bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of the Safety of Electroconvulsive Therapy Use During the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Calaway Katherine , Coshal Shana , Jones Kristin , Coverdale John , Livingston Robin 
Published: June 2016

Objectives
Because of the lack of focus on the safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) during the first trimester of pregnancy in current literature, we set out to assess the safety of ECT use during this vital period of fetal development.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted, and a case where ECT was employed during the first trimester was presented. Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PubMed were independently searched by 2 authors using the following search terms: “ECT,” “electroconvulsive therapy,” “electroshock” combined with “pregnancy,” “first trimester of pregnancy,” and “teratogenicity.”

Results
Of the 97 articles reviewed, 13 met inclusion criteria. We identified 32 first-trimester patients as cases or case series. Adverse outcomes, including miscarriage with previous vaginal bleeding, vaginal bleeding, self-limited abdominal pain, and self-limited fetal spasms, were observed. We added 1 case of a pregnant patient at approximately 9 weeks gestation who experienced a threatened abortion after the administration of ECT.

Conclusions
Although the data are limited, they suggest that ECT is relatively safe when administered during the first trimester of pregnancy. The possible adverse consequences of ECT during the first trimester of pregnancy should be carefully weighed against the potential benefits of ECT on untreated mental illness.
Delayed recognition of fatal invasive meningococcal disease in adults
Authors: Nagel Frederick W. , Ezeoke Ifeoma , Antwi Mike , Del Rosso Paula E. , Dorsinville Marie , Isaac Beth M. , Hayden Althea , Hoffman Robert S. , Weingart Scott D. , Weiss Don 
Published: June 2016

Introduction:
Invasive meningococcal disease can be difficult to detect early in its course when patients may appear well and the severity of their illness is obscured by non-specific complaints.

Case presentation:
We report five cases of meningococcal sepsis in adult patients who presented to an emergency department early in the course of their disease, but whose severity of illness was not recognized.

Conclusion:
Suspicion of meningococcal sepsis should be heightened in the setting of hypotension, tachycardia, elevated shock index, leukopaenia with left shift, thrombocytopaenia and hypokalaemia, prompting early sepsis care.
PASP — a whole-transcriptome poly(A) tail length determination assay for the Illumina platform
Authors: Sipos Botond , Stütz Adrian M , Slodkowicz Greg , Massingham Tim , Korbel Jan , Goldman Nick 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe poly(A) tail, co-transcriptionally added to most eukaryotic RNAs, plays an important role in post-transcriptional regulation through modulating mRNA stability and translational efficiency. The length of the poly(A) tail is dynamic, decreasing or increasing in response to various stimuli through the action of enzymatic complexes, and changes in tail length are exploited in regulatory pathways implicated in various biological processes.To date, assessment of poly(A) tail length has mostly relied on protocols targeting only a few transcripts. We present PASP (‘poly(A) tailsequencingprotocol’), a whole-transcriptome approach to measure tail lengths — including a computational pipeline implementing all necessary analyses. PASP uses direct Illumina sequencing of cDNA fragments obtained through G-tailing of poly(A)-selected mRNA followed by fragmentation and reverse transcription.Analysis of reads corresponding to spike-in poly(A) tracts of known length indicated that mean tail lengths can be confidently measured, given sufficient coverage. We further explored the utility of our approach by comparing tail lengths estimated from wild type and Δccr4-1/pan2mutant yeasts. The yeast whole-transcriptome tail length distributions showed high consistency between biological replicates, and the expected upward shift in tail lengths in the mutant samples was detected. This suggests that PASP is suitable for the assessment of global polyadenylation status in yeast.The correlation of per-transcript mean tail lengths between biological and technical replicates was low (higher between mutant samples). Both, however, reached high values after filtering for transcripts with greater coverage. We also compare our results with those of other methods. We identify a number of improvements that could be used in future PASP experiments and, based on our results, believe that direct sequencing of poly(A) tails can become the method of choice for studying polyadenylation using the Illumina platform
Mechanistic Modeling and Analysis of the Mammalian Unfolded Protein Response
Authors: Chakrabarti Anirikh , Aboulmouna Lina , Varner Jeffrey 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCells monitor protein folding by an inbuilt quality-control system in which incorrectly or misfolded folded proteins are tagged for degradation or sent back through a refolding cycle. However, continued accumulation of incorrectly folded proteins triggers the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), which attempts to re-establish folding homeostasis or commits the cell to apoptosis. In this study, we developed a family of mechanistic models of the mammalian UPR system. An ensemble of models parameters was estimated by minimizing the difference between simulations and experimental measurements using multiobjective optimization. The ensemble of model parameters was validated using cross-validation. Analysis of the model ensemble suggested the three branches of UPR fired simultaneously. However, the importance of each brach was ranked ordered in time; PERK and IRE1 were more important early, while ATF6 was important later in the response. The activity of all three branches as coordinated by the molecular chaperone BiP. Model analysis suggested that BiP feedback was critical to the overall robustness of the system. Removal of any one branch of BiP feedback, destabilized the other branches. On the other hand, removal of all nodes of BiP feedback increased the overall robustness of the system. Thus, while BiP feedback is crucial to allowing the cell to adapt to small perturbations, it also makes the system fragile and susceptible to manipulation.
Perceptual integration without conscious access
Authors: Fahrenfort Johannes J. , van Leeuwen Jonathan , Olivers Christian N.L. , Hogendoorn Hinze 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe visual system has the remarkable ability to integrate fragmentary visual input into a perceptually organized collection of surfaces and objects, a process we refer to as perceptual integration. Despite a long tradition of perception research, it is not known whether access to consciousness is required to complete perceptual integration. To investigate this question, we manipulated access to consciousness using the attentional blink. We show that behaviorally, the attentional blink impairs perceptual decisions about the presence of integrated surface structure from fragmented input. However, when applying a multivariate classifier to electroencephalogram (EEG) data, the ability to decode the presence of integrated percepts remains intact when conscious access is impaired. In contrast, when disrupting consciousness through masking, decisions about integrated percepts and decoding of integrated percepts are impaired in concert with each other, while leaving feedforward representations intact. Together, these data show a dissociation between access to consciousness and perceptual integration.Significance statementOur brain constantly selects salient and/or goal-relevant objects from the visual environment, so that it can operate on neural representations of these objects. But what is the fate of objects that are not selected? Are these discarded, so that the brain only has an impoverished non-perceptual representation of them? Or does the brain construct perceptually rich representations, even when objects are not consciously accessed by our cognitive system? Here we answer that question by manipulating the information that enters into awareness, while simultaneously measuring cortical activity using EEG. We show that objects that do not enter consciousness can nevertheless have a neural signature that is indistinguishable from perceptually rich representations that occur for objects that do enter into conscious awareness.
Meta-aligner: Long-read alignment based on genome statistics
Authors: Nashta-ali Damoun , Aliyari Ali , Edrisi Mohammad Amin , Ahmadian Moghadam Ahmad , Motahari Seyed Abolfazl , Khalaj Babak Hossein 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFast and accurate alignment of long-reads plays an important role in reducing the overall cost of long-read sequencing. In this paper, we propose Meta-aligner, an efficient and accurate long-read aligner that exploits the statistics of reference genome to improve performance in terms of reducing time complexity and achieving significantly higher recall for very noisy and long reads. The first step of algorithm adopts well-known short-read aligners in order to rapidly align a large fraction of reads through a progressive process of aligning read fragments to the reference genome. In the second phase, the remaining reads are handled by simultaneous alignment of all read fragments and a decision making process which exploits the overall information provided by the corresponding mapped fragments. By using this procedure, significant performance improvement is attained in comparison with traditional schemes in the case of PacBio long-reads.
Persistent reduction of segment growth and photosynthesis in a widespread and important sub‐Arctic moss species after cessation of three years of experimental winter warming
Authors: Bjerke Jarle W. , Bokhorst Stef , Callaghan Terry V. , Phoenix Gareth K. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWinter is a period of dormancy for plants of cold environments. However, winter climate is changing, leading to an increasing frequency of stochastic warm periods (winter warming events) and concomitant reductions in snow cover. These conditions can break dormancy for some plants and expose them to freeze‐and‐thaw stress. Mosses are a major component of high‐latitude ecosystems, yet the longer‐term impacts of such winter warming events on mosses remain unknown.In order to determine the longer‐term legacy effects of winter warming events on mosses, we undertook a simulation of these events over three consecutive winters in a sub‐Arctic dwarf shrub‐dominated open woodland. The mat‐forming feather moss,Hylocomium splendens(the most abundant cryptogam in this system), is one of the most widespread Arctic and boreal mosses and plays a key functional role in ecosystems. We studied the ecophysiological performance of this moss during the summers of the experimental period (2007–2009) and in the following years (2010–2013).We show that the previously reported warming‐induced reduction in segment growth and photosynthesis during the experimental years was persistent. Four years after the last event, photosynthesis and segment growth were still 30 and 36% lower than control levels, which was only a slight improvement from 44 and 43% 4 years earlier. Winter warming did not affect segment symmetry. During the years after the last simulated event, in both warmed and control plots, chlorophyll fluorescence and segment growth, but not net photosynthesis, increased slightly. The increases were probably driven by increased summer rainfall over the study years, highlighting the sensitivity of this moss to rainfall change.Overall, the legacy effects shown here demonstrate that this widespread and important moss is likely to be significantly disadvantaged in a future sub‐Arctic climate where frequent winter warming events may become the norm. Given the key importance of mosses for soil insulation, shelter and carbon sequestration in high‐latitude regions, such persistent impacts may ultimately affect important ecosystem functions.ALay Summaryis available for this article.
Impact of a Pay‐for‐Performance Program on Care for Black Patients with Hypertension: Important Answers in the Era of the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Petersen Laura A. , Ramos Kate Simpson , Pietz Kenneth , Woodard LeChauncy D. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveEvaluate the effect of a pay‐for‐performance intervention on the quality of hypertension care provided to black patients and determine whether it produced risk selection.Data Source/Study SettingPrimary data collected between 2007 and 2009 from Veterans Affairs physicians and their primary care panels.Study DesignNested study within a cluster randomized controlled trial of three types of financial incentives and no incentives (control). We compared the proportion of physicians’ black patients meeting hypertension performance measures for baseline and final performance periods. We measured risk selection by comparing the proportion of patients who switched providers, patient visit frequency, and panel turnover. Due to limited power, we prespecified in the analysis plan combining the three incentive groups and oversampling black patients.Data Collection/Extraction MethodData collected electronically and by chart review.Principal FindingsThe proportion of black patients who achieved blood pressure control or received an appropriate response to uncontrolled blood pressure in the final period was 6.3 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 0.8–11.7 percent) greater for physicians who received an incentive than for controls. There was no difference between intervention and controls in the proportion of patients who switched providers, visit frequency, or panel turnover.Conclusions and RelevanceA pay‐for‐performance intervention improved blood pressure control or appropriate response to uncontrolled blood pressure in black patients and did not produce risk selection.
Fatal Intoxications Due to Administration of Isosorbide Tablets Contaminated with Pyrimethamine
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Shafi Humera , Mahmood Zahid , Sarwar Mohammad , Usman Hafiz Faisal , Tahir Mohammad Ashraf , Ashiq Muhammad Zar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn January 2012, 664 cases of pyrimethamine toxicity and 151 deaths were reported among cardiac patients that had recently received free medicines from pharmacy of Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan. These patients, ages ranged from 58 to 75 years, were prescribed simvastatin, clopidogrel, aspirin soluble, isosorbide mononitrate, and amlodipine. On examination of medications being given to them, it was found that a particular batch of isosorbide mononitrate tablets was contaminated with 50 mg pyrimethamine. Cardiac patients were taking isosorbide contaminated with pyrimethamine twice daily (100 mg pyrimethamine/day), whereas therapeutic dose of pyrimethamine for malaria is 25 mg/week. Postmortem urine, cardiac blood, and femoral blood specimens of three deceased males were submitted to author's laboratory for analysis. Postmortem toxicological analysis revealed that pyrimethamine concentration fell within the range of 1–10 μg/mL by liquid chromatography. Clinical, autopsy, histopathological, and toxicological findings strongly suggested toxicity due to pyrimethamine accumulation that resulted in deaths of these cardiac patients.
Flight performance of actively foraging honey bees is reduced by a common pathogen
Authors: Wells Trish , Wolf Stephan , Nicholls Elizabeth , Groll Helga , Lim Ka S. , Clark Suzanne J. , Swain Jennifer , Osborne Juliet L. , Haughton Alison J. 
Published: June 2016

SummarySudden and severe declines in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony health in the US and Europe have been attributed, in part, to emergent microbial pathogens, however, the mechanisms behind the impact are unclear. Using roundabout flight mills, we measured the flight distance and duration of actively foraging, healthy‐looking honey bees sampled from standard colonies, before quantifying the level of infection by Nosema ceranae and Deformed Wing Virus complex (DWV) for each bee. Neither the presence nor the quantity of N. ceranae were at low, natural levels of infection had any effect on flight distance or duration, but presence of DWV reduced flight distance by two thirds and duration by one half. Quantity of DWV was shown to have a significant, but weakly positive relation with flight distance and duration, however, the low amount of variation that was accounted for suggests further investigation by dose‐response assays is required. We conclude that widespread, naturally occurring levels of infection by DWV weaken the flight ability of honey bees and high levels of within‐colony prevalence are likely to reduce efficiency and increase the cost of resource acquisition. Predictions of implications of pathogens on colony health and function should take account of sublethal effects on flight performance.
The safety assessment of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on sympathovagal balance and heart rate variability; a comparison with amiodarone
Authors: Joukar Siyavash , Dehesh Mohammad‐Moein 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Dry stigmas of the Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) are well known in world as a popular flavouring and therapeutic agent. The anxiolytic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant and antiarrhythmic effects of saffron suggest that it may affect the autonomic control of the heart.

This study assessed its safety on cardiac sympathovagal balance and heart rate variability in rat.

Experimental groups were control, Saf50, Saf100, Saf200 (received saffron at dosages of 50 and 100 and 200 mg/kg/d, orally, respectively) and Amio (received 30 mg/mL/kg/d of amiodarone, orally, for 7 days) groups. On day 8, the frequency domain and time domain indices of animals' electrocardiograms were calculated.

The heart rate decreased and RR interval increased in Saf200 and Amio groups (P<.05 vs other groups). Square root of the mean squared differences of successive RR intervals enhanced in all treated groups, however, was only significant in Amio group (P<.05). The SD1/SD2 ratio was higher in Saf200 and Amio groups. Both low‐frequency (LF) and high‐frequency (HF) parameters were higher, and the LF/HF ratio was non‐significantly lower in treated groups.

The findings suggest that saffron not only has no harmful effect on activity of cardiac autonomic nervous system, but it may improve the stability of heart sympathovagal balance in normal rat.
Nurses' perceptions of the impact of the aged care reform on services for residents in multi‐purpose services and residential aged care facilities in rural Australia
Authors: Henderson Julie , Willis Eileen , Xiao Lily , Toffoli Luisa , Verrall Claire 
Published: June 2016

AimTo understand nurses' perceptions of the impact of the aged care reform on care and services for residents in multi‐purpose services (MPS) and residential aged care facilities (RACF) in rural South Australia.MethodsAn interpretative study using semi‐structured interviews. Participants comprised registered and enrolled nurses working with aged care residents in rural South Australia. Eleven nurses were interviewed, of these seven worked in MPS and four in RACF.ResultsData were analysed for similarities and differences in participants' experiences of care delivery between MPS and RACF. Common issues were identified relating to funding and resource shortfalls, staffing levels, skill mix and knowledge deficits. Funding and staffing shortfalls in MPS were related by participants to the lower priority given to aged care in allocating resources within MPS. Nurses in these services identified limited specialist knowledge of aged care and care deficits around basic nursing care. Nurses in RACF identified funding and staffing shortfalls arising from empty beds due to the introduction of the accommodation payment. Dependence upon care workers was associated with care deficits in complex care such as pain management, medication review and wound care.ConclusionFurther research is needed into the impact of recent reforms on the capacity to deliver quality aged care in rural regions.
Population‐based study shows that resuscitating apparently stillborn extremely preterm babies is associated with poor outcomes
Authors: Haines Morgan , Wright Ian M. , Bajuk Barbara , Abdel‐Latif Mohamed E. , Hilder Lisa , Challis Daniel , Guaran Robert , Oei Ju Lee 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThis population‐based study determined the delivery room management and outcomes of extremely preterm infants born with Apgar scores of 0.MethodsWe linked birth, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and death records for babies who were born between 22 + 0 and 27 + 6 weeks of gestation with a one‐minute Apgar score of 0, in New South Wales, Australia, between 1998 and 2011.ResultsWe classified 2173/2262 (96%) of infants with a one‐minute Apgar score of 0 as stillborn. Resuscitation was provided for 48/89 (54%) live births and 40/2173 (2%) stillbirths. Cardiac massage was given to 44 infants, including three 22‐week stillborn babies. Of the 13 live births admitted to an NICU, 11 survived to hospital discharge. Most (98%) of the 2212 deaths occurred on the first day of life. One baby who was classified as stillborn lived for 51 days. Resuscitation increased the mean (95% confidence interval) duration of survival from 1 (0–2) to 45 (0–104) hours (p < 0.001). No infant with a five‐minute Apgar score of 0 survived.ConclusionClinicians resuscitated extremely preterm infants without a detectable heartbeat, even at 22 weeks of gestation. No infant survived without resuscitation or if their heartbeat was not regained by five minutes.
Impact of high‐risk thrombophilia status on recurrence among children with a first non‐central‐venous‐catheter‐associated VTE: an observational multicentre cohort study
Authors: Limperger Verena , Kenet Gili , Goldenberg Neil A. , Heller Christine , Holzhauer Susanne , Junker Ralf , Klostermeier Ulrich C. , Knoefler Ralf , Kurnik Karin , Krümpel Anne , Mesters Rolf , Stach Michael , Young Guy , Nowak‐Göttl Ulrike 
Published: June 2016

SummaryDeficiency of antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC) or protein S (PS) constitutes a major risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Individuals at high risk for recurrence who benefit from screening need to be identified. The primary study objective was to determine the individual recurrence risk among children with a first non‐central‐venous‐catheter‐associated VTE with respect to their thrombophilia status and to evaluate if the clinical presentation at first VTE onset differs between children with AT, PC or PS deficiency versus no thrombophilia. We calculated the absolute risk of VTE recurrence and event‐free‐survival adjusted for thrombophilia, age, sex and positive family VTE history in 161 consecutively enrolled paediatric VTE patients. The presence of a deficiency relative to no thrombophilia was evaluated as a potential predictor of recurrence. Predictors for recurrence were AT deficiency (hazard ratio/95% CI: 6·5/2·46–17·2) and female gender (2·6/1·1–6·35). The annual recurrence rates (95% CIs) were 5·4% (2·6–10) in AT‐deficient children, 1·3% (0·3–3·8) in patients with PC deficiency, 0·7% (0·08–2·4) in the PS‐deficient cohort and 0·9% (0·4–1·8) in patients with no thrombophilia. Positive family VTE history or combined thrombophilias did not predict recurrence. Given the overall annual incidence rate of recurrence of 1·5% we suggest screening for AT deficiency in children with VTE.