bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesized economic evidence on the cost-effectiveness of screening familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Wang Mengying , Jiang Shan , Li Boyang , Parkinson Bonny , Lu Jiao , Tan Kai , Gu Yuanyuan , Li Shunping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a prevalent genetic disorder with global implications for severe cardiovascular diseases. Motivated by the growing recognition of the need for early diagnosis and treatment of FH to mitigate its severe consequences, alongside the gaps in understanding the economic implications and equity impacts of FH screening, this study aims to synthesize the economic evidence on the cost-effectiveness of FH screening and to analyze the impact of FH screening on health inequality.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review on the economic evaluations of FH screening and extracted information from the included studies using a pre-determined form for evidence synthesis. We synthesized the cost-effectiveness components involving the calculation of synthesized incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and net health benefit (NHB) of different FH screening strategies. Additionally, we applied an aggregate distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA) to assess the impact of FH screening on health inequality.

Results
Among the 19 studies included, over half utilized Markov models, and 84% concluded that FH screening was potentially cost-effective. Based on the synthesized evidence, cascade screening was likely to be cost-effective, with an ICER of $49,630 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). The ICER for universal screening was $20,860 per QALY as per evidence synthesis. The aggregate DCEA for six eligible studies presented that the incremental equally distributed equivalent health (EDEH) exceeded the NHB. The difference between EDEH and NHB across the six studies were 325, 137, 556, 36, 50, and 31 QALYs, respectively, with an average positive difference of 189 QALYs.

Conclusions
Our research offered valuable insights into the economic evaluations of FH screening strategies, highlighting significant heterogeneity in methods and outcomes across different contexts. Most studies indicated that FH screening is cost-effective and contributes to improving overall population health while potentially reducing health inequality. These findings offer implications that policies should promote the implementation of FH screening programs, particularly among younger population. Optimizing screening strategies based on economic evidence can help identify the most effective measures for improving health outcomes and maximizing cost-effectiveness.
Exploring the factors influencing the health-related quality of life in patients experiencing adverse drug reactions: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pavan Garapati , Kumar Manish , Murti Krishna , Dhingra Sameer , Ravichandiran V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess the factors influencing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients experiencing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) at a tertiary care public sector hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 18 months, and included both male and female patients aged 18 years and above. Patients who visited the outpatient and inpatient departments with complaints associated with ADRs were included in this study. HRQoL data were collected using the EuroQol—5 Dimension—5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire to assess five dimensions of health on a five-level scale. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify the potential determinants of HRQoL.

Results
A total of 316 patients were included in the study among these participants, of which 54% were female, and 65% were from rural areas. The majority (68%) of the patients had moderately severe ADRs, and 63% of the participants had an income < 2.5 lakh Indian rupees (3009 USD). The mean EQ-5D-5L and EuroQoL Visual Analog Scale (EQ VAS) scores of the study participants were 0.714 and 69.73, respectively. The variables ADR severity, income, and age showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in HRQoL.

Conclusion
This study provides insights into HRQoL among patients with ADRs and identifies the determinants of HRQoL. The findings of this study will contribute to improving patient-centered care and optimizing patient outcomes.
Advancements and challenges in gastric cancer: epidemiology, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Nishimuni Marina , Claro Laura Carolina Lopez , Braghiroli Maria Ignez Freitas Melro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGastric cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with a decreasing but still high number of cases. Although there have been improvements in treatment choices, the expected survival rates have not yet been achieved. In addition to the challenges associated with developing effective therapies, there is an urgent need to establish diagnostic and predictive biomarkers to guide treatment selection. Therefore, this review summarizes key aspects of gastric cancer, including its epidemiology, associated risk factors, and underlying pathogenesis. It also discusses the main biomarkers involved in this disease, such as PD-L1, HER − 2, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Claudin 18.2, FGFR2, and the current standard and targeted therapies. Molecular testing for these changes is gaining significance in the context of gastric cancer. By incorporating detailed biomarker analysis into clinical practice, we can provide more effective and personalized treatment options, ultimately improving clinical management and enhancing survival rates for gastric cancer patients.
Gout comorbidities: results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Jeong Hyemin , Chang Young-Soo , Jeon Chan Hong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Gout is associated with several comorbidities. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities in the Korean adult population with gout and investigated the association of gout with these comorbidities.

Methods
Data from 15,935 (weighted n = 39,049,167) participants aged 19 years and older in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2019 to 2021 were used for analysis. Weighted prevalence and odds ratios (OR) of comorbidities in individuals with gout were compared to a non-gout population.

Results
The weighted prevalence of gout was 2.1% (weighted n = 808,778). Among individuals with gout, 66.5% had metabolic syndrome, 54.9% had hypertension, 41.2% had hypercholesterolemia, 19.1% had diabetes, 13.5% had chronic kidney disease (CKD), 4.1% had myocardial infarction or angina, 3.8% had stroke, and 2.8% had rheumatoid arthritis (RA). After adjusting for socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics, gout was independently associated with the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (male OR = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5–2.8; female OR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.5–9.2), hypercholesterolemia (male OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4–2.5; female OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.3–7.5), CKD (male OR = 4.5, 95% CI: 2.7–7.3; female OR = 11.5, 95% CI: 4.1–32.1), and RA (male OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1–7.1; female OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.1–8.7) compared to the non-gout population.

Conclusions
Gout was associated with several comorbidities, including RA, in both males and females. These results suggest that the prevention and treatment of comorbidities at the individual level, carried out by clinicians, and knowledge of these comorbidities would help guide health policies for the Korean population.
Exhaustive computational studies on pyrimidine derivatives as GPR119 agonist for the development of compounds against NIDDM
Authors: Nema Priyanshu , Agarwal Shivangi , Kori Shivam Kumar , Kumar Ajay , Kashaw Varsha , Iyer Arun K. , Kashaw Sushil Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Type-2 Diabetes (T2DM) is a long-term medical disorder characterized by Insulin deficiency and high blood glucose levels. Among other medications to cure T2DM, the review of the literature found that various Pyrimidine derivatives act as an agonist for G-protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) was proposed to control blood glucose levels by enhancing the function of pancreatic Beta-cells and its mechanism of action with fewer adverse effects. In the present research work, In-silico investigations were carried out to investigate the potential of the Pyrimidine analog as an agonist to the protein target GPR119 receptor. We performed exhaustive molecular modeling and protein modeling methodologies such as homology modeling, and molecular docking along with various drug designing tools such as 3D-QSAR and Pharmacophore Mapping to ascertain the design of better GPR119 agonists.

Results
Based on in-depth computational studies, we designed new pyrimidine moiety and analyzed them for GPR119 receptor agonist and further explored the ADMET properties. Designed compounds were found to exhibit better-predicted activities as compared to reference compound.

Conclusions
The current research on pyrimidine derivatives, using molecular docking, 3D-QSAR and Pharmacophore mapping demonstrated that the obtained computational model has significant properties and the designed molecules and Dataset from this model, produced antidiabetic compound against the target GPR119 i.e., compound 1S, 1Z and 1D with the docking score of − 11.696, − 9.314 and − 8.721, respectively. The pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness studies revealed that these compounds may be the future candidates for the treatment of diabetes acting via the GPR119 agonist mechanism.
Weather or Not
Authors: Duffy Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article introduces the field of climate history and highlights its connections to agricultural history and other historical subdisciplines. It is designed for historians curious about past climates and climate change and how this information might inform their work. It defines climate history and historical climatology, surveys the state of climate historiography, and provides an overview of the field's research methods and challenges, emphasizing the varied, interdisciplinary nature of its sources. This methodological review exposes the value and limitations of natural archives such as tree rings (dendroclimatology), and it presents human records as a complementary and underutilized source of paleoclimatological data that historians are well positioned to develop. It demonstrates that climate history offers a useful and accessible lens for interpreting the past and contextualizing contemporary social and environmental issues. Finally, it encourages historians to actively consider the climate, and it provides suggestions and resources for getting started.
Introduction
Authors: Ron Ariel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Agricultural policy in the United States is made through a distinctive coalition of interests that come together every five years or so to craft the so-called farm bill. The core of this coalition is a tacit trade of subsidies for agricultural commodity growers in exchange for food and nutrition programs for the needy. How has this coalition proved so durable and adaptable over the years? Or has it, in fact, changed in fundamental ways? Will future policy that confronts agriculture's significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions take a different form? These questions motivate the forum's return to a venerable concept in agricultural history and social science: the “iron triangle,” which refers to a mutually supporting arrangement of legislators, bureaucrats, and special interests. This essay introduces and synthesizes contributors’ efforts to interrogate and apply the iron triangle concept, finding that it retains utility for understanding the challenges that will face a climate-oriented farm bill politics.
Research Note: The Association Between Parity and Odds of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementias Status
Authors: Zhang Yan , Fletcher Jason M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
While parity is a significant factor influencing parental health, its relationship with dementia remains underexplored. This research note advances the literature by conducting a well-powered analysis of associations between parity (i.e., number of children) and Alzheimer's disease and dementias (AD/D) status in large-scale population data. The data contain a large number of AD/D cases (37,228 women and 19,846 men), allowing a range (1–10) of parity associations to be estimated precisely. Using proxy (adult child's) reports of parental AD/D status, we find that both fathers and mothers with grand multiparity have decreased odds of AD/D status, and the effect sizes become larger as parity increases, with 30–40% reduction in AD/D status at parities above 7. The association is stronger for mothers than for fathers. This finding differs from much of the prior literature and likely suggests the impact of parity, as one of the important life course contexts, on people's cognitive function and risk of having AD/D. Finally, we include population projections that consider how large changes in parity distributions over time may contribute to small elevations in AD/D rates.
Entrenched Opportunity: Medicaid, Health Systems, and Solutions to Homelessness
Authors: Willison Charley E. , Unwala Naquia A. , Klasa Katarzyna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Context: As inequality grows, politically powerful health care institutions—namely Medicaid and health systems—are increasingly assuming social policy roles, particularly related to solutions to homelessness. Medicaid and health systems regularly interact with persons experiencing homelessness who are high users of emergency health services and who experience frequent loss of or inability to access Medicaid services because of homelessness. This research examines Medicaid and health system responses to homelessness, why they may work to address homelessness, and the mechanisms by which this occurs.
Methods: The authors collected primary data from Medicaid policies and the 100 largest health systems, along with national survey data from local homelessness policy systems, to assess scope and to measure mechanisms and factors influencing decision-making.
Findings: Nearly one third of states have Medicaid waivers targeting homelessness, and more than half of the 100 largest health systems have homelessness mitigation programs. Most Medicaid waivers use local homelessness policy structures as implementing entities. A plurality of health systems rationalizes program existence based on the failure of existing structures.
Conclusions: Entrenched health care institutions may bolster local homelessness policy governance mechanisms and policy efficacy. Reliance on health systems as alternative structures, and implementing entities in Medicaid waivers, may risk shifting homelessness policy governance and retrenchment of existing systems.
Immunity beyond Spheres
Authors: Sorace Christian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This essay is a critical exploration of Peter Sloterdijk's philosophy of spherology. It asks whether we can live apart from protective spheres, find new forms of being-in-common, and discover new forms of immunity in the wreckage of sphere-based existence. It argues that the relationality associated with the placenta—or afterbirth—is a source of immunity distinctive from the politics of birth, identity, and belonging. To show this, it turns to the appearances of the placenta in the thirteenth-century text The Secret History of the Mongols, which challenge the political authority and genealogical foundation for Chinggis Khan's sovereignty. The second half of the essay examines the persistence of spheres as infrastructures of survival at the end of the world and imagines ways of moving beyond them.
Relations beyond Colonial Borders
Authors: Brizuela Natalia , Esmeir Samera , Goldstein Alyosha , Schreiber Rebecca 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This section presents selected contributions to the workshop “Relations beyond Colonial Borders: Indigeneity, Racialization, Hospitality,” convened by the International Consortium of Critical Theory Programs at the Three Sisters Kitchen in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in April 2023. Natalia Brizuela, Samera Esmeir, Alyosha Goldstein, and Rebecca Schreiber brought together scholars, activists, poets, and artists whose work critically engages the modern border regime as a geopolitical technology indispensable to practices of colonial occupation and imperial management. The workshop focused on a number of key questions: How are we to think movement and inhabitation without reproducing the political and the legal frameworks that the modern border regime solidifies? Could it be that these irrepressible struggles, resistances, and worlds not only show the violence of borders but also illuminate what remains in their excess? How do Indigenous relational practices unsettle or otherwise challenge colonial border regimes? How does Indigeneity “travel” for those Indigenous peoples who have been displaced or who have chosen to live in places other than their historical homelands? How might the practices of people in the context of forced mobility, who aspire to cross a border to elsewhere or to return to their homes, be reflective of something other than the desire to settle in a land?
Neurosurgical Residency Training at Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, the Resident Perspective
Authors: Yearley Alexander G. , Altshuler Marcelle , Patel Ruchit V. , Rachlin Jacob R. , Mooney Michael A. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Department of Veteran's Affairs (VA) Medical Centers play a crucial role in training neurosurgery residents. Although previous studies have examined the impact of VA rotations from the attending perspective, the resident experience remains unexplored. We present a national survey of neurosurgery residents to assess their perceptions of VA rotations, focusing on operative experience, call burden, longitudinal patient care experiences, and overall strengths and limitations.

METHODS:
A 33-question survey was distributed by email to all neurosurgery residents who had previously completed a VA rotation within the past 7 years.

RESULTS:
Responses were received from 77 residents, representing 36 out of 40 neurosurgical residency programs with an active VA rotation. Most residents (79.2%) found their VA rotations adequate in length, having spent a median of 5 months at the VA. Residents completed an average of 11.7 (SD 7.2) cases per month while at the VA, including 8.9 (SD 5.5) spine, 1.7 (SD 2.0) cranial, and 1.4 (SD 1.6) peripheral nerve cases. Many residents reported completing a greater proportion of spine and peripheral nerve cases at the VA compared with their primary clinical sites. Across all postgraduate years, residents felt that the VA offered increased operative autonomy (79.0% agreement) at the expense of total operative volume (98.7% agreement) and complexity (81.9% agreement). Importantly, 94.8% of residents participated in longitudinal patient care experiences, and 59.7% followed all patients longitudinally.

CONCLUSION:
The resident experience at the VA varies, presenting both strengths and limitations. Addressing these factors could enhance the overall effectiveness of VA rotations in neurosurgical training programs in the future.
Investigation of calpastatin (CAST) gene polymorphism in Norduz sheep by PCR-RFLP method
Authors: Yilmaz O , Çak B , Demirel AF 
Published: September 2024

The objective of this research was to determine polymorphism in the calpastatin (CAST) gene in a group of 102 Norduz sheep. Polymorphism was identified using the PCR-RFLP technique. The amplified PCR product with the length of 622 bp was digested with restriction enzymes MspI. It was found that the M and N alleles were present in CAST/MspI locus, their frequency being 78.43 and 21.57%, respectively. Homozygous for the M allele (MM) produced two bands of 336 and 286 bp. Three bands of sizes 622, 336 and 286 bp were seen in case of heterozygous genotype (MN), and homozygous for the N allele (NN) showed a 622 bp band only. The frequencies of homozygous MM, heterozygous MN and homozygous NN genotype were 64.7, 27.5 and 7.8%, respectively. The genotype frequency distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. In conclusion, the current study is the first study on genotyping of the CAST gene in Norduz sheep. The CAST gene was polymorphic in Norduz sheep. In the CAST gene, the predominant allele in the population was M, with a frequency of 78.43%. The MM and MN genotypes represented 92.2% of the genotype frequencies. The MM genotype was the most common, and NN genotype had the lowest genotype frequency. These results also indicate that in order to be used the polymorphism in the exon 1C/1D region of the CAST gene as a biomarker in Norduz sheep, primarily, association studies with economic traits should be performed.
Determination of the effect of Hypericum perforatum oil supplementation on silage quality in ruminant feeding
Authors: Arslan Duru A 
Published: September 2024

This study evaluated the effect of Hypericum perforatum oil (HPO) on chemical composition, fermentation traits and metabolic energy, in vitro organic matter digestibility, and net energy lactation of Hungarian vetch-wheat silages. The treatments were: (i) control (No HPO), (ii) 20 mg/kg HPO, (iii) 40 mg/kg HPO, (iv) 80 mg/kg HPO and (v) 160 mg/kg HPO in Hungarian vetch-wheat silages. After 75 days of ensiling, dry matter, NDF and ADF were increased by adding 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg Hypericum perforatum oil to Hungarian vetch-wheat silage (p<0.01). However, there was no significant in the content of silage in lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, metabolic energy, in vitro organic matter digestibility, and net energy lactation (p>0.05). Butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen were not found in the experiment silages. Finally, it was concluded that the addition of 20 mg/kg Hypericum perforatum oil may have a positive effect on the quality of Hungarian vetch-wheat silages.
Effect of PITX2 gene polymorphism on growth traits in Awassi ewes
Authors: Bayraktar M , Alkhammas A , Mohammed T 
Published: September 2024

Genetics and environment influence quantitative traits. Several genes contribute to sheep's productive traits, including the paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2). Therefore, the research investigated whether productive traits of Awassi ewes are associated with birth type and PITX2 gene variability. Two hundred and thirty-two ewes aged three to four years were studied (123 singleton ewes and 109 twin ewes). Phenotypic analysis was conducted by measuring body weight and body dimensions. Sheep genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to genotyping and sequencing to confirm the presence of variants derived from amplification of exon 5 of PITX2. A 382-bp amplicon displayed three genotypes, CC, CT, and TT. A comparison of PITX2 genotypes and birth types with productive traits showed that CC-type ewes had significantly heavier live body weights, birth weight, and higher body dimensions compared to CT-type and TT-type ewes. The CC genotypes were recorded strongly positive correlation with birth type, live body weight, height at back, width at shoulder, width at pelvic, chest width, and abdomen width ((r=0.81, P=0.02), (r=0.77, P=0.04), (r=0.97, P=0.02), (r=0.98, P=0.02), (r=0.96, P=0.03), (r=0.92, P=0.03), and (r=0.98, P=0.01) respectively. Sheep of the CC genotype had higher live body weights and body measurements, making them more productive. These findings provide valuable insight into the characteristics and functions of the PITX2 gene for the future of sheep breeding.