bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flüchtige Regenbögen einzelner Tropfen
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRegenbögen sind ein zeitabhängiges Phänomen, erzeugt von gestreutem Licht an vielen fallenden Regentropfen [1]. Jeder einzelne Tropfen trägt jeweils nur für kurze Zeit zum wahrgenommenen Phänomen bei, wenn das Licht gerade durch den entsprechenden Winkelbereich fällt. Mit einem Experiment lässt sich Lichtstreuung in fallenden Tropfen beobachten und mit einer Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera aufzeichnen.
Die smarte Lupe
Authors: Laumann Daniel , Wilhelm Thomas , Kuhn Jochen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMit Hilfe einfach konstruierter Vergrößerungsaufsätze und Kugellinsen können Smartphones als Maxilupen genutzt werden, um die Welt im Kleinen zu beobachten. Hiermit erreicht man bis zu 350‐fach vergrößerte Abbildungen.
Thermal stability of ester linkage in the presence of 1,2,3‐Triazole moiety generated by click reaction
Authors: Lee Kyu Seong , Park So Yeong , Moon Hong Chul , Kim Jin Kon 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), so‐called “click” reaction, is one of most useful synthetic strategies to connect two polymer chains. 1,2,3‐Triazole ring (TA) produced by the click reaction has good thermal and chemical stability. However, we observed that block copolymers synthesized by the click reaction showed thermal degradation to give homopolymers when they are thermally annealed at high temperature, which is required for obtaining equilibrium microdomain structure. To investigate the origin of thermal instability of block copolymers, we synthesized model polystyrenes (PSs) using systematically designed bi‐functional atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiators containing TA. PS including both ester and TA groups showed thermal decomposition at relatively low temperature (e.g., 140 °C). MALDI‐TOF analysis clearly demonstrated that the cleavage site is the ester group adjacent to TA. We also found that the bromine group located at the polymer chain end plays an important role in pyrolysis of ester groups at low temperature. The pyrolysis occurs by syn‐elimination of the ester group. This result implies that the phase behavior of block copolymer synthesized by click reaction should be carefully investigated when high temperature thermal annealing is required. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 427–436
Cloaking by π‐electrons in the infrared
Authors: Pekker Áron , Németh Gergely , Botos Ákos , Tóháti Hajnalka M. , Borondics Ferenc , Osváth Zoltán , Biró László P. , Walker Kate , Khlobystov Andrei N. , Kamarás Katalin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHybrid materials composed of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as hollow containers and small molecules as fillers possess intriguing physical and chemical properties. Infrared spectroscopy is a useful method in most cases to characterize hybrid systems; however, regardless of the type of small molecule encapsulated in the SWCNT, the IR spectrum of the hybrid system remains silent. The possible explanation involves the highly polarizable ‐electron system of the SWCNTs. Image charges induced in the SWCNT walls cancel out the transition dipole moment of the molecular vibrations resulting in the cloaking of the material inside the nanotube. To confirm the role of the delocalized ‐electron system in this process, insulating boron nitride nanotubes filled with were also investigated and found to be transparent to infrared radiation. We have also demonstrated the cloaking effect in two dimensions using a thin film of covered by single layer graphene. The significance of our results lies in the fact that the cloaking layer is a real material, not a metamaterial.
Norwegian internet voting protocol revisited: ballot box and receipt generator are allowed to collude
Authors: Kardaş Süleyman , Kiraz Mehmet Sabir , Bingöl Muhammed Ali , Birinci Fatih 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNorway experienced internet voting in 2011 and 2013 for municipal and parliamentary elections, respectively. Its security depends on the assumptions that the involving organizations are completely independent, reliable, and the receipt codes are securely sent to the voters. In this paper, we point out the following aspects:

The vote privacy of the Norwegian scheme is violated if Ballot Box and Receipt Generator cooperate because the private key of Decryption Service can be obtained by the two former players. We propose a solution to avoid this issue without adding new players.
To assure the correctness, the receipt codes are sent to the voters over a pre‐channel (postal service) and a post‐channel (Short Message Service [SMS]). However, by holding both SMS and the postal receipt code, a voter can reveal his vote even after the elections. Albeit revoting is a fairly well solution for coercion or concealment, intentional vote revealing is still a problem. We suggest SMS only for notification of vote submission.
In case the codes are falsely generated or the pre‐channel is not secure, a vote can be counted for a different candidate without detection. We propose a solution in which voters verify the integrity of the postal receipt codes.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Comparative Study of Video‐Assisted Thoracic Surgery with Thoracotomy for Middle Lobe Syndrome
Authors: Li Jian , Liu Chengwu , Zhao Yongsheng , Li Chuan , Liu Lunxu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for the treatment of middle lobe syndrome (MLS) through comparison with thoracotomy during the same period.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients with MLS who underwent lobectomy or lingular segmentectomy between December 2005 and November 2015 in a single institute. Thirty patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: VATS group (n = 19) and thoracotomy group (n = 11). Data regarding the patients’ demographics, medical history were collected and statistically compared.ResultsAll patients received successful middle lobe resection or lingular segmentectomy. In terms of operation time, blood transfusion, chest drainage amount, duration of chest drainage and postoperative complications, no significant differences were found between the two groups (p > 0.05). The mean intraoperative blood loss of VATS group was less than thoracotomy group (79.0 ± 63.9 vs. 165 ± 94.9 ml, p = 0.04). In VATS group, the mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 6.0 ± 2.4 days, shorter than that in group thoracotomy (9.0 ± 3.5 days, p = 0.01).ConclusionsVATS was a feasible and safe method for the surgical treatment of MLS in selected patients when no severe calcified lymph nodes surrounding hilus pulmonis was observed by preoperative chest CT scan.
Predicting aggression in late adolescent romantic relationships: A short‐term longitudinal study
Authors: Caiozzo Christina N. , Houston Jessica , Grych John 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThis study sought to prospectively predict aggression in the romantic relationships of 1180 college students from the United States (807 females; 373 males) over the course of two months with a set of intrapersonal risk and protective factors, including personality characteristics that rarely have been examined in this population. After accounting for prior dating aggression, perpetration of verbal aggression was predicted uniquely by aggressive attitudes, emotion regulation, and for females, narcissism. Perpetration of physical aggression was predicted by aggressive attitudes, but only at low levels of emotion regulation, and the interaction of callous‐unemotional traits, emotion regulation, and gender: males with low levels of callous‐unemotional traits perpetrated less physical aggression when they reported greater emotion regulation. These findings are among the first to show that personality traits and emotion regulation prospectively predict partner aggression in late adolescence and suggest mechanisms for continuity in interpersonal aggression from early adolescence to adulthood.
A pilot study of performance among hospitalised elderly patients on a novel test of visuospatial cognition: the letter and shape drawing (LSD) test
Authors: White D. , Williams O. A. , Leonard M. , Exton C. , Adamis D. , Hannigan A. , Cullen W. , Dunne C. P. , Meagher D. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesConventional bedside tests of visuospatial function such as the clock drawing (CDT) and intersecting pentagons tests (IPT) are subject to considerable inconsistency in their delivery and interpretation. We compared performance on a novel test – the letter and shape drawing (LSD) test – with these conventional tests in hospitalised elderly patients.MethodsThe LSD, IPT, CDT and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were performed in 40 acute elderly medical inpatients at University Hospital Limerick The correlation between these tests was examined as well as the accuracy of the visuospatial tests to identify significant cognitive impairment on the MoCA.ResultsThe patients (mean age 81.0±7.71; 21 female) had a median MoCA score of 15.5 (range=1–29). There was a strong, positive correlation between the LSD and both the CDT (r=0.56) and IPT (r=0.71). The correlation between the LSD and MoCA (r=0.91) was greater than for the CDT and IPT (both 0.67). The LSD correlated highly with all MoCA domains (ranging from 0.54 to 0.86) and especially for the domains of orientation (r=0.86), attention (0.81) and visuospatial function (r=0.73). Two or more errors on the LSD identified 90% (26/29) of those patients with MoCA scores of ⩽20, which was substantially higher than for the CDT (59%) and IPT (55%).ConclusionThe LSD is a novel test of visuospatial function that is brief, readily administered and easily interpreted. Performance correlates strongly with other tests of visuospatial ability, with favourable ability to identify patients with significant impairment of general cognition.
The advance ratio effect on the lift augmentations of an insect-like flapping wing in forward flight
Authors: Han Jong-Seob , Chang Jo Won , Han Jae-Hung 
Published: November 2016

Time-varying force/moment measurements and digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) were conducted to reveal the influence of an advance ratio$J$on an insect-like flapping wing. A scaled-up robotic model and a servo-driven towing tank were employed to investigate nine individual$J$cases –$J=0$(hovering), 0.0625, 0.1250, 0.1875, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and$\infty$(gliding motion) – at a high Reynolds number ($Re\sim 10^{4}$). At$J\leqslant 0.25$, the aerodynamic forces slightly increased from those in hover ($J=0$). The centres of pressure in these cases were concentrated in the outboard section, and the leading-edge vortices (LEVs) grew more conically than those in hover. Spanwise cross-sectional DPIV indicated that the wings generated more balanced downwashes, which effectively supported the slight lift increments in this range. At$J>0.25$, a drastic force drop appeared as$J$increased. The DPIV results in the$J=0.5$case clearly showed a strong trailing-edge vortex on the outboard trailing edges encroaching into the upper surface, which had been occupied by the LEV for lower $J$. The LEV vorticity was noticeably weakened, and coherent substructures with substantial turbulence accompanied this vorticity. In the$J=1.0$case, such encroachment was extended to 50 % of the section, and the LEV outboard became significantly irregular. The near-wake structures also showed that the$J=1.0$case had the narrowest downwash area, with unstable root and tip vortices, which reflected considerable attenuation in the lift enhancements. It was of note that all of these vortical behaviours were clearly distinguishable from aspect ratio ($AR$) effects. The$J$even played a similar role to that of the$AR$in the Navier–Stokes equation. These findings clearly indicated that the$J$could be an independent quantity governing the overall vortical system and lift enhancing mechanism on a flapping wing of a flapping-wing micro air vehicle.
Skin-friction generation by attached eddies in turbulent channel flow
Authors: de Giovanetti Matteo , Hwang Yongyun , Choi Haecheon 
Published: November 2016

Despite a growing body of recent evidence on the hierarchical organization of the self-similar energy-containing motions in the form of Townsend’s attached eddies in wall-bounded turbulent flows, their role in turbulent skin-friction generation is currently not well understood. In this paper, the contribution of each of these self-similar energy-containing motions to turbulent skin friction is explored up to $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\simeq 4000$. Three different approaches are employed to quantify the skin-friction generation by the motions, the spanwise length scale of which is smaller than a given cutoff wavelength: (i) FIK (Fukagata, Iwamoto, Kasagi) identity in combination with the spanwise wavenumber spectra of the Reynolds shear stress; (ii) confinement of the spanwise computational domain; (iii) artificial damping of the motions to be examined. The near-wall motions are found to continuously reduce their role in skin-friction generation on increasing the Reynolds number, consistent with the previous finding at low Reynolds numbers. The largest structures given in the form of very-large-scale and large-scale motions are also found to be of limited importance: due to a non-trivial scale interaction process, their complete removal yields only a 5–8 % skin-friction reduction at all of the Reynolds numbers considered, although they are found to be responsible for 20–30 % of total skin friction at $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\simeq 2000$. Application of all the three approaches consistently reveals that the largest amount of skin friction is generated by the self-similar motions populating the logarithmic region. It is further shown that the contribution of these motions to turbulent skin friction gradually increases with the Reynolds number, and that these coherent structures are eventually responsible for most of turbulent skin-friction generation at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers.
Parasites of the Brazilian flathead Percophis brasiliensis reflect West Atlantic biogeographic regions
Authors: BRAICOVICH PAOLA E. , PANTOJA CAMILA , PEREIRA ALDENICE N. , LUQUE JOSE L. , TIMI JUAN T. 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYWith the aim of evaluating the utility of marine parasites as indicators of zoogeographical regions in the South West Atlantic, we analyzed data on assemblages of long-lived larval parasites of 488 specimens of Percophis brasiliensis distributed in 11 samples from nine localities covering the entire distribution of the species in the Argentine biogeographical Province. Near half a million long-lived parasite individuals belonging to 17 species present in the whole sample displayed clear latitudinal patterns. Data for parasite assemblages at infracommunity and component community levels were analysed in relation to the geographical distance. Significant similarity decay of parasite assemblages over distance was observed, with those based on abundances and mean abundances showing departures from predicted values of regressions. These departures were represented by higher dissimilarities between samples coming from different zoogeographical regions than between those caught within the same region, independently of the distance separating them. Consequently, zoogeographical regions were identified in a distance-decay context. Multivariate analyses corroborated a close fit of similarity between assemblages to existing zoogeographical classifications. Regressions representing distance decay of similarity, and the identification of their outliers, can therefore shed light on the existence of discontinuities or uniformities in the geographic distribution of parasite assemblages and, in turn, in the zoogeography of their fish hosts.
Multi-crossing number for knots and the Kauffman bracket polynomial
Authors: ADAMS COLIN , CAPOVILLA-SEARLE ORSOLA , FREEMAN JESSE , IRVINE DANIEL , PETTI SAMANTHA , VITEK DANIEL , WEBER ASHLEY , ZHANG SICONG 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA multi-crossing (or n-crossing) is a singular point in a projection of a knot or link at which n strands cross so that each strand bisects the crossing. We generalise the classic result of Kauffman, Murasugi and Thistlethwaite relating the span of the bracket polynomial to the double-crossing number of a link, span〈K〉 ⩽ 4c2, to the n-crossing number. We find the following lower bound on the n-crossing number in terms of the span of the bracket polynomial for any n ⩾ 3:
$$\text{span} \langle K \rangle \leq \left(\left\lfloor\frac{n^2}{2}\right\rfloor + 4n - 8\right) c_n(K).$$
We also explore n-crossing additivity under composition, and find that for n ⩾ 4 there are examples of knots K1 and K2 such that cn(K1#K2) = cn(K1) + cn(K2) − 1. Further, we present the the first extensive list of calculations of n-crossing numbers of knots. Finally, we explore the monotonicity of the sequence of n-crossings of a knot, which we call the crossing spectrum.
Effect of guaianolides in the meiosis reinitiation of amphibian oocytes
Authors: Zapata-Martínez J. , Sánchez-Toranzo G. , Chaín F. , Catalán C.A.N. , Bühler M.I. 
Published: November 2016

SummarySesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are a large and structurally diverse group of plant metabolites generally found in the Asteraceae family. STLs exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities and it is generally accepted that their major mechanism of action is the alkylation of the thiol groups of biological molecules. The guaianolides is one of various groups of STLs. Anti-tumour and anti-migraine effects, an allergenic agent, an inhibitor of smooth muscle cells and of meristematic cell proliferation are only a few of the most commonly reported activities of STLs. In amphibians, fully grown ovarian oocytes are arrested at the beginning of meiosis I. Under stimulus with progesterone, this meiotic arrest is released and meiosis progresses to metaphase II, a process known as oocyte maturation. There are previous records of the inhibitory effect of dehydroleucodin (DhL), a guaianolide lactone, on the progression of meiosis. It has been also shown that DhL and its 11,13-dihydroderivative (2H-DhL; a mixture of epimers at C-11) act as blockers of the resumption of meiosis in fully grown ovarian oocytes from the amphibianRhinella arenarum(formerly classified asBufo arenarum). The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of four closely related guaianolides, i.e., DhL, achillin, desacetoxymatricarin and estafietin as possible inhibitors of meiosis in oocytes of amphibiansin vitroand discuss some structure–activity relationships. It was found that the inhibitory effect on meiosis resumption is greater when the lactone has two potentially reactive centres, either a α,β–α′,β′-diunsaturated cyclopentanone moiety or an epoxide group plus anexo-methylene-γ-lactone function.
Against object agency. A counterreaction to Sørensen's ‘Hammers and nails’
Authors: Ribeiro Artur 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper commends some ideas that Torill Christine Lindstrøm presented in this journal on the subject of ‘object agency’ (2015) and contends, against Tim Flohr Sørensen's reaction paper (2016), that object agency subsists on philosophically questionable premises. I argue that Sørensen relies on a definition of ‘agency’ which is too labile and virtually indistinguishable from ‘cause’. Moreover, certain premises that Sørensen supports lead to some contradictions with regard to social responsibility. Finally, I argue that object agency is part of a larger intellectual trend which perceives agency as a dynamic global force – and that a return to a more constrained understanding of agency would be of more benefit to archaeology.
The Relations between Prosocial Behaviors and Self-Regulation: Evidences from the Validation of the PTM-R for Portuguese Early Adolescents
Authors: Simões Francisco , Calheiros Maria Manuela 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe main goal of this study is to understand the relationship between different types of prosocial behaviors and different forms of self-regulation, as part of the adaptation and validation of the Portuguese version of the Prosocial Tendencies Measure-Revised (PTM-R). A total of 403 early adolescents (M= 11.81;SD= .92; 52.91% girls) completed self-reported measures. The evaluation of psychometric properties of the PTM-R involved a confirmatory factorial analysis, followed by the examination of factorial internal consistency and factorial invariance analyses across gender groups and school retention groups (retentionvs.no-retention). The results support the premise that a 6-factor model similar to the original measure is the most appropriate factorial solution for the PTM-R Portuguese version (χ2(174) = 1.725,p< .001, CFI = .95, RMSEA = .030, SRMR = .08). The levels of internal consistency for the different subscales ranged from .67 to .78. Further convergent and divergent validity tests reveal that different forms of prosocial behavior are more often related to girls’ cognitive, affective and behavioral regulation and that students who failed at least one school year and thus had to repeat it denote poorer relations between prosocial behaviors and self-regulation dimensions, as opposed to more successful students. In conclusion, the Portuguese version of the PTM-R has adequate psychometric properties and its use for research purposes in the field of social development may be appropriate. The discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for future research on prosociality.
Inhibition of autophagy increased AGE/ROS-mediated apoptosis in mesangial cells
Authors: Xu Li , Fan Qiuling , Wang Xu , Zhao Xue , Wang Lining 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of our study was to investigate the role of autophagy, a homeostatic process involved in the lysosomal degradation of damaged cell organelles and proteins, in regulating the survival of mesangial cells treated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In the present study, AGEs induced mitochondrial depolarization and led to mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in mesangial cells, as shown by the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential; increased Bax processing; increased Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and PARP cleavage; and decreased Bcl-2 expression. Meanwhile, AGEs also triggered autophagy flux in mesangial cells, as confirmed by the presence of autophagic vesicles, the conversion of LC3II/LC3I and the increase/decrease in Beclin-1/p62 expression. Interestingly, this study reported apparent apoptosis and autophagy that were dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Scavenging ROS with N-acetyl-l-cysteine could prevent the appearance of the autophagic features and reverse AGE-induced apoptosis. Moreover, AGE-triggered mitophagy, which was confirmed by the colocalization of autophagosomes and mitochondria and Parkin translocation to mitochondria, played a potential role in reducing ROS production in mesangial cells. Additionally, inhibition of autophagy significantly enhanced AGE-induced cell apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that ROS were the mediators of AGE-induced mesangial cell apoptosis and that autophagy was likely to be the mechanism that was triggered to repair the ROS-induced damage in the AGE-treated cells and thereby promote cell survival. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of autophagy involved in AGE-induced apoptosis in mesangial cells.