bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of risk factors in children with birth asphyxia
Authors: Yadav Nishant , Damke Sachin 
Published: February 2017

Background: Birth asphyxia is a serious clinical problem worldwide and contributes greatly to neonatal mortality and morbidity. Perinatal asphyxia is the fifth largest cause of under-5 deaths (8.5%) after pneumonia, diarrhea, neonatal infections and complications of preterm birth. Risk factors of birth asphyxia have been divided into antepartum, intrapartum and fetal. Risk factors include increasing or decreasing ma-ternal age, prolonged rupture of membranes, meconium stained fluid, multiple births, non-attendance for antenatal care, low birth weight infants, malpresentation, augmentation of labour with oxytocin, antepartum haemorrhage, severe eclampsia and pre-eclampsia, ante partum and intrapartum anemia. The objective of this study was to study the risk factors in children with birth asphyxia.Methods: Observational prospective study was conducted on babies delivered in our hospital and requiring resuscitation (basic and/or advanced). Their clinical course was observed and studied in NICU till time of discharge or death. Detailed maternal history was taken for risk factors.Results: The mean age of mothers was 24.28 years which ranged from 20 years to 29 years. Most of the population was from the lower middle and upper lower socioeconomic status as per the Modified Kuppuswamy scale. 51% neonates were born to primiparous mothers. Anemia was widely prevalent in the moth-ers of neonates requiring resuscitation. The maternal risk factors for newborns requiring resuscita-tion were PIH (23.7%) , oligohydramnios (15%),multiple gestation (3.75 %), PROM (2.5%), diabetes mellitus (2.5%) and UTI (2.5%).One third of neonates requiring resuscitation were born to unbooked mothers.In the neonates requiring resuscitation, the male to female ratio was 1:1. The fetal factors associated with resuscitation of newborns were IUGR (33.75%), fetal distress (31.25%), prematurity (26.25%), MAS (12.5%) and malpresentations (5%).Conclusions: The most common maternal risk factors for newborns requiring resuscitation was PIH followed by oligohydramnios, multiple gestation, PROM, diabetes mellitus and UTI.IUGR was the most com-mon fetal risk factor followed by fetal distress, prematurity, MAS and malpresentations. One third of neonates requiring resuscitation were born to unbooked mothers. In There was no gender predomi-nance found in this study.
Clinical and biochemical profile of iron deficiency state in preanemic under 5 children in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: N. S. Chithambaram , S. Radha Reddy 
Published: February 2017

Background: Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. The aim was to identify iron deficiency state early before developing anemia and to analyze the clinical finding with iron deficiency state. Methods: Cross sectional study was done at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, India. 100 children between 6 month to 5 years of age with normal haemoglobin were studied for iron deficiency state. After taking informed consent a detailed history and clinical examination was taken. In those children with normal Hb, investigations like serum ferritin, serum iron and transferrin saturation were done to diagnose the iron deficiency state.Results: Out of 100 children in the study, mean hemoglobin was 11.8 gm/dl, the mean serum ferritin level was 59.1ng/ml and transferrin saturation was 18.77%. The overall prevalence of iron deficiency in this study based on low serum ferritin was 16% and low transferrin saturation was 51%. 7 children has low DQ out of which 3 were ADHD, 2 had hyperactivity and 2 with learning problem. Among them one child has low ferritin and 5 had low transferrin saturation.Conclusions: Iron deficiency is an important public health problem. The findings in this study are consistent compared to other studies. Therefore, prompt screening for iron deficiency, even in non-anemic under five children in developing countries should be encouraged. If evaluation of iron status is done only by Hb early signs of iron depletion can go undetected. By monitoring the status of storage iron(ferritin), we can detect iron deficiency state earlier and initiate appropriate treatment to prevent IDA.
A study of clinical profile of dengue fever in children
Authors: Selvan Tamil , M. V. Nagaraj , P. Saravanan , Somashekar . 
Published: February 2017

Background: Dengue is a major international health concern and is a major health problem in India which constantly threatens the health care system. The objective of the present study was to study the clinical profile of dengue fever in children.Methods: Prospective and descriptive study was conducted on all the laboratory confirmed cases of dengue fever in children admitted at SIMS and RC over a period of 1 year from December 2015 to November 2016. Results: Among 568 children studied, majority of them were males 63.3% and in the age group of 10-18 years 39.4%. The most common symptoms noticed were fever 90.1% followed by myalgia 88.3%,decreased appetite 88.2%, retroorbital pain in 84.5%, vomiting 84.1% and the least common symptoms noticed were convulsions 0.8% and altered sensorium 1%. The most common signs were skin rash 65.4% and ascites 31.6% and least common sign was spleenomegaly 8.4%. The most common complications seen were hepatic dysfunction 30.6% followed by shock 18.6% and pleural effusion 15.8%. The least complication noticed was encephalitis 0.7%. Death was nil in our study.Conclusions: This study concludes male children in the age group of 10 - 18 years were more affected. The common symptoms observed were fever, myalgia, decreased appetite and headache and commonest signs were skin rash and ascites. The common complications presented were hepatic dysfunction and shock with no mortality indicating the presence of less virulent organisms.
To study the clinical profile of dengue fever and to evolve a prognostic marker based on hematological parameters for severe dengue
Authors: Sivathanu Shobhana , Manickam Kumar , Sampath Sowmya , Nagaraj Poornima , Kumar Sathish Kumar Sunder , Pachaimuthu Ramakrishnan A. 
Published: February 2017

Background: Dengue fever is endemic to most parts of India and the clinical recognition of progression to severe dengue may become difficult in the absence of classical findings. Early recognition of shock or hemorrhage and appropriate management with fluids prevents morbidity/mortality to a great extent. In this study, we attempted to evolve a simple hematological prognostic marker for prediction of severe dengue.Methods: This retrospective descriptive study of 67 children was conducted in the Paediatric Department of a Government Medical College. The case records of all the patients with a diagnosis of dengue fever and Severe Dengue were analysed using a preset proforma. Besides the demographic and clinical findings a detailed analysis and comparison of hematological profile was done between cases of dengue fever and severe dengue. The data obtained was analysed statistically in order to arrive at a hematological marker to predict severe dengue. Results: Study population consisted of 67 children with 44 children with dengue fever,12 with DSS and 11 cases with DHF. Detailed analysis of hematological profile of severe dengue showed striking neutrophilia and monocytosis besides thrombocytopenia. Neutrophilia was seen in 78% and monocytosis was prevalent in 91% of cases of severe dengue. Monocytosis with thrombocytopenia was consistently seen during shock/hemorrhage. During recovery the fall of monocytes was accompanied by simultaneous increase in platelets in this group. This inverse relation was found to be statistically significant (p <0.05) Such a significant inverse correlation was not seen in dengue fever group (p >0.05).Conclusions: Monocytosis and neutophilia are consistent features of dengue fever. There is an inverse correlation of monocytosis with thrombocytopenia in severe dengue during shock/hemorrhage which recovers on clinical improvement. Thus monocytosis with thrombocytopenia can be used as a prognostic marker to predict severe dengue.
Lipid profile in children of β-thalassemia major and their correlation with serum ferritin
Authors: Suman Rameshwar L. , Sanadhya Anuradha , Meena Pradeep , Singh Jaskaran , Jain Rupali , Meena Suresh 
Published: February 2017

Background: β-thalassemia major is a secondary iron load state. The high serum ferritin accounts for abnormal lipid profile. This study was done to investigate the lipid profile in children with β-thalassemia major and to know their correlation with serum ferritin.Methods: Fifty-five (55) children of beta thalassemia major in the age group of 4-20 years from thalassemia unit of tertiary care hospital who were on regular blood transfusion and oral iron chelators were enrolled. Serum ferritin levels and lipid profile of these children were investigated and their correlation was assessed. Results: Out of total 55 children 31 (56.4%) children were of female sex and 48(87.3%) were Hindu by religion. The mean rate of blood transfusion was 157.02±21.33 ml/kg/year with average dose and duration of iron chelation with Desferroxamine was 34.4±26.86 mg/kg /day and 2.34±1.86 years respectively. Mean cholesterol level, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were on lower side of the range with values of 124.47±19.81 mg/dl, 36.58±12.22 mg/dl, 63.94±4.57 mg/dl respectively. The mean triglyceride level (TG) was on higher side with an average of 142.93±33.7 mg/dl. The average serum ferritin levels were 2130.33±859.85 ng/ml. There was negative correlation of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL with serum ferritin with coefficient of correlation (r= -0.77, -0.55, -0.72) respectively. The serum triglyceride had positive correlation with serum ferritin with coefficient of correlation(r=+0.85).Conclusions: As the serum ferritin increases, there occurs more derangement of lipid profile in form of decreasing serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL and increasing serum TG levels.
Association between serum selenium levels and febrile seizures in Indian children: a case control study
Authors: Khadria Sadia Syeda , M. D. Jaidev , K. Vidya 
Published: February 2017

Background: Febrile seizures are the most common form of childhood seizures. Children are at particular risk for selenium deficiency. There was various hypothesis about the co-relation between selenium levels and febrile seizures. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there were any changes in serum selenium levels in children with febrile seizures when compared to children with febrile illness without seizures.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective case control study, consisting of 40 children (20 cases and 20 controls) aged between 6 months to 60 months. The serum selenium level was measured in each of them by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data was analysed by using frequency percentage and pearson’s chi square test.Results: Out of the 40 children included in the study, serum selenium level was lower in febrile seizure group (80%) when compared to controls (20%) which was statistically significant (P value: 0.003). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between males and females.Conclusions: In the present study, we found significantly low serum selenium levels in children with febrile seizures as compared to the children with febrile illness with no seizures. Decreased levels of selenium in children with febrile seizures may be the result of oxidative damage, occurring in the neuronal cells. In our study, a significant co-relation between low levels of selenium and febrile seizures have been observed in children. However, since the numbers are small, further studies with larger sample size are recommended.
A study of dermatoses in patients attending pediatric OPD in a tertiary care hospital of Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
Authors: Gunjana Geet , Upadhyay Nisha 
Published: February 2017

Background: Skin diseases in paediatric population are common all over the world. There is a wide variation in the presentation of Dermatoses in various studies. The variation among dermatoses can possibly be due to region of study, prevalent environmental factors, type of population studied, and hygiene and nutritional status and environmental factors. The objective of this study was to study prevalence, pattern of presentation and aetiologies of various dermatoses in paediatrics.Methods: A prospective, observational, single center study involving 500 patients of Dermatoses was carried out in a pediatric outpatient department. Detailed history, clinical presentation and other relevant parameter were recorded in a case record form and analyzed.Results: Majority of patients with dermatoses (39.40%) belong to age group of 6 - 16 years with male preponderance. Etiological analysis showed infections and infestations were most common dermatoses. Bacterial infection (184, 36.80%) was most common followed by viral (87, 17.40%), parasitic (51, 10.20%) and fungal (25, 5.00%) infection. Dermatitis was present in 30.6% patients. Diaper dermatitis (19 patients) was the commonest dermatitis present in infants while eczema and urticaria were the commonest dermatitis in school going children. Pyoderma was the commonest dermatoses in this study, present in 111 patients (22.20%) followed by varicella (14.40%), impetigo (12.80%); scabies (10.20%), eczema (10.20%) and urticaria (7.60%).Conclusions: Dermatoses in children are a wide spread problem which are responsible for significant morbidity in children. The high incidence of infections and infestations are possibly due to poverty, overcrowding, undernutrition, poor hygiene and lack of health education. Skin of the young children is more prone to develop skin disease.
Pattern of eye diseases among participants of free eye screening program in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Abraham Emem G. , Megbelayin Emmanuel O. 
Published: February 2017

Background: Vision screening can help discover some problems hitherto unknown to the patient but it is also a fact that many other disease conditions may also be missed during screening depending on the qualification and skill of those carrying out the test and the available instruments for screening. Eye diseases differ from country to country and even within the same country from community to community and knoweledge of the disease pattern in a given environment is critical for planning of appropraite intervention programs.Methods: Free eye health intervention program was carried out and patients were inially screened by optometrists and ophthalmic nurses for cataract, presbyopia and other minor ophthalmic problems. Patients that had other problems including complicated cataract were referred for further consultation with the ophthalmologists in the field..Results: Of the 547 who were further screened by the ophthalmologists in the field 243 (44.4%) were males and 304 (55.6%) were females with male to female ratio of 1: 1.25. The age range was 1-87 years. The mean(SD) age was 51.27years, median 53years, and mode was 60 years. Cataract and its related problem was the commonest condition139(25.4%), followed by glaucoma 78(14.3%). Age related macular degeneration(AMD) was the commonest posterior segment finding 27(4.9%) while corneal opacity 11(2.0%) was the commonest anterior segment finding and 19(3.5%) were bilaterally blind.Conclusions: The eye health indices of the people as shown by the disease prevalence and the number of those bilaterally blind are still very poor.
Health services rendered through Accredited Social Health Activists to rural Uttar Pradesh, India: community’s perception
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Garg Rajesh , Siddiqui Haroon Ali , Roy Rupali 
Published: February 2017

Background: To reduce infant and maternal mortality in India, the Government of India (GOI), under its flagship program, National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), in 2005, introduced a new village based health functionary named Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) to act as a bridge between rural population and health care delivery system. To a large extent the actualization of the goals of NRHM depends on the functional efficacy of ASHA as a grass root health activist.Methods: The Study was conducted in a Chiraigaon Block of District Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh., India from October 2008 to September 2009. A total of 270 beneficiaries comprising of mothers, who have delivered during the study period or within last six months since initiation of the study were enrolled and interviewed. Apart from that, 20 Multi Purpose Health Workers- Female (MPHW-F), 30 elected village Heads and five Medical officers were interviewed independently to know their opinions about work performance of ASHA.Results: This study revealed that 80 % of beneficiaries availed Ante Natal Care (ANC) check up. A total of 97% of the beneficiaries had received 100 tablets of Iron Folic Acid (IFA), 72% of the beneficiaries were counseled for nutrition during pregnancy and the child immunization coverage was more than 80%. About 75% of multi purpose Health Worker-Female (MPHW-F), 83 % of the village heads and 80% of the Medical Officers were of the opinion that the maternal and child health (MCH) services have improved after ASHAs introduction. Conclusions: Overall, ASHA’s impact in the form of counseling on health services utilization by beneficiaries was observed to be statistically significant.
A study on utilization of antenatal care services in urban slums of Amritsar city, Punjab, India
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , H. V. Kiran Kumar , Devgan Shivesh 
Published: February 2017

Background: Rapid urbanization in India is fuelling a growth in urban poverty, particularly in the urban slums where the quality of life is extremely poor. There have been limited efforts to capture the health of population living in urban slums and most severely affected are the women of childbearing age and children. So the present study was carried out to assess the utilization pattern of antenatal care and to identify the factors affecting it in urban slums of Amritsar city.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1600 houses selected randomly in four slum areas of Amritsar city in which 659 married women in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years who had at least 1 child and had delivered the last child in the last 3 years were found. Total 659 women were interviewed using a pre-designed and pre-tested proforma.Results: 58.4% of respondent women attended at least one antenatal visit during last pregnancy. Maximum (43.4%) attended 2 antenatal visits. Majority (64.4%) had their first antenatal visit in 2nd trimester. Majority (57.1%) consumed <100 IFA tablets. Majority (65.6%) were fully immunized with 2 doses/booster of TT. Lack of knowledge about ANC services was the reason given by most of the women (31.0%) for not attending any antenatal visit. The utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services by women was found to be significantly associated with their age, education, birth order, socio-economic status and husband’s education.Conclusions: The utilization of antenatal care services was found to be poor in the study population. Important barriers to service utilization were found to be lack of awareness and lack of felt need. This shows the need for intensive efforts to be made in slum areas to create awareness among women by Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) activities.
Assessment of risk factors for the development of musculoskeletal disorders among working women
Authors: Shettar Deepti , Sherkhane Mayur S. 
Published: February 2017

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) account for 33% of all work-related illnesses and are the most frequent cause of all health-related absence from work. Working women particularly are at more risk of developing MSDs since they are involved in household activities and childcare along with office work. Psychosocial stress and comfort level at work also play a major role in development of MSDs. So, this study was done to assess the risk factors for the development of MSDs.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted among 60 women clerical staff of a tertiary care hospital, who participated on voluntary basis. Data was collected using semi structured questionnaire. Information on MSDs was collected using Nordic scale. Descriptive statistics, chi square and odds ratio was used for data analysis.Results: Mean age of study participants was 33.88±6.97 years and mean BMI was 23.74±4.15 kg/m2. 81.7% were working 6-8 hours per day, 36.7% working in static posture for longer periods and 28.3% had sleep disturbances. Majority of women had low back pain both in last seven days (56.7%) and twelve months (35.0%). Those who complained of sleep disturbance were nine times and seven times at higher risk of developing pain in last seven days (p=0.015, OR=9.48) and twelve months (p=0.005, OR=7.85).Conclusions: Low-back pain was commonest among MSDs, significantly associated with sleep disturbance. Counseling sessions should be conducted regarding work ergonomics and Occupational Health Departments should be established to avoid untoward events that develop in their productive life.
Attitudes and practices of medical students regarding video-games: should community medicine educationists get serious about serious games
Authors: Malhotra Varun M. , Kabra Pratyush R. , Malhotra Ritika 
Published: February 2017

Background: Present medicos belong to a generation called ‘Millennials’ or ‘Net Generation’. They spend less time reading, and are more comfortable in image-rich environments provided by New Media. The objective of the study is to identify knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical students regarding video-games, with the aim of prompting community medicine teachers to consider serious games as a teaching-learning tool.Methods: The study was conducted among undergraduate medical students who self-administered a structured questionnaire eliciting their practices and attitudes regarding video-games, perceptions regarding impact of video-gaming on their academic performances and acceptability of serious games as a learning tool in community medicine.Results: A total of 255 medical students participated in the study, out of which 242 (94.9%) were current video-gamers. The students started playing video-games at a mean age of 11.72+3.63 years. Mobile phones were the commonest platform for video-gaming. The median duration of video-gaming was 150 minutes/week, with semi-inter-quartile range of 255 minutes. 57.4% of students reported that video-games helped them relax, while 26% felt that video-gaming increased their skills. The study revealed that 43.6% students were aware of serious games and 22.7% had used them as a learning tool in last three months. Moreover, about 95% of medicos welcomed learning of community medicine through serious games.Conclusions: The study reveals that contemporary medical students are spending considerable time playing video-games. It also shows that the learner is willing to learn community medicine through serious games. The study prompts community medicine educationists to consider serious games as a teaching-learning tool.