bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renovascular Hypertension: Clinical Features, Differential Diagnoses and Basic Principles of Treatment
Authors: Petrovic Dejan , Sreckovic Miodrag , Nikolic Tomislav , Zivkovic-Radojevic Marija , Miloradovic Vladimir 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Renovascular hypertension is caused by renal artery stenosis. Its prevalence in populations of hypertensive patients is 1-8%, and in populations of patients with resistant hypertension, it is up to 20%. The two main causes of stenosis are atherosclerosis and fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal artery. The main clinical consequences of renal artery stenosis include renovascular hypertension, ischemic nephropathy and “flash” acute pulmonary oedema. Unilateral stenosis of the renal artery causes angiotensin II-dependent hypertension, and bilateral stenosis of the renal arteries produces volume-dependent hypertension. Renovascular aetiology of hypertension should be questioned in patients with resistant hypertension, hypertension with a murmur identified upon auscultation of the renal arteries, and a noticeable side-to-side difference in kidney size. Non-invasive diagnostic tests include the determination of concentrations of peripheral vein plasma renin activity, the captopril test, captopril scintigraphy, colour Doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography angiography, and nuclear resonance angiography. Renovasography represents the gold standard for the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. The indications for revascularization of the renal artery include haemodynamically significant renal artery stenosis (with a systolic pressure gradient at the site of stenosis of - ΔP ≥ 20 mmHg, along with the ratio of the pressure in the distal part of the renal artery (Pd) and aortic pressure (Pa) less than 0.9 (Pd/Pa < 0.9)), resistant hypertension, loss of renal function after administration of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor II blockers, and recurrent flash pulmonary oedema associated with bilateral renal artery stenosis. The contraindications for renal artery revascularization include a longitudinal diameter of the affected kidney that is less than 8.0 cm, the resistance index measured from the segmental arteries peak blood flow (RI) > 0.8, chronic kidney disease (GFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2) and negative captopril scintigraphy (lack of lateralization).
The Two Faces of Galectin-3: Roles in Various Pathological Conditions
Authors: Radosavljevic Gordana D. , Pantic Jelena , Jovanovic Ivan , Lukic Miodrag L. , Arsenijevic Nebojsa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGalectin-3, a unique chimaera-type member of the lectin family, displays a wide range of activities. This versatile molecule is involved in fundamental biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell-cell adhesion, apoptosis and immune responses.This review is aimed at providing a general overview of the biological actions and diverse effects of Galectin-3 in many pathological conditions, with a specific focus on autoimmunity, inflammation and tumour progression. We report herein that Galectin-3 exerts deleterious functions determined by promotion of tumour progression and liver inflammation or aggravation of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, Galectin-3 exhibits a protective role in metabolic abnormalities and primary biliary cirrhosis.The paradoxical “yin and yang” functions of Galectin-3 depend not only on its tissue and cellular localization but also on its availability, glycosylation status and the expression level of its ligands.
Updates on the Treatment of Pterygium
Authors: Todorovic Dusan , Vulovic Tatjana Sarenac , Sreckovic Suncica , Jovanovic Svetlana , Janicijevic Katarina , Todorovic Zeljko 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Pterygium is an ocular disease characterised by the growth of fibrovascular conjunctiva on the cornea. It occurs more often in men, at an older age, and in individuals exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Surgical treatment is the primary treatment for pterygium and there are two common procedures for pterygium excision. In the first method, the head of the pterygium is separated from the corneal surface using a surgical blade. The second method is based on avulsion. Other approaches to excising the pterygium include the use of argon laser and excimer laser. Because of a high recurrence rate, adjuvant therapies, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and graft procedures, are used after pterygium excision. These procedures have become the standard long-term treatments for pterygium. Radiotherapy is based on beta irradiation. Chemotherapy includes the use of mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil, bevacizumab, and loteprednol etabonate. Graft procedures include amniotic membrane grafts and conjunctival autografts. Many surgeons believe that using mitomycin C and conjunctival autografts provides the best outcomes in terms of recurrence, cosmetics and patient satisfaction.
The Talent Development Environment in a Norwegian top-level football club
Authors: Aalberg Ruben Ringereide , Sæther Stig Arve 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Because international elite football is concerned with talent identification, this has generated a great deal of knowledge about what it takes to become a professional footballer. This research has however primarily focused on individual development and how external factors affect athletic performance. In this article we sought to describe the characteristics of the developmental environment in the youth department of the Norwegian elite club Rosenborg BK. Our case study, using a holistic and ecological development perspective as a framework, we followed the club’s under-19 team for a total of 21 days, during 3 separate weeks in the 2014 season. The results showed that Rosenborg seems to offer an environment focusing on aspects highlighted by the ecological model athletic talent development environment (ATDE). The club seems to focus on giving players tools and resources both on and off the field, using a holistic and systematic methodology. Yet it appears that the club has a weak relationship between the youth department and its own senior team, even indicating a competitive relationship, also found in other elite academies. Furthermore, it may seem that the importance of developing players with local ties is downgraded because of the club’s need for short-term success.
A Kinematic Analysis of Fundamental Movement Skills
Authors: Clark Cain C. T. , Barnes Claire M. , Holton Mark , Summers Huw D. , Stratton Gareth 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Fundamental movement skills are considered the basic building blocks for movement and provide the foundation for specialized and sport-specific movement skills required for participation in a variety of physical activities. However, kinematic analyses of fundamental movement has not been performed. The aims of this study were to, (1) characterise the relationship between facets of fundamental movement and, (2) characterise the relationship between overall integrated acceleration and three-dimensional kinematic variables whilst performing fundamental movement skills. Eleven participants (10±0.8y, 1.41±0.07m, 33.4±8.6kg, body mass index; 16.4±3.1 kg·m2) took part in this study, had anthropometric variables recorded and performed a series of fundamental movement tasks, whilst wearing a tri-axial accelerometer and were recorded using a three-dimensional motion capture system. Maximum shoulder external rotation (°) and maximum shoulder internal rotation velocity (°.s−1) (r=0.86, p<0.001), mediolateral centre of mass range (cm) and centre of mass coefficient of variation (%) (r=0.83, p<0.001), maximum stride angle (°) in the jog and walk (r=0.74, p=0.01) and maximum sprint stride angle and maximum shoulder internal rotation velocity (°.s−1) (r=0.67, p<0.02) were significantly correlated. Maximum sprint stride angle (hip: r=0.96, p<0.001, ankle: r=0.97, p<0.001) and maximum internal rotation velocity (ankle: r=0.6, p=0.05) were significantly correlated to overall integrated acceleration. Overall integrated acceleration was comparable between participants (CV: 10.5), whereas three-dimensional variables varied by up to 65%. Although overall integrated acceleration was comparable between participants, three-dimensional variables were much more varied. Indicating that although overall activity may be correspondent, the characteristics of a child’s movement may be highly varied.
Improvement of lower limbs specific endurance-speed combined motor ability in elite athletes of Qwan Ki Do martial art
Authors: Cojocariu Adrian , Ungurean Bogdan , Oprean Alexandru 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The present study wishes to highlight the effects of some physical training means within the preparatory phase on specific endurance-speed combined motor ability in lower limbs, in Qwan Ki Do martial art. We started from the hypothesis that using an efficient planning and adequate means it is possible to improve the combined motor ability in lower limbs, with positive effects on athletes’ efficiency.
The experiment was performed over 5 weeks. In the study were included 11 male (group 1) and 8 female (group 2) elite athletes from the Romanian Qwan Ki Do national team. The team was in the preparatory phase for participating in European Championships. The means used for the experiment included long runs with constant tempo, Fartlek runs, intermittent long, medium, and short runs and also general and specific force–endurance and endurance–speed circuits.
The results reveal a general significant progress in tests in both groups, suggesting that an adequate programme could conduct to the improvement of specific endurance-speed combination in lower limbs, which may represent an important support in athletes’ physical training.
The potential role of omega-3 fatty acids supplements in increasing athletic performance
Authors: Gligor Șerban , Gligor Răzvan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPolyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are essential fatty acids that cannot be produced by the body itself and therefore must be provided through nutrition. Omega-6 and particularly omega-3 fatty acids have important roles in the organism, contributing to the maintenance and promotion of health. The optimal proportion of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids is 2:1, or even better 1:1. They are involved in normal growth and development, play a role in the prevention of coronary and cardiovascular diseases, of diabetes mellitus, of arterial hypertension, arthritis and cancer. Omega-3 fatty acids mainly have an anti-inflammatory effect, but also act as hypolipidemic and antithrombotic agents. A potential role of omega-3 fatty acids is that of increasing physical performance. Their role in the physical activity refers on one side to the global health of athletes and on the other side to their anti-inflammatory effect, as high intensity physical exercise induces increased free-radical production and microtraumas, with the induction of an inflammatory status. The anti-inflammatory effect of these fatty acids manifests through an increased production of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, through decreasing the production of prostaglandins metabolites, decreasing the production of leukotriene B4, etc. They are also effective on reducing muscle pain post eccentric exercise and on decreasing the severity of bronchoconstriction induced by exercise, as well as improving pulmonary function variables. In conclusion it seems that supplementing diets with omega-3 fatty acids, apart from having benefic effects on health and on the prevention and management of certain affections, proves to be a beneficial for physical activity and athletic performance.
Considerations regarding the optimisation of the spike in modern volleyball
Authors: Reitmayer Hans-Eric , Grădinaru Sorin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse in detail the aspects regarding increased efficiency of the spike in the game of volleyball, given the requirements of a flawless technique that will maximize the potential of the players. Our intention was to verify whether the steps of approach are unfolding in a uniformly accelerated motion and are leading to a vertical leap in the desired parameters at the moment of take off. We also wanted to check if the range of upper body motion is a determinant in the efficiency of the spike consisting in a high striking point and a remakable hitting force.
Material and methods: The video footage was obtained from 6 players of “U” Timisoara's volleyball team and 6 international players. For the analysis and processing of the footage the program Kinovea was used and the following parameters were assessed: striking speed(m/s), range of motion (cm and °), flexion between arm and forearm, angle of arm with the vertical at contact, movement speed for the first, second and third approach steps.
Results: The international subjects had a 12 cm longer path of the hand in striking motion. Given the shorter segments of “U” Timisoara's players, they compensate by having a 2° larger range of motion, above the elite players. We recorded diferent angles of the spiking arm with the vertical for the 2 groups, namely a mean of 24.5° for the elite players and just 15° for the players of “U” Timisoara. These aspects lead to a striking speed 3m/s higher for the international spikers compared to “U” Timisoara sportsmen. Having measured a uniformly accelerated approach for the international subjects, “U” Timisoara's players don't respond to the same requirement with close values of the second and third step of approach.
Hormonal (Cortical-Gonadotropic Axis) and Physical Changes With Two Years Intense Exercise Training in Elite Young Soccer Players
Authors: Hammami Mohamed Ali , Ben Abderrahman Abderraouf , Hackney Anthony C. , Kebsi Wiem , Owen Adam L. , Nebigh Amar , Racil Ghazi , Tabka Zouhair , Zouhal Hassane 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Hammami, MA, Ben Abderrahman, A, Hackney, AC, Kebsi, W, Owen, AL, Nebigh, A, Racil, G, Tabka, Z, and Zouhal, H. Hormonal (cortical-gonadotropic axis) and physical changes with two years intense exercise training in elite young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2388–2397, 2017—The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 soccer-training seasons on physical fitness and hormone concentrations in elite youth soccer players. Twenty male elite soccer players (SP, age 14.5 ± 0.4 years) and 20 male control subjects (CS, age 14.3 ± 0.3 years) participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements, aerobic (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 [YYIRT1]) and anaerobic soccer relevant performances (jump and sprint tests), blood testosterone (T), cortisol (C), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and T/C ratio were assessed 5 times (from T0 to T4) during 2 competitive seasons. Significant differences from basal values (Δ) of T, SHBG, and C between SP and CS were observed (p < 0.01). Additionally, T and T/C ratio changes were positively correlated with physical performance (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, as expected, higher T concentration and greater power performance were observed in the soccer players group compared with controls. Our findings also show that the T concentrations and power performance outcomes co-vary positively over the 2 soccer seasons in soccer players.
Sleep and Serotonin Modulate Paracapsular Nitric Oxide Synthase Expressing Neurons of the Amygdala
Authors: Bocchio Marco , Fisher Simon P. , Unal Gunes , Ellender Tommas J. , Vyazovskiy Vladyslav V. , Capogna Marco 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUnraveling the roles of distinct neuron types is a fundamental challenge to understanding brain function in health and disease. In the amygdala, a brain structure regulating emotional behavior, the diversity of GABAergic neurons has been only partially explored. We report a novel population of GABAergic amygdala neurons expressing high levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). These cells are predominantly localized along basolateral amygdala (BLA) boundaries. Performingex vivopatch-clamp recordings from nNOS+neurons in Nos1-CreER;Ai9 mice, we observed that nNOS+neurons located along the external capsule display distinctive electrophysiological properties, axonal and dendritic arborization, and connectivity. Examining their c-Fos expression, we found that paracapsular nNOS+neurons are activated during a period of undisturbed sleep following sleep deprivation, but not during sleep deprivation. Consistently, we found that dorsal raphe serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] neurons, which are involved in sleep–wake regulation, innervate nNOS+neurons. Bath application of 5-HT hyperpolarizes nNOS+neurons via 5-HT1A receptors. This hyperpolarization produces a reduction in firing rate and, occasionally, a switch from tonic to burst firing mode, thereby contrasting with the classic depolarizing effect of 5-HT on BLA GABAergic cells reported so far. Thus, nNOS+cells are a distinct cell type of the amygdala that controls the activity of downstream neurons in both amygdaloid and extra-amygdaloid regions in a vigilance state-dependent fashion. Given the strong links among mood, sleep deprivation, and 5-HT, the recruitment of paracapsular nNOS+neurons following high sleep pressure may represent an important mechanism in emotional regulation.
The Fitness Effects of Spontaneous Mutations Nearly Unseen by Selection in a Bacterium with Multiple Chromosomes
Authors: Dillon Marcus M , Cooper Vaughn S 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMutation accumulation (MA) experiments employ the strategy of minimizing the population size of evolving lineages to greatly reduce effects of selection on newly arising mutations. Thus, most mutations fix within MA lines independently of their fitness effects. This approach, more recently combined with genome sequencing, has detailed the rates, spectra, and biases of different mutational processes. However, a quantitative understanding of the fitness effects of mutations virtually unseen by selection has remained an untapped opportunity. Here, we analyzed the fitness of 43 sequenced MA lines of the multi-chromosome bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia that had each undergone 5554 generations of MA and accumulated an average of 6.73 spontaneous mutations. Most lineages exhibited either neutral or deleterious fitness in three different environments in comparison with their common ancestor. The only mutational class that was significantly overrepresented in lineages with reduced fitness was the loss of the plasmid, though nonsense mutations, missense mutations, and coding insertion-deletions were also overrepresented in MA lineages whose fitness had significantly declined. Although the overall distribution of fitness effects was similar between the three environments, the magnitude and even the sign of the fitness of a number of lineages changed with the environment, demonstrating that the fitness of some genotypes was environmentally dependent. These results present an unprecedented picture of the fitness effects of spontaneous mutations in a bacterium with multiple chromosomes and provide greater quantitative support for the theory that the vast majority of spontaneous mutations are neutral or deleterious.
Trs33-Containing TRAPP IV: A Novel Autophagy-Specific Ypt1 GEF
Authors: Lipatova Zhanna , Majumdar Uddalak , Segev Nava 
Published: September 2016

AbstractYpt/Rab GTPases, key regulators of intracellular trafficking pathways, are activated by guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Here, we identify a novel GEF complex, TRAPP IV, which regulates Ypt1-mediated autophagy. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ypt1 GTPase is required for the initiation of secretion and autophagy, suggesting that it regulates these two distinct pathways. However, whether these pathways are coordinated by Ypt1 and by what mechanism is still unknown. TRAPP is a conserved modular complex that acts as a Ypt/Rab GEF. Two different TRAPP complexes, TRAPP I and the Trs85-containing TRAPP III, activate Ypt1 in the secretory and autophagic pathways, respectively. Importantly, whereas TRAPP I depletion copies Ypt1 deficiency in secretion, depletion of TRAPP III does not fully copy the autophagy phenotypes of autophagy-specific ypt1 mutations. If GEFs are required for Ypt/Rab function, this discrepancy implies the existence of an additional GEF that activates Ypt1 in autophagy. Trs33, a nonessential TRAPP subunit, was assigned to TRAPP I without functional evidence. We show that in the absence of Trs85, Trs33 is required for Ypt1-mediated autophagy and for the recruitment of core-TRAPP and Ypt1 to the preautophagosomal structure, which marks the onset of autophagy. In addition, Trs33 and Trs85 assemble into distinct TRAPP complexes, and we term the Trs33-containing autophagy-specific complex TRAPP IV. Because TRAPP I is required for Ypt1-mediated secretion, and either TRAPP III or TRAPP IV is required for Ypt1-mediated autophagy, we propose that pathway-specific GEFs activate Ypt1 in secretion and autophagy.
Mental Health and Antiretroviral Adherence Among Youth Living With HIV in Rwanda
Authors: Smith Fawzi Mary C. , Ng Lauren , Kanyanganzi Fredrick , Kirk Catherine , Bizimana Justin , Cyamatare Felix , Mushashi Christina , Kim Taehoon , Kayiteshonga Yvonne , Binagwaho Agnes , Betancourt Theresa S. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
In Rwanda, significant progress has been made in advancing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among youth. As availability of ART increases, adherence is critical for preventing poor clinical outcomes and transmission of HIV. The goals of the study are to (1) describe ART adherence and mental health problems among youth living with HIV aged 10 to 17; and (2) examine the association between these factors among this population in rural Rwanda.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted that examined the association of mental health status and ART adherence among youth (n = 193). ART adherence, mental health status, and related variables were examined based on caregiver and youth report. Nonadherence was defined as ever missing or refusing a dose of ART within the past month. Multivariate modeling was performed to examine the association between mental health status and ART adherence.

RESULTS:
Approximately 37% of youth missed or refused ART in the past month. In addition, a high level of depressive symptoms (26%) and attempt to hurt or kill oneself (12%) was observed in this population of youth living with HIV in Rwanda. In multivariate analysis, nonadherence was significantly associated with some mental health outcomes, including conduct problems (odds ratio 2.90, 95% confidence interval 1.55–5.43) and depression (odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.04), according to caregiver report. A marginally significant association was observed for youth report of depressive symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS:
The findings suggest that mental health should be considered among the factors related to ART nonadherence in HIV services for youth, particularly for mental health outcomes, such as conduct problems and depression.