bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local treatment with electrochemotherapy of superficial angiosarcomas: Efficacy and safety results from a multi‐institutional retrospective study
Authors: Guida Michele , Campana Luca G. , Curatolo Pietro , Strippoli Sabino , Bonadies Antonio , Grilz Gretha , Cabula Carlo , Rotunno Roberta , Bucher Stefania , Solari Nicola , Santoriello Antonio , Valpione Sara , Rossi Carlo R. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundAngiosarcoma is an aggressive vascular neoplasm with a high propensity for local recurrence. Electrochemotherapy is an emerging skin‐directed therapy, exerting prominent cytotoxic activity, and antivascular effects. Its efficacy in angiosarcoma has not been investigated.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective analysis reviewed patients who underwent electrochemotherapy from 2007 to 2014 for superficial advanced angiosarcomas. Bleomycin was administered intravenously and delivered within tumors by means of percutaneously applied electric pulses, according to the European Standard Operating Procedures for Electrochemotherapy. Tumor assessment was performed using RECIST (version 1.1). Toxicity (CTCAE, v4.0) and local progression‐free survival (LPFS) were also evaluated.ResultsNineteen patients (13 with locally advanced and 6 with metastatic angiosarcomas) were treated. Tumor sites were: scalp (n = 5), breast (n = 8), other skin sites (n = 3), and soft tissue (n = 3). Target lesions (n = 54) ranged in size from 1.5 to 2.5 cm (median, 2 cm). Treatment was well tolerated. After 2 months, an objective response was observed in 12/19 (63%) patients, complete in 8 (42%). One‐year LPFS within treatment field was 68%. Local symptom improvement included palliation of bleeding (5/19 patients) and pain relief (6/19 patients).ConclusionsElectrochemotherapy may represent a new locoregional treatment for selected patients with superficial angiosarcomas. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:246–253. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced photonic spin Hall effect with subwavelength topological edge states
Authors: Slobozhanyuk Alexey P. , Poddubny Alexander N. , Sinev Ivan S. , Samusev Anton K. , Yu Ye Feng , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Kivshar Yuri S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhotonic structures offer unique opportunities for controlling light‐matter interaction, including the photonic spin Hall effect associated with the transverse spin‐dependent displacement of a light beam that propagates in specially designed optical media. However, due to small spin‐orbit coupling, the photonic spin Hall effect is usually weak at the nanoscale. Here we suggest theoretically and demonstrate experimentally, in both optics and microwave experiments, the photonic spin Hall effect enhanced by topologically protected edge states in subwavelength arrays of resonant dielectric particles. Based on direct near‐field measurements, we observe the selective excitation of the topological edge states controlled by the handedness of the incident light. Additionally, we reveal the main requirements to the symmetry of photonic structures to achieve the topology‐enhanced spin Hall effect, and also analyse the robustness of the photonic edge states against the long‐range coupling.
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Effect of Soft‐to‐Hard Segment Ratio on Viscoelastic Behavior of Model Thermoplastic Polyurethanes during Phase Transitions
Authors: Gadley Jesse L. , Andrade Ricardo J. , Maia João M. 
Published: May 2016

Model thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are prepared with the aim of investigating the effect of soft‐to‐hard segment ratio on the phase transition and the resulting structure that forms upon isothermal exposure to temperatures near their phase transition temperature. The dynamic rheological properties of TPUs before exposure to these isothermal conditions show a phase transition at high temperatures that is directly related to the content of hard segments. The extensional viscosity data indicate a strain‐hardening behavior that becomes less pronounced with the increase of hard segments. After isothermal treatment, the DSC results show that the high‐temperature endotherm peak narrows and shifts to higher temperatures, suggesting a transition in structure. Small angle X‐ray scattering, wide angle X‐ray scattering, and atomic force microcopy results indicate a phase‐separated system in which the hard domain sizes and crystallinity change during this process. The rheological data collected after recrystallization show a significant increase in both moduli, transitioning from viscoelastic fluid‐like to glassy behavior. Concurrently, the uniaxial elongation viscosity presents a significant increase in absolute values, but with a shift from strain‐hardening to strain‐softening behavior for all strain rates. A transition from traditional phase separated viscoelastic melt behavior to more brittle rupture is also observed, marking a significant fundamental difference in properties before and after recrystallization.
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Sulfonated poly(meta‐phenylene isophthalamide)s as proton exchange membranes
Authors: Liu Feilong , Knauss Daniel M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTRandom and block sulfonated poly(meta‐phenylene isopthalamide)s as proton exchange membranes were synthesized through the Higashi‐Yamazaki phosphorylation method. Polymers with different degrees of sulfonation from 40 to 100 mol percent were prepared by adjusting the molar feed ratio of 5‐sulfoisophthalic acid sodium salt (SIPA) and isophthalic acid (IPA) in the reaction with meta‐phenylene diamine. Creasable polymer films were obtained by casting DMSO polymer solutions and the membrane films could be exchanged to the proton form in strong acid. 1H NMR spectroscopy and titration confirmed the degree of sulfonation. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated good thermal stabilities with 5% weight loss greater than 380 °C. The copolymers with low degrees of sulfonation (DS = 40 mol %) exhibited low water uptake (water uptake < 17 wt %) at room temperature. A segmented multiblock copolymer prepared by preforming a sulfonated block showed lower water uptake at high temperatures than the random polymer with the same DS of 40 mol % and displayed stability in water up to 80 °C. Both random and block copolymers showed higher proton conductivities at high temperature than that of Nafion‐117 under 95% relative humidity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2582–2592
Fabrication of V‐shaped brushes consisting of two highly incompatible arms of PEG and fluorinated PMMA and their protein‐resistance performance
Authors: Huang Jin , He Tingting , He Xumiao , Xu Jianquan , Zuo Biao , Wang Xinping 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, the fluorinated amphiphilic V‐shaped brushes with two highly incompatible arms of mPEG42 and PMMA38‐b‐PFMAy were produced by reacting COOH in the PAA segment in methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(acrylic acid)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(2‐perfluoro‐octylethyl methacrylate) (mPEG42‐b‐PAA11‐b‐PMMA38‐b‐PFMAy) with an epoxy group on the functionalized SiO2 substrate. It was found that the resulting phase separation structures of the V‐shaped brushes can be adjusted by altering the degree of polymerization (y) of PFMA. The brush surface with y = 8 showed an alternating phase separation structure, in which one domain was water‐soluble PEG and the other was ultralow surface energy domain with a crystalline fluorinated side group. Protein adsorption studies indicated that this surface structure exhibited desirable protein‐resistant performance. The reason was attributed to the stimuli‐responsive PEG domain, in which PEG chains stretch out at the interface in water, while the PFMA domain remains relatively stable. The synergistic effect of the hydrophilic PEG domain and the hydrophobic PFMA domain in water prevents protein adsorption. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2599–2610
Controlled metal‐free polymerization toward well‐defined thermoresponsive polypeptides by polymerization at low temperature
Authors: Jiang Yuanzhang , Wang Shixue , Zhang Xiaojie , Tao Youhua , Wang Xianhong 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA controlled metal‐free synthetic methodology toward well‐defined thermoresponsive polypeptides by decreasing the reaction temperature to 0 °C has been developed. Good control over the molecular weight in the polymerization of a trithiocarbonate‐functionalized N‐carboxyanhydride (MES‐l‐Glu‐NCA) monomer was obtained using n‐hexylamine as the initiator at 0 °C. It yielded homopolypeptide macro‐transfer agent (PMESLG) with narrow molecular weight distribution (PDI < 1.3) and controllable chain length. Detailed 1H NMR and MALDI‐TOF‐MS analysis clearly confirmed that frequently occurring side‐reactions was absent at 0 °C, and the polymerization was controlled. The resultant PMESLG was applied to mediate the reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of oligo‐ethylene‐glycol acrylate (OEGA) for the metal‐free synthesis of thermoresponsive polypeptides. These thermoresponsive polypeptides have well‐controlled molecular weight, adopted regular α‐helical conformation, and exhibited a lower critical solution temperature between 23 °C and 55 °C. To the best of our knowledge, there are very few reports about the synthesis of well‐defined thermoresponsive graft polypeptides via NCA polymerization and RAFT. Consequently, this provides a new strategy for the synthesis of promising intelligent material for future biomedical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2618–2624
Importance of domain purity in semi‐conducting polymer/insulating polymer blends transistors
Authors: Zhang Guocheng , Yang Huihuang , He Lilin , Hu Liqin , Lan Shuqiong , Li Fushan , Chen Huipeng , Guo Tailiang 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTPrinted electronics is a rapidly developing field of research which covers any electronic devices or circuits that can be processed using direct printing techniques. Among those printing techniques, inkjet printing is a technique of increasing interest for organic field‐effect transistors (FETs) due to its fully data driven and direct patterning. In this work, the morphology of semi‐conducting polymer/insulating polymer blends from inkjet printing and their FET properties have been investigated. We attempted to optimize the morphology of the blends by the addition of a co‐solvent to the blend solution prior to film deposition. By varying the boiling temperature of the co‐solvent, blend films are fabricated with varying domain purity and different degree of semi‐conducting polymer ordering. The morphologies of all the as‐cast samples from inkjet printing and subsequently thermally annealed samples are characterized by grazing incidence wide angle x‐ray scattering and small angle neutron scattering. The results indicate that the sample where a low boiling temperature co‐solvent is used exhibits a lower degree of semi‐conducting polymer ordering and less pure domains, resulting in a decrease of hole mobility. The morphologies that are formed when high boiling temperature co‐solvent is used, however, give a higher degree of semi‐conducting polymer ordering along with higher domain purity, significantly improving hole mobility up to 1.44 cm2 V−1 s−1 at VDS = 40 V. More importantly, with thermal annealing, all the samples exhibit similar semi‐conducting polymer ordering and domain sizes while the domain purity significantly varies. This work is a unique example that demonstrates the importance of domain purity in the optimization of morphology and FET performance, which is previous unavailable. It also provides a novel process that can efficiently control the morphology of semi‐conducting polymer/insulating polymer mixtures during deposition to maximize FET performance from inkjet printing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1760–1766
Larval western bean cutworm feeding damage encourages the development of Gibberella ear rot on field corn
Authors: Parker Nicole S , Anderson Nolan R , Richmond Douglas S , Long Elizabeth Y , Wise Kiersten A , Krupke Christian H 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDA 2 year study was conducted to determine whether western bean cutworm (Striacosta albicosta Smith) (WBC) larval feeding damage increases severity of the fungal disease Gibberella ear rot [Fusarium graminearum (Schwein.) Petch] in field corn (Zea mays L.). The effect of a quinone‐outside inhibiting fungicide, pyraclostrobin, on Gibberella ear rot severity and mycotoxin production, both with and without WBC pressure, was also evaluated. The impact of each variable was assessed individually and in combination to determine the effect of each upon ear disease severity.RESULTSThere was a positive correlation between the presence of WBC larvae in field corn and Gibberella ear rot severity under inoculated conditions in the 2 years of the experiment. An application of pyraclostrobin did not impact Gibberella ear rot development when applied at corn growth stage R1 (silks first emerging).CONCLUSIONFeeding damage from WBC larvae significantly increases the development of F. graminearum in field corn. We conclude that an effective integrated management strategy for Gibberella ear rot should target the insect pest first, in an effort to limit disease severity and subsequent mycotoxin production by F. graminearum in kernels. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Phase Transfer Catalysis with Quaternary Ammonium Type Gemini Surfactants: O‐Alkylation of Isovanillin
Authors: Boz Mesut , Baştürk Sedat Semih 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, O‐alkylation of isovanillin with unusual phase transfer catalysts alkandiyl‐α,ω‐bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) dimeric surfactants (also known as gemini surfactants) is described. Some dimeric surfactants with simple hydrophobic alkyl chains and others with hydrophobic alkyl chains containing ester functionalities with different lengths were synthesized and characterized in our laboratory. The alkylation of isovanillin with alkyl halide was successively carried out in the presence of potassium carbonate and a phase transfer catalyst in tetrahydrofuran. The same reactions were also performed with both the traditional phase transfer catalyst tetrabutylammonium bromide and without any catalyst. The results were compared with those of dimeric surfactants. Consequently, it was expressed that alkandiyl‐α,ω‐bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) dimeric surfactants successively exhibit the character of phase transfer catalysts through environmentally friendly procedures under mild conditions. The most significant feature of this work is that dimeric surfactants have been determined to act as phase transfer agents.
Polysiloxanes with Quaternary Ammonium and Polyether Groups for Silyl‐Terminated Polypropylene Oxide Waterborne Emulsions
Authors: Hou Zhaosheng , Yang Bing , Zhang Dongmei , Xu Zhen , Kan Chengyou 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, polysiloxanes with pendant quaternary ammonium and polyether segments (EQAPS, nonionic–cationic silicone surfactant) were synthesized through hydrosilylation of poly(dimethylhydro)siloxane with allyl poly(ethylene glycol) acetic ester (Mn = 540) and allyl glycidyl ether, followed by a ring‐opening reaction of epoxide groups with diethyl amine and quaternization with benzyl chloride. The chemical structures of EQAPS and intermediate products were characterized by 1H‐NMR and FT‐IR spectra. The surface activity and thermal properties of EQAPS were studied with surface tension measurement and differential scanning calorimetry analysis, respectively. The results showed that the EQAPS had a much smaller critical micelle concentration value (118 mg/L) and lower glass‐transition temperature (Tg: −57 °C). The silyl‐terminated polypropylene oxide waterborne emulsions, which were substantially free from organic solvent, were prepared via a phase‐inversion emulsification technique using EQAPS as single emulsifier and/or poly(ethylene glycol) (n = 400) as cosolvent. The electrical properties of the system indicated that the phase inversion was completely accomplished. The viscosity of the emulsions with different solid contents was measured, and the results showed that the most suitable solid content was about 50 wt%. The emulsions with smaller particle size (12 μm) had better storage stability (48 days at 50 °C) and freeze–thaw stability.
The treatment of the sea peril exception of the Hague-Visby Rules in common law and civil law jurisdictions
Authors: Katsivela Marel 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The present study is a comparative analysis of the international ocean carrier of goods sea peril exoneration (article 4.2.c of the Hague and the Visby Rules) following Australian, English, Canadian, French, Italian, Greek and Chinese laws. The author analyses the main characteristics of the liability defence under the mentioned domestic laws in seeking to determine whether uniformity in the qualification of the exception exists or is possible.
Spatial distribution of Crustacea and associated organisms in the Luoping Biota (Anisian, Middle Triassic), Yunnan Province, China: evidence of periodic mass kills
Authors: Feldmann Rodney M. , Schweitzer Carrie E. , Hu Shixue , Huang Jinyuan , Zhou Changyong , Zhang Qiyue , Wen Wen , Xie Tao , Maguire Evin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe distribution of all recognized biotic elements was mapped on five extensive surfaces of the Middle Triassic Guanling Formation exposed in quarries near Luoping, Yunnan Province, China. A 0.5 m2 grid was overlain on the surfaces, and all recognizable fossils were located by placing them in one of nine quadrants within the grid. A total of 240 m2 were mapped, and each specimen observed was recorded as one of 15 categories, subsequently grouped as pelagic, benthic, and other (bone, trace fossils, algae). The pelagic component, fish, thylacocephalans, and mysidaceans, dominated all layers. The benthic component was sparse on all surfaces; epifaunal, vagrant organisms were the dominant forms, suggesting that the substrate was unsuitable for infaunal and sessile epifaunal organisms. Shrimp and bivalves dominated the benthic organisms. Two of the surfaces were overwhelmingly dominated by mysidaceans, and one was dominated by thylacocephalans, suggesting that their remains documented periodic mass kills of swarming, pelagic organisms. Scanning electron microscope analysis of the bedding surfaces revealed nothing remarkable about the sediment, suggesting that the cause of death of the organisms was likely due to an event within the water column, possibly an algae bloom, not recorded in the sediment record.
New and little-known bryozoans from Monte León Formation (early Miocene, Argentina) and their paleobiogeographic relationships
Authors: Pérez Leandro M. , López-Gappa Juan , Griffin Miguel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe bryozoan fauna from the South American Cenozoic is poorly known. The study of new material collected in the Monte León Formation (early Miocene), gave us the opportunity to describe four new species:Valdemunitella canuin. sp.,Foveolaria praecursorn. sp.,Neothoa reptansn. sp., andCalyptotheca santacruzanan. sp. Two of them (V.canuiandC.santacruzana) were first recorded by F. Canu and interpreted as recent species from the Australian bryozoan fauna, but are herein described as new species. The stratigraphic range ofOtionella parvula(Canu, 1904) is extended to the early Miocene. The present study emphasizes the close relationships between the South American Neogene bryozoan faunas and those of other Gondwanan sub-continents such as New Zealand and Australia.
The new genusTalacastospongia: insights on the first record of a Devonian sponge from South America
Authors: Carrera Marcelo G. , Rustán Juan José 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) hexactinellid spongeTalacastospongia minimanew genus new species is reported from the lower beds of the Talacasto Formation in the Argentine Precordillera. It represents the first Devonian sponge from South America and the best record in the paleobiogeographic context of the Malvinokaffric Realm, otherwise virtually devoid of spiculate sponges. This discovery provides some tentative insights on the age and oldest record of the Family Pileolitidae. The paleogeographical context for this new finding shows a high latitude setting with a notable scarcity of hexactinellid sponges recorded to date in Devonian Malvinokaffric basins, and the absence of calcareous spiculate sponges (heteractinids) and hypercalcified sponges (stromatoporoids, sphinctozoans).
A catalog of M-type star candidates in the LAMOST data release 1
Authors: Zhong Jing , Lépine Sébastien , Li Jing , Chen Li , Hou Jinliang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this work, we present a set of M-type star candidates selected from the LAMOST DR1. A discrimination method with the spectral index diagram is used to separate M giants and M dwarfs. Then, we have successfully assembled a set of M giants templates from M0 to M6, using the spectra identified from the LAMOST spectral database. After combining the M dwarf templates in Zhong et al. (2015a) and the new created M giant templates, we use the M-type spectral library to perform the template-fit method to classify and identify M-type stars in the LAMOST DR1. A catalog of M-type star candidates including 8639 M giants and 101690 M dwarfs/subdwarfs is provided. As an additional results, we also present other fundamental parameters like proper motion, photometry, radial velocity and spectroscopic distance.
The LAMOST Complete Spectroscopic Survey of Pointing Area at Southern Galactic Cap
Authors: Wu Hong , Yang Ming , Lam Man I , Yang Fan , Wu Chao-Jian , Cao Tian-Wen ,   LAMOST Collaboration
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe LAMOST Complete Spectroscopic Survey of Pointing Area (LCSSPA) at Southern Galactic Cap (SGC), is one of the LAMOST Key Project, designed to complete the spectroscopic observations of all Galactic and extra-galactic sources in two selected fields of 20 degrees2 at SGC, with the limiting magnitude of r = 18.1 mag. The main purposes of the project are focused on the completeness of the LAMOST ExtraGAlactic Surveys (LEGAS), testing the selection methods of galaxies and stars, and obtaining the basic performance parameters of the LAMOST telescope. Meanwhile the scientific studies include galaxies, clusters of galaxies, variable sources (quasars and variable stars), infrared excess stars and luminous infrared galaxies. The project has considerable scientific value since it is the most complete spectral data in LEGAS up to now. The project completed its observation in the early of 2014, and obtained at least 5000 spectra of galaxies and 25000 spectra of stars.
Globular clusters and their contribution to the formation of the Galactic halo
Authors: Carretta Eugenio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis is a “biased” review because I will show recent evidence on the contribution of globular clusters (GCs) to the halo of our Galaxy seen through the lens of the new paradigm of multiple populations in GCs. I will show a few examples where the chemistry of multiple populations helps to answer hot questions including whether and how much GCs did contribute to the halo population, if we have evidence of the GCs-halo link, what are the strengths and weak points concerning this contribution.
Are the globular clusters with significant internal [Fe/H] spreads all former dwarf galaxy nuclei?
Authors: Da Costa G. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this contribution the hypothesis that the Galactic globular clusters with substantial internal [Fe/H] abundance ranges are the former nuclei of disrupted dwarf galaxies is discussed. Evidence considered includes the form of the metallicity distribution function, the occurrence of large diffuse outer envelopes in cluster density profiles, and the presence of ([s-process/Fe], [Fe/H]) correlations. The hypothesis is shown to be plausible but with the caveat that if significantly more than the current nine clusters known to have [Fe/H] spreads are found, then re-evaluation will be required.