bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing body composition through anthropometry: Implications for diagnosing and managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Parua Suparna , Das Arnab , Hazra Anukona , Chaudhuri Prasenjit , Bhattacharya Koushik , Dutta Sulagna , Sengupta Pallav 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine disorder with profound implications for the reproductive and metabolic health of women. The utilization of anthropometric measures in the diagnosis and management of PCOS has gained increasing attention due to their practicality and predictive capacity for associated conditions such as obesity and insulin resistance. This review rigorously explores the application of various anthropometric indices, including body mass index, waist‐to‐hip ratio, and advanced metrics such as the body shape index and body roundness index, wrist circumference, neck circumference. These indices offer critical insights into body fat distribution and its association with the metabolic and hormonal perturbations characteristic of PCOS. The review underscores the necessity of addressing obesity, a prevalent comorbidity in PCOS, through lifestyle modifications and personalized therapeutic approaches. By incorporating anthropometric evaluations into routine clinical practice, healthcare professionals can enhance diagnostic precision, optimize treatment strategies, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. This integrative approach not only facilitates the management of the metabolic challenges inherent in PCOS but also contributes to the development of more individualized therapeutic interventions, thereby enhancing the overall quality of life for women affected by PCOS.
miR‐27a‐3p regulates intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation through Wnt/β‐catenin signalling
Authors: Li Chang , Zhou Yuning , Jiang Yinping , Yin Zhijie , Weiss Heidi L. , Wang Qingding , Evers B. Mark 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntestinal stem cells differentiate into absorptive enterocytes, characterised by increased brush border enzymes such as intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), making up the majority (95%) of the terminally differentiated cells in the villus. Loss of integrity of the intestinal epithelium plays a key role in inflammatory diseases and gastrointestinal infection. Here, we show that the intestinal microRNA (miR)‐27a‐3p is an important regulator of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and enterocyte differentiation. Repression of endogenous miR‐27a‐3p leads to increased enterocyte differentiation and decreased intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in mouse and human small intestinal organoids. Mechanistically, miR‐27a‐3p regulates intestinal cell differentiation and proliferation at least in part through the regulation of retinoic acid receptor α (RXRα), a modulator of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Repression of miR‐27a‐3p increases the expression of RXRα and concomitantly, decreases the expression of active β‐catenin and cyclin D1. In contrast, overexpression of miR‐27a‐3p mimic decreases the expression of RXRα and increases the expression of active β‐catenin and cyclin D1. Moreover, overexpression of the miR‐27a‐3p mimic results in impaired enterocyte differentiation and increases intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. These alterations were attenuated or blocked by Wnt inhibition. Our study demonstrates an miR‐27a‐3p/RXRα/Wnt/β‐catenin pathway that is important for the maintenance of enterocyte homeostasis in the small intestine.
Inactivation of JNK signalling results in polarity loss and cell senescence of Sertoli cell
Authors: Shen Zhiming , Gao Yang , Sun Xuedong , Chen Min , Cen Changhuo , Wang Mengyue , Wang Nan , Liu Bowen , Li Jiayi , Cui Xiuhong , Hou Jian , Shi Yuhua , Gao Fei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs major somatic cells in the testis, Sertoli cell development is precisely regulated by numerous factors, and aberrant development of these cells is associated with male reproductive diseases. JNK signalling is evolutionarily conserved and involved in multiple critical biological processes. Here, we found that the double knockout of Jnk1 and Jnk2 resulted in aberrant localisation of Sertoli cells at early developmental stages, with most Sertoli cells being lost at later stages. Further studies revealed that the inactivation of JNK signalling caused polarity loss in Sertoli cells. In vitro‐cultured Jnk1/2‐DKO Sertoli cells exhibited a senescence‐associated phenotype. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that JNK signalling is likely involved in establishing Sertoli cell polarity by regulating the expression of TGF‐β2, mediated by c‐Jun. The senescence of Sertoli cells in JNKs‐deficient mice is caused by aberrant proteolysis of P27KIP1, mediated by c‐Myc. This study demonstrates the role of JNK signalling in Sertoli cell development and functional maintenance, which may also represent an aetiology of male infertility in humans.
1116. Rhododendron boninense Nakai
Authors: Kawakita Atsushi , Komaki Yoshiteru , Tanaka Takefumi , Yamanaka Masumi 
Published: September 2024

SummaryRhododendron boninense Nakai, illustrated here, is a critically endangered endemic rhododendron from the Ogasawara Islands, whose population was once reduced to a single individual. Since the 1980s, Koishikawa Botanical Garden has made efforts to propagate and reintroduce this species to its original habitat, resulting in a current population of 60 mature plants and several natural seedlings. The pure white corolla, which lacks a nectar guide, is distinctive among related rhododendrons, suggesting that a pollinator shift occurred after colonisation of the Ogasawara Islands, where the ancestral pollinators are absent.
Digital Simulation and Designing of a Novel Osteotomy Guide for Autotransplantation in the Anterior Region
Authors: Tsukiboshi Yosuke 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAutotransplantation of teeth (ATT) is a viable treatment option for replacing teeth lost due to various reasons. Periodontal ligament (PDL) on the donor tooth is one of the most crucial factors determining the success of ATT. To preserve the PDL during surgery and improve the success rate of ATT, digital dentistry has been applied to ATT. In this article, a digital workflow including surgical simulation, a three‐dimensional (3D) replica fabrication, and a novel osteotomy guide design is introduced. Digital simulation of ATT on a patient's integrated model enables visualization of anatomical structures and the 3D position of the donor tooth prior to the actual surgery. The 3D‐printed osteotomy guide allows the transfer of the direction and depth of the planned osteotomy into the intraoral environment. The 3D replica helps prepare the recipient site before the actual transplantation, which minimizes the extra‐alveolar time of the donor tooth and decreases trauma during the try‐in process. The proposed virtual planning and the use of the guide and the 3D replica can facilitate the surgical procedures while minimizing complications.
Predictive validity of the Questionnaire for Medical Checkup of Old‐Old for all‐cause mortality and disability incidence
Authors: Hori Noriko , Li Jiaqi , Kinoshita Kaori , Yoshiura Kazuhiro , Osuka Yosuke , Satake Shosuke 
Published: September 2024

AimThe Questionnaire for Medical Checkup of Old‐Old (QMCOO) has been used nationwide in Japan as part of the health checkup for latter‐stage older adults since the financial year 2020. Although the QMCOO is useful in screening for frailty, its cutoff values for predicting adverse health outcomes have rarely been assessed. Therefore, this study aimed to calculate the cutoff values for predicting all‐cause mortality and disability incidence and to evaluate their predictive validity.MethodsThis study included 3837 health checkup recipients aged ≥75 years residing in Higashiura Town, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The health checkup was conducted from June 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021. Mortality and disability incidence were analyzed separately. For the latter, participants with a disability history were excluded, leaving 3040 available for analysis.ResultsDuring the follow‐up of 11 191 and 8550 person‐years, 276 died and 438 developed a disability, respectively. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% confidence intervals) for all‐cause mortality and disability incidence were 0.68 (0.65–0.71) and 0.66 (0.63–0.68), respectively, with QMCOO cutoff values at 3/4 and 2/3 points. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, self‐reported diseases, and frequency of alcohol consumption demonstrated the predictive validity of those cutoff values.ConclusionsThe optimal cutoff value of the QMCOO for predicting all‐cause mortality was 3/4, while the optimal cutoff value for predicting disability incidence was 2/3 among an older Japanese population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1203–1209.
Geraniol intake improves age‐related malnutrition in mice
Authors: Shibuya Shuichi , Watanabe Kenji , Sakuraba Daiki , Nagata Takeshi , Yamaguchi Yoshimasa , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Shimizu Takahiko 
Published: September 2024

AimGeraniol is an acyclic monoterpenoid that is abundant in many plants, including rose, lemongrass, and lavender. As geraniol has various beneficial functions, rose oil rich in geraniol is not only used for aromatherapy but also as a supplement to promote health benefits. However, the beneficial effects of geraniol on age‐related pathologies are unknown. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of geraniol intake on age‐related pathologies.MethodsWe orally administered geraniol to aged mice (age: 24–29 months) five times a week for 4 weeks and sampled their blood and various organs. We investigated age‐related changes in the blood and organ samples. Furthermore, we treated HepG2 cells with geraniol and examined the expression level of the ALB gene and the amount of secreted albumin in vitro.ResultsGeraniol significantly increased blood albumin, total cholesterol, and red blood cell counts, indicating an improvement in nutritional markers in aged mice. Geraniol also transcriptionally increased the Alb gene expression in the liver of aged mice. Furthermore, treatment with geraniol significantly upregulated the ALB gene expression and the secretion of albumin in the conditioned medium of HepG2 cells.ConclusionGeraniol increases serum albumin levels at the transcriptional level. Geraniol intake can be an effective strategy for age‐related malnutrition. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1233–1240.
HIV drug resistance, viral suppression, and survival in children living with HIV in Brazil
Authors: Mendes‐Ferreira Alexandre A. C. , Véras Nazle Mendonça Collaço , Pinho Rosana Elisa Gonçalves Gonçalves , Pascom Ana Roberta , Gama Lúcio , Avelino‐Silva Vivian I. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionMutations associated with HIV drug resistance (DR) affect clinical outcomes. Understanding the prevalence of HIV DR and its association with viral suppression and survival in the paediatric population is key to inform patient care and health policies.MethodsWe used Brazilian monitoring systems to identify genotyping tests performed in children living with HIV aged ≤18 months between 2009 and 2020. We categorized HIV DR using three criteria: any HIV DR (R1), DR to nevirapine or efavirenz (R2), and DR to at least one antiretroviral recommended for children with HIV in Brazilian guidelines (R3). We investigated factors associated with HIV DR, viral suppression, and survival up to 3 years old using multivariable models. Lastly, we describe the annual prevalence of each type of HIV DR in Brazilian children with HIV between 2009 and 2020.ResultsWe included 1152 children with HIV with a median age of 5 months at genotype testing; 57% were females. R1 was observed in 30%, R2 in 17%, and R3 in 21%. Children with HIV whose birth parents were exposed to nevirapine or efavirenz before delivery had higher odds of R2 (odds ratio 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–10.8). Children with HIV with R1 or R3 had higher rates of death than those with HIV with no HIV DR in the adjusted models (adjusted hazard ratios 4.7 [95% CI 1.6–13.9] and 4.1 [95% CI 1.4–12.4], respectively). The prevalence of resistance to nevirapine and efavirenz peaked in 2015. Over time, the prevalence of genotyping tests with no detected resistance varied between 57% and 87%.ConclusionHIV DR is highly prevalent in children with HIV and is associated with lower survival.
From waste to wealth: sustainable approaches and novel strategies in the utilisation of food and dairy by‐products – a critical review
Authors: Dadhaneeya Harsh , Nema Prabhat K. , Pawar Krantidip R. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe correct application of by‐products produced in the food and dairy industries is essential for attaining sustainability goals and minimising waste. By‐products, which used to be viewed as throwaway materials, have lately been recognised as valuable sources. By‐products can have significant nutritional, physiological and economic value. This paper addresses the novel techniques and technologies that have been employed to successfully transform these by‐products into products with value‐added hybrid products; there are also some instances of success mentioned, as well as the trends that will likely have an impact on the sector in the coming years. Through case studies and scientific insights, the reader may discover how businesses and society as a whole can benefit from using by‐products. Overall, the goal of this endeavour is to demonstrate the transformative potential of using food and dairy by‐products and to serve as an avenue of encouragement and knowledge for researchers, business executives and policymakers interested in increasing the value of by‐products in the food and dairy sectors. Despite the fact that there are a few articles on the utilisation of food and dairy by‐products, none of them have employed bibliometric analysis to reach insights. The present study is an exemplary instance of looking into the evolution of publication patterns over time, suggesting the need for additional research in this area.
Sensory profile of cream cheese and plant‐based analogues: an approach through flash‐profile, CATA and RATA tests
Authors: Silva Kívea Kássia de Paiva e , Domingues Galli Bruno , Alban Michelle , Baptista Débora Parra , Nabeshima Elizabeth Harumi , Marfil Paulo Henrique Mariano , Gigante Mirna Lúcia 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe distinct techno‐functional and sensory attributes conferred by milk proteins and fat are fundamental in defining the structure, texture and flavour of dairy products. Thus, reproducing cheese‐like characteristics in plant‐based alternatives while ensuring consumer acceptance is a major challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the sensory profile of commercial cream cheese and plant‐based analogues, quantifying consumer perception and discrimination, and correlating with instrumental texture analysis. For that, two milk‐based (MB1 and MB2) and three plant‐based products (PB1, PB2 and PB3) were evaluated for their proximate composition, texture profile (spreadability and firmness) and sensory properties by combining Flash Profile method (n = 13), Check‐All‐That‐Apply (CATA) test, and Rate‐all‐that‐apply (RATA) test (n = 102) with global acceptance. Milk‐based cream cheeses (MB1 and MB2) did not differ significantly from each other and presented greater spreadability when compared to all plant‐based cream cheeses (PB1, PB2 and PB3). The texture parameters of the samples were inversely related: the greater the firmness, the lower the spreadability. All forty‐two sensory attributes allowed discrimination of the samples into three distinct clusters, with no difference between the milk‐based products. The results of the CATA test showed that the attributes most correlated with the sample MB1 were the most desirable for good acceptance of the product. In turn, PB3 showed lower acceptance scores when compared to the plant‐based samples PB1 and PB2, and the attributes rancid flavour, vegetable oil aroma and nut aroma mostly contributed to the lower acceptance of PB3. Milk‐based products were very close to the ideal product, presenting a creamy and spreadable texture as key attributes for product characterisation and acceptance. The results of RATA test showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the intensity of nineteen sensory attributes. Milk‐based cream cheeses were more accepted than their plant‐based counterparts. The instrumental assessments of firmness and spreadability exhibited a negative correlation, once they were inversely proportional and strongly correlated to sensory data of firm and spreadable texture, respectively. The sensory characteristics of cream cheese analogues may present a barrier to their acceptance by consumers. Attributes such as coconut and flour flavour, artificial cheese aroma and flavour, and spreadable texture played a key role in differentiating dairy products from plant‐based ones, contributing to the lower acceptance of the latter.
Comparing gluten‐free eggless muffins' viscoelastic, rheological, and textural properties after combining seven plant‐based protein isolates with wheat, corn, and rice starches
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Singh Narpinder 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThis study aimed to substitute egg albumin with eight plant‐based protein isolates and xanthan gum for the development of gluten‐free, eggless muffins. The presence of protein isolates led to reduced pasting viscosities, suggesting limited swelling capacity of the starch granules. Incorporating different protein isolates enhanced the batter's viscoelastic properties, marked by an increase in storage and loss modulus and a decrease in tan δ, indicating enhanced gel properties compared to starch‐only batters, which showed more liquid‐like characteristics. Consequently, the muffins exhibited greater specific volume, springiness, and cohesiveness. The consistency of the muffins varied depending on the protein isolates used. The inclusion of protein isolates also altered the crust's hue, shifting it towards a reddish‐brown shade, while the crumb colour varied with protein incorporated. Sensory evaluation demonstrated that overall acceptability of the muffins improved with the protein isolates, particularly for those incorporating mung bean protein isolate. Principal Component Analysis further highlighted the strong associations between specific quality attributes, underscoring the significant impact of protein isolates on the quality characteristics of gluten‐free muffins.
Does culture matter in corporate cash holdings?
Authors: Deng Yongning , Zeng Sipeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper identifies culture as an important factor affecting corporate cash holdings by using China and its national culture, Confucianism, as the setting. We find that firms located in regions with stronger Confucian culture hold persistently higher levels of cash. We employ an instrumental variable to draw causal inference. Confucian culture strengthens the effect of cash flow risk on cash holdings of financially‐constrained firms, suggesting precautionary motives as the underlying mechanism. We find that the culture effect remains intact after controlling for corporate governance heterogeneity, which rules out the agency motives. Lastly, firms' operating performance indicates that high cash holdings is an efficient outcome.
Influenza Epidemiology and Vaccine Effectiveness Following Funded Influenza Vaccine in Queensland, Australia, 2022
Authors: Shrestha Ashish C. , Field Emma , Thangarajah Dharshi , Andrews Ross , Ware Robert S. , Lambert Stephen B. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn 2022, publicly funded influenza vaccine was made available to all residents of Queensland, Australia. This study compared influenza epidemiology in 2022 with previous years (2017–2021) and estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) during 2022.MethodsThe study involved a descriptive analysis of influenza notifications and a case–control study to estimate VE. Cases were notifications of laboratory‐confirmed influenza, and controls were individuals who were test negative for COVID‐19. Cases and controls were matched on age, postcode and specimen collection date. VE against hospitalisation was investigated by matching hospitalised cases to controls. Conditional logistic regression models were adjusted for sex.ResultsIn 2022, Queensland experienced an early influenza season onset (April–May) and high case numbers (n = 45,311), compared to the previous 5 years (annual average: 29,364) and 2020–2021 (2020:6047; 2021:301) during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Adjusted VE (VEadj) against laboratory‐confirmed influenza was 39% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37–41), highest for children aged 30 months to < 5 years (61%, 95% CI: 49–70) and lowest for adults aged ≥ 65 years (24%, 95% CI: 17–30). VEadj against influenza‐associated hospitalisation was 54% (95% CI: 48–59). Among children < 9 years of age, VEadj against laboratory‐confirmed influenza (55%, 95% CI: 49–61) and hospitalisation (67%, 95% CI: 39–82) was higher in those who received a complete dose schedule.ConclusionIn Queensland, the 2022 influenza season started earlier than the previous 5 years. VE against influenza notifications varied across age groups. VE estimates against influenza‐associated hospitalisation were higher than those against laboratory‐confirmed influenza.
A proposal for refining the ESG methodology used by rating agencies
Authors: González‐Pozo Raquel , Arenas‐Parra Mar , Quiroga‐García Raquel , Bilbao‐Terol Amelia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNowadays, global uncertainty has consequences for financial investors. Some of them consider sustainable investment as a refuge from instability. Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores are fundamental tools for assessing a company's sustainability and other ethical and social aspects. Due to this challenge, several rating agencies provide ESG grades and scores for companies, investors, and stakeholders. However, the uncertainty associated with the linguistic descriptions of the rating scales, along with partial information regarding their methodology, can complicate the decision‐making process for investors. For this reason, this paper proposes a new approach to constructing ESG scores by integrating two methodologies: ordinal proximity measures and the extended best–worst method. The former considers the different perceptions that investors may have concerning the ratings on the scale. At the same time, the extended best–worst method seeks to define criteria weight coefficients using fuzzy set theory to manage ambiguity and imprecision. These procedures are applied to obtain linguistic assessments for 115 companies worldwide in the energy utilities sector, considering a specific investor's preferences. The dataset was obtained from Refinitiv Datastream and encompasses the period from 2018 to 2021. The findings demonstrate that the proposed procedures complement and enrich the rating methodology used by Refinitiv and can enhance the investment decision‐making processes under uncertain situations.