bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is There Evidence for Biologically Significant Size‐Selective Mortality of Coho Salmon During the First Winter of Marine Residence?
Authors: Beacham Terry D. , Neville Chrys M. , Tucker Strahan , Trudel Marc 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe examined whether individual Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in southern British Columbia had to achieve a sufficient size (“critical size”) by the end of the first marine summer to be able to survive through the ensuing fall and winter. Descriptive statistics of seasonal weight distributions were determined. The expected body weight of an individual sampled in one season was projected to the next season with a growth equation tested on Pink Salmon O. gorbuscha. Projected weight frequencies were then compared with observed weight frequencies in the next season to evaluate whether it was necessary to invoke size‐selective mortality to explain the observed weight frequencies in the next season. Based on estimated growth between July and September, a maximum of 9% of the stock in the Strait of Georgia may have been subjected to size‐selective mortality—far lower than the 63–74% mortality estimated in previous studies. Likewise, there was basically no size‐selective mortality between September and November, yet 48% mortality had been reported previously for this period. We could find no evidence of any critical size that age‐1.0 Coho Salmon juveniles in southern British Columbia had to attain by the end of the first summer or fall of marine rearing to enable them to survive the subsequent winter in the ocean. Thus, there was no support for the hypothesis that Coho Salmon had to achieve a sufficient (critical) size by the end of the first marine summer or fall to be able to survive during the winter of their first year of ocean rearing.Received May 31, 2016; accepted January 18, 2017 Published online March 15, 2017
SIApopr: a computational method to simulate evolutionary branching trees for analysis of tumor clonal evolution
Authors: McDonald Thomas O , Michor Franziska 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Summary
SIApopr (Simulating Infinite-Allele populations) is an R package to simulate time-homogeneous and inhomogeneous stochastic branching processes under a very flexible set of assumptions using the speed of C ++. The software simulates clonal evolution with the emergence of driver and passenger mutations under the infinite-allele assumption. The software is an application of the Gillespie Stochastic Simulation Algorithm expanded to a large number of cell types and scenarios, with the intention of allowing users to easily modify existing models or create their own.

Availability and Implementation
SIApopr is available as an R library on Github (https://github.com/olliemcdonald/siapopr).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease in Canada: An update
Authors: Allen Upton 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Revised guidelines for the prevention of early-onset group B streptococ-cal (GBS) infection were recently issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in conjunction with experts from relevant disciplines. These guidelines have been endorsed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Academy of Pediatrics. The CDC recommends one of two prevention strategies. In one strategy, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis is offered to women identified as carriers of GBS through prenatal screening at 35 to 37 weeks’ gestation and to women who develop the premature onset of labour or premature rupture of membranes at less than 37 weeks’ gestation. In the other strategy, intrapartum prophylaxis is offered to women who develop one or more risk factors at the onset of labour or membrane rupture. This document summarizes the revised guidelines and compares and contrasts them with the 1994 Canadian consensus guidelines.
Child health care in Ukraine
Authors: Rieder Michael J 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Ukraineis a republic formed from someof the former Soviet Union's territory. Primary care for children in Ukraine is delivered by paediatricians in polyclinics. Specialty and tertiary care for children is based at children's hospitals, as is postgraduate training in paediatrics. Many challenges to child health care in Ukraine accompanied the collapse of the Soviet Union, includinga lack of resources devoted topublic health and community care, environmental contamination and a system of medical education and delivery of care that is not suited to meet evolving changes in medical care.
“Citizens but for Papers:” Undocumented Youth Organizations, Anti-Deportation Campaigns, and the Reframing of Citizenship
Authors: Patler Caitlin 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Scholars have documented strong anti-immigrant bias in mainstream media portrayals and public sentiment, especially associated with notions of “illegality.” Yet certain groups of undocumented immigrants have been able to defend their continued residency. How are undocumented immigrants, as marginalized subjects, able to make claims for legal and social recognition? Through an analysis of 125 anti-deportation campaigns led by undocumented youth organizations in the United States, I show how organizations developed a nationally coordinated model using citizenship frames to challenge deportations and build support for pro-immigrant legislation. Citizenship frames are based in legal and normative ideologies of citizenship that underscore acculturation, civic engagement, and humanitarian concerns. The campaigns highlight undocumented immigrants’ social integration, deservingness, and practice of citizenship, therefore contesting the boundaries between citizen and noncitizen, and between lawful and unlawful. Though citizenship frames are used across cases, campaign tactics vary: students are portrayed as high-achievers who would suffer greatly if deported, while campaigns for non-students emphasize the detrimental effects of deportation on others. Importantly, citizenship frames are bounded by the government’s priorities for immigration enforcement, with potentially negative consequences for those immigrants considered less than model citizens.
Angioedema
Authors: LoVerde Daniel , Files Daniel Clark , Krishnaswamy Guha 
Published: March 2017

Objectives:
Angioedema is a potentially life-threatening occurrence that is encountered by critical care providers. The mechanistic understanding of angioedema syndromes has improved in recent years, and novel medications are available that improve outcomes from these syndromes. This clinically focused review will describe the underlying genetics, pathophysiology, classification and treatment of angioedema syndromes, with an emphasis on the novel pharmacologic agents that have recently become available for acute treatment.

Data Sources:
A MEDLINE search was conducted with the MeSH terms angioedema, acquired angioedema, hereditary angioedema type III, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema.

Study Selection:
Selected publications describing angioedema, clinical trials, diagnosis, management, and genetics were retrieved (reviews, guidelines, clinical trials, case series), and their bibliographies were also reviewed to identify relevant publications.

Data Extraction:
Data from the relevant publications were reviewed, summarized and the information synthesized.

Data Synthesis:
The data obtained were used to describe the current state of diagnosis and management of various angioedema syndromes.

Conclusions:
Angioedema is a life-threatening syndrome with multiple subtypes, each with a distinct pathophysiology. We present an evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and suggested management of various subtypes of angioedema. Securing the airway remains the most important intervention, followed by administration of both established and more novel pharmacologic interventions based on disease pathology.
Influence of Extent of Lymph Node Evaluation on Survival for Pathologically Lymph Node Negative Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Becker Daniel J. , Levy Benjamin P. , Gold Heather T. , Sherman Scott E. , Makarov Danil V. , Schreiber David , Wisnivesky Juan P. , Pass Harvey I. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives:
Despite previous retrospective reports that the number of lymph nodes resected at curative intent surgery for lung cancer correlates with overall survival (OS), no consensus exists regarding the minimal nor optimal number of lymph nodes to resect at curative lung cancer surgery.

Methods:
We studied subjects in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Database (SEER) diagnosed with non–small cell lung cancer between 2000 and 2011 who underwent either lobectomy or pneumonectomy and had pathologic negative nodal evaluation. We excluded patients with sublobar resection and/or no lymph node evaluation. We examined associations between number of lymph nodes evaluated and OS/lung cancer-specific survival by multivariable Cox regression; and predictors of evaluation of more lymph nodes.

Results:
Among the 33,463 patients in our sample, a median of 7 lymph nodes were evaluated. We found that lung cancer-specific survival and OS improved with increasing lymph node evaluation up to 16 to 18 lymph nodes (hazard ratio, 0.77 [95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.85] and 0.78 [95% confidence interval, 0.72-0.86], respectively). There was little additional improvement in outcomes with evaluation of >16 to 18 lymph nodes. Blacks, Hispanics, females, and patients from distinct geographical regions were less likely to have 16 or more lymph nodes evaluated.

Conclusions:
There was a consistently increasing survival benefit associated with a more extensive lymph node evaluation at lung cancer resection, up to 16 to 18 lymph nodes removed. The median number of nodes evaluated was, however, only 7, suggesting that setting a goal of ≥16 examined lymph nodes may lead to improved survival outcomes, and reduce disparities in care.
Discord Among Radiation Oncologists and Urologists in the Postoperative Management of High-Risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kishan Amar U. , Duchesne Gillian , Wang Pin-Chieh , Rwigema Jean-Claude M. , Kishan Arun U. , Saigal Christopher , Rettig Matthew , Steinberg Michael L. , King Christopher R. 
Published: March 2017

Objective:
To query specialty-specific differences regarding postoperative radiotherapy (RT) for high-risk prostate cancer.

Materials and Methods:
Electronic mail survey of radiation oncologists (ROs) and urologists. We sought to maximize absolute response number to capture contemporary practice ethos. The outcome of interest was association between response and specialty. Training level/expertise, practice setting, percentage of consultation caseload consisting of high-risk prostate cancer, and nationality were set as effect modifiers for multivariate logistic regression.

Results:
In total, 846 ROs and 407 urologists responded. ROs were more likely to prefer adjuvant radiotherapy (ART). ART or early salvage radiotherapy (SRT, with early SRT defined as that delivered at prostate-specific antigen<0.2), whereas urologists were more likely to prefer early or delayed SRT (P<0.0001). ROs were more likely to prefer lower PSA thresholds for initiating SRT (P<0.0001), and more likely to recommend ART in the setting of adverse pathologic features or node-positive disease (P<0.0001). Significantly more ROs would recommend concurrent androgen deprivation therapy or pelvic nodal RT in the setting of node-positive or Gleason score 8 to 10 disease (P<0.0001).

Conclusions:
Specialty-specific differences were readily elucidated with respect to timing and indications for ART and SRT, as well as for indications for androgen deprivation therapy and nodal RT. These differences are likely to create a sense of dissonance for patients, which may in turn explain the underutilization of postoperative RT in general practice.
Locally Recurrent Lentigo Maligna and Lentigo Maligna Melanoma: Characteristics and Time to Recurrence After Surgery
Authors: Connolly Karen L. , Hibler Brian P. , Lee Erica H. , Rossi Anthony M. , Busam Klaus J. , Nehal Kishwer S. 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND
Various studies have reported local recurrence (LR) rates after surgical treatment of lentigo maligna (LM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM). However, the time to LR of LM/LMM is not currently known, as few studies report time to LR and have long-term follow-up.

OBJECTIVE
To define time to LR in LM/LMM after surgical treatment, and to describe features of observed LR.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Retrospective single-center study of consecutive patients presenting with locally recurrent LM/LMM.

RESULTS
Six hundred forty-nine cases of LM/LMM were reviewed; 29 (21 LM, and 8 LMM) of 41 locally recurrent cases had original histology reports and were included. The mean time to LR was 57.5 months (range 7–194). For cases presenting as primary LM, LR was also in situ in 14/21 (67%) of cases. Seven of 21 LM recurred as LMM. Of the 8 primary LMM, 3/8 (37.5%) presented with subsequent LMM and all were slightly deeper on re-excision.

CONCLUSION
The mean time to LR of LM/LMM is at least 57.5 months, underscoring the importance of long-term follow-up. Seven of 21 LM recurred as invasive disease, but the lack of development of LMM from LM in most recurrent cases confirms LM is slowly progressive.
Preoperative Computed Tomography Assessment for Perinephric Fat Invasion: Comparison With Pathological Staging
Authors: Landman Jaime , Park Jae Young , Zhao Chenhui , Baker Molly , Hofmann Martin , Helmy Mohammad , Lall Chandana , Bozoghlanian Mari , Okhunov Zhamshid 
Published: March 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) imaging in diagnosing perinephric fat (PNF) invasion in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and preoperative CT images of 161 patients (105 men and 56 women) for pT1–pT3a renal cell carcinoma. We analyzed the predictive accuracy of CT criteria for PNF invasion stratified by tumor size. We determined the predictive value of CT findings in diagnosing PNF invasion using logistic regression analysis.

Results
The overall accuracy of perinephric (PN) soft-tissue stranding, peritumoral vascularity, increased density of the PNF, tumoral margin, and contrast-enhancing soft-tissue nodule to predict PNF invasion were 56%, 59%, 35%, 80%, and 87%, respectively. Perinephric soft-tissue stranding and peritumoral vascularity showed high sensitivity but low specificity regardless of tumor size. A contrast-enhancing soft-tissue nodule showed low sensitivity but high specificity in predicting PNF invasion. Among tumors 4 cm or less, PN soft-tissue stranding showed 100% sensitivity and 70% specificity, and tumor margin showed 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity. Among CT criteria for PNF invasion, PN soft-tissue stranding was chosen as the only significant factor for assessing PNF invasion by logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions
Computed tomography does not seem to reliably predict PNF invasion. However, PN soft-tissue stranding was shown to be the only significant factor for predicting PNF invasion, which showed good accuracy with high sensitivity and high specificity in tumors 4 cm or less.
Computed Tomography Perfusion Following Transarterial Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Feasibility Study in the Early Period
Authors: Wimmer Thomas , Steiner Juergen , Talakic Emina , Stauber Rudolf , Quehenberger Franz , Portugaller Rupert Horst , Schoellnast Helmut 
Published: March 2017

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of computed tomography (CT) perfusion in early follow-up after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
Fifteen patients with a total of 16 HCC who were referred to our institution for TACE were included in the study. Computed tomography perfusion was performed within 1 to 3 days before and 4 to 7 days after TACE. Multiphase contrast-enhanced CT was performed 35 (SD, 20) days after TACE. Hepatic arterial blood flow and portal venous blood flow, as well as the perfusion index (PI), were calculated for each HCC using the dual input maximum slope method. Visual grading of the PI and visual grading of the amount of deposition of embolic material within the HCC were performed using a 6-step scale. Differences in perfusion before and after TACE and correlation of perfusion before TACE with the amount of embolization material depositions 1 week and 1 month after TACE were tested.

Results
No statistically significant correlation was found between pre-TACE perfusion parameters and the amount of embolization material deposition in the post-TACE studies. There was no statistically significant difference between pre- and post-TACE arterial blood flow and portal venous blood flow, whereas PI was significantly lower after TACE. Congruently, visual grading of PI was statistically significantly lower after TACE. There was no statistically significant difference in quantitative pre-TACE and post-TACE PI between tumors, which showed hypervascularization in the multiphase follow-up CT and tumors that did not show hypervascularization. However, tumors that showed hypervascularization in the multiphase follow-up CT had significantly higher visual grading of PI after TACE than tumors that did not show hypervascularization.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that visual interpretation of the PI of HCC derived from dual-input maximum slope CT perfusion may be an early predictor of response to TACE.
Exact firing time statistics of neurons driven by discrete inhibitory noise
Authors: Olmi Simona , Angulo-Garcia David , Imparato Alberto , Torcini Alessandro 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTNeurons in the intact brain receive a continuous and irregular synaptic bombardment from excitatory and inhibitory presynaptic neurons, which determines the firing activity of the stimulated neuron. In orderto investigate the influence of inhibitory stimulation on the firing time statistics, we consider Leaky Integrate-and-Fire neurons subject to inhibitory instantaneous postsynaptic potentials. In particular, we report exact results for the firing rate, the coefficient of variation and the spike train spectrum for various synaptic weight distributions. Our results are not limited to stimulations of infinitesimal amplitude, but they apply as well to finite amplitude post-synaptic potentials, thus being able to capture the effect of rare and large spikes. The developed methods are able to reproduce also the average firing properties of heterogeneous neuronal populations.
Information Theory and Stem Cell Biology
Authors: Smith Rosanna C. G. , MacArthur Ben D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo outline how ideas from Information Theory may be used to analyze single cell data and better understand stem cell behaviour.Recent findingsRecent technological breakthroughs in single cell profiling have made it possible to interrogate cell-to-cell variability in a multitude of contexts, including the role it plays in stem cell dynamics. Here we review how measures from information theory are being used to extract biological meaning from the complex, high-dimensional and noisy datasets that arise from single cell profiling experiments. We also discuss how concepts linking information theory and statistical mechanics are being used to provide insight into cellular identity, variability and dynamics.SummaryWe provide a brief introduction to some basic notions from information theory and how they may be used to understand stem cell identities at the single cell level. We also discuss how work in this area might develop in the near future.
Process and performance of electroless nickel plating on AZ91D magnesium alloy
Authors: Shao Zhongcai , Zhang Feifei , Cai Zhiqiang , Hu Rong 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of the investigation was to research the best process of electroless nickel (EN) plating on AZ91D magnesium alloy and the performance of EN plating coating.

Design/methodology/approach
Through single factor test and orthogonal test, EN plating on AZ91D magnesium alloy was researched. The plating rate and porosity were analyzed. The coating appearance of EN plating coating and magnesium alloy substrate was evaluated. The electrochemical properties of EN plating coating and substrate were researched using electrochemical workstation, and their compositions and structure were examined using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.

Findings
The results made by combination of experimental and orthogonal test showed that the best formula of EN plating was 8.8 g·L−1 nickel ion, 25 g·L−1 lactic acid, 28 g·L−1 reducing agent, 1.8 ml·L−1 corrosion inhibitor, 1 mg·L−1 stabilizer, temperature at 85°C and pH value at 5.5. The plating was uniform, dense and with no cracks. The electrochemical tests showed that the corrosion resistance of EN plating was better than that of magnesium alloy substrate.

Originality/value
The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy improved markedly after EN plating at the best formula and the plating covered magnesium alloy completely.
Accounting conservatism, corporate governance and political connections
Authors: Mohammed Nor Farizal , Ahmed Kamran , Ji Xu-Dong 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between accounting conservatism, corporate governance and political connection in listed firms in Malaysia where political influence plays a significant role in the capital market and in many business dealings.Design/methodology/approachBy utilizing 824 firm-year observations comprising large listed companies over a period of four years from 2004, this study uses ordinary least squares regression models to investigate the relationship between accounting conservatism, corporate governance and political connections in Malaysia. Multiple measures of conservatism developed by Basu (1997) and Khan and Watts (2009) are employed.FindingsThe results show evidence of accounting conservatism (bad news being recognized earlier than good news) in Malaysia. Further, the results reveal that better corporate governance structure in terms of board independence is positively associated with accounting conservatism while management ownership is negatively associated with it. However, political connection has a negative moderating effect on the positive relationship between accounting conservatism and board independence. The results also suggest political connections have a positive association with firm’s future performance.Originality/valueThis study is the first in investigating the effect of political connections on accounting conservatism in Malaysian context and how political connections negatively affect the monitoring role of the corporate boards. By directly measuring political connection and controlling for various corporate governance mechanisms and firm-specific attributes, this study contributes to enhance the authors’ understanding of the political influence in financial reporting quality and firm performance in an emerging market setting.