bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Pressure Homogenization: Simplified Drop Deformation Estimate during Transition through Orifices
Authors: Walzel Peter E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe breakup process of primary drops during transition through slots or small openings has been examined frequently in the past. Recent experiments show strong influence of the dispersed‐phase viscosity on the deformation of drops at the inlet of orifices that cannot be explained by the equilibrium approach based on capillary numbers or viscosity ratios only. It is necessary to account for the strongly transient character of the process. A quantitative treatment of this behavior based on relationships from the literature and executed with feasible numerical effort is presented. It is shown that the course of the extension rate of the flow and all properties of the system have a major influence on the drop deformation in front of the orifice. The threadlike deformed drops are precursors for the subsequent breakup process downstream.
Graphene Oxide Wrapped SiO2/TiO2 Hollow Nanoparticles Loaded with Photosensitizer for Photothermal and Photodynamic Combination Therapy
Authors: Jang Yoonsun , Kim Sojin , Lee Seungae , Yoon Chang‐Min , Lee Inkyu , Jang Jyongsik 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) enwrapped SiO2/TiO2 hollow nanoparticles (GO‐HNP) are synthesized by the Stöber method and used as a nanocarrier for loading protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The synthesized nanoparticle has high dispersibility and high uniformity in diameter (ca. 50 nm). Furthermore, this nanoparticle shows λ=808 nm laser induced PpIX release properties (photoinduced “on–off” drug‐release system). GO‐HNP‐PpIX is employed for inducing both photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The synergic effect of PTT and PDT exhibits powerful anticancer properties. When cancer cells are treated with GO‐HNP‐PpIX and irradiated with both visible light and a NIR laser, the cell viability drops dramatically to 2.5 %, which is an anticancer effect approximately 13 times higher than that obtained in a previous study. Moreover, no significant cell damage has been observed under λ=808 nm laser irradiation. The GO‐HNP‐PpIX system suggests an external stimuli‐responsive efficient anticancer treatment effect toward human breast cancer cells.
Exergetische Bewertung von Rohstoffen am Beispiel von Kupfer
Authors: Simon Franz‐Georg , Holm Olaf 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFür die Herstellung von Kupfer aus Primär‐ und Sekundärressourcen wurde eine Exergieanalyse der Aufbereitungs‐ und Gewinnungsverfahren durchgeführt. Für die Stoffgemische Kupfererz, Kupferkonzentrat und Hausmüllverbrennungsasche wurden die Exergien tabellarisch berechnet. Die Exergieaufwände der technischen Prozesse zur Kupferherstellung wurden mit den thermodynamisch minimal notwendigen Aufwänden verglichen. Die Nutzung von Sekundärrohstoffen aus Abfällen ist über weite Bereiche vorteilhaft, insb. wenn das Kupfer bereits in der metallischen Form vorliegt.
Gewinnung von Indium aus extrem verdünnten Lösungen
Authors: Vostal Radek , Šingliar Ute , Fröhlich Peter 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDer Bedarf an Indium steigt mit dem Wachstum der Elektronikbranche, in der es vorwiegend eingesetzt wird. Daher wurde anhand einer Modelllösung, die in ihrer wesentlichen Zusammensetzung dem Erz Sphalerit entsprach, ein mehrstufiges Extraktionsverfahren zur Gewinnung von Indium entwickelt. Die ursprünglich sehr niedrige Indiumkonzentration in der Lösung wurde durch mehrere aufeinanderfolgende Extraktions‐ und Reextraktionsschritte deutlich erhöht. Das vorgestellte Verfahren zeichnet sich durch einen geringen Chemikalienbedarf und eine hohe Reinheit des gewonnenen Indiumoxids aus.
Facile Fabrication of Ultralow‐Density Transparent Boehmite Nanofiber Cryogel Beads and Their Application to a Nanoglue
Authors: Hayase Gen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUltralow‐density transparent porous bulk materials with densities of 5 mg cm−3 or less have only been obtained by supercritical drying. In this work, a simple method is reported for obtaining ultralow‐density transparent porous beads with a diameter of several millimeters. In the method, a boehmite nanofiber dispersion (BNF sol) is dripped directly into liquid nitrogen and the beads are vacuum‐dried. Normally, porous materials obtained via freeze drying exhibit strong light scattering due to structural nonuniformity and are not transparent. However, using dilute BNF as a skeleton structure suppressed the inhomogeneity due to aggregation during the dispersion medium crystallization. The lowest bulk density of the cryogel was 1.1 mg cm−3, and the visible light transmittance reached 90 %. By dispersing functional materials into the BNF sol before freezing, composite materials were obtained. The facile method can be expected to develop the field of functional porous materials.
How Size Determines the Value of Gold: Economic Aspects of Wet Chemical and Laser‐Based Metal Colloid Synthesis
Authors: Jendrzej Sandra , Gökce Bilal , Epple Matthias , Barcikowski Stephan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGold is one of the most valuable materials, and its monetary value is enhanced by size reduction from bullions to colloidal nanoparticles by a factor of 450. Wet‐chemical reduction with subsequent centrifugation and pulsed laser ablation in liquids are frequently used for pure colloidal gold synthesis. Both methods provide similar physicochemical nanoparticle properties, but are very different synthesis techniques. However, the costs inherent to these methods are surprisingly seldom discussed. Both methods have in common that the labor effort poses the majority of synthesis costs. Besides an increase in batch size and mass concentration, especially an increase of the nanoparticle productivity via higher laser power and centrifugation capacity reduces synthesis costs if pilot‐ or industrial‐scale applications are intended. In this case, laser‐based synthesis is more economical if its productivity exceeds a break‐even value of 550 mg h−1, where the costs arising are limited by the metal costs. In contrast to industrial scale production, wet‐chemical synthesis is more feasible for laboratory‐scale applications, especially if the advantageous nanoparticle properties provided by laser ablation in liquids are not needed.
A self‐adaptive load‐dispatching control framework for device data accessing in IoT‐based systems
Authors: Wang Jun , Yin Haibing , Fu Yongfeng , Yang Xiaokang 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe Internet of things (IoT) information system plays important roles in disposing of huge volumes of real‐time service requests from heterogeneous devices, targeting for different complex application requirements. Load‐dispatching control (LDC) is a key problem to be solved for devices accessing concurrently in cluster systems. Self‐adaptive LDC optimizes the resource allocation to ensure no overloading node, thus, improving the performance of IoT systems. This paper focuses on adaptive dispatching control problem in IoT information system. First, a device data access platform is proposed for reducing the load imbalance and improving the efficiency of data processing. Then, we propose a processing capability prediction model to evaluate the system performance. On the basis of the model, we present a practical self‐adaptive LDC framework with a self‐adaptive control strategy and a load dispatching method. Finally, a case study is given to verify the framework and the control strategy. Experimental results show that the proposed strategy can meet the requirements of dynamic load balancing with the ability to avoid the load imbalance problem, and the LDC‐based device access platform can process data accessing effectively and ubiquitously.
Joint interference coordination approach in femtocell networks for QoS performance optimization
Authors: Wang Jiao , Weitzen Jay , Bayat Oguz , Sevindik Volkan , Li Mingzhe 
Published: January 2017

SummaryFuture heterogeneous networks with dense cell deployment may cause high intercell interference. A number of interference coordination (IC) approaches have been proposed to reduce intercell interference. For dense small‐cell deployment with high intercell interference between cells, traditional forward link IC approaches intended to improve edge user throughput for best effort traffic (ie, file transfer protocol download), may not necessarily improve quality of service performance for delay‐sensitive traffic such as voice over long‐term evolution traffic. This study proposes a dynamic, centralized joint IC approach to improve forward link performance for delay‐sensitive traffic on densely deployed enterprise‐wide long‐term evolution femtocell networks. This approach uses a 2‐level scheme: central and femtocell. At the central level, the algorithm aims to maximize network utility (the utility‐based approach) and minimize network outage (the graphic‐based approach) by partitioning the network into clusters and conducting an exhaustive search for optimized resource allocation solutions among femtocells (femto access points) within each cluster. At the femtocell level, in contrast, the algorithm uses existing static approaches, such as conventional frequency reuse (ReUse3) or soft frequency reuse (SFR) to further improve user equipment quality of service performance. This combined approach uses utility‐ and graphic‐based SFR and ReUse3 (USFR/GSFR and UReUse3/GReUse3, respectively). The cell and edge user throughput of best effort traffic and the packet loss rate of voice over long‐term evolution traffic have been characterized and compared using both the proposed and traditional IC approaches.
Extension of Mathematical Models Taking Temperature Variation in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors into Consideration
Authors: NAKATSUGAWA JUNNOSUKE , IWAJI YOSHITAKA , ENOMOTO YUJI 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYWe have developed novel mathematical models of d‐axis and q‐axis magnetic fluxes ϕd and ϕq for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The models can be used to approximate magnetic characteristics using simple fractional equations with id and iq as variables. They include eight constants, and some of them represent the degree of magnetic saturation and cross‐coupling. However, the magnetic characteristics are varied with the temperature rise in PMSMs, which are dependent on the load torque and motor speed. In this paper, the characteristics of the eight constants that vary with the motor temperature and the residual flux density Br are shown. Further, we propose to extend the mathematical models by considering the temperature and Br variation.
Electrochemical Determination of the Antioxidant Activity in Echinacea Purpurea Roots Using Square Wave Voltammetry
Authors: Newair Emad F. , Abdel‐Hamid Refat , Kilmartin Paul A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA simple and rapid electrochemical method was established to quantify the total polyphenol (TP) content and assess their antioxidant activity (AA) in roots of three Echinacea purpurea (E. purpurea) species using square wave voltammetry (SWV). Individual polyphenol components were identified, and then quantified by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometery (UPLC‐MS). Two major polyphenols, chicoric (ChA) and caftaric (CFT) acids, were identified by mass spectroscopy in the extract of E. purpurea samples. The Accuracy of the proposed SWV electrochemical method for TP content and AA analysis was validated by the highly sensitive UPLC‐MS technique and standard ABTS method, respectively. A high correlation was noticed between the results, indicating the high sensitivity and reliability of the proposed SWV method for polyphenols analysis and AA evaluation in natural herbal samples.
Organic Solar Modules: Fully Doctor Bladed on Glass in Air
Authors: Koppitz Manuel , Hesse Nicolas , Landerer Dominik , Graf von Reventlow Lorenz , Wegner Eduard , Czolk Jens , Colsmann Alexander 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFor future integration into building facades or overhead glazing, the direct deposition of organic solar modules on glass substrates in sheet‐to‐sheet processes may be more cost efficient than postproduction lamination. Complying with the special requirements for the deposition of the layer stack on glass substrates, we report on all‐doctor‐bladed organic solar modules yielding power conversion efficiencies of 4.5 and 3.6 % on photoactive areas of 1 and 20 cm2, respectively. The bottom electrode is doctor bladed from a silver ink atop an adhesion enhancing primer. The top electrode is applied from silver nanowires, dispersed in poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), which thereby avoids any visible bus bars and reduces shading of the active layer. Importantly, all layers are deposited under ambient conditions by using only non‐chlorinated, eco‐compatible solvents.
Simulating earthquake evacuation using human behavior models
Authors: Cimellaro Gian Paolo , Ozzello Fabrizio , Vallero Alessio , Mahin Stephen , Shao Benshun 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIn classical earthquake risk assessment, the human behavior is actually not taken into account in risk assessment. Agent‐based modeling is a simulation technique that has been applied recently in several fields, such as emergency evacuation. The paper is proposing a methodology that includes in agent‐based models the human behavior, considering the anxiety effects generated by the crowd and their influence on the evacuation delays. The proposed model is able to take into account the interdependency between the earthquake evacuation process, and the corresponding damage of structural and non‐structural components that is expressed in term of fragility curves. The software REPAST HPC has been used to implement the model, and as a case study, the earthquake evacuation by a mall located in Oakland has been used. The human behavior model has been calibrated through a survey using a miscellaneous sample from different countries. The model can be used to test future scenarios and help local authorities in situations where the human behavior plays a key role. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steric effects on complexation of bis(meta‐phenylene)‐32‐crown‐10 derivatives with paraquats
Authors: Niu Zhenbin , Huang Feihe , Gibson Harry W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNovel 5,5′‐disubstituted BMP32C10 derivatives bearing different sized substituents were designed and prepared. The stoichiometries and complexation behavior between these hosts and paraquats were studied. It was found that bulky 5,5′‐substituents disfavor complexation with paraquats by hindering the formation of [2]pseudorotaxane and “taco” complexes.
Mineralization of “non‐metabolizable” glucose analogues in soil: potential chemosensory mimics of glucose
Authors: Mason-Jones Kyle , Gilmullina Aliia , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGlucose is widely used to study the dynamics of easily available organics in soil. Pure culture studies have revealed that many microorganisms can sense and respond to glucose through chemosensory mechanisms that are not directly reliant on energy catabolism. However, the rapid mineralization of glucose by microorganisms makes it difficult to disentangle its energy effects from such non‐catabolic interactions. “Non‐metabolizable” glucose analogues have proven useful in mechanistic studies of glucose in pure culture, but have never been applied to complex microbial communities in soil. We sought to determine how their mineralization in soil differs from that of glucose, and whether they have potential as a new approach for investigating chemosensory mechanisms in soil microbiology.We incubated soil from an agricultural Haplic Luvisol under controlled conditions for 24 d and monitored CO2 efflux after addition of (1) glucose, and three “non‐metabolizable” glucose analogues: (2) 2‐deoxyglucose (DG), (3) α‐methylglucoside (αMG), and (4) 3‐O‐methyl‐glucose (OMG), at three concentration levels, along with a control.All three analogues did in fact produce a large increase in soil CO2 efflux, but the dynamics of their mineralization differed from the rapid degradation seen for glucose. At medium and high concentrations, CO2 efflux peaked between 2.5 and 4 d after amendment with DG and αMG, and was delayed by about one week for OMG.The markedly different patterns of mineralization between glucose and OMG offer a new tool for investigating the behavior of glucose in soil. By using OMG as a glucose model, chemosensory mechanisms could be studied with limited interference from energy catabolism.
The role of antioxidative metabolism of tomato leaves in long‐term salt‐stress response
Authors: Koleška Ivana , Hasanagić Dino , Maksimović Ivana , Bosančić Borut , Kukavica Biljana 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe antioxidative protection system as adaptation strategy to high soil salinity in the leaves of two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) hybrids (Buran F1 and Berberana F1) was investigated. Changes in the activity of superoxide‐dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), as well as total and oxidized ascorbate concentrations (AA and DHA) in the plant leaves subjected to three salinity levels (EC 3.80 dS m−1, 6.95 dS m−1, and 9.12 dS m−1) relative to non‐saline control were analyzed during the fruiting phase. The obtained results clearly indicate a relation between SOD activity and AA concentration in the antioxidative protection without any peroxidase‐related H2O2 detoxification. Increased SOD activity accompanied by high AA concentration was noticed at all salinity levels, but the response of hybrids was specific for the particular salt concentration. The first salinity level (EC 3.80 dS m−1) induced the highest level of AA in the Buran F1 (70%), while in Berberana F1 hybrid leaves the highest AA concentration (64%) was noticed at the third salinity level (9.12 dS m−1). All salinity levels caused a decline in POD and APX activities in both hybrids. The possibility of a predominant role of ascorbate and SOD in the antioxidative protection of mature tomato leaves under long‐term salt stress is discussed.
Female wild turkey habitat selection in mixed forest‐agricultural landscapes
Authors: Pollentier Christopher D. , Lutz R. Scott , Drake David 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTGradual changes in agricultural and landscape management practices have led to growing uncertainty regarding eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) habitat management in contemporary landscapes in the midwestern United States. Nesting and brood‐rearing success during spring often influence turkey population trajectories, and a better understanding of habitat selection during this period would identify potential habitat characteristics that have the greatest influence on turkey population management objectives. We evaluated spring (8 Apr–24 Jul) habitat selection of 89 radio‐marked female wild turkeys across 4 study areas (2 forest‐dominated, and 2 agricultural) in southwest and west‐central Wisconsin, USA, 2010–2011. We investigated habitat selection at 3 hierarchical spatial scales: study areas, within spring areas of use (SAUs), and within 200 m of nest sites. We obtained 3,605 radio‐telemetry relocations ( = 30.8 ± 0.51 [SE] locations/turkey) and monitored 79 nesting attempts. In both landscapes, female turkeys selected edges, and in forested landscapes females selected for deciduous forests with numerous and dispersed forest openings. Female turkeys generally established SAUs where an even mixture of forest and open‐herbaceous cover was available. Telemetry locations within SAUs indicated female turkeys selected land cover types in proportion to availability (Ŝi = 1), but selection of specific cover types was variable within and among study areas. At the nest site scale, amount of forest‐field edge was greater within 200 m of nest sites ( = 62.2 m/ha) compared to random locations ( = 48.3 m/ha). Coarse measures of forest and open‐agricultural cover were useful in identifying habitat selection trends by female turkeys across hierarchical scales. Our results suggest that proportion and configuration of forest and open‐agricultural cover are essential components of female turkey habitat, and forest‐field edge further plays an important role in nest site selection. We suggest conservation efforts focus on ensuring available usable space through maintaining upland deciduous woodlands or providing herbaceous fields in varying degrees of succession when managing for wild turkey populations in mixed forest‐agricultural landscapes. Adaptability of wild turkeys indicates the importance of multi‐scale habitat evaluation prior to implementing habitat management strategies. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Complications and parent satisfaction in pediatric osseointegrated bone‐conduction hearing implants
Authors: Chan Kenny H. , Gao Dexiang , Jensen Emily L. , Allen Gregory C. , Cass Stephen P. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo assess long‐term complication rate and parental satisfaction of osseointegrated bone conduction hearing implants (OBCHIs).Study DesignRetrospective chart review of children undergoing OBCHIs.MethodsA retrospective chart review of children undergoing OBCHIs for the treatment of conductive, mixed, and single‐sided sensorineural hearing loss in children.ResultsForty‐five subjects were identified with 0.3 to 10.4 years of follow‐up. The mean/median age and age range at implant were 9.0/7.8 and 1.7 to 19.1 years. The underlying hearing loss for the cohort included conductive (N = 30), sensorineural (N = 7), and mixed (N = 8) hearing loss. Conductive hearing loss, caused by aural atresia (62.9), was the most common indication for implantation. Fifty‐eight complications occurred in 29 subjects, most related to skin infection or overgrowth. Seventeen events required revision surgery, and 18 required oral antibiotics and/or office‐based cauterization. Children under the age of 5 years were more likely to have failure of osseointegration or require revision surgery. Parents of 33 subjects underwent a phone interview; 76% rated the overall satisfaction as satisfied or very satisfied.ConclusionA large percentage of children undergoing OBCHI develop postoperative complications, and up to 44% require revision surgery—a figure higher than generally reported and higher than in adults. No factors were found to adequately explain the higher complication rates in children compared to adults. Despite the occurrence of complications, parents viewed this device as satisfactory from many perspectives.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:2165–2170, 2017