bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative Polyadenylation Directs Tissue-Specific miRNA Targeting in Caenorhabditis elegans Somatic Tissues
Authors: Blazie Stephen M , Geissel Heather C , Wilky Henry , Joshi Rajan , Newbern Jason , Mangone Marco 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is observed in virtually all metazoans and results in mRNA isoforms with different 3’ends. It is routinely...
mRNA expression dynamics promote and maintain the identity of somatic tissues in living organisms; however, their impact in post-transcriptional gene regulation in these processes is not fully understood. Here, we applied the PAT-Seq approach to systematically isolate, sequence, and map tissue-specific mRNA from five highly studied Caenorhabditis elegans somatic tissues: GABAergic and NMDA neurons, arcade and intestinal valve cells, seam cells, and hypodermal tissues, and studied their mRNA expression dynamics. The integration of these datasets with previously profiled transcriptomes of intestine, pharynx, and body muscle tissues, precisely assigns tissue-specific expression dynamics for 60% of all annotated C. elegans protein-coding genes, providing an important resource for the scientific community. The mapping of 15,956 unique high-quality tissue-specific polyA sites in all eight somatic tissues reveals extensive tissue-specific 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) isoform switching through alternative polyadenylation (APA) . Almost all ubiquitously transcribed genes use APA and harbor miRNA targets in their 3′UTRs, which are commonly lost in a tissue-specific manner, suggesting widespread usage of post-transcriptional gene regulation modulated through APA to fine tune tissue-specific protein expression. Within this pool, the human disease gene C. elegans orthologs rack-1 and tct-1 use APA to switch to shorter 3′UTR isoforms in order to evade miRNA regulation in the body muscle tissue, resulting in increased protein expression needed for proper body muscle function. Our results highlight a major positive regulatory role for APA, allowing genes to counteract miRNA regulation on a tissue-specific basis.
Regulation of Hyphal Growth and N-Acetylglucosamine Catabolism by Two Transcription Factors in Candida albicans
Authors: Naseem Shamoon , Min Kyunghun , Spitzer Daniel , Gardin Justin , Konopka James B 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The amino sugar N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is increasingly recognized as an important signaling molecule in addition to its well-known structural roles at the cell surface. In the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, GlcNAc stimulates several responses including the induction of the genes needed for its catabolism and a switch from budding to filamentous hyphal growth. We identified two genes needed for growth on GlcNAc (RON1 and NGS1) and found that mutants lacking these genes fail to induce the genes needed for GlcNAc catabolism. NGS1 was also important for growth on other sugars, such as maltose, but RON1 appeared to be specific for GlcNAc. Both mutants could grow on nonfermentable carbon sources indicating that they do not affect mitochondrial function, which we show is important for growth on GlcNAc but not for GlcNAc induction of hyphal morphogenesis. Interestingly, both the ron1Δ and ngs1Δ mutants were defective in forming hyphae in response to GlcNAc, even though GlcNAc catabolism is not required for induction of hyphal morphogenesis. The ron1Δ mutant showed a partial defect in forming hyphae, which was surprising since it displayed an elevated level of filamentous cells under noninducing conditions. The ron1Δ mutant also displayed an elevated basal level of expression of genes that are normally upregulated during hyphal growth. Consistent with this, Ron1 contains an Ndt80-like DNA-binding domain, indicating that it regulates gene expression. Thus, Ron1 is a key new component of the GlcNAc response pathway that acts as both an activator and a repressor of hyphal morphogenesis.
POPULATION IMMUNITY TO INFLUENZA VIRUS A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) AND B IN THE ADULT POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION LONG-TERM RESEARCH RESULTS
Authors: Konshina O. S. , Sominina A. A. , Smorodintseva E. A. , Stolyarov K. A. , Nikonorov I. Yu. 
Published: March 2017

Analysis of changes in the population immunity level in adults for more than 20 Russian cities, collaborating with the Federal Center for Influenza, to circulating influenza viruses A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B in the period from 2009 to 2015 performed. By the beginning of the pandemic (October 2009) the population of Russia was almost seronegative to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. After the pandemia first wave mean geometric titers (GMT)s of antibodies to the pandemic virus increased by 2.6 times, after the second one by 4.9 times in comparison with initial GMT (1:5.5). A consistent increase in GMTs antibody after each of the subsequent seasons of active circulation of pandemic virus was observed reaching the maximum (1:41) by April 2013, after the next epidemic caused by this virus. The proportion of people with protective antibody titers in October 2009 to already started circulating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was 8.2%, to influenza A(H3N2) virus — 58.3%, and influenza B virus — 59.7%. Level of population immunity in adults to seasonal influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses throughout the observed period was significantly higher than to influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09. The percentage of persons with protective antibody titers during the observed period varied for virus A(H3N2) in the range from 58.3 to 75.5%, for influenza B virus — from 59.7 to 82.3%. Accordingly, incidence rate for ILI and ARI in adult groups the population during influenza epidemic caused by these pathogens was lower than in the epidemics, associated with active circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. The data obtained can be used in influenza forecasting for the upcoming season regarding the etiology and the expected epidemic intensity need for the relevant preventing measures development to decrease the burden from influenza.
Study of antioxidant status in malaria patients
Authors: Tyagi Amit G. , Tyagi Rupal A. , Choudhary Prema Ram , Shekhawat Jaidev Singh 
Published: March 2017

Background: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of metabolic changes in malaria patients. During infection RBCs are exposed to continual oxidative stress. The univalent reduction of oxygen results in a series of cytotoxic oxygen species such as O2-, H2O2, OH•. Objective was to determine the level of oxidative stress in patients suffering from malaria.Methods: The present study was conducted on 551 malaria patients and 211 age-sex matched controls, in department of Biochemistry, C U Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat from April 2012 to May 2013. In stage-I, day-1 malaria patient’s v/s control group, In stage-II, day-3 v/s day-1 after anti-malarial treatment and in Stage-III day-3 v/s day-1 after anti-malarial + antioxidant treatment.Results: The mean erythrocytic activity of SOD, CAT, GST were decreased (0.71±0.25EU, 9.9±2.4μmol/sec, and 11.7±3.9 U/gmHb% respectively), mean level of GSH and MDA were increased (42.1±6.06gm/Hb%, 10.9±2.83 respectively) significantly (P<0.001) as compared to control group. In the follow up study with anti-malarial treatment the mean levels of erythrocytic GSH and MDA (28.7±7.54gm/Hb% and 8.08±1.95nM/L) decreased significantly (P<0.001 and P<0.01 respectively), whereas mean activity of erythrocytic enzymes like SOD, CAT and GST (0.99±0.15 EU, 15.8±2.68μmol/sec and 22.5±5U/gmHb%) were increased significantly (P<0.001) as compared to day-1.Conclusions: Erythrocytic antioxidant enzymes, GSH and MDA may be considered to be reliable biochemical markers for diagnostic and therapeutic potential in malaria.
Medication adherence and health belief model among hypertensive patients attending rural health centres of a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: A. U. Shameena , Badiger Sanjeev , Kumar S. Nanjesh 
Published: March 2017

Background: Medication adherence is a growing concern to healthcare systems as non-adherence to pharmacotherapy has been associated with adverse outcomes and higher costs of care. Objective: To assess the determinants of Patient’s adherence to Hypertensive medication and to evaluate the levels of adherence based on Health belief Model.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in the OPDs of Rural Health Centres of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 4 months(April’16 –July’16) using a semi-structured and validated questionnaire which contain information on demographic characteristics, medication and health related facility and Health Belief Model. All hypertensives taking medication for more than 6 months were included in this study. Medication Adherence was assessed using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8(MMAS-8).Statistical Analysis: Data was analysed using SPSS and P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of 300 patients, 114 were males and 186 were females. The level of Adherence was 23% in our study subjects. Gender (0.05), Religion (0.02), Marital status (0.035), Socioeconomic status (p=0.000) and Frequency of medication (p=0.000) had association with adherence. Based on health belief model, perceived severity (p=0.000), perceived susceptibility (p=0.000), perceived benefit (p=0.000), perceived barrier (p=0.000), Cue to action (p=0.025) and self-efficacy (p=0.00) had association with adherence.Conclusions: Patients Knowledge, understanding and perception can improve the adherence to medication. The results of our study can be used for better treatment of Hypertension.
Metabolomics approach for multibiomarkers determination to investigate dengue virus infection in human patients
Authors: Shahfiza Nurul , Osman Hasnah , Hock Tang Thean , Abdel-Hamid Abdel-Hamid Zaki 
Published: March 2017

Background: Dengue is one of the major public health problems in the world, affecting more than fifty million cases in tropical and subtropical region every year. The metabolome, as pathophysiological end-points, provide significant understanding of the mechanism and progression of dengue pathogenesis via changes in the metabolite profile of infected patients. Recent developments in diagnostic technologies provide metabolomics for the early detection of infectious diseases. Methods: The mid-stream urine was collected from 96 patients diagnosed with dengue fever at Penang General Hospital (PGH) and 50 healthy volunteers. Urine samples were analyzed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, followed by chemometric multivariate analysis. NMR signals highlighted in the orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLSDA) S-plots were selected and identified using Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) and Chenomx Profiler. A highly predictive model was constructed from urine profile of dengue infected patients versus healthy individuals with the total R2Y (cum) value 0.935, and the total Q2Y (cum) value 0.832. Results: Data showed that dengue infection is related to amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid intermediates cycle and β-oxidation of fatty acids. Distinct variations in certain metabolites were recorded in infected patients including amino acids, various organic acids, betaine, valerylglycine, myoinositol and glycine. Conclusion: Metabolomics approach provides essential insight into host metabolic disturbances following dengue infection.
Desenvolvimento profissional docente na educação a distância: relatos de uma pesquisa participante
Authors: Silva Ketiuce Ferreira , Prata-Linhares Martha Maria 
Published: March 2017

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo compreender o contexto que permeia o desenvolvimento profissional de professores e tutores de um curso de Pedagogia, em uma universidade pública, oferecido na modalidade a distância. O problema motivador da investigação foi buscar responder como tem ocorrido o desenvolvimento profissional docente na Educação a Distância (EaD) e o que fazer para melhorar esse processo. Com uma abordagem qualitativa, pesquisa participante e bibliográfica, identificou-se que, embora as políticas públicas relativas ao contexto do Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB) demonstrem fragilidades que desfavorecem o desenvolvimento profissional da docência universitária na EaD, das análises dos dados surgem caminhos para minimizar as dificuldades enfrentadas nesse processo como um maior comprometimento institucional com a EAD e reforço do trabalho coletivo entre professores e tutores a distância.
EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS IN A NOVEL WOUND HEALING OINTMENT-CROCODILE OIL BURN OINTMENT
Authors: Li Hua-Liang , Deng Yi-Tao , Zhang Zi-Ran , Fu Qi-Rui , Zheng Ya-Hui , Cao Xing-Mei , Nie Jing , Fu Li-Wen , Chen Li-Ping , Xiong You-Xiong , Shen Dong-Yan , Chen Qing-Xi 
Published: March 2017

Background: Crocodile oil and its products are used as ointments for burns and scalds in traditional medicines. A new
ointment formulation - crocodile oil burn ointment (COBO) was developed to provide more efficient wound healing
activity. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the burn healing efficacy of this new formulation by employing deep
second-degree burns in a Wistar rat model. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of COBO were also studied
to provide some evidences for its further use.
Materials and methods: The wound healing potential of this formulation was evaluated by employing a deep
second-degree burn rat model and the efficiency was comparatively assessed against a reference ointment – (1% wt ⁄ wt)
silver sulfadiazine (SSD). After 28 days, the animals were euthanized and the wounds were removed for transversal
and longitudinal histological studies. Acetic acid-induced writhing in mice was used to evaluate the analgesic activity
and its anti-inflammatory activity was observed in xylene -induced edema in mice.
Results: COBO enhanced the burn wound healing (20.5±1.3 d) as indicated by significant decrease in wound closure
time compared with the burn control (25.0±2.16 d) (P
Managing Risk Around Offshore Installations Using Autonomous Marine Vehicles While Conducting Exploration Activities
Authors: Pai Sudhir 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The use of autonomous marine vehicles (AMVs) to do work in marine environments is a new and novel technology approach that reduces the presence of humans and improves safety withour compromising quality of service delivery. Over the last four years, this technology has grown and matured from a level of skepticism to full maturity. One particular AMV glider harnesses kinetic energy from wave action to produce forward propulsion in an environmentally friendly manner. This glider is a hybrid sea-surface and underwater vehicle that has taken the concept of autonomy beyond that of the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). This wave-powered sensor platform enables collection and transmission of data gathered at sea on missions lasting up to a year. It is capable of crossing thousands of kilometers of ocean to gather oceanographic data, as well as maintain a stationary position while taking meteorological readings, or it can circle a rig at a preset distance to provide early warning of security or environmental threats. Once deployed, the glider uses no crew, requires no fuel, and produces no emissions, thus eliminating both risks to personnel and impact on the environment.
During a marine seismic survey, the worst possible nightmare is to have any of the seismic survey vessel assets, in particular the streamer spread, collide with the client's installations. This type of collision can occur due to metocean changes and feathering, unpredicted changes in the profile of currents, and the onset of cyclones and hurricanes. Typically, the knowledge of currents around platforms during seismic close pass acquisition (CPA) is provided by acoustic Doppler current profilers (ACDPs) that are bottom mounted on vessels that hold station just outside the 500-m exclusion zone, thus providing real-time currents information to help the seismic fleet navigate. This conventional method is an expensive use of the vessels held on station. Such vessels cost USD10 to 20 thousand per day, and typically these are chase vessels that have been pulled away from their primary duty, which is to chase away unwanted visitors in the area. The AMV provides an alternative; it replaces the vessel and performs the same work more efficiently at a much lower cost. At the same time, the AMV glider lowers HSE risk and reduces the environmental impact.
To date, 35 missions have been completed using this technology, which has resulted in an operational savings of 2 to 3 days per month on average through better management of the CPA and line changes. Slowly, operators are accepting this technology as a viable replacement for vessel-mounted ADCPs.
Mitigating Downhole Vibrations in Bottom Hole Assemblies Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Marquez Antonio , Omojuwa Emmanuel , Teodoriu Catalin 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Mitigating downhole vibrations is paramount to safe and cost-effective drilling. Excessive vibrations in bottom hole assemblies (BHA) generated from rock-bit interactions can be quantified and hence minimized using finite element dynamic analysis as a tool. Hence, improving rate of penetrations (ROP), minimize BHA failures, high cost savings and ultimately eliminate drilling accidents. Extensive research has been done in order to better understand the three main modes that drive these vibrations to undesired magnitudes. These modes are: axial, lateral and torsional vibrations. Axial vibrations are better known as ‘bit-bouncing’, lateral as ‘bit whirling’ and torsional vibration are known as ‘stick-slip’ which is the most common of these three. Previous research has focused on these modes individually and coupling of two of these, but no study using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been done considering these three in the same model.
The modern finite element analysis tool utilized in this study provides an opportunity to couple axial, lateral and torsional vibrations for planning and optimization of bottom hole assemblies. This is possible due to the newest developments in computing power and better discretization algorithms. A superimposition of all three vibration modes allows the user to physically see where and when the composite resonance will be generated.
In this paper, three vibration modes will be coupled using (FEA) in an attempt to mitigate vibrations affecting the drillstring and BHA by optimizing the amount and positioning of stabilizers. This analysis is focused on the lower portion of the entire drillstring where the vibrations are generated. This holistic approach is beneficial in design safer well plans and bottom hole assemblies
Getting Ahead of the Curve : Front End Loading HSSE Management Planning in Major Capital Projects
Authors: Wharton Andrew 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Recent data shows confirmed underperformance in HSSE outcomes in major capital LNG projects, with supply chain HSSE culture being a key risk to large capital project developments. The evidence indicates that starting HSSE related activities and effort in line with construction results in poor HSSE performance characterized by an operating mode of reaction and recovery. However, a proactive approach in working with EPC contractor bidders to ‘front end load’ work on HSSE strategies and plans, and so gaining alignment and contractual agreement up front well before construction work begins, will pay dividends.
This paper discusses why sending the workforce home safely at the end of every day should not be seen as a competitive advantage by a mature organization. Lessons can and should be shared from major capital projects certainly within an organization but also within the LNG industry more widely. Anonymous examples are presented covering the safety outcomes of projects that started robust front end HSSE management systems, practices and initiatives too late (in line with the construction phase start, for example) and of the intervention plans that were then required to recover to acceptable levels of HSSE performance.
Specific lessons learnt from past and current LNG projects will be discussed. This experience and knowledge has helped formulate the HSSE Management strategy and plans for the Lake Charles Liquefaction (LCLNG) Project, known as "Getting Ahead of the Curve". The HSSE front end loading work described in this paper, which is aligned to the LCLNG Project’s overall Performance Management Philosophy, includes but will not be limited to the following: Requirement for strong Project Management Team leadership and an in-depth understanding of the workforce culture on the US Gulf CoastAgreeing training requirements and timing (well up front, before workers arrive at the point of risk)Agreeing minimum HSSE and overall supervision ratiosAgreeing KPIs for HSSE management as part of the overall Project performance management plan, including occupational safety and process safetyEnsuring HSSE plans are project specific and not the typical ‘boiler plate’ corporate materialGetting all requirements agreed with the EPC bidders and embedded into the signed off contract, and so being ‘up front and baked in’Following up with robust EPC bid evaluations, focusing on HSSE management planningGantt chart illustration submission requirement with risk profile changing as the Project moves from construction to introduction of hydrocarbons and onto commissioning and start-up, thus enabling successful HSSE campaigns ahead of key risk activitiesSetting up of the Gulf Coast LNG Safety Leadership Forum with other LNG development proponents
The HSSE management goals of the LCLNG Project will be discussed. It is the intention that actual performance can be reported in subsequent updates as the Project progresses, so that further lessons learnt can be discussed and shared with the SPE HSSE Management community.