bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unresolved attachment and agency in women victims of intimate partner violence: A case–control study
Authors: Pallini Susanna , Alfani Agnese , Marech Lucrezia , Laghi Fiorenzo 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesWomen victims of IPV are more likely insecurely attached and have experienced childhood abuse, which according to the attachment theory is deeply related to disorganized attachment. This case–control study was performed with the aim to compare the attachment status and the defensive processing patterns of women victims of IPV (cases) with women with no experiences of IPV (controls).MethodsCases were 16 women with an age range from 26 years to 51 years. The control group included 16 women with an age range from 26 years to 59 years. Women's states of mind in regard to attachment were evaluated with the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System, which allows classifying attachment status and defensive mechanisms.ResultsCompared with control group, most IPV women resulted having an unresolved attachment status and describing characters less capable to draw upon internal resources, that is, internalized secure base, and less capable to act than controls. Women victims of IPV used significantly more words referring danger and failed protection than controls.ConclusionsThe results evidenced the strong effectiveness of the AAP on analysing the psychological attitudes of women victims of IPV. The dramatic events lived by the women victims of IPV are so dominant in their minds that they invade their stories. This could represent a clue of emotional dysregulation.Practitioner points

The use of AAP improves the understanding of the agency of self and of the specific levels of trauma experienced by IPV victims, on clarifying their frightening/frightened dynamic, typical of the disorganized attachment relationship, which undermines their activity of mentalization.
The therapist will assume the stance of a secure base and then both promoting exploration and contrasting impotence, humiliation, and subordination that IPV women have experienced.
This therapeutic interpersonal context will be functional to reach two different but related therapeutic goals: (1) to facilitate the rebuilding of agency (through an activation of subject to explore concrete strategies for exiting from IPV), (2) to explore attachment‐related segregated systems from awareness, and to integrate them in memory.
Persistence of impulsivity in pediatric and adolescent patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Yamamuro Kazuhiko , Ota Toyosaku , Iida Junzo , Kishimoto Naoko , Nakanishi Yoko , Kishimoto Toshifumi 
Published: October 2016

AimIncreasing clinical evidence points to impulsivity as a symptom of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, little is known about its persistence over time.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated the performance of 12 pediatric patients with OCD on the Stroop color–word task, which assesses impulsivity, and compared this with age‐ and sex‐matched controls. In parallel, we measured changes in hemodynamic responses during the task, using near‐infrared spectroscopy. As patients in the OCD group were naïve to treatment, we compared results before and after 3‐year medication with serotonin reuptake inhibitors.ResultsWe report that, compared with controls, the OCD group had significantly poorer performance and less activation in the prefrontal cortex during the Stroop color–word task. Surprisingly, while serotonin‐reuptake‐inhibitors treatment reduced OCD symptomology, it did not improve the diminished hemodynamic responses or task performance of these patients.ConclusionOur findings suggest that a persistent deficit exists in the inhibitory control of pediatric patients with OCD; they also provide insight into the pathophysiology of OCD.
Lumbar Sympathetic Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment for Primary Erythromelalgia: A Case Report
Authors: Lee Jin Young , Sim Woo Seog , Kang Ryung A. , Lee Eun Kyung , Yang Jae Young , Kim Dae Yoon 
Published: October 2016

AbstractErythromelalgia is often refractory and resistant to many forms of treatment. Numerous therapeutic options have been tried, but effective treatment remains elusive. The sympathetic nervous system has been involved in various painful conditions of neuropathic, vascular, and visceral origin. Sympathetic block is helpful in making a diagnosis and managing pain. We report a case of excellent pain relief after lumbar sympathetic pulsed radiofrequency treatment in a patient with primary erythromelalgia of the lower extremities. This case suggests the viability of pulsed radiofrequency treatment in patients with erythromelalgia.
Treatment of Childhood Vitiligo Using Tacrolimus Ointment with Narrowband Ultraviolet B Phototherapy
Authors: Dayal Surabhi , Sahu Priyadarshini , Gupta Nidhi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesA combination of narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) phototherapy plus topical tacrolimus has been used in adult vitiligo but has not yet been explored in children. We therefore sought to highlight the efficacy of this synergistic combination in childhood vitiligo. The objective was to study the clinical efficacy and safety of a combination of NBUVB with topical tacrolimus ointment 0.03% in childhood vitiligo.MethodIn this open‐label study, 20 children, 4 to 14 years of age, with symmetrical vitiligo lesions were enrolled for 24 weeks. All were instructed to apply tacrolimus ointment 0.03% on a target patch on the left side of the body twice daily and no topical on a target patch on the right side. The whole body was irradiated with NBUVB three times per week. All patients were examined and the same dermatologist photographed lesions to assess for repigmentation at 4‐week intervals. Response was noted as the percentage of repigmentation (none, 0%; poor, 1–25%; moderate, 26–50%; good, 51–75%; excellent, >75%).ResultOur study found a statistically significant difference in the mean percentage of repigmentation at 4 and 6 months between combination therapy and NBUVB monotherapy. The mean cumulative dose and average number of exposures for the first clinically visible response were significantly lower with combination therapy. No serious adverse events were noted during the study period.ConclusionOur preliminary data suggest that a combination of NBUVB phototherapy with topical tacrolimus is a highly effective and promising therapeutic option for vitiligo in children, whose treatment options are very limited, but long‐term studies are needed to evaluate the future risk of malignancy.
Fecal retention in childhood: Evaluation on ultrasonography
Authors: Hatori Reiko , Tomomasa Takeshi , Ishige Takashi , Tatsuki Maiko , Arakawa Hirokazu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the usefulness of rectal diameter measurement on ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool for fecal retention in children.MethodsOne hundred children (median age, 5.0 years), consisting of 80 with functional constipation and 20 without constipation, participated in the study. All patients underwent physical examination that included digital rectal examination. Forty‐five children underwent ultrasonography in three differential planes: transection above the symphysis; under the ischial spine; and at the bladder neck. The measurement of the rectal diameter at the transection above the symphysis could most easily detect fecal retention and had the closest correlations with retention among the three planes.ResultsRectal diameter was wider at all measuring points (35.2 vs 20.9 mm above the symphysis, P < 0.0001; 35.7 vs 24.0 mm under the ischial spine, P < 0.0001; and 19.4 vs 8.7 mm at the bladder neck, P < 0.0001) in children with fecal retention than in those with no fecal retention. With regard to presence of constipation, children with fecal retention had a wider rectal diameter above the symphysis than those with no fecal retention (children with functional constipation, 35.3 vs 20.0 mm, P < 0.0001; children without constipation: 32.6 vs 14.6 mm, P = 0.0026). The cut‐off for the rectal diameter measured above the symphysis to identify fecal retention was 27 mm, with high sensitivity and specificity (95.5% and 94.1%, respectively).ConclusionUltrasound rectal diameter measurement can be used to detect fecal retention in children.
Pupil old/new effects reflect stimulus encoding and decoding in short‐term memory
Authors: Brocher Andreas , Graf Tim 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe conducted five pupil old/new experiments to examine whether pupil old/new effects can be linked to familiarity and/or recollection processes of recognition memory. In Experiments 1–3, we elicited robust pupil old/new effects for legal words and pseudowords (Experiment 1), positive and negative words (Experiment 2), and low‐frequency and high‐frequency words (Experiment 3). Importantly, unlike for old/new effects in ERPs, we failed to find any effects of long‐term memory representations on pupil old/new effects. In Experiment 4, using the words and pseudowords from Experiment 1, participants made lexical decisions instead of old/new decisions. Pupil old/new effects were restricted to legal words. Additionally requiring participants to make speeded responses (Experiment 5) led to a complete absence of old/new effects. Taken together, these data suggest that pupil old/new effects do not map onto familiarity and recollection processes of recognition memory. They rather seem to reflect strength of memory traces in short‐term memory, with little influence of long‐term memory representations. Crucially, weakening the memory trace through manipulations in the experimental task significantly reduces pupil/old new effects.
Mobility and muscle strength in male former elite endurance and power athletes aged 66−91 years
Authors: Manderoos S. , Wasenius N. , Laine M. K. , Kujala U. M. , Mälkiä E. , Kaprio J. , Sarna S. , Bäckmand H. M. , Kettunen J. A. , Heinonen O. J. , Jula A. M. , Aunola S. , Eriksson J. G. 
Published: October 2016

The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to compare mobility and muscle strength in male former elite endurance and power athletes aged 66−91 years (n = 150; 50 men in both former elite athlete groups and in their control group). Agility, dynamic balance, walking speed, chair stand, self‐rated balance confidence (ABC‐scale), jumping height, and handgrip strength were assessed. Former elite power athletes had better agility performance time than the controls (age‐ and body mass index, BMI‐adjusted mean difference −3.6 s; 95% CI −6.3, −0.8). Adjustment for current leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and prevalence of diseases made this difference non‐significant (P = 0.214). The subjects in the power sports group jumped higher than the men in the control group (age‐ and BMI‐adjusted mean differences for vertical squat jump, VSJ 4.4 cm; 95% CI 2.0, 6.8; for countermovement jump, CMJ 4.0 cm; 95% CI 1.7, 6.4). Taking current LTPA and chronic diseases for adjusting process did not improve explorative power of the model. No significant differences between the groups were found in the performances evaluating dynamic balance, walking speed, chair stand, ABC‐scale, or handgrip strength. In conclusion, power athletes among the aged former elite sportsmen had greater explosive force production in their lower extremities than the men in the control group.
Effects of 12‐week resistance training during radiotherapy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Wiskemann J. , Schmidt M. E. , Klassen O. , Debus J. , Ulrich C. M. , Potthoff K. , Steindorf K. 
Published: October 2016

Exercise is considered to be an effective supportive treatment approach in breast cancer (BC) patients. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of a 12‐week PRT during radiotherapy. Strength performance was assessed by maximal isokinetic peak torque (MIPT) in two different angular velocities (60°/s and 180°/s) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction for shoulder external and internal rotation, as well as for knee extension and flexion were assessed pre‐ and post‐intervention in 146 patients randomized to PRT or a control group. Statistical analyses were based on analysis of covariance models for the individual changes from baseline to week 13. Intention‐to‐treat analyses showed significant between‐group differences favoring the exercise group (EX) for MIPT in knee flexion and shoulder internal and external rotation (P < 0.05). Subgroup analyses showed borderline significant differences with regard to pretreatment history, revealing that pretreated chemotherapy patients tend to benefit more from PRT than patients without chemotherapy (P = 0.06). Strength gain at the operated arm was significantly higher than at the non‐operated arm in EX. PRT was efficacious in increasing upper and lower limb strength in BC patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy. Patients with restrictions due to breast cancer‐related surgery and pretreated with chemotherapy might benefit the most.
Oral spray wintertime vitamin D3 supplementation has no impact on inflammation in Gaelic footballers
Authors: Todd J. J. , McSorley E. M. , Pourshahidi L. K. , Madigan S. M. , Crowe W. , Laird E. J. , Healy M. , McNeilly A. , Magee P. J. 
Published: October 2016

Vitamin D inadequacy [total 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L] is widespread in athletes. The biologically active metabolite, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D, may be involved in regulating inflammation although in vitro findings have not been consistently replicated in human intervention trials. This study, conducted at a latitude of 55°N, aimed to assess inflammatory biomarkers in Gaelic footballers before and after a wintertime vitamin D3 intervention. Samples from a 12‐week double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial, in which 42 Gaelic footballers received 3000 IU (75 μg) vitamin D3 daily or placebo via oral spray solutions, were analysed for a range of inflammatory biomarkers. Cytokines (interleukin‐8 and tumor necrosis factor‐α), cathelicidin and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein were quantified by multiplex assay, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and clinical biochemistry, respectively. White blood cell, lymphocyte, and neutrophil concentrations were determined by full blood profile. Data on total 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, measured by LC‐MS/MS, were available from the previous study. Vitamin D3 supplementation significantly increased mean total 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations from 47 to 84 nmol/L (P = 0.006); yet this had no effect on white blood cell count (P = 0.699), lymphocyte (P = 0.694), neutrophil (P = 0.594), interleukin‐8 (P = 0.334), tumor necrosis factor‐α (P = 0.587), cathelicidin (P = 0.745) or high sensitivity C‐reactive protein concentration (P = 0.621) compared to placebo. 12‐weeks vitamin D3 supplementation did not impact the immune profile of Gaelic footballers. This is likely because biomarkers were within their respective normal range or at a concentration similar to that of the general population at baseline. Future studies are encouraged to use inflammation as their primary outcome measure and recruit athletes at risk of compromised immunity.
Varieties of Entrepreneurial Capitalism: The Culture of Entrepreneurship and Structural Inequalities of Work and Business Creation
Authors: Doody Sean , Chen Victor Tan , Goldstein Jesse 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAs the labor market has changed over recent decades, a distinctive culture has evolved in tandem, epitomized by the innovation and dynamism of Silicon Valley. This culture of entrepreneurship celebrates autonomy and risk‐taking, legitimizes a shift toward flexible, contingent, and precarious work, and compels workers to continuously network, self‐improve, and self‐promote. This culture has helped to disseminate entrepreneurial practices to sectors of the economy traditionally characterized by stability and job security. We shed light on these changes by putting forward a new typology distinguishing between four ideal types of entrepreneurial activity: Silicon Valley entrepreneurship, Main Street entrepreneurship, corporate entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial self‐employment. Each adopts the language and normative behaviors of the culture of entrepreneurship, but the ‘entrepreneurs’ working within these domains enjoy starkly different levels of creative and financial autonomy. Integrating scholarship on economic sociology, work and labor, cultural sociology, and critical theory, we explore the underlying dynamics of entrepreneurship that cut across institutional contexts in unexpected and sometimes contradictory ways. The conceptual understanding of entrepreneurship we put forward recognizes both entrepreneurship's relationship to past forms of business creation and its contemporary cultural influence, while also underscoring the various constraints and inequalities intrinsic to these forms of market activity.
Racist humor: then and now
Authors: Pérez Raúl 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhile recent scholarship has examined the capacity of race‐based humor to “upend” racial inequalities, or has focused on comedic “heroes” who use humor “subversively” to challenge racism, less attention has been paid to the evolution of racist humor and its continued role in supporting dominant racial ideologies. This article reviews key works on the historical and current functions of racist humor in the United States, in order to situate racist humor as a social practice that has contributed to the development, maintenance, and contestation of an ideology of white supremacy. First, I review the historical role of racist humor in supporting pro‐slavery ideology, in order to see that racist humor played a critical role in racial formation and domination. I focus on literature that examines the way racial ridicule operated in the pre‐civil rights era (e.g., blackface) and the way such race‐based comedy was used as a cultural form of racialization that supported the development of an ideology of white supremacy throughout this period. Then, I point to how the widespread use of racist humor of the pre‐civil rights era was challenged by the civil rights movement, and how this changed the ways in which racist humor was perceived/operated, in public and private, in the post‐civil rights era. Finally, I conclude by suggesting some areas where an examination of racist humor is in need of critical attention and analysis in the current era of “color‐blindness.”
Citation Classics in Social Policy Journals
Authors: Powell Martin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article is the first to explore the concept of ‘Citation classics’ in social policy by examining the articles published in five leading social policy journals that have 50 or more Web of Science (WoS) citations. It introduces the concept of citation analysis; discusses ‘citation classics’ in terms of definitions, measures, journals and databases; examines the literature on other social sciences, and particularly social work; and then focuses on the empirical material of citation classics in social policy journals. It finds 79 articles with 50 or more citations. Over half of the articles were written by authors based in the UK at the time of publication, with most of the others from the rest of Europe. About two‐thirds were classified as ‘conceptual’, and about a quarter were quantitative. Surprisingly few were qualitative or reviews. Roughly one‐third of articles were mainly focused on a particular service area, with the leading areas being employment, health, social care/community care or long‐term care. For the setting or focus of the study, nearly two‐thirds were comparative, while about a quarter were based on the UK. The leading topic was welfare regimes (14 articles). The limitations to this analysis include focusing on five social policy journals, and ignoring other outputs such as books; and the problem of determining what influence these articles have on the field of social policy. However, exploring the neglected area of citation classics in social policy provides one way of determining intellectual significance within the discipline.
The ‘Social Investment Perspective’ in Social Policy: A Longue Durée Perspective
Authors: Smyth Paul , Deeming Christopher 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe ‘social investment perspective’ (OECD, : 14) arguably represents the very latest justification for social policy to guide the development of the economy and society in the 21st century. As yet, its history remains largely unexplored. This article aims to place it in a wider framework by exploring theoretical considerations over a longer timescale, drawing on early observations of founding social theorists on social investment including R. H. Tawney, some of the thinking of T. H. Marshall as well as the radical political economies of welfare in the 1970s and 1980s. The article links emerging ideas about ‘social investment’ to earlier ‘productivist’ traditions within social policy which informed the development of Western industrial welfare states; and shows how the productivist focus had been lost by the 1980s and 1990s with a consequent narrowing of focus to the redistributive role of the tax and transfer system. A longue durée perspective brings into sharp focus the ‘rediscovery’ of the potential of ‘social investment’ social policy in the closing years of the 20th century, as welfare states began to adapt to the new social and economic conditions of the post‐industrial era. Our aim is not to present a systematic history of social policy and economic thought. It is rather exploratory, seeking to show from some of the key thinkers and movements in the British tradition important contextual elements for understanding ‘social investment’ that appear to have been lost in social policy debates over recent decades.
The Divisive Welfare State
Authors: Taylor‐Gooby Peter 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn important tradition in social policy writing sees the welfare state as an agent of social cohesion against the divisive conflicts of market capitalism. Social policy in the UK is now developing in a way that directly conflicts with this approach. This may signal the future direction of change in other countries, as crisis and slow growth limit available resources, and governments become increasingly committed to a neo‐liberal and consolidation agenda. The 2010 Conservative‐led coalition and 2015 Conservative governments in the UK use social policy to exacerbate and embed social divisions as part of a project to achieve permanent cuts in welfare state spending without damaging their own electoral chances. This article reviews the divisive welfare state policies in relation to taxation, benefits for working age people and for immigrants and between pensioners and non‐pensioners because these groups cover much of welfare state activity and are currently salient in a way that gives the project political purchase. It goes on to argue that the divisions mask a further neo‐liberal long‐term project, facilitated by Brexit, of reducing the proportion of national resources going to all recipients of social spending. In this sense, we are all in it together.
Ideas and Institutions in Social Policy Research
Authors: Béland Daniel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis special issue commemorates the 50th anniversary of Social Policy & Administration. Much has been written over the last two decades about the role of ideas in social policy, especially as they relate to institutions. For instance, a decade ago in this journal, I published a now widely cited article titled‘Ideas and social policy: An institutionalist perspective’. The present contribution returns to some of the issues raised in that 2005 article, while assessing the recent ideational scholarship, with the goal of formulating a new research agenda for scholars in the field. Special attention is paid to the need for clear analytical distinctions and rigorous empirical analysis to study the explanatory role of ideas in social policy change, as they may interact with institutions. This article concludes with a discussion about the meaning of institutionalism in ideational analysis and how to concretely explore the interaction between ideas and institutions in the study of social policy stability and change.