bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Major Advance in the Synthesis of Fluoroalkyl Pyrazoles: Tuneable Regioselectivity and Broad Substitution Patterns
Authors: Schmitt Etienne , Panossian Armen , Vors Jean‐Pierre , Funke Christian , Lui Norbert , Pazenok Sergiy , Leroux Frédéric R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA novel approach towards highly functionalized fluoroalkyl pyrazoles was developed by using fluoroalkyl amino reagents in combination with a variety of fluorinated ketimines. Tuneable introduction of fluoroalkyl groups in the 3‐ and 5‐positions was possible by using vinamidinium intermediates or the corresponding enamino ketones after hydrolysis. These high‐value building blocks can give rise to a large number of analogues for bioactivity screening and discovering new heterocyclic bioactive ingredients in various life science fields.
Fluorescent PEGulated Oligourethane Nanoparticles for Long‐Term Cellular Tracing
Authors: Mondal Tathagata , Sarkar Jayita , Ghosh Suhrit 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe have introduced a new ABA‐type amphiphilic block copolymer consisting of functional oligourethane hydrophobic blocks and two polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrophilic blocks. The polymer was synthesized in a single step by step‐growth polymerization between two monomers, namely tetraphenylethylene (TPE)‐diol and hexamehylene di‐isocyanate in the presence of a monofunctional impurity PEG‐2000. The polymer exhibits facile self‐assembly in water by synergistic effects of H‐bonding and π–π interaction among the oligourethane core, leading to the formation of robust nanoparticles with remarkable aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). These nanoparticles show very low critical aggregation concentration, stability over a large pH window, and excellent biocompatibility as revealed by an MTT assay. Cellular imaging with cancer cells showed facile cellular uptake and, more importantly, retention of AIE in cellular milieu for long times, which was successfully utilized for long‐term cancer cell tracking.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Chemoselective and Biocompatible Functionalization of Cysteine‐Containing Molecules at Room Temperature
Authors: Al‐Shuaeeb Riyadh Ahmed Atto , Kolodych Sergii , Koniev Oleksandr , Delacroix Sébastien , Erb Stéphane , Nicolaÿ Stéphanie , Cintrat Jean‐Christophe , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Cianférani Sarah , Alami Mouâd , Wagner Alain , Messaoudi Samir 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe third generation of aminobiphenyl palladacycle pre‐catalyst “G3‐Xantphos” enables functionalization of peptides containing cysteine in high yields. The conjugation (bioconjugation) occurs chemoselectively at room temperature under biocompatible conditions. Extension of the method to protein functionalization allows selective bioconjugation of the trastuzumab antibody.
Azomethine Ylides from Nitrones: Using Catalytic nBuLi for the Totally Stereoselective Synthesis of trans‐2‐Alkyl‐3‐oxazolines
Authors: Juste‐Navarro Veronica , Delso Ignacio , Tejero Tomás , Merino Pedro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of P. Merino at the University of Zaragoza. The image depicts the central role of the lithium ion, the (auto)catalytic effect of water, the initiation by a substoichiometric amount of n‐butyllithium, and conversion of reactants to product. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201602159.
SERVmegh: framework for green cloud
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Sharma Anju , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWith the growing popularity of cloud computing, different infrastructure as a service cloud frameworks do exists. Each framework has significant impact on robustness, scalability, fault‐tolerance, energy efficiency, and so on of the cloud. To bring good characteristics of open source clouds and commercial clouds under a roof, a six layered green cloud framework namely SERVmegh is proposed. Resource management, green power management, workload analyzer and manager, and on/off control components of SERVmegh framework are designed and developed. Energy‐efficient resource wastage reduction methodology for resource management is proposed. Algorithms for resource management, virtual machine placement, and minimization of virtual machine migrations using resource wastage reduction methodology are implemented. The performance of proposed algorithms is evaluated in CloudSim simulation and OpenNubula open source cloud environment. The results depict significant energy savings under different scenarios. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TheUS‐EUTransatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: Should It Leave a Door Open for Non‐Legal Arbitrators?
Authors: Fach Gómez Katia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article reflects on the suitability of including non‐legal arbitrators in certain investment arbitrations. It presents different mechanisms that have been used in the investment arbitration context to aid legal arbitrators with scientific‐technical issues and contemplates the drawbacks of this external competence. After analyzing various sectors in which non‐legal experts provide internal competence (international inspection boards, specialized national courts, commercial arbitration tribunals, and inter‐state arbitration tribunals), the article concludes that incorporating arbitrators with scientific‐technical competence into international investment tribunals on anad casumbasis may not be such a far‐fetched idea. Finally, variousde lege ferendaproposals that would achieve the common goal of not barring non‐legal “judges” from the futureUS‐EUinvestment court are put forward.
Two‐Step Physical Deposition of a Compact CuI Hole‐Transport Layer and the Formation of an Interfacial Species in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gharibzadeh Saba , Nejand Bahram Abdollahi , Moshaii Ahmad , Mohammadian Nasim , Alizadeh Amir Hossein , Mohammadpour Rahele , Ahmadi Vahid , Alizadeh Abdolali 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA simple and practical approach is introduced for the deposition of CuI as an inexpensive inorganic hole‐transport material (HTM) for the fabrication of low cost perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by gas–solid phase transformation of Cu to CuI. The method provides a uniform and well‐controlled CuI layer with large grains and good compactness that prevents the direct connection between the contact electrodes. Solar cells prepared with CuI as the HTM with Au electrodes displays an exceptionally high short‐circuit current density of 32 mA cm−2, owing to an interfacial species formed between the perovskite and the Cu resulting in a long wavelength contribution to the incident photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency (IPCE), and an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.4 %. The growth of crystalline and uniform CuI on a low roughness perovskite layer leads to remarkably high charge extraction in the cells, which originates from the high hole mobility of CuI in addition to a large number of contact points between CuI and the perovskite layer. In addition, the solvent‐free method has no damaging side effect on the perovskite layer, which makes it an appropriate method for large scale applications of CuI in perovskite solar cells.
Diagnosis of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders by flow cytometry using four‐color combinations for immunophenotyping: A proposal of the brazilian group of flow cytometry (GBCFLUX)
Authors: Sales M. M. , Ferreira S. I. A. C. P. , Ikoma M. R. V. , Sandes A. F. , Beltrame M. P. , Bacal N. S. , Silva M. C. A. , Malvezzi M. , Lorand‐Metze I. G. H. , Orfao A. , Yamamoto M. ,   on behalf of GBCFLUX
Published: June 2016

BackgroundMultiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of hematological malignancies and has been useful for the classification of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (CLPD) according to the WHO criteria. Following the purposes of the Brazilian Group of Flow Cytometry (GBCFLUX), the aim of this report was to standardize the minimum requirements to achieve an accurate diagnosis in CLPDs, considering the different economic possibilities of the laboratories in our country. Most laboratories in Brazil work with 4‐fluorescence flow cytometers, which is why the GBCFLUX CLPD Committee has proposed 4‐color monoclonal antibody (MoAb) panels.Methods/ResultsPanels for screening and diagnosis in B, T and NK lymphoproliferative disorders were developed based on the normal differentiation pathways of these cells and the most frequent phenotypic aberrations. Important markers for prognosis and for minimal residual disease (MRD) evaluation were also included. The MoAb panels presented here were designed based on the diagnostic expertise of the participating laboratories and an extensive literature review.ConclusionThe 4‐color panels presented to aid in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative neoplasms by GBCFLUX aim to provide clinical laboratories with a systematic, step‐wise, cost‐effective, and reproducible approach to obtain an accurate immunophenotypic diagnosis of the most frequent of these disorders. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
High dissimilarity within a multiyear annual record of pollen assemblages from a North American tallgrass prairie
Authors: Commerford Julie L. , McLauchlan Kendra K. , Minckley Thomas A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGrassland vegetation varies in composition across North America and has been historically influenced by multiple biotic and abiotic drivers, including fire, herbivory, and topography. Yet, the amount of temporal and spatial variability exhibited among grassland pollen assemblages, and the influence of these biotic and abiotic drivers on pollen assemblage composition and diversity has been relatively understudied. Here, we examine 4 years of modern pollen assemblages collected from a series of 28 traps at the Konza Prairie Long‐Term Ecological Research Area in the Flint Hills of Kansas, with the aim of evaluating the influence of these drivers, as well as quantifying the amount of spatial and temporal variability in the pollen signatures of the tallgrass prairie biome. We include all terrestrial pollen taxa in our analyses while calculating four summative metrics of pollen diversity and composition – beta‐diversity, Shannon index, nonarboreal pollen percentage, and Ambrosia:Artemisia – and find different roles of fire, herbivory, and topography variables in relation to these pollen metrics. In addition, we find significant annual differences in the means of three of these metrics, particularly the year 2013 which experienced high precipitation relative to the other 3 years of data. To quantify spatial and temporal dissimilarity among the samples over the 4‐year study, we calculate pairwise squared‐chord distances (SCD). The SCD values indicate higher compositional dissimilarity across the traps (0.38 mean) among all years than within a single trap from year to year (0.31 mean), suggesting that grassland vegetation can have different pollen signatures across finely sampled space and time, and emphasizing the need for additional long‐term annual monitoring of grassland pollen.
System‐justifying behaviors: When feeling dependent on a system triggers gender stereotype‐consistent academic performance
Authors: Bonnot Virginie , Krauth‐Gruber Silvia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBased on system‐justification theory, we hypothesized that men and women would perform in accordance with gender stereotypes mainly when justification of the system is necessary. In this research, system‐justification motivation was triggered using a system‐dependency manipulation. Study 1 shows that when feeling highly (vs. less) dependent on the system, people endorsed system‐justifying beliefs more. In Study 2, men performed better in math than in verbal domains, while women showed the reverse pattern, but only when they felt highly dependent on the system. Similar results were obtained on performance self‐evaluation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Applications of Mercury Electrodes for Monitoring of Pesticides: A Critical Review
Authors: Gajdar Julius , Horakova Eva , Barek Jiri , Fischer Jan , Vyskocil Vlastimil 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis critical review deals with possibilities and limitations of mercury electrodes in the field of voltammetric and amperometric determination of submicromolar concentrations of various electrochemically reducible pesticides. Attention is mostly focused on the last 10 years to show that even now mercury based electrodes are unsurpassed sensors for this purpose.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Determination of Heterogeneous Electron Transfer and Homogeneous Association and Comproportionation Rate Constants of Anthrarufin
Authors: Ekanayake Chandima B. , Zoski Cynthia G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report the use of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in determining the heterogeneous electron transfer and homogeneous association and comproportionation kinetics of anthrarufin (HQ) in acetonitrile at a Pt tip UME (radius 12.5 µm). HQ undergoes two consecutive one‐electron reductions with comproportionation occurring between HQ2−, the product of the second reduction, and bulk HQ to produce HQ− and association occurring between HQ− and bulk HQ to produce an electroinactive species. Standard rate constants, k10=5.1±0.4 cm/s, for the first reduction, and a comparatively smaller rate constant, k20=0.37±0.03 cm/s, for the second reduction, were determined by tip voltammetry over a large Pt substrate. An association rate constant, kassoc=2.9×102 M−1 s−1, was determined using positive feedback approach curves over co‐axially aligned tip and substrate UMEs of the same radius. A comproportionation rate constant, kcomp=7.1×101 M−1 s−1, was determined in the presence of the association reaction by tip pulse chronoamperometry at the same co‐axially aligned tip and substrate UMEs. Diffusion coefficients of the HQ species and standard potentials for the reductions were also determined. Experimental results were compared with 2D transient axisymmetric simulations.
MoxC/CNT Composites as Active Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction under Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Yang Fengkai , Sliozberg Kirill , Antoni Hendrik , Xia Wei , Muhler Martin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLow‐cost electrocatalysts based on highly dispersed molybdenum carbide supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were developed for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The synthesis of MoxC/CNT was achieved by impregnation using ammonium heptamolybdate followed by a thermal treatment at 700 °C in CH4/H2, H2 or N2. The composites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. β‐Mo2C was the main Mo carbide phase generated in N2 or H2, whereas α‐MoC was the dominant phase formed in CH4/H2. All the MoxC/CNT composites were catalytically active in the HER under alkaline conditions. The catalyst pretreated in pure H2 exhibited the highest HER activity, which was found to correlate with a higher amount of Mo2C, a higher total Mo content and a higher Mo surface concentration compared with the other two less active samples. Amorphous carbon on the surface seems to play an important role in limiting the HER performance of the Mo carbide catalysts, and the treatment in H2 removed it most effectively leading to high HER activity.
Exploring Collective Substituent Effects: Dependence of the Lifetime of Charged States of Au25(SCnH2n+1)18 Nanoclusters on the Length of the Thiolate Ligands
Authors: Antonello Sabrina , Dainese Tiziano , Maran Flavio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractElectrochemical methods have been often successfully employed to study substituent effects, a field pioneered by Petr Zuman. Here we used cyclic voltammetry to explore a new dimension of the effect of substituents on the lifetime of electrogenerated species. 18 thiolate ligands were collectively changed in molecular Au25(SCnH2n+1)18 nanoclusters by changing the number of carbon atoms forming the alkanethiolate linear chains: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12. Whereas on the voltammetric timescale the −1, 0, and +1 charge state of Au25 clusters are stable, formation of the −2 and +2 states causes fragmentation of the cluster. Voltammetric analysis indicates that the former entails reactions involving ligands in the Au12(SCnH2n+1)18 protecting shell, whereas the latter is accompanied by a slower but also more substantial fragmentation affecting the integrity of the central Au13 core. Whereas the lifetime of the dianion is ca. 3 ms and virtually unaffected by the length of the thiolate substituent, the lifetime of the dication increases from 0.11 to 5 s as the alkanethiolate chains are made longer. This difference in behavior is explained by the different effect exerted on the two types of fragmentation by the structure of the protecting monolayer.
Wastewater treatment in pilot‐scale microbial fuel cell using multielectrode assembly with ceramic separator suitable for field applications
Authors: Ghadge Anil N. , Jadhav Dipak A. , Ghangrekar Makarand M. 
Published: June 2016

Performance of 45 L pilot scale microbial fuel cell (MFC) made from glass fiber‐reinforced plastic and ceramic‐separators (CS) with multiple electrode assembly was evaluated. Study on effect of external resistance (Rext) varying from 100 to 3 Ω revealed that maximum power (Pmax) of 14.28 mW (37.8 mA current) with chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 84 ± 5.1% was observed at Rext of 10 Ω. While evaluating influence of organic loading rate (OLR) from 0.75 to 8 g COD L−1d−1, the MFC showed Pmax of 17.63 mW (42 mA current) and COD removal of 69 ± 5.1% at OLR of 4.5 g COD L−1d−1. Internal resistance (Rint) of 12.4 Ω observed is among the least value reported in literature for larger MFCs. Simplicity in design, ease of fabrication, lower Rint, longevity and low cost CS, which can withstand more hydraulic pressure than polymeric membranes, are the advantages that this MFC offers to make it suitable for field applications. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1809–1817, 2016
Property of intrinsic flame retardant epoxy resin cured by functional magnesium organic composite salt and diethylenetriamine
Authors: Gao Chengyong , Wang Lei , Lei Ziqiang , Yang Li , Xu Xiaohuan , Guo Xing 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAn efficient intrinsic flame retardants composite was prepared by curing epoxy resin with a functional magnesium organic composite salt (FMOCS, 0.685 ± 0.3 nm) and diethylenetriamine (DETA). Curing behavior, thermal and flame‐retardant properties of the cured epoxy resins were systematically investigated by infrared spectrum (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vertical burning test (UL‐94) and limited oxygen index (LOI) measurement. It was found that flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the cured composite are significantly enhanced compared with DETA/EP. The LOI of the EP reached to 33%, which is much higher than the DETA/EP (19%) or its IFR composite (31%) in the optimal addition of ammonium polyphosphate (APP, 18.69 wt %), pentaerythritol (PER, 6.21 wt %) and FMOCS (3.50 wt %). Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the composite material measurement results to imply that it can enhance tensile strength (150%) and bending strength (88%) rather than DETA/EP, which were tested by impact testing machine and microcomputer control electron universal testing machines. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disciplinary Literacy and Inquiry: Teaching for Deeper Content Learning
Authors: Spires Hiller A. , Kerkhoff Shea N. , Graham Abbey C.K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDisciplinary literacy is gaining momentum as an approach to adolescent literacy. Believing that a key aspect of disciplinary literacy is knowledge construction, the authors introduce a model for relating disciplinary literacy with project‐based inquiry. Rather than merely exploring topics during inquiry, students use practices of a discipline to understand claims and evidences and to create new knowledge. The aim is that students will engage in authentic, intellectually challenging work so their products will have value within and outside of school. The model proposes to help teachers create an instructional path for deeper learning within the disciplines.
Testing for Predictability in panels with General Predictors
Authors: Westerlund Joakim , Karabiyik Hande , Narayan Paresh 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe difficulty of predicting returns has recently motivated researchers to start looking for tests that are either more powerful or robust to more features of the data. Unfortunately, the way that these tests work typically involves trading robustness for power or vice versa. The current paper takes this as its starting point to develop a new panel‐based approach to predictability that is both robust and powerful. Specifically, while the panel route to increased power is not new, the way in which the cross‐section variation is exploited also to achieve robustness with respect to the predictor is. The result is two new tests that enable asymptotically standard normal and chi‐squared inference across a wide range of empirically relevant scenarios in which the predictor may be stationary, moderately non‐stationary, nearly non‐stationary, or indeed unit root non‐stationary. The type of cross‐section dependence that can be permitted in the predictor is also very general, and can be weak or strong, although we do require that the cross‐section dependence in the regression errors is of the strong form. What is more, this generality comes at no cost in terms of complicated test construction. The new tests are therefore very user‐friendly. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a Liquid‐liquid Extraction System for Rhodium(III) by 2‐octylaminopyridine from Weak Malonate Media
Authors: Suryavanshi Vishal J. , Patil Makrand M. , Kokare Arjun N. , Zanje Sunil B. , Pawar Rupali R. , Anuse Mansing A. , Mulik Ganpatrao N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe have developed the extraction method of rhodium(III) from malonate media with 2‐octylaminopyridine (2‐OAP) in xylene at pH 8.0. The quantitative extraction of rhodium(III) with extractant was found by screening of different physicochemical parameters like malonate concentration, extractant concentration, pH, diluents, effect of temperature, aq: org phase ratio, loading capacity of 2‐OAP. The optimum condition was malonate=0.025 M, pH=8.0, 2‐OAP=0.05 M in xylene. The complete stripping of rhodium(III) from the loaded organic phase was carried out with 2 M HCl. Log‐log plot was investigated to determine the stoichiometry of the extracted species and it was found to be 1 : 2 : 1 (metal : acid :extractant). The versatility of the proposed method was checked for extraction and separation of rhodium(III) from binary, ternary mixture of associated metal ions as well as platinum group metals and from the synthetic solution of rhodium minerals and alloys.
Decompositions of Graphs into Fans and Single Edges
Authors: Liu Henry , Sousa Teresa 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGiven two graphs G and H, an H‐decomposition of G is a partition of the edge set of G such that each part is either a single edge or forms a graph isomorphic to H. Let be the smallest number ϕ such that any graph G of order n admits an H‐decomposition with at most ϕ parts. Pikhurko and Sousa conjectured that for and all sufficiently large n, where denotes the maximum number of edges in a graph on n vertices not containing H as a subgraph. Their conjecture has been verified by Özkahya and Person for all edge‐critical graphs H. In this article, the conjecture is verified for the k‐fan graph. The k‐fan graph, denoted by , is the graph on vertices consisting of k triangles that intersect in exactly one common vertex called the center of the k‐fan.