bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells inhibits intracranial hemorrhage after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy for transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
Authors: Nakazaki Masahito , Sasaki Masanori , Kataoka-Sasaki Yuko , Oka Shinichi , Namioka Takahiro , Namioka Ai , Onodera Rie , Suzuki Junpei , Sasaki Yuichi , Nagahama Hiroshi , Mikami Takeshi , Wanibuchi Masahiko , Kocsis Jeffery D. , Honmou Osamu 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVEReperfusion therapy with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the standard of care for acute ischemic stroke. However, hemorrhagic complications can result. Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduces stroke volume and improves behavioral function in experimental stroke models. One suggested therapeutic mechanism is inhibition of vascular endothelial dysfunction. The objective of this study was to determine whether MSCs suppress hemorrhagic events after rtPA therapy in the acute phase of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in rats.METHODSAfter induction of tMCAO, 4 groups were studied: 1) normal saline [NS]+vehicle, 2) rtPA+vehicle, 3) NS+MSCs, and 4) rtPA+MSCs. The incidence rate of intracerebral hemorrhage, both hemorrhagic and ischemic volume, and behavioral performance were examined. Matrix metalloproteinase–9 (MMP-9) levels in the brain were assessed with zymography. Quantitative analysis of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was performed to assess hemodynamic change in the ischemic lesion.RESULTSThe MSC-treated groups (Groups 3 and 4) experienced a greater reduction in the incidence rate of intracerebral hemorrhage and hemorrhagic volume 1 day after tMCAO even if rtPA was received. The application of rtPA enhanced activation of MMP-9, but MSCs inhibited MMP-9 activation. Behavioral testing indicated that both MSC-infused groups had greater improvement than non-MSC groups had, but rtPA+MSCs provided greater improvement than MSCs alone. The rCBF ratio of rtPA groups (Groups 2 and 4) was similar at 2 hours after reperfusion of tMCAO, but both were greater than that in non-rtPA groups.CONCLUSIONSInfused MSCs may inhibit endothelial dysfunction to suppress hemorrhagic events and facilitate functional outcome. Combined therapy of infused MSCs after rtPA therapy facilitated early behavioral recovery.
Effects of decompressive craniectomy on functional outcomes and death in poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alotaibi Naif M. , Elkarim Ghassan Awad , Samuel Nardin , Ayling Oliver G. S. , Guha Daipayan , Fallah Aria , Aldakkan Abdulrahman , Jaja Blessing N. R. , de Oliveira Manoel Airton Leonardo , Ibrahim George M. , Macdonald R. Loch 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVEPatients with poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Grade IV or V) are often considered for decompressive craniectomy (DC) as a rescue therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of DC on functional outcome and death in patients after poor-grade aSAH.METHODSA systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles were identified through the Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to October 2015. Only studies dedicated to patients with poor-grade aSAH were included. Primary outcomes were death and functional outcome assessed at any time period. Patients were grouped as having a favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] Scores 1–3, Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] Scores 4 and 5, extended Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOSE] Scores 5–8) or unfavorable outcome (mRS Scores 4–6, GOS Scores 1–3, GOSE Scores 1–4). Pooled estimates of event rates and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the random-effects model.RESULTSFifteen studies encompassing 407 patients were included in the meta-analysis (all observational cohorts). The pooled event rate for poor outcome across all studies was 61.2% (95% CI 52%–69%) and for death was 27.8% (95% CI 21%–35%) at a median of 12 months after aSAH. Primary (or early) DC resulted in a lower overall event rate for unfavorable outcome than secondary (or delayed) DC (47.5% [95% CI 31%–64%] vs 74.4% [95% CI 43%–91%], respectively). Among studies with comparison groups, there was a trend toward a reduced mortality rate 1–3 months after discharge among patients who underwent DC (OR 0.58 [95% CI 0.27–1.25]; p = 0.168). However, this trend was not sustained at the 1-year follow-up (OR 1.09 [95% CI 0.55–2.13]; p = 0.79).CONCLUSIONSResults of this study summarize the best evidence available in the literature for DC in patients with poor-grade aSAH. DC is associated with high rates of unfavorable outcome and death. Because of the lack of robust control groups in a majority of the studies, the effect of DC on functional outcomes versus that of other interventions for refractory intracranial hypertension is still unknown. A randomized trial is needed.
Automatic estimation of extent of resection and residual tumor volume of patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Meier Raphael , Porz Nicole , Knecht Urspeter , Loosli Tina , Schucht Philippe , Beck Jürgen , Slotboom Johannes , Wiest Roland , Reyes Mauricio 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVEIn the treatment of glioblastoma, residual tumor burden is the only prognostic factor that can be actively influenced by therapy. Therefore, an accurate, reproducible, and objective measurement of residual tumor burden is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the use of a fully automatic segmentation method—brain tumor image analysis (BraTumIA)—for estimating the extent of resection (EOR) and residual tumor volume (RTV) of contrast-enhancing tumor after surgery.METHODSThe imaging data of 19 patients who underwent primary resection of histologically confirmed supratentorial glioblastoma were retrospectively reviewed. Contrast-enhancing tumors apparent on structural preoperative and immediate postoperative MR imaging in this patient cohort were segmented by 4 different raters and the automatic segmentation BraTumIA software. The manual and automatic results were quantitatively compared.RESULTSFirst, the interrater variabilities in the estimates of EOR and RTV were assessed for all human raters. Interrater agreement in terms of the coefficient of concordance (W) was higher for RTV (W = 0.812; p < 0.001) than for EOR (W = 0.775; p < 0.001). Second, the volumetric estimates of BraTumIA for all 19 patients were compared with the estimates of the human raters, which showed that for both EOR (W = 0.713; p < 0.001) and RTV (W = 0.693; p < 0.001) the estimates of BraTumIA were generally located close to or between the estimates of the human raters. No statistically significant differences were detected between the manual and automatic estimates. BraTumIA showed a tendency to overestimate contrast-enhancing tumors, leading to moderate agreement with expert raters with respect to the literature-based, survival-relevant threshold values for EOR.CONCLUSIONSBraTumIA can generate volumetric estimates of EOR and RTV, in a fully automatic fashion, which are comparable to the estimates of human experts. However, automated analysis showed a tendency to overestimate the volume of a contrast-enhancing tumor, whereas manual analysis is prone to subjectivity, thereby causing considerable interrater variability.
Quantitative analysis of the effect of institutional case volume on complications after surgical clipping of unruptured aneurysms
Authors: Rinaldo Lorenzo , McCutcheon Brandon A. , Murphy Meghan E. , Shepherd Daniel L. , Maloney Patrick R. , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Bydon Mohamad , Lanzino Giuseppe 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVEThe mechanism by which greater institutional case volume translates into improved outcomes after surgical clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is not well established. The authors thus aimed to assess the effect of case volume on the rate of various types of complications after clipping of UIAs.METHODSUsing information on the outcomes of inpatient admissions for surgical clipping of UIAs collected within a national database, the relationship of institutional case volume to the incidence of different types of complications after clipping was investigated. Complications were subdivided into different categories, which included all complications, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, medical complications, infectious complications, complications related to anesthesia, and wound complications. The relationship of case volume to different types of complications was assessed using linear regression analysis. The relationships between case volume and overall complication and stroke rates were fit with both linear and quadratic equations. The numerical cutoff for institutional case volume above and below which the authors found the greatest differences in mean overall complication and stroke rate was determined using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.RESULTSBetween October 2012 and September 2015, 125 health care institutions reported patient outcomes from a total of 6040 cases of clipping of UIAs. On linear regression analysis, increasing case volume was negatively correlated to both overall complications (r2 = 0.046, p = 0.0234) and stroke (r2 = 0.029, p = 0.0557) rate, although the relationship of case volume to the complication (r2 = 0.092) and stroke (r2 = 0.067) rate was better fit with a quadratic equation. On CART analysis, the cutoff for the case number that yielded the greatest difference in overall complications and stroke rate between higher- or lower-volume centers was 6 cases/year and 3 cases/year, respectively.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the authors confirm that increasing case volume is associated with reduced complications after clipping of UIAs, their results suggest that the relationship between case volume and complications is not necessarily linear. Moreover, these results indicate that the effect of case volume on outcome is most evident between very-low-volume centers relative to centers with a medium-to-high volume.
Repeated anodal transcranial direct current stimulation induces neural plasticity-associated gene expression in the rat cortex and hippocampus
Authors: Kim Min Sun , Koo Ho , Han Sang Who , Paulus Walter , Nitsche Michael A. , Kim Yun-Hee , Yoon Jin A , Shin Yong-Il 
Published: January 2017

Background: Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (A-tDCS) induces a long-lasting increase in cortical excitability that can increase gene transcription in the brain. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of genes related to activity-dependent neuronal plasticity in the sensorimotor cortex and hippocampus of young Sprague-Dawley rats following A-tDCS. Methods: We applied A-tDCS over the right sensorimotor cortex epicranially with a circular electrode (3 mm diameter) at 250 μA for 20 min per day for 7 consecutive days. Levels of mRNA for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), synapsin I, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc), and c-Fos were analyzed using SYBR Green quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: We found that 7 days of unilateral A-tDCS resulted in significant increases in transcription of all plasticity-related genes tested in the ipsilateral cortex. Daily A-tDCS also resulted in a significant increase in c-Fos mRNA in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Conclusion: These results indicate that altered expression of plasticity-associated genes in the cortex and hippocampus is a molecular substrate of A-tDCS-induced neural plasticity.
Comparative inflorescence development in selected Andean Santalales
Authors: Suaza‐Gaviria Vanessa , González Favio , Pabón‐Mora Natalia 
Published: January 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Loranthaceae, Santalaceae, and Viscaceae are the most diversified hemiparasitic families of Santalales in the Andes. Their partial inflorescences (PIs) vary from solitary flowers, or dichasia in most Santalales, to congested floral groups along articles in most Viscaceae. The atypical articled inflorescences in Phoradendreae (Viscaceae), a phylogenetic novelty restricted to this tribe, have been variously described as racemes, spikes, fascicles, or as intercalary inflorescences, but no developmental studies have been performed to compare them with the construction of PIs across Santalales.METHODS:We used standard light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to record the inflorescence development in members of Phoradendreae (Viscaceae) in comparison to those in species of Aetanthus, Gaiadendron, Oryctanthus, Passovia, and Peristethium (Loranthaceae) and Antidaphne (Santalaceae).KEY RESULTS:Morphological and developmental comparisons as well as optimization onto a phylogenetic framework indicate that individual inflorescences in Santalales are indeterminate and are formed by axillary cymose PIs. The latter correspond to dichasia, either simple, compound, or variously reduced by abortion of lateral flowers, abortion of the terminal flower, or loss of bracteoles.CONCLUSIONS:Dichasia are plesiomorphic in Santalales. These results favor the interpretation that inflorescences in Phoradendreae are formed by the fusion of serial dichasia (=floral rows) with the main inflorescence axis via syndesmy. We compared this interpretation with the competing one based on the co‐occurrence of collateral and serial floral buds.
EXPLODING SATELLITES—THE TIDAL DEBRIS OF THE ULTRA-FAINT DWARF GALAXY HERCULES
Authors: Küpper Andreas H. W. , Johnston Kathryn V. , Mieske Steffen , Collins Michelle L. M. , Tollerud Erik J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
The ultra-faint satellite galaxy Hercules has a strongly elongated and irregular morphology with detections of tidal features up to 1.3 deg (3 kpc) from its center. This suggests that Hercules may be dissolving under the Milky Way’s gravitational influence, and hence could be a tidal stream in formation rather than a bound, dark-matter-dominated satellite. Using Bayesian inference in combination with N-body simulations, we show that Hercules has to be on a very eccentric orbit (

) within the Milky Way in this scenario. On such an orbit, Hercules “explodes” as a consequence of the last tidal shock at pericenter 0.5 Gyr ago. It is currently decelerating toward the apocenter of its orbit with a velocity of V = 157 km s−1—of which 99% is directed radially outwards. Due to differential orbital plane precession caused by the non-spherical nature of the Galactic potential, its debris fans out nearly perpendicular to its orbit. This explains why Hercules has an elongated shape without showing a distance gradient along its main body: it is in fact a stream that is significantly broader than it is long. In other words, it is moving perpendicular to its apparent major axis. In this scenario, there is a spike in the radial velocity profile created by the dominant debris component that formed through the last pericenter passage. This is similar to kinematic substructure that is observed in the real Hercules. Modeling a satellite on such a highly eccentric orbit is strongly dependent on the form of the Galactic potential. We therefore propose that detailed kinematic investigation of Hercules and other exploding satellite candidates can yield strong constraints on the potential of the Milky Way.
Les libraires parisiens au xix e siècle
Authors: Rebolledo-Dhuin Viera 
Published: January 2017

Cet article interroge la manière dont, au xix	siècle, les libraires s’approprient l’espace parisien, à l’heure de profondes mutations. Quels sont les enjeux des déplacements ou de l’enracinement des commerçants, au sein de la capitale et parfois en dehors, en termes de dynamiques commerciales et de stratifications socio‑professionnelles et aussi de trajectoires et de relations d’interdépendance. L’étude du livre apparaît comme un observatoire privilégié des transformations socio‑urbaines du xix	siècle.
L’importance de la solidarité au sein des réseaux de vente au détail : le cas du commerce coopératif et associé à dominante alimentaire
Authors: Cassou Fabrice , Cliquet Gérard , Perrigot Rozenn 
Published: January 2017

La solidarité, au sein des réseaux de commerce coopératif et associé, consiste à défendre les intérêts à la fois de la coopérative et des coopérateurs. Cette notion a fait l’objet d’une étude qualitative. Le processus de la solidarité comprend six composantes : économique, juridique, politique, technique, managériale et financière. La solidarité renforce l’ interdépendance entre les coopérateurs et améliore la performance collective.
De l’élitisme méritocratique à l’élitisme médiocratique : Une élite peut en cacher une autre
Authors: Paillat Sylvie 
Published: January 2017

François Rabelais raillait en son temps l’élitisme sorbonnard auquel il reprochait un pédantisme rhétorique peu propice à la diffusion du savoir. Mais on peut penser qu’à la Renaissance, l’élite intellectuelle était encore méritante et témoignait d’une élévation de l’esprit dans les fonctions qu’elle occupait, justifiant le sens premier du terme élite : celui qui est choisi parce qu’il est jugé le meilleur, du moins en son domaine. Qu’en est-il aujourd’hui, dans les champs intellectuel, artistique et politique ? Sous l’injonction d’un élitisme pour tous, n’est-ce pas la médiocrité qui l’emporte le plus souvent ? Peut-on en parler en évitant les séductions sophistiques ?
Élitisme et éducation : lecture critique des thèses de Bourdieu à l’aide de la pensée de Jürgen Habermas
Authors: Robichaud Arianne , Crevier Jean-Philippe 
Published: January 2017

Élitisme et éducation sont, à bien des égards et depuis des siècles, étroitement liés dans les sociétés occidentales : des Sophistes qui vendaient leurs enseignements à ceux qui pouvaient se permettre de les payer jusqu’aux classes sociales privilégiées capables de débourser les frais scolaires onéreux des universités d’élite, l’histoire nous montre en effet que l’accès à l’éducation fut, de tout temps, majoritairement réservé à un groupe restreint d’individus. Toutefois, nous aurions dû voir apparaître, à partir des années 1950 et suivant la démocratisation scolaire de masse ayant accompagné l’après-guerre dans la vaste majorité des pays occidentaux, une forme d’essoufflement de ce lien étroit entre élites et éducation : ayant maintenant tous accès à l’éducation, les individus ou classes sociales privilégiés ne devraient donc plus être les seuls à se trouver sur les bancs d’école et réussir à augmenter leurs capitaux culturels et économiques par l’entremise de l’activité éducative. Mais qu’en est-il réellement de l’impact de cette démocratisation scolaire massive sur cette relation étroite entre élitisme et éducation ? Pouvons-nous réellement affirmer que l’éducation contemporaine, dans ses traits généraux et ses tendances majeures, s’est rendue indépendante des mécanismes et rouages politiques et sociaux aux fondements de l’élitisme ? Telles sont quelques-unes des questions auxquelles tente de répondre ce texte, s’appuyant sur une relecture critique des thèses de Pierre Bourdieu sur l’élitisme social et éducatif à l’aide de la Théorie de l’agir communicationnel (1987) de Jürgen Habermas.
Natural history ofSymmetrischema lavernella(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): a moth with two feeding strategies and the ability to induce fruit formation in the absence of pollination
Authors: Roulston T’ai H. , Cruz-Maysonet Stephanie , Moorhouse Amy L. , Lee Sangmi , Emerson Amber N. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe mothSymmetrischema lavernella(Chambers) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) has two feeding strategies on its host plantPhysalisLinnaeus (Solanaceae): a fruitworm that feeds on developing ovules in a fruit and a budworm that consumes a floral bud. The fruitworm strategy occurs when a neonate caterpillar enters the ovary of a flower bud above a size threshold (~4 mm inPhysalis heterophyllaNees), consumes the developing ovules, and pupates in the fruit. InP.heterophylla, occupancy of the ovary byS. lavernellacauses fruit development to occur in the absence of pollination, indicating that the caterpillar initiates developmental pathways associated with pollination. The budworm strategy occurs in buds below ~4 mm, involves consumption of the ovary and immature anthers, and results in pupation inside the uninflated calyx. The two strategies co-occur on plants, determined by the sizes of the available buds at the time of oviposition. The most prominent natural enemy ofS. lavernellausing the fruitworm strategy was the frugivorous caterpillarHeliothis subflexa(Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), also a specialist ofPhysalis. The largerHeliothis subflexafeeds on the fruit externally, consumesS. lavernella, and caused 31.3% of fruitworm mortality in field surveys. Parasitoids included wasps (Hymenoptera) of the families Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, and Chalcididae.
Native bumble bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) pollinators vary in floral resource use across an invasion gradient
Authors: Gillespie S.D. , Bayley J. , Elle E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntegration of pollinator-dependent invasive plants into native pollination networks can have direct and indirect effects on local plant and pollinator communities. Impacts on local plants are well documented; however effects on native pollinators have gained less attention. We examine these issues in habitat fragments of the endangered oak-savannah ecosystem in British Columbia, Canada. We measured pollen collection by native bumble bees (Bombus Latreille; Hymenoptera: Apidae) and the introduced honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus; Hymenoptera: Apidae) foraging on two common native plants in habitat fragments with varying invasive (Cytisus scoparius (Linnaeus) Link; Fabaceae) density. The Bombus species with the largest workers had higher proportions of invasive pollen on their bodies and in their corbiculae than smaller workers. Honey bees rarely collected C. scoparius pollen. While some native bumble bees species collect an increasing proportion of C. scoparius pollen with increasing C. scoparius density, this did not translate into an increased potential for pollination. Rather, measures of effective pollination decline with C. scoparius density. Overall, our results suggest that some bee species may be better at finding resources at highly invaded sites. Apis mellifera is likely not playing a major role in facilitating the spread of C. scoparius in our region. Rather C. scoparius is visited by a complement of native bumble bees that are similar to pollinators in the native range of this plant.
Are Spanish companies involved in profit shifting? Consequences in terms of tax revenues
Authors: Murciego Ángela Castillo , López-Laborda Julio 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this paper the authors analyze the existence of profit shifting between Spain and other OECD and EU countries. Using a sample of 1,169 Spanish subsidiaries owned by foreign OECD and EU parent companies and a sample of 317 EU subsidiaries owned by Spanish parent companies, taken from the AMADEUS Database for the period 2005 to 2014, and a simple tax rate difference as a measure of the tax incentive, the authors obtain a negative effect of corporate income taxes on reported profits. When the tax rate differences between Spain and the foreign countries vary by one percentage point, reported profits vary by approximately 2.7 to 3%. This is consistent with profit shifting activity by corporations and matches the empirical results in the literature. Furthermore, the authors calculate the impact of this activity on Spain’s tax revenues from the sample of Spanish subsidiary companies. They obtain that the tax revenues vary from year to year, depending on the level of taxation of the main investor countries in Spain in comparison to the Spanish tax rate.