bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper-Tropospheric Precursors to the Formation of Subtropical Cyclones that Undergo Tropical Transition in the North Atlantic Basin
Authors: Bentley Alicia M. , Bosart Lance F. , Keyser Daniel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe opportunity to examine the structure and evolution of the various upper-tropospheric precursors to the formation of North Atlantic (NATL) subtropical cyclones (STCs) that undergo tropical transition (TT) motivates this study. Intraseasonal variability associated with the location and frequency of NATL STCs forming in the presence of similar upper-tropospheric features, as well as similarities and differences in the various upper-tropospheric precursors to the formation of NATL STCs that undergo TT, are examined. NATL STCs that undergo TT are categorized according to the upper-tropospheric features associated with their formation during 1979–2010 using the 0.5° NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis dataset. This categorization allows for the documentation of the location and frequency of STCs forming in the presence of similar upper-tropospheric features and for the construction of cyclone-relative composites during the five days prior to STC formation.NATL STCs that undergo TT are separated into one of three categories based on the upper-tropospheric features associated with their formation: 1) cutoff lows, 2) meridional troughs, and 3) zonal troughs. STCs included in the cutoff low and meridional trough categories typically develop poleward of ~25°N over the western, central, and eastern NATL during September–November and August–November, respectively. In contrast, STCs included in the zonal trough category typically develop equatorward of ~30°N over the western NATL during June–September. Cyclone-relative composites reveal that ~61% of the categorized NATL STCs that undergo TT form in association with an upper-tropospheric feature whose structure and evolution are linked to anticyclonic wave breaking.
Design and Implementation of a GSI-Based Convection-Allowing Ensemble Data Assimilation and Forecast System for the PECAN Field Experiment. Part I: Optimal Configurations for Nocturnal Convection Prediction Using Retrospective Cases
Authors: Johnson Aaron , Wang Xuguang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
A real-time GSI-based and ensemble-based data assimilation (DA) and forecast system was implemented at the University of Oklahoma during the 2015 Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) experiment. Extensive experiments on the configuration of the cycled DA and on both the DA and forecast physics ensembles were conducted using retrospective cases to optimize the system design for nocturnal convection. The impacts of radar DA between 1200 and 1300 UTC, as well as the frequency and number of DA cycles and the DA physics configuration, extend through the following night. Ten-minute cycling of radar DA leads to more skillful forecasts than both more and less frequent cycling. The Thompson microphysics scheme for DA better analyzes the effects of morning convection on environmental moisture than WSM6, which improves the convection forecast the following night. A multi-PBL configuration during DA leads to less skillful short-term forecasts than even a relatively poorly performing single-PBL scheme. Deterministic and ensemble forecast physics configurations are also evaluated. Thompson microphysics and the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino (MYNN) PBL provide the most skillful nocturnal precipitation forecasts. A well thought out multiphysics configuration is shown to provide advantages over evenly distributing three of the best-performing microphysics and PBL schemes or a fixed MYNN/Thompson ensemble. This is shown using objective and subjective verification of precipitation and nonprecipitation variables, including convective initiation. Predictions of the low-level jet are sensitive to the PBL scheme, with the best scheme being variable and time dependent. These results guided the implementation and verification of a real-time ensemble DA and forecast system for PECAN.
Midterm Outcomes of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Hemiarthroplasty of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint in Advanced Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Daniels Timothy R. , Younger Alastair S. E. , Penner Murray J. , Wing Kevin J. , Miniaci-Coxhead Sara Lyn , Pinsker Ellie , Glazebrook Mark 
Published: December 2016

Background: Hallux rigidus is the most common arthritic condition of the foot. A randomized clinical trial of first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint hemiarthroplasty with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel implant (Cartiva) demonstrated pain relief and functional outcomes equivalent to first MTP arthrodesis at 2 years postoperation, with no cases of implant fragmentation, wear, or bone loss. We prospectively determined 5-year outcomes of first MTP hemiarthroplasty with the PVA hydrogel implant. Methods: Patients who underwent first PVA hydrogel MTP hemiarthroplasty in the previously reported trial were evaluated at 5 years postoperatively. Patients underwent physical examination and radiographic evaluation and completed a pain VAS, the Short-Form-36 (SF-36), and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) sports subscale and activities of daily living (ADL) subscale. At the time of this study, 29 patients had reached 5 years’ follow-up. Two were lost to follow-up, leaving 27 patients with mean age 56.1 (range, 40.1-71.9) years. Mean follow-up was 5.4 (range, 4.9-6.4) years. Results: Postoperative active MTP natural joint dorsiflexion and peak MTP dorsiflexion were mean 18.2 (range, 10.0-30.0) and 29.7 (range, 10.0-45.0) degrees, respectively. Pain VAS, SF-36 PCS, FAAM ADL, and FAAM Sports scores demonstrated clinically and statistically significant improvements. Radiographically, no patient demonstrated changes in implant position, implant loosening or subsidence, or implant wear. One implant was removed because of persistent pain and converted to fusion 2 years postoperation. Conclusion: Five years following first MTP hemiarthroplasty with a PVA hydrogel implant, functional outcomes improved significantly, pain was reduced significantly, and the implant demonstrated excellent survivorship. Level of Evidence: Level IV, prospective case series.
Evaluation of Shoulder-Stabilizing Braces
Authors: Baker Hayden P. , Tjong Vehniah K. , Dunne Kevin F. , Lindley Tory R. , Terry Michael A. 
Published: December 2016

Background: Shoulder injuries remain one of the most common injuries among collegiate football athletes. Offensive linemen in particular are prone to posterior labral pathology. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of shoulder bracing in collegiate offensive linemen with respect to injury prevention, severity, and lost playing time. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Offensive linemen at a single collegiate institution wore bilateral shoulder-stabilizing braces for every contact practice and game beginning in the spring of 2013. Between spring of 2007 and fall of 2012, offensive linemen did not wear any shoulder braces. Player injury data were collected for all contact practices and games throughout these time periods to highlight differences with brace use. Results: Forty-five offensive linemen (90 shoulders) participated in spring and fall college football seasons between 2007 and 2015. There were 145 complete offensive linemen seasons over the course of the study. Offensive linemen not wearing shoulder braces completed 87 seasons; offensive linemen wearing shoulder braces completed 58 seasons. Posterior labral tear injury rates were calculated for players who wore the shoulder braces (0.71 per 1000 athlete-exposures) compared with shoulders of players who did not wear the braces (1.90 per 1000 athlete-exposures). The risk ratio was 0.46 (95% CI, 0.16-1.30; P = .14). Mean time (contact practices and games) missed due to injury was significant, favoring less time missed by players who used braces (8.7 vs 36.60 contact practices and games missed due to injury; P = .0019). No significant difference in shoulder labral tears requiring surgery was found for brace use compared with no brace use. Conclusion: Shoulder-stabilizing braces were shown not to prevent posterior labral tears among collegiate offensive lineman, although they were associated with less time lost to injury. The results of this study have clinical significance, indicating that wearing a shoulder brace provides a protective factor for offensive linemen.
Long-term risk of second malignancy and cardiovascular disease after Hodgkin lymphoma treatment
Authors: van Leeuwen Flora E. , Ng Andrea K. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) experience several late adverse effects of treatment, with second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) being the leading causes of death in these patients. Other late effects have also been identified, such as pulmonary dysfunction, endocrinopathies (thyroid dysfunction, infertility), neck muscle atrophy, and persistent fatigue. HL survivors have two- to fourfold increased risks to develop SMNs and CVD compared with the general population. With respect to SMNs, radiotherapy is associated with 1.5- to 15-fold increased risk of solid malignancies. The relative risk (RR) of solid tumors increases steadily with increasing follow-up time from 5 to 15 years since radiotherapy, and remains elevated for at least 40 years. The RR of solid SMNs increases strongly with younger age at first treatment. Risks of lung, breast, and gastrointestinal (GI) cancers increase with higher radiation dose. Alkylating agent chemotherapy, especially procarbazine, does not only increase risk of leukemia but also of solid malignancies, in particular, cancers of the lung and GI tract. In contrast, gonadotoxic chemotherapy decreases the risk of radiation-associated breast cancer, through induction of premature menopause. Smoking appears to multiply the radiation- and chemotherapy-associated risks of lung cancer. Both radiotherapy and chemotherapy for HL may cause cardiovascular toxicity. Radiotherapy increases the risk of coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, congestive heart failure (HF), and pericarditis, whereas anthracycline-containing chemotherapy increases the risks of HF and valvular heart disease. Cardiovascular toxicity following radiotherapy is usually observed from 5 to at least 35 years after therapy, whereas anthracycline-related toxicity is already observed during treatment, up to at least 25 years. The joint effects of anthracyclines, radiotherapy, and conventional cardiovascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, smoking, and physical inactivity) appear to be additive rather than multiplicative. HL survivors need lifelong risk-based screening for selected SMNs and CVDs. Furthermore, preventive strategies should include lifestyle and drug-based interventions to minimize exposure to conventional risk factors for cancer and CVD.
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Raetz Elizabeth A. , Teachey David T. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is biologically distinct from its B lymphoblastic (B-ALL) counterpart and shows different kinetic patterns of disease response. Although very similar regimens are used to treat T-ALL and B-ALL, distinctions in response to different elements of therapy have been observed. Similar to B-ALL, the key prognostic determinant in T-ALL is minimal residual disease (MRD) response. Unlike B-ALL, other factors including age, white blood cell count at diagnosis, and genetics of the ALL blasts are not independently prognostic when MRD response is included. Recent insights into T-ALL biology, using modern genomic techniques, have identified a number of recurrent lesions that can be grouped into several targetable pathways, including Notch, Jak/Stat, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and MAPK. With contemporary chemotherapy, outcomes for de novo T-ALL have steadily improved and now approach those observed in B-ALL, with approximately 85% 5-year event-free survival. Unfortunately, salvage has remained poor, with less than 25% event-free and overall survival rates for relapsed disease. Thus, current efforts are focused on preventing relapse by augmenting therapy for high-risk patients, sparing toxicity in favorable subsets and developing new approaches for the treatment of recurrent disease.
Prevention of thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Lim Wendy 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired autoimmune condition characterized by thrombotic events, pregnancy morbidity, and laboratory evidence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Management of these patients includes the prevention of a first thrombotic episode in at-risk patients (primary prevention) and preventing recurrent thrombotic complications in patients with a history of thrombosis (secondary prevention). Assessment of thrombotic risk in these patients, balanced against estimated bleeding risks associated with antithrombotic therapy could assist clinicians in determining whether antithrombotic therapy is warranted. Thrombotic risk can be assessed by evaluating a patient’s aPL profile and additional thrombotic risk factors. Although antithrombotic options for secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been evaluated in clinical trials, studies in primary prevention of asymptomatic aPL-positive patients are needed. Primary prevention with aspirin may be considered in asymptomatic patients who have a high-risk aPL profile, particularly if additional risk factors are present. Secondary prevention with long-term anticoagulation is recommended based on estimated risks of VTE recurrence, although routine evaluation of thrombotic risk can assist in determining whether ongoing anticoagulation is warranted. Studies that stratify thrombotic risk in aPL-positive patients, and patients with APS evaluating antithrombotic and non-antithrombotic therapies will be useful in optimizing the management of these patients.
Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in multiple myeloma: a dream or a reality?
Authors: Rosenblatt Jacalyn , Avigan David 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is a negative regulator of immune activation that is upregulated in multiple myeloma and is a critical component of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Expression is increased in advanced disease and in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is associated with tumor regression in several malignancies, but single-agent activity is limited in myeloma patients. Combination therapy involving strategies to expand myeloma-specific T cells and T-cell activation via PD-1/PD-L1 blockade are currently being explored.
STON: exploring biological pathways using the SBGN standard and graph databases
Authors: Touré Vasundra , Mazein Alexander , Waltemath Dagmar , Balaur Irina , Saqi Mansoor , Henkel Ron , Pellet Johann , Auffray Charles 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
When modeling in Systems Biology and Systems Medicine, the data is often extensive, complex and heterogeneous. Graphs are a natural way of representing biological networks. Graph databases enable efficient storage and processing of the encoded biological relationships. They furthermore support queries on the structure of biological networks.

Results
We present the Java-based framework STON (SBGN TO Neo4j). STON imports and translates metabolic, signalling and gene regulatory pathways represented in the Systems Biology Graphical Notation into a graph-oriented format compatible with the Neo4j graph database.

Conclusion
STON exploits the power of graph databases to store and query complex biological pathways. This advances the possibility of: i) identifying subnetworks in a given pathway; ii) linking networks across different levels of granularity to address difficulties related to incomplete knowledge representation at single level; and iii) identifying common patterns between pathways in the database.
Growth of Nonoperating Room Anesthesia Care in the United States: A Contemporary Trends Analysis
Authors: Nagrebetsky Alexander , Gabriel Rodney A. , Dutton Richard P. , Urman Richard D. 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND:
Although previous publications suggest an increasing demand and volume of nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA) cases in the United States, there is little factual information on either volume or characteristics of NORA cases at a national level. Our goal was to assess the available data using the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry (NACOR).

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective analysis of NORA volume and case characteristics using NACOR data for the period 2010–2014. Operating room (OR) and NORA cases were assessed for patient, provider, procedural, and facility characteristics. NACOR may indicate general trends, since it collects data on about 25% of all anesthetics in the United States each year. We examined trends in the annual proportion of NORA cases, the annual mean age of patients, the annual proportions of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA PS) III–V patients, and outpatient cases. Regression analyses for trends included facility type and urban/rural location as covariables. The most frequently reported procedures were identified.

RESULTS:
The proportion of NORA cases overall increased from 28.3% in 2010 to 35.9% in 2014 (P < .001). The mean age of NORA patients was 3.5 years higher compared with OR patients (95% CI 3.5–3.5, P < .001). The proportion of patients with ASA PS class III–V was higher in the NORA group compared with OR group, 37.6% and 33.0%, respectively (P < .001). The median (quartile 1, 3) duration of NORA cases was 40 (25, 70) minutes compared with 86 (52, 141) minutes for OR cases (P < .001). In comparison to OR cases, more NORA cases were started after normal working hours (9.9% vs 16.7%, P < .001). Colonoscopy was the most common procedure that required NORA. There was a significant upward trend in the mean age of NORA patients in the multivariable analysis—the estimated increase in mean age was 1.06 years of age per year of study period (slope 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.07, P < .001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the mean age of NORA patients increased significantly faster compared with OR patients (difference in slopes 0.39; 95% CI 0.38–0.41, P < .001). The annual increase in ordinal ASA PS of NORA patients was small in magnitude, but statistically significant (odds ratio 1.03; 95% CI 1.03–1.03, P < .001). The proportion of outpatient NORA cases increased from 69.7% in 2010 to 73.3% in 2014 (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results demonstrate that NORA is a growing component of anesthesiology practice. The proportion of cases performed outside of the OR increased during the study period. In addition, we identified an upward trend in the age of patients receiving NORA care. NORA cases were different from OR cases in a number of aspects. Data collected by NACOR in the coming years will further characterize the trends identified in this study.
Die Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Bibliothek der ULB Halle
Authors: Sommer Dorothea , Schnelling Heiner 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Die neue Bibliothek für Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften der Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt in Halle wurde im Oktober 2015 eröffnet, mehr als 15 Jahre nach ihrer ersten Konzeption. Vor ihrer baulichen Realisierung fanden innerhalb des Bibliothekssystems der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg eine Reihe von wichtigen Zentralisierungsmaßnahmen statt, die sowohl die erfolgreiche Zusammenarbeit mit wichtigen Gremien innerhalb der Universität zur Voraussetzung hatten als auch das Bemühen, die politischen Entscheidungsträger in die Realisierung des Bauvorhabens einzubinden. Schließlich konnte das neue Bibliotheksgebäude, in dem sieben Zweigbibliotheken zentralisiert wurden, auf einer Fläche von 4 623 Quadratmetern gebaut werden. Die Bibliothek ist für eine Kapazität von 750 000 Medien ausgelegt. Sie ist mittlerweile die größte Zweigbibliothek im Bibliothekssystem der Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek und gleichzeitig das Herzstück des neuen Steintor-Campus der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften der Martin-Luther-Universität in Halle. Darüber hinaus hat der Neubau der Bibliothek auch das Stadtviertel am Steintor transformiert, wo inzwischen in einem der verkehrsreichsten Gebiete der Stadt die Platzgestaltung und die Verkehrsströme völlig verändert werden. Die Bibliothek wurde dadurch auch zum „placemaker“.
Der Artikel geht auf die Prozesse der Entscheidungsfindung für das neue Bibliotheksgebäude des Leipziger Architekturbüros Eßmann, Nieper & Partner ein, das auch eine moderne Antwort finden musste im Kontext mit dem klassischen, denkmalgeschützten Gebäude der zentralen Bibliothek.
Simulating heart rate kinetics during incremental and interval training
Authors: Zakynthinaki Maria S. 
Published: December 2016

Summary
Study aim: To apply a recently proposed dynamical systems model to simulate, for the first time, the heart rate (HR) response to exercise of time-dependent intensity.

Material and methods: The applied model is expressed in the form of two coupled ordinary differential equations, one giving the rate of change of HR and the other providing the time dependency of exercise intensity. According to the model, the HR is assumed to depend on time, velocity, lactate accumulation and the subject’s overall cardiovascular condition. For the purposes of the present work, training sessions were simulated, consisting of exponentially and step-wise increasing intensities, as well as interval training.

Results: Training sessions of exponentially and step-wise increasing velocity, as well as an interval training session, have been simulated. Successful simulations of the corresponding HR response were achieved.

Conclusions: The present work successfully demonstrates the model’s excellent performance in simulating the HR response to exercises of time-dependent intensity. The applied model has been shown to correctly simulate the heart rate response also during exercises of complicated intensity patterns, such as the interval training session. The study confirms the ability of the implemented mathematical model not only to simulate and predict heart rate kinetics for any given exercise intensities but also to provide important information regarding an individual’s cardiovascular condition. This is of vast importance, not only in the area of fitness and sport, where it can serve as a fundamental tool for the design of efficient training sessions, but also in the areas of cardiovascular health, prediction and rehabilitation.