bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and Effects of a Nursing Intervention for Patients with Peripheral Vestibular Disorders
Authors: Faag Carina , Bergenius Johan , Forsberg Christina , Langius-Eklöf Ann 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
To explore the feasibility and possible outcomes of a nursing intervention in patients with peripheral vestibular disorders.

Design:
A randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods:
Thirty-six patients participated in the study: the intervention group (n = 18), who received the intervention, and patients in a control group (n = 18), who received standard care. The intervention includes patient education and individualized nursing support during a 6-month rehabilitation period. Outcomes were symptoms, well-being, sense of coherence, and self-care measured at baseline before randomization and at 6 and 9 months later.

Findings:
At the 9-month follow up, the patients who received the intervention rated significantly fewer vertigo-related symptoms and a higher sense of coherence than the control group.

Conclusion:
The intervention was feasible and seems to support the patients to manage symptoms, but confirmative studies are warranted.

Clinical Relevance:
Patient education in combination with individual support may be beneficial to help patients with peripheral disorders during their rehabilitation.
Diurnal Variations in Psychological Distress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Chan-Thim Emilie , Dumont Marie , Rizk Amanda K. , Parwanta Zohra , Pepin Véronique , Moullec Grégory 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between depressive symptoms severity and amplitude of diurnal variations in depression symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Design:
Prospective, observational proof-of-concept study.

Methods:
Fourteen participants with moderate/severe COPD completed a 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) estimating depressive symptoms severity. Throughout one week, the four-item very short version of the CES-D was completed every day in the morning, afternoon, and evening.

Findings:
Strong positive correlations were observed between depressive severity and the mean range of diurnal variations in positive (r = .61) and depressed affects (r = .67), somatic complaints (r = .82), and disturbed interpersonal relationships (r = .71).

Conclusion:
In COPD patients, a greater diurnal variation in depression symptoms was associated with greater depression severity. This relationship seems independent of COPD severity.

Clinical Relevance:
Diurnal variation in the symptoms of depression is a new method of identifying depression severity in COPD.
Security bootstrapping of mobile ad hoc networks using identity‐based cryptography
Authors: Adli Mehr Kamal , Musevi Niya Javad 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWidespread utilization of mobile ad hoc networks, which communicate via broadcast wireless channels without any sort of infrastructure, raises security concerns. Introduction of identity‐based cryptography shed some light to security problems of mobile ad hoc networks. Key management (KM) plays significant role in network security. Although many proposals are suggested for identity‐based KM, they usually assume a trusted set of nodes during network initialization, which is not the case in many real‐world applications. In this paper, a novel identity‐based KM method is proposed, which utilizes Pedersen's verifiable secret sharing method. By distributing shared secret and key generation role among network nodes, the proposed method provides high levels of availability and scalability, while eliminating single point of failure. The proposed method provides a mechanism to check the validity of secret shares, which are generated by network nodes. To illustrate the effectiveness and capabilities of the proposed methods, they are simulated and compared with the performance of the existing methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detecting JitterBug covert timing channel with sparse embedding
Authors: Zhai Jiangtao , Wang Mingqian , Liu Guangjie , Dai Yuewei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAs the detection methods of covert channels can provide a better way to detect the existence of advanced persistent threat, it has become a hot research topic in the field of network security. Although the existing methods can achieve feasible performance for detecting the JitterBug covert timing channel, they are ineffective when the covert timing channels are implemented with sparse embedding, especially for low embedding probability. In this paper, a new method to detect JitterBug covert timing channel with sparse embedding is proposed, in which the timing intervals are first modeled in histogram statistics, and then the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic is used for detection. In addition, the diversifications of the references and the model updating scheme in practical usage are analyzed. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective when the embedding probability is 0.3, while the existing methods can effective only when the embedding probability is larger than 0.6. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite element analysis of extended stiffened end plate link‐to‐column connections
Authors: Pirmoz Akbar , Ahadi Parviz , Farajkhah Vahid 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe applicability of extended stiffened end plate (ESEP) connections used as link‐to‐column connections in eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) with long (flexural yielding) links is examined in this paper. A finite element method (FEM) is used for this purpose, based on a validated parametric FE benchmark. Analysing the numerical model of an ESEP connection designed to the recent seismic design rules for special moment frames reveals that the link‐to‐column connections of EBFs sustain more severe conditions than the moment connections of moment‐resisting systems. The design approach implemented is examined and the results are discussed. The results demonstrate that ESEP connections can be used as a successful alternative for the link‐to‐column connections of EBFs and the system with this type of connection can achieve the required rotations for long or flexural links.
Deformations of the steel shell of a vertical cylindrical tank caused by underpressure
Authors: Ziółko Jerzy , Mikulski Tomasz , Supernak Ewa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUnderpressure in a tank with a fixed roof may arise in the final stage of its construction as well as during its usage. After completing the construction, when the tank is empty and all manholes and valves, through which air could get into the tank, are tightly closed, underpressure may arise in the case of a sudden change in the weather (air pressure and temperature), which is particularly dangerous in spring or summer. When the tank is in use, underpressure may arise if breather valves are obstructed, e.g. covered by snow during pumping out a product stored in the tank. Underpressure may cause extensive deformations of the shell or the roof of the tank. However, the shell undergoes deformation more frequently, since the roof has a stiff supporting structure.This article presents stages of deformations of the tank shell and their development from the occurrence of the first deformation to either removal of the causes of underpressure or cracking of the steel shell and thus automatic equalization of pressure inside the tank with atmospheric pressure.
Determination of Bile Acids in Piglet Bile by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography‐Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mi Si , Lim David W. , Turner Justine M. , Wales Paul W. , Curtis Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn LC/MS/MS‐based method was developed for the determination of individual bile acids (BA) and their conjugates in porcine bile samples. The C18‐based solid‐phase extraction (SPE) procedure was optimized so that all 19 target BA and their glycine and taurine conjugates were collected with high recoveries for standards (89.1–100.2 %). Following this, all 19 compounds were separated and quantified in a single 12 min chromatographic run. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and recovery. An LOD in the low ppb range with measured precisions in the range of 0.5–9.3 % was achieved. The recoveries for all of the 19 analytes in bile samples were all >80 %. The validated method was successfully applied to the profiling of BA and their conjugates in the bile from piglets treated with exogenous glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2) in a preclinical model of neonatal parenteral nutrition‐associated liver disease (PNALD). The method developed is rapid and could be easily implemented for routine analysis of BA and their conjugates in other biofluids or tissues.
A Review on Frying: Procedure, Fat, Deterioration Progress and Health Hazards
Authors: Hosseini Hamed , Ghorbani Mohammad , Meshginfar Nasim , Mahoonak Alireza Sadeghi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFor decades, frying has been a popular technique for the preparation of foods, both on domestic and industrial scales. The effects of edible oil type and frying operation conditions on the shelf‐life of fried products, the deterioration progress and the health hazards of fried foods have been studied by various researchers. To achieve a clear conception of the present situation, a collection of the results obtained from previous studies about product deterioration and safety issues due to the frying process, along with related tables, are of prime importance. According to the studies, it can be concluded that a vacuum, oil replenishment, frying temperature, and time of process are the most important parameters affecting the quality of oils and fried products; hence, by controlling them, it is possible to prevent the formation of toxic compounds and loss of nutritional components to a considerable extent during frying operation. Furthermore, according to recent studies indicating significant formation of toxic compounds before the chemical indices of the oil reach the disposal point, more studies are needed to determine whether they are formed at levels that compromise safety and affect consumers’ sensory perception before the established discard points.
Comparing two versions of the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS)
Authors: Miley Anna Åkerstedt , Kecklund Göran , Åkerstedt Torbjörn 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) is frequently used to study sleepiness in various contexts. However, it exists in two versions, one with labels on every other step (version A), and one with labels on every step (version B) on the 9-point scale. To date, there are no studies examining whether these versions can be used interchangeably. The two versions were here compared in a 24 hr wakefulness study of 12 adults. KSS ratings were obtained every hour, alternating version A and B. Results indicated that the two versions are highly correlated, do not have different response distributions on labeled and unlabeled steps, and that the distributions across all steps have a high level of correspondence (Kappa = 0.73). It was concluded that the two versions are quite similar.
Patients with cancer at the margins of reproductive age had reduced levels of anti‐Müllerian hormone compared with patients experiencing infertility
Authors: Naasan Mashhour , Harrity Conor , Rajab Hassan , Ranisavljevic Noemi , Khalid Srwa , Mocanu Edgar 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the ovarian reserves between female patients with cancer and patients experiencing infertility.MethodsA retrospective age‐matched observational study was performed at Rotunda Hospital, Dublin. The study group included data from all female oncology patients attending for oocyte or embryo cryopreservation between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2013. Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were recorded at patients' initial visits before beginning chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The control group included patients without cancer who had their AMH levels recorded to investigate fertility or as a baseline level prior to beginning assisted reproductive treatment.ResultsThe records of 118 oncology and 5231 control patients from the study period were identified. There was no difference in AMH levels between patients in the oncology and control groups aged 30–38 years; however, significantly lower AMH levels were observed in patients in the oncology group aged 29 years and younger (17.89 pmol/L vs 23.35 pmol/L; P = 0.015), or at least 39 years (2.65 pmol/L vs 5.87 pmol/L; P = 0.028).ConclusionBefore commencing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, patients in the oncology group at the margins of reproductive age had a diminished ovarian reserve compared with the control group. This should be considered when planning optimal doses of follicular stimulating hormone as part of controlled ovarian‐stimulation regimes performed for embryo or oocyte cryopreservation prior to chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
The Strategic Use of Human Rights Treaties in Hong Kong’s Cage-Home Crisis: No Way Out?
Authors: MARSH Luke 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUsing a socioeconomic rights framework, this article will evaluate government policy relating to housing welfare in Hong Kong. In particular, it will explore the alarming plight of cage tenants in Hong Kong, a highly marginalized group estimated to be as many as 200,000 in number, who live day to day in cramped, dank dwellings averaging 15 square feet in size. It will argue that current government policies are incompatible with the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). It will further look at strategies for domesticating these international human rights treaties. In doing so, this article will contribute to the ongoing debate concerning the legal nature of socioeconomic rights.
Challenges of Integrating Tobacco Cessation Interventions in TB Programmes: Case Studies from Nepal and Pakistan
Authors: Dogar Omara , Elsey Helen , Khanal Sudeepa , Siddiqi Kamran 
Published: February 2016

Introduction: Offering tobacco cessation interventions to TB patients is highly desirable due to the interaction between TB and tobacco use and the potential benefits of quitting. However, implementing such interventions in TB programmes remains a challenge and an under-researched area. Using two initiatives to implement tobacco cessation within TB programmes in Nepal and Pakistan as case studies, we describe these challenges and highlight lessons learnt in the process.Methods: We first conducted a documentary review of all published and unpublished reports of the two initiatives including relevant qualitative and quantitative data and its’ analyses. We then analysed this information using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) under the five domains of implementation: intervention characteristics, outer settings, inner settings, participant characteristics and the process of implementation.Findings: We faced a number of challenges in implementing tobacco cessation within TB programmes both in Nepal and in Pakistan. These included: doubts about the contextual relevance of the intervention, environments conducive to smoking and political inertia for a cultural shift, service providers’ workload, priorities, and their motivation and capacity to deliver tobacco cessation, and inadequate training and support during implementation. We learned that by adapting intervention to the local context, securing mandate from higher authorities, aligning tasks to service providers’ roles and receptivity, building capacity through adequate training and providing support, monitoring and feedback during implementation can help in integrating tobacco cessation within TB programmes.Conclusions: Lessons from existing studies can help TB programmes in implementing tobacco cessation interventions and enable greater integration and sustainability of cessation services within routine TB care.
The anthelmintic effects of the ethanol extract ofTerminalia catappaL. leaves against the ruminant gut parasite,Fischoederius cobboldi
Authors: ANURACPREEDA PANAT , CHANKAEW KANOKWAN , PUTTARAK PANUPONG , KOEDRITH PREEYAPORN , CHAWENGKIRTTIKUL RUNGLAWAN , PANYARACHUN BUSABA , NGAMNIYOM ARIN , CHANCHAI SUMALEE , SOBHON PRASERT 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYPresently, no effective anthelmintic drugs have been used to treat and control paramphistomosis, a severe disease of ruminants. In this study, we have investigated thein vitroanthelmintic effect of the leaves ofTerminalia catappaL. crude extract (TcCE) and albendazole (ABZ) on adultFischoederius cobboldiafter incubating the flukes in RPMI-1640 medium containing the TcCE at various doses and times. The TcCE-treated flukes at all dosages exhibited rapid decrease of motility, and the relative motility (RM) values were decreased sharply from start to 3 h. Worms were killed after 6 and 12 h of treatment with 1000, 1500 and 2000µg mL−1as well as 500µg mL−1of TcCE, respectively. By light microscopy examination, the flukes exhibited the earliest alteration in a limited area of the tegument. At scanning electron microscopy level, the flukes’ tegument showed similar sequence of morphological alterations after treatment with ABZ and TcCE that consisted of swelling of ridges and folds, followed by blebbing and rupturing of the blebs, leading to the erosion, lesion and disruption of the tegument. Hence,in vivostudies should be performed to examine whether the TcCE may serve as a powerful anthelmintic drug for treatment of paramphistomosis.
CHALLENGES FACED IN TRANSFERRING ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS TO MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
Authors: Drummond Michael , Augustovski Federico , Kaló Zoltán , Yang Bong-Min , Pichon-Riviere Andres , Bae Eun-Young , Kamal-Bahl Sachin 
Published: February 2016

Background: Decision makers in middle-income countries are using economic evaluations (EEs) in pricing and reimbursement decisions for pharmaceuticals. However, whilst many of these jurisdictions have local submission guidelines and local expertise, the studies themselves often use economic models developed elsewhere and elements of data from countries other than the jurisdiction concerned. The objectives of this study were to describe the current situation and to assess the challenges faced by decision makers in transferring data and analyses from other jurisdictions.Methods: Experienced health service researchers in each region conducted an interview survey of representatives of decision making bodies from jurisdictions in Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and Latin America that had at least 1 year's experience of using EEs.Results: Representatives of the relevant organizations in twelve countries were interviewed. All twelve jurisdictions had developed official guidelines for the conduct of EEs. All but one of the organizations evaluated studies submitted to them, but 9 also conducted studies and 7 commissioned them. Nine of the organizations stated that, in evaluating EEs submitted to them, they had consulted a study performed in a different jurisdiction. Data on relevant treatment effect was generally considered more transferable than those on prices/unit costs. Views on the transferability of epidemiological data, data on resource use and health state preference values were more mixed. Eight of the respondents stated that analyses submitted to them had used models developed in other jurisdictions. Four of the organizations had a policy requiring models to be adapted to reflect local circumstances. The main obstacles to transferring EEs were the different patterns of care or wealth of the developed countries from which most economic evaluations originate.Conclusions: In middle-income countries it is commonplace to deal with the issue of transferring analyses or data from other jurisdictions. Decision makers in these countries face several challenges, mainly due to differences in current standard of care, practice patterns, or gross domestic product between the developed countries where the majority of the studies are conducted and their own jurisdiction
The Law of Self-Defence and the New Argumentative Landscape on the Expansionists’ Side
Authors: VAN STEENBERGHE RAPHAËL 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecent developments in legal scholarship evidence that the orthodoxy on the law on the use of force has dramatically switched from a restrictivist to an expansionist perspective. This article seeks to analyse this recent shift, especially with respect to the law of self-defence, from an expansionist point of view. Its purpose is to examine the argumentative landscape which currently exists on the expansionists’ side about that law. It observes that such argumentative landscape has significantly changed, as expansionists tend to pay less attention to the traditional arguments based on state practice and increasingly rely on policy considerations in order to strengthen and to go deeper in their wide conception of the law of self-defence. It calls into question such increasing recourse to policy oriented arguments and argues that those arguments cannot justify alone any evolution of the law of self-defence, while emphasizing that state practice remains central in that respect and explaining the different ways through which this practice may play such a role.
Customary Constraints on the Use of Force: Article 51 with an American Accent
Authors: BANKS WILLIAM C. , CRIDDLE EVAN J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article, prepared for the symposium on ‘The Future of Restrictivist Scholarship on the Use of Force’, examines the current trajectory of restrictivist scholarship in the United States. In contrast to their counterparts in continental Europe, American restrictivists tend to devote less energy to defending narrow constructions of the UN Charter. Instead, they generally focus on legal constraints outside the Charter's text, including customary norms and general principles of law such as necessity, proportionality, deliberative rationality, and robust evidentiary burdens. The article considers how these features of the American restrictivist tradition reflect distinctive characteristics of American legal culture, and it explores the tradition's influence on debates over anticipatory self-defense and the use of force against non-state actors abroad. The article concludes by examining how the American restrictivist tradition is beginning to shape the United States’ approach to the use of force in response to cyber attacks.
Concerning Violence: A Post-Colonial Reading of the Debate on the Use of Force
Authors: MARTINEAU ANNE-CHARLOTTE 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article examines the debate on the use of force ‘from the periphery’, both in the geographical sense and outside the mainstream discourse. It offers an alternative reading of the evolution of the law on the use of force, starting not with the end of the Cold War, but with the process of decolonization. My argument is that this reading is missing from the debate framed as an opposition between a restrictivist and an expansionist camp. Yet it is crucial if one wants to understand the normative pull that is left of legal concepts such as non-intervention, aggression, and self-determination.