bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« NOUS » ET LA CONSTRUCTION D’UN ETHOS INDIVIDUEL ET COLLECTIF DANS LE DISCOURS POLITIQUE
Authors: PU Zhihong LU Qiuyan, 
Published: August 2016

<p><strong>RÉSUMÉ.</strong><strong> </strong>La construction de l’image d’un pays ou d’une personne s’avère importante dans les échanges internationaux. Ainsi, notre étude porte sur la construction de l’<em>ethos</em> à la française pour mieux connaître les stratégies concernées et pour arriver à une communication efficace avec les Français à l’avenir. Le pronom « nous », considéré comme une jonction entre « je » et « non-je », demeure un marqueur important en ce qui concerne la construction d’un <em>ethos</em> individuel et collectif, et nous ouvre la perspective sur sa valeur stratégique dans le discours politique aussi bien que sur sa fonction dans les relations hiérarchiques des actants. Notre travail, qui étudie le duel entre Sarkozy et Hollande en 2012 pendant les élections présidentielles, est essentiellement ancré dans l’analyse du discours, dans la théorie de l’énonciation de la subjectivité (Benveniste, 1966, 1974 ; Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 2009) en particulier.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Mots-clés: </strong><em>discours politique, énonciation, ethos individuel et collectif, « nous », valeur stratégique.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>00lns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"&gt;</em></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT.</strong><strong> </strong>The national or personal image building is very important in international exchange. Therefore, our study focuses on the construction of <em>ethos</em> in a French way in order to gain a better understanding of the relevant strategies and to achieve effective communication with Frenchmen in the future. The pronoun “we”, which is supposed to be a junction between “I” and “non-I” in enunciation, is an important symbol in the construction of individual and collective <em>ethos</em>, and opens up the possibility to carry out a study on its strategic value in the political discourse, as well as its function in the hierarchical relationship among the participants. Our work, which is studying the duel between Sarkozy and Hollande during the presidential election in 2012, is rooted in the theory of discourse analysis, especially in the theory of enunciation of subjectivity (Benveniste, 1966, 1974; Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 2009).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>enunciation, individual and collective ethos, political discourse, strategic value, we.</em><em></em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>
Dinamika Perubahan Sosial Dan Hukum Islam
Authors: Azhari Fathurrahman 
Published: August 2016

Abstract: The Dynamics of Social Change and Islamic Law are related each other in making a change. In the one hand, social changeis caused by the Islamic law, but on the other hand, the change of Islamic law itself is causedby the social changes. The existence of Islamic law, which was brought by Rasulullah Saw, had clearly changed the social community at that time;the changes started from jahiliyyah societyera that strongly held their tradition to the Islamic societyera that held Islamic law.By the same token, Islamic law had also made a change due to social changes. According to juries-prudency of Islamic law(regulations made by fukaha/Islamic cleric) that thechange of the fatwa (advice) was caused by the change of the periode, place, situation (niat) and tradition". By doing the change of law, the Islamic law becomes dynamic, and adaptable and islamic lawswould be up to date in accordance with the current development and the social changes.الملخص: الدينا ميكية الاجتماعية والأحكام الشرعية مرتبطان في إيجاد التغير. من جهة كان التغير الاجتماعي بسبب وجود الأحكام الشرعية. ومن جهة اخرى تغيّر الحكم الشرعي بسبب التغيّر الاجتماعى . وجود الشريعة الاسلامية التي أتى بها الرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم غيّرت - بوضوح - المجتمعات فى ذلك الوقت من مجتمعات جاهلية متمسكة بالعادات إلى مجتمعات إسلامية متمسكة بالشريعة الاسلامية. ولكن الأحكام الشرعية أيضا تتغير بسبب التغير الاجتماعي الموافق بالقاعدة الفقهية التي وضعها الفقهاء " تغير الفتوى بتغير الزمان والمكان والاحوال والعادة " فبتغير الاحكام تكون الأحكام الشرعية مرنة، عطوفة، لينة، قابلة للمواجهة ، اذن كانت الأحكام الشرعية قابلة للتجديد ومناسبة بتطور الزمان والتغير الاجتماعي. Abstrak: Dinamika sosial dan hukum Islam saling memiliki keterkaitan dalam melakukan perubahan. Satu sisi perubahan sosial karena hukum Islam. Di sisi lain, perubahan hukum Islam karena perubahan sosial. Keberadaan hukum Islam yang dibawa oleh Rasulullah Saw. dengan jelas merubah sosial masyarakat pada waktu itu dari masyarakat jahiliyyah yang berpegang kepada adat kebiasaan mereka menjadi masyarakat Islam yang berpegang kepada hukum Islam. Tetapi hukum Islam juga melakukan perubahan karena terjadinya perubahan sosial. Sesuai dengan kaidah fikih yang dibuat oleh fuqaha: “berubahnya fatwa dengan sebab berubahnya masa, tempat, keadaan (niat) dan adat kebiasaan.” Dengan melakukan perubahan hukum, maka hukum Islam itu dinamis, dan mampu beradaptasi, sehingga hukum Islam itu op tu date sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman dan perubahan sosial.
E Agora Falamos Nós: Mulheres Beneficiárias do Bolsa Família em Redenção-CE.
Authors: Rodrigues Vera 
Published: August 2016

Não é incomum ouvir-se nos espaços públicos ou privadosmanifestações preconceituosas contra as beneficiárias doPrograma Bolsa Família. São comentários pejorativos quenomeiam essas mulheres como: “vagabundas” que agora nãoquerem exercer o trabalho rural ou doméstico porque possuemo Bolsa Família; mulheres que só querem “fazer menino” (engravidar) e assim continuar vivendo “às custas do governo”. Diante destas e outras questões como não pensar buscar desvelar arealidade vivida por essas mulheres? Como não questionar asrupturas e continuidades nas suas condições de vida para alémda maternidade como parâmetro? Será a condição de ‘pobre”suficiente para informar-nos sobre a dinâmica social que as envolve?Instigadas por essas questões e pela problematização teórica entre gênero,raça/cor e classe social a autora juntamente com jovens pesquisadoras elaboraram e executaram o projeto de pesquisa “E agora falamos nós: mulheres beneficiárias do Bolsa Família em Redenção/CE”, o qual foi aprovado na CHAMADA Nº 24/2013 MCTI-CNPq/MDS-SAGI. Assim, emerge o presente artigo como resultado do projeto em foco, que tem como objetivo evidenciar a fala dessas mulheres em relação ao preconceito, pobreza, bem como suas percepções acerca do Programa Bolsa Família. O projeto de cunho qualitativo realizou entrevistas semiestruturadas com setenta mulheres nordestinas no município cearense de Redenção.
Direitos, Todas/os Têm? O Coro das Mulheres Assentadas sobre (In) Visibilidade, Lutas e Políticas Públicas
Authors: Costa Patricia Rosalba Salvador Moura , Marques Amanda Christinne Nascimento , Oliveira Hannah Uruga 
Published: August 2016

Este artigo apresenta dados de pesquisa realizada com mulheresque vivem em dois assentamentos de reforma agrária em municípios situados no alto sertão sergipano e na zona da mata deAlagoas, sendo eles Jacaré Curituba II, seção Nossa Senhora daConceição, situado na cidade de Poço Redondo, e o Assentamento Flordo Bosque, localizado no município de Messias,no Estado de Alagoas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa interdisciplinar comenfoque para o campo de estudos de gênero, estabelecendo ofoco de análise nas relações de poder entre mulheres e homensassentados/as. Destaca que as desigualdades de gênero são bastante evidentes entre mulheres e homens que moram no assentamento. Há desconhecimento dos direitos básicos e sociais por parte das mulheres, e a presença de formas de violências que as atingem desde a mais tenra idade.
Empoderamento, Interseccionalidade e Ciberativismo: Uma Análise do “Manifesto Contra o Preconceito às Mulheres Brasileiras em Portugal”
Authors: Padilla Beatriz , Gomes Mariana Selister 
Published: August 2016

O artigo analisa o “Manifesto contra o preconceito às Mulheres Brasileiras em Portugal”, através de observação participante. Uma ciber-mobilização realizou-se em 2011, através das redessociais, com objetivo de dar visibilidade a estigmatização que essas mulheres sofrem nesse país. Agregou mais de 500 participantes, 1.000 assinaturas e 20 organizações sociais e entidades governamentais portuguesas e brasileiras. A análise enfoca o ciberativismo, o empoderamento de mulheres através do ativismo, e, a construção de uma mobilização social a partirda interseccionalidade de gênero, raça/etnia, classe e condiçãoimigrante.
Living Environment in Forcibly Isolated People: Lo-sheng Sanatorium in Taiwan
Authors: Soda Masato 
Published: August 2016

The establishment of Lo-sheng sanatorium reflected force isolation policy of Hansen's disease (leprosy) in the colonial period. Although segregation policy substantively ended after 1970's, the residents faced difficulties in being reintegrated into society even after their disease cured, compelled to live there for their lifetimes. Under substantive segregation, they constructed the living environment themselves. This research clarifies the process of segregated site transformed into a self-sustaining community. The author not only has engaged in field surveys but supporting residents' movement, through unitizing accumulated participant observation works outcomes, can point out an example of sustainable self-build environments.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Hansen's disease (leprosy) segregation; self-build environment; sustainable community
The Confusion of Design and Facilities in Good Manufacturing Practice Requirements among Industries in Malaysia
Authors: Jali Mohd Bakri , Abdul Ghani Maaruf , Md Nor Norazmir 
Published: August 2016

Food manufacturing operations need to fulfil regulatory requirements related to hygiene and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) to successfully market their products as safe and high quality products. GMP is a component of the food safety system to ensure the control of public hygiene and environmental conditions of the food production process. This study aims to investigate the confusion over design and facilities elements among food industries through qualitative technique. Design and facilities elements lay a firm foundation for GMP to ensure food hygiene and should be used in conjunction with each specific code of hygiene practice and guidelines. © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: food safety; food hygiene; GMP; HACCP
Establishing the Malay Landscape Elements through Islamic Garden Perspective
Authors: Mohd Hussain Nur Huzeima , Hassan Khalilah , Mt Akhir Norizan 
Published: August 2016

Beliefs and interpretations from the Islamic concept have influenced the emergence and extensions of many landscape designs including the Malay landscape. This paper reviews the significant relation between the Malay landscape and Islamic garden concept through established references. The main intention is to identify, analyzing and establishing the landscape elements, design characteristic and their functions as the research attributes. This paper uses the imagery evidence from the Quran to support the study analyses and discussions. The conclusions will lead towards all possible dimensions of Islamic Malay landscape in cultural, traditional and sustainability context for future resilient.© 2016.The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Malay; landscape; element; Islamic concept
Walkability Design for Urban Public Housing Park
Authors: Omar Dasimah , Omar Kamarul Ariff , Othman Saberi , Mohd Yusoff Zaharah 
Published: August 2016

The walkability approach is essential to ensure the connectivity among space in the urban area. The design should be appropriate, safety, maximize and capable of reaching every inch of the spaces, just by walking. Good connectivity must allow people to walk freely and accessible in many ways. People have great chances to meet each other or having potential outdoor activities without any challenges. This study aims to measure the user perception of the existing spaces in the urban public housing environment that been covered and uncovered with the walkability linkages. The objectives of this study are to identify the existing pedestrian linkages in the study area; to investigate the user perception of the existing walkability system in the study area, and finally to conclude and provide a better solution for better walkability opportunity among residents to access the public park.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords:outdoor space; pedestrian linkages; public parks; walkability behavior
Recombinant human thyrotropin stimulated 131I treatment for multinodular goiter
Authors: Tang Limin , Ma Tiekun , Wu Fengyu 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of rhTSH stimulation before 131I treatment in patients with MNG. Methods: Sources included the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS database (all until January 2016). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy of rhTSH-stimulated 131I treatment compared to placebo or 131I treatment alone were collected. Two authors performed the data extraction independently. Results: Six RCTs involving 294 patients with MNG were included in this review. Altogether 168 patients were randomized to rhTSH-stimulated 131I therapy, and 126 to either placebo and 131I or 131I alone. rhTSH-stimulated 131I vs placebo and 131I or 131I alone for MNG showed no statistically significant difference in quality of life and all-cause mortality. rhTSH- (at a dose of 0.03 mg and above) stimulated 131I treatment for MNG showed significant benefits in thyroid volume reduction. 131I treatment with rhTSH stimulation at high doses (0.03 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.3 mg and 0.45 mg) for MNG caused significantly higher adverse effects and hypothyroidism. Conclusions: The overall results indicated that using rhTSH at high doses of 0.03–0.45 mg before 131I therapy resulted in a greater TVR than 131I therapy alone for patients with non-toxic MNG. However, an increased incidence of adverse effects and hypothyroidism was observed in patients receiving highdose of rhTSH pretreatment than in patients who received low-dose rhTSH pretreatment. Therefore, a dose of 0.03 mg rhTSH pretreatment before 131I therapy may be more potent than 131I alone in treating patients with non-toxic MNG who either had a contraindication for or declined surgery.
THE OXYGEN FEATURES IN TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE NATURE OF THERMONUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS
Authors: Zhao Xulin , Maeda Keiichi , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Lifan , Sai Hanna , Zhang Jujia , Zhang Tianmeng , Huang Fang , Rui Liming 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The absorption feature O i
λ7773 is an important spectral indicator for type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that can be used to trace the unburned material in outer layers of the exploding white dwarf (WD). In this work, we use a large sample of SNe Ia to examine this absorption at early phases (i.e., −13 day ≲ t ≲ −7 day) and make comparisons with the absorption features of Si ii
λ6355 and the Ca ii near-infrared triplet. We show that for a subgroup of spectroscopically normal SNe with normal photospheric velocities (i.e., v
si ≲ 12,500 km s−1 at optical maximum), the line strength of the high velocity feature (HVF) of O i is inversely correlated with that of Si ii (or Ca ii), and this feature also shows a negative correlation with the luminosity of SNe Ia. This finding, together with other features we find for the O i HVF, reveal that for this subgroup of SNe Ia, explosive oxygen burning occurs in the outermost layer of the SN. Differences in the oxygen burning could lead to the observed diversity, which is in remarkable agreement with the popular delayed-detonation model of Chandrasekhar mass WDs.
Ethnic Differences in Autoantibody Diversity and Hierarchy: More Clues from a US Cohort of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Nandiwada Sarada L. , Peterson Lisa K. , Mayes Maureen D. , Jaskowski Troy D. , Malmberg Elisabeth , Assassi Shervin , Satoh Minoru , Tebo Anne E. 
Published: August 2016

Objective.To determine the autoantibody repertoire and clinical associations in a multiethnic cohort of American patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Methods.There were 1000 patients with SSc (196 Hispanic, 228 African American, 555 white, and 21 other) who were screened for antinuclear antibodies (ANA), including anticentromere antibodies (ACA) by indirect immunofluorescence assay, antitopoisomerase-1 (topo-1/Scl-70) by immunodiffusion, and anti-RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) by ELISA. Sera from 160 patients with mainly nucleolar and/or speckled ANA pattern, but negative for ACA, Scl-70, and RNAP III, were further characterized by immunoprecipitation for SSc-specific antibodies.Results.The prevalence of antibodies against RNAP III, Th/To, and PM/Scl did not differ significantly among the ethnic groups. The frequency of anti-Scl-70 was lowest in whites (18.0%) compared with 24.0% and 26.8% in Hispanics and African Americans (p = 0.01), respectively. Compared with African American patients, Hispanic and white subjects had a higher frequency of ACA (p < 0.0001) and lower frequency of U3-RNP (p < 0.0001). U3-RNP antibodies were uniquely higher in African American patients, independent of clinical subset, while Th/To autoantibodies were associated with limited cutaneous SSc in white subjects. Overall, Hispanic and African American patients had an earlier age of onset and a predominance of diffuse cutaneous SSc compared with their white counterparts.Conclusion.SSc-specific antibodies may predict disease subset; however, the hierarchy of their prevalence differs across ethnic groups. This study provides the most extensive analysis to date on the relevance of autoantibodies in the diagnosis and clinical manifestations of SSc in Hispanic American patients.
Elevated Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 in Early Disease Predicts Subsequent Deterioration of Pulmonary Function in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Kuwana Masataka , Shirai Yuichiro , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: August 2016

Objective.To identify predictors of poor prognosis in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD).Methods.Fifty patients with early-stage SSc-ILD who had never received disease-modifying drugs and were either observed for ≥ 10 years or died from ILD-related causes were enrolled. The baseline variables of patients who developed endstage lung disease (ESLD) were compared with those of patients who remained ESLD-free, and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify initial factors that correlated with ESLD development.Results.Sixteen patients (32%) developed ESLD during 173.5 ± 64.7 months of followup. Elevated serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) at initial assessment was highly correlated with ESLD development (p = 0.0002). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a KL-6 value of 1273 U/ml effectively discriminated patients who developed ESLD from those who did not. Patients with KL-6 > 1273 U/ml were less likely to remain ESLD-free compared with those with lower KL-6 levels (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that KL-6 > 1273 U/ml was the most reliable predictor of ESLD development (OR 51.2, 95% CI 7.6–343, p < 0.0001). Finally, the initial KL-6 level correlated with the forced vital capacity (FVC) decline rate (r = 0.58, p < 0.0001).Conclusion.The natural course of SSc-ILD is highly variable. Baseline serum KL-6 is a biomarker potentially useful for predicting FVC decline.
Enhanced Requirement for TNFR2 in Graft Rejection Mediated by Low-Affinity Memory CD8+ T Cells during Heterologous Immunity
Authors: Krummey Scott M. , Chen Ching-Wen , Guasch Sara A. , Liu Danya , Wagener Maylene , Larsen Christian P. , Ford Mandy L. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The affinity of a TCR binding to peptide:MHC profoundly impacts the phenotype and function of effector and memory cell differentiation. Little is known about the effect of low-affinity priming on memory cell generation and function, which is particularly important in heterologous immunity, when microbe-specific T cells cross-react with allogeneic Ag and mediate graft rejection. We found that low-affinity–primed memory CD8+ T cells produced high levels of TNF ex vivo in response to heterologous rechallenge compared with high-affinity–primed memory T cells. Low-affinity secondary effectors significantly upregulated TNFR2 on the cell surface and contained a higher frequency of TNFR2hi proliferating cells. Low-affinity–primed secondary effectors concurrently downregulated TNF production. Importantly, blockade of TNFR2 attenuated graft rejection in low- but not high-affinity–primed animals. These data establish a functional connection between TNF signaling and TCR-priming affinity and have implications for the immunomodulation of pathogenic T cell responses during transplantation.