bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of MyoRing implantation with corneal collagen cross‐linking in different combination for keratoconus treatment
Authors: Kazakbaeva G. , Bikbov M. , Usubov E. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo compare outcomes of intrastromal ring (MyoRing, DIOPTEX GmBH, Linz, Austria) implantation with corneal collagen cross‐linking in different combinations for progressive keratoconus (KC).MethodsThe MyoRing implantation with simultaneous CXL was performed in 15 patients (16 eyes)—1 group, MyoRing implantation followed by CXL was performed in 19 patients (23 eyes)‐2d group. At 26 patients (32 eyes) ‐3d group CXL was performed 6–24 months prior to MyoRing implantation. The mean follow‐up was 12 months.ResultsIn the first group the UCVA improved from 0.08 ± 0.05 to 0.35 ± 0.24. SE decreased from −7.86 ± 4.52 D to −0.25 ± 2.82 D. The mean K value reduced from 52.18 ± 5.70 D to 44.29 D ± 5.77 D (p < 0.005).In the second group the UDVA improved from 0.11 ± 0.07 to 0.41 ± 0.16. The mean K value decreased from 49.54 ± 3.73 D to 40.27 ± 4.41D. SE changed from −8.37 ± 3.61 to 0.51 D ± 3.19 (p < 0.005).In the third group the UCVA improved from 0.10 ± 0.05 to 0.40 ± 0.25. SE decreased from −6.88 ± 2.63 D to −0.79 ± 2.29 D. The mean K value reduced from 50.95 ± 5.31 D to 43.92 D ± 6.63 D (p < 0.005).ConclusionsVisual and refractive outcomes didn't show significant difference in all groups. Refractive and keratometric stability was archived using three methods. The larger number of cases need to be examined to estimate long‐standing results.
Enhanced visualization of retinal vasculature in fundus images through image processing
Authors: Kim Y.T. , Choi S.H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo develop a digital filter that enhances visualization of retinal blood vessels.MethodsFour‐hundred 24‐bit color fundus images were analyzed and properties of red, green, and blue channels were extracted. Then, using hemoglobin absorption coefficients, the relevant weights for gray‐scale conversion that emphasizes retinal vessels were calculated. To evaluate images, edges were detected via convolutional 2D Laplacian kernel from the processed images, and the number of edges, number of effective edges, and sum of intensities of edges were evaluated.ResultsThe values of weights for red, green, and blue channels were calculated to be −0.0572, 0.7335, and 2.2079, respectively. When comparing the images that were processed using the new digital filter based on these values with the original image, gray‐scale, green, red, blue, and green and blue digital filter images, the number of edges, effective edges, and sum of intensities of edges were all found to be significantly higher in the images processed with the new filter (P < 10–16).ConclusionsThe RGB filter developed here was based on actual fundus images. The hemoglobin absorbance reinforced the edges of retinal blood vessels, verifying that the new RGB filter can enhance the visualization of retinal vasculature.
Trial study to automatically distinguish small haemorrhages in early diabetic retinopathy from image artefacts
Authors: Suzuki N. , Yamane K. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe L*u*v* colour space presented optimal results, with the highest sensitivity and best reproducibility, among RGB, XYZ, CMY, HSL, HSV, HSI and L*a*b* colour spaces. Therefore, we employed three‐dimensional analysis of L*u*v* colour spaces to detect early diabetic retinopathy.MethodsSix patients with small haemorrhages were evaluated using fundus photography, which revealed image artefacts in the fundi of some patients. We constructed an experimental device similar to the optical system of a fundus camera and created artificial eyes of the fundus, which were painted with five different colours: rose, coffee, red, orange and yellow. The image artefacts were photographed under each artificial eye using the experimental device. In addition, the following eight types of specimen were used: a dust particle, wool, a piece of paper, a wood chip, cotton, a grey hair, a drop of water and a piece of plastic bag. All images were analysed using Scilab 5.4.0 and SIVP 0.5.3 softwares.ResultsWe constructed an algorithm to calculate the difference between the averages of the central and circumference areas. In all image artefacts, L*u*v* colour spaces was highly sensitive: L* values were 2.8–8.5, u* values were 3.8–21 and v* values were 4.2–10.1.ConclusionsWe succeeded in automatically distinguishing small haemorrhages in early diabetic retinopathy from image artefacts.
Description of the retinal vascular network by semi‐automated computer software (SIVA) in the MONTRACHET study
Authors: Arnould L. , Binquet C. , Guenancia C. , Alassane S. , Kawasaki R. , Daien V. , Helmer C. , Tzourio C. , Bron A.M. , Creuzot‐Garcher C. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe aim of this study was to identify retinal vascular network patterns using semi‐automated software in an elderly population over 75 years in a population‐based study, the MONTRACHET (Maculopathy Optic Nerve nuTRition neurovAsCular and HEarT diseases) study.MethodsIn 2009–2011, participants from the 3 Cities Study living in Dijon, were proposed to take part in the MONTRACHET study with a complete eye examination. During these exams, color retinal photographs were performed (centered on the optic disc). Semi‐automated software (Singapore Institute Vessel Assessment: SIVA) was used in order to describe the retinal vascular network of subjects with a photograph of sufficient quality. All subjects with epiretinal membranes and vascular pathology were excluded. Fifty‐four geometric features such as fractal dimension, diameter, tortuosity and branching angle were systematically collected. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify independent patterns.ResultsOverall, 1,067 photographs were reviewed with SIVA software among the 1,153 participants of the MONTRACHET study. The mean age was 79.8 ± 3.8 years and 62.7% were female. After PCA processing, we extracted 3 vascular patterns summarizing 41% of the retinal vascular network information. The first pattern corresponded to a lower density in the vascular network as well as a higher variability in the vascular width (29% of the total variability). The second pattern was highly correlated to large vessels diameters and width. The third pattern matched to an increased tortuosity.ConclusionsIn this preliminary study, three vascular patterns were identified: decreased vascular density and heterogeneous network, increased vessels diameter and tortuosity. The next step of this study is to identify associations between these patterns and cardiovascular diseases in this population‐based study.
Effectiveness of platelet‐rich plasma treatment in patients with chronic corneal erosions, associated with Herpetic keratitis
Authors: Loshkareva A. , Maychuk D. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose3 courses of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) instillations were investigated for their effect on corneal epithelialization, in cases, associated with Herpetic keratitisMethodsThe study involved 21 patients with chronical corneal erosions of Herpetic keratitis origin. Etiology was confirmed by immunosorbent immunoglobulins M, G assay for Herpes Simplex Virus 1,2, Cytomegalovirus and Virus Epstein ‐ Barrie. All patients had previous unsuccessful courses of reparative therapy. First step of treatment consist of local and systemic antiviral therapy (Gancyclovir eye gel 0.15% and Valcyclovir). After the antiviral therapy, common volume 15 ml. of blood, taken from patients cubital vein, was mixed with anticoagulant (Sodium citrate with Dextrosa), and undergone a double centrifugation for 4 min. at 3,500 rpm. Patients were receiving: PRP instillations 6 times a day in combination with subconjunctival injection ones a week, Sulfated glicosaminoglicans 0.01% 4 times a day, Dexpanthenol 5% 4 times a day. Course of treatment was 3 weeks, procedure of obtaining PRP was performed 1 time per week. Dynamic of the treatment was assessed by Efron scale (cornea fluorescein coloring at 5 sectors in points). The patient's condition before therapy was used as a control.ResultsThe average index of the corneal lesion before treatment was 9.7 points. After the 1st and 2nd procedure average lesion index was 8.2 and 5.9 points respectively. After 3 weeks, complete epithelization was observed in 12 patients. In 6 patients a gradual disappearance of the epithelial defects was shown after 5–6 courses. 3 patients did not respond to the treatment.ConclusionsPRP treatment showed positive dynamic in cases of previously unsuccessfully treated chronical corneal erosion.
Ocular tolerance in rabbits of intracameral administration of MYDRANE, a fixed combination of tropicamide, phenylephrine, and lidocaine for cataract surgery
Authors: Olmiere C. , Viaud‐Quentric K. 
Published: September 2016

PurposePreclinical studies have been done to evaluate the ocular tolerance of MYDRANE (tropicamide 0.02%, phenylephrine 0.31% and lidocaïne 1%) after a single intracameral (IC) injection in rabbits.Methods60 pigmented rabbits were divided in 3 groups of 10 animals by injection volume (100 or 200 μl of MYDRANE or 0.9% NaCl). One group injected with MYDRANE and the group injected with NaCl had their anterior chamber rinsed with NaCl, 1 min after IC injection. This wash was not performed for the second MYDRANE‐group in order to extend the presence of the product in the anterior chamber well beyond what is expected in clinical use. Animals were held in observation for 7 days. The following evaluations were performed: general tolerance, slit‐lamp observations, laser flare, cornea thickness, cell density of the corneal endothelium, electroretinography. After euthanasia, eyes were sampled for histology.ResultsMYDRANE was very well tolerated with or without rinsing. Very slight conjunctival effects were observed for 3 or 4 animals from groups after 200 μl‐injection and very slight corneal vascularization was observed for one animal from NaCl‐group. Inflammation in the anterior chamber was mainly observed in the eyes who were rinsed and this inflammation decreased in the course of time. Iris, fundus and lens were normal, except for 4 animals in whom a needle impact was observed on the lens, probably due to rinsing. In addition, whatever the group, cornea thickness, endothelium cell density, electroretinography parameters and ocular histology were not affected.ConclusionsFollowing IC injection of 100 or 200 μl of MYDRANE, which is the maximal injectable volume in rabbits, the ocular tolerance of MYDRANE was very good for 7 days and the ocular effects observed were attributed mainly to the method of injection and to the rinsing.
Tree years outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction: mild to moderate myopia versus high myopia
Authors: Kim J.R. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the refractive outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in high‐myopic patients with those of mild‐ to moderate‐myopic patients: 3 years follow upMethodsThis study included 212 eyes of 106 myopic patients treated with SMILE using a VisuMax 500‐kHz femtosecond laser. Treated eyes were divided into two groups, according to the preoperative spherical equivalent (SE): mild to moderate myopia (A group, <‐6.0 D) and high myopia (B group, ≥ −6.0 D). Follow‐up visits were at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. The outcome measures included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best‐corrected distance visual acuity (BDVA), postoperative SE, efficacy index, safety index, and predictability.ResultsPreoperative SE was −4.75 ± 0.62 D in the A group and −7.91 ± 0.94 D in the B group. No differences were observed between −0.17 ± 0.33 D in the A group and −0.22 ± 0.29 D in the B group 36 months postoperatively (p = 0.35). At 36 months postoperatively, 91.2 and 82.5% had an UDVA of 20/20 or better in the A and B groups, respectively. In the A group, 88.1 and 97.9% were within ±0.5 D and ±1.0 D, respectively, of the intended correction; in the B group, 86.0 and 97.5% were within ±0.5 D and ±1.0 D, respectively. The efficacy index was 1.04 ± 0.19 in the A group and 1.00 ± 0.17 in the B group. The safety index was 1.25 ± 0.14 for the A group and 1.23 ± 0.15 for the B group. The efficacy and safety index were not significantly different between the two groups 36 months postoperatively (p = 0.201 and p = 0.267, respectively).ConclusionsThis long‐term followed up study showed that SMILE is effective and safe for correcting high myopia, as well as mild to moderate myopia.
Retinal microcysts associated with optic atrophy in children – visual electrophysiology studies
Authors: Thompson D. , Henderson R. , Moore W. , Liasis A. , Keenan J. , Bowman R. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeRetinal microcysts have been described in adults with chronic or advanced optic atrophy of different aetiologies. We report microcysts in 4 children with visual electrophysiological evidence of optic atrophy.MethodsVisual electrophysiological investigation of 4 children with unexplained poor vision was carried out using flash and pattern ERGs and VEPs. SPECTRALIS® OCT images were taken. Case 1 aged 12 years logMAR VA 0.3, 0.5 was referred to investigate a suspected maculopathy as Ishihara colour vision was also reduced. The discs were described as full and consistent with bilateral drusen. Case 2 aged 4 years LogMAR VA 0.8 R&L had presented in infancy with a strabismus, and had been patched with no improvement. His hearing was also being investigated. Case 3 aged 16 years LogMAR VA BEO 0.54 R&L, was born prematurely, 32/40 weeks, and his discs were described as slightly small. Case 4 LogMAR VA 0.24, 0.1 diagnosed with ADHD presented aged 12 years with headaches. His discs were described as ‘unusual’.ResultsIn all cases flash ERG b: a amplitude ratios were normal, whilst pattern and flash VEPs showed marked dysfunction of macular and generalised pathways. PERG N95 components were subnormal in two cases tested. In all cases RNFL was thinned and OCT showed schitic changes in the inner nuclear layer of the maculae. The markedly abnormal pVEP and fVEPs contrasted with the preserved foveal architecture and indicated schisis was not a primary cause of poor vision. MRI scans were normal in cases 1–3 and genetic results for DOA and mitochondrial disorders are awaited. Case 4 has a heterozygous mutation of FGFR2.ConclusionsOur findings show that retinal microcysts associated with optic atrophy can occur as early as 4 years of age and highlight the value of visual electrophysiology in the differential diagnosis of subnormal vision of children.
An investigation of the correlation between functional and structural changes in tilted and non‐tilted high myopic eyes
Authors: Ehsaei A. , Moghadas Sharif N. , Shoeibi N. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTilted optic disc, a common finding in high myopic eyes, may affect visual field. Since the retinal defects often precede the visual field defects so evaluation of retinal layers thicknesses provide detailed information about the retina that may help us in earlier detection of pathologic changes in high myopic eyes. The aim of current study is the investigation of the correlation between functional and structural changes in tilted and non‐tilted high myopic eyes.MethodsFifty eight high myopic individuals were underwent detailed ophthalmic examination and divided into two groups according to the presence of the tilted optic disc. Correlation between visual field and retinal layers thicknesses in 20 patients (mean age of 28.95±7.22 years) with tilted optic disc were compared with 38 patients (mean age of 27.87 ± 6.08 years) without tilted disc using 30‐2 SITA standard program with Humphrey Field Analyzer – HFA II‐i and optical coherence tomography, respectively. Correlation of functional and structural findings was evaluated in 10 central degrees in four matched quadrants.ResultsAlthough there was a relative correlation between structural and functional tests in all quadrants but the most significant correlation was related to the nasal threshold sensitivity and temporal total average thickness in tilted group. (r = −0.55) The results showed that with decreasing the visual field sensitivity, the ganglion cell layer thickness decreased but retinal nerve fibres layer thickness increased in some quadrants.ConclusionsThe results showed relative correlation between structural and functional tests but the structural findings presented the defects earlier than functional findings. Therefore, the structural investigation in tilted myopic eyes suspected to visual field defect is recommended.
LACTATE: a valuable energy substrate in maintaining survival and function in the inner retina
Authors: Vohra R. , Skytt D.M. , Bergersen L.H. , Kolko M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of lactate on Müller cell and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and function.MethodsThe human Müller cell line MIO‐M1 was incubated in media with the presence and absence of 6 mM glucose and furthermore with the presence and absence of respectively 10 mM and 20 mM l‐lactate for 2 and 24 h. Same conditions were used in primary mice Müller cells and RGC. Cell survival was assessed through MTT. Müller cell function was evaluated through the Müller cells’ ability to take up glutamate.ResultsBoth 10 mM and 20 mM l‐Lactate increased cell survival after 2 and 24 h with and without the presence of glucose. After 24 h only 20 mM increased cell survival in Müller cells incubated in media containing glucose. Glutamate uptake increased in glucose restricted Müller cells compared to cells with glucose availability. The addition of lactate to the incubation media decreased the uptake in both glucose supplemented and restricted cells. After 24 h this effect was altered resulting in increased glutamate uptake in response to 10 mM l‐Lactate.ConclusionsWe hereby verify lactate as being an important energy substrate for the survival of Müller cells both in the presence and absence of glucose. Furthermore, our study indicates that Müller cells prefer lactate as an energy substrate compared to glutamate after 2 h, however after 24 h the energy substrate requirement enhances resulting in a compensatory increase in glutamate uptake.
Ex‐vivo porcine corneal storage using an innovative bioreactor
Authors: Crouzet E. , Guindolet D. , He Z. , Perrache C. , Forest F. , Herbepin P. , Gain P. , Gabison E. , Thuret G. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThere is no animal model of medium‐term corneal storage. Unlike humans, animal corneas rapidly and dramatically swell and lose their transparency, suggesting that the passive eye banking technique is not adapted. Moreover, immersion in standard organ culture (stdOC) medium is not fully adapted for epithelial maintenance. Aim: To reproduce physiological parameters to improve storage of animal corneas.MethodsWe designed a bioreactor (BR) that reproduces the intraocular pressure in the endothelial chamber while allowing renewing of the medium. We mimic blinking in the epithelial chamber, with an air‐lifting system. Forty‐one porcine corneas were stored either in the BR with 20 mmHg in the endothelial chamber, or in stdOC vials at 31°C for 7 days. Endothelial viability, endothelial cell density (ECD) were assessed after labeling with Hoechst‐Ethidium‐Calcein. Transparency was assessed with a custom‐made device and thickness by OCT. Limbus and central epithelial integrity was assessed using immunostaining of stem cells and differentiation markers.ResultsIn stdOC, corneas were edematous (2,878 ± 623 μm), had reduced endothelial viability (44 ± 16%), and lost most of the epithelial layers. In the BR, they were thinner (1,274 ± 154 μm), had better endothelial viability (94 ± 3%) and their epithelium was multilayered and mature. The epithelial stem cells seemed preserved.ConclusionsThe porcine version of BR mimics physiological conditions and improves corneal storage. It could be a new model of eye banking and a powerful experimental platform to study corneal physiopathology.
A new method of exophthalmometry
Authors: Afanasyeva D. , Gushchina M. , Borzenok S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeHertel's exophthalmometer measures the position of the eyeball in relation to the lateral orbital rims and does not provide representative results in patients with orbital asymmetry. The purpose of our study was to develop an easy‐to‐use, accurate and reliable method of exophthalmometry in patients with orbital asymmetry and compare its potential with Hertel's exophthalmometer.MethodsWe performed the retrospective study of computerized axial tomography scans and ambulatory medical records of 30 patients: 7 patients with intact lateral orbital wall (group 1), 23 patients with its fracture (group 2). The scans were evaluated with RadiAnt DICOM Viewer software. With tools of the software we drew a straight line through the apices of styloid processeses of temporal bone. This line served as a reference line for all further measurements. On the image, where the cornea of the first eyeball was the most prominent, we constructed a perpendicular to the most prominent point of the cornea. In the same way, the distance from the most prominent point of cornea to the reference line was measured for the second eye. The difference between the lengths of two perpendiculars corresponded to the difference of protrusion between two eyes. The data of our method of computer exophthalmometry were compared with the results obtained with Hertel's exophthalmometer specified in the ambulatory medical records.ResultsIn patients of group 1 differences of protrusion between two eyes measured with two methods were similar. In contrary to the Hertel's exophthalmometer, the computer exophthalmometry showed reliable results in patients of group 2.ConclusionsThe developed method of computered exophthalmometry is easy‐to‐use and allows getting accurate and reliable data even in patients with different abnormalities of orbital area, in contrary to the Hertel's exophthalmometer.
Factors determining the prelaminar tissue thickness in glaucoma
Authors: Rebolleda G. , Diez Alvarez L. , Casas LLera P. , Cabarga C. , De Juan V. , Muñoz‐Negrete F.J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo identify demographic, anatomic and functional factors associated withthe prelaminar tissue thickness (PTT) and LC (thickness and depth) in primaryopen angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsCross‐sectional study including 60 patients with POAG.The optic nerve head was imaged usingthe enhanced depth imaging (EDI) technology of Spectralis optical coherencetomography (OCT). The vertical distances from three equidistant points on thereference line (Bruch's membrane opening) to the anterior prelaminar tissuesurface and the anterior and posterior surfaces of the LC were manually measured.Analyzed factors associated with the PTT and LC thickness and depth includedage, central corneal thickness, axial length (AL), intraocular pressure (IOP),rim and disc areas (OCT‐Cirrus), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) averagethickness (OCT‐Spectralis), ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) average thickness (OCT‐Cirrus) and meandeviation (MD) in visual field.ResultsSignificantassociations were found between the PTT and age (−0.317; p = 0.014), disc and rim areas (−0.544; p = 0.005 and 0.772; p < 0.001respectively), BMO diameter (−0.332; p = 0.01), RNFL and GCIPL average thickness (0.642; p < 0.001 and 0.663; p < 0.001, respectively) and MD (0.584; p < 0.001). LC depth correlated with age (−0.267; p = 0.041), rim area (−0.466; p = 0.019) and cup depth (0.849; p < 0.001). A negative association wasalso demonstrated between AL and LC thickness (−0.53; p = 0.01). As expected, MDwas significantly correlated with cup depth.ConclusionsTheprelaminar tissue thickness was inversely correlated with age, anatomic (RNFL, CGIPL, disc and rim areas, BMO) and functional parameters (MD) in patients withPOAG, so that it can be considered together the LC a relevant structure in thepathophysiology of glaucoma.