bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aldo‐keto reductase enzymes detoxify glyphosate and improve herbicide resistance in plants
Authors: Vemanna Ramu S. , Vennapusa Amaranatha Reddy , Easwaran Murugesh , Chandrashekar Babitha K. , Rao Hanumantha , Ghanti Kirankumar , Sudhakar Chinta , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Makarla Udayakumar 
Published: September 2016

SummaryIn recent years, concerns about the use of glyphosate‐resistant crops have increased because of glyphosate residual levels in plants and development of herbicide‐resistant weeds. In spite of identifying glyphosate‐detoxifying genes from microorganisms, the plant mechanism to detoxify glyphosate has not been studied. We characterized an aldo‐keto reductase gene from Pseudomonas (PsAKR1) and rice (OsAKR1) and showed, by docking studies, both PsAKR1 and OsAKR1 can efficiently bind to glyphosate. Silencing AKR1 homologues in rice and Nicotiana benthamiana or mutation of AKR1 in yeast and Arabidopsis showed increased sensitivity to glyphosate. External application of AKR proteins rescued glyphosate‐mediated cucumber seedling growth inhibition. Regeneration of tobacco transgenic lines expressing PsAKR1 or OsAKRI on glyphosate suggests that AKR can be used as selectable marker to develop transgenic crops. PsAKR1‐ or OsAKRI‐expressing tobacco and rice transgenic plants showed improved tolerance to glyphosate with reduced accumulation of shikimic acid without affecting the normal photosynthetic rates. These results suggested that AKR1 when overexpressed detoxifies glyphosate in planta.
Effects of maternal postpartum depression in a well‐resourced sample: Early concurrent and long‐term effects on infant cognitive, language, and motor development
Authors: Smith‐Nielsen Johanne , Tharner Anne , Krogh Marianne Thode , Væver Mette Skovgaard 
Published: September 2016

This study examined early and long‐term effects of maternal postpartum depression on cognitive, language, and motor development in infants of clinically depressed mothers. Participants were 83 mothers and their full‐term born children from the urban region of Copenhagen, Denmark. Of this group, 28 mothers were diagnosed with postnatal depression three to four months postpartum in a diagnostic interview. Cognitive, language, and motor development was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development third edition, when the infants were 4 and 13 months of age. We found that maternal postpartum depression was associated with poorer cognitive development at infant age four months, the effect size being large (Cohen's d = 0.8) and with similar effects for boys and girls. At 13 months of age infants of clinical mothers did not differ from infants of non‐clinical mothers. At this time most (79%) of the clinical mothers were no longer, or not again, depressed. These results may indicate that maternal depression can have an acute, concurrent effect on infant cognitive development as early as at four months postpartum. At the same time, in the absence of other risk factors, this effect may not be enduring. The main weaknesses of the study include the relatively small sample size and that depression scores were only available for 35 of the non‐clinical mothers at 13 months.
Blood group A mothers are more likely to develop anemia during antenatal intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Lakkaraja Madhavi , Jin Jenny C. , Manotas Karen C. , Vinograd Cheryl A. , Ferd Polina , Gabor Julia , Wissert Megan , Berkowitz Richard L. , McFarland Janice G. , Bussel James B. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDIncompatibility between parental platelet (PLT) antigens may lead to sensitization of mother and development of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) resulting in fetal thrombocytopenia. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) with or without prednisone is the most effective, evidence‐based antenatal treatment for subsequent FNAIT‐affected pregnancies. IVIG infusion causes hemolysis in other settings, the degree depending upon patient blood groups (BGs).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00194987, 102 pregnant women received randomized antenatal treatment: Arm A received 2 g/kg/week IVIG; Arm B received 1 g/kg/week IVIG + 0.5 mg/kg/day prednisone. This post hoc analysis explored BG and anemia in 69 FNAIT mothers treated with Arm A or Arm B without salvage treatment to explore the effects of IVIG and steroid treatment on development of anemia in these women. Mothers whose treatment changed, for example, those with insufficient or unknown fetal PLT response who received salvage therapy, were excluded.RESULTSFor Arm A, 17 of 21 (hemoglobin [Hb] < 10 g/dL) mothers with anemia but only three of 15 mothers without anemia had BG‐A and/or BG‐B (p = 0.0005). BG was unrelated to anemia in Arm B; only nine of 33 Arm B mothers became anemic during treatment. The mean decrease in Hb level in women with BG‐non‐O was 1.9 g/dL and in women with BG‐O was 1.1 g/dL (p = 0.004). Anemia was not caused by iron deficiency; the lowest mean corpuscular volume was 79.CONCLUSIONFNAIT women with BG‐non‐O more frequently develop anemia secondary to high‐dose IVIG infusion (2 g/kg/week), quite possibly from isohemagglutinin‐mediated hemolysis; maternal Hb requires monitoring. IVIG at 1 g/kg/week did not cause anemia in women with BG‐non‐O; concomitant prednisone likely alleviated the IVIG effect. Maternal BG could influence selection of antenatal treatment for FNAIT.
Weak solutions of complex Hessian equations on compact Hermitian manifolds
Authors: Kołodziej Sławomir , Nguyen Ngoc Cuong 
Published: September 2016

We prove the existence of weak solutions of complex $m$-Hessian equations on compact Hermitian manifolds for the non-negative right-hand side belonging to $L^{p}$, $p>n/m$ ($n$ is the dimension of the manifold). For smooth, positive data the equation has recently been solved by Székelyhidi and Zhang. We also give a stability result for such solutions.
Integrated Chemical Effects Head Loss Experiments Using Multiconstituent Fibrous Debris Beds
Authors: LaBrier Daniel , Ali Amir , Howe Kerry J. , Blandford Edward D. 
Published: September 2016

The chemical head loss experiment (CHLE) program has been designed to acquire realistic material release and product formation in containment under post-loss of coolant accident (LOCA) conditions and their impact on the measured head loss through the use of modified debris beds developed at the University of New Mexico (UNM). A full-scale water chemistry test was conducted under Vogtle containment chemistry conditions to determine the release of these materials and the resulting head loss response of the formed products within the emergency core cooling system (ECCS) under prototypical chemical conditions. The test was designed to investigate material corrosion with the presence of excess aluminum and a nonprototypical temperature profile (80 °C for 120 h) to promote the production of aluminum precipitates. The head loss measured within the first 72 h of the test either surpassed the operational limits of the equipment or caused a failure within the system. The increase in head loss is not attributed to the formation of in situ precipitates but to a physical reaction of the epoxy used in constructing the debris beds to the local chemistry during the early stages of the test.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Largest Known Flavi-Like Virus,
Diaphorina citri flavi-like virus
, a Novel Virus of the Asian Citrus Psyllid,
Diaphorina citri
Authors: Matsumura Emilyn E. , Nerva Luca , Nigg Jared C. , Falk Bryce W. , Nouri Shahideh 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

A novel flavi-like virus tentatively named
Diaphorina citri flavi-like virus
(DcFLV) was identified in field populations of
Diaphorina citri
through small RNA and transcriptome sequencing followed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. We report here the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of DcFLV, the largest flavi-like virus identified to date.
Deep Sequencing Reveals the Complete Genome Sequence of
Sweet potato virus G
from East Timor
Authors: Maina Solomon , Edwards Owain R. , Barbetti Martin J. , de Almeida Luis , Ximenes Abel , Jones Roger A. C. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

We present the first complete
Sweet potato virus G
(SPVG) genome from sweet potato in East Timor and compare it with seven complete SPVG genomes from South Korea (three), Taiwan (two), Argentina (one), and the United States (one). It most resembles the genomes from the United States and South Korea.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Xanthomonas bromi Type Strain LMG 947
Authors: Hersemann Lena , Wibberg Daniel , Blom Jochen , Widmer Franco , Kölliker Roland 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the
Xanthomonas bromi
type strain LMG 947, an important pathogen of bromegrasses (
Bromus
spp.). Comparative analysis with other
Xanthomonas
spp. that are pathogenic on forage grasses will assist the analysis of host-plant adaptation at the genome level.
Gender equity programmes in academic medicine: a realist evaluation approach to Athena SWAN processes
Authors: Caffrey Louise , Wyatt David , Fudge Nina , Mattingley Helena , Williamson Catherine , McKevitt Christopher 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesGender inequity has persisted in academic medicine. Yet equity is vital for countries to achieve their full potential in terms of translational research and patient benefit. This study sought to understand how the gender equity programme, Athena SWAN, can be enabled and constrained by interactions between the programme and the context it is implemented into, and whether these interactions might produce unintended consequences.DesignMultimethod qualitative case studies using a realist evaluation approach.Setting5 departments from a university medical school hosting a Translational Research Organisation.Participants25 hours of observations of gender equality committee meetings, 16 in-depth interviews with Heads of Departments, Committee Leads and key personnel involved in the initiative. 4 focus groups with 15 postdoctoral researchers, lecturers and senior lecturers.ResultsThe implementation of Athena SWAN principles was reported to have created social space to address gender inequity and to have highlighted problematic practices to staff. However, a number of factors reduced the programme's potential to impact gender inequity. Gender inequity was reproduced in the programme's enactment as female staff was undertaking a disproportionate amount of Athena SWAN work, with potential negative impacts on individual women's career progression. Early career researchers experienced problems accessing Athena SWAN initiatives. Furthermore, the impact of the programme was perceived to be undermined by wider institutional practices, national policies and societal norms, which are beyond the programme's remit.ConclusionsGender equity programmes have the potential to address inequity. However, paradoxically, they can also unintentionally reproduce and reinforce gender inequity through their enactment. Potential programme impacts may be undermined by barriers to staff availing of career development and training initiatives, and by wider institutional practices, national policies and societal norms.
Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on blood eosinophil count in steroid-naïve patients with COPD
Authors: Kreindler James L , Watkins Michael L , Lettis Sally , Tal-Singer Ruth , Locantore Nicholas 
Published: September 2016

IntroductionSputum and blood eosinophil counts have attracted attention as potential biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One question regarding the use of blood eosinophils as a biomarker in COPD is whether their levels are affected by the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), which are commonly prescribed for COPD.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of peripheral blood leucocytes from a previously completed clinical trial that examined effects of ICS in steroid-naïve patients with COPD.Results and conclusionThe data show that the ICS-containing treatment arms (containing fluticasone propionate) had a small effect on peripheral blood eosinophils in steroid-naïve patients with COPD.Trial registration numberNCT00358358; Post-results.
The Jan Mayen microcontinent: an update of its architecture, structural development and role during the transition from the Ægir Ridge to the mid-oceanic Kolbeinsey Ridge
Authors: Blischke A. , Gaina C. , Hopper J. R. , Péron-Pinvidic G. , Brandsdóttir B. , Guarnieri P. , Erlendsson Ö. , Gunnarsson K. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We present a revised tectonostratigraphy of the Jan Mayen microcontinent (JMMC) and its southern extent, with the focus on its relationship to the Greenland–Iceland–Faroe Ridge area and the Faroe–Iceland Fracture Zone. The microcontinent's Cenozoic evolution consists of six main phases corresponding to regional stratigraphic unconformities. Emplacement of Early Eocene plateau basalts at pre-break-up time (56–55 Ma), preceded the continental break-up (55 Ma) and the formation of seawards-dipping reflectors (SDRs) along the eastern and SE flanks of the JMMC. Simultaneously with SDR formation, orthogonal seafloor spreading initiated along the Ægir Ridge (Norway Basin) during the Early Eocene (C24n2r, 53.36 Ma to C22n, 49.3 Ma). Changes in plate motions at C21n (47.33 Ma) led to oblique seafloor spreading offset by transform faults and uplift along the microcontinent's southern flank. At C13n (33.2 Ma), spreading rates along the Ægir Ridge started to decrease, first south and then in the north. This was probably complemented by intra-continental extension within the JMMC, as indicated by the opening of the Jan Mayen Basin – a series of small pull-apart basins along the microcontinent's NW flank. JMMC was completely isolated when the mid-oceanic Kolbeinsey Ridge became fully established and the Ægir Ridge was abandoned between C7 and C6b (24–21.56 Ma).
Seamounts and oceanic igneous features in the NE Atlantic: a link between plate motions and mantle dynamics
Authors: Gaina Carmen , Blischke Anett , Geissler Wolfram H. , Kimbell Geoffrey S. , Erlendsson Ögmundur 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A new regional compilation of seamount-like oceanic igneous features (SOIFs) in the NE Atlantic points to three distinct oceanic areas of abundant seamount clusters. Seamounts on oceanic crust dated 54–50 Ma are formed on smooth oceanic basement, which resulted from high spreading rates and magmatic productivity enhanced by higher than usual mantle plume activity. Late Eocene–Early Miocene SOIF clusters are located close to newly formed tectonic features on rough oceanic crust in the Irminger, Iceland and Norway basins, reflecting an unstable tectonic regime prone to local readjustments of mid-ocean ridge and fracture zone segments accompanied by extra igneous activity. A SOIF population observed on Mid-Miocene–Present rough oceanic basement in the Greenland and Lofoten basins, and on conjugate Kolbeinsey Ridge flanks, coincides with an increase in spreading rate and magmatic productivity. We suggest that both tectonic/kinematic and magmatic triggers produced Mid-Miocene–Present SOIFs, but the Early Miocene westwards ridge relocation may have played a role in delaying SOIF formation south of the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone. We conclude that Iceland plume episodic activity combined with regional changes in relative plate motion led to local mid-ocean ridge readjustments, which enhanced the likelihood of seamount formation.

Supplementary material:
Figures detailing NE Atlantic seamounts and SOIF distribution, and the location of earthquake epicentres are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3459729
Development of a Mobile Tool That Semiautomatically Screens Patients for Stroke Clinical Trials
Authors: Spokoyny Ilana , Lansberg Maarten , Thiessen Rosita , Kemp Stephanie M. , Aksoy Didem , Lee YongJae , Mlynash Michael , Hirsch Karen G. 
Published: September 2016

Background and Purpose—
Despite several national coordinated research networks, enrollment in many cerebrovascular trials remains challenging. An electronic tool was needed that would improve the efficiency and efficacy of screening for multiple simultaneous acute clinical stroke trials by automating the evaluation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, improving screening procedures and streamlining the communication process between the stroke research coordinators and the stroke clinicians.

Methods—
A multidisciplinary group consisting of physicians, study coordinators, and biostatisticians designed and developed an electronic clinical trial screening tool on a HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)-compliant platform.

Results—

A web-based tool was developed that uses branch logic to determine eligibility for simultaneously enrolling clinical trials and automatically notifies the study coordinator teams about eligible patients. After 12 weeks of use, 225 surveys were completed, and 51 patients were enrolled in acute stroke clinical trials. Compared with the 12 weeks before implementation of the tool, there was an increase in enrollment from 16.5% of patients screened to 23.4% of patients screened (
P
<0.05). Clinicians and coordinators reported increased satisfaction with the process and improved ease of screening.

Conclusions—
We created a semiautomated electronic screening tool that uses branch logic to screen patients for stroke clinical trials. The tool has improved efficiency and efficacy of screening, and it could be adapted for use at other sites and in other medical fields.
Parental Care–Seeking Behavior and Prehospital Timelines of Care in Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Mackay Mark T. , Stojanovski Belinda , Mosley Ian , Churilov Leonid , Donnan Geoffrey A. , Monagle Paul 
Published: September 2016

Background and Purpose—
Taking appropriate action in the prehospital setting is important for rapid stroke diagnosis in adults. Data are lacking for children. We aimed to describe parental care–seeking behavior and prehospital timelines of care in childhood arterial ischemic stroke.

Methods—
A structured questionnaire was developed, using value-focused event-driven conceptual modeling techniques, to interview parents of children presenting to the emergency department with arterial ischemic stroke from 2008 to 2014.

Results—
Twenty-five parents (median age 41 years, interquartile range 36–45) were interviewed. Twenty-four children were awake, and 1 child was asleep at stroke onset; 23 had sudden onset symptoms. Location at stroke onset included home (72%), school (8%), or other setting (20%). Carergivers present included parent (76%), another child (8%), teacher (4%), or alone (8%). Eighty-four percent of parents thought symptoms were serious, and 83% thought immediate action was required, but only 48% considered the possibility of stroke. Initial actions included calling an ambulance (36%), wait and see (24%), calling a general practitioner (16%) or family member (8%), and driving to the emergency department or family physician (both 8%). Median time from onset to emergency department arrival was 76 minutes (interquartile range 53–187), being shorter for ambulance-transported patients.

Conclusions—
Stroke recognition and care-seeking behavior are suboptimal, with less than half the parents considering stroke or calling an ambulance. Initiatives are required to educate parents about appropriate actions to facilitate time-critical interventions.
New and little known Orthoptera (Ensifera and Caelifera) from the Ñambí River Natural Reserve, Nariño, Colombia
Authors: CADENA-CASTAÑEDA OSCAR J. , GUTIÉRREZ YEISSON , BACCA TITO 
Published: September 2016

A preliminary checklist of the Orthopterans from the Ñambí River Natural reserve is presented. A total of 26 species were studied, five new species are herein described: Championica nambiensis n. sp., Cocconotus awa n. sp., Cocconotus levyi n. sp. (Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae), Antillicharis kwaiker n. sp. (Gryllidae) and Brachybaenus nariniensis n. sp. (Gryllacrididae). Three species are recorded from Colombia for the first time (Legua crenulata, Uvaroviella (Holacla) nebulosa and Anabropsis alata) and seven species are new records for Nariño department (Allotettix peruvianus, Ripipteryx ecuadoriensis, Neoconocephalus affinis, Anaulacomera poculigera, Orophus conspersus, Orophus tessellatus and Neocurtilla hexadactyla). Further comments on species distribution and taxonomy are given.
From neighbour to carer: An exploratory study on the role of non-kin-carers in end-of-life care at home for older people living alone
Authors: Pleschberger Sabine , Wosko Paulina 
Published: September 2016

Background: A growing number of older people are living in single households. They form a disadvantaged group within society as regards staying at home, most likely towards the end-of-life. It is mainly non-kin-carers who try to fulfil older people’s desire for a home death, but very little is known about the challenges they face during their involvement. Aim: Getting insight into the engagement of non-kin-carers in the support for older people living alone, and a better understanding of the challenges they have to manage in end-of-life care. Design: Exploratory qualitative design; perspectives of non-kin-carers were collected through personal in-depth interviews ( n = 15) retrospectively. Setting: Home care, urban and rural areas in Austria Findings: A slow and subtle transition into care is what characterizes non-kin-care relationships which show differences between friends and neighbours. Towards the end of life, the main challenges emerged around increased physical care needs, issues of decision-making and facing the process of dying. Prior experiences with the latter, which most of the involved carers had, influenced non-kin-carers’ steadiness to allow home death and so did reliable formal support, particularly from specialized palliative care teams. Conclusion: Support of older people living alone, in particular until the last stage of life, comes along with multiple efforts. Respectful and supporting relationships between professional carers and non-kin-carers are vital to keep non-kin-carers involved.
Differentiation of parathyroid carcinoma and adenoma by preoperative ultrasonography
Authors: Nam Meeyoung , Jeong Han-Seong , Shin Jung Hee 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundParathyroid carcinomas (PTC) are very rare. There have been a few studies on the contribution of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of PTC compared with parathyroid adenomas (PTA).PurposeTo identify the differences between US findings of PTC and PTA in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).Material and MethodsWe enrolled seven patients with PTC and 32 consecutive patients with PTA whose diagnoses were confirmed by surgery at our institution between March 1994 and June 2015. We retrospectively compared the US features of the two groups, as well as the demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics (age, gender, palpability, and serum ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone [PTH] levels).ResultsThe patients with PTC and PTA did not exhibit significant differences in terms of mean age (59.0 years versus 51.1 years; P = 0.2063), sex distribution (male:female, 4:3 versus 1:3; P = 0.1716), mean PTH levels (2855.0 pg/mL versus 1821.5 pg/mL; P = 0.2067), and mean ionized calcium levels (1.7 mMol/L versus 1.5 mMol/L; P = 0.1585) except palpability ( P < 0.0001). On US images, the PTCs were significantly larger (3.5 cm versus 1.9 cm; P = 0.0133) and exhibited higher incidences of heterogeneous echotexture ( P = 0.0002), irregular shape ( P < 0.0001), non-circumscribed margin ( P < 0.0001), intra-nodular calcifications ( P = 0.014), and local invasion ( P = 0.0004) compared to the PTAs.ConclusionIn preoperative patients with PHPT, PTCs are differentiated from PTAs by their palpability and significant US features: large size, heterogeneous echotexture, irregular shape, non-circumscribed margin, intra-nodular calcifications, and local invasion.