bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversibly Crosslinked Polyurethane Fibres from Sugar‐Based 5‐Chloromethylfurfural: Synthesis, Fibre‐Spinning and Fibre‐to‐Fibre Recycling
Authors: Warlin Niklas , Gonzalez Maria Nelly Garcia , de Menezes Rafael N. L. , Karajos Andras , Olsson Emma , Almqvist Caroline , Sayed Mahmoud , Mankar Smita V. , Valsange Nitin G. , Abdelaziz Omar Y. , Hulteberg Christian P. , Bäcklund Fredrik G. , Guo Zengwei , Rehnberg Nicola , Lundmark Stefan , Hatti‐Kaul Rajni , Jannasch Patric , Zhang Baozhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of recyclable crosslinked thermosetting fibres is a challenging research topic. In the present work, we have designed and synthesized polyurethane fibres from fructose‐derived 5‐chloromethylfurfural (CMF) and lignin‐derived monomeric phenols. The greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of CMF showed comparable results to that of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a high potential sugar‐based platform molecule. The wet‐spun biobased polyurethane fibres produced could be conveniently crosslinked using Diels–Alder chemistry to effectively enhance the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties. At a mildly elevated temperature (140 °C), the chemically crosslinked fibres could be effectively de‐crosslinked, which enabled complete separation from a mixture with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and cotton fibres. These results outline a potential strategy to design and fabricate new biobased fibres with reversible crosslinking, which may enable fibre‐to‐fibre recycling.
Efficacy and safety of intravenous thiamylal in sedation for colonoscopy in children
Authors: Ozaka Sotaro , Takahashi Haruhiko , Shimomori Yuta , Kagoshima Yomei , Terashi Shohei , Tsutsumi Koshiro , Sagami Ryota , Hirashita Yuka , Fukuda Kensuke , Ogawa Ryo , Kodama Masaaki , Murakami Kazunari , Mizukami Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesSince a standard sedation protocol for pediatric colonoscopy (CS) has not been established, evidence on optimal sedative agents is needed. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thiamylal in sedation for pediatric CS compared to midazolam.MethodsChildren from 7 to 16 years of age who underwent CS under sedation with intravenous thiamylal or midazolam at our hospital between June 2010 and March 2024 were included in this retrospective observational study. The primary outcome was the efficacy (success rate of CS without mid‐awakening) of the drugs. Meanwhile, the secondary outcomes were the sedation level during CS, procedure time, recovery time, and adverse events related to sedation.ResultsSixty children were included in the study. The success rate of CS without mid‐awakening was significantly higher in the thiamylal group (90.6%) than in the midazolam group (64.3%; p = 0.03). The two groups had no significant differences in median sedation depth, procedure time, or recovery time. Adverse events related to sedation in thiamylal group (22%) and midazolam group (25%) were similar. No severe adverse events were reported.ConclusionsIntravenous thiamylal provides effective and safe sedation in children requiring CS, with little or no mid‐awakening during the procedure.
High‐Resolution Longitudinal eDNA Metabarcoding and Morphological Tracking of Planktonic Threats to Salmon Aquaculture
Authors: Algueró‐Muñiz María , Spatharis Sofie , Dwyer Toni , de Noia Michele , Cheaib Bachar , Liu Yee Wan , Robertson Brendan A. , Johnstone Calum , Welsh Jennifer , Macphee Annabell , Mazurkiewicz Marta , Bickerdike Ralph , Migaud Hervé , McGhee Clara , Præbel Kim , Llewellyn Martin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSalmonid aquaculture, a major component of the Northern European, North American, and Chilean coastal economies, is under threat from challenges to gill health, many of which originate from plankton communities. A first step toward mitigating losses is to characterize the biological drivers of poor gill health. Numerous planktonic taxa have been implicated, including toxic and siliceous microalgae, hydrozoans, and scyphozoans; however, rigorous longitudinal surveys of plankton diversity and gill health have been lacking. In the current study, we present and assess an exhaustive identification approach combining both morphological and molecular methods together with robust statistical models to identify the planktonic drivers of proliferative gill disease (PGD) and fish mortality. We undertook longitudinal evaluation at two marine aquaculture facilities on the west coast of Scotland using daily data collected during the 2021 growing season (March–October). Examining these two different sites, one sheltered and one exposed to the open sea, we identified potentially new, important, and unexpected planktonic drivers of PGD and mortality (e.g., doliolids and appendicularians) and confirmed the significance of some established threats (e.g., hydrozoans and diatoms). We also explored delayed or “lagged” effects of plankton abundances on gill health and undertook a comparison of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding and microscopy in their ability to identify and quantify planktonic species. Our data highlight the diversity of planktonic threats to salmonid aquaculture as well as the importance of using both molecular and morphological approaches to detect these. There is now an urgent need to expand systematic longitudinal molecular and morphological approaches across multiple sites and over multiple years. The resultant catalogue of main biological drivers will enable early warning systems, new treatments, and, ultimately, a sustainable platform for future salmonid aquaculture in the marine environment.
Neural correlates of pain acceptance and the role of the cerebellum: Functional connectivity and anatomical differences in individuals with headaches versus matched controls
Authors: Vasiliou Vasilis S. , Konstantinou Nikos , Christou Yiolanda , Papacostas Savvas , Constantinidou Fofi , Heracleous Eleni , Seimenis Ioannis , Karekla Maria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite functional connectivity network dysfunction among individuals with headaches, no studies have examined functional connectivity neural correlates and anatomical differences in coping with headaches.MethodsThis study investigated inter‐individual variability in whole‐brain functional connectivity and anatomical differences among 37 individuals with primary headaches and 24 age‐ and gender‐matched controls, and neural correlates of psychological flexibility (PF) that was previously found to contribute to headache adjustment. Participants (84% women; M headache severity = 4/10; M age = 43 years) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and completed questionnaires to examine global and subnetwork brain areas, and their relations with PF components, controlling for age, gender, education, and head‐motion.ResultsSeed and voxel‐based contrast analyses between groups showed atypical functional connectivity of regions involved in pain matrix and core resting‐state networks. Pain acceptance was the sole PF component that correlated with the cerebellum (x, y, z: 28, −72, −34, p‐false discovery rate <0.001), where individuals with headaches showed higher grey matter density compared to controls.ConclusionsThe cerebellum, recently implicated in modulating emotional and cognitive processes, was indicated to process information resembling what individuals do when practicing pain acceptance. Our findings establish for the first time this connection of the cerebellum and its role in pain acceptance. We propose that pain acceptance might be a behavioural biomarker target that could modulate problematic headache perceptions and brain networks abnormalities.SignificanceThis study highlights the potential use of emerging behavioural biomarkers in headache management, such as pain acceptance, and their role in modifying the headache experience. Notably, grey matter reorganization in the cerebellum and other known brain pain networks, could indicate brain networks that can be modified from targeted behavioural interventions to help decode the nociplastic mechanisms that predominates in headaches.
Comparative analysis of LAB and non‐LAB fermented millet drinks fortified with Chlorella sp.
Authors: Joseph Bilna , Bhavadharani M. , Lavanya M. , Nivetha S. , Baskaran N. , Vignesh S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the expanding domain of functional beverages crafted from plant‐based milk alternatives. In this study, a total of eight different fermented drinks fortified with beneficial Chlorella sp. and probiotics including Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NCIM 5775) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) drinks were developed using barnyard millet as the base ingredient due to its rich protein and high‐fibre content in comparison with the other millets in the market. Results revealed that the protein content increases by 2% upon the addition of Chlorella sp., among bacterial samples, with Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented Unflavoured drink (LRFFD) > Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented flavoured drink > Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented with Chlorella sp. > LRFM, and among yeast samples, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented Unflavoured drink (SCFUFD) > Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented with Chlorella sp. > Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented flavoured drink (SCFFD) > SCFRM, indicating higher protein content than in typical fermented drink. Fat content was notably low across all samples. Ash and fibre content ranged from 0.23 to 0.27 g and 0.22 to 0.35 g, respectively, for both bacterial and yeast fermented drink. Millet is generally considered a carbohydrate‐rich grain. When fermented, some of the carbohydrates may be broken down by the fermentation process. So, the carbohydrate content was low in fermented millet drink when compared to the nonfermented drink. Energy values varied, with LRFFD and SCFFD containing the highest energy due to incorporation of Chlorella sp. and chocolate flavour. Both LAB and yeast‐fermented drinks demonstrated effective antioxidant activity, with higher total phenolic content, except for non‐Chlorella sp. beverages. GC‐MS analysis identified constituents like hexadecenoic acid and hydroxy methyl furfural (HMF) with anticarcinogenic and anti‐inflammatory properties. Additionally, these samples exhibited elevated antimicrobial activity against test strains. Sensory analysis indicated a preference of SCFFD and LRFFD sample for its good taste as it contains chocolate flavour and the overall acceptability of bacterial fermented beverage was higher compared to the yeast fermented drinks. Therefore, a fermented millet beverage was successfully obtained by the coculture of LAB and Saccharomyces cerevisiae incorporated with Chlorella sp. could increase the product's functional properties.
A Mixed‐Effect Kernel Machine Regression Model for Integrative Analysis of Alpha Diversity in Microbiome Studies
Authors: Li Runzhe , Li Mo , Zhao Ni 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIncreasing evidence suggests that human microbiota plays a crucial role in many diseases. Alpha diversity, a commonly used summary statistic that captures the richness and/or evenness of the microbial community, has been associated with many clinical conditions. However, individual studies that assess the association between alpha diversity and clinical conditions often provide inconsistent results due to insufficient sample size, heterogeneous study populations and technical variability. In practice, meta‐analysis tools have been applied to integrate data from multiple studies. However, these methods do not consider the heterogeneity caused by sequencing protocols, and the contribution of each study to the final model depends mainly on its sample size (or variance estimate). To combine studies with distinct sequencing protocols, a robust statistical framework for integrative analysis of microbiome datasets is needed. Here, we propose a mixed‐effect kernel machine regression model to assess the association of alpha diversity with a phenotype of interest. Our approach readily incorporates the study‐specific characteristics (including sequencing protocols) to allow for flexible modeling of microbiome effect via a kernel similarity matrix. Within the proposed framework, we provide three hypothesis testing approaches to answer different questions that are of interest to researchers. We evaluate the model performance through extensive simulations based on two distinct data generation mechanisms. We also apply our framework to data from HIV reanalysis consortium to investigate gut dysbiosis in HIV infection.
Research advances in protein lysine 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation: From mechanistic regulation to disease relevance
Authors: Huang Jinglei , Peng Hui , Yang Diqi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHistone lysine 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) was identified as a novel posttranslational modification in 2014. Significant progress has been made in understanding its roles in reproduction, development, and disease. Although 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation shares some overlapping modification sites and regulatory factors with other lysine residue modifications, its unique structure suggests distinct functions. This review summarizes the latest advancements in Khib, including its regulatory mechanisms, roles in mammalian physiological processes, and its relationship with diseases. This provides direction for further research on Khib and offers new perspectives for developing treatment strategies for related diseases.
Impacts of Urbanization on Economic Development and Ecological Protection of the Wuhan City Circle, China
Authors: Li Yiting , Huang Chunbo , Liu Shuangshuang , Cheng Jing , Xiang Yang , Peng Changhui 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe conflict between economic development and ecological protection in land use (LU) has been a significant and widely discussed topic. The city circle concept has been proposed to promote economic growth through its strong agglomeration effect. It contains the core city and its surrounding area, and economic activities and ecosystems are highly intertwined within this geographic unit. Meanwhile, population, industry, and infrastructure are often concentrated within the urban sphere, which results in a concentrated demand for land, water, and ecosystem services. As a result, LU conflicts are more pronounced in urban areas. Here, we used gross domestic product (GDP) and gross ecosystem product (GEP) to reflect economic and ecological levels, then linked LU change into the coupling relationship between GDP and GEP of the Wuhan City Circle (WHCC), China, to analyze the economic and ecological developments of WHCC. Finally, we constructed a partial least squares structural equation modeling to explore the key drivers affecting the coupling of real GDP and GEP. Our results revealed significant LU changes between 1990 and 2020 for the WHCC. Paddy fields, dry lands, and some forestlands decreased, while built‐up lands and water areas both increased. Real GDP of the WHCC increased from $1.04 × 106 in 1990 to $3.04 × 107 in 2020. While the GEP of the WHCC increased during 1990–2010 and decreased during 2010–2020. Additionally, GEP exhibited a significant spatial heterogeneity, with high GEP concentrated in the central and southeastern regions. Moreover, we constructed a conceptual model for coupling real GDP and GEP, then used structural equation modeling to reveal their relationship. Real GDP had a positive effect on GEP. Furthermore, the proportion of construction land and ecological land as intermediate variables played an important direct and indirect role in real GDP and GEP. Consequently, landscape planning was proposed to enhance the green infrastructure of the WHCC. Our findings provide a reference and experience on land resource allocation for maintaining sustainable development in the city circle.
Are early career researchers feeling the consequences of the COVID pandemic?
Authors: Nicholas David , Abrizah Abdullah , Revez Jorge , Rodríguez Bravo Blanca , Swigon Marzena , Clark David , Xu Jie , Watkinson Anthony , Herman Eti 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuring the COVID pandemic, some commentators thought that early career researchers (ECRs) would become a ‘lost generation’. Yet the Harbingers (H‐2) longitudinal study, which followed ECRs for 2 years during the pandemic found that ECRs took things in their stride. More than 2 years on, we returned, as part of the AI stage of the Harbingers study (H‐3), to see what has transpired and interviewed nearly 70 ECRs from six countries as part of an exploratory study. We found that: (1) only one in six ECRS thought they were suffering from the residual impacts of the pandemic, with increased workload creating the greatest stress; (2) working remotely, digitally and more flexibly was thought by many to be the biggest dividend delivered, making the job more desirable and competitive; (3) an apparent growth in jobs and promotions (tenures) confirmed the bounce‐back. Given the modest size of the study, analysis by country has to be undertaken with caution, but China, where political and economic factors have stifled any bounce‐back, stands out for special attention in a future full‐blown study. Finally, the study yielded informed and considered views that the long‐term impact of the pandemic appears to be beneficial rather than disadvantageous.
Chiral Bulk Solitons in Photonic Graphene with Decorated Boundaries
Authors: Shen Shuang , Shang Ce , Li Yongdong , Zhang Yiqi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA chiral bulk soliton in a nonlinear photonic lattice with decorated boundaries, presenting a novel approach to manipulate photonic transport without extensive bulk modifications is proposed. Unlike traditional methods that rely on topological edge and corner modes, this strategy leverages the robust chiral propagation of bulk modes. By introducing nonlinearity into the system, a stable bulk soliton, akin to the topological valley Hall effects is found. The chiral bulk soliton exhibits remarkable stability; the energy does not decay even after a long‐distance propagation; and the corresponding Fourier spectrum confirms the absence of inter‐valley scattering indicating a valley‐locking property. The findings not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of nonlinear photonic systems but also hold significant practical implications for the design and optimization of photonic devices.
Research progress of hydrogels in the prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease
Authors: Xiao Yile , Ma Teng , Wu Haoming , Su Qiao , Zhou Yayu , Zhou Bingnan , Yang Keyi , Pu Zhengguang , Feng Wanyue , Yong Xin , Zhu Huili , Hu Xulin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a critical global health concern with the potential to lead to adverse outcomes, including infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Since PID is often caused by ascending vaginal infections or urinary tract infections, understanding the treatment of both is critical to preventing PID. Meanwhile, the emergence of drug‐resistant and persistently infected strains poses a growing challenge. This review discusses current clinical treatments for the prevention of PID from the physiologic basis of PID, as well as summarizes the advantages and research progress of hydrogels in the prevention of PID. In contrast to conventional treatments, hydrogels serve as excellent vehicles for vaginal drug delivery, maintaining the presence of the drug at the target site and controlling its release. In the context of urinary tract infections (UTIs), hydrogels are employed primarily as coatings on catheters to prevent and treat catheter‐associated UTIs. Finally, this review summarizes the limitations of hydrogels in PID prevention and future directions for development with the aim of elucidating avenues for clinical treatment of PID and informing further research.
A meta‐analysis and polygenic score study identifies novel genetic markers for waist‐hip ratio in African populations
Authors: Zhong Michael , Onyenobi Ebuka , Duomatey Ayo , Chen Guanjie , Perry James , Ye Zhenyao ,   ACCME Research Group as part of the H3Africa Consortium, Rotimi Charles , Adebamowo Clement A. , Adeyemo Adebowale , Adebamowo Sally N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveUnderstanding the genetic underpinnings of anthropometric traits in diverse populations is crucial for gaining insights into their biological mechanisms and potential implications for health.MethodsWe conducted a genome‐wide association study, meta‐analysis, and gene set analysis of waist‐hip ratio (WHR), WHR adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI), waist circumference, BMI, and height using the African Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research (ACCME) cohort (n = ~11,000) for discovery and polygenic score target analyses and the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study (n = ~5200) for replication and polygenic score validation. We generated and compared polygenic scores from European, African, Afro‐Caribbean, and multiethnic ancestry populations.ResultsThe top loci associated with each trait in the meta‐analysis were in CD36 (rs3211826 [p = 5.90 × 10−12] for WHR and rs73709003 [p = 1.75 × 10−13] for WHRadjBMI), IFI27L1 (rs59775050 [p = 2.66 × 10−08] for waist circumference), INPP4B (rs2636629 [p = 1.44 × 10−09] for BMI), and HMGA1 (rs6937622 [p = 1.40 × 10−15] for height) gene regions. A novel variant rs7797157, near GNAT3, was also significantly associated with WHR (p = 2.50 × 10−10) and WHRadjBMI (p = 2.66 × 10−11). The ancestry‐specific parameters for the best predictive polygenic scores were European ancestry (R2 = 0.68%; p = 1.63 × 10−16) and multiethnic ancestry (R2 = 0.06%; p = 1.29 × 10−02) for WHR; European ancestry (R2 = 1.36%; p = 2.94 × 10−31) and multiethnic ancestry (R2 = 1.12%; p = 3.52 × 10−25) for BMI; and European ancestry (R2 = 3.16%; p = 2.95 × 10−73), African ancestry (R2 = 4.16%; p = 1.75 × 10−96), and African and Afro‐Caribbean ancestry (R2 = 2.67%; p = 4.35 × 10−62) for height.ConclusionsThe discovery of a novel locus for WHR and genetic signals for each trait and the assessment of polygenic score performance underscore the importance of conducting well‐powered studies in diverse populations.
The Utility and Safety of Prophylactic Tranexamic Acid in Tonsillectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Smaily Hussein , Cherfane Patrick 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing posttonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH).Data SourcesWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL for RCT comparing prophylactic TXA to control in patients undergoing tonsillectomy.Review MethodsPer Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis guidelines, the databases were searched from date of inception through October 2023. RCTs of patients undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy and receiving prophylactic TXA versus control were included. Two reviewers screened citations, extracted data, assessed the risk of bias, and classification of Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation independently. Standardized mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied for continuous variables. Dichotomous data were expressed as relative risk with 95% CI.ResultsA total of 10 RCT were included in our quantitative analysis. Eight studies reported on PTH rate. Prophylactic TXA showed non‐significant decrease in PTH (relative risk or risk ratio [RR]: 0.62 [0.35, 1.10]). Sensitivity analysis showed significant decrease in PTH after exclusion of High‐risk bias studies (RR: 0.48 [0.30, 0.77]). Intraoperative blood loss volume was significantly lower in the TXA group (35.59 mL [−48.19, −22.99]).ConclusionOverall, this study showed a tendency toward lesser PTH rate with prophylactic TXA. However, this tendency only reaches statistical significance when studies with high risk of bias are excluded. Well‐designed trials are still needed to support our observations.