bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Beauveria Bassiana Spore Applications for Control of Mole Cricket Nymphs in Turf, 1997
Authors: Hertl P. T. , Brandenburg R. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of Beauveria bassiana spore (BotaniGard ES) applications in controlling mole cricket nymphs in turf, as well as the potential interaction of the fungus with the insecticide imidacloprid was investigated in a field trial. Plots 25 ft X 25 ft were established in an area with a history of mole cricket infestation on a bermudagrass fairway at the Fox Squirrel Country Club in Brunswick Co, NC. The test was set up in a CRBD with four replicates for each treatment. Plots for two of the Beauveria treatments and the Merit 0.5 G treatment plots were treated on 27 Jun with the low label rate (0.3 lb (AI)/acre) of Merit 0.5 G using a hand-held Republic EZ Handspreader®. Soil was moist at the time of application and 4-inch soil temperature was 85°F. The fairway irrigation system was used to apply 0.25 inch of water to the test site immediately following application and a long, hard rain occurred shortly thereafter. All other treatments were applied late in the afternoon on 13 Aug. The test site was pre-irrigated with approximately 0.25 inch of water using the fairway irrigation system. The 4-inch soil temperature on this date was 86°F. All Beauveria treatments were applied using a John Deere® Turf Gator-mounted re-search sprayer delivering approximately 27 gpa. The Mocap 10 G was applied using a hand-held Republic EZ handspreader®. The entire site received approximately 0.5 inch of irrigation immediately following application. Soil at the test site was classified as Leon fine sand with a pH of 6.0 and 0.86% mi-mic matter. Soapy water flush sampling at the test site indicate that the fairway population was comprised primarily of the Southern mole cricket. Plots were evaluated for fresh mole cricket damage on 20, 27 Aug, and 3, 10 Sep using the damage grid evaluation method of Cobb and Mack (1989). A m2 grid divided into nine subsections was randomly placed in the plot and a damage rating (0-9) given based on the occurrence of fresh damage in the nine sub-sections (with 0 = no damage and 9 = severe damage). Five ratings were made in each plot on each sampling date. The actual damage means are reported in the Table. All data was transformed x + 0.5 prior to ANOVA and DNMRT.
Preventive Management of White Grubs with 1.5-G Formulations of Halofenozide and Mach-2 Liquid Insecticide, 1997
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area, located in Carbon County, PA, consisted primarily of Kentucky bluegrass (40%), annual bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (20%). Treatment plots were 8 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using z CO2 sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 500 ml of water/48 ft2 or delivering 2.7 gal/lOOC ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with fine top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (19 Aug), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 70° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 69° F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 69° F; RH, 68%; amount of thatch, 0.5-0.625 inch; soil textural class, silt loam to loam; soil particle size analysis; sand, 39.4%; silt, 50.5%; clay 10.1%; organic matter, 20.9%; soil percent water content (percent by weight), 36.3; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.8; application time, mid-morning; and skies cloudy. Immediately after treatment select treatments were irrigated in with 0.2 inch of water. Post-treatment counts were made on 7 Oct. Three ft2 soc samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs/ft2 was recorded.
Efficacy of 3 Rates of Tempo 20 WP on Ants; 1997
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Lamarche Rachel , Hodgson Meggan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted at White Mountain Country Club, Ashland, NH. Four replications of 5 treatments were applied to a bluegrass fairway on 24 Jun. Initial counts of anthills were done prior to treatment. Each plot was 140 ft2, and arranged in an RCB form. All formulations were applied with a 2-wheel bicycle-type boom sprayer equipped with 4 spray heads; each head was fitted with an 8005 flat fan-type nozzle and a 50-mesh strainer. CO2 was used for pressure at 40 psi. The volume of water and insecticide per plot was 2 gal/1000 ft2. Weather conditions (10 am) were as follows: air temp, 70CF; sky, overcast; wind, 6 mph. Soil conditions were as follows: texture, silt loam; sand, 34%; silt, 54%; clay, 12%; moisture, 24%; organic matter, 6.2%, pH, 5.5. Each plot was rated by counting all active anthills prior to spraying and then 7 and 14 DAT.
Efficacy of Four Formulations of Halofenozide (A Growth Regulator) Against European Chafer Larvae on a Home Lawn, 1996
Authors: Vittum P. J. , Tiskus M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Four formulations of halofenozide (RH-0345) were tested for efficacy against European chafer larvae on a home iawn at the Suburban Experiment Station, Waltham, MA. The lawn consisted of 30% crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), 30% perennial ryegrass, 20% Kentucky bluegrass, 20% dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.), and was mowed at ca. 1.5 inches. Treatment plots were 8 ft by 8 ft, replicated 5 times, arranged in a CRB. All applications were made on 24 Jul. Granular products were applied using glass jars with perforated lids. Liquid formulations were applied ay hand with a watering can using 3 liters of water per plot. Soil conditions at the study site at time of application were as follows: soil type, silty loam; soil pH 6.2. All plots were watered in with 0.25 inch of irrigation through overhead irrigation within 15 minutes of application. Product efficacy was evaluated on 19 Sept (57 DAT) by removing 5 cup-cutter plugs (4.25-inch diam) from near the center of each plot, dislodging soil and counting all grubs to a Jepth of 3 inches.
Maggot Control, 1997
Authors: Collins J. A. , Drummond F. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Test materials were applied to plots in bearing blueberry fields at Deblois (Tests 1 and 2) and Township 19 (Tests 3 and 4), Maine. Timing for each application is given in the table. Treatment plot size measured 100 X 300-ft for Test 1, 150 X 300-ft for Test 2, and 200 X 300-ft for Tests 3 and 4. An untreated area adjacent to each plot or set of treated plots was designated as a control. The first application was made when yellow sticky trap captures indicated that BM populations had exceeded threshold levels as defined by current management practices (6 flies at any one visit or 10+ flies over 2 or more visits). Materials were applied using a Cessna Ag Wagon® equipped with 30 CP nozzles on 2½-inch drop tubes and calibrated with a #7 Crop Hawk® Flow Meter to deliver 5 (Sniper) or 6 (Imidan) pints of water-mixture per acre. Ground speed =120 mph; 2500 RPM; pressure at boom = 40 psi; height = 5-8 ft; 50 ft swath. On 4 Aug (Tests 3 and 4) and 8 Aug (Tests 1 and 2), one quart of berries was raked from each of 10 or 15 preselected subsites within each treated and untreated check plot and at least 25 ft from plot boundaries. Berries were refrigerated and processed for maggots within 2 weeks of collection. Weather during the trial was very dry. Only 1.57 inches of rain was recorded between 1 Jul and 8 Aug.
Aphid Management on Head Cabbage, 1997
Authors: Mau R.F.L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted at the substation of the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park. A RCB design with six treatments and four replications (blocks) was used. Each treatment plot consisted of a single row of cabbage planted [ at 18-inch between-plant spacing. Each row consisted of 45 plants for a total length of approximately 70 ft. Treatment plots were separated by a 48-inch ; spacing. Blocks were separated by a 60-inch spacing. Total field size was 0.15 acre. Admire was applied on 25 Jun, one week after transplanting seedlings i into the field. A hand injector was used to place the insecticide in the root zone. The field was irrigated immediately following the Admire application. Foliar treatments were applied on 22 Jul at a rate of 100 gpa and 60 psi using a CO2 backpack sprayer. The spray wand was equipped with a single hollowcone TX-26 nozzle. Aphid counts were made at pre-treatment, 6, 13, and 20 DAT. In conducting the surveys, the same ten plants in each treatment plot were examined. Alatae and apterous counts were made for the pre-treatment, 6 and 13 DAT surveys. Only the total number of aphids was recorded in the I last survey. Aphid species were identified by the Entomology Department’s insect taxonomist.
Evaluation of Insecticide Treatments on Cabbage, 1997
Authors: Riley David G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage, ‘Market Prize,’ was direct seeded into two rows per 6-ft beds on 8 Jan and maintained with standard cultural practices at the Lang Farm, Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station at Tifton, GA. A total of 150 lb/acre of 10-10-10 were applied to Tift pebbly clay loam field plots which were irrigated regularly with an overhead sprinkler system. Scouting was initiated on 2 Apr and continued weekly until harvest. Six weekly applications of insecticide were made from 3 Apr to 26 May and 2 samples of 3 plants were scouted per plot approximately 24 to 48 h after weekly applications. Small (1st to 3rd instar) and large (4th to 6th instar) larvae of DBM, CL, and ICW were recorded per 3-plant sample. Cabbage was harvested from 10 ft of row (8 to 10 heads) on 30 May and heads and wrapper leaves were rated as severely (3), moderately (2), slightly (1), or not damaged (0). Weights of marketable heads were determined. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD tests for separation of means (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae with Insecticides, 1997
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Holloway C. Wade 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Green Cup’ cabbage were transplanted in early Mar near Weeksville, NC. Single-row plots, 10 ft long on 42-inch centers, were replicated 4 times in RCB design. Alleys of 5 ft were used between replicates. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer using a single hollow-cone nozzle (18X) operating at 60 psi to deliver 54.5 gpa. Applications with Triton AG-98 (spreader) were made with all treatments 19 and 27 May and 3 Jun. Visual estimates of foliar damage and insect counts were made 27 May and 3 and 10 Jun. No CL or ICW were present during the test. Water pan traps with pheromones were used to monitor the number of adult DBM in the area.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Diamondback Moth on Collards, 1997
Authors: McLeod Paul 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Champion’ Collard was planted at the Vegetable Insecticide Plot, Univ. of Arkansas Main Experimental Station on 2 Sep 1997. Plants were spaced 2 inches apart in rows separated by 40 inches. Plots consisted of one 50-ft-long row. Experimental design was RCB with four replications. Treatments were applied 25 Sep with a backpack sprayer equipped with 1 Tee Jet 8003 nozzle calibrated to deliver 34.5 gpa at 30 psi. Insecticide effectiveness was assessed by counting the number of DBM larvae on each of 15 randomly selected plants per plot 4 DAT. Each of the 15 plants also was rated for foliage damage; i.e., 0 for no damage to 5 for complete loss of foliage.
Seed Maggot Control on Sweet Corn, 1997
Authors: Eckenrode C. J. , Webb D. R. , Hessney M. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A hand pushed ‘V’ belt seeder was used to plant 100 seeds in each treatment row at the Fruit and Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY on 23 Jun. A 2-4-inch band of meat and bone meal was placed over each row to increase seed maggot oviposition. Each treatment consisted of single-row treatments (25 ft), 3 ft apart in a RCB design with 4 replications. All treatments were pretreated with Captan for control of seed rots. Seedlings with the seed kernels still attached were dug on 2 Jul, 25/replication, for evaluation of seed maggot injury. In corn, it is usually the kernels that show seed maggot injury rather than the emerging seedlings. The in-furrow Regent treatment was applied using 1 gal water/acre, and the “T” band using 3.5 gal.
Past, present, and future of nitrous oxide
Authors: Lew V , McKay E , Maze M 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionFor a drug that has been omnipresent for nearly 200 years, nitrous oxide’s (N2O) future seems less certain than its illustrious past. Environmental concerns are coming to the fore and may yet outweigh important clinical benefits.Sources of dataAfter determining the scope of the review, the authors used PubMed with select phrases encompassing the words in the scope. Both preclinical and clinical reports were considered.Areas of agreementThe analgesic and anaesthetic advantages of N2O remain despite a plethora of newer agentsAreas of controversyN2O greenhouse gas effect and its inhibition of key enzymes involved in protein and DNA synthesis have provided further fuel for those intent on eliminating its further clinical use.Growing pointsThe use of N2O for treatment-resistant depression has gained traction.Areas timely for developing researchComparative studies for N2O role in combatting the prescription opioid analgesic epidemic may well provide further clinical impetus.
Dexmedetomidine Prevents Cognitive Decline by Enhancing Resolution of High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein–induced Inflammation through a Vagomimetic Action in Mice
Authors: Hu Jun , Vacas Susana , Feng Xiaomei , Lutrin David , Uchida Yosuke , Lai Ieng Kit , Maze Mervyn 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
Inflammation initiated by damage-associated molecular patterns has been implicated for the cognitive decline associated with surgical trauma and serious illness. We determined whether resolution of inflammation mediates dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of damage-associated molecular pattern–induced cognitive decline.

Methods
Cognitive decline (assessed by trace fear conditioning) was induced with high molecular group box 1 protein, a damage-associated molecular pattern, in mice that also received blockers of neural (vagal) and humoral inflammation-resolving pathways. Systemic and neuroinflammation was assessed by proinflammatory cytokines.

Results
Damage-associated molecular pattern–induced cognitive decline and inflammation (mean ± SD) was reversed by dexmedetomidine (trace fear conditioning: 58.77 ± 8.69% vs. 41.45 ± 7.64%, P < 0.0001; plasma interleukin [IL]-1β: 7.0 ± 2.2 pg/ml vs. 49.8 ± 6.0 pg/ml, P < 0.0001; plasma IL-6: 3.2 ± 1.6 pg/ml vs. 19.5 ± 1.7 pg/ml, P < 0.0001; hippocampal IL-1β: 4.1 ± 3.0 pg/mg vs. 41.6 ± 8.0 pg/mg, P < 0.0001; hippocampal IL-6: 3.4 ± 1.3 pg/mg vs. 16.2 ± 2.7 pg/mg, P < 0.0001). Reversal by dexmedetomidine was prevented by blockade of vagomimetic imidazoline and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors but not by α2 adrenoceptor blockade. Netrin-1, the orchestrator of inflammation–resolution, was upregulated (fold-change) by dexmedetomidine (lung: 1.5 ± 0.1 vs. 0.7 ± 0.1, P < 0.0001; spleen: 1.5 ± 0.2 vs. 0.6 ± 0.2, P < 0.0001), resulting in upregulation of proresolving (lipoxin-A4: 1.7 ± 0.2 vs. 0.9 ± 0.2, P < 0.0001) and downregulation of proinflammatory (leukotriene-B4: 1.0 ± 0.2 vs. 3.0 ± 0.3, P < 0.0001) humoral mediators that was prevented by α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor blockade.

Conclusions
Dexmedetomidine resolves inflammation through vagomimetic (neural) and humoral pathways, thereby preventing damage-associated molecular pattern–mediated cognitive decline.
Astrocytic N-Myc Downstream-regulated Gene–2 Is Involved in Nuclear Transcription Factor κB–mediated Inflammation Induced by Global Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Deng You-liang , Ma Yu-long , Zhang Zeng-li , Zhang Li-xia , Guo Hang , Qin Pei , Hou Yu-shu , Gao Zi-jun , Hou Wu-gang 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
Inflammation is a key element in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. This study investigated the role of N-Myc downstream-regulated gene–2 in nuclear transcription factor κB–mediated inflammation in ischemia models.

Methods
Mice (n = 6 to 12) with or without nuclear transcription factor κB inhibitor pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate pretreatment were subjected to global cerebral ischemia for 20 min. Pure astrocyte cultures or astrocyte-neuron cocultures (n = 6) with or without pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate pretreatment were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 4 h or 2 h. Astrocytic nuclear transcription factor κB and N-Myc downstream-regulated gene–2 expression, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, neuronal apoptosis and survival, and memory function were analyzed at different time points after reperfusion or reoxygenation. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion was also studied in lentivirus-transfected astrocyte lines after reoxygenation.

Results
Astrocytic nuclear transcription factor κB and N-Myc downstream-regulated gene–2 expression and proinflammatory cytokine secretion increased after reperfusion or reoxygenation. Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate pretreatment significantly reduced N-Myc downstream-regulated gene–2 expression and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in vivo and in vitro, reduced neuronal apoptosis induced by global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (from 65 ± 4% to 47 ± 4%, P = 0.0375) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (from 45.6 ± 0.2% to 22.0 ± 4.0%, P < 0.001), and improved memory function in comparison to vehicle-treated control animals subjected to global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. N-Myc downstream-regulated gene–2 lentiviral knockdown reduced the oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions
Astrocytic N-Myc downstream-regulated gene–2 is up-regulated after cerebral ischemia and is involved in nuclear transcription factor κB–mediated inflammation. Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate alleviates ischemia-induced neuronal injury and hippocampal-dependent cognitive impairment by inhibiting increases in N-Myc downstream-regulated gene–2 expression and N-Myc downstream-regulated gene–2—mediated inflammation.
Tear-Film Evaporation Rate from Simultaneous Ocular-Surface Temperature and Tear-Breakup Area
Authors: Dursch Thomas J. , Li Wing , Taraz Baseem , Lin Meng C. , Radke Clayton J. 
Published: December 2017

SIGNIFICANCE
A corneal heat-transfer model is presented to quantify simultaneous measurements of fluorescein tear-breakup area (TBA) and ocular-surface temperature (OST). By accounting for disruption of the tear-film lipid layer (TFLL), we report evaporation rates through lipid-covered tear. The modified heat-transfer model provides new insights into evaporative dry eye.

PURPOSE
A quantitative analysis is presented to assess human aqueous tear evaporation rate (TER) through intact TFLLs from simultaneous in vivo measurement of time-dependent infrared OST and fluorescein TBA.

METHODS
We interpret simultaneous OST and TBA measurements using an extended heat-transfer model. We hypothesize that TBAs are ineffectively insulated by the TFLL and therefore exhibit higher TER than does that for a well-insulting TFLL-covered tear. As time proceeds, TBAs increase in number and size, thereby increasing the cornea area-averaged TER and decreasing OST. Tear-breakup areas were assessed from image analysis of fluorescein tear-film-breakup video recordings and are included in the heat-transfer description of OST.

RESULTS
Model-predicted OSTs agree well with clinical experiments. Percent reductions in TER of lipid-covered tear range from 50 to 95% of that for pure water, in good agreement with literature. The physical picture of noninsulating or ruptured TFLL spots followed by enhanced evaporation from underlying cooler tear-film ruptures is consistent with the evaporative-driven mechanism for local tear rupture.

CONCLUSIONS
A quantitative analysis is presented of in vivo TER from simultaneous clinical measurement of transient OST and TBA. The new heat-transfer model accounts for increased TER through expanding TBAs. Tear evaporation rate varies strongly across the cornea because lipid is effectively missing over tear-rupture troughs. The result is local faster evaporation compared with nonruptured, thick lipid–covered tear. Evaporative-driven tear-film ruptures deepen to a thickness where fluorescein quenching commences and local salinity rises to uncomfortable levels. Mitigation of tear-film rupture may therefore reduce dry eye–related symptoms.
Evaluation of the Effects of Radio-Frequency Identification Technology on Patient Tracking in Hospitals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Fahimeh , Nabovati Ehsan , Hasibian Mohammad Reza , Eslami Saeid 
Published: December 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to systematically review all studies that evaluated the effects of using radio-frequency identification (RFID) for tracking patients in hospitals.

Methods
The PubMed and Embase databases were searched (to August 2015) for relevant English language studies, and those that evaluated the effects of a real-time locating systems with RFID for patient tracking in hospitals were identified and extracted.

Results
Of the 652 studies found, the 17 relevant studies were extracted for inclusion. Five of the extracted studies used RFID systems in operating theaters, two in emergency departments, one in a magnetic resonance imaging department, one in a radiology room, and the remaining eight studies were in other wards. In these studies, features such as the feasibility, accuracy, precision, reliability, security, level of satisfaction, cost of care, and time efficiency of the RFID systems were reported. Of all the extracted studies, seven evaluated the accuracy of the systems in crowded and unattended areas, and five of these were satisfied with their accuracy. Six evaluated the reliability of the systems, and all of these found the systems to be reliable. Six evaluated time-savings, and all of them reported the systems to be time effective. Two focused on the cost of care, and both of these reported the systems to be cost effective.

Conclusions
Although most studies reported a positive impact on the accuracy and precision of patient identification, there is insufficient good evidence to show that RFID systems can accurately localize patients in crowded settings.
Accurately Determining Proper Shoe Size in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Tovaruela-Carrión Natalia , Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo , Losa-Iglesias Marta Elena , Palomo-López Patricia , Munuera-Martínez Pedro Vicente , Pérez-García Sergio , López-López Daniel 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this descriptive study was to determine whether people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) wear adequately fitting footwear.

Design
This observational study was carried out in a health center between January and December 2014 in the state of A Coruña, Spain.

Method
A total of 166 patients (47 men, 119 women) completed all stages of the research process. A validated Brannock Device was used to record foot and shoe length and width.

Findings
Only 64 (38.55%) participants wore shoes that met the needs and requirements of their feet, and 98 (59.03%) participants wore the incorrect shoe size, at least in one foot.

Conclusions
Many patients with RA often wear shoes that are too narrow for their foot. Assessing the proper footwear fit is an important part of the clinical foot examination.

Clinical Relevance
Early detection of inappropriate shoe size in patients with RA allows rehabilitation nurses to optimize foot health.