bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating overhanging slope failure mechanisms and rockfall trajectories through integrated UAV imagery and discrete element modeling
Authors: Weng Meng-Chia , Zhang Geng-Man , Fu Yu-Yao , Le Hoang-Khanh , Kao Yu-Hui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To evaluate the threat of rockfall from an overhanging slope above a bridge, this study proposes a comprehensive analysis procedure to assess the failure mechanisms of the slope and the associated rockfall trajectories. The analysis utilizes high-resolution point cloud data obtained through integrated UAV-based imagery technology, enabling a detailed evaluation of joint configurations and slope stability. The geometric reconstruction of unstable rock blocks, combined with stereographic projections, provides an in-depth analysis of potential failure modes. Discrete element modeling (DEM) is employed to simulate the failure processes and predict rockfall trajectories, with particular emphasis on the potential risks to the underlying bridge. The results indicate that rockfall events near the bridge are primarily driven by wedge-shaped failures, a finding confirmed by both the proposed inverted three-dimensional projection method and DEM simulations. The analysis identifies critical rock blocks near the bridge, underscoring the need for targeted mitigation strategies. This case study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating UAV-derived data with DEM for assessing overhanging slope failures and managing rockfall risks in similar geological settings.
Increasing loneliness among German children and adolescents from 2018 to 2022: A cross-sectional survey before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Schütz Raphael , Bilz Ludwig 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aim
Loneliness is an increasingly present topic in scientific and public discourse, and has gained relevance due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, there is a lack of representative studies examining the prevalence of loneliness among children and adolescents before and after the pandemic. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of loneliness among 11- to 15-year-old students before (2018) and after (2022) the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate subgroup differences.

Subject and methods
In this cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, the prevalence of loneliness was compared in two representative samples from the German federal state of Brandenburg from 2018 and 2022. In 2018, data were collected from 3,057 (51.8% girls, Mage = 13.1, SD = 1.7) and, in 2022, from 3,801 (52.6% girls, Mage = 13.5, SD = 1.6) students in general education schools. Loneliness was assessed using a single item from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Chi-square test and logistic regressions were performed.

Results
In total, 11.8% of the students reported being lonely in 2018, and 19.3% reported being lonely in 2022. Loneliness was more prevalent among girls, nonbinary, older adolescents, and students with lower family affluence. The increase in loneliness did not differ depending on age, gender, or family affluence.

Conclusion
The findings highlight that loneliness among children and adolescents is a widespread phenomenon that has increased significantly from 2018 to 2022. There is a need for prevention measures and further research into health-related associations of loneliness.
Adsorption and evolution of N2 molecules over ZnO monolayer: a combined DFT and kinetic Monte-Carlo insight
Authors: Ghosh Sulagna , Nath Palash , Sanyal Dirtha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA large surface area, wide band gap, and unique bonding property between Zn and O atoms make the hexagonal ZnO monolayer attractive as a gas sensor. In the present work, the adsorption and evolution of nitrogen (N2) molecules over a ZnO monolayer have been studied using two different theoretical methods: van der Waals density functional theory (vdW-DFT) and kinetic Monte-Carlo (kMC) simulation. The adsorption and diffusion (hopping over the surface) energy of a N2 gas molecule has been calculated considering the different sites over the ZnO substrate using the revPBE-vdW functional. Bader charge, electron localization function analysis, density of states and band structure plotting have been used to understand the adsorption mechanism. Lateral repulsive interaction between two N2 molecules limits the maximum packing number of gas molecules within one hexagonal ring. The output of the vdW-DFT calculation has been fed to the kMC code to predict the rate of adsorption, desorption, and diffusion, along with the overall surface coverage at different temperatures and pressures. Finally, the change in the N2 adsorption energy has been predicted with the increase of the ZnO layer number.
Predicting the potential habitat of bears under a changing climate in Nepal
Authors: Baral Rishi , Adhikari Binaya , Paudel Rajan Prasad , Kadariya Rabin , Subedi Naresh , Dhakal Bed Kumar , Shimozuru Michito , Tsubota Toshio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn Nepal, the distributions of three bear species vary: sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) in the lowlands, Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in the mid-hills, and brown bears (Ursus arctos) in the high Himalayas. We utilized 179 occurrence points for sloth bears, 199 for Asiatic black bears, and 41 points for brown bears to construct a habitat model incorporating climate and topographic variables. Employing various species distribution modeling algorithms in BIOMOD2, the model predicts suitable habitats spanning 10,971.75 km2 for sloth bears; 29,470.75 km2 for Asiatic black bears; and 6152.97 km2 for brown bears. Within protected areas, the habitat for sloth bears is 4120.56 km2, that for Asiatic black bears is 9688.67 km2, and that for brown bears is 4538.67 km2. Chitwan National Park emerged as the prime sloth bear habitat with a core area of 918.55 km2 and a buffer zone of 726.485 km2. The Annapurna Conservation Area was deemed suitable for Asiatic black bears and brown bears, covering 2802.23 km2 and 2795.91 km2, respectively. The models projected a significant reduction in the habitat of these bear species both inside and outside protected areas. As predicted under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP)2–4.5 scenario, sloth bears may experience 54.9% (2050) and 44.7% (2070) losses, respectively, of habitat; Asiatic black bears, 11.2% (2050) and 16.8% (2070); and brown bears, 68.41% (2050) and 82.20% (2070) losses. The overlap between sloth bears and black bears spans 38.7 km2, and that between brown bears and black bears is 26.6 km2. Notably, all three bear species exhibited suitability correlations with the intermediate temperature of the driest quarter. Examining current and projected habitats provides essential information for guiding conservation strategies and ensuring the conservation of these bear species in the face of climate change.
English fronting constructions as a window to the semantics of tense: the case of belief reports
Authors: Kusliy Petr 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper delves into the temporal interpretation of fronting constructions in English, a topic that has received limited attention in the literature on tense semantics. It presents new empirical findings revealing that specific fronting configurations, involving present tense morphology in a complement CP under a matrix past tense, can yield a theoretically unexpected simultaneous interpretation. A novel theoretical framework for understanding English tense is proposed, which accounts for the temporal interpretation of both fronting and non-fronting versions of attitude reports. The framework introduces a null simultaneous tense as a replacement for the conventional indexical present and the Sequence-of-Tense (SOT) de se tense. It is argued that in complement CPs the null simultaneous tense, as well as past tense, can be anchored either to the attitude time or to the utterance time. In either case, each tense receives a de re interpretation. Moreover, the paper contends that evidence from fronting constructions supports Kratzer’s (Proceedings of semantics and linguistic theory 8, pp. 92–110, 1998) proposal that the transmission of temporal features (as part of the mechanism of SOT) occurs at PF. Finally, the proposed revision of the English tense system contributes to a more unified cross-linguistic perspective on tense. It is demonstrated how the temporal readings of attitude reports arising in such non-SOT languages as Russian, Japanese, and Hebrew can be captured within the system developed for English, with known contrasts attributed to the absence of Feature Transmission in those languages. Further known and new data from English, Modern Greek, and German are examined, revealing variations in SOT effects across SOT languages. These data are used as additional evidence supporting the claim that cross-linguistic variation in the interpretation of complement tense stems solely from differences in Feature Transmission. Regarding the semantic profile of tenses, it can be considered largely invariant.
Wine industry by-products as a source of active ingredients for topical applications
Authors: Gonçalves Maria Beatriz S. , Marques Mário Pedro , Correia Fernando , Pires Patrícia C. , Correia Mafalda , Makvandi Pooyan , Varela Carla , Cefali Letícia Caramori , Mazzola Priscila Gava , Veiga Francisco , Cabral Célia , Mascarenhas-Melo Filipa , Paiva-Santos Ana Cláudia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe wine industry is responsible for a considerable amount of waste produced by agricultural activities worldwide, which impacts both the economic sector and the environment through pollution and ecosystem imbalance. There are several examples of by-products generated during the winemaking process, such as grape pomace, vine leaves, grape stalks, or wine lees. These can be recovered and reused by the cosmetic industry, which is actively seeking natural and greener products. There are active ingredients that come from by-products that have relevant bioactive properties such as antioxidant, antiaging, anti-hyperpigmentation, or cellular protection. Therefore, the use of by-products from the wine industry as a source of active ingredients for topical application has attracted attention from the scientific community, overcoming some of the drawbacks of the winemaking process. Further research into extraction processes and methods is essential, as they directly influence the quality and quantity of recovered active ingredients. While current cosmetic products on the market undergo safety and cytotoxicity testing, it is important to evaluate the effects of pesticide treatments applied before pruning and the toxicity of the by-products to ensure the safety of future formulations. This review addresses a critical discussion on this subject, assessing the potential benefits of their use in topical formulations.
Graphical Abstract
Administration of melatonin nanoparticles improves testicular blood flow, echotexture of testicular parenchyma, scrotal circumference, and levels of estradiol and nitric oxide in prepubertal ossimi rams under summer heat stress
Authors: Fayez Eman , Samir Haney , Youssef Fady Sayed , Salama Ali , ElSayed Mohamed AI 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnvironmental heat stress (HS) impairs reproductive efficiency in farm animals. This study investigated, for the first time, how the melatonin and melatonin nanoparticles treatment affected the testicular hemodynamics, testicular volume, echotexture [Pixel intensity (PIX) and integrated density (IND)], scrotal circumference, serum concentration of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), nitric oxide (NO), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in prepubertal Ossimi ram lambs in hot climatic conditions. The lambs undergoing examination had a temperature humidity index (THI) of 87.05 ± 1.70, indicating severe HS condition. Fifteen prepubertal Ossimi ram lambs were exposed to a single s.c injection of either nano melatonin (nano melatonin group; 20 mg/ram; n = 5) or melatonin suspended in two ml of corn oil (melatonin group; 40 mg/ram; n = 5) or two ml of corn oil (control group; n = 5). Blood collection and ultrasonographic assessment of the testes and supratesticular arteries (STAs) were conducted immediately before treatment (W0) and once weekly for six successive weeks after nano melatonin and melatonin injection (W1-W6). Results revealed decreases (P < 0.05) in the Doppler indices (resistive index; RI and pulsatility index; PI) of the testicular arteries at most time points of the study in the nano melatonin and melatonin groups. PIX of testicular parenchyma was significantly increased (P ˂ 0.05) in the treated groups compared to the control one. IND of testicular parenchyma increased significantly in the nano melatonin group compared to the melatonin and control groups. Testicular volume and scrotal circumference significantly increased (P < 0.05) in nano melatonin and melatonin groups compared to the control one. T concentration did not significantly (P > 0.05) change in the treated groups compared to the control group. E2, NO, and TAC concentrations increased (P < 0.05) in the treated groups compared to the control one. In conclusion, this study extrapolated that administrations of melatonin or nano melatonin can ameliorate the effects of environmental HS in prepubertal Ossimi ram lambs with a more protective effect and lower dose of nano melatonin.
Application of intuitionistic fuzzy set in social life cycle impact assessment
Authors: Tokede Olubukola 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) has been found promising for handling ambiguity forms of uncertainty in social data. This paper undertakes an application of an intuitionistic fuzzy set in the social life cycle impact assessment (S-LCIA) of a public building project. This work proposes to combine an intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) with multi-attribute decision-making in converting qualitative data into quantitative social impacts of the building project. This research utilises IFS to accommodate and handle experts’ imprecise cognitions in S-LCIA to facilitate the identification and prioritisation of the most pressing indicators accompanying social impacts in a project.

Methods
Data were collected using questionnaire(s), structured interviews, and through targeted focus group sessions. Intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) approach was used to model the obtained data from structured interviews. Using IFS, this research also accounts for missing or ambiguous data that emerged during the data elicitation process. In combining IFS with multi-attribute decision-making techniques, the social impacts of selected stakeholders were evaluated using fuzzy set and IFS approaches. Sensitivity analysis was then used to test the robustness of the results and ranking was conducted based on each social stakeholder subcategory.

Results and discussion
Results revealed that approximately 23% of missing datapoints in the public case study building were incorporated in the S-LCIA using IFS. The issues of highest priority in each of the considered subcategory in the public case study building project according to IFS are (i) consumer privacy by adopting more functional planning (0.27), (ii) public commitment to sustainability (0.33), and (iii) education provided in the local community by having an indigenous botanical element for children (0.39), respectively. Conversely, the FS technique inferred that the issue of highest priority in the consumer stakeholder is the feedback mechanism (0.26). The overall degree of correlation between the IFS and FS is only 0.234, revealing that IFS provides a different perspective from conventional FS when used in modelling social data.

Conclusion
The IFS method provides an objective and systematic approach for dealing with a heterogeneous scope of imprecise and inexact social data in achieving holistic social life cycle assessment results. Furthermore, expansive stakeholder involvement would rely on a robust approach for improving social well-being in public buildings, thereby leaving no one behind in accomplishing a sustainable world.
US Primary Care Workforce Growth: A Decade of Limited Progress, and Projected Needs Through 2040
Authors: Bazemore Andrew W. , Petterson Stephen M. , McCulloch Kade K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite efforts to mitigate a projected primary care physician (PCP) shortage required to meet an aging, growing, and increasingly insured population, shortages remain, compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, growing inequity, and persistent underinvestment.

Objective
We examined primary care workforce trends over the past decade and revisited projected primary care clinician workforce needs through the year 2040.

Design and Participants
Using data from the AMA Masterfile and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), we analyzed trends in the number of primary care physicians (PCPs) and in outpatient PCP visits by age and gender over the past decade. We then used the Medicare PECOS and Physician & Other Practitioners datasets to identify nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) in primary care.

Measures
Using these baseline clinician enumerations and projected population growth estimates from the US Census Bureau for the years 2020–2040, we calculated estimated primary care workforce needs by 2040.

Key Results
The effects of aging and population growth and baseline shortages in the primary care workforce call for significant increases in the primary care workforce to accommodate rising demands. Office visits to primary care clinicians are projected to increase from 773,606 in 2020 to 893,098 in 2040. We project a need for an additional 57,559 primary care clinicians by 2040.

Conclusions
Workforce shortages in primary care continue to expand due to population aging, growth, and heightened rates of clinician burnout & egress.
On the Dimension of the Singular Set of Perimeter Minimizers in Spaces with a Two-Sided Bound on the Ricci Curvature
Authors: Cucinotta Alessandro , Fiorani Francesco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We show that the Hausdorff dimension of the singular set of perimeter minimizers in noncollapsed limits of manifolds with two-sided bounds on the Ricci curvature is at most

$$n-5$$

n
-
5

, where n is the dimension of the ambient space. The estimate is sharp.
Lights on tardigrade biodiversity: integrative redescription of Eremobiotus alicatai (Eutardigrada, Isohypsibiidae) with new insights on its morphology, phylogeny, and biogeography
Authors: Camarda Daniele , Frigieri Federica , Guidetti Roberto , Cesari Michele , Lisi Oscar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCurrent knowledge on the genus Eremobiotus still remains limited. Only three species are known, mainly recorded in the Palaearctic region, with Eremobiotus alicatai representing the most common species. In the present study, an integrative re-description of E. alicatai based on the examination of a topotypic population from Sicily (Italy) is given, the morphological characters of which perfectly correspond to those of the type series collected in 1969. A second population of E. alicatai, from Tuscany (Italy), was also investigated from the morphological and the molecular point of view, allowing examining the intraspecific variability of the species. A re-analysis of the morphology of specimens of the type series, along with a morphological analysis of specimens of the two investigated populations of E. alicatai, allowed for an update and correction of certain morphological traits in the species. The topotypic and the Tuscanian populations were both investigated through a molecular approach: COI, ITS2, 18S, and 28S gene sequences were obtained, allowing to update the Isohypsibioidea phylogeny and to discuss the correct placement of the genus Eremobiotus. Moreover, the definition of the morphology of the claws of Eremobiotus-type and new observations regarding the buccal opening are discussed.
Distribution of tardigrade cryptobiotic abilities across a fine-scale habitat gradient
Authors: Stec Daniel , Vecchi Matteo , Budzik Krystian , Matsko Yelyzaveta , Miler Krzysztof 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, we examine the distribution of cryptobiotic abilities, specifically anhydrobiosis and cryobiosis, in tardigrade communities across a habitat gradient from the edge to the centre of a forest bordering a desert. Our study demonstrates no correlation between desiccation and freezing tolerance at the community level. However, communities inhabiting the forest centre show higher cryptobiotic performance, likely due to better energy reserves indicated by slower mortality rates during fasting. The observed distribution pattern of cryptobiotic abilities cannot be explained by differences in community compositions or body sizes, as these variables were uniform across the gradient. Our research highlights the significance of environmental factors in shaping cryptobiotic responses and sheds light on the functional characteristics underlying the distribution of tardigrades in fine-scale habitat gradients. Our findings also challenge the hypothesis of a correlation between desiccation and freezing tolerance in cryptobiotic organisms.
Ecological redesign of crop ecosystems for reliable crop protection. A review
Authors: Bommarco Riccardo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo attain food security, we must minimize crop losses caused by weed growth, animal herbivores, and pathogens (or “pests”). Today, crop production depends heavily on the use of chemical pesticides (or “pesticides”) to protect the crops. However, pesticides are phased out as they lose efficiency due to pest resistance, and few new pesticides are appearing on the market. In addition, policies and national action programs are implemented with the aim of reducing pesticide risks. We must redesign our cropping systems to successfully protect our crops against pests using fewer or no pesticides. In this review, I focus on the principles for redesigning the crop ecosystem. Ecological redesign aims to enhance ecological functions in order to regulate pest populations and diminish crop losses. Exploring ecology and ecosystems plays an important role in this transition. Guiding principles for redesigning the cropping system can be drawn from understanding its ecology. Ecosystem and community ecologists have identified four principal ecological characteristics that enhance the biotic regulation of ecological processes across ecosystems: (i) advanced ecosystem succession through introducing and conserving perennial crops and landscape habitats; (ii) reduced disturbance frequency and intensity; (iii) an increase in both managed and wild functional biological diversity, above and below ground; and (iv) matched spatial extent of land use (e.g., crop field size) with that of ecological processes (e.g., dispersal capacity of predators). I review the practices that link these ecosystem characteristics to crop protection in grain commodity cropping in both the crop field and the agricultural landscape. The review brings forth how basic understandings drawn from ecosystem and community ecology can guide agricultural research in the redesign of cropping systems, ensuring that technologies, breeding, innovation, and policy are adapted to and support the reshaped crop ecosystem.