bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of superconducting, morphological, and flux pinning ability of YBa2Cu3O7−y matrix with oxygen and Mn2O3 impurity
Authors: Kurtul Gulnur , Yildirim Gurcan , Turgay Tahsin , Terzioglu Cabir 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the current work, the influence of oxygen and Mn2O3 impurity levels intervals 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.30 on various key properties such as electrical resistivity, superconducting, flux pinning ability, stabilization of ceramic system, and morphological properties of YBa2Cu3O7-y (Y-123) superconductor were examined by electrical resistivity, critical current density, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive x-ray (EDX) measurements. The EDX test results indicated that all the Y-123 ceramics produced possessed different composition distributions on the sample surface. SEM photomicrographs also confirmed the improvement in the appearance of surface morphology and crystallinity quality of the YBa2Cu3O7-y system. Moreover, the development in the interaction quality between grains, pinning ability and strength quality of 2D coupled vortices was obtained with the oxygen ambient and optimum manganese impurity addition highly dispersing throughout the intra grain and inter-grain boundary couplings due to the increase in the artificial flux pinning nucleation sites in the Y-123 system. Thus, the best sample with the highest Jc value of 98 A/cm2 showed the most resistance to the applied magnetic field and current. Similarly, the same sample exhibited the greatest superconductive offset (98.320 K) and onset (100.504 K) temperatures values based on the development of the Cu-O coordination and stability of the crystal structure. In conclusion, this comprehensive study based on the analysis of oxygen and Mn2O3 impurity addition mechanism through the YBa2Cu3O7-y ceramic matrix may open a new and applicable field for advanced engineering, heavy industry technology and large-scale applications.
Magnetic field enable lithium ions to penetrate lithophilic 3D collectors and enhance electrochemical performance
Authors: Zhang Jianli , Wang Yao , Zhang Zhiming , Chen Nan , Du Zepu , Ai Qinghui , Chen Qiang , Hou Guangya , Tang Yiping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Lithium metal batteries, celebrated for their exceptional energy density, are promising for advanced energy storage. Nevertheless, the dynamic deformation of lithium metal during cycling often leads to the unchecked proliferation of lithium dendrites, compromising the solid electrolyte interface. This not only deteriorates cycle stability but also poses significant safety risks. In our approach, we develop a three-dimensional lithium-affinitive composite current collector, utilizing an external magnetic field. The lithiophilic nature of V2O5, coupled with the deformability support provided by nickel foam and the depth-enhancing influence of the magnetic field on lithium metal deposition, collectively contribute to a more controlled and stable lithium environment. Our findings indicate that this novel setup allows for a lithium metal deposition depth of up to 310 μm, markedly curtailing the growth of dendrites in successive cycles. Remarkably, batteries reassembled with this magnetically-enhanced, lithium pre-deposited current collector exhibits a coulombic efficiency of 98.3% after 320 cycles at 1 mA cm−2. Moreover, a full cell, equipped with LiFePO4, delivers an initial capacity of 158.4 mAh g−1 at 1 C.
Influence of interface voltage on charge build-up under high voltage
Authors: Zheng Lin , Holé Stéphane 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The interface voltage appearing when two materials are brought into contact was measured with a high sensitive pressure-wave-propagation measurement setup in various low density and high density polyethylene samples coated either with aluminum or gold electrodes. The samples were then tested under high voltage (40 kV/mm) for 24 h to assess the correlation between interface voltage and charge injection at 22 °C. Aluminum electrodes induce a positive interface voltage toward the insulator favoring electron injection at the cathode while gold electrodes induce a negative interface voltage toward the insulator favoring hole injection at the anode. After the injections due to interface voltage, charges diffuse more easily in low density polyethylene that triggers a subsequent injection due to heterocharges buildup.
Complex dynamics in an atmospheric pressure glow discharge in helium: transition from stationary to periodic oscillatory, and fully chaotic states
Authors: Wang Ying , Gorqid Alasa , Kudryavtsev Anatoly , Yao Jingfeng , Yuan Chengxun , Zhou Zhongxiang , Rafatov Ismail 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This work deals with the numerical study of spontaneous temporal oscillations in an atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) in helium. The transition of helium APGD from stationary to periodic oscillatory state through the Hopf bifurcation, and further from periodic to chaotic oscillations through period-doubling bifurcations is explored. The choice of the discharge and external electric circuits parameters is guided by the relevant experiments. The ballast resistance and supply voltage of the external circuit play the role of control parameters. The method is based on the stability analysis of stationary states of the discharge. The stability diagram predicting parameter regimes at which stable and oscillatory states of the APGD can be expected is obtained. The effects of the discharge parameters (such as the gas gap, secondary electron emission coefficient, and capacitance in the external electric circuit) on the bifurcation curve are identified. The Lorenz map and corresponding period-doubling bifurcation diagram characterizing transition to chaotic oscillations in helium APGD with an increase in the control parameter are derived. The value of the capacitance in the external circuit plays a critical role in the dynamical behavior of the discharge. Decreasing its value contributes to the dissipation/damping of the system, whereas increasing it enhances the irregular behavior of the system.
Robust global optimization of plasmonic filter based on Q factor analysis using graded index
Authors: Kim Kyoung-Youm , Jung Jaehoon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To reduce the impact of uncertainties in various manufacturing processes while maintaining satisfactory performance level, we propose a robust global optimization approach for plasmonic filters based on extraordinary optical transmission by use of Q factor analysis with reasonable computational cost. The gradient index is employed as a metric for robustness, and the multiobjective genetic algorithm is selected as a global optimization tool. The figures of merit and gradient index are chosen as two objective functions with the design variables being the slit width, slit height, and period of the slit array, respectively. The finite element method is employed to investigate a variety of optical properties rigorously. The numerical optimization results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides improved effectiveness and efficiency in designing plasmonic filters under fabrication uncertainties by using Q factor analysis. The method proposed in this study enables systematic robust optimization while accounting for manufacturing uncertainties, which would be infeasible under typical time constraints. Specifically, within the proposed optimization framework, Q factor analysis can be employed due to a 20.60-times reduction in computational time. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first robust optimization design for enhanced filter performance based on Q factor analysis in EOT, necessitating comprehensive spectrum calculations alongside fabrication tolerance considerations.
Free evolution in the Ginzburg-Landau equation and other complex diffusion equations
Authors: Southgate Howard N 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
New ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for the evolution of spectral components are derived from the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation (CGLe) for one-dimensional spatial domains without boundaries (free evolution) and with one fixed boundary (semi-free evolution). For such evolution, a complex or imaginary diffusion term creates a tendency for waves to lengthen. This requires a novel ansatz and auxiliary condition that treat wavenumbers as time-varying. The ansatz consists of a discrete spatial Fourier transform modified with a time-dependent wavenumber for the peak spectral component. The wavenumbers of the other components are fixed relative to this wavenumber. The new auxiliary condition is the terminal condition for complex diffusion (after wavenumbers evolve to zero, they remain at zero). The derived free and semi-free ODEs are solved along characteristic lines located symmetrically about a fixed spatial point. Waves lengthen with time away from this point in both directions. Laboratory experiments on the formation of channel sandbars, theoretically described by the CGLe, show two regions whose evolutionary behaviour is qualitatively predicted by the free and semi-free evolution equations. This analysis applies to other time-dependent partial differential equations with complex or imaginary diffusion terms. New freely evolving solutions are derived for the complex heat equation and Schrödinger equation (linear and nonlinear).
Novel superhard orthorhombic O12 carbon: a first principle study
Authors: Wang Hao , Du Mingrun , Wan Linxuan , Zhang Ying , Wang Changying , Yin Yaru , Huai Ping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, a new orthorhombic carbon structure with Ama2 symmetry, designated as O12 carbon, has been predicted on basis of the first-principles method. The thermal stability and dynamic stability of O12 carbon were evaluated and confirmed by combining
ab initio
molecular dynamics and phonon spectra analyses. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of O12 carbon, compared with other superhard carbon allostrope like diamond, M-carbon, Bct-c4 and Cco-C8, have also been systematically investigated. With a bulk modulus of 351 GPa, a shear modulus of 333 GPa, and a Vickers hardness of 53 GPa, O12 carbon is identified as a superhard material of significantly technological and industrial applications. The existence of elastic anisotropy in O12 carbon has also been confirmed. The electronic band structure calculations have revealed that O12 carbon exhibits a semiconductor characteristic with a direct band gap of 2.5 eV, making it promising candidate in electronic applications. Additionally, the XRD spectra of O12 carbon were obtained to offer further insights for potential experimental observations. Our findings enrich the family of carbon structure and are expected to stimulate additional experimental interest.
Antenna RCS minimization using load tuning
Authors: Abdulwali Zaed S A , Alkanhal Majeed A S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper synthesizes antenna RCS using load tuning, beginning with the derivation of the theoretical load impedance to achieve minimum RCS (MRCS) based on antenna radiation and conjugate-matched scattering parameters. This condition is utilized to obtain feasible MRCS zones and minimize backward RCS (BRCS) for the dipole and microstrip patch antennas. The dipole antenna exhibits a full feasible MRCS zone with a BRCS reduction of 77 dB at the resonant frequency, a 63% relative −10dB reduction bandwidth, and a full plane of reduction angles compared to the conjugate-matched condition. However, mismatching of MRCS loading significantly affects the dipole received power. Conversely, the microstrip patch antenna has a feasible MRCS zone that excludes forward directions and demonstrates a negligible mismatching level with a BRCS reduction of 35.5 dB at the resonant frequency, a 0.67% relative reduction bandwidth, a 50° reduction in H-plane, and a 20° reduction in E-plane compared to the conjugate-matched condition. Tuning the load reactance between conjugate-matched and MRCS loadings results in a trade-off between BRCS reduction and the received power. The calculated MRCS load for specific incident direction is applicable for nearby incidence directions, demonstrating applicability with misalignment. The findings validate the efficiency of using load-tuning method with the derived condition to minimize RCS within specific incident angles.
Comparative analysis on high temperature tribological behaviour of additive manufactured and cast AlSi10Mg alloy
Authors: K Sathish Kumar , R Harichandran , Suresh M Kishore , V Ezhilmaran 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) of AlSi10Mg, a material widely used in the aerospace and automotive sectors, has gained considerable interest for its ability to produce intricate shapes with improved mechanical properties. This proposed study aims to experimentally assess the high-temperature tribological performance of as-printed AlSi10Mg and compare it with traditionally cast AlSi10Mg to determine its suitability for high-temperature tribological applications. Samples of AlSi10Mg were manufactured via powder bed fusion, followed by tribological testing at elevated temperatures (30 °C, 100 °C, 200 °C, and 300 °C). The performance of both printed and cast AlSi10Mg pins was compared against an EN31 disc. The microstructure, worn surface, and wear debris of both printed and cast AlSi10Mg were examined using XRD and SEM with EDX analyses. As the load and temperature increase, both printed and cast AlSi10Mg materials demonstrate an increase in wear rate and friction coefficient. The wear rate of printed AlSi10Mg decreased by 60% compared to cast AlSi10Mg at higher temperatures. There is a consistent trend in the coefficient of friction between printed and cast AlSi10Mg samples at low temperatures and loads. Abrasive wear predominantly occurs in both printed and cast AlSi10Mg samples at 30 °C within a load range of 10 to 20 N, while adhesive wear predominates in the same samples at temperatures ranging from 100 °C to 300 °C with an applied load of 30 N. At low temperatures, smaller wear debris is observed, whereas at high temperatures and under a load of 30 N, larger wear debris is observed for both cast and printed AlSi10Mg samples.
Gravitational lensing of spherically symmetric black holes in dark matter halos
Authors: Liu Yi-Gao , Qiao Chen-Kai , Tao Jun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The gravitational lensing of supermassive black holes surrounded by dark matter halo has attracted a great number of interests in recent years. However, many studies employed simplified dark matter density models, which makes it very hard to give a precise prediction on the dark matter effects in real astrophysical galaxies. In this work, to more accurately describe the distribution of dark matter in real astrophysical galaxies, we study the gravitational lensing of black holes in astrophysical dark matter halo models (Beta, Burkert, Brownstein, and Moore). The deflection angle is obtained using a generalized Gibbons-Werner approach. The visual angular positions and the Einstein rings are also calculated by adopting the gravitational lens equation. Specifically, we choose the supermassive black holes in Milky Way Galaxy, Andromeda galaxy (M31), Virgo galaxy (M87), and ESO138-G014 galaxy as examples, including the corresponding fitted value of dark matter halos. The results suggest that the dark matter halo described by the Beta model has non-negligible influences on the gravitational deflection angle and gravitational lensing observations. However, the Burkert, Brownstein, and Moore models have relatively small influences on angular position of images and the Einstein ring.
Real-time four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy through sparse sampling
Authors: Robinson A W , Wells J , Moshtaghpour A , Nicholls D , Huang C , Velazco-Torrejon A , Nicotra G , Kirkland A I , Browning N D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4-D STEM) is a state-of-the-art image acquisition mode used to reveal high and low mass elements at atomic resolution. The acquisition of the electron momenta at each real space probe location allows for various analyses to be performed from a single dataset, including virtual imaging, electric field analysis, as well as analytical or iterative extraction of the object induced phase shift. However, the limiting factor in 4-D STEM is the speed of acquisition which is bottlenecked by the read-out speed of the camera, which must capture a convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) pattern at each probe position in the scan. Recent developments in sparse sampling and image inpainting (a branch of compressive sensing) for STEM have allowed for real-time recovery of sparsely acquired data from fixed monolithic detectors, Further developments in compressive sensing for 4-D STEM have also demonstrated that acquisition speeds can be increased, i.e., live video rate 4-D imaging is now possible. In this work, we demonstrate the first practical implementations of compressive 4-D STEM for real-time inference on two different scanning transmission electron microscopes.
Modeling net-charge fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC*
Authors: Ambaryan G. O. , Chernyshov A. S. , Eyyubova G. Kh. , Korotkikh V. L. , Lokhtin I. P. , Petrushanko S. V. , Snigirev A. M. , Zabrodin E. E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Analysis of Pb+Pb data for net-charge fluctuations at LHC energies using the HYDJET++ model is presented. The strongly intensive quantities D and Σ were used to remove the effects related to system volume fluctuations. We employed two versions of HYDJET++ for the analysis. The first one is the standard or default version, whereas the second one is a modification that takes into account explicit event-by-event conservation of the electric net-charge of produced particles. The inclusion of the canonical net-charge conservation in the model allows for better description of the experimental data obtained by the ALICE and CMS Collaborations. A comparison with calculations from other models is also presented.
Real-time TMS-EEG for brain state-controlled research and precision treatment: a narrative review and guide
Authors: Wischnewski Miles , Shirinpour Sina , Alekseichuk Ivan , Lapid Maria I , Nahas Ziad , Lim Kelvin O , Croarkin Paul E , Opitz Alexander 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) modulates neuronal activity, but the efficacy of an open-loop approach is limited due to the brain state’s dynamic nature. Real-time integration with electroencephalography (EEG) increases experimental reliability and offers personalized neuromodulation therapy by using immediate brain states as biomarkers. Here, we review brain state-controlled TMS-EEG studies since the first publication several years ago. A summary of experiments on the sensorimotor mu rhythm (8–13 Hz) shows increased cortical excitability due to TMS pulse at the trough and decreased excitability at the peak of the oscillation. Pre-TMS pulse mu power also affects excitability. Further, there is emerging evidence that the oscillation phase in theta and beta frequency bands modulates neural excitability. Here, we provide a guide for real-time TMS-EEG application and discuss experimental and technical considerations. We consider the effects of hardware choice, signal quality, spatial and temporal filtering, and neural characteristics of the targeted brain oscillation. Finally, we speculate on how closed-loop TMS-EEG potentially could improve the treatment of neurological and mental disorders such as depression, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, schizophrenia, and stroke.
Performance prediction applying different reduced turbulence models to the SMART tokamak
Authors: Cruz-Zabala D.J. , Podestà M. , Poli F. , Kaye S.M. , Garcia-Munoz M. , Viezzer E. , Berkery J.W. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The SMall Aspect Ratio Tokamak (SMART) is currently being commissioned at the University of Seville and will be able to compare the performance of positive and negative triangularity plasmas at low aspect ratio. Predictive simulations have been performed for different machine scenarios and heating schemes using the TRANSP code. The objectives of these simulations are to predict the parameters expected in positive triangularity plasmas, to guide diagnostic development, and to validate transport models. Several reduced turbulence models have been used to predict electron and ion temperatures for the operational phase 2. All models provide similar results from approximately mid-radius to the separatrix but important discrepancies are found in the core region. These positive triangularity results are compared with experiments from a similar size machine like GLOBUS-M2. The multi-mode model (MMM) shows the best agreement. Simulations with different boundary conditions have been performed and no strong differences have been observed between them. The impact of neutral beam injection (NBI) on the predicted profiles has also been addressed. Rotation reduces turbulence levels so higher temperatures are achieved when included in the simulations. Studying the different contributions to the thermal diffusivities, it is observed that electron temperature gradient (ETG) turbulence dominates at the plasma core while micro-tearing modes (MTM) dominate at the edge in the electron channel. In the ion channel, the neoclassical contribution is dominant at the core and at the very edge while the Weiland component, which includes ion temperature gradient mode (ITG), trapped electron mode (TEM), kinetic ballooning mode (KBM), peeling mode (PM) and collisionless and collision dominated magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes governs the mid-radius region. For phase 3, two plasmas with different electron densities have been studied. The case with lower density matches well a specific discharge of GLOBUS-M2. The higher density plasma shows high performance with

β
N

≈
3.8

.
Speed and Route Planning in Evolving Weather for Efficient Voyages
Authors: Taskar Bhushan , Sasmal Kaushik , Zheng Yingying , Ramganesh T , Eng Tan Ching 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fuel-saving potential by optimizing speed as well as route has been studied in a wide variety of operating conditions on a trans-Pacific route. Analysis using different seasonal weather patterns and various ship speeds allows a more robust estimation of possible fuel savings. Up to 18% reduction in fuel consumption was observed on eastbound voyages and up to 13% savings could be obtained on westbound voyages. It was observed that higher energy savings can be obtained for longer voyage times. Because the share of added wave resistance in total resistance is higher for lower speeds and there is greater flexibility to speed up and slow down during the voyage. A detailed comparison between the hindcast and forecast of metocean data has been presented since actual fuel savings would depend on the accuracy of the weather forecast. For future work on operational optimization, it is suggested to use weather forecast data instead of hindcast for realistic estimation of fuel saving potential.