bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sunflower, Linseed and Soybean Meal in Pig Diet on Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Profile of Meat and Backfat, and Its Oxidative Stability
Authors: Đorđević Vesna , Đorđević Jasna , Baltić Ž. Milan , Laudanović Milica , Teodorović Vlado , Bošković Marija , Peurača Mile , Marković Radmila 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of added sunflower, linseed or soybean meal to a standard pig fattening diet on the chemical composition, fatty acid profiles of meat and backfat, and on the oxidative stability of backfat from pigs. The content of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was significantly lower (P<0.01), while content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was significantly higher (P<0.01) in the diet with added linseed. The feeding study was conducted on 30 pigs, with groups of 10 pigs fed one of the three different diets for 46 days before slaughter. There were no differences in the chemical composition (protein, water, fat, minerals) of meat from pigs fed the different diets. The content of SFA and MUFA was significantly higher, while the average PUFA content was significantly lower (P<0.01) in meat and backfat of pigs fed diet with added linseed. The content of n-6 fatty acids was significantly lower and n-3 fatty acids significantly higher, with more desirable n-6/n-3 ratio, in meat and backfat of pigs fed diet with added linseed. Malondialdehyde in the backfat of pigs fed diet with added linseed was significantly lower than that in the other two diet groups after the tissue was stored frozen at −20°C for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.
Controllability criteria for time–delay fractional systems with a retarded state
Authors: Sikora Beata 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The paper is concerned with time-delay linear fractional systems with multiple delays in the state. A formula for the solution of the discussed systems is presented and derived using the Laplace transform. Definitions of relative controllability with and without constraints for linear fractional systems with delays in the state are formulated. Relative controllability, both with and without constraints imposed on control values, is discussed. Various types of necessary and sufficient conditions for relative controllability and relative U-controllability are established and proved. Numerical examples illustrate the obtained theoretical results.
Heating source localization in a reduced time
Authors: Beddiaf Sara , Autrique Laurent , Perez Laetitia , Jolly Jean-Claude 
Published: September 2016

AbstractInverse three-dimensional heat conduction problems devoted to heating source localization are ill posed. Identification can be performed using an iterative regularization method based on the conjugate gradient algorithm. Such a method is usually implemented off-line, taking into account observations (temperature measurements, for example). However, in a practical context, if the source has to be located as fast as possible (e.g., for diagnosis), the observation horizon has to be reduced. To this end, several configurations are detailed and effects of noisy observations are investigated.
On the Analysis of Multistep-Out-of-Grid Method for Celestial Mechanics Tasks
Authors: Olifer L. , Choliy V. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Occasionally, there is a necessity in high-accurate prediction of celestial body trajectory. The most common way to do that is to solve Kepler’s equation analytically or to use Runge-Kutta or Adams integrators to solve equation of motion numerically. For low-orbit satellites, there is a critical need in accounting geopotential and another forces which influence motion. As the result, the right side of equation of motion becomes much bigger, and classical integrators will not be quite effective. On the other hand, there is a multistep-out-of-grid (MOG) method which combines Runge-Kutta and Adams methods. The MOG method is based on using m on-grid values of the solution and n × m off-grid derivative estimations. Such method could provide stable integrators of maximum possible order, O (hm

+

mn

+

n−

1).
The main subject of this research was to implement and analyze the MOG method for solving satellite equation of motion with taking into account Earth geopotential model (ex. EGM2008 (Pavlis at al., 2008)) and with possibility to add other perturbations such as atmospheric drag or solar radiation pressure. Simulations were made for satellites on low orbit and with various eccentricities (from 0.1 to 0.9). Results of the MOG integrator were compared with results of Runge-Kutta and Adams integrators. It was shown that the MOG method has better accuracy than classical ones of the same order and less right-hand value estimations when is working on high orders. That gives it some advantage over ”classical” methods.
Board to Page to Board
Authors: Winkelman Philip M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The ways new games typically develop might be viewed as a continuum ranging from very gradual “evolution” based on mutations introduced to a single progenitor during play or recall, to sudden “intelligent design” based on a purposeful and original combination — or even invention — of ludemes independent of any particular lines of transmission.
This paper argues that two proprietary 20th-century games, C.A. Neves’s Fang den Hut! and Lizzie Magie’s The Landlord’s Game, were developed in a different way, a bit outside the typical continuum. It analyzes the games’ general typologies, and specific ludemes, concluding that both games are modern adaptations of traditional Native American games encountered, not through play or even contact with players, but through the seminal ethnographic publications of Stewart Culin. Specifically, Fang den Hut! derives from Boolik via Games of the North American Indians, and The Landlord’s Game derives from Zohn Ahl via Chess and Playing-Cards.
Solution to Urban Air Pollution – Carbon Free Transport
Authors: Kleperis Jānis , Sloka Biruta , Dimants Justs , Dimanta Ilze , Kleperis Jānis 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The analysis of the results of long-term air quality monitoring in Riga is presented, which shows that in city centre throughout the measurement time (2004-2014) according to the guidelines defined by the European Union directives and Latvian laws the limits of small particles PM10 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are exceeded. From the nature of appearance of pollution and from the research of morphology and composition of fine dust particles it was concluded that in the city centre where the monitoring was performed the main air pollutants are caused by internal combustion engine vehicles. The measures to reduce air pollution performed by two Action Programs (2004-2009; 2011-2015) of the City Council showed that there were only two possible ways to improve air quality in urban environment ‒ to decrease the number of traffic units and/or to decrease exhaust emissions from vehicles.
From the analysis of energy consumption and resources used for it the conclusion was drawn that Latvia is dependent on fossil fuel import, especially in traffic sector (99 %). A new trend has been observed in Latvia ‒ the type of cars is changing: the number of gasoline cars rapidly decreases and number of diesel cars is growing. Both fuels in exhaust gases of second-hand cars are giving high emissions of fine particles (soot) and nitrogen oxides as compared with new cars; 72 % of cars on the roads of Latvia are more than 13 years old. The switch to bio-diesel can improve Latvian statistics according to CO2 reduction target for 2020 but not the concentration of PM10 and NO2 on streets with dense traffic.
Therefore, to improve air quality in urban environment and simultaneously reduce the dependence of Latvia from fossil fuel import, a scenario is proposed for the changeover to zero-carbon technologies in transport and energy production. Hydrogen is analyzed from the point of view of availability of resources and commercialized technologies. The research of the public opinion was done because there is little awareness in society about hydrogen as energy carrier and simultaneously as fuel.
Admissions after discharge from an emergency department for chest symptoms
Authors: Moore Brian J. , Coffey Rosanna M. , Heslin Kevin C. , Moy Ernest 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background:
Often patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with chest symptoms return to the hospital within 30 days with the same or closely related symptoms and are admitted, raising questions about quality of care, timeliness of diagnosis, and patient safety. This study examined the frequency of and patient characteristics associated with subsequent inpatient admissions for related symptoms after discharge from an ED for chest symptoms.

Methods:
We used data from the 2012 and 2013 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Databases (SID) and State Emergency Department Databases (SEDD) from eight states to identify over 1.8 million ED discharges for chest symptoms.

Results:
Approximately 3% of ED discharges experienced potentially related subsequent admissions within 30 days – 0.2% for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 1.7% for other cardiovascular conditions, 0.5% for respiratory conditions, and 0.6% for mental disorders. Logistic regression results showed higher odds of subsequent admission for older patients and those residing in low-income areas, and lower odds for females and non White racial/ethnic groups. Privately insured patients had lower odds of subsequent admission than did those who were uninsured or covered by other programs.

Conclusions:
Because we included multiple diagnostic categories of subsequent admissions, our results show a more complete picture of patients presenting to the ED with chest symptoms compared with previous studies. In particular, we show a lower rate of subsequent admission for AMI versus other diagnoses. ED physicians and administrators can use the results to identify characteristics associated with increased odds of subsequent admission to target at-risk populations.
Impact of the Former Vineyard Land Use on the Productivity of Secondary Forest Herb Layer in the Little Carpathians (SW Slovakia)
Authors: Zima Lukáš , Kollár Jozef , Vykouková Ivana 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The Little Carpathians Mountains include a vineyard region with long tradition that dates back up to the Roman Empire period (and according to some opinions, even earlier). In the late 19th century, it was strongly impacted by the phylloxera epidemic, and the vineyard area has significantly reduced here. Large areas of the former vineyards are covered by forests, which mostly have formed spontaneously, but some of them were also planted. This contribution is focused on the impact of the former vineyard land use on the productivity (aboveground, belowground, and total biomass) of such forest herb layer. Research included also the forests, which occupy rocky mounds formed by rock gathering and their placement on the vineyard borders. There were sampled by following four stands, mostly differed by tree composition, origin, age, and succession stage: (i) up to 100 years old spontaneously formed thermophilous acidophilous oak forest on the former vineyard on the granite substrate, (ii) up to 100 years old spontaneously formed oak-dominated forest on the rocky (granite) mounds (borders between the former vineyards formed by rock gathering), (iii) 40–60 years old planted ash stands on the gneiss bedrock, and (iv) 40–60 years old planted ash-dominated stands on the rocky (gneiss) mounds. According to our results, the former land use modified original relief, where the former vineyards have modified soil profile and new relief forms rocky mounds were created. These mounds with no or just shallow soils are usually much less covered by vegetation, thus production of herb layer biomass is lower here than in the adjacent former vineyards. Moreover, rocky mounds show a higher ratio of synanthropic species and apophytes than the adjacent former vineyards, and same as for ratio of therophytes. The younger the stands on the former vineyards, the higher is the ratio of synanthropic species, apophytes, and therophytes. On the other hand, when estimating the production quantity, the values of herb layer production on the former vineyards are similar to those in natural oak-hornbeam forests found in the Little Carpathians Mts. and the adjacent regions, except for the rocky mounds covered by old oak forests, which are less productive. In other words, the former vineyard land use affects the herb layer production quality rather than quantity.
Solution to a class of inverse problems for a system of loaded ordinary differential equations with integral conditions
Authors: Aida-zade Kamil R. , Abdullayev Vagif M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This work is dedicated to the numerical solution of a class of
parametric identification problems for dynamic objects. The process is described by a system of loaded ordinary differential equations. Observations over the object have integral (interval) and point characters, at which the results of the observations are given in a summarized non-separated form. We propose a technique that reduces the solution of the initial problem to the solution of specially-built supplementary Cauchy problems. The results of some numerical experiments are also given.
Born non-scattering electromagnetic media
Authors: Arens Tilo , Sylvester John 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We consider the propagation of electromagnetic waves in an anisotropic medium. A local perturbation of the vacuum media that does not produce a detectable change in the far field is called non-scattering. Through testing by plane waves, we derive a variational equation characterizing non-scattering perturbations of permittivities and permeabilities to first order, i.e. in the Born approximation. We show that these perturbations can be characterized exactly by four functions. Three of these functions correspond to linearizations of known non-scattering media constructed by diffeomorphisms in transformation optics. The role of the fourth function is not yet understood, although some analytic properties can be derived.
Line × tester analysis in rapeseed: Identification
of superior parents and combinations for seed
yield and its components
Authors: Rameeh Valiollah 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The objectives of this research were to investigate
the genetic structure of the 20 F1s rapeseed hybrids
established from five female moderate maturing lines
and four early maturing male testers, determine parents
showing general combining ability (GCA) and assess
crosses demonstrating specific combining ability (SCA).
Significant mean squares of lines and testers determined
GCA and confirmed the presence of additive genes that
were influencing the traits, while the significance of line×tester
interactions indicated the importance of SCA of
parents and demonstrated the importance of dominance
or non-additive genetic effects. Significant variance of
parents vs. crosses revealed significant average heterosis
for all the traits except first pod height and seeds per
pod. High narrow-sense heritability estimates for number
of branches and pod length indicated the importance of
additive genetic effects for these traits. Significantly positive
correlation was exhibited between GCA effects on
pods on main raceme and seed yield and, therefore, the
GCA effect on pods on main raceme can be used as indirect
selection criterion for improvement of seed yield. The
crosses L41×Foma2, Zafar×R42 and L22B×R38 recorded
significant positive SCA effects and high mean values of
seed yield of 3400, 3311.3 and 2904.2 kg ha-1, respectively.
Effect of vitamin D on free radical metabolism in renal tissues of septic rats / Septik ratların böbrek dokularında serbest radikal metabolizmasına vitamin D’nin etkisi
Authors: Atikeler Gökçe , Çıracı Mehmet Zahid , Kocabıyık Murat , Kavutçu Mustafa , Canbolat Orhan , Çevik Cemal 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Objective: Sepsis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced excessive immune response is associated with multi-organ damage in sepsis. Excessive immune response causes multi-organ damage by increasing oxidative stress. Studies on the antioxidant effects of vitamin D demonstrated its protective role. In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D on free radical metabolism in LPS injected rats.
Methods: Twenty four wistar albino rats were separated into control, sepsis, sepsis+vitamin D and vitamin D groups. Sepsis was induced with single injection of LPS Esherichia coli (O111-b4) 16 mg/kg. Vitamin D was given 2 mg/kg 25 (OH) single dose via gavage for 3 days. Renal function tests were analyzed in serum. Tissue catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were analyzed, and rat renal tissues were evaluated histopathologically.
Results: SOD and GSH-Px activities were not significantly different between the groups. CAT activities were significantly decreased in all groups compared to control, this suppression was seen in the sepsis+vitamin D group versus sepsis group. GST activities were significantly decreased in sepsis and sepsis+vitamin D group compared to control, but GST activities were significantly elevated vitamin D group compare to sepsis and sepsis+vitamin D group. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were significantly elevated in sepsis and sepsis+vitamin D group. Inflammation, expansion in bowman capsule were detected in sepsis and sepsis+vitamin D groups.
Conclusion: Vitamin D treatment does not seem to have protective role against renal toxicity in sepsis.Nutrition with vitamin D in sepsis may have suppressive effect on antioxidant enzymes such as CAT and GST due to reduced substrat level which use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and GSH as a substrate.
Synthesis and characterization of the novel rare earth orthophosphates Y0.5Er0.5PO4and Y0.5Yb0.5PO4
Authors: Schildhammer Daniel , Petschnig Lucas L. , Fuhrmann Gerda , Heymann Gunter , Tribus Martina , Schottenberger Herwig , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe new mixed rare earth (RE) orthophosphates Y0.5Er0.5PO4and Y0.5Yb0.5PO4were synthesized by a classical solid state reaction in an electrical furnace at 1200 °C. As starting materials, the corresponding rare earth oxides and diammonium hydrogen phosphate were used. The powder diffraction analyses revealed that the new compounds Y0.5Er0.5PO4and Y0.5Yb0.5PO4crystallize in a zircon-type structure being isostructural with the rare earth orthophosphate YPO4. Y0.5Er0.5PO4and Y0.5Yb0.5PO4crystallize in the tetragonal space groupI41/amd(no. 141) with four formula units in the unit cell. The structural parameters based on Rietveld refinements area= 687.27(2),c= 601.50(2) pm,V= 0.28412(1) nm3,Rp= 0.0143, andRwp= 0.0186 (all data) for Y0.5Er0.5PO4anda= 684.61(2),c= 599.31(2) pm,V= 0.28089(2) nm3,Rp= 0.0242, andRwp= 0.0313 (all data) for Y0.5Yb0.5PO4. Furthermore, the structure of Y0.5Er0.5PO4was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data:a= 687.78(5),c= 601.85(4) pm,V= 0.28470(5) nm3,R1= 0.0165, andwR2= 0.0385 (all data). In both compounds, the rare earth metal ions are eightfold coordinated by oxygen atoms, forming two unique interlocking tetrahedra with two individualRE–O distances. The tetrahedral phosphate groups [PO4]3–are slightly distorted in both compounds. The individual rare earth ions share a common position (Wyckoff site 4a). The presence of two rare earth ions in the structures of the new orthophosphates Y0.5Er0.5PO4and Y0.5Yb0.5PO4was additionally confirmed by single-crystal EDX spectroscopy revealing a ratio of 1:1.
Eine neue Methode zur Herstellung und Reinigung von 5-Methyltetrahydrofolsäure / A New Method for Preparation and Purification of 5-M ethyltetrahydrofolic Acid
Authors: Rüdiger Harold , Siede Reinhard 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid is prepared from folic acid by sodium borohydride reduction, reac­ tion with formaldehyde and reduction to the methyl derivative by sodium borohydride. The crude product is precipitated as barium salt which after having been converted to the sodium salt by ion exchange is adsorbed to QAE-Sephadex and eluted by different acetic acid gradients in subsequent chromatographies. This method allows to process gram quantities on reasonably small columns
Halogenierte Alkoxyphenylharnstoffe, ihre Herstellung und herbizide Wirkung / Halogenated Alkoxyphenylureas, Their Preparation and Herbicidal Activity
Authors: Hörlein Gerhard , Schönowsky Hubert , Studeneer Adolf , Langelüddeke Peter 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In the side chain halogenated, especially fluorinated, alkoxyphenylureas are new herbicides with high activity. Methods for the synthesis of these compounds are reviewed
Zum stoffwechsel von aromaten, III. Spaltung von oestratrien-derivaten zu dicarbonsäuren vom typus der muconsäure / On the metabolism of aromatic compounds, III . scission of estratrien derivatives to dicarbonic acids of the muconic acid type
Authors: Walter G , Hecker E 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
By cleavage of the aromatic ring of 6,7-dihydroxy-tetraline (1) with peracetic acid 1,2-bis-carboxymethylene- cyclohexane (3 a) is obtained. The addition of one mole of water to 3 a leads to 1-hydroxy-1-carboxymethyl-2-carboxymethylene-cyclohexane (4), which is readily converted to the lactone 1-hydroxy-2-carboxymethylene-cyclohexane-γ-lactone-aceticacid-(1) (5). By melting of compound 4 or 5 1,2-dihydroxy-cyclohexane-diaceticacid-1 (1,2) -di-γ-lactone (6) is obtained.
1,2-bis-carboxymethylene-cyclohexane (3 a) shows a molecular asymmetry which is of a type similar as found in atropisomeric compounds. On the basis of conformational considerations it is demonstrated that in the dilactone 6 the cyclohexane ring is stabilized in the boat form.
Cleavage of the aromatic A-ring of 2-hydroxy-estradiol- (17β) -acetate (7) with peracetic acid occurs in a manner analogous to that of compound 1, giving rise to 2,3-seco-Δ10(1)-estrenediol- (5ξ, 17β)-diacid-(2,3)-lactone-(2 → 5) -17-acetate (8 a). 8 a is converted to the methylester 9 and further to the corresponding estrone derivative 11 a.
Estrone-[16-14C] was incubated with the 15 000 × g supernatant from rat liver homogenate in order to investigate the possibility if scission of the aromatic ring A of estrogens is a step in their katabolism. Substance 11 a was used as a carrier in these studies
Cytochrome c Reducing Substances in Photosynthetic Electron Transport
Authors: Oettmeier Walter , Lockau Wolfgang 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Photosynthetic cytochrome c reduction by isolated chloroplasts is mediated by substances with characteristics of a "Cytochrome c Reducing Substance" (CRS). A water soluble extract of ether treated, lyophilized chloroplasts (called Sʟ-eth), related to the primary acceptor complex of photo­ system I, has CRS-activity. It contains p-coumaroyl-meso-tartaric acid. By comparison with model substances, the CRS-activity in chloroplasts is attributed to the iron complex of this compound. A number of other iron complexes and numerous quinones with redox potentials from - 220 mV to + 300 mV are also shown to possess CRS-activity. The CRS preparation from the blue green alga Anabaena cylindrica, as first described by Fujita and Myers, contains Fe3+/EDTA, which has all the chemical and functional properties as reported for CRS