bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of vehicle exhaust PM emissions using high-resolution on-road measurements in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Son Jihwan , Kim Yeosook , Lee Heesun , Seo Minjeong , Choi Yuri , Park JinA , Choi Yongsuk , Park Ju-Sung , Lee Gangwoong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn megacities, road traffic is a major source of particulate matter (PM), requiring a critical understanding of effective air pollution control. Despite existing methods to determine PM emission factors (EFs) of vehicles, accurate estimation of PM emissions under real driving conditions remains challenging. We aimed to assess the EFs of organic aerosol (OA) and equivalent black carbon (eBC) from vehicles through on-road measurements in Seoul, Korea, to understand real-world PM emissions. We used a mobile laboratory equipped with an aerosol mass spectrometer and an aethalometer to measure the composition of PM. On-road measurements were conducted in vehicle tunnels, urban roadways, and residential areas, and the characteristics of measurement points were compared and analyzed. Our results showed that concentrations of OA increased proportionally with the influence of vehicle exhaust, while oxidation states of the OA decreased. Mobile measurements revealed spatial heterogeneities in aerosols, highlighting distinct characteristics of fresh OA on vehicle roads and elevated oxidation state values in residential areas. Active nitrate formation near vehicles led to elevated NO3 concentrations on roads compared to residential areas. Our study shows that mobile PM measurements, including OA and eBC, are valuable for the direct evaluation of emission inventories. However, given that the calculated EFs may not be applicable to other cities due to differences in vehicle composition and traffic conditions, the development of city-specific EFs will be necessary in the future. Furthermore, it is recommended to integrate this methodology with conventional emission inventories to identify vehicle-type-specific emissions.
Graphical Abstract
Examination of the literature on SDG 14-IUU-trade and maritime security
Authors: Oral Ferhan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe capacity of coastal nations to achieve some of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations is being impeded by the practice of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. There has also been an observed overlap between IUU fishing and other forms of transnational organized crime (TOC) at sea. One of the SDGs which are impacted by the unlawful trade in IUU fishing is SDG-14 (Life Below Water). Unsustainable and unregulated trade practices can result in overexploitation of marine resources, all of which are detrimental to SDG-14's goals. In this study, SDG-14 link with IUU, and maritime security is examined within the scope of its effect on maritime trade. The first research objective is to explore the link among those concepts by examining the literature via VOSviewer software and deducing and interpreting the results. The second objective is to examine and review the existing solutions proposed for addressing IUU and, consequently, SDG-14, with the assistance of MAXQDA software. In order to achieve the first objective, articles were sourced from the Web of Science (WoS) which indicated a correlation between SDG-14, IUU, trade and maritime security. In order to achieve the second objective, 12 articles were selected among those for analysis. This research addresses a gap as one of the studies purely focuses on the maritime security dimension of the implementation of SDG-14 -especially SDG-14.4- in terms of preventing IUU. It is concluded that there is a strong link between IUU-SDG-14 and maritime security and that prioritisation should be given among measures to tackle the fight against IUU fishing in order to achieve SDG-14 goals.
Optimizing psychotherapies for perinatal depressive symptom dimensions by strengthening social support networks: an exploratory mediation analysis approach
Authors: Waqas Ahmed , Sikander Siham , Malik Abid , Atif Najia , Rahman Atif 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Thinking Healthy Program (THP) is a multicomponent low-intensity cognitive behavioral therapy-based psychosocial intervention. This intervention has been shown to be clinically effective in perinatal depression (PND) and feasible for implementation in low-resourced settings. It has also been shown to work universally for different phenotypes of PND. However, the mechanism through which THP resolves different phenotypes of PND are unclear. The present investigation presents secondary mediation analyses of a dataset curated from a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in Pakistan assessing the effectiveness of the THP. Women aged 16–45 years in their third pregnancy trimester, with a diagnosis of PND, underwent 16 sessions of the intervention. The severity of depression was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). 2-1-1 mediation models revealed that social support exerted significant mediation in driving the intervention effects for improving the severity of depressive symptoms on the HDRS [B (SE) = 0.45 (0.09), 95% CI: 0.30–0.60] and its symptom dimensions of core emotional symptoms [B (SE) = 0.27 (0.06), 95% CI: 0.18–0.37], somatic symptoms [B (SE) = 0.24 (0.04), 95% CI: 0.16–0.31] and insomnia symptoms [B (SE) = 0.04 (0.02), 95% CI: 0.02–0.07].
Cognitive social capital and geriatric depression: A community-based case-control study among the rural elderly people of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Ziaul , Prue Ely , Farjana Sharmin , Al Fidah Md. Fuad , Efa Syeda Sumaiya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Geriatric depression results in additional difficulties for older people and their residing society. The case-control study intended to assess the association between cognitive social capital and depression in rural older people.

Methods
We conducted this study from January to December 2020 among 420 rural tenants aged ≥60 years in Bangladesh. We enrolled 210 older persons with depression as cases and another 210 without depression as controls. We used a semi-structured questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and a cluster sampling technique to collect data through face-to-face interviews. We performed quality control checks and followed all ethics guidelines.

Findings
Geriatric depression had a significant association with gender (p = 0.006), marital status (p < 0.001), education (p < 0.001), occupation (p = 0.001), family type (p < 0.001), family size (p < 0.001), number of family members (p < 0.001), and monthly family income (p < 0.001) of the rural older adults. Both interpersonal trust (p < 0.001) and reciprocity (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with geriatric depression. The older adults who didn’t believe in interpersonal trust (OR = 6.8, p = 0.002) and who disagreed with reciprocity (OR = 31.1, p < 0.001) were more likely to have depression.

Implications
The study findings can contribute to formulating cognitive social capital policy and interventions to promote the psychological well-being of rural older people by alleviating geriatric depression.
Vaccine Procurement: The Changes Needed to Close Access Gaps and Achieve Health Equity in Routine and Pandemic Settings
Authors: Harmon Shawn H.E. , Kholina Ksenia , Graham Janice E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVaccines are not the only public health tool, but they are critical in routine and emergency settings. Achieving optimal vaccination rates requires timely access to vaccines. However, we have persistently failed to secure, distribute, and administer vaccines in a timely, effective, and equitable manner despite an enduring rhetoric of global health equity.
Supreme Court Impacts in Public Health Law: 2023-2024
Authors: Hodge James G. , Piatt Jennifer L. , White Erica N. , Barraza Leila F. , Berthiaume Kyrah M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn a “mixed bag” 2023-2024 session, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a series of decisions both favorable and antithetical to public health and safety. Taking on tough constitutional issues implicating gun control, misinformation, and homelessness, the Court also avoided substantive reviews in favor of procedural dismissals in key cases involving reproductive rights and government censorship.
Medical-Legal Partnerships and Legal Regimes: A Health Justice Perspective
Authors: Bhatnagar Prashasti 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMedical-legal partnerships (MLPs) attempt to integrate the social determinants of health into health care delivery to eliminate health inequities. Yet, MLPs have not fully adapted to identify and address structural racism, one of the root causes of health inequities. This article provides a health justice perspective on the role of MLPs to challenge legal regimes to address structural racism and reimagine systems rooted in joy, safety, and collective liberation.
“A Double-Edged Sword”: A Brief History of Genomic Data Governance and Genetic Researcher Perspectives on Data Sharing
Authors: Spector-Bagdady Kayte , Ryan Kerry A. , McGuire Amy L. , Krenz Chris D. , Trinidad M. Grace , Jaffe Kaitlyn , Greene Amanda , Denard Thomas J. , Kent Madison , Morain Stephanie , Wilborn David , Scott Roberts J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs the federal government continues to expand upon and improve its data sharing policies over the past 20 years, complex challenges remain. Our interviews with U.S. academic genetic researchers (n=23) found that the burden, translation, industry limitations, and consent structure of data sharing remain major governance challenges.
Medical-Legal Partnership Education Impacts Resident Physician Competencies Relating to Social Drivers of Health
Authors: Swallow Madisen A. , Kala Shashwat , O’Malley Shannon , Rosenthal Alice , Fenick Ada M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMedical-legal partnerships (MLPs) support patients and clinicians by streamlining legal and medical care and helping identify and address a subset of social drivers of health (SDOH). Less is known on the effect of MLPs on the competency of residents regarding SDOH. The aim of this study was to identify how integration of an MLP into a pediatric residency training program affected residents’ experience understanding and addressing SDOH.
Ethical and Legal Issues in COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing: A Case Study of A Large Academic Public Health Partnership
Authors: White Lexi C. , Meyer Laura G. , Jehn Megan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn an effort to respond to the large surge in COVID-19 cases in Arizona that began between May and July 2020, the Arizona State University (ASU) Student Outbreak Response Team (SORT) formed a remote, volunteer-based case investigation team that worked in partnership with a local public health department through delegated public health authority.
We Have All the Time in the World: The Law and Ethics of Time-Limited Interventions in Clinical Care
Authors: Johnson Samantha R. , Sivertsen Elizabeth 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe authors consider the legal and ethical considerations of offering a time-limited trial of a potentially non-beneficial intervention in the setting of patient or surrogate requests to pursue aggressive treatment. The likelihood of an intervention’s success is rarely a zero-sum game, and an intervention’s risk-to-benefit ratio may be indiscernible without further information (often, a matter of time).
Geochemical characteristic of the Lutetian black shale (Bayburt, NE-Turkey): amount, nature, origin of organic matter and palaeo-environment conditions
Authors: Saydam Eker Çiğdem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To define the amount, thermal maturity and type of organic matter (OM), a comprehensive analysis of major and trace elements, organic carbon isotope and organic geochemistry was conducted on Lutetian black shales found in the Everek (Bayburt) region of northeastern Turkey. Total organic carbon (TOC) levels in the shale samples range from 0.62% to 6.75%, and type II–III to type III kerogen is generated, displaying a combination of high terrigenous and low marine OM. The δ13C values (ranging from –28.22‰ to –28.23‰), aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (methyl phenanthrene, dibenzothiophene, tri-aromatic and monoaromatic steroids), saturated hydrocarbon compounds (sterane and terpane), acyclic isoprenoids, n-alkane distribution (n-C13–n-C36) and inorganic geochemical characterization support that the black shales were deposited in a terrestrial-marine transition environment and had a high proportion of terrestrial OM with small amounts of marine OM preserved in relatively arid to hot climate and oxic to suboxic conditions. The analysis of biomarker thermal maturity markers, Tmax (ranging from 449–458 oC) and estimated vitrinite reflectance (varying from 0.92 to 1.08%) values suggest that the black shales have reached the oil window. As a result, black shales are thought to contain low to high amounts of TOC, have a mixed kerogen type, reach a high thermal maturity level and produce little hydrocarbons.
ON WELL-POSED BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND ENERGY STABLE FINITE-VOLUME METHOD FOR THE LINEAR SHALLOW WATER WAVE EQUATION
Authors: PRIHANDOKO RUDI , DURU KENNETH , ROBERTS STEPHEN , ZOPPOU CHRISTOPHER 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe derive and analyse well-posed boundary conditions for the linear shallow water wave equation. The analysis is based on the energy method and it identifies the number, location and form of the boundary conditions so that the initial boundary value problem is well-posed. A finite-volume method is developed based on the summation-by-parts framework with the boundary conditions implemented weakly using penalties. Stability is proven by deriving a discrete energy estimate analogous to the continuous estimate. The continuous and discrete analysis covers all flow regimes. Numerical experiments are presented verifying the analysis.
Cleavage theory meets Bourdieu: studying the role of group identities in cleavage formation
Authors: Westheuser Linus , Zollinger Delia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a framework for studying the role of group identities in contemporary cleavage formation. Identities, we suggest, hold the key to a central conundrum of current political sociology: the fact that today’s electoral realignments appear to be rooted in the social structure of post-industrial societies, while the decline of mass organizations has dissolved traditional links between politics and social structure. Bringing cleavage theory into dialog with the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, we theorize how group identities may play an important role in stabilizing a new universalism-particularism cleavage emerging in Western Europe today. We identify two key processes of cleavage identity formation: bottom-up processes of “social closure” and top-down “classification struggles” waged by political entrepreneurs. For both processes, we review empirical findings and formulate an agenda for further research.
Do Seasonality and Latitude Dictate the Formation of Strong or Weak Volcanic Eruption Plumes?
Authors: Ishii Kensuke , Iriyama Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, we propose a method to predict the classification of the eruption plume types: “strong plumes” and “weak plumes”. Our method reproduces the general features that the eruption plume types depend on, both the meteorological conditions and eruption conditions, and successfully reproduces the classification of the plume types for historical eruption events. Application of the method to Monte Carlo simulations revealed that eruption plumes at a low latitude tend to form strong plumes due to weak ambient winds, whereas eruption plumes at a mid latitude tend to form weak plumes due to the strong ambient winds associated with the jet stream. The simulation also revealed that mid‐latitude eruption plumes tend to be strong plumes in the summer when ambient winds are lowered by a weakening and poleward movement of the jet stream.
A Stable Implementation of a Data‐Driven Scale‐Aware Mesoscale Parameterization
Authors: Perezhogin Pavel , Zhang Cheng , Adcroft Alistair , Fernandez‐Granda Carlos , Zanna Laure 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOcean mesoscale eddies are often poorly represented in climate models, and therefore, their effects on the large scale circulation must be parameterized. Traditional parameterizations, which represent the bulk effect of the unresolved eddies, can be improved with new subgrid models learned directly from data. Zanna and Bolton (2020), https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl088376 (ZB20) applied an equation‐discovery algorithm to reveal an interpretable expression parameterizing the subgrid momentum fluxes by mesoscale eddies through the components of the velocity‐gradient tensor. In this work, we implement the ZB20 parameterization into the primitive‐equation GFDL MOM6 ocean model and test it in two idealized configurations with significantly different dynamical regimes and topography. The original parameterization was found to generate excessive numerical noise near the grid scale. We propose two filtering approaches to avoid the numerical issues and additionally enhance the strength of large‐scale energy backscatter. The filtered ZB20 parameterizations led to improved climatological mean state and energy distributions, compared to the current state‐of‐the‐art energy backscatter parameterizations. The filtered ZB20 parameterizations are scale‐aware and, consequently, can be used with a single value of the non‐dimensional scaling coefficient for a range of resolutions. The successful application of the filtered ZB20 parameterizations to parameterize mesoscale eddies in two idealized configurations offers a promising opportunity to reduce long‐standing biases in global ocean simulations in future studies.
Latitudinal Distribution of Dayside Magnetospheric Currents Based on Cluster Observations
Authors: Du Yingshuai , Liu Wenlong , Zhang Dianjun , Tan Xin , Dunlop Malcolm W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBased on the curlometer method, we calculate the azimuthal component of the current density from nearly 19 years of Fluxgate Magnetometer (FGM) data of Cluster and investigate its latitudinal distribution in the dayside noon sector (09:00–15:00 magnetic local time, MLT). A crossing event in the noon meridian plane shows an unexpected eastward current at a geocentric distance of 8 RE, away from the equator with latitudes of 30–40°. Further statistical results of the current distribution show that, the topology of the current can be radially divided into the inner and outer branches over the whole rxy − z plane (rxy = and z are in solar magnetic (SM) coordinates), with the separation point of these two branches at a geocentric distance of about 8 RE. The current variations of the inner and outer branches are different under different Kp, solar wind flow speed Vsw, and solar wind dynamic pressure Pdyn. It is shown that the current densities in both the inner and outer branches increase significantly with the Kp. High solar wind dynamic pressure enhances the current density of the outer branch, while high solar wind speed, on the contrary, enhances that of the inner branch. The formation of the outer branch may be related to the anisotropy of plasma pressure.
The Influence of Mantle Structure on Dynamic Topography in Southern Africa
Authors: Gourley Kenneth C. , Harig Christoper 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to relatively high terrain and negligible active tectonics, the southern Africa region boasts over 30 independent estimates of dynamic topography. These published estimates display a wide variance due to both the variety of methods used in computation and a lack of constraints on the regional mantle structure. Here we show that a focus on regional mantle structure is important to generate models of lithospheric and mantle dynamics. Global average mantle properties are not representative of a particular region, and it is necessary to generate viscosity profiles specific to a region of interest. We develop a Bayesian inversion using dynamic geoid kernels, existing seismic tomography models, and Slepian functions to invert for a localized radial viscosity profile that best explains the geoid in southern Africa. With an understanding of viscosity uncertainty, we constrain dynamic topography in southern Africa to lie between 1,000 and 2,000 m. Additionally, we model vertical displacements from 112 Global Navigation Satellite System stations across our region to examine the long‐term, long wavelength pattern of present‐day vertical motion, suggesting that a mean of 1.5 mm/yr (1: 0.8–2.0 mm/yr) of vertical motion may be related to ongoing dynamic topography. Our study demonstrates the utility of dynamic geoid kernels in local nonlinear inversions of non‐unique geophysical data. Furthermore, we present evidence that the mantle beneath southern Africa is generating significant dynamic support for and vertical displacement of the lithosphere in this region.
Seismic Evidence for Velocity Heterogeneity Along ∼40 Ma Old Oceanic Crustal Segment Formed at the Slow‐Spreading Equatorial Mid‐Atlantic Ridge From Full Waveform Inversion of Ocean Bottom Seismometer Data
Authors: Guo Peng , Singh Satish C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn slow spreading environments, oceanic crust is formed by a combination of magmatic and tectonic processes. Using full waveform inversion applied to active‐source ocean bottom seismometer data, we reveal the presence of a strong lateral variability in the 40–48 Ma old oceanic crust formed at the slow‐spreading Mid‐Atlantic Ridge in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Over a 120 km‐long section between the St Paul fracture zone (FZ) and the Romanche transform fault (TF), we observe four distinct 20–30 km long crustal segments. The segment affected by the St Paul FZ consists of three layers, an ∼2 km thick layer with a P‐wave velocity <6 km/s, a 1.5 km thick middle crust with a velocity of 6–6.5 km/s, and an underlying layer where velocity is ∼7 km/s, representing the lower crust. The segment associated with an abyssal hill morphology contains a high velocity of ∼7 km/s at 2–2.5 km below the basement, indicating the presence of primitive gabbro or serpenized peridotite. The segment associated with a low basement morphology seems to have 5.5–6.5 km/s velocity starting near the basement extending down to ∼4 km depth, indicating chemically distinct crust. The segment close to the Romanche TF, a velocity 4.5–5 km/s near the seafloor increasing to 7 km/s at 4 km depth indicates a magmatic origin. The four distinct crustal segments have a good correlation with the overlying seafloor morphology. These observed strong crustal heterogeneities could result from alternate tectonic and magmatic processes along the ridge axis, possibly modulated by thermal and/or chemical variations in the mantle during their formation along the ridge segment.