bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased 5‐hydroxymethylation levels in the hippocampus of rat extinguished from cocaine self‐administration
Authors: Sadakierska‐Chudy Anna , Frankowska Małgorzata , Wydra Karolina , Jastrzębska Joanna , Miszkiel Joanna , Filip Małgorzata 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDrug craving and relapse risk during abstinence from cocaine are thought to be caused by persistent changes in transcription and chromatin regulation. Although several brain regions are involved in these processes, the hippocampus seems to play an important role in context‐evoked craving and drug‐seeking behavior. Only a few studies have examined epigenetic alterations during a period of cocaine abstinence. To investigate the effects of cocaine abstinence on DNA methylation and gene expression, rats that self‐administered the drug underwent cocaine abstinence in two time points with extinction training. During the cocaine extinction, we observed elevated global 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine(5‐hmC) levels with a concurrent increase in Tet3 transcript levels. Moreover, we did not find significant alterations in the levels of Tet3 mRNA and 5‐hmC in rats subjected to cocaine abstinence without extinction training. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that the expression of Tet3 target genes was activated. Besides, altered DNA methylation was detected at promoter regions of miRNAs, such as miR‐30d and miR‐let7i. Further in silico analysis provided evidence that these two molecules targeted the 3′ UTR region of the Tet3 gene and thus may contribute to its post‐transcriptional regulation. This study has presented novel findings in the hippocampus of rats that underwent extinction training following cocaine self‐administration. The alterations in the Tet3 gene expression and the level of 5‐hmC may play an important role in extinction learning and the reduction of subsequent cocaine seeking.
Intraperitoneal gardiquimod protects against hepatotoxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation in mice with sepsis
Authors: Guo Suqian , Zhang Yu , Wang Zhifen , Yu Yonghao , Wang Guolin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMany reports recapitulate the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) over‐accumulation to the organ damage; it is of significance to strictly target ROS production. In this study, we evaluated the potential role of TLR7 agonist gardiquimod (GDQ) in oxidative stress (OS) in liver injury induced by sepsis. Here, we observed that intraperitoneal pretreatment with GDQ dramatically elevated the septic survival rate and effectively attenuated the septic liver injury. Interestingly, the increased ROS and inflammatory factor IL‐6 levels were reversed after GDQ intervention. Subsequently, Western blot was employed to determine the definite mechanism. As expected, it was showed that the upregulation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)/c‐Jun pathway in liver of septic animals was considerably suppressed by GDQ pre‐exposure. Our current result highlight that pre‐administration of GDQ ameliorated sepsis induced hepatotoxicity and reduced the generation of IL‐6 and OS responses, which was associated with downregulation of JNK/c‐Jun pathway. Our strategies might be ultimately beneficial in mitigating liver injury symptom.
Exosomes Transfer Among Different Species Cells and Mediating miRNAs Delivery
Authors: Zhou Yueyuan , Tian Tian , Zhu Yanliang , Jaffar Ali Doulathunnisa , Hu Feihu , Qi Yuhua , Sun Bo , Xiao Zhongdang 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTExosomes, the natural vehicles of intercellular communication, transfer proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs) and mediate many physiological and pathological processes. It is not clear that whether exosomal miRNAs could regulate gene expression across species, though some studies suggest interactions of exosomal miRNAs between cells. In this report, we have isolated exosomes from rat PC12 cells and assessed their internalization by human cancer Hela cells. The internalized exosomes were located in Hela lysosomes. Human PTEN expression was significantly deregulated due to miR‐21 delivered by rat cell exosomes. Our results prove that exosomes could incorporate between cells of different species and could regulate the protein expressions in the recipient cells by delivering the enclosed miRNAs. Thus our study foreshadows a futuristic treatment approach of utilizing miRNA enclosed exosome vehicles sans species concerns in combating various diseases/ regulating abnormal proteins. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4267–4274, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel Metal Ion Removal Method Using Protonated Hydrogel
Authors: Gotoh Takehiko , Nakata Daiki , Ogawa Asuka , Iizawa Takashi 
Published: April 2017

SummaryHydrogels based on copolymers of N‐[3‐(dimethylamino)propyl] acrylamide (DMAPAA), N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) and N,N’‐methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBAA) were prepared as selective metal ion removal media. MBAA was used as a crosslinking agent for the DMAPAA and DMAA monomers. Polymerization mixtures were polymerized to create cylindrical shapes. The hydrogels were protonated when they were swelled in water and exhibited higher pH value inside than surrounding water because of Donnan effect. The pH value of the hydrogel could be changed by the concentration of DMAPAA monomers at the preparation. Metal ion removal experiments were carried out by swelling the hydrogels in metal ion aqueous solutions. The metal ions diffused in to the hydrogels to produce metal hydroxide in the hydrogel. The hydrogel with metal hydroxide in them were easily separated from the solution. The removal ratio of the metal increased with increasing the swelling time. The removal amount of the metal in the hydrogel was increased with the concentration of the metal ions in the solution. The selective removal of a certain metal ion from the mixed metal ion solutions was attained by controlling the pH value of the hydrogel. The results obtained here suggest the possibilities of the novel metal ion removal method replacing the coagulation and/or adsorption methods.
Adsorption Properties of Stearyl Acrylate Gel for VOC Observed by QCM‐A
Authors: Seida Yoshimi , Suzuki Takahiro 
Published: April 2017

SummaryStearyl acrylate (SA) organogel was synthesized in various solvent systems in this study. The SA gel undergoes an order‐disorder phase transition that is dependent on temperature. The swelling properties of the SA gel were investigated as a function of temperature, for a series of liquid volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The swelling volume of the dry SA gels depended on the octanol‐water partition coefficient (logPow) and vapor density of the VOCs. Dried SA gel did not absorb or swell in water and lower alcohols, which included the gel synthesized in ethanol and oleyl alcohol. The temperature dependence of the phase of the SA gel was observed from a viscoelastic point of view, using a quartz crystal microbalance with admittance analysis (QCM‐A), which was coupled with the gel. The phase behavior of the gel during the temperature scans was identified based on the resonance frequency, fs, and resistance, R, in the QCM oscillation. The adsorption behavior of the SA gel for the series of VOC gases was then investigated using the gel coupled with the QCM as the function of phase of the SA gel. The adsorption properties of the SA gel were also identified using the fs and R from the viewpoint of the viscoelastic phase response of the gel. The difference in adsorption behaviors observed in fs and R, between ordered and disordered phases of the gel, was clarified.
Effect of TiH2 Particle Size and Content on the Underwater Explosion Performance of RDX‐Based Explosives
Authors: Xue Bing , Ma Honghao , Shen Zhaowu , Ren Lijie , Lin Moujin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractExperiments were conducted to study the underwater explosion performance of titanium hydride/RDX‐based (TiH2/RDX) composite explosive. Cylinder charges with different TiH2 particle sizes and contents were prepared and tested. Explosion parameters like peak overpressure, impulse, shock energy, and bubble energy were analyzed. It was notable that underwater explosion performance of TiH2/RDX composite explosive was promoted by addition of small particle size TiH2 (D50=0.96 μm), in which case increasing TiH2 content also showed a favorable effect. The maximum increments of specific initial shock energy, bubble energy, and total energy were 10.5%, 6.4%, and 7.1% respectively. However, with bigger TiH2 particle sizes (D50=20.78 μm, D50=136.74 μm), the explosion parameters and the TiH2 content showed a negative relationship, which reveals that TiH2 particle size plays an important role in determining the reactivity of TiH2. Meanwhile, the interaction between TiH2 particle size and content was significant.
Androgen receptor‐regulated miRNA‐193a‐3p targets AJUBA to promote prostate cancer cell migration
Authors: Jia Li , Gui Bin , Zheng Dali , Decker Keith F. , Tinay Ilker , Tan Mingyue , Wang Xiaowei , Kibel Adam S. 
Published: April 2017

Background Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression is implicated in cancer development and progression by modulating oncogenes or tumor suppressors at the post‐transcriptional level.Methods To investigate the role of miRNAs in prostate cancer (PCa) progression, we performed small RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis in androgen‐dependent LNCaP cells and LNCaP‐derived castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) C4‐2B cells. For functional validation, we specifically investigated miR‐193a‐3p, which is highly upregulated in C4‐2B cells and modulated by the androgen receptor (AR). We elucidated the role of miR‐193a‐3p and its downstream target gene in PCa cell migration using biochemical approaches.Results We identified a subset of differentially expressed miRNAs in C4‐2B cells compared to LNCaP cells. Computational analysis shows that the targets of upregulated miRNAs are significantly associated with downregulated protein‐coding mRNAs in C4‐2B cells. Gene Ontology analysis further reveals that these downregulated mRNAs are significantly enriched in cell‐cell adhesion functions. Downregulation of these miRNA‐targeted genes may change PCa cell motility resulting in the acquisition of metastatic potential. We then focus on miR‐193a‐3p and demonstrate overexpression of miR‐193a‐3p increases cell migration through downregulating its target AJUBA. AJUBA is a LIM domain protein and contributes to the formation and stability of cadherin‐mediated cell‐cell adhesion. Loss of AJUBA enhances PCa migration and downregulation of AJUBA expression is observed in metastatic PCa tumors.Conclusions Our results suggest a novel AR/miR‐193a‐3p/AJUBA pathway implicated in PCa progression. MiR‐193a‐3p is a potential therapeutic target for metastatic PCa.
Nanospray liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis of steroids from gray whale blubber
Authors: Hayden Mary , Bhawal Ruchika , Escobedo John , Harmon Clinton , O'Hara Todd M. , Klein David , San‐Francisco Susan , Zabet‐Moghaddam Masoud , Godard‐Codding Céline A. J. 
Published: April 2017

RationaleAnalysis of steroids from precious blubber biopsies obtained from marine mammals, especially endangered species, can provide valuable information on their endocrine status. Challenges with currently used ELISA methodology include lack of absolute quantitation and incompatibility with multiple steroids analysis due to limited biopsy mass. Development of a sensitive, accurate analytical method for this purpose is critical.MethodsA nanospray liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC/MS/MS) method was validated for sensitive, specific and quantitative analysis of three steroid hormones, without derivatization, extracted from 50 mg blubber samples. Data was acquired with an LTQ XL ion trap mass spectrometer in positive ion mode, using single reaction monitoring. All three steroids were analyzed in a single run. Cholic acid was used as a surrogate internal standard for quantitation due to its steroidal structure and lack of measurable endogenous levels in blubber.ResultsThe lowest limits of quantitation for progesterone, testosterone, and hydrocortisone were significantly improved compared to previous studies using conventional LC/MS/MS. The lowest limit of detection was 7 fg/μL using a 1 μL injection volume. Calibration curves for steroid quantification showed good linearity (r2 >0.99) between 14 and 3620 fg/μL, and accuracy was <20% for interday and <10% for intraday. After validation, the method was successfully applied to quantification of steroids in gray whale blubber samples.ConclusionsThe nanoLC/MS/MS method is more sensitive than traditional LC/MS/MS for steroid analysis. It is also compatible with other important biopsy analyses due to its small blubber mass requirement. This will benefit the reproductive and stress assessments for all marine mammals, particularly endangered populations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetic Analysis of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) Performed with a Cobalt‐Phosphate Electrocatalyst
Authors: Sonwalkar Hanumantrao S. , Haram Santosh K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCobalt Phosphate is among the important class of non‐precious electro catalyst studied extensively for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER). Herein, we used force convection controlled hydrodynamic method to estimate the kinetic parameters of OER on cobalt phosphate films. For that, the films were deposited on Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) by electrochemical methods. The measurements have been done as a function of rpm and overpotentials. From the Koutecky‐Levich and Tafel plots analysis, exchange current density (jo), standard rate constant (ko) and transfer coefficient (α) have been estimated. Pseudo first order rate constants at various overpotentials have been found to be in the range ∼10−4 cms−1. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) has been used to confirm that oxygen evolution is exclusively taking place on the cobalt phosphate film and the Pt substrate has no contribution.
Selective Luminescence‐Based Detection of Cd2+ and Zn2+ Ions in Water Using a Proton‐Transferred Coordination Polymer‐Amine Conjugate Pair
Authors: Singha Debal Kanti , Majee Prakash , Mondal Sudip Kumar , Mahata Partha 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA proton‐transferred coordination polymer‐amine conjugate pair {(H2pip)[Mn(pydc‐2,5)2(H2O)]⋅2H2O}{H2pip=piperazinediium, pydc‐2,5=pyridine‐2,5‐dicarboxylate}, 1, has been successfully synthesized using hydrothermal technique. Single crystal X‐ray data of 1confirmed one‐dimensional anionic metal‐organic coordination polymer hydrogen bonded with protonated piprazine (piperazinediium) and lattice water molecules. The phase purity of 1isconfirmed by powder x‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. Compound 1 is water soluble in nature and its aqueous solution gives intense luminescence emission at 415 nm upon excitation at 310 nm. This luminescence emission shows many fold turn on behaviour in presence of trace amount (ppb level) of Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions in aqueous medium. The luminescence intensity of compound 1 either remains unaltered or quenches to some extent in the presence of other common metal ions such asNa+,K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+,Mn2+, Pb2+, Cr3+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+,Fe2+and Fe3+. The turn on luminescence based selectivity of compound 1 towards the detection of Cd2+ and Zn2+ remains unaltered even in the presence of the quenchable metal ions like Hg2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+,Fe2+and Fe3+.
Self‐Assembly of Chalcogenolato‐Bridged Ester and Amide Functionalized Dinuclear Re(I) Metallacycles: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Preliminary Cytotoxicity Studies
Authors: Karthikeyan Muthuraman , Govindarajan Ramadoss , Duraisamy Ezhumalai , Veena Vijayakumar , Sakthivel Natarajan , Manimaran Bala. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFunctionalized pyridyl ditopic ligands 1,2‐phenylene diisonicotinate (pdi) (L1) and N,N′‐4‐pyridylcarboxamide‐4‐pyridylcarboxyl‐1,2‐benzene (pcpcb) (L2) comprising ester/ester and amide backbone have been synthesized and utilized for the preparation of novel series of chalcogenolato‐bridged rhenium(I) metallacycles [(CO)3Re(μ‐ER)2Re(CO)3(μ‐pdi)] (1–4) and [(CO)3Re(μ‐ER)2Re(CO)3(μ‐pcpcb)] (5–8) (E=S, Se and Te; R=butyl and phenyl). Synthesis of metallacycles 1‐8 has been accomplished by the oxidative addition of dialkyl/diaryl dichalcogenide to rhenium carbonyl with ester/ester and amide functionalized pyridyl ditopic ligand in one‐pot reaction. The pyridyl ligands and metallacycles were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR and UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopic techniques. Molecular structure of the metallacycles 2–4 and 7 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. Preliminary cytotoxic activities of the ligands and metallacycles were studied on various cancer and normal cells. The results revealed that the metallacycles selectively inhibited certain cancer cells but not the normal cells.
A reassessment of the role of guild courts in disputes over apprenticeship contracts: a case study from early modern Italy
Authors: CARACAUSI ANDREA 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article analyses the mechanisms of conflict resolution in apprenticeship contracts using a large database of disputes from early modern Italy. It finds that the guild court under investigation (the Padua Woollen Guild court) did not enforce training contracts, but rather sought to improve on incomplete contracts by adding clauses, thereby helping individuals renegotiate and redefine the contractual arrangements into which they had decided to enter. However, power relations within the court operated largely in favour of employers, both merchants and master craftsmen. The article concludes that alternative contract enforcement systems, such as municipal or state courts, were probably better suited than corporative systems for resolving disputes surrounding apprenticeship.
Introduction: Commercial quarrels – and how (not) to handle them
Authors: WIJFFELS ALAIN 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe settlement of structural commercial conflicts of interest cannot be exclusively subsumed under the heading of dispute resolution. Even when a particular conflict opposing specific individuals or groups of interests could be settled, the broader underlying conflicts of interest would subsist and re-emerge. Both commercial and institutional or political actors would therefore rely on various techniques of conflict management, a process imposing restraint on the opposing parties while allowing sufficient leeway for business to be continued. Both conflict resolution and conflict management were devices of public and corporate governance, and therefore, following the late medieval tradition, instruments more or less based on established patterns of legal or quasi-legal models legitimised by accepted or conventional parameters of ‘justice’.
Fathering moderates the effects of maternal depression on the family process
Authors: Vakrat Adam , Apter-Levy Yael , Feldman Ruth 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMaternal depression negatively impacts children's development, yet few studies have focused on fathering and the family process in cases of maternal depression. A community cohort of married/cohabitating women was recruited on the second postbirth day (N= 1,983) and maternal depression repeatedly assessed across the first year and again at 6 years to form two cohorts: mothers chronically depressed from birth to 6 (N= 46) and nondepressed controls (N= 103). At 6 years, mother–child, father–child, and family interactions were observed. In families of depressed mothers, both mother and father exhibited lower sensitivity and higher intrusiveness, and children displayed lower social engagement during interactions with mother and father. Fathering moderated the effects of maternal depression on the family process. When fathers showed low sensitivity, high intrusiveness, and provided little opportunities for child social engagement, the family process was less cohesive, implying a decrease in the family's harmonious, warm, and collaborative style. However, in cases of high father sensitivity, low intrusiveness, and increased child engagement, the family process was unaffected by maternal depression. Findings describe both comparability and compensatory mechanisms in the effects of fathering on family life when maternal care is deficient, highlight the buffering role of fathers, and underscore the importance of father-focused interventions when mothers are depressed.
Potentially important periods of change in the development of social and role functioning in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Velthorst Eva , Zinberg Jamie , Addington Jean , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Carrión Ricardo E. , Auther Andrea , Cornblatt Barbara A. , McGlashan Thomas H. , Mathalon Daniel H. , Perkins Diana O. , Seidman Larry J. , Tsuang Ming T. , Walker Elaine F. , Woods Scott W. , Reichenberg Abraham , Bearden Carrie E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe developmental course of daily functioning prior to first psychosis-onset remains poorly understood. This study explored age-related periods of change in social and role functioning. The longitudinal study included youth (aged 12–23, mean follow-up years = 1.19) at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis (converters [CHR-C], n = 83; nonconverters [CHR-NC], n = 275) and a healthy control group (n = 164). Mixed-model analyses were performed to determine age-related differences in social and role functioning. We limited our analyses to functioning before psychosis conversion; thus, data of CHR-C participants gathered after psychosis onset were excluded. In controls, social and role functioning improved over time. From at least age 12, functioning in CHR was poorer than in controls, and this lag persisted over time. Between ages 15 and 18, social functioning in CHR-C stagnated and diverged from that of CHR-NC, who continued to improve (p = .001). Subsequently, CHR-C lagged behind in improvement between ages 21 and 23, further distinguishing them from CHR-NC (p < .001). A similar period of stagnation was apparent for role functioning, but to a lesser extent (p = .007). The results remained consistent when we accounted for the time to conversion. Our findings suggest that CHR-C start lagging behind CHR-NC in social and role functioning in adolescence, followed by a period of further stagnation in adulthood.
Evidence of different compounds in smoke derived from legumes and grasses acting on seed germination and seedling emergence
Authors: Ren Lei , Bai Yuguang , Reaney Martin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOur previous study showed that smoke derived from alfalfa (Medicago sativa) caused different germination responses compared with that from prairie hay (Festuca hallii) and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum), but the mechanism remained unclear. In this study, we used Salad Bowl lettuce (Lactuca sativa) as a quick bioassay to trace the active compounds in each of these three smoke solutions. Column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to separate and identify active fractions. Seeds of four species from Fescue Prairie were primed for 24 h at room temperature in darkness using serial dilutions of separated active fractions, as well as karrikinolide (KAR1). After priming, seeds were dried at room temperature in darkness for 7 days and subsequently incubated at 10/0°C or 25/15°C in 12 h light–12 h dark or 24 h darkness for 49 days. KAR1was in the smoke made from prairie hay, and wheat straw, but was absent in alfalfa smoke. Priming in KAR1solutions increased germination of three native species. Priming in highly concentrated KAR1reduced radicle length ofCirsium arvense, the only non-native species. Even though KAR1has the potential to enhance regeneration of native species in the Fescue Prairie, KAR1is not universally present in smoke derived from different plant materials. Unknown compound(s) in smoke derived from legumes remain to be identified.