bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Blebbishield Emergency Program Overrides Chromosomal Instability and Phagocytosis Checkpoints in Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Jinesh Goodwin G. , Kamat Ashish M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Genomic instability and immune evasion are hallmarks of cancer. Apoptotic cancer stem cells can evade cell death by undergoing cellular transformation by constructing “blebbishields” from apoptotic bodies. In this study, we report a novel linkage between genomic instability and phagocytosis evasion that is coordinated by the blebbishield emergency program. Blebbishield emergency program evaded genomic instability checkpoint, expressed genomic instability–associated genes at distinct phases of cellular transformation, exhibited chromosomal instability, and promoted increase in nuclear size. Blebbishields fused with immune cells to evade phagocytosis, and the resultant hybrid cells exhibited increased migration, tumorigenesis, metastasis, red blood cell recruitment to tumors, and induced hepatosplenomegaly with signatures of genomic instability, blebbishield emergency program, and phagocytosis evasion to offer poor prognosis. Overall, our data demonstrate that the blebbishield emergency program drives evasion of chromosomal instability and phagocytosis checkpoints by apoptotic cancer stem cells. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6144–56. ©2017 AACR.
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Is Associated With Major Amputation and Mortality in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: De Haan Judith J. , Haitjema Saskia , den Ruijter Hester M. , Pasterkamp Gerard , de Borst Gert J. , Teraa Martin , Verhaar Marianne C. , Gremmels Hendrik , de Jager Saskia C. A. 
Published: August 2017

Background

Peripheral artery disease (
PAD
) is one of the most common clinical presentations of atherosclerosis, and its prevalence is still increasing. Despite improvement of health care, morbidity and mortality risks remain high, including the risk of amputation. GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15) is a member of the transforming growth factor family that is involved in apoptosis and inflammation; therefore,
GDF
15 is a potential biomarker to identify patients at high risk of adverse clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results

Circulating
GDF
15 levels were measured using a multiplex immunoassay in patients with critical limb ischemia and
PAD
from 2 different patient cohorts that included patients with clinically manifest
PAD
: the
JUVENTAS
(Rejuvenating Endothelial Progenitor Cells via Transcutaneous Intra‐Arterial Supplementation) trial (n=160, 67 major events; critical limb ischemia) and the Athero‐Express Biobank (n=386, 64 major events;
PAD
). Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated that high levels of
GDF
15 were associated with increased risk of major events, defined as major amputation (at or above the ankle joint) and all‐cause mortality, in both cohorts (highest versus lowest,
JUVENTAS
: hazard ratio: 4.01 [95% confidence interval, 2.05–7.84;
P
<0.0001]; Athero‐Express: hazard ratio: 3.27 [95% confidence interval, 1.64–6.54;
P
=0.0008]). In the
JUVENTAS
trial, this was more pronounced in women. Cox proportional multivariable regression models with median follow‐up of 3 years, corrected for common confounders, showed hazard ratios of 1.70 (95% confidence interval, 1.18–2.69;
P
=0.0053) and 1.57 (95% confidence interval, 1.02–2.41;
P
=0.041) per 2.78‐fold increase of
GDF
15 in
JUVENTAS
and Athero‐Express, respectively.

Conclusions

High
GDF
15 levels are associated with increased risk of major amputation and/or death in
PAD
patients.
GDF
15 levels could be of additive value to identify patients who are at high risk of amputation or death and could help guide treatment choices.
Tissue-Selective Salvage of the White Matter by Successful Endovascular Stroke Therapy
Authors: Kleine Justus F. , Kaesmacher Mirjam , Wiestler Benedikt , Kaesmacher Johannes 
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose—
White matter (WM) is less vulnerable to ischemia than gray matter. In ischemic stroke caused by acute large-vessel occlusion, successful recanalization might therefore sometimes selectively salvage the WM, leading to infarct patterns confined to gray matter. This study examines occurrence, determinants, and clinical significance of such effects.

Methods—

Three hundred twenty-two patients with acute middle cerebral artery occlusion subjected to mechanical thrombectomy were included. Infarct patterns were categorized into WM
−
(sparing the WM) and WM
+
(involving WM). National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale–based measures of neurological outcome, including National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale improvement or National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale worsening, good functional midterm outcome (day 90-modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2), the occurrence of malignant swelling, and in-hospital mortality were predefined outcome measures.

Results—

WM
−
infarcts occurred in 118 of 322 patients and were associated with successful recanalization and better collateral grades (
P
<0.05). Shorter symptom-onset to recanalization times were also associated with WM
−
infarcts in univariate analysis, but not when adjusted for collateral grades. WM
−
infarcts were independently associated with good neurological outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 3.003; 95% confidence interval, 1.186–7.607;
P
=0.020) and good functional midterm outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 8.618; 95% confidence interval, 2.409–30.828;
P
=0.001) after correcting for potential confounders, including final infarct volume. Only 2.6% of WM
−
patients, but 20.5% of WM
+
patients exhibited neurological worsening, and none versus 12.8% developed malignant swelling (
P
<0.001), contributing to lower mortality in this group (2.5% versus 10.3%;
P
=0.014).

Conclusions—
WM infarction commonly commences later than gray matter infarction after acute middle cerebral artery occlusion. Successful recanalization can therefore salvage completely the WM at risk in many patients even several hours after symptom onset. Preservation of the WM is associated with better neurological recovery, prevention of malignant swelling, and reduced mortality. This has important implications for neuroprotective strategies, and perfusion imaging-based patient selection, and provides a rationale for treating selected patients in extended time windows.
The Medieval Chinese Gāthā and Its Relationship to Poetry
Authors: Mazanec Thomas J. 
Published: August 2017

This paper investigates the shifting definitions of the term gāthā (Ch. ji) over an 800-year period, from the earliest sūtra translations into Chinese until the mid-tenth century. Although the term originally referred to the verse sections of scriptures, gāthās soon began to circulate separately, used in ritual, contemplative, and pedagogical practices. By the late sixth century, it began to mean something like “Buddhist verse.” Over the course of the Tang, gāthās came to take on the formal features of poetry, eventually becoming all but indistinguishable from elite verse. However, the word gāthā was always seen as something inferior to real poetry, and, by the late Tang, we find poet-monks belittling other monks’ didactic verses so as to distinguish their own work and avoid the taint of the word gāthā. Cet article explore l’évolution du sens du terme gāthā (ch. ji) sur une période s’étendant sur plus de huit cent ans, depuis les premières traductions des sūtra en chinois jusqu’au milieu du dixième siècle. Bien que ce terme désignât à l’origine les parties rimées des textes sacrés bouddhiques, les gāthās très tôt commencèrent à circuler indépendamment et à être employées dans les pratiques rituelles, contemplatives et pédagogiques. Vers la fin du sixième siècle, il devint synonyme de « poésie bouddhique ». Au cours de la dynastie des Tang, les gāthās adoptèrent les règles formelles de la poésie, si bien qu’ils devinrent quasiment identiques aux autres formes d’expression poétique des élites. Le mot gāthā cependant continua à évoquer un style inférieur à celui de la « vraie » poésie, et à la fin des Tang des moines-poètes moquèrent les vers didactiques composés par d’autres moines dans le but de distinguer leur propres compositions et de se démarquer des connotations peu flatteuses du terme gāthā.
Alien Voices under the Bean Arbor: How an Eighteenth-Century French Jesuit Translated Doupeng xianhua 豆棚閒話 as the “Dialogue of a Modern Atheist Chinese Philosopher”*
Authors: Wu Huiyi 
Published: August 2017

This article examines an eighteenth-century French Jesuit’s translation of the final chapter of the early Qing collection of vernacular stories Doupeng xianhua 豆棚閒話 (Idle Talks under the Bean Arbor), which became a “philosophical dialogue” of a “modern atheist Chinese philosopher.” The trajectory of the text is examined by analyzing the layers of meaning superposed upon it by a succession of agencies: the original author Aina Jushi 艾衲居士, a Jiangnan literatus who philosophized on the fall of the Ming dynasty; Father François-Xavier Dentrecolles, the Jesuit missionary who translated the text with extensive commentaries of his own to make a case against atheism; the Parisian editor Jean-Baptiste Du Halde who published the translation in the landmark of Jesuit sinology, Description de l’Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise (1735); the engravers in Paris and the Hague who remolded its cosmological diagrams to conform to their own scientific and aesthetic standards; and finally, its European re-translators and readers, some of whom used it as a weapon against the Jesuits and the Catholic Church. The gains and losses of the Doupeng xianhua during this process are discussed, as well as the new light brought by the French translation on its circulation in Qing China. Finally, the challenge this atypical case poses to received narratives of the Sino-Western cultural exchange through the Jesuit mission is assessed. Cet article examine la traduction au XVIIIe siècle, par un jésuite français, du dernier chapitre du recueil de contes vernaculaires Doupeng xianhua 豆棚閒話 (Propos oisifs sous la tonnelle des haricots), qui devient un « dialogue philosophique » d’un « philosophe chinois athée moderne ». La trajectoire de ce texte est retracée en analysant les strates successives de sens superposées sur ce texte grâce à des acteurs divers : l’auteur de l’original Aina Jushi 艾衲居士, un lettré du Jiangnan qui a philosophé sur la chute de la dynastie des Ming ; le missionnaire jésuite François-Xavier Dentrecolles qui a traduit le texte avec une profusion de commentaires de son propre cru contre l’athéisme ; l’éditeur parisien Jean-Baptiste Du Halde qui a publié cette traduction dans la Description de l’Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise (1735), un monument de la sinologie française ; les graveurs à Paris et à La Haye qui ont retravaillé les diagrammes cosmologiques conformément à leurs propres normes scientifiques et esthétiques ; et enfin, les re-traducteurs et lecteurs européens de ce texte, certains desquels l’ont utilisé contre les jésuites et l’Église catholique. La conclusion évoque les gains et les pertes du Doupeng xianhua au cours de ce processus et l’éclairage que peut apporter cette traduction française sur la diffusion de l’original dans la Chine des Qing. Elle envisage enfin le défi posé par ce cas atypique aux récits conventionnels sur la médiation des jésuites dans les échanges culturels entre la Chine et l’Europe.
Cricotracheal Resection in Children 2 Years of Age and Younger
Authors: Johnson Romaine F. , Rutter Michael , Cotton Robin , Vijayasekeran Shyan , White David 
Published: August 2017

Objectives We examine the surgical outcomes of cricotracheal resection in children 2 years of age and younger. Methods We performed a retrospective case study involving a single tertiary care children's hospital. All patients who underwent cricotracheal resection from 1993 through January 2006 were included. Patients 2 years old and younger were compared to patients more than 2 years of age (range, 2 to 44 years). The primary outcomes measured were decannulation and complication rates. We used X2 analyses for categorical variables to detect differences in proportions, Student's t-tests for continuous data, and logistical regression to explore for confounding. Significance was set at α = .05, 2-tailed. Results Fifteen children 2 years of age or younger were identified. Most patients underwent a single-stage operation (n = 12). The overall decannulation rate was 87% (2 failures). Two patients younger than 2 years had postoperative complications, including 1 patient who developed anastomosis dehiscence. When compared to the patients over 2 years of age, patients younger than 2 were more likely to undergo a single-stage procedure (p < .01). Additionally, the cricotracheal resection was more likely to be their first attempt at airway reconstruction (p = .002). Complication and decannulation rates were similar in both groups. Conclusions Cricotracheal resection can be performed safely and effectively in children less than 2 years old.
Integrated management of water resources in the National Capital Region-Delhi
Authors: Banerjee Ashis 
Published: August 2017

Competing demands between various sectors of water users such as agriculture, industry, urban and domestic use have put enormous pressure on the fresh water availability in India. Some investigations have shown that the per capita availability of water has gone down drastically in the last few decades. Yet, there is a little evidence to show that measures are being drawn up either to augment fresh water resources or to manage existing resource equitably. The reasons usually cited for the decline of water availability are deforestation, intensive water use in agriculture, growing population etc. Remedies must therefore be addressed to all these issues. However, there is an urgent need to look at the opportunities available in a country which is said to have had a riverine civilization and one which has the blessings of intensive precipitation during the monsoon months. Thus, on the one hand there are enormous possibilities available in rationalising water use in the agriculture sector, recycling water for industrial use and harnessing monsoon precipitation through water harvesting on a very large scale. It is also necessary to look at some of the policy aspects, legal aspects and financial aspects of water management. For instance, it needs to be asked whether official policy of conjunctive use of surface and ground water is being followed adequately. Also it needs to be asked whether, given that water is a State subject, there is adequate coordination among the States in order to facilitate optimalities in water use. In this context, it may be useful to re-evaluate all the existing inter-State water agreements which were drawn up several decades ago. Further, it needs to be investigated whether the moneys being spent on different aspects of water management such as inter-basin transfers, dam and canal construction, ground water management etc. are being done in a manner that is economically justifiable. Simultaneously, the existing fiscal mechanism in relation to water use should also be reexamined to see the future scope of making water use economically viable.
Soil quality audit for resource conservation in Indian agriculture
Authors: Raman K. V. , Raman Saroja 
Published: August 2017

Indian agricultural enterprise is one of the largest in terms of human capital and area of operation. It covers approximately 144 mha arable land, more than 60% of the population, and accounts for 40 % of the GDP. Hence its role in overall economic ecological and social development is very critical. Indian agricultural scene is a mix of traditional, low input, subsistence agriculture by the resource-poor farmer and science-based, high-input intensive farming by the rich farmers. Both of them have a share in the impairment of the environment. Because pockets of very high input cultivation are still limited, the pollution due to agricultural waste, excess fertilizers and pesticides are still not as wide-spread and alarming as they are in the west. Soil loss and degradation is the most serious environmental concern generated by the harsh geographical features of the country and by agricultural enterprises, both exacerbated by over-straining animal and human population. Almost 70% of the geographical area is prone to water and wind erosion and other stresses. 5334 million tonnes of soil is eroded annually and 5.3-8.4 million tonnes of the plant nutrients are lost. If this trend continues, one-third of the arable land is likely to be lost. For the fragile and slopy lands, soil conservation measures are being taken up on an extensive scale through water shed approach. These, however, have not been very effective or friendly for over 78% of the small and marginal farmers. Soil Quality, a holistic concept encompassing productivity, environmental quality, and human and animal health, has been developed recently for validating and auditing sustainable agriculture. Several physical, chemical and biological indicators like pH, EC, nutrient status, infiltration rate, soil structure, soil organic carbon etc. have been identified as indicators for measuring soil quality. This approach can be initiated in some places in India to monitor the negative impacts of certain currently prevailing agricultural practices, and facilitate sustainable agriculture through alternate farming protocols. Locale specific, farmer-friendly and conducive packages should be evolved monitored and evaluated in collaboration with the small farmer so that soil resources are conserved or upgraded for future generations.
Displacement, development and large dams
Authors: Dharmadhikary Shripad 
Published: August 2017

Most struggles about large dams, though their genesis may have been in the direct impact on the people, have ultimately challenged the very necessity of these projects. These struggles have questioned the public purpose of the large dams, their viability, the cost/benefit ratio-and ultimately their very justification. Thus, before even the issue of rehabilitation or environmental mitigation can be seen, these struggles have asked whether the displacement is JUSTIFIED. Only if it can be justified, then the question arises about the resettlement, about the resettlement plan, policy, its adequacy and its feasibility. The same would apply for the environmental impacts. Further, the struggles have challenged the current methodology of determining the public purpose of the project and have called for a far more participatory and democratic way of doing so. This would include the right to information, right to question, and ultimately the rights of the local and affected people to have a significant say in the management of their resources. Thus, the dam struggles are fighting for, and working towards not just the problems of the displaced people or environment, but a vision of an alternative development paradigm and an alternative politics itself. At the larger level, this effectively means that such struggles are calling for, fighting for an alternative politics, and a radical restructuring of the existing socio-political system.
Rehabilitation in Tehri Dam: An evaluation
Authors: Sinha B. K. , Pokhriyal H. C. 
Published: August 2017

In the whole debate of ecological suitability of Tehri Dam, the rehabilitation aspect has been found ignored. Keeping in view of the significance of complete rehabilitation and resettlement of the oustees, the overall rehabilitation process including rural and urban population is analysed in the present paper. In total, 125 villages will be fully or partially submerged affecting more than one lakh population. More than twenty thousand urban populations will also be rehabilitated. It is expected that around 6000 cores of rupees (at 1993 price level) will be spent. Out of which 13% will be spent on the rehabilitation of the oustees. On the basis of the available information, it is found that only 33% of the rural families and 66% of the urban households have actually received the compensation or taken the possession of the land in the new sites. Non availability of land to the rest of the oustee households has been identified as the peculiar dimension of the rehabilitation process. The resettled households in Dehradun and Haridwar districts are facing the problem of geographic continuity, land owner shiprights and absence of institutional mechanism like panchayati raj institutions in the new settlements. The absence of non-farm employment and non-accessibility to the common property resources are the critical problems, including the availability of drinking water, irrigation, primary health and education, which can be observed seen in the rehabilitation sites. The resettlers are unable to adjust with the new environment including a high level of dependency on the market forces for each and every requirement. The partially submerged population is also facing peculiar problems. They will only be given cash compensation without any other compensatory measures. The ‘upstream cost and down stream benefits syndrome’ is strikingly visible in the rehabilitation process. In the urban resettlement process various issues Iike-the validity of survey, classification of urban households and cut off dates are relevant to mention. The positive externalities of the old Tehri town were completely missing in the new urban rehabilitation site. As a whole it can be tentatively said that the process of rehabilitation has been loosely coordinated and badly implemented. The issues of upstream cost, accessibility to common property resources and customary rights are the neglected aspects in the process. The re-organisation of the institutional frame work and granting land ownership rights to the resettlers and quality of the basic amenities are the other inevitable requirements need proper assessment and implementation. The present process of rehabilitation is largely non-participatory and non transparent, which can only be solved through radical measures. These measures are unlikely to be initiated in the present set of Tehri dam administration.
People's participation in alleviation of poverty: A study from tribal area
Authors: Sahay Binay Kumar 
Published: August 2017

A lot of money has been pumped-in to pull the Rural-Tribal-Poor above the poverty-line and to bring them into the mainstream of development process. Different studies prove that the effort as only ‘syphon’ instead of dropped-down in favour of the rural-tribal-poor, to change their pattern of life. In fact, the willingness of the tribal-poor to improve their condition of living has perhaps failed to bring about the desired pace of sustainable growth in the absence of the critical factor i.e. “The spontaneous participation.” The Rainfed Farming Project (RFP) emphasized for shifting the approach of top-down towards the decentralised bottom-up approach through ‘Participatory Approach of Development’. With a view to encourage the rural-poor to develop their own plan, some fundamental considerations have been envisaged to have sustainability of technology and recycling of generated resources along with provision of minimal subsidy instead of highly subsidies approach of government departments. The participation of these tribal-poor in the development process created confidence and led them to build up a platform to plan for their own development.