bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing clinical responses and the biomarkers of BDNF and cytokines between subthreshold bipolar disorder and bipolar II disorder
Authors: Wang Tzu-Yun , Lee Sheng-Yu , Chen Shiou-Lan , Chang Yun-Hsuan , Wang Liang-Jen , Chen Po See , Chen Shih-Heng , Chu Chun-Hsien , Huang San-Yuan , Tzeng Nian-Sheng , Li Chia-Ling , Chung Yi-Lun , Hsieh Tsai-Hsin , Lee I Hui , Chen Kao Chin , Yang Yen Kuang , Hong Jau-Shyong , Lu Ru-Band 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPatients with subthreshold hypomania (SBP; subthreshold bipolar disorder) were indistinguishable from those with bipolar disorder (BP)-II on clinical bipolar validators, but their analyses lacked biological and pharmacological treatment data. Because inflammation and neuroprogression underlies BP, we hypothesized that cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are biomarkers for BP. We enrolled 41 drug-naïve patients with SBP and 48 with BP-II undergoing 12 weeks of pharmacological treatment (valproic acid, fluoxetine, risperidone, lorazepam). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were used to evaluate clinical responses at baseline and at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12. Inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α, transforming growth factor [TGF]-β1, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8 and IL-1β) and BDNF levels were also measured. Mixed models repeated measurement was used to examine the therapeutic effect and changes in BDNF and cytokine levels between the groups. HDRS and YMRS scores significantly (P < 0.001) declined in both groups, the SBP group had significantly lower levels of BDNF (P = 0.005) and TGF-β1 (P = 0.02). Patients with SBP and BP-II respond similarly to treatment, but SBP patients may have different neuroinflammation marker expression.
Complexity and Specificity of the Neutrophil Transcriptomes in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Hu Zihua , Jiang Kaiyu , Frank Mark Barton , Chen Yanmin , Jarvis James N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNIH projects such as ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenomics have revealed surprising complexity in the transcriptomes of mammalian cells. In this study, we explored transcriptional complexity in human neutrophils, cells generally regarded as nonspecific in their functions and responses. We studied distinct human disease phenotypes and found that, at the gene, gene isoform, and miRNA level, neutrophils exhibit considerable specificity in their transcriptomes. Thus, even cells whose responses are considered non-specific show tailoring of their transcriptional repertoire toward specific physiologic or pathologic contexts. We also found that miRNAs had a global impact on neutrophil transcriptome and are associated with innate immunity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). These findings have important implications for our understanding of the link between genes, non-coding transcripts and disease phenotypes.
Stromal fibroblasts derived from mammary gland of bovine with mastitis display inflammation-specific changes
Authors: Chen Qing , He Guiliang , Zhang Wenyao , Xu Tong , Qi Hongliang , Li Jing , Zhang Yong , Gao Ming-Qing 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFibroblasts are predominant components of mammary stromal cells and play crucial roles in the development and involution of bovine mammary gland; however, whether these cells contribute to mastitis has not been demonstrated. Thus, we have undertaken biological and molecular characterization of inflammation-associated fibroblasts (INFs) extracted from bovine mammary glands with clinical mastitis and normal fibroblasts (NFs) from slaughtered dairy cows because of fractured legs during lactation. The functional contributions of INFs to normal epithelial cells were also investigated by using an in vitro co-culture model. We present evidence that the INFs were activated fibroblasts and showed inflammation-related features. Moreover, INFs significantly inhibited the proliferation and β-casein secretion of epithelial cells, as well as upregulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8 in epithelial cells. These findings indicate that functional alterations can occur in stromal fibroblasts within the bovine mammary gland during mastitis, demonstrating the importance of stromal fibroblasts in bovine mastitis and its treatment.
An Unroofing Method to Observe the Cytoskeleton Directly at Molecular Resolution Using Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Usukura Eiji , Narita Akihiro , Yagi Akira , Ito Shuichi , Usukura Jiro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn improved unroofing method enabled the cantilever of an atomic force microscope (AFM) to reach directly into a cell to visualize the intracellular cytoskeletal actin filaments, microtubules, clathrin coats and caveolae in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at a higher resolution than conventional electron microscopy. All of the actin filaments clearly exhibited a short periodicity of approximately 5–6 nm, which was derived from globular actins linked to each other to form filaments, as well as a long helical periodicity. The polarity of the actin filaments appeared to be determined by the shape of the periodic striations. Microtubules were identified based on their thickness. Clathrin coats and caveolae were observed on the cytoplasmic surface of cell membranes. The area containing clathrin molecules and their terminal domains was directly visualized. Characteristic ridge structures located at the surface of the caveolae were observed at high resolution, similar to those observed with electron microscopy (EM). Overall, unroofing allowed intracellular AFM imaging in a liquid environment with a level of quality equivalent or superior to that of EM. Thus, AFMs are anticipated to provide cutting-edge findings in cell biology and histology.
Transmission of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease and Its Potential Driving Factors in Hong Kong
Authors: Yang Bingyi , Lau Eric H. Y. , Wu Peng , Cowling Benjamin J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood disease with substantial disease burden in Asia. Mixed results were reported on the associations between HFMD incidence and meteorological factors or school holidays, while limited studies focused on their association on transmissibility. We aimed to measure the transmissibility of HFMD and to examine its potential driving factors in Hong Kong. A likelihood-based procedure was used to estimate time-dependent effective reproduction number (Rt) based on weekly number of HFMD-associated hospitalizations from 2010 to 2014. The associations of between-year effects, depletion of susceptibles, absolute humidity and school holidays with Rt were examined using linear regression. Rt usually started increasing between early spring and summer and peaked in April to May at around 1.1–1.2, followed by a slight rebound in autumn. Depletion of susceptibles and between-years effects explained most of the variances (19 and 13% respectively) in Rt. We found a negative association between depletion of susceptibles and Rt (coefficients ranged from −0.14 to −0.03 for different years), but the estimated effects of absolute humidity and school holidays were insignificant. Overall, HFMD transmission was moderate in Hong Kong and was mainly associated with depletion of susceptibles. Limited impact was suggested from meteorological factors and school holidays.
Reversing diet-induced metabolic dysregulation by diet switching leads to altered hepatic de novo lipogenesis and glycerolipid synthesis
Authors: Kowalski Greg M. , Hamley Steven , Selathurai Ahrathy , Kloehn Joachim , De Souza David P. , O’Callaghan Sean , Nijagal Brunda , Tull Dedreia L. , McConville Malcolm J. , Bruce Clinton R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn humans, low-energy diets rapidly reduce hepatic fat and improve/normalise glycemic control. Due to difficulties in obtaining human liver, little is known about changes to the lipid species and pathway fluxes that occur under these conditions. Using a combination of stable isotope and targeted metabolomic approaches we investigated the acute (7–9 days) hepatic effects of switching high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFD) fed obese mice back to a chow diet. Upon the switch, energy intake was reduced, resulting in reductions of fat mass and hepatic triacyl- and diacylglycerol. However, these parameters were still elevated compared to chow fed mice, thus representing an intermediate phenotype. Nonetheless, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia were completely normalized. The diet reversal resulted in marked reductions in hepatic de novo lipogenesis when compared to the chow and HFD groups. Compared with HFD, glycerolipid synthesis was reduced in the reversal animals, however it remained elevated above that of chow controls, indicating that despite experiencing a net loss in lipid stores, the liver was still actively esterifying available fatty acids at rates higher than that in chow control mice. This effect likely promotes the re-esterification of excess free fatty acids released from the breakdown of adipose depots during the weight loss period.
Advanced uracil DNA glycosylase-supplemented real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (UDG-rRT-LAMP) method for universal and specific detection of Tembusu virus
Authors: Tang Yi , Chen Hao , Diao Youxiang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTembusu virus (TMUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus which threatens both poultry production and public health. In this study we developed a complete open reading frame alignment-based rRT-LAMP method for the universal detection of TUMV. To prevent false-positive results, the reaction was supplemented with uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) to eliminate carryover contamination. The detection limit of the newly developed UDG-rRT-LAMP for TMUV was as low as 100 copies/reaction of viral RNA and 1 × 100.89 − 1 × 101.55 tissue culture infectious dose/100 μL of viruses. There were no cross-reactions with other viruses, and the reproducibility of the assay was confirmed by intra- and inter-assay tests with variability ranging from 0.22–3.33%. The new UDG-rRT-LAMP method for TMUV produced the same results as viral isolation combined with RT-PCR as the “gold standard” in 96.88% of cases for 81 clinical samples from subjects with suspected TMUV infection. The addition of UDG can eliminate as much as 1 × 10−16 g/reaction of contaminants, which can significantly reduce the likelihood of false-positive results during the rRT-LAMP reaction. Our result indicated that our UDG-rRT-LAMP is a rapid, sensitive, specific, and reliable method that can effectively prevent carryover contamination in the detection of TMUV.
Higher reward value of starvation imagery in anorexia nervosa and association with the Val66Met BDNF polymorphism
Authors: Clarke J , Ramoz N , Fladung A-K , Gorwood P 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRecent studies support the idea that abnormalities of the reward system contribute to onset and maintenance of anorexia nervosa (AN). Next to cues coding for overweight, other research suggest cues triggering the proposed starvation dependence to be pivotally involved in the AN pathogenesis. We assessed the characteristics of the cognitive, emotional and physiologic response toward disease-specific pictures of female body shapes, in adult AN patients compared with healthy control (HC) women. Frequency and amplitude of skin conductance response (SCR) in 71 patients with AN and 20 HC were registered during processing of stimuli of three weight categories (over-, under- and normal weight). We then assessed the role of the Val66Met BDNF polymorphism as a potential intermediate factor. AN patients reported more positive feelings during processing of underweight stimuli and more negative feelings for normal- and overweight stimuli. The SCR showed a group effect (P=0.007), AN patients showing overall higher frequency of the response. SCR within patients was more frequent during processing of underweight stimuli compared with normal- and overweight stimuli. The Met allele of the BDNF gene was not more frequent in patients compared with controls, but was associated to an increased frequency of SCR (P=0.008) in response to cues for starvation. A higher positive value of starvation, rather than more negative one of overweight, might more accurately define females with AN. The Met allele of the BDNF gene could partly mediate the higher reward value of starvation observed in AN.
Ein Hoch auf den Wagemut
Authors: Kohrs Jens 
Published: June 2016

Wer Dinge bewegen und verändern möchte, muss etwas wagen. Genau das haben die FKT-Verantwortlichen mit ihrem Messedebüt in Gelsenkirchen im April getan. Angesichts der Vielzahl an etablierten Messen, Kongressen, Fachtagungen und Symposien im Gesundheitssektor hätte das mit dem Wagnis, ein neues, eigenes Branchentreffen zu initiieren, leicht schief gehen können – ist es aber nicht. Gratulation, nur wer wagt … – aber das kennen Sie ja.Pioniergeist zeigen auch 50 Klimamanager, die sich in ihren Kliniken dem Energiesparen widmen. Dabei geht es auch darum, eigene Spielräume auszunutzen und die Regeln hier und da einmal etwas weiter auszulegen – natürlich immer im Rahmen des Erlaubten. Vielleicht – Achtung, Wortspiel – macht es dann ja auch bei den Kollegen oder Vorgesetzten „KLIK“ (Auflösung ab Seite 23).Weniger Spielraum, dafür mehr Handlungsdruck offenbart sich beim Blick auf die Brandschutz-Strategien vieler Kliniken. Wer Menschen wie Thomas Nöckel genau zuhört (Seite 31), kann ziemlich unruhig werden. Aber der Risikomanager zeigt auch Wege aus der Gefahrenzone. In diesem Sinne: Verlieren Sie Ihre Ziele nicht aus den Augen – und seien Sie mutig.
High-Resolution Sonography as an Additional Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool to Monitor Disease Activity in Leprosy: A Two-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Chaduvula Meher , Visser Leo , Suneetha Sujai , Suneetha Lavanya , Devaraju Balakrishna , Ellanti Ramesh , Raju Renuka , Jain Suman 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Purpose Early diagnosis and treatment of leprosy and leprosy reactions are essential to prevent stigmatizing deformities and disability. Although the incidence of leprosy has decreased enormously, grade 2 disability due to nerve injury has remained the same. New tools are needed to better diagnose and monitor leprosy reactions and associated neuritis and this study assessed whether high-resolution sonography (HRUS) can be used as such a tool.
Materials and Methods During a prospective follow-up period of 2 years at regular intervals, we performed clinical examination to assess sensory and motor function and HRUS of the four main peripheral nerves in 57 patients, of whom 36 were with reactions and 21 were without reactions. Normative data of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of these nerves were obtained from 55 healthy subjects (HS). Color Doppler (CD) was used to study blood flow in the nerves.
Results At the baseline visit and during follow-up, all four nerves were significantly thicker in patients with leprosy reactions in comparison to HS (p < 0.0001) and to a lesser extent also in comparison to patients without reactions ranging from a p-value of < 0.05 to < 0.0001 in the different nerves tested. During follow-up, the nerve size did not change significantly in patients without reactions, while it decreased significantly in patients with reactions. At baseline, endoneural blood flow was present only in patients with reactions. This occurred in 20 of the 36 (55 %) patients (49 nerves) and decreased to only 1 patient (2.7 %) at the end of the follow-up period.
Conclusion This prospective study demonstrates the ability of HRUS to monitor disease activity and the effect of treatment in patients with leprosy reactions by determining changes in nerve size and vascularity, which are indicators of peripheral nerve involvement and damage.
Stretching the boundaries: language learning psychology
Authors: Mercer Sarah , Ryan Stephen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this article, we trace the story of a newly emerging field of study and the role of interdisciplinarity in its development. As the name suggests, the psychology of language learning is a field that connects the two disciplines of psychology and language learning, but it also encompasses other disciplines as diverse as communication studies, education studies and cultural studies. As a recognizable, independent field of enquiry with an established community of scholars, it is still in its infancy. However, its short history reveals key issues relating to the nature of interdisciplinarity and the struggles of a new interdiscipline to emerge and gain acceptance. We hope that this article will simultaneously serve as a call to like-minded scholars in our field to adopt a more overtly interdisciplinary approach and as a plea for recognition and support within the established community of interdisciplinarians. Although our core narrative may be a familiar one to expert interdisciplinarians, we still believe that the specifics of our account represent an original contribution to understanding the processes of an emerging interdiscipline. To help position this article and the discussions within, we will begin with a brief overview of the development of the field, discussing some of the reasons behind its emergence and identifying key characteristics. We will then discuss the attractions of such an interdisciplinary field of research and reflect on the challenges facing those working in this area. We will conclude by proposing an agenda to help promote future interdisciplinary research into the psychology of language learning. This article is published as part of a collection on interdisciplinarity.
Ancient mtDNA sequences from the First Australians revisited
Authors: Heupink Tim H. , Subramanian Sankar , Wright Joanne L. , Endicott Phillip , Westaway Michael Carrington , Huynen Leon , Parson Walther , Millar Craig D. , Willerslev Eske , Lambert David M. 
Published: June 2016

Significance
This report is the first publication, to our knowledge, to report the complete mitochondrial genome of an ancient Aboriginal Australian. In addition, it also provides important evidence about the reliability of the only previous publication of this kind. The paper attained international significance, although its conclusions have remained controversial. Using second generation DNA sequencing methods, we provide strong evidence that the DNA sequences reported by Adcock et al. were, indeed, contamination. Our manuscript is also important, because the research was planned and conducted and is published with the support of the Barkindji, Ngiyampaa, and Muthi Muthi indigenous groups.
Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans
Authors: Hofmanová Zuzana , Kreutzer Susanne , Hellenthal Garrett , Sell Christian , Diekmann Yoan , Díez-del-Molino David , van Dorp Lucy , López Saioa , Kousathanas Athanasios , Link Vivian , Kirsanow Karola , Cassidy Lara M. , Martiniano Rui , Strobel Melanie , Scheu Amelie , Kotsakis Kostas , Halstead Paul , Triantaphyllou Sevi , Kyparissi-Apostolika Nina , Urem-Kotsou Dushka , Ziota Christina , Adaktylou Fotini , Gopalan Shyamalika , Bobo Dean M. , Winkelbach Laura , Blöcher Jens , Unterländer Martina , Leuenberger Christoph , Çilingiroğlu Çiler , Horejs Barbara , Gerritsen Fokke , Shennan Stephen J. , Bradley Daniel G. , Currat Mathias , Veeramah Krishna R. , Wegmann Daniel , Thomas Mark G. , Papageorgopoulou Christina , Burger Joachim 
Published: June 2016

Significance
One of the most enduring and widely debated questions in prehistoric archaeology concerns the origins of Europe’s earliest farmers: Were they the descendants of local hunter-gatherers, or did they migrate from southwestern Asia, where farming began? We recover genome-wide DNA sequences from early farmers on both the European and Asian sides of the Aegean to reveal an unbroken chain of ancestry leading from central and southwestern Europe back to Greece and northwestern Anatolia. Our study provides the coup de grâce to the notion that farming spread into and across Europe via the dissemination of ideas but without, or with only a limited, migration of people.
Scaling identity connects human mobility and social interactions
Authors: Deville Pierre , Song Chaoming , Eagle Nathan , Blondel Vincent D. , Barabási Albert-László , Wang Dashun 
Published: June 2016

SignificanceBoth our mobility and communication patterns obey spatial constraints: Most of the time, our trips or communications occur over a short distance, and occasionally, we take longer trips or call a friend who lives far away. These spatial dependencies, best described as power laws, play a consequential role in broad areas ranging from how an epidemic spreads to diffusion of ideas and information. Here we established the first formal link, to our knowledge, between mobility and communication patterns by deriving a scaling relationship connecting them. The uncovered scaling theory not only allows us to derive human movements from communication volumes, or vice versa, but it also documents a new degree of regularity that helps deepen our quantitative understanding of human behavior.
Directed vaccination against pneumococcal disease
Authors: Li Yi , Hill Andrew , Beitelshees Marie , Shao Shuai , Lovell Jonathan F. , Davidson Bruce A. , Knight Paul R. , Hakansson Anders P. , Pfeifer Blaine A. , Jones Charles H. 
Published: June 2016

Significance
Pneumococcal disease represents a global health problem, especially for the young, the elderly, and the resource-limited. Disease progression begins with asymptomatic nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization before subsequent dissemination and disease (pneumonia, sepsis, and middle ear infection). Analysis of this transition from colonization to disease provided antigens that were tested in this study for directed vaccination against only the virulent subset of pneumococci. In so doing, a “smart” vaccine was sought that would address this disease broadly, effectively, and selectively.
Leaping eels electrify threats, supporting Humboldt’s account of a battle with horses
Authors: Catania Kenneth C. 
Published: June 2016

Significance
Electric eels are shown to leap from the water to directly electrify threats. This shocking behavior likely allows electric eels to defend themselves during the Amazonian dry season, when they may be found in small pools and in danger of predation. The results support Alexander von Humboldt’s story of electric eels attacking horses that had been herded into a muddy pool during the dry season in 1800. The finding highlights sophisticated behaviors that have evolved in concert with the eel’s powerful electrical organs.
Measurement of background gamma radiation in the northern Marshall Islands
Authors: Bordner Autumn S. , Crosswell Danielle A. , Katz Ainsley O. , Shah Jill T. , Zhang Catherine R. , Nikolic-Hughes Ivana , Hughes Emlyn W. , Ruderman Malvin A. 
Published: June 2016

Significance
Sixty-seven nuclear tests were conducted on two atolls in the northern Marshall Islands between 1946 and 1958. These tests produced radioactive fallout, which even today gives rise to radiation measurable above naturally occurring background levels. Rather than obtain new data, recent estimates of contamination levels in the northern Marshall Islands use measurements made decades ago to calculate present radiation levels. In contrast, we report on timely measurements on three different atolls, and also provide detailed fits and simulated maps across several islands, including the islands of Bikini and Rongelap. Bikini and Rongelap Islands are of particular interest as they are relevant to the discussion of human resettlement; indeed, our radiation values for Bikini Island are higher than those previously reported.