidification is an escalating environmental issue and associated changes in the ocean carbonate system have implications for many calcifying organisms. The present study followed the growth of Sepia officinalis from early-stage embryos, through hatching, to 7-week-old juveniles. Responses of cuttlefish to elevated pCO2 (hypercapnia) were investigated to test the impacts of near-future and extreme ocean acidification conditions on growth, developmental time, oxygen consumption, and yolk utilization as proxies for individual fitness. We further examined gross morphological characteristics of the internal calcareous cuttlebone to determine whether embryonically secreted shell lamellae are impacted by environmental hypercapnia. Embryonic growth was reduced and hatching delayed under elevated pCO2, both at environmentally relevant levels (0.14 kPa pCO2 similar to predicted ocean conditions in 2100) and extreme conditions (0.40 kPa pCO2). Comparing various metrics from control and intermediate treatments generally showed no significant difference in experimental measurements. Yet, results from the high pCO2 treatment showed significant changes compared with controls and revealed a consistent general trend across the three treatment levels. The proportion of animal mass contributed by the cuttlebone increased in both elevated pCO2 treatments. Gross cuttlebone morphology was affected under such conditions and cuttlebones of hypercapnic individuals were proportionally shorter. Embryonic shell morphology was maintained consistently in all treatments, despite compounding hypercapnia in the perivitelline fluid; however, post-hatching, hypercapnic animals developed denser cuttlebone laminae in shorter cuttlebones. Juvenile cuttlefish in acidified environments thus experience lower growth and yet increased calcification of their internal shell. The results of this study support recent findings that early cuttlefish life stages are more vulnerable towards hypercapnia than juveniles and adults, which may have negative repercussions on the biological fitness of cuttlefish hatchlings in future oceans.
Cerebrovascular Emergencies
Authors: Schaefer Pamela W. , Roccatagliata Luca 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Acute neurological impairment with a vascular etiology, or “stroke,” is frequently encountered in the emergency department. Acute ischemic stroke accounts for 87% of all strokes, while the remaining 13% of acute strokes are hemorrhagic. Hemorrhagic strokes include intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This chapter describes imaging findings, clinical features, anatomy and physiology, and current treatment options for acute ischemic stroke, IPH, and SAH. Practical, evidence-based, algorithms are given that allow imaging of brain parenchyma, subarachnoid spaces, and cerebral vasculature. Entities that mimic hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke and their key differentiating features are presented.
Pulmonary Infections
Authors: Marone Louis , Hayim Morris , Lo Hao S. , Abujudeh Hani H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Pulmonary infections are among the most common disorders seen in the emergency room setting. Infections can be generally classified as those involving the airways, tracheobronchitis for the central and bronchiolitis for the smaller airways, and pneumonia for the lung parenchyma. In the United States, pneumonia is the ninth leading cause of death and the number one cause of death from infection. Worldwide, lower respiratory tract infections cause 3.9 million deaths per year, 1.8 million of which occur in children under five years of age.
Solid Organ Injury
Authors: Bryan Roy G. , Abujudeh Hani H. , Ganguli Suvranu 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This chapter on solid organ injury covers the commonly encountered radiological emergencies of splenic, liver, and renal trauma. Solid organ injury includes a broad group of life-threatening entities involving the intra-abdominal organs that occur in the setting of blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma. We discuss the role of the consulting radiologist in abdominal trauma, including the keys to making the diagnosis of solid organ injury with multimodality imaging, as well as the differential diagnoses, grading of injury, and potential treatment options. Case examples provided in the chapter include a Segment VII liver laceration with hemoperitoneum, splenic laceration with pseudoaneurysm, and renal trauma with arteriovenous fistula formation.
Emergent Evaluation of Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Mirzan S. Hamad , Mansouri Mohammad , Abujudeh Hani H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Acute hepatic failure is a serious, life-threatening condition, usually afflicting patients without a prior history of hepatic dysfunction. The most common causes of hepatic failure are viral- and drug-induced. Other less common causes include vascular causes such as hepatic vein thrombosis. Hepatic failure from hepatic dysfunction has a high rate of mortality. Patients often have abnormal liver biochemical markers with elevated bilirubin and aminotransferase levels. Coagulopathy and unexplained bleeding can occur as the prothrombin time (PT) is prolonged. As the hepatic dysfunction progresses, other clinical manifestations, including encephalopathy, may develop.