bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Dry Etching Method with the High Etching Rate for Patterning Cross–Linked SU–8 Thick Films
Authors: Han Jingning , Yin Zhifu , Zou Helin , Wang Wenqiang , Feng Jianbo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Photo sensitive polymer SU-8, owing to its excellent mechanical properties and dielectric properties on polymerization, is widely used in MEMS device fabrications. However, the removing, stripping or re-patterning of the cross-linked SU-8 is a difficult issue. In this paper, CF4/O2 gas mixture provided by a plasma asher equipment was used for the patterning of cross-linked SU-8 material. The RF power, the temperature of the substrate holder, chamber pressure and gas concentration were optimized for the cross-linked SU-8 etching process. When the CF4/O2 mixture contains about 5%CF4 by volume, the etching rate can be reached at 5.2 μm/min.
Joint Signal Parameter Estimation in Non–Gaussian Noise by the Method of Polynomial Maximization
Authors: Palahin Volodymyr , Juhár Jozef 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper considers the adaptation of the method of polynomial maximization for synthesis of the polynomial algorithms of joint signal parameter estimation in non-Gaussian noise. It is shown that the nonlinear processing of samples, the moment and the cumulant description of random variables in the form of cumulant coefficients of the third and higher orders can decrease the variance of joint parameters estimation as compared with the well-known results.
Regularization and numerical solution of the inverse scattering problem using shearlet frames
Authors: Kutyniok Gitta , Mehrmann Volker , Petersen Philipp C. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Regularization techniques for the numerical solution of inverse scattering problems in two space dimensions are discussed. Assuming that the boundary of a scatterer is its most prominent feature, we exploit as model the class of cartoon-like functions. Since functions in this class are asymptotically optimally sparsely approximated by shearlet frames, we consider shearlets as a means for regularization. We analyze two approaches, namely solvers for the nonlinear problem and for the linearized problem obtained by the Born approximation. As example for the first class we study the acoustic inverse scattering problem, and for the second class, the inverse scattering problem of the Schrödinger equation. Whereas our emphasis for the linearized problem is more on the theoretical side due to the standardness of associated
solvers, we provide numerical examples for the nonlinear problem that highlight the effectiveness of our algorithmic approach.
Influence of DIN EN ISO 15189 on the correctness of results in clinical virology
Authors: Späth Patricia M. , Hoffmann Dieter , Spitzenberger Folker 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
To date more than 400 medical laboratories in Germany are accredited based on DIN EN ISO 15189 (Medical laboratories – requirements for quality and competence). In Germany, a new version of the DIN EN ISO 15189 has been published in 2014. This standard includes overall criteria but no requirements specific for certain disciplines of laboratory medicine. The present study examined how technical requirements, mainly for quality assurance and analytic methods, influence the correctness of results in clinical virology. Experts from laboratories, industry, DAkkS (German Accreditation Body) and from standardization have been interviewed. The qualitative content analysis showed that fulfilling technical requirements increased the correctness of examination results and minimized the risks for patient care and safety. Furthermore, we studied how effective internal quality controls, assay-controls as well as additional controls, assure HIV-p24-antigen and anti-HBs results. Additional controls recommended by DIN EN ISO 15189 (so called “run controls”) clearly indicated inaccuracies of HIV antigen measurement that were undetected by manufacturer’s controls. Also for anti-HBs examination, such internal controls provided by the manufacturer did not guarantee correct results. Therefore, we conclude that fulfilling DIN EN ISO 15189, usually confirmed by accreditation, has a positive influence on correctness of results in clinical virology, ultimately improving patient care.
Early Engagements with the Constitutive Laws of Others: Possible Lessons from Pre-Modern Religious Law
Authors: Hirschl Ran 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Constitutional law and religious law are often portrayed as diametrically opposed domains. While there are obvious foundational differences between the two domains, the simplistic portrayal of religious law as altogether irrelevant to contemporary discussions about engagement with the laws of others provides an all-too-easy excuse for contemporary constitutional discourse to blind itself to religious law’s rich history and doctrinal innovation. Alongside other possible new horizons of interdisciplinary inquiry, religious law may provide a fertile terrain for placing contemporary debates in (comparative) constitutional law in a broader context. In particular, few authors have paid close attention to the potential value of legal concepts developed within religious law to meeting the challenge of encounters with foreign law. Even fewer have drawn analogies between the effect of extra-doctrinal factors on interpretation in the two domains. The poignant dilemmas of rejection of or interaction with foreign law yearn for thorough and prompt cross-disciplinary analysis, as their relevance to contemporary constitutional law comes to echo their historic importance in religious law. In this article, I explore elements of early engagement with the constitutive laws of others along two lines: (i) various doctrinal innovations in pre-modern religious law, particularly Jewish law, in respect to engagement with the laws of others; (ii) earthly motivations for change to religious law’s treatment of external sources and practices. I conclude by suggesting that the current liberal constitutional canon’s hostility toward religion, in particular its simplistic portrayal of religion as a monolithically “traditional,” “particularist,” “backward” and outdated domain runs the risk of throwing out the baby (religious law) with the bathwater (religion).
Synagogue and State in the Israeli Military: A Story of “Inappropriate Integration”
Authors: Carmit Yefet Karin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The encounter between synagogue and state in Israel’s military context raises a variety of complex questions that defy conventional paradigms. While religious liberty continues to occupy a special place in most liberal democratic thought, the legal and philosophical literature pondering its various dimensions has largely lost analytic sight of the fascinating intersection of military and religion. This article embarks on analyzing the appropriate integration between loyalty to God and to country, and between religious male and secular female soldiers. Evaluating examples of synagogue-state tensions and accommodationist policies, this article explores the manner and extent to which the Israeli military (IDF) responds to the observant soldier’s multiple identities as a religious minority member and a faithful citizen of the larger secular polity. Against this backdrop, the article analyzes the vexed challenges posed to multicultural theory by the equivocal status of the Orthodox community as a numerical minority but “power majority” within the military, and by the IDF’s unique exercise of multiculturalist protection, termed herein “external restrictions,” imposed on majority group members. It concludes that the ongoing “religionization” of the IDF through the 2002 “Appropriate Integration” regulation has served as a powerful counterforce to gender equality, fostering a growing practice of female exclusion through which women are disenfranchised from core, non-negotiable protections of citizenship. The article identifies as the prime casualty of this aggressive multicultural accommodation not only secular women’s hard-won equality of opportunity, but also the very rights and status of minority women within their own religious community.
A Proposal for a Flexible Trend Specification in DSGE Models
Authors: Slanicay Martin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this paper I propose a flexible trend specification for estimating DSGE models on log differences. I demonstrate this flexible trend specification on a New Keynesian DSGE model of two economies, which I consequently estimate on data from the Czech economy and the euro area, using Bayesian techniques. The advantage of the trend specification proposed is that the trend component and the cyclical component are modelled jointly in a single model. The proposed trend specification is flexible in the sense that smoothness of the trend can be easily modified by different calibration of some of the trend parameters. The results suggest that this method is capable of finding a very reasonable trend in the data. Moreover, comparison of forecast performance reveals that the proposed specification offers more reliable forecasts than the original variant of the model.
Economic Growth and Budget Constraints: EU Countries Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Zimčík Petr 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to identify the impacts of different taxes and expenditures on economic growth. The research is focused on 20 selected European Union Member States. These countries are equally divided into four groups based on their average tax burden as presented in the World Tax Index. A comparison of fiscal attributes among these groups is important for the analysis. Annual government finance data from the years 1995 to 2012 are used for an empirical study. The indicators observed are real GDP change, the composition and volume of total government expenditures, tax quotas of individual taxes and total budget balance. These indicators are used within an endogenous growth model together with capital stock and an approximation of human capital. A panel regression with fixed effects is used as an analytic tool. The main results are that an increase in social contributions, property, production and personal income tax quotas has an adverse effect on economic growth.
The Efficiency and Public Transport Accessibility of Indirect State Administration in the Czech Republic
Authors: Vrabková Iveta , Vaňková Ivana , Ivan Igor 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper examines the efficiency and public transport accessibility of indirect (devolved) state administration performed by municipalities with extended powers (hereinafter MEPs) in the Czech Republic. Our aim is to evaluate the efficiency of the revenues made by municipalities with extended powers, through performing powers delegated to them by the state administration, and those municipalities’ public transport accessibility as of 31 December, 2014. The rate of efficiency is tested on an output-oriented Free Disposable Hull model. One input variable is selected - the operating expenses of the municipal offices recalculated per inhabitant of the municipality’s administrative district - and two output variables are selected: contribution to the performance of state administration, recalculated per inhabitant of the municipality’s administrative district, and revenues from administrative fees per inhabitant of the municipality’s administrative district. The municipality’s offices’ transport accessibility is evaluated via network analysis using ArcGIS software. The article investigates the hypothesis that public administration deconcentration practices logically result in higher security costs and therefore inefficiency. The results reveal that only 66 of the country’s 205 MEPs are efficient and that operating expenses and state contributions for the performance of state administrative tasks play a significant role in these results. Efficiency is less significantly influenced by administrative fee revenues. Public transport accessibility is analyzed for two time intervals - 6:00 to 8:00 am and 1:00 to 2:00 pm - on Tuesdays. The degree of accessibility is defined using a six-point scale of accessibility. The results show that the best accessibility is in the morning hours, when the offices are accessible for 68.8% of the population aged 15+ in the Czech Republic; the worst accessibility is in the afternoon hours when only 2% of the population aged 15+ can access the offices.
Ex ante versus Ex post Governance: A Behavioral Perspective
Authors: Hoeppner Sven , Kirchner Christian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractProblems resulting from the delegation of competencies from one actor to another are at the heart of any governance discussion. While the conventional agency view strongly emphasizes that such problems can be solved ex post by monitoring and control strategies, the contract view proposes to tackle said problems ex ante through alignment of the agent’s incentives to those of the principal by, for instance, incentive contracts. In this paper, we introduce a behavioral perspective to this discussion. We will spotlight that the ex post strategies are behaviorally dysfunctional. The effect of self-serving and hindsight tendencies can hardly be overcome. Ex ante strategies, in contrast, suffer from problems of incentive design. However, proper incentive design can account for behavioral decision patterns. On this ground we argue that incentive contracting appears to be superior to monitoring approaches to solve the principal–agent conflict. To address behavioral problems in governance systems, we propose a counterintuitive shift of rule-making competencies: from public to private ordering for monitoring strategies and from private to public ordering for incentive contracting.
Factors influencing the recurrence rate of operated chronic subdural hematomas
Authors: Papacocea Toma , Adam Danil , Croitoru Raisa , Rusu Ionut , Papacocea Alexandru 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this study we are trying to establish a correlation between the surgical technique used for the treatment of chronic subdural hematomas and the risk of recurrence. Between 01.06.2008 and 31.05.2014, 123 patients with 138 chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH) were operated on and followed-up in our department. Among them, 16 hematomas (11,6%) recurred. Factors related to the patients (gender, age, location of the hematoma) are analyzed as possible predictors of recurrence. Several surgical techniques were used in the treatment of chronic subdural hematomas. Each of them is analyzed to find possibly connections with the recurrence risk of the size of the approach, the reposition of the bone flap, the suture of the dura and other aspects. There are obvious, statistically significant correlations between the risk of recurrence and some elements of the surgical technique employed.
5 years experience in epidermoid and dermoid cysts: case presentation and literature review
Authors: Popescu G. , Giovani A. , Bucur N. , Neacsu A. , Gheorghiu A. , Mara S. , Gorgan R.M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Intracranial epidermoid and dermoid cysts are the result of an embryogenesis dysfunction leading to an abnormal migration of ectodermal cells characterised by a slow and benign rate of growth which is associated with minimal neurological symptoms in large or giant tumors.
Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the case files of 17 patients with epidermoid and dermoid cysts operated using the operative microscope and neuronavigation in our department between January 2011 and December 2015.
Results: Reviewing the case files we selected fourteen patients with epidermoid cysts and 3 patients with dermoid cysts who underwent surgical resection. Most of the cysts were located infratentorial (64%) with a propensity for the CP angle (81%). Total resection was attempted in all cases but was possible in only 13 cases. All cases with subtotal resection were infratentorially located in close relation to the brainstem or cranial nerves.
Conclusion: When the tumor extension reaches beyond the limits of the surgical approach used, the tumor remnant should be addressed in a second surgery. Using the cysternal anatomy and the vessels dissection technique the risks aseptic meningitis and of injuring the cranial nerves are diminished.
Acute cerebral MCA ischemia with secondary severe head injury and acute intracerebral and subdural haematoma. Case report
Authors: Balasa D. , Tunas A. , Rusu I. , Hancu A. , Butoi G. , Gramanschi V. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Generally, according to international literature, cerebral ischemia is a secondary posttraumatic lesion produced by direct compression in the context of a cerebral herniation syndrome or indirect by vasospasm produced by posttraumatic subarachnoid, subdural or intraventricular hemorrhages. We present the case of a patient with an acute MCA ischemia with severe head injury due to a fall with subsequent intracranial acute intracerebral and subdural hematoma which evolved with acute left uncal, parahipocampal and subfalcinecerebral herniation (coma, GCS 6, left mydriasis, right severe hemiparesis). Surgical emergency aspiration of the hematomas was performed. Postoperative treatment of cerebral ischemia and residual hematomas was properly done. We consider important and underdiagnosed the association of cerebral ischemia and secondary posttraumatic brain injuries.
Abbreviations: MCA-middle cerebral artery, GCS-Glasgow Coma Scale, ICA-internal carotid artery, PCA-posterior cerebral artery, ACA-anterior cerebral artery.
Conclusion: We present a case of a patient with an acute MCA ischemia with secondary head injury due to a fall with subsequent intracranial acute intracerebral and subdural hematomas. Surgical emergency aspiration of the hematomas was performed. The treatment was performed for both lesions (cerebral ischemia and posttraumatic hematomas) with vitamins B, neurotrophycs, pain killers, antibiotics. Unfortunately, due to aggravation of the Mendelson syndrome, the patient died 7 days later.
Isolated thoracic intramedullary epidermoid cyst - a rare entity
Authors: Faheem Mohd , Zeeshan Qazi , Ojha Bal Krishna , Chandra Anil , Singh Sunil Kumar , Srivastava Chhitij , Sagar Mala , Saba Noor Us 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Intramedullary epidermoid cysts of the spinal cord are rare tumours, especially those not associated with spinal dysraphism. Around 60 cases have been reported in the literature. Of these, only 10 cases have had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Here, we report a case of isolated intramedullary epidermoid tumour at D2-D3 level. The etiology, pathology, clinical features, MRI characteristics and surgical treatment of such rare intramedullary tumours are discussed.
Integrative Approaches of Native and Foreign Scholars to Pedology in the Context of Views of the Third Millennium
Authors: Kuzminsky Anatoliy 
Published: June 2016

Abstract Problems of appearing and functioning of human study science, i.e. pedology, have been studied in the paper. Theoretical analysis of integrative approaches of native and foreign scholars to pedology in the context of views of the third millennium has been performed. Useful and positive achievements of this science as well as wrong ones determined by specific features of time and socio-political conditions, views on children upbringing have been singled out. It has been indicated that at the beginning of the 21st century authoritarian, lacking humanism, scientistic-progressivistic educational paradigm is becoming history. At the same time child-centered, personal-developmental pedagogy is being increasingly included in the teaching practice. In addition, we can clearly trace contours of humanitarian-existential approaches to upbringing problems, which is why we should understand that there is no average child and that except heredity and environment much in the development of a small person depends on upbringing efforts of parents, pedagogues, state and society. Children should not adapt to the conditions since educational-upbringing system, curricula and methods of teaching must be adapted to a child, his/her capabilities, interests and specific features. A child’s interests should be in the basis of the upbringing system. Any system of a child’s upbringing, no matter how progressive and innovative it may be, will not fulfill its mission if it is not based on deep scientific pedology. Rather perspective we consider theoretical analysis of the development of the ideas on integral study of a child in Ukrainian pedology.
Socio-Pedagogical Portrait of a Master’s Degree Student in International Arbitration: Experience of Great Britain
Authors: Nagorna Olga 
Published: June 2016

Abstract International arbitration as the efficient means of alternative dispute resolution has become, due to globalization, a highly specialised service rendered by professionals. Master’s degree program (LLM) completion enables those interested to become competent and competitive specialists in arbitration on the international arena. Great Britain has accumulated broad practical experience in organizing professional training in the field of international arbitration. Many leading British universities offer prospective students Master’s programs in this speciality, encouraging all comers, even those with the initial non-legal background. Basic competences of LLM graduates in international arbitration (systemic competences, professional instrumental competences, professional social and personal competences) have been identified and clarified on the basis of relevant sources analysis. Professionally important knowledge, abilities and skills have been generalized and explained. For instance, an international arbitration LLM graduate is obliged to possess communicative and social skills, cognitive abilities and skills in the subject area, must be competent in English law, etc.
Peculiarities of Future Social Sphere Specialists’ Professional Training in Poland
Authors: Zieba Beata 
Published: June 2016

Abstract The article reviews certain aspects of organising the process of professional training of future specialists in social sphere. It identifies, considers and analyzes the main definitions of scientific research, the object of which is to make specialists in social sphere ready for professional activity. The article highlights peculiarities of forming professionally significant personal qualities of social workers as well as their mature, objective system of values. The practical training with a focus on having the ability to apply effective creative approaches in solving social problems is identified as an important component of the comprehensive process of professional training of future specialists in social and pedagogical work. It emphasises the importance of the use of effective innovation in social and socio-educational institutions. It analyzes the problem of organizing student teaching, which includes ignoring the use of active forms and methods in the learning process, a lack of skills of professional activity. The article reveals potential opportunities for the practical activity which is most closely approximate to real professional situations as an opportunity to form a positive attitude towards oneself as a subject of the chosen professional activity and the formation of students as professionals. It forms the principles of future social sphere specialists’ training. The article also highlights the need to direct the educational process towards formation of an individual creative approach and establishment of partnerships between education and social institutions.