bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing Sediment Erosion in the Yangtze River Subaqueous Delta Using Magnetic Methods
Authors: Ge Can , Zhang Weiguo , Dong Chenyin , Wang Feng , Feng Huan , Qu Jianguo , Yu Lizhong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe assessed the usefulness of magnetic properties for tracing sediment erosion in a deltaic environment. Surface and core sediments from the Yangtze River subaqueous delta were subjected to magnetic, granulometric, geochemical, and radionuclide analyses. Based on magnetic properties and particle size, the surface sediments can be divided into three groups. Groups I and II have a similar particle size distribution and geochemical composition, but the former has higher values of magnetic susceptibility (χ) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM). We interpret Group I as consisting of modern sediments, while Group II represents previously buried sediments that have undergone significant reductive diagenesis and that have been subsequently exposed by erosion. Group III has coarser particle size, which reflects the mixing of delta sediments with Pleistocene relict sands. Two cores from the areas occupied by Groups I and II have significantly different magnetic profiles. Core A3‐4 (Group II) records a partial loss of magnetic mineral concentration due to diagenesis and has much lowerχ, SIRM, andS−300values than core A6‐2 (Group I). Radionuclide dating reveals that core A3‐4 sediments are older. We conclude that core A3‐4 location has undergone erosion, which is consistent with recent bathymetric survey results. We propose that the ratio of SIRM/Fe can be potentially used to trace mobilized old sediment in this environment. Our study demonstrates that magnetic properties provide a robust approach for studying sediment dynamics in this type of environment. In addition, our findings provide insights into the nature of biogeochemical processes associated with deltaic erosion.
Estimating the Spatial Extent of Unsaturated Zones in Heterogeneous River‐Aquifer Systems
Authors: Schilling Oliver S. , Irvine Dylan J. , Hendricks Franssen Harrie‐Jan , Brunner Philip 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe presence of unsaturated zones at the river‐aquifer interface has large implications on numerous hydraulic and chemical processes. However, the hydrological and geological controls that influence the development of unsaturated zones have so far only been analyzed with simplified conceptualizations of flow processes, or homogeneous conceptualizations of the hydraulic conductivity in either the aquifer or the riverbed. We systematically investigated the influence of heterogeneous structures in both the riverbed and the aquifer on the development of unsaturated zones. A stochastic 1‐D criterion that takes both riverbed and aquifer heterogeneity into account was developed using a Monte Carlo sampling technique. The approach allows the reliable estimation of the upper bound of the spatial extent of unsaturated areas underneath a riverbed. Through systematic numerical modeling experiments, we furthermore show that horizontal capillary forces can reduce the spatial extent of unsaturated zones under clogged areas. This analysis shows how the spatial structure of clogging layers and aquifers influence the propensity for unsaturated zones to develop: In riverbeds where clogged areas are made up of many small, spatially disconnected patches with a diameter in the order of 1 m, unsaturated areas are less likely to develop compared to riverbeds where large clogged areas exist adjacent to unclogged areas. A combination of the stochastic 1‐D criterion with an analysis of the spatial structure of the clogging layers and the potential for resaturation can help develop an appropriate conceptual model and inform the choice of a suitable numerical simulator for river‐aquifer systems.
Bjerknes Forces in Motion: Long‐Range Translational Motion and Chiral Directionality Switching in Bubble‐Propelled Micromotors via an Ultrasonic Pathway
Authors: Moo James Guo Sheng , Mayorga‐Martinez Carmen C. , Wang Hong , Teo Wei Zhe , Tan Beng Hau , Luong Trung Dung , Gonzalez‐Avila Silvestre Roberto , Ohl Claus‐Dieter , Pumera Martin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractManipulation of a micromotor's locomotion has been the ultimate aim of scientists and engineers alike. While numerous roadmaps have been cast, the interswitching of the locomotion and directionality of these miniaturized machines remains elusive. In this report, ultrasound is utilized to produce stop/go motion on bubble‐propelled micromotors via Bjerknes forces. An intricate study using high‐speed camera on the interactions between the bubbles and micromotor is undertaken. The reciprocal action between oscillating bubbles aggregates and ejected microbubbles in an acoustic field demonstrate influence on the motion of the micromotor. Long‐range translational motion can be induced into the micromotor, when repulsive forces between bubble aggregates and ejected microbubbles are manifested in an acoustic field by Bjerknes forces. Additionally, such ultrasonic pulses demonstrate capability to change the directionality of the micromotor, where chirality of the locomotion can be switched. Here, introduction of pulses of ultrasonic irradiation demonstrates new capabilities to switch the motion of bubble‐propelled micromotors.
Electrical Heating‐Assisted Multiple Coating Method for Fabrication of High‐Performance Perovskite Fiber Solar Cells by Thickness Control
Authors: Chen Buxin , Chen Si , Dong Bin , Gao Xue , Xiao Xinyu , Zhou Jingbo , Hu Jing , Tang Sheng , Yan Kai , Hu Hsienwei , Sun Keyi , Wen Wen , Zhao Zhan , Zou Dechun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlthough methods for perovskite morphology and thickness control have significantly improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of planar solar cell, they are rarely investigated in the field of fiber solar cell. Electrical heating‐assisted multiple coating, as a solution‐based film process, is proposed for the first time to control perovskite coverage and thickness on metal fiber. It solves the challenges by continuous deposition and hot coating technique. Study of film formation mechanism indicates that adding a drying procedure ensures steady deposition during continuous coating. Continuous deposition feature allows improving film coverage and controlling thickness by simply changing the number of coating times, which differentiate this method from other techniques. In addition, electrical heating is applied to accelerate film formation and perovskite transformation. Thus, a fully covered thin film of perovskite is obtained due to the improved perovskite loading and homogeneity. Corresponding devices achieve a high average PCE of 6.58% with a narrow standard deviation of 0.558. Above that, characterizations demonstrate difficulties in balancing high coverage and appropriate thickness accounts for the wide distribution of PCE and poor reproducibility. It is anticipated this method can move the field toward high efficiency and reproducibility goals.
Enhanced Self‐Powered UV Photoresponse of Ferroelectric PZT Materials by Pyroelectric Effect
Authors: Song Kai , Ma Nan , Yang Ya 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSemiconductor materials based UV photodetectors can be operated via photovoltaic effect by converting UV light into electric signals. Recent studies have been focused on how to fabricate excellent semiconductor materials based photodetectors through construction of heterojunctions, which may not be suitable for practical large‐scale devices due to the high cost and sophisticated fabrication process. Here, by utilizing naturally existing temperature change of UV illumination and the pyroelectric effect of ferroelectric materials, a novel self‐powered UV photodetector based on Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) material is presented through a simple fabricating process, which can be well utilized to detect 365 nm UV light by using light‐induced temperature variation. Under a temperature change rate of 2.40 K s−1, the voltage response and the corresponding responsivity can be enhanced by larger than 6600% as compared with that of individual UV light illumination. This study provides a feasible solution to realize self‐powered UV light detection by utilizing light‐induced pyroelectric effect in PZT.
Complementary Switching in 3D Resistive Memory Array
Authors: Banerjee Writam , Xu Xiaoxin , Lv Hangbing , Liu Qi , Long Shibing , Liu Ming 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHigh‐density application of 3D vertical crossbar resistive random access memory (3D‐VRRAM) is challenging due to sneak leakage paths, which can be combated by using nonlinear low resistance state or complementary resistive switching (CRS). This work presents high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observation of nanofilaments during resistive switching (RS) in a TiOx/Al2O3‐based bilayer submicrometer 3D‐VRRAM hybrid device and the reset‐failure‐induced transformation from RS to CRS. The complete concept is divided into two parts. The first part is RS, where the devices show reliable switching, stable resistance levels, good retention, and moderately higher nonlinear behavior at the low resistance state. The RS mechanism is confirmed by an HRTEM image of a clear formation of conductive Ti5O9 nanofilament followed by a tunnel gap. The second part presents the realization of CRS operation after the reset failure in common electrodeless TiOx/Al2O3‐based 3D‐VRRAM hybrid devices. The formation of a series resistor along with the filament is the reason behind the evolution of the CRS mode. Higher nonlinearity is achieved under CRS as compared to RS. Further to this, for broad applications, it is essential to examine similar phenomena in other 3D‐VRRAM systems.
Towards a Step‐Economical and Waste‐Free [hmim]Br‐Catalyzed Deprotection of β‐Sulfido Carbonyl Groups into (E)‐Enones and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Thopate Yogesh , Singh Richa , Sharma Tanuj , Siddiqi Mohammad I. , Sinha Arun K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA neutral ionic liquid, [hmim]Br, catalyzed the direct dehydrosulfenylation of β‐sulfido carbonyl compounds under microwave irradiation into the corresponding α,β‐unsaturated compounds with exclusive trans selectivity in one pot. This procedure improves on conventional routes, which require an additional step for oxidation of the β‐sulfido carbonyl compounds into the corresponding sulfoxides/sulfones prior to the dehydrosulfenylation step in the presence of a metal catalyst/oxidant or a base/acid catalyst. Notably, this step‐economical and waste‐free dehydrosulfenylation procedure has also been extended to the generation of (E)‐dienes from γ‐hydroxy sulfido compounds through a tandem dehydrosulfenylation/dehydration process in [hmim]Br. Moreover, 1H NMR, MS (DART), and DFT studies provided insight into the progress and mechanism of this reaction, and revealed the crucial role of [hmim]Br in promoting the dehydrosulfenylation step, which, alongside the possible recyclability of [hmim]Br, make this procedure environmentally desirable.
Quantum Quenches with Random Matrix Hamiltonians and Disordered Potentials
Authors: Kolley Fabian , Bohigas Oriol , Fine Boris V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe numerically investigate statistical ensembles for the occupations of eigenstates of an isolated quantum system emerging as a result of quantum quenches. The systems investigated are sparse random matrix Hamiltonians and disordered lattices. In the former case, the quench consists of sudden switching‐on the off‐diagonal elements of the Hamiltonian. In the latter case, it is sudden switching‐on of the hopping between adjacent lattice sites. The quench‐induced ensembles are compared with the so‐called “quantum micro‐canonical” (QMC) ensemble describing quantum superpositions with fixed energy expectation values. Our main finding is that quantum quenches with sparse random matrices having one special diagonal element lead to the condensation phenomenon predicted for the QMC ensemble. Away from the QMC condensation regime, the overall agreement with the QMC predictions is only qualitative for both random matrices and disordered lattices but with some cases of a very good quantitative agreement. In the case of disordered lattices, the QMC ensemble can be used to estimate the probability of finding a particle in a localized or delocalized eigenstate.
Large Continuous Mechanical Gradient Formation via Metal–Ligand Interactions
Authors: Neal James A. , Oldenhuis Nathan J. , Novitsky Andrea L. , Samson Emil M. , Thrift William J. , Ragan Regina , Guan Zhibin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMechanical gradients are often employed in nature to prevent biological materials from damage by creating a smooth transition from strong to weak that dissipates large forces. Synthetic mimics of these natural structures are highly desired to improve distribution of stresses at interfaces and reduce contact deformation in manmade materials. Current synthetic gradient materials commonly suffer from non‐continuous transitions, relatively small gradients in mechanical properties, and difficult syntheses. Inspired by the polychaete worm jaw, we report a novel approach to generate stiffness gradients in polymeric materials via incorporation of dynamic monodentate metal–ligand crosslinks. Through spatial control of metal ion content, we created a continuous mechanical gradient that spans over a 200‐fold difference in stiffness, approaching the mechanical contrast observed in biological gradient materials.
Anion Relay Chemistry: Development of an Effective Diastereoselective [3+2] Annulation Tactic Exploiting an Aldol/Brook Rearrangement/Cyclization Cascade
Authors: Han Heeoon , Smith Amos B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn effective [3+2] annulation tactic for the construction of diverse bicyclic compounds possessing highly functionalized cyclopentane rings has been developed employing soft ketone enolates as the initial nucleophile for anion relay chemistry (ARC). The protocol entails a highly diastereoselective aldol/Brook rearrangement/cyclization cascade.
Analysis of Molecular Orientation in Organic Semiconducting Thin Films Using Static Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Suzuki Katsuaki , Kubo Shosei , Aussenac Fabien , Engelke Frank , Fukushima Tatsuya , Kaji Hironori 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMolecular orientation in amorphous organic semiconducting thin‐film devices is an important issue affecting device performance. However, to date it has not been possible to analyze the “distribution” of the orientations. Although solid‐state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy can provide information on the “distribution” of molecular orientations, the technique is limited because of the small amount of sample in the device and the low sensitivity of ssNMR. Here, we report the first application of dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced ssNMR (DNP‐ssNMR) spectroscopy for the orientational analysis of amorphous phenyldi(pyren‐1‐yl)phosphine oxide (POPy2). The 31P DNP‐ssNMR spectra exhibited a sufficient signal‐to‐noise ratio to quantify the distribution of molecular orientations in amorphous films: the P=O axis of the vacuum‐deposited and drop‐cast POPy2 shows anisotropic and isotropic distribution, respectively. The different molecular orientations reflect the molecular origin of the different charge transport behaviors.
ADAMS as an aid for teaching undergraduate dynamics
Authors: Mukherjee Satanik , Neogy Sumanta , Nandi Arghya 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe objective of the present work is to use multi body dynamics package (like MSC Adams) for motivating undergraduate students in a Dynamics course by means of simulations—a step which lies between traditional board work and actual experimentation. It also deepens his understanding of mechanics by allowing him to compare ADAMS solution with manual solution and solution obtained through small user developed program segments. The student learns to appreciate why the manual solutions are specialized cases of general solutions and how and why trajectories are determined. In the process it discusses the logical structure of Dynamics as implemented in these packages. Such an approach would also introduce them to such powerful tools at an early stage. It provides detailed solution of three problems using Adams and brief solutions to eight more. It is expected once these examples are mastered, most of the problems in undergraduate dynamics can be tackled using Adams.
Intron length polymorphism of β‐tubulin genes of Aegilops biuncialis Vis
Authors: Rabokon Anastasiia , Demkovych Andrii , Sozinov Alexei , Kozub Natalia , Sozinov Igor , Pirko Yaroslav , Blume Yaroslav 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntron‐specific DNA polymorphism is present among plant β‐tubulin gene family members and is considered to be one of the molecular markers based on the difference of tubulin introns length assayed both separately (TBP: 1st intron) or in combination (h‐TBP: 1st and 2nd introns). These two approaches are possibly useful for wheat breeding programs, since TBP and h‐TBP help to differentiate between the accessions of Aegilops biuncialis Vis., a wild relative of wheat. PCR‐derived polymorphic fragments were resolved by PAGE electrophoresis. The length of amplicons varied significantly (395–3900 bp for TBP and 466–3440 bp for h‐TBP), while the numbers of polymorphic bands were 21 for TBP and 23 for h‐TBP, respectively. PIC mean value was circa 0.3. Dendrograms constructed on the basis of the Nei and Li coefficient with the high bootstrap support reveal a similar order of hierarchy for the samples analyzed using both methods. Thus, both techniques uncover DNA polymorphism level sufficiently high to distinguish different accessions of Ae. biuncialis Vis.
Structural and functional features of lysine acetylation of plant and animal tubulins
Authors: Rayevsky Alexey V. , Sharifi Mohsen , Samofalova Dariya A. , Karpov Pavel A. , Blume Yaroslav B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe study of the genome and the proteome of different species and representatives of distinct kingdoms, especially detection of proteome via wide‐scaled analyses has various challenges and pitfalls. Attempts to combine all available information together and isolate some common features for determination of the pathway and their mechanism of action generally have a highly complicated nature. However, microtubule (MT) monomers are highly conserved protein structures, and microtubules are structurally conserved from Homo sapiens to Arabidopsis thaliana. The interaction of MT elements with microtubule‐associated proteins and post‐translational modifiers is fully dependent on protein interfaces, and almost all MT modifications are well described except acetylation. Crystallography and interactome data using different approaches were combined to identify conserved proteins important in acetylation of microtubules. Application of computational methods and comparative analysis of binding modes generated a robust predictive model of acetylation of the ϵ‐amino group of Lys40 in α‐tubulins. In turn, the model discarded some probable mechanisms of interaction between elements of interest. Reconstruction of unresolved protein structures was carried out with modeling by homology to the existing crystal structure (PDBID: 1Z2B) from B. taurus using Swiss‐model server, followed by a molecular dynamics simulation. Docking of the human tubulin fragment with Lys40 into the active site of α‐tubulin acetyltransferase, reproduces the binding mode of peptidomimetic from X‐ray structure (PDBID: 4PK3).
CacyBP/SIP inhibits the migration and invasion behaviors of glioblastoma cells through activating Siah1 mediated ubiquitination and degradation of cytoplasmic p27
Authors: Yan Shiwei , Li Aimin , Liu Yuguang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCalcyclin‐binding protein or Siah‐1‐interacting protein (CacyBP/SIP) has been reported to be up‐regulated and plays an important role in promoting cell proliferation in human glioma. However, the effect of CacyBP/SIP on glioma cell motility is still unclear. Here, to our surprise, CacyBP/SIP was found to inhibit the migration and invasion of glioma cells U251 and U87. Silencing of CacyBP/SIP significantly promoted the migration and invasion behaviors of glioma cells. On the contrary, overexpression of CacyBP/SIP obviously suppressed them. Further investigation indicated that silencing of CacyBP/SIP significantly reduced the interaction between Siah1 and cytoplasmic p27, which in turn attenuated the ubiquitination and degradation of cytoplasmic p27. In contrast, overexpression of CacyBP/SIP promoted the interaction between Siah1 and cytoplasmic p27, which in turn increased the ubiquitination and degradation of cytoplasmic p27. Importantly, the degradation of p27 could be blocked by Siah1 knockdown. Finally, we found that CacyBP/SIP was reversely related to cytoplasmic p27 in human normal brain tissues and glioma tissues. Taken together, these results suggest that CacyBP/SIP plays an important role in inhibiting glioma cell migration and invasion through promoting the degradation of cytoplasmic p27.
Cefepime‐induced neurotoxicity in a pediatric patient on chronic hemodialysis: a case report
Authors: Guzman‐Limon Monica , Amatya Subha , Samuels Joshua , Swinford Rita , Bhatnagar Sonal , Samuel Joyce 
Published: October 2017

Key Clinical MessageImpaired renal function increases the risk for cefepime‐induced neurotoxicity. Symptoms include disorientation, myoclonus, status epilepticus, ataxia, gait disturbance, coma, and death. A high index of suspicion and early recognition of symptoms can minimize the risk of progression of symptoms to permanent neurologic impairment or death.
Motivating Students through Practice‐Oriented Challenges – Didactic behind the Flowsheet Simulators
Authors: Schöneberger Jan C. , Fricke Armin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEin neuer Ansatz zur didaktischen Verwendung von Fließbildsimulatoren wird vorgestellt. Beim Process Simulation Cup (PSC) wird ein Prozessfließbild mit einer gültigen Lösung zu einem bestimmten praxisrelevanten Problem vorgegeben. Studierende können im Rahmen dieses Wettbewerbs bessere Lösungen für die beschriebene Fragestellung einreichen. In diesem Beitrag werden die beiden bereits durchgeführten PSC2015 und PSC2016 sowie der aktuell stattfindende PSC2017 vorgestellt. Es wird über die Beteiligung, den pädagogischen Nutzen und die wissenschaftliche Weiterverwertung berichtet.
Analysis and Decomposition for Improved Convergence of Nonlinear Process Models in Chemical Engineering
Authors: Bublitz Saskia , Esche Erik , Tolksdorf Gregor , Mehrmann Volker , Repke Jens‐Uwe 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSolving nonlinear equation systems as they occur in process simulation simultaneously, often fails due to ill‐conditioned models or bad initialization. To counteract these issues two methods have been implemented in the web‐based platform MOSAICmodeling. The Dulmage‐Mendelsohn algorithm forms a block diagonal Jacobian matrix. In addition, the bordered block transformation identifies variables that need to be carefully initialized due to their great influence on the system. Both methods are applied on two process models and their convergence and sensitivity towards initialization is analyzed.
Cover Image, Volume 74, Issue 10
Authors: Kee Anthony J. , Bryce Nicole S. , Yang Lingyan , Polishchuk Elena , Schevzov Galina , Weigert Roberto , Polishchuk Roman , Gunning Peter W. , Hardeman Edna C. 
Published: October 2017

The cover image, by Anthony J. Kee et al., is based on the Short Report ER/Golgi trafficking is facilitated by unbranched actin filaments containing Tpm4.2, DOI: 10.1002/cm.21405.
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