bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geomorphological setting of a sacred landscape: Iron age post battle deposition of human remains at Alken Enge, Denmark
Authors: Søe Niels Emil , Odgaard Bent Vad , Hertz Ejvind , Holst Mads K. , Kristiansen Søren M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Illerup Valley in Denmark contains several large‐scale Iron Age (first to fifth century A.D.) ritual depositions associated with warfare among Germanic groups. The oldest deliberate deposition consisted of human bones and is dated to the first to fifth decade A.D. It is hypothesized that this first deposition initiated a ritual tradition and made the valley sacred to later generations. To understand the choice of the first location, we have reconstructed the landscape setting of the last millennia. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating formed the basis of the chronostratigraphy, while sedimentary processes and development were evaluated from profiles and boreholes. We found that the human remains were deposited in a small paleolake Alken Enge, isolated from the large Lake Mossø by a spit system during the last centuries B.C. The spits had prograded across the lake and formed a land bridge between the two sides of the valley with a potential strong connective‐strategic value. The spits were overwashed during storm surges in the period before the first ritual depositions were made, and a conspicuous landform with white sandy beaches must have been clearly visible to the prehistoric community. Thus, it can be speculated that this landscape combination was important for the location of a large ritual.
Great earthquakes and the fall of the Sanxingdui and Jinsha civilizations in central China
Authors: Lin Aiming , Wang Maomao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Bronze Age Sanxingdui civilization, which first developed in the Sichuan Basin of central China, flourished ca. 2200–1500 B.C. and ended suddenly in ca. 1200 B.C. Subsequently, the Jinsha civilization arose in the area around the city of Chengdu, located ∼40 km southwest of the Sanxingdui Site, but it too suddenly disappeared at ca. 500–200 B.C. The reasons for the sudden terminations of these two ancient civilizations are unknown and subject of debate. Here, we present paleoseismic and archeological evidence to show the possibility that the collapse of both civilizations was caused by great earthquakes that occurred along an active fault zone of the Longmen Shan Thrust Belt, which also triggered the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. Field observations, archeological evidence, trench investigations, and radiocarbon dates indicate that: (1) four great earthquakes prior to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred in the Sichuan Basin within the last 5000 years, with an average recurrence interval of ∼1000 years; (2) the most recent earthquake prior to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred in the late Tang and early Song dynasties (∼A.D. 800–1000); (3) the penultimate paleoseismic event occurred 400 B.C.–A.D. 200; and (4) the two other strong earthquake events occurred 2800–2000 B.C. and 1600–1200 B.C. Paleoseismic evidence in archaeological contexts suggests that the 1600–1200 B.C. and 400 B.C.–A.D. 200 earthquakes were of sufficient magnitude to have caused numerous deaths and extensive damage to infrastructure and economy. These seismic events coincide with important cultural changes and may have led to the demise of the Sanxingdui and Jinsha civilizations.
Effect of steam hydration on reactivity and strength of cement‐supported calcium sorbents for CO2 capture
Authors: Yu Zhijian , Duan Lunbo , Su Chenglin , Li Yingjie , Anthony Edward John 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSteam hydration was used to reactivate spent cement‐supported CO2 sorbent pellets for recycle. The effect of steam hydration on the reactivity of sorbents was investigated in a bubbling fluidized reactor. A specially designed impact apparatus was developed to evaluate the strength of the reactivated pellets as well as determine the effect of ‘superheating’. It was found that the reactivity of synthetic pellets was elevated significantly over that of raw limestone after steam hydration. The CaO conversion of spent pellets increased from 0.113 to 0.419 after hydration, whereas that of spent limestone ranged from 0.089 to 0.278. The CaO conversions of hydrated samples calcined under different conditions achieved the identical level, proportional to the degree of hydration. As expected, the mechanical strength of synthetic pellets declined severely after reactivation. Large cracks emerged on hydrated limestone as seen in scanning electron microscope images. By contrast, similar cracks were not observed for synthetic pellets after hydration, although hydration did produce higher porosity than seen with limestone and an increased surface area, which enhanced CO2 capacity and was associated with an increase in strength loss. The breakage rate of superheated, steam‐reactivated limestone‐derived pellets was about half that of hydrated samples. This demonstrates that superheating treatment (which allows the annealing of stacking faults and mechanical strain produced by hydration) could enhance the strength of hydrated pellets. This work demonstrated that combining steam hydration with superheating can both reactivate the spent synthetic pellets and reduce strength decay associated with the hydration process. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The experience of beauty derived from sorrow
Authors: Ishizu Tomohiro , Zeki Semir 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe studied the neural mechanisms that are engaged during the experience of beauty derived from sorrow and from joy, two experiences that share a common denominator (beauty) but are linked to opposite emotional valences. Twenty subjects viewed and rerated, in a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner, 120 images which each had classified into the following four categories: beautiful and sad; beautiful and joyful; neutral; ugly. The medial orbito‐frontal cortex (mOFC) was active during the experience of both types of beauty. Otherwise, the two experiences engaged different parts of the brain: joyful beauty engaged areas linked to positive emotions while sorrowful beauty engaged areas linked to negative experiences. Separate regions of the cerebellum were engaged during experience of the two conditions. A functional connectivity analysis indicated that the activity within the mOFC was modulated by the supplementary motor area/middle cingulate cortex, known to be engaged during empathetic experiences provoked by other peoples' sadness. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4185–4200, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Presurgical language fMRI: Mapping of six critical regions
Authors: Benjamin Christopher F. , Walshaw Patricia D. , Hale Kayleigh , Gaillard William D. , Baxter Leslie C. , Berl Madison M. , Polczynska Monika , Noble Stephanie , Alkawadri Rafeed , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Constable R. Todd , Bookheimer Susan Y. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLanguage mapping is a key goal in neurosurgical planning. fMRI mapping typically proceeds with a focus on Broca's and Wernicke's areas, although multiple other language‐critical areas are now well‐known. We evaluated whether clinicians could use a novel approach, including clinician‐driven individualized thresholding, to reliably identify six language regions, including Broca's Area, Wernicke's Area (inferior, superior), Exner's Area, Supplementary Speech Area, Angular Gyrus, and Basal Temporal Language Area. We studied 22 epilepsy and tumor patients who received Wada and fMRI (age 36.4[12.5]; Wada language left/right/mixed in 18/3/1). fMRI tasks (two × three tasks) were analyzed by two clinical neuropsychologists who flexibly thresholded and combined these to identify the six regions. The resulting maps were compared to fixed threshold maps. Clinicians generated maps that overlapped significantly, and were highly consistent, when at least one task came from the same set. Cases diverged when clinicians prioritized different language regions or addressed noise differently. Language laterality closely mirrored Wada data (85% accuracy). Activation consistent with all six language regions was consistently identified. In blind review, three external, independent clinicians rated the individualized fMRI language maps as superior to fixed threshold maps; identified the majority of regions significantly more frequently; and judged language laterality to mirror Wada lateralization more often. These data provide initial validation of a novel, clinician‐based approach to localizing language cortex. They also demonstrate clinical fMRI is superior when analyzed by an experienced clinician and that when fMRI data is of low quality judgments of laterality are unreliable and should be withheld.Hum Brain Mapp 38:4239–4255, 2017. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toward a CRISPR Picture: Use of CRISPR/Cas9 to Model Diseases in Human Stem Cells In Vitro
Authors: Freiermuth Jamie L. , Powell‐Castilla Ian J. , Gallicano G. Ian 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into any cell in the body unlocking enormous research potential. Combined with the recent discovery of CRISPR/Cas9 endonucleases in bacteria and their modification for use in biomedical research, these methods have the potential to revolutionize the field of genetic engineering and open the door to generating in vitro models that more closely resemble the in vivo system than ever before. Use of CRISPR/Cas9 has created a whirlwind within the scientific community in the last few years, as the race to move beyond just disease analysis and toward the goal of gene and cell therapy moves further. This review will detail the CRISPR/Cas9 method and its use in stem cells as well as highlight recent studies that demonstrate its use in creating robust disease models. Finally, recent results and current controversies in the field are reviewed and lingering challenges to further development are explored. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 62–68, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microencapsulation of rifampicin: A technique to preserve the mechanical properties of bone cement
Authors: Sanz‐Ruiz Pablo , Carbó‐Laso Esther , Del Real‐Romero Juan Carlos , Arán‐Ais Francisca , Ballesteros‐Iglesias Yolanda , Paz‐Jiménez Eva , Sánchez‐Navarro Magdalena , Pérez‐Limiñana María Ángeles , Vaquero‐Martín Javier 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTTwo‐stage exchange with antibiotic‐loaded bone cement spacers remains the gold standard for chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Rifampicin is highly efficient on stationary‐phase staphylococci in biofilm; however, its addition to PMMA to manufacture spacers prevents polymerization and reduces mechanical properties. Isolation of rifampicin during polymerization by microencapsulation could allow manufacturing rifampicin‐loaded bone cement maintaining elution and mechanical properties. Microcapsules of rifampicin with alginate, polyhydroxybutyratehydroxyvalerate (PHBV), ethylcellulose and stearic acid (SA) were synthesized. Alginate and PHBV microcapsules were added to bone cement and elution, compression, bending, hardness, setting time and microbiological tests were performed. Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post‐hoc test were performed, considering a p < 0.05 as statistical significance. Bone cement specimens containing alginate microcapsules eluted more rifampicin than PHBV microcapsules or non‐encapsulated rifampicin over time (p < 0.012). Microencapsulation of rifampicin allowed PMMA to preserve mechanical properties in compression and bending tests. Cement with alginate microcapsules showed similar behavior in hardness tests to control cement over the study period (73 ± 1.68HD). PMMA with alginate microcapsules exhibited the largest zones of inhibition in microbiological tests. Statistically significant differences in mean diameters of zones of inhibition between PMMA loaded with alginate‐rifampicin (p = 0.0001) and alginate‐PHBV microcapsules (p = 0.0001) were detected. Rifampicin microencapsulation with alginate is the best choice to introduce rifampicin in PMMA preserving mechanical properties, setting time, elution, and antimicrobial properties. The main applicability of this study is the opportunity for obtaining rifampicin‐loaded PMMA by microencapsulation of rifampicin in alginate microparticles, achieving high doses of rifampicin in infected tissues, increasing the successful of PJI treatment. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:459–466, 2018.
The prognostic importance of scalp location in primary head and neck melanoma
Authors: Ozao‐Choy Junko , Nelson Daniel W. , Hiles Jason , Stern Stacey , Yoon Jeong Lim , Sim Myung Shin , Faries Mark B. 
Published: May 2017

Background and ObjectivesFor patients with cutaneous melanoma, primary tumors located in the head and neck is associated with poor outcomes. The reason for this difference and whether it is applicable to all locations within the head and neck remains unclear. We hypothesized that scalp melanoma is uniquely distinguished from other anatomic sites and is independently responsible for the poor prognosis of head and neck melanoma.MethodsQuery and analysis of a prospectively maintained melanoma database of all patients treated for primary cutaneous melanoma from 1971 to 2010.ResultsOf 11 384 patients identified, 7% (n = 799) of lesions originated on the scalp. Scalp primaries were more often found in males and were associated with increased Breslow thickness and were more frequently ulcerated compared to all other anatomic sites (P = 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, scalp location was an independent predictor of worse melanoma‐specific (HR 1.75; CI 1.50‐2.04; P < 0.0001) and overall survival (HR 1.62; CI 1.41‐1.86; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThis, the largest series examining scalp melanoma, confirms that scalp location is independently responsible for the negative prognosis associated with head and neck melanoma. Although the pathophysiology of this difference remains to be determined, these data argue for more rigorous surveillance of this anatomic location.
ACSS2 gene variant associated with cleft lip and palate in two independent Hispanic populations
Authors: Dodhia Sonam , Celis Katrina , Aylward Alana , Cai Yi , Fontana Maria E. , Trespalacios Alberto , Hoffman David C. , Alfonso Henry Ostos , Eisig Sidney B. , Su Gloria H. , Chung Wendy K. , Haddad Joseph 
Published: May 2017

Objectives/HypothesisA candidate variant (p.Val496Ala) of the ACSS2 gene (T > C missense, rs59088485 variant at chr20: bp37 33509608) was previously found to consistently segregate with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) in three Honduran families. Objectives of this study were 1) to investigate the frequency of this ACSS2 variant in Honduran unrelated NSCLP patients and unrelated unaffected controls and 2) to investigate the frequency of this variant in Colombian unrelated affected NSCLP patients and unrelated unaffected controls.Study DesignCase–control studies.MethodsSanger sequencing of 99 unrelated Honduran NSCLP patients and 215 unrelated unaffected controls for the p.Val496Ala ACSS2 variant was used to determine the carrier frequency in NSCLP patients and controls. Sanger sequencing of 230 unrelated Colombian NSCLP patients and 146 unrelated unaffected controls for the p.Val496Ala ACSS2 variant was used to determine the carrier frequency in NSCLP patients and controls.ResultsIn the Honduran population, the odds ratio of having NSCLP among carriers of the p.Val496Ala ACSS2 variant was 4.0 (P = .03), with a carrier frequency of seven of 99 (7.1%) in unrelated affected and four of 215 (1.9%) in unrelated unaffected individuals. In the Colombian population, the odds ratio of having NSCLP among carriers of the p.Val496Ala ACSS2 variant was 2.6 (P = .04), with a carrier frequency of 23 of 230 (10.0%) in unrelated affected and six of 146 (4.1%) in unrelated unaffected individuals.ConclusionsThese findings support the role of ACSS2 in NSCLP in two independent Hispanic populations from Honduras and Colombia.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:E336–E339, 2017
Validation and cross‐cultural adaptation of the arabic version of the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scale
Authors: Amer Mohamed A. , Kabbash Ibrahim A. , Younes Ahmed , Elzayat Saad , Tomoum Mohamed O. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives/HypothesisValidation and cross‐cultural adaptation of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale into the Arabic language with studying of its psychometric properties.Study DesignProspective instrument‐validation study.MethodsGuidelines for the cross‐cultural adaptation process from the original English language scale into the Arabic language version were followed. We assessed the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the NOSE scale (A‐NOSE) (feasibility, reproducibility, internal consistency, reliability, discriminatory validity, responsiveness to change) in 101 consecutive patients who underwent septal surgery (preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively) and 102 asymptomatic controls.ResultsThe Mann‐Whitney test showed a statistically significant difference for the mean score between the patients and the control group denoting good clinical validity. The Cronbach's α coefficient value for the A‐NOSE scale for 101 cases was 0.995, demonstrating good internal consistency. The Wilcoxon signed rank test showed a marked improvement in the patients score 3 months postoperatively. Correlation and level of agreement of the mean score of the A‐NOSE scale for each question were studied using Spearman's rank correlation for each question, and Pearson's correlation for the total score showed statistically significant results.ConclusionsThe A‐NOSE scale is a valid instrument for evaluating the subjective severity of nasal obstruction and is recommended to be used in rhinology research and daily practice.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 127:2455–2459, 2017
A systematic review of patient‐reported measures associated with vestibular dysfunction
Authors: Stewart Vicky M. , Mendis M. Dilani , Low Choy Nancy 
Published: May 2017

Objectives/HypothesisUse of clinical questionnaires to assist in the screening of vestibular disorders in the acute hospital setting is needed. The objective is to detail the clinimetric properties and clinical utility of patient‐reported questionnaires for quantifying dizziness/vertigo symptoms associated with vestibular dysfunction, and to determine validity and utility for screening dizziness/vertigo in the emergency department.Data SourcesWe performed a systematic review of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science in May 2015.MethodsTwo independent reviewers selected studies reporting clinimetric properties of patient‐reported questionnaires that aim to evaluate symptomology of dizziness/vertigo associated with vestibular dysfunction. A third reviewer resolved disparities. Of 1,901 articles initially found in the database search, 58 articles and 9 patient‐reported questionnaires were included.ResultsClinimetric properties of content validity, criterion validity, internal consistency, inter‐/intrarater reliability, test–retest reliability, and responsiveness to vestibular rehabilitation are reported, and methodological quality is rated using the COSMIN (Consensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments) checklist. Clinical utility is described in terms of target population, purpose, number of items, and whether the questionnaire was validated in the emergency department.ConclusionsThe Vestibular Rehabilitation Benefit Questionnaire, a relatively new tool, scored an “excellent” rating on three COSMIN criteria, and may be the best measure to address treatment outcomes. Questions on respective tools ranged from nine to 36, and no questionnaire was validated in the emergency department. Due to the number of questions and lack of validity, none of the questionnaires was deemed appropriate as a screening tool for dizziness/vertigo in the emergency department. Laryngoscope, 128:971–981, 2018
Comparative effect of the sites of anterior cervical pressure on the geometry of the upper esophageal sphincter high‐pressure zone
Authors: Mei Ling , Jiao Hongmei , Sharma Tarun , Dua Arshish , Sanvanson Patrick , Jadcherla Sudarshan R. , Shaker Reza 
Published: May 2017

Objectives/HypothesisExternal cricoid pressure is increasingly used to augment the upper esophageal sphincter (UES). Our objective was to determine the effect of 1) pressures applied to cricoid, supracricoid, and subcricoid regions on the length and amplitude of the UES high‐pressure zone (UESHPZ), and 2) the external cricoid pressure on lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone.Study DesignCase‐control study.MethodsWe studied 11 patients with supraesophageal reflux (mean age 58 ± 12 years) and 10 healthy volunteers (mean age 47 ± 19 years). We tested 20, 30, and 40 mm Hg pressures to cricoid, 1 cm proximal and 1 cm distal to the cricoid. In an additional 15 healthy volunteers (mean age 46 ± 23 years), we studied the effect of external cricoid pressure on LES tone. UES and LES pressures were determined using high‐resolution manometry.ResultsThere was significant increase of UESHPZ length with application of pressure at all sites. The increase of UESHPZ length was relatively symmetric, more orad, and more caudad when the pressure was applied at the cricoid, supracricoid, and subcricoid levels, respectively. The magnitude of pressure increase was greatest at the middle and orad part of the UESHPZ when the pressure was applied at the cricoid and supracricoid levels, respectively. The corresponding magnitude of increase in the caudad part of the UESHPZ was not observed with pressure at the subcricoid level. There was no change of the LES pressure with application of cricoid pressure.ConclusionsThe effect of external pressure on the UESHPZ is site dependent. Subcricoid pressure has the least effect on UESHPZ. External cricoid pressure at 20 to 40 mm Hg has no effect on the LES pressure.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 127:2466–2474, 2017