bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining goal terms in development and health
Authors: Ogbeiwi Osahon 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Most academic literature uses ‘goal’, ‘aim’, ‘objective’ and ‘target’ as synonymous terms, but development and healthcare sectors define them as distinct etymological entities with varied and confusing interpretations. This review sought to constructively harmonise and differentiate each definition using a thematic framework. Method: An inductive synthesis of definitions of the goal terms collected from 22 literature sources selected through a systematic internet search. Thirty-three specific definitions were reduced through serial category-building to single general definitions, and a set of theoretical themes generated as characteristic framework of each goal. Results: Seven conceptual themes evolved from the synthesis, including the object, scope, hierarchy, timeframe, measurability, significance and expression of each goal term. Two terms, ‘goal’ and ‘aim’ are thematically similar as broad objects of immeasurable terminal impact, with a long-term timeframe. They signify organisational success, expressed as general purpose statements. ‘Objective’ is differentiated as a specific object of measurable intermediate outcome, with short-term timeframe. It signifies intervention effectiveness, expressed as a SMART statement. ‘Target’ is simply a specific quantifiable level of an indicator. Conclusions: Goal, aim, objective and target are conceptually different. New frameworks for writing complete goal statements are proposed, including impact and timeframe; and outcome, indicator and timeframe frameworks for aim and objective respectively
Debate - The Trafficking Protocol has Advanced the Global Movement against Human Exploitation: The case of the United Kingdom
Authors: Parkes Caroline 
Published: November 2016

When politicians, responding to public campaigns focused on human trafficking, make bold and over-emotive statements, invoking William Wilberforce and the pressing need to lead the global fight against slavery, the Trafficking Protocol,[1] proves its worth. Insulated from national political rhetoric, international treaties, be it the Trafficking Protocol or regional instruments, provide an invaluable structure for governments’ national legislative responses to human trafficking. As the United Kingdom’s (UK) Solicitor General noted,[2]The UK’s legal framework has been directly influencedby UN [United Nations] and EU [European Union] Conventions and Directives (emphasis added) … [and] The ‘Palermo Protocol’ continues to shape the UK’s response to human trafficking and in particular the care and support afforded to identified human trafficking victims.[1] In full: Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children.[2] Speech, Solicitor General, Oliver Heald QC MP, ‘Prosecuting human trafficking and slavery: The law and the UK response’, UK Government, 12 October 2012, retrieved 6 January 2015 https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/prosecuting-human-trafficking-and-slavery-the-law-and-the-uk-response
Debate: When it Comes to Modern Slavery, do Definitions Matter?
Authors: David Fiona 
Published: November 2016

On the 3rd of April 2015, Indonesian government officials visited the remote island village of Benjina.[1] This followed press reports by Associated Press (AP) that Burmese men were being kept on Benjina island in cages, beaten with stingray tails and paid little or nothing, to fish for a company that occupies the port on the island, Pusaka Benjina Resources.[1] R McDowell and M Mason, ‘AP Investigation Prompts Emergency Rescue of 300 Plus Slaves’, AP, 3 April 2015, retrieved 23 July 2015, http://bigstory.ap.org/article/197048ef871f4b56b4a129d0e3c0f129/fishermen-rush-be-rescued-amid-indonesian-slavery-probe
Privatization, Unemployment, and Welfare in the Harris-Todaro Model with a Mixed Duopoly
Authors: Pi Jiancai , Yin Jun 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper explores the unemployment and welfare effects of privatization through the Harris-Todaro model with a mixed duopoly. Our approach is more generalized than the existing literature. When capital is sector-specific (i. e., it is in the short run), an increase in the degree of partial privatization will raise the unemployment rate, but the change of social welfare is conditional on the market share of the public firm and the relative degree of partial privatization. When capital is sector-mobile (i. e., it is in the long run), an increase in the degree of partial privatization will reduce the unemployment rate, but the change of social welfare is also dependent on the market share of the public firm and the relative degree of partial privatization. Our results capture the fact that the public firm and the private firm usually coexist in a competitive environment in the real world.
Recent change in the productivity and schematicity of theway-construction: A distributional semantic analysis
Authors: Perek Florent 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a corpus-based study of recent change in the Englishway-construction, drawing on data from the 1830s to the 2000s. Semantic change in the distribution of the construction is characterized by means of a distributional semantic model, which captures semantic similarity between verbs through their co-occurrence frequency with other words in the corpus. By plotting and comparing the semantic domain of the three senses of the construction at different points in time, it is found that they all have gained in semantic diversity. These findings are interpreted in terms of increases in schematicity, either of the verb slot or the motion component contributed by the construction.
Analysis of the acoustic climate of a spa park
using the fuzzy set theory
Authors: Sztubecka Małgorzata , Sztubecki Jacek 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The paper describes the differences between the
actual results of the measurement of equivalent sound
level and the feelings of people visiting "a Spa Park".
Noise, as one of the environmental pollutants, cause detrimental
effects on the recipient. Measurements of noise
are usually performed in urban areas, especially in the
road environments, providing a basis for measures to limit
their impact on the environment. Often in the measurement
there are ignored areas for recreation. Usually, they
do not determine the relationship between the results of
measurements of noise equivalent sound level and the individual
feelings of the people living in these areas. The
analysis was performed with the use of fuzzy set theory.
The evaluation of the acoustic climate on the "Spa Park"
should be determined on the basis of sound level measurements
and questionnaires.
Logistics Response to the Industry 4.0: the
Physical Internet
Authors: Maslarić Marinko , Nikoličić Svetlana , Mirčetić Dejan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Today’s mankind and all human activities are
constantly changing and evolving in response to changes
in technology, social and economic environments and climate.
Those changes drive a “new” way of manufacturing
industry. That novelty could be described as the organization
of production processes based on technology and devices
autonomously communicating with each other along
the value chain. Decision-makers have to address this novelty
(usually named as Industry 4.0) and try to develop
appropriate information systems, physical facilities, and
different kind of technologies capable of meeting the future
needs of economy. As a consequence, there is a need
for new paradigms of the way freight is move, store, realize,
and supply through the world (logistics system). One
of the proposed solutions is the Physical Internet, concept
of open global logistics system which completely redefines
current supply chain configuration, business models,
and value-creation patterns.However, further detailed
research on this topic is much needed. This paper aims to
provide a balanced review of the variety of views considered
among professionals in the field of Physical Internet
with the final aim to identify the biggest challenges (technological,
societal, business paradigm) of proposed new
logistics paradigm as a practical solution in supporting Industry
4.0.
New 8-substituted BODIPY-based chromophores: synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties
Authors: Vologdin Nikolay , Achelle Sylvain , Gauthier Sébastien , Caro Bertrand , Robin-le Guen Françoise 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
BODIPY-based chromophores, in which an electron withdrawing difluoro-boraindacene fragment is connected via position 8 to different donor fragments, were synthesized. Their electrochemical and photophysical properties were studied. All compounds exhibit a quasi-reversible oxidation corresponding to the formation of a BODIPY π-radical cation at around 0.8 V vs. FeCp2
+/FeCp2 that is slightly sensitive to the nature of the electron donating group. A reversible reduction is observed around−1.6 V vs. FeCp2
+/FeCp2 corresponding to the formation of the BODIPY π-radical anion. Cyclic voltammetry analysis of a γ-methylenepyran substituted BODIPY indicates the formation of redox bistable system with high bistability. In dichloromethane solution, the chromophores exhibit an intense absorption band around 502 nm and an emission in the 516–528 nm range. A significant emission quench is observed in case of amino and γ-methylenepyran substituents.
An American Advantage? How American and Swiss Criminal Defense Attorneys Evaluate Forensic DNA Evidence
Authors: Vuille Joelle , Thompson William C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCritics of the American system of justice sometimes perceive “inquisitorialism” as an attractive alternative. In this article we will report a comparative study investigating the way forensic DNA evidence is handled in criminal prosecutions in the Swiss and American systems, focusing particularly on the behavior of criminal defense lawyers. We will argue that the successes and failures of American and Swiss lawyers in this context offer important insights into the relative strengths and limitations of adversarial and non-adversarial legal systems.
Hope, aspirations, and resilience in children and adolescents: a review of research on measurement and related antecedents
Authors: Leung Hildie , Wu Florence K.Y. , Shek Daniel T.L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHope, aspirations, and resilience are important developmental assets for children and adolescents. Based on the existing Western and Chinese literature, this review aims to identify instruments used to assess hope, aspirations, resilience, and conceptually related constructs as well as antecedents of the constructs in adolescents. A systematic literature search in the major databases was conducted. A total of 223 articles, with 144 being retrieved from international databases and 79 from China’s database, met the criteria and were included in the present review. Findings revealed that the majority of the existing scales were developed predominantly in the West and there were few validated Chinese hope and aspirations scales. Indigenous measures were also not identified in the literature. In terms of antecedent studies, predictors at different levels including the personal, family, school, and community were found. Implications on the development of hope-based interventions and recommendations for future research are discussed.
In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of isolated compounds of ethanol extract from Sanchezia speciosa Leonard’s leaves
Authors: Bui Thanh Tung , Vu Duc Loi , Nguyen Thanh Hai , Nguyen Tien Vung 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background:

Sanchezia speciosa has been used in traditional medicine for gastritis treatment in Vietnam. Some phytochemical study showed that S. speciosa contains high amounts of flavonoids and cardiac glycoside compounds. In the present study, we isolated four compounds from the ethanol extract of the S. speciosa leaf, and we evaluated the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of the isolated compound from the ethanol extract of the S. speciosa leaf.

Methods:
The leaf of S. speciosa Leonard was extracted with ethanol 96%. Compounds were isolated using column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic method, including IR, MS, and NMR and by comparing their physicochemical and spectral data with those published in literatures. These isolated compounds were investigated for their antioxidant activity using DPPH and inflammation inhibitory activity by inhibition of albumin denaturation assay.

Results:
We have isolated four compounds quercetin 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosid (quercitrin) (1), quercetin 3-O-β-
d-galactopyranosid (hyperosid) (2), sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosid (daucosterol) (3), and 3-methyl-1H-benz[f]indole-4,9-dione (4) from the ethanolic extract of the S. speciosa leaf. The antioxidant activities were in the following order: compound 2>compound 1>compound 4>compound 3. The IC50 values of scavenging DPPH radicals for compound 2 was 20.83±1.29 μg/mL. For anti-inflammatory activities, the order was compound 4>compound 3>compound 2>compound 1. Compound 4 showed the strongest inhibition, with IC50 values of 193.70±5.24 µg/mL.

Conclusions:
These compounds 1, 2, and 4 were isolated for the first time from the leaves of S. speciosa. These compounds showed strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
Reliability-exploitation analysis of the alarm columns of highway emergency communication system / Analiza niezawodnościowo-eksploatacyjna kolumn alarmowych autostradowego systemu łączności alarmowej
Authors: Siergiejczyk Mirosław , Krzykowska Karolina , Rosiński Adam 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The article presents issues concerning on the alarm columns of highway emergency communication system. The system is presented in general and then the reliability-exploitation analysis was done. This enabled preparing a development graph of the relationship, under which is created a set of Kolmogorov-Chapman equations describing the system. On this basis, it was possible to find the relation for calculating the probabilities of system staying (in symbolic terms) in the functional: states of full ability SPZ, impendency over safety SZB and unreliability of safety SB.
Analysis and assessment of an information subsystem in an inland container terminal / Analiza i ocena podsystemu informacyjnego w lądowym terminalu kontenerowym
Authors: Świeboda Justyna 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
An inland terminal is a complex system whereby properly designed elements allow for their efficient operation, by means of transport such as ship, rail or truck with semi-trailer. An information system is an inherent part of a technical system. Every employee of a company is a user of such a system. The aim of this article is to analyse and assess the information flow at the container terminal. The article consists of three parts: the first one characterizes the notion of information and also presents various approaches to the information system occurring in the literature; the second, describes the information subsystem in the terminal container. For the selected sub-process, the methodology of research at the container terminal is presented together with an analysis and assessment of the results obtained. The summary will present a conclusion from the analysis conducted and from the specification of weaknesses of the discussed information subsystem, and will propose the possibilities for further studies and research related to this subsystem.
Dependability issues in designing warehouse facilities and their functional areas / Zagadnienia niezawodności w projektowaniu magazynów i ich obszarów funkcjonalnych magazynów
Authors: Lewczuk Konrad 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The dependability of warehouse facility results from dependability and reliability of its functional areas and effects on the reliability of entire supply chain. The elements of dependability of warehouse facilities should be taken into account at the design stage, but this is difficult because of the complexity of these systems and the variability of qualitative and quantitative structure of material flows at the inputs and outputs. Currently used procedures in warehouse designing include the dependability as criteria to assess the solutions in simplistic terms. The paper presents attempts to systematize basic research issues related to the dependability of warehouses as elements of supply chains on one hand, and technical systems on the other. This will allow specifying reliability measures possible to determine in relation to typical parameters of warehouse facility. This will lead to generalization of the model assessing the reliability of the warehousing processes.
Markov model in logistic management of enterprise / Model Markowa w logistycznym zarządzaniu przedsiębiorstwem
Authors: Ziółkowski Jarosław , Borucka Anna 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The article presents an analysis of exploitation of vehicles of a transportation company, offering services in international transport. The research referred to two stages of the company operations - before and after introducing some organizational changes. Due to the lack of relation between probability of the future event and all preceding events except the current one, Markov processes have been used in the calculations. A simple, 5-state model, constituted a base for defining main directions of improvements and at the same time, effectively indicated areas of negligence and failures. The conducted research showed many faults in the studied system resulting from excessive trust towards the drivers and allowed to introduce some changes and corrections, which in effect allowed to obtain better results.
Effect of flux compounds on the luminescence properties of Eu3+doped YBO3phosphors
Authors: Rafiaei Seyed Mahdi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this investigation, Eu3+doped YBO3phosphors were synthesized by conventional solid state method at 1100°C under atmosphere condition. Meanwhile, different amounts of LiCl, BaCl2and CaCl2were used as the flux compounds to modify the morphology of the phosphor particles and also final luminescent properties. It was concluded that even small amounts of fluxes play a vital role in the growth of particles. Then the emission and excitation photoluminescence spectra were measured respectively at λexc= 240 nm and λem= 610 nm and it was found that using 2 wt.% of flux compounds has a significant influence on the emission intensity of YBO3phosphors.
Multidimensional microstructured photonic device based on all-solid waveguide array fiber and magnetic fluid
Authors: Miao Yinping , Ma Xixi , He Yong , Zhang Hongmin , Yang Xiaoping , Yao Jianquan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
An all-solid waveguide array fiber (WAF) is one kind of special microstructured optical fiber in which the higher-index rods are periodically distributed in a low-index silica host to form the transverse two-dimensional photonic crystal. In this paper, one kind of multidimensional microstructured optical fiber photonic device is proposed by using electric arc discharge method to fabricate periodic tapers along the fiber axis. By tuning the applied magnetic field intensity, the propagation characteristics of the all-solid WAF integrated with magnetic fluid are periodically modulated in both radial and axial directions. Experimental results show that the wavelength changes little while the transmission loss increases for an applied magnetic field intensity range from 0 to 500 Oe. The magnetic field sensitivity is 0.055 dB/Oe within the linear range from 50 to 300 Oe. Meanwhile, the all-solid WAF has very similar thermal expansion coefficient for both high- and low-refractive index glasses, and thermal drifts have a little effect on the mode profile. The results show that the temperature-induced transmission loss is <0.3 dB from 26°C to 44°C. Further tuning coherent coupling of waveguides and controlling light propagation, the all-solid WAF would be found great potential applications to develop new micro-nano photonic devices for optical communications and optical sensing applications.
Der Lehrer als Erbe der prophetischen Mission
Authors: Twardella Johannes 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Gegenwärtig werden unterschiedliche Vorstellungen davon diskutiert, wie die Position des Lehrers im islamischen Religionsunterricht zu verstehen ist. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Kontroverse wird in dem vorliegenden Artikel der Frage nachgegangen, wie im Islam die Position des Lehrers gedacht wird. Eine mögliche Antwort auf diese Frage findet sich in den Schriften des aus der Türkei stammenden islamischen Predigers Fethullah Gülen. Seine Überlegungen zur Position des Lehrers werden in dem vorliegenden Artikel mit Bezug auf einen Text aus dem dritten Band der „Smaragdgrünen Hügel des Herzens“, einer Sammlung von Texten Fethullah Gülens zur islamischen Mystik, rekonstruiert. In diesem Text wird der aus dem Koran stammende Begriff der „Rechtleitung“ dergestalt interpretiert, dass die Rechtleitung als ein Erbe betrachtet wird, das von dem Propheten auf den Lehrer übergeht. Mohammed wird in diesem Text von Gülen nicht nur als Prophet begriffen, sondern auch als Lehrer und zwar als derjenige Lehrer, der am Anfang einer Kette von Lehrern steht. Während die Kette der Propheten mit Mohammed als beendet gilt, wird die Kette der Lehrer mit ihm erst begonnen. Das hat zur Folge, dass jeder sich „in die Fußstapfen Mohammeds“ begeben und an seinem Charisma partizipieren kann, der zum Lehrer wird und die Aufgabe der Rechtleitung, so wie sie Gülen definiert, übernimmt. Die Position des Lehrers wird von Gülen also – in einer für den islamischen Religionsunterricht freilich ungeeigneten Weise – unabhängig von allen weltlichen Bezügen gedacht und konsequent religiös legitimiert.
Bildcluster
Authors: Müller Michael R. 
Published: November 2016

ZusammenfassungDie Vielzahl möglicher sozialer Gebrauchsweisen der Fotografie ist beträchtlich. Das vorliegend dargestellte hermeneutische Verfahren der Bildclusteranalyse bezieht sich auf eine vergleichsweise neuartige Form der Verwendung und des Verständnisses der Fotografie: auf ihre digitale Montage zu komplexen Bildzusammenstellungen und auf die Präsentation solcher Bildzusammenstellungen in technisierten Umgebungen des sozialen Austauschs. Im methodischen Zentrum des Verfahrens steht (a) die figurative Analyse der Kompositionsprinzipien jeweiliger Bildzusammenstellungen, d.h. ihres Ausdruckssinns. Erweitert und ergänzt wird diese ideografische Perspektive (b) durch die Untersuchung der Struktur des medialen Wahrnehmungs- und Handlungsraumes jeweiliger Bildcluster sowie der Beobachtungs- und Erkenntnisstile, die sie prädizieren. Methodologisch gesehen stützt sich das Verfahren auf die Annahme, dass das für ikonische Bildcluster konstitutive „Spiel“ (Wittgenstein) mit Ähnlichkeitsbeziehungen und Differenzverhältnissen keine medientechnische Erfindung ist, sondern seine anthropologische Grundlage und primäre soziale Ausprägung in der Körpersprache des Menschen und den feinen Unterschieden der sozialen Distinktion findet. Dem entsprechend wird die Fotografie in rezenten Bildclustern nicht mehr notwendig als Abbildung oder Dokument lebensweltlicher Begebenheiten verstanden, sondern, so die These, verstärkt als kollektiv geteiltes Ausdrucksmittel, das immer wieder zu neuen Ausdrucksfiguren zusammengestellt werden kann – das also eine dezidiert idiomatische (oder wenn man so will: sprachähnliche) Qualität erlangt.
(Re)präsentation deutschsprachiger Soziologie
Authors: Scheid Claudia 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Das Themenpapier des letzten Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie wies zwei einigermaßen etablierte Fachbegriffe in seinem Titel auf, nämlich „Krise“ und „Routine“. Irritierenderweise wird im Text auf diese selbst gar nicht sowie auf die diesen Begriffen zugrunde liegenden Theorietraditionen nur ausschnitthaft hingewiesen und auch sonst Theorientraditionen nur sehr begrenzt Raum gegeben. Die genauere Betrachtung des Themenpapiers lässt als hierfür ursächlich eine eigentümliche Verzagtheit in der Selbstpräsentation als Bestandteil einer offensiv gedachten Werbestrategie vermuten.