bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHARMACIST COUNSELING EFFECT TO THE LEVEL OF PATIENT KNOWLEDGE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN “KIMIA FARMA KAWI” PHARMACY, MALANG CITY
Authors: Hakim Abdul , Atmaja Ria Ramadhani Dwi , Sugihantoro Hajar , Mufidah Fahda Dina 
Published: November 2017

<p>Diabetes mellitus is a carbohydrates, fats, protein metabolism disorder that caused by impaired insulin secretion, insulin disruption or both. Diabetes mellitus sufferer need a special care to make the blood glucose level always in normal condition and no complications in various organs. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is inception of disease begins with development of key metabolic abnormality, insulin resistance. Causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus is obesity, age over 40, lifesyle, genetic suscetibility. Pharmacist counseling to the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus is very important because it can improve patient knowledge, patient compliance to the treatment and the quality of patients life. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of counseling by pharmacists to the level of patient’s knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus in “Kimia Farma Kawi” Pharmacy, Malang City.</p><p>This research is a quantitative study with <em>Pre-Experimental</em> design in the form of <em>pretest – post-test design</em>. Number of samples was taken during one month by using <em>consecutive sampling</em> method. The result of this study was using through <em>Wilcoxon test</em> that there was difference of value before and after the pharmacist counseling the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with significance value equal to 0.000 (p value &lt;0,05). The conclusion of this research is the pharmacist counseling can improve patient knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p> </p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> : pharmacist counseling, knowledge, type 2 diabetes mellitus </em>
The Industry of the Future: What Does It Look Like?
Authors: Whitfield Stephen 
Published: November 2017

As new technologies, environmental concerns, and consumer priorities disrupt the status quo of energy operations, industry has begun to rethink how it must proceed in order to remain as vital to global development in the future as it is today. But what does rethinking entail? Does the industry need to transition much to adapt to a new reality, or will success in the future be a simple matter of changing perceptions? How much will industry need to continue leveraging innovative technologies to survive in the future? Those questions have been at the forefront of several discussions held in recent months.
In September, Baker Botts and the Center for Energy Studies at Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy hosted its Global Energy Transitions Summit. The summit described a vision of an energy industry in flux. Panels of industry executives examined how economics, policy, and technology will drive change across energy markets.
At one of the panels from the summit, Deborah Byers, managing partner of Ernst and Young’s (EY) Houston office, described the energy company of the future as energy “reimagined” in three dimensions: future demand, the future of operations, and the future of the workforce. US shale production has spearheaded a global abundance of natural gas. Byers said that any ramp up of demand of natural gas will come from the low cost of supply.
However, as developing countries have industrialized, she said industry has seen strong advancement in efficiencies, whether it’s lighter materials for products or greater conservation of natural resources. A greater focus on efficiency, which may manifest in less fuel-dependent technologies and stricter climate policies, may lead to a de coupling of energy intensity that affects how industry proceeds in the future.
“Natural gas is so abundant and so cheap, and it can be landed in Asia at very competitive prices,” Byers said. “It’s about advances in material technology, material sciences, and then distributive power is a big item that I think could decrease demand. Those are some of the things that we think about and then wonder, how could we look at our organizations and overlay everything?”
Q&A: An Interview With Ecuador's Minister of Hydrocarbons Carlos Pérez Garcia
Authors: Garcia Carlos Pérez 
Published: November 2017

Q&A
On a recent official visit to the United States, Ecuador’s Minister of Hydrocarbons Carlos Pérez Garcia was interviewed by JPT Features Editor Joel Parshall. Pérez was appointed to his position in May. Over the previous year, he was the owner and general manager of PEMEC Energy Consultants in Quito, Ecuador. From 1999 to 2016, Pérez held various positions at Halliburton, including geographic integration manager, new ventures advisor, Ecuador senior country manager, and human resources manager. Previously, he worked at Schlumberger and NASA. Pérez has also served as president of the SPE Ecuador Section. The following transcript of the interview has been lightly edited for length and clarity.

Oil is critical to Ecuador, given the amount of national export income and government revenue that the oil industry generates. What are the biggest needs of your upstream sector?
Mainly we’re looking for private investment for companies to come in and develop additional resources and infrastructure for the industry. So that is part of the agenda of this trip to interest companies in going into the country and investing in areas. We want to diversify our portfolio a little bit because we’re nowadays a little heavily loaded toward the Chinese investment, and we would like to see additional investment from US companies in the country.

Are there specific technology needs in upstream that would especially benefit Ecuador?
Yes. One of the things that we are looking for is IOR [improved oil recovery] and EOR [enhanced oil recovery] technology to be implemented. Our fields are starting to require secondary and tertiary recovery, so we need to increase our recovery factor. Some of them have been producing for over 40 years.
And in addition to that, something that the country has very little experience in is the fracturing business. And there are companies, such as the major service companies—especially in the US—with quite a bit of experience in that area. So we’re looking at tapping into that type of knowledge. We’ve done a few things here with good results, and I think that if companies come in with that expertise, certainly it will help.

Ecuador’s known hydrocarbons in place are essentially conventional resources. Are you mostly interested in fracturing to develop those or to start unconventional development?
We want to apply fracturing in existing fields. There are certain fields where we have tight limestones where we require that type of work. We have not looked at unconventionals yet. I’m pretty sure that there are some, but it’s not our primary area of interest.
Technology Focus: Water Management (December 2017)
Authors: Ali Syed A. 
Published: November 2017

Technology Focus
Understanding and prioritizing water management is key for exploration-and-production operators, not only in terms of reducing overall cost and capital expenditures but also as a means of mitigating operational risk, complying with changing regulatory requirements, and addressing environmental concerns. Water-management decisions within shale oil and gas production fall into three primary categories: water acquisition, water usage within hydraulic-fracturing operations, and the disposal of produced and flowback waters from drilling and production. Shale-fracturing flowback refers to the portion of injected hydraulic-fracturing fluids that returns to the surface before and during initial production. The large quantities of flowback and formation water generated during the fracturing process must be treated before recycling, beneficial reuse, or disposal. Typically, 10–20% returns within 7–14 days, with a rapid decline in quality and quantity. Shale produced water typically refers to water produced during the production phase of the shale wells in the longer term and has significantly lower flow rates and more-consistent quality than flowback water. The characteristics of produced and flowback water vary, but both types of water must be treated properly and disposed of correctly or recycled.
Numerous technologies are available today to enable complete or tailored removal of ionic, organic, and particulate contaminants from source waters for injection or produced waters for discharge.
From fine-particle filtration to remove suspended solids and selective-ion exchange for boron removal to polymeric adsorbents for organic-compound removal, numerous water-management solutions are available to ensure that flowback water and produced water are treated properly for recycling, reuse, or disposal.
The papers featured in this month deal with water management in south Argentina, a salt-tolerant friction reducer, and a novel water-shutoff system for carbonates. I hope you enjoy reading the selected papers.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
IPTC 18936 Integrated-Water-Management Challenges by H. Al-Shammari, Kuwait Oil Company, et al.
SPE 183340 Innovative Approach To Treat Produced Water for Reuse in Saudi Aramco Reservoirs Pressure Maintenance by Mohamed Ahmed Soliman, Saudi Aramco, et al.
SPE 183743 Maintaining Injectivity of Disposal Wells: From Water Quality to Formation Permeability by Ali A. Al-Taq, Saudi Aramco, et al.
SPE 184520 On-Demand Water Control: Molecular Host/Guest Interaction for In-Situ Modification of Formation-Fluid Permeability by Antonio Recio III, Halliburton, et al.
Partial Least Squares Regression for Determining Factors Controlling Winter Wheat Yield
Authors: Hu Yutong , Wei Xiaorong , Hao Mingde , Fu Wei , Zhao Jing , Wang Zhe 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Importance of factors on wheat yield was tested by partial least squares regression.Nitrogen fertilizer was the most important factor on wheat yield in all four groups.Climate factors, precipitation, and soil nutrients were also major control factors.Partial least squares regression is a useful tool to reveal the control factors on wheat yield.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield is influenced by many independent factors including precipitation, fertilization, soil nutrients, and crop variety. Due to high correlations of these factors, it is difficult to analyze their relative importance on wheat yield. This study quantified the effects of independent factors on wheat yield and identified the most important control factors through a long‐term experiment on the Loess Plateau, China. The experiment consisted of 17 treatments, including five different levels of N and P fertilizer. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to evaluate the factors on wheat yield in four variety groups‐ Qinmai4 (1985–1986), Changwu131 (1987–1996), Changwu134 (1997–2015), and 31‐yr planting across the three varieties (1985–2015). Variable importance in projection (VIP) value revealed that N fertilizer had the greatest effect on wheat yield in all four groups (VIP = 1.266–2.313). The second most important factors were climate factors for Qinmai4 (VIP = 1.060), precipitation (February, annual, and fallow season) for Changwu131 (W1 = 0.335–0.351, VIP = 1.381–1.474), and soil nutrients (total nitrogen [TN], soil organic matter [SOM], and available potassium [AK]) for Changwu134 (W1 = –0.231–0.514, VIP = 1.084–2.317). When tested across varieties, TN and SOM were the second most important factors for 31‐yr planting (W2 = 0.455 and 0.313; VIP = 1.908 and 1.370, respectively). These results indicate that PLSR can reveal the control factors on wheat yield in the study area and provide a reference tool for analyses in other crops or areas.
Cultural, Organic, and Biological Methods for Snow Mold Control on Putting Greens in the Intermountain West
Authors: Van Dyke Adam , Johnson Paul G. 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Topdressing every 2 wk reduced snow mold severity by 11% compared with every 4 wk in 1 of 2 yr. This cultural practice should be evaluated further for managing winter diseases.
Compacting snow with snowshoes reduced snow mold severity 3% the first year but had no effect the second year when damage occurred before snow could be compacted.
Organic fertilizers, biological materials, and the compost did not provide adequate control of snow molds.
A mineral oil was the only nonfungicidal commercial product to have efficacy on snow molds.
Turf treated with traditional fungicides PCNB and propiconazole prior to snow cover had the best control of snow molds.
Snow mold pathogens can damage golf course turf in winter, and few alternatives to fungicides currently exist for effective control. Cultural strategies including sand topdressing frequency and snow compaction using snowshoes, in combination with organic and biological commercially available products, were evaluated for snow mold control on a putting green for two seasons. Sand topdressing every 2 wk during the growing season reduced snow mold severity 11% in 2010, and compacting snow in winter reduced severity by 3%. Neither cultural practice reduced damage in 2011, when pressure from snow molds was higher. Most organic and biological materials did not suppress snow molds in either year relative to the fertilizer control, whereas turf treated with traditional fungicides provided the best control. A mineral oil was the only alternative material to have efficacy on snow molds, providing 54% control in 2010 and 34% control in 2011.
Cultural Eutrophication Is Reflected in the Stable Isotopic Composition of the Eastern Mudsnail, Nassarius obsoletus
Authors: Watson Elizabeth Burke , Szura Katelyn , Powell Elisabeth , Maher Nicole , Wigand Cathleen 
Published: November 2017

In aquatic ecosystems, biological indicators are used in concert with nutrient concentration data to identify habitat impairments related to cultural eutrophication. This approach has been less commonly implemented in coastal areas due to the dominance of physical conditions in structuring biological assemblage data. Here, we describe the use of the stable isotopic composition of Nassarius obsoletus (Say), the eastern mudsnail, as an indicator of cultural eutrophication for 40 locations in coastal estuaries in New York. We found 15N enrichment in mudsnail tissue where watersheds had high population densities, land use patterns were more urbanized, and when sampling sites were adjacent to wastewater treatment plant discharges. Stable carbon isotopes were responsive to salinity and watershed forest cover, with more saline sites reflecting a predominantly C4 or algal carbon isotopic signature and more forested sites a lighter isotopic signature reflecting greater inputs of C3 terrestrial detrital carbon. Mudsnail nitrogen isotopic composition had a high level of separation between more affected and pristine watersheds (from 6.6 to 14.1‰), highlighting its utility as an indicator. We thus propose that stable isotope values of estuarine biota, such as the eastern mudsnail, can be used in concert with water quality data to identify areas where improvements in water quality are needed and can also be used to identify sources of detrital carbon to estuarine environments.Core Ideas
We analyzed Nassarius obsoletus tissue and shell for δ15N and δ13C.
δ15N values strongly reflected anthropogenic trophic enrichment from wastewater.
δ13C values reflected C4 vs. C3 plant signatures on the basis of salinity and forest cover.
Stable isotope signatures of estuarine biota are useful indicators of water quality.
Glyphosate Applications, Glyphosate Resistant Corn, and Tillage on Nitrification Rates and Distribution of Nitrifying Microbial Communities
Authors: Jenkins Michael , Locke Martin , Reddy Krishna , McChesney Daniel S. , Steinriede R. 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
The herbicide glyphosate can affect nitrification rates.
Archaeal nitrifiers were dominant in the rhizosphere.
In bulk soil, bacterial and archaeal nitrifiers were evenly distributed.
We tested the null hypothesis that nitrification and the distribution of archaeal and bacterial nitrifying communities would not be impacted by long‐term applications of the herbicide, glyphosate, to glyphosate‐resistant (GR) and non‐glyphosate‐resistant corn (nonGR) under conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) systems. Bulk and rhizosphere soil nitrification potential rates and quantification of amoA genes of archaeal (AOA) and bacterial (AOB) communities were undertaken. In 2013, the nitrification rate of nonGR corn with no glyphosate application treatment associated with bulk and rhizosphere soils under RT displayed greater (P < 0.05) nitrification rates than GR corn with glyphosate applications. In 2014, the nitrification rate of the rhizosphere soil under RT in GR corn with no glyphosate application treatment was greater (P < 0.05) than other rhizosphere soil treatments. Ratios between archaeal and bacterial amoA genes indicated distinct dominance of AOA communities in the rhizosphere soil. The ratios between AOA and AOB amoA genes in bulk soil were more balanced. Regression analyses indicated more significant correlations between nitrification potential determinations and bulk soil nutrients ratios, nutrient acquisition ratios, and microbial communities than between analogous rhizosphere soil characteristics. Compared to non‐glyphosate treatments, glyphosate applications appeared to disrupt rhizosphere nutrient, exoenzymatic, and microbial relationships. Glyphosate applications had an inconsistent inhibitory effect on the nitrification process. In contrast to bulk soil, rhizosphere soil nitrifying communities were most likely in competition with corn roots for ammonia‐N, and were thus dominated by more oligotrophic archaeal nitrifiers compared to bacterial nitrifiers.
Grazing and Tillage Effects on Soil Properties, Rain Infiltration, and Sediment Transport during Fallow
Authors: Baumhardt R. L. , Johnson G. L. , Schwartz R. C. , Brauer D. K. 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Soil loss tended higher (>40%) with grazing, but tillage increased soil loss significantly.
Infiltration increased with tillage and did not vary with grazing during either fallow phase.
Combined grazing and NT management decreased infiltration without tillage to disrupt compaction.
Depletion of the High Plains Aquifer that supplies irrigation water for the semiarid Southern Great Plains may necessitate dryland production of crops like wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] using the wheat–sorghum–fallow (WSF) rotation. Reduced crop productivity without irrigation can be offset by intensifying the WSF rotation with cattle (Bos taurus) grazing. Biomass removal and soil trampling without tillage, however, may reduce rain infiltration and storage during fallow that increases with no‐tillage (NT) over stubble‐mulch (SM) tillage. Our objective was to quantify grazing and tillage effects on infiltration, sediment transport, and aggregate stability during fallow periods after sorghum and wheat. Using a split plot randomized complete block design, we compared wet aggregate size distribution of a Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll; 0.0–0.05 m) and sediment yield in runoff of simulated rain during the fallow‐like idle period after wheat and the sorghum fallow. Sediment concentration and yield for both fallows were numerically larger (>40%) with grazing. Sediment concentration from SM tillage increased significantly over NT for either fallow, but soil loss differed only for wheat fallow. Mean final infiltration rate (IRf) and amount (IA60) did not differ significantly with grazing during either fallow, but IA60 was usually 20% lower for grazed than for ungrazed paddocks. Because SM tillage after grazed wheat significantly (P < 0.01) increased IRf and IA60 over NT, occasional SM tillage to disrupt compaction from trampling may increase water conservation for dryland cropping systems combining grazing with NT residue management.
Comparing Extractants for Calibrating Potassium Rates for Tomato Grown on a Calcareous Soil
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Ozores-Hampton Monica , Li Yuncong C. , Mylavarapu Rao S. 
Published: November 2017

Core IdeasWater was ineffective to estimate K availability in calcareous soils in Florida.Both Mehlich‐3 and AB‐DTPA can be used to calibrate K rates in calcareous soils.High K level was above 213 and 183 mg kg–1with Mehlich‐3 and AB‐DTPA, respectively.Potassium application rates based on a reliable soil testing method are critical for maximizing crop yields and minimizing fertilizer costs. Vegetables grown on calcareous soils, however, have no soil test potassium (STK) interpretations in Florida. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare Mehlich‐3, ammonium bicarbonate‐DTPA (AB‐DTPA), and water to estimate K availability and calibrate K rates for tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) grown on a calcareous soil. The experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2014 and 2015. Potassium fertilizers were applied through preplant dry fertilizer and drip fertigation at total rate of 0, 56, 93, 149, 186, and 223 kg K ha–1. Regression models were performed to calibrate K rates by tomato relative yield with total K input (initial STK plus full‐season K rate). Concentrations of STK were significantly correlated among the three extractants and the highest correlation occurred between Mehlich‐3 and AB‐DTPA. Due to the high variability, water was ineffective to estimate K availability. Significantly linear relationships were found between total K uptake (TKU) and total K inputs using both Mehlich‐3 extracted K (Mehlich‐3‐K) and AB‐DTPA‐K. The low STK levels were predicted from 85 to 150 and 70 to 120 mg K kg–1and the corresponding required K rates ranged from 307 to 151 and 271 to 151 kg K ha–1using Mehlich‐3‐K and AB‐DTPA‐K, respectively. Thus, both Mehlich‐3 and AB‐DTPA can be used to predict K availability and K rates needed to produce optimal marketable yield for tomato grown on calcareous soils in Florida.
Density Functional Theory Calculation of Band Gap of Iron (II) disulfide and Tellurium
Authors: Arumona Arumona Edward , N Amah A 
Published: November 2017

In this work, the band gap of Iron(II) disulfide and Tellurium were computed using the density functional theory with different meta-GGA functionals. The results showed that the meta-GGA functional M06L gave the closest value of the band gap as 0.96 eV compared to the experimental value of 0.95 eV for Iron(II) disulfide while the meta-GGA functional BJ06 gave the closest value of the band gap as 0.339 eV compared to the experimental value of 0.335 eV for Tellurium. This study showed that the meta-GGA functionals M06L and BJ06 can effectively predict the band gap of Iron(II)disulfide and Tellurium. In general, the use of meta-GGA functionals can be extended to compute the band gap of other semiconductors.
PLANEAMIENTO ESTRATÉGICO EN EL SECTOR PÚBLICO
Authors: Cabrejos Burga Dr. Raul 
Published: November 2017

La implementación del Planeamiento Estratégico en las organizaciones del estado de los países de América Latina, se origina en el programa “Alianza para el Progreso” creada por iniciativa del Ex Presidente de EEUU, J.F. Kennedy, como una herramienta para contrarrestar la influencia de la Revolución Cubana y apoyar medidas reformistas para el desarrollo económico y social. Este programa fue aprobado en el año 61, en una reunión organizada por el Consejo Interamericano Económico de la Pera (CIE) en Punta del Este (Uruguay) donde asisten todos los países que integraban esta organización, incluyendo Cuba quien fue el país que no aprueba la declaración y carta en la cual se establece que Estados Unidos, proporciona apoyo económico a los países de América Latina, siempre que estos cumplan con formular sus planes decanales, la modernización de la industria, la reforma agraria y otras medidas.