bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic profile, risk factors and therapeutic approach of desmoid tumors in familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Freitas Ana Catarina Ribeiro , Barbosa Laura Elisabete Ribeiro 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Introduction Desmoid tumors are the main extraintestinal manifestation of FAP, presenting high morbidity and mortality. It is a neoplasia without metastasis capacity, but with infiltrative growth and with a high rate of recurrence. In familial forms, these tumors are associated with a germinal mutation in the APC gene, with a genotype–phenotype correlation influenced by other risk factors.
Materials and methods A review of articles published since the year 2000 in Portuguese, English or Spanish on desmoid tumors in patients with FAP was carried out. A total of 49 publications were included.
Results The site of the mutation in the APC gene is related to the severity of FAP and to the frequency of desmoid tumor. Mutations located distally to codon 1309 are associated with a more attenuated polyposis, but with higher frequency of desmoid tumors. Clinically, these tumors may or may not be symptomatic, depending on their size and location. In their treatment, priority should be given to medical therapy, especially in intra-abdominal tumors, with surgery being the last option if there are no other complications.
Discussion These tumors are associated with certain risk factors: genetic (mutation site), hormonal (estrogenic environment) and physical (surgical trauma) ones. In young women, a later prophylactic colectomy is suggested. Moreover, the laparoscopic approach to prophylactic surgery seems to be an option that reduces surgical trauma and consequently the appearance of desmoid tumors.
Conclusion The step-up medical approach has been shown to be valid in the treatment of intra-abdominal desmoid tumors, and medical treatment should be the first therapeutic option.
Effects of Low‐Load Exercise on Postneedling‐Induced Pain After Dry Needling of Active Trigger Point in Individuals With Subacromial Pain Syndrome
Authors: Salom‐Moreno Jaime , Jiménez‐Gómez Laura , Gómez‐Ahufinger Victoria , Palacios‐Ceña María , Arias‐Buría José L. , Koppenhaver Shane L. , Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe application of dry needling usually is associated with postneedling‐induced pain. A postneedling intervention to reduce this adverse event is needed.ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of low‐load exercise on reducing postneedling‐induced pain after dry needling of active trigger points (TrPs) in the infraspinatus muscle in subacromial pain syndrome.DesignA 72‐hour follow‐up, single‐blind randomized controlled trial.SettingUrban hospitals.ParticipantsIndividuals with subacromial pain syndrome (n = 90, 52% female, mean age: 35 ± 13 years) with active TrPs in the infraspinatus muscle.InterventionsAll individuals received dry needling into the infraspinatus active TrP. Then, they were divided randomly into an experimental group, which received a single bout of low‐load exercise of shoulder muscles; a placebo group, which received inactive ultrasound for 10 minutes; and a control group, which did not receive any intervention.Outcome MeasuresNumerical Pain Rating Scale (0‐10 point) was administered postneedling, immediately postintervention (2 minutes), and 24, 48, and 72 hours after needling. Shoulder pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale, 0‐10) and disability (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; Shoulder Pain and Disability Index) were assessed before and 72 hour after needling.ResultsThe 5 × 3 analysis of covariance showed that the exercise group demonstrated a larger decrease in postneedling‐induced pain immediately after (P = .001), 24 hours (P = .001), and 48 hours after (P = .006) than placebo or control groups. No differences were found at 72 hours (P = .03). Similar improvements in shoulder pain (P < .001) and related disability (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand: P < .001; Shoulder Pain and Disability Index: P < .001) were observed 72 hours after needling, irrespective of the treatment group.ConclusionsLow‐load exercise was effective for reducing postneedling‐induced pain on active TrPs in the infraspinatus muscle 24 and 48 hours after needling. The application of a postneedling intervention did not influence short‐term pain and disability changes.Level of EvidenceI
Aperiodicity at the boundary of chaos
Authors: HURDER STEVEN , RECHTMAN ANA 
Published: May 2017

We consider the dynamical properties of $C^{\infty }$-variations of the flow on an aperiodic Kuperberg plug $\mathbb{K}$. Our main result is that there exists a smooth one-parameter family of plugs $\mathbb{K}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}}$ for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}\in (-a,a)$ and $a<1$, such that: (1) the plug $\mathbb{K}_{0}=\mathbb{K}$ is a generic Kuperberg plug; (2) for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}<0$, the flow in the plug $\mathbb{K}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}}$ has two periodic orbits that bound an invariant cylinder, all other orbits of the flow are wandering, and the flow has topological entropy zero; (3) for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}>0$, the flow in the plug $\mathbb{K}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}}$ has positive topological entropy, and an abundance of periodic orbits.
OA in the UK: State of the Nation
Authors: Rumsey Sally 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the current status of UK national open access (OA) policies, their implementation, and the responses of HEIs (Higher Education Institutions) and other key players. Prior to 2012 a number of funders' OA policies had been published. Although many medical scientists were publishing OA articles and subject pre-print repositories were active in some disciplines (for example ArXiv and RePEc EconPapers), most academics were not complying with their funder's OA policy, the policies were not being policed, and in many disciplines, OA was not on researchers' radar.The article concludes that OA in the UK has changed considerably in recent years and is continuing to evolve rapidly, mainly due to the effect of UK funder OA policies. There is an urgent need for increased automation to support greater accuracy and efficiency, which needs input from, and will benefit, the major players: researchers, universities, funders, and publishers. Sustainable funding needs to be coupled with efforts to drive down costs. The reasons behind the push for OA needs discussion with researchers, some of whom view OA as an additional burden. The value placed on OA needs to be weighted more towards the benefits of OA within a less compliance dominated environment. There is a long way to go, but reflecting on the last four years, the UK has made enormous strides towards widespread OA.
WHOSE FAULT? THE SPECULATOR'S GUILT INLITTLE DORRIT
Authors: Lannon Colleen 
Published: May 2017

In May 1855,Charles Dickensconfided to a friend that he had found a “capital name” for his new work,Nobody's Fault, a title that remained until he completed the first three numbers and renamed itLittle Dorrit(Letters7.703). The original title has generally been assumed to refer to Dickens's broad attack on the lack of accountability in government, particularly in relation to the Crimean War. However, the phrase also evokes the issues of financial impropriety that permeate the novel. In particular, Arthur's obsessive concern that through his parents’ grasping at money “some one may have been grievously deceived, injured, ruined” (39; bk. 1, ch. 5) links his personal sense of guilt to the more public instance of financial “ruin” in the book – the collapse of Mr. Merdle's fraudulent schemes. In both cases, the question of agency remains ambiguous. Who is at fault for the bankruptcy of Clennam & Doyce: Arthur, who invested the firm's money in Merdle's ventures; Pancks, who convinced him of their soundness; or Merdle, who perpetrated the fraud? And who bears responsibility for the financial deceit that deprived Amy Dorrit of her rightful inheritance from Arthur's grandfather: Mrs. Clennam, who hid the codicil; Arthur's father, who colluded in the concealment; or Arthur, who, along with his parents, benefited financially from the transaction? Out of these ambiguities emerges one figure that becomes the locus of responsibility and blame for both transgressions – Arthur Clennam. Against the express wishes of his solicitor, Arthur steps forward to become the “solitary target” for the “thousands of people. . . wildly staring about for somebody alive to heap reproaches on” in the aftermath of Merdle's downfall and suicide (599; bk. 2, ch. 26). His actions give public expression to his private sense of familial guilt, allowing him to declare openly, “Iam at fault.”
BASES OF -EQUIVARIANT COHOMOLOGY OF BOTT–SAMELSON VARIETIES
Authors: SHCHIGOLEV VLADIMIR 
Published: May 2017

We construct combinatorial bases of the $T$-equivariant cohomology $H_{T}^{\bullet }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4},k)$ of the Bott–Samelson variety $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}$ under some mild restrictions on the field of coefficients $k$. These bases allow us to prove the surjectivity of the restrictions $H_{T}^{\bullet }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4},k)\rightarrow H_{T}^{\bullet }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{-1}(x),k)$ and $H_{T}^{\bullet }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4},k)\rightarrow H_{T}^{\bullet }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}\setminus \unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{-1}(x),k)$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}:\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}\rightarrow G/B$ is the canonical resolution. In fact, we also construct bases of the targets of these restrictions by picking up certain subsets of certain bases of $H_{T}^{\bullet }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4},k)$ and restricting them to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{-1}(x)$ or $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}\setminus \unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{-1}(x)$ respectively. As an application, we calculate the cohomology of the costalk-to-stalk embedding for the direct image $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}_{\ast }\text{}\underline{k}_{_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}}}$. This algorithm avoids division by 2, which allows us to re-establish 2-torsion for parity sheaves in Braden’s example, Braden and Williamson [‘Modular intersection cohomology complexes on flag varieties’, Math. Z.272(3–4) (2012), 697–727].
MicroRNA-18a-5p functions as an oncogene by directly targeting IRF2 in lung cancer
Authors: Liang Chen , Zhang Xing , Wang Hui-Min , Liu Xiao-Min , Zhang Xin-ju , Zheng Bo , Qian Guang-Ren , Ma Zhong-Liang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLung cancer is the major form of cancer resulting in cancer-related mortality around the world. MicroRNAs are endogenous small non-coding single-stranded RNAs, which can engage in the regulation of gene expression. In this study, miR-18a-5p significantly upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and NSCLC cell lines, suggesting an oncogenic function in lung cancer. Additionally, miR-18a-5p can promote carcinogenesis by directly targeting interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2). Further experiments indicated that IRF2 can increase cell apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation and migration ability. Our study demonstrates that miR-18a-5p promotes autophagy in NSCLC. Collectively, these results indicate that miR-18a-5p can not only promote NSCLC by suppressing IRF2, but also will be a promising target in the near future.
Human type H vessels are a sensitive biomarker of bone mass
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhou Fei , Zhang Peng , Wang Hongzhen , Qu Zhipeng , Jia Peng , Yao Zhe , Shen Guangsi , Li Guangfei , Zhao Guoyang , Li Jian , Mao Yongtao , Xie Zonggang , Xu Wei , Xu Youjia , Xu Ying 
Published: May 2017

AbstractVascularization is fundamental for bone formation and bone tissue homeostasis. However, in human subjects, a direct molecular relationship has not been identified between angiogenesis and agents that promote bone disease or factors related to age. Osteopenia is a condition in which bone mineral density is lower than normal, and it represents a sign of normal aging. Here we tested whether the type H vessel, which was recently identified as strongly positive for CD31 and Endomucin (CD31hiEmcnhi) in mice, is an important indicator of aging and osteopenia in human subjects. We found that age-dependent losses of type H vessels in human bone sections conform to the observations in aged mice. The abundance of human type H vessels and osteoprogenitors may be relevant to changes in the skeletal microarchitecture and advanced osteopenia. Furthermore, ovariectomized mice, a widely used model for postmenopausal osteoporosis, exhibited significantly reduced type H vessels accompanied by reduced osteoprogenitors, which is consistent with impaired bone microarchitecture and osteoporosis, suggesting that this feature is an indicator of bone mass independent of aging. More importantly, administration of desferrioxamine led to significantly increased bone mass via enhanced angiogenesis and increased type H vessels in ovariectomized mice. Altogether, these data represent a novel finding that type H vessels are regulated in aged and osteopenia subjects. The abundance of human type H vessels is an early marker of bone loss and represents a potential target for improving bone quality via the induction of type H vessels.
Genome-scale measurement of off-target activity using Cas9 toxicity in high-throughput screens
Authors: Morgens David W. , Wainberg Michael , Boyle Evan A. , Ursu Oana , Araya Carlos L. , Tsui C. Kimberly , Haney Michael S. , Hess Gaelen T. , Han Kyuho , Jeng Edwin E. , Li Amy , Snyder Michael P. , Greenleaf William J. , Kundaje Anshul , Bassik Michael C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 screens are powerful tools for high-throughput interrogation of genome function, but can be confounded by nuclease-induced toxicity at both on- and off-target sites, likely due to DNA damage. Here, to test potential solutions to this issue, we design and analyse a CRISPR-Cas9 library with 10 variable-length guides per gene and thousands of negative controls targeting non-functional, non-genic regions (termed safe-targeting guides), in addition to non-targeting controls. We find this library has excellent performance in identifying genes affecting growth and sensitivity to the ricin toxin. The safe-targeting guides allow for proper control of toxicity from on-target DNA damage. Using this toxicity as a proxy to measure off-target cutting, we demonstrate with tens of thousands of guides both the nucleotide position-dependent sensitivity to single mismatches and the reduction of off-target cutting using truncated guides. Our results demonstrate a simple strategy for high-throughput evaluation of target specificity and nuclease toxicity in Cas9 screens.
Ultrafast all-optical tuning of direct-gap semiconductor metasurfaces
Authors: Shcherbakov Maxim R. , Liu Sheng , Zubyuk Varvara V. , Vaskin Aleksandr , Vabishchevich Polina P. , Keeler Gordon , Pertsch Thomas , Dolgova Tatyana V. , Staude Isabelle , Brener Igal , Fedyanin Andrey A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOptical metasurfaces are regular quasi-planar nanopatterns that can apply diverse spatial and spectral transformations to light waves. However, metasurfaces are no longer adjustable after fabrication, and a critical challenge is to realise a technique of tuning their optical properties that is both fast and efficient. We experimentally realise an ultrafast tunable metasurface consisting of subwavelength gallium arsenide nanoparticles supporting Mie-type resonances in the near infrared. Using transient reflectance spectroscopy, we demonstrate a picosecond-scale absolute reflectance modulation of up to 0.35 at the magnetic dipole resonance of the metasurfaces and a spectral shift of the resonance by 30 nm, both achieved at unprecedentedly low pump fluences of less than 400 μJ cm–2. Our findings thereby enable a versatile tool for ultrafast and efficient control of light using light.
RNA-Seq based genome-wide analysis reveals loss of inter-chromosomal regulation in breast cancer
Authors: Espinal-Enríquez Jesús , Fresno Cristóbal , Anda-Jáuregui Guillermo , Hernández-Lemus Enrique 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBreast cancer is a complex heterogeneous disease. Common hallmark features of cancer can be found. Their origin may be traced back to their intricate relationships governing regulatory programs during the development of this disease. To unveil distinctive features of the transcriptional regulation program in breast cancer, a pipeline for RNA-seq analysis in 780 breast cancer and 101 healthy breast samples, at gene expression and network level, was implemented. Inter-chromosomal relationships between genes resulted strikingly scarce in a cancer network, in comparison to its healthy counterpart. We suggest that inter-chromosomal regulation loss may be a novel feature in breast cancer. Additional evidence was obtained by independent validation in microarray and Hi-C data as well as supplementary computational analyses. Functional analysis showed upregulation in processes related to cell cycle and division; while migration, adhesion and cell-to-cell communication, were downregulated. Both the BRCA1 DNA repairing signalling and the Estrogen-mediated G1/S phase entry pathways were found upregulated. In addition, a synergistic underexpression of the γ-protocadherin complex, located at Chr5q31 is also shown. This region has previously been reported to be hypermethylated in breast cancer. These findings altogether provide further evidence for the central role of transcriptional regulatory programs in shaping malignant phenotypes.
Bright nanoscale source of deterministic entangled photon pairs violating Bell’s inequality
Authors: Jöns Klaus D. , Schweickert Lucas , Versteegh Marijn A. M. , Dalacu Dan , Poole Philip J. , Gulinatti Angelo , Giudice Andrea , Zwiller Val , Reimer Michael E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGlobal, secure quantum channels will require efficient distribution of entangled photons. Long distance, low-loss interconnects can only be realized using photons as quantum information carriers. However, a quantum light source combining both high qubit fidelity and on-demand bright emission has proven elusive. Here, we show a bright photonic nanostructure generating polarization-entangled photon pairs that strongly violates Bell’s inequality. A highly symmetric InAsP quantum dot generating entangled photons is encapsulated in a tapered nanowire waveguide to ensure directional emission and efficient light extraction. We collect ~200 kHz entangled photon pairs at the first lens under 80 MHz pulsed excitation, which is a 20 times enhancement as compared to a bare quantum dot without a photonic nanostructure. The performed Bell test using the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality reveals a clear violation (SCHSH > 2) by up to 9.3 standard deviations. By using a novel quasi-resonant excitation scheme at the wurtzite InP nanowire resonance to reduce multi-photon emission, the entanglement fidelity (F = 0.817 ± 0.002) is further enhanced without temporal post-selection, allowing for the violation of Bell’s inequality in the rectilinear-circular basis by 25 standard deviations. Our results on nanowire-based quantum light sources highlight their potential application in secure data communication utilizing measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution and quantum repeater protocols.
A comparative multi-parametric in vitro model identifies the power of test conditions to predict the fibrotic tendency of a biomaterial
Authors: Jannasch Maren , Gaetzner Sabine , Weigel Tobias , Walles Heike , Schmitz Tobias , Hansmann Jan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDespite growing effort to advance materials towards a low fibrotic progression, all implants elicit adverse tissue responses. Pre-clinical biomaterial assessment relies on animals testing, which can be complemented by in vitro tests to address the Russell and Burch’s 3R aspect of reducing animal burden. However, a poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo biomaterial assessments confirms a need for suitable in vitro biomaterial tests. The aim of the study was to identify a test setting, which is predictive and might be time- and cost-efficient. We demonstrated how sensitive in vitro biomaterial assessment based on human primary macrophages depends on test conditions. Moreover, possible clinical scenarios such as lipopolysaccharide contamination, contact to autologous blood plasma, and presence of IL-4 in an immune niche influence the outcome of a biomaterial ranking. Nevertheless, by using glass, titanium, polytetrafluorethylene, silicone, and polyethylene representing a specific material-induced fibrotic response and by comparison to literature data, we were able to identify a test condition that provides a high correlation to state-of-the-art in vivo studies. Most important, biomaterial ranking obtained under native plasma test conditions showed a high predictive accuracy compared to in vivo assessments, strengthening a biomimetic three-dimensional in vitro test platform.
CD163+CD204+ tumor-associated macrophages contribute to T cell regulation via interleukin-10 and PD-L1 production in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kubota Keigo , Moriyama Masafumi , Furukawa Sachiko , Rafiul Haque A. S. M. , Maruse Yasuyuki , Jinno Teppei , Tanaka Akihiko , Ohta Miho , Ishiguro Noriko , Yamauchi Masaaki , Sakamoto Mizuki , Maehara Takashi , Hayashida Jun-Nosuke , Kawano Shintaro , Kiyoshima Tamotsu , Nakamura Seiji 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis by producing various mediators. Although preclinical studies demonstrated that TAMs preferentially express CD163 and CD204, the TAM subsets in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unknown. In this study, we examined the expression and role of TAM subsets in OSCC. Forty-six patients with OSCC were analyzed for expression of TAMs in biopsy samples by immunohistochemistry. We examined TAM subsets and their production of immune suppressive molecules (IL-10 and PD-L1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from three OSCC patients by flow cytometry. CD163 was detected around the tumor or connective tissue, while CD204 was detected in/around the tumors. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that CD163+CD204+ TAMs strongly produced IL-10 and PD-L1 in comparison with CD163+CD204− and CD163−CD204+ TAMs. Furthermore, the number of activated CD3+ T cells after co-culture with CD163+CD204+ TAMs was significantly lower than that after co-culture with other TAM subsets. In clinical findings, the number of CD163+CD204+ TAMs was negatively correlated with that of CD25+ cells and 5-year progression-free survival. These results suggest that CD163+CD204+ TAMs possibly play a key role in the invasion and metastasis of OSCC by T-cell regulation via IL-10 and PD-L1 production.