bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicast Routing Protocol for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Anitha J , Kumar B Anil , Rakesh M.S 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOne of the critical issue in Wireless Sensor Network is energy consumption during sensing and communication. To reduce this issue, researchers have proved that energy efficiency can be minimized using bio inspired algorithms. It assumes that nodes have characteristic such as self organization, dynamic topology. Here we propose a multicast routing protocol called Bats Energy Efficient Multicast Routing Protocol (B‐EMP), wherein power consumption is reduced by delivering the packet using multicast trees. It has high computational efficiency, low variance and high capability to handle noise in the data set compared to other wrapper methods. After the deployment, specific source and destination nodes are grouped in region for multicast routing. B‐EMP introduces the strategy of grouping the nodes to select the intermediate nodes for constructing the multicast trees. Simulation results which show that B‐EMP can achieve high performance in terms of network lifetime 18% compared to Energy Group Multicast Protocol (EGMP) 15% zonal routing protocol.
Storytelling as a Key Enabler for Systems Engineering
Authors: Devaney Kevin , Johnson James 
Published: August 2017

AbstractStorytelling is an important skill that can be a key enabler for systems engineering, providing value throughout the systems engineering process. In areas such as requirements, design and testing, storytelling can improve the ability to communicate across boundaries, providing improved context, understanding and empathy between project stakeholders. At the project level, storytelling is useful in enhancing communication and engagement, thereby helping to improve team performance. Finally, storytelling can help promote the profession of systems engineering, at the organizational level and beyond, helping to instill pride in our profession, as well as sharing culture and values.
Architecture‐Based SCMILE Service Framework for Systems' Integration
Authors: Lui Frank , Lowe Donald , Flahive Andrew , Zadeh Hossein Seif 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe SCMILE Service framework (SSF) is a method to model and analyse the relationships and dependencies between military capability systems. In line with service interactions in the assembly and operation of any military unit, the SSF categorises services into six generic types: Sensing, Command and control, physical Mobility, Information mobility, Logistics and support, and Engagement. Previous research has shown SSF is versatile enough to adapt to military and non‐military domains. In this paper, we will be discussing how SSF can adapt into a system architecture framework, in particular the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) version 2.0. We will discuss in detail how a service‐oriented thinking based approach using SSF can be used to conduct system dependency analysis. To do this, a test case based on a Humanitarian Assistance scenario where the Australian Amphibious Capability is employed to provide support to a disaster affected area, will be used to explore the application of SSF.
Integrating the End User Perspective in Technical Product Development: Lessons from the Packaging Industry
Authors: Hultgren Emmy , Johansson Lena 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTetra Pak is a packaging solutions company that develops equipment for processing and packaging of food and beverages. Considering the users of our equipment, for example operators and technicians, is important for several reasons: to ensure a safe and comfortable working environment, to ensure an effective and efficient way of working, and to increase the performance of the system. To gain success, we need to regard the human as an important and integrated part of the system and fully incorporate the end user perspective into our way of working. Therefore, Human System Integration (HSI) was established through a global improvement project, focusing on developing HSI related processes, methods and tools. This paper presents the improvement project approach, its results and our reflections from the journey. We also discuss some of the challenges we have experienced, and what remains to be done in the future.
Realizing the Value of Systems Engineering
Authors: Beasley Richard 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLessons learnt / observations from the implementation of Systems Engineering into organizations and development of product are presented, which show Systems Engineering to be a valuable and insightful approach to the practice of Engineering. The value comes from the Systems Engineering focus on seeing the whole, complete requirements, top down architecture, and enabling understanding / recognition of issues. The Systems Engineering approach improves the probability of success in complicated and complex situations. The approach is generic, and is able to provide ubiquitous value across a range of domains. Examples of its application are given from range of aerospace; land (products and infrastructure) and sea demonstrate how this value can be achieved.However application of Systems Engineering is not universally common, and there are a great many difficulties implementing it into an organization. Some of the problems experienced in trying to implement Systems Engineering are shared, and advice offered to Systems Advocates in a range of domains trying to implement Systems Engineering. Further, there are issues that INCOSE must address to help it achieve its vision to be “the world's authority on Systems Engineering”, and for the successful spread of Systems Engineering practice.
The ValXplore method: exploring desirability, feasibility and viability of business and system design under uncertainty
Authors: Hamida Sonia Ben , Jankovic Marija , Huet Alain , Bocquet Jean‐Claude 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn early design stages, business developers and systems engineers deal with uncertainties on the business problem, in line with the company's strategy. Before designing the system, the business developers need to set the boundaries of the business problem: What are the values to deliver to which stakeholders? What are their preferences? What are the future trends or the evolution of the markets and the external context? These questions regarding the uncertainties on the definition of the problem may not have answers and need to be investigated to assess the value robustness of the possible design alternatives. The aim of this work is to support decision‐making in business and system design thanks to a broad and rapid analysis of a large amount of business design alternatives under uncertainty. We introduce a decision‐making support method, called ValXplore, based on visual analysis and data analytics to explore the uncertainties on and in the business problem. The method was tested and validated on an industrial case study to assess the benefits and limits of the semi‐reusability of a launch vehicle. Both business developers and systems engineers can rapidly explore a broad space of alternatives to increase the value to the stakeholders, by performing sensitivity and uncertainty analyses.
The Transport for NSW Transport Network Architecture Model
Authors: Arabian Gary , Chan Edward 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe vision of Transport for NSW (TfNSW) is documented in publicly available strategies and plans. To achieve this vision, the Asset Standards Authority (ASA), within TfNSW, has led the development of a Transport Network Architecture (TNA) model, a model that integrates the multiple strategic documents into a structured, visual, relational format that can be used consistently across the cluster. This model captures information from the strategies to form the enterprise perspective and traces this information to a concept operational perspective.The TNA is therefore a conceptual model that represents the structure and behaviour of the transport system. The aim of the TNA is to provide a basis for consistent asset planning and procurement for complex transport project. The different perspectives and views in the TNA allow a particular user to define and bridge the link between the business needs and requirements (i.e. problem domain) and the system needs (i.e. solution domain). Through effective stakeholder management, the framework has therefore captured the interest of transport planners and project delivery teams to assist them in various engineering related activities in delivering highly complex transport projects.
Security Level Identification and Secure Software Design of Safety Critical Embedded Systems: Methodologies and Process
Authors: Mitra Raka 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the process and technological aspects of Instrumentation & Control System, I&C System security and provides an overview of the recommended design practices and assessment methods for security aspects of control and instrumentation system used in Safety Critical Environments. This paper describes out how Security Levels of I&C systems and components of Safety Critical Facilities can be assigned by system designers. This is akin to Safety Integrity Level, SIL levels assigned for safety issues. It presents ideas about the three different security aspects viz Target Security Level, Achieved Security Level and Capability Security Level. The paper explains how it can be incorporated in the Life Cycle of an I&C System. It also factors the Physical Security issues, use of Wiring Harnesses. It then discusses the Security Level Vectors, the associated Foundational Requirements and the Security Lifecycle Program of an I&C System
Keeping women in systems engineering: gender dynamics in the field
Authors: Palmer Erika 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe representation of women in systems engineering is very low, which indicates that the field is not utilizing the best possible talent. There have been many K‐12 initiatives encouraging young women to enter engineering fields, however, women tend to remain in the field for only a short number of years. The dynamics of this push‐pull relationship have yet to be investigated operationally. This study addresses this research gap with a system dynamics model illustrating how women are attracted to and repelled from engineering careers. Because system engineers are found in all engineering disciplines, the model focuses on engineering in general. The results indicate that the success of K‐12 initiatives does not continue into university education. This is compounded by a high attrition rate strongly affected by an unwelcome work environment for women. The output of this model gives insight into where the INCOSE working group, EWLSE, can most effectively direct its efforts.
Engineered Resilient Systems with Value Focused Thinking
Authors: Small Colin , Parnell Gregory , Pohl Edward , Goerger Simon R. , Cottam Bobby , Specking Eric , Wade Zephan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractComplex DoD systems need to be resilient due to evolving adversarial and environmental threats. The DoD created a program called Engineered Resilient Systems (ERS) to increase resilience in future systems. In our ERS research, resilience has been separated into two parts, mission and platform resilience. Mission resilience is the ability of a system to repel, resist, absorb, and recover from environments and threats that occur on planned missions. Platform resilience is the ability of a system to adapt to new missions and new threats. Using capabilities based planning one can map platform and mission resilience. This paper addresses how a value‐focused thinking (VFT) multiple objective decision analysis (MODA) model is a useful tool for capabilities based assessments. If all performance objectives can be categorized as mission or platform resilience, this extra value above the threshold of the minimum performance can provide mission and platform resilience. Displaying this information in a value component chart and a floating value chart allows decision makers to consider resilience early in the acquisition decision making process.
NASA's Robotic Mining Competition Provides Undergraduates Full Life Cycle Systems Engineering Experience
Authors: Stecklein Jonette 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNASA has held an annual robotic mining competition for teams of university/college students since 2010. This competition is yearlong, suitable for a senior university engineering capstone project. It encompasses the full project life cycle from ideation of a robot design, through tele‐operation of the robot collecting regolith in simulated Mars conditions, to disposal of the robot systems after the competition. A major required element for this competition is a Systems Engineering Paper in which each team describes the systems engineering approaches used on their project. The score for the Systems Engineering Paper contributes 25% towards the team's score for the competition's grand prize. The required use of systems engineering on the project by this competition introduces the students to an intense practical application of systems engineering throughout a full project life cycle.
VSE 101 – Who, What, When, Where, Why, How
Authors: Ptack Ken 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInternational standards capture proven engineering practices for systems engineering and software engineering development. The perception by very small entities (VSEs) is that these standards are developed and targeted for use by large enterprises. However, governments and industry alike recognizes that VSEs, consisting of 25 staff members or less, constitute a majority of the systems and software developers throughout the world.During a world‐wide survey of many different domain VSEs, it was verified that existing ISO standards were “too complicated” for use by VSEs. In 2005, the first meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1 SC7 Working Group (WG) 24 was held. This ISO WG is mandated to develop standards and guides for VSE use, thus the work on the ISO/IEC 29110 series began.The paper will address how the ISO/IEC 29110 series and the INCOSE VSE WG deployment packages (DPs) work collaboratively to help VSEs incorporate systems engineering concepts within their entities. The use of these systems engineering concepts can provide VSEs the opportunity to successfully participate and grow in the global market environment.
A Service‐based Approach to Force Design, Integration and Analysis
Authors: Lowe Donald 
Published: August 2017

AbstractService‐based approaches, as in provider‐consumer relationships, are a relatively new design and engineering philosophy to address problems in business and systems design, development and operations. While the concept has existed for centuries in economics, it has gained prominence more recently with the rise of the service economy and in such areas as systems engineering, information technology and marketing, with IBM only establishing Service science, management and engineering as a field of scientific enquiry within the past decade. The SCMILE Services Framework is a service‐based approach developed to capture and model military capability dependencies. It has a number of attractive properties including simplicity, generality and universality, and is designed to apply at different scales, structured to be modular and supports encapsulation. After the concept and definition of services are introduced, this framework is presented and some of the benefits are explained. This approach is currently being trialed on parts of the Integrated Investment Program of the Australian Department of Defence to capture and monitor capability dependencies and undertake analysis of integration and interoperability within and across Programs.
A prototype simulation model for army logistics training
Authors: Hudson Kristy , Elsawah Sondoss , Ryan Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractArmy logistics is a complex and multi‐dimensional system which involves multi‐year timeframes, multi‐continent, multi‐function (i.e. supply, distribution, maintenance and health) sub‐systems, and their interactions. The logistics system constantly evolves and adapts to the dynamic operational environment where the logistics operations take place. This dynamic complexity and uncertainty present challenges for logisticians who are continuously trying to improve their abilities to devise logistics plans that can meet mission constraints and requirements. These challenges include inability to observe consequences of planning decisions and time delays between decisions and outcomes. This paper presents an ongoing project which produces a simulation model that facilitates learning about the complexities of army logistics systems. The project serves as a prototype to aid stakeholders see the potential of simulation model in meeting training needs. This paper presents the modelling process, the hybrid‐model design, and a use case of how the model can support training.
Modeling and Analyzing the Emergency Management Mission as an Executable Model
Authors: Flanigan David 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Emergency Management (EM) mission requires that responders are able to successfully complete their mission, as well as rely on multiple Critical Infrastructure (CI) sectors to facilitate the execution of their missions. However, decision makers may not be able to visualize the interdependencies between these CI sectors and the EM mission, only seeing the end result of the mission. This near‐sightedness of the CI interdependencies may incorrectly lead decision makers to allocate resources on single CI sectors without realizing that attention to multiple CI sectors are needed. Without a means of analysis to quantify this contribution, decision makers may not have the full picture of what CI sectors contribute to the EM mission and may not understand where the EM mission chain fails due to this lack of resources. We offer a methodology for the EM mission to be modeled along with their respective CI sector contributions, in order to visualize where parts of the mission may be failing due to a deficiency in the CI sector contribution. This methodology converts the mission space into an executable model that may view where the mission succeeds and where the mission may be deficient. An illustrative example is used to describe the methodology.
Get With The Programme – Achieving Coherence Through Capability Systems Engineering
Authors: Gibson Ian , Riley Thomas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractProgramme Definition is too important to be left up to programme managers. It is too easy to come up with a solution that lacks coherence with other programmes and wider initiatives, or consists of a set of projects which don't naturally fit together, or is just incorrectly treated as a single monolithic project. Within the UK Ministry of Defence, the new Acquisition System Operating Model has brought an additional complication by enforcing organisational boundaries based upon Defence Lines of Development (DLODs). This paper summarises the current UK MOD situation, and presents an approach for ensuring DLOD coherence during the Programme Definition phase.
Enabling Repeatable SE Cost Estimation with COSYSMO and MBSE
Authors: Papke Barry. , Pavalkis Saulius , Wang Gan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn their paper on “A Generalized Systems Engineering Reuse Framework and Its Cost Estimating Relationships,” (Wang, Roedler, et al. 2014) present an approach for estimation of systems engineering effort that extends the COSYSMO equation to account for the effort associated with Design With Reuse and Design For Reuse classification categories in the Generalized Reuse Framework. Implementation of this approach for cost estimation clearly depends on two critical items: (1) the ability to accurately and consistently count the size drivers; and (2) the ability to calibrate the model equation. As part of future work, they also describe the potential to use this approach as a management tool in architecture development – “a cataloging mechanism in organizing components of reference architecture.” This paper presents a practical implementation of the COSYSMO cost estimating relationship through extension of a Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) modeling environment with SysML for estimating end‐to‐end systems engineering effort in developing a system. The approach provides a new way of rapidly creating cost estimates, conducting cost‐based analysis and trade studies with full traceability from the cost estimation parameters back to the architecture of referenced system of interest.
“Not in My Backyard” is Not Sustainable
Authors: Carson Ronald S. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract“Not in my backyard” (NIMBY) is a euphemism for desiring a particular positive outcome from a system that is remotely located such that it has no local negative effect, or a person who exhibits this characteristic. Everyone wants great mobile phone service, for example, but no one wants to look at a mobile phone tower in their backyard. In this paper “exergy destroyed” is applied as a measure of system sustainability to compare NIMBY vs. more “local” system architectures. We analyze transportation of people, goods, and services and show that such transportation is inherently unsustainable because of the exergy destroyed. We use this to show why NIMBY is less sustainable than more localized architectures. We examine dynamic coupling effects on utility generation for NIMBY vs. more local solar electric power architectures and propose an architecture and power distribution method to reduce system costs. We also show that reducing exergy destruction is an inherently lean practice because it reduces waste. Finally, we propose a measure for aligning costs and benefits among different stakeholders as a means to identify more “just” systems.
Availability as a design criterion: Simulation of SKA1_MID Dish Power Infrastructure
Authors: Dennehy Steve , Meyer Isabel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe first phase of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) telescope will consist of two separate telescopes, SKA1_MID and SKA1_LOW. The former will be located in the Northern Cape in South Africa, with the latter being located in Australia. It is desirable to have high availability of the telescopes in order to maximise observation time. At the same time, availability needs to be achieved within budget. This paper describes a simulation model that was used to evaluate the inherent availability of different architectures for the SKA1_MID dish power network. We used availability as a design criterion, and showed that the required availability could be achieved at reduced cost.
Partnership Literacies: Who's Got the Camera?
Authors: Boggs George L. , Fendler Rachel , Shields Sara Scott , Tripp Lisa M. , Pengelley Ivanna Rebecca 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOften coauthored by university‐ and school‐based educators, preservice teachers, and youths, this department column considers how literacies are best developed through context‐crossing partnerships among university, school, and community constituents.
Latin squares with disjoint subsquares of two orders
Authors: Kuhl Jaromy , Schroeder Michael William 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLet and . The integer partition of n is said to be realized if there is a latin square of order n with pairwise disjoint subsquares of order for each . In this paper, we construct latin squares realizing partitions of the form ; that is, partitions with s parts of size a and t parts of size b, where . Heinrich (1982) showed that (1) if and , then there is a latin square realizing , (2) is realized if and only if , and (3) is realized if and only if . In this paper, we resolve the open cases. We show that is realized if and only if and is realized if and only if .