bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential projections of the densocellular and intermediate parts of the hyperpallium in the pigeon (Columba livia)
Authors: Atoji Yasuro , Sarkar Sonjoy , Wild J. Martin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe visual Wulst in birds shows a four‐layered structure: apical part of the hyperpallium (HA), interstitial part of HA (IHA), intercalated part of hyperpallium (HI), and densocellular part of hyperpallium (HD). HD also connects with the hippocampus and olfactory system. Because HD is subjacent to HI, the two have been treated as one structure in many studies, and the fiber connections of HD have been examined by afferents and efferents originating outside HD. However, to clarify the difference between these two layers, they need to be treated separately. In the present study, the fiber connections of HD and HI were analyzed with tract‐tracing techniques using a combination of injections of cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) for retrograde tracing and biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) for anterograde tracing. When the two tracers were bilaterally injected in HD, a major reciprocal connection was seen with the dorsolateral subdivision (DL) of the hippocampal formation. When CTB and BDA were bilaterally injected in HI, strong reciprocal connections were found between HI and HA. Next, projection neurons in HD and HI were examined by double staining for CTB combined with vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2) mRNA in situ hybridization. After CTB was injected in DL or HA, many neurons revealed CTB+/vGluT2+ in HD or HI, respectively. Furthermore, in situ hybridization showed that DL and HA contained neurons expressing various subunits of ionotropic glutamate receptors: AMPA, kainate, and NMDA types. These results suggest that glutamatergic neurons in HD and HI project primarily to DL and HA, respectively.
SybilTrap: A graph‐based semi‐supervised Sybil defense scheme for online social networks
Authors: Al‐Qurishi Muhammad , Rahman Sk Md Mizanur , Alamri Atif , Mostafa Mohamed A. , Al‐Rubaian Majed , Hossain M. Shamim , Gupta B.B. 
Published: September 2017

SummarySybil attacks are increasingly prevalent in online social networks. A malicious user can generate a huge number of fake accounts to produce spam, impersonate other users, commit fraud, and reach many legitimate users. For security reasons, such fake accounts have to be detected and deactivated immediately. Various defense schemes have been proposed to deal with fake accounts. However, most identify fake accounts using only the structure of social graphs, leading to poor performance. In this paper, we propose a new and scalable defense scheme, SybilTrap. SybilTrap uses a semi‐supervised technique that automatically integrates the underlying features of user activities with the social structure into one system. Unlike other machine learning–based approaches, the proposed defense scheme works on unlabeled data, and it is effective in detecting targeted attacks, because it manipulates different levels of features of user profiles. We evaluate SybilTrap on a dataset collected from Twitter. We show that our proposed scheme is able to accurately detect Sybil nodes as well as huge conspiracies among them.
Murine Retrovirally‐Transduced Bone Marrow Engraftment Models of MLL‐Fusion‐Driven Acute Myelogenous Leukemias (AML)
Authors: Stubbs Matthew C. , Krivtsov Andrei V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMLL‐rearranged leukemia represents approximately 5% to 10% of adult acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and nearly half of all infant/pediatric acute leukemia cases. These leukemias have a poor prognosis, and there are no approved therapeutic options. The rearrangement in the MLL gene leads to aberrant expression of MLL‐fusion proteins. These are transforming in murine bone marrow and, in particular, on stem cells and myeloid progenitors derived from bone marrow or fetal liver. The commonality of the MLL fusions is the in‐frame fusion of 8 to 11 N‐terminal exons of MLL1 (KMT2a) with the C‐terminus of a partner fusion gene. Currently, over 80 different fusion partners are known. The protocols detailed in this unit focus on bone marrow–derived models only, using one particular MLL fusion, MLL‐AF9. These models have proven effective for drug screening to predict clinical response. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nitrogen uptake and transfer in a soybean/maize intercropping system in the karst region of southwest China
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zeng Fuping , Zou Zhigang , Zhang Zhenqian , Li Youzhi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNitrogen (N) deficiency occurs in over 80% of karst soil of southwest China, which restricts regional agricultural production. To test whether N fixed by legumes becomes available to nonfixing companion species, N fluxes between soybean and maize under no, partial, and total restriction of root contact were measured on a karst site in southwest China. N content and its transfer between soybean and maize intercrops were explored in a 2‐year plot experiment, with N movement between crops monitored using 15N isotopes. Mesh barrier (30 μm) and no restrictions barrier root separation increased N uptake of maize by 1.28%–3.45% and 3.2%–3.45%, respectively. N uptake by soybean with no restrictions root separation was 1.23 and 1.56 times higher than that by mesh and solid barriers, respectively. In the unrestricted root condition, N transfer from soybean to maize in no restrictions barrier was 2.34–3.02 mg higher than that of mesh barrier. Therefore, it was implied that soybean/maize intercropping could improve N uptake and transfer efficiently in the karst region of southwest China.
Conversion of glucose‐xylose mixtures to pyruvate using a consortium of metabolically engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Maleki Neda , Safari Mohammad , Eiteman Mark A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo strains of Escherichia coli were engineered to accumulate pyruvic acid from two sugars found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates by knockouts in the aceE, ppsA, poxB, and ldhA genes. Additionally, since glucose and xylose are typically consumed sequentially due to carbon catabolite repression in E. coli, one strain (MEC590) was engineered to grow only on glucose while a second strain (MEC589) grew only on xylose. On a single substrate, each strain generated pyruvate at a yield of about 0.60 g/g in both continuous culture and batch culture. In a glucose‐xylose mixture under continuous culture, a consortium of both strains maintained a pyruvate yield greater than 0.60 g/g when three different concentrations of glucose and xylose were sequentially fed into the system. In a fed‐batch process, both sugars in a glucose‐xylose mixture were consumed simultaneously to accumulate 39 g/L pyruvate in less than 24 h at a yield of 0.59 g/g.
Energy‐efficient multigroup communication
Authors: Riker André , Fonseca Carlos M. , Curado Marilia , Monteiro Edmundo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWireless devices are widely used to monitor and control multiple groups within the context of machine‐to‐machine applications. The Constrained Application Protocol provides communication capabilities for applications that demand periodic monitoring of multiple groups. Because of the energy constraints of the devices used, a key challenge is to extend the network lifetime. Data aggregation solutions have been proposed to reduce the amount of network traffic and increase energy efficiency. However, for periodic monitoring of multiple groups, current data aggregation solutions do not exploit the potential of combining multiple payloads in a single message. In addition, solutions in literature are unable to take advantage of the communication interactions that occur when there is traffic originating from different groups. To fill this gap, this paper focuses on a nontraditional data aggregation approach, named two‐tier aggregation, that applies the idea of inserting many payloads in 1 message to efficiently gather data from multiple groups, introducing novelty on how the messages are assembled. An integer linear programming model is proposed to maximize the network lifetime in multiple group scenarios. The proposed formulation guarantees the energy efficiency of two‐tier aggregation and defines an upper bound for the heuristics. The evaluation shows the lifetime upper bound obtained by the proposed integer linear programming model on different network sizes and compares it to state‐of‐the‐art heuristic solutions.
Constructing a long‐term monthly climate data set in central Asia
Authors: Zhou Hang , Aizen Elena , Aizen Vladimir 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWe compiled and merged in situ observation data from several sources, creating a comprehensive unified monthly air temperature and precipitation data set with 457 stations in central Asia (CA). Stations with a valid data rate higher than 80% were selected, and the remaining gaps in selected station time series were filled with an iterative‐principal component analysis (PCA) gap‐filling method. The result is a gap‐filled station data set for the period 1951–2010, with 369 and 381 stations for air temperature and precipitation, respectively. The cross‐validation shows that the iterative‐PCA gap‐filling algorithm provides stable and trustworthy estimations of gaps, with mean root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.03 °C (in the range of 0.01–0.13 °C) for air temperature, and mean RMSE of 0.60 mm (in the range of 0.10–1.99 mm) for precipitation. A gridded data set was created by interpolating the gap‐filled station data set with the geographically weighted regression method. Comparison of the gridded data set with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data set shows that though both data sets present the long‐term mean climate situation similarly, the gridded data set exhibits less annual and monthly variability. And the gridded data set has stronger correlations with stations time series than the reanalysis data set (mean correlations are 0.994 vs 0.975 for air temperature, and 0.787 vs 0.515 for precipitation), especially for precipitation in high mountain stations. The gridded data set is more suitable for climate and hydrological studies in CA, especially in high mountains regions.
A simple method to assess the added value using high‐resolution climate distributions: application to the EURO‐CORDEX daily precipitation
Authors: Soares Pedro M. M. , Cardoso Rita M. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTRegional climate models (RCMs) are used with increasing resolutions seeking to represent in an improved way regional to local‐scale atmospheric phenomena. The EURO‐CORDEX simulations at 0.11° and simulations exploiting finer grid spacing approaching the convective‐permitting regimes are representative examples. These climate runs are computationally very demanding and do not always show improvements, which depend on the region, variable and object of study. The gains or losses associated with the use of higher resolution in relation to the forcing model (global climate model or reanalysis), or to different resolution RCM simulations, are widely known as added value. Its characterization is a long‐standing issue, and many different added‐value measures have been proposed.In the current study, a new method is proposed to assess the added value of finer‐resolution simulations, in comparison to its forcing data or coarser‐resolution counterparts. This approach builds on a probability density function (PDF) matching score, giving a normalized measure of the difference between diverse resolution PDFs, mediated by the observational ones. The distribution added value (DAV) is an objective added‐value measure that can be applied to any variable, region or temporal scale, from hindcast or historical (non‐synchronous) simulations. The DAVs metric and its application to the EURO‐CORDEX hindcast daily precipitation data are presented here. Generally, the EURO‐CORDEX simulations at both resolutions (0.44° and 0.11°) display a clear added value in relation to ERA‐Interim, with maximum values around 30% in summer and 20% in the intermediate seasons. When both RCM resolutions are directly compared, only three of five models (0.11°) show added value, with a maximum of ∼10%. The regions with the larger DAVs are areas where convection is relevant, e.g. Alps and Iberia. When looking at the extreme PDF tail, the higher‐resolution improvement is generally greater than the low resolution for seasons and regions.
Does applying quantile mapping to subsamples improve the bias correction of daily precipitation?
Authors: Reiter Philipp , Gutjahr Oliver , Schefczyk Lukas , Heinemann Günther , Casper Markus 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTQuantile mapping (QM) is routinely applied in many climate change impact studies for the bias correction (BC) of daily precipitation data. It corrects the complete distribution, but does not correct for errors in the annual cycle. Therefore, QM is often applied separately to temporal subsamples of the data (e.g. each calendar month), which reduces the calibration sample size. The question arises whether this sample size reduction negates the benefit from applying QM to temporal subsamples. We applied four QM methods in a cross‐validation approach to 40 years of daily precipitation data from 10 regional climate model (RCM) hindcast runs, without and with (semi‐annual, seasonal, and monthly) subsampling. QM subsampling improved the BC of daily RCM precipitation; less distinct for independent data but considerably for the calibration data. The optimal subsampling timescale for the correction of independent data depended on the chosen QM method and ranged between semi‐annual and monthly. Overall, a sub‐annual QM improves the forcing for climate change impact studies and thus their reliability.
Prioritizing key success factors of software projects using fuzzy AHP
Authors: Yaghoobi Tahere 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe main purpose of most software projects is to build an effective and efficient product that satisfies the user's requirements under constraints of basic available resources. Thus, recognizing the critical features that may affect developing the application could be imperative. In this study, we apply the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to the issue of ordering key success factors (KSFs) for software development projects. To do this, we first simplified the constrained fuzzy AHP method, and then from systematic literature reviews, a preliminary list of potential KSFs that influences software development projects was identified and compiled. Subsequently, on the basis of the criteria of the frequency of citation in previous studies, closely related and similar functionality, the preliminary list was consolidated into a final set of 15 possible KSFs and considered at 4 perspectives of project management, development team, product, and processes. Pairwise comparisons, required by fuzzy AHP method, were done by 22 experienced professional internal stakeholders to determine the preference weights of factors and perspectives in terms of natural language expressions. The results reveal that project management has the highest importance in comparison with other 3 perspectives, and the factor of efficient project management skills/methodologies is the major. The procedure used in this paper is simple and accurate to implement and concludes both relative weights and rankings of alternatives in a fuzzy environment.
A sample carrier for measuring discrete powdered samples with an ITRAX XRF core scanner
Authors: Ohlendorf Christian 
Published: September 2017

The elemental composition of discrete powdered sediment samples can be measured by the energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) system that is installed in XRF core scanners. Because an appropriate sample carrier for powdered samples is currently not available, for example, for the ITRAX XRF core scanner, such a carrier is presented in this technical note. The designed sample carrier can hold 30 sample cups with a volume of 0.88 cm3 each. A maximum of 5 sample carriers, that is, 150 samples, can be measured in one run. The sample cups and carriers are optimized for a measurement procedure with a step size of 5 mm and variable count times up to 100 s per sample. With this setting, data are collected from an area of 100 mm2 in the center of the sample thereby ensuring a good representativeness of the signal because potential sample inhomogeneity is accounted for. Because the described sample carrier system allows rapid element analyses of discrete powdered environmental samples with an XRF core scanner, it may in some cases represent a time‐ and cost‐efficient alternative to conventional XRF analyses.
Comparative Study of Interfacial and Biological Properties in d‐Glycerate‐Derived Surfactants
Authors: Sato Shun , Nagata Shota , Kitamoto Dai , Takahashi Yutaka , Kondo Yukishige , Habe Hiroshi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe effects of hydrophobic chain length on the interfacial and biological properties of diacyl d‐glyceric acid (d‐GA) sodium salts were evaluated based on interfacial tension analyses, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and antitrypsin activity. Of the four synthesized d‐GA‐derived surfactants [dihexanoyl d‐GA sodium salt (diC6GA‐Na), dioctanoyl d‐GA sodium salt (diC8GA‐Na), didecanoyl d‐GA sodium salt (diC10GA‐Na), and dilauroyl d‐GA sodium salt (diC12GA‐Na)], only those with C6, C8, and C10 acyl chains were investigated because diC12GA‐Na were insoluble at room temperature. Together with our previous results, surface tensions at the critical micelle concentration (CMC) were 33.9 mN/m for diC6GA‐Na, 25.5 mN/m for diC8GA‐Na, and 27.9 mN/m for diC10GA‐Na. Evaluation of assembly size via DLS and optical microscopy revealed that diC8GA‐Na and diC10GA‐Na formed large associates with average sizes ranging from 50 to 200 μm at concentrations 4–5 times greater than their CMC, whereas diC6GA‐Na did not form such associates. In tryptic hydrolysis studies using Nα‐benzoyl‐dl‐arginine‐4‐nitroanilide as a substrate, diC8GA‐Na exhibited an inhibitory effect on trypsin (trypsin specific activity: 0.26 ± 0.045 U/mg‐protein) greater than that of diC10GA‐Na (0.39 ± 0.10 U/mg‐protein), whereas diC6GA‐Na did not show antitrypsin activity. These results show that diC8GA‐Na was the most bioactive of the evaluated diacyl d‐glycerate surfactants.
Geographical Differentiation of Greek Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Late‐Harvested Koroneiki Cultivar Fruits
Authors: Kosma Ioanna , Vatavali Kornilia , Kontakos Stavros , Kontominas Michael , Kiritsakis Apostolos , Badeka Anastasia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeventy‐four monovarietal olive oil samples belonging to the Koroneiki cultivar were collected from four selected olive oil‐producing regions of Greece (Messinia, Lakonia, Irakleio and Etoloakarnania), during two harvesting periods (2012/2013 and 2013/2014) at the stage of full maturation (maturation index 5–6). Determination of volatile compounds (VC), fatty acid (FA) composition, total phenolic content (TPC) and color parameters was carried out in an effort to classify Koroneiki olive oil samples according to geographical origin, while conventional quality parameters (CQP) were used to characterize the samples. The analytical data were then subjected to statistical analysis using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The results showed a correct classification rate of 79.7% based on VC analysis, 81.1% based on the combination of VC analysis and FA composition, and 87.8% based on the combination of VC analysis and color parameters.
Mesoporous silica-based nanoplatforms for the delivery of photodynamic therapy agents
Authors: Hong Suk ho , Choi Yongdoo 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established method for the treatment of cancer which utilizes light, a photosensitizer (PS), and oxygen. Unfavourable characteristics of most PSs, such as low solubility and tumour specificity have led many researchers to adopt nanoscale drug delivery platforms for use in PDT. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) form a significant part of that effort, due to their ease and controllability of synthesis, ease of loading, availability of diverse surface functionalization, and biocompatibility. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the properties of MSNs as they pertain to their use in PDT and review the latest advances in the field, comparing the different approaches currently being used.
Brief report: A network analysis of self‐cutting risk among late adolescent girls exposed to dating violence
Authors: Gittins Stone Daniel Ian , DuBois Russell , DeJesus Brett , Rodgers Rachel F. , Rizzo Christie 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTAdolescent self‐directed violence (SDV) is a major public health concern. Adolescent girls exposed to dating violence (DV) are a particularly vulnerable group. Numerous studies have examined the number and type of SDV risk factors, but few examined global patterns of relationships among them. Exploring global patterns of risk is crucial to developing targeted prevention efforts. In this study we applied a network model to identify risk patterns for a common form of SDV, self‐cutting, among American adolescent girls (N = 109) with history of DV. Risk factor networks were compared among girls who did/did not endorse lifetime self‐cutting. Girls with a history of self‐cutting (19%) had a risk factor network characterized by a higher number of associations than girls who did not (test statistic = 0.142; 95% CI = 02‐.03). For these girls, the experience of one risk factor is more likely to co‐occur with multiple others, thereby potentially compounding effects and unwanted consequences.
The Health-Security Nexus and the European Union: Toward a Research Agenda
Authors: DIJKSTRA Hylke , DE RUIJTER Anniek 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe European Union is increasingly moving toward an integrated policy approach, which also acknowledges linkages between public health and (external) security policy. This introduction to the Special Issue sets out a research agenda on the emerging health-security nexus. It analyses recent policy developments with respect to the public health and security, and discusses interactions along the health-security nexus in the context of the European Union. It suggests drivers behind the integrated approach and it critically examines the health-security nexus from the perspective of effectiveness and legitimacy.
Signatures of quantum effects on radiation reaction in laser–electron-beam collisions
Authors: Ridgers C. P. , Blackburn T. G. , Del Sorbo D. , Bradley L. E. , Slade-Lowther C. , Baird C. D. , Mangles S. P. D. , McKenna P. , Marklund M. , Murphy C. D. , Thomas A. G. R. 
Published: September 2017

Two signatures of quantum effects on radiation reaction in the collision of a ${\sim}$GeV electron beam with a high intensity (${>}3\times 10^{20}~\text{W}~\text{cm}^{-2}$) laser pulse have been considered. We show that the decrease in the average energy of the electron beam may be used to measure the Gaunt factor $g$ for synchrotron emission. We derive an equation for the evolution of the variance in the energy of the electron beam in the quantum regime, i.e. quantum efficiency parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}\not \ll 1$. We show that the evolution of the variance may be used as a direct measure of the quantum stochasticity of the radiation reaction and determine the parameter regime where this is observable. For example, stochastic emission results in a 25 % increase in the standard deviation of the energy spectrum of a GeV electron beam, 1 fs after it collides with a laser pulse of intensity $10^{21}~\text{W}~\text{cm}^{-2}$. This effect should therefore be measurable using current high-intensity laser systems.