bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous determination of ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, paeoniflorin, albiflorin and oxypaeoniflorin in rat plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Application to a pharmacokinetic study of wen‐Yang‐Huo‐Xue soft capsule
Authors: Wu Xiujun , You Yang , Qu Gonglin , Ma Ran , Zhang Mingxue 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA simple and sensitive HPLC–MS/MS method was developed and fully validated for simultaneous determination of ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, paeoniflorin, albiflorin and oxypaeoniflorin in rat plasma. Plasma samples were pretreated with protein precipitation using acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid). All analytes and digoxin (internal stand, IS) were quantitated through electrospray ionization in negative ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. All calibration curves exhibited good linearity (r > 0.9960) over a wide concentration range for all components. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions (RSD) at three different levels were all <12.0% and the accuracies (RE) ranging from −6.1 to 6.2%. The extraction recoveries of the five compounds ranged from 89.2 to 97.1%. The validated method was successfully applied in a comparative pharmacokinetic study of Wen‐Yang‐Huo‐Xue soft capsule (WYHXSC) in rats. Compared with single pure component, the exposure of the investigated components, except for oxypaeoniflorin, increased after oral administration of WYHXSC in rats, which suggested a synergistic effects between the herbs in the WYHXSC preparations.
Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy following drug‐eluting stent implantation: A systemic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials with longer follow up
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Agrawal Sahil , Garg Aakash , Vallakati Ajay , Lavie Carl J. , Helft Gerald 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the long term efficacy and safety of long duration DAPT (L‐DAPT) compared to short duration DAPT (S‐DAPT) after drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the clinical impact of L‐DAPT versus S‐DAPT after DES and have mean follow up period of at least 2 years or longer. Primary end point was stent thrombosis (ST). Secondary endpoints were all‐cause mortality, cardiac mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR), thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) major bleeding and stroke. Event rates were compared using a random effects model.ResultsWe identified five RCTs in which 19,760 patients were randomized to S‐DAPT (N = 9,810) and L‐DAPT (n = 9,950), respectively. Compared with L‐DAPT, S‐DAPT was associated with higher rate of MI (odds ratio [OR] 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.04, 2.10]). There were no significant differences between S‐DAPT and L‐DAPT in terms of all cause mortality, cardiac mortality, ST, TVR or stroke (OR 0.90, 95% CI [0.73, 1.12]; OR 1.02, 95% CI [0.80, 1.30]; OR 1.59, 95% CI [0.77, 3.27]; OR 0.87 95% CI [0.67, 1.14]; and OR 1.08 95% CI [0.81, 1.46], respectively). However, rate of TIMI major bleeding was significantly lower with S‐DAPT compared to L‐DAPT (OR 0.64, 95% CI [0.41, 0.99]).ConclusionsIn the present analysis of RCTs with longer follow up (2 years or longer), S‐DAPT compared with L‐DAPT, was associated with higher rate of MI and lower rate of major bleeding without any significant difference in the rates of all cause mortality, cardiac mortality, ST, TVR, and stroke.
Transseptal transcatheter mitral valve‐in‐valve: A step by step guide from preprocedural planning to postprocedural care
Authors: Guerrero Mayra , Salinger Michael , Pursnani Amit , Pearson Paul , Lampert Mark , Levisay Justin , Russell Hyde , Feldman Ted 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTranscatheter mitral valve replacement has been successfully performed with the use of aortic transcatheter heart valves in hundreds of patients worldwide with severe dysfunction of a degenerated mitral bioprosthesis and high surgical risk for repeat operation. The delivery approach in the vast majority of the mitral valve‐in‐valve procedures has been transapical. Although the transseptal approach may be more technically challenging, it is less invasive and may be preferred by patients. Data from case series and a large international registry suggest that patients treated with transseptal mitral valve‐in‐valve have faster recovery, more improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction and possibly lower mortality compared with patients treated with transapical approach. A prospective clinical trial, the MITRAL trial (Mitral Implantation of TRAnscatheter vaLves) is evaluating the safety and feasibility of transvenous transseptal mitral valve‐in‐valve. The experience from this trial has allowed us to improve our procedural approach. In anticipation of a wider adoption of the transseptal approach for mitral valve‐in‐valve, we describe our current method step‐by‐step from planning the procedure through postprocedural management. This is an evolving technique that has changed with experience and the transition to newer generation transcatheter heart valve devices. We discuss the use of cardiac computed tomography for planning the procedure including transseptal puncture and valve size selection, provide procedural and technical tips, and discuss postprocedural care.
Efficacy of radiation dose reduction due to real‐time monitoring and visualization of peak skin dose during coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Ichimoto Eiji , Kadohira Tadayuki , Nakayama Takashi , De Gregorio Joseph 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study assessed that the use of real‐time monitoring and visualization of peak skin dose could reduce radiation dose during coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundExposure to ionizing radiation has dose related effects including skin damage. Reducing the radiation exposure is important during CAG and PCI. The skin dose‐tracking system (DTS) has a real‐time monitor of radiation peak skin dose.MethodsA total of 323 consecutive patients who underwent CAG and PCI between September 2014 and June 2015 were enrolled. Patients were classified into with DTS group (CAG alone in 104 and PCI in 57 patients) or without DTS group (CAG alone in 106 and PCI in 56 patients).ResultsThere was no significant difference in reference air kerma between CAG alone with and without DTS groups. Reference air kerma with DTS group during PCI was lower than without DTS group (204.6 ± 141.1 mGy vs. 294.2 ± 237.4 mGy, P = 0.016). Moreover, kerma area product (17.8 ± 13.0 Gycm2 vs. 25.2 ± 19.3 Gycm2, P = 0.019) and number of cine runs (12.8 ± 5.0 vs. 15.5 ± 6.5, P = 0.013) with DTS group were lower than without DTS group. Multiple regression analysis showed increased reference air kerma was associated with male gender, body mass index and type B2/C lesion. Conversely, DTS correlated with decreased reference air kerma.ConclusionsThe use of DTS could reduce radiation dose during PCI. Real‐time radiation monitoring and visualization of peak skin dose was effective for the patients with PCI.
Low‐Temperature CO Methanation in Oil‐Tempered Plate Reactors by Optimization of Catalyst Activation Conditions
Authors: Schlüter Michael , Albrecht Matthias , Sündermann Madeleine , Rönsch Stefan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNi‐catalyzed methanation has been discovered more than 100 years ago. Since then, many applications based on syngas – from coal or biomass – for the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) have been established. Nevertheless, methanation still bears great potential for optimization. Especially for decentralized, biomass‐based applications, decreased methanation temperatures and pressures are expected to lower the costs of the overall process. Consequently, it is necessary to obtain a catalyst that is highly active under such reduced reaction conditions. This objective was successfully reached by a systematic variation of reduction temperature, pressure, and hydrogen concentration under the aspects of the design of experiment within the catalyst activation process.
Stereochemical Alignment in Triphospha[3]ferrocenophanes
Authors: Borucki Stefan , Kelemen Zsolt , Maurer Martin , Bruhn Clemens , Nyulászi László , Pietschnig Rudolf 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA series of triphospha[3]ferrocenophanes of the type Fe(C5H4‐PtBu)2PX with X=H, F, Cl, Br, I, NEt2, tBu has been prepared and characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. Despite having three stereogenic centers, the selective formation of a reduced number of diastereomers (either one or two) has been observed for these ferrocenophanes. Theoretical calculations revealed that the inversion of the central stereogenic center inverts the frontier orbital sequence leading to either an iron or a phosphorus centered HOMO depending on the respective diastereomer. CV measurements supported these results. For the all‐tert‐butyl substituted [3]ferrocenophane Fe(C5H4)2(PtBu)3 a chiral staggered conformation has been found in the solid state which differs substantially from the only other all‐organo substituted [3]ferrocenophane, Fe(C5H4)2(PPh)3.
Helical Oligonaphthodioxepins Showing Intense Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) in Solution and in the Solid State
Authors: Takaishi Kazuto , Yamamoto Takahiro , Hinoide Sakiko , Ema Tadashi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA series of oligonaphthodioxepins was synthesized, revealing a helically arranged octamer, (R,R,R,R,R,R,R)‐3, which showed intense circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) both in solution and in the solid state. The fluorescence quantum yields (ΦFL) in solution and in the solid state were 0.90 and 0.22, respectively, and the glum values in solution and in the solid state were +2.2×10−3 and +7.0×10−3, respectively. This is one of the highest solid‐state CPL glum values yet reported. The high ΦFL and glum values were due to the rigidity, as well as to the fact that (R,R,R,R,R,R,R)‐3 was a non‐planar molecule. Moreover, (R,R,R,R,R,R,R)‐3 was highly stable both chemically and stereochemically.
Probing Bis‐FeIV MauG: Isolation of Highly Reactive Radical Intermediates
Authors: Guchhait Tapas , Sarkar Sabyasachi , Pandit Younis Ahmad , Rath Sankar Prasad 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMauG is a diheme enzyme that utilizes two covalently bound c‐type heme centers. We report here step‐wise oxidations of a synthetic analogue of MauG in which two heme centers are bridged covalently through a flexible linker containing a pyrrole moiety. One‐ and two‐electron oxidations produce monocation radical and dication diradical intermediates, respectively, which, being highly reactive, undergo spontaneous intramolecular rearrangement involving the pyrrole bridge itself to form indolizinium‐fused chlorin–porphyrin and spiro–porphyrinato heterodimers. Unlike in MauG, where the two oxidizing equivalents produce the bis‐FeIV redox state, the synthetic analogue of the same, however, stabilizes two ferric hemes, each coupled with a porphyrin π‐cation radical. The present study highlights the possible role played by the bridge in the electronic communication.
N‐Heterocyclic Vinylidene‐Stabilized Phosphorus Biradicaloid
Authors: Rottschäfer Dennis , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFour‐membered biradicaloid compounds containing a N2E2 (E=main group element) framework have been thoroughly investigated; however, the synthesis of stable analogues with a C2P2 skeleton remains a challenge. Base‐mediated double C−H functionalization of IPr=CH2 (1) (IPr=C[N(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)CH]2) with PCl3 affords [{(IPr)CP}2Cl]Cl (2) as a royal blue solid. Treatment of 2 with KC8 yields the stable phosphorus biradicaloid [(IPr)CP]2 (3) featuring a four‐membered C2P2 ring. Compound 3 is diamagnetic and shows sharp and temperature‐independent NMR resonances, revealing its singlet biradicaloid nature. The stability of 3 is attributed to the σ‐ and π‐electron‐donating property of the N‐heterocyclic vinylidene [(IPr)C] group.
Decreased relapsed rate and treatment‐related mortality contribute to improved outcomes for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia in successive clinical trials
Authors: Alexander Thomas B. , Wang Lei , Inaba Hiroto , Triplett Brandon M. , Pounds Stanley , Ribeiro Raul C. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUNDOutcomes for children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have improved over the past 20 years even though the medications used for induction therapy have not changed.METHODSThis study analyzed data from patients with AML who were enrolled in successive protocols (AML97 and AML02) to determine the contributors to the improved outcomes of the latter clinical trial.RESULTSThere were significant improvements in 5‐year overall survival (48.9% vs 71.2%; P < .0001) and event‐free survival (43.5% vs 61.8%; P = .002) from AML97 to AML02. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of early death (ED)/treatment‐related mortality (TRM) was reduced for patients treated in AML02 (18.5% vs 7.9%; P = .007). Although the overall incidence of refractory disease (6.5% vs 5.6%; P = .736) and relapse (29.3% vs 21.0%; P = .12) did not differ between the 2 studies, patients with low‐risk AML who were treated in AML02 had a reduced incidence of relapse (27.3% vs 8.8%; P = .036).CONCLUSIONSThe improved outcomes of the AML02 trial resulted from improved disease control for low‐risk patients and overall decreased ED/TRM. These results emphasize the importance of supportive‐care measures throughout chemotherapy courses and hematopoietic cell transplantation and the value of treatment intensity for patients with low‐risk AML while underscoring the need for novel therapy, rather than increased therapy intensity, for children with high‐risk AML. Cancer 2017;123:3791–3798. © 2017 American Cancer Society
Modeling liver electrical conductivity during hypertonic injection
Authors: Castellví Quim , Sánchez‐Velázquez Patricia , Moll Xavier , Berjano Enrique , Andaluz Anna , Burdío Fernando , Bijnens Bart , Ivorra Antoni 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMetastases in the liver frequently grow as scattered tumor nodules that neither can be removed by surgical resection nor focally ablated. Previously, we have proposed a novel technique based on irreversible electroporation that may be able to simultaneously treat all nodules in the liver while sparing healthy tissue. The proposed technique requires increasing the electrical conductivity of healthy liver by injecting a hypersaline solution through the portal vein. Aiming to assess the capability of increasing the global conductivity of the liver by means of hypersaline fluids, here, it is presented a mathematical model that estimates the NaCl distribution within the liver and the resulting conductivity change. The model fuses well‐established compartmental pharmacokinetic models of the organ with saline injection models used for resuscitation treatments, and it considers changes in sinusoidal blood viscosity because of the hypertonicity of the solution. Here, it is also described a pilot experimental study in pigs in which different volumes of NaCl 20% (from 100 to 200 mL) were injected through the portal vein at different flow rates (from 53 to 171 mL/minute). The in vivo conductivity results fit those obtained by the model, both quantitatively and qualitatively, being able to predict the maximum conductivity with a 14.6% average relative error. The maximum conductivity value was 0.44 second/m, which corresponds to increasing 4 times the mean basal conductivity (0.11 second/m). The results suggest that the presented model is well suited for predicting on liver conductivity changes during hypertonic saline injection.
Key parameters decision for cloud computing: Insights from a multiple game model
Authors: Wang Jiaze , Liu Anfeng , Zhang Shigeng 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIn service‐oriented cloud computing systems (CCSs), the aim of cloud service organizers (CSOs) is to achieve maximum profit by collecting metadata with low cost from big data reporters (BDRs) and to provide advanced services to customers at a high price. In these systems, BDRs receive payoffs by reporting metadata to CSOs and exchanging metadata with other BDRs, and customers expect to get high‐quality services at a low price. However, because the missing of a critical parameters decision model in such service‐oriented CCSs, it is difficult to measure key parameters in CCSs such as price and quality of services in the competitive market. In this paper, we propose a multiple game (MG) model to formulate the critical parameters decision process. In the MG model, there are multiple games: games among BDRs and games among CSOs under the rule of “survival of the fittest,” games between BDRs and CSOs under the rule of “the highest payoff first,” and games between customers and CSOs under the rule of “the lowest price and the highest quality of service (QoS) first.” With the proposed multiple game (MG) model, the optimal key parameters can be obtained and the Pareto‐optimal equilibrium point can be achieved. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed MG model in dynamically deciding key parameters in CCSs.
Enabling Fast Pseudo‐2D NMR Spectral Acquisition for Broadband Homonuclear Decoupling: The EXACT NMR Approach
Authors: Ndukwe Ikenna E. , Shchukina Alexandra , Zorin Vadim , Cobas Carlos , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof , Butts Craig P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPseudo‐2D NMR spectroscopy provides a means of acquiring broadband homonuclear decoupled spectra useful for structural characterization of complex molecules. However, data points concatenated in the direct dimension in these experiments are acquired over incremented time periods—leading to long acquisition times with no sensitivity benefits due to the absence of signal averaging between scans. Herein, the concept of EXACT NMR spectroscopy (“burst” non‐uniform sampling of data points) is explored in pseudo‐2D experiments with results revealing little or no loss in spectral quality or signal intensity despite the acceleration of acquisition—up to 400 % in some cases.
The influence of climate on early and burial diagenesis of Triassic and Jurassic sandstones from the Norwegian–Danish Basin
Authors: Weibel Rikke , Olivarius Mette , Kjøller Claus , Kristensen Lars , Hjuler Morten Leth , Friis Henrik , Pedersen Per Kent , Boyce Adrian , Andersen Morten Sparre , Kamla Elina , Boldreel Lars Ole , Mathiesen Anders , Nielsen Lars Henrik 
Published: May 2017

AbstractClimate changes preserved in sandstones are documented by comparing the sediment composition and early diagenetic changes in sandstones deposited during arid to semi‐arid conditions, the Skagerrak Formation, with sandstones of the Gassum Formation deposited in a humid well‐vegetated environment. The study area covers the easternmost part of the Norwegian–Danish Basin, for which the Fennoscandian Shield functioned as sediment source area. The depositional environments of the formations, their distribution and burial depths are well‐constrained, facilitating a comprehensive petrographical and geochemical study complemented by porosity and permeability measurements of cores widely distributed in the basin (1700 to 5900 m burial depth). The Skagerrak Formation had an immature composition with more abundant feldspar, rock fragments and a larger variability in the heavy mineral assemblage when compared to the Gassum Formation, which was characterized by quartz and more stable heavy minerals. The arid to semi‐arid climate led to early oxidizing conditions under which abundant iron‐oxide/hydroxide coatings formed, while the evaporative processes occasionally resulted in caliche and gypsum precipitation. Under the humid climate, kaolinite precipitated due to leaching of feldspar and mica, and the abundant organic matter caused reducing conditions, which led to other Fe‐rich phases, i.e. pyrite, Fe‐chlorite and siderite. The inherited early diagenetic pore fluids and mineral assemblage also affect the mineral changes occurring during deeper burial, so dolomite preferentially formed in the sandstones deposited in an arid environment, while ankerite characterizes sandstones deposited under humid conditions. In addition to climate‐induced burial diagenetic changes, there are also temperature‐dependent phases, such as illite and quartz cement. Despite the same sediment source area remaining active during the entire period, the sediments that reached the Norwegian–Danish Basin were immature during the arid interval, although mature during the humid period. This has implications for provenance investigations as well as diagenetic investigations of sandstone reservoir quality.
Facies and integrated sequence stratigraphy of an Epeiric Carbonate Ramp Succession: Dhruma Formation, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Schlaich Markus , Aigner Thomas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs an example of an epeiric carbonate ramp depositional system, the world‐class outcrops of the Middle Jurassic Dhruma Formation were studied in the Oman Mountains (Sultanate of Oman). An integrated approach was followed: facies analyses were combined with quantitative sequence‐stratigraphic methods as well as bio‐ and chemostratigraphy. Depositional environments range from peritidal to lagoonal and ‘shoal‐like’ environments. A conspicuous four‐level hierarchy of cyclicity was identified. This is substantiated by facies trends and specific cycle indicators such as various types of discontinuity surfaces, biofacies changes, and a suite of quantitative‐ and semi‐quantitative sequence‐stratigraphic methods like facies stacking pattern plots, facies percentage, bed‐thickness and bio‐component diversity plots, as well as diagrams representing the environmental range and facies belt width per high‐frequency sequence. Potential reservoir facies are present in the form of peloidal and oolitic grainstones; potential baffle/seal facies as vastly extensive mudstones and marls. A transition from peritidal to low‐energy lagoonal deposits to increasingly high‐energy deposits can be observed towards the top of the Dhruma Formation representing a landward shift of the depositional environment. This study may be useful as outcrop analogue for the hydrocarbon‐bearing parts of the Dhruma in the subsurface of the Arabian Plate and for similar epeiric carbonates elsewhere.