bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer screening—opportunistic use of registry and linked screening data for local evaluation
Authors: Roder David , Farshid Gelareh , Gill Grantley , Kollias Jim , Koczwara Bogda , Karapetis Chris , Adams Jacqui , Joshi Rohit , Keefe Dorothy , Powell Kate , Fusco Kellie , Eckert Marion , Buckley Elizabeth , Beckmann Kerri 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRationaleScreening has been found to reduce breast cancer mortality at a population level in Australia, but these studies did not address local settings where numbers of deaths would generally have been too low for evaluation. Clinicians, administrators, and consumer groups are also interested in local service outcomes. We therefore use more common prognostic and treatment measures and survivals to gain evidence of screening effects among patients attending 4 local hospitals for treatment.Aims and objectivesTo compare prognostic, treatment, and survival measures by screening history to determine whether expected screening effects are occurring.MethodsEmploying routine clinical registry and linked screening data to investigate associations of screening history with these measures, using unadjusted and adjusted analyses.ResultsScreened women had a 10‐year survival from breast cancer of 92%, compared with 78% for unscreened women; and 79% of screened surgical cases had breast conserving surgery compared with 64% in unscreened women. Unadjusted analyses indicated that recently screened cases had earlier tumor node metastasis stages, smaller diameters, less nodal involvement, better tumor differentiation, more oestrogen and progesterone receptor positive lesions, more hormone therapy, and less chemotherapy. Radiotherapy tended to be more common in screening participants. More frequent use of adjunctive radiotherapy applied when breast conserving surgery was used.ConclusionsResults confirm the screening effects expected from the scientific literature and demonstrate the value of opportunistic use of available registry and linked screening data for indicating to local health administrations, practitioners, and consumers whether local screening services are having the effects expected.
Rheology of gluten‐free dough and physical characteristics of bread with potato protein
Authors: Witczak Teresa , Juszczak Lesław , Ziobro Rafał , Korus Jarosław 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPotato protein applied at 2–10% level significantly modified rheology of gluten‐free dough. The volume of the resulting loaves was higher than control by 8% when the smallest addition was applied, but lower by 26–30% at higher concentration levels. Potato protein caused a decrease in crumb porosity up to 10%, and a change in pore distribution, which also depended on the applied level. Lightness (L*) of bread with potato protein was higher than control at low concentrations and decreased when higher additions of potato protein were applied. Bread hardness increased with rising amounts of the preparation, but the extent of these changes was narrow at small addition levels. Enthalpy of retrograded amylopectin on the first day of storage slightly increased, with no significant variations among the samples, but it decreased on the third day of storage, and the difference between samples with potato protein and control was significant (up to 25%).Practical applicationsBakery products based on raw materials naturally free of gluten are often characterized by improper technological parameters and nutritional properties. The study was conducted to evaluate the usability of potato protein as a component of gluten‐free bread, which could improve its properties and nutritional value. We found that addition of potato protein, significantly influenced bread properties. The exact impact depended on protein level. The analysis of volume changes suggests that, protein, when used in relatively small amounts (2%), causes a diminished density of bread crumb, reduced porosity and increased bread volume. Further increase in protein addition level leads to a deterioration of bread quality, including decrease in its volume. We concluded that potato protein could be a valuable component of gluten‐free bread, in terms of its nutritional quality, however the formulation with its share should be optimized by balancing the level of other ingredients and additives.
Constitutional Symptoms Trigger Diagnostic Testing Before Antibiotic Prescribing in High‐Risk Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Eke‐Usim Angela C. , Rogers Mary A.M. , Gibson Kristen E. , Crnich Christopher , Mody Lona ,   the Targeted Infection Prevention Study Team
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the use of diagnostic testing before treating an infection in nursing home (NH) residents suspected of having a urinary tract infection (UTI) or pneumonia.DesignProspective longitudinal study nested within a randomized trial, using data from control sites.SettingSix NHs in southeast Michigan.ParticipantsNH residents with an indwelling urinary catheter, enteral feeding tube, or both (N = 162) with 695 follow‐up visits (189 (28%) visits with an infection).MeasurementsClinical and demographic data—including information on incident infections, antibiotic use, and results of diagnostic tests—were obtained at study enrollment, after 14 days, and monthly thereafter for up to 1 year.ResultsOne hundred (62%) NH residents had an incident infection requiring antibiotics, with substantial variations between NHs. In addition to presence of infection‐specific symptoms, change in function was a significant predictor of ordering a chest X‐ray to detect pneumonia (odds ratio (OR) = 1.7, P = .01). Similarly, change in mentation was a significant predictor of ordering a urinalysis (OR = 1.9, P = .02), chest X‐ray (OR = 3.3, P < .001), and blood culture (OR = 2.3, P = .02). Antibiotics were used empirically, before laboratory results were available, in 50 of 233 suspected cases of UTI (21.5%) and 16 of 53 (30.2%) suspected cases of pneumonia. Antibiotics were used in 17% of visits without documented clinical or laboratory evidence of infection.ConclusionConstitutional symptoms such as change in function and mentation commonly lead to diagnostic testing and subsequent antibiotic prescribing. Antibiotic use often continues despite negative test results and should be a target for future interventions.
THE SHIFTING DEMAND FOR HOUSING BY AMERICAN RENTERS AND ITS IMPACT ON HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS: 1940–2010*
Authors: DiPasquale Denise , Murray Michael P. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTFrom 1940 to 1960 across 20 large U.S. cities, rental housing's price fell, renters’ incomes rose, rent's share in household budgets fell, and, as expected, renters’ real housing consumption increased. From 1970 to 2010, rental housing's price increased, renters’ incomes decreased, but, unexpectedly, renters’ real housing consumption increased. We find neither demographics nor housing supply factors account for the anomalous post‐1970 increase in renters’ housing consumption. We conclude that after 1970 there was a nationwide increase in renters’ preferences for housing consumption. With incomes falling, renters increased housing consumption by decreasing consumption of other necessities including food, clothing, and transportation.
Direct and indirect influence of sulfur availability on phytoplankton evolutionary trajectories
Authors: Prioretti Laura , Giordano Mario 
Published: September 2016

The sulfate facilitation hypothesis suggests that changes in ocean sulfate concentration influenced the rise to dominance of phytoplankton species of the red lineage. The mechanistic reasons for this phenomenon are not yet understood. We started to address this question by investigating the differences in S utilization by algae of the green and red lineages and in cyanobacteria cultured in the presence of either 5 mmol · L−1 (approximately equivalent to Paleozoic ocean concentrations) or 30 mmol · L−1 (corresponding to post‐Mesozoic/extant concentrations) sulfate. The activities of the main enzymes involved in SO42− assimilation changed in response to changes in growth sulfate concentration. ATP sulfurylase showed different kinetics in the various taxa, with an especially odd behavior for the dinoflagellate. Sulfate availability had a modest effect on cell organic composition. Species‐specific differences in the use of some elements were instead obvious in algae grown in the presence of different sulfate concentrations, overall confirming that algae of the red lineage do better at high sulfate than algae of the green lineage. The increase in sulfate concentration may thus have had an impact on phytoplankton radiation both through changes in their enzymatic machinery and through indirect repercussion on elemental usage.
Preliminary Investigation of Cardiovascular–Renal Disorders in Dogs with Chronic Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Martinelli E. , Locatelli C. , Bassis S. , Crosara S. , Paltrinieri S. , Scarpa P. , Spalla I. , Zanaboni AM. , Quintavalla C. , Brambilla P. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundVeterinary literature lacks data about cardiovascular–renal disorders (CvRD) and cardiorenal‐anemia syndrome (CRAS) in dogs.HypothesisA direct correlation exists betweenACVIMclass andIRISstage; chronic kidney disease (CKD) complicates chronic mitral valve disease (CMVD) more often than does anemia in dogs.AnimalsOne hundred and fifty‐eight client‐owned dogs withCMVD.MethodsSignalment, physical examination findings, electrocardiography, thoracic radiographs, echocardiography, and blood analysis were retrospectively evaluated to assess the prevalence ofCKDand anemia in dogs withCMVDand to investigate the relationships amongACVIMclass,IRISstage, and survival.ResultsThe prevalence ofCKDand anemia in dogs withCMVDwas significantly higher than in the general population of dogs. Dogs being treated for heart failure had a significantly higher prevalence ofCKDthan did dogs that had not received treatment. A statistically significant direct correlation was found betweenACVIMclass andIRISstage. Severe heart disease, severe renal disease or both, furosemide administration, and advanced age at diagnosis of heart disease were associated with shorter survival time. Survival time of dogs affected by CvRDwas statistically shorter than survival time of dogs affected byCMVDalone.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceChronic mitral valve disease is associated with increased prevalence ofCKDand anemia in dogs. Treatment for medical management of heart failure may play a role in inducingCKD. Class of heart disease andIRISstage were directly correlated. Cardiovascular–renal disorders decrease survival time compared to the only presence ofCMVDalone, whereas anemia does not play a central role in worsening heart function.
Clinicopathologic and Histopathologic Renal Abnormalities in Dogs with Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Mehrkens L.R. , Mohr F.C. , Sykes J.E. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundWe observed evidence of protein‐losing nephropathy in some dogs with coccidioidomycosis, suggestive of immune complex glomerulonephritis (ICGN). The goal of this study was to understand the prevalence of renal histopathologic lesions and proteinuria in dogs with coccidioidomycosis.HypothesisBiochemical and histopathological evidence of glomerular lesions is present in dogs with coccidioidomycosis.AnimalsHundred and fifty‐six dogs with naturally occurring coccidioidomycosis.MethodsRetrospective case series. Clinical information and results of clinicopathologic testing were retrieved from the University of California, Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH). Microscopic sections of renal tissue procured from necropsy of dogs with coccidioidomycosis were examined to evaluate the nature and distribution of lesions.ResultsA total of 156 dogs with coccidioidomycosis were identified; 87 dogs had serum biochemistry and a urinalysis performed, 17 had urine protein:creatinine ratios (UPCs), and 24 had renal tissue available for histopathology. Eleven (13%) of the 87 dogs were azotemic, 55 (63%) were proteinuric (of which 14 [25%] had clinically relevant proteinuria defined as ≥3+ or ≥500 mg/dL), and 14 dogs had UPC ≥0.5 (range, 0.5–21.5, median 4.2). Thirteen (54%) of 24 dogs had renal histopathologic lesions suggestive of ICGN. Seven of these dogs had urinalyses performed; 5 (71%) had clinically relevant proteinuria as described above. Two dogs (33%) with normal glomeruli had granulomatous nephritis, 1 of which had intralesional Coccidioides spherules.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCoccidioidomycosis should be considered as a possible contributor to glomerular disease in dogs. Whether similar lesions occur in other mammalian hosts, including humans, warrants further investigation.
Does nitrogen affect the interaction between a native hemiparasite and its native or introduced leguminous hosts?
Authors: Cirocco Robert M. , Facelli José M. , Watling Jennifer R. 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Associations between plants and nitrogen (N)‐fixing rhizobia intensify with decreasing N supply and come at a carbon cost to the host. However, what additional impact parasitic plants have on their leguminous hosts’ carbon budget in terms of effects on host physiology and growth is unknown.

Under glasshouse conditions, Ulex europaeus and Acacia paradoxa either uninfected or infected with the hemiparasite Cassytha pubescens were supplied (high nitrogen (HN)) or not (low nitrogen (LN)) with extra N. The photosynthetic performance and growth of the association were measured.

Cassytha pubescens significantly reduced the maximum electron transport rates and total biomass of U. europaeus but not those of A. paradoxa, regardless of N. Infection significantly decreased the root biomass of A. paradoxa only at LN, while the significant negative effect of infection on roots of U. europaeus was less severe at LN. Infection had a significant negative impact on host nodule biomass. Ulex europaeus supported significantly greater parasite biomass (also per unit host biomass) than A. paradoxa, regardless of N.

We concluded that rhizobia do not influence the effect of a native parasite on overall growth of leguminous hosts. Our results suggest that C. pubescens will have a strong impact on U. europaeus but not A. paradoxa, regardless of N in the field.
The International Haemovigilance Network Database for the Surveillance of Adverse Reactions and Events in Donors and Recipients of Blood Components: technical issues and results
Authors: Politis C. , Wiersum J. C. , Richardson C. , Robillard P. , Jorgensen J. , Renaudier P. , Faber J.‐C. , Wood E. M. 
Published: September 2016

Background and ObjectivesThe International Haemovigilance Network's ISTARE is an online database for surveillance of all adverse reactions (ARs) and adverse events (AEs) associated with donation of blood and transfusion of blood components, irrespective of severity or the harm caused. ISTARE aims to unify the collection and sharing of information with a view to harmonizing best practices for haemovigilance systems around the world.Materials and MethodsAdverse reactionss and adverse events are recorded by blood component, type of reaction, severity and imputability to transfusion, using internationally agreed standard definitions.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2012, 125 national sets of annual aggregated data were received from 25 countries, covering 132.8 million blood components issued. The incidence of all ARs was 77.5 per 100 000 components issued, of which 25% were severe (19.1 per 100 000). Of 349 deaths (0.26 per 100 000), 58% were due to the three ARs related to the respiratory system: transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO, 27%), transfusion‐associated acute lung injury (TRALI, 19%) and transfusion‐associated dyspnoea (TAD, 12%). Cumulatively, 594 477 donor complications were reported (rate 660 per 100 000), of which 2.9% were severe.ConclusionsISTARE is a well‐established surveillance tool offering important contributions to international efforts to maximize transfusion safety.
ACTIVATED CARBON FROM MUKAH COAL FOR TEXTILE WASTEWATER BIOREMEDIATION TREATMENT
Authors: Mat Junoh Muhammad , Ibrahim Zaharah , Ani Farid Nasir 
Published: September 2016

Activated carbon is commonly used in water and wastewater treatment, removing organics that cause unpleasant odors, tastes and other detrimental effects. In this study, bioremediation treatment consists of biofilms of two types of microbes, i.e. Bacillus sp and Escherichia sp are grown and immobilized on the Mukah coal activated carbon from Sarawak. Prepared activated carbon was categorized by different physical geometries design such as SGAC I, SGAC II, SGAC III, HCGAC I, HCGAC II and HCGAC III. The target pollutants to be removed from the Ramatex textile wastewater were BOD5, COD, TSS, color, phosphate, nitrate and sulfate. Escherichia sp with SGAC I was found to give the best results for the bioremediation process and the percentage of BOD5, color,COD,TSS, nitrate, sulfate and phosphate removal were 71.4%, 91.1%, 96.4%, 98.8%, 80.3%, 90.3% and 60.3% respectively. The results indicated that combination between physical and biological treatment was the main factor for the best pollutants removal achievement.
Synchronous deficits in cumulative muscle protein synthesis and ribosomal biogenesis underlie age‐related anabolic resistance to exercise in humans
Authors: Brook Matthew S. , Wilkinson Daniel J. , Mitchell William K. , Lund Jonathan N. , Phillips Bethan E. , Szewczyk Nathaniel J. , Greenhaff Paul L. , Smith Kenneth , Atherton Philip J. 
Published: September 2016

Key points
Resistance exercise training (RET) is one of the most effective strategies for preventing declines in skeletal muscle mass and strength with age.
Hypertrophic responses to RET with age are diminished compared to younger individuals.
In response to 6 weeks RET, we found blunted hypertrophic responses with age are underpinned by chronic deficits in long‐term muscle protein synthesis.
We show this is likely to be the result of multifactorial deficits in anabolic hormones and blunted translational efficiency and capacity.
These results provide great insight into age‐related exercise adaptations and provide a platform on which to devise appropriate nutritional and exercise interventions on a longer term basis.
AbstractAgeing is associated with impaired hypertrophic responses to resistance exercise training (RET). Here we investigated the aetiology of ‘anabolic resistance’ in older humans. Twenty healthy male individuals, 10 younger (Y; 23 ± 1 years) and 10 older (O; 69 ± 3 years), performed 6 weeks unilateral RET (6 × 8 repetitions, 75% of one repetition maximum (1‐RM), 3 times per week). After baseline bilateral vastus lateralis (VL) muscle biopsies, subjects consumed 150 ml D2O (70 atom%; thereafter 50 ml week−1), further bilateral VL muscle biopsies were taken at 3 and 6 weeks to quantify muscle protein synthesis (MPS) via gas chromatography–pyrolysis–isotope ratio mass spectrometry. After RET, 1‐RM increased in Y (+35 ± 4%) and O (+25 ± 3%; P < 0.01), while MVC increased in Y (+21 ± 5%; P < 0.01) but not O (+6 ± 3%; not significant (NS)). In comparison to Y, O displayed blunted RET‐induced increases in muscle thickness (at 3 and 6 weeks, respectively, Y: +8 ± 1% and +11 ± 2%, P < 0.01; O: +2.6 ± 1% and +3.5 ± 2%, NS). While ‘basal’ longer term MPS was identical between Y and O (∼1.35 ± 0.1% day−1), MPS increased in response to RET only in Y (3 weeks, Y: 1.61 ± 0.1% day−1; O: 1.49 ± 0.1% day−1). Consistent with this, O exhibited inferior ribosomal biogenesis (RNA:DNA ratio and c‐MYC induction: Y: +4 ± 2 fold change; O: +1.9 ± 1 fold change), translational efficiency (S6K1 phosphorylation, Y: +10 ± 4 fold change; O: +4 ± 2 fold change) and anabolic hormone milieu (testosterone, Y: 367 ± 19; O: 274 ± 19 ng dl−1 (all P < 0.05). Anabolic resistance is thus multifactorial.
Brainstem sources of cardiac vagal tone and respiratory sinus arrhythmia
Authors: Farmer David G.S. , Dutschmann Mathias , Paton Julian F.R. , Pickering Anthony E. , McAllen Robin M. 
Published: September 2016

Key points
Cardiac vagal tone is a strong predictor of health, although its central origins are unknown.
Respiratory‐linked fluctuations in cardiac vagal tone give rise to respiratory sinus arryhthmia (RSA), with maximum tone in the post‐inspiratory phase of respiration.
In the present study, we investigated whether respiratory modulation of cardiac vagal tone is intrinsically linked to post‐inspiratory respiratory control using the unanaesthetized working heart‐brainstem preparation of the rat.
Abolition of post‐inspiration, achieved by inhibition of the pontine Kolliker‐Fuse nucleus, removed post‐inspiratory peaks in efferent cardiac vagal activity and suppressed RSA, whereas substantial cardiac vagal tone persisted. After transection of the caudal pons, part of the remaining tone was removed by inhibition of nucleus of the solitary tract.
We conclude that cardiac vagal tone depends upon at least 3 sites of the pontomedullary brainstem and that a significant proportion arises independently of RSA.
AbstractCardiac vagal tone is a strong predictor of health, although its central origins are unknown. The rat working heart‐brainstem preparation shows strong cardiac vagal tone and pronounced respiratory sinus arrhythmia. In this preparation, recordings from the cut left cardiac vagal branch showed efferent activity that peaked in post‐inspiration, ∼0.5 s before the cyclic minimum in heart rate (HR). We hypothesized that respiratory modulation of cardiac vagal tone and HR is intrinsically linked to the generation of post‐inspiration. Neurons in the pontine Kölliker‐Fuse nucleus (KF) were inhibited with bilateral microinjections of isoguvacine (50–70 nl, 10 mm) to remove the post‐inspiratory phase of respiration. This also abolished the post‐inspiratory peak of cardiac vagal discharge (and cyclical HR modulation), although a substantial level of activity remained. In separate preparations with intact cardiac vagal branches but sympathetically denervated by thoracic spinal pithing, cardiac chronotropic vagal tone was quantified by HR compared to its final level after systemic atropine (0.5 μm). Bilateral KF inhibition removed 88% of the cyclical fluctuation in HR but, on average, only 52% of the chronotropic vagal tone. Substantial chronotropic vagal tone also remained after transection of the brainstem through the caudal pons. Subsequent bilateral isoguvacine injections into the nucleus of the solitary tract further reduced vagal tone: remaining sources were untraced. We conclude that cardiac vagal tone depends on neurons in at least three sites of the pontomedullary brainstem, and much of it arises independently of respiratory sinus arrhythmia.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Misfiring Detection in an Annular Pulsed Detonation Combustor Mockup
Authors: Wolff Sascha , Schäpel Jan-Simon , King Rudibert 
Published: September 2016

An annular pulsed detonation combustor basically consists of a number of detonation tubes which are firing in a predetermined sequence into a common downstream annular plenum. Fluctuating initial conditions and fluctuating environmental parameters strongly affect the detonation. Operating such a set-up without misfiring is delicate. Misfiring of individual combustion tubes will significantly lower performance or even stop the engine. Hence, an operation of such an engine requires a misfiring detection.
Here, a supervised data driven machine learning approach is used for the misfiring detection. The features used as inputs for the classifier are extracted from measurements incorporating physical knowledge about the given set-up. To this end, a neural network is trained based on labeled data which is then used for classification purposes, i.e., misfiring detection. A surrogate, non-reacting experimental set-up is considered in order to develop and test these methods.