bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-10–Modulated Human Dendritic Cells for Clinical Use: Identification of a Stable and Migratory Subset with Improved Tolerogenic Activity
Authors: Kryczanowsky Fanny , Raker Verena , Graulich Edith , Domogalla Matthias P. , Steinbrink Kerstin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of protective immune responses and tolerance to (self-)Ags. Therefore, the scientific rationale for the use of tolerogenic DC therapy in the fields of allergies, autoimmunity, and transplantation medicine is strong. In this study, we analyzed the tolerogenic capacity of IL-10–modulated DC (IL-10DC) subpopulations to identify a DC subset that combines potent immunosuppressive activities with valuable immune properties for clinical implementation. IL-10DCs consist of two phenotypically distinct subpopulations: CD83highCCR7+ IL-10DCs and CD83lowCCR7− IL-10DCs. Suppressor assays with activated effector T cells revealed that CD4+ regulatory T cells generated by CD83high IL-10DCs (iTreg+) exhibited a significantly higher suppressive capacity compared with CD4+ regulatory T cells generated by CD83low IL-10DCs (iTreg−). In this context, iTreg+ displayed a more activated phenotype (proliferation, cytokine production) compared with iTreg−. In contrast to CD83low IL-10DCs, CD83high IL-10DCs exerted a strong migratory capacity toward the secondary lymphoid organ chemokine CCL21 and retained a functionally stable phenotype under inflammatory conditions. In addition, CD83high IL-10DCs expressed significantly higher levels of surface and soluble CD25. Functional analysis demonstrated that IL-10DC–related soluble CD25 efficiently inhibited the proliferation of activated T cells and that blockade of CD25 function abolished the induction of regulatory T cells by IL-10DCs, indicating a critical role for IL-10DC–related CD25 in shifting the immune response toward an iTreg− controlled tolerance reaction. In conclusion, the selective use of the CD83high IL-10DC subset may result in a higher efficacy of tolerance induction in vivo and may support the development of novel DC vaccination strategies for transplantations, as well as for allergic and autoimmune diseases.
Long-term follow-up and patient satisfaction after reduction mammoplasty: Superomedial versus inferior pedicle
Authors: Makboul Mohamed , Abdelhamid Mahmoud S. , Al-Attar Ghada S. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Surgery for hypertrophied breasts represents a challenge for plastic surgeons. The search for a good post-surgical cosmetic breast has led to the development of many techniques. Objectives for reduction mammoplasty are to achieve elevated, symmetrical breasts, a round shape, good projection, small cicatrices that are not very perceptible, and a lasting result. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on sixty cases who had done reduction mammoplasty from January 2009 to December 2014. All patients were examined and were asked for late post-operative results and overall patients’ satisfaction. Results: Long-term projection and contour of the breast were more satisfactory among patients who had superomedial pedicle with a statistically significant difference. No statistically significant difference was observed between patients underwent either superomedial or inferior pedicle reduction mammoplasty with regard to breast shape symmetry, nipple symmetry and sensation. The mean score for satisfaction was higher among patients who underwent superomedial pedicle rather than the inferior pedicle method. Conclusion: The superomedial pedicle shows better long-term cosmetic results.
Anterior urethral diverticulum: A rare presentation
Authors: Gopalkrishna Annavarupu , Sharma Somendra Mohan , Ananda B. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTCongenital anomalies of the urogenital tract are the most common anomalies found in the foetus, neonates and infants, but anterior urethral valves and diverticula are rare. Here, we present a case with congenital anterior urethral diverticulum associated with patent ductus arteriosus and polydactyly.
Effect of external volume expansion on the survival of fat grafts
Authors: Reddy Raghuveer , Iyer Subramania , Sharma Mohit , Vijayaraghavan Sundeep , Kishore P. , Mathew Jimmy , Unni A. K. K. , Reshmi P. , Sharma Rakesh , Prasad Chaya 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Introduction: External volume expansion (EVE) is one method, which has been utilised for increasing the survival of adipose tissue grafts. EVE releases positive pressure from the graft and also induces intense levels of edema that decreases diffusion of metabolites essential for graft survival initially. The ideal timing of external volume expansion in relation to the injection of the fat to facilitate survival is not yet clear. Aims and Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the efficacy of external volume expansion applied at variable time points in relation to the injection of the fat. Materials and Methods: Athymic mouse was the animal model and human lipo-aspirate mixed with PRP was used as graft. An indigenous dome shaped silicone device was fabricated to deliver a negative pressure of -30 mm of Hg. The EVE was applied at variable time intervals. At the end of 4 weeks visual, histological and radiological features of the injected fat were compared. The adipose tissue was stained with human vimentin to ascertain the origin of the retained fat. Results: All the grafts, which had EVE, had significantly better volume retention and vascularity. The groups which underwent a delayed EVE or prior expansion followed by concomitant graft injection and expansion showed the most optimal vascularity and graft retention. Conclusions: A delayed EVE or prior expansion followed by concomitant graft injection and expansion may be the most ideal combinations to optimize graft take. However, on account of the relatively small sample size, there was a limitation in drawing statistically significant conclusions for certain variables.
Premenarchal labia minora hypertrophy
Authors: Agrawal Karoon , Patel Pankaj Kumar , Sahu Shamendra Anand 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTLabia minora hypertrophy is a relatively uncommon surgical entity being popularised in the realm of vulvovaginal plastic surgeries. Apart from the unaesthetic appearance of the hypertrophied minora, these cases are also associated with itching, hygiene problem, pain while sitting down, sports activities, difficulty in wearing tight clothing, bleeding and discomfort while or after sexual intercourse, social embarrassment, insecurity and psychological diminution of confidence and self-esteem. In a country like India, due to sociocultural reasons, patients hesitate to consult a doctor for such deformities. Most of the patients suffer in silence for years. Although common in the west, very few surgeons in the country perform this simple and rewarding surgery. Here, we are presenting a case of premenarchal juvenile labia minora hypertrophy (JLMH) in an 8-year-old child. Labial hypertrophy in this age group is uncommon. We were unable to find hypertrophy of labia minora in the eight-year-old child on English literature search.
Passage through the carotid sheath: An alternative path to the pre-spinal route for direct repair of contralateral C7 to the lower trunk in total brachial plexus root avulsion injury
Authors: Doshi Piyush Bhupendra , Bhatt Yogesh Chimanbhai 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Context: In surgical management of global brachial plexus injuries, direct repair of contralateral C7 (cC7) to the anterior division of the lower trunk, can produce good extrinsic finger flexion. The pitfalls associated with the pre-spinal passage have, perhaps, proved to be a deterrent for using this technique routinely. Aims: The aim of this study is to demonstrate an alternative to pre-spinal route for cC7 transfer in brachial plexus avulsion injuries. Methods: We noted that the mobilised lower trunk, which reaches the level of the scalenus anterior by passage deep to the clavicle, can be brought to the suprasternal notch when brought out from below the clavicle. This area was dissected in two cadavres, and safe passage was found through the carotid sheath with the common carotid artery medially and the internal jugular vein with the vagus nerve laterally. The cC7 root dissected medial to the scalenus anterior muscle can be directly transferred along this path to the subcutaneous plane at the suprasternal notch. This study allowed us to execute a direct repair in ten clinical cases of global brachial plexus injuries. In each case, the passage was prepared rapidly and uneventfully. The repair was technically simple and could be performed comfortably using suitable fine suture materials. In none of these cases, did we need to shorten the humerus. Results: The clinical outcome of this technique is awaited. Conclusions: We advocate carotid sheath route to approximate the cC7 to the injured lower trunk in global palsies, as the risks associated with the pre-spinal route can be readily avoided.
Cannibalisme bactérien : le renouveau ?
Authors: Philippon Alain 
Published: September 2016

Predatory bacteria : rebirth ?
The discovery of predatory bacteria is recent. These lytic bacteria, mainly incurved rods (d-proteobacteria) prey upon Gram-negative rods and justify some hope as alternative to antibiotics. A lot of publications has given details on the genus Bdellovibrio and the species, Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus,
tiny and incurved Gram-negative rod, motile, aerobic and obligatory predation of a host. Its spectrum of action was directed among various Gram-negative rods pathogens for humans and animals : enterobacteria, various species of Pseudomonas, vibrios... Such bacteria were isolated from several ecosystems : soil, waters from rivers, estuaries and mammal stools. The lytic cycle (3-4 hours) was individualized including steps : attachment, penetration into periplasmic space with a burst size of 3-6 cells, and liberation (lysis). Finally the absence of multiplication on cell cultures combined to low inflammatory in animals conducted to use such bacteria as alternative. Nevertheless the discoveries of broad-spectrum antibiotics limited further research on cannibalism. Fortunately the emergence of multiresistant bacteria to antibiotics highlighted the rebirth of predatory bacteria. Other publications gave details on taxonomy of new genera (Bacteriolyticum, Bacteriovorax, Halobacteriovorax, Peredibacter, Variovorax), on genomes varying from 2.97 to 3.85 Md, equivalent between 3100 and 3800 genes coding for enzymes for anaerobic respiration, partial hydrolysis of peptidoglycan (glycanase, peptidases), and numerous proteases, nucleases, low toxicity of LPS. Such characteristics justified perspectives as agent of biocontrol by accurate individualization of in vitro spectrum in wound, ocular, gingival and broncho-pulmonary infections. The effects of B. bacteriovorus on well-being and Salmonella colonization were detailed in chickens and cattle. Bdellovibrio has various applications in food industry as control in blight for soybean, modulators of vibrios in seawater, oysters and shrimps. Finally Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs) are effective at reducing through predation the population of harmful bacteria, support for its potential use as a probiotic. Nevertheless we need more investigations particularly in medical field.
Questioning the validity, veracity and viability of the case for “Cogno-normative (complementary) epistemology”: A conversation with Chimakonam
Authors: Nweke Victor CA 
Published: September 2016

In this short conversation, I will engage Jonathan Chimakonam’s essay entitled “The knowledge Question in African Philosophy: A Case for Cogno-Normative (Complementary) Epistemology” published as the chapter four of [Atuolu Omalu: Some Unanswered Questions in Contemporary African Philosophy]. I will identify the major submissions of the essay and engage them critically with the aim of opening new vistas of thought. My method will be conversationalim.Keywords: Conversational philosophy, Jonathan Chimakonam, African philosophy, epistemology, cogno-normative
La parametrización, una herramienta informática como ayuda en eL proceso creativo deL arquitecto. La cubierta de un centro budista en tenerife
Authors: Gilabert Sanz Salvador 
Published: September 2016

<p>Los procesos creativos de la arquitectura son múltiples y a veces conceptualmente variados; en el proyecto para la cubierta de un centro budista en Tenerife, pretendimos no alejarnos de un proceso creativo de integración entre el lugar, el programa o el presupuesto, pero introduciendo además, conceptos básicos propios, e inspirándonos en otras artes plásticas. Hemos intentado diluir cualquier frontera mental, creado tramas entre toda esta información para intergar estos conceptos diversos en la materialización del proyecto.</p>
The Niwot Ridge Subalpine Forest US-NR1 AmeriFlux site – Part 1: Data acquisition and site record-keeping
Authors: Burns Sean P. , Maclean Gordon D. , Blanken Peter D. , Oncley Steven P. , Semmer Steven R. , Monson Russell K. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The Niwot Ridge Subalpine Forest AmeriFlux site (US-NR1) has been measuring eddy-covariance ecosystem fluxes of carbon dioxide, heat, and water vapor since 1 November 1998. Throughout this 17-year period there have been changes to the instrumentation and improvements to the data acquisition system. Here, in Part 1 of this three-part series of papers, we describe the hardware and software used for data-collection and metadata documentation. We made changes to the data acquisition system that aimed to reduce the system complexity, increase redundancy, and be as independent as possible from any network outages. Changes to facilitate these improvements were (1) switching to a PC/104-based computer running the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) In-Situ Data Acquisition Software (NIDAS) that saves the high-frequency data locally and over the network, and (2) time-tagging individual 10 Hz serial data samples using network time protocol (NTP) coupled to a GPS-based clock, providing a network-independent, accurate time base. Since making these improvements almost 2 years ago, the successful capture of high-rate data has been better than 99.98 %. We also provide philosophical concepts that shaped our design of the data system and are applicable to many different types of environmental data collection.
Expanding HadISD: quality-controlled, sub-daily station data from 1931
Authors: Dunn Robert J. H. , Willett Kate M. , Parker David E. , Mitchell Lorna 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. HadISD is a sub-daily, station-based, quality-controlled dataset designed to study past extremes of temperature, pressure and humidity and allow comparisons to future projections. Herein we describe the first major update to the HadISD dataset. The temporal coverage of the dataset has been extended to 1931 to present, doubling the time range over which data are provided. Improvements made to the station selection and merging procedures result in 7677 stations being provided in version 2.0.0.2015p of this dataset. The selection of stations to merge together making composites has also been improved and made more robust. The underlying structure of the quality control procedure is the same as for HadISD.1.0.x, but a number of improvements have been implemented in individual tests. Also, more detailed quality control tests for wind speed and direction have been added. The data will be made available as NetCDF files at http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisd and updated annually.
Basic controller tuning for large offshore wind turbines
Authors: Merz Karl O. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. When a wind turbine operates above the rated wind speed, the blade pitch may be governed by a basic single-input–single-output PI controller, with the shaft speed as input. The performance of the wind turbine depends upon the tuning of the gains and filters of this controller. Rules of thumb, based upon pole placement, with a rigid model of the rotor, are inadequate for tuning the controller of large, flexible, offshore wind turbines. It is shown that the appropriate controller tuning is highly dependent upon the characteristics of the aeroelastic model: no single reference controller can be defined for use with all models. As an example, the ubiquitous National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW wind turbine controller is unstable when paired with a fully flexible aeroelastic model. A methodical search is conducted, in order to find models with a minimum number of degrees of freedom, which can be used to tune the controller for a fully flexible aeroelastic model; this can be accomplished with a model containing 16–20 states. Transient aerodynamic effects, representing rotor-average properties, account for five of these states. A simple method is proposed to reduce the full transient aerodynamic model, and the associated turbulent wind spectra, to the rotor average. Ocean waves are also an important source of loading; it is recommended that the shaft speed signal be filtered such that wave-driven tower side-to-side vibrations do not appear in the PI controller output. An updated tuning for the NREL 5 MW controller is developed using a Pareto front technique. This fixes the instability and gives good performance with fully flexible aeroelastic models.
“A Cosmic Shoulder for the Public to Lean Upon”: Gertrude Gordon and the Rise of Women Journalists
Authors: Olson Candi Carter 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
From 1900 through the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment and the 1920s, women journalists were making great strides in newsrooms and the public sphere. Gertrude Gordon, who was born Gertrude Kelley, was one of the newswomen whose work changed public perceptions of women's roles and abilities. As Pittsburgh's first sob sister and the first woman to earn a byline at a Pittsburgh paper, Gordon's reportage made her a figure that others revered and honored as courageous. This article uses Gordon's published writings, letters to the editor and other ephemera reacting to Gordon's articles, and archival evidence to show how Gordon framed women's lives and work. In addition, this article shows how her stories moved audiences to engage with issues important to early twentieth century women and to imagine new roles for women.
Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in a Dog Following Initiation of Therapy for Concurrent Hypoadrenocorticism and Hypothyroidism
Authors: Paik Jooyae , Kang Ji-Houn , Chang Dongwoo , Yang Mhan-Pyo 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
A 5 yr old intact female cocker spaniel dog weighing 7.8 kg was referred with anorexia, vomiting, and depression. At referral, the dog was diagnosed initially with typical hypoadrenocorticism, and 2 d later, concurrent primary hypothyroidism was detected. Hormonal replacement therapies, including fludrocortisone, prednisolone, and levothyroxine, were initiated, but a few days later the dog became abruptly tachypneic, and thoracic radiographs indicated the development of pulmonary edema. Echocardiography showed that there were abnormalities indicating impaired left ventricular function, although the heart valves were normal. Following treatment with pimobendan and furosemide, the pulmonary edema resolved. The dog had no recurrence of the clinical signs after 10 mo of follow-up, despite being off all cardiac medications; consequently, the cardiac failure was transient or reversible in this dog. The case report describes the stepwise diagnosis and successful treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema after initiation of hormonal replacement therapy for concurrent hypoadrenocorticism and hypothyroidism in a dog.
Temporary Rectal Stenting for Management of Severe Perineal Wounds in Two Dogs
Authors: Skinner Owen T. , Cuddy Laura C. , Coisman James G. , Covey Jennifer L. , Ellison Gary W. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTPerineal wounds in dogs present a challenge due to limited local availability of skin for closure and constant exposure to fecal contaminants. This report describes temporary rectal stenting in two dogs following severe perineal wounds. Dog 1 presented with a 4 × 4 cm full-thickness perineal slough secondary to multiple rectal perforations. A 12 mm internal diameter endotracheal tube was placed per-rectum as a temporary stent to minimize fecal contamination. The stent was removed 18 days after placement, and the perineal wound had healed at 32 days post-stent placement, when a minor rectal stricture associated with mild, intermittent tenesmus was detected. Long-term outcome was deemed good. Dog 2 presented with multiple necrotic wounds with myiasis, circumferentially surrounding the anus and extending along the tail. A 14 mm internal diameter endotracheal tube was placed per-rectum. The perineal and tail wounds were managed with surgical debridement and wet-to-dry and honey dressings prior to caudectomy and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Delayed secondary wound closure and stent removal were performed on day six without complication. Long-term outcome was deemed excellent. Temporary rectal stenting may be a useful technique for fecal diversion to facilitate resolution of complex perineal injuries, including rectal perforation.
Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Presumptively Normal Canine Sternal Lymph Nodes
Authors: Iwasaki Ryota , Mori Takashi , Ito Yusuke , Kawabe Mifumi , Murakmi Mami , Maruo Kohji 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe sternal lymph nodes receive drainage from a wide variety of structures in the thoraco-abdominal region. Evaluation of these lymph nodes is essential, especially in cancer patients. Computed tomography (CT) can detect sternal lymph nodes more accurately than radiography or ultrasonography, and the criteria of the sternal lymphadenopathy are unknown. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the CT characteristics of the sternal lymph nodes in dogs considered unlikely to have lymphadenopathy. The ratio of the short axis dimension of the sternal lymph nodes to the thickness of the second sternebra was also investigated. At least one sternal lymph node was identified in each of the 152 dogs included in the study. The mean long axis and short axis dimensions were 0.700 cm and 0.368 cm, respectively. The mean ratio of the sternal lymph nodes to the second sternebrae was 0.457, and the 95% prediction interval ranged from 0.317 to 0.596 (almost a fixed value independent of body weight). These findings will be useful when evaluating sternal lymphadenopathy using CT.
Recent Advances in Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Drink Samples Using LPME Techniques Coupled to GC-MS and LC-MS: a Review
Authors: Lawal Abubakar , Tan Guan Huat , Alsharif Ali Mohammed Ali 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Food quality and food safety are major challenges affecting agricultural and industrial aspects of production. Many contaminants from different sources contaminate foods and drinks, leading to disastrous health problems like gene mutations and cancer. Previously, many different methods have been used for the analysis of these contaminants. Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) has been the most well-known conventional technique used, but its limitations are its tediousness, time required, and the use of large quantities of toxic organic solvents. These limitations have led to the search for other, efficient techniques that are more environmentally friendly. Hence, this review highlights recent advances in liquid-phase (single-drop, hollow fiber, and dispersive liquid–liquid) microextraction procedures for food and drink analyses. Such modifications can be justified for solving limitations associated with the traditional LLE method. The objective of this review is to serve as a reference platform for providing effective management tools for solving problems of pollution, clean-up, and control of food quality and safety globally.