bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les plaques à alvéoles de Bavay : typologie et contexte céramique
Authors: Geoffroy Jean-François 
Published: July 2016

Jean-François Geoffroy, De uitgeholde platen in Bavay : typologie en keramische context.
De belangrijke hoeveelheid fragmenten van uitgeholde platen (muntgietvormen) ontdekt tijdens de opgravingen in de basiliek van het forum in Bavay biedt stof genoeg om vanuit technisch en morfologisch oogpunt vijf belangrijke typen te onderscheiden. Uit deze belangrijke reeks — ook al gaat het maar om fragmenten — kan men heel wat afleiden over de fabricatie en de gebruikte technieken (stempelen per uitholling of stempelen per matrijs). De in de omgeving aangetroffen stukken, hoe weinig talrijk ook, wijzen zonder twijfel naar de tijd van Augustus.
Tous à Cuba ! La course à « l’île authentique »
Authors: Sánchez Romy , Martínez Herrera Claudia 
Published: July 2016

Après la révolution de 1959, Cuba a la réputation d’être le « bordel des États-Unis ». Pourtant, il existe dès cette époque un tourisme de santé et un tourisme révolutionnaire. Avec l’entrée de Cuba dans le tourisme de masse, l’île se heurte à des problèmes d’infrastructures.
L’innovation sans PC
Authors: Calisti Bernard 
Published: July 2016

Ce dont tout le monde rêve ! Une innovation fulgurante qui change la donne et rencontre un succès extraordinaire. Mais ce résultat est rare et hasardeux. Il s’avère d’autant plus difficile à atteindre que nombre de chantres de la nouveauté font de l’innovation une sorte de pseudo-religion dans laquelle les croyances l’emportent souvent sur l’examen des faits. L’innovation n’est pas une masse indistincte, une notion absolument vague et indéfinie. C’est une pratique, avec ses règles, ses nuances et ses variations d’intensité depuis l’exploitation commerciale de changements légers, jusqu’au bouleversement des innovations de rupture. Ainsi, quand le succès est au rendez-vous, les marchés se trouvent-ils modifiés, voire bouleversés. Car les effets de l’innovation peuvent-être épidémiques. Cet effet viral est propre à tous les phénomènes sociaux majeurs, qu’ils soient économiques ou artistiques. Rappelons-nous le succès de Cent Ans de solitude de Gabriel García Márquez : après avoir lu l’ouvrage, chaque lecteur se sentait le besoin de partager cette découverte avec quatre ou cinq autres personnes. L’héritage des grandes avancées humaines est de nos jours confronté à une exigence supplémentaire : celle de respecter les choix d’avenir. Les innovations seront dès lors de plus en plus durables ou ne seront pas.
Les enjeux de la territorialité fiscale
Authors: Leroy Marc 
Published: July 2016

Par rapport à l’action publique, la fonction territoriale de l’impôt se réfère à la souveraineté géographique de l’Etat, mais est devenue plus complexe sous l’effet de la mondialisation (baisse de la taxation des multinationales, rigueur budgétaire pour les administrations locales). Elle renvoie aussi à la politique de péréquation financière et de développement. Par rapport aux contribuables, la concurrence fiscale entre les territoires nationaux a conduit à la déviance spécifique de certaines catégories socio-économiques. D’autres catégorisations socio-territoriales interviennent : créanciers internationaux de la dette publique vs taxation des citoyens nationaux ; zones compétitives vs zones en retard de développement ; E-commerce échappant à la localisation matérielle de ses activités par le droit fiscal. Enfin, les représentations des contribuables questionnent la légitimité des autorités locales.
Le financement des infrastructures municipales et les défis du fédéralisme fiscal canadien
Authors: Champagne Eric , Choinière Olivier 
Published: July 2016

Cet article se penche sur les défis du financement des infrastructures municipales, une compétence partagée entre les trois paliers de gouvernements au Canada. Plus particulièrement, cet article tente de répondre à la question suivante : le fédéralisme fiscal canadien est-il apte à répondre aux nouvelles réalités structurelles qui découlent simultanément du vieillissement et des nouveaux besoins en matière d’infrastructures municipales ?
Des indicateurs pour optimiser l’allocation des ressources ? Une enquête exploratoire au sein d’un réseau administré
Authors: Dubost Nathalie , Fabre Pascal 
Published: July 2016

En France, l’action sociale et médico-sociale est délivrée au sein d’un réseau administré constitué d’associations et de leurs établissements (ESSMS), lesquels sont financés et contrôlés par une entité publique située à trois niveaux géographiques. Face au constat d’écarts injustifiés entre ESSMS comparables, le niveau national du réseau a mis au point un tableau de bord partagé (TDBP) afin d’améliorer l’allocation des ressources. Ce TDBP peut-il remplir cet objectif ? A l’aide du modèle d’Hofstede, nous montrons quel type de contrôle ce TDBP introduit entre le financeur et les ESSMS. Nous présentons ensuite les résultats d’une enquête exploratoire portant sur les pratiques d’allocation des ressources au sein du réseau.
Optical Coherence Tomography and Multifocal Electroretinography in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Neurovascular Relation With Vision
Authors: Nagesh B.N. , Takkar Brijesh , Azad Shorya , Azad Rajvardhan 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate retinal neuropathy in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) with multifocal electroretinograph (mfERG), and to evaluate the simultaneous impact of retinal neuropathy and vasculopathy on visual acuity in subtypes of DME.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This prospective, controlled, investigative study conducted at a tertiary eye care center of Northern India included 79 eyes of 50 treatment-naïve patients with DME (Group 1), 94 eyes of 50 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (Group 2), and 100 eyes of 100 normal volunteers as controls. Comprehensive ocular evaluation along with mfERG and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed for all patients. N1 and P1 mfERG waveforms in the two central-most rings of macula were evaluated for amplitudes and implicit time. OCT was used to sub-classify types of DME and evaluate macular thickness, ellipsoid zone (EZ), and external limiting membrane (ELM) disruption. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) relative to other variables was the primary outcome measure. The three groups were compared for all the parameters inclusive of OCT and mfERG patterns. Further, OCT subtypes of DME were analyzed for mfERG waveform patterns.

RESULTS:

All mfERG values were significantly lower in Group 1 and Group 2 as compared to Group 3 (
P
< .05). BCVA strongly correlated with central macular thickness, EZ, and ELM disruption scores in Group 1 (
P
= .001), but correlated modestly with mfERG waveform amplitudes in Group 1 patients with intact EZ and ELM only. BCVA correlated with mfERG amplitudes in patients with neurosensory detachment, but not in those with cystoid macular edema.

CONCLUSIONS:
Neural changes set in before the clinical changes related to vasculopathy manifest in diabetic patients. Neuroretinopathy in patients with DME affects all retinal layers symmetrically in early stages, but impacts the middle retinal layers severely in advanced disease form. BCVA correlates with electrophysiological changes till the time morphological features are visible when stronger correlation is seen with anatomical disruption.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:626–631.]
Posterior Segment Distortion in Ultra-Widefield Imaging Compared to Conventional Modalities
Authors: Nicholson Luke , Goh Li Yen , Marshall Elena , Vazquez-Alfageme Clara , Chatziralli Irini , Clemo Monica , Hykin Philip G. , Sivaprasad Sobha 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
To describe posterior segment distortions in Optos ultra-widefield images (Optos 200TX; Optos, Dunfermline, United Kingdom) compared to Topcon retinal camera images (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) using optic disc dimensions and exploring a proposed method for correcting these distortions.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Comparative image analysis study on 20 eyes with color fundus images from Optos and Topcon. A model eye with vertical and horizontal grids imaged with Optos in the conventional position and rotated 90° was analyzed.

RESULTS:

Mean vertical-to-horizontal disc diameter ratios were 0.956 [95% CI, 0.919–0.993] for Optos and 1.083 [95% CI, 1.045–1.121] for Topcon (
P
< .001). This was 0.910 in the conventional position and 1.072 with the object rotated 90° for the model eye with Optos and 1.008 and 0.999, respectively, using Topcon. The average of the measurements taken using both images from Optos yielded a ratio of 0.987.

CONCLUSION:
Optos incorporates a consistent horizontal stretch to images. Combining images taken at right angles reduces the distortion.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:644–651.]
Impacto de la Ciencia y Tecnología iberoamericana en Twitter
Authors: Coronel-Salas Gabriela , Mier Sanmartín Catalina 
Published: July 2016

La vorágine en la cual se envuelve la información que transita por la autopista de Internet la hace incuantificable. Por ello, para su análisis es preciso delimitar el área; en tal sentido, la difusión de información sobre Ciencia y Tecnología (CyT) a través de Twitter es la premisa de la investigación. Metodología. El estudio pretende dar a conocer la importancia que cobran las redes sociales en el campo de la CyT, y su influencia en los procesos de democratización informativa. Se empleó la técnica de Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS), la cual permite visualizar a través de grafos cada una de las conexiones y comunidades que estos entes poseen. Resultados. Se analizaron 31 cuentas de organizaciones Iberoamericas que poseen un perfil en la red de microblogging, a fin de conocer qué tipo de información emiten y si cumplen con la función principal: la difusión de CyT proveniente de sus instituciones científicas e investigadores. Conclusiones. Existe un creciente uso de Twitter como fuente de publicación sobre CyT, determinados por indicadores de calidad, cantidad y uso de recursos como: enlaces, imágenes, etc. Se emplea Twitter a medida de las posibilidades del contenido que las instituciones crean; en sí, uso es progresivo; pero su contenido es netamente institucional.
Controls on phase composition and ice water content in a convection-permitting model simulation of a tropical mesoscale convective system
Authors: Franklin Charmaine N. , Protat Alain , Leroy Delphine , Fontaine Emmanuel 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Simulations of tropical convection from an operational numerical weather prediction model are evaluated with the focus on the model's ability to simulate the observed high ice water contents associated with the outflow of deep convection and to investigate the modelled processes that control the phase composition of tropical convective clouds. The 1 km horizontal grid length model that uses a single-moment microphysics scheme simulates the intensification and decay of convective strength across the mesoscale convective system. However, deep convection is produced too early, the OLR (outgoing longwave radiation) is underestimated and the areas with reflectivities > 30 dBZ are overestimated due to too much rain above the freezing level, stronger updraughts and larger particle sizes in the model. The inclusion of a heterogeneous rain-freezing parameterisation and the use of different ice size distributions show better agreement with the observed reflectivity distributions; however, this simulation still produces a broader profile with many high-reflectivity outliers demonstrating the greater occurrence of convective cells in the simulations. Examining the phase composition shows that the amount of liquid and ice in the modelled convective updraughts is controlled by the following: the size of the ice particles, with larger particles growing more efficiently through riming and producing larger IWC (ice water content); the efficiency of the warm rain process, with greater cloud water contents being available to support larger ice growth rates; and exclusion or limitation of graupel growth, with more mass contained in slower falling snow particles resulting in an increase of in-cloud residence times and more efficient removal of LWC (liquid water content). In this simulated case using a 1 km grid length model, horizontal mass divergence in the mixed-phase regions of convective updraughts is most sensitive to the turbulence formulation. Greater mixing of environmental air into cloudy updraughts in the region of −30 to 0 °C produces more mass divergence indicative of greater entrainment, which generates a larger stratiform rain area. Above these levels in the purely ice region of the simulated updraughts, the convective updraught buoyancy is controlled by the ice particle sizes, demonstrating the importance of the microphysical processes on the convective dynamics in this simulated case study using a single-moment microphysics scheme. The single-moment microphysics scheme in the model is unable to simulate the observed reduction of mean mass-weighted ice diameter as the ice water content increases. The inability of the model to represent the observed variability of the ice size distribution would be improved with the use of a double-moment microphysics scheme.
Turbulence kinetic energy budget during the afternoon
transition – Part 2: A simple TKE model
Authors: Nilsson Erik , Lothon Marie , Lohou Fabienne , Pardyjak Eric , Hartogensis Oscar , Darbieu Clara 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. A simple model for turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) and the TKE budget is presented for sheared convective atmospheric conditions based on observations from the Boundary Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence (BLLAST) field campaign. It is based on an idealized mixed-layer approximation and a simplified near-surface TKE budget. In this model, the TKE is dependent on four budget terms (turbulent dissipation rate, buoyancy production, shear production and vertical transport of TKE) and only requires measurements of three available inputs (near-surface buoyancy flux, boundary layer depth and wind speed at one height in the surface layer) to predict vertical profiles of TKE and TKE budget terms.This simple model is shown to reproduce some of the observed variations between the different studied days in terms of near-surface TKE and its decay during the afternoon transition reasonably well. It is subsequently used to systematically study the effects of buoyancy and shear on TKE evolution using idealized constant and time-varying winds during the afternoon transition. From this, we conclude that many different TKE decay rates are possible under time-varying winds and that generalizing the decay with simple scaling laws for near-surface TKE of the form tα may be questionable.The model's errors result from the exclusion of processes such as elevated shear production and horizontal advection. The model also produces an overly rapid decay of shear production with height. However, the most influential budget terms governing near-surface TKE in the observed sheared convective boundary layers are included, while only second-order factors are neglected. Comparison between modeled and averaged observed estimates of dissipation rate illustrates that the overall behavior of the model is often quite reasonable. Therefore, we use the model to discuss the low-turbulence conditions that form first in the upper parts of the boundary layer during the afternoon transition and are only apparent later near the surface. This occurs as a consequence of the continuous decrease in near-surface buoyancy flux during the afternoon transition. This region of weak afternoon turbulence is hypothesized to be a “pre-residual layer”, which is important in determining the onset conditions for the weak sporadic turbulence that occur in the residual layer once near-surface stratification has become stable.
Simultaneous calibration of hydrological models in geographical space
Authors: Bárdossy András , Huang Yingchun , Wagener Thorsten 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Hydrological models are usually calibrated for selected catchments individually using specific performance criteria. This procedure assumes that the catchments show individual behavior. As a consequence, the transfer of model parameters to other ungauged catchments is problematic. In this paper, the possibility of transferring part of the model parameters was investigated. Three different conceptual hydrological models were considered. The models were restructured by introducing a new parameter η which exclusively controls water balances. This parameter was considered as individual to each catchment. All other parameters, which mainly control the dynamics of the discharge (dynamical parameters), were considered for spatial transfer. Three hydrological models combined with three different performance measures were used in three different numerical experiments to investigate this transferability. The first numerical experiment, involving individual calibration of the models for 15 selected MOPEX catchments, showed that it is difficult to identify which catchments share common dynamical parameters. Parameters of one catchment might be good for another catchment but not the opposite. In the second numerical experiment, a common spatial calibration strategy was used. It was explicitly assumed that the catchments share common dynamical parameters. This strategy leads to parameters which perform well on all catchments. A leave-one-out common calibration showed that in this case a good parameter transfer to ungauged catchments can be achieved. In the third numerical experiment, the common calibration methodology was applied for 96 catchments. Another set of 96 catchments was used to test the transfer of common dynamical parameters. The results show that even a large number of catchments share similar dynamical parameters. The performance is worse than those obtained by individual calibration, but the transfer to ungauged catchments remains possible. The performance of the common parameters in the second experiment was better than in the third, indicating that the selection of the catchments for common calibration is important.
Ações afirmativas e o horizonte normativo da democracia racial (Affirmative actions and the normative horizon of racial democracy)
Authors: Delgado Ignacio José Godinho 
Published: July 2016

<p>Este artigo faz uma síntese das percepções intelectuais sobre as relações raciais no Brasil e avalia o impacto das políticas de ação afirmativa ao longo do século em curso. Assinala, também, que o caráter plural da tácita coalizão que sustentou o fortalecimento das políticas de ação afirmativa na agenda política brasileira nos últimos anos sugere a possibilidade de constituição de uma nova crença compartilhada, em que a noção de democracia racial afaste-se de seu paradigma descritivo e ideológico, para converter-se num horizonte normativo, que não mascare o racismo e as desigualdades raciais, mas sim defina os objetivos a perseguir na luta para sua superação e os caminhos para alcançá-los.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The article provides an overview of the intellectual perceptions of race relations in Brazil and evaluates the impact of affirmative action policies over the current century. Points out, finally, that the plural character of tacit coalition that supported the strengthening of affirmative action policies in the Brazilian political agenda in recent years suggests the possibility of setting up a new shared belief in the notion of racial democracy move away from its descriptive and ideological paradigm, to become a normative horizon that does not mask racism and racial inequalities, but set the objectives to be pursued in the fight to overcome it and the ways to achieve them.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: History. Policy. Racism. Affirmative action. Racial democracy.</p>
Seisminės skersinės bangos greičio modeliavimas grunte panaudojus ekstremalųjį apmokymo algoritmą
Authors: Urbaitis Donatas , Indriulionis Audrius , Mokrik Robert , Dundulis Juozas Kastytis 
Published: July 2016

Dirbtiniai neuroniniai tinklai vis dažniau taikomi ne tik diagnostikos, finansų, kontrolės, kompiuterinės grafikos srityse, bet ir inžinerinėje geologijoje. Šiame darbe tyrinėjant Lietuvos gruntų stipruminių savybių rodiklius pirmą kartą buvo panaudotas dirbtinių neuroninių tinklų apmokymo metodas. Tyrimui pasirinktas Stabatiškės aikštelės moreninis molinis gruntas. Aikštelėje atlikti statinio zondavimo bandymai, skirti nustatyti sąlyginį gruntų stiprumą. Taip pat įvertinti gruntų skersinės bangos greičiai (Vs). Apmokant neuroninį tinklą buvo panaudotas ekstremalaus apmokymo algoritmas ELM (Extreme learning machine), optimizuojant duomenis – stochastiniai paieškos metodai, kuriais randamas globalus funkcijos minimumas ar maksimumas. Modeliuojant panaudotas diferencialinio skirtumo (DE) algoritmas. Pradiniai įvesties į modelį duomenys: koreguotas kūginis stipris (qt), šoninės trinties stipris (fs), trinties santykis (Rf), vertikalus geostatinis slėgis (σ), vertikalus efektyvus geostatinis slėgis (σ’) ir poringumo koeficientas (e), o ieškomas parametras – skersinės bangos greičiai (Vs). Atlikus modeliavimą sudaryti prognoziniai seisminių bangų greičių analogai, kurie leidžia įvertinti gruntų dinaminių savybių rodiklius neatliekant pačio seisminio bandymo.
Reconstitution of the complete rupture in musculotendinous junction using skeletal muscle-derived multipotent stem cell sheet-pellets as a “bio-bond”
Authors: Hashimoto Hiroyuki , Tamaki Tetsuro , Hirata Maki , Uchiyama Yoshiyasu , Sato Masato , Mochida Joji 
Published: July 2016

Background.Significant and/or complete rupture in the musculotendinous junction (MTJ) is a challenging lesion to treat because of the lack of reliable suture methods. Skeletal muscle-derived multipotent stem cell (Sk-MSC) sheet-pellets, which are able to reconstitute peripheral nerve and muscular/vascular tissues with robust connective tissue networks, have been applied as a “bio-bond”.Methods.Sk-MSC sheet-pellets, derived from GFP transgenic-mice after 7 days of expansion culture, were detached with EDTA to maintain cell–cell connections. A completely ruptured MTJ model was prepared in the right tibialis anterior (TA) of the recipient mice, and was covered with sheet-pellets. The left side was preserved as a contralateral control. The control group received the same amount of the cell-free medium. The sheet-pellet transplantation (SP) group was further divided into two groups; as the short term (4–8 weeks) and long term (14–18 weeks) recovery group. At each time point after transplantation, tetanic tension output was measured through the electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve. The behavior of engrafted GFP+tissues and cells was analyzed by fluorescence immunohistochemistry.Results.The SP short term recovery group showed average 64% recovery of muscle mass, and 36% recovery of tetanic tension output relative to the contralateral side. Then, the SP long term recovery group showed increased recovery of average muscle mass (77%) and tetanic tension output (49%). However, the control group showed no recovery of continuity between muscle and tendon, and demonstrated increased muscle atrophy, with coalescence to the tibia during 4–8 weeks after operation. Histological evidence also supported the above functional recovery of SP group. Engrafted Sk-MSCs primarily formed the connective tissues and muscle fibers, including nerve-vascular networks, and bridged the ruptured tendon–muscle fiber units, with differentiation into skeletal muscle cells, Schwann cells, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial cells.Discussion.This bridging capacity between tendon and muscle fibers of the Sk-MSC sheet-pellet, as a “bio-bond,” represents a possible treatment for various MTJ ruptures following surgery.