bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of cranioplasty on outcomes and complications of unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and minimally responsive state
Authors: Aidinoff Elena , Lehrer Hiela , Gelernter Ilana , Dayan Ilil , Kfir Adi , Front Lilach , Oksamitny Ana , Catz Amiram 
Published: September 2024

Background Studies that have shown neurological improvement following cranioplasty (CP) after decompressive craniectomy (DC) in patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and minimally conscious state (MCS) did not include control groups. The aim of this study was to assess the justification of CP for these patients. Methods Data were collected from medical records of inpatients with UWS and MCS admitted between 2002 and 2018. Results Of the 144 participants (mean age 40 years, 76% males, 75% in UWS), 37% had CP following DC. The Loewenstein Communication Scale (LCS) gain was 12 ± 17 and 16 ± 17 for the control and study patients, respectively. The corresponding consciousness recovery rate (based on Coma Recovery Scale-Revised scores) was 51% and 53%, respectively. One-year survival rates were 0.80 and 0.93, and 5-year survival rates were 0.67 and 0.73, respectively. Mean outcome values were higher for the study group, but the differences between the groups did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions The study did not demonstrate that CP increases brain recovery or survival. Nevertheless, it showed that CP did not decrease them either, and it did not increase complications rate. The findings, therefore, support offering CP to patients with UWS and MCS as CP does not increase risks and can achieve additional goals for these patients.
Managing grazing to increase ground cover in rangelands: using remote sensing to detect change
Authors: McDonald Sarah E. , Simmons Aaron T. , Harden Steven , Orgill Susan E. , Guerschman Juan , Strong Craig 
Published: September 2024

Practices that improve the quantity, composition, and persistence of ground cover can contribute to a range of ecosystem services that support agricultural production, regulate climate, reduce erosion and support nutrient cycling. In rangeland grazing systems, incorporating periods of rest and matching stocking rates to feed availability is commonly used with the goal of improving land condition and productivity at a property scale. Understanding and quantifying differences in ground cover associated with changes to grazing management can provide livestock producers with greater confidence in the outcomes associated with their management. It can also demonstrate their nature positive activities which may be valued in emerging markets. This study sought to quantify any changes in ground cover resulting from changed grazing management (strategically managing the timing, intensity and duration of grazing events to maintain or improve land condition) across seven mixed grazing (cattle, sheep and/or goats) study sites in the semi-arid rangelands of western New South Wales, Australia. Time-series estimates of ground cover derived from Landsat imagery for each study site were compared with biophysically similar regional benchmark areas as controls. Overall, ground cover was found to have increased significantly (2–7%) following change in grazing management at four of the seven study sites, relative to control benchmark areas. It was apparent different land units varied in their response to the management change, and that the preceding 12 months rainfall (such as wet, intermediate or dry rainfall years) did not have a consistently significant effect on the relative response. Results of this study highlight that improvements in ground cover and land condition may be achieved through changes to grazing management, but also that there are complexities in both achieving and measuring any change. This study demonstrates the practical application of remotely sensed cover data and dynamic regional comparison techniques to document environmental outcomes at the property scale from grazing management in low input, extensive rangeland grazing systems.
Exploring sperm cell rheotaxis in microfluidic channel: the role of flow and viscosity
Authors: Puri Dhiraj B , Jacob Paul , Hemadri Vadiraj , Banerjee Arnab , Tripathi Siddhartha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Rheotaxis is a fundamental mechanism of sperm cells that guides them in navigating towards the oocyte. The present study investigates the phenomenon of sperm rheotaxis in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid media, which for the first time explores a viscosity range equivalent to that of the oviductal fluid of the female reproductive tract in rectilinear microfluidic channels. Three parameters, the progressive velocity while performing rheotaxis, the radius of rotation during rheotaxis, and the percentage of rheotactic sperm cells in the bulk and near-wall regions of the microfluidic channel were measured. Numerical simulations of the flow were conducted to estimate the shear rate, flow velocity, and the drag force acting on the sperm head at specific locations where the sperms undergo rheotaxis. Increasing the flow velocity resulted in a change in the position of rheotactic sperm from the bulk center to the near wall region, an increase and subsequent decrease in the sperm’s upstream progressive velocity, and a decrease in the radius of rotation. We observed that with an increase in viscosity, rheotactic sperms migrate to the near wall regions at lower flow rates, the upstream progressive velocity of the sperm decreases for Newtonian and increases for non-Newtonian media, and the radius of rotation increases for Newtonian and decreases for non-Newtonian media. These results quantify the effects of fluid properties such as viscosity and flow rate on sperm rheotaxis and navigation, thereby paving the way for manipulating sperm behavior in microfluidic devices, potentially leading to advancements in assisted reproduction techniques.
The Principle of Legality in the Criminal System
Authors: Khodadadi Bahman 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 is devoted to the assessment of the Iranian constitutional tenets of the rule of law and the Rechtsstaat, which leads us directly to a particular concentration on criminal law, that is, the principle of legality in the criminal system. Exploring religious fundamentals and legal regulations as contributions to the principle of legality in the Iranian legal system, the chapter embarks on a discussion surrounding the religious and legal contributions to the principle of legality. By examining whether the principle of the legality of crimes and punishments has been enshrined in the Iranian legal system as a whole, the chapter offers a sustained and careful account of how the Constitution itself impinges upon the legal system and undermines the rule of law by violating the principle of nulla poena sine lege, a basic requirement of the rule of law.
The Mental Health Consequences of George Floyd’s Murder in Minneapolis in Black, Latine, and White Communities
Authors: Santaularia N Jeanie , Larson Ryan , Robertson Christopher E , Uggen Christopher 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The high-profile police murder of George Floyd is likely to have an aftermath of negative health consequences, particularly among Black people. Our study evaluates the impact of the murder of Mr. Floyd on mental health in Black, Latine, and white communities in Minneapolis, Minnesota. We constructed a panel dataset merging data from the Minnesota Hospital Association, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Minneapolis Police Department, and American Community Survey. First, we specify an overall and racial subgroup autoregressive interrupted time-series design to identify the impact of the murder on rates of mental health hospital discharge at the city-level. We then examine the spatial heterogeneity in the impact of the murder by specifying zip code tabulation area (ZCTA)-level panel models. We find a 0.23 per 1,000 increase in mental health conditions among Black people in the immediate post-murder period, followed by a weekly decline (-.007) in mental health diagnoses. We do not find a substantial rate increase in White or Latine residents. Further, our analyses at the ZCTA-week-level corroborate these findings, while showing that the increase for Black residents was global. These findings speak to the traumatizing effects of police violence and the short- and longer-term public health consequences for Black communities.
Neighbors affect vocal behavior of tropical wrens: a multispeaker density-manipulation experiment
Authors: Sánchez Natalie V , Vargas-Valverde Isabel , Espejo-Uribe María José , Mennill Daniel J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
For territorial animals, the behavior of conspecific neighbors sets the social context of communication. Despite numerous investigations of vocalizations related to territory defense and mate attraction, the effect of neighbor density on animal vocal behavior has received little attention, particularly in tropical animals and animals where both sexes produce complex acoustic signals. In this study, we used an innovative multispeaker playback experiment to manipulate the apparent density of neighbors in rufous-and-white wrens, Thryophilus rufalbus, living in Costa Rica’s tropical dry forest. In this tropical songbird, both males and females defend year-round territories and sing complex, learned songs for territory defense. We recorded the singing behavior of 24 subjects (12 pairs), and then we used an array of 6 loudspeakers to simulate the presence of 6 new territorial neighbors (3 simulated pairs) outside each subject pair’s breeding territory. The stimuli persisted for 3 consecutive days, with both male and female songs broadcast at a natural rate from dawn to dusk. We found that the mean male song rate increased by almost 50% in response to the simulated increase in local density. Females showed less frequent song-type switching rates following the simulated increase in local density, although it was a marginal increase. These findings reveal that male and female songbirds’ vocal behavior varies with the local density of territorial neighbors. We conclude that birds are sensitive to acoustic signals of conspecific density arising from sounds beyond their territory boundaries, and that they use this public information to guide their vocal behavior.
Structure–function coupling in highly sampled individual brains
Authors: Rajesh Aishwarya , Seider Nicole A , Newbold Dillan J , Adeyemo Babatunde , Marek Scott , Greene Deanna J , Snyder Abraham Z , Shimony Joshua S , Laumann Timothy O , Dosenbach Nico U F , Gordon Evan M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Structural connectivity (SC) between distant regions of the brain support synchronized function known as functional connectivity (FC) and give rise to the large-scale brain networks that enable cognition and behavior. Understanding how SC enables FC is important to understand how injuries to SC may alter brain function and cognition. Previous work evaluating whole-brain SC-FC relationships showed that SC explained FC well in unimodal visual and motor areas, but only weakly in association areas, suggesting a unimodal-heteromodal gradient organization of SC-FC coupling. However, this work was conducted in group-averaged SC/FC data. Thus, it could not account for inter-individual variability in the locations of cortical areas and white matter tracts. We evaluated the correspondence of SC and FC within three highly sampled healthy participants. For each participant, we collected 78 min of diffusion-weighted MRI for SC and 360 min of resting state fMRI for FC. We found that FC was best explained by SC in visual and motor systems, as well as in anterior and posterior cingulate regions. A unimodal-to-heteromodal gradient could not fully explain SC-FC coupling. We conclude that the SC-FC coupling of the anterior–posterior cingulate circuit is more similar to unimodal areas than to heteromodal areas.
Navigating New Waters: IMO’s Efforts to Regulate Autonomous Shipping
Authors: Stępień Barbara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
New technological development in autonomous and unmanned vessels challenges the international legal framework prevailing at sea. Currently, the regulations applicable to international shipping constitute regulatory barriers preventing their operation on a worldwide scale. Hence, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), responsible for international shipping, has been working to accommodate these new types of vessels within the existing legal instruments. This paper traces the IMO’s steps to establish a new regulatory framework for them.
Ten tips to carry out video consultations in nephrology
Authors: Woywodt Alexander , Payne Rebecca E , Huuskes Brooke M , Hezer Bartu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Video consultations have seen increasing use in nephrology since the COVID-19 pandemic with an aim to address constraints in F2F outpatient capacity and also patients’ concerns around risks of infection when attending healthcare facilities. Nephrologists have learned through experience to use video consultations for providing routine follow up and also for ad hoc triage of unwell patients. Advantages of video consultations include convenience, cost savings through avoiding clinic overheads, and reducing the carbon footprint of care. The last is increasingly relevant as nephrologists consider climate change and its implications. Video consultations are not a panacea to overcome challenges in nephrology and risks also exist for example when it comes to redesigning pathways and maintaining access to F2F assessments when required. It is equally important to consider practical aspects such as reimbursement, prescribing, and documentation. Some clinicians may wish to carry out video consultations from home to save time spent commuting but this, too, requires careful thought. Another consideration is the digital divide and support should be provided for patients who are less IT literate or who have no access to the digital world. Patients with special needs such as those with visual or hearing impairment and those with language issues also require consideration. We view video consultations as a developing and growing part of the portfolio of renal care. We see their main role in providing routine follow up to stable and IT literate outpatients, particularly where there is provider continuity and where care is provided across a large geographical area.
Structure connectivity and substructure connectivity of Möbius cubes
Authors: Zhao Xiaojun , Xue Shudan , Deng Qingying , Li Pingshan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The connectivity is an important measurement for the fault-tolerance of networks. To provide more accurate measures for the fault-tolerance of networks than the connectivity, some generalizations of connectivity have been introduced. Substructure connectivity and structure connectivity are two extended concepts of classical connectivity. As a variant of the popular network hypercube, the Möbius cubes is also a famous interconnection network in parallel and distributed systems. In this article, we calculate $H$-substructure connectivity and $H$-structure connectivity of Möbius cubes when $H$ is isomorphic to $P_{m},C_{m}$ and $K_{1,m}$.
Bacteraemia and infective endocarditis following left-sided heart valve surgery
Authors: Holgersson Christine , Østergaard Lauge , Havers-Borgersen Eva , Stahl Anna , Hadji-Turdeghal Katra , Alhakak Amna , Voldstedlund Marianne , Smerup Morten , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and aims
In patients undergoing heart valve surgery, subsequent bacteraemia and infective endocarditis (IE) are feared events. Data on the incidence and bacterial microbiological etiology following left-sided heart valve surgery are sparse.

Methods and results
Between 2010 and 2021, all patients undergoing left-sided valve surgery were identified using Danish nationwide registries. Incidence and type bacteraemia within 1-year post-surgery was analysed. Secondary outcome of interest was IE. Cumulative incidence curves were stratified for bacterial species and for subgroups of interest: type of valve surgery, age, and sex. A total of 14 935 patients were included, of which 69% were male and the median age was 70.4 years (25th–75th percentile 62.4–76.2 years). The 1-year cumulative incidence of bacteraemia was 6.1% (95% CI 5.7–6.5%), and the most frequent bacteraemia was coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (27%). More than half of the bacteraemia with CoNS occurred within 30 days of follow-up. Patients developing bacteraemia had a significantly higher Charlson comorbidity score at baseline, more often underwent coronary artery bypass grafting concomitant to valve surgery, and more often had surgery on both valves. The 1-year cumulative incidence of IE was 1.5% (95% CI 1.3–1.7), of which 23% were caused by Enterococci, and 22% were blood culture negative. The median time from surgery to IE was 109 days.

Conclusion
Bacteraemia and infective endocarditis following left-sided heart valve surgery occurred in 6.1% and 1.5% of patients, respectively. The most frequent bacteraemia was coagulase-negative staphylococci, and more than half of these occurred within 30 days of surgery. Optimization of prophylactic strategies are warranted.
Patients like any others? Providing coverage to undocumented migrants in France: effects on access to care and usual source of care
Authors: Marsaudon Antoine , Jusot Florence , Wittwer Jérôme , Dourgnon Paul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Medical State Assistance is a French public health insurance programme that allows undocumented migrants (UM) to access primary, secondary, and tertiary care services free of user charge, either premium or out-of-pocket. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of Medical State Assistance on access to healthcare services and on usual source of care (USC). We rely on representative data of 1,223 UM attending places of assistance to vulnerable populations in Paris and in the greater area of Bordeaux (France). In this sample, 51% of UM are covered by Medical State Assistance. We use probit and ordinary least square regressions to model healthcare uses of undocumented migrants. The results show that UM covered by Medical State Assistance are more likely to access outpatient healthcare services (by +22.4 percentage points) and less likely to do so on non-governmental organizations (by −6.7 percentage points) than their eligible but uncovered counterpart. Additionally, covered undocumented migrants made 36.9% more medical visits in outpatient healthcare services and 65.4% fewer visits in non-governmental organizations than eligible but uncovered ones. Moreover, covered UM are also more likely to report that primary care services are their USC, in preference to emergency departments and other outpatient care services. UM covered by Medical State Assistance are more likely to consult in outpatient healthcare services.
Teosinte populations exhibit weak local adaptation to their rhizosphere biota despite strong effects of biota source on teosinte fitness and traits
Authors: O’Brien Anna M , Sawers Ruairidh J H , Gasca-Pineda Jaime , Baxter Ivan , Eguiarte Luis E , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey , Strauss Sharon Y 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
While biotic interactions often impose selection, species and populations vary in whether they are locally adapted to biotic interactions. Evolutionary theory predicts that environmental conditions drive this variable local adaptation by altering the fitness impacts of species interactions. To investigate the influence of an environmental gradient on adaptation between a plant and its associated rhizosphere biota, we cross-combined teosinte (Zea mays ssp. mexicana) and rhizosphere biota collected across a gradient of decreasing temperature, precipitation, and nutrients in a greenhouse common garden experiment. We measured both fitness and phenotypes expected to be influenced by biota, including concentrations of nutrients in leaves. Independent, main effects of teosinte and biota source explained most variation in teosinte fitness and traits. For example, biota from warmer sites provided population-independent fitness benefits across teosinte hosts. Effects of biota that depended on teosinte genotype were often not specific to their local hosts, and most traits had similar relationships to fitness across biota treatments. However, we found weak patterns of local adaptation between teosinte and biota from colder sites, suggesting environmental gradients may alter the importance of local adaptation in teosinte–biota interactions, as evolutionary theory predicts.
Sex-specific viability effects of mutations in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Melde Robert H , Abraham JoHanna M , Ugolini Maryn R , Castle Madison P , Fjalstad Molly M , Blumstein Daniela M , Durski Sarah J , Sharp Nathaniel P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In populations with separate sexes, genetic load due to deleterious mutations may be expressed differently in males and females. Evidence from insect models suggests that selection against mutations is stronger in males. This pattern will reduce deleterious allele frequencies at the expense of males, such that female mean fitness is greater than expected, preserving population persistence in the face of high mutation rates. While previous studies focus on reproductive success, mutation load depends on total selection in each sex, including selection for viability. We might expect minimal sex differences in viability effects in fruit flies, since male and female larvae behave similarly, yet many genes show sex-biased expression in larvae. We measured the sex-specific viability effects of nine “marker” mutations and 123 mutagenized chromosomes. We find that both types of mutations generally reduce viability in both sexes. Among marker mutations we detect instances of sex-biased effects in each direction; mutagenized chromosomes show little sex-specific mutational variance, but recessive lethals show a female bias, including in FlyBase records. We conclude that mutations regularly affect viability in a sex-specific manner, but that the strong pattern of male-biased mutational effects observed previously for reproductive success is not apparent at the pre-reproductive stage.
Microbial ecology of nitrate-, selenate-, selenite-, and sulfate-reducing bacteria in a H2-driven bioprocess
Authors: Boltz Joshua P , Rittmann Bruce E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A hydrogen (H2)-based membrane biofilm reactor (H2-MBfR) can reduce electron acceptors nitrate (NO3−), selenate (SeO42−), selenite (HSeO3−), and sulfate (SO42−), which are in wastewaters from coal mining and combustion. This work presents a model to describe a H2-driven microbial community comprised of hydrogenotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria that respire NO3−, SeO42−, HSeO3−, and SO42−. The model provides mechanistic insights into the interactions between autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria in a microbial community that is founded on H2-based autotrophy. Simulations were carried out for a range of relevant solids retention times (SRT; 0.1–20 days) and with adequate H2-delivery capacity to reduce all electron acceptors. Bacterial activity began at an ∼0.6-day SRT, when hydrogenotrophic denitrifiers began to accumulate. Selenate-reducing and selenite-reducing hydrogenotrophs became established next, at SRTs of ∼1.2 and 2 days, respectively. Full NO3−, SeO42−, and HSeO3− reductions were complete by an SRT of ∼5 days. SO42− reduction began at an SRT of ∼10 days and was complete by ∼15 days. The desired goal of reducing NO3−, SeO42−, and HSeO3−, but not SO42−, was achievable within an SRT window of 5–10 days. Autotrophic hydrogenotrophs dominated the active biomass, but nonactive solids were a major portion of the solids, especially for an SRT ≥ 5 days.