bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Sol–Gel Alumina‐Supported Cobalt Catalyst Processing to Cobalt Speciation, Ethanol Steam Reforming Activity, and Stability
Authors: Passos Aline R. , Martins Leandro , Pulcinelli Sandra H. , Santilli Celso V. , Briois Valérie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe effect of sol–gel alumina characteristics on the supported Co catalyst properties was investigated at the different steps of catalyst preparation. Porous alumina with variable surface reactivity were prepared from the sol–gel transition and the spinodal decomposition induced by polymers. The hydrophobicity of polymer or the calcination temperature controls the amount of the hydroxyl groups. The dried catalysts are composed of cobalt alumina hydrotalcite‐like compounds up to 64 %. After calcination, higher proportions of CoAl2O4 are observed in the alumina presenting a greater content of hydroxyl and hydrotalcite. The Co speciation during activation investigated by Quick X‐ray absorption spectroscopy evidences that both Co3O4 and CoAl2O4 are first fully reduced to CoO and then partially transformed into point‐like Co0 nucleus. The catalysts were highly active in the ethanol steam reforming reaction; however, coke deposition leads to deactivation. This deleterious effect was minimized for catalysts operating with a CoO/Co0 ratio close to 1:3.
Secondary‐Rim γ‐Cyclodextrin Functionalization to Conjugate with C60: Improved Efficacy as a Photosensitizer
Authors: Zhu Xiaolei , Quaranta Annamaria , Bensasson René V. , Sollogoub Matthieu , Zhang Yongmin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDIBAL‐H‐mediated demethylation provides a novel method to access secondary‐rim functionalized γ‐cyclodextrin. 2A,3B‐Dihydroxyl‐per‐O‐methylated‐γ‐cyclodextrin has been obtained, whose conjugation with C60 allows access to the most water‐soluble C60 conjugate described so far. The water solubility of 0.12 m (550 mg mL−1) is 150 times higher than that of the native γ‐CD/C60 complex. Its singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield is 0.39, an increase of one to two orders of magnitude compared to that of α(β)CD–C60 conjugates.
Simulation of nonlinear transient elastography: finite element model for the propagation of shear waves in homogeneous soft tissues
Authors: Ye W. , Bel‐Brunon A. , Catheline S. , Combescure A. , Rochette M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, visco‐hyperelastic Landau's model, which is widely used in acoustical physic field, is introduced into a finite element formulation. It is designed to model the nonlinear behaviour of finite amplitude shear waves in soft solids, typically, in biological tissues. This law is used in finite element models based on elastography, experiments reported in Jacob et al, the simulations results show a good agreement with the experimental study: It is observed in both that a plane shear wave generates only odd harmonics and a nonplane wave generates both odd and even harmonics in the spectral domain. In the second part, a parametric study is performed to analyse the influence of different factors on the generation of odd harmonics of plane wave. A quantitative relation is fitted between the odd harmonic amplitudes and the non‐linear elastic parameter of Landau's model, which provides a practical guideline to identify the non‐linearity of homogeneous tissues using elastography experiment.
Redox‐Enabled, pH‐Disabled Pyrazoline–Ferrocene INHIBIT Logic Gates
Authors: Scerri Glenn J. , Cini Miriam , Schembri Jonathan S. , da Costa Paola F. , Johnson Alex D. , Magri David C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPyrazoline‐ferrocene conjugates with an “electron‐donor–spacer–fluorophore–receptor” format are demonstrated as redox‐fluorescent two‐input INHIBIT logic gates.
Fluorophore Release from a Polymethinic Photoremovable Protecting Group Through a Nonlinear Optical Process
Authors: Rodríguez‐Romero Jesús , Guarin Cesar A. , Arroyo‐Pieck Andres , Gutiérrez‐Arzaluz Luis , López‐Arteaga Rafael , Cortés‐Guzmán Fernando , Navarro Pedro , Peon Jorge 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTriggering the release of chemical species through the use of light is crucial for modern microscopy applications, such as single‐molecule localization and, in general, in the regulation of molecular effectors. Herein, we demonstrate a nonlinear‐optical scheme for the control of photorelease. Our system consists of a two‐photon‐absorbing photoremovable protecting group (PPG) bonded to a second chromophore which undergoes photo‐induced detachment and activation upon excitation with λ=850 nm femtosecond pulses. The two‐photon PPG section consists of a cyanine‐type dye, and the releasable section is a highly fluorescent derivatized anthracene chromophore bonded to the cyanine through a photolabile etheric‐meso‐carbon bond. This method allows for the release of a fluorophore following a spatially localized two‐photon excitation event. Both the excitation energy and the long lifetime of the upper excited states of the PPG chromophore are thought to be involved in the release process.
A century of victimhood: Antecedents and current impacts of perceived suffering in World War I across Europe
Authors: Bouchat Pierre , Licata Laurent , Rosoux Valérie , Allesch Christian , Ammerer Heinrich , Bovina Inna , Bruckmüller Susanne , Cabecinhas Rosa , Chryssochoou Xenia , Cohrs J. Christopher , Csertő István , Delouvée Sylvain , Durante Federica , Ernst‐Vintila Andreea , Flassbeck Christine , Hilton Denis , Kesteloot Chantal , Kislioglu Resit , Krenn Alice , Macovei Irina , Mari Silvia , Petrovic Nebojša , Pólya Tibor , Sá Alberto , Sakki Inari , Turjacanin Vladimir , van Ypersele Laurence , Volpato Chiara , Bilewicz Michal , Klein Olivier 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe present study addresses antecedents and consequences of collective victimhood in the context of World War I (WWI) across 15 European nations (N = 2423 social science students). Using multilevel analysis, we find evidence that collective victimhood is still present a hundred years after the onset of the war and can be predicted by WWI‐related objective indicators of victimization at national and family levels. This suggests that collective victimhood is partly grounded in the actual experience of WWI. In addition, we show that sense of collective victimhood positively predicts acknowledgment of the suffering inflicted by one's nation on other countries during WWI. This is consistent with a social representation of WWI as involving a vast massacre in which nations were both victim and perpetrator. Finally, we find that objective indicators of victimization predict pacifism in divergent ways, with an indicator at the national level associated with more pacifist attitudes and an indicator at the family level being associated with less pacifist attitudes. This finding suggests that war‐torn societies may have developed social representations favouring peaceful coexistence whereas, at the family level, victimization may still foster retaliatory tendencies.
Current practice and challenges in night‐time care for people with dementia living in care homes: a qualitative study
Authors: Nunez Kayleigh Marie , Khan Zunera , Testad Ingelin , Lawrence Vanessa , Creese Byron , Corbett Anne 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo explore the current practices and challenges in night‐time care for people with dementia living in care homes in the UK.MethodsFocus group discussions (FGD) were held with care staff and family carers from five care homes in South London. To supplement the FGD data, an online survey was circulated to family carers (n = 16), and informal interviews were conducted with night‐time care staff and nurses (n = 19). The questions for the online survey were designed to specifically explore the themes that emerged from the FGD.ResultsThematic analysis revealed eight key themes in the management of sleep disturbance in people with dementia living in care homes: current night‐time care practices, dissonance in perceived causes of sleep disturbances, inconsistencies in treatment options, insufficient staffing levels, working relationships between shifts, nurse burden and responsibility, communication as a critical challenge, connecting with residents and one overarching theme of balance.ConclusionsThe findings of this study highlight the need for an evidence‐based sleep disturbance management programme designed for use in care homes and informed by stakeholders. The key themes identified represent the major barriers to good quality care and areas which future programmes will need to address to improve the quality of night‐time care in care homes. There are clearly opportunities for future examination of non‐pharmacological night‐time care management programmes for use in the population. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of ceramic calcium–phosphorus ratio on chondrocyte‐mediated biosynthesis and mineralization
Authors: Boushell Margaret K. , Khanarian Nora T. , LeGeros Raquel Z. , Lu Helen H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe osteochondral interface functions as a structural barrier between cartilage and bone, maintaining tissue integrity postinjury and during homeostasis. Regeneration of this calcified cartilage region is thus essential for integrative cartilage healing, and hydrogel‐ceramic composite scaffolds have been explored for calcified cartilage formation. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that Ca/P ratio of the ceramic phase of the composite scaffold regulates chondrocyte biosynthesis and mineralization potential. Specifically, the response of deep zone chondrocytes to two bioactive ceramics with different calcium–phosphorus ratios (1.35 ± 0.01 and 1.41 ± 0.02) was evaluated in agarose hydrogel scaffolds over two weeksin vitro. It was observed that the ceramic with higher calcium–phosphorus ratio enhanced chondrocyte proliferation, glycosaminoglycan production, and induced an early onset of alkaline phosphorus activity, while the ceramic with lower calcium–phosphorus ratio performed similarly to the ceramic‐free control. These results underscore the importance of ceramic bioactivity in directing chondrocyte response, and demonstrate that Ca/P ratio is a key parameter to be considered in osteochondral scaffold design. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2694–2702, 2017.
Revisiting the concept of inflammatory cell‐induced corrosion
Authors: Yuan Nathaniel , Park Sang‐Hyun , Luck James V. , Campbell Patricia A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA peculiar type of surface pitting damage to revised joint replacement implant metal surfaces has been attributed to cellular activity and termed “inflammatory cell‐induced‐corrosion.” We visually examined 1859 explanted metal implants to document the presence and extent of these features. The data was used to examine correlations between these features and the implant material, and modularity as well as clinical variables. The features were observed in approximately 77% of modular and 30% of monobloc hip implants in a variety of metals, as well as to some degree in various other implants. To test the possibility that these features were an artefact of electrocautery damage during revision surgery, a cleaned, flat, polished, CoCr disk was exposed to a variety of electrocautery interactions. This led to the production of pits and markings comparable to the published damage and to the damage found on the explants we examined. It is concluded that electrocautery damage rather than cellular activity is the cause of these features. Although rarely reported, this damage may be associated with femoral neck fracture. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1148–1155, 2018.
Flare‐Up After Maxillofacial Surgery in a Patient With Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: An [18F]‐NaF PET/CT Study and a Systematic Review
Authors: Eekhoff E Marelise W , Netelenbos J Coen , de Graaf Pim , Hoebink Max , Bravenboer Nathalie , Micha Dimitra , Pals Gerard , de Vries Teun J , Lammertsma Adriaan A , Raijmakers Pieter GHM , van Es Robert JJ 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder leading to progressive heterotopic ossifications (HO) of muscles, tendons, and ligaments, which can be induced by trauma or by surgery. Despite strong medical advice to the contrary, an FOP patient insisted on surgery to alleviate her complete trismus, which caused an unbearable impact on her quality of life (QOL). The entire trismus history of this FOP patient is presented. [18F]‐NaF position emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans were introduced as an imaging method for heterotopic bone formation activity. To place our findings into context, a systematic review on jaw surgery in FOP was performed. After falling down the stairs, a 9‐year‐old patient developed mobility impairment of her left‐sided jaw. During the following 13 years bone scintigraphy showed persistent activity of the disease leading to progressive left‐sided zygomatico‐mandibular fusion by HO, resulting in complete trismus. Within 1 month after HO removal on the left side and a matching right coronoidectomy, [18F]‐NaF PET/CT demonstrated a substantial flare‐up activity followed by new HO in both masseter and temporalis muscles. Despite recurrent HO and trismus her QOL increased due to a stable increased interincisal opening of 5.5 mm. Although systematic review reveals a 100% risk of HO recurrence after jaw surgery, information on improved QOL is scarce. In conclusion, surgery in FOP may be beneficial for QOL despite new HO formation. Assessment of disease activity using [18F]‐NaF PET/CT is possible before HO is evident on CT and may serve as a new and quantitative marker of the disease. © 2017 The Authors. JBMR Plus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Metacarpal Growth During Adolescence in a Longitudinal South African Cohort
Authors: Magan Ansuyah , Nyati Lukhanyo H , Micklesfield Lisa K , Norris Shane A , Pettifor John M 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

To monitor the drift of the periosteal and endocortical surfaces during metacarpal growth longitudinally, radiogrammetry was carried out on hand-wrist X-rays of 572 children from the Birth to Twenty Bone Health Cohort annually from ages 9 to 21 years. This is the largest collection of longitudinal X-rays in African children. The second metacarpal bone length, bone width, and medullary width were measured using digital vernier calipers on a total of 4730 X-rays. Superimposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR) was used to obtain age at peak metacarpal length velocity (PLV). Bone width and medullary width were modeled using SITAR against both chronological age and age from PLV. In black and white females, tempo and velocity of metacarpal length growth was synchronized. Black males, however, attained PLV 7 months later than white males (p &lt; 0.0001). Compared to white males, black males had a longer second metacarpal (p &lt; 0.05), and greater bone width size (p &lt; 0.02), tempo (p &lt; 0.0009), and velocity (p &lt; 0.0001). Medullary width growth velocity in black participants peaked 2 years prior to attainment of PLV and exceeded that of their white peers (p &lt; 0.0001) in whom it peaked 6 to 12 months post-PLV attainment. Black adolescents therefore had wider bones with relatively thinner cortices and wider medullary cavities than their white peers. Ethnic and sex differences also occurred in the timing of medullary width contraction that accompanied expansion in bone width and cortical thickness. In black males, medullary width contraction commenced approximately 3 years later than in black females, whereas in white males this occurred a year later than in white females. The ethnic and sex differences in bone acquisition reported in this study may differentially affect bone mass in later life. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Destabilization of Human Insulin Fibrils by Peptides of Fruit Bromelain Derived From Ananas comosus (Pineapple)
Authors: Das Sromona , Bhattacharyya Debasish 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTDeposition of insulin aggregates in human body leads to dysfunctioning of several organs. Effectiveness of fruit bromelain from pineapple in prevention of insulin aggregate was investigated. Proteolyses of bromelain was done as par human digestive system and the pool of small peptides was separated from larger peptides and proteins. Under conditions of growth of insulin aggregates from its monomers, this pool of peptides restricted the reaction upto formation of oligomers of limited size. These peptides also destabilized preformed insulin aggregates to oligomers. These processes were followed fluorimetrically using Thioflavin T and 1‐ANS, size‐exclusion HPLC, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Sequences of insulin (A and B chains) and bromelain were aligned using Clustal W software to predict most probable sites of interactions. Synthetic tripeptides corresponding to the hydrophobic interactive sites of bromelain showed disaggregation of insulin suggesting specificity of interactions. The peptides GG and AAA serving as negative controls showed no potency in destabilization of aggregates. Disaggregation potency of the peptides was also observed when insulin was deposited on HepG2 liver cells where no formation of toxic oligomers occurred. Amyloidogenic des‐octapeptide (B23‐B30 of insulin) incapable of cell signaling showed cytotoxicity similar to insulin. This toxicity could be neutralized by bromelain derived peptides. FT‐IR and far‐UV circular dichroism analysis indicated that disaggregated insulin had structure distinctly different from that of its hexameric (native) or monomeric states. Based on the stoichiometry of interaction and irreversibility of disaggregation, the mechanism/s of the peptides and insulin interactions has been proposed. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4881–4896, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein Z and Endothelin‐1 genetic polymorphisms in pediatric Egyptian sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Khorshied Mervat M. , Mohamed Nohair S. , Hamza Rania S. , Ali Rasha M. , El‐Ghamrawy Mona K. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic disease associated with multisystem morbidity. Vasculopathy caused by delicate imbalance between coagulation and endothelial systems plays a pivotal role in disease course. As Protein Z and Endothelin‐1 genetic polymorphisms may increase the thrombotic risk, the aim of the current work was to verify the possible impact of Protein Z (PROZ G79A) and Endothelin‐1 (EDN1 G5665T) polymorphisms on the clinic‐laboratory features of the SCD in a cohort of Egyptian pediatric patients.MethodsGenotyping of Protein Z G79A and Endothelin‐1 G5665T was carried out by polymerase chain reaction‐restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) assay for 100 SCD patients and 100 controls.ResultsProtein ‐Z G79A polymorphism was not associated with vascular complications in the studied SCD patients. Endothelin‐1 G5665T polymorphism was associated with pulmonary dysfunction (pulmonary artery hypertension and acute chest syndrome) and severe vaso‐occlusive crises (VOC).ConclusionEndothelin‐1 G5665T polymorphism could be considered as a molecular predictor for pulmonary dysfunction and severe VOC in SCD. Further researches with larger cohorts are recommended to understand the pathophysiology of SCD and to explain the inter‐patients’ variability of disease severity.
The performance of MALBAC and MDA methods in the identification of concurrent mutations and aneuploidy screening to diagnose beta‐thalassaemia disorders at the single‐ and multiple‐cell levels
Authors: Liu WeiQiang , Zhang HuiMin , Hu Dan , Lu SiJia , Sun XiaoFang 
Published: May 2017

AimTo select an optimal whole‐genome amplification (WGA) method to improve the efficiency of the preimplantation genetic diagnosis and screening (PGD/PGS) of beta‐thalassaemia disorders.MethodsFifty‐seven fibroblast samples with defined beta‐thalassaemia variations and forty‐eight single‐blastomere samples were amplified from single‐, two‐, and five‐cell samples by multiple annealing and looping‐based amplification cycles (MALBAC) and the multiple displacement amplification (MDA) method. Low‐depth, high‐throughput sequencing was performed to evaluate and compare the coefficiencies of the chromosomal copy number variation (CNV) detection rate and the allele dropout (ADO) rate between these two methods.ResultsAt the single‐cell level, the success rates of the CNV detection in the fibroblast samples were 100% in the MALBAC group and 91.67% in the MDA group; the coefficient of variation in the CNV detection in the MALBAC group was significantly superior to that in the MDA group (0.15 vs 0.37). The total ADO rate in the HBB allele detection was 4.55% in the MALBAC group, which was significantly lower than the 22.5% rate observed in the MDA group. However, when five or more cells were used as the starting template, the ADO rate significantly decreased, and these two methods did not differ significantly.ConclusionsFor the genetic diagnosis of HBB gene variation at the single‐cell level, MALBAC is a more suitable method due to its higher level of uniformity and specificity. When five or more cells are used as the starting template, both methods exhibit similar efficiency, increased accuracy, and a similar success rate in PGD/PGS.
Spray congealing as innovative technique for enzyme encapsulation
Authors: Engelmann Claudia , Kragl Udo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpray congealing is investigated as a new innovative immobilization technique for biocatalysts. The immobilization is realized by atomization of a mixture of a melted carrier and the enzyme, which is re‐solidifyed due to temperature decrease. This method needs neither organic solvents, nor difficult downstream processing after preparation. For the encapsulation of different matrices, long chain alcohols and glyceryl derivatives, with melting points below 86 °C and environmentally friendly properties, are chosen and tested for their suitability for enzyme encapsulation.RESULTSThe immobilization of a laccase (EC 1.10.3.2, Novozym 51003, from Myceliophthora thermophila) was investigated and the produced microparticles were characterized. The obtained particles showed a mean particle size around 40 μm and a spherical surface with different structures depending on the used matrix. Spray congealing with the laccase reached yields of 80% and residual activities up to 56%. Furthermore, four consecutive reactions were realized with cetyl alcohol as carrier and an activity of 20% was retained.CONCLUSIONCetyl alcohol was found to be the most appropriate carrier for the immobilization of the investigated laccase, due to easy handling and high yields. In comparison with the other tested carriers, the best retained activities were obtained and recycling of the biocatalyst was realized. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry