bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of non-severe burn injury on cardiac function and long-term cardiovascular pathology
Authors: O’Halloran Emily , Shah Amit , Dembo Lawrence , Hool Livia , Viola Helena , Grey Christine , Boyd James , O’Neill Tomas , Wood Fiona , Duke Janine , Fear Mark 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSevere burn injury significantly affects cardiovascular function for up to 3 years. However, whether this leads to long-term pathology is unknown. The impact of non-severe burn injury, which accounts for over 80% of admissions in developed countries, has not been investigated. Using a rodent model of non-severe burn injury with subsequent echocardiography we showed significantly increased left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) and ventricular wall thickness at up to 3 months post-injury. Use of propranolol abrogated the changes in cardiac measures observed. Subsequently we investigated changes in a patient cohort with non-severe injury. Echocardiography measured at baseline and at 3 months post-injury showed increased LVESD at 3 months and significantly decreased posterior wall diameter. Finally, 32 years of Western Australian hospital records were used to investigate the incidence of cardiovascular disease admissions after burn injury. People who had experienced a burn had increased hospital admissions and length of stay for cardiovascular diseases when compared to a matched uninjured cohort. This study presents animal, patient and population data that strongly suggest non-severe burn injury has significant effects on cardiovascular function and long-term morbidity in some burn patients. Identification of patients at risk will promote better intervention and outcomes for burn patients.
Discovery of Isoquinolinoquinazolinones as a Novel Class of Potent PPARγ Antagonists with Anti-adipogenic Effects
Authors: Jin Yifeng , Han Younho , Khadka Daulat Bikram , Zhao Chao , Lee Kwang Youl , Cho Won-Jea 
Published: October 2016

AbstractConformational change in helix 12 can alter ligand-induced PPARγ activity; based on this reason, isoquinolinoquinazolinones, structural homologs of berberine, were designed and synthesized as PPARγ antagonists. Computational docking and mutational study indicated that isoquinolinoquinazolinones form hydrogen bonds with the Cys285 and Arg288 residues of PPARγ. Furthermore, SPR results demonstrated strong binding affinity of isoquinolinoquinazolinones towards PPARγ. Additionally, biological assays showed that this new series of PPARγ antagonists more strongly inhibit adipocyte differentiation and PPARγ2-induced transcriptional activity than GW9662.
Efficient Synthesis of Ethanol from CH4 and Syngas on a Cu-Co/TiO2 Catalyst Using a Stepwise Reactor
Authors: Zuo Zhi-Jun , Peng Fen , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEthanol synthesis from CH4and syngas on a Cu-Co/TiO2catalyst is studied using experiments, density functional theory (DFT) and microkinetic modelling. The experimental results indicate that the active sites of ethanol synthesis from CH4and syngas are Cu and CoO, over which the ethanol selectivity is approximately 98.30% in a continuous stepwise reactor. DFT and microkinetic modelling results show that *CH3is the most abundant species and can be formed from *CH4dehydrogenation or through the process of *CO hydrogenation. Next, the insertion of *CO into *CH3forms *CH3CO. Finally, ethanol is formed through *CH3CO and *CH3COH hydrogenation. According to our results, small particles of metallic Cu and CoO as well as a strongly synergistic effect between metallic Cu and CoO are beneficial for ethanol synthesis from CH4and syngas on a Cu-Co/TiO2catalyst.
Coronary artery calcium is associated with cortical thinning in cognitively normal individuals
Authors: Lee Jin San , Kang Danbee , Jang Young Kyoung , Kim Hee Jin , Na Duk L. , Shin Hee Young , Kang Mira , Yang Jin-Ju , Lee Jong-Min , Lee Juyoun , Kim Yeo Jin , Park Key-Chung , Guallar Eliseo , Seo Sang Won , Cho Juhee 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTo evaluate the association between coronary artery calcium (CAC) and cortical thickness in a large sample of cognitively normal individuals, with special emphasis in determining if the association thickness has regional brain specificity and if it is mediated by white matter hyperintensities (WMH). A total of 512 participants were included in this study. CAC scores were assessed by multi-detector computed tomography. Cortical thickness was measured using a surface-based method. Linear mixed models were used to assess the association between CAC scores and cortical thickness. In fully adjusted models, increased CAC scores were associated with cortical thinning across several brain regions, which generally overlapped with the distribution of default mode network. The association between CAC scores and cortical thickness was significantly stronger in participants with moderate or severe WMH compared to those with none or mild WMH, even though CAC scores were not associated with WMH. In cognitively normal adults, CAC was associated with cortical thinning in areas related to cognitive function. This association was evident after adjusting for multiple coronary artery disease risk factors and for WMH, suggesting that CAC may be more closely related to Alzheimer’s Disease-type disease rather than to cerebral small vessel disease.
Comparing ε-Aminocaproic Acid and Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Postoperative Transfusions in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Churchill Jessica , Puca Kathleen , Meyer Elizabeth , Carleton Matthew , Anderson Michael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMultiple studies have shown tranexamic acid (TXA) to reduce blood loss and transfusion rates in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Accordingly, TXA has become a routine blood conservation agent for TKA. In contrast, ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA), a similar acting antifibrinolytic to TXA, has been less frequently used. This study evaluated whether EACA is as efficacious as TXA in reducing postoperative blood transfusion rates and compared the cost per surgery between agents. A multicenter retrospective chart review of elective unilateral TKA from April 2012 through December 2014 was performed. Five hospitals within a health care system participated. Data collected included age, gender, severity of illness score, use of antifibrinolytic and dose, red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and the number of units, and preadmission and discharge hemoglobin (Hb). Dosing of the antifibrinolytic differed based on the agent used, 5 or 10 g (based on weight) for EACA versus 1 g for TXA. The institutional acquisition cost of each antifibrinolytic was obtained and averaged over the study period. Of 2,922 primary unilateral TKA cases, 820 patients received EACA, 610 patients received TXA, and 1,492 patients received no antifibrinolytic (control group). Compared with the control group both EACA and TXA groups had significantly fewer patients transfused (EACA 2.8% [p < 0.0001], TXA 3.2% [p < 0.0001] vs. control 10.8%) and lower mean RBC units transfused per patient (EACA 0.05 units/patient [pt] [p < 0.0001], TXA 0.05 units/pt [p < 0.0001] vs. control 0.19 units/pt]. There was no difference in mean RBC units transfused per patient, percentage of patients transfused, and discharge Hb levels between the EACA and TXA groups (p = 0.822, 0.236, and 0.322, respectively). Medication acquisition cost for EACA averaged $2.23 per surgery compared with TXA at $39.58 per surgery. Administration of EACA or TXA significantly decreased postoperative transfusion rates compared with no antifibrinolytic therapy. Utilization of EACA for unilateral TKA proved to be comparable to TXA in all studied aspects at a lower cost. The level of evidence for the study is Level 3.
Arthroscopic Lateral Retinacular Release and Modified Elmslie–Trillat Operation Improve Severe Isolated Lateral Patello-Femoral Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lin Renn-Chia , Lue Ko-Huang , Lu Ko-Hsiu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTo evaluate whether arthroscopic lateral retinacular release and the modified Elmslie–Trillat operation improve osteoarthritis (OA) progression and clinical outcomes in patients with severe isolated lateral patello-femoral OA. Nine women (11 knees) and one man (one knee) with isolated late-stage lateral patello-femoral OA underwent surgery. The severity of patello-femoral OA was recorded using the Merchant method, while the level of pain and anterior knee function were scored using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Kujala knee scores, respectively. The articular cartilage was graded under arthroscopy using the Outerbridge classification. All of the patients underwent the modified Elmslie–Trillat operation after arthroscopic surgery, including lateral retinacular release. Ten patients (12 knees) had a mean 6.45 ± 0.80 mm of medial transfer, 6.02 ± 0.80 mm of anterior transfer of the tibial tubercle, and follow-up of 67.0 months. The mean VAS and Kujala knee scores improved from 8 ± 0.17 preoperatively to 2.33 ± 0.33 on the last follow-up and from 43.08 ± 2.09 to 68.83 ± 2.59, respectively (both p < 0.001). Postoperatively, all had improved subchondral bone remodeling, including cyst resolution, density and trabeculae normalization, and subchondral smoothing in the patello-femoral compartment. The patello-femoral joint space and patellar thickness increased from 0.39 ± 0.16 mm to 1.77 ± 0.18 mm and from 18.28 ± 0.67 mm to 19.60 ± 0.69 mm, respectively (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005). Treatment of severe isolated lateral patello-femoral OA using arthroscopic lateral retinacular release and the modified Elmslie–Trillat operation can improve pain relief, functional outcomes, and subchondral bone remodeling, and also restore the patello-femoral joint space and patellar thickness. Prompt transfer of the tibial tubercle seems to reverse the progress of OA radiographically.
Surgical Treatment of Childhood Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors
Authors: Talim Beril , Karnak İbrahim , Ekinci Saniye , Andiran Fatih , Çiftçi Arbay , Orhan Diclehan , Akyüz Canan , Tanyel Feridun , Soyer Tutku 
Published: October 2016

Aim A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the clinical features, diagnostic methods, and treatment alternatives of childhood inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs).
Patients and Methods Patients who underwent surgical treatment for IMT between 2000 and 2015 were evaluated for age, sex, presenting symptoms, physical examination findings, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, histopathologic findings, and results of surgical treatment during long-term follow-up.
Results Eleven patients who underwent surgical treatment were included in the study. Male:female ratio was 7:4 and the mean age of the patients was 6.09 years (1–10 years). Presenting symptoms were respiratory difficulty, cough (n = 7, 63.3%), abdominal pain, vomiting (n = 2, 18.8%), loss of body weight (n = 1, 9.09%), palpable mass (n = 1, 9.09%), and rectal bleeding (n = 1, 9.09%). Ultrasonography (n = 4, 36.3%) and computed tomography (n = 9, 81.1%) were used for diagnosis. Localizations of tumors were lungs (n = 5, 45.4%), mediastinum (n = 2, 18.1%), spleen (n = 1, 9.09%), neck (n = 1, 9.09%), colon (n = 1, 9.09%), and rectum (n = 1, 9.09%). The mean size of mass was 6.6 cm (2–12 cm) and six patients were diagnosed with preoperative biopsy. Lung lobectomy (right lower lobe; n = 3, right middle and lower lobe; n = 2), total resection of mass with adjacent bowel (n = 2), partial splenectomy (n = 1), total resection of neck mass (n = 1), and incomplete resection (n = 2) were the choice of surgical treatment. Incomplete resection was performed in masses closely adjacent to atrium and mediastinal structures. In histopathologic evaluation, surgical margins were free of tumor in four cases, positive in six cases, and were not reported in one case. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positivity was detected in six cases, negative in two cases, and was not evaluated in three cases. Two cases who had residual mass with positive ALK received chemotherapy. Mean follow-up time was 68.2 months (5 months to 12 years). During follow-up, there was no recurrence or distant metastasis. Ten patients survived and one patient was lost to follow-up.
Conclusion IMT is a rare tumor of childhood with a spectrum of clinical findings because of variable localization. Surgical treatment is the first choice of treatment. Patients with residual mass and ALK positivity may require medical treatment. In our series, long-term survival of patients was favorable in patients with total resection.
Effects of GABA on the expression of type I collagen gene in normal human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Uehara Eriko , Hokazono Hideki , Sasaki Takako , Yoshioka Hidekatsu , Matsuo Noritaka 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe examined the effects of GABA on type I collagen gene expression in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Real-time PCR analysis indicated GABA increased the level of type I collagen transcripts, and suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, which is a collagen-degrading enzyme. These results suggest GABA improves the skin elasticity by regulating type I collagen expression.
Candid Lying and Precocious Storytelling in Victorian Literature and Psychology
Authors: Laing Roisín 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
By comparing Frances Hodgson Burnett’s A Little Princess (1905) with contemporaneous psychology and canonical literature, this article suggests that children’s literature complicates our understanding of nineteenth-century discourse about precocity. In much canonical literature of the Victorian period, the precocious child is an agent in a narrative of adult redemption. In Victorian child psychology, childhood storytelling was associated with lying and with moral insanity; adult stories are, implicitly, true by contrast. Both discourses thus reduce the precocious child to the role of agent in the tacit truth of adult stories; many such nineteenth-century scientific and literary studies of precocity are therefore, more essentially, studies of the adult reflected in the precocious child. A Little Princess, in contrast, is concerned with the experiences and perspective of its precocious child protagonist, Sara Crewe. Through this focus on the child herself, A Little Princess suggests that the position of the precocious child in contemporary discourse is a result of the threat she represents to the adult, and to the supposed truth of adult stories. Sara Crewe obviates the moral difference between adults’ stories and children’s stories, and between truth and deceit, upheld in contemporary psychology. She therefore undermines the difference between adult and child which informed debate about precocity in canonical fiction and psychology of the Victorian period. In A Little Princess, this transgression of boundaries is a productive, enabling, and even moral act.
Why is population information crucial for taxonomy? A case study involving a hybrid swarm and related varieties
Authors: Marczewski Tobias , Ma Yong-Peng , Zhang Xue-Mei , Sun Wei-Bang , Marczewski A. Jane 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Hybridization has become a focal topic in evolutionary biology, and many taxonomists are aware that the process occurs more frequently than previously assumed. Nonetheless many species and varieties are still described without explicitly considering the possibility of hybridization, especially in countries that have relatively short scientific histories, but which often possess the highest species diversities. Furthermore, new taxa are often described based only on herbarium specimens, not taking into account information from wild populations, significantly decreasing the potential to detect morphologies arising from hybridization at this crucial descriptive stage. We used morphological data from a hybrid swarm involving two Rhododendron species to showcase possible character combinations in intermediates. Certain characters used to distinguish taxa were more variable within the same individual than between species, emphasizing the importance of population information for an adequate choice of characters. Most described varieties of the two species fell within the spectrum of hybrid morphology, suggesting that these taxa would be unlikely to have merited formal description if contemporary standards had been employed. In all investigated cases the hybrid nature of described varieties seems to have been detectable with adequate morphological data alone, if populations had been assessed. A post hoc assessment of taxa is often complicated, especially if certain types of information are not provided. To avoid accumulation of such invalid taxa, careful scrutiny should be employed for new descriptions. Hybrids (not hybrid species) described as taxa obscure valuable information about natural processes and impact negatively on further research that depends on taxonomic data.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Leishmaniasis: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH)
Authors: Aronson Naomi , Herwaldt Barbara L , Libman Michael , Pearson Richard , Lopez-Velez Rogelio , Weina Peter , Carvalho Edgar M , Ephros Moshe , Jeronimo Selma , Magill Alan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIt is important to realize that leishmaniasis guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. The IDSA and ASTMH consider adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determinations regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient’s individual circumstances.
Networks of Desire: How Technology Increases Our Passion to Consume
Authors: Kozinets Robert , Patterson Anthony , Ashman Rachel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHow is consumer desire transformed by contemporary technology? Most extant theory holds that technology rationalizes and reduces passion. In our investigation of networks of desire—complex open systems of machines, consumers, energy, and objects—we find technology increasing the passion to consume. Effects depend upon participation in the network, which can be private, public, or professional. Private participation tends to discipline passion into interests reflecting established cultural categories. Public and professional participation build new connections between extant desires and a wider network, decentering ties and deterritorializing flows that limit hungers to emplaced bodies. Public and professional participation drive consumption passion to transgressive extremes. We use ethnography and netnography to study online food image sharing, a broad field that includes everything from friend networks to food bloggers. Using and extending Deleuze and Guattari’s desire theory, we conceptualize desire as energetic, connective, systemic, and innovative. Critically examining the role of technocapitalism in the realm of consumption passion, we question the emancipatory possibilities of unfettered desire. Networks of desire create a passionate new universe of technologically enhanced desire, one that challenges the way we think about consumer collectives, capitalism, emancipation, and posthuman consumption.
European Colonization, Not Polynesian Arrival, Impacted Population Size and Genetic Diversity in the Critically Endangered New Zealand Kākāpō
Authors: Bergner Laura M. , Dussex Nicolas , Jamieson Ian G. , Robertson Bruce C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIsland endemic species are often vulnerable to decline and extinction following human settlement, and the genetic study of historical museum specimens can be useful in understanding these processes. The kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus) is a critically endangered New Zealand parrot that was formerly widespread and abundant. It is well established that both Polynesian and European colonization of New Zealand impacted the native avifauna, but the timeframe and severity of impacts have differed depending on species. Here, we investigated the relative importance of the 2 waves of human settlement on kākāpō decline, using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to characterize recent kākāpō genetic and demographic history. We analyzed samples from 49 contemporary individuals and 54 museum specimens dating from 1884 to 1985. Genetic diversity decreased significantly between historical and contemporary kākāpō, with a decline in mean number of microsatellite alleles from 6.15 to 3.08 and in number of mtDNA haplotypes from 17 to 3. Modeling of demographic history indicated a recent population bottleneck linked to the period of European colonization (approximately 5 generations ago) but did not support a major decline linked to Polynesian settlement. Effective population size estimates were also larger for historical than contemporary kākāpō. Our findings inform contemporary kākāpō management by indicating the timeframe and possible cause of the bottleneck, which has implications for the management of extant genetic diversity. We demonstrate the broader utility of a historical perspective in understanding causes of decline and managing extinction risk in contemporary endangered species.
Alpha-particle fluence in radiobiological experiments
Authors: Nikezic Dragoslav , Yu Kwan Ngok 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Two methods were proposed for determining alpha-particle fluence for radiobiological experiments. The first involved calculating the probabilities of hitting the target for alpha particles emitted from a source through Monte Carlo simulations, which when multiplied by the activity of the source gave the fluence at the target. The second relied on the number of chemically etched alpha-particle tracks developed on a solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) that was irradiated by an alpha-particle source. The etching efficiencies (defined as percentages of latent tracks created by alpha particles from the source that could develop to become visible tracks upon chemical etching) were computed through Monte Carlo simulations, which when multiplied by the experimentally counted number of visible tracks would also give the fluence at the target. We studied alpha particles with an energy of 5.486 MeV emitted from an 241Am source, and considered the alpha-particle tracks developed on polyallyldiglycol carbonate film, which is a common SSNTD. Our results showed that the etching efficiencies were equal to one for source–film distances of from 0.6 to 3.5 cm for a circular film of radius of 1 cm, and for source–film distances of from 1 to 3 cm for circular film of radius of 2 cm. For circular film with a radius of 3 cm, the etching efficiencies never reached 1. On the other hand, the hit probability decreased monotonically with increase in the source–target distance, and fell to zero when the source–target distance was larger than the particle range in air.