bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introdução: governança global e direito administrativo global na ordem legal internacional
Authors: Krisch Nico , Kingsbury Benedict 
Published: February 2016

A globalização e o surgimento da governança global estão transformando a estrutura do direito internacional, muito embora essas transformações ocorram num plano abaixo da ordem legal internacional e não sejam, frequentemente, noticiadas. Partindo de uma perspectiva do clássico direito internacional baseado no relacionamento entre Estados, a governança global pode, todavia, simplesmente aparecer como um aumento na quantidade de instrumentos legais internacionais, algumas vezes, combinada com fortes mecanismos de aplicação e acompanhada de algumas mudanças no procedimento de celebrar tratados. Neste artigo, primeiro esboçamos resumidamente as orientações das hipóteses subjacentes à ideia de direito administrativo global. Após, examinamos minuciosamente alguns temas nos vários artigos, para separar por semelhança as diferentes contribuições sobre potencial normativo e problemas do direito administrativo global. Por fim, procuramos aproximar, de acordo com as análises apresentadas pelos autores, que na maioria dos casos são especialistas na área do direito ou defendem posição diferente do tradicional direito internacional, alguns desafios que a regulamentação governamental dos mercados globais e a emergência de um espaço administrativo global podem apresentar para o padrão de relacionamento entre Estados, modelado com base no consenso do direito internacional. Globalization and the rise of global governance are transforming the structure of international law, though much of this transformation takes place beneath the surface of the international legal order and often goes unnoticed. From the perspective of classical, inter-state, consentbased international law, global governance may still appear merely as a quantitative increase in international legal instruments, sometimes coupled with stronger enforcement mechanisms and accompanied by some changes in procedures of treaty-making. In this article, we first outline briefly the guiding assumptions underlying the idea of a global administrative law. Then, we canvass some themes in the various papers by distilling approaches the different contributors take to the normative potential and problems of global administrative law. Finally, we seek to draw from the analyses presented by the contributors, who in most cases are specialists in fields of law or politics other than traditional international law, some challenges that the regulatory governance of global markets and the emergence of a global administrative space may pose to standard inter-state, consent-based models of international law.
Marco civil ou demarcação de direitos? Democracia, razoabilidade e as fendas na internet do Brasil
Authors: Thompson Marcelo 
Published: February 2016

O chamado “Marco Civil da Internet no Brasil” (Projeto de Lei nº 2.126 de 2011) estabelecerá, para a internet brasileira, um regime de tutela da liberdade de expressão fundado na dinâmica da Primeira Emenda à Constituição dos Estados Unidos da América — conferindo à liberdade de expressão proteção superior àquela conferida a outros direitos da personalidade. O presente artigo discute as situações de colisão entre a liberdade de expressão e outros direitos da personalidade, em particular o direito à honra, como um paradigma do pensar constitucional do Marco Civil. Em o fazendo, o artigo questiona a adequação do Marco Civil à jurisprudência recente do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) sobre liberdade de expressão e compara a dinâmica de responsabilidade civil que o Marco Civil estabelece com aquela em vigor na União Europeia, em geral, e no Reino Unido, em particular (por questões que o artigo identifica). Colisões entre a liberdade de expressão e o direito à honra são, em geral, “hard cases”, de forma que o foco particular aqui dedicado a elas apresenta potencial de generalização. O artigo argumenta que o Marco Civil, ao veladamente separar direitos da personalidade em grupos distintos, e ao, na prática, neutralizar direitos como honra, vida privada e direitos da criança e do adolescente, cria demarcações irrazoáveis e incompatíveis com as possibilidades democráticas do mundo contemporâneo. O artigo aponta uma solução concreta para o problema. The so-called ‘Civil Rights Framework for the Internet in Brazil’ (Bill n. 2.126/2011) lays down, for the Brazilian Internet, a regime of protection of freedom of expression that is founded on the dynamics of the First Amendment to the United States’ Constitution. It places freedom of expression in a position of superiority with regard to other personality rights. This article discusses the situations of collision between freedom of expression and other personality rights, in particular the right to reputation, as a paradigm of the constitutional thinking behind the Civil Framework. In doing so, the article questions whether the Civil Framework is compatible with recent decisions of the Brazilian Supreme Court on freedom of expression, and it compares the dynamics of civil liability established by the Civil Framework with that in force in the European Union, in general, and the United Kingdom, in particular (for reasons the article identifies). Collisions between freedom of expression and the right to reputation are, in general, “hard cases”, and thus a particular focus on them is a good candidate for generalization. This article claims that the Civil Framework, in implicitly separating personality rights in distinct groups, and, in fact, in neutralizing rights such as as reputation, private life and children’s rights, creates unreasonable demarcations which are also incompatible with the democratic possibilities of contemporary societies. The article suggests a concrete solution to such a problem.
As transformações do Estado Regulador
Authors: Majone Giandomenico 
Published: February 2016

A regulação, seus modos, níveis e escopos foram sendo revistos e lapidados através do tempo e pelas circunstâncias. Este artigo discute as formas como a mesma foi pensada, gerida, praticada e implementada. Expõe as falhas, acertos, evoluções e novas abordagens da área, principalmente na Europa e nos Estados Unidos. O autor, para tanto, alude a pensamentos de estudiosos relevantes na matéria em questão, como os economistas da Escola de Chicago, e a inúmeros códigos inerentes ao processo de regulação como a Freedom of Information Act (Foia) (Lei sobre Liberdade de Informação) e a lei Interstate Commerce Act (Lei de Comércio entre Países). The regulation, its modes, levels and scopes had been reviewed and shaped through the time and circumstances. This article discusses the ways it has been thought, managed, practiced and implemented. It exposes failures, things did right, evolutions and new approaches in the area, mainly in Europe and The USA. This way, the author alludes to relevant scholar’s thoughts in the present matter, as the economists from Chicago School, inter alia, and to various rules intrinsic to the regulatory process as, for example, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and the Interstate Commerce Act.
A Evolução da Proteção do Equilíbrio Econômico-Financeiro nas Concessões de Serviçoes Públicos e nas PPPs
Authors: Aragão Alexandre Santos de 
Published: February 2016

O presente artigo trata da evolução que a proteção do equilíbrio econômico- financeiro vem sofrendo nos últimos anos, na doutrina, na praxe administrativa e no direito positivo, com foco nas concessões de serviços públicos comuns da Lei no 8.987/1995 e, paralelamente, nas concessões administrativas e patrocinadas da Lei das PPPs. This article deals with the evolution of protection of economic and financial balance in recent years in doctrine, administrative praxis, and positive law, focusing on public service concessions as regulated by Law 8.987/1995 and, at the same time, in the administrative concessions and sponsored concessions of the PPP Law.
Leituras sobre o Atual Quadro das Agências Reguladoras no Brasil. Algumas Experiências Internacionais Comparativas para o Exame da Sustentabilidade Brasileira Indicada pela Constituição Federal
Authors: Araújo Sarah Maria Linhares de , Oliveira Edson Luciani de 
Published: February 2016

As agências reguladoras e assemelhadas no Brasil recebem um tratamento que tenta sistematizar seu estudo perante a realidade nacional. Entretanto, as chamadas modernas Agências Reguladoras foram criadas para responder a problemas históricos diferentes em relação às agências estrangeiras. A ideia deste estudo é colher experiências estrangeiras e, em certa medida, confrontá-las com a realidade brasileira, uma vez que a mesma reflete situações similares em face dos países latino-americanos. Entende-se que o caráter científico do direito não será ferido, caso se faça tal comparação histórico-normativa. O papel do jurista também será cumprido com a análise da eficácia dos comandos normativos constitucionais relacionados à sustentabilidade e seus novos problemas. Regulatory agencies and similar in Brazil receive a treatment that attempts to systematize their study on the national reality. However, modern regulatory agencies were created to respond to different historical problems regarding foreign agencies. The idea of this study is to collect foreign experience and, to some extent, confront them with the Brazilian reality since it reflects similar situations facing the Latin American countries. It is understood that the scientific character of the Law will not be hurt if it makes such comparison historical norms. The role of the jurist also be fulfilled with the analysis of the effectiveness of normative constitutional commands related to sustainability and its new problems.
Regiões metropolitanas e autonomia dos municípios
Authors: Henriques Filho Tarcísio 
Published: February 2016

O artigo, apresentando os conceitos atribuídos doutrinariamente à região administrativa, discute os argumentos das Ações Diretas de Constitucionalidade números 1841-9/RJ e 796-3/ES, em que foram estruturados os precedentes que balizaram as interpretações posteriores para o tema. Criticando tais decisões, aborda a questão da autonomia constitucionalmente reconhecida aos municípios brasileiros, construindo uma nova vertente de análise para o tema. The article presents the concepts doctrinally assigned to the administrative region or area, discusses the arguments of the Actions of Constitutionality numbers 1841-9/RJ 796-3/ES, which structured the legal precedents that led to the later interpretations of the subject. Criticizing such decisions, addresses the issue of autonomy constitutionally accorded to municipalities, building a new strand of analysis for the subject.
A verdadeira mudança de paradigmas do direito administrativo brasileiro: do estilo tradicional ao novo estilo
Authors: De Mendonça José Vicente Santos 
Published: February 2016

O ensaio defende que a verdadeira mudança de paradigmas do direito administrativo não ocorreu com a ascensão, teórica e prática, de ideias como a relativização da noção de supremacia do interesse público, mas com uma mudança na abordagem metodológica e conceitual da disciplina. O novo estilo de direito administrativo é pragmatista, empiricista, assistematizador e assistemático, e cético em relação à centralidade do discurso jurídico. Após descrever os estilos, o texto relata os impactos metodológicos, pedagógicos e profissionais causados pelo novo paradigma. Ao final, o artigo adianta algumas das possíveis críticas ao novo estilo. This essay argues that the real paradigm shift in Brazilian Administrative Law did not come neither from substantive changes in core doctrinal concepts such as “public interest” nor from the widespread acceptance and use of the balancing technique into the field. Instead the real new paradigm of Brazilian Administrative Law arises out of radical recent changes in methodological and conceptual approaches to the field. New Brazilian Administrative Law is thus pragmatic, prone to the use of empirical methods, not as systemic as the old view, and skeptic to Law-based narratives of life, politics, and economics. The text describes the styles, and then summarizes methodological, pedagogical, and professional effects that arose thanks to this new view of the field. The article concludes taking on some possible critique of the new approach.
Proibição da capitalização de juros e o Poder Judiciário: equívocos na aplicação de teorias econômicas sobre juros simples e compostos
Authors: Faro Clovis de , Guerra Sérgio 
Published: February 2016

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apontar deficiências no regime de juros simples e reflexões acerca desses efeitos negativos sobre os contratos financeiros. Parte-se da premissa, contrariamente ao senso comum, de que o tomador de um empréstimo pode ter que pagar mais se houver a adoção do regime de juros simples do que pagaria no emprego do regime de juros compostos. Isso, mesmo quando se consideram a mesma taxa de juros e o mesmo prazo de aplicação. Em resumo, busca-se apontar incongruências e consequências dessas situações, especialmente comentando o debate constante da ADI nº 2.316, que contesta o art. 5º da Medida Provisória nº 2.170-36/2001. This article aims to point out the shortcomings in ordinary interests’ regime and reflections about these negative effects on financial contracts. The premise, different of the common sense, is that the borrower of a loan may have to pay more if occur the adoption of the ordinary interests system instead of the adoption of employment scheme for compound interests. This, even when considering the same interest rate and the same application deadline. In short, intend to point out inconsistencies and consequences of these situations, particularly commenting on the ongoing debate of the ADI 2.316, that contests the Article 5o of the Provisional Measure 2.170-36/2001.
Tissue Factor: A Conventional or Alternative Target in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Eisenreich Andreas , Bolbrinker Juliane , Leppert Ulrike 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Tissue factor (TF) is an evolutionary conserved glycoprotein that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer. TF is expressed in 2 naturally occurring protein isoforms, membrane-bound full-length (fl)TF and soluble alternatively spliced (as)TF. Both isoforms have been shown to affect a variety of pathophysiologically relevant functions, such as tumor-associated angiogenesis, thrombogenicity, tumor growth, and metastasis. Therefore, targeting TF either by direct inhibition or indirectly, i.e., on a posttranscriptional level, offers a novel therapeutic option for cancer treatment.

CONTENT
In this review we summarize the latest findings regarding the role of TF and its isoforms in cancer biology. Moreover, we briefly depict and discuss the therapeutic potential of direct and/or indirect inhibition of TF activity and expression for the treatment of cancer.

SUMMARY
asTF and flTF play important and often distinct roles in cancer biology, i.e., in thrombogenicity and angiogenesis, which is mediated by isoform-specific signal transduction pathways. Therefore, both TF isoforms and downstream signaling are promising novel therapeutic targets in malignant diseases.
The Role of Income Uncertainty in the Corruption–Growth Nexus
Authors: Dzhumashev Ratbek 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper analyses how corruption-induced income uncertainty affects the relationship between corruption and economic growth. The analysis reveals both the growth-enhancing and deteriorating effects of corruption that transmit through the income and productivity channels, and shows how income uncertainty caused by corruption interacts with both of these effects. In particular, it is found that an increase in bribe rates and the probability of corruption that reduces the burden of regulations generate counteracting effects on income and productivity, where both effects are further aggravated by corruption-induced income uncertainty. On the other hand, a higher burden of bribes imposed by extortive bureaucrats hampers growth unambiguously. However, in a highly corrupt environment, an increase in the incidence of extortive behaviour can be growth enhancing as it reduces income uncertainty, while if corruption levels are relatively low, then a further increase in the incidence of such behaviour deteriorates growth. These findings give us a new insight into why the overall growth effect of corruption is ambiguous.
Market Imperfections and Income Distribution
Authors: Yılmaz Ensar 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper aims to search links between market imperfections and functional income distribution. For this purpose we construct a two-sector model – wage goods and luxury goods producing sectors – incorporating imperfections of the product and labor markets under income inequality. In a structure with interdependent and partially monopolistic and competitive markets, we analytically trace up the effects of the changes in power relations proxied by the degree of mark-ups in the product and labor market. The model shows that price and wage mark-ups in two sectors have crucial income distribution implications for the agents in the economy to varying extents. It also demonstrates the effect of the existence of the differentiated consumption patterns arising from income inequality on income distribution. Furthermore, it seems that unemployment level creates externalities on wage rate and on corporate taxes of firms.
Ethanol production by Pichia stipitis immobilized on sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Yñiguez-Balderas BS , Ortiz-Muñiz B , Gómez-Rodríguez J , Gutierrez-Rivera B , Aguilar-Uscanga MG 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe search for new ethanol production technologies is due to this biofuel being a renewable and environmentally friendly option. Immobilized cell systems for ethanol production have been studied; however, the phenomenon involved in cell sorption on raw materials has been poorly explored. Therefore, this work evaluates P. stipitis immobilization on sugarcane bagasse pretreated with sulphuric acid, as well as ethanol production in batch culture. The results obtained showed that the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model explained the sorption phenomenon. The selected inoculum size for immobilization was the same as the monolayer sorption capability (1.17 gl-1). Using 1:100 g ml- 1 solid-liquid ratio, at 250 rpm, ethanol yield and productivity of 0.404 gg-1 glucose and 0.41 gl-1h-1 were obtained, respectively. The immobilized systems were stable for up to twenty-five repeated batches (36 h each). Ethanol production was increased from the first to the twenty-fifth batch (18.1 and 24.7 gl-1 ethanol). The use of complex media, such as molasses “B” or sugarcane hydrolyzates, caused an increase in process efficiency 2.4 and 1.8-fold respectively, compared with free cells systems. Biotechnological ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolyzates could be improved by the use of the immobilization cell sorption on pre-treated raw materials.
Bioethanol production from extracted olive pomace: dilute acid hydrolysis
Authors: Fernandes Maria C. , Torrado Ivone , Carvalheiro Florbela , Dores Vânia , Guerra Vera , Lourenço Pedro M. L. , Duarte Luís C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractResidues from olive oil industry such as Extracted Olive Pomace (EOP) are potential substrates for bioethanol production. In this work, enzymatic hydrolysis of EOP pretreated by dilute acid hydrolysis (DAH) was assessed, and the enzymatic hydrolysis and bioconversion were carried out both by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and pre-saccharification followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF). DAH led to a significant removal hemicellulose, but the subsequent enzymatic treatments showed that the resulting residue was still partially recalcitrant to cellulase hydrolysis. Size reduction and further treatment of EOP-DAH with an alkaline solution were also tested. Alkaline post-treatment allowed a decrease in lignin content, but had little effect on enzymatic saccharification comparing to size reduction. Hence fermentation study was performed with ground EOP-DAH. The PSSF process showed a relatively higher bioethanol fermentation yield (0.46 gg-1) when compared to the SHF process.
Online public reactions to frequency of diagnostic errors in US outpatient care
Authors: Giardina Traber Davis , Sarkar Urmimala , Gourley Gato , Modi Varsha , Meyer Ashley N.D. , Singh Hardeep 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background: Diagnostic errors pose a significant threat to patient safety but little is known about public perceptions of diagnostic errors. A study published in BMJ Quality & Safety in 2014 estimated that diagnostic errors affect at least 5% of US adults (or 12 million) per year. We sought to explore online public reactions to media reports on the reported frequency of diagnostic errors in the US adult population.

Methods: We searched the World Wide Web for any news article reporting findings from the study. We then gathered all the online comments made in response to the news articles to evaluate public reaction to the newly reported diagnostic error frequency (n=241). Two coders conducted content analyses of the comments and an experienced qualitative researcher resolved differences.

Results: Overall, there were few comments made regarding the frequency of diagnostic errors. However, in response to the media coverage, 44 commenters shared personal experiences of diagnostic errors. Additionally, commentary centered on diagnosis-related quality of care as affected by two emergent categories: (1) US health care providers (n=79; 63 commenters) and (2) US health care reform-related policies, most commonly the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and insurance/reimbursement issues (n=62; 47 commenters).

Conclusion: The public appears to have substantial concerns about the impact of the ACA and other reform initiatives on the diagnosis-related quality of care. However, policy discussions on diagnostic errors are largely absent from the current national conversation on improving quality and safety. Because outpatient diagnostic errors have emerged as a major safety concern, researchers and policymakers should consider evaluating the effects of policy and practice changes on diagnostic accuracy.
Factorial design study to access the “green” iodocyclization reaction of 2-allylphenols
Authors: Corrêa Michelle Fidelis , Ramos Barbosa Álefe Jhonatas , Sato Rie , Junqueira Luis Otávio , Politi Mário José , Rando Daniela Gonçales , dos Santos Fernandes João Paulo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIodocyclization of 2-allylphenols is a suitable method to access furans and dihydrofurans with adequate yields. Several methodologies to iodocyclization are reported in the literature; however, since some data about the conditions are conflicting, a more systematic approach is needed to define the best conditions. In this work, we performed a full 2