bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health locus of control, body image and self-esteem in individuals with intestinal stoma
Authors: Salomé Geraldo Magela , Lima Joelma Alves de , Muniz Karina de Cássia , Faria Elaine Cristina , Ferreira Lydia Masako 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjective To evaluate the health locus of control, self-esteem, and body image in patients with an intestinal stoma.Method A descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical study conducted at the pole of the ostomates of the city of Pouso Alegre. The study was approved by Research Ethics Committee of Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí. Opinion: 620,459. Patients: 44 patients with an intestinal stoma. Four instruments were used: a questionnaire with demographic and stomatologic data, the Health Locus of Control Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale/UNIFESP-EPM, and the Body Investment Scale. Statistics: Chi-square, Pearson, Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests. p < 0.05 was determined.Results The majority of patients were over 70 years, 16 (36.4%) were female, 30 (68.2%) were married, 31 (70.5%) were retirees, 31 (70.5%) had an income of 1–3 minimum wages, 32 (72.7%) did not practice physical activity, 18 (40.9%) had an incomplete elementary education, and 35 (79.5%) participated in a support or association group. 33 (75%) participants received the stoma because of a neoplasia; and 33 (75%) had a definitive stoma. In 36 (81.8%) participants, the type of stoma used was a colostomy, and 22 (50%) measured 20–40 mm in diameter; 32 (72.7%) participants used a two-piece device. With regard to complications, there were 29 (65.9%) cases of dermatitis. The mean total score for the Health Locus of Control Scale was 62.84; for the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, 27.66; and for the Body Investment Scale, 39.48. The mean scores for the dimensions internal, powerful others, and chance of the Health Locus of Control Scale were 22.68, 20.68, and 19.50, respectively. With respect to the Body Investment Scale, for the dimensions body image, body care, and body touch, the mean scores were 11.64, 11.00, and 13.09, respectively.Conclusion In this study, the participants showed changes in self-esteem and body image and also showed negative feelings about their body. Ostomized individuals believe that they themselves control their state of health and do not believe that other persons or entities (physician, nurse, friends, family, god, etc.) can assist them in their improvement or cure and, in addition, believe that their health is controlled by chance, without personal or other people's interference.
Comparison of echocardiographic findings in patients with nonfunctioning adrenal incidentalomas
Authors: Imga Narin Nasıroglu , Elalmıs Ozgul Ucar , Tuna Mazhar Muslum , Dogan Bercem Aycıcek , Sahın Deniz , Gursoy Tugba , Yalcın Yavuz , Berker Dilek , Guler Serdar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAdrenal incidentalomas (AIs) are usually discovered incidentally after imaging unrelated to adrenal glands. We aimed to evaluate standard risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis and echocardiographic changes in patients with nonfunctioning AIs and compare them with normal subjects. We evaluated 70 patients diagnosed with AIs and 51 healthy controls. Mean levels were determined for HbA1c, LDL, uric acid, fasting plasma insulin, HOMA, and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and these values were found to be significantly higher in the patients than the controls. The mean left atrial diameter, interventricular septum thickness, posterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass, E‐wave deceleration time, isovolumetric relaxation time, and the median ratio of the early transmittal flow velocity to the early diastolic tissue velocity (E/Em) were higher in patients with AIs compared to controls. The mitral annular early diastolic velocity was lower in patients with AIs. The mean aortic diastolic diameter, stiffness index (SI), and aortic strain were higher, and aortic distensibility was lower in the patients. The mean right ventricular diameter, right atrial major‐axis diameter, and right atrial minor‐axis diameter were statistically higher in the patient group than the controls. A negative correlation was found between the NLR and aortic strain and aortic distensibility, while a positive correction was found between the NLR and SI. We found altered left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) echocardiographic findings in patients with AIs without known cardiovascular disease. Aortic stiffness was also increased. These changes may be related to an increase in cardiovascular risk factors in AI patients.
Multiple‐dose ponezumab for mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease: Safety and efficacy
Authors: Landen Jaren W. , Cohen Sharon , Billing Clare B. , Cronenberger Carol , Styren Scot , Burstein Aaron H. , Sattler Catherine , Lee Jae‐Hong , Jack Clifford R. , Kantarci Kejal , Schwartz Pamela F. , Duggan William T. , Zhao Qinying , Sprenger Ken , Bednar Martin M. , Binneman Brendon 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionMultiple intravenous doses of ponezumab, an anti‐amyloid antibody, were evaluated in subjects with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsIn part A, 77 subjects were randomized to ponezumab 0.1, 0.5, or 1 mg/kg (75 treated) and 26 to placebo (24 treated). In part B, 63 subjects were randomized and treated with ponezumab 3 or 8.5 mg/kg and 32 with placebo. Subjects received 10 infusions over 18 months and were followed for 6 months thereafter.ResultsPonezumab was generally safe and well tolerated. Most common adverse events were fall (16.7% ponezumab, 21.4% placebo), headache (13.8%, 21.4%), and cerebral microhemorrhage (13.8%, 19.6%). Plasma ponezumab increased dose‐dependently with limited accumulation. Cerebrospinal fluid penetration was low. Plasma Aβ1–x and Aβ1–40 showed robust increases, but cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers showed no dose response. Ponezumab had no effects on cognitive/functional outcomes or brain volume.ConclusionsMultiple‐dose ponezumab was generally safe, but not efficacious, in mild‐to‐moderate AD.
RISK MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL CRISES: AN OPTIMAL INVESTMENT STRATEGY WITH MULTIVARIATE JUMP-DIFFUSION MODELS
Authors: Wang Chou-Wen , Huang Hong-Chih 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper provides an optimal asset allocation strategy to enhance risk management performance in the face of a financial crisis; this strategy entails constructing a good asset model – a multivariate jump-diffusion (MJD) model which includes idiosyncratic and systematic jumps simultaneously – and choosing suitable asset allocations and objective functions for fund management. This study also provides the dependence structure for the MJD model. The empirical implementation demonstrates that the proposed MJD model provides more detailed information about the financial crisis, allowing fund managers to determine an appropriate asset allocation strategy that enhances investment performance during the crisis.
Health student regard for substance-using patients as measured by the Medical Condition Regard Scale: a systematic review
Authors: Ducray K. , Pilch M. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesAs clinical impartiality is an accepted basic principle of ethical practice, any proactive exercises that may inform selection, training, clinical placements, and other interventions, which promote future positive and equitable professional conduct, thus guarding against future discriminatory attitudes are germane. Within this context, the purpose of this review was to identify trends and patterns in health student, namely future practitioners’, regard for substance-using patients using the Medical Condition Regard Scale.MethodsSix electronic databases were systematically searched for studies that used the Medical Condition Regard Scale as an outcome measure in assessing health student regard for drug-using patients. Academics who had published in this area were also consulted to recommend texts that would complement the above citation sourcing process. Following an elimination of duplicates, the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as conducting citation searches, 16 studies were incorporated in the final review. Although the quality of all included studies was satisfactory, no study was free from a potential source of bias.ResultsThis review found that patients with drug-use problems were consistently held in the lowest echelons of regard by trainee health practitioners. The impact of sex, age, year of course, and personal exposure to mental health difficulties in predicting negative regard was unclear.ConclusionsUnless addressed, patients with drug problems may have a high potential for future treatment marginalisation by tomorrow’s health professionals. This scenario needs to be proactively managed by all stakeholders through a greater investment in educational and clinical training placement opportunities.
Anti-parasitic effect of novel amidines against Trypanosoma cruzi: phenotypic and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity analysis
Authors: NEFERTITI ALINE SILVA DA GAMA , BATISTA MARCOS MEUSER , DA SILVA PATRÍCIA BERNARDINO , TORRES-SANTOS EDUARDO CAIO , CUNHA-JÚNIOR EDEZIO F. , GREEN JULIUS , KUMAR ARVIND , FARAHAT ABDELBASSET A. , BOYKIN DAVID WILSON , SOEIRO MARIA DE NAZARE CORREIA 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYNew more selective and potent drugs are urgently need to treat Chagas disease (CD). Among the many synthetic compounds evaluated againstTrypanosoma cruzi, aromatic amidines (AAs) and especially arylimidamides (AIAs) have potent activity against this parasite. Presently, the effect of four mono-amidines (DB2228, DB2229, DB2292 and DB2294), four diamidines (DB2232, DB2235, DB2251 and DB2253) and one AIA (DB2255) was screenedin vitroagainst different forms (bloodstream trypomastigotes – BT and intracellular forms) and strains from discrete typing unit (DTU) I and VI ofT. cruziand their cytotoxic profile on mammalian host cells. Except for DB2253, all molecules were as active as benznidazole (Bz), resulting in 50% of reduction in the number of alive BT, with EC50ranging from 2·7 to 10·1µmafter 24 h of incubation. DB2255 was also the most potent against amastigotes (Tulahuen strain) showing similar activity to that of Bz (3µm).In silicoabsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity analysis demonstrated probability of human intestinal adsorption, while mutagenicity and inhibition of hERG1 were not predicted, besides giving acceptable predicted volumes of distribution. Our findings contribute for better knowledge regarding the biological effect of this class of aromatic molecules againstT. cruziaiming to identify novel promising agent for CD therapy.
Rationalizing Milk Market Orders in New England
Authors: Webster Fred C. 
Published: May 2017

Milk has both suffered and enjoyed from more price and quality regulation than almost any other farm product in the United States.Despite these regulations, or perhaps because of them, competition among producers still closely approximates a competitive model. In New England, milk price fluctuations are dampened but production is primarily a matter of economic survival. No government regulation limits entry, exit, or volume of production as long as minimum quality standards are maintained.
Community Services: Contrasts Between Resident and Nonresident Landowners in the Adirondack Region of New York
Authors: Craig Robert G. , Mapp Harry P. 
Published: May 2017

“There is more than enough evidence to show that the states and localities, far from being weak sisters, have actually been carrying the brunt of domestic governmental progress in the United States ever since the end of World War II … Moreover, they have been largely responsible for undertaking the truly revolutionary change in the role of government in the United States that has occurred over the past decade.”–Daniel J. Elazar, The Public Interest
Small Scale Farmers — The People Left Behind?
Authors: Christensen Robert L. , Ecker George A. , Wallace William H. 
Published: May 2017

Over the past few years there has been a heightened interest in small scale agriculture. Increasing food costs, concern for the quality of food, a concept of self-sufficency, and a reawakening of interest in the positive attributes of rural life are among the reasons for this new attitude. At the national level, the problems of small farms has been explicitly recognized in the 1977 Farm Bill. The following amendments to the Rural Development Act of 1972 were enacted (U.S. Congress, 1977):“(c) SMALL FARM RESEARCH PROGRAMS – Small farm research programs shall consist of programs of research to develop new approaches for initiating and upgrading small farmer operations through management techniques, agricultural production techniques, farm machinery technology, new products, new marketing techniques, and small farm finance.”“(d) SMALL FARM EXTENSION PROGRAMS – Small farm extension programs shall consist of extension programs to improve operations of small farmers using, to the maximum extent practicable, paraprofessional personnel to work with small farmers on an intensive basis to initiate and improve management techniques, agricultural production techniques, farm machinery technology, marketing techniques, and small farm finance, and to increase utilization by small farmers of existing services offered by the United States Department of Agriculture and other public and private agencies and organizations.”
Alternative Solutions to the Dairy Problem and the Role of the Agricultural Economist in Policy Formation and Analysis
Authors: Novakovic Andrew M. 
Published: May 2017

Dairy product markets have been burdened with excess supplies since late 1979. The principal cause of these surpluses is overly high government price supports. This situation can be traced to a series of policy decisions made in the mid-1970s.The evolution of dairy policy during the last 10 years is examined and the implications of recent policy proposals are explored. The contributions of agricultural economists to the formulation of rational dairy policy is discussed and suggestions for improving their contributions to and influence on policy are made.
A Comparative Analysis of Employment Change in the Northeast
Authors: White Jeffrey D. , Hastings Steven E. 
Published: May 2017

A modified version of shift-share analysis is used to examine spatial, temporal and compositional trends in employment growth in the Northeastern United States during the 1970s. The analysis is presented for subregions, states and metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties. Secondary data compiled by the Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis is used.Employment growth in the Northeast, though positive overall, did not keep pace with that of the nation. While the distribution of employment among industries was very similar in the Northeast and the United States, the performance of these industries was not. The same was true for the three major subregions that comprise the Northeast. Nonmetropolitan counties outperformed their metropolitan counterparts in employment growth during the decade, with the most rural county types showing the greatest percentage employment growth.
The Economic Viability of Commercial Fresh Vegetable Production in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Wysong John W. , Leigh Mary G. , Ganguly Pradeep 
Published: May 2017

The Northeast region with nearly 25 percent of the U.S. population and purchasing power in 1983 is a deficit region in both processing and fresh market vegetable crops. This study explores the underlying factors in the long post-World War II decline in Northeastern vegetable production. It evaluates the economic viability of small-scale, family operated vegetable farms with emphasis on Maryland and the Baltimore-Washington Wholesale Market outlet near Jessup, Maryland.Preliminary results of our study indicate that, under certain conditions, small-scale family farms can grow and commercially market fresh-market vegetables at competitive prices, and generate healthy cash flows. The optimum mix of crops would include up to three, non-competing crop sequences, with four different vegetable crops including spinach, snap beans, tomatoes and broccoli. Family (owner-operator) labor was found to be a major resource constraint on volume of vegetables marketed, especially tomatoes. Potentials for future expansion in selected crops seem to exist with improved technology and better management.
The Role of the Economist in Natural Resources Policy
Authors: Castle Emery N. 
Published: May 2017

On April 5 of this year President Jimmy Carter addressed the Nation on energy. After a brief introduction the President said:“Federal government price controls now hold down our own production and encourage waste and increase dependence on foreign oil.”The President then went on to say:“–I have decided that phased decontrol of oil prices will begin on June 1 and continue at a fairly uniform rate over the next 18 months. The immediate effect of this action will be to increase the production of oil and gas in our own country.”
Impact on Costs and Energy Requirements of Adopting Alternate Middle Spray Techniques in Apple Orchards
Authors: Christensen Robert L. , Prokopy Ronald J. 
Published: May 2017

One of the factors contributing to the substantial increases in crop yields experienced during the last fifty years was the development and use of synthetic chemical pesticides. In the past decade, however, increasing evidence has shown that use of these materials poses significant negative external effects on human health, wildlife, and the environment. Hall has stated the economic trade-off problem as follows:“The compromise of reducing both pesticide use and food production may be a better alternative than either cnacellation or continuing pesticide use at the present greater than the social optimum quantity. Even more attractive would be the alternative of reducing pesticide use while maintaining current levels of production (and) profit by growers.”
Habitat requirements and population estimate of the endangered Ecuadorian TapaculoScytalopus robbinsi
Authors: HERMES CLAUDIA , JANSEN JEROEN , SCHAEFER H. MARTIN 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe Chocó-Tumbesian region of western Ecuador is one of the 25 global biodiversity hotspots harbouring high numbers of endemic species, which are heavily threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. Moreover, ongoing climate change in the tropics drives species uphill as lower-lying areas are becoming constantly drier. Such upslope movement can pose major challenges for less mobile species, such as understorey birds which are confined to mature forests and unable to cross habitat gaps. Consequently, these species are threatened by a combination of upslope range shifts and forest fragmentation. In our study, we investigated population numbers and habitat requirements of the Ecuadorian TapaculoScytalopus robbinsi, which is endemic to the premontane cloud forests of south-western Ecuador. Comparing the microhabitat structure within territories with control sites revealed that Ecuadorian Tapaculos prefer old secondary forests. Moreover, connectivity between forest fragments was the strongest predictor of the presence of territories within them. We estimated the mean upslope shift of the distribution range as 100 m per decade and developed a model of habitat availability for the revised range. Extrapolating the number of territories from the study area to the distributional range of the Ecuadorian Tapaculo showed that the global population size is smaller than previously assumed. Our results suggest that the Ecuadorian Tapaculo is strongly affected by forest loss and degradation. Therefore, to prevent a continuing decline in population numbers or even extinction, conservation measures focusing on restoring connectivity between fragments and increasing habitat quality and quantity for the remaining populations need to be prioritised.
A systematic review of the heritability of specific psychopathic traits using Hare’s two-factor model of psychopathy
Authors: Dhanani Sapna , Kumari Veena , Puri Basant K. , Treasaden Ian , Young Susan , Sen Piyal 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThere have been no systematic reviews that investigated the heritability of the two-factor model of psychopathy: interpersonal-affective and behavioral. Our review aimed, first, to examine the heritability of general psychopathic traits and, second, if genetic influences were suggested, to determine the heritability of various traits related to the interpersonal-affective and behavioral factors of psychopathy.MethodA systematic literature search was conducted using articles from the PsycINFO, Embase, Global Health, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases (January of 1980 to December of 2015) in order to identify eligible literature that reported on the heritability of psychopathy-related traits. Papers were also found via manual examination and reference tracking. Papers were subjected to exclusion criteria and quality appraisal. We identified a total of 24 studies.ResultsOur results were grouped into three categories: general, interpersonal-affective, and behavioral. All these areas demonstrated modest to high heritability. The highest heritability values were found in studies investigating callous-unemotional behaviors.ConclusionsHeritability was found for all the psychopathic traits. Future research should include endophenotypic approaches that explore gene–environment correlations, which could aid in identification of the behavioral phenotype that is most amenable to early intervention by way of moderation of genetic risk.
Planetary nebula abundances in dwarf galaxies
Authors: Gonçalves Denise R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe framework of the present review is as follows. The Local Group (LG) is populated by dwarf galaxies belonging to different morphological types. Apparently these galaxies are very different. The questions naturally raised from this framework are many. Is there an evolutionary sequence among them? Do they share common progenitors? Is the environment at the origin of their differences? The method we propose to answer to these questions is by investigating the chemical evolution of dwarf galaxies and their mass-metallicity relation (MZR). To this aim we use metallicities derived from planetary nebulae, since this stellar population is present in the star-forming (dwarf irregular, dIrr) as well as in the quiescent (dwarf spheroidal, dSph) galaxies. The results, actually, show that both dIrr and dSph galaxies of the LG follow the same MZR, at variance with the differences claimed in the past. These results are in good agreement with the recently derived MZR, based on stellar instead of the nebular metallicities of the LG dwarf galaxies. Moreover, our MZR is also consistent with the global MZR of SLOAN star-forming galaxies, which spans a wider stellar mass range (~ 106 - 1011 M⊙) than the LG dwarfs.
Models of stellar population at high redshift, as constrained by PN yields and luminosity function
Authors: Maraston C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe stellar phase of Thermally-Pulsating Asymptotic giant branch is the last major evolutionary stage of intermediate-mass stars which afterwards evolve into planetary nebulae. The TP-AGB phase is affected by mass-loss and instabilities which notoriously make its theoretical modelling uncertain. This review focuses on the effects such modelling has on stellar population models for galaxies, with particular focus on the high-z Universe where galaxies are young and contain a large number of short-living TP-AGB stars. I shall present the models, discuss how different prescriptions for the treatment of the TP-AGB affect the theoretical integrated spectral energy distribution and how these compare to galaxy data, and discuss implications for the PN nebulae luminosity function stemming from the various assumptions. Finally I shall discuss the inclusion of hot evolved stars on stellar population models and how they compare to data for old galaxies at our present time.