bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disseminated cryptococcosis presenting as mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Murakami Yasushi , Oki Masahide , Saka Hideo , Kajikawa Shigehisa , Murakami Ayuka , Ishida Akane 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe herein report a rare case of disseminated cryptococcosis presenting as mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy in a young immunocompetent man. A previously healthy 26‐year‐old man presented with persistent headache and nonproductive cough. Chest computed tomography indicated mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. Cryptococcal lymphadenitis and meningitis was confirmed by endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration and central spinal fluid examination, respectively. He received liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine followed by fluconazole and finally improved.
Highly Efficient Platinum Free Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Silver Nanocomposites as Counter Electrode for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Nath Bikash Chandra , Das Dhaneswar , Basumatary Jabbor , Ahmed Gazi Ameen , Dolui Swapan Kumar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this report we have synthesized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/silver (Ag) nanocomposites using reduction method. Integrating properties of MWCNT and Ag as nanocomposites have shown potential application as counter electrode (CE) in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Different analyses were performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman, analysis to examine the successful incorporation of Ag nanoparticles with MWCNT. A systematic morphological study was carried out using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) reveals the enhancement in catalytic activity towards redox couple (I3−/I−) in DSSCs. Thus, current density vs voltage (J‐V) curve assists in evaluating the influence of Ag nanoparticles on MWCNT during photovoltaic conversion. The optimum photo‐conversion efficiency (η) of 5.44 % was achieved using MWCNT/(0.75 %)Ag nanocomposites as CE which is analogous to conventional Pt CE. Finally, electrochemical impedance parameters endorse well in the improvement of photo conversion efficiency through reduction in charge transfer resistance (Rct).
Detection of the growth‐restricted fetus: which centile charts?
Authors: Baird Samantha M. , Davies‐Tuck Miranda , Coombs Peter , Knight Michelle , Wallace Euan M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionPoor identification of fetal growth restriction (FGR) continues to impede reductions in the rate of stillbirth. Better detection of FGR will likely be afforded by the use of late pregnancy ultrasound. However, which estimated fetal weight (EFW) centile charts should be used is not clear.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of women undergoing third trimester ultrasound for clinically suspected FGR. Four models of EFW centile calculation were compared: Australian birthweight (BW) centiles, ultrasound‐derived EFW centiles and customised EFW centiles with and without maternal ethnicity. The models were assessed by a comparison with actual BW centile and their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in determining FGR (BW <10th centile).ResultsOf the 107 women who met inclusion criteria, 78 (73%) had a BW <10th centile [median (IQR) BW centile: 4th (2nd–11th)]. Non‐customised ultrasound‐derived EFW centiles were the most accurate and customised centiles the least. The mean error, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for each were as follows: 0.4, 0.77, 0.45, 0.79 and 0.42 and −4, 0.88, 0.28, 0.77 and 0.44, respectively.DiscussionNon‐customised ultrasound‐derived EFW centiles appear the most useful in the determination of fetal weight centiles.
Molecular Assembly of Polysaccharide‐Based Microcapsules and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Feng Xiyun , Du Cuiling , Li Junbai 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAdvanced multifunctional microcapsules have revealed great potential in biomedical applications owing to their tunable size, shape, surface properties, and stimuli responsiveness. Polysaccharides are one of the most acceptable biomaterials for biomedical applications because of their outstanding virtues such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity. Many efforts have been devoted to investigating novel molecular design and efficient building blocks for polysaccharide‐based microcapsules. In this Personal Account, we first summarize the common features of polysaccharides and the main principles of the design and fabrication of polysaccharide‐based microcapsules, and further discuss their applications in biomedical areas and perspectives for future research.
Theoretical Study on Highly Active Bifunctional Metalloporphyrin Catalysts for the Coupling Reaction of Epoxides with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Hasegawa Jun‐ya , Miyazaki Ray , Maeda Chihiro , Ema Tadashi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHighly active bifunctional metalloporphyrin catalysts were developed for the coupling reaction of epoxides with CO2 to produce cyclic carbonates. The bifunctional catalysts have both quaternary ammonium halide groups and a metal center. To elucidate the roles of these catalytic groups, DFT calculations were performed. Control reactions using tetrabutylammonium halide as a catalyst were also investigated for comparison. In the present article, the results of our computational studies are overviewed. The computational results are consistent with the experimental data and are useful for elucidating the structure–activity relationship. The key features responsible for the high catalytic activity of the bifunctional catalysts are as follows: 1) the cooperative action of the halide anion (nucleophile) and the metal center (Lewis acid); 2) the near‐attack conformation, leading to the efficient opening of the epoxide ring in the rate‐determining step; and 3) the conformational change of the quaternary ammonium cation to stabilize various anionic species generated during catalysis, in addition to the robustness (thermostability) of the catalysts.
Practical energy‐aware cell association for small cell deployment
Authors: Falconetti Laetitia , Karaki Reem , Corroy Steven 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this work, we consider a heterogeneous network consisting of macro and pico base stations. Our goal is to associate users to one of the base stations,while minimizing the energy consumption of the network. Moreover, the algorithm should consider constraints of a real system and thus, only include the necessary complexity that helps reducing the energy consumption. Therefore, we first formulate the energy minimization problem in three different manners, each one including a different level of modeling details. The solution of each problem is analyzed to identify the important factors to consider when designing an energy‐optimized cell association algorithm. Based on this analysis, we then develop a practical energy‐aware cell association heuristic. Finally, the developed algorithm is evaluated using complex system simulations. Results show that significant energy savings are achievable by the developed algorithm compared with the conventional cell association in cellular networks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small molecules targeting viral RNA
Authors: Hermann Thomas 
Published: June 2016

Highly conserved noncoding RNA (ncRNA) elements in viral genomes and transcripts offer new opportunities to expand the repertoire of drug targets for the development of antiinfective therapy. Ligands binding to ncRNA architectures are able to affect interactions, structural stability or conformational changes and thereby block processes essential for viral replication. Proof of concept for targeting functional RNA by small molecule inhibitors has been demonstrated for multiple viruses with RNA genomes. Strategies to identify antiviral compounds as inhibitors of ncRNA are increasingly emphasizing consideration of drug‐like properties of candidate molecules emerging from screening and ligand design. Recent efforts of antiviral lead discovery for RNA targets have provided drug‐like small molecules that inhibit viral replication and include inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV), and influenza A virus. While target selectivity remains a challenge for the discovery of useful RNA‐binding compounds, a better understanding is emerging of properties that define RNA targets amenable for inhibition by small molecule ligands. Insight from successful approaches of targeting viral ncRNA in HIV, HCV, SARS CoV, and influenza A will provide a basis for the future exploration of RNA targets for therapeutic intervention in other viral pathogens which create urgent, unmet medical needs. Viruses for which targeting ncRNA components in the genome or transcripts may be promising include insect‐borne flaviviruses (Dengue, Zika, and West Nile) and filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg). WIREs RNA 2016, 7:726–743. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1373This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule–RNA Interactions
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Clinical Outcomes of Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis Patients with a History of Crisis
Authors: Liu Zhenguo , Lai Yingrong , Yao Shiyuan , Feng Huiyu , Zou Jianyong , Liu Weibin , Lei Yiyan , Zhu Hua , Cheng Chao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe use of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with a history of myasthenic crisis (MC) has not been well established. Here, we determined the efficacy of thymectomy by assessing the long‐term clinical outcomes and reviewed thymectomy reports on MC patients.MethodsSubjects included 31 patients who suffered at least one crisis before surgery, with a cumulative total 73 episodes of MC in Southern China between May 2000 and December 2010. Long‐term follow‐up was performed and clinical outcomes were evaluated. We used complete stable remission (CSR), termed an asymptomatic status without medication for at least 12 months; general complete remission (GCR), termed an asymptomatic status with or without some form of therapy excluding cholinesterase inhibitors, to assess patient outcomes.ResultsAll patients underwent thymectomy with an overall complication rate of 16.1 % and a perioperative mortality rate of 3.2 %. Long‐term follow‐up occurred between 12.6 and 177 months, at which point 18 (58.1 %) patients experienced improved status, including one patient who achieved CSR; 13 (41.9 %) patients achieved GCR; 6 (19.4 %) showed unchanged status and one worse (3.2 %) status. The remaining 6 patients died, with 3 due to MG‐related causes. Using a multivariate Cox regression analysis of GCR by characteristics, patients with better response to medical treatments before thymectomy were positively associated with GCR rates (p = 0.028).ConclusionsExtended transsternal thymectomy is a feasible and effective therapy for MG patients with crisis history, especially for those patients who have shown positive signs of remission after exhausting conventional medical treatments.
Minimally invasive single-session double-level rotational osteotomy of the forearm bones to correct fixed pronation deformity in congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis
Authors: Bishay Sherif N. G. 
Published: June 2016

Background Congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis is the most common congenital disease of the elbow joints and forearms. Methods This was a prospective study of 12 consecutive children (14 forearms) who presented to the National Institute of Neuromotor System in Egypt between September 2012 and September 2013 with severe congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis, having a mean pronation deformity of 70.7° (range 60°–85°), and who underwent operative correction by single-session double-level rotational osteotomy and percutaneous intramedullary K-wires of both the radius and ulna. Ten forearms were type III, and four were type II according to Cleary and Omer classification. The mean age at the time of surgery was 5 years and 2 months (range 4 years and 10 months to 6 years and 5 months). They were evaluated for functional results after rotational corrective osteotomy at a mean interval of 30.4 months (range 24–36 months) by physical examination and radiographs. Results All children had a mean pronation deformity correction of 59.8° (range 30°–90°) reaching a final position of 20°–30° of pronation in the affected dominant extremities and 20° of supination in the affected non-dominant extremities after osteotomy. All children showed improvement in functional activities, with no loss of correction or non-union in any child, and no circulatory disturbances, neuropathies, or hypertrophic scars. Conclusion Minimally invasive single-session double-level rotation osteotomy of the proximal ulna and distal radius with percutaneous intramedullary K-wire fixation is a safe, technically simple and efficient procedure which corrects pronation deformity.
Sexual Function and Health-Related Quality of Life in Long-Term Rectal Cancer Survivors
Authors: Sun Virginia , Grant Marcia , Wendel Christopher S. , McMullen Carmit K. , Bulkley Joanna E. , Herrinton Lisa J. , Hornbrook Mark C. , Krouse Robert S. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual dysfunction is a treatment sequela in survivors of rectal cancer (RC). Differences in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) can occur based on ostomy status (permanent ostomy vs anastomosis).

Aim
To describe alterations in sexual function and HRQOL based on ostomy status in long-term (≥5 years) survivors of RC.

Methods
Survivors of RC with an ostomy (n = 181) or anastomosis (n = 394) were surveyed using validated HRQOL and functional status tools. We compared sexuality outcomes between the ostomy and anastomosis groups and reported differences adjusted for clinical and demographic characteristics. Qualitative data from one open-ended question on survivors' greatest challenges since their surgery were analyzed to explore sexuality, symptoms, and relationships.

Main Outcome Measures
Whether sexually active, satisfaction with sexual activity, and select sexual dysfunction items from the Modified City of Hope Quality of Life-Colorectal.

Results
Survivors with a permanent ostomy were more likely to have been sexually inactive after surgery if it occurred before 2000 and experience dissatisfaction with appearance, interference with personal relationships and intimacy, and lower overall HRQOL. Female survivors of RC with an ostomy were more likely to have problems with vaginal strictures and vaginal pain after surgery that persisted at the time of the survey (≥5 years later). Radiation treatment, tumor stage, soilage of garments in bed, and higher Charlson-Deyo comorbidity scores were negatively associated with outcomes. Six qualitative themes emerged: loss of and decreased sexual activity, psychological issues with sexual activity, physical issues with sexual activity, partner rejection, ostomy interference with sexual activity, and positive experiences with sexuality.

Conclusion
Sexual dysfunction is a common long-term sequela of RC treatment, with more problems observed in survivors with a permanent ostomy. This warrants widespread implementation of targeted interventions to manage sexual dysfunction and improve HRQOL for these survivors.
Outdoor Activity and High Altitude Exposure During Pregnancy: A Survey of 459 Pregnancies
Authors: Keyes Linda E. , Hackett Peter H. , Luks Andrew M. 
Published: June 2016

Objective To evaluate whether women engage in outdoor activities and high altitude travel during pregnancy; the health care advice received regarding high altitude during pregnancy; and the association between high altitude exposure and self-reported pregnancy complications. Methods An online survey of women with at least 1 pregnancy distributed on websites and e-mail lists targeting mothers and/or mountain activities. Outcome measures were outdoor activities during pregnancy, high altitude (>2440 m) exposure during pregnancy, and pregnancy and perinatal complications. Results Hiking, running, and swimming were the most common activities performed during pregnancy. Women traveled to high altitude in over half of the pregnancies (244/459), and most did not receive counseling regarding altitude (355, 77%), although a small proportion (14, 3%) were told not to go above 2440 m. Rates of miscarriage and most other complications were similar between pregnancies with and without travel above 2440 m. Pregnancies with high altitude exposure were more likely to have preterm labor (odds ratio [OR] 2.3; 95% CI 0.97−5.4; P = .05). Babies born to women who went to high altitude during pregnancy were more likely to need oxygen at birth (OR 2.34; 95% CI 1.04−5.26; P < .05) but had similar rates of neonatal intensive care unit admission ( P = not significant). Conclusions Our results suggest pregnant women who are active in outdoor sports and travel to high altitude have a low rate of complications. Given the limitations of our data, further research is necessary on the risks associated with high altitude travel and physical activity and how these apply to the general population.
A New Evolutionary Debunking Argument Against Moral Realism
Authors: MORTON JUSTIN 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT:Evolutionary debunking arguments (EDAs) claim that evolution has influenced our moral faculties in such a way that, if moral realism is true, then we have no positive moral knowledge. I present several popular objections to the standard version of this argument before offering a new EDA that has clear advantages in responding to these objections. Whereas the Standard EDA argues that evolution has selected for many moral beliefs with certain contents, this New EDA claims that evolution has selected for one belief: belief in the claim that categorical reasons exist. If moral realism is true, then this claim is entailed by all positive moral claims, and belief in it is defeated due to evolutionary influence. This entails that if realism is true, then we have no positive moral knowledge. While there may be objections against this New EDA, it is much stronger than the Standard EDA, and one realists ought to worry about.
The Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Fiest Kirsten M. , Jetté Nathalie , Roberts Jodie I. , Maxwell Colleen J. , Smith Eric E. , Black Sandra E. , Blaikie Laura , Cohen Adrienne , Day Lundy , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Kirk Andrew , Pearson Dawn , Pringsheim Tamara , Venegas-Torres Andres , Hogan David B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionDementia is a common neurological condition affecting many older individuals that leads to a loss of independence, diminished quality of life, premature mortality, caregiver burden and high levels of healthcare utilization and cost. This is an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence and incidence of dementia.MethodsThe MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant studies published between 2000 (1985 for Canadian papers) and July of 2012. Papers selected for full-text review were included in the systematic review if they provided an original population-based estimate for the incidence and/or prevalence of dementia. The reference lists of included articles were also searched for additional studies. Two individuals independently performed abstract and full-text review, data extraction, and quality assessment of the papers. Random-effects models and/or meta-regression were used to generate pooled estimates by age, sex, setting (i.e., community, institution, both), diagnostic criteria utilized, location (i.e., continent) and year of data collection.ResultsOf 16,066 abstracts screened, 707 articles were selected for full-text review. A total of 160 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among individuals 60 and over residing in the community, the pooled point and annual period prevalence estimates of dementia were 48.62 (CI95%: 41.98-56.32) and 69.07 (CI95%: 52.36-91.11) per 1000 persons, respectively. The respective pooled incidence rate (same age and setting) was 17.18 (CI95%: 13.90-21.23) per 1000 person-years, while the annual incidence proportion was 52.85 (CI95%: 33.08-84.42) per 1,000 persons. Increasing participant age was associated with a higher dementia prevalence and incidence. Annual period prevalence was higher in North America than in South America, Europe and Asia (in order of decreasing period prevalence) and higher in institutional compared to community and combined settings. Sex, diagnostic criteria (except for incidence proportion) and year of data collection were not associated with statistically significant different estimates of prevalence or incidence, though estimates were consistently higher for females than males.ConclusionsDementia is a common neurological condition in older individuals. Significant gaps in knowledge about its epidemiology were identified, particularly with regard to the incidence of dementia in low- and middle-income countries. Accurate estimates of prevalence and incidence of dementia are needed to plan for the health and social services that will be required to deal with an aging population.
The Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia with Lewy Bodies: a Systematic Review
Authors: Hogan David B. , Fiest Kirsten M. , Roberts Jodie I. , Maxwell Colleen J. , Dykeman Jonathan , Pringsheim Tamara , Steeves Thomas , Smith Eric E. , Pearson Dawn , Jetté Nathalie 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundPopulation-based prevalence and incidence studies are essential for understanding the societal burden of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).MethodsThe MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched to identify publications addressing the incidence and/or prevalence of DLB. References of included articles and prior systematic reviews were searched for additional studies. Two reviewers screened all abstracts and full-text reviews, abstracted data and performed quality assessments.ResultsTwenty-two studies were included. Incidence rates ranged from 0.5 to 1.6 per 1000 person-years. DLB accounted for 3.2-7.1% of all dementia cases in the incidence studies. Point and period prevalence estimates ranged from 0.02 to 63.5 per 1000 persons. Increasing prevalence estimates were reported with increasing age. DLB accounted for from 0.3 to 24.4% of all cases of dementia in the prevalence studies.ConclusionsDLB becomes more common with increasing age and accounts for about 5% of all dementia cases in older populations.