bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of resin‐bonded fixed dental prostheses after a mean observation period of at least 5 years
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Sailer Irena , Ioannidis Alexis , Zwahlen Marcel , Makarov Nikolay , Pjetursson Bjarni E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this systematic review was to assess the 5‐year and 10‐year survival of resin‐bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBBs) and to describe the incidence of technical and biological complications.Materials and MethodsAn electronic MEDLINE search complemented by manual searching was conducted to identify prospective and retrospective cohort studies and case series on RBBs with a mean follow‐up time of at least 5 years. Patients had to have been examined clinically at the follow‐up visit. Assessment of the identified studies and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Failure and complication rates were analyzed using robust Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates of 5‐ and 10‐year proportions.ResultsThe search provided 367 titles and 87 abstracts. Full‐text analysis was performed for 22 articles resulting in seven studies that met the inclusion criteria. Five articles were found through manual search, and 17 studies were provided from (Pjetursson et al. 2008, Clinical Oral Implants Research, 19, 131), resulting in an overall number of included studies of 29. Meta‐analysis of these studies reporting on 2300 RBBs indicated an estimated survival of resin‐bonded bridges of 91.4% (95 percent confidence interval [95% CI]: 86.7–94.4%) after 5 years and 82.9% (95% CI: 73.2–89.3%) after 10 years. A significantly higher survival rate was reported for RBBs with zirconia framework compared with RBBs from other materials. RBBs with one retainer had a significantly higher survival rate (P < 0.0001) and a lower de‐bonding rate (P = 0.001) compared with RBBs retained by two or more retainers. Moreover, the survival rate was higher for RBBs inserted in the anterior area of the oral cavity compared with posterior RBBs. The most frequent complications were de‐bonding (loss of retention), which occurred in 15% (95% CI: 10.9–20.6%) and chipping of the veneering material that was reported for 4.1% (95% CI: 1.8–9.5%) of the RBBs over an observation period of 5 years.ConclusionDespite the high survival rate of RBBs after 5 and 10 years, technical complications like de‐bonding and minor chipping were frequent. RBBs with zirconia framework and RBBs with one retainer tooth showed the highest survival rate.
The role of neuroinflammation and amyloid in cognitive impairment in an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhu Shenghua , Wang Junhui , Zhang Yanbo , He Jue , Kong Jiming , Wang Jun‐Feng , Li Xin‐Min 
Published: February 2017

SummaryAimsBoth amyloid deposition and neuroinflammation appear in the early course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the progression of neuroinflammation and its relationship with amyloid deposition and behavioral changes have not been fully elucidated. A better understanding the role of neuroinflammation in AD might extend our current knowledge to therapeutic intervention possibilities.MethodsThis study systematically characterized changes in behavioral abnormalities in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Brain pathology measures were performed in post‐mortem brain tissues of mice from 2 to 22 months.ResultsAPP/PS1 mice exhibited significant memory deficits from 5 months old, which were aggravated at the later stage of life. However, the degree of memory impairments reached a plateau at 12 months. An early appearance of amyloid plaques was at 3 months with a linear increase throughout the disease course. CD11b‐positive microglia and glial fibrillary acidic protein‐(GFAP) positive astrocytes were first detected at 3 months with a close association with amyloid plaques. Yet, the rate of changes in glial activation slowed down from 12 months despite the steady increase in Aβ.ConclusionThese findings provided evidence that neuroinflammation might be involved in the development and progression of cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice, suggesting novel intervention and prevention strategies for AD.
The phosphoinositide‐3 kinase signaling is involved in neuroinflammation in hypertensive rats
Authors: Tan Xing , Jiao Pei‐Lei , Wang Yang‐Kai , Wu Zhao‐Tang , Zeng Xiao‐Rong , Li Miao‐Ling , Wang Wei‐Zhong 
Published: February 2017

SummaryAimsIt has been demonstrated that neuroinflammation is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. The phosphoinositide‐3 kinase (PI3K) signaling in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key region for sympathetic outflow, is upregulated and contributes to increased blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic outflow in hypertension. This study was designed to determine the role of the PI3K signaling in neuroinflammation in the RVLM of hypertension.MethodsThe normotensive WKY rats were performed by intracisternal infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or angiotensin II (Ang II) for inducing neuroinflammation. Elisa was used to determine the level of proinflammatory cytokines. Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression of PI3K signaling pathway. Gene silencing of PI3K p110δ subunit and overexpression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were realized by injecting related lentivirus into the RVLM.ResultsIn the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the PI3K signaling in the RVLM was upregulated compared with WKY, gene silencing of PI3K in the RVLM significantly reduced BP and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), but also decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. In the WKY rats, central infusion of LPS and Ang II significantly elevated BP and RSNA, but also increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and PI3K signaling activation in the RVLM. These changes in the Ang II‐induced hypertension were effectively prevented by gene silencing of PI3K in the RVLM. Furthermore, overexpression of ACE2 in the RVLM significantly attenuated high BP and neuroinflammation, as well as decreased the activation of PI3K signaling in hypertensive rats.ConclusionThis study suggests that the PI3K signaling in the RVLM is involved in neuroinflammation in hypertension and plays an important role in the renin–angiotensin system‐mediated changes in neuroinflammation in the RVLM.
Deficiencies in postgraduate training for healthcare professionals who provide diabetes education and support: results from the Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) study
Authors: Byrne J. L. , Davies M. J. , Willaing I. , Holt R. I. G. , Carey M. E. , Daly H. , Skovlund S. , Peyrot M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimsTo consider the global provision of self‐management diabetes education and training for healthcare professionals using data from the second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) study.MethodsA total of 4785 healthcare professionals caring for people with diabetes were surveyed in 17 countries to assess diabetes healthcare provision, self‐management support and training.ResultsOf the healthcare professionals surveyed, 33.5% received formal postgraduate training in self‐management (19.3–51.4% across countries) and 62.9% received training for medical management of diabetes (47.6–70.6% variation). Training in psychological management was low (19.1%), ranging from 3.6 to 36.5%, while 20.4% (a range of 3.6–36.4% across countries) had received no postgraduate training. Overall, the greatest training need was in the management of psychological aspects of diabetes (59.5%). For some, training in a domain was positively associated with a perceived need for further training. Communication skills, for example, listening (76.9%) and encouraging questions (76.1%), were the skills most widely used. Discussion of emotional issues was limited; 31–60% of healthcare professionals across the different countries reported that this only occurred if initiated by patients. Approximately two‐thirds of participants reported a need for major improvements in emotional/psychological support, but few had received training in this area, with consistent findings across professional affiliations.ConclusionsThe present study shows that healthcare professionals report being insufficiently equipped to provide diabetes self‐management education, including emotional and psychological aspects of diabetes, and many are not receiving postgraduate training in any part (including medical care) of the management of diabetes. It is paramount that those responsible for the continuing professional development of healthcare professionals address this skills gap.
In vivo bioluminescence imaging of neurogenesis – the role of the blood brain barrier in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Fricke Inga B. , Schelhaas Sonja , Zinnhardt Bastian , Viel Thomas , Hermann Sven , Couillard‐Després Sébastien , Jacobs Andreas H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBioluminescence imaging in transgenic mice expressing firefly luciferase in Doublecortin+ (Dcx) neuroblasts might serve as a powerful tool to study the role of neurogenesis in models of brain injury and neurodegeneration using non‐invasive, longitudinal in vivo imaging. Therefore, we aimed to use BLI in B6(Cg)‐Tyrc‐2J/J Dcx‐Luc (Doublecortin‐Luciferase, Dcx‐Luc) mice to investigate its suitability to assess neurogenesis in a unilateral injection model of Parkinson's disease. We further aimed to assess the blood brain barrier leakage associated with the intranigral 6‐OHDA injection to evaluate its impact on substrate delivery and bioluminescence signal intensity. Two weeks after lesion, we observed an increase in bioluminescence signal in the ipsilateral hippocampal region in both, 6‐OHDA and vehicle injected Dcx‐Luc mice. At the same time, no corresponding increase in Dcx+ neuroblast numbers could be observed in the dentate gyrus of C57Bl6 mice. Blood brain barrier leakage was observed in the hippocampal region and in the degenerating substantia nigra of C57Bl6 mice in vivo using T1 weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Gadovist® and ex vivo using Evans Blue Fluorescence Reflectance Imaging and mouse Immunoglobulin G staining. Our data suggests a BLI signal dependency on blood brain barrier permeability, underlining a major pitfall of substrate/tracer dependent imaging in invasive disease models.
Reduced local input to fast‐spiking interneurons in the somatosensory cortex in the GABAA γ2 R43Q mouse model of absence epilepsy
Authors: Currie Stephen P. , Luz Liliana L. , Booker Sam A. , Wyllie David J. A. , Kind Peter C. , Daw Michael I. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryObjectiveAbsence seizures in childhood absence epilepsy are initiated in the thalamocortical (TC) system. We investigated if these seizures result from altered development of the TC system before the appearance of seizures in mice containing a point mutation in γ‐aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor γ2 subunits linked to childhood absence epilepsy (R43Q). Findings from conditional mutant mice indicate that expression of normal γ2 subunits during preseizure ages protect from later seizures. This indicates that altered development in the presence of the R43Q mutation is a key contributor to the R43Q phenotype. We sought to identify the cellular processes affected by the R43Q mutation during these preseizure ages.MethodsWe examined landmarks of synaptic development at the end of the critical period for somatosensory TC plasticity using electrophysiologic recordings in TC brain slices from wild‐type mice and R43Q mice.ResultsWe found that the level of TC connectivity to layer 4 (L4) principal cells and the properties of TC synapses were unaltered in R43Q mice. Furthermore, we show that, although TC feedforward inhibition and the total level of GABAergic inhibition were normal, there was a reduction in the local connectivity to cortical interneurons. This reduction leads to altered inhibition during bursts of cortical activity.SignificanceThis altered inhibition demonstrates that alterations in cortical circuitry precede the onset of seizures by more than a week.
Evolution and the duration of a doomed population
Authors: Gomulkiewicz Richard , Krone Stephen M. , Remien Christopher H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMany populations are doomed to extinction, but little is known about how evolution contributes to their longevity. We address this by modeling an asexual population consisting of genotypes whose abundances change independently according to a system of continuous branching diffusions. Each genotype is characterized by its initial abundance, growth rate, and reproductive variance. The latter two components determine the genotype's “risk function” which describes its per capita probability of extinction at any time. We derive the probability distribution of extinction times for a polymorphic population, which can be expressed in terms of genotypic risk functions. We use this to explore how spontaneous mutation, abrupt environmental change, or population supplementation and removal affect the time to extinction. Results suggest that evolution based on new mutations does little to alter the time to extinction. Abrupt environmental changes that affect all genotypes can have more substantial impact, but, curiously, a beneficial change does more to extend the lifetime of thriving than threatened populations of the same initial abundance. Our results can be used to design policies that meet specific conservation goals or management strategies that speed the elimination of agricultural pests or human pathogens.
Friends or Foes? Host defense (antimicrobial) peptides and proteins in human skin diseases
Authors: Niyonsaba François , Kiatsurayanon Chanisa , Chieosilapatham Panjit , Ogawa Hideoki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHost defense peptides/proteins (HDPs), also known as antimicrobial peptides/proteins (AMPs), are key molecules in the cutaneous innate immune system. AMPs/HDPs historically exhibit broad‐spectrum killing activity against bacteria, enveloped viruses, fungi and several parasites. Recently, AMPs/HDPs were shown to have important biological functions, including inducing cell proliferation, migration and differentiation; regulating inflammatory responses; controlling the production of various cytokines/chemokines; promoting wound healing; and improving skin barrier function. Despite the fact that AMPs/HDPs protect our body, several studies have hypothesized that these molecules actively contribute to the pathogenesis of various skin diseases. For example, AMPs/HDPs play crucial roles in the pathological processes of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, acne vulgaris, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. Thus, AMPs/HDPs may be a double‐edged sword, promoting cutaneous immunity while simultaneously initiating the pathogenesis of some skin disorders. This review will describe the most common skin‐derived AMPs/HDPs (defensins, cathelicidins, S100 proteins, ribonucleases and dermcidin) and discuss the biology and both the positive and negative aspects of these AMPs/HDPs in skin inflammatory/infectious diseases. Understanding the regulation, functions and mechanisms of AMPs/HDPs may offer new therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of various skin disorders.
Functional expression of olfactory receptors in human primary melanoma and melanoma metastasis
Authors: Gelis Lian , Jovancevic Nikolina , Bechara Falk G. , Neuhaus Eva M. , Hatt Hanns 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe identified the olfactory receptor 51E2 in human melanoma and have measured both OR51E2 mRNA and protein expression in melanoma tissue sections. qPCR analysis revealed that the receptor is upregulated in melanoma cells compared to normal melanocytes, indicating that OR51E2 may play a role in early melanoma development and progression. Activation of endogenous OR51E2 in cultured cells derived from metastatic and vertical‐growth phase (VGP) by its ligand β‐ionone results in an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. RNAi experiments showed that the β‐ionone‐induced Ca2+ signal depends on the activation of OR51E2. Furthermore, OR51E2 activation inhibits the growth of VGP melanoma cells via apoptotic processes. Cell motility assays revealed that treatment with β‐ionone decreases the migration of VGP melanoma cells. Overall, our data demonstrates that OR51E2 is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration, suggesting that it may serve as a novel target for melanoma therapy.
Polyphenol‐rich apple extract inhibits dexamethasone‐induced sebaceous lipids production by regulating SREBP1 expression
Authors: Lee Kyung‐Eun , Youm Jong‐Kyung , Lee Weon Ju , Kang Seunghyun , Kim Youn Joon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSebum production and excretion is a primary function of the sebaceous glands, but abnormally increased sebum production is a major cause of acne vulgaris. To identify a new candidate that regulates sebum production, we investigated the possible inhibitory effects of apple polyphenols (APP) purified from unripe apples on primary cultured human sebocytes and in patients with acne vulgaris. Dexamethasone (Dex) increased lipid synthesis and expression of the sterol response element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP 1) and its target enzymes, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), in the sebocytes. However, APP inhibited Dex‐induced lipid production and expression of SREBP‐1, ACC and FAS. APP also inhibited the increase in the expression and activation of glucocorticoid receptor in the sebocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that APP may be useful to regulate sebum production and may alleviate sebum‐involved skin disease, such as acne vulgaris.
Discovery of skin lymphocytes was a game changer in experimental dermatology
Authors: Matos Tiago R. , de Rie Menno A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA substantial part of ongoing research in experimental dermatology focuses on skin T cells—for that reason, we find important to highlight the pioneering work of Jan D. Bos et al. from 1987 (The skin immune system (SIS): Distribution and immunophenotype of lymphocyte subpopulations in normal skin) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3494791. This key article sets the record straight, once and for all, about the presence of lymphocytes in healthy skin, characterized the immunophenotypes of subpopulations, quantified these cells and studied their location. It was perhaps the critical discoveries made by Bos et al. that fuelled the scientific community's interest in skin lymphocytes, contributing to a new generation of cutaneous immunology research. We briefly describe additional scientific breakthroughs made since 1987. Nonetheless, the study of cutaneous lymphocytes remains essential to understand the relationship of these cells to human diseases and to develop therapies that can be leveraged to selectively mobilize, enhance or deplete these cells.
Mutational profiling of acral melanomas in Korean populations
Authors: Shim Joon Ho , Shin Hyun‐Tae , Park Jiho , Park Ji‐Hye , Lee Jong‐Hee , Yang Jun‐Mo , Kim Duk‐Hwan , Jang Kee‐Taek , Lee Dong‐Youn 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe proportion of acral melanoma (AM) is much higher in Asian populations than in Caucasian populations. Although mutational profiles associated with AM have been discovered in Caucasian populations, knowledge of its genetic alterations in Asian populations is limited. To describe the molecular nature of AM in Korean patients, we performed mutational profiling of AM and matched normal tissues in patients. Fifty‐one formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded AM samples and 32 matched pairs from patients’ saliva DNA were analysed by next‐generation sequencing. Only mutations confirmed via digital droplet PCR or in BRAF, KIT and NRAS, the most frequently altered cancer genes in cutaneous melanoma, were considered as positive. The relationship between mutational status and clinicopathological features were examined. Of the 47 AM patients screened, alteration of BRAF, NRAS and KIT genes was observed in 6.4%, 4.3% and 8.5%, respectively. We also tested matched normal tissues of patients to identify tumor‐specific mutations. Examination of the mutational profile in a cohort of 28 primary melanomas and matched normal controls found BRAF mutations in two cases (7.1%), KIT mutations in three cases (10.7%) and CTNNB1 mutations in one case (3.6%). The BRAF, NRAS and KIT mutation status did not correlate with clinicopathological characteristics. Our results show that KIT, NRAS and BRAF hotspot mutations occur at a low frequency in Korean populations. We also observed a case with the CTNNB1 mutation, which raises the possibility that other pathways are associated with AM development.
Intra‐annual plasticity of growth mediates drought resilience over multiple years in tropical seedling communities
Authors: O'Brien Michael J. , Ong Robert , Reynolds Glen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPrecipitation patterns are changing across the globe causing more severe and frequent drought for many forest ecosystems. Although research has focused on the resistance of tree populations and communities to these novel precipitation regimes, resilience of forests is also contingent on recovery following drought, which remains poorly understood, especially in aseasonal tropical forests. We used rainfall exclusion shelters to manipulate the interannual frequency of drought for diverse seedling communities in a tropical forest and assessed resistance, recovery and resilience of seedling growth and mortality relative to everwet conditions. We found seedlings exposed to recurrent periods of drought altered their growth rates throughout the year relative to seedlings in everwet conditions. During drought periods, seedlings grew slower than seedlings in everwet conditions (i.e., resistance phase) while compensating with faster growth after drought (i.e., recovery phase). However, the response to frequent drought was species dependent as some species grew significantly slower with frequent drought relative to everwet conditions while others grew faster with frequent drought due to overcompensating growth during the recovery phase. In contrast, mortality was unrelated to rainfall conditions and instead correlated with differences in light. Intra‐annual plasticity of growth and increased annual growth of some species led to an overall maintenance of growth rates of tropical seedling communities in response to more frequent drought. These results suggest these communities can potentially adapt to predicted climate change scenarios and that plasticity in the growth of species, and not solely changes in mortality rates among species, may contribute to shifts in community composition under drought.