bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of interspecific synchrony and diversity–stability relationships in floodplain fish communities
Authors: Granzotti Rafaela V. , Cassemiro Fernanda A. S. , Agostinho Angelo A. , Bini Luis M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Diversity and interspecific synchrony are among the main drivers behind the temporal stability of community abundance. Diversity can increase stability through the portfolio effect, while higher synchrony generally decreases stability. In turn, species interactions and similar responses to environmental variation are considered the main factors underlying the strength of interspecific synchrony, despite the challenges in determining their relative roles. The analysis of the relationship between interspecific synchrony and the trait (or phylogenetic) distance between species can increase the robustness of inferences about these factors.

Here, we used pairwise interspecific and community‐wide analyses to investigate, respectively, the drivers of interspecific synchrony and the influence of trait and phylogenetic diversity on the stability of fish communities. For that, we used 18 years of fish abundance data from the Upper Paraná River floodplain.

At the interspecific level, we used quantile regressions to test within‐guild relationships between interspecific synchrony and trait and phylogenetic distance between species. At the community level, we tested the relationships between community‐wide synchrony, stability, and (trait and phylogenetic) diversity.

We found that interspecific synchrony decreased with trait and phylogenetic distances. In the community‐level analysis, we found that more synchronous fish communities were less stable, but the relationship between diversity and stability was in general weak.

At the interspecific level, our study highlights the role of similar responses to environmental variation in driving species' temporal dynamics. At the community level, the strength of the relationships between trait or phylogenetic diversity and community stability depended on the feeding guild. On the other hand, we found strong relationships between synchrony and stability. These results suggest that increased synchrony levels in response to regional environmental changes could decrease the stability of fish communities in this floodplain.
The hepatopancreas microbiome of velvet crab, Necora puber
Authors: Martin Signe , Smith Cindy , Stewart Kelly , Barr William , Cheslett Deborah , O'Connor Ian , Swords Fiona , Ijaz Umer Zeeshan , O'Dwyer Katie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCrustaceans are a valuable resource globally, both ecologically and economically, and investigations into their health are becoming increasingly important as exploitation rises. The microbiome plays a crucial role in crustacean immunity, and understanding its composition and structure can provide insights into the health of an organism and its interactions with various factors. In this study, we investigated the hepatopancreas microbiome of the velvet swimming crab, Necora puber, and compared its composition and structure with several study factors, including two different sampling points and infection with a paramyxid parasite, Paramarteilia canceri. To our knowledge, we provide the first description of a velvet crab microbiome, highlighting the dominance of a single microorganism, Candidatus hepatoplasma. We identified variations in microbiome composition between sampling points and discussed the possible processes affecting microbiome assembly. We also outline a core microbiome for the velvet crab hepatopancreas, consisting of 12 core phyla. Our study adds to the growing literature on crustacean microbiomes and provides a baseline for future investigations into the velvet crab microbiome and the health of this crustacean species.
Dosing levels of antipsychotics and mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder: A Nationwide cohort study on relapse risk and treatment safety
Authors: Lintunen Jonne , Hamina Aleksi , Lähteenvuo Markku , Paljärvi Tapio , Tanskanen Antti , Tiihonen Jari , Taipale Heidi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundFinding effective treatment regimens for bipolar disorder is challenging, as many patients suffer from significant symptoms despite treatment. This study investigated the risk of relapse (psychiatric hospitalization) and treatment safety (non‐psychiatric hospitalization) associated with different doses of antipsychotics and mood stabilizers in persons with bipolar disorder.MethodsIndividuals aged 15–65 with bipolar disorder were identified from Finnish national health registers in 1996–2018. Studied antipsychotics included olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, aripiprazole; mood stabilizers lithium, valproic acid, lamotrigine, and carbamazepine. Medication use was divided into three time‐varying dose categories: low, standard, and high. The studied outcomes were risk of psychiatric hospitalization (relapse) and the risk of non‐psychiatric hospitalization (treatment safety). Stratified Cox regression in within‐individual design was used.ResultsThe cohort included 60,045 individuals (mean age 41.7 years, SD 15.8; 56.4% female). Mean follow‐up was 8.3 years (SD 5.8). Of antipsychotics, olanzapine and aripiprazole were associated with a decreased risk of relapse in low and standard doses, and risperidone in low dose. The lowest adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was observed for standard dose aripiprazole (aHR 0.68, 95% CI 0.57–0.82). Quetiapine was not associated with a decreased risk of relapse at any dose. Mood stabilizers were associated with a decreased risk of relapse in low and standard doses; lowest aHR was observed for standard dose lithium (aHR 0.61, 95% CI 0.56–0.65). Apart from lithium, high doses of antipsychotics and mood stabilizers were associated with an increased risk of non‐psychiatric hospitalization. Lithium was associated with a decreased risk of non‐psychiatric hospitalization in low (aHR 0.88, 95% CI 0.84–0.93) and standard doses (aHR 0.81, 95% CI 0.74–0.88).ConclusionsStandard doses of lithium and aripiprazole were associated with the lowest risk of relapse, and standard dose of lithium with the lowest risk of non‐psychiatric hospitalization. Quetiapine was not associated with decreased risk of relapse at any dose.
Precision medicine approaches in obstructive sleep apnoea: The role of dentist–sleep physician partnerships
Authors: Stewart GM , Tong BK , Cistulli PA 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is a common heterogenous sleep disorder that is associated with a wide range of comorbidities and consequences, including the development of neurocognitive and cardiometabolic disorders. The heterogeneity of OSA necessitates a precision medicine approach to accurately diagnose this condition and to effectively manage patients. One of the primary models of precision medicine is described by the P4 approach of predicting those who are susceptible to disease, preventing the occurrence of disease, personalizing treatment, and encouraging patients to participate in their individual healthcare journey. Recent advances in oral appliance therapy and OSA monitoring techniques have fostered an exciting opportunity for enhanced collaboration between dentists and sleep physicians to optimize OSA precision medicine care. This review aims to discuss the sources of heterogeneity among OSA patients, provide an overview of the growing applications of oral appliance therapy and tailored monitoring programs for OSA that are shifting treatment to a more personalized and participatory model of care, and outline the pivotal role of dentists in managing patients with OSA.
hnRNP A1, hnRNP A2B1, and hnRNP K are dysregulated in tauopathies, but do not colocalize with tau pathology
Authors: Kavanagh Tomas , Balcomb Kaleah , Ahmadi Rastegar Diba , Lourenco Guinevere F. , Wisniewski Thomas , Halliday Glenda , Drummond Eleanor 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTau interacts with multiple heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs)—a family of RNA binding proteins that regulate multiple known cellular functions, including mRNA splicing, mRNA transport, and translation regulation. We have previously demonstrated particularly significant interactions between phosphorylated tau and three hnRNPs (hnRNP A1, hnRNP A2B1, and hnRNP K). Although multiple hnRNPs have been previously implicated in tauopathies, knowledge of whether these hnRNPs colocalize with tau aggregates or show cellular mislocalization in disease is limited. Here, we performed a neuropathological study examining the colocalization between hnRNP A1, hnRNP A2B1, hnRNP K, and phosphorylated tau in two brain regions (hippocampus and frontal cortex) in six disease groups (Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, Pick's disease, and controls). Contrary to expectations, hnRNP A1, hnRNP A2B1, and hnRNP K did not colocalize with AT8‐immunoreactive phosphorylated tau pathology in any of the tauopathies examined. However, we did observe significant cellular mislocalization of hnRNP A1, hnRNP A2B1 and hnRNP K in tauopathies, with unique patterns of mislocalization observed for each hnRNP. These data point to broad dysregulation of hnRNP A1, A2B1 and K across tauopathies with implications for disease processes and RNA regulation.
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ART‐648, a PDE4 inhibitor in healthy subjects: A randomized, placebo‐controlled phase I study
Authors: Tanaka Akira , Nagabukuro Hiroshi , Kuniyeda Kanako , Ando Haruhi , Higashi Toshinori , Wakuda Hirokazu , Otani Naoyuki , Kudo Hideo , Kuranari Masae , Furuie Hidetoshi , Uemura Naoto 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor is associated with a broad‐spectrum anti‐inflammatory mechanism. However, securing clinically efficacious doses with sufficient safety margins remains challenging due to class specific adverse events that are often unavoidable in the clinic. ART‐648 is an orally available PDE4 inhibitor being developed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. According to the estimated clinical doses based on an in vitro whole‐blood assay, a phase I study was designed. The purpose of this phase I study was to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) following single and multiple administration of ART‐648 in healthy subjects. PD was assessed by suppression of lipopolysaccharide‐induced TNFα release in ex vivo whole‐blood assay. In the single rising dose study, ART‐648 was safe and well tolerated with a dose‐proportional increase in exposures up to 4 mg. Single doses of ART‐648 demonstrated dose‐dependent PD response, indicating target engagement at 2‐8 mg doses. In the multiple rising dose study, doses up to 4 mg BID after careful titration were well tolerated, while doses up to 6 mg BID were tolerated not in all but the majority of subjects. In conclusion, ART‐648 exhibits a favorable PK profile with robust target engagement at clinically safe and tolerated doses identified in healthy subjects.
Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chen Wei , Liu Lili , Hu Fang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the effects of vitamin D interventions on glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies. Serum 25(OH)D, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, fasting insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR) were analysed.ResultsWe identified 39 randomized controlled trials involving 2982 subjects. Results showed a significant decline in the vitamin D group, as shown by the FBG weighted mean difference (WMD; −0.49 [95% confidence interval {CI}: −0.69 to −0.28] mmol/L), HbA1c (WMD −0.30% [95% CI: −0.43 to −0.18]), HOMA‐IR (WMD −0.39 [95% CI −0.64 to −0.14]) and insulin (WMD −1.31 [95% CI: −2.06 to −0.56] μIU/mL). Subgroup analyses indicated that the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control depend on the dosage and duration of supplementation, baseline 25(OH)D levels and the body mass index of patients with T2D.ConclusionsVitamin D supplementation can significantly reduce serum FBG, HbA1c, HOMA‐IR and fasting insulin levels in T2D patients; the effects were especially prominent when vitamin D was given in a short‐term, high dosage to patients with a vitamin D deficiency, who were overweight, or had an HbA1c of 8% or higher at baseline. Our study suggests that vitamin D supplements can be recommended as complementary treatment for T2D patients.
Association of a composite trait for anthropometrics, adiposity and energy expenditure with cardiometabolic diseases: An age‐stratified cohort and genetic risk score analysis
Authors: Meulmeester Fleur L. , van Dijk Ko Willems , van Heemst Diana , Noordam Raymond 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimVarious anthropometric measures capture distinct as well as overlapping characteristics of an individual's body composition. To characterize independent body composition measures, we aimed to reduce easily‐obtainable individual measures reflecting adiposity, anthropometrics and energy expenditure into fewer independent constructs, and to assess their potential sex‐ and age‐specific relation with cardiometabolic diseases.MethodsAnalyses were performed within European ancestry participants from UK Biobank (N = 418,963, mean age 58.0 years, 56% women). Principal components (PC) analyses were used for the dimension reduction of 11 measures of adiposity, anthropometrics and energy expenditure. PCs were studied in relation to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression analyses, adjusted for confounding factors, were performed in all and stratified by age. Genome‐wide association studies were performed in half of the cohort (N = 156,295) to identify genetic variants as instrumental variables. Genetic risk score analyses were performed in the other half of the cohort stratified by age of disease onset (N = 156,295).ResultsWe identified two PCs, of which PC1 reflected lower overall adiposity (negatively correlated with all adiposity aspects) and PC2 reflected more central adiposity (mainly correlated with higher waist–hip ratio, but with lower total body fat) and increased height, collectively capturing 87.8% of the total variance. Similar to that observed in the multivariable‐adjusted regression analyses, we found associations between the PC1 genetic risk score and lower risks of CAD and T2D [CAD cases <50 years, odds ratio: 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.87, 0.94) per SD; T2D cases <50 years, odds ratio: 0.76 (0.72, 0.81)], which attenuated with higher age (p‐values 8.13E‐4 and 2.41E‐6, respectively). No associations were found for PC2.ConclusionsThe consistently observed weaker associations of the composite traits with cardiometabolic disease suggests the need for age‐specific cardiometabolic disease prevention strategies.
International monetary fund conditionality and structural reforms: Evidence from developing countries
Authors: Apeti Ablam Estel , Gomado Kwamivi Mawuli 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe global economy, dominated by the consequences of a disastrous health crisis and international tensions, needs policy support to regain its growth dynamic. To regain an inclusive and sustainable growth dynamic, structural policies of governments are needed to allow a reallocation of resources and to stimulate productivity. International cooperation seems to be necessary and the IMF's contribution could play an important role in promoting reforms. Indeed, in IMF‐supported programmes, the conditions for developing countries' transition to liberalization and open markets are often common. We address the question of whether periods of International Monetary Fund (IMF) conditionality contribute to the promotion of structural reforms in developing countries. Through the entropy balancing method and alternative identification strategies, we show that IMF conditionality programmes promote structural reforms in developing countries. We show that the effect of IMF conditionality can vary depending on the type of conditionality, the type of reform, the time frame and the initial level of structural reforms and can depend on some structural factors including the business cycle, the quality of fiscal and monetary policy, the level of development and the quality of institutions. Furthermore, we show that IMF conditionality can have spillover effects on trading partners and that IMF conditionality programmes that are met tend to have a greater impact on structural reforms. Finally, the effects of adopting reforms under IMF conditionality depend on domestic partisan politics.
The Relationship Between Maturation Size and Maximum Tree Size From Tropical to Boreal Climates
Authors: Journé Valentin , Bogdziewicz Michał , Courbaud Benoit , Kunstler Georges , Qiu Tong , Acuña Marie‐Claire Aravena , Ascoli Davide , Bergeron Yves , Berveiller Daniel , Boivin Thomas , Bonal Raul , Caignard Thomas , Cailleret Maxime , Calama Rafael , Camarero J. Julio , Chang‐Yang Chia‐Hao , Chave Jerome , Chianucci Francesco , Curt Thomas , Cutini Andrea , Das Adrian , Daskalakou Evangelia , Davi Hendrik , Delpierre Nicolas , Delzon Sylvain , Dietze Michael , Calderon Sergio Donoso , Dormont Laurent , Espelta Josep Maria , Farfan‐Rios William , Fenner Michael , Franklin Jerry , Gehring Catherine , Gilbert Gregory , Gratzer Georg , Greenberg Cathryn H. , Guignabert Arthur , Guo Qinfeng , Hacket‐Pain Andrew , Hampe Arndt , Han Qingmin , Hanley Mick E. , Lambers Janneke Hille Ris , Holík Jan , Hoshizaki Kazuhiko , Ibanez Ines , Johnstone Jill F. , Knops Johannes M. H. , Kobe Richard K. , Kurokawa Hiroko , Lageard Jonathan , LaMontagne Jalene , Ledwon Mateusz , Lefèvre François , Leininger Theodor , Limousin Jean‐Marc , Lutz James , Macias Diana , Mårell Anders , McIntire Eliot , Moran Emily V. , Motta Renzo , Myers Jonathan , Nagel Thomas A. , Naoe Shoji , Noguchi Mahoko , Norghauer Julian , Oguro Michio , Ourcival Jean‐Marc , Parmenter Robert , Pearse Ian , Pérez‐Ramos Ignacio M. , Piechnik Łukasz , Podgórski Tomasz , Poulsen John , Redmond Miranda D. , Reid Chantal D. , Samonil Pavel , Scher C. Lane , Schlesinger William H. , Seget Barbara , Sharma Shubhi , Shibata Mitsue , Silman Miles , Steele Michael , Stephenson Nathan , Straub Jacob , Sutton Samantha , Swenson Jennifer J. , Swift Margaret , Thomas Peter A. , Uriarte Maria , Vacchiano Giorgio , Whipple Amy , Whitham Thomas , Wright S. Joseph , Zhu Kai , Zimmerman Jess , Żywiec Magdalena , Clark James S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe fundamental trade‐off between current and future reproduction has long been considered to result in a tendency for species that can grow large to begin reproduction at a larger size. Due to the prolonged time required to reach maturity, estimates of tree maturation size remain very rare and we lack a global view on the generality and the shape of this trade‐off. Using seed production from five continents, we estimate tree maturation sizes for 486 tree species spanning tropical to boreal climates. Results show that a species' maturation size increases with maximum size, but in a non‐proportional way: the largest species begin reproduction at smaller sizes than would be expected if maturation were simply proportional to maximum size. Furthermore, the decrease in relative maturation size is steepest in cold climates. These findings on maturation size drivers are key to accurately represent forests' responses to disturbance and climate change.
Hormonal regulation of the phenotype into environmentally appropriate pace‐of‐life syndromes
Authors: Weidner Jacqueline , Jensen Camilla Håkonsrud , Giske Jarl , Eliassen Sigrunn , Jørgensen Christian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe risk of predation is an important driver that tailors life histories in various ways. Using an evolutionary model based on hormonal control, we study how different predation regimes affect adaptive risk‐taking and growth in fish populations. Growth, metabolism and foraging in the modelled fish are regulated by three simplified hormone functions: growth hormone, orexin, and thyroid hormone. A dynamic state‐dependent optimization model finds optimal hormone profiles for adaptive growth strategies in juvenile fish. We consider a gradient from species where behaviour and metabolic activity have large consequences for risk (typically benthic and camouflaged species), to the opposite endpoint where behaviour may modify predation risk to a smaller degree (as in the pelagic). Along this gradient, the model predicts changes in the pace of life from slow to fast, enacted by up‐regulation of the three hormone functions which in turn increase foraging and metabolism and change the priorities of energy reserves versus growth. Under all types of predation risk investigated, growth is faster when food availability is higher. Energy reserves are maintained primarily during periods of poor food availability and are used to accelerate growth during periods when food availability is high. The thyroid hormone function is up‐regulated predominantly when food availability is high and has an important role in trade‐offs balancing energetic gain and survival. At the individual time scale, the hormone system improves organismic flexibility and robustness. Over the phylogenetic time scale, hormone system adaptations have also restricted the phenotypic plasticity of individuals.
Prospective observational study on scar sequelae after MPOX infection: an analysis of 40 patients
Authors: Grau‐Echevarría Andrés , Labrandero‐Hoyos Carolina , Peñuelas‐Leal Rodrigo , Finello Malena , Blaya‐Imbernón Daniel , Magdaleno‐Tapial Jorge , García Ángel González , Zafrilla Elena Pérez , García‐García José Ángel , Cuenca Laura Giménez , Albiach Alba Nácher , Aguilera Arjona José , Ocete‐Mochón María Dolores , Díez‐Recio Esther , Hernández‐Bel Pablo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMonkeypox (MPOX) caused a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) outbreak between 2022 and 2023, with a recent rise in cases that prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare the disease a PHEIC once again. There is little information on its long‐term scarring sequelae.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the risk and characteristics of scarring in patients with MPOX in a tertiary hospital.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study including patients diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Clinical data were collected and followed up at 12–15 months to assess scarring and its impact on quality of life.ResultsOf the 40 patients, 19 (47.5%) developed scars, which were more common in those with initial cutaneous manifestations. Scars significantly affected the quality of life, especially in the genital and mucosal areas. The limited sample and loss to follow‐up may affect the validity of the results.ConclusionScarring is a frequent and disfiguring sequela of MPOX, particularly in patients with early skin symptoms. Prevention and close follow‐up are crucial in mitigating these complications.