bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Actual and Ideal Sexual Self Concept in the Context of Genital Pain Using Implicit and Explicit Measures
Authors: Dewitte Marieke , De Schryver Maarten , Heider Niclas , De Houwer Jan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background
The experience of pain during sexual intercourse generates significant distress and sexual impairments, which is likely to affect sexual identity and become a threat to the sense of self.

Aim
To explore the role of the concept of the sexual self in the context of genital pain by measuring different states of self (ie, actual vs ideal) at different levels of responding (ie, explicit vs implicit) and examine their associations with sexual, emotional, and pain-related variables.

Methods and Main Outcomes
Thirty young women who identified with genital pain and 29 women without pain completed (i) two versions of the Relational Responding Task as a measurement of implicit actual and ideal sexual self; (ii) explicit ratings of the actual and the ideal sexual self; and (iii) measurements of sexual self-esteem, global self-esteem, depression, sexual satisfaction, sexual distress or depression, sexual frequency, and pain experiences.

Results
Women with genital pain scored lower on the explicit and implicit actual-self measurements than women without pain but did not differ in their ideal self. Furthermore, the pain group reported higher ideal- than actual-self scores at the explicit level. Actual- and ideal-self measurements had differential effects on sexual, emotional, and behavioral outcome variables. In general, rating the ideal self higher than the actual self was related to more negative outcomes. Pain-related variables were predicted only by the implicit measurements, showing that the high pain group reported more pain, fear of pain, and a stronger tendency to continue with sex despite the pain when perceiving themselves as sexually less competent and when this perception did not match their ideal self.

Clinical Implications
Therapeutic interventions might benefit from discussing women's internal guides for self, decreasing potential discrepancies, and developing identity-related motivational treatments that target the emotional discomfort and maladaptive behavioral strategies that result from trying to conform with their guides of self. Setting idealistically high sexual standards, feeling pressure to perform as a sexual partner, and fearing to be sexually unqualified could be key factors in developing, maintaining, and exacerbating sexual dysfunctions.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the first study to systematically examine different components of the concept of the sexual self in the context of genital pain. Despite the small sample and the use of a non-clinical group of women, we found a theoretically and clinically interesting pattern of results.

Conclusions
Differentiating between different components of the sexual self is relevant to explain sexual, emotional, and pain-related responses.
Rasgos de personalidad en alumnos de reciente ingreso a la carrera de medicina
Authors: Torres Valenzuela Alejandro , Velázquez Hernández Gloria Yolanda , Martínez Luna Ariam Andrea , García García Jonatan , Gómez Rodríguez Magaly , Jasso Jiménez Luis Alejandro , Ortiz Valdivia Dulcelina 
Published: April 2017

Introducción: La personalidad se refiere a características dinámicas de la persona que son un patrón de sentimientos, emociones y pensamientos ligados al comportamiento a lo largo del tiempo frente a situaciones diversas, dando independencia y diferencia al individuo, marcando una identidad y por ende distinguirlo de los demás. Conocer los rasgos de personalidad en alumnos de medicina permitirá planear acciones pedagógicas que favorezcan la formación de un mejor médico.
Objetivo: Identificar, para los alumnos de reciente ingreso a la carrera de medicina, atributos que describan las diferencias individuales, ordenar sus rasgos y clasificarlos en dimensiones básicas a través del cuestionario de 16 factores de personalidad de Cattell.
Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de encuesta transversal en alumnos de reciente ingreso a la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, en el que se utilizó el cuestionario de 16 factores de personalidad de Cattel.
Resultados: Se estudiaron 163 alumnos, con una edad de 19.4±0.95 a˜nos; el 58.3% fueron del género femenino. En orden decreciente, los valores más altos fueron: I (sensibilidad), F (impetuosidad), Q4 (tensión), Q2 (individualismo) y B (solución de problemas), mientras que los que tuvieron valores menores (media menos desviación estándar), en orden de menor a mayor, fueron: Q1 (rebeldía), N (diplomacia), M (imaginación), O (seguridad), G (responsabilidad) y C (estabilidad emocional).
Conclusiones: El perfil encontrado en los alumnos de medicina es que son conservadores, ingenuos, tensos, despreocupados y sensibles, mientras que son muy poco escrupulosos, imaginativos, realistas y experimentadores; en especial estos puntos son oportunidades de generar estrategias educativas que favorezcan su desarrollo.
INTRODUCTION TO THE PEKING UNIVERSITY HAN BAMBOO STRIPS: ON THE AUTHENTICATION AND STUDY OF PURCHASED MANUSCRIPTS
Authors: Foster Christopher J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOver the past two decades, remarkable collections of Warring States, Qin, and Han manuscripts have been purchased on the behalf of major academic institutions in China. This article introduces one of the latest acquisitions, the Han bamboo strips donated to Peking University in January 2009. Although the Peking University Han strips offer exciting new materials that promise to significantly advance the study of early China, research on them has been encumbered by the fact that they were not archaeologically excavated. This has invited concerns not only over the manuscripts’ authenticity, but also about the role our scholarship plays in fostering a market for looted artifacts. The article reviews current debates over the authentication of purchased bamboo strips, and discusses how the Peking University Han manuscripts were authenticated in particular. A refutation is given to recent arguments that the Peking UniversityLaoziis a forgery. A methodology is then proposed to positively authenticate purchased manuscripts, taking the Peking UniversityCang Jie pianas a case study and establishing its antiquity. The article concludes by addressing the professional ethics of scholars working with looted manuscripts, giving voice to the “rescue archaeology” position largely adopted in Chinese scholarship.
Confucian Humanitarian Intervention? Toward Democratic Theory
Authors: Kim Sungmoon 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIt is widely claimed that Mencius's account of punitive expedition can be understood as a Confucian justification of humanitarian intervention and thus has the potential to play the role of constraining China's imperial ventures abroad. This paper challenges this optimism, by drawing attention to internal and external obstacles—the problem of virtue's self-indulgence and the problem of justification to non-Confucians—that prevent Mencius's virtue-based political theory of punitive expedition from developing into a modern theory of humanitarian intervention. It argues that for the Mencian theory to be relevant in the modern world marked most notably by moral pluralism, it must be transformed into a democratic theory, at the center of which is the stipulation that humanitarian intervention be morally justified internally, that is, to the people of the intervening state, as well as externally, first to the people to be intervened state, and second to international society.
Making meaning around experiences in interventions: identifying meaningfulness in a group-based occupational therapy intervention targeting older people
Authors: NILSSON INGEBORG , LUNDGREN ANNA SOFIA 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThere is a need to understand the underlying mechanisms at work within health promotion and occupational therapy interventions. The aim of this article was, therefore, to explore and describe how the participants of a group-based occupational therapy intervention with positive health outcomes created meaning of and around their experiences of the intervention. The studied intervention was part of the evaluation of a single-blinded, exploratory randomised controlled trial of three different interventions. A total of 19 participants between 77 and 82 years of age with experiences from the group-based intervention were interviewed, and the transcribed interviews were analysed from a constructivist approach. The results showed five different perspectives of meaning, including enjoyment, usefulness, togetherness, respect for individuality and self-reflection. Based on our findings, we argue that the possibility of getting information, sharing with others and having fun, and the ability to adjust the activities in the intervention so that they met the individual's needs, created meaning for the participants. Moreover, meeting with others supported the participants’ perspectives of themselves. The results are discussed in relation to the pervasive discourse of successful ageing, including how it was present but also challenged within the participants’ accounts of the intervention.
Older workers and employer-provided training in the Netherlands: a vignette study
Authors: FLEISCHMANN MARIA , KOSTER FERRY 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTOlder workers throughout Europe are increasingly expected to participate longer in the labour market. While training appears to increase workers’ employability, prior research indicates that employers are less prone to provide training with increasing age of the workers. In this study, we aim to provide a better understanding of what affects employers’ considerations. We conduct a vignette experiment among Dutch employers to investigate how the government and workers themselves can exert influence on employers’ willingness to provide training. Our analyses show that employers’ provision of training declines with workers’ age, and additionally reveal two mitigating mechanisms. First, government reimbursements appear to work as a buffer: when reimbursements are offered, the decline in employers’ willingness to offer training is less pronounced throughout workers’ careers. Second, workers’ interest in training has a delaying effect: when workers are interested in training, employers’ willingness to provide training remains rather stable until workers are aged about 55, and decreases only afterwards. This contrasts the constant decline with age when workers had no interest in training. Our findings emphasise that employers’ considerations cannot be understood without taking the context into account, because governments and workers can affect employers’ decisions through cost reduction and social exchange relations, respectively. More research is needed to disentangle other possible underlying mechanisms.
Two-frequency undulator usage in compact self-amplified spontaneous emission free electron laser in Roentgen range
Authors: Zhukovsky K. , Potapov I. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe generation of harmonics in two-frequency undulator in a self-amplified spontaneous emission free electron laser (SASE FEL) is studied in order to produce Roentgen radiation in a relatively compact sized installation. The dynamics of SASE FEL is analyzed with the help of the phenomenological model to obtain the maximum of the X-ray high-harmonic power. The model accounts for the properties of the undulator magnetic field and of the electron beam and includes the major sources of losses, such as the electron energy spread, etc. It is compared and calibrated with the existing data on a FEL experiment. The advantages of the two-frequency undulator for Roentgen SASE FEL are demonstrated and the possibility to generate powerful mild Roentgen radiation at already ~25 m length is shown. The evolution of the bunching coefficients for high harmonics is studied together with the evolution of the FEL-induced energy spread. The linear and non-linear regimes are explored for common and for two-frequency undulators The usage of the two-frequency undulator for cascade SASE FEL with high X-ray harmonic power and high-harmonic bunching coefficients with low-induced energy spread is proposed.
Footstep adaptation strategy for reactive omnidirectional walking in humanoid robots
Authors: Zhang Jiwen , Xia Zeyang , Liu Li , Chen Ken 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYStability, high response quality and rapidity are required for reactive omnidirectional walking in humanoids. Early schemes focused on generating gaits for predefined footstep locations and suffered from the risk of falling over because they lacked the ability to suitably adapt foot placement. Later methods combining stride adaptation and center of mass (COM) trajectory modification experienced difficulties related to increasing computing loads and an unwanted bias from the desired commands. In this paper, a hierarchical planning framework is proposed in which the footstep adaption task is separated from that of COM trajectory generation. A novel omnidirectional vehicle model and the inequalities deduced therefrom are adopted to describe the inter-pace connection relationship. A constrained nonlinear optimization problem is formulated and solved based on these inequalities to generate the optimal strides. A black-box optimization problem is then constructed and solved to determine the model constants using a surrogate-model-based approach. A simulation-based verification of the method and its implementation on a physical robot with a strictly limited computing capacity are reported. The proposed method is found to offer improved response quality while maintaining rapidity and stability, to reduce the online computing load required for reactive walking and to eliminate unnecessary bias from walking intentions.
A reappraisal of the role of humans in the biotic disturbance of islands
Authors: DELGADO JUAN D. , RIERA RODRIGO , RODRÍGUEZ RICARDO A. , GONZÁLEZ-MORENO PABLO , FERNÁNDEZ-PALACIOS JOSÉ MARÍA 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYTraditionally, islands have been used as ecological and biogeographical models because of their assumed ecological simplicity, reduced ecosystem size and isolation. The vast number of Earth's oceanic islands play a key role in maintaining global biodiversity and serve as a rich source of evolutionary novelty. Research into the factors determining diversity patterns on islands must disentangle natural phenomena from anthropogenic causes of habitat transformation, interruption and enhancement of biological fluxes and species losses and gains in these geographically and ecologically limited environments. The anthropogenic ecological forcing of communication through global transport has profound implications regarding island–continent links. Anthropogenic disturbances along continental margins and insular coasts contribute to shaping island biotas in ecological time, but also have evolutionary consequences of global resonance. Patterns of human landscape and resource use (geographical space and ecological communities and species), as well as increasing ecological connectivity of oceanic islands and mainland, are chief driving forces in island biogeography that should be reappraised. Global indirect effects of human activities (i.e. climate change) may also affect islands and interact with these processes. We review the implications of direct and indirect anthropogenic disturbances on island biotic patterns, focusing on island size, isolation and introduced exotic species, as well as the unsettled issue of oceanic island ecological vulnerability.
Attachment states of mind and inferred childhood experiences in maltreated and comparison adolescents from low-income families
Authors: Roisman Glenn I. , Rogosch Fred A. , Cicchetti Dante , Groh Ashley M. , Haltigan John D. , Haydon Katherine C. , Holland Ashley S. , Steele Ryan D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper reports the first large-sample investigation of the maltreatment-related correlates of low-income adolescents’ narratives about their childhood experiences with primary caregivers, as assessed with a modified version of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and based on official reports of abuse and neglect (maltreatedn= 214, nonmaltreatedn= 140;Mage = 16.7 years). Drawing on factor-analytic and taxometric evidence indicating that AAI narratives vary along two state of mind (i.e., dismissing and preoccupied) and two inferred childhood experience (i.e., maternal and paternal) dimensions, here we demonstrate that the experience of maltreatment, particularly when chronic, is associated with increased risk for dismissing and preoccupied states of mind and more negative inferred childhood experiences. Although such maltreatment-related associations were generally not specific to any of the four AAI dimensions, the experience of physical and/or sexual abuse was uniquely associated with preoccupied states of mind and negative inferred paternal experiences even after controlling for the other AAI dimensions. More extensive paternal perpetration of maltreatment also was uniquely related to more negative inferred paternal experiences.
Attachment in young children with incarcerated fathers
Authors: Poehlmann-Tynan Julie , Burnson Cynthia , Runion Hilary , Weymouth Lindsay A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe present study examined young children's attachment behaviors during paternal incarceration and reported on initial validity of a new measure used to rate children's attachment-related behaviors and emotions during visits in a corrections setting. Seventy-seven children, age 2 to 6 years, and their jailed fathers and current caregivers participated in the home visit portion of the study, whereas 28 of these children participated in the jail visit. The results indicated that 27% of children witnessed the father's crime and 22% of children witnessed the father's arrest, with most children who witnessed these events exhibiting extreme distress; children who witnessed these events were more likely to have insecure attachments to their caregivers. Consistent with attachment theory and research, caregivers who exhibited more sensitivity and responsivity during interactions with children and those who provided more stimulating, responsive, learning-oriented home environments had children who were more likely to have secure attachments (measured with the Attachment Q-Sort). We also found preliminary evidence for the validity of our new measure, the Jail Prison Observation Checklist, in that children's attachment-related behaviors and emotions during the jail visit correlated with their attachment security observed in the home. Our observations indicate that, in certain contexts, noncontact visits with incarcerated parents can be stressful for children and that children's caregivers may play a significant role during these visits.
Atypical dimensions of caregiver–adolescent interaction in an economically disadvantaged sample
Authors: Kobak Roger , Zajac Kristyn , Abbott Caroline , Zisk Abby , Bounoua Nadia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Goal-Corrected Partnership Adolescent Coding System (GPACS) has shown promise in assessing a secure as well as three atypical patterns of parent–adolescent interaction during a conflict discussion. The current study of 186 economically disadvantaged families examines the degree to which four GPACS patterns: secure/collaborative, hostile/punitive, role confused, and disoriented, prospectively predict adolescents’ social competence and maladaptive behavior (internalizing, externalizing, and risk behaviors) at age 15 years after controlling for these social behaviors at age 13 years and contemporaneous GPACS scores. Adolescents from secure/collaborative dyads at age 13 were more likely to have a secure state of mind in the Adult Attachment Interview at age 15 and showed higher levels of teachers’ ratings of empathy and lower levels of teachers’ ratings of externalizing behaviors at age 15 years. Adolescents in disoriented dyads showed higher levels of teacher-rated internalizing problems, while male adolescents in role confused dyads reported higher levels of involvement in risk behaviors, including unprotected sexual activity and substance use problems.
A process model of the implications of spillover from coparenting conflicts into the parent–child attachment relationship in adolescence
Authors: Martin Meredith J. , Sturge-Apple Melissa L. , Davies Patrick T. , Romero Christine V. , Buckholz Abigail 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDrawing on a two-wave, multimethod, multi-informant design, this study provides the first test of a process model of spillover specifying why and how disruptions in the coparenting relationship influence the parent–adolescent attachment relationship. One hundred ninety-four families with an adolescent aged 12–14 (M age = 12.4) were followed for 1 year. Mothers and adolescents participated in two experimental tasks designed to elicit behavioral expressions of parent and adolescent functioning within the attachment relationship. Using a novel observational approach, maternal safe haven, secure base, and harshness (i.e., hostility and control) were compared as potential unique mediators of the association between conflict in the coparenting relationship and adolescent problems. Path models indicated that, although coparenting conflicts were broadly associated with maternal parenting difficulties, only secure base explained the link to adolescent adjustment. Adding further specificity to the process model, maternal secure base support was uniquely associated with adolescent adjustment through deficits in adolescents' secure exploration. Results support the hypothesis that coparenting disagreements undermine adolescent adjustment in multiple domains specifically by disrupting mothers' ability to provide a caregiving environment that supports adolescent exploration during a developmental period in which developing autonomy is a crucial stage-salient task.
New insight on intergenerational attachment from a relationship-based analysis
Authors: Bailey Heidi N. , Tarabulsy George M. , Moran Greg , Pederson David R. , Bento Sandi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractResearch on attachment transmission has focused on variable-centered analyses, where hypotheses are tested by examining linear associations between variables. The purpose of this study was to apply a relationship-centered approach to data analysis, where adult states of mind, maternal sensitivity, and infant attachment were conceived as being three components of a single, intergenerational relationship. These variables were assessed in 90 adolescent and 99 adult mother–infant dyads when infants were 12 months old. Initial variable-centered analyses replicated the frequently observed associations between these three core attachment variables. Relationship-based, latent class analyses then revealed that the most common pattern among young mother dyads featured maternal unresolved trauma, insensitive interactive behavior, and disorganized infant attachment (61%), whereas the most prevalent adult mother dyad relationship pattern involved maternal autonomy, sensitive maternal behavior, and secure infant attachment (59%). Three less prevalent relationship patterns were also observed. Moderation analyses revealed that the adolescent–adult mother distinction differentiated between secure and disorganized intergenerational relationship patterns, whereas experience of traumatic events distinguished between disorganized and avoidant patterns. Finally, socioeconomic status distinguished between avoidant and secure patterns. Results emphasize the value of a relationship-based approach, adding an angle of understanding to the study of attachment transmission.