bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial community dynamics in soil aggregates shape biogeochemical gas fluxes from soil profiles – upscaling an aggregate biophysical model
Authors: Ebrahimi Ali , Or Dani 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMicrobial communities inhabiting soil aggregates dynamically adjust their activity and composition in response to variations in hydration and other external conditions. These rapid dynamics shape signatures of biogeochemical activity and gas fluxes emitted from soil profiles. Recent mechanistic models of microbial processes in unsaturated aggregate‐like pore networks revealed a highly dynamic interplay between oxic and anoxic microsites jointly shaped by hydration conditions and by aerobic and anaerobic microbial community abundance and self‐organization. The spatial extent of anoxic niches (hotspots) flicker in time (hot moments) and support substantial anaerobic microbial activity even in aerated soil profiles. We employed an individual‐based model for microbial community life in soil aggregate assemblies represented by 3D angular pore networks. Model aggregates of different sizes were subjected to variable water, carbon and oxygen contents that varied with soil depth as boundary conditions. The study integrates microbial activity within aggregates of different sizes and soil depth to obtain estimates of biogeochemical fluxes from the soil profile. The results quantify impacts of dynamic shifts in microbial community composition on CO2 and N2O production rates in soil profiles in good agreement with experimental data. Aggregate size distribution and the shape of resource profiles in a soil determine how hydration dynamics shape denitrification and carbon utilization rates. Results from the mechanistic model for microbial activity in aggregates of different sizes were used to derive parameters for analytical representation of soil biogeochemical processes across large scales of practical interest for hydrological and climate models.
Importance of biophysical effects on climate warming mitigation potential of biofuel crops over the conterminous United States
Authors: Zhu Peng , Zhuang Qianlai , Eva Joo , Bernacchi Carl 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCurrent quantification of climate warming mitigation potential (CWMP) of biomass‐derived energy has focused primarily on its biogeochemical effects. This study used site‐level observations of carbon, water, and energy fluxes of biofuel crops to parameterize and evaluate the community land model (CLM) and estimateCO2fluxes, surface energy balance, soil carbon dynamics of corn (Zea mays), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and miscanthus (Miscanthus×giganteus) ecosystems across the conterminous United States considering different agricultural management practices and land‐use scenarios. We find that neglecting biophysical effects underestimates theCWMPof transitioning from croplands and marginal lands to energy crops. Biogeochemical effects alone result in changes in carbon storage of −1.9, 49.1, and 69.3 g C m−2y−1compared to 20.5, 78.5, and 96.2 g C m−2y−1when considering both biophysical and biogeochemical effects for corn, switchgrass, and miscanthus, respectively. The biophysical contribution toCWMPis dominated by changes in latent heat fluxes. Using the model to optimize growth conditions through fertilization and irrigation increases theCWMPfurther to 79.6, 98.3, and 118.8 g C m−2y−1, respectively, representing the upper threshold forCWMP. Results also show that theCWMPover marginal lands is lower than that over croplands. This study highlights that neglecting the biophysical effects of altered surface energy and water balance underestimates theCWMPof transitioning to bioenergy crops at regional scales.
The Emergence of Lightning in Severe Thunderstorm Prediction and the Possible Contributions from Spatial Science
Authors: Ellis Andrew , Miller Paul 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThunderstorms capable of producing dangerous weather are common in different regions throughout the world. Identifying particular thunderstorms that will become hazardous is a considerable forecasting challenge for meteorologists making warning decisions. The goal of more accurate and earlier severe thunderstorm warning has led to the idea of using a storm's lightning behavior – a reflection of storm intensity  to predict imminent storm severity. Researchers have found that storms producing severe weather are often preceded by a rapid increase in lightning frequency, or a “jump”, prompting attempts to develop a quantitative lightning‐based indicator of storm severity as a forecasting aid. Although recent studies have produced promising results, this initiative is rife with opportunities for geographers as lightning continues to evolve into a reliable operational tool. Technological advances in lightning detection have enabled the research, but the inherent volume of lightning data and their time‐space nature represent an obstacle and an opportunity for spatial scientists. Increasingly robust lightning‐jump algorithms will require extensive thunderstorm databases, the development of which involves identification of time‐space clusters of lightning that represent discrete thunderstorms of varying types, which need to be aligned with geo‐referenced severe weather reports. The spatial analytical tools and techniques inherent to geography can facilitate the meteorological analyses that are needed to advance the lightning jump concept toward an operational tool. Forecasters within the USA are particularly hopeful, as they look to capitalize on data generated by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper sensor mounted aboard a key satellite for weather and climate monitoring expected to be launched in 2016.
Poor oral status is associated with rehabilitation outcome in older people
Authors: Shiraishi Ai , Yoshimura Yoshihiro , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Tsuji Yuri 
Published: May 2016

AimPoor oral status is associated with increased physical dependency and cognitive decline. Malnutrition, a potential result of poor oral status, is associated with poorer rehabilitation outcome and physical function. However, the association between oral status and rehabilitation outcome is not fully understood. The present study investigated the association of poor oral status with rehabilitation outcome in older patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out of 108 consecutive patients (mean age 80.5 ± 6.8 years; 50.9% men) who were admitted to convalescent rehabilitation wards. The Revised Oral Assessment Guide was used to evaluate oral status. Rehabilitation outcome was evaluated by the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) on discharge. Multivariate analyses were applied to examine the associations between poor oral status and motor‐FIM on discharge.ResultsAccording to the Revised Oral Assessment Guide score, 14.8% of participants had normal oral status, 52.8% had slight to moderate oral problems and 32.4% had severe oral problems. The median scores of motor‐FIM on admission and on discharge were 52 (interquartile range 25–70) and 75 (interquartile range 51–89), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the Revised Oral Assessment Guide score and the motor‐/cognitive‐FIM scores on admission were significant independent factors for motor‐FIM on discharge, after adjusted for sex, age, length of stay, nutritional status, handgrip and causative diseases (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPoor oral status is associated with rehabilitation outcome in older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 598–604.
Differential expression of plasma microRNA‐125b in hepatitis B virus‐related liver diseases and diagnostic potential for hepatitis B virus‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Chen Hao , Gao Shanshan , Qiu Shili , Zhou Hu , Yu Mingxia , Tu Jiancheng 
Published: May 2016

AimActing as a tumor suppressor, microRNA (miR)‐125b shows aberrant low expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and researchers have found that its dysregulation has a close relationship with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Here, we investigated the expression profile of this miRNA in the plasma of healthy subjects and patients with chronic HBV‐related liver diseases in order to confirm the feasibility of this circulating miRNA as a differential diagnostic biomarker for HBV‐induced HCC (HBV‐HCC).MethodsA total of 242 individuals were enrolled in this study. The expression levels of plasma miR‐125b were examined using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction technology.ResultsThe levels of plasma miR‐125b were remarkably decreased in HBV‐HCC patients compared to healthy controls and HBV subjects without HCC (all P < 0.001), and the low plasma miR‐125b levels in HBV‐HCC patients were associated with higher prevalence of metastasis (P = 0.021). The receiver–operating characteristic curve analyses indicated that plasma miR‐125b presented a high accuracy (area under the curve = 0.891, 0.958, 0.958) for diagnosing HBV‐HCC cases from healthy controls and patients with chronic hepatitis B and HBV‐related liver cirrhosis, respectively. In addition, our study found that the expression levels of plasma miR‐125b in HBV patients without HCC were higher than those in healthy subjects (P < 0.001); it yielded an area under the curve of 0.691 in discriminating patients with chronic HBV infection who were negative for HCC from healthy controls.ConclusionThe measurement of plasma‐based miR‐125b holds promise as a diagnostic marker for HBV‐HCC differential diagnosis and for chronic HBV viral infection. Those HBV‐infected individuals with increased risk of HCC would be detected early through monitoring the changes in this circulating miRNA.
HISTORY OF HISTORIOGRAPHY FROM A SLIGHTLY COSMOPOLITAN POINT OF VIEW
Authors: Malerba Jurandir 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTUnder review here are three works of different formats and scopes, each addressing questions of theory of history and the history of historiography. First, the mature work of Ignacio Olábarri Gortázar, published by the University Press of Salamanca, where he is now an emeritus professor, collects pieces written over a period of fifteen years that deal with matters related to his field of research in social labor history and other methodological and historiographical issues. Second, Fernando Sánchez Marcos seeks to offer an introductory book on the most noteworthy theoretical and historiographical issues of the twentieth century. Third, the volume from Jaume Aurell (Spain), Peter Burke (England), Catalina Balmaceda, and Felipe Soza (both from Chile) is a general handbook of historiography addressed primarily to students. All have their strengths and weaknesses. The most striking weakness is a persistent limitation of the field of vision, which is restricted to a European/Western (Francophone, Anglophone) cultural universe.
Effect of extraction method and ripening stage on banana peel pigments
Authors: Yan Lin , Fernando Warnakulasuriya M. A. D. B. , Brennan Margaret , Brennan Charles S. , Jayasena Vijay , Coorey Ranil 
Published: May 2016

SummaryCarotenoids are one of the most widespread pigments in nature and can be used as health‐promoting natural food colorants. Banana peel, which is a by‐product of banana processing, contains a range of bioactive compounds including carotenoids. There is no published research on the extraction of food‐grade carotenoids from banana peels. This study evaluated the change in the banana peel carotenoid content over its ripening stages and determined the best possible solvent to extract carotenoid for food applications. The solvents permitted under Food Standard Australia New Zealand were used in the study. Ripeness stage 5 contained the highest content of total carotene at 1.86 μg g−1 of banana peel. From one gram of banana peel, 0.57 μg of xanthophyll and 0.84 μg of beta‐carotene were extracted from ripening stage 5 with a solvent combination of hexane–diethyl ether–acetone and hexane–diethyl ether, respectively.
Effects of artificial lighting on bioactivity of sweet red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Bae Jong‐Hyang , Park Yun‐Jum , Namiesnik Jacek , Gülçin Ilhami , Kim Tae‐Choon , Kim Ho‐Cheol , Heo Buk‐Gu , Gorinstein Shela , Ku Yang‐Gyu 
Published: May 2016

SummaryRecent studies have shown that artificial light effectively promotes the growth and development of red peppers when light spectra, intensities and duration are controlled. Cited reports deal mostly with studies involving with the growth stages of pepper. Changes in the biochemical status of plants were not studied. Therefore, this study focuses on the changes in the content of some bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacities) after artificial lightening [high‐pressure sodium and light‐emitting plasma (LEP) lamps] during the cultivation of sweet red pepper. The bioactive compounds differ slightly, depending on the source of light. Fluorescence spectra showed higher binding properties of LEP polyphenol extracts to human serum albumin (HSA) than other samples. FTIR peaks were similar in their polyphenols region for all investigated samples.
Effect of agitated bed drying on the retention of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffaL.)
Authors: Loyola Arenas Keila Sarin , Cruz Y Victoria Maria Teresa , Vizcarra Mendoza Mario Gonzalo , Martínez Vera Carlos , Anaya Sosa Irasema 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAn agitated fluidised bed dryer was employed to dry lixiviated roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffaL.) calyxes. The effects of operational drying variables on the chemical attributes such as the retention of monomeric anthocyanins (MA), phenolic compounds, polymeric colour, antioxidant activity and drying rate were analysed. Drying curves showed only decreasing falling rate period. To determine the kinetic parameters, the drying data were fitted to a Page's model, based on the moisture content ratio vs. the drying time; thekvalues ranged from 1.58 × 10−5to 6.28 × 10−2 s−1. The different drying conditions showed significant differences in the chemical parameters. When processing wet feeds, as lixiviated roselle calyxes, the mechanical assisted fluidisation can be considered as an innovative concept.
Preparation and application of a flaxseed meal protein film containing lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) oil
Authors: Lee Ji‐Hyeon , Yang Hyun‐Ju , Lee Ka‐Yeon , Song Kyung Bin 
Published: May 2016

SummaryFlaxseed meal protein (FMP) films were prepared, and their mechanical properties (tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (E) values), water vapour permeability, optical properties and thermogravimetric analysis were evaluated. Briefly, 5 g FMP, 2 g fructose and 0.03 g ferulic acid were required for the optimal preparation of an FMP film. The TS and E values of the FMP film were 13.12 MPa and 61.90%, respectively. Furthermore, different amounts of lemongrass oil (LE) were incorporated into the FMP film to prepare an antimicrobial film. Wrapping pen shell adductor muscle with the FMP film containing 1.0% LE reduced the counts of inoculated Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 compared with those in the control, after storage at 4 °C for 12 day. Consequently, packaging with FMP film containing 1.0% LE can be useful in improving the quality of pen shell adductor muscle during storage.
Pop‐up messages in order communication systems can increase awareness of osteoporosis among physicians and improve osteoporosis treatment
Authors: Kim Joon Yub , Yoo Jeong Hyun , Kim Ji Wan , Sung Gwang Young , Jung Jae Hong , Cho Yohan , Park Jai Hyung 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to verify the effect of pop‐up messages (regarding a history of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry [DXA]) on the identification and management of osteoporosis after osteoporotic hip or spine fractures. We hypothesized that these pop‐up messages would increase the awareness and management of osteoporosis among clinicians and patients.MethodsWe introduced pop‐up messages regarding a history of DXA in our Order Communication System (March 2012) and evaluated the records of 404 patients who were treated between January 2011 and December 2012. The patients were categorized as being treated without the pop‐up messages (Group I, before March 2012) or with the pop‐up messages (Group II, after March 2012). We compared their rates of DXA prescription, osteoporosis medication, exercise, mortality and subsequent refractures during a 2‐year follow‐up.ResultsAfter introducing the pop‐up messages, the DXA prescription rate increased from 35.1 to 57.1% (P < 0.001), the osteoporosis medication rate increased from 21.1 to 25.2% (P = 0.05) and the exercise rate increased from 35.6 to 40.5% (P = 0.018). During the 2‐year follow‐up, the mortality rates were 4.64% in Group I and 6.67% in Group II (P = 0.4). Subsequent refractures were found in 12.9% of Group I patients and 9.52% of Group II patients (P = 0.87).ConclusionThe pop‐up messages positively affected the behaviours of orthopaedic surgeons and were associated with increased rates of prescription of DXA, osteoporosis medication, and might affect the behaviour of patient, increased exercise rate. Therefore, we recommend using this simple and effective method to improve physicians' awareness of osteoporosis.
Preeclampsia and the Risk of Future Vascular Disease and Mortality: A Review
Authors: Leslie Mayri Sagady , Briggs Linda A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPreeclampsia increases a woman's long‐term risk of vascular disease and/or death including chronic hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and venous thromboembolism. The literature suggests that maternity care providers may be unaware of this association.MethodsA database search was conducted examining the long‐term effects of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy using MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, ISI Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Inclusion criteria were: 1) English language, 2) peer‐reviewed journals, 3) January 2000 to July 2015, 4) systematic reviews with or without meta‐analyses, and 5) studies that addressed the relationship between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and vascular disease such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cerebrovascular diseases.ResultsThree systematic reviews with meta‐analysis qualified for this review. They represented 48 unique studies from 20 countries and included a total of 3,598,601 women. Preeclampsia was associated with a 3‐fold increased risk for developing chronic hypertension. Compared with normotensive women, those with preeclampsia experienced double the risk, or more, for CVD or CVD‐related mortality. Preeclampsia was also associated with approximately double the risk for fatal or nonfatal stroke.DiscussionPreeclampsia is associated with an increased risk for future chronic hypertension, CVD, cerebrovascular disease, and death. While evidence shows that women with cardiac risk factors may have a higher chance of developing preeclampsia, many women with preeclampsia have no CVD risk factors. Measures to prevent preeclampsia such as calcium supplementation for women with low calcium intake and low‐dose aspirin for women with a history of more than one incident of preeclampsia or a preterm birth associated with preeclampsia are supported by evidence. Reduction of modifiable risks associated with CVD before, during, and after pregnancy is recommended. All care providers and women should be educated regarding these risks and the importance of pregnancy history to future health.
Amyloid formation: functional friend or fearful foe?
Authors: Bergman P. , Roan N. R. , Römling U. , Bevins C. L. , Münch J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAmyloid formation has been most studied in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as in amyloidosis. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that amyloid is also present in the healthy setting; for example nontoxic amyloid formation is important for melanin synthesis and in innate immunity. Furthermore, bacteria have mechanisms to produce functional amyloid structures with important roles in bacterial physiology and interaction with host cells. Here, we will discuss some novel aspects of fibril‐forming proteins in humans and bacteria. First, the amyloid‐forming properties of the antimicrobial peptide human defensin 6 (HD6) will be considered. Intriguingly, unlike other antimicrobial peptides, HD6 does not kill bacteria. However, recent data show that HD6 can form amyloid structures at the gut mucosa with strong affinity for bacterial surfaces. These so‐called nanonets block bacterial invasion by entangling the bacteria in net‐like structures. Next, the role of functional amyloid fibrils in human semen will be discussed. These fibrils were discovered through their property to enhance HIV infection but they may also have other yet unknown functions. Finally, the role of amyloid formation in bacteria will be reviewed. The recent finding that bacteria can make amyloid in a controlled fashion without toxic effects is of particular interest and may have implications for human disease. The role of amyloid in health and disease is beginning to be unravelled, and here, we will review some of the most recent findings in this exciting area.
Diagnostic delay in narcolepsy type 1: combining the patients' and the doctors' perspectives
Authors: Taddei Raquel N. , Werth Esther , Poryazova Rositsa , Baumann Christian R. , Valko Philipp O. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryNarcolepsy type 1 is a neurological disorder characterized by a unique syndrome, including the pathognomonic symptom of cataplexy. The diagnosis can be confirmed by objective measures, such as typical findings in the multiple sleep latency test, reduced or undetectable levels of orexin (hypocretin) in the cerebrospinal fluid, and linkage to a specificHLAhaplotype. Nevertheless, the mean time that elapses from symptom onset to the correct diagnosis ranges between 10 and 20 years, and the causes and correlates of this delay are poorly understood. Diagnostic delay was assessed on 52 well‐defined patients with narcolepsy type 1, evaluating clinical, electrophysiological and neurochemical parameters and the results of a 41‐item questionnaire developed to obtain the patients' perspective on various aspects of the diagnostic process. The mean time gap between disease onset and first medical consultation was 3.2 ± 5.1 years; the mean diagnostic delay was 8.9 ± 11.0 years. Prior to correct diagnosis, patients received a wide variety of misdiagnoses. The self‐ratings of the patients revealed that the undiagnosed symptoms caused high levels of anxiety and unjustified criticism by family, friends and employers. Multiple regression analysis identified higher cerebrospinal fluid orexin levels (β = 0.311,P = 0.01), and a longer interval between the onset of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy (β = 0.368,P = 0.002) as independent associates of longer diagnostic delay. The diagnostic delay decreased over the last decades (β = −0.672,P < 0.001). In conclusion, delayed diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1 is very common, associated with many adverse consequences, and requires educational efforts to improve awareness on narcolepsy among healthcare providers and the general population.