bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MINIMIZE THE HYDROGENATION OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACID IN THE RUMEN WITH KAFFIR LIME (Citrus hystrix)
Authors: Tiven Nafly Comilo 
Published: August 2017

This research aimed to know the ability of citronella from C. hystrix to protect unsaturated fatty acid of Tropical cooking oil on the hydrogenation process by rumen microbes. The in vitro fermentation test used rumen fluid of local female sheeps as source of microbial, Tropical cooking oil as a source of unsaturated fatty acids and C. hystrix leaves as source of cironela. Tropical cooking oil was mixed with Preston skim milk (1:2). The mixture were added by C. hystrix leaves with the level of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% (dry weight bases) from the weight of the mixture, then mixed evenly into protected Tropical cooking oil. The data was analyzed by Completely Random Design. The difference of means the treatments were tested by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Result showed that oleic and linoleic resulting from fermenting Tropical cooking oil protected by citronela in C. hystrix was increase if it compare to unprotected. It can be concluded that Tropical cooking oil protected with citronelal C. hystrix was reduced hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid, mainly oleic and linoleic.
Correlations for Fluid Physical Property Prediction
Authors: Vazquez Milton , Beggs H. D. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Empirical correlations for approximating phase behavior and flow properties for hydrocarbon gas-oil systems are used in many procedures for design of petroleum production and reservoir engineering operations. In many cases, the accuracy of a complex design is seriously reduced by relying on outdated, inaccurate fluid property correlations for key parameters.
The scope of the proposed research consisted of developing new and improved correlations for the fluid properties: solution gas-oil ratio, fluid formation volume factor (below and above bubble point), and viscosity of oil (above bubble point), al functions of parameters measured in the field such as crude oil API gravity, gas specific gravity, reservoir temperature, and pressure.
The correlations were developed using data from laboratory fluid property analyses. Multiple regression analysis techniques were used to process and correlate the data. Statistical results of the newly developed correlations are presented.

Introduction
The evaluation of physical properties of hydrocarbons is one of the main concerns in the handling of the different stages of oilfield operations such as in the determination of pressure gradients occurring in multiphase fluid flow situations, the design of surface operation facilities, and in general, in the design of every piece of equipment involved in the production and transportation of crude oils. Some of these properties are: solution gas-oil ratio, oil formation volume factor, and oil viscosity. The solution gas-oil ratio is the amount gas in stru1dard cubic feet dissolved at a certain pressure and temperature per barrel of residual oil. The oil formation volume factor is the ratio of the amount of reservoir oil at a given pressure and temperature that would yield one barrel of oil at standard conditions (14.7 psia and 60°F).
Interaction of Genetics, Environment, and Management in Determining Soft Red Winter Wheat Yields
Authors: Russell Kathleen , Lee Chad , Van Sanford David 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
Reducing N rates did not have significantly reduce wheat yields.
Incremental application of N increased wheat yields over conventional application.
Earlier maturing wheat genotypes had greater postanthesis N uptake than later lines.
The complex interaction of genetics, environment, and management in determination of crop yields can interfere with selection progress in breeding programs. Specifically, the impact on selection for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in soft red winter (SRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can be confounded by these interactions. We utilized a multi‐environment trial in Lexington and Princeton, KY, from 2013 to 2015 to assess variation in traits associated with NUE based on interactions of genotype × environment × management (G×E×M). The NUE traits were measured on 10 genotypes under three management levels and four levels of N fertility. Genotype and genotype × environment interactions were significant for NUE traits (p< 0.001) but no genotype × N rate interactions were significant. Reduced N rates had no negative effect on grain yield for any genotype. Incremental application of N rates increased yield and postanthesis N uptake significantly. The utility of incorporating management treatments into breeding programs, specifically geared to low‐input systems, could help drive progress for development of increased NUE in wheat cultivars.
Irrigated Corn Productivity as Influenced by Nitrogen Source, Rate, and Climatic Conditions
Authors: Maharjan Bijesh , Ferguson Richard B. , Slater Glen P. 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
Polymer coated N fertilizer was effective in improving crop yields.
Chemical inhibitors used in the study was not effective in reducing environmental N losses.
Varieties of available different chemical inhibitors may act differently and need to be compared and contrasted.
Nitrogen fertilizer modifications such as coating or chemical additives are designed to either slow or inhibit N transformation, thereby to improve grain yield (GY) and reduce N losses. Effectiveness of these specialized products depend on various factors including climate. This field trial compared effects of various fertilizer modifications in irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) in loamy sand in Nebraska. Urea–ammonia–nitrate (UAN), UAN with 30% methylene–urea (UAN–MU), split‐applied UAN‐MU (UAN–MU–SP) and polymer‐coated urea (PCU) were evaluated in 2009. In 2010 and 2011, UAN with nitrapyrin (UAN–IN) and nutrisphere (UAN‐NS) and PCU were evaluated. The PCU treatment consistently improved GY compared to other N treatments in all 3 yr irrespective of inter‐annual climatic variations. In 2009, a dry year, UAN–MU and UAN were not different but UAN–MU–SP increased GY, grain and total N uptake (GNU, TNU) compared to UAN and UAN–MU. In dry (2009) and wet (2011) years, residual N did not differ by N rate while it was the greatest in the highest N rate in 2010, a normal year. The UAN–IN and UAN–NS improved GY, GNU, and TNU compared to UAN in 2010. These treatments performed as well or better than UAN, even when the UAN rate was higher. In 2011 that had high potential for N leaching, UAN–IN and UAN–NS did not increase GY compared to UAN. In extreme weather conditions, chemical additives failed to improve performance of UAN, when N was all applied after corn emergence.
Relating Macropore Flow to Soil Parametric and Morphological Variables
Authors: Karahan Gülay , Erşahin Sabit 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
A new parameter, “slope of macropore flow (s)”, was introduced
The parameter s allowed the identification of soil variables controlling macropore flow
Soil clay content was the key parameter controlling macropore flow
The parameter s may be used as a soil physical indicator in environmental studies
Preferential flow is an important soil hydraulic property as it controls water flow and solute transport in saturated and near‐saturated conditions. Preferential flow occurs in a small range of soil water potentials and soil structure predominantly controls soil water flow; it is thus challenging to model preferential flow using soil parametric variables. The aim of this study was to identify soil properties that affect macropore‐type preferential flow. Thirty undisturbed soil samples were collected from the topsoil of a paddy field and adjacent grassland, and hydraulic conductivity (K) was measured at saturation and near saturation at different tension (h) values. Soil parametric and morphological features were then recorded in the laboratory. To evaluate correlations between K(h) and different soil properties, the log‐log slope of K(h) at near saturation (s) was obtained for each sample by plotting logK versus logh. The values of s were then correlated with soil parametric and morphometric properties. Values of Ks ranged from 1.2 × 10−6 to 7.5 × 10−4 cm h−1 with a mean of 3.77 × 10−4 cm h−1 and standard deviation (SD) of 2.14 × 10−4 cm h−1. Application of 7 cm tension resulted in an approximately 80‐fold decrease in Ks. Values for s ranged from –3.64 to –0.98 with a mean of –2.32 and SD of 0.77. These results demonstrated that the soil clay content, cation exchange capacity, specific surface area, coefficient of linear extensibility, rupture resistance, and plasticity were negatively correlated with s, while BD, structure size, structure grade, pore number and pore size were positively correlated with s. A correlation analysis further revealed that soil clay content was the key variable controlling s in the studied soils. These findings suggest that s can be used as a physical soil indicator that links environmental impact, water, and solute dynamics in near‐saturated and saturated soils.
Coupling Stable Isotope Analysis with Gas Push‐Pull Tests to Derive In Situ Values for the Fractionation Factor αox Associated with the Microbial Oxidation of Methane in Soils
Authors: Gebert Julia , Streese-Kleeberg Jan 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas:
Methane CH4 isotopologue fraction was measured in situ for the first time.
αox varied strongly with oxidation rate.
αox varied between landfills and between individual points on the same landfill.
αox varied with spatial and temporal variability of soil properties.
Our findings limit application of stable isotopes for CH4 oxidation quantification.
A prerequisite for the application of stable isotope fractionation for the quantification of the methane (CH4) oxidation efficiency of landfill covers is that the fractionation factor αox is known or can be estimated with adequate accuracy. So far, αox has only been determined in laboratory experiments. In this study, αox was determined under in situ conditions in the field by coupling two independent methods, gas push‐pull tests and stable isotope analysis, to assess biological fractionation of CH4 isotopologues in landfill cover soils. On six landfills with nine points of investigation, 22 measurements were performed, covering a wide range of environmental conditions, such as soil temperature and moisture and observed oxidation rates. Values for αox varied between near 1, indicating little fractionation, and 1.151. Correlation of αox with the CH4 oxidation rate found by gas push‐pull tests revealed a clear asymptotic relationship, with low rates being associated with high values for αox and high rates resulting in little fractionation. Values for αox varied between the different landfills and between the individual points of investigation on the same landfill. The latter is assumed to reflect the spatial variability of methanotrophic activity due to spatial variability in soil moisture and hence air‐filled porosity as well as the spatial variability of gas fluxes. Significant variation of αox was observed for the same sampling point, presumably reflecting the temporal variability of factors influencing methanotrophic activity. These effects could include seasonally changing environmental conditions (e.g., soil temperature and moisture) but also the temporal variability of gas fluxes through the landfill soil cover, changing exposure of methanotrophs to CH4 and oxygen and hence their activity. The quantification of the CH4 oxidation efficiency using fractionation of stable isotopes is very sensitive to αox. Assuming a value constant in time and space and transferring this value from laboratory experiments to field settings entails significant uncertainty regarding the quantification of CH4 oxidation.
Uptake of Cd(II) Onto Raw Crab Shells: Isotherm, Kinetic, Adsorption Properties And Mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Chuanqiang , Gong Xiangxiang , Zhang Wen , Han Jie , Guo Rong , Zhu Aiping 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the uptake of cadmium (Cd(II)) ion from water onto raw crab shells acting as a biosorbent. Experimental data were perfectly fitted to the Langmuir and Dubinin‐Radushkevich models, while the uptake kinetics are well‐described using the pseudo‐second‐order model. The effects of experimental conditions on the uptake isotherms and kinetics are discussed in detail. A study of uptake thermodynamics has indicated that the Cd(II) uptake onto the crab shell is an endothermic and spontaneous process. For further understanding of this process, possible mechanisms of Cd(II) uptake onto crab shell have been deduced from experimental results. Desorption experiment shows that 93.7% of adsorbed Cd(II) could be recovered with a 0.1 M HNO3 solution. The inhibitory effects of other metal co‐ions on the Cd(II) uptake on the crab shell are also discussed.
POLA PELAKSANAAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER TERHADAP SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Murniyetti Murniyetti , Engkizar Engkizar , Anwar Fuady 
Published: August 2017

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pendidikan karakter terhadap siswa yangdilaksanakan oleh empat sekolah dasar berkategori unggul di Kota Padang Sumatera Barat. Penelitianmenggunakan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi kasus (qualitative case study design). Sumberdata penelitian diambil dari dua belas orang informan yang terdiri atas kepala sekolah, guru kelas,guru Pendidikan Agama Islam, guru seni dan guru olah raga yang dipilih dari empat sekolah dasartersebut menggunakan teknik purposive. Data penelitian diambil melalui wawancara secara mendalam(indepth interview) kepada seluruh informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat delapantema penting tentang pola pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter efektif yang dilaksanakan terhadap siswadi empat sekolah tersebut. Delapan tema tersebut dilaksanakan melalui: (1) materi pembelajaran; (2)aturan-aturan sekolah (disiplin, peduli lingkungan, tanggung jawab); (3) perlombaan sains antarsiswa(kreatif, gemar membaca, rasa ingin tahu); (4) ajang penghargaan siswa berprestasi (menghargai, kerja keras,demokratis, peduli); (5) peringatan hari kebangsaan (semangat kebangsaan, cinta terhadap tanah air,menghargai, peduli); (6) praktik ibadah dan bimbingan kerohanian (jujur, religius, tanggung jawab); (7)kegiatan pramuka (kreatif, peduli sosial, kerja keras, jujur, bersahabat, cinta damai demokratis); (8) adanyakelas talenta dan musik (kreatif dan bekerja keras, menghargai). Kata Kunci: pola, pendidikan karakter, siswa sekolah dasar PATTERNS OF CHARACTER EDUCATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS Abstract: This study aims to determine the pattern of character education to students conducted by asuperior category of four elementary schools in the city of Padang, West Sumatra. The study used aqualitative method through a case study approach. Sources of data were taken from twelve informantsconsisting of the principal, classroom teacher, a teacher of Islamic education, art teacher andsports teacher selected from four elementary schools using purposive technique. Data were takenthrough in-depth interviews (depth interview) to all informants. The results showed that there areeight important themes on the pattern of implementation of effective character education conductedon students in four schools. Eight themes are carried through: (1) the learning materials; (2) the schoolrules (discipline, care for the environment, responsibility); (3) competition between students of science(creative, fond of reading, curiosity); (4) awards outstanding students (respect, hard work, democratic,caring); (5) commemoration day of nationality (the national spirit, love of the homeland, respect, care);(6) the practice of worship and spiritual guidance (honest, religious, responsibility); (7) scouting(creative, social care, hard working, honest, friendly, peace-loving democratic); (8) their talents andmusic classes (creative and work hard, respect).Keywords: pattern, character education, primary school students
Perfil lipídico, antropométrico y condición física de estudiantes deportistas universitarios
Authors: García Cardona Diana María , Sánchez Muñoz Oscar Eduardo , Cabrera Arismendy Carlos Enrique , Restrepo Cortés Beatriz 
Published: August 2017

Introducción: Reconocer aspectos como perfil lipídico, composición corporal y composición física de los deportistas, puede evitar errores recurrentes en el entrenamiento deportivo. Objetivo: Establecer el perfil lipídico, antropométrico y de condición física de estudiantes pertenecientes a las selecciones deportivas de la Universidad del Quindío. Materiales y métodos: Se valoró a integrantes de 14 selecciones deportivas en sus medidas antropométricas acorde a los lineamientos de la International Society for the Avancement in Kineanthropometric (ISAK); para determinar fuerza, velocidad, resistencia y flexibilidad se aplicó diferentes test. Para establecer el perfil lipídico se utilizó kits comerciales. Resultados: La población presenta rangos normales de perfil lipídico. Respecto al perfil antropométrico, se encontró promedios de porcentaje graso sobre los considerados normales para deportistas, aunque corresponden a la normalidad de la población en general. A nivel condicional la flexibilidad fue la capacidad con promedios inferiores de los rangos considerados aceptables. Conclusión: Es necesario buscar estrategias que permitan mejorar aspectos como: niveles de porcentaje graso y flexibilidad, que en algunos participantes no están acorde con los rangos establecidos para deportistas de rendimiento.
A Live Simulation-Based Investigation: Interactions with Clients and Their Effect on Audit Judgment and Professional Skepticism
Authors: Eutsler Jared , Norris Anne E. , Trompeter Gregory M. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARY
Threats to professional skepticism are embedded in the social relationships and interactions between auditors and management. These can affect auditor skepticism and the extent of audit procedures performed. In this study, we conduct an experiment using live simulation to create a realistic audit setting to investigate the effect of these interactions on professional skepticism. Each participant (n = 49) completed a measure of trait skepticism and conducted an audit interview with a professional actor trained to play the role of a client controller. Findings indicate that, in general, participants who interview a friendly controller (rather than an intimidating controller) are less likely to determine questionable cash disbursements to be control exceptions and less likely to recommend more intensive follow-up. However, consistent with social psychology research on construct accessibility, planned contrasts indicate that participants who score low on trait skepticism are least likely to identify control exceptions and recommend more intensive follow-up when interviewing a friendly controller. This study advances research on professional skepticism by examining the impact that type of social interaction (friendly, intimidating) has on professional skepticism using a methodology (live simulation) that allows us to simulate a realistic audit environment. Use of this methodology increases external validity and generalizability of our findings. As a result, this study corroborates concerns that the social relationships/interactions between management and the auditor can be a threat to professional skepticism, and allows us to understand better how, when, and where these threats occur.
Two Short Case Studies in Staff Auditor and Student Ethical Decision Making
Authors: Cheng Christine , Flasher Renee 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Two cases help students identify the influence that self-interest can have on ethical decision making and encourage them to practice “giving voice to values.” The learning objectives are to: (1) increase student awareness of the role of ethical fading in unethical decision making; (2) develop critical-thinking skills for ethical decision making; and (3) practice applying moral imagination to resolve ethical dilemmas. Specifically, we designed these case scenarios to develop skills in recognizing and resolving ethical dilemmas. Post-case survey responses indicate that beyond meeting the learning objectives, students personally relate to the protagonists. The cases are appropriate for graduate or undergraduate accounting courses, including capstone accounting courses, in which ethics, auditing, forensic accounting, and/or the professional code of conduct are discussed. Implementation guidance and Teaching Notes are provided to aid instructors seeking to motivate in-class discussions of the current and future ethical decisions students may face.
Closed-Loop Control During Intense Prolonged Outdoor Exercise in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: The Artificial Pancreas Ski Study
Authors: Breton Marc D. , Cherñavvsky Daniel R. , Forlenza Gregory P. , DeBoer Mark D. , Robic Jessica , Wadwa R. Paul , Messer Laurel H. , Kovatchev Boris P. , Maahs David M. 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE
Intense exercise is a major challenge to the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Closed-loop control (CLC) systems (artificial pancreas) improve glycemic control during limited intensity and short duration of physical activity (PA). However, CLC has not been tested during extended vigorous outdoor exercise common among adolescents.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Skiing presents unique metabolic challenges: intense prolonged PA, cold, altitude, and stress/fear/excitement. In a randomized controlled trial, 32 adolescents with T1D (ages 10–16 years) participated in a 5-day ski camp (∼5 h skiing/day) at two sites: Wintergreen, VA, and Breckenridge, CO. Participants were randomized to the University of Virginia CLC system or remotely monitored sensor-augmented pump (RM-SAP). The CLC and RM-SAP groups were coarsely paired by age and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). All subjects were remotely monitored 24 h per day by the study physicians and clinical team.

RESULTS
Compared with physician-monitored open loop, percent time in range (70–180 mg/dL) improved using CLC: 71.3 vs. 64.7% (+6.6% [95% CI 1–12]; P = 0.005), with maximum effect late at night. Hypoglycemia exposure and carbohydrate treatments were improved overall (P = 0.001 and P = 0.007) and during the daytime with strong ski level effects (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.006); ski/snowboard proficiency was balanced between groups but with a very strong site effect: naive in Virginia and experienced in Colorado. There was no adverse event associated with CLC; the participants’ feedback was overwhelmingly positive.

CONCLUSIONS
CLC in adolescents with T1D improved glycemic control and reduced exposure to hypoglycemia during prolonged intensive winter sport activities, despite the added challenges of cold and altitude.
Normal, inflammation and necrosis pulp radiograph image using 3D cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Pramanik Farina , Firman Ria Noerianingsih , Oscandar Fahmi , Epsilawati Lusi 
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Abnormalities of the dental pulp can have several different diagnoses. Therefore, the dental pulp characteristics must be known in more detail and clear so that diagnosis be established more precisely and accurately. One characteristic of the pulp can be seen from the density value through the 3D Cone Beam Computed Tomography (3D CBCT). Methods: The study was conducted with a simple descriptive method. The population is all the data 3D CBCT of patients who visited the Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital (RSGM Unpad) in 2012. Samples of the research were 75 pulps with normal, inflammation, and necrosis conditions and calculate the average density value. Results: Density values for dental pulps in the normal teeth between 465 - 775 HU, the inflammation teeth between 243.5 - 396 HU, and necrosis teeth between - 461.5 - -170 HU. Conclusion: There are differences in dental pulp density between the normal pulp, inflammation and necrosis through 3D CBCT.
Ángel López, O. de M., El cancionero popular en el teatro de Tirso de Molina. Madrid, 1958; 137 pp. (EM, 14, pp. 707-843).
Authors: Frenk Alatorre Margit 
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: El cancionero popular en el teatro de Tirso de Molina.