bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA JERMAN BERBASIS PROJEK
Authors: Santoso Iman 
Published: September 2016

AbstrakPembelajaran Bahasa Jerman Berbasis Projek. Pembelajaran bahasa jerman sebagai bahasa asing saat ini diselenggarakan di tingkat sekolah menengah atas dan perguruan tinggi. Salah satu tujuan utama pembelajaran bahasa Jerman adalah agar para pembelajar bahasa Jerman memiliki kompetensi komunikatif, yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk keterampilan berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasa Jerman secara lisan dan tulis dengan baik dan benar. Guna mencapai tujuan tersebut para pengajar harus mampu mengembangkan metode dan teknik yang tepat berdasarkan pada pendekatan komunikatif sebagai landasan filosofisnya. Kenyataan di lapangan menunjukan bahwa upaya tersebut sulit untuk dicapai, karena pembelajaran bahasa Jerman baik di SMA maupun di Perguruan Tinggi lebih didominasi dengan pembelajarn yang bersifat teacher oriented. Salah satu alternatif bentuk pembelajaran bahasa Jerman sebagai bahasa asing yang dapat mengintegrasikan berbagai aspek kebahasaan dan non-kebahasaan adalah pembelajar untuk mengkonstruksi sendiri pengetahuannya dan mengkaitkannya dengan konteks kehidupan di luar kelas, serta berkreativitas secara luas. Kata Kunci: pendekatan komunikatif, kompetensi komunikatif, pembelajaran berbasis projek AbstractGerman Language Based Project Learning. Learning German as a foreign language is currently held at the high school and college levels. One of the main objectives to be achieved by learning German language is for German language learners to have communicative competence, which is manifested in the form of communicative skill using German language in both spoken and written language properly. To achieve these objectives the teachers should be able to develop appropriate methods and techniques based on the communicative approach as the philosophical foundation. The reality on the field shows that the effort is difficult to achieve, because the German language learning both in school and at university is dominated by the learning that is teacher-oriented. One alternative form of learning German as a foreign language that can integrate various aspects of language and non-language is a project-based language learning. This form of learning also provides opportunities for learners to construct their own knowledge and to relate it to the context of life outside the classroom, and creativity at large. Keywords: communicative approach, communicative competence, project-based learning
KABA: CERITA KLASIK YANG MENGANDUNG KEKELIRUAN DENGAN TOLOK UKUR ABS-SBK
Authors: Zahari Musril 
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Kaba: Cerita Klasik Yang Mengandung Kekeliruan dengan Tolok Ukur ABS-SBK. Kajian ini menyajikan Kaba, sebuah cerita rakyat di masyarakat Minangkabau yang sudah ditulis dalam bentuk buku. Kaba biasanya disampaikan oleh seorang pencerita dengan diiringi musik sebagai pengantar. Banyak cerita kaba yang masih diakui dan dikenal keberadaannya di masyarakat Minangkabau, namun dalam kajian ini hanya disajikan dua cerita kaba: (1) Magek Manandin dan (2) Anggun Nan Tongga. Latar kedua cerita tersebut berisi larangan perjudian dengan mengikuti ketentuan ajaran Islam. Dalam Anggun Nan Tongga dikisahkan tentang syirik (menyekutukan Allah) yang dikecam dalam Islam. Kisah ini tidak dikenal baik karena bertentangan dengan filsafat hidup masyarakat Minangkabau: adat atau tradisi berdasarkan hukum Islam, hukum Islam berdasarkan Al-Quran, Hukum Islam memandu adat atau tradisi. Filosofi ini menjadi kesepakatan masyarakat Minangkabau dan dilarang diubah hingga kapan pun. Sayangnya, dalam kedua cerita Kaba ini, kisah tentang perjudian dan keyirikan dianggap sebagai sebuah kebenaran meskipun dalam beberapa ayat Al-Quran dijelaskan sebagai sebuah pelanggaran (penyimpangan). Kata Kunci: kaba, adat, syarak, Minangkabau, syirik, perjudian Abstract Kaba: Deviations of Oral Classic Story with ABS-SBK Rules. This study discusses kaba, the oral classic story in Minangkabau society that has been written as the book. The kaba is usually told by the story tellers accompanied by he music instruments. Many kabas exist in the Minangkabau community, but in this study I only discuss two kabas (1) Magek Manandin and (2) Anggun Nan Tongga. Based on both kabas, I found that the gambling forbidden by Islam as if allowable. Within Anggun Nan Tongga, there are many discourses which are syirik (do worship other than Allah) that is slammed by Islam. These discourses should have not existed because they oppose to the philosophy of life in Minangkabau: custom/tradition founded upon Islamic law, Islamic law is founded upon the Qur’an, Islamic law dictates customs/traditions. This philosophy as the agreement among Minangkabau people is forbidden to change forever. Ufortunately, in these two kabas, the discourses about the gambling and kesyirikan are regarded as if he truth even though so many verses in the Al-Quran explain about these deviations. Keywords: kaba, custom, syarak, Minangkabau, syirik, gambling
ANALISIS TOPIK DALAM WACANA DIALOG BAHASA JEPANG
Authors: Wulandri Hanum 
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Analisis Topik dalam Wacana Dialog Bahasa Jepang. Dalam analisis wacana, terdapat istlah yang dinamakan topik. Topik dapat diidentifikasi pada saat dilakukan analisis wacana dalam rangka memahami konteks yang mendukung wacana tersebut. Dalam percakapan (dialog) sehari-hari, kadang-kadang muncul dua atau lebih topik diskusi yang berbeda sumber dari topik awal peecakapan atau disebut pergesean topik. Fenomena yang menjadi fokus perhatian penelitian ini adalah topik percakapan, struktur percakapan kelompok pedagang berdasarkan topik, dan budaya yang tergambar dalam seleksi topik dan variasi bahasa yang berbeda.Kata kunci: analisis percakapan, topik, perubahan topik, nilai budaya, kesempatan berbicara Abstract Topic Analysis in Japaness Language Conversation Discourse. in the conversation analysis, there is a thing commonly called topic. Topic that can be identified when discourse analysis to understand the context of the discourse that supports it. In daily conversation, sometimes appear two or more of the topics discussed are of course different from the initial topic of conversation or also called shift the topic. The phenomenon that became the focus of this research is the topic of conversation, conversational structure in the form of markers associated with topicalitation and culture in the form of variety of a language and the selection of topics.Keywords: Conversation analysis, topic, topic exchange, cultural values and turn taking
ANALISIS KONTRASTIF KOTOWARI HYOUGEN ANTARA PEMBELAJAR BAHASA JEPANG DAN PENUTUR ASLI
Authors: Hayati Novia 
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Analisis Kontrastif Kotowari Hyougen antara Pembelajar Bahasa Jepang dan Penutur Asli. Di antara beberapa aktifitas berbahasa, tindakan menolak sering dianggap sebagai tindakan yang cukup sulit karena memberikan perasaan tidak menyenangkan terhadap lawan tutur. Tindak tutur menolak tidak terlepas dari latar belakang tindak tutur berbahasa oleh pengguna bahasa tersebut. Pembelajar yang berbahasa ibu bahasa Sunda memiliki kemiripan dengan penutur asli dalam membuat tindak tutur penolakan dikarenakan adanya kedekatan aturan undak usuk bahasa sunda dengan tainguu hyougen dalam bahasa Jepang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ungkapan penolakan yang digunakan oleh pembelajar bahasa Jepang kemudian melalui perbandingan dengan penutur asli diketahui persamaan dan perbedaanya serta permasalahan dalam ungkapan penolakan oleh pembelajar. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Discourse Completion Test (DCT). Hasil analisis data menunjukan terdapat persamaan diantara pembelajar dan penutur asli dalam pengguna {wabi} terhadap dosen akrab (penggunanya lebih rendah). Sebagai permasalahan dalam ungkapan penolakan yakni pembelajar menggunakan {fuka} dalam bentuk futsuu no hiteikei, dan {koshou} dalam frekuensi yang cukup tinggi. Sebaliknya, penutur asli menggunakan fukanoukei, dikarenakan apabila menggunakan futsuu no hiteikei akan diterima sebagai arti penolakan yang kuat/keras.Kata kunci: Kotowari hyougen, DCT, Taiguu hyougen, penutur asli, konstraktif Abstract Contrastive Analysis of Kotowari Hyougen between Learners of Japanese Language and Japanese Native Speakers. Among several speaking activities, action of refusal is often considered a difficult act as it gives an unpleasant feeling againts interlocutors. Refusal speech act cannot be separated from the background of the speech act by the user of the language. Learners whose mother tongue is Sundanese language has similarities with Japanese native speakers in making the speech act of refusal due to the proximity of the undak usuk in Sundanese with tainguu hyougen in Japanese. This study aims to determine the expressions of refusal used by Japanese learners then, through comparison with native speakers, to determine the similarities, differences and problems in the expression of rejection by the learners. The instrument used in this study is Discourse Completion Test (DCT). Form the analysis of the data it was found that there were similarities between learners and native speakers that {riyuu/iiwake}, {wabi}, {fuka} were used as the main semantic formula. There are similarities between learners whose mother tongue is Sundanese and native speakers in using language {wabi} to professors considered familiar (lower usage). The problem of expressions of refusal used by learners {fuka} in the form Futsuu fuka no hiteikei and {koshou} was in a fairly high frequency. In contrast, native speakers use fukanoukei, because using Futsuu no hiteikei will be considered as a strong/hard sense of refusal.Keywords: Kotowari hyougen, DCT, Tainguu hyougen
ADVERBIA STATIF DALAM BAHASA SUNDA: KAJIAN STRUKTUR DAN SEMANTIK
Authors: Sudaryat Yayat 
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Adverbia Statif dalam Bahasa Sunda: Kajian Struktur dan Semantik. Kajian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan adverbia statif dalam bahasa Sunda yang dikaji dari segi struktur dan semantik. Deskripsinya mencakup batasan dan karakteristik, fungsi, keterikatan, jumlah unsur, distribusi, makna, dan bentuknya. Dalam kajian ini digunakan metode deskriptif. Sumber data kajian ini berupa ragam bahasa Sunda lisan dan tulis. Untuk mengumpulkan data digunakan teknik teks, instuisi atau intropeksi, dan teknik elisitasi. Untuk mengolah data digunakan metode distribusional dengan analisis unsur langsung sebagai teknik dasar, yang diikuti teknik permutasi, subsitusi, ekspansi, dan teknik interupsi sebagai teknik lanjutan. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa (a) adverbia statif merupakan adverbia yang secara khusus dan kolokatif menerangkan adjektiva; (b) adverbia statif berfungsi sebagai pewatas belakang adjektiva; (c) adverbia statif dengan adjektiva memiliki keterikatan yang sangat erat dan berkolokatif; (d) jumlah unsur adverbia statif dan adjektiva bersifat saling melengkapi; (e) posisi adverbia statif selalu di belakang adjektiva; (f) adverbia statif memiliki makna inhern ‘sifat kesangatan (kualitas elatif )’ yang dapat di dahului kata mani ‘sangat’; dan (g) adverbia statif pada umumnya berbentuk kata tunggal (71,42%).Kata kunci: adverbia statif, adjektiva, struktur, semantik, pewatas Abstract The Study of Structure and Semantics of Stative Adverbs in Sundanese Language. This study aims to describe stative adverbs in Sundanese language studied in terms of structure and semantics. Descriptions include definition and characteristic, function, relationship, number of elements, distribution, meaning, and form. This study used a descriptive method. Data source for this study were in the forms of spoken and written language varieties. Tecniques used to collect data are text, intuition or introspection, and elicitation tecniques. To process the data, the study used distributional methods with direct factorial analysis as the basic tecnique, followed by permutation, substitution, expansion, and technical interruptions tecnique, follow-up techniques. The study concludes that (a) stative adverbs are adverb that explain adjectives speciically and collocatively; (b) stative adverbs serves as adjective limiters; (c) stative adverbs with adjectives are bound very tightly and collocated; (d) the number of elements stative adverbs and adjectives are complementary; (e) the position of stative adverbs ia always in the back of the adjectives; (f) stative adverbs have an inherent meaning of ‘excessive nature (elative quality) ‘which may be preceded by the word mani ‘very’, and (g) stative adverbs are generally inthe form of a single word (71,42%)Keywords: stative adverbs, adjective, structure, semantics, limiter
THE SECONDARY SCHOOL ENGLISH LANGUAGE READING CURRICULUM: A TEACHER’S PERCEPTIONS
Authors: Abdullah Hazlina , Abdul Rahman Nik Suryani , Mohd Adnan Airil Haimi 
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Kurikulum Membaca Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris di Skolah Menengah: Sebuah Persepsi Guru. Permasalahan yang di hadapi dalam pembelajaran membaca pemahaman tidak hanya terjadi secara khusus pada siswa di Malaysia. Secara faktual banyak siswa di dunia yang mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami bacaan. Secara faktual, terdapat beberapa siswa yang memelukan strategi pembelajaran khusus yang konkret untuk membantu memahami bacaan. Pemikiran awal yang hendak di kedepankan dalam tulisan ini adalah dengan mendefinisikan kegiatan membaca, kemudian diikuti dengan sebuah kajian mendalam berkait dengan pembelajaran bahasa komunikatif (CLT) yang diadaptasi dari bentuk 5 kurikulum membaca bahasa Inggris di Malaysia. Bagi penulis, pembaca, dan teks, membaca merupakan bentuk aktual dari sebuah proses komunikasi yang menempatkan pembaca memahami aturan-aturan secara aktif dalam sebuah proses membaca. Asumsi dasar dalam penelitian ini adalah pentingnya guru menerapkan aturan-aturan yang didasari pada tujuan belajar dalam meningkatkan kemampuan siswa membaca pemahaman. Hal ini merefleksi pentingnya kurikulum membaca yang akan diimplementasikan guru dalam pembelajaran membaca sebagai pijakan penyususnan ancangan kurikulum. Hal ini yang diharapkan kajian ini dapat memberikan manfaat termasuk dalam pengembangan kurikulum dan penyiapan ujian hanya untuk guru Malaysia tetapi juga di dunia sekitar.Kata kunci: kurikulum membaca bahasa Inggris, kemampuan membaca pemahaman AbstractThe Secondary School English Language Reading Curriculum: A teacher’s Perceptions. The problem of reading comprehension is not unique to only Malaysian graduates. In fact many students experience comprehension difficulties. This, some sudents need explicit comprehension strategy instruction. A rational starting point for this discussion is by defining what reading is. It is then followed by a brief review on Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) which is adopted in the Malaysian Form 5 English Language Reading Curriculum. Involving the writer, the reader and the text, reading is actually a communication process where a reader is seen to perform an active role in a reading process. Based on the many previous researches, it is obvious that the teacher’s role in aiding students’ reading comprehension skills is vital. This also reflects the importance of the reading curriculum, as teachers will impkement their reading instruction based on the outlined curriculum. It is hoped that this study may benefit those involved in the curriulum development and examination syndicate, to enhance the teaching and learning processes of reading in the second language, not only among teachers in Malaysia but also world-wide.Keywords: English language Reading Curriculum, reading comprehension skill
KALIMAT PENGANDAIAN BAHASA JEPANG: KAJIAN SINTAKTIS DAN SEMANTIS
Authors: Sutedi Dedi , Widianti Susi 
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persamaan dan perbedaan bentuk-bentuk pengandaian dalam BJ dari segi sintaktis dan semantis yang dipusatkan pada anak kalimat (S1) dan induk kalimatnya (S2). Hasil analisa data diketahui bahwa keempat bentuk penganadaian BJ digunakan dalam variasi konstruksi yang sama, yaitu: (a) S1-KàS2-K; (b) S1-PàS2-K, (c) S1-KàS2-P, dan S1-PàS2-K. Persaman dan perbedaan lainnya adalah (1) V-TO dan V-BA digunakan untuk menyatakan pengandaian biasa; (2) V-TARA dan V-BA bisa diikuti oleh S2 yang menyatakan kejadian di masa lampau; (3) V-NARA dapat menyatakan bahwa S1 dan S2 terjadi secara bersamaan; (4) V-TARA, V-BA, dan V-TO menyatakan urutan kejadain S1 yang disusul oleh S2 (S1àS2); (5) V-TO menyatakan urutan S1àS2 tanpa ada jeda waktu atau perantara; (6) V-TARA dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa S1 benar-benar telah terwujud; (7) V-TO tidak bisa diikuti S2 yang menyatakan perintah, permohonan, ajakan, maksud, keinginan, larangan, dan saran; dan (8) semua bentuk tersebut bisa diikuti S2 yang menyatakan kemungkinan, dugaan, atau pendapat peribadi penutur.Kata kunci: kalimat pengandaian, bentuk V-BA, bentuk V-TO, bentuk V-TARA, bentuk V-NARA Abstract This study tried to describe the similarities and the differences of Japanese conditional patterns from the perspectives of syntax and semantics. The results reveal that the four Japanese conditional patterns are used in similar variations and constructions, namely (a) S1-KàS2-K; (b) S1-PàS2-K, (c) S1-KàS2-P, and S1-PàS2-K. Other equations and differences expose several facts. (1) The patterns of V-TO and V-BA are used to declare a general conditional. (2) The patterns of V-TARA and V-BA can be followed by an S2 that states events in the past. (3) The pattern of V-NARA can express S1 and S2 events that occur simultaneously. (4) The patterns of V-TARA, V-BA, and V-TO state the order of events of S1 and S2 (S1àS2). (5) The pattern of V-TO declares a sequence of activities S1àS2 without any lag time. (6) The pattern of V-TARA can be used to declare an S1 that has actually happened. (7) The pattern of V-TO cannot be followed by S2 that state imperatives, requests, invitations, intention, desire, prohibition, and advice. (8) all four conditionals can be followed by S2 that states the possibility, prediction, or personal opinion of speakers.Keywords: Conditional Sentence, V-BA form, V-TO form, V-TARA form, V-NARA form
Benefits of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Probiotic in Experimental Periodontitis
Authors: Oliveira Luiz F.F. , Salvador Sérgio L. , Silva Pedro H.F. , Furlaneto Flávia A.C. , Figueiredo Luciene , Casarin Renato , Ervolino Edilson , Palioto Daniela B. , Souza Sérgio L.S. , Taba Mario , Novaes Arthur B. , Messora Michel R. 
Published: September 2016

Background: This study evaluates effects of topical administration of probiotic bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats.Methods: Thirty‐two rats were divided into groups C (control; without EP), EP (EP only), C‐HN019 (control+probiotic), and EP‐HN019 (EP+probiotic). On day 0 of the experiment, animals of groups EP and EP‐HN019 received cotton ligatures around mandibular first molars (MFMs). In groups C‐HN019 and EP‐HN019, 1 mL of suspensions containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019 was topically administered in the subgingival region of MFMs on days 0, 3, and 7. In groups C and EP, topical administrations were performed using a sham suspension (without probiotic). All animals were euthanized at day 14. Gingival tissue, hemimandibles, and oral biofilm were collected. Data were statistically analyzed (P <0.05).Results: Group EP presented greater bone porosity, trabecular separation, and connective tissue attachment loss (CTAL) as well as reduced bone volume than all other groups (P <0.05). In group EP‐HN019, there were greater proportions of Actinomyces and Streptococcus‐like species and lower proportions of Veillonella parvula, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Eikenella corrodens, and Prevotella intermedia‐like species than group EP. Group EP‐HN019 presented greater expressions of osteoprotegerin and β‐defensins than group EP (P <0.05). Group EP presented greater levels of interleukin‐1β and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand than group EP‐HN019 (P <0.05).Conclusion: Topical use of B. lactis HN019 promotes a protective effect against alveolar bone loss and CTALs attributable to EP in rats, modifying immunoinflammatory and microbiologic parameters.
Decisions about Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients with Advanced Kidney Disease in the US Department of Veterans Affairs, 2000–2011
Authors: Wong Susan P.Y. , Hebert Paul L. , Laundry Ryan J. , Hammond Kenric W. , Liu Chuan-Fen , Burrows Nilka R. , O’Hare Ann M. 
Published: September 2016

Background and objectives
It is not known what proportion of United States patients with advanced CKD go on to receive RRT. In other developed countries, receipt of RRT is highly age dependent and the exception rather than the rule at older ages.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a retrospective study of a national cohort of 28,568 adults who were receiving care within the US Department of Veteran Affairs and had a sustained eGFR <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2 between January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2009. We used linked administrative data from the US Renal Data System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, and Medicare to identify cohort members who received RRT during follow-up through October 1, 2011 (n=19,165). For a random 25% sample of the remaining 9403 patients, we performed an in-depth review of their VA–wide electronic medical records to determine the treatment status of their CKD.

Results
Two thirds (67.1%) of cohort members received RRT on the basis of administrative data. On the basis of the results of chart review, we estimate that an additional 7.5% (95% confidence interval, 7.2% to 7.8%) of cohort members had, in fact, received dialysis, that 10.9% (95% confidence interval, 10.6% to 11.3%) were preparing for and/or discussing dialysis but had not started dialysis at most recent follow-up, and that a decision had been made not to pursue dialysis in 14.5% (95% confidence interval, 14.1% to 14.9%). The percentage of cohort members who received or were preparing to receive RRT ranged from 96.2% (95% confidence interval, 94.4% to 97.4%) for those <45 years old to 53.3% (95% confidence interval, 50.7% to 55.9%) for those aged ≥85 years old. Results were similar after stratification by tertile of Gagne comorbidity score.

Conclusions
In this large United States cohort of patients with advanced CKD, the majority received or were preparing to receive RRT. This was true even among the oldest patients with the highest burden of comorbidity.
Characterization of delaminations in composite laminates by laser ultrasonics
Authors: Sun Guangkai , Zhou Zhenggan 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The influence of delaminations in the anisotropic carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) on laser- generated ultrasound is investigated. A 3D-finite element method is used to simulate the propagation of ultrasonic waves in CFRP with delaminations. The asymmetric properties and distortions as well as the wave reflection and attenuation at delamination interfaces are clearly shown. Measurements on CFRP specimens with circular delaminations above 2 mm in diameter are imaged by C-scans and correlated to the modeling results. The effects of ultrasound frequency, defect size and depth location are discussed. The results show that it is possible to decrease the influence of anisotropy in CFRP composites by choosing appropriate ultrasonic frequencies and controlling the laser parameters.