bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students' errors in solving mathematical story problems based on Polya's solution steps
Authors: Aeni Tia Nurul 
Published: September 2024

When given math problems in the form of story problems, many students make mistakes when solving them. This study aims to determine the location of student’s mistakes in solving math story problems based on Polya solving steps. This type of research used in this research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were 3 students from class X in Neglasari Village, Kadungora District, Garut Regency. Data collection procedures through interview tests and field notes. The stages of data analysis are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of the study, it showed that the errors of students at the stage of understanding the problem were 26%, errors at the planning stage of the completion plan were 7%, errors at the stage of completing the plan were 26%, and errors at the re-checking stage were 36%, These errors included not writing or being wrong in writing down what is known and asked, being unable to make mathematical models, being wrong in calculations, not writing conclutions and not checking answers.
Pada saat diberikan persoalan matematika dalam bentuk soal cerita, banyak siswa yang melakukan kesalahan pada saat menyelesaikannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui letak kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita matematika berdasarkan langkah penyelesaian Polya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 3 orang siswa dari kelas X yang ada di Desa Neglasari Kecamatan Kadungora Kabupaten Garut. Prosedur pengumpulan data melalui tes, wawancara, dan catatan lapangan. Tahap-tahap analisis data adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesalahan siswa pada tahap memahami masalah sebesar 26%, kesalahan pada tahap merencanakan rencana penyelesaian sebesar 7%, kesalahan pada tahap menyelesaikan rencana sebesar 26%, kesalahan pada tahap memeriksa kembali sebesar 39%. Kesalahan-kesalahan tersebut meliputi: tidak menuliskan atau keliru dalam menuliskan apa yang diketahui dan ditanyakan, tidak mampu membuat model matematika, keliru dalam perhitungan, tidak menulis kesimpulan, dan tidak memeriksa kembali jawaban.
Investigating Sustainability Reporting Standards in Multinational Canadian Publicly Traded Companies Operating in Emerging Economies
Authors: Ajibade Olalekan 
Published: September 2024

<p>This thesis seeks to investigate how sustainability reporting standards can be used to assess strategic performance in emerging economies by multinational Canadian publicly traded companies. Interviews were conducted and took place between July 2020 and July 2021. The organizational participants comprised a total of 22 sustainability experts and executives from eleven different multinational Canadian publicly traded companies operating in emerging economies. The in-depth semi-structured interviews were the primary method utilized to tackle the principal and sub-research questions. A critical review of the literature showed that relatively little research is dedicated to the methods employed in integrating and evaluating sustainability activities and performance from a strategic viewpoint. Consequently, this thesis seeks to address a significant research gap. </p>
<p>Building on the existing study, this study conducted a systematic review of sustainability or equivalent reports and semi-structured interview responses from the sustainability executives using qualitative content analysis. This thesis designed and proposed an original analytical framework that provides a systematic approach to the integration of sustainability with organizational processes and mainstream infrastructure of multinational Canadian publicly traded companies operating in emerging economies. The proposed analytical framework is reinforced by a sustainability integration strategy map and sustainability integration performance measures to help guide the implementation process. The proposed analytical framework, the supported strategy map, and performance measures are based on the “Balanced Scorecard Framework” and may help guide multinational Canadian publicly traded companies through the process of organizing and structuring sustainability into their critical business infrastructure. This study found that none of the organizational participants had utilized sustainability reporting standards to assess their strategic performance in emerging economies. The findings also illustrate how a ‘synergy’ and coherence can be created between strategic and sustainability performance measurements and sustainability reporting standards through an ‘aggregate measurement’ process.</p>
Recent Advances on Impedimetric Electroanalysis with Non-commercial Portable Instruments: A Mini Review
Authors: Vilasó-Cadre Javier E. , Reyes-Domínguez Iván A. , Cruz Roel , Rosales-Marín Gilberto , Rodríguez-Torres Israel , Castillo-Magallanes Néstor , Hidalgo-Viteri Juan , Turdean Graziella Liana , Hidalgo Luis 
Published: September 2024

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is one of the most important methods for studying the electrochemical interface. The instrumentation for its implementation consists of an electrochemical cell and a potentiostat with a frequency analyzer. Several authors have demonstrated the feasibility of designing and constructing low-cost, in-lab portable potentiostats for EIS. This type of electrochemical instrument reduces research costs, allows in-field analysis, enables adaptation to specific experimental conditions, as well as modern capabilities such as machine learning (ML) techniques or Internet of Things (IoT) integration. The use of portable EIS devices for substance identification and quantification, i.e., electroanalysis, has been reported. Although these applications are more limited than for interface characterization, some progress has been made in recent years. This paper presents a mini-review of EIS electroanalysis performed with in-lab portable instruments. The aim is to show different options for the implementation of EIS as investigation technique when portability is needed for in-field impedimetric analysis or applications where available commercial instruments do not work.
Legal Effects Of Fiduciary Guarantee Registration In Online Systems
Authors: Kurniawan Deni , Anggoro Teddy 
Published: September 2024

Fiduciary security institutions are regulated through legislation, Act No. 42 of 1999. This law governs the obligation of the registration of fiduciary security in order to provide legal certainty to the interested parties and this fiduciary security registration gives the rights of preference to the fiduciary recipient of other creditors. In 2013, the Government issued a regulation to Administration System of Fiduciary Security Registration electronically in order to improve services to people who need legal services in the field of fiduciary security. Laws of Fiduciary Security are positive law applicable to the fiduciary security, but there are some things that are not regulated in the law, that is, the registration done with the online system and the legal consequences that are not registered. This study used normative legal research, which explains the existence of the absence of norms in the Law of Fiduciary Security, i.e. the registration done with the online system and the legal consequences of fiduciary security which are not registered. This study used a source of legal materials consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results showed that registration of fiduciary security with the online system is regulated through the Regulation of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia Number 9 of 2013 concerning the electronic imposition of Fiduciary Security and Regulation of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 2013 concerning the System for Registration of Fiduciary Security done Electronically. The legal consequence of the Agreement of Fiduciary Security which is not registered with the online system is that it does not produce the collateral agreement of the fiduciary security so that the collateral character such as droit de suite and the rights of preference is not inherent in the creditor of the grantor of the fiduciary security and it does not have the executorial power.
Портрет російського дипломата у повсякденному житті його подільського помістя кінця 18 ст.: Аркадій Морков
Authors: Zemskyi Yurii , Mudryk Yurii 
Published: September 2024

Мета статті – на життєвому прикладі Аркадія Моркова, одного із чільних російських дипломатів, відтворено зміст характерних рис світоглядно-правового мислення та поведінки представників правлячої еліти росіян у період розширення кордонів імперії кінця 18 ст., у зіткненні зі світоглядними переконаннями і традиціями поведінки представників привілейованих верств у системі європейського політичного простору.
Наукова новизна. На документальних джерелах розкрито особливості поведінки провідних вельмож Російської імперії, котрі, отримавши великі землеволодіння у Подільській губернії, прагнули чимшвидше встановити звичні для російської системи суспільно-політичних відносин порядки, вступаючи через те у непримиренний конфлікт із емансипованим світоглядно-правовим мисленням, звичним для станової еліти і навіть для нижчих верств Українського Правобережжя.
Висновки. Прихильність сучасних росіян до жорстко централізованої системи політичного правління у власній державі значною мірою справедливо обумовлюється історичною спадщиною. Адже питомо російським механізмом, що традиційно лежить в основі побудови та функціонування їхнього соціуму – є принцип абсолютної залежності соціально-політичного успіху/неуспіху всіх осіб (незалежно від щабля розташування в ієрархії) від рівня довіри/недовіри з боку «першої особи», чи то наближеного до «першої особи» довіреного оточення. Водночас, повна залежність навіть «кровно» знатних і впливових сановників від «волі й ласки» «першої особи» компенсується абсолютним зазвичай самовладдям у межах отриманих «за вірну службу» територіальних/адміністративних вотчин.
Така усталена для росіян світоглядно-правова парадигма мислення та поведінка була і залишається категорично неприйнятною й навіть відразною для традиційного європейського середовища, в якому сформувалася, в тому числі, польська та українська національно-світоглядні системи. Оскільки особа, почуваючись вільною – завжди підкреслено шанує власний індивідуалізм і повсякчас прагне забезпечити собі збереження особистої свободи, як головної ознаки людської гідності та честі, а на тому будується також і самоповага.
Київський землеробський синдикат (1894-1919 рр.): основні напрями діяльності для потреб сільського господарства на теренах України
Authors: Chalavan Victor 
Published: September 2024

Метою статті є аналіз основних напрямів діяльності Київського землеробського синдикату (1894-1919 рр.), направлених на розвиток сільського господарства та сільськогосподарської промисловості на теренах України.
Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у комплексній оцінці усіх складових діяльності Київського землеробського синдикату для потреб сільського господарства на основі уперше введених до наукового обігу документів.
Висновки. До основних завдань Київського землеробського синдикату, що функціонував у 1894-1919 рр., належало сприяння сільським господарям у придбанні дешевих, але якісних продуктів і предметів вжитку, сільськогосподарських машин і знарядь, а також у збуті на внутрішніх і зовнішніх ринках вироблених господарствами товарів без послуг посередників.
Поряд із функціями посередництва та постачання перед синдикатом стояла низка важливих науково-практичних завдань: влаштування лабораторій і дослідних станцій з метою допомоги як своїм членам, так і розвитку сільського господарства регіону. Київському землеробському синдикату, поряд з низкою фахових сільськогосподарських товариств та інших об’єднань, належить вагома заслуга в організаційному забезпеченні розвитку контрольно-насіннєвої справи на теренах України у кінці 19 – на початку 20 ст.
Створення у 1897 р. Київської контрольної насіннєвої станції і хімічної лабораторії за підтримки синдикату сприяло системним науковим дослідженням якості посівного насіння й інших продуктів сільськогосподарського виробництва. У науковій літературі утвердилася думка, що станція та лабораторія, незмінно очолювані відомими вченими-аграріями П.Р. Сльозкіним (1897-1900), С.Л. Франкфуртом (1900-1913) і В.В. Задлером (1913-1919), стали центрами контрольно-насіннєвої справи для цукробурякового виробництва Південно-Західного регіону Російської імперії, започаткувавши теоретично, методично та практично новий напрям у вітчизняному насінництві – контроль якості насіннєвого матеріалу.
Ентомологічна станція, заснована при Київському землеробському синдикаті у 1903 р. (у подальшому – «Станція по боротьбі зі шкідниками рослин»), стала першою у Російській імперії установою подібного типу, завдячуючи діяльності видатного зоолога-ентомолога В.П. Поспєлова. Станція здійснила вагомий внесок у справу захисту сільськогосподарських рослин від шкідників.
Proteomics of severe SARS-COV-2 infection and paraquat poisoning in human lung tissue samples: comparison of microbial infected and toxic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Min Jiang , Jiaqi Hou , Lihua Lin , Qianqian Chai , Shujuan Wang , Xiang Liu , Liang Liu , Liang Ren , Yiwu Zhou , Qian Liu 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionPulmonary fibrosis (PF) encompasses a spectrum of lung conditions characterized by the abnormal accumulation of scar tissue in the lungs, leading to impaired respiratory function. Various conditions can result in severe PF, among which viral infections have emerged as significant triggers. In addition to viral infections, exposure to toxic substances such as paraquat represents another significant risk factor for PF. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the dissimilarities and similarities between PF triggered by viral infections and chemical toxicants, using the mechanism of PF in IPF as a reference.MethodsData-independent acquisition proteomics technology was employed to identify COVID-19 and paraquat-induced PF from the autopsy of lung tissue samples obtained from individuals who died due to PF. Bioinformatics was employed for differential protein analysis, and selected indicators were validated on pathological sections.ResultsOur results showed that the differential proteins associated with the two causes of PF were enriched in similar lung fibrosis-related signaling pathways, such as the Wnt signaling pathway. However, differences were observed in proteins such as CACYBP, we verified the consistency of the results with proteomics using the IHC approachConclusionThis study illuminates distinct protein-level differences by investigating pulmonary fibrosis pathways in severe COVID-19 and paraquat poisoning. Although both conditions activate lung-protective and repair pathways, COVID-19 shows limited phosphorylation-independent ubiquitination of β-catenin compared to paraquat toxicity. These findings shed light on potential therapeutic targets for PF induced via diverse factors.
Differences in cardiovascular risk factors associated with sex and gender identity, but not gender expression, in young, healthy cisgender adults
Authors: Williams Jennifer S. , Wiley Elise , Cheng Jem L. , Stone Jenna C. , Bostad William , Cherubini Joshua M. , Gibala Martin J. , Tang Ada , MacDonald Maureen J. 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundSex differences exist in cardiovascular disease risk factors including elevated blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and decreased endothelial function in males compared to females. Feminine gender expression may be associated with elevated risk of acute coronary syndrome. However, no study has investigated the associations between sex, gender identity, and gender expression and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults.MethodsOne hundred and thirty participants (22 ± 3 years) underwent assessments of hemodynamics, arterial stiffness [pulse wave velocity (PWV)], and brachial artery endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation; %FMD). Participants completed a questionnaire capturing sex category (50 male/80 female), gender identity category (49 men/79 women/2 non-binary), and aspects of gender expression assessed by the Bem Sex Role Inventory-30 (39 androgynous/33 feminine/29 masculine/29 undifferentiated). Sex/gender identity category groups were compared using unpaired t-tests and gender expression groups compared using one-way ANOVAs.ResultsResting systolic and mean arterial pressure (p &lt; 0.01) were elevated in males vs. females. Central PWV was elevated in males [median (interquartile range): 6.4 (1.8) vs. 5.8 (2.2) m/s, p = 0.02]; however, leg and arm PWV were not different between sexes. %FMD was elevated in males vs. females, after accounting for a larger baseline artery diameter in males (8.8 ± 3.3% vs. 7.2 ± 3.1%, p = 0.02); since the majority of participants were cisgender, the same results were found examining gender identity (men vs. women). There were no differences across gender expression groups (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsSex/gender identity category, but not gender expression, influence cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, arterial stiffness, endothelial function) in cisgender adults; further research is needed in gender-diverse populations.
Humoral and cellular immune response from first to fourth SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in anti-CD20-treated multiple sclerosis patients—a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Novak Frederik , Nilsson Anna Christine , Christensen Emil Birch , Stougaard Caroline Louise , Barnkob Mike Bogetofte , Holm Dorte K. , Witt Agnes Hauschultz , Byg Keld-Erik , Johansen Isik S. , Nielsen Christian , Sejbaek Tobias 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThis study examines the humoral and cellular response in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients on anti-CD20 therapy before and after the 1st to 4th BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and the relationship with breakthrough infection.MethodsParticipants with McDonald 2017 MS that were treated with ocrelizumab were included. The study duration was throughout the COVID-19 pandemic until four months after fourth mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (BNT162b2). Longitudinal blood samples were analysed for: IgG antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 spike anti-receptor binding domain (anti-RBD), nucleocapsid IgG antibodies (anti-N) and activation induced marker expressing CD4+, CD8+ T-cells and concentration of ocrelizumab and anti-drug antibodies. Incidences of breakthrough infection were confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests.ResultsThe rate of anti-RBD positive participants increased substantially between the third and fourth vaccination from 22.2% to 55.9% (median 54.7 BAU/mL; IQR: 14.5 – 221.2 BAU/mL and 607.7 BAU/mL; IQR: 29.4 – 784.6 BAU/mL, respectively). Within the same period 75% of participants experienced breakthrough infection. The fourth vaccination resulted in an additional increase in seropositive individuals (64.3%) (median 541.8 BAU/mL (IQR: 19.1-1007 BAU/mL). Breakthrough infection did not influence the cellular response without a significant change after the fourth vaccination. During the study period two participants had detectable anti-N, both after the fourth vaccination. No correlation was found between serum concentration of ocrelizumab and the humoral and cellular response.DiscussionLow levels or absence of specific anti-RBD following vaccination, with a significant increase after breakthrough infections and boosted by the fourth vaccination. T-cell reactivity remained sustained and unaffected by breakthrough infections.
Type V collagen-induced nasal tolerance prevents lung damage in an experimental model: new evidence of autoimmunity to collagen V in COPD
Authors: Robertoni Fabíola Santos Zambon , Velosa Ana Paula Pereira , Oliveira Luana de Mendonça , Almeida Francine Maria de , Silveira Lizandre Keren Ramos da , Queiroz Zelita Aparecida de Jesus , Lobo Thays de Matos , Contini Vitória Elias , Baldavira Camila Machado , Carrasco Solange , Fernezlian Sandra de Morais , Sato Maria Notomi , Capelozzi Vera Luiza , Lopes Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino dos Santos , Teodoro Walcy Paganelli Rosolia 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been linked to immune responses to lung-associated self-antigens. Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS), the main cause of COPD, causes chronic lung inflammation, resulting in pulmonary matrix (ECM) damage. This tissue breakdown exposes collagen V (Col V), an antigen typically hidden from the immune system, which could trigger an autoimmune response. Col V autoimmunity has been linked to several lung diseases, and the induction of immune tolerance can mitigate some of these diseases. Evidence suggests that autoimmunity to Col V might also occur in COPD; thus, immunotolerance to Col V could be a novel therapeutic approach.ObjectiveThe role of autoimmunity against collagen V in COPD development was investigated by analyzing the effects of Col V-induced tolerance on the inflammatory response and lung remodeling in a murine model of CS-induced COPD.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: one exposed to CS for four weeks, one previously tolerated for Col V and exposed to CS for four weeks, and one kept in clean air for the same period. Then, we proceeded with lung functional and structural evaluation, assessing inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inflammatory markers in the lung parenchyma, inflammatory cytokines in lung and spleen homogenates, and T-cell phenotyping in the spleen.ResultsCS exposure altered the structure of elastic and collagen fibers and increased the pro-inflammatory immune response, indicating the presence of COPD. Col V tolerance inhibited the onset of emphysema and prevented structural changes in lung ECM fibers by promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment in the lung and inducing Treg cell differentiation.ConclusionInduction of nasal tolerance to Col V can prevent inflammatory responses and lung remodeling in experimental COPD, suggesting that autoimmunity to Col V plays a role in COPD development.