bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pandemic impacts on rural general practice: Trainees and supervision team working and learning together
Authors: Brumpton Kay , Sturman Nancy , O'Shannessy Megan , Noble Christy , Billett Stephen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic disruptions on general practice trainees interdependent learning, from the perspectives of trainees and the whole of the practice team.SettingFour rural general practices in Queensland that continued to supervise registrars, junior doctors and medical students through the pandemic.ParticipantsTwenty‐three members of the general practice teams, including general practitioners, practice managers, receptionists, practice nurses, registrars, junior doctors and medical students.DesignAudio‐recorded semi‐structured interviews were conducted with all participants following an initial survey. Thematic analysis and the theory of interdependent learning were used to understand how supervision and training was both disrupted and sustained during the pandemic period. Reporting is informed by the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines.ResultsLearning affordances were transformed by the rapid implementation of physical distancing and other infection control measures. Telehealth consultations and remote working impacted on the interdependent relationship between the work environment, supervision team and trainees.ConclusionPractice staff identified new ways of working that arose through this period, including changes to practice team roles and the supervisory dynamic that enabled patient care and trainee learning to continue. Social connectedness was important to the trainees and the implications for future training need to be further evaluated.
Low socioeconomic status exacerbates unmet health‐related needs in patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Singleton Carolyn , Carter Allie , Baker Brittany , Jones Emma , Green Kelsey , Lammert Craig , Nephew Lauren D. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryBackground and AimsDiminished quality of life has been well characterized in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH); however, the full spectrum of unmet needs is unclear. We hypothesized that there is a high burden of health‐related unmet needs in patients with AIH, and this burden differs by socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsMembers of the Autoimmune Hepatitis Association were invited online and by email to complete a modified version of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient Needs Questionnaire. Demographic and clinical data were also captured. Low SES was defined as annual household income <30 k, education level below high school, or moderate–high concern for transportation, food or housing. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between unmet health‐related needs and SES.ResultsThere were 433 participants; 89.8% identified as women, 16.2% lived outside the US, and 25.6% were classified as low SES. Over 70% of respondents reported at least one moderate–high need in the health‐related unmet need domains. In multivariable logistic regression, patients in the low‐SES group reported significantly higher odds of unmet needs compared to the moderate–high‐SES group: for adequate information about side effects (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.06–2.53, p = 0.026), opportunity to speak with others with AIH (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.50–3.66, p < 0.001), healthcare professionals acknowledging patient emotions (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.56–3.74, p < 0.001) and being taken seriously by medical providers (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.34–3.28, p = 0.001).ConclusionThere is a high burden of health‐related unmet needs in all patients with AIH that is exacerbated by low SES.
Endoscopic lavage for an infected pelvic hematoma in a patient with pelvic sepsis after anterior pelvic exenteration
Authors: Shoji Ryohei , Teraishi Fuminori , Kondo Yoshitaka , Inokuchi Toshihiro , Kinugasa Hideaki , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnastomotic leakage and subsequent pelvic sepsis are serious complications after surgery for pelvic malignancies, particularly challenging due to the large pelvic cavity dead space post‐exenteration. We report a 47‐year‐old man treated for a severely infected pelvic hematoma and sepsis following anastomotic leakage after anterior pelvic exenteration. Post robot‐assisted exenteration for locally advanced sigmoid colon cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a pelvic abscess from anastomotic dehiscence was identified. Initial CT‐guided drainage and subsequent laparoscopic drainage were performed. On postoperative day 22, a bleeding left internal iliac pseudoaneurysm required embolization. Despite these efforts, the sepsis worsened due to an enlarged, infected hematoma. Endoscopic lavage, in collaboration with skilled endoscopists, successfully removed the hematoma, leading to an improved inflammatory response, and the patient was discharged. Endoscopic lavage proved to be the safest and most effective treatment for pelvic sepsis with an infected hematoma after various attempted interventions.
Turmeric essential oil improves intestinal integrity, immunological parameters, and performance of broiler chickens under cyclic heat stress
Authors: dos Santos Macário Maíse , Del Vesco Ana Paula , Brito Claudson Oliveira , de Oliveira Isis Regina Santos , Santana Thaís Pacheco , de Souza Khatlab Angélica , Barbosa Leandro Teixeira 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine whether dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with turmeric essential could mitigate the effects of cyclic heat stress conditions. Intestinal and immunological parameters and gene expression were evaluated during the grower phase. A total of 320 21‐day‐old male Cobb 500 broilers were distributed according to a completely randomized design with a 4 (diet) × 2 (environment) factorial arrangement and eight replications of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet without essential oil (EO, negative control) and three diets containing low (100 mg kg−1), intermediate (200 mg kg−1), or high (300 mg kg−1) levels of turmeric EO. In the heat stress group, dietary supplementation with turmeric EO at 100 and 200 mg kg−1 improved body weight, feed conversion, breast yield, and relative liver weight. These supplementation levels reduced villus width, increased villus/crypt ratio, reduced the H/L ratio, and improved hepatic (HSP70 and SREBP1) and intestinal (OCLN) gene expression in birds under heat stress. These findings support the hypothesis that turmeric EO can be used to improve or restore intestinal integrity, modulate inflammation parameters, and, consequently, enhance the performance of broilers challenged by cyclic heat stress.
Staff Perceptions of Mental Health Relapse Prevention Support in a Specialist Mental Health Service in an Intellectual Disability Setting
Authors: Sinnott Shannon , O'Donovan Cliodhna , Guerin Suzanne 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe present study investigated staff perspectives on supporting individuals with intellectual disabilities with mental health relapse prevention.MethodsEight staff with experience working with or supporting individuals engaged with a specialist mental health in intellectual disability (MHID) service (team member = 2, management roles = 2, nursing/social care = 4; average years' experience = 16 years, SD = 13.7) completed semi‐structured interviews and thematic analysis was conducted on the resulting data.FindingsParticipants held mostly positive views of MHID supports and described being actively involved in individualised and person‐centred mental health supports. There was variation in awareness and recognition of relapse prevention between MHID and other (frontline) staff. Although frontline staff generally did not express explicit knowledge of relapse prevention, there was implicit staff awareness surrounding ongoing mental health supports, managing risk and coping strategies. Frontline staff also reported a lack of knowledge of the discharge process from the MHID service. Staff questioned the nature of discharge in mental health intellectual disability supports.ConclusionThis study identifies a gap in frontline staff's explicit knowledge of mental health relapse prevention, while also highlighting the importance of ongoing mental health support for individuals with intellectual disabilities.
Meeting report of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Developmental Biologists
Authors: Takeuchi Yuzuka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe 57th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Developmental Biologists was held at Miyako Messe and ROHM Theater Kyoto from June 19 to 22, 2024. After the COVID‐19 pandemic, this was the first meeting where all restrictions were removed. This year's theme was “Breaking Through Boundaries.” It was set to be enjoyed by everyone across academic fields and nationalities. About 600 people from 16 countries participated in this meeting. Four workshops, 117 posters, 16 oral sessions (80 titles), 7 symposia, 2 plenary lectures, and various other formats ware included. I would like to share some of the lively discussions and wonderful sessions that I attended.
Interplay between sanctions, donor conditionality, and food insecurity in complex emergencies: the case of Syria
Authors: Kanfash Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThirteen years into conflict, Syria remains one of the world's major humanitarian crises. Food insecurity has reached unprecedented levels in the country, with millions of civilians facing starvation and hunger. The key drivers of this are conflict‐related, nature‐induced, and, importantly, man‐made policies. Semi‐comprehensive sanctions against the country and donor conditionality vis‐à‐vis humanitarian operators' work are prime examples of the latter. These policies are inextricably linked with food insecurity in Syria and have direct and indirect impacts on it. Understanding the ongoing crisis as a complex emergency, this paper examines the interplay between sanctions, donor conditionality, and food insecurity, an understudied subject in the Syrian context. It explores how sanctions and donor conditionality influence three key dimensions of food security, namely, availability, affordability and economic access, and utilisation, and subsequently worsen the conditions confronting the Syrian population. The paper contributes to discussions on food security in conflict settings and how sanctions negatively affect civilians in targeted countries.
Why gender norms matter
Authors: Sakamoto Ryo , Kohara Miki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study examines the influence of gender norms on household behaviour and welfare. Using Japanese household data, we find that households with a conventional norm on gender roles spend more time on housework and less money on family‐common goods. To understand the underlying mechanism, we construct a collective labour supply model that explicitly introduces gender norms. We show that an inefficient ratio of wives' household time to that of husbands leads to an increase in the shadow price of domestic goods, through which the norm distorts the time and money allocated to home production and decreases household welfare.
The refuse dump provides information that influences the foraging preferences of leaf‐cutting ants
Authors: Alma Andrea Marina , Arenas Andres , Carina Fernandez Patrica , Buteler Micaela 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The ability to respond to local stimuli individually and propagate information among colony members has allowed social organisms to generate collective responses. Leaf‐cutting ants are an excellent model to study this because, apart from exchanging information among groups assigned to different tasks (foragers, gardeners, and midden workers—ants working in refuse dumps), they also do so with their symbiotic fungus.
Here, we tested the role of refuse dumps as an information centre influencing the foraging decisions of Acromyrmex lobicornis under field conditions. To simulate the presence of discarded resources, oat flakes were added to the refuse dumps of treated colonies, while the refuse dumps of controls remained untreated. After 24 h and for 6 weeks, we offered new clean oat flakes on the foraging trails simultaneously with cornflakes, another palatable resource that was never experienced by the ants on the dump.
Although the oat flakes were suitable for the ants and harmless to the fungus, the acceptance index—a ratio of oat flakes foraged to total oat and cornflakes offered—decreased by 55% 24 h after the ants interacted with oat flakes in the refuse dump. After 6 weeks, the acceptance index recovered to levels that did not differ from initial values.
Therefore, ants might use waste to obtain information about the suitability of resources found in foraging trails. We explore potential mechanisms underlying the transmission of information from refuse dumps to foraging trails, shedding light on the intricate dynamics of collective decision‐making in social insect colonies.
Genomic Diversity as a Key Conservation Criterion: Proof‐of‐Concept From Mammalian Whole‐Genome Resequencing Data
Authors: Jeon Jong Yoon , Black Andrew N. , Heenkenda Erangi J. , Mularo Andrew J. , Lamka Gina F. , Janjua Safia , Brüniche‐Olsen Anna , Bickham John W. , Willoughby Janna R. , DeWoody J. Andrew 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMany international, national, state, and local organizations prioritize the ranking of threatened and endangered species to help direct conservation efforts. For example, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assesses the Green Status of species and publishes the influential Red List of threatened species. Unfortunately, such conservation yardsticks do not explicitly consider genetic or genomic diversity (GD), even though GD is positively associated with contemporary evolutionary fitness, individual viability, and with future evolutionary potential. To test whether populations of genome sequences could help improve conservation assessments, we estimated GD metrics from 82 publicly available mammalian datasets and examined their statistical association with attributes related to conservation. We also considered intrinsic biological factors, including trophic level and body mass, that could impact GD and quantified their relative influences. Our results identify key population GD metrics that are both reflective and predictive of IUCN conservation categories. Specifically, our analyses revealed that Watterson's theta (the population mutation rate) and autozygosity (a product of inbreeding) are associated with the current Red List categorization, likely because demographic declines that lead to “listing” decisions also reduce levels of standing genetic variation. We argue that by virtue of this relationship, conservation organizations like IUCN could leverage emerging genome sequence data to help categorize Red List threat rankings (especially in otherwise data‐deficient species) and/or enhance Green Status assessments to establish a baseline for future population monitoring. Thus, our paper (1) outlines the theoretical and empirical justification for a new GD‐based assessment criterion, (2) provides a bioinformatic pipeline for estimating GD from population genomic data, and (3) suggests an analytical framework that can be used to measure baseline GD while providing quantitative GD context for consideration by conservation authorities.
Demographic History and Inbreeding in Two Declining Sea Duck Species Inferred From Whole‐Genome Sequence Data
Authors: Cádiz María I. , Tengstedt Aja Noersgaard Buur , Sørensen Iben Hove , Pedersen Emma Skindbjerg , Fox Anthony David , Hansen Michael M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic impact has transitioned from threatening already rare species to causing significant declines in once numerous organisms. Long‐tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) and velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca) were once important quarry sea duck species in NW Europe, but recent declines resulted in their reclassification as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. We sequenced and assembled genomes for both species and resequenced 15 individuals of each. Using analyses based on site frequency spectra and sequential Markovian coalescence, we found C. hyemalis to show more historical demographic stability, whereas M. fusca was affected particularly by the Last (Weichselian) Glaciation. This likely reflects C. hyemalis breeding continuously across the Arctic, with cycles of glaciation primarily shifting breeding areas south or north without major population declines, whereas the more restricted southern range of M. fusca would lead to significant range contraction during glaciations. Both species showed evidence of declines over the past thousands of years, potentially reflecting anthropogenic pressures with the recent decline indicating an accelerated process. Analysis of runs of homozygosity (ROH) showed low but nontrivial inbreeding, with FROH from 0.012 to 0.063 in C. hyemalis and ranging from 0 to 0.047 in M. fusca. Lengths of ROH suggested that this was due to ongoing background inbreeding rather than recent declines. Overall, despite demographically important declines, this has not yet led to strong inbreeding and genetic erosion, and the most pressing conservation concern may be the risk of density‐dependent (Allee) effects. We recommend monitoring of inbreeding using ROH analysis as a cost‐efficient method to track future developments to support effective conservation of these species.
Exploring litigation abuse in Ontario: An analysis of costs decisions
Authors: Bala Nicholas , Benedetti Ella , Franzmann Sydney 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLitigation abuse is a pattern of conduct that misuses the Family Court process in a way that could reasonably be expected to cause emotional or financial harm to the other party or their children which is greater than would occur with the proper use of the family justice process. Litigation abuse may be motivated by a perpetrator's desire to gain an unfair advantage in the litigation or to control a former partner, or may be the result of anger, vengeance, or mental health issues. Litigation abuse is a particular concern in cases of coercive controlling violence that may victimize women and their children, or in cases that involve parental alienation. Previous empirical research has mainly involved studies of women who report that they have been victims of litigation abuse, with one study focusing exclusively on male victims. No previous study has considered both men and women as possible victims (or perpetrators) of litigation abuse, or the perspectives of neutral professionals like judges for assessing whether there has been litigation abuse. This empirical research project is based on an analysis of Ontario Family Court decisions over a three‐year period dealing with litigation costs, which under provincial law may be awarded at a higher level against a party whom the judge considers acted unreasonably, vexatiously or in bad faith during litigation (n = 222). Men were somewhat more likely to have engaged in litigation abuse than women (53% vs 47%). Self‐represented litigants were roughly twice as likely to engage in litigation abuse, though most cases of litigation abuse involved parties with lawyers. Women were more likely be victims of litigation abuse in economic cases, while men were more likely to be victims of litigation abuse in cases focused on parenting.
That's amore?: Intimate partner femicide in Italy and the failures of the Italian legislature to prevent violence against women
Authors: Cinquemani Deanna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntimate partner femicide has caused growing concern in Italy, as instances continue to occur frequently. The Italian legislature has a long history of legislation that failed to protect women from violence, especially within their family units. Despite significant improvements to legislation over the last few decades, the problem of intimate partner femicide persists. This Note focuses on the failures of the penal code and accompanying statutes in preventing intimate partner femicide. The proposal is for legislation that will impose higher sentences for intimate partner homicide, remove judicial discretion in sentencing procedures, and require anti‐violence and gender equality education in schools.
How to reduce gluten in foods: a critical review of patents
Authors: Gélinas Pierre , Théolier Jérémie 
Published: September 2024

SummarySpecific gluten protein fractions cause major health problems to individuals with coeliac disease. The aim of this study was to review gluten reduction in foods based on information disclosed in patents, a rarely cited source, with support from science. Overall, 89 patents on gluten reduction in foods were published up to August 2024, and 79% reported unique information, not mentioned in the scientific literature. The most popular topics were wheat and barley genes modifications, proteolytic enzymes for brewing, and proteolytic bacterial starters for bread making. Other gluten detoxification and removal techniques comprised kernels sorting, as well as separation, binding, heating, and chemical treatments. Extensive degradation of gluten‐containing ingredients impaired much food properties, especially in bread. Few patented inventions on gluten reduction would meet the needs of coeliac persons because gluten‐free foods need to be prepared with low‐gluten ingredients, as confirmed by proper analytical techniques.
Comparison of renal function between the artery and vein clamp and artery‐only clamp in robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy for moderate‐ to high‐complexity renal masses: A propensity‐matched study
Authors: Muraoka Kentaro , Jikuya Ryosuke , Uemura Koichi , Kondo Takuya , Tatenuma Tomoyuki , Komeya Mitsuru , Ito Hiroki , Ito Yusuke , Hasumi Hisashi , Makiyama Kazuhide 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveArtery and vein (AV) clamps can control venous bleeding in the surgical field and prevent carbon dioxide embolism, especially when large veins are expected to open. However, whether AV clamps cause more renal damage than artery‐only (AO) clamps remains unclear. This study aimed to compare renal function and blood loss in surgeries using AO and AV clamps based on high RENAL nephrometry scores (RNS) in robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 500 patients who underwent RAPN between March 2016 and December 2021. We performed 1:1 propensity matching for these patients.ResultsA total of 340 patients with pathological malignancies who were followed up for at least 12 months were included in this analysis. A total of 291 patients with AO clamping and 49 patients with AV clamping were included. Overall, the AV clamp group had higher total RNSs and larger diameters than the AO clamp group. Propensity score‐matched analysis included 37 patients in each clamp group. The median warm ischemia times of the AV and AO clamps were 25 and 22 min, respectively, with no significant difference. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the amount of blood loss, rate of acute kidney injury (AKI), or renal function at 1, 3, or 12 months post‐RAPN.ConclusionCompared with the AO clamp, the AV clamp did not have a detrimental impact on blood loss or renal dysfunction. Consequently, AV clamps may be considered for patients presenting with moderate‐to‐high‐complexity RNSs.