bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shock Wave Therapy for Calcific Tendinitis of the Shoulder
Authors: Wang Ching-Jen , Yang Kuender D. , Wang Feng-Sheng , Chen Han-Hsiang , Wang Jun-Wen 
Published: July 2017

Background Shock wave therapy is a new modality that has shown efficacy in the treatment of various orthopaedic disorders. Purpose To determine the effectiveness, at 2- to 3-year follow-up, of shock wave therapy for calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. Study Design Prospective clinical study. Methods Thirty-seven patients (39 shoulders) with calcific shoulder tendinitis were treated with shock wave therapy (1000 impulses at 14 kV) and observed for 24 to 30 months. The control group, which underwent sham treatment with a dummy electrode, consisted of 6 patients (6 shoulders) with an average follow-up of 6 months. Evaluation included use of the 100-point Constant score system and shoulder radiographs. Results The overall results in the study group were 60.6% excellent (20 of 33 shoulders), 30.3% good (10), 3.0% fair (1), and 6.1% poor (2), and those of the control group were 16.7% fair (1 of 6 shoulders) and 83.3% poor (5). The symptom recurrence rate in the study group was 6.5%. Dissolution of calcium deposits was complete in 57.6% of the study group, partial in 15.1%, and unchanged in 27.3%. Fragmentation was seen in 16.7% of the control group patients; in 83.3% deposits were unchanged. No recurrence of calcium deposits was observed during the 2 years that the study group was followed. Conclusions Shock wave therapy is a safe and effective noninvasive treatment for patients with calcific tendinitis of the shoulder.
Assessment of Shoulder Proprioception in the Female Softball Athlete
Authors: Dover Geoffrey C. , Kaminski Thomas W. , Meister Keith , Powers Michael E. , Horodyski MaryBeth 
Published: July 2017

Background There have been reports of overhand throwing athletes having decreased joint position sense in their dominant shoulder as compared with the nondominant shoulder. Very little research, however, exists concerning joint position sense in the female athlete. Hypothesis Female softball athletes have decreased joint position sense in their dominant shoulder as compared with their nondominant shoulder. Study Design Factorial design with investigation of multiple independent variables. Methods Joint position sense was assessed in 50 female softball players and 50 nonthrowing female athletes by using an inclinometer during four glenohumeral joint motions. Both the dominant and nondominant shoulders were assessed and error scores were calculated to describe joint position sense. Data were collected during the course of a fall semester and analyzed by using a mixed model analysis of variance with repeated measures on the dependent variable (error scores). Results A significant group by movement interaction was observed, with the softball athletes demonstrating significantly greater external rotation error scores than the nonthrowing athletes. Conclusion We failed to reject the null hypothesis. Increased error scores (less joint position sense) were observed in both arms of subjects in the softball group. Clinical Relevance This study suggests that there is decreased shoulder proprioception in asymptomatic female athletes involved in overyhand throwing sports, which may predispose them to injury.
Injuries and Overuse Syndromes in Golf
Authors: Gosheger Georg , Liem Dennis , Ludwig Karl , Greshake Oliver , Winkelmann Winfried 
Published: July 2017

Background Although golf is becoming more popular, there is a lack of reliable epidemiologic data on golf injuries and overuse syndromes, especially regarding their severity. Objective To perform an epidemiologic study of the variety of different musculoskeletal problems in professional and amateur golfers and to find associations of age, sex, physical stature (body mass index), warm-up routine, and playing level with the occurrence of reported injuries. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods We analyzed the injury data from a total of 703 golfers who were randomly selected over two golfing seasons and interviewed with the use of a six-page questionnaire. Results Overall, 82.6% (N = 526) of reported injuries involved overuse and 17.4% (N = 111) were single trauma events. Professional golfers were injured more often, typically in the back, wrist, and shoulder. Amateurs reported many elbow, back, and shoulder injuries. Severity of reported injuries was minor in 51.5%, moderate in 26.8%, and major in 21.7% of cases. Carrying one's bag proved to be hazardous to the lower back, shoulder, and ankle. Warm-up routines were found to have a positive effect if they were at least 10 minutes long. Conclusions Overall, golf may be considered a rather benign activity, if overuse can be avoided. If not, golf can result in serious, chronic musculoskeletal problems.
Fractures of Osteochondroma during Physical Exercise
Authors: Carpintero Pedro , León Francisco , Zafra Manuel , Montero Manuel , Berral Francisco-Jose 
Published: July 2017

Background: The mechanism responsible and the best form of treatment for fractures of osteochondromas remain unclear. Purpose: We studied the incidence, cause, treatment, and outcome of fractures of osteochondroma over a 17-year period. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of osteochondroma at one institution over 17 years (1985 to 2002) to identify cases of fractures. These patients were then contacted for follow-up. Results: Seven cases of fracture through the stalk of a pedunculated osteochondroma were identified. All fractures were sustained during physical exercise. One fracture was due to a direct blow, and the others to indirect muscle or tendon injury. Five patients were treated surgically with excision of the osteochondroma, and the other two received nonoperative treatment consisting of restriction of physical activity and observation. In all cases, patients were able to resume sporting activity within 4 to 8 weeks. The recovery period was shorter for patients who received surgical treatment. Conclusions: Surgical excision of the fractured osteochondroma may be preferable for patients engaging in sport.
The Posterolateral Attachments of the Knee
Authors: LaPrade Robert F. , Ly Thuan V. , Wentorf Fred A. , Engebretsen Lars 
Published: July 2017

Background: Quantitative descriptions of the attachment sites of the main posterolateral knee structures have not been performed. Purpose: To qualitatively and quantitatively determine the anatomic attachment sites of these structures and their relationships to pertinent bony landmarks. Study Type: Cadaveric study. Methods: Dissections were performed and measurements taken on 10 nonpaired fresh-frozen cadaveric knees. Results: The fibular collateral ligament had an average femoral attachment slightly proximal (1.4 mm) and posterior (3.1 mm) to the lateral epicondyle. Distally, it attached 8.2 mm posterior to the anterior aspect of the fibular head. The popliteus tendon had a constant broad-based femoral attachment at the most proximal and anterior fifth of the popliteal sulcus. The popliteus tendon attachment on the femur was always anterior to the fibular collateral ligament. The average distance between the femoral attachments of the popliteus tendon and fibular collateral ligament was 18.5 mm. The popliteofibular ligament had two divisions—anterior and posterior—in all cases. The average attachment of the posterior division was 1.6 mm distal to the posteromedial aspect of the tip of the fibular styloid process and the anterior division attached 2.8 mm distal to the anteromedial aspect of the tip of the fibular styloid process. Conclusions: These structures had a consistent attachment pattern. This information will prove useful in the study of anatomic repair and reconstruction of the posterolateral structures of the knee.
Evaluation of Recurring Meniscal Tears with Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Vives Michael J. , Homesley David , Ciccotti Michael G. , Schweitzer Mark E. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging has been shown to be of questionable accuracy in detecting recurrent meniscal tears after previous resection or repair. Purpose: To compare the accuracy of nonenhanced magnetic resonance imaging with that of intraarticular contrast-enhanced direct magnetic resonance arthrography and intravenous contrast-enhanced indirect magnetic resonance arthrography for detection of recurrent meniscal tears. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Forty-one patients who had previous meniscal tears treated by resection or repair but who were experiencing recurrent knee symptoms were prospectively randomized into one of three groups: conventional magnetic resonance imaging, indirect arthrography, and direct arthrography. The interpretations of two musculoskeletal radiologists were compared with the findings of an arthroscopic procedure performed 2 to 14 weeks later. Results: Conventional imaging had a sensitivity of 57.9%, specificity of 80%, and overall accuracy of 62.5%. Intravenous contrast improved the sensitivity to 90.9%, specificity to 100%, and overall accuracy to 93.8%; intraarticular contrast had a sensitivity of 91.7%, specificity of 100%, and an overall accuracy of 92.9%. Conclusions: We demonstrated an increased accuracy of intravenous or intraarticular contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance arthrography in detecting recurrent meniscal tears. Both contrast routes demonstrated similar accuracy, a finding not previously reported.
Factors Affecting Bone Loss in Female Endurance Athletes
Authors: Braam Lavienja A. J. L. M. , Knapen Marjo H. J. , Geusens Piet , Brouns Fred , Vermeer Cees 
Published: July 2017

Background: Low bone mass leading to stress fractures is a well-known and yet unsolved problem among female athletes. Purpose: To quantify the rate of bone loss in healthy female athletes and investigate the effects of estrogen and vitamin K supplementation on bone loss. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: We classified 115 female endurance athletes into amenorrheic, eumenorrheic, or estrogen-supplemented groups and randomized them to receive either placebo or vitamin K1. The bone mineral densities of the subjects' femoral neck and lumbar spine were measured at baseline and after 2 years. Results: Bone mineral density in the lumbar spine remained constant, but bone density in the femoral neck had decreased significantly after 2 years in all three subgroups. The decrease was higher in amenorrheic (—6.5% ± 4.0%) than in eumenorrheic (—3.2% ± 4.1%) and estrogen-supplemented athletes (—3.9% ± 3.1%). Supplementation with vitamin K did not affect the rate of bone loss. Conclusions: The rate of bone loss in all three subgroups of female athletes was unexpectedly high; neither estrogen nor vitamin K supplementation prevented bone loss. Clinical Relevance: High-intensity training maintained over several years must be regarded in women as a risk factor for osteoporosis, and protocols for optimal treatment should be developed.
Clinical Outcomes after Combined Meniscal Allograft Transplantation and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Sekiya Jon K. , Giffin J. Robert , Irrgang James J. , Fu Freddie H. , Harner Christopher D. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Concomitant meniscal transplantation performed at the time of ligament surgery may help to protect the anterior cruciate ligament graft. Purpose: To determine the objective and subjective clinical outcomes after combined anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and meniscal allograft transplantation. Study Design: Uncontrolled retrospective review. Methods: Twenty-eight patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction along with meniscal transplantation were retrospectively evaluated postoperatively at an average of 2.8 years (range, 1.8 to 5.6). Results: On the International Knee Documentation Committee overall subjective assessment, 86% had normal or nearly normal scores. The SF-36 physical and mental component summary scores were at higher levels than those of the patients' age- and sex-matched populations. Objectively, nearly 90% had normal or nearly normal Lachman and pivot shift test scores. The KT-1000 arthrometer testing at 30 pounds and maximum manual both demonstrated an average increased anterior translation of 1.5 mm compared with the contralateral knee. Joint space narrowing of the transplanted compartments was not significantly different from that of the contralateral knee. Conclusions: Meniscal transplantation with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can be a beneficial procedure in properly selected patients with either chronic anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency or failed anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Restoration of meniscal function may provide protection for the articular cartilage and improve joint stability.
Snowboarder's Talus Fractures Experimentally Produced by Eversion and Dorsiflexion
Authors: Funk James R. , Srinivasan Sreebala C. M. , Crandall Jeff R. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Fracture of the lateral process of the talus is an unusual injury that has received heightened attention in recent years because of its association with snowboarding. The diagnosis is often confused with that of lateral ankle sprain. If left untreated, it can cause long-term impairment, including osteoarthritis and subtalar joint degeneration. It is generally thought to result from dorsiflexion and inversion. However, few experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the injury mechanism. Hypothesis: Eversion of a dorsiflexed ankle is more likely to fracture the lateral process of the talus than inversion of a dorsiflexed ankle. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten cadaveric leg specimens were subjected to dynamic inversion or eversion of an axially loaded and dorsiflexed ankle. Results: Inversion failed to produce any fractures in three injured specimens. However, all six specimens subjected to eversion sustained a fracture of the lateral process of the talus. Conclusions: The incidence of fracture of the lateral process of the talus was significantly higher in the eversion group compared with the inversion group. Clinical Relevance: Eversion of an axially loaded and dorsiflexed ankle may be an important injury mechanism for fracture of the lateral process of the talus among snowboarders.
Risk Factors for Injury in High School Football Players
Authors: Turbeville Sean D. , Cowan Linda D. , Owen Willis L. , Asal Nabih R. , Anderson Mark A. 
Published: July 2017

Background Many studies have reported the frequency and types of injuries in high school football players. However, few have assessed the relationship between player characteristics and risk of injury. Purpose To describe the epidemiologic characteristics of and risk factors for injury in high school football players and to determine whether players’ characteristics could be used to predict subsequent injury. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods This study was part of a 2-year prospective investigation (1998 to 1999) of risk factors for injury in 717 (343 in the 1998 season and 374 in the 1999 season) high school football players in the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, School District. Player characteristics (playing experience, position, injury history) and physical parameters (body mass index, weight, height, grip strength) were measured at the beginning of each season. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether any of the baseline variables were associated with the odds of subsequent injury. Results The physical characteristics of players, such as body mass index and strength, were not associated with risk of injury. More playing experience and a history of injury in the previous season were significantly related to increased risk. Linemen were at the highest risk of injury, particularly knee injuries and season-ending injuries. Conclusions Future research should focus on decreasing the risk of injury to linemen.
Effects of Short-Term Cycling on Knee Joint Proprioception in Healthy Young Persons
Authors: Roberts David , Ageberg Eva , Andersson Gert , Fridén Thomas 
Published: July 2017

Background Criteria are needed for measuring the effects of exercise and fatigue on proprioception. Purpose To measure knee joint proprioception in healthy subjects before and after exercise and to establish a reference for further comparisons of patients with knee injuries. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods We tested proprioception in the knees of 24 healthy subjects with a mean age of 24 years and median Tegner score of 5. Subjects were tested to estimate their thresholds for detecting slow passive motion, from starting positions of 20° and 40° before and after cycling on an ergometer bicycle until the pulse rate reached a steady state level and they reached a score of 14 to 17 on Borg's Ratio of Perceived Exertion scale. Results After cycling, significantly higher threshold values were found for perception of movement toward flexion from both 20° and 40°. No significant differences were seen in measurements of movement toward extension. Conclusions Knee joint proprioception seems to be impaired by exercise or training. Clinical Relevance This impairment may lead to defective dynamic stabilization of the joint, leading to an increased risk of injuries.
The Role of a Posteriorly Positioned Fibula in Ankle Sprain
Authors: Eren Osman Tugrul , Kucukkaya Metin , Kabukcuoglu Yavuz , Kuzgun Unal 
Published: July 2017

Background Specific anatomic variations of the ankle mortise may predispose people to ankle sprains. Hypothesis There is a correlation between a higher malleolar index (posteriorly positioned fibula) and incidence of ankle sprain. Study Design Prospective case control study. Methods We compared the malleolar index (transverse plane of the talus) on computerized axial tomographic images of 61 patients with ankle sprain with that of 101 normal controls. A positive number for the malleolar index meant that the lateral malleolus was posterior to the plane of the medial malleolus. A negative number meant that the lateral malleolus was actually anterior to the plane of the medial malleolus. Results The average malleolar index of the patients with ankle sprain was +11.5° with a standard deviation of 7°. Malleolar relationships varied from —6° to +39°, a range of 45°. The average malleolar index in the control group was +5.85° with a standard deviation of 4.9°, which varied from —8° to +16°. However, there was no correlation between recurrence of sprains and malleolar index values. Conclusion Patients with an ankle sprain were more likely to have a posteriorly positioned fibula, possibly predisposing them to ankle sprain.
Developmental Trends in Information Processing and Reading: a Cross-Cultural Comparison
Authors: Williams David G. 
Published: July 2017

This study examines developmental trends in the information processing and reading skills of Native Indian (Tsimshian) children living on the north coast of B.C. and non-Native children from Prince Rupert. Developmental trends in the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children: Mental Processing, and in reading decoding and comprehension were examined for 225 children ages 8-12. Results of Canonical Analysis and ANOVA revealed significant relationships between group membership, Simultaneous and Sequential Processing subtests, and Reading subtests. Differences between the two Native Indian groups were statistically significant. Experiential background was seen as the major determinant of information processing ability and development of reading skills.
Strategies for World Peace: Peace Research and Peace Movements
Authors: Kumar Veena Ravi 
Published: July 2017

Peace is not an esoteric word. It has philosophical underpinnings and real world connotations. In a nuclear era with the latest, and manifest, conflicts which may end in total war, peace becomes a deceptively complex word. Peace Research and peace movements become dualities which are necessary strategies for world peace. As a scientific compilation of data and meaning methodology, they are a comparatively new phenomena but in terms of some kind of a movement have always been active. Even if only a protest by a minority it has been an ongoing phenomenon. Peace Research and eventually peace movements become part of a social consciousness that is important to achieve a political end—world peace. This paper spells out the meaning of Peace Research, its development and links with peace movements. Some peace movements in different parts of the world have been brought out merely to substantiate the peace research and its concepts. It is by no means exhaustive. A lot needs to be researched and brought out. But one main idea seems amply clear that the world system needs restructuring to absorb Peace Research and peace movements if only to rationalise it, make it viable for both study and activism. So also a change is needed among the “realist” thinking if only to achieve positive and developmental peace, i.e. peace combined with social justice.
Reversal of Erythema Multiforme Major with Cyclophosphamide and Prednisone
Authors: Eastham John H , Segal Jack L , Gómez Maria F , Cole Gary W , De Bittner Magaly Rodríguez , Richer Monique 
Published: July 2017

Objective To report a case of erythema multiforme (EM) major treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisone. Setting General medicine and dermatology consult services, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Case Summary A 44-year-old man with C4–C5 quadriplegia developed a skin reaction characterized by a painful, generalized maculopapular rash, bullae, ulceronecrotic lesions, and mucosal and epidermal sloughing after taking trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The patient was treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide 150 mg infused over 1 hour every 24 hours and oral prednisone 15 mg every 6 hours. After two doses of cyclophosphamide, formation of bullae and epidermal sloughing had ceased, and the erythema was markedly diminished. Cyclophosphamide was discontinued before the third dose because of evolving leukopenia. Prednisone therapy was continued until the patient was discharged on hospital day 5, at which time the dosage was tapered. Discussion Cyclophosphamide has been used extensively for other dermatologic reactions. Relief of pain and regression of the lesions in our patient occurred more quickly than anticipated. Conclusions Treatment of EM major with cyclophosphamide combined with prednisone appeared to be highly successful in this patient. Cyclophosphamide may be an effective, empiric initial treatment in reversing EM major.