bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributing Medical Care Services: Coronary Care Units in the United States and Sweden
Authors: Bloom Bernard S. , Jonsson Egon 
Published: July 2017

Planning in the United States is based on an institution's perceived need, whereas in many other countries it is based on population need. These unique approaches to planning have led to widely differing distributions of facilities and services. Planning by the U.S. method leads to a more generous provision of services than does population-based planning. In both planning systems, the planning process appears of paramount importance, while the fundamental questions of effectiveness outcome and impact of medical care services are usually ignored. Even population-based planning either cannot or will not deal with the conflict between professional desire for highly developed technology on the one hand and treatment effectiveness on the other. Nevertheless, population-based planning has at least the virtue of providing a less expensive yet more efficient system. Physicians and the public appear able to adjust to the quite different resource provisions of the two planning systems; both the abundant U.S. supply and the restricted supply in Sweden are perceived as adequate.
Wearing of Spectacles and Occurrence of Ocular Symptoms in Close Work in Different Occupations
Authors: Pärssinen O. , Kirjonen J. , Saari K. M. 
Published: July 2017

To study the wearing of spectacles in different occupations we sent a questionnaire to all 26- and 46-year-old people (altogether 3 337 subjects) in the Jyväskylä district. 69% in the older age group and 42% in the younger age group had spectacles. Women wore spectacles more often than men. There was a correlation between the use of spectacles and accurate occupational close work. The proportion of those wearing spectacles was highest in subjects working, at least partly, with Visual Display Units (VDU). Farmers, industrial workers and service personnel wore spectacles less often than those in other occupations. In the older age group 70% and in the younger age group 11% of the subjects considered that they do not have good near vision without spectacles. Of those who used spectacles, 90% in the older and 52% in the younger age group reported that their near vision is better with spectacles than without them. In both age groups there was a positive correlation between the use of spectacles and the duration of daily close work. Subjective ocular symptoms occurred equally in different close work categories in the younger age group. In the older age group, those doing VDU work and reading and writing work had less symptoms of eye problems than those in other job categories.
Recycling solid waste materials to develop instructional resources for art education
Authors: Yeboah Rita , Asante Eric Appau , Opoku-Asare Nana Afia 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to explore waste materials and turn them into appropriate instructional resources for teaching art lessons in Ghana. This was necessary because primary, junior and senior high school art teachers in Ghana mostly teach their lessons without using instructional resources because of non-provision of instructional resources by the government. The study adopted the exploratory and descriptive research methods to carry out the study. Paper, fabric and plastic waste materials were selected and worked with. The research found that waste materials can be recycled to create appropriate and useful instructional resources that are very practical for teaching and learning of art lessons. This research projects to art teachers that they can freely turn collected waste materials into very useful instructional resources which they can use to teach effective lessons to help their students understand what they taught well and easily.
Social engagements through art activities for two children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Lee Gabrielle T. , Chou Wan-Chi , Feng Hua 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This is a case study report focusing on qualitative improvements in social and emotional communications of two children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who participated in a behavioural art programme. This study took place in a classroom located in an autism research centre affiliated with a university in the central area of Taiwan. Two 6-year-old boys with autism were referred to this programme because of their poor social skills and frequent emotional outbursts both at home and in school. The art programme, consisting of opportunities to increase social communication skills with a behaviour-analytic instructional methodology, was implemented once a week for a total of seventeen sessions. Qualitative improvements in social and emotional communications were analysed from the participant’s artwork, their statements about their work, and parents’ and teachers’ reports regarding the children’s social interactions. Results indicated that this behaviourally oriented art programme helped to facilitate both the children’s expression of their own emotions as well as social interactions with each other during the art sessions. Improvement in social communication skills also became apparent at home and school.
Educational space: Photo-based educational research
Authors: Mena-De Torres Jaime , Roldán Joaquín 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Artistic photographers have been engaging with educational contexts since the early twentieth century. According to Spirn and Sullivan (2005), visual creation offers a tool for reasoning which, if based on aesthetical concepts, allows us to discover new information and patterns for research into educational contexts.
In this visual essay, organized by pairs of images, we propose a photographic research project based on key visual elements obtained from studying several artistic photographers. Each pair is structured by comparisons, through which the enquiry and its argumentation is established. The visual essay examines how artistic photography can provide visual clues to explore an educational space.
Internship terrains: Psychogeographically mapping place
Authors: Bertling Joy G. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Art teacher candidates, recently beginning their internships/student teaching experiences, engaged in a form of arts-based educational research (ABER) to examine their larger teaching contexts – the communities surrounding their placement schools – through a performance-based, map-based approach. Much like the Situationists’ psychogeographies of the 1950s and 1960s, where artist geographers wandered the urban landscapes in attempts to construct interpretive readings of well-known European cities, interns began by playfully ‘drifting’ through the geographic environments of their school zones. Through the act of drifting, interns conducted enquiries into their own sense of place. ‘Maps’ of place embodied these explorations and discoveries. Such explorations of place are vital as educators seek to construct rich understandings of their students’ lived worlds and to provide appropriate, relevant learning experiences. This visual essay explores the value and possibilities of one ABER approach for teacher education.
Book Reviews
Authors: Horlik Veronika , Souleles Nicos , Turner Renée 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Sloppy Craft, Postdisciplinarity and the Crafts, Elaine Cheasly Paterson and Susan Surette (eds) (2015) London: Bloomsbury Academic, 200 pp., ISBN: 9781472534880, h/bk, £22.00
The Routledge International Handbook of the Arts and Education, Mike Fleming, Liora Bresler and John O’toole (eds) (2015) Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 424 pp., ISBN: 9780415839211, h/bk, £131.00
Against Value in the Arts and Education, SAM Ladkin, Robert Mckay and Emile BOJESEN (eds) (2016) London: Rowman & Littlefield International, 446 pp., ISBN: 178348490X, p/bk, £ 26.95
Os adultos e suas escritas pré-alfabéticas
Authors: Takada Paula Monteiro 
Published: July 2017

Este artigo é uma síntese de um estudo1 no qual analisamos as soluções utilizadas por adultos não alfabéticos na tarefa de escrever e interpretar uma lista de palavras escritas com lápis sobre papel e, em seguida, no computador. Encontramos a produção de escritas silábico-alfabéticas compostas por escritas silábicas justapostas, uso de letras com a função de recheio gráfico, uso de letras como coringa, hipótese do nome da sílaba e alternâncias grafo-fônicas, desordens com pertinências, tal como verificado por Molinari (2007), Quinteros (1997) e Ferreiro (2009).
Os Desafios no Ensino da História
Authors: Morais Maria José Lopes de Sousa 
Published: July 2017

Garantir uma educação de qualidade para todos é um dever do estado. Municipio e União e se adequam conforme as necessidades e a demanda da legislação vigente independente de classe social, cultura, economia, política,localidade e estória.Para que haja uma educação de qualidade é fundamental que na transmissão de conhecimentos haja uma compreensão e uma adequação, que promovam uma reflexão, uma curiosidade,um senso crítico e um interesse de participar por parte do aluno desde o ensino infantil.O professor tem papel essencial nesse processo,já que tem a obrigação de transmitir os conteúdos com clareza e utilizando o cotidiano para uma melhor concretização da aprendizagem,provocando uma reflexão e participação mais efetiva do aluno na escola e na sua localidade.Quando o aluno ingressa no ensino fundamental está com a sua mente em formação, o que permite uma ampliação de suas características pessoais que poderão na sua vida adulta ainda serem observadas,já que a formação da cidadania que deveria ser iniciada pela família, também é transmitida pela escola.Na formação do aluno, a disciplina de história é fundamental pois conhecendo o passado,se entende o presente na busca de um futuro melhor.Isso porque a historia permite a compreensão de ações e gerações em tempos diferentes.A disciplina de história permite a transmissão de fatos que permite o aluno fazer comparações com os dias atuais e seu cotidiano despertando assim curiosidades e interesse de ser parte dela, mesmo que no momento seja só na sua localidade e quem sabe futuramente como parte ampla da história.
Repensar el vínculo entre la educación y el mundo del trabajo desde la perspectiva de género: Reflexiones a partir de un estudio longitudinal en el Gran Buenos Aires
Authors: Miranda Ana , Arancibia Milena 
Published: July 2017

Existe una fuerte tradición de estudios sobre educación y trabajo en América Latina, de gran riqueza conceptual y trabajo empírico. En su interior, hay fuertes consensos que señalan que el pasaje entre la educación y el mundo del trabajo se presenta de forma cada vez más diferenciada, individualizada y extendida, configurando procesos de transición ampliamente desiguales. La producción es amplia y se encuentra presente en numerosos países de la región, pero ha avanzado escasamente en tensionar la lectura del vínculo entre la educación y el trabajo desde la perspectiva de género, y ha dejado de lado la investigación sobre el vínculo entre educación y trabajo reproductivo. El presente artículo aborda el análisis de los hallazgos obtenidos a partir de un estudio de seguimiento de egresados en el marco del Programa de Estudios Longitudinales Gramáticas de la Juventud con sede en FLACSO Argentina. Expone resultados de entrevistas retrospectivas realizadas con jóvenes mujeres que reconstruyen el recorrido completo de la transición entre la educación secundaria y el mundo del trabajo o el sector de los cuidados. Las conclusiones proponen incorporar la perspectiva de género en los estudios de transición a la adultez incorporando al sector de los cuidados, con el objetivo de aportar elementos analíticos en la construcción de sistemas de protección y de la justicia social.
On the non-existence of cyclic splitting fields for division algebras
Authors: Motiee Mehran 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Let D be a division algebra over its center F of degree n.
Consider the group

μ
Z

⁢

(
D
)

=

μ
n

⁢

(
F
)

/
Z

⁢

(

D
′

)

{\mu_{Z}(D)=\mu_{n}(F)/Z(D^{\prime})}

, where

μ
n

⁢

(
F
)

{\mu_{n}(F)}

is the group of all the n-th roots of unity in

F
*

{F^{*}}

, and

Z
⁢

(

D
′

)

{Z(D^{\prime})}

is the center of the commutator subgroup of the group of units

D
*

{D^{*}}

of D.
It is shown that if

μ
Z

⁢

(

D

⊗
F

L

)

≠
1

{\mu_{Z}(D\otimes_{F}L)\neq 1}

for some L containing all the primitive

n
k

{n^{k}}

-th roots of unity for all positive integers k,
then D is not split by any cyclic extension of F.
This criterion is employed to prove that some special classes of division algebras are not cyclically split.
Free flaps in scar treatment
Authors: Vogt Peter M. , Alawi Seyed Arash , Ipaktchi Ramin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroduction:Scar management needs defined concepts and an algorithm to restore functional and aesthetic units. After an unsuccessful conservative treatment, surgical measures provide a vast spectrum of possibilities for remediation. The spectrum of possibilities consists of excision and Z-plasty, regional flaps, vascularized pedicled flaps, tissue expansion, and finally free tissue transfer. Severe scarring and highly destructed tissues with inferior functional and aesthetic units can be effectively treated with radical excision and free flap reconstruction. The complexity of flap architecture and tissue qualities allows for an individualized approach. Specific attention should be paid to the long-term consequences of severe scarring with progressive loss of functionality.Materials and methods:We worked out the most common surgical approaches and treatment algorithm for a stepwise and effective approach. Part of this algorithm is a seven-step surgical approach.Results:This article provides modern plastic and reconstructive surgery concepts with an algorithm for scar management.Discussion:The treatment of scars follows an algorithm with the level of complexity of techniques adjusted to the individual case and the conditions. Disabilities induced by scarring can lead to further functional loss. In these cases, surgical strategies have to be considered.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[tetraaqua-(μ2-succinonitrile-κ
2
N:N′)cobalt(II)] dinitrate, C4H12CoN4O10
Authors: Brito Iván , González Brayan , Cárdenas Alejandro 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
C4H12CoN4O10, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.9379(7) Å, b = 6.0324(6) Å, c = 13.6542(13) Å, β = 104.184(4)°, V = 633.89(10) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
= 0.033, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.090, T = 296(2) K.
Wild Vanilla planifolia and its relatives in the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula: Systematic analyses with ISSR and ITS
Authors: Villanueva-Viramontes Sara , Hernández-Apolinar Mariana , Fernández-Concha Germán Carnevali , Dorantes-Euán Alfredo , Dzib Gabriel R. , Martínez Castillo Jaime 
Published: July 2017

Background: Vanilla planifolia , a threatened species, is distributed naturally in semi-deciduous and evergreen rain forests of southeastern Mexico and parts of Central America. In the wild, it is difficult to diagnose from another sympatric Vanilla species, and individuals with reproductive structures are usually required.
Questions: Can ISSR discriminate wild individuals of Vanilla planifolia from other sympatric species of the genus? Can phylogenetic analyses of ITS recover the monophyly of V. planifolia and help identify Vanilla species?
Studied species: The vanilla ( V. planifolia ), the second-most important economically spice in the world.
Study site and years of study: Plant material was collected during 2014 in the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula.
Methods: We analyzed 88 wild individuals of several Vanilla species. Individuals of five species of Vanilla reported for the region were used as reference. 84 ISSR loci were analyzed using three clustering methods. A phylogenetic inference using ITS was performed.
Results: ISSR markers clearly discriminate wild Vanilla planifolia , finding definite genetic structure within the species. The three clustering methods identified genetic relationships with congruent patterns. Five groups were found and they corresponded with the species studied. Phylogenetic inference of ITS sequences supported the monophyly of the Vanilla and the resulting cladograms were coherent with the clustering pattern observed in the ISSR studies.
Conclusions: Both ISSR and ITS analyses are able to identify V. planifolia . Molecular data suggest the presence of V. pompona and a new species of Vanilla in the Yucatan Peninsula.
A review of Bulbinella (Asphodelaceae): distribution, conservation status, and economic importance
Authors: Musara Collen , Spies Paula , Spies Johanne J. , Stedje Brita 
Published: July 2017

Background: This review offers a comprehensive overview of the importance of Bulbinella , a genus of the family Asphodelaceae. A total of 23 species of Bulbinella are known, of which 17 are found in South Africa, and six in New Zealand. The genus is native to the Northern, Western, and Eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa, and to the main North and South Islands of New Zealand including the subantarctic islands, Auckland and Campbell.
Studied species: Bulbinella species
Study site and years of study: South Africa and New Zealand, 2014- 2017
Conclusion: Bulbinella has an interesting and unusual highly disjunct distribution between South Africa and New Zealand. All Bulbinella species are similar in their floral structures. However, there are differences in size, underground bulbs, swollen roots, and leaves that make species delimitation possible in this group. Through their secondary metabolites, the genus Bulbinella is extensively useful as herbal remedies for innumerable ailments and also vital as livestock feed. Data on conservation status show that all these species; except Bulbinella hookeri and Bulbinella anguistifolia are vulnerable with Bulbinella calcicola critically endangered. There is, therefore, an urgent need for studying the genetic resources of these Bulbinella species.
Reproductive ecology of the threatened "star cactus" <em>Astrophytum ornatum</em> (Cactaceae): a strategy of continuous reproduction with low success
Authors: Matias Palafox Maria Loraine , Jiménez-Sierra Cecilia Leonor , Golubov Jordan , Mandujano María C. 
Published: July 2017

Background. There are no previous studies on the reproductive biology of the endemic and endangered cactus species Astrophytum ornatum.
Questions. Is flowering continuous or episodic? What are the breeding and mating systems and what floral visitors are associated? and Does the reproductive success change over time?
Study species. Astrophytum ornatum (Cactaceae).
Study site and years of study. Observations from 2010 to 2011, in the highest density population of A. ornatum in Metztitlán Canyon (Hgo.).
Methods. Monthly surveys and monitoring of reproductive structures. Tracking flowers in anthesis. Controlled pollinations to determine the mating system and determination of the Outcrossing Index (OCI), the pollen /ovule ratio and breeding system.
Results. Astrophytum ornatum produced flower buds throughout the year, but 89.2% of them were aborted. Four events of ephemeral flowering population were presented per year. The species is self-incompatible and controlled pollinations indicated pollinator limitation of several bee species. The OCI indicates that the species is facultative xenogamy, and pollen/ovule ratio indicates obligate xenogamy. On average there were 54 seeds/fruit and individuals produced 4 fruits/year.
Conclusions. The continuous production of buds had never been reported phenomenon for cacti. Intrapopulation bloom is one of the shortest recorded for the family and it produces high floral synchrony. The low number of seeds / fruit and flowers / individual, coupled with the narrow niche breadth of species and various anthropogenic factors place Astrophytum ornatumas a susceptible species to be extinct.
Comparisons of the Root Mechanical Properties of three Native Mexican Tree Species for Soil Bioengineering Practices
Authors: Sanchez-Castillo Laura , Kubota Tetsuya , Cantu-Silva Israel , Yanez-Diaz Maria , Hasnawir  , Pequeno-Ledezma Miguel 
Published: July 2017

Background: Urbanized slope areas in Sierra Madre Oriental are prone to sediment related disasters mainly caused by heavy rainfall episodes during hurricane season, knowledge on the factors on soil-roots dynamics are required to mitigate or lessen those disasters.
Questions and hypothesis: The mechanical properties of roots of native species vary according species. The mechanical properties of the roots are influenced by the morphology of root: diameter.
Species studied: Quercus rysophylla, Pinus pseudostrobus and Acacia berlandieri.
Study site and dates: Sierra Madre Oriental, Chipinque National Park in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. From middle of December 2014.
Methods: Selection of species was made base on widespread distribution and predominance in degraded areas. Samples were taken at field and tensile tests to calculate maximum force to root breakage were conducted using a laboratory dispositive, calculations of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were calculated using formulas. The corresponding relations between root diameter and mechanical properties were established.
Results: Results confirmed that bigger diameters require bigger forces to break. In other hand, results confirmed the negative relationship between diameter and tensile strength and diameter and modulus of elasticity. Pointing out that roots of bigger diameter have less tensile strength and elasticity. The order of importance of the species studied according its mechanical properties was found like: Acacia berlandieri > Quercus rysophylla > Pinus pseudostrobus.
Conclusions: The results of this study begin the data contribution of the mechanical properties of native species of Sierra Madre Oriental in order to use it in the application of soil bioengineering practices on urbanized slopes prone to disasters.
The role of leaf traits and bird-mediated insect predation on patterns of herbivory in a semiarid environment in central Mexico
Authors: Ruiz-Guerra Betsabe , Nieves-Silva Erika , Guevara Roger 
Published: July 2017

Background. In arid environments plants face aridity and herbivory, therefore it has been proposed that both are convergent selective forces. However the drivers of insect herbivory in these ecosystems remain poorly understood.
Question. Does insect herbivory vary in two plant associations subject to different levels of aridity? To what extent differences in herbivory are determined either by foliar traits, or predation by birds?
Study species. Citharexylum tetramerum, Viguiera pinnatilobata, and Solanum tridynamum.
Study site. We compared two-plant associations: the mezquital with a closed canopy and wettest conditions and the tetechera a dry place with an open canopy at the Zapotitlán Valley, México.
Methods. We evaluated leaf traits (N, C, water content, leaf strength and trichomes), herbivore insects abundance and the effects on herbivory when some predators are excluded.
Results. Herbivory was higher in the drier site (tetechera) than in the more humid one (mezquital) in one year but not in the second one. In both plant associations herbivory increased when predators of herbivores were excluded. Plants in mezquital had more water and nitrogen content than plants in tetechera. The later had higher carbon concentration and carbon:nitrogen ratio, leaf strength and density of trichomes. Abundance of herbivore insects and insect predation were higher in the most arid site.
Conclusions. Our results show that insect herbivory increases in the most arid site and that predation by birds plays a role as a driver of herbivory, while resistance to aridity seems to be the main driver of leaf structural characteristics.