bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of liraglutide vs lixisenatide for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UK setting
Authors: Hunt Barnaby , Vega‐Hernandez Gabriela , Valentine William J. , Kragh Nana 
Published: January 2017

AimsTo compare the cost‐effectiveness of 2 glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists, liraglutide 1.8 mg and lixisenatide 20 µg, in the UK setting based on the LIRA‐LIXI trial (NCT01973231).Materials and methodsProjections of costs (in 2015 pounds sterling [£]) and clinical outcomes were made over patient lifetimes using the IMS CORE Diabetes Model (IMS Health, Basel, Switzerland). The baseline cohort and treatment effects applied after initiation of GLP‐1 receptor agonists were taken from the LIRA‐LIXI trial. Future costs and clinical benefits were discounted at 3.5% annually.ResultsLiraglutide 1.8 mg was associated with improved discounted quality‐adjusted life expectancy (8.87 vs 8.76 quality‐adjusted life years [QALYs]) vs lixisenatide 20 µg. A greater reduction in glycated haemoglobin with liraglutide 1.8 mg led to fewer diabetes‐related complications and delayed their time of onset. Liraglutide 1.8 mg was associated with increased total costs (£37 153 vs £36 174), driven by higher acquisition costs, but this was partially offset by savings from diabetes‐related complications avoided (£26 969 vs £27 912). Liraglutide 1.8 mg was associated with an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of £8901 per QALY gained vs lixisenatide 20 µg.ConclusionsLong‐term projections suggest that treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes with liraglutide 1.8 mg is likely to be considered highly cost‐effective compared with lixisenatide 20 µg treatment in the UK setting.
A closer look at novel climates: new methods and insights at continental to landscape scales
Authors: Mahony Colin R. , Cannon Alex J. , Wang Tongli , Aitken Sally N. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNovel climates – emerging conditions with no analog in the observational record – are an open problem in ecological modeling. Detecting extrapolation into novel conditions is a critical step in evaluating bioclimatic projections of how species and ecosystems will respond to climate change. However, biologically informed novelty detection methods remain elusive for many modeling algorithms. To assist with bioclimatic model design and evaluation, we present a first‐approximation assessment of general novelty based on a simple and consistent characterization of climate. We build on the seminal global analysis of Williams et al. (2007 PNAS, 104, 5738) by assessing of end‐of‐21st‐century novelty for North America at high spatial resolution and by refining their standardized Euclidean distance into an intuitive Mahalanobian metric called sigma dissimilarity. Like this previous study, we found extensive novelty in end‐of‐21st‐century projections for the warm southern margin of the continent as well as the western Arctic. In addition, we detected localized novelty in lower topographic positions at all latitudes: By the end of the 21st century, novel climates are projected to emerge at low elevations in 80% and 99% of ecoregions in the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios, respectively. Novel climates are limited to 7% of the continent's area in RCP4.5, but are much more extensive in RCP8.5 (40% of area). These three risk factors for novel climates – regional susceptibility, topographic position, and the magnitude of projected climate change – represent a priori evaluation criteria for the credibility of bioclimatic projections. Our findings indicate that novel climates can emerge in any landscape. Interpreting climatic novelty in the context of nonlinear biological responses to climate is an important challenge for future research.
Helicobacter pylori infection is an independent risk factor of early and advanced colorectal neoplasm
Authors: Kim Tae Jun , Kim Eun Ran , Chang Dong Kyung , Kim Young‐Ho , Baek Sun‐Young , Kim Kyunga , Hong Sung Noh 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the development of colorectal neoplasm remains controversial. We examined the association between H. pylori infection and colorectal neoplasm in a large sample of healthy participants who underwent screening colonoscopy.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 8916 men, who participated in a regular health‐screening examination that included an H. pylori‐specific immunoglobulin G antibody test and colonoscopy, was conducted to evaluate the association between H. pylori and colorectal neoplasm.ResultsMultivariable analyses adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, regular exercise, regular aspirin use, and family history of colorectal cancer showed that the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for any adenoma and advanced neoplasm was 1.32 (1.07‐1.61) and 1.90 (1.05‐3.56) in participants with H. pylori infection and without H. pylori infection, respectively. The association persisted after further adjustment for inflammatory markers or metabolic variables including fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol. Regarding the location, a positive association was confined to cases with proximal adenomas and was observed similarly in all the evaluated subgroups.ConclusionsIn a large‐scale study, carefully controlled for confounding factors, involving asymptomatic participants without a history of colonoscopy, H. pylori infection was significantly associated with the risk of any colorectal adenoma and advanced colorectal neoplasm. Prospective studies are necessary to determine whether H. pylori eradication can reduce this risk.
A method to select for reproductive frost tolerance in field pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Davies P. A. , Pham T. N. T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study describes an investigation to test whether genotypic differences for reproductive frost tolerance in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) can be measured in the field. The method involved individually tagging flowers or young pods at particular stages of development within 48 hr after a frost event and assessing pod survival and seed damage at maturity. Four field pea varieties were grown in 2011 in an experiment which measured the loss of pods following a specific frost event. This experiment also tested the impact of trellis and pathways sown with barley on the efficacy of the frost tolerance data. In 2012, an additional genotype was also tested and, in addition to pod loss, data were collected on seed damage in surviving pods. Results from both years showed significant genotypic differences. There was also a significant positive correlation between mean variety pod loss in 2011 and 2012 indicating reliability of this method across seasons.
Patient‐centred care to improve dietetic practice: an integrative review
Authors: Sladdin I. , Ball L. , Bull C. , Chaboyer W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐centred care (PCC) is associated with significant improvements in patients’ health outcomes and healthcare systems. There is an opportunity to better understand PCC in dietetics. Thus, the present integrative review aims to critically synthesise literature relating to PCC in dietetics.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted between February and March 2016. Studies were included if they (i) involved dietitians and/or patients who had participated in an individual dietetic consultation; (ii) related to one or more components of PCC; and (iii) were empirical full‐text studies in English, involving adult participants, published between 1997 and 2016. Following title and abstract screening, full texts were retrieved and independently assessed for inclusion by two of the investigators. Two independent investigators conducted data extraction and quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Study findings were analysed thematically using meta‐synthesis. Twenty‐seven studies met the inclusion criteria.ResultsSix themes were discovered inductively: (i) establishing a positive dietitian–patient relationship; (ii) displaying humanistic behaviours; (iii) using effective communication skills; (iv) individualising and adapting care; (v) redistributing power to the patient; and (vi) lacking time for PCC practices. The first three themes were closely related. Studies used a broad range of methodological designs. Limitations of the studies included a lack of reflexivity and a lack of representativeness of the study population.ConclusionsIt is apparent that dietitians require good communication skills and humanistic qualities to build positive relationships with patients. Patients strongly desire individualised nutrition care and greater involvement in care. Ensuring dietitians are able to incorporate patient‐centred practises during care requires further research.
Nidotherapy compared with enhanced care programme approach training for adults with aggressive challenging behaviour and intellectual disability (NIDABID): cluster‐randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tyrer P. , Tarabi S. A. , Bassett P. , Liedtka N. , Hall R. , Nagar J. , Imrie A. , Tyrer H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundAggressive challenging behaviour is very common in care homes for people with intellectual disability, and better psychological treatments are needed. Nidotherapy aims to change the environment of people with mental illness and is an appropriate treatment for this group of disorders.MethodThe design was a cluster randomised trial of 20 care homes in which the staff either received training in nidotherapy or the enhanced care programme approach (ECPA), with equivalent duration of treatment in each arm. Cluster randomisation of care homes was carried out at the beginning of the study by an independent statistician. Primary and secondary outcomes were not specified exactly in view of absence of previous study data, but changes over time in scores on two scales, the Modified Overt Aggression Scale and the Problem Behaviour Check List were the main outcome measures. Serious violent incidents were recorded using the Quantification of Violence Scale. All these measures were recorded monthly by research assistants who were carefully kept blind to the allocation of treatment.ResultsA total of 200 residents entered the trial, 115 allocated to the ECPA arm and 85 to the nidotherapy one. Seven residents left the care homes in the course of the study, and six were replaced; these were included 79 in the analysis as the trial was a pragmatic one. There were no material reductions in challenging behaviour in the first 8 months of the trial in either group, but in the last 7 months, those allocated to nidotherapy had a 33% reduction in Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) scores and a 43% reduction in Problem Behaviour Check List scores compared with 5% and 13%, respectively, for the ECPA group, differences which for the MOAS were close to statistical significance.DiscussionNidotherapy shows promise in the management of aggressive challenging behaviour in care homes, but a delay in its benefit might be expected if given to staff only. The treatment is worthy of further evaluation and development.
A thematic analysis of the experience of UK mental health nurses who have trained in Solution Focused Brief Therapy
Authors: Smith S. , Macduff C. 
Published: January 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) is an effective model of brief psychotherapy.

Evidence suggests that nurses can be trained to deliver SFBT with only a few days training.

It has been argued that SFBT reflects the core values of nursing practice, but no empirical research has been undertaken to validate this assertion.

What does this paper add to existing knowledge?

This is the first time the impact of such training on nurses’ sense of professional and personal identity has been explored.

Drawing upon data derived from twenty interviews, this paper explores the key themes reported by nurses in relation to their personal experience of training in SFBT.

This paper extends our understanding of the lived experience of mental health nurses and facilitates discussion on the preparation and practice of their role.

What are the implications for practice?

Training in SFBT can provide a framework for nurses to empower their clients/patients to take control of their own recovery in a shared and trusting relationship.

Training in SFBT can enhance nurses’ sense of trust in their clients.

Training in solution‐focused interactions may provide a framework for many nurses to provide the type of collaborative, patient‐led care they aspire to.

AbstractIntroductionSFBT is a psychotherapeutic model that aims to ‘build solutions’ rather than ‘solve problems’. It has evolved into a structured communication framework utilized across a range of disciplines, focusing on the future, as opposed to the past, and on participant's strengths and abilities, as opposed to their problems and deficits. There have been no studies exploring the experience of training in SFBT from the perspective of the nurses being trained.AimThis study sought to explore the experience of nurses who had completed a six‐month training course in SFBT.MethodsUsing a qualitative methodology, 20 nurses who had undertaken SFBT training were interviewed at various locations across Scotland.ResultsFive main themes emerged from analysis of the 20 interviews. Many of the participants reported increased trust in their clients and enhanced role satisfaction.Implications for PracticeTraining in SFBT provides nurses with an alternative model of practice to the dominant ‘medical’ and ‘psychological’ models of contemporary practice. The experiences of the participants in this study suggest that SFBT can be a useful intervention in nursing practice and that nurses can easily incorporate SFBT into their practice.
National treatment programme of hepatitis C in Egypt: Hepatitis C virus model of care
Authors: El‐Akel W. , El‐Sayed M. H. , El Kassas M. , El‐Serafy M. , Khairy M. , Elsaeed K. , Kabil K. , Hassany M. , Shawky A. , Yosry A. , Shaker M. K. , ElShazly Y. , Waked I. , Esmat G. , Doss W. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem in Egypt as the nation bears the highest prevalence rate worldwide. This necessitated establishing a novel model of care (MOC) to contain the epidemic, deliver patient care and ensure global treatment access. In this review, we describe the process of development of the Egyptian model and future strategies for sustainability. Although the magnitude of the HCV problem was known for many years, the HCV MOC only came into being in 2006 with the establishment of the National Committee for Control of Viral Hepatitis (NCCVH) to set up and implement a national control strategy for the disease and other causes of viral hepatitis. The strategy outlines best practices for patient care delivery by applying a set of service principles through identified clinical streams and patient flow continuums. The Egyptian national viral hepatitis treatment programme is considered one of the most successful and effective public health programmes. To date, more than one million patients were evaluated and more than 850 000 received treatment under the umbrella of the programme since 2006. The NCCVH has been successful in establishing a strong infrastructure for controlling viral hepatitis in Egypt. It established a nationwide network of digitally connected viral hepatitis‐specialized treatment centres covering the country map to enhance treatment access. Practice guidelines suiting local circumstances were issued and regularly updated and are applied in all affiliated centres. This review illustrates the model and the successful Egyptian experience. It sets an exemplar for states, organizations and policy‐makers setting up programmes for care and management of people with hepatitis C.
Experimental comparison between tractional and compressive stress on temporomandibular joint
Authors: Nogami S , Yamauchi K , Shimizu Y , Hirayama B , Kumasaka A , Iikubo M , Kumamoto H , Takahashi T 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveWe experimentally compared the effects of compressive and tractional mechanical stress on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rabbits to assess the etiology of progressive condylar resorption.Materials and MethodsWe performed a cortical osteotomy using custom‐made devices that were lengthened by 0.25 mm every 12 h for 1 week after surgery. During this time, the rabbit TMJ was under compressive or tractional mechanical stress. The samples in each group were examined using micro‐computed tomography and histological staining.ResultsScores for the area of bone resorption were higher in the compressive group than in the tractional group. Moreover, scores for the depth of bone resorption were higher in the compressive group than those in the tractional group. We observed a significantly higher prevalence of resorption in the subcondylar bone in the compressive group than in the tractional group. There were substantially more cells that were positive for tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase in the compressive group than in the control and tractional groups.ConclusionsThe outcomes here suggest that excessive mechanical stress, particularly compressive mechanical stress, may significantly affect morphological bone change findings in the TMJ.
Parvovirus Expresses a Small Noncoding RNA That Plays an Essential Role in Virus Replication
Authors: Wang Zekun , Shen Weiran , Cheng Fang , Deng Xuefeng , Engelhardt John F. , Yan Ziying , Qiu Jianming 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) belongs to the species
Primate bocaparvovirus
of the genus
Bocaparvovirus
of the
Parvoviridae
family. HBoV1 causes acute respiratory tract infections in young children and has a selective tropism for the apical surface of well-differentiated human airway epithelia (HAE). In this study, we identified an additional HBoV1 gene, bocavirus-transcribed small noncoding RNA (BocaSR), within the 3′ noncoding region (nucleotides [nt] 5199 to 5338) of the viral genome of positive sense. BocaSR is transcribed by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) from an intragenic promoter at levels similar to that of the capsid protein-coding mRNA and is essential for replication of the viral DNA in both transfected HEK293 and infected HAE cells. Mechanistically, we showed that BocaSR regulates the expression of HBoV1-encoded nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2, NS3, and NP1 but not NS4. BocaSR is similar to the adenovirus-associated type I (VAI) RNA in terms of both nucleotide sequence and secondary structure but differs from it in that its regulation of viral protein expression is independent of RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) regulation. Notably, BocaSR accumulates in the viral DNA replication centers within the nucleus and likely plays a direct role in replication of the viral DNA. Our findings reveal BocaSR to be a novel viral noncoding RNA that coordinates the expression of viral proteins and regulates replication of viral DNA within the nucleus. Thus, BocaSR may be a target for antiviral therapies for HBoV and may also have utility in the production of recombinant HBoV vectors.

IMPORTANCE
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is pathogenic to humans, causing acute respiratory tract infections in young children. In this study, we identified a novel HBoV1 gene that lies in the 3′ noncoding region of the viral positive-sense genome and is transcribed by RNA polymerase III into a noncoding RNA of 140 nt. This bocavirus-transcribed small RNA (BocaSR) diverges from both adenovirus-associated (VA) RNAs and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) with respect to RNA sequence, representing a third species of this kind of Pol III-dependent viral noncoding RNA and the first noncoding RNA identified in autonomous parvoviruses. Unlike the VA RNAs, BocaSR localizes to the viral DNA replication centers of the nucleus and is essential for expression of viral nonstructural proteins independent of RNA-activated protein kinase R and replication of HBoV1 genomes. The identification of BocaSR and its role in virus DNA replication reveals potential avenues for developing antiviral therapies.
Transgenic Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat/Cas9-Mediated Viral Gene Targeting for Antiviral Therapy of Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus
Authors: Chen Shuqing , Hou Chengxiang , Bi Honglun , Wang Yueqiang , Xu Jun , Li Muwang , James Anthony A. , Huang Yongping , Tan Anjiang 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

We developed a novel antiviral strategy by combining transposon-based transgenesis and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system for the direct cleavage of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) genome DNA to promote virus clearance in silkworms. We demonstrate that transgenic silkworms constitutively expressing Cas9 and guide RNAs targeting the BmNPV
immediate early-1
(
ie-1
) and
me53
genes effectively induce target-specific cleavage and subsequent mutagenesis, especially large (∼7-kbp) segment deletions in BmNPV genomes, and thus exhibit robust suppression of BmNPV proliferation. Transgenic animals exhibited higher and inheritable resistance to BmNPV infection than wild-type animals. Our approach will not only contribute to modern sericulture but also shed light on future antiviral therapy.

IMPORTANCE
Pathogen genome targeting has shown its potential in antiviral research. However, transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 system-mediated viral genome targeting has not been reported as an antiviral strategy in a natural animal host of a virus. Our data provide an effective approach against BmNPV infection in a real-world biological system and demonstrate the potential of transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 systems in antiviral research in other species.
Longitudinal study of social participation and well-being among persons with spinal cord injury and their partners (pro-WELL)
Authors: Fekete Christine , Brinkhof Martin W G , Tough Hannah , Siegrist Johannes 
Published: January 2017

PurposeSocial participation is an important determinant of well-being. Among persons with disabilities, and with spinal cord injury (SCI) in particular, opportunities for social participation are restricted and may impact well-being. The longitudinal pro-WELL study aims to investigate associations of 2 major domains of social participation with well-being: (1) availability and quality of close social relationships and (2) acting in core social roles (eg, paid work). The joint inclusion of persons with SCI and their partners is a major innovative aspect of this study enabling an in-depth analysis of interpersonal dynamics in coping with disability.ParticipantsPro-WELL is a nested project of the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study (SwiSCI) and involves community-dwelling persons aged 30–65 with SCI and their partners living in Switzerland. Baseline data were collected from mid-2015 to early 2016 by telephone interviews and questionnaires. The first and second follow-up assessments are scheduled with a 6 months interval.Findings to dateThe baseline sample consists of 133 persons with SCI and their partners. We provide an overview of baseline characteristics and well-being and describe recruitment outcomes and participation rates. A comprehensive non-response analysis demonstrates adequate representation of the source population with negligible selection bias regarding sociodemographic and lesion characteristics.Future plansThe prospective data collection and analysis of month 6 and 12 assessments are ongoing and tests of the main research hypotheses will be performed. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences. A workshop and a newsletter on study findings are proposed to feed back findings to participants and other stakeholders.