bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Frequency Characteristics of Adolescent Females
Authors: Duffy Robert J. 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of the present study was to obtain data descriptive of the vocal pitch characteristics of adolescent females. The speaking voices of females at ages 11, 13 and 15 years were recorded and measured using standard phonellescopic procedures. Data are presented describing the average fundamental frequency of the speaking voice, variability of pitch usage and incidence of frequency breaks (voice breaks) for the three age levels studied. Observations are made of the relationship between menarche and changing fundamental frequency levels. These data are compared with similar data on males and females of other age levels from previous studies. The data are reviewed and discussed as to their implication for a description of female voice change.
Fool's Gold
Authors: Hertig Paul 
Published: July 2017

They've got a name for the winners of the world, I want a name when I lose They call Alabama the Crimson Tide, Call me deacon blues The title of this study is deliberately ambiguous. “Fool's gold” is known to be false gold; gold for fools, gold that fools. However, with an emphasis on gold rather than on fool, “fool's gold” means gold from a fool, my intended meaning. I am deliberately ambiguous, however, because, for his readers, Paul's use of the word “fool” is just plain folly; they miss the point, and cannot get beyond the plain meaning. Furthermore, Paul himself was ambiguous in his self-portrayal as fool. In one breath he says “Let no one take me for a fool.” In another he states just the opposite: “we are fools for Christ” and “God's foolishness is wiser than human wisdom.” He also states, “you should become fools so that you may become wise (2 Cor 11:16, 17; 1 Cor 4:10; 1 Cor 1:25; 1 Cor 3:18). Paul reinforces his self-description of “fool” for Christ (4:9) with ancient Greek theater imagery. Most notable is: “spectacle” ( theatron); “be imitators” ( mimetai — the verbal form of the mime); and “fool” ( môros, or “moron”) — a bit part, low class actor in the mime. Through theater imagery, Paul weaves together theological, sociological, and political themes that lie at the heart of his missiological engagement with the world. Paul's nuances of ‘fool’ reveal the secret of humility and suffering in the context of discipleship. His assertion, “imitate me” in the “ways of the Lord” (4:16.17), speaks to issues that divide the Corinthian community: imitate me, the low class fool, the team player, rather than the wise of the world that set themselves above others. Paul's use of ‘fool’ is examined in 1 Corinthians 4, satirically, ironically, historically, theologically, and missiologically. This opens up windows to the contemporary emerging church and its inverted nature as a contrast to traditional church structures and hierarchies.
The Great Revival of 1907 in Korea: Its Cause and Effect
Authors: Cho Eunsik 
Published: July 2017

The Great Revival of 1907 in Korea and the church growth of the 1970s have common aspects. In the early 1900s, the Korean people had experienced national misfortune and Japanese political interference. In the 1970s, the dictatorship of the military government was strongly oppressing people. Political and social unrest encouraged people to turn to God for answers. Another common thread was the church leaders' neutral attitude toward the political authority. Those two events have “dehistorical” and “denational” aspects. Missionaries of the 1900s and pastors of the 1970s changed the direction of mission or ministry from national concerns to spiritual dimensions, and from being against injustice to obeying authority. As a result, the Korean church grew in numbers, but the Korean church minimized its social concerns and forgot its prophetic role in society. One of the important lessons is that although people had a certain intention or plan, the Holy Spirit worked in different ways through those events.
Nitrile-EPDM Polymer Blends Fundamental Considerations for Development of Key Properties
Authors: Mitchell Julian M. 
Published: July 2017

The method of polymer-carbon black addition to the Banbury has a very definite effect on the development of the NBR-EPDM blend features. The conventional mix provides excellent dispersion, the best balance of properties and the best economics. The cure system has an important influence on the blend properties. Sulfur-accelerator cures designed for co-vulcanization of NBR-EPDM develop uniform physical properties through the entire blend range. Peroxide cures also provide uniform physical properties, better oil resistance and better ozone resistance at low levels of EPDM. The EPDM polymer composition has a dramatic effect on the blend properties. An EPDM polymer with equivalent viscosities and high unsaturation has good development of the essential blend properties. However, an EPDM polymer which is higher in viscosity and ethylene with normal unsaturation, the physical properties are constant through the entire blend range.
Fabricating With Liquid Silicone Rubber
Authors: Hays W. R. , Kehrer G. P. , Monroe C. M. 
Published: July 2017

During the last several years, new systems have been developed for the production of silicone rubber parts. These systems offer major reductions in both capital and labor costs. This paper discusses these developments with an emphasis on material properties and potential benefits to the user. The principal methods used to produce molded parts and supported extrusions from liquid silicone rubber are described. Advantages of these systems include quick cure, pumpability, ease of use and lack of solvents. Data documenting the good heat stability, flame retardance, and improved compression set characteristics of the liquid silicone rubbers are presented. In addition, case histories will illustrate the primary benefit of reduced cost per finished part derived from the fast cycle times, lower energy requirements and automation available from this new technology.
Tracking Resistance of Flame Retardant Glass Reinforced PBT
Authors: Tjahjadi Mahari , Gallucci Robert R. 
Published: July 2017

While polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) resins have excellent electrical properties, addition of standard brominated flame retardants (FR) is known to diminish electrical performance. However many electrical devices, such as switches and especially circuit breakers, require ignition resistance imparted by the bromine additives. A new mineral glass filled FR-PBT technology has been developed that retains the mechanical properties and easy flow of the existing FR-PBT thermoplastics while improving electrical properties to the level of performance seen in thermoset resins. Products using the new additive technology have been developed that give UL-94 FR ratings of V-0 at 0.75 mm, 5VA at 2 mm and CTI values of over 600 volts. Devices made from this resin also show arc resistance of >180 sec (class 4). High amp arc ignition is >120 arcs. Thermal index with electrical properties is 130°C.
Solving Heat Dissipation Problems in Unidirectional Composite Structure
Authors: Amazouz M. , Gauvin R. 
Published: July 2017

Due to their poor thermal conductivity, plastic based composites could have high local temperatures when heated. The rigidity of the material could then decrease dramatically leading to a premature failure when it's loaded. In order to avoid such problem, heat dissipation is necessary. When heat transfer by cooling becomes difficult, conductive material fillers could be added to the raw material, providing that they would not reduce its strength. Metallic fillers are used in the industry under various forms depending on the manufacturing process. This paper presents the results of a finite element analysis of the heat dissipation capacity of a unidirectional GFRE in which highly heat conductive carbon fibers are added. The study shows the effect of the thermal conductivity, the amount and the dispersion of such fillers on the temperature decrease in the composite submitted to a concentrated transient heat source. An increase of the filler conductivity has a significant effect on the temperature drop at the neutral axis of the unidirectional composite. However, when the filler conductivity is high, a "breakover" point beyond which continued increase in the filler thermal conductivity has small benefits. In this paper, it is shown that the replacement of a small amount of glass fibers by carbon fibers, leads to an important decrease in the temperature in the composite. A continued increase in the volume fraction of the conductive material, has little effect on the temperature decrease. The study also shows that the distribution of the conductive fibers in the composite cross-section has an important effect on its thermal efficiency.
Role of Cytomegalovirus Replication in Alopecia Areata Pathogenesis
Authors: Offidani Annamaria , Amerio Paolo , Bernardini Maria Luisa , Feliciani Claudio , Bossi Guido 
Published: July 2017

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been correlated with various autoimmune disorders. Using molecular biology techniques, DNA sequences of CMV have been reported in paraffin sections of alopecia areata (AA) lesions. Reactivation of the CMV infection has been postulated as one of the pathogenic mechanisms in AA. Other studies, using different techniques however have demonstrated no correlation between CMV and AA. Objectives: This study was to clarify the role of CMV infection and to demonstrate the absence of replication of other autoimmune diseases-related herpes virus (EBV) in the pathogenesis of AA. Methods: After extraction of mRNA from tissue samples of a patient with active patchy AA, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was carried out using primers specific for some viral members of the β-herpes viridae family (CMV, EBV, HSV). Results: No replication of the CMV or other β-herpes viridae has been detected in any of the samples collected. Conclusions: The results strongly support the hypothesis that CMV is not the triggering factor in AA, neither as a re-activator of the immune response nor as a trigger of the autoimmunity. No other herpes virus is implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Isotretinoin Use in Acne: Prospective Evaluation of Adverse Events
Authors: Hull Peter R. , Demkiw-Bartel Coby 
Published: July 2017

Background: Isotretinoin is an effective treatment for severe acne. Although the spectrum of side effects has been well documented, the changing incidence of such side effects over the course of treatment has not been studied in detail. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to examine a group of patients monthly over their course of treatment and prospectively document the side effects experienced. Methods: Over the period between January 1991 and July 1996, 124 courses of treatment with isotretinoin for severe acne were followed. The patients were treated for 4 months at a dose of 1 mg per kg body weight. A questionnaire was administered monthly, inquiring specifically about side effects known to be associated with isotretinoin. Any additional side effects were also noted. Results: The majority of patients experienced persistent dryness of lips. Dry eyes affected 40% of patients; this continued throughout treatment in 25%. Contact lens wearers were more likely to develop conjunctivitis. Lower back pain was reported early in about 30% of patients and fewer than 10% of patients would develop it later in the course of treatment. Arthralgia was noted in 16.5% of patients at the first visit and there was little change with ongoing treatment. Hair loss was experienced in a small percentage but was rarely noted on more than one occasion. Headaches occurred in less than 10% and were occasionally severe, but most often intermittent and recorded at a single visit. Depression occurred in 4% of patients and tended to persist throughout the treatment. All these patients completed the full course of treatment. Conclusion: This prospective analysis has shown that patients treated with isotretinoin experienced a predictable series of side effects. Some occurred fleetingly, but several persisted for the duration of treatment.
Long-Term Hair Removal Using a 3-Millisecond Alexandrite Laser
Authors: Laughlin Sharyn A. , Dudley Denis K. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Laser epilation is now used widely as a clinical alternative to electrolysis for the removal of unwanted hair. All of the laser systems presently being used produce a reliable temporary hair loss by inducing telogen. Most of the published studies use follow-up periods of 6 months or less after the last treatment and cannot address the issue of permanency. Since many patients desire permanent hair loss, there is a need for specific information on the exact benefits and limitations of each particular system. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of hair loss attained by a single treatment with a 3-msec alexandrite laser. A designated period for follow-up was used to address the issue of long-term benefits. Methods: A single treatment was carried out on 25 study sites with a 3-msec alexandrite laser at 755 nm using fluences of 30 to 50 joules/cm2. Hair counts were obtained manually by two independent observers marking terminal hairs under magnification. The counts were repeated using photographic images and the average of the four readings taken. The degree of hair loss was calculated at a time after treatment equal to one complete growth cycle for the particular anatomic site. A second measurement was obtained at a time equal to one growth cycle plus 6 months to determine whether any hair loss had remained stable. Results: The average hair loss at the first follow-up time was 43%, with 60% of sites showing a hair loss of >30%. The hair loss remained stable and the reduction in hair density at both designated times was statistically significant (p < .05). Conclusion: A normal-mode alexandrite laser achieves a long-term alopecia and may result in a permanent loss of terminal hair after one treatment at fluences of 30 to 50 joules/cm2.
Chronic Urticaria: A Canadian Perspective on Patterns and Practical Management Strategies
Authors: Sharma Jasdeep K. , Miller Robert , Murray Scott 
Published: July 2017

Background: Chronic urticaria is a common condition and is a source of great frustration to patients. It has been suggested that there may be differences among physicians in their approach to this common clinical entity. Objective and Method: A questionnaire was distributed Canada-wide to allergists, dermatologists, and a selection of practitioners with an interest in alternative medicine. The survey included questions on demographics, epidemiology, causative factors, diagnostic methods, therapeutic strategies, follow-up advice, and efficacy of therapies, with emphasis on personal experience. Results: The response rates of allergists and dermatologists were 31% and 36%, respectively. There was wide representation from all regions of Canada and from physicians from all age groups, both genders, different types of practice, and years in practice. The reported incidence per month was 13 and 4 patients for allergists and dermatologists, respectively. The prevalence was 199 and 44 patients by allergists and dermatologists, respectively. Comparison of causative factors showed differences in the experiences of the two groups. Diagnostic investigations were requested in a similar pattern with respect to timing. The specific tests ordered by the groups showing statistical difference were complete blood count (CBC), differential, C4 complement, antinuclear antibodies, and IgE antibody assay. Allergists chose the skin prick test (100%) as the most important allergy test. Dermatologists ranked skin prick (50%), radioallergosorbent test (RAST) (20%), and skin patch (30%) as the most important tests. The top six choices of pharmaceutical therapies chosen by the groups were similar, but in a slightly different order. The responders ranked their personal selection of antihistamines according to effectiveness. Hydroxyzine (Atarax®) and cetirizine (Reactine®, Allegra®) were selected as first and second most effective agents by both groups. The results also show effective experience by both groups with nonsedating and sedating antihistamines. Also, doxepin, ketotifen, and cimetidine are used frequently by both groups. The experience of dermatologists in Canada with respect to other modalities including psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy, danazol, chelation, calcium channel blockers, and acyclovir is limited and efficacy is ranked either neutral or ineffective. Allergists reported even less experience with these therapies. Conclusion: Allergists and dermatologists across Canada show interesting similarities and differences in their practical approach to the management of chronic urticaria. With the sharing of this information, these two specialties will be better equipped to effectively manage patients suffering from chronic urticaria.
Trichophyton Rubrum Tinea Capitis in an 85-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Bargman Howard 
Published: July 2017

Background: Tinea capitis is a worldwide problem and occurs most commonly in young children. Certain common fungal types are most often recognized as the responsible infecting organism. Objective: This article presents the case of an elderly woman with tinea capitis caused by a fungal organism that rarely infects hair. A review of the world literature provides evidence of only a few other similar cases. Conclusions: Trichophyton rubrum causing tinea capitis in adults is a rare but now increasingly recognized entity. This possibility should be kept in mind when caring for adults with nonhealing scalp conditions.
Histopathologic Findings in the Alopecia Associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease
Authors: DiPreta Edward A. , Smith Kathleen J. , Williams John , Skelton Henry 
Published: July 2017

Background: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a rare autoimmune disease primarily involving pigmented structures. The commonly associated alopecia usually precedes leukodermic changes seen in the hair and skin. Objective: We present a 46-year-old oriental woman with VKH disease who developed diffuse alopecia followed by the regrowth of nonpigmented hairs. The biopsy specimens showed a peribulbar mononuclear infiltrate with increased telogen/catagemanagen follicles. The most prominent additional histologic finding was melanin pigment release from the matrix into the dermal papillae, fibrous tracks, and surrounding perifollicular sheaths. The peribulbar mononuclear cells showed diffuse immunohistochemical staining of approximately 80 to 90% of the cells for CD3, CD45RO. More than 50% of the mononuclear cells showed positive staining for CD4, whereas approximately 10 to 20% showed staining for TIA with TIA+ cells within the follicular epithelium. Conclusion: Although the histologic features seen in the alopecia associated with VKH are consistent with alopecia areata, the prominent pigment release does suggest that the prime target are the melanocytes and that keratinocytes may be secondarily involved.
Treatment of Self-Mutilation with Olanzapine
Authors: Garnis-Jones Sylvia , Collins Stephen , Rosenthal Donald 
Published: July 2017

Background: Self-mutilation or dermatitis artefacta is a facet of a much broader spectrum of factitial disease. Three nonpsychotic patients with self-mutilation are presented in this article who were successfully treated with low dose olanzapine when all other modalities of therapy had failed, including trials with numerous antidepressants and antipsychotics. Objective: The patients were simultaneously evaluated and treated by a dermatologist and a psychiatrist who run the psychodermatology or consultation-liaison clinic based at McMaster University. After dermatologic conditions had been excluded as a cause of the clinical findings, olanzapine was prescribed on a trial basis due to its low risk of parkinsonian side-effects and its antihistaminic properties. Conclusions: The excellent clinical response of the patients can be attributed to the low side-effect profile of the drug but also to the anti-impulsive effect which stems not only from antihistaminic properties but also from its anti-dopamine and serotonin-blocking action.
Cutaneous Reactions Associated with Vitamin K1
Authors: Wilkins Karl , DeKoven Joel , Assaad Dalai 
Published: July 2017

Background: Vitamin K1 (phytonadione) is a fat-soluble, naturally occurring vitamin used to treat certain coagulation disorders. A review of the adverse cutaneous reactions to Vitamin K1 is important because this diagnosis can be easily overlooked. This is due to their low incidence and because the presentation and morphology can vary considerably. Objective: The objective of this article is to summarize the different morphologies, the natural history, and the treatment of the cutaneous reactions reported to Vitamin K1 Methods: A case of a patient who developed a localized eczematous plaque at the site of a vitamin K1 injection is outlined. A review of the English medical literature focused on the adverse cutaneous reactions associated with intramuscular or subcutaneous use of vitamin K1 Results: Our patient developed a localized eczematous reaction to subcutaneous vitamin K1 The eruption developed within 7 days of her dose of vitamin K1 The eruption persisted for 18 months despite treatment with topical and intralesional steroids. There are three distinct types of cutaneous reactions to vitamin K1 localized eczematous, localized morphea-form, and, very rarely, diffuse maculopapular eruption. The eczematous type (32 cases) appears at the site of injection, and the median number of days between injection and appearance of the eruption is 13 days. The dose range required to initiate the reaction is broad (10 to 410 mg). Thirteen of 32 cases took more than 2 months to resolve. The morphea-form type (7 cases) is a localized morphea-form patch that appears at the site of injection. The average delay before presentation of morphea-form changes was 8.5 months (range: 5 weeks-1.5 years). The dose range is broad (30–2080 mg), and the prognosis for resolution very poor. Conclusion: The diagnosis of an adverse cutaneous reaction to vitamin K can be made if the possibility is considered. Many of these reactions are very slow to clear up and some may persist as a chronic sclerodermoid change. Managing these reactions may be frustrating for both the patient and the clinician.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Adult Head Lice (Pediculus Humanus Capitis) with Focus on Clinical Implications
Authors: Burkhart Craig N. , Burkhart Craig G. , Gunning William T. 
Published: July 2017

Background: The incidence of head lice infestations in North America is escalating with an estimated 12 million cases of head lice per year despite the existence of insecticidal therapies. Objective: To evaluate certain characteristics of the human head louse, including their chitinous structure, nymphal developmental stages, legs with claw adaptations, antennae with sensory perceptions, and spiracles by which oxygen exchange occurs, for assessment of possible means to control the spread and growth of this insect. Methods: Scanning electron-microscopic examination of head lice was performed. Results: Newer treatments of head lice must acknowledge defense mechanisms that are based on anatomic structure and physiologic characteristics, details of louse transmission, and the insects' ability to ‘resurrect’ after sham death. Conclusions: An understanding of lice entomology is essential in the pursuit of novel means to control the lice epidemic.