bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Interoception in Lifestyle Factors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mulder Jesper , Boelens Mirte , van der Velde Laura A. , Brust Michelle , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundInteroception, the perception of the internal state of the body, offers an underrepresented and intriguing potential avenue for altering lifestyle-related behaviors. Interoception is intrinsically related to maintaining homeostasis and the flexible allostatic regulation of complex demands. Internal bodily states may also be influenced by lifestyle factors and related problems. This systematic review aimed to provide insight into the current state of evidence about the role of interoception in lifestyle factors.MethodsStudies from three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) were screened for eligibility based on two inclusion criteria: 1) at least one measure of interoception (e.g., interoceptive accuracy, attention, or awareness), and 2) at least one measure of a lifestyle factor (i.e., alcohol consumption, cognitive leisure and relaxation activities, eating behavior, exercise, sleep, or smoking). Risk of bias was assessed using an adjusted quality score checklist, consisting of five items related to study design, population size, exposure measurement, outcome measurement, and adjustment for confounders.ResultsThe review included 73 studies. Out of the included studies, 51 measured interoceptive accuracy and 36 measured interoceptive attention. Six studies quantified interoceptive awareness. In terms of lifestyle factors, 26 studies on cognitive leisure and relaxation activities, 19 studies on eating behavior, 12 studies focused on alcohol consumption, 10 studies on exercise, five studies on smoking, and four studies on sleep were identified. Findings show positive relations between interoception and cognitive leisure and relaxation activities, eating behavior, and exercise.Conversely, the consumption of alcohol is negatively related to interoception. Studies in the smoking and sleep lifestyle factors were sparse and of varying methodological quality.DiscussionThe findings of this review show that interoceptive domains are associated with various lifestyle factors, but the quality of the evidence is limited. Future longitudinal studies with more objective measures of interoception are needed in order to better understand the interrelations between interoception and lifestyle factors.HighlightsStrong support for importance of mindfulness in interoceptionLess strong positive relations between interoception, eating behavior, and exerciseLess strong negative relation between interoception and alcohol consumptionResults show lack of articles using objective interoceptive attention measuresResults show lack of quantification of interoceptive awareness
Identifying crystal structures beyond known prototypes from x-ray powder diffraction spectra
Authors: Parackal Abhijith S. , Goodall Rhys E. A. , Faber Felix A. , Armiento Rickard 
Published: October 2024

The large amount of powder diffraction data for which the corresponding crystal structures have not yet been identified suggests the existence of numerous undiscovered, physically relevant crystal structure prototypes. In this paper, we present a scheme to resolve powder diffraction data into crystal structures with precise atomic coordinates by screening the space of all possible atomic arrangements, i.e., structural prototypes, including those not previously observed, using a pre-trained machine learning (ML) model. This involves (i) enumerating all possible symmetry-confined ways in which a given composition can be accommodated in a given space group, (ii) ranking the element-assigned prototype representations using energies predicted using the Wyckoff representation regression ML model [Goodall , ], (iii) assigning and perturbing atoms along the degree of freedom allowed by the Wyckoff positions to match the experimental diffraction data, and (iv) validating the thermodynamic stability of the material using density-functional theory. An advantage of the presented method is that it does not rely on a database of previously observed prototypes and is, therefore capable of finding crystal structures with entirely new symmetric arrangements of atoms. We demonstrate the workflow on unidentified x-ray diffraction spectra from the ICDD database and identify a number of stable structures, where a majority turns out to be derivable from known prototypes. However, at least two are found not to be part of our prior structural data sets.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Flowering plant communities mediate the effects of habitat composition and configuration on wild pollinator communities
Authors: Gillespie Mark A. K. , Baude Mathilde , Biesmeijer Jacobus , Boatman Nigel , Budge Giles E. , Crowe Andrew , Davies Nancy , Evans Rebecca , Memmott Jane , Morton R. Daniel , Moss Ellen , Potts Simon G. , Roberts Stuart P. M. , Rowland Clare , Senapathi Deepa , Smart Simon M. , Wood Claire , Kunin William E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

There is strong evidence that landscape‐scale factors such as habitat diversity, composition and configuration are important drivers of declines in pollinators and pollination services. However, context and species‐specific responses make it challenging to draw general conclusions about the most important components of landscapes that support diverse and abundant pollinator communities.

In this study, we took a functional‐traits approach to community assembly and tested the hypothesis that landscape properties act most strongly on pollinators indirectly, through their influence on flowering plant communities. Using plant and pollinator data from 96 landscapes in Britain, we tested the associations between plant and pollinator communities and local environmental factors, such as habitat cover and configuration, using path analysis based on Mantel and partial Mantel statistics.

When all pollinators were considered, we found that the environmental factors had stronger links to the composition of flowering plant communities than to the composition of pollinator communities. Further, the flowering plant community was strongly linked to the pollinator community suggesting a mediating role between land use and pollinators. When separating the pollinator community into taxonomic groups, we found the same result for hoverflies, but wild bees were linked to both environmental factors and flowering plants.

We further explored these links with structural equation models using the response‐effect trait framework as a guiding principle. We found strong evidence that land‐use composition and configuration influence the trait distribution and functional diversity of the pollinator community via plant community composition.

These findings suggest that the indirect effect of land use on pollinators via flowering plants should be considered in informing the design of pollinator friendly landscapes and in future research of the effects of land use and management on wild pollinators.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Developing an initial explanatory theory for Partnering for Change using realist evaluation
Authors: VanderKaay Sandra , Missiuna Cheryl , Bennett Sheila , Whalen Sandra Sahagian , Dix Leah , Camden Chantal , Kennedy Jennifer , Campbell Wenonah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionPartnering for Change (P4C) is an innovative practice model for school‐based occupational therapy developed in Canada and informed by a program of research spanning nearly two decades. National and international interest in P4C necessitated development of an explanatory theory to guide implementation in varied contexts. The purpose of this study is to document the process of theory development and to provide an overview of the initial P4C explanatory theory.MethodsRealist evaluation was used to construct an initial explanatory theory of P4C drawing on P4C developers' conceptualisations of the model, document analysis, and analysis of transcripts from interviews and focus groups.Consumer and community involvementNo consumers were involved in the study design or analysis.FindingsFour sets of premises expressed as context‐mechanism‐outcome configurations (CMOCs) comprise the initial explanatory theory of P4C. An abstracted summary of these four sets along with contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes central to the P4C initial explanatory theory is presented. An exemplar CMOC is shared to illustrate how theoretical premises are developed and expressed using realist evaluation.ConclusionThis study advances knowledge regarding the hypothesised core elements of P4C and provides an example of using realist evaluation to advance knowledge in occupational therapy. Preliminary implications for clinical practice are discussed.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYPartnering for Change (P4C) is a way of providing occupational therapy services in schools that helps all children to learn and participate successfully. P4C was created in Ontario, Canada, and has been researched for almost 20 years. People in different parts of Canada and other countries are interested in trying P4C. As the researchers who created P4C, we think there is a need to explain how it works so it can be used in different places. This study explains how we created a theory to describe P4C. To develop this theory, we used a method called realist evaluation that would help us explain how, why, and in what situations P4C works best. To do this, we analysed documents and transcripts of interviews and focus groups. Our findings are organised into four main ideas, each explained in terms of contexts (the situations), mechanisms (how and why P4C works), and outcomes (the impacts of P4C). One detailed example is given to show how these ideas were formed and work together. In conclusion, our study helps us understand the key parts of P4C and shows how realist evaluation can be used to improve knowledge in occupational therapy. The study also suggests some early ideas on how P4C can be used in practice.
The role of large language models in interdisciplinary research: Opportunities, challenges and ways forward
Authors: Mammides Christos , Papadopoulos Harris 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) are gaining importance in research as they offer many benefits. One often overlooked benefit is their potential to facilitate and support interdisciplinary research, which is key to addressing current global challenges, such as the twin crises of biodiversity loss and climate change.

LLMs can help reduce the costs associated with knowledge transfer and bridge gaps between different fields of study. They can also be especially useful in helping ecologists understand and adopt powerful techniques common in other fields.

However, using LLMs in research, especially for complex tasks, carries important risks, including the possibility of generating inaccurate information, which can lead to false conclusions.

We recommend that researchers adhere to best practices when using LLMs for research by providing appropriate prompts and dividing complex tasks into smaller, more manageable tasks that facilitate learning and testing. Moreover, journals should implement policies to ensure that information and code generated using LLMs are properly validated. Academic programs should incorporate formal training in LLMs, equipping students and researchers with the necessary skills to use these tools more effectively and responsibly, including for interdisciplinary research.
Laparoscopic colectomy for patients with poor American Society of Anesthesiology classifications
Authors: Noda Keisuke , Nonaka Takashi , Tominaga Tetsuro , Takamura Yuma , Oishi Kaido , Hashimoto Shintaro , Shiraishi Toshio , Ono Rika , Ishii Mitsutoshi , Hisanaga Makoto , Takeshita Hiroaki , Fukuoka Hidetoshi , Oyama Shosaburo , Ishimaru Kazuhide , Kunizaki Masaki , Sawai Terumitsu , Matsumoto Keitaro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification is used to assess the fitness of a patient for surgery. Whether laparoscopic surgery is appropriate for colorectal cancer patients with poor ASA performance status (PS) remains unclear.MethodsAmong 4585 patients who underwent colorectal surgery between 2016 and 2023, this study retrospectively reviewed all 458 patients with ASA‐PS ≥3. Patients were divided into two groups: patients treated by open surgery (O group, n = 80); and patients treated by laparoscopic surgery (L group, n = 378). We investigated the impact of surgical approach on postoperative complications in patients with colorectal cancer and ASA‐PS ≥3.ResultsOperation time was longer (170 min vs. 233 min, p < .001), blood loss was less (156 mL vs. 23 mL, p < .001), postoperative complications were less frequent (40.0% vs. 25.1%, p = .008), and hospital stay was shorter (23 days vs. 14 days, p < .001) in L group. Univariate analysis revealed rectal cancer, open surgery, longer operation time, and blood loss as factors significantly associated with postoperative complications. Multivariate analysis revealed open surgery (odds ratio [OR] 2.100, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.164–3.788; p = .013) and longer operation time (OR 1.747, 95% CI 1.098–2.778; p = .018) as independent predictors of postoperative complications.ConclusionLaparoscopic surgery provides favorable outcomes for colorectal cancer patients with poor ASA‐PS.
Genetic Analysis of Neurite Outgrowth Inhibitor‐Associated Genes in Parkinson's Disease: A Cross‐Sectional Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Xiurong , Wang Yige , Xiang Yaqin , Zhao Yuwen , Pan Hongxu , Liu Zhenhua , Xu Qian , Sun Qiying , Tan Jieqiong , Yan Xinxiang , Li Jinchen , Tang Beisha , Guo Jifeng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a combination of aging, environmental, and genetic factors. Previous research has implicated both causative and susceptibility genes in PD development. Nogo‐A, a neurite outgrowth inhibitor, has been shown to impact axon growth through ligand‐receptor interactions negatively, thereby involved in the deterioration of dopaminergic neurons. However, rare genetic studies have identified the relationship between neurite outgrowth inhibitor (Nogo)‐associated genes and PD from a signaling pathway perspective.MethodsWe enrolled 3959 PD patients and 2931 healthy controls, categorized into two cohorts based on their family history and age at onset: sporadic early Parkinson's disease & familial Parkinson's disease (sEOPD & FPD) cohort and sporadic late Parkinson's disease (sLOPD) cohort. We selected 17 Nogo‐associated genes and stratified them into three groups via their function, respectively, ligand, receptors, and signaling pathway groups. Additionally, we conducted the burden analysis in rare variants, the logistic regression analysis in common variants, and the genotype–phenotype association analysis. Last, bioinformatics analysis and functional experiments were conducted to identify the role of the MTOR gene in PD.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that the missense variants in the MTOR gene might increase PD risk, while the deleterious variants in the receptor subtype of Nogo‐associated genes might mitigate PD risk. However, common variants of Nogo‐associated genes showed no association with PD development in two cohorts. Furthermore, genotype–phenotype association analysis suggested that PD patients with MTOR gene variants exhibited relatively milder motor symptoms but were more susceptible developing dyskinesia. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis results showed MTOR gene was significantly decreased in PD, indicating a potential negative role of the mTOR in PD pathogenesis. Experimental data further demonstrated that MHY1485, a mTOR agonist, could rescue MPP+‐induced axon inhibition, further implicating the involvement of mTOR protein in PD by regulating cell growth and axon growth.ConclusionsOur preliminary investigation highlights the association of Nogo‐associated genes with PD onset in the Chinese mainland population and hints at the potential role of the MTOR gene in PD. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanistic pathways underlying these associations and their therapeutic implications.
Institutional Investors and the Fight Against Climate Change
Authors: Kolasa Thea , Sautner Zacharias 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueThis article examines the role of institutional investors in the fight against climate change. We explain the institutional context, provide evidence highlighting institutional investors' bright and dark sides in this fight, and develop multiple ideas for future research.Research Findings/InsightsWe show that climate change has a significant impact on institutional investors. Simultaneously, we demonstrate that institutional investors can have a significant positive impact on fighting climate change, particularly if they actively engage with portfolio firms to reduce carbon emissions. For risk management reasons, this is in their own interest, and it is also in the interests of society.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe highlight possible future research avenues on the link between institutional investors and climate change, emphasizing issues related to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) rating agencies, greenwashing, and the risk of a loss of trust in ESG products. Climate change constitutes one of the grand challenges of our time, and substantially more research on the role of finance is required.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsClimate change imposes financial risks on institutional investors' portfolio firms, which must be actively addressed in the investment process. Nascent evidence indicates that markets have begun pricing these risks. Institutional investors can positively influence climate change by engaging portfolio firms on their emissions and simultaneously reducing climate transition risks.
Is there a possibility that P‐glycoprotein reduces reproductive toxicity in males but breast cancer resistance protein does not?
Authors: Yu Zhiheng , Liu Wei , Wang Ziyu , Chen Yidong , Yan Jie , Benet Leslie Z. , Zhai Suodi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn traditional understanding, P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) are regarded as efflux transporters that can decrease the concentration of their substrates in the testis, thereby reducing reproductive toxicity in males (RTM) and protecting spermatogenesis. However, there is currently no direct pharmacological evidence demonstrating that P‐gp and BCRP can reduce the occurrence of drug‐induced RTM. In this study, we chose small molecule targeted anti‐tumor agents as model drugs and systematically retrieved and collected information on the transporters and RTM for these drugs, followed by correlation analysis. The results showed a lower incidence of RTM for P‐gp substrate drugs, which aligns with previous knowledge. Surprisingly, BCRP substrate drugs exhibited higher rates of RTM in various dimensions, contradicting previous notions. This discrepancy may be attributed to the differential distribution and transport directions of P‐gp and BCRP on the blood–testis barrier (BTB). For the first time, this study may provide clues that BCRP may facilitate the passage of exogenous compounds across the BTB, increasing the occurrence of RTM, rather than protecting spermatogenesis as traditionally believed. Furthermore, this study provides the first direct verification of the role of P‐gp in reducing RTM and protecting spermatogenesis.
The Prognostic Significance of Tumoral Melanosis
Authors: Potter Alison J. , Ferguson Peter M. , Lo Serigne N. , Ahmed Tasnia , Rawson Robert V. , Thompson John F. , Long Georgina V. , Scolyer Richard A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTumoral melanosis (TM) is a histological term to describe a nodular aggregation of macrophages containing melanin pigment (melanophages) that is devoid of viable melanocytes. It is most often identified in skin, where it may be appreciated clinically as a pigmented lesion; however, it can also be found in other organs such as lymph nodes. The presence of TM is usually thought to signify the presence of a regressed melanoma or other pigmented tumor. Until recently, it was a relatively uncommon finding; however, with the use of effective systemic therapies against melanoma, its occurrence in histological specimens is more frequent.MethodsWe identified and reviewed all histopathological diagnoses of TM at any organ site reported at a single institution from 2006 to 2018. TM cases were paired with non‐TM cases of cutaneous melanoma through propensity score matching at a 1:2 ratio, and their survival outcomes were compared. The clinical outcomes examined included recurrence‐free survival (RFS), distant disease‐free survival (DDFS), melanoma‐specific survival (MSS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsTM was reported in 79 patients. Their median age was 65 years (range 22–88), with a 2:1 male predominance (51 out of 79, 65%). The most common organ involved was the skin (67%), with a third of all cases localized to a lower limb (36%). TM had a strong association with the presence of melanoma (91%) and regression at other sites of melanoma (54%), suggesting that it is part of a systemic immune response against melanoma. Most patients with TM either previously or subsequently developed histologically confirmed melanoma in the same anatomical region as the TM (89%). Thirty‐five TM patients were matched with 70 non‐TM cases. Patients with melanoma who developed TM without prior regional or systemic therapy showed improved MSS (p = 0.03), whereas no statistically significant differences were observed in terms of RFS, DDFS, and OS.ConclusionsTM usually occurs in the context of a previous or subsequent cutaneous melanoma and is associated with improved MSS. It is important that TM is recognized by pathologists and documented in pathology reports.
A root mucilage analogue from chia seeds reduces soil gas diffusivity
Authors: Haupenthal Adrian , Duddek Patrick , Benard Pascal , Knott Mathilde , Carminati Andrea , Jungkunst Hermann F. , Kroener Eva , Brüggemann Nicolas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGas exchange in the soil is determined by the size and connectivity of air‐filled pores. Root mucilage reduces air‐filled pore connectivity and thus gas diffusivity. It is unclear to what extent mucilage affects soil pore connectivity and tortuosity. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of gas diffusion processes in the rhizosphere by explaining the geometric alterations of the soil pore space induced by mucilage. We quantified the effect of a root mucilage analogue collected from chia seeds without intrinsic respiratory activity on oxygen diffusion at different water contents during drying–rewetting cycles in a diffusion chamber experiment. Quantification of oxygen diffusion showed that mucilage decreased the gas diffusion coefficient in dry soil without affecting air‐filled porosity. Without mucilage, a hysteresis in gas diffusion coefficient during a drying–rewetting cycle was observed. The effect depended on particle size and diminished with increasing mucilage content. X‐ray computed tomography imaging indicated a hysteresis in the connectivity of the gas phase during a drying–rewetting cycle for samples without mucilage. This effect was attenuated with increasing mucilage content. Furthermore, electron microscopy showed that mucilage structures formed in drying soil increase with mucilage content, thereby progressively reducing the connectivity of the gas phase. In conclusion, the effect of mucilage on soil gas diffusion highly depends on soil texture and mucilage content. The diminishing hysteresis with the addition of mucilage suggests that plant roots secrete mucilage to balance oxygen availability and water content, even under fluctuating moisture conditions.