bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The limitations of dermoscopy: false‐positive and false‐negative tumours
Authors: Papageorgiou V. , Apalla Z. , Sotiriou E. , Papageorgiou C. , Lazaridou E. , Vakirlis S. , Ioannides D. , Lallas A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDermoscopy has been documented to increase the diagnostic accuracy of clinicians evaluating skin tumours, improving their ability to detect skin cancer and better recognize benign moles. However, dermoscopically ‘false‐positive’ and ‘false‐negative’ tumours do exist. False‐positive diagnosis usually leads to unnecessary excisions. False‐negative diagnosis is much more dangerous, as it might result in overlooking a cancer, with severe undesirable consequences for the patient and the physician. Therefore, management strategies should mainly focus on addressing the risk of dermoscopically false‐negative tumours. The most frequent benign tumours that might acquire dermatoscopic characteristics suggestive of malignancy are seborrhoeic keratosis (SK), including solar lentigo, melanoacanthoma, irritated, clonal and regressive SK, angioma (mainly thrombosed angioma and angiokeratoma), dermatofibroma, benign adnexal tumours and naevi (Clark, Spitz, recurrent, combined, sclerosing). The most useful clues to recognize these tumours are the following: solar lentigo – broad network; melanoacanthoma – sharp border; irritated SK – regularly distributed white perivascular halos; clonal SK – classic SK criteria; regressive SK – remnants of SK; targetoid haemosiderotic haemangioma – dark centre and reddish periphery; thrombosed angioma – sharp demarcation; angiokeratoma – dark lacunae; atypical dermatofibromas – palpation; follicular tumours – white colour; sebaceous tumours – yellow colour; Clark naevi – clinical context; Spitz/Reed naevi – age; combined naevi – blue central area; recurrent naevi – pigmentation within the scar; sclerosing naevi – age and location on the upper back; blue naevi – history. Malignant tumours that might mimic benign ones and escape detection are melanoma (in situ, nevoid, spitzoid, verrucous, regressive, amelanotic), squamous cell carcinoma (mainly well‐differentiated variants) and rarely basal cell carcinoma (non‐pigmented variants). The most useful clues to recognize the peculiar melanoma subtypes are as follows: melanomain situ– irregular hyperpigmented areas; nevoid melanoma – history of growth; spitzoid melanoma – age; verrucous melanoma – blue‐black sign; regressive melanoma – peppering or scar‐like depigmentation; amelanotic melanoma – pink colour, linear irregular vessels, dotted vessels. In this article, we summarized the most frequent dermoscopic variations of common skin tumours that are often misinterpreted, aiming to assist clinicians to reduce the number of false diagnoses.
Going from evidence to recommendations: Can GRADE get us there?
Authors: Mercuri Mathew , Baigrie Brian , Upshur Ross E.G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe evidence based medicine movement has championed the need for objective and transparent methods of clinical guideline development. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was developed for that purpose. Central to this framework is criteria for assessing the quality of evidence from clinical studies and the impact that body of evidence should have on our confidence in the clinical effectiveness of a therapy under examination. Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation has been adopted by a number of professional medical societies and organizations as a means for orienting the development of clinical guidelines. As a result, the method of GRADE has implications on how health care is delivered and patient outcomes. In this paper, we reveal several issues with the underlying logic of GRADE that warrant further discussion. First, the definitions of the “grades of evidence” provided by GRADE, while explicit, are functionally vague. Second, the “criteria for assigning grade of evidence” is seemingly arbitrary and arguably logically incoherent. Finally, the GRADE method is unclear on how to integrate evidence grades with other important factors, such as patient preferences, and trade‐offs between costs, benefits, and harms when proposing a clinical practice recommendation. Much of the GRADE method requires judgement on the part of the user, making it unclear as to how the framework reduces bias in recommendations or makes them more transparent—both goals of the programme. It is our view that the issues presented in this paper undermine GRADE's justificatory scheme, thereby limiting the usefulness of GRADE as a tool for developing clinical recommendations.
Convergent validity of actigraphy with polysomnography and parent reports when measuring sleep in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Esbensen A. J. , Hoffman E. K. , Stansberry E. , Shaffer R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need for rigorous measures of sleep in children with Down syndrome as sleep is a substantial problem in this population and there are barriers to obtaining the gold standard polysomnography (PSG). PSG is cost‐prohibitive when measuring treatment effects in some clinical trials, and children with Down syndrome may not cooperate with undergoing a PSG. Minimal information is available on the validity of alternative methods of assessing sleep in children with Down syndrome, such as actigraphy and parent ratings. Our study examined the concurrent and convergent validity of different measures of sleep, including PSG, actigraphy and parent reports of sleep among children with Down syndrome.MethodA clinic (n = 27) and a community (n = 47) sample of children with Down syndrome were examined. In clinic, children with Down syndrome wore an actigraph watch during a routine PSG. In the community, children with Down syndrome wore an actigraph watch for a week at home at night as part of a larger study on sleep and behaviour. Their parent completed ratings of the child's sleep during that same week.ResultsActigraph watches demonstrated convergent validity with PSG when measuring a child with Down syndrome's total amount of sleep time, total wake time after sleep onset and sleep period efficiency. In contrast, actigraph watches demonstrated poor correlations with parent reports of sleep, and with PSG when measuring the total time in bed and total wake episodes. Actigraphy, PSG and parent ratings of sleep demonstrated poor concurrent validity with clinical diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea.ConclusionOur current data suggest that actigraph watches demonstrate convergent validity and are sensitive to measuring certain sleep constructs (duration, efficiency) in children with Down syndrome. However, parent reports, such as the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, may be measuring other sleep constructs. These findings highlight the importance of selecting measures of sleep related to target concerns.
Long‐term outcomes post chronic total occlusion intervention—implications of completeness of revascularization
Authors: Goel Pravin K. , Khanna Roopali , Pandey CM , Ashfaq Fauzia 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundLong term clinical outcomes post chronic total occlusion (CTO) intervention may depend not only on CTO success/failure alone but also on Completeness of revascularization.ObjectivesTo determine long term outcomes post CTO intervention and relate them to both success versus failure and Complete Revascularization (CR) versus Incomplete Revascularization (IR).MethodsConsecutive patients taken up for CTO intervention with at‐least one CTO vessel between Jan 2006 to Dec 2015 were included. Clinical, procedural and follow up details were recorded in a pre‐specified custom made software. Primary endpoint of the study was survival free of major adverse event individual, death, myocardial infarction (MI), repeat revascularisation (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI], or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and recurrent or continued angina. Each individual adverse event was considered as a secondary end point.ResultsA total of 632 patients were enrolled in study with follow up data available in 549 (86%) constituting the study group with 490 (89.3%) success and 59 (11.7%) failure. Complete revascularization (CR) was obtained in 410 (74.7%). Follow up was median 2.9 years with inter‐quartile range 1.1‐4.8 years. Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed a better EFS with both CTO success versus failure (P = 0.03)and CR versus IR (P = 0.017). Individual adverse outcomes however were not significantly different in CTO success versus failure group but significantly better when analyzed with respect to CR versus IR including death (P = 0.049) and recurrent angina (P = 0.024). Repeat intervention and MI were not different by either analysis.ConclusionsSuccessful CTO PCI results in a better long term event free survival but the difference between the groups is more if analyzed with respect to completeness of revascularization rather than CTO success/failure alone.
Roosting ecology of Stenodermatinae bats (Phyllostomidae): evolution of foliage roosting and correlated phenotypes
Authors: Garbino Guilherme S. T. , Tavares Valéria da Cunha 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRoosting ecology has probably shaped several aspects of bat evolution. Although Phyllostomidae species are known to use more types of roosts than any other chiropteran lineage, foliage roosting is almost entirely restricted to the frugivorous members of the subfamily Stenodermatinae. There are relatively few studies on the roosting ecology of stenodermatines other than leaf tent users, and there have been few attempts to reconstruct the evolution of the peculiar foliage‐roosting habits of these fruit bats.Our aim was to reconstruct the evolution of foliage roosting in the Phyllostomidae phylogeny, and to test correlation hypotheses between roost types, pelage markings, and body size.We performed ancestral character reconstructions using stochastic mappings on a molecular phylogeny of Phyllostomidae and reviewed literature records on roosts used by Stenodermatinae. Correlations between roosting habits and pelage patterns were calculated using phylogenetic logistic regressions.Over 1200 records of roost use for 48 Stenodermatinae bat species were found in the literature. Most of the observations consisted of foliage roosting records; the second most common type of roost were caves and crevices, which was followed by holes in standing trees.Our results support a single origin of foliage roosting in Phyllostomidae, which we interpreted as a synapomorphy uniting Rhinophyllinae with the Stenodermatinae. We estimated a minimum of two origins of tent roosting within Phyllostomidae, and our reconstruction suggests that it was basal in the Rhinophyllinae + Stenodermatinae clade.Pelage markings of stenodermatines explained the type of roost, indicating that having white stripes or white spots contrasting with background pelage is related to foliage roosting. Species that use leaf tents are smaller than ones that do not, but group size does not appear to be correlated with tent use.Further studies of foliage‐roosting bat species that do not use leaf tents may shed light on the mode of evolution of this complex behavioural character.
Taste, choice and timing: Investigating resident and carer preferences for meals in aged care homes
Authors: Milte Rachel , Ratcliffe Julie , Chen Gang , Miller Michelle , Crotty Maria 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere has been little empirical investigation of the preferences of people living in aged care homes for food services. The aim of the present study was to elicit consumer preferences and their willingness to pay for food service in aged care homes. Current residents or their family members were invited to take part in the discrete choice experiment questionnaire administered via interview. Of the 109 eligible residents and 175 eligible family members approached for consent 121 (43%) participated, including 43 residents. Participant preferences were influenced by food taste, choice in relation to serving size, timing of meal selection, visual appeal, and additional cost. Participants indicated they would be willing to pay an additional $24 (US$18.42) per week for food which tasted excellent and $8 (US$6.14) per week to have choice in serving sizes. The study found that respondents were willing to pay a premium to receive food that met their expectations of taste, and for a high level of control over serving sizes, which has implications for the funding and provision of food and dining in long‐term care in the future.
Association between obstructive sleep apnea and atopic dermatitis in children: A nationwide, population‐based cohort study
Authors: Hu Je‐Ming , Lin Chin‐Sheng , Chen Sy‐Jou , Chen Chao‐Yang , Lin Cheng‐Li , Kao Chia‐Hung 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with systemic inflammation and may have a similar pathogenesis as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, to date, studies on the association between AD and OSA are limited.ObjectivesThis study evaluated the association between OSA and AD in children in a large‐scale, population‐based cohort.MethodsA total of approximately 120 736 children (<18 years) with newly diagnosed AD and 120 736 age‐ and sex‐matched patients without AD from 2000 to 2007 were identified from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2007. The Kaplan‐Meier test was used for measuring the cumulative incidence of OSA in each cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used for evaluating the risk of OSA in patients with or without AD between the two cohorts.ResultsThe Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed that the cumulative incidence curves of OSA were significantly higher in patients with AD than in those without AD (log‐rank test, P < .001). After adjusting for age, sex, urbanization level, and comorbidities, patients with AD had a higher risk of OSA than those without AD (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.86, 95% confidence interval = 1.43‐2.42). Compared with patients without AD, patients with AD exhibited a higher risk of developing OSA, irrespective of underlying comorbidities.ConclusionThis nationwide, population‐based cohort study revealed an increased risk of OSA in children with AD. Therefore, comprehensive evaluation and aggressive risk reduction for OSA are recommended in these patients.
Generation mean analysis of horticultural traits in mid‐late cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) under sub temperate conditions of Western Himalayas
Authors: Verma Arti , Singh Yudhvir 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSuitable breeding procedure for crop improvement mainly depends on the type and relative amount of genetic components and presence of non‐allelic interactions. Therefore, the study was carried out during three successive rabi seasons 2013‐14, 2014‐15 and 2015‐16 in mid hill zone of North‐western Himalayas, India with objective to estimate the main genetic effects including digenic non‐allelic interactions controlling horticultural traits in cauliflower. The generation mean analysis was carried out on six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2) of six crosses involving four diverse parents of cauliflower. The results obtained revealed that the nature and magnitude of gene effects differed in different crosses and showed importance of duplicate epistasis in the inheritance of curd diameter and curd size index, whose effect can be wiped out by following sophisticated selection procedure such as reciprocal recurrent selection and/or biparental mating in early segregating generation. Complementary type of epistasis was recorded in most of the cross combinations for the important yield traits, which indicates the importance of heterosis breeding for the development of high yielding varieties.
Tree hydraulic traits are coordinated and strongly linked to climate‐of‐origin across a rainfall gradient
Authors: Li Ximeng , Blackman Chris J. , Choat Brendan , Duursma Remko A. , Rymer Paul D. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Tissue David T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPlant hydraulic traits capture the impacts of drought stress on plant function, yet vegetation models lack sufficient information regarding trait coordination and variation with climate‐of‐origin across species. Here, we investigated key hydraulic and carbon economy traits of 12 woody species in Australia from a broad climatic gradient, with the aim of identifying the coordination among these traits and the role of climate in shaping cross‐species trait variation. The influence of environmental variation was minimized by a common garden approach, allowing us to factor out the influence of environment on phenotypic variation across species. We found that hydraulic traits (leaf turgor loss point, stomatal sensitivity to drought [Pgs], xylem vulnerability to cavitation [Px], and branch capacitance [Cbranch]) were highly coordinated across species and strongly related to rainfall and aridity in the species native distributional range. In addition, trade‐offs between drought tolerance and plant growth rate were observed across species. Collectively, these results provide critical insight into the coordination among hydraulic traits in modulating drought adaptation and will significantly advance our ability to predict drought vulnerability in these dominant trees species.
Plasticity of photosynthetic heat tolerance in plants adapted to thermally contrasting biomes
Authors: Zhu Lingling , Bloomfield Keith J. , Hocart Charles H. , Egerton John J.G. , O'Sullivan Odhran S. , Penillard Aurore , Weerasinghe Lasantha K. , Atkin Owen K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn many biomes, plants are subject to heatwaves, potentially causing irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Field surveys have documented global, temperature‐dependent patterns in photosynthetic heat tolerance (PHT); however, it remains unclear if these patterns reflect acclimation inPHTor inherent differences among species adapted to contrasting habitats. To address these unknowns, we quantified seasonal variations inTcrit(high temperature where minimal chlorophyll‐afluorescence rises rapidly, reflecting disruption to photosystem II) in 62 species native to 6 sites from 5 thermally contrasting biomes across Australia.Tcritand leaf fatty acid (FA) composition (important for membrane stability) were quantified in three temperature‐controlled glasshouses in 20 of those species.Tcritwas greatest at hot field sites and acclimated seasonally (summer > winter, increasing on average 0.34 °C per °C increase in growth temperature). The glasshouse study showed thatTcritwas inherently higher in species from warmer habitats (increasing 0.16 °C per °C increase in origin annual mean maximum temperature) and acclimated to increasing growth temperature (0.24 °C °C−1). Variations inTcritwere positively correlated with the relative abundance of saturated FAs, with FAs accounting for 40% ofTcritvariation. These results highlight the importance of both plastic adjustments and inherent differences determining contemporary continent‐wide patterns inPHT.
Evolution of the biosynthesis of two hydroxyacetophenones in plants
Authors: Parent Geneviève J. , Giguère Isabelle , Mageroy Melissa , Bohlmann Joerg , MacKay John J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAcetophenones are phenolic metabolites of plant species. A metabolic route for the biosynthesis and release of 2 defence‐related hydroxyacetophenones in white spruce (Picea glauca) was recently proposed to involve 3 phases: (a) biosynthesis of the acetophenone aglycons catalysed by a currently unknown set of enzymes, (b) formation and accumulation of the corresponding glycosides catalysed by a glucosyltransferase, and (c) release of the aglycons catalysed by a glucosylhydrolase (PgβGLU‐1). We tested if this biosynthetic model is conserved across Pinaceae and land plant species. We assayed and surveyed the literature and sequence databases for possible patterns of the presence of the acetophenone aglycons piceol and pungenol and their glucosides, as well as sequences and expression of Pgβglu‐1 orthologues. In the Pinaceae, the 3 phases of the biosynthetic model are present and differences in expression of Pgβglu‐1 gene orthologues explain some of the interspecific variation in hydroxyacetophenones. The phylogenetic signal in the metabolite phenotypes was low across species of 6 plant divisions. Putative orthologues of PgβGLU‐1 do not form a monophyletic group in species producing hydroxyacetophenones. The biosynthetic model for acetophenones appears to be conserved across Pinaceae, whereas convergent evolution has led to the production of acetophenone glucosides across land plants.
OsPRR37confers an expanded regulation of the diurnal rhythms of the transcriptome and photoperiodic flowering pathways in rice
Authors: Liu Chuan , Qu Xuefeng , Zhou Yanhao , Song Gaoyuan , Abiri Naghmeh , Xiao Yuhui , Liang Fan , Jiang Daiming , Hu Zhongli , Yang Daichang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe circadian clock enables organisms to rapidly adapt to the ever‐changing environmental conditions that are caused by daily light/dark cycles. Circadian clock genes universally affect key agricultural traits, particularly flowering time. Here, we show thatOsPRR37, a circadian clock gene, delays rice flowering time in an expression level‐dependent manner. Using high‐throughput mRNA sequencing on anOsPRR37overexpressing transgenic line (OsPRR37‐OE5) and the recipient parent Guangluai4 that contains the loss‐of‐functionOsprr37, we identify 14,992 genes that display diurnal rhythms, which account for 52.9% of the transcriptome. OverexpressingOsPRR37weakens the transcriptomic rhythms and alters the phases of rhythmic genes. In total, 3,210 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are identified, among which 1,863 rhythmic DEGs show a correlation between the change of absolute amplitudes and the mean expression levels. We further reveal that OsPRR37 functions as a transcriptional repressor to repress the expression levels and amplitudes of day‐phased clock genes. More importantly,OsPRR37confers expanded regulation on the evening‐phased rhythmic DEGs by repressing the morning‐phased rhythmic DEGs. Further study shows thatOsPRR37expands its regulation on flowering pathways by repressingEhd1. Thus, our results demonstrate an expanded regulation mechanism of the circadian clock on the diurnal rhythms of the transcriptome.
Entrainment of Arabidopsis roots to the light:dark cycle by light piping
Authors: Nimmo Hugh G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCorrect operation of the plant circadian clock is crucial for optimal growth and development. Recent evidence has shown that the plant clock is tissue specific and potentially hierarchical, implying that there are signalling mechanisms that can synchronise the clock in different tissues. Here, I have addressed the mechanism that allows the shoot and root clocks to be synchronised in light:dark cycles but not in continuous light. Luciferase imaging data from 2 different Arabidopsis accessions with 2 different markers show that the period of the root clock is much less sensitive to blue light than to red light. Decapitated roots were imaged either in darkness or with the top section of root tissue exposed to light. Exposure to red light reduced the period of the root tissue maintained in darkness, whereas exposure to blue light did not. The data indicate that light can be piped through root tissue to affect the circadian period of tissue in darkness. I propose that the synchronisation of shoots and roots in light:dark cycles is achieved by light piping from shoots to roots.