bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal Outcome in Pregnancies Complicated by Isolated Oligohydramnios at
Authors: Umber Aneela 
Published: June 2016

Objective: To determine the perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by isolated oligohydramnios at term. Study Design: Comparative / Cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Unit-III at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from 14-05-2002 to15-06-2003. Patients and Methods: During this study 500 patients with singleton pregnancy were selected and Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) was evaluated within 4 days of delivery in these patients with technique of Phelan et al. All selected outcome variables of these pregnancies were recorded on printed proformas. On the bases of AFI measurements patients were divided in two groups. Those who have AFI > 50 mm and < 50 mm. The significance of difference or comparison of means was measured by Chai square test (by Yats corrections). Perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with oligohydramnios were compared with those with normal amniotic fluid volume. Results: The selected outcomes showed significant variations in both groups. The statistical significance was present between advanced gestational age, presence of meconium, deceleration of fetal heart rate and chances of caesarean delivery. There were increased chances of induction of labor (41% Vs 22%) and caesarean delivery (32% Vs 23%) in oligohydramnios group. Conclusion: Oligohydramnios is associated with an increased risk of caesarean delivery for fetal distress and perinatal morbidity. Key Words: Isolated Oligohydramnios, perinatal outcome.
Correlates of Science Concept Acquisition: Foundations for Better Doctors, Engineers, and Scientists
Authors: Shahed Sarah , Hashmi Madiha Rauf , Hashmi Ali Madeeh 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground: School prepare students for successful professional careers. Evidence indicates that the quality of science education in schools is deteriorating andstudents may not bedeveloping the conceptual understanding of science required for success in later life. This may be one of the causesofdearth of research scientists in the country.Objective: The present study was conducted to study science concept acquisition and related variables in secondary school students in Punjab Province.Method: A survey was conducted involving a purposive sample of 720 male and female students of class 9 in both science and humanities groups in public sector schools in six districts of Punjab covering the centralsouthern and northern region of the province. The Science Concept Acquisition Test and a self constructed questionnaire were used for data collection.Results: The findings of this study revealed that variables like class size, teaching methodology, academic group and city were important in the performance of students in science. The study also yielded gender differences in test scores.Conclusion: It is suggested that the school authorites and all stakeholdersneed to take steps to improve the quality and learning outcome of science education in Pakistan.
Association between Academic Learning Strategies and Annual Examination Results among Medical Students of King Edward Medical University
Authors: Tariq Saira , Khan Muhammad Arif , Afzal Saira , Shahzad Sheikh Raza , Hamza Mohammad , Khan Haania Aimen , Qamar Fatima , Javed Maryam , Ashraf Muhammad Farhan , Mubarak Fareeha , Puri Bushra Iqbal , Masood Taha , Kazim Fatima , Shaukat Tanveer , Shaikh Shafia 
Published: June 2016

Learning style is the composite of cognitive, affective, and physiological characteristics that serve as relatively stable indicators of how a learner perceives, interacts and responds to the learning environment. Felder – Solomon Index of Learning Style (ILS) includes Sensitive/Intuitive, Visual/Verbal and Sequential/ Global, Active/reflective. The learning strategies are a major indicator of exam performance of students.Objective: To find the association between academiclearning strategies and annual examination results among medical students of King Edward Medical University.Study Design: Cross – sectional study design.Study Setting and Duration: King Edward Medical University and 3 months.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among the 3rd, 4th, and 5th year medical students of KEMU Lahore. Informed consent was taken. A total of 300 students, 100 each from 3rd, 4th and 5th year were taken. 132 males (44%) and 168 females (56%) were part of the study. Simple Random sampling (non-pro-bability sampling) was used.Results: The overall dominant learning strategies among students of King Edward Medical University were sensing/SNS (64.3%), visual/VIS (80.7%), sequential/SEQ (63.7%) and Active/ACT (50.3%). Chi squared test for individual learning combinations against achiever types showed no significant association between academic learning strategies and annual exam performance (p value > 0.05). Results also showed that females performed better academically than their male counterparts.
Role of Colour Doppler in Evaluation of Hemodynamic Changes in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection
Authors: Masood Mahjabeen , Dogar Iqbal Hussain , Gautam Mahesh , Rasul Ghulam 
Published: June 2016

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the role of colour flow Doppler ultrasound examination for detection of change in liver hemodynamic in hepatitis C positive chronic liver disease.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Department of Radiology, Mayo Hospital Lahore from 2012 to 2013. Hundred diagnosed case of Hepatitis C by serology were included in this study. Patient were examined for liver and spleen size, texture and presence and absence of ascites before Doppler study. All the data were coded and analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: Mean age of the patient was found to be 45.90 ± 12.71 years. The echotexture of liver was normal in 29 patients (29.0%), coarse with smooth margins in 48 patients (48.0%) and coarse with irregularSMO, Department of Radiology, Children Hospital, Lahoremargins in 23 patients (23.0%). Splenic size was enlarged (≥ 13 cm) in 63.0%. Portal vein diameter was enlarged in (≥ 13 mm) in 53.0%. Severity of ascites shows mild ascites in 24.0%, moderate in 24.0% and severe in 19.0% patients. Portal vein velocity shows abnormality (≥ 24cm/sec) in 63.0%. Hepatic vein waveform in 71.0% of patients was triphasic and non-triphasic in 29.0%.Conclusion: In conclusion alterations of liver hemodynamics resulting from inflammation at the tissue level are detectable in Doppler sonography.
Géographie historique des bastides
Authors: Bernard Gilles 
Published: June 2016

Geografía histórica de las « bastides » (Ciudades fuertes) .
Estudio de la morfología, las funciones y la distribución espacial de las « bastides ». Se plantea primero la cuestión de la definición e identificación de estas formas de habitat concentrado, de origen señorial o real, creadas en los siglos XIII y XIV en el suroeste de Francia. Luego se pone de manifiesto la relación entre la estructura parcelaria y las preocupaciones tributarias de los fundadores. Por fin se examinan las funciones económicas y militares de las « bastides » en su principio y la diferenciación posterior hasta su integración en la red urbana actual del Suroeste, especialmente en el área de influencia de Toulouse.
Un aspect méconnu du patrimoine muséographique lillois : le musée d'ethnographie Alphonse Moillet
Authors: Cadet Xavier 
Published: June 2016

Xavier Cadet, Een miskend museum in Rijsel : het etnografisch museum Alphonse Moillet.
In de schaduw van het rijke museumbezit van Rijsel leidt het etnografisch Moillet een haast slapend bestaan. Het mag dan al een paar stukken van mondiaal belang her- bergen, het publiek kent het niet dan via een paar zeldzame tijdelijke tentoonstellin- gen van het Museum voor natuurhistorie waarvan het afhangt. Alleen in wetenschap- pelijke kring is zijn grote waarde al een eeuw bekend.
Nog minder bekend dan zijn schatten is zijn geschiedenis. Er bestaat terzake wei- nig informatie ; wat er in het archief en de toenmalige pers te vinden is over een bewogen bestaan, wordt in dit artikel beschreven. U vindt er voorts de verschillende inventarissen van het museum, de lijst van de voornaamste schenkers en van de leden van de administratieve commissie. Daarmee wil de auteur het onderzoek over de etnografische verzamelingen te Rijsel een solied hulpmiddel bieden.
Les modérés du Nord entre MRP et RPF. De l'Union des républicains du Nord au Centre départemental des indépendants et paysans (1945-1952)
Authors: Richard Gilles 
Published: June 2016

Gilles Richard, The Nord Moderate between MRP and RPF. From the Union des Républicains du Nord to the Centre Départemental des Indépendants et Paysans.
The Union des Républicains du Nord was born in 1 946 as a reaction against the MRP, the first political force in the department at the time of the Liberation and involved in the tri-partisan policy at the national level. Conforted by the inheritance of the Republican Federation and the support of a large fraction of the local business, the U.N.R. will first get into an alliance with the Gaullist movement to fight better against the marxist parties. As early as 1949, however, the links between the Gaullists and the Moderate get looser. These latter, eager to get into a closer relation with the parties in power to get a better hold on the course of events, choose to join the CNIP for the preparation of the parliamentary elections of June 195 1 . In 1952, the U.N.R. transformed itself into the Centre Départemental des Indépendants et Paysans and supported the «Pinay experiment».
La loi du 20 août 2008 et les fondements de la représentation syndicale
Authors: Hege Adelheid , Dufour Christian , Kahmann Marcus 
Published: June 2016

Comment la loi de 2008 sur la représentativité syndicale intervient-elle dans l’activité des représentants salariés en entreprises ? Une enquête sociologique menée cinq ans après l’introduction de la loi montre qu’elle a accéléré la disparition de délégués mal implantés. Mais elle n’a pas consolidé les délégués restants. Ces derniers intègrent l’élimination des plus faibles dans l’histoire longue de la perte d’influence du syndicalisme. Les lieux de négociation se centralisent loin des zones d’influence des délégués élus. La performance négociatrice des délégués syndicaux centraux est peu lisible localement. Les délégués locaux, comme les responsables des ressources humaines, considèrent avec scepticisme la pérennité des équipes de représentants. L’institutionnalisation par la loi ne remplace pas la dynamique syndicale, pour susciter des vocations représentatives ou pour refonder la représentativité syndicale.
Transmission des valeurs à La Réunion sur trois générations d’hommes ou de femmes, catholiques ou hindoues
Authors: Pithon Gérard , Ponin Randjani 
Published: June 2016

L’île de La Réunion est un lieu propice pour étudier la transmission des valeurs de générations en générations au sein de cultures différentes. 114 personnes (catholiques ou hindoues), soit 38 triades unisexuées masculines ou féminines (adolescents, parents et grands-parents), ont renseigné le Questionnaire des Valeurs par Portraits de Schwartz (1992) portant sur dix valeurs fondamentales. Cette typologie constitue un système qui peut évoluer selon le temps et les groupes considérés. Il est relativement stable concernant le groupe de catholiques de l’échantillon étudié. Celui des hindous connaît une rupture : grands-parents et parents semblent préférer les valeurs collectives de continuité (tradition, conformité) tandis que les adolescents sont plus attirés par les valeurs individuelles d’ouverture au changement (hédonisme, autonomie). Une logique d’assimilation pourrait caractériser le système de valeurs des adolescents hindous, qui se rapproche de celui des catholiques, communauté la plus ancienne et nombreuse sur l’île.
Regulatory T Cell–Dependent and –Independent Mechanisms of Immune Suppression by CD28/B7 and CD40/CD40L Costimulation Blockade
Authors: Vogel Isabel , Verbinnen Bert , Van Gool Stefaan , Ceuppens Jan L. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Blocking of costimulatory CD28/B7 and CD40/CD40L interactions is an experimental approach to immune suppression and tolerance induction. We previously reported that administration of a combination of CTLA-4Ig and MR1 (anti-CD40L mAb) for blockade of these interactions induces tolerance in a fully mismatched allogeneic splenocyte transfer model in mice. We now used this model to study whether regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to immune suppression and why both pathways have to be blocked simultaneously. Mice were injected with allogeneic splenocytes, CD4+ T cells, or CD8+ T cells and treated with MR1 mAb and different doses of CTLA-4Ig. The graft-versus-host reaction of CD4+ T cells, but not of CD8+ T cells, was inhibited by MR1. CTLA-4Ig was needed to cover CD8+ T cells but had only a weak effect on CD4+ T cells. Consequently, only the combination provided full protection when splenocytes were transferred. Importantly, MR1 and low-dose CTLA-4Ig treatment resulted in a relative increase in Tregs, and immune suppressive efficacy was abolished in the absence of Tregs. High-dose CTLA-4Ig treatment, in contrast, prevented Treg expansion and activity, and in combination with MR1 completely inhibited CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation in a Treg-independent manner. In conclusion, MR1 and CTLA-4Ig act synergistically as they target different T cell populations. The contribution of Tregs to immune suppression by costimulation blockade depends on the concentration of CTLA-4Ig and thus on the degree of available CD28 costimulation.
Hepatitis B Virus and DNA Stimulation Trigger a Rapid Innate Immune Response through NF-κB
Authors: Yoneda Masato , Hyun Jinhee , Jakubski Silvia , Saito Satoru , Nakajima Atsushi , Schiff Eugene R. , Thomas Emmanuel 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Cell-intrinsic innate immunity provides a rapid first line of defense to thwart invading viral pathogens through the production of antiviral and inflammatory genes. However, the presence of many of these signaling pathways in the liver and their role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) pathogenesis is unknown. Recent identification of intracellular DNA-sensing pathways and involvement in numerous diverse disease processes including viral pathogenesis and carcinogenesis suggest a role for these processes in HBV infection. To characterize HBV-intrinsic innate immune responses and the role of DNA- and RNA-sensing pathways in the liver, we used in vivo and in vitro models including analysis of gene expression in liver biopsies from HBV-infected patients. In addition, mRNA and protein expression were measured in HBV-stimulated and DNA-treated hepatoma cell lines and primary human hepatocytes. In this article, we report that HBV and foreign DNA stimulation results in innate immune responses characterized by the production of inflammatory chemokines in hepatocytes. Analysis of liver biopsies from HBV-infected patients supported a correlation among hepatic expression of specific chemokines. In addition, HBV elicits a much broader range of gene expression alterations. The induction of chemokines, including CXCL10, is mediated by melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 and NF-κB–dependent pathways after HBV stimulation. In conclusion, HBV-stimulated pathways predominantly activate an inflammatory response that would promote the development of hepatitis. Understanding the mechanism underlying these virus–host interactions may provide new strategies to trigger noncytopathic clearance of covalently closed circular DNA to ultimately cure patients with HBV infection.
Ghosts and Strong Ghosts in the Stable Category
Authors: Carlson Jon F. , Chebolu Sunil K. , Mináč Ján 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSuppose that G is a finite group and k is a field of characteristic p > 0. A ghost map is a map in the stable category of finitely generated kG-modules which induces the zero map in Tate cohomology in all degrees. In an earlier paper we showed that the thick subcategory generated by the trivial module has no nonzero ghost maps if and only if the Sylow p-subgroup of G is cyclic of order 2 or 3. In this paper we introduce and study variations of ghost maps. In particular, we consider the behavior of ghost maps under restriction and induction functors. We find all groups satisfying a strong form of Freyd’s generating hypothesis and show that ghosts can be detected on a finite range of degrees of Tate cohomology. We also consider maps that mimic ghosts in high degrees.
The Single-Case Reporting Guideline In BEhavioural Interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 Statement
Authors: Tate Robyn L. , Perdices Michael , Rosenkoetter Ulrike , Shadish William , Vohra Sunita , Barlow David H. , Horner Robert , Kazdin Alan , Kratochwill Thomas , McDonald Skye , Sampson Margaret , Shamseer Larissa , Togher Leanne , Albin Richard , Backman Catherine , Douglas Jacinta , Evans Jonathan J. , Gast David , Manolov Rumen , Mitchell Geoffrey , Nickels Lyndsey , Nikles Jane , Ownsworth Tamara , Rose Miranda , Schmid Christopher H. , Wilson Barbara 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Reporting guidelines, such as the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement, improve the reporting of research in the medical literature (Turner et al., 2012). Many such guidelines exist, and the CONSORT Extension to Nonpharmacological Trials (Boutron et al., 2008) provides suitable guidance for reporting between-groups intervention studies in the behavioral sciences. The CONSORT Extension for N-of-1 Trials (CENT 2015) was developed for multiple crossover trials with single individuals in the medical sciences (Shamseer et al., 2015; Vohra et al., 2015), but there is no reporting guideline in the CONSORT tradition for single-case research used in the behavioral sciences. We developed the Single-Case Reporting guideline In Behavioral interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 to meet this need. This Statement article describes the methodology of the development of the SCRIBE 2016, along with the outcome of 2 Delphi surveys and a consensus meeting of experts. We present the resulting 26-item SCRIBE 2016 checklist. The article complements the more detailed SCRIBE 2016 Explanation and Elaboration article (Tate et al., 2016) that provides a rationale for each of the items and examples of adequate reporting from the literature. Both these resources will assist authors to prepare reports of single-case research with clarity, completeness, accuracy, and transparency. They will also provide journal reviewers and editors with a practical checklist against which such reports may be critically evaluated.
Capitais políticos e familiares dos fundadores da ARENA e do MDB no Paraná
Authors: Granato Natália Cristina 
Published: June 2016

O presente trabalho procura discutir quais são os capitais políticos e familiares dos fundadores da Aliança Renovadora Nacional (ARENA) e do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (MDB) no estado do Paraná. Esses dois partidos foram criados após a edição do Ato Institucional n°2 (AI-2), que proibiu o funcionamento de todos os partidos políticos brasileiros. Artificialmente criados, a ARENA era o partido de linha “governista” e o MDB reunia os políticos da linha “oposicionista”. Procurando refletir sobre o perfil dos fundadores desses dois partidos, buscando informações como dados biográficos, cargos políticos ocupados, filiações partidárias anteriores e conexões de parentescos com os membros da política paranaense, estabeleceremos conexões entre tais dados com algumas das contribuições teóricas de Pierre Bourdieu acerca das suas análises sobre o campo político. Discutiremos qual foi o espaço ocupado por esses agentes políticos no contexto de autoritarismo institucionalizado verificável na sociedade brasileira no contexto do golpe de 1964.
A raiz do poder em Ibirité
Authors: Silva Jurutan Alves da 
Published: June 2016

Este artigo é resultado da pesquisa nas ações políticas que ocorrem nos munícipes brasileiros tendo como objeto de estudo o município de Ibirité em Minas Gerais. O objetivo foi estudar a relação política presente nas instituições de poder representativos municipais, executivo e legislativo, e suas relações com os eleitores nessa região. Possuindo como foco o familismo e outras ações como: o clientelismo e o mandonismo presentes nas ações políticas no município. Fez-se uma pesquisa documental junto com entrevistas para que pudesse chegar ao resultado final da pesquisa. Com o objetivo de conhecer como uma família, a família Pinheiro, realiza ações políticas para manter o status quo municipal inalterado e membros da família no poder político. A pesquisa documental torna-se necessária para conhecer como as instituições relacionam formalmente entre si e as entrevistas para compreender como ocorrem as informalidades nessas relações. O objetivo específico foi compreender como as relações de clientelismo e mandonismo apresentam entre as instituições de poder político municipal e suas correlações com os eleitores. Os resultados confirmam que há uma relação clientelista e de mandonismo entre o grupo familiar pesquisado nas suas ações com os eleitores municipais e com a Câmara Municipal.
PASTORAL COLETIVA DO EPISCOPADO BRASILEIRO – 1915: HÁ CEM ANOS A CONSTRUÇÃO DE UMA IGREJA
Authors: Marchi Euclides 
Published: June 2016

Em 17 de janeiro de 1915, o episcopado das Províncias Eclesiásticas Meridionais comunicava ao clero e fieis “o resultado das Conferências Episcopaes realisadas na cidade de Nova Friburgo de 12 a 17 de Janeiro de 1915”. O documento completo continha, além das atividades das próprias conferências, a Pastoral Coletiva e as Constituições Diocesanas das Províncias Eclesiásticas Meridionais do Brasil. A análise desta documentação aponta para o esforço na direção da construção da Igreja Católica Romana no Brasil, após a separação do Estado. Observa-se ainda que as Constituições Diocesanas representam, especialmente, o desencadear de uma caminhada livre e autônoma. Também constata-se que o discurso episcopal aposto nestes documentos revela que as autoridades eclesiásticas, após várias conferências, consolidavam suas opções em prol da europeização e da reformulação dos costumes do clero, dos fieis, dos rituais e das práticas do catolicismo. Estas práticas, agora normatizadas nas Constituições, deveriam ser adotadas por todas as unidades da Igreja; isto é, dioceses, paróquias, seminários, ordens, congregações religiosas e associações leigas. Além disso, os bispos reafirmavam que eles se constituíam na autoridade máxima em suas dioceses e a eles todos deveriam obediência, inclusive as ordens e congregações religiosas. Finalmente, ao se analisar esta documentação, conclui-se que a aliança entre a Igreja Católica Romana e o Estado brasileiro além de perversa, ambos somaram prejuízos e, por longo tempo sofreram para suprimir a herança que dela restou, se é que já foi totalmente suprimida.Palavras-Chave: Igreja Católica Romana, episcopado, análise do discurso, catolicismo no Brasil.