bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refined Shacham–Waters ring signature scheme in Seo–Cheon framework
Authors: Laxman Das M. Prem , Rangasamy Jothi , Kabaleeshwaran R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractComposite order bilinear groups have some elegant structural characteristics that are useful in constructing advanced cryptographic schemes. However, they are computationally less efficient than their prime order counterparts thereby making them impractical. Thus, instantiating cryptographic schemes based on composite order bilinear groups in prime order setting while preserving all the structural properties has become an attractive area of research. Freeman identified two main properties, namely, projecting and cancelling that are useful in such conversions. Seo and Cheon constructed an asymmetric bilinear‐group generator that is both projecting and cancelling in the prime order setting. Nonetheless, for this special generator, they could not find any useful cryptographic application.In this work, we instantiate Shacham–Waters ring signature scheme in the prime order setting. We emphasize that the converted scheme is instantiated in asymmetric setting. It is both elegant and efficient. Interestingly, with this conversion, we present the first cryptographic scheme based on the Seo–Cheon asymmetric bilinear‐group generator. We also observe that the Seo–Cheon definition of translating needs to be more specific, otherwise computational Deffie–Hellman problem becomes easy in general. We comment on standard ways for making the converted scheme more efficient in terms of computation and signature length. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virus‐derived small RNAs: molecular footprints of host–pathogen interactions
Authors: Aguiar Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha , Olmo Roenick Proveti , Marques João Trindade 
Published: May 2016

Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites that require the host machinery to replicate. During their replication cycle, viral RNA intermediates can be recognized and degraded by different antiviral mechanisms that include RNA decay, RNA interference, and RNase L pathways. As a consequence of viral RNA degradation, infected cells can accumulate virus‐derived small RNAs at high levels compared to cellular molecules. These small RNAs are imprinted with molecular characteristics that reflect their origin. First, small RNAs can be used to reconstruct viral sequences and identify the virus from which they originated. Second, other molecular features of small RNAs such as size, polarity, and base preferences depend on the type of viral substrate and host mechanism of degradation. Thus, the pattern of small RNAs generated in infected cells can be used as a molecular footprint to identify and characterize viruses independent on sequence homology searches against known references. Hence, sequencing of small RNAs obtained from infected cells enables virus discovery and characterization using both sequence‐dependent strategies and novel pattern‐based approaches. Recent studies are helping unlock the full application of small RNA sequencing for virus discovery and characterization. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:824–837. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1361This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses In Vitro and In Silico
“Dual disorder with drugs”: Comparison of two French databases
Authors: Batisse A. , Taright N. , Chevallier C. , Marillier M. , Djezzar S. 
Published: May 2016

ContextDual diagnosis (substance used disorders (SUD) and mental illness) represents 3% of general population. Among United States population, 42.3% of SUD patients have psychiatric troubles (without tobacco). Moreover, SUD can concern all psychoactive substances (PAS) or illicit PAS only named “dual disorder with drugs” (DDD).MethodsA quantitative analysis of DDD data from January 2013 to July 2014 of two epidemiological tools has been performed: PMSI database (Programme Médicalisé des Systeme d’Information) hospital discharge data is made up of data providing medical information for all patients discharged in Paris public hospital system (AP–HP) and NOT'S is a vigilance database of spontaneous NOTifications of drug abuse and dependence. We propose a descriptive analysis of DDD in Paris metropolitan area.ResultsWith PMSI, 9.2% of SUD inpatients (n = 617) have DDD, with mean age of 46 years (62% of men). In comparison, NOT'S reports 36% of SUD with DDD (n = 302) with mean age of 39.5 years (68% of men). Suicide attempt is also listed and reach 23% of cases.ConclusionThese two databases (Fig. 1) show the difficulty of DDD diagnosis with the discordance in results. DDD miss in PMSI database since addictovigilance database shows a first prevalence of DDD. Despite the high rates of DDD, the problem is often under diagnosed by clinicians practising. It is also important to promote the collaboration among health care workers (addictologist and psychiatrist) because these patients require intensive mental and substance abuse care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Analysis of genetic polymorphisms, adverse drug reactions and targeted treatment
Authors: Stella E. , La Montagna M. , Seripa D. , Giuseppe M. , di Mauro L. , Greco A. , Rinaldi A. , Martone M.S. , Bellomo A. , Lozupone M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionBipolar disorders (BD) are chronic and recurrent psychopathological conditions characterized by therapeutic failures (TFs), regardless of the initial choice of psychiatric medication with a high prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Cytochrome P450(CYP)2D6 genetics has been recently suggested to have a role in the response to treatment and extra-pyramidal symptoms (EPS) across several psychiatric conditions.ObjectivesTo evaluate interindividual differences in CYP2D6 enzyme activities, TFs and ADRs rates in BDs patients.AimsTo tailor psychiatric medication choice and dose based on pharmacogenetic test.MethodsWe analyzed 16 clinical relevant polymorphisms CYP2D6 genotype in Psychiatric Unit of Foggia using the InfinitiTM Analyzer; the Simpson Angus Scale (SAS) was used to measure drug-induced EPS and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-24 (BPRS-24) response to treatment.ResultsTen drug-resistant patients were consecutively enrolled, and six of these experience major ADR during therapy with worsening of symptoms before screening for CYP polymorphism: BM (*2A/*5 genotype, BPRS-24 T0: 63, T14: 51), SR (*2A/*4, BPRS-24 T0: 66, T14: 59), LT (*4/*17 BPRS-24 T0: 72, T14: 64), DC (*2A/*4A BPRS-24 T0: 69, T14: 54), AL (*2A/*2A, BPRS-24 T0: 72, T14: 64), PA (*2A/*2A BPRS-24 T0: 52, T14: 46).ConclusionsAccording to the specific CYP2D6 polymorphism, we personalized patients’ treatment considering that poor and extensive metabolizers have different rates of ADR and responses to treatment. CYP2D6 genotype's knowledge is useful for the reduction of therapeutic attempt during patient clinical history, thus reducing admission time and costs, and to guide clinicians toward a better patient management.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sex differences in depressive symptomatology in patients with chronic hepatitis C during pegylated interferon alpha therapy: A 72-week prospective study
Authors: Pavlovic Z. , Jasovic-Gasic M. , Delic D. , Maric N. , Vukovic O. , Pejovic S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionTreatment with pegylated interferon alpha (PEG-IFN-α) is associated with depression more frequently in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients than with other inflammatory diseases.ObjectivesTo prospectively asses sex differences in the prevalence of depression in CHC patients during the PEG-IFN-α, as well as in the CHC group with no therapy.MethodsSample consisted of 103 subjects with CHC on the PEG-IFN-α and 103 subjects with CHC without interferon therapy. The diagnosis of depressive disorder was established by using Structured Clinical Interview and Criteria of International Classification Disorder. The severity of depression was assessed by using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD ≥ 8) prior to PEG-IFN-α (baseline) and at the follow-up visits (4th, 12th, 24th, 48th, 72nd week).ResultsDuring the course of PEG-IFN-α, 49.5% of subjects showed depressive symptomatology (HAMD ≥ 8). Except at baseline and in the 72nd week, on the all other follow-up visits the prevalence of depression was significantly higher in female subjects (*all Ps < 0.05). The strongest difference was observed in the 12th week: of all the subjects with HAMD ≥ 8, 68.8% were female and 32.7% were male (P < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression model showed that female sex is a very strong predictor for the development of depression during the interferon treatment [Exp (B) = 6.729]. There were no significant sex differences in the prevalence of depression in the control group.ConclusionsOur study (the longest study in this area) indicate that the prevalence of depression is significantly higher in female subjects with CHC during antiviral treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Gender and age differences in eating and drinking risk behaviors in Italian high school students
Authors: Deiana V. , Sanna L. , Milia P. , Pinna F. , Puddu L. , Fatteri F. , Lostia di Santa Sofia S. , Ghiani A. , Lai A. , Medda F. , Atzeni M.G. , Manca D. , Arzedi C. , Carpiniello B. 
Published: May 2016

Drunkorexia, limiting food intake before alcohol consumption, increases teenagers and young adults’ risk for negative alcohol-related health consequences.The purpose of the present study is to explore gender and age differences regarding weight management behaviors and alcohol consumption among 3004 students aged 13 to 24 years.The following questionnaires were administered: Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS).EDI-3 showed that 11.3% of the sample met the threshold on the “Drive for Thinness” (DT) scale, 28.9% on the “Bulimia” (B) scale, 17.2% on the “Body Dissatisfaction” (BD) scale. Females presented a higher risk at DT, B and BD scales (P < 0.001), and the risk of bulimia was higher in those aged ≤ 16 years (P = 0.028). AUDIT revealed a greater clinical risk of alcohol-related problems in males (P < 0.001) and in those aged > 16 years (P < 0.001). Drunkorexia was found in 44% of the sample, without significant difference in relation to gender and age.Girls and younger students have more weight concerns, while boys and older students are at greater risk of alcohol use disorders. Therefore, no specific group should be considered risk-free with respect to drunkorexia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The prevalence and correlates of haematological abnormalities in adult inpatients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Hopkins C. , Bruno A. , Jenkins P. , Ayton A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThere is only limited literature concerning haematological abnormalities in anorexia nervosa (AN), with little past investigation into these abnormalities in adult AN patients admitted to inpatient eating disorder (ED) units.ObjectivesThis study sought to determine the prevalence and severity of haematological abnormalities in admitted AN patients, and to examine correlates of these abnormalities.MethodsAll adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of AN admitted to the Cotswold House specialist ED inpatient unit between November 2013 and December 2014 were included in the study. Demographic, anthropometric and haematological parameters were systematically recorded for the duration of each admission. The proportions of patients affected by haematological abnormalities (anaemia, leucocytopaenia, neutropaenia, thrombocytopaenia and pancytopaenia) were selected as primary outcomes, and binary logistic regression was performed using SPSS 22.0.ResultsA total of 37 AN patients (91.9% female; mean age: 29.7 years) were included in this study, with a mean admission BMI of 13.7 kg/m2 (SD: 1.8) and a mean admission duration of 128 days; 54.1% of patients were anaemic, 64.9% of patients experienced leucocytopaenia, 56.8% of patients developed neutropaenia, 16.2% of patients suffered thrombocytopaenia, and 8.1% of patients were pancytopaenic. Logistic regression identified low admission BMI (P = 0.009) and low serum albumin level (P = 0.017) as significant correlates of anaemia, and isolated increased age (P = 0.034) as a significant associate of leucocytopaenia.ConclusionsHaematological abnormalities occur frequently in AN inpatients. Given the frequency at which abnormalities occurred in this cohort, further large-scale and prospective studies examining haematological abnormalities in inpatient AN populations are warranted.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Potential blood gene expression markers for postpartum psychosis
Authors: Fuste M. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundPostpartum psychosis (PP) is the most severe psychiatric disorder associated with childbirth. Previous evidence has shown gene expression alterations in immune profile in women with PP when compared with healthy postpartum women. However, no study has ever evaluated women at risk who do not develop the disorder.We conducted an exploratory analysis of a gene expression profile that could distinguish women with PP episode (PPE) from women at risk who do not develop PP (NPPE) after delivery.MethodsThe sample was characterised by 24 women at risk of PP of which n = 12 with PPE and n = 12 with NPPE and 21 healthy women in the same postpartum period. Following Microarray analysis, we assessed gene expression signature across the 3 groups using ANOVA. We then studied Pathway analysis of genes differently expressed in PPE and PPE exploring canonical pathways and upstream regulators using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software.ResultsFollowing an exploratory gene expression analysis we identified 719 genes that are differently expressed across PPE and NPPE. The PPE presented upregulation of several genes involved in the inflammatory pathway and increased gene expression levels of GRIA4, AKT3, SP4 and NRG1 genes, which have been previously described in psychotic disorders. Moreover, 5 differently expressed canonical pathways were identified including ones relevant to development, mitochondrial formation and immune system.ConclusionThese preliminary results reveal the presence of an immuno-neuro-endocrine dysregulation in postpartum psychosis, with an upregulation of the immune system specific to those women at risk who actually develop postpartum psychosis episodes.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Association between physical frailty and cognition in late-life depression
Authors: Arts M. , Collard R. , Comijs H. , Zuidersma M. , de Rooij S. , Naarding P. , Oude Voshaar R. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCognitive frailty has recently been defined as the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment. Late-life depression is associated with both physical frailty and cognitive impairment, especially processing speed and executive functioning.Aim and objectivesIn this study, we investigated the association between physical frailty and cognitive functioning in depressed older persons.MethodsIn a total of 378 patients (> 60 years) with depression according to DSM-IV criteria and a MMSE score of 24 points or higher, the physical frailty phenotype as well as its individual criteria (weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, slowness, low activity) was studied. Cognitive functioning was examined in 4 domains: verbal memory, working memory, interference control, and processing speed.ResultsOf the 378 depressed patients (range 60–90 years; 66.1% women), 61 were classified as robust (no frailty criteria present), 214 as prefrail (1 or 2 frailty criteria present), and 103 as frail (> 3 criteria). Linear regression analyses, adjusted for confounders, showed that the severity of physical frailty was associated with poorer verbal memory, slower processing speed, and decreased working memory, but not with changes in interference control.ConclusionIn late-life depression, physical frailty is associated with poorer cognitive functioning, although not consistently for executive functioning. Future studies should examine whether cognitive impairment in the presence of physical frailty belongs to cognitive frailty and is indeed an important concept to identify a specific subgroup of depressed older patients, who need multimodal treatment strategies integrating physical, cognitive, and psychological functioning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Diuretic medication use reduces incident dementia risk: A meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Tully P. , Hanon O. , Cosh S. , Tzourio C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionNumerous observational studies suggest that blood pressure management with antihypertensive drugs may be effective in reducing dementia risk.ObjectiveTo quantify dementia risk in relation to diuretic medication use.MethodsElectronic databases were searched until June 2015. Eligibility criteria: population, adults without dementia at baseline from primary care, community cohort, residential/institutionalized or randomized controlled trial (RCT); exposure, diuretic medication; comparison, no diuretic medication, other or no antihypertensive medication, placebo-control; outcome, incident dementia in accordance with standardized criteria. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled in fixed-effects models with RevMan 5.3. The overall quality and strength of evidence was rated with GRADE criteria.ResultsFifteen articles were eligible comprising a pooled sample of 52,599 persons and 3444 incident dementia cases (median age 76.1 years, 40% male) with a median follow-up of 6.1 years. Diuretic use was associated with 17% reduction in dementia risk (HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.90) and a 21% reduction in Alzheimer's disease risk (HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.93). GRADE was rated as moderate. Risk estimates were consistent comparing monotherapy versus combination therapy, study design and follow-up. Meta-regression did not suggest that age, gender, systolic blood pressure, attrition, mortality rate, education, cognitive function, stroke, Apolipoprotein E allele, heart failure or diabetes altered the primary results.ConclusionsDiuretic medication was associated with a consistent reduction in dementia and Alzheimer's disease risk and the absence of heterogeneity points to the generalizability of these findings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Association between drug-induced hyperprolactinemia related adverse events on women schizophrenia patients with DRD2 Taq1 polymorphism
Authors: Moon J.J. , An J.M. , Shim J.C. , Jung D.U. , Kong B.G. , Kang J.W. , Jeon D.W. , Kim H.S. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo observe the association between adverse effects of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs in female schizophrenic patients and dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6, estrogen receptor-α gene (ESR1).MethodThe subjects were 89 female schizophrenic patients (age range from 18 to 40) who had been taking the same medication for more than 3 months. The adverse effects with regard to hyperprolactinemia were studied through the blood collection at one point of the subjects. Furthermore, the effect of DRD2, CYP2D6, ESR1 on serum prolactin level and amenorrhea was analyzed.ResultsThere was a lower concentration of E2 in patients with amenorrhea. In addition, an inverse correlation was found between prolactin level and E2 level. Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) was commonly found in patients who had been using risperidone, amisulpride and paliperidone; in contrast, HPRL was found less in those who had been taking aripiprazole, olanzapine, ziprasidone, clozapine and quetiapine. Moreover, female schizophrenic patients who had DRD2 Taq1 A1 allele had twice the chance of developing amenorrhea than those who did not have A1 allele. Female schizophrenic patients who had Taq1 A1 allele also had 48% higher concentration level of prolactin than those who did not have A1 allele. There was no association found between prolactin and CYP2D6 or ESR1.ConclusionFemale schizophrenic patients who had DRD2 Taq1 A1 allele showed high prolactin level and high-frequency of HPRL. Therefore, reducing the use of prolactin-elevating antipsychotics for female schizophrenic patients with DRD2 Taq1 A1 allele would be one method minimizing the adverse effects of drug-induced hyperprolactinemia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Electrophysiological mechanisms underlying ERP amplitude reduction in patients with schizophrenia: A time-frequency analysis
Authors: Marasco D.D. , Vignapiano A. , Di Lorenzo G. , Mucci A. , Altamura M. , Petito A. , Caroprese M. , Niolu C. , Bellomo A. , Galderisi S. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundIt is hypothesized that the event-related potentials are generated by different electrophysiological mechanisms, i.e., event-related power increase and enhanced degree of phase-locking over trial. The study aimed to characterize the relative contribution of these mechanisms to the ERP in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ).Materials and methodsOne hundred and fifteen chronic stabilized SCZ and 62 healthy controls (HC) recruited to the study of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses were included. Scalp potentials were recorded during a standard auditory oddball task. Stimulus-locked segments were extracted for all standard trials and correctly hit target trials. Trials contaminated by other artifacts were rejected. For each subject and stimulus type the event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) and the inter-trial-coherence (ITC) were computed to assess event-related power increase and inter-trial phase-locking. The two groups were compared using Student's t-test followed by Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.ResultsSCZ presented a reduced amplitude of both N100 and P3b. For both standard and target stimuli, at Cz and Pz, ERSP was reduced in SCZ in the delta-theta band (from 0 up to 400 ms). The ITC index, at the same channels, was reduced in SCZ in the delta band for standard stimuli (from 0 to 300 ms), and in both delta and theta bands for target stimuli (from 300 to 400 ms).ConclusionsOur results indicate that alterations of both mechanisms are involved in N100 and P3b amplitude reduction observed in SCZ. Inter-trial phase-locking abnormalities for N100 were limited to the delta band, while for P3b involved delta and theta frequencies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.