bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International consensus principles for ethical wildlife control
Authors: Dubois Sara , Fenwick Nicole , Ryan Erin A. , Baker Liv , Baker Sandra E. , Beausoleil Ngaio J. , Carter Scott , Cartwright Barbara , Costa Federico , Draper Chris , Griffin John , Grogan Adam , Howald Gregg , Jones Bidda , Littin Kate E. , Lombard Amanda T. , Mellor David J. , Ramp Daniel , Schuppli Catherine A. , Fraser David 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflicts are commonly addressed by excluding, relocating, or lethally controlling animals with the goal of preserving public health and safety, protecting property, or conserving other valued wildlife. However, declining wildlife populations, a lack of efficacy of control methods in achieving desired outcomes, and changes in how people value animals have triggered widespread acknowledgment of the need for ethical and evidence‐based approaches to managing such conflicts. We explored international perspectives on and experiences with human–wildlife conflicts to develop principles for ethical wildlife control. A diverse panel of 20 experts convened at a 2‐day workshop and developed the principles through a facilitated engagement process and discussion. They determined that efforts to control wildlife should begin wherever possible by altering the human practices that cause human–wildlife conflict and by developing a culture of coexistence; be justified by evidence that significant harms are being caused to people, property, livelihoods, ecosystems, and/or other animals; have measurable outcome‐based objectives that are clear, achievable, monitored, and adaptive; predictably minimize animal welfare harms to the fewest number of animals; be informed by community values as well as scientific, technical, and practical information; be integrated into plans for systematic long‐term management; and be based on the specifics of the situation rather than negative labels (pest, overabundant) applied to the target species. We recommend that these principles guide development of international, national, and local standards and control decisions and implementation.
Inferring infection hazard in wildlife populations by linking data across individual and population scales
Authors: Pepin Kim M. , Kay Shannon L. , Golas Ben D. , Shriner Susan S. , Gilbert Amy T. , Miller Ryan S. , Graham Andrea L. , Riley Steven , Cross Paul C. , Samuel Michael D. , Hooten Mevin B. , Hoeting Jennifer A. , Lloyd‐Smith James O. , Webb Colleen T. , Buhnerkempe Michael G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOur ability to infer unobservable disease‐dynamic processes such as force of infection (infection hazard for susceptible hosts) has transformed our understanding of disease transmission mechanisms and capacity to predict disease dynamics. Conventional methods for inferring FOI estimate a time‐averaged value and are based on population‐level processes. Because many pathogens exhibit epidemic cycling and FOI is the result of processes acting across the scales of individuals and populations, a flexible framework that extends to epidemic dynamics and links within‐host processes to FOI is needed. Specifically, within‐host antibody kinetics in wildlife hosts can be short‐lived and produce patterns that are repeatable across individuals, suggesting individual‐level antibody concentrations could be used to infer time since infection and hence FOI. Using simulations and case studies (influenza A in lesser snow geese and Yersinia pestis in coyotes), we argue that with careful experimental and surveillance design, the population‐level FOI signal can be recovered from individual‐level antibody kinetics, despite substantial individual‐level variation. In addition to improving inference, the cross‐scale quantitative antibody approach we describe can reveal insights into drivers of individual‐based variation in disease response, and the role of poorly understood processes such as secondary infections, in population‐level dynamics of disease.
Urban‐rural disparity and determinants of delivery care utilization in Oromia region, Ethiopia: Community‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kenea Dinke , Jisha Hunduma 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLow delivery care utilization continues to be a public health problem that significantly contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia.The aim of the study is to determine the extent of urban‐rural disparity of delivery care utilization and its determinants.A community‐based cross‐sectional quantitative study supplemented with qualitative data was conducted from February 15 to March 10, 2014. Data were collected from eligible woman using interviewer‐guided semistructured questionnaires and focus group discussions. Logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence interval and p‐value less than 5% was used to identify potential determinant variables.From 567 women, institutional delivery care was attended by 45.9% (260) respondents of whom 69.3% were urban and 21.3% were rural. Mass media and antenatal care attendance were the major determinants in urban respondents, whereas children ever born, partners' occupation, women's autonomy, and pregnancy‐related health problems were statistically significant associations in rural women.The need for maternal health care is not met to the required level. There is a significant disparity in delivery care attendance among urban and rural women of the study area. Women's empowerment and awareness creation should be extensively worked on through mass media and posters or health information.
Nursing students' attitudes toward research and development within nursing: Does writing a bachelor thesis make a difference?
Authors: Uysal Toraman Aynur , Hamaratçılar Güler , Tülü Begüm , Erkin Özüm 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of writing a bachelor's thesis on nursing students' attitudes towards research and development in nursing. The study sample consisted of 91 nursing students who were required to complete a bachelor's thesis and 89 nursing students who were not required to complete a bachelor's thesis. Data were collected via self‐report questionnaire that was distributed in May and June 2012. The questionnaire comprised 3 parts: (1) demographic items; (2) questions about “scientific activities,” and (3) the nursing students' attitudes towards and awareness of research and development within nursing scale (version 2). The mean age of the students was 23 (1.3) years. The students who wrote a bachelor's thesis achieved a median score of 110.0, whereas the students in the other group had a median score of 105.0 on the scale. All the items were assigned a 3 or higher. A statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups in their attitudes towards and awareness of research (U = 3265.5; P = .025). The results of this study suggest that writing a thesis in nursing education has a positive influence on nursing students' attitudes towards and awareness of research and development in nursing.
Health care professionals knowledge and perception of pharmacovigilance in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Amman, Jordan
Authors: Abu Hammour Khawla , El‐Dahiyat Faris , Abu Farha Rana 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesUnderreporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by health care professionals is a common inherent health problem encountered in many countries. This could be explained by the lack of awareness and knowledge about the guidelines to follow to identify and report ADRs. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the awareness, knowledge, and perceptions among medical doctors and nurses regarding their role as ADRs reporters in Jordan.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted between September 2015 to January 2016 at the Jordan University Hospital in Amman. During the study period, a total of 670 validated questionnaires were distributed to medical doctors and nurses in different departments.ResultsMost of health care professionals were not aware of the concept of pharmacovigilance. Medical doctors showed a better overall knowledge compared with nurses (P < .05). Interestingly, despite the low level of awareness, the majority of respondents believed in the necessity of reporting ADRs.ConclusionAlthough there is a low level of awareness among health care professionals regarding pharmacovigilance, there is strong agreement among them about the necessity of reporting ADRs and attending educational sessions about pharmacovigilance which will help them to improve the quality of services they provide.
Boundary Spanning in Global Organizations
Authors: Schotter Andreas P. J. , Mudambi Ram , Doz Yves L. , Gaur Ajai 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGlobal organizations are inherently complex. The spatial dispersion of activities results in organizational subunits becoming embedded in local host‐country contexts that differ from their parents’ home country contexts. These subunits are also embedded in their parents’ corporate networks, causing them to differ from their locally embedded peers. The dual embeddedness and associated complexities create complex and often implicit boundaries. In addition, the contextual and operational diversity that affects the boundaries in global organizations are continually changing. Hence managing and coordinating across different inter‐ and intra‐organizational boundaries has emerged as an important capability for the success of global organizations. So far, we have a limited understanding of the factors that affect the complexity and effectiveness of the boundary spanning function. In this article, we focus on clarifying these key issues and propose a model for effective boundary spanning in global organizations.
The impact of a creative play intervention on satisfaction with nursing care: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Teksoz Emel , Bilgin Ibrahim , Madzwamuse Suna Eryigit , Oscakci Ayse Ferda 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeHospitalisation can lead to distress for children. Creative play may reduce the adverse effects of hospitalisation on children, as it could lead to children associating satisfaction and fun with their hospital experience. The aim of the current study is to investigate the impact of a creative play intervention on service‐care satisfaction measurements of children and their parents.Design and MethodsA mixed‐methods design consisting of quantitative pre/post‐assessments and qualitative interviews was used within this study. The research was conducted with 30 children (nexperimental group = 15; ncontrol group = 15). Their parents (n = 30) and their nurse practitioners (n = 20) were also contacted in order to capture their reflections of this intervention which included creative activities with unused clean medical materials. Child participants completed the Patient's Nursing Care Perception Tool and their parents completed the PedsQL Health Care Satisfaction Tool.ResultsThe two groups did not differ in relation to the Patients’ Nursing Care Satisfaction Tool (PNCST) (t(28): 0.348, p = .730) and the PedsQL (t(28): –0.189, p = .852) scores at Time 1 before the intervention; however, significant differences were observed at the end at Time 2 (PNCST: t(28): –11.63, p < .001; PedsQL: t(28): –12.416, p < .001). In qualitative interviews, nurses indicated that their play skills with children had been enhanced by this intervention. Family attendants reported that the intervention improved the nurse–child relationship and their satisfaction with care.Practice ImplicationsThe results have shown that creative play intervention are a feasible nursing intervention which has a strong potential to be effective on child patients’ and their attendants’ satisfaction with care services.
The ecology of the Common tree shrew, Tupaia glis in peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Langham N. P. E. 
Published: January 2017

The Common tree shrew was studied over three and half years in tropical rainforest habitats in West Malaysia, using various trapping methods. It was more terrestrial than arboreal and the overall sex ratio remained close to unity. The main reproductive period was between February and June and the litter size invariably two. Some females bred more than once a season and the age at first pregnancy was seven months. Growth rate was measured from weaning to adult weight. Density varied from about two to five animals per hectare. The monthly survival rate was 0·75–0·93, and the maximum age recorded was over 4 years. The main period of emigration or mortality was during the breeding period or the North East Monsoon. The main food was invertebrates with some vegetable matter.These results support captive studies that T. glis are territorial with about two pairs per hectare prior to breeding. Predation did not seem to be important. Although survival resembled that of temperate insectivores, the litter size was more like lower primates. The annual breeding coincided with the abundance of invertebrates after the dry season, also shown by insectivorous birds. The low production of young was compensated for by the relatively high longevity of adults.
Hindlimb joint angle changes and action of the primary ankle extensor muscles during posture and locomotion in the Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)
Authors: Goslow G. E. , Van De Graaff Kent M. 
Published: January 2017

Knee (femorotibial), ankle (talocrural) and metatarsophalangeal joint angles during posture and locomotion were determined for the adult Striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis. Cinematography of animals moving overground and cineradiography of animals walking on a treadmill are the basis for joint angle measurements. These data allowed for the documentation of muscle length change of the primary ankle extensors, soleus, medial and lateral gastrocnemius and plantaris during stepping. Whole muscle length—active tension curves were determined on anaesthetized skunks. Appropriate moment arms were measured over the physiological range of knee and ankle angles. This study provides some mechanical and musculoskeletal data of the ankle of M. mephitis and provides for comparison and contrast to similar data for the domestic cat. Major findings include: (1) the length—active tetanic tension curves of the ankle extensors tend to be broad over a wider range of lengths in M. mephitis than in the cat, (2) the range of lengths at which the ankle extensors are actively used is relatively narrow in both species, (3) as both animals walk faster the working range of the muscles is closer to the maximum in situ length, (4) a broader range of ankle joint angles exists for M. rnephitis than for the cat at which the length—active tension curve and moment arm curve interact to provide maximum or near maximum torque, and (5) in general, the stance phase of the skunk is initiated at muscle lengths (relative to standing length) that are much shorter than those of the cat which may result in greater elastic storage for the cat durine E2.These data coupled with an analysis of gait selection of M. mephitis lead us to conclude that many features of the posture, locomotion and musculoskeletal design of the ankle extensor system of this species are primitive. The cat deviates from the primitive condition to some extent related to its more extreme specialization toward a jumping and sprinting way of life. Nevertheless, the domestic cat is a useful musculoskeletal model for studies concerned with the neural control of mammalian locomotion.
What Kind of Normativity is the Normativity of Grammar?
Authors: Appelqvist Hanne 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe overall goal of this article is to show that aesthetics plays a major role in a debate at the very center of philosophy. Drawing on the work of David Bell, the article spells out how Kant and Wittgenstein use reflective judgment, epitomized by a judgment of beauty, as a key in their respective solutions to the rule‐following problem they share. The more specific goal is to offer a Kantian account of semantic normativity as understood by Wittgenstein. The article argues that Wittgenstein's reason for describing language as a collection of language games is to allow for a perspective that shows those games as internally purposive without any extralinguistic purpose. This perspective also allows for that union of the general rule and its particular application in practice that the original paradox of rule‐following is wanting.
The Square Circle
Authors: Angere Staffan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article shows that there are square circles (or equivalently, round squares) in the sense that there are mathematical objects that are at the same time both perfectly circular and perfectly square. The philosophical significance of this is discussed, especially in view of philosophy's widespread use of “square circle” as a typical example of an impossibility. In particular, the focus is on what the existence of square circles means for the possibility of conceptual analysis, and more generally what we can learn about the nature of non‐formal concepts and their use in philosophy.
A Partial Defence of Descriptive Evidentialism About Intuitions: A Reply to Molyneux
Authors: Andow James 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBernard Molyneux presents some new arguments against descriptive evidentialism about intuitions. Descriptive evidentialism is the thesis that philosophers use intuitions as evidence. Molyneux's arguments are that: (1) the propositions that intuition putatively supports are treated as having a degree and kind of certainty and justification that they could not have got from being intuited; (2) intuitions influence us in ways we cannot explain by supposing we treat them as evidence; and (3) certain strong intuitions that persuade us of their contents are treated as inadmissible in the context of justification. This article presents a partial defence of descriptive evidentialism against these new arguments.
Hemodialysis Treatment Time: As Important as it Seems?
Authors: Daugirdas John T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHemodialysis treatment time and Kt/V can both be considered to be primary measures of hemodialysis adequacy, because when either goes to zero, mortality is certain in patients without residual kidney function. Treatment time is important, but it needs to be adjusted based on surface‐area‐normalized Kt/V, residual kidney function, and expected ultrafiltration rate. Rescaling dose of dialysis measured as Kt/V to body surface area prevents ultrashort dialysis in small patients, women, and children with minimal residual kidney function. Most if not all of the observational studies of associations between outcome and dialysis session length are probably confounded by dose targeting bias. Once adequate Kt/V (taking into account body surface area) has been provided, adequate dialysis time probably is most relevant in terms of limiting the need for a high fluid removal rate. The latter may adversely impact survival by causing recurrent ischemia to cardiovascular and other tissues. There is little high‐quality evidence at this time to support a minimum 4‐hour treatment time for all patients, regardless of body size, solute removal, or residual kidney function. On the other hand, there is little evidence that prolonging weekly treatment time up to 24 hours per week is harmful. The final decision regarding treatment time is best individualized, based on patient acceptability and experience, residual kidney function, body surface‐area‐normalized Kt/V, and expected ultrafiltration rate.
Diagnósticos de enfermería presentes en un recién nacido pretérmino con múltiples comorbilidades
Authors: VALBUENA DURAN LUZ DALIA 
Published: January 2017

<p><strong>RESUMEN:</strong></p><p><strong>Introducción: </strong>La atención del recién nacido pretérmino (RNPT) supone un reto para el personal de enfermería, sugiriendo la estructuración de un plan de atención integral que permita la continuación de las condiciones más parecidas al vientre materno. Esto requiere de un análisis que abarque una valoración y exploración física que permita evaluar los problemas presentes y planear la atención apartir de la valoración por dominios reconociendo las ventajas de esta herramienta, la cual le permite plantear diagnósticos propios de la profesión desde la práctica formativa.<strong> Materiales y Métodos: </strong>Presentación de un caso clínico de un RNPT analizado a través de un formato de valoración por dominios de salud de la Escuela de enfermería de la Universidad Industrial de Santander integrado por los 13 dominios que establece la Taxonomía II de la NANDA y adaptado para el área de pediatría. <strong>Resultados: </strong>El uso del<strong> </strong>proceso de enfermería, en las fases de valoración y diagnostico desde la academia permitió a los estudiantes determinar los dominios alterados en un caso seleccionado, logrando identificar 4 dominios alterados, 9 diagnósticos de enfermería y un diagnóstico principal de acuerdo a las características definitorias evidenciadas en caso de estudio. <strong>Conclusiones:</strong> La valoración por dominios de salud que establece la Taxonomía II de la NANDA permite al estudiante de enfermería realizar una identificación de problemas de salud desde una mirada integral; integrando los componentes teóricos de la valoración física y la realidad de las situaciones clínicas en los RNPT. <strong></strong></p>
El interés de las enfermeras por el alma de los pacientes en proceso de morir: asuntos culturales y espirituales.
Authors: Lopera Betancur Martha Adiela 
Published: January 2017

<p><strong>Resumen</strong>: La muerte tiene diferentes significados para las enfermeras según sus concepciones. <strong>Metodología</strong>. Estudio cualitativo con enfoque etnográfico cuyo objetivo era explorar el significado que tiene para las enfermeras los asuntos culturales y espirituales relacionados con la muerte de los pacientes. Se realizaron 23 entrevistas a enfermeras y aproximadamente 100 horas de observación en un hospital en Medellín, Colombia entre diciembre del 2012 y noviembre del 2013. <strong>Resultados</strong>: El interés por el alma se manifestó como una intención de respetar las concepciones del paciente y sus familiares y sensibilidad hacia los rituales. El proceso de la muerte se enmarca en un choque cultural. <strong>Conclusión</strong>: Las concepciones culturales y religiosas se manifiestan en la práctica diaria de los cuidados al final de la vida. Los rituales buscan dar tranquilidad al paciente y sus familiares en su tránsito hacia la muerte, y que “descanse en paz”. Por esto, los asuntos culturales y religiosos representan un interés por el alma. <strong>Recomendaciones</strong>: el ser cultural de las personas no se pierde con la formación profesional, ni con la enfermedad terminal.</p><p> </p>
Significados da doença, morte e perdão em mulheres com Cancro da mama
Authors: Fonte Carla , Andrade Fátima 
Published: January 2017

<p>Objetivo: Comprender el significado de la enfermedad, la muerte y el perdón en las mujeres con cáncer de mama y las concepciones sobre el futuro después de un diagnóstico de cáncer. Metodo: se desarrolló un enfoque cualitativo, mediante la realización de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con un grupo de ocho mujeres con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama. Las historias personales fueron analizadas utilizando Grounded Análisis para una comprensión integral y en profundidad del significado que los individuos atribuyen a su experiencia de vida. Resultados: indican que un diagnóstico de cáncer de mama tiene un impacto asociado con sentimientos de miedo, fracaso, dependencia y muerte. Para enfrentar el cáncer, la mujer busca construir un nuevo significado en conceptos tales como el perdón, la enfermedad, los sueños para el futuro, tratando de encontrar una redefinición de los roles asignados a él y que busca tener una nueva mirada sobre el sentido de la vida. Conclusiones: los resultados proporcionan indicadores importantes para los profesionales de salud, para entender los cambios y la alteración de significados que se producen en pacientes con cáncer, ya sea a nivel personal causada por la enfermedad y sus tratamientos, o a nivel familiar y social, e intervenir en la confrontación con el alivio del sufrimiento y la muerte. </p>