bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existe-t-il une inadéquation entre l'offre de savoir et les entreprises dans l’agglomération de Bruxelles ? La diffusion des connaissances dans les PME innovantes dans les services aux entreprises intensifs en connaissance (SEIC)
Authors: Teirlinck Peter 
Published: February 2017

Cet article fournit un aperçu de la diffusion des connaissances dans les entreprises de l’agglomération Bruxelles, à travers l’examen des différentes sources d’informations qu’elles utilisent à des fins d’innovation, des collaborations mises en place en la matière et du degré d’ouverture de leur stratégie d’innovation. L’étude se concentre sur les PME innovantes actives dans le domaine des services aux entreprises intensifs en connaissance (SEIC) à Bruxelles, au regard de celles des autres grandes agglomérations de Belgique. D’après les données issues de l’Enquête communautaire sur l’innovation (volets 2008-2010 et 2010-2012), il s’avère qu’à Bruxelles, les universités et organismes de recherche publics (ORP) jouent un rôle assez limité dans l’approvisionnement de ces entreprises en idées favorisant l’innovation, la sphère scientifique étant en outre significativement moins sollicitée à des fins de collaboration avec l’industrie.Ces constatations, qui contrastent avec la stratégie plus ouverte de développement des innovations adoptée par les PME du secteur des SEIC de l’agglomération de Bruxelles ainsi qu’avec l’abondance de connaissances propres aux universités et ORP, amènent à s’interroger sur l’existence d’une inadéquation entre l’industrie et le milieu scientifique.
β-thalassemia distribution in the old world: a historical standpoint of an ancient disease
Authors: De Sanctis Vincenzo 
Published: February 2017

Abstract Background: Haemoglobinopathies constitute the commonest recessive monogenic disorders worldwide, and the treatment of affected individuals presents a substantial global disease burden. β -thalassaemia is characterised by the reduced synthesis (β +) or absence (β o) of the β-globin chains in the HbA molecule, resulting in accumulation of excess unbound α-globin chains that precipitate in erythroid precursors in the bone marrow and in the mature erythrocytes, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis and peripheral haemolysis. Approximately 1.5% of the global population are heterozygotes (carriers) of the β-thalassemias: there is a high incidence in populations extending from the Mediterranean basin throughout the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Melanesia and into the Pacific IslandsAim: The principal aim of this paper is to review, from a historical standpoint, our knowledge about an ancient disease, the β-thalassemias, and in particular, when, how and in what way β-thalassemia spread worldwide to reach such high incidences in certain populations. Results: Mutations involving the ß-globin gene are the most common cause of genetic disorders in humans. To date, more than 350 β -thalassaemia mutations have been reported. Considering the current distribution of β- thalassemia, the wide diversity of mutations and the small number of individual population’s specific mutations, it seems unlikely that β-thalassemia originated in a single place and time. Conclusions: Various processes are known to determine the frequency of genetic disease in human populations. However, it is almost impossible to decide to what extent each process is responsible for the presence of a particular genetic disease. The wide spectrum of β-thalassemia mutations could well be explained by looking at its geographical distribution, the history of malaria, wars, invasions, mass migrations, consanguinity and settlements. The analysis of the molecular spectrum and distribution of haemoglobinopathies allows for the development and improvement of diagnostic tests and management for these disorders.
Lewensbeskoulike aspekte in die openbare standpunte van twee presidente
Authors: Strauss Piet 
Published: February 2017

The last two presidents of the Zuid-Afrikaansche (South African) Republic (1852–1902) and the Republic of the Orange Free State (1852–1902), S.J.P. Kruger and M.T. Steyn, both stood in the tradition of the Christian Afrikaner. Kruger as the symbol of Afrikaner republicanism in the 19th century and Steyn as a younger and more modern Afrikaner, tried to base their policies openly and clearly on Biblical and Christian principles. Kruger as a member and recognised minister of the Reformed Churches in South Africa formulated his views in a typical Dutch neo-Calvinistic way, while Steyn used Reformed concepts combined with his academic background in jurisprudence and the law of nations to foster the same ideas. Kruger and Steyn trusted one another, agreed on core issues and worked together rather well. Each strived to maintain the independence of his republic.
Word length statistics for Teichmüller geodesics and singularity of harmonic measure
Authors: Gadre Vaibhav , Maher Joseph , Tiozzo Giulio 
Published: February 2017

Given a measure on the Thurston boundary of Teichmüller space, one can pick a geodesic ray joining some basepoint to a randomly chosen point on the boundary. Different choices of measures may yield typical geodesics with different geometric properties. In particular, we consider two families of measures: the ones which belong to the Lebesgue or visual measure class, and harmonic measures for random walks on the mapping class group generated by a distribution with finite first moment in the word metric.
We consider the word length of approximating mapping class group elements along a geodesic ray, and prove that this quantity grows superlinearly in time along almost all geodesics with respect to Lebesgue measure, while along almost all geodesics with respect to harmonic measure the growth is linear. As a corollary, the harmonic and Lebesgue measures are mutually singular. We also prove a similar result for the ratio between the word metric and the relative metric (i.e. the induced metric on the curve complex).
Lacunary Interpolation by Fractal Splines with Variable Scaling Parameters
Authors: Viswanathan P. , Chand A.K.B. , Tyada K.R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFor a prescribed set of lacunary data with equally spaced knot sequence in the unit interval, we show the existence of a family of fractal splines satisfying for v = 0, 1, … ,N and suitable boundary conditions. To this end, the unique quintic spline introduced by A. Meir and A. Sharma [SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 10(3) 1973, pp. 433-442] is generalized by using fractal functions with variable scaling parameters. The presence of scaling parameters that add extra “degrees of freedom”, self-referentiality of the interpolant, and “fractality” of the third derivative of the interpolant are additional features in the fractal version, which may be advantageous in applications. If the lacunary data is generated from a function Φ satisfying certain smoothness condition, then for suitable choices of scaling factors, the corresponding fractal spline satisfies , as the number of partition points increases.
The Disc Theorem for the Schur Complement of Two Class Submatrices with γ-Diagonally Dominant Properties
Authors: Li Guangqi , Liu Jianzhou , Zhang Juan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe distribution for eigenvalues of Schur complement of matrices plays an important role in many mathematical problems. In this paper, we firstly present some criteria for H-matrix. Then as application, for two class matrices whose submatrices are γ-diagonally dominant and product γ-diagonally dominant, we show that the eigenvalues of the Schur complement are located in the Geršgorin discs and the Ostrowski discs of the original matrices under certain conditions.
Rheological transitions in the middle crust: insights from Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes
Authors: Cooper Frances J. , Platt John P. , Behr Whitney M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. High-strain mylonitic rocks in Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes reflect ductile deformation in the middle crust, but in many examples it is unclear how these mylonites relate to the brittle detachments that overlie them. Field observations, microstructural analyses, and thermobarometric data from the footwalls of three metamorphic core complexes in the Basin and Range Province, USA (the Whipple Mountains, California; the northern Snake Range, Nevada; and Ruby Mountains–East Humboldt Range, Nevada), suggest the presence of two distinct rheological transitions in the middle crust: (1) the brittle–ductile transition (BDT), which depends on thermal gradient and tectonic regime, and marks the switch from discrete brittle faulting and cataclasis to continuous, but still localized, ductile shear, and (2) the localized–distributed transition, or LDT, a deeper, dominantly temperature-dependent transition, which marks the switch from localized ductile shear to distributed ductile flow. In this model, brittle normal faults in the upper crust persist as ductile shear zones below the BDT in the middle crust, and sole into the subhorizontal LDT at greater depths.In metamorphic core complexes, the presence of these two distinct rheological transitions results in the development of two zones of ductile deformation: a relatively narrow zone of high-stress mylonite that is spatially and genetically related to the brittle detachment, underlain by a broader zone of high-strain, relatively low-stress rock that formed in the middle crust below the LDT, and in some cases before the detachment was initiated. The two zones show distinct microstructural assemblages, reflecting different conditions of temperature and stress during deformation, and contain superposed sequences of microstructures reflecting progressive exhumation, cooling, and strain localization. The LDT is not always exhumed, or it may be obscured by later deformation, but in the Whipple Mountains, it can be directly observed where high-strain mylonites captured from the middle crust depart from the brittle detachment along a mylonitic front.
Entre la sacralisation de la vie et l’essentialisation de la nature humaine : un examen critique du bioconservatisme1
Authors: Le Dévédec Nicolas 
Published: February 2017

Souvent qualifiés par leurs détracteurs d’« anti-mélioristes » ou de « bioluddites », les penseurs associés au « bioconservatisme » ont développé au début du vingt et unième siècle une critique vigoureuse des avancées technoscientifiques et biomédicales visant l’amélioration de l’être humain et de ses performances. À travers l’examen de la pensée de deux de ses représentants majeurs, le philosophe Leon Kass et le politologue Francis Fukuyama, cet article propose une lecture critique de la bioéthique conservatrice. Si les bioconservateurs ont le mérite de rappeler la nécessité de tenir compte de l’ancrage vivant irréductible de l’être humain à l’ère de la bioéconomie et de l’exploitation croissante du monde vivant, nous verrons que la conception, sinon religieuse, pour le moins dogmatique de la « nature humaine » qui soutient leur argumentation permet difficilement de répondre aux défis éthiques et politiques soulevés par l’aspiration actuelle à un humain augmenté.
La gouvernance dans un contexte de décentralisation « en action » : le cas de la régionalisation de la forêt en Outaouais
Authors: Kansa Timothé , Chiasson Guy 
Published: February 2017

Ce texte interroge les formes du pouvoir dans le contexte des institutions régionales au Québec. Malgré la masse des travaux de recherche québécois sur la décentralisation, peu d’entre eux ont abordé la réalité des conférences régionales des élus (CRÉ) et encore moins les dynamiques de pouvoir qui y prennent place. En s’appuyant sur les théories de la gouvernance des territoires, nous analysons les responsabilités en matière de planification forestière assumées par la CRÉ de la région de l’Outaouais (CRÉO). L’objectif est de voir dans quelle mesure la décentralisation des responsabilités en matière forestière vers la région de l’Outaouais s’inscrit dans le passage du « gouvernement à la gouvernance » tel que prévu dans la littérature. Trois dimensions typiquement associées à la gouvernance sont scrutées – le brouillage des frontières, la participation et la collaboration verticale – et amènent à nuancer le lien entre décentralisation et gouvernance territoriale.
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice
Authors: Arndt Stefanie , Meiners Klaus M. , Ricker Robert , Krumpen Thomas , Katlein Christian , Nicolaus Marcel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSnow on sea ice alters the properties of the underlying ice cover as well as associated physical and biological processes at the interfaces between atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. The Antarctic snow cover persists during most of the year and contributes significantly to the sea‐ice mass due to the widespread surface flooding and related snow‐ice formation. Snow also enhances the sea‐ice surface reflectivity of incoming shortwave radiation and determines therefore the amount of light being reflected, absorbed, and transmitted to the upper ocean. Here, we present results of a case study of spectral solar radiation measurements under Antarctic pack ice with an instrumented Remotely Operated Vehicle in the Weddell Sea in 2013. In order to identify the key variables controlling the spatial distribution of the under‐ice light regime, we exploit under‐ice optical measurements in combination with simultaneous characterization of surface properties, such as sea‐ice thickness and snow depth. Our results reveal that the distribution of flooded and nonflooded sea‐ice areas dominates the spatial scales of under‐ice light variability for areas smaller than 100 m‐by‐100 m. However, the heterogeneous and highly metamorphous snow on Antarctic pack ice obscures a direct correlation between the under‐ice light field and snow depth. Compared to the Arctic, light levels under Antarctic pack ice are extremely low during spring (<0.1%). This is mostly a result of the distinctly different dominant sea ice and snow properties with seasonal snow cover (including strong surface melt and summer melt ponds) in the Arctic and a year‐round snow cover and widespread surface flooding in the Southern Ocean.
Assessing the accuracy of MISR and MISR‐simulated cloud top heights using CloudSat‐ and CALIPSO‐retrieved hydrometeor profiles
Authors: Hillman Benjamin R. , Marchand Roger T. , Ackerman Thomas P. , Mace Gerald G. , Benson Sally 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSatellite retrievals of cloud properties are often used in the evaluation of global climate models, and in recent years satellite instrument simulators have been used to account for known retrieval biases in order to make more consistent comparisons between models and retrievals. Many of these simulators have seen little critical evaluation. Here we evaluate the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) simulator by using visible extinction profiles retrieved from a combination of CloudSat, CALIPSO, MODIS, and AMSR‐E observations as inputs to the MISR simulator and comparing cloud top height statistics from the MISR simulator with those retrieved by MISR. Overall, we find that the occurrence of middle‐ and high‐altitude topped clouds agrees well between MISR retrievals and the MISR‐simulated output, with distributions of middle‐ and high‐topped cloud cover typically agreeing to better than 5% in both zonal and regional averages. However, there are significant differences in the occurrence of low‐topped clouds between MISR retrievals and MISR‐simulated output that are due to differences in the detection of low‐level clouds between MISR and the combined retrievals used to drive the MISR simulator, rather than due to errors in the MISR simulator cloud top height adjustment. This difference highlights the importance of sensor resolution and boundary layer cloud spatial structure in determining low‐altitude cloud cover. The MISR‐simulated and MISR‐retrieved cloud optical depth also show systematic differences, which are also likely due in part to cloud spatial structure.
Base‐Promoted Addition of Arylacetonitriles to Terminal Alkynes: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Access to Disubstituted Acrylonitriles
Authors: Qi Chaorong , Peng Youbin , Ouyang Lu , Ren Yanwei , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA base‐promoted nucleophilic addition of arylacetonitriles to terminal alkynes has been described for the first time, providing a simple and straightforward protocol for the synthesis of a range of structurally diverse (Z)‐2,3‐disubstituted acrylonitriles in moderate to excellent yields. Of particular note, the transition metal‐free carbon‐carbon double bond forming reaction is regio‐ and stereoselective under mild conditions. A variety of functional groups can be tolerated on both the arylacetonitrile substrate and the alkyne coupling partner. Moreover, the reaction is easily scalable and the products thus obtained can serve as versatile intermediates for the synthesis of a series of useful substances.magnified image
Direct Access to Isoindolin‐1‐one Scaffolds by Copper‐Catalyzed Divergent Cyclizations of 2‐Formylbenzonitrile and Diaryliodonium Salts
Authors: Liu Li , Qiang Jian , Bai Shu‐Hua , Sung Hui‐Ling , Miao Chun‐Bao , Li Jian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed cascade transformations of 2‐formylbenzonitrile and diaryliodonium salts were carried out to efficiently afford isoindolin‐1‐one scaffolds. The process proceeds through a copper‐catalyzed tandem C–H/N–H arylation, producing two different isoindolin‐1‐one derivatives under different reaction conditions.magnified image
Synthesis of Dual‐Stimuli‐Responsive Microcontainers with Two Payloads in Different Storage Spaces for Preprogrammable Release
Authors: Cong Ying , Li Qiuju , Chen Min , Wu Limin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStimuli‐responsive microcontainers have become a major topic of interest, from fundamental aspects to applications in materials science. However, microcontainers that enable the loading of multiple species and programmable release are mostly unexplored. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a dual‐responsive organic/inorganic hybrid microcontainer with two payloads in separate storage spaces that is formed by the rapid UV‐initiated polymerization of Pickering emulsions. The stellate mesopore silica nanoparticles with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) grafted inside the mesopores were loaded with one compound (Nile red) and used as Pickering emulsifiers to stabilize oil‐in‐water droplets. Upon UV irradiation, pH‐responsive monomers were polymerized in the presence of 5(6)‐carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) to form hybrid colloidal microcontainers. The release of Nile red and CFDA could be selectively activated by changing the temperature or pH value.
Improved removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash via mechano‐chemical treatment
Authors: Wang W.X. , Qiao Y. , Li T. , Liu S. , Zhou J. , Yao H. , Yang H. , Xu M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis contribution reports an alternative method for synthesizing zeolite from coal fly ash via mechano‐chemical treatment. The raw fly ash was size reduced to <75 μm and then mechanically grounded via a wet ball milling system for 6 h in the presence of a 2.0 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to synthesize zeolite. The synthesized zeolite and the raw fly ash were then used to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The results show that, under equilibrium conditions, the maximum removal of Cr(VI) increases from 0.803 mg/g of the raw fly ash to 1.549 mg/g of the synthesized zeolite. The improved Cr(VI) removal capacity of the synthesized zeolite can be attributed to the formation of zeolite X, and to a lesser extent, the improved physical adsorption capacity. Low‐valence iron (e.g. Fe3O4) in the raw fly ash and the synthesized zeolite plays a significant role in reducing and removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sulfation roasting characteristics of copper‐bearing materials
Authors: Ozer M. , Acma E. , Atesok G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this study, the sulfation roasting characteristics of copper‐bearing ore and its flotation products as chalcopyrite concentrate and tailings were investigated in detail. For this aim, the roasting‐leaching experiments and thermal analyses were conducted on the samples. As a result of the leaching of sulfated products obtained from the roasting experiments, the maximum Cu extractions were achieved as 94.7%, 99.5% and 82.7%, for run of mine, chalcopyrite concentrate and the flotation tailings, at the roasting temperatures of 550, 650 and 525 °C, respectively. It was also found that the copper extractions began to decrease owing to decomposition of copper sulfates above these temperatures. It was indicated that the decomposition temperature of copper sulfates differ for each samples. On the other hand, thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analyses were subjected to identify the thermal behaviors of the samples. The results showed that the formation of metal sulfates occurred in a wide temperature range (394–650 °C) for chalcopyrite. On the contrary, copper sulfation reactions took place at narrow temperature ranges of 450–560 °C and 480–550 °C for the run of mine ore and the flotation tailing, respectively. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic effect of amino silane functional montmorillonite on intumescent flame‐retarded SEBS and its mechanism
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Tang Shawei , Zhou Xiaoqin , Gu Shengheng , Huang Kai , Xu Jianjun , Wang Xia , Li Ying 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTA functional modified montmorillonite (F‐OMMT) was prepared by intercalating pristine montmorillonite using phosphonium salt and subsequent grafting through alkyl amino silane coupling. The synergistic effect of F‐OMMT on the flame retardancy and char‐forming mechanism of intumescent flame‐retarded polystyrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene (SEBS) composite (SEBS/IFR) was investigated. When 2 wt % F‐OMMT was introduced to the SEBS/IFR composite, the limited oxygen index (LOI) value of the composite increased from 24.9% to 26.9%, and the peak heat release rate significantly reduced according to microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) test. The outer char demonstrated that F‐OMMT produced dense and intact nanoparticles with a stabilised graphite structure. Meanwhile, F‐OMMT helped form a crosslinking network containing large amounts of P, O, N, and Si in the char layer. Along with IFR, the amino functional group on the clay released nonflammable ammonia in the gaseous phase, the enhanced blowing effect can overcome the high‐viscosity resistance of SEBS, more intumescent coating with strengthened clay platelets was then produced. In addition, the tensile properties of SEBS/IFR/F‐OMMT composite increased evidently for the good dispersion effect. F‐OMMT can serve as an effective and environmentally friendly additive for SEBS/IFR composite. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44953.