bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Intake of Dietary Lipids Alters Membrane Structure and T Cell Responses in LDLr−/− Mice
Authors: Pollock Abigail H. , Tedla Nicodemus , Hancock Sarah E. , Cornely Rhea , Mitchell Todd W. , Yang Zhengmin , Kockx Maaike , Parton Robert G. , Rossy Jérémie , Gaus Katharina 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlthough it is recognized that lipids and membrane organization in T cells affect signaling and T cell activation, to what extent dietary lipids alter T cell responsiveness in the absence of obesity and inflammation is not known. In this study, we fed low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice a Western high-fat diet for 1 or 9 wk and examined T cell responses in vivo along with T cell lipid composition, membrane order, and activation ex vivo. Our data showed that high levels of circulating lipids for a prolonged period elevated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation and resulted in an increased proportion of CD4+ central-memory T cells within the draining lymph nodes following induction of contact hypersensitivity. In addition, the 9-wk Western high-fat diet elevated the total phospholipid content and monounsaturated fatty acid level, but decreased saturated phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin within the T cells. The altered lipid composition in the circulation, and of T cells, was also reflected by enhanced membrane order at the activation site of ex vivo activated T cells that corresponded to increased IL-2 mRNA levels. In conclusion, dietary lipids can modulate T cell lipid composition and responses in lipoprotein receptor knockout mice even in the absence of excess weight gain and a proinflammatory environment.
Myeloid-Restricted AMPKα1 Promotes Host Immunity and Protects against IL-12/23p40–Dependent Lung Injury during Hookworm Infection
Authors: Nieves Wildaliz , Hung Li-Yin , Oniskey Taylor K. , Boon Louis , Foretz Marc , Viollet Benoit , Herbert De’Broski R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
How the metabolic demand of parasitism affects immune-mediated resistance is poorly understood. Immunity against parasitic helminths requires M2 cells and IL-13, secreted by CD4+ Th2 and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), but whether certain metabolic enzymes control disease outcome has not been addressed. This study demonstrates that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key driver of cellular energy, regulates type 2 immunity and restricts lung injury following hookworm infection. Mice with a selective deficiency in the AMPK catalytic α1 subunit in alveolar macrophages and conventional dendritic cells produced less IL-13 and CCL17 and had impaired expansion of ILC2 in damaged lung tissue compared with wild-type controls. Defective type 2 responses were marked by increased intestinal worm burdens, exacerbated lung injury, and increased production of IL-12/23p40, which, when neutralized, restored IL-13 production and improved lung recovery. Taken together, these data indicate that defective AMPK activity in myeloid cells negatively impacts type 2 responses through increased IL-12/23p40 production. These data support an emerging concept that myeloid cells and ILC2 can coordinately regulate tissue damage at mucosal sites through mechanisms dependent on metabolic enzyme function.
TNF and CD28 Signaling Play Unique but Complementary Roles in the Systemic Recruitment of Innate Immune Cells after Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin A Inhalation
Authors: Svedova Julia , Tsurutani Naomi , Liu Wenhai , Khanna Kamal M. , Vella Anthony T. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins cause debilitating systemic inflammatory responses, but how they spread systemically and trigger inflammatory cascade is unclear. In this study, we showed in mice that after inhalation, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A rapidly entered the bloodstream and induced T cells to orchestrate systemic recruitment of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils. To study the mechanism used by specific T cells that mediate this process, a systems approach revealed inducible and noninducible pathways as potential targets. It was found that TNF caused neutrophil entry into the peripheral blood, whereas CD28 signaling, but not TNF, was needed for chemotaxis of inflammatory monocytes into blood and lymphoid tissue. However, both pathways triggered local recruitment of neutrophils into lymph nodes. Thus, our findings revealed a dual mechanism of monocyte and neutrophil recruitment by T cells relying on overlapping and nonoverlapping roles for the noninducible costimulatory receptor CD28 and the inflammatory cytokine TNF. During sepsis, there might be clinical value in inhibiting CD28 signaling to decrease T cell–mediated inflammation and recruitment of innate cells while retaining bioactive TNF to foster neutrophil circulation.
Comparison Between Measured and Calculated Free Calcium Values at Different Serum Albumin Concentrations
Authors: Mir Altaf Ahmad , Goyal Bela , Datta Sudip Kumar , Ikkurthi Saidaiah , Pal Arnab 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Free ionic calcium is the metabolically active component of total calcium (TCa) in blood. However, most laboratories report TCa levels that are dependent on serum albumin concentration. Hence, several formulae have evolved to calculate free calcium levels from TCa after adjustment for albumin. However, free calcium can directly be measured using direct ion selective electrodes rather than spectrophotometric methods used in autoanalyzers.
Objectives: This study compares the levels of free calcium obtained by measurement by direct ion selective electrode (ISE) and the one calculated as a function of TCa by formulae.
Materials and Methods: A total of 254 serum samples submitted to clinical biochemistry laboratory of a tertiary care hospital were analyzed for total protein, albumin, and TCa by standard spectrophotometric methods and for free calcium by direct ISE. Three commonly used formulae viz. Orrell, Berry et al. and Payne et al. were used to calculate adjusted TCa. Calculated free calcium was obtained by taking 50% of these values.
Results: A significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between calculated free calcium by all the three formulae and measured free calcium estimated by direct ISE using paired t-test and Bland–Altman plots.
Conclusion: Formulae for predicting free calcium by estimating TCa and albumin lacks consistency in prediction and free calcium should be evaluated by direct measurement.
Cholecystitis Associated with Heterotopic Pancreas, Pseudopyloric Metaplasia, and Adenomyomatous Hyperplasia: A Rare Combination
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Chander Bal , Kaur Harjit , Kaul Rashmi 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTHeterotopic pancreatic tissue in the gall bladder is an uncommon incidental finding in most cases. We hereby describe the case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with symptoms of acalculous cholecystitis. Pathological examination detected heterotopic pancreatic tissue, pseudopyloric metaplasia, and adenomyomatous hyperplasia in the gall bladder. This is a rare combination of three entities which is being reported for the first time. This case emphasizes that heterotopic pancreas might be the causative factor for cholecystitis.
El Palacio del Marqués de Dos Aguas. Valencia Arqueología e historia del edificio
Authors: Coll Conesa Jaume 
Published: April 2016

<p>Los tres artículos que siguen pretenden explicar la restauración y rehabilitación llevada a cabo en el Palacio Marqués de Dos Aguas de Valencia . La trascendencia his­tórica y cultural del edificio, su valor arquitectónico y artís­tico como Palacio y a la vez como Museo Nacional de Céramica, la importancia y complejidad de la intervención, se exponen explicando en este primer artículo su historia, para acometer en los artículos siguientes la rehabilitación arquitectónica y restauración de sus ornamentos.</p>
Comparing model and measured ice crystal concentrations in orographic clouds during the INUPIAQ campaign
Authors: Farrington Robert J. , Connolly Paul J. , Lloyd Gary , Bower Keith N. , Flynn Michael J. , Gallagher Martin W. , Field Paul R. , Dearden Chris , Choularton Thomas W. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. This paper assesses the reasons for high ice number concentrations observed in orographic clouds by comparing in situ measurements from the Ice NUcleation Process Investigation And Quantification field campaign (INUPIAQ) at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (3570 m a.s.l.) with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) simulations over real terrain surrounding Jungfraujoch. During the 2014 winter field campaign, between 20 January and 28 February, the model simulations regularly underpredicted the observed ice number concentration by 103 L−1. Previous literature has proposed several processes for the high ice number concentrations in orographic clouds, including an increased ice nucleating particle (INP) concentration, secondary ice multiplication and the advection of surface ice crystals into orographic clouds. We find that increasing INP concentrations in the model prevents the simulation of the mixed-phase clouds that were witnessed during the INUPIAQ campaign at Jungfraujoch. Additionally, the inclusion of secondary ice production upwind of Jungfraujoch into the WRF simulations cannot consistently produce enough ice splinters to match the observed concentrations. A flux of surface hoar crystals was included in the WRF model, which simulated ice concentrations comparable to the measured ice number concentrations, without depleting the liquid water content (LWC) simulated in the model. Our simulations therefore suggest that high ice concentrations observed in mixed-phase clouds at Jungfraujoch are caused by a flux of surface hoar crystals into the orographic clouds.
Muhammet Çap & Sehil Inşaat Endustri ve Ticaret Ltd. Sti. V. Turkmenistan: Procedural Order No. 3 (ICSID)
Authors: Desierto Diane A. 
Published: April 2016

On June 12, 2015, the Arbitral Tribunal in Muhammet Çap & Sehil Inşaat Endustri ve Ticaret Ltd. Sti. v. Turkmenistan, composed of Professor Julian D.M. Lew (President), Professor Laurence Boisson de Chazournes (Arbitrator), and Professor Bernard Hanotiau (President), issued its Procedural Order No. 3, ordering claimants to confirmwhether its claims in this arbitration are being funded by a third-party funder, and if so, shall, advise Respondent and the Tribunal of the name or names and details of the third-party funder(s), and the nature of the arrangements concluded with the third-party funder(s), including whether and to what extent it/they will share in any successes that Claimants may achieve in this arbitration.This is the first publicly available written order issued by an arbitral tribunal constituted under the rules of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) that compels claimants to disclose information about any third-party funding arrangements.
Pacientes com a Doença de Parkinson são capazes de melhorar seu desempenho em tarefas virtuais do Xbox Kinect®: “uma série de casos”
Authors: Mendes Felipe Augusto dos Santos , Arduini Lilian , Aparecida Aparecida Botelho , Da Cruz Mariana Busche , Da Paz Clarissa Cardoso Couto , Pompeu Sandra Maria Alvarenga Anti , Piemonte Maria Elisa Pimentel , Pompeu José Eduardo 
Published: April 2016

<p>A utilidade dos videogames na reabilitação de pacientes com Doença de Parkinson (PDP) vem sendo demonstrada. Contudo, a discussão sobre a seleção dos jogos utilizados ainda é escassa, embora fundamental para recomendação de seu uso terapêutico. Não foram, até o momento, encontrados estudos sobre a utilização do Xbox Kinect<sup>® </sup>(XK) na reabilitação de PDP. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as modificações de desempenho de PDP, decorrentes do treino, por meio das mudanças nas pontuações de jogos do XK, em cada sessão. Sete PDP em estágios leve a moderado realizaram 14 sessões de treinamento em quatro jogos previamente selecionados. As pontuações foram registradas para análise da curva de desempenho entre as sessões. Foram feitas análises de variância para medidas repetidas considerando-se um grupo e 14 sessões, seguidas por testes <em>Post Hoc Tukey-Kramer</em> para verificar as diferenças entre as mesmas (p≤ 0.05). Os resultados mostraram que os PDP melhoraram seu desempenho em todos os jogos, porém em momentos diferentes. Concluiu-se que os PDP do presente estudo mostraram capacidade de melhorar o desempenho em jogos do XK, mas que a melhora depende das demandas e da presença de fatores facilitadores da aprendizagem, reforçando a importância da sua escolha com propósito de reabilitação.</p><p> </p>
Keel-bone damage and foot injuries in commercial laying hens in Denmark
Authors: Riber AB , Hinrichsen LK 
Published: April 2016

AbstractKeel-bone damage and foot injuries have a negative impact on welfare in laying hens. The extent of the problems in Danish commercial flocks of layers is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the current prevalence of keel-bone damage and foot injuries in Danish commercial flocks of laying hens and to investigate the effects of production system, housing system, hybrid and age. The occurrences of keel-bone damage, hyperkeratosis and missing toes were higher at 62 compared to 32 weeks of age, while the reverse was found for toe wounds, foot-pad lesions and bumble feet. There was no difference between barn and organic production systems in the risk of having keel-bone fractures and foot injuries, except that barn hens were more likely to have foot-pad lesions than organic hens (32 weeks: 16.1 vs 3.1%). Hens in multi-tiered systems were more likely to have keel-bone fractures compared to hens in single-tiered systems (62 weeks: 11.6 vs 4.9%). Of the four hybrids, Lohmann Brown Lite had a higher risk of keel-bone fractures, whereas bumble feet were found more frequently in Lohmann LSL Keel-bone damage and foot injuries are less common in Danish non-cage systems compared to most of the reporting presently available from other countries. We suggest transnational studies, aimed at identifying the causal factors of this discrepancy, to increase existing knowledge on how to reduce incidences of keel-bone damage and foot injuries.
Animal welfare initiatives improve feather cover of cage-free laying hens in the UK
Authors: Mullan S , Szmaragd C , Cooper MD , Wrathall JHM , Jamieson J , Bond A , Atkinson C , Main DCJ 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper describes a case example where initiatives from private assurance schemes, scientists, charities, government and egg companies have improved the welfare of UK cage-free laying hens. The RSPCA and Soil Association farm assurance schemes introduced formal welfare outcome assessment into their annual audits of laying-hen farms in 2011. Feather loss was assessed on 50 birds from each flock on a three-point scale for two body regions: Head and Neck (HN) and Back and Vent (BV). In support of the observations, assessors were trained in feedback techniques designed to encourage change in farmer behaviour to improve welfare. In addition, during Year 2 farmers were asked about changes they had made, and intended to make on their farms. During 2011-2013 there were also wider industry initiatives to improve feather cover. Data were analysed from 830 and 743 farms in Year 1 and Year 2, respectively. From Year 1 to Year 2 there was a significant reduction in the prevalence of feather loss from 31.8% (9.6% severe) to 20.8% (6% severe) for the HN region, and from 33.1% (12.6% severe) to 22.7% (8.3% severe) for BV. Fifty-nine percent of 662 farmers reported they had made changes on their farms during Year 1 to improve bird welfare. For such a substantial industry change, attributing causation to specific initiatives is difficult; however, this is the first study to demonstrate the value to animal welfare of certification schemes monitoring the effectiveness of their own and other industry-led interventions to guide future policy.
Classification of animal welfare on mink farms differs between three annual production periods
Authors: Henriksen BIF , Sørensen JT , Møller SH 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAccording to the WelFur assessment protocol for mink, welfare is assessed via three one-day visits; one during each of the three main annual production phases. If one of these three assessments could provide a representative description of the welfare on a mink farm throughout the year, not only would much time and money be saved, it would also provide the farmer with an immediate result. As the same manager is usually in place for all three production phases and as most of the welfare problems associated with mink production are related to management, we hypothesise that assessment in one of the three phases should be sufficient for predicting the overall annual classification of welfare on a farm. Based on the WelFur protocol for mink, data from 19 farms were collected in each of the three production phases: breeders during winter (assessment period one); females and kits in lactation (assessment period two); and juveniles during late growth (assessment period three). The data were recorded by two external assessors per farm, on nine farms in 2011 and ten other farms in 2013, and an aggregated welfare assessment at farm level was calculated for each of the three visits. Data from the three assessments per farm were compared both at criteria, principle, and at overall classification level according to the Welfur mink concept. It appears that the estimated WelFur classification of farms differs between assessment periods, especially as regards to low score-value of the principal ‘Good Feeding’ in the summer period. Scores from periods two and three are needed to predict the full annual score of the four WelFur principles. Based on the results found, we reject the hypothesis that the overall annual classification of welfare of a farm in the WelFur system can be based on one period. A simplification of the WelFur-assessment system may be possible, with the exclusion of the welfare assessment in period one.
The Short, Unhappy Use Lives of Early Agricultural Period “Food Storage” Pits at the Las Capas Site, Southern Arizona
Authors: Diehl Michael W. , Davis Owen K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWere Early Agricultural period (2100 B.C.–A.D. 50) maize cultivators in Southern Arizona sedentary farmers or seasonally mobile forager-farmers? Ethnographic analogs and ethnographically derived middle range theory support both claims. One argument for sedentism has been the abundance of large subterranean storage pits. These are often presumed to have been used for long-term food storage. This study of wetlands-indicator spores recovered from those pits indicates that the pits were often saturated and could not have been used for long-term food storage; these findings support the general contention that Early Agricultural period maize cultivators were seasonally mobile and tried to fit early agriculture into a subsistence regime focused on wild foods.
Evidence for Stepped Pyramids of Shell in the Woodland Period of Eastern North America
Authors: Pluckhahn Thomas J. , Thompson Victor D. , Rink W. Jack 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAntiquarians of the nineteenth century referred to the largest monumental constructions in eastern North America as pyramids, but this usage faded among archaeologists by the mid-twentieth century. Pauketat (2007) has reintroduced the term pyramid to describe the larger, Mississippian-period (A.D. 1050 to 1550) mounds of the interior of the continent, recognizing recent studies that demonstrate the complexity of their construction. Such recognition is lacking for earlier mounds and for those constructed of shell. We describe the recent identification of stepped pyramids of shell from the Roberts Island Complex, located on the central Gulf Coast of Florida and dating to the terminal Late Woodland period, A.D. 800 to 1050, thus recognizing the sophistication of monument construction in an earlier time frame, using a different construction material, and taking an alternative form.
Automated Estimation of Melanocytic Skin Tumor Thickness by Ultrasonic Radiofrequency Data
Authors: Andrekute Kristina , Valiukeviciene Skaidra , Raisutis Renaldas , Linkeviciute Gintare , Makstiene Jurgita , Kliunkiene Renata 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesHigh‐frequency (>20‐MHz) ultrasound (US) is a noninvasive preoperative tool for assessment of melanocytic skin tumor thickness. Ultrasonic melanocytic skin tumor thickness estimation is not always easy and is related to the experience of the clinician. In this article, we present an automated thickness measurement method based on time‐frequency analysis of US radiofrequency signals.MethodsThe study was performed on 52 thin (≤1‐mm) melanocytic skin tumors (46 melanocytic nevi and 6 melanomas). Radiofrequency signals were obtained with a single‐element focused transducer (fundamental frequency, 22 MHz; bandwidth, 12–28 MHz). The radiofrequency data were analyzed in the time‐frequency domain to make the tumor boundaries more noticeable. The thicknesses of the tumors were evaluated by 3 different metrics: histologically measured Breslow thickness, manually measured US thickness, and automatically measured US thickness.ResultsThe results showed a higher correlation coefficient between the automatically measured US thickness and Breslow thickness (r= 0.83; P< .0001) than the manually measured US thickness (r = 0.68; P < .0001). The sensitivity of the automated tumor thickness measurement algorithm was 96.55%, and the specificity was 78.26% compared with histologic measurement. The sensitivity of the manually measured US thickness was 75.86%, and the specificity was 73.91%.ConclusionsThe efficient automated tumor thickness measurement method developed could be used as a tool for preoperative assessment of melanocytic skin tumor thickness.
Prenatal and Postnatal Survival of Fetal Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Zhao Yili , Abuhamad Alfred , Fleenor Jonathan , Guo Yajun , Zhang Wangshu , Cao Danming , Zeng Shi , Sinkovskaya Elena , Zhou Qichang 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to compare the postnatal outcomes, genetic testing results, and sonographic findings in 3 subtypes of tetralogy of Fallot.MethodsThirty‐six articles from the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were selected for this review. The postnatal outcomes, karyotyping results, and sonographic findings of fetal tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia, and tetralogy of Fallot with an absent pulmonary valve were collected and compared.ResultsThe survival rates (termination of pregnancy was considered fetal death) for prenatally diagnosed tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia and tetralogy of Fallot with an absent pulmonary valve at the end of neonatal period were significantly lower than the rate for tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis (P < .05). The survival rate for tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia was also lower at birth (P < .001). Major chromosomal anomalies were more frequently detected in tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis (P< .05); conversely, 22q11 deletion was present more often in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia and tetralogy of Fallot with an absent pulmonary valve (P < .001). Compared to tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis, a right aortic arch was more associated with tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia (32.6%; P < .05), and the ductus arteriosus was almost always absent in tetralogy of Fallot with an absent pulmonary valve (87.5%; P < .001).ConclusionsThe postnatal outcomes, genetic testing results, and sonographic findings are different among subtypes of tetralogy of Fallot. Documenting those details at diagnosis can help specialists better counsel their patients.