bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refusing to take part in euthanasia
Authors: Magalhães‐Sant'Ana Manuel 
Published: May 2016

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved.In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, ‘Refusing to take part in euthanasia’, was submitted and is discussed by Manuel Magalhães‐Sant'Ana. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue. Discussion of the dilemma ‘Too feral to save?’, which was published in the April issue of In Practice, appears on page 254.The series is being coordinated by Steven McCulloch, a practising vet with a PhD in the ethics of veterinary policy. It is hoped it will provide a framework that will help practitioners find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
Effect of soy on faecal dry matter content and excretion of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in pigs
Authors: Grahofer Alexander , Overesch Gudrun , Nathues Heiko , Zeeh Friederike 
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a soy diet on the excretion of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in five farms with subclinically infected pigs. The effects on general health, faecal consistency and dry matter were analysed. In total, 200 pigs of different ages (group 1 <100 days of age (n=120) and group 2 ≥100 days (n=80)) were randomly assigned to the control (C) and the treatment (T) groups. Group C received the farm's standard diet. In group T half of the daily feed ration was replaced by pure soy on two consecutive days. Faecal scores were used to determine faecal consistency and a microwave method to assess faecal dry matter content (FDMC). In age group 1, soy feeding resulted in a statistically significant decrease of the FDMC of 2.5 per cent compared with group C and in age group 2 in a significant increase of 2.2 per cent compared with group C at day 2. Overall seven (T: 5, C: 2) out of 597 faecal samples tested positive for B hyodysenteriae by PCR.In conclusion, a high soy diet applied over two days influenced the faecal consistency and the FDMC in growers, finishers and sows under field conditions. Further investigations with more sensitive diagnostic methods are needed to prove a potential influence of a high soy diet on the detection rate of B hyodysenteriae in subclinically infected herds.
ICOS Promotes the Function of CD4+ Effector T Cells during Anti-OX40–Mediated Tumor Rejection
Authors: Metzger Todd C. , Long Hua , Potluri Shobha , Pertel Thomas , Bailey-Bucktrout Samantha L. , Lin John C. , Fu Tihui , Sharma Padmanee , Allison James P. , Feldman Reid M.R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
ICOS is a T-cell coregulatory receptor that provides a costimulatory signal to T cells during antigen-mediated activation. Antitumor immunity can be improved by ICOS-targeting therapies, but their mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we define the role of ICOS signaling in antitumor immunity using a blocking, nondepleting antibody against ICOS ligand (ICOS-L). ICOS signaling provided critical support for the effector function of CD4+ Foxp3− T cells during anti-OX40–driven tumor immune responses. By itself, ICOS-L blockade reduced accumulation of intratumoral T regulatory cells (Treg), but it was insufficient to substantially inhibit tumor growth. Furthermore, it did not impede antitumor responses mediated by anti-4-1BB–driven CD8+ T cells. We found that anti-OX40 efficacy, which is based on Treg depletion and to a large degree on CD4+ effector T cell (Teff) responses, was impaired with ICOS-L blockade. In contrast, the provision of additional ICOS signaling through direct ICOS-L expression by tumor cells enhanced tumor rejection and survival when administered along with anti-OX40 therapy. Taken together, our results showed that ICOS signaling during antitumor responses acts on both Teff and Treg cells, which have opposing roles in promoting immune activation. Thus, effective therapies targeting the ICOS pathway should seek to promote ICOS signaling specifically in effector CD4+ T cells by combining ICOS agonism and Treg depletion. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3684–9. ©2016 AACR.
ВИПАДОК ДОНОШЕНОЇ ВАГІТНОСТІ У ВАГІТНОЇ З ВЕЛИЧЕЗНОЮ ЛЕЙОМІОМОЮ МАТКИ , ПРООПЕРОВАНОЮ ПІД ЧАС ДАНОЇ ВАГІТНОСТІ.
Authors: Markin L. B. , Fartushok T. V. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Жінки, у яких вагітність перебігає на фоні лейоміоми матки, становлять групу високого ризику по виникненню акушерських та перинатальних ускладнень, у зв’язку з чим у найбільш небезпечні терміни вагітності рекомендується госпіталізація у спеціалізований акушерський стаціонар. Доцільно виключити тактику пасивного спостереження за жінками дітородного віку з лейоміомою матки. У жінок дітородного віку з лейоміомою матки рекомендується<br />проводити органозберігаючі операції в об’ємі лейоміомектомії з метою збереження репродуктивної функції жінки.</p>
ДІАГНОСТИЧНА ІНФОРМАТИВНІСТЬ ПОКАЗНИКА рН ПІХВОВОГО ВМІСТУ У ХВОРИХ НА ВАГІНАЛЬНІ ІНФЕКЦІЇ.
Authors: Nahornа V. F. , Moskalenko T. Ya. , Hrytsenko A. A. 
Published: May 2016

<p>На підставі обстеження (цитологічний, рН-метрія піхвового вмісту, бактеріологічний, ДНК-технології, ІФА рівня естрогенів) 30 жінок віком 23–42 років виявлено високий кореляційний зв’язок між показником рН піхвового секрету, рівнем естрадіолу та кількістю лактобактерій у піхвовому біотопі, низьку інформативність показника кількості лейкоцитів у піхвовому мазку.</p>
КОРЕКЦІЯ ПОРУШЕНЬ ВЕГЕТАТИВНОГО ГОМЕОСТАЗУ В ЖІНОК ФЕРТИЛЬНОГО ВІКУ ЗІ ЗМІНАМИ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я.
Authors: Podolskyi V. V. 
Published: May 2016

<p> Стан репродуктивного здоров’я жінок залишається важливою проблемою. Серед багатьох змін репродуктивного здоров’я в сучасних умовах набувають особливого значення артифіційні аборти, безпліддя та доброякісні пухлини матки – лейоміома матки. Серед чинників, які впливають на стан репродуктивного здоров’я жінок, соматичні захворювання мають<br />особливе значення. За даними офіційної статистики та проведених наукових досліджень, найбільшого поширення набувають соматоформні захворювання, що супроводжуються порушенням вегетативного гомеостазу. Саме тому лікування порушень вегетативного гомеостазу в жінок зі змінами репродуктивного здоров’я набуває особливого значення. Лікувальні заходи для жінок зі змінами репродуктивного здоров’я складались із наступних дій, які виконувались паралельно, а саме: проводилась корекція порушень вегетативного гомеостазу, лікування змін репродуктивного здоров’я, покращення психоемоційного стану і зниження стресорних навантажень. Лікування порушень вегетативного гомеостазу в жінок фертильного віку зі змінами репродуктивного здоров’я потребує пильної уваги лікарів акушерів-гінекологів, терапевтів, а в декотрих випадках – психологів та неврологів.<br />Запропонована комплексна терапія, що включає фітопрепарати, антигомотоксичні препарати, мікроелементи, препарати, що покращують мікроциркуляцію та стан вегетативної нервової системи, а також сихотерапію (музикотерапія, арттерапія), аеройонофітотерапія в поєднанні з голкорефлексотерапією показали позитивний лікувальний ефект на нормалізацію вегетативного гомеостазу, що підтверджено кардіоінтервалографічними дослідженнями та клінічним ефектом.<br /><br /></p>
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ЛІКУВАННЯ КЛІМАКТЕРИЧНОГО СИНДРОМУ І АРТРОПАТІЙ.
Authors: Franchuk O. A. , Franchuk M. O. , Kumpanenko V. A. , Kumpanenko O. O. 
Published: May 2016

<p>У статті наведені дані про перебіг КС із проявами артропатій у 30 жінок менопаузального періоду. При дослідженні встановлено підвищення рівня гіпофізарних гормонів ФСГ і ЛГ та зменшення яєчникового гормону естрадіолу. Рентгенологічне та УЗД обстеження великих суглобів<br />показали наявність у них відповідних змін. Застосування для лікування КС і артропатій фітоестрогену «Лайфемін» та хон-<br />дропротектора «Глюкозамін сульфат» у 85,0 % випадків приводило до зменшення проявів КС і артропатій.<br /><br /></p>
СУЧАСНІ ІННОВАЦІЇ У ВІННИЦЬКОМУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ ІМ. М. І. ПИРОГОВА ТА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ЗАКОНУ УКРАЇНИ “ПРО ВИЩУ ОСВІТУ”
Authors: Moroz V. M. , Huminskyi Yu. Y. , Fomina L. V. , Polesya T. L. 
Published: May 2016

<p class="1reziume">На сучасному етапі відбувається інтеграція вищої освіти України в Європейський освітній простір. Затверджений Закон України “<span class="a">Про вищу освіту</span>” від 01.07.2014 р. передбачає впровадження сучасних європейських інноваційних технологій функціонування системи вищої освіти (принцип автономії вищих навчальних закладів, поєднання освіти з наукою, запровадження власних програм освітньої, наукової, науково-технічної та інноваційної діяльності та ін.). У ВНМУ ім. М. І. Пирогова згідно із Законом України “Про вищу освіту” реалізуються сучасні інноваційні технології організації навчального процесу – впроваджено Європейську кредитно-трансферну систему (ЄКТС), опанування навичок роботи з програмою “СКІФ”, Навчально-тренінговий центр практичної підготовки лікарів, елективний курс “Спортивні секції”, розроблена навчальна наскрізна програма “Фізична та психологічна реабілітація”. </p>
ІСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНІ ХРОНОТОПИ ЯК АСПЕКТ ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПІЗНАВАЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПРИ ПІДГОТОВЦІ СТУДЕНТІВ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ
Authors: Afanasenko O. V. 
Published: May 2016

<p>У статті висвітлено пошук інноваційних підходів до оновлення комплексу фармацевтичних наук та вибору оптимальних технологій відродження, який можливий за умов забезпечення сучасних методологічних засад у навчально-виховному процесі вищих медичних закладів. </p>
Rebel Diplomacy in Civil War
Authors: Huang Reyko 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In the midst of civil war, rebel groups often expend significant resources opening offices in foreign capitals, meeting with heads of state, expanding their overseas networks, appealing to international organizations, and contacting foreign media. Existing scholarship has generally neglected international diplomacy as an aspect of violent rebellion, focusing instead on rebel efforts at domestic organization. A systematic documentation of rebel diplomacy in post–1950 civil wars using new quantitative and qualitative data shows that rebel diplomacy is commonplace and that many groups demonstrate as much concern for overseas political campaigns as they do for domestic and local mobilization. Diplomacy, furthermore, is not a weapon of the militarily weak, but a tactical choice for rebel groups seeking political capital within an international system that places formidable barriers to entry on nonstate entities. An original analysis of the diplomacy of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola in the Angolan civil war using archival sources further demonstrates why rebels may become active diplomats in one phase of a conflict but eschew diplomacy in another. More broadly, the international relations of rebel groups promise to be an important new research agenda in understanding violent politics.
Dr. Yanai’s Contributions to the Discovery and Science of the MJO
Authors: Maloney Eric D. , Zhang Chidong 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This chapter reviews Professor Michio Yanai’s contributions to the discovery and science of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). Professor Yanai’s work on equatorial waves played an inspirational role in the MJO discovery by Roland Madden and Paul Julian. Professor Yanai also made direct and important contributions to MJO research. These research contributions include work on the vertically integrated moist static energy budget, cumulus momentum transport, eddy available potential energy and eddy kinetic energy budgets, and tropical–extratropical interactions. Finally, Professor Yanai left a legacy through his students, who continue to push the bounds of MJO research.
Reduction of Climate Sensitivity to Solar Forcing due to Stratospheric Ozone Feedback
Authors: Chiodo G. , Polvani L. M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
An accurate assessment of the role of solar variability is a key step toward a proper quantification of natural and anthropogenic climate change. To this end, climate models have been extensively used to quantify the solar contribution to climate variability. However, owing to the large computational cost, the bulk of modeling studies to date have been performed without interactive stratospheric photochemistry: the impact of this simplification on the modeled climate system response to solar forcing remains largely unknown. Here this impact is quantified by comparing the response of two model configurations, with and without interactive ozone chemistry. Using long integrations, robust surface temperature and precipitation responses to an idealized irradiance increase are obtained. Then, it is shown that the inclusion of interactive stratospheric chemistry significantly reduces the surface warming (by about one-third) and the accompanying precipitation response. This behavior is linked to photochemically induced stratospheric ozone changes, and their modulation of the surface solar radiation. The results herein suggest that neglecting stratospheric photochemistry leads to a sizable overestimate of the surface response to changes in solar irradiance. This has implications for simulations of the climate in the last millennium and geoengineering applications employing irradiance changes larger than those observed over the 11-yr sunspot cycle, where models often use simplified treatments of stratospheric ozone that are inconsistent with the imposed solar forcing.
A Comparison of Two Ensemble Generation Methods Using Oceanic Singular Vectors and Atmospheric Lagged Initialization for Decadal Climate Prediction
Authors: Marini Camille , Polkova Iuliia , Köhl Armin , Stammer Detlef 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe sensitivity of ensemble spread and forecast skill scores of decadal predictions to details of the ensemble generation is investigated by incorporating uncertainties of ocean initial conditions using ocean singular-vector-based (OSV) perturbations. Results are compared to a traditional atmospheric lagged initialization (ALI) method. Both sets of experiments are performed using the coupled MPI-ESM model initialized from the GECCO2 ocean synthesis. The OSVs are calculated from a linear inverse model based on a historical MPI-ESM run. During the first three lead years, the sea surface temperature spread from ALI hindcasts appears to be strongly underestimated, while OSV hindcasts show a more realistic spread. However, for later lead times (the second pentad of hindcasts), the spread becomes overestimated for large areas of the ocean in both ensembles. Yet, for integrated measures such as the North Atlantic SST and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, the spread of OSV hindcasts is overestimated at initial time and reduces over time. The spread reliability measures are shown to be sensitive to the choice of the verification dataset. In this context, it is found that HadISST tends to underestimate the variability of SST as compared to Reynolds SST and satellite observations. In terms of forecast skill for surface air temperature, SST, and ocean heat content, OSV hindcasts show improvement over ALI hindcasts over the North Atlantic Ocean up to lead year 5.
Self-efficacy and pain acceptance as mediators of the relationship between pain and performance of valued life activities in women and men with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ahlstrand Inger , Vaz Sharmila , Falkmer Torbjörn , Thyberg Ingrid , Björk Mathilda 
Published: May 2016

Objective: To study whether personal factors (self-efficacy and pain acceptance) mediate the relationship between pain and performance of valued life activities in persons with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Persons with rheumatoid arthritis for at least four years ( n = 737; 73% women) answered a questionnaire measuring self-efficacy, pain acceptance, performance of valued life activities, and self-rated pain. Relationships among these constructs were explored using univariate and multivariate analyses. Structural equation modelling was then used to examine the mediational role of personal factors on the relationship between pain and performance of valued life activities. Results: A direct negative association between pain and performance of valued life activities was identified ( Beta = .34, P < .001). This suggests that people with rheumatoid arthritis who had higher levels of pain has increased difficulties in performing valued life activities. Self-efficacy and activity engagement component of pain acceptance mediated the relationship between pain and performance of valued life activities, however the pain willingness component of pain acceptance did not influence participation in valued life activities. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of considering personal factors, such as pain acceptance and self-efficacy, in facilitating participation in valued life activities.
Hypoxic mechanisms in primary headaches
Authors: Britze Josefine , Arngrim Nanna , Schytz Henrik Winther , Ashina Messoud 
Published: May 2016

Background Hypoxia causes secondary headaches such as high-altitude headache (HAH) and headache due to acute mountain sickness. These secondary headaches mimic primary headaches such as migraine, which suggests a common link. We review and discuss the possible role of hypoxia in migraine and cluster headache. Methods This narrative review investigates the current level of knowledge on the relation of hypoxia in migraine and cluster headache based on epidemiological and experimental studies. Findings Epidemiological studies suggest that living in high-altitude areas increases the risk of migraine and especially migraine with aura. Human provocation models show that hypoxia provokes migraine with and without aura, whereas cluster headache has not been reliably induced by hypoxia. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms include hypoxia-induced release of nitric oxide and calcitonin gene-related peptide, cortical spreading depression and leakage of the blood-brain barrier. Conclusion There is a possible link between hypoxia and migraine and maybe cluster headache, but the exact mechanism is currently unknown. Provocation models of hypoxia have yielded interesting results suggesting a novel approach to study in depth the mechanism underlying hypoxia and primary headaches.
Experiences From a Combined Dermatology and Rheumatology Clinic
Authors: Samycia Michael , McCourt Collette , Shojania Kam , Au Sheila 
Published: May 2016

Background: The Dermatology and Rheumatology Treatment Clinic is a novel multidisciplinary clinic where patients are concomitantly assessed by a rheumatologist and dermatologist. Objectives: To determine the number of patients seen in clinic, patient demographics, and most common diagnoses. Method: A retrospective review was performed over a 2-year period. Data collected included patient age, sex, dermatologic diagnosis, rheumatologic diagnosis, biopsies performed, and number of follow-up visits. Results: A total of 320 patients were seen (78% female, 22% male). The most common rheumatologic diagnoses were systemic lupus erythematosus (18%), rheumatoid arthritis (15%), psoriatic arthritis (13%), and undifferentiated connective tissue disease (8%). The most common dermatologic diagnoses were dermatitis (17%), psoriasis (11%), cutaneous lupus (7%), various types of alopecia (6%), and infections (5%). Conclusions: Skin diagnoses were often unrelated to the underlying rheumatologic diagnosis. Rheumatologists and dermatologists can both benefit from being aware of the dermatologic conditions that rheumatologic patients are experiencing.
User Evaluation of Neonatology Ward Design
Authors: Trujillo Juan Luis Higuera , Aviñó Antoni Montañana i , Millán Carmen Llinares 
Published: May 2016

Objective: The object of this article is to identify the set of affective and emotional factors behind users’ assessments of a space in a neonatology unit and to propose design guidelines based on these. Background: The importance of the neonatology service and the variety of users place great demands on the space at all levels. Despite the repercussions, the emotional aspects of the environment have received less attention. Methods: To avoid incurring limitations in the user mental scheme, this study uses two complementary methodologies: focus group and semantic differential. The (qualitative) focus group methodology provides exploratory information and concepts. The (quantitative) semantic differential methodology then uses these concepts to extract the conceptual structures that users employ in their assessment of the space. Of the total 175 subjects, 31 took part in focus groups and 144 in semantic differential. Results: Five independent concepts were identified: privacy, functionality and professional nature, spaciousness, lighting, and cleanliness. In relation to the importance of the overall positive assessment of the space, the perception of privacy and sensations of dominance and pleasure are fundamental. Six relevant design aspects were also identified: provide spacious surroundings, facilitate sufficient separation between the different posts or cots, use different colors from those usually found in health-care centers, as some aversion was found to white and especially green, design areas with childhood themes, use warm artificial light, and choose user-friendly equipment. Conclusions: Results provide design recommendations of interest and show the possibilities offered by combining both systems to analyze user response.
Retrograde migration and subcutaneous coiling of the peritoneal catheter of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a cat
Authors: Bennett Sinead E , Behr Sebastien 
Published: May 2016

Case summary Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement is the most commonly utilised surgical treatment for hydrocephalus in human and veterinary patients. Migration of the peritoneal catheter is an uncommon but well-documented complication in people, usually occurring within the first 3 months postoperatively, although only a single feline case report exists. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed in a domestic shorthair cat, aged 4 years and 10 months, following a diagnosis, with MRI, of unilateral, non-communicating hydrocephalus. Diarrhoea, increased vocalisation and pruritus were reported within the first 3 months postoperatively. A shunt-associated seroma developed, which was aspirated under ultrasound guidance. Within 3 days, the entire peritoneal catheter was subcutaneously coiled at the level of the seroma. The peritoneal catheter was replaced within the abdomen via a new subcutaneous tunnel. No further complications had occurred 24 months following revision surgery. Relevance and novel information This is the second report describing peritoneal catheter migration in a cat. Repetitive head and neck movements during self-grooming, raised intra-abdominal pressure secondary to vocalisation and tenesmus, and negative pressure exerted during seroma aspiration may have contributed to ventriculoperitoneal shunt migration. Excessive loose skin and increased activity may further increase the risk of migration in cats. Diagnostic imaging should be offered prior to and following aspiration of shunt-associated swellings, and minimal negative pressure should be exerted. Attempts to reduce the frequency of postoperative self-grooming, prevention and prompt treatment of conditions predisposing to raised intra-abdominal pressure and moderate exercise restriction, particularly within the first 3 months, may help reduce the risk of peritoneal catheter migration.