bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Patient Experience With Insulin Infusion Sets
Authors: Evert Alison B. , Bode Bruce W. , Buckingham Bruce A. , Nardacci Elizabeth , Verderese Carol A. , Wolff-McDonagh Phyllis , Walsh John , Hirsch Irl B. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose Insulin infusion sets (IISs) are an essential component of safe and effective insulin pump therapy. Establishing best practices for their use has been impeded by a lack of formal study and limited resources for clinician and patient education. Recent innovations in IIS science promise to change this status quo by increasing awareness of such problems as unexplained hyperglycemia and infusion set occlusion. Methods In August 2015, a panel of diabetologists and certified diabetes educators from various disciplines was convened to reconsider IIS-related complications of pump therapy, to better characterize infusion set factors affecting patient experience, and to update priorities for optimizing current technologies. Actionable guidelines were provided for addressing common issues, including skin reactions, site rotation and set changes, dislodgment of the infusion set, and partial or complete blockage of the catheter. These issues may underlie episodes of IIS failure and/or unexplained hyperglycemia. Conclusion Development of practical tools and standardized guidelines for empowering patients to prevent, diagnose, and troubleshoot IIS problems that contribute to unexplained hyperglycemia will be necessary to realize the full benefit of insulin pump therapy along the continuum of diabetes education.
Recurrent Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of The Trachea: Intraluminal Radiotherapy
Authors: Price John C. , Percarpio Bernard , Murphy Patrick W. , Henderson Robert L. 
Published: April 2016

Malignant neoplasms of the trachea are rare lesions, of which adenoid cystic carcinoma constitutes 30%. A case of extensive tumor recurrent after primary radiotherapy is presented. Surgical resection and radioisotope implantation were impossible. A method was devised for placement of intraluminal iridium 192 by casting six small hollow plastic tubes to the outer circumference of a Silastic endotracheal tube. This was an easy, safe, and effective method of delivering radiation to the trachea while sparing other vital structures and organs. Excellent tumor response and palliation were achieved.The literature is reviewed and the problems in diagnosis of this tumor are discussed. A comprehensive plan for early diagnosis is presented. All current methods of treatment are discussed, and the need for aggressive surgical management is stressed.
The Two‐Stage Concept of Rhytidectomy
Authors: Kamer Frank M. 
Published: April 2016

The two‐stage concept is a plan for the management of rhytidectomy patients. Preoperatively, all patients are told that they may need a minor secondary temporal tuck‐up procedure 6 to 12 months after surgical treatment. Although only 20% of patients require this secondary surgical procedure, the possibility of its need encourages all patients to return for follow‐up and removes a source of patient discontent.The indications for the secondary procedure are significant gravitational jowling and malar sagging developing 6 to 12 months after the primary surgical treatment. The technique is described in detail.
Correlation of Preoperative Immunologic Test Results with Recurrence in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ryan Robert E. , Neel H. Bryan , Ritts Roy E. 
Published: April 2016

Numbers and percentages of T and B cells in peripheral blood; blastogenic responses to PHA, Con A, and PWM; and serum levels of albumin, total protein, and IgA were assessed in patients with stages I to III operable squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive passageways in the head and neck.The patients were categorized into two groups: those who remained tumor free and those in whom cancer recurred. It was found that pretreatment PHA‐ and Con A‐induced blastogenesis was often depressed in patients in whom clinically apparent recurrences developed regardless of stage or nodal involvement. This point is consistent with the idea that cellular immune function (blastogenesis) can identify, within the clinical staging system (TN), subpopulations of patients who are less likely to survive after conventional therapy.
Treatment of Tinnitus with Tocainide Hydrochloride
Authors: Emmett John R. , Shea John J. 
Published: April 2016

Intravenous (IV) injection of lidocaine was used in patients with tinnitus for combined treatment with oral anticonvulsants carbamazepine (Tegretol) and primidone (Mysoline). In most cases, the high complication rate with these drugs precluded their long‐term use. Tocainide hydrochloride (HCI), a primary amine analog of lidocaine, can be taken orally and was evaluated for the use in the treatment of tinnitus. A double‐blind study in which one group received 200 mg tocainide HCI four times a day and one group received a placebo revealed no significant differences in tinnitus relief between the two groups. A single‐blind study in which 600 mg tocainide HCI four times a day was administered showed 80% to 90% tinnitus relief in five of the six patients who tolerated the drug. Tocainide HCI treatment of tinnitus is promising.
Malignant Change of Laryngeal Papillomas: A Case Report
Authors: Keim Robert J. 
Published: April 2016

A major controversy surrounding juvenile papilloma is whether or not these lesions ever spontaneously undergo malignant change. One view contends that malignant change never takes place unless the lesion is irradiated.Presented is a 22‐year‐old man who suddenly develops features of extensive malignant invasion of his neck and mediastinum but has no history of irradiation.
The Prognostic Value of round Window Electrical Stimulation in Cochlear Implant Patients
Authors: Waltzman Susan B. , Cohen Noel L. , Shapiro William H. , Hoffman Ronald A. 
Published: April 2016

The use of preoperative round window stimulation has been advocated for its possible predictive value in cochlear implant patients. We have attempted to correlate cause of deafness, preoperative radiologic study, and postoperative stimulability and performance with preoperative stimulation. Round window stimulation procedures consisted of measurements of electrical thresholds and comfort levels, gap detection, and temporal difference limen. Radiologic studies were performed using high‐resolution computerized seml‐axial and coronal tomography with 1.5‐millimeter overlapping cuts. Patient performance was measured using a standard audiologic test battery. Sixteen postlingually, profoundly deaf adults who received the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant were studied. All 16 patients who responded to preoperative stimulation had acceptable CT scans for the ear operated on and stimulated postoperatively with the prosthesis. The lowest level at which a patient could reliably detect a gap between two signals ranged from 10 to 150 milliseconds, which was not predictive. For the temporal difference limen task, the patients who could reliably identify the longer of two pulses when the difference was less than 100 milliseconds did achieve varying amounts of open‐set speech discrimination postoperatively. In summary, results indicate that the preoperative psychoacoustic electrical stimulation test battery provides useful information in predicting postoperative performance.
Acoustic Neuroma: A Cost‐Effective Approach
Authors: Welling D. Bradley , Glasscock Michael E. , Woods Charles I. , Jackson C. Gary 
Published: April 2016

A cost‐effective approach to the diagnosis and treatment of acoustic neuromas continues to evolve as diagnostic methods improve. In the past 7 months, since gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become available in our practice, our screening and presurgical workup has changed. The purpose of this article is to outline the current philosophy of the senior authors in relation to acoustic neuroma management on the basis of 72 patients diagnosed from July 1988 to February 1989. With more sensitive diagnostic means, older less sensitive studies may be eliminated from the routine workup, thus maintaining cost‐effectiveness while preserving the highest standard of patient care. The body of this article will review our current use of the many available diagnostic options and emphasize a cost‐effective approach.
Early gold weight eyelid implantation for facial paralysis
Authors: Kartush Jack M. , Linstrom Christopher J. , McCann Peter M. , Graham Malcolm D. 
Published: April 2016

Facial paralysis can result in serious keratopathy because of corneal exposure and inadequate lacrimation. Thirty‐seven patients underwent thirty‐eight gold weight upper lid implants to rehabilitate paralysis of the eyelid from various causes. When indicated, implantation was combined with lower lid ectropion repair, medial canthoplasty, or brow lift. Because of encouraging results in patients with longstanding facial paralysis, “early” implantation (within 1 month of paralysis) was offered to patients with severe lagophthalmos in whom (1) a severe neural injury was documented at the time of transtemporal surgery or (2) delayed, incomplete return of function was expected. Gold weight implantation resulted in excellent eyelid closure, protection, and cosmesis. There were no infections or extrusions. Lagophthalmos and exposure keratitis resolved or were significantly improved in all patients, and most were able to dispense with eyedrops and salves. Visual acuity improved in 95% of patients—a benefit even those without preoperative keratitis often achieved. A mild worsening of one patient's pre‐existing astigmatism developed, which resolved after reimplantation with a lighter weight. The implant is easily removed from those patients who, having undergone early implantation, eventually recover adequate function. Gold weight loading has become our procedure of choice for eyelid rehabilitation.
India’s Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS): Wages, Reservation Wages and Programme Participation in Chitradurga District of Karnataka
Authors: Sridhar Kala Seetharam , Reddy A.V. 
Published: April 2016

We evaluate India’s Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS). Using data from extensive primary surveys of MGNREGS beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries in Chitradurga district of Karnataka, we find that women tended to benefit more from the programme. This is a major MGNREGS contribution because women have always been paid less than men in farms and construction sites. The wages NREGS beneficiaries got were well below their asking wages (which was ₹ 207 a day), being only ₹ 98 a day on an average. The estimation of reservation wages shows that higher current wages increase reservation wages. The elasticity of reservation wage with respect to work experience is negative. We use a two-step regression model to understand the determinants of participation in the programme and of NREGS wages. We conclude that the programme has had a favourable impact on reducing rural poverty.
Anticoagulation Control in Swiss Primary Care: Time in Therapeutic Range Percentages Exceed Benchmarks of Phase III Trials
Authors: Djalali Sima , Valeri Fabio , Gerber Bernhard , Meli Damian N. , Senn Oliver 
Published: April 2016

Background: In randomized controlled trials, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) demonstrated noninferiority to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients who spent limited time in therapeutic range (TTR). In real-life patients, TTR is known to vary significantly across countries and health-care settings. Objective: We aim to evaluate the quality of VKA treatment in Swiss primary care (PC) by comparing patients’ median TTR to levels achieved in the phase III NOAC trials RE-LY, ROCKET-AF, ARISTOTLE, and ENGAGE-AF-TIMI 48. Patient characteristics affecting TTR control shall be estimated. Methods: This is a retrospective longitudinal study in Swiss PC patients receiving VKA for ≥6 months. We identified patients from the PC research database FIRE (Family medicine International Classification of Primary Care Research using Electronic medical records) and calculated TTR according to Rosendaal formula. Comparative data from NOAC trials were retrieved from medical literature. Linear regression models were used to assess predictors of TTR. Results: Primary care encounters of 215 patients were analyzed. Like in the NOAC trials, median observation period was 2.2 years, but patients were older (67.9% vs 38% ≥75 years) and differed in terms of concomitant diseases and drugs. Median TTR was 75% (65% in the NOAC trials). Female sex was independently associated with a lower TTR and significantly modified by increasing age. Conclusion: Practitioners should consider that patients in NOAC trials are only partly representative of PC patients, particularly in terms of TTR control. Only a minority of the observed patients would require a therapy switch to NOACs due to inadequate TTR. Further research is needed in order to identify specific features of care management that are associated with these outcomes.
Contribution of different relapse phenotypes to disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Stewart Tamasine , Spelman Tim , Havrdova Eva , Horakova Dana , Trojano Maria , Izquierdo Guillermo , Duquette Pierre , Girard Marc , Prat Alexandre , Lugaresi Alessandra , Grand’Maison Francois , Grammond Pierre , Sola Patrizia , Shaygannejad Vahid , Hupperts Raymond , Alroughani Raed , Oreja-Guevara Celia , Pucci Eugenio , Boz Cavit , Lechner-Scott Jeannette , Bergamaschi Roberto , Van Pesch Vincent , Iuliano Gerardo , Ramo Cristina , Taylor Bruce , Slee Mark , Spitaleri Daniele , Granella Franco , Verheul Freek , McCombe Pamela , Hodgkinson Suzanne , Amato Maria Pia , Vucic Steve , Gray Orla , Cristiano Edgardo , Barnett Michael , Sanchez Menoyo Jose Luis , van Munster Erik , Saladino Maria Laura , Olascoaga Javier , Prevost Julie , Deri Norma , Shaw Cameron , Singhal Bhim , Moore Fraser , Rozsa Csilla , Shuey Neil , Skibina Olga , Kister Ilya , Petkovska-Boskova Tatjana , Ampapa Radek , Kermode Allan , Butzkueven Helmut , Jokubaitis Vilija , Kalincik Tomas ,   on behalf of the MSBase Study Group
Published: April 2016

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of relapse phenotype on disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis. Methods: Analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted in 19,504 patients with relapse-onset multiple sclerosis and minimum 1-year prospective follow-up from the MSBase cohort study. Multivariable linear regression models assessed associations between relapse incidence, phenotype and changes in disability (quantified with Expanded Disability Status Scale and its Functional System scores). Sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: In 34,858 relapses recorded during 136,462 patient-years (median follow-up 5.9 years), higher relapse incidence was associated with greater disability accumulation (β = 0.16, p < 0.001). Relapses of all phenotypes promoted disability accumulation, with the most pronounced increase associated with pyramidal (β = 0.27 (0.25–0.29)), cerebellar (β = 0.35 (0.30–0.39)) and bowel/bladder (β = 0.42 (0.35–0.49)) phenotypes (mean (95% confidence interval)). Higher incidence of each relapse phenotype was associated with an increase in disability in the corresponding neurological domain, as well as anatomically related domains. Conclusion: Relapses are associated with accumulation of neurological disability. Relapses in pyramidal, cerebellar and bowel/bladder systems have the greatest association with disability change. Therefore, prevention of these relapses is an important objective of disease-modifying therapy. The differential impact of relapse phenotypes on disability outcomes could influence management of treatment failure in multiple sclerosis.
Diagnosis of hearing loss using automated audiometry in an asynchronous telehealth model: A pilot accuracy study
Authors: Brennan-Jones Christopher G , Eikelboom Robert H , Swanepoel De Wet 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Standard criteria exist for diagnosing different types of hearing loss, yet audiologists interpret audiograms manually. This pilot study examined the feasibility of standardised interpretations of audiometry in a telehealth model of care. The aim of this study was to examine diagnostic accuracy of automated audiometry in adults with hearing loss in an asynchronous telehealth model using pre-defined diagnostic protocols. Materials and methods We recruited 42 study participants from a public audiology and otolaryngology clinic in Perth, Western Australia. Manual audiometry was performed by an audiologist either before or after automated audiometry. Diagnostic protocols were applied asynchronously for normal hearing, disabling hearing loss, conductive hearing loss and unilateral hearing loss. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were conducted using a two-by-two matrix and Cohen’s kappa was used to measure agreement. Results The overall sensitivity for the diagnostic criteria was 0.88 (range: 0.86–1) and overall specificity was 0.93 (range: 0.86–0.97). Overall kappa ( k) agreement was ‘substantial’ k = 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.89) and significant at p < 0.001. Discussion Pre-defined diagnostic protocols applied asynchronously to automated audiometry provide accurate identification of disabling, conductive and unilateral hearing loss. This method has the potential to improve synchronous and asynchronous tele-audiology service delivery.
Failure of distal biceps repair by gapping
Authors: Rashid Abbas , Copas David , Watts Adam C 
Published: April 2016

Background We describe the clinical, radiological and surgical findings of failed distal biceps repair by gapping and report the functional outcomes following revision repair. Methods A retrospective review of five consecutive patients was conducted. Patients presented with radial-sided forearm pain after their distal biceps fixation. All patients had less than 5 cm of retraction of the biceps muscle belly, a palpable tendon although the manoeuvre was painful with weakness on resisted supination. Flexed abducted supinated magnetic resonance imaging (FABS MRI) showed a gap between the distal end of the tendon and the footprint on the radial tuberosity. Results Mean FEA score at presentation was 44/100 (35 to 49). Mean time to re-operation was 18 months (range 4 months to 36 months). At revision, the distal end of the tendon was retracted and not making contact with the bone. All cases were revised to an in-bone endobutton repair. Mean postoperative Functional Elbow Assessment (FEA) scores undertaken at a mean of 14 months (range 5 months to 22 months) after revision improved to 95/100 (90 to 100). Conclusions Patients presenting with persistent radial sided forearm pain and weakness on provocative testing after distal biceps repair with a seemingly intact repair should be investigated with FABS MRI to look for evidence of failure of repair by gapping. Revision repair with an anatomic in-bone technique can lead to good results.
Dorsally located corneal dermoid in a cat
Authors: LoPinto Alexander J , Pirie Chris G , Huynh Thanhthao , Beamer Gillian 
Published: April 2016

Case summary A 2-month-old, male kitten was presented for evaluation of unilateral blepharospasm and epiphora involving the right eye. Ocular examination revealed conjunctivitis, a superficial corneal ulcer, reflex anterior uveitis and a haired mass within the dorsal cornea of the right eye. The mass was subsequently removed surgically via a lamellar keratectomy. Histologic evaluation of the mass via light microscopy revealed it to be comprised of normal-haired skin with mild inflammation. One week after surgical removal and medical management of the corneal ulcer, all ocular clinical signs had resolved with minimal corneal scarring. On re-examination 6 months following surgical excision of the mass, the kitten was noted to be comfortable with no significant corneal scarring. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a dorsally located corneal dermoid in a cat.
The Neurological Sleep Index: A suite of new sleep scales for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mills RJ , Tennant A , Young CA 
Published: April 2016

Objective The objective of this study was to develop patient-reported outcome measures for sleep dysfunction and sleepiness in multiple sclerosis (MS), since there are currently no MS-specific measurement tools for these clinically important entities. Methods Items were generated from semi-structured interviews followed by cognitive debrief. A 42-item pool was administered to patients with MS at three neuroscience centres in the UK. Comparator scales were co-administered. Constructs were validated by Rasch analysis, guided by initial exploratory factor analysis. Results There were two supraordinate qualitative themes of diurnal sleepiness and non-restorative nocturnal sleep. Rasch analysis on 722 records produced three scales, which corresponded to diurnal sleepiness, non-restorative nocturnal sleep and fragmented nocturnal sleep. All had excellent fit parameters, were unidimensional and were free from differential item functioning. A summed raw score cut-point of 31/48 in the Diurnal Sleepiness Scale equated to the standard cut-point of 10 on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Conclusion Three high-quality measurement scales were developed, and together they compose the Neurological Sleep Index for MS (NSI-MS). The Diurnal Sleepiness Scale might provide an alternative to the ESS. The Non-Restorative Nocturnal Sleep Scale and the Fragmented Nocturnal Sleep Scale appear to be the only such measures for use in MS.
Adult hematopoietic stem cells lacking Hif-1α self-renew normally
Authors: Vukovic Milica , Sepulveda Catarina , Subramani Chithra , Guitart Amélie V. , Mohr Jasmine , Allen Lewis , Panagopoulou Theano I. , Paris Jasmin , Lawson Hannah , Villacreces Arnaud , Armesilla-Diaz Alejandro , Gezer Deniz , Holyoake Tessa L. , Ratcliffe Peter J. , Kranc Kamil R. 
Published: April 2016

Key Points
Hif-1α is dispensable for cell-autonomous HSC survival. HSCs do not require intrinsic Hif-1α to respond to hematopoietic injury.
A computational method for designing diverse linear epitopes including citrullinated peptides with desired binding affinities to intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Patro Rob , Norel Raquel , Prill Robert J. , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Lorenz Peter , Steinbeck Felix , Ziems Bjoern , Luštrek Mitja , Barbarini Nicola , Tiengo Alessandra , Bellazzi Riccardo , Thiesen Hans-Jürgen , Stolovitzky Gustavo , Kingsford Carl 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
Understanding the interactions between antibodies and the linear epitopes that they recognize is an important task in the study of immunological diseases. We present a novel computational method for the design of linear epitopes of specified binding affinity to Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg).

Results
We show that the method, called Pythia-design can accurately design peptides with both high-binding affinity and low binding affinity to IVIg. To show this, we experimentally constructed and tested the computationally constructed designs. We further show experimentally that these designed peptides are more accurate that those produced by a recent method for the same task. Pythia-design is based on combining random walks with an ensemble of probabilistic support vector machines (SVM) classifiers, and we show that it produces a diverse set of designed peptides, an important property to develop robust sets of candidates for construction. We show that by combining Pythia-design and the method of (PloS ONE 6(8):23616, 2011), we are able to produce an even more accurate collection of designed peptides. Analysis of the experimental validation of Pythia-design peptides indicates that binding of IVIg is favored by epitopes that contain trypthophan and cysteine.

Conclusions
Our method, Pythia-design, is able to generate a diverse set of binding and non-binding peptides, and its designs have been experimentally shown to be accurate.