bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residential Proximity to Major Roads, Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter, and Coronary Artery Calcium
Authors: Dorans Kirsten S. , Wilker Elissa H. , Li Wenyuan , Rice Mary B. , Ljungman Petter L. , Schwartz Joel , Coull Brent A. , Kloog Itai , Koutrakis Petros , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Massaro Joseph M. , Hoffmann Udo , O’Donnell Christopher J. , Mittleman Murray A. 
Published: June 2016

Objective—
Long-term exposure to traffic and particulate matter air pollution is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, potentially via atherosclerosis promotion. Prior research on associations of traffic and particulate matter with coronary artery calcium Agatston score (CAC), an atherosclerosis correlate, has yielded inconsistent findings. Given this background, we assessed whether residential proximity to major roadway or fine particulate matter were associated with CAC in a Northeastern US study.

Approach and Results—

We measured CAC ≤2 times from 2002 to 2005 and 2008 to 2011 among Framingham Offspring or Third-Generation Cohort participants. We assessed associations of residential distance to major roadway and residential fine particulate matter (2003 average; spatiotemporal model) with detectable CAC, using generalized estimating equation regression. We used linear mixed effects models to assess associations with log
e
(CAC). We also assessed associations with CAC progression. Models were adjusted for demographic variables, socioeconomic position markers, and time. Among 3399 participants, 51% had CAC measured twice. CAC was detectable in 47% of observations. At first scan, mean age was 52.2 years (standard deviation 11.7); 51% male. There were no consistent associations with detectable CAC, continuous CAC, or CAC progression. We observed heterogeneous associations of distance to major roadway with odds of detectable CAC by hypertensive status; interpretation of these findings is questionable.

Conclusions—
Our findings add to prior work and support evidence against strong associations of traffic or fine particulate matter with the presence, extent, or progression of CAC in a region with relatively low levels of and little variation in fine particulate matter.
Cadherin-11 Overexpression Induces Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Calcification in Mature Aortic Valves
Authors: Sung Derek C. , Bowen Caitlin J. , Vaidya Kiran A. , Zhou Jingjing , Chapurin Nikita , Recknagel Andrew , Zhou Bin , Chen Jonathan , Kotlikoff Michael , Butcher Jonathan T. 
Published: June 2016

Objective—
Calcific aortic valve (AoV) disease is a significant clinical problem for which the regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Enhanced cell–cell adhesion is a common mechanism of cellular aggregation, but its role in calcific lesion formation is not known. Cadherin-11 (Cad-11) has been associated with lesion formation in vitro, but its function during adult valve homeostasis and pathogenesis is not known. This study aims to elucidate the specific functions of Cad-11 and its downstream targets, RhoA and Sox9, in extracellular matrix remodeling and AoV calcification.

Approach and Results—

We conditionally overexpressed Cad-11 in murine heart valves using a novel double-transgenic
Nfatc1

Cre

;R26-Cad11

TglTg

mouse model. These mice developed hemodynamically significant aortic stenosis with prominent calcific lesions in the AoV leaflets. Cad-11 overexpression upregulated downstream targets, RhoA and Sox9, in the valve interstitial cells, causing calcification and extensive pathogenic extracellular matrix remodeling. AoV interstitial cells overexpressing Cad-11 in an osteogenic environment in vitro rapidly form calcific nodules analogous to in vivo lesions. Molecular analyses revealed upregulation of osteoblastic and myofibroblastic markers. Treatment with a Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor attenuated nodule formation, further supporting that Cad-11–driven calcification acts through the small GTPase RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase signaling pathway.

Conclusions—
This study identifies one of the underlying molecular mechanisms of heart valve calcification and demonstrates that overexpression of Cad-11 upregulates RhoA and Sox9 to induce calcification and extracellular matrix remodeling in adult AoV pathogenesis. The findings provide a potential molecular target for clinical treatment.
Self-Expanding Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Versus Surgical Valve Replacement in Patients at High Risk for Surgery
Authors: Little Stephen H. , Oh Jae K. , Gillam Linda , Sengupta Partho P. , Orsinelli David A. , Cavalcante João L. , Chang James D. , Adams David H. , Zorn George L. , Pollak Amy W. , Abdelmoneim Sahar S. , Reardon Michael J. , Qiao Hongyan , Popma Jeffrey J. 
Published: June 2016

Background—
The CoreValve US High-Risk Clinical Study compared clinical outcomes and serial echocardiographic findings in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with a self-expanding bioprosthesis or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR).

Methods and Results—

Eligible patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to TAVR with a self-expanding bioprosthesis or SAVR (N=747). Echocardiograms were obtained at baseline, discharge, 30 days, 6 months, and 1 year after the procedure and were analyzed at a central core laboratory. Compared with SAVR patients (N=357), TAVR patients (N=390) had a lower mean aortic valve gradient, larger valve area, and less patient–prosthesis mismatch (all
P
<0.001), but more paravalvular regurgitation at discharge, which decreased at 1 year. SAVR patients experienced significant right ventricular systolic dysfunction at discharge and 1 month with normal right ventricular function at 1 year. One-year all-cause mortality was 14.2% for TAVR and 19.1% for SAVR patients. Preimplantation aortic regurgitation ≥mild was associated with reduced mortality hazard for both the TAVR (hazard ratio 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.85;
P
=0.01) and the SAVR groups (hazard ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.32–0.87;
P
=0.01). Aortic regurgitation ≥mild after TAVR was associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.95, 95% confidence interval 1.08–3.53;
P
=0.03).

Conclusions—
In patients with severe aortic stenosis at increased surgical risk, TAVR was associated with better systolic valve performance, similar left ventricular remodeling, more paravalvular regurgitation, and less right ventricular systolic dysfunction compared with SAVR. Despite an overall mortality reduction for the TAVR group, ≥mild aortic valve regurgitation after TAVR was associated with an increased mortality hazard.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01240902.
Systematic Evaluation of the Cellular Innate Immune Response During the Process of Human Atherosclerosis
Authors: van Dijk Rogier A. , Rijs Kevin , Wezel Anouk , Hamming Jaap F. , Kolodgie Frank D. , Virmani Renu , Schaapherder Alexander F. , Lindeman Jan H. N. 
Published: June 2016

Background
The concept of innate immunity is well recognized within the spectrum of atherosclerosis, which is primarily dictated by macrophages. Although current insights to this process are largely based on murine models, there are fundamental differences in the atherosclerotic microenvironment and associated inflammatory response relative to humans. In this light, we characterized the cellular aspects of innate immune response in normal, nonprogressive, and progressive human atherosclerotic plaques.

Methods and Results

A systematic analysis of innate immune response was performed on 110 well‐characterized human perirenal aortic plaques with immunostaining for specific macrophage subtypes (M1 and M2 lineage) and their activation markers, neopterin and human leukocyte antigen–antigen D related (
HLA
‐
DR),
together with dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (
NK
) cells, mast cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils. Normal aortae were devoid of low‐density lipoprotein, macrophages, DCs,
NK
cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Early, atherosclerotic lesions exhibited heterogeneous populations of (
CD
68
+
) macrophages, whereby 25% were double positive “M1” (
CD
68
+
/ inducible nitric oxide synthase [
iNOS
]
+
/
CD
163
−
), 13% “M2” double positive (
CD
68
+
/
iNOS
−
/
CD
163
+
), and 17% triple positive for (M1)
iNOS
(M2)/
CD
163 and
CD
68, with the remaining (≈40%) only stained for
CD
68. Progressive fibroatheromatous lesions, including vulnerable plaques, showed increasing numbers of
NK
cells and fascin‐positive cells mainly localized to the media and adventitia whereas the M1/M2 ratio and level of macrophage activation (
HLA
‐
DR
and neopterin) remained unchanged. On the contrary, stabilized (fibrotic) plaques showed a marked reduction in macrophages and cell activation with a concomitant decrease in
NK
cells, DCs, and neutrophils.

Conclusions
Macrophage “M1” and “M2” subsets, together with fascin‐positive DCs, are strongly associated with progressive and vulnerable atherosclerotic disease of human aorta. The observations here support a more complex theory of macrophage heterogeneity than the existing paradigm predicated on murine data and further indicate the involvement of (poorly defined) macrophage subtypes or greater dynamic range of macrophage plasticity than previously considered.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Parietal Cortex Improves Approximate Numerical Averaging
Authors: Brezis Noam , Bronfman Zohar Z. , Jacoby Noa , Lavidor Michal , Usher Marius 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The parietal cortex has been implicated in a variety of numerosity and numerical cognition tasks and was proposed to encompass dedicated neural populations that are tuned for analogue magnitudes as well as for symbolic numerals. Nonetheless, it remains unknown whether the parietal cortex plays a role in approximate numerical averaging (rapid, yet coarse computation of numbers' mean)—a process that is fundamental to preference formation and decision-making. To causally investigate the role of the parietal cortex in numerical averaging, we have conducted a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) study, in which participants were presented with rapid sequences of numbers and asked to convey their intuitive estimation of each sequence's average. During the task, the participants underwent anodal (excitatory) tDCS (or sham), applied either on a parietal or a frontal region. We found that, although participants exhibit above-chance accuracy in estimating the average of numerical sequences, they did so with higher precision under parietal stimulation. In a second experiment, we have replicated this finding and confirmed that the effect is number-specific rather than domain-general or attentional. We present a neurocomputational model postulating population-coding underlying rapid numerical averaging to account for our findings. According to this model, stimulation of the parietal cortex elevates neural activity in number-tuned dedicated detectors, leading to increase in the system's signal-to-noise level and thus resulting in more precise estimations.
Rapid Parallel Attentional Selection Can Be Controlled by Shape and Alphanumerical Category
Authors: Jenkins Michael , Grubert Anna , Eimer Martin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Previous research has shown that when two color-defined target objects appear in rapid succession at different locations, attention is deployed independently and in parallel to both targets. This study investigated whether this rapid simultaneous attentional target selection mechanism can also be employed in tasks where targets are defined by a different visual feature (shape) or when alphanumerical category is the target selection attribute. Two displays that both contained a target and a nontarget object on opposite sides were presented successively, and the SOA between the two displays was 100, 50, 20, or 10 msec in different blocks. N2pc components were recorded to both targets as a temporal marker of their attentional selection. When observers searched for shape-defined targets (Experiment 1), N2pc components to the two targets were equal in size and overlapped in time when the SOA between the two displays was short, reflecting two parallel shape-guided target selection processes with their own independent time course. Essentially the same temporal pattern of N2pc components was observed when alphanumerical category was the target-defining attribute (Experiment 2), demonstrating that the rapid parallel attentional selection of multiple target objects is not restricted to situations where the deployment of attention can be guided by elementary visual features but that these processes can even be employed in category-based attentional selection tasks. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the cognitive and neural basis of top–down attentional control.
Neural and Behavioral Evidence for Infants' Sensitivity to the Trustworthiness of Faces
Authors: Jessen Sarah , Grossmann Tobias 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Face evaluation is a key aspect of face processing in humans, serving important functions in regulating social interactions. Adults and preschool children readily evaluate faces with respect to a person's trustworthiness and dominance. However, it is unclear whether face evaluation is mainly a product of extensive learning or a foundational building block of face perception already during infancy. We examined infants' sensitivity to facial signs of trustworthiness (Experiment 1) and dominance (Experiment 2) by measuring ERPs and looking behavior in response to faces that varied with respect to the two facial attributes. Results revealed that 7-month-old infants are sensitive to facial signs of trustworthiness but not dominance. This sensitivity was reflected in infants' behavioral preference and in the modulation of brain responses previously linked to emotion detection from faces. These findings provide first evidence that processing faces with respect to trustworthiness has its origins in infancy and shed light on the behavioral and neural correlates of this early emerging sensitivity.
Auditory and Visual Crossmodal Correspondences With Haptically Perceived Liquid Viscosity
Authors: Asad Jennah , Spiller Mary Jane , Jonas Clare 
Published: June 2016

Past research on crossmodal correspondences as they relate to tactile perception has largely been restricted to solid substances. We investigated the role of haptically explored liquid viscosity in crossmodal correspondences with visually presented luminance, saturation, roundedness, size, number and visual elevation, as well as pure-tone pitch and kiki–bouba-type letter strings. In Experiment 1, we presented two tactile and two visual or auditory stimuli simultaneously, and found significant inter-participant agreement () when pairing viscosity with luminance, saturation, roundedness, size, pitch and letter string type. To assess whether these crossmodal correspondences were relative or absolute, another 32 participants were presented, in Experiment 2, with two tactile stimuli but only one visual/auditory stimulus per trial. In this second experiment, we found that high viscosity was paired with low luminance, roundness, low saturation, and the bouba-type letter string, while low viscosity was paired with high pitch. However, the inverse associations (e.g. low viscosity with high luminance, high viscosity with low pitch) were not significant. These findings indicate that viscosity can be added to the list of dimensions that invoke crossmodal correspondences, and that the majority of crossmodal correspondences involving viscosity are absolute rather than relative, since they appear without explicit comparisons along the visual/auditory dimensions we measured.
Coprophilous Agaricales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from Brazil
Authors: MELO ROGER FAGNER RIBEIRO , CHIKOWSKI RENATA DOS SANTOS , MILLER ANDREW NICHOLAS , MAIA LEONOR COSTA 
Published: June 2016

During a survey of coprophilous fungi along a gradient through different vegetational areas in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, twelve species of dung inhabiting mushrooms were reported. Bolbitius demangei, Conocybe siliginea, Coprinellus angulatus, C. marculentus, Coprinopsis cothurnata, C. pseudoradiata, C. vermiculifer and Coprinus foetidellus are new records for Brazil. Descriptions and drawings are provided, along with an identification key to all Agaricales species recorded on dung in Brazil.
Assessing State-of-the-Art Capabilities for Probing the Atmospheric Boundary Layer: The XPIA Field Campaign
Authors: Lundquist Julie K. , Wilczak James M. , Ashton Ryan , Bianco Laura , Brewer W. Alan , Choukulkar Aditya , Clifton Andrew , Debnath Mithu , Delgado Ruben , Friedrich Katja , Gunter Scott , Hamidi Armita , Iungo Giacomo Valerio , Kaushik Aleya , Kosović Branko , Langan Patrick , Lass Adam , Lavin Evan , Lee Joseph C.-Y. , McCaffrey Katherine L. , Newsom Rob K. , Noone David C. , Oncley Steven P. , Quelet Paul T. , Sandberg Scott P. , Schroeder John L. , Shaw William J. , Sparling Lynn , Martin Clara St. , Pe Alexandra St. , Strobach Edward , Tay Ken , Vanderwende Brian J. , Weickmann Ann , Wolfe Daniel , Worsnop Rochelle 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
To assess current capabilities for measuring flow within the atmospheric boundary layer, including within wind farms, the U.S. Department of Energy sponsored the eXperimental Planetary boundary layer Instrumentation Assessment (XPIA) campaign at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in spring 2015. Herein, we summarize the XPIA field experiment, highlight novel measurement approaches, and quantify uncertainties associated with these measurement methods. Line-of-sight velocities measured by scanning lidars and radars exhibit close agreement with tower measurements, despite differences in measurement volumes. Virtual towers of wind measurements, from multiple lidars or radars, also agree well with tower and profiling lidar measurements. Estimates of winds over volumes from scanning lidars and radars are in close agreement, enabling the assessment of spatial variability. Strengths of the radar systems used here include high scan rates, large domain coverage, and availability during most precipitation events, but they struggle at times to provide data during periods with limited atmospheric scatterers. In contrast, for the deployment geometry tested here, the lidars have slower scan rates and less range but provide more data during nonprecipitating atmospheric conditions. Microwave radiometers provide temperature profiles with approximately the same uncertainty as radio acoustic sounding systems (RASS). Using a motion platform, we assess motion-compensation algorithms for lidars to be mounted on offshore platforms. Finally, we highlight cases for validation of mesoscale or large-eddy simulations, providing information on accessing the archived dataset. We conclude that modern remote sensing systems provide a generational improvement in observational capabilities, enabling the resolution of finescale processes critical to understanding inhomogeneous boundary layer flows.
Polarimetric Variability of Classic Supercell Storms as a Function of Environment
Authors: Van Den Broeke Matthew S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractClassic supercell storms occur in a generally well understood environment characterized by instability and vertical wind shear. Within this broadly favorable environment, large day-to-day variability in environmental parameters may lead to widely varying radar presentation of storms. Of interest here is whether specific storm structures exhibit repeatable characteristics in similar environments and whether radar presentation can be predicted with knowledge of environmental characteristics. Specifically, this paper focuses on (i) updraft characteristics inferred using differential reflectivity ZDR columns, (ii) characteristics of storm-relative inflow inferred using ZDR arcs, and (iii) areal extent and cyclicality of polarimetrically inferred hailfall at low levels. Variability of these radar features is compared among storms in similar environments and among a larger subset of storms across highly varying environments. The similarity of storms in similar and different environments is quantified, and tornadic and nontornadic storms are compared. Associations between inferred updraft, inflow, and hailfall characteristics and environmental variables are discussed. Storm features generally exhibit greater similarity among storms in similar environments than across environments, although exceptions occur. The results indicate that many radar features of classic supercells may be useful to learn about microphysical variability across environments.
Seasonal Responses of Indian Summer Monsoon to Dust Aerosols in the Middle East, India, and China
Authors: Jin Qinjian , Yang Zong-Liang , Wei Jiangfeng 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The seasonal responses of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) to dust aerosols in local (the Thar Desert) and remote (the Middle East and western China) regions are studied using the WRF Model coupled with online chemistry (WRF-Chem). Ensemble experiments are designed by perturbing model physical and chemical schemes to examine the uncertainties of model parameterizations. Model results show that the dust-induced increase in ISM total rainfall can be attributed to the remote dust in the Middle East, while the contributions from local and remote dust are very limited. Convective rainfall shows a spatially more homogeneous increase than stratiform rainfall, whose responses follow the topography. The magnitude of dust-induced increase in rainfall is comparable to that caused by anthropogenic aerosols. The Middle East dust aerosols tend to enhance the southwesterly monsoon flow, which can transport more water vapor to southern and northern India, while the anthropogenic aerosols tend to enhance the southeasterly monsoon flow, resulting in more water vapor and rainfall over northern India. Both dust and anthropogenic aerosol-induced rainfall responses can be attributed to their heating effect in the mid-to-upper troposphere, which enhances monsoon circulations. The heating effect of dust over the Iranian Plateau seems to play a bigger role than that over the Tibetan Plateau, while the heating of anthropogenic aerosols over the Tibetan Plateau is more important. Moreover, dust aerosols can decrease rainfall over the Arabian Sea through their indirect effect. This study addresses the relative roles of dust and anthropogenic aerosols in altering the ISM rainfall and provides insights into aerosol–ISM interactions.