bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Histological Findings with Tc-99m Sestamibi Parathyroid Imaging in Hyperfunctional Parathyroid Gland
Authors: Rahman Hosne Ara , Haque Jasmine Ara , Jahan Waseka Akhter , Jesmin Sabina 
Published: September 2017

Background: Hyperthyroidism is a relatively common disorder that results from increased production of parathormone. Tc-99m sestamibi (MIBI) scanning is used for localization of abnormal parathyroid gland, with high reported sensitivities. However, there exists a group of patients in whom MIBI scan is either equivocal or negative. Objectives: The aim of this study was to see association of the histological features of pathologic parathyroid gland with MIBI scan in hyperfunctional parathyroid gland. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted with primary hyperthyroidism who underwent MIBI scan. The data were collected from the record from January 2012 to December 2014 for a period of two years. All patients underwent parathyroid surgery followed by histopathological examination. According to oxyphil cell distribution patients are divided in three groups. Group I comprised of >25.0% oxyphil cell; group II included the 25 to 75% oxyphil cell and group III included >75% of oxyphil cell. Result: A total 56 patients with hypercalcaemia and high serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level were studied. Mean age was 41.3(±19.8) years with a range of 21 to 63 years. MIBI scan was true positive in 34(60.7%) cases and false negative in 22(39.3%) cases. In group I MIBI scan was true positive in 4(36.3%) cases and false negative in 7(63.7%) cases. In group II MIBI scan showed positive in 17(62.9%) cases and negative in 10(37.1%) cases. In group III out of 18 patients 13(72.2%) showed MIBI scan positive whereas, 5(27.8%) showed negative scan. The sensitivity was 36.3% in group I whereas, 62.9% and 72.2% in group II and group III respectively. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it could be say that Tc99m setamibi uptake correlate with parathyroid oxyphil cell content, and false negative scan can occur with parathyroid glands containing predominantly clear cell.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2016;2(1):14-18
Glycemic Status and Lipid Profiles Changes among the Incidentally Diagnosed Fatty Liver Patients
Authors: Islam Md Atiqul , Khan Ashraf Uddin , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Nasrin Shahana , Nabi Mohammadun , Rowshon AHM 
Published: September 2017

Background: Fatty liver disease is common condition. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the glycemic status and lipid profiles changes among the incidentally diagnosed fatty liver patients. Methodology: This was an observational descriptive study conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from the duration of January 2010 to July 2010 for a period of six (6) months. Seventy patients attending indoor or outdoor of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital Dhaka, diagnosed ultrasonographically as fatty liver who were met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. Those subjects who were presented at the outdoor and/or indoor in the hospital for different health problems and were diagnosed as fatty liver on the basis of USG findings were included for this study. Patients of fatty liver diagnosed incidentally by ultrasound, performed for other purposes were planned for study. Blood samples were taken for analysis of risk factors after completing the physical examinations. Result: A total number of 70 patients were recruited for this study. Among the study population, 48 (68.57%) were between 20-50 years of age, 6 (8.57%) were less than 20 years and 16 (22.85%) were more than 50 years. Regarding Glycemic status, 15(21.42%) cases were Diabetic, 25(35.71%) cases had impaired glucose tolerance and 30(42.85%) cases had normal blood sugar. Regarding dyslipidaemia, 51(72.85%) cases had high triglyceride level (>150 mg/dl); 42(60%) cases had hypercholesterimea (>200 mg/dl); decreased HDL (<40 mg/dl) in 37 (52.85%) cases and increased LDL (>150 mg/dl) in 21(44.28%) cases. Conclusion: In conclusion the abnormal gycemic status and dyslipidemia is present in the incidentally diagnosed fatty liver patients. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2016; 2(1): 26-29
Photospheric Emission in the Joint GBM and Konus Prompt Spectra of GRB 120323A
Authors: Guiriec S. , Gehrels N. , McEnery J. , Kouveliotou C. , Hartmann D. H. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
GRB 120323A is a very intense short gamma -ray burst (GRB) detected simultaneously during its prompt γ-ray emission phase with the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and the Konus experiment on board the Wind satellite. GBM and Konus operate in the keV–MeV regime; however, the GBM range is broader toward both the low and the high parts of the γ-ray spectrum. Analyses of such bright events provide a unique opportunity to check the consistency of the data analysis as well as cross-calibrate the two instruments. We performed time-integrated and coarse time-resolved spectral analysis of GRB 120323A prompt emission. We conclude that the analyses of GBM and Konus data are only consistent when using a double-hump spectral shape for both data sets; in contrast, the single hump of the empirical Band function, traditionally used to fit GRB prompt emission spectra, leads to significant discrepancies between GBM and Konus analysis results. Our two-hump model is a combination of a thermal-like and a non-thermal component. We interpret the first component as a natural manifestation of the jet photospheric emission.
Detection of Low-energy Breaks in Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Emission Spectra
Authors: Oganesyan Gor , Nava Lara , Ghirlanda Giancarlo , Celotti Annalisa 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The radiative process responsible for gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission has not been identified yet. If dominated by fast-cooling synchrotron radiation, the part of the spectrum immediately below the

peak energy should display a power-law behavior with slope

, which breaks to a higher value

(i.e., to a harder spectral shape) at lower energies. Prompt emission spectral data (usually available down to

keV) are consistent with one single power-law behavior below the peak, with typical slope

, higher than (and then inconsistent with) the expected value

. To better characterize the spectral shape at low energy, we analyzed 14 GRBs for which the Swift X-ray Telescope started observations during the prompt. When available, Fermi-GBM observations have been included in the analysis. For 67% of the spectra, models that usually give a satisfactory description of the prompt (e.g., the Band model) fail to reproduce the 0.5–1000 keV spectra: low-energy data outline the presence of a spectral break around a few keV. We then introduce an empirical fitting function that includes a low-energy power law

, a break energy

, a second power law

, and a peak energy

. We find

(

),

(

),

(

), and

(

). The values

and

are very close to expectations from synchrotron radiation. In this context,

corresponds to the cooling break frequency. The relatively small ratio

suggests a regime of moderately fast cooling, which might solve the long-lasting problem of the apparent inconsistency between measured and predicted low-energy spectral index.
Characterizing Intracluster Light in the Hubble Frontier Fields
Authors: Morishita Takahiro , Abramson Louis E. , Treu Tommaso , Schmidt Kasper B. , Vulcani Benedetta , Wang Xin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We investigate the intracluster light (ICL) in the six Hubble Frontier Field clusters at

0.3
<
z
<
0.6

. We employ a new method, which is free from any functional form of the ICL profile, and exploit the unprecedented depth of this Hubble Space Telescope imaging to map the ICL’s diffuse light out to clustrocentric radii

R
∼
300

kpc

(

μ

ICL

∼
27

mag arcsec−2). From these maps, we construct radial color and stellar mass profiles via SED fitting and find clear negative color gradients in all systems with increasing distance from the Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG). While this implies older/more metal-rich stellar components in the inner part of the ICL, we find that the ICL mostly consists of a

≲
2

Gyr

population, and plausibly originated with

log

M

*

/

M

⊙

≲
10

cluster galaxies. Furthermore, we find that 10%–15% of the ICL’s mass at large radii (

≳
150

kpc) lies in a younger/bluer stellar population (∼1 Gyr), a phenomenon not seen in local samples. We attribute this light to the higher fraction of star-forming/(post-)starburst galaxies in clusters at

z
∼
0.5

. Ultimately, we find the ICL’s total mass to be

log

M

*

ICL

/

M

⊙

∼
11

–12, constituting 5%–20% of the clusters’ total stellar mass, or about half of the value at

z
∼
0

. The above implies distinct formation histories for the ICL and BCGs/other massive cluster galaxies; i.e., the ICL at this epoch is still being constructed rapidly (

∼
40

M

⊙

yr−1), while the BCGs have mostly completed their evolution. To be consistent with the ICL measurements of local massive clusters, such as Virgo, our data suggest mass acquisition mainly from quiescent cluster galaxies is the principal source of ICL material in the subsequent ∼5 Gyr of cosmic time.
The Formation of Formaldehyde on Interstellar Carbonaceous Grain Analogs by O/H Atom Addition
Authors: Potapov Alexey , Jäger Cornelia , Henning Thomas , Jonusas Mindaugas , Krim Lahouari 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
An understanding of possible scenarios for the formation of astrophysically relevant molecules, particularly complex organic molecules, will bring us one step closer to the understanding of our astrochemical heritage. In this context, formaldehyde is an important molecule as a precursor of methanol, which in turn is a starting point for the formation of more complex organic species. In the present experiments, for the first time, following the synthesis of CO, formaldehyde has been produced on the surface of interstellar grain analogs, hydrogenated fullerene-like carbon grains, by O and H atom bombardment. The formation of H2CO is an indication for a possible methanol formation route in such systems.
Unseen Progenitors of Luminous High-z Quasars in the Rh = ct Universe
Authors: Fatuzzo Marco , Melia Fulvio 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Quasars at high redshift provide direct information on the mass growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and, in turn, yield important clues about how the universe evolved since the first (Pop III) stars started forming. Yet even basic questions regarding the seeds of these objects and their growth mechanism remain unanswered. The anticipated launch of eROSITA and ATHENA is expected to facilitate observations of high-redshift quasars needed to resolve these issues. In this paper, we compare accretion-based SMBH growth in the concordance ΛCDM model with that in the alternative Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmology known as the R
h = ct universe. Previous work has shown that the timeline predicted by the latter can account for the origin and growth of the ≳109
M
⊙ highest redshift quasars better than that of the standard model. Here, we significantly advance this comparison by determining the soft X-ray flux that would be observed for Eddington-limited accretion growth as a function of redshift in both cosmologies. Our results indicate that a clear difference emerges between the two in terms of the number of detectable quasars at redshift z ≳ 7, raising the expectation that the next decade will provide the observational data needed to discriminate between these two models based on the number of detected high-redshift quasar progenitors. For example, while the upcoming ATHENA mission is expected to detect ∼0.16 (i.e., essentially zero) quasars at z ∼ 7 in R
h = ct, it should detect ∼160 in ΛCDM—a quantitatively compelling difference.
Chandra Detection of Intracluster X-Ray sources in Virgo
Authors: Hou Meicun , Li Zhiyuan , Peng Eric W. , Liu Chengze 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We present a survey of X-ray point sources in the nearest and dynamically young galaxy cluster, Virgo, using archival Chandra observations that sample the vicinity of 80 early-type member galaxies. The X-ray source populations at the outskirts of these galaxies are of particular interest. We detect a total of 1046 point sources (excluding galactic nuclei) out to a projected galactocentric radius of ∼40 kpc and down to a limiting 0.5–8 keV luminosity of

∼
2
×

10

38

erg

s

−
1

. Based on the cumulative spatial and flux distributions of these sources, we statistically identify ∼120 excess sources that are not associated with the main stellar content of the individual galaxies, nor with the cosmic X-ray background. This excess is significant at a 3.5σ level, when Poisson error and cosmic variance are taken into account. On the other hand, no significant excess sources are found at the outskirts of a control sample of field galaxies, suggesting that at least some fraction of the excess sources around the Virgo galaxies are truly intracluster X-ray sources. Assisted with ground-based and HST optical imaging of Virgo, we discuss the origins of these intracluster X-ray sources, in terms of supernova-kicked low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), globular clusters, LMXBs associated with the diffuse intracluster light, stripped nucleated dwarf galaxies and free-floating massive black holes.
Un « moment » pour faire. Le plan de développement 2015-2020 du Grand Casablanca
Authors: Hachimi Alaoui Nadia 
Published: September 2017

Ce chapitre interroge les conflits de développement à partir de la fabrication « au concret » du ‘Plan de développement 2015-2020’ de Casablanca, qui a fait l’objet d’un vaste processus de concertation lancé et mis en œuvre par le wali de Casablanca, représentant direct du roi dans les territoires. L’étude du processus met en lumière les visions contradictoires, les rapports de force et les luttes de pouvoir qui ont fait advenir la centaine de projets de développement mis à l’agenda public à l’issue du processus ; mais le champ de bataille, dans et par lequel s’est formé le plan de développement, est un champ où les conflits, les rapports de pouvoir, les résistances, en bref le politique se sont exprimés dans des énoncés qui les recouvrent et qui les masquent. Cette « invisibilisation » du politique place le développement dans un espace de consensus dont la face cachée dissimule le caractère profondément asymétrique et inégalitaire des ressources que mobilisent les acteurs dans la négociation des mesures de développement. Cette étude met en lumière les jeux d’alliances et les diverses médiations aux travers desquelles le plan de développement est défini. De fait, ce travail s’inscrit dans une logique inverse des travaux qui se consacrent aux questions du développement urbain au Maroc. Ceux-ci orientent essentiellement leur intérêt sur les oppositions et les mobilisations aux projets de développement ou, a contrario, sur les loyautés et les alliances que leurs allocations permettent de construire vis-à-vis du pouvoir. Ce chapitre invite à se saisir de l’Etat non pas comme un « arbitre » mais comme une « arène » : le projet de « développer » Casablanca, en ouvrant un « moment pour faire », a constitué, d’abord et surtout, un temps pour l’actualisation des rapports de force et des rapports de pouvoir dans lesquels, au Maroc, s’intriquent l’Etat et la société.
Développement et contremouvements. Réflexions à partir des conflits nés de la marchandisation des terres collectives au Maroc
Authors: Berriane Yasmine 
Published: September 2017

Cette contribution analyse les liens existant entre développement et conflit dans le contexte des mobilisations protestataires qui se sont élevées contre l’intensification de la marchandisation des terres collectives au Maroc. La cession de ces terres, qui s’accompagne d’un discours associant la valorisation économique des terres collectives au développement humain et social promu par l’État, contribuent à rendre visibles – en les exacerbant – des inégalités inhérentes à ce régime foncier introduit à l’époque coloniale. Parmi les multiples formes d’inégalités, celles relatives aux droits des femmes se sont plus particulièrement imposées sur la scène politique grâce aux actions menées par un mouvement de femmes revendicatif. Ce mouvement a non seulement réussi à se forger un statut de « mobilisation légitime », mais il contribue aussi à (re)créer des frontières sociales cette fois fondées sur une rhétorique de l’autochtonie et sur la politisation d’inégalités sociales qui reposent sur l’appartenance tribale.
The memory lymphocyte immunostimulation assay in immune system disorders: Is useful or useless?
Authors: Vadalà Maria , Laurino Carmen , Palmieri Beniamino 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical relevance, sensitivity and specificity of in vitro blood test, Memory Lymphocyte ImmunoStimulation Assay (MELISA®), in genetically predisposed patients that suffer by autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants, after HPV-vaccination and that could have a high metal hypersensitivity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen girls (aged 12–24 years) that developed long-lasting and invalidating somatoform symptoms occurring within 20 days postvaccination are included in this descriptive study. The hypersensitivity to five metals (aluminum, nickel, mercury, methyl mercury, and thimerosal) was measured by MELISA® test.
RESULTS: Seven girls showed negativity to all the five metals tested. The findings showed metal hypersensitivity only in nine patients: Toxicity to aluminum (two girls), reactivity to nickel (seven girls), followed by mercury (seven girls).
CONCLUSION: The MELISA® assay is neither sensitive nor specific in detecting metal hypersensitivity and associated chronic diseases, including autoimmune pathologies.
Simple, rapid, and cost-effective modified Carba NP test for carbapenemase detection among Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Rudresh Shoorashetty Manohara , Ravi Giriyapur Siddappa , Sunitha Lakshminarayanappa , Hajira Sadiya Noor , Kalaiarasan Ellappan , Harish Belgode Narasimha 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
PURPOSE: Detection of carbapenemases among Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is important for both clinicians and infection control practitioners. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommends Carba NP (CNP) as confirmatory test for carbapenemase production. The reagents required for CNP test are costly and hence the test cannot be performed on a routine basis. The present study evaluates modifications of CNP test for rapid detection of carbapenemases among GNB.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The GNB were screened for carbapenemase production using CNP, CarbAcineto NP (CANP), and modified CNP (mCNP) test. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on all the carbapenem-resistant bacteria for carbapenemase genes. The results of three phenotypic tests were compared with PCR.
RESULTS: A total of 765 gram negative bacteria were screened for carbapenem resistance. Carbapenem resistance was found in 144 GNB. The metallo-β-lactamases were most common carbapenemases followed by OXA-48-like enzymes. The CANP test was most sensitive (80.6%) for carbapenemases detection. The mCNP test was 62.1% sensitive for detection of carbapenemases. The mCNP, CNP, and CANP tests were equally sensitive (95%) for detection of NDM enzymes among Enterobacteriaceae. The mCNP test had poor sensitivity for detection of OXA-48-like enzymes.
CONCLUSION: The mCNP test was rapid, cost-effective, and easily adoptable on routine basis. The early detection of carbapenemases using mCNP test will help in preventing the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms in the hospital settings.
Nine year trends of dengue virus infection in Mumbai, Western India
Authors: Shastri Jayanthi , Williamson Manita , Vaidya Nilima , Agrawal Sachee , Shrivastav Om 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Dengue virus (DENV) causes a wide range of diseases in humans, from acute febrile illness Dengue fever (DF) to life-threatening Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or Dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Factors believed to be responsible for spread of Dengue virus infection include explosive population growth, unplanned urban overpopulation with inadequate public health systems, poor standing water and vector control, climate changes and increased international recreational, business, military travel to endemic areas. All of these factors must be addressed to control the spread of Dengue and other mosquito-borne infections. The detection of Dengue virus RNA by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) in human serum or plasma samples is highly indicative of acute Dengue fever. Moreover, the method is able to identify the Dengue virus serotype by demonstrating defined sequence homologies in the viral genomic RNA.
METHODS AND RESULTS: During the nine year period of this study analysis, 6767 strongly suspected cases were tested by RT-PCR. 1685 (24.9%) were Dengue PCR positive and confirmed as Dengue cases. Observations on the seasonality were based on the nine year's data as the intensity of sampling was at its maximum during monsoon season. Dengue typing was done on 100 positive samples after storage of Dengue RNA at – 80°C. Dengue serotypes were detected in 69 samples of which Dengue 2 was most predominant. 576 samples were processed for NS1 antigen and PCR simultaneously. 19/576 were positive (3.3 %) for NS1 as well as by PCR. 23/576 samples were negative for NS1 antigen, but were positive by RT-PCR. The remaining 534 samples which were negative for NS1 antigen were also negative by Dengue RT-PCR.
CONCLUSION: In this study we sought to standardize rapid, sensitive, and specific fluorogenic probe-based RT-PCR assay to screen and serotype a representative range of Dengue viruses that are found in and around Mumbai. Qualitative Dengue virus TaqMan assays could have tremendous utility for the epidemiological investigation of Dengue illness and especially for the study of the viremic response with candidate live-attenuated dengue virus vaccines.
Chromobacterium violaceuml-induced sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction, resembling melioidosis in an elderly diabetic patient: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Khadanga Sagar , Karuna Tadepalli , Dugar Dharmendra , Satapathy Shakti Prasad 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn elderly diabetic farmer presented with chronic nonhealing ulcer over the left foot, multiple liver abscesses, and right-sided pleural effusion. The patient developed septicemia and multiorgan failure. The pus grew pigment producing Chromobacterium violaceuml. He was treated successfully with ciprofloxacin for a total duration of 15 days. This case is reported for its rare clinical presentation and resemblance with melioidosis. Of the 200 C. violaceum cases reported across the globe, this is the 14th case from India and the oldest in the literature.