bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Middle to Late Devensian glaciation of north‐east Scotland: implications for the north‐eastern quadrant of the last British–Irish ice sheet
Authors: Merritt Jon W. , Connell E. Rodger , Hall Adrian M. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTWe present a review of over 175 years of research into the Middle to Late Devensian (Weichselian) glaciation of NE Scotland based crucially on both its lithostratigraphic and geomorphic records. The location of the region, and surrounding seabed, makes this unusually detailed record significant for deciphering the former interactions and dynamics of Scottish and Scandinavian ice within the North Sea Basin (NSB), which continue to be controversial. A 12‐stage event stratigraphy is proposed based on a parsimonious interpretation of stratigraphic relationships, till lithology and regional clast fabrics, striae, subglacial bedforms, ice‐marginal features and published geochronometry at critical sites. The record of regional glaciation supports converging evidence that the north‐eastern quadrant of the last British and Irish Ice Sheet reached its maximum spatial extent in the late Middle to early Late Devensian and later re‐expanded following widespread internal glacial reorganizations, marine transgression and partial retreat from the central NSB. Retreat was interrupted by several glacial readvances of limited extent. Field‐captured data help to identify important events that are not clearly resolved from remote sensing alone, particularly regarding growth phases of the last glaciation.
Understanding the Proclivity of Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) Travel across Family Life Cycle Stages in Australia
Authors: Backer Elisa , Lynch David 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Family Life Cycle (FLC) model is frequently used for understanding travel patterns and consumer behaviour. The aim of this research was to consider the relationship between FLC stages and travel engagement in Australia. Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFRs) and non‐VFRs (n = 102 029) were found to be significantly different in their FLC composition. In addition, the prevalence of FLC stages changed between the groups, with families comprising 27.5% of domestic VFRs yet comprising 37.9% of domestic non‐VFRs. This study has provided a valuable assessment of the relationship between FLC stages and domestic travel in Australia and is the first paper to integrate two common approaches used in tourism for market segmentation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pronghorn resource selection and habitat fragmentation in North Dakota
Authors: Christie Katherine S. , Jensen William F. , Boyce Mark S. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTPronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in North Dakota have experienced habitat fragmentation due to agricultural practices, roads, and oil development. We analyzed patterns of female pronghorn habitat selection in 2006 and 2014, years with contrasting pronghorn density and oil production in western North Dakota. We quantified resource selection and fawn:female ratios relative to proximity to active wells, road density, land cover, development, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and agricultural practices. We also assessed patterns of well placement relative to the same environmental variables. Pronghorn selected sagebrush and areas with low NDVI but avoided developed areas, roads, forests, and wetlands. Pronghorn selected areas close to oil and gas wells because wells were located in high‐value habitats (e.g., native sagebrush‐steppe ecosystems selected by pronghorn). For the majority of variables tested, selection was stronger when pronghorn density was low, consistent with current resource selection theory. Although females selected relatively open habitats, fawn:female ratios within areas selected by females were positively correlated with NDVI. Our results demonstrate that pronghorn avoid human development and roads but not oil and gas wells. Although wells are not actively avoided by pronghorn, their placement in high‐value habitat for this species leads to significant habitat fragmentation. In light of these results, we recommend efforts to conserve pronghorn habitat such as constructing wells away from sagebrush, using existing roads to service newly constructed wells, and re‐vegetating well pads with sagebrush plantings once they are no longer in use. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Three different turbinoplasty techniques combined with septoplasty: Prospective randomized trial
Authors: Veit Johannes A. , Nordmann Melanie , Dietz Britta , Sommer Fabian , Lindemann Jörg , Rotter Nicole , Greve Jens , von Bomhard Achim , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Riepl Ricarda , Scheithauer Marc O. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives/HypothesisSeptal deviation and hypertrophic inferior turbinates are a frequent cause of nasal breathing disorders. The goal of this study was to prove the effectiveness and safety of three current turbinoplasty techniques.Study DesignThis is a prospective, three‐arm, single‐blinded, single‐center, randomized controlled trial.MethodsSixty patients were randomly assigned to either anterior turbinoplasty (ATP) (n = 20), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (n = 19; Celon Pro Breath), or novel submucous radial diode laser ablation (DLA) (n = 21; ELVeS Radial PainLess, wavelength = 1,470 nm), each in combination with standard septoplasty. Acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry, subjective nose questionnaire, and saccharin test served as outcome parameters for preoperative and 3‐month, 1‐year, and 2‐year postoperative examinations.ResultsAfter 3 months 47/60 patients were evaluated, 28/60 patients were evaluated after 1 year, and 26/60 patients were evaluated in the 2‐year follow‐up visit. An improvement of nasal breathing was observed in all three groups in all follow‐up visits. The increase of endonasal volume 2 (volume between the nasal valve and body of the inferior turbinate) was statistically significant in the ATP and RFA group after 3 months and 2 years, and in the RFA group also after 1 year. The DLA group failed to reach significance level in all follow‐up visits. Subjective evaluation of nasal breathing improved in all three groups.ConclusionsIn this trial, three different current techniques of turbinate surgery in combination with standard septoplasty were effective for the improvement of nasal breathing. The ATP and RFA techniques were more effective in the long term than DLA.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:303–308, 2017
Oncologic outcomes of selective neck dissection in HPV‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zenga Joseph , Jackson Ryan S. , Graboyes Evan M. , Sinha Parul , Lindberg Miranda , Martin Eliot J. , Ma Daniel , Thorstad Wade L. , Rich Jason T. , Moore Eric J. , Haughey Bruce H. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo examine outcomes of selective neck dissection (SND) in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) who present with clinical neck disease.Study DesignMulti‐institutional retrospective review.MethodsTwo institutional databases of patients with HPV‐related OPSCC were reviewed to identify patients with clinical (c) N1‐N3 neck disease who underwent SND ± adjuvant therapy.ResultsThree hundred and twenty‐four patients were identified with a median follow‐up of 49 months (range 3–199 months). All patients underwent transoral resection of the primary tumor and SND, including levels II–IV and ± levels I or V, with resection of additional nonlymphatic tissue (extended SND) as indicated by extent of disease, including the spinal accessory nerve (7%), the internal jugular vein (13%), and the sternocleidomastoid muscle (8%). Two hundred and seventy (83%) patients underwent adjuvant radiation. There were 13 (4%) regional recurrences and 19 (6%) distant recurrences. Regional control following salvage was 98%. On univariable analysis, absence of radiation was associated with regional recurrence (odds ratio [OR] 9.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9–29.4). On multivariable analysis, adjuvant radiation was associated with improved disease‐free survival (DFS) (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.14–0.53) but lost significance for overall (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) (P > 0.05). Five‐year Kaplan‐Meier estimates for OS, DSS, and DFS were 88% (95% CI 84%–92%), 93% (95% CI 89%–96%), and 83% (95% CI 78%–87%), respectively.ConclusionIn HPV‐related OPSCC presenting with clinical neck disease, a SND ± additional tissue resection and adjuvant therapy, when indicated, provides excellent long‐term regional control. Omission of radiotherapy increases the risk of regional recurrence, although it may not significantly impact OS or DSS. It appears unnecessary to routinely perform a comprehensive neck dissection.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:623–630, 2017
Dual wavelength stimulation of polymeric nanoparticles for photothermal therapy
Authors: Kelkar Sneha S. , McCabe‐Lankford Eleanor , Albright Richard , Harrington Phil , Levi‐Polyachenko Nicole H. 
Published: September 2016

Background and ObjectivePhotothermal therapy (PTT) has several applications in the areas of wound healing, pain management, bacterial infection control, and cancer treatment dependent on the temperature that is generated. PTT is often used exclusively with near infrared (NIR) light and most nanoparticles (NP) used for PTT are designed to absorb within one narrow range of wavelengths. We have developed a dual‐wavelength photothermal therapy by capitalizing on the dual absorption of nanoparticles in the blue and NIR range.Materials and MethodsOur lab has previously developed NP based on the semiconducting, conjugated polymer poly[4,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐2,1,3‐benzoselenadiazole‐4,7‐diyl] (PCPDTBSe). The NP have strong absorption in the blue and NIR regions. In this report, we have explored the heat generated by PCPDTBSe NP using simultaneous delivery of 450 and 800 nm light, either independently or together for photothermal ablation of mouse colorectal cancer cells.ResultsThe heat generation studies indicated that the use of either 450 or 800 nm wavelengths at the same fluences produced approximately the same temperature change of deionized water. Fluences of 114.6 and 229.2 J/cm2, utilizing 450 or 800 nm light applied individually resulted in temperatures of 8–47°C above ambient temperature, leading to a 90% reduction in cell viability. Simultaneous stimulation of the PCPDTBSe NP with 450 and 800 nm light effectively doubles the effective power delivered, resulting in temperatures 18–63°C above ambient and 100% photothermal ablation of the colorectal cancer cells.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate that PCPDTBSe polymer NP can be utilized as effective PTT agents by capitalizing on their dual absorption of both blue and NIR light. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:893–902, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large‐area spectrally encoded confocal endomicroscopy of the human esophagus in vivo
Authors: Kang Dongkyun , Schlachter Simon C. , Carruth Robert W. , Kim Minkyu , Wu Tao , Tabatabaei Nima , Soomro Amna R. , Grant Catriona N. , Rosenberg Mireille , Nishioka Norman S. , Tearney Guillermo J. 
Published: September 2016

Background and ObjectiveDiagnosis of esophageal diseases is often hampered by sampling errors that are inherent in endoscopic biopsy, the standard of care. Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) is a high‐speed reflectance confocal endomicroscopy technology that has the potential to visualize cellular features from large regions of the esophagus, greatly decreasing the likelihood of sampling error. In this paper, we report results from a pilot clinical study imaging the human esophagus in vivo with a prototype SECM endoscopic probe.Materials and MethodsIn this pilot clinical study, six patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for surveillance of Barrett's esophagus (BE) were imaged with the SECM endoscopic probe. The device had a diameter of 7 mm, a length of 2 m, and a rapid‐exchange guide wire provision for esophageal placement. During EGD, the distal portion of the esophagus of each patient was sprayed with 2.5% acetic acid to enhance nuclear contrast. The SECM endoscopic probe was then introduced over the guide wire to the distal esophagus and large‐area confocal images were obtained by helically scanning the optics within the SECM probe.ResultsLarge area confocal images of the distal esophagus (image length = 4.3–10 cm; image width = 2.2 cm) were rapidly acquired at a rate of ∼9 mm2/second, resulting in short procedural times (1.8–4 minutes). SECM enabled the visualization of clinically relevant architectural and cellular features of the proximal stomach and normal and diseased esophagus, including squamous cell nuclei, BE glands, and goblet cells.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that comprehensive spectrally encoded confocal endomicroscopy is feasible and can be used to visualize architectural and cellular microscopic features from large segments of the distal esophagus at the gastroesophageal junction. By providing microscopic images that are less subject to sampling error, this technology may find utility in guiding biopsy and planning and assessing endoscopic therapy. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:233–239, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Absence of aryl hydrocarbon receptor alters CDC42 expression and prevents actin polymerization during capacitation
Authors: Angeles‐Floriano Tania , Roa‐Espitia Ana L. , Baltiérrez‐Hoyos Rafael , Cordero‐Martínez Joaquin , Elizondo Guillermo , Hernández‐González Enrique O. 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand‐activated transcription factor that regulates the toxicity of a variety of environmental chemicals. The absence of this receptor causes serious reproductive complications. Ahr‐knockout (Ahr‐KO) male mice, for example, are considerably less fertile: Half of the few spermatozoa they produce exhibit morphological alterations, and those with typical morphology may have pathologic modifications. We therefore investigated the consequences of AHR loss on capacitation and the acrosome reaction, and asked if these effects are a consequence of changes to actin polymerization and the expression of Cdc42, which encodes Cell division control protein 42 (CDC42), a RHO protein that controls assembly of the actin cytoskeleton in somatic cells as well as during spermatogenesis. Nearly 50% of spermatozoa produced by Ahr‐KO mice had alterations in the flagellum. Ahr‐KO spermatozoa were frequently capacitated, but showed reduced spontaneous and progesterone‐induced acrosome reaction—which is related to low CDC42 abundance and very limited actin polymerization during capacitation. Thus, the expression of CDC42 might be regulated by AHR, and both proteins are fundamental to the development of normal spermatozoa and the acrosome reaction. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 1015–1026, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of natural language processing on narrative medication schedules to compute average weekly dose
Authors: Lu Chao‐Chin , Leng Jianwei , Cannon Grant W , Zhou Xi , Egger Marlene , South Brett , Burningham Zach , Zeng Qing , Sauer Brian C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeMedications with non‐standard dosing and unstandardized units of measurement make the estimation of prescribed dose difficult from pharmacy dispensing data. A natural language processing tool named the SIG extractor was developed to identify and extract elements from narrative medication instructions to compute average weekly doses (AWDs) for disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the performance of the SIG extractor.MethodThis agreement study utilized Veterans Health Affairs pharmacy data from 2008 to 2012. The SIG extractor was designed to extract key elements from narrative medication schedules (SIGs) for 17 select medications to calculate AWD, and these medications were categorized by generic name and route of administration. The SIG extractor was evaluated against an annotator‐derived reference standard for accuracy, which is the fraction of AWDs accurately computed.ResultsThe overall accuracy was 89% [95% confidence interval (CI) 88%, 90%]. The accuracy was ≥85% for all medications and route combinations, except for cyclophosphamide (oral) and cyclosporine (oral), which were 79% (95%CI 72%, 85%) and 66% (95%CI 58%, 73%), respectively.ConclusionsThe SIG extractor performed well on the majority of medications, indicating that AWD calculated by the SIG extractor can be used to improve estimation of AWD when dispensed quantity or days' supply is questionable or improbable. The working model for annotating SIGs and the SIG extractor are generalized and can easily be applied to other medications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UHMWPE with short‐chain branches synthesized by alkenyl substituted phenoxy–imine catalysts in ethylene polymerization
Authors: Wang Yi , Fan Hong , Li Bo‐Geng 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe alkenyl substituted phenoxy–imine complexes [2‐C3H5‐6‐(2, 3, 5, 6‐C6F4H‐NCH)C6H3O]2TiCl2 (C3H5=CH2 CHCH2 or CHCHCH3) are synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. When activated by MAO, they show high activity for the polymerization of ethylene to UHMWPE under different conditions (temperatures and polymerization time). Most of the resulting polymers have high molecular weights (>1.0 × 106 g·mol−1) and high melting points as well as crystallinity. To clarify the effect of the alkenyl group on the catalytic performance and the resultant polymer microstructure, the corresponding saturated complexes of type [2‐C3H7−6‐(2, 3, 5, 6‐C6F4H‐NCH)C6H3O]2TiCl2 where C3H7 = –CH2CH2CH3 or CH(CH3)2 were synthesized and tested as catalysts in ethylene polymerization under the same reaction conditions. The microstructure and morphologies of these two species of PE samples were fully compared by the analysis of 13C NMR, GPC, DSC, and SEM. As a result, the allyl substituted complex show the highest activity to prepare the highest molecular weight polyethylene of all the catalysts. An interesting feature of the UHMWPE produced by these four catalysts is that they contain only a few short‐chain branches (mainly methyl, isobutyl and 2‐methylhexyl branches) in a low amount (<2.7 branches/1000 C). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3808–3818
Soluble guanylate cyclase redox state under oxidative stress conditions in isolated monkey coronary arteries
Authors: Tawa Masashi , Okamura Tomio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCoronary artery disease is associated with oxidative stress due to the excessive generation of free radicals in the vascular wall. This study investigated the impact of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BuOOH), a peroxyl radical generator, on the redox state of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in isolated monkey coronary arteries. Helically cut strips of endothelium‐intact monkey coronary arteries treated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine (10 μmol/L) were exposed for approximately 60 min to either no drug or t‐BuOOH (100 μmol/L) in the presence and absence of α‐tocopherol (300 μmol/L). Relaxation and cGMP levels in response to the sGC stimulator BAY 41‐2272 and the sGC activator BAY 60‐2770 were assessed by organ chamber technique and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. The relaxant response to BAY 41‐2272 was significantly impaired by the exposure to t‐BuOOH, whereas the response to BAY 60‐2770 was significantly augmented. In addition, vascular cGMP accumulation caused by BAY 41‐2272 was decreased by the exposure to t‐BuOOH, whereas for BAY 60‐2770, it was increased. These effects of t‐BuOOH were abolished by coincubation with α‐tocopherol. Furthermore, correlations were observed between BAY compound‐induced relaxant magnitudes and cGMP levels. Therefore, it is concluded that increased oxidative stress leads to disruption of the sGC redox state in monkey coronary arteries. This finding is of great importance for understanding coronary physiology in primates.
Calculation of complexity of NTRU and optimized NTRU using GA, ACO, and PSO algorithm
Authors: Agrawal Himani , Sharma Monisha 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA great security of information for the e‐business applications is required. In such applications, use of cryptographic methods is very necessary. The two popularly used cryptographic methods are secret key cryptosystem and public key cryptosystem. Data encryption standard is the most popular secret key cryptosystem. Rivest–Shamir–Adleman algorithm is the most widely used public key cryptosystem. Secret key ciphers are faster than the public key ciphers. But security of public key ciphers is more than that of secret key ciphers. Simulation speed of Nth degree‐truncated polynomial ring units (NTRU) is greater than that of Rivest–Shamir–Adleman algorithm. Also, NTRU requires smaller memory space. Therefore, in order to construct a very secure and high speed cryptosystem, it is required to optimize the NTRU cryptosystem with respect to simulation time. In this paper, NTRU is optimized using advanced optimization techniques, that is, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and ant colony optimization algorithm. Also, the complexity of NTRU and optimized NTRU using genetic algorithm, ant colony optimization, and PSO algorithms are calculated and compared. It is found that the complexity of NTRU using PSO is the highest as compared with other optimization techniques. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced Cellulosic Materials for Treatment and Detection of Industrial Contaminants in Wastewater
Authors: Wayland Hunter A. , Boury Susan N. , Chhetri Bijay P. , Brandt Andrew , Proskurnin Mikhail A. , Filichkina Vera A. , Zharov Vladimir P. , Biris Alexandru S. , Ghosh Anindya 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe scarcity of fresh, clean water is one of the most tremendous global crises currently facing the human race. Various technologies exist for the treatment of contaminated water on different waste volume scales, for specific pollutants, and at a range of cost points. The use of agricultural and industrial by‐products directly or with simple modifications for treating wastewater has been investigated thoroughly, and the new frontier in this field is the development of advanced cellulose materials which are low cost, highly efficient, and widely applicable. Concurrently, developing highly sensitive and selective methods for analyzing the remediation efficiency of these materials is important as low concentrations of industrial contaminants can cause severe health problems in humans. The focus of this review is current progress in advanced cellulose materials for treatment of industrially‐contaminated wastewater, particularly that which contains dyes, heavy metals, and petrochemicals, and the development of ultrasensitive technologies such as photothermal spectroscopy (PTS) and photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) for pollutant detection.