bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivariate Analysis Using Advanced Probabilistic Techniques for Completion Design Optimization
Authors: Groulx Bertrand , Gouveia Jim , Chenery Don 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Efforts to identify optimal completion technology and design parameters are complicated by the compounding impacts of broad statistical variability in operations, reservoir/fluid and completion/wellbore design. There are several analysis approaches available to identify and optimize key completion design parameters. Each approach offers limited insight on its own, but combining a set of approaches into a disciplined methodology can collectively present a unique understanding of optimal completion technology and design. Traditional parallel coordinates visualizations offer strong visual cues of correlations, but in datasets with broad statistical variability they often convey a lack of correlation and fail to distinguish statistical trends. Statistical methods are unique in their ability to provide insights into non-continuous correlations where upper and lower thresholds exist; however, they are not effective at providing a deterministic measure of an individual input's effect on an outcome. Modelling and regression analysis can provide a means to measure the effect of several input variables on an outcome, but lack transparency and are often perceived as a "black box" solution with outcomes that have limited supporting evidence, or supporting evidence that is difficult to understand.
We demonstrate a robust multivariate analysis methodology using a hybrid approach involving the principles of parallel coordinates, dimensional normalization and advanced probabilistic techniques. One of the benefits of this approach is that it can yield statistically significant insights on sample sets as small as 80 wells. The methodology involves six steps that offer transparency to the analysis and facilitate a narrative of understanding: Selection of a performance measure setAnalogue well selectionSelection of numerical completion design input parametersParallel Coordinates Distributions: input parameter impact analysisEvaluation of analogue fitness and subset selectionInput Optimization Distributions: input optimization process
We found that the use of consistent dimensional normalization on both inputs and outcomes better isolates the impact of an input parameter. The shape and position of parallel coordinates distributions can illustrate nuances of impact that are lost in other multivariate approaches.
In this paper we apply and test this methodology on three major resource plays in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin: a gas play, a liquids-rich gas play and an oil play.
Fracture Network Characterization by Analyzing Flowback Salts: Scale-Up of Experimental Data
Authors: Zolfaghari Ashkan , Tang Yingzhe , He Jia , Dehghanpour Hassan , Bearinger Doug , Virues Claudio 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
As observed in many shale-gas plays, the produced flowback water is highly saline and the salt concentration increases with time. Several past studies investigated water-rock interactions to interpret flowback chemical data, evaluate reservoir performance, and investigate the environmental impacts of fracturing operations. In this study, we measure the total ion produced (TIP) during flowback process for two wells completed in the Horn River Basin. We also conduct two sets of imbibition experiments to investigate the effects of water-rock surface area (As) and rock volume (Vs) on the TIP in laboratory. Furthermore, we compare the experimental correlations between As - TIP and Vs - TIP with the TIP measured in the field flowback water to estimate fracture surface area (AFrac) and invaded reservoir volume (IRV).
In order to investigate the effect of As on the TIP, we conduct a series of imbibition experiments using shale samples of different As but similar Vs at constant temperature. The experiments are performed at T = 23, 45, and 65°C to investigate the temperature effect on the TIP. The experimental correlation between TIP and As at constant temperature is applied to estimate AFrac using field data of TIP. We further utilize AFrac - T correlation to extrapolate AFrac at reservoir temperature. In order to evaluate the estimated AFrac values we also calculate AFrac by rate-transient-analysis (RTA). In order to investigate the effect of Vs on the TIP, we conduct a series of imbibition experiments using shale samples of different Vs but similar As at constant temperature. Experimental results indicate that the TIP increases with both As and temperature. The calculated AFrac value at reservoir temperature is approximately 106m2 for both target wells. These results are in agreement with RTA calculation of AFrac values for both target wells (≈ 106m2). Our estimated values of AFrac are also in agreement with the field data of water recovery. The well with higher estimated value of AFrac has lower water recovery in the field as opposed to the well with lower estimated value of AFrac and higher water recovery in the field. Additionally, the estimated IRV is approximately 105 - 106m3 for both target wells. Our estimated values of IRV are also in agreement with the field data of water recovery and experimental results of water uptake. The well with higher estimated value of IRV has higher water uptake during imbibition experiments and also higher leak-off rate in the field. In contrast, the well with lower estimated value of IRV has lower water uptake during imbibition experiments and also lower leak-off rate in the field.
Bayesian History-Matching and Probabilistic Forecasting for Tight and Shale Wells
Authors: Hamdi Hamidreza , Sousa Mario Costa , Behmanesh Hamid 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The fracturing of horizontal wells is a recently developed tool to help enable tight and shale formations to produce economically. Production data analysis of the wells in such formations is frequently performed using analytical and semi-analytical methods. However, in the presence of nonlinearities such as multi-phase flow and geomechanical effects, the numerical simulations are necessary for interpretations and history-matching techniques as they are required for model calibration.
Reservoir history-matching techniques are usually based on the frequentist approach and can provide a single solution that can maximize the Likelihood function. Production forecasts using a single calibrated model cannot honor the uncertainty in the model parameters. Therefore, a Bayesian approach is suggested where we can combine our prior knowledge about the model parameters together with the Likelihood to update our knowledge in light of the data. The Bayesian approach is enriched by applying a Markov chain Monte Carlo process to updated the prior knowledge and approximate the posterior distributions.
In this paper, a one-year production data of a real gas condensate well in a Canadian tight formation (lower Montney Formation) is considered. This is a horizontal well with eight fracture stages. A representative 2D model is constructed which is characterized by 17 parameters which include relative permeability curves, capillary pressure, geomechanical effects, fracture half-length, fracture conductivity, and permeability and water saturation in the stimulated region and the matrix. Careful analysis of available data provide acceptable prior ranges for the model parameters using non-informative uniform distributions. Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is implemented using a Gibbs sampler and the posterior distributions are found. The results provide an acceptable set of models that can represent the production history data. Using these distributions, a probabilistic forecast is performed and P10, P50 and P90 are estimated.
This paper highlights the limitations of the current history-matching approaches and provides a novel workflow on how to quantify the uncertainty for the shale and tight formations using numerical simulations to provide reliable probabilistic forecasts.
PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN IPA BERBASIS INKUIRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS DAN SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE SISWA
Authors: Uswatun Din Azwar , Rohaeti Eli 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan kelayakan perangkat pembelajaran IPA berbasis inkuiri berdasarkan hasil penilaian dosen ahli dan guru IPA, dan (2) mengukur keefektifan perangkat pembelajaran IPA berbasis inkuiri dalam meningkatkan critical thinking skills dan scientific attitude siswa SMP. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah research and development (R&D) yang mengadaptasi model penelitian pengembangan Borg & Gall. Subjek uji coba produk terdiri atas 34 siswa kelas VII SMPN 14 Yogyakarta dan 52 siswa SMPN 1 Piyungan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi, angket, dan tes. Data dikumpulkan melalui pedoman wawancara, lembar observasi, lembar angket, dan soal tes. Data kelayakan perangkat pembelajaran dianalisis dengan menggunakan konversi skor skala 4. Keefektifan perangkat pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan critical thinking skills dan scientific attitude siswa dianalisis dengan multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) dan gain score. Hasil validasi dan uji coba produk menunjukkan bahwa (1) perangkat pembelajaran IPA layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran dan (2) efektif dalam meningkatkan critical thinking skills dan scientific attitude siswa. Kata Kunci: perangkat pembelajaran IPA, inkuiri, critical thinking skills, scientific attitude AN INQUIRY-BASED NATURAL SCIENCE TEACHING PACKAGE TO IMPROVE STUDENT’S CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AND SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE Abstract The objectives of this study are (1) to explain the validity of an inquiry-based natural science teaching package and (2) to measure the effectiveness of an inquiry-based natural science teaching package to improve junior high school student’s critical thinking skills and scientific attitude. The method of this study was research and development (R & D) adapted from the development model by Borg & Gall. The product testing subjects consisted of 34 students of SMPN 14 Yogyakarta and 52 students of SMPN 1 Piyungan. The data collection techniques were interviews, questionnaires, observation, and tests. The data were collected using an interview guide, validation questionnaire sheet, readability questionnaire worksheet, pretestt-posttest questions, project assessment sheet, questionnaires, and an observation sheet. The validity of the teaching package was analyzed by converting four scales. The effectiveness of the teaching package to improve student’s critical thinking skills and scientific attitude was analyzed through the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and gain score. The result of the validation and the product testing indicated that the teaching package (1) can be used in the natural science teaching and (2) can improve students’ critical thinking skills and scientific attitude effectively. Keywords: natural science teaching package, inquiry, critical thinking skills, scientific attitude
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU PEDOMAN GURU PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA SMA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROBLEM SOLVING LEVEL INKUIRI
Authors: Setiyawati Susi Fatikhah , Kuswanto Heru 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menghasilkan buku pedoman guru untuk pembelajaran fisika SMA menggunakan model problem solving sesuai level inkuiri yang layak digunakan; (2) mendeskripsikan keberhasilan pembelajaran fisika menggunakan model problem solving (MPS) sesuai dengan level inkuiri sesuai dengan buku pedoman terhadap peningkatan aktivitas peserta didik dan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan, sesuai langkah yang dikembangkan oleh Borg & Gall. Subjek coba menggunakan delapan kelas. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket respon peserta didik, lembar observasi keterlaksanaan proses pembelajaran, lembar observasi aktivitas belajar dan tes kemampuan berfikir kritis peserta didik. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji multivariat (Manova). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk yang dikembangkan ditinjau dari aspek materi, petunjuk umum buku, RPP & LKPD, dan perangkat penilaiam pembelajaran menurut ahli materi dan ahli media berkategori baik dan terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan berfikir kritis dan aktivitas belajar peserta didik yang signifikan antara keenam level inkuiri yang diujicobakan. Kata Kunci: model problem solving, level inkuiri, kemampuan berfikir kritis, aktivitas belajar DEVELOPING A HANDBOOK FOR TEACHER IN TEACHERS HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL PHYSICS USE THE MODEL OF PROBLEM SOLVING LEVEL OF INQUIRY Abstract This study aims to: (1) to produce a handbook for teachers high school level physics use a model of problem solving with level of inquiry fit for use; (2) to determine the successful learning of physics using a model of problem solving in accordance with the level of inquiry to increase learning activities of learners and critical thinking abilities of learners. This research is the development, which refers to measures developed by Borg & Gall. The subject try consists of eight classes. Data collection using the questionnaire responses of learners, observation sheets learning process, observation sheet activities and critical thinking ability test learners. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis (Manova). The results showed that the product is developed in terms of material aspects, the general guide book, subject specific paedagogy, students worksheet and the evaluation of learning by material experts and media experts categorized good and differences in the increase in critical thinking skills and learning activities of learners between the significant and simultaneous kenam inquiry levels tested. Keywords: model of problem solving, level of inquiry, activity of learners, critical thinking abilities
Pengaruh model PBT terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa SMAN 2 Magelang
Authors: Muskitta Marike , Djukri Djukri 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran berdasarkan masalah terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan pengaruh model pembelajaran berdasarkan masalah terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa pada materi pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 2 Magelang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan desain nonrandomized control group pretest-posttest. Analisis data menggunakan uji t. Hasil perhitungan perbedaan rata-rata posttest pada kedua kelompok untuk kemampuan berpikir kritis menunjukkan nilai hitung sebesar 2,45 dan ttabel dengan signifikasi 0,05% dengan dk 62 = 2,00 sedangkan untuk kemampuan berpikir kreatif menunjukkan nilai hitung sebesar 3,43 dan ttabel dengan signifikansi 0,05% dengan dk 62 = 2,00. Hasil perhitungan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa thitung > ttabel. Hal ini berarti hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima dan hipotesis nol (H0) ditolak. Dengan demikian, terdapat pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran berdasarkan masalah terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan terdapat pengaruh model Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Masalah terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa pada konsep pencemaran lingkungan.Kata Kunci: penggunaan model pembelajaran berdasarkan masalah, kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kemampuan berpikir kreatif. The Effect of the Problem-Based Teaching Model on the Critical Thinking Skills and Creative Thinking Skills of the Students of SMA AbstractThis study aimed to determine the effect of the use of problem-based teaching model on the critical thinking skills and effect of the use of problem-based teaching model on the creative thinking skills of students on environmental pollution materials. The research was conducted at SMAN 2 Magelang. The research method used was a quasi-experimental design with nonrandomized control group pretest-posttest. The data analysis used the t test. The result of the calculation of the posttest average of the difference between the two groups for critical thinking skills shows the calculated value of 2.45 and ttable with the significance level of 0.05% with 62 df = 2.00, while for the ability to think creatively the calculated value of 3.43 shows the ttable with the significance level of 0.05% with 62 df = 2.00. This shows that t > ttable. This means that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. Thus, there is an effect of the use of problem-based teaching model on the critical and creative thinking skills of the students on the concept of environmental pollution.Keywords: use of problem-based teaching model, critical and creative thinking skills.
Фармакогенетичні аспекти дії метформіну у хворих на цукровий діабет 2-го типу
Authors: Pasechko N.V. , Oleshchuk O.M. , Loi G.Ya. 
Published: February 2017

Цукровий діабет (ЦД) 2-го типу — повільно прогресуюче полігенне захворювання, що характеризується порушенням обміну речовин у результаті неефективності дії інсуліну в організмі. Метою лікування ЦД 2-го типу є мінімізація віддалених мікро- та макросудинних ускладнень шляхом покращання глікемічного контролю. Метформін залишається препаратом першої лінії для лікування ЦД 2-го типу і є одним із лікарських засобів, що найчастіше призначають пацієнтам у світі. Проте не у всіх випадках лікування метформіном є ефективним. У частини хворих при застосуванні метформіну рівень глюкози залишається високим, виникають серйозні побічні реакції. Така мінливість терапевтичної відповіді на метформін зумовлена поліморфізмом у генах, що кодують рецептори, транспортери і ферменти, відповідальні за його фармакокінетику. Наприклад, генетичні варіанти solute carrier transporters (SLC22A1–3, SLC47A1 і SLC47A2) значною мірою впливають на глікемічний контроль при лікуванні метформіном.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION STUDY FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF GENOTOXIC IMPURITY AND ITS PRECURSOR IN FLUCONAZOLE SAMPLE BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Rao K L. Narasimha , Devanna N. , Reddy K.v.n. Suresh 
Published: February 2017

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this work is method development and validation study for quantitative determination of 1-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2,3-epoxypropyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole, a genotoxic impurity and its precursor in a fluconazole drug sample by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>LC-MS/MS analysis of these impurities was performed on Hypersil BDS C18 (100 mm x 4.0 mm, 3 µm) column. 5 mmol ammonium acetate and acetonitrile in the ratio of 65:35 (v/v) was used as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. The developed method was accomplished with a short run time of 10 min. Triple quadrupole mass detector coupled with positive electrospray ionization was used for the quantification of genotoxic impurities in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The method was linear in the range of 0.30 µg/g to 11.37 µg/g for impurity A and 0.30 µg/g to 11.34 µg/g for impurity B with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The accuracy of the method was in the range of 98.25 % to 100.53 % for both impurities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A specific, selective, highly sensitive and more accurate analytical method using LC-MS/MS coupled with positive electrospray ionization has been developed for the quantification of genotoxic impurity (1-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2,3-epoxypropyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole) and its precursor (1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-ethanone) at 0.3 µg/g with respect to the 5.0 mg/ml of fluconazole.</p>
EFFECT OF ROTATORY VESTIBULAR STIMULATION ON LEARNING AND MEMORY IN RATS-STANDARDIZATION OF A NOVEL METHOD
Authors: P. Devi N. , Mukkadan J. K. 
Published: February 2017

<p><strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>To find out the effect of rotatory vestibular stimulation in cognition in rats through examining the behavioural patterns, the alterations in dendritic arborization and changes in AChE activity.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:<strong> </strong>Rotatory vestibular stimulation was provided in a rotatory vestibular apparatus at a rate of 50 rpm for 5 min, for 30 d for rats. 0.3 mg/kg of physostigmine also administered to rats of another group as a standard drug. No rotatory vestibular stimulation or physostigmine is provided to the control rats. Behavioural analysis, Neuromorphological and biochemical studies were done after vestibular stimulation.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>:<strong> </strong>No. of trails for acquisition and retention reduced significantly in treated rats when compared with the control rats. In all the treated rats the dendritic arborization increased significantly, and activity of AChE decreased significantly when compare with the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:<strong> </strong>Rotatory vestibular stimulation enhances learning and memory <em>via</em> increasing dendritic arborization and inhibiting acetyl-cholinesterase activity in rats. </p>
PHYTOHORMONE INDUCED CHANGES ON BONE HISTOLOGY IN NORMAL AND DIABETIC MALE RAT
Authors: Athithan Velan , Srikumar Kotteazeth 
Published: February 2017

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the effect of brasslinolide keto isoform 28-homocastasterone in diabetic male rat bone marrow cells, bone histological changes, electrolytes and alkaline phosphatase activity in rat blood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Diabetes was induced in the group (n=6) of rats with a single peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg bwt). With a treatment schedule of 15 consecutive days, control (n=6) and diabetic rats received 666µg/kg bwt of 28-homocastasterone. Circulating blood cell count, cell indices, bone marrow cells, bone histology, electrolytes Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, P, Ca<sup>2+</sup>and alkaline phosphatase activity was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cytological examination showed an increased erythrocyte progenitor and megakaryocyte cell lineage along with improved osteoblastic and bone histomorphology in the treated group was noted. A significant reduction in electrolytes level (p&lt;0.05) and increased in alkaline phosphatase activity (p&lt;0.05) was noted in treated groups.</p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is suggested that brassinosteroid keto isoform 28-homocastasterone exhibits a hematopoietic effect in diabetic rat and improves bone histology while reducing hyperglycemic damage in bone.<p> </p>