bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone and Chronic Kidney Disease in Elderly Adults in Taipei City
Authors: Chuang Mei‐hsing , Liao Kuo‐Meng , Hung Yao‐Min , Wang Paul Yung‐Pou , Chou Yi‐Chang , Chou Pesus 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo examine whether older people with abnormal thyroid function are more likely to develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) over a 5‐year follow‐up period.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingHealth examination data from the Taipei Databank for Public Health Analysis.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older (N = 41,454).MeasurementsThyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were repeatedly measured, and subjects were categorized into four thyroid function groups (hyperthyroid, euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, overt hypothyroid). The risk of incident CKD was evaluated using a stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for sex, baseline age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, anemia, obesity, liver function, smoking, and alcohol.ResultsHigher TSH levels were associated with greater risk of subsequent CKD. Individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–1.26) and those with overt hypothyroidism (HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.04–1.55) were more likely than those who were euthyroid to have CKD. Women were more likely to have CKD than men (HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.06–1.16). When stratified by gender, subclinical hypothyroidism in women was associated with an increased risk of developing CKD (HR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.08–1.39). When stratified by DM, subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism were associated with an increased risk of developing CKD in nondiabetics (HR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.07–1.31; and HR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.08–1.65, respectively).ConclusionThis cohort study of elderly persons in Taipei City found a significant association between hypothyroidism and development of CKD in women and individuals without DM.
Inflammatory Biomarkers and Cognitive Decline: The Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study
Authors: Sharma Monisha , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Arnold Alice M. , Chi Gloria , Lopez Oscar L. , Jenny Nancy S. , DeKosky Steven T. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the association between inflammatory biomarkers and global cognitive function.DesignCase‐cohort.SettingGinkgo Evaluation of Memory Study.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 75 and older free of neurological or neurodegenerative conditions recruited from 2000 to 2002 (N = 1,315).MeasurementsOutcome was cognitive function assessed using the modified Mini‐Mental State Examination (3MSE) every 6 months for up to 7 years. Exposures were 10 biomarkers measured at baseline: interleukin‐2, ‐6, and ‐10 (general systemic inflammation); pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and serum amyloid P (SAP) (vascular inflammation); plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1, adiponectin, and resistin (metabolic function); receptor for advanced glycation endproduct (oxidative stress); and endothelin‐1 (endothelial function). Associations between biomarkers and 3MSE scores (stratified according to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline) were analyzed using Cox regression (outcome: 3MSE decline of ≥5 points) and mixed‐model regression. Bonferroni correction was used to determine significance threshold (P < .0025).ResultsIn individuals with baseline MCI, PTX3 was associated with a 20% greater hazard of cognitive decline (95% confidence interval = 1.07–1.35), although this association was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for apolipoprotein (APO)E ε4 allele. Adiponectin was associated with faster rate of 3MSE decline in individuals without baseline MCI in mixed‐model regression, but the association was similarly attenuated after adjustment for APOE‐ε4.ConclusionThis study did not find strong evidence of the utility of the biomarkers evaluated for identifying individuals at risk of cognitive decline. Future studies investigating the association between PTX3, SAP, and adiponectin and 3MSE scores may be useful.
Effects of Different Levels of Caregiver Training on Oral Hygiene After Stroke
Authors: Yu Pulin , Fu Qiya , Shi Jing , Tao Wei , Pang Hongxia , Chen Xiangqiong , Liu Xiang 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of caregiver training on poststroke oral hygiene and to identify appropriate structures for training programs.DesignSingle‐blind prospective cohort study.SettingHaikou, China.ParticipantsIndividuals in home care who have had a stroke (N = 150) and their caregivers (N = 150). Eligibility criteria were stable condition, no recent use of antibiotics or periodontal therapy, presence of Ramfjord teeth or neighboring substitutes, and satisfactory Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Burke Water Swallow Test scores.InterventionLimited (LOHI) or comprehensive (COHI) oral hygiene instructions.MeasurementsPlaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) scores (ranging from 0 to 3 for both).ResultsTwenty care recipients and their caregivers dropped out during the study. In the care recipient groups, PI and GI scores in the COHI group were lower than in the control and LOHI groups at the end of the second and third month (P < .001). Decline in PI and GI scores in the COHI group started from the first month (P < .001). In the caregiver groups, GI and PI scores in the COHI group were lower than in the control and LOHI groups after baseline (P < .001). Decline in PI and GI scores in the COHI group started from the second month (P < .001), although no group achieved clinically satisfactory levels. Multiple regression analysis revealed that care recipients' PI was correlated with caregivers' PI, number of sessions, and group allocation, as was care recipients' GI with caregivers' GI, number of sessions, and group allocation.ConclusionAdditional assessment of program components is necessary to produce clinically significant outcomes. Caregiver PI and GI scores may serve as objective measures of their oral hygiene skills, which can be improved with comprehensive instructions.
What Constitutes Normal Hemoglobin Concentrations in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults?
Authors: Wu Chen‐Yi , Hu Hsiao‐Yun , Chou Yiing‐Jenq , Huang Nicole , Chou Yi‐Chang , Li Chung‐Pin 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo assess the relationship between hemoglobin concentration and cause‐specific mortality.DesignCohort study.SettingData from the government‐sponsored Annual Geriatric Health Examination Program.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling Taipei citizens aged 65 and older followed up between 2006 and 2010 (N = 77,532).MeasurementsMortality was determined by matching participants’ medical records with national death files. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin concentration (World Health Organization (WHO)‐defined anemia and 7 hemoglobin concentrations) and cause‐specific mortality.ResultsThe mortality risk of WHO‐defined anemia increased substantially in both sexes for all‐cause and cancer mortalities (men, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.71–2.02 for all‐cause mortality; HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.69–2.22 for cancer mortality; for women, HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.43–1.86 for all‐cause mortality; HR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.38–2.19 for cancer mortality). Men with hemoglobin concentrations of 15.0 to 15.9 g/dL and women with hemoglobin concentrations of 13.0 to 13.9 g/dL had the lowest risks of all‐cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Risks of all‐cause and cancer mortality increased significantly when hemoglobin concentrations were less than 14 g/dL in men and less than 12 g/dL in women. Even mild anemia (11.0–11.9 g/dL) was associated with greater mortality risk. Stratification according to age, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and presence of comorbidities did not lead to any substantial changes.ConclusionHemoglobin concentrations associated with optimal survival in older adults were identified and additional data provided regarding the relationship between hemoglobin concentrations and cause‐specific mortality risks in older adults.
Overexpression of INCREASED CAMBIAL ACTIVITY, a putative methyltransferase, increases cambial activity and plant growth
Authors: Kim Hyunsook , Kojima Mikiko , Choi Daeseok , Park Soyoung , Matsui Minami , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Hwang Ildoo 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTCambial activity is a prerequisite for secondary growth in plants; however, regulatory factors controlling the activity of the secondary meristem in radial growth remain elusive. Here, we identified INCREASED CAMBIAL ACTIVITY (ICA), a gene encoding a putative pectin methyltransferase, which could function as a modulator for the meristematic activity of fascicular and interfascicular cambium in Arabidopsis. An overexpressing transgenic line, 35S::ICA, showed accelerated stem elongation and radial thickening, resulting in increased accumulation of biomass, and increased levels of cytokinins (CKs) and gibberellins (GAs). Expression of genes encoding pectin methylesterases involved in pectin modification together with pectin methyltransferases was highly induced in 35S::ICA, which might contribute to an increase of methanol emission as a byproduct in 35S::ICA. Methanol treatment induced the expression of GA‐ or CK‐responsive genes and stimulated plant growth. Overall, we propose that ectopic expression of ICA increases cambial activity by regulating CK and GA homeostasis, and methanol emission, eventually leading to stem elongation and radial growth in the inflorescence stem.
LAP proteins are localized at the post‐synaptic membrane of neuromuscular junctions and appear to modulate synaptic morphology and transmission
Authors: Kravic Bojana , Huraskin Danyil , Frick Alexander D. , Jung Jasmin , Redai Veronika , Palmisano Ralf , Marchetto Sylvie , Borg Jean‐Paul , Mei Lin , Hashemolhosseini Said 
Published: June 2016

AbstractErbin, Lano, Scribble, and Densin‐180 belong to LAP (leucine‐rich repeats and PDZ domain) adaptor proteins involved in cell signaling pathways. Previously, we identified Erbin, Lano, and Scribble, but not Densin‐180, in muscle cells, where they are involved in regulating the aggregation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in vitro. Here, we analyzed their cellular localization at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in skeletal muscles of mice. Erbin, Lano, and Scribble were significantly accumulated at NMJs and localized in different synaptic cells. Moreover, we used mouse mutants to analyze the role of Erbin at the NMJ. We used two Erbin mutant mouse strains that either completely lack Erbin protein (Erbinnull/null) or express a truncated Erbin mutant where the carboxy‐terminal PDZ domain is replaced by β‐galactosidase (ErbinΔC/ΔC) thereby abolishing its interaction with ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases. Neither the lack of the PDZ domain of Erbin, nor its complete absence interfered with the general localization of LAP proteins at NMJs, but Lano and Scribble transcript levels were up‐regulated in homozygous Erbin‐null muscles. Furthermore, grip strength was reduced and neural transmission impaired in homozygous aged Erbin‐null but not Erbin‐ΔC mice. Erbin‐null skeletal muscles did not reveal any conspicuous impairment of the muscle fiber. Localization of other NMJ marker proteins was not affected either. Quantitative 3D morphometry showed that NMJs of Erbin‐null muscles were significantly smaller and fragmented in the soleus. We speculate that Erbin, Lano, and Scribble act at the post‐synaptic membrane of NMJs in a concerted fashion to regulate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors cluster morphology and neural transmission.
image
Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13340.
Molecular mode of action of CGS 9895 at α1β2γ2GABAA receptors
Authors: Maldifassi Maria C. , Baur Roland , Sigel Erwin 
Published: June 2016

Abstractγ‐aminobutyric type A (GABAA) receptors are the main inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the brain and are targets for numerous clinically important drugs such as benzodiazepines, anxiolytics, and anesthetics. Previously, pyrazoloquinoline 2‐p‐methoxyphenylpyrazolo [4,3‐c] quinolin‐3(5H)‐one (CGS 9895) was described as a positive allosteric modulator acting through the α+/β− interface in the extracellular domain of GABAA receptors. The localization of the binding site was based on a steric hindrance approach, rather than on direct effects of point mutations. In this study we further characterized modulation by this compound which seems to have multiple sites of action. We investigated GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using voltage‐clamp electrophysiology. We have identified the α1Y209 residue at the α+/β− interface as a key residue for CGS 9895 modulation. In addition, the interaction between this residue and various structural analogs was characterized, allowing tentative positioning of CGS 9895 versus α1Y209 (rat sequence). Not all compounds were found to be sensitive to mutations at the α1Y209 residue. In addition, the interaction of CGS 9895 with flurazepam was characterized. Flurazepam is hypothesized to act at the same subunit interface in the extracellular domain. We also provide evidence that the GABAA receptor harbors additional modulatory sites for CGS 9895 at each of the subunit interfaces in the transmembrane domain.
image
GABAA receptors are the main inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the brain and are targets for numerous clinically important drugs such as benzodiazepines, anxiolytics and anesthetics. We have identified the α1 Y209 residue present at the extracellular α+/β− subunit interface as a key residue for the positive allosteric modulation of the GABAA receptor by CGS 9895. This receptor harbors additional modulatory sites for this compound at subunit interfaces in the transmembrane domain.
The role of antimullerian hormone in the hormonal workup of women with persistent acne
Authors: Sardana Kabir , Singh Chanchal , Narang Isha , Bansal Shivani , Garg Vijay K 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundIn persistent female acne, PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) is a common finding. To diagnose PCOM (polycystic ovarian morphology), transvaginal – USG is required, which is not possible in virginal women. Also, hyperandrogenemia is not consistently reported.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to compare the hormonal profile of persistent acne patients with or without PCOS and to assess the role of AMH (antimullerian hormone) in persistent acne patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional retrospective study of persistent acne patients was undertaken and detailed hormonal assessment and USG was undertaken and patients were divided into two group, those with and without PCOS. The various clinical parameters, AMH and other hormonal levels were compared between the two groups of patients. The predictive value of serum AMH level was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsOf the 112 patients of persistent acne, 40 (34.7%) were described as PCOS. Mean menstrual cycle length, hirsutism, and PCOM (polycystic ovarian morphology) were significantly more in the PCOS group (P < .0001). AMH was significantly higher in the PCOS group of acne patients as compared to the group without PCOS (6.79 ± 2.79 vs. 2.69 ± 1.23, P < 0.001), and an AMH value of 3.6 ng/mL was predictive of PCOM. Apart from the SHBG levels which were low in both groups (normal range 34.3–147 nmol/L), no other hormonal level was deranged. The total testosterone levels were in the high‐normal range.ConclusionsAMH is a good tool to diagnose PCOM in persistent acne patients and can be used as a replacement for TV‐USG, although it does not correlate with hyperandrogenemia. Low SHBG levels were the most common finding in persistent acne patients and could explain the hyperandrogenism seen in patients.
Do dermatologists have cosmetic procedures?
Authors: Yildiz Hamza , Abuaf Ozlem Karabudak , Goker Kursat , Bulur Isil 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundCurrent approach and ideas of dermatologists about undergoing MICPs themselves are unknown.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to reveal current situation and thought of dermatologists about undergoing minimally invasive cosmetic procedures (MICPs) themselves.MethodsThis study was planned as a cross‐sectional, descriptive study and performed between December 2014 and July 2015. A questionnaire comprising 11 questions was sent to dermatologists via electronic mail.ResultsOf the 318 dermatologists, 233 (73.3%) were female and 85 (26.7%) were male. It was established that 56 percent (n = 178) of the dermatologists underwent MICPs. There was a statistical difference between the gender and having MICPs (female = 66.1% vs. male = 28.2%; P < 0.001). They selected dermatologists (91%) as a performer and private settings (67.2%). To be young and beautiful (77%), they had MICPs after medical residency (75.3%). Physicians' experience (66.9%) was the most important criterion. Of the dermatologists who did not have MICPs were planning to have MICPs (76.4%). The most frequent reason that stopped them from having MICPs was “not need yet” (62.1%).ConclusionThere are some tendencies among the dermatologists while selecting a physician for the procedures. They usually have MICPs after dermatology residency to seem younger and more beautiful by an experienced dermatologist in private setting. Male Turkish dermatologists have MICPs more frequently than the general population. Their satisfaction level with MICPs is very high. Most of dermatologists who do not have MICPs are planning to have MICPs.
Implementation of the Veder contact method in daily nursing home care for people with dementia: a process analysis according to the RE‐AIM framework
Authors: Boersma Petra , van Weert Julia C M , van Meijel Berno , Dröes Rose‐Marie 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo perform a process analysis of the implementation of the Veder contact method for gaining insight into factors that influence successful implementation.BackgroundResearch showed that the original Veder method, which is a ‘living‐room theatre performance’ provided by actors, positively influenced mood and quality of life of people with dementia. Training caregivers to execute such ‘performances’ and accomplish the same effects as actors proved difficult. However, key elements of the method were considered suitable for application in daily care, resulting in the development of a modified version of the method, named the Veder contact method. The Veder contact method combines elements from existing psychosocial interventions, e.g. reminiscence, validation and neuro‐linguistic‐programming with theatrical, poetic and musical communication, and applies this into daily care.DesignFor this process analysis a multiple case study design was used with the nursing home ward (n = 6) as the unit of analysis.MethodsEight focus groups with caregivers (n = 42) and 12 interviews with stakeholders were held. Using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance framework, a thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsThe reach of the intervention (43–86%) and aspects of implementation‐effectiveness (e.g. increased experienced reciprocity in contact with residents) facilitated implementation. For adoption and implementation, both facilitators (e.g. development of competences, feasibility of the Veder contact method without requiring extra time investment) and barriers (e.g. insufficient support of management, resistance of caregivers against the Veder contact method, organisational problems) were identified. Little effort was put into maintenance: only one nursing home developed a long‐term implementation strategy.ConclusionsThe Veder contact method can be applied in daily care without additional time investments. Although adopted by many caregivers, some were reluctant using the Veder contact method. Organisational factors (e.g. staffing and management changes, budget cuts) impeded long‐term implementation.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings from this study can be used for the development of successful implementation strategies for the Veder contact method and other person‐centred care methods.
Stressors and coping resources of Australian kidney transplant recipients related to medication taking: a qualitative study
Authors: Low Jac Kee , Crawford Kimberley , Manias Elizabeth , Williams Allison 
Published: June 2016

Aim and objectiveTo understand the stressors related to life post kidney transplantation, with a focus on medication adherence, and the coping resources people use to deal with these stressors.BackgroundAlthough kidney transplantation offers enhanced quality and years of life for patients, the management of a kidney transplant post surgery is a complex process.DesignA descriptive exploratory study.MethodParticipants were recruited from five kidney transplant units in Victoria, Australia. From March–May 2014, patients who had either maintained their kidney transplant for ≥8 months or had experienced a kidney graft loss due to medication nonadherence were interviewed. All audio‐recordings of interviews were transcribed verbatim and underwent Ritchie and Spencer's framework analysis.ResultsParticipants consisted of 15 men and 10 women aged 26–72 years old. All identified themes were categorised into: (1) Causes of distress and (2) Coping resources. Post kidney transplantation, causes of distress included the regimented routine necessary for graft maintenance, and the everlasting fear of potential graft rejection, contracting infections and developing cancer. Coping resources used to manage the stressors were first, a shift in perspective about how easy it was to manage a kidney transplant than to be dialysis‐dependent and second, receiving external help from fellow patients, family members and health care professionals in addition to using electronic reminders.ConclusionAn individual well‐equipped with coping resources is able to deal with stressors better. It is recommended that changes, such as providing regular reminders about the lifestyle benefits of kidney transplantation, creating opportunities for patients to share their experiences and promoting the usage of a reminder alarm to take medications, will reduce the stress of managing a kidney transplant.Relevance to clinical practiceUsing these findings to make informed changes to the usual care of a kidney transplant recipient is likely to result in better patient outcomes.