bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2015 Indian summer monsoon onset – phenomena, forecasting and research flight planning
Authors: Willetts Peter D. , Turner Andrew G. , Martin Gill M. , Mrudula G. , Hunt Kieran M. R. , Parker Douglas J. , Taylor Christopher M. , Birch Cathryn E. , Mitra Ashis K. , Heming Julian T. , Brooks Malcolm E. 
Published: June 2017

From May to July 2016, as part of the INCOMPASS project, the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM, jointly funded by the Met Office and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)) BAe‐146 research aircraft travelled to India to record key aspects of the Indian summer monsoon onset and evolution. As part of the planning for the campaign, partners in the UK and India took part in a ‘dry‐run’ forecasting exercise during 2015, to assess the reliability of the forecast products and develop a set of flight plans, in advance of the real campaign, and to get a real‐time feel for the monsoon onset.The 5‐day forecasts from the Met Office and the Indian National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) showed good skill in terms of predicting the advance of rainfall in regions key for the campaign in north and south India, and captured transitions from active (wet) monsoon conditions to break (dry) periods and back again.Key phenomena seen during the dry‐run exercise include (1) a ‘western disturbance’, which had a major effect on the extreme pre‐monsoon heatwave conditions over India, (2) dry intrusions, which are thought to be important in the progression of the monsoon onset against the synoptic flow, and (3) cyclones Ashobaa and Komen.
From a ‘Care-Free’ Distance: Sons Talking About Cultural Concepts
Authors: Zimmermann Martina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe usually less actively involved male family member has what I call a ‘care-free’ perspective. In analysing narratives by sons, this chapter seeks to detach the influence on illness and patient presentation of the immediate caregiving experience and burden. Less interested in identifying what it means to be the son or husband of a patient as such, this chapter specifically illustrates the enormous psychological and emotional cost of caring for a parent who is no longer a parent. In this way, it illuminates the impact of cultural and socio-educational upbringing (rather than daily caregiving) on the perception of patient identity and the condition itself. It argues that identity-affirming patient presentation is strongly gendered and closely related to societal attitudes to aging.
Local neighborhood communities in the understory play a critical role by affecting regeneration niches and subsequent community assembly in a montane cloud forest
Authors: Weng Chi‐Yu , Yang Kuoh‐Cheng , Hsieh Chang‐Fu , Hsieh Chih‐hao , Su Mong‐Huai 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRegeneration niches for tree seedlings are defined as possessing the biotic and abiotic requirements to successfully replace adults. However, two critical discrepancies obscure our understanding of the role of regeneration niches in forest community assembly: a weak association between seedling assemblages and environmental factors, and an uncoupling between seedling and adult‐tree assemblages. However, understory plants, which may interact with microenvironments and seedlings, may be a better spatial descriptor of regeneration habitats. To test this, the spatial variations of seedling assemblages in a montane cloud forest of Taiwan were analyzed in terms of their association with neighborhood assemblages of understory plants, the shrub layer, and overstory trees, as well as environmental variables. We found that the understory plant spatial structure contributed most in explaining spatial variations of the seedling assemblages (especially for widespread Lauraceae and patchy Fagaceae) and facilitated the identification of patches of different regeneration habitats for specific seedling assemblages. Moreover, among these regeneration patches, tall herbs affected seedling density and diversity differently. We found segregation between tall herbs and Lauraceae seedlings, indicating that tall herbs shape seedling assemblages and uncouple the association between seedling and adult stages. However, positive covariations between seedlings/tall herbs and between seedlings/adults were found for Fagaceae and Pentaphylacaceae in different regeneration patches, suggesting that positive, neighboring effects and dispersal limitation may cause the patchy distribution of seedling assemblages and affect their coupling with adults. Thus, the understory plant spatial structure shapes seedling assemblages and provides a better link to spatial associations with regeneration habitats.
Determination of Critical Micelle Concentration of Surfactants by Headspace Gas Chromatography
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Xin , Chai Xin‐Sheng , Barnes Donald G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a new method for the determination of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants in water at elevated temperatures using headspace gas chromatography (HS‐GC). A volatile compound (e.g., toluene) was spiked into the studied solution. At a given temperature, the concentration of volatile species in the vapor phase (measured by HS‐GC) is proportional to the surfactant concentration in the liquid phase in a closed vial. This tendency will change after the solution is saturated with surfactant. By plotting the GC signal of the vapor species vs the concentration of the surfactant concentration in the solution, a breakpoint, i.e., corresponding to the CMC of the surfactant. The present method has good precision (RSD < 10%) and good accuracy. It is also very simple and can be used as an automated method for determining the critical micelle concentration of surfactants at the temperature of interest.
Metabolite analysis of endophytic fungi from cultivars of Zingiber officinale Rosc. identifies myriad of bioactive compounds including tyrosol
Authors: Anisha C. , Radhakrishnan E. K. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Endophytic fungi associated with rhizomes of four cultivars of Zingiber officinale were identified by molecular and morphological methods and evaluated for their activity against soft rot pathogen Pythium myriotylum and clinical pathogens. The volatile bioactive metabolites produced by these isolates were identified by GC–MS analysis of the fungal crude extracts. Understanding of the metabolites produced by endophytes is also important in the context of raw consumption of ginger as medicine and spice. A total of fifteen isolates were identified from the four varieties studied. The various genera identified were Acremonium sp., Gliocladiopsis sp., Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Aspergillus sp., Phlebia sp., Earliella sp., and Pseudolagarobasidium sp. The endophytic community was unique to each variety, which could be due to the varying host genotype. Fungi from phylum Basidiomycota were identified for the first time from ginger. Seven isolates showed activity against Pythium, while only two showed antibacterial activity. The bioactive metabolites identified in the fungal crude extracts include tyrosol, benzene acetic acid, ergone, dehydromevalonic lactone, N-aminopyrrolidine, and many bioactive fatty acids and their derivatives which included linoleic acid, oleic acid, myristic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, palmitic acid methyl ester, and methyl linoleate. The presence of these varying bioactive endophytic fungi may be one of the reasons for the differences in the performance of the different ginger varieties.
A modified protocol yields high-quality RNA from highly mucilaginous Dioscorea tubers
Authors: Barman Paramananda , Choudhary Ashish Kumar , Geeta R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Extraction of RNA from Dioscorea is difficult because of rich mucilage and secondary metabolite content. High-quality RNA is required for RT-PCR and transcriptome analysis. Different protocols and common extraction kits were used for RNA extraction in Dioscorea, but the results were not satisfactory. A CTAB based protocol with lithium chloride precipitation yielded good quality RNA. The RNA isolated using this protocol was successfully used for RT-PCR and transcriptome sequencing experiments. Mucilage content varies at different developmental stages of Dioscorea and the present protocol was effective in isolating RNA from such samples. Although the protocol was originally modified for tuber tissues, it can be used also for extraction of RNA from rhizome, root, shoot and leaf.
Shift in microbial group during remediation by enhanced natural attenuation (RENA) of a crude oil-impacted soil: a case study of Ikarama Community, Bayelsa, Nigeria
Authors: Chikere Chioma Blaise , Azubuike Christopher Chibueze , Fubara Evan Miebaka 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Acute and chronic pollution of environments with crude oil does not bode well for biota living within the vicinity of polluted environments. This is due to environmental and public health concerns on the negative impact of crude oil pollution on living organisms. Enhancing microbial activities by adding nutrients and other amendments had proved effective in pollutant removal during bioremediation. This study was carried out to determine how microbial group respond during remediation by enhanced natural attenuation (RENA) during a field-scale bioremediation. Crude oil-polluted soil samples were collected (before, during, and after remediation) from a site undergoing remediation by enhanced natural attenuation (RENA) at Ikarama Community, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, and were analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and a shift in microbial community. The gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) results showed that the pollutant concentrations (TPH and PAH) reduced by 98 and 85%, respectively, after the remediation. Culturable hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (CHUB) was highest (8.3 × 104 cfu/g) for sample collected during the remediation studies, whilst sample collected after remediation had low CHUB (6.1 × 104 cfu/g) compared to that collected before remediation (7.7 × 104 cfu/g). Analysis of 16S rRNA of the isolated CHUB showed they belonged to eight bacterial genera namely: Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, Azospirillus, Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, Ochrobactrum, Proteus, and Pusillimonas, with Alcaligenes as the dominant genus. In this study, it was observed that the bacterial community shifted from mixed group (Gram-positive and -negative) before and during the remediation, to only the latter group after the remediation studies. The betaproteobacteria groups were the dominant isolated bacterial phylotype. This study showed that RENA is an effective method of reducing pollutant concentration in crude oil-polluted sites, and could be applied to other polluted sites in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria to mitigate the devastating effects of crude oil pollution.
Dysfunctional metacognition across psychopathologies: A meta-analytic review
Authors: Sun X. , Zhu C. , So S.H.W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground:Dysfunctions in metacognition have been reported in individuals with anxiety disorders. Although recent studies have examined metacognition in other disorders, how dysfunctional metacognition compares across disorders is not clear. This review aimed to ascertain the importance of dysfunctional metacognition in various psychopathologies, and to identify similarities and differences in metacognitive profiles across disorders.Methods:Forty-seven studies were selected from 586 articles published between 1990 and August 2015, including a total sample of 3772 patients and 3376 healthy individuals. Studies that measured metacognition using the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire (MCQ) and its variants were included. We conducted five meta-analyses including 49 to 55 effect sizes, comparing psychiatric patients to healthy individuals on respective metacognitive dimensions of the MCQ.Results:We found elevated metacognitive dysfunctions in patients, as a group, on all MCQ dimensions. Group effects were large and robust for the two negative beliefs (i.e., beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of thoughts, and beliefs about the need to control thoughts), and moderate and unstable for the positive beliefs. Patients showed decreased cognitive confidence and heightened cognitive self-consciousness on moderate to large levels. Moderator analyses revealed that negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger of thoughts were most prevalent in generalized anxiety disorder, whereas heightened cognitive self-consciousness was more characteristic in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders manifested more similar metacognitive profiles than other disorders.Conclusions:Our findings supported dysfunctional metacognition as common processes across psychopathologies, with certain dimensions being more prevalent in particular disorders.
Primate-Specific Long Non-Coding RNAs and MicroRNAs
Authors: Awan Hassaan Mehboob , Shah Abdullah , Rashid Farooq , Shan Ge 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression in essentially all life forms. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are two important RNA classes possessing regulatory functions. Up to date, many primate-specific ncRNAs have been identified and investigated. Their expression specificity to primate lineage suggests primate-specific roles. It is thus critical to elucidate the biological significance of primate or even human-specific ncRNAs, and to develop potential ncRNA-based therapeutics. Here, we have summarized the studies regarding regulatory roles of some key primate-specific lncRNAs and miRNAs.
Association of amine biomarkers with incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Framingham Study
Authors: Chouraki Vincent , Preis Sarah R. , Yang Qiong , Beiser Alexa , Li Shuo , Larson Martin G. , Weinstein Galit , Wang Thomas J. , Gerszten Robert E. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe identification of novel biomarkers associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) could provide key biological insights and permit targeted preclinical prevention. We investigated circulating metabolites associated with incident dementia and AD using metabolomics.MethodsPlasma levels of 217 metabolites were assessed in 2067 dementia‐free Framingham Offspring Cohort participants (mean age = 55.9 ± 9.7 years; 52.4% women). We studied their associations with future dementia and AD risk in multivariate Cox models.ResultsNinety‐three participants developed incident dementia (mean follow‐up = 15.6 ± 5.2 years). Higher plasma anthranilic acid levels were associated with greater risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.15–1.70]; P = 8.08 × 10−4). Glutamic acid (HR = 1.38; 95% CI = [1.11–1.72]), taurine (HR = 0.74; 95% CI = [0.60–0.92]), and hypoxanthine (HR = 0.74; 95% CI = [0.60–0.92]) levels also showed suggestive associations with dementia risk.DiscussionWe identified four biologically plausible, candidate plasma biomarkers for dementia. Association of anthranilic acid implicates the kynurenine pathway, which modulates glutamate excitotoxicity. The associations with hypoxanthine and taurine strengthen evidence that uric acid and taurine may be neuroprotective.
Immediate and Short‐Term Effects of Kinesio Taping Tightness in Mechanical Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Velasco‐Roldán Olga , Riquelme Inmaculada , Ferragut‐Garcías Alejandro , Heredia‐Rizo Alberto Marcos , Rodríguez‐Blanco Cleofás , Oliva‐Pascual‐Vaca Ángel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is controversy regarding the best technique for applying Kinesio Taping (KT), and the theory supporting that skin convolutions may explain its efficacy has recently been challenged.ObjectiveTo compare the immediate and short‐term effectiveness of KT tightness on mechanosensitivity and spinal mobility in nonspecific low back pain (LBP), and to observe the influence of gender in the outcome measures.DesignDouble‐blind, randomized, controlled trial.SettingUniversity‐based clinical research center.ParticipantsA total of 75 individuals with a mean age of 33 years (±7.4 years), 60% female and 40% male, with nonspecific LBP were recruited and randomly assigned to 1 of the following study groups: standard KT tension (n = 26), increased KT tension (n = 25), and no KT tension (n = 24).InterventionsAll participants received a two I‐strip taping over the paravertebral muscles for 24 hours. Paper‐off tension (15%‐25% of the available stretch) was used in the standard KT group, which was increased to 40% in the increased KT tension group. The rest of participants received a taping procedure with no KT tension. Measurements were taken at baseline, immediately after the taping, 24 hours after the taping, and after KT removal.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome included pressure pain thresholds over the erector spinae and gluteus medius muscles. The secondary outcome was lumbar mobility (assessed with a digital inclinometer, and back‐saver sit‐and‐reach, finger‐to‐floor, and sit‐and‐reach tests).ResultsIn the between‐groups analysis of the mean score changes after baseline assessment, no significant differences were found for any of the outcome measures (P > .05) except the left back‐saver sit‐and‐reach test (P = .03). A statistically significant interaction group × gender × time was observed only for mechanosensitivity values (P = .02 for the gluteus and P = .01 for the erector spinae).ConclusionKT tightness does not seem to influence pain sensitivity and lumbar mobility in chronic LBP in either the immediate or short term.Level of EvidenceII
Reflection of Holocene climatic changes in mineralogy of bottom sediments from Yarkovsky Pool of Lake Chany (southern West Siberia)
Authors: Zhdanova A.N. , Solotchina E.P. , Solotchin P.A. , Krivonogov S.K. , Danilenko I.V. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Sediments of lakes located in closed basins in inland areas are an excellent archive of environmental and climatic changes. One of such archives is the Chany lake system located in the Baraba steppe of southern West Siberia and comprising three associated lakes: Bol’shie Chany, Malye Chany, and Yarkul’, connected by watercourses. We present the first data on the mineral composition of the Holocene sediments of Yarkovsky Pool of Lake Bol’shie Chany with predominantly carbonate sedimentation. The sediments were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, 18O and 13C stable-isotope geochemistry, laser granulometry, elemental analysis, and radioisotope dating. Mathematical modeling of complex XRD profiles of carbonate minerals in the sediments has revealed Mg-calcites with different Mg contents, excess-Ca dolomites, and aragonite. The obtained carbonate record gives an insight into the stratigraphic distribution of chemogenic carbonates, in which the number and proportion of phases are determined by the Mg/Ca ratio, salinity, and total alkalinity of the lake water. The phase proportions change depending on climatic cycles and lake level fluctuations. Comparison of the carbonate record with the lithologic data, δ18O and δ13C values, and distribution of some geochemical indicators of sedimentary environments showed several stages of evolution of Yarkovsky Pool related to Holocene regional climatic changes.
Scale effects on conventional and intercooled turbofan engine performance
Authors: Rolt Andrew , Sethi Vishal , Jacob Florian , Sebastiampillai Joshua , Xisto Carlos , Grönstedt Tomas , Raffaelli Lorenzo 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTNew commercial aero engines for 2050 are expected to have lower specific thrusts for reduced noise and improved propulsive efficiency, but meeting the ACARE Flightpath 2050 fuel-burn and emissions targets will also need radical design changes to improve core thermal efficiency. Intercooling, recuperation, inter-turbine combustion and added topping and bottoming cycles all have the potential to improve thermal efficiency. However, these new technologies tend to increase core specific power and reduce core mass flow, giving smaller and less efficient core components. Turbine cooling also gets more difficult as engine cores get smaller. The core-size-dependent performance penalties will become increasingly significant with the development of more aerodynamically efficient and lighter-weight aircraft having lower thrust requirements. In this study the effects of engine thrust and core size on performance are investigated for conventional and intercooled aeroengine cycles. Large intercooled engines could have 3%–4% SFC improvement relative to conventional cycle engines, while smaller engines may only realize half of this benefit. The study provides a foundation for investigations of more complex cycles in the EU Horizon 2020 ULTIMATE programme.
The effect of finite-conductivity Hartmann walls on the linear stability of Hunt’s flow
Authors: Arlt Thomas , Priede Jānis , Bühler Leo 
Published: June 2017

We analyse numerically the linear stability of fully developed liquid metal flow in a square duct with insulating side walls and thin, electrically conducting horizontal walls. The wall conductance ratio $c$ is in the range of 0.01 to 1 and the duct is subject to a vertical magnetic field with Hartmann numbers up to $\mathit{Ha}=10^{4}$. In a sufficiently strong magnetic field, the flow consists of two jets at the side walls and a near-stagnant core with relative velocity ${\sim}(c\mathit{Ha})^{-1}$. We find that for $\mathit{Ha}\gtrsim 300,$ the effect of wall conductivity on the stability of the flow is mainly determined by the effective Hartmann wall conductance ratio $c\mathit{Ha}.$ For $c\ll 1$, the increase of the magnetic field or that of the wall conductivity has a destabilizing effect on the flow. Maximal destabilization of the flow occurs at $\mathit{Ha}\approx 30/c$. In a stronger magnetic field with $c\mathit{Ha}\gtrsim 30$, the destabilizing effect vanishes and the asymptotic results of Priede et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 649, 2010, pp. 115–134) for ideal Hunt’s flow with perfectly conducting Hartmann walls are recovered.
Evolution of the Asian summer monsoon during Dansgaard/Oeschger events 13–17 recorded in a stalagmite constrained by high-precision chronology from southwest China
Authors: Li Ting-Yong , Han Li-Yin , Cheng Hai , Edwards R. Lawrence , Shen Chuan-Chou , Li Hong-Chun , Li Jun-Yun , Huang Chun-Xia , Zhang Tao-Tao , Zhao Xin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA stalagmite with high 238U content from Yangkou Cave, China, revealed the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) between 49.1 and 59.5 ka, and the δ18O values recorded Dansgaard/Oeschger (D/O) events 13–17. The Yangkou record shows a relatively gradual transition into the D/O 14 and 16 events. The discrepancy between the abrupt and gradual transitions of D/O 14 in the records from northern and southern China, respectively, suggests different responses of the ASM to climate changes in the high northern latitudes. The higher resolution δ18O record and more precise 230Th dating indicate that the timing of D/O 14 and 17 in the Hulu records at 53 and 58 ka should be shifted to 54.3 and 59 ka, respectively. The gradual strengthening of the ASM at the onsets of D/O 16 and 14 in our record is different from the abrupt temperature rise in the northern high latitudes. Some other factors must contribute to this relatively gradual ASM change in southern China, but the actual reason is still unknown.