bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards spatial management of fisheries in the Gulf: benthic diversity, habitat and fish distributions from Qatari waters
Authors: Walton Mark E M , Hayes Jamie , Al-Ansi Mohsin , Abdallah Mohamed , Al Maslamani Ibrahim , Al-Mohannadi Mohammed , Al-Shaikh Ismail , D’Urban Jackson Tim , Szostek Claire , Egerton Jack , Kaiser Michel J , Le Vay Lewis 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
As with many other regions in the world, more complete information on the distribution of marine habitats in the Gulf is required to inform environmental policy, and spatial management of fisheries resources will require better understanding of the relationships between habitat and fish communities. Towed cameras and sediment grabs were used to investigate benthic habitats and associated epifauna, infauna and fish communities in the central Gulf, offshore from the east coast of Qatar, in water depths of between 12 and 52 m. Six different habitats were identified: (i) soft sediment habitats of mud and (ii) sand, and structured habitats of (iii) macro-algal reef, (iv) coral reef, (v) mixed reef, and (vi) oyster bed. The epibenthic community assemblage of the mud habitat was significantly different to that of sand, which in turn differed from the structured habitats of coral reef, mixed reef and oyster bed, with the macroalgal assemblage having similarities to both sand and the other structured habitats. Fish assemblages derived from video data did not differ between habitats, although certain species were only associated with particular habitats. Epibenthic diversity indices were significantly lower in mud, sand and macro-algal habitats, with no differences recorded for fish diversity. Soft sediment grab samples indicated that mud habitats had the highest benthic diversity, with Shannon-Weiner values of &gt;4, and were more diverse than sand with values of 3.3. The study demonstrates high biodiversity in benthic habitats in the central and southwestern Gulf, which may in part be due to the absence of trawling activity in Qatari waters. There is a strong influence of depth on benthic habitat type, so that depth can be used to predict habitat distribution with a high level of accuracy. The presence of outcrops of hard substrata creates a mosaic of patchy shallow structured benthic habitat across extensive areas of the offshore seabed. Such heterogeneity, and the association of commercially exploited fish species with specific habitats, indicates that this region is well suited to a spatial approach to fisheries management.
Epidural Fat and Its Association with Pain, Physical Function, and Disability Among Older Adults with Low Back Pain and Controls
Authors: Megan Sions Jaclyn , Angelica Rodriguez Christina , Todd Pohlig Ryan , Evan Hicks Gregory , Charles Coyle Peter 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective
To examine epidural fat and its relationship to pain, physical function, and disability among older adults with chronic low back pain, chronic low back pain plus leg pain, and controls.

Design
Cross-sectional, comparative study.

Setting
Standardized examinations were conducted in a research laboratory, and magnetic resonance images were obtained.

Subjects
A total of 93 adults age 60 to 85 years (24 with chronic back pain, 25 with chronic back pain plus leg pain, and 44 controls).

Methods
Reliability for assessment of epidural fat diameter, averaged across spinal levels, was established (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.95). Linear regression was used to explore how epidural fat diameter related to self-reported (Short Form-36 Health Survey: physical component summary score) and performance-based (stair climb performance) measures of physical function among adults with chronic back pain with and without leg pain, as compared with controls, while controlling for age, sex, and body mass index. Associations between epidural fat and pain intensity and low back pain–related disability were also explored (P ≤ 0.050).

Results
Epidural fat helped explain self-reported function (P < 0.001); adults with axial low back pain (LBP) may have a relationship between epidural fat and self-report function that is different from controls (P = 0.015). Relationships between epidural fat and stair performance were significantly different from controls for those with LBP (P = 0.000) but not for those with LBP plus leg pain (P = 0.366). Relationships between epidural fat and pain intensity and/or disability were not found.

Conclusions
Increased epidural fat may help explain better function among older adults with chronic axial back pain, but not among those who also report leg pain.
Left Lateral Table Tilt for Elective Cesarean Delivery under Spinal Anesthesia Has No Effect on Neonatal Acid–Base Status
Authors: Lee Allison J. , Landau Ruth , Mattingly James L. , Meenan Margaret M. , Corradini Beatriz , Wang Shuang , Goodman Stephanie R. , Smiley Richard M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
Current recommendations for women undergoing cesarean delivery include 15° left tilt for uterine displacement to prevent aortocaval compression, although this degree of tilt is practically never achieved. We hypothesized that under contemporary clinical practice, including a crystalloid coload and phenylephrine infusion targeted at maintaining baseline systolic blood pressure, there would be no effect of maternal position on neonatal acid base status in women undergoing elective cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia.

Methods
Healthy women undergoing elective cesarean delivery were randomized (nonblinded) to supine horizontal (supine, n = 50) or 15° left tilt of the surgical table (tilt, n = 50) after spinal anesthesia (hyperbaric bupivacaine 12 mg, fentanyl 15 μg, preservative-free morphine 150 μg). Lactated Ringer’s 10 ml/kg and a phenylephrine infusion titrated to 100% baseline systolic blood pressure were initiated with intrathecal injection. The primary outcome was umbilical artery base excess.

Results
There were no differences in umbilical artery base excess or pH between groups. The mean umbilical artery base excess (± SD) was −0.5 mM (± 1.6) in the supine group (n = 50) versus −0.6 mM (± 1.5) in the tilt group (n = 47) (P = 0.64). During 15 min after spinal anesthesia, mean phenylephrine requirement was greater (P = 0.002), and mean cardiac output was lower (P = 0.014) in the supine group.

Conclusions
Maternal supine position during elective cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia in healthy term women does not impair neonatal acid–base status compared to 15° left tilt, when maternal systolic blood pressure is maintained with a coload and phenylephrine infusion. These findings may not be generalized to emergency situations or nonreassuring fetal status.
Does Additional Uncinate Resection Increase Pseudarthrosis Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion?
Authors: Lee Dong-Ho , Cho Jae Hwan , Baik Jong-Min , Joo Youn-Suk , Park Sehan , Min Woo-Kie , Hwang Chang Ju , Lee Choon Sung 
Published: June 2017

Study Design.
Retrospective comparative study.

Objective.
To investigate whether unilateral or bilateral uncinate resection (UR) combined with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) increases the risk of pseudarthrosis at long-term follow-up.

Summary of Background Data.
Uncoforaminotomy (or UR), performed along with ACDF, facilitates better and faster improvement of arm pain. As uncovertebral joints are important for maintaining stability, they may affect the fusion process by causing segmental instability if resected during ACDF.

Methods.
We retrospectively examined 167 patients (89 men, 78 women; mean age, 58.4 ± 10.5 yr) who consecutively underwent single- or double-level ACDF and were followed for >2 years. UR was not performed in 46 patients (N-UR group). UR of at least one foramen was performed in 121 patients (UR group), including unilateral UR in 89 patients (U-UR group) and bilateral UR in 32 patients (B-UR group). Demographic data, fusion rate, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for neck/arm pain, and neck disability index (NDI) scores were compared between the N-UR and UR groups. Moreover, the fusion rates after the single- and double-level procedures were compared among the groups.

Results.
There was no difference in sex, age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and smoking history between the N-UR and UR groups. The fusion rates after single-level ACDF were not significantly different among the N-UR, U-UR, and B-UR groups (91.4%, 97.8%, and 88.2%; P = 0.290). Solid fusion was achieved in all groups after double-level ACDF (72.7%, 95.5%, and 86.7%), although the rates did not significantly differ among the groups (P = 0.071). The improvement in the VAS score for arm pain was significantly better in the UR group than in the N-UR group at short-term follow-up (P < 0.001).

Conclusion.
Unilateral or bilateral UR does not affect the fusion rate after single- or double-level ACDF. Hence, if necessary, additional UR can be performed during ACDF without concern regarding nonunion.

Level of Evidence: 4
Clinical Nurse Specialist Perceptions' of Spiritual Care
Authors: Saunders Mitzi M. , Harris Karen , Hale Deborah L. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT:
The clinical nurse specialist (CNS) is positioned to influence spiritual care at three levels of practice: patient, nurse, and system. This study, the first to explore CNS spiritual care, reports on CNSs' perceptions in providing spiritual care. Four themes were extracted from interview data: 1) Providing direct spiritual support for patients, 2) Nurses need support in providing spiritual care, 3) Using existing resources, and 4) Spiritual care falls short. Not one CNS mentioned barriers to their direct provision of spiritual care. Results support that CNSs can improve spiritual care delivery.
Abstinence-Only Sex Education Fails African American Youth
Authors: Breunig Michelle 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT:
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) disproportionately affect U.S. African American (AA) youth. In AA faith communities, cultural practices have contributed to increased STI rates because abstinence-only-until-marriage education programs do not teach the use of condoms or birth control for preventing STIs or pregnancy. Comprehensive sex education or abstinence-plus programs have been reported to increase STI knowledge and reduce risk-taking behaviors in adolescents and young adults. Evidence supports computerized education to increase STI knowledge and decrease risky sexual behaviors of AA churchgoing youth.
Transverse Split Sternotomy
Authors: Garg Pankaj , Kumar Bishnoi Arvind , Patel Kartik , Annanthnarayan Chandrashekaran , Patel Jigar , Talsariya Malkesh , Shah Komal , Patel Sanjay 
Published: June 2017

Objective In this article, we aim to review our mini-invasive technique of transverse sternal split (TSS) with or without cervical cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), its usefulness, and efficiency for repair of congenital cardiac defects. Methods Between January 2013 and June 2015, 34 infants and small children were operated through TSS in third or fourth intercostal space [Tetralogy of Fallot 11, perventricular ventricular septal defect (VSD) device closure 23]. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established through cervical (common carotid artery [CCA] and internal juglar vein [IJV]) and inferior vena cava cannulation. In patients operated on CPB, near-infrared spectroscopy was monitored during surgery for cerebral oxygenation and Doppler ultrasonography was performed postoperatively for patency of CCA and IJV. Patients were followed up after discharge with physical examination and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Results Surgical site exposure through TSS was adequate in all patients. There was no significant morbidity, postoperatively or during follow-up except three patients with VSD device closure who required prolonged mechanical ventilation. Cervical cannulation was sufficient for arterial inflow in all patients operated on CPB. There was one mortality and three procedure failures in VSD device closure group. There was no incidence of neurological complication. Both CCA and IJV were patent in all patients operated on CPB. No significant residual defect was found in either group on postoperative transthoracic echocardiography. Conclusions Transverse sternal split with or without cervical cannulation is a feasible technique for repair of tetralogy of Fallot and perventricular device closure in selected group of infants and small children without compromising the exposure or quality of repair.
Early Hemodynamic Results in Patients with Small Aortic Annulus after Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Olivier Dionne Pierre , Poulin Frédéric , Bouchard Denis , Généreux Philippe , Ibrahim Reda , Cartier Raymond , Lamarche Yoan , Demers Philippe 
Published: June 2017

Objective Patients with a small aortic annulus (≤21 mm) have an increased risk of patient-prosthesis mismatch after valve replacement. The aim of this study was to compare the early hemodynamic performance of the balloon-expandable transaortic valve implantation Edwards system (SAPIEN) and the sutureless Perceval prostheses. Methods Fifty patients underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation, and 113 patients underwent sutureless aortic valve replacement. Mean ± SD aortic annulus diameter was 19.7 ± 1 mm, with no significant difference between groups. SAPIEN valve size was 23 mm in 40 patients (80%) and 26 mm in 10 patients (20%). Perceval valve size was small in 45 patients (40%), medium in 62 patients (55%), and large in 6 patients (5%). Transthoracic Doppler echocardiographic images were collected at baseline and before discharge. Results There were no significant difference in predischarge effective orifice area (SAPIEN: 1.5 ± 0.5 cm2 and Perceval: 1.48 ± 0.34 cm2, P = 0.58) and indexed effective orifice areas (SAPIEN: 0.93 ± 0.32 cm2/m2 and Perceval: 0.88 ± 0.22 cm2/m2, P = 0.42). Predischarge mean ± SD transaortic gradient was lower with the SAPIEN than with Perceval valves (12 ± 6 and 17 ± 6 mm Hg, respectively, P < 0.001). Rates of moderate and severe prosthesis-patient mismatch were similar (SAPIEN: 44% and 10% and Perceval: 50% and 14%, P = 0.53 and 0.75, respectively). There were no moderate-severe paravalvular leaks. Conclusions Although indexed effective orifice areas were similar, transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the balloon-expandable SAPIEN system yielded lower predischarge transaortic mean gradients than the surgically implanted Perceval, in patients with a small annulus.
Latest advances in the management of facial synkinesis
Authors: Markey Jeffrey D. , Loyo Myriam 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
To provide an overview of the treatment options for nonflaccid facial paralysis including physical rehabilitation, botulinum toxin injection and surgical intervention. To also describe recent technique advances regarding facial synkinesis in each zone of facial movement.

Recent findings
Physical therapy and neuromodulation with botulinum toxin continues to be the main treatment strategy for facial synkinesis. Treating the orbicularis oculi, mentalis and platysma muscles with neurotoxin has been well described. A symmetric smile can also be improved with ipsilateral depressor anguli oris and the contralateral depressor labi inferioris weakening. Novel surgical techniques to selectively ablate specific facial muscles have also been recently described.

Summary
Nonflaccid facial paralysis is a spectrum of hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement following facial nerve injury that is best treated in a patient-tailored graduated fashion. Novel techniques are evolving to maximize patient function while minimizing morbidity.
Early Antibiotic Exposure in Low‐resource Settings Is Associated With Increased Weight in the First Two Years of Life
Authors: Rogawski Elizabeth T. , Platts‐Mills James A. , Seidman Jessica C. , John Sushil , Mahfuz Mustafa , Ulak Manjeswori , Shrestha Sanjaya , Soofi Sajid B. , Yori Pablo Penataro , Mduma Estomih , Svensen Erling , Ahmed Tahmeed , Lima Aldo A.M. , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Kosek Margaret , Lang Dennis , Gottlieb Michael , Zaidi Anita , Kang Gagandeep , Bessong Pascal , Houpt Eric R. , Guerrant Richard L. ,   MAL‐ED Network Investigators
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:The potential growth‐promoting effects of antibiotics are not well understood among undernourished children in environments with high pathogen exposure. We aimed to assess whether early antibiotic exposure duration and class were associated with growth to 2 years of age across 8 low‐resource sites in the MAL‐ED birth cohort study.Methods:We followed 1954 children twice per week from birth to 2 years to record maternally reported antibiotic exposures and measure anthropometry monthly. We estimated the associations between antibiotic exposure before 6 months of age and weight‐for‐age and length‐for‐age (LAZ) z scores to 2 years. We assessed the impact of class‐specific exposures and duration, and compared these results to effects of antibiotic exposures after 6 months of age.Results:Antibiotic use before 6 months of age was associated with increased weight from 6 months to 2 years, whereas associations with length were less consistent across sites and antibiotic classes. Compared to unexposed children, 2 or more courses of metronidazole, macrolides, and cephalosporins were associated with adjusted increases in weight‐for‐age of 0.24 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04, 0.43), 0.23 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.42), and 0.19 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.35) from 6 months to 2 years, respectively.Conclusions:Antibiotic use in low‐resource settings was most associated with the ponderal growth of children who had multiple exposures to antibiotics with broad spectrum and anaerobic activity in early infancy. Opportunities for rational and targeted antibiotic therapy in low resource settings may also promote short‐term weight gain in children, although longer‐term physical growth and metabolic impacts are unknown.
Novel Pressure‐Impedance Parameters for Evaluating Esophageal Function in Pediatric Achalasia
Authors: Singendonk Maartje M.J. , Omari Taher I. , Rommel Nathalie , van Wijk Michiel P. , Benninga Marc A. , Rosen Rachel , Nurko Samuel 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:In achalasia, absent peristalsis and reduced esophagogastric junction (EGJ) relaxation and compliance underlie dysphagia symptoms. Novel high‐resolution impedance manometry variables, that is, bolus presence time (BPT) and trans‐EGJ‐bolus flow time (BFT) have been developed to estimate the duration of EGJ opening and trans‐EGJ bolus flow. The aim of this study was to evaluate esophageal motor function and bolus flow in children diagnosed with achalasia using these variables.Methods:High‐resolution impedance manometry recordings from 20 children who fulfilled the Chicago Classification (V3) criteria for achalasia were compared with recordings of 15 children with normal esophageal high‐resolution manometry findings and no other evidence suggestive of achalasia. Matlab‐based analysis software was used to calculate BPT and BFT.Results:Both BPT and BFT were significantly reduced in achalasia patients compared with children with normal esophageal motility (BPT 3.3 s vs 5.1 s P < 0.01; BFT 1.4 s vs 4.3 s P < 0.001). BFT was significantly lower than BPT (achalasia difference 1.9 s ± 1.3 s, P = 0.001 and normal difference 0.9 ± 0.3 s, P = 0.001). Overall, there was a significant correlation between BPT and BFT (r = 0.825, P < 0.001). We observed a 2‐way differentiation of achalasia patients; those in whom the BPT and BFT were proportional, but significantly lower than in patients with normal peristalsis, and those in whom BFT was disproportionately lower than BPT.Conclusions:Calculation of BPT and BFT may help determine whether esophageal bolus transport to the EGJ and/or esophageal emptying through the EGJ are aberrant. For achalasia, this may detect flow resistance at the EGJ, potentially improving both diagnosis and objective assessment of therapeutic effects.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Perianal Disease in Pediatric Crohn Disease Patients Followed in CEDATA‐GPGE Registry
Authors: Brückner Annecarin , Werkstetter Katharina J. , de Laffolie Jan , Wendt Claudia , Prell Christine , Weidenhausen Tanja , Zimmer Klaus P. , Koletzko Sibylle ,   CEDATA‐GPGE study group
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:Perianal disease (PD) with fistula and/or abscess formation is a severe complication in Crohn disease (CD). We examined prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for PD development in a pediatric CD cohort.Methods:Patients with CD from the prospective, multicenter registry for inflammatory bowel disease from Germany and Austria (CEDATA‐GPGE) were included if diagnosed at the age of 18 years or younger, registered within 3 months after diagnosis, and having at least 2 follow‐up visits within the first year of registration. We examined potential risk factors for PD with Kaplan‐Meier analysis and a final Cox model considering sex, family history of inflammatory bowel disease, extraintestinal manifestations, disease location, and induction therapy (corticosteroids or nutritional therapy).Results:Of 2406 patients with CD, 742 fulfilled inclusion criteria (59% boys, mean age at diagnosis 12.4 ± 3.4 years). PD was present at diagnosis in 41 patients (5.5%; 80.9% boys), whereas 32 patients (4.3%, 81.3% male) developed PD during follow‐up (mean 2.0 ± 1.6 years). The cumulative incidence of PD at 12 and 36 months after diagnosis was 3.5% and 7.5%, respectively. Potential risk factors for PD development during follow‐up were male sex (hazard ratio = 3.2, [95%; confidence interval 1.2–7.8]) and induction therapy with corticosteroids (hazard ratio = 2.5 [1.1–5.5]). Diagnostic evaluation at PD diagnosis was incomplete in 40% of affected subjects. PD resolved within 1 year in 50% of cases.Conclusions:Approximately 10% of CD patients in our cohort suffered from PD within the first 3 years of their disease. Male sex and initial corticosteroid therapy were associated with an increased risk to develop PD after diagnosis.
Changes in Hepcidin and Hemoglobin After Anti‐TNF‐alpha Therapy in Children and Adolescents With Crohn Disease
Authors: Atkinson Meredith A. , Leonard Mary B. , Herskovitz Rita , Baldassano Robert N. , Denburg Michelle R. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:Anemia is the most common systemic complication of inflammatory bowel disease, is more common in affected children than in adults, and is mediated in large part by chronic inflammation. Inflammation increases levels of the iron‐regulatory protein hepcidin, which have been elevated in adults with Crohn disease.Methods:We measured serum hepcidin‐25 and hemoglobin (Hgb) in 40 children and adolescents with Crohn disease at baseline and 10 weeks after initiation of anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α therapy. Measures of disease activity, inflammatory markers, and cytokines were obtained in all subjects. Anemia was defined by World Health Organization criteria.Results:At baseline hepcidin and C‐reactive protein levels were correlated, and 95% of subjects were anemic. After anti‐TNF‐α therapy, median (interquartile range) hepcidin concentrations decreased significantly and the distribution narrowed (27.9 [16.2, 52.9] vs 23.2 [11.1, 37.7] ng/mL, P = 0.01). Mean (standard deviation) Hgb also increased significantly (10.6 ± 1.2 to 10.9 ± 1.1 g/dL, P = 0.02), and the increase was sustained at 12 months, although 90% of participants continued to meet anemia criteria at 10 weeks. Disease activity and markers of inflammation also decreased and albumin levels increased. In generalized estimating equation analyses, higher TNF‐α, interleukin 6, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C‐reactive protein were associated with higher hepcidin concentrations (P = 0.04, P = 0.03, P = 0.003, and P < 0.001, respectively), and increased levels of disease activity were associated with higher hepcidin.Conclusions:In children with Crohn disease, anti‐TNF‐α therapy is associated with decreased levels of hepcidin and increased Hgb 10 weeks after induction. Improvement in anemia may be a secondary benefit for children who receive this therapy.