bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A HOT FLUX ROPE OBSERVED BY SDO/AIA
Authors: Aparna V. , Tripathi Durgesh 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
A filament eruption was observed on 2010 October 31 in the images recorded by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) in its Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) channels. The filament showed a slow-rise phase followed by a fast rise and was classified to be an asymmetric eruption. In addition, multiple localized brightenings which were spatially and temporally associated with the slow-rise phase were identified, leading us to believe that the tether-cutting mechanism initiated the eruption. An associated flux rope was detected in high-temperature channels of AIA, namely 94 and 131 Å, corresponding to 7 and 11 MK plasma respectively. In addition, these channels are also sensitive to cooler plasma corresponding to 1–2 MK. In this study, we have applied the algorithm devised by Warren et al. to remove cooler emission from the 94 Å channel to deduce only the high-temperature structure of the flux rope and to study its temporal evolution. We found that the flux rope was very clearly seen in the clean 94 Å channel image corresponding to Fe xviii emission, which corresponds to a plasma at a temperature of 7 MK. This temperature matched well with that obtained using Differential Emission Measure analysis. This study provides important constrains in the modeling of the thermodynamic structure of the flux ropes in coronal mass ejections.
TURBULENCE-GENERATED PROTON-SCALE STRUCTURES IN THE TERRESTRIAL MAGNETOSHEATH
Authors: Vörös Zoltán , Yordanova Emiliya , Echim Marius M. , Consolini Giuseppe , Narita Yasuhito 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent results of numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulations suggest that in collisionless space plasmas, turbulence can spontaneously generate thin current sheets. These coherent structures can partially explain the intermittency and the non-homogenous distribution of localized plasma heating in turbulence. In this Letter, Cluster multi-point observations are used to investigate the distribution of magnetic field discontinuities and the associated small-scale current sheets in the terrestrial magnetosheath downstream of a quasi-parallel bow shock. It is shown experimentally, for the first time, that the strongest turbulence-generated current sheets occupy the long tails of probability distribution functions associated with extremal values of magnetic field partial derivatives. During the analyzed one-hour time interval, about a hundred strong discontinuities, possibly proton-scale current sheets, were observed.
A HIGH BRAKING INDEX FOR A PULSAR
Authors: Archibald R. F. , Gotthelf E. V. , Ferdman R. D. , Kaspi V. M. , Guillot S. , Harrison F. A. , Keane E. F. , Pivovaroff M. J. , Stern D. , Tendulkar S. P. , Tomsick J. A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a phase-coherent timing solution for PSR J1640–4631, a young 206 ms pulsar using X-ray timing observations taken with NuSTAR. Over this timing campaign, we have measured the braking index of PSR J1640–4631 to be n = 3.15 ± 0.03. Using a series of simulations, we argue that this unusually high braking index is not due to timing noise, but is intrinsic to the pulsar's spin-down. We cannot, however, rule out contamination due to an unseen glitch recovery, although the recovery timescale would have to be longer than most yet observed. If this braking index is eventually proven to be stable, it demonstrates that pulsar braking indices greater than three are allowed in nature; hence, other physical mechanisms such as mass or magnetic quadrupoles are important in pulsar spin-down. We also present a 3σ upper limit on the pulsed flux at 1.4 GHz of 0.018 mJy.
Social Change: A Framework for Inclusive Leadership Development in Nursing Education
Authors: Read Catherine Y. , Pino Betancourt Debra M. , Morrison Chenille 
Published: February 2016

Background:
The social change model (SCM) promotes equity, social justice, self-knowledge, service, and collaboration. It is a relevant framework for extracurricular leadership development programs that target students who may not self-identify as leaders.

Method:
Application of the SCM in a leadership development program for prelicensure nursing students from underresourced or underrepresented backgrounds is described. Students' opinions about leadership for social change were explored through a focus group and a pilot test of an instrument designed to assess the values of the SCM.

Results:
Students lack the experience required to feel comfortable with change, but they come into nursing with a sense of commitment that can be nurtured toward leadership for social change and health equity through best practices derived from the SCM. These include sociocultural conversations, mentoring relationships, community service, and membership in off-campus organizations.

Conclusion:

Nurse educators can cultivate inclusive leadership for social change using the SCM as a guide. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(3):164–167.]
Storytelling: A Guided Reflection Activity
Authors: Wheeler Pamela L. , Butell Sue S. , Epeneter Beverly Jean , Langford Cheryl Anne , Taylor Jana Doughty 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Reflective practice is a mode of inquiry in the authors' baccalaureate nursing program. To increase students' ability to “think like a nurse,” the Reflective Practice Storytelling Guide was developed to facilitate discussion during weekly clinical seminars in the students' final clinical course.

Method:
To evaluate the effectiveness of this guided activity, students were asked to provide feedback to specific questions following each seminar when the reflective presence activity was utilized.

Results:
Common themes emerged from the storytellers and the members of the group. Themes identified in the responses of the storytellers included role development and formation and the value of team support. Learning themes that emerged from the participants included communication, teamwork, clinical judgment, patient-centered care, use of resources, ethical and legal parameters in practice, and patient safety.

Conclusion:

Utilizing a guided reflection activity resulted in the students experiencing a broader, deeper understanding of reflective professional practice. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(3):172–176.]
Coral-rubble ridges as dynamic coastal features – short-term reworking and weathering processes
Authors: Spiske Michaela 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. A coral-rubble ridge built by storm waves at Anegada (British Virgin Islands) underwent remarkable changes in shape and weathering in a 23-month period. The ridge is located along the island's north shore, in the lee of a fringing reef and a reef flat. This coarse-clast ridge showed two major changes between March 2013, when first examined, and February 2015, when revisited. First, a trench dug in 2013, and intentionally left open for further examination, was found almost completely infilled in 2015, and the ridge morphology was modified by slumping of clasts down the slope and by reworking attributable to minor storm waves. In size, composition and overall condition, most of the clasts that filled the trench resemble reworked clasts from the ridge itself; only a small portion had been newly brought ashore. Second, a dark gray patina formed on the whitish exteriors of the carbonate clasts that had been excavated in 2013. These biologically weathered, darkened clasts had become indistinguishable from clasts that had been at the ridge surface for a much longer time. The findings have two broader implications. First, coastal coarse-clast ridges respond not solely to major storms, but also to tropical storms or minor hurricanes. The modification and reworking of the ridge on Anegada most probably resulted from hurricane Gonzalo which was at category 1–2 as it passed about 60 km north of the island in October 2014. Second, staining of calcareous clasts by cyanobacteria in the supralittoral zone occurs within a few months. In this setting, the degree of darkening quickly saturates as a measure of exposure age.
Evaluation of cloud base height measurements from Ceilometer CL31 and MODIS satellite over Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Sharma Som , Vaishnav Rajesh , Shukla Munn V. , Kumar Prashant , Kumar Prateek , Thapliyal Pradeep K. , Lal Shyam , Acharya Yashwant B. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Clouds play a tangible role in the Earth's atmosphere and in particular, the cloud base height (CBH), which is linked to cloud type, is one of the most important characteristics to describe the influence of clouds on the environment. In the present study, CBH observations from Ceilometer CL31 were extensively studied during May 2013 to January 2015 over Ahmedabad (23.03° N, 72.54° E), India. A detailed comparison has been performed with the use of ground-based CBH measurements from Ceilometer CL31 and CBH retrieved from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) onboard Aqua and Terra satellite. CBH retrieved from MODIS is  ∼  1.955 and  ∼  1.093 km on 25 July 2014 and 1 January 2015 respectively, which matches well with ceilometer-measured CBH ( ∼  1.92 and  ∼  1.097 km). Some interesting features of cloud dynamics viz. strong downdraft and updraft have been observed over Ahmedabad which revealed different cloud characteristics during monsoon and post-monsoon periods. CBH shows seasonal variation during the Indian summer monsoon and post-monsoon period. Results indicate that the ceilometer is an excellent instrument to precisely detect low- and mid-level clouds, and the MODIS satellite provides accurate retrieval of high-level clouds over this region. The CBH algorithm used for the MODIS satellite is also able to capture the low-level clouds.
A Bayesian hierarchical model for reconstructing relative sea level: from raw data to rates of change
Authors: Cahill Niamh , Kemp Andrew C. , Horton Benjamin P. , Parnell Andrew C. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. We present a Bayesian hierarchical model for reconstructing the continuous and dynamic evolution of relative sea-level (RSL) change with quantified uncertainty. The reconstruction is produced from biological (foraminifera) and geochemical (δ13C) sea-level indicators preserved in dated cores of salt-marsh sediment. Our model is comprised of three modules: (1) a new Bayesian transfer (B-TF) function for the calibration of biological indicators into tidal elevation, which is flexible enough to formally accommodate additional proxies; (2) an existing chronology developed using the Bchron age–depth model, and (3) an existing Errors-In-Variables integrated Gaussian process (EIV-IGP) model for estimating rates of sea-level change. Our approach is illustrated using a case study of Common Era sea-level variability from New Jersey, USA We develop a new B-TF using foraminifera, with and without the additional (δ13C) proxy and compare our results to those from a widely used weighted-averaging transfer function (WA-TF). The formal incorporation of a second proxy into the B-TF model results in smaller vertical uncertainties and improved accuracy for reconstructed RSL. The vertical uncertainty from the multi-proxy B-TF is  ∼  28 % smaller on average compared to the WA-TF. When evaluated against historic tide-gauge measurements, the multi-proxy B-TF most accurately reconstructs the RSL changes observed in the instrumental record (mean square error  =  0.003 m2). The Bayesian hierarchical model provides a single, unifying framework for reconstructing and analyzing sea-level change through time. This approach is suitable for reconstructing other paleoenvironmental variables (e.g., temperature) using biological proxies.
Treatment of Vitreomacular Traction with Intravitreal Ocriplasmin Preceded by Anterior Chamber Paracentesis: Case Reports
Authors: Rizzo Stanislao , Bacherini Daniela , Abbruzzese Giacomo , Giuntoli Matteo , Virgili Gianni 
Published: February 2016

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of an intravitreal ocriplasmin injection using anterior chamber paracentesis to release symptomatic vitreomacular traction (VMT). Methods Five patients with symptomatic VMT were enrolled. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination including acquisition of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Before intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin, anterior chamber paracentesis was performed in the study eye to induce mild ocular hypotonia. Control visits were performed the day after the injection, at 1 week, and after 1, 2, and 3 months. Results In 4 patients, we had complete release of VMT and visual improvement after the intravitreal ocriplasmin injection preceded by anterior chamber paracentesis. No adverse events were observed. Conclusions In our small case series, anterior chamber paracentesis performed before intravitreal ocriplasmin seemed to increase the efficacy of the drug in the resolution of symptomatic VMT. Our success estimate is imprecise due to small sample size (95% confidence interval 0.28 to 0.99) and no definitive conclusion can be reached. Further research is worth being conducted to assess the potential usefulness of paracentesis before ocriplasmin injection to increase vitreoretinal traction release rate.
Biomechanical Determination of the Relationship between Femoral Neck Lesion Size and the Risk of Pathological Fracture
Authors: Çaypınar Barış , Erol Bülent , Topkar Mert , Başçı Onur 
Published: February 2016

Purpose Half of the pathological fractures of the proximal femur occur in the neck region. We evaluate the relationship between the defect size within the femoral neck and the risk of pathological fracture. Methods After creating metastasis-like lesions in the neck regions of 21 human cadaver femurs, compression was applied to simulate single-limp stance type loading. First, a loading of 600 Newtons (N) was applied to the 35%-defected femoral necks. If the bone fracture did not occur, the defect size was increased to 45% and the 600 N force was applied again. If no fracture was observed then the defect size was increased to 55% and the bones were loaded again. The 55%-defected bones with no fractures were loaded until a fracture was detected. Results There were no fractures with the 35%- and 45%-defected femurs until 600 N was applied. However, when the defect size was increased to 55%, 3 bones were fractured before reaching 600 N. The fractures occurred at an average of 455 N in the 3 bones. At a compression of 600 N, 18 bones (84%) were intact, and the loading was continued. 18 femurs with 55%-defected neck regions had an average endurance of 1270 N compression (range 750-2800 N). Conclusions This study showed that even very osteoporotic bones with large metastases can withstand high forces of compressive loading.
The Hundred Most Cited Publications in Orthopaedic HIP Research - A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Sufian S. , Albers Christoph E. , Büchler Lorenz , Kohl Sandro , Ahmad Suhaib S. , Klenke Frank , Siebenrock Klaus A. , Beck Martin 
Published: February 2016

Background The aim of this study was to identify the 100 most cited classics in the field of hip research analysing their qualities and characteristics. Methods Hip joint related articles were identified and the hundred most cited selected for subsequent analysis of citation count, current citation rate, citation density (citations/article age), authorship, geographic origin institution, and level of evidence (LOE). Results In a total of 121 journals, 1,311,851 articles were published between 1945 and 2013, of which 1,287 (0.1%) possessed 250 citations or more. Total citations per article for the 100 most-cited ranged from 290 to 3,144 citations. The most common areas of research were degenerative disease and arthroplasty, followed by hip preserving surgery for which the leading authors were William H. Harris and Reinhold Ganz respectively. All articles were published in 8 journals and originated from 9 countries. 10 institutes published 48/100 of the articles. There was a significant negative correlation between both citation rate, citation density and article age. Total citation count was highest for articles published in the decade of 1970. Although 5% (2,103 articles) of hip literature comprised randomised trials (RCTs), only 1 (1%) of the citation classics was an RCT. Conclusions The study provides intellectual milestones in hip research, reflecting on the qualities and characteristics of the research. Degenerative hip disease and arthroplasty research take up the greatest proportion of citations, followed by hip preserving research. LOE was low and there was only one RCT amongst the classics, emphasising that high LOE is not a prerequisite for a high citation count.
CYP17A1 Polymorphisms and Clinical Outcome of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Abiraterone
Authors: Salvi Samanta , Casadio Valentina , Burgio Salvatore Luca , Conteduca Vincenza , Rossi Lorena , Menna Cecilia , Carretta Elisa , Costantini Matteo , Zoli Wainer , De Giorgi Ugo 
Published: February 2016

Background We evaluated the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP17A1 gene for predicting clinical outcome in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients treated with abiraterone. Methods Sixty-four patients were genotyped for the selected polymorphisms (rs743572, rs10883783, rs17115100 and rs284849) in CYP17A1. We hypothesized that different genotypes could be associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results Statistical analyses highlighted no significant associations between these polymorphisms and clinical outcome. However, individuals with the most common TT genotype for rs10883783 had a 3 months’ longer PFS than individuals with the TA + AA genotype. Conclusions With the limitation of the retrospective study design and the small sample size, the analyzed polymorphisms do not seem to be correlated with clinical outcome of CRPC patients treated with abiraterone.
A taxonomic review of the Norwegian species of Raphitoma (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Raphitomidae)
Authors: Høisæter Tore 
Published: February 2016

The problematic conoidean genus Raphitoma s.l. in inshore Norwegian waters is revised based on fresh material from all along the coast of Norway. This largely shallow water group is represented by at least six species in Norwegian waters of which two, Raphitoma obesa n.sp. and R. maculosa n.sp. are described as new, and another Raphitoma aequalis (Jeffreys, 1867) is reported from Norway for the first time. The taxonomic and nomenclatural status of R. reticulata (sensu Jeffreys 1867) and R. asperrima (sensu Forbes & Hanley 1853) are discussed. Empty shells of several additional species indicate that the number of Raphitoma-species living in the North East Atlantic will be further increased in the future. The morphological variability of each species is described if possible. Shell morphology, including microsculpture and protoconch details as deduced from LM photographs, are used for distinguishing the species. Some easily observable behaviour and soft part morphology features were found to bepromising areas for further studies.
The Ethos of Inquiry: Nietzsche on Experience, Naturalism, and Experimentalism
Authors: Bamford Rebecca 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
In this article I examine Nietzsche's experimentalism, treating this as a naturalist feature of his wider philosophical concerns. I focus predominantly on Nietzsche's presentation of remarks on experimentation in Dawn and in The Gay Science. Through analyzing the role played by the concept of experience within Nietzsche's experimentalism, I show that experimentalism is both a strategy for philosophical engagement, and a form of virtue. In so doing, I clarify the relevance of experimentalism to scientific inquiry and to ethics in Nietzsche's wider philosophy.
Nietzsche's Will to Power: Biology, Naturalism, and Normativity
Authors: Emden Christian J. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
The “will to power” remains one of Nietzsche's most controversial philosophical concepts. In this article I argue that the will to power ties in directly with Nietzsche's naturalistic discussion of normativity. The link between the will to power and normativity cannot be explained, however, along the lines of a psychological reading of Nietzsche's naturalism; rather, Nietzsche's naturalism is rooted in contemporary biological discussions. Biology comes first, psychology second. With the notion of a will to power Nietzsche seeks to describe the linkages between the natural and normative in a way that falls neither into the trap of physicalist reductionism, nor into the trap of idealist metaphysics: how can we obtain an understanding of the emergence of normativity without appealing to normativity as a standard separate from the agency, affects, conceptual commitments, and also cells and organs, that make us natural beings?
Hyperbolic Naturalism: Nietzsche, Ethics, and Sovereign Power
Authors: Sedgwick Peter R. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
This article addresses whether Nietzsche's naturalism is best understood as exemplifying the principles of scientific method and the spirit of Enlightenment. It does so from a standpoint inspired by Eugen Fink's contention that Nietzsche's endorsements of “naturalism” are best read as hyperbole. The discussion engages with Enlightenment-orientated readings (by Walter Kaufmann, Maudemarie Clark, and Brian Leiter), which hold Nietzsche's naturalism to endorse of the spirit of empirical science, and an alternative view (provided by Richard Schacht and Wolfgang Müller-Lauter), which holds Nietzsche's “extended naturalism” to be an informing ethos of historically aware thought rather than a mere “method.” The ensuing discussion endorses the latter approach in terms that seek to take more seriously the implications of Fink's point about the hyperbolic and figural aspects of Nietzsche's naturalism. I argue that Nietzsche's naturalism is indeed often hyperbolic and figural but that this exaggerated form of naturalizing thought allows insights that invite explicit theorization. Turning to an approach suggested by Adorno and Horkheimer, I argue that Nietzsche's exaggeratedly “naturalistic” take on morality is best appreciated as a form of disturbing and disruptive political intervention in the dominant discourse of modernity in which it overtly situates itself, namely, the instrumentalizing, methodologically fixated liberal discourse of scientific Enlightenment. If we approach his thinking in this way, Nietzsche's naturalism serves as a valuable resource for critical reflection on the hegemony of contemporary scientific culture. The context for such critical reflection is provided by Giorgio Agamben's work on sovereign power and modernity. Nietzsche's naturalism, I argue, is foremost biopolitical in its implications. These implications invite critical reflection on aspects of Agamben's work; they also, following Agamben's lead, suggest that we must step beyond the fundamental concepts of liberalism.