bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory-generated mixtures of mineral dust particles with biological substances: characterization of the particle mixing state and immersion freezing behavior
Authors: Augustin-Bauditz Stefanie , Wex Heike , Denjean Cyrielle , Hartmann Susan , Schneider Johannes , Schmidt Susann , Ebert Martin , Stratmann Frank 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Biological particles such as bacteria, fungal spores or pollen are known to be efficient ice nucleating particles. Their ability to nucleate ice is due to ice nucleation active macromolecules (INMs). It has been suggested that these INMs maintain their nucleating ability even when they are separated from their original carriers. This opens the possibility of an accumulation of such INMs in soils, resulting in an internal mixture of mineral dust and INMs. If particles from such soils which contain biological INMs are then dispersed into the atmosphere due to wind erosion or agricultural processes, they could induce ice nucleation at temperatures typical for biological substances, i.e., above −20 up to almost 0 °C, while they might be characterized as mineral dust particles due to a possibly low content of biological material. We conducted a study within the research unit INUIT (Ice Nucleation research UnIT), where we investigated the ice nucleation behavior of mineral dust particles internally mixed with INM. Specifically, we mixed a pure mineral dust sample (illite-NX) with ice active biological material (birch pollen washing water) and quantified the immersion freezing behavior of the resulting particles utilizing the Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS). A very important topic concerning the investigations presented here as well as for atmospheric application is the characterization of the mixing state of aerosol particles. In the present study we used different methods like single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and a Volatility–Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyser (VH-TDMA) to investigate the mixing state of our generated aerosol. Not all applied methods performed similarly well in detecting small amounts of biological material on the mineral dust particles. Measuring the hygroscopicity/volatility of the mixed particles with the VH-TDMA was the most sensitive method. We found that internally mixed particles, containing ice active biological material, follow the ice nucleation behavior observed for the pure biological particles. We verified this by modeling the freezing behavior of the mixed particles with the Soccerball model (SBM). It can be concluded that a single INM located on a mineral dust particle determines the freezing behavior of that particle with the result that freezing occurs at temperatures at which pure mineral dust particles are not yet ice active.
Effects of melting ice sheets and orbital forcing on the early Holocene warming in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Zhang Yurui , Renssen Hans , Seppä Heikki 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The early Holocene is marked by the final transition from the last deglaciation to the relatively warm Holocene. Proxy-based temperature reconstructions suggest a Northern Hemisphere warming, but also indicate important regional differences. Model studies have analyzed the influence of diminishing ice sheets and other forcings on the climate system during the Holocene. The climate response to forcings before 9 kyr BP (referred to hereafter as kyr), however, remains not fully comprehended. We therefore studied, by employing the LOVECLIM climate model, how orbital and ice-sheet forcings contributed to climate change and to these regional differences during the earliest part of the Holocene (11.5–7 kyr). Our equilibrium experiment for 11.5 kyr suggests lower annual mean temperatures at the onset of the Holocene than in the preindustrial era with the exception of Alaska. The magnitude of this cool anomaly varied regionally, and these spatial patterns are broadly consistent with proxy-based reconstructions. Temperatures throughout the whole year in northern Canada and northwestern Europe for 11.5 kyr were 2–5 °C lower than those of the preindustrial era as the climate was strongly influenced by the cooling effect of the ice sheets, which was caused by enhanced surface albedo and ice-sheet orography. In contrast, temperatures in Alaska for all seasons for the same period were 0.5–3 °C higher than the control run, which were caused by a combination of orbital forcing and stronger southerly winds that advected warm air from the south in response to prevailing high air pressure over the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). The transient experiments indicate a highly inhomogeneous early Holocene temperature warming over different regions. The climate in Alaska was constantly cooling over the whole Holocene, whereas there was an overall fast early Holocene warming in northern Canada by more than 1 °C kyr−1 as a consequence of progressive LIS decay. Comparisons of simulated temperatures with proxy records illustrate uncertainties related to the reconstruction of ice-sheet melting, and such a kind of comparison has the potential to constrain the uncertainties in ice-sheet reconstruction. Overall, our results demonstrate the variability of the climate during the early Holocene, both in terms of spatial patterns and temporal evolution.
A "mental models" approach to the communication of subsurface hydrology and hazards
Authors: Gibson Hazel , Stewart Iain S. , Pahl Sabine , Stokes Alison 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Communicating information about geological and hydrological hazards relies on appropriately worded communications targeted at the needs of the audience. But what are these needs, and how does the geoscientist discern them? This paper adopts a psychological "mental models" approach to assess the public perception of the geological subsurface, presenting the results of attitudinal studies and surveys in three communities in the south-west of England. The findings reveal important preconceptions and misconceptions regarding the impact of hydrological systems and hazards on the geological subsurface, notably in terms of the persistent conceptualisation of underground rivers and the inferred relations between flooding and human activity. The study demonstrates how such mental models can provide geoscientists with empirical, detailed and generalised data of perceptions surrounding an issue, as well reveal unexpected outliers in perception that they may not have considered relevant, but which nevertheless may locally influence communication. Using this approach, geoscientists can develop information messages that more directly engage local concerns and create open engagement pathways based on dialogue, which in turn allow both geoscience "experts" and local "non-experts" to come together and understand each other more effectively.
Technical note: Harmonising metocean model data via standard web services within small research groups
Authors: Signell Richard P. , Camossi Elena 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Work over the last decade has resulted in standardised web services and tools that can significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of working with meteorological and ocean model data. While many operational modelling centres have enabled query and access to data via common web services, most small research groups have not. The penetration of this approach into the research community, where IT resources are limited, can be dramatically improved by (1) making it simple for providers to enable web service access to existing output files; (2) using free technologies that are easy to deploy and configure; and (3) providing standardised, service-based tools that work in existing research environments. We present a simple, local brokering approach that lets modellers continue to use their existing files and tools, while serving virtual data sets that can be used with standardised tools. The goal of this paper is to convince modellers that a standardised framework is not only useful but can be implemented with modest effort using free software components. We use NetCDF Markup language for data aggregation and standardisation, the THREDDS Data Server for data delivery, pycsw for data search, NCTOOLBOX (MATLAB®) and Iris (Python) for data access, and Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service for data preview. We illustrate the effectiveness of this approach with two use cases involving small research modelling groups at NATO and USGS.
Triggerfactoren in het radicaliseringsproces
Authors: Feddes A.R. , Nickolson L. , Doosje B. 
Published: May 2016

Trigger factors in the process of radicalization
In order to understand why people can turn to violence to achieve political or societal changes, it is important to examine factors that can trigger a process of radicalization. In this article the authors outline such a model of trigger factors. In this model they specify trigger factors at the micro level (individual level), meso level (group level), and macro level (societal level). In addition, the authors argue that it is important to take into account personal characteristics, such as age, gender, and the type of motivation, behind a radicalization process. With respect to these types of motivation, the authors distinguish between sensation seekers, justice seekers, identity seekers, and meaning seekers. This model enables to discern triggers in the radicalization process of specific people in specific contexts.
Illumination Inconsistency Sleuthing for Exposing Fauxtography and Uncovering Composition Telltales in Digital Images
Authors: Carvalho Tiago 
Published: May 2016

Think about how capture device’s technology is improved day after day. Add to this condition that digital image manipulation tools are increasingly powerful and simple to use. Finally, when a malicious user is added at this equation, the result is an astonishing number of digital images forgeries spread out in the internet as fast as possible. This work present four different methods to fight against image splicing, an special kind of image forgery. Each one of the methods, present significant contributions to state of the art.
Tracheal Structure Characterization using Geometric and Appearance Models for Efficient Assessment of Stenosis in Videobronchoscopy
Authors: Sánchez Carles 
Published: May 2016

Recent advances in endoscopic devices have increased their use for minimal invasive diagnostic and intervention procedures. Among all endoscopic modalities, bronchoscopy is one of the most frequent with around 261 millions of procedures per year. Although the use of bronchoscopy is spread among clinical facilities it presents some drawbacks, being the visual inspection for the assessment of anatomical measurements the most prevalent of them. In particular, inaccuracies in the estimation of the degree of stenosis (the percentage of obstructed airway) decreases its diagnostic yield and might lead to erroneous treatments. An objective computation of tracheal stenosis in bronchoscopy videos would constitute a breakthrough for this non-invasive technique and a reduction in treatment cost.This thesis settles the first steps towards on-line reliable extraction of anatomical information from videobronchoscopy for computation of objective measures. In particular, we focus on the computation of the degree of stenosis, which is obtained by comparing the area delimited by a healthy tracheal ring and the stenosed lumen. In this sense, we have to consider that reliable extraction of airway structures in interventional videobronchoscopy is a challenging task. This is mainly due to the large variety of acquisition conditions (positions and illumination), devices (different digitalizations) and in videosacquired at the operating room the unpredicted presence of surgical devices (such as probe ends). This thesis contributes to on-line stenosis assessment in several ways. We propose a parametric strategy for the extraction of lumen and tracheal rings regions based on the characterization of their geometry and appearance that guide a deformable model. The geometric and appearance characterization is based on a physical model describing the way bronchoscopy images are obtained and includes local and global descriptions. In order to ensure a systematic applicability we present a statistical framework to select the optimal parameters of our method. Experiments perform on the first public annotated database, show that the performance of our method is comparable to the one provided by clinicians and its computation time allows for a on-line implementation in the operating room.
From pixels to gestures: learning visual representations for human analysis in color and depth data sequences
Authors: Hernandez-Vela Antonio 
Published: May 2016

The visual analysis of humans from images is an important topic of interest due to its relevance to many computer vision applications likepedestrian detection, monitoring and surveillance, human-computer interaction, e-health or content-based image retrieval, among others.In this dissertation we are interested in learning different visual representations of the human body that are helpful for the visual analysis of humans in images and video sequences. To that end, we analyze both RGB and depth image modalities and address the problem from three different research lines, at different levels of abstraction; from pixels to gestures: human segmentation, human pose estimation and gesture recognition.First, we show how binary segmentation (object vs. background) of the human body in image sequences is helpful to remove all the background clutter present in the scene. The presented method, based on Graph cuts optimization, enforces spatio-temporal consistency of the produced segmentation masks among consecutive frames. Secondly, we present a framework for multi-label segmentation for obtaining much more detailed segmentation masks: instead of just obtaining a binary representation separating the human body from the background, finer segmentation masks can be obtained separating the different body parts.At a higher level of abstraction, we aim for a simpler yet descriptive representation of the human body. Human pose estimation methods usually rely on skeletal models of the human body, formed by segments (or rectangles) that represent the body limbs, appropriately connected following the kinematic constraints of the human body. In practice, such skeletal models must fulfill some constraints in order to allow for efficient inference, while actually limiting the expressiveness of the model. In order to cope with this, we introduce a top-down approach for predicting the position of the body parts in the model, using a mid-level part representation based on Poselets.Finally, we propose a framework for gesture recognition based on the bag of visual words framework. We leverage the benefits of RGB and depth image modalities by combining modality-specific visual vocabularies in a late fusion fashion. A new rotation-variant depth descriptor is presented, yielding better results than other state-of-the-art descriptors. Moreover, spatio-temporal pyramids are used to encode rough spatial and temporal structure. In addition, we present a probabilistic reformulation of Dynamic Time Warping for gesture segmentation in video sequences. A Gaussian-based probabilistic model of a gesture is learnt, implicitly encoding possible deformations in both spatial and time domains.
Interpreting the Structure of Single Images by Learning from Examples
Authors: Haines Osian 
Published: May 2016

An important problem in computer vision is the interpretation of the content of a single image. In our work we investigated the challenging case of recovering the underlying 3D structure of a scene from a single image, by learning from trainig data. Toward this, we developed a plane detection algorithm, which is able to find planar surfaces in a single still image and estimate their orientation with respect to the camera. This comprises two parts: a plane recognition stage, to classify individual regions as being planar or not, and to estimate their orienation; followed by a Markov-random field based segmentation stage to find distinct planes in the image. We also demonstrated an application of this to visual odometry, where single-image plane detection allows structure-rich maps to be built quickly. (Please note that this abstract does not appear in the submitted article itself, since that is itself an extended thesis abstract! But the above describes the main points of our work as described in our submission.)
Multi-focus image fusion using maximum symmetric surround saliency detection
Authors: Bavirisetti Durga Prasad , Dhuli Ravindra 
Published: May 2016

In digital photography, two or more objects of a scene cannot be focused at the same time. If we focus one object, we may lose information about other objects and vice versa. Multi-focus image fusion is a process of generating an all-in-focus image from several out-of-focus images. In this paper, we propose a new multi-focus image fusion method based on two-scale image decomposition and saliency detection using maximum symmetric surround. This method is very beneficial because the saliency map used in this method can highlight the saliency information present in the source images with well defined boundaries. A weight map construction method based on saliency information is developed in this paper. This weight map can identify the focus and defocus regions present in the image very well. So we implemented a new fusion algorithm based on weight map which integrate only focused region information into the fused image. Unlike multi-scale image fusion methods, in this method two-scale image decomposition is sufficient. So, it is computationally efficient. Proposed method is tested on several multi-focus image datasets and it is compared with traditional and recently proposed fusion methods using various fusion metrics. Results justify that our proposed method outperforms the existing methods.
Digital indsamling som metode: Erfaringer fra undersøgelsen Lokaleliv.dk
Authors: Pedersen Marianne Holm 
Published: May 2016

﻿The method of digital collection: Experiences from Lokaleliv.dk Collection and research are two central purposes for the Danish Folklore Archives at the Royal Library. Like many other archives in the Nordic countries, the archive is experimenting with digital collection via the internet. In 2009-2010, the Danish Folklore Archives carried out the internet based questionnaire Lokaleliv.dk (“Local lives in Denmark”) together with a number of Danish archives and museums. The purpose of the questionnaire was to gather information about voluntary activities taking place in different local communities in Denmark and to examine how local communities come into being. The questionnaire thus focused on leisure activities and social relations among people in Denmark. It consisted of 73 questions, with the last question including the option of writing a text about one’s activities in the local area. While the questionnaire responses document a rich and varied life of local communities all over the country, it has turned out that it is difficult to analyze the collected material with regard to the questions initially posed when the project was launched. Based on the initial experiences and results from Lokaleliv.dk, the purpose of this article is to discuss some of the challenges of digital collection. It discusses conceptual and methodological issues related to the study, and it argues that one of the key challenges in working with the findings from Lokaleliv.dk is based on a discrepancy between the questions asked and the methods used.
Collaboration médecine-psychologie : évolution des mentalités en Belgique et évolution du système de soins de santé au Canada
Authors: Chomienne Marie-Hélène , Vanneste Patrick , Grenier Jean , Hendrick Stephan 
Published: May 2016

L’expertise des psychologues dans l’évaluation et la prise en charge des troubles communs de santé mentale comme l’anxiété et la dépression qui sont fréquents en soins primaires et co-morbides avec les maladies chroniques font des psychologues une ressource essentielle pour les médecins. Les psychologues représentent un large bassin de professionnels spécialisés dans le diagnostic et la pratique de la psychothérapie ; la collaboration médecins-psychologues est d’autant plus critique dans le contexte visant à augmenter l’accès des populations aux traitements psychologiques et aux psychothérapies. Cet article se veut un regard sur l’état de la collaboration entre médecins et psychologues en Belgique et au Canada. Il examine l’évolution des mentalités entre ces deux professions dans une perspective européenne belge et la façon dont le contexte et le système de soins de santé publique au Canada influencent le potentiel de collaboration entre ces deux professions. Les études démontrent la volonté et la facilité qu’ont ces deux professions à collaborer. Mais ceci doit être appuyé par des structures systémiques et académiques facilitantes notamment dans l’apprentissage précoce à la collaboration dans le cursus de ces professions.
Plaidoyer pour l’inclusion de psychologues dans les équipes de santé familiale en Ontario, Canada
Authors: Grenier Jean , Chomienne Marie-Hélène , Gaboury Isabelle 
Published: May 2016

Le présent article se veut un plaidoyer pour augmenter l’accessibilité des services psychologiques au niveau des soins de santé primaires en se penchant plus particulièrement sur la pertinence d’inclure des psychologues dans les équipes de santé familiale (ÉSF) en soins primaires en Ontario.
Les auteurs présentent leur plaidoyer à partir de deux niveaux d’informations : 1) les résultats scientifiques d’un projet de démonstration financé par les Fonds pour l’adaptation des soins de santé primaires (FASSP) dans lequel des psychologues ont été intégrés à des cliniques de médecine familiale ; et 2) les commentaires, expériences et observations générales des auteurs au cours des dix dernières années en ce qui concerne l’inclusion de psychologues en soins primaires en Ontario.
Le projet de démonstration ainsi que l’expérience clinique soutenue des auteurs en santé mentale en soins primaires sont à divers égards, cohérents avec la littérature scientifique. Les équipes interprofessionnelles devraient bénéficier davantage d’une combinaison judicieuse de divers types de professionnels de la santé mentale pour répondre efficacement aux complexités des problèmes de santé mentale de la population desservie. On ne peut s’attendre à ce qu’un seul type de professionnel de la santé mentale sur une équipe soit en mesure de répondre adéquatement à tous les niveaux de complexité des problèmes rencontrés en soins primaires. En ce moment, il y a un manque à combler dans les ÉSF et les soins primaires au sens large, et il semble tout à fait logique que les psychologues soient davantage invités à joindre l’équipe.