bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between hyperspectral indices, agronomic parameters and phenolic composition of Vitis vinifera cv Tempranillo grapes
Authors: García‐Estévez Ignacio , Quijada‐Morín Natalia , Rivas‐Gonzalo Julián C , Martínez‐Fernández José , Sánchez Nilda , Herrero‐Jiménez Carlos M , Escribano‐Bailón M Teresa 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe phenolic composition of grapes is key when making decisions about harvest date and ensuring the quality of grapes. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the detailed phenolic composition of grapes and the agronomic parameters and hyperspectral indices, with the latter being measured via field radiometry techniques.RESULTSGood correlations were found between phenolic composition (both anthocyanin and flavanol composition) and some hyperspectral indices related to vigor, such as the NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and the SAVI (soil adjusted vegetation index). The strongest correlations were observed between the phenolic composition of grape skin at harvest time and variables measured from grapes at veraison time, as well as variables determined from grapevines at harvest time. The potential usefulness of these hyperspectral indices calculated from measurements performed directly on grapes or grapevines for estimating the anthocyanin and flavanol composition of grape skins was indicated by the high coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.7955 and R2 = 0.8594, respectively) as obtained by means of principal component regression.CONCLUSIONAccording to the results of the present study, hyperspectral indices calculated from measurements performed directly on grapes at veraison time or on grapevines at harvest time may be useful for estimating the anthocyanin and flavanol composition of grape skins. This suggests that field radiometry might provide valuable information for estimating the phenolic composition of grapes, which may prove to be very useful when establishing strategies for harvest planning. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A novel controlled release ethanol emitter: preparation and effect on some postharvest quality parameters of Chinese bayberry during storage
Authors: Mu Honglei , Gao Haiyan , Chen Hangjun , Fang Xiangjun , Han Qiang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDReducing spoilage and prolonging the shelf‐life of food materials are both critically important in the food industry. Among the many available preservatives, ethanol has been widely used for the storage of fruits and vegetables. Although a few ethanol emitters are available in the form of antimicrobial packaging, these ethanol emitters demonstrate high volatility, uncontrolled release and other disadvantages, and so the practical applications are limited.RESULTSA novel ethanol gel with a controlled release rate was prepared by a gelatification reaction between ethanol and sodium stearate to overcome the disadvantage of conventional ethanol emitters. The hardness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness of developed ethanol gels increased, whereas the springiness decreased along with an increase in the sodium stearate concentration. The release rate of ethanol in the gels was controlled by the concentration of sodium stearate, in which a first‐order release kinetic was observed. The release rate constant (k) of the gels with 12.5, 37.5, 62.5 g kg−1 of sodium stearate was 0.58 ± 0.029, 0.49 ± 0.035 and 0.41 ± 0.021 h−1, respectively, at 25 °C. The application of the controlled release ethanol emitter with respect to the storage of Chinese bayberry fruit demonstrated its ability to reduce the decay rate, maintain firmness and inhibit increased malondialdehyde content at 4 °C.CONCLUSIONIn terms of practical applications, an appropriate sodium stearate content can be selected in accordance with the storage period, aiming to achieve precise storage goals. Therefore, the ethanol emitter has potential application prospects as an active packaging for Chinese bayberry fruit, as well as for other perishable products. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Minimising variation in aspalathin content of aqueous green rooibos extract: optimising extraction and identifying critical material attributes
Authors: Miller Neil , De Beer Dalene , Joubert Elizabeth 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh levels of aspalathin, an antidiabetic dihydrochalcone, in green rooibos underpins interest in the production of a standardised extract. Elements of a quality‐by‐design approach were applied to optimise extraction conditions, aiming at the delivery of a dry matter yield (DMY) ≥ 160 g kg−1 and an extract with an aspalathin content (AC) ≥ 80 g kg−1.RESULTSHot water extraction parameters, namely extraction time, extraction temperature and water‐to‐plant material ratio, were optimised for DMY and aspalathin extraction efficiency (AEE) using Design of Experiments. Good polynomial prediction models were obtained and multiresponse desirability plots indicated 37 min, 93 °C and 23:1 as optimal conditions. Even when using 30 min and 10:1 instead for practical reasons, the target DMY and AC values could be achieved with the caveat that plant material with an AC ≥ 30 g kg−1 is used. Particle size distribution and stem content were identified as contributing to variation in the AC of raw material.CONCLUSIONBy setting raw material specifications in terms of AC, as well as applying practical optimum extraction conditions, 160 g kg−1 extract with an AC ≥ 80 g kg−1 could be consistently achieved from green rooibos plant material. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Head and neck sweat gland adenocarcinoma: A population‐based perspective of a rare entity
Authors: Unsal Aykut A. , Patel Varesh R. , Chung Sei Y. , Zhou Albert H. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesHead and neck sweat gland adenocarcinoma (HNSGA) is an extremely rare malignancy. We present the first population‐based analysis regarding this entity.Study DesignRetrospective population‐based analysis.MethodsUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry from 2000 to 2013, we extracted 627 cases of HNSGA. Data were analyzed for incidence trends, demographic and clinicopathologic traits, and predictors of disease‐specific survival (DSS).ResultsThe majority HNSGA cases were white, male, and 60 to 79 years old. The incidence was 0.036 per 100,000 people. Tumors most often presented as localized disease and histological grade II/III. The skin of the face was the most common primary site (43.4%), followed by the scalp and neck (31.6%). Overall 5‐, 10‐, and 20‐year DSS were 94.6%, 89.6%, and 79.8%, respectively. Ethnicity did not affect survival, whereas a younger age at diagnosis and female sex conferred an advantage at 10 years (P = 0.0386) and 5 years (P = 0.0191), respectively. The origin of the HNSGA (apocrine vs. eccrine) did not affect outcomes. Regional and distant disease predicted worse DSS at 5, 10, and 20 years (P = 0.0026, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Compared to grade I/II disease, grade III/IV dramatically worsened 5‐, 10‐, and 20‐year DSS (P = 0.0035, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0011, respectively). Scalp and neck HNSGA exhibited the poorest 20‐year DSS compared to other primary sites (P = 0.0024).ConclusionWe present the largest cohort of HNSGA. Significant poor prognostic indicators include older age, higher tumor grade, greater extent of invasion, and primary site of the scalp or neck.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:2757–2762, 2017
Does incidental mastoid opacification on computerized tomography necessitate referral to ENT?
Authors: Wilkinson Sophie L. , Sahota Raguwinder S. , Constable James D. , Harper Frazer , Judd Owen 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveThe prevalence of incidental temporal bone disease on magnetic resonance imaging has been widely reported in the medical literature. Despite this, there currently is little evidence regarding incidental otological disease on computerized tomography (CT). Thus, the study aimed to review the CT prevalence of asymptomatic adult ear disease and evaluate the appropriateness of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) referral following its discovery.Study DesignRetrospective observational study of 468 CT scans.MethodsAll CT head scans performed between January 2015 and January 2016 containing the keyword mastoid in the radiological report initially were recruited for the study. Scans performed in the pediatric population following head trauma or for otological indications were excluded, leaving 468 eligible radiological images. The presence of prior otological disease or referral subsequently was established using electronic patient records.ResultsMastoid and/or middle ear opacification was noted to be present in 62 patients (13%). Of these patients, 10 subsequently were found to have prior otological intervention or review. Following exclusion of these patients, the rate of incidental temporal bone disease was recorded as 11%.ConclusionData from this study suggests that incidental findings in an asymptomatic individual do not necessitate referral or further intervention. Furthermore, it is the author's recommendation that radiological findings be closely correlated with clinical examination to reduce false diagnosis and inappropriate referral to ENT.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:2860–2865, 2017
Sinus procedures in the Medicare population from 2000 to 2014: A recent balloon sinuplasty explosion
Authors: Calixto Nathaniel E. , Gregg‐Jaymes Twyla , Liang Jonathan , Jiang Nancy 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo describe sinus procedure trends from 2000 to 2014, particularly following the introduction of balloon sinuplasty Common Procedural Technology (CPT) codes in 2011.Study DesignRetrospective review of Medicare billing data available to the public.MethodsProcedure and beneficiary data from 2000 to 2014 and provider data from 2012 to 2014 were obtained online from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Sinus CPT codes were classified as balloon sinus procedure (BSP) or nonballoon sinus procedure (nBSP). Providers billing for sinus procedures were categorized as BSP only, nBSP only, or both. For comparison, data on septoplasty procedures from 2000 to 2014 were obtained.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2014, the total number of sinus procedures per 10 thousand beneficiaries (PP10K) nationwide increased by 3.7% annually. From 2011 to 2014, nBSP PP10K decreased by 3.1% annually, and BSP PP10K increased by 59% annually. Septoplasty PP10K changed by < 1% annually between 2000 and 2014. States with the highest BSP PP10K from 2012 to 2014 were Kansas, Texas, and Louisiana. Providers performing sinus procedures increased by 30.9% from 2012 to 2014. There was a 244% increase in BSP‐only providers, a 0.7% increase in nBSP‐only providers, and an 83.3% increase in providers using both. Septoplasty providers increased by 4.1%.ConclusionAlthough the total number of sinus procedures increased from 2000 to 2014, the number of BSP increased at a substantially greater rate since the introduction of CPT codes for these procedures in 2011. Nationwide increases in sinus providers were driven by new providers performing balloon‐guided procedures.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:1976–1982, 2017
Fluid‐Induced Alignment of Carbon Nanofibers in Polymer Fibers
Authors: Lu Mingchang , Sharifi Farrokh , Hashemi Nicole N. , Montazami Reza 
Published: April 2017

Carbon nanofiber/polycaprolactone (CNF/PCL) composite fibers are fabricated using a microfluidic approach. The fibers are made with different content levels of CNFs and flow rate ratios between the core and sheath fluids. The electrical conductivity and tensile properties of these fibers are then investigated. It is found that at a CNF concentration of 3 wt%, the electrical conductivity of the composite fiber significantly increases to 1.11 S m−1. The yield strength, Young's modulus, and ultimate strength of the 3 wt% CNF increase relative to the pure PCL by factors of 1.72, 2.88, and 1.23, respectively. Additionally, the results show that a microfluidic approach can be considered as an effective method to align CNFs along the fibers in the longitudinal direction.
image
Understanding How Goal‐striving, Goal Orientation, and Shame Influence Self‐perceptions after Exposure to Models in Advertising
Authors: Pounders Kathrynn , Rice Dan Hamilton , Mabry‐Flynn Amanda 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTMarketers frequently use advertisements featuring thin models to promote the goal of self‐improvement to consumers. However, many of these appeals lead to detrimental effects on the self‐perceptions of the females who view them. This paper integrates components of goal‐striving theory and social comparison theory to explain consumer response to these advertisements and investigates how goal attainability may mitigate the negative effects of these ads. Additionally, this work investigates how a promotion‐focus goal orientation moderates the effects of the goal‐striving process and provides evidence of the mediating effects of shame. Finally, this work addresses a gap in the literature by examining how the interplay of model size and goal attainability impacts male consumers’ self‐perceptions. Study 1 reveals that high levels of perceived goal attainability mitigate the negative effects of exposure to thin models on self‐perceptions for females. Study 2 demonstrates that a high promotion‐focus goal orientation can lead to more favorable self‐perceptions for female participants exposed to a thin model with attainable goals, but it does not isolate participants from feelings of shame, which mediates the effects of goal attainability on self‐perceptions. Study 3 reveals similar findings for male consumers, but notably finds that shame does not play a significant role in understanding the comparison process for male consumers, suggesting key differences in the comparison processes between sexes.
Step‐Growth Polymerizing Systems of General Type “AfiBgi”: Calculating the Radius of Gyration and theg‐Curve Using Generating Functions and Recurrences
Authors: Hillegers L. Tom , Slot Johan J. M. 
Published: April 2017

Step‐growth polymerized systems of general type “AfiBgi” are considered. One or more of the monomer species carries at least three reactive groups and thus can act as a branching point in a polymeric molecule. An algorithmic method is presented to calculate the topology‐averaged square radius of gyration,R2[s], of the molecules in the class ofs‐mers. The degree of polymerization,s, may run through its full range. In addition toR2[s], the shrinking factor,g[s], is calculated. The method uses integer arithmetic, generating functions, and computer algebra.image
Anaerobic utilization of Fe(III)‐xenosiderophores among Bacteroides species and the distinct assimilation of Fe(III)‐ferrichrome by Bacteroides fragilis within the genus
Authors: Rocha Edson R. , Krykunivsky Anna S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this study, we show that Bacteroides species utilize Fe(III)‐xenosiderophores as the only source of exogenous iron to support growth under iron‐limiting conditions in vitro anaerobically. Bacteroides fragilis was the only species able to utilize Fe(III)‐ferrichrome while Bacteroides vulgatus ATCC 8482 and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI 5482 were able to utilize both Fe(III)‐enterobactin and Fe(III)‐salmochelin S4 as the only source of iron in a dose‐dependent manner. We have investigated the way B. fragilis assimilates Fe(III)‐ferrichrome as initial model to understand the utilization of xenosiderophores in anaerobes. B. fragilis contains two outer membrane TonB‐dependent transporters (TBDTs), FchA1 and FchA2, which are homologues to Escherichia coli ferrichrome transporter FhuA. The disruption of fchA1 gene had only partial growth defect on Fe(III)‐ferrichrome while the fchA2 mutant had no growth defect compared to the parent strain. The genetic complementation of fchA1 gene restored growth to parent strain levels indicating that it plays a role in Fe(III)‐ferrichrome assimilation though we cannot rule out some functional overlap in transport systems as B. fragilis contains abundant TBDTs whose functions are yet not understood. However, the growth of B. fragilis on Fe(III)‐ferrichrome was abolished in a feoAB mutant indicating that Fe(III)‐ferrichrome transported into the periplasmic space was reduced in the periplasm releasing ferrous iron prior to transport through the FeoAB transport system. Moreover, the release of iron from the ferrichrome may be linked to the thiol redox system as the trxB deletion mutant was also unable to grow in the presence of Fe(III)‐ferrichrome. The genetic complementation of feoAB and trxB mutants completely restored growth on Fe(III)‐ferrichrome. Taken together, these findings show that Bacteroides species have developed mechanisms to utilize ferric iron bound to xenosiderophores under anaerobic growth conditions though the regulation and role in the biology of Bacteroides in the anaerobic intestinal environment remain to be understood.
Prevalence, incidence, indication, and choice of antidepressants in patients with and without chronic kidney disease: a matched cohort study in UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Iwagami Masao , Tomlinson Laurie A. , Mansfield Kathryn E. , McDonald Helen I. , Smeeth Liam , Nitsch Dorothea 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposePeople with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased prevalence of depression, anxiety, and neuropathic pain. We examined prevalence, incidence, indication for, and choice of antidepressants among patients with and without CKD.MethodsUsing the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we identified patients with CKD (two measurements of estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 for ≥3 months) between April 2004 and March 2014. We compared those with CKD to a general population cohort without CKD (matched on age, sex, general practice, and calendar time [index date]). We identified any antidepressant prescribing in the six months prior to index date (prevalence), the first prescription after index date among non‐prevalent users (incidence), and recorded diagnoses (indication). We compared antidepressant choice between patients with and without CKD among patients with a diagnosis of depression.ResultsThere were 242 349 matched patients (median age 76 [interquartile range 70–82], male 39.3%) with and without CKD. Prevalence of antidepressant prescribing was 16.3 and 11.9%, and incidence was 57.2 and 42.4/1000 person‐years, in patients with and without CKD, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, CKD remained associated with higher prevalence and incidence of antidepressant prescription. Regardless of CKD status, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were predominantly prescribed for depression or anxiety, while tricyclic antidepressants were prescribed for neuropathic pain or other reasons. Antidepressant choice was similar in depressed patients with and without CKD.ConclusionsThe rate of antidepressant prescribing was nearly one and a half times higher among people with CKD than in the general population. © 2017 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 inhibitors suppress the AR‐V7‐mediated transcription and selectively inhibit cell growth in AR‐V7‐positive prostate cancer cells
Authors: Nakata Daisuke , Koyama Ryokichi , Nakayama Kazuhide , Kitazawa Satoshi , Watanabe Tatsuya , Hara Takahito 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDRecent evidence suggests that androgen receptor (AR) splice variants, including AR‐V7, play a pivotal role in resistance to androgen blockade in prostate cancer treatment. The development of new therapeutic agents that can suppress the transcriptional activities of AR splice variants has been anticipated as the next generation treatment of castration‐resistant prostate cancer.METHODSHigh‐throughput screening of AR‐V7 signaling inhibitors was performed using an AR‐V7 reporter system. The effects of a glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK3) inhibitor, LY‐2090314, on endogenous AR‐V7 signaling were evaluated in an AR‐V7‐positive cell line, JDCaP‐hr, by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between AR‐V7 signaling and β‐catenin signaling was assessed using RNA interference. The effect of LY‐2090314 on cell growth in various prostate cancer cell lines was also evaluated.RESULTSWe identified GSK3 inhibitors as transcriptional suppressors of AR‐V7 using a high‐throughput screen with an AR‐V7 reporter system. LY‐2090314 suppressed the reporter activity and endogenous AR‐V7 activity in JDCaP‐hr cells. Because silencing of β‐catenin partly rescued the suppression, it was evident that the suppression was mediated, at least partially, via the activation of β‐catenin signaling. AR‐V7 signaling and β‐catenin signaling reciprocally regulate each other in JDCaP‐hr cells, and therefore, GSK3 inhibition can repress AR‐V7 transcriptional activity by accumulating intracellular β‐catenin. Notably, LY‐2090314 selectively inhibited the growth of AR‐V7‐positive prostate cancer cells in vitro.CONCLUSIONSOur findings demonstrate the potential of GSK3 inhibitors in treating advanced prostate cancer driven by AR splice variants. In vivo evaluation of AR splice variant‐positive prostate cancer models will help illustrate the overall significance of GSK3 inhibitors in treating prostate cancer.
Comparison of IDW and Physically Based IDEW Method in Hydrological Modelling for a Large Mountainous Watershed, Northwest China
Authors: Zhang L. , He C. , Li J. , Wang Y. , Wang Z. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTopography and spatial patterns of landscape significantly affect spatial distribution of precipitation and, in turn, hydrological modelling, especially in high elevation, mountainous watersheds of arid regions. This study incorporates a physically based inverse distance and elevation weighted (PBIDEW) method into a distributed conceptual hydrological model, distributed large basin runoff model, and compared with an inverse distance weighted (IDW) method to assess the performances of both methods in precipitation estimation for hydrological modelling at watershed scale. The PBIDEW method considers the impacts of topography using month‐dependent parameters in its interpolation of meteorological variables while the IDW method does not. Both the IDW and the PBIDEW methods are evaluated and compared in hydrological modelling at different spatial resolutions in the upper reach of the Heihe River Watershed, Northwest China. Results show that the IDW method underestimated the areal precipitation, and the PBIDEW method produced more realistic precipitation estimations in the study area. Both methods have some limitations, the performance of the IDW method was mainly influenced by the availability of observation data, while that of the PBIDEW method was mainly influenced by the representation of topographical information. Considering more detailed information for precipitation estimates, the PBIDEW method performed better at finer spatial resolution. Overall, the PBIDEW method, using month‐dependent physical interpolation parameters, seems more suitable for precipitation estimation in hydrological simulations in data‐scarce, high elevation and topographically complex mountainous watersheds in arid area. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.