bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiparametric MRI of the breast: A review
Authors: Marino Maria Adele , Helbich Thomas , Baltzer Pascal , Pinker‐Domenig Katja 
Published: June 2017

During their development, cancers acquire several functional capabilities, which are defined as the hallmarks of cancer. For a deeper understanding of the hallmarks of cancer, and, consequently, improved personalized patient care, diagnostic tests must be multilayered and complex to identify the relevant underlying processes of cancer development and progression. In this context, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as an exceptionally powerful, versatile, and precise imaging technique. MRI of the breast is an essential tool in breast imaging, with multiple indications. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (CE‐MRI) is the most sensitive test for breast cancer detection, with a good specificity. CE‐MRI provides mainly morphological, and, to some extent, functional information about tumor perfusion and vascularity. Recently, several functional imaging techniques in MRI, such as diffusion‐weighted imaging and spectroscopy, have been assessed for breast imaging and this combined application is defined as multiparametric imaging. Furthermore, the application of higher field strengths (≥3T) has demonstrated improved sensitivity and specificity of breast cancer detection. Multiparametric imaging with different functional MRI parameters (mpMRI) visualizes and quantifies the functional processes of cancer development and progression at multiple levels, and provides specific information about the hallmarks of cancer. MpMRI of the breast improves diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer, obviates unnecessary breast biopsies, and enables an improved assessment and prediction of response to neoadjuvant therapy. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the current possibilities and emerging techniques for mpMRI of the breast.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:301–315.
Apparent diffusion coefficient in estrogen receptor‐positive and lymph node‐negative invasive breast cancers at 3.0T DW‐MRI: A potential predictor for an oncotype Dx test recurrence score
Authors: Thakur Sunitha B. , Durando Manuela , Milans Soledad , Cho Gene Y. , Gennaro Lucas , Sutton Elizabeth J. , Giri Dilip , Morris Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo measure the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) and axillary lymph node‐negative (LN–) invasive breast cancer and investigate the correlation of ADC with Oncotype Dx test recurrence scores (ODxRS).Materials and MethodsThis was a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)‐compliant single‐site retrospective study. Patients underwent preoperative 3.0T MRI scans with additional diffusion‐weighted imaging sequential scans (b = 0, 600 and b = 0, 1000 s/mm2) from January 2011 to 2013. The study population included 31 ER+/LN– invasive breast cancers, which underwent ODxRS genomic testing. ADC600 and ADC1000 parametric maps were generated, and ADC values were calculated from a user‐drawn region of interest. ODxRS predicts 10‐year recurrence risk in individual patients: low (RS <18), intermediate (RS: 18–30), or high (RS >30). All breast lesions, including subgroups of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) lesions and mass‐only lesions were dichotomized by RS scores, low‐risk versus intermediate/high‐risk, and statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney's test (statistical significance at P < 0.05) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Multivariate analysis was also performed.ResultsInvasive breast cancers, when scored as low‐risk by ODxRS, had significantly higher ADC values compared with intermediate/high‐risk lesions for both ADC600 (P = 0.007) and ADC1000 (P = 0.008) mean values. This was true both when analyzing only mass‐lesions (P = 0.03 and 0.01) or only IDCs (P = 0.001 and 0.009).ConclusionPreliminary findings suggest that lesion ADC values correlate with recurrence risk likelihood stratified using ODxRS. Hence, ADC is a potential surrogate biomarker for tumor aggressiveness.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:401–409.
Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction with work–family balance: A moderating role of perceived insider status
Authors: Choi Jaepil , Kim Andrea , Han Kyongji , Ryu Seongmin , Park Jong Gyu , Kwon Bora 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis study developed a moderated mediation model to investigate how family‐supportive paid leave and supervision affect employees' satisfaction with work–family balance and in turn their affective organizational commitment and supervisor‐directed organizational citizenship behavior depending on their perceived insider status in the organization. Our analysis of data collected from 118 employee–supervisor dyads in Korean organizations revealed that satisfaction with work–family balance mediated the linkages from family‐supportive supervision to affective organizational commitment and supervisor‐directed organizational citizenship behavior, and the linkage from family‐supportive paid leave to affective organizational commitment. Results further showed that the entire mediational process for family‐supportive supervision was more pronounced for those who perceived themselves to be an insider of their organizations, while the same pattern was not found for the meditational process related to family‐supportive paid leave. Our findings provide theoretical implications for work–family balance research and offer practical suggestions to make employees satisfied with work–family balance.
Subthalamic beta dynamics mirror Parkinsonian bradykinesia months after neurostimulator implantation
Authors: Steiner Leon Amadeus , Neumann Wolf‐Julian , Staub‐Bartelt Franziska , Herz Damian M. , Tan Huiling , Pogosyan Alek , Kuhn Andrea A. , Brown Peter 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundExaggerated oscillatory activity in the beta frequency band in the subthalamic nucleus has been suggested to be related to bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, studies seeking correlations between such activity in the local field potential and motor performance have been limited to the immediate postoperative period, which may be confounded by a stun effect that leads to the temporary alleviation of PD deficits.MethodsLocal field potentials were recorded simultaneously with motor performance in PD patients several months after neurostimulator implantation. This was enabled by the chronic implantation of a pulse generator with the capacity to record and transmit local field potentials from deep brain stimulation electrodes. Specifically, we investigated oscillatory beta power dynamics and objective measures of bradykinesia during an upper limb alternating pronation and supination task in 9 patients.ResultsAlthough beta power was suppressed during continuously repeated movements, this suppression progressively diminished over time in tandem with a progressive decrement in the frequency and amplitude of movements. The relationship between changes within local field potentials and movement parameters was significant across patients, and not present for theta/alpha frequencies (5‐12 Hz). Change in movement frequency furthermore related to beta power dynamics within patients.ConclusionsChanges in beta power are linked to changes in movement performance and the sequence effect of bradykinesia months after neurostimulator implantation. These findings provide further evidence that beta power may serve as a biomarker for bradykinesia and provide a suitable substrate for feedback control in chronic adaptive deep brain stimulation. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
B0 concomitant field compensation for MRI systems employing asymmetric transverse gradient coils
Authors: Weavers Paul T. , Tao Shengzhen , Trzasko Joshua D. , Frigo Louis M. , Shu Yunhong , Frick Matthew A. , Lee Seung‐Kyun , Foo Thomas K‐F , Bernstein Matt A. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeImaging gradients result in the generation of concomitant fields, or Maxwell fields, which are of increasing importance at higher gradient amplitudes. These time‐varying fields cause additional phase accumulation, which must be compensated for to avoid image artifacts. In the case of gradient systems employing symmetric design, the concomitant fields are well described with second‐order spatial variation. Gradient systems employing asymmetric design additionally generate concomitant fields with global (zeroth‐order or B0) and linear (first‐order) spatial dependence.MethodsThis work demonstrates a general solution to eliminate the zeroth‐order concomitant field by applying the correct B0 frequency shift in real time to counteract the concomitant fields. Results are demonstrated for phase contrast, spiral, echo‐planar imaging (EPI), and fast spin‐echo imaging.ResultsA global phase offset is reduced in the phase‐contrast exam, and blurring is virtually eliminated in spiral images. The bulk image shift in the phase‐encode direction is compensated for in EPI, whereas signal loss, ghosting, and blurring are corrected in the fast‐spin echo images.ConclusionA user‐transparent method to compensate the zeroth‐order concomitant field term by center frequency shifting is proposed and implemented. This solution allows all the existing pulse sequences—both product and research—to be retained without any modifications. Magn Reson Med 79:1538–1544, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Two‐stage approach for risk estimation of fetal trisomy 21 and other aneuploidies using computational intelligence systems
Authors: Neocleous A. C. , Syngelaki A. , Nicolaides K. H. , Schizas C. N. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo estimate the risk of fetal trisomy 21 (T21) and other chromosomal abnormalities (OCA) at 11–13 weeks' gestation using computational intelligence classification methods.MethodsAs a first step, a training dataset consisting of 72 054 euploid pregnancies, 295 cases of T21 and 305 cases of OCA was used to train an artificial neural network. Then, a two‐stage approach was used for stratification of risk and diagnosis of cases of aneuploidy in the blind set. In Stage 1, using four markers, pregnancies in the blind set were classified into no risk and risk. No‐risk pregnancies were not examined further, whereas the risk pregnancies were forwarded to Stage 2 for further examination. In Stage 2, using seven markers, pregnancies were classified into three types of risk, namely no risk, moderate risk and high risk.ResultsOf 36 328 unknown to the system pregnancies (blind set), 17 512 euploid, two T21 and 18 OCA were classified as no risk in Stage 1. The remaining 18 796 cases were forwarded to Stage 2, of which 7895 euploid, two T21 and two OCA cases were classified as no risk, 10 464 euploid, 83 T21 and 61 OCA as moderate risk and 187 euploid, 50 T21 and 52 OCA as high risk. The sensitivity and the specificity for T21 in Stage 2 were 97.1% and 99.5%, respectively, and the false‐positive rate from Stage 1 to Stage 2 was reduced from 51.4% to ∼1%, assuming that the cell‐free DNA test could identify all euploid and aneuploid cases.ConclusionWe propose a method for early diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities that ensures that most T21 cases are classified as high risk at any stage. At the same time, the number of euploid cases subjected to invasive or cell‐free DNA examinations was minimized through a routine procedure offered in two stages. Our method is minimally invasive and of relatively low cost, highly effective at T21 identification and it performs better than do other existing statistical methods. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
De‐novo abnormal uteroplacental circulation in third trimester: pregnancy outcome and pathological implications
Authors: Binder J. , Monaghan C. , Thilaganathan B. , Carta S. , Khalil A. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with impaired placentation, as evidenced by abnormal uterine artery (UtA) Doppler. In normal pregnancy, mean UtA pulsatility index (PI) shows a progressive decline with gestational age (GA). However, previous studies have reported that a proportion of pregnancies demonstrate worsening UtA Doppler in later pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of HDP according to the change in mean UtA‐PI between the second and third trimesters.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies between March 1997 and March 2016 that underwent longitudinal UtA Doppler assessment in the second and third trimesters. All parameters were converted into centiles or multiples of the median (MoM), adjusting for GA. The study cohort was divided into two groups, according to change in mean UtA‐PI between the second and third trimesters (those with a decrease or no change and those with an increase). HDP included women who developed pre‐eclampsia and/or gestational hypertension. Logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders.ResultsThe analysis included 5887 pregnancies. The incidence of HDP was significantly higher in the group with increasing mean UtA‐PI compared with those without (7.9% vs 5.8%; P = 0.002). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that both third‐trimester UtA‐PI MoM (odds ratio (OR), 7.35; 95% CI, 4.66–11.6; P < 0.001) and stable or decrease in UtA‐PI MoM between the second and third trimesters (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.31–0.60; P < 0.001) were significant independent predictors for the development of HDP.ConclusionWorsening of UtA Doppler is associated with HDP, independent of the value recorded in the second trimester. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mikroglia und Immuntherapien bei degenerativen Netzhauterkrankungen
Authors: Karlstetter Marcus , Dannhausen Katharina , Langmann Thomas 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Bei allen bisher im Detail untersuchten erblichen Netzhautdegenerationen liegt eine dem Erkrankungsverlauf abträgliche chronische Aktivierung des angeborenen Immunsystems zugrunde. Vor allem residente Mikrogliazellen der Netzhaut und verschiedene Proteine des löslichen Komplementsystems tragen zu einer Schädigung von Photorezeptoren und retinalem Pigmentepithel bei. Sowohl spezifische Zielstrukturen auf reaktiven Immunzellen als auch fehlregulierte lösliche Immunmodulatoren bieten neue Ansatzpunkte für Therapien, um das Überleben der Netzhaut trotz genetischer Prädisposition zur Degeneration zu fördern. Dieser Beitrag gibt Einblick in die wesentlichen Regulationsmechanismen der Netzhautimmunologie, diskutiert die mögliche Verwendung immunologischer Biomarker für die Netzhautdiagnostik und zeigt immunmodulierende Therapieansätze durch Biologika und endogene Botenstoffe auf.
Determining the impact of psychosis on rates of false‐positive and false‐negative diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Fischer Corinne E. , Qian Winnie , Schweizer Tom A. , Ismail Zahinoor , Smith Eric E. , Millikin Colleen P. , Munoz David G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe rate of clinical misdiagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and how psychosis impacts that clinical judgment is unclear.MethodsUsing data from National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, we compared the clinical and neuropathologic diagnosis in patients with a diagnosis of AD with autopsy and in neuropathology‐confirmed AD cases (n = 961). We determined the rate of true positives, false positives, and false negatives in patients with and without psychosis.ResultsA total of 76% received a correct AD diagnosis, 11.9% had a false‐negative diagnosis, and 12.1% had a false‐positive diagnosis of AD. Psychotic patients had a higher rate of false‐negative diagnosis and a lower rate of false‐positive diagnosis of AD compared with nonpsychotic patients.DiscussionPatients with psychosis were five times more likely to be misdiagnosed as dementia with Lewy bodies, whereas patients without psychosis were more likely to be falsely diagnosed with AD when vascular pathology is the underlying neuropathologic cause of dementia.
Second-order limit laws for occupation times of fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Xu Fangjun 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We prove a second-order limit law for additive functionals of a d-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index H = 1 / d, using the method of moments and extending the Kallianpur–Robbins law, and then give a functional version of this result. That is, we generalize it to the convergence of the finite-dimensional distributions for corresponding stochastic processes.
Large deviations for the stochastic predator–prey model with nonlinear functional response
Authors: Suvinthra M. , Balachandran K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper we consider a diffusive stochastic predator–prey model with a nonlinear functional response and the randomness is assumed to be of Gaussian nature. A large deviation principle is established for solution processes of the considered model by implementing the weak convergence technique.
A spatial model for selection and cooperation
Authors: Czuppon Peter , Pfaffelhuber Peter 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We study the evolution of cooperation in an interacting particle system with two types. The model we investigate is an extension of a two-type biased voter model. One type (called defector) has a (positive) bias α with respect to the other type (called cooperator). However, a cooperator helps a neighbor (either defector or cooperator) to reproduce at rate γ. We prove that the one-dimensional nearest-neighbor interacting dynamical system exhibits a phase transition at α = γ. A special choice of interaction kernels yield that for α > γ cooperators always die out, but if γ > α, cooperation is the winning strategy.
Coupling any number of balls in the infinite-bin model
Authors: Chernysh Ksenia , Ramassamy Sanjay 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The infinite-bin model, introduced by Foss and Konstantopoulos (2003), describes the Markovian evolution of configurations of balls placed inside bins, obeying certain transition rules. We prove that we can couple the behaviour of any finite number of balls, provided at least two different transition rules are allowed. This coupling makes it possible to define the regeneration events needed by Foss and Zachary (2013) to prove convergence results for the distribution of the balls.
New maximal inequalities for N-demimartingales with scan statistic applications
Authors: Koutras Markos V. , Lyberopoulos Demetrios P. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In the present work, some new maximal inequalities for nonnegative N-demi(super)martingales are first developed. As an application, new bounds for the cumulative distribution function of the waiting time for the first occurrence of a scan statistic in a sequence of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) binary trials are obtained. A numerical study is also carried out for investigating the behavior of the new bounds.
Cultivating Subjects: Opium and rule in post-colonial Vietnam
Authors: LENTZ CHRISTIAN C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSwidden cultivators in the Southeast Asian highlands may work far from lowland centres, but certain crops attract powerful interests. During the First Indochina War (1946–54), French and Vietnamese political actors climbed the hills in pursuit of the Black River region's opium production and trade. Even after combat formally ended, opium contests continued into an independent Vietnam, intersecting with larger struggles over ethnic difference, state resource claims, and market organization. Using upland cultivators to examine post-colonial statemaking, this article tells a new story about opium's tangled relationship with socialist rule in Vietnam. Drawing on French and Vietnamese archival records, it traces the operation of successive opium regimes through war and into restive peace. Based on evidence of opium tax and purchase operations conducted by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) from 1951 to 1960, it argues that regulating the commodity sensitized cultivators to their long, fraught relations with state power. Far from passive, cultivating subjects animated revolutionary ideals, engaged smuggling networks, negotiated resource rights, and mounted an oppositional social movement. Peaking in 1957, the movement and subsequent crackdown illustrate tensions embedded in post-colonial relations of exchange and rule.
Gender associated developmental trajectories of SDQ-dysregulation profile and its predictors in children
Authors: Kunze B. , Wang B. , Isensee C. , Schlack R. , Ravens-Sieberer U. , Klasen F. , Rothenberger A. , Becker A. ,   the BELLA-study group
Published: June 2017

BackgroundSevere mood dysregulation is common in childhood and can be highly impairing. The Dysregulation Profile (DP) can be considered as a broader phenotype of emotional dysregulation, including affect, cognition and behaviour. Since mood dysregulation may persist, but differently in boys and girls, the gender associated course needs to be considered longitudinally to gain a better insight in order to support the children more adequately. This study is focusing on gender associated subgroup trajectories of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Dysregulation Profile (SDQ-DP) in middle childhood (9–13 years of age) and includes the potential impact of clinical and psychosocial characteristics.MethodThe data set was available from the BELLA study on mental health and well-being in children and adolescents, which is the mental health module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). A representative epidemiological sample of 564 children living in Germany was examined at three assessment points over 2 years (data collection 2003–2006). The SDQ-DP of children aged 9–13 years was evaluated using Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA).ResultsFor both genders three trajectories with low (girls 67.0% and boys 59.5%), moderate (girls 28.0% and boys 31.7%) and high SDQ-DP (girls 5.0% and boys 8.8%) scores were detected. The courses of low and moderate subgroups were stable, while in the high SDQ-DP subgroup boys showed a decreasing and girls an increasing trend in symptom severity on a descriptive level. The results of the multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed a significant influence of mainly externalising but also internalising problems both increasing the risk of moderate and high SDQ-DP in both genders. Good quality of life was a protective factor for the SDQ-DP course in all subgroups.ConclusionIn addition to the known clinical and scientific value of the SDQ-DP, three distinguishable trajectories of SDQ-DP in boys and girls could be found. High externalising problems at the beginning of the trajectory were associated with an undesirable course of SDQ-DP. These findings might be helpful for better psychoeducation, counselling and monitoring in clinical cases and public health.
Inhomogeneous random coverings of topological Markov shifts
Authors: SEURET STÉPHANE 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLet $\mathscr{S}$ be an irreducible topological Markov shift, and let μ be a shift-invariant Gibbs measure on $\mathscr{S}$. Let (Xn)n ≥ 1 be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with common law μ. In this paper, we focus on the size of the covering of $\mathscr{S}$ by the balls B(Xn, n−s). This generalises the original Dvoretzky problem by considering random coverings of fractal sets by non-homogeneously distributed balls. We compute the almost sure dimension of lim supn →+∞B(Xn, n−s) for every s ≥ 0, which depends on s and the multifractal features of μ. Our results include the inhomogeneous covering of $\mathbb{T}^d$ and Sierpinski carpets.