bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in stable isotope ratios in lamb blood fractions following dietary changes: a preliminary study
Authors: Bontempo L. , Camin F. , Ziller L. , Biondi L. , D'Urso M. G. , Vasta V. , Luciano G. 
Published: December 2015

RationaleIn meat production it is common practice to use finishing diets based on concentrates, even for those animals previously raised on pasture. No studies have investigated the variations of stable isotope ratios in lamb plasma and erythrocytes, following a switch from pasture to a concentrate‐based diet during the last days before slaughter. For meat traceability it is important to verify how and whether these parameters are affected in blood fractions.MethodsBlood of ten male Italian Merino lambs, whose diet was switched from pasture to concentrate, was sampled 8 times (days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 14) in the last 14 days before slaughter. The variations in the δ13C, δ15N, δ18O and δ34S values of blood plasma and erythrocytes were investigated. The stable isotope ratios of the samples were measured using a stable isotope mass spectrometer coupled with an elemental analyser (C, N, S) and a CO2/H2O equilibration system (Oplasma).ResultsThe δ13Cplasma, δ18Oplasma and δ34Splasma values were shown to be different 7 days after the abrupt variation in the diet. The comparison between erythrocytes and plasma stable isotope ratios could be suitable for verifying whether the animal was actually pasture‐raised and could merit a higher price. The erythrocytes isotopic signature was not affected by very short finishing periods in previously grazed animals and maintained the pasture‐raised fingerprint, while the analysis of plasma could detect very short finishing periods with concentrate and hay.ConclusionsThe present study has demonstrated that the combination of blood plasma and erythrocytes stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur can be used to infer the dietary background of lambs and thus offers a tool for the authentication of the animal production system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CROSS HEDGING WINTER CANOLA
Authors: KIM SEON-WOONG , BRORSEN B. WADE , YOON BYUNG-SAM 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe growth in winter canola acreage in the southern Great Plains has led to questions about the best way to reduce price risk because there is no U.S. canola futures market. Cross-hedge ratios and hedging effectiveness are calculated, and encompassing tests are conducted for short-horizon hedging. Possible cross-hedge markets considered are U.S. soybeans, soybean oil, soybean meal, hard red winter wheat, and Canadian canola. The selected cross hedge is a combination of soybean oil and meal futures, but its hedging effectiveness is substantially less than what is typically provided by a direct hedge.
WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR POTENTIAL STANDING TIMBER INSURANCE
Authors: DENG YILING , MUNN IAN A. , COBLE KEITH , YAO HAIBO 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLandowners rarely insure standing timber, suggesting the limited products available do not appeal to potential clientele. We estimated landowner willingness to pay (WTP) for standing timber insurance. Data were generated through a contingent valuation survey. Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of Mississippi private forest landowners with 100+ acres of forestland. WTP for standing timber insurance was derived using an interval-censored survival model and a Kaplan-Meier Turnbull nonparametric model. The estimated WTP premium rate was approximately $3.20 per $1,000 of standing timber value, well below existing premium rates. This partially explains the underinsurance of standing timber among landowners.
Efficacy and Safety of Pedunculopontine Nuclei (PPN) Deep Brain Stimulation in the Treatment of Gait Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies
Authors: Golestanirad Laleh , Elahi Behzad , Graham Simon J. , Das Sunit , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground: Pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) has complex reciprocal connections with basal ganglia, especially with internal globus pallidus and substantia nigra, and it has been postulated that PPN stimulation may improve gait instability and freezing of gait. In this meta-analysis, we will assess the evidence for PPN deep brain stimulation in treatment of gait and motor abnormalities especially focusing on Parkinson disease patients. Methods: PubMed and Scopus electronic databases were searched for related studies published before February 2014. Medline (1966-2014), Embase (1974-2010), CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus bibliographic, and Google Scholar databases (1960-2014) were also searched for studies investigating effect of PPN deep brain stimulation in treatment of postural and postural instability and total of ten studies met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Results: Our findings showed a significant improvement in postural instability (p<0.001) and motor symptoms of Parkinson disease on and off medications (p<0.05), but failed to show improvement in freezing of gait. Conclusions: Despite significant improvement in postural instability observed in included studies, evidence from current literature is not sufficient to generalize these findings to the majority of patients.
Collectivism-oriented human resource management and innovation performance: An examination of team reflexivity and team psychological safety
Authors: Chen Silu , Zhang Guanglei , Zhang Anfu , Xu Jieying 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article investigated how collectivism-oriented human resource management can influence on innovation performance through team reflexivity and team psychological safety. Using a sample of 200 research-oriented teams in Chinese universities, the empirical results clearly indicate that collectivism-oriented human resource management is beneficial to teams’ innovation performance. The results of the mediating model show how team reflexivity and team psychological safety mediate the relationship between collectivism-oriented human resource management and innovation performance. The implications for researchers and practitioners are also discussed.
Origin, evolution and function of the hemipteran perimicrovillar membrane with emphasis on Reduviidae that transmit Chagas disease
Authors: Gutiérrez-Cabrera A.E. , Córdoba-Aguilar A. , Zenteno E. , Lowenberger C. , Espinoza B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe peritrophic matrix is a chitin-protein structure that envelops the food bolus in the midgut of the majority of insects, but is absent in some groups which have, instead, an unusual extra-cellular lipoprotein membrane named the perimicrovillar membrane. The presence of the perimicrovillar membrane (PMM) allows these insects to exploit restricted ecological niches during all life stages. It is found only in some members of the superorder Paraneoptera and many of these species are of medical and economic importance. In this review we present an overview of the midgut and the digestive system of insects with an emphasis on the order Paraneoptera and differences found across phylogenetic groups. We discuss the importance of the PMM in Hemiptera and the apparent conservation of this structure among hemipteran groups, suggesting that the basic mechanism of PMM production is the same for different hemipteran species. We propose that the PMM is intimately involved in the interaction with parasites and as such should be a target for biological and chemical control of hemipteran insects of economic and medical importance.
Antipredator behavior of the new mass-reared unisexual strain of the Mexican Fruit Fly
Authors: González-López G. I. , Rao D. , Díaz-Fleischer F. , Orozco-Dávila D. , Pérez-Staples D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTephritid pests controlled through the sterile insect technique (SIT) are mass-reared and subsequently released in affected areas. Several quality parameters are currently used to test adults, but none take into account interactions with a predator. When sterile males are released in the field, they will need to avoid predators until they reach sexual maturity and survive long enough to mate with wild females. Spiders are one of the most common predators that flies may encounter in release sites. In this study, we evaluated the antipredator behavior of a mass-reared sterile unisexual strain (‘Tapachula-7’) of the Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) against their spider predators. We sampled spiders in citrus trees to determine which families could be more common. We established the baseline activity rates of sterile Tapachula-7 (Tap-7) flies in comparison with wild flies. We also tested the behavior of the fertile and sterile bisexual strain and wild flies against hunting spiders (Family Salticidae) and orb building spiders (Family Tetragnathidae). We recorded 18 spider families, with Salticidae being the most dominant. Tap-7 flies diminished their activity in comparison with wild males at 1800 h but showed similar activity levels earlier in the day. When exposed to orb-web spiders (Leucauge venusta), Tap-7, fertile and sterile males from the bisexual strain had similar rates of survival, but Tap-7 males showed lower survival than wild males. Against hunting spiders (Phidippus audax), wild males had higher probability of defensive wing displays, but there was no difference in spider attack rates. In general, sterile Tap -7 males performed as well as males from the bisexual strain, although they had lower survival than wild males. This could be due to either mass-rearing and/or irradiation effects. We recommend the use of the defensive wing display behavior as a quality parameter and propose a rapid and effective method to evaluate fly activity. The efficiency of SIT will be improved if released sterile males have the same antipredator repertoire as their wild counterparts.
Reproducing or Contesting the Global? Belgian Organized Consumerism and its International Entanglements (1957–1995)
Authors: Nath Giselle 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBetween 1957 and 1984, Belgian consumers were represented by two comparative testing organizations: Test-Achats and the Union Féminine pour l’Information et la Défense du Consommateur. These two consumer organizations were fundamentally dissimilar in terms of their staff, their audience, and their ideological framing of consumer interests. Only the “politically independent” Test-Achats joined the International Organization of Consumer Unions (IOCU), even though it was initially smaller and weaker than the Union Féminine, the social-democratic alternative for consumers. A comparative analysis of Belgian organized consumerism reveals how, after 1957, the consumer interest was gradually reframed to fit a hegemonic definition. A private and commercial model of consumer representation was actively promoted over and against a public model through a complex transatlantic dialogue. Moreover, I argue that the international connections – or lack thereof – of the two organizations are essential to explain their success (or failure). The diffusion of organized consumerism during the 1950s and 1960s was financially and ideologically connected with the Keynesian-Fordist regulatory framework. The attack on embedded liberalism in the late 1970s thus posed serious challenges. Mapping the choices and trajectories of Belgian consumer activists in an international context helps us to understand these challenges better.
OUTSOURCING PROGRESS: ON CONCEPTUAL MUSIC
Authors: Iddon Martin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article addresses the phenomenon of New Conceptualism, otherwise known as conceptual music, or Konzeptmusik, and locates it within the German new music scene of the last decade. It is suggested that conceptual music may perhaps be a contradiction in terms, representing a nostalgic desire for the semantic strength of conceptual art. In particular the article focuses on Johannes Kreidler's 2009 work, Fremdarbeit, and scrutinises the composer's claim to have ‘outsourced’ the composition of the work to India and China. The significance of this – whether actual or fictional – as an example of globalisation is examined and set within its political and economic context.
Autistic spectrum disorders
Authors: Hallahan Brian P , Murphy Kieran C 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAutistic spectrum disorders (ASD), are a group of disorders characterised by qualitative abnormalities in social and emotional behaviour and are associated with restricted, stereotyped and repetitive interests and activities. There has been considerable understanding of ASD in recent years. This educational review paper focuses on four areas of interest and relevance to trainees preparing for the membership examination of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (MRCPsych): (a) diagnosing ASD; (b) epidemiology of ASD; (c) aetiology, including genetic, cognitive and neurochemical/neuropathological theories in ASD; and (d) treatment of ASD. Relevant papers are discussed and recommendations for further reading are provided.
Women and Anxiety Disorders: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Ginsberg David L. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTCommunity studies indicate that 19% of men and 31% of women will develop some type of anxiety disorder during their lifetime. The impact of gender is profound in that it increases the likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder by 85% in women compared to men. Sex difference in prevalence rates are apparent as early as age 6, when girls are twice as likely as boys to have an anxiety disorder. In the National Comorbidity Survey, the prevalence rates for panic disorder in women and men were 5% and 2%, respectively. Agoraphobia, which often coexists with panic disorder, has a lifetime prevalence rate of 7% in women and 3.5% in men. Prevalence of trauma is increased in young women as well, and is experienced earlier in life; 62% of sexual assaults are inflicted on females ≤18 years of age, and 29% occur in children < 11 years of age. Comorbidity of anxiety in women complicates other medical conditions as well. For example, panic disorder is highly comorbid with CHD, which remains the leading cause of death in women in developed countries. Fluctuations in reproductive hormone levels during the female life cycle is thought to be responsible for modulating anxiety. This is often implicated in the later age of onset, the more sudden and acute symptom emergence, and the more episodic course of OCD in women, and in the high prevalence (47.4%) of PMDD. Pregnancy appears to be a protective period for some anxiety disorders, including panic, while for others, such as OCD, it may be associated with onset. Hormonal changes during pregnancy, such as increased prolactin, oxytocin, and cortisol, may contribute to the suppression of stress response that occurs during this period. Despite a large and growing body of literature on anxiety disorders in general, the available data relating to women and girls falls short of informing aspects of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention that may entail sex differences. Additional work is required to understand the biological and psychosocial causes of these differences.
Service user perspectives on the impact of a mental illness diagnosis
Authors: Rose Diana , Thornicroft Graham 
Published: December 2015

SummaryAim– to provide a conceptual and practical analysis of the impacts of mental health diagnoses on consumers and to consider how service users might contribute to the new psychiatric classifications currently being drawn up.Methods– A search was carried out revealing a very sparse literature on this topic. Consultations with service users were conducted and the views of experts sought.Results– Diagnosis is important as it marks the formal status of psychiatric patient being conferred. Consumers react differently, and often, negatively to this. Stigma can follow from a diagnosis. The process of giving a diagnosis can range from one of negotiation and taking the person's strengths into account to the blunt allocation of an unwanted label. Consumers can be reduced to their diagnosis so it becomes their whole personhood and this can have an effect on their sense of self. However, consumers are not passive victims and have their own strategies for dealing with these issues.Conclusion– Consumers can use these experiences to make contributions to the new diagnostic classification systems and to future research.
Development of a set of schizophrenia quality indicators for integrated care
Authors: Weinmann Stefan , Roick Christiane , Martin Luise , Willich Stefan , Becker Thomas 
Published: December 2015

Aim– We aimed at developing a prioritized set of quality indicators for schizophrenia care to be used for continuous quality monitoring. They should be evidence-based and rely on routine data.Methods– A systematic literature search was performed to identify papers on validated quality indicators published between 1990 to April 2008 in MEDLINE, the Cochrane databases, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Databases of relevant national and international organizations were searched. Indicators were described with respect to meaningfulness, feasibility and actionability. A workshop with relevant stakeholders evaluated the measures through a structured consensus process.Results– We identified 78 indicators through literature search and selected 22 quality indicators. Furthermore, 12 structural and case-mix indicators were choosen. Only five quality indicators were rated “essential indicators” (priority 1), 14 were rated “additional first choice” (priority 2), and three were rated as “additional second choice” (priority 3). Only four indicators assessed outcome quality. In the majority of indicators the evidence base supporting the indicator recommendation was weak. None of the selected indicators was validated in experimental studies.Conclusions– Evidence and validation base played only a subordinate role for indicator prioritisation by stakeholders indicating that there are discrepancies between clinical questions and requirements in schizophrenia care and scientific research.Declaration of Interest: Stefan Weinmann and Thomas Becker received an unrestricted grant from the Federal Association of Local Health Funds (AOK-BV) for the whole project. Christiane Roick is an employee of the AOK-BV. All authors declare that there are no other financing arrangements or payments that might be considered a conflict of interests related to the present paper.
Leaf concentrate compared with skimmed milk as nutritional supplementation for HIV-infected children: a randomized controlled trial in Burundi
Authors: Collin Simon M , Leclercq Bernard , Twungubumwe Novat , Andréoletti Laurent , Richardier François-Christophe , Bertin Eric 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe effectiveness of leaf concentrate powder (LCP) as a nutritional supplement was established in trials conducted among adolescent girls and pregnant women in India. Here we evaluate LCP, compared with skimmed milk powder (SMP), as a supplement for antiretroviral-naïve children living with HIV in a sub-Saharan African country.DesignRandomized controlled, two-arm, 6-month trial comparing effects of isoproteic (5 g) LCP (10 g daily) and SMP (15 g daily) on HIV-1 viral load, CD4+cell count/percentage, weight/height-for-age, general blood parameters, diarrhoea, respiratory and HIV-related opportunistic infections.SettingBujumbura and Kirundo, Burundi.SubjectsEighty-three HIV-positive, antiretroviral-naïve children aged 5–14 years: median (range) CD4+count, 716 (361–1690) cells/mm3; log10HIV-1 viral load, 4·39 (1·79–6·00).ResultsLCP was equivalent to SMP in relation to HIV-specific blood parameters and did not demonstrate superiority over SMP in relation to Hb. Three children in each arm (LCP, 7·1 % (3/42); SMP, 7·3 % (3/41)) proceeded to antiretroviral therapy because their CD4+counts fell below 350 cells/mm3. Children in the LCP group reported higher levels of appetite and overall health at 6 months. There were no differences in clinical events or any other outcome measures. LCP was less palatable than SMP to the children in this population, but there were few negative perceptions of appearance, texture and taste.ConclusionsLCP appears to be equivalent to SMP as a nutritional supplement in this population, despite slightly lower palatability. In relation to viral load and CD4+count, equivalence may indicate no effect in either group. Effectiveness relative to no supplementation remains to be determined.
Gamma Rays from Solar Flares
Authors: Mandzhavidze Natalie , Ramaty Reuven 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe review recent results obtained from the analysis of the solar flare gamma ray line emission:
(a)The gamma ray derived ambient elemental abundances show that the First Ionization Potential (FIP) effect already sets in at relatively low altitudes in the solar atmosphere.(b)The composition of the flare accelerated particles that produce the gamma rays exhibit heavy element and 3He abundance enhancements that are typical for impulsive flares. Unlike the solar energetic particle (SEP) observations in interplanetary space, the gamma ray method allows us to trace the time development of these enhancements.(c)Solar flare gamma ray spectroscopy provides the most direct measure of the abundances of the two very high FIP elements, He and Ne, in subcoronal regions leading to somewhat higher abundances than the generally accepted values.(d)The high intensities of the aa lines observed from a number of flares imply a high (≳ 0.1) ambient He/H and/or accelerated α/p.(e)There are indications for the isotopic fractionation of He from the photosphere to corona that has important implications on the mechanism of solar wind acceleration, the protosolar deuterium abundance and Galactic chemical evolution.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of scaling-specific features of a gene regulatory network in Drosophila
Authors: Wu Honggang , Manu  , Jiao Renjie , Ma Jun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA widely appreciated aspect of developmental robustness is pattern formation in proportion to size. But how such scaling features emerge dynamically remains poorly understood. Here we generate a data set of the expression profiles of six gap genes in Drosophila melanogaster embryos that differ significantly in size. Expression patterns exhibit size-dependent dynamics both spatially and temporally. We uncover a dynamic emergence of under-scaling in the posterior, accompanied by reduced expression levels of gap genes near the middle of large embryos. Simulation results show that a size-dependent Bicoid gradient input can lead to reduced Krüppel expression that can have long-range and dynamic effects on gap gene expression in the posterior. Thus, for emergence of scaled patterns, the entire embryo may be viewed as a single unified dynamic system where maternally derived size-dependent information interpreted locally can be propagated in space and time as governed by the dynamics of a gene regulatory network.