bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar Micromorphological Evaluation of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. – An Important Medicinal Climber
Authors: Shekhawat Mahipal S. , Manokari M. 
Published: May 2017

Background:Due to non-availability or short supply of original medicinal plants the crude drugs from the plants are adulterated by similarly resembling plants. Micromorphological studies of leaves could help in the identification and authentication of the original medicinal plant from the crude drug materials.Objective:To investigate the qualitative and quantitative micromorphological parameters of the leaves ofCardiospermum halicacabum.Method:The foliar micromorphological parameters such as orientation, stomatal types and morphology; density, distribution of trichomes and stomata; stomatal index and trichome types, paradermal sections were obtained manually by the standard method. The leaves were excised and fixed primarily in formalin, acetic acid and ethyl alcohol solution; cleared in 70% ethanol, bleached with 5% NaOH and rinsed in distilled water. The cleared leaves were used for the study of venation pattern, vein-islets, veinlet terminations and arrangement of crystals.Results:The microscopic examinations revealed the presence of anomocytic and anisocytic types of stomata with the abaxial epidermis of leaves. The stomatal density was 72 and stomatal index reported as 33.1. Glandular trichomes were few with uniseriate stalk, capitate multiseriate and multicellular head. Non-glandular trichomes frequent which were unicellular, uniseriate and bristle in nature. The density of vein islets and veinlet termination was observed as 18 and 13 respectively.Conclusion:The foliar micromorphological (stomata, vein clearing etc.) findings could be used in the proper identification and authentication ofC. halicacabumfrom the crude plant materials which is essential in quality control measures.
Calcareous Interlayer Causes and Logging Identification for the Shawan Formation of the Chunfeng Oilfield
Authors: Hou Qingjie , Jin Qiang , Li Weizhong , Lin Lamei , Jiang Wenmin , Han Wenjie 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Many sets of calcareous interlayers are present in the Shawan Formation in the Chunfeng oilfield, which leads to scattered residual oil that is difficult to extract.

Objective:
Observations of core samples and thin sections, analyses of trace element compositions and interpretations of logging data were used to identify the calcareous interlayers and identify their possible origin.

Method:
First, the petrologic characteristics of the calcareous interlayers were identified; then, we developed a quantitative function for identifying the calcareous interlayers based on well log data. Finally, the possible origin of these calcareous interlayers was identified based on these findings.

Conclusion:
The results show that the quantitative function has a high accuracy of 91.8% and average uranium content of calcareous interlayers can reach as high as 27×10-6, indicating that the quantitative identification function provided accurate identification of the calcareous interlayers, and highly radioactive uranium is one explanation for the origin of the calcium cementation.
Prevalence of Celiac Disease in 52,721 Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: International Comparison Across Three Continents
Authors: Craig Maria E. , Prinz Nicole , Boyle Claire T. , Campbell Fiona M. , Jones Timothy W. , Hofer Sabine E. , Simmons Jill H. , Holman Naomi , Tham Elaine , Fröhlich-Reiterer Elke , DuBose Stephanie , Thornton Helen , King Bruce , Maahs David M. , Holl Reinhard W. , Warner Justin T. ,   on behalf of the Australasian Diabetes Data Network (ADDN),   the T1D Exchange Clinic Network (T1DX),   the National Paediatric Diabetes Audit (NPDA) and the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health,   the Prospective Diabetes Follow-up Registry (DPV) initiative
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE
Celiac disease (CD) has a recognized association with type 1 diabetes. We examined international differences in CD prevalence and clinical characteristics of youth with coexisting type 1 diabetes and CD versus type 1 diabetes only.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data sources were as follows: the Prospective Diabetes Follow-up Registry (DPV) (Germany/Austria); the T1D Exchange Clinic Network (T1DX) (U.S.); the National Paediatric Diabetes Audit (NPDA) (U.K. [England/Wales]); and the Australasian Diabetes Data Network (ADDN) (Australia). The analysis included 52,721 youths &lt;18 years of age with a clinic visit between April 2013 and March 2014. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were constructed to analyze the relationship between outcomes (HbA1c, height SD score [SDS], overweight/obesity) and type 1 diabetes/CD versus type 1 diabetes, adjusting for sex, age, and diabetes duration.

RESULTS
Biopsy-confirmed CD was present in 1,835 youths (3.5%) and was diagnosed at a median age of 8.1 years (interquartile range 5.3–11.2 years). Diabetes duration at CD diagnosis was &lt;1 year in 37% of youths, &gt;1–2 years in 18% of youths, &gt;3–5 years in 23% of youths, and &gt;5 years in 17% of youths. CD prevalence ranged from 1.9% in the T1DX to 7.7% in the ADDN and was higher in girls than boys (4.3% vs. 2.7%, P &lt; 0.001). Children with coexisting CD were younger at diabetes diagnosis compared with those with type 1 diabetes only (5.4 vs. 7.0 years of age, P &lt; 0.001) and fewer were nonwhite (15 vs. 18%, P &lt; 0.001). Height SDS was lower in those with CD (0.36 vs. 0.48, adjusted P &lt; 0.001) and fewer were overweight/obese (34 vs. 37%, adjusted P &lt; 0.001), whereas mean HbA1c values were comparable: 8.3 ± 1.5% (67 ± 17 mmol/mol) versus 8.4 ± 1.6% (68 ± 17 mmol/mol).

CONCLUSIONS
CD is a common comorbidity in youth with type 1 diabetes. Differences in CD prevalence may reflect international variation in screening and diagnostic practices, and/or CD risk. Although glycemic control was not different, the lower height SDS supports close monitoring of growth and nutrition in this population.
Lo importante es participar: el papel de los premios a la calidad en la institucionalización de la evaluación
Authors: Ruiz López Joaquín 
Published: May 2017

Este artículo parte de la hipótesis de que las fórmulas de reconocimiento público, como los premios a la calidad, contribuyen a la institucionalización necesaria de la evaluación en el sector público al promover la práctica de la autoevaluación organizacional. Después de proporcionar una descripción general de los premios de calidad a escala internacional y en España, el documento describe en detalle el esquema «Premios a la calidad y las mejores prácticas» en la Administración del Gobierno Central, analiza sus resultados y establece vínculos entre estos y la autoevaluación de las organizaciones. Finalmente, se muestran las perspectivas esbozadas con la creación de la «Calidad y los Premios a la Innovación en Gestión Pública », abiertos a todos los niveles de la administración pública española, y destaca la importancia de su contribución a un futuro sistema de evaluación pública en España.
Apresiasi Masyarakat Miskin Terhadap Layanan Sosial Dasar Pemerintah
Authors: Sholichah Nihayatus 
Published: May 2017

Changes in the role of local government as stipulated in Law No. 23/2014 on Local Government, demanding the role of public services for quality local government to the community. In addition, the demand for public services as the rights of citizens who have direct access to the Government brings impacts on climate change in the Local Government, especially as a state servant and community service. Especially when associated with one of the factors that affect the success of an organization, which is oriented to the public service, namely its success in performing the service function to the public (public service) either in the form of goods or services in accordance with the desired needs. The phenomenon that occurs in the fishing community shows that, the level of welfare of life is low. Difficulties in overcoming the problems of daily living and poverty have made people in fishing villages have to bear the burden of life that can not be ascertained when the end. As a result of poverty, there is a difficulty in accessing services in the field of basic social services from the Government which includes food, education and health. Keywords: People's Appreciation, Poverty, Government
Immediate ex-vivo diagnosis of pituitary adenomas using confocal reflectance microscopy: a proof-of-principle study
Authors: Mooney Michael A. , Georges Joseph , Yazdanabadi Mohammedhassan Izady , Goehring Katherine Y. , White William L. , Little Andrew S. , Preul Mark C. , Coons Stephen W. , Nakaji Peter , Eschbacher Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using confocal reflectance microscopy (CRM) ex vivo to differentiate adenoma from normal pituitary gland in surgical biopsy specimens. CRM allows for rapid, label-free evaluation of biopsy specimens with cellular resolution while avoiding some limitations of frozen section analysis.METHODSBiopsy specimens from 11 patients with suspected pituitary adenomas were transported directly to the pathology department. Samples were immediately positioned and visualized with CRM using a confocal microscope located in the same area of the pathology department where frozen sections are prepared. An H & E–stained slide was subsequently prepared from imaged tissue. A neuropathologist compared the histopathological characteristics of the H & E–stained slide and the matched CRM images. A second neuropathologist reviewed images in a blinded fashion and assigned diagnoses of adenoma or normal gland.RESULTSFor all specimens, CRM contrasted cellularity, tissue architecture, nuclear pleomorphism, vascularity, and stroma. Pituitary adenomas demonstrated sheets and large lobules of cells, similar to the matched H & E–stained slides. CRM images of normal tissue showed scattered small lobules of pituitary epithelial cells, consistent with matched H & E–stained images of normal gland. Blinded review by a neuropathologist confirmed the diagnosis in 15 (94%) of 16 images of adenoma versus normal gland.CONCLUSIONSCRM is a simple, reliable approach for rapidly evaluating pituitary adenoma specimens ex vivo. This technique can be used to accurately differentiate between pituitary adenoma and normal gland while preserving biopsy tissue for future permanent analysis, immunohistochemical studies, and molecular studies.
Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in primary Meige syndrome
Authors: Zhan Shikun , Sun Fafa , Pan Yixin , Liu Wei , Huang Peng , Cao Chunyan , Zhang Jing , Li Dianyou , Sun Bomin 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVESubthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of primary Meige syndrome. However, assessments of its efficacy and safety have been limited to several case reports and small studies.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective study to assess the efficacy and safety of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in 15 patients with primary Meige syndrome who responded poorly to medical treatments or botulinum toxin injections. Using the movement and disability subscores of the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale, the authors evaluated the severity of patients’ dystonia and related before surgery and at final follow-up during neurostimulation. The movement scale was assessed based on preoperative and postoperative video documentation by an independent rater who was unaware of each patient’s neurostimulation status. Quality of life was assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form General Health Survey.RESULTSThe dystonia movement subscores in 14 consecutive patients improved from 19.3 ± 7.6 (mean ± standard deviation) before surgery to 5.5 ± 4.5 at final follow-up (28.5 ± 16.5 months), with a mean improvement of 74% (p < 0.05). The disability subscore improved from 15.6 ± 4.9 before surgery to 6.1 ± 3.5 at final follow-up (p < 0.05). In addition, the postoperative SF-36 scores increased markedly over those at baseline. The authors also found that bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus immediately improved patient symptoms after stimulation and required lower stimulation parameters than those needed for pallidal deep brain stimulation for primary Meige syndrome. Four adverse events occurred in 3 patients; all of these events resolved without permanent sequelae.CONCLUSIONSThese findings provide further evidence to support the long-term efficacy and safety of subthalamic nucleus stimulation as an alternative treatment for patients with medically intractable Meige syndrome.
Predictors of permanent disability among adults with spinal dysraphism
Authors: Davis Matthew C. , Hopson Betsy D. , Blount Jeffrey P. , Carroll Rachel , Wilson Tracey S. , Powell Danielle K. , Jackson McLain Amie B. , Rocque Brandon G. 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVEPredictors of permanent disability among individuals with spinal dysraphism are not well established. In this study, the authors examined potential risk factors for self-reported permanent disability among adults with spinal dysraphism.METHODSA total of 188 consecutive individuals undergoing follow-up in an adult spinal dysraphism clinic completed a standardized National Spina Bifida Patient Registry survey. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to assess bivariate relationships, while multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with self-identification as “permanently disabled.”RESULTSA total of 106 (56.4%) adults with spina bifida identified themselves as permanently disabled. On multivariate analysis, relative to completion of primary and/or secondary school, completion of technical school (OR 0.01, 95% CI 0–0.40; p = 0.021), some college (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08–0.53; p < 0.001), college degree (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.003–0.66; p = 0.019), and holding an advanced degree (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03–0.45; p = 0.002) were negatively associated with permanent disability. Relative to open myelomeningocele, diagnosis of closed spinal dysraphism was also negatively associated with permanent disability (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.04–0.90; p = 0.036). Additionally, relative to no stool incontinence, stool incontinence occurring at least daily (OR 6.41, 95% CI 1.56–32.90; p = 0.009) or more than weekly (OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.10–11.89; p = 0.033) were both positively associated with permanent disability. There was a suggestion of a dose-response relationship with respect to the influence of educational achievement and frequency of stool incontinence on the likelihood of permanent disability.CONCLUSIONSThe authors’ findings suggest that level of education and degree of stool incontinence are the strongest predictors of permanent disability among adults with spinal dysraphism. These findings will be the basis of efforts to improve community engagement and to improve readiness for transition to adult care in a multidisciplinary pediatric spina bifida clinic.
Social media networking in pediatric hydrocephalus: a point-prevalence analysis of utilization
Authors: Elkarim Ghassan Awad , Alotaibi Naif M. , Samuel Nardin , Wang Shelly , Ibrahim George M. , Fallah Aria , Weil Alexander G. , Kulkarni Abhaya V. 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVEA recent survey has shown that caregivers of children with shunt-treated hydrocephalus frequently use social media networks for support and information gathering. The objective of this study is to describe and assess social media utilization among users interested in hydrocephalus.METHODSPublicly accessible accounts and videos dedicated to the topic of hydrocephalus were comprehensively searched across 3 social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube) throughout March 2016. Summary statistics were calculated on standard metrics of social media popularity. A categorization framework to describe the purpose of pages, groups, accounts, channels, and videos was developed following the screening of 100 titles. Categorized data were analyzed using nonparametric tests for statistical significance.RESULTSThe authors’ search identified 30 Facebook pages, 213 Facebook groups, 17 Twitter accounts, and 253 YouTube videos. These platforms were run by patients, caregivers, nonprofit foundations, and patient support groups. Most accounts were from the United States (n = 196), followed by the United Kingdom (n = 31), Canada (n = 17), India (n = 15), and Germany (n = 12). The earliest accounts were created in 2007, and a peak of 65 new accounts were created in 2011. The total number of users in Facebook pages exceeded those in Facebook groups (p < 0.001). The majority of users in Facebook groups were in private groups, in contrast to public groups (p < 0.001). The YouTube videos with the highest median number of views were for surgical products and treatment procedures.CONCLUSIONSThis study presents novel observations into the characteristics of social media use in the topic of hydrocephalus. Users interested in hydrocephalus seek privacy for support communications and are attracted to treatment procedure and surgical products videos. These findings provide insight into potential avenues of hydrocephalus outreach, support, or advocacy in social media.
Pediatric superior semicircular canal dehiscence: illustrative case and systematic review
Authors: Lagman Carlito , Ong Vera , Chung Lawrance K. , Elhajjmoussa Lekaa , Fong Christina , Wang Anthony C. , Gopen Quinton , Yang Isaac 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study is to present an illustrative case of pediatric superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) and to systematically review the current published literature in the pediatric population.METHODSAn electronic search of the Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and Embase databases was performed by 2 independent authors through January 2017. Search term combinations included “pediatrics,” “children,” “canal,” and “dehiscence.” Inclusion criteria were as follows: English, full-text clinical studies, case reports, and case series describing pediatric patient(s) (younger than 18 years) with CT evidence of SSCD. Baseline patient demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, dehiscence characteristics, management strategies, and outcome data were extracted.RESULTSA total of 14 studies involving 122 patients were included in the quantitative synthesis. The patients’ mean age was 7.22 years. Male predominance was observed (approximate male-to-female ratio of 1.65:1). Neurodevelopmental disorders were common (n = 14, 11.5%). Auditory signs and symptoms were more common than vestibular signs and symptoms. Hearing loss (n = 62, 50.8%) was the most common auditory symptom and an indicator for imaging evaluation. Vertigo was the most common vestibular symptom (n = 8, 6.6%). Hearing aids were recommended in 8 cases (6.6%), and surgical repair was performed in 1 case (0.8%). Symptom outcomes and follow-up durations were infrequently reported.CONCLUSIONSThe authors’ data suggest that in pediatric SSCD, males are more commonly affected than females. This is different than the adult population in which females are predominantly affected. A history of otologic and/or neurodevelopmental abnormalities was common. There was a preponderance of auditory symptoms in this age group. Conservative management was favored in the majority.
Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis for over 15 Years: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Kee Youn Kyung , Park Jung Tak , Yoon Chang-Yun , Kim Hyoungnae , Park Seohyun , Yun Hae Ryong , Jung Su-Young , Jhee Jong Hyun , Oh Hyung Jung , Han Seung Hyeok , Yoo Tae-Hyun , Kang Shin-Wook 
Published: May 2017

Background Maintaining peritoneal dialysis (PD) for a long time is problematic owing to a number of factors. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics and examine the clinical outcomes of patients who received PD as a long-term dialysis modality. Methods All end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who initiated PD at Yonsei University Health System between 1987 and 2000 were screened. Patients who maintained PD for over 15 years were classified as the long-term PD group and those who were treated with PD for less than 5 years were included in the short-term PD group. Demographic and biochemical data and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Independent factors associated with long-term PD maintenance were ascertained using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Among 1,116 study patients, 87 (7.8%) were included in the long-term group and 293 (26.3%) were included in the short-term group. In the long-term group, the mean patient age at PD initiation was 39.6 ± 11.5 years, 35 patients (40.2%) were male, and the mean PD duration was 205.3 ± 32.7 months. Patients were younger, body weight was lower, the proportion of patients with diabetes or cardiovascular diseases was lower, and the proportion of low to low-average transporters was higher in the long-term group than in the short-term group ( p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age, body mass index (BMI), serum creatinine, type of PD solution, and diabetes were significant independent factors associated with long-term PD maintenance. Conclusion Peritoneal dialysis can be considered as a long-term renal replacement therapy option, especially in non-diabetic, not overweight, and young ESRD patients.
The Utility of Sonographic Assessment in Selecting Patients for Percutaneous Insertion of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter
Authors: Shanmugalingam Renuka , Makris Angela , Hassan Hicham C. , Li Yan , DeGuzman Imelda , Nandakoban Hareeshan , Aravindan Ananthakrishnapuram , Narayanan Govind , Wong Jeffrey K.W. 
Published: May 2017

Background Percutaneous insertion of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters by nephrologists is a safe and effective alternative to open surgical techniques. These patients are usually carefully selected due to anatomical considerations and medical comorbidities, with the current literature suggesting exclusion of patients with prior abdominal surgery. Method We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pre-dialysis patients who attended a preprocedural clinic in a tertiary center over 6 years. Procedural complications and catheter survival were assessed. Chi-squared test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were undertaken. Inpatient assessments were excluded. Results A total of 217 patients were assessed, of whom 171 (78.8%) were accepted for percutaneous PD catheter insertion by a nephrologist. The key exclusion criteria were: ( 1 ) the clinical presence of abdominal hernia ( p < 0.001), ( 2 ) ultrasound findings of skin to peritoneum depth of > 5.5 cm ( p < 0.001) and ( 3 ) ultrasound findings of impaired visceral slide test ( p < 0.001). Prior abdominal surgery was not a default exclusion criterion ( p = 0.1), as 63 patients (37%) with prior abdominal surgery, average of 1.3 prior surgeries per patient, were assessed as appropriate for the percutaneous procedure. There was no difference in the procedural complication rate and catheter survival between patients with and without prior abdominal surgery. Conclusion A comprehensive preprocedural assessment utilizing ultrasound permits an objective selection of patients for percutaneous insertion of PD catheters by nephrologists. This allowed for successful and safe percutaneous insertion of PD catheters in patients who may have otherwise been excluded, e.g., prior abdominal surgery, patients with large bilateral poly-cystic kidneys, and central obesity.