bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Progression of Intracranial Arteriopathies in Childhood Stroke With Vessel Wall Imaging
Authors: Stence Nicholas V. , Pabst Lisa L. , Hollatz Amanda L. , Mirsky David M. , Herson Paco S. , Poisson Sharon , Traystman Richard J. , Bernard Timothy J. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Purpose—
Childhood arterial ischemic stroke is frequently associated with an intracranial arteriopathy that often progresses in the first 3 to 6 months post stroke. We hypothesized that children with enhancing arteriopathies on vessel wall imaging (VWI) would have a higher risk of arteriopathy progression than those without enhancement.

Methods—
Our institutional radiographic database was searched for cases of childhood stroke with VWI. Inclusion criteria consisted of age ranging from 1 month through 20 years, diagnosis of arterial ischemic stroke, available VWI, and follow-up magnetic resonance angiogram. Imaging was reviewed to systematically describe VWI findings, categorize arteriopathies, steroid therapy, and identify progressive arteriopathies using CACADE definitions.

Results—

Sixteen cases of childhood stroke at Children’s Hospital Colorado between January 1, 2010 and July 1, 2016 were reviewed. Strong vessel wall enhancement at presentation was associated with progressive arteriopathy in 83% of cases (10/12), when compared with 0% (0/4) without strong enhancement (
P
=0.008).

Conclusions—
Our case series demonstrates the potential benefit of VWI in children with stroke because it may identify patients who will have progressive arterial disease.
Safety Outcomes After Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Recent Stroke
Authors: Merkler Alexander E. , Salehi Omran Setareh , Gialdini Gino , Lerario Michael P. , Yaghi Shadi , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Navi Babak B. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Purpose—
It is uncertain whether previous ischemic stroke within 3 months of receiving intravenous thrombolysis (tPA [tissue-type plasminogen activator]) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes.

Methods—
Using administrative claims data, we identified adults with AIS who received intravenous tPA at California, New York, and Florida hospitals from 2005 to 2013. Our primary outcome was intracerebral hemorrhage, and our secondary outcomes were unfavorable discharge disposition and inpatient mortality. We used logistic regression to compare rates of outcomes in patients with and without previous ischemic stroke within 3 months of intravenous tPA for AIS.

Results—

We identified 36 599 AIS patients treated with intravenous tPA, of whom 568 (1.6%) had a previous ischemic stroke in the past 3 months. Of all patients who received intravenous tPA, the rate of intracerebral hemorrhage was 4.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.7%–5.1%), and death occurred in 10.7% (95% CI, 10.4%–11.0%). After adjusting for demographics, vascular risk factors, and the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, previous ischemic stroke within 3 months of thrombolysis for AIS was not associated with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (odds ratio, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.6–1.4;
P
=0.62), but was associated with an increased risk of death (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2–1.9;
P
=0.001) and unfavorable discharge disposition (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0–1.7;
P
=0.04).

Conclusions—
Among patients who receive intravenous tPA for AIS, recent ischemic stroke is not associated with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage but is associated with a higher risk of death and unfavorable discharge disposition.
Balanced Response of an Axisymmetric Tropical Cyclone to Periodic Diurnal Heating
Authors: Navarro Erika L. , Hakim Gregory J. , Willoughby Hugh E. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A modified version of the Sawyer–Eliassen equation is applied to determine the impact of periodic diurnal heating on a balanced vortex. The TC diurnal cycle is a coherent signal that arises in the cirrus canopy. However, despite thorough documentation in the literature, the dynamical mechanism remains unknown. Recent work demonstrates that periodic radiative heating in the TC outflow layer is linked with an anomalous upper-level circulation; this heating is also associated with a cycle of latent heating in the lower troposphere that corresponds to a cycle in storm intensity. Using a method that is analogous to the Sawyer–Eliassen equation, but for solutions having the same time scale as time-periodic forcing, these distributions are analyzed to determine the effect of periodic diurnal heating on an axisymmetric vortex.
Results for periodic heating in the lower troposphere show an overturning circulation that resembles the Sawyer–Eliassen solution. The model simulates positive perturbations in the azimuthal wind field of 2.5 m s−1 near the radius of maximum wind. Periodic heating near the top of the vortex produces a local overturning response in the region of heating and an inertia–buoyancy wave response in the storm environment. Comparison of the results from the modified Sawyer–Eliassen equation to those of an idealized axisymmetric solution for both heating distributions shows similarities in the structure of the perturbation wind fields, suggesting that the axisymmetric TC diurnal cycle is primarily a balanced response driven by periodic heating.
The Role of Surface Drag in Mesocyclone Intensification Leading to Tornadogenesis within an Idealized Supercell Simulation
Authors: Roberts Brett , Xue Ming 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe idealized supercell simulations in a previous study by Roberts et al. are further analyzed to clarify the physical mechanisms leading to differences in mesocyclone intensification between an experiment with surface friction applied to the full wind (FWFRIC) and an experiment with friction applied to the environmental wind only (EnvFRIC). The low-level mesocyclone intensifies rapidly during the 3 min preceding tornadogenesis in FWFRIC, while the intensification during the same period is much weaker in EnvFRIC, which fails to produce a tornado. To quantify the mechanisms responsible for this discrepancy in mesocyclone evolution, material circuits enclosing the low-level mesocyclone are initialized and traced back in time, and circulation budgets for these circuits are analyzed. The results show that in FWFRIC, surface drag directly generates a substantial proportion of the final circulation around the mesocyclone, especially below 1 km AGL; in EnvFRIC, circulation budgets indicate the mesocyclone circulation is overwhelmingly barotropic. It is proposed that the import of near-ground, frictionally generated vorticity into the low-level mesocyclone in FWFRIC is a key factor causing the intensification and lowering of the mesocyclone toward the ground, creating a large upward vertical pressure gradient force that leads to tornadogenesis. Similar circulation analyses are also performed for circuits enclosing the tornado at its genesis stage. The frictionally generated circulation component is found to contribute more than half of the final circulation for circuits enclosing the tornado vortex below 400 m AGL, and the frictional contribution decreases monotonically with the height of the final circuit.
Assessment of Seasonal Soil Moisture Forecasts over Southern South America with Emphasis on Dry and Wet Events
Authors: Spennemann Pablo C. , Rivera Juan A. , Osman Marisol , Saulo A. Celeste , Penalba Olga C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe importance of forecasting extreme wet and dry conditions from weeks to months in advance relies on the need to prevent considerable socioeconomic losses, mainly in regions of large populations and where agriculture is a key value for the economies, such as southern South America (SSA). To improve the understanding of the performance and uncertainties of seasonal soil moisture and precipitation forecasts over SSA, this study aims to 1) perform a general assessment of the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), soil moisture and precipitation forecasts against observations and soil moisture simulations based on GLDAS, version 2.0; 2) evaluate the ability of CFSv2 to represent wet and dry events through the forecasted standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized soil moisture anomalies (SSMA); and 3) analyze the capability of a statistical methodology (merging observations and forecasts) in representing a severe drought event. Results show that both SPI and SSMA forecast skill are regionally and seasonally dependent. In general, a fast degradation of the forecasts skill is observed as the lead time increases, resulting in almost no added value with regard to climatology at lead times longer than 3 months. Additionally, a better performance of the SSMA forecasts is observed compared to SPI calculated using three months of precipitation (SPI3), with a higher skill for dry events against wet events. The CFSv2 forecasts are able to represent the spatial patterns of the 2008/09 severe drought event, although it shows crucial limitations regarding the identification of drought onset, duration, severity, and demise, considering both meteorological (SPI) and agricultural (SSMA) drought conditions.
Whitecap Coverage Dependence on Wind and Wave Statistics as Observed during SO GasEx and HiWinGS
Authors: Brumer Sophia E. , Zappa Christopher J. , Brooks Ian M. , Tamura Hitoshi , Brown Scott M. , Blomquist Byron W. , Fairall Christopher W. , Cifuentes-Lorenzen Alejandro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractConcurrent wavefield and turbulent flux measurements acquired during the Southern Ocean (SO) Gas Exchange (GasEx) and the High Wind Speed Gas Exchange Study (HiWinGS) projects permit evaluation of the dependence of the whitecap coverage W on wind speed, wave age, wave steepness, mean square slope, and wind-wave and breaking Reynolds numbers. The W was determined from over 600 high-frequency visible imagery recordings of 20 min each. Wave statistics were computed from in situ and remotely sensed data as well as from a WAVEWATCH III hindcast. The first shipborne estimates of W under sustained 10-m neutral wind speeds U10N of 25 m s−1 were obtained during HiWinGS. These measurements suggest that W levels off at high wind speed, not exceeding 10% when averaged over 20 min. Combining wind speed and wave height in the form of the wind-wave Reynolds number resulted in closely agreeing models for both datasets, individually and combined. These are also in good agreement with two previous studies. When expressing W in terms of wavefield statistics only or wave age, larger scatter is observed and/or there is little agreement between SO GasEx, HiWinGS, and previously published data. The wind speed–only parameterizations deduced from the SO GasEx and HiWinGS datasets agree closely and capture more of the observed W variability than Reynolds number parameterizations. However, these wind speed–only models do not agree as well with previous studies than the wind-wave Reynolds numbers.
Dal Bronx a Phoenix: LA LONTANANZA Di Nick Shay in Underworld DI DON DELILLO
Authors: Laino Guido 
Published: July 2017

I've always been a country of one. There's a certain distance in my makeup, a measured separation like my old's man, I guess, that I've worked at times to reduce, or thought of working, or said the hell with it. I like to tell my wife. I say to my wife. I tell her not to give up on me. I tell her there's an Italian word, or a Latin word, that explains everything. Then I tell her the word. She says, What does this explain? And she answers, Nothing. The word that explains nothing in this case is lontananza. Distance or remoteness, sure.
Free Trade among South, East and South-East Asian Countries
Authors: Ahmed Shahid 
Published: July 2017

This study investigates the potential trade flows between countries of South, East and South East Asian region as a result of tariff liberalization using the GTAP-model. The study reveals that tariff liberalization has positive effects on all country groupings of South, East and South East Asian nations, with no or nominal negative effect on rest of the world. The study finds that engagement of South Asian region is crucial for Asian regionalism if the goal is to maximize welfare of people in this region. The present study reveals that there is a huge unrealized potential in the countries of this region and free trade will be welfare enhancing, hence there is a need to explore greater cooperation in South, East and South East Asian region like the EU. JEL Classification: C68; F11; F13; F14; F17.
Export Promotional System in India
Authors: Pandey R.K. 
Published: July 2017

This Paper puts in propor perspoctivo tho role, which export promotion measures/system should play to ensure continuing �expansion and diversification of India's exports in the context of the highly competitivo, complex and fast changing international marketing environment. The entire export promotion system in India, according to the author, has to be overhauled and scientifically orientod to the oxport marketing promotion/development needs rather than just catering to the cost reduction/profitability enhancement objectives, which indeed have some, but very limited, contribution to tho export expansion and diversification efforts of the country. A popular method of appraising benefits from export promotion measures in India has been to compare the net foreign exchange realization from exports with the total cost of administering export promotion measures to national exchequer-a fiscalist approach. The benefit analysis of export promotion system in any country should, however, necessarily bo based on a comparison between Domestic Resource Cost of export promotion measures/system and the Domestic Resource Gain as well as Net Foreign Exchange Earning. The cost-benefit analysis in terms of cost of export promotion system and measures as compared with net foreign exchange earning resulting therefrom can, therefore, be treated only as a partial approach.
The Role of Relative Indeterminacy in Word Initials and Finals: a Study in Word Identification
Authors: Oleron Pierre 
Published: July 2017

Sixty French six-letter words of high frequency of occurrence (common nouns) were mutilated by deletion either of two first or two last letters. 24 subjects were asked to reconstruct them. The number of errors and non-responses was higher in the case of initial mutilation, and so was the number of equivalent responses. This result shows that beginnings of words have more variety than ends. Statistical analysis using dictionaries and concerning these words and another sample of 42 similar five-letter words leads to the same conclusion. The meaning of this result, from the point of view of error pre-correction theory, is discussed.
The Outlook for Future Oil Prices
Authors: Netschert Bruce C. 
Published: July 2017

Forecasters of prices on the oil market have been proven wrong in predicting greatly increased prices over the last few years, despite clear signs that reduced consumption due to conservation measures, and an increasing resource base indicated the price would not rise dramatically. Present predictions range from a price collapse to the belief that, despite present trends, the price will rise as economic conditions improve. The author proposes that, after regaining the Saudi marker value of $34/barrel, possibly by 1986, due to steadily increased demand resulting from improved economic conditions, the price will stabilize in real terms, as reduced national oil dependency and improved energy efficiency continue to moderate demand. On the supply side, both in OPEC oil producing countries and elsewhere in the frontier areas such as the Arctic and China Sea, geological potential for undiscovered oil reserves is good.
Prospects for Heavy Oil Recovery and its Role in the Energy Picture
Authors: Selby Rawya , Ali S. M. Farouq 
Published: July 2017

Heavy oil and oil sands deposits constitute an important resource, with in-place estimates varying between 600 × 109 and 980 × 109 m3. These deposits are mostly concentrated in Canada, the US and Venezuela. The gradual depletion of conventional oil reserves is leading to a greater interest in heavy oil recovery. This paper presents on overview of heavy oil characteristics, worldwide deposits and recovery methods, with special emphasis on the heavy oils and oil sands of Canada. Thermal recovery techniques such as cyclic steam stimulation, steamflooding and in-situ combustion have been generally more successful than non-thermal methods. The principal thermal recovery processes are discussed in detail. Reservoir characteristics influencing the applicability of these processes are mentioned, and possible operational problems are outlined. Most of the Canadian heavy oils and oil sands deposits occur in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Selected recovery projects currently in operation are described, outlining modifications to the basic process, problems encountered and range of success.
Simulation of Mushroom Caps on Salt in Barents Sea, Norway
Authors: Yu Z. , Lerche I. 
Published: July 2017

Various shapes of moving salt were simulated in response to gravity contrast and tectonic movement, and the deformations and fractures of the surrounding sediments examined. The varying parameters in the model include the burial depth of the salt base, the overhang depth of the salt cap, the salt body's size, the salt speed of motion, and the sediment depositional rate. Variation of the surrounding rock properties with depth, such as Lame constants, shearing strength, internal friction were also considered. Mohr's criterion (Mohr, 1900) for failure was applied, allowing an indication of where fractures occur and their orientations. Including the thermal effects of salt in the models yields features favorable to hydrocarbon accumulation: (1) Fractures generated near the vertical salt body and below the mushroom cap salt provide a continuous pathway for hydrocarbon migration due to the enhancement of permeability; (2) The overhanging cap salt sheet provides a good trapping mechanism by formation of seals; (3) The thermal effect of salt enhances the maturity of the source rocks; (4) The observed faulting behaviour around the salt body is accounted for by primary and secondary fracture development as exhibited through the simulations. Application of modelling to the study of a salt diapir in Barents Sea, Norway, shows that the salt would most likely start to rise during the Early-Mid Triassic and Jurassic when the sediment cover was about 1700–2400 m. Depositional faulting was associated with salt diapir motion. The modelling also indicates that at least 1000 m of the salt cap was eroded, based on the dip angles of sedimentary strata against the salt stock.
Individual-Firm Style Loadings, Unrecorded Economic Assets, and Systematic Risk
Authors: Ballester Marta , Livnat Joshua , Seethamraju Chandrakanth 
Published: July 2017

This study estimates individual-firm style loadings for classification of individual securities into growth (glamour) and value groups. Style loadings are similar to betas, measuring the comovement of a firm's return with the return on a particular style index. The study examines this classification by comparing the extent of unrecorded economic assets for growth and value firms. The study also examines the systematic-risk characteristics associated with this classification. Using Ohlson's (1995) valuation model, this study estimates the persistence of abnormal earnings for individual firms using time-series analysis. Growth firms are shown to have higher levels of abnormal earnings persistence than value firms, probably due to their greater levels of unrecorded economic assets than value firms. Indeed, the study finds that growth firms have greater levels of R&D and advertising intensity than value firms. The study also shows that growth and value firms differ in their systematic risk. Possibly due to the greater uncertainty associated with unrecorded economic assets, the systematic risks of growth firms are larger than those of value firms.
Molybdenum Concentration Profiles in Thin Layers of Porous Supports
Authors: Morales M.I. , Blanco M.N. , Thomas H.J. 
Published: July 2017

Impregnation of flat thin layers of porous supports by means of an unidirectionally flowing fluid has been studied. Since it is similar to pore-filling impregnation, this technique enables the qualitative behaviour of pellet impregnation to be predicted. Aqueous solutions of ammonium heptamolybdate were used to impregnate both γ-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 samples containing 2.1 g Co per 100 g Al2O3. The molybdenum concentration profiles were similar in both supports. Thus both exhibited a plateau region over which an equilibrium existed between the concentration of adsorbed molybdenum and that in the solution within the pores, followed by a sharp decrease in which a shoulder was observed. This behaviour may be related directly to the shape of the molybdenum adsorption isotherms on both supports. Such profiles were analyzed using a theoretical model to estimate the kinetic parameters of adsorption. These parameters are useful for predicting concentration profiles of active species in pellets of any geometry.
Adsorption Parameters and Surface Species in the Nickel—Molybdenum Alumina System
Authors: Rodriguez R.A.E. , Siri G.J. , Cáceres C.V. , Thomas H.J. 
Published: July 2017

Isotherms corresponding to the adsorption of ammonium heptamolybdate solutions on nickel–alumina supports have been studied. Such isotherms exhibit two distinct adsorption regions, with both the support and the adsorbed species contributing to their formation. Two types of site are available for adsorption on the support and, depending on the molybdenum concentration present in solution, either monomeric (at low concentrations) or polymeric molybdenum species (at high concentrations) are formed and adsorbed. Monomer adsorption occurs at low concentrations, whereas polyanion adsorption predominates at high concentrations; the latter is reflected in an abrupt increase in molybdenum concentration adsorbed on the support. The adsorption isotherms measured at 20°C and 50°C, and TPR and XPS studies indicate that the samples prepared at 50°C contain a lower quantity of octahedral molybdenum, although dispersion of the molybdenum on the surface is higher. In addition, a direct relationship exists between the dispersion of the active component and the hydrodesulphurization activity of the sample. The presence of nickel on the support does not affect the total number of sites occupied by molybdenum. However, when the nickel content on the solid is increased, the molybdenum species occupy a higher proportion of octahedral sites. XPS studies have shown that samples with a higher nickel content possess a better dispersion of molybdenum species and exhibit a higher intrinsic activity. Enhanced molybdenum dispersion and thiophene conversion was associated with samples in which molybdenum adsorption occurred before nickel impregnation. For all the series studies, the maximum value in the intrinsic acitivity occurred at the same value of the Ni/Mo atomic ratio. This provides convincing evidence that the precursor ratio is important in this catalyst system.
Characterization of Carbon Beads Derived from Porous Polyimide Copolymer
Authors: Matynia T. , Gawdzik B. , Staszczuk P. 
Published: July 2017

A new carbon sorbent obtained by the carbonization of beads of the porous copolymer of 4,4′-bis(maleimidodiphenyl)methane and styrene is described. To determine the influence of the carbonization process on the porous and chemical structure of the sorbent, nitrogen adsorption at low temperature, mercury porosimetry, quasi-isothermal analysis and chromatographic measurements were made. The results indicate that polar imide functional groups were destroyed during carbonization, changing the chemical and porous structure of the sorbent. In consequence, non-polar porous carbon particles were obtained.