bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing Large Vestibular Aqueduct: Radiological Review of High-Resolution CT Versus High-Resolution Volumetric MRI
Authors: Deep Nicholas L. , Carlson Matthew L. , Weindling Steven M. , Barrs David M. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Lohse Christine M. , Lane John I. , Hoxworth Joseph M. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives:
To compare the diagnostic yield of high-resolution volumetric T2-weighted MRI (HRT2-MRI) with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for diagnosis of large vestibular aqueduct (LVA).

Study Design:
Three board-certified neuroradiologists performed an independent, blinded radiological review for diagnosing LVA with 2:1 age-matched controls on patients with both HRCT and HRT2-MRI imaging.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
All patients between 2002 and 2016 with hearing loss who underwent both HRCT and HRT2-MRI and were diagnosed with LVA on either modality.

Main Outcome Measures:
Concordance rate for LVA between HRCT and HRT2-MRI.

Results:
Concordance rate for HRCT and HRT2-MRI for diagnosing LVA was 88% (124/141) when assessing both the midpoint and external aperture diameters. Fifteen ears had LVA on computed tomography (CT), but not on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); in comparison, two ears had LVA on MRI, but not on CT (p = 0.002). Excellent inter-rater reliability among the three radiologists was demonstrated.

Conclusion:
Historically, HRCT has been the imaging modality of choice for diagnosing LVA. Although a higher concordance rate of HRT2-MRI was found compared with previous studies utilizing earlier MRI technology, HRCT still detected a larger number of patients with clinically significant hearing loss compared with MRI. Given the high concordance rate and efficacy of both modalities in diagnosing LVA, the ultimate decision of which modality to choose may depend on other patient-specific and clinical factors.
Single-chain factor XII: a new form of activated factor XII
Authors: Ivanov Ivan , Matafonov Anton , Gailani David 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
Exposure of blood to foreign surfaces induces reciprocal conversion of the plasma proteins factor XII (fXII) and plasma prekallikrein (PPK) to the proteases α-fXIIa and α-kallikrein. This process, called contact activation, has a range of effects on host defence mechanisms, including promoting coagulation. The nature of the triggering mechanism for contact activation is debated. One hypothesis predicts that fXII has protease activity, either intrinsically or upon surface-binding, that initiates contact activation. We tested this by assessing the proteolytic activity of a recombinant fXII variant that cannot be converted to α-fXIIa.

Recent findings
The proteolytic activity of fXII-T (for ‘triple’ mutant), a variant with alanine substitutions for arginine at activation cleavage sites (Arg334, Arg344, and Arg353) was tested with known α-fXIIa substrates. FXII-T activates PPK in solution, and the reaction is enhanced by polyphosphate, an inducer of contact activation released from platelets. In the presence of polyphosphate, fXII-T converts fXII to α-fXIIa, and also converts the coagulation protein factor XI to its active form.

Summary:
The findings support the hypothesis that contact activation is initiated through activity intrinsic to single-chain fXII, and indicate that preexisting α-fXIIa is not required for induction of contact activation.
Perioperative care of head and neck free flap patients
Authors: Kinzinger Michael R. , Bewley Arnaud F. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
This article reviews the recent literature on the perioperative care of head and neck surgical patients undergoing free tissue transfer.

Recent findings
As the overall success of head and neck free flaps has plateaued above 95%, recent literature on perioperative flap management has focused on minimizing complications, length of stay, and cost of treatment. Current areas of research include preoperative risk stratification, preoperative and postoperative nutrition, intraoperative fluid management, postoperative level of care, postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, defining the impact of comorbidities, and developing comprehensive evidence-based perioperative care protocols.

Summary
Rates of complications for head and neck free flap surgery remain stubbornly high. Optimization of perioperative nutrition, antibiotics, fluid management, and the establishment of structured pathways has the potential to decrease these complication rates. However, more research is needed into defining and implementing optimal comprehensive care regimens for this complex patient population.
Granulocyte and Monocyte Apheresis for Induction of Remission in Children With New‐Onset Inflammatory Bowel Colitis
Authors: Rolandsdotter Helena , Eberhardson Michael , Fagerberg Ulrika L. , Finkel Yigael 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of granulocyte and monocyte apheresis (GMA) with mesalazine for induction of remission in pediatric patients with newly onset chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) colitis.Methods:Thirteen pediatric patients with newly onset extensive IBD colitis were investigated per the ECCO/ESPGHAN IBD protocol. Of these 13, 12 received 10 treatments with Adacolumn (ADA) during a median of 6.25 weeks in combination with low‐to‐moderate doses of mesalazine, which was continued after apheresis. A control colonoscopy was performed 12 to 16 weeks after GMA treatment. Primary outcomes were mucosal healing (Mayo endoscopic score) and histopathologic grading of biopsies. A secondary outcome was disease activity as measured by the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index.Results:Twelve children (6 girls) with a median age of 14.6 years and a median duration of symptoms at diagnosis of 3.2 months received all planned 10 treatment sessions with ADA. Ten of 12 patients had pancolitis and 2 of 12 extensive colitis. A final diagnosis, however, indicated ulcerative colitis in 10 children and Crohn disease in 2 children. At control colonoscopy, 8 of 12 children were in clinical remission and the Mayo endoscopic score showed significant improvement in 9 of 12 patients (P = 0.006). Complete microscopic remission, according to the Geboes score, was observed in 2 patients.Conclusions:In this small study GMA for induction of remission of newly onset pediatric IBD colitis was effective in 8 of 12 patients. Further controlled studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy of this treatment model.
The Rate of Improvement in Long-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy For Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Perry J. Christopher , Bond Michael , Békés Vera 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Controlled trials of psychotherapy and follow-up studies of borderline personality disorder (BPD) have shown significant, but usually limited, improvement. We examined the hypothesis that BPD changes more slowly than nonborderline disorders. In a study of long-term dynamic psychotherapy, 16 subjects with BPD and 35 with non-BPD disorders were treated for a median of 3 years with a follow-up of 5 years. From periodic assessments, we calculated the rate of change for each subject over the course of the study on each measure of symptoms and functioning. At intake, borderline psychopathology was associated with higher levels on 76% of 17 measures of comorbid axis I disorders, symptoms, and functioning. BPD psychopathology was associated with faster (not slower) rates of improvement on three measures, but after controlling for the initial level of each measure, there were no significant associations. These findings counsel both optimism and patience in the long-term treatment of patients with BPD.
Food-Induced Red Eye
Authors: Rodgin Susan G. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This article addresses the etiology of red eyes and a novel case of food-induced red eye.

Case Report
An 82-year-old white male patient reported 50 years of episodes of severe unilateral bulbar injection in either eye following ingestion of certain foods. Thinned scleras in this particular patient made the injection in his eyes more observable. Photodocumentation of this reaction after he ingested these foods is shown.

Conclusions
It is hypothesized that this is a new explanation for an intermittent, unilateral, self-limited red eye—a food-induced red eye.
Incarceration, Sexual Risk-Related Behaviors, and HIV Infection Among Women at Increased Risk of HIV Infection, 20 United States Cities
Authors: Wise Akilah , Finlayson Teresa , Nerlander Lina , Sionean Catlainn , Paz-Bailey Gabriela ,   for the NHBS Study Group
Published: June 2017

Background:
Women involved in the criminal justice system experience multiple risk factors that increase the likelihood of acquiring HIV infection. We evaluated the prevalence of incarceration and compared behaviors among women with and without an incarceration history.

Methods:
We use the 2013 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance data, which uses respondent-driven sampling. We evaluate the association between incarceration and the following past 12 months outcomes: exchange sex, multiple casual sex partners (≥3), multiple condomless sex partners (≥3), HIV test, and sexually transmitted infection diagnoses. Log-linked Poisson regression models, adjusted for demographics and clustered on city, with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals.

Results:
Of 5154 women, 11% were incarcerated within the previous year, 36% were ever incarcerated but not in the past 12 months, and 53% were never incarcerated. Prevalence of exchange sex (aPR 1.32, 1.20–1.46), multiple casual partners (aPR 1.59, 1.2–2.1), multiple casual condomless partners (aPR 1.47, 1.07–2.03), and sexually transmitted infection diagnosis (aPR 1.61, 1.34–1.93) were all higher among recently incarcerated women compared with those never incarcerated. We also found higher prevalence of recent HIV testing among women recently incarcerated (aPR 1.30, 1.18–1.43).

Discussion:
Nearly half of women in our study had been incarcerated. Recent incarceration was associated with several factors that increase the risk of HIV acquisition. HIV prevention, testing, and early treatment among women with a history of incarceration can maximize the effectiveness of the public health response to the HIV epidemic.
Health Care Use and HIV-Related Behaviors of Black and Latina Transgender Women in 3 US Metropolitan Areas: Results From the Transgender HIV Behavioral Survey
Authors: Denson Damian J. , Padgett Paige M. , Pitts Nicole , Paz-Bailey Gabriela , Bingham Trista , Carlos Juli-Ann , McCann Pamela , Prachand Nikhil , Risser Jan , Finlayson Teresa 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
HIV prevalence estimates among transgender women in the United States are high, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities. Despite increased HIV risk and evidence of racial disparities in HIV prevalence among transgender women, few data are available to inform HIV prevention efforts.

Methods:
A transgender HIV-related behavioral survey conducted in 2009 in 3 US metropolitan areas (Chicago, Houston, and Los Angeles County), used respondent-driven sampling to recruit 227 black (n = 139) and Latina (n = 88) transgender women. We present descriptive statistics on sociodemographic, health care, and HIV-risk behaviors.

Results:
Of 227 transgender women enrolled, most were economically and socially disadvantaged: 73% had an annual income of less than $15,000; 62% lacked health insurance; 61% were unemployed; and 46% reported being homeless in the past 12 months. Most (80%) had visited a health care provider and over half (58%) had tested for HIV in the past 12 months. Twenty-nine percent of those who reported having an HIV test in the past 24 months self-reported being HIV positive. Most of the sample reported hormone use (67%) in the past 12 months and most hormone use was under clinical supervision (70%). Forty-nine percent reported condomless anal sex in the past 12 months and 16% reported ever injecting drugs.

Conclusion:
These findings reveal the socioeconomic challenges and behavioral risks often associated with high HIV risk reported by black and Latina transgender women. Despite low health insurance coverage, the results suggest opportunities to engage transgender women in HIV prevention and care given their high reported frequency of accessing health care providers.
Increasing Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Coverage Among Men Who Have Sex With Men—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, United States, 2014
Authors: Oliver Sara E. , Hoots Brooke E. , Paz-Bailey Gabriela , Markowitz Lauri E. , Meites Elissa ,   for the NHBS Study Group
Published: June 2017

Background:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers among men who have sex with men (MSM). In 2011, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) extended HPV vaccine recommendations to males through age 21 and MSM through age 26. Because of this distinction, vaccination for some MSM might rely on sexual behavior disclosure to health care providers. Receipt of ≥1 HPV vaccination among MSM aged 18–26 in National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) was 4.9% in 2011. We evaluated HPV vaccine coverage and associated factors among MSM in 2014.

Setting:
Twenty US metropolitan statistical areas in 2014.

Methods:
Coverage was calculated as percentage of MSM self-reporting ≥1 HPV vaccination. Adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated from Poisson regression models to estimate associations of demographic and behavioral characteristics with HPV vaccination.

Results:
Among 2892 MSM aged 18–26 years, HPV vaccine coverage was 17.2%. Overall, 2326 (80.4%) reported a health care visit within 12 months, and 2095 (72.4%) disclosed MSM attraction or behavior to a health care provider. Factors associated with vaccination included self-reported HIV infection; having a health care visit within 12 months, health insurance, or a usual place of care; and disclosing MSM attraction or behavior to a health care provider.

Conclusions:
Since the 2011 recommendation for vaccination of males, HPV vaccine coverage among MSM increased, but remains low. Most MSM reported a recent health care visit and disclosed sexual behavior, indicating opportunities for vaccination. Potential strategies for increasing MSM coverage include improving access to recommended care, and offering education for providers and patients.
Differences in Awareness of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Post-exposure Prophylaxis Among Groups At-Risk for HIV in New York State: New York City and Long Island, NY, 2011–2013
Authors: Walters Suzan M. , Rivera Alexis V. , Starbuck Lila , Reilly Kathleen H. , Boldon Nyasha , Anderson Bridget J. , Braunstein Sarah 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk of HIV was approved in 2012 and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in 2005. We report the differences in awareness of PrEP/PEP and factors associated with awareness by examining 3 risk groups (men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs, and high-risk heterosexuals).

Methods:
National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system data collected in New York City (NYC) and Long Island, NY in 2011–2013 were used. Logistic regressions by region were developed to estimate adjusted associations [Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR)] and determine differences in awareness of PrEP/PEP.

Results:
Awareness of PrEP/PEP was low for all groups. In multivariate analysis controlling for sociodemographic factors, noninjection drug use, HIV status, and exposure to HIV prevention, males who inject drugs in NYC had significantly decreased odds of PrEP/PEP awareness [AOR: 0.45; confidence interval (CI): 0.25 to 0.81] compared with MSM. MSM aged 18–29 years had increased awareness of PrEP (AOR: 2.94; 95% CI 1.11 to 7.80). On Long Island, females who inject drugs (AOR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.62), males who inject drugs (AOR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.39), female heterosexuals (AOR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.59), and male heterosexuals (AOR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.73) had significantly decreased odds of PrEP/PEP awareness. Black MSM had increased awareness of PrEP (AOR: 4.08 CI:1.21 to 13.73).

Conclusions:
Large proportions of groups at-risk for HIV were unaware of PrEP/PEP. When comparing risk groups to MSM, we found MSM to have greater awareness in both regions. On Long Island, people who inject drugs and heterosexuals were far less likely to have PrEP/PEP awareness than in NYC. On Long Island, Black MSM had increased PrEP awareness and in NYC MSM aged 18-29 had increased PrEP awareness. These findings suggest that awareness may be spreading through networks and highlight the importance of targeted educational and prevention efforts by group and region.
Brief Report: Nonfatal Overdose Events Among Persons Who Inject Drugs: Findings From Seven National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Cities 2009 & 2012
Authors: Robinson William T. , Kazbour Catherine , Nassau Tanner , Fisher Kiva , Sheu Shane , Rivera Alexis V. , Al-Tayyib Alia , Glick Sara Nelson , Braunstein Sarah , Barak Narquis , Shinefeld Jennifer , Poe Jonathon , Raymond Henry Fisher , Brady Kathleen 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:
The rate of drug and opioid overdose deaths in the United States has more than tripled over the past 15 years. The ability to conduct public health surveillance on nonfatal overdoses is limited. The current study used National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) data to estimate recent and lifetime history of nonfatal overdose events in persons who inject drugs in 7 cities. Recent and lifetime experience of overdose events ranged from 3% to 20% and from 29% to 63%, respectively. Adapting systems such as NHBS may be useful in responding to and monitoring emergent public health problems such as the overdose epidemic.
Demoralization among cancer patients in mainland China: validity of the Demoralization Scale(DS)
Authors: Deng Lisha , Pang Ying , He Yi , Zhang Yening , Fielding Richard , Tang Lili 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDemoralization, characterized by hopelessness, helplessness, and loss of meaning and purpose, reflects existential distress. The objectives is To assess the validity of a Mainland Chinese versions of the demoralization scale (MC-DS) for using with Mainland Chinese cancer patients. In-patients sequentially recruited from a specialist tertiary-level cancer hospital in Beijing between January 2016-April 2016 completed Demoralization Scale, (DS) Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Revised Life Orientation Test (CLOT-R), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and provided sociodemographic and clinical information. We determined DS factor structure and convergent and divergent validity. 296/424 (70.0%) participants reported mean DS score=30.42(SD=13.00). EFA identified 3-factors explaining 21.4%, 17.8%, and 10.6% respectively of observed variance. Respective Cronbach Alphas were 0.88, 0.84, and 0.64 (0.90 full-scale). Convergent was shown by PHQ-9 scores correlating with Factor 2 (r=0.606), and BHS and C-LOT-R scores correlating (r=0.632,r=0.407 respectively) with Factor 1. Dichotomizing demoralization (high >30, low≦30) cross-tabulated against PHQ-9 score (mood) scores revealed 47% of patients exceeded demoralization cut-off, 60% of whom were not depressed. Using mean value±SD indicated demoralization cutoffs at <17.4 (low), 17.4-43.4 (medium) and >43.4 (high). Overall 71% met criteria for medium demoralization, and 15% for high demoralization. Sixty percent of all medium demoralization patients were not depressed, but only 5% of high demoralization patients were not depressed. The conclusion is that the Mainland Chinese Demoralization Scale is useful for detecting mild-to-moderate demoralization in cancer patients but at higher scores has poor specificity against depression.
Exposing the Exposome with Global Metabolomics and Cognitive Computing
Authors: Warth Benedikt , Spangler Scott , Fang Mingliang , Johnson Caroline H , Forsberg Erica M , Granados Ana , Martin Richard L , Domingo Xavi , Huan Tao , Rinehart Duane , Montenegro-Burke J Rafael , Hilmers Brian , Aisporna Aries , Hoang Linh T , Uritboonthai Winnie , Benton Paul , Richardson Susan D , Williams Antony J , Siuzdak Gary 
Published: June 2017

AbstractConcurrent exposure to a wide variety of xenobiotics and their combined toxic effects can play a pivotal role in health and disease, yet are largely unexplored. Investigating the totality of these exposures, i.e. theexposome, and their specific biological effects constitutes a new paradigm for environmental health but still lacks high-throughput, user-friendly technology. We demonstrate the utility of mass spectrometry-based global exposure metabolomics combined with tailored database queries and cognitive computing for comprehensive exposure assessment and the straightforward elucidation of biological effects. The METLIN Exposome database has been redesigned to help identify environmental toxicants, food contaminants and supplements, drugs, and antibiotics as well as their biotransformation products, through its expansion with over 700,000 chemical structures to now include more than 950,000 unique small molecules. More importantly, we demonstrate how the XCMS/METLIN platform now allows for the readout of the biological effect of a toxicant through metabolomic-derived pathway analysis and further, cognitive computing provides a means of assessing the role of a potential toxicant. The presented workflow addresses many of the outstanding methodological challenges current exposome research is facing and will serve to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of environmental exposures and combinatory toxic effects on human health.
Transcriptome Deconvolution of Heterogeneous Tumor Samples with Immune Infiltration
Authors: Wang Zeya , Cao Shaolong , Morris Jeffrey S. , Ahn Jaeil , Liu Rongjie , Tyekucheva Svitlana , Gao Fan , Li Bo , Lu Wei , Tang Ximing , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Bowden Michaela , Mucci Lorelei , Loda Massimo , Parmigiani Giovanni , Holmes Chris C. , Wang Wenyi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTranscriptomic deconvolution in cancer and other heterogeneous tissues remains challenging. Available methods lack the ability to estimate both component-specific proportions and expression profiles for individual samples. We presentDeMixT, a new tool to deconvolve high dimensional data from mixtures of more than two components.DeMixTimplements an iterated conditional mode algorithm and a novel gene-set-based component merging approach to improve accuracy. In a series of experimental validation studies and application to TCGA data,DeMixTshowed high accuracy. Improved deconvolution is an important step towards linking tumor transcriptomic data with clinical outcomes. An R package, scripts and data are available:https://github.com/wwylab/DeMixT/.
The uptake of attractant and flavour enhanced baits by foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in rural England
Authors: Smith G.C. , Woods J.A. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTOver a 15 month period the removal rates of different attractant and flavour enhanced baits, by foxes, was investigated at permanent and single use sites. All baits were composed of mechanically recovered chicken meat (MRM) and were treated with one of four additives (an attractant or flavour); untreated baits were used as experimental controls. The addition of synthetic ferment egg (SFE) increased bait removal compared with untreated and valeric acid (VA) treated bait. However, the addition of beef flavour or honey flavour to bait did not increase bait removal rates compared to untreated bait.There was limited evidence of learning (by foxes and other species responsible for removing the bait) at one of the permanent study sites but no evidence of such behaviour at the other site. There was no evidence of consistent seasonal differences in bait removal rates.It was concluded that the use of attractants may increase bait removal rate in areas where bait removal rate is low; but where bait removal rate is high (in most rural areas of Britain) the addition of attractants or flavours offers little advantage.