bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The choice of anesthetics and the effect on the Hamilton depression rating scale in therapy resistant depression
Authors: van Mensvoort F. , Teijeiro Permuy R. , Rijnders C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe Dutch guideline ECT does not favor any anesthetic drug during electroconvulsive therapy. Although there are differences in seizure duration which may influence the effect of ECT, ethomidate, methohexital and propofol are “equal”. The influence of switching anesthetics during ECT is unknown. The reason for switching anesthetics is insufficient improvement in depressive symptomatology which is based on clinical picture. The Hamilton is a multiple item questionnaire which can give an indication of depression and which can evaluate recovery.ObjectivesDoes the choice of anesthetics or switching anesthetics influence the effect of ECT on the Hamilton depression rating scale?AimsTo determine whether the choice of anesthetic drugs in the case of switching influences the effect on the Hamilton depression rating scale.MethodsWe collected data of patients who received ECT for therapy resistant depression over the past five years. Choice of anesthetics, eventually switch and the score on the HDRS before and after ECT were included. The data was statistical analyzed.Results50 patients received ECT during past 5 years. ECT gives an improvement on the HDRS in all cases, whether there was a switch or not. Switching from methohexital to ethomidate when shock duration is less than 21 seconds gives a significant difference in improvement on the HDRS (BI 1.288 to 13.538) compared to patients who did not switch.ConclusionsThere are no significant differences on HDRS effect between the different anesthetics. Switching from methohexital to ethomidate gives a significant improvement on HDRS compared with no switch.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A new model as an early life manipulation: Fake mother
Authors: Kucukkarapinar M. , Dönmez A. , Candansayar S. , Bozkurt A. , Akçay E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEarly life stressful events cause long-term neural changes that are associated with psychiatric disorders.ObjectiveEarly life manipulations focus on commonly the impact of remaining separate from the mother in a specific period of time. The maternal odor is required for pups to approach the mother for nursing. What happens when there is a mother that smell like a real mother but does not take care her own pups?AimTo investigate the fake mother effects on adult rat's behavioral changes, NMDR2B protein level changes in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.MethodsWistar rats were used. Fake mother (n:13), early handling (n:12), maternal separation (n:14) and control (n:12) were the study groups. A fake mother is an object that smells like a real dam. When the real mother is separated from own pups fake mother stays with the pups for an hour. Manipulations were made during the postnatal first 14 days. Behavioral tests (social interaction test, elevated plus maze, novel object recognition test) were made between postnatal 62 and 78 days. NMDAR2B protein levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were evaluated by using ELISA at postnatal 78 days.ResultsIn social interaction test, fake mother group exhibited less social behavior and more aggressive behavior than the other groups. Their long-term memory functions were the lowest. NMDAR2B protein levels in the hippocampus increased in rats that exposed to early stressful life events.ConclusionThese results support that being raised by fake mother increases aggressive behavior and decrease social behavior in adulthood.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Harmane suppresses microglial neuroinflammatory response and induce antidepressant-like effect in rats
Authors: Aricioglu F. , Arkan G. , Kandemir C. , Sirvanci S. , Ozkartal C. , Utkan T. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveHarmane is a beta-carboline, which binds to imidazoline receptors and it has been previously shown that it may have an antidepressant effect when administered acutely. This study is planned to investigate the effect of harmane on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model and microglial (Iba-1) immunoreactivity in the same model as markers of neuroinflammation.MethodsMale Wistar Albino rats (290–360 g) were divided into groups such as control (saline), CUMS, CUMS + Imipramine (20 mg/kg; i.p.), CUMS + Harmane5 (5 mg/kg; i.p.), CUMS + Harmane10 (10 mg/kg; i.p.) groups (n = 10–12 in each). In CUMS model, various stressors were applied for 40 days. On day 20, harmane administration was started for 20 days. At the end, sucrose preference and forced swimming tests were performed. Then, brains were removed with paraformaldehyde perfusion for Iba-1 immunohistochemical analysis in hippocampus. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe time of immobility in forced swim test was significantly reduced while sucrose preference was increased in Imipramine and CUMS + harmane10 groups. In immunohistochemical experiments, Iba-1 were overexpressed in CUMS group and Harmane significantly reduced the overexpression of Iba-1.ConclusionOur results suggest that chronic administration of harmane has an antidepressant-like activity in chronic stress model of depression. These results support the notion of imidazoline receptors involvement in depression by modulating neuroinflammation and at least a part of its antidepressant effect might be through modulating microglial activation as a reflection of neuroinflammation.This research was supported by Marmara University, Scientific Research Projects – SAG-C-YLP-110915-0415 and SAG-E-120613-0233.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Negative aspects of self-stigma in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Vrbova K. , Prasko J. , Ociskova M. , Holubova M. , Kamaradova D. , Marackova M. , Grambal A. , Slepecky M. , Latalova K. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMost individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia must cope with some form of stigmatization. Different types of public stigma, self-stigma and label avoidance, may have negative consequences for these individuals.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to search the degree of self-stigma in schizophrenia and its association with the clinical and demographic factors.MethodsOne hundred and ninety-seven stabilized outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders participated in the study. The mean age of the sample was 40 years. All individuals completed the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI) and a demographic questionnaire. The disorder severity was assessed both by a psychiatrist (objCGI-S: the objective version of Clinical Global Impression – Severity scale) and by the patients (subjCGI-S: the subjective version of Clinical Global Impression – Severity scale).ResultsThe total score of the ISMI positively correlated with the severity of the disorder measured by the objCGI-S and the subjCGI-S. Additionally, the self-stigma positively correlated with the treatment duration, and the number of hospitalizations. The regression analysis identified these regressors as the most relevant to the self-stigma – the number of hospitalizations, the severity of the disorder rated by a psychiatrist, and the difference between the objective rating and the subjective rating of the severity of the disorder.ConclusionsOutpatients with psychosis, who have undergone a higher number of hospitalizations, dispose of a higher severity of the disorder and show a bigger discrepancy between their rating of the severity and the psychiatric rating, display a greater degree of self-stigma.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
U-47700: The new emerging opioid drug
Authors: Sanagustin Bosqued D. , De Dios Felis M. , Monteagudo Gimeno E. , Pérez Gonzaléz S. , Trabsa Biskri A. , Galindo Guarin L. , Grifell Guardia M. , Quintana Mathe P. , Torrens Melich M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe trans-3;4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamine) cyclohexyl) labelled as U-47700 has a high affinity with the selective receptor, considered to have 7.5 times the binding affinity of morphine; as a result, it is sold as a recreational drug because of its analgesic and euphoric effects. Several toxicity cases and some fatalities have been reported during 2016.ObjectivesTo describe the presence of trans-3;4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamine) cyclohexyl) in samples delivered to Energy Control during 2016 in Barcelona.MethodsFrom January 2016 to October 2016, 4031 samples were delivered and only those samples containing trans-3;4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamine) cyclohexyl) were studied, 6 of them were analysed as U-47700 (0.148%). Samples were analysed by energy control, a Spanish harm-reduction NGO that offers users the possibility of analysing the substances they intend to consume. Analysis was done by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsFrom the 6 samples that were analysed as trans-3;4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamine) cyclohexyl), the presentation of 4 of them was white powder and the rest were not described. The procedence of the samples was Canada (2), USA (1), Sweden (1), Holland (1) and the remaining sample was not described. All samples were received during 2016.ConclusionsThe use of trans-3;4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamine)cyclohexyl) is progressively increasing in Barcelona. Its harmful effects are being reported in recent medical literature and consumption represents an emerging issue, gaining popularity among recreational opioid users. It is potentially lethal when mixed with depressants like alcohol or benzodiazepines and overdose risk is higher compared to other opioids. This drug is not being detected by routine in medical test.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Attachment disorders in alcohol and gambling addicted patients: Preliminary evaluations
Authors: Testa R. , Grandinetti P. , Pascucci M. , Bruschi A. , Parente P. , Pozzi G. , Janiri L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe addictive behaviors can be seen as attachment disorders. In literature studies about the relationship between attachment styles and addictions are few. However, in addicted patients the identification of secure or insecure attachment styles seems to have serious implications for the therapeutic alliance and the treatment.ObjectivesTo study the relationships between different attachment styles and types of addiction (chemical or behavioral).AimsTo examine the role of attachment styles in patients with alcohol dependence (AD) or pathological gambling (PG).MaterialsWe recruited 29 with AD and 33 with GP according to DSM-IV-TR criteria; all patients were abstinent from addictive behaviors at least since one month, the experiences in close relationships (ECR) was administered for the study of attachment styles.ResultsPG compared to AD has higher raw scores both anxiety factor (P < 0.001) and avoidance factor (P = 0.003) at ECR. ECR ambivalent correlates with the diagnosis of PG (P = 0.010); ECR avoidant correlates with AD (P = 0.006); ECR anxiety shows a trend of correlation with the diagnosis of AD (P = 0.052). The subjects showed the following attachment styles (Table 1).ConclusionsThis is the first study that compares the attachment styles of patients AD and PG. We found differences in attachment styles of the two types of addiction, confirming the need of different approaches and then different types of treatment. Our findings need to be replicated in larger groups, also widening the target of other addictions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cyberbullying and suicidal ideation: Relationship with mood states and consumption of psychoactive substances
Authors: Silva D. , Nunes J. , Ferreira T. , Pissarra da Costa A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionCyberbullying is an emergent problem associated to terrible consequences, especially in young adults.ObjectivesTo analyse the levels of behaviours of victimization and aggression of cyberbullying, suicidal ideation, mood states and consumption of psychoactive substances in a sample of college students from the University of Beira Interior (UBI), as well as to analyse the relationship between these variables.MethodsAnalytical cross-sectional study that integrates quantitative methodology. Data collection took place via online survey in the population of students at the UBI (n = 475, 329 females, mean age 22.2 ± 4.1 years). The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic, mental health and internet use data and the Portuguese versions of self-reported scales to measure mood states, consumption of psychoactive substances, the levels of behaviours of victimization and aggression of cyberbullying and the levels of suicidal ideation.ResultsThe levels of aggression of cyberbullying were significantly higher in male students and in users of social networks. There was a significant positive correlation between behaviours of victimization and aggression of cyberbullying, and between them and suicidal ideation and negative affect. The levels of both behaviours of cyberbullying and suicidal ideation were significantly higher in students consuming alcohol with drugs, just drugs and sedatives. There was a significant positive correlation between suicidal ideation and negative affect and a significant negative correlation between suicidal ideation and positive affect.ConclusionsBoth behaviours of cyberbullying were significantly associated with suicidal ideation and negative affect. Thus, stands out the relevance of an earlier identification of these behaviours and an adequate intervention by health professionals.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A Survey of Female Sexual Functioning in the General Dutch Population
Authors: Lammerink Ellen A.G. , de Bock Geertruida H. , Pascal Astrid , van Beek Andre P. , van den Bergh Alfons C.M. , Sattler Margriet G.A. , Mourits Marian J.E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
After the diagnosis and treatment of disease, a major barrier to research on psychosexual functioning is the lack of a consistent estimate for the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in the general population.

Aim
To clarify the prevalence of age-related female sexual functioning in the general population.

Methods
A sample was compiled by random selection of women from the general population in the northern part of the Netherlands and was categorized by age. Women completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), personal medical items and daily activities, the Body Image Scale, the SF-36 Health Survey, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Participants' representativeness was assessed by comparing their characteristics with data from the Dutch Central Agency for Statistics and the Dutch Health Monitor. General health, fatigue, and well-being were compared with national or international data.

Outcomes
Age-related total and domain scores of the FSFI.

Results
We evaluated female sexual functioning of 521 sexually active women. For women 20 to 80 years old, sexual functioning showed wide variance and was poor in 28% of all sexually active women, with FSFI scores being below the defined clinical cutoff (FSFI score &lt; 26.55). Although sexual activity and functioning significantly decreased with increasing age, sexual satisfaction decreased only non-significantly.

Clinical Implications
This study provides valuable age-specific ranges for female sexual functioning in the general population and can inform upcoming clinical studies.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the largest study on female sexual function in a representative Dutch population using internationally validated tools and described by age categories, providing valuable information that can help in the understanding of how female sexual function changes with age. The FSFI has been criticized for not assessing personal distress related to sexual problems, so the lack of the Female Sexual Distress Scale in our study is an unfortunate shortcoming. The high rate of sexual inactivity (31%) resulted in fewer women being available to evaluate sexual functioning, but this could reflect the actual level of sexual (in)activity among women in a general population.

Conclusion
FSFI total and domain scores showed wide variation across all age categories, but overall, one in four sexually active women scored below the diagnostic cutoff score. Sexual activity and functioning also decreased with age, whereas sexual satisfaction decreased only slightly.
Sexual Activity and Physical Tenderness in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Prevalence and Associated Characteristics
Authors: Freak-Poli Rosanne , Kirkman Maggie , De Castro Lima Gustavo , Direk Nese , Franco Oscar H. , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundDespite a common misconception, older adults engage in sexual behavior. However, there is limited sexual behavior research in older adults, which is often restricted to small samples, to cohorts recruiting adults from 45 years old, and to questions regarding only sexual intercourse.AimTo assess the cross-sectional prevalence of and characteristics associated with sexual activity and physical tenderness in community-dwelling older adults.MethodsFrom the Rotterdam Study, sexual activity and physical tenderness were assessed in 2,374 dementia-free, community-dwelling men and women at least 65 years old from 2009 through 2012 in the Netherlands. Analyses were stratified by sex and partner status.OutcomesSexual activity and physical tenderness (eg, fondling or kissing) in the last 6 months. Potential associated characteristics included measurements of demographics, socioeconomic position, health behavior, and health status.ResultsThe vast majority of partnered participants (men, n = 858; women, n = 724) had experienced physical tenderness in the previous 6 months (83.7% of men and 82.9% of women) and nearly half had engaged in sexual activity (49.5% and 40.4% respectively). Very few unpartnered women (n = 675) had engaged in sexual activity (1.3%) or physical tenderness (5.2%), whereas prevalence rates were slightly higher for unpartnered men (n = 117; 13.7% or 17.1%). Engaging in sexual behavior was generally associated with younger age, greater social support, healthier behaviors, and better physical and psychological health.Clinical ImplicationsFindings show that older adults engage in sexual activity. It is important not to assume that an older person is not interested in sexual pleasure or that an older person is unhappy with not having a sexual partner. Offering an opportunity for open discussion of sexuality and medical assistance without imposing is a difficult balance. We encourage health care professionals to proactively address sexuality and extend knowledge about safe sex and sexual function to older adults.Strengths and LimitationsThus far, this is one of the largest samples of sexual behavior assessment in adults older than 60 years. Limitations of this study are common in sexual behavior research, including low sexual behavior engagement among unpartnered older adults and a small sample of unpartnered men, which restricted sex- and age-specific implications.ConclusionAlmost half of partnered older adults engaged in sexual activity and more than two thirds engaged in physical tenderness, but very few unpartnered older adults engaged in these behaviors. The greatest barrier to being sexually active at an older age is lack of a partner, which particularly affects women. Sexuality is an important aspect of active aging.
Ultrafast water sensing and thermal imaging by a metal-organic framework with switchable luminescence
Authors: Chen Ling , Ye Jia-Wen , Wang Hai-Ping , Pan Mei , Yin Shao-Yun , Wei Zhang-Wen , Zhang Lu-Yin , Wu Kai , Fan Ya-Nan , Su Cheng-Yong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA convenient, fast and selective water analysis method is highly desirable in industrial and detection processes. Here a robust microporous Zn-MOF (metal–organic framework, Zn(hpi2cf)(DMF)(H2O)) is assembled from a dual-emissive H2hpi2cf (5-(2-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)isophthalic acid) ligand that exhibits characteristic excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). This Zn-MOF contains amphipathic micropores (<3 Å) and undergoes extremely facile single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation driven by reversible removal/uptake of coordinating water molecules simply stimulated by dry gas blowing or gentle heating at 70 °C, manifesting an excellent example of dynamic reversible coordination behaviour. The interconversion between the hydrated and dehydrated phases can turn the ligand ESIPT process on or off, resulting in sensitive two-colour photoluminescence switching over cycles. Therefore, this Zn-MOF represents an excellent PL water-sensing material, showing a fast (on the order of seconds) and highly selective response to water on a molecular level. Furthermore, paper or in situ grown ZnO-based sensing films have been fabricated and applied in humidity sensing (RH<1%), detection of traces of water (<0.05% v/v) in various organic solvents, thermal imaging and as a thermometer.
Cryo-EM structure of haemoglobin at 3.2 Å determined with the Volta phase plate
Authors: Khoshouei Maryam , Radjainia Mazdak , Baumeister Wolfgang , Danev Radostin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWith the advent of direct electron detectors, the perspectives of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have changed in a profound way. These cameras are superior to previous detectors in coping with the intrinsically low contrast and beam-induced motion of radiation-sensitive organic materials embedded in amorphous ice, and hence they have enabled the structure determination of many macromolecular assemblies to atomic or near-atomic resolution. Nevertheless, there are still limitations and one of them is the size of the target structure. Here, we report the use of a Volta phase plate in determining the structure of human haemoglobin (64 kDa) at 3.2 Å. Our results demonstrate that this method can be applied to complexes that are significantly smaller than those previously studied by conventional defocus-based approaches. Cryo-EM is now close to becoming a fast and cost-effective alternative to crystallography for high-resolution protein structure determination.
Optical Read-out of Neural Activity in Mammalian Peripheral Axons: Calcium Signaling at Nodes of Ranvier
Authors: Fontaine Arjun K. , Gibson Emily A. , Caldwell John H. , Weir Richard F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCurrent neural interface technologies have serious limitations for advanced prosthetic and therapeutic applications due primarily to their lack of specificity in neural communication. An optogenetic approach has the potential to provide single cell/axon resolution in a minimally invasive manner by optical interrogation of light-sensitive reporters and actuators. Given the aim of reading neural activity in the peripheral nervous system, this work has investigated an activity-dependent signaling mechanism in the peripheral nerve. We demonstrate action potential evoked calcium signals in mammalian tibial nerve axons using an in vitro mouse model with a dextran-conjugated fluorescent calcium indicator. Spatial and temporal dynamics of the signal are presented, including characterization of frequency-modulated amplitude. Pharmacological experiments implicate T-type CaV channels and sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) as predominant mechanisms of calcium influx. This work shows the potential of using calcium-associated optical signals for neural activity read-out in peripheral nerve axons.