bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Mechanism of Orthotic Devices to Unload Metatarsal Heads in People With Diabetes and a History of Plantar Ulcers
Authors: Mueller Michael J , Lott Donovan J , Hastings Mary K , Commean Paul K , Smith Kirk E , Pilgram Thomas K 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background and Purpose. Total-contact inserts (TCIs) and metatarsal pads (MPs) frequently are prescribed to reduce excessive plantar stresses to help prevent skin breakdown in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral neuropathy. The first purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a TCI and an MP on metatarsal head peak plantar pressures (PPP) and pressure-time integrals (PTI). The second purpose of this study was to determine a possible mechanism of pressure reduction by measuring contact area and loaded soft-tissue thickness (STT) under the metatarsal heads and second metatarsal shaft. Subjects. Twenty subjects (12 men and 8 women; age [mean±SD]=57±9 years) with DM (duration [mean±SD]=16±11 years), peripheral neuropathy, and a history of plantar ulcers participated. Methods. A repeated-measures research design was used, and outcome measures are reported for 3 footwear conditions: shoe, shoe with TCI, and shoe with TCI and MP. In-shoe plantar pressures were collected during walking and during spiral x-ray computed tomography (SXCT). The STT and identification of the pressure sensor and location of the MP in relationship to the metatarsal heads were determined by use of SXCT. Results. The PPP and the PTI were 16% to 24% lower at the metatarsal heads in the TCI condition than in the shoe condition. The PPP and the PTI decreased an additional 15% to 28% (for a total reduction of 29% to 47%) with the addition of the MP. The contact area increased 27% with the TCI but not with the MP. The STT did not increase under the metatarsal heads in the TCI condition (compared with the shoe condition) but did increase 8% to 22% at metatarsal heads 2 to 5 with the addition of the MP. The PPP increased substantially (308%) and the STT decreased 14% under the shaft of the second metatarsal with the addition of the MP to the TCI-plus-shoe condition. Discussion and Conclusion. The TCI and the MP caused substantial and additive reductions of pressures under the metatarsal heads. The TCI reduces excessive pressures at the metatarsal heads by increasing the contact area of weight-bearing forces. Conversely, the MP acts by compressing the soft tissues proximal to the metatarsal heads and relieving compression at the metatarsal heads. These findings can assist in the design of effective orthotic devices to relieve excessive plantar stresses that contribute to skin breakdown and subsequent amputation in people with DM and peripheral neuropathy. [Mueller MJ, Lott DJ, Hastings MK, et al. Efficacy and mechanism of orthotic devices to unload metatarsal heads in people with diabetes and a history of plantar ulcers. Phys Ther. 2006;86:833–842.]
Can Low Back Loading During Lifting Be Reduced by Placing One Leg Beside the Object to Be Lifted?
Authors: Kingma Idsart , Faber Gert S , Bakker Anja JM , van Dieën Jaap H 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Lifting technique could, through its effect on low back loading, affect the risk of developing low back pain. In this study, 2 lifting techniques (a straddle technique and a 1-leg kneeling technique), which aimed to reduce low back loading by placing one leg beside a load, were compared with stoop lifting and squat lifting with respect to their effect on low back loading. Subjects. Twelve men with no history of low back pain participated in the study. Methods. The subjects lifted wide and narrow 20-kg boxes from 2 initial hand heights. With measured kinematics, ground reaction forces, and electromyography, 3-dimensional spinal forces were calculated. Results. When the subjects lifted a narrow box from a 290-mm height, peak L5–S1 compression forces were 5,060 (SD=827), 3,980 (SD=701), 4,208 (SD=762), and 4,719 (SD=1,015) N for the stoop, squat, straddle, and kneeling techniques, respectively. When the subjects lifted a wide box from 50 mm, spinal compression forces were much higher and distributed differently over lifting techniques: 5,926 (SD=610), 6,868 (SD=924), 6,472 (SD=1,042), and 6,064 (SD=968) N, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion. The authors conclude that no single lifting technique can be advised for all lifting conditions.
Reprint—Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Authors: Moher David , Liberati Alessandro , Tetzlaff Jennifer , Altman Douglas G. ,   and the PRISMA Group
Published: February 2017

Editor's Note: PTJ's Editorial Board has adopted PRISMA to help PTJ better communicate research to physical therapists. For more, read Chris Maher's editorial starting on page 870.
Membership of the PRISMA Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.
This article has been reprinted with permission from the Annals of Internal Medicine from Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. Ann Intern Med. Available at: http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/151/4/264. The authors jointly hold copyright of this article. This article has also been published in PLoS Medicine, BMJ, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, and Open Medicine.
Copyright © 2009 Moher et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Comparability of Sleep Disorders Diagnoses Using DSM-IV and ICSD Classifications with Adolescents
Authors: Ohayon Maurice M. , Roberts Robert E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Study Objectives
The use of diagnostic classifications to define sleep disorders is still unusual in epidemiological studies assessing the prevalence of sleep disorders in an adolescent population.

Design
Cross-sectional study. Representative samples of general populations in United Kingdom, Germany and Italy were selected and interviewed by telephone about their sleep habits, sleep and mental disorder diagnoses. Overall, 724 adolescents ages 15–18 years and 1447 young adults ages 19 to 24 years were interviewed. ICSD-90 and DSM-IV diagnoses provided by the Sleep-EVAL expert system were used for the comparisons.

Setting
N/A

Participants
N/A

Interventions
N/A

Measurements and Results
8% of the adolescents and 12.6% of the young adults had ICSD dyssomnia or sleep disturbances associated with a mental disorder. According to the DSM-IV classification, 5.7% of the adolescents and 8.1% of the young adults had a dyssomnia diagnosis. The comparison between the two classifications show that 73.2% of adolescents and young adults with a DSM-IV dyssomnia diagnosis also had similar ICSD diagnosis. The reverse comparison, ICSD vs. DSM-IV, shows that 39.8% of the subjects with an ICSD diagnosis had a DSM-IV diagnosis. DSM-IV primary insomnia was the most frequent diagnosis. Subjects with such a diagnosis were found in about 10 different ICSD diagnoses, mainly inadequate sleep hygiene, psychophysiological or idiopathic insomnia and insufficient sleep syndrome.

Conclusions
ICSD-90 classification provided higher prevalence of sleep disorder diagnoses than the DSM-IV classification. In adolescents and young adults, DSM-IV primary insomnia is two times more often associated with ICSD inadequate sleep hygiene than with ICSD psychophysiological or idiopathic insomnia.
Which Memory Processes are Affected in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea? An Evaluation of 3 Types of Memory
Authors: Naëgelé Bernadette , Launois Sandrine H. , Mazza Stéphanie , Feuerstein Claude , Pépin Jean-Louis , Lévy Patrick 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Study Objective:
To investigate which memory processes are affected by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Design:
Three separate memory systems were investigated in patients with OSA and normal subjects. Verbal episodic memory was tested after forced encoding, in order to control the level of attention during item presentation; procedural memory was tested using a simplified version of a standard test with an interfering task; lastly, working memory was examined with validated paradigms based on a theoretical model.

Setting:
Sleep laboratory and outpatient sleep clinic in a French tertiarycare university hospital.

Participants:
Ninety-five patients with OSA and 95 control subjects matched for age and level of education. Group 1 (54 patients, 54 controls) underwent an extensive battery of tasks evaluating verbal episodic, procedural, and working memory. Group 2 (16 patients, 16 controls) underwent procedural memory tests only, and group 3 (25 patients, 25 controls) working memory tests only.

Interventions:
N/A.

Measurements and Results:
Compared with matched controls, patients with OSA exhibited a retrieval deficit of episodic memory but intact maintenance, recognition, and forgetfulness; decreased overall performance in procedural memory, although pattern learning did occur; and impairment of specific working memory capabilities despite normal short-term memory. No consistent correlation was found between OSA severity and memory deficit. The long duration of the test session did not negatively impact the patients' performance.

Conclusions:
Memory impairment in OSA is mild and does not affect all memory processes but, rather, specific aspects, underscoring the need for extensive and specific memory testing in clinical and research settings.

Citation:
Naëgelé B; Launois SH; Mazza S et al. Which memory processes are affected in patients with obstructive sleep apnea? An evaluation of 3 types of memory.
Heart Rate Response to Respiratory Events With or Without Leg Movements
Authors: Yang Chang-Kook , Jordan Amy S. , White David P. , Winkelman John W. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Study Objective:
This study compares the heart rate responses to the termination of respiratory events, both with and without associated leg movements.

Methods:
Heart rate was measured for 15 R-R intervals before (T−15 to T−1) and after (T+1 to T+15) the termination of respiratory events as a change from the baseline rate, defined as the average of 10 R-R intervals occurring before the termination of each respiratory event (T−15 to T−6). Individual heart rate changes of the 21 patients were then averaged separately for 10 respiratory events with and 10 without associated leg movements.

Setting:
N/A.

Participants:
Twenty-one patients with obstructive sleep apnea who had respiratory events both with and without associated leg movements.

Intervention:
N/A.

Results:
Maximal heart rate rise for respiratory events with leg movements (7.9 beats per minute) was significantly greater than for respiratory events without leg movements (5.1 beats per minute) (p &lt; .0001). The area under the curve for heart rate increase from T−5 to T+9 was 50.1% higher for respiratory events with leg movements than without leg movements. When respiratory events with and without accompanying leg movements were compared, there were no significant differences in mean duration of respiratory events, mean oxygen desaturation after respiratory events, mean duration of electroencephalogram arousal following respiratory events, or mean heart rate during the baseline period. Heart rate rise did correlate with duration of the leg movements (p &lt; .001) in those respiratory events with leg movements.

Conclusions:
Cardiac activation is significantly greater when the termination of respiratory events is associated with leg movements compared to those without leg movements. This exaggerated heart rate response may be an independent consequence of the leg movements themselves, as other features of the respiratory events and associated arousal were not different in the two conditions.

Citation:
Yang CK; Jordan AS; White DP et al. Heart rate response to respiratory events with or without leg movements.
Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Versus Supplemental Oxygen on Sleep Quality in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Placebo-CPAP−Controlled Study
Authors: Loredo José S. , Ancoli-Israel Sonia , Kim Eui-Joong , Lim Weon Jeong , Dimsdale Joel E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Study Objective:
We investigated the short-term effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and oxygen in improving sleep quality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Design:
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study.

Setting:
General Clinical Research Center at a university hospital.

Patients:
Seventy-six patients with untreated OSA.

Interventions:
Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (CPAP, placebo-CPAP, or nocturnal oxygen at 3 L per minute) for 2 weeks. Sleep quality was assessed at baseline and after 1 and 14 days of therapy. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate treatment and time effects, and their interaction.

Measurements and Results:
Sixty-three patients completed the protocol. When compared with placebo-CPAP and nocturnal oxygen, CPAP increased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and significantly reduced stage 1 sleep and the number of stage shifts (p ≤ .003). CPAP improved, to within normal limits, the apnea-hypopnea index, total arousal index, and mean oxyhemoglobin saturation (p ≤ .001). The effects of CPAP were apparent during the first night of therapy. Oxygen improved only mean nocturnal saturation (p = .009). CPAP had no significant effect on stage 2 sleep or slow-wave sleep.

Conclusions:
CPAP was associated with an improvement in sleep quality in patients with OSA by consolidating sleep, reducing stage 1 sleep, and improving REM sleep. CPAP was effective in correcting the respiratory and arousal abnormalities of OSA. The effectiveness of supplemental oxygen was limited to oxyhemoglobin desaturation.

Citation:
Loredo JS; Ancoli-Israel S; Kim EJ et al. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure versus supplemental oxygen on sleep quality in obstructive sleep apnea: a placebo-CPAP-controlled study.
Genetic analysis reveals efficient sexual spore dispersal at a fine spatial scale inArmillaria ostoyae, the causal agent of root-rot disease in conifers
Authors: Dutech Cyril , Labbé Frédéric , Capdevielle Xavier , Lung-Escarmant Brigitte 
Published: February 2017

AbstractArmillaria ostoyae(sometimes namedA. solidipes) is a fungal species causing root diseases in numerous coniferous forests of the northern hemisphere. The importance of sexual spores for the establishment of new disease centers remains unclear, particularly in the large maritime pine plantations of southwestern France. An analysis of the genetic diversity of a local fungal population distributed over 500 ha in this French forest showed genetic recombination between genotypes to be frequent, consistent with regular sexual reproduction within the population. The estimated spatial genetic structure displayed a significant pattern of isolation by distance, consistent with the dispersal of sexual spores mostly at the spatial scale studied. Using these genetic data, we inferred an effective density of reproductive individuals of 0.1 to 0.3 individuals/ha, and a second moment of parent-progeny dispersal distance of 130 to 800 m, compatible with the main models of fungal spore dispersal. These results contrast with those obtained for studies ofA. ostoyaeover larger spatial scales, suggesting that inferences about mean spore dispersal may be best performed at fine spatial scales (i.e. a few kilometers) for most fungal species.
Investigation and diagnosis of an immediate allergy to amide local anaesthetic in a paediatric dental patient
Authors: Allen G , Chan D , Gue S 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLocal anaesthetics remain the most common prescription medication utilized in dental practise. Adverse reactions following administration of local anaesthetic are somewhat common and are frequently reported as ‘allergies’. However, of these events, it is estimated that only 1% are confirmed allergies to the local anaesthetic. This case report presents the process of referral for investigation and testing to confirm an amide local anaesthetic allergy in a paediatric patient. Testing for a safe alternative was also completed to identify local anaesthetic agents also of the amide variety that could be utilized safely on this individual. Following skin testing of alternative agents, intraoral challenges were completed. Finally, restorative dental treatment was provided safely for the patient with the use of an alternative amide local anaesthetic on a number of occasions with no further adverse outcomes.
Reduced chromatin acetylation of malignant salivary gland tumors correlates with enhanced proliferation
Authors: Wagner Vivian Petersen , Martins Manoela Domingues , Guimaraes Douglas Magno , Vasconcelos Artur Cunha , Meurer Luise , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Squarize Cristiane Helena , Castilho Rogerio Moraes 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundEpigenetic changes refer to any heritable modification in gene expression independent of alterations in the DNA sequence. Currently, it is well established that epigenetics represents a crucial player for tumor development. Nevertheless, the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the development and progression of salivary gland tumors (SGTs) remain poorly understood.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the pattern of acetyl‐histone H3 (lys9) expression in benign and malignant SGTs and further correlate our results with tumors' proliferative activity and clinical outcomes. We assembled tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 84 cases of SGTs and analyzed for acetyl‐histone H3 (lys9) and Ki‐67 using immunohistochemistry. The study comprised 42 benign and 42 malignant SGTs.ResultsAll cases included in this study were positive to acetyl‐H3 (lys9). We observed that malignant SGTs were hypoacetylated compared with benign (P = 0.04). Moreover, acetyl‐H3 (lys9) expression was inversely correlated with Ki67 (**P = 0.02).ConclusionThis study provides the first insight regarding histone modifications in SGTs. Our results suggest that epigenetic mechanism, particularly hypoacetylation of histone H3 (lys9), might play a role in the behavior of salivary gland tumors. Also, our findings suggest that interfering with the acetylation pattern of tumor histones represents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of SGTs.
Applications of genotyping by sequencing in aquaculture breeding and genetics
Authors: Robledo Diego , Palaiokostas Christos , Bargelloni Luca , Martínez Paulino , Houston Ross 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSelective breeding is increasingly recognized as a key component of sustainable production of aquaculture species. The uptake of genomic technology in aquaculture breeding has traditionally lagged behind terrestrial farmed animals. However, the rapid development and application of sequencing technologies has allowed aquaculture to narrow the gap, leading to substantial genomic resources for all major aquaculture species. While high‐density single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays for some species have been developed recently, direct genotyping by sequencing (GBS) techniques have underpinned many of the advances in aquaculture genetics and breeding to date. In particular, restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐Seq) and subsequent variations have been extensively applied to generate population‐level SNP genotype data. These GBS techniques are not dependent on prior genomic information such as a reference genome assembly for the species of interest. As such, they have been widely utilized by researchers and companies focussing on nonmodel aquaculture species with relatively small research communities. Applications of RAD‐Seq techniques have included generation of genetic linkage maps, performing genome‐wide association studies, improvements of reference genome assemblies and, more recently, genomic selection for traits of interest to aquaculture like growth, sex determination or disease resistance. In this review, we briefly discuss the history of GBS, the nuances of the various GBS techniques, bioinformatics approaches and application of these techniques to various aquaculture species.
Sugars as supplemental cryoprotectants for marine organisms
Authors: Tsai Sujune , Chong Gabriella , Meng Pei‐Jie , Lin Chiahsin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCryopreservation has been extensively used in various mega‐industries and has recently been applied in genetic banking for conservation purposes. Compared with conventional cell preservation methods, cryopreservation can maintain the viability of cryopreserved cells for an indefinite time at a relatively lower cost and lesser manpower, with lower probabilities of contamination and genetic changes. This study presents the crucial role of sugar, a cryoprotectant supplement in cryopreservation. Sugar molecules typically interact with the lipid bilayer during the freezing phase to maintain plasma membrane integrity when cells undergo dehydration. When combined with other permeable cryoprotectants such as glucose with methanol and trehalose with dimethyl sulphoxide, sugar prolongs and enhances cellular post‐thaw viability. Moreover, terrestrial and marine organisms have benefited from the inclusion of sugar in the cryopreservation protocol. For wide range of cells such as the sperm, oocytes, embryos and larvae of marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as marine algae, cryopreservation with sugar produced positive results compared with cryopreservation without sugar. Not all sugar is beneficial, and the type and concentration of sugar should be applied according to the species. Moreover, the freezing method may also affect the function of sugar. Nevertheless, understanding the role of sugar in cryobiology and conducting a preliminary trial of sugar for cryopreserving cells would benefit future research on cryopreservation.
Phylogenomic analysis of gene co‐expression networks reveals the evolution of functional modules
Authors: Ruprecht Colin , Proost Sebastian , Hernandez‐Coronado Marcela , Ortiz‐Ramirez Carlos , Lang Daniel , Rensing Stefan A. , Becker Jörg D. , Vandepoele Klaas , Mutwil Marek 
Published: February 2017

SummaryMolecular evolutionary studies correlate genomic and phylogenetic information with the emergence of new traits of organisms. These traits are, however, the consequence of dynamic gene networks composed of functional modules, which might not be captured by genomic analyses. Here, we established a method that combines large‐scale genomic and phylogenetic data with gene co‐expression networks to extensively study the evolutionary make‐up of modules in the moss Physcomitrella patens, and in the angiosperms Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa (rice). We first show that younger genes are less annotated than older genes. By mapping genomic data onto the co‐expression networks, we found that genes from the same evolutionary period tend to be connected, whereas old and young genes tend to be disconnected. Consequently, the analysis revealed modules that emerged at a specific time in plant evolution. To uncover the evolutionary relationships of the modules that are conserved across the plant kingdom, we added phylogenetic information that revealed duplication and speciation events on the module level. This combined analysis revealed an independent duplication of cell wall modules in bryophytes and angiosperms, suggesting a parallel evolution of cell wall pathways in land plants. We provide an online tool allowing plant researchers to perform these analyses at http://www.gene2function.de.