bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Evidence of Inner Retinal Neurodegeneration in Retinitis Pigmentosa Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Alshareef Rayan A. , You Qisheng , Barteselli Giulio , Rao Harsha L. , Goud Ashwin , Chhablani Jay 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the topographic changes in macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Forty-five eyes of 25 subjects with RP who underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) using the Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) were analyzed retrospectively. A control group of 67 eyes of 48 age-matched healthy volunteers was also included for comparison. Average, minimum, and sectoral macular GCIPL, as well as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and outer retinal (OR) thicknesses, were collected and compared between RP and control groups.

RESULTS:

The average and sectoral macular GCIPL thicknesses were significantly reduced in RP eyes compared with controls (
P
< .0001). Average macular RNFL thickness was reduced in RP eyes compared with controls (
P
< .054).

CONCLUSIONS:
In eyes with RP, display reduced GCIPL, RNFL, and OR thickness. The identification of alteration in RNFL, OR, and GCIPL thickness may be useful for future therapeutic implications.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:828–835.]
THREE BAYS ESTUARY (BARNSTABLE, CAPE COD) WATERSHED RESTORATION PLAN: A GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE APROACH
Authors: Horsley Scott , Perry Erin , Counsell Lindsey 
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION This paper presents an approach described as “non-traditional” for restoring water quality and ecosystem services that have been degraded as a result of excess nitrogen. It focuses on emerging technologies often referred to as green infrastructure. These technologies may provide cost effective alternatives to traditional, gray infrastructure such as sewering and is likely to provide significant co-benefits including the creation of local jobs, the preservation of real estate values, and habitat enhancement. The paper focuses on the Three Bays estuary on Cape Cod to illustrate the benefits and potential of green infrastructure technologies. The Three Bays estuary is presented as a case study and as a representative example of implementation of the broader Cape Cod Water Quality Management Plan Update (208 Plan Update) – a nationally-recognized watershed planning project designed to provide a pathway for the fifteen towns of Cape Cod to achieve compliance with Section 208 of the Clean Water Act. The Three Bays estuary and embayment system is a scenic Cape Cod bay that hosts sailing, kayaking, swimming and shellfishing and is located in the Town of Barnstable. It is comprised of three primary segments that include West Bay, North Bay and Cotuit Bay. Sub-systems include Prince Cove that flows into North Bay, the Narrows that flows between North Bay and Cotuit Bay and Eel Pond that flows into East Bay (see Figure 1). The Massachusetts Estuaries Project (MEP) is a state-sanctioned watershed-modeling project that assesses the conditions of the state's estuaries and required restoration goals. Its technical report (2006) indicates that the water quality of the Three Bays system has resulted in seriously degraded to moderately degraded habitat. The system is listed as an impaired water body on the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 303d list of impaired waters. An approved Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for nitrogen has been established for the embayment. This assessment is supported by more recent empirical water quality data collected within the embayment. The more current data documents a continuing decline in water quality with more common algae blooms (see Figure 2).
La formación institucional de investigadores en comunicación y la alfabetización mediática. El caso del Doctorado en Investigación de la Comunicación
Authors: Arévalo-Martínez Rebeca-Illiana , Del Prado-Flores Rogelio , Ramírez-Beltrán Rafael-Tonatiuh 
Published: September 2016

El artículo analiza la pertinencia y necesidad de educar a nivel posgrado a los futuros investigadores de la comunicación en México, en algunas áreas como los procesos educativos con la incorporación de aspectos digitales utilizándolos en el mismo proceso formativo. Metodología. Se explora el contexto geopolítico y los estudios de campo y teóricos que le dieron origen, y por medio de una investigación cualitativa se evalúa cómo la variable de la alfabetización mediática y sus repercusiones en las nuevas características ciudadanas, se ha manifestado como un síntoma imprescindible curricular. Resultados y discusión: Una de las principales competencias requerida en un investigador de la comunicación es el manejo de la tecnología y la innovación. Por lo que se ha hecho necesario incorporar la alfabetización mediática como contenido en los seminarios, como objeto transversal en la formación de los investigadores, así como en la producción de nuevas certezas científicas en comunicación.
Medios y violencia simbólica contra las mujeres
Authors: Galarza Fernández Emelina , Cobo Bedía Rosa , Esquembre Cerdá Maria del Mar 
Published: September 2016

En esta investigación se ha analizado la violencia estructural contra las mujeres existentes en la sociedad, y la contribución de los medios de comunicación a la misma. Ello a pesar del marco jurídico, internacional y nacional, tanto referido a los medios de comunicación como a la igualdad de género. El análisis así como las aportaciones que se realizan a modo de conclusiones se enmarcan dentro de la teoría crítica que representa el feminismo. Resultados. De entre las soluciones que se pueden realizar desde las administraciones públicas se señalan dos: una de cara a los medios de comunicación y otra de cara a la ciudadanía. Conclusiones. Las administraciones competentes deben exigir una cuota de difusión de contenidos de igualdad, así como formar a la sociedad civil organizada en alfabetización mediática con perspectiva de género.
Tillage-induced short-term soil organic matter turnover and respiration
Authors: Fiedler Sebastian Rainer , Leinweber Peter , Jurasinski Gerald , Eckhardt Kai-Uwe , Glatzel Stephan 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Tillage induces decomposition and mineralisation of soil organic matter (SOM) by the disruption of macroaggregates and may increase soil CO2 efflux by respiration, but these processes are not well understood at the molecular level. We sampled three treatments (mineral fertiliser: MF; biogas digestate: BD; unfertilised control: CL) of a Stagnic Luvisol a few hours before and directly after tillage as well as 4 days later from a harvested maize field in northern Germany and investigated these samples by means of pyrolysis-field ionisation mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) and hot-water extraction. Before tillage, the Py-FIMS mass spectra revealed differences in relative ion intensities of MF and CL compared to BD most likely attributable to the cattle manure used for the biogas feedstock and to relative enrichments during anaerobic fermentation. After tillage, the CO2 effluxes were increased in all treatments, but this increase was less pronounced in BD. We explain this by restricted availability of readily biodegradable carbon compounds and possibly an inhibitory effect of sterols from digestates. Significant changes in SOM composition were observed following tillage. In particular, lignin decomposition and increased proportions of N-containing compounds were detected in BD. In MF, lipid proportions increased at the expense of ammonia, ammonium, carbohydrates and peptides, indicating enhanced microbial activity. SOM composition in CL was unaffected by tillage. Our analyses provide strong evidence for significant short-term SOM changes due to tillage in fertilised soils.
Uitoefening aandeelhoudersrechten, in de Code en de praktijk
Authors: van der Krans A. 
Published: September 2016

Uitoefening aandeelhoudersrechten, in de Code en de praktijk
Anatoli van der Krans gaat in zijn artikel in op de wijzigingen die de Monitoring Commissie Corporate Governance voorstelt rondom het thema ‘relatie met aandeelhouders’. Dit betreffen achtereenvolgens (i) de aanwezigheid van voorgedragen bestuurders en commissarissen; (ii) de responstijd; (iii) certificering; en (iv) taal. Verder signaleert hij een aantal belangrijke punten die momenteel schuren en bij een meer fundamentele discussie kunnen worden meegenomen. Met name de vrijwel totale scheiding tussen dialoog en het maken van een stembeslissing enerzijds en de formele besluitvorming op de AVA anderzijds bij grote beursvennootschappen is zorgwekkend en onderstreept de noodzaak tot verdere gedachtenvorming over de rol van de AVA
Angiogenic Potential of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chondrocyte Brick-Enriched Constructs Promoted Stable Regeneration of Craniofacial Cartilage
Authors: Li Zhiye , Ba Ruikai , Wang Zhifa , Wei Jianhua , Zhao Yimin , Wu Wei 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Craniofacial deformities caused by congenital defects or trauma remain challenges for clinicians, whereas current surgical interventions present limited therapeutic outcomes. Injection of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into the defect is highly desirable because such a procedure is microinvasive and grafts are more flexible to fill the lesions. However, preventing hypertrophic transition and morphological contraction remain significant challenges. We have developed an “all host derived” cell transplantation system composed of chondrocyte brick (CB)-enriched platelet-rich plasma (P) gel and BMSCs (B). Without exogenous biomaterials or growth factors, such grafts regenerate cartilage efficiently and present great clinical promise. In immunodeficient mice, we compared performance of BMSCs and BMSCs lacking angiogenic potential in CB-B-P constructs and followed the cartilage maturation process by histology, immunostaining, micro-computed tomography, and protein analysis. We determined that angiogenesis occurred quickly inside rudimentary cartilage derived from CB-B-P constructs after implantation, which improved tissue survival, tissue growth, and production of chondrogenic signals from chondrocytes. In contrast, silencing angiogenic potential of BMSCs led to poor chondrogenesis accompanied by necrosis. Chondrocyte bricks merged rapidly with angiogenesis, which constituted an enclosed chondrogenic niche and effectively inhibited runt-related transcription factor-2-dependent hypertrophic transition of BMSCs as well as endochondral ossification; progressive chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs resulted in vascularization regression, thus favoring persistent chondrogenesis and effectively augmenting nasal cartilage. In conclusion, these findings provided a novel, efficient approach to regenerating cartilage tissues in vivo. Chondrocyte bricks mixed with P provide transient vascularization and a persistently chondrogenic microenvironment for BMSCs; this provides a mini-invasive approach for craniofacial cartilage reconstruction.
Reliability and Validity of the Computerized Dynamic Posturography Sensory Organization Test in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hebert Jeffrey R. , Manago Mark M. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
People with multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently have impaired postural control (balance). Psychometric properties of clinical tests of balance for individuals with MS, including the computerized dynamic posturography sensory organization test (CDP-SOT), are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the reliability and discriminant validity of the CDP-SOT in people with MS.

Methods:
The CDP-SOT was performed on 30 participants with MS. A 2-week–interval, repeated-measures (sessions 1 and 2) design was implemented to investigate test-retest reliability of the CDP-SOT and the ability of the CDP-SOT to discriminate between participants with lower versus higher disability. Self-reported disability level was based on Patient-Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) scale scores: lower (PDDS scale score, 0–3; n = 17) and higher (PDDS scale score, 4–6; n = 13).

Results:
All six conditions of the CDP-SOT had good-to-excellent reliability (interclass correlation coefficients, 0.70–0.90) and excellent reliability for composite scores (0.90). Composite scores were significantly greater in the lower-disability group versus the higher-disability group at session 1 (70.89 vs. 48.60, P = .001) and session 2 (74.82 vs. 48.85, P = .002).

Conclusions:
The CDP-SOT is a reliable measure of balance and accurately differentiates disability status in people with MS. Collectively, the results support clinical application of the CDP-SOT as a reliable and valid measure of disease-related progression of impaired balance related to sensory integration and its utility in determining changes in balance in response to treatment.
Bcl-2homologueDebclenhancesα-synuclein-induced phenotypes inDrosophila
Authors: M’Angale P. Githure , Staveley Brian E. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundParkinson disease (PD) is a debilitating movement disorder that afflicts 1–2% of the population over 50 years of age. The common hallmark for both sporadic and familial forms of PD is mitochondrial dysfunction. Mammals have at least twenty proapoptotic and antiapoptoticBcl-2family members, in contrast, only twoBcl-2family genes have been identified inDrosophila melanogaster, the proapoptotic mitochondrial localizedDebcland the antiapoptoticBuffy. The expression of the human transgeneα-synuclein, a gene that is strongly associated with inherited forms of PD, in dopaminergic neurons (DA) of Drosophila, results in loss of neurons and locomotor dysfunction to model PD in flies. The altered expression ofDebclin the DA neurons and neuron-rich eye and along with the expression ofα-synucleinoffers an opportunity to highlight the role ofDebclin mitochondrial-dependent neuronal degeneration and death.ResultsThe directed overexpression ofDebclusing theDdc-Gal4transgene in the DA of Drosophila resulted in flies with severely decreased survival and a premature age-dependent loss in climbing ability. The inhibition ofDebclresulted in enhanced survival and improved climbing ability whereas the overexpression ofDebclin theα-synuclein-induced Drosophila model of PD resulted in more severe phenotypes. In addition, the co-expression ofDebclalong withBuffypartially counteracts theDebcl-induced phenotypes, to improve the lifespan and the associated loss of locomotor ability observed. In complementary experiments, the overexpression ofDebclalong with the expression ofα-synucleinin the eye, enhanced the eye ablation that results from the overexpression ofDebcl. The co-expression ofBuffyalong withDebcloverexpression results in the rescue of the moderate developmental eye defects. The co-expression ofBuffyalong with inhibition ofDebclpartially restores the eye to a roughened eye phenotype.DiscussionThe overexpression ofDebclin DA neurons produces flies with shortened lifespan and impaired locomotor ability, phenotypes that are strongly associated with models of PD in Drosophila. The co-expression ofDebclalong withα-synucleinenhanced the PD-like phenotypes. The co-expression ofDebclalong withBuffysuppresses these phenotypes. Complementary experiments in the Drosophila eye show similar trends during development. Taken all together these results suggest a role forDebclin neurodegenerative disorders.
Dissolved iron and iron isotopes in the southeastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Fitzsimmons Jessica N. , Conway Tim M. , Lee Jong‐Mi , Kayser Richard , Thyng Kristen M. , John Seth G. , Boyle Edward A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Southeast Pacific Ocean is a severely understudied yet dynamic region for trace metals such as iron, since it experiences steep redox and productivity gradients in upper waters and strong hydrothermal iron inputs to deep waters. In this study, we report the dissolved iron (dFe) distribution from seven stations and Fe isotope ratios (δ56Fe) from three of these stations across a near‐zonal transect from 20 to 27°S. We found elevated dFe concentrations associated with the oxygen‐deficient zone (ODZ), with light δ56Fe implicating porewater fluxes of reduced Fe. However, temporal dFe variability and rapid δ56Fe shifts with depth suggest gradients in ODZ Fe source and/or redox processes vary over short‐depth/spatial scales. The dFe concentrations decreased rapidly offshore, and in the upper ocean dFe was controlled by biological processes, resulting in an Fe:C ratio of 4.2 µmol/mol. Calculated vertical diffusive Fe fluxes were greater than published dust inputs to surface waters, but both were orders of magnitude lower than horizontal diffusive fluxes, which dominate dFe delivery to the gyre. The δ56Fe data in the deep sea showed evidence for a −0.2‰ Antarctic Intermediate Water end‐member and a heavy δ56Fe of +0.55‰ for distally transported hydrothermal dissolved Fe from the East Pacific Rise. These heavy δ56Fe values were contrasted with the near‐crustal δ56Fe recorded in the hydrothermal plume reaching Station ALOHA in the North Pacific. The heavy hydrothermal δ56Fe precludes a nanopyrite composition of hydrothermal dFe and instead suggests the presence of oxides or, more likely, binding of hydrothermal dFe by organic ligands in the distal plume.
Estimation of time‐variable fast flow path chemical concentrations for application in tracer‐based hydrograph separation analyses
Authors: Kronholm Scott C. , Capel Paul D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMixing models are a commonly used method for hydrograph separation, but can be hindered by the subjective choice of the end‐member tracer concentrations. This work tests a new variant of mixing model that uses high‐frequency measures of two tracers and streamflow to separate total streamflow into water from slowflow and fastflow sources. The ratio between the concentrations of the two tracers is used to create a time‐variable estimate of the concentration of each tracer in the fastflow end‐member. Multiple synthetic data sets, and data from two hydrologically diverse streams, are used to test the performance and limitations of the new model (two‐tracer ratio‐based mixing model: TRaMM). When applied to the synthetic streams under many different scenarios, the TRaMM produces results that were reasonable approximations of the actual values of fastflow discharge (±0.1% of maximum fastflow) and fastflow tracer concentrations (±9.5% and ±16% of maximum fastflow nitrate concentration and specific conductance, respectively). With real stream data, the TRaMM produces high‐frequency estimates of slowflow and fastflow discharge that align with expectations for each stream based on their respective hydrologic settings. The use of two tracers with the TRaMM provides an innovative and objective approach for estimating high‐frequency fastflow concentrations and contributions of fastflow water to the stream. This provides useful information for tracking chemical movement to streams and allows for better selection and implementation of water quality management strategies.
Continuity or conquest? A multi‐isotope approach to investigating identity in the Early Iron Age of the Southern Levant
Authors: Gregoricka Lesley A. , Sheridan Susan Guise 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesAcross the Mediterranean and Near East, the transition from the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1550–1200 BC) to the Early Iron Age (ca. 1200–900 BC) was accompanied by profound cultural change. While this transformation was initially attributed to invasion or conquest, more recent, nuanced interpretations of archaeological and biological data now emphasize the decline of palatial economies, a shift away from centralized political authority, and internal social restructuring amidst rapid climate change in lieu of “collapse.” Correspondingly, the hypothesis that Early Iron Age populations in Palestine represent the same ethnic group whose culture nevertheless underwent considerable change by actively adapting to internal and external forces was tested using biogeochemical data from individuals interred within an Early Iron Age tomb at the site of Tell Dothan.Materials and MethodsHuman dental enamel from molars (n = 43) recovered from Tomb I at Tell Dothan was analyzed for radiogenic strontium isotope ratios and stable oxygen and carbon (VPDB) isotope values.ResultsStrontium (mean = 0.70816 ± 0.00005, 1σ) isotope ratios, as well as oxygen (mean = −2.3 ± 0.7‰, 1σ) and carbon (mean = −11.9 ± 0.5‰, 1σ) isotope values, all display little variability.DiscussionThe absence of non‐locals at Tell Dothan indicates that population replacement does not adequately explain the sociopolitical changes observed in the archaeological record. Further, homogeneity among isotope values is indicative of a community that was not highly mobile, suggesting that decentralization and a corresponding transition to a more mobile lifestyle may not accurately reflect the adaptive strategies of all human groups during this period as a mechanism to cope with social and environmental change.
Investigation of sinonasal microbiome spatial organization in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Gitomer Sarah , Kofonow Jennifer M. , Robertson Charles E. , Frank Daniel N. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial inflammatory airway disorder in which bacteria are implicated in the initiation and/or sustenance of disease in some patients. The sinuses are colonized by bacteria even in health, and the potential for sinus‐specific niches harboring unique microbial consortia raises questions for clinical and research investigation. The objective was to determine the degree to which resident upper airways microbiota differ between individuals and anatomic sites, in order to determine the optimal site of microbial sampling for study in CRS.MethodsEight CRS patients undergoing primary surgery were sampled bilaterally at the anterior nares, middle meatus, nasopharynx, maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, and sphenoid sinus for investigation using broad‐range bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing.ResultsBetween‐subject variability in bacterial microbiota was substantially greater than within‐subject variability. The middle meatus was fairly representative of the underlying sinuses, although corynebacteria were detected at higher abundances in the middle meatus, relative to the maxillary (p < 0.1), frontal (p < 0.05), or sphenoid (p < 0.1) sinuses.ConclusionInterpersonal variation of the upper airway microbiome greatly outweighs niche‐specific differences. The middle meatus is a fair representation of the underlying sinuses and may be considered for use as a simple single site for sampling in longitudinal studies or in subjects who have not undergone sinus surgery.
Influence of K+ and Na+ ions on the degradation of wet‐spun alginate fibers for tissue engineering
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Huang Chen , Jin Xiangyu 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTA synthetic type of wet‐spun alginate fibers were immersed in simulated body fluid(SBF) composed of K+, Na+, and Ca2+ cations with various concentrations. Experimental measurements revealed that Na+ had a greater impact on degradability than that of K+ ion. The finding was further confirmed by the characterization of mass loss, ICP, XRD, and theoretical analyses. The degradation process and mechanism were demonstrated through the research on swelling behavior and mass loss. Besides, the wet‐spun alginate fibers were characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, and SEM. The results showed that the degradation mechanism could be attributed to the ion‐exchange between Ca2+ of the synthetic alginate fibers and Na+, K+ of the solutions under the osmotic pressure. The synthetic fibers were swelled and then degraded faster with the presence of Na+ ion presented greater influence on degradability compared with K+ ion. The degradation results of a mechanical rupture of fibers due to excessive water uptake without the occurrence of any chemical changes in the spun alginates structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44396.