bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccinations are not associated with inhibitor development in boys with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Platokouki H. , Fischer K. , Gouw S. C. , Rafowicz A. , Carcao M. , Kenet G. , Liesner R. , Kurnik K. , Rivard G. E. , van den Berg H. M. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundInhibitor development in previously untreated patients (PUPs) with severe haemophilia A is a multifactorial event. It is unknown whether paediatric vaccinations given in close proximity to factor VIII (FVIII) are associated with inhibitor development.ObjectiveTo assess whether paediatric vaccinations in close proximity to FVIII within the first 75 exposure days (EDs) are associated with inhibitor development in PUPs with severe haemophilia A.MethodsWe included 375 PUPs with severe haemophilia A (<0.01 IU/mL) from the PedNet Registry who had received vaccinations between the first and 75th ED or inhibitor development. Inhibitor risk was compared between patients who did and who did not receive vaccinations within 24, 72 or 120 hours of FVIII infusion. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios were calculated for any or repeated vaccinations in close proximity to FVIII, using Cox regression.ResultsInhibitor development occurred in 77 of 375 patients (20.5%). Overall inhibitor development appeared similar or lower in patients receiving vaccinations in close proximity to FVIII as compared to patients receiving vaccinations without FVIII: for 24 hours, this was 19.2% and 21.4% (P = .186), for 72 hours, 16.4% and 27.3% (P = .023) and for 120 hours, 18.3% and 25.0% (P = .085), respectively.ConclusionWe found no association between vaccinations given in close proximity to FVIII exposure within the first 75 EDs and inhibitor development. Our data do not support avoiding administration of FVIII at time of routine vaccinations.
Understanding sunscreen SPF performance using cross‐polarized UVA reflectance photography
Authors: Crowther J. M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesObjective methods for understanding sunscreen behaviour in vitro before they are applied to the skin have failed to keep pace with the ever‐increasing demands for higher SPF scores where the products are absorbing more and more similar levels of UV. A novel method for visualizing the spreading and location of SPF ingredients based on cross‐polarized UVA reflectance photography is described here which gives new insights into the formation of final film morphology and how it correlates with in vivo SPF efficacy for a set of test products.MethodsHigh‐resolution UVA‐based images of sunscreen films spread onto PMMA plates were captured using a modified commercial SLR camera in a custom imaging system. Visual grading and image analysis were used to describe the overall UVA absorbance and streakiness of the resultant films, and the data compared with both in vivo and calculated in vitro SPF scores for the products.ResultsDifferences were observed between the products in terms of how they spread during application. A strong correlation was observed between the evenness of the resultant film as determined from the photographs and final in vivo SPF scores.ConclusionsCross‐polarized UVA reflectance photography has been demonstrated to be a valuable new method for assessing sunscreen distribution after spreading and to differentiate product based on film morphology, as well as strongly correlating with final in vivo behaviour.
Unfolding dielectric breakdown effects on energy storage performances of modified (Sr0.98Ca0.02)(Ti1‐xZrx)O3 ceramics
Authors: Luo Qu , Yao Zhonghua , Zhang Guifang , Zhang Lin , Xie Juan , Hao Hua , Cao Minghe , Liu Hanxing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDielectric materials with large maximum polarization but small lossy hysteresis, high electrical breakdown, and postponed maximum polarization can store a large amount of electrical energy and are thus promising candidates for energy storage applications. In this work, a dielectric capacitor based on (Sr0.98Ca0.02)(Ti,Zr)O3 system achieved the elevated energy storage performances calculated from the polarization‐electric field hysteresis loops due to enhanced breakdown strength by Zr substitution. Dielectric relaxation could be ascribed to the appearance of the doubly ionized oxygen vacancies verified by activation energy. For the studied system, dielectric breakdown dominated for the enhancement of energy storage performances because of the difference of ferroelectric activity and cation stability between Zr and Ti ions. The optimal Zr‐modified composition exhibited better energy storage performances in contrast with pure (Sr0.98Ca0.02)TiO3, suggesting that they might be an emerging candidate for next‐generation high‐energy devices.
Alemtuzumab depletion failure can occur in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Dubuisson Nicolas , Baker David , Kang Angray S. , Pryce Gareth , Marta Monica , Visser Leo H. , Hofmann Werner E. , Gnanapavan Sharmilee , Giovannoni Gavin , Schmierer Klaus 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAlemtuzumab is a lymphocyte‐depleting antibody and one of the most effective treatments for relapsing multiple sclerosis. However, it also causes loss of immune‐tolerance leading to secondary autoimmunity and marked anti‐drug antibody responses. Although these anti‐drug responses have been reported to be of no significance, we hypothesized that they will affect the depleting capacity and treatment response in some individuals. This was found following analysis of the regulatory submission of the pivotal phase III trials, which was obtained from the European Medicines Agency. At the population level there was lack of influence of ‘ever‐positive’ alemtuzumab‐specific antibody responses on lymphocyte depletion, clinical efficacy and adverse effects during the 2‐year trial. This was not surprising as no one before the first infusion, and only 0·6% of people before the second‐infusion, had pre‐infusion, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). However, at the individual level, NAbs led to poor lymphocyte depletion. Importantly, it was evident that 31% of people had NAbs and 75% had binding antibodies at the end of treatment‐cycle 2, which suggests that problems may occur in people requiring additional alemtuzumab cycles. In addition, we also identified individuals, following ‘post‐marketing’ alemtuzumab use, whose lymphocyte level was never effectively depleted after the first infusion cycle. Hence, although alemtuzumab depletes lymphocytes in most individuals, some people fail to deplete/deplete poorly, probably due to biological‐response variation and NAbs, and this may lead to treatment failure. Monitoring depletion following infusion and assessment of the neutralizing response before re‐infusion may help inform the decision to retreat or switch therapy to limit treatment failure.
Comparison of the three waves of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus circulation since live poultry markets were permanently closed in the main urban areas in Zhejiang Province, July 2014‐June 2017
Authors: Cheng Wei , Wang Xiaoxiao , Shen Ye , Yu Zhao , Liu Shelan , Cai Jian , Chen Enfu 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThe sudden increase in the number of human cases infected with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus after September 2016 raised global concern.ObjectivesTo assess the changes in epidemiological characteristics of H7N9 cases since the massive closure of live poultry markets (LPMs) in the main urban areas in Zhejiang province.MethodsWe used descriptive statistics to compare epidemiological characteristics of the three distinct waves of H7N9 cases in Zhejiang province. The rural or urban cases were defined according to the location where the patients had exposure within 2 weeks before illness onset.ResultsBetween July 2014 and June 2017, 166 H7N9 cases were reported in Zhejiang province, with 45, 34, and 87 cases reported in the third, fourth, and fifth wave, respectively. Across the three waves, most reported cases were from rural areas. A similar percentage of cases in all three waves reported exposure to LPMs, raising poultry at home or around the house, as well as occupational exposure. Compared to the third (80.00%) and fourth wave (70.59%), a significantly larger proportion of cases from the non‐LPMs closure areas were observed in the fifth wave (89.66%) (P = .034).ConclusionEpidemiological characteristics of human cases infected with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus had generally remained unchanged since the massive closure of LPMs in the main urban area of Zhejiang province. The sudden increase in the number of H7N9 cases in the fifth wave was mainly attributed to the excessive cases reported from areas where LPMs were not permanently closed.
Reversible luminescence modulation of Ho‐doped K0.5Na0.5NbO3 piezoelectrics with high luminescence contrast
Authors: Zhang Yao , Liu Jian , Sun Haiqin , Peng Dengfeng , Li Ruihong , Bulin Chaoke , Wang Xusheng , Zhang Qiwei , Hao Xihong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA significant luminescence modulation behavior based on photochromic reactions was observed in Ho3+‐doped (Na0.52K0.48)0.92Li0.08NbO3 ceramics, fabricated by the conventional solid‐state reaction method. Under visible light irradiation (407 nm) for 20 second, the samples changed pale gray from initial pale green, and returned to their original color by a thermal stimulus of 230°C for 10 minutes, showing typical photochromic phenomenon. Under 453 nm excitation, the samples exhibited strong green emission at 551 nm. Interestingly, their green emission intensity can be effectively tailored by controlling photochromic reaction processes (irradiation wavelength and time), and the luminescent modulation ratio (ΔRt) reaches up to 77%. And, the ΔRt value has no any obvious degradation after 10 cycles by alternating visible light irradiation and thermal stimulus, showing excellent reversibility. These results make it potential applications in many fields as a kind of multifunctional material.
Geographic variation in Sundew (Drosera) leaf colour: plant–plant interactions counteract expected effects of abiotic factors
Authors: Millett Jonathan , Foot George W. , Thompson Julia C. , Svensson Brita M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimTo identify geographic patterns in leaf colour of roundleaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia) growing on ombrotrophic (rain fed) bogs across Europe and establish the controls over these patterns.LocationNorth‐west Europe.TaxonAngiosperms, Drosera rotundifolia.MethodsWe measured leaf colour of D. rotundifolia plants growing on 24 ombrotrophic bogs across north‐west Europe covering 26.4 degrees of longitude and 21.1 degrees of latitude. We measured the height and cover of co‐occurring vascular plant vegetation and the amount of incident light intercepted by the vegetation canopy. We determined the role of abiotic variables in controlling the patterns found. In a separate experimental study, we manipulated plant–plant interactions with D. rotundifolia by removing aboveground vascular plant vegetation and monitoring leaf colour over a single summer.ResultsDrosera rotundifolia leaf colour varied between bogs. Leaves were redder in northern latitudes and eastern longitudes, and in sites/plots with lower canopy influence, lower nutrient deposition, and a more continental climate. Canopy influence was greater on sites in southern latitudes, eastern longitudes, and with higher nutrient deposition, longer growing seasons and a more maritime climate. Nutrient deposition was higher at more southerly latitudes, eastern sites had a more continental climate, and southern and western sites had warmer and longer growing seasons. In the in situ experiment, leaves became more red when canopy light transmission was increased by removing vegetation, but not when shade net was subsequently added to reduce light transmission.Main ConclusionGeographic variation in Drosera rotundifolia leaf colour is strongly affected by its light environment, mediated by plant–plant interactions, but leaf colour is also affected by other abiotic factors. The relative importance of biotic and abiotic factors in determining geographic patterns in traits, and also species responses to environmental change, might depend on the growth form and competitive ability of a species.
Relative abundance of mature myostatin rather than total myostatin is negatively associated with bone mineral density in Chinese
Authors: Wu Long‐Fei , Zhu Dong‐Cheng , Wang Bing‐Hua , Lu Yi‐Hua , He Pei , Zhang Yun‐Hong , Gao Hong‐Qin , Zhu Xiao‐Wei , Xia Wei , Zhu Hong , Mo Xing‐Bo , Lu Xin , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yong‐Hong , Deng Fei‐Yan , Lei Shu‐Feng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMyostatin is mainly secreted by skeletal muscle and negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth. However, the roles of myostatin on bone metabolism are still largely unknown. Here, we recruited two large populations containing 6308 elderly Chinese and conducted comprehensive statistical analyses to evaluate the associations among lean body mass (LBM), plasma myostatin, and bone mineral density (BMD). Our data revealed that total myostatin in plasma was mainly determined by LBM. The relative abundance of mature myostatin (mature/total) was significantly lower in high versus low BMD subjects. Moreover, the relative abundance of mature myostatin was positively correlated with bone resorption marker. Finally, we carried out in vitro experiments and found that myostatin has inhibitory effects on the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoprogenitor cells. Taken together, our results have demonstrated that the relative abundance of mature myostatin in plasma is negatively associated with BMD, and the underlying functional mechanism for the association is most likely through inhibiting osteoblastogenesis and promoting osteoclastogenesis.
Antagonists of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in the periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes and smoking
Authors: Miranda Tamires S. , Napimoga Marcelo H. , Feres Magda , Marins Letícia M. , da Cruz Daniele F. , da Silva Hélio Doyle P. , Duarte Poliana M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the levels of sclerostin (SOST) and Dickkopf (DKK)‐1 in the chronic periodontitis (CP) associated with type 2 diabetes (DM) and/or smoking. Relationships between SOST, DDK1, RANKL, OPG, IL‐1ß, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, and pathogens were assessed.Material and MethodsThe study population included non‐diabetic non‐smokers (control), non‐smokers with DM (DM group), non‐diabetic smokers (S group) and smokers with DM (SDM group), all with CP. Serum and gingival levels of SOST, DKK1, RANKL, OPG, IL‐1ß, IL‐6 and TNF‐α were evaluated by multiplex immunoassay. Gene expressions of these biomarkers and subgingival levels of pathogens were assessed by qPCR.ResultsGingival protein and/or mRNA levels of DKK1 and SOST were higher in subjects with DM and/or smoking than in controls (p < .05). Serum levels of SOST were higher in the DM group than in controls (p < .05). DKK1 positively correlated with SOST in the DM, SDM and control groups (p < .05) at mRNA levels. DKK‐1 and SOST correlated with pathogens, especially in both groups with DM.ConclusionsSOST and DKK1 were upregulated in patients with CP presenting DM and/or smoking. DM, alone or with smoking, particularly influenced the correlations of SOST and DKK1 with each other and with the other biomarkers mostly at mRNA levels, as well as with periodontal pathogens.
Effects of atorvastatin on autophagy in skeletal muscles of diabetic rats
Authors: Yang Bingquan , Sun Jie , Yuan Yang , Sun Zilin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionAtorvastatin is usually used to decrease the amount of fatty substances in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, it can cause side‐effects, such as breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue. The present study focused on the effects of atorvastatin on autophagy of the skeletal muscles in diabetic rats.Materials and MethodsDiabetes in rats in the diabetic (D) and atorvastatin (T) groups was induced using streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection). Next, rats in the T group were treated with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day, intragastric administration), whereas rats in the control and D groups were given water. Additionally, the rats in T and D groups were fed a high‐fat and high‐sugar diet for 10 weeks. Subsequently, the histopathological changes, and expression levels of microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)‐I/‐II and p62 in the skeletal muscle specimens in the three groups were analyzed.ResultsRats in the T group had reduced lipid droplets, cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (P < 0.05) levels than those in the D group. Disordered atrophic myocytes, incrassated vascular walls and decreased cross‐sectional area of type I fibers were found using hematoxylin–eosin and adenosine triphosphatase staining in the D and T groups. The messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels of LC3‐II and the LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio were increased in the T group compared with those in the other groups (P < 0.05), whereas the protein level of p62 showed the opposite trend.ConclusionsAtorvastatin enhanced the autophagy level of skeletal muscles to decrease lipid deposition, which possibly exacerbated myopathy.
Hydrogen peroxide bleaching induces changes in the physical properties of dental restorative materials: Effects of study protocols
Authors: Yu Hao , Zhang Chang‐yuan , Wang Yi‐ning , Cheng Hui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of study protocols on the effects of bleaching on the surface roughness, substance loss, flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), Weibull parameters, and color of 7 restorative materials.Materials and MethodsThe test materials included 4 composite resins, 1 glass‐ionomer cement, 1 dental ceramic, and 1 polyacid‐modified composite. The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 20) according to different study protocols: a bleaching group at 25°C (group 25B), a bleaching group at 37°C (group 37B), a control group at 25°C (group 25C), and a control group at 37°C (group 37C). The specimens in the bleaching group were treated with 40% hydrogen peroxide for 80 min at the respective environmental temperatures. The surface roughness, substance loss, FS, FM, and color of the specimens were measured before and after treatment. FS data were also subjected to Weibull analysis, which was used to estimate of the Weibull modulus (m) and the characteristic strength (σ0).ResultsSurface roughness increased and significant color changes were observed for all tested specimens after bleaching treatment, except for the ceramic. After bleaching at 37°C, the polyacid‐modified composite showed significantly reduced FS, FM, m, and σ0 values in comparison to the control specimens stored at 37°C in whole saliva. Significant differences were also found between the 37B and 25B polyacid‐modified composite groups in terms of surface roughness, FS, m, σ0, and color changes.ConclusionsVarying effects of bleaching on the physical properties of dental restorative materials were observed, and the influences of the study protocols on bleaching effects were found to be material‐dependent.Clinical SignificanceThe influence of study protocols on the effects of bleaching on the surface roughness, flexural properties, and color of dental restorative materials are material‐dependent and should be considered when evaluating the effects of bleaching on dental restorative materials.
The impact of different heating temperatures on physicochemical, color attributes, and antioxidant activity parameters of Greek honeys
Authors: Karabagias Vassilios K. , Karabagias Ioannis K. , Gatzias Ilias 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of different heating temperatures (40 °C, 45 °C, and 80 °C) on specific physicochemical, color attributes, and antioxidant activity parameters of honeys collected from different geographical and botanical origins, served as the control samples. Physicochemical parameters taken into account were: pH, electrical conductivity, free acidity (FA), and CIE color parameters (L*, a*, b*). The antioxidant activity was estimated using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Finally, total pigment content and browning index values were estimated using spectrometric assays. Results showed that the majority of the investigated parameters were affected by heating temperatures, compared to control samples (p < .05). Based primarily on the color stability of thermally treated samples, mild heating of honey at temperatures between 40 °C and 45 °C was found suitable for increasing its overall antioxidant activity. Conclusively, mild thermal treatment is proposed as an innovative technology for increasing honey antioxidant properties.Practical ApplicationsThe present research highlights the possible beneficial use of specific heating temperatures on the improvement of physicochemical properties related to unifloral honeys. Data may be implemented in both: market and home‐made applications with the preparation of some soft drinks or beverages, bread breakfast, honey crackers, honey bars, honey chocolates, etc. containing an amount of honey which is thermally pre‐treated in mild temperatures.
Microbial contamination and good manufacturing practices in school kitchen
Authors: Rossi Eliandra Mirlei , Beilke Luniele , Barreto Jessica Fernanda 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study evaluated microbial contamination and good manufacturing practices (GMP) in school kitchens. Thus, the kitchen of four municipal schools have been assessed through microbiological analysis performed in their cutting boards (n = 12), kitchen sinks (n = 12), dish cloths (n = 12), hands of food handlers (n = 22), kitchen sponges (n = 12), milk (n = 10), and water (n = 10). A questionnaire was also applied to food handlers in order to access their profiles and get to know their daily practices inside school kitchens. The results this study showed that all samples (surfaces, cutting boards, kitchen sponges, milk, and water) were contaminated with heterotrophic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was found on the surface of sinks, dish cloths, cutting boards, and on the hands of food handlers. Fecal coliforms were found on sinks, water, and milk. Results from the survey reveal that food handlers know about GMP, but they do not perform these activities in school kitchens.Practical applicationsThe presented study shows that the schools there are failures in good manufacturing practices (GMP), which increase the risks of food contamination. In addition, we also showed microbial contamination on surface, cutting boards, kitchen sponges, and in food (milk and water) on schools which it make a risk for the development of foodborne diseases, since children have a relatively lower immunity than adults, additional safety measures are needed to protect them from foodborne pathogens and high microbial contamination in school. The microbial contamination in schools show that although the food handlers know about GMP, but there is a necessity for correct surface cleaning in food preparation to avoid foodborne illnesses proliferation in schools