bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of changing ocean circulation on the distribution of marine microplastic litter
Authors: Welden Natalie AC , Lusher Amy L 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Marine plastic pollution is currently a major scientific focus, with attention paid to its distribution and impacts within ecosystems. With recent estimates indicating that the mass of plastic released to the marine environment may reach 250 million metric tons by 2025, the effects of plastic on our oceans are set to increase. Distribution of microplastics, those plastics measuring less than 5 mm, are of increasing concern because they represent an increasing proportion of marine litter and are known to interact with species in a range of marine habitats. The local abundance of microplastic is dependent on a complex interaction between the scale of local plastic sources and prevailing environmental conditions; as a result, microplastic distribution is highly heterogeneous. Circulation models have been used to predict plastic distribution; however, current models do not consider future variation in circulation patterns and weather systems caused by a changing climate. In this study, we discuss the potential impacts of global climate change on the abundance and distribution of marine plastic pollution. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:483–487. © 2017 SETAC

Key Points
Microplastic distribution may be greatly altered by global climate change. Incorporating predicted changes into models of plastic transport may enable the prediction of at-risk habitats.
What drives differences of opinion in sovereign ratings? The roles of information disclosure and political risk
Authors: Vu Huong , Alsakka Rasha , ap Gwilym Owain 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the causes of split sovereign ratings across S&P, Moody's, and Fitch for 64 countries from 1997 to 2011. We identify that split sovereign ratings are not symmetric, with S&P tending to be the most conservative agency. We find that opaque sovereigns are more likely to receive split ratings. Political risk plays a highly significant role in explaining split ratings and dominates economic and financial indicators. Out‐of‐sample model performance is enhanced by capturing political risk. Government information disclosure affects split ratings between Moody's and Fitch in emerging countries. The study implies an incentive for governments to reduce political uncertainty and to enhance transparency.
Construction and validation of the Sport Sense of Community in Adolescence Questionnaire (SSCAQ)
Authors: Scotto di Luzio Silvia , Guillet‐Descas Emma , Procentese Fortuna , Martinent Guillaume 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a measure of sport sense of community (SoC) for adolescents grounded in McMillan and Chavis’ framework: the Sport Sense of Community in Adolescence Questionnaire (SSCAQ). A calibration sample of 256 and a validation sample of 257 adolescent athletes voluntarily participated in the study. Data were analyzed pertaining to reliability, confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), and multigroup CFAs as well as with correlational analyses. Results showed that the 5‐factor, 19‐item hierarchical model of the SSCAQ fit the data adequately on the calibration and validation samples. Multigroup CFAs showed that the SSCAQ scores were invariant across sex of the participants and type of sport (individual versus team sports). Furthermore, both convergent and discriminant validity of the SSCAQ scores were established by finding interrelations between perceived autonomy support from the coach, future sport intentions, and the SSCAQ subscales. The SSCAQ is a measure that will be useful for research on sport SoC.
Evaluation of column length and particle size effect on the untargeted profiling of a phytochemical mixture by using UHPLC coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Zenezini Chiozzi Riccardo , Capriotti Anna Laura , Cavaliere Chiara , Ferraris Francesca , La Barbera Giorgia , Piovesana Susy , Laganà Aldo 
Published: April 2017

Liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry is the technique of choice for the untargeted profiling of food matrices. Despite the high potential of high‐resolution mass spectrometry, when dealing with complex mixtures, an efficient separation technique is also needed. The novel core‐shell chromatographic columns packed with sub‐2 μm sized particles are claimed to show very good resolution. However, the analytes retention can be significantly altered when working under ultra‐high performance chromatographic conditions. In this work, an evaluation of four chromatographic systems, with either a single or two in‐series Kinetex™ C18 columns, either packed with 2.6 or 1.7 μm particles, is presented for the targeted analysis of a standard mixture and the untargeted analysis of a strawberry extract. An ultra‐high performance chromatographic system coupled via an electrospray source to a hybrid quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometer was used. From the extensive comparison, a surprising result was obtained, namely, that the system identifying the largest number of features was the one with two in‐series connected columns with the larger particle size. The inconsistency among the theoretical assumptions and the applicative findings points out the importance of an extensive chromatographic evaluation for the comprehensive untargeted profiling of complex real samples.
Landscape capability predicts upland game bird abundance and occurrence
Authors: Loman Zachary G. , Blomberg Erik J. , Deluca William V. , Harrison Daniel J. , Loftin Cynthia S. , Wood Petra B. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTLandscape capability (LC) models are a spatial tool with potential applications in conservation planning. We used survey data to validate LC models as predictors of occurrence and abundance at broad and fine scales for American woodcock (Scolopax minor) and ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). Landscape capability models were reliable predictors of occurrence but were less indicative of relative abundance at route (11.5–14.6 km) and point scales (0.5–1 km). As predictors of occurrence, LC models had high sensitivity (0.71–0.93) and were accurate (0.71–0.88) and precise (0.88 and 0.92 for woodcock and grouse, respectively). Models did not predict point‐scale abundance independent of the ability to predict occurrence of either species. The LC models are useful predictors of patterns of occurrences in the northeastern United States, but they have limited utility as predictors of fine‐scale or route‐specific abundances. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Flowpath and retention of snowmelt in an ice‐covered arctic lake
Authors: Cortés Alicia , MacIntyre Sally , Sadro Steven 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe extent to which snowmelt flowing into ice‐covered lakes spreads horizontally and mixes vertically influences retention of solutes derived from the landscape. To quantify these transport processes and retention, we combine time series temperature and specific conductance measurements in Toolik Lake (Alaska) and its major inflow, with measurements of discharge and meteorology, and profiles of specific conductance, temperature, fluorescence, chlorophyll a, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in spring of 3 yr. During early snowmelt, the concentration of DOC in the stream was 750 μM, twice that in the lake. During slow melt (discharge (Q) < 4 m3 s−1), the incoming solute‐rich intrusion spread lakewide below the ice. During melt with Q > 6 m3 s−1, the incoming water partially flushed the inlet basin and the more dilute water flowed over the original intrusion with a preferential flowpath to the outlet. Penetrative convection was restricted by the increased density gradients from the incoming plume and initially constrained to shallow mixing zones associated with the step changes in density. As ice thickness decreased to less than 1 m, heating caused density instabilities at the base of the intrusions that mixed solutes ∼ 10 m vertically, contributing to retention. Near‐surface layers enriched with DOC persisted for ∼ 10 d during a rapid melt and for over 3 weeks when the melt was slow. Retention, of order 10–20%, also depended on the rapidity of melt and magnitude of discharge.
Interfacial reaction between SAC305 lead–free solders and ENImAg surface finish and bare copper
Authors: Adawiyah M.A. Rabiatul , Azlina O. Saliza 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDifferent surface finishes on printed circuit board strongly influence the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs), and solder joint reliability. In this paper the effect of two different substrates namely electroless nickel/immersion silver (ENImAg) and bare copper on interfacial reaction when exposed to a reflow soldering process are presented. The result revealed that the black line nickel disappeared on the electroless nickel/immersion silver surface finish after the plating process. Subsequently, the intermetallic compound formed on electroless nickel/immersion silver surface finish are (Cu,Ni)6Sn5, and (Ni,Cu)3Sn4 with a chuck‐shape, rode‐type, and needle‐shape after reflow soldering. Meanwhile, only Cu6Sn5 layer is found on bare copper with a spherical‐shape. The results also indicated that different surface finishes are affected by the growth of intermetallic formation and shear strength, where tin‐3.0silver‐copper0.5/copper (SAC305/Cu) produced a thicker intermetallic layer, larger grain size, and less shear strength compared with tin‐3.0silver‐copper0.5/electroless nickel immersion silver (SAC305/ENImAg) surface finish.
Numerical simulation of two–phase separation in a small diameter ratio T‐junction
Authors: Pao W. , Saieed A. , Hashim F. M. , Norpiah R. B. M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe utilization of T‐junctions for flow division is quite common in industries. Due to the phenomena known as multiphase maldistribution, occurring in a T‐junction, they are often used as partial phase separators for reducing the work load on phase separation devices in oil and gas platforms. Previous literature says that reducing the diameter ratio of the T‐junction improves the two‐phase separation, however it was also reported that reducing the diameter ratio too much has a negative effect on two‐phase separation. To test this, a numerical study was performed to see the two‐phase stratified flow separation in 1, 0.6 and 0.167 diameter ratio T‐junctions. Furthermore, the impact of air superficial velocity on phase maldistribution at the junction is also considered. The T‐junctions with diameter ratios 1 and 0.6 were just used for the validation of present model, by comparing the obtained numerical results with previous experimental data. While, 0.167 diameter ratio T‐junction is the one for which the actual analysis was performed. It is concluded that an increase in air superficial velocity aids liquid carryover, whereas liquid carryover is very sensitive to side arm extraction rates in a very small diameter ratio T‐junction.
Effects of time integration schemes on discontinuous deformation simulations using the numerical manifold method
Authors: Qu Xiaolei , Qi Chengzhi , Fu Guoyang , Li Xiaozhao 
Published: April 2017

SummaryNumerical stability by using certain time integration scheme is a critical issue for accurate simulation of discontinuous deformations of solids. To investigate the effects of the time integration schemes on the numerical stability of the numerical manifold method, the implicit time integration schemes, ie, the Newmark, the HHT‐α, and the WBZ‐α methods, and the explicit time integration algorithms, ie, the central difference, the Zhai's, and Chung‐Lee methods, are implemented. Their performance is examined by conducting transient response analysis of an elastic strip subjected to constant loading, impact analysis of an elastic rod with an initial velocity, and excavation analysis of jointed rock masses, respectively. Parametric studies using different time steps are conducted for different time integration algorithms, and the convergence efficiency of the open‐close iterations for the contact problems is also investigated. It is proved that the Hilber‐Hughes‐Taylor‐α (HHT‐α), Wood‐Bossak‐Zienkiewicz‐α (WBZ‐α), Zhai's, and Chung‐Lee methods are more attractive in solving discontinuous deformation problems involving nonlinear contacts. It is also found that the examined explicit algorithms showed higher computational efficiency compared to those implicit algorithms within acceptable computational accuracy.
Characterization of the anti‐CD22 targeted therapy, moxetumomab pasudotox, for B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kinjyo Ichiko , Matlawska‐Wasowska Ksenia , Chen Xiaoru , Monks Noel R. , Burke Patricia , Winter Stuart S. , Wilson Bridget S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMoxetumomab pasudotox is a second‐generation recombinant immunotoxin against CD22 on B‐cell lineages. Antileukemic activity has been demonstrated in children with chemotherapy‐refractory B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL), with variable responses. Here, we report in vitro and in vivo evaluation of moxetumomab pasudotox treatment of human cell lines and patient‐derived cells as a preliminary study to understand characteristics of sensitivity to treatment. Binding, internalization, and apoptosis were evaluated using fluorescently tagged moxetumomab pasudotox. Studies in NOD‐scid IL2Rgnull mice showed a modest survival benefit in mice engrafted with 697 cells but not in NALM6 or the two patient‐derived xenograft models.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of EZH2 inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia reveals the targets and pathways that precede the induction of cell death
Authors: Sandow Jarrod J. , Infusini Giuseppe , Holik Aliaksei Z. , Brumatti Gabriela , Averink Tessa V. , Ekert Paul G. , Webb Andrew I. 
Published: April 2017

PurposeChromosomal translocation of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) locus generates fusion proteins that drive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) resulting in atypical histone methyltransferase activity and alterations in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Targeting histone regulators, such as Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZH2), has shown promise in AML. Profiling differential protein expression following inhibition of epigenetic regulators in AML may help to identify novel targets for therapeutics.Experimental designMurine models of AML combined with quantitative SILAC analysis were used to identify differentially expressed proteins following inhibition of EZH2 activity using 3‐Deazaneplanocin A (DZnep). Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to validate a subset of differentially expressed proteins. Gene set analysis was used to determine changes to reported EZH2 target genes.ResultsOur quantitative proteomic analysis and subsequent validation of protein changes identified that epigenetic therapy leads to cell death preceded by the induction of differentiation with concurrent p53 up‐regulation and cell cycle arrest. Gene set analysis revealed a specific subset of EZH2 target genes that were regulated by DZnep in AML.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThese discoveries highlight how this new class of drugs affects AML cell biology and cell survival, and may help identify novel targets and strategies to increase treatment efficacy.
A single‐molecule reaction cascade: First‐principles molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Frank Irmgard 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe success of mechanochemistry is continued with the targeted organic synthesis of functional nano‐scale devices. In the present theoretical study, first principles molecular dynamics simulations are performed for a recently synthesized three‐ring system that functions as a molecular reaction cascade. Mechanochemical and photochemical reaction conditions are investigated. The system was designed in a way that three bonds would break consecutively in mechanochemical and sonochemical setups. We succeeded to simulate the reaction mechanisms with first‐principles molecular dynamics simulations and discuss the stereochemistry.
Immunosuppressive drugs in whole blood: validation of a commercially available liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry kit and comparison with immunochemical assays
Authors: Polledri Elisa , Mercadante Rosa , Ferraris Fusarini Chiara , Maiavacca Rita , Fustinoni Silvia 
Published: April 2017

RationaleIn the determination of immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine A (CSA), tacrolimus (TARO), sirolimus (SIRO), and everolimus (EVE) in whole blood there is an open debate about which is the best assay between immunochemistry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). This work is aimed to explore this topic, focusing on the use of updated assays and the analysis of a large number of samples.MethodsA certified in vitro diagnostic kit coupled with a medical device LC/MS/MS was validated and applied to the analysis of 1192 blood samples of patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs. The results were compared with those obtained by immunoassays.ResultsThe LC/MS/MS approach was found to provide linear, stable, precise, and accurate results, with lower limits of quantification of 12.5, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.2 μg/L for CSA, TACRO, SIRO, and EVE, respectively. With this method 80 samples were analysed and reported within a single work shift. A correlation was observed between the LC/MS/MS and immunoassay data, with Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.980 (n = 260) for CSA, 0.836 for TACRO (n = 562), 0.898 for SIRO (n = 113), and 0.904 for EVE (n = 257). Passing‐Bablock regression showed the presence of constant and proportional biases for most of the drugs. A Blond‐Altman graph showed differences between the assays, with immunoassays generally overestimating the drugs.ConclusionsThe LC/MS/MS certified kit was validated for the detection of immunosuppressant drugs in whole blood and it provided a high‐throughput method that is consistent with the requirements of clinical laboratories. The comparison of patient data between LC/MS/MS and up‐dated immunoassays shows that a significant discrepancy still exists, especially for CSA and SIRO, confirming the greater specificity associated with use of the LC/MS/MS assay Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene like Carbon Nanosheet: Interaction with some Drug Molecules and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Chattopadhyay Asoke P. , Mandal Prasenjit , Sarkar Rajkumar , Samadder Asmita , Khuda‐Bukhsh Anisur R. , Yadav Priya , Sarkar Keka 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGraphene‐like carbon nano‐sheets are prepared from dextrin, with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as stabiliser, by the action of concentrated sulfuric acid. Oxidation of such sheets produce graphene oxide (GO) like material. These are characterized in the usual manner and their photophysical properties are explored. Binding of certain drug molecules with carbon nano‐sheet is investigated fluorimetrically. Finally, action of carbon nano‐sheets on normal and cancer cell lines revealed that the sheets have no effect on normal cells, but induce apoptosis on cancer cells. Also, these carbon nano‐sheets behave very similar to reduced graphene oxide platelets.
Synthetic plant virology for nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine
Authors: Steele John F. C. , Peyret Hadrien , Saunders Keith , Castells‐Graells Roger , Marsian Johanna , Meshcheriakova Yulia , Lomonossoff George P. 
Published: April 2017

Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding field seeking to utilize nano‐scale structures for a wide range of applications. Biologically derived nanostructures, such as viruses and virus‐like particles (VLPs), provide excellent platforms for functionalization due to their physical and chemical properties. Plant viruses, and VLPs derived from them, have been used extensively in biotechnology. They have been characterized in detail over several decades and have desirable properties including high yields, robustness, and ease of purification. Through modifications to viral surfaces, either interior or exterior, plant‐virus‐derived nanoparticles have been shown to support a range of functions of potential interest to medicine and nano‐technology. In this review we highlight recent and influential achievements in the use of plant virus particles as vehicles for diverse functions: from delivery of anticancer compounds, to targeted bioimaging, vaccine production to nanowire formation. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1447. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1447This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures
Cues to individual identity in songs of songbirds: testing general song characteristics in Chiffchaffs Phylloscopus collybita
Authors: Průchová Alexandra , Jaška Pavel , Linhart Pavel 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Individual variation in vocalizations has been widely studied among different animal taxa, and it is commonly reported that vocalizations could be potentially used to monitor individuals in many species. Songbirds represent a challenging group of animals for the study of signalling of individual identity. They are highly vocal, but their songs are complex and can change over time. In this study, we tested whether general song characteristics, which are independent of song type, can be used to discriminate and consistently identify Chiffchaff males within and between days and between years. There was individual variation in songs of recorded Chiffchaffs, and it was possible to easily discriminate between males at any one point in time. However, the level of re-identification of males across days and years was low. For effective identification it was necessary to compare songs of a single song type. However, Chiffchaffs haphazardly switch among song types, sometimes singing the same song type for a long time, making it difficult to collect equivalent song types or to sample the birds’ full repertoires. For example, 5-min recordings of males taken in different years did not contain equivalent song types, leading to low identification success. Although we were not successful in the re-identification of males based on general song characteristics, we discuss methods of acoustic identification which are not dependent on song repertoire content and are potentially valuable tools for the study of species such as the Chiffchaff.