bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of quenchable amorphous diamond
Authors: Zeng Zhidan , Yang Liuxiang , Zeng Qiaoshi , Lou Hongbo , Sheng Hongwei , Wen Jianguo , Miller Dean J. , Meng Yue , Yang Wenge , Mao Wendy L. , Mao Ho-kwang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDiamond owes its unique mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical, chemical, and biocompatible materials properties to its complete sp3-carbon network bonding. Crystallinity is another major controlling factor for materials properties. Although other Group-14 elements silicon and germanium have complementary crystalline and amorphous forms consisting of purely sp3 bonds, purely sp3-bonded tetrahedral amorphous carbon has not yet been obtained. In this letter, we combine high pressure and in situ laser heating techniques to convert glassy carbon into “quenchable amorphous diamond”, and recover it to ambient conditions. Our X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy experiments on the recovered sample and computer simulations confirm its tetrahedral amorphous structure and complete sp3 bonding. This transparent quenchable amorphous diamond has, to our knowledge, the highest density among amorphous carbon materials, and shows incompressibility comparable to crystalline diamond.
SIRT7 antagonizes TGF-β signaling and inhibits breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Tang Xiaolong , Shi Lei , Xie Ni , Liu Zuojun , Qian Minxian , Meng Fanbiao , Xu Qingyang , Zhou Mingyan , Cao Xinyue , Zhu Wei-Guo , Liu Baohua 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDistant metastasis is the main cause of breast cancer-related death; however, effective therapeutic strategies targeting metastasis are still scarce. This is largely attributable to the spatiotemporal intratumor heterogeneity during metastasis. Here we show that protein deacetylase SIRT7 is significantly downregulated in breast cancer lung metastases in human and mice, and predicts metastasis-free survival. SIRT7 deficiency promotes breast cancer cell metastasis, while temporal expression of Sirt7 inhibits metastasis in polyomavirus middle T antigen breast cancer model. Mechanistically, SIRT7 deacetylates and promotes SMAD4 degradation mediated by β-TrCP1, and SIRT7 deficiency activates transforming growth factor-β signaling and enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Significantly, resveratrol activates SIRT7 deacetylase activity, inhibits breast cancer lung metastases, and increases survival. Our data highlight SIRT7 as a modulator of transforming growth factor-β signaling and suppressor of breast cancer metastasis, meanwhile providing an effective anti-metastatic therapeutic strategy.
Computational prediction of new auxetic materials
Authors: Dagdelen John , Montoya Joseph , de Jong Maarten , Persson Kristin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAuxetics comprise a rare family of materials that manifest negative Poisson’s ratio, which causes an expansion instead of contraction under tension. Most known homogeneously auxetic materials are porous foams or artificial macrostructures and there are few examples of inorganic materials that exhibit this behavior as polycrystalline solids. It is now possible to accelerate the discovery of materials with target properties, such as auxetics, using high-throughput computations, open databases, and efficient search algorithms. Candidates exhibiting features correlating with auxetic behavior were chosen from the set of more than 67 000 materials in the Materials Project database. Poisson’s ratios were derived from the calculated elastic tensor of each material in this reduced set of compounds. We report that this strategy results in the prediction of three previously unidentified homogeneously auxetic materials as well as a number of compounds with a near-zero homogeneous Poisson’s ratio, which are here denoted “anepirretic materials”.
Layered van der Waals crystals with hyperbolic light dispersion
Authors: Gjerding M. N. , Petersen R. , Pedersen T. G. , Mortensen N. A. , Thygesen K. S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCompared to artificially structured hyperbolic metamaterials, whose performance is limited by the finite size of the metallic components, the sparse number of naturally hyperbolic materials recently discovered are promising candidates for the next generation of hyperbolic materials. Using first-principles calculations, we extend the number of known naturally hyperbolic materials to the broad class of layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). The diverse electronic properties of the transition metal dichalcogenides result in a large variation of the hyperbolic frequency regimes ranging from the near-infrared to the ultraviolet. Combined with the emerging field of van der Waals heterostructuring, we demonstrate how the hyperbolic properties can be further controlled by stacking different two-dimensional crystals opening new perspectives for atomic-scale design of photonic metamaterials. As an application, we identify candidates for Purcell factor control of emission from diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers.
The switching of strong spin wave beams in patterned garnet films
Authors: Gieniusz R. , Gruszecki P. , Krawczyk M. , Guzowska U. , Stognij A. , Maziewski A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe application of spin waves in communication with information encoded in amplitude and phase could replace or enhance existing microelectronic and microwave devices with significantly decreased energy consumption. Spin waves (SW) are usually transported in a magnetic material shaped to act as a waveguide. However, the implementation of SW transport and switching in plane homogeneous magnetic films and running as a narrow beam with a small divergence angle still present a challenge. We propose a realization of a strong SW switchers based on a patterned yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film that could serve as a magnonic fundamental building block. Our concept relies on the creation of a narrow beam of relatively short-wavelength SW by effect of a total non-reflection, found to be tied to refraction on the decreasing internal magnetic field, near a line of antidots at YIG. Nonreciprocal SW excitation by a microstrip antenna is used for controlling the direction of the signal flow. We demonstrate unique features of the propagation of microwave-excited SW beams, provide insight into their physics and discuss their potential applications in high-frequency devices.
Evaluating the Causal Relation of ApoA-IV with Disease-Related Traits - A Bidirectional Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Mack Salome , Coassin Stefan , Vaucher Julien , Kronenberg Florian , Lamina Claudia ,   ApoA-IV-GWAS Consortium, Rueedi Rico , Yousri Noha A. , Seppälä Ilkka , Gieger Christian , Schönherr Sebastian , Forer Lukas , Erhart Gertraud , Kollerits Barbara , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Müller-Nurasyid Martina , Waeber Gerard , Bergmann Sven , Dähnhardt Doreen , Stöckl Andrea , Kiechl Stefan , Raitakari Olli T. , Kähönen Mika , Willeit Johann , Kedenko Ludmilla , Paulweber Bernhard , Peters Annette , Meitinger Thomas , Strauch Konstantin , Lehtimäki Terho , Hunt Steven C. , Vollenweider Peter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractApolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) has been observed to be associated with lipids, kidney function, adiposity- and diabetes-related parameters. To assess the causal relationship of apoA-IV with these phenotypes, we conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using publicly available summary-level datasets from GWAS consortia on apoA-IV concentrations (n = 13,813), kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), n = 133,413), lipid traits (HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, n = 188,577), adiposity-related traits (body-mass-index (n = 322,206), waist-hip-ratio (n = 210,088)) and fasting glucose (n = 133,010). Main analyses consisted in inverse-variance weighted and multivariable MR, whereas MR-Egger regression and weighted median estimation were used as sensitivity analyses. We found that eGFR is likely to be causal on apoA-IV concentrations (53 SNPs; causal effect estimate per 1-SD increase in eGFR = −0.39; 95% CI = [−0.54, −0.24]; p-value = 2.4e-07). Triglyceride concentrations were also causally associated with apoA-IV concentrations (40 SNPs; causal effect estimate per 1-SD increase in triglycerides = −0.06; 95% CI = [−0.08, −0.04]; p-value = 4.8e-07), independently of HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations (causal effect estimate from multivariable MR = −0.06; 95% CI = [−0.10, −0.02]; p-value = 0.0014). Evaluating the inverse direction of causality revealed a possible causal association of apoA-IV on HDL-cholesterol (2 SNPs; causal effect estimate per one percent increase in apoA-IV = −0.40; 95% CI = [−0.60, −0.21]; p-value = 5.5e-05).
ROCK-1 mediates diabetes-induced retinal pigment epithelial and endothelial cell blebbing: Contribution to diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Rothschild Pierre-Raphaël , Salah Sawsen , Berdugo Marianne , Gélizé Emmanuelle , Delaunay Kimberley , Naud Marie-Christine , Klein Christophe , Moulin Alexandre , Savoldelli Michèle , Bergin Ciara , Jeanny Jean-Claude , Jonet Laurent , Arsenijevic Yvan , Behar-Cohen Francine , Crisanti Patricia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn diabetic retinopathy, the exact mechanisms leading to retinal capillary closure and to retinal barriers breakdown remain imperfectly understood. Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), an effector of the small GTPase Rho, involved in cytoskeleton dynamic regulation and cell polarity is activated by hyperglycemia. In one year-old Goto Kakizaki (GK) type 2 diabetic rats retina, ROCK-1 activation was assessed by its cellular distribution and by phosphorylation of its substrates, MYPT1 and MLC. In both GK rat and in human type 2 diabetic retinas, ROCK-1 is activated and associated with non-apoptotic membrane blebbing in retinal vessels and in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) that respectively form the inner and the outer barriers. Activation of ROCK-1 induces focal vascular constrictions, endoluminal blebbing and subsequent retinal hypoxia. In RPE cells, actin cytoskeleton remodeling and membrane blebs in RPE cells contributes to outer barrier breakdown. Intraocular injection of fasudil, significantly reduces both retinal hypoxia and RPE barrier breakdown. Diabetes-induced cell blebbing may contribute to ischemic maculopathy and represent an intervention target.
Evaluation of the safe use and dietary risk of beta-cypermethrin, pyriproxyfen, avermectin, diflubenzuron and chlorothalonil in button mushroom
Authors: Du Pengqiang , Wu Xiaohu , He Hairong , Zhang Ying , Xu Jun , Dong Fengshou , Zheng Yongquan , Liu Xingang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this study, the residues of beta-cypermethrin, pyriproxyfen, avermectin, diflubenzuron and chlorothalonil in button mushrooms were investigated. The dietary risks of ingesting button mushrooms that have had these pesticides applied by two different methods under normal plant conditions were evaluated. The dissipation of these pesticides into the soil was also studied. According to the maximum residue limits (MRLs) and acceptable daily intakes (ADIs), the final residues of beta-cypermethrin, pyriproxyfen, avermectin, diflubenzuron, and chlorothalonil were safe for human consumption after these pesticides were applied by spraying 2 times at the dosages of 900, 750, 540, 562.5, and 540 g a.i.ha−1. The dissipation experiment results demonstrated that these pesticides dissipated rapidly after spraying, and there were no residues that could be detected at harvest time when the pesticides were mixed with substrates. According to this work, the application methods of spraying and incorporation with these pesticides at 1 and 1.5 times of the recommended dosage are safe and proper in cultivating button mushrooms.
Green Brönsted acid ionic liquids as novel corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in acidic medium
Authors: Cao Shuyun , Liu Dan , Zhang Peng , Yang Lixia , Yang Peng , Lu Hui , Gui Jianzhou 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNew ionic liquids with multiple Brönsted acid sites were synthesized in ≥98% yield, and their inhibiting properties for the corrosion of carbon steel in 0.5 M HCl solution had been evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss method, finally the possible inhibiting mechanism was proposed according to UV–visible spectroscopic measurements and surface analysis including SEM and XPS techniques. The designed cation structure of Brönsted acid ionic liquids (BAILs), with one phenyl and two imidazolium rings, makes them good mixed-type inhibitors via the adsorption of BAILs on the steel surface to suppress both anodic and cathodic processes, obeying Langmuir adsorption isotherm. As potential acid catalysts, BAILs show nice corrosion inhibiting performance in acidic medium regardless of their Brönsted acidity, which is of great significance to enlarge the industry applications of BAILs.
Identification of bacterial biofilm and the Staphylococcus aureus derived protease, staphopain, on the skin surface of patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Sonesson Andreas , Przybyszewska Kornelia , Eriksson Sigrid , Mörgelin Matthias , Kjellström Sven , Davies Julia , Potempa Jan , Schmidtchen Artur 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by an impaired epidermal barrier, dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity, and a high susceptibility to bacterial colonization and infection. In the present study, bacterial biofilm was visualized by electron microscopy at the surface of AD skin. Correspondingly,Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) isolates from lesional skin of patients with AD, produced a substantial amount of biofilmin vitro.S.aureusbiofilms showed less susceptibility to killing by the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 when compared with results obtained using planktonic cells. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that LL-37 binds to theS.aureusbiofilms. Immuno-gold staining ofS.aureusbiofilm of AD skin detected theS.aureusderived protease staphopain adjacent to the bacteria.In vitro, staphopain B degraded LL-37 into shorter peptide fragments. Further, LL-37 significantly inhibitedS.aureusbiofilm formation, but no such effects were observed for the degradation products. The data presented here provide novel information on staphopains present inS.aureusbiofilmsin vivo, and illustrate the complex interplay between biofilm and LL-37 in skin of AD patients, possibly leading to a disturbed host defense, which facilitates bacterial persistence.
Combining ε-Near-Zero Behavior and Stopped Light Energy Bands for Ultra-Low Reflection and Reduced Dispersion of Slow Light
Authors: Bello Frank , Page A. Freddie , Pusch Andreas , Hamm Joachim M. , Donegan John F. , Hess Ortwin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe investigate media which exhibits epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) behavior while simultaneously sustaining stopped light energy bands which contain multiple points of zero group velocity (ZGV). This allows the merging of state-of-the-art phenomena that was hitherto attainable in media that demonstrated these traits separately. Specifically, we demonstrate the existence of Ferrell-Berreman (FB) modes within frequency bands bounded by points of ZGV with the goal to improve the coupling efficiency and localization of light in the media. The FB mode is formed within a double layer, thin-film stack where at subwavelength thicknesses the structure exhibits a very low reflection due to ENZ behavior. In addition, the structure is engineered to promote a flattened frequency dispersion with a negative permittivity able to induce multiple points of ZGV. For proof-of-concept, we propose an oxide-semiconductor-oxide-insulator stack and discuss the useful optical properties that arise from combining both phenomena. A transfer matrix (TM) treatment is used to derive the reflectivity profile and dispersion curves. Results show the ability to reduce reflection below 0.05% in accordance with recent experimental data while simultaneously exciting a polariton mode exhibiting both reduced group velocity and group velocity dispersion (GVD).
Directly monitor protein rearrangement on a nanosecond-to-millisecond time-scale
Authors: Chen Eric H.-L. , Lu Tony T.-Y. , Hsu Jack C.-C. , Tseng Yufeng Jane , Lim T.-S. , Chen Rita P.-Y. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn order to directly observe the refolding kinetics from a partially misfolded state to a native state in the bottom of the protein-folding funnel, we used a “caging” strategy to trap the β-sheet structure of ubiquitin in a misfolded conformation. We used molecular dynamics simulation to generate the cage-induced, misfolded structure and compared the structure of the misfolded ubiquitin with native ubiquitin. Using laser flash irradiation, the cage can be cleaved from the misfolded structure within one nanosecond, and we monitored the refolding kinetics of ubiquitin from this misfolded state to the native state by photoacoustic calorimetry and photothermal beam deflection techniques on nanosecond to millisecond timescales. Our results showed two refolding events in this refolding process. The fast event is shorter than 20 ns and corresponds to the instant collapse of ubiquitin upon cage release initiated by laser irradiation. The slow event is ~60 μs, derived from a structural rearrangement in β-sheet refolding. The event lasts 10 times longer than the timescale of β-hairpin formation for short peptides as monitored by temperature jump, suggesting that rearrangement of a β-sheet structure from a misfolded state to its native state requires more time than ab initio folding of a β-sheet.
Hybrid Nitric Oxide Donor and its Carrier for the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases
Authors: Le Duong Q. , Kuriakose Aneetta E. , Nguyen Dat X. , Nguyen Kytai T. , Acharya Suchismita 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) has been known to promote physiological angiogenesis to treat peripheral arterial diseases (PAD) by increasing the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in endothelial cells (ECs) and preventing platelet adherence and leukocyte chemotaxis. However, the ongoing ischemic event during peripheral ischemia produces superoxide and diminishes the NO bioavailability by forming toxic peroxynitrite anion. Here we disclose an efficacious hybrid molecule 4-(5-Amino-1,2,3-oxadiazol-3-yl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinol (SA-2) containing both antioxidant and NO donor functionalities that provide a therapeutic level of NO necessary to promote angiogenesis and to protect ECs against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Compound SA-2 scavenged reactive oxygen species, inhibited proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and promoted the tube formation from ECs. Copolymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with SA-2 provided a sustained release of NO over days, improved aqueous stability in serum, protected ECs against oxidative stress, and enhanced angiogenesis under stress conditions as compared to that of the control in the in vitro matrigel tube formation assay. These results indicated the potential use of SA-2 nanoparticles as an alternative therapy to treat PAD.
Cherenkov Radiation Control via Self-accelerating Wave-packets
Authors: Hu Yi , Li Zhili , Wetzel Benjamin , Morandotti Roberto , Chen Zhigang , Xu Jingjun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCherenkov radiation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature. It describes electromagnetic radiation from a charged particle moving in a medium with a uniform velocity larger than the phase velocity of light in the same medium. Such a picture is typically adopted in the investigation of traditional Cherenkov radiation as well as its counterparts in different branches of physics, including nonlinear optics, spintronics and plasmonics. In these cases, the radiation emitted spreads along a “cone”, making it impractical for most applications. Here, we employ a self-accelerating optical pump wave-packet to demonstrate controlled shaping of one type of generalized Cherenkov radiation - dispersive waves in optical fibers. We show that, by tuning the parameters of the wave-packet, the emitted waves can be judiciously compressed and focused at desired locations, paving the way to such control in any physical system.
Effects of emotional valence on sense of agency require a predictive model
Authors: Yoshie Michiko , Haggard Patrick 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSense of agency (SoA), a feeling that one’s voluntary actions produce events in the external world, is a key factor behind every goal-directed human behaviour. Recent studies have demonstrated that SoA is reduced when one’s voluntary action causes negative outcomes, compared to when it causes positive outcomes. It is yet unclear whether this emotional modulation of SoA is caused by predicting the outcome valence (prediction hypothesis) or by retrospectively interpreting the outcome (postdiction hypothesis). To address this, we emulated a social situation where one’s voluntary action was followed by either another’s negative emotional vocalisation or positive emotional vocalisation. Crucially, the relation between an action and the emotional valence of its outcome was predictable in some blocks of trials, but unpredictable in other blocks. Quantitative, implicit measures of SoA based on the intentional binding effect supported the prediction hypothesis. Our findings imply that the social-emotional modulation of SoA is based on predicting the emotional valence of action outcomes.
Navigability of Random Geometric Graphs in the Universe and Other Spacetimes
Authors: Cunningham William , Zuev Konstantin , Krioukov Dmitri 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRandom geometric graphs in hyperbolic spaces explain many common structural and dynamical properties of real networks, yet they fail to predict the correct values of the exponents of power-law degree distributions observed in real networks. In that respect, random geometric graphs in asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes, such as the Lorentzian spacetime of our accelerating universe, are more attractive as their predictions are more consistent with observations in real networks. Yet another important property of hyperbolic graphs is their navigability, and it remains unclear if de Sitter graphs are as navigable as hyperbolic ones. Here we study the navigability of random geometric graphs in three Lorentzian manifolds corresponding to universes filled only with dark energy (de Sitter spacetime), only with matter, and with a mixture of dark energy and matter. We find these graphs are navigable only in the manifolds with dark energy. This result implies that, in terms of navigability, random geometric graphs in asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes are as good as random hyperbolic graphs. It also establishes a connection between the presence of dark energy and navigability of the discretized causal structure of spacetime, which provides a basis for a different approach to the dark energy problem in cosmology.