bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary versus secondary tracheoesophageal puncture: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chakravarty P D , McMurran A E L , Banigo A , Shakeel M , Ah-See K W 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground:Tracheoesophageal puncture represents the ‘gold standard’ for voice restoration following laryngectomy. Tracheoesophageal puncture can be undertaken primarily during laryngectomy or in a separate secondary procedure. There is no current consensus on which approach is superior. The current evidence comparing primary and secondary tracheoesophageal puncture was assessed.Methods:A systematic review and meta-analysis of articles comparing outcomes for primary and secondary tracheoesophageal puncture after laryngectomy were conducted. Outcome measures were: voice success, overall complication rate and pharyngocutaneous fistula rate.Results:Eleven case series met the inclusion criteria, two prospective and nine retrospective. Meta-analysis did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in overall complication rate or voice outcomes, though it suggested a significantly increased risk of pharyngocutaneous fistula in primary compared to secondary tracheoesophageal puncture.Conclusion:Primary tracheoesophageal puncture is a safe and efficient approach for voice rehabilitation. However, secondary tracheoesophageal puncture should be preferred where there is a higher risk of pharyngocutaneous fistula.
Fact or fiction: reducing the proportion and impact of false positives
Authors: Stahl D. , Pickles A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFalse positive findings in science are inevitable, but are they particularly common in psychology and psychiatry? The evidence that we review suggests that while not restricted to our field, the problem is acute. We describe the concept of researcher ‘degrees-of-freedom’ to explain how many false-positive findings arise, and how the various strategies of registration, pre-specification, and reporting standards that are being adopted both reduce and make these visible. We review possible benefits and harms of proposed statistical solutions, from tougher requirements for significance, to Bayesian and machine learning approaches to analysis. Finally we consider the organisation and methods for replication and systematic review in psychology and psychiatry.
Duration of untreated psychosis and neurocognitive functioning in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Allott K. , Fraguas D. , Bartholomeusz C. F. , Díaz-Caneja C. M. , Wannan C. , Parrish E. M. , Amminger G. P. , Pantelis C. , Arango C. , McGorry P. D. , Rapado-Castro M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrevious reviews suggest there is minimal evidence for an association between duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and neurocognition. This is based on tallied findings of studies with small samples and neurocognition viewed as a single construct. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between DUP and individual neurocognitive domains and tests in first-episode psychosis (FEP).MethodMOOSE and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Forty-three studies involving 4647 FEP patients were included. For studies providing correlations between DUP and neurocognition, 12 separate meta-analyses were performed based on neurocognitive domains/indices. The influence of demographic/clinical variables was tested using weighted linear meta-regression analyses.ResultsThe relationship between DUP and most neurocognitive domains/indices was not significant. Longer DUP was associated with a larger cognitive deterioration index, i.e. current minus premorbid intellectual functioning (N = 4; mean ES −0.213, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−0.344 to −0.074), p = 0.003). Findings were homogeneous, with no evidence of publication bias or significant influence from moderators. For studies providing mean and standard deviations for neurocognitive measures and DUP, 20 meta-regressions were performed on individual neurocognitive tests. One significant finding emerged showing that longer DUP was associated with fewer Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-perseverative errors (mean ES −0.031, 95% CI (−0.048 to −0.013), p < 0.001). Exploratory meta-regressions in studies with mean DUP <360 days showed longer DUP was significantly associated with poorer performance on Trail Making Test A and B and higher Full-Scale IQ.ConclusionThere may not be a generalised association between DUP and neurocognition, however, specific cognitive functions may be associated with longer DUP or delayed help-seeking.
Socio-economic variations in the mental health treatment gap for people with anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys
Authors: Evans-Lacko S. , Aguilar-Gaxiola S. , Al-Hamzawi A. , Alonso J. , Benjet C. , Bruffaerts R. , Chiu W. T. , Florescu S. , de Girolamo G. , Gureje O. , Haro J. M. , He Y. , Hu C. , Karam E. G. , Kawakami N. , Lee S. , Lund C. , Kovess-Masfety V. , Levinson D. , Navarro-Mateu F. , Pennell B. E. , Sampson N. A. , Scott K. M. , Tachimori H. , ten Have M. , Viana M. C. , Williams D. R. , Wojtyniak B. J. , Zarkov Z. , Kessler R. C. , Chatterji S. , Thornicroft G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment gap between the number of people with mental disorders and the number treated represents a major public health challenge. We examine this gap by socio-economic status (SES; indicated by family income and respondent education) and service sector in a cross-national analysis of community epidemiological survey data.MethodsData come from 16 753 respondents with 12-month DSM-IV disorders from community surveys in 25 countries in the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative. DSM-IV anxiety, mood, or substance disorders and treatment of these disorders were assessed with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).ResultsOnly 13.7% of 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI cases in lower-middle-income countries, 22.0% in upper-middle-income countries, and 36.8% in high-income countries received treatment. Highest-SES respondents were somewhat more likely to receive treatment, but this was true mostly for specialty mental health treatment, where the association was positive with education (highest treatment among respondents with the highest education and a weak association of education with treatment among other respondents) but non-monotonic with income (somewhat lower treatment rates among middle-income respondents and equivalent among those with high and low incomes).ConclusionsThe modest, but nonetheless stronger, an association of education than income with treatment raises questions about a financial barriers interpretation of the inverse association of SES with treatment, although future within-country analyses that consider contextual factors might document other important specifications. While beyond the scope of this report, such an expanded analysis could have important implications for designing interventions aimed at increasing mental disorder treatment among socio-economically disadvantaged people.
Handovers in care homes for older people – their type, timing and usefulness. Findings from a scoping review
Authors: MORIARTY JO , LIPMAN VALERIE , NORRIE CAROLINE , ELASWARAPU REKHA , MANTHORPE JILL 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThere is a considerable body of literature on the importance of effective shift handovers in hospitals and other health-care settings but less is known about the transfer of information between staff starting and completing stints of paid work in care homes. In the first of two articles considering this under-explored topic, we report findings from a scoping review examining what is known about shift-to-shift handovers in care homes for older people and their equivalents. It is based on systematic searches of electronic databases of English-language journals on ageing and internet searches for material published between January 2005 and October 2016. Guidance from the regulatory body for health and social care in England, the Care Quality Commission, highlights the importance of handovers in care homes but the degree to which they are embedded into care home routines appears to be variable, influenced by factors such as workplace culture, shift patterns and the extent to which they involve all those on duty or just those with professional qualifications. Staffing shortages and whether or not members of staff are paid for their time attending handovers appear to be further constraints on their use. We conclude that there is considerable scope for further research in this field to identify and develop good practice.
(De)securitisation dilemmas: Theorising the simultaneous enaction of securitisation and desecuritisation
Authors: Austin Jonathan Luke , Beaulieu-Brossard Philippe 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article theorises the simultaneous enaction of securitising and desecuritising moves. It argues that the frequent simultaneity of these two processes, which are normally considered mutually exclusive within Securitisation Theory (ST), has previously gone unnoticed given a set of methodological, temporal, and ontological biases that have developed within ST. Demonstrating how these biases can be overcome – and even reconciled with the seminal texts of ST – by drawing on work from within social theory and elsewhere, we argue that the frequent simultaneity of (de)securitising moves most urgently requires us to reconsider the normative status of desecuritisation within ST. Although desecuritisation has traditionally been viewed as normatively positive, we argue that its temporally immanent enaction alongside securitising moves might introduce more violence into security politics and, in fact, exacerbate protracted conflicts. Ultimately, we make the normative ambitions of some within ST more opaque. Desecuritisation is not a shortcut to the ethical-political good within ST.
Procedural Models to Upgrade BITs: China's Experience
Authors: HUANG JIE (JEANNE) 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWith the rise of a new generation of investment policies, upgrading existing bilateral investment treaties (BITs) is of significant interest to states. China has upgraded 28 per cent of its investment treaties in various ways. Two investment arbitration tribunals and one highest court at the seat of arbitration have recently rendered decisions favouring the application of old Chinese BITs over the upgraded ones. China's experience with upgrading BITs may provide general policy discourse and direction for other countries planning to upgrade their BITs. Using China's experience, this article categorizes different methods of upgrading BITs into the Coexistence Model (parties to an old BIT join existing or new free trade agreements or a regional investment agreement), the Replacement Model (replace an old BIT with a new one), the Amendment Model (amend an old BIT by a protocol) and the Joint Interpretation Model (make a diplomatic announcement to interpret a BIT). This article also discusses the benefits and challenges of each model and concludes with directions for future BIT upgrading.
Toward a Two-Dimensional Model of Social Cognition in Clinical Neuropsychology: A Systematic Review of Factor Structure Studies
Authors: Etchepare Aurore , Prouteau Antoinette 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjective: Social cognition has received growing interest in many conditions in recent years. However, this construct still suffers from a considerable lack of consensus, especially regarding the dimensions to be studied and the resulting methodology of clinical assessment. Our review aims to clarify the distinctiveness of the dimensions of social cognition.Method: Based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements, a systematic review was conducted to explore the factor structure of social cognition in the adult general and clinical populations.Results: The initial search provided 441 articles published between January 1982 and March 2017. Eleven studies were included, all conducted in psychiatric populations and/or healthy participants. Most studies were in favor of a two-factor solution. Four studies drew a distinction between low-level (e.g., facial emotion/prosody recognition) and high-level (e.g., theory of mind) information processing. Four others reported a distinction between affective (e.g., facial emotion/prosody recognition) and cognitive (e.g., false beliefs) information processing. Interestingly, attributional style was frequently reported as an additional separate factor of social cognition.Conclusions: Results of factor analyses add further support for the relevance of models differentiating level of information processing (low-vs. high-level) from nature of processed information (affectivevs. cognitive). These results add to a significant body of empirical evidence from developmental, clinical research and neuroimaging studies. We argue the relevance of integrating low-versushigh-level processing with affective and cognitive processing in a two-dimensional model of social cognition that would be useful for future research and clinical practice. (JINS, 2018,24, 391–404)
Quantity and species of fish consumed shape breast-milk fatty acid concentrations around Lake Victoria, Kenya
Authors: Fiorella Kathryn J , Milner Erin M , Bukusi Elizabeth , Fernald Lia CH 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveLong-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) found in breast milk are derived from dietary sources and critical for optimal infant development. We examined associations between fish consumption and concentrations of LCPUFA and essentialn-3 andn-6 fatty acids in breast milk among mothers living around Lake Victoria.DesignWe used cross-sectional analyses of associations between recent fish consumption and breast-milk fatty acid concentrations.SettingThe study was conducted around Lake Victoria on Mfangano Island, Kenya, where multiple fish species are key dietary components and also are widely exported.SubjectsBreast-feeding mothers (n60) provided breast-milk samples, anthropometric measurements and questionnaire responses.ResultsIn the previous 3 d, 97 % of women consumed a mean of 178 (sd111) g fish (~2 servings/3 d). Mean breast-milk concentrations included DHA (0·75 % of total fatty acids), EPA (0·16 %), α-linolenic acid (ALA; 0·54 %), arachidonic acid (AA; 0·44 %) and linoleic acid (LA; 12·7 %). Breast-milk DHA concentrations exceeded the global average of 0·32 % in fifty-nine of sixty samples. We found native cichlids (Cichlidae) anddagaa(Rastrineobola argentea) contributed high levels of DHA, EPA and AA to local diets. We also found evidence for associations between fish species consumed and breast-milk LCPUFA concentrations when controlling for intake of other fish species, maternal body mass, maternal age, child age and exclusive breast-feeding.ConclusionsThe fatty acid composition of breast milk was influenced by the fish species consumed. Ensuring access to diverse fish and particularly inexpensive, locally available species, may be important for diet quality as well as infant growth and development.
Appetitive drives for ultra-processed food products and the ability of text warnings to counteract consumption predispositions
Authors: David Isabel A , Krutman Laura , Fernández-Santaella María Carmen , Andrade Jéssica R , Andrade Eduardo B , Oliveira Leticia , Pereira Mirtes G , Gomes Fabio S , Gleiser Sonia , Oliveira José M , Araújo Renata L , Volchan Eliane , Braga Filipe 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objective
The present study aimed to (i) assess the appetitive drives evoked by the visual cues of ultra-processed food and drink products and (ii) investigate whether text warnings reduce appetitive drives and consumers’ reported intentions to eat or drink ultra-processed products.

Design
In Study I, a well-established psychometric tool was applied to estimate the appetitive drives associated with ultra-processed products using sixty-four image representations. Sixteen product types with four exemplars of a given product were included. Pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) served as controls. The two exemplars of each product type rated as more appetitive were selected for investigation in the second study. Study II assessed the impact of textual warnings on the appetitive drive towards these thirty-two exemplars. Each participant was exposed to two picture exemplars of the same product type preceded by a text warning or a control text. After viewing each displayed picture, the participants reported their emotional reactions and their intention to consume the product.

Setting
Controlled classroom experiments

Subjects
Undergraduate students (Study I: n 215, 135 women; Study II: n 98, 52 women).

Results
In Study I, the pictures of ultra-processed products prompted an appetitive motivation associated with the products’ nutritional content. In Study II, text warnings were effective in reducing the intention to consume and the appetitive drive evoked by ultra-processed products.

Conclusions
This research provides initial evidence favouring the use of text warnings as a public policy tool to curb the powerful influence of highly appetitive ultra-processed food cues.
Complexity in obsessive-compulsive and body dysmorphic disorder – a functional approach to complex difficulties
Authors: Sündermann Oliver , Veale David 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders such as body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) can take many different forms of presentations. The term ‘complex’ is common and inconsistently used in both OCD and BDD. Practitioners often refer to complex OCD or BDD when patients present with severe co-morbid problems, often in the context of personality difficulties, dissociation, difficult early relationships and trauma; or when the illness is chronic and debilitating with previous multiple treatment failures. Current best-evidence treatment protocols for both disorders focus heavily on exposure and response prevention (E/RP) but with moderate success, particularly in patients who are deemed ‘complex’, and often those with relevant shame and/or disgust-based past experiences. The aim of the present paper is to (a) describe factors that contribute to complexity in OCD and BDD, and (b) link these with theory and practice. We emphasize the importance of understanding both the function of OCD and BDD-related behaviours (rather than the content of obsessions or compulsion), and the context in which they occur such as the family. We illustrate complexity in OCD and BDD using real case material, using a functional and contextual approach to formulate the client's difficulties, and demonstrate how E/RP can be enhanced successfully with imagery rescripting, family work, and compassion-focused therapy.
Cognitive behavioural therapy for visual hallucinations: an investigation using a single-case experimental design
Authors: Thomson Christina , Wilson Rea , Collerton Daniel , Freeston Mark , Dudley Robert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThere has been limited application of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to the treatment of distressing visual hallucinations (VH) in people with psychosis. Preliminary research applying interventions to a novel presenting issue are enhanced by utilizing designs that allow strong inferences to be made about the effect of the intervention. Hence, this study aimed to measure change in appraisal, affect, and behaviour as a consequence of CBT VH, to improve understanding of the process of change. A multiple-baseline experimental single-case design methodology was used with five participants who received a CBT VH treatment package. Participants used daily diary measures to record appraisals, affect, and behaviours related to the distressing VH. Standardized measures were completed at each phase change. Four individuals completed therapy. Formal visual analysis of the data supported by statistical analysis indicated significant changes for appraisal and affect, with replication across three participants. Changes in frequency of VH were reported in two cases. Change was not evident on the standardized measures. This study replicates and extends the findings in showing potential value of CBT VH. Further research should consider alternative methods of capturing behavioural change. Attempts should also be made to replicate across therapists and centres.
Orai1, 2, 3 and STIM1 promote store-operated calcium entry in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells
Authors: Wang Jian , Xu Chuyi , Zheng Qiuyu , Yang Kai , Lai Ning , Wang Tao , Tang Haiyang , Lu Wenju 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that besides the classic canonical transient receptor potential channel family, Orai family and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) might also be involved in the regulation of store-operated calcium channels (SOCCs). An increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration promoted by store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and proliferation and migration of PASMCs. In this study, our data revealed the following: (1) in both rat distal pulmonary arteries and PASMCs, chronic hypoxia exposure upregulated the expression of Orai1 and Orai2, without affecting Orai3 and STIM1; (2) either heterozygous knockout of HIF-1α in mice or knockdown of HIF-1α in PASMCs abolished the hypoxic upregulation of Orai2, but not Orai1, suggesting the hypoxic upregulation of Orai2 depends on HIF-1α; and (3) using small interference RNA knockdown strategies, Orai1, 2, 3 and STIM1 were all shown to mediate SOCE in hypoxic PASMCs. Together, these results suggested that the components of SOCCs, including Orai1, 2, 3 and STIM1, may lead to novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Small molecule screen in embryonic zebrafish using modular variations to target segmentation
Authors: Richter Sandra , Schulze Ulrike , Tomançak Pavel , Oates Andrew C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSmall molecule in vivo phenotypic screening is used to identify drugs or biological activities by directly assessing effects in intact organisms. However, current screening designs may not exploit the full potential of chemical libraries due to false negatives. Here, we demonstrate a modular small molecule screen in embryonic zebrafish that varies concentration, genotype and timing to target segmentation disorders, birth defects that affect the spinal column. By testing each small molecule in multiple interrelated ways, this screen recovers compounds that a standard screening design would have missed, increasing the hit frequency from the chemical library three-fold. We identify molecular pathways and segmentation phenotypes, which we share in an open-access annotated database. These hits provide insight into human vertebral segmentation disorders and myopathies. This modular screening strategy is applicable to other developmental questions and disease models, highlighting the power of relatively small chemical libraries to accelerate gene discovery and disease study.