bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐Photon Optical Properties in Individual Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Microplates
Authors: Wei Qi , Du Bin , Wu Bo , Guo Jia , Li Ming jie , Fu Jianhui , Zhang Zhipeng , Yu Jianwei , Hou Tianyu , Xing Guichuan , Sum Tze Chien , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMetal‐halide perovskites are recently extensively investigated as light absorbing material in solar cells. The outstanding optoelectronic properties and tunable light emission of the perovskites also make them promising candidates for light emitting diodes and lasers. However, understanding the relevant mechanisms and processes of the dependence of perovskite light emission on temperature and crystal size is still challenging. Herein, the CH3NH3PbBr3 monocrystals of different sizes are uniformly excited by two‐photon absorption at 800 nm (100 fs, 1 KHz). In contrast to the reported relative large exciton binding energy (≈76 meV) and spectrum clearly resolved excitonic absorption, the light emission origin in CH3NH3PbBr3 microcrystals at room temperature is unambiguously determined to be dominated by free electron–hole bimolecular recombination. The coherent light emission threshold of CH3NH3PbBr3 microcrystal increases with temperature, which is closely related to the temperature induced transition from exciton gas to free charge carriers. In addition, the coherent light emission threshold is found to decrease with the microcrystal size, which could be well interpreted by the interaction between the optical confinement, defect density, and cavity quantum electrodynamics effect. These results presented here may facilitate the development of perovskite light emitting diodes and lasers.
Aqueous Bismuth Titanium–Oxo Sulfate Cluster Speciation and Crystallization
Authors: Molina Pedro I. , Kozma Karoly , Santala Melissa , Falaise Clément , Nyman May 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInorganic aqueous metal–oxo clusters are both functional “molecular metal oxides” and intermediates to understand metal oxide growth from water. There has been a recent surge in discovery of aqueous Ti‐oxo clusters but without extensive solution characterization. We use small‐angle and total X‐ray scattering, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and a single‐crystal X‐ray structure to show that heterometals such as bismuth stabilize labile Ti–oxo sulfate clusters in aqueous solution.[Ti22Bi7O41(OH)(OH2)30(SO4)12]2+ features edge‐sharing between the Ti and Bi polyhedra, in contrast to the dominant corner‐linking of Ti‐oxo clusters. Bi stabilizes the Ti‐polyhedra, which are synergistically stabilized by the bidentate sulfates. Gained stability and potential functionality from heterometals is an incentive to develop more broadly the landscape of heterometallic Ti–oxo clusters.
Temperature‐Mediated Template Release: Facile Growth of Copper(I) Mixed Ethynediide/Isopropylethynide Nanoclusters
Authors: Zhang Leon Li‐Min , Mak Thomas C. W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn the comproportionation reaction of CuIIX2 and Cu0 with isopropylacetylene (iPr−C≡C−H), the ethynediide species C22− is generated via concomitant C−H/C−C bond cleavage of the iPr−C≡C−H precursor under moderate temperature to direct the formation of CuI mixed ethynediide/isopropylethynide nanoclusters (potentially explosive). The active ethynediide dianion C22− exhibits chameleon‐like templating behavior to form C2@Cum (m=6 (3, 4), 7 (2, 4), 8 (1)) central structural units for successive formation of {C22−⊂Cu24} (1, 2), {6 C22−⊂Cu48} (3), and {18 C22−⊂Cu92} (4) complexes. Bearing the highest C22− content, complex 4 features an unprecedented nanoscale Cu2C2 kernel. Furthermore, 1–3 exhibit structure‐controlled photoluminescence in the solid state.
Phosphate ester groups‐containing ricinoleic acid‐based Ca/Zn: Preparation and application as novel thermal stabilizer for PVC
Authors: Wang Mei , Jiang Jianchun , Xia Jianling , Li Shouhai , Li Mei 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTPhosphate ester groups containing ricinoleic acid‐based Ca/Zn (LPPRA‐Ca and LPPRA‐Zn) stabilizer was successfully synthesized from ricinoleic acid (RA) and used as thermal stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). These thermal stabilizers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and inductively‐coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The effects of LPPRA‐Ca/LPPRA‐Zn, CaSt2/ZnSt2, and other stabilizers on the thermal stability of PVC were studied through Congo Red test, discoloration tests, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), TGA–infrared, and TGA–mass spectrometry. The thermal stability tests show that LPPRA‐Ca/LPPRA‐Zn displays the best initial color stability and long‐term thermal stability for PVC. The superior performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of LPPRA‐Ca and LPPRA‐Zn. Moreover, a lower Zinc content of LPPRA‐Zn in PVC helps to decrease the “zipper dehydrochlorination” of the product, which contributes to a better initial thermal stability. Except for the better stabilization performance, LPPRA‐Ca/LPPRA‐Zn also displays better plasticization performance for PVC compared with other stabilizers. A possible stabilizing mechanism of PVC/LPPRA‐Ca/LPPRA‐Zn system was presented. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45940.
Association Study of Transforming Growth Factor Alpha TaqI Polymorphism and the Risk of Cleft Lip and/or Palate in an Iranian Population
Authors: Bagheri Fahimeh , Ebadifar Asghar , Khorram Khorshid Hamid Reza , Kamali Koorosh 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate the association of TGFA TaqI polymorphism with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) in an Iranian population.MethodsIn this case–control study, 113 children with NSCLP and 209 controls were included. Genotyping of the TaqI polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. A p‐value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsFor the TGFA TaqI polymorphism, the distributions of genotypes in the NSCLP (p = 0.810) and control group (p = 0.422) were in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. There was no statistically significant difference in the genotype distribution (p = 0.059) and allele frequency (p = 0.065) of the TGFA TaqI polymorphism in the NSCLP and control groups.ConclusionTGFA TaqI polymorphism was not associated with the risk of NSCLP in Iranian children. Birth Defects Research 109:1386–1389, 2017.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hemodynamic guidance of mitral paravalvular leak closure: The V is the key
Authors: Goldstein James A. 
Published: November 2017

Key Points

Severe mitral paravalvular leak (PVL) induces elevated mean left atrial (LA) pressure (LAP) and prominent V waves, leading to pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure
PVL closure promptly reduces V wave and mean LAP, correlates with improved echo regurgitation grade, and exerts immediate benefit to the lungs and right heart
Hemodynamic response patterns facilitate PVL closure
Simultaneous transcatheter transfemoral aortic and transeptal mitral valve replacement using Edward SAPIEN S3
Authors: Fanari Zaher , Mahmaljy Hadi , Nandish Shalish , Goswami Nilesh J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPatients with concomitant severe aortic stenosis (AS) and severe mitral stenosis (MS) with mitral annular calcification (MAC) constitute an elderly high‐risk population with multiple baseline comorbidities that coexist even before they develop severe valvular dysfunction. Transcatheter mitral valve replacements (TMVR) offer an alternative option for high‐risk patient with severe MS with MAC. A simultaneous transfemoral Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and transseptal TMVR is feasible and offers the least invasive approach of management. We are reporting a case of an 83‐year‐old man with very symptomatic severe AS and severe native MS with associated severe MAC and moderate mitral regurgitation with high STS score who underwent a simultaneous transfemoral TAVR and transseptal TMVR with good results and great improvement in symptoms that was maintained on 10 months follow‐up.
Fatal CTLA‐4 heterozygosity with autoimmunity and recurrent infections: a de novo mutation
Authors: Moraes‐Fontes Maria Francisca , Hsu Amy P. , Caramalho Iris , Martins Catarina , Araújo Ana Carolina , Lourenço Filipa , Taulaigo Anna V. , Lladó Ana , Holland Steven M. , Uzel Gulbu 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessagePrimary immunodeficiency disorders are rarely diagnosed in adults but must be considered in the differential diagnosis of combined recurrent infections and autoimmune disease. We describe a patient with CTLA‐4 haploinsufficiency and an abnormal regulatory T‐cell phenotype. Unusually, infections were more severe than autoimmunity, illustrating therapeutic challenges in disease course.
Co‐doping Nitrogen/Sulfur through a Solid‐State Reaction to Enhance the Electrochemical Performance of Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles as a Sodium‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Song Wei , Zhao Hanqing , Wang Liqin , Liu Shibin , Li Zhong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNitrogen‐ and/or sulfur‐doping has been used to enhance the electrochemical performance of TiO2 anodes in lithium‐ion batteries. Multiple doping in one step presents a challenge to produce anodes with excellent performance. Herein, we reports a facile process to co‐dope nitrogen and sulfur into black anatase TiO2 nanoparticles accomplished by using a solid‐state reaction with dried TiO2 gel and thiourea. Co‐doping introduced N and S atoms into the TiO2 matrix, increasing oxygen vacancies, thus enhancing the intrinsic electronic conductivity. Co‐doping also decreased the size of TiO2 nanoparticles from 15.6 to 10.1 nm, and increased the surface area from 77 to 129 m2 g−1, facilitating insertion/extraction of Na ions during charge‐discharge cycling. N/S co‐doped TiO2 exhibited a signficantly higher performance as a sodium‐ion battery anode than pristine black TiO2. The rate performance of the co‐doped TiO2 is improved up to 80 % in comparison with pristine black TiO2.
Leaded Bronze: An Innovative Lead Substitute for Cathodic Electrosynthesis
Authors: Gütz Christoph , Grimaudo Valentine , Holtkamp Michael , Hartmer Marius , Werra Janina , Frensemeier Lisa , Kehl Anton , Karst Uwe , Broekmann Peter , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe most common cathode materials for electro‐organic reduction reactions are lead, mercury, and cadmium, as they exhibit a large over‐potential for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Therefore, quite negative potentials can be reached, which are important for many electro‐organic conversions like dehalogenations, deoxygenations, and many more. As a major drawback, all three metals are prone to cathodic corrosion forming highly toxic organometallic compounds, which might contaminate the product. Thus, the synthesis of fine chemicals and biologically active agents through electro‐synthesis is highly challenging. To tackle this issue, we present leaded bronze as an innovative, easily available, and inexpensive cathode material, which combines an excellent performance in electrosynthesis with a significantly increased mechanical and chemical stability. Our results demonstrate that leaded bronze can effectively replace lead as an electrode material in a significant number of transformations.
Design of a Hypersensitive pH‐Sensory System Created by a Combination of Charge Neutralization and Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE)
Authors: Yoshihara Daisuke , Noguchi Takao , Roy Bappaditya , Sakamoto Junji , Yamamoto Tatsuhiro , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn our bodies, a slight pH change causes remarkable activation or serious damage in the biological processes and continuously keeps biological homeostasis. Detection of such a slight pH change has been a constant demand in searching for unusual biological events. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel pH sensory system that has been achieved through a combination of charge neutralization by a slight pH change with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). We selected a cyano‐functionalized oligo(phenylene‐vinylene) (cyanoOPV) backbone for AIE and introduced ammonium‐tethered boronic acid groups as a pH‐dependent function. The self‐assembling of these dyes (OPV‐Cn) was readily achieved by pH‐dependent charge neutralization at the neutral pH region. This sensory system showed unusually sensitive pH responsiveness in a narrow pH range. Moreover, this pH change was observed in a biologically important neutral pH region. We therefore believe that this system is broadly applicable to detect the slight pH change occurring in the biological events.
Furans Accessed through Visible‐Light‐Mediated Oxidative [3+2] Cycloaddition of Enols and Alkynes
Authors: Shao Ailong , Luo Xu , Chiang Chien‐Wei , Gao Meng , Lei Aiwen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractVisible‐light‐mediated formation of furans though direct oxidative [3+2] cycloaddition of 1,3‐diones and alkynes is described. This protocol provides a simple and mild route to poly‐substituted furans in moderate‐to‐good yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that this reaction likely follows a radical addition/cyclization pathway.
Production of recombinant human tektin 1, 2, and 4 and in vitro assembly of human tektin 1
Authors: Budamagunta M. S. , Guo F. , Sun N. , Shibata B. , FitzGerald P. G. , Voss J. C. , Hess J. F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractProteins predicted to be composed of large stretches of coiled‐coil structure have often proven difficult to crystallize for structural determination. We have successfully applied EPR spectroscopic techniques to the study of the structure and assembly of full‐length human vimentin assembled into native 11 nm filaments, in physiologic solution, circumventing the limitations of crystallizing shorter peptide sequences. Tektins are a small family of highly alpha helical filamentous proteins found in the doublet microtubules of cilia and related structures. Tektins exhibit several similarities to intermediate filaments (IFs): moderate molecular weight, highly alpha helical, hypothesized to be coiled‐coil, and homo‐ and heteromeric assembly into long smooth filaments. In this report, we show the application of IF research methodologies to the study of tektin structure and assembly. To begin in vitro studies, expression constructs for human tektins 1, 2, and 4 were synthesized. Recombinant tektins were produced in E. coli and purified by chromatography. Preparations of tektin 1 successfully formed filaments. The recombinant human tektin 1 was used to produce antibodies which recognized an antigen in mouse testes, most likely present in sperm flagella. Finally, we report the creation of seven mutants to analyze predictions of coiled‐coil structure in the rod 1A domain of tektin 1. Although this region is predicted to be coiled‐coil, our EPR analysis does not reflect the parallel, in register, coiled‐coil structure as demonstrated in vimentin and kinesin. These results document that tektin can be successfully expressed and assembled in vitro, and that SDSL EPR techniques can be used for structural analysis.
Survival of human papillomavirus‐associated cancers: Filling in the gaps
Authors: Osazuwa‐Peters Nosayaba , Massa Sean T. , Simpson Matthew C. , Adjei Boakye Eric , Varvares Mark A. 
Published: November 2017

Human papillomavirus‐associated cancers contribute to the total cancer burden in the United States. Although they are mostly preventable, 5‐year relative survival rates can be as low as 47% for penile cancer and as high as 66% for vulvar cancer.See also pages 203‐11.
Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: A Tool for Nanoscale Chemical and Structural Characterization of Biomolecules
Authors: Bonhommeau Sébastien , Lecomte Sophie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDue to its high molecular sensitivity and spatial optical resolution down to sub‐nanometer values, tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) has emerged as a powerful microscopy technique for nanoscale characterization. Progress in TERS instrumentation and in the manufacturing of efficient TERS tips allow for chemical and structural analysis under various experimental conditions (different wavelengths, substrates, and surrounding media). Many biological species have been examined by using this technique. Nucleic acids (individual nucleobases, DNA, and RNA) can show specific TERS features that reveal their composition, conformation, and defects. TERS studies on peptides and proteins (such as amyloid fibrils) provide relevant information on their morphology and structure, leading to valuable insight to their functions and behavior. Finally, lipid layers and membranes, viruses, bacteria, and cells can also be finely characterized. Generalizing TERS measurements in liq‐ uid medium to study biological systems is the main future challenge.
Identification of human–carnivore conflict hotspots to prioritize mitigation efforts
Authors: Broekhuis Femke , Cushman Samuel A. , Elliot Nicholas B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHuman–carnivore conflict is a primary driver of carnivore declines worldwide and resolving these conflicts is a conservation priority. However, resources to mitigate conflicts are limited and should be focused on areas of highest priority. We conducted 820 semistructured interviews with community members living within Kenya's Maasai Mara ecosystem. A multiscale analysis was used to determine the influence of husbandry and environmental factors on livestock depredation inside livestock enclosures (bomas). Areas with a high proportion of closed habitat and protected areas had the highest risk of depredation. Depredation was most likely to occur at weak bomas and at households where there were fewer dogs. We used the results to identify potential conflict hotspots by mapping the probability of livestock depredation across the landscape. 21.4% of the landscape was classified as high risk, and within these areas, 53.4% of the households that were interviewed had weak bomas. Synthesis and applications. With limited resources available to mitigate human–carnivore conflicts, it is imperative that areas are identified where livestock is most at risk of depredation. Focusing mitigation measures on high‐risk areas may reduce conflict and lead to a decrease in retaliatory killings of predators.
Male‐specific mortality biases secondary sex ratio in Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus
Authors: Kato Takahiro , Matsui Shin , Terai Yohey , Tanabe Hideyuki , Hashima Sayaka , Kasahara Satoe , Morimoto Gen , Mikami Osamu K. , Ueda Keisuke , Kutsukake Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSex allocation theory predicts that parents bias the offspring sex ratio strategically. In avian species, the offspring sex ratio can be biased at multiple growth stages, although the mechanisms are not well known. It is crucial to reveal a cause and timing of biased offspring sex ratio. We investigated (i) offspring sex ratio at multiple growth stages, from laying to fledging; and (ii) the stage at which offspring sex ratio became biased; and (iii) the cause of biased offspring sex ratio in Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus. Sex determination of 218 offspring, including hatchlings and unhatched eggs from 41 clutches, suggested that the offspring sex ratio was not biased at the egg‐laying stage but was significantly female‐biased after the laying stage due to higher mortality of male embryos. Half of the unhatched eggs showed no sign of embryo development (37/74, 50.00%), and most undeveloped eggs were male (36/37, 97.30%). Additional experiments using an incubator suggested that the cause of embryo developmental failure was a lack of developmental ability within the egg, rather than a failure of incubation. This study highlights the importance of clarifying offspring sex ratio at multiple stages and suggests that offspring sex ratio is adjusted after fertilization.
Distinguish water utilization strategies of trees growing on earth‐rocky mountainous area with transpiration and water isotopes
Authors: Jia Guodong , Liu Ziqiang , Chen Lixin , Yu Xinxiao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWater stress is regarded as a global challenge to forests. Unlike other water‐limited areas, the water use strategies of rocky mountainous forests, which play an important ecohydrological role, have not received sufficient attention. To prove our hypothesis that species adopt different water use strategies to avoid competition of limited water resources, we used site abiotic monitoring, sap flow and stable isotope method to study the biophysiological responses and water use preferences of two commonly distributed forest species, Pinus tabuliformis (Pt) and Quercus variabilis (Qv). The results showed that Pt transpired higher than Qv. Pt was also prone to adopt isohydric water use strategy as it demonstrated sensitive stomatal control over water loss through transpiration. Qv developed cavitation which was reflected by the dropping Ec in response to high vapor pressure deficit, concentrated peak sap flux density (Js), and enlarged hysteresis loop. Considering the average soil depth of 52.8 cm on the site, a common strategy shared by both species was the ability to tap water from deep soil layers (below 40 cm) when soil water was limited, and this contributed to the whole growing season transpiration. The contribution of surface layer water to plant water use increased and became the main water source for transpiration after rainfall. Qv was more efficient at using water from surface layer than Pt due to the developed surface root system when soil water content was not stressed. Our study proves that different water‐using strategies of co‐occurring species may be conducive to avoid competition of limited water resources to guarantee their survival. Knowledge of water stress‐coping strategies of trees has implications for the understanding and prediction of vegetation composition in similar areas and can facilitate forest management criteria for plantations.