bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of Reynolds phytoplankton functional groups using individual traits and machine learning techniques
Authors: Kruk Carla , Devercelli Melina , Huszar Vera L. M. , Hernández Esnedy , Beamud Guadalupe , Diaz Mónica , Silva Lúcia H. S. , Segura Angel M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

The Reynolds Functional Groups (RFG) classification scheme is an informative and widely used method in ecological studies of freshwater phytoplankton. It clusters species with similar traits, as well as common environmental sensitivities and tolerances. However, researchers face the difficulty to classify species into RFG because it relies in expert opinion, taxonomical knowledge and environmental information, which are not always accessible. Thus, a step forward is to build general statistical models to classify species into RFG.

Under the hypothesis that an organism's response to environmental conditions determines their functional traits, here represented by the RFG, we predict that morphology and classification into broad taxonomic groups will explain RFG independently from environmental information and expert knowledge.

To evaluate the predictive ability of morphological traits (e.g. volume) and taxonomic affiliation (e.g. chroococcal Cyanobacteria) as discriminant variables of RFG, we compiled 1,300 species (264 waterbodies) and applied Random Forest (RF) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART). We divided the data to train the models and test their performance.

RF successfully classified species into the 28 RFG (only c. 10% test error) with an average individual RFG success rate of 84.6 (range = 33%–100%). This is a relatively high percentage of success from an ecological point of view. It suggests that the selected variables are able to reconstruct the RFG and represent well environmental preferences, without including information about local environmental conditions as classifiers.

Our results reinforce the functional basis of the RFG and support both morphological traits and taxonomic classification as good proxies of phytoplankton responses to environmental conditions. A dichotomous key based on the CART was constructed, and an R code to classify species into the RFG is freely available. This work may help users to classify species into the RFG, including those that were not previously listed in the Reynolds classification system.
Phylogenetic conservatism of climatic niche in bats
Authors: Peixoto Franciele P. , Villalobos Fabricio , Cianciaruso Marcus V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimBats are commonly considered in the literature as an example of strong niche conservatism. However, no specific tests have been conducted to investigate the extent to which bat species niches are evolutionarily conserved. We address this question at different phylogenetic scales using phylogenetic and geographical approaches.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe used nine climatic variables to describe a multivariate representation of bat climatic niches. We measured niche position, niche breadth and niche overlap between sister species pairs. We performed a Mantel test to verify whether niche overlap was related to phylogenetic distance among species. We also tested for phylogenetic signal and compared the relative fit of evolutionary models with the observed variation of niche features.ResultsNiche overlap and phylogenetic distances were not related. At deeper evolutionary scales, we found evidence that climatic niche evolved more slowly than expected under a Brownian motion model. This indicates phylogenetic conservatism, particularly for niche position of Vespertilionidae and Molossidae.Main conclusionsWe found evidence of phylogenetic niche conservatism at the order and family levels but not at the species level. Evolution of climatic niches is non‐stationary across the order Chiroptera, consistent with the different histories of clades. We stress the importance of taking into account the method of choice, the niche feature and the phylogenetic scale being evaluated when testing for phylogenetic niche conservatism at higher taxonomic levels and its influence on biodiversity gradients.
Rhenium‐Osmium Isotope Measurements of Geological Reference Material BIR‐1a: Evaluation of Homogeneity and Implications for Method Validation and Quality Control
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Jie , Long Xiaoping , Sun Shengling , Yin Lu , Dai Mengning 
Published: July 2017

To evaluate the homogeneity of geological reference material BIR‐1a (basalt; United States Geological Survey, USGS) for Re‐Os isotopic studies at the 0.2–1.0 g test portion size level, sixty‐three precise measurement results of Re and Os mass fractions and isotope amount ratios were obtained over an 18‐month period. These data reveal that the reference material has higher Re (0.691 ± 0.022 ng g−1, 2s, n = 63) and lower Os mass fractions (0.343 ± 0.089 ng g−1, 2s, n = 63) than UB‐N (serpentinite, CRPG) and is homogeneous in 187Os/188Os isotope amount ratio (0.13371 ± 0.00092, 2s, n = 63) at the 0.2–1.0 g test portion size level. The results are essentially consistent with previous views indicating that BIR‐1a gives precise measurement results for Re‐Os isotope amount ratio measurements at the 1 g test portion size level (Ishikawa et al., Chemical Geology, 2014, 384, 27–46; Meisel and Horan, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 2016, 81, 89–106). Based on these new Re‐Os data and previous studies, we propose BIR‐1a as a useful reference material that can be used in method validation and quality control and interlaboratory comparisons for studies dealing with mafic geological samples at test portion sizes of > 0.4 g.
Multidisciplinary Team Treatment Approaches to Chronic Daily Headaches
Authors: Sahai‐Srivastava Soma , Sigman Erica , Uyeshiro Simon Ashley , Cleary Lyssa , Ginoza Lori 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveIn this review, we focus on nonmedication treatment approaches to chronic daily headaches and chronic migraine. We review the current scientific data on studies using multimodal treatments, especially physical therapy and occupational therapy, and provide recommendations on the formation of interdisciplinary headache teams.BackgroundChronic daily headache, which includes chronic migraine, is a particularly challenging clinical entity which often involves multiple headache types and comorbidities. A team approach in treating these patients may be particularly useful.Design/MethodsWe review all current studies performed with at least one or more other modality in addition to usual medical treatment, with a focus on physical and occupational therapy. Emphasis on physical and occupational therapy with an explanation of their methods and role in multidisciplinary treatment is a pivotal part of this review. We also suggest approaches to setting up a multimodality clinic for the busy headache clinician.ConclusionSetting up a collaborative, multidisciplinary team of specialists in headache practices with the goal of modifying physical, environmental, and psychological triggers for chronic daily headaches may facilitate treatment of these refractory patients.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among US Adults With Headache or Migraine: Results from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Zhang Yan , Dennis Jeff A. , Leach Matthew J. , Bishop Felicity L. , Cramer Holger , Chung Vincent C. H. , Moore Craig , Lauche Romy , Cook Ron , Sibbritt David , Adams Jon 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundGiven the safety concerns regarding pharmacological agents, and the considerable impact of headache and migraine on the sufferer's quality of life, many people seek other treatment options beyond conventional medication and care to address their symptoms; this includes complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Some CAM interventions have shown promising results in clinical trials of headache and migraine management. Nonetheless, there has been little research exploring the reasons for using CAM, and the types of CAM used, among this population.ObjectiveThe study aimed to answer the following questions: (1) Which CAM modalities are used most frequently among migraine/headache sufferers? and (2) What are the self‐reported reasons for CAM use among migraine/headache sufferers?MethodsThis secondary analysis of data from the 2012 U.S. NHIS (a national cross‐sectional survey) examined the use of CAM among migraine/headache sufferers, including the main reasons related to CAM use. Data were weighted and analyzed using STATA 14.0.ResultsThe sample of 34,525 adults included 6558 (18.7%) headache/migraine sufferers. Of the headache/migraine sufferers, a substantial proportion (37.6%, n = 2427) used CAM for various conditions; however, CAM use specifically for headache/migraine was much less prevalent (3.3%, n = 216). Of those who used CAM for headache/migraine, about half used CAM in conjunction with prescription (47.8%, n = 100) or over‐the‐counter medication (55.1%, n = 113). As severity of headache/migraine increased so did the likelihood of using CAM (severe migraine odds ratio [OR] = 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41, 3.82; both recurring headache/severe migraine OR = 3.36; 95% CI: 2.08, 5.43; when compared to those with recurring headache only). The most frequently used CAM modality among all headache/migraine sufferers (N = 6558) was manipulative therapy (22.0%, n = 1317), herbal supplementation (21.7%, n = 1389) and mind‐body therapy (17.9%, n = 1100). The top 3 reasons for using CAM for headache were general wellness (28.7%, n = 60/209), improving overall health (26.8%, n = 56/209), and reducing stress (16.7%, n = 35/209).ConclusionsAlthough CAM is used by many sufferers of headache/migraine, the use of CAM specifically for the treatment of headache/migraine is relatively low in the United States. The study also assesses the key differences of CAM use among headache/migraine sufferers in NHIS 2012 compared with those in NHIS 2007, and identifies shortfalls in the evidence‐base of several CAM modalities used by U.S. adults for headache/migraine. This information may assist health providers and consumers in making informed decisions about the safest and most appropriate approach to managing headache/migraine.
Immunological and virological response to antiretroviral treatment in migrant and native men and women in Western Europe; is benefit equal for all?
Authors:   Migrant Health Working Group for the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research in Europe (COHERE) in EuroCoord
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate differences in immunovirological response to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in migrant and native men and women within a European collaboration of HIV cohorts Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research in Europ (COHERE) in EuroCoord, 2004–2013.MethodsMigrants were defined as those with geographical origin (GO) different from the reporting country and were grouped as originating from Western Europe and Western Countries (WEWC), Eastern Europe (EE), North Africa and the Middle East (NAME), sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), Latin America (LA), Caribbean (CRB) and Asia/Oceania (ASIA/OCE). Native (NAT) individuals were defined as those originating from the reporting country. CD4 cell counts were modelled using piecewise linear mixed‐effects models with two slopes, whereas models to estimate subdistribution hazard ratios (sHRs) were used for time to virological response (VR) (i.e. time from cART initiation to the first of two successive HIV RNA measurements < 400 HIV‐1 RNA copies/ml).ResultsOf 32 817 individuals, 25 799 (78.6%) were men. The percentage of migrants was higher in women (48.9%) than in men (21.2%) and migrants from SSA accounted for the largest migrant group (29.9% in men and 63.3% in women). Migrant men and women from SSA started at lower CD4 cell counts than NAT individuals, which remained lower over time. VR was ≥ 85% at 12 months for all groups except CRB women (77.7%). Compared with NAT men and women, lower VR was experienced by NAME [sHR 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86–0.97] and SSA (sHR 0.88; 95% CI 0.82–0.95) men and CRB (sHR 0.77; 85% CI 0.67–0.89) women, respectively.ConclusionsImmunovirological response to cART in Western Europe varies by GO and sex of patients. ART benefits are not equal for all, underlining the point that efforts need to prioritize those most in need.
Hydrothermal method for the synthesis of Sb2Te3, and Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 nanoplates and their thermoelectric properties
Authors: Dharmaiah Peyala , Hong Soon‐Jik 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, a modified hydrothermal method is reported for the preparation of Sb2Te3 and Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 nanoplates and their bulk samples was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The crystal structure, morphology, and thermoelectric properties were investigated. The microstructure results indicate that the bulk samples consisted nanograins after SPS. The presence of nanograins, high Seebeck coefficient (181 μV/K), high electrical conductivity (763 Ω−1 cm−1), and low thermal conductivity (1.15 W/mK) has been achieved in Sb2Te3 nanoplate bulk samples. As a result, the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of 0.55 at 400 K was achieved. Moreover, the peak ZT shifted to higher temperature compared with other reported results found in literature.
Evaluation of the thermoluminescence kinetic parameters of zinc‐borosilicate glass after gamma‐irradiation
Authors: Soliman Hala A. , Salama Elsayed , Youssef Gamal M. , Hamad Sara 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUp until this moment, there was no detailed study concerning the kinetic parameters of zinc‐doped borosilicate glass thermoluminescent (TL) material. A significant TL peak was observed upon gamma irradiating the samples, at around 185°C. Evaluating activation energy (E), frequency factor (s), and order of kinetics (b) were conventionally obtained by peak shape (PS) method, repeated initial rise (RIR), and variable heating rate (VHR) methods. The obtained results indicated that the zinc‐doped borosilicate glass glow curve after gamma irradiation is legitimately a superposition of seven interfered glow peaks. Therefore, we cannot use computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) method alone in determining the kinetic parameters in this case. Additive dose (AD), repeated initial raise (RIR), and variable heating rate (VHR) methods together with computerized deconvolution (CGCD) method by using the TolAnal software have been applied to determine the kinetic parameters of zinc‐borosilicate glass due to the existence of several nearby overlapped peaks. RIR method gives the value of ± 2.3% average variation, for the activation energies, compared with those obtained by GCDC. The obtained results clearly show the consequences reliability.
Intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillation in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: A review
Authors: Saluja Manmeet , Gilling Peter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin has been the standard of care for high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer for 40 years. It remains one of the most successful immunotherapies ever used. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin shows superior efficacy to alternative intravesical treatments, and has an established role in reducing both recurrence and progression in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. It remains relatively safe, and has acceptable tolerability of both local and systemic side‐effects. The present review provides insights into the role of bacillus Calmette–Guérin compared with alternative treatments both in primary and refractory settings.
Association between obesity with low muscle mass and dialysis mortality
Authors: Wu Hung‐Chieh , Tseng Shih‐Fen , Wang Wei‐Jie , Chen Hsin‐Jen , Lee Lin‐Chien 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground/AimTo examine the association between body composition and dialysis mortality.MethodsAdult patients who underwent haemodialysis in Taoyuan General Hospital from 2012 to 2016 were enrolled. We reviewed their baseline characteristics and followed up their treatment over 5 years after dialysis. Patients with body mass index >25 kg/m2 were defined as obese. High or low muscle mass were classified by skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) based on consensus from Chinese population. All age‐matched subjects were classified into four groups: (A) optimal; (B) obesity; (C) low muscle mass; and (D) obesity with low muscle mass. Adjusted hazard ratios for mortality and cumulative survival curves were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan–Meier method. The discriminative power of SMMI was calculated according to the area under the curve and the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsFrom a total of 176 age‐matched patients, the incidence rates of mortality for different groups were 3.7, 7.8, 10.3 and 16.5 per 1000 person‐months. After adjusting for continuous variables, SMMI was independently associated with mortality. The difference between groups A and D was more significant in women than in men after multivariate adjustment (adjusted hazard ratios: 7.465 vs 1.682) (P = 0.035 and 0.553). The discriminative power of SMMI to predict 5‐year mortality was 0.700 for men and 0.750 for women, and the best cut‐off values were 11.1 and 8.4 kg/m2ConclusionsLow muscle mass was associated with dialysis mortality. Obesity with low muscle mass was a predictor for dialysis mortality in women.
Malignancy screening in autoimmune myositis among Australian rheumatologists
Authors: Dutton Katherine , Soden Muriel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe international literature advocates for cancer screening in newly diagnosed patients with autoimmune myositis; however, there is no widely accepted consensus or guideline to outline the optimal cancer screening strategy and the evidence is currently insufficient to support any recommendation.AimOur study aimed to establish the current trends in practice in malignancy screening in autoimmune myositis among Australian rheumatologists.MethodsAll rheumatologists who were full members of the Australian Rheumatology Association in 2016 (386) were invited to complete an online questionnaire. Respondent demographics and information on screening approach and concerns were collected using multiple choice and open‐response questions. There were 60 respondents (16% response rate). All available quantitative data were analysed and reported using statistical software. Qualitative data were analysed and grouped according to themes.ResultsMost respondents (93%) performed cancer screening. Significant variation was found in terms of approach to patient selection, choice of screening test, delegation of screening and repeat screening. A lack of clinical practice consensus and guideline (77%), test selection knowledge (37%), knowledge on repeated screening (53%) and the potential for harm (62%) were identified challenges in this area.ConclusionMalignancy screening in autoimmune myositis was variable among this small cohort of Australian rheumatologists. The observed differences were driven by patient factors and clinician preferences. The group identified several challenges in the cancer screening process. Further research is warranted to address these challenges, close the evidence gap and develop workable guidelines.
Documentation of penicillin adverse drug reactions in electronic health records: inconsistent use of allergy and intolerance labels
Authors: Inglis Joshua M. , Caughey Gillian E. , Smith William , Shakib Sepehr 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of patients with penicillin allergy labels tolerate penicillins. Inappropriate avoidance of penicillin is associated with increased hospitalisation, infections and healthcare costs.AimsTo examine the documentation of penicillin adverse drug reactions (ADR) in a large‐scale hospital‐based electronic health record.MethodsPenicillin ADR were extracted from 96 708 patient records in the Enterprise Patient Administration System in South Australia. Expert criteria were used to determine consistency of ADR entry and suitability for further evaluation.ResultsOf 43 011 unique ADR reports, there were 5023 ADR to penicillins with most being entered as allergy (n = 4773, 95.0%) rather than intolerance (n = 250, 5.0%). A significant proportion did not include a reaction description (n = 1052, 20.9%). Using pre‐set criteria, 10.1% of reports entered as allergy had a reaction description that was consistent with intolerance and 31.0% of the entered intolerances had descriptions consistent with allergy. Virtually all ADR (n = 4979, 99.1%) were appropriate for further evaluation by history taking or immunological testing and half (50.7%, n = 2549) had documented reactions suggesting low‐risk of penicillin allergy.ConclusionThe frequency of penicillin allergy label in this data set is consistent with the known overdiagnosis of penicillin allergy in the hospital population. ADR documentation was poor with incomplete entries and inconsistent categorisation. The concepts of allergy and intolerance for ADR classification, whilst mechanistically valid, may not be useful at the point of ADR entry by generalist clinicians. Systematic evaluation of reported ADR is needed to improve the quality of information for future prescribers.
The acceptability and validity of self‐collected nasal swabs for detection of influenza virus infection among older adults in Thailand
Authors: Goyal Sonal , Prasert Kriengkrai , Praphasiri Prabda , Chittaganpitch Malinee , Waicharoen Sunthareeya , Ditsungnoen Darunee , Jaichuang Siriluk , Lindblade Kim A. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundSelf‐collection of nasal swabs could improve the timeliness of influenza virus detection in older adults.ObjectivesMeasure the acceptability, adequacy, timeliness, and validity of self‐collected nasal swabs among adults >65 years in Thailand.MethodsOur evaluation consisted of two parts: a one‐month study among randomly selected, community‐dwelling older adults to simulate community‐based surveillance for acute respiratory infections (ARI); and a clinic study of older adults with ARI to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of self‐collected nasal swabs for influenza virus infection compared with healthcare worker (HCW)‐collected nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs.ResultsIn the community study, 24% of participants experienced an ARI during the observation period. All (100%) participants with an ARI self‐collected nasal swabs within 72 hours of symptom onset of which 92% were considered adequate samples. In the clinic study, 45% of patients with ARI presented within 72 hours of symptom onset. The sensitivity of self‐collected nasal swabs for detection of influenza virus infection was 78% (95% CI 40‐97) compared to nasopharyngeal and 88% (95% CI 47‐100) compared to nasal swabs collected by HCWs. Specificity was 100% (95% CI 97‐100) compared to both methods. Self‐collection of nasal swabs was found acceptable by 99% of participants in both studies.ConclusionsSelf‐collection of nasal swabs was acceptable to older adults in Thailand who were able to take adequate samples. Self‐collection of nasal swabs may improve the timeliness of sample collection but lower sensitivity will need to be considered.