bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of methane conversion factor models for Zebu beef cattle fed low‐quality crop residues and by‐products in tropical regions
Authors: Kaewpila Chatchai , Sommart Kritapon 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe enteric methane conversion factor (Ym) is an important country‐specific value for the provision of precise enteric methane emissions inventory reports. The objectives of this meta‐analysis were to develop and evaluate the empirical Ym models for the national level and the farm level for tropical developing countries according to the IPCC's categorization. We used datasets derived from 18 in vivo feeding experiments from 1999 to 2015 of Zebu beef cattle breeds fed low‐quality crop residues and by‐products. We found that the observed Ym value was 8.2% gross energy (GE) intake (~120 g methane emission head−1 day−1) and ranged from 4.8% to 13.7% GE intake. The IPCC default model (tier 2, Ym = 6.5% ± 1.0% GE intake) underestimated the Ym values by up to 26.1% compared with its refinement of 8.4% ± 0.4% GE intake for the national‐level estimate. Both the IPCC default model and the refined model performed worse in predicting Ym trends at the farm level (root mean square prediction error [MSPE] = 15.1%–23.1%, concordance correlation coefficient [CCC] = 0.16–0.18, R2 = .32). Seven of the extant Ym models based on a linear regression approach also showed inaccurately estimated Ym values (root MSPE = 16.2%–36.0%, CCC = 0.02–0.27, R2 < .37). However, one of the developed models, which related to the complexity of the energy use efficiencies of the diet consumed to Ym, showed adequate accuracy at the farm level (root MSPE = 9.1%, CCC = 0.75, R2 = .67). Our results thus suggest a new Ym model and future challenges for estimating Zebu beef cattle production in tropical developing countries.
Tropical forest loss and its multitrophic effects on insect herbivory
Authors: Morante‐Filho José Carlos , Arroyo‐Rodríguez Víctor , Lohbeck Madelon , Tscharntke Teja , Faria Deborah 
Published: September 2016

AbstractForest loss threatens biodiversity, but its potential effects on multitrophic ecological interactions are poorly understood. Insect herbivory depends on complex bottom‐up (e.g., resource availability and plant antiherbivore defenses) and top‐down forces (e.g., abundance of predators and herbivorous), but its determinants in human‐altered tropical landscapes are largely unknown. Using structural equation models, we assessed the direct and indirect effects of forest loss on insect herbivory in 40 landscapes (115 ha each) from two regions with contrasting land‐use change trajectories in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. We considered landscape forest cover as an exogenous predictor and (1) forest structure, (2) abundance of predators (birds and arthropods), and (3) abundance of herbivorous arthropods as endogenous predictors of insect leaf damage. From 12 predicted pathways, 11 were significant and showed that (1) leaf damage increases with forest loss (direct effect); (2) leaf damage increases with forest loss through the simplification of vegetation structure and its associated dominance of herbivorous insects (indirect effect); and further demonstrate (3) a lack of top‐down control of herbivores by predators (birds and arthropods). We conclude that forest loss favors insect herbivory by undermining the bottom‐up control (presumably reduced plant antiherbivore defense mechanisms) in forests dominated by fast‐growing pioneer plant species, and by improving the conditions required for herbivores proliferation.
Exogenous amino acids increase antioxidant enzyme activities and tolerance of rice seedlings to cadmium stress
Authors: Wang Wei , Cang Long , Zhou Dong‐Mei , Yu Yuan‐Chun 
Published: September 2016

Cadmium (Cd) contamination has posed a serious problem for safe food production and become a potential agricultural and global environmental problem. A hydroponic experiment was carried out in this study to characterize the modulation of exogenous amino acids (glutamate, glycine, and cysteine) for antioxidant defense system against Cd‐induced toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings exposed to 5.0 μmol L−1 Cd. Cd stress (5.0 μmol L−1) caused a significant inhibition of the rice seedlings growth, and the three amino acids alleviated the damaging effects of oxidation in varying degrees. Glutamate and glycine at three application rates did not influence rice plant biomass in comparison to the only Cd treatment, but 25 μmol L−1 cysteine treatment reached the control treatment level. For 25 and 100 μmol L−1 cysteine treatment, the Cd uptake in the whole rice plant was significantly higher than those in the only Cd treatment. Though all of the three amino acids played a role in decreasing lipid peroxidation, increasing catalase, superoxide dismutase activities, and reduced glutathione contents, the effect of cysteine treatment was relatively better. The main reason may be ascribed to that cysteine represents the most important conceptual fragments of glutathione, which is the main precursor of the phytochelatins. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 155–161, 2017
Self‐Discrepancy and Eating Disorder Symptoms Across Eating Disorder Diagnostic Groups
Authors: Mason Tyler B. , Lavender Jason M. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Crosby Ross D. , Engel Scott G. , Strauman Timothy J. , Mitchell James E. , Crow Scott J. , Le Grange Daniel , Klein Marjorie H. , Smith Tracey L. , Peterson Carol B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study examined self‐discrepancy, a construct of theoretical relevance to eating disorder (ED) psychopathology, across different types of EDs. Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN; n = 112), bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 72), and binge eating disorder (BED; n = 199) completed semi‐structured interviews assessing specific types of self‐discrepancies. Results revealed that actual:ideal (A:I) discrepancy was positively associated with AN, actual:ought (A:O) discrepancy was positively associated with BN and BED, and self‐discrepancies did not differentiate BN from BED. Across diagnoses, A:O discrepancy was positively associated with severity of purging, binge eating, and global ED psychopathology. Further, there were significant interactions between diagnosis and A:O discrepancy for global ED psychopathology and between diagnosis and A:I discrepancy for binge eating and driven exercise. These results support the importance of self‐discrepancy as a potential causal and maintenance variable in EDs that differentiates among different types of EDs and symptom severity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Comparison of chronic mixture toxicity of nickel-zinc-copper and nickel-zinc-copper-cadmium mixtures between Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
Authors: Nys Charlotte , Van Regenmortel Tina , Janssen Colin R. , Blust Ronny , Smolders Erik , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Although aquatic organisms in the environment are exposed to mixtures of metals, risk assessment for metals is most commonly performed on a metal-by-metal basis. To increase the knowledge about chronic mixture effects, the authors investigated whether metal mixture effects are dependent on the biological species, mixture composition, and metal concentration ratio. The authors evaluated the effects of quaternary Ni-Zn-Cu-Cd and ternary Ni-Zn-Cu mixtures on 48-h algal growth rate (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) and 7-d daphnid reproduction (Ceriodaphnia dubia) using a ray design. Single metals were 3-fold to 42-fold more toxic for C. dubia than for P. subcapitata, based on the 50% effective concentration expressed as free metal activity, the range representing different metals. Statistical analysis of mixture effects showed that the ternary and quaternary mixture effects were antagonistic on algal growth relative to the concentration addition (CA) model, when the analysis was based on dissolved concentrations and on free metal ion activities. Using the independent action (IA) model, mixture effects in both rays were statistically noninteractive for algal growth when the analysis was based on dissolved concentrations; however, the interactions shifted toward antagonism when based on free ion activities. The ternary Ni-Zn-Cu mixture acted antagonistically on daphnid reproduction relative to both reference models, either expressed as free ion activities or dissolved concentrations. When Cd was added to the mixture, however, the mixture effects shifted toward noninteractivity for daphnids. The metal concentration ratio did not significantly influence the magnitude of observed antagonistic effects. Regardless of statistical interactions observed, based on the present study, CA and in most instances also IA can serve as a protective model for ternary Ni-Zn-Cu and quaternary Ni-Zn-Cu-Cd toxicity to both species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1056–1066. © 2016 SETAC
Realized Volatility Forecasting of Agricultural Commodity Futures Using Long Memory and Regime Switching
Authors: Tian Fengping , Yang Ke , Chen Langnan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe investigate the dynamic properties of the realized volatility of five agricultural commodity futures by employing the high‐frequency data from Chinese markets and find that the realized volatility exhibits both long memory and regime switching. To capture these properties simultaneously, we utilize a Markov switching autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (MS‐ARFIMA) model to forecast the realized volatility by combining the long memory process with regime switching component, and compare its forecast performances with the competing models at various horizons. The full‐sample estimation results show that the dynamics of the realized volatility of agricultural commodity futures are characterized by two levels of long memory: one associated with the low‐volatility regime and the other with the high‐volatility regime, and the probability to stay in the low‐volatility regime is higher than that in the high‐volatility regime. The out‐of‐sample volatility forecast results show that the combination of long memory with switching regimes improves the performance of realized volatility forecast, and the proposed model represents a superior out‐of‐sample realized volatility forecast to the competing models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Promotion and Persistence of HIV Testing and HIV/AIDS Knowledge: Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial in Ethiopia
Authors: Kim Hyuncheol Bryant , Haile Beliyou , Lee Taewha 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe use data from a randomized controlled trial in Ethiopia and examine the causal effects of HIV/AIDS education, home‐based voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT), and conditional cash transfers (CCT) for facility‐based VCT on HIV/AIDS knowledge and demand for HIV testing. HIV/AIDS education significantly increases HIV/AIDS knowledge but has a limited effect on testing take‐up. However, when HIV/AIDS education is combined with either home‐based VCT or CCT for facility‐based VCT, take‐up increases substantially by about 63 and 57 percentage points, respectively. We also demonstrate evidence of persistence in test‐taking behavior, where past HIV testing does not dampen demand for testing. Lastly, we find suggestive evidence that home‐based VCT could be more effective at detecting HIV‐positive cases relative to CCT for facility‐based VCT. Our findings highlight the importance of geographic accessibility in the testing decision and persistence in demand for HIV testing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Mentored Multigenre Project: Fostering Authentic Writing Interactions Between High School Writers and Teacher Candidates
Authors: West Jessica A. , Saine Paula 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article describes the Mentored Multigenre Project, a virtual writing collaboration experience between high school writers and teacher candidates. Our goal was to create an authentic opportunity for our high school students to receive writing feedback from virtual writing mentors, while also creating an opportunity for our teacher candidates to practice the craft of teaching writing. In this article, the authors outline the ways in which they prepared and supported the high school students during the project. Then, the authors highlight an emergent case from the project to demonstrate the virtual writing collaboration experience in action and evaluate the extent to which it created an authentic writing experience for one high school writer. Finally, the authors share their reflections on the experience and suggestions for others interested in using a learning management system to connect high school writers with teacher candidates.
Salicylic acid (SA)‐eluting bone regeneration scaffolds with interconnected porosity and local and sustained SA release
Authors: Yu Weiling , Bajorek Jennifer , Jayade Sayeli , Miele Alyssa , Mirza Javad , Rogado Sarah , Sundararajan Aravind , Faig Jonathan , Ferrage Loïc , Uhrich Kathryn E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn previous work, we observed that localized and sustained delivery of an anti‐inflammatory drug, salicylic acid (SA), via a SA‐based polymer (SAP) powder significantly enhanced diabetic bone regeneration through long‐term mitigation of local inflammation. In this study, SAP was formulated into uniform microspheres and then sintered into a scaffold with an interconnected porous structure and modulus suitable for bone regeneration. The SAP scaffolds have ∼45% SA loading, which is the highest among drug‐eluting bone regeneration scaffolds to‐date. In addition, the scaffold provides localized, controlled and sustained SA release that has been proven to enhance diabetic bone regeneration. With the combination of physical (interconnected porosity) and chemical therapeutic features (high drug loading and sustained release), the novel SAP scaffolds offer unique therapeutic advantages and are promising diabetic bone regeneration candidates. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 311–318, 2017.
Synovium-Derived MicroRNAs Regulate Bone Pathways in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Maeda Yukiko , Farina Nicholas H , Matzelle Melissa M , Fanning Paul J , Lian Jane B , Gravallese Ellen M 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Articular bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is mediated by the interaction between inflammation and pathways regulating bone metabolism. Inflammation promotes osteoclastogenesis and also inhibits osteoblast function, further contributing to the persistence of erosions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of skeletal remodeling and play a role in RA pathogenesis. We therefore determined the expression of miRNAs in inflamed synovial tissue and the role they play in pathways regulating osteoblast and osteoclast function. Using the serum transfer mouse model of RA in C57BL/6 mice, we performed Fluidigm high-throughput qPCR-based screening of miRNAs from nonarthritic and arthritic mice. Global gene expression profiling was also performed on Affymetrix microarrays from these same synovial samples. miRNA and mRNA expression profiles were subjected to comparative bioinformatics. A total of 536 upregulated genes and 417 downregulated genes were identified that are predicted targets of miRNAs with reciprocal expression changes. Gene ontology analysis of these genes revealed significant enrichment in skeletal pathways. Of the 22 miRNAs whose expression was most significantly changed (p &lt; 0.01) between nonarthritic and arthritic mice, we identified their targets that both inhibit and promote bone formation. These miRNAs are predicted to target Wnt and BMP signaling pathway components. We validated miRNA array findings and demonstrated that secretion of miR-221-3p in exosomes was upregulated by synovial fibroblasts treated with the proinflammatory cytokine TNF. Overexpression of miR-221-3p suppressed calvarial osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro. These results suggest that miRNAs derived from inflamed synovial tissues may regulate signaling pathways at erosion sites that affect bone loss and potentially also compensatory bone formation. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A beginner's guide to atomic force microscopy probing for cell mechanics
Authors: Gavara Núria 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAtomic Force microscopy (AFM) is becoming a prevalent tool in cell biology and biomedical studies, especially those focusing on the mechanical properties of cells and tissues. The newest generation of bio‐AFMs combine ease of use and seamless integration with live‐cell epifluorescence or more advanced optical microscopies. As a unique feature with respect to other bionanotools, AFM provides nanometer‐resolution maps for cell topography, stiffness, viscoelasticity, and adhesion, often overlaid with matching optical images of the probed cells. This review is intended for those about to embark in the use of bio‐AFMs, and aims to assist them in designing an experiment to measure the mechanical properties of adherent cells. In addition to describing the main steps in a typical cell mechanics protocol and explaining how data is analysed, this review will also discuss some of the relevant contact mechanics models available and how they have been used to characterize specific features of cellular and biological samples. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:75–84, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of reciprocating agitation thermal processing (RA‐TP) on quality of canned tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) puree
Authors: Pratap Singh Anubhav , Singh Anika , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDReciprocating agitation thermal processing (RA‐TP) is a recent innovation in the field of canning for obtaining high‐quality canned food. The objective of this study was to compare RA‐TP processing with conventional non‐agitated (still) processing with respect to the impact on quality (color, antioxidant capacity, total phenols, carotenoid and lycopene contents) of canned tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) puree.RESULTSOwing to a 63–81% reduction in process times as compared with still processing, tomato puree with a brighter red color (closer to fresh) was obtained during RA‐TP. At 3 Hz reciprocation frequency, the loss of antioxidant, lycopene and carotenoid contents could be reduced to 34, 8 and 8% respectively as compared with 96, 41 and 52% respectively during still processing. In fact, the phenolic content for RA‐TP at 3 Hz was 5% higher than in fresh puree. Quality retention generally increased with an increase in frequency, although the differences were less significant at higher reciprocation frequencies (between 2 and 3 Hz).CONCLUSIONResearch findings indicate that RA‐TP can be effective to obtain thermally processed foods with high‐quality attribute retention. It can also be concluded that a very high reciprocation frequency (>3 Hz) is not necessarily needed and significant quality improvement can be obtained at lower frequencies (∼2 Hz). © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Inhibitory effects of Japanese horseradish (Wasabia japonica) on the formation and genotoxicity of a potent carcinogen, acrylamide
Authors: Shimamura Yuko , Iio Misako , Urahira Tomoko , Masuda Shuichi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe formation of acrylamide (AA) in cooked foods has raised human health concerns. AA is metabolized by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to glycidamide (GA), which forms DNA adducts. This study examined the inhibitory effects of wasabi (Japanese horseradish, Wasabia japonica) roots and leaves as well as their active component, allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), on the formation and genotoxicity of AA.RESULTSAA formation (51.8 ± 4.2 µg kg−1) was inhibited with ≥2 mg mL−1 of AIT. Wasabi roots also inhibited AA formation (∼90% reduction), but wasabi leaves were not effective at 2 mg mL−1. Wasabi roots and leaves decreased the number of cells with micronuclei by approximately 33 and 24% respectively compared with the AA treatment group. Moreover, wasabi roots and leaves (100 mg kg−1 body weight (BW) day−1 for each) decreased AA (100 mg kg−1 BW day−1)‐induced DNA damage. The AA‐induced CYP2E1 activity was decreased by 39 and 26% with wasabi roots and leaves respectively. Further, the activity of glutathione S‐transferase, which catalyzes the detoxification of AA via glutathione conjugation, increased by 54 and 33% with wasabi roots and leaves respectively.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that wasabi roots and leaves are effective ingredients for inhibiting the formation and genotoxicity of AA. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors by a multifunctional diet is mediated via several branches of metabolism as evidenced by nontargeted metabolite profiling approach
Authors: Tovar Juscelino , de Mello Vanessa D. , Nilsson Anne , Johansson Maria , Paananen Jussi , Lehtonen Marko , Hanhineva Kati , Björck Inger 
Published: September 2016

ScopeMultifunctional diet (MFD), a diet based on multiple functional concepts and ingredients with anti‐inflammatory activity, was previously shown to improve different cardiometabolic risk‐associated markers in healthy subjects. Here, we assessed the impact of MFD on plasma metabolome and explored associations of the differential metabolites with clinical parameters, searching for metabolic determinants related to the effects of MFD.Methods and resultsForty‐four overweight healthy volunteers completed a randomized crossover intervention comparing MFD with a control diet devoid of the active components of MFD. Fasting plasma samples were analyzed with nontargeted metabolite profiling at baseline and at the end (4 wk) of each diet period by LC coupled to quadrupole‐TOF‐MS system, revealing a vast impact of MFD on metabolic homeostasis. Main metabolite classes affected included acylcarnitines, furan fatty acids, phospholipids (plasmalogens, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines), and various low‐molecular weight products from the bioactivity of gut microbiota. Circulating levels of several of these metabolites correlated with changes in clinical blood lipid biomarkers.ConclusionsThe metabolomics approach revealed that consumption of MFD affected different areas of metabolism, highlighting the impact of a healthy diet on plasma metabolome. This seems linked to reduced cardiometabolic risk and provides mechanistic insight into the effects of MFD.
Metabolic programming of a beige adipocyte phenotype by genistein
Authors: Aziz Sadat A. , Wakeling Luisa A. , Miwa Satomi , Alberdi Goiuri , Hesketh John E. , Ford Dianne 
Published: September 2016

ScopePromoting the development of brown or beige adipose tissue may protect against obesity and related metabolic features, and potentially underlies protective effects of genistein in mice.Methods and resultsWe observed that application of genistein to 3T3‐L1 adipocytes changed the lipid distribution from large droplets to a multilocular distribution, reduced mRNAs indicative of white adipocytes (ACC, Fasn, Fabp4, HSL, chemerin, and resistin) and increased mRNAs that are a characteristic feature of brown/beige adipocytes (CD‐137 and UCP1). Transcripts with a role in adipocyte differentiation (Cebpβ, Pgc1α, Sirt1) peaked at different times after application of genistein. These responses were not affected by the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist fulvestrant, revealing that this action of genistein is not through the classical ER pathway. The Sirt1 inhibitor Ex‐527 curtailed the genistein‐mediated increase in UCP1 and Cebpβ mRNA, revealing a role for Sirt1 in mediating the effect. Baseline oxygen consumption and the proportional contribution of proton leak to maximal respiratory capacity was greater for cells exposed to genistein, demonstrating greater mitochondrial uncoupling.ConclusionsWe conclude that genistein acts directly on adipocytes or on adipocyte progenitor cells to programme the cells metabolically to adopt features of beige adipocytes. Thus, this natural dietary agent may protect against obesity and related metabolic disease.