bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid insolation forcing of Pliocene monsoon dynamics in West Africa
Authors: Kuechler Rony R. , Dupont Lydie M. , Schefuß Enno 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The Pliocene is regarded as a potential analogue for future climate with conditions generally warmer-than-today and higher-than-preindustrial atmospheric CO2 levels. Here we present the first orbitally resolved records of continental hydrology and vegetation changes from West Africa for two Pliocene time intervals (5.0–4.6 Ma, 3.6–3.0 Ma), which we compare with records from the last glacial cycle (Kuechler et al., 2013). Our results indicate that changes in local insolation alone are insufficient to explain the full degree of hydrologic variations. Generally two modes of interacting insolation forcings are observed: during eccentricity maxima, when precession was strong, the West African monsoon was driven by summer insolation; during eccentricity minima, when precession-driven variations in local insolation were minimal, obliquity-driven changes in the summer latitudinal insolation gradient became dominant. This hybrid monsoonal forcing concept explains orbitally controlled tropical climate changes, incorporating the forcing mechanism of latitudinal gradients for the Pliocene, which probably increased in importance during subsequent Northern Hemisphere glaciations.
Revistas brasileñas de Educación en SCOPUS: un análisis bibliométrico
Authors: Madrid Martín María José , Jiménez-Fanjul Noelia , León-Mantero Carmen , Maz-Machado Alexander 
Published: January 2018

Objetivo. El auge de la producción científica en los últimos años ha motivado la realización de diversos estudios bibliométricos. En esta línea, este trabajo analiza las revistas brasileñas presentes en el índice de impacto de la base de datos SCOPUS, el SCImago Journal Rank, en la categoría de Educación entre los años 2000 y 2015.Método. Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se descargaron de la base de datos SCOPUS los datos relativos a los documentos publicados en estas revistas en dicho período y, a partir del recuento de frecuencias, se han identificado los patrones de producción de documentos por revista y por año, las instituciones más productivas, los países más productivos y se ha determinado el grado de colaboración en la autoría, así como, el patrón de citación recibida.Resultados. Los resultados muestran un aumento significativo de la producción de estas revistas, aunque de carácter muy local en esta comunidad científica y con un pequeño número de citas por documento.
Political Poems in MS Harley 2253 and the English National Crisis of 1339–41
Authors: Revard Carter 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article examines the crucial social conditions, political crises, and royal statutes that underlie verse found in London, British Library MS Harley 2253. Special attention is given to seven political poems: three composed under Henry III around the Montfortian 1260s (the English Song of Lewes, the French Lament for Simon de Montfort, and the Latin All the World's a Chess Board); two composed in the 1330s that, like Chess Board, oppose royal taxation (the French-Latin Against the King's Taxes and the English Song of the Husbandman); a poem of outlaw protest (the French Trailbaston); and a comic dialogue (the French Jongleur of Ely and the King of England). These poems participated in the sociopolitical history of England—local, regional, and national—from 1300 to 1350. Three appendices present the political verse copied by the Harley Scribe into Harley 2253 and Royal 12. C. xii, the relationship of Husbandman to contemporary statutes, and a ribald analogue to Jongleur.
The Composite Community: Thinking Through Fanon's Critique of a Narrow Nationalism
Authors: Sealey Kris 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article presents Édouard Glissant's account of a composite community as an articulation of Frantz Fanon's alternative, de-colonial conception of the nation. It shows that, subsequent to Fanon's critique of the xenophobia and racism of a narrow nationalism (found in The Wretched of the Earth), we are left with a conception of a national consciousness that registers with what Glissant names, in Poetics of Relation, a composite community in relation. Both accounts ground community in a foundation of difference, process and dynamism, all of which is carried into a collective identity, without the reductive homogenizing practices of most nation-building endeavors. As such, the article argues that Glissant's work is positioned to underscore what, in Fanon's understanding of national culture, is meant to protect the living dynamism of a people from a chauvinistic ultra-nationalism. Similarly, the work of The Wretched of the Earth can be used to take Glissant's alternative political ontology into the arena of thinking the nation otherwise.
Impact of Organizational Context & Information Technology on Employee Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Saleem Alshurah Mohammed , Zabadi Abdelrahim M. , Hassan Dammas Amnah , Dammas Dalia H. 
Published: January 2018

This study aimed at identifying the impact of organizational context and information technology on the willingness of employees to share knowledge in the public health sector in Jordan. The study was conducted using a questionnaire designed for this purpose.160 of which was distributed in the largest hospitals in the capital of Jordan - Amman, 140 were returned for analysis with a response rate of 87.5%. To ascertain the degree of reliability and validity Cronbach's Alpha was utilized. Multiple regressions were used to analyse the effect of several independent variables on a dependent variable to test the hypotheses and to validate the study model. Frequencies and percentages were also extracted to identify the personal and functional characteristics of respondents.The most prominent conclusions obtained are: sharing knowledge among employees is positively affected social relations and rewards systems; knowledge sharing is negatively affected by the level of centralization in the organization; there is also no statistical support regarding formalization or any of demographic and functional variables; there are no statistically significant differences between vision, organizational goals, and trust among employees and their willingness to share knowledge; information technology and its ease of use positively impact on employee's readiness to share knowledge. This study has presented a number of recommendations that can benefit for future studies in this area.
Taxonomy and distribution of African chiggers (Acariformes, Trombiculidae)
Authors: Stekolnikov Alexandr A. 
Published: January 2018

Chigger mites of the African continent are reviewed using data acquired from the literature and examination of the collections deposited at the Royal Museum for Central Africa (Tervuren, Belgium) and the Natural History Museum (London, UK). All findings for 443 valid chigger species belonging to 61 genera are reported, along with details on their collection locality and host species. Three new synonyms are proposed: Straelensia Vercammen-Grandjean & Kolebinova, 1968 (= Anasuscuta Brown, 2009 syn. nov.); Herpetacarus (Herpetacarus) Vercammen-Grandjean, 1960 (= Herpetacarus (Lukoschuskaaia) Kolebinova & Vercammen-Grandjean, 1980 syn. nov.); Gahrliepia brennani (Jadin & Vercammen-Grandjean, 1952) (= Gahrliepia traubi Audy, Lawrence & Vercammen-Grandjean, 1961 syn. nov.). A new replacement name is proposed: Microtrombicula squirreli Stekolnikov, 2017 nom. nov. pro Eltonella myonacis heliosciuri Vercammen-Grandjean, 1965 (praeocc. Vercammen-Grandjean, 1965). Ninety new combinations are proposed. Keys to subfamilies, genera and subgenera of African trombiculid larvae and diagnoses of these taxa are given.
El fetichismo de la transcripción: Cuando el texto pierde el lenguaje analógico
Authors: Requena Mora Marina , Gómez Nicolau Enma , Muñoz-Rodríguez David 
Published: January 2018

El concepto marxista de fetichismo nos ayuda a entender como los regímenes liberales, tanto de carácter productivo como de naturaleza consumptiva, construyen un mundo de objetos circulantes que aparecen divorciados de los contextos en los que se produjeron. Lo mismo se puede decir de la transcripción cuando esta se externalizada y es consumida —cual que dato primario— por los grupos de investigación. En el artículo se discute la importancia de la transcripción en el proceso de investigación. En primer lugar, se atiende su relevancia en la dimensión analítica y como parte de las preocupaciones metodológicas para evitar la pérdida de continuidad en la transformación de la oralidad en documento primario. Se analizan los problemas derivados de mercantilizar la transcripción en los contextos de externalización del trabajo de campo. En segundo lugar, se contextualiza el trabajo de transcripción en el proceso artesanal de la investigación cualitativa y se incide en las posibilidades que brinda para realizar un análisis continuo del proceso de investigación. En último lugar, el artículo discute la dimensión ética que contiene la transcripción literal como proceso a través del que se devuelve, en forma de escucha, el tiempo a las personas que ofrecieron su palabra a la investigación.The Marxist concept of fetishism helps us to understand how liberal regimes, both productive and consumptive, construct a world of circulating objects that appear divorced from the contexts in which they are produced. The same can be said of transcription when it is outsourced and consumed as a primary data by research groups. The importance of transcription in the research process is discussed in the article. First, we take into account its relevance in the analytical process and as part of the methodological concerns to avoid the loss of continuity in the transformation of orality into a primary document. We analyze the problems derived from commercialization of the transcription in the contexts of outsourcing of the field work. Secondly, the work of transcription is contextualized in the artisanal process of qualitative research and it focuses on the possibilities it offers to carry out a continuous analysis in the research process. Finally, the article discusses the ethical dimension of the literal transcription as a process through which we return the people that offered they time and they word to the research in the form of listening.
Higher Education as a Field of Research in the Portuguese Speaking Countries: Insights on an Emerging Scientifc Field
Authors: Langa Patricio 
Published: January 2018

This article examines the preconditions for the emergence of higher education as a feld of research in the Portuguese speaking countries. It uses various sources of data, including the worldwide inventory on higher education by the Center for International Higher Education of Boston College, to map the existing infrastructure for the establishment of higher education as new scientifc feld. This includes research centres, academic programmes, journals, and professional and academic associations. The article shows that higher education has become a complex social institution, which, according to Altbach (2014), is the condition that leads to the constitution of a new scientifc feld. Bourdieu’s theory of feld is used to shed light on the sociological conditions for the establishment of new felds. The article concludes that the prerequisites for an emerging feld of higher education research in the Portuguese speaking countries are in place, but further research is required to establish whether the magnet eﬀects of a functioning feld have been ignited. Cet article examine les conditions pour l’émergence de l’enseignement supérieur comme discipline de recherche dans les pays lusophones. Il utilise des sources variées pour schématiser les infrastructures nécessaires à l’institution de l’enseignement supérieur comme nouvelle discipline scientifque, y compris l’inventaire mondial sur l’enseignement supérieur du Center for International Higher Education à Boston College. Celui-ci inclut les centres de recherche, les programmes universitaires, les journaux, et les associations professionnelles et académiques. Cet article démontre que l’enseignement supérieur est devenu une institution sociale complexe, ce qui, d’après Altbach (2014), est la condition qui mène à la constitution d’une nouvelle discipline scientifque. En conclusion, cet article afrme que les prérequis à l’émergence d’une discipline de recherche sur l’enseignement supérieur dans les pays lusophones sont remplis, mais il faudrait eﬀectuer plus de travaux de recherche pour vérifer que les eﬀets magnétiques nécessaires au bon fonctionnement d’une discipline de recherche ont bien été enclenchés.
The International Dimension of the Brazilian Higher Education System Through the Prism of South-South Cooperation
Authors: Brum José Antonio , Knobel Marcelo 
Published: January 2018

International cooperation is a growing trend among research universities. In the past, this took the form of collaboration between researchers in developing countries with those in the developed world that enjoy superior access to fnancial and technical resources as well as infrastructure. More recently, the collaboration map has begun to change, as scientists in developed countries recognised how local context can aﬀect their work, and those in developing countries are slowly building their research capabilities. Furthermore, South-South research collaboration is considered increasingly important, alongside developments in science and higher education in these countries. Following a brief overview of the Brazilian higher education system, this article discusses the complexity of establishing international collaboration, citing a few programmes aiming at strengthening South-South cooperation. La coopération internationale ne cesse de croitre au sein des universités de recherche. Dans le passé, elle prenait la forme d’une collaboration entre les chercheurs de pays en voie de développement et ceux de pays développés, qui ont accès à des ressources fnancières et techniques ainsi que des infrastructures supérieures. Plus récemment, le format des collaborations a commencé à changer, alors que les scientifques des pays développés reconnaissent la manière dont le contexte local impacte leur travail, tandis que ceux des pays en voie de développement créent doucement des capacités de recherche. Par ailleurs, la collaboration de recherche sud-sud est de plus en plus considérée essentielle, parallèlement aux développements de la science et de l’enseignement supérieur dans ces pays. Après une brève introduction au système d’enseignement supérieur brésilien, cet article aborde la complexité de la mise en place de partenariats internationaux, en faisant référence à quelques programmes visant à renforcer les coopérations sud-sud.
De quoi la longue participation est-elle la garantie dans l’enquête ethnographique ?
Authors: Papinot Christian 
Published: January 2018

Que fait le temps de l’enquête à la qualité de la production ethnographique ? De quoi la longue participation est-elle la garantie dans l’enquête ethnographique ? La voie canonique de l’enquête ethnographique, l’observation participante de longue durée, est fréquemment justifiée avec des arguments de nature épistémologique. Depuis les démarches de type plutôt « mécaniques », postulant la neutralisation des situations d’enquête, jusqu’à celles plus réflexives faisant de l’analyse des situations d’enquête des voies d’accès à la connaissance de l’objet, la longue durée de l’enquête, par ses effets supposés de dilution de la distance sociale observateur/observé, se trouve fréquemment parée de vertus épistémologiques intrinsèques que l’on souhaite interroger dans cet article. À partir de quelques exemples contemporains typiques, on discutera dans cet article des présupposés épistémologiques du « temps long » de l’enquête pour montrer in fine comment cette plus-value supposée s’inscrit sur un fond larvé d’épistémologie positiviste persistante.
Ethnographie et théorie de la description – La construction des données sociologiques
Authors: Parent Frédéric , Sabourin Paul 
Published: January 2018

Peut-on concilier l’approche ethnographique et les visées scientifiques en sciences sociales ? À partir d’exemples de travail de description et de réflexions méthodologiques que l’on peut en tirer, nous voulons montrer la nécessité de reconsidérer la conceptualisation des phases de la démarche ethnographique allant de l’heuristique de la découverte à la construction d’un objet de connaissance transmissible explicitement. Cet exercice de conceptualisation de certains aspects du travail ethnographique permettra d’avancer la proposition suivante : le projet d’une théorie de la description du social dans ses formulations anciennes ou plus récentes, loin d’être un carcan pour l’approche ethnographique, serait une voie privilégiée pour inscrire cette démarche dans une visée scientifique. Plus encore, l’approche ethnographique pourrait bien être une contribution significative aux sciences sociales dont la scientificité demeure problématique.
Variations of High‐Latitude Geomagnetic Pulsation Frequencies: A Comparison of Time‐of‐Flight Estimates and IMAGE Magnetometer Observations
Authors: Sandhu J. K. , Yeoman T. K. , James M. K. , Rae I. J. , Fear R. C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe fundamental eigenfrequencies of standing Alfvén waves on closed geomagnetic field lines are estimated for the region spanning 5.9≤L < 9.5 over all MLT (Magnetic Local Time). The T96 magnetic field model and a realistic empirical plasma mass density model are employed using the time‐of‐flight approximation, refining previous calculations that assumed a relatively simplistic mass density model. An assessment of the implications of using different mass density models in the time‐of‐flight calculations is presented. The calculated frequencies exhibit dependences on field line footprint magnetic latitude and MLT, which are attributed to both magnetic field configuration and spatial variations in mass density. In order to assess the validity of the time‐of‐flight calculated frequencies, the estimates are compared to observations of FLR (Field Line Resonance) frequencies. Using IMAGE (International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects) ground magnetometer observations obtained between 2001 and 2012, an automated FLR identification method is developed, based on the cross‐phase technique. The average FLR frequency is determined, including variations with footprint latitude and MLT, and compared to the time‐of‐flight analysis. The results show agreement in the latitudinal and local time dependences. Furthermore, with the use of the realistic mass density model in the time‐of‐flight calculations, closer agreement with the observed FLR frequencies is obtained. The study is limited by the latitudinal coverage of the IMAGE magnetometer array, and future work will aim to extend the ground magnetometer data used to include additional magnetometer arrays.
Model of Energy Spectrum Parameters of Ground Level Enhancement Events in Solar Cycle 23
Authors: Wu S.‐S. , Qin G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMewaldt et al. (2012) fitted the observations of the ground level enhancement (GLE) events during solar cycle 23 to the double power law equation to obtain the four spectral parameters, the normalization constantC, low‐energy power law slopeγ1, high‐energy power law slopeγ2, and break energyE0. There are 16 GLEs from which we select 13 for study by excluding some events with complicated situation. We analyze the four parameters with conditions of the corresponding solar events. According to solar event conditions, we divide the GLEs into two groups, one with strong acceleration by interplanetary shocks and another one without strong acceleration. By fitting the four parameters with solar event conditions we obtain models of the parameters for the two groups of GLEs separately. Therefore, we establish a model of energy spectrum of solar cycle 23 GLEs, which may be used in prediction in the future.
Framingham: An Evolving Longitudinal Study
Authors: Manton Kenneth G. , Lowrimore Gene , Simpson Miles 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Framingham Study is a long‐term longitudinal study designed to both identify the relation of putative risk factors to circulatory and other disease risks and characterize the natural history of chronic circulatory disease processes. Beginning with limited initial study goals, the directors greatly expanded the scope of their study goals during data collection.
Imputation with High‐Dimensional Data
Authors: Zhao Yize , Long Qi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMissing data are commonly encountered in biomedical, epidemiologic, and social research. Imputation has been widely investigated and is among the most popular methods for handling missing data in practice. However, additional challenges arise when applying imputation to high‐dimensional data where the number of variables can be greater than the number of observations. This article presents several strategies for imputing missing values in the presence of high‐dimensional data.
Comparison of Survival Functions to Determine Effectiveness of Treatments in Health‐Care Applications
Authors: Mitra Amitava 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In several health‐care applications, it is of interest to determine the survival time to a certain defined event. As an example, for those undergoing surgery, the defined event could be the time from surgery to death. Other applications could involve analysis of chemotherapy or radiation treatment to cancer patients, where the defined event could be the time from the start of therapy to the end of remission. Hence, to determine the effectiveness of treatments will require a comparison of the survival functions associated with patients for each of the treatment groups. Determination of the Kaplan–Meier product limit estimator of the survival function is demonstrated, with observations that may or may not be censored. Computation of the variance of the estimated survival function, at the ordered failure times, is shown subsequently. A log‐rank test that utilizes comparisons of the observed and expected frequencies, for the treatment groups, is demonstrated. Under the null hypothesis of the equality of the survival functions, the log‐rank statistic has approximately a chi‐squared distribution. An example demonstrates the application of the various procedural details.
Recent Statistical Topics of Nuclear Material Inventory Verification
Authors: Kikuchi Masahiro , Suzuki Mitsutoshi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A near‐real‐time accountancy (NRTA) as a timely statistical test method for nuclear material inventory verification in international safeguards has a unique feature and development history, and it has been maintained and updated in large nuclear facilities in Japan. A recent discussion on approaches of measurement uncertainty may have an impact on the decision criteria of NRTA because its development origin dates back to the 1970s and derived from the conventional random and systematic error model. In this article, we will show the overview associated with this issue.
On Normal Law Conditions forTuring's Formula
Authors: Zhang Zhiyi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere are three main elements of interest in this article concerning the conditions of asymptotic normality for Turing's formula. First, a previously established necessary and sufficient condition is meaningfully simplified. Second, the simplified condition facilitates a more instructive description of the required tail properties for the underlying probability distribution, which, in turn, reveals that the asymptotic normality for Turing's formula holds under distributions with qualitatively thinner and thicker tails than those previously demonstrated. Third, it is demonstrated that the asymptotic normality of the relative error associated with Turing's formula is implied by that of the simple additive error, and therefore may hold under more general conditions.AMS 2000 Subject Classifications.Primary 62F10, 62F12, 62G05, 62G20.