bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-dose of oligosaccharins boosts antiviral immunity through induction of multiple defense pathways in rice
Authors: Wang Guoda , Lu Mingmin , He Qianqian , Du Juan , Song Wen , Li Lulu , Zhang Hehong , Wei Zhongyan , Lu Yuwen , Chen Jianping , Sun Zongtao , Li Yanjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOligosaccharins, widely recognized as plant immunity inducers, have been applied and studied for enhancing antiviral defenses in rice over the years. However, due to the complex induction mechanism in rice, further studies are needed. In this study, we demonstrated that oligosaccharins enhanced rice resistance to southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) at both the symptomatic and molecular levels. RNA-seq analysis revealed that oligosaccharins enhanced rice antiviral defense by activating multiple defense pathways. Among them, the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, a crucial antiviral pathway in rice, was investigated in detail. Interestingly, RNA-seq data showed that genes related to JA signaling pathway were significantly induced after 1 h but not after 24 h of oligosaccharins treatment, suggesting that JA induction by oligosaccharins was rapid and sensitive. Furthermore, JA levels and sensitivity analysis showed that oligosaccharins induced JA accumulation, making treated rice plants more sensitive to methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Additionally, oligosaccharins treatment also induced a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rice. Notably, oligosaccharins demonstrated a low-dose effect, within a certain dilution range from 6000-fold to 1000-fold diluted solution of 5% oligosaccharins, with the 4000-fold diluted solution exhibiting a stronger ability to induce elevated production of JA and ROS. Moreover, the application of low-dose oligosaccharins also enhanced rice resistance to SRBSDV. These data suggest that low-dose of oligosaccharins can enhance rice antiviral defense by inducing multiple defense pathways, including the JA signaling pathway and ROS production.
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency: across-the-board severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Chohayeb Engy A. , Lotfy Sohilla , El Hawary Rabab E. , Meshaal Safa S. , Mansour Iman A. , Galal Nermeen M. , Elmarsafy Aisha M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive, inborn error of immunity. It is characterized by progressive immune abnormalities ranging from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) to combined immunodeficiency less profound than SCID, neurological abnormalities and autoimmunity. Early detection and diagnosis before the development of life-threatening complications are crucial.

Methods
Immune cell subsets were assessed by flow cytometry, serum immunoglobulins and uric acid levels were evaluated, and genetic testing was performed for all patients.

Results
Herein, we present six Egyptian PNP deficiency patients from four different families. We describe the patients’ clinical phenotypes, their immunological profile as well as their genetic results. Sequence analysis results detected 4 different variants in the PNP gene; 1 likely pathogenic frameshift deletion c.452del; p.Asn151MetfsTer20 was found in one family, 1 pathogenic nonsense variant c.172C > T; p.Arg58Ter, and 2 likely pathogenic missense variants c.682G > C; p.Ala228Pro and c.722T > C; pIle2241Thr.

Conclusion
In conclusion, PNP deficiency is a variable immunodeficiency and should be considered in various clinical contexts, with or without neurological manifestations. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation offers a good treatment option, with excellent clinical outcomes, when performed in a timely manner.
Skull base “intrinsic” bony mass lesions: conventional, diffusion and perfusion imaging with a proposed imaging approach
Authors: Eissa Lamya , Bastawi Rim Aly 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background and purpose
Imaging with conventional MRI plays a pivotal role in characterization of skull base bone-intrinsic lesions, yet some lesions are very challenging. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of diffusion and perfusion by T2* dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) in characterization of such lesions.

Results
Lesions showed mostly correlated with approach: Chordomas had low perfusion and intermediate to high perfusion, while chondrosarcoma had ADC value > 1.6 × 10–3/cm2 and more perfused. Metastases had variable ADC values usually intermediate with high perfusion. Plasmacytomas had similar features yet with characteristic conventional morphology and single number. Lymphoma (primary bony) had high perfusion and lowest diffusion ADC (= 04–0.7 × 10–3/cm2). Giant cell tumors and hemangiopericytomas had lowest perfusion.

Conclusion
The proposed imaging approach showed very good results and high accuracy in differentiation of skull base bony lesions.
Apparent Saturation of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism After High Dietary Milk Protein Intake in Healthy Adults
Authors: Newton-Tanzer Emily , Can Sultan Nilay , Demmelmair Hans , Horak Jeannie , Holdt Lesca , Koletzko Berthold , Grote Veit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
Milk protein contains high concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) that play a critical role in anabolism and are implicated in the onset of obesity and chronic disease. Characterizing BCAA catabolism in the postprandial phase could elucidate the impact of protein intake on obesity risk established in the “early protein hypothesis.”

Objective
To examine the acute effects of protein content of young child formulas as test meals on BCAA catabolism, observing postprandial plasma concentrations of BCAA in relation to their degradation products.

Methods
The TOMI Add-On Study is a randomized, double-blind crossover study in which 27 healthy adults consumed 2 isocaloric young child formulas with alternating higher (HP) and lower (LP) protein and fat content as test meals during separate interventions, while 9 blood samples were obtained over 5 hours. BCAA, branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKA), and acylcarnitines were analyzed using a fully targeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS approach.

Results
Mean concentrations of BCAA, BCKA, and acylcarnitines were significantly higher after HP than LP over the 5 postprandial hours, except for the BCKA α-ketoisovalerate (KIVA). The latter metabolite showed higher postprandial concentrations after LP. With increasing mean concentrations of BCAA, concentrations of corresponding BCKA, acylcarnitines, and urea increased until a breakpoint was reached, after which concentrations of degradation products decreased (for all metabolites except valine and KIVA and Carn C4:0-iso).

Conclusion
BCAA catabolism is markedly influenced by protein content of the test meal. We present novel evidence for the apparent saturation of the BCAA degradation pathway in the acute postprandial phase up to 5 hours after consumption.
LRP5 Variant Without Pseudoglioma in a Young Man With Fragility Fractures
Authors: Vaghasia Nupoor , Dutta Aditya , Mithal Ambrish 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Osteoporosis in children and young adults is relatively rare. Hereditary causes are often overlooked in the absence of a positive family history. We report a 29-year-old male presenting with recurrent fragility fractures since 6 years of age. Secondary causes, such as celiac disease, inflammatory disorders, and hypogonadism, were ruled out. Family history was negative for any bone disease. Exome sequencing revealed 2 variants of LRP5 gene—intron 5 c.1015 + 1G &gt; A and exon 5 c.892C &gt; T. Although the former variant has been described in literature as a cause of osteoporosis in homozygous state only, it manifested as osteoporosis in our patient, in the heterozygous state, in presence of a second variant of uncertain significance. However, eye involvement, which is classically seen in “osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome” homozygote, was absent in our patient. Genetic analysis of the parents revealed father to be a carrier of intron 5 c.1015 + 1G &gt; A and mother exon 5 c.892C &gt; T variants of the LRP5 gene. However, none of them had osteoporosis on bone densitometry. The patient was subsequently treated with IV zoledronic acid (planned to be administered annually) and showed improvement in bone density by 11% at the spine and 9.5% at the left femur; there were no further fractures over 1 year of follow-up.
Race against Time
Authors: Jabbari Alexander 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article attempts to think race, sexuality, and temporality together in modern Iran. By analyzing modern Iranian literature, cinema, and media, it argues that the figure of the Indian evokes difference embodied in physiognomy, language, and sexuality in the Iranian imagination. Moreover, the Indian is temporally out of place and appears as a specter of the premodern Persianate past shared by Iran and India, haunting the modern, nationalist present. After examining racialized depictions of Indians in premodern Persianate texts, the article considers the raced, sexualized, heterotemporal figure of the Indian in popular novels like Dear Uncle Napoleon (1973), Savushun (1969), and The Patient Stone (1966); films like Qarun’s Treasure (1965); and various musical performances from the 1970s to the 2010s. The article contends that for Iranians, the Indian’s uncanny combination of similarity and alterity provokes anxieties about sexuality and racial modernity by seemingly disrupting the temporality of the present.
Manufacturing Madonnas
Authors: Naeej Elham 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article argues that Zoya Pirzad’s novel Chiragh-ha ra man khamush mikunam (Things We Left Unsaid, 2001) casts the protagonist, Clarice Ayvazian, as an asexualized Madonna figure. Love in Chiragh-ha is split into its spiritual and sensual dimensions, which are viewed as essentially irreconcilable. Clarice sublimates her desires into more socially acceptable occupations and in doing so represses her sexuality. The novel thus lends itself to a reading through the lens of the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud, most notably his work on the Madonna/whore complex.
Child Marriage in “Hitaw” and Mādīyān
Authors: Zehtabi Maryam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Child marriage, the union between a child below the age of consent and a spouse who is the same age or older, remains a prevalent practice in Iran. Often these marriages involve young girls betrothed to much older men as a result of economic arrangements between the girl’s guardian and the groom. This practice imposes numerous physical and psychological hardships on the child bride, whose domestic and reproductive labor becomes bound to a man she did not choose to marry. By analyzing “Hitaw” (1973), by Ali Ashraf Darvishiyan, and Mādīyān (1986), directed by Ali Zhakan, this article aims to examine the perceptions and portrayals of these girls and their sexuality within the realm of art and literature. Through this analysis it seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the social, cultural, and political dynamics that perpetuate child marriage and impact the lives of young girls in Iran.
Love on Hold
Authors: Yaghoobi Claudia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Two months after the initial announcement of COVID-19, the World Health Organization referred to the pathogen as a pandemic, and by March 2020 large gatherings were canceled as new “social distancing” measures were issued. Statements about the pandemic proliferated on social-media platforms, among them that culturally important gatherings were sources of a new anxiety. Given that qualitative works engaging the sociocultural aspects of people’s experiences, internal reflections, and the ways they navigate vulnerability are essential to a holistic view of COVID-19’s effects and mechanics, the present study posed the question “How has the social distancing order impacted your relationships?” on various social-media outlets (Instagram, Facebook, Twitter). This article analyzes the responses. Central to this inquiry is an understanding of how dating, marriage, and family relationships intersected with other axes of power specific to social safety during the pandemic.
A Simple Law for the Distribution of Long-Term Profit: The Empirical Regularity Behind the 1% of Firms That Capture 73% of Value
Authors: Wibbens Phebo D. 
Published: September 2024

Empirical laws and regularities, such as Klepper’s shakeout pattern for industry evolution or Gibrat’s law for firm size, have shaped our understanding of organizations. Despite decades of research into profit patterns, no such widely applicable empirical regularities have been found for the “dependent variable of strategy”: long-term value capture. This study reports the discovery of a simple law governing this variable’s distribution. A four-parameter normal log-normal (NLN) mixture distribution very well fits observed data of listed firms’ 20-year long-term profit (LTP). The distribution correctly describes, for instance, a remarkable asymmetry in value capture: fewer than 1% of all firms in the data set generated 73% of the total LTP. Though the NLN law applies across different industries, geographies, and time periods, its distributional parameters vary. These parameters provide a novel and precise description of differences across settings in economic outcomes, such as the rise of “superstars.” More broadly, the law’s discovery raises profound questions relating to competitive strategy, evolutionary path dependence, the structure of technological opportunity, and social inequality. Code and data for replication are made available. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and code and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.18085 .
Health-related quality of life influences surgical decisions in patients with rotator cuff disease
Authors: Cederqvist Sanna , Flinkkilä Tapio , Tuominen Antti , Sormaala Markus , Ylinen Jari , Kautiainen Hannu , Sirniö Kai , Pamilo Konsta , Kiviranta Ilkka , Paloneva Juha 
Published: September 2024

AimsRotator cuff disease (RCD) can considerably decrease quality of life. Here, we investigated whether health-related quality of life (HRQoL) influences the need for surgery in patients with RCD.MethodsWe performed an analysis of 417 patients with symptomatic RCD who were recruited from two hospitals between June 2008 and December 2014 to be randomized to receive non-surgical or surgical treatment. After a three-month rehabilitation period, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36), shoulder pain (visual analogue scale (VAS)), and shoulder function (Constant-Murley score) data were available from 191 still-symptomatic patients who were eligible for surgery. A control group was formed from 87 excluded patients who were no longer eligible for surgery due to relief of symptoms.ResultsMean pain on the VAS was 51.3 (SD 20.1) in the patients eligible for surgery and 41.7 (SD 21.2) in the control group. The following domains of the SF-36 were associated with being eligible for surgery in univariate analyses: bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, and emotional wellbeing. In multivariate analysis, only bodily pain was associated with pursuing surgical treatment. The RCD population’s values for physical role, bodily pain, and physical functioning were poorer compared to the values of the general population.ConclusionLower HRQoL, as indicated by the lower bodily pain score on the SF-36, was associated with the decision to undergo surgical treatment in patients with RCD. Therefore, HRQoL should be considered when determining treatment options for RCD.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(9):793–799.
Moment Behavior of Laminated Beam-Column Joint with Glued-In Steel Rods Manufactured from Small-Diameter Larch Logs
Authors: Ha Been , Ogawa Keita , Yamasaki Mariko , Sasaki Yasutoshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To promote the structural use of small-diameter logs often harvested in Korea, the use of laminated members with square timber obtained from small-diameter logs as their elements is being considered. With the objective of improved strength, elements obtained from large-diameter logs were combined with elements obtained from small-diameter logs. In this study, the authors prepared beam-column joints using these laminated members and examined their moment resistance performance. To join a laminated beam and a laminated column, the authors used glued-in steel rods. The results of a mechanical test on the moment–deformation angle relationship showed that from the initial force to the failure point, the behavior was mostly linear. Moreover, the rotational stiffness was approximately 900 kNm/rad, the maximum moment was approximately 30 kNm, and the joint efficiency for deformation was approximately 0.8. It was revealed that a significant amount of the deformation in this specimen resulted from the bending deflection of the laminated column. The authors also estimated the rotational stiffness and maximum moment through linear analysis. The slip properties of the deformed bar, compression properties perpendicular to grain of the laminated column, and bending properties of the laminated column were taken into consideration. The estimated results were mostly consistent with the experimental results. As a method to easily understand the moment resistance performance of these joints, the present proposed estimation method should be effective.
Reinforcement Effects of Microfibrillated Cellulose on Chitosan–Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposite Film Properties
Authors: Solikhin Achmad , Hadi Yusuf Sudo , Massijaya Muh Yusram , Nikmatin Siti , Suzuki Shigehiko , Kojima Yoichi , Kobori Hikaru 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective of this research was to analyze the reinforcement effect of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) on chitosan–polyvinyl alcohol (chitosan-PVA) nanocomposite films in terms of their morphological, physical, chemical, thermal, biological, and mechanical properties. Chitosan-PVA blend films reinforced with MFC filler loadings at 0.5 to 5 percent had smoother, more regular, and more uniform external surface morphology compared with chitosan-PVA reinforced with MFC filler loaded at 7.5 percent. With regard to the physical properties, incorporation of MFC into chitosan-PVA polymer blends reduced nanocomposite film transparency. Furthermore, the films had three different diffraction peaks: crystalline peak, amorphous peak, and small ancillary peak. Compared with the neat chitosan-PVA blend, the addition of MFC to chitosan-PVA polymer blends shifted Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy peaks at 3,500 to 3,000, 2,918, 1,440, 1,101, and 850 cm−1, indicating a chemical interaction between chitosan-PVA polymer blends and MFC. According to differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis, the addition of MFC enhanced the thermal stability of chitosan-PVA compared with neat chitosan-PVA composite films. Most nanocomposite films reinforced with MFC had a higher tensile strength than films made from neat chitosan-PVA and chitosan-PVA-MFC 7.5 percent because of percolation formation. However, neither neat chitosan-PVA composite film nor chitosan-PVA-MFC nanocomposite films showed a zone of inhibition or had a zone of inhibition index against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Ganoderma sp.
Integrating Multiscale Studies of Adhesive Penetration into Wood*
Authors: Jakes Joseph E. , Frihart Charles R. , Hunt Christopher G. , Yelle Daniel J. , Plaza Nayomi Z. , Lorenz Linda F. , Ching Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The development of new and improved wood adhesives is hindered by an incomplete mechanistic understanding of what makes a wood–adhesive bond able to withstand changes in moisture levels. Although common methods are established to test and report the bulk-level properties of bond lines, such as bond-line shear strength and wood failure analysis, the development of experimental tools to study wood–adhesive bond lines and the effects of moisture at the nanometer to millimeter length scales remains an active area of research. Here we introduce and briefly review four recently developed tools that, when combined, we have found capable to facilitate the study of bond lines and the effects of moisture across these length scales. The tools are X-ray computed tomography, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, nanoindentation, and small-angle neutron scattering. Their combined utility has been demonstrated by studying model bond-line systems made using loblolly pine and phenol-formaldehyde adhesives. The results led to a new insight that adhesive infiltration into cellulose microfibrils at nanometer length scales likely plays an important role in the moisture durability of wood–adhesive bond lines. A new model to facilitate the discussion of potential interactions between adhesive and wood nanostructure was also developed.
Tribological Behavior of Microtextured Cemented Carbide in Contact with Wood
Authors: Li Weiguang , Zhang Zhankuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We used microtextures to develop a novel antifriction technology for wood cutting tools. Northeast China ash (Fraxinus spp.) was selected as the research species, and the influence of the microtexture on the friction coefficient of cemented carbide samples with and without the texture was studied using various loads and wood moisture content. The results showed that a reasonable microtexture form (d = 40 μm) can effectively reduce the friction coefficient between wood and cemented carbide regardless of the moisture content. The moisture in the wood is conducive to reducing the friction coefficient between the cemented carbide and the wood surface. Its mechanism of action is affected by the wood moisture content, the load used, and other factors. The friction coefficient significantly decreased when the wood moisture content was above the fiber saturation point.
Synthesis Process Development of Diethylene Tricarbamide as a Starting Material for Wood Composite Binder Diethylene Tricarbamide–Formaldehyde Resins
Authors: Kim Moon G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A three-step carbamylation reaction of diethylene triamine (DA) with urea was investigated to find an efficient synthesis procedure for large-scale production of diethylene tricarbamide (D), a monomer of D-formaldehyde resin binders for wood composite boards with very low formaldehyde emission potential. n-Butanol, pyridine, and others with minor amounts of polar solvents were investigated as a reaction medium. Urea is added to the solvent in a stirred reactor and heated to the boiling point of the solvent, which is about 110°C to 130°C. This was followed by the gradual addition of DA while allowing evolved ammonia to escape through the condenser. A delicate balance exists between voluminous particles of di-substituted intermediates and the hard fine particles of tri-substituted final product, and an excessive buildup of the former often occurs, resulting in stirring difficulties, reaction stoppage, and low reaction yields, which are minimized by adding some polar solvents and also by programmed addition of DA. Free-flowing microcrystalline particles of D were obtained in yields of 90 to 98 percent based on DA in 6 to 12 hours of reaction by simple filtration, hot washing with solvents, and drying procedures. These organic solvent–based synthesis procedures appear possible to adapt to large-scale production of D. The ammonia that evolves from the reaction needs to be captured, and solvent losses should be minimized. The high current price of DA, the need to reuse ammonia, and the complexity of the reaction indicate that a company that manufactures ammonia, urea, and DA fit to adopt this technology in support of the wood composite board industry.