bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of front‐of‐pack nutrition information on consumers’ portion size perceptions
Authors: Brown Hannah May , de Vlieger Nienke , Collins Clare , Bucher Tamara 
Published: October 2016

Issue addressedPortion size guidance strategies have been suggested as an important component of weight management; therefore, the Health Star Rating (HSR) front‐of‐pack labels could influence consumers’ portion‐size decisions. However, this has not been investigated to date. This study aims to evaluate whether presenting energy content information and HSRs influences portion size self‐selection of specific foods and meals.MethodsAdults were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups in this randomised controlled experiment. Each participant was given either a kJ/100 g food label or a HSR label, or was given no information on nutrient composition. They were then asked to serve themselves an adequate portion of breakfast cereal (Kellogg’s Nutri‐Grain), fruit salad and chocolate, plus a three‐component meal (chicken, fries and mixed vegetables). Portion serves and meal weights were compared between each experimental group using ANOVA and the discretionary foods were also compared with the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE).ResultsNeither the kilojoule nor HSR information influenced the self‐served portion size of foods or meal components. Mean self‐served portion size of the discretionary foods were significantly greater than the standard serving sizes as specified in the AGHE.ConclusionAlthough food labels have the potential to assist consumers in making product choices, this study indicates that presenting nutrition information does not affect portion size decisions in young adults.So what?Strategies that assist consumers to choose appropriate portion sizes should be developed as a weight management tool.
Kidney dysfunction in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Nickel N.P. , O’Leary J.M. , Brittain E.L. , Fessel J.P. , Zamanian R.T. , West J.D. , Austin E.D. 
Published: October 2016

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) both profoundly impact patient outcomes, whether as primary disease states or as co‐morbid conditions. PH is a common co‐morbidity in CKD and vice versa. A growing body of literature describes the epidemiology of PH secondary to chronic kidney disease and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) (WHO group 5 PH). But, there are only limited data on the epidemiology of kidney disease in group 1 PH (pulmonary arterial hypertension [PAH]). The purpose of this review is to summarize the current data on epidemiology and discuss potential disease mechanisms and management implications of kidney dysfunction in PAH. Kidney dysfunction, determined by serum creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate, is a frequent co‐morbidity in PAH and impaired kidney function is a strong and independent predictor of mortality. Potential mechanisms of PAH affecting the kidneys are increased venous congestion, decreased cardiac output, and neurohormonal activation. On a molecular level, increased TGF‐β signaling and increased levels of circulating cytokines could have the potential to worsen kidney function. Nephrotoxicity does not seem to be a common side effect of PAH‐targeted therapy. Treatment implications for kidney disease in PAH include glycemic control, lifestyle modification, and potentially Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System (RAAS) blockade.
Moderation of neoclassical impurity accumulation in high temperature plasmas of helical devices
Authors: Velasco J.L. , Calvo I. , Satake S. , Alonso A. , Nunami M. , Yokoyama M. , Sato M. , Estrada T. , Fontdecaba J.M. , Liniers M. , McCarthy K.J. , Medina F. , Ph Van Milligen B. , Ochando M. , Parra F. , Sugama H. , Zhezhera A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Achieving impurity and helium ash control is a crucial issue in the path towards fusion-grade magnetic confinement devices, and this is particularly the case of helical reactors, whose low-collisionality ion-root operation scenarios usually display a negative radial electric field which is expected to cause inwards impurity pinch. In this work we discuss, based on experimental measurements and standard predictions of neoclassical theory, how plasmas of very low ion collisionality, similar to those observed in the impurity hole of the large helical device (Yoshinuma et al and The LHD Experimental Group 2009 Nucl. Fusion
49 062002, Ida et al and The LHD Experimental Group 2009 Phys. Plasmas
16 056111 and Yokoyama et al and LHD Experimental Group 2002 Nucl. Fusion
42 143), can be an exception to this general rule, and how a negative radial electric field can coexist with an outward impurity flux. This interpretation is supported by comparison with documented discharges available in the International Stellarator-Heliotron Profile Database, and it can be extrapolated to show that achievement of high ion temperature in the core of helical devices is not fundamentally incompatible with low core impurity content.
Modeling non-stationary, non-axisymmetric heat patterns in DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Ciro D. , Evans T.E. , Caldas I.L. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Non-axisymmetric stationary magnetic perturbations lead to the formation of homoclinic tangles near the divertor magnetic saddle in tokamak discharges. These tangles intersect the divertor plates in static helical structures that delimit the regions reached by open magnetic field lines reaching the plasma column and leading the charged particles to the strike surfaces by parallel transport. In this article we introduce a non-axisymmetric rotating magnetic perturbation to model the time evolution of the three-dimensional magnetic field of a single-null DIII-D tokamak discharge developing a rotating tearing mode. The non-axiymmetric field is modeled using the magnetic signals to adjust the phases and currents of a set of internal filamentary currents that approximate the magnetic field in the plasma edge region. The stable and unstable manifolds of the asymmetric magnetic saddle are obtained through an adaptive calculation providing the cuts at a given poloidal plane and the strike surfaces. For the modeled shot, the experimental heat pattern and its time development are well described by the rotating unstable manifold, indicating the emergence of homoclinic lobes in a rotating frame due to the plasma instabilities.
Progression and Treatment Outcomes of Lung Disease Caused by Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium massiliense
Authors: Park Jimyung , Cho Jaeyoung , Lee Chang-Hoon , Han Sung Koo , Yim Jae-Joon 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium massiliense are grouped as the Mycobacterium abscessus complex. The aim of this study was to elucidate the differences between M. abscessus and M. massiliense lung diseases in terms of progression rate, treatment outcome, and the predictors thereof.

Methods
Between 1 January 2006 and 30 June 2015, 56 patients and 54 patients were diagnosed with M. abscessus and M. massiliense lung diseases, respectively. The time to progression requiring treatment and treatment outcomes were compared between the 2 groups of patients, and predictors of progression and sustained culture conversion with treatment were analyzed. In addition, mediation analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of susceptibility to clarithromycin on treatment outcomes.

Results
During follow-up, 21 of 56 patients with M. abscessus lung diseases and 21 of 54 patients with M. massiliense lung diseases progressed, requiring treatment. No difference was detected in the time to progression between the 2 patient groups. Lower body mass index, bilateral lung involvement, and fibrocavitary-type disease were identified as predictors of disease progression. Among the patients who began treatment, infection with M. massiliense rather than M. abscessus and the use of azithromycin rather than clarithromycin were associated with sustained culture conversion. The difference in treatment outcomes was partly mediated by the organism’s susceptibility to clarithromycin.

Conclusions
Progression rates were similar but treatment outcomes differed significantly between patients with lung disease caused by M. abscessus and M. massiliense. This difference in treatment outcomes was partly explained by the susceptibility of these organisms to clarithromycin.
Mitochondrial Haplogroups as a Risk Factor for Herpes Zoster
Authors: Levinson Rebecca T. , Hulgan Todd , Kalams Spyros A. , Fessel Joshua P. , Samuels David C. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background.  Herpes zoster, or shingles, is a common, painful reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus infection. Understanding host factors that predispose to herpes zoster may permit development of more effective prevention strategies. Our objective was to examine mitochondrial haplogroups as a potential host factor related to herpes zoster incidence.
Methods.  Study participants were drawn from BioVU, a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biobank connected to deidentified electronic medical records (EMRs) from Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Our study used 9691 Caucasian individuals with herpes zoster status determined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes 053–053.9. Cases and controls were matched on sex and date of birth within 5 years. Mitochondrial haplogroups were defined from mitochondrial DNA variants genotyped on the Illumina 660W or Illumina Infinium Human-Exome Beadchip. Sex and date of birth were extracted from the EMR.
Results.  European mitochondrial haplogroup H had a protective association with herpes zoster status (odds ratio [OR] = .82; 95% confidence interval [CI], .71–.94; P = .005), whereas haplogroup clade IWX was a risk factor for herpes zoster status (OR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.07–1.77; P = .01).
Conclusions.  Mitochondrial haplogroup influences herpes zoster risk. Knowledge of a patient's mitochondrial haplogroup could allow for a precision approach to the management of herpes zoster risk through vaccination strategies and management of other modifiable risk factors.
Value and Clinical Impact of an Infectious Disease-Supervised Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy Program
Authors: Petrak Russell M. , Skorodin Nathan C. , Fliegelman Robert M. , Hines David W. , Chundi Vishnu V. , Harting Brian P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground.  Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) is a safe and effective modality for treating serious infections. This study was undertaken to define the value of OPAT in a multicentered infectious disease (ID) private practice setting.Methods.  Over a period of 32 months, 6120 patients were treated using 19 outpatient ID offices in 6 states. Analysis included patient demographics, indications of OPAT, diagnoses, therapeutic agent, duration of therapy, and site of therapy initiation. Outcomes were stratified by therapeutic success, clinical relapse, therapeutic complications, and hospitalizations after initiating therapy. Statistical analysis included an ordinal logistic regression analysis.Results.  Forty-three percent of patients initiated therapy in an outpatient office, and 57% began therapy in a hospital. Most common diagnoses treated were bone and joint (32.2%), abscesses (18.8%), cellulitis (18.5%), and urinary tract infection (10.8%). Ninety-four percent of patients were successfully treated, and only 3% were hospitalized after beginning therapy. Most common cause of treatment failure was a relapse of primary infection (60%), progression of primary infection (21%), and therapeutic complication (19%).Conclusions.  An ID-supervised OPAT program is safe, efficient, and clinically effective. By maximizing the delivery of outpatient care, OPAT provides a tangible value to hospitals, payers, and patients. This program is a distinctive competency available to ID physicians who offer this service to patients.
Toward Automated Cochlear Implant Fitting Procedures Based on Event-Related Potentials
Authors: Finke Mareike , Billinger Martin , Büchner Andreas 
Published: October 2016

Objectives:Cochlear implants (CIs) restore hearing to the profoundly deaf by direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. To provide an optimal electrical stimulation pattern the CI must be individually fitted to each CI user. To date, CI fitting is primarily based on subjective feedback from the user. However, not all CI users are able to provide such feedback, for example, small children. This study explores the possibility of using the electroencephalogram (EEG) to objectively determine if CI users are able to hear differences in tones presented to them, which has potential applications in CI fitting or closed loop systems.Design:Deviant and standard stimuli were presented to 12 CI users in an active auditory oddball paradigm. The EEG was recorded in two sessions and classification of the EEG data was performed with shrinkage linear discriminant analysis. Also, the impact of CI artifact removal on classification performance and the possibility to reuse a trained classifier in future sessions were evaluated.Results:Overall, classification performance was above chance level for all participants although performance varied considerably between participants. Also, artifacts were successfully removed from the EEG without impairing classification performance. Finally, reuse of the classifier causes only a small loss in classification performance.Conclusions:Our data provide first evidence that EEG can be automatically classified on single-trial basis in CI users. Despite the slightly poorer classification performance over sessions, classifier and CI artifact correction appear stable over successive sessions. Thus, classifier and artifact correction weights can be reused without repeating the set-up procedure in every session, which makes the technique easier applicable. With our present data, we can show successful classification of event-related cortical potential patterns in CI users. In the future, this has the potential to objectify and automate parts of CI fitting procedures.
Giant Cell Tumor of Cervical Spine Presenting as Acute Asphyxia
Authors: Kumar Rajendra , Meis Jeanne M. , Amini Behrang , McEnery Kevin W. , Madewell John E. , Rhines Laurence D. , Benjamin Robert S. 
Published: October 2016

Study Design.Case report and literature review.Objective.To describe treatment of a unique case of acute airway obstruction by a large C7 giant cell tumor (GCT) with preoperative denosumab followed by surgical resection, and review the literature on this rare entity.Summary of Background Data.Standard treatment for GCTs includes surgical resection or curettage and packing. Large lesions in the spine may require preoperative therapy with denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody to RANKL, to facilitate surgery. It is highly unusual for GCT arising in cervical spine to present with acute asphyxia (requiring tracheostomy).Methods.We report a patient with large C7 GCT that caused tracheal compression with almost complete airway obstruction requiring emergency intubation.Results.The tumor responded to subcutaneously administered denosumab with marked decrease in size and relief of symptoms. Increased tumor mineralization in response to therapy facilitated subsequent successful surgical tumor resection. The patient remains symptom-free 2 years after surgery without tumor recurrence.Conclusion.Denosumab can shrink the size of large GCTs, providing symptom relief before surgery and facilitate tumor resection.Level of Evidence:5
On mitochondrial metabolism in tumor biology
Authors: Shoshan Maria 
Published: October 2016

Purpose of review
To provide examples of mitochondria-specific metabolic events that influence tumor cell biology, and of metabolism-related mitochondrial biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer cells.

Recent findings
Cancer cell mitochondria are rewired to optimally serve the cancer cell under various conditions of cellular stress. The nonexhaustive list of mitochondrial alterations that support cancer cell proliferation, survival, and/or progression includes upregulation of oxidative metabolism and use of alternative substrates, oncometabolites, increased superoxide production, mutated mitochondrial DNA, and altered mitochondrial morphology and dynamics. Potential therapeutic targets include fatty acid oxidation, voltage-dependent anion channel-1, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and Complex I.

Summary
Some phenotypical traits, for example, chemoresistance and metastasis, are likely regulated by a fine-tuned balance between several metabolic processes and events that are upregulated in parallel and are also dependent on microenvironmental cues. Many metabolism-related mitochondrial biomarkers show prognostic value, but the biological interpretation of the data may be confounded by the overall metabolic status and context. Understanding metabolic regulation of stemness is important for targeting cancer stem cells. Therapeutic targeting of cancer cell mitochondria remains experimental but promising, and more predictive markers will be needed for metabolism-based treatments and personalized medicine.
The Effect of Timing on Breast Reconstruction Outcomes in Diabetic Women
Authors: Major Melanie , Devulapalli Chris , Bello Ricardo J. , Baltodano Pablo A. , Reinhardt Myrna Eliann , Manahan Michele A. , Cooney Carisa M. , Rosson Gedge D. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
This study examines the effect of timing (immediate vs delayed) on postoperative morbidity in diabetic women undergoing breast reconstruction after mastectomy.

Methods:
We reviewed the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) databases from 2005 to 2012 for all diabetic women undergoing breast reconstruction. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of 30-day overall complications in the immediate versus delayed cohorts. Additionally, we retrospectively reviewed outcomes for all Johns Hopkins Hospital diabetic patients undergoing breast reconstruction from 2005 to 2014.

Results:
In the NSQIP, 1,408 diabetic women underwent breast reconstruction: 958 (68%) immediate and 450 (32%) delayed. In the immediate group, 10.75% of patients developed a 30-day overall complication, compared with 7.78% of patients in the delayed group. On multivariable analysis, the odds of developing 30-day overall complications were significantly higher (adjusted odds ratio = 1.68; P = 0.033) for the immediate compared with the delayed cohort. In the Johns Hopkins Hospital cohort, 114 reconstructions were performed in 52 diabetic women: 59 (51.8%) immediate and 55 (47.2%) delayed. On long-term follow-up (median = 16.5 months), 41.0% of immediate reconstructions developed a surgical complication compared with 27.8% of delayed reconstructions. Deep infections (P = 0.026), seroma formation (P = 0.003), reconstruction failure (P = 0.001), and reoperation rates (P = 0.001) were significantly increased in the immediate cohort.

Conclusions:
Among diabetics seeking breast reconstruction, delaying the reconstructive surgery from the mastectomy is associated with decreased postoperative morbidity. It also appears that the 30-day postoperative time point available in the NSQIP does not fully reflect the magnitude of the long-term complications these diabetic patients will develop.
Building trust: The influence of mentoring behaviors on perceptions of health care managers’ trustworthiness
Authors: Fleig-Palmer Michelle M. , Rathert Cheryl , Porter Tracy H. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
In health care organizations, trust is critical for effective workplace relationships that ensure patient-centered outcomes. Although research has focused on trust in the relationship between patients and clinicians, less is known about what influences workers to trust their managers. An understanding is needed of the specific behaviors that influence health care workers’ evaluations of their managers’ trustworthiness. Mentoring research focuses on the developmental assistance that a more experienced worker provides to a less experienced worker. Building upon Kram’s (1988) seminal research on mentoring functions, we argue that health care managers can build trust by providing informational (career-related) and interpersonal (psychosocial) support.

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of health care managers’ informational and interpersonal mentoring behaviors on workers’ perceptions of their managers’ trustworthiness and the mediating role of trustworthiness on trust in the managers.

Methodology/Approach:
Surveys were completed during work hours by 315 health care workers at an acute care hospital and associated clinics in the Midwest.

Findings:
Results showed that managers’ mentoring behaviors influenced worker perceptions of their managers’ trustworthiness, in terms of ability, integrity, and benevolence. Ability partially mediated the relationship between informational mentoring and trust in managers, whereas integrity and benevolence partially mediated the relationship between interpersonal mentoring and trust in managers.

Practice Implications:
Health care managers can actively build trust through mentoring behaviors that inspire positive assessments of managers’ ability, integrity, and benevolence.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2015 Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Recommendations for Sexually Assaulted Patients: A Review and Update
Authors: Scannell Meredith 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Individuals who have been sexually assaulted are at risk for contracting human papillomavirus (HPV), the most common sexually transmitted infection. One of the best methods in protecting against contracting the HPV is to receive the HPV vaccine. To date, national sexual assault protocols and guidelines do not include information on HPV vaccination. The current 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has updated their recommendations for sexually assaulted patients to now receive the HPV vaccine. This article reviews information on HPV, HPV vaccines, and specific considerations for patients who have been sexually assaulted.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4, Wound Healing, Scarring, and Fibrosis
Authors: Hu Michael S. , Longaker Michael T. 
Published: October 2016

Summary:
Scarring and fibrosis are an enormous public health concern, resulting in excessive morbidity and mortality in addition to countless lost health care dollars. Recent advances in cell and developmental biology promise a better understanding of scarring and fibrosis and may translate to new clinical therapies.