bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In protest of apathy. The case of Panjim, Goa
Authors: Kambli Namita 
Published: February 2018

<p>Whenever I mention that I grew up in Goa, those who have heard of it react with wonder and curiosity, both of which are almost always laced with a twinge of envy. India’s smallest state is synonymous with beaches, hippies, trance music, vindalhoo, and, to my enormous displeasure, drugs. To me, however, Goa signifies lush paddy fields in a shade of green I still cannot define, coconut palms framing soothing sunsets, and whitewashed churches in perfect harmony alongside colourful temples. As a child, I of course took these landscapes for granted. As a fresh-faced architecture graduate, I came to better appreciate the state’s well-kept public gardens, pastel-coloured facades and bustling marketplaces. As an expat who has now been away for more than a decade, my heart breaks a little for the Goa that awaits me each time I return, with streets choked by rule-flouting cars, off-shore casinos that are killing the capital’s main river, and my favourite beach littered with plastic and beer bottles. This viewpoint is both a form of protest against the growing apathy evident in my hometown and also a plea to better cherish our public spaces.</p><p> </p>
The Effect of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) on Managing the Efficiency of Performance in Jordanian Manufacturing Corporations – An Analytical Study
Authors: Al-Halabi Nabil Bashir , Shaqqour Omar Fareed 
Published: February 2018

The study explored the effect of activity-based costing (ABC) on the efficiency of performance in Jordanian manufacturing corporations. A questionnaire form was designed and distributed to a sample of 72 managers in 20 manufacturing corporations, and data were collected and analyzed using EXCEL and SPSS packages. The results found that the application of ABC has a significant effect on managing resources, performance efficiency, cost reduction, and costs of unused capacity in Jordanian manufacturing corporations. The conclusion showed that ABC were able to differentiate between high and low volume products among different activities of manufacturing corporation in Jordan. The research also concluded that the main difficulties were in differentiating between value added and non value added activities, unclear strategies, and incomplete information for decision making processes, thus, whatever activity-slack existed more levels of cooperation also existed between members of the value chain (VC). The study recommended more application of the ABC in different corporations as proved its effect on pricing decisions, cost reduction and a competitive ability of corporations in different markets.
Julio Cortázar en el “Mariano Acosta”. Marcas biográficas de su formación
Authors: Ayuso María Luz , Pineau Pablo Luis 
Published: February 2018

A partir de una investigación en el archivo histórico «Armenia Euredgian» de la Escuela Normal N.º 2 «Mariano Acosta» de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, nos proponemos desarrollar tres versiones de la relación entre el escritor Julio Cortázar y su formación como docente durante la década de 1930. Nuestra hipótesis de partida es que la historia de una institución debe ser comprendida en el doble marco dado por la historia de la educación y la historia general del país. Por eso, preguntarse acerca de cómo la historia de la escuela se entretejió con la historia de la educación y del país busca desplegar indicios acerca de distintas configuraciones de la cultura escolar producidas por los sujetos que la habitaron. La primera de esas versiones remite a la posición más explícita del autor, que denuncia a la formación recibida como «una máquina de fascistas». La Escuela Normal, para esa época era oficialmente reconocida como un elemento de irradiación cultural, enaltecida y respetada en su papel de formación de ciudadanos para la República; es descripta por Cortázar como «un inmenso camelo». A través de sus imágenes, denuncia el incumplimiento de la función del sistema educativo de formación de ciudadanos y hombres cultos. La segunda versión de escuela se monta sobre la primera, desplazándose hacia una versión onírica y siniestra representada principalmente a través del cuento «La escuela de noche». En palabras del propio Cortázar se trata de «hechos imaginarios que han sido escritos como un equivalente simbólico de una realidad». Con su relato, nos invita a pensar que en la supuesta normalidad de la «Escuela Normal» se esconden fantasmas oscuros, en el contexto de un período de avance de posiciones autoritarias en el país y en su educación. Finalmente, una tercera versión permite presentar una escuela donde los sujetos se rebelan contra los modelos propuestos en las versiones anteriores y la inscriben en otras tradiciones políticas, culturales y pedagógicas más democráticas. Esta lectura se evidencia mayormente a través de las formas concretas en la que Cortázar habitó la escuela en sus años de estudiante, y más concretamente como director de la revista Addenda, publicación de su Centro de Estudiantes.
Chemical Sample Processing for Combined Selenium Isotope and Selenium‐Tellurium Elemental Investigation of the Earth's Igneous Reservoirs
Authors: Yierpan Aierken , König Stephan , Labidi Jabrane , Kurzawa Timon , Babechuk Michael G. , Schoenberg Ronny 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe redox‐sensitive, chalcophile, and volatile Se stable isotope system offers new perspectives to investigate the origin and evolution of terrestrial volatiles and the roles of magmatic and recycling processes in the development of the redox contrast between Earth's reservoirs. Selenium isotope systematics become more robust in a well‐constrained petrogenetic context as can be inferred from Se‐Te elemental signatures of sulfides and igneous rocks. In this study, we present a high‐yield chemical sample processing method that allows the determination of Se‐Te concentrations and Se isotope composition from the same sample digest of silicate rocks by hydride generation isotope dilution (ID) quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and double spike (DS) multicollector (MC)‐ICP‐MS, respectively. Our procedure yields ∼80% Se‐Te recoveries with quantitative separation of relevant interfering elements such as Ge and HG‐buffering metals. Replicate analyses of selected international reference materials yield uncertainties better than 0.11‰ (2 s.d.) on δ82/76Se and 3% (r.s.d.) on Se concentration for DS MC‐ICP‐MS determinations for as low as ∼10 ng sample Se. The precision of Se‐Te concentration measurements by ID ICP‐MS is better than 3% and 5% (r.s.d.) for total amounts of ∼0.5–1 ng Se and ∼0.2–0.5 ng Te, respectively. The basaltic reference materials have variable Se‐Te contents, but their δ82/76Se values are rather uniform (on average 0.23 ± 0.14‰; 2 s.d.) and different from the chondritic value. This altogether provides the methodology and potential to extend the limited data set of coupled Se isotope and Se‐Te elemental systematics of samples relevant to study the terrestrial igneous inventory.
Generation Mechanism for Interlinked Flux Tubes on the Magnetopause
Authors: Farinas Perez G. , Cardoso F. R. , Sibeck D. , Gonzalez W. D. , Facskó G. , Coxon J. C. , Pembroke A. D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe use a global magnetohydrodynamics simulation to analyze transient magnetic reconnection processes at the magnetopause. The solar wind conditions have been kept constant, and an interplanetary magnetic field with large duskward BY and southward BZ components has been imposed. Five flux transfer events (FTEs) with clear bipolar magnetic field signatures have been observed. We observed a peculiar structure defined as interlinked flux tubes (IFTs) in the first and fourth FTE, which had very different generation mechanisms. The first FTE originates as an IFTs and remains with this configuration until its final moment. However, the fourth FTE develops as a classical flux rope but changes its 3‐D magnetic configuration to that of IFTs. This work studies the mechanism for generating IFTs. The growth of the resistive tearing instability has been identified as the cause for the first IFTs formation. We believe that the instability has been triggered by the accumulation of interplanetary magnetic field at the subsolar point where the grid resolution is very high. The evidence shows that two new reconnection lines form northward and southward of the subsolar region. The IFTs have been generated with all the classical signatures of a single flux rope. The other IFTs detected in the fourth FTE developed as a result of magnetic reconnection inside its complex and twisted magnetic fields, which leads to a change in the magnetic configuration from a flux rope of twisted magnetic field lines to IFTs.
A Model‐Based Evaluation of the Inverse Gaussian Transit‐Time Distribution Method for Inferring Anthropogenic Carbon Storage in the Ocean
Authors: He Yan‐Chun , Tjiputra Jerry , Langehaug Helene R. , Jeansson Emil , Gao Yongqi , Schwinger Jörg , Olsen Are 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Inverse Gaussian approximation of transit time distribution method (IG‐TTD) is widely used to infer the anthropogenic carbon (Cant) concentration in the ocean from measurements of transient tracers such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Its accuracy relies on the validity of several assumptions, notably (i) a steady state ocean circulation, (ii) a prescribed age tracer saturation history, e.g., a constant 100% saturation, (iii) a prescribed constant degree of mixing in the ocean, (iv) a constant surface ocean air‐sea CO2 disequilibrium with time, and (v) that preformed alkalinity can be sufficiently estimated by salinity or salinity and temperature. Here, these assumptions are evaluated using simulated “model‐truth” of Cant. The results give the IG‐TTD method a range of uncertainty from 7.8% to 13.6% (11.4 Pg C to 19.8 Pg C) due to above assumptions, which is about half of the uncertainty derived in previous model studies. Assumptions (ii), (iv) and (iii) are the three largest sources of uncertainties, accounting for 5.5%, 3.8% and 3.0%, respectively, while assumptions (i) and (v) only contribute about 0.6% and 0.7%. Regionally, the Southern Ocean contributes the largest uncertainty, of 7.8%, while the North Atlantic contributes about 1.3%. Our findings demonstrate that spatial‐dependency of
, and temporal changes in tracer saturation and air‐sea CO2 disequilibrium have strong compensating effect on the estimated Cant. The values of these parameters should be quantified to reduce the uncertainty of IG‐TTD; this is increasingly important under a changing ocean climate.
A Study of Baroclinic Instability Induced Convergence Near the Bottom Using Water Age Simulations
Authors: Zhang Wenxia , Hetland Robert D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBaroclinic instability of lateral density gradients gives way to lateral buoyancy transport, which often results in convergence of buoyancy transport. Along a sloping bottom, the induced convergence can force upward extension of bottom water. Eddy transport induced convergence at the bottom and the consequent suspended layers of bottom properties are investigated using a three‐dimensional idealized model. Motivated by the distinct characteristics of intrusions over the Texas‐Louisiana shelf, a series of configurations are performed with the purpose of identifying parameter impacts on the intensity of eddy transport. This study uses the “horizontal slope Burger number” as the predominant parameter; the parameter is functioned with
to identify formation of baroclinic instability, where S is the slope Burger number, δ is the slope parameter, and Ri is the Richardson number, previously shown to be the parameter that predicts the intensity of baroclinic instability on the shelf. Intrusion spreads into the interior abutting a layer that is characterized by degraded vertical stratification; a thickening in the bottom boundary layer colocates with the intrusion, which usually thins at either edge of the intrusion because of a density barrier in association with concentrated isopycnals. The intensity of convergence degrades and bottom tracer fluxes reduce linearly with increased SH on logarithmic scales, and the characteristics of bottom boundary layer behavior and the reversal in alongshore current tend to vanish.
Cramér‐Rao Lower Bounds for Joint Target Parameter Estimation in FM‐Based Distributed Passive Radar Network with Antenna Arrays
Authors: Shi C. G. , Wang F. , Salous S. , Zhou J. J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTo avoid the disadvantages of the active radar which utilizes its own transmitter to emit electromagnetic radiations, passive radars use the signals readily available in the environment and can provide superior capabilities of stealth target detection, low probability of intercept, low cost, and robustness. This paper investigates the joint target parameter (delay and Doppler) estimation performance for a frequency modulation (FM)‐based distributed passive radar network (DPRN) system with antenna arrays. The DPRN system consists of multiple FM‐based illuminators of opportunity and multiple radar receivers, which are placed on moving platforms. First, we consider the scenario where the target state parameters are unknown, the maximum likelihood estimator is developed, and the log‐likelihood ratio of the received signal for a complex Gaussian extended target is derived. Then, the Cramér‐Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) on the Cartesian coordinates of target position and velocity are computed for a DPRN system with MT FM‐based transmitters of Q antenna elements and MR multichannel receivers of P antenna elements. Finally, numerical examples demonstrate that grouping the receiving antenna elements into properly sized arrays can reduce estimation errors. It is also shown that the joint CRLB is a function of signal‐to‐noise ratio, the number of receiving antenna elements, the properties of the transmitted FM waveform, and the relative geometry between the target and the DPRN architecture. The analytically closed‐form expressions for CRLB are an important performance metric in that they enable the optimal placement of radar receivers to improve the target parameter estimation performance.
Does intensity modulation increase target dose calculation errors of conventional algorithms for lung SBRT?
Authors: Zheng Dandan , Verma Vivek , Wang Shuo , Liang Xiaoying , Zhou Sumin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPurposeConventional dose algorithms (Type A and Type B) for lung SBRT can display considerable target dose errors compared to Type‐C algorithms. Intensity‐modulated techniques (IMRT/VMAT) are increasingly being utilized for lung SBRT. Therefore, our study aimed to assess whether intensity modulation increased target dose calculation errors by conventional algorithms over conformal techniques.MethodsTwenty lung SBRT patients were parallely planned with both IMRT and dynamic conformal arc (DCA) techniques using a Type‐A algorithm, and another 20 patients were parallely planned with IMRT, VMAT, and DCA using a Type‐B algorithm. All 100 plans were recalculated with Type‐C algorithms using identical beam and monitor unit settings, with the Type‐A/Type‐B algorithm dose errors defined using Type‐C recalculation as the ground truth. Target dose errors for PTV and GTV were calculated for a variety of dosimetric end points. Using Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests (p < 0.05 for statistical significance), target dose errors were compared between corresponding IMRT/VMAT and DCA plans for the two conventional algorithms. The levels of intensity modulation were also evaluated using the ratios of MUs in the IMRT/VMAT plans to those in the corresponding DCA plans. Linear regression was used to study the correlation between intensity modulation and relative dose error magnitudes.ResultsOverall, larger errors were found for the Type‐A algorithm than for the Type‐B algorithm. However, the IMRT/VMAT plans were not found to have statistically larger dose errors from their corresponding DCA plans. Linear regression did not identify a significant correlation between the intensity modulation level and the relative dose error.ConclusionIntensity modulation did not appear to increase target dose calculation errors for lung SBRT plans calculated with conventional algorithms.
RETRACTED: Bioreactors Based on Enzymes Encapsulated in Photoresponsive Transformable Nanotubes and Nanocoils End‐Capped with Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Kameta Naohiro , Manaka Yuichi , Akiyama Haruhisa , Shimizu Toshimi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSelf‐assembly of asymmetric amphiphiles containing an azobenzene unit selectively produces molecular monolayer nanotubes, which can act as solid supports for enzymes without the use of chemical cross‐linkers. Encapsulation of enzymes in nanotube channels and continuous capping of both open ends with magnetic nanoparticles allow us to construct bioreactors. Transformation of the nanotubes to nanocoils induced by the trans‐to‐cis isomerization of the azobenzene unit upon UV‐light irradiation initiates catalysis due to the appearance of multiple narrow slits functioning as size‐exclusion pathways for penetration of substrates from bulk solution. Kinetic performance of encapsulated enzymes is similar to that of free enzymes. Magnetic nanoparticles are very useful for inhibiting the release of encapsulated enzymes and conferring magnetic properties to organic nanotubes and nanocoils. Simple recovery and separation with a magnet allow high reusability and recyclability of the bioreactors; in addition, nanotubes and nanocoils stabilize the encapsulated enzymes. The bioreactors work well even in the presence of proteases, which are able to eliminate the catalytic activity of enzymes in bulk solution.
Actuating Single Nano‐Oscillators with Light
Authors: Cormier Sean , Ding Tao , Turek Vladimir , Baumberg Jeremy J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThermoresponsive polymers can be used to rapidly actuate individual nanoparticles forming nanomechanical oscillators. Such systems are realized here with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)‐coated gold nanoparticles deposited on gold films, which have a strong optical response that can be dynamically tracked. Changes in temperature surrounding the nanoparticles result in the contraction or expansion of the PNIPAM coating, thereby displacing the gold nanoparticles up and down on the gold mirror. Particle oscillation is optically monitored via the spectral position of the coupled plasmon modes, achieving sub‐millisecond translocation speeds when actuated by light via plasmonic heating. These fast nano‐oscillators can also generate forces exceeding 1 nN with efficiencies already exceeding 1%, which makes them ideal prototypes for nanomachines.
Analysis of Performance Instabilities of Hafnia‐Based Ferroelectrics Using Modulus Spectroscopy and Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Currents
Authors: Fengler Franz P. G. , Nigon Robin , Muralt Paul , Grimley Everett D. , Sang Xiahan , Sessi Violetta , Hentschel Rico , LeBeau James M. , Mikolajick Thomas , Schroeder Uwe 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe discovery of the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase in doped hafnia films has sparked immense research efforts. Presently, a major obstacle for hafnia's use in high‐endurance memory applications like nonvolatile random‐access memories is its unstable ferroelectric response during field cycling. Different mechanisms are proposed to explain this instability including field‐induced phase change, electron trapping, and oxygen vacancy diffusion. However, none of these is able to fully explain the complete behavior and interdependencies of these phenomena. Up to now, no complete root cause for fatigue, wake‐up, and imprint effects is presented. In this study, the first evidence for the presence of singly and doubly positively charged oxygen vacancies in hafnia–zirconia films using thermally stimulated currents and impedance spectroscopy is presented. Moreover, it is shown that interaction of these defects with electrons at the interfaces to the electrodes may cause the observed instability of the ferroelectric performance.
2D Doping Layer for Flexible Transparent Conducting Graphene Electrodes with Low Sheet Resistance and High Stability
Authors: Seo Young‐Min , Cho Hye‐Jin , Jang Hyeon‐Sik , Jang Wonseok , Lim Jae‐Young , Jang Yamujin , Gu Taejun , Choi Jae‐Young , Whang Dongmok 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGraphene, an ultrathin flexible material with high carrier mobility and transparency, is a promising candidate for flexible transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs). However, its resistance is too high for use as a TCE material by itself. Therefore, fabricating graphene with low sheet resistance and high stability is a significant challenge for practical applications of graphene TCEs. In this study, a 2D doping layer (DL) is proposed, which can stably dope graphene to develop a highly transparent graphene TCE with low sheet resistance. For this purpose, the 2D DL is prepared by immobilizing dopant molecules on transparent graphene oxide and simply stacking it with graphene enables efficient and stable charge transfer doping of the graphene. A TCE fabricated by alternately stacking the DL and graphene has a high optical transmittance of over 90% at a wavelength of 550 nm and a low sheet resistance of 50 Ω sq−1. Furthermore, the sheet resistance shows an excellent thermal and mechanical stability with a change of only about 2% in a bending test of 20 000 cycles or at a high temperature of 220 °C. This result shows that stacking graphene with stable 2D DL is a promising approach for graphene‐based next generation TCE.
Reactivity of the Sultam and Strained Alkyne Groups in 2‐Aminobenzenesulfonamide‐Containing Cyclononyne (ABSACN)
Authors: Kaneda Kyosuke , Naruse Risa , Yamamoto Syota , Satoh Teppei 
Published: February 2018

Abstract2‐Aminobenzenesulfonamide‐containing cyclononyne (ABSACN), which is a heterocycle that contains a sultam and strained alkyne group within the same ring, exhibits remarkable chemical reactivity in processes such as pyrrole transformations, Pauson–Khand cyclizations, click reactions, and Mitsunobu condensations. Herein, we introduce the synthesis and reactions of ABSACN, which focus on the sultam and alkyne functional groups, and study the unique characterization of prepared ABSACN derivatives by NMR and X‐ray crystallographic analyses. This work could lead to the efficient production of pharmaceutically relevant multiheterocyclic systems by using sequential cycloaddition reactions. ABSACN can also serve as a potential template for multifunctional clickable alkyne reagents.
Isolation of an Eleven‐Atom Polydentate Carbon‐Chain Chelate Obtained by Cycloaddition of a Cyclic Osmium Carbyne with an Alkyne
Authors: Zhu Congqing , Zhu Jun , Zhou Xiaoxi , Zhu Qin , Yang Yuhui , Wen Ting Bin , Xia Haiping 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCarbon ligands have long played an important role in organometallic chemistry. However, previous examples of all‐carbon chelating ligands are limited. Herein, we present a novel complex with an eleven‐atom carbon chain as a polydentate chelating ligand. This species was formed by the [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction of two equivalents of an alkyne with an osmapentalyne that contains the smallest carbyne bond angle (127.9°) ever observed. Density functional calculations revealed that electron‐donating groups play a key role in the stabilization of this polydentate carbon‐chain chelate. This process is also the first [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction of an alkyne with a late‐transition‐metal carbyne complex. This study not only enriches the chemistry of polydentate carbon‐chain chelates, but also deepens our understanding of the chelating ability of carbon ligands.