bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A molecular phylogeny of the north‐east Atlantic species of the genus Idotea (Isopoda) with focus on the Baltic Sea
Authors: Panova Marina , Nygren Arne , Jonsson Per R. , Leidenberger Sonja 
Published: February 2017

Today, the marine isopods of the genus Idotea Fabricius, 1798 consist of 26 accepted species. Most species can be found in the Northern Hemisphere. While some species have a cosmopolitan distribution, others are endemic to a few coastlines. In the Baltic Sea, Idotea species have a key role as important meso‐grazers. Only three species can be found in this brackish environment, I. balthica, I. chelipes and I. granulosa, while nine species are described from the whole European coast. The goal of the present study was to reconstruct the phylogeny of the genus Idotea and to test whether the Baltic low‐salinity tolerant species represent a single lineage within the genus. The phylogeny of north‐east Atlantic Idotea species was investigated based on a fragment of the nuclear gene 28S and the mitochondrial gene COI for eight Idotea species. The phylogenetic reconstructions showed that the genus Idotea might not be monophyletic. Neither I. linearis nor I. urotoma did belong to the separated and well‐supported Idotea clade of I. balthica, I. chelipes, I. emarginata, I. granulosa, I. metallica and I. pelagica. The three Idotea species found in the Baltic belonged to different lineages, with estimated COI‐based divergence time older than 7 Myr. This suggests that the tolerance to low salinity has likely evolved in the genus Idotea more than once.
Using Content Maps to Measure Content Development in Physical Education: Validation and Application
Authors: Ward Phillip , Dervent Fatih , Lee Yun Soo , Ko Bomna , Kim Insook , Tao Wang 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:This study reports on our efforts toward extending the conceptual understanding of content development in physical education by validating content maps as a measurement tool, examining new categories of instructional tasks to describe content development and validating formulae that can be used to evaluate depth of content development.Method:The reliability, content, and concurrent validity of content maps and formulae were evaluated together with an application of the content maps and formulae. Descriptive statistics were used to report the data.Results:The reliability and validity of content maps was established. The new categories allowed for a finer analysis of content development. All formulae differentiated among different content expertise.Discussion/Conclusion:If depth of content knowledge is evidenced by tasks designed to refine, extend and apply student performance, then the content map, categories and formulae reported in this study provide tools that have utility for teachers, teacher educators and researchers.
Health-Related Fitness Knowledge Development Through Project-Based Learning
Authors: Hastie Peter A. , Chen Senlin , Guarino Anthony J. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the process and outcome of an intervention using the project-based learning (PBL) model to increase students’ health-related fitness (HRF) knowledge.Method:The participants were 185 fifth-grade students from three schools in Alabama (PBL group: n = 109; control group: n = 76). HRF knowledge was measured using a valid written test.Results:Using a two-level Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) where students were nested within teachers’ classrooms, the results show that controlling for “Class” there was a statistically significant difference between the two group conditions with the PBL cohort scoring 18.85% greater than the control schools at posttest.Discussion:The findings have shown supportive evidence as to the efficacy of a PBL-themed fitness education unit.
Genome Sequences of Human and Livestock Isolates of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus from the Country of Georgia
Authors: Sidamonidze Ketevan , Hang Jun , Yang Yu , Dzavashvili George , Zhgenti Ekaterine , Trapaidze Nino , Imnadze Paata , Nikolich Mikeljon P. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Brucellosis, which is among the most widespread global zoonotic diseases, is endemic in the nation of Georgia and causes substantial human morbidity and economic loss. Here, we report whole-genome sequences of three
Brucella melitensis
and seven
Brucella abortus
isolates from cattle, sheep, and humans that represent genetic groups discovered in Georgia.
Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 8198
Authors: Dong Qing-Qing , Hu Hai-Jie , Luo Xue-Gang , Wang Qiu-Tong , Gu Xiang-Chao , Zhou Hao , Zhou Wen-Juan , Ni Xiao-Meng , Zhang Tong-Cun 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of
Lactobacillus plantarum
CGMCC 8198, a novel probiotic strain isolated from fermented herbage. We have determined the complete genome sequence of strain
L. plantarum
CGMCC 8198, which consists of genes that are likely to be involved in dairy fermentation and that have probiotic qualities.
First Full Draft Genome Sequence of
Plasmodium brasilianum
Authors: Talundzic Eldin , Ravishankar Shashidhar , Nayak Vishal , Patel Dhruviben S. , Olsen Christian , Sheth Mili , Batra Dhwani , Loparev Vladimir , Vannberg Fredrik O. , Udhayakumar Venkatachalam , Barnwell John W. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Plasmodium malariae
is a protozoan parasite that can cause human malaria. The simian parasite
Plasmodium brasilianum
infects New World monkeys from Latin America and is morphologically indistinguishable from
P. malariae
. Here, we report the first full draft genome sequence for
P. brasilianum
.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Acetylene-Fermenting Pelobacter acetylenicus Strains
Authors: Sutton John M. , Baesman Shaun M. , Fierst Janna L. , Poret-Peterson Amisha T. , Oremland Ronald S. , Dunlap Darren S. , Akob Denise M. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Acetylene fermentation is a rare metabolism that was serendipitously discovered during C
2
H
2
-block assays of N
2
O reductase. Here, we report the genome sequences of two type strains of acetylene-fermenting
Pelobacter acetylenicus
, the freshwater bacterium DSM 3246 and the estuarine bacterium DSM 3247.
Complete Genome Sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa YC0136, a Plant Growth–Promoting Rhizobacterium Isolated from Tobacco Rhizosphere
Authors: Liu Hu , Liu Kai , Li Yuhuan , Wang Chengqiang , Hou Qihui , Xu Wenfeng , Fan Lingchao , Zhao Jian , Gou Jianyu , Du Binghai , Ding Yanqin 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Paenibacillus polymyxa
strain YC0136 is a plant growth–promoting rhizobacterium with antimicrobial activity, which was isolated from tobacco rhizosphere. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
P. polymyxa
YC0136. Several genes with antifungal and antibacterial activity were discovered.
Mycobacterium kansasii
Authors: Johnston James C. , Chiang Leslie , Elwood Kevin 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe incidence ofMycobacterium kansasiivaries widely over time and by region, but this organism remains one of the most clinically relevant isolated species of nontuberculous mycobacteria. In contrast to other common nontuberculous mycobacteria,M. kansasiiis infrequently isolated from natural water sources or soil. The major reservoir appears to be tap water. Infection is likely acquired through the aerosol route, with low infectivity in regions of endemicity. Human-to-human transmission is thought not to occur. Clinical syndromes and radiological findings ofM. kansasiiinfection are mostly indistinguishable from that ofMycobacterium tuberculosis, thus requiring microbiological confirmation. Disseminated disease is uncommon in HIV-negative patients and usually associated with severe immunosuppression. The majority of patients withM. kansasiipulmonary disease have underlying pulmonary comorbidities, such as smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, and prior or concurrentM. tuberculosisinfection. Surveys in Great Britain, however, noted higher rates, with 8 to 9% ofM. kansasiiinfections presenting with extrapulmonary disease. Common sites of extrapulmonary disease include the lymph nodes, skin, and musculoskeletal and genitourinary systems. The specificity of gamma interferon release assays (IGRAs) forM. tuberculosismay be reduced byM. kansasiiinfection, asM. kansasiiencodes CFP-10 and ESAT-6, two antigens targeted by IGRAs. A study conducted to evaluate the therapy in rifampin-resistant disease found that patients with acquired rifampin resistance were treated with daily high-dose ethambutol, isoniazid, sulfamethoxazole, and pyridoxine combined with aminoglycoside therapy. Given the potential toxicities, particularly with aminoglycoside therapy, clarithromycin and/or moxifloxacin therapy could be considered as alternatives.
Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Lardizabal Alfred A. , Reichman Lee B. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
For 2015, tuberculosis (TB) incidence in the United States has plateaued at 3.0 per 100,000. This remains the lowest case rate since recording started. On the global level, although the TB epidemic is larger than previously estimated, TB deaths and incidence rate continue to fall. For both low and high incidence countries, accelerating the decline in TB incidence towards elimination goals requires that more emphasis be placed on strengthening systems for detection and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) in addition to improving TB care globally. Here, we review the tuberculin skin test and gamma interferon release assays currently available for the detection of LTBI.
Tuberculosis—a World Health Organization Perspective
Authors: Sotgiu Giovanni , Sulis Giorgia , Matteelli Alberto 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has implemented and scaled-up three important global public health strategies (i.e., DOTS, Stop TB, and End TB) to improve the international scenario. Their epidemiological impact was relevant, as they decreased the number of potential new cases of disease and death. However, the emergence and spread of TB/HIV coinfection and multidrug-resistant TB have hindered the progress towards the elimination of TB by 2050. More efforts are required to increase the global annual decline of the TB incidence rate. Political commitment is necessary, with global and national strategies oriented to the adoption and adaptation of the international, evidence-based recommendations on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Research and development activities should be planned to improve the current tools adopted to fight the disease. New rapid diagnostics, an updated and effective therapeutic armamentarium, and an effective preventive vaccine could represent the solution to address the current epidemiological threats.
Commissioning through competition and cooperation in the English NHS under the Health and Social Care Act 2012: evidence from a qualitative study of four clinical commissioning groups
Authors: Allen Pauline , Osipovič Dorota , Shepherd Elizabeth , Coleman Anna , Perkins Neil , Garnett Emma , Williams Lorraine 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveThe Health and Social Care Act 2012 (‘HSCA 2012’) introduced a new, statutory, form of regulation of competition into the National Health Service (NHS), while at the same time recognising that cooperation was necessary. NHS England's policy document, The Five Year Forward View (‘5YFV’) of 2014 placed less emphasis on competition without altering the legislation. We explored how commissioners and providers understand the complex regulatory framework, and how they behave in relation to competition and cooperation.DesignWe carried out detailed case studies in four clinical commissioning groups, using interviews and documentary analysis to explore the commissioners’ and providers’ understanding and experience of competition and cooperation.Setting/participantsWe conducted 42 interviews with senior managers in commissioning organisations and senior managers in NHS and independent provider organisations (acute and community services).ResultsNeither commissioners nor providers fully understand the regulatory regime in respect of competition in the NHS, and have not found that the regulatory authorities have provided adequate guidance. Despite the HSCA 2012 promoting competition, commissioners chose mainly to use collaborative strategies to effect major service reconfigurations, which is endorsed as a suitable approach by providers. Nevertheless, commissioners are using competitive tendering in respect of more peripheral services in order to improve quality of care and value for money.ConclusionsCommissioners regard the use of competition and cooperation as appropriate in the NHS currently, although collaborative strategies appear more helpful in respect of large-scale changes. However, the current regulatory framework contained in the HSCA 2012, particularly since the publication of the 5YFV, is not clear. Better guidance should be issued by the regulatory authorities.
Preventable injury deaths: identifying opportunities to improve timeliness and reach of emergency healthcare services in New Zealand
Authors: Lilley Rebbecca , Kool Bridget , Davie Gabrielle , de Graaf Brandon , Ameratunga Shanthi N , Reid Pararangi , Civil Ian , Dicker Bridget , Branas Charles C 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundTraumatic injury is a leading cause of premature death and health loss in New Zealand. Outcomes following injury are very time sensitive, and timely access of critically injured patients to advanced hospital trauma care services can improve injury survival.ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study will investigate the epidemiology and geographic location of prehospital fatal injury deaths in relation to access to prehospital emergency services for the first time in New Zealand.Design and study populationElectronic Coronial case files for the period 2008–2012 will be reviewed to identify cases of prehospital fatal injury across New Zealand.MethodsThe project will combine epidemiological and geospatial methods in three research phases: (1) identification, enumeration, description and geocoding of prehospital injury deaths using existing electronic injury data sets; (2) geocoding of advanced hospital-level care providers and emergency land and air ambulance services to determine the current theoretical service coverage in a specified time period and (3) synthesising of information from phases I and II using geospatial methods to determine the number of prehospital injury deaths located in areas without timely access to advanced-level hospital care.DiscussionThe findings of this research will identify opportunities to optimise access to advanced-level hospital care in New Zealand to increase the chances of survival from serious injury. The resulting epidemiological and geospatial analyses will represent an advancement of knowledge for injury prevention and health service quality improvement towards better patient outcomes following serious injury in New Zealand and similar countries.
Aligning the flow cytometric evaluation with the diagnostic need: an evidence-based approach
Authors: Williams-Voorbeijtel Dawn , Sanchez Francisco , Roth Christine G 
Published: February 2017

AimsElimination of non-value added testing without compromising high-quality clinical care is an important mandate for laboratories in a value-based reimbursement system. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal combination of flow cytometric markers for a screening approach that balances efficiency and accuracy.MethodsAn audit over 9 months of flow cytometric testing was performed, including rereview of all dot plots from positive cases.ResultsOf the 807 cases in which leukaemia/lymphoma testing was performed, 23 were non-diagnostic and 189 represented bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Of the remaining 595 cases, 137 (23%) were positive for an abnormal haematolymphoid population. Review of the positive cases identified minimum requirements for a screening tube as well as analysis strategies to overcome the diagnostic pitfalls noted. It is estimated that 38% fewer antibodies would be used in a screening approach, representing an opportunity for significant cost savings.ConclusionsWe provide a framework for developing an evidence-based screening combination for cost-effective characterisation of haematolymphoid malignancies, promoting adoption of ‘just-in-time’ testing systems that tailor the evaluation to the diagnostic need.
Random Walk in a N-Cube Without Hamiltonian Cycle to Chaotic Pseudorandom Number Generation: Theoretical and Practical Considerations
Authors: Contassot-Vivier Sylvain , Couchot Jean-François , Guyeux Christophe , Heam Pierre-Cyrille 
Published: February 2017

Designing a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) is a difficult and complex task. Many recent works have considered chaotic functions as the basis of built PRNGs: the quality of the output would indeed be an obvious consequence of some chaos properties. However, there is no direct reasoning that goes from chaotic functions to uniform distribution of the output. Moreover, embedding such kind of functions into a PRNG does not necessarily allow to get a chaotic output, which could be required for simulating some chaotic behaviors. In a previous work, some of the authors have proposed the idea of walking into a [Formula: see text]-cube where a balanced Hamiltonian cycle has been removed as the basis of a chaotic PRNG. In this article, all the difficult issues observed in the previous work have been tackled. The chaotic behavior of the whole PRNG is proven. The construction of the balanced Hamiltonian cycle is theoretically and practically solved. An upper bound of the expected length of the walk to obtain a uniform distribution is calculated. Finally practical experiments show that the generators successfully pass the classical statistical tests.
Impact of a False-Positive Screening Mammogram on Subsequent Screening Behavior and Stage at Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Dabbous Firas M. , Dolecek Therese A. , Berbaum Michael L. , Friedewald Sarah M. , Summerfelt Wm. Thomas , Hoskins Kent , Rauscher Garth H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background: Experiencing a false positive (FP) screening mammogram is economically, physically, and emotionally burdensome, which may affect future screening behavior by delaying the next scheduled mammogram or by avoiding screening altogether. We sought to examine the impact of a FP screening mammogram on the subsequent screening mammography behavior.
Methods: Delay in obtaining subsequent screening was defined as any mammogram performed more than 12 months from index mammogram. The Kaplan–Meier (product limit) estimator and Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate the unadjusted delay and the hazard ratio (HR) of delay of the subsequent screening mammogram within the next 36 months from the index mammogram date.
Results: A total of 650,232 true negative (TN) and 90,918 FP mammograms from 261,767 women were included. The likelihood of a subsequent mammogram was higher in women experiencing a TN result than women experiencing a FP result (85.0% vs. 77.9%, P &lt; 0.001). The median delay in returning to screening was higher for FP versus TN (13 months vs. 3 months, P &lt; 0.001). Women with TN result were 36% more likely to return to screening in the next 36 months compared with women with a FP result HR = 1.36 (95% CI, 1.35–1.37). Experiencing a FP mammogram increases the risk of late stage at diagnosis compared with prior TN mammogram (P &lt; 0.001).
Conclusions: Women with a FP mammogram were more likely to delay their subsequent screening compared with women with a TN mammogram.
Impact: A prior FP experience may subsequently increase the 4-year cumulative risk of late stage at diagnosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(3); 397–403. ©2017 AACR.
Measured Adiposity in Relation to Head and Neck Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: Ward Heather A. , Wark Petra A. , Muller David C. , Steffen Annika , Johansson Mattias , Norat Teresa , Gunter Marc J. , Overvad Kim , Dahm Christina C. , Halkjær Jytte , Tjønneland Anne , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Fagherazzi Guy , Mesrine Sylvie , Brennan Paul , Freisling Heinz , Li Kuanrong , Kaaks Rudolf , Trichopoulou Antonia , Lagiou Pagona , Panico Salavatore , Grioni Sara , Tumino Rosario , Vineis Paolo , Palli Domenico , Peeters Petra H.M. , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Agudo Antonio , Quirós Jose Ramón , Larrañaga Nerea , Ardanaz Eva , Huerta José María , Sánchez María-José , Laurell Göran , Johansson Ingegerd , Westin Ulla , Wallström Peter , Bradbury Kathryn E. , Wareham Nicholas J. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Pearson Clare , Boeing Heiner , Riboli Elio 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence from cohort studies indicates that adiposity is associated with greater incidence of head and neck cancer. However, most studies have used self-reported anthropometry which is prone to error.
Methods: Among 363,094 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (EPIC) with measured anthropometry, there were 837 incident cases of head and neck cancer. Head and neck cancer risk was examined in relation to body mass index (BMI) [lean: &lt;22.5 kg/m2, normal weight (reference): 22.5–24.9 kg/m2, overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2, obese: ≥30 kg/m2], waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results: Among men, a BMI &lt; 22.5 kg/m2 was associated with higher head and neck cancer risk [HR 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23–2.12)]; BMI was not associated with head and neck cancer among women. WC and WHR were associated with greater risk of head and neck cancer among women (WC per 5 cm: HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02–1.15; WHR per 0.1 unit: HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.38–1.93). After stratification by smoking status, the association for WHR was present only among smokers (Pinteraction = 0.004). Among men, WC and WHR were associated with head and neck cancer only upon additional adjustment for BMI (WC per 5 cm: HR 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07–1.26; WHR per 0.1 unit: HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.21–1.65).
Conclusions: Central adiposity, particularly among women, may have a stronger association with head and neck cancer risk than previously estimated.
Impact: Strategies to reduce obesity may beneficially impact head and neck cancer incidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(6); 895–904. ©2017 AACR.
ПОЛІОМІЄЛІТ: НОВІ ВИКЛИКИ НА ШЛЯХУ ДО ЕРАДИКАЦІЇ
Authors: Zadorozhna V. Z. , Tsyganchuk O. M. 
Published: February 2017

Незважаючи на очевидний прогрес у здійсненні Глобальної ініціативи по ліквідації поліомієліту (з 1988 р. кількість випадків поліомієліту скоротилася більш ніж на 99,9 %, припинення циркуляції «диких» поліовірусів типів 1 і 3, зменшилася кількість ендемічних з поліомієліту країн від 125 до 3 і т. д.), ряд невирішених питань залишаються, що перешкоджає досягненню кінцевої мети (тривала циркуляця «дикого» штаму поліовірусу 1 типу, формування вакциноспоріднених вірусів (VDPVs) і пов’язаних з ними ризиків, випадки вакцинасоційованого паралітичного поліомієліту (VAPP), прогалини в програмах імунізації деяких країн). У 2015 р. в Україні був спалах поліомієліту, спричинений циркулюючим вірусом VDPV1 (cVDPV1). Це сталося на тлі зниження планової вакцинації проти поліомієліту (наприклад, в 2014 р. – 44,7 %, за 7 міс. 2015 р. – 17,3 %). Це сприяло накопиченню неімунного прошарку серед дітей і формуванню VDPVs. У відповідь на спалах поліомієліту було проведено три раунди імунізації ОПВ. Проте їх рівні були недостатніми (відповідно 64,4, 71,7 і 80,7 % порівняно з необхідними 95 %). У той же час, результати спостереження показали високу ймовірність припинення циркуляції вірусу VDPV1.