bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic messaging intervention for management of cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Fang Ronghua , Deng Xuexue 
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectivesTo determine the effectiveness of an electronic messaging support service for management of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes.BackgroundMicroletter and short message service are widely used, but their health education benefit for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus has not been investigated.DesignConvenience sample study with randomised group assignment.MethodsParticipants completed survey questionnaires, physical and laboratory evaluations between May 2015 and May 2016 and were then randomly assigned to two groups for receipt of a microletter + short message or a phone call (control). Appointment reminders and health information were sent to the intervention patients by microletter + short message. Every three months, intervention patients and control patients were followed up by telephone. After 12 months, changes in cardiovascular risk factors in each group were evaluated and compared.ResultsThere were no statistically significant changes or between‐group differences in daily smoking and drinking. There were statistically significant between‐group differences in glycated haemoglobin (p = .034), postprandial plasma glucose (p = .001), postprandial insulin (p = .005), total cholesterol (p = .038) and low‐density lipoprotein (p < .001). Levels of glycated haemoglobin (p = .011), fasting plasma glucose (p = .007), postprandial plasma glucose (p < .001), fasting insulin (p = 0.004), postprandial insulin (p < .001), total cholesterol (p < .001) and low‐density lipoprotein (p < .001) were found to be decreased significantly in intervention patients. Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in patients only followed by telephone (p = .014). The microletter + short message intervention was an effective means of reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionRegular smartphone communication had a favourable impact on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Relevance to clinical practiceRegular smartphone communication has a favourable impact on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
New Surgical Instruction Method for Homium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate, “Hand‐Grab Navigated Technique,” to Shorten the Learning Curve: The Results of Multicenter Analysis
Authors: SHIN Dong Gil , KIM Hyeon Woo , PARK Sung Woo , PARK Chang Soo , CHOI Seong , OH Tae Hee , LEE Dong Hwan , LEE Chang Yell , KIM Jung Man , LEE Jeong Zoo 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo introduce a new surgical mentorship, the “hand‐grab navigated technique,” to shorten the learning curve for Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.MethodsPatients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were managed at six institutions with Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. An analysis was done in the 200 of these patients (the set of first 20 patients treated with Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate by 10 surgeons) who were sorted into two groups depending on the surgeon's instructional group. Surgeons in group I learned Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate by self‐study by using videos and written information, whereas those in group II were instructed by “the hand‐grab navigated technique” along with the self‐study. To evaluate the efficiency of hand‐grab navigated technique, enucleation and morcellation efficiencies between the two groups were compared.ResultsThe mean prostate volume was 49.5 ± 23.8 and 51.1 ± 25.2 g in group I and II, respectively, showing no significant difference. The enucleation efficiency was significantly greater (P = 0.01) in group II (0.35 ± 0.20 g/min) than in group I (0.21 ± 0.12 g/min). Morcellation efficiency was also significantly greater (P = 0.03) in group II (3.08 ± 3.27 g/min) than in group I (2.43 ± 2.68 g/min).ConclusionThe learning curve for Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate can be shortened with the “hand‐grab navigated technique” when combined with the self‐study.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of anidulafungin vs fluconazole for the treatment of invasive candidiasis (IC) in Turkey
Authors: Neoh Chin Fen , Senol Esin , Kara Ates , Dinleyici Ener Cagri , Turner Stuart J. , Kong David C. M. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryAnidulafungin has been shown to be non‐inferior to, and possibly more efficacious, than fluconazole in treating patients with invasive candidiasis (IC). This study aimed to determine the cost‐effectiveness of anidulafungin vs fluconazole for treatment ofICin the Turkish setting. A decision analytic model was constructed to depict downstream economic consequences of using anidulafungin or fluconazole for treatment ofICin the Turkish hospitals. Transition probabilities (ie treatment success, observed or indeterminate treatment failures) were obtained from a published randomised clinical trial. Cost inputs were from the latest Turkish resources. Data not available in the literature were estimated by expert panels. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the model outcome. While anidulafungin [TL17 171 (USD4589)] incurred a higher total cost than fluconazole [TL8233 (USD2200) per treated patient, treatment with anidulafungin was estimated to save an additional 0.58 life‐years, with an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio ofTL15 410 (USD4118) per life‐years saved. Drug acquisition cost and hospitalisation were the main cost drivers for anidulafungin and fluconazole arms respectively. The model findings were robust over a wide range of input variables except for anidulafungin drug cost. Anidulafungin appears to be a cost‐effective therapy in treatingICfrom the Turkish hospital perspective.
In vitro fungicidal effects of methylene blue at 625‐nm
Authors: Guffey J. Stephen , Payne William , Roegge Wilson 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe aim of the study is to confirm the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a significant inhibitor of Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) and to determine the most appropriate dose and rate of delivery. Trichophyton rubrum is the most common dermatophyte worldwide, responsible for the majority of superficial fungal infections. The traditional treatment of T. rubrum has known adverse effects. An alternative treatment is warranted. Photosensitised T. rubrum specimens were treated with 625‐nm light at doses of 3, 12, 24, 40 and 60 J/cm2. Colony counts were performed and compared to untreated controls. Doses of 24, 40 and 60 J/cm2 all produced kill rates of over 94%. A lower rate of delivery (7.80 mW/cm2) was shown to be a greater inhibitor of T. rubrum than a higher rate of delivery (120 mW/cm2). Photodynamic therapy with methylene blue (MB) at 625 nm using a low rate of delivery at doses of 24, 40 and 60 J/cm2 is an effective inhibitor of T. rubrum. A rate of delivery of 7.80 mW/cm2 is a significantly greater inhibitor of T. rubrum than a rate of 120 mW/cm2 when applying 625‐nm light in PDT using MB.
Effects of intranasally dosed posaconazole on fungal load and biomarkers in Aspergillus fumigatus infected immunocompromised mice
Authors: Kimura Genki , Nakaoki Takahiro , Nishimoto Yuki , Suzuki Yuto , Rapeport Garth , Strong Pete , Ito Kazuhiro , Kizawa Yasuo 
Published: July 2017

SummaryAlthough anti‐fungal triazoles are dosed orally or systemically for Aspergillus fumigatus infection, systemic adverse events and limited exposure of the lung cavity would make a topical treatment for the lung an attractive option. In this study, we examined the effects of intranasally dosed posaconazole on survival rates and biomarkers in A. fumigatus (itraconazole susceptible: ATCC13073 [Af]; or resistant: NCPF7100 [AfR]) infected, temporarily neutropenic A/J mice. Once daily treatment produced a dose‐dependent improvement of survival of Af‐infected mice (ED50: 0.019 mg/mouse [approx. 0.755 mg/kg, in]), similar to its potency (ED50: 0.775 mg/kg, po) after once daily oral dosing. For AfR infection, either intranasal or oral posaconazole was largely ineffective on survival, although the highest dose of intranasal treatment (0.35 mg/mouse) achieved 75% survival rate. Early intervention (treated on days 0, 1, 2 and 3 postinfection) and late intervention (treated on days 1, 2 and 3) with intranasal posaconazole (0.014‐0.35 mg/mouse) demonstrated potent inhibition of lung fungal load and galactomannan levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum as well as inflammatory cells, IFN‐γ, IL‐17 and malondialdehyde (MDA) in BALF. Thus, posaconazole when dosed intranasally once daily showed an improvement of survival equivalent to or better than oral treatment, and produced potent inhibition of fungal load and biomarkers.
A positive use of smart phone media in the paediatric emergency department
Authors: Rickart A.J. , Brotherton P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimThis article discusses an observation made within the Hull Royal Infirmary. It aims to explain how the use of smart phone images of paediatric lacerations, as taken by the child's parents, can be used as an aid for triaging patients in the emergency department.Materials and methodsClinical observations.Results and conclusionsIt is the authors’ opinion that attention to detail and small changes in practice play an important role in improving overall patient care.
Effects of high oleic acid soybean on seed yield, protein and oil contents, and seed germination revealed by near‐isogeneic lines
Authors: Bachleda Nicole , Grey Timothy , Li Zenglu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTypical soybean oil is composed of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. High oleic acid content in soybean seed is a key compositional trait that improves oxidative stability and increases oil functionality and shelf life. Using a marker‐assisted selection method, near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of G00‐3213 for the high oleic trait were developed and yield tested. These NILs have various combinations of FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B alleles that were derived from the same backcrossing populations. The results indicated that G00‐3213 NILs with both homozygous mutant FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B alleles produced an average of 788 g/kg oleic acid content. The results also demonstrated that possessing these mutant alleles did not cause a yield reduction. Furthermore, seed germination tests across 12 temperatures (12.8–32.0°C) showed that modified seed composition for oleic acid in general did not have a major impact on seed germination. However, there was a possible reduction in seed germination vigour when high oleic seeds are planted in cold soil. The mutant FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B alleles did not hinder either seed or plant development.
NPQ(T): a chlorophyll fluorescence parameter for rapid estimation and imaging of non‐photochemical quenching of excitons in photosystem‐II‐associated antenna complexes
Authors: Tietz Stefanie , Hall Christopher C. , Cruz Jeffrey A. , Kramer David M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed by light‐harvesting complexes and used to drive photochemistry. However, a fraction of absorbed light is lost to non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) that reflects several important photosynthetic processes to dissipate excess energy. Currently, estimates of NPQ and its individual components (qE, qI, qZ and qT) are measured from pulse‐amplitude‐modulation (PAM) measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence yield and require measurements of the maximal yield of fluorescence in fully dark‐adapted material (Fm), when NPQ is assumed to be negligible. Unfortunately, this approach requires extensive dark acclimation, often precluding widespread or high‐throughput use, particularly under field conditions or in imaging applications, while introducing artefacts when Fm is measured in the presence of residual photodamaged centres. To address these limitations, we derived and characterized a new set of parameters, NPQ(T), and its components that can be (1) measured in a few seconds, allowing for high‐throughput and field applications; (2) does not require full relaxation of quenching processes and thus can be applied to photoinhibited materials; (3) can distinguish between NPQ and chloroplast movements; and (4) can be used to image NPQ in plants with large leaf movements. We discuss the applications benefits and caveats of both approaches.
Regulating drinking through alcohol taxation and minimum unit pricing: A historical perspective on alcohol pricing interventions
Authors: Yeomans Henry 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDiscourse on alcohol policy in several countries has recently become dominated by discussions of pricing. In Britain, proposals for a minimum unit price for alcoholic drinks are frequently depicted as radical and new. However, other means of legally intervening in alcohol pricing have long been used to shape consumption habits. Key to recognizing this historical lineage is a conceptualization of taxation as partly a form of regulation. This article builds upon findings from a wider historical study of alcohol excise duties in England and Wales to develop an empirically‐based typology of the main forms of government interventions in alcohol pricing. By connecting some instances of alcohol excise taxation to government attempts to shape behavior, this typology enables advances in understanding of the relationship between taxation and regulation. In so doing, the article also provides an original historical perspective on an ongoing policy debate. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
Evaluation of visual and computer‐based CT analysis for the identification of functional patterns of obstruction and restriction in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Jacob Joseph , Bartholmai Brian J. , Brun Anne Laure , Egashira Ryoko , Rajagopalan Srinivasan , Karwoski Ronald , Kouranos Vasileios , Kokosi Maria , Hansell David M. , Wells Athol U. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveTo determine whether computer‐based quantification (CALIPER software) is superior to visual computed tomography (CT) scoring in the identification of CT patterns indicative of restrictive and obstructive functional indices in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP).MethodsA total of 135 consecutive HP patients had CT parenchymal patterns evaluated quantitatively by both visual scoring and CALIPER. Results were evaluated against: forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity (TLC), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and a composite physiological index (CPI) to identify which CT scoring method better correlated with functional indices.ResultsCALIPER‐derived scores of total interstitial lung disease extent correlated more strongly than visual scores: FVC (CALIPER R = 0.73, visual R = 0.51); DLCO (CALIPER R = 0.61, visual R = 0.48); and CPI (CALIPER R = 0·70, visual R = 0·55). The CT variable that correlated most strongly with restrictive functional indices was CALIPER pulmonary vessel volume (PVV): FVC R = 0.75, DLCO R = 0.68 and CPI R = 0.76.Ground‐glass opacity quantified by CALIPER alone demonstrated strong associations with restrictive functional indices: CALIPER FVC R = 0.65; DLCO R = 0.59; CPI R = 0.64; and visual = not significant. Decreased attenuation lung quantified by CALIPER was a better morphological measure of obstructive lung disease than equivalent visual scores as judged by relationships with TLC (CALIPER R = 0.63 and visual R = 0.12). All results were maintained on multivariate analysis.ConclusionCALIPER improved on visual scoring in HP as judged by restrictive and obstructive functional correlations. Decreased attenuation regions of the lung quantified by CALIPER demonstrated better linkages to obstructive lung physiology than visually quantified CT scores. A novel CALIPER variable, the PVV, demonstrated the strongest linkages with restrictive functional indices and could represent a new automated index of disease severity in HP.
Transplant center support for infectious diseases
Authors: Schaenman Joanna M. , Kumar Deepali , Kotton Camille N. , Danziger‐Isakov Lara , Morris Michele I. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundTransplant Infectious Diseases (TID) is a rapidly growing subspecialty, which has contributed significantly to improving patient outcomes after transplantation. Obtaining institutional support to implement programs that promote excellence in patient care remains a challenge for many non‐surgical transplant‐related specialties.MethodWe surveyed the membership of the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice to assess characteristics of individual transplant programs and delineate current patterns of institutional support of TID, with a goal of facilitating the exchange of innovative funding ideas between transplant programs.ResultsOf 53 questionnaires returned, 36 programs reported the existence of a dedicated TID service for adults. Of these, the ratio of dedicated TID providers to the number of solid organ transplant patients transplanted annually ranged from 15:1 to 259:1. A total of 21% of responding programs indicated that they received no support from their institution. Respondents from larger programs were more likely to receive some type of programmatic support.ConclusionGiven that the presence of expert TID input into patient care can improve outcomes through direct patient management and transplant team education, we suggest that continued support of the unbillable time contributed by TID practitioners is a critical part of ensuring excellent outcomes after transplantation.
Enterovirus 3A Facilitates Viral Replication by Promoting Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase IIIβ–ACBD3 Interaction
Authors: Xiao Xia , Lei Xiaobo , Zhang Zhenzhen , Ma Yijie , Qi Jianli , Wu Chao , Xiao Yan , Li Li , He Bin , Wang Jianwei 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Like other enteroviruses, enterovirus 71 (EV71) relies on phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KB) for genome RNA replication. However, how PI4KB is recruited to the genome replication sites of EV71 remains elusive. Recently, we reported that a host factor, ACBD3, is needed for EV71 replication by interacting with viral 3A protein. Here, we show that ACBD3 is required for the recruitment of PI4KB to RNA replication sites. Overexpression of viral 3A or EV71 infection stimulates the interaction of PI4KB and ACBD3. Consistently, EV71 infection induces the production of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P). Furthermore, PI4KB, ACBD3, and 3A are all localized to the viral-RNA replication sites. Accordingly, PI4KB or ACBD3 depletion by small interfering RNA (siRNA) leads to a reduction in PI4P production after EV71 infection. I44A or H54Y substitution in 3A interrupts the stimulation of PI4KB and ACBD3. Further analysis suggests that stimulation of ACBD3-PI4KB interaction is also important for the replication of enterovirus 68 but disadvantageous to human rhinovirus 16. These results reveal a mechanism of enterovirus replication that involves a selective strategy for recruitment of PI4KB to the RNA replication sites.

IMPORTANCE
Enterovirus 71, like other human enteroviruses, replicates its genome within host cells, where viral proteins efficiently utilize cellular machineries. While multiple factors are involved, it is largely unclear how viral replication is controlled. We show that the 3A protein of enterovirus 71 recruits an enzyme, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ, by interacting with ACBD3, which alters cellular membranes through the production of a lipid, PI4P. Consequently, the viral and host proteins form a large complex that is necessary for RNA synthesis at replication sites. Notably, PI4KB-ACBD3 interaction also differentially mediates the replication of enterovirus 68 and rhinovirus 16. These results provide new insight into the molecular network of enterovirus replication.
Viral MicroRNAs Repress the Cholesterol Pathway, and 25-Hydroxycholesterol Inhibits Infection
Authors: Serquiña Anna K. P. , Kambach Diane M. , Sarker Ontara , Ziegelbauer Joseph M. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

From various screens, we found that Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) viral microRNAs (miRNAs) target several enzymes in the mevalonate/cholesterol pathway. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthase 1 (HMGCS1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR [a rate-limiting step in the mevalonate pathway]), and farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1 [a committed step in the cholesterol branch]) are repressed by multiple KSHV miRNAs. Transfection of viral miRNA mimics in primary endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells [HUVECs]) is sufficient to reduce intracellular cholesterol levels; however, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting only HMGCS1 did not reduce cholesterol levels. This suggests that multiple targets are needed to perturb this tightly regulated pathway. We also report here that cholesterol levels were decreased in
de novo
-infected HUVECs after 7 days. This reduction is at least partially due to viral miRNAs, since the mutant form of KSHV lacking 10 of the 12 miRNA genes had increased cholesterol compared to wild-type infections. We hypothesized that KSHV is downregulating cholesterol to suppress the antiviral response by a modified form of cholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). We found that the cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) gene, which is responsible for generating 25HC, had increased expression in
de novo
-infected HUVECs but was strongly suppressed in long-term latently infected cell lines. We found that 25HC inhibits KSHV infection when added exogenously prior to
de novo
infection. In conclusion, we found that multiple KSHV viral miRNAs target enzymes in the mevalonate pathway to modulate cholesterol in infected cells during latency. This repression of cholesterol levels could potentially be beneficial to viral infection by decreasing the levels of 25HC.

IMPORTANCE
A subset of viruses express unique microRNAs (miRNAs), which act like cellular miRNAs to generally repress host gene expression. A cancer virus, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, or human herpesvirus 8 [HHV-8]), encodes multiple miRNAs that repress gene expression of multiple enzymes that are important for cholesterol synthesis. In cells with these viral miRNAs or with natural infection, cholesterol levels are reduced, indicating these viral miRNAs decrease cholesterol levels. A modified form of cholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, is generated directly from cholesterol. Addition of 25-hydroxycholesterol to primary cells inhibited KSHV infection of cells, suggesting that viral miRNAs may decrease cholesterol levels to decrease the concentration of 25-hydroxycholesterol and to promote infection. These results suggest a new virus-host relationship and indicate a previously unidentified viral strategy to lower cholesterol levels.