bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viewing Science
Authors: Giere Ronald N. 
Published: January 2016

A presidential address provides a rare opportunity for public, disciplinary self-reflection. This is particularly true in the context of a joint meeting with related disciplines. Accordingly, rather than simply presenting my own view of science, I shall focus on those of us engaged in viewing science, particularly philosophers, psychologists, historians, and sociologists of science. I will, of course, be doing the viewing From the vantage point of the philosophy of science, which thus fills the foreground. The middle distance will be occupied by the sociology of science, while the history of science and cognitive studies of science occupy the background.I begin with a historical view of the philosophy of science itself. The most common picture of the recent history of the philosophy of science in North America is that, after a long period of dominance, Logical Empiricism was superseded in the 1960s by an historical approach to the philosophy of science inspired by Kuhn's (1962) Structure of Scientific Revolutions.
Poincaré, Richard's Paradox and Indefinite Extensibility
Authors: Clark Peter 
Published: January 2016

Sometimes themes exist only in the eye of the beholder and emerge from the history of mathematics only with the benefit (or otherwise) of hindsight. There is however at least one issue (no doubt there are others) which was clearly present throughout the foundational debates of the early Twentieth century. It formed the core component of one of the major traditions that grew up as responses to the paradoxes, though the intuition behind it has never been fully articulated nor has it been possible to give a fully fledged mathematical articulation to that intuition. Essentially the central idea is that of ‘indefinite extensibility’ generated by an appropriate form of diagonalisation and it has its fundamental source in Richard's paradox and in particular in Poincaré's response to that paradox.Of the four great epistemological concerns around which much of the work in the foundations of mathematics this century has concentrated viz the notions of demonstrability, definability, set or class and computability only the latter clearly falls outside the scope of the Richard type reasoning.
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.F-18 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 18F to include the 2010 result of the LNE-LNHB (France)
Authors: Michotte C , Ratel G , Courte S , Cassette P , Moune M 
Published: January 2016

Since 2001, six national metrology institutes (NMI) have submitted seven samples of known activity of 18F to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.F-18. The values of the activity submitted were between about 1 MBq and 18 MBq. The primary standardization result for the LNE-LNHB, France, replaces their earlier result of 2002 and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been recalculated. In the frame of the BIPM.RI(II)-K4.F18 comparison, the NPL updated their result in the KCDB. Consequently there are now five results in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.F-18 comparison. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical presentation is also given.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
PINCAGE: probabilistic integration of cancer genomics data for perturbed gene identification and sample classification
Authors: Świtnicki Michał P. , Juul Malene , Madsen Tobias , Sørensen Karina D. , Pedersen Jakob S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMotivation: Cancer development and progression is driven by a complex pattern of genomic and epigenomic perturbations. Both types of perturbations can affect gene expression levels and disease outcome. Integrative analysis of cancer genomics data may therefore improve detection of perturbed genes and prediction of disease state. As different data types are usually dependent, analysis based on independence assumptions will make inefficient use of the data and potentially lead to false conclusions.Model: Here, we present PINCAGE (Probabilistic INtegration of CAncer GEnomics data), a method that uses probabilistic integration of cancer genomics data for combined evaluation of RNA-seq gene expression and 450k array DNA methylation measurements of promoters as well as gene bodies. It models the dependence between expression and methylation using modular graphical models, which also allows future inclusion of additional data types.Results: We apply our approach to a Breast Invasive Carcinoma dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas consortium, which includes 82 adjacent normal and 730 cancer samples. We identify new biomarker candidates of breast cancer development (PTF1A, RABIF, RAG1AP1, TIMM17A, LOC148145) and progression (SERPINE3, ZNF706). PINCAGE discriminates better between normal and tumour tissue and between progressing and non-progressing tumours in comparison with established methods that assume independence between tested data types, especially when using evidence from multiple genes. Our method can be applied to any type of cancer or, more generally, to any genomic disease for which sufficient amount of molecular data is available.Availability and implementation: R scripts available at http://moma.ki.au.dk/prj/pincage/Contact: michal.switnicki@clin.au.dk or jakob.skou@clin.au.dkSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
fusionDB: assessing microbial diversity and environmental preferences via functional similarity networks
Authors: Zhu C , Mahlich Y , Miller M , Bromberg Y 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMicrobial functional diversification is driven by environmental factors,i.e.microorganisms inhabiting the same environmental niche tend to be more functionally similar than those from different environments. In some cases, even closely phylogenetically related microbes differ more across environments than across taxa. While microbial similarities are often reported in terms of taxonomic relationships, no existing databases directly links microbial functions to the environment. We previously developed a method for comparing microbial functional similarities on the basis of proteins translated from the sequenced genomes. Here we describefusionDB, a novel database that uses our functional data to represent 1,374 taxonomically distinct bacteria annotated with available metadata: habitat/niche, preferred temperature, and oxygen use. Each microbe is encoded as a set of functions represented by its proteome and individual microbes are connected via common functions. Users can searchfusionDB via combinations of organism names and metadata. Moreover, the web interface allows mapping new microbial genomes to the functional spectrum of reference bacteria, rendering interactive similarity networks that highlight shared functionality.fusionDB provides a fast means of comparing microbes, identifying potential horizontal gene transfer events, and highlighting key environment-specific functionality.fusionDB is publicly available athttp://services.bromberglab.org/fusiondb/.
Shared experience, shared memory: a common structure for brain activity during naturalistic recall
Authors: Chen J. , Leong Y.C. , Norman K.A. , Hasson U. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOur daily lives revolve around sharing experiences and memories with others. When different people recount the same events, how similar are their underlying neural representations? In this study, participants viewed a fifty-minute audio-visual movie, then verbally described the events while undergoing functional MRI. These descriptions were completely unguided and highly detailed, lasting for up to forty minutes. As each person spoke, event-specific spatial patterns were reinstated (movie-vs.-recall correlation) in default network, medial temporal, and high-level visual areas; moreover, individual event patterns were highly discriminable and similar between people during recollection (recall-vs.-recall similarity), suggesting the existence of spatially organized memory representations. In posterior medial cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and angular gyrus, activity patterns during recall were more similar between people than to patterns elicited by the movie, indicating systematic reshaping of percept into memory across individuals. These results reveal striking similarity in how neural activity underlying real-life memories is organized and transformed in the brains of different people as they speak spontaneously about past events.
Mapping challenging mutations by whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Smith Harold E. , Fabritius Amy S. , Jaramillo-Lambert Aimee , Golden Andy 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTWhole-genome sequencing provides a rapid and powerful method for identifying mutations on a global scale, and has spurred a renewed enthusiasm for classical genetic screens in model organisms. The most commonly characterized category of mutation consists of monogenic, recessive traits, due to their genetic tractability. Therefore, most of the mapping methods for mutation identification by whole-genome sequencing are directed toward alleles that fulfill those criteria (i.e., single-gene, homozygous variants). However, such approaches are not entirely suitable for the characterization of a variety of more challenging mutations, such as dominant and semi-dominant alleles or multigenic traits. Therefore, we have developed strategies for the identification of those classes of mutations, using polymorphism mapping inCaenorhabditis elegansas our model for validation. We also report an alternative approach for mutation identification from traditional recombinant crosses, and a solution to the technical challenge of sequencing sterile or terminally arrested strains where population size is limiting. The methods described herein extend the applicability of whole-genome sequencing to a broader spectrum of mutations, including classes that are difficult to map by traditional means.
Voluntary carbon disclosure by Spanish companies: an empirical analysis
Authors: Gonzalez-Gonzalez Jose Maria , Zamora Ramírez Constancio 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to identify and analyze the factors contributing to the decision of organizations to disclose carbon information, as well as its transparency level.Design/methodology/approach– The Tobit regression is used to analyze the results of the Spanish companies that were invited in 2012 to respond to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) questionnaire. The results of this study are interpreted according to the legitimacy and stakeholder theories.Findings– The results show that the probability of carbon disclosure and its transparency level are explained by the influence of pressures from society, markets, shareholders and international interactions. In the Spanish case, the factors that have shown a stronger influence are the size of the company, financial risk, their listing in the IBEX35 and FT500 indexes and the ownership concentration.Originality/value– One of the main contributions of this study to the previous literature lies in the used research method. Thus, while previous studies analyze the factors that can determine whether companies disclose carbon information, this paper has also considered the quantification and differentiation of the effect of these factors on the probability of supplying this information, as well as obtaining a higher score in the CDP questionnaire, representing a higher transparency level in the information provided. For this objective, the usefulness of the Tobit regression is to be highlighted.
Unlocking supply chain disruption risk within the Thai beverage industry
Authors: Tse Ying Kei , Matthews Rupert L. , Hua Tan Kim , Sato Yuji , Pongpanich Chaipong 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– A growing need for global sourcing of business has subjected firms to higher levels of uncertainty and increased risk of supply disruption. Differences in industry and infrastructure make it more difficult for firms to manage supply disruption risks effectively. The purpose of this paper is to extend developing research in this area by addressing gaps within existing literature related to environmental turbulence and uncertainties.Design/methodology/approach– The authors test the model using data collected from 253 senior managers and directors in the Thai beverage industry using advanced statistical techniques to explore the relationship between representations of supply disruption risk and uncertainty.Findings– The results show that both magnitude and probability of risk impact on the disruption risk, but the probability of loss is a dominant determinant. The authors also find that demand uncertainty and quality uncertainty affect the risk perception of purchasing managers, and are related to the magnitude of disruption risk, rather than the frequency of occurrence. Interestingly, the results show that quality uncertainty negatively impacts on the severity of disruption risk.Research limitations/implications– The construct validity of demand uncertainty was under the required threshold, intimating the need for further construct development.Practical implications– The framework provides managers with direction on how to formulate and target their disruption risk management strategies. The work also allows practitioners to critical reflect on implicit risk management strategies they may already employ and their effectiveness.Originality/value– The paper identifies key antecedents of supply disruption risk and tests them within a novel industrial context of the beverage industry and a novel national context of Thailand.
Prior knowledge, transformative learning and performance
Authors: Chih Wen-Hai , Huang Ling-Chu , Yang Tsung-Ju 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the prior knowledge perspective on e-business environments to maintain expertise by firms. The perspectives indicate the crucial of e-service innovation and emphasize the transformative learning in the model.Design/methodology/approach– The model proposed in this study examines the relationships among customer empowerment, normative pressure, innovativeness, transformative learning, and performance. This study presents empirical results from benchmark services in e-markets of Taiwan. There were 225 valid samples to test the proposed model with SEM.Findings– Customer empowerment has significant and positive effects on innovativeness and transformative learning, respectively. Normative pressure has significant and positive effects on innovativeness and transformative learning, respectively. Innovativeness has significant and positive effects on transformative learning. Transformative learning has significant and positive effects on financial, customer, and business performance, respectively. In addition, innovativeness mediates the effects of customer empowerment and normative pressure on transformative learning.Research limitations/implications– This study finds that transformative learning is a crucial role on customer performance. Firms should emphasize on transformative learning of prior market and technological knowledge to achieve customer performance.Originality/value– Customer empowerment is the technological knowledge innovation of e-business environments. However, normative pressure has to implement the market knowledge orientation on e-business environments. Besides, transformative learning has the largest effect on customer performance.
The case study in telecommunications policy research
Authors: Sutherland Ewan 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of case studies in telecommunications policy research (TPR) and to compare and contrast usage with management, management information systems (MIS) and policy analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper conducts a comparative analysis that examines the methodologies used to design and select case studies and the various theories used in their analysis.

Findings
The most sophisticated use of case studies is in management information systems (MIS), distinguishing critical realism, interpretivism and positivism to build theories. In policy analysis and TPR, theories are used to explain case studies, which are chosen as interesting sets of phenomena, rather than as means to extend, falsify or verify theories.

Research limitations/implications
Researchers in telecommunications policy should consider the approaches taken in MIS to determine whether they might improve their rigor. There is also scope for meta-analyses of the existing pool of case studies.

Originality/value
This appears to be the first article examining the use of case studies in TPR.
Children’s section of the Jaffna Public Library: user satisfaction survey
Authors: Chandrasekar Kalpana , Sivathaasan Nadarajah 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– This survey research aims to investigate the level of satisfaction among children (up to 14 years) with regard to facilities and services available at the children’s section of the Jaffna Public Library (JPL, Sri Lanka).

Design/methodology/approach
– A structured questionnaire was distributed among randomly selected members of the children’s section, JPL. Data collected via the structured questionnaire were analysed using SPSS 22.0. In addition to the descriptive analysis, independent samples t-test and f-test were conducted to observe the influence of personal variables on different facets of user satisfaction.

Findings
– The response rate was 67 per cent. Descriptive analysis showed that the prime purpose of visiting the children’s section (JPL) is reading books and other materials. With regard to frequency of visit, 86 per cent of the respondents visit the library three to four times in a week or at least once a week. Results of the f-test indicated that there is no significant difference among different age groups for overall satisfaction of children’s section facilities and services. Results of the t-test revealed that female children are more satisfied with the library environment compared to males. Further, the level of satisfaction with shelf arrangement, library environment and children’s programmes differed significantly between children studying in the bilingual and the Tamil mediums.

Originality/value
– This study reports the empirical findings of the user survey carried out at the children’s section of the JPL.
A comparative study of information literacy provision at university libraries in South Africa and the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Moyo Mathew , Mavodza Judith 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to establish and compare the provision of information literacy (IL) skills to university students both at undergraduate and graduate levels in South Africa (SA) and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This could in turn inform the development of appropriate/suitable IL programmes to support teaching and learning.Design/methodology/approach– A review of available scholarly papers is performed for information collection.Findings– The findings can identify variations in IL provision within and across disciplines, deficiencies in local current and ongoing research.Research limitations/implications– It must be noted that this is a review and conclusions from it are expected to reveal areas that require more in-depth study.Practical implications– The study’s contribution to the field of IL lies in its revelation of what is understood by IL provision and how the ACRL standards are used to guide practice in the two different regions of the world.Originality/value– The study is the first of its kind which compares IL practices at university libraries in SA and the UAE. It will assist policymakers and librarians in the development of appropriate IL programmes in support of teaching and learning.
Primary records: what future?
Authors: Kargbo John Abdul 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to, invariably, critically look at primary records, their origins, categorization, uses and what the future holds for them, amid changing times. From the cradle of civilization, people have been using varied ways to record, store and distribute information. Years back, people kept their records on such materials as wax, papyrus, leather, clay, parchment, paper and wood. But recent technological developments have brought about different formats which in turn have influenced the choice of materials and methods used to write and circulate information.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a viewpoint paper on primary documents in library and information service institutions. The paper critically looks at the different types of primary documents, how they are collected, the challenges involved and their future amid changing technological times. Relevant literature was consulted, including the Internet.

Findings
– The findings are that the future of primary documents will remain bleak if librarians, curators, records managers and archivists do not give serious thought to primary documents regardless of the fact that they are germane in library and information science.

Originality/value
– This is a viewpoint paper on primary documents. Relevant information was drawn from varied readings in library and information service institutions as well as from the Internet.
Xerostomia among older home care clients
Authors: Viljakainen Sari , Nykänen Irma , Ahonen Riitta , Komulainen Kaija , Suominen Anna Liisa , Hartikainen Sirpa , Tiihonen Miia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine drug use and other factors associated with xerostomia in home care clients aged 75 years or older.MethodsThe study sample included 270 home care clients aged ≥75 years living in Eastern and Central Finland. The home care clients underwent in‐home interviews carried out by trained home care nurses, nutritionists, dental hygienists and pharmacists. The collected data contained information on sociodemographic factors, health and oral health status, drug use, depressive symptoms (GDS‐15), cognitive functioning (MMSE), functional ability (Barthel Index, IADL) and nutrition (MNA). The primary outcome was xerostomia status (never, occasionally or continuously).ResultsAmong the home care clients, 56% (n = 150) suffered from xerostomia. Persons with continuous xerostomia used more drugs and had more depressive symptoms and a higher number of comorbidities than other home care clients. In multivariate analyses, excessive polypharmacy (OR = 1.83, 95% Cl 1.08−3.10) and depressive symptoms (OR = 1.12, 95% Cl 1.03−1.22) were associated with xerostomia.ConclusionsXerostomia is a common problem among old home care clients. Excessive polypharmacy, use of particular drug groups and depressive symptoms were associated with xerostomia. The findings support the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the care of older home care clients.