bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A small‐scale qualitative scoping study into the experiences of looked after children and care leavers who are parents in Wales
Authors: Roberts Louise 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper presents the findings of a scoping study into looked after children and care leavers who are parents in Wales. Eight parents engaged in a qualitative interview. Thirty‐one pregnancies were discussed during the interviews: 16 live births, two ongoing pregnancies, one stillbirth, one termination and 11 miscarriages. At the point of interview, two parents continued to care for their children, but six had experienced the permanent removal of their child/ren as a result of social services intervention. Twelve of the 16 children discussed in the interviews were ‘looked after’ or adopted.Despite its small‐scale nature, the study highlights important considerations before, during and after participants became parents. Broadly categorized, these relate to the influence of parents' childhood experiences on their capacity to be parents, the availability and adequacy of support during parenting and the ensuing impact of parenting ‘success’ or ‘failure’. For parents who had experienced the loss of a child, some were resigned to having no further children, some continued to hope for a family in the future, while others had experienced cycles of repeated pregnancies and compulsory removals. The findings are considered in the context of related literature and suggest that increased attention is required in this under‐researched but highly emotive area.
Recommendations and consensus on the treatment of peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin: a systematic review of national and international guidelines
Authors: Klaver C. E. L. , Groenen H. , Morton D. G. , Laurberg S. , Bemelman W. A. , Tanis P. J. ,   the research committee of the European Society of Coloproctology
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThis systematic review aimed to provide an overview of (inter)national guidelines on the treatment of peritoneal metastases of colorectal cancer origin (PMCRC) and to determine the degree of consensus and available evidence with identification of topics for future research.MethodA systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed as well as Tripdatabase, National Guideline Clearinghouse, BMJ Best Practice and Guidelines International Network was performed to identify (inter)national guidelines and consensus statements from oncological or surgical societies on PMCRC. The quality of guidelines was assessed using the AGREE‐II score. Topics followed by recommendations were extracted from the guidelines. The recommendations, highest level of supporting evidence and the degree of consensus were determined for each topic.ResultsTwenty‐one guidelines were included, in most (15) of which cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) was recommended in selected patients based on level 1b evidence. Substantial consensus was also reached on the benefit of multidisciplinary team discussion and the achievability of a (near) complete cytoreduction (CC0‐1) without supporting evidence. Both evidence and consensus were lacking regarding other aspects including preoperative positron emission tomography/CT, second look surgery in high risk patients, the optimal patient selection for CRS/HIPEC, procedural aspects of HIPEC and (perioperative) systemic therapy.ConclusionIn currently available guidelines, evidence and consensus on the treatment strategy for PMCRC are lacking. Updates of guidelines are ongoing and future (randomized) clinical trials should contribute to multidisciplinary and international consensus on treatment strategies for PMCRC.
Determinants of pre‐transplantation pectoralis muscle area (PMA) and post‐transplantation change in PMA in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Hoang Van , Li Gloria W. , Kao Christina C. , Dronavalli Goutham , Parulekar Amit D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine predictors of pectoralis muscle area (PMA) and assess change in PMA following lung transplantation and its relationship to outcomes.MethodsA retrospective review of 88 lung transplant recipients at a single center was performed. PMA was determined on a single axial slice from chest computerized tomography. Pectoralis muscle index (PMI) was calculated from the PMA divided by the height squared.ResultsPMI decreased post‐transplantation (8.1±2.8 cm2/m2 pre‐transplantation, 7.5±2.9 cm2/m2 at 6 months, and 7.6±2.7 cm2/m2 at 12 months, P<.05). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) were predictors of pre‐transplant PMI (β=−2.3, P=.001 for COPD; β=2.1, P<.001 for ILD) and percent change in PMI at 12 months post‐transplantation relative to baseline (β=19.2, P=.04 for COPD; β=−20.1, P=.01 for ILD). Patients in the highest quartile for PMI change at 12 months had fewer ventilator days compared with patients in the other quartiles (P=.03).ConclusionsUnderlying diagnosis was a significant predictor of both pre‐transplantation PMI and change in PMI post‐transplantation. Further studies of PMI are needed to determine its clinical utility in predicting outcomes following lung transplantation.
Immunoglobulin heavy and light chains and T‐cell receptor beta and gamma chains PCR assessment on cytological samples. A study comparing FTA cards and cryopreserved lymph node fine‐needle cytology
Authors: Peluso A. L. , Cozzolino I. , Bottiglieri A. , Lucchese L. , Di Crescenzo R. M. , Langella M. , Selleri C. , Zeppa P. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the DNA yield and quality extracted from lymph node fine needle cytology (FNC) samples stored on FTA cards to those cryopreserved, and to assess the immunoglobulin heavy and light chains (IGHK) and T‐Cell receptor beta and gamma chains (TCRBG) PCR tests.MethodsDNA extractions were performed on FNC of 80 non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), four myelomas and 56 benign reactive hyperplasias (BRH) cryopreserved and stored on FTA cards. The JAK2 gene was amplified to assess the DNA integrity and the IGHK/TCRBG clonality status was tested.ResultsIGHK monoclonality was found in 99% of B‐cell NHL and 100% of myeloma. TCRBG monoclonality was found in 100% of T‐cell NHL. TCRBG polyclonality was detected in 97% of B‐cell NHL, 100% of myeloma and 96% of BRH. IGHK/TCRBG PCR data were confirmed by histological and/or follow‐up controls. No differences were found in the DNA quality between cryopreservation and FTA cards storage methods.ConclusionsIGHK/TCRBG PCR of the lymphoproliferative process on FTA cards is comparable to those cryopreserved. FTA cards can be used to store lymph node FNC for further molecular investigations.
Application of Ethical Principles to Research using Public Health Data in The Global South: Perspectives from Africa
Authors: Anane‐Sarpong Evelyn , Wangmo Tenzin , Sankoh Osman , Tanner Marcel , Elger Bernice Simone 
Published: December 2016

AbstractExisting ethics guidelines, influential literature and policies on ethical research generally focus on real‐time data collection from humans. They enforce individual rights and liberties, thereby lowering need for aggregate protections. Although dependable, emerging public health research paradigms like research using public health data (RUPD) raise new challenges to their application. Unlike traditional research, RUPD is population‐based, aligned to public health activities, and often reliant on pre‐collected longitudinal data. These characteristics, when considered in relation to the generally lower protective ethico‐legal frameworks of the Global South, including Africa, highlight ethical gaps. Health and demographic surveillance systems are examples of public health programs that accommodate RUPD in these contexts. We set out to explore the perspectives of professionals with a working knowledge of these systems to determine practical ways of appropriating the foundational principles of health research to advance the ever growing opportunities in RUPD. We present their perspectives and in relation to the literature and our ethical analysis, make context relevant recommendations. We further argue for the development of a framework founded on the discussions and recommendations as a minimum base for achieving optimal ethics for optimal RUPD in the Global South.
The importance of canopy complexity in shaping seasonal spider and beetle assemblages in saltmarsh habitats
Authors: FORD HILARY , EVANS BEN , Van KLINK ROEL , SKOV MARTIN W. , GARBUTT ANGUS 
Published: December 2016

1. Habitat structure, including vegetation structural complexity, largely determines invertebrate assemblages in semi‐natural grasslands. The importance of structural complexity to the saltmarsh invertebrate community, where the interplay between vegetation characteristics and tidal inundation is key, is less well known.2. It was hypothesised that canopy complexity would be a more important predictor of spider and beetle assemblages than simple vegetation attributes (e.g. height, community type) and environmental variables (e.g. elevation) alone, measured in two saltmarsh regions, south‐east (Essex) and north‐west (Morecambe Bay) U.K. Canopy complexity (number of non‐vegetated ‘gaps’ in canopy ≥ 1 mm wide) was assessed using side‐on photography. Over 1500 spiders and beetles were sampled via suction sampling, winter and summer combined.3. In summer, saltmarshes with abundant spider and beetle populations were characterised by high scores for canopy complexity often associated with tussocky grass or shrub cover. Simple vegetation attributes (plant cover, height) accounted for 26% of variation in spider abundance and 14% in spider diversity, rising to 46% and 41%, respectively, with the addition of canopy complexity score. Overwintering spider assemblages were associated with elevation and vegetation biomass. Summer beetle abundance, in particular the predatory and zoophagous group, and diversity were best explained by elevation and plant species richness.4. Summer canopy complexity was identified as a positive habitat feature for saltmarsh spider communities (ground‐running hunters and sheet weavers) with significant ‘added value’ over more commonly measured attributes of vegetation structure.
In situ study on microwave sintering of ZTA ceramic: Effect of ZrO2 content on densification, hardness, and toughness
Authors: Meunier Christophe , Zuo Fei , Peillon Nathalie , Saunier Sébastien , Marinel Sylvain , Goeuriot Dominique 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBetter understanding of the effect of multimode‐microwave sintering of zirconia‐toughened alumina (ZTA) was investigated. A comparative dilatometric analysis was conducted between conventional and microwave heating processes, to clarify the influence of zirconia on the densification of ZTA under electromagnetic field. The thermal gradient on sample measurements indicates the change to the microwave volumetric heating is improved by zirconia which adsorbs microwave energy better, thus acting as a susceptor. The most beneficial effect on microstructure, toughness, and hardness were observed at the optimal zirconia content of 10 vol%. The results with both microwave and conventional sintering illustrate the strengthening effect on the composite by zirconia. Of special interest, multimode microwave sintering creates a finer homogeneous microstructure, with resulting hardness and toughening comparable to those obtained for conventional sintering, as well as improved densification, and at lower cost.
Technology‐enhanced storytelling stimulating parent–child interaction and preschool children's vocabulary knowledge
Authors: Teepe R.C. , Molenaar I. , Verhoeven L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPreschool children's vocabulary mainly develops verbal through interaction. Therefore, the technology‐enhanced storytelling (TES) activity Jeffy's Journey is developed to support parent–child interaction and vocabulary in preschool children. TES entails shared verbal storytelling supported by a story structure and real‐time visual, auditory and textual prompts on a tablet computer. In this exploratory study, we investigated how TES influenced parent–child interaction and vocabulary. An experimental pretest‐intervention‐posttest design was followed with 44 3‐year‐old children and their parents in the experimental group and 27 peers in the control group. Results revealed that TES stimulated active child involvement and generated parent–child interaction, yet a great variety in TES characteristics both in time spent and usage of prompts was found among participants. Dyads that spent more time on story phases showed more and higher quality parent–child interaction. The usage of prompts was associated with improved parent–child interaction quality. Finally, an effect of TES was evidenced on children's productive vocabulary knowledge. To conclude, this study demonstrates that TES can be considered as a promising context for fostering parent–child interaction and children's vocabulary development.
The First Isolation and Characterisation of the Protist Labyrinthula sp. in Southeastern Australia
Authors: Sullivan Brooke K. , Robinson Katie L. , Trevathan‐Tackett Stacey M. , Lilje Erna S. , Gleason Frank H. , Lilje Osu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAs a result of anthropogenic influences and global climate change, emerging infectious marine diseases are thought to be increasingly more common and more severe than in the past. The aim of our investigation was to confirm the presence of Labyrinthula, the aetiological agent of the seagrass wasting disease, in Southeastern Australia and provide the first isolation and characterisation of this protist, in Australia. Colonies and individual cells were positively identified as Labyrinthula using published descriptions, diagrams, and photographs. Their identity was then confirmed using DNA barcoding of a region of the 18S rRNA gene. Species level identification of isolates was not possible as the taxonomy of the Labyrinthula is still poorly resolved. Still, a diversity of Labyrinthula was isolated from small sections of the southeast coast of Australia. The isolates were grouped into three haplotypes that are biogeographically restricted. These haplotypes are closely related to previously identified saprotrophic clades. The study highlights the need for further investigation into the global distribution of Labyrinthula, including phylogenetic pathogenicity and analysis of host‐parasite interactions in response to stressors. Given the results of our analyses, it is prudent to continue research into disease and epidemic agents to better prepare researchers for potential future outbreaks.
Hepatic stellate cells secreting WFA+‐M2BP: Its role in biological interactions with Kupffer cells
Authors: Bekki Yuki , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Shimoda Shinji , Itoh Shinji , Harimoto Norifumi , Ikegami Toru , Kuno Atsushi , Narimatsu Hisashi , Shirabe Ken , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground and AimHepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a central role in hepatic fibrosis and are regulated by Kupffer cells (KCs). Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive Mac‐2 binding protein (WFA+‐M2BP) was recently identified as a serum marker for hepatic fibrosis. Although WFA+‐M2BP was identified as a ligand of Mac‐2, the function of WFA+‐M2BP in hepatic fibrosis remains unclear.MethodsLiver specimens were obtained from five patients with cirrhosis, five with chronic hepatitis, and five without hepatic fibrosis. WFA+‐M2BP kinetics were evaluated histologically and in subpopulations of liver cells such as HSCs, KCs, endothelial cells, biliary epithelial cells, and hepatocytes in in vitro culture. The function of WFA+‐M2BP in activated HSCs was evaluated using immunoblot analysis.ResultsNumbers of WFA+‐M2BP‐positive cells in liver tissues increased with fibrosis stage. There were significant differences in WFA+‐M2BP levels between fibrosis stages F0 and F1–2 (P = 0.012) and between fibrosis stages F1–2 and F3–4 (P < 0.001). HSCs were the source of WFA+‐M2BP secretion in in vitro cultures of liver cells, as determined by sandwich immunoassay. Cells of the human HSC line LX‐2 also secreted WFA+‐M2BP. Histologically, tissue sections showed that WFA+‐M2BP was located in Mac‐2‐expressing KCs. In vitro assays showed that exogenous WFA+‐M2BP stimulation enhanced Mac‐2 expression in KCs and that HSCs co‐cultured with KCs increased α‐smooth muscle actin expression. Finally, Mac‐2‐depleted KCs with short interfering RNA had reduced α‐smooth muscle actin expression following co‐culturing with HSCs.ConclusionsWFA+‐M2BP from HSCs induces Mac‐2 expression in KCs, which in turn activates HSCs to be fibrogenic.
Test–retest reliability of quantitative sensory testing for mechanical somatosensory and pain modulation assessment of masticatory structures
Authors: Costa Y. M. , Morita‐Neto O. , de Araújo‐Júnior E. N. S. , Sampaio F. A. , Conti P. C. R. , Bonjardim L. R. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryAssessing the reliability of medical measurements is a crucial step towards the elaboration of an applicable clinical instrument. There are few studies that evaluate the reliability of somatosensory assessment and pain modulation of masticatory structures. This study estimated the test–retest reliability, that is over time, of the mechanical somatosensory assessment of anterior temporalis, masseter and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) using the anterior temporalis as the test site. Twenty healthy women were evaluated in two sessions (1 week apart) by the same examiner. Mechanical detection threshold (MDT), mechanical pain threshold (MPT), wind‐up ratio (WUR) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) were assessed on the skin overlying the anterior temporalis, masseter and TMJ of the dominant side. CPM was tested by comparing PPT before and during the hand immersion in a hot water bath. anova and intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were applied to the data (α = 5%). The overall ICCs showed acceptable values for the test–retest reliability of mechanical somatosensory assessment of masticatory structures. The ICC values of 75% of all quantitative sensory measurements were considered fair to excellent (fair = 8·4%, good = 33·3% and excellent = 33·3%). However, the CPM paradigm presented poor reliability (ICC = 0·25). The mechanical somatosensory assessment of the masticatory structures, but not the proposed CPM protocol, can be considered sufficiently reliable over time to evaluate the trigeminal sensory function.
Daily antecedents and consequences of nightly sleep
Authors: Lee Soomi , Crain Tori L. , McHale Susan M. , Almeida David M. , Buxton Orfeu M. 
Published: December 2016

SummarySleep can serve as both cause and consequence of individuals’ everyday experiences. We built upon prior studies of the correlates of sleep, which have relied primarily on cross‐sectional data, to examine the antecedents and consequences of sleep using a daily diary design. Specifically, we assessed the temporal sequence between nightly sleep and daily psychosocial stressors. Parents employed in a US information technology company (n = 102) completed eight consecutive daily diaries at both baseline and 1 year later. In telephone interviews each evening, participants reported on the previous night's sleep hours, sleep quality and sleep latency. They also reported daily work‐to‐family conflict and time inadequacy (i.e. perceptions of not having enough time) for their child and for themselves to engage in exercise. Multi‐level models testing lagged and non‐lagged effects simultaneously revealed that sleep hours and sleep quality were associated with next‐day consequences of work‐to‐family conflict and time inadequacy, whereas psychosocial stressors as antecedents did not predict sleep hours or quality that night. For sleep latency, the opposite temporal order emerged: on days with more work‐to‐family conflict or time inadequacy for child and self than usual, participants reported longer sleep latencies than usual. An exception to this otherwise consistent pattern was that time inadequacy for child also preceded shorter sleep hours and poorer sleep quality that night. The results highlight the utility of a daily diary design for capturing the temporal sequences linking sleep and psychosocial stressors.
Nutrient composition of premixed and packaged complementary foods for sale in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Lack of standards threatens infant growth
Authors: Masters William A. , Nene Marc D. , Bell Winnie 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPremixed flours for infant porridge are increasingly produced and sold in developing countries to complement continued breastfeeding. Such complementary food (CF) products have known efficacy against malnutrition in children from 6 to 24 months of age, but ingredient ratios and production processes may vary. This study provides the first systematic measurement of their actual nutrient composition. We purchased samples of 108 premixed CF products in 22 low‐ and middle‐income countries, and commissioned blind laboratory measurement of each product's macronutrients and micronutrients. We compared measured contents to nutrient claims on their packaging and to CF standards from the Codex Alimentarius, the Super Cereal Plus product used in nutrition assistance programs, and the Lutter and Dewey (2003) recommendations, as well as our own modeled nutrient requirements for a healthy breastfed child. Actual densities are significantly different from nutrient claims for protein (p = .013) and fat (p = .000). Only 15% of samples met two of the three benchmarks for fat, 32% met the most stringent protein standard, while only 22% met them for iron, and 21% for zinc. The median healthy child consuming breast milk plus enough of these solid foods to meet energy needs would experience deficits of zinc at 6 months, iron at 6 and 9 months, and dietary fat from 12 months of age. In summary, premixed CF products can provide adequate nutrient density but usually do not, revealing the need and opportunity for independent monitoring and quality assurance to help grain millers making premixed foods maintain uniform ingredient ratios and production practices.