bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship of serum adipokines with malnutrition inflammation score in haemodialysis
Authors: Alipoor Elham , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Mahdavi‐Mazdeh Mitra , Yaseri Mehdi , Zahed Narges Sadat , Hosseinzadeh‐Attar Mohammad Javad 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundProtein–energy wasting is a prevalent disorder in haemodialysis. Zinc‐α2‐glycoprotein (ZAG) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) are novel adipokines with recognized lipolytic effects and proposed role in metabolic homoeostasis. This study was conducted to investigate the association of ZAG and ATGL concentrations with malnutrition–inflammation score (MIS) and metabolic profile of patients with haemodialysis.Materials and methodsEighty‐eight patients under regular haemodialysis were divided based on MIS to normal to mild wasting (NMW; n = 35) or moderate wasting (MW; n = 53) group. Anthropometric measurements along with fasting serum concentrations of ZAG, ATGL, free fatty acids (FFAs), albumin, transferrin, total iron‐binding capacity (TIBC), hs‐CRP, lipid profile and glucose metabolism were assessed.ResultsAdipose triglyceride lipase concentration was significantly higher in MW than NMW group (10·89 ± 5·7 vs. 8·02 ± 3·37 mIU/mL; P = 0·008). The ZAG and FFAs were not significantly different between two groups. ATGL was directly correlated with FFAs in all of the patients (r = 0·284, P = 0·007) and MW (r = 0·32, P = 0·021), and marginally in NMW (r = 0·31, P = 0·057) groups. ATGL and odds of having mild or moderate wasting were significantly correlated (OR = 1·21, P = 0·033). A positive association was observed between ATGL with TG (r = 0·31, P = 0·049) and also with transferrin and TIBC (r = 0·44, P = 0·001) only in MW group. An inverse relationship was observed between ATGL and HDL in all of the participants (r=−0·222, P = 0·04). No significant correlation was observed between ZAG and other parameters.ConclusionsThe serum concentrations of ATGL, but not ZAG, were significantly higher in MW compared to NMW group. Each unit increase in ATGL concentrations was correlated with 21% increase in the odds of wasting severity. ATGL might play a role in wasting pathogenesis and metabolic profile in haemodialysis.
How to record high‐frequency oscillations in epilepsy: A practical guideline
Authors: Zijlmans Maeike , Worrell Gregory A. , Dümpelmann Matthias , Stieglitz Thomas , Barborica Andrei , Heers Marcel , Ikeda Akio , Usui Naotaka , Le Van Quyen Michel 
Published: June 2017

SummaryObjectiveTechnology for localizing epileptogenic brain regions plays a central role in surgical planning. Recent improvements in acquisition and electrode technology have revealed that high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) within the 80–500 Hz frequency range provide the neurophysiologist with new information about the extent of the epileptogenic tissue in addition to ictal and interictal lower frequency events. Nevertheless, two decades after their discovery there remain questions about HFOs as biomarkers of epileptogenic brain and there use in clinical practice.MethodsIn this review, we provide practical, technical guidance for epileptologists and clinical researchers on recording, evaluation, and interpretation of ripples, fast ripples, and very high‐frequency oscillations.ResultsWe emphasize the importance of low noise recording to minimize artifacts. HFO analysis, either visual or with automatic detection methods, of high fidelity recordings can still be challenging because of various artifacts including muscle, movement, and filtering. Magnetoencephalography and intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings are subject to the same artifacts.SignificanceHigh‐frequency oscillations are promising new biomarkers in epilepsy. This review provides interested researchers and clinicians with a review of current state of the art of recording and identification and potential challenges to clinical translation.
Contribution of CARD9‐mediated signalling to wound healing in skin
Authors: Kanno Emi , Kawakami Kazuyoshi , Tanno Hiromasa , Suzuki Aiko , Sato Noriko , Masaki Airi , Imamura Ayano , Takagi Naoyuki , Miura Takayuki , Yamamoto Hideki , Ishii Keiko , Hara Hiromitsu , Imai Yoshimichi , Maruyama Ryoko , Tachi Masahiro 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe inflammatory response after skin injury involves the secretion of a variety of cytokines and growth factors that are necessary for tissue repair. Caspase recruitment domain‐containing protein 9 (CARD9) is an essential signalling adaptor molecule for NF‐κB activation upon triggering through C‐type lectin receptors (CLRs), which are expressed in macrophages and dendritic cells. However, the role of CARD9 in inflammatory responses at the wound site has not been elucidated. In this study, we analysed the role of CARD9 in the healing process of skin wounds. Wounds were created on the backs of wild‐type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and CARD9 gene‐disrupted (knockout [KO]) mice. We analysed per cent wound closure, and the wound tissues were harvested for analysis of leucocyte accumulation and cytokine and chemokine expressions. CARD9KO mice exhibited significant attenuation of wound closure compared with WT mice on days 5, 7 and 10 postwounding, which was associated with decreased macrophage accumulation and reduced TNF‐α, IL‐1β, CCL3 and CCL4 expressions. These results suggest that CARD9 may be involved in the wound‐healing process through the regulation of macrophage‐mediated inflammatory responses.
Is bisphenol A an environmental obesogen?
Authors: Legeay Samuel , Faure Sébastien 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor with an oestrogenic activity that is widely produced for the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic, epoxy resin, and thermal paper. Its ubiquitous presence in the environment contributes to broad and continuous human exposure, which has been associated with deleterious health effects. Despite numerous controversial discussions and a lack of consensus about BPA's safety, growing evidence indicates that BPA exposure positively correlates with an increased risk of developing obesity. An updated analysis of the epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro studies indicates that BPA should be considered an obesogenic environmental compound. Precisely, BPA exposure during all life stages correlates with increased body weight and/or body mass index. Developmental periods that include prenatal, infancy, and childhood appear to be critical windows with increased sensitivity to BPA effects. Finally, blood analysis and in vitro data clearly demonstrate that BPA promotes adipogenesis, lipid and glucose dysregulation, and adipose tissue inflammation, thus contributing to the pathophysiology of obesity. Future prevention efforts should now be employed to avoid BPA exposure, and more research to determine in depth the critical time windows, doses, and impact of long‐term exposure of BPA is warranted in order to clarify its risk assessment.
Information Content of Offer Date Revelations: A Fresh Look at Seasoned Equity Offerings
Authors: Chan Konan , Nayar Nandkumar , Singh Ajai K. , Yu Wen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBesides the offer price discount, investment bankers use revisions in offer size from the amount originally filed to signal the issuer's quality to their buy‐side clients. Unlike the offer price discount, offer size revision not only relates to the offer date price reaction, it also predicts post‐SEO (seasoned equity offering) performance. Improved SEOs, whose offer size exceeds the amount originally registered, experience significantly positive returns during the registration period and on the offer date. More importantly, they do not underperform post‐issuance. Their complement, regular SEOs, exhibit significantly negative returns during the registration period, on the offer date, and underperform their benchmark following issuance.
Climate change and temperature‐linked hatchling mortality at a globally important sea turtle nesting site
Authors: Laloë Jacques‐Olivier , Cozens Jacquie , Renom Berta , Taxonera Albert , Hays Graeme C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe study of temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) in vertebrates has attracted major scientific interest. Recently, concerns for species with TSD in a warming world have increased because imbalanced sex ratios could potentially threaten population viability. In contrast, relatively little attention has been given to the direct effects of increased temperatures on successful embryonic development. Using 6603 days of sand temperature data recorded across 6 years at a globally important loggerhead sea turtle rookery—the Cape Verde Islands—we show the effects of warming incubation temperatures on the survival of hatchlings in nests. Incorporating published data (n = 110 data points for three species across 12 sites globally), we show the generality of relationships between hatchling mortality and incubation temperature and hence the broad applicability of our findings to sea turtles in general. We use a mechanistic approach supplemented by empirical data to consider the linked effects of warming temperatures on hatchling output and on sex ratios for these species that exhibit TSD. Our results show that higher temperatures increase the natural growth rate of the population as more females are produced. As a result, we project that numbers of nests at this globally important site will increase by approximately 30% by the year 2100. However, as incubation temperatures near lethal levels, the natural growth rate of the population decreases and the long‐term survival of this turtle population is threatened. Our results highlight concerns for species with TSD in a warming world and underline the need for research to extend from a focus on temperature‐dependent sex determination to a focus on temperature‐linked hatchling mortalities.
Macroecological conclusions based on IUCN expert maps: A call for caution
Authors: Herkt K. Matthias B. , Skidmore Andrew K. , Fahr Jakob 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) expert maps are increasingly used in macroecological research. However, they have not been produced for this purpose. Macroecological insights based exclusively on this type of data could therefore be misleading. Here we compare, for a large taxonomic group (bats) and an entire biogeographical realm (Africa), the species‐specific discrepancies between IUCN maps and species distribution models (SDMs) that approximate the complete geographical range of species. We then examine the implications for a typical macroecological analysis that explores environmental correlates of species richness.LocationContinental Africa.Time periodAround 2000.TaxaBats (Chiroptera).MethodsWe measure disagreement between IUCN expert maps and SDMs at both the species (geographical ranges) and the aggregated level (range size–frequency distributions and species richness). We further quantify the difference in absolute and relative weight assigned to three variables hypothesized to drive species richness: primary productivity, climatic seasonality and environmental heterogeneity.ResultsLocation, shape and size of individual species’ ranges, derived richness patterns and range size–frequency distributions differ substantially. SDMs predict larger and more complex geographical ranges, and species’ range sizes vary less. The spatial congruence of richness hotspots among both datasets is only 42%. These discrepancies are large enough to alter the absolute explanatory power of environmental correlates, whereas the redundancy in the variation explained increases markedly when richness is inferred using SDM‐based estimates of complete species ranges.Main conclusionsIUCN expert maps differ considerably and systematically from SDMs built to estimate complete species ranges, primarily because of their intentional greater sensitivity to geographical sampling bias. This property is desirable in a conservation context but unwanted in most macroecological analyses. We therefore caution against the use of IUCN expert maps in macroecology and recommend at least gauging the robustness of results using additional range estimates designed to approximate the complete geographical range of species.
Urinary tract infection in patients with hip fracture: An underestimated event?
Authors: Bliemel Christopher , Buecking Benjamin , Hack Juliana , Aigner Rene , Eschbach Daphne‐Asimenia , Ruchholtz Steffen , Oberkircher Ludwig 
Published: June 2017

AimUrinary tract infections (UTI) represent a common perioperative complication among elderly patients with hip fracture. To determine the impact of UTI on the perioperative course of elderly patients with hip fractures, a prospective study was carried out.MethodsA total of 402 surgically‐treated geriatric hip fracture patients were consecutively enrolled at a level 1 trauma center. On admission, all patients received an indwelling urinary catheter. Clinically symptomatic patients were screened more closely for UTI. Patients diagnosed with UTI were compared with asymptomatic patients. Outcomes in both patient groups were measured using in‐hospital mortality, overall length of hospital stay, wound infection, functional results and mobility at discharge. Multivariate regression analysis was carried out to control for influencing factors.ResultsA total of 97 patients (24%) sustained a UTI during in‐hospital treatment. UTI were independently associated with inferior functional outcomes as assessed by the Barthel Index (β = −0.091; P = 0.031), Timed Up and Go test (β = 0.364; P = 0.001) and Tinetti test (β = −0.169; P = 0.001) at discharge. Additionally, length of hospital stay was significantly longer for patients with a UTI diagnosis (β = 0.123; P = 0.029) after controlling for all other variables. No differences were observed in the rate of wound infection (odds ratio 1.185; P = 0.898) or in‐hospital mortality (P < 0.997).ConclusionsPatients with UTI seem to be at risk of inferior functional outcomes. In addition to an early detection of symptomatic UTI and a targeted antibiotic therapy, perioperative care should focus on preserving functional ability to protect these patients from further loss of independence and prolonged clinical courses. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2369–2376.
Validity of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology‐Functional Assessment Tool and Mini‐Mental State Examination for detecting the incidence of dementia in older Japanese adults
Authors: Shimada Hiroyuki , Makizako Hyuma , Park Hyuntae , Doi Takehiko , Lee Sangyoon 
Published: June 2017

AimNumerous neuropsychological tests are implemented in the clinical setting. However, a readily available cognitive test is required to detect the risk of dementia in the community setting.MethodsA total of 4151 persons aged ≥65 years participated in the present prospective cohort study. We assessed cognitive performance using the Mini‐Mental State Examination and the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology‐Functional Assessment Tool. The National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology‐Functional Assessment Tool includes tests of story and word list memory, attention and executive function, processing speed, and visuospatial skill to screen for cognitive impairment. All measurements were transformed to Z‐scores to compare among the cognitive tests. The incidence of dementia was determined using data collected by the Japanese Health Insurance System over 36 months.ResultsAfter an average of 43 months, 180 (4.3%) participants were diagnosed with dementia. Survival analyses showed that the probability of dementia was significantly associated with all cognitive tests, except for visuospatial skill. The processing speed test showed the highest hazard ratios for the incidence of dementia (Z‐score: hazard ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.50–0.75, P < 0.01). In subgroup analysis, there were no significant relationships between cognitive tests and the incidence of dementia in participants without global cognitive impairment.ConclusionsWe conclude that the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology‐Functional Assessment Tool, as well as the Mini‐Mental State Examination, play an important role in detecting the risk of dementia in the community setting. Further analysis is required to identify the risk of dementia in older people without global cognitive impairment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2383–2388.
Comparison of healthcare utilization and life‐sustaining interventions between elderly patients with dementia and those with cancer near the end of life: A nationwide, population‐based study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yu‐Han , Ho Chung‐Han , Huang Chien‐Cheng , Hsu Ya‐Wen , Chen Yueh‐Chun , Chen Ping‐Jen , Chen Guan‐Ting , Wang Jhi‐Joung 
Published: June 2017

AimLittle is known about the pattern of healthcare services for end‐of‐life patients with dementia (PwD) in East Asia. We compared this pattern between PwD and cancer patients in their last year of life in Taiwan.MethodsTaiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database was applied for this case–control analysis. The records of patients who had dementia and died between 2002 and 2011 were reviewed. The control group was decedents with cancer. The utilization of hospitalization, emergency department visits and life‐sustaining interventions during the last year of life between the two groups were compared.ResultsOf the 2724 patients enrolled, 908 had dementia and 1816 had cancer. PwD were more likely to have a higher frequency of admission to hospital and intensive care unit, and longer stays compared with cancer patients. PwD had a higher risk of enteral tube insertion and feeding, endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy, mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR 4.36, 95% CI 3.51–5.41), which was the highest among the selected procedures.ConclusionsPwD in their last year of life in Taiwan underwent aggressive interventions significantly more frequently than did their counterparts in Western countries. Providing comfort‐centered care for better quality of life for end‐of‐life PwD is a priority of Taiwan's national health policy. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2545–2551.
Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in independent community‐dwelling older adults: The Fujiwara‐kyo study
Authors: Yoshikawa Masanori , Yamamoto Yoshifumi , Tomoda Koichi , Fujita Yukio , Yamauchi Motoo , Osa Takao , Uyama Hiroki , Okamoto Nozomi , Kurumatani Norio , Kimura Hiroshi 
Published: June 2017

AimAs the Japanese population ages, the number of older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is expected to increase, but the prevalence of COPD in patients aged ≥80 years remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of COPD in independent community‐dwelling older adults aged ≥80 years.MethodsWe investigated the prevalence of COPD in 2862 independent community‐dwelling older adults (1504 men, 1358 women, mean age 77.7 ± 7.0 years) who underwent spirometry in the Fujiwara‐kyo study, a study of successful aging in older adults. Those participants with airflow limitation (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity <0.7) who indicated on a self‐administered questionnaire that they had a history of smoking and did not have bronchial asthma were considered to have COPD.ResultsThe prevalence of COPD was 16.9% among all participants and 37.4% among smokers. The prevalence among individuals aged ≥80 years (19.7%) was significantly higher than that among those aged <80 years (16.0%; P < 0.05). When forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity lower limit of normal was used as the criterion for airflow limitation, the prevalence fell to 11.0%. Patients with mild‐to‐moderate airflow limitation (stage I/stage II) accounted for the great majority (91.2%) of COPD patients aged ≥80 years.ConclusionsA high prevalence of mild‐to‐moderate COPD was observed even in the independent community‐dwelling older adults aged ≥80 years. However, the benefits of the spirometric screening and treatment for these patients needs to be determined. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2421–2426.
Adult males with haemophilia have a different macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function profile compared with healthy controls
Authors: Sun H. , Yang M. , Fung M. , Chan S. , Jawi M. , Anderson T. , Poon M.‐C. , Jackson S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEndothelial function has been identified as an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk in the general population. It is unclear if the haemophilia population has a different endothelial function profile compared to the healthy population.AimThis prospective study aims to assess if there is a difference in endothelial function between haemophilia patients and healthy controls, and the impact of endothelial function on vascular outcomes in the haemophilia population. Baseline cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial function were presented.MethodsAdult males with haemophilia A or B recruited from the British Columbia and Southern Alberta haemophilia treatment centres were matched to healthy male controls by age and cardiovascular risk factors. Macrovascular endothelial function was assessed by brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin‐mediated dilation (NMD), and microvascular endothelial function was assessed by hyperaemic velocity time integral (VTI). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between haemophilia and endothelial function.ResultsA total of 81 patients with haemophilia and 243 controls were included. Patients with haemophilia had a similar FMD and NMD compared to controls, although haemophilia was associated with higher FMD on multivariable analysis. Haemophilia was associated with significantly lower VTI on univariate and multivariable analyses, regardless of haemophilia type and severity.ConclusionsAdult males with haemophilia appear to have lower microvascular endothelial function compared to healthy controls. Future studies to assess the impact of endothelial dysfunction on cardiovascular events in the haemophilia population are needed.
The university's governance paradox
Authors: Maassen Peter 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOne can observe a growing external pressure on universities to become more responsive to society through proactively engaging in various types of competition—competing for students, staff, external funding, and for academic prestige and status. The ensuing reform agendas aim at changing the intra‐university governance structures for stimulating the intended university responsiveness. This article discusses how intra‐university governance has developed over time with a changing internal and external dynamics. It will be argued that in the university governance practice a paradox has emerged: the more university leaders take on and operate in line with the reform agenda's ideologies, the less effective they appear to be in realising some of the reform intentions. How can such a paradox be accounted for? Building on three general theories of governance, this paradox is analysed as arising from the neglect of the interplay of historical university traditions and formal organisational–structural features of the university. The importance of this interplay will be discussed from the perspective of the prestige economy.