bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ceres interaction with the solar wind
Authors: Lindkvist Jesper , Holmström Mats , Fatemi Shahab , Wieser Martin , Barabash Stas 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe solar wind interaction with Ceres is studied for a high water vapor release from its surface using a hybrid model including photoionization. We use a water vapor production rate of 6 kg/s, thought to be due to subsurface sublimation, corresponding to a detection on 6 March 2013 by the Herschel Space Observatory. We present the general morphology of the plasma interactions, both close to Ceres and on a larger scale. Mass loading of water ions causes a magnetic pileup region in front of Ceres, where the solar wind deflects up to 15° and slows down by 15%. The global plasma interaction with Ceres is not greatly affected by the source location of water vapor nor on gravity, only on the production rate of water vapor. On a global scale, Ceres has a comet‐like interaction with the solar wind with observable perturbations farther than 250 Ceres radii downstream of the body.
Comparative Effectiveness of Mycophenolate Mofetil for the Treatment of Juvenile‐Onset Proliferative Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Tian Simon Y. , Silverman Earl D. , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Brown Patrick E. , Beyene Joseph , Feldman Brian M. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveAlthough juvenile‐onset proliferative lupus nephritis (PLN) leads to significant morbidity and mortality, there is no clinical trials–based evidence to support the treatment effectiveness of any therapy for juvenile‐onset PLN. Marginal structural models enable us to estimate treatment effectiveness using observational data while accounting for confounding by indication.MethodsWe used prospectively collected data to examine the effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), compared to the use of other therapies, on the long‐term outcome of a juvenile‐onset PLN cohort (age at PLN onset <18 years). The major outcome variable was the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the revised Schwartz formula. Confounding by indication was corrected for marginal structural model.ResultsA total of 172 subjects with juvenile‐onset PLN, with a mean followup duration of approximately 4 years, were included. Overall, MMF was superior to other therapies, with a relative effect estimate for MMF of 1.06, i.e., 6% better estimated GFR on average (95% confidence interval 0.7, 11.3), corrected for potential confounding by indication. We found that beginning in year 4 there was a significant improvement in estimated GFR in the patients who were treated with MMF versus other therapies. This improvement was maintained until the end of the study.ConclusionMMF was more beneficial than other therapies in improving/maintaining long‐term renal function in patients with juvenile‐onset PLN up to a maximum followup of 7 years. This finding is consistent with evidence from adult PLN clinical trials.
Segmented sleep in a nonelectric, small‐scale agricultural society in Madagascar
Authors: Samson David R. , Manus Melissa B. , Krystal Andrew D. , Fakir Efe , Yu James J. , Nunn Charles L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesWe studied sleep in a rural population in Madagascar to (i) characterize sleep in an equatorial small‐scale agricultural population without electricity, (ii) assess whether sleep is linked to noise levels in a dense population, and (iii) examine the effects of experimentally introduced artificial light on sleep timing.MethodsUsing actigraphy, sleep–wake patterns were analyzed for both daytime napping and nighttime wakefulness in 21 participants for a sum total of 292 days. Functional linear modeling was used to characterize 24‐h time‐averaged circadian patterns and to investigate the effect of experimentally introduced mobile field lights on sleep timing. We also obtained the first polysomnography (PSG) recordings of sleep in a traditional population.ResultsIn every measure of sleep duration and quality, the Malagasy population experienced shorter and lower quality sleep when compared to similarly measured postindustrial values. The population slept for a total of 6.5 h per night and napped during 89% of recorded days. We observed a peak in activity after midnight for both sexes on 49% of nights, consistent with segmented sleep. Access to mobile field lights had no statistical effect on nighttime sleep timing. From PSG, we documented relatively short rapid eye movement (14%), poor sleep efficiency (66%), and high wake after sleep onset (162 min).ConclusionsSleep in this population is segmented, similar to the “first” sleep and “second” sleep reported in the historical record. Moreover, although average sleep duration and quality were lower than documented in Western populations, circadian rhythms were more stable across days.
Utility of intraoperative frozen sections in surgical decision making for acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis
Authors: Papagiannopoulos Peter , Lin Diana Murro , Al‐Khudari Samer , Rajan Kumar , Reddy Swathi , Gattuso Paulo , Tajudeen Bobby , Batra Pete S. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundAcute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) represents a fulminant, potentially fatal, disease process in immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis often rests on high index of clinical suspicion, with relative paucity of data on the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of intraoperative frozen sections.MethodsRetrospective review was performed for 18 cases undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for AIFRS. Reliability of intraoperative frozen section diagnosis was evaluated for all patients using final pathology as the gold standard.ResultsA total of 66 frozen sections were performed. Diagnostic accuracy of frozen sections illustrated sensitivity of 72.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 0.85), specificity of 100% (95% CI, 0.85 to 1.00), positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.00), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 64.7% (95% CI, 0.46 to 0.80). There was no statistically significant difference in sensitivity of frozen sections in cases of Mucor and Aspergillus at 68.8%% and 76.2%, respectively (p = 0.61).ConclusionThis study represents the largest series assessing the diagnostic accuracy of frozen section analysis in AIFRS. Frozen section analysis is an effective tool for guiding intraoperative decision making in patients with AIFRS with a high PPV. A Low NPV underscores the importance of clinical suspicion and intraoperative decision making based on endoscopic findings when negative frozen section results are encountered. Further, frozen section analysis appears to be equally effective in detecting either Mucor or Aspergillus.
Macroscopic and microscopic thermal equilibrium
Authors: Goldstein Sheldon , Huse David A. , Lebowitz Joel L. , Tumulka Roderich 
Published: February 2017

We study the nature of and approach to thermal equilibrium in isolated quantum systems. An individual isolated macroscopic quantum system in a pure or mixed state is regarded as being in thermal equilibrium if all macroscopic observables assume rather sharply the values obtained from thermodynamics. Of such a system (or state) we say that it is in macroscopic thermal equilibrium (MATE). A stronger requirement than MATE is that even microscopic observables (i.e., ones referring to a small subsystem) have a probability distribution in agreement with that obtained from the micro‐canonical, or equivalently the canonical, ensemble for the whole system. Of such a system we say that it is in microscopic thermal equilibrium (MITE). The distinction between MITE and MATE is particularly relevant for systems with many‐body localization (MBL) for which the energy eigenfuctions fail to be in MITE while necessarily most of them, but not all, are in MATE. However, if we consider superpositions of energy eigenfunctions (i.e., typical wave functions ψ) in an energy shell, then for generic macroscopic systems, including those with MBL, most ψ are in both MATE and MITE. We explore here the properties of MATE and MITE and compare the two notions, thereby elaborating on ideas introduced in .
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Ein naphthoverschmolzenes Doppel‐[7]Helicen aus einem maleatverbrückten Chrysentrimer
Authors: Ferreira Marli , Naulet Guillaume , Gallardo Hugo , Dechambenoit Pierre , Bock Harald , Durola Fabien 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPerkin‐Kondensation von Chrysenyl‐6‐essigsäure mit Chrysenylen‐6,12‐diglyoxylsäure gefolgt von In‐situ‐Veresterung ergibt ein Bismaleat, dessen konjugierte Stilbeneinheiten gut gegen intermolekulare Kondensationen abgeschirmt sind und mit Licht in Toluol iodkatalysiert oxidativ cyclisieren, ohne hohe Verdünnung zu benötigen. Die Konzentration ist durch die mäßige Löslichkeit des Bismaleats bei Raumtemperatur begrenzt. Das so erhaltene Doppel‐[7]Helicen kristallisiert in der nichtchiralen Mesoform. Es ist löslicher als seine flexible Vorstufe, da es sich nicht falten kann, um seine Arenblöcke zu stapeln.
Manganese‐Catalyzed C−H Alkynylation: Expedient Peptide Synthesis and Modification
Authors: Ruan Zhixiong , Sauermann Nicolas , Manoni Elisabetta , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: February 2017

AbstractManganese(I)‐catalyzed C−H alkynylations with organic halides occurred with unparalleled substrate scope, and thus enabled step‐economical C−H functionalizations with silyl, aryl, alkenyl, and alkyl haloalkynes. The versatility of the manganese(I) catalysis manifold enabled C−H couplings with haloalkynes featuring, among others, fluorescent labels, steroids, and amino acids, thereby setting the stage for peptide ligation as well as the efficient molecular assembly of acyclic and cyclic peptides. A plausible catalytic cycle was proposed.
Morphometry and Variability of the Brain Arterial Circle in Chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger, Molina)
Authors: Kuchinka Jacek 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTArterial circles of brains from 70 adult chinchillas were filled with synthetic latex. The arterial circle of the brain is formed as the result of vertebral arteries being merged into the basilar artery. Caudally, both vertebral arteries gave rise to the ventral spinal artery. The ventral spinal artery splits into tiny cerebellar vessels, the pontine and cochlear branches. Distally, the basilar artery ramified into two terminal branches that formed the arterial circle of brain, rostrally open in most cases (75%). The observed variability of the arterial circle of brain of chinchillas pertained to all elements of that circle. The greatest variability within the vessels of the circle of Willis in chinchillas was observed in 22 cases (31.4%) of internal ophthalmic arteries. In chinchillas, a trend toward slight variability within the arteries comprising the arterial circle of the brain was observed in 44 animals. This accounted for 62.8% of all cases. Only in three cases was the arterial circle of brain clearly symmetrical. At the same time, 23 animals (32.8%) revealed features of significant vascular variability within the brain base region. These consisted of disturbed geometry of the entire arterial circle, different levels of ramifications into individual arteries, as well as the number and diameter of arteries. No internal carotid arteries were observed in chinchillas apart from one atypical case in which the carotid artery extended unilaterally into the basilar artery. These investigations indicate on the significant variability of arterial circle in rodents. Anat Rec, 300:1472–1480, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced photoluminescence of the Ca0.8Zn0.2TiO3:0.05% Pr3+ phosphor by optimized hydrothermal conditions
Authors: Xia Mao , Wang Guanhua , Gu Zhiqiang , Qiu Zhongxian , Rong Chunying , Zhang Jilin , Zhou Wenli , Yu Liping , Lian Shixun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe red‐emitting phosphor Ca0.8Zn0.2TiO3:Pr3+ was synthesized using an ethylene glycol (EG)‐assisted hydrothermal method. The effects of additional amounts of and order of adding EG, plus hydrothermal temperature, time, and pH on the composition, morphology and optical properties of the titanate phosphors were studied. The crystalline phases of the titanate phosphors were confirmed to be constituted of a series of co‐existing CaTiO3, Zn2TiO4 and Ca2Zn4Ti16O38 compounds in various proportions that were visualized using an X‐ray diffractometer (XRD). The optical properties of the phosphors were studied using photoluminescence spectra and UV–visible spectroscopy. The results show that the impurities Zn2TiO4:Pr3+ and Ca2Zn4Ti16O38:Pr3+ significantly contributed to the enhancement of an absorption band around 380 nm. The optimum Ca0.8Zn0.2TiO3:Pr3+ phosphor consisting of appropriate amounts of CaTiO3, Ca2Zn4Ti16O38 and Zn2TiO4 in three phases was achieved by controlling the hydrothermal conditions, and the obtained red phosphor exhibited the highest red emission (1D2 → 3H4 transition of Pr3+) with an ideal chromaticity coordinate located at (x = 0.667, y = 0.332) under 380 nm excitation.
The software engineering of a three‐tier web‐based student information system (MyGJU)
Authors: Al‐Hawari Feras , Alufeishat Anoud , Alshawabkeh Mai , Barham Hala , Habahbeh Mohammad 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses how the software development team at the German Jordanian University (GJU) adopted the project management and software development processes in the ISO/IEC 29110 series to implement a complex Student Information System (SIS). Specifically, it identifies the key points to be taken into consideration in the analysis, design, implementation, testing, and deployment phases during the iterative and incremental SIS development process. The SIS is a distributed three‐tier web‐based application that enables registrars to perform various tasks such as system setup, admission, registration, grades processing, graduation, and reporting. It was launched in the first 2015/2016 semester and enabled administration to maintain a comfortable learning environment, assess instructor performance, enhance teaching practices, and improve course content. The results of the system measurements and user survey assert that the SIS is feature rich, easy to use, fast, reliable, stable, highly available, and scalable. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:242–263, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21794
Educational framework for a motor drive control systems: Design and performance assessment
Authors: Porobic Vlado , Adzic Evgenije , Vekic Marko , Grabic Stevan , Ivanovic Zoran 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIn this paper, an emulation based electrical drive laboratory for graduate and undergraduate power engineering students and practicing engineers is presented. The virtual laboratory is realized by means of Hardware‐In‐the‐Loop (HIL) system, which is increasingly recognized as an effective approach in the design of power electronics control. Control of induction motor, as the most widely used machine including main and side effects is examined. In order to perform experiments gradually, software development framework which provides modular and incremental DSP programming possibilities (from basic to advanced levels) is given. Digital controller design procedure combined with appropriate emulated power stage, and followed by experimental results is presented in detail. In addition to conventional test procedure, scripting method implemented through Application Programming Interface (API) is shown. The benefits of remote laboratory approach is described in the case of collaboration of multiple teams. The proposed approach can be used as additional or completely self‐contained tool for research and education of electrical drive control. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:264–276, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21795
Population Balance Equation of Cohesive Particle Flow in a Circulating Fluidized Bed
Authors: Sun Liyan , Luo Kun , Fan Jianren 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA novel model coupled with a population balance equation is adopted for simulating the aggregation process and flow behavior of cohesive powders in a full‐loop circulating fluidized bed. The agglomerate diameter is calculated according to the change of particle number by a population balance equation which is solved as a part of computational fluid dynamics simulation. The solid pressure and viscosity are redefined by taking the effect of interparticle force into consideration based on the kinetic theory of granular flow. Simulation results of time‐averaged solid volume fraction and diameter of agglomerate are predicted by a numerical method and are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. The variation of mass flux, solid pressure, and viscosity under different operating conditions are analyzed based on the proposed model.
Enhanced Electrochemical Capability of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathode Materials Coated with Fluoroborate Glass for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Qibing , Wang Lei , Zhu Chunhua , Sun Zhipeng , Cheng Wenhua , Lv Dingding , Ren Wei , Bian Liang , Xu Jinbao , Chang Aimin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM) cathode material is coated with fluoroborate glass (xLi2O‐yB2O3‐zLiF) to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion batteries. An xLi2O‐yB2O3‐zLiF layer was successfully coated onto the surface of NCM by using a solution‐phase method. The resulting materials are characterized by using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The xLi2O‐yB2O3‐zLiF‐coated NCM exhibits a superior discharge capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability than those of the uncoated material. Notably, the initial discharge capacity of bare and 2Li2O‐B2O3‐LiF‐coated NCM were 182.1 and 207.5 mAhg−1, respectively, in the voltage range from 2.5 to 4.5 V. At a rate of 5C, the discharge capacity of Li2O‐B2O3‐LiF‐coated NCM is 144.4 mAhg−1, whereas that of bare NCM is 76.7 mAhg−1. After 50 cycles at a rate of 0.2C, the capacity retentions of Li2O‐B2O3‐LiF‐, 2Li2O‐B2O3‐LiF‐, Li2O‐2B2O3‐LiF‐, and Li2O‐B2O3‐2LiF‐coated NCM are 96.8, 97.2, 95.6, and 95.2%, respectively, whereas the capacity retention of bare NCM is 81.4%. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicate that the xLi2O‐yB2O3‐zLiF coating reduces electrode polarization and decreases charge‐transfer resistance at the electrolyte–electrode interface, further improving the electrochemical activity of the NCM cathode material.
Reversible Covalent and Supramolecular Functionalization of Water‐Soluble Gold(I) Complexes
Authors: Kemper Benedict , von Gröning Maximilian , Lewe Vanessa , Spitzer Daniel , Otremba Tobias , Stergiou Natascha , Schollmeyer Dieter , Schmitt Edgar , Ravoo Bart Jan , Besenius Pol 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe ligation of gold(I) metalloamphiphiles with biomolecules is reported, using water‐soluble AuI‐N‐alkynyl substituted maleimide complexes. For this purpose, two different polar ligands were applied: 1) a neutral, dendritic tetraethylene glycol‐functionalized phosphane and 2) a charged, sulfonated N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC). The retro Diels–Alder reaction of a furan‐protected maleimide gold(I) complex, followed by cycloaddition with a diene‐functionalized biotin under mild conditions leads to a novel gold(I) metalloamphiphile. The strong streptavidin–biotin binding affinity in buffered aqueous solution of the resulting biotin alkynyl gold(I) phosphane conjugate remains intact. The cytotoxicity of the biotinylated gold(I) complex against a T47D human breast cancer cell line is higher than for cisplatin.
Determinants of the recommended phase 2 dose of molecular targeted agents
Authors: Hansen Aaron R. , Cook Natalie , Amir Eitan , Siu Lillian L. , Abdul Razak Albiruni Ryan 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDThe recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of anticancer agents is determined traditionally by dose‐limiting toxicities. Nontoxicity or biological endpoints such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy can also be used to identify RP2D, which may be relevant to molecularly targeted agents (MTAs).METHODSA systematic review identified all monotherapy phase 1 studies of MTAs in solid tumors published between 2001 and 2013. Dose, dosing schedule, and determinants of RP2D were collected from each study. A supplementary search of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website identified the licensed dose for drugs with regulatory approval. Logistic regression was used to explore predictors for the RP2D being consistent with the final approved dose.RESULTSThe search identified 4175 records, of which 250 studies evaluating 181 individual MTAs were included. Of these MTAs, 161 (64%) determined an RP2D. Fifty‐two trials (32%), used toxicity alone to specify an RP2D. The remaining trials used a nonclassical approach with either multiple endpoints that included toxicity (n = 87, 54%), multiple nontoxicity endpoints (n = 12, 7%), or a single nontoxicity endpoint (n = 10, 6%). Twenty‐nine (16%) MTAs were approved by the FDA for solid tumor indications. The use of nonclassical definitions compared with toxicity alone was significantly associated with higher likelihood of FDA approval (odds ratio, 5.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.11‐22.73; P = .036).CONCLUSIONSIn the past decade, there has been a dominance of a nonclassical approach using multiple endpoints with or without toxicity or single nontoxicity endpoints to define RPTD in MTA monotherapy phase 1 trials. Nonclassically defined RP2Ds for MTAs appear to be associated with a higher rate of FDA drug approval. Cancer 2017;123:1409–1415. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Development and validation of a new Italian short measure of disgust propensity: The Disgust Propensity Questionnaire (DPQ)
Authors: Melli Gabriele , Chiorri Carlo , Stopani Eleonora , Bulli Francesco , Carraresi Claudia 
Published: February 2017

Although a few measures of disgust propensity are available in Italy, most of them take a long time to administer and/or have not shown replicable and sound psychometric properties. In the current study, the authors developed an Italian nine‐item self‐report measure of disgust propensity (particularly of pathogen disgust)—the Disgust Propensity Questionnaire (DPQ)—to address the limitations of currently available measures. In Study 1, the DPQ was developed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses from an initial pool of 33 items that were administered to 784 nonclinical participants. The DPQ showed evidence of an adequate factorial and construct validity as well as internal consistency and temporal stability. In Study 2, additional evidence of the sound psychometric properties of the DPQ was provided by analyzing an independent sample of 315 nonclinical participants and a sample of 208 patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder. This study also showed that the DPQ can discriminate between obsessive–compulsive disorder patients with and without contamination‐related concerns, patients with anxiety disorders, and nonclinical participants.Key Practitioner Message

An Italian nine‐item self‐report disgust propensity measure was developed to address the limitations of currently available tools.
The Disgust Propensity Questionnaire (DPQ) was evaluated using two independent studies in nonclinical and clinical samples.
The DPQ showed adequate factorial and construct validity, internal consistency, and temporal stability.
It could discriminate between patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder with contamination‐related concerns and all other groups.
It is a very short and psychometrically sound measure to assess disgust propensity in Italian samples.