bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monodisperse Nano‐Fe3O4 on α‐Al2O3 Catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis to Lower Olefins: Promoter and Size Effects
Authors: Yuan Yong , Huang Shouying , Wang Hongyu , Wang Yifan , Wang Jian , Lv Jing , Li Zhenhua , Ma Xinbin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 16/2017 is provided by Prof. Xinbin Ma and co‐workers from Tianjin University (P.R. China). The image shows a volcanic curve with increasing particle size of K and S promoted Fe5C2 catalysts for direct conversion of syngas to lower olefins. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201700792.
Efficient Conversion of Bio‐Lactic Acid to 2,3‐Pentanedione on Cesium‐Doped Hydroxyapatite Catalysts with Balanced Acid–Base Sites
Authors: Li Xinli , Sun Liangwei , Zou Weixin , Cao Ping , Chen Zhi , Tang Congming , Dong Lin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe report the design and synthesis of cesium‐doped hydroxyapatite for direct and high‐yield conversion of biobased lactic acid to 2,3‐pentanedione (72.3 %). Cs species derived from CsNO3 at high temperature of calcination is introduced into the hydroxyapatite structure to regulate its acid–base properties. It is found that a balance of acid–base chemistry favors the condensation of lactic acid to 2,3‐pentanedione. As a result, the undesired reactions such as lactic acid dehydration, decarbonylation, and coking are suppressed. Instead, a concerted catalysis between surface basic site and acidic site for lactic acid condensation to 2,3‐pentanedione dominates on the cesium‐doped hydroxyapatite catalyst, leading to a highly selective process for direct conversion of bio‐lactic acid to 2,3‐pentanedione.
Calculation of topological indices from molecular structures and applications
Authors: Zhang Qingyou , Xiao Kaixia , Chen Mengyao , Xu Lu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis mini review presents a brief description of the research efforts for new topological indices of organic molecular structures undertaken in the authors' laboratory at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. They were used for the processing of chemical information, as highly selective topological indices for uniqueness determination, as highly selective atomic chiral indices for chiral center recognition, in the exhaustive generation of isomers, in a stereo code for the exhaustive generation of stereoisomers, in the prediction of C‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and in studies on rare earth extractions. The topological indicesAmi, 3D descriptors, and chiral descriptors are described, as well as their applications in quantitative structure activity/property relationship studies.
Independent component analysis based on data‐driven reconstruction of multi‐fault diagnosis
Authors: Feng Lin , Zhang Yingwei , Li Xuguang , Fu Yuanjian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIndependent component analysis based on data‐driven reconstruction has been widely used in online fault diagnosis for industrial processes. As an alternative to conventional contribution plots, the reconstruction‐based fault diagnosis method has been drawing special attention. The method detects fault information with a specific reconstruction model based on historical fault data. In this paper, a novel method was proposed that focuses on handling multiple fault cases in abnormal processes. First, reconstruction‐based fault subspaces were extracted based on monitoring statistics in 2 different monitoring subspaces to enclose the major fault effects. Independent component analysis was then used to recover the main fault features from the selected fault subspaces, which represent the joint effects from multiple faults for online diagnosis. The simulation results showed the feasibility and performance of the proposed method with simulated multi‐fault cases in the Tennessee Eastman (TE) benchmark process.
Highly Microporous Nitrogen‐doped Carbon Synthesized from Azine‐linked Covalent Organic Framework and its Supercapacitor Function
Authors: Kim Gayoung , Yang Jun , Nakashima Naotoshi , Shiraki Tomohiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPorous carbons with nitrogen‐doped (N‐doped) structures are promising materials for advanced energy conversion and storage applications, including supercapacitors and fuel cell catalysts. In this study, microporous N‐doped carbon was successfully fabricated through carbonization of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with an azine‐linked two‐dimensional molecular network (ACOF1). In the carbonized ACOF1, micropores with diameters smaller than 1 nm are selectively formed, and a high specific surface area (1596 cm2 g−1) is achieved. In addition, the highly porous structure with N‐doped sites results in enhancement of the electrochemical capacitance. Detailed investigation for the micropore‐forming process reveals that the formation of nitrogen gas during the thermal degradation of the azine bond contributes to the microporous structure formation. Therefore, the present direct carbonization approach using COFs allows the fabrication of microporous heteroatom‐doped carbons, based on molecularly designed COFs, toward future electrochemical and energy applications.
Polyaspartates as Thermoresponsive Enantiodifferentiating Helically Chiral Alignment Media for Anisotropic NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Schwab Mira , Herold Dominik , Thiele Christina M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLyotropic liquid crystalline phases of poly‐β‐phenethylaspartates are presented as new helically chiral enantiodifferentiating alignment media with thermoresponsive properties. In addition to displaying the highest enantiodifferentiation observed for homopolypeptides, the alignment media undergo a temperature induced helix reversal without perturbing the nematic phase. This offers the opportunity to measure residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) in high and low temperature helix conformation (P‐ and M‐helix) in one polymer. Thus different mean orientations of a chiral analyte can be determined within the same sample. Furthermore, we investigated whether the resulting media are diastereomeric and whether we are able to obtain information about the alignment process.
Visible‐Light‐Induced, Catalyst‐Free Radical Arylations of Arenes and Heteroarenes with Aryldiazonium Salts
Authors: Fürst Michael C. D. , Gans Eva , Böck Michael J. , Heinrich Markus R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the absence of a photocatalyst and other additives, the radical arylation of diverse arenes and heteroarenes has been achieved with aryldiazonium salts under visible‐light irradiation from a blue light‐emitting diode (LED). Although the course of some reactions can be rationalized by the formation of strongly light‐absorbing charge‐transfer (CT) complexes between the diazonium ion and the aromatic substrate, several further examples indicated that the simple presence of an aromatic substrate, showing only weak interactions to the diazonium ion, is fully sufficient to enable product formation.
Core‐needle biopsy of breast cancer is associated with a higher rate of distant metastases 5 to 15 years after diagnosis than FNA biopsy
Authors: Sennerstam Roland B. , Franzén Bo S. H. , Wiksell Hans O. T. , Auer Gert U. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDThe literature offers discordant results regarding whether diagnostic biopsy is associated with the dissemination of cancer cells, resulting in local and/or distant metastasis. The long‐term outcomes of patients with breast cancer were compared between those who were diagnosed using either fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) or core‐needle biopsy (CNB) during 2 decades: the 1970s and 1990s.METHODSIn the 1970s, the only diagnostic needle biopsy method used for breast cancer in Sweden was FNAB. CNB was introduced 1989 and became established in Stockholm Gotland County in the early 1990s. The authors compared the clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed using FNAB from 1971 to 1976 (n = 354) versus those of patients diagnosed using CNB from 1991 to 1995 (n = 1729). Adjusting for differences in various treatment modalities, mammography screening, tumor size, DNA ploidy, and patient age between the 2 decades, 2 strictly matched samples representing FNAB (n = 181) and CNB (n = 203) were selected for a 15‐year follow‐up study.RESULTSIn a comparison of the rates of distant metastasis in the strictly matched patient groups from the FNAB and CNB cohorts, significantly higher rates of late‐appearing (5‐15 years after diagnosis) distant metastasis were observed among the patients who were diagnosed on CNB compared with those who were diagnosed on FNAB. No significant difference in local metastasis was observed between the 2 groups.CONCLUSIONSAt 5 to 15 years after diagnosis of the primary tumor, CNB‐diagnosed patients had significantly higher rates of distant metastases than FNAB‐diagnosed patients. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:748‐56. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Wireless sensor network for smart power metering
Authors: Ševčík Peter , Žák Samuel , Hodoň Michal 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn this paper, the problematic of power metering is targeted. Places with shared power sources, where electricity usage is calculated equally according to the number of users, are often misused by single users for illegitimate power usage. Special wireless sensor network was developed and implemented in a scenario of multi‐store parking garage to solve this problem. This paper is an extended version of the paper published in the iNetSApp'15 section of the FedCSIS 2015 IEEE international conference. This paper is supplemented with measured waveforms of mains magnitudes for concrete electrical appliances (bulb, refrigerator, and electric motor). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social cognition and metacognition in social anxiety: A systematic review
Authors: Gkika Styliani , Wittkowski Anja , Wells Adrian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCognitive–behavioural and metacognitive approaches to emotional disorder implicate beliefs in social anxiety, but the types of beliefs differ across these perspectives. Cognitive models suggest that social beliefs about the self (i.e., high standards and conditional and unconditional beliefs) are central. In contrast, the metacognitive model gives centre stage to metacognitive beliefs (i.e., positive and negative beliefs about thinking) as main contributors to the maintenance of the disorder. Despite an expanding research interest in this area, the evidence for such contributions has not yet been reviewed. This study set out to systematically review relevant cross‐sectional, longitudinal, and experimental investigations of the direct and indirect (through cognitive processes, such as anticipatory processing, self‐focused attention, the post‐mortem, and avoidance) relationships of social and metacognitive beliefs with social anxiety. Clinical and nonclinical samples were included, and correlation and regression coefficients as well as results from group comparisons (e.g., t tests and analyses of variance) were extracted. Overall, 23 papers were located, through PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science, and reviewed using narrative synthesis. The results showed a robust positive relationship between social beliefs and social anxiety that appeared to be mediated by cognitive processes. Specific metacognitive beliefs were found to positively contribute to social anxiety both directly and indirectly, through cognitive processes. The study's findings are limited to 2 models of social anxiety and other minor limitations (e.g., grey literature was excluded). With these accounted for, the results are discussed in terms of the conceptualization and treatment of social anxiety and suggestions for future research are made.
Performance evaluation of enhanced error correction algorithms for efficient wireless 3D video communication systems
Authors: El‐Shafai W. , El‐Rabaie S. , El‐Halawany M.M. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn the Three‐Dimensional Multi‐View Video (3D MVV) coding prediction structure, the coded bit‐streams may be dropped down due to error transmissions. So, it is compulsory to recover the corrupted Macro‐Blocks (MBs) at the decoder utilizing efficient Error Concealment (EC) post‐processing techniques. The EC methods exploit the temporal, inter‐view, and spatial matching among 3D MVV views and frames without any alterations in the encoder software or hardware or in the transmission rate. They retrieve the Disparity Vectors (DVs) and Motion Vectors (MVs) of the erroneous MBs. To enhance the received 3D MVV quality, we suggest several optimized schemes to reconstruct the lost and erroneous MBs of inter‐encoded and intra‐encoded frames. A hybrid method combining the Circular Scan Order Interpolation Algorithm (CSOIA) and Partitioning Motion Compensation Algorithm (PMCA) is proposed for intra‐frame EC. For inter‐corrupted MBs, a hybrid method comprising Directional Textural Motion Coherence Algorithm (DTMCA) and Directional Interpolation Error Concealment Algorithm (DIECA) is suggested. Experimental outcomes on several 3D MVV frames demonstrate that the suggested EC algorithms have more robustness to both heavily random and slice losses. They objectively and subjectively work better than the state‐of‐the‐art EC techniques. The proposed work achieves high 3D MVV quality with an improved average Peak Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (PSNR) gain up to 2.45 to 4.55 dB compared with traditional EC algorithms at Packet Loss Rates (PLRs) of 40%.
Performance analysis of a variable‐gain amplify‐and‐forward relayed mixed RF‐FSO system
Authors: Khanna Himanshu , Aggarwal Mona , Ahuja Swaran 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn this work, an amplify‐and‐forward variable‐gain relayed mixed RF‐FSO system is studied. The considered dual‐hop system consists of a radio frequency (RF) link followed by a free space optical (FSO) channel. The RF link is affected by short‐term multipath fading and long‐term shadowing effects and is assumed to follow the generalized‐K fading distribution that approximates accurately several important distributions often used to model communication channels. The FSO channel experiences fading caused by atmospheric turbulence that is modeled by the gamma‐gamma distribution characterizing moderate and strong turbulence conditions. The FSO channel also suffers path loss and pointing error induced misalignment fading. The performance of the considered system is analyzed under the collective influence of distribution shaping parameters, pointing errors that result in misalignment fading, atmospheric turbulence, and path loss. The moment‐generating function of the Signal power to noise power ratio measured end‐to‐end for this system is derived. The cumulative distribution function for the Signal power to noise power ratio present between the source and destination receiver is also evaluated. Further, we investigate the error and outage performance and the average channel capacity for this system. The analytical expressions in closed form for the outage probability, symbol and bit error rate considering different modulation schemes and channel capacity are also derived. The mathematical expressions obtained are also demonstrated by numerical plots.
Development of a tool for the structural design of the vertical load‐bearing capacity of unreinforced masonry
Authors: Suda Raphael , Schranz Christian , Jäger Andreas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBefore the introduction of EC 6, simple codes permitted masonry to be designed manually. The simplified procedure according to EN 1996‐3 still allows manual design, but its application is restricted. Therefore, a more laborious design according to EN 1996‐1‐1 is often required.This article presents a newly developed software tool, which facilitates the structural design of the vertical load‐bearing capacity of unreinforced masonry according to EN 1996‐1‐1. The tool is intuitive to use and has been developed based on experience from working in the field. The tool assists the planner in making decisions during the masonry design process. This article describes and explains the implemented, theoretical assumptions as well as the software tool NRd‐Pro‐Tool itself. This software tool facilitates simple, clear und transparent structural design of the vertical load bearing capacity of unreinforced masonry.
Numerical investigation of lateral earth pressure for unreinforced masonry walls
Authors: Dengler Kersten , Förster Valentin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFor the design of unreinforced masonry walls under lateral earth pressure according to DIN EN 1996‐3 [1], the active earth pressure is used, which is less than the earth pressure at rest. For the consideration of active earth pressure, a sufficient deflection of the wall is needed. It is unknown whether the deflections in reality are large enough to justify a reduction of the active earth pressure. Therefore a numerical model has been developed which considers the load‐bearing behaviour of masonry walls, with several boundary conditions being considered to estimate the effective earth pressure.
A fine‐scale U.S. population estimate of a montane spruce–fir bird species of conservation concern
Authors: Hill Jason M. , Lloyd John D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) is one of the most range‐restricted bird species in North America. In the United States (U.S.), it occurs only in the disturbed montane forests of fir (Abies balsamea) and spruce (Picea spp.) in the northeastern states of New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. Climate change is expected to substantially diminish this vegetation community (>50% extinction from current range) by 2300. Despite the increasingly tenuous conservation status of the species, fundamental demographic parameters remain unknown and overall population size is uncertain. We used N‐mixture models in a hierarchical Bayesian framework to predict population size and to elucidate spatial and temporal patterns of Bicknell's Thrush abundance in the northeastern United States. From 2011 to 2016, as part of Mountain Birdwatch, citizen‐scientists conducted 14,552 five‐minute point counts at 747 sampling locations along hiking trails. Observers detected Bicknell's Thrush at 49.4% of points and tallied 1079 observations of the species. Bicknell's Thrush abundance was parsimoniously modeled as a complex function of elevation, forest canopy cover, and latitude. Using our model results, and the estimated U.S. range of the Bicknell's Thrush, we produced the first fine‐scale (<1.0 ha resolution) abundance estimate and map of Bicknell's Thrush density across their U.S. range. We predicted the U.S. Bicknell's Thrush population in 2016 as 71,318 (95% credible interval: 56,080–89,748), and 95% of that population occurred above 805 m. Combining our results with existing estimates of population size in Canada suggests a global population size of <120,000; Bicknell's Thrush likely have one of the smallest population sizes of regularly occurring bird species within the contiguous United States and Canada. By cross‐referencing the U.S. Geological Survey Protected Areas Database, we estimated that 76.6% of Bicknell's Thrush habitat occurred on conserved lands across the United States and that this habitat supported 84.6% of the predicted population. The White Mountain National Forest (New Hampshire and Maine) is the largest conservator of Bicknell's Thrush habitat in the United States and supports ~31% of the predicted U.S. population. Our model provides a testable framework for assessing the success of future conservation and management actions on Bicknell's Thrush populations throughout their U.S. range.
An Induction‐Motor Control Method for Minimization of Capacitor‐Voltage Fluctuations in a Modular Multilevel DSCC Inverter: Its Applications to a Quadratic‐Torque Load
Authors: OKAZAKI YUHEI , MATSUI HITOSHI , MUHORO M. MOSES , HAGIWARA MAKOTO , AKAGI HIROFUMI 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis paper aims at minimizing capacitor‐voltage fluctuations inherent in a modular multilevel cascade inverter based on double‐star chopper cell (DSCC) or a modular multilevel DSCC inverter. The inverter can drive an induction motor loaded with a quadratic‐torque load. Both theoretical analysis and numerical calculation reveal that the voltage fluctuations can be minimized when the ratio of a magnetizing‐current component with respect to a torque‐current component in the motor current is set to unity, regardless of the motor mechanical speed. A three‐phase DSCC inverter is designed and constructed to drive a 380‐V, 15‐kW, 50‐Hz, four‐pole, induction motor loaded with a quadratic torque that is proportional to a square of the motor mechanical speed. Experimental results confirm the validity of the theoretical and numerical calculations.
Discretization Error Compensation Method in High‐Speed Motor Drive System by using Direct Torque Control
Authors: MATSUYAMA TETSUYA , TOMIGASHI YOSHIO , YOSHIMOTO JUNKI , INOUE YUKINORI , MORIMOTO SHIGEO 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYIn this paper, a discretization error compensation method in a motor drive system by using direct torque control (DTC) is proposed. Similar to a conventional current control system, DTC allows an efficient drive and a wide range drive. Furthermore, it has the advantage that its control system can be simple and theoretically it can realize sensorless position control. Therefore, a reference flux vector calculator (RFVC) DTC is studied as a system for the ultra‐high‐speed drive control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). In high‐speed drive, we revealed that a discretization error in the DTC generates an error in the instruction magnetic flux and stator magnetic flux. In addition, we revealed that current detection timing generates an error in the estimated torque and real torque. Then, we propose a compensation method to cancel the flux and torque error focusing on the phase of the stator magnetic flux and experimentally verifying its effectiveness.
Study on Acceleration Factor at 5000 h Multiple Stress Test and Aging Evaluation of EVA Insulator
Authors: KURIHARA SATOSHI , FURUKAWA SEIJI , TAKANO KOJI , HASHIMOTO YOSUKE , HIKITA MASAYUKI 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYThe authors carried out an outdoor exposure test and the 5000 h multiple stress test to ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer composite insulator used for 22 kV distribution line and an attempt was made to estimate the acceleration factor of the 5000‐h multiple stress test corresponding to the climate condition of the Kyushu area. By comparing dry band arc cumulative charge of leakage current at 5000‐h multiple stress test with that in the outdoor exposure test, the authors estimated the acceleration factor of the 5000‐h multiple stress test to be about 20 times. The acceleration factor was found to almost agree with the evaluation result of the absorption of hydroxyl group by FT‐IR analysis and the surface roughness of the insulator, respectively. Finally, for the electrical property, the expected life of EVA insulator that the authors developed was confirmed to be more than 40 years.