bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AIDS-Related Endemic Mycoses in Western Cape, South Africa, and Clinical Mimics: A Cross-Sectional Study of Adults With Advanced HIV and Recent-Onset, Widespread Skin Lesions
Authors: Schwartz Ilan S , Kenyon Chris , Lehloenya Rannakoe , Claasens Saskya , Spengane Zandile , Prozesky Hans , Burton Rosie , Parker Arifa , Wasserman Sean , Meintjes Graeme , Mendelson Marc , Taljaard Jantjie , Schneider Johann W , Beylis Natalie , Maloba Bonnie , Govender Nelesh P , Colebunders Robert , Dlamini Sipho 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Skin lesions are common in advanced HIV infection and are sometimes caused by serious diseases like systemic mycoses (SM). AIDS-related SM endemic to Western Cape, South Africa, include emergomycosis (formerly disseminated emmonsiosis), histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis. We previously reported that 95% of patients with AIDS-related emergomycosis had skin lesions, although these were frequently overlooked or misdiagnosed clinically. Prospective studies are needed to characterize skin lesions of SM in South Africa and to help distinguish these from common HIV-related dermatoses.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled HIV-infected adult patients living in Western Cape, South Africa, with CD4 counts ≤100 cells/μL and widespread skin lesions present ≤6 months that were deemed clinically compatible with SM. We obtained skin biopsies for histopathology and fungal culture and collected epidemiological and clinical data.

Results
Of 34 patients enrolled and in whom a diagnosis could be made, 25 had proven SM: 14 had emergomycosis, and 3 each had histoplasmosis and sporotrichosis; for 5 additional patients, the fungal species could not be identified. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) had been initiated in the preceding 4 weeks for 11/25 (44%) patients with SM (vs no patients without SM). Plaques and scale crust occurred more frequently in patients with SM (96% vs 25%, P = .0002; and 67% vs 13%, P = .01, respectively).

Conclusions
Recent ART initiation and presence of plaques or scale crust should make clinicians consider SM in patients with advanced HIV infection in this geographic area. Clinical overlap between SM and other dermatoses makes early skin biopsy critical for timely diagnosis and treatment.
First results on the cluster galaxy population from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey. I. The role of group or cluster environment in star formation quenching from z = 0.2 to 1.1
Authors: Jian Hung-Yu , Lin Lihwai , Oguri Masamune , Nishizawa Atsushi J , Takada Masahiro , More Surhud , Koyama Yusei , Tanaka Masayuki , Komiyama Yutaka 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We utilize the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) CAMIRA cluster catalog (Oguri et al. 2018 PASJ, 70, S20) and the photo-z galaxy catalog constructed in the HSC Wide field (S16A), covering ∼174 deg2, to study the star formation activity of galaxies in different environments over 0.2 &lt; z &lt; 1.1. We probe galaxies down to i ∼ 26, corresponding to a stellar mass limit of log10(M*/M⊙) ∼ 8.2 and ∼8.6 for star-forming and quiescent populations, respectively, at z ∼ 0.2. The existence of the red sequence for low stellar mass galaxies in clusters suggests that the environmental quenching persists to halt the star formation in the low-mass regime. In addition, star-forming galaxies in groups or clusters are systematically biased toward lower values of specific star formation rate by 0.1–0.3 dex with respect to those in the field, and the offsets show no strong redshift evolution over our redshift range, implying a universal slow quenching mechanism acting in the dense environments since z ∼ 1.1. Moreover, the environmental quenching dominates the mass quenching in low-mass galaxies, and the quenching dominance reverses in high-mass ones. The transition mass is greater in clusters than in groups, indicating that the environmental quenching is more effective for massive galaxies in clusters compared to groups.
Dual Vascular Free Anterolateral Thigh Flap
Authors: Numajiri Toshiaki , Morita Daiki , Tsujiko Shoko , Nakamura Hiroko , Sowa Yoshihiro , Arai Akihito , Masahiro Matsui , Nakano Hiroshi , Hirano Shigeru 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The optimum number of microvascular anastomoses for safe free tissue transfer is controversial. Although the case for 2 venous anastomoses versus 1 anastomosis has been argued, the use of an additional arterial anastomosis has not been examined in detail.

Methods:
Twelve patients who underwent 2 arterial anastomoses for a free flap transfer were identified retrospectively from the medical records of patients undergoing reconstruction for head and neck cancer. The free flaps were limited to anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps.

Results:
All flaps survived. Complications included venous thrombosis (n = 1), reexploration (n = 1), and leakage (n = 3). The vascular patterns of dual-arterialized ALT flaps were classified into 3 groups. Types 1 and 2 were ALT flaps that had 2 vascular sources from the descending and lateral branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. The number of accompanying veins differed between type 1 (3 veins) and type 2 (2 veins). Type 3 differed from a conventional ALT flap nourished by the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (1 vein) by the addition of anastomosis of an artery branching from the descending branch to the vastus medialis muscle. The total operation times for these 3 types of ALT were similar.

Conclusions:
An additional arterial anastomosis to the free cutaneous flap did not cause any congestion or disturb the balance between inflow and outflow. If the surgeon considers that the first arterial anastomosis is unreliable, an additional anastomosis might be an option in ALT transfer.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in the Setting of Mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter Syndrome)
Authors: Argenta Anne E. , Davit Alexander 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a rare finding in children, but heavily represented in pediatric patients with mucopolysaccharidoses. Diagnosis is a challenge due to lack of the stereotypical symptomatic complaints and relies on examination and objective nerve conduction studies.

Methods:
We present a case of delayed presentation of CTS in a 12-year-old boy with Hunter syndrome, followed by a review of the literature.

Results:
Patient Z.D. presented with minimal reported CTS symptoms but advanced median nerve damage on electromyography. He underwent bilateral carpal tunnel release with median nerve neurolysis and flexor tenosynovectomies. Intraoperative examination demonstrated the presence of a “waist sign” of the median nerve and moderate flexor tenosynovial hypertrophy bilaterally. Parents reported mild subjective improvement of dexterity and fine motor skills postoperatively.

Conclusion:
To optimize functional outcome, routine screening for CTS and intervention at an early age are emphasized in the mucopolysaccharidoses population.
MACULAR HOLE IN A YOUNG PATIENT AFFECTED BY FAMILIAL EXUDATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY
Authors: Bochicchio Sara , Pellegrini Marco , Cereda Matteo , Oldani Marta , Staurenghi Giovanni 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To report a case of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in which genetic testing was used to confirm the diagnosis with a new mutation identified in FZD4 gene.

Methods:
A 28-year-old girl was addressed to our clinic for surgical management of a macular hole possibly associated with Coats disease. Multimodal imaging was performed including fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein, and indocyanine green angiography.

Results:
On examination, visual acuity was light perception secondary to previous retinal detachment and 20/32, respectively, in her right and left eye. Clinical and imaging evaluations showed findings suggestive for familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography study of the macula showed a macular pucker with lamellar macular hole and a conservative approach was preferred. After 18 months of observation, the patient underwent surgery secondary to the onset of a full thickness macular hole. After 24 months, the patient’s vision was 20/32. Genetic testing was used to confirm the diagnosis demonstrating 2 new mutations in FZD4 gene.

Conclusion:
Our case emphasizes the importance of a prompt recognition of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy disease also using gene testing and a close follow-up to prevent and manage possible complications.
EXOGENOUS MENINGOCOCCAL ENDOPHTHALMITIS: A CASE REVIEW
Authors: Goh Rachel L. Z. , Sandhu Sukhpal S. , Allen Penelope J. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
We describe a rare case of exogenous endophthalmitis due to Neisseria meningitidis, of which only two have previously been published.

Methods:
Retrospective audit of patient's medical notes.

Patients:
An 82-year-old man from The Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, a tertiary ophthalmic service in Melbourne, Australia.

Results:
Found to have exogenous endophthalmitis from a leaking, filtering bleb.

Conclusion:
This seems to be the first case in which a conjunctival swab was diagnostic. These cases demonstrate that it is reasonable to consider meningococcal endophthalmitis in systemically well patients with leaky filtering blebs. Of note for occupational health and safety, prophylaxis is not required for staff contacts treating these patients.
SIMULTANEOUS CHOROIDAL AND RETINAL METASTASES FROM LUNG CARCINOMA
Authors: Jorge Danilo M. , Labarrere Marina , Rodrigues Murilo W. , Shields Carol L. , Jorge Rodrigo 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Intraocular metastasis is most commonly found within the choroid because of its luxurious blood supply, whereas metastasis to the retina, from a separate blood supply, is very rare. We report a rare case of synchronous metastases from lung carcinoma to the choroid of the right eye and the retina of the left eye and a complaint of low vision in the right eye.

Methods:
We report a 63-year-old woman with progressive reduction of vision in her right eye for 1 year without previous history of cancer. The patient underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination that included a multimodal evaluation: near-infrared reflectance scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, blue autofluorescence, and enhanced-depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography (EDI SD-OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany).

Results:
Ophthalmoscopic examination revealed a yellow choroidal mass measuring 6 × 6 mm with overlying subretinal fluid and involving the macular area in the right eye. In the left eye, there was a superior juxtapapillary yellow-colored mass involving the retina and measuring 1 × 1 mm. Optical coherence tomography revealed the subretinal fluid contouring a dome-shaped choroidal mass in the right eye and intraretinal nodular tumor superior to the optic disk of the left eye. Chest computed tomography revealed a pulmonary nodule measuring 2.5 mm × 1.4 mm, and biopsy of the liver metastasis confirmed the diagnosis of mucinous lung carcinoma.

Conclusion:
The final diagnosis was presumed choroidal metastasis in the right eye and retinal metastasis in the left eye from underlying mucinous carcinoma of the lung.
Virologic Response to Early Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-infected Infants
Authors: Ateba Ndongo Francis , Texier Gaetan , Ida Penda Calixte , Tejiokem Mathurin Cyrille , Tetang Ndiang Suzie , Ndongo Jean-Audrey , Guemkam Georgette , Sofeu Casimir Ledoux , Kfutwah Anfumbom , Faye Albert , Msellati Philippe , Warszawski Josiane 
Published: August 2017

Introduction:
Little is known about virologic responses to early antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected infants in resource-limited settings. We estimated the probability of achieving viral suppression within 2 years of ART initiation and investigated the factors associated with success.

Methods:
We analyzed all 190 infants from the Cameroon Pediacam who initiated ART by 12 months of age. The main outcome measure was viral suppression (<1000 copies/mL) on at least 1 occasion; the other outcome measures considered were viral suppression (<400 copies/mL) on at least 1 occasion and confirmed viral suppression (both thresholds) on 2 consecutive occasions. We used competing-risks regression for a time-to-event analysis to estimate the cumulative incidence of outcomes and univariate and multivariate models to identify risk factors.

Results:
During the first 24 months of ART, 20.0% (38) of the infants died, giving a mortality rate of 11.9 deaths per 100 infant-years (95% confidence interval: 8.1–15.7). The probability of achieving a viral load below 1000 or 400 copies/mL was 80.0% (69.0–81.0) and 78.0% (66.0–79.0), respectively. The probability of virologic suppression (with these 2 thresholds) on 2 consecutive occasions was 67.0% (56.0–70.0) and 60.0% (49.0–64.0), respectively. Virologic success was associated with not having missed any doses of treatment before the visit, but not with socioeconomic and living conditions.

Conclusion:
Many early treated children failed to achieve virologic suppression, likely due to a combination of adherence difficulties, drug dosing and viral resistance, which highlights the need for routine viral load monitoring. The high infant mortality despite early ART initiation needs to be addressed in sub-Saharan countries.
Retrospective Evaluation of the Use of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam at a Large Academic Medical Center
Authors: Sacha Gretchen L. , Neuner Elizabeth A. , Athans Vasilios , Bass Stephanie N. , Pallotta Andrea , Rivard Kaitlyn R. , Bauer Seth R. , Brizendine Kyle D. 
Published: August 2017

Background
Ceftolozane/tazobactam is currently Food and Drug Administration–approved for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections; however, it is often used in clinical practice for nosocomial pneumonia, particularly due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Previous data in this area are limited to small case studies.

Methods
This was a retrospective case series of all patients receiving ceftolozane/tazobactam for a variety of infectious indications at a large academic medical center.

Results
There were 60 cases included in this evaluation. Most patients were treated for pneumonia (34 [56.7%]), followed by intra-abdominal infection (11 [18.3%]), skin and soft tissue infection (3 [5%]), primary bacteremia (4 [6.7%]), bone and joint infection (2 [3.3%]), and pleural space infection (2 [3.3%]); 12 patient encounters (20%) had a concomitant bacteremia. Most patients had P. aeruginosa isolated (86.7%): 18 (34.6%) of these were non–multidrug resistant (MDR), 21 MDR (40.4%), and 13 extensively drug resistant (25%). The overall ceftolozane/tazobactam susceptibility rate was 83% with rates of 94.1%, 94.7%, and 45.5%, respectively, for non-MDR, MDR, and extensively drug-resistant isolates. Clinical cure was achieved in 25 (64.1%), clinical failure occurred in 10 (25.6%), and clinical status was unable to be determined in 4 cases (10.3%). Ten patients died in the hospital while on ceftolozane/tazobactam.

Conclusions
It seems that ceftolozane/tazobactam is a reasonable option for P. aeruginosa infections, yet prospective analyses are needed to further guide dosing recommendations and provide additional insight into patient outcomes associated with the use of this agent.
Protective Effect of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Muscular Damage Using a Mouse Hindlimb Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model
Authors: Watanabe Mai , Kamimura Naomi , Iuchi Katsuya , Nishimaki Kiyomi , Yokota Takashi , Ogawa Rei , Ohta Shigeo 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the leading causes of tissue damage and dysfunction, in particular, free tissue transfer, traumatically amputated extremity, and prolonged tourniquet application during extremity surgery. In this study, the authors investigated the therapeutic effects of hydrogen gas on skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Methods:
The authors compared the concentration of hydrogen in a muscle on intraperitoneal administration of hydrogen-rich saline and on inhalation of hydrogen gas. Animals were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. Mice were treated with inhalation of hydrogen gas, and the hind gastrocnemius muscle was collected. Muscle morphology and inflammatory change were evaluated after ischemia-reperfusion. Moreover, a footprint test was performed to assess the functional effect of hydrogen.

Results:
Hydrogen concentration of tissue was significantly higher, and the elevated level was maintained longer by hydrogen gas inhalation than by intraperitoneal administration of hydrogen-rich saline. Infarct zone and area with loss of tissue structure and marked cellular infiltration were significantly decreased in groups treated by hydrogen gas inhalation during ischemia-reperfusion; however, these effects were not observed by posttreatment of hydrogen. One week after ischemia-reperfusion, mice that had been pretreated with hydrogen gas recovered faster and achieved smoother walking in appearance compared with mice in the other groups as assessed by the footprint test.

Conclusions:
Inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates muscle damage, inhibits inflammatory response, and enhances functional recovery. These findings suggest that the optimal route for hydrogen delivery is continuous inhalation of hydrogen gas, which could be a novel clinical mode of treatment in ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Evolutionary genetics of cytoplasmic incompatibility genescifAandcifBin prophage WO ofWolbachia
Authors: Lindsey Amelia R. I. , Rice Danny W. , Bordenstein Sarah R. , Brooks Andrew W. , Bordenstein Seth R. , Newton Irene L. G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe bacterial endosymbiontWolbachiamanipulates arthropod reproduction to facilitate its maternal spread through populations. The most common manipulation is cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI):Wolbachia-infected males produce modified sperm that cause embryonic mortality, unless rescued by eggs harboring the sameWolbachia. The genes underlying CI,cifAandcifB,were recently identified in the eukaryotic association module ofWolbachia’s prophage WO. Here, we use transcriptomic and genomic approaches to address three important evolutionary facets of these genes. First, we assess whether or notcifAandcifBcomprise a classic toxin-antitoxin operon, and show they do not form an operon in strainwMel. They coevolve but exhibit strikingly distinct expression across host development. Second, we provide new domain and functional predictions across homologs withinWolbachia, and we show amino acid sequences vary substantially across the genus. Lastly, we investigate conservation ofcifAandcifBand find degradation and loss of the genes is common in strains that no longer induce CI. Taken together, we find no evidence for the operon hypothesis inwMel, provide functional annotations that broaden the potential mechanisms of CI induction, illuminate recurrent erosion ofcifAandcifBin non-CI strains, and advance an understanding of the most widespread form of reproductive parasitism.
Signal complexity of human intracranial EEG tracks successful associative memory formation across individuals
Authors: Sheehan Timothy C. , Sreekumar Vishnu , Inati Sara K. , Zaghloul Kareem A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMemory performance is highly variable between individuals. Most studies examining human memory, however, have largely focused on the neural correlates of successful memory formation within individuals, rather than the differences between them. As such, what gives rise to this variability is poorly understood. Here, we examined intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings captured from 43 participants (23 male) implanted with subdural electrodes for seizure monitoring as they performed a paired-associates verbal memory task. We identified three separate but related signatures of neural activity that tracked differences in successful memory formation across individuals. High performing individuals consistently exhibited less broadband power, flatter power spectral density (PSD) slopes, and greater complexity in their iEEG signals. Furthermore, within individuals across three separate time scales ranging from seconds to days, successful recall was positively associated with these same metrics. Our data therefore suggest that memory ability across individuals can be indexed by increased neural signal complexity.Significance StatementWe show that participants whose intracranial EEG exhibits less low frequency power, flatter power spectrums, and greater sample entropy overall are better able to memorize associations, and that the same metrics track fluctuations in memory performance across time within individuals. These metrics together signify greater neural signal complexity which may index the brain’s ability to flexibly engage with information and generate separable memory representations. Critically, the current set of results provide a unique window into the neural markers of individual differences in memory performance which have hitherto been underexplored.
cytoNet: Spatiotemporal Network Analysis of Cell Communities
Authors: Mahadevan Arun S. , Long Byron L. , Hu Chenyue W. , Ryan David T. , Grandel Nicolas E. , Maloney Zacharie , Britton George L. , Gonzalez Porras Maria A. , Stojkova Katerina , Ligeralde Andrew , Son Hyeonwi , Shannonhouse John , Robinson Jacob T. , Warmflash Aryeh , Brey Eric , Kim Yu Shin , Qutub Amina A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe introduce cytoNet, a cloud-based tool to characterize cell populations from microscopy images. cytoNet quantifies spatial topology and functional relationships in cell communities using principles of network science. Capturing multicellular dynamics through graph features, cytoNet also evaluates the effect of cell-cell interactions on individual cell phenotypes. We demonstrate cytoNet’s capabilities in four case studies: 1) characterizing the temporal dynamics of neural progenitor cell communities during neural differentiation, 2) identifying communities of pain-sensing neuronsin vivo, 3) capturing the effect of cell community on endothelial cell morphology, and 4) investigating the effect of laminin α4 on perivascular niches in adipose tissue. The analytical framework introduced here can be used to study the dynamics of complex cell communities in a quantitative manner, leading to a deeper understanding of environmental effects on cellular behavior. The versatile, cloud-based format of cytoNet makes the image analysis framework accessible to researchers across domains.Availability and ImplementationQutubLab.org/how | cytoNet contact:cytoNetProject@gmail.comBrain Initiative Alliance Toolmaker cytoNet site:https://www.braininitiative.org/toolmakers/resources/cytonet/Author / Lay SummarycytoNet provides an online tool to rapidly characterize relationships between objects within images and video frames. To study complex tissue, cell and subcellular topologies, cytoNet integrates vision science with the mathematical technique of graph theory. This allows the method to simultaneously identify environmental effects on single cells and on network topology. cytoNet has versatile use across neuroscience, stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. cytoNet applications described in this study include: (1) characterizing how sensing pain alters neural circuit activity, (2) quantifying how vascular cells respond to neurotrophic stimuli overexpressed in the brain after injury or exercise, (3) delineating features of fat tissue that may confer resistance to obesity and (4) uncovering structure-function relationships of human stem cells as they transform into neurons.