bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intellectual Property Law, Protection of the Rights, Its Importance in Our Country
Authors: Bejtullahi Drita , Dumi Alba Robert 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Protecting intellectual property is very important in several fields of everyday life, because it has a direct effect on many rights that individuals enjoy in a society. It encourages the development of sciences, arts, computer and cultural inventions, etc. Protecting intellectual property rights means greater productivity, improvement in quality of goods and services, thus making the actors more competitive in the global market. Intellectual property today has become a new discipline with research value, because issues and problems covered by this discipline are increasingly getting a greater theoretical and practical importance. Though there is a serious attempt to treat intellectual property related issues, I find that we are dealing with a great effort to analyze and judge the scientific concepts and notions of intellectual property, its role and importance achieved in today’s stadium of socio-economic development. The point here is to emphasize the overwhelming achievements in the field of intellectual creativity, expressed through great scientific inventions and industrial products. On the other hand, the ever increasing grounds for informality and manipulation, leading to numerous complications and hardships in its legal protection, even possible legislative duplications and vulnerabilities in processing different cases and finding solutions when being faced with real contests.
Negotiation of Agreements with Government Agencies as an Approach for More Space and Opportunities for the Private Sector: The Features of the Albanian Reality
Authors: Balliu Teuta , Spahiu Artan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The negotiation as a conversation process between two or more parties to settle a dispute or to reach an agreement is an efficient method and it requires attention not only from the private sector, but also from the public one. Negotiation is evaluated in two aspects, from the success achieved and the relationship created. The result that the negotiated agreement reaches is more convenient compared to that achieved through unilateral administrative acts. Establishing relationships with local and national government is a necessity for the private sector. This means that the negotiating agreements with various state authorities should be part of their daily tasks. This paper explores some features of the negotiation process, in which public administration is a party and also gives some recommendations on the real possibilities that government agencies can provide to private companies as a way for surviving and being successful in these dynamic and complex market. We mainly focused on agreements between representatives of the tax authorities and the debtor taxpayers, and at the Albanian legislation on public procurement, which provides the possibility of negotiation between the contracting authority and the bidder. From the analysis of the negotiated cases of the customs administration we notice a level of scepticism in the government agencies while negotiating with debtor entities, which is evidenced by the small number of signed agreements. However the effect of these agreements is evident because the paid value is about 50% of the total negotiation value. Arrangements based on installments, remission of penalties or interest, the possibility to compromise and defer the duties payment are some of the recommended programs that may be part of the tax administration′ offer to debtor entities.
Development of Parent-Educator Cooperation in Public Preschool Institutions: Case Study
Authors: Ferizi-Shala Rozafa 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study addresses the issue of cooperation between parents and educators in public preschool institutions in Kosovo. Cooperation is a process developed by both sides and the educator and parents should contribute consistently on it. The purpose of the study is to see how communication takes place between parents and preschool institutions and identification of the extent of involvement of parents in order to create a stable cooperation with the institution. Data were collected through questionnaires, distributed to parents who had their children enrolled in preschool institutions from the age of 5-6 years old. The participation of parents in the study was on voluntary bases. From the result analyses it was noticed that parents are more involved in activities requiring for their assistance and indirect help while the active participation of the family in all forms of work organization in preschool institutions is not very evident. The overall findings of this study encourage preschool institutions to develop a comprehensive plan for greater involvement of family in the work developed within the institution, and for parents as well to increase the level of interest in the work taking place in preschool institutions.
The 21st Century Skills in Online Multiliteracies Project Approach (eMULPA): Learners’ Reflections on their Knowledge Processes
Authors: Ali Suraini Mohd , Harun Haliza , Massari Norhaili , Puteh-Behak Fariza , Darmi Ramiaida , Mahir Normazla Ahmad , Selamat Suzana , Hamid Yurni Emilia Abd. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
There is a misconception that 21st century education is all about using the right online tools. However, the premise of 21st century education requires the integration of relevant content, skills and instructional support to enhance knowledge processes in line with the requirement of 21st century learning to arrive at meaningful learning experience and not merely the use of online tools. To enhance the integration, an Online Multiliteracies Project Approach (eMULPA) framework is designed by incorporating teachers’ presence, online tools, learning materials, collaborative efforts while fulfilling the syllabus requirement so that the interconnectedness in these elements would give learners a learning experince that is worthwhile and meaningful. The framework which encompases the knowledge processes: exploration, contexualization, investigation, delibration and consolidation is expected to assist learners to have meaningful learning. This paper focuses on the learners’experiences while undergoing the knowledge processes in eMULPA. Data collection tools were interviews, teaching documents and learners’ reflective journals. For this paper, only data from learners’ reflective journal were drawn, coded for themes and explicated because reflective journal is one of the reliable means to gather information on the metacognitive processes undergone by learners. The preliminary findings demonstrated learners’ have undergone meaningful learning experiences through the eMULPA knowledge processes higlighted above. Thus, the implementation of eMULPA is expected to assist learners to acquire the 21st century skills.
An Empirical Research on the Correlation between Human Capital and Career Success: Serbian and Macedonian Banking Sector
Authors: Boshkov Tatjana , Bishev Gligor , Rađenović Zarko , Zezova Aleksandra 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Understanding the impact of human capital on the achievement of career success is essential for each individual in turbulent times on the labor market. Banking sector also is human capital intensive and plays a critical role for the banks in meeting their goals and offering services to its clients. In the current era of technology, globalization and the general progress principles of "knowledge economy" are ruling. So, each individual in the labor market who wants to build own career, should work on continuous improvement of human capital. This helps their recognition in the increasingly competitive labor market, which eliminates "weak players" since their inability to adapt the modern trends and staff needs. The paper determines that human resource management (HRM) in banking sector must embrace strategic human resource planning programs with all banks strategy. This underlines the essential meaning of designing an effective recruitment policy with these strategies as formulation and implementation of active reward policy. Also, banks should include more active training and development for employees. This paper presents a statistical analysis of the correlation mentioned categories, based on 474 employees, in Serbian and Macedonian banking sector. Analyses such as Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test and linear regression, proving the significance impact of the development of employees' human capital on career success, viewed through different hierarchical positions in a particular sector.
Issues in Malaria Communication in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Okpoko Chinwe C. , Aniwada Elias C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Communication plays an important part in health promotion. Malaria affects millions of people worldwide, and is a major health challenge in Africa. This study seeks to determine the health communication interventions so far used on malaria, find out what has been achieved and suggest the way forward. The study adopted a descriptive survey design, along with documents to address the subject matter. The target population consists of all the people in Enugu metropolis with study population comprising healthcare providers, patients and the general public drawn from Enugu metropolis. Purposive sampling technique was employed in the selection of 130 respondents that were studied. Questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test of independence were used to analyze the data. About 93.8% of the respondents were aware of the interventions on malaria. They have a good knowledge of available interventions on malaria: ITNs (86.2%), IRS (51%), and IPT (20%). The distribution of media friendly intervention was highest for ITN, (47.6%) followed by IRS (26.7%). Also IPT are not only rarely (29.6%) aired and /or received, but also never (30.3%) publicized or received. Interventions on malaria were not independent of mass media interventions (p= 0.007) while the degree of awareness of malaria is independent on the communication avenues (p= 0.378). Health interventions and policy framework to address malaria in Nigeria are available. However, there is need for audience-specific communication and attitudinal change to ensure improved uptake.
Jokowi’s Political Communication in Jakarta Governor Election to Win Age-Based Voters
Authors: Susanto Eko Harry 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Jakarta governor election year 2012 - 2017, became one of the benchmarks of political dynamics in Indonesia. In strict competition on the first round of gubernatorial elections, followed by the six candidates for governor and Deputy Governor. But because there was no candidates that reached at least 50 percent + 1 vote, the election of the second round were conducted, followed by Fauzi Bowo - Nachrowi Ramli, and the candidates Joko Widodo - Basuki Tjahaja Purnama. The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of political communication and the characteristics of voters, voter orientation based on age, and analyse the main contributor voter for Jokowi. This study uses a qualitative methodology, to describe the collected data about political communication in the gubernatorial election. The findings of this study is that there are different patterns of political communication between candidates couple for governor when interacting to confront with voters based on productive age in the community. But substantively, pragmatic group was 30-39 years, and the X generation of 17-29-year-old was the determination of Jokowi’s winning as Jakarta governor.
News Media Exposure and Political Communication among Libyan Elites at the Time of War
Authors: Ziani Abdul-Karim , Elareshi Mokhtar , Al-Jaber Khalid 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Many critical questions concerning the relationship between the news media and political knowledge involve the extent to which the media facilitate learning about news, war and politics. Political awareness - via the news media - affects virtually every aspect of citizens’ political attitudes and behaviours. This paper examines how Libyan elites adopt the news media to access news and information regarding the current Libyan war and politics and how they use political communication and new media to build/spread political awareness. With the expansion of private and state-owned television in Libya, concern has grown that these new TV services will survive in providing information about citizens’ interests, including the new, developing political scene. A total of 134 highly educated Libyan professionals completed an online survey, reporting their perceptions of issues covered by national TV services. This account centres on how those elites consume the media and what level of trust they have in the media and in information and what the role of the media in their country should be. The results show that most respondents, especially those who live outside the country, prefer using different Libyan news platforms. However, 50 per cent of these do not trust these channels as a source of information regarding the civil war, associated conflicts and politics in general. They have grown weary of coverage that represents the interests of those who run or own the services and consequently place little trust in the media. Spreading ‘lies as facts’ has affected the credibility of these services. Politically, these respondents wish the media to discuss solutions and act as a force for good, not for division. They also differed in the number and variety of national news sources that they reportedly used. This paper also highlights the role of social media, mobile telephony and the Internet, as well as the rapidly proliferating private and national media. These findings are also discussed in relation to the growing impact of online sources in Libyan society, social and political change and the emergence of new media platforms as new sources of information.
Linguistic Features of Internally-Focalised Discourse in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s Matigari
Authors: Amoussou Yémalo C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper applies the systemic functional linguistic theories of mood and transitivity to about 40 strings of internally-focalized discourse from Ngũgĩ’s Matigari (1987) to uncover the major characteristics of this form of discourse in this particular work and to see, when applied to others, how consistent they might be. Not only do the findings confirm the indicators of this form of discourse as expounded by narrative theorists such as Uspensky (1973), Barthes (1974), Genette (1980), Rimmon-Kenan (1983) and Fowler (1986), but they also add that the choice of character can greatly influence these features.
Frame Semantics in the Arabic Translation of Philosophical Terminology
Authors: Hassan Bahaa-eddin A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine how philosophical terms are translated into Arabic. It aims at discussing the problems arising from the epistemological difference between Western philosophical terms and their counterparts in Arabic in the degree of reliance on cognitive frames. It focuses on the structure of terminological knowledge bases, which have a hidden network of semantic relations. Examples of the study are taken from the specialized encyclopedia of Abdel Rahman Badawi (1996). The study utilizes Frame-Based Terminology Theory to analyze the translation of the philosophical terms in the encyclopedia. The study argues that difficulties in translating philosophical terms represent epistemological barriers.
A Comparative Analysis (SWOT) of Technical Intervention Plans Carried Out in Sistani House and Payambar Mosque of Bam Citadel
Authors: Rouhi Jafar , Aveta Aldo , Marino Bianca Gioia 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Payambar Mosque and Sistani House are two best-preserved monuments of Bam citadel, which suffered severe destruction by the 2003 Bam earthquake. After Bam earthquake, as a part of the national and international efforts for reconstruction of some of the key properties of Bam Citadel, the Iranian experts from RPBCH and Dresden Technical University of Germany, respectively have contributed comprehensive intervention plans for Payambar Mosque and Sistani House. The central idea of these two proposed plans were to find a sensitive balance between the demands of the two adobe world cultural heritage properties and the demands of modern retrofitting techniques in an area with high seismic activity. However, each group through using some new technical methods, which had similarity in manners and differences in employed materials, tried to meet the stability of these adobe monuments. Since by performing a SWOT analysis between the related projects or intervention plans with a common goal, looking at their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, we can compare the results, it would help us to know which procedure can be considered as an ideal method for similar projects in the future. Therefore, in this paper, to get a better insight about the effectiveness of those intervention plans implemented, a comparative analysis (SWOT) as an organization's strategic planning tool is considered for comparison scale.
The Perception of the City as a Growth Machine and Space of Flows
Authors: Rusta Ana 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Two of the main features of the city over the last 50 years include intense urbanization and large scale growth. These two phenomena have produced new social, political and economical dynamics that have radicalized our understanding of the city. Many disciplines, among which urban sociology, are facing a crisis of old paradigms to explain these innovations. Consequently, contemporary urban sociology has articulated two new paradigms that try to explain and analyze the new processes of global urbanization. In the view of new models of urban growth, under intense globalization process, these phenomena are completely renovating the perception of the city under the models of a growth machine and the space of flows. These two views attempt to explain and understand the dynamic growth and changes in contemporary cities. In this essay we will put expose a critical analysis of the city as a growth machine and space of flows of the most important authors that unfold a latest development of the city in contemporary conditions. The main authors whose work will be addressed here are Harvey Molotch and Manuel Castells. Molotch reveals a new perception of the city as a growth machine that is based on the terms of strong economic urban development, while Castells introduces the notion of "network city" and "space of flows" for a new social structure to explain the complexity of connection within and between the cities (global cities). Under the new conditions, the perception of the city is understood as the space of flows that create global networks and new forms of interaction.
Learning Styles and Self-regulation: An Associational Study on High School Students in Iran
Authors: Safari Ehsan , Hejazi Mahshid 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Self-regulation plays an important role in academic circumstances. If a learner wants to be called a self-regulated person, he or she should independently plan, monitor, and evaluate his or her own learning. Some students possess these properties subconsciously and some others do not. This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between different learning styles and self-regulation on the third grade high school students in Mashhad. The participants were 155 high school students. The Data collection instruments which were used in this study were Kolb’s learning styles questionnaire (LSI) (1976) and Pintrich, & De Groot (1990) self-regulation inventory. They were used to examine the relationship between the four learning styles that are converging, diverging, assimilating, and accommodating with the participants’ self-regulation. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between each learning style and self-regulation. They also showed that the participants who practiced converging and assimilating learning styles were more self-regulated as compared with those who practiced diverging and accommodating learning styles.
Influence of Self-Regulatory Policy of Auditing Profession on Audit Expectation Gap: A Qualitative Methodological Approach
Authors: Onulaka Paul N. , Samy Martin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This study examined the influence of self-regulation of auditing profession on audit expectation gap (AEG) in Nigeria with particular reference to respective perceptions of audit partners and pension fund administrators. The motivation for embarking on this exploratory research is born out of many years concern over the speedy erosion of confidence in the auditing profession after the collapse of many blue chip companies in Nigeria to which the external auditors were given ‘clean bill of health’ shortly before their demise. The theoretical framework adopted for this study was role theory propagated by Porter in her earlier study. This study also adopts the interpretivist or post-positivist epistemological approach. As exploratory study, semi-structured face-to-interview method was used for data collection. After the transcription of the recorded tape, a thematic data analysis method was used to analyse the data. The outcome of the study indicates that self-regulatory policy influenced the auditing standard setting. It was also found that some outdated provisions in the Nigerian company Act on appointment, remuneration and removal of external auditors contributed largely to audit expectation gap in Nigeria. This research responds to the need for a government intervention on auditing standard setting and establishment of transparently independent oversight body for auditing standard setting distinct from the present Financial Reporting Council that adopt auditing standards produced by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria.
The Relationship Between Arch Height and Arch Flexibility
Authors: Zifchock Rebecca Avrin , Theriot Christal , Hillstrom Howard J. , Song Jinsup , Neary Michael 
Published: February 2017

Background:The correlation between arch structure and injury may be related to the fact that foot structure influences foot function. Foot structure is often defined by arch height, although arch flexibility may be just as important to form a more complete description. We propose an arch flexibility classification system, analogous to arch height classification, and then use the classification system to examine the relationship between arch flexibility and arch height.Methods:Arch height index was calculated in 1,124 incoming military cadets, of whom 1,056 had usable data. By measuring arch height during both sitting and standing, a measurement of arch flexibility could also be calculated. These values were used to create five arch flexibility categories: very stiff, stiff, neutral, flexible, and very flexible. The distribution of arch flexibility types among arch height categories was statistically compared.Results:The goodness of fit test showed a disproportionate number of each arch flexibility type in each of the arch height categories (P &lt; .01). The largest proportion of cavus feet was very stiff and the smallest proportion was very flexible. Conversely, the largest proportion of planus feet was very flexible and the smallest proportion was very stiff.Conclusions:The results of this research support the common belief that cavus feet tend to be very stiff and planus feet tend to be very flexible.