bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of different statistical methods to estimate relative risk for self-reported health complaints among shoe factory workers exposed to organic solvents and plastic compounds
Authors: Nijem Khaldoun , Kristensen Petter , Al-Khatib Awni , Bjertness Espen 
Published: June 2016

Objectives : Prevalence odds ratio (POR) is commonly used as a surrogate for relative risk (RR) in crosssectional studies. When prevalences are high, POR may be a poor approximation for RR. Prevalence ratios (PRs) are more easily interpretable when evaluating exposure effects. Our objectives were to compare estimates of PRs and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using three different statistical methods on a real data set, furthermore, to report possible practical problems in applying the methods. Methods: Two statistical methods were compared: log-binomial regression and Cox regression. We examined selected high prevalence symptoms: headache, tingling of limbs, and breathing difficulty, and their association with solvent-exposed work tasks in 164 Hebron shoe factory workers. Results: The two methods estimated identical crude point PR estimates and quite similar adjusted estimates. CIs were wider in Cox regression than in log-binominal regression, as exemplified by adjusted estimates for the association between participation in cleaning tasks and tingling of limbs in log-binomial regression (PR=1.78; CI=1.25–2.54), Cox regression (PR=1.76; CI=1.01–3.06). When we used Cox regression with robust variance we obtained narrower CIs (PR=1.76; CI=1.19–2.60). In the log-binomial regression analysis we had to exclude a few subjects with a predicted risk exceeding one. Conclusions: Log-binomial regression is appropriate from a theoretical viewpoint. However, some individuals had a predicted risk larger than one, which caused the computation to abort. Cox regression could produce heavy ties when adjusted for confounders and yielded rather wide CIs, however, by using robust variance we will obtain narrow CIs. In conclusion, the two suggested methods have certain limitations and difficulties. However, Cox regression encountered less serious problems than in the other methods, and is also widely available.
Var manglende forståelse av tobakksepidemiens dynamikk en årsak til forsinket tobakksprevensjon?
Authors: Lund Karl Erik 
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGMens tobakksmotstanden i Norge i første halvdel av det 20. århundre mest var tuftet på moral med utgangspunkti et religiøst paradigme, kom det i løpet av perioden 1955-61 undersøkelser som ga det tobakksforebyggendearbeidet et sekulært vitenskapsbasert fundament. Den medisinske profesjon var imidlertid noe forbeholden til attobakk kunne representere en alvorlig trusel mot folkehelsen. Den avmålte og reserverte holdningen som førstble inntatt av legestanden må bli forstått i lys av manglende kvalitet på de tidligste epidemiologiske undersøkelsene,at legestanden på 1950-tallet selv hadde en meget høy andel røykere, og at mange leger - som høytutdannende og derfor ofte fordomsfrie mennesker - ønsket å distansere seg fra de religiøse avholdsmoralistenesom lenge hadde ledet det tobakksforebyggende arbeidet på et ikke-medisinsk grunnlag. Også fraværet av endypere innsikt i tobakksepidemiens egentlige natur (konfigurasjon) kunne være en årsak. Det spesielle tidsforholdetmellom eksposisjon og sykdomsutbrudd i epidemiens dynamikk - ofte kalt "delay-problemet" - var egnettil å forvirre legene og helsemyndighetene. For å forstå årsakene til datidens forvirring vil det bli presentert enfigur som viser ulike tidsvinduer i tobakksepidemiens forløp slik de blir skissert av Verdens helseorganisasjon.Lund KE. Was a lack of understanding of the dynamics of the tobacco epidemic a reason for delayedtobacco prevention? Nor J Epidemiol 1995; 5 (2): 107-113. ENGLISH SUMMARYIn the first half of the 20th century, the work against tobacco in Norway was based mainly on ethics and areligious paradigm. During the years 1955-61 several major epidemiological studies were publishedwhich provided a secular and scientific basis for tobacco prevention. However, the medical professionseemed to be sceptical about the claims that tobacco represented an important hazard to public health.The formal and reserved attitudes of the doctors should be viewed in the light of the allegedly poorscientific quality of the first epidemiological studies, the very high prevalence of smokers among doctorsthemselves in the 1950's, and the fact that many doctors - being highly educated and therefore oftenunprejudiced people - wished to distance themselves from the religious and fanatic anti-tobacco fighters.A fourth cause, which is focused in this article, may have been misinterpretation of the dynamics of thetobacco epidemic. The rather unusual relationship between exposure and disease in the tobacco epidemic- often called the delay problem - was liable to create confusion among doctors and health authorities. Tohelp understand the medical profession's state of confusion about the size of the tobacco and healthproblem, a figure will be presented demonstrating the different phases of the tobacco epidemic.
Thyroglossal Duct Carcinoma in a Cat
Authors: Moorer Jeremiah D. , Breshears Melanie A. , Dugat Danielle R. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTA 14 yr old castrated domestic shorthair cat presented for a fluid-filled structure in the ventral cervical region that had been present for 1 yr and had not resolved after repeated aspiration and drainage. Cervical computed tomography showed an approximately 10 cm, fluid-filled, multilobulated mass located on the ventrolateral right side of the cervical region extending into the thoracic inlet. Cytologic examination of the fluid revealed cystic fluid with evidence of chronic hemorrhage. The mass was surgically removed, and histopathologic examination revealed a thyroglossal duct carcinoma. Thyroid and parathyroid gland origin were ruled out by negative immunohistochemical staining for thyroglobulin, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and synaptophysin. No adjunctive treatment was performed and no recurrence was noted at 14 mo. Thyroglossal duct carcinoma has not been previously reported in a cat. There are two previous reports of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroglossal duct in dogs. In humans, with complete removal and no evidence of metastasis, carcinoma of the thyroglossal duct has a good prognosis for recovery.
Hypercalcemia in a Dog with Chronic Ingestion of Maxacalcitol Ointment
Authors: Nakamura Kensuke , Tohyama Nobuo , Yamasaki Masahiro , Ohta Hiroshi , Morishita Keitaro , Takiguchi Mitsuyoshi 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTA miniature dachshund male with severe azotemia of unknown cause was referred. Serum biochemistry revealed severe azotemia and hypercalcemia, but serum intact parathormone and parathormone-related protein were normal. Although the owner reported that the dog had never ingested any drugs or supplements, it was revealed that the owner's son used antipsoriatic ointment, maxacalcitol, which contained an active vitamin D3 analogue, daily and the dog often ate the son's dander and licked his skin, especially after he applied the maxacalcitol ointment. After the dog was insulated from the maxacalcitol ointment and the son as much as possible, the hypercalcemia and azotemia improved gradually and had mostly resolved at 3 mo. The dog has been generally free of clinical signs without any treatment for over 2 yr.
Fragmentation of the Medial Coronoid Process in Toy and Small Breed Dogs: 13 Elbows (2000–2012)
Authors: Hans Eric C. , Saunders W. Brian , Beale Brian S. , Hulse Don A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTFragmentation of the medial coronoid process (FCP) is an uncommon cause of thoracic limb lameness in toy and small breed dogs. Arthroscopic findings and treatment remains poorly described. The objective of this study was to describe the arthroscopic findings and short-term outcome following arthroscopic treatment in toy and small breed dogs with FCP. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Arthroscopic findings were available from 13 elbows (12 dogs). Outcome data ≥4 wk postoperatively were available for nine elbows. Owner satisfaction scores were available for 10 elbows. Common preoperative findings included lameness, elbow pain, and imaging abnormalities consistent with FCP. Displaced FCP was the most common FCP lesion identified. Cartilage lesions at the medial coronoid process were identified in 92.3% of elbows (n = 12), with a median Outerbridge score of 4 (range 1–5). Concurrent cartilage lesions of the medial humeral condyle were identified in 76.9% of elbows (n = 10). Seven of nine elbows had full or acceptable function postoperatively. Median owner outcome satisfaction was 91% (range 10–100). FCP should be considered a cause of thoracic limb lameness in toy and small breed dogs. Arthroscopy can be safely and effectively used to diagnose and treat FCP in these breeds.
Inflow Venous Occlusion for Intracardiac Resection of an Occluding Right Ventricular Tumor
Authors: Worley Deanna Rae , Orton E. Christopher , Kroner Kevin Thomas 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTUse of normothermic venous inflow occlusion enabled removal of an intracardiac tumor in a 4 yr old, 27 kg, spayed female Airedale terrier with a history of appendicular osteosarcoma and recent exertional syncope. Inflow venous occlusion via a median sternotomy thoracotomy without hypothermia was used to access the mineralized mass within the right ventricular outflow tract. Duration of circulatory arrest was 70 s for this beating heart surgery. A circumscribed intracardiac chondrosarcoma tumor was marginally resected in this dog, successfully alleviating exertional syncope and restoring a normal echogenic appearance of the right heart. Asymptomatic intracardiac chondrosarcoma recurrence and pulmonary metastasis was detected at 309 days and cardiopulmonary arrest occurred 372 days following intracardiac surgery. Use of inflow occlusion is a viable technique for select intracardiac tumors in dogs with preoperative planning.
Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy for Bromethalin Toxicity in a Dog
Authors: Heggem-Perry Brittany , McMichael Maureen , O'Brien Mauria , Moran Clara 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Bromethalin is a central nervous system toxin currently incorporated into several different rodenticides. In 2008, the EPA requested that manufacturers phase out second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides. In response, manufacturers began to increase production of bromethalin-based rodenticides. It is likely that pet exposure to bromethalin will increase in the future. Bromethalin has no known antidote and tends to deposit in fat. Intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) are being used with increasing frequency in both human and veterinary medicine to treat numerous acute systemic toxicities. A 4 yr old spayed female Pit bull terrier was presented following witnessed ingestion of bromethalin rodenticide by the owners. Decontamination was unsuccessful and ILE was started. Serum was frozen at −80°C before and 1 hr after completion of ILE. In rats, the half-life of desmethylbromethalin, the toxic metabolite, has been reported at 5.6 days and 6 days, and it is likely to be similar in dogs. The only intervention between the pre-lipid serum sample and the post-lipid serum sample was the administration of ILE, and the serum desmethylbromethalin levels were reduced by 75% (from 4 ppb to 1 ppb) during this time. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing treatment of bromethalin ingestion with ILE.
2016 AAHA Oncology Guidelines for Dogs and Cats*
Authors: Biller Barb , Berg John , Garrett Laura , Ruslander David , Wearing Richard , Abbott Bonnie , Patel Mithun , Smith Diana , Bryan Christine 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
All companion animal practices will be presented with oncology cases on a regular basis, making diagnosis and treatment of cancer an essential part of comprehensive primary care. Because each oncology case is medically unique, these guidelines recommend a patient-specific approach consisting of the following components: diagnosis, staging, therapeutic intervention, provisions for patient and personnel safety in handling chemotherapy agents, referral to an oncology specialty practice when appropriate, and a strong emphasis on client support. Determination of tumor type by histologic examination of a biopsy sample should be the basis for all subsequent steps in oncology case management. Diagnostic staging determines the extent of local disease and presence or absence of regional or distant metastasis. The choice of therapeutic modalities is based on tumor type, histologic grade, and stage, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and adjunctive therapies, such as nutritional support and pain management. These guidelines discuss the strict safety precautions that should be observed in handling chemotherapy agents, which are now commonly used in veterinary oncology. Because cancer is often a disease of older pets, the time of life when the pet–owner relationship is usually strongest, a satisfying outcome for all parties involved is highly dependent on good communication between the entire healthcare team and the client, particularly when death or euthanasia of the patient is being considered. These guidelines include comprehensive tables of common canine and feline cancers as a resource for case management and a sample case history.
Variation of plasma parameters of vacuum arc column with gap distance
Authors: Han Wen , Yuan Zhao , He Junjia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
On the basis of a two-dimensional (2D) magneto-hydrodynamic model, we studied long-gap-distance vacuum arcs in a uniform axial magnetic field and determined the effect of gap distance varying in a large range on plasma parameters. Simulation results showed that with increasing gap distance, the parameters of the plasma near the cathode are almost invariant, except for ion number density, but the parameters of the plasma in front of the anode clearly vary; meanwhile, joule heat gradually becomes the main source of energy for the arc column. In a short gap, a clear current constriction can be found in the entire arc column. Whereas when the gap distance exceeds a certain value, a sharp contraction of the current only arises in front of the anode.
Microstructural and geochemical constraints on the evolution of deep arc lithosphere
Authors: Chin Emily J. , Soustelle Vincent , Hirth Greg , Saal Alberto E. , Kruckenberg Seth C. , Eiler John M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMantle xenoliths from the Sierra Nevada, California, USA, sampled a vertical column (60–120 km) of lithosphere that formed during Mesozoic continental arc magmatism. This lithosphere experienced an anticlockwise P‐T‐t path resulting in rapid cooling that effectively “quenched in” features inherited from earlier high‐temperature conditions. Here we combine new mineral chemistry data (water, trace element, and major element concentrations) with mineral crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) to investigate the relationship between melt infiltration and deformation. The peridotites record a refertilization trend with increasing depth, starting from shallow, coarse‐protogranular, less‐melt‐infiltrated spinel peridotite with strong, orthorhombic olivine CPO to deep, fine‐porphyroclastic, highly melt‐infiltrated garnet peridotite with weak, axial‐[010] olivine CPO. In contrast to the observed axial‐[010] CPOs, subgrain boundary orientations and misorientation axes suggest the dominant activation of the (001)[100] slip system, suggesting deformation under moderately hydrous conditions. After accounting for effects of subsolidus cooling, we see coherent trends between mineral trace element abundance and water content, indicating that melt infiltration led to an increase in water content of the peridotites. However, measured olivine and pyroxene water contents in all peridotites (5–10 and 30–500 wt ppm, respectively) are lower than that required to promote dominant (001)[100] slip system observed in both natural and experimental samples. These results suggest that deformation occurred earlier along the P‐T path, probably during or shortly after hydrous melt infiltration. Subsequent rapid cooling at 90 Ma led to water loss from olivine (owing to decreased solubility at low temperature), leaving behind a deep arc lithosphere that remained viscously coupled to the Farallon slab until the opening of the slab window in the late Cenozoic.
Time series of temperature in Fram Strait determined from the 2008–2009 DAMOCLES acoustic tomography measurements and an ocean model
Authors: Sagen Hanne , Dushaw Brian D. , Skarsoulis Emmanuel K. , Dumont Dany , Dzieciuch Matthew A. , Beszczynska‐Möller Agnieszka 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA pilot acoustic tomography program in Fram Strait during 2008–2009 measured a year‐long record of acoustic travel times along a 130 km range acoustic path crossing the West Spitsbergen Current. Individual ray arrivals were not observed. Rather, the arrival patterns consisted of a single, stable, broad arrival pulse of about 100 ms duration. Travel time variations of ±0.15 s recorded the vigorous mesoscale environment of the region and the seasonal cycle. To estimate ocean temperature from the tomography data an inverse scheme employed a high‐resolution ocean model for Fram Strait as the reference ocean. The information from the tomographic measurements is primarily average temperature. Estimated temperatures, averaged over 0–1000 m depth and over range, had a mean of 1.11°C and variations of ±0.33°C; the uncertainty of the tomography estimates was about 60m°C. Agreement with an alternate inverse approach based on EOFs and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo inversion scheme relying on a matched‐peak approach was excellent, indicating a robust estimate for ocean temperature. The inverse estimates for average temperature agreed with the equivalent estimates from hydrographic sections obtained along the acoustic path at the start and end of the program. Among other deficiencies, the ocean model greatly underestimated the intensity of the mesoscale fluctuations and exhibited a warm bias of about 0.38°C in section‐averaged temperature. Tomographic measurements in Fram Strait offer unique large‐scale temperature constraints for ocean models through data assimilation. It is anticipated that these constraints will lead to more accurate estimates of the circulation and transports in Fram Strait.
No significant increase in long‐term CH4 emissions on North Slope of Alaska despite significant increase in air temperature
Authors: Sweeney Colm , Dlugokencky Edward , Miller Charles E. , Wofsy Steven , Karion Anna , Dinardo Steve , Chang Rachel Y.‐W. , Miller John B. , Bruhwiler Lori , Crotwell Andrew M. , Newberger Tim , McKain Kathryn , Stone Robert S. , Wolter Sonja E. , Lang Patricia E. , Tans Pieter 
Published: June 2016

AbstractContinuous measurements of atmospheric methane (CH4) mole fractions measured by NOAA's Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network in Barrow, AK (BRW), show strong enhancements above background values when winds come from the land sector from July to December from 1986 to 2015, indicating that emissions from arctic tundra continue through autumn and into early winter. Twenty‐nine years of measurements show little change in seasonal mean land sector CH4 enhancements, despite an increase in annual mean temperatures of 1.2 ± 0.8°C/decade (2σ). The record does reveal small increases in CH4 enhancements in November and December after 2010 due to increased late‐season emissions. The lack of significant long‐term trends suggests that more complex biogeochemical processes are counteracting the observed short‐term (monthly) temperature sensitivity of 5.0 ± 3.6 ppb CH4/°C. Our results suggest that even the observed short‐term temperature sensitivity from the Arctic will have little impact on the global atmospheric CH4 budget in the long term if future trajectories evolve with the same temperature sensitivity.
Evidence of underground electric current generation during the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake: Real or instrumental?
Authors: Masci F. , Thomas J. N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe investigate magnetic effects in correspondence of the Mw6.1 L'Aquila earthquake. Magnetic and seismic records are analyzed. Rapid and distinct changes and an offset can be seen in magnetic field components after the main shock. We show that these effects result from electromagnetic induction due to the movement of the sensors through the Earth's magnetic field and from a permanent displacement of the sensors from their original position caused by the passing seismic waves. A transient signal in total field data from an overhauser magnetometer apparently occurs in correspondence with the earthquake. Our analysis shows that the transient was not observed by other sensors that were operating in close proximity to the overhauser. Thus, the transient signal in the total magnetic field data, and the offset in the magnetic field components, cannot be associated with a hypothetical underground electric current generated by the earthquake, as suggested by Nenovski (2015).
Crustal structure beneath the Blue Mountains terranes and cratonic North America, eastern Oregon, and Idaho, from teleseismic receiver functions
Authors: Christian Stanciu A. , Russo Raymond M. , Mocanu Victor I. , Bremner Paul M. , Hongsresawat Sutatcha , Torpey Megan E. , VanDecar John C. , Foster David A. , Hole John A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present new images of lithospheric structure obtained from P‐to‐S conversions defined by receiver functions at the 85 broadband seismic stations of the EarthScope IDaho‐ORegon experiment. We resolve the crustal thickness beneath the Blue Mountains province and the former western margin of cratonic North America, the geometry of the western Idaho shear zone (WISZ), and the boundary between the Grouse Creek and Farmington provinces. We calculated P‐to‐S receiver functions using the iterative time domain deconvolution method, and we used the H‐k grid search method and common conversion point stacking to image the lithospheric structure. Moho depths beneath the Blue Mountains terranes range from 24 to 34 km, whereas the crust is 32–40 km thick beneath the Idaho batholith and the regions of extended crust of east‐central Idaho. The Blue Mountains group Olds Ferry terrane is characterized by the thinnest crust in the study area, ~24 km thick. There is a clear break in the continuity of the Moho across the WISZ, with depths increasing from 28 km west of the shear zone to 36 km just east of its surface expression. The presence of a strong midcrustal converting interface at ~18 km depth beneath the Idaho batholith extending ~20 km east of the WISZ indicates tectonic wedging in this region. A north striking ~7 km offset in Moho depth, thinning to the east, is present beneath the Lost River Range and Pahsimeroi Valley; we identify this sharp offset as the boundary that juxtaposes the Archean Grouse Creek block with the Paleoproterozoic Farmington zone.