bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Communication With Surrogate Decision-Makers: A Pilot Initiative
Authors: Meltzer Ellen C. , Shi Zhenzhen , Suppes Alexandra , Hersh Jennifer E. , Orlander Jay D. , Calhoun Aaron W. , Tung Judy , Logio Lia , Manna Ruth , Bialer Philip A. , Acres Cathleen A. , Fins Joseph J. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBackground Difficult conversations in medical care often occur between physicians and patients' surrogates, individuals entrusted with medical decisions for patients who lack the capacity to make them. Poor communication between patients' surrogates and physicians may exacerbate anxiety and guilt for surrogates, and may contribute to physician stress and burnout.Objective This pilot study assesses the effectiveness of an experiential learning workshop that was conducted in a clinical setting, and aimed at improving resident physician communication skills with a focus on surrogate decision-making.Methods From April through June 2016, we assessed internal medicine residents' baseline communication skills through an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) with actors representing standardized surrogates. After an intensive, 6-hour communication skills workshop, residents were reassessed via an OSCE on the same day. A faculty facilitator and the surrogate evaluated participants' communication skills via the expanded Gap Kalamazoo Consensus Statement Assessment Form. Wilcoxon signed rank tests (α of .05) compared mean pre- and postworkshop scores.Results Of 44 residents, 33 (75%) participated. Participants' average preworkshop OSCE scores (M = 3.3, SD = 0.9) were significantly lower than postworkshop scores (M = 4.3; SD = 0.8; Z = 4.193; P &lt; .001; effect size r = 0.52). After the workshop, the majority of participants self-reported feeling “more confident.”Conclusions Residents' communication skills specific to surrogate decision-making benefit from focused interventions. Our pilot assessment of a workshop showed promise, and additionally demonstrated the feasibility of bringing OSCEs and simulated encounters into a busy clinical practice.
A Qualitative Study of Determinants of Patient Behaviour Leading to An Infection Related Hospital Admission
Authors: Tonna AP , Weidmann AE , Laing RBS , Tonna I , Macartney GM , Paudyal V , Stewart D 
Published: June 2017

Objectives To describe and understand the determinants of patients’ behaviours surrounding admission to hospital for an acute infective episode Method Patients admitted to the infection or acute medicine admission units of a major Scottish teaching hospital and commenced on antibiotic therapy after admission were included. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted using a pre-piloted interview schedule guide that focused on gathering information about patient behaviours and experiences prior to admission to hospital with an acute infection. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the Framework Approach. Emerging themes were matched to the Theoretical Domains Framework of behavioural determinants. Results Twenty-one patients consented to participate and 18 transcripts were suitable for analysis. The most common infections were those of the skin, soft tissue and respiratory tract. From the patients’ perspectives, behavioural determinants that appeared to impact their admission to hospital were principally their knowledge, beliefs of consequences, the environmental context and resources (mainly out-of-hours services), social influences and their own emotions. Determinants such as knowledge of the signs and symptoms, beliefs of consequences and environmental context were facilitators of health seeking behaviours. The main barriers were a lack of awareness of consequences of infection potentially leading to delayed admission impacting infection severity, stay in secondary care and resource utilisation. Conclusions This study has shown that any initial patient-centred intervention that is proposed to change patient behaviour needs to be based on behavioural determinants emerging in this research. The intervention may include aspects such as patient education on resources available out-of-hours and ways to access the healthcare system, education on recognising signs of infection leading to prompter treatment and positive reinforcement for patients who present with recurrences of infection.
Analysis of imbalanced data set problem: The case of churn prediction for telecommunication
Authors: Gui Chun 
Published: June 2017

Class-imbalanced datasets are common in the field of mobile Internet industry. We tested three kinds of feature selection techniques-Random Forest (RF), Relative Weight (RW) and Standardized Regression Coefficients (SRC); three kinds of balance methods-over-sampling (OS), under-sampling (US) and synthetic minority over-sampling (SMOTE); a widely used classification method-RF. The combined models are composed of feature selection techniques, balancing techniques and classification method. The original dataset which has 45 thousand records and 22 features were used to evaluate the performances of both feature selection and balancing techniques. The experimental results revealed that SRC combined with SMOTE technique attained the minimum value of Cost = 1085. Through the calculation of the Cost on all models, the most important features for minimum cost of telecommunication were identified. The application of these combined models will have the possibility to maximize the profit with the minimum expenditure for customer retention and help reduce customer churn rates.
Confluence does not affect the expression of miR-375 and its direct targets in rat and human insulin-secreting cell lines
Authors: Ofori Jones K. , Malm Helena A. , Mollet Ines G. , Eliasson Lena , Esguerra Jonathan Lou S. 
Published: June 2017

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, which negatively regulate the expression of target genes. They have emerged as important modulators in beta cell compensation upon increased metabolic demand, failure of which leads to reduced insulin secretion and type 2 diabetes. To elucidate the function of miRNAs in beta cells, insulin-secreting cell lines, such as the rat insulinoma INS-1 832/13 and the human EndoC-βH1, are widely used. Previous studies in the cancer field have suggested that miRNA expression is influenced by confluency of adherent cells. We therefore aimed to investigate whether one of the most enriched miRNAs in the pancreatic endocrine cells, miR-375, and two of its validated targets in mouse, Cav1 and Aifm1, were differentially-expressed in cell cultures with different confluences. Additionally, we measured the expression of other miRNAs, such as miR-152, miR-130a, miR-132, miR-212 and miR-200a, with known roles in beta cell function. We did not see any significant expression changes of miR-375 nor any of the two targets, in both the rat and human beta cell lines at different confluences. Interestingly, among the other miRNAs measured, the expression of miR-132 and miR-212 positively correlated with confluence, but only in the INS-1 832/13 cells. Our results show that the expression of miR-375 and other miRNAs with known roles in beta cell function is independent of, or at least minimally influenced by the density of proliferating adherent cells, especially within the confluence range optimal for functional assays to elucidate miRNA-dependent regulatory mechanisms in the beta cell.
The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover Mastcam instruments: Preflight and in‐flight calibration, validation, and data archiving
Authors: Bell J. F. , Godber A. , McNair S. , Caplinger M. A. , Maki J. N. , Lemmon M. T. , Van Beek J. , Malin M. C. , Wellington D. , Kinch K. M. , Madsen M. B. , Hardgrove C. , Ravine M. A. , Jensen E. , Harker D. , Anderson R. B. , Herkenhoff K. E. , Morris R. V. , Cisneros E. , Deen R. G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe NASA Curiosity rover Mast Camera (Mastcam) system is a pair of fixed‐focal length, multispectral, color CCD imagers mounted ~2 m above the surface on the rover's remote sensing mast, along with associated electronics and an onboard calibration target. The left Mastcam (M‐34) has a 34 mm focal length, an instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of 0.22 mrad, and a FOV of 20° × 15° over the full 1648 × 1200 pixel span of its Kodak KAI‐2020 CCD. The right Mastcam (M‐100) has a 100 mm focal length, an IFOV of 0.074 mrad, and a FOV of 6.8° × 5.1° using the same detector. The cameras are separated by 24.2 cm on the mast, allowing stereo images to be obtained at the resolution of the M‐34 camera. Each camera has an eight‐position filter wheel, enabling it to take Bayer pattern red, green, and blue (RGB) “true color” images, multispectral images in nine additional bands spanning ~400–1100 nm, and images of the Sun in two colors through neutral density‐coated filters. An associated Digital Electronics Assembly provides command and data interfaces to the rover, 8 Gb of image storage per camera, 11 bit to 8 bit companding, JPEG compression, and acquisition of high‐definition video. Here we describe the preflight and in‐flight calibration of Mastcam images, the ways that they are being archived in the NASA Planetary Data System, and the ways that calibration refinements are being developed as the investigation progresses on Mars. We also provide some examples of data sets and analyses that help to validate the accuracy and precision of the calibration.
Evolution of microphysical structure of a subtropical squall line observed by a polarimetric radar and a disdrometer during OPACC in Eastern China
Authors: Wen Jing , Zhao Kun , Huang Hao , Zhou Bowen , Yang Zhonglin , Chen Gang , Wang Mingjun , Wen Long , Dai Huaning , Xu Lili , Liu Su , Zhang Guifu , Lee Wen‐Chau 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe evolution of the microphysical structures of a subtropical squall line observed during the Observation, Prediction and Analysis of Severe Convection of China (OPACC) field campaign in Eastern China is documented in this paper. The data collected from a C‐band, polarimetric Doppler radar (reflectivity Z, differential reflectivity ZDR, and specific differential phase KDP) and a disdrometer are used to investigate the variations of microphysical characteristics within the convective region during the formative, intensifying, and mature stages of the squall line. The microphysical characteristics of the squall line are noticeably different among these three stages. When the squall line develops from the formative stage to the mature stage, its radar‐derived drop size distribution (DSD) in the convective region evolves from continental‐like convection to more maritime‐like convection. Contrary to previous studies, the DSD characteristics of a convective line may not be simply locked to a geographical location but varied extensively throughout its life cycle. The polarimetric radar‐derived liquid water content below the freezing level in the convective region is 3 times higher than the ice water content above the freezing level. This, in conjunction with a low cloud base (~0.68 km) and a high freezing level (~5 km), indicates a deep warm cloud layer and the dominance of the warm rain process within this squall line.
An investigation of microphysics and subgrid‐scale variability in warm‐rain clouds using the A‐Train observations and a multiscale modeling framework
Authors: Takahashi Hanii , Lebsock Matthew , Suzuki Kentaroh , Stephens Graeme , Wang Minghuai 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA common problem in climate models is that they are likely to produce rain at a faster rate than is observed and therefore produce too much light rain (e.g., drizzle). Interestingly, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) multiscale modeling framework (MMF), whose warm‐rain formation process is more realistic than other global models, has the opposite problem: the rain formation process in PNNL‐MMF is less efficient than the real world. To better understand the microphysical processes in warm cloud, this study documents the model biases in PNNL‐MMF and evaluates warm cloud properties, subgrid variability, and microphysics, using A‐Train satellite observations to identify sources of model biases in PNNL‐MMF. Like other models PNNL‐MMF underpredicts the warm cloud fraction with compensating large optical depths. Associated with these compensating errors in cloudiness are compensating errors in the precipitation process. For a given liquid water path, clouds in the PNNL‐MMF are less likely to produce rain than are real‐world clouds. However, when the model does produce rain it is able to produce stronger precipitation than reality. As a result PNNL‐MMF produces about the correct mean rain rate with an incorrect distribution of rates. The subgrid variability in PNNL‐MMF is also tested, and results are fairly consistent with observations, suggesting that the possible sources of model biases are likely to be due to errors in its microphysics or dynamics rather than errors in the subgrid‐scale variability produced by the embedded cloud resolving model.
The Mons Rümker volcanic complex of the Moon: A candidate landing site for the Chang'E‐5 mission
Authors: Zhao Jiannan , Xiao Long , Qiao Le , Glotch Timothy D. , Huang Qian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMons Rümker is a large volcanic complex in Oceanus Procellarum on the Moon and is a candidate landing site for China's Chang'E‐5 sample return mission. We conducted a comprehensive study of the topography, geomorphology, composition, and stratigraphy of the Mons Rümker region with multisource remote sensing data in order to better understand the geology of the region and provide further support for the Chang'E‐5 mission. The results show that the Rümker plateau stands 200–1300 m above the surrounding mare surface and 75% of the plateau has a slope of less than 3° at a baseline length of 30 m. Domes are the most prominent volcanic landforms in Mons Rümker and a total of 22 domes were identified and divided into two types that may represent different stages of volcanic activity. Spectral analyses indicated that Mons Rümker is covered by low‐Ti basalt and the dominant mafic mineral is high‐calcium pyroxene, though signs of mixing of highland materials and basalt have been found. Mons Rümker has three main basalt units, and their absolute model ages are 3.71 Ga, 3.58 Ga, and 3.51 Ga, respectively. Steep‐sided domes could be the youngest volcanic features on the plateau with indications that they were active until the Eratosthenian. A new geologic map of the study region was produced and used to interpret and discuss the geologic evolution of the region. Finally, we propose two candidate landing sites for the Chang'E‐5 mission.
Electron dropout echoes induced by interplanetary shock: A statistical study
Authors: Liu Z. Y. , Zong Q.‐G. , Hao Y. X. , Zhou X.‐Z. , Ma X. H. , Liu Y. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract“Electron dropout echo” as indicated by repeated moderate dropout and recovery signatures of the flux of energetic electron in the outer radiation belt region has been investigated systematically. The electron moderate dropout and its echoes are usually found for higher‐energy (>300 keV) channel fluxes, whereas the flux enhancements are obvious for lower energy electrons simultaneously after the interplanetary shock arrives at the Earth's geosynchronous orbit. The electron dropout echo events are found to be usually associated with the interplanetary shocks arrival. The 104 dropout echo events have been found from 215 interplanetary shock events from 1998 to 2007 based on the Los Alamos National Laboratory satellite data. In analogy to substorm injections, these 104 events could be naturally divided into two categories: dispersionless (49 events) or dispersive (55 events) according to the energy dispersion of the initial dropout. It is found that locations of dispersionless events are distributed mainly in the duskside magnetosphere. Further, the obtained locations derived from dispersive events with the time‐of‐flight technique of the initial dropout regions are mainly located at the duskside as well. Statistical studies have shown that the effect of shock normal, interplanetary magnetic field Bz and solar wind dynamic pressure may be insignificant to these electron dropout events. We suggest that the ∼1 min electric field impulse induced by the interplanetary shock produces a more pronounced inward migration of electrons at the duskside, resulting in the observed duskside moderate dropout of electron flux and its consequent echoes.
Can perchlorates be transformed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) products by cosmic rays on the Martian surface?
Authors: Crandall Parker B. , Góbi Sándor , Gillis‐Davis Jeffrey , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDue to their oxidizing properties, perchlorates (ClO4−) are suggested by the planetary science community to play a vital role in the scarcity of organics on the Martian surface. However, alternative oxidation agents such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have received surprisingly little attention. In this study, samples of magnesium perchlorate hexahydrate (Mg(ClO4)2 · 6H2O) were exposed to monoenergetic electrons and D2+ ions separately, sequentially, and simultaneously to probe the effects of galactic cosmic ray exposure of perchlorates and the potential incorporation of hydrogen (deuterium) into these minerals. The experiments were carried out under ultrahigh‐vacuum conditions at 50 K, after which the samples were slowly heated to 300 K while the subliming products were monitored by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. In all cases, molecular oxygen (O2) was detected upon the onset of irradiation and also during the warmup phase. In case of a simultaneous D2+‐electron exposure, deuterated water (D2O) and deuterium peroxide (D2O2) were also detected in the warmup phase, whereas only small amounts of D2O2 were found after an exclusive D2+ irradiation. These experiments yield the first data identifying hydrogen peroxide as a potential product in the interaction of cosmic rays with perchlorates in the Martian regolith revealing that perchlorates are capable of producing multiple oxidizing agents (O2 and D2O2) that may account for the destruction of organics on the Martian surface.
Biochemistry of Terpenoids: Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, Diterpenes, Sterols, Cardiac Glycosides and Steroid Saponins
Authors: Gershenzon Jonathan , Kreis Wolfgang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areThe Basic Pathway of Terpenoid Biosynthesis and the Formation and Function ofC5‐C20Terpenoid MetabolitesSterols, Cardiac Glycosides and Steroid SaponinsAcknowledgements
The Rubisco Activase–Rubisco System: AnATPase‐Dependent Association that Regulates Photosynthesis
Authors: Portis Archie R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionStructure of Rubisco and the ActivaseActivities and Mechanism of ActivaseRegulation of the Activase and RubiscoFuture PerspectivesAcknowledgements
14‐3‐3 Protein: Effectors of Enzyme Function
Authors: Sehnke Paul C. , Ferl Robert J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionStructure and Biochemical Characterization of 14‐3‐3 ProteinsPlant 14‐3‐3 Protein Families and OrganizationMode of Action of 14‐3‐3 Proteins14‐3‐3 Proteins and the Regulation of Metabolic Enzymes14‐3‐3 Proteins and the Regulation of Non‐Metabolic EnzymesIsoform Preference for 14‐3‐3 Target ProteinsLocalization of Plant 14‐3‐3 sPotential 14‐3‐3 Binding Partners in PlantsConclusionAcknowledgements
The Higher Plant Chaperonins
Authors: Sharkia Rajach , Viitanen Paul , Levy‐Rimler Galit , Weiss Celeste , Niv Adina , Azem Abdussalam 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areChaperoninsTypeIChaperoninsTypeIIChaperoninsConcluding RemarksAcknowledgments
Receptor Kinases
Authors: Allan Andrew C. , Hudson Keith 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionA Survey of the Mechanistic Classes of Receptor Kinases in PlantsTowards an Understanding of Receptor Like Kinase Function(s)Toward Understanding Receptor Histidine Kinase FunctionIdentification of Ligands and Downstream ElementsComparison of Similar Proteins in Animal CellsConclusions
TMSCF3 as a Convenient Source of CF2=CF2 for Pentafluoroethylation, (Aryloxy)tetrafluoroethylation, and Tetrafluoroethylation
Authors: Li Lingchun , Ni Chuanfa , Xie Qiqiang , Hu Mingyou , Wang Fei , Hu Jinbo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA new method for the on‐site preparation of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and a procedure for its efficient use in pentafluoroethylation by fluoride addition were developed by using a simple two‐chamber system. The on‐site preparation of TFE was accomplished by dimerization of difluorocarbene derived from (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF3) under mild conditions. Other fluoroalkylation reactions, such as (aryloxy)tetrafluoroethylation and tetrafluoroethylation processes, were also achieved using a similar approach. This work not only demonstrates a convenient and safe approach for the generation and use of TFE in academic laboratories, but also provides a new strategy for pentafluoroethylation.
Ladder‐type Heteroarenes: Up to 15 Rings with Five Imide Groups
Authors: Wang Yingfeng , Guo Han , Ling Shaohua , Arrechea‐Marcos Iratxe , Wang Yuxi , López Navarrete Juan Teodomiro , Ortiz Rocio Ponce , Guo Xugang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA series of novel imide‐functionalized ladder‐type heteroarenes with well‐defined structure and controllable conjugation lengths were synthesized and characterized. The synthetic route shows remarkable efficacy for constructing the electron‐deficient ladder backbones. π‐Conjugation extension leads to narrowed band gaps with enhanced electron affinities. The ladder arenes are incorporated into organic thin‐film transistors, and show encouraging electron mobilities of 0.013–0.045 cm2 V−1 s−1. The heteroarenes reported here provide a remarkable platform for fundamental physicochemical studies and materials innovation in organic electronics.
Screening of Polish Fir Honeydew Honey Using GC/MS, HPLC‐DAD, and Physical‐Chemical Parameters: Benzene Derivatives and Terpenes as Chemical Markers
Authors: Kuś Piotr M. , Jerković Igor , Marijanović Zvonimir , Tuberoso Carlo I. G. 
Published: June 2017

GC/MS of headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS‐SPME) and solvent extractives along with targeted HPLC‐DAD of Polish fir (Abies alba Mill.) honeydew honey (FHH), were used to determine the chemical profiles and potential markers of botanical origin. Additionally, typical physical‐chemical parameters were also assigned. The values determined for FHH were: conductivity (1.2 mS/cm), water content (16.7 g/100 g), pH (4.5), and CIE chromaticity coordinates (L* = 48.4, a* = 20.6, b* = 69.7, C* = 72.9, and h° = 73.5). FHH contained moderate‐high total phenolic content (533.2 mg GAE/kg) and antioxidant activity (1.1 mmol TEAC/kg) and (3.2 mmol Fe2+/kg) in DPPH and FRAP assays. The chemical profiles were dominated by source plant‐originated benzene derivatives: 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (up to 8.7 mg/kg, HPLC/honey solution), methyl syringate (up to 14.5%, GC/solvent extracts) or benzaldehyde (up to 43.7%, GC/headspace). Other markers were terpenes including norisoprenoid (4‐hydroxy‐3,5,6‐trimethyl‐4‐(3‐oxobut‐1‐enyl)cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐one, up to 20.3%, GC/solvent extracts) and monoterpenes, mainly linalool derivatives (up to 49%, GC/headspace) as well as borneol (up to 5.9%, GC/headspace). The application of various techniques allowed comprehensive characterisation of FHH. 4‐Hydroxy‐3,5,6‐trimethyl‐4‐(3‐oxobut‐1‐enyl)cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐one, coniferyl alcohol, borneol, and benzaldehyde were first time proposed for FHH screening. Protocatechuic acid may be a potential marker of FFH regardless of the geographical origin.