bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of a simple self‐administered joint condition assessment sheet to predict the need for orthopaedic intervention in the management of haemophilic arthropathy
Authors: Masaoka T. , Amano K. , Takedani H. , Suzuki T. , Otaki M. , Seita I. , Tateiwa T. , Shishido T. , Yamamoto K. , Fukutake K. 
Published: December 2016

IntroductionDetecting signs of joint deterioration is important for early effective orthopaedic intervention in managing haemophilic arthropathy.AimWe developed a simple, patient self‐administered sheet to evaluate the joint condition, and assessed the predictive ability of this assessment sheet for the need for an orthopaedic intervention.MethodsThis was a single‐centre, cross‐sectional study. The association between the score of each of the four items of the assessment sheet (bleeding, swelling, pain and physical impairment) and the results of radiological findings and physical examinations based on Haemophilia Joint Health Score 2.1 was assessed. An optimal scoring system was explored by the area under the curve (AUC). The cut‐off value for the need for surgery or physiotherapy was determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve procedure.ResultsForty‐two patients were included. The ‘physical impairment’ item showed the highest correlation coefficient with the results of radiographic and physical examinations (range: 0.57–0.76). The AUC of finally adjusted scoring indicates good ability to discriminate between patients with and without a need for orthopaedic intervention. The positive predictive value was the highest at a cut‐off value of 4 points for knees (63.0%) and ankles (70.0%), at 5 points for elbows (66.7%) and the highest predictive accuracy at the cut‐off value of 4 points for all the joints. The linear trend of the need for an orthopaedic intervention was observed with an increasing score.ConclusionThe joint condition assessment sheet can help clinicians assess the need for orthopaedic intervention for haemophilic arthropathy in Japanese patients with haemophilia.
Exploratory scoping of the literature on factors that influence oral health workforce planning and management in developing countries
Authors: Knevel RJM , Gussy MG , Farmer J 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to scope the literature that exists about factors influencing oral health workforce planning and management in developing countries (DCs).MethodsThe Arksey and O'Malley method for conducting a scoping review was used. A replicable search strategy was applied, using three databases. Factors influencing oral health workforce planning and management in DCs identified in the eligible articles were charted.FindingsFour thousand citations were identified; 41 papers were included for review. Most included papers were situational analyses. Factors identified were as follows: lack of data, focus on the restorative rather than preventive care in practitioner education, recent increase in number of dental schools (mostly private) and dentistry students, privatization of dental care services which has little impact on care maldistribution, and debates about skill mix and scope of practice. Oral health workforce management in the eligible studies has a bias towards dentist‐led systems. Due to a lack of country‐specific oral health related data in developing or least developed countries (LDCs), oral health workforce planning often relies on data and modelling from other countries.Discussion and conclusionApproaches to oral health workforce management and planning in developing or LDCs are often characterized by approaches to increase numbers of dentists, thus not ameliorating maldistribution of service accessibility. Governments appear to be reducing support for public and preventative oral healthcare, favouring growth in privatized dental services. Changes to professional education are necessary to trigger a paradigm shift to the preventive approach and to improve relationships between different oral healthcare provider roles. This needs to be premised on greater appreciation of preventive care in health systems and funding models.
CURRENCY RISK PREMIUM AND U.S. MACROECONOMIC ANNOUNCEMENT
Authors: Du Ding , Hu Ou , Zhao Xiaobing 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this article, we test whether the currency risk premium in the U.S. equity market is particularly higher on prescheduled U.S. macroeconomic announcement days. Our empirical analyses find supporting evidence. Our results help strengthen recent conditional tests on currency risk and suggest that the currency risk premium in the U.S. equity market is driven by U.S. macroeconomic conditions (e.g., U.S. monetary policy).
The Effect of Production Size and Pre‐Slaughter Time on the Carcass Parameters and Meat Quality of Slaughtered Finisher Pigs
Authors: Knecht Damian , Jankowska‐Mąkosa Anna , Duziński Kamil 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe study was designed to determine the impact of production size and pre‐slaughter time on linear parameters of pig carcasses and meat quality. The 112 finisher pigs, divided into groups of: production size (large and small scale) and pre‐slaughter time (<4 h and >4 h). Production size has the largest impact on linear measurements of pig carcasses. Finishers from large scale farms were characterized by a higher thickness of the gluteal muscles (P ≤ 0.05), lean meat content (P ≤ 0.01) and by lower backfat thickness (P ≤ 0.01). The highest impacts of production size and pre‐slaughter time were observed for color, marbling, drip loss, water holding capacity and L* parameter. The most desirable consumer parameters for pork were characterized by finisher groups from large scale farms slaughtered after over 4 h rest. The calculated correlations demonstrated relations between the line measurements of carcass and the meat quality parameters.Practical ApplicationsProduction size and pre‐slaughter time, and their interaction have a major influence on the raw material and meat quality for sale. Results of the investigation could have a potential for producing a raw material strictly suited to consumer market. Therefore, smaller slaughter plants can improve the final quality of the sold product by taking into account these factors, which means a detailed verification of suppliers and adjusting the time of slaughter.
A Behavioral Process Model of Familism
Authors: Hernández Maciel M. , Bámaca‐Colbert Mayra Y. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFamilismo, or familism, an important Latino cultural construct associated with youth adjustment, describes the importance of family regarding support, comfort, and services. Increased research on familism among Latino families in the past decade has called for a theoretical process model of familism that can guide research on familism, family processes, and youth development. In this article, we propose the behavioral process model of familism (BPMF), which identifies proximal mechanisms through which familism is expected to promote youth psychological adjustment. Specifically, we propose that parenting behaviors (e.g., monitoring, discipline strategies) are a mechanism by which parent familism relates to youth familism and psychological adjustment both directly and via their familism‐consistent behaviors. We hypothesize direct and mediated pathways in the BPMF and consider how sociodemographic variables modify the described processes.
How to Define Situated and Ever‐Transforming Family Configurations? A New Materialist Approach
Authors: Schadler Cornelia 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWithin the past few decades, the configuration “family” has included diverse living arrangements, yet traditional definitions of family persist. Accordingly, family studies scholars have discussed research strategies and theoretical approaches to define the shifting boundaries of family. In this article I propose the approach of new materialism for a contemporary definition of family that focuses on situated processes and the complex interplay of material‐discursive differentiation processes. This perspective enriches current debates on defining family by adding concepts of intracontextual posthuman practices and multilocal forms of agency to the discussion, thus allowing for a definition of family that helps make comprehensible today's ever‐transforming configurations.
Where Is Family Science in Suicide Prevention and Intervention? Theoretical Applications for a Systemic Perspective
Authors: Frey Laura M. , Hans Jason D. , Sanford Rebecca L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractResearchers have primarily examined suicide as an individual phenomenon, yet family scientists who view suicide as a family experience use multiple perspectives for examining the role of families after suicidal ideation or a nonfatal attempt. This article explores how prominent suicide theories can be used to conceptualize a family's role in suicide experiences. Three theories utilized by family scientists—human ecological theory, family systems theory, and social exchange theory—are applied to provide new conceptualizations of family reactions to suicidal behavior. Finally, potential contributions of family scientists to the field of suicidology are examined.
Health State Transitions and Longevity Effects on Retirees’ Optimal Annuitization
Authors: Ai Jing , Brockett Patrick L. , Golden Linda L. , Zhu Wei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe interplay between longevity risk and health state transitions for retirees’ optimal annuitization decisions is investigated. Using a life‐cycle framework incorporating wealth levels, bequest motives, and consumption floors created by government subsidies, we examine how increased longevity in conjunction with an individual's health state transition process impacts annuity purchase decisions. Health state transition matrices are estimated from the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) data. The effects of increased longevity on annuitization decisions are considered when longevity is both accompanied by increased time spent in healthier states (morbidity compression) or experienced by more time in unhealthy states (morbidity expansion). We find that retirees’ annuity demand is affected by wealth, initial health status, and expansion or compression of morbidity. Wealthier retirees have higher annuity demand when health shocks are considered, and increased longevity increases demand even more when retirees expect an expansion or slight morbidity compression. With health shocks and expectations of severe morbidity compression considered, the opposite effect might occur. Thus, an annuity can help retirees hedge health shock costs when slight compression or expansion of morbidity occurs. For retirees with lower wealth, the consumption floor provided by governmental subsidies will create a decreased propensity to annuitize.
WHAT DRIVES TORT REFORM LEGISLATION? AN ANALYSIS OF STATE DECISIONS TO RESTRICT LIABILITY TORTS
Authors: Deng Yiling , Zanjani George 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis article studies the timing of state‐level tort reform enactments between 1971 and 2005. Using discrete‐time hazard models, we find the level of litigation activity—as measured by incurred liability insurance losses, the number of lawyers, and tort cases commenced—to be the most important and robust determinant of tort reform adoption. Political‐institutional factors and regional effects—such as Republican control of the state government, single‐party control of the legislature and governorship, and a (relatively) conservative political ideology among a state's Democrats—are also associated with quicker reform adoption.
Development of a “living” lexicon for descriptive sensory analysis of brewed coffee
Authors: Chambers Edgar , Sanchez Karolina , Phan Uyen X. T. , Miller Rhonda , Civille Gail V. , Di Donfrancesco Brizio 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCoffee is one of the most common beverages in the world. However, a sensory lexicon for determining descriptive differences resulting from breeding, agronomic, processing, storage, and brewing modifications is needed. This study developed a sensory lexicon for brewed coffee. More than 100 different coffee samples from 14 countries around the world were used to create this lexicon in four Phases. A highly trained panel assessed all coffee samples using descriptive analysis. The sensory panel identified 110 attributes (many used both for aroma and flavor) and references. Principal component analysis was used to map the scores obtained during the validation phase. For this phase the coffee lexicon allowed the panelists to describe specific characteristics that were present in the coffee samples such as sweet, nutty and fruity notes, as well as the differentiation of notes such as burnt, smoky, astringent, acrid and bitter. The developed attributes and references were successfully used by the trained panel to describe a wide range of coffee samples. The lexicon is considered “living” because additional terms should be added as needed to expand the lexicon to include attributes that are not included here.Practical applicationsThe terminology developed during this study is clear, easy to reproduce in future research, and accompanied by reference standards that provide a guide for future studies. This lexicon will provide an important tool for the coffee industry to conduct sensory evaluation to improve the understanding of coffee quality. It is a “living” lexicon that can be added to when samples exhibit notes that were not present in the samples used for this lexicon development.
HBV/HCV co‐infection is associated with a high level of HCV spontaneous clearance among drug users and blood donors in China
Authors: Xiong H. , Rong X. , Wang M. , Xu R. , Huang K. , Liao Q. , Huang J. , Chen J. , Li C. , Tang X. , Shan Z. , Zhang M. , Nelson K. , Fu Y. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryUnderstanding the biology of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection could lead to improved strategies to prevent the sequelae associated with chronic HCV infection. Chronic infections with hepatitis virus are very common in China, but the factors associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV have not been adequately studied. We evaluated the spontaneous clearance of HCV among 1918 drug users and 1526 HCV‐seropositive blood donors in Guangzhou, China. Among participants who were co‐infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), 41.38% of drug users and 39.47% of blood donors had cleared their HCV infection without antiviral therapy compared to 9.41% of drug users and 16.73% of blood donors who were mono‐infected with a single virus (P<.01). The proportion of subjects who had cleared their HCV infection was significantly greater in the co‐infected subjects whose serum HBV DNA was greater than 2000IU/mL than those with lower levels. A multiple logistic regression analysis found female gender, IL28B rs8099917 TT genotype, HBV co‐infection and blood donors (vs drug users) associated with increased spontaneous clearance of HCV infection. Although acute HCV infections are common in China, the incidence of chronic HCV may be reduced among the high prevalence of chronic HBV and IL28B genotypes associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV in Chinese populations.
Impact of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Volume Reduction and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients with Prostate Cancer
Authors: WASHINO Satoshi , HIRAI Masaru , SAITO Kimitoshi , KOBAYASHI Yutaka , ARAI Yoshiaki , MIYAGAWA Tomoaki 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on prostate volume, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and LUTS‐related quality of life (QOL) in patients with prostate cancer.MethodsPatients with prostate cancer (PCa) were treated with goserelin and bicalutamide for 24 weeks. Changes in the total prostate volume (TPV), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and QOL score for urinary symptoms were assessed every 12 weeks. Of the 42 patients enrolled, 8 patients withdrew and 2 were excluded, so 32 patients were analyzed.ResultsThe median age, PSA levels, and TPV were 77.5 years, 22.0 ng/mL, and 29.5 cm3, respectively. TPV showed a significant decrease from baseline in weeks 12 and 24, with the mean percent decreases being −37.5 ± 4.25 and −7.5 ± 3.84%, respectively. The IPSS decreased from baseline to weeks 12 and 24 (from 11.7 ± 1.6 to 9.3 ± 1.0 and 9.3 ± 1.0; P = 0.15 and 0.2, respectively). The IPSS voiding score showed a significant decrease from baseline to weeks 12 and 24 whereas the IPSS storage score did not. In patients with moderate to severe LUTS, the IPSS and the QOL score showed a significant decrease in weeks 12 and 24. In patients with mild LUTS, nocturia increased significantly from baseline and there was approximately one additional episode of nocturia at 24 weeks.ConclusionsIn this study, we observed that ADT significantly reduced TPV and improved LUTS in patients with PCa and moderate to severe LUTS, but increased nocturia in patients with mild LUTS.
Spatial, temporal, age, and sex related variation in the diet of South American sea lions in southern Chile
Authors: Sepúlveda Maritza , Pavez Guido , Santos‐Carvallo Macarena , Balbontín Constanza , Pequeño Germán , Newsome Seth D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe analyzed spatial, temporal, and age/sex variation in the diet of the South American sea lions (SASL, Otaria byronia) in southern Chile via δ13C and δ15N isotope analysis, with emphasis on exotic farmed and feral salmonids as a source of prey for this generalist predator. Isotope mixing models show that the primary prey consumed by SASL were demersal and benthopelagic fishes. Individuals sampled in summer and in the outer coast had higher δ15N values than those from winter or from the inner coast due to consumption of high trophic level demersal fish. We also found evidence of an ontogenetic shift in isotopic niche width as measured by δ13C and δ15N standard ellipse areas, with juveniles showing a restricted isotopic niche width (1.0‰2) in comparison to subadult (2.2‰2) and adult males (1.9‰2). The proportion of salmonids in the diet of the SASL was negligible and lower than reported in previous studies, which may be related to a recent drop in the production of salmon aquaculture in the region. Our study suggests that the SASL are able to adapt to shifts in spatiotemporal variations in the abundance of potential prey, including feral and farmed salmonids.
Explorations in a Theological Metaphor: Boethius, Calvin, and Torrance on the Creator/Creation Distinction
Authors: Ortlund Gavin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article explores a theological metaphor, comparing God and creation to an author and story. Framed as an Einsteinian thought experiment, and broadly in the genre of theological retrieval, it seeks to resource the use of this metaphor in contemporary theology by bringing it into dialogue with three areas of theological reflection throughout church history: Boethius' doctrine of divine foreknowledge, the so‐called extra Calvinisticum, and Thomas Torrance's account of Christ's ascension. It is suggested that the story metaphor brings into greater visibility what unites and determines each of these different doctrines, namely, a simultaneously robust and dynamic Creator/creation relation. In particular, it is suggested that the metaphor of story illumines the ontological priority of God over creation, as well as the importance of the incarnation and ascension as the determining events for their relationship.
Endocardial Device Leads in Patients with Patent Foramen Ovale: Echocardiographic Correlates of Stroke/TIA and Mortality
Authors: PONAMGI SHIVA P. , VAIDYA VAIBHAV R. , DESIMONE CHRISTOPHER V. , NOHERIA AMIT , HODGE DAVID O. , SLUSSER JOSHUA P. , AMMASH NASER M. , BRUCE CHARLES J. , RABINSTEIN ALEJANDRO A. , FRIEDMAN PAUL A. , ASIRVATHAM SAMUEL J. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundEchocardiographically detected patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been associated with stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). We sought to evaluate the relationship between echocardiographic characteristics and risk of stroke/TIA and mortality in CIED patients with PFO.MethodsIn 6,086 device patients, PFO was detected in 319 patients. A baseline echocardiogram was present in 250 patients, with 186 having a follow‐up echocardiogram.ResultsOf 250 patients with a baseline echocardiogram, 9.6% (n = 24) had a stroke/TIA during mean follow‐up of 5.3 ± 3.1 years; and 42% (n = 105) died over 7.1 ± 3.7 years. Atrial septal aneurysm, prominent Eustachian valve, visible shunting across PFO, baseline or change in estimated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP)/tricuspid regurgitation (TR), or maximum RVSP were not associated with postimplant stroke/TIA (P > 0.05). An exploratory multivariate analysis using time‐dependent Cox models showed increased hazard of death in patients with increase in TR ≥2 grades (hazard ratio [HR] 1.780, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.447–2.189, P < 0.0001), or increase in RVSP by >10 mm Hg (HR 2.018, 95% CI 1.593–2.556, P < 0.0001), or maximum RVSP in follow‐up (HR 1.432, 95% CI 1.351–1.516, P < 0.0001). A significant increase (P < 0.001) in TR was also noted during follow‐up.ConclusionsIn patients with CIED and PFO, structural and hemodynamic echocardiographic markers did not predict future stroke/TIA. However, a significantly higher TR or RVSP was associated with higher mortality.
Accountability in the post-Lisbon European Union
Authors: Jan Brandsma Gijs , Heidbreder Eva , Mastenbroek Ellen 
Published: December 2016

This special issue takes stock of recent post-Lisbon additions to the European Union’s accountability toolkit. It provides indications that older decision-making tools tend to be more accountable than newer ones, and that, in some areas, decision-making is shifting towards less accountable arenas. This introductory article reviews the debate on the gradual evolution of the European Union’s accountability system and introduces key aspects of the post-Lisbon era that can be expected to affect accountability in the European Union, and that have been overlooked by the literature thus far: delegated acts, economic governance and regulatory evaluations. The contributions to this special issue address each of these domains in detail and highlight the degree to which accountability has been enhanced. A final contribution shows how these arrangements fit into the wider landscape of already-existing European Union accountabilities and how this landscape has developed over time. Points for practitioners There is an apparent link between the relative novelty of the institutional setting in which a governance system is embedded and its accountability. Settings that include a strong role for the European Commission tend to be the most accountable ones, while those that rely mostly on intergovernmental logics, including those that have been created outside the Treaty framework, come with significant gaps.