bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reseña: Libro V Simposio de Teología India.
Authors: Merino Beas Patricio 
Published: February 2016

<p>Presento el libro que recoge las ponencias y resultados del V Simposio de Teología India. Como tal se trata de una obra en colaboración, pero no por ello carente de unidad, profundidad y sistematicidad. No solo porque aborda una temática específica, sino porque es parte de un proceso que ya lleva casi veinte años, como tendremos oportunidad de dar a conocer más adelante en esta reseña.</p>
Ultrasonido en el punto de atención en un escenario rural con recursos limitados
Authors: Carvajal Valdy Gabriel , Pardo Jara Jacobo 
Published: February 2016

<p>La ultrasonografía en el punto de atención es una modalidad de evaluación ecográfica limitada llevada al paciente y realizada por un proveedor en tiempo real como complemento de la evaluación y razonamiento clínicos, con el objetivo de lograr un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado para situaciones específicas. El ultrasonido en el punto de atención por proveedores no radiólogos ha adquirido gran relevancia en medios austeros o de baja disponibilidad de recursos como en las zonas rurales, debido a su accesibilidad, portabilidad, seguridad y confiabilidad en situaciones específicas. Esta modalidad de imágenes ha logrado consolidarse en la evaluación diagnóstica y como método de guía de procedimientos percutáneos. Esta revisión pretende introducir las ventajas de las aplicaciones en el punto de atención de la ultrasonografía y presentar ejemplos de su relevancia en ambientes austeros.</p>
CASO 19-2015:Feohifomicosis nasal por Exophiala dermatidis
Authors: Solís Rojas Natalia , Muñoz Hernández Enrique , Villalobos Zúñiga Manuel Antonio 
Published: February 2016

<p>Paciente masculino de 74 años, vecino de Turrubares,domador de caballos, con antecedentespersonales patológicos de gastrectomia total,EPOC y osteoporosis. Consulta por tumoraciónviolácea de 6 meses de evolución en fosa nasalizquierda, de crecimiento lentamente progresivo,asociado a epistaxis leve, y rinorrea fétida. Medianteexamen físico, cultivo y biopsia se diagnostica feohifomicosis por Exophiala dermatidis. Tras dos meses de resección quirúrgica, se documenta recurrencia de la lesión, por lo que se decide hospitalizar para tratamiento antifungico endovenoso con anfotericina B deoxycolato y itraconazol por seis meses. Sin embargo tras dos meses de tratamiento con itraconazol, amerita nueva hospitalización por recaída clínica, realizándose escisión quirúrgica completa y cambiando tratamiento a posaconazol, cursando el paciente posteriormente asintomatico, sin necesidad de nuevas intervenciones terapéuticas.</p>
CASO 21-2015:Femenina de 30 años, con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico y Mielitis Transversa Longitudinalmente Extendida.
Authors: Sánchez Benavides Marvin , Vásquez Cespedes Johanna 
Published: February 2016

<p>Paciente femenina de 30 años, con antecedente de depresión crónica y diagnostico reciente de Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES),consulta por cuadro de dos días de evolución caracterizado por debilidad en miembros inferiores, que posteriormente asocia parestesias, paraplejia flácida, retención urinaria e incontinencia fecal. Al examen físico se documenta VI par derecho con nistagmo horizontal, arreflexia en miembros inferiores, globo vesical y nivel sensitivo T6. Ante la sospecha de mielitis transversa se inicia inmunosupresión con esteroides intravenosos más ciclofosfamida mensual y aféresis, tras lo cual se evidencia una paulatina mejoría clínica. Se realizó una resonancia magnética del cordón espinal que evidenció lesiones difusas hiperintensas en la secuencia T2 con compromiso longitudinal desde el tercio distal espinal hasta el cono medular compatible con Mielitis Transversa Longitudinalmente Extendida (LETM). Se egresa de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos con mejoría clínica y se continúa manejo con ciclofosfamida mensual. Actualmente persiste con discreta hipoestesia en silla de montar y deambula sin dificultad con bastón. Se reporta un caso de LETM en LES, a la fecha se han reportado menos de 30 casos en la literatura mundial</p>
TEMA 14-2015:Endocarditis Infecciosa
Authors: Ramírez Cisneros Benjamín , Sedó Mejía Giovanni , Hütt Centeno Ericka 
Published: February 2016

<p>La endocarditis infecciosa es una enfermedad con elevada morbimortalidad. Afecta principalmente a personas con cardiopatías degenerativas, adultos mayores y antecedente de cardiopatía reumática. El endotelio valvular o endocárdico es naturalmente resistente a la colonización de bacterias, por lo que debe de haber una lesión y formación de trombo que es luego colonizado por microorganismos, generando lo que se conoce como una vegetación. Los agentes causales más aislados incluyen los estreptococos orales y los estafilococos. La mayoría de pacientes se presenta con fiebre, síntomas constitucionales y un soplo de novo o que cambió de características. Los criterios modifi-cados de Duke incluyen criterios clínicos, microbiológicos y ecocardiográficos. Se recomienda a todo paciente con sospecha moderada de endocarditis infecciosa, realizar inicialmente un ecocardiograma transtorácico. Las complicaciones cardiacas son las más comunes, seguidas por las complicaciones neurológicas. Hoy en día se aboga por un tratamiento quirúrgico temprano, sin embargo, hasta un 25% de los pacientes quirúrgicos no se operan. La piedra angular del tratamiento son los antibióticos bactericidas parenterales y se tiende a mutilizar terapia doble con acción sinergista.</p>
Awareness, Understanding, and Adoption of Precision Medicine to Deliver Personalized Treatment for Patients With Cancer: A Multinational Survey Comparison of Physicians and Patients
Authors: Ciardiello Fortunato , Adams Richard , Tabernero Josep , Seufferlein Thomas , Taieb Julien , Moiseyenko Vladimir , Ma Brigette , Lopez Gustavo , Vansteenkiste Johan F. , Esser Regina , Tejpar Sabine 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background.
Two separate multinational surveys of oncologists and patients with cancer were conducted to assess the awareness and use of biomarkers in clinical practice. These data explore the self-reported and physician-assessed levels of patient cancer literacy and factors affecting physicians’ choice to use biomarkers in treatment decisions.

Patients and Methods.
Interviews were conducted via telephone with patients and online with physicians. Physicians had 3–35 years of experience; were treating more than 15 patients/month; and specialized in breast, lung, or colorectal cancer. Patients had received treatment for breast, lung, or colorectal cancer within the previous 5 years.

Results.
Interviews with 895 physicians and 811 patients were completed. Most patients and physicians reported that patients understood that a tumor could be tested to determine what treatment would be most effective (78% and 73%, respectively) and that patients would be willing to participate in a personalized treatment plan. Whereas 85% of patients felt that they understood their treatment when it was explained to them, only 23% of doctors felt that their patients were always fully informed. Most physicians (90%) reported using biomarkers; among the 10% not performing biomarker analysis, the most cited obstacles were local availability, speed of obtaining results, and cost.

Conclusion.
These data demonstrate wide global use of biomarker testing but with regional variations reflecting cultural and local practice. Self-reported and physician-assessed cancer literacy, although generally high, highlighted important regional variations and the need to provide patients with additional information.
Assessing the Eventual Publication of Clinical Trial Abstracts Submitted to a Large Annual Oncology Meeting
Authors: Massey Paul R. , Wang Ruibin , Prasad Vinay , Bates Susan E. , Fojo Tito 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background.
Despite the ethical imperative to publish clinical trials when human subjects are involved, such data frequently remain unpublished. The objectives were to tabulate the rate and ascertain factors associated with eventual publication of clinical trial results reported as abstracts in the Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (American Society of Clinical Oncology).

Materials and Methods.
Abstracts describing clinical trials for patients with breast, lung, colorectal, ovarian, and prostate cancer from 2009 to 2011 were identified by using a comprehensive online database (http://meetinglibrary.asco.org/abstracts). Abstracts included reported results of a treatment or intervention assessed in a discrete, prospective clinical trial. Publication status at 4−6 years was determined by using a standardized search of PubMed. Primary outcomes were the rate of publication for abstracts of randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials. Secondary outcomes included factors influencing the publication of results.

Results.
A total of 1,075 abstracts describing 378 randomized and 697 nonrandomized clinical trials were evaluated. Across all years, 75% of randomized and 54% of nonrandomized trials were published, with an overall publication rate of 61%. Sample size was a statistically significant predictor of publication for both randomized and nonrandomized trials (odds ratio [OR] per increase of 100 participants = 1.23 [1.11–1.36], p &lt; .001; and 1.64 [1.15–2.34], p = .006, respectively). Among randomized studies, an industry coauthor or involvement of a cooperative group increased the likelihood of publication (OR 2.37, p = .013; and 2.21, p = .01, respectively). Among nonrandomized studies, phase II trials were more likely to be published than phase I (p &lt; .001). Use of an experimental agent was not a predictor of publication in randomized (OR 0.76 [0.38–1.52]; p = .441) or nonrandomized trials (OR 0.89 [0.61–1.29]; p = .532).

Conclusion.
This is the largest reported study examining why oncology trials are not published. The data show that 4−6 years after appearing as abstracts, 39% of oncology clinical trials remain unpublished. Larger sample size and advanced trial phase were associated with eventual publication; among randomized trials, an industry-affiliated author or a cooperative group increased likelihood of publication. Unfortunately, we found that, despite widespread recognition of the problem and the creation of central data repositories, timely publishing of oncology clinical trials results remains unsatisfactory.
Keys to Detecting Writing Flexibility Over Time: Entropy and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Snow Erica Linn , Allen Laura K , Jacovina Matthew E , Crossley Scott A , Perret Cecile A , McNamara Danielle S 
Published: February 2016

Writing researchers have suggested that students who are perceived as strong writers (i.e., those who generate texts that are rated as high quality) demonstrate flexibility in their writing style. While anecdotally this has been a commonly held belief among researchers, scientists, and educators, there is little empirical research to support this claim. This study further investigates this hypothesis by examining how students vary in their use of two linguistic features (i.e., narrativity and cohesion) across 16 prompt-based essays. Forty-five high school students wrote 16 essays across 8 sessions within an Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) system. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques and Entropy analyses were used to calculate how rigid or flexible students were in their use of narrative and cohesive linguistic features over time and how this trait related to individual differences in literacy abilities (i.e., vocabulary knowledge and comprehension ability), prior world knowledge, and essay quality. For instance, through the unique combination of NLP and Entropy, we found that patterns of narrative flexibility (or rigidity) was significantly and reliably related to students’ prior reading comprehension ability after 2 sessions (4 essays). Conversely, students’ flexible (or rigid) use of cohesive features was reliably related to their prior reading comprehension ability after 5 sessions (10 essays). These exploratory methodologies are important for researchers and educators, as they indicate that writing flexibility is indeed a trait of strong writers and can be detected rather quickly using the combination of textual features and dynamic analyses.
Pensar ‘teóricamente’ la práctica de la enseñanza de la historia
Authors: Zavala Ana 
Published: February 2016

Este artículo propone presentar los modos en los cuales la práctica de la enseñanza de la historia es teorizada, desde fuera (por académicos fundamentalmente) y desde dentro (por los propios profesores). Cada una de estas formas de teorización apela a fundamentos distintos, así como evidencia fines diferentes para abocarse a ella. Me interesará la confrontación entre estos dos modos de teorización, en tanto ambos articulan de diferentes maneras la práctica (de la investigación o de la enseñanza) y la teoría (la de la práctica – de la investigación o de la enseñanza – o la relativa a distintos registros de lo real), lo cual implicará algunas reflexiones en torno los usos de algunos términos claves para el acercamiento a esta temática. La tesis del artículo apunta no a forzar la contradicción entre la teorización académica y la práctica sino por el contrario a sugerir un modo de pensar su complementariedad.
Práticas de escrita escolar no ensino de História: indícios de significação do tempo em manuscritos escolares
Authors: Lima dos Santos Maria Aparecida 
Published: February 2016

Neste artigo, assumindo como base teórico-metodológica as teorias da enunciação e do ensino de História no concernente aos processos de significação do tempo na História ensinada, analiso aspectos expressivos e contextuais de um manuscrito escolar de uma aluna de 6º ano, cuja produção é, socialmente, considerada insuficiente do ponto de vista de uma escrita convencional. Pautando-me pela relevância teórica dos dados singulares e pela compreensão do escrito pela estudante como prática discursiva, objetivo dar visibilidade a indícios que subsidiam a compreensão de aspectos da relação entre processos de significação do passado e da língua escrita, a fim de confrontar essa perspectiva social. Concluo destacando as potencialidades e a necessidade de se pensar os textos escritos por crianças e adolescentes como parte do intrincado mecanismo cultural e historicamente instituído através do qual o discurso histórico escolar se reproduz.
Jogos do tempo e processos de identificação hegemonizados nos textos curriculares de História
Authors: Gabriel Carmen Teresa 
Published: February 2016

As pesquisas em ensino de história tendem a evidenciar a importância das questões de temporalidade e de identidade para a reflexão sobre os processos de produção e de distribuição desse conhecimento. O professor de História é sistematicamente interpelado e convocado a contribuir na construção e fixação de identidades por meio da mobilização de experiências (passado) e projetos (futuro) coletivos e individuais selecionados como conteúdos a serem ensinados em cada presente. Em diálogo com as teorizações do discurso e os estudos narrativos, este texto tem por objetivo explorar os jogos do tempo que articulam passado, presente e futuro nas narrativas identitárias hegemonizadas nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de História que tem como leitor potencial o professor desta disciplina.
História Ensinada e Dialogismo: prática de letramento no 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Bastos de Azevedo Patricia 
Published: February 2016

O presente estudo buscou investigar a produção de sentido em práticas de letramento na história ensinada, operando conceitualmente com o campo da linguagem a partir do Círculo de Bakhtin como arcabouço teórico em interface com o currículo. Como foco e recorte metodológico, investigou-se, em um tempo determinado do ano de 2009, o 6º ano de escolaridade do ensino fundamental no espaço específico da sala de aula de história de uma escola estadual no Rio de Janeiro/Baixada Fluminense. Na perspectiva teórica adotada, os enunciados se constituem no processo relacional situado, com um pano de fundo sociocultural, e o cenário composicional se relaciona diretamente com o emprego das enunciações e de suas relações intersubjetivas.
As noções de usos do passado e de cultura histórica como instrumental analítico para a prática e a pesquisa no Ensino de História
Authors: Santana Silva Célia 
Published: February 2016

ROCHA, Helenice; MAGALHÃES, Marcelo; RIBEIRO, Jaime; CIAMBARELLA,Alessandra (Org.). Ensino de História: usos do passado, memória e mídia. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. FGV, 2014. 280p.
High-Definition Logging-While-Drilling Microimages Provided in Real Time
Authors: Climer Eric , Ozol Christopher 
Published: February 2016

Technology Update
The development of conventional reservoirs has typically involved minimal logging-while-drilling (LWD) technology, usually consisting of survey, gamma ray, and possibly resistivity tools. As production from conventional reservoirs declines, the need to obtain more production from each well increases. With attention shifting toward the development of vast unconventional and source rock reservoirs, achieving and sustaining economic production rates depends on new drilling and evaluation technologies.
More information is needed about the formation target and reservoir in order to understand the challenges of these unconventional plays. When thinking about a well’s production potential, key characteristics must be taken into consideration, such as stress orientation, anisotropy, secondary porosity, natural fractures, and the potential of fracture propagation. New tools and technologies are necessary to determine these formation characteristics in the complicated reservoirs being developed.
One tool that is used to provide information for optimizing stimulation and well placement is the LWD microimager. These tools produce detailed electrical images of the borehole and show natural and induced fractures, faults, formation breakout, vugs, and other fine details of the formation. An accurate depiction of these features from high-resolution borehole images enables improvements in completion design.
When developing an LWD microimager, several factors must be addressed to achieve an optimal image quality. These include the need for
A conductive wellbore fluid such as water-based drilling mud
A rotating drillpipe
Reasonable contrast between the mud resistivity and formation resistivity
Minimal clearance between measurement electrodes and the wellbore
These parameters are common to all LWD microimaging tools and some counterpart wireline tools, and are acknowledged in the tool specifications. Knowing these key constraints and the desired measurement outcomes, Weatherford developed the high-definition SineWave microimager with two measurement electrode sizes to match the resolution capability of wireline tools and mitigate the negative effects of standoff and eccentricity in the borehole.
Changing the Equation: Refracturing Shale Oil Wells
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: February 2016

Refracturing Revolution
As shale operators look for ways to survive amid the current downturn in oil prices, accelerating the refracturing of older horizontal wells is turning into one of the most attractive options. In years past, when oil prices were significantly higher, the more accepted proposition was to drill and complete new wells to increase production, book new reserves, and hold onto leases.
However, since late last year, the equation has been turned on its head. In many oil-rich plays, companies are realizing that refracturing is the more budget-friendly way to achieve cash flow. Compared with the USD 8 million to USD 16 million needed for a new well, most refracture jobs are reported to cost from USD 1 million to USD 3 million. In a well where all of the sunk costs have been recovered, the extra production and incremental reserves from refracturing can net several million dollars of added profit.
Tim Leshchyshyn, founder of FracKnowledge, said the current low-price market environment has become the biggest driver for companies to reinvest in their old oil wells. One operator that his company tracks is so sold on the idea that it is considering refracturing 500 to 1,000 wells this year.
“Refracturing is what everybody is banking on,” he said. “It is the thing they are trying to get figured out because there are going to be a lot of wells to do.” As operators and service companies climb their way up the learning curve, they are trying to determine which wells to refracture, which ones to bypass, and which plays it will work best in.
Only a few unconventional producers have published the results of their refracturing programs in oil-rich plays, and many others do not acknowledge having such programs at all. But there are years’ worth of case studies from gas-rich plays such as the Marcellus, Haynesville, and the Barnett, the birthplace of unconventional shale development, that indicate refracturing can be successfully applied in the oil-rich plays as well.
Mike Vincent, an independent consultant, is seeing unprecedented demand from operating companies for his courses on how, why, and where to do refracturing. While eager to learn all they can about refracturing, many of his clients are reluctant to discuss the topic publicly. “I think there are multiple reasons why there is radio silence right now,” Vincent said.
Companies still unsure of the success rate of refracturing may be trying to avoid overselling its potential to investors. Others are certain that it works quite well, Vincent said, but are staying quiet for competitive reasons, which includes the desire to buy out other operators’ offset wells and refracture them.
Low Oil Prices Increase Value of Big Data in Fracturing
Authors: Betz Jack 
Published: February 2016

Shale operators are searching for insights to get the most value from hydraulic fracturing at a time of low oil prices.
Discovering these insights requires a closer analysis of well data in order to make more cost-effective field development decisions. “We are often working with short-term data and need to find a way to turn that into long-term well performance,” said Craig Cipolla, a senior completions engineering adviser at Hess, who spoke at the recent 2015 SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference in The Woodlands, Texas.
Companies such as Hess and Noble Energy have invested in drilling test wells with hopes of recuperating costs by optimizing future treatments. “These [ studies] require significant resources and manpower, and we can only do a limited number of these, if any at all in some cases,” Cipolla said.
Southwestern Energy has taken a different approach. It takes less expensive measurements and feeds them into models that are custom-built to be more predictive for the given play. The company already has made cost-saving adjustments to its operations based on the results of its models.
Each approach aims to make fracturing more profitable, whether by improving recovery or finding ways to achieve the same level of production at a lower cost.
Productivity Index
Southwestern has created long-term flow simulations of its Marcellus Shale gas wells from what reservoir engineering manager and technical lead Michael Lynch called “nearly free data.”
His team learned from simulations that proppant loading was one of the most important variables for productivity. Wells with high proppant loading overperformed by 40% compared with the company’s 30-well production average in the Marcellus, and those with low proppant loading underperformed by 20%.
The team also found that close spacing between fracture stages in its Marcellus assets did not significantly drive productivity. So to save money, the company has been using a wider spacing of up to 500 ft and more proppant per stage.
The main measurement that Lynch and his colleagues use to populate flow simulations is the initial productivity index, which is determined by shutting the well in and slowly opening the choke over the course of 2 to 3 days after breaking through to gas.