bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cryosurgery of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: He Lihua , Niu Lizhi , Korpan Nikolai N. , Sumida Sajio , Xiao Yueyong , Li Jiaping , Sutedja Barlian , Lu Youyong , Zuo Jiansheng , Liu Jianguo , Xu Kecheng 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC), one of the most lethal malignancies, accounts for 8% to 10% of digestive system cancers, and the incidence is increasing. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have been the main treatment methods but are not very effective. Cryosurgery was first used in 1984 for treatment of locally advanced PC and has since become a considerable treatment for most cases of unresectable PC. During the past decade, cryosurgery has been applied in some hospitals in China, and the newly developed technique of computed tomography– and/or ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryosurgery has shown better results than chemotherapy in cases of unresectable locally advanced PC, with the 1-year survival rate reported to be more than 50%. To develop standardized criteria for the application of cryosurgery in PC, the International Society of Cryosurgery and Asian Society of Cryosurgery assembled experts from Austria, Japan, and China to discuss treatment methods and arrive at a consensus on the indications, contraindications, and preferred techniques of PC cryosurgery.
Recurrence Patterns and Long-term Results After Induction Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy, and Curative Surgery in Patients With Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Steffen Thomas , Dietrich Daniel , Schnider Annelies , Kettelhack Christoph , Huber Olivier , Marti Walter R. , Furrer Markus , Gloor Beat , Schiesser Marc , Thierstein Sandra , Brauchli Peter , Ruhstaller Thomas 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
The long-term follow up data of 2 prospective phase II trials is reported (NCT00072033, NCT00445861), which investigated neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Postoperative complications as well as prognostic factors and patterns of relapse during long-term observation are shown.

Summary of Background Data:
Long-term follow-up is often missing in the complex setting of multimodal treatments of esophageal carcinoma; this leads to rather undifferentiated follow-up guidelines for this tumor entity.

Methods:
In the first trial, patients received induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation and surgery. In the second trial, cetuximab was added to the same neoadjuvant treatment concomitant with induction chemotherapy and chemoradiation.

Results:
Eighty-two patients underwent surgery; the median follow-up time was 6.8 and 6.4 years, respectively. Fifty-five percent were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, 80% clinically node-positive, 68% received transthoracic esophagectomy, and 32% transhiatal or transmediastinal resection. Five patients died postoperatively in-hospital due to complications (6%). The median overall survival was 4.3 years, and the median event-free survival was 2.7 years. Patients with adenocarcinoma rarely relapsed after a 3-year event-free survival. Whereas patients with residual tumor cells after neoadjuvant therapy primarily experienced relapse within the first 2 postoperative years, this in contrast to several patients with complete remission who also experienced late relapses 4 years after surgery.

Conclusion:
After curative surgery in a multimodal setting, the histological type and the response to neoadjuvant therapy predicted the time frame of relapse; this knowledge may influence further follow-up guidelines for esophageal carcinoma.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Longer-term Outcomes Among Emergency General Surgery Patients
Authors: Zogg Cheryl K. , Jiang Wei , Ottesen Taylor D. , Shafi Shahid , Schuster Kevin , Becher Robert , Davis Kimberly A. , Haider Adil H. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives:
To determine whether racial/ethnic disparities in 30/90/180-day mortality, major morbidity, and unplanned readmissions exist among universally insured older adult (≥65 years) emergency general surgery patients; vary by diagnostic category; and can be explained by variations in geography, teaching status, age-cohort, and a hospital's percentage of minority patients.

Summary of Background Data:
As the US population ages and discussions surrounding the optimal method of insurance provision increasingly enter into national debate, longer-term outcomes are of paramount concern. It remains unclear the extent to which insurance changes disparities throughout patients’ postacute recovery period among older adults.

Methods:
Survival analysis of 2008 to 2014 Medicare data using risk-adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models.

Results:
A total of 6,779,649 older adults were included, of whom 82.8% identified as non-Hispanic white (NHW), 9.2% non-Hispanic black (NHB), 5.6% Hispanic, and 1.5% non-Hispanic Asian (NHA). Relative to NHW patients, each group of minority patients was significantly less likely to die [30-day NHB vs NHW hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.88 (0.86–0.89)]. Differences became less apparent as outcomes approached 180 days [180-day NHB vs NHW: 1.00 (0.98–1.02)]. For major morbidity and unplanned readmission, differences among NHW, Hispanic, and NHA patients were comparable. NHB patients did consistently worse. Efforts to explain the occurrence found similar trends across diagnostic categories, but significant differences in disparities attributable to geography and the other included factors that combined accounted for up to 50% of readmission differences between racial/ethnic groups.

Conclusion:
The study found an inversion of racial/ethnic mortality differences and mitigation of non-NHB morbidity/readmission differences among universally insured older adults that decreased with time. Persistent disparities among nonagenarian patients and hospitals managing a regionally large share of minority patients warrant particular concern.
Percutaneous Electrical Neurostimulation of Dermatome T6 for Short-term Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Patients: Effect on Ghrelin Levels, Glucose, Lipid, and Hormonal Profile
Authors: Ruiz-Tovar Jaime , Llavero Carolina , Smith Walter 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Percutaneous electrical neurostimulation of dermatome T6 (PENS T6), associated with a low-caloric diet, has previously demonstrated to achieve a reduction in the appetite perception, inducing a better compliance of the prescribed diet and finally leading to a greater weight loss. Ghrelin has been hypothesized to be implicated in the effect of PENS T6. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PENS T6 with hypocaloric diet on appetite, weight loss and dietary compliance, and its association with plasma ghrelin levels, in comparison with PENS T6 associated with normocaloric diet, transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation of T11-T12 (placebo) with hypocaloric diet, and only hypocaloric diet.

Patients and Methods:
A prospective, randomized study was performed. Patients with body mass index >25 kg/m2 were included. The subjects were randomized into 4 groups: patients undergoing PENS T6 in conjunction with a 1200 kcal/d diet (group 1). Patients undergoing PENS T6 and following a normocaloric diet (group 2), patients undergoing transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation of dermatomes in right iliac fossa (T11-T12) and following a 1200 kcal/d diet(group 3) and those patients following only a 1200 kcal/d diet (group 4).

Results:
A total of 200 patients were included, 50 in each group. A significantly greater weight loss was obtained in patients following PENS T6 combined with diet, when compared with the other groups. Patients undergoing PENS T6, associated or not to hypocaloric diet, experienced appetite reduction and lower ghrelin levels, when compared with the other groups.

Conclusions:
The greater weight loss experienced in the patients undergoing PENS T6 is associated with appetite reduction and greater diet compliance. Appetite reduction is associated with ghrelin decrease.
Schizophrenia Exhibits Bi-Directional Brain-Wide Alterations in Cortico-Striato-Cerebellar Circuits
Authors: Ji Jie Lisa , Diehl Caroline , Schleifer Charles , Tamminga Carol A. , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Sweeney John A. , Clementz Brett A. , Hill S. Kristian , Pearlson Godfrey , Yang Genevieve , Creatura Gina , Krystal John H. , Repovs Grega , Murray John , Winkler Anderson , Anticevic Alan 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTDistributed neural dysconnectivity is considered a hallmark feature of schizophrenia, yet a tension exists between studies pinpointing focal disruptions versus those implicating brain-wide disturbances. The cerebellum and the striatum communicate reciprocally with the thalamus and cortex through monosynaptic and polysynaptic connections, forming cortico-striatal-thalamic-cerebellar (CSTC) functional pathways that may be sensitive to brain-wide dysconnectivity in schizophrenia. It remains unknown if the same pattern of alterations persists across CSTC systems, or if specific alterations exist along key functional elements of these networks. We characterized connectivity along major functional CSTC subdivisions using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in 159 chronic patients and 162 matched controls. Associative CSTC subdivisions revealed consistent brain-wide bi-directional alterations in patients, marked by hyper-connectivity with sensory-motor cortices and hypo-connectivity with association cortex. Focusing on the cerebellar and striatal components, we validate the effects using data-drivenk-means clustering of voxel-wise dysconnectivity and support vector machine classifiers. We replicate these results in an independent sample of 202 controls and 145 patients, additionally demonstrating that these neural effects relate to cognitive performance across subjects. Taken together, these results from complementary approaches implicate a consistent motif of brain-wide alterations in CSTC systems in schizophrenia, calling into question accounts of exclusively focal functional disturbances.
Conditionally Redundant Bacteriocin Targeting byPseudomonas syringae
Authors: Hockett Kevin L. , Clark Meara , Scott Stacey , Baltrus David A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe widespread use of antimicrobials under clinical and agricultural settings has resulted in the evolution of resistance to these compounds. To combat the emergence of resistance, current research efforts are focusing on designing treatments to exploit combinations of antimicrobials, where the evolution of resistance confers sensitivity to alternative compounds. In this work we demonstrate that strains ofPseudomonas syringaepossess a natural analogue to this strategy. Specifically, we demonstrate that a single strain produces multiple bacteriocins that can target another strain, but antimicrobial activity of the second bacteriocin is manifest only after resistance to the first emerges. The evolution of resistance also sensitizes the target strain to bacteriocins from a variety of other strains. Strains ofP. syringaetherefore encode multiple bacteriocins that can act in a conditionally redundant manner. It is possible that combinations of bacteriocins could be applied as a cocktail or sequentially, to potentially achieve durable pathogen control.
Termite communities along a disturbance gradient in a West African savanna
Authors: Schyra Janine , Korb Judith 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTermites are important ecosystem engineers, crucial for the maintenance of tropical biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. But they are also pests which cause billions of dollars in damage annually to humans. Currently, our understanding of the mechanisms influencing species occurrences is limited and we do not know what distinguishes pest from non-pest species. We analyzed how anthropogenic disturbance (agriculture) affects species occurrences. We tested the hypothesis that strong disturbance functions as a habitat filter and selects for a subset of species which are major pests of crop. Using a cross-sectional approach, we studied termite community composition along a disturbance gradient from fields to 12-year-old fallows in a West African savanna. We reliably identified 19 species using genetic markers with a mean of about 10 species - many of them from the same feeding type - co-occurring locally. Supporting our hypothesis, disturbance was associated with environmental filtering of termites from the regional species pool, maybe via its effect on vegetation type. The most heavily disturbed sites were characterized by a subset of termite species which are well-known pests of crop. This is in line with the idea that strong anthropogenic disturbance selects for termite pest species.
The human auditory brainstem response to running speech reveals a subcortical mechanism for selective attention
Authors: Forte Antonio Elia , Etard Octave , Reichenbach Tobias 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHumans excel at selectively listening to a target speaker in background noise such as competing voices. While the encoding of speech in the auditory cortex is modulated by selective attention, it remains debated whether such modulation occurs already in subcortical auditory structures. Investigating the contribution of the human brainstem to attention has, in particular, been hindered by the tiny amplitude of the brainstem response. Its measurement normally requires a large number of repetitions of the same short sound stimuli, which may lead to a loss of attention and to neural adaptation. Here we develop a mathematical method to measure the auditory brainstem response to running speech, an acoustic stimulus that does not repeat and that has a high ecological validity. We employ this method to assess the brainstem’s activity when a subject listens to one of two competing speakers, and show that the brainstem response is consistently modulated by attention.
Temperature selection drives evolution of function-valued traits in a marine diatom
Authors: O’Donnell Daniel R. , Hamman Carolyn R. , Johnson Evan C. , Klausmeier Christopher A. , Litchman Elena 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRapid evolution in response to environmental change will likely be a driving force determining the distribution of species and the structure of communities across the biosphere in coming decades. This is especially true of microorganisms, many of which may be able to evolve in step with rising temperatures. An ecologically indispensable group of microorganisms with great potential for rapid thermal adaptation are the phytoplankton, the diverse photosynthetic microbes forming the foundation of most aquatic food webs. We tested the capacity of a globally important phytoplankton species, the marine diatomThalassiosira pseudonana, for rapid evolution in response to temperature. Evolution of replicate populations at 16 and 31°C for 350-450 generations led to significant divergence in several traits associated withT. pseudonana’s thermal reaction norm (TRN) for per-capita population growth, as well as in its competitive ability for nitrogen (commonly limiting in marine systems). Of particular interest were evolution of the optimum temperature for growth, the upper critical temperature, and the derivative of the TRN, an indicator of potential tradeoffs resulting from local adaptation to temperature. This study offers a broad examination of the evolution of the thermal reaction norm and how modes of TRN variation may govern a population’s long-term physiological, ecological, and biogeographic response to global climate change.
High-depth whole genome sequencing of a large population-specific reference panel: Enhancing sensitivity, accuracy, and imputation
Authors: Lencz Todd , Yu Jin , Palmer Cameron , Carmi Shai , Ben-Avraham Danny , Barzilai Nir , Bressman Susan , Darvasi Ariel , Cho Judy H. , Clark Lorraine N. , Gümüş Zeynep H. , Joseph Vijai , Klein Robert , Lipkin Steven , Offit Kenneth , Ostrer Harry , Ozelius Laurie J. , Peter Inga , Atzmon Gil , Pe’er Itsik 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundWhile increasingly large reference panels for genome-wide imputation have been recently made available, the degree to which imputation accuracy can be enhanced by population-specific reference panels remains an open question. In the present study, we sequenced at full-depth (≥30x) a moderately large (n=738) cohort of samples drawn from the Ashkenazi Jewish population across two platforms (Illumina X Ten and Complete Genomics, Inc.). We developed and refined a series of quality control steps to optimize sensitivity, specificity, and comprehensiveness of variant calls in the reference panel, and then tested the accuracy of imputation against target cohorts drawn from the same population.ResultsFor samples sequenced on the Illumina X Ten platform, quality thresholds were identified that permitted highly accurate calling of single nucleotide variants across 94% of the genome. The Complete Genomics, Inc. platform was more conservative (fewer variants called) compared to the Illumina platform, but also demonstrated relatively greater numbers of false positives that needed to be filtered. Quality control procedures also permitted detection of novel genome reads that are not mapped to current reference or alternate assemblies. After stringent quality control, the population-specific reference panel produced more accurate and comprehensive imputation results relative to publicly available, large cosmopolitan reference panels. The population-specific reference panel also permitted enhanced filtering of clinically irrelevant variants from personal genomes.ConclusionsOur primary results demonstrate enhanced accuracy of a population-specific imputation panel relative to cosmopolitan panels, especially in the range of infrequent (<5% non-reference allele frequency) and rare (<1% non-reference allele frequency) variants that may be most critical to further progress in mapping of complex phenotypes.
Activated CD8 T cells express two distinct P-Selectin Ligands
Authors: Carlow Douglas A. , Tra Michelle C. , Ziltener Hermann J. 
Published: July 2017

One sentence summaryMurine primary in-vivo activated CD8+ T cells express two ligands for P-selectin, canonical PSGL-1 and a cell-extrinsic ligand docked on L-selectin.AbstractP-selectin (PSel) expressed on activated endothelia and platelets supports recruitment of leukocytes expressing PSel ligand (PSelL) to sites of inflammation. While monitoring PSelL expression on activated CD8+T cells (Tact) in adoptive transfer models, we observed two distinct PSelL on responding donor cells, the canonical cell-intrinsic PSelL PSGL1 and a second undocumented PSelL provisionally named PSL2. PSL2 is unusual among selectin ligands in that it is cell-extrinsic, loaded onto L-selectin (LSel) expressed by Tact but not LSel on resting naïve CD8+T cells. PSL2 expression is highest on Tact responding in peripheral lymph nodes and low on Tact responding in spleen suggesting that the original source of PSL2 is high endothelial venules, cells known to produce LSelL. When both PSGL1 and PSL2 were absent from the surface of Tact, no significant residual PSelL activity was detected. PSL2 is a ligand for both PSel and LSel and can physically bridge the two selectins. The LSel/PSL2 complex can mediate PSel-dependent adherence of Tact to immobilized PSel-hIgG or to activated platelets, either independently or cooperatively with PSGL1. PSel engagement of PSGL1 and LSel/PSL2 would likely deliver distinct signals known to be relevant in leukocyte recruitment.
An analysis of the Gezi Park social movement tweets
Authors: Ozturkcan Selcen , Kasap Nihat , Cevik Muge , Zaman Tauhid 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Twitter usage during Gezi Park Protests, a significant large-scale connective action, is analyzed to reveal meaningful findings on individual and group tweeting characteristics. Subsequent to the Arab Spring in terms of its timing, the Gezi Park Protests began by the spread of news on construction plans to build a shopping mall at a public park in Taksim Square in Istanbul on May 26, 2013. Though started as a small-scale local protest, it emerged into a series of multi-regional social protests, also known as the Gezi Park demonstrations. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors sought answers to three important research questions: whether Twitter usage is reflective of real life events, what Twitter is actually used for, and is Twitter usage contagious? The authors have collected streamed data from Twitter. As a research methodology, the authors followed social media analytics framework proposed by Fan and Gordon (2014), which included three consecutive processes; capturing, understanding, and presenting. An analysis of 54 million publicly available tweets and 3.5 million foursquare check-ins, which account to randomly selected 1 percent of all tweets and check-ins posted from Istanbul, Turkey between March and September 2013 are presented.

Findings
A perceived lack of sufficient media coverage on events taking place on the streets is believed to result in Turkish protestors’ use of Twitter as a medium to share and get information on ongoing and planned demonstrations, to learn the recent news, to participate in the debate, and to create local and global awareness.

Research limitations/implications
Data collection via streamed tweets comes with certain limitations. Twitter restricts data collection on publicly available tweets and only allows randomly selected 1 percent of all tweets posted from a specific region. Therefore, the authors’ data include only tweets of publicly available Twitter profiles. The generalizability of the findings should be regarded with concerning this limitation.

Practical implications
The authors conclude that Twitter was used mainly as a platform to exchange information to organize street demonstrations.

Originality/value
The authors conclude that Twitter usage reflected Street movements on a chronological level. Finally, the authors present that Twitter usage is contagious whereas tweeting is not necessarily.
The effects of internet filtering on users’ information-seeking behaviour and emotions
Authors: Jamali Hamid R. , Shahbaztabar Pria 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between internet filtering, emotions and information-seeking behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 15 postgraduate students at an Iranian university participated in the study which involved a questionnaire, search tasks with think aloud narratives, and interviews.

Findings
Internet content filtering results in some changes in the information-seeking behaviour of users. Users who face website blocking use a variety of methods to bypass filtering, mostly by using anti-filter software. Filtering encourages users to use channels such as social networking services to share resources and it increases the use of library material by some of the users. Users who face filtering during their search are more likely to visit more pages of results and click on more hits in the results, unlike users who do not experience filtering who rarely go past the first page. Blocking users’ access to content stimulates their curiosity and they become more determined to access the content. In terms of the affective aspect, filtering causes several negative emotions (e.g. anger, disgust, sadness and anxiety) and the main reason for these emotions is not the inability to access information but the feeling of being controlled and not having freedom.

Research limitations/implications
The study was limited to a small number of postgraduate students in social sciences and not generalisable to all user groups. The implication is that in countries where filtering is used, libraries can play an important role in serving users and reducing users negative emotions, especially if libraries can take advantage of technologies such as social media for their services.

Originality/value
This is first study to address the effects of internet filtering on information-seeking behaviour and emotions. The study shows that internet filtering causes negative emotions and results in some changes in information-seeking behaviour.