bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring and modeling vertical gradients in suspended sediments in the Solimões/Amazon River
Authors: Armijos E. , Crave A. , Espinoza R. , Fraizy P. , Santos A.L.M.R. Dos , Sampaio F. , De Oliveira E. , Santini W. , Martinez J.M. , Autin P. , Pantoja N. , Oliveira M. , Filizola N. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAccurately measuring sediment flux in large rivers remains a challenge due to the spatial and temporal cross‐sectional variability of suspended sediment concentrations in conjunction with sampling procedures that fail to accurately quantify these differences. This study presents a field campaign methodology that can be used to improve the measurement of suspended sediment concentrations in the Amazon River or similarly large rivers. The turbidity signal and Rouse model are together used in this study to define the spatial distribution of suspended sediment concentrations in a river cross‐section, taking into account the different size fractions of the sediment. With this methodology, suspended sediment fluxes corresponding to each sediment class are defined with less uncertainty than with manual samples. This paper presents an application of this methodology during a field campaign at different gauging stations along a 3,000‐km stretch of the Solimões/Amazon River during low water and flood periods. Vertical concentration profiles and Rouse model applications for distinctive sediment sizes are explored to determine concentration gradients throughout a cross‐section of the river. The results show that coupling both turbidity technology and the Rouse model may improve our understanding of the spatial distribution of different sediments fractions sizes in the Solimões/Amazon River. These data are very useful in defining a pertinent monitoring strategy for suspended sediment concentrations in the challenging context of large rivers.
Adsorption‐induced Symmetry Distortions in W@Au12 Nanoclusters, Leading to Enhanced Hyperpolarizabilities
Authors: Elgavi Sinai Hadassah , Avnir David 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe study how the adsorption of molecules on the stable gold icosahedral W@Au12 nanocluster affects its structure, specifically the inversion symmetry, in relation to the hyperpolarizability of the cluster‐molecule complex. As adsorbed molecules, we selected the achiral physisorbed H2S and chemisorbed HS radical, the chiral physisorbed cysteine and the chemisorbed cysteine radical. We show that adsorption leads to deformation of W@Au12 that removes the inversion symmetry of the cluster itself. Employing the continuous symmetry measure (CSM) methodology we are able to quantify the distortions, relative to the undisturbed cluster. We then evaluate the hyperpolarizabilities which emerge due to the lack of centrosymmetry. We find that large hyperpolarizabilities, by far exceeding those of the organic molecules, emerge as a result of the complexation of these two different species. This result is of relevance to studies of nonlinear optics, where methods of enhancing that property in molecules of choice are desired.
New Potential Biomarker Proteins for Alcoholic Liver Disease Identified by a Comparative Proteomics Approach
Authors: Lee Su Jin , Lee Da Eun , Kang Jeong Han , Nam Min‐Jeong , Park Jeen‐Woo , Kang Beom Sik , Lee Dong‐Seok , Lee Hyun‐Shik , Kwon Oh‐Shin 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTChronic alcohol consumption causes hepatic steatosis, which is characterized by a considerable increase in free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride levels. To identify the possible proteins involved in the progression to alcoholic hepatosteatosis, we performed proteomic analysis on livers of mice exposed to alcohol. 2D‐based proteomic analysis revealed that EtOH exposure in mice changed the expression of 43 proteins compared with that in mice fed a normal diet (ND). The most notable protein changes were proteins involved in Met metabolism and oxidative stress, most of which were significantly downregulated in alcohol‐exposed animals. Although non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) seem to share the same molecular processes, the difference between these conditions is still unclear. To address this question, we explored the features of alcoholic hepatosteatosis that were different compared with those of methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet‐induced mice with nonalcoholic liver damage. Although most of the differentially expressed proteins associated with ALD did not significantly differ from those of NAFLD, nine proteins showed considerably different patterns. Of these, ornithine aminotransferase, vitamin D binding protein, and phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding protein were considerably upregulated in ALD mice, compared to that in NAFLD and ND mice. However, other proteins including inorganic pyrophosphatase were differentially regulated in MCD mice; however, they did not differ significantly between the alcoholic model and ND control mice. These results suggested that the identified proteins might be useful candidate markers to differentiate ALD from NAFLD. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1189–1200, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal design of wideband digital integrators and differentiators using harmony search algorithm
Authors: Mahata Shibendu , Saha Suman Kumar , Kar Rajib , Mandal Durbadal 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient approach to design stable, wideband, and infinite impulse response digital integrators (DIs) and digital differentiators (DDs) of first, second, third, and fourth order using an evolutionary optimization algorithm called harmony search (HS). In recent years, although wideband DIs and DDs have been designed using metaheuristic optimization techniques such as simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization (PSO), these algorithms lead to sub‐optimal solutions because of stagnation and premature convergence. HS algorithm, however, promises an enhanced frequency response for DIs and DDs because of the better exploration and exploitation of the search space. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of HS‐based designs as compared with three well‐known benchmark evolutionary optimization algorithms, namely real coded genetic algorithm (RGA), PSO, and differential evolution (DE) based designs by yielding the least values of different magnitude response error metrics. Parametric and non‐parametric statistical hypothesis tests are also conducted to compare the consistency in the performance of HS‐based DIs and DDs with those of the designs based on RGA, PSO, and DE. The proposed HS‐based designs also outperform those of the designs based on both classical and evolutionary optimization approaches reported in recent literature in terms of the maximum absolute magnitude error metric.
The Andes Cordillera. Part III: glacier surface mass balance and contribution to sea level rise (1979–2014)
Authors: Mernild Sebastian H. , Liston Glen E. , Hiemstra Christopher , Wilson Ryan 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTGlacier surface mass balance (SMB) observations for the Andes Cordillera are limited and therefore estimates of the SMB contribution to sea‐level rise are highly uncertain. Here (in Part 3), we simulate glacier surface meteorological and hydrological conditions and trends for the Andes Cordillera (1979/80–2013/14; 35 years), covering the tropical latitudes in the north down to the sub‐polar latitudes in the far south, including the Northern Patagonia Icefield (NPI) and Southern Patagonia Icefield (SPI). Surface meteorological conditions and heat‐ and mass‐transfer processes were simulated for all glaciers having an area equal to or greater than 0.5 km2. SnowModel – a fully integrated energy balance, blowing‐snow distribution, multi‐layer snowpack, and runoff routing model – was used to simulate glacier SMBs for the Andes Cordillera. The Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI; v. 4.0) and NASA Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) products, downscaled in SnowModel, allowed us to conduct relatively high‐resolution (1‐km horizontal grid; 3‐h time step) simulations of glacier air temperature, precipitation, sublimation, evaporation, runoff, and SMB. These simulated glacier SMBs were verified against both independent direct observed annual glacier SMB and satellite gravimetry and altimetry derived SMB, indicating a good agreement. For Andes glaciers, the 35‐year mean annual SMB was found to be −1.13 m water equivalent (w.e.), while the cumulative SMB was −39.6 m w.e., which is equal to a cumulative SMB contribution of 3.4 mm sea‐level equivalent (SLE) (∼0.1 mm SLE per year). However, for both NPI and SPI, the mean SMB was positive (where likely calving explains why geodetic estimates are negative). For the Andes Cordillera, the simulated mean glacier‐specific runoff was 41 L s−1 km−2, while for NPI and SPI it was 213 and 198 L s−1 km−2, respectively, indicating available water resources from NPI and SPI.
Triple Redox Responsive Poly(Ethylene Glycol)‐Polycaprolactone Polymeric Nanocarriers for Fine‐Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Zhao Caiyan , Shao Leihou , Lu Jianqing , Zhao Chenying , Wei Yujie , Liu Junxing , Li Mingjun , Wu Yan 
Published: October 2016

Stimuli‐responsive nanocarriers with the ability to respond to tumorous heterogeneity have been extensively developed for drug delivery. However, the premature release during blood circulation and insufficient intracellular drug release are still a significant issue. Herein, three disulfide bonds are introduced into the amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)‐polycaprolactone copolymer blocks to form triple‐sensitive cleavable polymeric nanocarrier (tri‐PESC NPs) to improve its sensitivity to narrow glutathione (GSH) concentration. The tri‐PESC NPs keep intact during blood circulation due to the limited cleaving of triple‐disulfide bonds, whereas the loaded drug is efficiently released at tumor cells with the increased concentration of GSH. In vitro studies of doxorubicin‐loaded tri‐PESC NPs show that the nanocarriers achieve sufficient drug release in cancerous cells and inhibit the tumor cells growth, though they only bring minimum damage to normal cells. Therefore, the tri‐PESC NPs with triple‐sensitive cleavable bonds hold great promise to improve the therapeutic index in cancer therapy.
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Free fillet flap application to cover forequarter or traumatic amputation of an upper extremity: A case report
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Lindenblatt Nicole , Barth André A. , Fuchs Bruno , Weder Walter , Giovanoli Pietro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractReusing tissue of amputated or unsalvageable limbs to reconstruct soft tissue defects is one aspect of the “spare parts concept.” Using a free fillet flap in such situations enables the successful formation of a proximal stump with the length needed to cover a large defect from forequarter amputation without risking additional donor‐site morbidity. The use of free fillet flaps for reconstruction after forequarter and traumatic upper extremity amputations is illustrated here in a case report. A 41‐year old patient required a forequarter amputation to resect a desmoid tumor, resulting in an extensive soft‐tissue defect of the upper extremity. A free fillet flap of the amputated arm and an additional local epaulette flap were used to reconstruct the defect. At 9 months after the procedure, a satisfactory result with a very well healed flap was attained. Free fillet flaps can be used successfully for reconstruction of large upper extremity defects, without risking additional donor‐site morbidity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:700–704, 2016.
Signaling events associated with gonadotropin releasing hormone‐agonist‐induced hormonal castration and its reversal in canines
Authors: Bulldan Ahmed , Shihan Mazen , Goericke‐Pesch Sandra , Scheiner‐Bobis Georgios 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYA gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRH‐A) implant induces hormonal castration in dogs that is associated with reduced prostate and testes size. We address the molecular events associated with hormonal castration by examining GnRH‐A effects on expression and phosphorylation of a number of key signaling proteins. Male beagles were treated for 5 months with a GnRH‐A implant, and then surgically castrated at 0, 3, 6, 12, and, 24 weeks after implant removal; untreated animals served as controls. GnRH‐A treatment led to activation of c‐Raf, Erk1/2, and, p53 in the testes. Phosphorylation of p53 occurred at Ser15, consistent with activation of the c‐Raf‐Erk1/2‐p53 signaling cascade that triggers growth arrest or apoptosis. GnRH‐A also suppressed the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐xL; reduced phosphorylation of the transcription factors CREB and ATF1; and down‐regulated expression of StAR and P450scc, proteins involved in steroidogenesis. Although androgen receptor expression was little affected by GnRH‐A treatment, levels of ZIP9, a membrane‐bound Zn2+ transporter that mediates non‐classical signaling of testosterone, were abrogated. All of these effects were reversed within 24 weeks after implant removal. Thus, molecular signatures of implant‐dependent hormonal castration include reversible cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, loss of steroidogenesis, and reduced transcriptional activity. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 1092–1101, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiac involvement in female carriers of duchenne or becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Mccaffrey Thomas , Guglieri Michela , Murphy Alexander P. , Bushby Katherine , Johnson Anna , Bourke John P. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe significance of abnormal cardiac measures in asymptomatic females who harbor dystrophin gene mutations is controversial.MethodsEcho‐measures of ventricular function were compared with published norms in a cross‐sectional study of 130 (age, 39 ± 15.7 years) “carriers” of Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD). Correlations between cardiomyopathy (CM) and mutation, creatine kinase (CK) levels, age, and muscle symptoms were investigated.ResultsDepending on definition, CM prevalence was 3–33%. Ejection fraction (Simpson method) was < 55% in 9 (13%) and < 40% in 2 (2.9%). Eleven (8.5%) had wall motion abnormalities. Left ventricular end‐systolic dimensions were increased in 7 (5.7%) and end‐diastolic in 17 (13.9%). CM did not correlate with mutation type, DMD or BMD phenotype, CK level, muscle symptoms, or age.ConclusionsOccult CM can be found by screening in DMD/BMD carriers. Its lack of age‐correlation suggests that not all abnormalities progress. Optimum screening schedules require a better understanding of progressive CM. Muscle Nerve 55: 810–818, 2017
Copolymerization of carbon dioxide with cyclohexene oxide catalyzed by bimetallic dysprosium complexes containing hydrazine‐functionalized Schiff‐base derivatives
Authors: Ho Chia‐Hsing , Chuang Hui‐Ju , Lin Po‐Heng , Ko Bao‐Tsan 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTA series of dinuclear DyIII acetate complexes containing three different hydrazine‐functionalized Schiff‐base ligands (hmb, hmi, and hb) have been synthesized by one‐pot reaction with Dy(OAc)3·4H2O as the metal precursor. [Dy2(hmb)2(OAc)4]·MeCN (1·MeCN) and [Dy2(hmi)2(OAc)2(MeOH)2]·H2O (2·H2O) with keto and enol forms of the corresponding ligands, respectively, were shown the similar core structures but different ratio of DyIII to OAc–. Moreover, the different coordination environments of complex [Dy2(hb)2(μ‐OAc)2(OAc)2(H2O)2]·DMF·H2O (3·DMF·H2O) also offered an opportunity to understand the relationship between structural model and catalytic properties. Bimetallic dysprosium complexes 1–3 were demonstrated to be active catalysts for copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) without cocatalysts. To the best of our knowledge, well‐defined catalyst 2 appears to be the first example of an air‐stable bimetallic dysprosium complex that is effective for CO2/CHO copolymerization and the formation of the perfectly alternating poly(cyclohexenecarbonate) with a high molecular weight. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 321–328
Adaptive consensus algorithms for real‐time operation of multi‐agent systems affected by switching network events
Authors: Muñoz Filiberto , Espinoza Quesada Eduardo Steed , La Hung M. , Salazar Sergio , Commuri Sesh , Garcia Carrillo Luis Rodolfo 
Published: October 2016

SummaryWe propose a control strategy based on distributed adaptive leader‐follower consensus algorithms for multi‐agent systems (MAS) affected by switching network events. The strategy allows each agent in the MAS to compute its own control input based on local information and information coming from its neighbors. In this sense, MAS distributed control laws are obtained where the coupling gain of the associated communication graph is adapted dynamically in real‐time. The consensus algorithm is extended with a switching network topology approach, which ensures appropriate performance even when the MAS network topology is prone to arbitrary switching. A real‐time experimental application is presented, where a MAS consisting of four rotorcraft UAS successfully performed the tasks of autonomously approaching and escorting a leader, even in the situation when the network topology was arbitrarily changing. Additionally, a Lyapunov stability analysis is included, which demonstrates that the tracking errors between leader and follower agents converge asymptotically to zero. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Conversion of Renewable Resources into Bulk and Fine Chemicals
Authors: de Vries Johannes G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSeveral strategies can be chosen to convert renewable resources into chemicals. In this account, I exemplify the route that starts with so‐called platform chemicals; these are relatively simple chemicals that can be produced in high yield, directly from renewable resources, either via fermentation or via chemical routes. They can be converted into the existing bulk chemicals in a very efficient manner using multistep catalytic conversions. Two examples are given of the conversion of sugars into nylon intermediates. 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) can be prepared in good yield from fructose. Two hydrogenation steps convert HMF into 1,6‐hexanediol. Oppenauer oxidation converts this product into caprolactone, which in the past, has been converted into caprolactam in a large‐scale industrial process by reaction with ammonia. An even more interesting platform chemical is levulinic acid (LA), which can be obtained directly from lignocellulose in good yield by treatment with dilute sulfuric acid at 200°C. Hydrogenation converts LA into gamma‐valerolactone, which is ring‐opened and esterified in a gas‐phase process to a mixture of isomeric methyl pentenoates in excellent selectivity. In a remarkable selective palladium‐catalysed isomerising methoxycarbonylation, this mixture is converted in to dimethyl adipate, which is finally hydrolysed to adipic acid. Overall selectivities of both processes are extremely high. The conversion of lignin into chemicals is a much more complicated task in view of the complex nature of lignin. It was discovered that breakage of the most prevalent β‐O‐4 bond in lignin occurs not only via the well‐documented C3 pathway, but also via a C2 pathway, leading to the formation of highly reactive phenylacetaldehydes. These compounds went largely unnoticed as they immediately recondense on lignin. We have now found that it is possible to prevent this by converting these aldehydes in a tandem reaction, as they are formed. For this purpose, we have used three different methods: acetalisation, hydrogenation, and decarbonylation. These reactions were first established in the tandem reactions of model compounds, but subsequently, we were able to show that this works equally well on organosolv lignin and even on lignocellulose.
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Learned inequality: Racial labels in the biology curriculum can affect the development of racial prejudice
Authors: Donovan Brian M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFor over a century, genetic arguments for the existence of racial inequality have been used to oppose policies that promote social equality. And, over that same time period, American biology textbooks have repeatedly discussed genetic differences between races. This experiment tests whether racial terminology in the biology curriculum causes adolescents to develop genetic beliefs about racial difference, thereby affecting prejudice. Individual students (N = 135, grades 7–9) were randomly assigned within their classrooms to learn either from: (i) four text‐based lessons discussing racial differences in skeletal structure and the prevalence of genetic disease (racial condition); or (ii) an identical curriculum lacking racial terminology (nonracial condition). Over 3‐months that coincided with this learning, students in the racial condition grew significantly more in their perception of the amount of genetic variation between races relative to students in the nonracial condition. Furthermore, those in the racial condition grew in their belief that races differ in intelligence for genetic reasons significantly more than those in the nonracial condition. And, compared to the nonracial condition, students in the racial condition became significantly less interested in socializing across racial lines and less supportive of policies that reduce racial inequality in education. These findings show how biology education sustains racial inequality, and conversely, how human genetic variation education could be designed to reduce genetically based racism. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54: 379–411, 2017
Writing for the Screen
Authors: Batty Craig , Waldeback Zara 
Published: October 2016

This revised and refreshed edition guides the contemporary screenwriter through a variety of creative and critical approaches to a deeper understanding of how to tell stories for the screen. With a renewed focus on theme and structure, the book is an essential guide for writers, script developers and teachers to help develop ideas into rich dynamic projects, and craft compelling, resonating screenplays. Combining creative tools and approaches with critical and contextual underpinnings, the book is ideal for screenwriting students who are looking to expand their skills and reflect on practices to add greater depth to their scripts. It will also inspire experienced writers and developers to find fresh ways of working and consider how new technology is affecting storytelling voices. Comprehensive and engaging, this book considers key narrative questions of today and offers a range of exercises to address them.
Integrating creative guidance with rigorous scholarship, this is the perfect companion for undergraduate students taking courses in screenwriting. Encouraging and pragmatic, it will provide a wealth of inspiration for those wishing to work in the industry or deepen their study of the practice.
New to this Edition:
- Refreshed and revised edition to meet the demands of contemporary screenwriting
- New case studies, models, tools and approaches to writing for the screen
- Updated areas of industry practice, including web series, transmedia, VR and long-form storytelling
- Includes practical approaches and creative exercises that can be used in the classroom