bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing clients' verbal statements in behavioural support interventions: The case of smoking cessation
Authors: Gainforth Heather L. , Lorencatto Fabiana , Erickson Karl , West Robert , Michie Susan 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundReliable methods have been developed for characterizing behavioural interventions in terms of component practitioner‐delivered behaviour change techniques (BCTs). As yet, no corresponding methods have been developed for characterizing client responses.PurposeTo develop a method for characterizing clients’ verbal statements in audio‐recordings of smoking cessation behavioural support consultations.MethodsAn established framework for specifying practitioner‐delivered BCTs was adapted to account for corresponding BCTs in clients’ verbal statements. A total of 1,429 client statements within 15 transcripts of audio‐recorded consultations were independently coded using the framework.ResultsOf the 58 BCT categories in the practitioner framework, 53 corresponding client BCTs were included and five codes unrelated to smoking cessation were added. Forty client BCTs were reliably identified at least once across sessions (75.1% agreement; PABAK = .77).ConclusionsIt is possible to reliably categorize clients’ verbal statements in smoking cessation consultations in terms of responses to BCTs delivered by the practitioner. When used alongside the taxonomy of practitioner‐delivered BCTs, this method could provide a basis for investigating the dyadic interaction between the practitioner and client.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Taxonomies exist for characterizing practitioner‐delivered behaviour change techniques (BCTs) in interventions.

Client responses and contributions are an important part of the behaviour change process.

Examining clients’ receipt of BCTs can add explanatory value to the outcomes of interventions.

Current taxonomies and methods do not characterize client responses in terms of BCTs.

What does this study add?

First method to characterize clients’ statements corresponding to a practitioner BCT taxonomy.

Provides a method for investigating the dyadic practitioner–client interaction using BCTs.

A method that has potential to add explanatory value to the outcomes of interventions.
Too much of a good thing? Overexertion of self‐control and dietary adherence in individuals with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jenkins Brooke N. , Rook Karen S. , Borges‐Garcia Raquel , Franks Melissa M. , Stephens Mary Ann Parris 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesThe resource model of self‐control posits that self‐control is a finite resource that can be depleted. Individuals with diabetes must continually restrict their diet, requiring self‐control. As a result, dietary adherence is difficult, and lapses are common. People with diabetes who overexert self‐control following a lapse may be especially likely to experience a subsequent relapse, as suggested by the resource model. This investigation used the resource model of self‐control to test whether overexertion of dietary self‐control following a lapse would be predictive of a subsequent relapse in dietary control.DesignWe tested this prediction in a daily diary study of 128 individuals with diabetes (Mage = 66.12).MethodsParticipants' reports of their daily dietary adherence were used to define lapses in adherence, post‐lapse adherence, and relapses.ResultsIndividuals who overexerted self‐control after a lapse were more likely to experience a subsequent relapse (OR = 3.276, p = .016) and to do so sooner (HR = 2.12, p = .023).ConclusionsPeople with diabetes may seek to compensate for a lapse in adherence by overexerting self‐control, but doing so may deplete their self‐control and increase the risk of a future relapse.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?

The resource model of self‐control posits that self‐control is a limited resource that can be temporarily depleted. Numerous experimental studies have demonstrated support for this model showing that when participants are instructed to engage in a self‐control task, they produce less self‐control on a subsequent task. The majority of the existing studies are not conducted in naturalistic settings and do not use patient populations.
What does this study add?

This study is an ecologically valid test of the resource model of self‐control.
This study applies the resource model of self‐control to a patient population.
Work‐Related Training and the Probability of Transitioning from Non‐Permanent to Permanent Employment
Authors: McVicar Duncan , Wooden Mark , Leung Felix , Li Ning 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIt is widely believed that work‐related training increases a worker's probability of moving up the job‐quality ladder. This is usually couched in terms of effects on wages, but it has also been argued that training increases the probability of moving from non‐permanent forms of employment to more permanent employment. This hypothesis is tested using nationally representative panel data for Australia, a country where the incidence of non‐permanent employment, and especially casual employment, is high by international standards. While a positive association between participation in work‐related training and the subsequent probability of moving from either casual or fixed‐term contract employment to permanent employment is observed among men, this is shown to be driven not by a causal impact of training on transitions but by differences between those who do and do not receive training, that is selection bias.
Relaxin and insulin‐like peptide 3 in the musculoskeletal system: from bench to bedside
Authors: Ferlin Alberto , De Toni Luca , Sandri Marco , Foresta Carlo 
Published: April 2016

Skeletal muscles and bones form a joined functional unit sharing a complex mechanical, biochemical and hormonal crosstalk. A number of factors, including sex hormones, physiologically regulate the musculoskeletal system. Striking gender differences in muscle and bone mass, and function are mainly caused by distinct actions exerted by oestrogens and androgens. However, relaxin and relaxin‐related peptides, such as insulin‐like peptide 3 (INSL3), might contribute to these sex‐associated differences in physiological and pathological conditions (such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia). Relaxin is a ‘pregnancy’ hormone, but it is also produced from the prostate gland, and has recently attracted attention as a potential drug for cardiovascular disorders and fibrosis. In contrast, INSL3 is a male‐specific hormone produced by the Leydig cells of the testis with a fundamental role in testicular descent during fetal life. Recent evidence suggests that both hormones have interesting roles in the musculoskeletal system. Relaxin and INSL3, by finely tuning bone formation and resorption, are involved in bone remodelling processes, and relaxin contributes to the healing of injured ligaments and promotes skeletal muscle regeneration. Here, we review the most recent findings on the effects of relaxin and INSL3 on skeletal muscle and the cell components of bone. In the light of the experimental evidence available and animal models, their clinical implications are also discussed.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Progress in the Understanding of Relaxin Family Peptides and their Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.10/issuetoc
The role of metformin and resveratrol in the prevention of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α accumulation and fibrosis in hypoxic adipose tissue
Authors: Li Xiaole , Li Jia , Wang Lulu , Li Aiyun , Qiu Zhixia , Qi Lian‐wen , Kou Junping , Liu Kang , Liu Baolin , Huang Fang 
Published: April 2016

Background and PurposeHypoxic activation of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) and fibrosis in adipose tissue contribute to adipose dysfunction. This study was designed to investigate the effects of metformin and resveratrol on the regulation of HIF‐1α and fibrosis in hypoxic adipose tissue.Experimental ApproachMice were fed a high‐fat diet to induce hypoxia and fibrosis in adipose tissue; adipose tissue incubated in vitro in 1% O2 showed a similar change. The effects of metformin and resveratrol on hypoxia, HIF‐1α accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and gene expressions of extracellular matrix components and pro‐inflammatory cytokines were examined.Key ResultsOral administration of metformin or resveratrol prevented hypoxia and reduced HIF‐1α accumulation with dephosphorylation of inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, indicative of suppression of hypoxic HIF‐1α activation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Metformin and resveratrol down‐regulated gene expressions of Col3α, Col6α, elastin and lysyl oxidase and thereby reduced collagen deposition in adipose tissue. The increased gene expressions of TNF‐α, IL‐6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and F4/80 were also down‐regulated by metformin and resveratrol. Metformin and resveratrol had similar effects in adipose tissue exposed to 1% O2. Metformin reduced ATP production and prevented the reduction in oxygen tension in 3T3‐L1 cells, suggesting that it prevented hypoxia by limiting oxygen consumption, whereas resveratrol reduced HIF‐1α accumulation by promoting its proteasomal degradation via the regulation of AMPK/SIRT1.Conclusion and ImplicationsHypoxia and fibrosis are early causes of adipose dysfunction in obesity. Both metformin and resveratrol effectively inhibited HIF‐1α activation‐induced fibrosis and inflammation in adipose tissue, although by different mechanisms.
Rates of detection of developmental problems at the 18‐month well‐baby visit by family physicians' using four evidence‐based screening tools compared to usual care: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thomas R. E. , Spragins W. , Mazloum G. , Cronkhite M. , Maru G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundEarly and regular developmental screening can improve children's development through early intervention but is insufficiently used. Most developmental problems are readily evident at the 18‐month well‐baby visit. This trial's purpose is to: (1) compare identification rates of developmental problems by GPs/family physicians using four evidence‐based tools with non‐evidence based screening, and (2) ascertain whether the four tools can be completed in 10‐min pre‐visit on a computer.MethodsWe compared two approaches to early identification via random assignment of 54 families to either: ‘usual care’ (informal judgment including ad‐hoc milestones, n = 25); or (2) ‘Evidence‐based’ care (use of four validated, accurate screening tools, n = 29), including: the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS), the PEDS‐Developmental Milestones (PEDS‐DM), the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M‐CHAT) and PHQ9 (maternal depression).ResultsIn the ‘usual care’ group four (16%) and in the evidence‐based tools group 18 (62%) were identified as having a possible developmental problem. In the evidence‐based tools group three infants were to be recalled at 24 months for language checks (no specialist referrals made). In the ‘usual care’ group four problems were identified: one child was referred for speech therapy, two to return to check language at 24 months and a mother to discuss depression. All forms were completed on‐line within 10 min.ConclusionsDespite higher early detection rates in the evidence‐based care group, there were no differences in referral rates between evidence‐based and usual‐care groups. This suggests that clinicians: (1) override evidence‐based screening results with informal judgment; and/or (2) need assistance understanding test results and making referrals. Possible solutions are improve the quality of information obtained from the screening process, improved training of physicians, improved support for individual practices and acceptance by the regional health authority for overall responsibility for screening and creation of a comprehensive network.
RecombinantSalmonella typhimuriumouter membrane protein A is recognized by synovial fluid CD8 cells and stimulates synovial fluid mononuclear cells to produce interleukin (IL)-17/IL-23 in patients with reactive arthritis and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy
Authors: Chaurasia S , Shasany A K , Aggarwal A , Misra R 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIn developing countries, one-third of patients with reactive arthritis (ReA) and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy (uSpA) are triggered by Salmonella typhimurium. Synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) of patients with ReA and uSpA proliferate to low molecular weight fractions (lmwf) of outer membrane proteins (Omp) of S. typhimurium. To characterize further the immunity of Omp of Salmonella, cellular immune response to two recombinant proteins of lmwf, OmpA and OmpD of S. typhimurium (rOmpA/D-sal) was assessed in 30 patients with ReA/uSpA. Using flow cytometry, 17 of 30 patients' SF CD8+ T cells showed significant intracellular interferon (IFN)-γ to Omp crude lysate of S. typhimurium. Of these 17, 11 showed significantly more CD8+CD69+ IFN-γ T cells to rOmpA-sal, whereas only four showed reactivity to rOmpD-sal. The mean stimulation index was significantly greater in rOmpA-sal than rOmpD-sal [3·0 (1·5–6·5) versus 1·5 (1·0–2·75), P &lt; 0·005]. Similarly, using enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) in these 17 patients, the mean spots of IFN-γ-producing SFMCs were significantly greater in rOmpA-sal than rOmpD-sal [44·9 (3·5–130·7) versus 19·25 (6–41), P &lt; 0·05]. SFMCs stimulated by rOmpA-sal produced significantly more proinflammatory cytokines than rOmpD-sal: IFN-γ [1·44 (0·39–20·42) versus 0·72 (0·048–9·15) ng/ml, P &lt; 0·05], interleukin (IL)−17 [28·60 (6·15–510·86) versus 11·84 (6·83–252·62) pg/ml, P &lt; 0·05], IL-23 [70·19 (15–1161·16) versus 28·25 (&gt; 15–241·52) pg/ml, P &lt; 0·05] and IL-6 [59·78 (2·03–273·36) versus 10·17 (0·004–190·19) ng/ml, P &lt; 0·05]. The rOmpA-sal-specific CD8+ T cell response correlated with duration of current synovitis (r = 0·53, P &lt; 0·05). Thus, OmpA of S. typhimurium is a target of SF CD8+ T cells and drives SFMC to produce increased cytokines of the IL-17/IL-23 axis which contribute to the pathogenesis of Salmonella-triggered ReA.
Differential regulation of miR-146a/FAS and miR-21/FASLG axes in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome due to FAS mutation (ALPS-FAS)
Authors: Marega Lia Furlaneto , Teocchi Marcelo Ananias , dos Santos Vilela Maria Marluce 
Published: April 2016

Summary
Most cases of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) have an inherited genetic defect involving apoptosis-related genes of the FAS pathway. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding regulatory RNAs playing a role in the control of gene expression. This is the first report on miRNAs in ALPS patients. We studied a mother and son carrying the same FAS cell surface death receptor (FAS) mutation, but with only the son manifesting the signs and symptoms of ALPS-FAS. The aim was to analyse, by reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR), the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) relative expression of miR-146a and miR-21, including their passenger strands and respective targets (FAS and FASLG). In comparison with healthy matched control individuals, miR-21-3p was over-expressed significantly (P = 0·0313) in the son, with no significant change in the expression of miR-146a, miR-146a-3p and miR-21. In contrast, the mother had a slight under-expression of the miR-146a pair and miR-21-3p (P = 0·0625). Regarding the miRNA targets, FAS was up-regulated markedly for the mother (P = 0·0078), but down-regulated for the son (P = 0·0625), while FASLG did not have any significant alteration. Taken together, our finding clearly suggests a role of the miR-146a/FAS axis in ALPS-FAS variable expressivity in which FAS haploinsufficiency seems to be compensated only in the mother who had the miR-146a pair down-regulated. As only the son had the major clinical manifestations of ALPS-FAS, miR-21-3p should be investigated as playing a critical role in ALPS physiopathology, including the development of lymphoma.
IL‐1 receptor antagonist levels are associated with glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Luotola Kari , Piltonen Terhi T. , Puurunen Johanna , Tapanainen Juha S. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate serum interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Subjects and methodsSerum IL‐1Ra levels were measured at baseline in 73 women with PCOS and 45 control subjects (18–47 years), and in 27 women with PCOS who underwent oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs and IVGTTs).ResultsIL‐1Ra concentrations predicted OGTT 2‐h glucose levels independently of BMI and insulin resistance (P ≤ 0·001) in women with PCOS. Serum IL‐1Ra concentration was elevated in women with PCOS compared with controls [mean (SD): 309·5 (208·8) vs 199·1 (81·4) ng/l, P < 0·001], but the difference disappeared after adjusting for BMI. An increment of five BMI units raised IL‐1Ra levels by 108·5 ng/l [95% confidence interval (CI): 85·5–131·5, r2 = 0·603] in women with PCOS and only by 77·0 ng/l (95% CI: 50·5–103·5, r2 = 0·512) in controls when adjusted for BMI and age. Levels of IL‐1Ra in obese women with PCOS reflected decreasing OGTT‐derived insulinogenic index (P = 0·032) and disposition index (P = 0·046) independently of BMI. Increased levels of IL‐1Ra correlated with indices showing increasing insulin resistance and AUC insulin (P ≤ 0·002).ConclusionsIncreased IL‐1Ra levels in women with PCOS were largely explained by increasing adiposity. However, serum IL‐1Ra concentrations predicted 2‐h glucose levels independently of BMI suggesting that increased IL‐1Ra may be associated with disturbed glucose metabolism.
Short‐pulse duration retinal lasers: a review
Authors: Chehade Luke , Chidlow Glyn , Wood John , Casson Robert J 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe development of lasers for biological use was an important medical advance in the 20th century with numerous evidence‐based therapeutic applications to retinal disease, including capillary leakage at the macula. Although the role of photocoagulative laser in the treatment of macular oedema has diminished, there is evidence for a modified role in clinical management, particularly for extrafoveal leakage. Additionally, it may reduce the frequency of required intravitreal injections and assist in visual stabilization when used as an adjunct. The tissue destructive effect of photocoagulative lasers has motivated the development of safer macular lasers and the search for novel therapeutic applications, including treatment of drusen and regeneration of dysfunctional retinal pigment epithelium.
Diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy: a review
Authors: Morrison Julie L , Hodgson Lauren AB , Lim Lyndell L , Al‐Qureshi Salmaan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy is increasing. Pre‐existing diabetes is present in 1 in 167 pregnancies in Australia, divided equally between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in women during their childbearing years, and pregnancy increases the short‐term risk of diabetic retinopathy progression. We examine the risk factors for progression of diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy including duration of diabetes, baseline level of retinopathy, level of glycaemic control and hypertension. We also examine current screening and management guidelines and their levels of evidence, current treatment options for diabetic retinopathy and avenues for further research.
Influence of wound closure on the volume stability of particulate and non‐particulate GBR materials: an in vitro cone‐beam computed tomographic examination. Part II
Authors: Mir‐Mari Javier , Benic Goran I. , Valmaseda‐Castellón Eduard , Hämmerle Christoph H.F. , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo test whether GBR with an L‐shaped soft‐block bone substitute and particulate bone substitute differs from GBR with particulate bone substitute as regards the volume stability of the augmented region during flap closure.Materials and methodsTwenty peri‐implant box‐shaped bone defects were created in 10 pig mandibles. Every bone defect was augmented with each of the following two GBR procedures in turn: control group – particulate xenograft applied buccally + collagen membrane + pins; test group – particulate xenograft applied buccally + L‐shaped soft‐block xenograft applied buccally and occlusally + collagen membrane + pins. Cone‐beam computed tomography scans were obtained before and after wound closure. The horizontal thickness (HT) of the augmented region (bone substitute + membrane) was assessed at the implant shoulder (HT0 mm) and at 1 mm to 5 mm apical to the implant shoulder (HT1 mm‐HT5 mm). In the test group, the vertical thickness (VT) and 45° thickness (45‐T) of the augmented region were measured from the implant shoulder. The changes in HT during flap suturing were calculated as absolute (mm) and relative values (%). Repeated‐measures ANOVAs were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe reduction in HT0 mm was 20.5 ± 23.3% (SD) in the control group and 2.4 ± 9.2% (SD) in the test group (P = 0.014). There were no statistically significant differences in changes in HT1–5 mm between the groups (P > 0.05). In the test group, the reduction in VT amounted to 28.0 ± 11.9% (SD) and the reduction in 45‐T amounted to 24.8 ± 10.2% (SD) (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe addition of an L‐shaped soft‐block bone substitute to a particulate xenograft, covered by a collagen membrane and fixed with pins, significantly improved the horizontal volume stability of the augmented region during wound closure.
Pulmonary tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis revealed by skin lesion in slaughterhouse worker
Authors: Mertoğlu Aydan , Biçmen Can , Karaarslan Serap , Buğdayci Mehmet Hüsnü 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA 46‐year‐old male patient who has worked as a butcher was admitted to the hospital with an unhealing wound on the dorsal side of his hand. Incisional biopsy was performed from the lesion and histopathological diagnosis revealed a granulomatous inflammatory process, compatible with tuberculosis. The patient was directed to the department of chest diseases for further investigation in terms of pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) infection. On the chest X‐ray and thoracic CT scan, a minimal infiltration was observed in the left upper lobe. In two respiratory samples obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was isolated and identified as M. bovis in subspecies level. After overall clinical evaluation, anti‐TB treatment was initialized and a radiologic/clinical regression was observed during the follow‐up procedure. This case has been reported as a rare and noteworthy pulmonary TB disease due to M. bovis in a slaughterhouse worker with a cutaneous granulomatous inflammatory reaction.
From the Editor Emerita
Authors: Doering Zahava D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSince 1997, Zahava D. Doering has contributed to Curator: The Museum Journal. This is her last issue as Curator editor. The article highlights the key issues for which the journal has provided a platform to its global readership during her editorship. Issues include psychological and physical access, social roles and responsibility, health, museums without walls, crowdsourcing, environmental sustainability, and human rights and diversity. It also extends gratitude to the editorial staff (named), editorial board members, peer reviewers, and authors she has had the honor to have as colleagues in supporting new dialogues for museums and other cultural venues.