bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
k-Extendibility of high-dimensional bipartite quantum states
Authors: Lancien Cécilia 
Published: July 2016

The idea of detecting the entanglement of a given bipartite state by searching for symmetric extensions of this state was first proposed by Doherty et al. The complete family of separability tests it generates, often referred to as the hierarchy of [Formula: see text]-extendibility tests, has already proved to be most promising. The goal of this paper is to try and quantify the efficiency of this separability criterion in typical scenarios. For that, we essentially take two approaches. First, we compute the average width of the set of [Formula: see text]-extendible states, in order to see how it scales with the one of separable states. And second, we characterize when random-induced states are, depending on the ancilla dimension, with high probability violating or not the [Formula: see text]-extendibility test, and compare the obtained result with the corresponding one for entanglement vs separability. The main results can be precisely phrased as follows: on [Formula: see text], when [Formula: see text] grows, the average width of the set of [Formula: see text]-extendible states is equivalent to [Formula: see text], while random states obtained as partial traces over an environment [Formula: see text] of uniformly distributed pure states are violating the [Formula: see text]-extendibility test with probability going to [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text]. Both statements converge to the conclusion that, if [Formula: see text] is fixed, [Formula: see text]-extendibility is asymptotically a weak approximation of separability, even though any of the other well-studied separability relaxations is outperformed by [Formula: see text]-extendibility as soon as [Formula: see text] is above a certain (dimension independent) value.
Bentonite re-saturation: different conceptual models – similar mathematical descriptions
Authors: Kröhn Klaus-Peter 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Thermohydromechanically (THM) coupled models based on two-phase flow formulations for the hydraulics are presently the most established tools for simulating bentonite re-saturation. Alternatively, the extended vapour diffusion (EVD) model, involving basically diffusion of water vapour and of hydrated water, has been developed specifically for this purpose. These two model concepts are obviously based on entirely different hydraulic processes.
However, applying some acceptable simplifications to the underlying mathematical models leads to an identical formulation for the two approaches that looks formally like Fick's second law with a saturation-dependent ‘diffusion coefficient’. Concerning the hydraulics, the THM codes hence state a mathematical problem that is similar to the one resulting from the EVD model.
A subsequent quantitative comparison of the two hydraulic approaches requires only the respective diffusion coefficients to be compared. This has been done on the basis of benchmark calculations for two different water-uptake tests with compacted MX-80 at largely the same conditions. Even for variations in temperature and dry density, the resulting diffusion coefficients for the two approaches showed remarkable agreement.
Different physical models have thus led to a similar mathematical problem. The mathematics indicates a diffusion-like process, although the exact nature of this process still remains to be determined.
Association between anti-apolipoprotein A-1 antibodies and cardiovascular disease in the general population
Authors: Marques-Vidal Pedro , Virzi Julien , Pagano Sabrina , Satta Nathalie , Bastardot François , Hartley Oliver , Montecucco Fabrizio , Mach François , Waeber Gerard , Antiochos Panagiotis , Vollenweider Peter , Vuilleumier Nicolas 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe aimed to determine the association between autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A-1 (anti-apoA-1 IgG) and prevalent cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) as well as markers of CV risk in the general population. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 6649 subjects (age 52.6 ± 10.7 years, 47.4 % male) of the population-based CoLaus study. CVD was defined as myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, percutaneous revascularisation or bypass grafting for ischaemic heart disease stroke or transient ischaemic attack, and was assessed according to standardised medical records. Anti-apoA-1 IgG and biological markers were measured by ELISA and conventional automated techniques, respectively. Prevalence of high anti-apoA-1 IgG levels in the general population was 19.9 %. Presence of anti-apoA-1 IgG was significantly associated with CVD [odds ratio 1.34, 95 % confidence interval (1.05–1.70), p=0.018], independently of established CV risk factors (CVRFs) including age, sex, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, low and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The n=455 (6.8 %) study participants with a history of CVD (secondary prevention subgroup) presented higher median anti-ApoA-1 IgG values compared with subjects without CVD (p=0.029). Among patients in the secondary prevention subgroup, those with positive anti-apoA-1 IgG levels had lower HDL (p=0.002) and magnesium (p=0.001) levels, but increased uric acid and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (p=0.022, and p<0.001, respectively) compared to patients with negative anti-apoA-1 IgG levels. In conclusion, anti-apoA-1 IgG levels are independently associated with CVD in the general population and also related to CV biomarkers in secondary prevention. These findings indicate that anti-apoA-1 IgG may represent a novel CVRF and need further study in prospective cohorts.
The prowess of platelets in immunity and inflammation
Authors: Koenen Rory R. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryPlatelets not only serve as essential haemostatic cells, they also have important roles in immune defence and inflammation. Despite not having a nucleus, platelets contain physiologically relevant amounts of RNA, which can be spliced and translated into functional proteins. In addition, platelets have the ability to bind to numerous other cells, such as leukocytes and vascular cells. During those interactions, platelets can modulate cellular responses, resulting in e. g. inflammatory activation or apoptosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that platelets can influence the outcomes of bacterial and viral infection, as well as the extent of tissue injury after ischaemia. Platelets also carry considerable amounts of cytokines and growth factors in their secretory granules, preformed for rapid secretion. Those properties in combination with the sheer amount of platelets circulating in the blood stream make them an important force in the immune response during health and disease. In this overview, recent findings concerning those interesting properties of platelets beyond haemostasis are discussed.
Pregnancy outcome in patients exposed to direct oral anticoagulants - and the challenge of event reporting
Authors: Michalski Franziska , Tittl Luise , Middeldorp Saskia , Cohen Hannah , Kadir Rezan Abdul , Arachchillage Deepa Jayakody , Arya Roopen , Ay Cihan , Marten Sandra , Beyer-Westendorf Jan 
Published: July 2016

SummaryToday, direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are widely used alternatives to Vitamin-K antagonists (VKA). Women of reproductive age may become pregnant during anticoagulation and, while VKA carry an embryotoxic potential, the risk of DOAC embryopathy is unknown. As a result, some patients elect to terminate pregnancy for fear of DOAC embryotoxicity. To assess the risk of DOAC embryopathy, we reviewed cases of DOAC exposure in pregnancy collected from physicians, literature and pharmacovigilance systems of drug authorities and manufacturers. A total of 357 reports including duplicates were available from which 233 unique cases could be identified. Information on pregnancy outcome was available in only 137/233 cases (58.8 %): 67 live births (48.9 %); 31 miscarriages (22.6 %); 39 elective pregnancy terminations (28.5 %). In 93 cases (39.9 %) no outcome data were available (including 3 cases of ongoing pregnancy). Of the 137 pregnancies with reported outcomes, seven showed abnormalities (5.1 %) of which three (2.2 %) could potentially be interpreted as embryopathy: live birth with facial dysmorphism; miscarriage in week 10 with limb abnormality; elective pregnancy termination due to a foetal cardiac defect in a woman who had to terminate a previous pregnancy due to Fallot tetralogy. Within its limitations (small numbers, incomplete outcome data) our results do not indicate that DOAC exposure in pregnancy carries a high risk of embryopathy or that DOAC exposure per se should be used to direct patient counselling towards pregnancy termination. Pregnancy outcome data are inconsistently captured in pharmacovigilance databases indicating the strong need for a more robust system of reporting.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Identification of the Mtus1 Splice Variant as a Novel Inhibitory Factor Against Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Ito Shin , Asakura Masanori , Liao Yulin , Min Kyung‐Duk , Takahashi Ayako , Shindo Kazuhiro , Yamazaki Satoru , Tsukamoto Osamu , Asanuma Hiroshi , Mogi Masaki , Horiuchi Masatsugu , Asano Yoshihiro , Sanada Shoji , Minamino Tetsuo , Takashima Seiji , Mochizuki Naoki , Kitakaze Masafumi 
Published: July 2016

Background

In cardiac hypertrophy and failure, there is a widespread alteration in
mRNA
splicing, but the role of splice variants in cardiac hypertrophy has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we used an exon array to identify novel splice variants associated with cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods and Results

We performed genome‐wide exon array analysis and developed a splicing profile in murine hearts with hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction for 8 weeks. Following global analysis of splice variants using the Mouse Exon 1.0
ST
Array, we identified 46 spliced genes and narrowed our focus to 1 gene, mitochondrial tumor suppressor 1 (
Mtus1
), whose splice variants were registered in the
NCBI
RefSeq database. Notably, one of the splice variants
Mtus1A
was specifically upregulated, although the total expression of the
Mtus1
gene remained unchanged. We showed that Mtus1A was localized in the mitochondria, and its expression level increased with the degree of cardiac hypertrophy. In cultured cardiomyocytes, Mtus1A overexpression reduced phenylephrine‐induced reactive oxygen species production and consequent
ERK
phosphorylation, resulting in a decrease in both cell size and protein synthesis. In vivo, cardiac‐specific Mtus1A transgenic mice showed left ventricle wall thinning and a reduced hypertrophic response to pressure overload and phenylephrine treatment.

Conclusions

We found that
Mtus1
is specifically spliced in hypertrophic hearts and that the Mtus1A variant has an inhibitory effect on cardiac hypertrophy. Mtus1A is, therefore, a possible diagnostic and therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
Cardamine kuankuoshuiense (Brassicaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China
Authors: AN MING-TAI , LIN YUN , YU LI-FEI , YANG YAN-BIN , CHENG GUANG-PING , LI JI-QIANG 
Published: July 2016

A new species of the genus Cardamine Linn.(Brassicaceae), Cardamine kuankuoshuiense M. T. An, Yun Lin & Y. B. Yang is described, illustrated and photographed from Suiyang County, Guizhou Province, SW China. This species was found growing on damp precipice or between moist rock crevices in evergreen broad-leaved forests or mixed needle-leaved and evergreen broad-leaved forests in carst mountains at altitudes of 1400–1430 m. The new species is related to both Cardamine griffithii J. D. Hook. & Thomson and Cardamine multijuga Franch., but differs from both of them by herbs 15–25 cm tall, scapose, with a few stolons, stems terete, cauline leaves absent.
Kwestia narodu bułgarskiego i ,,bułgarskiej duszy” w świetle ,,nauki” Petyra Dynowa o ewolucji, rasie i ludzkim postępie
Authors: Ciesielska Ida 
Published: July 2016

The issue of the Bulgarian nation and “Bulgarian soul” in the light of Peter Deunov’s teachings of evolution, race and human progressThe aim of this article is to reflect on the categories of the Bulgarian nation as well as the “Bulgarian soul” in the teachings of Peter Deunov. These categories are presented in the context of such notions as evolution, race and human progress. The paper also attempts to denote the transfer of certain Western ideas and the nature of their reception in Bulgaria. Two collections of homilies by Beinsa Douno have been subjected to thorough analysis – The Bulgarian soul (Българската душа) and Bulgarians (Българите). These texts constitute a synthesis of dispersed ideas and views that were espoused by Deunov over different periods of time, and which pertain to the issues in question.The concepts of the Bulgarian nation and “Bulgarian soul” that appear in Beinsa Douno’s teachings may be interpreted as an attempt to create an original hermetic national mythology. Its embedment in a scientific context (reference to such notions as race, evolution and human progress) was supposed to render it – according to Deunov’s intention – undeniable truth rooted in empiricism. Kwestia narodu bułgarskiego i ,,bułgarskiej duszy” w świetle ,,nauki” Petyra Dynowa o ewolucji, rasie i ludzkim postępieCelem niniejszego artykułu jest refleksja nad kategorią narodu bułgarskiego i ,,bułgarskiej duszy” w ,,nauce” Petyra Dynowa. Kategorie te zostaną przedstawione w perspektywie takich pojęć jak ewolucja, rasa i postęp. Tekst jest jednocześnie próbą wskazania na przepływ niektórych zachodnich idei oraz specyfikę ich bułgarskiej recepcji. Analizie zostały poddane dwa zbiory homilii Beinsa Duno – Bułgarska dusza (Българската душа) oraz Bułgarzy (Българите). Teksty te stanowią syntezę rozproszonych i wygłaszanych w różnym okresie poglądów Dynowa na interesujące mnie kwestie. Pojawiające się w ,,nauce” Beinsa Duno koncepcje narodu bułgarskiego i ,,bułgarskiej duszy” można interpretować jako próbę stworzenia oryginalnej hermetycznej mitologii narodowej. Mitologia ta, dzięki osadzeniu jej w kontekście naukowym (odwołania do takich kategorii jak rasa, ewolucja i postęp), miała stać się – zgodnie z zamysłem Dynowa – niepodważalną, zakorzenioną w empirii prawdą.
Met Office Unified Model Tropical Cyclone Performance Following Major Changes to the Initialization Scheme and a Model Upgrade
Authors: Heming Julian T. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The Met Office has used various schemes to initialize tropical cyclones (TCs) in its numerical weather prediction models since the 1980s. The scheme introduced in 1994 was particularly successful in reducing track forecast errors in the model. Following modifications in 2007 the scheme was still beneficial, although to a lesser degree than before. In 2012 a new trial was conducted that showed that the scheme now had a detrimental impact on TC track forecasts. As a consequence of this, the scheme was switched off. The Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) underwent a major upgrade in 2014 including a new dynamical core, changes to the model physics, an increase in horizontal resolution, and changes to satellite data usage. An evaluation of the impact of this change on TC forecasts found a positive impact both on track and particularly intensity forecasts. Following implementation of the new model formulation in 2014, a new scheme for initialization of TCs in the MetUM was developed that involved the assimilation of central pressure estimates from TC warning centers. A trial showed that this had a positive impact on both track and intensity predictions from the model. Operational results from the MetUM in 2014 and 2015 showed that the combined impact of the model upgrade and new TC initialization scheme was a dramatic cut in both TC track forecast errors and intensity forecast bias.
Communicating With Dying Patients and Their Families: Multimedia Training in End-of-Life Care
Authors: Chappell Phylliss M. , Healy Jennifer , Lee Shuko , Medellin Glen , Sanchez-Reilly Sandra 
Published: July 2016

Background: The need for end-of-life (EOL), high-impact education initiatives to prepare medical students to communicate with dying patients and their families and to cope with issues of death and dying, is well recognized. Methods: Third-year medical students (n = 224), during their ambulatory rotation, completed a multimedia EOL curriculum, which included pre-/posttests, an online case-based module, didactic presentation, and a tablet computer application designed to demonstrate the signs and symptoms seen in the last hours of life for families of dying patients. Pre- and posttests were compared using Pearson χ2 or Fisher exact test, and improvement was measured by weighted κ coefficient. Results: On preintervention surveys, the majority of students demonstrated positive attitudes toward the care of dying patients and their families. Despite this high pretest positive attitude, there was a statistically significant overall positive attitude change after the intervention. The lowest pretest positive attitudes and lowest posttest positive attitude shifts, although all statistically improved, involved addressing the thoughts and feelings of dying patients and in coping with their own emotional response. Conclusions: Medical students exposure to this multimedia EOL curriculum increases positive attitudes in caring for dying patients and their families.
Infection risks associated with peripheral vascular catheters
Authors: Zhang Li , Cao Siyu , Marsh Nicole , Ray-Barruel Gillian , Flynn Julie , Larsen Emily , Rickard Claire M 
Published: July 2016

Background: Peripheral vascular catheters (PVC) are the most frequently used invasive medical devices in hospitals, with 330 million sold each year in the USA alone. One in three UK inpatients at any one time has at least one PVC in situ according to the Scottish National Prevalence survey. Method: A narrative review of studies describing the infection risks associated with PVCs. Results: It is estimated that 30–80% of hospitalised patients receive at least one PVC during their hospital stay. Despite their prevalence, PVCs are not benign devices, and the high number of PVCs inserted annually has resulted in serious catheter-related bloodstream infections and significant morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and increased healthcare system costs. To date, PVC infections have been under-evaluated. Most studies focus on central venous catheter rather than PVC-associated bloodstream infections. Risks associated with PVC infection must be addressed to reduce patient morbidity and associated costs of prolonged hospital admission and treatment. Discussion: This article discusses the sources and routes of PVC-associated infection and outlines known effective prevention and intervention strategies.
Reaction aureoles around uraninites within biotite and plagioclase: evidence of low-temperature sequential fluid alteration andLREE-mobilization from monazite
Authors: Ozha Manoj K. , Mishra Biswaji , Jeyagopal Aiveliagaram V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOptical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electron probe microanalyses were conducted on a migmatitic metapelite to investigate the effects of alpha radiation and subsequent alteration at the interface between uraninite inclusions and the host minerals biotite, chlorite and albitic plagioclase. The study reveals (1) anomalous colouration under the polarizing microscope; (2) pertinent changes in the characteristic Raman spectra of host phases; (3) reaction aureoles, composed of secondary phases (viz. chlorite and K-feldspar) of various sizes (∼15–45 μm) within biotite and plagioclase, respectively; (iv) K-feldspatization and sericitization of plagioclase at the grain boundaries; (5) agreement between the observed α-penetration depths and the Monte-Carlo simulation results; and (6) dissolution textures within the matrix monazites. Analysis of the compositions of the reaction aureoles in albitic plagioclase reveals a systematic distribution of K-feldspar-, LREE- and clay-rich zones; while the same in biotite is composed of secondary chlorite. The growth sequence of the secondary phases indicates an influx of a K-rich fluid, following intense radiation damage, efficiently superimposed by LREE-metasomatism and later acidic alteration. These changes took place under low-temperature (≤150°C) conditions, wherein radial cracks (within plagioclase) and cleavages/fractures (within biotite) favoured fluid infiltration-circulation into the reaction aureoles. Depletion of the LREEs from the dissolved matrix monazites and their enrichment as a discrete LREE phase within the damaged aureoles in plagioclase demonstrate micrometre-scale LREE mobility.
Targeted delivery of nerve growth factor to the cholinergic basal forebrain of Alzheimer’s disease patients: application of a second-generation encapsulated cell biodelivery device
Authors: Eyjolfsdottir Helga , Eriksdotter Maria , Linderoth Bengt , Lind Göran , Juliusson Bengt , Kusk Philip , Almkvist Ove , Andreasen Niels , Blennow Kaj , Ferreira Daniel , Westman Eric , Nennesmo Inger , Karami Azadeh , Darreh-Shori Taher , Kadir Ahmadul , Nordberg Agneta , Sundström Erik , Wahlund Lars-Olof , Wall Anders , Wiberg Maria , Winblad Bengt , Seiger Åke , Wahlberg Lars , Almqvist Per 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background
Targeted delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) has emerged as a potential therapy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) due to its regenerative effects on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. This hypothesis has been tested in patients with AD using encapsulated cell biodelivery of NGF (NGF-ECB) in a first-in-human study. We report our results from a third-dose cohort of patients receiving second-generation NGF-ECB implants with improved NGF secretion.

Methods
Four patients with mild to moderate AD were recruited to participate in an open-label, phase Ib dose escalation study with a 6-month duration. Each patient underwent stereotactic implant surgery with four NGF-ECB implants targeted at the cholinergic basal forebrain. The NGF secretion of the second-generation implants was improved by using the Sleeping Beauty transposon gene expression technology and an improved three-dimensional internal scaffolding, resulting in production of about 10 ng NGF/device/day.

Results
All patients underwent successful implant procedures without complications, and all patients completed the study, including implant removal after 6 months. Upon removal, 13 of 16 implants released NGF, 8 implants released NGF at the same rate or higher than before the implant procedure, and 3 implants failed to release detectable amounts of NGF. Of 16 adverse events, none was NGF-, or implant-related. Changes from baseline values of cholinergic markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlated with cortical nicotinic receptor expression and Mini Mental State Examination score. Levels of neurofilament light chain (NFL) protein increased in CSF after NGF-ECB implant, while glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) remained stable.

Conclusions
The data derived from this patient cohort demonstrate the safety and tolerability of sustained NGF release by a second-generation NGF-ECB implant to the basal forebrain, with uneventful surgical implant and removal of NGF-ECB implants in a new dosing cohort of four patients with AD.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01163825. Registered on 14 Jul 2010.