bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Library graphic design best practices and approval processes
Authors: Wakimoto Diana K 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore graphic design best practices and approval processes used by librarians.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper used an online, qualitative survey to collect data on librarians’ design processes and best practices. The responses were reviewed to determine categories and themes of librarians’ design processes and best practices to gain an understanding of the state of graphic design in libraries.

Findings
– The majority of the respondents reported that there were no formal guidelines, design committees or approval processes at their libraries. While some librarians were aware of and used graphic design best practices, many respondents were unsure of what constituted a best practice in graphic design.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper was exploratory and the respondents cannot be said to be representative of all librarians and, therefore, generalizations to all librarians are not possible.

Practical implications
– Findings may help librarians who assume design duties in their libraries in exploring best practices and discussing design approval processes.

Originality/value
– This paper is one of the few papers in the library science literature on graphic design as applied specifically to librarians. It increases our understanding of graphic design in libraries.
Identification of barriers to improving quality management systems
Authors: Rogala Piotr 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a survey on quality management systems (QMS)-related problems faced by management representatives.

Design/methodology/approach
– The survey was carried out on certified organisations by means of a self-administrated questionnaire. A total of 97 organisations participated in the study.

Findings
– It was found that the majority of management representatives believe themselves to be well aware of the weaknesses in their respective organisations and of the underlying causes. They also maintain that they know how to overcome them. They perceive insufficient involvement on the part of managers and staff and limited resources as being far more crucial problems.

Research limitations/implications
– The sample only covers 97 organisations, so including more entities would be strongly recommended in any future research. This would enable grouping by general characteristics, such as businesses and public administration, for instance, and allow a comparative analysis to be conducted. Furthermore, as the data in this study were collected from management representatives and are based on their subjective evaluations, they should be set in the perspective of other viewpoints, for example those of top management and internal auditors.

Practical implications
– The survey data make it possible to identify the personal traits and competences required for the role of management representative. An analysis of the problems identified by means of the survey indicates that those competences should fall within the areas of internal communication, motivation and so forth.

Originality/value
– ISO 9001 pays little attention to the competences and role of a management representative. Empirical research on the subject is also lacking. The survey results and their analysis presented here contribute towards a better understanding of the sources of success or failure in implementing, maintaining and improving a QMS.
Recent advances in animal models of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Asano Yoshihide 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem connective tissue disease characterized by the three cardinal pathological features, comprising aberrant immune activation, vasculopathy and tissue fibrosis, with unknown etiology. Although many inducible and genetic animal models mimicking the selected aspects of SSc have been well documented, the lack of models encompassing the full clinical manifestations hindered the development and preclinical testing of therapies against this disease. Under this situation, three new genetic animal models have recently been established, such as Fra2 transgenic mice, urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor deficient mice and Klf5+/−;Fli1+/− mice, all of which recapitulate the pathological cascade of SSc. The former two murine models demonstrate endothelial cell apoptosis and capillary loss followed by tissue fibrosis, whereas the immune systems show no remarkable abnormality. Klf5+/−;Fli1+/− mice develop immune activation, vasculopathy and tissue fibrosis in this sequence, eventually resulting in the development of dermal fibrosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary vascular involvement resembling those of SSc. Because Krueppel‐like factor (KLF)5 and Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor (Fli1) are the transcription factors epigenetically suppressed in SSc dermal fibroblasts, the reproduction of SSc manifestations in Klf5+/−;Fli1+/− mice supports the canonical idea that environmental influences play a central role in the development of SSc in genetically predisposed individuals. These new animal models offer important clues for the better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of SSc pathology and the identification of potential molecular targets for the treatment of this incurable disease.
Suicidal Drug Overdoses in New Mexico: A 5‐year Retrospective Review
Authors: Szymanski Linda J. , Aurelius Michelle B. , Szymanski Sarah A. , Lathrop Sarah L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTo better understand the changing toxicology trends in suicidal drug overdoses in the setting of an increased national trend of multidrug overdoses, a retrospective review of electronic records from New Mexico's Office of the Medical Investigator database was performed between 2008 and 2012 to assess the drug type and current risk factors in suicide deaths. Information on demographics, circumstances, suicide risk factors, toxicology findings, and death certificates was collected and analyzed. Three hundred and forty‐two suicide cases of suicide overdoses were identified. Decedents were predominantly female (61.8%). Scene investigation revealed risk factors including suicide ideation (47.4%), previous suicide attempts (38%), and suicide note (38%). Psychiatric illness was present in 72% of cases, with depression being the most common illness. Chronic pain was seen in 27.2% of cases. Most deaths were attributed to multiple drugs (76%). Utilizing the toxicology information will assist in creating public awareness and provide a framework to support targeted efforts to attempt to prevent future suicides.
Forensic Analysis of a Contact Lens in a Murder Case
Authors: Zwerling Charles S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractContact lenses have had rare relevance in trials and/or investigations. After 5 years of burial, orbital remnants were retrieved from an exhumed body and subsequently identified as a key piece of material evidence in a murder trial. The exhumed case materials were evaluated under laboratory conditions and were determined to be contact lens remnants. Contact lens fracture and burial simulation studies were performed to provide additional corroboration of the physical findings of the exhumed contact lens remnants. This material evidence was instrumental in providing factual proof refuting the defendant's testimony in the murder trial. A brief history of contact lens composition and use is provided for understanding the methods and observational results. This forensic case study represents the first published documentation of a contact lens from an exhumed body being used in a murder investigation and establishes an operational procedure for future forensic contact lens examinations.
Fast and flexible Bayesian species distribution modelling using Gaussian processes
Authors: Golding Nick , Purse Bethan V. 
Published: January 2016

Summary

Species distribution modelling (SDM) is widely used in ecology, and predictions of species distributions inform both policy and ecological debates. Therefore, methods with high predictive accuracy and those that enable biological interpretation are preferable. Gaussian processes (GPs) are a highly flexible approach to statistical modelling and have recently been proposed for SDM. GP models fit smooth, but potentially complex response functions that can account for high‐dimensional interactions between predictors. We propose fitting GP SDMs using deterministic numerical approximations, rather than Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in order to make GPs more computationally efficient and easy to use.

We introduce GP models and their application to SDM, illustrate how ecological knowledge can be incorporated into GP SDMs via Bayesian priors and formulate a simple GP SDM that can be fitted efficiently. This model can be fitted either by learning the hyperparameters or by using a fixed approximation to them. Using a subset of the North American Breeding Bird Survey data set, we compare the out‐of‐sample predictive accuracy of these models with several commonly used SDM approaches for both presence/absence and presence‐only data.

Predictive accuracy of GP SDMs fitted by Laplace approximation was greater than boosted regression trees, generalized additive models (GAMs) and logistic regression when trained on presence/absence data and greater than all of these models plus MaxEnt when trained on presence‐only data. GP SDMs fitted using a fixed approximation to hyperparameters were no less accurate than those with MAP estimation and on average 70 times faster, equivalent in speed to GAMs.

As well as having strong predictive power for this data set, GP SDMs offer a convenient method for incorporating prior knowledge of the species' ecology. By fitting these methods using efficient numerical approximations, they may easily be applied to large data sets and automatically for many species. An r package, GRaF, is provided to enable SDM users to fit GP models.
Alcohol Induces Parallel Changes in Hippocampal Histone H3 Phosphorylation and c‐Fos Protein Expression in Male Rats
Authors: McClain Justin A. , Nixon Kimberly 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundChanges in gene expression associated with alcohol‐induced neuroadaptations are controlled in part by post translational histone modifications. Serine 10 phosphorylation of histone H3 (H3S10ph) has been implicated in drug‐induced changes in gene expression; however, ethanol (EtOH)'s effects on H3S10ph have yet to be examined in brain. Therefore, hippocampal H3S10ph was examined after acute EtOH exposure and EtOH dependence.MethodsAdult male Sprague Dawley rats received an acute exposure of EtOH (0 to 5 g/kg) via gavage. Or, rats were made EtOH dependent by administering 25% w/v EtOH every 8 hours for 4 days following a modified Majchrowicz protocol. In both cases, rats were perfused transcardially and paraformaldehyde‐fixed brains were collected and processed for immunohistochemistry to detect H3S10ph or c‐fos.ResultsAcute EtOH exposure dose dependently altered the number of H3S10ph‐positive (+) cells in the hippocampus. Specifically, 1 g/kg EtOH increased the number of H3S10ph+ cells in all neuronal layers, while 2.5 and 5 g/kg EtOH reduced the number of H3S10ph+ cells, an effect that was confined to the granule cell layer. In EtOH‐dependent rats, the number of H3S10ph+ cells in the granule cell layer was reduced by 66% during intoxication; however, H3S10ph+ cells were increased in all neuronal layers during peak withdrawal. Subsequent examination of c‐fos, a gene known to be regulated by H3S10ph, revealed that EtOH and withdrawal‐associated changes in c‐fos closely paralleled changes in H3S10ph.ConclusionsThese results suggest that H3S10ph regulates EtOH‐mediated changes in c‐fos expression, effects that likely have important implications for EtOH‐induced changes in hippocampal neuronal plasticity.
The Impact of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure on Neuroanatomical and Behavioral Development in Mice
Authors: Abbott Charles W. , Kozanian Olga O. , Kanaan Joseph , Wendel Kara M. , Huffman Kelly J. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundIn utero alcohol, or ethanol (EtOH), exposure produces developmental abnormalities in the brain of the fetus, which can result in lifelong behavioral abnormalities. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is a term used to describe a range of adverse developmental conditions caused by EtOH exposure during gestation. Children diagnosed with FASD potentially exhibit a host of phenotypes including growth retardation, facial dysmorphology, central nervous system anomalies, abnormal behavior, and cognitive deficits. Previous research suggests that abnormal gene expression and circuitry in the neocortex may underlie reported disabilities of learning, memory, and behavior resulting from early exposure to alcohol (J Neurosci, 33, 2013, 18893).MethodsHere, we utilize a mouse model of FASD to examine effects of prenatal EtOH exposure (PrEE), on brain anatomy in newborn (postnatal day [P]0), weanling (P20), and early adult (P50) mice. We correlate abnormal cortical and subcortical anatomy with atypical behavior in adult P50 PrEE mice. In this model, experimental dams self‐administered a 25% EtOH solution throughout gestation (gestational days 0 to 19, day of birth), generating the exposure to the offspring.ResultsResults from these experiments reveal long‐term alterations to cortical anatomy, including atypical developmental cortical thinning, and abnormal subcortical development as a result of in utero EtOH exposure. Furthermore, offspring exposed to EtOH during the prenatal period performed poorly on behavioral tasks measuring sensorimotor integration and anxiety.ConclusionsInsight from this study will help provide new information on developmental trajectories of PrEE and the biological etiologies of abnormal behavior in people diagnosed with FASD.
Sensitivity of GABAergic Tonic Currents to Acute Ethanol in Cerebellar Granule Neurons is Not Age‐ or δ Subunit‐Dependent in Developing Rats
Authors: Diaz Marvin R. , Valenzuela C. Fernando 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe age of first exposure to ethanol (EtOH), as well as reduced sensitivity to its motor‐impairing effects, are associated with a future predisposition to abuse EtOH. In adolescence, acute EtOH potentiates GABA transmission, including tonic inhibition mediated by δ‐containing extrasynaptic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), an effect that likely contributes to EtOH‐induced motor impairment. Prenatal EtOH exposure is strikingly prevalent and is associated with increased EtOH abuse later in life; however, the acute effects of EtOH on GABA transmission in developing CGNs are unknown.MethodsUsing whole‐cell patch‐clamp electrophysiological techniques in acute brain slices, we examined the acute effects of EtOH on GABA transmission and functionally assessed the role of δ‐containing GABAARs in CGNs of preweanling (postnatal day [P] 12 to 14) and postweanling (P28 to 30) male Sprague–Dawley rats.ResultsThe magnitude of basal tonic currents were similar at both ages. However, 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4‐c]pyridin‐3‐ol hydrochloride, an agonist with preferential affinity for δ‐containing GABAARs, significantly potentiated tonic currents to a larger magnitude in CGNs from postweanlings compared to preweanlings. Conversely, acute application of EtOH (80 mM) significantly increased tonic currents and the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents to a similar extent in CGNs from pre‐ and postweanlings.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the sensitivity of the developing cerebellum to EtOH. Furthermore, this study demonstrates age‐dependent functional changes in a well‐characterized circuitry that may contribute to the short‐ and long‐term effects of prenatal exposure to EtOH.
Efficient Inference for Longitudinal Data Varying‐coefficient Regression Models
Authors: Li Rui , Li Xiaoli , Zhou Xian 
Published: January 2016

SummaryInformative identification of the within‐subject correlation is essential in longitudinal studies in order to forecast the trajectory of each subject and improve the validity of inferences. In this paper, we fit this correlation structure by employing a time adaptive autoregressive error process. Such a process can automatically accommodate irregular and possibly subject‐specific observations. Based on the fitted correlation structure, we propose an efficient two‐stage estimator of the unknown coefficient functions by using a local polynomial approximation. This procedure does not involve within‐subject covariance matrices and hence circumvents the instability of calculating their inverses. The asymptotic normality of resulting estimators is established. Numerical experiments were conducted to check the finite sample performance of our method and an example of an application involving a set of medical data is also illustrated.
Late mortality, secondary malignancy and hospitalisation in teenage and young adult survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma: report of the Childhood/Adolescent/Young Adult Cancer Survivors Research Program and the BC Cancer Agency Centre for Lymphoid Cancer
Authors: Bhuller Kaljit S. , Zhang Yang , Li Dongdong , Sehn Laurie H. , Goddard Karen , McBride Mary L. , Rogers Paul C. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryLate complications affecting Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors are well described in paediatric and adult‐based publications. This study determined the late morbidity and mortality risk for 442 teenage and young adult (TYAs) 5‐year HL survivors, diagnosed at 15–24 years of age between 1970 and 1999, identified from the British Columbia Cancer Registry. Treatment details were abstracted from charts. Survivors and a matched comparison cohort were linked to provincial administrative health datasets until December 2006 and regression analysis was performed, providing risk ratios regarding mortality, secondary malignancy and morbidity causing hospitalisation. Sixty (13·6%) survivors experienced late mortality with excess deaths from secondary cancer [standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 18·6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 11–29·4] and non‐malignant disease (SMR 3·6; 95% CI 2·2–5·5). Excess secondary cancers (standardised incidence ratio 7·8; 95% CI 5·6–10·5) were associated with radiotherapy [Hazard ratio (HR) 2·7; 95% CI 1–7·7] and female gender (HR 1·8; 95% CI 1–3·4). Of 281 survivors treated between 1981 and 1999, 143 (51%) had morbidity resulting in hospitalisation (relative risk 1·45; 95% CI 1·22–1·73). Hospitalisation significantly increased with combined modality therapy, chemotherapy alone and recent treatment era. TYA HL survivors have excess risk of mortality and secondary malignancy continuing 30 years from diagnosis. Radiotherapy is associated with secondary malignancy and current response‐adapted protocols attempt to minimise exposure, but late morbidity causing hospitalisation remains significant.
Innovations in Practice: an objective measure of attention, impulsivity and activity reduces time to confirm attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis in children – a completed audit cycle
Authors: Hall Charlotte L. , Selby Kim , Guo Boliang , Valentine Althea Z. , Walker Gemma M. , Hollis Chris 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundDiagnosing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and young people typically relies on clinical observation and subjective parent, teacher and self‐reports. The subjective nature of reports combined with contradictory or missing data can result in diagnostic uncertainty and delay. The aim of this study was to assess whether the addition of an objective test of attention, impulsivity and activity (QbTest) as an adjunct to standard ADHD assessment could accelerate the diagnostic process in routine National Health Service (NHS) settings.MethodIn a pre vs. post‐test audit design, case records were examined in 40 cases diagnosed without the QbTest [pre‐QbTest group] and 40 cases diagnosed with the QbTest [QbTest group], recording the number of consultations until a confirmed ADHD diagnosis was reached.ResultsUsing Poisson regression, significantly fewer clinician consultations (mean 2.18 vs. 3.05; p < .02) were required to confirm the diagnosis of ADHD when the QbTest was used to augment assessment in comparison to standard assessment as usual.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the addition of the QbTest to standard clinical assessment may reduce time to diagnosis and potentially result in cost savings to the NHS. These preliminary data suggest that there is a potentially clinically meaningful benefit of adding the QbTest to routine clinical ADHD assessment and this should be examined next in the context of a randomised controlled trial.
Validation of value of actual micromotion as a direct measure of implant micromobility after healing (secondary implant stability). An in vivo histologic and biomechanical study
Authors: Trisi Paolo , Berardini Marco , Falco Antonello , Podaliri Vulpiani Michele 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe osseointegration process replaces the surgically damaged bone with newly formed bone in contact to the implant surface. This involves some loss of primary stability, which will continue until new bone is formed providing a new stability, known as “secondary stability.” A direct measurement of secondary implant stability appears fundamental to determine the period and modalities for implant loading. The aim of this study was to validate the measurement of the implant micromotion to test secondary implant stability.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four 3.8 × 11.5 mm implants (Dynamix, Cortex, Shlomi, Israel) were inserted in sheep iliac crests. The animals were sacrificed after 2 months, and the freshly retrieved bone blocks were immediately fixed on a customized device to calculate the value of actual micromotion (VAM) according to a previously described technique. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values, reverse torque value (RTV), %bone‐to‐implant contact (%BIC), bone volume percentage (%BV) and crestal bone loss (CBL) were also calculated for each implant. Statistical correlations between VAM and the other parameters were calculated.ResultsData correlation analysis between the examined parameters showed that VAM significantly correlates (P < 0.05) to RTV, %BIC, ISQ and CBL.ConclusionsAs VAM showed to be statistical correlated to the other parameters of osseointegration, it may be used to clinically check the amount of implant osseointegration, secondary stability and CBL. Future studies are needed to confirm these results moreover. An instrument to measure VAM in the oral cavity still needs to be developed.