bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longer Multimorbidity Intervals Are Associated With Lower Mortality in Diabetes: A Whole-Population Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Liu Wenlong , Hu Yuqi , Wei Cuiling , Zhou Lingyue , Liu Boyan , Sun Qi , Chu Rachel Yui Ki , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Lai Francisco Tsz Tsun 
Published: October 2024

Background: Approximately two-thirds of diabetes patients develop multimorbidity, which is associated with increased mortality. We aimed to examine whether, and to what extent, the time interval between pre-existing diabetes and a second chronic disease may be associated with the risk of mortality. Methods: We carried out a territory-wide nested case-control study using incidence density sampling, utilizing electronic health records from Hong Kong’s public healthcare facilities. Among 158 732 patients first diagnosed with diabetes from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 and subsequently developed multimorbidity as of December 31, 2019, we extracted those who died before December 31, 2019 as case participants. For each participant, we randomly matched with up to 4 people of the same sex, multimorbidity age, and second chronic condition who had not died after going through the same survival period of the case participant. Multimorbidity interval was included as a continuous variable. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for mortality. Results: In total, 3508 case participants were matched with 14 032 control participants. Conditional logistic regression showed there were 19%-reduced odds of mortality following the extension of multimorbidity interval by 1 year. Similar associations were observed in men, women, people aged 64 years or younger, and older people aged 65 years or more. Conclusions: Delayed multimorbidity among patients living with diabetes may be related to a lower risk of mortality. This study suggests that we should focus on mitigating and lowering the risk of multimorbidity in clinical management of diabetes to reduce further complication and mortality.
Interpersonal Violence Victimization Among College-Attending and Non-College-Attending Emerging Adults
Authors: Daly Kelly A. , Heyman Richard E. , Smith Slep Amy M. , Lorber Michael F. , Cantor David , Fisher Bonnie S. , Lapshina Natalia , Chibnall Susan H. , Townsend Reanne 
Published: October 2024

It is well-established that rates of interpersonal violence (IV; physical and emotional intimate partner violence [IPV], non-consensual sexual contact [NCSC], and stalking) peak at 18–24 years of age. Most emerging-adult IV research has been conducted with college samples, making increased risk for IV in college a widely held, but perhaps unjustified, assumption. This nationally representative study ( N = 1025) assessed high school seniors on IV victimization and re-assessed them the spring following college enrollment ( n = 779) or non-enrollment ( n = 246). Replicating prior research, we found few differences in prevalences of IV among college-attending and non-attending emerging adults. After controlling for demographics and baseline victimization, only clinically significant (impactful) physical IPV victimization differed between groups, with college conveying a protective effect (OR = 38, 95% CI: .15 – .99). Explication of proximal and distal factors that inform risk for IV among emerging adults on different trajectories is essential for improved prevention and response.
Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic With Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Retrospective Comparative Study Examining Changes in Health Care Access, Delivery, and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Steiner Quinn , Zacharias Anthony , Chumanov Elizabeth , Baer Geoffrey S. , Walczak Brian E. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Structured rehabilitation optimizes outcomes and reduces reinjury risk after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic interrupted standard rehabilitation, possibly affecting ACLR outcomes. Purpose: To characterize changes to ACLR functional outcomes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who underwent ACLR between June 11, 2019, and March 11, 2020, (postpandemic group) were compared retrospectively with those who underwent ACLR the year before (June 11, 2018, to March 11, 2019). A mixed-effects linear regression model was used to estimate group differences in isokinetic quadriceps testing. A Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed the probability of achieving >90% limb symmetry index (LSI) for isokinetic quadriceps strength at 60 deg/s and passing all return-to-sport functional outcomes at 1 year postoperatively. Results: A total of 176 patients (80 in the control group and 96 in the postpandemic group) were included. The rate of achieving >90% LSI in isokinetic strength at 60 deg/s at 1 year postoperatively was 39% (95% CI, 27%-49%) for the control group versus 22% (95% CI, 13%-30%) for the postpandemic group ( P = .01). Similarly, the rate of achieving >90% LSI in all functional tests at 1 year postoperatively was 15% (95% CI, 7%-22%) for the control group versus 7% (95% CI, 2%-12%) for the postpandemic group ( P = .04). The number of in-person physical therapy visits per patient was 25.8 ± 6.8 in the control group versus 24.4 ± 7.5 in the postpandemic group ( P = .23). Only the postpandemic group accessed physical therapy using remote telemedicine. Each additional telehealth rehabilitation visit was associated with a 1-week delay in achieving >90% LSI in isokinetic quadriceps strength for the postpandemic group. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a decrease in lower extremity strength and a lower probability of achieving limb symmetry and passing the criteria for return to sport at 1 year postoperatively. These results were not due to lack of access to physical therapy.
Antibiotic-induced loss of gut microbiome metabolic output correlates with clinical responses to CAR T-cell therapy
Authors: Prasad Rishika , Rehman Abdur , Rehman Lubna , Darbaniyan Faezeh , Blumenberg Viktoria , Schubert Maria-Luisa , Mor Uria , Zamir Eli , Schmidt Sabine , Hayase Tomo , Chang Chia-Chi , McDaniel Lauren , Flores Ivonne , Strati Paolo , Nair Ranjit , Chihara Dai , Fayad Luis E. , Ahmed Sairah , Iyer Swaminathan P. , Wang Michael , Jain Preetesh , Nastoupil Loretta J. , Westin Jason , Arora Reetakshi , Turner Joel , Khawaja Fareed , Wu Ranran , Dennison Jennifer B. , Menges Meghan , Hidalgo-Vargas Melanie , Reid Kayla , Davila Marco L. , Dreger Peter , Korell Felix , Schmitt Anita , Tanner Mark R. , Champlin Richard E. , Flowers Christopher R. , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Hanash Samir , Neelapu Sattva S. , Schmitt Michael , Subklewe Marion , Francois-Fahrmann Johannes , Stein-Thoeringer C. K. , Elinav Eran , Jain Michael D. , Hayase Eiko , Jenq Robert R. , Saini Neeraj Y. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Antibiotic (ABX)–induced microbiome dysbiosis is widespread in oncology, adversely affecting outcomes and side effects of various cancer treatments, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies. In this study, we observed that prior exposure to broad-spectrum ABXs with extended anaerobic coverage such as piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem was associated with worse anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy survival outcomes in patients with large B-cell lymphoma (N = 422) than other ABX classes. In a discovery subset of these patients (n = 67), we found that the use of these ABXs was in turn associated with substantial dysbiosis of gut microbiome function, resulting in significant alterations of the gut and blood metabolome, including microbial effectors such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other anionic metabolites, findings that were largely reproduced in an external validation cohort (n = 58). Broader evaluation of circulating microbial metabolites revealed reductions in indole and cresol derivatives, as well as trimethylamine N-oxide, in patients who received ABX treatment (discovery, n = 40; validation, n = 28). These findings were recapitulated in an immune-competent CAR-T mouse model, in which meropenem-induced dysbiosis led to a systemic dysmetabolome and decreased murine anti-CD19 CAR-T efficacy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SCFAs can enhance the metabolic fitness of CAR-Ts, leading to improved tumor killing capacity. Together, these results suggest that broad-spectrum ABX deplete metabolically active commensals whose metabolites are essential for enhancing CAR-T efficacy, shedding light on the intricate relationship between ABX exposure, microbiome function and their impact on CAR-T efficacy. This highlights the potential for modulating the microbiome to augment CAR-T immunotherapy. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT06218602.
Soluble B-cell maturation antigen levels for disease monitoring in oligosecretory and nonsecretory relapsed multiple myeloma
Authors: Ikeda Daisuke , Aikawa Shuichi , Misono Chiho , Oura Mitsuaki , Fujii Fuminari , Sakuma Hajime , Toho Masanori , Uehara Atsushi , Tabata Rikako , Narita Kentaro , Takeuchi Masami , Watari Tomohisa , Otsuka Yoshihito , Matsue Kosei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Soluble B-cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) is elevated on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. We investigated whether sBCMA levels correlated with other myeloma tumor volume indicators and its utility in monitoring oligosecretory/nonsecretory (O-S/Non-S) MM. In 115 patients with newly diagnosed MM, sBCMA was compared with M-protein levels, bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and total diffusion volume (tDV; estimated by whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging) at diagnosis. sBCMA levels increased significantly with International Staging System stage, chromosome 1q21 gain/amplification, and CTC levels. sBCMA also correlated strongly with %BMPC (r = 0.65) and moderately with tDV (r = 0.55) and paraprotein levels (involved immunoglobulin in IgG and IgA subtypes, r = 0.44 and 0.4; involved free light-chain levels in light-chain-only MM, r = 0.61, all P &lt; .05). Longitudinal changes in sBCMA were consistent with disease status in both 17 O-S/Non-S and other secretory MM cases. Furthermore, sBCMA levels increased as early as 6 months prerelapse in almost all O-S/Non-S relapsed patients. Thus, sBCMA correlates strongly with total tumor volume in MM, as assessed using different modalities. We suggest that sBCMA is useful, not only for monitoring responses in patients with O-S/Non-S MM but also for early relapse detection and prediction.
Foscarnet eyedrops for the treatment of refractory herpetic keratitis
Authors: Awh Caroline C. , Knapp Austen N. , Goshe Jeffrey M. , See Craig W. , Lowder Careen Y. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this case series is to describe the clinical course of patients receiving foscarnet eyedrops for the treatment of refractory herpetic keratitis.

Observations
Six patients diagnosed with herpetic keratitis were treated with foscarnet 24 mg/mL (2.4%) eyedrops with resulting improvement in keratitis.

Conclusion
Topical foscarnet may be a safe and effective treatment for herpetic keratitis in conjunction with, or as an alternative to, conventional antiviral therapy. This is an off-label use of foscarnet.
Understanding rhizospheric microbial dynamics in gladiolus corms through quorum sensing and quorum quenching for disease control and growth promotion
Authors: Hameed Akhtar , Riaz Kashif , Jameel Sahar , Aslam Hafiz Muhammad Usman , Alam Muhammad Waqar , Zaheer Muhammad Saqlain , Riaz Muhammad Waheed , Rizwan Muhammad , Aljowaie Reem M. , Elshikh Mohamed S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGladiolus, a widely cultivated cut flower known for its aesthetically pleasing multicoloured spikes, has earned significant commercial popularity. A comprehensive understanding of the rhizosphere bacterial community associated with gladiolus is imperative for revealing its potential benefits. Molecular characterization is considered an effective method to gain insights into the structural and functional aspects of microbial populations. The soil characteristics and bacterial communities in the rhizosphere are typically influenced by quorum sensing (QS) and quorum quenching (QQ) mechanisms. This study aims to explore the niceties and diversity of rhizospheric bacterial populations linked with gladiolus corms, with a specific focus on understanding the dynamics of QS and QQ mechanisms in their complex interactions. The isolation of bacterial strains was achieved through the serial dilution method on nutrient agar (NA) media. The identification of the isolates was accomplished by amplifying 16 S rRNA gene sequences via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) via the use of universal primers. Sequence analysis was conducted via BLAST on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The characteristics of the isolated bacteria were elucidated via biosensors. This study identified three QS strains and five QQ strains. A consortium of quenchers was formulated utilizing five strains that demonstrated efficacy in mitigating the impact of disease on gladiolus and fostering growth. Among the three treatments—Scale, Descale, and Descale and Cut Half (DSC)—the DSC treatment emerged as the most effective. This treatment exhibited a broader range of variation in biological parameters over time, aligning with prevailing trends in the local market.
Interventions delivered by primary or community healthcare professionals to support people living at home with dementia with activities of daily living: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Chester Helen , Bradbury Barbara , Santer Miriam , Morrison Leanne , Fader Mandy , Ward Jane , Manthorpe Jill , Murphy Catherine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Most people living with dementia live in their own home supported by family carers. One of the most challenging problems they face is managing toilet-use and continence. Carers have repeatedly asked for better advice from healthcare professionals. The purpose of this systematic review was to inform the development of an intervention to support healthcare professionals to provide existing continence management advice to the carers of people living at home with dementia. It aimed to identify and synthesise lessons from the development and evaluation of interventions, involving primary or community healthcare professionals, to support the provision of management advice aimed at supporting people living at home with dementia and their carers with activities of daily living. Due to a lack of relevant continence or toilet-use interventions, this included, but was not limited to, toileting or continence care.

Methods
Literature (February 2009-November 2022) was searched using five databases: MEDLINE (Ovid); PsycINFO (Ovid); EMBASE (Ovid); Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (EBSCO); and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Empirical studies using a variety of methodologies were included and thus the quality of papers appraised using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. No studies were excluded based on quality. A narrative synthesis was undertaken.

Results
Twelve articles reporting on 10 interventions were included. Most comprised the provision of online resources only, although some combined these with online or face-to-face contact with healthcare professionals. A variety of methodologies was utilised including randomised controlled trials. The quality of included studies was variable. Six main themes were identified: mode of delivery; targeted and tailored resources; content, design and navigation; credibility; user involvement in the development and evaluation of information resources; and role of professionals and organisations.

Conclusions
Despite the urgent need to better support people living at home with dementia and their carers, this review highlights the paucity of studies reporting on interventions delivered within primary and community healthcare contexts to provide management advice aimed at supporting this population with activities of daily living. This review has identified important considerations that will potentially aid the development, delivery and evaluation of such interventions.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42022372456.
Pregnancy and delivery after functional hemispherectomy for Rasmussen’s encephalitis: a case report
Authors: Jost Elena , Merz Waltraut M. , Kupczyk Patrick A. , Tascón Padrón Laura , Weber Eva C. , Bien Christian G. , Kosian Philipp 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by progressive seizures and unilateral cerebral atrophy with onset during childhood and unknown etiology. When medical therapy appears refractory, surgical disconnection of the affected hemisphere is indicated. Quality of life after functional hemispherectomy is largely good, affected females may therefore pursue pregnancy. However, data on pregnancy and delivery in RE post hemispherectomy is extremely rare.

Case presentation
We present the case of a patient with left functional hemispherectomy for RE at the age of seven, who experienced two successful pregnancies. In both pregnancies, her post-surgical symptoms including right-sided spasticity, cephalgia, dizziness, and impairment of vision and speech deteriorated but improved to pre-pregnancy level after delivery. Neurologic sequelae post-hemispherectomy overlapped with clinical signs of preeclampsia and required close diagnostic surveillance during both pregnancies.

Conclusion
There are no data on the interaction between RE, hemispherectomy and pregnancy, making maternal and fetal risk assessment difficult. Due to the complexity of the condition and symptoms, management of RE in pregnancy remains highly challenging and requires an interdisciplinary approach. This is the first case description of two successful pregnancies in a woman with RE and status post-hemispherectomy. Further evidence is urgently required to improve counseling and management of affected women.
Health literacy demand and attitudes toward COVID-19 prevention measures among Korean American older adults and their caregivers
Authors: Han Hae-Ra , Yun Ji-Young , Min Deborah , Razaz Maryam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Health literacy has been linked to positive attitudes toward COVID-19 preventive measures among adolescents and young- or middle-aged adult populations. This study examined the relationship between health literacy and attitudes toward COVID-19 preventive measures among non-English speaking Korean American older adults and their caregivers. The study additionally investigated how sociodemographic characteristics were associated with attitudes.

Methods
COVID-19 survey data was collected from potential participants for an ongoing randomized controlled trial involving both Korean American older adults and their caregivers in the Baltimore-Washington and the New York Metropolitan areas (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03909347). Korean American older adults with normal cognition and their caregivers were allowed to participate in the survey. We used latent profile analysis to find unique clusters of participants with a similar pattern of responses to attitudes toward COVID-19 preventive measures. Based on the analysis, we employed multinomial logistic regression to investigate how health literacy and sociodemographic characteristics were associated with the clusters.

Results
We found three clusters based on participant responses to COVID-19 preventive measures—Positive, Negative, or Mixed. Health literacy was not associated with COVID-19 related attitudes in the study sample. Men were 2.37 times more likely to be categorized as Mixed than having Positive Attitudes compared to women. The odds of a person living in the New York metropolitan area being categorized as having Mixed Attitudes compared to Positive Attitudes were also 2.67 times more than for a person living in the Baltimore-Washington area.

Conclusions
Differences in attitudes toward COVID-19 preventive measures were found among sociodemographic variables but not health literacy. Investigating what information channels or methods drive perception of public health information such as COVID-19 may help identify effective dissemination strategies for non-English speaking Korean older adults.
My virtual escape from patient life: a feasibility study on the experiences and benefits of individualized virtual reality for inpatients in palliative cancer care
Authors: Gerlach Christina , Haas Laura , Greinacher Anja , Lantelme Jonah , Guenther Melanie , Thiesbonenkamp-Maag Julia , Alt-Epping Bernd , Wrzus Cornelia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Cancer patients benefit from Virtual Reality (VR) in burdensome situations, but evidence is scarce for palliative situations. Based on earlier work in palliative care, individualized VR interventions like seeing the patient’s home may address a patient’s wish to be at home and thus have a greater effect compared to standard VR content. Yet, some patients and relatives may be concerned about their privacy. Also, patient stakeholders raised concerns about triggering depressed mood or homesickness.

Aim
To test the feasibility and safety of individualized vs. standard 360°video VR interventions in palliative cancer inpatients.

Methods
Prospective observational study with patient-reported outcome measurement using validated instruments of well-being (MDBF), symptoms and psychosocial burden (IPOS), cybersickness (SSQ), presence experience (SPES), subjective benefit (2 items), content analysis of interviews, and field notes. Individualized VR content was recorded with action camcorder-technology to protect the patients’ privacy.

Results
Seventeen patients participated, median age 65 years (range 20–82), 9 women (53%), 8 single or widowed (47%), 4 childless (23.5%), 4 academics (23.5%), with a median length of stay of 9 days (1–75) in the hematology (10), palliative care (3), or radiotherapy (2) unit of a German university hospital. Eight patients (53.3%) chose their own home environments or family for individualized VR-content. All participants enjoyed the intervention. Compared to standard VR content the individualized VR tended to have a stronger effect on well-being and emotional touch. It was not inferior in terms of psychosocial burden and cybersickness. No subjective and relevant side effects occurred. The patients well tolerated the assessments. However, most patients demanded a lighter headset and a desire for more interactivity.

Conclusions
Individualization of VR content shows potential for enhancement of immersion, which improves the VR experience and does not harm in terms of depressed mood or worsening of symptoms. The patients’ and family desire for privacy is feasible with the support of family members who recorded the individualized videos, which is easily manageable today. We suggest a pragmatic randomized clinical trial to compare the effects of individualized vs. standard VR-content.

Trial registration
Registered at German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien; DRKS); registration number: DRKS00032172; registration date: 11/07/2023.