bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontline Science: A hyporesponsive subset of rat NK cells negative for Ly49s3 and NKR-P1B are precursors to the functionally mature NKR-P1B+ subset
Authors: Sudworth Amanda , Vaage John T , Inngjerdingen Marit , Kveberg Lise 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Rat NK cells are divided into major subsets expressing either Ly49 receptors or the inhibitory NKR-P1B receptor in conjunction with NKG2A/C/E receptors. A minor subset of NKp46+ cells lacking expression of both Ly49 receptors and NKR-P1B is present in blood and spleen and is associated with decreased functional competence. We hypothesized that this subset may represent precursors to Ly49+ and/or NKR-P1B+ NK cells. When cultured in vitro in IL-2 and IL-15 or adoptively transferred to syngeneic hosts, a portion of NKR-P1B−Ly49s3− cells transformed to express NKR-P1B, but very little Ly49s3. Acquisition of NKR-P1B by NKR-P1B−Ly49s3− cells coincided with increased degranulation. In addition, although NKR-P1B−Ly49s3− cells highly proliferate, proliferative activity was reduced upon acquisition of NKR-P1B at comparable levels to bona fide NKR-P1B+ NK cells. A fraction of NKR-P1B−Ly49s3− cells remained negative for NKR-P1B, both in vitro and after adoptive transfer in vivo. Most NKR-P1B−Ly49s3− cells expressed the transcription factor Eomesodermin and NK cell markers, indicating that these cells represent conventional NK cells. Our findings suggest that the NKR-P1B−Ly49s3− NK cells are precursors to NKR-P1B single-positive cells and that functional competence is acquired upon expression of NKR-P1B.
Impact of robotic ultrasound image guidance on plan quality in SBRT of the prostate
Authors: Gerlach Stefan , Kuhlemann Ivo , Ernst Floris , Fürweger Christoph , Schlaefer Alexander 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
Ultrasound provides good image quality, fast volumetric imaging and is established for abdominal image guidance. Robotic transducer placement may facilitate intrafractional motion compensation in radiation therapy. We consider integration with the CyberKnife and study whether the kinematic redundancy of a seven-degrees-of-freedom robot allows for acceptable plan quality for prostate treatments.

Methods:
Reference treatment plans were generated for 10 prostate cancer cases previously treated with the CyberKnife. Considering transducer and prostate motion by different safety margins, 10 different robot poses, and 3 different elbow configurations, we removed all beams colliding with robot or transducer. For each combination, plans were generated using the same strict dose constraints and the objective to maximize the target coverage. Additionally, plans for the union of all unblocked beams were generated.

Results:
In 9 cases the planning target coverage with the ultrasound robot was within 1.1 percentage points of the reference coverage. It was 1.7 percentage points for one large prostate. For one preferable robot position, kinematic redundancy decreased the average number of blocked beam directions from 23.1 to 14.5.

Conclusion:
The impact of beam blocking can largely be offset by treatment planning and using a kinematically redundant robot. Plan quality can be maintained by carefully choosing the ultrasound robot position and pose. For smaller planning target volumes the difference in coverage is negligible for safety margins of up to 35 mm.

Advances in knowledge:
Integrating a robot for online intrafractional image guidance based on ultrasound can be realized while maintaining acceptable plan quality for prostate cancer treatments with the CyberKnife.
Direct shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography for superior labral anterior-to-posterior (SLAP) and Bankart lesions: investigation into the appropriate dose and level of local anesthesia
Authors: Lee Sun Hwa , Yun Seong Jong , Jo Hyeon Hwan , Kim Dong Hyeon , Song Jae Gwang , Park Yong Sung 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
To compare contrast leakage, pain score, image quality and diagnostic performance at different doses and levels of local anaesthesia for direct shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography.

Methods:
Patients (n = 157) were prospectively enrolled and allocated to Group 1 (no local anaesthetic), Group 2 (local anaesthesia to subcutaneous fat level; lidocaine 1–2 ml), Group 3 (to deltoid muscle level; 3–5 ml), or Group 4 (to subscapularis muscle level; 6–8 ml). We evaluated the frequency of contrast leakage, periprocedural/postprocedural pain, contrast-to-noise ratio of the intra-articular signal, and subjective image noise/image sharpness. Radiological diagnoses of superior anterior-to-posterior (SLAP) and Bankart lesions were assessed. All data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance/Kruskal–Wall, Χ 2/Fisher's exact and DeLong’s tests.

Results:
The frequency of contrast leakage from the injection path and subjective image noise were significantly lower in Groups 1 and 2 than in Groups 3 and 4 (p = 0.001–0.04). Periprocedural/postprocedural pain scores among Groups 2–4 were similar and lower than those of Group 1. The contrast-to-noise ratio (p = 0.11–0.97) and image sharpness (p = 0.12–0.43) were similar among Groups 2–4 and significantly lower than those of Group 1 (p = 0.001–0.02). The diagnostic performance for the assessment of superior anterior-to-posterior and Bankart lesions was better in Groups 2–4 than in Group 1, although there were no significant differences (p = 0.23–0.99).

Conclusion:
Local anaesthesia with 1–2 ml lidocaine at subcutaneous fat level reduced pain and provided optimal image quality in direct shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography.

Advances in knowledge:
This method can increase image quality, reduce periprocedural/postprocedural pain and potentially reduce the need for re-examination.
NEOGENE AND QUATERNARY CONTINENTAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF GREECE BASED ON MAMMALS
Authors: Koufos G.D. 
Published: July 2017

Most basins of Greece were filled with thick Neogene-Quaternary continental deposits, which include a large number of mammal fossiliferous sites. The investigations of the last 40 years in the various basins of Greece led to the discovery of many new fossiliferous sites. The extensive, long time and continuous excavations in the new fossiliferous sites as well as in the previously known ones - like the classical localities of Axios Valley, Pikermi and Samos Island - provided numerous fossils enriching remarkably the Greek fossil mammal record. The systematic study of these collections provided numerous data for their biochronology. Further magnetostratigraphic, radiometric or other methods of absolute chronology provided additional chronological data for the mammal faunas and the corresponding deposits. The correlation of all these data allowed the biostratigraphic classification of the continental Neogene Quaternary deposits of Greece which is given in the biostratigraphic tables of the present article. From these tables it is clear that for some time-intervals (Late Miocene, Early Pleistocene) the data are abundant allowing a detailed biostratigraphy, but for some others (Early- Middle Miocene, Pliocene, and for some time-spans of Early Pleistocene) the data are imited or missing and cannot allow an accurate and complete biostratigraphy.
ΜULTIPROXY PALEOENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION: THE PIRAEUS COASTAL PLAIN CASE STUDY
Authors: Triantaphyllou M.V. , Pavlopoulos K.P. , Kouli K. , Koukousioura O. , Dimiza M.D. , Aidona E. , Syrides G. , Pallikarakis A. , Goiran J.P. , Fouache E. 
Published: July 2017

The joint application of benthic foraminifera, pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), molluscs and magnetic susceptibility analyses in Piraeus coastal plain deposits resulted in the detailed study of palaeoenvironmental evolution of the area during almost the last 9000 years and the distinction of five lithostratigraphicalpaleoenvironmental units and subunits. Combined results of our analyses features the occurrence of an inner lagoon (unit Aa) followed by open lagoon (Unit Ab) depositional environment that was transformed to a shallow marine paleoenvironment with lagoonal features (Unit B) after 7800 BP. Since about 4800 BP a closed oligohaline lagoon (Unit C) used for grazing, occurred in the area, while after 2800 BP a marshy oligohaline depositional environment (Unit D) and signs of intensive agricultural activities are evidenced. The very good correlation of benthic foraminiferal, palynological, molluscan and magnetic susceptibility data and resulted indices is indicative of the potential of the applied methodologies as a paleoenvironmental tool box.
The effect of metronidazole releasing polymer coatings on in vitro biofilm formation
Authors: von Maltzahn Nadine Freifrau , Luderer Frank , Sternberg Katrin , Stiesch Meike , Stumpp Nico 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of a drug releasing poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)) implant coating in comparison to pure titanium onMethodsTitanium discs were coated with P(3HB) containing 5% (w) and 10% (w) of metronidazole, either with and without a P(3HB) topcoat. The biofilm formation was evaluated after 1, 4 and 9 days in a dynamic flow chamber system. Microbial adherence was quantified by determination of bacterial surface coverage.ResultsThe evaluated formulations of P(3HB)/metronidazole showed an antibacterial effect especially in the first 24 h. Prolonged incubation for 9 days showed reduced bacterial adhesion only on polymer coatings loaded with 10% (w) of metronidazole both with and without topcoat.ConclusionsThe evaluated coating formulations can provide protection from an
Punches or punchlines? Honor, face, and dignity cultures encourage different reactions to provocation
Authors: Krys Kuba , Xing Cai , Zelenski John M , Capaldi Colin A , Lin Zhongxin , Wojciszke Bogdan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractResearch on culture-related violence has typically focused on honor cultures and their justification of certain forms of aggression as reactions to provocation. In contrast, amusement and humor as the preferred reactions to provocation remain understudied phenomena, especially in a cross-cultural context. In an attempt to remedy this, participants from an honor culture (Poland), dignity culture (Canada), and face culture (China) were asked how they would react and how they would like to react to a series of provocative scenarios. Results confirmed that aggression may be the preferred reaction to provocation in honor cultures, while the preferred reaction to provocation in dignity cultures may be based on humor and amusement. The third kind of provocation reaction, withdrawal, turned out to be more complex but was most popular in dignity and face cultures. Furthermore, results confirmed that the way individuals think they would behave is more culturally diversified than the way individuals would like to behave.
Distribution of Combat Capabilities on Objectives by Using a Transport Problem
Authors: Baboș Alexandru , Baboș Alina-Mihaela 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The transport problem finds its application in situations where the upper echelons must draw up an optimal plan of resources allocation for combat capabilities on objectives. In order to achieve more reliable results for the real problem, the data needed to formulate the mathematical model are extracted from an order of operations. This paper presents the optimization of military action, showing how to solve a practical problem using the transportation problem.
Military Education and Training Supported by Blended Simulation
Authors: Bučka Pavel , Andrassy Vladimír 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The existing conflicts, both military and non-military are currently mostly of non-linear nature, where units composed of multiple specializations, both smaller and acting independently are prevailing. Those units are usually separated from home base and proper access to its own central supply lines of communication which strengthens emphasizes on their independent command and control, coordination within deployed forces and other assets within given operation. Therefore, prior collective training and preparation for deployment is one of the crucial operational planning requirements before deployment takes place. Modern training simulation techniques and assets do support preparedness of those units planned for deployment by aligning and synchronizing interoperability of their activities. One of such techniques - Blended simulation - can realistically generate a wide range of situations with exact imitation of activities to practice the ability of different types of units to the declared capabilities across the broad spectrum of tasks. Evaluation of the blended simulation effectiveness does further help to deliver more efficient methodologies and tactical procedures for further use within preparation stag. Such approach is in line with the trend of increased use of modelling and simulation techniques within military education and training.
The Operational Environment Influence on the Development Level of Military Structures
Authors: Grigoraş Constantin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The war has not disappeared and will never disappear. It is constantly changing, in perfect correlation with those who created it, the people organized into social structures. It changes according to the changes in the operational environment, influenced, in turn, by the technical-scientific discoveries. All these changes impose a new philosophy of warfare in which the methods of creating and using forces acquire new valences generated by the diversity and the possibilities of access to the new technologies. Knowing the way in which indirect (having the potential) factors influence the fighting capacity of a military structure is just as useful for predicting the outcome of the operation/battle/war. Knowing this assessment, the military decision makers will be able to submit variants and solutions to the political decision maker, who will choose the one that he will appreciate as being the most appropriate.
EU Policy Initiatives in the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Hadzhipetrova-Lachova Mariya 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The article traces the various stages in the development of EU - the Mediterranean region as well as the EU policy initiatives in the Mediterranean region. The very history of the European unification gives hope that by gaining experience in overcoming the difficulties of diverse nature, the Union will be able to “reset” relations with its Mediterranean partners, basing them on new principles and values.
Hungarian Security Policy and the Migrant Crisis (2015–2017)
Authors: Ivanova Diana 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to present the Hungarian security policy over the last two years, focused on the migrant crisis. This policy is explained on the basis of the National Security Strategy. According to the Strategy, the migration is treated as a natural and at the same time complex phenomenon, bringing economic and demographic advantages and, at the same time, carrying public and national security risks. It is concluded that resolving the crisis is one of the most important priorities of the Hungarian security policy. The paper highlights the differences between the Hungarian security policy and the official policy of the EU. Like the other members of the Visegrád Group, Budapest is against the quota system for the allocation of migrants. The position of Hungary is that the discussion of the migrant problem both in the Group and at EU level should be based on the concept of effective solidarity. The country supports European integration of the Western Balkans. The study is based on documents, mainly of the Visegrád Group, and materials from the media.
Comparative Analysis of National Approaches to Military Capability Planning
Authors: Petras Zdenek 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
National defence planning processes are often compared with the NATO Defence Planning Process (NDPP). Taking into account that NDPP needs commonly agreed criteria to evaluate military capabilities of the different nations, and given the significant effort invested in performance measurement by several nations, it would be beneficial to examine how respective nations are currently assessing their performance within the capability-based planning process, with a view to establishing potential common measures that would benefit individual nations while addressing the needs of NATO at the same time. The principles which the NDPP is based on are referred to in some of national defence strategic documents, although there is no explicitly statement that the national defence planning process should be tailored in the same way as it is the case of the NDPP. In order to find an answer to the above mentioned issue and identify common practices and lessons to support capability planning within nations and NATO an analysis was carried out with the objective of identifying to which extent national planning processes of respective nations correlate with principles of NDPP as well as with principles of the EU capability development.
Leadership in the Process of Command and Control, Place and Role of Commander-Manager
Authors: Podhorec Milan , Hriník Pavel , Lakoš Gustav 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The paper clarifies the place and role of a commander as a manager in the process of command and control. It explained the concept of the competences model that the commander should possess. The authors define the basic requirements for the capabilities of all military professionals. The paper focused on the commander manager s ability to actively and creatively adapt to changing environment as well as on the ability to regulate negative psychological impacts. Emphasis is placed also on the ability to make decisions in uncertainty and on the ability to regulate commander’s internal and external activity due to the current situation.
Some Considerations on SEEDRO (South Eastern Europe Disaster Relief Operations) Concept
Authors: Popa Ioan-Dan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
SEEDRO (South Eastern Europe Disaster Relief Operations) Concept was approved on 21st October 2009 during SEDM Ministerial Meeting in Sofia and open the way for SEEBRIG to be engaged not only in PSOs (Peace Support Operations) but also in DROs (Disaster Relief Operations). In this paper, I present some considerations about the importance of this concept for SEEBRIG (South Eastern Europe Brigade), the main activities developed related to this concept and what should be the way ahead in the evolution SEEDRO Concept
Principles and Their Significance in Military Art
Authors: Spišák Ján 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper focuses on the issue of military principles in terms of their meaning and significance for the personnel applying the military art. The author argues that principles are important factors that influence the planning and conduct of wars; some of them exist since antiquity but their application may differ according to the environment and specific circumstances. More than a focused discussion about each of the principle the author reveals approaches to their application in military thinking as well as their value for the military operations planning process.
Non-Military Intervention Through Sanctions
Authors: Stoilova Veronika 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Humanitarian intervention has been perceived as one of the most debatable points between diplomats, jurists and scientists for a long time. It is also a very complex and multifaceted issue, which incorporates a number of ethical, international and military aspects. At the present time the topic of humanitarian intervention is seen primarily in terms of the application of military forces in order to achieve a specific aim, which may only in certain cases be humanitarian. However, the relevant nonmilitary intervention, expressed in a variety of sanctions, should also be considered.
The Relation Cultural Awareness – Tactical Multinational Military Structures’ Effectiveness
Authors: Tudorache Paul , Ispas Lucian 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Addressing the problem of tactical multinational military structures’ effectiveness is not new, this becoming an important concern of military specialists once with the participation of national contingents to different multinational missions. Today, recent hybrid threats generate the necessity for it to be analyzed and stressed more, because the interoperability level of NATO’s multinational military structures must ensure a common, timely, coordinated and effective response. The analyses of multinational military structures’ effectiveness from the perspective of cultural diversity have highlighted not only the positive aspects but also the negative ones. Lessons learned from numerous multinational military operations have demonstrated the fact that the reduction and elimination of negative manifestations of cultural diversity, both in static military structures (multinational commandment) and multinational maneuver structures depend largely on the cultural awareness’ level of military personnel. In this regard, the proper understanding of cultural awareness’ concept and its role in achieving the effectiveness of tactical multinational military structures and also the definition of the relationship between these two variables become significant milestones that will be addressed in this article
Aspects of the Management of Negotiating Class II Material Resources for the Bulgarian Armed Forces Under the Conditions of Resource Limitations
Authors: Dimitrova Sevdalina , Shopova Donika 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In an environment of rapid change, accompanied by unpredictable risks and permanent deficit, logistic support authorities are facing many challenges. The wide scope of logistic support necessitates a differentiated management approach to the specific areas of integrated logistics. Since the units are often faced with the need for quick action on the deployment of forces with the necessary equipment at the right time and at the right place, aiming at the same time to achieve mobility, initiative, simplicity, responsibility and flexibility of management of material resources in the search for effective approaches towards that, our scientific interests are focused on the management of negotiating class II material resources in compliance with the dependency “cost-effects.”
Applied Research on Strategic Management of SMEs in Romania in the Digital Age
Authors: Popescu Dan , State Cristina , Toanca Livia , Pavel Ioana 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Technological social and cultural changes generated by the digital age have a significant impact on both individual and society as a whole [1]. Is the context in which our research aimed at revealing the extent to which SMEs in our country are prepared to cope with these changes and can adapt to an environment increasingly turbulent and unpredictable [2]. Based on the three hypotheses of our scientific approach, the method used was the quota for proportional distribution by counties, respectively the optimal-layered model for the distribution by fields of activity. As a means of investigation we used a questionnaire with 26 questions answered by 598 SMEs, the purpose being represented by identifying, on the one hand, the used methods of strategic management and, on the other hand, the uptake of digital means by them. The responses from the distribution of the questionnaire were analyzed by various statistical and econometric methods. In a first stage we used descriptive statistics to identify peculiarities of respondents to compare different homogeneous groups. In the second stage of analysis to determine statistical deductive conclusions, we used the analysis of variance, correlation and linear regression and ANOVA using SPSS software for Windows 16.0. Following validation of the research hypotheses, in the end of the work we formulated a series of proposals to improve the strategic management of SMEs in Romania in the digital age.