bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inefficient skeletal muscle oxidative function flanks impaired motor neuron recruitment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis during exercise
Authors: Lanfranconi F. , Ferri A. , Corna G. , Bonazzi R. , Lunetta C. , Silani V. , Riva N. , Rigamonti A. , Maggiani A. , Ferrarese C. , Tremolizzo L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate muscle oxidative function during exercise in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients (pALS) with non-invasive methods in order to assess if determinants of reduced exercise tolerance might match ALS clinical heterogeneity. 17 pALS, who were followed for 4 months, were compared with 13 healthy controls (CTRL). Exercise tolerance was assessed by an incremental exercise test on cycle ergometer measuring peak O2 uptake ($$\dot{{\rm{V}}}$$

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O2peak), vastus lateralis oxidative function by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and breathing pattern ($$\dot{{\rm{V}}}$$

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E peak). pALS displayed: (1) 44% lower $$\dot{{\rm{V}}}$$

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O2peakvs. CTRL (p < 0.0001), paralleled by a 43% decreased peak skeletal muscle oxidative function (p < 0.01), with a linear regression between these two variables (r2 = 0.64, p < 0.0001); (2) 46% reduced $$\dot{{\rm{V}}}$$

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Epeakvs. CTRL (p < 0.0001), achieved by using an inefficient breathing pattern (increasing respiratory frequency) from the onset until the end of exercise. Inefficient skeletal muscle O2 function, when flanking the impaired motor units recruitment, is a major determinant of pALS clinical heterogeneity and working capacity exercise tolerance. CPET and NIRS are useful tools for detecting early stages of oxidative deficiency in skeletal muscles, disclosing individual impairments in the O2 transport and utilization chain.
Evidence for mutual assessment in a wild primate
Authors: Benítez Marcela E. , Pappano David J. , Beehner Jacinta C. , Bergman Thore J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn aggressive interactions, game theory predicts that animals should assess an opponent’s condition relative to their own prior to escalation or retreat. Despite the benefits of suchmutual assessment, few studies have been able to reject simpler assessment strategies. Here we report evidence for mutual assessment in a wild primate. Gelada (Theropithecus gelada) males have conspicuous loud calls that may function as a signal of male quality. “Leader” males with harems putatively use loud calls to deter challenges from non-reproductive “bachelor” males. By contrast, leader males pose no threat to each other and congregate in large groups for a dilution effect against bachelors. In playback experiments and natural observations, gelada males responded to loud calls according to both their ownandtheir opponent’s attributes. Although primates routinely classify others relative to themselves using individual attributes, this represents some of the first direct evidence for mutual assessment in primate signaling contests.
A kinetic Monte Carlo simulation method of van der Waals epitaxy for atomistic nucleation-growth processes of transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Nie Yifan , Liang Chaoping , Cha Pil-Ryung , Colombo Luigi , Wallace Robert M. , Cho Kyeongjae 
Published: June 2017

AbstractControlled growth of crystalline solids is critical for device applications, and atomistic modeling methods have been developed for bulk crystalline solids. Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation method provides detailed atomic scale processes during a solid growth over realistic time scales, but its application to the growth modeling of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures has not yet been developed. Specifically, the growth of single-layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is currently facing tremendous challenges, and a detailed understanding based on KMC simulations would provide critical guidance to enable controlled growth of vdW heterostructures. In this work, a KMC simulation method is developed for the growth modeling on the vdW epitaxy of TMDs. The KMC method has introduced full material parameters for TMDs in bottom-up synthesis: metal and chalcogen adsorption/desorption/diffusion on substrate and grown TMD surface, TMD stacking sequence, chalcogen/metal ratio, flake edge diffusion and vacancy diffusion. The KMC processes result in multiple kinetic behaviors associated with various growth behaviors observed in experiments. Different phenomena observed during vdW epitaxy process are analysed in terms of complex competitions among multiple kinetic processes. The KMC method is used in the investigation and prediction of growth mechanisms, which provide qualitative suggestions to guide experimental study.
Transcriptomic analysis of short-fruit 1 (sf1) reveals new insights into the variation of fruit-related traits in Cucumis sativus
Authors: Wang Lina , Cao Chenxing , Zheng Shuangshuang , Zhang Haiyang , Liu Panjing , Ge Qian , Li Jinrui , Ren Zhonghai 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFruit size is an important quality trait in different market classes of Cucumis sativus L., an economically important vegetable cultivated worldwide, but the genetic and molecular mechanisms that control fruit size are largely unknown. In this study, we isolated a natural cucumber mutant, short fruit 1 (sf1), caused by a single recessive Mendelian factor, from the North China-type inbred line CNS2. In addition to significantly decreased fruit length, other fruit-related phenotypic variations were also observed in sf1 compared to the wild-type (WT) phenotype, indicating that sf1 might have pleiotropic effects. Microscopic imaging showed that fruit cell size in sf1 was much larger than that in WT, suggesting that the short fruit phenotype in sf1 is caused by decreased cell number. Fine mapping revealed that sf1 was localized to a 174.3 kb region on chromosome 6. Similarly, SNP association analysis of bulked segregant RNA-Seq data showed increased SNP frequency in the same region of chromosome 6. In addition, transcriptomic analysis revealed that sf1 might control fruit length through the fine-tuning of cytokinin and auxin signalling, gibberellin biosynthesis and signal transduction in cucumber fruits. Overall, our results provide important information for further study of fruit length and other fruit-related features in cucumber.
Dimensionless number is central to stress relaxation and expansive growth of the cell wall
Authors: Ortega Joseph K. E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractExperiments demonstrate that both plastic and elastic deformation of the cell wall are necessary for wall stress relaxation and expansive growth of walled cells. A biophysical equation (Augmented Growth Equation) was previously shown to accurately model the experimentally observed wall stress relaxation and expansive growth rate. Here, dimensional analysis is used to obtain a dimensionless Augmented Growth Equation with dimensionless coefficients (groups of variables, or Π parameters). It is shown that a single Π parameter controls the wall stress relaxation rate. The Π parameter represents the ratio of plastic and elastic deformation rates, and provides an explicit relationship between expansive growth rate and the wall’s mechanical properties. Values for Π are calculated for plant, algal, and fungal cells from previously reported experimental results. It is found that the Π values for each cell species are large and very different from each other. Expansive growth rates are calculated using the calculated Π values and are compared to those measured for plant and fungal cells during different growth conditions, after treatment with IAA, and in different developmental stages. The comparison shows good agreement and supports the claim that the Π parameter is central to expansive growth rate of walled cells.
Immunochemical Approach for Monitoring of Structural Transition of ApoA-I upon HDL Formation Using Novel Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Kimura Hitoshi , Mikawa Shiho , Mizuguchi Chiharu , Horie Yuki , Morita Izumi , Oyama Hiroyuki , Ohgita Takashi , Nishitsuji Kazuchika , Takeuchi Atsuko , Lund-Katz Sissel , Akaji Kenichi , Kobayashi Norihiro , Saito Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractApolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) undergoes a large conformational reorganization during remodeling of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. To detect structural transition of apoA-I upon HDL formation, we developed novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Splenocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with a recombinant human apoA-I, with or without conjugation with keyhole limpet hemocyanin, were fused with P3/NS1/1-Ag4-1 myeloma cells. After the HAT-selection and cloning, we established nine hybridoma clones secreting anti-apoA-I mAbs in which four mAbs recognize epitopes on the N-terminal half of apoA-I while the other five mAbs recognize the central region. ELISA and bio-layer interferometry measurements demonstrated that mAbs whose epitopes are within residues 1–43 or 44–65 obviously discriminate discoidal and spherical reconstituted HDL particles despite their great reactivities to lipid-free apoA-I and plasma HDL, suggesting the possibility of these mAbs to detect structural transition of apoA-I on HDL. Importantly, a helix-disrupting mutation of W50R into residues 44–65 restored the immunoreactivity of mAbs whose epitope being within residues 44–65 against reconstituted HDL particles, indicating that these mAbs specifically recognize the epitope region in a random coil state. These results encourage us to develop mAbs targeting epitopes in the N-terminal residues of apoA-I as useful probes for monitoring formation and remodeling of HDL particles.
Splice variants as novel targets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Jun , Dumartin Laurent , Mafficini Andrea , Ulug Pinar , Sangaralingam Ajanthah , Alamiry Namaa Audi , Radon Tomasz P. , Salvia Roberto , Lawlor Rita T. , Lemoine Nicholas R. , Scarpa Aldo , Chelala Claude , Crnogorac-Jurcevic Tatjana 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite a wealth of genomic information, a comprehensive alternative splicing (AS) analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been performed yet. In the present study, we assessed whole exome-based transcriptome and AS profiles of 43 pancreas tissues using Affymetrix exon array. The AS analysis of PDAC indicated on average two AS probe-sets (ranging from 1–28) in 1,354 significantly identified protein-coding genes, with skipped exon and alternative first exon being the most frequently utilised. In addition to overrepresented extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and focal adhesion that were also seen in transcriptome differential expression (DE) analysis, Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis and axon guidance AS genes were also highly represented. Of note, the highest numbers of AS probe-sets were found in collagen genes, which encode the characteristically abundant stroma seen in PDAC. We also describe a set of 37 ‘hypersensitive’ genes which were frequently targeted by somatic mutations, copy number alterations, DE and AS, indicating their propensity for multidimensional regulation. We provide the most comprehensive overview of the AS landscape in PDAC with underlying changes in the spliceosomal machinery. We also collate a set of AS and DE genes encoding cell surface proteins, which present promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets in PDAC.
Activity-independent targeting of mTOR to lysosomes in primary osteoclasts
Authors: Wang Andrew , Carraro-Lacroix Luciene R. , Owen Celeste , Gao Bowen , Corey Paul N. , Tyrrell Pascal , Brumell John H. , Voronov Irina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is activated by numerous stimuli, including amino acids and growth factors. This kinase is part of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) which regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and autophagy. Active mTORC1 is located on lysosomes and has been reported to disassociate from the lysosomal surface in the absence of amino acids. Furthermore, mTORC1 activity has been linked to the vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases), the proton pumps responsible for lysosomal acidification; however, the exact role of the V-ATPases in mTORC1 signaling is not known. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in mTORC1 regulation by the V-ATPases, we used primary osteoclasts derived from mice carrying a point (R740S) mutation in the a3 subunit of the V-ATPase. In these cells, the mutant protein is expressed but the pump is not functional, resulting in higher lysosomal pH. By analyzing mTOR activation, mTOR/lysosome co-localization, and lysosomal positioning using confocal microscopy, fractionation, and ultrapure lysosomal purification methods, we demonstrate that in primary osteoclasts, mTOR is localized on the lysosomal surface even when mTOR activity is inhibited. Our findings reveal that mTOR targeting to the lysosome in osteoclasts is activity-independent, and that its disassociation from the lysosome during starvation is not universal.
Regional brain functions in the resting state indicative of potential differences between depression and chronic pain
Authors: Yoshino Atsuo , Okamoto Yasumasa , Doi Mitsuru , Otsuru Naofumi , Okada Go , Takamura Masahiro , Ichikawa Naho , Yokoyama Satoshi , Yamashita Hidehisa , Yamawaki Shigeto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractComplex relationships between depression and chronic pain have been reported in previous studies. However, only a few neuroimaging studies have investigated similarities and differences in neural systems underlying them. We examined the brain functions in the resting state of 43 patients with depression, 41 patients with chronic pain (somatoform pain disorder) and 41 healthy controls, by using regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity analysis. Depressive symptoms were assessed by using the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II). ReHo values for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) significantly decreased for chronic pain patients, and functional connectivity between the DLPFC and thalamus decreased only for these patients. These findings are indicative of distinct brain functions related to depression and chronic pain. Understanding these differences would further elucidate the pathophysiology of these conditions.
Synthesis and characterization of ultralong SiC nanowires with unique optical properties, excellent thermal stability and flexible nanomechanical properties
Authors: Hu Ping , Dong Shun , Zhang Xinghong , Gui Kaixuan , Chen Guiqing , Hu Ze 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSeveral-millimeter long SiC nanowires (NWs) with unique optical properties, excellent thermal stability and flexible nanomechanical properties were synthesized using a simple method with silicon and phenolic resin as the raw materials. The SiC NWs displayed special optical properties that were attributed to their large size and Al-doping. They displayed broad green emission at 527.8 nm (2.35 eV) and purple emission concentrated at 438.9 nm (2.83 eV), in contrast to the other results, and the synthesized SiC NWs could also remain relatively stable in air up to 1000 °C indicating excellent thermal stability. The Young’s moduli of the SiC NWs with a wide range of NW diameters (215–400 nm) were measured using anin situnanoindentation method with a hybrid scanning electron microscopy/scanning probe microscopy (SEM/SPM) system for the first time. The results suggested that the values of the Young’s modulus of the SiC NWs showed no clear size dependence, and the corresponding Young’s moduli of the SiC NWs with diameters of 215 nm, 320 nm, and 400 nm were approximately 559.1 GPa, 540.0 GPa and 576.5 GPa, respectively. These findings provide value and guidance for studying and understanding the properties of SiC nanomaterials and for expanding their possible applications.
Cheek and Chin Implants to Enhance Facelift Results
Authors: Patel Sagar , Kridel Russell 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe traditional rhytidectomy addresses facial and neck aging as it relates to soft tissue laxity. The modern volumetric facelift provides optimal results by addressing not only skin laxity but also the loss of volume secondary to tissue atrophy and bony resorption. While multiple techniques including fat grafting, dermal fillers, and tissue resuspension are used to correct the tissue loss, alloplastic midface augmentation remains the most permanent method. In our practice we often address midface cheek hollowness or atrophy with the placement of submalar implants at the time of rhytidectomy. In addition to midface volumetric rejuvenation, alloplastic chin implantation can help strengthen and further define a retrusive chin and weak jawline. In this article we discuss technique, indications, and benefits of performing alloplastic augmentation as an adjunct to rhytidectomy.
V-Y Advancement Flap for Defects of the Lid–Cheek Junction
Authors: Quatrano Nicola , Stevenson Mary , Sclafani Anthony , Carucci John 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe report a series of 10 patients who underwent inferolaterally based V-Y advancement flaps for reconstruction of defects involving the lower eyelid and infraorbital cheek junction. Defects ranged from 1.7 to 2.9 cm in largest diameter, and patients ranged from 59 to 84 years of age. All patients had excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes without subsequent surgical or laser revision. There were no instances of flap necrosis, hematoma, or ectropion. Vertically oriented V-Y flaps are often underused in this setting largely due to the perceived increase risk of ectropion. We describe a modification of the flap with lateral orientation that both diminishes the downward tension vector, which threatens ectropion, and conceals incision scars within resting tension lines, providing superior functional and aesthetic outcomes. Our series demonstrates that a properly designed and well-executed inferiorly based V-Y advancement flap can be used as a safe reconstructive modality for defects involving the lid–cheek junction.
Cone Beam CT of Trauma of Small Bones and Joints
Authors: Desimpel Julie , Vanhoenacker Filip 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEvaluation of trauma of small bones or joints is traditionally done by conventional radiographs (CRs). Although multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has a better sensitivity than CR in fracture detection and evaluation of complex fractures, high doses of radiation prevent systematic use of MDCT in fracture evaluation. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) combines a high spatial resolution and relatively low radiation dose and is therefore a very valuable technique to evaluate trauma of small bones and joints in patients with negative or doubtful radiographs and a high clinical suspicion for fractures or when complex fractures are suspected. CBCT may also be useful for the evaluation of chronic trauma or follow-up of fractures.
Knowledge of mood in internal and external interface contexts in Spanish heritage speakers in the Netherlands
Authors: Osch Brechje van , Hulk Aafke , Sleeman Petra , Aalberse Suzanne 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study investigates Spanish heritage speakers in the Netherlands on their judgments of Spanish mood in a syntactic context and in two interface contexts: the internal interface between syntax and semantics and the external interface between syntax and pragmatics. The strong version of the Interface Hypothesis predicts most vulnerability in the external interface context, and least in the syntactic context. The results of a scalar acceptability judgment task provide support for this hypothesis. We furthermore discuss other possibly relevant factors such as cross-linguistic influence, the default status of the indicative, order of L1 acquisition and variability and frequency in monolingual Spanish.
The Compounding Parameter and L2 acquisition
Authors: Marcelino Marcello 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This chapter investigates the L2 acquisition of the cluster of structures related to the positive setting of the Compounding Parameter (TCP: nominal compounding (N+N), resultative structures (RS), verb+particle constructions (V+PRT), double object constructions (DOC), and preposition stranding (PrepStr)) in the development of the interlanguage of Brazilian learners of English. Since Brazilian Portuguese (BP) has the negative setting of TCP, the possible acquisition of the cluster in this context may serve as evidence for poverty of the stimulus effects in L2 acquisition. Two groups of Brazilian learners of English, one intermediate and one advanced, were tested and compared. The results suggest that the acquisition of [+]TCP-related cluster of structures by the advanced group as well as their developing knowledge by the intermediate group might be indicative of access to UG.
The Brophy Case: The use of Artificial Hydration and Nutrition
Authors: Boyle Philip , King Larry , O'Rourke Kevin 
Published: June 2017

Case Study: Paul Brophy, a 48-year old fireman living in Boston, married to Patricia Brophy for 27 years, suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage as a result of a ruptured basilar tip aneurysm on March 22, 1983. In order to correct the aneurysm. Brophy underwent major surgery involving a right frontotemporal craniotomy and a clipping of the basilar tip aneurysm. Postoperatively, he never regained consciousness, and has remained in a persistent vegetative state. Subsequent to his surgery of April 6, 1983 and prior to his discharge on June 28, 1983, Brophy received multiple CT scans, which showed a complete infarction (destruction of tissue secondary to lack of blood flow) of his left posterior cerebral artery and infarction of the right temporal lobe of the brain. In January, 1985, Patricia Brophy, with the consent of the five Brophy children, all of whom are adults, petitioned to have all life sustaining treatment removed from her husband, including the discontinuation of all artificial nutrition and hydration. What decision should the court make?
Precipitation priority in 5083 Al-alloys containing small amounts of Cu or Zn
Authors: Chen Wei , Luo Binghui , Gao Yang , Bai Zhenhai , Jing Huibo , Zhao Jingwei 
Published: June 2017

This study investigated the precipitation priority in Al–Mg alloys modified by the addition of 0.8 wt-% Cu or Zn, revealing that both these alloys exhibit increased hardness and decreased corrosion resistance. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and high-angle annular dark field imaging show that the precipitation priority changed the main second-phase particles of Cu- and Zn-containing alloys. Additionally, thermodynamic data of these phases were calculated using a semi-empirical model, showing good agreement with the experimental results. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Light Alloys.