bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial neural network model for evaluation the effect of surface properties amendment on slurry erosion behavior of AISI 5117 steel
Authors: Saleh Bahaa , Aly Ayman A. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of surface treatment on slurry erosion behavior of AISI 5,117 steel using artificial neural network (ANN) technique.

Design/methodology/approach
The slurry erosion wear behavior of electroless nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) coated, carburized and untreated AISI 5,117 alloy steel was investigated experimentally and theoretically using ANN technique based on error back propagation learning algorithm.

Findings
From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the proposed AAN model can be successfully used for evaluating slurry erosion behavior of the Ni-P coated, carburized and untreated AISI 5,117 steel for wide range of operating conditions and Ni-P coating and carburizing improve the slurry erosion resistance of AISI 5,117 steel; however, the coating is more efficient.

Originality/value
Slurry erosion is a serious problem for the performance, reliability and service life of engineering components used in many industrial applications. To improve the performance of these components, engineering surface technologies have been attracting a great deal of attention. The extent of slurry erosion is dependent on a wide range of variables. To account all variables that effect on erosion behavior, prediction of erosion behavior by soft computational technique is one of the most important requirements. ANN has the ability to tackle the problem of complex relationships among variables that cannot be accomplished by traditional analytical methods.
Managing working behaviour towards new ways of working: a case study
Authors: van Diermen Olga Guillette , Beltman Schelte 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to address the management of people and their working behaviour successfully during workplace change – from a traditional way of working towards new ways of working. The study was based on the observation that during workplace change, organisations often fail to see the importance of managing (working) behaviour during the process of workplace change. The focus is mostly on the design of the new working environment and the information technology in it. However, these do not seem to be the determining aspects of the success of workplace change, merely necessary boundary conditions. This paper will elucidate how internal communication can make the greatest impact on shifting people’s working behaviour and attitudes and thus manage it effectively.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature study has been conducted to investigate the relation between the topics of new ways of working, workplace change and internal communication. This study surfaced the importance of the aspect of (working) behaviour within workplace change. Subsequently, a field study was performed, during which several interviews were held with the project team of the R&D department of a chemical multinational, who is on the brink of implementing a new workplace concept. Also, focus group interviews were held with their employees to research personal views on expected working behaviour.

Findings
The outcomes of the research, literature review and field study clarify the critical success factors for internal communication to manage the workplace change, so it lives up to the expectations. These are: face-to-face communication, assigning the manager the role of workplace change leader and use internal communication to inform employees and inspire them.

Originality/value
In this paper, the behavioural aspect has been identified as a key determinant of perceived success of a new workplace concept. Managing workplace change successfully should therefore merely focus on managing the working behaviour of the people involved, instead of managing the building and interior design or the technology in it. Internal communication was identified as a pivotal tool to reach this success.
Comparison of global dementia discussions: perspective from the world young leaders in dementia
Authors: Booi Laura , Newman Kristine , Jackson Piper 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to critically reflect on the global dementia prevention views of the Japanese leaders at both the Japanese Young Leaders in Dementia Event and the Japanese Global Legacy Against Dementia event, from a Canadian perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis paper undertook a global comparison of the discussion and recommendations from both the Japanese Young Leader Event and the satellite Global Dementia Legacy Event.FindingsThe paper provides insights about the cultural and intergenerational differences in both the Japanese solutions compared to the Canadian solutions.Originality/valueThe authors encourage leaders involved in global prevention dementia discussions to remember the importance of context, in regards to both cultural and intergenerational collaborations, in the search for global dementia solutions.
Overcoming ageism through a new intergenerational learning paradigm: challenges and findings
Authors: Gonçalves Marta , Hatton-Yeo Alan , Farcas Diana 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a programme developed and tested in Portugal under this new paradigm where young adults (18-30) and old adults (over 65) learn research skills together.

Design/methodology/approach
The structure of the learning experience consists in a six-month training course for lay people in research skills in three specific areas of family, mental health and intergenerational relationships. In order to apply the acquired research and intervention knowledge, participants work in intergenerational groups on a small research project.

Findings
Results from the first two editions of the programme indicate benefits of mutual reciprocity in the contribution to tackle ageism and trust between generations.

Research limitations/implications
The potential practice implications for this type of intergenerational programme are significant, considering the increasing aging population in Portugal and the high ageism present. However, the authors may ask if the encountered results are the same with another type of learning subject. Therefore, the authors recommend a replication of this study/programme in other fields.

Practical implications
An integrated active ageing goes from a senior cultural entertainment to a public policy intervention sustained over time, reducing costs in terms of health, education and social services.

Social implications
Ageism, that is to say discrimination against people because of their age, is an enormous social problem. The new intergenerational learning paradigm can help to address this by emphasizing the importance of the intergroup contact between generations where each group can learn from and teach the other.

Originality/value
The authors can say that these first two editions of the Intergenerational University was a first outlook of how the authors can innovate learning processes at universities and bring research to the public. It is a methodology of social responsibility universities may adopt.
Accessing care coordination information: the non-statutory sector contribution
Authors: Jasper Rowan , Hughes Jane , Sutcliffe Caroline , Abendstern Michele , Loynes Niklas , Challis David 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The provision of information and advice for older people arranging their own care is a policy objective. The purpose of this paper is to explore the range and scope of web-based information about care coordination activities for older people in the non-statutory sector in England.

Design/methodology/approach
Non-statutory organisations were identified through a structured internet search. Services were screened to identify those providing at least one care coordination activity. A postal survey of services was conducted in 2014 and results compared with the initial findings of the web search.

Findings
Almost 300 services were identified, most of which were provided by three organisations: Age UK; Alzheimer’s Society; and the British Red Cross. Brokerage was the most frequently reported care coordination activity; the majority of services focussed on help to stay at home; and carers and older people (including those with dementia) were the target groups most often identified. Comparison of the two information sources revealed a significant agreement between two care coordination’s activities: compiling support plans and monitoring and review.

Research limitations/implications
Findings are based on a purposive sample of organisations and therefore care must be exercised in generalising from them.

Originality/value
This study is one of the first to systematically explore the nature and extent of information about care coordination activities provided by the non-statutory sector in England. It was conducted when policy advocated both an increased role for the non-statutory sector and an increase in self-directed support.
When I am old I shall wear purple: a qualitative study of the effect of group poetry sessions on the well-being of older adults
Authors: Seymour Richard , Murray Michael 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
There is increasing evidence that participation in various art forms can be beneficial for health and well-being. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of participating in a poetry reading group on a group of older residents of an assisted living facility.

Design/methodology/approach
Six poetry sessions, each on a different theme, were conducted with a group of volunteer participants. These sessions, those of pre- and post-study focus groups and interviews with the group facilitator and staff contact were audio-recorded. The transcripts of the recordings were then subjected to a thematic analysis.

Findings
Overall the participants were enthused by the opportunity to participate in the project and the benefits were confirmed by the support staff. In addition, reading poetry on particular themes promoted different types of discussion.

Research limitations/implications
The number of participants in this study was small and the study was conducted over a short period of time.

Practical implications
This paper confirms the impact of poetry reading for older people. The challenge is to explore this impact in more detail and over community as well as residential settings.

Originality/value
This paper is the first empirical report on the value of poetry reading for older people.
Revaluating aging in place: from traditional definitions to the continuum of care
Authors: Weil Joyce , Smith Elizabeth 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
Traditional definitions of aging in place often define aging in place specifically as the ability to remain in one’s own home or community setting in later life. The purpose of this paper is to reframe aging in place and show how narrowly defined aging in place models can be potentially negative constructs that limit options for older adults. The authors propose a paradigm shift, or a re-framing of, the popularized idea of aging in place. The authors challenge mainstream and literature-based beliefs that are deeply rooted to the idea that aging in place ideally happens in the home in which a person has lived for many years.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reviews common concepts and constructs associated with aging in place as well as gaps or exclusions, and US-based aging in place policy initiatives favoring the aging in place model.

Findings
An expanded definition of aging in place embraces heterogeneity in residence types and living options. A realistic assessment of person-environment fit, matching an older person’s capabilities to his or her environmental demands, allows for the development of additional aging in place options for those living across the continuum of care.

Social implications
Aging in place should be moved from the personal “success” or “failure” of an older individual to include the role of society and societal views and policies in facilitating or hindering aging in place options. The authors demonstrate that these options, in facilities within the continuum of care, can be thought of as appealing for older persons of all levels of physical and cognitive functioning.

Originality/value
Research about aging in place tends to stress the value of one place (one’s home) over other living settings. This limits the ability of people to age in place and curtails discussion of all the items necessary to maintain place.
All together now: experimental multispecies biofilm model systems
Authors: Tan Chuan Hao , Lee Kai Wei Kelvin , Burmølle Mette , Kjelleberg Staffan , Rice Scott A. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryStudies of microorganisms have traditionally focused on single species populations, which have greatly facilitated our understanding of the genetics and physiology that underpin microbial growth, adaptation and biofilm development. However, given that most microorganisms exist as multispecies consortia, the field is increasingly exploring microbial communities using a range of technologies traditionally limited to populations, including meta‐omics based approaches and high resolution imaging. The experimental communities currently being explored range from relatively low diversity, for example, two to four species, to significantly more complex systems, comprised of several hundred species. Results from both defined and undefined communities have revealed a number of emergent properties, including improved stress tolerance, increased biomass production, community level signalling and metabolic cooperation. Based on results published to date, we submit that community‐based studies are timely and increasingly reveal new properties associated with multispecies consortia that could not be predicted by studies of the individual component species. Here, we review a range of defined and undefined experimental systems used to study microbial community interactions.
The septin protein Sep4 facilitates host infection by plant fungal pathogens via mediating initiation of infection structure formation
Authors: Feng Hui‐Qiang , Li Gui‐Hua , Du Shun‐Wen , Yang Song , Li Xue‐Qian , de Figueiredo Paul , Qin Qing‐Ming 
Published: November 2016

SummaryMany phytopathogenic fungi use infection structures (IFSs, i.e., appressoria and infection cushions) to penetrate host cuticles. However, the conserved mechanisms that mediate initiation of IFS formation in divergent pathogens upon sensing the presence of host plants remain obscure. Here, we demonstrate that a conserved septin gene SEP4 plays crucial roles in this process. Disruption of SEP4 in the plant grey mould fungus Botrytis cinerea completely blocked IFS formation and abolished the virulence of ΔBcsep4 mutants on unwounded hosts. During IFS formation, mutants lacking SEP4 could produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) normally. Inhibition of ROS production in strains harbouring the SEP4 gene resulted in disordered assembly of Sep4 and the subsequent failure to form infection cushions, suggesting that proper Sep4 assembly regulated by ROS is required for initiation of IFS formation and infection. Moreover, loss of SEP4 severely impaired mutant conidiation, melanin and chitin accumulation in hyphal tips and lesion expansion on wounded hosts, but significantly promoted germ tube elongation and sclerotium production. SEP4‐mediated fungal pathogenic development, including IFS formation, was validated in the hemibiotroph Magnaporthe oryzae. Our findings indicate that Sep4 plays pleiotropic roles in B. cinerea development and specifically facilities host infection by mediating initiation of IFS formation in divergent plant fungal pathogens in response to ROS signaling.
Two degradation strategies for overcoming the recalcitrance of natural lignocellulosic xylan by polysaccharides‐binding GH10 and GH11 xylanases of filamentous fungi
Authors: Miao Youzhi , Li Pan , Li Guangqi , Liu Dongyang , Druzhinina Irina S. , Kubicek Christian P. , Shen Qirong , Zhang Ruifu 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe recalcitrance of lignocellulose forms a strong barrier for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass in chemical or biofuel industries. Filamentous fungi are major plant biomass decomposer, and capable of forming all the required enzymes. Here, they characterized the GH10 and GH11 endo‐xylanases and a CE1 acetyl‐xylan esterase (Axe1) from a superior biomass‐degrading strain, Aspergillus fumigatus Z5, and examined how they interact in xylan degradation. Cellulose‐binding (CBM1) domain inhibited GH10 xylanase activities for pure xylan, but afforded them an ability to hydrolyze washed corncob particles (WCCP). CBM1‐containing GH10 xylanases also showed synergism with CBM1‐containing Axe1 in WCCP hydrolysis, and this synergy was strictly dependent on the presence of their CBM1 domains. In contrast, GH11 xylanases had no CBM1, but still could bind xylan and hydrolyzed WCCP; however, no synergism displayed with Axe1. GH10 xylanases and GH11 xylanases showed a pronounced synergism in WCCP hydrolysis, which was dependent on the presence of the CBM1 in GH10 xylanases and absence from GH11 xylanases. They exhibit different mechanisms to bind to cellulose and xylan, and act in synergy when these two structures are intact. These findings will be helpful for the further development of highly efficient enzyme mixtures for lignocellulosic biomass conversion.
Sulforaphane‐induced apoptosis in Xuanwei lung adenocarcinoma cell line XWLC‐05
Authors: Zhou Lan , Yao Qian , Li Yan , Huang Yun‐chao , Jiang Hua , Wang Chuan‐qiong , Fan Lei 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundXuanwei district in Yunnan Province has the highest incidence of lung cancer in China, especially among non‐smoking women. Cruciferous vegetables can reduce lung cancer risk by prompting a protective mechanism against respiratory tract inflammation caused by air pollution, and are rich in sulforaphane, which can induce changes in gene expression. We investigated the effect of sulforaphane‐induced apoptosis in Xuanwei lung adenocarcinoma cell line (XWCL‐05) to explore the value of sulforaphane in lung cancer prevention and treatment.MethodsCell growth inhibition was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay; cell morphology and apoptosis were observed under transmission electron microscope; cell cycle and apoptosis rates were detected using flow cytometry; B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) and Bcl‐2‐like protein 4 (Bax) messenger RNA expression were determined by quantitative PCR; and p53, p73, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), Bax, Bcl‐2, and caspase‐9 protein expression were detected by Western blotting.ResultsSulforaphane inhibited XWLC‐05 cell growth with inhibitory concentration (IC)50 of 4.04, 3.38, and 3.02 μg/mL at 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. Sulforaphane affected the XWLC‐05 cell cycle as cells accumulated in the G2/M phase. The proportion of apoptotic cells observed was 27.6%. Compared with the control, the sulforaphane group showed decreased Bcl‐2 and p53 expression, and significantly increased p73, PUMA, Bax, and caspase‐9 protein expression (P < 0.05).ConclusionSulforaphane induces Xuanwei lung adenocarcinoma cell apoptosis. Its possible mechanism may involve the upregulation of p73 expression and its effector target genes
PUMA
and Bax in lung cancer cells, downregulation of the anti‐apoptotic gene
B

cl
‐2, and activation of caspase‐9. It may also involve downregulation of the mutant p53 protein.
Minimal intervention dentistry for early childhood caries and child dental anxiety: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arrow P , Klobas E 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo compare changes in child dental anxiety after treatment for early childhood caries (ECC) using two treatment approaches.MethodsChildren with ECC were randomized to test (atraumatic restorative treatment (ART)‐based approach) or control (standard care approach) groups. Children aged 3 years or older completed a dental anxiety scale at baseline and follow up. Changes in child dental anxiety from baseline to follow up were tested using the chi‐squared statistic, Wilcoxon rank sum test, McNemar's test and multinomial logistic regression.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐four children were randomized (N = 127 test, N = 127 control). At baseline, 193 children completed the dental anxiety scale, 211 at follow up and 170 completed the scale on both occasions. Children who were anxious at baseline (11%) were no longer anxious at follow up, and 11% non‐anxious children became anxious. Multinomial logistic regression found each increment in the number of visits increased the odds of worsening dental anxiety (odds ratio (OR), 2.2; P < 0.05), whereas each increment in the number of treatments lowered the odds of worsening anxiety (OR, 0.50; P = 0.05).ConclusionsThe ART‐based approach to managing ECC resulted in similar levels of dental anxiety to the standard treatment approach and provides a valuable alternative approach to the management of ECC in a primary dental care setting.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy for early oral cancers: Westmead Hospital experience
Authors: Abdul‐Razak Muzib , Chung Hsiang , Wong Eva , Palme Carsten , Veness Michael , Farlow David , Coleman Hedley , Morgan Gary 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundSentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become an alternative option to elective neck dissection (END) for early oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) outside of Australia. We sought to assess the technical feasibility of SLNB and validate its accuracy against that of END in an Australian setting.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study consisting of 30 consecutive patients with cT1

‐

2N0 OCSCC referred to the Head and Neck Cancer Service, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, between 2011 and 2014. All patients underwent SLNB followed by immediate selective neck dissection (levels I–III).ResultsA total of 30 patients were diagnosed with an early clinically node‐negative OCSCC (seven cT1 and 23 cT2), with the majority located on the oral tongue. A median of three (range: 1–14) sentinel nodes were identified on lymphoscintigraphy, and all sentinel nodes were successfully retrieved, with 50% having a pathologically positive sentinel node. No false‐negative sentinel nodes were identified using selective neck dissection as the gold standard. The negative predictive value (NPV) of SLNB was 100%, with 40% having a sentinel node identified outside the field of planned neck dissection on lymphoscintigraphy. Of these, one patient had a positive sentinel node outside of the ipsilateral supraomohyoid neck dissection template.Conclusion
SLNB for early OCSCC is technically feasible in an Australian setting. It has a high NPV and can potentially identify at‐risk lymphatic basins outside the traditional selective neck dissection levels even in well‐lateralized lesions.