bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localized, gradient‐reversed ultrafast z‐spectroscopy in vivo at 7T
Authors: Wilson Neil E. , D'Aquilla Kevin , Debrosse Catherine , Hariharan Hari , Reddy Ravinder 
Published: July 2016

PurposeTo collect ultrafast z‐spectra in vivo in situations where voxel homogeneity cannot be assured.TheorySaturating in the presence of a gradient encodes the frequency offset spatially across a voxel. This encoding can be resolved by applying a similar gradient during readout. Acquiring additional scans with the gradient polarity reversed effectively mirrors the spatial locations of the frequency offsets so that the same physical location of a positive offset in the original scan will contribute a negative offset in the gradient‐reversed scan.MethodsGradient‐reversed ultrafast z‐spectroscopy (GRUFZS) was implemented and tested in a modified, localized PRESS sequence at 7T. Lysine phantoms were scanned at various concentrations and compared with coventionally‐acquired z‐spectra. Scans were acquired in vivo in human brain from homogeneous and inhomogeneous voxels with the ultrafast direction cycled between read, phase, and slice. Results were compared to those from a similar conventional z‐spectroscopy PRESS‐based sequence.ResultsAsymmetry spectra from GRUFZS are more consistent and reliable than those without gradient reversal and are comparable to those from conventional z‐spectroscopy. GRUFZS offers significant acceleration in data acquisition compared to traditional chemical exchange saturation transfer methods with high spectral resolution and showed higher relative SNR effficiency.ConclusionGRUFZS offers a method of collecting ultrafast z‐spectra in voxels with the inhomogeneity often found in vivo. Magn Reson Med 76:1039–1046, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brain activation in response to bladder filling in healthy adults: An activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies
Authors: Arya Nisha G. , Weissbart Steven J. , Xu Sihua , Rao Hengyi 
Published: July 2016

AimsRecent studies have used different neuroimaging techniques and identified various brain regions that are activated during bladder filling. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding which of these brain regions regulate the process of urine storage. The aim of this meta‐analysis is to identify brain regions that are commonly activated during bladder filling in healthy adults across different studies.MethodsPubMed was searched for neuroimaging studies investigating the effects of bladder filling on regional brain activation. Studies were excluded if they did not report brain activation differences from whole‐brain group analysis by comparing the state of bladder filling with the state of bladder rest. The current version of the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) approach was used for meta‐analysis.ResultsWe identified 14 neuroimaging studies examining brain activation in response to experimental bladder filling in 181 healthy subjects, which reported 89 foci for ALE analysis. The meta‐analysis revealed significant activation in multiple brain regions including thalamus (bilaterally), right insula, cerebellum, and brainstem (bilaterally).ConclusionsSeveral key brain regions involved in sensory processing are commonly activated during bladder filling in healthy adults across different studies. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:960–965, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elko oder Böller: die Polung macht's!
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractKondensatoren sind aus elektronischen Schaltkreisen nicht wegzudenken. Um auch bei kleinen Dimensionen auf große Kapazitätswerte zu kommen, greift man gerne auf Elektrolytkondensatoren zurück. Diese explodieren jedoch heftig, wenn man sie nicht richtig kontaktiert. Hochgeschwindigkeits‐Videos offenbaren die Dynamik dieses Vorgangs.
Licht auf der Kreisbahn
Authors: Braam Daniel , Lorke Axel , Kushida Soh , Yamamoto Yohei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEin wichtiges Element in der modernen Optik bilden Resonatoren, die durch Emission von Licht mit scharf definierten Wellenlängen eine ganze Reihe von Bauelementen wie Laser erst ermöglichen. Üblicherweise werden spezielle Leuchtstoffe in solche Resonatorstrukturen eingebracht, deren Licht dann durch die Form der Resonatoren selektiert wird. Unserer Gruppe von der Universität Essen‐Duisburg ist es in Zusammenarbeit mit der Universität Tsukuba in Japan gelungen, beide Bestandteile (Leuchtstoff und Resonatormaterial) auf der Basis von leuchtenden Polymerkugeln zu vereinen.
Studies toward understanding theSARaround the sulfoximine moiety of the sap‐feeding insecticide sulfoxaflor
Authors: Buysse Ann M , Nugent Benjamin M , Wang Nick X , Benko Zoltan , Breaux Nneka , Rogers Richard , Zhu Yuanming 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe discovery of sulfoxaflor (Isoclast™ active) stemmed from a novel scaffold‐based approach toward identifying bioactive molecules. It exhibits broad‐spectrum control of many sap‐feeding insect pests, including aphids, whiteflies, hoppers andLygus. Systematic modifications of the substituents flanking each side of the sulfoximine moiety were carried out to determine whether these changes would improve potency.RESULTSStructure–activity relationship (SAR) studies showed that, with respect to the methylene linker, both mono‐ and disubstitution with alkyl groups of varying sizes as well as cyclic analogs exhibited excellent control of cotton aphids. However, against green peach aphids a decrease in activity was observed with substituents larger than ethyl as well as larger cycloalkyl groups. At the terminal tail there appeared to be a narrow steric tolerance as well, with linear groups or small rings more active against green peach aphids than bulkier groups.CONCLUSIONA novel series of compounds exploring the substituents flanking the sulfoximine moiety of sulfoxaflor were prepared and tested for bioactivity against cotton aphids and green peach aphids.SARstudies indicated that a decrease in green peach aphid potency was observed at the methylene linker as well as at the terminal tail with bulkier substituents. A quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis of the compounds revealed significant correlation of activity with two molecular descriptors,vol(volume of a molecule) and GCUT_SMR_3 (molar refractivity). This predictive model helps to explain the observed activity with the various substituents. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Photochemical Enhancement in Catalytic Activity of Nickel Nanoparticles for Hydration of CO2
Authors: Bhaduri Gaurav A. , Muzaffar Bilal , Alamiry Mohammed A. H. , Yuan Jian , Shangguan Wenfeng , Šiller Lidija 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe aqueous route for mineralization of CO2 is considered one of the least energy consuming processes for carbon capture and storage. Reversible hydration of CO2 is one of the slowest steps in the mineralization process, however, it can be enhanced using nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs). In this study we evaluate the influence of photochemical effects on the catalytic activity of NiNPs for hydration of CO2 by comparing pH change profiles of catalysed and uncatalysed reactions under different solar irradiation conditions. The activity of NiNPs for CO2 hydration is observed under artificial solar radiation, with and without an infrared (IR) filter and in dark conditions. It is found that the rate of CO2 hydration is enhanced by ∼16 % in the presence of IR‐filtered solar radiation and by ∼24 % with the presence of IR radiation. The enhancement of activity is attributed to absorption associated with the NiNP surface plasmon resonance at 400 nm.
Demystifying variance in performance: A longitudinal multilevel perspective
Authors: Guo Guangrui 
Published: July 2016

Research summary: This study employs longitudinal multilevel modeling to re‐examine the relative importance of business unit, corporation, industry, and year effects on business unit performance. Total variance in performance is partitioned into stable variance and dynamic variance. Sources of these two parts of variance are explored. Empirical results indicate that (1) stable effects of corporation‐industry interaction are substantially important, but were unequally confounded with stable effects of business unit, corporation, and industry in results of previous studies; (2) stable effects of corporation, industry, and corporation‐industry interaction, taken together, are of similar relative magnitude to stable effects of business unit; and (3) random and nonlinear year effects are very important in explaining dynamic variance. These findings extend our theoretical and empirical understanding of performance variability.Managerial summary: Whether stable or changing, business units themselves, corporate‐parents, and industries influence business unit operations. This article investigates the relative effects of these factors on business unit performance. Although the traditional wisdom is that business unit is critical, this research finds that corporate‐parent, industry, and interactions between these, taken together, are as influential as business unit. Specifically, interactions between corporate‐parent and industry are important for over‐time average business unit performance, indicating that a given corporate‐parent unevenly influences its business units in different industries and that a particular industry unevenly influences business units within itself from different corporate‐parents. This study also demonstrates that changes in business unit, corporate‐parent, and industry are important drivers of over‐time volatility of business unit performance and that effects of these changes differ. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of combinatorial probe–anchor ligation‐based sequencing as non‐invasive prenatal test for trisomy at a central laboratory
Authors: Ma J. , Wang Y. , Wang W. , Dong Y. , Xu C. , Zhou A. , Xu Z. , Wu Z. , Tang X. , Chen F. , Yin Y. , Wang W. , Yan M. , Zhang W. , Mu F. , Yang H. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical validity of a new ultrahigh‐throughput non‐invasive prenatal test (NIPT) based on combinatorial probe–anchor ligation (cPAL) sequencing of cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) using centralized testing.MethodsMaternal plasma samples were obtained from 10 594 singleton pregnancies in high‐risk populations at 20 centers in China, including 8155 that were collected retrospectively and 2439 prospectively. Fetal outcome data and karyotyping results were documented as gold standard and were double blinded during NIPT. The clinical performance of the ultrahigh‐throughput sequencing method, cPAL, for NIPT was validated by evaluating its sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) in detecting trisomies 21, 18 and 13 as the centralized testing mode in the reference laboratory. To ensure stable and reproducible performance of centralized cPAL‐based NIPT in detecting trisomies, a series of quality‐control systems, including sequencing of two sets of artificial samples, were employed and evaluated.ResultsTen prospective cases were excluded from the study because of incomplete clinical data. Four prospective samples failed to generate a NIPT result due to assay failure, presenting a failure rate of 0.16% (4/2429). A total of 168 retrospective cases and 47 prospective cases had a positive NIPT result for trisomy, giving respective positive rates of 2.06% and 1.94%. Four false‐positive and no false‐positive cases were observed in the retrospective and prospective groups, respectively, resulting in PPV of 97.62% (95% CI, 94.02–99.35%) and 100% (95% CI, 92.45–100%), respectively. In the retrospective group, sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 100% (95% CI, 97.07–100%) and 99.98% (95% CI, 99.94–100%) for trisomy 21, 100% (95% CI, 97.75–100%) and 99.98% (95% CI, 99.94–100%) for trisomy 18, and 100% (95% CI, 15.81–100%) and 100% (95% CI, 99.95–100%) for trisomy 13. In the prospective group, sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 100% (95% CI, 90.75–100%) and 100% (95% CI, 99.85–100%) for trisomy 21, 100% (95% CI, 63.06–100%) and 100% (95% CI, 99.85–100%) for trisomy 18, and 100% (95% CI, 2.50–100%) and 100% (95% CI, 99.85–100%) for trisomy 13.ConclusionIn this multicenter study with a full quality‐control system, NIPT by centralized cPAL‐based testing showed high stability and performance comparable to those of previous validation studies in high‐risk populations. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Comparison of different rate constant expressions for the prediction of charge and energy transport in oligoacenes
Authors: Stehr V. , Fink R. F. , Tafipolski M. , Deibel C. , Engels B. 
Published: July 2016

Charge and exciton transport in organic semiconductors is crucial for a variety of optoelectronic applications. The prediction of the material‐dependent exciton diffusion length and the charge carrier mobility is a prerequisite for tailoring new materials for organic electronics. At room temperature often a hopping process can be assumed. In this work, three hopping models based on Fermi's Golden rule but with different levels of approximation—the spectral overlap approach, the Marcus theory, and the Levich–Jortner theory—are compared for the calculation of charge carrier mobilities and exciton diffusion lengths for oligoacenes, using the master equation approach and Monte Carlo simulations. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:694–720. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1273This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Ultra-compact photonic crystal based water temperature sensor
Authors: Nikoufard Mahmoud , Kazemi Alamouti Masoud , Adel Alireza 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We design an ultra-compact water temperature sensor by using the photonic crystal technology on the InP substrate at the 1.55-μm wavelength window. The photonic crystal consists of rods in a hexagonal lattice and a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) background. By using the plane wave expansion (PWE) method, the lattice constant and radius of rods are obtained, 520 nm and 80.6 nm, respectively. With a nanocavity placed in the waveguide, a resonance peak is observed at the 1.55-μm wavelength window. Any change of the water temperature inside the nanocavity results in the shift of the resonance wavelength. Our simulations show a shift of about 11 nm for a temperature change of 22.5 ℃. The resonance wavelength has a linear relation with the water temperature.
Parental responses to youths' reports of teen dating violence: Recommendations from parents and youth
Authors: Black Beverly , Preble Kathleen 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTParental responses to teen dating violence (TDV) can influence children's behaviors. This qualitative study presents findings from focus groups analyzing parental responses to TDV. Thirty‐one parents and 55 teens, recruited from local family service agencies located in southwestern part of the country, participated in separate focus groups that presented dating violence scenarios. Focus group results indicated that parents and teens both urge communication that included parents asking questions, educating the teen, sharing their personal experiences, and giving teens advice. Parental and teens' comments also focused on the importance of protecting teens, providing support for teens, refraining from overreacting and offering counseling services. Parents, more than teens, stressed the importance of educating teens; teens, more than parents, stressed the importance of parents supporting and providing comfort to teens while refraining from overreacting and yelling. Implications for programming with parents and future research are included.
The role of transcription skills and oral language skills in Chinese writing among children in upper elementary grades
Authors: YEUNG PUI-SZE , HO CONNIE SUK-HAN , CHAN DAVID WAI-OCK , CHUNG KEVIN KIEN-HOA 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis study examined the role of transcription skills (including spelling and handwriting fluency) and oral language skills in Chinese writing development among upper elementary grade students in Hong Kong. Measures assessing verbal working memory, spelling, handwriting fluency, oral narrative skills, syntactic skills, and written composition were administered to 97 students in Grade 4 (n= 47) and Grade 6 (n= 50). Hierarchical multiple regression results showed that spelling and oral narrative skills were unique predictors of Chinese writing performance. The significant interaction effect of grade and spelling showed that transcription skills played a more important role in Chinese writing performance among sixth graders than among fourth graders. Together, the present results provide important support for the “simple view of writing” model and underscore the importance of transcription skills and oral narrative skills in children's writing development in Chinese.
Cross-language associations and changes in Spanish-speaking preschoolers’ English and Spanish academic abilities
Authors: PALERMO FRANCISCO , MIKULSKI ARIANA M. , FABES RICHARD A. , MARTIN CAROL LYNN , HANISH LAURA D. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTWe examined the cross-language relations among Spanish-speaking preschoolers’ (N= 125;Mage = 53 months,SD= 4.58) English and Spanish vocabulary, letter–word, and math skills; the changes they exhibited in those skills during 1 year of preschool; and the extent to which Spanish skills were associated with English skill gains. The results revealed that children's Spanish and English vocabulary skills were unassociated across languages, whereas their letter–word and math skills were positively associated. Children exhibited gains in vocabulary, letter–word, and math skills in English, with letter–word and math skills in Spanish at the start of preschool being positively associated with the development of those skills in English. Children also gained math skills in Spanish. However, their Spanish vocabulary and letter–word skills did not appear to change. Vocabulary skills showed positive within-language relations with children's letter–word and math skills. The findings highlight cross-language linkages between Spanish-speaking preschoolers’ academic skills in English and Spanish and how Spanish skills associate with their English academic readiness.
Effects of fifth day (D5) or sixth day (D6) frozen–thawed blastocysts on neonatal outcomes
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhen Jingran , Sun Zhengyi , Yu Qi , Deng Chengyan , Zhou Yuanzheng , Wang Hanbi , He Fangfang 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis study aimed to compare the neonatal outcomes of transplanted fifth day (D5) or sixth day (D6) frozen–thawed blastocysts, aiming to provide guidance when choosing blastocyst recovery methods. The clinical data of 1109 patients that were performed for recovered blastocyst transplantation, as well as the data of 515 patients who had already delivered were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into single- or twins-birth groups according to blastocyst formation time (D5 or D6) and the number of fetus(es). The implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate of the D5 group were all significantly higher than those in the D6 group (P< 0.05), and the biochemical pregnancy rate in the D5 group was significantly lower than that in the D6 group (P= 0.049). Other factors, including birth weight, birth length, incidence of low birth weight and sex ratio, differed between the D5 and D6 groups, but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). In conclusion, the implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in the D5 group were all significantly higher than that in the D6 group. The birth weight at D6 was prone to be heavier no matter the birth group, and the sex ratio in the D5 group was higher than that at D6, the difference in neonatal outcomes between the two groups was not statistically significant.
Abrogating ClC-3 Inhibits LPS-induced Inflammation via Blocking the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Xiang Nan-lin , Liu Jun , Liao Yun-jian , Huang You-wei , Wu Zheng , Bai Zhi-quan , Lin Xi , Zhang Jian-hua 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the function of a chloride channel blocker, DIDS. Both in vitro and in vivo studies found that DIDS significantly inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of proin flammatory cytokines. Here, we show that DIDS inhibits LPS-induced inflammation, as shown by downregulation of inflammatory cytokines via inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, we show that ClC-3siRNA transfection reduces LPS-induced pro-inflammation in Raw264.7 cells, indicating that ClC-3 is involved in the inhibitory effect of DIDS during LPS-induced cytokines release. In vivo, DIDS reduced LPS-induced mortality, decreased LPS-induced organic damage and down-regulated LPS-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines. In sum, we demonstrate that ClC-3 is a pro-inflammatory factor and that inhibition of ClC-3 inhibits inflammatory induction both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that ClC-3 is a potential anti-inflammatory target.
Nanoscale electrical properties of epitaxial Cu3Ge film
Authors: Wu Fan , Cai Wei , Gao Jia , Loo Yueh-Lin , Yao Nan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCu3Ge has been pursued as next-generation interconnection/contact material due to its high thermal stability, low bulk resistivity and diffusion barrier property. Improvements in electrical performance and structure of Cu3Ge have attracted great attention in the past decades. Despite the remarkable progress in Cu3Ge fabrication on various substrates by different deposition methods, polycrystalline films with excess Ge were frequently obtained. Moreover, the characterization of nanoscale electrical properties remains challenging. Here we show the fabrication of epitaxial Cu3Ge thin film and its nanoscale electrical properties, which are directly correlated with localized film microstructures and supported by HRTEM observations. The average resistivity and work function of epitaxial Cu3Ge thin film are measured to be 6 ± 1 μΩ cm and ~4.47 ± 0.02 eV respectively, qualifying it as a good alternative to Cu.
Capturing tumor complexity in vitro: Comparative analysis of 2D and 3D tumor models for drug discovery
Authors: Stock Kristin , Estrada Marta F. , Vidic Suzana , Gjerde Kjersti , Rudisch Albin , Santo Vítor E. , Barbier Michaël , Blom Sami , Arundkar Sharath C. , Selvam Irwin , Osswald Annika , Stein Yan , Gruenewald Sylvia , Brito Catarina , van Weerden Wytske , Rotter Varda , Boghaert Erwin , Oren Moshe , Sommergruber Wolfgang , Chong Yolanda , de Hoogt Ronald , Graeser Ralph 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) cell cultures growing on plastic do not recapitulate the three dimensional (3D) architecture and complexity of human tumors. More representative models are required for drug discovery and validation. Here, 2D culture and 3D mono- and stromal co-culture models of increasing complexity have been established and cross-comparisons made using three standard cell carcinoma lines: MCF7, LNCaP, NCI-H1437. Fluorescence-based growth curves, 3D image analysis, immunohistochemistry and treatment responses showed that end points differed according to cell type, stromal co-culture and culture format. The adaptable methodologies described here should guide the choice of appropriate simple and complex in vitro models.