bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric dermatophyte onychomycosis: a review
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Taylor Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent studies have reported an increase in pediatric onychomycosis prevalence worldwide, suggesting that this population may be increasingly affected by the infection. A summary of the epidemiological impact, antifungal treatment options, special considerations for at‐risk subpopulations, and methods to prevent infection and recurrence are discussed. A systematic review of available epidemiological studies found the worldwide prevalence of culture‐confirmed pediatric toenail onychomycosis to be 0.33%, with no significant increases in prevalence over time. A systematic review of studies investigating the efficacy of various antifungals in treating pediatric onychomycosis found high cure rates and low frequency of adverse events with systemic itraconazole and terbinafine; however, the studies are few, dated, and lack impact because of small sample sizes. Comparatively, clinical trials implementing FDA‐approved topical antifungal treatments report slightly reduced cure rates with larger sample sizes. Patients with immunity‐altering conditions, such as Down's syndrome, or those immunosuppressed because of chemotherapy or HIV/AIDS are at a greater risk of onychomycosis infection and require special consideration with treatment. Proper sanitization and hygiene practices are necessary to reduce the risk of acquiring infection. Early diagnosis and treatment of onychomycosis in children, as well as any affected close contacts, are crucial in reducing the impact of the disease.
Effect of different precooling methods on the physicochemical changes, water migration and myofibrillar protein characteristics of pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) during cold storage
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Chi , Mei Jun , Xie Jing 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of slurry ice (SI) in physicochemical changes, water migration, myofibrillar protein characterisation, and extended shelf life during cold storage of pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus). SI provided faster cooling rate, better structural stability of muscle tissue, and a significant reduction in total viable count (TVC). In addition, the use of SI treatment resulted in a considerable reduction in total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) and pH. The results of the texture profile analysis (TPA) demonstrated that SI had a significant inhibitory effect on the reduction of hardness, springiness, resilience, and chewiness. In addition, SI treatment better maintained a well‐structured myofibrillar protein stabilising the tertiary structure. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that SI treatment could retard the water migration. Furthermore, the results of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that SI treatment of pufferfish effectively slowed down the degradation of their myofibrillar protein fraction throughout the cold storage.
Chirality differences of three borneols contribute to controlling Escherichia coli biofilm formation by chemotaxis mediating movement
Authors: Cai Xinyu , Zhou Yingning , Fan Penghui , Ma Lin , Su Jianyu 
Published: September 2024

SummaryEscherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm is the major cause of its high lethality in foodborne illness. Controlling E. coli biofilm formation is a critical way to reduce foodborne diseases. Here, chiral borneol isomers (L‐borneol, D‐borneol, and isoborneol) were identified as E. coli chemorepellents, which reduced reversible adhesion at the initial stage of biofilm formation. Borneols directly inhibited biofilm production and their inhibitory capacities were associated with the chiral stereochemical structures (L‐borneol > D‐borneol > isoborneol). A transcriptomic study revealed the inhibitory mechanism of borneols was attributed to the bacterial motility intention and motility energy system. The most effective isomer, L‐borneol, reduced bacterial energy metabolism and increased E. coli chemotaxis motility intention through the up‐regulation of genes associated with flagellar assembly and bacterial chemotaxis pathways. This work demonstrates that borneols are biofilm inhibitors and supports the potential of borneols as a stereochemical antimicrobial strategy to reduce foodborne pathogenic bacterial contamination.
Effects of fortified electrolyte drink on cognitive, mood, and nutritional parameters: a randomised, single‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Wong Zhi Qi , Yap Shing Luo , Wong Tak Hiong , Tsai Meng‐Che , Tan Seok Tyug , Tan Seok Shin , Tan Chin Xuan 
Published: September 2024

SummaryElectrolyte drinks contain charged minerals and are easily accessible in the market. It has become popular for the food and beverage industry to add nutrients and/or active ingredients to electrolyte drinks and market them as functional beverages. This study aims to determine the interactive effects of electrolyte drinks added caffeine, glucose, and B‐group vitamins (FED) on cognitive, mood index, and nutritional parameters. A total of 34 university students participated in this randomised, single‐blind, and placebo‐controlled study. Participants in the intervention group consumed 500 mL of FED, while participants in the control group consumed 500 mL of an electrolyte drink (ED). Baseline and post‐intervention data on cognitive performance, mood index, blood glucose, blood pressure, heart rate, and urine specific gravity were measured. Results indicated no significant differences (P > 0.05) in post‐intervention cognitive performance scores for simple reaction time, choice reaction time, verbal paired associates, visual paired associates, and digit symbol matching between the FED and ED groups. Levels of fatigue, confusion, and total mood disturbance (TMD) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by 46.50%, 62.75%, and 9.54%, respectively, following FED consumption. Post‐intervention data indicated no differences between the FED and ED groups in blood pressure, heart rate, and urine specific gravity, except for the blood glucose parameter, in which the blood glucose level of the FED group was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of the ED group. This study indicates that FED consumed in a realistic dose can reduce fatigue, confusion, and TMD. Further studies with a higher caffeine dosage, but within the safe range, could be conducted to investigate the cognitive enhancement potential of FED.
Efficient CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis
Authors: Dayton Jacob N. , Tran Tammy T. , Saint‐Denis Elisa , Dopman Erik B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) is an agricultural pest and burgeoning model for research on speciation, seasonal adaptation and insect resistance management. Although previous work in O. nubilalis has identified genes associated with differences in life cycle, reproduction, and resistance to Bt toxins, the general lack of a robust gene‐editing protocol for O. nubilalis has been a barrier to functional validation of candidate genes. Here, we demonstrate an efficient and practical methodology for heritable gene mutagenesis in O. nubilalis using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. Precise loss‐of‐function (LOF) mutations were generated at two circadian clock genes, period (per) and pigment‐dispersing factor receptor (pdfr), and a developmental gene, prothoracicotropic hormone (ptth). Precluding the need for a visible genetic marker, gene‐editing efficiency remained high across different single guide RNAs (sgRNA) and germline transmission of mutations to F1 offspring approached 100%. When single or dual sgRNAs were injected at a high concentration, gene‐specific phenotypic differences in behaviour and development were identified in F0 mutants. Specifically, F0 gene mutants demonstrated that PER, but not PDFR, is essential for normal timing of eclosion. PTTH F0 mutants were significantly heavier and exhibited a higher incidence of diapause. This work will accelerate future studies of gene function in O. nubilalis and facilitate the development of similar screens in other Lepidopteran and non‐model insects.
The “Smile Design and Space” Concept for Altering Vertical Dimension of Occlusion and Esthetic Restorative Material Selection
Authors: Lassmann Łukasz , Calamita Marcelo A. , Blatz Markus B. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis article introduces the smile design and space (SDS) concept for managing the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) in full‐mouth reconstructions and its influence on the selection of esthetic restorative materials. Limitations of traditional VDO adjustment methods are being addressed through a facially driven treatment approach that enhances esthetics improves function and minimizes invasiveness.Clinical ConsiderationsThe SDS concept involves detailed evaluations of the incisal edges of the maxillary central incisors in relation to the upper lip at rest and at full smile. This includes analyzing variations in incisal exposure due to differing lip mobility, which can significantly impact gingival esthetics, particularly in cases with gingival exposure during smiling. The concept employs a strategic formula to determine the necessary alterations in VDO based on specific dental relationships and wear patterns.ConclusionsThe SDS concept provides guidelines for full‐mouth reconstructions, emphasizing minimal invasiveness and the integration of esthetics with functional dynamics to enhance the predictability of clinical outcomes and reduce complications associated with traditional restoration techniques.Clinical SignificanceThe SDS concept enhances the precision of full‐mouth reconstructions through individualized adjustment of the VDO, tailored to the esthetic and functional requirements of each patient.
Dexmedetomidine for agitation in dementia: Current data and future direction
Authors: Murphy Kayla S. , Golden Julia C. , Tampi Rajesh R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence and prevalence of dementia, and thus dementia‐related behavioral and psychological symptoms, are increasing significantly. Currently, there are limited safe and efficacious options for treating these symptoms. Dexmedetomidine has been used for agitation related to delirium and showed significant benefit in prior studies. This raises the question whether dexmedetomidine could also provide a safe and effective treatment for BPSD, including agitation related to dementia.MethodsOur team searched PubMed, Cochrane Database, and Ovid with the terms dexmedetomidine and dementia. Only studies published in English language journals, or with official English language translations, and human studies were included. All reports of dexmedetomidine for dementia were included regardless of study type.ResultsNo completed studies on dexmedetomidine for agitation in dementia were identified. The TRANQUILITY study is in progress, although results are yet to be published.ConclusionDexmedetomidine has shown benefit for hospital delirium and for agitation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, there are no completed studies published on dexmedetomidine for agitation in dementia. Controlled studies with larger sample sizes are needed to assess the efficacy, safety, and the best route of administration for this drug in managing BPSD including agitation.
Trifold origin of the reptilian ear ossicle and its relation to the evolutionary modification of the temporal skull region
Authors: Werneburg Ingmar , Bronzati Mario 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhereas mammals are characterized by the presence of three middle ear ossicles, reptiles have only one, the columella (stapes). Nevertheless, there is a great diversity of columellar anatomy among sauropsids, especially in the unique and cartilaginous “extracolumella”‐portion. Molecular studies revealed the “columella” of chicken and quails to be formed within the second pharyngeal arch, although conflicting evidence exists for the columellar footplate and distal parts of the columella in these birds. We studied columellar development in four turtles, one lizard, and one caiman species and argue, using early blastematous stages, that, distally, the so‐called “extracolumella” in turtles is mainly of quadrate, that is, first pharyngeal arch origin. Differently, the dorsal aspect of the “extracolumella” of the lizard and a part of the “dorsal columella process” of the caiman are likely quadrate‐derived. This indicates only a partial homology of the distal columellar compartments among reptiles. Moreover, we observed in most species that, at early stages, the footplate differentiates from the otic capsule, which confirms widespread experimental findings of mesodermal cells contributing to the proximal part of the columella. We provide a hypothetical framework for the changes in the columella and quadrate morphology in reptilian evolution. Originally, as evidenced by the fossil record, the columella served as a stabilizing brace between the quadrate and braincase. Associated with changes in the feeding mode of late Permian taxa, the quadrate was integrated along the stress flows from biting, and in early development part of the quadrate differentiated to differently contribute to the distal part of the “columella‐complex,” which now contacts the tympanic membrane. In addition, part of the original otic capsule contributes to the footplate of the mobile columella, providing a connection with the inner ear.
A Comparative Study on the Application of Robotic Hair Restoration Technology Versus Traditional Follicular Unit Excision in Male Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Zhu Yifei , Yang Kai , Lin Jui‐Ming , Ni Chunya , Zhang Yue , Li Zheng , Liu Qingmei , Zhou Yinghui , Lin Jinran , Wu Wenyu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe robotic hair transplant technology, ARTAS, has a series of fine mechanical structure and an intelligent recognition system that allows it to independently select hair follicular units (FUs) and effectively harvest hair. After entering China in 2016, ARTAS has attracted the attention of hair transplant surgeons and hair loss patients given its advantages in a short learning curve and simple operation.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety between the ARTAS system and follicular unit excision (FUE) in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and to further promote the improvement and upgrading of ARTAS technology concerning hair transplantation.MethodsThirteen Chinese male patients with Norwood–Hamilton II–IV AGA aged 25–35 years were enrolled in this study. The donor site of each patient was randomly divided into left and right regions, receiving ARTAS on one side and FUE on the other. Yield, transection, and discard rates of hair FUs from both sides were compared. Safety of the procedures in whole, as well as follow‐up results were investigated and evaluated.ResultsThe total yield rate on the ARTAS side was lower than on the FUE side (82.05% vs. 90.03%, p > 0.05); the total discard rate on the ARTAS side was higher than on the FUE side (10.71% vs. 5.46%, p < 0.05); the total transection rate on the ARTAS side was lower than on the FUE side (13.17% vs. 13.96%, p > 0.05). No significant difference was found in patient satisfaction (efficacy), and no side effects or complications were detected during or after all surgeries.ConclusionThe current iteration of Robotic hair transplant technology is effective and safe, and can be recommended for AGA hair transplantation surgery.
Diagnosis of high‐speed railway ballastless track arching based on unsupervised learning framework
Authors: Tang Xueyang , Wang Yi , Cai Xiaopei , Yang Fei , Hou Yue 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVehicle‐mounted detection methods have been widely applied in the maintenance of high‐speed railways (HSRs), providing feasibility for diagnosing ballastless track arching. However, applying detection data faces several key limitations: (1) The threshold mostly requires manual setting, making recognition accuracy highly subjective; (2) the extensive workload of manual inspections makes it challenging to label detection data, hindering the application of supervised learning approaches. To address these problems, this paper utilizes the longitudinal level irregularity data obtained from vehicle‐mounted detection, employing the concept of unsupervised learning for dimensionality reduction, combined with clustering algorithms and minimal label fine‐tuning, to design two frameworks: the fully unsupervised framework (FUF) and the few‐shot fine‐tuned framework (FFF). Experiments on dynamic detection data from a Chinese HSR line were conducted, comparing the performance of data dimensionality reduction, clustering, and classification under different strategy combinations. The results show that the improved variational autoencoder significantly enhances the performance of the encoder in dimensionality reduction, facilitating better feature extraction; the FUF achieves effective clustering outcomes without any labeled samples and its adjusted rand index score exceeded 0.8, showcasing its robustness and applicability in scenarios with no prior annotations; the FFF requires only a small number of labeled samples (labeling ratio of 5%) and achieves excellent performance, with metrics such as accuracy exceeding 0.85, thus greatly reducing the reliance on labeled data. This study offers a novel method for solving engineering issues with limited labeled data, providing an efficient solution for identifying track arching defects and advancing railway infrastructure monitoring.
Strategies for minimizing muscle loss during use of incretin‐mimetic drugs for treatment of obesity
Authors: Mechanick Jeffrey I. , Butsch W. Scott , Christensen Sandra M. , Hamdy Osama , Li Zhaoping , Prado Carla M. , Heymsfield Steven B. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe rapid and widespread clinical adoption of highly effective incretin‐mimetic drugs (IMDs), particularly semaglutide and tirzepatide, for the treatment of obesity has outpaced the updating of clinical practice guidelines. Consequently, many patients may be at risk for adverse effects and uncertain long‐term outcomes related to the use of these drugs. Of emerging concern is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that can accompany rapid substantial weight reduction; such losses can lead to reduced functional and metabolic health, weight cycling, compromised quality of life, and other adverse outcomes. Available evidence suggests that clinical trial participants receiving IMDs for the treatment of obesity lost 10% or more of their muscle mass during the 68‐ to 72‐week interventions, approximately equivalent to 20 years of age‐related muscle loss. The ability to maintain muscle mass during caloric restriction‐induced weight reduction is influenced by two key factors: nutrition and physical exercise. Nutrition therapy should ensure adequate intake and absorption of high‐quality protein and micronutrients, which may require the use of oral nutritional supplements. Additionally, concurrent physical activity, especially resistance training, has been shown to effectively minimize loss of muscle mass and function during weight reduction therapy. All patients receiving IMDs for obesity should participate in comprehensive treatment programs emphasizing adequate protein and micronutrient intakes, as well as resistance training, to preserve muscle mass and function, maximize the benefit of IMD therapy, and minimize potential risks.
Local Regulatory Changes of HSD11B1 and NR3C1 in the Follicular and Luteal Tissue During Experimentally Induced Ovulation in the Cow
Authors: Berisha Bajram , Pfaffl Michael W. , Thaqi Granit 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe objective of the study was to characterise the expression patterns of the two key components of cortisol action namely HSD11B1 (11‐beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1) and NR3C1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1, also known as the glucocorticoid receptor) in superovulation induced bovine follicles during the periovulation and subsequent corpus luteum (CL) formation. Bovine ovaries containing preovulatory follicles or CL were timely defined during induced ovulation as follows: 0 h before GnRH (Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone) application, and 4, 10, 20, 25 (follicles) and 60 h (early CL) after GnRH. The low mRNA expression of HSD11B1 and NR3C1 in the follicle group before the GnRH application increased significantly in the follicle group 20 h after GnRH and remained high afterward also in the early CL group. In contrast, the high NR3C1 mRNA decreased in follicles 25 h after GnRH (close to ovulation) and significantly increased again after ovulation (early CL). Our results indicated the involvement of HSD11B1 and NR3C1 as the two key components of cortisol action in the local mechanisms coordinating final follicle maturation, ovulation, follicular‐luteal transition and CL development in the cow.
LncRNA SLNCR1 facilitates angiogenesis and tumor growth in melanoma via DNMT1‐mediated epigenetically silencing SPRY2
Authors: Li Ke , Wu Lijun , Jiang Jingting 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe malignancy of melanoma is attributed to its pronounced invasiveness, extensive vascularization, and rapid tumor cell growth and metastasis. LncRNA SLNCR1 is closely associated with a variety of aggressive tumors. However, our understanding of SLNCR1 influences on malignant melanoma growth metastasis mechanism especially proangiogenic mechanism remains unclear.MethodsThe expression of SLNCR1 was evaluated in melanoma tissues, adjacent tissues, melanoma cell lines. The abilities of SLNCR1 on proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HUVECs were detected by CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and Western blot assays. The association between SLNCR1, DNMT1, and SPRY2 was assessed by ChIP, RIP, and Western blot assays. The effect of SLNCR1 on tumor growth was determined using a xenograft model in nude mice.ResultsSLNCR1 was confirmed to be highly expressed in melanoma tissues and cells. CM from melanoma cells transfected with sh‐SLNCR1 attenuated proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HUVECs. Moreover, loss of SLNCR1 hindered tumor growth and metastasis, as evidenced by reduced tumor size and weight, as well as angiogenesis. Mechanistic studies revealed that SLNCR1 silenced SPRY2 expression, likely through enhancing DNMT1‐mediated DNA methylation of SPRY2 promoter.ConclusionSLNCR1 is an oncogene that interacts with DNMT1 to mediate SPRY2 methylation, thereby suppressing SPRY2 expression and promoting the angiogenesis and tumor growth in melanoma. SLNCR1 may serve as a potential target for melanoma treatment.