bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dependence of physiochemical, functional and textural properties of high‐resistant starch rice on endogenous nonstarch polysaccharides
Authors: Sun Jian , Wang Yin , Zhang Xiuqiong , Rasmussen Søren K. , Jiang Xiaotong , Song Wenjian , Wu Dianxing , Shu Xiaoli 
Published: November 2017

SummaryTo investigate the possibility of improving the quality of rice rich in resistant starch through operation of nonstarch polysaccharides, the high dietary fibre (7.24%) mutant cw and its wild‐type R7954 were selected to study the physiochemical characteristics of starch before and after removal of nonstarch polysaccharides. Results showed that hydrolysed or partially hydrolysed nonstarch polysaccharides in cw decreased the resistant starch content significantly, from 15.23% to 10.8%. Nonstarch polysaccharides had significant influences on the gelatinisation temperature, RVA parameters of R7954, but no significant influences on that of cw. For cw, removal of cellulose increased swelling power and adhesiveness, decreased the hardness significantly, from 0.3 to 0.23 N, while the resistant starch content was still as high as 13.72% and showed no significant difference from the wild type. This suggests that the influences of nonstarch polysaccharides on starch properties depend both on the type of rice and the nonstarch polysaccharides. Operation on nonstarch polysaccharides for obtaining rice with lower glycemic index is feasible, but operation on nonstarch polysaccharides may also be an alternative way of improving the palatability for rice high in resistant starch.
Hydrodistillation condition adjustment for different material particle sizes: a method to increase batch‐to‐batch quality consistency
Authors: Wei Danni , Cheng Guilin , Huang Kaiyi , Fang Jinyang , Yan Binjun 
Published: November 2017

SummaryVarying material particle sizes represent a common contributing factor to the batch‐to‐batch variation of extraction yields. To increase the batch‐to‐batch quality consistency of extracts, a method was proposed to adjust the extraction conditions for different material particle sizes, taking the hydrodistillation extraction process of Radix Curcumae and Fructus Gardeniae as a case study. Statistical models were built for five sesquiterpenes including curcumenone, curcumenol, curdione, curzerenone and furanodienone, to quantitatively describe the effects of particle size and process parameters on their extraction yields. An increase in sodium chloride concentration remarkably increased the yields of curcumenone and curcumenol, and a larger solvent‐to‐solid ratio increased the yields of five sesquiterpenes. Under the adjusted process parameters for two different particle sizes, the yield for each compound was controlled to fall in the 90–110% target range. The proposed method can be applied to various extraction processes of foods and herbal medicines.
Can time to failure predict the faulty component in artificial urinary sphincter device malfunctions?
Authors: Yang David Y , Linder Brian J , Miller Adam R , Rangel Laureano J , Elliott Daniel S 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveArtificial urinary sphincter malfunctions can occur in any of the individual components. Preoperative identification of the malfunctioning component can be valuable for patient counseling and surgical planning. The optimal strategy for repair of failed artificial urinary sphincter components is debated given the relative rarity of the situation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of time to failure with failed artificial urinary sphincter component and to compare our outcomes of specific component versus complete device replacement.MethodsFrom 1983 to 2011, 1805 artificial urinary sphincter procedures were carried out at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota, USA), of which 1072 patients underwent primary artificial urinary sphincter placement. Clinical variables, including time to failure, were evaluated for association with component failure. Bootstrap analysis was used to estimate the differences in time to reach a fixed percentage of component failure.ResultsA total of 115 patients experienced device failure at a median follow up of 4.2 years. Urethral cuff, abdominal reservoir, scrotal pump and tubing malfunction occurred in 53 (4.9%), 26 (2.4%), 11 (1%) and 25 (2.3%) patients, respectively. Increasing age at the time of primary surgery was protective of cuff malfunction (hazard ratio 0.97, P = 0.04). Time to 3% urethral cuff failure outpaced other component failures (P < 0.05). Secondary failure‐free rates after whole device versus specific component revisions were comparable (P = 0.38).ConclusionsClinical predictors for artificial urinary sphincter failure continue to be difficult to establish. Although single component versus entire device replacement have similar outcomes, if pursuing single component revision, we recommend cuff‐first interrogation in devices in place for >3 years, as this represents the most likely component to fail.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm hampers murine central wound healing by suppression of vascular epithelial growth factor
Authors: Trøstrup Hannah , Lerche Christian J. , Christophersen Lars J. , Thomsen Kim , Jensen Peter Ø. , Hougen Hans Petter , Høiby Niels , Moser Claus 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBiofilm‐infected wounds are clinically challenging. Vascular endothelial growth factor and host defence S100A8/A9 are crucial for wound healing but may be suppressed by biofilms. The natural course of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infection was compared in central and peripheral zones of burn‐wounded, infection‐susceptible BALB/c mice, which display delayed wound closure compared to C3H/HeN mice. Wounds were evaluated histopathologically 4, 7 or 10 days post‐infection. Photoplanimetry evaluated necrotic areas. P. aeruginosa biofilm suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor levels centrally in BALB/c wounds but increased peripheral levels 4–7 days post‐infection. Central zones of the burn wound displayed lower levels of central vascular endothelial growth factor as observed 4 and 7 days post‐infection in BALB/c mice compared to their C3H/HeN counterparts. Biofilm suppressed early, centrally located S100A8/A9 in BALB/c and centrally and peripherally later on in C3H/HeN wounds as compared to uninfected mice. Peripheral polymorphonuclear‐dominated inflammation and larger necrosis were observed in BALB/c wounds. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa biofilm modulates wounds by suppressing central, but inducing peripheral, vascular endothelial growth factor levels and reducing host response in wounds of BALB/c mice. This suppression is detrimental to the resolution of biofilm‐infected necrosis.
How to perform posterior wall isolation in catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sugumar Hariharan , Thomas Stuart P. , Prabhu Sandeep , Voskoboinik Aleksandr , Kistler Peter M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCatheter ablation has become standard of care in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). Although there have been significant advances in our understanding and technology, a substantial proportion of patients have ongoing AF requiring repeat procedures. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone of AF ablation; however, it is less effective in patients with persistent as opposed to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Left atrial posterior wall isolation (PWI) is commonly performed as an adjunct to PVI in patients with persistent AF with nonrandomized studies showing improved outcomes. Anatomical considerations and detailed outline of the various approaches and techniques to performing PWI are detailed, and advantages and pitfalls to assist the clinical electrophysiologist successfully and safely complete PWI are described.
Effects of circulating member B of the family with sequence similarity 3 on the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and its components: A 5‐year prospective study
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Yu Fadong , Zhang Zhuo , Hou Yuanyuan , Teng Weiping , Shan Zhongyan , Lai Yaxin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionMember B of the family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3B), also known as pancreatic‐derived factor, is mainly synthesized and secreted by islet β‐cells, and plays a role in abnormal metabolism of glucose and lipids. However, the prospective association of FAM3B with metabolic disorders remains unclear. The present study aimed to reveal the predictive relationship between pancreas‐specific cytokine and metabolic syndrome (MetS).Materials and MethodsA total of 210 adults (88 men and 122 women) without MetS, aged between 40 and 65 years, were recruited and received a comprehensive health examination. Baseline serum FAM3B levels were determined by sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Subsequently, all participants underwent a follow‐up examination after 5 years. MetS was identified in accordance with the International Diabetes Federation criteria.ResultsDuring follow up, 35.7% participants developed MetS. In comparison with the non‐MetS group, participants with MetS had an increased serum FAM3B at baseline (21.85 ng/mL [19.38, 24.17 ng/mL] vs 28.56 ng/mL [25.32, 38.10 ng/mL], P < 0.001). Moreover, serum FAM3B was significantly associated with variations in fasting plasma insulin (r = −0.306, P < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function (r = −0.328, P < 0.001) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r = −0.191, P = 0.006). Furthermore, a positive correlation between baseline FAM3B and the incidence of MetS was observed, even after multivariable adjustment (relative risk 1.23 [1.15, 1.31], P < 0.001). Furthermore, the optimal cut‐off values of FAM3B was 23.98 ng/mL for predicting MetS based on the Youden Index.ConclusionsElevated circulating FAM3B might be considered as a predictor of newly‐onset MetS and its progression.
Incremental Material Flow Analysis with Bayesian Inference
Authors: Lupton Richard C. , Allwood Julian M. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryMaterial flow analysis (MFA) is widely used to study the life cycles of materials from production, through use, to reuse, recycling, or disposal, in order to identify environmental impacts and opportunities to address them. However, development of this type of analysis is often constrained by limited data, which may be uncertain, contradictory, missing, or over‐aggregated.This article proposes a Bayesian approach, in which uncertain knowledge about material flows is described by probability distributions. If little data is initially available, the model predictions will be rather vague. As new data is acquired, it is systematically incorporated to reduce the level of uncertainty.After reviewing previous approaches to uncertainty in MFA, the Bayesian approach is introduced, and a general recipe for its application to material flow analysis is developed. This is applied to map the global production of steel using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations. As well as aiding the analyst, who can get started in the face of incomplete data, this incremental approach to MFA also supports efforts to improve communication of results by transparently accounting for uncertainty throughout.
Prioritizing Consumption‐Based Carbon Policy Based on the Evaluation of Mitigation Potential Using Input‐Output Methods
Authors: Wood Richard , Moran Daniel , Stadler Konstantin , Ivanova Diana , Steen‐Olsen Kjartan , Tisserant Alexandre , Hertwich Edgar G. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryCarbon footprints aim to engage consumers in contributing to climate‐change mitigation. Consumption‐oriented policy measures attempt to cause voluntary or incentivized interventions that reduce environmental impact through the supply chain by utilizing demand drivers. A large body of life cycle assessment studies describe how specific actions can reduce the environmental footprint of an individual or household. However, these assessments are often conducted with a narrow focus on particular goods and processes. Here, we formalize a counterfactual method and operational tool for scoping the potential impact of such actions, focusing on economy‐wide impact. This “quickscan” tool can model shifts and reductions in demand, rebound effects (using marginal expenditure), changes in domestic and international production recipes, and reductions in the environmental intensity of production. This tool provides quick, macro‐level estimates of the efficacy of consumer‐oriented policy measures and can help to prioritize relevant policies. We demonstrate the method using two case studies on diet and clothing using the EXIOBASE3 multiregional input‐output database, giving spatially explicit information on where environmental impact reductions of the interventions occur, and where impacts may increase in the case of rebounds.
Examining polyquaternium polymers deposition on human excised hair fibers
Authors: Shokri Javad , Shamseddini Lori Maryam , Monajjemzadeh Farnaz 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundPolyquaterniums (PQs) as important ingredients of hair products are synthetic cationic polymers and are used in commercial hair volumizers and conditioners.MethodsThree different grades of polymers including PQ 87, 68, and 46 with various concentrations were used, and their hair deposition efficacy was measured at 5 different pH values using hair diameters measurements by digital micrometer. Deposition durability of polymer layer on the hair surface was tested by a defined washing test. Optical microscopic images and polarized light images were also taken from treated and untreated samples for further investigation. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectral were recorded from hair samples to prove the polymer deposition and probable interaction with hair fibers.ResultsPQ‐68 with the highest molecular weight (300 kDa) at pH = 9 exhibited the best hair deposition efficacy. The results revealed that the deposition of polymers is directly proportional to the pH values. The best results were seen at pH = 9, and at the lowest pH (pH = 5), the efficiency of polymers was approximately equal to zero. The best resistance against washing was shown by PQ‐44 at pH = 6. ATR successfully tracked the presence of the polymers on the hair fibers and also proposed specific wave numbers for each polymeric agent, individually.ConclusionsIn general, two main parameter which can mainly influence the deposition efficacy of PQs are the type of polymer or its molecular weight and also the positive charge density on the polymer molecules.
Body size and risk of atrial fibrillation: a cohort study of 1.1 million young men
Authors: Andersen K. , Rasmussen F. , Neovius M. , Tynelius P. , Sundström J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundWhilst tall stature has been related to lower risk of vascular disease, it has been proposed as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. Little is known about other anthropometric measures and their joint effects on risk of atrial fibrillation.ObjectivesWe aim to investigate associations and potential joint effects of height, weight, body surface area (BSA) and body mass index (BMI) with risk of atrial fibrillation.MethodsIn a cohort covering 1 153 151 18‐year‐old men participating in the Swedish military conscription (1972–1995), Cox regression was used to investigate associations of height, weight, BSA and BMI with risk of atrial fibrillation.ResultsDuring a median of 26.3 years of follow‐up, higher height was associated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio [HR] 2.80; 95% CI 2.63–2.98; for 5th vs. 1st quintile) and so was larger BSA (HR 3.05; 95% CI 2.82–3.28; for 5th vs. 1st quintile). Higher weight and BMI were to a lesser extent associated with risk of atrial fibrillation (BMI: 1.42; 95% CI 1.33–1.52, for 5th vs. 1st quintile). We found a multiplicative joint effect of height and weight. Adjusting for muscle strength, exercise capacity and diseases related to atrial fibrillation attenuated these measures.ConclusionsHigher height and weight are strongly associated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation. These associations are multiplicative and independent of each other and are summarized in a strong association of body surface area with risk of atrial fibrillation. The mechanisms remain unknown but may involve increased atrial volume load with larger body size.
Empowering public service workers to face bystander conflict: Enhancing resources through a training intervention
Authors: van Erp Kim J. P. M. , Gevers Josette M. P. , Rispens Sonja , Demerouti Evangelia 
Published: November 2017

Public service employees work in occupations that are accompanied with high psychosocial risks. Police, firefighters, and paramedics are increasingly being confronted with argumentative, conflicting bystanders that frustrate them in executing their task. We developed a resource‐enhancement intervention and tested its usefulness for securing employees’ effective functioning and well‐being in bystander conflict. In a simulation‐based pre‐test post‐test control group design, paramedics in the intervention condition received training about how to increase their resources in terms of conflict management efficacy, perspective taking, task support, and emotional support. For those in the control condition, no such training was provided. Comparing pre‐ and post‐test measures (n = 81) of the participants in the intervention and control groups, we found evidence that the intervention successfully increased employees’ resources over time. Moreover, we found considerable support for a positive link between these resources and employees’ affective well‐being and job dedication. Thus, our study suggests that a resource‐enhancing intervention can serve as an important means to protect public service employees against the deleterious effects of bystander conflict.Practitioner points

A resource‐enhancing intervention can protect public service employees against the deleterious effects of bystander conflict.

Resources related to dealing with a hindering bystander, as well as resources facilitating the continuation of the primary task, are positively associated with employees’ affective well‐being, job dedication, and job performance.
Inflammatory and metabolic responses to an intramammary lipopolysaccharide challenge in early lactating cows supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid
Authors: Gross J. J. , Grossen‐Rösti L. , Héritier R. , Tröscher A. , Bruckmaier R. M. 
Published: November 2017

SummarySupplementation of dairy cows with trans‐10, cis‐12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) allows nutrient repartitioning despite an energy deficiency in early lactation, which might be a benefit for the immune system, too. In this study, we investigated potential nutrient sparing effects of CLA in early lactating cows with low plasma glucose concentrations exposed to an intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Fifteen multiparous Holstein cows were exposed to an intramammary LPS challenge in week 4 p.p. Eight cows (CLA) were supplemented daily with 70 g of lipid‐encapsulated CLA (6.8 g trans‐10, cis‐12 and 6.6 g of the cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA isomer; CLA) and seven cows with 56 g of control fat (CON). Blood samples were obtained every 30 min along with rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rate, and milk samples were taken hourly until 10 hr after the LPS application. Plasma was analysed for concentrations of glucose, free fatty acids, beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cortisol, insulin and glucagon. In milk, somatic cell count and activity of lactate dehydrogenase were determined. Initial plasma glucose concentration was lower in CLA than in CON. During the immunostimulation, CLA had higher glucose concentrations than CON, and BHB decreased distinctly in CLA, whereas CON cows maintained BHB concentration at a lower level. Body temperature in CLA increased earlier, the difference between peak and basal temperature was higher, and the decline thereafter occurred earlier. In conclusion, CLA supplementation of early lactating cows exposed to an intramammary LPS challenge affected local and systemic immune responses. We assume that CLA supplementation triggered glycogen storage. Cows supplemented with CLA provided more glucose and preferentially used BHB as an energy source during the immune response. The more intense metabolic and more concentrated endocrine responses support an immunomodulatory effect of CLA supplementation.
A comparative meta‐analysis on the relationship of faecal calcium and phosphorus excretion in mammals
Authors: Böswald L. F. , Dobenecker B. , Clauss M. , Kienzle E. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryTo investigate the relationship between faecal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) excretion in different mammalian species, a meta‐analysis on digestibility data derived from the literature was conducted. Seventy‐three studies on carnivores, omnivores, large and small hindgut fermenters, ruminants and hippos (a total of 21 mammalian species, precondition for inclusion dietary Ca/P ratio 1.5/1 – 3.0/1) were analysed for Ca and P digestibility. Dietary Ca/P ratios were lower than faecal Ca/P ratios in carnivores, omnivores, ruminants and hippos. In hindgut fermenters, dietary Ca/P ratios were higher than faecal Ca/P ratios, indicating higher intestinal Ca absorption in these species. In all species investigated, there was a significant positive relationship between Ca intake and faecal Ca excretion and between P intake and faecal P excretion. In the biologically relevant range, these equations predicted lower faecal Ca losses in hindgut fermenters than ruminants, for faecal P vice versa. In all species, faecal Ca and P excretion correlated significantly. In carnivores, this highly linear correlation was exceptionally strong (R² = .92). Yet, the linearity of the correlation was questionable in omnivores and ruminants. Possibly, the strong linear correlation of faecal Ca and P excretion in carnivores is due to the formation of insoluble Ca/P complexes in their relatively short and simple gastrointestinal tract. Another hypothesis is that in carnivores, Ca homeostasis relies on modifying bone turnover to a higher degree than on changes in intestinal Ca absorption. For the formation of bone matrix, a constant ratio of Ca and P absorption is of advantage.