bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ramsey's Cognitivism: Truth, Ethics and the Meaning of Life
Authors: Misak Cheryl 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFrank Ramsey is usually taken to be an emotivist or an expressivist about the good: he is usually taken to bifurcate inquiry into fact-stating and non-fact stating domains, ethics falling into the latter. In this paper I shall argue that whatever the very young Ramsey's view might have been, towards the end of his short life, he was coming to a through-going and objective pragmatism about all our beliefs, including those about the good, beauty, and even the meaning of life. Ethical beliefs are not mere expressions of emotion, but rather fall under our cognitive scope. They can be assessed as rational or irrational, true or false.
Why Hegel Now (Again) – and in What Form?
Authors: Stern Robert 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper considers the prospects for the current revival of interest in Hegel, and the direction it might take. Looking back to Richard J. Bernstein's paper from 1977, on ‘Why Hegel Now?’, it contrasts his optimistic assessment of a rapprochement between Hegel and analytic philosophy with Sebastian Gardner's more pessimistic view, where Gardner argues that Hegel's idealist account of value makes any such rapprochement impossible. The paper explores Hegel's account of value further, arguing for a middle way between these extremes of optimism and pessimism, proposing an Aristotelian reading which is more metaphysical than Bernstein recognizes, but not as at odds with thinking in current analytic philosophy as Gardner suggests, as it finds a counterpart in the work of Philippa Foot, Michael Thompson, Rosalind Hursthouse and others.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Ministry of Food cooking programme on self-reported food consumption and confidence with cooking
Authors: Hutchinson Jayne , Watt Jennifer F , Strachan Emma K , Cade Janet E 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of the Ministry of Food (MoF) cooking programme on self-reported food consumption and confidence with cooking.DesignA quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the MoF 8-week cooking course, using a pre-test/post-test study. Pre, post and 6-month follow-up quantitative outcomes were measured using self-administered questionnaires to record number of portions of fruit and vegetables (F&V) consumed per day, number of snacks consumed per day and participants’ cooking confidence levels (highest score of 5). Qualitative evaluations were undertaken using structured telephone interviews.SettingMoF centre in Leeds Kirkgate Market, UK.SubjectsAdults (n795, 43 % male) on MoF courses from 2010 to 2014, 462 of whom completed questionnaires at all three time points.ResultsSix months after the course, self-reported F&V intake increased significantly by 1·5 (95 % CI 1·3, 1·6,P<0·001) portions per day to 4·1 (95 % CI 4·0, 4·3). The number of snacks reported decreased significantly over the same period by −0·9 (CI−1·0, −0·8,P<0·001) snacks per day. Cooking confidence increased over the same period by 1·7 (95 % CI 1·6, 1·9,P<0·001) to 4·4 (CI 4·4, 4·5). Age and disability, but not deprivation or ethnicity, were associated with changes in self-reported F&V intake and cooking confidence scores at 6 months; and gender with the latter outcome. Qualitative results supported quantitative findings and revealed specific beneficial gains in cooking skills/preparation, nutritional awareness, food purchasing and other social benefits.ConclusionsMoF community-based cooking interventions can have significant positive effects on dietary behaviour, food choice and cooking confidence.
Predicting educational achievement from DNA
Authors: Selzam S , Krapohl E , von Stumm S , O'Reilly P F , Rimfeld K , Kovas Y , Dale P S , Lee J J , Plomin R 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA genome-wide polygenic score (GPS), derived from a 2013 genome-wide association study (N=127,000), explained 2% of the variance in total years of education (EduYears). In a follow-up study (N=329,000), a newEduYearsGPS explains up to 4%. Here, we tested the association between this latestEduYearsGPS and educational achievement scores at ages 7, 12 and 16 in an independent sample of 5825 UK individuals. We found thatEduYearsGPS explained greater amounts of variance in educational achievement over time, up to 9% at age 16, accounting for 15% of the heritable variance. This is the strongest GPS prediction to date for quantitative behavioral traits. Individuals in the highest and lowest GPS septiles differed by a whole school grade at age 16. Furthermore,EduYearsGPS was associated with general cognitive ability (~3.5%) and family socioeconomic status (~7%). There was no evidence of an interaction betweenEduYearsGPS and family socioeconomic status on educational achievement or on general cognitive ability. These results are a harbinger of future widespread use of GPS to predict genetic risk and resilience in the social and behavioral sciences.
Magnetic ground state of FeSe
Authors: Wang Qisi , Shen Yao , Pan Bingying , Zhang Xiaowen , Ikeuchi K. , Iida K. , Christianson A. D. , Walker H. C. , Adroja D. T. , Abdel-Hafiez M. , Chen Xiaojia , Chareev D. A. , Vasiliev A. N. , Zhao Jun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractElucidating the nature of the magnetism of a high-temperature superconductor is crucial for establishing its pairing mechanism. The parent compounds of the cuprate and iron-pnictide superconductors exhibit Néel and stripe magnetic order, respectively. However, FeSe, the structurally simplest iron-based superconductor, shows nematic order (Ts=90 K), but not magnetic order in the parent phase, and its magnetic ground state is intensely debated. Here we report inelastic neutron-scattering experiments that reveal both stripe and Néel spin fluctuations over a wide energy range at 110 K. On entering the nematic phase, a substantial amount of spectral weight is transferred from the Néel to the stripe spin fluctuations. Moreover, the total fluctuating magnetic moment of FeSe is ∼60% larger than that in the iron pnictide BaFe2As2. Our results suggest that FeSe is a novel S=1 nematic quantum-disordered paramagnet interpolating between the Néel and stripe magnetic instabilities.
LRRK2 regulates retrograde synaptic compensation at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction
Authors: Penney Jay , Tsurudome Kazuya , Liao Edward H. , Kauwe Grant , Gray Lindsay , Yanagiya Akiko , R. Calderon Mario , Sonenberg Nahum , Haghighi A. Pejmun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractParkinson’s disease gene leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has been implicated in a number of processes including the regulation of mitochondrial function, autophagy and endocytic dynamics; nevertheless, we know little about its potential role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Here we demonstrate that postsynaptic knockdown of the fly homologue of LRRK2 thwarts retrograde, homeostatic synaptic compensation at the larval neuromuscular junction. Conversely, postsynaptic overexpression of either the fly or human LRRK2 transgene induces a retrograde enhancement of presynaptic neurotransmitter release by increasing the size of the release ready pool of vesicles. We show that LRRK2 promotes cap-dependent translation and identify Furin 1 as its translational target, which is required for the synaptic function of LRRK2. As the regulation of synaptic homeostasis plays a fundamental role in ensuring normal and stable synaptic function, our findings suggest that aberrant function of LRRK2 may lead to destabilization of neural circuits.
Accurate spike estimation from noisy calcium signals for ultrafast three-dimensional imaging of large neuronal populations in vivo
Authors: Deneux Thomas , Kaszas Attila , Szalay Gergely , Katona Gergely , Lakner Tamás , Grinvald Amiram , Rózsa Balázs , Vanzetta Ivo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExtracting neuronal spiking activity from large-scale two-photon recordings remains challenging, especially in mammals in vivo, where large noises often contaminate the signals. We propose a method, MLspike, which returns the most likely spike train underlying the measured calcium fluorescence. It relies on a physiological model including baseline fluctuations and distinct nonlinearities for synthetic and genetically encoded indicators. Model parameters can be either provided by the user or estimated from the data themselves. MLspike is computationally efficient thanks to its original discretization of probability representations; moreover, it can also return spike probabilities or samples. Benchmarked on extensive simulations and real data from seven different preparations, it outperformed state-of-the-art algorithms. Combined with the finding obtained from systematic data investigation (noise level, spiking rate and so on) that photonic noise is not necessarily the main limiting factor, our method allows spike extraction from large-scale recordings, as demonstrated on acousto-optical three-dimensional recordings of over 1,000 neurons in vivo.
Electron spin control of optically levitated nanodiamonds in vacuum
Authors: Hoang Thai M. , Ahn Jonghoon , Bang Jaehoon , Li Tongcang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractElectron spins of diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres are important quantum resources for nanoscale sensing and quantum information. Combining NV spins with levitated optomechanical resonators will provide a hybrid quantum system for novel applications. Here we optically levitate a nanodiamond and demonstrate electron spin control of its built-in NV centres in low vacuum. We observe that the strength of electron spin resonance (ESR) is enhanced when the air pressure is reduced. To better understand this system, we investigate the effects of trap power and measure the absolute internal temperature of levitated nanodiamonds with ESR after calibration of the strain effect. We also observe that oxygen and helium gases have different effects on both the photoluminescence and the ESR contrast of nanodiamond NV centres, indicating potential applications of NV centres in oxygen gas sensing. Our results pave the way towards a levitated spin–optomechanical system for studying macroscopic quantum mechanics.
Cognitive neuroepigenetics: the next evolution in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory?
Authors: Marshall Paul , Bredy Timothy W 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA complete understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of learning and memory continues to elude neuroscientists. Although many important discoveries have been made, the question of how memories are encoded and maintained at the molecular level remains. So far, this issue has been framed within the context of one of the most dominant concepts in molecular biology, the central dogma, and the result has been a protein-centric view of memory. Here, we discuss the evidence supporting a role for neuroepigenetic mechanisms, which constitute dynamic and reversible, state-dependent modifications at all levels of control over cellular function, and their role in learning and memory. This neuroepigenetic view suggests that DNA, RNA and protein each influence one another to produce a holistic cellular state that contributes to the formation and maintenance of memory, and predicts a parallel and distributed system for the consolidation, storage and retrieval of the engram.
Thermodynamics and historical relevance of a jetting thermometer made of Chinese zisha ceramic
Authors: Lee Vincent , Attinger Daniel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFollowing a recent trend of scientific studies on artwork, we study here the thermodynamics of a thermometer made of zisha ceramic, related to the Chinese tea culture. The thermometer represents a boy who “urinates” shortly after hot water is poured onto his head. Long jetting distance is said to indicate that the water temperature is hot enough to brew tea. Here, a thermodynamic model describes the jetting phenomenon of that pee-pee boy. The study demonstrates how thermal expansion of an interior air pocket causes jetting. A thermodynamic potential is shown to define maximum jetting velocity. Seven optimization criteria to maximize jetting distance are provided, including two dimensionless numbers. Predicted jetting distances, jet durations, and temperatures agree very well with infrared and optical measurements. Specifically, the study confirms that jetting distances are sensitive enough to measure water temperature in the context of tea brewing. Optimization results show that longer jets are produced by large individuals, with low body mass index, with a boyhood of medium size inclined at an angle π/4. The study ends by considering the possibility that ceramic jetting artifacts like the pee-pee boy might have been the first thermometers known to mankind, before Galileo Galilei’s thermoscope.
FishMORPH - An agent-based model to predict salmonid growth and distribution responses under natural and low flows
Authors: Phang S. C. , Stillman R. A. , Cucherousset J. , Britton J. R. , Roberts D. , Beaumont W. R. C. , Gozlan R. E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPredicting fish responses to modified flow regimes is becoming central to fisheries management. In this study we present an agent-based model (ABM) to predict the growth and distribution of young-of-the-year (YOY) and one-year-old (1+) Atlantic salmon and brown trout in response to flow change during summer. A field study of a real population during both natural and low flow conditions provided the simulation environment and validation patterns. Virtual fish were realistic both in terms of bioenergetics and feeding. We tested alternative movement rules to replicate observed patterns of body mass, growth rates, stretch distribution and patch occupancy patterns. Notably, there was no calibration of the model. Virtual fish prioritising consumption rates before predator avoidance replicated observed growth and distribution patterns better than a purely maximising consumption rule. Stream conditions of low predation and harsh winters provide ecological justification for the selection of this behaviour during summer months. Overall, the model was able to predict distribution and growth patterns well across both natural and low flow regimes. The model can be used to support management of salmonids by predicting population responses to predicted flow impacts and associated habitat change.
Maintenance of the functional integrity of mouse hematopoiesis by EED and promotion of leukemogenesis by EED haploinsufficiency
Authors: Ikeda Kenichiro , Ueda Takeshi , Yamasaki Norimasa , Nakata Yuichiro , Sera Yasuyuki , Nagamachi Akiko , Miyama Takahiko , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Takubo Keiyo , Kanai Akinori , Oda Hideaki , Wolff Linda , Honda Zen-ichiro , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Matsubara Akio , Suda Toshio , Inaba Toshiya , Honda Hiroaki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPolycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) participates in transcriptional repression through methylation of histone H3K27. The WD-repeat protein embryonic ectoderm development (EED) is a non-catalytic but an essential component of PRC2 and its mutations were identified in hematopoietic malignancies. To clarify the role(s) of EED in adult hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, we generated Eed conditional knockout (EedΔ/Δ) mice. EedΔ/Δ mice died in a short period with rapid decrease of hematopoietic cells. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) were markedly decreased with impaired bone marrow (BM) repopulation ability. Cell cycle analysis of HSPCs demonstrated increased S-phase fraction coupled with suppressed G0/G1 entry. Genes encoding cell adhesion molecules are significantly enriched in EedΔ/Δ HSPCs and consistently, EedΔ/Δ HSPCs exhibited increased attachment to a major extracellular matrix component, fibronectin. Thus, EED deficiency increases proliferation on one side but promotes quiescence possibly by enhanced adhesion to the hematopoietic niche on the other and these conflicting events would lead to abnormal differentiation and functional defect of EedΔ/Δ HSPCs. In addition, Eed haploinsufficiency induced hematopoietic dysplasia and Eed heterozygous mice were susceptible to malignant transformation and developed leukemia in cooperation with Evi1 overexpression. Our results demonstrated differentiation stage-specific and dose-dependent roles of EED in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis.
Initiation of programmed cell death in the suspensor is predominantly regulated maternally in a tobacco hybrid
Authors: Luo An , Zhao Peng , Zhang Li-Yao , Sun Meng-Xiang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMaternal gene products deposited in the egg regulate early embryogenesis before activation of the embryonic genome in animals. While in higher plants, it is believed that genes of parental origin contribute to early embryogenesis. However, little is known regarding the particular processes in which genes of parental origin are involved during early embryogenesis. Previously, we found that the initiation of programmed cell death (PCD) in the suspensor of the embryo is regulated by the cystatin, NtCYS. Here, we confirmed that both parental transcripts contribute to PCD, but the relative expression level of the maternal NtCYS allele was much higher than that of the paternal allele in early embryos of tobacco interspecific hybrids. The expression level of the maternal NtCYS allele was decreased markedly, which was necessary for the initiation of PCD, while the paternal allele didn’t change. Interestingly, the pattern of PCD in the hybrid suspensor and the morphology of the hybrid suspensor were similar to those of the maternal parent. Our results suggest that NtCYS-mediated PCD initiation in the hybrid suspensor is likely controlled in a maternal dominant manner. This finding represents an example of the involvement of parental transcripts in a specific developmental event during early embryogenesis.
The Dentin Sialoprotein (DSP) Domain Regulates Dental Mesenchymal Cell Differentiation through a Novel Surface Receptor
Authors: Wan Chunyan , Yuan Guohua , Luo Daoshu , Zhang Lu , Lin Heng , Liu Huan , Chen Lei , Yang Guobin , Chen Shuo , Chen Zhi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is a dentin extracellular matrix protein that is processed into dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin glycoprotein (DGP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP). DSP is mainly expressed in odontoblasts. We hypothesized that DSP interacts with cell surface receptors and subsequently activates intracellular signaling. Using DSP as bait for screening a protein library, we demonstrate that DSP acts as a ligand and binds to integrin β6. The 36 amino acid residues of DSP are sufficient to bind to integrin β6. This peptide promoted cell attachment, migration, differentiation and mineralization of dental mesenchymal cells. In addition, DSP aa183-219 stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and P38 kinases. This activation was inhibited by an anti-integrin β6 antibody and siRNA. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this DSP fragment induces SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation via ERK1/2 and P38 signaling. SMAD1/5/8 binds to SMAD binding elements (SBEs) in the DSPP gene promoter. SBE mutations result in a decrease in DSPP transcriptional activity. Endogenous DSPP expression was up-regulated by DSP aa183-219 in dental mesenchymal cells. The data in the current study demonstrate for the first time that this DSP domain acts as a ligand in a RGD-independent manner and is involved in intracellular signaling via interacting with integrin β6. The DSP domain regulates DSPP expression and odontoblast homeostasis via a positive feedback loop.
Transcriptional and functional characterization of CD137L-dendritic cells identifies a novel dendritic cell phenotype
Authors: Harfuddin Zulkarnain , Dharmadhikari Bhushan , Wong Siew Cheng , Duan Kaibo , Poidinger Michael , Kwajah Shaqireen , Schwarz Herbert 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe importance of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) is evidenced by the fact that they are essential for the elimination of pathogens. Although in vitro DCs can be generated by treatment of monocytes with GM-CSF and IL-4, it is unknown what stimuli induce differentiation of DCs in vivo. CD137L-DCs are human monocyte-derived DC that are generated by CD137 ligand (CD137L) signaling. We demonstrate that the gene signature of in vitro generated CD137L-DCs is most similar to those of GM-CSF and IL-4-generated immature DCs and of macrophages. This is reminiscent of in vivo inflammatory DC which also have been reported to share gene signatures with monocyte-derived DCs and macrophages. Performing direct comparison of deposited human gene expression data with a CD137L-DC dataset revealed a significant enrichment of CD137L-DC signature genes in inflammatory in vivo DCs. In addition, surface marker expression and cytokine secretion by CD137L-DCs resemble closely those of inflammatory DCs. Further, CD137L-DCs express high levels of adhesion molecules, display strong attachment and employ the adhesion molecule ALCAM to stimulate T cell proliferation. This study characterizes the gene expression profile of CD137L-DCs and identifies significant similarities of CD137L-DCs with in vivo inflammatory monocyte-derived DCs and macrophages.
Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks with Six-Coordinated Ln(III) Ions and Free Functional Organic Sites for Adsorptions and Extensive Catalytic Activities
Authors: Zhu Yu , Zhu Min , Xia Li , Wu Yunlong , Hua Hui , Xie Jimin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThree chelating-amino-functionalized lanthanide metal-organic frameworks, Y-DDQ, Dy-DDQ and Eu-DDQ, were synthesized with a flexible dicarboxylate ligand based on quinoxaline (H2DDQ = N, N′-dibenzoic acid-2,3-diaminoquinoxaline). The three-dimensional framework is constructed by the H2DDQ linkers connecting the zigzag ladders, showing a net of sra topology. In the structures, one kind of Ln(III) ions metal centers are six-coordinated and thus can potentially behave as open metal sites (OMSs), while the free chelating amino groups can act as free functional organic sites (FOSs). The N2 and Ar adsorption behaviors indicate that these Ln-DDQ exhibits stable microporous frameworks with high surface area after remove of the solvents. Owing to presence of OMSs and FOSs, these MOFs show good ability of CO2, dyes captures and Lewis acid catalyst for cyanosilylation reaction. In view of the existing FOSs in the framework, Pd NPs were immobilized onto the MOFs through graft interactions between free chelating amino groups and metal ions precursor using postsynthetic modification. The well dispersed Pd@Ln-DDQs exhibit efficient and recyclable catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol and they can also act as an excellent catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions with the exposed Pd NPs.