bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between extreme precipitation and acute gastro-intestinal illness due to cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in an urban Canadian drinking water system (1997–2009)
Authors: Chhetri Bimal K. , Takaro Tim K. , Balshaw Robert , Otterstatter Michael , Mak Sunny , Lem Marcus , Zubel Marc , Lysyshyn Mark , Clarkson Len , Edwards Joanne , Fleury Manon D. , Henderson Sarah B. , Galanis Eleni 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDrinking water related infections are expected to increase in the future due to climate change. Understanding the current links between these infections and environmental factors is vital to understand and reduce the future burden of illness. We investigated the relationship between weekly reported cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis (n = 7,422), extreme precipitation (&gt;90th percentile), drinking water turbidity, and preceding dry periods in a drinking water system located in greater Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (1997–2009) using distributed lag non-linear Poisson regression models adjusted for seasonality, secular trend, and the effect of holidays on reporting. We found a significant increase in cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis 4–6 weeks after extreme precipitation. The effect was greater following a dry period. Similarly, extreme precipitation led to significantly increased turbidity only after prolonged dry periods. Our results suggest that the risk of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis increases with extreme precipitation, and that the effects are more pronounced after a prolonged dry period. Given that extreme precipitation events are expected to increase with climate change, it is important to further understand the risks from these events, develop planning tools, and build resilience to these future risks.
Biodegradation of dairy wastewater using bacterial and fungal local isolates
Authors: Al-Wasify Raed S. , Ali Mohamed N. , Hamed Shimaa R. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Dairy wastewater contains high levels of organics and other pollutants. The present study was carried out to investigate the biodegradation process of dairy effluents using some locally isolated bacteria and fungi. Four different dairy effluent samples were collected from Obour and 6th October industrial cities, Egypt. Five bacterial species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus hirae) and three fungal strains (Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp. and Aspergillus sp.) were isolated from dairy wastewater samples, identified and used for biodegradation process. Bacterial and fungal consortia were prepared separately in the laboratory. Two-stages (aeration and filtration) laboratory scale model was designed. Rice straw and activated carbon layers were used as filtration media. Results indicated the great ability of both studied bacteria and fungi for removal of organics (biological oxygen demand removal percent were 78.7% and 74.7% for bacteria and fungi, respectively) and the improvement of the physicochemical quality (total suspended solids removal percent were 99.3% and 99.0% for bacteria and fungi, respectively) of the dairy effluent. The addition of rice straw and activated carbon increased removal efficiencies. Biodegradation of dairy wastewater depending on local microorganisms is an effective, cheap and eco-friendly technology.
De repórter de combate a operador ideológico: John Reed em Reed, México Insurgente (1972)
Authors: Lobo Júlio César 
Published: September 2017

O objetivo desse texto é analisar o filme mexicano de ficção Reed, México insurgente (1972), de Paul Leduc, evidenciando os seguintes aspectos: a sua singularidade como um filme de guerra civil na cinematografia latino-americana, tendo um repórter norte-americano, John Reed, como sua personagem condutora, a sua postura documentarizante, a sua recusa a uma espetacularização de combates e uma representação rara de Pancho Villa sem estereotipagem e a sua primazia na dramatização da subjetividade do seu protagonista, destacando os seus medos, as suas angústias, as suas inseguranças no campo de batalha. Em seu vínculo mais forte com o cinema político que se fazia no começo dos anos 1970 na América Latina, principalmente no seu Cone Sul, essa película mexicana lentamente constrói a passagem de Reed de repórter de combate a observador participante e ao final, a um operador ideológico. Enfim, trata-se de uma obra rara na filmografia latino-americana dos anos 1970 e depois: a representação de uma paixão por um ideal.
Online Group Discussion pada Mata Kuliah Teknologi Pembelajaran Fisika
Authors: Yuberti Yuberti 
Published: September 2017

Nowadays, gadged just like handphone and notebook more reachable so the quantities of the users are increase in Indonesia. It is common for us to see the students, employees, enterpreneurs until housewives using gadged anywhere and anytime. This phenomenon is spread widely along with the internet wifi and hotspot in many places start from official educational institute, government, and office centre, to the tourism object and shopping center. Also with internet café (Warnet) compete tightly with offering various facilities, and services with compete price. All cellphone service is also giving internet access in order to attract users. Some phenomena show more and more people who use the Internet and make it as a lifestyle for berintaksi, socialize, learn and get information. Widespread use of the Internet can be a great potential in the development of online learning system allows learners to access the information flexibly without limitation of time and place. Discussion no longer occur face to face, but can continue even in the virtual environment. As the implementation of other virtual learning methods. Implementation of online discussion itself is basically adopting the method of learning face to face discussionHarga gadged seperti handphone dan dan notebook kian hari kian terjangkau sehingga jumlah penggunanya di indonesia terus meningkat. Bukan lah suatu yang asing jika kita menjumpai para siswa, mahasiswa, karyawan, pengusaha hingga ibu rumah tangga menggunakan gadged di mana saja dan kapan saja. Fenomena ini diiringi dengan meluasnya jaringan internet nirkabel seperti hotspot dan wifi di berbagai tempat mulai dari institusi resmi pendidikan, pemerintahan, dan perkantoran, hingga tempat wisata,dan pusat perbelanjaan. Tidak mau ketinggalan warnet (warung internet) ikut bersaing ketat dengan menawarkan berbagai macam fasilitas, dan layanan dengan harga bersaing. Seluruh layanan seluler ponsel juga terus memberikan penawaran akses internet yang menggiurkan demi menarik minat penggunanya. Beberapa fenomena tersebut menunjukkan semakin banyak kalangan yang memanfaatkan internet dan menjadikanya sebagai gaya hidup untuk berintaksi, bersosialisasi, belajar dan mendapatkan informasi. Meluasnya pemanfaatan internet bisa menjadi potensi besar dalam pengembangan pembelajaran dengan sistem online memungkinkan pebelajar untuk mengakses infromasi secara fleksibel tanpa terbatas waktu dan tempat. Diskusi tidak lagi terjadi secara tatap muka, namun dapat terus berlangsung meskipun dalam lingkungan maya. Sebagaimana pelaksanaan metode pembelajaran maya lainnya. Pelaksanaannya diskusi online itu sendiri pada dasarnya mengadopsi dari metode pembelajaran diskusi tatap muka.
Pengembangan Modul IPA Terpadu Terintegrasi Ayat-Ayat Al-Qur’an Pada Materi Air Sebagai Sumber Kehidupan
Authors: Latifah Sri 
Published: September 2017

This research is a development research that aims to produce Interated IPA module product integrated with Al-Qur'an verses on the material of Water as the source of life, as a teaching material of students of SMP / MTs class VII. The problems in this study include how to develop Integrated IPA module integrated with Qur'anic verses on the material of Water as the Source of Life, and whether the Integrated IPA module development integrated with Qur'anic verses on the material of Water as the Source of Life is interesting to be used as teaching materials. This research is a development research using Research and Development research method (R D). The resulting product is categorized very good based on validation from material experts with 85% percentage and design expert with 85% score, and module is very interesting to be used as a teaching material based on teacher's assessment to get 86% score percentage, and students’ response on small group test obtained the percentage of 76% and field trials received a score percentage of 81%.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa modul IPA Terpadu terintegrasi ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an pada materi Air Sebagai Sumber Kehidupan sebagai bahan ajar siswa SMP/MTs kelas VII. Masalah pada penelitian ini antara lain, bagaimana mengembangkan modul IPA Terpadu terintegrasi ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an pada materi Air Sebagai Sumber Kehidupan, dan apakah pengembangan modul IPA Terpadu terintegrasi ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an pada materi Air Sebagai Sumber Kehidupan menarik untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan ajar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan menggunakan metode penelitian Research and Development (R D). Produk yang dihasilkan terkategori sangat baik berdasarkan validasi dari ahli materi dengan presentase skor 85% dan ahli desain dengan skor 85%, serta modul sangat menarik untuk dijadikan bahan ajar berdasarkan penilaian guru memperoleh presentase skor 86%, dan respon siswa pada uji coba kelompok kecil memperoleh persentase 76% serta uji coba lapangan memperoleh presentase skor 81%.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Generatif Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Fisika Pokok Bahasan Bunyi Peserta Didik MTs Al-Hikmah Bandar Lampung
Authors: Irwandani Irwandani 
Published: September 2017

This study aims to find and describe how much influence of generative learning models in class VIII students MTs Al-Hikmah Bandar Lampung. The research method used quasi experiment with Pretest-Posttest Control Group design. The research sample is divided into two classes, namely experimental and control class. The learning in experimental class uses a generative learning model while the control class uses the conventional learning model. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that the understanding of learners concept using generative learning model is higher compared with the understanding of learners concept using conventional learning model. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan men­deskripsikan seberapa besar pengaruh model pembelajaran generatif pada peserta didik kelas VIII MTs Al-Hikmah Bandar Lampung. Metode penelitian menggunakan kuasi eksperimen dengan desain Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Sampel penelitian terbagi dalam dua kelas, yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Kelas eksperimen menggunakan pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran generatif sementara kelas kontrol menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pemahaman konsep peserta didik yang menggunakan model pembelajaran generatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pemahaman konsep peserta didik yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional.
Analisis Spektrum Energi dan Fungsi Gelombang Potensial Non-Central Menggunakan Supersimetri Mekanika Kuantum
Authors: Saregar Antomi 
Published: September 2017

The objectives of this study were: 1) to describe the results of wave and energy function of the Non-central potential system of potential combinations of trigonometric Poschl-Teller plus Rosen Morse, Coloumb and OH 3D potential, and Rosen Morse trigonometric potential plus Pochl-Teller analyzed using Supersymmetry quantum mechanics (SUSY QM); 2) to know the visualization of wave function and energy level at point 1. This study is a literature study conducted from July 2013 to December 2015. Non-central potential of potential combinations of trigonometric Poschl-Teller potency plus Rosen Morse, Coloumb and OH 3D potential and potential Rosen Morse trigonometry plus Pochl-Teller is a potential that has a shape invariance properties. Recent developments, the SUSY method has been successfully used to create complete and precise mathematical analysis of the resolution of some non-central potentials in a closed system. By applying a lowering operator to a basic level wave function, a basic level wave function is obtained, while a top-level wave function is obtained by using a rising operator operated at a ground-level wave function and so on. While the value of energy in a closed system obtained by using the nature of the invariant shape. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah: 1) mendeskripsikan hasil fungsi gelombang dan energi dari sistem potensial Non sentral hasil kombinasi potensial Poschl-Teller trigonometri plus potensial Rosen Morse, Coloumb, dan OH 3D, serta potensial Rosen Morse trigonometri plus Pochl-Teller yang dianalisis menggunakan metode Supersymmetry mekanika kuantum (SUSY QM); 2) mengetahui visualisasidari fungsi gelombangdan tingkat energy pada poin 1. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur yang dilakukan mulai bulan Juli 2013 s.d. Desember 2015. Potensial non sentral hasil kombinasi potensial Poschl-Teller trigonometri plus potensial Rosen Morse, Coloumb, dan OH 3D serta potensial Rosen Morse trigonometri plus Pochl-Teller merupakan potensial yang mempunyai sifat shape invariance.Perkembangan terakhir, metode SUSY telah berhasil digunakan untuk membuat analisis matematis secara lengkap dan tepat penyelesaian beberapa potensial non sentral dalam sistem tertutup. Dengan mengaplikasikan operator penurun pada fungsi gelombang tingkat dasar diperoleh fungsi gelombang tingkat dasar, sedangkan fungsi gelombang tingkat atas satu diperoleh dengan menggunakan operator penaik yang dioperasikan pada fungsi gelombang tingkat dasar dan seterusnya. Sedangkan nilai energinya dalam sistem tertutup diperoleh dengan menggunakan sifat shape invariant.
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Fenolik dari Kulit Akar Tumbuhan Artocarpus Dadah Miq 63-74
Authors: Indarto Indarto 
Published: September 2017

Artocarpus plant dadah Miq. is one of the species of Artocarpus of the Moraceae family that belongs to a rare plant in nature. This plant is known as the main source of phenolic derivative compound that is flavone compound in or tri-oxygenated and terisoprenilasi in C-3 position , and also known as the main source of phenolic compound derived flavonoids, aryl-benzofuran, stilbenoid and xanthane flavonoida, which have biological activity as promoters antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antiimflamatori, antikanker and others. This study aimed to isolate and identify the phenolic compounds contained in plant A . dadah obtained from the village of Purwoasri, North Metro District, Metro City, Lampung Province. Research stages include collection and sample preparation and extraction, isolation, and purification of compounds using KCV method, flash chromatography , KKG, and TLC, while the identification of compounds is performed using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. In the present study, three compounds were isolated, one of which was estimated to be flavonoid compounds based on UV-VIS and IR spectra data which also had high activity against murine leukemia P-388 cells with IC 50 3.1 μg / mL. Based on the IR spectral data for the other two compounds there is a -OH uptake in the region of 3200-3500 cm -1, C = C aromatic uptake in the area of 1600-1400 cm -1 , so it is estimated that both compounds are phenolic group compounds.Tumbuhan Artocarpus dadah Miq.merupakan salah satu spesies Artocarpus dari famili Moraceae yang termasuk tumbuhan langka di alam. Tumbuhan ini dikenal sebagai sumber utama senyawa turunan fenolik yaitu senyawa flavon di atau tri-oksigenasi dan terisoprenilasi pada posisi C-3, dan juga dikenal sebagai sumber utama senyawa fenolik turunan flavonoid, aril-benzofuran, stilbenoid dan santon turunan flavonoida, yang memiliki aktivitas biologi sebagai promotor antitumor, antibakteri, antifungal, antiimflamatori, antikanker dan lain-lain.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi senyawa fenolik yang terkandung dalam tumbuhan A. dadah yang diperoleh dari desa Purwoasri, Kecamatan Metro Utara, Kota Metro, Provinsi Lampung.Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi pengumpulan dan persiapan sampel kemudian ekstraksi, isolasi, dan pemurnian senyawa menggunakan metode KCV, kromatografi flash, KKG, dan KLT, sedangkan identifikasi senyawa dilakukan menggunakan spektroskopi ultraungu-tampak (UV-VIS) dan inframerah (IR). Pada penelitian ini telah berhasil diisolasi tiga senyawa, yang salah satunya diperkirakan senyawa flavonoid berdasarkan data spektrum UV-VIS dan IR yang juga memiliki aktivitas tinggi terhadap sel murine leukemia P-388 dengan IC50 3,1 μg/mL. Berdasarkan data spektrum IR untuk dua senyawa yang lain terdapat serapan –OH pada daerah 3200-3500 cm-1, serapan C=C aromatik di daerah 1600-1400 cm-1, sehingga diperkirakan kedua senyawa tersebut merupakan senyawa golongan fenolik.
Pengaruh Ph Terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Kitinase dari Isolat Actinomycetes dengan Metode Somogyi-Nelson
Authors: Anggraini Welly 
Published: September 2017

The pH effect on chitinase enzyme activity of actinomycetes isolate by Somogyi-Nelson method has been done. Chitinase enzymes can be produced by chitinolytic micro organisms, actinomycetes. This actinomycetes is taken from Mangrove from Coastal Ringgung of Teluk Lampung Waters, and has been isolated in previous research. The actinomycetes isolates used were ANL-12, ANL-9, ANLd-2b-3, and ANL-4, with chitinolytic activity of 1.9 cm, 2.0 cm, 2.3 cm, and 5.0 cm. The ANL-4 isolate, which has the largest chitinolytic activity, was selected for the next process, the solidstate fermentationprocess (SSF) by the Somogyi-Nelson method. For this SSF process is done in one place. Chitinase enzyme activity was measured using micro plate reader by the somogyi-Nelson method. enzyme activity is calculated by measuring the amount of glucose released in μg / ml rough enzyme / hour (U / mL) by substrate reaction under certain conditions. From the research data showed that the purification enzyme had optimum activity at pH 7.0 with unit activity of 11,166 U / mL, while on chitin substrate without washing with NaOH yield optimum activity at pH 6 with unit activity equal to 10,929 U / ml.Telah dilakukan pengaruh pH terhadap aktivitas enzim kitinase dari isolat actinomycetes dengan metode Somogyi-Nelson. Enzim kitinase dapat diproduksi oleh mikroorganisme kitinolitik, yaitu actinomycetes. Actinomycetes ini diambil dari Lumpur Hutan Bakau asal Pantai Ringgung Perairan Teluk Lampumg, dan telah diisolasi pada penelitian sebelumnya. Isolat actinomycetes yang digunakan adalah ANL-12, ANL-9, ANLd-2b-3, dan ANL-4, dengan memiliki aktivitas kitinolitik berturut-turut 1,9 cm, 2,0 cm, 2,3 cm, dan 5,0 cm.Isolat ANL-4 yang memiliki aktivitas kitinolitik terbesar ini dipilih untuk proses selanjutnya, yaitu proses Solid State Fermentation (SSF) dengan metode Somogyi-Nelson. Untuk proses SSF ini dilakukan dalam satu tempat. Aktivitas enzim kitinase diukur menggunakan microplate reader dengan metode Somogyi-Nelson. Aktivitas enzim dihitung dengan mengukur jumlah glukosa yang dilepaskan dalam µg/ml enzim kasar/jam (U/mL) oleh reaksi substrat dengan kondisi tertentu. Dari data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enzim hasil pemurnian mempunyai aktivitas optimum pada pH 7,0 dengan aktivitas unit sebesar 11,166 U/mL, sedangkan pada substrat kitin tanpa dicuci dengan NaOH menghasilkan aktivitas optimum pada pH 6 dengan aktivitas unit sebesar 10,929 U/mL.
Efektivitas Kegiatan Lesson Study dalam Merancang Pembelajaran pada Mata Kuliah Gelombang dan Optik
Authors: Manrulu Rahma Hi , Sari Dian Novita 
Published: September 2017

Lesson study has been conducted as a strategy to improve the processes and outcomes of learning, this activity implemented in a collaborative and sustained by a group of lecturer (lecturer models and observers). The main objectives of lesson study activities namely to gain a better understanding of how students learn and lecturers teach, designing the learning that is easily understood by students in each of the learning process and build a pedagogical knowledge, where a lecturer able to gain knowledge from other lecturer. This activity is conducted for four stages during one semester and conducted in stages. Each stage consists of planning (plan), observation (do) and reflection (see). Lesson this lesson study is expected to provide lessons and learning experinces of students in general and, in particular, the lecturer models and able to build cooperative contextual learning. From a series of stages that have been done can be concluded that the need for cooperation in designing an effective learning, maximum and sustainable.Telah dilakukan kegiatan lesson study yang merupakan strategi untuk meningkatkan proses dan hasil pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan secara kolaboratif dan berkelanjutan oleh sekelompok dosen (dosen model dan dosen observer). Tujuan utama kegiatan lesson study yaitu memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang bagaimana mahasiswa belajar dan dosen mengajar, merancang pembelajaran yang mudah dipahami oleh mahasiswa dalam setiap proses pembelajaran serta membangun sebuah pengetahuan pedagogis, dimana seorang dosen mampu menimba pengetahuan dari dosen lain. Kegiatan dilakukan selama empat siklus selama satu semester yang dilakukan secara bertahap. Setiap tahapan terdiri dari perencanaan (plan), observasi (do) dan refleksi (see). Pembelajaran ini diharapakan mampu membelajarkan mahasiswa pada umumnya dan dosen model pada khususnya dan mampu membangun pembelajaran kontekstual yang kooperatif. Dari serangkaian siklus yang dilakukan dapat simpulkan bahwa perlu kerjasama dalam merancang sebuah pembelajaran yang efektif, maksimal dan berkelanjutan.