bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in olive oil composition due to microwave heating
Authors: Cossignani L. , Simonetti M. S. , Neri A. , Damiani P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe effects of microwave heating on some components of extra‐virgin olive oil were studied. Traditional parameters, including free acidity, peroxide value and ultraviolet absorbance values at 232 and 268 nm, were determined in six extra‐virgin olive oil samples before and after the microwave treatment. Significant differences (P<0.01) were detected for free acidity, peroxide, and ultraviolet absorbance at 268 nm; also, the absorbances at 232 nm showed significant differences (P<0.05) between treated and untreated samples. The glycerolic fractions, triacylglycerols (TAG), diacylglycerols (DAG), and monoacylglycerols (MAG), were isolated by thin‐layer chromatography. The respective percentage fatty acid (FA) composition and percentage amount were obtained by high‐resolution gas chromatography with an internal standard. For the most abundant TAG fraction, the stereospecific analysis was carried out to obtain the FA percentage compositions of the three sn‐positions. Small but significant modifications were observed regarding the decrease in the TAG percentage and increases in the DAG and MAG percentage amounts. No significant changes were observed for the FA compositions of TAG, DAG, and MAG fractions before and after the treatment. Nevertheless, the results of TAG stereospecific analysis showed losses of unsaturated FA in all sn‐positions. Higher percentage changes in the sn‐1‐ than in sn‐2‐position of TAG were observed. Regarding the volatile fraction, different profiles were obtained after the treatment.
Oil extracted from seal hides: Characterization and use as leather fat liquor
Authors: Cuq M. H. , Benjelloun‐Mlayah B. , Delmas M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExtracting natural grease from leathers and skins is a necessary process designed to avoid the appearance of undesirable blemishes in finished articles. Also, degreasing of pickled skins is an important preliminary step in which excess fats are removed. Fat content of some skins is high. In this paper, we study the characteristics of the extracted fatty substances from seal skins. Extracted fats, which were considered waste, can be used as fat liquors in leather manufacture. The primary function of leather lubricant is to prevent adhesion of the leather fibers and to influence the degree of fiber cohesion that takes place during drying of wet leathers. In mineral tannage or semimineral tannage (e.g., semi‐chrome), this is achieved by the fatliquoring of leather, for which purpose mostly anionic emulsifiable oil products are used. Seal oil is made into an emulsifiable anionic product by sulfation or by addition of anionic emulsifiers. We tested these products in lambskin fat‐liquoring and we studied the physical properties of leather and fatty spue (white efflorescences that appear sometimes on the surface of leather) formation after aging for 3 mon. The oil extracted from seal skins has good characteristics as fat liquor, and the quality of the resulting leather is comparable to leathers fat‐liquored with a commercial reference material.
Lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of hydroxy stearates and their properties
Authors: Ghosh Mahua , Bhattacharyya D. K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHydroxy fatty acid (HFA) esters of long‐chain alcohols, such as hydroxy stearates, have potential applications from lubricants to cosmetics. These esters were synthesized enzymatically to overcome the problems associated with chemical processes. An immobilized lipase, Rhizomucor miehei, was employed as catalyst in the esterification reaction between hydroxy‐stearic acid as a source of HFA and monohydric fatty alcohols (C8–C18). The yields of esters were in the range of 82–90% by conducting the reactions at 65±2°C, 2–5 mm Hg pressure, and 10% lipase concentration. The products were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, and some of their analytical characteristics were determined.
Enzymatic interesterification of palm stearin and palm kernel olein
Authors: Zainal Zaida , Affandi Yusoff Mohd Suria 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPalm stearin (POs) and palm kernel olein (PKOo) blends were modified by enzymatic interesterification (IE) to achieve the physical properties of margarine fats. POs and PKOo are both products of the palm oil industry that presently have limited use. Rhizomucor miehei lipase (Lipozyme IM 60) was used to catalyze the interesterification of oil blends at 60°C. The progress of interesterification was monitored by following changes in triacylglyceride composition. At 60°C interesterification can be completed in 5 h. Degrees of hydrolysis obtained through IE for all blends were decreased from 2.9 to 2.0 by use of dry molecular sieves. The solid fat contents of POs/PKOo 30:70 and 70:30 interesterified blends were 9.6 and 18.1 at 20°C, and 0 and 4.1 at 35°C, respectively. The slip melting point (SMP) of POs/PKOo 30:70 was 40.0°C before interesterification and 29.9°C after IE. For POs/PKOs 70:30, SMP was 47.7 before and 37.5°C after IE. These thermal characteristics of interesterified POs/PKOo blend ratios from 30:70 to 70:30 were comparable to those of commercial margarines. Results showed that IE was effective in producing solid fats with less than 0.5% trans.
Lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of waxes from milk fat and oleyl alcohol
Authors: Poisson L. , Jan S. , Vuillemard J. C. , Sarazin C. , Séguin J. P. , Barbotin J. N. , Ergan F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA screening of five lipases was carried out for the synthesis of wax esters from stoichiometric amounts of oleyl alcohol and milk fat in which long‐chain fatty acid content (myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid) represents 70% of the total fatty acid fraction. The lipases from Alcaligenes sp. and Chromobacterium viscosum both allowed for the best ester synthesis (around 60%) within 2 and 48 h, respectively. Enzeco® Lipase Concentrate gave 30% ester yield within only 2 h. During the time period of 166 h, less than 20% ester synthesis was obtained with Lipozyme™ 10,000L whereas Enzeco® Lipase XX did not catalyze the reaction. Owing to commercial availability, the food‐grade Enzeco® Lipase Concentrate preparation was selected for further experiments with a view to improve wax synthesis. Wax yields were compared for three substrate molar ratios, i.e., 0.5:1, 1:1, and 1.5:1 (alcohol/fatty acid). For 0.5:1 and 1.5:1 substrate molar ratios, the addition of water increased ester yields while the effect of silica gel addition was shown to be minor. The best improvement was obtained at a substrate molar ratio of 1.5:1 with addition of water, leading to 59% wax ester synthesis.
Fatty acid and tocopherol contents and oxidative stability of walnut oils
Authors: Savage G. P. , Dutta P. C. , McNeil D. L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWalnuts (Juglans regia L.) were collected during the 1997 harvest from 13 different cultivars of trees grown in a replicated trial in an experimental orchard at Lincoln University. Two U.S. commercial cultivars (Tehama and Vina), three European commercial cultivars (Esterhazy, G139, G120), and eight New Zealand selections (Rex, Dublin’s Glory, Meyric, Stanley, Mckinster, 150, 151, 153) were evaluated. Total lipids were analyzed for fatty acids by capillary gas chromatography, tocopherols by high‐performance liquid chromatography, and oxidation stability by Rancimat. The total oil content of the nuts ranged from 64.2 to 68.9% while the stability of the oil ranged from 3.9 to 7.8 h. The oleic acid content of the oils ranged from 12.7 to 20.4% of the total fatty acids, while 18:2 content ranged from 57.0 to 62.5% and the 18:3 contents ranged from 10.7 to 16.2%. Reduced stability of the oil as measured by the Rancimat method appears to be correlated to higher levels of 18:2 in the extracted oil. The total tocopherol contents of these nuts ranged from 268.5 to 436.0 µg/g oil. γ‐Tocopherol dominated the profile while α‐tocopherol was only 6% of the total content. Peroxide values of the fresh oil were measured spectrophotometrically to give an indication of the overall stability. The levels of total tocopherols when combined with the level of unsaturation in the oil in a multiple regression analysis had a significant relationship (R2=45.2%, P<0.001) with the peroxide value in the oil.
Chemical and physical analyses and sensory evaluation of six deep‐frying oils
Authors: Xu Xin‐Qing , Tran Viet Hung , Palmer Martin , White Keith , Salisbury Philip 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe performance of three high‐oleic canola oils with different levels of linolenic acid [low‐linolenic canola (LLC), medium‐linolenic canola (MLC), and high‐linolenic canola (HLC)], a medium‐high‐oleic sunflower oil, a commercial palm olein and a commercial, partially hydrogenated canola oil, was monitored by chemical and physical analyses and sensory evaluation during two 80‐h deep‐frying trials with potato chips. Linolenic acid content was a critical factor in the deep‐frying performance of the high‐oleic canola oils and was inversely related to both the sensory ranking of the food fried in the oils and the oxidative stability of the oils (as measured by color index, free fatty acid content, and total polar compounds). LLC and sunflower oil were ranked the best of the six oils in sensory evaluation, although LLC performed significantly better than sunflower oil in color index, free fatty acid content, and total polar compounds. MLC was as good as palm olein in sensory evaluation, but was better than palm olein in oxidative stability. Partially hydrogenated canola oil received the lowest scores in sensory evaluation. High‐oleic canola oil (Monola) with 2.5% linolenic acid was found to be very well suited for deep frying.
Cancer cell-derived von Willebrand factor enhanced metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Ai-jun , Wang Min , Wang Yan , Cai Wei , Li Qiang , Zhao Ting-ting , Zhang Li-han , Houck Katie , Chen Xu , Jin Yan-ling , Mu Ji-ying , Dong Jing-fei , Li Min 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCancer prognosis is poor for patients with blood-borne metastasis. Platelets are known to assist cancer cells in transmigrating through the endothelium, but ligands for the platelet-mediated cancer metastasis remain poorly defined. von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a major platelet ligand that has been widely used as a biomarker in cancer and associated inflammation. However, its functional role in cancer growth and metastasis is largely unknown. Here we report that gastric cancer cells from patients and cells from two well-established gastric cancer lines express vWF and secrete it into the circulation, upon which it rapidly becomes cell-bound to mediate cancer-cell aggregation and interaction with platelets and endothelial cells. The vWF-mediated homotypic and heterotypic cell–cell interactions promote the pulmonary graft of vWF-overexpressing gastric cancer BGC823 cells in a mouse model. The metastasis-promoting activity of vWF was blocked by antibodies against vWF and its platelet receptor GP Ibα. It was also reduced by an inhibitory siRNA that suppresses vWF expression. These findings demonstrate a causal role of cancer-cell-derived vWF in mediating gastric cancer metastasis and identify vWF as a new therapeutic target.
Glutathione transferases: substrates, inihibitors and pro-drugs in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Allocati Nerino , Masulli Michele , Di Ilio Carmine , Federici Luca 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGlutathione transferase classical GSH conjugation activity plays a critical role in cellular detoxification against xenobiotics and noxious compounds as well as against oxidative stress. However, this feature is also exploited by cancer cells to acquire drug resistance and improve their survival. As a result, various members of the family were found overexpressed in a number of different cancers. Moreover several GST polymorphisms, ranging from null phenotypes to point mutations, were detected in members of the family and found to correlate with the onset of neuro-degenerative diseases. In the last decades, a great deal of research aimed at clarifying the role played by GSTs in drug resistance, at developing inhibitors to counteract this activity but also at exploiting GSTs for prodrugs specific activation in cancer cells. Here we summarize some of the most important achievements reached in this lively area of research.
The impact of failure: unsuccessful bacterial invasions steer the soil microbial community away from the invader’s niche
Authors: Mallon C A , Le Roux X , van Doorn G S , Dini-Andreote F , Poly F , Salles J F 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Although many environments like soils are constantly subjected to invasion by alien microbes, invaders usually fail to succeed, succumbing to the robust diversity often found in nature. So far, only successful invasions have been explored, and it remains unknown to what extent an unsuccessful invasion can impact resident communities. Here we hypothesized that unsuccessful invasions can cause impacts to soil functioning by decreasing the diversity and niche breadth of resident bacterial communities, which could cause shifts to community composition and niche structure—an effect that is likely exacerbated when diversity is compromised. To examine this question, diversity gradients of soil microbial communities were subjected to invasion by the frequent, yet oft-unsuccessful soil invader, Escherichia coli, and evaluated for changes to diversity, bacterial community composition, niche breadth, and niche structure. Contrary to expectations, diversity and niche breadth increased across treatments upon invasion. Community composition and niche structure were also altered, with shifts of niche structure revealing an escape by the resident community away from the invader’s resources. Importantly, the extent of the escape varied in response to the community’s diversity, where less diverse communities experienced larger shifts. Thus, although transient and unsuccessful, the invader competed for resources with resident species and caused tangible impacts that modified both the diversity and functioning of resident communities, which can likely generate a legacy effect that influences future invasion attempts.
Quorum-sensing control of antibiotic resistance stabilizes cooperation in Chromobacterium violaceum
Authors: Evans Kara C , Benomar Saida , Camuy-Vélez Lennel A , Nasseri Ellen B , Wang Xiaofei , Neuenswander Benjamin , Chandler Josephine R 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Many Proteobacteria use quorum sensing to regulate production of public goods, such as antimicrobials and proteases, that are shared among members of a community. Public goods are vulnerable to exploitation by cheaters, such as quorum sensing-defective mutants. Quorum sensing- regulated private goods, goods that benefit only producing cells, can prevent the emergence of cheaters under certain growth conditions. Previously, we developed a laboratory co-culture model to investigate the importance of quorum-regulated antimicrobials during interspecies competition. In our model, Burkholderia thailandensis and Chromobacterium violaceum each use quorum sensing-controlled antimicrobials to inhibit the other species’ growth. Here, we show that C. violaceum uses quorum sensing to increase resistance to bactobolin, a B. thailandensis antibiotic, by increasing transcription of a putative antibiotic efflux pump. We demonstrate conditions where C. violaceum quorum-defective cheaters emerge and show that in these conditions, bactobolin restrains cheaters. We also demonstrate that bactobolin restrains quorum-defective mutants in our co-culture model, and the increase in antimicrobial-producing cooperators drives the C. violaceum population to become more competitive. Our results describe a mechanism of cheater restraint involving quorum control of efflux pumps and demonstrate that interspecies competition can reinforce cooperative behaviors by placing constraints on quorum sensing-defective mutants.
Tissue Factor-bearing MPs and the risk of venous thrombosis in cancer patients: A meta-analysis
Authors: Cui Chan-juan , Wang Guo-jing , Yang Shuo , Huang Sheng-kai , Qiao Rui , Cui Wei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCancer patients with Tissue Factor (TF)-bearing MPs have been presented association with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but results of these studies have not been consistent. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between TF-bearing MPs and risk of VTE in patients with cancer. PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE Databases were systematically retrieved up to1th June 2017. Two case-control studies and four cohort studies met the entry requirements in this analysis. The summary odd ratio (OR) were estimated by a random effect model. The overall OR was 1.76 (95% CI: 1.21–2.56, I2 = 62.0%). The OR of case-control studies was 3.41 (95% CI: 1.45–8.02, I2 = 0.0%) and that of cohort studies was1.53 (95% CI: 1.05–2.24, I2 = 66.1%). The association between TF-bearing MPs and the risk of VTE in cancer patients was found in this meta-analysis. Publication bias testing and sensitivity subgroup analysis suggested that results of this meta-analysis were robustness. In conclusion, TF-bearing MPs were associated with increased risk of VTE in patients with cancer. Whereas, more well-designed studies and more comprehensive adjustments for confounders in further studies are warranted to affirm the association.
Color and time perception: Evidence for temporal overestimation of blue stimuli
Authors: Thönes S. , von Castell C. , Iflinger J. , Oberfeld D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe perceived duration of a visual stimulus depends on various features, such as its size, shape, and movement. Potential effects of stimulus color have not been investigated in sufficient detail yet, but the well-known effects of arousal on time perception suggest that arousing hues, such as red, might induce an overestimation of duration. By means of a two-interval duration discrimination task in the sub-second range, we investigated whether participants overestimate the duration of red stimuli in comparison to blue stimuli, while controlling for differences in brightness (individual adjustments by means of flicker photometry) and saturation (colorimetric adjustment in terms of the CIELAB color space). Surprisingly, our results show an overestimation of the duration of blue compared to red stimuli (indicated by a shift of the point of subjective equality), even though the red stimuli were rated as being more arousing. The precision (variability) of duration judgments, i.e., the duration difference limen, did not differ between red and blue stimuli, questioning an explanation in terms of attentional processes.
Cerebrospinal fluid chemokine patterns in children with enterovirus 71-related encephalitis
Authors: Liu Jinling , Li Shuxian , Cai Chunyan , Xu Yingchun , Jiang Yuan , Chen Zhimin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEnterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major pathogen that causes hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) as well as neurological complications, such as encephalitis. The chemokines involved in the migration of leukocytes have increasingly been implicated in infectious diseases of the central nervous system. Few studies have evaluated the levels of chemokines in HMFD children with EV71-related encephalitis. In the present study, we evaluated the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the chemokines IL-8, RANTES, MIG, MCP-1 and IP-10 in 99 children with EV71-related encephalitis and 22 children with febrile convulsion (FC). We found that the concentrations of IL-8, RANTES, MIG and IP-10 were significantly higher in HFMD children with encephalitis compared to patients with FC. Additionally, these four chemokines were dramatically reduced during convalescence. Inversely, the level of MCP-1 was lower in encephalitis patients than FC patients and was not significantly reduced during convalescence. Additionally, MIG was strongly correlated with IP-10 in encephalitis patients. Furthermore, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of CSF MIG and IP-10 in distinguishing encephalitis from FC were 0.869 and 0.876, and the corresponding sensitivities/specificities were 67.7%/100.0% and 67.7%/95.5%, respectively. In conclusion, our results indicate that chemokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of EV71 infection.
Vibrio cholerae embraces two major evolutionary traits as revealed by targeted gene sequencing
Authors: Okada Kazuhisa , Wongboot Warawan , Chantaroj Siriporn , Natakuathung Wirongrong , Roobthaisong Amonrattana , Kamjumphol Watcharaporn , Maruyama Fumito , Takemura Taichiro , Nakagawa Ichiro , Ohnishi Makoto , Hamada Shigeyuki 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVibrio cholerae inhabits aquatic environments worldwide and has over 200 recognized serogroups classified by O-polysaccharide specificity. Here, we report that V. cholerae selects either of two genetic traits during their evolution. Sequencing of the specific gene locus MS6_A0927 revealed that 339 of 341 strains of V. cholerae and closely related Vibrio species originating from 34 countries over a century carried either metY (M) (~1,269 bp) or luxR-hchA (LH) (~1,600 bp) genes, and consequently those vibrios were separated into two clusters, M (45.4%) and LH (54.6%). Only two strains contained both M and LH in the same locus. Moreover, extensive polymorphisms in those genes were detected in M and LH with 79 and 46 sequence variations, respectively. V. cholerae O1 strains isolated from cholera outbreaks worldwide, and some non-O1 strains evolving from O1 via exchange of genes encoding cell surface polysaccharides possessed LH alleles. Analysis of polymorphisms in the gene locus implicated a high degree of genetic diversity and identical subpopulations among the V. cholerae species.
Reduction but no shift in brain activation after arithmetic learning in children: A simultaneous fNIRS-EEG study
Authors: Soltanlou Mojtaba , Artemenko Christina , Ehlis Ann-Christine , Huber Stefan , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Dresler Thomas , Nuerk Hans-Christoph 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNeurocognitive studies of arithmetic learning in adults have revealed decreasing brain activation in the fronto-parietal network, along with increasing activation of specific cortical and subcortical areas during learning. Both changes are associated with a shift from procedural to retrieval strategies for problem-solving. Here we address the critical, open question of whether similar neurocognitive changes are also evident in children. In this study, 20 typically developing children were trained to solve simple and complex multiplication problems. The one-session and two-week training effects were monitored using simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG). FNIRS measurement after one session of training on complex multiplication problems revealed decreased activation at the left angular gyrus (AG), right superior parietal lobule, and right intraparietal sulcus. Two weeks of training led to decreased activation at the left AG and right middle frontal gyrus. For both simple and complex problems, we observed increased alpha power in EEG measurements as children worked on trained versus untrained problems. In line with previous multiplication training studies in adults, reduced activation within the fronto-parietal network was observed after training. Contrary to adults, we found that strategy shifts via arithmetic learning were not contingent on the activation of the left AG in children.