bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraspecies variation of maturePinus taedain response to root‐infecting ophiostomatoid fungi
Authors: Devkota P. , Nadel R. L. , Eckhardt L. G. 
Published: February 2018

SummarySeedling screening studies have shown intraspecies variation in susceptibility ofPinus taeda(loblolly pine) toLeptographium terebrantisandGrosmannia huntii, the causal agents of root infection inPinusspecies. However, it is critical to understand the susceptibility of matureP. taedatrees. Roots of matureP. taedafamilies determined as susceptible and tolerant toL. terebrantisandG. huntiiby previous seedling screening trials were artificially inoculated with the same fungal isolates. Dark necrotic lesion and vascular occlusion were recorded 8 weeks later. Families previously considered as susceptible had relatively longer lesions and occlusions. The variation in susceptibility to the two fungi remained the same as exhibited by families in the seedling trial. These results suggest intraspecies variation in relative susceptibility ofP. taedatoL. terebrantisandG. huntiiremains similar regardless of the age of the tree.
Winners and losers of national and global efforts to reconcile agricultural intensification and biodiversity conservation
Authors: Egli Lukas , Meyer Carsten , Scherber Christoph , Kreft Holger , Tscharntke Teja 
Published: February 2018

AbstractClosing yield gaps within existing croplands, and thereby avoiding further habitat conversions, is a prominently and controversially discussed strategy to meet the rising demand for agricultural products, while minimizing biodiversity impacts. The agricultural intensification associated with such a strategy poses additional threats to biodiversity within agricultural landscapes. The uneven spatial distribution of both yield gaps and biodiversity provides opportunities for reconciling agricultural intensification and biodiversity conservation through spatially optimized intensification. Here, we integrate distribution and habitat information for almost 20,000 vertebrate species with land‐cover and land‐use datasets. We estimate that projected agricultural intensification between 2000 and 2040 would reduce the global biodiversity value of agricultural lands by 11%, relative to 2000. Contrasting these projections with spatial land‐use optimization scenarios reveals that 88% of projected biodiversity loss could be avoided through globally coordinated land‐use planning, implying huge efficiency gains through international cooperation. However, global‐scale optimization also implies a highly uneven distribution of costs and benefits, resulting in distinct “winners and losers” in terms of national economic development, food security, food sovereignty or conservation. Given conflicting national interests and lacking effective governance mechanisms to guarantee equitable compensation of losers, multinational land‐use optimization seems politically unlikely. In turn, 61% of projected biodiversity loss could be avoided through nationally focused optimization, and 33% through optimization within just 10 countries. Targeted efforts to improve the capacity for integrated land‐use planning for sustainable intensification especially in these countries, including the strengthening of institutions that can arbitrate subnational land‐use conflicts, may offer an effective, yet politically feasible, avenue to better reconcile future trade‐offs between agriculture and conservation. The efficiency gains of optimization remained robust when assuming that yields could only be increased to 80% of their potential. Our results highlight the need to better integrate real‐world governance, political and economic challenges into sustainable development and global change mitigation research.
Silent aspiration predicts mortality in older adults with aspiration pneumonia admitted to acute hospitals
Authors: Nakashima Takeshi , Maeda Keisuke , Tahira Kanae , Taniguchi Kousuke , Mori Kumiko , Kiyomiya Hiroyasu , Akagi Junji 
Published: February 2018

AimAspiration pneumonia is a common disease resulting in poor outcomes for older adults. It is known that silent aspiration might lead to aspiration pneumonia, but its role in this is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether silent aspiration is associated with mortality in aspiration pneumonia patients.MethodsA multicenter (acute hospital) study including 170 aspiration pneumonia patients was carried out. Cough latency time after inhalation of 1% citric acid mist was used to assess silent aspiration. Patients were divided into two groups: silent aspirator (SA) and no‐SA groups based on the latency time of ≥29/<29 s.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 84.0 ± 8.8 years. A total of 82% of them had moderate aspiration pneumonia. A total of 99 (58.2%) patients were in the SA group. Silent aspiration patients were more likely to be inactive compared with those in the no‐SA group (Barthel Index score 5 [IQR 0–45] vs 30 [IQR 5–65], P = 0.023) and had worse oral conditions (Oral Health Assessment Tool score 5.3 ± 3.2 vs 3.8 ± 3.1, P = 0.003). Nine of the SA patients and one of the no‐SA patients (P = 0.047) died within a month. Multivariate regression analysis showed that silent aspiration was associated with mortality after adjusting for confounders (odds ratio 2.65, 95% CI 1.01–6.98, P = 0.049).ConclusionsSilent aspiration detected by a cough latency test can predict 1‐month mortality in older patients with aspiration pneumonia. More studies are required to investigate whether enhancing cough reflex treatments would help patients recover from aspiration pneumonia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 828–832
Long‐term effectiveness of recommended boosted protease inhibitor‐based antiretroviral therapy in Europe
Authors: Santos JR , Cozzi‐Lepri A , Phillips A , De Wit S , Pedersen C , Reiss P , Blaxhult A , Lazzarin A , Sluzhynska M , Orkin C , Duvivier C , Bogner J , Gargalianos‐Kakolyris P , Schmid P , Hassoun G , Khromova I , Beniowski M , Hadziosmanovic V , Sedlacek D , Paredes R , Lundgren JD ,   on behalf of the EuroSIDA study group
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the long‐term response to antiretroviral treatment (ART) based on atazanavir/ritonavir (ATZ/r)‐, darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r)‐, and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)‐containing regimens.MethodsData were analysed for 5678 EuroSIDA‐enrolled patients starting a DRV/r‐, ATZ/r‐ or LPV/r‐containing regimen between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2013. Separate analyses were performed for the following subgroups of patients: (1) ART‐naïve subjects (8%) at ritonavir‐boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) initiation; (2) ART‐experienced individuals (44%) initiating the new PI/r with a viral load (VL) ≤500 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL; and (3) ART‐experienced patients (48%) initiating the new PI/r with a VL >500 copies/mL. Virological failure (VF) was defined as two consecutive VL measurements >200 copies/mL ≥24 weeks after PI/r initiation. Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox models were used to compare risks of failure by PI/r‐based regimen. The main analysis was performed with intention‐to‐treat (ITT) ignoring treatment switches.ResultsThe time to VF favoured DRV/r over ATZ/r, and both were superior to LPV/r (log‐rank test; P < 0.02) in all analyses. Nevertheless, the risk of VF in ART‐naïve patients was similar regardless of the PI/r initiated after controlling for potential confounders. The risk of VF in both treatment‐experienced groups was lower for DRV/r than for ATZ/r, which, in turn, was lower than for LPV/r‐based ART.ConclusionsAlthough confounding by indication and calendar year cannot be completely ruled out, in ART‐experienced subjects the long‐term effectiveness of DRV/r‐containing regimens appears to be greater than that of ATZ/r and LPV/r.
Perceptions of older consumers regarding food packaging as a prerequisite for its improvement: A case study of Polish market
Authors: Świda Jarosław , Halagarda Michał , Popek Stanisław 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn many societies, the scale of demographic change associated with increased longevity has the potential to influence the market for consumer goods. As a result, continuous improvement in packaging design that takes into account the needs of older people should become an important challenge for both packaging producers and product manufacturers. Due to the fact that there is limited research concerning the design of food packaging for older people, the aim of the study was to identify the expectations of this group of consumers in this respect. Milk packaging was selected as a model subject of study. Factors influencing older consumers and their buying patterns when purchasing milk have been thoroughly examined. The research was conducted among people over the age of 60 with the use of three methods: a questionnaire (600 subjects), an in‐depth interview (60 subjects) and eye tracking (30 subjects). The results of the study show that older consumers have specific preferences regarding packaging type and design. When considering milk packaging, for example, they prefer glass bottles, simple graphics and font and subdued colours. They most frequently look for information concerning the product's expiration date, its producer's name and its composition. Eye tracking revealed that the older the consumers are, the more problems with finding expiration date they have. The time required to find such information, however, strongly depends on where exactly the expiration date is printed on the packaging. The preferred place in this case is the top of the bottle. Older consumers identify product's brand with the name of the producer. Moreover, the absence of the term ‘ingredients’: on the milk packaging oftentimes causes confusion among older people, who are concerned about potential food additive content.
Drought tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as assessed by two contrasting phenotyping systems
Authors: Bothe A. , Westermeier P. , Wosnitza A. , Willner E. , Schum A. , Dehmer K. J. , Hartmann S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe objectives of this research were to establish a practicable phenotyping platform for assessing the drought stress response of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.; Lp), and to use this platform for evaluating the variation for drought tolerance among a panel of 39 diverse Lp populations. A moderate‐to‐strong correlation was assessed between the performance of plants grown in a hydroponics system, where the stress was generated by the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG), and those grown in the field in a rainout shelter. Following the application of drought stress, tetraploid Lp populations, along with a small number of reference Festulolium and Festuca sp. accessions, were able to develop more shoot and root dry matter than diploid Lp populations. The onset of drought symptoms was also delayed within these accessions and the plants recovered better once drought had been relieved. Although most of the diploid Lp populations were drought susceptible, there was a considerable accession‐to‐accession variation for performance under drought stress conditions. Measuring biomass production and post‐drought recovery in rainout shelter experiments in combination with the assessment of root biomass accumulation in PEG‐supplemented hydroponics represented a viable means of screening Lp germplasm for drought tolerance.
Foster care promotes adaptive functioning in early adolescence among children who experienced severe, early deprivation
Authors: Humphreys Kathryn L. , Miron Devi , McLaughlin Katie A. , Sheridan Margaret A. , Nelson Charles A. , Fox Nathan A. , Zeanah Charles H. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundExperiences in early life lay the foundation for later development and functioning. Severe psychosocial deprivation, as experienced by children in early institutional care, constitutes an adverse experience with long‐term negative consequences. The Bucharest Early Intervention Project sought to examine the effects of foster care as an alternative to institutional care for abandoned infants in Romanian institutions.MethodsAt a mean age of 22 months, institutionalized children were randomized to foster care or care as usual. At age 12 years, we followed‐up with 98 of these children (50 randomized to foster care), as well as assessed 49 never institutionalized comparison children. Adaptive functioning was assessed across seven domains—mental health, physical health, substance use, risk‐taking behavior, family relations, peer relations, and academic performance. Children at or above the threshold for adaptive functioning in at least six of seven domains were classified as having overall adaptive functioning in early adolescence.ResultsAmong all children who had experienced severe early deprivation, 40% exhibited adaptive functioning. Children randomized to foster care were significantly more likely to exhibit adaptive functioning at age 12 years than children in the care as usual condition (56% vs. 23%). In support of external validity, children who met the threshold for adaptive functioning at age 12 years had higher IQs and were more physiologically responsive to stress. Among children randomized to foster care, children placed prior to age 20 months were more likely to meet the threshold for adaptive functioning than those placed after this age (79% vs. 46%).ConclusionsThis study provides causal evidence that placing children into families following severe deprivation increases the likelihood of adaptive functioning in early adolescence.
Evaluating the genetic status of a closed colony of titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus) using multigenerational pedigrees
Authors: Kanthaswamy Sree , Bales Karen L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPedigree metrics are essential for investigating colony genetic structure. The genetic structure of a closed Callicebus cupreus colony was examined using multigenerational pedigrees. Inbreeding was low, but genetic drift caused the loss of founder genome representation. Pedigrees can be used to detect founder representation and prevent bottlenecks and allele loss.
Self‐Continuity Moderates the Association Between Peer Victimization and Depressed Affect
Authors: Santo Jonathan B. , Martin‐Storey Alexa , Recchia Holly , Bukowski William M. 
Published: February 2018

Two longitudinal studies conducted with early adolescents (ages 10–13) examined the hypothesis that self‐continuity, or the degree to which individuals feel that they remain the same person over time regardless of how their specific characteristics may change, would moderate the association between victimization and depressed affect. Both Study 1 (N = 141) and Study 2 (N = 100) provided evidence of the moderating role of self‐continuity as a buffer on the effect of peer victimization. Study 2 confirmed that self‐continuity had a moderating effect after controlling for academic performance, number of friends, self‐esteem, self‐concept clarity, hopelessness, and self‐blame. Findings support self‐continuity as being protective with regard to negative peer environments.
The molecular basis of essential fatty acid limitation in Daphnia magna: A transcriptomic approach
Authors: Windisch Heidrun S. , Fink Patrick 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt is widely accepted that in many food webs, the trophic transfer efficiency among primary producers and herbivores is determined by the nutritional value of primary producers. In pelagic freshwater and marine ecosystems, secondary production by herbivorous crustacean zooplankton is often limited by the seston's content of essential ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs). However, little is known about the genetic network behind the positive relationship between phytoplankton ω3 PUFA content and zooplankton growth and reproduction. In our experimental study, we analysed gene expression changes of the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna under different food regimes differing in their ω3 PUFA composition. To disentangle ω3 PUFA effects from other factors, we fed D. magna with different pure phytoplankton cultures (i.e., algal and cyanobacterial diets) with or without supplementing the essential ω3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). As hypothesized, we observed enhanced growth on diets supplemented with EPA. We applied an Illumina RNA‐seq approach to D. magna from different diet treatments to find and monitor genes that are regulated dependent on EPA availability. Of 26,646 potential protein products (mapped to the D. magna genome), we identified transcriptomic signatures driven by the different food sources. Further analyses revealed specific candidate genes involved in EPA metabolism, irrespective of the basal food source. This allows a first functional annotation of previously uncharacterized genes involved in the EPA‐specific response of D. magna and may finally provide a link to molecular processes connected to ω3 PUFA metabolism and conversion and thus trophic transfer efficiency in pelagic food webs.
The curli regulator CsgD mediates stationary phase counter‐silencing of csgBA in Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Newman S. L. , Will W. R. , Libby S. J. , Fang F. C. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIntegration of horizontally acquired genes into transcriptional networks is essential for the regulated expression of virulence in bacterial pathogens. In Salmonella enterica, expression of such genes is repressed by the nucleoid‐associated protein H‐NS, which recognizes and binds to AT‐rich DNA. H‐NS‐mediated silencing must be countered by other DNA‐binding proteins to allow expression under appropriate conditions. Some genes that can be transcribed by RNA polymerase (RNAP) associated with the alternative sigma factor σS or the housekeeping sigma factor σ70 in vitro appear to be preferentially transcribed by σS in the presence of H‐NS, suggesting that σS may act as a counter‐silencer. To determine whether σS directly counters H‐NS‐mediated silencing and whether co‐regulation by H‐NS accounts for the σS selectivity of certain promoters, we examined the csgBA operon, which is required for curli fimbriae expression and is known to be regulated by both H‐NS and σS. Using genetics and in vitro biochemical analyses, we found that σS is not directly required for csgBA transcription, but rather up‐regulates csgBA via an indirect upstream mechanism. Instead, the biofilm master regulator CsgD directly counter‐silences the csgBA promoter by altering the DNA‐protein complex structure to disrupt H‐NS‐mediated silencing in addition to directing the binding of RNAP.
The role of continuous renal replacement therapy in the management of acute kidney injury associated with sinusoidal obstruction syndrome following hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Raina Rupesh , Abusin Ghada A. , Vijayaraghavan Prashant , Auletta Jeffery J. , Cabral Linda , Hashem Hasan , Vogt Beth A. , Cooke Kenneth R. , Abu‐Arja Rolla F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMaintaining fluid balance, pre‐ and post‐MA‐HCT is essential and usually requires frequent administration of diuretics. Hepatic sinusoidal obstructive syndrome is potentially life‐threatening, especially when associated with AKI and MOF. This study describes six patients who developed AKI‐associated SOS and diuretic‐resistant FO who subsequently underwent CRRT using standardized management guidelines for fluid balance post‐HCT. Retrospective chart review was done for HCT patients between September 2011 and October 2013 at a tertiary care children's hospital. Thirty‐four patients underwent MA‐HCT in the study period. Six patients had SOS complicated by diuretic‐resistant FO and underwent CRRT. Defibrotide was used in three patients. Median time on CRRT was 10.5 days. Sixty‐six percent (N = 4 of 6) of patients had full resolution of SOS symptoms with a mortality rate of 34% (N = 2 of 6). Among patients who had full recovery of SOS symptoms, one patient developed AKI, end‐stage renal diseases and underwent kidney transplantation 34‐months post‐HCT. Thus, of six included patients, two died and one developed ESRD with only 50% (N = 3 of 6) good outcome. Use of a standardized, evidence‐based fluid balance protocol and early initiation of CRRT for HCT‐related AKI/SOS was associated with good outcomes.
New findings in non‐invasive imaging of cutaneous endometriosis: Dermoscopy, high‐frequency ultrasound and reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Tognetti L. , Cinotti E. , Tonini G. , Habougit C. , Cambazard F. , Rubegni P. , Perrot J. L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous endometriosis (CE) is rare and its dermoscopic features were reported only in 3 patients. The aim of this study was to examine a case of pigmented CE with multiple non‐invasive imaging techniques, to compare the obtained images with histopathology and to define their utility in an early diagnosis of the disease.Case reportWe performed dermoscopy, high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS), in vivo and ex vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) of a pigmented CE arising on the caesarean scar of a phototype IV patient, along with histologic studies. Dermoscopy showed a greyish background and a brownish pigmentation. HFUS shows well‐demarcated anechoic areas corresponding to ectopic endometrial tissue at histopathologic examination. RCM and OCT only showed the alterations of the epidermis.ConclusionHigh‐frequency ultrasound could represent a very useful tool for an early diagnosis of CE and its usefulness could be tested in patients with unusual cyclical pain, even before skin lesion appearance. RCM allowed the visualization of skin surface modification due to underlying endometriosic tissue. Dermoscopy showed a new aspect that was probably related to the mix of blood extravasation (ie, greyish background) and epidermal pigmentation (ie, brown pigmentation).
A procedure for high residual stresses measurement using the ring‐core method
Authors: Moharrami R. , Sadri M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe ring‐core method is a mechanical technique used to determine the residual stresses on the surface of materials by milling a narrow circular groove around the point of interest and monitoring the strain variation.Original stress can be evaluated by using the relaxed strain through the linear elasticity theory. In case of a highly stressed field, the yielding of the material around the groove and its bottom causes an error related to the hypothesis of the basic theory of the method.In this paper, the plasticity effect of calculated residual stresses was considered. For this purpose, the ring‐core development and stress relaxation in a generally stressed body were simulated using a 3D parametric finite element model and the stress calculation errors were obtained by comparing calculation stress with the actual one. According to the results, the error value was affected by some parameters such as ring depth, stress magnitude and state, and material behaviour. In general, for residual stresses above 65% of the local yield strength, the plasticity‐induced errors were significant, as an error close to 35% was found.Based on the result, a correction procedure was proposed for the evaluation of the high level residual stresses in steel materials by the ring‐core method. By the method, true stresses can be obtained with considering the calculated stresses state, material properties, ring geometry, and estimated plasticity‐induced errors.