bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Perspective of the Intensivist on Inotropes and Postoperative Care Following Pediatric Heart Surgery: An International Survey and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Roeleveld Peter P. , de Klerk J. C. A. 
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Inotropes are frequently being used in children undergoing heart surgery to prevent or treat low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS). There is only limited evidence that inotropes actually positively influence postoperative outcome. Our aim was to describe the current international practice variation in the use of inotropes following congenital heart surgery. Methods: We developed an online survey regarding the postoperative use of inotropes. We sent an invitation to all 197 registered members of the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society (PCICS) to participate in the survey. We also performed a systematic review of the literature. Results: Ninety-eight people (50%) responded, representing 62 international centers. Milrinone is routinely used perioperatively by 90 respondents (97%). Adrenaline/epinephrine is routinely used by 43%, dopamine by 36%, dobutamine by 11%, and levosimendan by 6%. Steroids are used routinely by 54% before initiating cardiopulmonary bypass. Vasopressin is used by 44% of respondents. The development of LCOS is monitored with lactate in 99% of respondents, physical examination (98%), intermittent mixed venous saturation (76%), continuous mixed venous saturation (13%), echocardiography (53%), core–peripheral temperature gap (29%), near-infrared spectrometry (25%), and 4% use cardiac output monitors (PiCCO, USCOM). To improve cardiac output, 42% add/increase milrinone, 37% add adrenaline, and 15% add dopamine. Rescue therapy is titrated individually, based on the patients’ pathophysiology. A systematic review of the literature failed to show compelling evidence with regard to the benefit of inotropes. Conclusions: Despite the lack of sufficient evidence, milrinone is used by the vast majority of caregivers following congenital heart surgery.
2005 to 2014 CT and MRI Utilization Trends in the Context of a Nondenial Prior Authorization Program
Authors: Powell Adam C. , Levin David C. , Kren Erin M. , Beveridge Roy A. , Long James W. , Gupta Amit K. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: Reducing unnecessary testing may benefit patients, as some computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) expose patients to contrast, and all CTs expose patients to radiation. This observational study with historical controls assessed shifts in CT and MRI utilization over a 9-year period after a private health insurer’s implementation of a nondenial, consultative prior authorization program. Methods/Materials: Normalized rates of exams per 1000 person-years were plotted over 2005 to 2014 for people with commercial and Medicare Advantage health plans in the San Antonio market, with 2005 utilization set as the baseline. The program was implemented at the start of 2006. Computed tomography and MRI utilization changes were compared with contemporaneous changes in low-tech plain film and ultrasound utilization. Results: Growth in high-tech imaging utilization decelerated or reversed during the period. In 2006, CT utilization dropped to between 76% and 90% of what it had been in 2005, depending on the plan. In 2014, it was between 52% and 88% of its initial level. MRI utilization declined to between 86% and 94% of its initial level in 2006, and then to between 50% and 75% in 2014. Ultrasound utilization was greater in 2014 than in 2005 for some plans. Plain film utilization declined between 2005 and 2014 for all plans. Conclusion: There was an immediate and sustained decline in CT and MRI utilization after the introduction of the program. While many factors may have impacted the long-term trends, the mixed trends in low-tech imaging suggest that a decline in low-tech imaging was not responsible for the decline in CT and MRI utilization.
Behind the scenes: a cross-country study into third-party website referencing and the online advertising ecosystem
Authors: Nurse Jason R. C. , Buckley Oliver 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe ubiquitous nature of the Internet provides an ideal platform for human communication, trade, information sharing and learning. Websites play a central role in these activities as they often act as a key point of interaction for individuals in navigating through cyberspace. In this article, we look beyond the visual interface of websites to consider exactly what occurs when a webpage is visited. In particular, we focus on the various web scripts that are often programmatically executed, to explore the extent to which third-party sites are referenced. Our aim is to study these references and the ecosystem that they create. To gain maximal impact while also allowing for a cross-country comparison, our study is scoped to an assessment of the top 250 sites in the UK, USA, Germany, Russia and Japan. From our analysis, there are various novel contributions of note. These include the empirical identification of a vast ecosystem of third-party information processing sites, especially advertisement networks, and the evidential discovery of a few significant players irrespective of country and locale. Through a user study, we also find that while individuals do have some knowledge of the prevalence of advertisements in websites, their understanding of the variety of activities that occur upon visiting websites, is not widely known. Going forward, we therefore advocate for increased transparency in such activities and the wider online advertisement ecosystem.
From explicit to implicit orientation: mapping rank scale to modality in English and Chinese
Authors: Chen Shu-Kun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn Systemic Functional Grammar, modality is treated as a semantic domain that extends across more than one grammatical environment. The basic distinction that determines various realizations of modality is modeled as the system of ORIENTATION. This paper aims to compare the explicit/implicit manifestations of modality in English and Chinese, a relatively less discussed issue in previous literature. After introducing the system network of modality in SFG, the paper, based on the rank theory, posits that the explicit/implicit orientation could be mapped clearly onto the choices of three ranks: clause, phrase/group and word. A meaning-oriented criterion is set up as follows: (i) Explicit modality is construed as Figure/Proposition; (ii) Quasi-explicit modality is construed as projecting Circumstance; (iii) Implicit modality is construed as modal Adjunct, part of Process/Predicator or mood element. Provided this criterion, various realizations of modality are examined along the rank scale both in English and Chinese. It is found that the two languages share similar lexicogrammatical strategies in this respect. Some major differences are: (i) Verbal groups (e.g.shuō bú dìng‘say NEG firm’) can be used to construe implicit modality in Chinese. This phenomenon is not found in English. (ii) In English, the choice of explicit and implicit modality parallels the choice of subjective and objective modality. In Chinese, however, the choice of subjective and objective modality is available only when explicit modality is opted. A small-scale analysis of how modality is translated in a parallel corpus shows preliminary evidence for the above observations.
Trauma and psychotic experiences: transnational data from the World Mental Health Survey
Authors: McGrath John J. , Saha Sukanta , Lim Carmen C. W. , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio , Alonso Jordi , Andrade Laura H. , Bromet Evelyn J. , Bruffaerts Ronny , Caldas de Almeida José M. , Cardoso Graça , de Girolamo Giovanni , Fayyad John , Florescu Silvia , Gureje Oye , Haro Josep M. , Kawakami Norito , Koenen Karestan C. , Kovess-Masfety Viviane , Lee Sing , Lepine Jean-Pierre , McLaughlin Katie A. , Medina-Mora Maria E. , Navarro-Mateu Fernando , Ojagbemi Akin , Posada-Villa Jose , Sampson Nancy , Scott Kate M. , Tachimori Hisateru , ten Have Margreet , Kendler Kenneth S. , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundTraumatic events are associated with increased risk of psychotic experiences, but it is unclear whether this association is explained by mental disorders prior to psychotic experience onset.AimsTo investigate the associations between traumatic events and subsequent psychotic experience onset after adjusting for post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders.MethodWe assessed 29 traumatic event types and psychotic experiences from the World Mental Health surveys and examined the associations of traumatic events with subsequent psychotic experience onset with and without adjustments for mental disorders.ResultsRespondents with any traumatic events had three times the odds of other respondents of subsequently developing psychotic experiences (OR=3.1, 95% CI 2.7–3.7), with variability in strength of association across traumatic event types. These associations persisted after adjustment for mental disorders.ConclusionsExposure to traumatic events predicts subsequent onset of psychotic experiences even after adjusting for comorbid mental disorders.
Detection of illicit online sales of fentanyls via Twitter
Authors: Mackey Tim K. , Kalyanam Janani 
Published: November 2017

A counterfeit fentanyl crisis is currently underway in the United States. Counterfeit versions of commonly abused prescription drugs laced with fentanyl are being manufactured, distributed, and sold globally, leading to an increase in overdose and death in countries like the United States and Canada. Despite concerns from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency regarding covert and overt sale of fentanyls online, no study has examined the role of the Internet and social media on fentanyl illegal marketing and direct-to-consumer access. In response, this study collected and analyzed five months of Twitter data (from June-November 2015) filtered for the keyword “fentanyl” using Amazon Web Services. We then analyzed 28,711 fentanyl-related tweets using text filtering and a machine learning approach called a Biterm Topic Model (BTM) to detect underlying latent patterns or “topics” present in the corpus of tweets. Using this approach we detected a subset of 771 tweets marketing the sale of fentanyls online and then filtered this down to nine unique tweets containing hyperlinks to external websites. Six hyperlinks were associated with online fentanyl classified ads, 2 with illicit online pharmacies, and 1 could not be classified due to traffic redirection. Importantly, the one illicit online pharmacy detected was still accessible and offered the sale of fentanyls and other controlled substances direct-to-consumers with no prescription required at the time of publication of this study. Overall, we detected a relatively small sample of Tweets promoting illegal online sale of fentanyls. However, the detection of even a few online sellers represents a public health danger and a direct violation of law that demands further study.
The law on sport in the light of the opinion of the fitness instructors and personal trainers
Authors: Proskura Patrycja , Witkowski Kazimierz 
Published: November 2017

StreszczeniePopularność pracy w charakterze instruktora fitness oraz trenera personalnego w naszym kraju stale rośnie. Prawo dotyczące tej grypy zawodowej w Polsce nie jest uregulowane, co stwarza wiele wątpliwości dotyczących jakości ich kwalifikacji. Obowiązująca ustawa o sporcie z dnia 25 czerwca 2010 roku m.in. zrównała wymogi dla trenerów i instruktorów, wykluczyła wymóg ukończenia studiów wyższych oraz wyłączyła procedurę ubiegania się o zgodę ministra właściwego do spraw kultury fizycznej na prowadzenie specjalistycznych kursów trenerskich i instruktorskich.Celem artykułu było zbadanie odczuć samych instruktorów fitness oraz trenerów personalnych dotyczących obecnej ustawy o sporcie. Badania przeprowadzono we wrocławskich klubach fitness, w których wzięło udział 100 ankietowanych. AbstractThe popularity of the work as a fitness instructor and personal trainer in our country continues to grow. Right about this flu in Poland is not regulated, which creates a lot of concerns about the quality of their qualifications. The existing law on sport of 25 June 2010 requirements for trainers and instructors, excluded the requirement of graduate and cut off the procedure of applying for consent to the competent Minister of physical culture to carry out specialized trainer courses and instructor.The aim of the article was to examine the experience of the same fitness instructors and personal trainers on the current law on sport. The research was conducted in various fitness clubs, involving 100 respondents.
Mindfulness for men with pregnant partners: An integrative literature review (Part one)
Authors: Jones Donovan , Ebert Lyn , Hazelton Michael 
Published: November 2017

Background Men are as likely to suffer stressors associated with pregnancy as their pregnant partners, but are less likely to receive support. Mindfulness interventions are a possible way to enable men to manage and reduce stress that may provoke anger and depression. Aim This integrative review examined original research into using mindfulness as an intervention for men during the perinatal period. Methods Using the question, ‘Can mindfulness based stress reduction reduce stress in men with pregnant partners during the perinatal period?’, a comprehensive search retrieved 157 articles. Following defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2 original research papers were included in the review. Thematic analysis identified five themes, the first three of which will be discussed here. Findings Research suggests that men engaged in mindfulness-based stress reduction during the perinatal period experienced improvements in regulating emotions and handling stress, as well a deeper sense of connection with their pregnant partner. Conclusion To improve the wellbeing of men with pregnant partners, mindfulness-based stress reduction techniques are needed to help men to improve psychological wellbeing and better support their pregnant partners.
Rhinitis and rhinosinusitis: When to think allergy and what to do
Authors: Scadding Glenis 
Published: November 2017

Rhinitis and sinusitis are very common conditions seen in primary care. Most sufferers can be helped by accurate diagnosis and medical treatment. Simple measures include douching the nose with saline and avoiding provoking factors such as allergens and pollutants, including environmental tobacco smoke. Additionally, pharmacotherapy can be useful for allergic rhinitis, and involves topical nasal corticosteroids, antihistamines or a combination of the two intranasally. Immunotherapy is reserved for those whose symptoms remain uncontrolled despite pharmacotherapy, and who have one or two major allergens driving their disease. Rhinosinusitis, whether acute or chronic, involves impaired sinus ventilation and drainage due to inflammation, which can be eosinophilic, neutrophilic or a combination of the two. Medical treatment should be tried initially, unless the patient has orbital cellulitis or intracranial signs in which case urgent surgical attention is needed. Few patients need referral to secondary care, but it is important to be able to identify them correctly.Rhinitis and rhinosinusitis are commonly seen in primary care. Practice nurses are well placed to diagnose and treat both conditions effectively in most patients. Glenis Scadding provides an overview of both conditions
Hormone replacement therapy: Helping women decide
Authors: Abernethy Kathy 
Published: November 2017

Menopause occurs around the age of 51 on average and for some women, but not all, it is accompanied by troublesome symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats and vaginal dryness. Symptoms can vary in intensity and duration. Women with symptoms that they find bothersome may seek medical advice. Hormone replacement therapy is the most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms; however, not all women want or need it. Many clinicians are uncertain about the evidence around hormone replacement therapy. This article aims to provide an overview of the risks and benefits of treatment, and highlights the importance of providing individualised advice. Hormone replacement therapy for the menopause can be a confusing topic. Kathy Abernethy provides practice nurses with the information they need to help women make an informed choice about the right treatment for them
Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Single-Gene Disorders by Use of Droplet Digital PCR
Authors: Camunas-Soler Joan , Lee Hojae , Hudgins Louanne , Hintz Susan R , Blumenfeld Yair J , El-Sayed Yasser Y , Quake Stephen R 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Prenatal diagnosis in pregnancies at risk of single-gene disorders is currently performed using invasive methods such as chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis. This is in contrast with screening for common aneuploidies, for which noninvasive methods with a single maternal blood sample have become standard clinical practice.

METHODS
We developed a protocol for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of inherited single-gene disorders using droplet digital PCR from circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma. First, the amount of cfDNA and fetal fraction is determined using a panel of TaqMan assays targeting high-variability single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Second, the ratio of healthy and diseased alleles in maternal plasma is quantified using TaqMan assays targeting the mutations carried by the parents. Two validation approaches of the mutation assay are presented.

RESULTS
We collected blood samples from 9 pregnancies at risk for different single-gene disorders, including common conditions and rare metabolic disorders. We measured cases at risk of hemophilia, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, cystic fibrosis, β-thalassemia, mevalonate kinase deficiency, acetylcholine receptor deficiency, and DFNB1 nonsyndromic hearing loss. We correctly differentiated affected and unaffected pregnancies (2 affected, 7 unaffected), confirmed by neonatal testing. We successfully measured an affected pregnancy as early as week 11 and with a fetal fraction as low as 3.7% (0.3).

CONCLUSIONS
Our method detects single-nucleotide mutations of autosomal recessive diseases as early as the first trimester of pregnancy. This is of importance for metabolic disorders in which early diagnosis can affect management of the disease and reduce complications and anxiety related to invasive testing.
ANALISIS SOLITON PADA GELOMBANG HIDRODINAMIKA BERDASARKAN PERSAMAAN MAXWELL NAVIER-STOKES
Authors: G. Nugroho Nugroho , T.R. Biyanto Biyanto 
Published: November 2017

Formulasi solition berdasarkan persamaan Maxwell Navier-Stokes dianalisis dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan aplikasi dari penelitian ini merupakan aplikasi dari peneltian sebelumnya mengenai penciptaan soliton pada persamaan gelombang secara umum yang kali ini ditrapkan pada gelombang hidrodinamika. Solusi persamaan gelombang diubah ke dalam bentuk deret dan diubah dalam bentuk soliton. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada bentukan persamaan gelombang dari medan-medan kecepatan u, vorticity w dan vektor X. dari formulasi didapatkan bahwa pada kasus satu dimensi, gelombang soliton dapat dihasilkan dalam term linier untuk vektor X. Demikian juga dengan persamaan gelombang untuk medan kecepatan u dan vorticity w akan memberikan hasil yang sama dengan vektor X dalam kasus perambatan satu dimensi spatial diikuti momentum Bernoulli yang harus sama dengan satu, namun pernyataan tersebut tidak berlaku untuk orde dimensi spatial yang melebiho satu, walaupun pada perambatan satu dimensi sekalipun .
Fabrication and characterization of polyimide/ polyethersulfone-fumed silica mixed matrix membrane for gas separation
Authors: Ismail A. F. , Kusworo T. D. 
Published: November 2017

This study is performed primarily to investigate the feasibility of fumed silica as inorganic material towards gas separation performance of mixed matrix membrane. In this study, polyimide/ polyethersulfone (PES)-fumed silica mixed matrix membrane were casted using dry/wet technique. The result from the FESEM, DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed that the structure and physical properties of membrane is influenced by inorganic filler. FESEM`s cross-section view indicated good compatibility between polymer and fumed silica for all of range fumed silica used in this study. The gas separation performance of the mixed matrix membrane with fumed silica were relatively higher compared to that of the neat PI/PES membrane. PI/PES-fumed silica 5 wt% yielded significant selectivity enhancement of 7.21 and 40.47 for O2/N2, and CO2/CH4, respectively.Keywords: gas separation membrane, mixed matrix membrane, silica
OPTIMASI PEMBUATAN DIETIL ETER DENGAN PROSES REAKTIF DISTILASI
Authors: Widayat Widayat , Satriadi Hantoro 
Published: November 2017

DiEtil Eter banyak digunakan sebagai bahan pelarut untuk reaksi organik dan pemisahan senyawa organik dari sumber alamnya, sebagai bahan bakar. DiEtil Eter umumnya diproduksi dengan proses dehidrasi etanol dengan katalis asam sulfat pada suhu 125­­­0C – 1400C (proses barbet). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kondisi optimum pada pembuatan dietil eter dengan katalis asam sulfat dan proses reaktif distilasi. Variabel yang dioptimasi adalah konsentrasi asam sulfat awal dan perbandingan mol reaktan etanol dengan asam sulfat. Proses optimasi menggunakan metode respon permukaan dan pengolahan data dengan perangkat lunak Statistica(R.) Proses pembuatan dietil eter dilakukan pada volume 700 ml, waktu 100 menit dan suhu operasi 125-1300 C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model matematika yang diperoleh hubungan konversi etanol dengan perbandingan mol reaktan etanol dengan asam sulfat dan konsentrasi awal asam sulfat adalah . Konversi etanol optimum sebesar 31,83 % pada kondisi operasi perbandingan mol reaktan etanol dengan asam sulfat 1 : 1,30 dan konsentrasi awal asam sulfat 10,98 M.