bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-fire mechanical properties of concrete made with recycled tire rubber as fine aggregate replacement.
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad , Faraj Wrya , Abdul-Kadir Prof. Dr. Mohamed 
Published: October 2017

In this study, effects of high blazing temperature with varied time durations on mechanical behavior of normal concrete containing recycled tire rubber as a fine aggregate (RTRFA) have been presented. RTRFA is used as a partial replacement of natural fine aggregate to make rubberized concrete. Generally, concrete used in structural members must satisfy fire resistance requirements in building codes. Therefore, this paper aims at studying the performance of the rubberized concrete prior and after its exposure to fire in accordance with ISO 834 curve for firing. It has been stipulated that the presence of tire rubber particles is mostly for the consideration of environment safeguard. In this investigation, five different concrete mixes were prepared with Ordinary Portland Cement, natural fine and coarse aggregate, with ﬁne aggregate replacement ratios (0%, 6%, 12%, 18% and 24%) by weight. From these mixes, 60 cylindrical specimens (100mm diameter × 200mm high) and 60 cubic specimens (150mm×150mm×150mm) were prepared. These concrete specimens were divided into four groups, consisting of 15 cubes and 15 cylinders each. The first group (so called “control”) were tested without exposing it to fire and the remaining three groups were separately subjected to fire for three different time periods vis. (20, 40 and 60 minutes) in a furnace fabricated according to ASTM E119. Then the concrete specimens were tested to observe the post-fire mechanical properties including split tensile strength, compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The results of time-temperature curves, slump, fresh density, hardened density, percent-mass loss, compressive strength, split tensile strength of all the mixes are presented. The results showed that both the compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete mixes decreased with higher percentage replacement of ﬁne aggregate by RTRFA before and after exposure to fire. Moreover, longer time of fire duration or higher replacement ratios leads to further strength reduction of compressive and split tensile strengths. Additionally, it was found that the usage of ultrasonic pulse velocity for concrete samples containing more than 6% of RTRFA as a replacement of sand gives unreasonable measurements. Finally, statistical equations were derived to predict these properties of concrete with RTRFA replacements.
To the problem of using multimedia technologies in English language teaching.
Authors: Romaniuk Zhanetta 
Published: October 2017

This article deals with the application of a wide range of multimedia technologies in teaching and learning foreign languages. It reveals three main areas to be used for the expansion of cognitive abilities of students. First is the use of presentations. The main tool for making presentations is “Power Point” program. The second area is the application of multimedia capabilities of the Internet. Basically, the following resources are considered: "Album" (scrapbook), the "Treasure Hunt", the problem statement (subject sampler), a list of subject references (hotlist), forum. The third area represented in the article contains an analysis of blogs technology in teaching and learning the English language. This section describes different types of blogs, showing the blogs potential in the increase of computer literacy and proficiency in English. From the above analysis we can conclude that the multimedia technologies in education are used inefficiently. Using the computer should not be something artificial. It has to become an integral part of the educational process. The use of computer technologies in education is expanding horizons, enables to learn the discipline better, promotes students' interest in learning, generates creativity, spatial and logical thinking, imagination, observation and certain scientific skills.
Lessons Learned from Surfactant-Polymer Flooding Field Tests in China
Authors: Guo Hu , Wang Zhengbo 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
10 typical Surfactant-Polymer (SP) flooding field tests in China were reviewed to help understand the benefit and challenge of SP flooding in low oil price era. Among these 10 field tests, only 2 were very successful, the others were not as good as expected, while some are technically and economically unsuccessful. Although ASP flooding can make incremental oil recovery of 30% in large scale field tests in Daqing, the complex anti-scaling and emulsion breaking technology and thus high cost makes it less attractive. No alkali SP flooding was believed a developing trend of chemical flooding with a predicted incremental oil recovery more than 12%. In this paper, 10 large scale SP flooding field tests including one in offshore in China were critically compared and reviewed. Surfactants and its screening techniques were introduced. The problems of high injection pressure and difference to predicted incremental oil recovery were discussed. Although laboratory tests showed that SP flooding could make additional recovery of more than 15%, and the predicted incremental oil recovery was between 12% to 15.5%, only one SP flooding in Shengli made high incremental oil recovery of 16.8% upon water recovery of 36.3%. This field test was so successful that many enlarged field tests and industrial applications were carried out. However, none of them was in agreement with numerical simulation. The actual incremental recovery was in 1.3%-6.7%. Incremental oil recovery in post– polymer flooding reservoir in Daqing was 2.4%, less than the expected value 6.3%. Recently 3 of 5 field tests in Xinjiang, Jilin and Changqing was far from success. Three reasons may account for this. First, the surfactants adsorption in formation makes the ultra-low IFT duration not as long or far as expected, as verified from both laboratory and field test. Second, the injected polymer concentration and molecular weight was too high for the reviewed reservoir formation. SP field tests results in high permeability Liaohe reservoir was much better than the other 4 field tests in CNPC. Third, resent screen method and numerical simulation technique needs to be improved since most field tests results were in disagreement with them. It is high time to reevaluate the potential of SP flooding. It is high time to study how far the ultra-low IFT chemical system can flow in reservoirs. Low adsorption surfactants were the key to success for SP flooding. The alkali effect in ASP flooding should have been more emphasized and investigated.
Scale Removal in Tubulars using Jetting Technique: A Novel Laboratory Approach
Authors: Shakeel Muzzammil , Hajj Hicham El , Al-Abdullatif Abeer 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Scale deposition in oil and gas wells has been challenging for many years. Scaling severely decreases flow capacity and hydrocarbon production as a result of reduction in the tubular diameter. Various techniques have been developed and implemented in the field, including mechanical (drilling, milling, and jetting) and chemical solutions, to remove different types of scale. This paper presents a novel laboratory approach to determine an effective mechanical scale-removal material used in jetting tools. This approach thoroughly screens possible scale-removal materials and enabled the identification of a new material that is acid-soluble in nature, water-insoluble, and possesses little/mild strength. These properties ensure the effective removal of various types of scale without damaging the tubulars.
A novel laboratory approach was devised to meet the necessary criteria for an effective scale-removal material, which included sphericity and roundness analysis, single-grain crush test, photomicrographs, abrasion test, water solubility, and acid solubility tests. Following the new approach, several potential products were analyzed to determine the best material for scale removal using a jetting tool. The evaluation was performed, focusing on scale removal requirements and cleanout while ensuring tubular protection.
The approach in this study was designed while considering the actual well scenario and various types of scale. The variety of materials used had different responses in the laboratory evaluation; the material that best fulfilled the criteria was recommended for scale removal using a jetting tool. The material identified using the new approach effectively removes scale deposits without damaging the tubular. In addition to its non-damaging characteristic with respect to the tubular, the new material is also easily removable after the scale removal treatment.
This study proposes a novel laboratory approach and describes the use of this approach to identify new mechanical scale-removal product. The approach was developed for the laboratory evaluation of scale-removal materials blasted through a jetting tool; its use resulted in a cost-effective mechanical scale-removal solution that uses a jetting technique and that is more efficient than the conventional materials currently used.
Effective Fracturing of High-Stress Reservoirs Using Nonstandard Proppant and Novel Technology
Authors: Rahim Zillur , Al-Kanaan Adnan A. , Kayumov Rifat , Al-Jalal Ziad 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
To economically produce gas from tight reservoirs poses challenges resulting from high bottomhole temperature, low permeability, and high Young’s modulus and rock compressive strength. Hydraulic fracturing, which is necessary to exploit the tight reservoirs, faces constraints such as high fracture initiation and treating pressures, risk of premature screenout, and conductivity degradation. A conventional fracturing treatment in such challenging environment necessitates increased polymer concentration in fracturing fluids and using smaller-size proppant at low concentrations. This results in shorter effective fracture half-length and low fracture conductivity. Additionally, high polymer concentration is not easily cleaned up and may create further damage to the proppant pack. These challenges are compounded where the reservoir is relatively tight and often cannot supply enough energy to clean up the injected fracturing fluids.
To overcome these challenges, channel fracturing was introduced in which proppants are added in pulses to the fracturing fluids, creating stacks of pillar-like structures inside the fracture. These pillars hold the fracture open, and the voids surrounding them form stable channels along the entire geometry of the fracture thereby providing an open pathway with near-infinite conductivity. The technology reduces amount of proppant pumped compared to a conventional treatment, and most of the standard expensive high-strength proppant, required for fracturing in high-stress environment, can be substituted by intermediateand low-strength proppants or even natural sand. The hydrocarbons will flow through the open channels and not through the pack. Additionally, pulsation of proppant during pumping virtually eliminates the risk of a screenout.
Extensive laboratory tests have been conducted to verify the concept of using nonstandard proppant with channel fracturing in high-stress formations. The results of these tests were positive, and trial treatments have been pumped. To date, more than 50 channel fracturing treatments have been conducted in the clastic reservoirs. Some of them have been performed with nonstandard proppant as a part of the treatment. No screenouts were observed even in the formations that were tight with narrow pressure margin between the in-situ stress and completion integrity limitations. Production results after channel fracturing treatments are more consistent compared to conventional proppant fracturing and are not related to the type of propping material used.
Re-Discovery of a Lost Zone Through Successful Carbonate Rock Solids Cleanout in Open-Hole Section Using Coiled Tubing
Authors: Al-Ibrahim Abdullah , Al-Bader Haifa , Packirisamy S.. , Sagar Vidya , Manimaran A.. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives / Scope
The objective of this paper is to present an uncommon challenge of formation solids production from open-hole section while testing and completing deep HPHT carbonate formations and successful application of coiled tubing technique for effective wellbore cleanouts to rediscover the exploratory well.

Method, Procedures, Process
A discovery of oil and gas from a new field was lost because of well complications during well completion operation. Re-entry was made in the existing exploratory well to reactivate the discovered zone since the zone of interest could not be cased due to drilling complications and completed the well in 3-7/8" open-hole section for production purposes. Open-hole completions are difficult to manage due to the various stabilizing and destabilizing factors. While tubing check by slick line it has been found that the well was filled with sludge/solids up to the kick of point (15,830 ft). Deeper, deviated and open-hole well presents challenging task of carrying out interventions to unlock the reservoir potential. Cleaning of rock solids in the open-hole section in this deviated well is more challenging and critical which requires new methodology in order to achieve effective well bore cleaning.
Carbonate formation solids production is different from the common problem of sand production from the unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. As there is possibility of solid production from the open-hole section, a methodology for cleaning of solid fill in open-hole section using 1-1/5 inch coiled tubing with modified jetting tool was applied. While circulating 1.5 ppg brine to clean out fill, the well became active.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
The uncommon problem of formation solid production was managed well within the available resources. Mechanical restriction in a highly deviated and open-hole section was cleared successfully by using coiled tubing intervention to improve efficiency, reduce cost, reduce operating time and allow early production. The lost discovery was rediscovered by overcoming all challenges. During production phase it was observed that the solid plugging in production tubing is occurring frequently in this case study well. The solid production problem faced during testing was re-evaluated and the risks are properly addressed in future well test procedure.

Novel / Additive Information
This paper addresses the relevant testing, completion, solid cleaning and production issues and discusses the solutions arrived at. This paper also details the application of CT in open-hole well bore cleaning, post cleaning well performance, and lessons learned. The best practice applied in this discovery well will be useful for the future exploratory/delineation wells planned to be drilled in similar reservoir.
First Rigless ICD Acid Stimulation in Horizontal Carbonate Reservoir Arising from Unique High Precision Temperature and Spectral Noise Logging, North Kuwait
Authors: Saleem Eman , Al-Mosaileekh Safiya , Al-Nkhailan Badreyah , Anthony Elred , Al-Matrouk Yousef , Abdel-basset Mohamed , Prosvirkin Sergey , Karantharath R.. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In recent years, North Kuwait has implemented advanced drilling practices by sidetracking existing wells and drilling long horizontal sections through the reservoir, which are completed with smart completions. These often include up to 20 stages, each of which is isolated using swellable packers. Management of production from these long horizontal sections through these complex completions is highly cost-sensitive and maintaining an optimum production rate is key to the economic success of these type of wells, especially in the current low oil price environment.
In this case study the well was completed with 18 compartments with ICD's/sand screens and each isolated with swell packers(Fig-3). Production decline was dramatic and in three months since bringing the well on production, the gross production decreased by 50%. Quick diagnosis of the problem was crucial to understand the decline mechanism especially the production from each compartment along the horizontal section, determine what key operational steps could be taken to improve the production and then implement this as soon as possible.
Survey was conducted using memory logging tools, High Precision Temperature and Spectral Noise Logging (HPT-SNL), which is a unique data collection and reservoir analysis service, to evaluate the contributing segments along the horizontal lateral. These tools were conveyed on coiled tubing, and the well was kept producing during the 2-day logging programto prevent any production deferment. A detailed reservoir analysis was completed, with the conclusion that out of the 18 oil production intervals, a total of 5 were either poor contributors or not contributing to flow. Based on the results, a stimulation program was designed and implemented targeting these 5 non-productive ICD intervals. Following the stimulation program, the well was re-tested with significant increase in production. A sustained incremental oil production of 180 BOPD was achieved. Identifying the stimulation opportunity in thisunder-performing low rate horizontal well with smart completion and ESP assisted production and implementing the stimulation has been achived riglessly with the use of HPT/SNL tool. Critical to this identification process, was the installation of Y-tool to facilitate deployment of the Logging suite.
Additional benefits gained from this data acquisition were the ability to selectively target zones for stimulation, instead of treating the entire reservoir. Also, the entire operation was conducted with minimum well shut in time. The highlights of the whole operation wereminimum production deferment, major operational cost savings and ultimately return the well to an increased level of production.
An Innovative Methodology for Permeability Estimation in a Carbonate Sequence
Authors: Chen Chao , Ibrahim Hossam El-Din , Abdulkarim Anar , Aki Ahmet 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper discusses an innovative interpretation technique based on the integration of different logging-while-drilling tools to determine the secondary porosity and permeability indicator in horizontal wells drilled in a carbonate sequence.
The study was initiated because for many carbonates, traditional density-neutron porosity, even after calibration to the cores, is only marginally useful for predicting production performance. Consequently, new methods are required for better permeability predictions in such cases. One such method is introduced based on the analysis of vugs.
To determine these vugs, a methodology was introduced that grouped, analyzed, and interpreted available data in a new way. Secondary porosity was estimated and then integrated with average resistivity and conventional density-neutron porosity measurements, which enabled permeability estimates by calibrating them to any other source of permeability indicators; in this case, formation tester mobility measurements were used.
Based on this analysis, the horizontal section was partitioned into several permeability zones according to their petrophysical properties. As a result, several independent measurements were observed to correlate satisfactorily in this environment, which facilitated qualitative permeability predictions and the potential detection of the best production zones. The method was then applied on several additional wells to confirm the relationships and reduce uncertainty within the reservoir sector where data is available.
This paper is based on a previously published work using logging-while-drilling measurements recorded in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs for predicting permeability estimates. It incorporates multiple well analyses using the same technique, as well as a discussion on the viability, integrity, and reliability of logged data and interpreted results. Additional investigation is desirable to better understand the applicability of this method with the integration of other offset data and existing field knowledge.
Improved Determination of Hydrocarbon Saturation in an Unconsolidated Heavy Oil Sand Undergoing Cyclic Steam Stimulation with an Advanced Slim Pulsed Neutron Logging Technology: A Case Study from Kuwait
Authors: Sassi Khaled , Okeke Peter , Saldungaray Pablo , Mirhasanov Ramil , Al-Naqi Ahmad , Pal Arindam , Grover Rahul 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper presents a field application of an advanced slim Pulsed Neutron Logging tool (PNL) for improved determination of hydrocarbon saturation as a key basis to evaluate the reliability of an ongoing enhanced oil recovery (EOR) cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) process in an unconsolidated heavy oil sand in Kuwait. The new PNL tool was used to evaluate changes in oil saturation and to track steam movement as part of the ongoing EOR CSS project in the field. This improved determination of hydrocarbon saturation is performed as a baseline prior to CSS and then used for future time-lapse evaluation of effectiveness of recovery during and after CSS using both PNL sigma and inelastic/capture or carbon/oxygen measurements. Its features enhanced capture and inelastic spectroscopy performance, particularly at high temperatures in places where CSS is ongoing due to its 175°C rating compared to 150°C from legacy tools.
Gas, Sigma and Hydrogen Index (GSH), Thermal Decay Porosity (TPHI), lithology, Inelastic Capture (IC) mode was ran at 200 feet per hour (fph); twice the speed legacy PNL tool. Its 3 passes provided better performance than the 5 passes of legacy tool deployed under the same conditions, illustrating its better measurement accuracy. Inelastic spectroscopy logs from near, far detectors provided data for fluid analysis, which demonstrated the benefits from its elevated specifications. Its spectral yields’ results showed better accuracy and improved repeatability between different passes under the same well conditions in spite of logging at twice the speed. Compared to legacy tool, the new PNL technology provided enhanced detectors, new pulsed neutron generator (PNG) and pulsing scheme designed to optimize the gas/steam, sigma and neutron porosity measurements in terms of accuracy. Its faster logging and less exposure time makes it a better fit. Its PNG source and detectors minimize the spectrum degradation caused by high temperatures, hence better signals.
The hydrocarbon saturation from its Carbon/Oxygen ratio and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) derived methods demonstrated consistency and cross validation over the logged interval. The advanced PNL tool fits better compared to the legacy PNL with improved repeatability and excellent precision. It now provides the basis for a reliable determination of hydrocarbon saturation, which will improve the evaluation of EOR CSS ongoing project.