bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple angiomatous nodules: a novel skin tumor in Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome
Authors: Nikolaidou C. , Moscarella E. , Longo C. , Rosato S. , Cavazza A. , Piana S. 
Published: September 2016

Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHDS), first described in 1977, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, linked to germline mutations in the FLCN (folliculin) gene. Patients may present with different skin tumors, pulmonary cysts with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, and renal cancers, but it has also been estimated that about 25% of carriers older than 20 years do not show skin involvement. So far, besides the triad of skin lesions of the original description (fibrofolliculomas, trichodischomas and acrochordons), a wide range of neoplastic and non‐neoplastic skin conditions have been reported, i.e. melanomas, trichoblastoma, neural‐ and connective tissue tumors, lipomas, angiolipomas and focal cutaneous mucinosis.We describe a patient with BHDS developing multiple skin angiomatous lesions with prominent signet‐ring features, an association never reported so far. As renal carcinomas represent the most threatening complication in BHDS and the identification of the patients with BHDS is mainly based on the clinical and histopathologic identification of the diagnostic skin lesions, the role of the dermatologist can be crucial in the prevention and early detection of a potentially aggressive renal cancer.
Seizure burden and neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Kharoshankaya Liudmila , Stevenson Nathan J , Livingstone Vicki , Murray Deirdre M , Murphy Brendan P , Ahearne Caroline E , Boylan Geraldine B 
Published: September 2016

AimTo examine the relationship between electrographic seizures and long‐term outcome in neonates with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).MethodFull‐term neonates with HIE born in Cork University Maternity Hospital from 2003 to 2006 (pre‐hypothermia era) and 2009 to 2012 (hypothermia era) were included in this observational study. All had early continuous electroencephalography monitoring. All electrographic seizures were annotated. The total seizure burden and hourly seizure burden were calculated. Outcome (normal/abnormal) was assessed at 24 to 48 months in surviving neonates using either the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition or the Griffiths Mental Development Scales; a diagnosis of cerebral palsy or epilepsy was also considered an abnormal outcome.ResultsContinuous electroencephalography was recorded for a median of 57.1 hours (interquartile range 33.5–80.5h) in 47 neonates (31 males, 16 females); 29 out of 47 (62%) had electrographic seizures and 25 out of 47 (53%) had an abnormal outcome. The presence of seizures per se was not associated with abnormal outcome (p=0.126); however, the odds of an abnormal outcome increased over ninefold (odds ratio [OR] 9.56; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.43–37.67) if a neonate had a total seizure burden of more than 40 minutes (p=0.001), and eightfold (OR: 8.00; 95% CI: 2.06–31.07) if a neonate had a maximum hourly seizure burden of more than 13 minutes per hour (p=0.003). Controlling for electrographic HIE grade or treatment with hypothermia did not change the direction of the relationship between seizure burden and outcome.InterpretationIn HIE, a high electrographic seizure burden is significantly associated with abnormal outcome, independent of HIE severity or treatment with hypothermia.
Pathways of Risk and Resilience: Impact of a Family Resilience Program on Active‐Duty Military Parents
Authors: Saltzman William R. , Lester Patricia , Milburn Norweeta , Woodward Kirsten , Stein Judith 
Published: September 2016

Over the past decade, studies into the impact of wartime deployment and related adversities on service members and their families have offered empirical support for systemic models of family functioning and a more nuanced understanding of the mechanisms by which stress and trauma reverberate across family and partner relationships. They have also advanced our understanding of the ways in which families may contribute to the resilience of children and parents contending with the stressors of serial deployments and parental physical and psychological injuries. This study is the latest in a series designed to further clarify the systemic functioning of military families and to explicate the role of resilient family processes in reducing symptoms of distress and poor adaptation among family members. Drawing upon the implementation of the Families Overcoming Under Stress (FOCUS) Family Resilience Program at 14 active‐duty military installations across the United States, structural equation modeling was conducted with data from 434 marine and navy active‐duty families who participated in the FOCUS program. The goal was to better understand the ways in which parental distress reverberates across military family systems and, through longitudinal path analytic modeling, determine the pathways of program impact on parental distress. The findings indicated significant cross‐influence of distress between the military and civilian parents within families, families with more distressed military parents were more likely to sustain participation in the program, and reductions in distress among both military and civilian parents were significantly mediated by improvements in resilient family processes. These results are consistent with family systemic and resilient models that support preventive interventions designed to enhance family resilient processes as an important part of comprehensive services for distressed military families.
Effect of loading type on the fatigue strength of asymmetric and symmetric transverse non‐load carrying attachments
Authors: Ahola A. , Nykänen T. , Björk T. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study considers the effect of bending loading and the symmetry of joints on the fatigue strength of transverse non‐load carrying attachments. Conventionally, the fatigue strength of a welded joint has been determined without taking these factors into account. Experimental and finite element analyses were carried out and both methods showed that both loading type and symmetry have an influence on the fatigue resistance of a welded joint. Under tensile loading, the fatigue strength of asymmetric T‐joints was higher than that of symmetric X‐joints. Respectively, the fatigue resistance of tested joints improved explicitly when the external loading was bending. The finite element analysis was in good agreement with the test results in the joints subjected to tension but gave very conservative results in the joints subjected to bending.
Screening for ROS1 gene rearrangements in non‐small‐cell lung cancers using immunohistochemistry with FISH confirmation is an effective method to identify this rare target
Authors: Selinger Christina I , Li Bob T , Pavlakis Nick , Links Matthew , Gill Anthony J , Lee Adrian , Clarke Stephen , Tran Thang N , Lum Trina , Yip Po Y , Horvath Lisa , Yu Bing , Kohonen‐Corish Maija R J , O'Toole Sandra A , Cooper Wendy A 
Published: September 2016

AimsTo assess the prevalence of ROS1 rearrangements in a retrospective and prospective diagnostic Australian cohort and evaluate the effectiveness of immunohistochemical screening.Methods and resultsA retrospective cohort of 278 early stage lung adenocarcinomas and an additional 104 prospective non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases referred for routine molecular testing were evaluated. ROS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed (D4D6 clone, Cell Signaling Technology) on all cases as well as fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) using the ZytoVision and Abbott Molecular ROS1 FISH probes, with ≥15% of cells with split signals considered positive for rearrangement. Eighty‐eight cases (32%) from the retrospective cohort showed staining by ROS1 IHC, and one case (0.4%) showed ROS1 rearrangement by FISH. Nineteen of the prospective diagnostic cases showed ROS1 IHC staining, 12 (12%) cases of which were confirmed as ROS1 rearranged by FISH. There were no ROS1 rearranged cases that showed no expression of ROS1 with IHC. The ROS1 rearranged cases in the prospective cohort were all EGFR wild‐type and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement‐negative. The sensitivity of ROS1 IHC in the retrospective cohort was 100% and specificity was 76%.ConclusionsROS1 rearrangements are rare events in lung adenocarcinomas. Selection of cases for ROS1 FISH testing, by excluding EGFR/ALK‐positive cases and use of IHC to screen for potentially positive cases, can be used to enrich for the likelihood of identifying a ROS1 rearranged lung cancer and prevent the need to undertake expensive and time‐consuming FISH testing in all cases.
Warning labels on junk food: experimental evidence
Authors: Boncinelli Fabio , Gerini Francesca , Pagnotta Gabriele , Alfnes Frode 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUnhealthy food choice is one of the main causes of being overweight. Nutritionists blame a particular category of food: junk food. Several authors have proposed a fat tax for reducing the junk food demand, but others have demonstrated that these taxes must be very high in order to be effective. Therefore, a warning label about calorie content may be an alternative way to reduce the consumption of junk food. In this exploratory study, using students as respondents, a high‐calorie warning label is explored with an incentive compatible valuation method. The results indicate that a high‐calorie warning label has little effect on respondents’ choices, even when they have no prior familiarity with the food.
Modulation of infection‐mediated migration of neutrophils and CXCR2 trafficking by osteopontin
Authors: Singh Rani , Hui Tommy , Matsui Aritsune , Allahem Ziyad , Johnston Christopher D. , Ruiz‐Torruella Montserrat , Rittling Susan R. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryOsteopontin (OPN) is a pro‐inflammatory protein that paradoxically protects against inflammation and bone destruction in a mouse model of endodontic infection. Here we have tested the hypothesis that this effect of OPN is mediated by effects on migration of innate immune cells to the site of infection. Using the air pouch as a model of endodontic infection in mice, we showed that neutrophil accumulation at the site of infection with a mixture of endodontic pathogens is significantly reduced in OPN‐deficient mice. Reduced neutrophil accumulation in the absence of OPN was accompanied by an increase in bacterial load. OPN‐deficiency did not affect neutrophil survival, CXCR2 ligand expression, or the production of inflammatory cytokines in the air pouch. In vitro, OPN enhanced neutrophil migration to CXCL1, whereas in vivo, inhibition of CXCR2 suppressed cellular infiltration in air pouches of infected wild‐type mice by > 50%, but had no effect in OPN‐deficient mice. OPN increased cell surface expression of CXCR2 on bone marrow neutrophils in an integrin‐αv‐dependent manner, and suppressed the internalization of CXCR2 in the absence of ligand. Together, these results support a model where the protective effect of OPN results from enhanced initial neutrophil accumulation at sites of infection resulting in optimal bacterial killing. We describe a novel mechanism for this effect of OPN: integrin‐αv‐dependent suppression of CXCR2 internalization in neutrophils, which increases the ability of these cells to migrate to sites of infection in response to CXCR2 ligands.
Diagnosis of sleep bruxism can assist in the detection of cases of verbal school bullying and measure the life satisfaction of adolescents
Authors: Fulgencio Livia Bonfim , Corrêa‐Faria Patrícia , Lage Carolina Freitas , Paiva Saul Martins , Pordeus Isabela Almeida , Serra‐Negra Junia Maria 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAdolescence is a period with changes and conflicts.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between sleep bruxism, verbal bullying at school, and life satisfaction among Brazilian adolescents.DesignA cross‐sectional study of 1344 Brazilian adolescents was performed. Possible sleep bruxism was identified using the consensus criteria based on the reports of parents. The parents and the adolescents answered validated questionnaires. The data were statistically analyzed using the chi‐squared test, Mann–WhitneyU‐test, and Poisson regression with robust variance.ResultsA total of 205 adolescents presented possible sleep bruxism (15.3%). This parafunction was more prevalent among adolescents who were victims of verbal bullying at school (PR: 6.31; 95%CI: 4.78–8.32), victim/perpetrators (PR: 5.27; 95%CI: 3.82–7.27), and who belonged to families from a higher socioeconomic status (RP: 1.51; 95%CI: 1.23–1.86). Possible sleep bruxism was also associated with higher scores in the domains of self (PR: 1.04; 95%CI: 1.00–1.08), school (PR: 1.05; 95%CI: 1.02–1.09) and self‐efficacy (PR: 1.07; 95%CI: 1.03–1.12), and lower scores in the non‐violence domain (PR: 0.96; 95%CI: 0.93–0.99).ConclusionsPossible sleep bruxism can assist in the detection of adolescents involved in school bullying at school in the roles of victim and victim/perpetrator.
Oral health‐related quality of life and sense of coherence regarding the use of dental services by preschool children
Authors: Perazzo Matheus França , Gomes Monalisa Cesarino , Neves Érick Tássio , Martins Carolina Castro , Paiva Saul Martins , Granville‐Garcia Ana Flávia 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundThere is a need for studies on the biopsychosocial factors that influence the use of dental services by preschoolers.AimTo evaluate the influence of the perceptions of parents/caretakers and children regarding oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) as well as the sense of coherence (SOC) of parents/caretakers on the use of dental services among Brazilian preschoolers.DesignA school‐based, cross‐sectional study was conducted with 768 preschoolers. Parents/caretakers answered a questionnaire addressing socio‐demographic characteristics. The OHRQoL of the children was measured using the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for Five‐Year‐Old Children. SOC among the parents/caretakers was evaluated using the Sense of Coherence scale. Clinical examinations were performed by examiners who had previously undergone a training exercise. Descriptive analysis was conducted, followed by Poisson's regression analysis (α = 5%).ResultsA total of 56.5% of the preschoolers had never used dental services. The following variables exerted a significant influence on the use of services: higher monthly household income (PR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07–1.51), toothache (PR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.34–1.89), the absence of traumatic dental injury (TDI; PR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01–1.40), and a strong SOC (PR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01–1.42).ConclusionsA higher monthly household income, history of toothache, the absence of TDI, and strong SOC of the parents/caretakers influence the use of dental services by preschoolers.
Trust and Decision‐making in Times of Crisis: The EU's Response to the Events in Ukraine
Authors: Natorski Michal , Pomorska Karolina 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIt is a common assumption that through decades of co‐operation there has been an emergence of trust between the Member States of the European Union. Yet, we have little evidence about the nature of trust and its implications for decision‐making, in particular in times of crisis. Hence, our article's central question: how does trust matter in the process of decision‐making during crisis? Our argument is that uncertainty during the crisis enabled trust‐building between the actors: Member States and European institutions. In the case of the Ukrainian crisis, this happened in parallel to the decreasing levels of trust in EU–Russia relations. Consequently, the EU was able to agree and implement the instruments of coercive power. To illustrate our argument, we look at the adoption of EU sanctions in reaction to the annexation of Crimea, the downing of the Malaysian Airlines MH17 plane and the war in Donbass.
Screening for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Older Adults in the Emergency Department
Authors: Betz Marian E. , Arias Sarah A. , Segal Daniel L. , Miller Ivan , Camargo Carlos A. , Boudreaux Edwin D. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of self‐harm, suicidal ideation (SI), and suicide attempts (SA) in older adults in the emergency department (ED), including differences according to age, sex, and race and ethnicity.DesignQuasi‐experimental, multiphase, eight‐center study with prospective review of consecutive charts during enrollment shifts (November 2011–December 2014).SettingEight EDs in seven states, all with protocols for nurses to screen every patient for suicide risk (universal screening).ParticipantsAdults (≥18 years) registered in the ED.MeasurementsDemographic characteristics; documented screening for self‐harm, SI, or SA; and positive self‐harm, SI, or SA in those with screening performed.ResultsOf 142,534 visits, 23.3% were of individuals aged 60 and older. Documented screening for self‐harm, SI, or SA declined with age, from approximately 81% in younger age groups to a low of 68% in those aged 85 and older. The prevalence of positive screens for self‐harm, SI, or SA also declined with age, with peaks in young and middle‐age (9.0%) and reaching the lowest point after the age of 75 (1.2%).ConclusionDocumented screening for suicide risk declined with age in this large sample of individuals in the ED. Although the reason for this finding is unclear, at least part of the decline may be related to increasing rates of altered mentation or other individual‐level barriers to screening in the older population. These findings support the need for more‐detailed examination of the best methods for identifying—and treating—suicide risk in older adults.
Applicability of micro‐FTIR in detecting shale heterogeneity
Authors: GASAWAY CARLEY , MASTALERZ MARIA , KRAUSE FED , CLARKSON CHRIS , DEBUHR CHRIS 
Published: September 2016

SummarySamples of Late Devonian/Early Mississippian New Albany Shale from the Illinois Basin, having maturities ranging from early mature to postmature, were analysed using micro‐Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ImageJ processing software and scanning electron microscopic X‐ray spectroscopy to explore the distribution, connectivity and chemical composition of organic matter, clay minerals, carbonate minerals and quartz, and to further test the applicability of micro‐FTIR mapping to study shale heterogeneity. Each sample was analysed in planes parallel and perpendicular to the bedding to investigate anisotropy in component distribution, with a possible implication for better understanding anisotropy in porosity and permeability in organic‐matter‐rich shales. Our results show that for low‐maturity samples, organic matter is better connected in the plane parallel to the bedding than in the plane perpendicular to the bedding. Organic matter connectivity decreases with increasing maturity as a result of kerogen transformation. Clay minerals are very well connected in both planes, whereas carbonate minerals are not abundant whilst dominantly isolated in most samples, independent of maturity. This study demonstrates that micro‐FTIR mapping is a valuable tool for studying shale heterogeneity on a micrometre to millimetre scale that becomes even more powerful in combination with scanning electron microscopy techniques, which extend observations to a nanometre scale. However, to obtain meaningful and comparable results, micro‐FTIR mapping requires very careful standardization, precise selection of peak heights/areas and mapping conditions (such as aperture size, scan numbers, resolution, etc.) well suited for the analysed samples.
Factors Influencing Removable Partial Denture Patient‐Reported Outcomes of Quality of Life and Satisfaction: A Systematic Review
Authors: De Kok Ingeborg J. , Cooper Lyndon F. , Guckes Albert D. , McGraw Kathleen , Wright Robert F. , Barrero Carlos J. , Bak Sun‐Yung , Stoner Lisa O. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeA systematic search of the literature was performed to identify and characterize articles reporting the influence of removable partial denture (RPD) therapy on satisfaction and quality of life (QoL).Materials and MethodsThe literature search for relevant articles published between January 1983 and March 30, 2013 was conducted using keyword searches of electronic databases and complimentary hand searches. The search strategy included the following keyword combinations (MeSH and free‐text terms): fail, complication, surviv*, longevity, outcome, patient satisfaction or QoL, and denture or prosthes*, and partial and removable. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles focused on the effect of RPD therapy were reviewed and classified according to Strength‐of‐Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) criteria.ResultsThe combined search identified 997 publications; 198 duplicates were identified and removed, leaving 799 references for further evaluation. After abstract review, 209 articles were selected and read; 18 reports representing findings from 4002 patients were included. While two studies were prospective comparative investigations, the majority of studies represented cross‐sectional and retrospective studies. Different instruments were used to measure oral health‐quality of life (OHQoL) and satisfaction. Several investigations reported a significant association of satisfaction and QoL with either (a) age of the patient, (b) number of occluding dental units replaced, (c) replacement of anterior teeth, and (d) nature of the opposing arch.ConclusionsA paucity of detailed investigations concerning outcomes of RPD therapy was noted. Improvement in OHQoL or satisfaction following provision of RPDs was not consistently reported. There is little evidence supporting any association between patient‐reported QoL or satisfaction with technical or biological parameters of therapy. Therapeutic success of tooth replacement using RPDs should be carefully considered and compared with alternatives.
In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers: Effect of Nano‐particles
Authors: Akay Canan , Cevik Pinar , Karakis Duygu , Sevim Handan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeSilicone elastomers are generally used for maxillofacial extraoral prostheses. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of different kinds of nanoparticles added to two types of maxillofacial elastomers.Materials and MethodsA‐2000 and A‐2006 silicone elastomers were used. The silicone specimens were divided into eight groups according to the presence of additional nanoparticles (n = 18). The following represents the groups in the study: Group A: A‐2000 silicone (control group); Group B: A‐2006 silicone (control group); Group C: A‐2000 silicone and the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2); Group D: A‐2006 silicone and the addition of TiO2; Group E: A‐2000 silicone and the addition of fumed silica; Group F: A‐2006 silicone and the addition of fumed silica; Group G: A‐2000 silicone and the addition of silaned silica; Group H: A‐2006 silicone and the addition of silaned silica. A paired samplet‐test was used to analyze the cytotoxicity of each group after 24, 48, and 72 hours.ResultsBased on the results of the 24‐hour analysis, the biocompatibility values of the (A‐2006) fumed silica group were higher than those of the control groups. There was no statistically significant difference in A‐2006 and A‐2000 groups. The cytotoxicity values of the control groups and TiO2(A‐2000 silicone) elastomer groups increased at all test times; however, the cytotoxicity values of the TiO2(A‐2006), fumed silica (A‐2006), silaned silica (A‐2006), fumed silica (A‐2000), and silaned silica (A‐2000) groups increased significantly only from 24 to 48 hours.ConclusionNanoparticles of TiO2, fumed silica, and silaned silica added to a commercial silicone‐based elastomer used for fabrication of maxillofacial prostheses are nontoxic.