bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Imputation Model for Dropouts in Unemployment Data
Authors: Nilsson Petra 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Incomplete unemployment data is a fundamental problem when evaluating labour market policies in several countries. Many unemployment spells end for unknown reasons; in the Swedish Public Employment Service’s register as many as 20 percent. This leads to an ambiguity regarding destination states (employment, unemployment, retired, etc.). According to complete combined administrative data, the employment rate among dropouts was close to 50 for the years 1992 to 2006, but from 2007 the employment rate has dropped to 40 or less. This article explores an imputation approach. We investigate imputation models estimated both on survey data from 2005/2006 and on complete combined administrative data from 2005/2006 and 2011/2012. The models are evaluated in terms of their ability to make correct predictions. The models have relatively high predictive power.
The Marginal Effects in Subgroup Decomposition of the Gini Index
Authors: Ogwang Tomson 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this article, we derive the elasticity of the Gini index with respect to changes in subgroup incomes for subgroups that are characterized by significant income separation. The resulting elasticity, which is structurally similar to that of the empirically popular Lerman and Yitzhaki’s (1985) elasticity for Gini income-source decomposition, entails easy and transparent computations. Some possible checks for income separation are described and an illustrative example using Canadian data is provided. The advantages of the proposed methodology over the Shapley value approach to Gini subgroup decomposition are stated.
Nonrespondent Subsample Multiple Imputation in Two-Phase Sampling for Nonresponse
Authors: Zhang Nanhua , Chen Henian , Elliott Michael R. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Nonresponse is very common in epidemiologic surveys and clinical trials. Common methods for dealing with missing data (e.g., complete-case analysis, ignorable-likelihood methods, and nonignorable modeling methods) rely on untestable assumptions. Nonresponse two-phase sampling (NTS), which takes a random sample of initial nonrespondents for follow-up data collection, provides a means to reduce nonresponse bias. However, traditional weighting methods to analyze data from NTS do not make full use of auxiliary variables. This article proposes a method called nonrespondent subsample multiple imputation (NSMI), where multiple imputation (Rubin 1987) is performed within the subsample of nonrespondents in Phase I using additional data collected in Phase II. The properties of the proposed methods by simulation are illustrated and the methods applied to a quality of life study. The simulation study shows that the gains from using the NTS scheme can be substantial, even if NTS sampling only collects data from a small proportion of the initial nonrespondents.
Is early breast milk fortification more effective in preterm infants?: a clinical trial
Authors: Alizadeh Taheri Peymaneh , Sajjadian Negar , Asgharyan Fargi Marzieh , Shariat Mamak 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjective:Breast feeding alone does not provide adequate nutrition for growth in preterm infants; therefore, fortifiers are added when over 70–80 cc/kg/day of breast milk is tolerated. As there are few studies comparing early and late breast milk fortification, the following study was conducted.Study design:This double-blind clinical trial was performed on 80 preterm infants (gestational age of 28–34 weeks, birth weight <2 kg). The newborns were randomly divided into two groups to receive either early or late fortification. The primary and secondary outcomes were the difference in growth indices and complications (including feeding intolerance, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and septicemia) between the two groups, respectively.Results:Both groups showed increases in growth indices; however, there was no statistically significant difference in increments of growth indices and complications between the two groups.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that early fortification from the first feeding in neonates with exclusive breast feeding did not improve growth in the first 4 weeks in preterm neonates in comparison with late fortification; so early fortification may not be cost effective.
Chemical constituents and ovicidal effects of mahlab, Prunus mahaleb L. kernels oil on cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) eggs
Authors: Mead Hala M. , El-Shafiey Samah N. , Sabry Hend M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The carried out investigations evaluated ovicidal activity of mahlab, Prunus mahaleb L. kernel oil against cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). The chemical constituents of the fixed oil of mahlab were analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Timnodonic (33.07%), oleic (28.71%) and linoleic (24.35%) were the basic fatty acids, while the major hydrocarbon and sterol were found to be heneicosane (62.57%) and β-sitosterol (10.57%). The LC50 values for the one-day-old egg masses were found to be more susceptible than 3-day-old ones. Moreover, the leaf dip technique occurred to be more efficient than spraying technique. The results also showed abnormalities in the external morphology of egg shell, chorion surface, shell imprints and aeropyles of S. littoralis eggs treated with mahlab and KZ oils as compared to a control by using scanning electron microscope. Generally, the tested oils significantly reduced the activities of transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT), acid and alkaline phosphatases and total soluble protein except mahlab oil on acid phosphatase as compared to a control. Additionally, the oils of both mahlab and KZ oil affected some biological aspects such as incubation period, larval duration, larval mortality and pupal weight comparing to a control.
Wild boar offal as a probable source of Aujeszky’s disease virus for hunting dogs in Poland
Authors: Szczotka-Bochniarz Anna , Lipowski Andrzej , Kycko Anna , Sell Bartosz , Ziółkowski Michał , Małek Barbara 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroduction:Aujeszky’s disease (AD), most often related to infection of domestic and feral swine, may also concern other mammals, including dogs. The disease in carnivores, related to consumption of raw meat or offal contaminated with AD virus, is manifested by severe neurological disorders and inevitably leads to animal’s death.Material and Methods:Karelian bear dog was euthanised due to nervous symptoms that started two days after participation in wild boar hunting. After exclusion of rabies the dog’s carcass was subjected to standard necropsy. Tissue samples were collected for histological examination. Samples of the brain were tested for ADV by real-time PCR and virus isolation. Samples of the liver were collected for toxicological examination.Results:The presence of ADV was confirmed by real-time PCR and virus isolation. Toxicological examination revealed anticoagulant poisoning. This is the first case of Aujeszky’s disease (AD) in a hunting dog in Poland after exposure to ADV from offal of wild boar.Conclusion:This infection should be taken into consideration in differential diagnosis of syndromes of neurological disorders in dogs. Since AD is found in both domestic pigs and wild boar in Poland, special care must be taken to prevent spread of infection to other species.
Changes in blood parameters induced by experimental jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus infection
Authors: Dudek Katarzyna , Lutnicki Krzysztof , Bednarek Dariusz , Marczuk Jan , Kycko Anna , Reichert Michał 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the changes of blood parameters in 12 three-week-old Polish Merino sheep subjected to experimental jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) infection.

Material and Methods: Haematological (WBC with leukocyte subpopulations: GRA, LYM, MID, and RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, HGB, HCT, PLT, and MPV) and biochemical blood parameters (acid/base balance, cation/anion content, and gasometry) were determined in blood samples collected one month after JSRV infection, then at four-week intervals for five consecutive months.

Results: A decrease in RBC, HCT, MCV, PLT, MPV, and LYM values in comparison with controls was found in the last month of observation. On the other hand, at the same time, an increase in HGB, MCH, MCHC, WBC, MID, and GRA indices was observed. Moreover, at the end of experiment blood gasometric indices such as pCO2, HCO3, and tCO2, and Na and K ion concentrations were higher in the affected lambs than in the healthy animals. The pH values of the challenged animals exhibited less alkaline character than in the case of controls, which was associated with a decrease in O2% saturation. However, the majority of differences between JSRV inoculated and control groups was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: The observed changes in the examined blood parameters can be considered as prodromal symptoms in the preclinical phase of adenocarcinoma development associated with JSRV infection.
Real-time quantitative PCR for detection and identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2
Authors: Dors Arkadiusz , Kowalczyk Andrzej , Pomorska-Mól Małgorzata 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Introduction: Porcine pleuropneumonia inflicts important economic losses on most commercial herds. Detection of subclinical or chronic infection in animals still remains a challenge, as isolation and identification of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes is difficult and quantification of the bacteria on agar plates is often almost impossible. The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate a serotype-specific quantitative TaqMan probe-based PCR for detection of serotype 2 in pig lungs, tonsils, and nasal swabs.

Material and Methods: The primers were designed from the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis genes of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2. PCR specificity and sensitivity were evaluated using reference strains and several other bacterial species commonly isolated from pigs.

Results: The real-time qPCR for detection of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 was highly specific and gave no false positives with other serotypes or different bacterial species of pig origin. The detection limit for pure culture was 1.2 × 104 CFU/mL, for lung tissue and nasal swabs it was 1.2 × 105 CFU/mL, and for tonsils - 1.2 × 105 CFU/mL.

Conclusion: The method can be used to serotype A. pleuropneumoniae isolates obtained during cultivation and to detect and identify A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 directly in nasal swabs and tonsil scrapings obtained from live pigs or lung tissue and tonsils collected post-mortem.
Usefulness of immunohistochemical indicators for diagnosis and prognosis of poorly differentiated tumours
Authors: Kandefer-Gola Małgorzata , Nowak Marcin , Ciaputa Rafał , Madej Janusz A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractImmunohistochemical studies have become an indispensable element of establishing the correct histopathological diagnosis of poorly differentiated lesions, proving particularly suitable, and occasionally indispensable, for diagnosis of poorly differentiated neoplastic tumours. Knowledge of the mechanism of action and normal reaction of individual proteins is required in selection of the antibody pattern for a given tissue and in evaluation of the obtained results. This paper aims to promote the application of immunohistochemical techniques in routine diagnosis, especially in cases of poorly differentiated or undifferentiated tumours.
What can Lithuania offer for its Security?: Foreign Policy Dilemmas in Lithuania’s Relations with the United States
Authors: Jurgelevičiūtė Diana 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Strategic partnership between states is a reciprocal exchange built on mutual commitment. The significance of the United States to Lithuania is unquestionable. However, why should the U.S. care about Lithuania? The emphasis on the U.S. interests and policies allows ignoring the question about Lithuania’s engagement and input into the partnership. Therefore, this article asks how does Lithuania contribute to the strategic partnership with the U.S.? To be precise, does Lithuania support and pledge its allegiance to the U.S. when this support goes beyond the limits of direct responsibilities of strategic partner, or even enters into a conflict with other important responsibilities or interests of the state?
NATO, Russia and the Discourse of Danger: Analysing the Rhetoric of NATO Secretary General A.F. Rasmussen
Authors: Ališauskas Tadas 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This article examines the political rhetoric of NATO Secretary General Anders F. Rasmussen during his term in office (2009–2014). The officially conducted public diplomacy of A. F. Rasmussen is analysed based on the poststructuralist theoretical assumptions in order to detect the manifestations of discourse of danger in NATO-Russia relations during the years 2009–2014.
The empirical data under review (official discourse of A. F. Rasmussen) is interpreted in the light of NATO–Russia relations by determining the main stages, dominating themes and discursive representations of these relations during the analysed period. Based on the tendencies in articulating dangers to NATO, this paper examines the Alliance’s position and its alternation vis-à-vis Russia in international system.
Iranian foreign policy and discourse of divine justice
Authors: Koreivaitė Ieva 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Iran nuclear negotiations, which resulted in an agreement in Vienna on the 14 July 2015 after signing The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, and its aftermath is one of the key topics of inquiry in recent decade. The density of the debate is primarily emanating from concerns related to the security questions of the Middle East and to the sensitivity of Israeli security situation. Moreover, it arises from the complexity of the whole negotiation process. Such issues like Supreme Leader’s Ali Khamene’i’s fatwa designating sinfulness to the nuclear capacity, his after-deal speech, calling for the enmity between Iran and the United States, Iran’s declared aim to implement global justice and other cases are not customary acts of the state and the study of Iranian foreign policy is not substantive using customary instruments of analysis of International Relations. The article refers to the problem of knowledge production on Iran, and suggests that it mainly resulted from the lack of exchange between International Relations and Middle Eastern studies. This article aims to point at the authority of the ideas in Iran’s foreign policy that Islam or Islamic ideologies like Khumaynism produce. Therefore the article focuses on the main narratives of the First Supreme Leader Ruhullah Khumayni’s concept of justice in order to, first, explain the key points in Iran’s position during negotiations and its aftermath and, second, to introduce the study of the concept of justice as a productive source of information and an approach for further analysis of Iranian foreign policy.
The Development of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials Industry in Science and Entrepreneurship: Socioeconomic and Technical Indicators. A Case Study of Latvia (Part One)
Authors: Geipele I. , Geipele S. , Staube T. , Ciemleja G. , Zeltins N. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The present scientific paper is the first part of two publications, where the authors obtain results from the scientific research presented in a series of works on the development of the nanotechnologies and advanced materials industry in science and entrepreneurship in Latvia. The study has a focus on finding proper socioeconomic and technical indicators. It provides resume on a scope of the study. The paper contains the developed structure of engineering economic indicator system, determined groups of indicators for assessment of the development of nanotechnologies and advanced materials industry in Latvia and results of the evaluation of the obtained statistics on the economic indicators.
Interleaved DC-DC Converter with Discrete Duty Cycle and Open Loop Control
Authors: Kroics K. , Sokolovs A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The authors present the control principle of the multiphase interleaved DC-DC converter that can be used to vastly reduce output current ripple of the converter. The control algorithm can be easily implemented by using microcontroller without current loop in each phase. The converter works in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) but close to boundary conduction mode (BCM). The DC-DC converter with such a control algorithm is useful in applications that do not require precise current adjustment. The prototype of the converter has been built. The experimental results of the current ripple are presented in the paper.
Distribution of phenols related to self-heating and water washing on coal-waste dumps and in coaly material from the Bierawka river (Poland)
Authors: Nádudvari Ádám , Fabiańska Monika J. , Misz-Kennan Magdalena 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Several types of coal waste (freshly-dumped waste, self-heated waste and waste eroded by rain water), river sediments and river water were sampled. The aim was to identify the types of phenols present on the dumps together with their relative abundances. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of a large number of samples (234) statistically underpin the phenol distributions in the sample sets. The largest average relative contents (1.17-13.3%) of phenols occur in the self-heated samples. In these, relatively high amounts of phenol, C1- and C2-phenols reflect the thermal destruction of vitrinite. In fresh coal waste, C2- and C3-phenols that originated from the bacterial/fungal degradation and oxidation of vitrinite particles are the most common (0.6 rel.%). Water-washed coal waste and water samples contain lower quantities of phenols. In the river sediments, the phenols present are the result of bacterial- or fungal decay of coaly organic matter or are of industrial origin.
Crystal structure of [tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine-κ3
N](isonicotinate-κO) cobalt(II) [tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine-κ3
N](isonicotinic acid-κO) cobalt(II) triperchlorate, C60H51N16O16Cl3Co2
Authors: Zhang Ting-Ting , Li Guan-Nan , Nie Feng-Mei 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
C60H51N16O16Cl3Co2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 35.652(4) Å, b = 14.1314(16) Å, c = 25.141(3) Å, β = 105.113(2)°, V = 12228(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0651, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1663, T = 103(2) K.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-(hexane-1,6-diyl)bis(3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis(hexafluoro phosphate), C14H24F12N4P2
Authors: Xu-Liang Nie , Juan-Hua Kong , Jing Chen , Jin-Zhu Chen , Wan-Ming Xiong 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
C14H24F12N4P2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.8173(12) Å, b = 8.8845(12) Å, c = 9.1494(12) Å, α = 62.2060(10)°, β = 64.2980(10)°, γ = 89.661(2)°, V = 553.72(13) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0746, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2038, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of dibromido-bis[μ-1-[(2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-benzotriazole-κN]mercury(II), C30H26Br2HgN10
Authors: Wang Xia , Shi Jing-Jing , Zhang Shu-Ling , Li Han-Bing 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
C30H26Br2HgN10, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 15.5262(6) Å, b = 13.2099(7) Å, c = 14.8370(5) Å, β = 95.688(3)°, V = 3028.1(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0329, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0561, T = 291(2) K.
Corporate Governance of Banks in Poland and Slovenia
Authors: Pašić Polona , Bratina Borut , Festić Mejra 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This paper focuses on the analysis of the characteristics of corporate governance in banks in Poland and Slovenia between 2005 and 2013. It studies the impact of corporate governance in these banks on their performance. The results of our research show that Slovenia achieved lower average scores for the variables and indicators related to the transparency of corporate governance than Poland. The density of banks with the highest corporate governance index scores was higher in Poland than in Slovenia. When examining the impact of corporate governance on bank performance as measured with net interest income, the regression analysis showed that its impact is positive in both countries and that it is statistically significant in Slovenia.
Assessment of the State of Competition in the Banking Market in the Russian Federation
Authors: Rabdanova Anna , Bulatova Vera 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Competition is one of the factors directly influencing the development of the banking market, the stability of the banking system, and the monetary system as a whole. This article describes the features of banking competition, methods of analysis of banking competition, and an analysis of the current state of competition in the banking market in the Russian Federation. The analysis of banking competition in the Russian Federation was performed using the concentration ratio for the top three companies and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. The research concludes with an assessment of the state of competition in the banking market and identification of the barriers to entering the financial services market.
Direct landfill disposal versus Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT)
Authors: Kulhawik Katarzyna 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
After the implementation of a new waste management system, in which recycling is the most dominating process, landfill disposal still appears to be the most popular method of waste management in Poland, in which waste undergoes gradual decomposition and the influence of climate conditions, for example, air and atmospheric fallout, leads to the production of leachate and biogas emissions, which contribute to continual threats to the natural environment and humans. The above-mentioned threats can be limited by applying suitable techniques of waste treatment before its disposal. A technology that is oriented to these aims is a mechanical biological treatment (MBT) before disposal.
The above-mentioned technology results is waste stabilisation and reduction of pollutant emissions. Additionally, it allows to increase the recovery of materials for recycling and to reduce the mass of waste. Finally, it is environmentally friendly.
Relationships between exchangeable and water-soluble cations in the forest soil
Authors: Porębska Grażyna , Ostrowska Apolonia 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess the relationships between exchangeable and water-soluble cations in forest soil types. Three dominant soil types were distinguished on studied plots: Haplic Podzol, Dystric Arenosol and Dystric Cambisol. Ca, Mg, K, Na and Al in soil sorption complex and soil water extracts were determined. The differentiation of the ionic composition of soil sorption complex and soil water extracts within a soil type and amongst soil types was presented. The sum of cations in the soil and water extracts was the highest in Dystric Cambisol and the lowest in Haplic Podzol. Ca is a dominant cation in soil and soil water extracts in organic horizon, whilst Al is dominant in mineral soil horizons. The Ca/Al and the base cations to Al (BC/Al) molar ratios increased in the sequence of soils: Haplic Podzol < Dystric Arenosol < Dystric Cambisol. The parent material, soil-forming processes and vegetation cover affected the Ca/Al and BC/Al ratios.
Natural resources as a value important to the development of ecological consciousness of the polish society
Authors: Żeber–Dzikowska Ilona , Chmielewski Jarosław , Lachowski Stanisław 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The authors examine a very important issue concerning the concept of public consciousness and ecological consciousness of a human. They present ecological consciousness through indicating its level and factors that determine it. They discuss questions connected to shaping ecological consciousness in teachings of Saint John Paul II, sustainable development, eco-philosophy, and pro-ecological attitudes.