bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why does oriental arborvitae grow better when mixed with black locust: Insight on nutrient cycling?
Authors: Chen Xuedong , Tang Ming , Zhang Xinlu , Hamel Chantal , Li Wei , Sheng Min 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTo identify why tree growth differs by afforestation type is a matter of prime concern in forestry. A study was conducted to determine why oriental arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis) grows better in the presence of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) than in monoculture. Different types of stands (i.e., monocultures and mixture of black locust and oriental arborvitae, and native grassland as a control) were selected in the Loess Plateau, China. The height and diameter at breast height of each tree species were measured, and soil, shoot, and root samples were sampled. The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) attributes, shoot and root nutrient status, height and diameter of black locust were not influenced by the presence of oriental arborvitae. For oriental arborvitae, however, growing in mixture increased height and diameter and reduced shoot Mn, Ca, and Mg contents,AMfungal spore density, and colonization rate. Major changes in soil properties also occurred, primarily in soil water,NO3‐N, and available K levels and in soil enzyme activity. The increase in soil water, N, and K availability in the presence of black locust stimulated oriental arborvitae growth, and black locust in the mixed stand seems to suppress the development ofAMsymbiosis in oriental arborvitae roots, especially the production ofAMfungal spores and vesicles, through improving soil water and N levels, thus freeing up carbon to fuel plant growth. Overall, the presence of black locust favored oriental arborvitae growth directly by improving soil water and fertility and indirectly by repressingAMsymbiosis in oriental arborvitae roots.
Detecting rare carnivores using scats: Implications for monitoring a fox incursion into Tasmania
Authors: Ramsey David S. L. , Barclay Candida , Campbell Catriona D. , Dewar Elise , MacDonald Anna J. , Modave Elodie , Quasim Sumaiya , Sarre Stephen D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe ability to detect the incursion of an invasive species or destroy the last individuals during an eradication program are some of the most difficult aspects of invasive species management. The presence of foxes in Tasmania is a contentious issue with recent structured monitoring efforts, involving collection of carnivore scats and testing for foxDNA, failing to detect any evidence of foxes. Understanding the likelihood that monitoring efforts would detect fox presence, given at least one is present, is therefore critical for understanding the role of scat monitoring for informing the response to an incursion. We undertook trials to estimate the probability of fox scat detection through monitoring by scat‐detector dogs and person searches and used this information to critically evaluate the power of scat monitoring efforts for detecting foxes in the Tasmanian landscape. The probability of detecting a single scat present in a 1‐km2survey unit was highest for scat‐detector dogs searches (0.053) compared with person searches () for each 10 km of search effort. Simulation of the power of recent scat monitoring efforts undertaken in Tasmania from 2011 to 2015 suggested that single foxes would have to be present in at least 20 different locations or fox breeding groups present in at least six different locations, in order to be detected with a high level of confidence (>0.80). We have shown that highly structured detection trials can provide managers with the quantitative tools needed to make judgments about the power of large‐scale scat monitoring programs. Results suggest that a fox population, if present in Tasmania, could remain undetected by a large‐scale, structured scat monitoring program. Therefore, it is likely that other forms of surveillance, in conjunction with scat monitoring, will be necessary to demonstrate that foxes are absent from Tasmania with high confidence.
Amount or intensity? Potential targets of exercise interventions in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Bobenko Anna , Bartels Inke , Münch Marlene , Trippel Tobias , Lindhorst Ruhdja , Nolte Kathleen , Herrmann‐Lingen Christoph , Halle Martin , Duvinage André , Düngen Hans‐Dirk , Gelbrich Götz , Tschöpe Carsten , Hasenfuss Gerd , Wachter Rolf , Pieske Burkert , Edelmann Frank 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimsHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains a common condition with no pharmacological treatment. Physical activity (PA) improves symptoms and quality of life (QoL), but no clear recommendations exist on PA in HFpEF patients. We investigated the association of PA (amount/intensity) on clinical phenotype in HFpEF.Methods and resultsThe Aldosterone in Diastolic Heart Failure trial investigated spironolactone vs. placebo in stable HFpEF patients. At baseline, all patients underwent detailed phenotypization including echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, 6 minute walking test (6MWT), and QoL assessment (36‐item Short‐Form questionnaire). PA was assessed by a self‐report questionnaire, classified in metabolic equivalents of task (MET) and analysed with regard to exercise capacity, diastolic function, and QoL. Four hundred twenty‐two patients (52% women, age 67 ± 8 years, New York Heart Association II and III) were classified by weekly MET hours into a low (<70), middle (70–140), or high (>140) level of PA. Total PA correlated positively with 6MWT distance (r = 0.17; P = 0.002) and physical function of QoL (r = 0.10; P = 0.05), but not with peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2). In contrast, both 6MWT distance and peakVO2 were significantly higher in patients who performed high‐intensity PA for >8 h/week (P < 0.001, P = 0.02, respectively). Time of high‐intensity PA was related to higher 6MWT distance (r = 0.21, P < 0.001), peakVO2, and better physical function of QoL (both r = 0.13, P = 0.01), whereas low‐intensity PA did not show significant associations. Interestingly, PA was not related to any measure of diastolic function.ConclusionsA higher amount of PA is related to higher submaximal exercise capacity and physical function of QoL. Regarding maximal exercise capacity, only high‐intensity PA showed significant association in HFpEF patients.
Fig extract drying: The relationship between the main operating parameters of a pilot‐scale spray dryer and product specifications
Authors: Kalantari Maryam , Niakousari Mehrdad , Haghighi‐Manesh Soroush , Rasouli Mehrdad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study aims to optimize extraction and drying conditions of fig syrup. Drying was done in a pilot scale two‐fluid nozzle spray dryer. A total of 27 experiments were conducted with varying inlet air temperatures, air flow rates, and also a maltodextrin (MD)‐ low methoxyl pectin (LMP) ratios. While feed rate, feed temperature, and compressed air flow rate of the atomizer were kept constant. The results of differential scanning calorimetry revealed that high levels of glucose and fructose in the extract resulted in a low glass transition temperature of fig syrup. By an increase in the inlet air temperature, the powder bulk density decreased. However, the MD:LMP ratio and the air flow rate were not significantly effective (p < 0/05) in changing the bulk density. SEM micrographs of spray‐dried particles and particle size distribution analysis showed that particles were largely in a range of 5 to 50 μm. The best powders were obtained at an inlet air temperature of 170°C.
Deficit irrigation improves phenolic content and antioxidant activity in leafy lettuce varieties
Authors: Malejane Dunsfort N. , Tinyani Peter , Soundy Puffy , Sultanbawa Yasmina , Sivakumar Dharini 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of deficit irrigation at three management allowable depletion levels (MAD) 25%, 50%, and 75% on phytochemicals, ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity, glucose, fructose, and fresh and dry mass in two green leafy lettuce cultivars (Lollo Bionda and Vera) at harvest. Genotype response was observed during deficit irrigation on fresh and dry mass at harvest. Vera revealed similar fresh mass at MAD levels 25% and 50%. Chicoric acid, caftaric acid, and chlorogenic and caffeic acid tended to increase at 50% MAD, while kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin increased at 75% MAD in both cultivars indicating increasing antioxidant properties. Ascorbic acid content declined with increasing MAD levels and no definite trend on β‐carotene content was noted in these cultivars with respect to MAD irrigation. Deficit irrigation at 50% and 70% increased glucose concentration in cv. Lollo Bionda. Deficit irrigation influences the abiotic stress condition that stimulates the biosynthesis of phytochemicals in plants and improves crop quality. However, deficit irrigation can affect marketable crop yield. Based on findings of this study, the lettuce cv. Vera can be recommended as a suitable cultivar for deficit irrigation (at MAD 50% levels) for improving dietary phytochemicals and crop quality without compromising fresh mass for marketing.
Myelination and mTOR
Authors: Figlia Gianluca , Gerber Daniel , Suter Ueli 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMyelinating cells surround axons to accelerate the propagation of action potentials, to support axonal health, and to refine neural circuits. Myelination is metabolically demanding and, consistent with this notion, mTORC1—a signaling hub coordinating cell metabolism—has been implicated as a key signal for myelination. Here, we will discuss metabolic aspects of myelination, illustrate the main metabolic processes regulated by mTORC1, and review advances on the role of mTORC1 in myelination of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Recent progress has revealed a complex role of mTORC1 in myelinating cells that includes, besides positive regulation of myelin growth, additional critical functions in the stages preceding active myelination. Based on the available evidence, we will also highlight potential nonoverlapping roles between mTORC1 and its known main upstream pathways PI3K‐Akt, Mek‐Erk1/2, and AMPK in myelinating cells. Finally, we will discuss signals that are already known or hypothesized to be responsible for the regulation of mTORC1 activity in myelinating cells.
Political ties and firm performance: The effects of proself and prosocial engagement and institutional development
Authors: Liu Haijian , Yang Jing Yu , Augustine Darline 
Published: December 2017

Research Summary: We examine the value of political ties on firm performance in an emerging economy. Using social exchange theory, we posit that political connections propel firms to engage more in proself and prosocial activities, which mediate the relationship between political ties and firm performance. The institutional environment moderates the dual mediations such that as the institutional environment improves, the mediation effect through proself engagement weakens, whereas the mediation effect through prosocial engagement strengthens. We found support for these propositions by analyzing two samples of firms in China: A surveyed sample of 363 small‐ and medium‐sized firms and data from 2,780 publicly listed firms from 1999 to 2014. Our findings shed light on the strategic value of political ties, coinciding with the development of institutional environments.
Managerial Summary: Political ties have been considered important for firm survival and performance in emerging economies, as they enable firms to obtain critical information and resources to buffer uncertainty and build up competitive advantages. Our study demonstrates that what truly matters may not be a firm’s political ties themselves but the firm’s strategic engagement in both proself and prosocial activities in order to maintain social exchange with governments. Also, our study reveals that the development of institutional environments alters the business–government exchange and influences a firm’s proself and prosocial engagement differently, making the value of political ties on a firm’s performance difficult to predict.
The pursuit of international opportunities in family firms: Generational differences and the role of knowledge‐based resources
Authors: Fang Hanqing , Kotlar Josip , Memili Esra , Chrisman James J. , De Massis Alfredo 
Published: December 2017

Research Summary:We argue that willingness (attitude toward risk, return, and socioemotional wealth), ability (extent of control), and resource availability influence the internationalization of family firms. We hypothesize that the internationalization of family firms led by founding and later generation family members differs from the internationalization of nonfamily firms and from each other and that knowledge‐based resources moderate the relationship. Longitudinal analysis of 4,925 firm‐year observations of S&P 1500 manufacturing firms from 2002 to 2008 shows that compared to nonfamily firms, family firms run by founding (later generation) family members internationalize less (more). Knowledge resources increase (decrease) the internationalization of founder‐led (later generation) family firms. Overall, how family ownership influences firm behavior is likely to vary as much by its type as its amount.Managerial Summary:We explore the internationalization of family firms based on a sample of S&P 1500 manufacturing firms from 2002 to 2008. Compared to nonfamily firms, family firms run by founding family members internationalize less, and family firms run by later generation members internationalize more. However, as knowledge resources increase, the internationalization of founder‐led family firms increases, whereas the internationalization of firms led by later generation family members decreases. Therefore, our findings suggest that knowledge resources can facilitate or hamper international expansion in family firms, depending on the generation of family control. These findings underscore the role of goals, governance, and resources as important drivers of differences in internationalization between family and nonfamily firms, as well as of variations in internationalization among family firms.
Characteristics Analysis of Summer Maize Yield Loss Caused by Drought Stress in the Northern Huaihe Plain, China
Authors: Geng Simin , Yan Denghua , Yang Zhiyong , Zhang Zhongbo , Yang Meijian , Kan Guangyuan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSummer maize is a major crop in the Northern Huaihe Plain. To simulate maize yield losses caused by drought stress in 13 cities, the DSSAT‐CERES‐Maize model was selected as a tool, which was calibrated and validated based on drought stress experimental observations conducted in 2013 in Bengbu, China. Results indicate the numbers of years of low, low‐mid, mid, mid‐high and high loss percentage as 25–37, 3–9, 1–6, 0–5 and 1–13, respectively. There was a higher risk of high loss percentage in the south, with higher risk of low‐mid loss percentage in the north‐east and higher risk of mid‐high loss percentage in the west. Compared with the proportion of high loss percentage during 1961–1980, in the high loss percentage years, it decreased by 5–30% in the south and increased by 1–15% in the south‐west during 1981–2015. However, in mid‐high loss percentage years, the proportion increased by 5–25% in the north, with less change in other areas. In low‐mid loss percentage years, the proportion increased by 5–20% in the south‐east and decreased by 5–34.4% in the north. The yield loss decreased on average 766 000 t and 15% after rational allocation of water resources, which improves drought resistance in the Northern Huaihe Plain. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of HYDRUS (2D/3D) for Predicting the Influence of Subsurface Drainage on Soil Water Dynamics in a Rainfed‐Canola Cropping System
Authors: Karandish Fatemeh , Darzi‐Naftchali Abdullah , Šimůnek Jiří 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe HYDRUS (2D/3D) model was applied to investigate the probable effects of different subsurface drainage systems on the soil water dynamics under a rainfed‐canola cropping system in paddy fields. Field experiments were conducted during two rainfed‐canola growing seasons on the subsurface‐drained paddy fields of the Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. A drainage pilot consisting of subsurface drainage systems with different drain depths and spacings was designed. Canola was cultivated as the second crop after the rice harvest. Measurements of the groundwater table depth and drain discharge were taken during the growing seasons. The performance of the HYDRUS‐2D model during the calibration and validation phases was evaluated using the model efficiency (EF), root mean square error (RMSE), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and mean bias error (MBE) measures. Based on the criteria indices (MBE = 0.01–0.17 cm, RMSE = 0.05–1.02 and EF = 0.84–0.96 for drainage fluxes, and MBE = 0.01–0.63, RMSE = 0.34–5.54 and EF = 0.89–0.99 for groundwater table depths), the model was capable of predicting drainage fluxes as well as groundwater table depths. The simulation results demonstrated that HYDRUS (2D/3D) is a powerful tool for proposing optimal scenario to achieve sustainable shallow aquifers in subsurface‐drained paddy fields during winter cropping. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct and indirect approaches to identify drug modes of action
Authors: Tulloch Lindsay B. , Menzies Stefanie K. , Coron Ross P. , Roberts Matthew D. , Florence Gordon J. , Smith Terry K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPhenotypic assays are becoming increasingly more common among drug discovery practices, expanding drug target diversity as lead compounds identified through such screens are not limited to known targets. While increasing diversity is beneficial to the drug discovery process and the fight against disease, the unknown modes of action of new lead compounds can hamper drug discovery as, in most cases, the process of lead compound optimization is made difficult due to the unknown nature of the target; blindly changing substituents can prove fruitless due to the inexhaustible number of potential combinations, and it is therefore desirable to rapidly identify the targets of lead compounds developed through phenotypic screening. In addition, leads identified through target‐based screening often have off‐target effects that contribute towards drug toxicity, and by identifying those secondary targets, the drugs can be improved. However, the identification of a leads mode of action is far from trivial and now represents a major bottleneck in the drug discovery pipeline. This review looks at some of the recent developments in the identification of drug modes of action, focusing on phenotype‐based methods using metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and genomics to detect changes in phenotype in response to the presence of the drug, and affinity‐based methods using modified/unmodified drug as bait to capture and identify targets. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 70(1):9–22, 2018
From Situated Privilege to Dis/abilities: Developing Critical Literacies Across Social Issues
Authors: Young Sara Lewis‐Bernstein 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate how curriculum grounded in critical literacy strategies supports critical language awareness and activism across social issues and identities. The research is grounded in theories of critical literacies, discursive practices, and situated privilege. Critical practitioner research was used to collect classroom data, which were then coded and analyzed through critical discourse analysis to examine language, literacy, and examples of activism in the data set. Findings indicate that although strategies such as decoding discourses and ideologies, revealing connections between language and power, and engaging in social action are important to developing critical literacies across social issues, understanding privilege, power, and one's own role in maintaining oppression are also crucial to developing critical literacies around issues of situated privilege. Implications for teachers include consideration for the complexity of identities and social locations in critical literacy pedagogies.
Unlocking the Cage: Empowering Literacy Representations in Netflix'sLuke CageSeries
Authors: Toliver S.R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPopular culture aids in the conditioning of U.S. society, assisting in the determination of who is esteemed as literate and who is disgraced with illiteracy. Unfortunately, pop culture depictions of black male literacy often reify the stereotype that black males are less literate than their peers. Although a real issue presents itself in the opportunity gap that exists between black males and other racial groups, however, focusing on the negative fails to complicate the narrative. The purpose of this article is to confound monolithic representations by acknowledging positive, nuanced, and complex black male literacy practices. The author uses critical rhetorical analysis and positioning theory to highlight Netflix'sLuke Cageseries as a site where empowering literacy practices prevail. For educators, the author suggests using a critical rhetorical analysis of popular culture to examine and question content that presents static representations of black male literacy.
Comparison of sonography and MRI in the evaluation of stability of capitellar osteochondritis dissecans
Authors: Yoshizuka Masaaki , Sunagawa Toru , Nakashima Yuko , Shinomiya Rikuo , Masuda Tetsuo , Makitsubo Manami , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeTo compare the diagnostic accuracies of ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with intraoperative capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (COCD) fragment stability findings.MethodsPatients whose International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) classifications were I/II (stable) or III (unstable) were included. Patients underwent preoperative US and MRI. On US, lesions were evaluated as unstable when irregular contours of the chondral surface were observed. On MRI, lesions were evaluated as unstable when articular bone irregularity, a T2 high signal intensity interface, or a high signal intensity line through the articular cartilage was observed. Using the surgical assessment as the gold standard, accuracies of fragment stability diagnoses were calculated for US and MRI.ResultsThirty‐four patients with OCD classifications of I/II (stable) or III (unstable) were included. Twenty‐four patients (stable: 12, unstable: 12) underwent preoperative US; 22 (stable: 11, unstable: 11) underwent preoperative MRI. Preoperative US and MRI stability assessments correctly matched intraoperative fragment findings in 23 of 24 patients and 16 of 22 patients, respectively. US criteria in this study achieved superior accuracy compared with MRI criteria (96% vs. 73%; P < .05).ConclusionUS was a useful tool for evaluating fragment instability in COCD.