bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunnel support design by comparison of empirical and finite element analysis of the Nahakki tunnel in mohmand agency, pakistan
Authors: Riaz Asif , Jamil Syed Muhammad , Asif Muhammad , Akhtar Kamran 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The paper analyses the geological conditions of study area, rock mass strength parameters with suitable support structure propositions for the under construction Nahakki tunnel in Mohmand Agency. Geology of study area varies from mica schist to graphitic marble/phyllite to schist. The tunnel ground is classified and divided by the empisical classification systems like Rock mass rating (RMR), Q system (Q), and Geological strength index (GSI). Tunnel support measures are selected based on RMR and Q classification systems. Computer based finite element analysis (FEM) has given yet another dimension to design approach. FEM software Phase2 version 7.017 is used to calculate and compare deformations and stress concentrations around the tunnel, analyze interaction of support systems with excavated rock masses and verify and check the validity of empirically determined excavation and support systems.
Preliminary calculation of irregular triguy mast support
Authors: Rykaluk Kazimierz 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The instantaneous tangential rigidity (corresponding to the applied horizontal load) of a triguy support with unequal ropes is determined. The differences between the ropes can be due to the different location, both horizontal and vertical, of their anchoring foundations and to the different types of ropes used. The horizontal rigidity of such a support has no general axis of symmetry. Therefore a formula for this rigidity in any direction and a formula for extreme rigidity angles are given in this paper. A notion of the guy’s eigenvalue, standing for the initial tension force above which the guy participates effectively in the support’s rigidity, is introduced. A numerical example is provided.
Recovery of microstructure properties: random variability of soil solid thermal conductivity
Authors: Stefaniuk Damian , Różański Adrian , Łydżba Dariusz 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this work, the complex microstructure of the soil solid, at the microscale, is modeled by prescribing the spatial variability of thermal conductivity coefficient to distinct soil separates. We postulate that the variation of thermal conductivity coefficient of each soil separate can be characterized by some probability density functions: fCl
(λ), fSi
(λ), fSa
(λ), for clay, silt and sand separates, respectively. The main goal of the work is to recover/identify these functions with the use of back analysis based on both computational micromechanics and simulated annealing approaches. In other words, the following inverse problem is solved: given the measured overall thermal conductivities of composite soil find the probability density function f(λ) for each soil separate. For that purpose, measured thermal conductivities of 32 soils (of various fabric compositions) at saturation are used. Recovered functions f(λ) are then applied to the computational micromechanics approach; predicted conductivities are in a good agreement with laboratory results.
Liquefaction mechanism induced by dynamic excitation modeled in Plaxis AE with the use of UBC and MOHR–coulomb constitutive relationships
Authors: Borowiec Anna , Stanuszek Michał 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) is commonly used in modern design of the various types of structures. There are two main issues/aspects that should be consider while using CAE in Geotechnics: the basic theory and material model. The paper deals with a problem of choosing the proper constitutive relationships which according to the authors are equally important in obtaining correct and reasonable results. This problem is illustrated by an example of dynamic calculations of fully saturated non-cohesive soils where liquefaction phenomenon is most likely to occur.
New Therapeutic Concepts in Post-Resuscitation Care
Authors: Jevdjic Jasna , Zunic Filip , Milosevic Bojan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
After the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), as a result of global ischaemia due to cardiac arrest followed by reperfusion, a condition develops called post-cardiac arrest syndrome. It manifests, alongside the pathology that caused the cardiac arrest, as a systemic inflammatory response, including severe cardio-circulatory and neurological dysfunction, leading to a fatal outcome. Th e aim of post-resuscitation care is to reduce the consequences of circulatory arrest, reperfusion, and the inflammatory response of the body on vital organ functions. The basis of post-resuscitation care comprises application of therapeutic hypothermia and early coronary angiography with PCI. However, after the initial enthusiasm, the validity of applying these aggressive methods in all comatose post-cardiac arrest patients was questioned. Currently, instead of therapeutic hypothermia, a strategy of maintaining a targeted body temperature, usually 36 °C, is being applied because there is no clear evidence of benefit for maintaining a lower body temperature in relation to the outcome. Additionally, patients with an obvious cardiac aetiology of cardiac arrest do not undergo early coronarography unless there is a clear indication of coronary artery occlusion. In the post-resuscitation period, the maintenance of adequate ventilation, maintaining levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the normal range, haemodynamic stability, control of blood glucose and electrolytes, and epileptic attack prevention are all strongly recommended measures. Th ere is no evidence to suggest that the application of the so-called neuroprotective agents affects the outcome of cardiac arrest.
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Newborns with Birth Weight Less Than 1500 Grams: Risk Factors and Causes
Authors: Folic Nevena , Djordjevic Zorana , Folic Marko , Markovic Slavica , Vuletic Biljana , Savic Dragana , Gajovic Olgica , Jankovic Slobodan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Low birth weight newborns (≤1500 grams) are at a high risk of acquiring hospital infections due to the immaturity of the immune system, lack of efficient structural barriers, and an incomplete development of endogenous microbial flora.
The aim of this study was to reveal the potential risk factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia in low birth weight newborns.
This study was a prospective cohort design with a nested case-control study and was conducted between January 1st, 2012 and June 30th, 2015 at the Neonatology Department, Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Serbia. There were 1140 newborns hospitalized at the Neonatology Department for longer than 48 hours during the study period, and 169 of them (14.82%) weighed less than 1500 grams at birth. In total, 73 (43.19%) newborns with low birth weights developed HIs. The most prevalent HI was hospital pneumonia (n=64, 87.67%).
Although univariate analyses identified many risk factors with a significant influence on the occurrence of hospital pneumonia, multivariate analysis identified only the following two independent risk factors for hospital pneumonia in newborns with birth weights below 1500 grams: mechanical ventilation (p=0.003, OR=68.893, 95% CI=4.285-1107.699) and longer hospitalization (p=0.003, OR=1.052, 95% CI=1.017-1.088). Almost all of the pathogens isolated from the patients with pneumonia were gram-negative bacteria (98.50%). More than half of all of the isolates were Acinetobacter spp (37.50%) and Enterobacter spp (18.75%).
Our study showed that mechanical ventilation and prolonged hospitalization were significant risk factors for the development of hospital pneumonia in newborns with birth weights below 1500 grams.
Role of Calcium Channel Blockers in Myocardial Preconditioning
Authors: Simonovic Nina , Jeremic Jovana 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The effects of coronary heart disease are usually attributable to the detrimental effects of acute myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Newer strategies such as ischaemic or pharmacological preconditioning have been shown to condition the myocardium to ischaemia-reperfusion injury and thus reduce the final infarct size. This review investigates the role of calcium channel blockers in myocardial preconditioning. Additionally, special attention is given to nicorandil whose mechanism of action may be associated with the cardioprotective effects of preconditioning. There are still many uncertainties in understanding the role of these agents in preconditioning, but future research in this direction will certainly help reduce coronary heart disease.
β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation Effects on Body Mass and Performance in Elite Male Rugby Union Players
Authors: McIntosh Nicholas D. , Love Thomas D. , Haszard Jillian J , Osborne Hamish R , Black Katherine E. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
McIntosh, ND, Love, TD, Haszard, J, Osborne, H, and Black, KE. β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation effects on body mass and performance in elite male rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 19–26, 2018—Preseason is characterized by high training volumes with short recovery periods β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been postulated to assist with recovery. β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate has been shown to improve strength and body composition among untrained groups; the benefits of HMB among trained populations are unclear because of the methodologies employed. This randomized control trail determined the effects of 11 weeks HMB supplementation on body mass and performance measures in 27 elite rugby players. β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate group (n = 13), mean ± SD age 20.3 ± 1.2 years, body mass 99.6 ± 9.1 kg; placebo group (n = 14), age 21.9 ± 2.8 years body mass 99.4 ± 13.9 kg for placebo. During the supplementation period, body mass increased with HMB 0.57 ± 2.60 kg but decreased with placebo 1.39 ± 2.02 kg (p = 0.029). There were no significant differences in any of the 4 strength variables (p > 0.05). However, on the yo-yo intermittent recovery test (YoYo IR-1), the placebo group improved 4.0 ± 2.8 levels but HMB decreased 2.0 ± 3.0 levels (p = 0.003). The results of this study suggest that HMB could be beneficial for gaining or maintaining body mass during periods of increased training load. However, it appears that HMB may be detrimental to intermittent running ability in this group although further research is required before firm conclusions can be made. Only 6 participants on HMB managed to complete both YoYo IR-1 tests because of injury, a larger sample size is required to fully investigate this potentially negative effect. Further, the mechanisms behind this decrement in performance cannot be fully explained and requires further biochemical and psychological investigation.
Self-Regulation and Sleep Duration, Sleepiness, and Chronotype in Adolescents
Authors: Owens Judith A. , Dearth-Wesley Tracy , Lewin Daniel , Gioia Gerard , Whitaker Robert C. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether shorter school-night sleep duration, greater daytime sleepiness, and greater eveningness chronotype were associated with lower self-regulation among adolescents.

METHODS:
An online survey of 7th- to 12th-grade students in 19 schools in Fairfax County, Virginia Public Schools was conducted in 2015. Self-regulation was measured with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, 2nd edition, Screening Self-Report Form. Sleep measures included school night-sleep duration (hours between usual bedtime and wake time), daytime sleepiness (Sleepiness Scale in the Sleep Habits Survey, tertiles), and chronotype (Morningness–Eveningness Scale for Children, continuous score and tertiles). Sociodemographic factors and mental health conditions were analyzed as potential confounders.

RESULTS:
Among 2017 students surveyed, the mean age was 15.0 years (range, 12.1–18.9 years), and 21.7% slept &lt;7 hours on school nights. In regression models adjusted for confounders, there was a significant independent association between self-regulation and both chronotype (P &lt; .001) and daytime sleepiness (P &lt; .001) but not sleep duration (P = .80). Compared with those in the lowest tertile of daytime sleepiness, those in the highest tertile had lower (0.59 SD units; 95% confidence interval, 0.48–0.71) self-regulation, as did those in the eveningness tertile of chronotype compared with those in the morningness tertile (0.35 SD units lower; 95% confidence interval, 0.24–0.46).

CONCLUSIONS:
Among adolescents, greater daytime sleepiness and greater eveningness chronotype were independently associated with lower self-regulation, but shorter sleep duration was not. Aspects of sleep other than school-night sleep duration appear to be more strongly associated with self-regulation.
Influence of Toxoplasma gondii infection on symptoms and signs of premenstrual syndrome: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alvarado-Esquivel Cosme , Sánchez-Anguiano Luis Francisco , Hernández-Tinoco Jesús , Pérez-Álamos Alma Rosa , del Rosario Rico-Almochantaf Yazmin , Estrada-Martínez Sergio , Vaquera-Enriquez Raquel , Díaz-Herrera Arturo , Ramos-Nevarez Agar , Sandoval-Carrillo Ada Agustina , Salas-Pacheco José Manuel , Cerrillo-Soto Sandra Margarita , Antuna-Salcido Elizabeth Irasema , Liesenfeld Oliver , Guido-Arreola Carlos Alberto 
Published: November 2016

Infection with Toxoplasma gondii in brain may cause some symptoms that resemble those in women with premenstrual syndrome. To determine the association of T. gondii infection with symptoms and signs of premenstrual syndrome, we examined 489 women aged 30–40 years old. Sera of participants were analyzed for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassays (EIA) and T. gondii DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were found in 38 (7.8%) of the women studied. Anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were found in 13 (34.2%) of the 38 IgG seropositive women. Logistic regression showed two variables associated with seropositivity to T. gondii: presence of diarrhea (odds ratio [OR] = 6.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–27.85; P = 0.01) and weight gain (OR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.37–6.07; P = 0.005), and two variables associated with high (>150 IU/ml) levels of IgG against T. gondii: presence of diarrhea (OR = 7.40; 95% CI: 1.79–30.46; P = 0.006) and abdominal inflammation (OR = 3.38; 95% CI: 1.13–10.10; P = 0.02). Positivity to EIA IgG and PCR was positively associated with obesity and negatively associated with joint pain by bivariate analysis.
Our study for the first time reveals a potential association of T. gondii infection with clinical manifestations of premenstrual syndrome.
Wirksamkeit von Melittin bei der Behandlung von Katzen mit feliner Immunschwächevirusinfektion
Authors: Wilhelm Natalie , Erfle Volker , Hartmann Katrin , Hartmann Anja D. 
Published: November 2016

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel: Melittin, Hauptbestandteil des Bienengifts, hemmt in vitro die Replikation des humanen Immunschwachevirus. Es ist in vivo nicht toxisch fur Katzen. Ziel der Studie war die Untersuchung der Wirksamkeit von Melittin bei Katzen mit naturlicher Infektion mit dem felinen Immunschwachevirus (FIV). Material und Methoden: In einer prospektiven, randomisierten Doppelblindstudie wurden 20 Katzen mit Melittin (500 μg/kg, 10 Katzen) oder Plazebo (phosphatgepufferte Kochsalzlosung, 10 Katzen) zweimal pro Woche subkutan uber 6 Wochen behandelt. Der Therapieerfolg wurde anhand des Karnofsky-Indexes fur das Allgemeinbefinden, der Auspragung der Symptome von Konjunktivitis und Stomatitis sowie durch die Bestimmung von labordiagnostischen (Hamatologie, Serumchemie), immunologischen (Lymphozytensubpopulationen, CD4/CD8-Ratio) und Surrogatparametern (Biopterin, 7-Xanthopterin) beurteilt. Ergebnisse: Melittin fuhrte zu einer Verbesserung des Allgemeinbefindens und zu einer Abnahme der klinischen Symptome von Stomatitis und Konjunktivitis. Eine statistisch signifikante Verbesserung der Konjunktivitis ergab sich jedoch nur bei hauptsachlich mit Melittin behandelten Katzen im Vergleich zu Katzen der Plazebogruppe. Dies war vermutlich auf die verschiedenen Scores am Anfang der Studie zuruckzufuhren. Es wurde kein Anstieg der CD4+-Lymphozyten-Konzentration, des CD4/CD8-Verhaltnisses und der Pterinkonzentrationen beobachtet. Melittin war gut vertraglich und hatte keine Nebenwirkungen. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Mit dieser Studie lies sich keine Wirksamkeit von Melittin nachweisen. In zukunftigen Studien konnte das Medikament aber in einer hoheren Dosierung oder uber einen langeren Behandlungszeitraum als in der vorliegenden Studie untersucht werden. Auch eine Kombination mit klassischen antiretroviralen Medikamenten ware denkbar, da fur andere Naturprodukte positive synergistische Wirkungen gezeigt wurden.
A reforma da previdência
Authors: Cano Wilson 
Published: November 2016

Mesa Redonda Assistência e Previdência: Caminhos e tendências no XX Ciclo de Debates do Serviço Social do Hospital das Clínicas da UNICAMP. Expositores: Professor Dr. Wilson Cano do Instituto de Economia da UNICAMP e Professora Dra. Maria Carmelita YazbeK Coordenadora da Pós-Graduação em Serviço Social da PUC São Paulo.
Cidades e metropolização
Authors: Fernandes Jurandir 
Published: November 2016

Mesa Redonda Cidades e Metropolização no XX Ciclo de Debates do Serviço Social do Hospital das Clínicas da UNICAMP. Expositores: Professor Dr. Jurandir Fernandes Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica da UNICAMP e Secretário dos Transportes Metropolitanos do Estado de São Paulo e Professor Dr Kazuo Nakano do Instituto Polis São Paulo.
Perspectivas atuais do SUS e o agir tecnológico do trabalhador como um ato ético-político
Authors: Merhy Emerson Elias 
Published: November 2016

Palestra proferida no Auditório da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas em 13/11/2003 em comemoração ao XX Ciclo de Debates do Serviço Social do Hospital das Clínicas da UNICAMP.
Kebutuhan Kalsium Ayam Broiler Fase Starter dengan Penambahan Enzim Fitase
Authors: Sholikhatin Eny , Poernama Ferry , Dono Nanung Danar , . Zuprizal 
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the calcium requirements of broiler chickens in starter phase with the addition of phytase enzyme. This experiment used 1,200 broiler chickens (mixed sex) for 21 days rearing period in a closed house. The basal diets was corn and soybean meal which contained 0.097% Ca and 0.123% P-av. The treatments consisted of 6 diets treatment: P1 (basal diet with the addition of 0.42% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and then P2 to P6 were basal diet with the addition of 0.22% NPP and 1,000 FTU/kg phytase and the addition of calcium (Ca) at different levels: 0.82% (P2); 0.74% (P3); 0.66% (P4); 0.58% (P5) and 0.50% (P6). The growth performance, feed efficiency, and bone mineralization parameters were studied using Oneway ANOVA in a Completely Randomized Design. Duncan's new Multiple Ranges Test was used to separate means with significant differences. Results showed that 0.90% Ca supplementation without phytase and the reduction levels of Ca from 0.82% to 0.50% increased the amount of feed consumed by birds in all growth phases (P<0.05). The addition of phytase had beneficial effects on increasing body weight (P<0.05) and average of body weight gain (P<0.05), and decreased the value of FCR in 11 - 21 days and 1 - 21 days. The addition of phytase increased protein and energy consumption, followed by increased in the value of PER and EER (P<0.05). When phytase was added in the diets, reduction levels of Ca in the diets up to 0.50% did not give any adverse effect on the tibia bone ash. It can be concluded that feeding with phytase can sustain growth performance, feed efficiency, and bone mineralization.
Vasić’s law of periphery
Authors: Milosavljević Monika , Palavestra Aleksandar 
Published: November 2016

The understanding of the ways in which the pioneer of Serbian archaeology Miloje M. Vasić explained cultural changes is important for the archaeological tradition we work in. Consequently, the aim here is to detect the weak spots in the epistemological foundations of the Serbian archaeology and to enable the improvement of the conceptual tools we use. Vasić’s entire interpretive concept of the praehistoric Danubian valley periphery was constructed before the World War I, and stated that it was decisively influenced by the religious ideas from the cult centres of the Aegean, and by the direct contact with the Greek colonists as well. Searching for the explanations for the then unknown material culture of Vinča, he chose cult objects because he believed these objects preserved conservative practices and reflected conservative tendencies of communities. The conclusions founded upon cult objects Vasić transformed into generalizations related to all other phenomena. Having chosen his sample, he used specific methods for analysis of archaeological material, developing a complex mechanism to explain how in the periphery these original ideas were transformed beyond recognition. He used stylistic analysis and method of groups, proceeding to the Kopienkritik method, developed by his teacher Adolf Furtwangler. Just like written sources are valorised by their place in the chain of reproduction form the original, in the same manner certain objects represent forms whose distance from the centre can be estimated. However, Vasić further complicated his equation, by introducing at least one more force operating upon the degeneration of objects on the periphery – the influence of deep substrate levels of the peripheral cultures. This intersection of forces may be labelled as Vasić’s “law of periphery”, according to which the corruption of material culture in the periphery is influenced by the distance from the centre and the conservatism of the deeper popular layers. Although he linked this profound traditionalism of population to the survivals, in Vasić’s interpretive key these in fact represent the mutated form of the concept of survivals, borrowed from unilineal evolutionism, and are more linked to substrate, according to which continuity is supposed to be monitored, than to evolutionary phases of development. He identified this mutated concept of survivals and substrate in folk customs, the most famous being the recognition of the Dionysian ritual in the ethnographic present of his time. This manner of chronologically and spatially unlimited analogical reasoning inevitably led to erroneous interpretations, with long-lasting epistemological consequences in Serbian archaeology.
Phytoextraction of Toxic Metals
Authors: Lasat Mitch M. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTRemediation of sites contaminated with toxic metals is particularly challenging. Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot be degraded, and the cleanup usually requires their removal. However, this energy‐intensive approach can be prohibitively expensive. In addition, the metal removing process often employs stringent physicochemical agents which can dramatically inhibit soil fertility with subsequent negative impacts on the ecosystem. Phytoremediation has been proposed as a cost‐effective, environmental‐friendly alternative technology. A great deal of research indicates that plants have the genetic potential to remove many toxic metals from the soil. Despite this potential, phytoremediation is yet to become a commercially available technology. Progress in the field is hindered by a lack of understanding of complex interactions in the rhizosphere and plant‐based mechanisms which allow metal translocation and accumulation in plants. In this paper, four research areas relevant to metal phytoextraction from contaminated soil are reviewed. The review concludes with an assessment of the current status of technology deployment and suggestions for future phytoremediation research.