bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A computational framework for processing time-series of Earth Observation data based on discrete convolution: global-scale historical Landsat cloud-free aggregates at 30 m spatial resolution
Authors: Consoli Davide , Parente Leandro , Simoes Rolf , Şahin Murat , Tian Xuemeng , Witjes Martijn , Sloat Lindsey , Hengl Tomislav 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Processing extremely large collections of Earth Observation (EO) time-series, often petabyte-sized, such as NASA's Landsat and ESA's Sentinel missions, can be computationally prohibitive and costly. Despite their name, even the Analysis Ready Data (ARD) versions of such collections can rarely be used as direct input for modeling and require additional time-series processing. Existing solutions for readily using these data are not openly available, are poor in performance, or lack flexibility. Addressing this issue, we developed SIRCLE (Signal Imputation and Refinement with Convolution Leaded Engine), a computational framework that can be used to apply diverse time-series processing techniques by simply adjusting the convolution kernel. Together with SIRCLE, this paper presents SWAG (Seasonally Weighted Average Generalization), a method for EO time-series reconstruction integrated in the framework. SWAG can be used as an imputation method to reconstruct EO images affected by the presence of clouds. Compared to a benchmark dataset, SWAG consistently outperformed the reference methods, reducing reconstruction errors by at least 15%. As the first large-scale application, SIRCLE and SWAG were employed to process the entire Global Land Analysis and Discovery (GLAD) ARD-2 Landsat archive, producing a cloud-free bi-monthly aggregated product. This process, covering seven Landsat bands globally from 1997 to 2022, with more than two trillion pixels and for each one a time-series of 156 samples in the aggregated product, required approximately 28 hours of computation using 1248 Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6248R CPUs. The resulting reconstructed images can be used for machine learning models or to map biophysical indices. With the hosting of about 20 TB per band/index for an entire 30 m resolution, bi-monthly historical time-series, stored as Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFFs (COG) and distributed as open data, the product enables seamless, fast, and affordable access to the Landsat archive for environmental monitoring and analysis applications.
Comparative technical-economical evaluation of gasification-based treatment of municipal solid waste
Authors: Reyes Jose Fernando , Machuca Eduardo I. , Esq Wilson D. , Ferrer Javier F. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

A technical-economic analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification was carried out in the commune of Chillán, Chile. The MSW production was quantified and characterized in the 2015–2018 period. The percentage characterization of MSW corresponded to organic matter (61%), other waste (17%), plastic (10%), paper and cardboard (8%) and glass (4%). In the analysis, the countercurrent fixed-bed gasification technology was selected, due to the simplicity of operation and less difficulty in controlling the operating parameters. Flow diagrams and gasification mass and energy balances were developed incorporating three preliminary processing options for the wet fraction of MSW: biodigestion, drying and pressing, prior to gasification. Total energy efficiencies were 54.2%, 54.6%, and 61.4% respectively. Finally, a preliminary economic analysis was carried out considering income and costs for the three process alternatives. The approximate annual gross profits were estimated at 6,462,000 US $ ∙ year− 1 for press-gasification, 6,139,000 US$ year− 1 for drying-gasification and 4,600,000 US$ year− 1 for biodigestion-gasification.
Theophylline as a Potential Therapeutic Candidate for TDP-43 Proteinopathies
Authors: Jeon Yu-Mi , Kim Hyun Kyu , Lee Shinrye , Kim Seyeon , Jo Myungjin , Woo Junghwa , Kwon Younghwi , Kim Hyung-Jun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The cytoplasmic aggregates of the TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are a pathogenic hallmark of some neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). Overexpression of TDP-43 induces cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Theophylline treatment significantly decreased accumulation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 and cell death in the TDP-43 overexpressing human neuronal cell lines SH-SY5Y. TDP-43-induced eIF2α phosphorylation is also attenuated by theophylline treatment. Additionally, theophylline alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction caused by TDP-43 overexpression, restoring key mitochondrial respiration parameters such as basal and maximal respiration rates and ATP production. Moreover, Dietary supplementation with theophylline substantially improved both longevity and motility in Drosophila models expressing TDP-43 in neurons. Taken together, these findings suggest that theophylline may be a potential therapeutic candidate for TDP-43 proteinopathies.
Energy-dependent broadening of Rashba-type spin splitting in a Au₂Sb surface alloy with periodic structural defects
Authors: hu jinbang , Wang Xiansi , Åsland Anna Cecilie , Wells Justin William 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Here, we report a novel two-dimensional (2D) Au2Sb superstructure on Au(111) that exhibits both consistencies and discrepancies with the expected electronic features of an ideal 2D surface alloy with \(\:\sqrt{3}\times\:\sqrt{3}\) periodicity. Using spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we observe a spin splitting of the alloy bands with antiparallel spin polarization, stemming from Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Notably, the Rashba bands are significantly broadened in comparison to idealized expectations. Taking advantage of the good agreement between the experimental results and DFT calculations, we identify the broadening of the Rashba bands as a consequence of perturbations introduced by three-pointed-star-shaped defects, which act as nonresonant impurities within the Au₂Sb superstructure. These periodic defects are capable of shifting the energy position of the Rashba bands without breaking the in-plane rotational and mirror symmetries, which suggests that the deliberate introduction of periodic defects into a Rashba SOC system possesses great potential in engineering the spin-dependent properties of spintronic devices.
Fundamentals of 1/f Noise Reduction Technique Based on Complementary Cascode Switching Applied to a 52 microwatts 5.2pJ/bit 100Kb/s 120GHz Receiver
Authors: Sanduleanu Mihai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The proposed paper presents a 120 GHz receiver for Near-Field IoT sensors, without the conventional LNA and mixers building blocks. A new technique for the reduction of the low-frequency 1/f noise is also presented. The technique is used to improve the sensitivity of the 120 GHz receiver with a data rate of 100 kb/s, by lowering the 1/f noise corner frequency. We are proposing a novel 1/f noise mitigation technique based on switched biasing ‎[4]-‎[9]. The technique involves the complementary switching of two MOSFET transistors in order to effectively act as a single MOSFET transistor. It also involves the isolation of the drain terminals of these identical MOSFET transistors in order to eliminate any electric field from the complementary transistors which may affect the de-trapping process. The complementary switching in the literature has only been applied to low-frequency circuits with the highest operating frequency being 120 kHz. The proposed technique leads to a 9 dB reduction in the drain current noise at frequencies up to 100 kHz. Realized in a 65nm CMOS LPE technology from GlobalFoundries™, the receiver has a measured sensitive ty of -46 dBm, power consumption of 52 microwatts, and energy efficiency of 5.2 pJ/bit. The occupied on-chip area is 0.56 mm2.
A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Loss and Driving Forces for the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project from Humanistic Perspective
Authors: Xiao Jinyu , Ge Quansheng , Hu Ming , Cui Huijuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Interbasin water transfer is a globally employed and significant strategy to address water scarcity, conflicts, and achieve specific Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The issue of water loss during the process of water transfer has garnered increasing attention with the construction of water diversion projects. This study aims to focus on the primary factors influencing the water loss in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (MR-SNWDP) from a humanistic perspective based on innovative comprehensive evaluation method of coupling qualitative and quantitative analysis. Additionally, the potential human factors are derived from a relatively large and objective indicator set rather than a limited set of manually selected. The results show that the number of optimal human factor (21, 20, 22, 22 and 21 for the main pipe and canal of MR-SNWDP, Beijing City, Tianjin City, Hebei Province, and Henan Province, respectively) is condensed by more than 65%, which has been categorized into social economy, science and technology culture, production and living, and management institution. The driving force behind these indicators varies greatly in different regions due to the difference of water resources endowment and utilization. Furthermore, the social economy factor exerts a negative influence on the typical SDGs (indicator 6.4.2 and indicator 6.5.2), and it has the greatest driving force among these human factors. Various potential humanistic strategies are proposed across these categories to enhance the efficiency of water transfer. Although this innovative method represents an initial application of optimizing human factor, it can also be extended for other complex decision-making.
Could the TyG index be a screening tool for postmenopausal osteoporosis?
Authors: Yang Jingyi , Xu Daoming , Zhang Di , Bai Ling , Wang Zun , Zhang Xin , Wang Sheng , Zhang Biyun , Liu Jing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purposes: This study aims to explore the sensitivity and efficacy of the TyG index in the screening of postmenopausal osteoporosis, and to provide an objective new method for the prevention and early screening of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Methods: This retrospective study selected 1032 subjects who completed bone mineral density examination in the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to December 2023 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The baseline data include age, weight, height, BMI, lumbar spine T-value (LS T-value), total hip T-value (TH T-value), femoral neck T-value (FN T-value), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), the TyG index and OSTA. After grouping, the differences in postmenopausal osteoporosis were compared. The correlation of the TyG index and OSTA with baseline data was analyzed. The ROC curve results of the TyG index in the total population, 60-year-old stratification, FBG and TG stratification were analyzed, and the sensitivity and efficacy of the TyG index in the screening of postmenopausal osteoporosis were obtained.
Results: In 1032 postmenopausal women, there were significant differences (P< 0.001) in age, weight, height, BMI, and T-values of three different sites, the TyG index and OSTA. The results of correlation analysis showed that the TyG index and OSTA were positively correlated with weight, BMI, and T-values of three different sites in 1032 postmenopausal women and after 60-year-old stratification (P<0.001). In the total population and after stratification by 60 years old, the TyG index was positively correlated with FBG and TG (P<0.001), but not correlated with age and height. Meanwhile, OSTA was negatively correlated with age (P<0.001) and positively correlated with height (P<0.001). OSTA was not correlated with FBG and TG in the total population and in postmenopausal women aged <60, but was positively correlated with TG in postmenopausal women aged≥60 (P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the TyG index and OSTA was close in postmenopausal women aged≥60 with abnormal FBG and/or TG. The cut-off value of the TyG index in postmenopausal women aged≥60 was higher than that in postmenopausal women aged<60, indicating that the risk of osteoporosis increased in postmenopausal women aged≥60 with increased TyG index.
Conclusion: The TyG index has the potential to objectively screen osteoporosis in postmenopausal women aged≥60 and postmenopausal women aged≥60 with abnormal FBG and/or TG.
FasterMLP: Multilayer Perceptron-based Attention Mechanism and Wavelet Sampling Fusion Networks
Authors: Ma ChenHao , Cao Yong , Liu Xueyuan , Rong Jian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The integration of Multi-layer Perceptrons (MLPs) with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and attention mechanisms has recently demonstrated promising enhancements in model performance across various domains. This paper presents a novel deep neural network named FasterMLP, which employs MLPs, CBAM (Convolutional Block Attention Module) attention, and Haar wavelet downsampling to achieve high efficiency and accuracy. The architecture comprises four stages, each equipped with CBAM-enhanced convolutional networks, interconnected by Haar wavelet downsampling modules for optimal feature representation and reduced spatial dimensions. A rigorous evaluation of the FasterMLP model was conducted on a suite of benchmark tasks, including image classification on the ImageNet-1K dataset, object detection on the COCO dataset, and instance segmentation on the Cityscapes dataset. The evaluation demonstrates that FasterMLP significantly outperforms many lightweight models in terms of speed and accuracy. On the ImageNet-1K dataset, FasterMLP-S achieves a top-1 accuracy higher 3.9\% than that of MobileViT-XXS, while being 2x and 2.7x faster on GPU and CPU platforms respectively. On COCO, the model parameters of FasterMLP-L are close to thoseof FasterNet-S, but the performance is comparable to that of FasterNet-M. On Cityscape, The mIoU get reach 81.7\% and it is higher than CCNet, DANet and etc. FasterMLP demonstrates robust performance in object detection and instance segmentation, thereby corroborating its efficacy in real-world applications. These findings demonstrate the potential of combining traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures with multi-layer perceptrons and attention mechanisms to enhance the computational efficiency and accuracy for tasks in visual perception, particularly in resource-constrained environments.
LINC00885 promotes the development of lung adenocarcinoma through AKT/MTOR/P70 signaling LINC00885 may regulate migration, proliferation, and invasion through the mTOR pathway in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wan Wang , Wu Dong , Dai Baizhen , Wang Kangxian , Deng Biao , Wang Mingjun , Wang Xuefeng , Mao Qiyang , Zhang Rongjing , Su Wenmei , Liang Zhu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Previous studies have demonstrated a role for long non-coding RNAs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Here, we found high expression levels of LINC00885 in LUAD, especially in middle and advanced stage disease, by RNA-sequencing analysis. This suggests that LINC00885 may be a potential prognostic biomarker of LUAD. Our functional experiments showed that knocking down LINC00885 expression with small interfering RNAs inhibited the growth, migration, invasion, and autophagy of LUAD cells, blocked cell cycle progression, and promoted cell apoptosis. Additionally, LINC00885 knockdown reduced the protein expression levels of p21, MET, p-mTOR, and p-p70, suggesting that LINC00885 may regulate the growth and metastasis of LUAD through these signaling pathways. Additional experiments revealed that an mTOR activator rescued the inhibited cell growth, invasion, and migration following LINC00885 knockdown. Together, these findings demonstrate that LINC00885 may promote LUAD by regulating p21, MET, and mTOR/p70 signal transduction. This study suggests that LINC00885 may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in LUAD.
The effectiveness of a Kampo e-learning course incorporated into the medical education curriculum: a possible solution to instructor shortages and time constraints
Authors: Nakada Yoshinobu , Arai Makoto , Yamato Ippei , Nogami Tatsuya , Odaguchi Hiroshi , Taniguchi Daigo , Tomita Jun , Ishigami Tomoaki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The shortage of instructors and time to teach traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine (KM) limits students' understanding of its usefulness. We developed an e-learning course to solve this problem.
Methods
The Kampo e-learning course consists of 12 lessons on 10 essential Kampo formulas with related formulas, proper prescriptions, dosages, and adverse reactions, followed by review questions. After the course, and each student answers 10 additional clinical questions correctly, they are awarded a certificate of completion.
This e-learning course was first taught in 2022. The students were informed before taking the course that points would be added to their final test scores with proof they completed the e-learning course. A total of 119 third-year Tokai University School of Medicine students participated. To evaluate the effectiveness of the e-learning course, they were each asked 5 clinical questions, randomly selected from 10 pooled questions, then 4 awareness questions on their interest in, the necessity for, and their understanding of KM, and their perceived usefulness of the course before and after taking it. Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test was used to compare the changes.
Results
The students' pre- and post-course test scores were compared. The evaluations of “Interested in KM” and “Necessity of KM for clinical routines” and “Understanding how to use KM” improved significantly; however, “Usefulness of e-learning for studying Kampo medicine” did not change. Clinical question scores improved significantly.
Conclusions
All the students completed the course resulting in significantly higher scores, proving this course's effectiveness. Developed not only for students but also for novices, this new Kampo e-learning course can be incorporated into regular curriculums and made an easily accessible tool in clinical settings.
Trial registration
Clinical trial number: not applicable.
Transforming the Unseen: Diminishing Negative Emotions Alters Implicit Moral Attitudes Without Affecting Subjective Moral Judgments or Justice Sensitivity
Authors: Chen Chenyi , Martinez Róger Marcelo , Fan Yang-Teng , Chen Yu-Chun , Goh Kah Kheng , Wei Li , Lin Yen-Nung , Cheng Yawei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Moral attitudes and evaluations were once considered to emerge solely from rational thought. Nevertheless, recent neuropsychological studies show that these moral attributes are significantly influenced by emotion, particularly negative emotionality. Further psychopharmacological research has observed that GABAergic agonists are capable of influencing moral decision-making by modifying anxiety-related emotional negativity and/or through cognitive modulation. The aim of this double-blind, crossover design, placebo-controlled study is to evaluate said GABAergic modulation on moral cognition. Importantly, unlike the aforementioned research, the present study not only utilizes explicit moral evaluation measures (e.g., JSI and evaluations of moral scenarios), but also uses the morality Implicit Association Test (mIAT) to assess unacknowledged attitudes towards morally charged scenarios. Our results show that acute lorazepam administration significantly decreases mIAT D-scores in the High-D group, while having no effect on the Low-D group. Significant differences regarding the other-oriented JSI were observed between groups, with lorazepam administration exhibiting a marginal trend towards significance. These findings not only confirm GABAergic activity modulation on moral cognition (including implicit mechanisms), but also suggest such modulation promotes pro-social behavior. Altogether, this study supports the dynamic system model of moral cognition, where explicit rational deliberative operations interplay with implicit emotional processes during moral decision-making.
Prediction and Control for the Transmission of Brucellosis in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Liu Sijia , Hu Jiajing , Zhao Yifan , Wang Xinyan , Wang Xuemei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Brucellosis, a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the Brucella genus, remains a significant global public health concern, with Inner Mongolia, China, being a notable hotspot affecting both human health and livestock. In response to this, we developed a dynamic SEIVWShIahIch model to simulate the transmission of brucellosis in Inner Mongolia. We calculated the basic reproduction number (R0 =2.86), indicating a severe epidemic trend with cases expected to increase over the coming decades. The model was fitted to human brucellosis data, and key transmission parameters were estimated to predict future trends. We also evaluated the impact of various control measures, including vaccination, disinfection, culling, and health education. While these measures positively influence disease control, they cannot completely eliminate brucellosis, suggesting that a single control strategy is insufficient. Combining vaccination and culling proved more effective, with identified threshold values for R0 and to keep R0 <1. Our findings indicate that a comprehensive strategy integrating vaccination, culling, disinfection, and health education is essential for effectively curbing brucellosis in Inner Mongolia, providing a strong foundation for optimizing future prevention and control strategies.