bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Globodera pallida RNA Extracted from Solanum Roots
Authors: Casavant N. Carol , Kuhl Joseph C. , Xiao Fangming , Caplan Allan B. , Dandurand Louise-Marie 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The introduction of high-throughput sequencing technologies has made transcriptome analyses of plant–pathogen interactions almost routine. Nevertheless, it is still challenging to obtain RNA from populations made up of two species. An RNA extraction method that worked well on free-living Caenorhabditis elegans failed when applied to isolated Globodera pallida J2 larva. Furthermore, alternative protocols that extracted RNA from free-living J2 larva produced less satisfactory results once the animals entered their hosts’ roots. We have compared several extraction procedures to ascertain whether a single protocol was capable of recovering high-quality, high-molecular-weight RNA from newly hatched J2 larva as well as from larva embedded in roots of both potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desiree) and a very distantly related species, Solanum sisymbriifolium. Although it was possible to recover large amounts of RNA from J2 larvae using Proteinase K treatments, this protocol failed to yield high-quality nematode RNA from infected roots. By comparison, mechanical disruption procedures yielded lower amounts of RNA from infected roots, but what was recovered was of higher quality. We conclude that different extraction protocols need to be developed to sample mixed populations of organisms.
Occurrence of Belonolaimus in Sinaloa, Northwestern Mexico: A New Report on Distribution and Host Range
Authors: Mundo-Ocampo Manuel , Baldwin J. G. , Pereira T. J. , Camacho-Baez J. R. , Armenta-Bojorquez A. D. , Camacho-Haro M. , Becker J. O. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The present study reports the occurrence of the genus Belonolaimus in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, associated with native plants (i.e., Ziziphus amole and Stenocereus alamosensis) in a natural coastal ecosystem. Both morphological and molecular approaches were employed to characterize the Sinaloa population. Notwithstanding of some morphological and morphometric variation between Belonolaimus from Sinaloa and other valid species, the characterization indicates that this population might belong to the Belonolaimus longicaudatus species complex. Molecular analyses based on the 28S gene and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) identified four major clades within Belonolaimus; however, none of the species including B. longicaudatus, B. gracilis, and B. euthychilus were supported as monophyletic; yet monophyly is argued to be a basic requirement of species status. Sequence divergence among different Belonolaimus populations and species varied according to the rRNA dataset (i.e., ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 . 28S . 18S) used, thus showing the importance of using genes with different rates of evolution to estimate species relationships. The fact that Belonolaimus has not been found in other cultivated (including on suitable hosts) areas in Sinaloa and that this population is relatively distant from the common B. longicaudatus groups (i.e., clades A and B) suggests that its appearance was not due to a recent introduction associated with the local agriculture.
Effects of Cover Crops on Pratylenchus penetrans and the Nematode Community in Carrot Production
Authors: Grabau Zane J. , Maung Zin Thu Zar , Noyes D. Corey , Baas Dean G. , Werling Benjamin P. , Brainard Daniel C. , Melakeberhan Haddish 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Cover cropping is a common practice in U.S. Midwest carrot production for soil conservation, and may affect soil ecology and plant-parasitic nematodes—to which carrots are very susceptible. This study assessed the impact of cover crops—oats (Avena sativa), radish (Raphanus sativus) cv. Defender, rape (Brassica napus) cv. Dwarf Essex, and a mixture of oats and radish—on plant- parasitic nematodes and soil ecology based on the nematode community in Michigan carrot production systems. Research was conducted at two field sites where cover crops were grown in Fall 2014 preceding Summer 2015 carrot production. At Site 1, rootlesion (Pratylenchus penetrans) and stunt (Tylenchorhynchus sp.) nematodes were present at low population densities (less than 25 nematodes/100 cm3 soil), but were not significantly affected (P . 0.05) by cover crops. At Site 2, P. penetrans population densities were increased (P # 0.05) by ‘Defender’ radish compared to other cover crops or fallow control during cover crop growth and midseason carrot production. At both sites, there were few short-term impacts of cover cropping on soil ecology based on the nematode community. At Site 1, only at carrot harvest, radish-oats mixture and ‘Dwarf Essex’ rape alone enriched the soil food web based on the enrichment index (P # 0.05) while rape and radish increased structure index values. At Site 2, bacterivore abundance was increased by oats or radish cover crops compared to control, but only during carrot production. In general, cover crops did not affect the nematode community until nearly a year after cover crop growth suggesting that changes in the soil community following cover cropping may be gradual.
Introduction to Nematode Genome and Transcriptome Announcements in the Journal of Nematology
Authors: Denver Dee R. , Ragsdale Erik J. , Thomas W. Kelley , Zasada Inga A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The Journal of Nematology now offers publication of Nematode Genome Announcements (NGA) and Nematode Transcriptome Announcements (NTA). These brief reports announce the sequencing and assembly of a nematode genome or transcriptome resource, along with basic technical information on DNA sequencing and bioinformatic methods used. This publishing initiative offers a new avenue to openly and concisely communicate the availability and relevance of genome and transcriptome sequence resources to the broader scientific community.
Diversity of Root-knot Nematodes Associated with Tubers of Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Established Using Isozyme Analysis and Mitochondrial DNA-based Identification
Authors: Kolombia Yao A. , Karssen Gerrit , Viaene Nicole , Kumar P. Lava , Sutter Nancy De , Joos Lisa , Coyne Danny L. , Bert Wim B 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., represent an important threat to yam (Dioscorea spp.) production in West Africa. With the aim to establish the diversity of RKN species affecting yam tubers, for control and resistance screening purposes, surveys were conducted in the main yam producing areas of Nigeria. Galled tubers (N = 48) were collected from farmers’ stores and markets in nine states in Nigeria and in one district in Ghana. RKN isolated from yam tubers were identified using enzyme phenotyping (esterase and malate dehydrogenase) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (Nad5) barcoding.
Examination of 48 populations revealed that yam tubers were infested by Meloidogyne incognita (69%), followed by M. javanica (13%), M. enterolobii (2%), and M. arenaria (2%). Most of the tubers sampled (86%) were infected by a single species, and multiple species of RKN were detected in 14% of the samples. Results of both identification methods revealed the same species, confirming their accuracy for the identification of these tropical RKN species. In addition to M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. enterolobii, we report for the first time M. arenaria infecting yam tubers in Nigeria. This finding extends the list of yam pests and calls for caution when developing practices for yam pest management.
Clinical Approach to Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Review of Human Studies
Authors: Tarquini Roberto , Pala Laura , Brancati Simona , Vannini Giulia , De Cosmo Salvatore , Mazzoccoli Gianluigi , Rotella Carlo Maria 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DC) has been defined as a distinct entity
characterized by the presence of diastolic or systolic cardiac dysfunction in a diabetic
patient in the absence of other causes for Cardiomyopathy, such as coronary artery disease
(CAD), hypertension (HTN), or valvular heart disease. Diabetes affects every organ
in the body and cardiovascular disease accounts for two-thirds of the mortality in the diabetic
population. Diabetes-related heart disease occurs in the form of coronary artery disease
(CAD), cardiac autonomic neuropathy or DC. The prevalence of cardiac failure is
high in the diabetic population and DC is a common, but underestimated cause of heart
failure in diabetes. The strong association between diabetes and heart failure has fueled
intense human and animal research aimed at identifying the mechanisms underlying diabetic
myocardial disease. Despite significant progress made, the precise pathogenesis of
diabetic Cardiomyopathy is yet to be clearly defined. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and
inflammation are thought to play key roles in the generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen
species which are in turn involved.

Methods:
We have reviewed the up-to-date scientific literature addressing these issues.

Results:
The myocardial interstitium undergoes alterations resulting in abnormal contractile
function noted in DC. In the early stages of the disease, diastolic dysfunction is the
only abnormality, but systolic dysfunction supervenes in the later stages with impaired
left ventricular ejection fraction. Transmitral Doppler echocardiography is usually used to
assess diastolic dysfunction, but tissue Doppler Imaging and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Imaging are being increasingly used for early detection of DC. Diabetic patients with microvascular
complications show the strongest association between diabetes and Cardiomyopathy,
an association that parallels the duration and severity of hyperglycemia.

Conclusion:
The management of DC involves improvement in lifestyle, control of glucose
and lipid abnormalities, together with treatment of hypertension and CAD, if present.
An Evaluation of The Syphilis Screening Program Among Pregnant Women In Gaborone Clinics, Botswana: A Five Year Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Ganiyu A.B. , Mason L. , Mabuza L.H. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Syphilis in pregnancy is a public health problem mainly in developing countries. If untreated, it can lead to pregnancy and fetal complications. Nation-wide screening at antenatal care is an important intervention for early detection and treatment to prevent complications.

Objective:
The aim was to evaluate the proportions and trends in the syphilis screening program of pregnant women who were attending the 15 public health care facilities in Gaborone Botswana during the period 2004 and 2008.

Method:
We conducted a cross-sectional study in the antenatal care facilities in Gaborone. Data was obtained from the antenatal registers from 7th to 25th September 2009 using a structured data collection sheet. We recorded the number of pregnant women registered for antenatal care, those screened and those not screened for syphilis. The SPSS 14.0 for windows software was used for data analysis.

Results:
The overall trends in the proportions of pregnant women screened for syphilis from 2004 to 2005 increased from 87.2% (95% CI, 86.4-88.0) to 89.7% (95% CI, 89.0-90.4), compared to the 2005 to 2006 estimates that showed a declined from 89.7% (95% CI, 89.0-90.4) to 79.0% (95% CI, 77.9-80.1). Seventy five percent of the clinics showed rising trends in the proportions of pregnant women screened for syphilis from 2004-2008.

Conclusion:
There were marked variations in the trends among pregnant women screened and those not screened for syphilis in the clinics around Gaborone. The overall trend was an increase screening coverage in the years 2004-2008. There is a need to investigate the factors associated with these variations.
Asupan Serat dan IMT Wanita Usia Subur Suku Madura di Kota Malang
Authors: Shanti Karina Muthia , Andarini Sri , Mutiyani Mira , Wirawan Nia Novita , Rahmawati Widya 
Published: July 2017

AbstrakKonsumsi serat dapat berdampak positif terhadap kesehatan, salah satunya dapat menurunkan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) melalui penurunan berat badan. IMT yang tinggi yaitu >23,0 kg/ m2 menunjukkan status gizi berada pada kondisi gizi lebih. Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) dengan kondisi gizi lebih dapat memberikan dampak pada siklus reproduksi wanita seperti infertilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan serat dengan IMT pada WUS suku Madura di Kecamatan Kedungkandang Kota Malang. Penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dilaksanakan pada sampel WUS usia 18-44 tahun suku Madura di Kecamatan Kedungkandang Kota Malang, selama Februari-Juni 2014. Sampel dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling hingga diperoleh sejumlah 91 responden. Pengukuran tinggi badan dan berat badan dilakukan untuk memperoleh data IMT, sedangkan data asupan serat diperoleh dengan metode weighed food record pada satu hari biasa dan satu hari akhir pekan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata asupan serat sebesar 7,16Â±3,13 g/ hari. Proporsi status gizi responden yaitu 6,6% gizi kurang, 28,6% normal, 30,8% overweight, dan 31,4% obesitas. Berdasarkan uji korelasi Pearson, diperoleh hubungan positif yang sangat lemah dan tidak signifikan antara asupan serat total dengan nilai IMT (p= 0,255 dan r= 0,121).Kata kunci: asupan serat, indeks massa tubuh, wanita usia subur, suku MaduraÂ AbstractDietary fiber intake can have a positive impact on health, one of which can reduce Body Mass Index (BMI) through weight loss. High BMI (>23.0 kg/m2) indicates overnutrition status. Overnutrition status on women of reproductive age (WRA) can impact the reproductive cycle such as infertility. This study aims to determine the correlation between total dietary fiber intake and BMI among Madurese women of reproductive age in Kedungkandang Malang. This observational research with cross sectional approach was conducted on Madurese women aged 18 to 44 years old in Kedungkandang Malang from February to June 2014. Samples were chosen by purposive sampling technique and obtained 91 respondents. Body height and weight measurements were performed to obtain BMI data, whereas fiber intake data were obtained using weighed food record method on a weekday and one day on weekend. The results showed an average fiber intake of 7.16 Â± 3.13 g/day. The nutritional status proportions of respondents were 6.6% malnutrition, 28.6% normal, 30.8% overweight, and 31.4% obesity. The Pearson correlation test showed a very weak and insignificant positive relationship between total fiber intake with BMI value (p=0.255 and r=0.121).Keywords: dietary fiber intake, body mass index, women of reproductive age, Madurese
PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN (BSA) DENGAN PUTIH TELUR DALAM PENGENCER DASAR Cep-2 TERHADAP KUALITAS SEMEN KAMBING BOER PADA SIMPAN DINGIN
Authors: Istanty Ayu Sulvi , Salim M Ade , Isnaini Nurul , Susilawati Trinil 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this research wasinvestigated the substitution effect of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) with albumen on CEP-2 diluent to semen quality of Boer goat that was stored at 3-50C. Research was conducted at Reproduction Laboratory and Field Laboratory SumberSekarDau Animal Husbandry Faculty of Brawijaya University from December 2016until January 2017. The materials used for this research were fresh semen from 3,5-4,5 years old Boer goat which was collected with artificial vagina. Semen diluent was divided into two groups, those were P0 (90% CEP-2 + 10% Egg Yolk) and P1 (90% CEP-2 (without BSA) + 0,4% albumen + 10% Egg Yolk). Data of the research were analyzed using paired design t test. The result showed that after eight days of chilled preservation, the sperm motility of P0 was not significantly different with P1 (P>0,05). The average percentage of motility during eight days preservation P0 was higher than P1. The viability between P0 and P1 showed highly significantly difference (P<0,01). The average percentage of viability during eight days preservation P0 was higher than P1. The abnormality between P0 and P1 showed highly significant difference (P<0,01). The average percentage of abnormality between eight dayspreservation P1 was higher than P0. Total motile sperms count after seven days chilled preservation was not significantly different with hope value 40 million motile sperm/ml. The conclusion of this research was the substitution of BSA with albumen could maintain Boer goat semen quality.Â Keywords : CEP-2, Bovine SerumAlbumin, Semen, Cryoprotectant
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK LENDIR SERVIK SEBELUM INSEMINASI BUATAN (IB) TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN KEBUNTINGAN SAPI KOMPOSIT
Authors: Irfan Irfan , Wahjuningsih Sri , Susilawati Trinil 
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of characteristics of cervical mucus before artificial insemination (AI) as conception rate (CR). The study materials were 112 composite cattle in estrus. Fifty five composite heifers and 57 composite cows. Samples of cervical mucus were examined for amount and consistency. The amount of the cervical mucus was studied based on its much, little and nothing of secretion the cervical mucus while the consistency was based on the thinness and thickness of the cervical mucus. The measurement of vaginal temperature was conducted by digital thermometer. The pregnancy diagnosis was performed at the 60th days post insemination. Data was analyzed by descriptive and Chi-square. Findings showed that the conception rates of composite cattle with thin, thick, and nothing secretion of cervical mucus were 66.67%, 68.00%, 35.71% on composite cows and 37.03%, 50.00%, 37.50% on composite heifers. The vaginal temperature with thin, thick, and nothing secretion of cervical mucus were 38.7Â±1.0 oC, 38.9Â±0.7 oC, 38.6Â±0.5 oC. It was concluded that characteristics of servical mucus before artificial insemination (AI) gave effect to conception rate. It was suggested that optimum time to artificial insemination (AI) of composite cattle was on thick and thin secretion of servical mucus.Â Keywords: Cervical mucus, vaginal temperature, artificial insemination (AI), composite cattle, conception rate (CR).
PENGARUH AIR KELAPA MERAH YANG MUDA DAN TUA SEBAGAI PENGENCER TERHADAP KUALITAS SEMEN KAMBING BOER SELAMA PENYIMPANAN DINGIN
Authors: Mugiyati Mugiyati , Isnaini Nurul , Salim Muhammad Ade , Susilawati Trinil 
Published: July 2017

The aim of this research was to know the effect of maturity of red coconut water as a diluent to the sperms quality of Boer goats during chilled preservation. The research was carried out at Laboratory Sumber Sekar Faculty of AnimalÂ Husbandry University of Brawijaya Malang, on 11st December 2016 until 31st January 2017. The method used in this research was laboratory experimental using Randomized Block Design with three treatments, P0 (Tris Aminomethane + 20% Egg Yolk), P1 (Young Red Coconut Water + 20% Egg Yolk) and P2 (Mature Red Coconut Water + 20% Egg Yolk) which each treatment using 10 repetitions. The observed variables include the percentage of motility, percentage of viability and percentage of abnormal spermatozoa during chilled preservation The results showed that on the 3ndday the percentage of motility of spermatozoa during chilled preservation gave a significant effect (P<0.05), while on viability gave a very significant effect (P<0.01), and on abnormality did not give a significant effect (P> 0.05). The highest of total motile spermatozoa was P0 (Tris Aminomethan + 20% Egg Yolk). P2 better than P1 on motility, but not on viability and abnormality. The conclusions was the maturity of red coconut water can improve motility, but can not improve viability and abnormality. The suggested was use Mature Red coconut water + 20% Egg Yolk as a diluentÂ and do further research on coconut water to be able to maintain spermatozoa longer.Keyword : Sperms, egg yolk, red coconut water, tris aminomethane
STUDI KASUS TINGKAT PEMOTONGAN KAMBING BERDASARKAN JENIS KELAMIN, KELOMPOK UMUR DAN BOBOT KARKAS DI TEMPAT PEMOTONGAN HEWAN KOTA MALANG
Authors: Wahyudi Eko , Ciptadi Gatot , Budiarto Agus 
Published: July 2017

The research was conducted at Malang goat slaughterhouse on November 10th to December 10th 2016. This study is to determine the number of goat slaughter based on sex, age group, and carcass weight. The material used as many as 128 goats. The method used is a case study. Data observed was presented in average value and standard deviation for being descriptive analysis. Results showed the slaughter rate of male goat reached 14.06% and females reached 85.94%. The slaughter rate of goat aged less than 1 year is 28.91%, age 1 - 1.5 years are 22.66%, age 1.5 - 2.5 years are 13.28%, 2.5 - 3.5 years old is 14.06% and age is 3.5 - 4 years 21.09%. The average carcass weight of male goat which less than 1 year - 4 years vary between 10.37Â±3.58 kg - 22.77Â±4.51 kg, and female goat carcass weight 10.9Â±2.21 kg - 19.63Â±4.32 kg. The conclusion of this research is that female goat slaughter at Malang goat slaughterhouse is very high reach 85.94% while the male slaughter is only 14.06%. The highest goat slaughter rate aged less than 1 year reached 28.91% consist male goat 4.69% and female 24.21%. Male and female goat carcasses percentage aged less than 1 year - 4 years varies between 48.32% - 50.34% and 48.55% - 49.31%. From this research, it is suggested to reduce female livestock slaughter and further research is needed on the level of productive doe slaughter in Malang slaughterhouse area.Â Keywords: Slaughter rate, Goat, Slaughterhouse
THE ANALYSIS ON THE CHLORINE CONTENTS IN RICE CIRCULATION IN PASAR BESAR OF MALANG AS THE BIOLOGICAL LEARNING RESOURCE
Authors: Rosita Dewi , Zaenab Siti , Budianto Moch. Agus Krisno 
Published: July 2017

This research aimed to investigate the chlorine contents in rice circulation in Pasar Besar of which findings were supposed to be applicable as Biological learning resource. This research was officially conducted at March 29 – April 6 2016 in Putra Indonesia Malang Laboratory. This research was of descriptively quantitative design since the main aim of this research was to describe the chlorine contents in rice. The sampling technique engaging regarding this research was purposive sampling with two repetitions in total. The sample of rice that was going to be analyzed was originally from Pasar Besar comprised 19 types (considering the brands), they were: Piala, Mentari, Padi Wangi, Bintang Biru, Rosita Super, Kancil, Bintang Mas, Bulan Mas, Puteri, Lombok, Maknyus, Apel, Manggis, Mangga, Cucak Rowo, Beras Padi, Raja Boga dan Monas. In addition, the methods accommodated in terms of testing the reaction included testing the color reaction test, testing the iodometric titration, and measuring the average percentage of chlorine contents in the whole sample. Moreover, this research revealed that the 19 types sample of rice taken from Pasar Besar is 0 % or negative of chlorine contents. Consequently, they were safe to consume.