bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of time-, frequency- and direction-resolved communication within brain networks
Authors: Crouch Barry , Sommerlade Linda , Veselcic Peter , Riedel Gernot , Schelter Björn , Platt Bettina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractElectroencephalography (EEG) records fast-changing neuronal signalling and communication and thus can offer a deep understanding of cognitive processes. However, traditional data analyses which employ the Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT) have been of limited use as they do not allow time- and frequency-resolved tracking of brain activity and detection of directional connectivity. Here, we applied advanced qEEG tools using autoregressive (AR) modelling, alongside traditional approaches, to murine data sets from common research scenarios: (a) the effect of age on resting EEG; (b) drug actions on non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep EEG (pharmaco-EEG); and (c) dynamic EEG profiles during correct vs incorrect spontaneous alternation responses in the Y-maze. AR analyses of short data strips reliably detected age- and drug-induced spectral EEG changes, while renormalized partial directed coherence (rPDC) reported direction- and time-resolved connectivity dynamics in mice. Our approach allows for the first time inference of behaviour- and stage-dependent data in a time- and frequency-resolved manner, and offers insights into brain networks that underlie working memory processing beyond what can be achieved with traditional methods.
Malignancy dominated with rheumatic manifestations: A retrospective single-center analysis
Authors: Wen Jian , Ouyang Han , Yang Ru , Bo Lin , Zhang Yi , Tang Mei , Liu Zhichun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractParaneoplastic rheumatic syndromes comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by typical rheumatic manifestations but without direct invasion by the tumor or metastases. The clinical features and malignancy-associated risk factors of 21 patients with paraneoplastic rheumatic syndromes, including 11 men and 10 women with a mean age of 56.3 ± 13.1 years, were characterized by a retrospective review. All patients were diagnosed with malignancy within 2 years of rheumatism diagnosis. Patients suffering from solid malignancies accounted for the majority (62%); hematological malignancies were observed in the remainder. Arthritis (48%), lymph node enlargement (38%), skin rash (38%), weight loss (29%), fever/chills (24%), fatigue (24%), muscle soreness (24%) and smoking history (29%) were common findings. Except for 8 patients (38%) who tested positive for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and 9 positive for rheumatoid factor (RF), all patients tested negative for anti-extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) antibodies. Rheumatic disorders with a typical clinical presentation in older patients and nonspecific systemic features should alert clinicians to search for an occult malignancy. Patients with rheumatic disease must be closely followed to screen for malignancies, particularly within 2 years of rheumatism diagnosis.
Diversity Modification and Structure-Activity Relationships of Two Natural Products 1β-hydroxy Alantolactone and Ivangustin as Potent Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Tang Jiang-Jiang , He Qiu-Rui , Dong Shuai , Guo Xin , Wang Yu-Gong , Lei Bei-Lei , Tian Jun-Mian , Gao Jin-Ming 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are a class of plant secondary metabolites widely found in nature with potent antitumor activities. In this work, two isolated STLs 1β-hydroxy alantolactone (1) and ivangustin (2) were derivatized through diversity-oriented strategy, and in vitro cytotoxic activity assessments were conducted against six cell lines including HeLa, PC-3, HEp-2, HepG2, CHO and HUVEC. The cytotoxic structure-activity relationship showed that the double bond between C5 and C6 was beneficial to improve activity; C1-OH oxidized derivatives showed a slight stronger activity, comparable to the positive drug etoposide (VP-16). Yet, C1-OH esterified derivatives decreased the potency which were different from those of 1-O-acetylbritannilactone (ABL) reported previously by us, and C13-methylene reductive and spiro derivatives resulted in almost complete ablation of cytotoxic activity. Mechanistic basis of cytotoxicity of the representative compound 1i was assayed to relate with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, 1i inhibited TNF-α-induced canonical NF-κB signaling in PC-3 cells. Molecular modeling studies exhibited additional hydrogen bond interaction between 1i and the residue Lys37 of p65, indicating that 1i could form covalent protein adducts with Cys38 on p65.
Developmental Maturation and Alpha-1 Adrenergic Receptors-Mediated Gene Expression Changes in Ovine Middle Cerebral Arteries
Authors: Goyal Dipali , Goyal Ravi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Alpha Adrenergic Signaling Pathway is one of the chief regulators of cerebrovascular tone and cerebral blood flow (CBF), mediating its effects in the arteries through alpha1-adrenergic receptors (Alpha1AR). In the ovine middle cerebral artery (MCA), with development from a fetus to an adult, others and we have shown that Alpha1AR play a key role in contractile responses, vascular development, remodeling, and angiogenesis. Importantly, Alpha1AR play a significant role in CBF autoregulation, which is incompletely developed in a premature fetus as compared to a near-term fetus. However, the mechanistic pathways are not completely known. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that as a function of maturation and in response to Alpha1AR stimulation there is a differential gene expression in the ovine MCA. We conducted microarray analysis on transcripts from MCAs of premature fetuses (96-day), near-term fetuses (145-day), newborn lambs, and non-pregnant adult sheep (2-year) following stimulation of Alpha1AR with phenylephrine (a specific agonist). We observed several genes which belonged to pro-inflammatory and vascular development/angiogenesis pathway significantly altered in all of the four age groups. We also observed age-specific changes in gene expression–mediated by Alpha1AR stimulation in the different developmental age groups. These findings imply complex regulatory mechanisms of cerebrovascular development.
A new method using Raman spectroscopy for in vivo targeted brain cancer tissue biopsy
Authors: Desroches Joannie , Jermyn Michael , Pinto Michael , Picot Fabien , Tremblay Marie-Andrée , Obaid Sami , Marple Eric , Urmey Kirk , Trudel Dominique , Soulez Gilles , Guiot Marie-Christine , Wilson Brian C. , Petrecca Kevin , Leblond Frédéric 
Published: January 2018

AbstractModern cancer diagnosis requires histological, molecular, and genomic tumor analyses. Tumor sampling is often achieved using a targeted needle biopsy approach. Targeting errors and cancer heterogeneity causing inaccurate sampling are important limitations of this blind technique leading to non-diagnostic or poor quality samples, and the need for repeated biopsies pose elevated patient risk. An optical technology that can analyze the molecular nature of the tissue prior to harvesting could improve cancer targeting and mitigate patient risk. Here we report on the design, development, and validation of an in situ intraoperative, label-free, cancer detection system based on high wavenumber Raman spectroscopy. This optical detection device was engineered into a commercially available biopsy system allowing tumor analysis prior to tissue harvesting without disrupting workflow. Using a dual validation approach we show that high wavenumber Raman spectroscopy can detect human dense cancer with >60% cancer cells in situ during surgery with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 90%, respectively. We also demonstrate for the first time the use of this system in a swine brain biopsy model. These studies set the stage for the clinical translation of this optical molecular imaging method for high yield and safe targeted biopsy.
Blockade of histone deacetylase 6 protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Tang Jinhua , Shi Yingfeng , Liu Na , Xu Liuqing , Zang Xiujuan , Li Peibin , Zhang Juanlian , Zheng Xiaoqing , Qiu Andong , Zhuang Shougang 
Published: January 2018

Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been shown to be involved in various pathological conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory diseases. Nonetheless, its specific role in drug-induced nephrotoxicity is poorly understood. Cisplatin (dichlorodiamino platinum) belongs to an inorganic platinum – fundamental chemotherapeutic drug utilized in the therapy of various solid malignant tumors. However, the use of cisplatin is extremely limited by obvious side effects, for instance bone marrow suppression and nephrotoxicity. In the present study, we utilized a murine model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and a highly selective inhibitor of HDAC6, tubastatin A (TA), to assess the role of HDAC6 in nephrotoxicity and its associated mechanisms. Cisplatin-induced AKI was accompanied by increased expression and activation of HDAC6; blocking HDAC6 with TA lessened renal dysfunction, attenuated renal pathological changes, reduced expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule 1, and decreased tubular cell apoptosis. In cultured human epithelial cells, TA or HDAC6 siRNA treatment also inhibited cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that cisplatin treatment induced phosphorylation of AKT and loss of E-cadherin in the nephrotoxic kidney, and administration of TA enhanced AKT phosphorylation and preserved E-cadherin expression. HDAC6 inhibition also potentiated autophagy as evidenced by increased expression of autophagy-related gene (Atg) 7 (Atg7), Beclin-1, and decreased renal oxidative stress as demonstrated by up-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and down-regulation of malondialdehyde levels. Moreover, TA was effective in inhibiting nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB) phosphorylation and suppressing the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Collectively, these data provide strong evidence that HDAC6 inhibition is protective against cisplatin-induced AKI and suggest that HDAC6 may be a potential therapeutic target for AKI treatment.
An ALMA study of the Orion Integral Filament
Authors: Hacar A. , Tafalla M. , Forbrich J. , Alves J. , Meingast S. , Grossschedl J. , Teixeira P. S. 
Published: January 2018

Aim. We have investigated the gas organization within the paradigmatic Integral Shape Filament (ISF) in Orion in order to decipher whether or not all filaments are bundles of fibers. Methods. We combined two new ALMA Cycle 3 mosaics with previous IRAM 30m observations to produce a high-dynamic range N2H+ (1-0) emission map of the ISF tracing its high-density material and velocity structure down to scales of 0.009 pc (or ~2000 AU). Results. From the analysis of the gas kinematics, we identify a total of 55 dense fibers in the central region of the ISF. Independently of their location in the cloud, these fibers are characterized by transonic internal motions, lengths of ~0.15 pc, and masses per unit length close to those expected in hydrostatic equilibrium. The ISF fibers are spatially organized forming a dense bundle with multiple hub-like associations likely shaped by the local gravitational potential. Within this complex network, the ISF fibers show a compact radial emission profile with a median FWHM of 0.035 pc systematically narrower than the previously proposed universal 0.1 pc filament width. Conclusions. Our ALMA observations reveal complex bundles of fibers in the ISF, suggesting strong similarities between the internal substructure of this massive filament and previously studied lower-mass objects. The fibers show identical dynamic properties in both low- and high-mass regions, and their widespread detection in nearby clouds suggests a preferred organizational mechanism of gas in which the physical fiber dimensions (width and length) are self-regulated depending on their intrinsic gas density. Combining these results with previous works in Musca, Taurus, and Perseus, we identify a systematic increase of the surface density of fibers as a function of the total mass per-unit-length in filamentary clouds. Based on this empirical correlation, we propose a unified star-formation scenario where the observed differences between low- and high-mass clouds, and the origin of clusters, emerge naturally from the initial concentration of fibers.
Recent Progress in Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclizations for Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Ohno Hiroaki , Inuki Shinsuke 
Published: January 2018

Cascade reactions (also represented as domino reactions) realize the step-economical direct construction of natural product core structures. The use of atom-economical elementary reactions in cascade processes can minimize waste production and avoid prefunctionalization of the substrates. Palladium catalysis, which promotes a variety of atom-economical elementary reactions, has long been used as a powerful approach to the direct formation of complex heterocycles. In this short review, palladium-catalyzed cascade reactions for the construction of core structures of natural products reported in the last decade­ are highlighted.1	Introduction2	Reactions Terminated with Heteronucleophiles2.1	Termination with Nitrogen Nucleophiles2.2	Termination with Oxygen Nucleophiles3	Reactions Terminated with Carbon Functional Groups3.1	Termination with Carbon Nucleophiles3.2	Termination with Heck-Type Reactions4	Conclusion
A Neonate with an Unusual Midline Defect and Cardiovascular Anomaly
Authors: Poryo Martin , Hoffmann Paul , Schäfers Hans-Joachim , Meier Clemens-Magnus , Altmeyer Katrin , Abdul-Khaliq Hashim , Zemlin Michael , Meyer Sascha 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe present a female neonate with a sternal cleft (SC) and additional aortic aneurysm who presented with respiratory failure. Stabilization of the SC was achieved by using the xyphoid process as an autologous graft bridging the upper part of the SC. We conclude that a step-wise correction of the SC with the use of an autologous graft may improve respiratory function, and should be considered when complete surgical correction is not feasible.
Comparing the Efficacy of the Total Stabilizing and Posterior Stabilizing Knee Prostheses in Obese and Preobese Females: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Worhacz Kellen , Jacofsky Marc , Jacofsky David , Ahmed Sarim 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObesity is associated with increased surgical complications that may lead to suboptimal total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes. Additionally, females exhibit increased rates of severe, clinical osteoarthritis OA, along with increased ligamentous laxity. Therefore, obese females present a particularly challenging case for TKA with increased joint loads coupled with a propensity for instability. This study retrospectively analyzed knee range of motion and stability of one TKA designs with two different degrees of polyethylene conformity in the obese female population. The implants (Stryker Triathlon total stabilizing [TS] and Stryker Triathlon posterior stabilizing [PS]) differ in their level of constraint, with the TS being more constrained. We hypothesized that the TS implants would be associated with improved functional outcomes in the obese female population, secondary to increased coronal stability to offset the ligamentous laxity. Of 482 knees reviewed, 173 met the inclusion criteria of: female, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25, receiving TS (N = 93), or PS (N = 8). Primary knee outcome measures were: active flexion, passive flexion, active extension, passive extension, and stability at 0° and 30° flexion. These factors were statistically analyzed at preop, 2-week, 6-week, 3-month, and 1-year time points. Preoperatively, the TS cohort was significantly higher in BMI and knee laxity, potentially starting this cohort at a functional disadvantage. Postoperatively, the TS implant was associated with a statistically significant early improvement in active and passive knee extension. There was no longer any significant difference in knee laxity postop. Our data support the hypothesis that obese females may benefit from the increased stability afforded by the TS design.
Evidence that Extreme Dilutions of Paclitaxel and Docetaxel Alter Gene Expression of In Vitro Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Şeker Sinem , Güven Celal , Akçakaya Handan , Bahtiyar Nurten , Akbaş Fahri , Onaran İlhan 
Published: January 2018

Background Gene expression analysis of cells treated with extreme dilutions or micro amounts of drugs has been used to provide useful suggestions about biological responses. However, most of the previous studies were performed on medicines being prepared from a variety of herbal and metal sources. This study investigated the effects of ultramolecular dilution of the taxane anti-cancer drugs, which are not commonly used in homeopathic medicines, on mRNA expression profiles of five key genes (p53, p21, COX-2, TUBB2A and TUBB3) in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7.
Method MCF-7 cells were exposed to paclitaxel (Taxol) or docetaxel (Taxotere) preparations (6X, 5C and 15C dilutions prepared from pharmacological concentration of 25 nmol/L) for 72 hours. The cell culture groups were evaluated with the trypan blue dye exclusion method for the proliferation/cytotoxicity rates, immuno-staining β-tubulin for microtubule organization, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for gene expression levels.Fold-change in gene expression was determined by the ΔΔCt method.
Results The administration of diluted preparations had little or no cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells, but altered the expression of genes analyzed with a complex effect. According to the ΔΔCt method with a five-fold expression difference (p < 0.05) as a cut-off level, ultra-high dilutions of paclitaxel and docetaxel showed differential effects on the studied genes with a concentration-independent activity. Furthermore, the dilutions disrupted the microtubule structure of MCF-7 cells, suggesting that they retain their biological activity.
Conclusion Despite some limitations, our findings demonstrate that gene expression alterations also occur with ultra-high dilutions of taxane drugs.
Cataract Surgery Cancellations: An Analysis of Financial and Resident Training Implications at a Major Eye Institution
Authors: Padidam Sneha , Wisner Douglas , Kenney Brianna , Peterson Jared , Pizzi Laura , Leiby Benjamin , Hark Lisa , Bailey Robert ,   the Wills Cataract Research Group
Published: January 2018

Purpose The objective of this study was to assess reasons for cancellation of resident-performed cataract surgery, identify modifiable barriers to completion of the surgery on the scheduled date, and analyze the healthcare reimbursements and educational experiences lost as a result of cancellations.
Setting General eye clinic staffed by residents in a major urban center.
Design Retrospective, observational study.
Methods The study compared patients (older than 18 years) who canceled their cataract surgery to patients who underwent surgery on their scheduled date. Cancellation and reimbursement information was obtained from the surgical coordinator's scheduling book and billing information. Demographic information was obtained from patient electronic medical records, and scheduling logs. A brief phone survey was implemented to identify patient's barriers to surgery if a reason for cancellation was undocumented.
Results The overall cancellation rate over 1-year was 29.54% and most common overall reason for cancellation was that preadmission testing (PAT) was not completed in time for the procedure. Overall, 72% of the cancellations were made within 7 days of the surgery. The total estimated lost potential reimbursement due to cancellation was $844,370. The relative loss of surgical opportunities for residents throughout this 1-year period was 230 cases or 29 surgeries per resident.
Conclusion These findings have prompted a new study testing whether on-site mandatory PATs conducted on the same day as the patient's ophthalmology evaluation will reduce cataract surgery cancellation rates.
Eye Care Industry Analysis
Authors: Pathipati Akhilesh , Tsai James 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEye care is a large and growing industry in the United States. Demographic and lifestyle trends will spur increased demand in coming years, but industry earnings will depend on the state of regulation and health care reform. Ophthalmologists and optometrists are the two major service providers in the industry. While the markets for both professions are currently fragmented, the wave of consolidation and commoditization in health care will likely catch up to eye care in coming years. Scope of practice legislation continues to be a topic of heated debate. As it evolves, consolidated practices will move toward an integrated model that uses both types of providers to meet demand.
Impact of Duration of Perioperative Ischemia on Outcomes of Microsurgical Reconstructions
Authors: Heidekrueger Paul , Ninkovic Milomir , Broer P. , Ehrl Denis 
Published: January 2018

Background Free tissue transfers have become routine for a variety of reconstructive purposes. During the time of transfer, some period of ischemia time is unavoidable, causing structural and metabolic changes. This study aimed to evaluate whether length of intraoperative ischemia affects the outcomes of microsurgical reconstructions.
Methods Within a 7-year period, 638 patients having undergone 690 microvascular free flap reconstructions fulfilled inclusion criteria for this study. The data were retrospectively screened for patients' demographics, intra- and perioperative details, flap survival, surgical complications, and outcomes. The cases were divided into two groups according to the length of intraoperative ischemia time, “< 60” versus “≥ 60 minutes.”
Results Both groups were comparable regarding the patient constellation, comorbidities, smoking status, and perioperative characteristics. Operative times were significantly longer in patients which had ischemia times of ≥ 60 minutes (p < 0.05). Also, during our 3-month follow-up period, a significantly higher rate of major and minor surgical complications, including total and partial flap losses, as well as higher revision rates occurred in the ≥ 60 minutes ischemia time group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion In this study, prolonged ischemia time during free flap reconstructions was associated with higher rates of revision surgeries and complications rates.