bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated Single Iron Atoms Anchored on N‐Doped Porous Carbon as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Chen Yuanjun , Ji Shufang , Wang Yanggang , Dong Juncai , Chen Wenxing , Li Zhi , Shen Rongan , Zheng Lirong , Zhuang Zhongbin , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe development of low‐cost, efficient, and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is desirable but remains a great challenge. Herein, we made a highly reactive and stable isolated single‐atom Fe/N‐doped porous carbon (ISA Fe/CN) catalyst with Fe loading up to 2.16 wt %. The catalyst showed excellent ORR performance with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.900 V, which outperformed commercial Pt/C and most non‐precious‐metal catalysts reported to date. Besides exceptionally high kinetic current density (Jk) of 37.83 mV cm−2 at 0.85 V, it also had a good methanol tolerance and outstanding stability. Experiments demonstrated that maintaining the Fe as isolated atoms and incorporating nitrogen was essential to deliver the high performance. First principle calculations further attributed the high reactivity to the high efficiency of the single Fe atoms in transporting electrons to the adsorbed OH species.
TiO2/nanoclinoptilolite as an efficient nanocatalyst in the synthesis of substituted 2‐aminothiophenes
Authors: Javadi Farzad , Tayebee Reza , Bahramian Bahram 
Published: April 2017

TiO2/nanoclinoptilolite (TiO2/NCP) was prepared by the mediation of hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) as surfactant and used as an effective heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the preparation of substituted 2‐aminotiophenes. The modified HDTMA/NCP was impregnated with titanium(IV) chloride solution followed by calcination at 500 °C for 20 h. The obtained nanocomposite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, the prepared nanocomposite had high stability and recoverability under mild and solvent‐free conditions.
Sling, Scoop, and Squirter: Anatomical Features Facilitating Prey Transport, Processing, and Swallowing in Rorqual Whales (Mammalia: Balaenopteridae)
Authors: Werth Alexander J. , Ito Haruka 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTMuch is known about lunge feeding in balaenopterid whales, but many key aspects of structure, function, and behavior have not yet been explained in detail, especially with regard to concentrating, positioning, and swallowing large aggregations of prey. We describe a novel system of three integrated structural components, all of which are involved in sequential feeding activities (intraoral transport, filtration, and swallowing of prey) that follow lunge‐feeding engulfment of prey‐laden water in rorquals: (1) a hammock‐like muscular sling comprising extrinsic lingual musculature along the midline of the ventral pouch; (2) the flattened scoop‐like arrangement of caudal‐most baleen plates converging in the oropharynx adjacent to the esophageal opening; and (3) a flow‐diverting flange at the posterior dorsum of the lip, by a flow channel at the angle of the mouth. Subsequent to contraction of the ventral pouch and concomitant expulsion of the mouthful of ingested water, these three structures together, we contend, aid in (1) channeling prey posteriorly toward the esophageal opening; (2) concentrating prey as excess water is squeezed from (what is presumed to be) the slurry‐like mixture of nektonic and/or planktonic prey and water; and (3) guiding prey into the isthmus of the fauces while simultaneously (4) facilitating expulsion of water. These related functions occur along with, and are in part achieved by, elevation and retraction of the tongue and oral floor. Given their presumed functional role, these systems are best described as a suite of integrated structural adaptations. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:2070–2086, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A dynamical link between deep Atlantic extratropical cyclones and intense Mediterranean cyclones
Authors: Raveh‐Rubin Shira , Flaounas Emmanouil 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBreaking of atmospheric Rossby waves has been previously shown to lead to intense Mediterranean cyclones, one of the most prominent environmental risks in the region. Wave breaking may be enhanced by warm conveyor belts (WCBs) associated with extratropical cyclones developing over the Atlantic Ocean. More precisely, WCBs supply the upper troposphere with air masses of low potential vorticity that, in turn, amplify ridges and thus favor Rossby wave breaking. This study identifies the mechanism that connects Atlantic cyclones and intense mature Mediterranean cyclones through ridge amplification by WCBs, and validates its climatological relevance. Using European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA‐Interim reanalyses and a feature‐based approach, we analyze the 200 most intense Mediterranean cyclones for the years 1989–2008 and show that their majority (181 cases) is indeed associated with this mechanism upstream. Results show that multiple Atlantic cyclones are associated with each case of intense Mediterranean cyclone downstream. Moreover, the associated Atlantic cyclones are particularly deeply intensifying compared with climatology.
Origin–destination synthesis for aviation network data: examining hub operations in the domestic and international US markets
Authors: Park Yongha , O'Kelly Morton E. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryHub‐and‐spoke networking is a key feature of current aviation markets in which hubs, as connecting points, function to consolidate and redistribute flows. This indicates that observation of traffic on a segment does not necessarily convey information about the origin to destination routing of passenger journeys because of the unavoidable detours in the system. This paper examines the heterogeneity of the flow composition in domestic and international US markets, which in turn allows us to observe the variation of operations across major hubs. A modified Route Flow Estimator for origin–destination synthesis (or origin–destination matrix estimation) is designed to decompose the segment traffic into itinerary‐based passenger trips. Several public and commercial databases, which are easily accessible, are exploited (and reconciled) for the model in order to (i) generate possible trip itineraries using those segment markets, and (ii) link data‐driven operational conditions with the underlying segment flows. The results are validated with US domestic trip observations and empirical knowledge related to the air transportation system. Then, the variability of the hub operations is examined based on sensitivity tests using the model parameters. From the resolution of itinerary‐based estimates, we observe that major airports' hub operations are spatially uneven, particularly with respect to domestic and international connecting passengers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating Effort: Influences of Evaluation Mode on Judgments of Task‐specific Efforts
Authors: Dunn Timothy L. , Koehler Derek J. , Risko Evan F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe claim that humans adapt their actions in ways that avoid effortful processing (whether cognitive or physical) is a staple of various theories of human behavior. Although much work has been carried out focusing on the determinants of such behaviors, less attention has been given to how individuals evaluate effort. In the current set of experiments, we utilized the general evaluability theory to examine the evaluability of effort by examining subjective value functions across different evaluation modes. Individuals judged the anticipated effort of four task‐specific efforts indexed by stimulus rotation, items to be remembered, weight to be lifted, and stimulus degradation across joint (i.e., judged comparatively) and single evaluation modes (i.e., judged in isolation). General evaluability theory hypothesizes that highly evaluable attributes should be consistently evaluated (i.e., demonstrate similar subjective value functions) between the two modes. Across six experiments, we demonstrate that the perceived effort associated with items to be remembered, weight to be lifted, and stimulus degradation can be considered relatively evaluable, while the effort associated with stimulus rotation may be relatively inevaluable. Results are discussed within the context of subjective evaluation, internal reference information, and strategy selection. In addition, methodological implications of evaluation modes are considered. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nano hydroxyapatite‐blasted titanium surface affects pre‐osteoblast morphology by modulating critical intracellular pathways
Authors: Bezerra Fábio , Ferreira Marcel R. , Fontes Giselle N. , da Costa Fernandes Célio Jr , Andia Denise C. , Cruz Nilson C. , da Silva Rodrigo A. , Zambuzzi Willian F. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTAlthough, intracellular signaling pathways are proposed to predict the quality of cell‐surface relationship, this study addressed pre‐osteoblast behavior in response to nano hydroxyapatite (HA)‐blasted titanium (Ti) surface by exploring critical intracellular pathways and pre‐osteoblast morphological change. Physicochemical properties were evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and wettability considering water contact angle of three differently texturized Ti surfaces: Machined (Mac), Dual acid‐etching (DAE), and nano hydroxyapatite‐blasted (nHA). The results revealed critical differences in surface topography, impacting the water contact angle and later the osteoblast performance. In order to evaluate the effect of those topographical characteristics on biological responses, we have seeded pre‐osteoblast cells on the Ti discs for up to 4 h and subjected the cultures to biological analysis. First, we have observed pre‐osteoblasts morphological changes resulting from the interaction with the Ti texturized surfaces whereas the cells cultured on nHA presented a more advanced spreading process when compared with the cells cultured on the other surfaces. These results argued us for analyzing the molecular machinery and thus, we have shown that nHA promoted a lower Bax/Bcl2 ratio, suggesting an interesting anti‐apoptotic effect, maybe explained by the fact that HA is a natural element present in bone composition. Thereafter, we investigated the potential effect of those surfaces on promoting pre‐osteoblast adhesion and survival signaling by performing crystal violet and immunoblotting approaches, respectively. Our results showed that nHA promoted a higher pre‐osteoblast adhesion supported by up‐modulating FAK and Src activations, both signaling transducers involved during eukaryotic cell adhesion. Also, we have shown Ras‐Erk stimulation by the all evaluated surfaces. Finally, we showed that all Ti‐texturing surfaces were able to promote osteoblast differentiation up to 10 days, when alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteogenic transcription factors were up‐modulated. Altogether, our results showed for the first time that nano hydroxyapatite‐blasted titanium surface promotes crucial intracellular signaling network responsible for cell adapting on the Ti‐surface.Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1888–1898. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of COMT Val158Met and DRD2 C957T polymorphisms on executive function and the impact of early life stress
Authors: Klaus Kristel , Butler Kevin , Durrant Simon J. , Ali Manir , Inglehearn Chris F. , Hodgson Timothy L. , Gutierrez Humberto , Pennington Kyla 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionPrevious research has indicated that variation in genes encoding catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) may influence cognitive function and that this may confer vulnerability to the development of mental health disorders such as schizophrenia. However, increasing evidence suggests environmental factors such as early life stress may interact with genetic variants in affecting these cognitive outcomes. This study investigated the effect of COMT Val158Met and DRD2 C957T polymorphisms on executive function and the impact of early life stress in healthy adults.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐two healthy adult males (mean age 35.2 years, range 21–63) were enrolled in the study. Cognitive function was assessed using Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery and early life stress was assessed using the Childhood Traumatic Events Scale (Pennebaker & Susman, 1988).ResultsDRD2 C957T was significantly associated with executive function, with CC homozygotes having significantly reduced performance in spatial working memory and spatial planning. A significant genotype–trauma interaction was found in Rapid Visual Information Processing test, a measure of sustained attention, with CC carriers who had experienced early life stress exhibiting impaired performance compared to the CC carriers without early life stressful experiences. There were no significant findings for COMT Val158Met.ConclusionsThis study supports previous findings that DRD2 C957T significantly affects performance on executive function related tasks in healthy individuals and shows for the first time that some of these effects may be mediated through the impact of childhood traumatic events. Future work should aim to clarify further the effect of stress on neuronal systems that are known to be vulnerable in mental health disorders and more specifically what the impact of this might be on cognitive function.
HIF‐1α binding to AEG‐1 promoter induced upregulated AEG‐1 expression associated with metastasis in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhao Ting , Zhao Chenyan , Zhou Yanting , Zheng Jing , Gao Shujun , Lu Yuan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOvarian cancer with the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies is one of common cancers among female cancer patients. As reported in recent years, AEG‐1 was associated with the occurrence, development, and metastasis of ovarian cancer, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, invasion capabilities of ovarian cancer OVCAR3 cells were measured by viral infection and transwell assay. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expression levels of β‐catenin, E‐cadherin, MMP2, and MMP9. With qRT‐PCR analysis, AEG‐1 and HIF‐1α gene expression were detected. We used luciferase reporter gene to measure AEG‐1 promoter activity under normoxia/hypoxia in OVCAR3 cells. Our work demonstrated that AEG‐1 significantly enhanced invasion capabilities of OVCAR3 cells and the expression levels of β‐catenin, E‐cadherin, MMP2, and MMP9 associated with invasion capabilities of OVCAR3 cells were upregulated. Furthermore, hypoxia enhanced invasion capabilities of OVCAR3 cells and induced AEG‐1 high gene expression, which was reversed by AEG‐1 knockdown lentivirus. HIF‐1α expression upregulation was induced in OVCAR3 cells after hypoxia. HIF‐1α knockdown lentivirus induced downregulated expression of AEG‐1 and invasion capabilities of OVCAR3 cells were also inhibited. Wild‐type AEG‐1 promoter activity under hypoxic conditions was significantly higher than that AEG‐1 mutation under normoxic conditions in the absence of hypoxia response. Our results suggested that HIF‐1α binds to AEG‐1 promoter to upregulate its expression, which was correlated with metastasis in ovarian cancer by inducing the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 as well as inhibiting expression of E‐cadherin and β‐catenin.
The Effects of smoking status and smoking history on patients with brain metastases from lung cancer
Authors: Shenker Rachel F. , McTyre Emory R. , Ruiz Jimmy , Weaver Kathryn E. , Cramer Christina , Alphonse‐Sullivan Natalie K. , Farris Michael , Petty William J. , Bonomi Marcelo R. , Watabe Kounosuke , Laxton Adrian W. , Tatter Stephen B. , Warren Graham W. , Chan Michael D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThere is limited data on the effects of smoking on lung cancer patients with brain metastases. This single institution retrospective study of patients with brain metastases from lung cancer who received stereotactic radiosurgery assessed whether smoking history is associated with overall survival, local control, rate of new brain metastases (brain metastasis velocity), and likelihood of neurologic death after brain metastases. Patients were stratified by adenocarcinoma versus nonadenocarcinoma histologies. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed for survival endpoints. Competing risk analysis was performed for neurologic death analysis to account for risk of nonneurologic death. Separate linear regression and multivariate analyses were performed to estimate the brain metastasis velocity. Of 366 patients included in the analysis, the median age was 63, 54% were male and, 60% were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma. Current smoking was reported by 37% and 91% had a smoking history. Current smoking status and pack‐year history of smoking had no effect on overall survival. There was a trend for an increased risk of neurologic death in nonadenocarcinoma patients who continued to smoke (14%, 35%, and 46% at 6/12/24 months) compared with patients who did not smoke (12%, 23%, and 30%, P = 0.053). Cumulative pack years smoking was associated with an increase in neurologic death for nonadenocarcinoma patients (HR = 1.01, CI: 1.00–1.02, P = 0.046). Increased pack‐year history increased brain metastasis velocity in multivariate analysis for overall patients (P = 0.026). Current smokers with nonadenocarcinoma lung cancers had a trend toward greater neurologic death than nonsmokers. Cumulative pack years smoking is associated with a greater brain metastasis velocity.
Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of transcatheter aortic valve replacement without balloon predilation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Auffret Vincent , Regueiro Ander , Campelo‐Parada Francisco , del Trigo María , Chiche Olivier , Chamandi Chekrallah , Puri Rishi , Rodés‐Cabau Josep 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of direct transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), that is, TAVR without balloon predilation (BPD), by performing a systematic review and meta‐analysis of available evidence.BackgroundAvoiding BPD during TAVR was shown to be feasible in previous studies but the risks and benefits of this technique are unknown owing to the limited number of patients included in these studies.MethodsWe performed a systematic search for studies comparing direct TAVR vs TAVR performed with BPD. Crude risk ratios (RRs) or mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each endpoint were calculated using random effects models.ResultsTwenty studies including 3586 patients (1606 undergoing direct TAVR) were selected for the analysis. Mean device success with direct TAVR was 88% with <5% of bail‐out techniques. There were no differences between direct and BPD‐TAVR in short‐term (in‐hospital or 30‐day) mortality (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.78–1.43) or cerebrovascular events (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.58–1.46). Direct TAVR associated with reduced moderate or severe paravalvular leak post‐TAVR (RR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.36–0.98) but not with a reduced risk of permanent pacemaker implantation (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.71–1.02). A slight increase in postdilation was observed in direct transfemoral‐TAVR recipients (RR: 1.2; 95% CI: 1.00–1.44).ConclusionDirect TAVR is feasible and safe. However, given the unadjusted nature of our results, uncertainties remain regarding the independent effect of direct TAVR on outcomes post‐TAVR. Randomized studies are warranted to determine the potential benefits of direct TAVR. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chronic sinusitis in a patient with selective IgG4 subclass deficiency controlled with enriched immunoglobulins
Authors: Dine Gérard , Ali‐Ammar Nadia , Brahimi Said , Rehn Yves 
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical MessageA 71‐year‐old female patient with no major history of infection had presented with recurrent chronic purulent sinusitis over the past 3 years. These recurrent infections started in 2000 with otolaryngologists’ support before diagnosis of IgG4 deficiency be asked. The patient was treated with increasingly extensive courses of antibiotics and underwent several maxillary and sphenoidal sinus washouts. She continued to present with purulent nasal discharge containing Staphylococcus epidermidis. The blood and immune work‐ups were normal. Her antinuclear antibody count was 1/320, with no unusual types. The total immunoglobulin (Ig)E, serology, CD4 count, and lymphocyte B phenotype results were all normal. No humoral immune deficiency was detected. The analyses confirmed an underlying specific IgG4 deficiency with values of 3–4 mg/L over 4 months. The patient was treated in March 2011 with prophylactic antibiotic therapy, sinus drainage, and IV infusions of enriched immunoglobulins (IVIg 10%) administered at the outpatient clinic every 4 weeks for 3 months. The IgIV treatment was not interrupted. Her general condition improved within a few months, with her IgG4 levels rising to 44 mg/L. The IVIg infusions were well tolerated. The purulent nasal discharge was controlled, and the antibiotics were stopped. The follow‐up visits at 2 and 9 months after introduction of IVIg showed that her IgG4 level had improved, rising to 15 and 11 mg/L, respectively, although it had not yet returned to normal. The infusions were then given every 3 weeks. At her last visit, the patient's clinical condition had substantially improved. She was able to start using the subcutaneous Ig concentrate form (20% SCIg), 15 g every 2 weeks, leading to a clear improvement in her clinical condition, with stabilization of her otolaryngologists’ symptoms and signs. The complete blood count was normal, IgG4 were stable at 40 mg/L, and the other immunoglobulins and IgG subclasses were normal. It was then possible to reduce the SCIg dose to 10 g every 3 weeks, while continuing to monitor her clinical condition and laboratory test results. This is one of the rare cases of selective IgG4 subclass deficiency treated with immunoglobulins. Treatment resulted in a significant improvement in IgG4 levels versus pretreatment levels. The first improvement noted was the stabilization otolaryngologists’ infections particularly purulent nasal discharge.
Severe dermatitis might be caused by a cross‐reaction between nickel and palladium and dental amalgam resolved following removal of dental restorations
Authors: Fujii Yoshiro 
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical MessageThis report demonstrates a case of atopic dermatitis that was unresponsive to topical steroid therapy. This clinical report highlights the fact that metals used in dental treatment, such as mercury, as well as cross‐reactions between nickel and palladium, may cause systemic hypersensitivity or toxicity.
Insight into Copper Oxide‐Tin Oxide Catalysts for the Catalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide: Identification of Active Copper Species and a Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Bai Xueqin , Chai Shujing , Liu Cheng , Ma Kui , Cheng Qingpeng , Tian Ye , Ding Tong , Jiang Zheng , Zhang Jing , Zheng Lirong , Li Xingang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHerein, we report the high activity of CuO‐SnO2 catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of CO. In particular, SnCu30 shows the highest activity and a high water resistance. If we compare the XRD, X‐ray absorption fine structure, and H2 temperature‐programmed reduction results of SnCu30 before and after HNO3 treatment, we find the existence of three kinds of Cu species in the catalyst, that is, highly dispersed CuO, bulk CuO, and Cu incorporated in the SnO2 lattice. The highly dispersed CuO and the surface lattice oxygen species are the active sites for the catalytic oxidation of CO. We used X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy to confirm the existence of Cu+ species on the surface of the CuO‐SnO2 catalysts, which can provide the adsorption sites for CO. Our results show that the reaction pathways of the catalytic oxidation of CO over the CuO‐SnO2 catalysts follow the Mars–van Krevelen model.