bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Daphenylline
Authors: Yamada Ryosuke , Adachi Yohei , Yokoshima Satoshi , Fukuyama Tohru 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTotal synthesis of (−)‐daphenylline, a hexacyclic Daphniphyllum alkaloid, was achieved. Construction of the tricyclic DEF ring system was initiated by asymmetric Negishi coupling followed by an intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction. Installation of a side chain onto the tricyclic core was carried out through Sonogashira coupling, stereocontrolled Claisen rearrangement by taking advantage of the characteristic conformation of the tricyclic DEF core, and the stereoselective alkylation of a lactone. After the introduction of a glycine unit, the ABC ring system was stereoselectively constructed through intramolecular cycloaddition of the cyclic azomethine ylide.
Designed Assembly of Heterometallic Cluster Organic Frameworks Based on Anderson‐Type Polyoxometalate Clusters
Authors: Li Xin‐Xiong , Wang Yang‐Xin , Wang Rui‐Hu , Cui Cai‐Yan , Tian Chong‐Bin , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA new approach to prepare heterometallic cluster organic frameworks has been developed. The method was employed to link Anderson‐type polyoxometalate (POM) clusters and transition‐metal clusters by using a designed rigid tris(alkoxo) ligand containing a pyridyl group to form a three‐fold interpenetrated anionic diamondoid structure and a 2D anionic layer, respectively. This technique facilitates the integration of the unique inherent properties of Anderson‐type POM clusters and cuprous iodide clusters into one cluster organic framework.
Identification of the Key Enzyme of Roseoflavin Biosynthesis
Authors: Schwarz Julia , Konjik Valentino , Jankowitsch Frank , Sandhoff Roger , Mack Matthias 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe bacteria Streptomyces davawensis and Streptomyces cinnabarinus produce roseoflavin, the only known natural riboflavin (vitamin B2) analogue with antibiotic activity. Roseoflavin can be considered a natural antimetabolite and has been postulated to be biosynthesized from riboflavin via the key intermediate 8‐demethyl‐8‐aminoriboflavin (AF). The required site‐specific substitution of one of the methyl groups on the dimethylbenzene ring of riboflavin by an amino group (to give AF) is challenging. The pathway from riboflavin to AF has remained elusive, and the corresponding enzyme/s was/were unknown. Herein, we show by systematic gene deletion, heterologous gene expression, and biochemical studies that the enzyme specified by the gene BN159_7989 from S. davawensis is able to carry out a whole set of chemical reactions starting from riboflavin‐5′‐phosphate to give the final product 8‐demethyl‐8‐aminoriboflavin‐5′‐phosphate (AFP).
Preparation, optimization, and characterization of simvastatin nanoparticles by electrospraying: An artificial neural networks study
Authors: Imanparast Fatemeh , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali , Paknejad Maliheh , Kobarfard Farzad , Amani Amir , Doosti Mohmood 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine major factors impacting the size of simvastatin (SIM)‐loaded poly(d, l‐lactic‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) that was prepared using electrospraying. Three variables including concentration of polymer and salt as well as solvent flow rate were used as input variables. Size of NPs was considered as output variable. For the first time, our findings using a systematic and experimental approach, showed the importance of salt concentration as the dominant factor determining the size with a sharp and reverse effect. Optimum formulation (i.e., flow rate 0.08 mL h−1, polymer concentration 0.7 w/v %, and salt concentration 0.8 mM) was then evaluated for aqueous solubility, encapsulation efficiency, particle size, in vitro drug release pattern and cytotoxicity. A very appreciable encapsulation efficiency (90.3%) as well as sustained release profile, considerable enhancement in aqueous solubility (∼5.8 fold) and high IC50 (>600 µM of SIM‐loaded PLGA NPs) indicated PLGA as a promising nanocarrier for SIM. The optimum formulation had particle size, zeta potential value, polydispersity index (PDI) and drug loading of 166 nm, +3 mV, 0.62 and 9%, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43602.
Fabrication and characterization of novel zirconia filled glass fiber reinforced polyester hybrid composites
Authors: Munawar Muhammad Azeem , Khan Shahzad Maqsood , Gull Nafisa , Shafiq Muhammad , Islam Atif , Zia Saba , Sabir Aneela , Ghouri Awais Sattar , Butt Muhammad Taqi Zahid , Jamil Tahir 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTNovel hybrid glass fiber reinforced polyester composites (GFRPCs) filled with 1‐5 wt % microsized zirconia (ZrO2) particles, were fabricated by hand lay‐up process followed by compression molding and evaluated their physical, mechanical and thermal behaviors. The consumption of styrene in cured GFRPCs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The potential implementation of ZrO2 particles lessened the void contents marginally and substantially enhanced the mechanical and thermal properties in the resultant hybrid composites. The GFRPCs filled with 4 wt % ZrO2 illustrated noteworthy improvement in tensile strength (66.672 MPa) and flexural strength (67.890 MPa) while with 5 wt % ZrO2 showed 63.93% rise in hardness, respectively, as compared to unfilled GFRPCs. Physical nature of polyester matrix for composites and an improved glass transition temperature (Tg) from 103 to 112 °C was perceived by differential scanning calorimetry thermograms. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the thermal stability of GFRPCs was remarkably augmented with the addition of ZrO2. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43615.
Biorenewable blends of polyamide‐4,10 and polyamide‐6,10
Authors: Moran Christopher S. , Barthelon Agathe , Pearsall Andrew , Mittal Vikas , Dorgan John R. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBiobased polymers hold the promise of greatly improved sustainability metrics. In this study, semicrystalline polymer blends are formulated between two partially biorenewable polyamides. Polyamide 4,10 (PA410) is melt mixed with polyamide‐6,10 (PA610). Physical properties of the blends are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), impact testing, and tensile testing. Morphological features are studied using small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and wide angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS). The previously unreported equilibrium enthalpy of fusion for PA410 is found to be 269 J/g. Melting point depression from DSC is used to establish miscibility and calculate the polymer–polymer interaction parameter which is approximately independent of composition and equal to −0.25 kJ/mol. Crystallization induced phase separation is observed wherein crystallization drives phase separation. SAXS exhibits an increase in lamellar long spacing with increasing PA610 content. WAXS confirms the presence of only PA410 and PA610 crystals. The mechanical properties of the blends are shown to deviate from a simple law of mixtures. This miscible biorenewable polymer blend, exhibiting crystallization induced phase separation, and characterized by superior properties is of both scientific and potential commercial interest. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43626.
Fabrication of bimodal porous PLGA scaffolds by supercritical CO2 foaming/particle leaching technique
Authors: Xin Xin , Liu Qian‐Qian , Chen Chuan‐Xin , Guan Yi‐Xin , Yao Shan‐Jing 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTSpecific pore structure is a vital essential for scaffolds applied in tissue engineering. In this article, poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolds with a bimodal pore structure including macropores and micropores to facilitate nutrient transfer and cell adhesion were fabricated by combining supercritical CO2 (scCO2) foaming with particle leaching technique. Three kinds of NaCl particles with different scales (i.e., 100–250, <75, <10 μm) were used as porogens, respectively. In particular, heterogeneous nucleation occurred to modify scCO2 foaming/particle leaching process when NaCl submicron particles (<10 μm) were used as porogens. The observation of PLGA scaffolds gave a formation of micropores (pore size <10 μm) in the cellular walls of macropores (pore size around 100–300 μm) to present a bimodal pore structure. With different mass fractions of NaCl introduced, the porosity of PLGA scaffolds ranged from 68.4 ± 1.4 to 88.7 ± 0.4% for three NaCl porogens. The results of SEM, EDS, and in vitro cytotoxicity test of PLGA scaffolds showed that they had uniform structures and were compatible for cell proliferation with no toxicity. This novel scCO2 foaming/particle leaching method was promising in tissue engineering due to its ability to fabricate scaffolds with precise pore structure and high porosity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43644.
Enhanced adsorption and recovery of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by alkali‐treated persimmon fallen leaves
Authors: Fan Ruiyi , Yi Qingping , Xie Yucong , Xie Feng , Zhang Qinglin , Luo Zhengrong 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPersimmon fallen leaves were employed to prepare a renewable and low‐cost biosorbent named as NPFL. Effects of initial pH, contact time, initial Pb(II) concentration, coexisting metal ions, and ionic strength on adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by NPFL were studied in detail. Enhanced removal capacity of NPFL toward Pb(II) was observed, and the maximum adsorption capacity was evaluated as 256 mg g−1 by Langmuir modeling calculation. The fast adsorption process and the well‐fitted kinetics data with pseudo‐second‐order model indicated that chemisorption is the main rate‐limiting step for the adsorption process. NPFL had superior adsorption selectivity for Pb(II) from aqueous solution with coexisting metal ions. Characterization of NPFL and adsorption mechanism (electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and chelation) were performed using XRD, SEM‐EDS, FT‐IR, XPS, and TGA. The results suggested that NPFL could be utilized as a potential candidate for the preconcentration of Pb(II) recovery and its removal in practice. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43656.
The effects of residual polymerization solvent on the physical properties of poly(2‐cyano‐p‐phenylene terephthalamide)
Authors: Jung Dae Eon , Kim Dong Jun , Eom Youngho , Lee Jaeyoung , Kim Byoung Chul 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPoly(2‐cyano‐p‐phenylene terephthalamide) (CY‐PPTA) was obtained by the polycondensation of terephthaloyl dichloride and 2‐cyano‐p‐phenylene diamine in the mixture of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) and calcium chloride (CaCl2). Washing the polymerized product with water and drying at the elevated temperature inevitably left a small amount of polymerization residues which could be eliminated only by additional washing with acetone. The thermogravimetric and 1H‐/13C‐NMR analyses revealed that the residues were largely composed of NMP which existed as a complex with the polymer. The complex was broken up between 200 and 300 °C and evolved 5 wt % of gaseous products, which had an adverse effect on the physical properties of as‐spun CY‐PPTA fibers obtained by dry jet‐wet spinning. The heat treatment of the as‐spun fibers including residual NMP exhibited some porous morphology on the fiber surface due to the evolved gases. However, the existence of the residual NMP had little effect on the intrinsic viscosity and liquid crystalline phase behavior of the polymer. Both rheological and optical properties exhibited the critical concentration at 3 wt % with the clear schlieren texture of nematic liquid crystalline phase. The inclusion of residual NMP decreased dynamic viscosity and yield stress. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43672.
Immobilization of bacteriocin nisin into a poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer matrix crosslinked with nontoxic dicarboxylic acid
Authors: Hrabalikova Martina , Holcapkova Pavlina , Suly Pavol , Sedlarik Vladimir 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis work is focused on novel methodology of poly(vinyl alcohol) crosslinking by non‐toxic dicarboxylic acid, glutaric acid. The cross‐linked system was used as a matrix for immobilization of bacteriocin nisin. Effect of the crosslinking degree on physico‐chemical, morphology, mechanical, and thermal properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) films were investigated by using swelling test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, stress–strain analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry. Release profile of the nisin from the cross‐linked poly(vinyl alcohol) was studied by high performance liquid chromatography. Antibacterial activity of the prepared systems was tested by agar diffusion test and dilution and spread plate technique. Results showed suitability of glutaric acid as effective crosslinking agent of poly(vinyl alcohol) that acts synergistically with bacteriocin nisin against the tested Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43674.
The influence of electron beam irradiation, plastic deformation, and re‐irradiation on crystallinity degree, mechanical and sclerometric properties of GUR 1050 used for arthroplasty
Authors: Barylski Adrian , Maszybrocka Joanna , Kupka Marian , Aniołek Krzysztof , Mieszczak Łukasz 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe article describes the influence of an electron beam irradiation (I), plastic deformation (D), and re‐irradiation (R) on the properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (GUR 1050). It was found that the modification through irradiation entailed a gradual increase in the degree of crystallinity (after irradiation–I). After plastic deformation and re‐irradiation (IDR) the degree of crystallinity decreases which had a direct influence on the mechanical properties. The polymer irradiation only (technique I) resulted in an increase in the maximum stress as compared with the material in the initial state. The application of deformation and re‐irradiation (technique IDR) allowed increasing the deformation resistance by more than 40%. Moreover, the irradiation with an electron beam resulted in the increase in hardness (H) and Young's modulus (E) proportionally to the applied irradiation dose and in the reduction of total indentation work (Wtot) and its components. After deformation and re‐irradiation the polyethylene hardness went down. The application of technique (I) caused an improvement to the material abrasion resistance (reduction of parameter PD–working scratch depth) with the increasing irradiation dose. The introduction of deformation and re‐irradiation did not have a material impact on parameter (PD) increasing at the same time elastic properties of UHMWPE (increase in parameter NPS–elastic recovery). Modification IDR has changed the wear mechanism (β) toward ploughing and has increased the abrasion‐resistance index (Wβ) and also significantly reduced the coefficient of friction (μ) of GUR 1050. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43683.
Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase Type 2: A Description of Phenotype and Genotype in Fifteen Cases
Authors: Nanthapisal Sira , Murphy Claire , Omoyinmi Ebun , Hong Ying , Standing Ariane , Berg Stefan , Ekelund Maria , Jolles Stephen , Harper Lorraine , Youngstein Taryn , Gilmour Kimberly , Klein Nigel J. , Eleftheriou Despina , Brogan Paul A. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical features, genotype, and treatment in a series of subjects with confirmed adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) deficiency.MethodsAll symptomatic subjects were referred for genetic testing for suspected ADA2 deficiency; relatives of index cases were also screened. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics and treatments were recorded. Genetic analyses included whole‐exome sequencing in 4 subjects and Sanger sequencing of CECR1 (the gene for cat eye syndrome chromosome region candidate 1) in all subjects. Assays for ADA2 enzyme activity and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of CECR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) were also performed.ResultsWe identified 15 subjects with ADA2 deficiency, 5 of whom were asymptomatic (relatives of index cases; ages 5–42 years). Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in CECR1 were identified in all subjects. Phenotypic manifestations in the patients with symptomatic ADA2 deficiency included livedo racemosa (73.3%), neurologic involvement (53.3%), and immunodeficiency (46.7%). CECR1 mRNA expression in 8 subjects, including 5 who were presymptomatic, was significantly lower than in healthy controls (P = 0.0016). Subjects with ADA2 deficiency (with or without symptoms) also had lower ADA2 enzyme activity compared to healthy pediatric controls (P < 0.0001) and patients with sporadic (nonfamilial) childhood polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) without CECR1 mutation (P = 0.0108). Anti−tumor necrosis factor therapy was required in 9 of the 10 symptomatic subjects.ConclusionThe clinical manifestations of ADA2 deficiency ranged in severity from limited cutaneous involvement to severe multisystemic vasculitis; one‐third of our cases (5 of 15) were currently asymptomatic, and required close monitoring. We recommend CECR1 screening for unaffected siblings of index cases, cases of familial vasculitis, and cases of PAN that is resistant to standard treatment.
Enhancement of Open Circuit Voltage of a ZnO‐Based Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell by Means of Piezotronic Effect
Authors: Bettini Simona , Pagano Rosanna , Valli Ludovico , Giancane Gabriele 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTwo of the most known properties of ZnO were used to improve the performance of a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using a nanoadduct formed by zinc oxide and the well‐known ruthenium dye N719. The wurtzite form of zinc oxide suffers from piezoelectricity and its energetic levels are very similar to those of the most used inorganic semiconductor employed in DSSCs, that is, TiO2. We demonstrate that the synthesis of a ZnO@N719 nanoadduct does not affect the electronic communication between the inorganic semiconductor and the organic dye. The I–V characteristics in the dark and under illumination highlight a photoactivity of the ZnO@N719 active layer with values of Jsc, Voc and fill factor comparable to the data reported in the literature. When a mechanical strain is applied to the ZnO@N719 film, a piezopotential is recorded and it depends on the intensity of the applied pressure. According to the piezotronic effect, mechanical strain contributes to increase the open circuit voltage by about 14 %.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Oxidative C−H/N−H Isocyanide Insertion: An Efficient Synthesis of Iminoisoindolinone Derivatives
Authors: Hao Wenyan , Tian Jun , Li Wu , Shi Renyi , Huang Zhiliang , Lei Aiwen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed isocyanide insertion has served as a fundamental and important chemical transformation. Classical isocyanide insertion usually occurs between organohalides and nucleophiles, which normally involves tedious and non‐atom‐economical prefunctionalization processes. However, oxidative C−H/N−H isocyanide insertion offers an efficient and green alternative. Herein, a nickel‐catayzed oxidative C−H/N−H isocyanide insertion of aminoquinoline benzamides has been developed. Different kinds of iminoisoindolinone derivatives could be synthesized in good yields by utilizing Ni(acac)2 as the catalyst. In this transformation, isocyanide serves as an efficient C1 connector, which further inserted into two simple nucleophiles (C−H/N−H), representing an effective way to construct heterocycles.
Protein–Nanoparticle Interaction‐Induced Changes in Protein Structure and Aggregation
Authors: Kim Yuna , Ko Sung Min , Nam Jwa‐Min 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLarge surface area, small size, strong optical properties, controllable structural features, variety of bioconjugation chemistries, and biocompatibility make many different types of nanoparticles (NPs), such as gold NPs, useful for many biological applications, such as biosensing, cellular imaging, disease diagnostics, drug delivery, and therapeutics. Recently, interactions between proteins and NPs have been extensively studied to understand, control, and utilize the interactions involved in biomedical applications of NPs and several biological processes, such as protein aggregation, for many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. These studies also offer fundamental knowledge on changes in protein structure, protein aggregation mechanisms, and ways to unravel the roles and fates of NPs within the human body. This review focuses on recent studies on the roles and uses of NPs in protein structural changes and aggregation processes.
Pre‐Incubation of Auric Acid with DNA Is Unnecessary for the Formation of DNA‐Templated Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Chen Yang , Tao Guangyu , Lin Ruoyun , Pei Xiaojing , Liu Feng , Li Na 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe rationale for the preparation of DNA‐templated gold nanoclusters (DNA‐Au NCs) has not been well understood, thereby slowing down the advancement of the synthesis and applications of DNA‐Au NCs. The interaction between metal ions and the DNA template seems to be the key factor for the successful preparation of DNA‐templated metal nanoclusters. With the help of circular dichroism in this contribution, we put efforts into interrogating the necessity of pre‐incubation of HAuCl4 with poly‐adenine template in the formation of Au NCs by citrate reduction. Our results revealed that the pre‐incubation of HAuCl4 with poly‐adenine is not favorable for the formation of Au NCs, which is distinctly different from the formation process for silver nanoclusters. It is our hope that this study can provide guidance in the preparation of Au NCs with more DNA templates.
Cascade Synthesis of Five‐Membered Lactones using Biomass‐Derived Sugars as Carbon Nucleophiles
Authors: Yamaguchi Sho , Matsuo Takeaki , Motokura Ken , Miyaji Akimitsu , Baba Toshihide 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe report the cascade synthesis of five‐membered lactones from a biomass‐derived triose sugar, 1,3‐dihydroxyacetone, and various aldehydes. This achievement provides a new synthetic strategy to generate a wide range of valuable compounds from a single biomass‐derived sugar. Among several examined Lewis acid catalysts, homogeneous tin chloride catalysts exhibited the best performance to form carbon–carbon bonds. The scope and limitations of the synthesis of five‐membered lactones using aldehyde compounds are investigated. The cascade reaction led to high product selectivity as well as diastereoselectivity, and the mechanism leading to the diastereoselectivity was discussed based on isomerization experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The present results are expected to support new approaches for the efficient utilization of biomass‐derived sugars.
Dynamic Output‐Feedback Control for T‐S Fuzzy Systems with Input Time‐Varying Delay
Authors: Zhang Ziye , Lin Chong , Chen Bing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of the
control for T‐S fuzzy systems with input time‐varying delay via dynamic output feedback. Firstly, by applying the reciprocally convex approach, new delay‐dependent sufficient condition for
performance analysis is obtained. Then, a less conservative condition for the existence of the
controllers is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Moreover, in the considered system, the time‐delay term is included in the measured output. This results in the difficulty in designing the controllers being increased and the obtained results being applied to a wider class of fuzzy systems than the most existing ones. The main contribution of this work lies in the application of the reciprocally convex inequality and the time‐delay term included in the measured output. Finally, the advantages and effectiveness of the present results are shown by several numerical examples.