bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Incision Healing After Total Ankle Replacement Using the Agility Total Ankle Replacement System
Authors: Kane Justin M. , Costanzo James A. , Raikin Steven M. 
Published: November 2015

Background: The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to aid in healing of operative incisions has been well documented in the literature. Most studies have been conducted retrospectively with small sample sizes and are conflicting in their outcomes. As such, no consensus exists regarding the utility of PRP for augmenting incisional healing. The Agility total ankle replacement (TAR) poses a significant challenge with respect to incisional healing in the immediate postoperative time frame and was used as a standardized implant in this study. We hypothesized that treating the anterior incision with PRP after Agility TAR would reduce the incidence of incision healing complications. Methods: A retrospective review of 133 consecutive Agility TAR performed by a single surgeon at a single institution was conducted. Platelet-rich plasma was used to augment incisional closure in 78 patients undergoing TAR. Fifty-five patients had incisional closure without PRP application. Incision healing complications were stratified into patients healing without any complications (none), patients requiring prolonged local wound care (minor), and patients requiring a return to the operation theater to address an incisional complication (major). Results: No statistically significant difference existed between patients treated with PRP incisional augmentation and those without PRP augmentation. Eight patients (10.3%) receiving PRP underwent operative treatment of an incisional complication, whereas 3 patients (5.5%) who had a nonaugmented closure required operative treatment ( P = .52). The incidence of minor complications was not statistically significant, with 25 (32.1%) patients receiving PRP and 15 (27.3) patients who had a nonaugmented closure requiring prolonged local treatment ( P = .85). Conclusions: Limited data exist regarding the use of PRP in the augmentation of the closure of operative incisions. We were unable to find a statistically significant reduction in incision-related complications in patients who had their incisions augmented with PRP. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Evaluation of an ultrasound-guided technique for axillary brachial plexus blockade in cats
Authors: Ansón Agustina , Laredo Francisco G , Gil Francisco , Soler Marta , Belda Eliseo , Agut Amalia 
Published: December 2015

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate and refine an ultrasound (US)-guided technique to block the brachial plexus (BP) at the level of the axillary space in live cats. Methods Eight adult experimental cats were enrolled into the study. The animals were sedated and positioned in dorsal recumbency with the limb to be blocked abducted 90º. The US transducer was placed in the axillary region and a non-traumatic peripheral nerve block needle was inserted in-plane with respect to the transducer, medial to the BP up to the level of the axillary artery. Lidocaine 1% (0.4 ml/kg) was injected as the needle was being progressively withdrawn in a caudal-to-cranial direction. The efficacy of the block was confirmed by evaluation of the motor and sensory functions of the blocked forelimb. Motor blockade was assessed observing the position of the blocked leg on standing and walking patterns. Sensory blockade was evaluated by the stimulation of mechanical nociceptors in the dermatomes supplied by the four major sensory nerves of the distal thoracic limb. Results The BP was successfully located by US in all cases. The achieved BP block was complete in six cats (75%) and partial in the remaining two cats (25%). All animals recovered uneventfully from the sedation and the BP blocks. Conclusions and relevance The US-guided block at the axillary space evaluated in this study is a feasible, reproducible and safe technique to block the BP plexus in experimental live cats.
A comparative study of the feet of middle‐aged women in Korea and the Maasai tribe
Authors: Choi Jun Young , Woo Sang Hyun , Oh Sang Hyun , Suh Jin Soo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundMembers of the Maasai tribe spend their days either barefoot or wearing traditional shoes made from recycled car tires. Although they walk long distances (up to 60 km) daily, they do not generally experience foot ailments. Here, we compared parameters associated with the feet, ankles, and gait of middle‐aged women in Korea and the Maasai tribe.MethodsFoot length, calf circumference, hindfoot alignment, step length, cadence, and walking velocity were compared among 20 middle‐aged Korean and bush‐living Maasai women. Static and dynamic Harris mat footprints were taken to determine the distribution of forefoot pressure patterns during walking. We also compared several radiographic parameters with standing foot and ankle radiographs.ResultsThe mean foot length and width were significantly longer in Maasai women. Interestingly, 38 ft (96 %) in the Maasai group showed a claw deformity of the toe (s). There were no statistically significant differences in gait‐related indices and Harris mat findings between the two groups. On radiographic analysis, tibial anterior surface angle, tibial lateral surface angle, talonavicular coverage angle, talo‐first metatarsal angle, Meary angle, and naviculo‐cuboidal overlap were significantly greater in the Maasai group, whereas hallux valgus angle and the first and second intermetatarsal angle were greater in the Korean group.ConclusionsMiddle‐aged women from the Maasai tribe showed a higher prevalence of abducted forefeet, everted hindfeet, and fallen medial longitudinal arches than did Korean women, while Korean women showed a higher prevalence of hallux valgus, a preserved medial longitudinal arch, and toes that are free from claw deformity.
Promotion of human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis by PI3-kinase/Akt signaling, and the influence of caveolin-1/cholesterol homeostasis
Authors: Baker Natasha , Sohn Jihee , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Stem cells are considered an important resource for tissue repair and regeneration. Their utilization in regenerative medicine will be aided by mechanistic insight into their responsiveness to external stimuli. It is likely that, similar to all other cells, an initial determinant of stem cell responsiveness to external stimuli is the organization of signaling molecules in cell membrane rafts. The clustering of signaling molecules in these cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains can affect the activity, specificity, cross-talk and amplification of cell signaling. Membrane rafts fall into two broad categories, non-caveolar and caveolar, based on the absence or presence, respectively, of caveolin scaffolding proteins. We have recently demonstrated that caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression increases during, and knockdown of Cav-1 expression enhances, osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The increase in Cav-1 expression observed during osteogenesis is likely a negative feedback mechanism. We hypothesize that focal adhesion signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt signaling may be negatively regulated by Cav-1 during human MSC osteogenesis.

Methods
Human bone marrow MSCs were isolated from femoral heads obtained after total hip arthroplasty. MSCs were incubated in standard growth medium alone or induced to osteogenically differentiate by the addition of supplements (β-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3). The activation of and requirement for PI3K/Akt signaling in MSC osteogenesis were assessed by immunoblotting for phosphorylated Akt, and treatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and Akt siRNA, respectively. The influences of Cav-1 and cholesterol membrane rafts on PI3K/Akt signaling were investigated by treatment with Cav-1 siRNA, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, or cholesterol oxidase, followed by cellular sub-fractionation and/or immunoblotting for phosphorylated Akt.

Results
LY294002 and Akt siRNA inhibited MSC osteogenesis. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin, which disrupts all membrane rafts, inhibited osteogenesis. Conversely, Cav-1 siRNA and cholesterol oxidase, which displaces Cav-1 from caveolae, enhanced Akt signaling induced by osteogenic supplements. In control cells, phosphorylated Akt began to accumulate in caveolae after 10 days of osteogenic differentiation.

Conclusions
PI3K/Akt signaling is a key pathway required for human MSC osteogenesis, and it is likely that localization of active Akt in non-caveolar and caveolar membrane rafts positively and negatively contributes to osteogenesis, respectively.
Fat on sale: role of adipose-derived stem cells as anti-fibrosis agent in regenerative medicine
Authors: Gupta Manoj K. , Ajay Amrendra Kumar 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe potential use of stem cells for cell-based tissue repair and regeneration offers alternative therapeutic strategies for various diseases. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as a promising source of stem cells suitable for transplantation in regenerative medicine and wound repair. A recent publication in Stem Cell Research & Therapy by Zhang and colleagues reports a new finding about the anti-fibrosis role of ADSCs and conditioned media derived from them on hypertrophic scar formation in vivo.
Adjuvant Radioactive iodine 131 ablation in papillary microcarcinoma of thyroid: Saudi Arabian experience
Authors: Al-Qahtani Khalid Hussain , Al Asiri Mushabbab , Tunio Mutahir A. , Aljohani Naji J. , Bayoumi Yasser , Fatani Hanadi , AlHadab Abdulrehman 
Published: December 2015

Background Papillary Microcarcinoma (PMC) of thyroid is a rare type of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), which according to the World Health Organization measures 1.0 cm or less. The gold standard of treatment of PMC is still controversy. Our aim was to contribute in resolving the debate on the therapeutic choices of the surgical and adjuvant I-131 (RAI) treatment in PMC. Methods From 2000 to 2012, 326 patients were found to have PMC and were retrospectively reviewed for clinicopathological characteristics, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors. Results Mean age of cohort was 42.6 years (range: 18–76) and the mean tumor size was 0.61 cm ± 0.24; lymph node involvement was seen in 12.9 % of cases. Median follow up period was 8.05 years (1.62–11.4). Total 23 all site recurrences (7.13 %) were observed; more observed in patients without I-131 ablation ( p <0.0001). Ten year DFS rates were 89.6 %. Cox regression Model analysis revealed size, histopathologic variants, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, lymphovascular space invasion, nodal status, and adjuvant RAI ablation the important prognostic factors affecting DFS. Discussion Despite excellent DFS rates, a small proportion of patients with PMC develop recurrences after treatment. Adjuvant RAI therapy improves DFS in PMC patients with aggressive histopathologic variants, multifocality, ETE, LVSI, tumor size (> 0.5 cm) and lymph node involvement. Failure of RAI ablation to decrease risk in N1a/b supports prophylactic central neck dissection during thyroidectomy, however more trials are warranted. Conclusion Adjuvant I-131 ablation following thyroidectomy in PMC patients, particularly with poor prognostic factors improves DFS rates.
Chemotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient receiving clozapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia: use of the Mental Capacity Act 2005
Authors: Chamberlain Florence Elizabeth , Walsh Nicholas , Falkowski Jan 
Published: December 2015

SummaryTreatment resistance occurs in approximately 30% of individuals with schizophrenia and is commonly treated with clozapine. Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's lymphoma is a subtype of Hodgkin's lymphoma predominantly affecting those under 50 years of age. In this case report, an individual with treatment-resistant schizophrenia developed nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's lymphoma and is treated with concurrent clozapine and systemic chemotherapy. The aim of this case report is to act as guidance for clinicians and to outline the difficulties of treating individuals with psychiatric illness under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 when the proposed treatment could lead to high levels of morbidity and mortality.
The application of mental health legislation in younger children
Authors: Thomas Victoria , Chipchase Barry , Rippon Lisa , McArdle Paul 
Published: December 2015

SummaryWe review a case history of a young child who was admitted to an in-patient mental health unit due to extremely challenging behaviour and review the legal issues that had to be considered in ensuring that there was appropriate legal authority for the child's admission and treatment. In this particular case, the patient was detained for assessment under section 2 of the Mental Health Act 1983. This case demonstrates that all clinicians working in this area require a good understanding of the law in relation to treatment of children with mental disorder, which is extremely complex.
Are psychiatrists only fools and horses to be open all hours?
Authors: Wannan Gary , Wise M. E. Jan 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe UK government's proposal for 24-hour healthcare means effectively asking doctors to work more unsociable hours for relatively little financial gain. In our opinion, psychiatry is particularly vulnerable to deterioration owing to negotiations of the terms of the current Consultant Contract that ensures fewer antisocial hours, whereas without parallel appropriate internal team and intra-agency working, provisions for which are not included in the government's proposals to extend care, patient care is vulnerable. Clarification and a narrower redefinition of what constitutes a psychiatric emergency is called for.
Some constructions of modular forms for the Weil representation of SL2(ℤ)
Authors: Scheithauer Nils R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractModular forms for the Weil representation of SL2 (ℤ) play an important role in the theory of automorphic forms on orthogonal groups. In this paper we give some explicit constructions of these functions. As an application, we construct new examples of generalized Kac-Moody algebras whose denominator identities are holomorphic automorphic products of singular weight. They correspond naturally to the Niemeier lattices with root systems and to the Leech lattice.
Stochastic calculus over symmetric Markov processes with time reversal
Authors: Kuwae K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe develop stochastic calculus for symmetric Markov processes in terms of time reversal operators. For this, we introduce the notion of the progressively additive functional in the strong sense with time-reversible defining sets. Most additive functionals can be regarded as such functionals. We obtain a refined formula between stochastic integrals by martingale additive functionals and those by Nakao's divergence-like continuous additive functionals of zero energy. As an application, we give a stochastic characterization of harmonic functions on a domain with respect to the infinitesimal generator of semigroup on L2-space obtained by lower-order perturbations.
Differentiated muscles are mandatory for gas-filling of theDrosophilaairway system
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Cruz Tina , Irion Uwe , Moussian Bernard 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTAt the end of development, organs acquire functionality, thereby ensuring autonomy of an organism when it separates from its mother or a protective egg. In insects, respiratory competence starts when the tracheal system fills with gas just before hatching of the juvenile animal. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of this process are not fully understood. Analyses of the phenotype of Drosophila embryos with malformed muscles revealed that they fail to gas-fill their tracheal system. Indeed, we show that major regulators of muscle formation like Lame duck and Blown fuse are important, while factors involved in the development of subsets of muscles including cardiac and visceral muscles are dispensable for this process, suggesting that somatic muscles (or parts of them) are essential to enable tracheal terminal differentiation. Based on our phenotypic data, we assume that somatic muscle defect severity correlates with the penetrance of the gas-filling phenotype. This argues that a limiting molecular or mechanical muscle-borne signal tunes tracheal differentiation. We think that in analogy to the function of smooth muscles in vertebrate lungs, a balance of physical forces between muscles and the elasticity of tracheal walls may be decisive for tracheal terminal differentiation in Drosophila.
Activation of apoptosis in NAF-1-deficient human epithelial breast cancer cells
Authors: Holt Sarah H. , Darash-Yahana Merav , Sohn Yang Sung , Song Luhua , Karmi Ola , Tamir Sagi , Michaeli Dorit , Luo Yuting , Paddock Mark L. , Jennings Patricia A. , Onuchic José N. , Azad Rajeev K. , Pikarsky Eli , Cabantchik Ioav Z. , Nechushtai Rachel , Mittler Ron 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Maintaining iron (Fe) ion and reactive oxygen species homeostasis is essential for cellular function, mitochondrial integrity and the regulation of cell death pathways, and is recognized as a key process underlying the molecular basis of aging and various diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Nutrient-deprivation autophagy factor 1 (NAF-1; also known as CISD2) belongs to a newly discovered class of Fe-sulfur proteins that are localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. It has been implicated in regulating homeostasis of Fe ions, as well as the activation of autophagy through interaction with BCL-2. Here we show that small hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated suppression of NAF-1 results in the activation of apoptosis in epithelial breast cancer cells and xenograft tumors. Suppression of NAF-1 resulted in increased uptake of Fe ions into cells, a metabolic shift that rendered cells more susceptible to a glycolysis inhibitor, and the activation of cellular stress pathways that are associated with HIF1α. Our studies suggest that NAF-1 is a major player in the metabolic regulation of breast cancer cells through its effects on cellular Fe ion distribution, mitochondrial metabolism and the induction of apoptosis.
Main stages of formation and development of the classic concept of quality of life
Authors: Харитонова Татьяна , Kharitonova Tatyana 
Published: December 2015

The content of this article is devoted to theoretical aspects of the study of the problems of welfare, the life quality and
lifestyle of the population, which the author calls with one simple notion – the quality of life. The article contains
certain elements of scientific novelty. In particular, the author establishes the main components of quality of life:
economic, ecological, sociological and psychological. The article proves that all the components interact in the
complex; none of them is prevail against other and cannot replace others. The article also clarified the structure of the
category “quality of life”, which, on the one hand, indicates the ability to satisfy human needs, including the needs of
society; on the other hand, shows the degree of satisfaction of the person’s own life. Such a dualistic approach to the
concept of quality of life is, in the author’s opinion, the basis for the formation of the concept of quality of life based on
objective and subjective assessments. This concept in the framework of the research has been classical, because, in
fact, was formed because of century evolution of different theories and scientific approaches to problems of quality of
life. The author characterizes the four historical phases, which formed four distinct approaches to understanding the
level and quality of life. The author further discussed the material, quantitative and integrated approaches, as these
approaches formed in scientific and theoretical terms and as independent academic schools. The article is a logical
continuation of the research of the author on issues related to the quality of life of the population.
Historical basis for designing tourist programs “Spain during the reign of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian
Authors: Спатарь-Козаченко Татьяна , Spatar-Kozachenko Tatyana 
Published: December 2015

Sightseeing, or cognitive, tourism includes visits to historical, cultural and natural attractions. Historical basis
for designing the tourist-excursion programs is topical nowadays. One of the interesting regions is the Iberian
Peninsula with the Roman monuments that have survived to the present day. The article reveals the origins
of the foundation and formation of territorial entities. The beginning of these formations belongs to the reign
of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian. The article is about the rise to power of Octavian, the conquests of the Roman
army, fight of North of the Iberian Peninsula peoples for independence, the development of new colonies
and cities, administrative reorganization of the territory of Spain, the formation of Conventions. The author
shows the real changes in the Northern areas of the Peninsula. They gave the territory, which natives originally
occupied, to military units for building bases and the business environment; traffic and communications
developed. There was a need in the minting and use of coins as a measure of exchange. This led to political,
administrative, social and economic changes in the community. The author demonstrates the different forms
of government, organizing cultural and social events. This article contains historical and regional character,
devoted to the development of civilization in the Iberian Peninsula, architectural monuments of the Romanera. The article can be interesting for students, teachers of secondary and higher educational institutions, as well as a wide range of persons interested in culture, history and tourism of Spain.