bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inversion of airborne geophysics over the DO-27/DO-18 kimberlites — Part 1: Potential fields
Authors: Devriese Sarah G. R. , Davis Kristofer , Oldenburg Douglas W. 
Published: March 2017

The Tli Kwi Cho (TKC) kimberlite complex contains two pipes, called DO-27 and DO-18, which were discovered during the Canadian diamond exploration rush in the 1990s. The complex has been used as a testbed for ground and airborne geophysics, and an abundance of data currently exist over the area. We have evaluated the historical and geologic background of the complex, the physical properties of interest for kimberlite exploration, and the geophysical surveys. We have carried out 3D inversion and joint interpretation of the potential field data. The magnetic data indicate high susceptibility at DO-18, and the magnetic inversion maps the horizontal extent of the pipe. DO-27 is more complicated. The northern part is highly magnetic and is contaminated with remanent magnetization; other parts of DO-27 have a low susceptibility. Low densities, obtained from the gravity and gravity gradiometry data, map the horizontal extents of DO-27 and DO-18. We combine the 3D density contrast and susceptibility models into a single geologic model that identifies three distinct kimberlite rock units that agree with drilling data. In further research, our density and magnetic susceptibility models are combined with information from electromagnetic data to provide a multigeophysical interpretation of the TKC kimberlite complex.
Predicting suicidal behaviours using clinical instruments: Systematic review and meta-analysis of positive predictive values for risk scales
Authors: Carter Gregory , Milner Allison , McGill Katie , Pirkis Jane , Kapur Nav , Spittal Matthew J. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundPrediction of suicidal behaviour is an aspirational goal for clinicians and policy makers; with patients classified as ‘high risk’ to be preferentially allocated treatment. Clinical usefulness requires an adequate positive predictive value (PPV).AimsTo identify studies of predictive instruments and to calculate PPV estimates for suicidal behaviours.MethodA systematic review identified studies of predictive instruments. A series of meta-analyses produced pooled estimates of PPV for suicidal behaviours.ResultsFor all scales combined, the pooled PPVs were: suicide 5.5% (95% CI 3.9–7.9%), self-harm 26.3% (95% CI 21.8–31.3%) and self-harm plus suicide 35.9% (95% CI 25.8–47.4%). Subanalyses on self-harm found pooled PPVs of 16.1% (95% CI 11.3–22.3%) for high-quality studies, 32.5% (95% CI 26.1–39.6%) for hospital-treated self-harm and 26.8% (95% CI 19.5–35.6%) for psychiatric in-patients.ConclusionsNo ‘high-risk’ classification was clinically useful. Prevalence imposes a ceiling on PPV. Treatment should reduce exposure to modifiable risk factors and offer effective interventions for selected subpopulations and unselected clinical populations.
Predictive accuracy of risk scales following self-harm: Multicentre, prospective cohort study
Authors: Quinlivan Leah , Cooper Jayne , Meehan Declan , Longson Damien , Potokar John , Hulme Tom , Marsden Jennifer , Brand Fiona , Lange Kezia , Riseborough Elena , Page Lisa , Metcalfe Chris , Davies Linda , O'Connor Rory , Hawton Keith , Gunnell David , Kapur Nav 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundScales are widely used in psychiatric assessments following self-harm. Robust evidence for their diagnostic use is lacking.AimsTo evaluate the performance of risk scales (Manchester Self-Harm Rule, ReACT Self-Harm Rule, SAD PERSONS scale, Modified SAD PERSONS scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale); and patient and clinician estimates of risk in identifying patients who repeat self-harm within 6 months.MethodA multisite prospective cohort study was conducted of adults aged 18 years and over referred to liaison psychiatry services following self-harm. Scalea prioricut-offs were evaluated using diagnostic accuracy statistics. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to determine optimal cut-offs and compare global accuracy.ResultsIn total, 483 episodes of self-harm were included in the study. The episode-based 6-month repetition rate was 30% (n= 145). Sensitivity ranged from 1% (95% CI 0–5) for the SAD PERSONS scale, to 97% (95% CI 93–99) for the Manchester Self-Harm Rule. Positive predictive values ranged from 13% (95% CI 2–47) for the Modified SAD PERSONS Scale to 47% (95% CI 41–53) for the clinician assessment of risk. The AUC ranged from 0.55 (95% CI 0.50–0.61) for the SAD PERSONS scale to 0.74 (95% CI 0.69–0.79) for the clinician global scale. The remaining scales performed significantly worse than clinician and patient estimates of risk (P< 0.001).ConclusionsRisk scales following self-harm have limited clinical utility and may waste valuable resources. Most scales performed no better than clinician or patient ratings of risk. Some performed considerably worse. Positive predictive values were modest. In line with national guidelines, risk scales should not be used to determine patient management or predict self-harm.
Primary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Resource-Stratified Guideline
Authors: Arrossi Silvina , Temin Sarah , Garland Suzanne , Eckert Linda O’Neal , Bhatla Neerja , Castellsagué Xavier , Alkaff Sharifa Ezat , Felder Tamika , Hammouda Doudja , Konno Ryo , Lopes Gilberto , Mugisha Emmanuel , Murillo Rául , Scarinci Isabel C. , Stanley Margaret , Tsu Vivien , Wheeler Cosette M. , Adewole Isaac Folorunso , de Sanjosé Silvia 
Published: March 2017

Purpose To provide resource-stratified (four tiers), evidence-based recommendations on the primary prevention of cervical cancer globally. Methods The American Society of Clinical Oncology convened a multidisciplinary, multinational panel of oncology, obstetrics/gynecology, public health, cancer control, epidemiology/biostatistics, health economics, behavioral/implementation science, and patient advocacy experts. The Expert Panel reviewed existing guidelines and conducted a modified ADAPTE process and a formal consensus-based process with additional experts (consensus ratings group) for one round of formal ratings. Results Existing sets of guidelines from five guideline developers were identified and reviewed; adapted recommendations formed the evidence base. Five systematic reviews, along with cost-effectiveness analyses, provided evidence to inform the formal consensus process, which resulted in agreement of ≥ 75%. Recommendations In all resource settings, two doses of human papillomavirus vaccine are recommended for girls age 9 to 14 years, with an interval of at least 6 months and possibly up to 12 to 15 months. Individuals with HIV positivity should receive three doses. Maximal and enhanced settings: if girls are age ≥ 15 years and received their first dose before age 15 years, they may complete the series; if no doses were received before age 15 years, three doses should be administered; in both scenarios, vaccination may be through age 26 years. Limited and basic settings: if sufficient resources remain after vaccinating girls age 9 to 14 years, girls who received one dose may receive additional doses between age 15 and 26 years. Maximal, enhanced, and limited settings: if ≥ 50% coverage in the priority female target population, sufficient resources, and cost effectiveness, boys may be vaccinated to prevent other noncervical human papillomavirus–related cancers and diseases. Basic settings: vaccinating boys is not recommended. It is the view of the American Society of Clinical Oncology that health care providers and health care system decision makers should be guided by the recommendations for the highest stratum of resources available. The guideline is intended to complement but not replace local guidelines.
Protein kinase A regulates the Ras, Rap1 and TORC2 pathways in response to the chemoattractant cAMP in Dictyostelium
Authors: Scavello Margarethakay , Petlick Alexandra R. , Ramesh Ramya , Thompson Valery F. , Lotfi Pouya , Charest Pascale G. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Efficient directed migration requires tight regulation of chemoattractant signal transduction pathways in both space and time, but the mechanisms involved in such regulation are not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of protein kinase A (PKA) in controlling signaling of the chemoattractant cAMP in Dictyostelium discoideum. We found that cells lacking PKA display severe chemotaxis defects, including impaired directional sensing. Although PKA is an important regulator of developmental gene expression, including the cAMP receptor cAR1, our studies using exogenously expressed cAR1 in cells lacking PKA, cells lacking adenylyl cyclase A (ACA) and cells treated with the PKA-selective pharmacological inhibitor H89, suggest that PKA controls chemoattractant signal transduction, in part, through the regulation of RasG, Rap1 and TORC2. As these pathways control the ACA-mediated production of intracellular cAMP, they lie upstream of PKA in this chemoattractant signaling network. Consequently, we propose that the PKA-mediated regulation of the upstream RasG, Rap1 and TORC2 signaling pathways is part of a negative feedback mechanism controlling chemoattractant signal transduction during Dictyostelium chemotaxis.
Distinct focal adhesion protein modules control different aspects of mechanotransduction
Authors: Stutchbury Ben , Atherton Paul , Tsang Ricky , Wang De-Yao , Ballestrem Christoph 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Focal adhesions (FAs) are macromolecular complexes that regulate cell adhesion and mechanotransduction. By performing fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence loss after photoactivation (FLAP) experiments, we found that the mobility of core FA proteins correlates with their function. Structural proteins such as tensin, talin and vinculin are significantly less mobile in FAs than signaling proteins such as FAK (also known as PTK2) and paxillin. The mobilities of the structural proteins are directly influenced by substrate stiffness, suggesting that they are involved in sensing the rigidity of the extracellular environment. The turnover rates of FAK and paxillin, as well as kindlin2 (also known as FERMT2), are not influenced by substrate stiffness. By using specific Src and FAK inhibitors, we reveal that force-sensing by vinculin occurs independently of FAK and paxillin phosphorylation. However, their phosphorylation is required for downstream Rac1-driven cellular processes, such as protrusion and cell migration. Overall, we show that the FA is composed of different functional modules that separately control mechanosensing and the cellular mechano-response.
New insights into autophagosome–lysosome fusion
Authors: Nakamura Shuhei , Yoshimori Tamotsu 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a highly conserved intracellular degradation system that is essential for homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. Due to the wide variety of the cytoplasmic targets of autophagy, its dysregulation is associated with many diseases in humans, such as neurodegenerative diseases, heart disease and cancer. During autophagy, cytoplasmic materials are sequestered by the autophagosome – a double-membraned structure – and transported to the lysosome for digestion. The specific stages of autophagy are induction, formation of the isolation membrane (phagophore), formation and maturation of the autophagosome and, finally, fusion with a late endosome or lysosome. Although there are significant insights into each of these steps, the mechanisms of autophagosome–lysosome fusion are least understood, although there have been several recent advances. In this Commentary, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding autophagosome–lysosome fusion, focusing on mammals, and discuss the remaining questions and future directions of the field.
Functional assessment of the NMDA receptor variant GluN2AR586K
Authors: Marwick Katie F.M. , Parker Peter , Skehel Paul , Hardingham Giles , Wyllie David J.A. 
Published: March 2017

Background: The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is an ionotropic glutamate receptor that has important roles in synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission, and synaptic plasticity. Recently, a large number of rare genetic variants have been found in NMDAR subunits in people with neurodevelopmental disorders, and also in healthy individuals. One such is the GluN2AR586K variant, found in a person with intellectual disability. Identifying the functional consequences, if any, of such variants allows their potential contribution to pathogenesis to be assessed. Here, we assessed the effect of the GluN2AR586K variant on NMDAR pore properties. Methods: We expressed recombinant NMDARs with and without the GluN2AR586K variant in Xenopus laevis oocytes and in primary cultured mouse neurons, and made electrophysiological recordings assessing Mg2+ block, single-channel conductance, mean open time and current density. Results: The GluN2AR586K variant was not found to influence any of the properties assessed. Conclusions: Our findings suggest it is unlikely that the GluN2AR586K variant contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorder.
Life-Cycle Assessment for the Cradle-to-Gate Production of Softwood Lumber in the Pacific Northwest and Southeast Regions*
Authors: Milota Michael , Puettmann Maureen E. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A cradle-to-gate life-cycle inventory was done for 2 by 4 to 2 by 12 dimension lumber produced from logs in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) and Southeast (SE) regions of the United States. Seven mills in the PNW and 11 mills in the SE provided data for 2012 lumber and coproduct production, raw material and fuel use, electricity consumption, and on-site emissions. The mills represented 17 and 11 percent of the production volumes in the regions, respectively. Five processes existed within the mill, log yard, sawing, drying, planing, and energy generation. Data for the first four processes came exclusively from the survey. The functional unit was 1 m3 of planed dry wood. Data for energy generation were based on a nationwide wood boiler survey that included PNW lumber mills. The cradle-to-gate processing energy in the PNW region was 3,434 MJ/m3 of planed, dry lumber, 96 percent of which is owing to log transport and wood processing. The value was higher, 5,151 MJ/m3, for the SE region in part owing to a higher initial wood moisture content. In each region, more than 70 percent of the energy is from bio-based residuals with less than 30 percent from fossil sources. The global warming impact indicator is 58.7 kg CO2 eq per m3 in the PNW and 81.4 kg CO2 eq per m3 in the SE, of which 85 percent is a result of log transport and processing. Planed, dry lumber from the PNW region stores 856 kg CO2 eq per m3 compared with 935 kg CO2 eq per m3 for lumber from the SE region. The coproducts, emissions, and material and energy inputs are further discussed in this article.
The voice of eloquence in Kenneth Burke’s rhetoric and its implications for advertising performance
Authors: Hill Joshua 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Kenneth Burke’s idea of ‘eloquence’ provides a useful theory for understanding the various possible impacts of voice in advertising and branding. Burkeian ‘eloquence’ is defined as the right choice and arrangement of linguistic details that best meet the formal requirements emerging in a particular culture and society from the underlying forms common to all people through our common physical, psychological, and linguistic nature as humans. Here, this theory is explained and distilled into a spectrum that stretches between textual/vocal products that centre on a rational symbolsystem and textual/vocal products that meet human metabiologic demands for eloquent form leading to moments of aesthetic transcendence. Applied to the practice of advertising and branding, this paradigm of performative impact implies that products at the beginning of their life cycles would be best paired with the rational pole of symbol-centric persuasive messages while established products and brands would be best paired with the opposite pole of transcendent vocal and stylistic performance, eschewing rational messages for the maintenance of brand aura through aesthetic form. Also discussed are the ethics of using for capitalistic purposes our human bent towards the ‘beauty and joy’ of transcendent language.
Adjusting the Premium Relativities in a Bonus-Malus System: An Integrated Approach Using the First Claim Time and the Number of Claims
Authors: Mahmoudvand Rahim , Tan Chong It , Abbasi Narges 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an integrated approach to adjust the premium relativities in a bonus-malus system by using the information of the first claim time (expressed in terms of sub-period in a year) and the number of claims reported by individual policyholder. We provide a formal representation for the newly proposed structure and derive the analytical expressions for the adjusted premium relativities. Other things being equal, a lower adjusted premium relativity is imposed for an earlier sub-period of the first claim made, whereas policyholders with more claims are subject to a higher adjusted premium relativity.
Jerusalem Artichoke as a Means of Fields Conservation
Authors: Starovoytov Victor , Starovoytova Oksana , Aldoshin Nikolay , Manohina Alexandra 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In Russia, the cultivated fields represent a major issue. According to various estimates, they occupy 20-40 million hectares. Of course, this is a great reserve for the development of agriculture and, if necessary, production of in-demand crops. However, if the fields are not used for a long term, they become gradually overgrown with weeds during quarantine: ragweed, hogweed, shrubs and trees. Subsequent introduction of these fields in turnover requires multiple treatments of the soil and the use of potent herbicides due to the high cost of the uprooting of trees. Based on the decisions of the Russian Federation on land conservation, the land management project defining the terms of land conservation, prevention of land degradation, restoring of soil fertility and bringing of life to contaminated areas as well as the order of how these activities should be carried out and their cost and suggestions for land use after the completion of the mentioned processes was developed. However, the technology of land conservation is yet to be developed.
State Ownership of Land in Uzbekistan – an Impediment to Further Agricultural Growth?
Authors: Melnikovová Lea , Havrland Bohumil 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe present paper aims to demonstrate how the state land ownership affects development of agricultural sector in Uzbekistan, and what are its strengths and weaknesses. It highlights the importance of secure land right regardless of ownership. Land in Uzbekistan is state-owned; the exclusive state ownership of land was first incorporated in the 1992 Constitution. The official rationale was to ensure food security and social stability; another concern was the state-run irrigation system, operation of which would be hampered in the event of land privatization.Farming entities in Uzbekistan possess different rights to land: from long-life inheritable rights of the dehkans (small-scale household farms) to rights limited by 30 to 50 years and defined by lease contracts of the private farmers. The latter are monitored by the state and are subject to state interventions; in the first place they have to carry the burden of state quotas for cotton and wheat and they are obliged to sell these crops for state-dictated prices. Dehkans provide a major part of livestock production and they can, unlike private farmers, sell all their production at market prices.Land tenure rights in Uzbekistan lack certain qualities that would make land tenure rights meaningful. The duration of land rights is sufficient, however they do not assure the holders that rights will be recognized and enforced at low costs and do not provide them with mechanisms allowing adjustment under changing conditions.The authors conclude that the insufficient land tenure security, which is further undermined by state interventions, poses a significant barrier impeding development in the agricultural sector. The paper identifies opportunities for change arising from the gradual strengthening of market principles.
Modelling Irrigation Water Requirements at Physiological Growth Stages of Okra Life Cycle Using CROPWAT Model for Derived Savannah and Humid Forest Zones of Nigeria
Authors: Aliku OrevaOghene , Oshunsanya Suarau Odutola 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAccurate quantification of irrigation water requirement at different physiological growth stages of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) life cycle is important to prevent over or under irrigation. Field experiments were therefore initiated to model okra irrigation water requirements at the four physiological growth stages of okra life cycle using CROPWAT model. Derived savannah 1 (DS1), derived savannah 2 (DS2) and humid forest (HF) occupying 493.36 ha, 69.83 ha and 305.25 ha respectively were used. Some selected soil physical properties coupled with weather parameters were used to develop irrigation water requirements for okra crop. In DS1, the estimated crop co-efficient (Kc) values were 0.30, 0.52, 0.84 and 0.70 for the germination, crop growth, flowering and fruiting stages, respectively. Corresponding Kcvalues in DS2 were 0.30, 0.54, 0.90 and 0.84 and in the HF were 0.30, 0.56, 0.87 and 0.86 respectively. Daily crop evapo-transpiration values ranged from 1.16 to 3.36, 1.17 to 3.64, and 1.2 to 3.38 mm day-1for DS1, DS2 and HF respectively with significant (p = 0.05) peak at the flowering stage for the three locations. Sustainable okra cultivation would require maximum daily irrigation water at flowering stage (reproductive phase) to meet the crop physiological needs and evapo-transpiration demand of the atmosphere.
Climate Variability and Livestock Production in Nigeria: Lessons for Sustainable Livestock Production
Authors: Rekwot Grace Zibah , Ugo Anosike Francis , Engo Oke-Egbodo Brenda 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The study examined the relationship between climate variability and livestock production and the lessons that can be drawn for achieving sustainable livestock production in Nigeria. The study employed time series data on annual rainfall and livestock production given by index of the aggregate livestock production over the period of 1970 to 2008. The data were obtained from various publications of the Central Bank of Nigeria and the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. The data were analyzed through the instrumentality of econometric tools such as Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, Vector auto regression (VAR) lag order selection test and Pairwise granger causality. The results of the data analysis revealed the existence of unidirectional causality from climate variability to livestock production in Nigeria and this implies that climate variability has been significant in influencing livestock production over the period under study. Based on the foregoing, it is recommended as a matter of urgency that government should continually sensitize farmers on the challenges of climate change and feasible adaptation measures that they can adhere to in order to avert the detrimental effects of climate change on sustainable livestock production. In other words, implementation of the policy thrust on climate smart agriculture should be pursued vigorously.