bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-Related Differences in Maximal and Rapid Torque Characteristics of the Hip Extensors and Dynamic Postural Balance in Healthy, Young and Old Females
Authors: Palmer Ty B. , Thiele Ryan M. , Thompson Brennan J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Palmer, TB, Thiele, RM, and Thompson, BJ. Age-related differences in maximal and rapid torque characteristics of the hip extensors and dynamic postural balance in healthy, young and old females. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 480–488, 2017—The purpose of this study was to examine age-related differences in maximal and rapid torque characteristics of the hip extensor muscles and dynamic postural balance in healthy, young and older females. Eleven younger (age, 26 ± 8 years) and 11 older (age, 67 ± 8 years) females performed 2 isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the hip extensor muscles. Absolute and relative peak torque (PT) and rate of torque development (RTD) at early (0–50 ms) and late (0–200 ms) phases of muscle contraction were examined during each MVC. Dynamic postural balance was assessed using a commercially designed balance testing device, which provides a measurement of dynamic stability based on the overall stability index (OSI). Results indicated that absolute PT and early (RTD50) and late (RTD200) RTD variables were lower (p = 0.009–0.050), and postural OSI was higher (p = 0.011) in the old compared with the younger females; however, no differences were observed for relative PT or RTD variables (p = 0.113–0.895). A significant relationship was also observed in the older (r = −0.601; p = 0.050) but not the younger (r = −0.132; p = 0.698) females between RTD50 and OSI. The lower absolute PT and RTD and higher OSI values for the old females may contribute to the increased functional limitations often observed in older adults. The significant relationship observed in the older females between OSI and RTD50 perhaps suggests that these age-related declines in explosive strength may be an important characteristic relevant to dynamic balance scores, especially in older populations.
The Effects of a Single Whole-Body Cryotherapy Exposure on Physiological, Performance, and Perceptual Responses of Professional Academy Soccer Players After Repeated Sprint Exercise
Authors: Russell Mark , Birch Jack , Love Thomas , Cook Christian J. , Bracken Richard M. , Taylor Tom , Swift Eamon , Cockburn Emma , Finn Charlie , Cunningham Daniel , Wilson Laura , Kilduff Liam P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRussell, M, Birch, J, Love, T, Cook, CJ, Bracken, RM, Taylor, T, Swift, E, Cockburn, E, Finn, C, Cunningham, D, Wilson, L, and Kilduff, LP. The effects of a single whole-body cryotherapy exposure on physiological, performance, and perceptual responses of professional academy soccer players after repeated sprint exercise.J Strength Cond Res31(2): 415–421, 2017—In professional youth soccer players, the physiological, performance, and perceptual effects of a single whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) session performed shortly after repeated sprint exercise were investigated. In a randomized, counterbalanced, and crossover design, 14 habituated English Premier League academy soccer players performed 15 × 30 m sprints (each followed by a 10 m forced deceleration) on 2 occasions. Within 20 minutes of exercise cessation, players entered a WBC chamber (Cryo: 30 seconds at −60° C, 120 seconds at −135° C) or remained seated (Con) indoors in temperate conditions (∼25° C). Blood and saliva samples, peak power output (countermovement jump), and perceptual indices of recovery and soreness were assessed pre-exercise and immediately, 2-hour and 24-hour postexercise. When compared with Con, a greater testosterone response was observed at 2-hour (+32.5 ± 32.3 pg·ml−1, +21%) and 24-hour (+50.4 ± 48.9 pg·ml−1, +28%) postexercise (bothP= 0.002) in Cryo (trial × treatment interaction:P= 0.001). No between-trial differences were observed for other salivary (cortisol and testosterone/cortisol ratio), blood (lactate and creatine kinase), performance (peak power output), or perceptual (recovery or soreness) markers (all trial × treatment interactions:P> 0.05); all of which were influenced by exercise (time effects: allP≤ 0.05). A single session of WBC performed within 20 minutes of repeated sprint exercise elevated testosterone concentrations for 24 hours but did not affect any other performance, physiological, or perceptual measurements taken. Although unclear, WBC may be efficacious for professional soccer players during congested fixture periods.
Shank Modulates Postsynaptic Wnt Signaling to Regulate Synaptic Development
Authors: Harris Kathryn P. , Akbergenova Yulia , Cho Richard W. , Baas-Thomas Maximilien S. , Littleton J. Troy 
Published: May 2016

Prosap/Shank scaffolding proteins regulate the formation, organization, and plasticity of excitatory synapses. Mutations inSHANKfamily genes are implicated in autism spectrum disorder and other neuropsychiatric conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Shank function are not fully understood, and no study to date has examined the consequences of complete loss of all Shank proteinsin vivo. Here we characterize the singleDrosophilaProsap/Shank family homolog. Shank is enriched at the postsynaptic membrane of glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions and controls multiple parameters of synapse biology in a dose-dependent manner. Both loss and overexpression ofShankresult in defects in synaptic bouton number and maturation. We find that Shank regulates a noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway in the postsynaptic cell by modulating the internalization of the Wnt receptor Fz2. This study identifies Shank as a key component of synaptic Wnt signaling, defining a novel mechanism for how Shank contributes to synapse maturation during neuronal development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHaploinsufficiency for SHANK3 is one of the most prevalent monogenic causes of autism spectrum disorder, making it imperative to understand how the Shank family regulates neurodevelopment and synapse function. We created the first animal model lacking all Shank proteins and used theDrosophilaneuromuscular junction, a model glutamatergic synapse, to characterize the role of Shank at synapses. We identified a novel function of Shank in synapse maturation via regulation of Wnt signaling in the postsynaptic cell.
Prenatal Fish Oil Supplementation and Allergy: 6-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Best Karen P. , Sullivan Thomas , Palmer Debra , Gold Michael , Kennedy Declan (John) , Martin James , Makrides Maria 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Evidence from randomized controlled trials in early infancy suggest that prenatal supplementation with Ω-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) reduces the incidence of allergic disease characterized by an immunoglobulin E (IgE) response. We aimed to determine whether protective effects were evident in the 6-year-old offspring of women supplemented with n-3 rich fish oil during pregnancy.

METHODS:
Six-year follow-up of children (n = 706) with a family history of allergic disease from the Docosahexaenoic Acid to Optimize Mother Infant Outcome (DOMInO) trial. Women were randomly allocated to receive n-3 LCPUFA-rich fish oil capsules (800 mg/d docosahexaenoic acid DHA and 100mg/d eicosapentaenoic acid) or vegetable oil capsules (without n-3 LCPUFA). Allergic disease symptoms including eczema, wheeze, rhinitis, and rhino-conjunctivitis, were assessed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire and sensitization to allergens was measured by skin prick test.

RESULTS:
There was no difference in the percentage of children with any IgE-associated allergic disease between the n-3 LCPUFA and control groups (116/367 [31.5%] vs 106/336 [31.5%]; adjusted relative risk, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–1.33; P = .73). There was a reduction in the percentage of children sensitized to house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae (49/367 [13.4%] vs 68/336 [20.3%]; adjusted relative risk, 0.67, 95% confidence interval, 0.44–1.00; P = .0495).

CONCLUSIONS:
Prenatal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation did not reduce IgE-associated allergic disease at 6 years of age. Secondary outcomes were suggestive of a protective effect of the intervention on the incidence of D. farinae sensitization.
Perioperative Schmerztherapie bei Hund und Katze – eine Übersicht
Authors: Pieper Korbinian 
Published: May 2016

ZusammenfassungUnzureichend behandelte Schmerzen führen zu negativen systemischen Effekten und unter Umständen zu einer massiven Störung des Allgemeinbefindens unserer Patienten. Aus diesem Grund sollte ein Schmerzbeurteilungsplan standardmäßig in die klinischen Abläufe eingebunden sein. Für Hund und Katze stehen validierte Schmerz - beurteilungspläne zur Verfügung. Im Rahmen einer fortschrittlichen Schmerztherapie ist das Prinzip der multimodalen Analgesie zu beachten. Dies bedeutet, dass verschiedene analgetische Wirkstoffgruppen miteinander kombiniert werden, die ihre Wirkung an unterschiedlichen Stellen des Schmerzentstehungs- und Schmerzleitungssystems entfalten. Neben Opioiden, nichtsteroidalen Antiphlogistika und Lo - kalanästhetika finden unter anderem α2-Rezeptor-Agonisten, Ketamin und Gabapentin Anwendung. Hinzu kommen diverse nichtpharmakologische Therapieformen.
Dermatoglyphics and Cheiloscopy as Key Tools in Resolving the Genetic Correlation of Inheritance Patterns in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: An Assessment of 160 Patients
Authors: Singh Priyankar , Nathani Dipesh B. 
Published: May 2016

Objective The objective of this study was to correlate dermatoglyphics and cheiloscopy with genetic inheritance in cleft lip and cleft palate patients. Design and Setting This was a case-control study to look for asymmetry in finger and lip print patterns. All of the participants were divided into two equal groups (40 mothers and 40 fathers in each group). The data were analyzed by three evaluators who were blind to the study to avoid any chances of error. Patients/Participants A sample of 160 sporadic participants were identified and evaluated. Group A was composed of 80 healthy parents not affected by cleft lip and cleft palate but had at least one child born with nonsyndromic cleft. Group B consisted of 80 healthy parents not affected by cleft lip and cleft palate and had healthy children without cleft lip and cleft palate. Main Outcome Measures Main outcome measures were marked dermatoglyphic asymmetry and specific lip print pattern in the study group. Results We found marked asymmetry in various fingerprints and specific type II and type III lip print in the study group when compared with the control group. It was observed that groove count on the lip was significantly more frequent in study group parents. Conclusion Our study determined that there is a significant correlation between increased dermatoglyphic asymmetry and specific type II and type III lip print pattern in parents of children born with cleft. This could act as an important screening marker for the prediction of cleft lip and cleft palate inheritance.
Dispositivos Digitais no Ensino Superior: Percepções de Alunos de Administração
Authors: Lino Junior Fernando , Rolim Anderson Teixeira , De Carvalho Sérgio Freitas 
Published: May 2016

<p>O presente trabalho trata das questões que permeiam o uso das Novas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (NTIC) no curso superior de<br />Administração. Tem como objetivo geral verificar a aceitação da utilização de mídias móveis no ensino de Administração e, como objetivos específicos, descrever a percepção dos alunos pesquisados em relação ao uso de mídias móveis e das tecnologias digitais, apontar algumas das mudanças proporcionadas pela integração das NTIC nas práticas comunicacionais, e evidenciar pontos relevantes para a utilização de mídias móveis no ensino de Administração. Como problema de pesquisa, parte-se do seguinte questionamento: tendo por base a evidente expansão das tecnologias digitais no cotidiano, cristalizadas na presença constante do smartphone, esse dispositivo digital pode ser utilizado como ferramenta pedagógica no ensino de Administração? Os dados confirmam a tendência de que a integração das NTIC no processo de ensino é percebida como um fator positivo, seja porque atua no acesso rápido à informação e à comunicação, seja porque já faz parte da intimidade dos alunos consultados. Conclui-se que a integração de dispositivos digitais e das redes telemáticas no ensino de Administração se revela como uma<br />estratégia válida para que se estabeleçam as relações mais efetivas com as práticas administrativas desses futuros profissionais.</p>
Formação de Professores em Ciências Biológicas: Desafios, Limites e Possibilidades
Authors: Viégas Ana Luísa Dela Cruz , Cruz Lílian Mara Dela , Mendes Ana Paula Faustino Tieti 
Published: May 2016

<p>Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa teórica que tem o objetivo de verificar como estão ocorrendo as discussões em torno da Formação do Professor de Ciências/Biologia, que atua do 6º ao 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, tendo em vista a relação teórico-prática, no encaminhamento das ações pedagógicas. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de mapeamento dos trabalhos publicados no Grupo de Trabalho de Formação de Professores - GT 8, na Associação Nacional dos Pesquisadores de Pós-Graduação em Educação - ANPED. Os artigos foram selecionados a partir dos descritores: licenciatura/formação inicial, formação continuada, Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Superior; Ciências e Biologia. No movimento da pesquisa emergiram temas, que proporcionaram mostrar o panorama das produções, no período de 2001-2010, destacando-se as pesquisas sobre formação do professor de Ciências/Biologia, alvo do estudo. Os resultados apontaram que a formação inicial e continuada ou permanente de professores precisa ser repensada no aspecto teórico-metodológico para as diferentes áreas do conhecimento<br />e compartilhada, por ser uma decisão política que implica a formação de outro indivíduo, podendo contribuir para a constituição de futuros professores, fundada em modos de mediação adequados dos formadores, especialmente, de áreas científicas específicas, ao tomarem também para si a responsabilidade por tal formação.</p>
Supply–demand equilibria and the size–number trade‐off in spatially structured recreational fisheries
Authors: Wilson Kyle L. , Cantin Ariane , Ward Hillary G. M. , Newton Eric R. , Mee Jonathan A. , Varkey Divya A. , Parkinson Eric A. , Post John R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRecreational fishing effort varies across complex inland landscapes (e.g., lake‐districts) and appears influenced by both angler preferences and qualities of the fishery resource, like fish size and abundance. However, fish size and abundance have an ecological trade‐off within a population, thereby structuring equal‐quality isopleths expressing this trade‐off across the fishing landscape. Since expressed preferences of recreational anglers (i.e., site‐selection of high‐quality fishing opportunities among many lakes) can be analogous to optimal foraging strategies of natural predators, adopting such concepts can aid in understanding scale‐dependence in fish–angler interactions and impacts of fishing across broad landscapes. Here, we assumed a fish supply–angler demand equilibria and adapted a novel bivariate measure of fishing quality based on fish size and catch rates to assess how recreational anglers influence fishing quality among a complex inland landscape. We then applied this metric to evaluate (1) angler preferences for caught and released fish compared to harvested fish, (2) the nonlinear size–numbers trade‐off with uncertainty in both traits, and (3) the spatial‐scale of the equilibria across 62 lakes and four independent management regions in British Columbia's (BC) rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fishery. We found anglers had low preference for caught and released fish (~10% of the value compared to harvested fish), which modified anglers' perception of fishing quality. Hence, fishing quality and angler effort was not influenced simply by total fish caught, but largely by harvested fish catch rates. Fishing quality varied from BC's northern regions (larger fish and more abundant) compared to southern regions (smaller fish and less abundant) directly associated with a 2.5 times increase in annual fishing effort in southern regions, suggesting that latent fishing pressure can structure the size–numbers trade‐off in rainbow trout populations. The presence of two different equal‐quality isopleths suggests at least two effective landscapes support co‐occurring ideal free distributions of recreational fishing effort in BC's rainbow fishery. Anglers' expressed preferences among lakes interacted with density dependent growth and survival within lakes to structure a size–numbers trade‐off influencing how anglers perceive fishing quality and, ultimately, distribute across complex inland landscapes.
A generalizable energetics‐based model of avian migration to facilitate continental‐scale waterbird conservation
Authors: Lonsdorf Eric V. , Thogmartin Wayne E. , Jacobi Sarah , Aagaard Kevin , Coppen Jorge , Davis Amélie , Fox Timothy , Heglund Patricia , Johnson Rex , Jones Malcolm T. , Kenow Kevin , Lyons James E. , Luke Kirsten , Still Shannon , Tavernia Brian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractConserving migratory birds is made especially difficult because of movement among spatially disparate locations across the annual cycle. In light of challenges presented by the scale and ecology of migratory birds, successful conservation requires integrating objectives, management, and monitoring across scales, from local management units to ecoregional and flyway administrative boundaries. We present an integrated approach using a spatially explicit energetic‐based mechanistic bird migration model useful to conservation decision‐making across disparate scales and locations. This model moves a Mallard‐like bird (Anas platyrhynchos), through spring and fall migration as a function of caloric gains and losses across a continental‐scale energy landscape. We predicted with this model that fall migration, where birds moved from breeding to wintering habitat, took a mean of 27.5 d of flight with a mean seasonal survivorship of 90.5% (95% CI = 89.2%, 91.9%), whereas spring migration took a mean of 23.5 d of flight with mean seasonal survivorship of 93.6% (95% CI = 92.5%, 94.7%). Sensitivity analyses suggested that survival during migration was sensitive to flight speed, flight cost, the amount of energy the animal could carry, and the spatial pattern of energy availability, but generally insensitive to total energy availability per se. Nevertheless, continental patterns in the bird‐use days occurred principally in relation to wetland cover and agricultural habitat in the fall. Bird‐use days were highest in both spring and fall in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley and along the coast and near‐shore environments of South Carolina. Spatial sensitivity analyses suggested that locations nearer to migratory endpoints were less important to survivorship; for instance, removing energy from a 1036 km2stopover site at a time from the Atlantic Flyway suggested coastal areas between New Jersey and North Carolina, including the Chesapeake Bay and the North Carolina piedmont, are essential locations for efficient migration and increasing survivorship during spring migration but not locations in Ontario and Massachusetts. This sort of spatially explicit information may allow decision‐makers to prioritize their conservation actions toward locations most influential to migratory success. Thus, this mechanistic model of avian migration provides a decision‐analytic medium integrating the potential consequences of local actions to flyway‐scale phenomena.
Long‐term declines in stream and river inorganic nitrogen (N) export correspond to forest change
Authors: Lucas Richard W. , Sponseller Ryan A. , Gundale Michael J. , Stendahl Johan , Fridman Jonas , Högberg Peter , Laudon Hjalmar 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHuman activities have exerted a powerful influence on the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) and drive changes that can be a challenge to predict given the influence of multiple environmental stressors. This study focused on understanding how land management and climate change have together influenced terrestrial N storage and watershed inorganic N export across boreal and sub‐arctic landscapes in northern Sweden. Using long‐term discharge and nutrient concentration data that have been collected continuously for over three decades, we calculated the hydrologic inorganic N export from nine watersheds in this region. We found a consistent decline in inorganic N export from 1985 to 2011 over the entire region from both small and large watersheds, despite the absence of any long‐term trend in river discharge during this period. The steepest declines in inorganic N export were observed during the growing season, consistent with the hypothesis that observed changes are biologically mediated and are not the result of changes in long‐term hydrology. Concurrent with the decrease in inorganic N export, we report sustained increases in terrestrial N accumulation in forest biomass and soils across northern Sweden. Given the close communication of nutrient and energy stores between plants, soils, and waters, our results indicate a regional tightening of the N cycle in an already N‐limited environment as a result of changes in forest management and climate‐mediated growth increases. Our results are consistent with declining inorganic N efflux previously reported from small headwater streams in other ecosystems and shed new light on the mechanisms controlling these patterns by identifying corresponding shifts in the terrestrial N balance, which have been altered by a combination of management activities and climate change.
Translocation strategies for multiple species depend on interspecific interaction type
Authors: Plein Michaela , Bode Michael , Moir Melinda L. , Vesk Peter A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractConservation translocations, anthropogenic movements of species to prevent their extinction, have increased substantially over the last few decades. Although multiple species are frequently moved to the same location, current translocation guidelines consider species in isolation. This practice ignores important interspecific interactions and thereby risks translocation failure. We model three different two‐species systems to illustrate the inherent complexity of multispecies translocations and to assess the influence of different interaction types (consumer‐resource, mutualism, and competition) on translocation strategies. We focus on how these different interaction types influence the optimal founder population sizes for successful translocations and the order in which the species are moved (simultaneous or sequential). Further, we assess the effect of interaction strength in simultaneous translocations and the time delay between translocations when moving two species sequentially. Our results show that translocation decisions need to reflect the type of interaction. While all translocations of interacting species require a minimum founder population size, which is demarked by an extinction boundary, consumer–resource translocations also have a maximum founder population limit. Above the minimum founder size, increasing the number of translocated individuals leads to a substantial increase in the extinction boundary of competitors and consumers, but not of mutualists. Competitive and consumer–resource systems benefit from sequential translocations, but the order of translocations does not change the outcomes for mutualistic interaction partners noticeably. Interspecific interactions are important processes that shape population dynamics and should therefore be incorporated into the quantitative planning of multispecies translocations. Our findings apply whenever interacting species are moved, for example, in reintroductions, conservation introductions, biological control, or ecosystem restoration.