bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoinduction of stem cells by collagen peptide-immobilized hydrolyzed poly(butylene succinate)/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Patntirapong Somying , Janvikul Wanida , Theerathanagorn Tharinee , Singhatanadgit Weerachai 
Published: January 2017

Bone substitute is a therapeutic approach to treat bone abnormalities. A scaffold serves mainly as osteoconductive elements. To facilitate a better biological performance, short collagen peptide was immobilized onto hydrolyzed poly(butylene succinate)/β-tricalcium phosphate (HPBSu/TCP) scaffolds. PBSu/TCP (80:20) scaffolds were fabricated by a supercritical CO2 technique, hydrolyzed with 0.6 M NaOH and conjugated with short collagen peptide tagged with or without red fluorescence. The surface morphology and porous structure of scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography. Human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured onto the scaffolds and examined for osteogenic differentiation and biomineralization in vitro by means of alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The PBSu/TCP and HPBSu/TCP scaffolds were successfully prepared. Scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography results showed that the porosity was distributed throughout the scaffolds with the pore sizes in the range of 250–900 µm. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated retention of tagged short collagen peptide on the scaffold. Mesenchymal stem cells adhered and grew well on the material. Under osteogenic induction, cells cultured on the short collagen peptide -immobilized scaffold significantly produced a greater amount of alkaline phosphatase activity and positive mineralization than those cultured on the control scaffold. The present results have shown that the short collagen peptide-immobilized HPBSu/TCP scaffold enhanced osteoinduction and biomineralization of stem cell-derived osteoblasts, possibly via stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity. This suggests the potential use of osteogenic peptide-immobilized material in bone tissue engineering for correcting bone defects.
Cross-Sectional Studies in Periodontal Disease: Current Status and Implications for Dental Practice
Authors: Douglass C.W. , Fox C.H. 
Published: January 2017

This paper reviews the cross-sectional national studies of periodontal disease conducted over the past 30 years. Studies included are the 1960-62 HES study (NCHS), the 1971-74 NHANES I study (NCHS), the 1981 RTI study (HRSA), and the 1985-86 Employed Adults study (NIDR). For each of these surveys, the population studied, the general sampling strategy, the periodontal measures collected, and the periodontal findings are compared in this paper. Compared with the first three studies, the NIDR 1985-86 findings appear markedly lower, implying that there has been a decline in the prevalence of periodontal disease. Two possible inferences from these studies are that: (1) there has been a decline in the prevalence of periodontal disease in recent years or (2) the sampling and measurement methods may be sufficiently different for these lower numbers to result. Each inference is explored, with the authors concluding that the latter is more plausible. The implications for future treatment needs are then estimated, given the marked trends in the size of the aging population. The number of older adults over age 55 who will need periodontal services will increase. The adequacy of the number, type, and distribution of dental care providers to meet these increasing needs is discussed.
Fluoride Toothpastes, Rinses, and Tablets
Authors: Sthephen K.W. 
Published: January 2017

Only from the mid-1950's has therapeutic benefit been obtained via dentifrices, initially with stannous fluoride-then monofluorophosphate-containing products which remained stable and efficacious. Altered abrasive systems followed, and both sodium fluoride and monofluorophosphate/ sodium fluoride mixtures were introduced as active anti-caries agents, with recent meta-analysis indicating that sodium fluoride > monofluorophosphate/sodium fluoride > monofluorophosphate. With respect to fluoride levels, clear dose-response relationships have been demonstrated. However, at < 1000 ppm F, the situation is less certain. Since the mid-1980's, anticalculus fluoride dentifrices have been marketed, and have been shown to have similar caries-reducing potential as their non-calculus-inhibiting control formulae. Finally, one study has been described where a sodium fluoride dentifrice successfully reduced root caries. Of the many fluoride formulations used for caries-inhibiting mouthrinsing [ e.g., acid phosphate fluoride (100- 3000 ppm F), sodium fluoride (45-3000 ppm F), stannous fluoride (100-250 ppm F), ammonium fluoride (1000 ppm F), and amine fluoride (250 ppm F)], sodium fluoride would seem to be the preferred agent. Furthermore, rinse frequency is deemed more important than fluoride ion concentration, but caution is urged re the volumes and concentrations to be used by children, no rinsing being recommended below 4 years. Combination of a 440-pp-F sodium fluoride and 0.05% chlorhexidine school-administered rinse appears to have increased the caries-inhibiting benefit as compared with sodium fluoride alone. Fluoride supplements have reduced deciduous caries from 14 to 93%, and in the permanent dentition, from 20 to 81%. For maximum benefit, slow intra-oral dissolution is recommended, but unfortunately, compliance, whether school- or home-based, is problematic. However, fluorosis is not a necessary outcome of their early usage.
Non-Fluoride Anticaries Agents
Authors: Forward G.C. 
Published: January 2017

Many potential anticaries agents other than fluoride have been identified in a range of laboratory models. This review covers only those agents which have demonstrated significant activity in either animal caries models, in situ models, or human clinical trials, including those measuring plaque acid formation. The agents which so far have been identified can be divided into 5 categories: (1) phosphorus-containing agents, (2) calcium-containing agents, (3) antimicrobials and antibiotics, (4) metals, and (5) miscellaneous agents. Although many potential agents have been identified in various models, very few have been taken forward to full anticaries testing in humans. Chlorhexidine is an exception, and certain agents such as calcium glycerophosphate have been shown to result in greater anticaries activity when added to fluoride. In the future, non-fluoride agents which modify the production of acid in plaque-either antimicrobially, biochemically, or directly-appear to have the most promise for use in topical products and may prove to be effective anticaries systems. Phosphates have shown encouraging activity as diet additives.
Exports and Growth Nexus in India: An Econometric Analysis
Authors: Trivedi Pushpa , Pradhan Narayan Chandra 
Published: January 2017

The study focuses on the ‘export openness’ of Indian economy which is expected to have a positive impact on economic growth. The temporal coverage of the empirical analysis carried out spans the period 1970-71 to 2008-09. The research question addressed in the study is whether exports are related to growth and if so, then in what direction? Empirical verification of export-led growth hypothesis by applying various time series techniques in this study confirms both short-run and long-run relationship between exports and economic growth. Bivariate Granger causality test suggests that the direction of causality runs from export growth to GDP growth. This implies that one can use export performance also to predict the growth of Indian economy rather than depending only on the time-series models. JEL Codes: F1, F43, O53.
Clinical relevance of IgE-mediated sensitization against the mould Alternaria alternata in children with asthma
Authors: Lehmann Sylvia , Sprünken Anja , Wagner Norbert , Tenbrock Klaus , Ott Hagen 
Published: January 2017

Background: Asthma in childhood has a prevalence of 5–10% in Germany and severe asthma accounts for about 5% in this patient group. Positive predictive values for severe asthma are atopy, a positive family history and sensitizations against inhalative allergens. Alternaria is an important inhalative allergen and sensitization is suspected to correlate with severe and lethal asthma. We investigated the prevalence and impact of Alternaria sensitization in paediatric asthma. Methods: We reviewed paediatric patients with a diagnosis of low-grade, moderate and severe asthma. Data collection included concomitant atopic diseases, sensitization profiles, family history and prior hospitalization for asthma exacerbation. Results: A total of 207 paediatric patients (aged 1–17 years) were included in the study. Overall, 25% had low-grade asthma, 31% moderate and 44% severe asthma and 26% were formerly hospitalized. Alternaria sensitization was the most common in moulds, although without significant correlation with hospitalization and severe asthma. Alternaria sensitization increased with age and was significantly associated with co-sensitization against other moulds, grass pollen and cat epithelia. Allergic rhinitis was significantly correlated with hospitalization, independent of Alternaria sensitization. Conclusions: Alternaria sensitization was common and increased with age. No significant correlation was found between asthma degree, hospitalization rates and sensitization profiles. Alternaria sensitization demonstrated no isolated risk factor for severe asthma and hospitalization.
Financial Development and Output: A Synthesis of Time Series Cointegration and Causality Tests for Bangladesh
Authors: Das Anupam , Khan Syeed 
Published: January 2017

Since the 1980s, financial liberalization in developing countries has been an important policy prescription of many international organizations including the World Bank (WB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF). It is argued that the liberalization of the financial sector would allocate productive resources in the most efficient way and increase economic growth. However, the relationship between financial liberalization and output is not clear in the existing empirical literature. Applying the cointegration and Granger causality tests within the vector error correction model (VECM) to a data set from 1974 to 2013, our results suggest that output per capita Granger causes financial development, and vice versa. Hence, we find the evidence of bidirectional causality between financial development and GDP in Bangladesh. These results will help policymakers design financial policies in Bangladesh and other developing countries, which face the dilemma of financial liberalization while maintaining a high and stable output growth. JEL Classification: E44, O40, C22
Structure, Conduct and Performance Analysis of Indian Commercial Banks
Authors: Barua Ratna , Roy Malabika , Raychaudhuri Ajitava 
Published: January 2017

The market structure, conducts and performance of the Indian banking sector have changed since the introduction of banking sector reforms. Slower economic growth, coupled with asset quality problems in recent years, has taken a toll on the overall health of the Indian banking sector. Higher statutory capital requirement under Basel III has posed another major challenge to the Indian banks. The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of structural changes and conduct of Indian commercial banks on their profitability in the paradigm of structure–conduct–performance (SCP) framework. Market concentration, bank-specific/macroeconomic variables have been considered as important determinants of the profitability. The regression results find a negative relationship between profitability and market concentration and reject SCP hypotheses. The study found that capitalization, credit risk, leverage and ownership structure are the most important determinants of the profitability of Indian banks. The study also found that financial crisis had no significant impact on the profitability of Indian banks. JEL Classification: C4, G21, G28, L19
Pareto Improving Redistribution in the Case of Private Provision of Multiple Pure Public Goods
Authors: Sanyal Tilak 
Published: January 2017

The article considers the scope of Pareto improvement through an inequality-inducing income transfer in a society where multiple pure public goods are provided by voluntary contribution only from the rich individual. In contrast to the case of single public good, here we show that in presence of only one poor individual in the society such an income transfer can never be Pareto improving. JEL Classification: H41, D63, D31, H23
Part-sourcing in a Global Market
Authors: Rea Heather J , Corney Jonathan R , Clark Douglas E R , Pritchard John , Breaks Micheal L , Macleod Roddy A 
Published: January 2017

The collaborative re-use of design and manufacturing data is one way that e-commerce can significantly reduce costs and lead times of new products in a demanding global market. This paper describes the development of a 3D Internet-based search engine, which will allow designers to locate parts already in production that have a similar shape to a desired 'newly designed' part. The project anticipates a time when manufacturers will post 3D computer-generated models of their product range on the Internet as a means of advertising their production capabilities (i.e., tooling). The models will either be uploaded to, or harvested from anywhere in the world by, the search engine, which will then analyse the models and store relevant feature indices in a database. To use the system a designer would upload a model of the desired part. The search engine then analyses the shape characteristics of the target model and performs a similarity match through a sieving technique as described in this paper. As a result, the designer is presented with a number of parts similar to the one uploaded. The designer may then modify the design to incorporate the closest matching part, or contact the company to quote for the original target model, as a variant of their existing product. The challenge of the research is to identify the key shape characteristics that produce meaningful representations of the 3D models for similarity comparison purposes. After reviewing the current literature on shape matching and describing the system architecture, this paper presents initial results of the matching capabilities of the search engine.
Devolved Manufacturing
Authors: Bateman Richard J , Cheng Kai 
Published: January 2017

Recent changes in the product creation process have shown reductions in design and manufacturing time and costs due to the introduction of new manufacturing philosophies, and computer based methods. Major improvements have also been found in the distribution phase by use of sophisticated logistic scheduling and monitoring systems. However reductions in delivery costs and times look set to be reversed by increasing congestion on road/rail/air routes. The growth of the Internet and World Wide Web has created new opportunities and most organizations are introducing some form of e-commerce. The term e-manufacturing is now being used to describe attempts to optimize the use of manufacturing facilities by allowing interaction with, and control of, these facilities from geographically distant locations, typically using the Internet/www as the communication medium. This approach uses the conventional 'model' of manufacturing. Although the removal of some problems - e.g. those due to time-zones or language - can lead to performance gains, problems associated with delivery remain due to the increased distances to customers. In order to overcome the inherent limitations of the conventional approach and create true e-manufacture, a new approach is required which utilizes existing and emergent technologies to devolve the manufacturing process closer to the customer and thus avoid long distance distribution problems. Possible benefits of this approach include the potential for true mass customization ('individualization'), elimination of logistical problems, reduction of waste and requirements for working capital, and the creation of new global markets.
Mature CD10+ and immature CD10− neutrophils present in G-CSF–treated donors display opposite effects on T cells
Authors: Marini Olivia , Costa Sara , Bevilacqua Dalila , Calzetti Federica , Tamassia Nicola , Spina Cecilia , De Sabata Donata , Tinazzi Elisa , Lunardi Claudio , Scupoli Maria T. , Cavallini Chiara , Zoratti Elisa , Tinazzi Ilaria , Marchetta Antonio , Vassanelli Aurora , Cantini Maurizio , Gandini Giorgio , Ruzzenente Andrea , Guglielmi Alfredo , Missale Francesco , Vermi William , Tecchio Cristina , Cassatella Marco A. , Scapini Patrizia 
Published: January 2017

Key PointsCD10 as a marker discriminating mature from immature neutrophils within heterogeneous neutrophil populations in pathological settings. Immunosuppressive mature CD66b+CD10+ and immunostimulatory immature CD66b+CD10− neutrophils coexist in G-CSF–treated donors.
Recent trends in multiple myeloma incidence and survival by age, race, and ethnicity in the United States
Authors: Costa Luciano J. , Brill Ilene K. , Omel James , Godby Kelly , Kumar Shaji K. , Brown Elizabeth E. 
Published: January 2017

Key PointsIncidence of MM has increased in recent years in the United States with a tendency for younger age at diagnosis. Five- and 10-year survival of MM patients is improving among racial/ethnic minorities, but remains limited in patients ≥75 years of age.
Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Hill Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2017

Key pointsAdults with Down syndrome are predisposed to obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) due to overlap between the Down syndrome phenotype and OSAHS risk factors.The prevalence of OSAHS in adults with Down syndrome is estimated at 35–42%. This is up to ten-times higher than in the general adult population.Symptoms of OSAHS, including behavioural and emotional disturbances as well as standard symptoms such as sleepiness, should be monitored as part of regular health surveillance in adults with Down syndrome.There is evidence that the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in adults with Down syndrome and comorbid OSAHS can lead to significant improvements in subjective sleepiness, behaviour and cognitive function, though further large-scale trials are required.Educational aimsTo discuss the relationship between the phenotypic features of Down syndrome and the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS).To examine the prevalence of OSAHS in adults with Down syndrome.To review recent research into the effectiveness of treatment of OSAHS in adults with Down syndrome using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy.Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) is characterised by repeated cycles of upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to diurnal symptoms. Individuals with Down syndrome are predisposed to OSAHS due to overlap between the Down syndrome phenotype and OSAHS risk factors. Recent large studies using subjective and objective measures estimate that OSAHS affects around 40% of adults with Down syndrome, in contrast to 2–4% of the general adult population. The “double-hit” of comorbid Down syndrome and OSAHS may accelerate cognitive decline in adults with Down syndrome. However, with the appropriate care and support, OSAHS can be treated effectively in this group using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, improving daytime function and behaviour. Symptoms of OSAHS should be routinely monitored in this population, with testing and treatment available to all adults with Down syndrome; however, this is not currently commonplace, and health inequalities are evident.
Hyperbaric oxygen attenuates neuropathic pain and reverses inflammatory signaling likely via the Kindlin-1/Wnt-10a signaling pathway in the chronic pain injury model in rats
Authors: Zhao Baisong , Pan Yongying , Xu Haiping , Song Xingrong 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Background
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is proven to attenuate neuropathic pain in rodents. The goal of the present study was to determine the potential involvement of the Kindlin-1/Wnt-10a signaling pathway during astrocyte activation and inflammation in a rodent model of neuropathic pain.

Methods
Rats were assigned into sham operation, chronic constriction injury (CCI), and CCI + HBO treatment groups. Neuropathic pain developed in rats following CCI of the sciatic nerve. Rats in the CCI + HBO group received HBO treatment for five consecutive days beginning on postoperative day 1. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and the thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) tests were performed to determine mechanical and heat hypersensitivity of animals, respectively. Kindlin-1, Wnt-10a and β-catenin protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was also determined by ELISA.

Results
Our findings demonstrated that HBO treatment significantly suppressed mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in the CCI neuropathic pain model in rats. HBO therapy significantly reversed the up-regulation of Kindlin-1 in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal cord, and hippocampus of CCI rats. CCI-induced astrocyte activation and increased levels of TNF-α were efficiently reversed by HBO (P < 0.05 vs. CCI). HBO also reversed Wnt-10a up-regulation induced by CCI in the DRG, spinal cord, and hippocampus (P < 0.05 vs. CCI).

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that HBO attenuated CCI-induced rat neuropathic pain and inflammatory responses, possibly through regulation of the Kindlin-1/Wnt-10a signaling pathway.
An Early Abolitionist Crusade
Authors: Reséndez Andrés 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBetween the 1660s and the 1680s the Spanish Crown launched a major campaign to end the enslavement of Indians throughout its far-flung empire. Using this momentous crusade as a point of departure, this article identifies the principal slaving grounds of the Spanish empire in the second half of the seventeenth century; examines the participation of royal officials, colonists, and Native Americans during this protracted campaign; and provides an empire-wide view of the phenomenon of Indian slavery as well as the tremendous difficulties of emancipating the Native slaves.
The neurogenetics of group behavior inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Ramdya Pavan , Schneider Jonathan , Levine Joel D. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTOrganisms rarely act in isolation. Their decisions and movements are often heavily influenced by direct and indirect interactions with conspecifics. For example, we each represent a single node within a social network of family and friends, and an even larger network of strangers. This group membership can affect our opinions and actions. Similarly, when in a crowd, we often coordinate our movements with others like fish in a school, or birds in a flock. Contributions of the group to individual behaviors are observed across a wide variety of taxa but their biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. With the advent of powerful computational tools as well as the unparalleled genetic accessibility and surprisingly rich social life of Drosophila melanogaster, researchers now have a unique opportunity to investigate molecular and neuronal determinants of group behavior. Conserved mechanisms and/or selective pressures in D. melanogaster can likely inform a much wider phylogenetic scale. Here, we highlight two examples to illustrate how quantitative and genetic tools can be combined to uncover mechanisms of two group behaviors in D. melanogaster: social network formation and collective behavior. Lastly, we discuss future challenges towards a full understanding how coordinated brain activity across many individuals gives rise to the behavioral patterns of animal societies.