bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depredation of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) by two sympatrically occurring killer whale (Orcinus orca) ecotypes: Insights on the behavior of the rarely observed type D killer whales
Authors: Tixier Paul , Gasco Nicolas , Duhamel Guy , Guinet Christophe 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSympatric forms of ecologically distinctive killer whales (Orcinus orca) have been documented worldwide. This study focused on a new case of such sympatric occurrence of the “Crozet” type and the recently described “type D” killer whales off the Crozet Islands. The two ecotypes are morphologically and genetically distinct, but they both depredate the same local longline fishery. We used observational, photo‐identification, and fishing data, collected between 2003 and 2015, to examine differences in their patterns of depredation. Of the 828 sets where ecotype could be confirmed, type D killer whales interacted with 82 (11%) of the sets, including 9 (1%) sets that were simultaneously depredated by both ecotypes. Associations between the two types were never observed. Type D killer whales typically occurred in larger groups and both ecotypes preferentially depredated Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides). GLMM modeling revealed that the probability of type D depredation significantly increased throughout the study period, especially in deep waters, and photo‐identification data suggested that a subset of all individuals were habituating to depredation. This study documents the partitioning of resources between two distinct ecotypes of killer whales and provides preliminary insight into the feeding ecology of the rare type D killer whale.
Identifying developmental phases in the Arabidopsis thaliana rosette using integrative segmentation models
Authors: Lièvre Maryline , Granier Christine , Guédon Yann 
Published: February 2016

Summary

The change in leaf size and shape during ontogeny associated with heteroblastic development is a composite trait for which extensive spatiotemporal data can be acquired using phenotyping platforms. However, only part of the information contained in such data is exploited, and developmental phases are usually defined using a selected organ trait. We here introduce new methods for identifying developmental phases in the Arabidopsis rosette using various traits and minimum a priori assumptions.

A pipeline of analysis was developed combining image analysis and statistical models to integrate morphological, shape, dimensional and expansion dynamics traits for the successive leaves of the Arabidopsis rosette. Dedicated segmentation models called semi‐Markov switching models were built for selected genotypes in order to identify rosette developmental phases.

Four successive developmental phases referred to as seedling, juvenile, transition and adult were identified for the different genotypes. We show that the degree of covering of the leaf abaxial surface with trichomes is insufficient to define these developmental phases.

Using our pipeline of analysis, we were able to identify the supplementary seedling phase and to uncover the structuring role of various leaf traits. This enabled us to compare on a more objective basis the vegetative development of Arabidopsis mutants.
The mechanisms whereby the green alga Chlorella ohadii, isolated from desert soil crust, exhibits unparalleled photodamage resistance
Authors: Treves Haim , Raanan Hagai , Kedem Isaac , Murik Omer , Keren Nir , Zer Hagit , Berkowicz Simon M. , Giordano Mario , Norici Alessandra , Shotland Yoram , Ohad Itzhak , Kaplan Aaron 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Excess illumination damages the photosynthetic apparatus with severe implications with regard to plant productivity. Unlike model organisms, the growth of Chlorella ohadii, isolated from desert soil crust, remains unchanged and photosynthetic O2 evolution increases, even when exposed to irradiation twice that of maximal sunlight.

Spectroscopic, biochemical and molecular approaches were applied to uncover the mechanisms involved.

D1 protein in photosystem II (PSII) is barely degraded, even when exposed to antibiotics that prevent its replenishment. Measurements of various PSII parameters indicate that this complex functions differently from that in model organisms and suggest that C. ohadii activates a nonradiative electron recombination route which minimizes singlet oxygen formation and the resulting photoinhibition. The light‐harvesting antenna is very small and carotene composition is hardly affected by excess illumination. Instead of succumbing to photodamage, C. ohadii activates additional means to dissipate excess light energy. It undergoes major structural, compositional and physiological changes, leading to a large rise in photosynthetic rate, lipids and carbohydrate content and inorganic carbon cycling.

The ability of C. ohadii to avoid photodamage relies on a modified function of PSII and the dissipation of excess reductants downstream of the photosynthetic reaction centers. The biotechnological potential as a gene source for crop plant improvement is self‐evident.
Rectus sheath and transversus abdominis plane blocks in children: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Hamill James K. , Rahiri Jamie‐Lee , Liley Andrew , Hill Andrew G. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIntroductionThe role of rectus sheath blocks (RSB) and transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks in pediatric surgery has not been well established.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine if RSB and TAP blocks decrease postoperative pain and improve recovery in children.Data sourcesDuplicate searching of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and trial registries databases by two reviewers.Study selectionIncluded were randomized trials in children on RSB or TAP block in abdominal operations, excluding inguinal procedures.Data extractionIndependent duplicate data extraction and quality assessment using a standardized form.ResultsTen trials met inclusion criteria (n = 599), RSB in five and TAP block in five. A linear mixed effects model on patient level data from three trials showed nerve blocks lowered morphine requirements 6–8 h after surgery, −0.03 mg·kg−1 (95% CI −0.05, −0.002). Pooled analysis of summary data showed nerve blocks lowered 0–10 scale pain scores immediately after the operation, −0.7 (95% CI −1.3, −0.1); lowered 4–16 scale pain scores, −2.0 (95% CI −2.3, −1.7); and delayed the time to first rescue analgesia, 17 min (95% CI 1.3, 33). Quality assessment showed some studies at moderate to high risk of bias.ConclusionAbdominal wall blocks reduce pain and opiate use in children. We advise cautious interpretation of the results given the heterogeneity of studies.
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 (NQO1), protects melanin‐producing cells from cytotoxicity of rhododendrol
Authors: Okubo Ayaka , Yasuhira Shinji , Shibazaki Masahiko , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Akasaka Toshihide , Masuda Tomoyuki , Maesawa Chihaya 
Published: February 2016

SummaryRhododendrol (RD) is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor that is metabolized to RD‐quinone by tyrosinase, which may underlie the cytotoxicity of RD and leukoderma of the skin that may result. We have examined how forced expression of the NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase, quinone 1 (NQO1), a major quinone‐reducing enzyme in cytosol, affects the survival of RD‐treated cells. We found that treatment of the mouse melanoma cell line B16BL6 or normal human melanocytes with carnosic acid, a transcriptional inducer of the NQO1 gene, notably suppressed the cell killing effect of RD. This effect was mostly abolished by ES936, a highly specific NQO1 inhibitor. Moreover, conditional overexpression of the human NQO1 transgene in B16BL6 led to an expression‐dependent increase of cell survival after RD treatment. Our results suggest that NQO1 attenuates the cytotoxicity of RD and/or its metabolites.
Knowledge of Vaccination Needs of HIV‐Infected Men Who Have Sex with Men in a National Sample of “Gay Friendly” Health care Providers
Authors: Blackwell Christopher W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess knowledge levels regarding vaccination needs of healthy, HIV‐infected (with CD4 counts >200 cells/mm3) men who have sex with men (MSM) in a national sample of “gay friendly” health providers.Design and SampleParticipants (n = 92) were sent a demographic questionnaire and case vignette asking for correct identification of vaccine needs of an HIV‐infected MSM with a CD4 count >200 cells/mm3. Participants were recruited from the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association's Health Provider Index.MeasuresDescriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test were used to answer the research questions and define the sample.ResultsThe vast majority of the sample (n = 83; 90%) misidentified correct vaccine needs of and/or selected inappropriate vaccines for the HIV‐infected MSM. Greater familiarity with the CDC Adult Vaccination Schedule (p = .027), practice specialization (p = .004), and administration of vaccinations within location of practice (p = .009) were associated with greater knowledge of the patient's vaccine needs.ConclusionsHealth care providers who prescribe vaccines to HIV‐infected MSM need more education regarding their vaccine needs. Nurses can reduce disparities in HIV‐infected MSM by advocating for vaccination and augmenting providers' comprehension of vaccine needs of this population.
Low‐Income Immigrant Hispanic Mothers' Concerns and Perceptions of Their Young Child's Weight
Authors: Hernandez Daphne C. , Reesor Layton , Machuca Iris , Chishty Misha , Alonso Yanely 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo describe how low‐income Hispanic immigrant mothers' concerns and perceptions of her child's health, along with her concerns for herself becoming overweight, relate to her (a) concerns that her child will become overweight and (b) underestimation of her child's weight status.Design and SampleCross‐sectional survey and direct body composition assessments were collected among 96 low‐income Hispanic mothers and their young children from Houston‐area community centers.MeasuresData were collected on maternal concerns and perceptions of child's weight and health, concerns about her own weight, demographic characteristics, and measured child's height and weight.ResultsFifty‐four percent of mothers with an overweight/obese child perceived their child was “about the right weight.” Mothers concerned with becoming overweight themselves had 3 times higher odds of being concerned that her child would become overweight (OR = 3.01, p < .01). Mothers who perceived their child as less healthy had approximately 2 times higher odds of underestimating their child's weight (OR = 1.86, p < .01).ConclusionsShort screeners that focus on maternal concerns about herself and her child becoming overweight, along with perceptions of her child's health and weight status, may assist nurses in effectively tailoring their health message at point of care.
Event‐related potential indices of congruency sequence effects without feature integration or contingency learning confounds
Authors: Larson Michael J. , Clayson Peter E. , Kirwan C. Brock , Weissman Daniel H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe congruency effect in Stroop‐like tasks (i.e., increased response time and reduced accuracy in incongruent relative to congruent trials) is often smaller when the previous trial was incongruent as compared to congruent. This congruency sequence effect (CSE) is thought to reflect cognitive control processes that shift attention to the target and/or modulate the response engendered by the distracter differently after incongruent relative to congruent trials. The neural signatures of CSEs are therefore usually attributed to cognitive control processes that minimize distraction from irrelevant stimuli. However, CSEs in previous functional neuroimaging studies were ubiquitously confounded with feature integration and/or contingency learning processes. We therefore investigated whether a neural CSE can be observed without such confounds in a group of healthy young adults (n = 56). To this end, we combined a prime‐probe task that lacks such confounds with high‐density ERPs to identify, for the first time, the neural time course of confound‐minimized CSEs. Replicating recent behavioral findings, we observed strong CSEs in this task for mean response time and mean accuracy. Critically, conceptually replicating prior ERP results from confounded tasks, we also observed a CSE in both the parietal conflict slow potential (conflict SP) and the frontomedial N450. These findings indicate for the first time that neural CSEs as indexed by ERPs can be observed without the typical confounds. More broadly, the present study provides a confound‐minimized protocol that will help future researchers to better isolate the neural bases of control processes that minimize distraction from irrelevant stimuli.
Impacts of environmental and biological stressors on immune system ofMacrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Kumaresan Venkatesh , Palanisamy Rajesh , Pasupuleti Mukesh , Arockiaraj Jesu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMacrobrachium rosenbergiicommonly called giant freshwater prawn is a widely farmed crustacean in freshwater. Similar to other aquatic organisms, their growth and well‐being is influenced by various physical, chemical and biological factors. We discuss about the critical growth limiting factors as well as disease causing agents and the potential immune molecules ofM. rosenbergiithat are proved to involve in preventing and/or responding to those limiting factors.
Epidermal changes during UVB phototherapy assessed by multiphoton laser tomography
Authors: Koehler M. J. , Kellner K. , Kaatz M. , Hipler U.‐C. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundMultiphoton laser tomography (MPT) is a non‐invasive technique that allows imaging of skin in vivo with very high spatial resolution and contrast. Previous work of our group has demonstrated that known morphological changes due to erythematogenic ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation may be imaged in vivo by MPT. The present work investigated if morphological skin changes known from experimental erythematogenic UVB irradiation are also demonstrable in the course of a standard phototherapy regime that implies suberythematogenic doses of narrow band UVB.MethodsSixteen patients with psoriasis vulgaris receiving a narrow band phototherapy were included. A test field and a light‐protected control field were measured with the multiphoton tomograph DermaInspect® at four time points: at baseline, the next day, after 3 days and at the day of the last exposure.ResultsIn the course of the UVB phototherapy, spongiosis and pleomorphy as parameters of inflammation and cellular damage did not show significant changes. By contrast, an adaptive skin reaction with significant changes of keratosis and pigmentation was observed.ConclusionMPT is a suitable technique for the investigation of qualitative and quantitative skin changes after UVB irradiation. After suberythematogenic UVB irradiation, photoadaptive skin changes, but no cellular damage can be observed with MPT.
Nuclear accumulation of myocyte muscle LIM protein is regulated by heme oxygenase 1 and correlates with cardiac function in the transition to failure
Authors: Paudyal Anju , Dewan Sukriti , Ikie Cindy , Whalley Benjamin J , de Tombe Pieter P. , Boateng Samuel Y. 
Published: February 2016

Key points
The present study investigated the mechanism associated with impaired cardiac mechanosensing that leads to heart failure by examining the factors regulating muscle LIM protein subcellular distribution in myocytes.
In myocytes, muscle LIM protein subcellular distribution is regulated by cell contractility rather than passive stretch via heme oxygenase‐1 and histone deacetylase signalling. The result of the present study provide new insights into mechanotransduction in cardiac myocytes.
Myocyte mechanosensitivity, as indicated by the muscle LIM protein ratio, is also correlated with cardiac function in the transition to failure in a guinea‐pig model of disease. This shows that the loss mechanosensitivity plays an important role during the transition to failure in the heart.
The present study provides the first indication that mechanosensing could be modified pharmacologically during the transition to heart failure.
AbstractImpaired mechanosensing leads to heart failure and a decreased ratio of cytoplasmic to nuclear CSRP3/muscle LIM protein (MLP ratio) is associated with a loss of mechanosensitivity. In the present study, we tested whether passive or active stress/strain was important in modulating the MLP ratio and determined whether this correlated with heart function during the transition to failure. We exposed cultured neonatal rat myocytes to a 10% cyclic mechanical stretch at 1 Hz, or electrically paced myocytes at 6.8 V (1 Hz) for 48 h. The MLP ratio decreased by 50% (P < 0.05, n = 4) only in response to electrical pacing, suggesting impaired mechanosensitivity. Inhibition of contractility with 10 μm blebbistatin resulted in an ∼3‐fold increase in the MLP ratio (n = 8, P < 0.05), indicating that myocyte contractility regulates nuclear MLP. Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) signalling with trichostatin A increased nuclear MLP following passive stretch, suggesting that HDACs block MLP nuclear accumulation. Inhibition of heme oxygenase1 (HO‐1) activity with protoporphyrin IX zinc(II) blocked MLP nuclear accumulation. To examine how mechanosensitivity changes during the transition to heart failure, we studied a guinea‐pig model of angiotensin II infusion (400 ng kg–1 min–1) over 12 weeks. Using subcellular fractionation, we showed that the MLP ratio increased by 88% (n = 4, P < 0.01) during compensated hypertrophy but decreased significantly during heart failure (P < 0.001, n = 4). The MLP ratio correlated significantly with the E/A ratio (r = 0.71, P < 0.01, n = 12), a clinical measure of diastolic function. These data indicate for the first time that myocyte mechanosensitivity as indicated by the MLP ratio is regulated primarily by myocyte contractility via HO‐1 and HDAC signalling.
Draft Genome Sequence of Brevibacillus choshinensis HPD52
T
(DSM 8552), a Bacterial Host for Efficient Expression of Heterologous Proteins
Authors: Wang Jie-ping , Liu Bo , Liu Guo-hong , Che Jian-mei , Chen Zheng , Chen Meichun , Shi Huai 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Brevibacillus choshinensis
HPD52
T
(DSM 8552) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, and protein-producing bacterium. Here, we report the 6.28-Mb draft genome sequence of
B. choshinensis
HPD52
T
, which will promote its application and provide useful information for genomic taxonomy and phylogenomics of
Bacillus
-like bacteria.
Risk of acute kidney injury associated with neuroimaging obtained during triage and treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke symptoms
Authors: Hall Shelby L , Munich Stephan A , Cress Marshall C , Rangel-Castilla Leonardo , Levy Elad I , Snyder Kenneth V , Siddiqui Adnan H 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundCombining non-contrast CT (NCCT), CT angiography (CTA), and CT perfusion (CTP) imaging (referred to as a CT stroke study, CTSS) provides a rapid evaluation of the cerebrovascular axis during acute ischemic stroke. Iodinated contrast-enhanced CT imaging is not without risk, which includes renal injury. If a patient's CTSS identifies vascular pathology, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is often performed within 24–48 h. Such patients may receive multiple administrations of iodinated contrast material over a short time period.ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients who underwent a CTSS and DSA for evaluation of acute ischemic symptoms or for stroke intervention within a 48 h period between August 2012 and December 2014.MethodsWe identified 84 patients for inclusion in the analysis. Patients fell into one of two cohorts: AKI, defined as a rise in the serum creatinine level of ≥0.5 mg/dL from baseline, or non-AKI. Clinical parameters included pre- and post-imaging serum creatinine level, time between CTSS and DSA, and type of angiographic procedure (diagnostic vs intervention) performed.ResultsFour patients (4.7%) experienced AKI, one of whom had baseline renal dysfunction (defined as baseline serum creatinine level ≥1.5 mg/dL). The mean difference between baseline and peak creatinine values was found to be significantly greater in patients with AKI than in non-AKI patients (1.65 vs −0.09, respectively; p=0.0008).ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence of the safety and feasibility of obtaining CTSS with additional DSA imaging, whether for diagnosis or intervention, to identify possible acute ischemic stroke.
Articulatory and Acoustic Characteristics of German Fricative Clusters
Authors: Pouplier Marianne , Hoole Philip 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground: We investigate the articulatory-acoustic relationship in German fricative sequences. We pursue the possibility that /f/#sibilant and /s#ʃ/ sequences are in principle subject to articulatory overlap in a similar fashion, yet due to independent articulators being involved, there is a significant difference in the acoustic consequences. We also investigate the role of vowel context and stress. Methods: We recorded electropalatographic and acoustic data from 9 native speakers of German. Results: Results are compatible with the hypothesis that the temporal organization of fricative clusters is globally independent of cluster type with differences between clusters appearing mainly in degree. Articulatory overlap may be obscured acoustically by a labiodental constriction, similarly to what has been reported for stops. Conclusion: Our data suggest that similar principles of articulatory coordination underlie German fricative clusters independently of their segmental composition. The general auditory-acoustic patterning of the fricative sequences can be predicted by taking into account that aerodynamicacoustic consequences of gestural overlap may vary as a function of the articulators involved. We discuss possible sources for differences in degrees of overlap and place our results in the context of previously reported asymmetries among the fricatives in regressive place assimilation.