bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putting evolution in elimination: Winning our ongoing battle with evolving malaria mosquitoes and parasites
Authors: Huijben Silvie , Paaijmans Krijn P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSince 2000, the world has made significant progress in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality, and several countries in Africa, South America and South‐East Asia are working hard to eliminate the disease. These elimination efforts continue to rely heavily on antimalarial drugs and insecticide‐based interventions, which remain the cornerstones of malaria treatment and prevention. However, resistance has emerged against nearly every antimalarial drug and insecticide that is available. In this review we discuss the evolutionary consequences of the way we currently implement antimalarial interventions, which is leading to resistance and may ultimately lead to control failure, but also how evolutionary principles can be applied to extend the lifespan of current and novel interventions. A greater understanding of the general evolutionary principles that are at the core of emerging resistance is urgently needed if we are to develop improved resistance management strategies with the ultimate goal to achieve a malaria‐free world.
Egg size and the adaptive capacity of early life history traits in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: Thorn Michael W. , Morbey Yolanda E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOffspring traits are greatly influenced by maternal effects, and these maternal effects may provide an important pathway through which populations can adapt to changing thermal environments. We investigated the effect of egg size on the among‐ and within‐population variation in early life history traits among introduced Great Lakes Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations under varying thermal conditions. We reared Chinook salmon from three populations in a common‐garden hatchery study at 6.5, 9.4, and 15.2°C and measured a variety of fitness‐related traits during development. We found that most of the among‐population variation in early life history traits was explained by egg size. However, the contribution of egg size to the among‐population variation decreased with an increase in temperature suggesting that other effects, such as genetic, contribute at high temperature. Within populations, egg size explained much of the dam variance and maternal effect for traits in every temperature, whereas egg size generally had little to no influence on the sire variance and heritability. Overall, our results demonstrate the significant contribution egg size makes to shaping early life history phenotypes among and within populations, and suggest that egg size is an important pathway through which offspring phenotypes can evolve on contemporary timescales.
Foramen epiploicum mesh closure (FEMC) through a ventral midline laparotomy
Authors: van Bergen T. , Rötting A. , Wiemer P. , Schauvliege S. , Vanderperren K. , Ugahary F. , Martens A. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundPreventive laparoscopic closure of the epiploic foramen (EF) has previously been described, but methods for EF closure during laparotomy for treatment of colic are lacking.ObjectivesTo describe the foramen epiploicum mesh closure (FEMC) technique through a ventral midline laparotomy in horses under general anaesthesia and its outcome.Study designTerminal surgical experiment and in vivo study.MethodsIn a pilot study, a standard ventral midline laparotomy was performed under general anaesthesia in 10 experimental horses and a three‐dimensional expandable diabolo‐shaped mesh construct was manually introduced through the EF into the omental vestibule. The laparotomy incision was routinely closed after which the horses were subjected to euthanasia. Subsequently, the cadavers were extensively manipulated and finally mesh position was verified during necropsy. Thereafter, a ventral midline laparotomy, with simulation of abdominal manipulations during colic surgery was performed on six experimental horses. A three‐dimensional expandable diabolo‐shaped mesh with a radiological marker was introduced as in the pilot study. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded during the post‐operative period. Four weeks after the intervention, abdominal radiography and laparoscopy were performed in all six horses.ResultsInsertion of all 16 diabolo‐shaped mesh constructs during laparotomy was uneventful. The 10 mesh constructs of the pilot study were positioned correctly at necropsy. No post‐operative clinical or laboratory parameter alterations were noticed in the other six horses, apart from a transient leucocytosis and an increase in serum amyloid A. Abdominal radiography at 4 weeks revealed consistent positioning of the mesh marker. Laparoscopy confirmed that all six EFs were closed, without intestinal adhesions.Main limitationsMesh insertion in clinical cases and during clean contaminated surgery was not investigated.ConclusionThe FEMC technique via laparotomy provides a fast, simple and reliable procedure to obliterate the EF and may be useful during EFE surgery to prevent recurrence of the disease, avoiding a subsequent laparoscopic procedure.
Quercetin reverses experimental cirrhosis by immunomodulation of the proinflammatory and profibrotic processes
Authors: Casas‐Grajales Sael , Vázquez‐Flores Luis F. , Ramos‐Tovar Erika , Hernández‐Aquino Erika , Flores‐Beltrán Rosa E. , Cerda‐García‐Rojas Carlos M. , Camacho Javier , Shibayama Mineko , Tsutsumi Víctor , Muriel Pablo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe ability of quercetin to reverse an established cirrhosis has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of this flavonoid in reversing experimental cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was induced by intraperitoneal administration of TAA (200 mg/kg of body weight) three times per week for 8 weeks or by intraperitoneal petrolatum‐CCl4 (400 mg/kg of body weight) administration three times per week for 8 weeks. To determine the capacity of quercetin to prevent liver fibrosis, the flavonoid (50 mg/kg of body weight, p.o.) was administered daily to rats during the CCl4 or TAA treatment. To evaluate the ability of quercetin to reverse the previously induced cirrhosis, we first treated rats with CCl4 for 8 weeks, as previously described and then the flavonoid was administered for four more weeks. We found that the liver anti‐inflammatory and antinecrotic effects of quercetin are associated with its antioxidant properties, to the ability of the flavonoid to block NF‐κB activation and in consequence to reduce cytokine IL‐1. The ability of quercetin to reverse fibrosis may be associated with the capacity of the flavonoid to decrease TGF‐β levels, hepatic stellate cell activation, and to promote degradation of the ECM by increasing metalloproteinases. The main conclusion is that quercetin, in addition to its liver protective activity against TAA chronic intoxication, is also capable of reversing a well‐stablished cirrhosis by blocking the prooxidant processes and by downregulating the inflammatory and profibrotic responses.
Memantine for the treatment of general neuropathic pain: a narrative review
Authors: Pickering Gisèle , Morel Véronique 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNeuropathic pain (NP) is difficult to treat and is associated with a decline in quality of life. NP aetiologies are numerous and a number of pathologies display neuropathic characteristics. Of the various N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate antagonists that are alternatives to be recommended in first‐line NP treatment, memantine has the safest side‐effect profile and has long been approved in Alzheimer's disease. The review covers memantine studies in postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic pain, postoperative pain, complex regional pain syndrome, chronic phantom limb pain, opioid‐refractory pain and fibromyalgia. Results were inconclusive because of studies with poor levels of evidence, paucity of trials and small samples. Two recent randomized trials, however, showed significant efficacy of memantine: one demonstrated prophylactic effects against postoperative neuralgia and pain‐associated psychological impairment; in the other, memantine improved pain and cognition in fibromyalgia. Both studies found no side effects or adverse events. Given the high rate of therapeutic failure in chronic states, often because of adverse events, the excellent benefit/risk ratio of memantine in these pilot studies encourages further exploration of this drug in NP prevention and in fibromyalgia in larger‐scale studies.
Warming of Subarctic waters accelerates development of a key marine zooplankton Calanus finmarchicus
Authors: Weydmann Agata , Walczowski Waldemar , Carstensen Jacob , Kwaśniewski Sławomir 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecent observations confirm the rising temperatures of Atlantic waters transported into the Arctic Ocean via the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC). We studied the overall abundance and population structure of the North Atlantic keystone zooplankton copepod Calanus finmarchicus, which is the main prey for pelagic fish and some seabirds, in relation to selected environmental variables in this area between 2001 and 2011, when warming in the Arctic and Subarctic was particularly pronounced. Sampling within a 3‐week time window each summer demonstrated that trends in the overall abundance of C. finmarchicus varied between years, with the highest values in “extreme” years, due to high numbers of nauplii and early copepodite stages in colder years (2001, 2004, 2010), and contrary to that, the fifth copepodite stage (C5) peaking in warm years (2006, 2007, 2009). The most influential environmental variable driving C. finmarchicus life cycle was temperature, which promoted an increased C5 abundance when the temperature was above 6°C, indicating earlier spawning and/or accelerated development, and possibly leading to their development to adults later in the summer and spawning for the second time, given adequate food supply. Based on the presented high interannual and spatial variability, we hypothesize that under a warmer climate, C. finmarchicus may annually produce two generations in the southern part of the WSC, what in turn could lead to food web reorganization of important top predators, such as little auks, and induce northward migrations of fish, especially the Norwegian herring.
Synthesis and characterization of rare earth‐doped silica nanoparticles for optimizing vapor phase doping technique
Authors: Saha Maitreyee , Sen Ranjan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of rare earth‐doped aluminosilicate soot particles through vapor phase doping technique has been systematically investigated to achieve better control of rare earth homogeneity in silica glass. The experiments were designed to establish the correlation of process conditions with the physicochemical properties of the formed soot particles. Attained results depict that the characteristics of soot particles are much dependent on vapor phase compositions as well as the deposition temperature. Doping of alumina/rare earth oxide into silica matrix lowers the viscosity of the glass material at a level where size of soot particles becomes independent of deposition temperature. But dopant concentration in the formed soot samples moderately depends on the main burner temperature and by altering it appropriately one can eliminate soot layer sintering step. The paper also reports on the optimum conditions which are necessary to produce rare earth‐doped preforms of better homogeneity and thus, assist in achieving greater control over the process technology of vapor phase doping. As per the authors’ knowledge, this investigation presents completely new findings which have not been reported by any other research group earlier.
Predictors of long‐term outcomes in patients with acute severe colitis: A northern Indian cohort study
Authors: Jain Saransh , Kedia Saurabh , Sethi Tavpritesh , Bopanna Sawan , Yadav Dawesh Prakash , Goyal Sandeep , Padhan Rajesh , Venigalla Pratap Mouli , Sahni Peush , Dash Nihar Ranjan , Pal Sujoy , Makharia Govind , Travis Simon P L , Ahuja Vineet 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground and AimKnowledge of long‐term outcomes following an index episode of acute severe colitis (ASC) can help informed decision making at a time of acute exacerbation especially when colectomy is an option. We aimed to identify long‐term outcomes and their predictors after a first episode of ASC in a large North Indian cohort.MethodsHospitalized patients satisfying Truelove and Witts' criteria under follow‐up at a single center from January 2003 to December 2013 were included. Patients avoiding colectomy at index admission were categorized as complete (≤ 3 non bloody stool per day) or incomplete responders, based upon response to corticosteroids at day 7. Random Forest‐based machine learning models were constructed to predict the long‐term risk of colectomy or steroid dependence following an index episode of ASC.ResultsOf 1731 patients with ulcerative colitis, 179 (10%) had an index episode of ASC. Nineteen (11%) patients underwent colectomy at index admission and 42 (26%) over a median follow‐up of 56 (1–159) months. Hazard ratio for colectomy for incomplete responder was 3.6 (1.7–7.5, P = 0.001) compared with complete responder. Modeling based on four variables, response at day 7 of hospitalization, steroid use during the first year of diagnosis, longer disease duration before ASC, and number of extra‐intestinal manifestations, was able to predict colectomy with an accuracy of 77%.ConclusionsDisease behavior of ASC in India is similar to the West, with a third undergoing colectomy at 10 years. Clinical features, especially response at day 7 hospitalization for index ASC, can predict both colectomy and steroid dependence with reasonable accuracy.
Trends in Aging‐Related Services During Nephrectomy: Implications for Surgery in an Aging Population
Authors: Tan Hung‐Jui , Litwin Mark S. , Chamie Karim , Saliba Debra , Hu Jim C. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo characterize the extent to which geriatric and related healthcare services are provided to older adults undergoing surgery for kidney cancer, a potential growth area in geriatrics and oncology.DesignPopulation‐based observational study.SettingSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer data linked with Medicare claims.ParticipantsAdults aged 65 and older with kidney cancer treated surgically from 2000 to 2009 (N = 19,129).MeasurementsReceipt of geriatric consultation, medical comanagement during the surgical hospitalization, inpatient physical or occupational therapy (PT/OT), and postacute PT/OT during the surgical care episode. Multivariable, mixed‐effects models were used to identify associated participant and hospital characteristics, examine trends over time, and characterize hospital‐level variation.ResultsGeriatric consultation occurred rarely in the perioperative period (2.6%). Medical comanagement (15.8%), inpatient PT/OT (34.2%), and postacute PT/OT (15.6%) occurred more frequently. In our mixed‐effects models, participant age and comorbidity burden appeared to be consistent determinants of use of services, although hospital‐level variation was also noted (P < .001). Use of geriatric consultation increased modestly in the latter years of the study period (P < .05). In contrast, medical comanagement (183%), inpatient PT/OT (73%), and postacute PT/OT (71%) increased substantially over the study period (P < .001).ConclusionAlthough geriatric consultation remained sparse, use of medical comanagement and rehabilitation services has grown considerably for older adults undergoing surgery for kidney cancer. Efforts to reorganize cancer and surgery care should explore reasons for variation and the potential for these service elements to meet the health needs of an aging population.
Manganese‐ and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium‐induced neurotoxicity display differences in morphological, electrophysiological and genome‐wide alterations: implications for idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mythri Rajeswara Babu , Raghunath Narayana Reddy , Narwade Santosh Chandrakant , Pandareesh Mirazkar Dasharatha Rao , Sabitha Kollarkandi Rajesh , Aiyaz Mohamad , Chand Bipin , Sule Manas , Ghosh Krittika , Kumar Senthil , Shankarappa Bhagyalakshmi , Soundararajan Soundarya , Alladi Phalguni Anand , Purushottam Meera , Gayathri Narayanappa , Deobagkar Deepti Dileep , Laxmi Thenkanidiyoor Rao , Srinivas Bharath Muchukunte Mukunda 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIdiopathic Parkinson's disease and manganese‐induced atypical parkinsonism are characterized by movement disorder and nigrostriatal pathology. Although clinical features, brain region involved and responsiveness to levodopa distinguish both, differences at the neuronal level are largely unknown. We studied the morphological, neurophysiological and molecular differences in dopaminergic neurons exposed to the Parkinson's disease toxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and manganese (Mn), followed by validation in the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine and Mn mouse models. Morphological analysis highlighted loss of neuronal processes in the MPP+ and not the Mn model. Cellular network dynamics of dopaminergic neurons characterized by spike frequency and inter‐spike intervals indicated major neuronal population (~ 93%) with slow discharge rates (0–5 Hz). While MPP+ exposure suppressed the firing of these neurons, Mn neither suppressed nor elevated the neuronal activity. High‐throughput transcriptomic analysis revealed up‐regulation of 694 and 603 genes and down‐regulation of 428 and 255 genes in the MPP+ and Mn models respectively. Many differentially expressed genes were unique to either models and contributed to neuroinflammation, metabolic/mitochondrial function, apoptosis and nuclear function, synaptic plasticity, neurotransmission and cytoskeleton. Analysis of the Janus kinase‐signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway with implications for neuritogenesis and neuronal proliferation revealed contrasting profile in both models. Genome‐wide DNA methylomics revealed differences between both models and substantiated the epigenetic basis of the difference in the Janus kinase‐signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. We conclude that idiopathic Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism have divergent neurotoxicological manifestation at the dopaminergic neuronal level with implications for pathobiology and evolution of novel therapeutics.
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Cover Image for this issue: doi. 10.1111/jnc.13821.
Phylogenetic and functional structure of climbing plant assemblages in woody patches advancing over Campos grassland
Authors: Seger Guilherme D. S. , Cappelatti Laura , Gonçalves Larissa O. , Becker Fernando G. , Melo Adriano S. , Duarte Leandro D. S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractQuestionAnalysing taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional species distribution across a metacommunity allows understanding of how landscape dynamics may influence forest expansion over grassland. In this context, climbing plants are particularly interesting vegetation components, since they actively prospect the best sunlight position, altering forest structure. We investigated if forest structure differentiation along a patch size/isolation gradient would determine the distribution of phylogenetic clades, dispersal and/or establishment‐related traits in climbing plant assemblages. We hypothesized that taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional species diversities would show a nested pattern along the gradient of increasing vegetation complexity. Furthermore, less mobile diaspores, as well as climbing mechanisms independent of support limitations, and deeper phylogenetic clades characterized by shade‐tolerant species would be associated with more developed and less isolated patches.LocationSubtropical grassland surrounded by Araucaria forest, southern Brazil.MethodWe recorded the composition and abundance of climbing plant species along a gradient of forest patches increasing in size and isolation from the surrounding continuous forest. We performed an analysis of principal coordinates of phylogenetic structure (PCPS) to investigate the distribution of phylogenetic clades across sites, tested its relationship with patch area and isolation using linear models, and for the correlation to species dispersal traits and climbing mechanisms. We employed the treeNODF (Nestedness based on Overlap and Decreasing Fill) method to estimate if there was a phylogenetic, compositional and/or functional nested pattern of the metacommunity structure during forest expansion over grassland.ResultsWe found that species composition distribution was explained by patch size and isolation, but not by phylogeny. Dispersal traits were more structured along the gradient compared to climbing mechanisms. We also found a nested pattern of combined species and phylogenetic/functional diversities, where smaller patches are subsets of larger patches and of continuous forest sites.ConclusionPatch area, isolation and dispersal traits play significant roles in the distribution of climbing plants during the process of forest advance over grassland, independently of phylogenetic relatedness among species. The nested pattern indicated that continuous forest and larger patches provide all the diaspores that colonize the smaller patches in this process, making them important targets for conservation.
Multiple introductions, admixture and bridgehead invasion characterize the introduction history of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe and Australia
Authors: van Boheemen Lotte A. , Lombaert Eric , Nurkowski Kristin A. , Gauffre Bertrand , Rieseberg Loren H. , Hodgins Kathryn A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAdmixture between differentiated populations is considered to be a powerful mechanism stimulating the invasive success of some introduced species. It is generally facilitated through multiple introductions; however, the importance of admixture prior to introduction has rarely been considered. We assess the likelihood that the invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia populations of Europe and Australia developed through multiple introductions or were sourced from a historical admixture zone within native North America. To do this, we combine large genomic and sampling data sets analysed with approximate Bayesian computation and random forest scenario evaluation to compare single and multiple invasion scenarios with pre‐ and postintroduction admixture simultaneously. We show the historical admixture zone within native North America originated before global invasion of this weed and could act as a potential source of introduced populations. We provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that the invasive populations established through multiple introductions from the native range into Europe and subsequent bridgehead invasion into Australia. We discuss the evolutionary mechanisms that could promote invasiveness and evolutionary potential of alien species from bridgehead invasions and admixed source populations.