bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of SNF1 on Maltose Metabolism and Leavening Ability of Baker's Yeast in Lean Dough
Authors: Zhang Cui‐Ying , Bai Xiao‐Wen , Lin Xue , Liu Xiao‐Er , Xiao Dong‐Guang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMaltose metabolism of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in lean dough is negatively influenced by glucose repression, thereby delaying the dough fermentation. To improve maltose metabolism and leavening ability, it is necessary to alleviate glucose repression. The Snf1 protein kinase is well known to be essential for the response to glucose repression and required for transcription of glucose‐repressed genes including the maltose‐utilization genes (MAL). In this study, the SNF1 overexpression and deletion industrial baker's yeast strains were constructed and characterized in terms of maltose utilization, growth and fermentation characteristics, mRNA levels of MAL genes (MAL62 encoding the maltase and MAL61 encoding the maltose permease) and maltase and maltose permease activities. Our results suggest that overexpression of SNF1 was effective to glucose derepression for enhancing MAL expression levels and enzymes (maltase and maltose permease) activities. These enhancements could result in an 18% increase in maltose metabolism of industrial baker's yeast in LSMLD medium (the low sugar model liquid dough fermentation medium) containing glucose and maltose and a 15% increase in leavening ability in lean dough. These findings provide a valuable insight of breeding industrial baker's yeast for rapid fermentation.
The Impact of Carvacrol on Ammonia and Biogenic Amine Production by Common Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: Özogul Fatih , Kaçar Çiğdem , Kuley Esmeray 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe impact of carvacrol at different levels (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) on ammonia (AMN) and biogenic amines (BAs) production by 8 common foodborne pathogens (FBPs) (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Salmonella Paratyphi A) was studied using a rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography method. Significant differences among bacteria (P < 0.05) in AMN and BA production were observed using a tyrosine decarboxylase broth. Tyramine, dopamine, agmatine, spermine, and putrescine were the main amines produced by the bacteria. Tyramine production by P. aeruginosa was the highest (967 mg/L), whereas K. pneumoniae was the poorest tyramine producer (6.42 mg/L). AMN and BA production varied significantly depending on carvacrol levels and the specific bacterial strains. Tyramine production for all bacterial strains was significantly suppressed by addition of carvacrol at levels of 0.5% and 1%, but not 0.1%. Consequently, the effect of carvacrol on BA and AMN formation by FBP was dependent on bacterial strain as well as carvacrol level.
Phylogenetic marker development for target enrichment from transcriptome and genome skim data: the pipeline and its application in southern African Oxalis (Oxalidaceae)
Authors: Schmickl Roswitha , Liston Aaron , Zeisek Vojtěch , Oberlander Kenneth , Weitemier Kevin , Straub Shannon C. K. , Cronn Richard C. , Dreyer Léanne L. , Suda Jan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPhylogenetics benefits from using a large number of putatively independent nuclear loci and their combination with other sources of information, such as the plastid and mitochondrial genomes. To facilitate the selection of orthologous low‐copy nuclear (LCN) loci for phylogenetics in nonmodel organisms, we created an automated and interactive script to select hundreds of LCN loci by a comparison between transcriptome and genome skim data. We used our script to obtain LCN genes for southern African Oxalis (Oxalidaceae), a speciose plant lineage in the Greater Cape Floristic Region. This resulted in 1164 LCN genes greater than 600 bp. Using target enrichment combined with genome skimming (Hyb‐Seq), we obtained on average 1141 LCN loci, nearly the whole plastid genome and the nrDNA cistron from 23 southern African Oxalis species. Despite a wide range of gene trees, the phylogeny based on the LCN genes was very robust, as retrieved through various gene and species tree reconstruction methods as well as concatenation. Cytonuclear discordance was strong. This indicates that organellar phylogenies alone are unlikely to represent the species tree and stresses the utility of Hyb‐Seq in phylogenetics.
Constitutionalizing Austerity: Taking the Public out of Public Policy
Authors: McBride Stephen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNothwithstanding their failure to achieve stated objectives, austerity policies have been pursued with persistence. Rather than failures prompting reconsideration, there is a clear trend to render austerity policies a permanent, constitutionalized response to economic challenges ‘for all seasons’. This article links the drive to austerity with the ‘new constitutionalism’ literature which depicts procedurally the removal of important decisions from the realm of liberal democratic politics and their re‐location behind impenetrable and unaccountable barriers; and, in terms of content, embed neoliberal practices and policies, and the power relations that underpin them, as ‘normal’. This takes the public out of public policy making with negative consequences for democratic governance.
The Effect and Underlying Mechanism of Ethanol on Intracellular H+‐Equivalent Membrane Transporters in Human Aorta Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Loh Shih‐Hurng , Lee Chung‐Yi , Chen Gunng‐Shinng , Wu Ching‐Hsia , Tsao Chan‐Jun , Shih Shou‐Jou , Chi‐Chung Chou , Tsai Chien‐Sung , Tsai Yi‐Ting 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundThe presence of intracellular pH (pHi) regulators, including Na+–H+ exchanger (NHE), Na+– co‐transporter (NBC), Cl−/OH− exchanger (CHE), and Cl−/ exchanger (AE), have been confirmed in many mammalian cells. Alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disorder. The aims of the study were to identify the possible transmembrane pHi regulators and to explore the effects of ethanol (EtOH) (10 to 300 mM) on the resting pHi and pHi regulators in human aorta smooth muscle cells (HASMCs).MethodsHASMCs were obtained from patients undergoing heart transplant. The pHi was measured by microspectrofluorimetry with the pH‐sensitive dye, BCECF‐AM.ResultsThe following results are obtained. (i) In cultured HASMCs, the resting pHi was 7.19 ± 0.04 and 7.13 ± 0.02 for HEPES‐ and CO2/‐buffered solution, respectively. (ii) Two different Na+‐dependent acid‐equivalent extruders, including NHE and Na+‐coupled transporter, functionally coexisted. (iii) Two different Cl−‐dependent acid loaders (CHE and AE) were functionally identified. (iv) EtOH induced a biphasic, concentration‐dependent change in resting pHi (+0.25 pH unit at 100 mM but only +0.05 pH unit at 300 mM) in bicarbonate‐buffered solution, while caused a concentration‐dependent decrease in resting pHi (−0.06 pH unit at 300 mM) in HEPES‐buffered solution. (v) The effect of EtOH on NHE activity was also biphasic: increase of 40% at lower concentration of 10 mM, followed by decrease of 30% at higher concentration of 300 mM. (vi) The increase in Na+‐coupled transporter activity by EtOH was concentration dependent. (vii) The effect of EtOH on CHE and AE activities was both biphasic: increase of ~25% at 30 mM, followed by decrease of 10 to 25% at 100 mM, and finally increase of 15 to 20% at 300 mM.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that 2 acid extruders and 2 acid loaders coexisted functionally in HASMCs and that EtOH induced a biphasic, concentration‐dependent change in resting pHi by altering the activity of the 2 acid extruders, NHE and Na+‐coupled transporter, and the 2 acid loaders, CHE and AE.
Systematic Review of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Interventions Across the Life Span
Authors: Reid Natasha , Dawe Sharon , Shelton Douglas , Harnett Paul , Warner Judith , Armstrong Eleanor , LeGros Kim , O'Callaghan Frances 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundIndividuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) can experience profound impairments and long‐term adverse outcomes. This systematic review adopts a life span perspective providing an extensive analysis of the available literature.MethodsStudies were identified from PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, ERIC, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and gray literature. Two reviewers independently screened the title and abstract of each reference, and the methodological rigor of the included studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Project assessment tool.ResultsThirty‐two studies met the inclusion criteria, of which the vast majority targeted early to middle childhood. Two studies focused on early intervention in the postnatal period, and 6 studies aimed to improve attention and/or self‐regulation in childhood. Three of these provided promising evidence on improving self‐regulatory difficulties for children with FASDs. Nine studies focused on improving specific areas of dysfunction. Six studies addressed social skills; 3 of these used an adaptation of a well‐validated social skills program. Three studies provided promising initial evidence that parents and caregivers could benefit from support with child behavior and a further 4 studies provided education and advocacy for parents/caregivers, teachers, or child welfare workers. The final 2 studies were aimed at supporting parents who were themselves affected by prenatal alcohol exposure.ConclusionsThere is growing evidence for interventions that improve outcomes for early to middle childhood. However, a lack of research exists outside of this developmental period. This lack of research is concerning given the potential positive impact of early intervention, for individuals and, financially, for governments. In addition, the lack of interventions for adolescents and adults further highlights the widening developmental gap and the potential influence of secondary disabilities for this at‐risk population.
BK Channel β1 Subunit Contributes to Behavioral Adaptations Elicited by Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure
Authors: Kreifeldt Max , Cates‐Gatto Chelsea , Roberts Amanda J. , Contet Candice 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundLarge conductance, calcium‐ and voltage‐activated potassium (BK) channels regulate neuronal excitability and neurotransmission. They can be directly activated by ethanol (EtOH) and they may be implicated in EtOH dependence. In this study, we sought to determine the influence of the auxiliary β1 and β4 subunits on EtOH metabolism, acute sensitivity to EtOH intoxication, acute functional tolerance, chronic tolerance, and handling‐induced convulsions during withdrawal.MethodsMotor coordination, righting reflex, and body temperature were evaluated in BK β1 and β4 knockout, heterozygous, and wild‐type mice following acute EtOH administration. Chronic tolerance and physical dependence were induced by chronic intermittent inhalation of EtOH vapor.ResultsConstitutive deficiency in BK β1 or β4 subunits did not alter the clearance rate of EtOH, acute sensitivity to EtOH‐induced ataxia, sedation, and hypothermia, nor acute functional tolerance to ataxia. BK β1 deletion reduced chronic tolerance to sedation and abolished chronic tolerance to hypothermia, while BK β4 deletion did not affect these adaptations to chronic EtOH exposure. Finally, the absence of BK β1 accelerated the appearance, while the absence of BK β4 delayed the resolution, of the hyperexcitable state associated with EtOH withdrawal.ConclusionsAltogether, the present findings reveal the critical role of BK β1 in behavioral adaptations to prolonged, repeated EtOH intoxication.
Water quality and phytoplankton community structure in mangrove streams under different logging regimes in Cameroon
Authors: Fonge Ambo Beatrice , Tabot Pascal Tabi , Mumbang Coleen , Mange Chop Adeline 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMangrove logging is rampant, and its effects on phytoplankton dynamics have not been investigated. Phytoplankton are valuable in biomonitoring pollution in mangrove ecosystems. This study assessed the relationship between physico‐chemical characteristics of the water and observed phytoplankton community structure, in relation to anthropogenic activities. Water samples were collected from seven sites within the mangrove ecosystem that differed in wood harvesting age and proximity to human settlements. Characterization of samples followed standard methods. pH of all water samples indicated acidity. Phytoplankton species richness and soluble P were positively correlated (r = 0.822, P ≤ 0.023), but no correlations existed with logging age (r = −0.273, P = 0553). The site with highest soluble phosphorus concentration (Site 4) had highest phytoplankton abundance, diversity and richness. A total of 127 species were identified in 58 families. Euglenaceae was the most abundant family (13 species) and Anacystis sp. the most frequent species (100%). The most common genera were Microcystis and Anacystis, bioindicators of pollution. The site at which harvesting was most recently performed had more eutrophic species, while site harvested earliest (Site 5) had the least. These results are discussed with respect to how anthropogenic activities influence water quality, phytoplankton community structure, mangrove conservation and management.
Early‐onset and very‐early‐onset bipolar disorder: distinct or similar clinical conditions?
Authors: Propper Lukas , Ortiz Abigail , Slaney Claire , Garnham Julie , Ruzickova Martina , Calkin Cynthia V , O'Donovan Claire , Hajek Tomas , Alda Martin 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine differences in the clinical presentation of very‐early‐onset (VEO) and early‐onset (EO) bipolar disorder (BD) not fully explored previously.MethodsWe selected two groups of subjects with BD from the Maritime Bipolar Registry based on age at onset of first major mood episode (VEO with onset prior to age 15 years; EO ranging from 15 to 18 years) and compared them with a reference group (onset after 18 years of age). There were 363 subjects (240 with bipolar I disorder and 123 with bipolar II disorder; mean age 44.2 ± 12.8 (SD) years), with 41 subjects in the VEO and 95 in the EO groups.ResultsIn comparison with the EO and reference groups, more subjects in the VEO group developed major depression as an index episode (88% for the VEO group versus 61% for the EO group and 54% for the reference group), and had an unremitting clinical course (65% versus 42% and 42%, respectively), rapid cycling (54% versus 34% and 28%, respectively), and comorbid attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (17% versus 1% and 3%, respectively); a higher proportion of the VEO group had first‐degree relatives with affective disorders compared with the EO and reference groups (0.41 versus 0.32 and 0.29, respectively), and they had lower scores on the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (mean scores of 64 versus 70 and 70). Overall, the EO group was similar to the reference group on most measures, except for increased suicidal behavior VEO 53%, EO 44% and reference group 25%). The results of polychotomous logistic regression also support the view that VEO BD represents a rather specific subtype of BD.ConclusionsOur results suggest the recognized correlates of early‐onset BD may be driven by subjects at the lowest end of the age at onset spectrum.
Consumption inequality in Canada, 1997 to 2009
Authors: Norris Sam , Pendakur Krishna 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe assess the evolution of consumption inequality in Canada over the years 1997 to 2009. We correct the imputation of shelter consumption for homeowners to allow for unobserved differences in housing quality correlated with selection into rental tenure, and we account for measurement error in this imputation. Using the annual Survey of Household Spending for years 1997 to 2009, we find that household‐level consumption inequality measured by the Gini coefficient increased from 0.251 to 0.275 over 1997 to 2006. Between 2006 and 2007, consumption inequality may have decreased, and over 2007 to 2009, consumption inequality was flat. Over the entire period of 1997 to 2009, consumption inequality increased moderately. The Gini coefficient for individual‐level consumption inequality followed a similar pattern, though the changes were smaller in magnitude. We also explore a possible correction for tail non‐response bias in inequality measurement and find that the increase in measured consumption inequality is robust to this correction.
Economic Benefits of Self‐Employment for Canadian Immigrants
Authors: Nakhaie Reza 
Published: November 2015

This paper evaluates the economic benefits of self‐employment in Canada for 12 groups of ethno‐racial immigrants. It tests whether or not their self‐employment earnings are higher or lower than similar groups in wage and salary employment, whether ethnic minorities earn more or less from self‐employment compared to White immigrants, and whether self‐employment earnings of immigrant groups vary by their industrial sectors of employment. Using the Canadian Census 2006, I show that self‐employed ethno‐racial immigrants earn less than White immigrants. I also show that the economic benefits of self‐employment depend on the ethno‐racial groups and the industrial mix of their self‐employment.Cet article évalue les avantages économiques du travail indépendant au Canada pour 12 groupes d'immigrés ethnoraciaux. Il teste si les revenus du travail indépendant sont supérieurs ou inférieurs aux groupes similaires au sujet de salaire et de travail avec le salaire annuel, si les minorités ethniques gagnent plus ou moins de travail indépendant par rapport aux immigrés blancs, et si les revenus du travail indépendant des groupes immigrés varient par leurs secteurs industriels de travail. En utilisant le Recensement du Canada de 2006, je montre que les immigrés ethnoraciaux qui sont indépendants gagnent moins que les immigrés blancs. Je montre aussi que les avantages économiques dépendent des groupes ethnoraciaux et du mélange industriel de leur travail indépendant.
La distinction : addendum statistique
Authors: Brisson Romain , Bianchi Renzo 
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study is twofold: first, to assess the statistical significance of the data used by Pierre Bourdieu in Distinction; second, to test the hypothesis that the volume of capital (i.e., the global amount of capital) allows for a finer discrimination of dispositional differences than the composition of capital (i.e., the respective weight of the different types of capital in the global amount of capital). To these ends, five data samples were submitted to bilateral between‐proportion comparison tests. The findings (1) reveal that about two‐thirds of the differences reported by P. Bourdieu are significant and (2) support the view that the volume of capital prevails over its composition.Cette étude poursuit deux objectifs : établir, d'une part, la significativité statistique des données ayant servi de base empirique au modèle que Pierre Bourdieu propose dans La distinction ; mettre à l’épreuve, d'autre part, l'hypothèse selon laquelle le volume de capital (i.e. la quantité globale de capital) constitue, en matière de différenciation dispositionnelle, une variable plus déterminante que la structure du capital (i.e. le poids respectif des différents types de capital au sein du volume global de capital). À cette double fin, les données relatives à cinq échantillons sont soumises à des tests de comparaison bilatérale de proportions indépendantes. Les résultats obtenus (1) révèlent que près des deux tiers des différences observées par P. Bourdieu sont significatives et (2) soutiennent l'hypothèse de la prépondérance du volume de capital sur sa structure.
Novel splice‐site mutation in WDR62 revealed by whole‐exome sequencing in a Sudanese family with primary microcephaly
Authors: Bastaki Fatma , Mohamed Madiha , Nair Pratibha , Saif Fatima , Tawfiq Nafisa , Aithala Gururaj , El‐Halik Majdi , Al‐Ali Mahmoud , Hamzeh Abdul Rezzak 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe WDR62 gene encodes a scaffold protein of the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. It plays a critical role in laying out various cellular layers in the cerebral cortex during embryogenesis, and hence the dramatic clinical features resulting from WDR62 mutations. These mutations are associated with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly 2, with or without cortical malformations (MCPH2). Using whole exome sequencing we uncovered a novel WDR62 variant; c.390G > A, from two Sudanese siblings whose parents are first cousins. The patients suffered MCPH2 with incomplete lissencephaly and developmental delay. The mutation affects the last nucleotide of exon4, and probably leads to aberrant splicing, which may result in a truncated protein lacking all functional domains.
Performance Comparison of Bounding Volume Hierarchies and Kd‐Trees for GPU Ray Tracing
Authors: Vinkler Marek , Havran Vlastimil , Bittner Jiří 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe present a performance comparison of bounding volume hierarchies and kd‐trees for ray tracing on many‐core architectures (GPUs). The comparison is focused on rendering times and traversal characteristics on the GPU using data structures that were optimized for very high performance of tracing rays. To achieve low rendering times, we extensively examine the constants used in termination criteria for the two data structures. We show that for a contemporary GPU architecture (NVIDIA Kepler) bounding volume hierarchies have higher ray tracing performance than kd‐trees for simple and moderately complex scenes. On the other hand, kd‐trees have higher performance for complex scenes, in particular for those with high depth complexity. Finally, we analyse the causes of the performance discrepancies using the profiling characteristics of the ray tracing kernels.
Water exposure – challenging differences between occupations
Authors: Meding Birgitta , Anveden Berglind Ingegärd , Alderling Magnus , Lindahl Gunborg , Wrangsjö Karin 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundFew studies have compared water exposure between different occupations in the general population.ObjectivesTo investigate and compare the extent of occupational water exposure, with a focus on service, healthcare and production occupations previously classified as involving a high risk for hand eczema.MethodsIn two public health surveys (2006 and 2010), a validated question regarding occupational water exposure was answered by 18 342 and 15 736 gainfully employed individuals, respectively.ResultsExposure for ≥ 0.5 h/day was reported by 17.5% and 16.3% (p = 0.020) for the respective years, and exposure for > 2 h/day by 7.8% and 7.7% (p = 0.73). Exposure in women was almost twice as high as in men for both years (p ≤ 0.001) and exposure levels (p < 0.001). Exposure for > 2 h/day was more common in high‐risk occupations in service and healthcare than in non‐high‐risk occupations [prevalence proportion ratios of 16.7 (95%CI: 14.0–20.0) and 8.3 (95%CI: 6.9–9.9), respectively]. Exposure was highest in service occupations, where 44.6% reported exposure for > 2 h/day in 2010, and kitchen work, cleaning and hairdressing dominated. In healthcare, the corresponding figure was 22.0%.ConclusionsChallenging differences in water exposure between occupational groups were found, and extensive water exposure was reported in a number of occupations previously classified as involving a high risk for hand eczema.