bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Losing a parent during childhood: The impact on adult romantic relationships
Authors: van Heijningen Carline J. M. , van Berkel Sheila R. , Langereis Iris , Elzinga Bernet M. , Alink Lenneke R. A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe disruption of the parent–child attachment bond due to parental death (PD) may lead to lingering feelings of unsafety or insecurity that might potentially transfer to adult intimate relationships. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether experiencing childhood parental death (CPD) was associated with adult romantic relationship formation and stability, attachment style, and relationship satisfaction, and whether this is dependent on (in)secure parental bonding. In this cross‐sectional study, relationship indicators were assessed using self‐report questionnaires in adults (25–45 years old) who experienced PD during childhood (n = 236), in adulthood (n = 301), and who did not experience PD (n = 278). Experiencing CPD was not associated with relationship formation, relationship stability indicators, and relationship satisfaction. However, individuals who experienced CPD reported higher levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance within their current romantic relationship compared to individuals who did not experience (childhood) PD. Furthermore, insecure bonding with the deceased parent was associated with higher levels of attachment anxiety, while this was not the case for the quality of bonding with the surviving parent or new partner of the surviving parent. These findings on the association between CPD and adult attachment insecurity provide new insight in how attachment insecurity to the deceased parent may be related to attachment insecurity in adult relationships, which is important to discuss when working with individuals who experienced CPD.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Convening for the ABA Commission on Youth at Risk
Authors: Smith Charisa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractYouth and families impacted by legal systems now resoundingly attest to the systems' lasting harm, echoed by interdisciplinary research. Lawyering thus requires a vastly renewed outlook, boldness, and honest inquiry about the limits of what the law and public systems can (and should) attempt as purported problem‐solving amidst broader socioeconomic forces and injustice. This report synthesizes recommendations from a groundswell of diverse, dedicated voices following an October 2023 convening hosted by the American Bar Association Commission on Youth at Risk, the ABA Center on Children and the Law, and Hofstra University's Maurice A. Deane School of Law. Entitled “Renewal and Revolution: Recommitting the Legal Profession to Serving Children and Youth, Their Families, and Communities,” the convening engaged various professionals—many with firsthand experience in foster and justice systems— and other advocates. Since the 2006 ABA Youth At Risk Initiative Planning Conference, the ABA Commission on Youth At Risk has elevated the representation and voice of youth through ethical practice standards, expanded access, and national initiatives. This report recounts findings of the 2023 convening's four working groups which met for two‐days of (often tense) discussions to chart a path for the legal profession, law, and policy for the next decade and beyond. Priorities include: transcending conceptions of youth “at risk” towards recognition of harms done, a strengths‐based lens, and lived experience leadership and expertise; cultivating next generation attorneys; prioritizing early family defense and diversion; divesting from systems and re‐investing directly with youth and families; and further eliminating racial disparities.
Outcomes of patients with Barrett's oesophagus with low‐grade dysplasia undergoing endoscopic surveillance in a tertiary centre: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vlismas Luke J. , Potter Michael , Loewenthal Mark R. , Wilson Katie , Allport Kelleigh , Gillies Donna , Cook Dane , Philcox Stephen , Bollipo Steven , Talley Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimBarrett's oesophagus predisposes individuals to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), with the risk of progression to malignancy increasing with the degree of dysplasia, categorized as either low‐grade dysplasia (LGD) or high‐grade dysplasia (HGD). The reported incidence of progression to OAC in LGD ranges from 0.02% to 11.43% per annum. In patients with LGD, Australian guidelines recommend 6‐monthly endoscopic surveillance. We aimed to describe the surveillance practices within a tertiary centre, and to determine the predictive value of surveillance as well as other risk factors for progression.MethodsEndoscopy and pathology databases were searched over a 10‐year period to collate all cases of Barrett's oesophagus with LGD. Medical records were reviewed to document patient factors and endoscopic and histologic details. Because follow‐up times varied greatly, survival analysis techniques were employed.ResultsFifty‐nine patients were found to have LGD. Thirteen patients (22.0%) progressed to either HGD or OAC (10 (16.9%) and three (5.1%) respectively); the annual incidence rates of progression to HGD/OAC and OAC were 5.5% and 1.1% respectively. All patients who developed OAC had non‐guideline‐adherent surveillance. A Cox model found only two predictors of progression: (i) guideline‐adherent surveillance, performed in 16 (27.1%), detected progression to HGD/OAC four times earlier than non‐guideline‐adherent surveillance (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3–12.3; P = 0.016). (ii) The detection of visible lesions at exit endoscopy independently predicted progression (hazard ratio = 6.5; 95% CI = 1.9–22.8; P = 0.003).ConclusionBarrett's oesophagus with LGD poses a significant risk of progression to HGD/OAC. Guideline‐recommended surveillance is effective, but is difficult to adhere to. Clinical predictors for those who are more likely to progress are yet to be defined.
Skeletal muscle function in man: force, relaxation rate, endurance and contraction time‐dependence on sex and age
Authors: Lennmarken C. , Bergman T. , Larsson J. , Larsson L.‐E. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryTwo different methods for estimating muscle function were compared; hand grip strength (HGS) and adductor pollicis muscle function after electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve. Fifty‐two ‘normal’ subjects, who were divided into four groups, according to sex and age, were investigated. Technical modifications of the latter method are presented for the measurement of human skeletal muscle function, independent of the motivation of the subject.Maximal voluntary force, as measured with a hand dynamometer, was higher in males than in females. Young males were stronger than males over 50 years old, and young females were stronger than old women. The statistical analysis of the muscle function variables after electrical stimulation showed that young females developed relatively more force at low stimulating frequencies than females over 50 years old. Females had a significantly longer contraction time to tetany compared to males. The relaxation rate after tetanic stimulation was independent of sex and age. Endurance was reduced in old males compared to females in the same age‐group and to young males.
Duplex scanning and periorbital pulsed Doppler in the diagnosis of external carotid artery disease: analysis of causes of error
Authors: Zbornikova Vera , Lassvik Claes , Johansson Ingegerd 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe external carotid arteries (ECA) were examined by duplex scanning in 123 consecutive patients with transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) and minor stroke. Two occlusions and five out of six high grade stenosis were correctly classified, yielding a sensitivity of 88% defining disease as stenosis > 50. Specificity was 94% and accuracy was 93%. Nine low grade stenosis (<50%) and six normal vessels were judged as high grade stenosis. A possible cause of this overestimation was a compensatory flow increase in the ECA caused by an occlusion or high grade stenosis in the internal carotid arteries (ICA), either on the same side or bilaterally. This was supported by the finding of a significantly (P<0·05) higher retrograde flow velocity in the ipsilateral supratrochlear arteries (STA) in patients with high ECA flow velocity, as compared to those with normal ECA flow. Thus in the evaluation of a possible ECA stenosis, the condition of the ICA should be considered in order to avoid overestimation of ECA lesions. The additional examination of flow direction and velocity in STA gives an indication as to whether or not an ECA stenosis might be present.
Correlation between fluorescein flowmetry,133Xenon clearance and electromagnetic flow measurement: a study in the intestine of the pig
Authors: Perbeck Leif , Lewis David H. , Thulin Lars , Tydén Gunnar 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe purpose of the present study was to compare fluorescein flowmetry as a technique for measuring changes in intestine blood flow with electromagnetic blood flowmetry and the133Xenon clearance technique. In eight anaesthetized pigs the blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery was reduced to 20–75% of basal flow as defined by electromagnetic flowmetry. The change in blood flow as calculated by fluorescein flowmetry correlated well with that obtained by electromagnetic blood flowmetry (correlation coefficient 0·86) and133Xenon clearance technique (correlation coefficient 0·94). These findings indicate that fluorescein flowmetry can be considered a quantitative method for measurements of a relative blood flow.
Diving into the fish pathology of an important commercial fish species: the case of the European hake (Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) in the northwest Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Muns‐Pujadas Laura , Constenla Maria , Dallarés Sara , Padrós Francesc 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe gross pathology and the histopathological alterations identified in juvenile specimens of the European hake (Merluccius merluccius), one of the most important target species of commercial fisheries in the northwest Mediterranean, are described. A qualitative and semi‐quantitative histological approach was performed in specimens from 2007 and 2019. Prevalence and mean intensity of parasites and histopathological changes were calculated in both years. No macroscopic alterations were found in any organ but several parasites (e.g., copepods, nematodes, digeneans) were detected. Microscopically, alterations identified in gills included foci of inflammation and hyperplasia (present in 77.38% of hakes from both years), extensive hyperplasia (33.33%), and inflammation (16.65%) that were potentially related to the mechanical effects of monogeneans and copepods, cysts of unknown etiology (62.69%), and lamellar inflammation associated to Aporocotyle spinosicanalis eggs (8.33%). Granulomas and inflammatory focus were detected in the liver, spleen, and stomach, apparently associated with the presence of nematodes. Coelozoic myxosporean parasites were detected within the renal tubules (66.66%). Most of the pathologies detected were similar to those described in other gadoid species (i.e., Gadus morhua) and were usually related to the presence of ecto and endoparasites. The potential impact of parasites on the health of this fish species is discussed for improving the knowledge and management of these valuable fishing stocks.
Comparative evaluation of the effects of laser and chemical denture disinfectants on the surface characteristics of CAD‐CAM and conventional denture resins: An in vitro experimental study
Authors: Moussa Rania , Ellakany Passent , Fouda Shaimaa M , El‐Din Mai Salah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the effect of Ga‐Al‐Ar diode, Nd:YAG lasers, and chemical disinfectants (NaOCl, vinegar, and Corega) on surface roughness (Ra) and hardness (VHN) of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), thermoplastic polyamide, milled and 3D‐printed denture base resins.Materials and MethodsAbout 432 specimens of PMMA, thermoplastic polyamide, milled, and 3D‐printed resins were divided into six subgroups (n = 18): distilled water (control:C), Ga‐Al‐Ar diode laser (L1), Nd:YAG laser (L2), 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), vinegar (AA), and Corega (CR). Each specimen's Ra and VHN were measured. Surface topography assessment was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Analysis was done using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test (p = 0.05).ResultsA significant difference was noted in Ra and VHN as affected by denture base materials, surface disinfectants, and their interaction (p < 0.001). Results showed a significant increase in Ra of PMMA with NaOCL (p < 0.001), AA (p = 0.005), and CR (p = 0.009), thermoplastic polyamide with L1 (p = 0.012), L2 (p = 0.015), NaOCL AA, and CR (p < 0.001 each), milled resin with AA NaOCL, and CR (p < 0.001 each), and 3D‐printed resin with L1, NaOCl, AA (p < 0.001 each), and CR (p = 0.008). The VHN increased in PMMA with NaOCL (p < 0.001), AA (p = 0.044), and CR (p < 0.001), thermoplastic polyamide with L1 (p = 0.037), milled resin with L1, L2, and CR (p < 0.001 each), and 3D‐printed resin with L1, NaOCl (p < 0.001 each), and decreased with CR (p = 0.007).ConclusionThe tested properties showed variations affected by denture base material and surface disinfectants. Laser treatments induced smoother surfaces than chemical disinfectants. Laser improved the surface hardness of CAD‐CAM resins, while chemical immersion improved that of PMMA.
Aedes albopictus colonies from different geographic origins differ in their sleep and activity levels but not in the time of peak activity
Authors: Wynne Nicole E. , Applebach Emilie , Chandrasegaran Karthikeyan , Ajayi Oluwaseun M. , Chakraborty Souvik , Bonizzoni Mariangela , Lahondère Chloé , Benoit Joshua B. , Vinauger Clément 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMosquitoes occupy a wide range of habitats where they experience various environmental conditions. The ability of some species, such as the tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, to adapt to local conditions certainly contributes to their invasive success. Among traits that remain to be examined, mosquitoes' ability to time their activity with that of the local host population has been suggested to be of significant epidemiological importance. However, whether different populations display heritable differences in their chronotype has not been examined. Here, we compared laboratory strains originating from eight populations from three continents, monitored their spontaneous locomotor activity patterns and analysed their sleep‐like states. Overall, all strains showed conserved diurnal activity concentrated in the hours preceding the crepuscule. Similarly, they all showed increased sleep levels during the morning and night hours. However, we observed strain‐specific differences in the activity levels at each phase of the day. We also observed differences in the fraction of time that each strain spends in a sleep‐like state, explained by variations in the sleep architecture across strains. Human population density and the latitude of the site of the geographic origin of the tested strain showed significant effects on sleep and activity patterns. Altogether, these results suggest that Ae. albopictus mosquitoes adapt to local environmental conditions via heritable adaptations of their chronotype.
Role of Parenting Status in the Relationship Between Maternal Depression and Infant–Mother Attachment: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in China
Authors: Bai Yanping , Li Xiaoyu , Yi Jingmin , Xue Wenqing , Mo Yushi , Gong Wenjie 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study in China aimed to explore the impact of maternal depression on infant–mother attachment and whether parenting status moderated this relationship. Women underwent depression assessments at seven perinatal time points: ≤12, 17, 21, 31, and 37 weeks of pregnancy, as well as 1 and 6 weeks postpartum. Those completing at least three times assessments, along with their infants, were invited for infant–mother attachment assessment at 12–18 months postpartum. Among 233 infant–mother pairs completing the infant–mother attachment assessment, 62 and 80 mothers had postnatal depression and perinatal major depression, respectively; 75 (32.2%) of infants exhibited insecure attachment. While infants whose mothers had maternal depression showed a slightly elevated rate of insecure attachment, this difference did not achieve statistical significance. Additionally, parenting status did not influence the relationship between maternal depression and infant–mother attachment. Nevertheless, the study hinted that more physical contact between mother and infant might reduce insecure attachment likelihood. Future research should expand sample sizes and assessment points for better understanding. In addition, encouraging close interaction and physical touch between mother and infant may be beneficial.
Ableism and the discourse of risk and safety in patient‐facing work‐integrated learning
Authors: Epstein Iris , Stephens Lindsay , Baljko Melanie , Procknow Greg , Mastrilli Paula 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn many countries, such as Canada, the USA, England, and Australia, to graduate from a regulated profession such as nursing, students must complete a set of work‐integrated learning (WIL) hours and demonstrate their ability to safely perform physical skills and apply knowledge in relation to professional standards. For a disabled nursing student (DNS) undergoing training in higher education institutions (HEI), securing proper accommodations to participate effectively in WIL experiences has been difficult due to concerns related to risks to self and patient safety. This study used critical discourse analysis to investigate the framing of risk and safety in association with providing DNS with accommodation in WIL. Our data were collected from an intensive codesign (group‐based discussion) session with participants (n = 16), including clinicians and DNS, from four institutions (two WIL‐sites and two HEI organizations). Using an iterative thematic approach based on Foucauldian framework, our analysis revealed three ways in which health professionals discursively framed risk and safety: (a) beliefs that a lack of disclosure by disabled students decreases patient safety and indicates poor self‐reflection, (b) concerns that accommodating students poses a risk to institutions offering WIL experiences and to the relationships between HEI and institutions offering WIL‐sites, and (c) a framing which challenges the dominant discourse by thinking about safety and risk more expansively. Our findings suggest the first two of these framings are ableist and function to enact barriers to access for DNSs in WIL, whereas the third framing serves the goal of inclusion. Recommendations to address the current ableist discourse within the Canadian nursing context are provided, which may also be applicable across other regulated health professions.
What do we do when we suspend judgement?
Authors: Meylan Anne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccording to a classical view, suspension of judgement is, like belief and disbelief, a cognitive state. However, as some authors (Crawford 2022; Lord 2020; McGrath 2021a, 2021b; Sosa 2019, 2021) have pointed out, to suspend judgement is also to perform a certain mental action. The main goal of this article is to defend a precise account of the action that we take when we suspend our judgement: the Preventing Account. The Preventing Account has both the advantage of (i) accounting for familiar situations in which subjects suspend judgements and (ii) of explaining the tendency, which is widespread in the philosophical tradition (from sceptics to pragmatists), to consider suspension of judgement as something that is (at least, to some degree) difficult to achieve.
Transcriptomic and physiological analyses reveal plant resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum involves salicylic acid‐mediated defences in tomato leaves
Authors: Li Na , Sun Sheng , Kong Lingjuan , Chen Zhifeng , Xin Yidong , Shao Renguang , Wang Lumei , Wang Hehe , Geng Xueqing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe destructive bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum leads to substantial losses in tomato production worldwide. RNA‐seq is a powerful technology to decipher various biological processes of host–pathogen interactions by analysing differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In the current study, we used RNA‐seq to analyse the transcriptome changes during the interaction of R. solanacearum and susceptible tomato leaves at the time point of 24 h. Gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were used to annotate functions of DEGs in tomato plants. DEGs related to plant and pathogen interaction pathways, photosynthesis pathways and hormone signalling pathways were further analysed. Our results revealed that R. solanacearum inoculation activated plant defence response pathways to induce a number of core defence genes against bacterial invasion, inhibited expression of genes related to photosynthesis processes and activated the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway to induce defence responses. We quantified SA and jasmonic acid (JA) contents after bacterial inoculation. SA treatment alleviated plant disease symptoms and induced immune‐related reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts in tomato leaves. The extent of disease symptoms was much greater in SlNPR1‐silenced plants than wild‐type plants. Together, our results will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of plant induced defences against bacterial invasion and provide a theoretical basis for breeding resistance of tomato against R. solanacearum in future.
Epidemiological associations between periodontitis and cancer
Authors: Higham Jon , Scannapieco Frank A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is a postulated association of periodontitis with a number of human cancers. This narrative review provides current epidemiological evidence on the association between periodontitis and cancer. A PubMed search with the relevant keywords (periodontal disease, periodontitis, cancer, and malignancy) was completed to identify relevent articles. We present a narrative review on the association between periodontal disease and a range of cancers, including oral cancer, stomach and esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, hematological malignancies, liver cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. While there is a considerable body of epidemiological evidence that supports the association between periodontal disease and cancer, this is largely from cohort and case–control studies and the association may therefore be circumstantial as little evidence exists in the form of treatment trials that would validate the role of periodontal disease in the process of cancer initiation and development.
West Lothians in the European Parliament? Diverging Vote Choices in Cases of Differentiated Integration
Authors: Steinecke David , Heermann Max 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTerritorial differentiation entails challenges for legitimate representation as legislators may be empowered to vote on legislation that does not affect their constituencies. A typical example of this democratic dilemma is the “West Lothian question” in the United Kingdom, where all members of the House of Commons can vote on bills that only affect England. The European Union faces a similar dilemma when members of the European Parliament vote on bills from which their member states are exempted. We analyse EU legislators' voting behaviour on differentiated policies to provide the missing empirical evidence for an informed debate about the institutional design of legislative rules under differentiation. We show that legislators abstain more frequently than their party group colleagues when their constituency is not subject to a bill due to sovereignty concerns. This practice of abstention resembles an existing norm in the United Kingdom and mitigates the democratic dilemma associated with differentiation.