bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dynamic sediment model based on satellite‐measured concentration of the surface suspended matter in the East China Sea
Authors: Mao Zhihua , Pan Delu , Tang Charles L. , Tao Bangyi , Chen Jianyu , Bai Yan , Chen Peng , He Xianqiang , Hao Zengzhou , Huang Haiqing , Zhu Qiankun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe concentration of total suspended matter (TSM) at the sea surface is derived from satellite data using a complex proxy TSM model in East China Sea from 1997 to 2008. The structure of the mean TSM image is similar to that of the topography, indicating that the distribution of the surface concentration is strongly related to the water depth. A dynamic sediment model (DSM) is constructed to relate the TSM concentration at the sea surface with suspended sediment at the benthic boundary layer, the Rouse number, and the water depth. The DSM model is improved through iteration with a convergence identified by the mean relative difference between two adjacent bottom TSM images which becomes smaller with the more iterations and the value is less than 1% after 50 iterations. The performance of the DSM model is validated by satellite‐measured concentration with a mean relative error of 5.2% for the monthly mean images. The DSM model is used to deduce the bottom TSM concentration at the benthic boundary layer and the distribution of the Rouse number. The spatial distribution of the sea surface TSM concentration is determined predominately by both the bottom suspended sediment concentration and water depth. The temporal variation of the sea surface concentration mainly depends upon the Rouse number in the water column. Our result shows that the discharge of the Changjiang River can change the distribution of the Rouse number to form a band‐shaped region in the Changjiang Estuary. The DSM model provides a framework for understanding some of the mechanisms of the formation and variation of the primary TSM plume and the secondary plume in the ECS. The primary TSM plume corresponds approximately to the region with depth shallower than 20 m and the secondary plume corresponds to the region with depths between 20 and 50 m.
The reduction of friction in long runout landslides as an emergent phenomenon
Authors: Johnson Brandon C. , Campbell Charles S. , Melosh H. Jay 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCampbell et al. (1995) modeled long runout landslides as granular flow using a soft particle code. Their model essentially simulates landslides from first principles, and although no fluid or obvious mechanism for reduction of friction is included, the model successfully reproduced many field observations of landslides (e.g., the preservation of source stratigraphy in the final slide mass and a decreasing effective friction with increasing slide volume). We extend the work of Campbell et al. (1995) with a focus on the mechanism that reduces friction in these slides. We find sliding preferentially occurs when the overburden is relieved by pressure variations in the slide. Further analysis shows that our results are very similar to the predictions of the acoustic fluidization hypothesis. Moreover, we determine that for long runout landslides the wavelength of vibrations associated with acoustic fluidization is determined by the size of the rock fragments in the slide.
Comparison of the Martian thermospheric density and temperature from IUVS/MAVEN data and general circulation modeling
Authors: Medvedev Alexander S. , Nakagawa Hiromu , Mockel Chris , Yiğit Erdal , Kuroda Takeshi , Hartogh Paul , Terada Kaori , Terada Naoki , Seki Kanako , Schneider Nicholas M. , Jain Sonal K. , Evans J. Scott , Deighan Justin I. , McClintock William E. , Lo Daniel , Jakosky Bruce M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNewly released Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph/Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (IUVS/MAVEN) measurements of CO2 density in the Martian thermosphere have been used for comparison with the predictions of the Max Planck Institute Martian General Circulation Model (MPI‐MGCM). The simulations reproduced (within one standard deviation) the available zonal mean density and derived temperature above 130 km. The MGCM replicated the observed dominant zonal wave number 3 nonmigrating tide and demonstrated that it represents a nonmoving imprint of the topography in the thermosphere. The comparison shows a great dependence of the simulated density and temperature to the prescribed solar flux, atomic oxygen abundances and gravity wave effects, with the former two being especially important in the thermosphere above 130 km and the latter playing a significant role both in the mesosphere and thermosphere.
Does the Madden‐Julian Oscillation modulate stratospheric gravity waves?
Authors: Moss Andrew C. , Wright Corwin J. , Mitchell Nicholas J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe circulation of the stratosphere is strongly influenced by the fluxes of gravity waves propagating from tropospheric sources. In the tropics, these gravity waves are primarily generated by convection. The Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) dominates the intraseasonal variability of this convection. However, the influence of the MJO on the variability of stratospheric gravity waves is largely unknown. Here we examine gravity wave potential energy at 26 km and the upper tropospheric zonal wind anomaly of the MJO at 200 hPa, sorted by the relative phase of the MJO using the Real Multivariate MJO indices. We show that a strong anticorrelation exists between gravity wave potential energy and the MJO eastward wind anomaly. We propose that this correlation is a result of the filtering of upward propagating waves by the MJO winds. The study provides the first observational evidence that the MJO contributes significantly to the global variability of stratospheric gravity waves in the tropics.
BARREL observations of a solar energetic electron and solar energetic proton event
Authors: Halford A. J. , McGregor S. L. , Hudson M. K. , Millan R. M. , Kress B. T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDuring the second Balloon Array for Radiation Belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) campaign two solar energetic proton (SEP) events were observed. Although BARREL was designed to observe X‐rays created during electron precipitation events, it is sensitive to X‐rays from other sources. The gamma lines produced when energetic protons hit the upper atmosphere are used in this paper to study SEP events. During the second SEP event starting on 7 January 2014 and lasting ∼3 days, which also had a solar energetic electron (SEE) event occurring simultaneously, BARREL had six payloads afloat spanning all magnetic local time (MLT) sectors and L values. Three payloads were in a tight array (∼2 h in MLT and ∼2 ΔL) inside the inner magnetosphere and at times conjugate in both L and MLT with the Van Allen Probes (approximately once per day). The other three payloads mapped to higher L values with one payload on open field lines for the entire event, while the other two appear to be crossing from open to closed field lines. Using the observations of the SEE and SEP events, we are able to map the open‐closed boundary. Halford et al. (2015) demonstrated how BARREL can monitor electron precipitation following an interplanetary shock created by a coronal mass ejection (ICME‐shock) arrival at Earth, while in this study we look at the SEP event precursor to the arrival of the ICME‐Shock in our cradle‐to‐grave view: from flare, to SEE and SEP events, to radiation belt electron precipitation.
Influence of Biodegradable Poly(butylene carbonate) on Plasticized Polylactide Blown Films
Authors: Lang Xianzhong , Zhao Yan , Pan Hongwei , Yang Huili , Zhang Huiliang , Zhang Guibao , Dong Lisong , Hao Yanping 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe polylactide (PLA) was blended with poly(1,2‐propylene glycol adipate) (PPA) and poly(butylene carbonate) (PBC). Then the extruded PLA/PPA/PBC blends were processed in the form of blown films. All of the ingredients used in the films are biodegradable. The miscibility, fracture surface morphology, and rheological properties of the PLA/PPA/PBC blends, further thermal properties, the tear‐fracture surface morphology, crystalline morphology, and mechanical and optical properties of the blown films were investigated. PPA did not enhance the miscibility between PLA and PBC. From SEM micrographs of the cryogenically fracture surfaces, PBC particles evenly dispersed in the PLA matrix. It could increase the nucleating density of the spherulites and decrease the size of the spherulites of PLA. The results indicated that the 85.5/9.5/5 PLA/PPA/PBC film had excellent tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, and transmittancy. The shear yielding induced by cavitation of PBC particles was the major tearing mechanism during the film tear test. The enzymatic degradation of PLA was slightly retarded in the presence of both PPA and PBC. These findings contribute new knowledge to the additives area and give important implications for manufacturing biodegradable polymer packaging materials.
DNA repair pathways underlie a common genetic mechanism modulating onset in polyglutamine diseases
Authors: Bettencourt Conceição , Hensman‐Moss Davina , Flower Michael , Wiethoff Sarah , Brice Alexis , Goizet Cyril , Stevanin Giovanni , Koutsis Georgios , Karadima Georgia , Panas Marios , Yescas‐Gómez Petra , García‐Velázquez Lizbeth Esmeralda , Alonso‐Vilatela María Elisa , Lima Manuela , Raposo Mafalda , Traynor Bryan , Sweeney Mary , Wood Nicholas , Giunti Paola ,   The SPATAX Network, Durr Alexandra , Holmans Peter , Houlden Henry , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Jones Lesley 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveThe polyglutamine diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD) and multiple spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), are among the commonest hereditary neurodegenerative diseases. They are caused by expanded CAG tracts, encoding glutamine, in different genes. Longer CAG repeat tracts are associated with earlier ages at onset, but this does not account for all of the difference, and the existence of additional genetic modifying factors has been suggested in these diseases. A recent genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in HD found association between age at onset and genetic variants in DNA repair pathways, and we therefore tested whether the modifying effects of variants in DNA repair genes have wider effects in the polyglutamine diseases.MethodsWe assembled an independent cohort of 1,462 subjects with HD and polyglutamine SCAs, and genotyped single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the most significant hits in the HD study.ResultsIn the analysis of DNA repair genes as a group, we found the most significant association with age at onset when grouping all polyglutamine diseases (HD+SCAs; p = 1.43 × 10–5). In individual SNP analysis, we found significant associations for rs3512 in FAN1 with HD+SCAs (p = 1.52 × 10–5) and all SCAs (p = 2.22 × 10–4) and rs1805323 in PMS2 with HD+SCAs (p = 3.14 × 10–5), all in the same direction as in the HD GWAS.InterpretationWe show that DNA repair genes significantly modify age at onset in HD and SCAs, suggesting a common pathogenic mechanism, which could operate through the observed somatic expansion of repeats that can be modulated by genetic manipulation of DNA repair in disease models. This offers novel therapeutic opportunities in multiple diseases. Ann Neurol 2016;79:983–990
Online monitoring of drop/particle size and size distribution in liquid–liquid dispersions and suspension polymerizations by optical reflectance measurements
Authors: Xie Guiming , Pan Pengju , Bao Yongzhong 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTEvolutions of drop/particle size and size distribution in liquid–liquid dispersions and suspension polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) were monitored by using an online optical reflectance measurement (ORM), and effects of operating parameters such as the agitation rate, concentration of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) dispersant, and initial concentration of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in MMA monomer on the Sauter mean diameter (d32) and size distribution of drop/particle were investigated. According to the variations of d32 of drops/particles with time, four characteristic particle formation stages can be identified for suspension polymerization process. The factors that lead to increase the rate of drop break up, such as increasing of concentration of PVA and decreasing of viscosity of dispersed phase, would postpone the particle growth stage. The d32 and size distribution breadth of drops/particles were significant increased when the liquid–liquid dispersions or suspension polymerizations were conducted at low PVA concentrations or MMA/PMMA solutions with high PMMA contents were used as the dispersed phase, in consistent with the scanning electron micrograph observation on final PMMA particles. It is clear that ORM can be effectively applied in online monitoring of size and size distribution of drops/particles in the liquid–liquid dispersions and suspension polymerizations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43632.
A Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C‐ITS)‐based lane‐changing advisory for weaving sections
Authors: Mai Trung , Jiang Rui , Chung Edward 
Published: April 2016

SummaryWeaving sections, a common design of motorways, require extensive lane‐change manoeuvres. Numerous studies have found that drivers tend to make their lane changes as soon as they enter the weaving section, as the traffic volume increases. Congestion builds up as a result of this high lane‐changing concentration. Importantly, such congestion also limits the use of existing infrastructure, the weaving section downstream. This behaviour thus affects both safety and operational aspects. The potential tool for managing motorways effectively and efficiently is cooperative intelligent transport systems (C‐ITS). This research investigates a lane‐change distribution advisory application based on C‐ITS for weaving vehicles in weaving sections.The objective of this research is to alleviate the lane‐changing concentration problem by coordinating weaving vehicles to ensure that such lane‐changing activities are evenly distributed over the existing weaving length. This is achieved by sending individual messages to drivers based on their location to advise them when to start their lane change.The research applied a microscopic simulation in aimsun to evaluate the proposed strategy's effectiveness in a one‐sided ramp weave. The proposed strategy was evaluated using different weaving advisory proportions, traffic demands and penetration rates. The evaluation revealed that the proposed lane‐changing advisory has the potential to significantly improve delay. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal risk factors involved in specific congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: A case–control study
Authors: Groen in 't Woud Sander , Renkema Kirsten Y. , Schreuder Michiel F. , Wijers Charlotte H.W. , van der Zanden Loes F.M. , Knoers Nine V.A.M. , Feitz Wout F.J. , Bongers Ernie M.H.F. , Roeleveld Nel , van Rooij Iris A.L.M. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDCongenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) comprise a heterogeneous group of birth defects with a variety of genetic and nongenetic factors suspected of involvement in the etiology. However, little is known about risk factors in specific CAKUT phenotypes. Therefore, we studied potential maternal risk factors in individual phenotypes within the CAKUT spectrum.METHODSQuestionnaire data were collected from parents of 562 children with CAKUT and 2139 healthy controls within the AGORA data‐ and biobank. Potential maternal risk factors investigated included folic acid use, overweight and obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, subfertility, and diabetes mellitus. We performed logistic regression analyses to assess associations between these potential risk factors and CAKUT phenotypes.RESULTSIncreased risks of CAKUT were observed for folic acid use and maternal obesity, while fertility treatment by in vitro fertilization or intrauterine insemination and diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy also seem to be associated with CAKUT. Use of multivitamins reduced the risk (odds ratio [OR], 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2–1.0) as opposed to use of folic acid supplements only (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0–1.8). Folic acid use was associated with duplex collecting systems (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0–3.4) and vesicoureteral reflux (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1–2.9) in particular. A relatively strong association was observed between diabetes during pregnancy and posterior urethral valves (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1–5.9).CONCLUSIONUse of folic acid only seems to be counterproductive for prevention of CAKUT, in contrast to multivitamin use. Furthermore, we observed differences in risk factor patterns among CAKUT phenotypes, which stress the importance of separate analyses for each phenotype. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:596–603, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prüftechnische Einflüsse auf das Ermüdungsverhalten hochfester feinkörniger Vergussbetone
Authors: Elsmeier Kerstin , Hümme Julian , Oneschkow Nadja , Lohaus Ludger 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHochfeste Vergussbetone finden häufig Einsatz im Bereich der Windenergieindustrie, wo sie hochzyklischen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt sind. Bislang sind zum Ermüdungsverhalten solcher Betone jedoch vergleichsweise wenige Untersuchungsergebnisse vorhanden. Daher existieren bei der Beurteilung des Ermüdungsverhaltens hochfester Vergussbetone noch erhebliche Unsicherheiten. Am Institut für Baustoffe der Leibniz Universität Hannover konnte in ersten Untersuchungen ein abweichendes Ermüdungsverhalten von hochfesten Vergussbetonen gegenüber hochfesten Normalbetonen festgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass die auftretenden Unterschiede verschiedenen prüftechnischen Störeinflüssen geschuldet sind, die bei hochfesten Vergussbetonen einen stärkeren Einfluss auf das Ermüdungsverhalten ausüben als bei Normalbetonen. Die prüftechnischen Störeinflüsse werden insbesondere durch die Prüffrequenz hervorgerufen. Mit der Prüffrequenz einhergehend wirkt sich auch die Probekörpererwärmung infolge der zyklischen Beanspruchung auf die Ergebnisse der Ermüdungsversuche aus. In diesem Beitrag werden die Untersuchungsergebnisse hinsichtlich des Ermüdungsverhaltens hochfester Vergussbetone vorgestellt und prüftechnische Einflüsse und deren Auswirkungen auf das Ermüdungsverhalten aufgezeigt.Technical testing influences on the fatigue behaviour of high‐strength grouting mortarHigh‐strength grouting concretes are commonly used in the wind energy industry, where they are exposed to high cyclic stresses. However, so far, concerning the fatigue behaviour of these concretes is hardly any research available. Therefore, there are still considerable uncertainties regarding the fatigue behaviour of high‐strength grouting concretes. At the Institute of Building Materials Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, deviating fatigue behaviour of high‐strength grouting concretes compared to a common high‐strength concrete could be determined in first investigations. The results of the investigations indicate that the differences in the fatigue behaviour are occurring due to various technical test influences, which exercise a stronger influence on the fatigue behaviour for high‐strength grouting concrete than common concrete. In particular, the testing frequency has a strong influence on the results of the fatigue investigations. Along with the testing frequency, the specimen heating due to the cyclic loading influences the results of the fatigue investigations. In this paper first results of the investigations concerning the fatigue behaviour of high‐strength grouting mortar and technical testing influences and their impact on the fatigue behaviour are presented.
Praxiserfahrungen zum Verstärken von Betonbrücken
Authors: Welsch Torsten , Reißen Karin , Schnellenbach‐Held Martina , Hegger Josef , von Weschpfennig Dieter , Haardt Peter 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSteigende Beanspruchungen insbesondere durch Schwerlastverkehr und altersbedingte Tragfähigkeitsdefizite älterer Brückenbauwerke führen dazu, dass zahlreiche Betonbrücken instand gesetzt oder verstärkt werden müssen. Um einen Beitrag zur konstruktiv und wirtschaftlich erfolgreichen Durchführung zukünftiger Verstärkungsmaßnahmen zu leisten, wurde im Auftrag der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt) eine Erfahrungssammlung zu “Verstärkungen älterer Beton‐ und Spannbetonbrücken” erstellt [1]. In der Dokumentation wird ein Überblick über den Stand der Technik der im Massivbrückenbau eingesetzten Verstärkungstechniken gegeben, und insgesamt 76 durchgeführte Verstärkungsmaßnahmen werden ausgewertet. Repräsentative Verstärkungsmaßnahmen werden in anonymisierter Form detailliert vorgestellt. Der vorliegende Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die in Kürze erscheinende Erfahrungssammlung [1], wobei die wesentlichen Erfahrungen der ausgewerteten Anwendungsfälle vorgestellt werden.Experiences on the Strengthening of Concrete BridgesIncreasing loads, in particular by heavy‐duty traffic, and age‐related load‐bearing deficits of older bridges result in the need of repairing and strengthening numerous concrete bridges. In order to contribute to a successful realization of future strengthening measures, a collection of experiences focusing on economical and constructive perspectives was provided on behalf of the German Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt). In this documentation [1], an overview is given on the state of the art of strengthening technologies for reinforced and prestressed concrete bridges, and the experiences of 76 strengthening measures are summarized. Representative strengthening measures are presented in anonymized form. This report describes the new documentation [1], and essential experiences of the evaluated cases of application are introduced.
Factors Associated with Review Board Dispositions following Re‐hospitalization among Discharged Persons found Not Criminally Responsible
Authors: Wilson Catherine M. , Nicholls Tonia L. , Charette Yanick , Seto Michael C. , Crocker Anne G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the Canadian forensic mental health system, a person found Not Criminally Responsible on account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) and given a conditional discharge returns to the community while remaining under the jurisdiction of a provincial/territorial Review Board. However, the individual can be re‐hospitalized while on conditional discharge, for reasons such as substance use, violation of conditions, or violence. We investigated whether being re‐hospitalized has an impact on the factors associated with the subsequent Review Board disposition. Persons found NCRMD from the three largest Canadian provinces who were conditionally discharged at least once during the observation period were included in the sample (N = 1,367). These individuals were involved in 2,920 disposition hearings; nearly one‐third of patients (30%) were re‐hospitalized after having been conditionally discharged by the Review Board. The factors examined included the scales of the Historical Clinical Risk Management‐20 and salient behavior that occurred since the previous hearing, such as substance use or violence. The greater presence of clinical items resulted in a greater likelihood of a hospital detention decision at the next hearing. The effect was larger for the re‐hospitalized group than for the group who successfully remained in the community since the last hearing. The results suggest that dynamic factors, specifically indicators of mental health, are heavily weighted by the Review Boards, consistent with the literature on imminent risk and in line with the NCRMD legislation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.