bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Planting Pattern on Pest Management in Virginia Market Type Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Lassiter B.R. , Jordan D.L. , Wilkerson G.G. , Shew B.B. , Brandenburg R.L. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Twelve field trials were completed in North Carolina from 2005 to 2007 to determine the impact of planting pattern on peanut yield, market grade characteristics, and pest reaction for the Virginia market type cultivars Perry and VA 98R. The first set of experiments was designed to evaluate incidence of Cylindrocladium black rot (caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum) using a factorial treatment arrangement of two cultivars, two levels of fumigation (none or metam sodium at 112 L/ha), and two levels of planting pattern (single rows spaced 91-cm apart or twin rows spaced 18 cm apart on 91-cm centers). Visible symptoms associated with Cylindrocladium black rot were not affected by planting pattern. However, in 1 of 3 trials pod scarring as a result of feeding by southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata Howardi) was greater in twin rows compared with single rows. Damage from tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca) was also higher in the cultivar VA 98R planted in twin rows than in single rows or for the cultivar Perry. In the second set of experiments designed to evaluate incidence of Sclerotinia blight (caused by Sclerotinia minor), a factorial treatment arrangement consisting of two cultivars, two levels of boscalid (none or boscalid at 0.44 kg ai/ha), and two levels of planting pattern was implemented. Boscalid decreased Sclerotinia blight incidence at one of 4 locations, and increased pod yield. Yield of Perry was lower when grown in twin rows versus single rows, but yield of VA 98R was higher in twin rows. Peanut planted in twin rows yielded more than peanut planted in single rows regardless of cultivar, fumigation, or disease history in most trials. Results from these experiments suggest that planting pattern can have a minor impact on response to pests and that yield and market grades are often improved when peanut is planted in twin-row planting patterns compared with single rows.
Evaluation of a Small-Scale Peanut Sheller
Authors: Butts C.L. , Sorensen R.B. , Lamb M.C. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Small-scale peanut shelling equipment has been designed and used to meet various needs and scales. A laboratory-scale sheller has been used by researchers to approximate the shelling outturns of a commercial shelling plant using 2 to 10 kg samples. A single commercial-sized sheller will have a shelling capacity up to 23 MT/hr. Commercial shelling operations utilize multiple shellers, each designed to shell a narrow range of peanut sizes. There are enterprises such as small seed processors or manufacturers in developing countries that need shelling equipment capable of processing 100 to 1000 kg of peanuts per hour with the capability of mechanically separating the hulls from the shelled material. A three-stage sheller was designed, fabricated, and tested to determine its throughput (kg/h), the efficiency of separating the hulls from the shelled peanut kernels, and sizing the shelled peanut kernels. The sheller had a maximum shelling rate in the first shelling stage of 1087 kg/h operating at 252 rpm. Approximately 93% of the peanuts were shelled in the first stage of shelling. An air velocity of 9.55 m/s was used to aspirate a mixed stream of peanuts and hulls and removed 97% of the hulls. The sheller was equipped with vibratory screens to separate the material into unshelled, edible sized peanut kernels, and oil stock.
Benin Groundnut Producers’ Perceptions, Awareness and Action about Aflatoxin
Authors: Jolly C.M. , Vodouhe S. , Bayard B. , Jolly P.E. , Williams J.T. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Aflatoxin (AF) contamination of groundnut poses a serious health and economic threat to Benin market participants. However, most farmers are unaware of the problem. A study of 182 farmers was conducted in 2002 using a Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine Benin farmers’ health beliefs, perception constructs of awareness, susceptibility, seriousness of the problem, barriers, and benefits derived from reducing AF levels. Exploratory Factor Analysis was employed to evaluate the HBM model constructs. The average age of farmers was 40.4 years with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 10.8, and farmers had an average of 18.32 years of farming experience. Approximately 93% of farmers stated that sorting of groundnuts was important or very important, while 77% thought that they were sure or definitely sure of the negative effects of AF on human health. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that two factors embodied the susceptibility, barrier and benefit constructs. The study results indicated that the reduction of AF in groundnuts was multidimensional and required policy intervention to increase awareness of the health risks, and to manipulate the factors that influenced the constructs at the farm and policy level.
Effect of raw and processed cowpea on growth and heamatological profile of broiler chicken
Authors: Akanji AM , Fasina OE , Ogungbesan AM 
Published: April 2016

A study was carried out to look at the utilization of cowpea based diets on performance characteristics and haematology of broiler chickens. Raw cowpea, dehulled cowpea, dehulled cooked cowpea and dehulled roasted cowpea grains were fed to broiler chickens in an eight week feeding trial. A total of two hundred (200) day old unsexed broiler chicks of Marshall strain were allotted into five dietary treatments.?Feed intake and growth were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in birds fed raw cowpea and dehulled cowpea respectively. The feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) also followed a similar pattern. Non significant (P > 0.05) differences were however obtained in weight gain, FCE and PER of birds fed control diet and those fed dehulled cooked cowpea in this study. Birds fed dehulled roasted cowpea also had marginal reductions in weight gain, FCE and PER when compared to those fed dehulled cooked cowpea based diet. The haematological studies showed lower (P < 0.05) values of haemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume and white blood cells of birds fed raw cowpea and dehulled cowpea respectively. The best significant indices in this study were however obtained in birds fed dehulled cooked cowpea.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (1): 62-68
Dissemination of Evidence-Based Practice to Directors of Nursing by an Outreach Campaign in Taiwan
Authors: Weng Yi-Hao , Chen Chiehfeng , Chen Kee-Hsin , Kuo Ken N. , Yang Chun-Yuh , Chiu Ya-Wen 
Published: April 2016

Background:Directors of nursing (DONs) have an important influence in the dissemination of evidence-based practice (EBP) in hospital settings. The current study examined how the knowledge, skills, and behaviors of DONs changed when EBP was implemented during a 5-year, nationwide promotional campaign providing EBP-related information resources and promotional activities in regional hospitals in Taiwan.Method:Cross-sectional questionnaire surveys for a nationwide representative sample of DONs were conducted in 2007, 2009, and 2011 to examine views related to EBP, including changes in beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, skills, behaviors, and barriers.Results:This study enrolled 267 DONs in 2007, 257 in 2009, and 287 in 2011. During the study period, DONs' EBP knowledge and skills increased, but their beliefs and attitudes did not significantly change. Furthermore, the use of Internet-based resources, including web portals, electronic textbooks, electronic journals, and evidence-based online databases, increased. Most barriers significantly declined after the intervention.Conclusion:DONs' knowledge, skills, and behaviors regarding EBP increased after the multifaceted intervention. The data suggest this outreach program is useful in disseminating EBP implementation to DONs.J Contin Educ Nurs.2016;47(4):181–188.
Web-Based Assessment of Genomic Knowledge Among Practicing Nurses: A Validation Study
Authors: McCabe Margaret , Ward Linda D. , Ricciardi Catherine 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Understanding foundational concepts of genetics and genomics is essential to contemporary nursing practice. The Genomic Nursing Concept Inventory (GNCI) is a research-based measure designed to assess nurses' knowledge of key genetic concepts. Developed and tested among nursing students, the GNCI needs to be validated with practicing nurses. A valid assessment of genetic–genomic knowledge among nurses is vital to support competency-based continuing education.

Method:
This study explored the feasibility of employing a Web-based version of the GNCI and tested its psychometric performance among a purposive sample of practicing nurses.

Results:
The psychometric features of the GNCI are described in terms of scale, subscale, and concept difficulty and internal consistency reliability; these values were in an acceptable range.

Conclusion:
This study represents a successful early step in testing the feasibility of using a Web-based version of the GNCI and validating the GNCI to measure genetic–genomic knowledge among practicing nurses.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2016;47(4):189–196.
Nursing Students' Perceptions of a Hearing Voices Simulation and Role-Play: Preparation for Mental Health Clinical Practice
Authors: Fossen Peggy , Stoeckel Pamella Rae 
Published: April 2016

Background:Baccalaureate nursing students experience anxiety before working with patients with mental illness who hear voices. A hearing voices simulation and role-play was proposed as an approach to preparing students for clinical practice.Method:A qualitative interpretive phenomenological method was used to determine students' perceptions of the simulation experience before their first mental health clinical rotation.Results:Through the experience of the Walking in the Shoes of Patients activity, written student surveys revealed themes of Reflecting on Past Experiences, Developing Changed Perspectives, and Different Approaches to Care.Conclusion:The hearing voices simulation provided students with a greater understanding of the experience of hearing voices, and the role-play helped students to gain personal insight into patients' behaviors and practice skills learned in preparation for their first mental health clinical experience. [J Nurs Educ.2016;55(4):203–208.]
Teaching a Systems Approach: An Innovative Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Hamrin Vanya , Vick Rose , Brame Cynthia , Simmons Megan , Smith Letizia , Vanderhoef Dawn 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Nurse practitioners are required to navigate complex health care systems. Quality improvement (QI) projects provide the opportunity for nurse practitioner students to learn systems knowledge and improve health care outcomes in patient populations. A gap in the literature exists around how to systematically teach, apply, and measure QI curricular objectives at the master's level.

Method:
Six faculty evaluated the QI project for the psychiatric nurse practitioner master's program by identifying the most challenging QI concepts for students to apply, revising their teaching strategies to address gaps, and retrospectively evaluating the outcomes of these curriculum changes by comparing student outcomes before and after the curricular changes.

Results:

A significant difference was noted on QI project performance between students in the 2014 and 2015 graduating classes, measured by the scores earned on students' final papers (
t
[92] = 1.66,
p
= .05,
d
= .34,
r
2
= .0289).

Conclusion:

Theoretical principles of adult and cooperative learning were used to inform curricular changes to enhance student's acquisition of QI skills. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(4):209–214.]
A Mixed-Methods Study of Prelicensure Nursing Students Changing Answers on Multiple Choice Examinations
Authors: George Tracy P. , Muller M. Annie , Bartz Jeremiah D. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Students often question whether changing answers on multiple choice examinations correlates with an increase or decrease in their grades.

Method:
In a mixed-methods study, 135 prelicensure nursing students were surveyed. The answer response forms were reviewed for erasures. Qualitative data were obtained through content analysis of two questions. Quantitative analysis was performed to explore the relationships among students' self-reported grade performance, test-anxiety levels, and how often they changed answers.

Results:
The themes of Risk, Careless Mistakes, Adequate Preparation, Instinct, and Cues From the Test were identified when students were asked their opinion on changing answers. The themes of Indecisiveness, Test Review, and Rationale emerged when students were asked why they changed answers. Students who reported being somewhat anxious had a greater tendency to change answers. Answers were changed from incorrect to correct 55.6% of the time.

Conclusion:

On average, changing answers resulted in a moderate increase in test scores. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(4):220–223.]
Clinical Management of Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Referral Center in Spain
Authors: Bravo-Ljubetic Luciano , Peralta-Calvo Jesús , Larrañaga-Fragoso Paula , Pascual Nuria Olivier , Pastora-Salvador Natalia , Gomez Jose Abelairas 
Published: April 2016

Purpose:
To review the systemic and ocular outcomes and long-term status of ocular rhabdomyosarcoma in pediatric patients in a tertiary center in Spain.

Methods:
All patients younger than 18 years who were diagnosed as having ocular rhabdomyosarcoma and treated between 1982 and 2011 at La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain, were included. Clinical presentation, management, complications, and ocular and systemic outcomes were reviewed.

Results:
The mean age at presentation was 8 years (range: 3 months to 12.5 years). In all cases, the rhabdomyosarcoma was located primarily in the orbit. Treatment included surgical debulking and various regimens of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. All of the patients underwent surgical biopsy for diagnosis confirmation. Orbital exenteration was performed in 4 cases (28%). Twelve patients received radiotherapy. The long-term visual outcomes of the 10 patients who maintained their globe was as follows: best corrected visual acuity 20/20 to 20/40 in 6 patients (60%), 20/50 to 20/100 in 2 patients (20%), and 20/200 to no light perception in 2 patients (20%). Intraocular complications (primarily cataracts: 50%) were present in 7 patients (70%), ocular surface lesions occurred in 6 patients (60%), and orbital sequelae were found in 8 patients (80%). Local tumor recurrence was detected in 5 patients (35%) and distant metastasis occurred in 2 patients (14%). Tumor-related death occurred in 1 patient (7%).

Conclusions:
Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma has an excellent prognosis; nevertheless, local complications are common, including surgery-related complications. To minimize them, initial surgical planning based on individual patient characteristics and an accurate diagnosis of relapses is mandatory. The clinical presentation, management, and long-term ocular and systemic outcomes are comparable with other series published to date.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(2):119–126.]
Effect of Limbal Relaxing Incisions on Corneal Aberrations
Authors: Eliwa Tamer F. , Abdellatif Mona K. , Hamza Ismail I. 
Published: April 2016

PURPOSE:To study the effect of limbal relaxing incisions on corneal aberrations after phacoemulsification with aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.METHODS:Forty-five eyes underwent microincision cataract surgery with on-axis phacoemulsification incision. These eyes were divided into two groups: limbal relaxing incision group (23 eyes) and control group (22 eyes). In the limbal relaxing incision group, a single limbal relaxing incision was performed on the steepest meridian of corneal topography and the degrees of arc were determined using the DONO-Donnenfeld nomogram. The eyes in the control group were operated on by microincision cataract surgery without limbal relaxing incision. Corneal topography and wavefront analysis over 6-mm pupil size were performed preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively in both groups. Target induced astigmatism vector, surgically induced astigmatism vector, difference vector, magnitude of error, flattening effect, and torque were analyzed using the Alpins vectorial method.RESULTS:The limbal relaxing incision group showed significant reduction in topographic astigmatism by 51.87% of preoperative topographical astigmatism (P< .0001). The mean surgically induced astigmatism of limbal relaxing incision was 1.29 ± 0.71 diopters (D), which was close to the mean target induced astigmatism (1.33 ± 0.20 D), whereas the control group did not show a significant change in topographic astigmatism (0.17 ± 0.11 D;P= .73). Higher order aberrations of the cornea did not show significant change in either group except quatrefoil aberration, which significantly increased in the limbal relaxing incision group but not in the control group, with no significant difference between the two groups regarding corneal aberrations.CONCLUSIONS:Limbal relaxing incision is an effective method in reducing corneal astigmatism with neutral effect on corneal aberrations.[J Refract Surg. 2016;32(3):156–162.]
Three-dimensional Printing of Optical Lenses and Ophthalmic Surgery: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Debellemanière Guillaume , Flores Mathieu , Montard Michel , Delbosc Bernard , Saleh Maher 
Published: April 2016

PURPOSE:
To determine whether the historical Ridley lens could be reproduced with current three-dimensional lens printing technology.

METHODS:
A reproduction of the Ridley lens was printed using the Printoptical Technology (LUXeXceL Group BV, Kruiningen, Netherlands). Photographs and electron microscopy images were taken. Dimensions, weight, anterior and posterior surface radius of curvature, optical transmission, back optical power, and surface analysis using interferometry were obtained.

RESULTS:
The printed lens was 8.10 ± 0.01 mm in diameter, 2.50 ± 0.01 mm thick, and weighed 117 mg. The anterior radius of curvature was 14.63 ± 0.69 mm and the posterior radius of curvature was 10.88 ± 0.22 mm. The back focal length in air was 14.1 ± 0.4 mm. An average 75% transmission in the visible spectrum (400 to 700 nm) was achieved. Surface analysis showed significant surface roughness.

CONCLUSIONS:
The printed reproduction of the Ridley lens was far from current clinical standards, but had the properties of a biconvex lens.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(3):201–204.]
Clinically Relevant Optical Properties of Bifocal, Trifocal, and Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Gatinel Damien , Loicq Jérôme 
Published: April 2016

PURPOSE:
To experimentally compare the optical performance of three types of hydrophobic intraocular lenses (IOLs): extended depth of focus, bifocal, and trifocal.

METHODS:

The tested IOLs were: TECNIS ZMB00 (bifocal; Abbott Medical Optics, Abbott Park, IL), TECNIS Symfony ZXR00 (extended depth of focus; Abbott Medical Optics), and FineVision GFree hydrophobic (trifocal; PhysIOL, Liège, Belgium). Their surface topography was analyzed by optical microscopy. Modulation transfer function (MTF) and spherical aberrations were determined on optical bench for variable pupil apertures and with two cornea models (0
µ
m and +0.28
µ
m). United States Air Force target imaging was analyzed for different focal points (near, intermediate, and far). Point spread function (PSF) and halos were quantified and compared.

RESULTS:

The three lenses presented step-like optic topography. For a pupil size of 3 mm or greater, clearly distinctive MTF peaks were observed for all lenses: two peaks for the extended depth of focus and bifocal lenses with +1.75 and +4.00 diopters (D) addition, respectively, and three peaks for the trifocal lens with +1.75 and +3.50 addition for intermediate and near vision, respectively. The extended depth of focus and bifocal lens had slightly higher MTF at best focus with the +0.28
µ
m cornea model than with the 0
µ
m model, whereas the trifocal lens was likely to be more independent of the corneal spherical aberrations.

CONCLUSIONS:
It appears that the three lenses rely on light diffraction for their optical performance, presenting halos with comparable intensities. For small pupil apertures (< 3 mm), the MTF peaks for the far and intermediate focal distances of the trifocal and extended depth of focus lenses overlap, but the trifocal lens presented an additional MTF peak for the near focal points.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(4):273–280.]
Stromal Demarcation Line in Pulsed Versus Continuous Light Accelerated Corneal Cross-linking for Keratoconus
Authors: Peyman Alireza , Nouralishahi Alireza , Hafezi Farhad , Kling Sabine , Peyman Mohamadreza 
Published: April 2016

PURPOSE:
To compare the stromal demarcation line depth in pulsed versus continuous corneal cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus.

METHODS:

Seventy eyes underwent epithelium-off cross-linking, with 0.1% riboflavin applied during 10 minutes prior to ultraviolet irradiation at 30 mW/cm
2
. Thirty-six eyes received pulsed irradiation (1 second on, 1 second off) for 8 minutes and 34 eyes underwent continuous irradiation for 4 minutes. Total fluence was 7.2 J/cm
2
for both groups. Patients were evaluated at 3 months after the procedure.

RESULTS:

A significantly deeper stromal demarcation line was observed in the pulsed group compared to the continuous group (201.11 ± 27.76 vs 159.88 ± 20.86
µ
m;
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The pulsed corneal cross-linking protocol induced a significantly deeper stromal demarcation line when compared to the 4 minutes of highly accelerated continuous CXL protocol. Neither CXL protocol induced a shallower demarcation line comparable to less accelerated CXL protocols previously reported.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(3):206–208.]
Comparison of Dysfunctional Lens Index and Scheimpflug Lens Densitometry in the Evaluation of Age-Related Nuclear Cataracts
Authors: Faria-Correia Fernando , Ramos Isaac , Lopes Bernardo , Monteiro Tiago , Franqueira Nuno , Ambrósio Renato 
Published: April 2016

PURPOSE:
To describe the Dysfunctional Lens Index (DLI) from ray-tracing aberrometry and to test its correlations with logMAR corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and lens grading based on the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) and the Scheimpflug-based lens density.

METHODS:
The DLI was calculated by the i-Trace Visual Functional Analyzer (Tracey Technologies, Houston, TX). Forty eyes of 30 patients with mild to moderate age-related nuclear cataract were included retrospectively. Nuclear opalescence grading was obtained by slit lamp using the LOCS III, and objective lens densitometry was evaluated by Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). The average density parameter obtained by Scheimpflug imaging of the nucleus lens was considered.

RESULTS:

The DLI showed a high negative linear correlation with the LOCS III nuclear opalescence score (
r
= −0.662;
P
< .01). The average density of the lens nucleus was positively correlated with the LOCS III nuclear opalescence score (
r
= 0.682;
P
< .01). The CDVA had a stronger relationship with the DLI parameter (
r
= −0.702,
P
< .01) compared to the average density values (
r
= 0.630,
P
< .01).

CONCLUSIONS:
The DLI was correlated with the LOCS III nuclear opalescence score and the Scheimpflug-based lens density. The DLI had a stronger correlation with CDVA compared to the LOCS III classification or the Scheimpflug-based lens density. The DLI may improve the preoperative evaluation of nuclear cataract and the monitoring of its progression.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(4):244–248.]