bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnifying narrow-band imaging of gastric mucosal morphology predicts the H. pylori-related epigenetic field defect
Authors: Tahara Tomomitsu , Yamazaki Jumpei , Tahara Sayumi , Okubo Masaaki , Kawamura Tomohiko , Horiguchi Noriyuki , Ishizuka Takamitsu , Nagasaka Mitsuo , Nakagawa Yoshihito , Shibata Tomoyuki , Kuroda Makoto , Ohmiya Naoki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDNA methylation is associated with “field defect” in the gastric mucosa. To characterize “field defect” morphologically, we examined DNA methylation of non-neoplastic gastric mucosa in relation to their morphology seen by narrow-band imaging (NBI) with magnifying endoscopy. Magnifying NBI of non-neoplastic gastric body was classified as follows: normal—small and round pits with uniform subepithelial capillary networks; type 1—a little enlarged round pits with indistinct subepithelial capillary networks; type 2—remarkably enlarged pits with irregular vessels; and type 3—clearly demarcated oval or tubulovillous pits with bulky coiled or wavy vessels. Methylation of nine candidate genes (MYOD1, SLC16A12, GDNF, IGF2, MIR 124A1, CDH1, PRDM5, RORA and MLF1) were determined by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Infinium HumanMethylation450 array was used to characterize the methylation of >450,000 CpG sites. Mean Z score methylation of nine genes positively correlated with the changes of mucosal patterns from normal to types 1, 2, and 3 (P < 0.0001). Genome-wide analysis showed that development of mucosal patterns correlated with methylation accumulation especially at CpG islands. Genes with promoter CpG islands that were gradually methylated with the development of mucosal patterns significantly enriched the genes involved in zinc-related pathways. The results indicates that gastric mucosal morphology predicts a “field defect” in this tissue type. Accumulation of DNA methylation is associated with “field defect” in the non-neoplastic gastric mucosa. Endoscopic identification of “field defect” has important implications for preventing gastric cancer. Our results suggest that magnifying NBI of gastric mucosal morphology predicts a “field defect” in the gastric mucosa.
The electromigration effect revisited: non-uniform local tensile stress-driven diffusion
Authors: Lin Shih-kang , Liu Yu-chen , Chiu Shang-Jui , Liu Yen-Ting , Lee Hsin-Yi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe electromigration (EM) effect involves atomic diffusion of metals under current stressing. Recent theories of EM are based on the unbalanced electrostatic and electron-wind forces exerted on metal ions. However, none of these models have coupled the EM effect and lattice stability. Here, we performed in situ current-stressing experiments for pure Cu strips using synchrotron X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy and ab initio calculations based on density functional theory. An intrinsic and non-uniform lattice expansion – larger at the cathode and smaller at the anode, is identified induced by the flow of electrons. If this electron flow-induced strain is small, it causes an elastic deformation; while if it is larger than the yield point, diffusion as local stress relaxation will cause the formation of hillocks and voids as well as EM-induced failure. The fundamental driving force for the electromigration effect is elucidated and validated with experiments.
Soil nematodes show a mid-elevation diversity maximum and elevational zonation on Mt. Norikura, Japan
Authors: Dong Ke , Moroenyane Itumeleng , Tripathi Binu , Kerfahi Dorsaf , Takahashi Koichi , Yamamoto Naomichi , An Choa , Cho Hyunjun , Adams Jonathan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLittle is known about how nematode ecology differs across elevational gradients. We investigated the soil nematode community along a ~2,200 m elevational range on Mt. Norikura, Japan, by sequencing the 18S rRNA gene. As with many other groups of organisms, nematode diversity showed a high correlation with elevation, and a maximum in mid-elevations. While elevation itself, in the context of the mid domain effect, could predict the observed unimodal pattern of soil nematode communities along the elevational gradient, mean annual temperature and soil total nitrogen concentration were the best predictors of diversity. We also found nematode community composition showed strong elevational zonation, indicating that a high degree of ecological specialization that may exist in nematodes in relation to elevation-related environmental gradients and certain nematode OTUs had ranges extending across all elevations, and these generalized OTUs made up a greater proportion of the community at high elevations – such that high elevation nematode OTUs had broader elevational ranges on average, providing an example consistent to Rapoport’s elevational hypothesis. This study reveals the potential for using sequencing methods to investigate elevational gradients of small soil organisms, providing a method for rapid investigation of patterns without specialized knowledge in taxonomic identification.
Correction of Tibial Valgus Deformity
Authors: Lustig Sebastien , Servien Elvire , Batailler Cecile , Neyret Philippe , Cerciello Simone 
Published: June 2017

AbstractValgus tibial malalignment may be the result of bony deformity, previous lateral meniscectomy, or lateral plateau fractures. The correction of such a problem is usually addressed through a tibial osteotomy, which affects the alignment both in flexion and extension. Two surgical options are available: medial closing wedge and lateral opening wedge. When planning a varisation osteotomy, it should be considered that the normal joint line is in 3 degrees of varus. Increasing this obliquity beyond 10 to 15 degrees ends up with increased loads on the patellofemoral joint and medial subluxation of the femur on the tibia. The aim of the present study was to discuss actual indications and contraindications for a varus-producing high tibial osteotomy and describe surgical steps of both medial closing wedge and lateral opening wedge techniques. In addition, the available literature has been searched to report functional outcomes and complications.
Intravenous Immunoglobulins for Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Scoping Systematic Review of the Pediatric Literature
Authors: Matuszczak M. , Teitelbaum J. , Kazina C. , Gillman L. , Zeiler F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOur goal was to perform a scoping systematic review of the literature on the use of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) for refractory status epilepticus (RSE) in pediatric patients. Articles from MEDLINE, BIOSIS, EMBASE, Global Health, Healthstar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov (inception to June 2016), reference lists of relevant articles, and gray literature were searched. The strength of evidence was adjudicated using both the Oxford and Grading of Recommendation Assessment Development and Education (GRADE) methodology by two independent reviewers. We identified 21 original articles. Eighty-seven pediatric patients were described as having received IVIG therapy for RSE. The mean age was 7.8 years (range: 2–17.5 years). Seizure response occurred in 14 of the 87 patients (16.1%), with 3 (3.4%) and 11 (12.6%) displaying partial and complete responses, respectively. Seventy-three of the 87 patients (83.9%) failed to display any seizure response to IVIG therapy. No complications related to IVIG therapy were recorded. The majority of patients had moderate to severe neurological deficits upon follow-up. Oxford level 4, GRADE D evidence exists to suggest little to no impact on seizure control in pediatric autoimmune RSE. Routine use of IVIG for pediatric RSE cannot be recommended at this time and should be considered experimental.
Hands off: Schulter
Authors: Dölken Mechthild 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungIm gesunden Schultergelenk halten sich Mobilität und Stabilität die Waage.
Störungen dieses Gleichgewichts führen oft zu einer ventralen Instabilität.
Welche Übungen helfen, Stabilität wieder herzustellen, beschreibt dieser
Fachartikel.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection Mimicking Extrapyramidal Symptoms: A Case Report
Authors: Cheng Chih-Chieh , Fan Hueng-Chuen , Chi Ching-Shiang , Huang Shih-Ting , Yeh Lang-Lung , Lee Chuen-Ming 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS), and it is difficult to diagnose clinically because of vague prodromal presentations. The therapeutic aim for ADEM is to inhibit the CNS inflammatory reaction as quickly as possible. Treatments may include high-dose corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant therapies such as plasmapheresis and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. ADEM usually has a good prognosis. Here, we report a rare case of ADEM secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection mimicking extrapyramidal symptoms.
Duplication of 19p13.3 in 11-Year-Old Male Patient with Dysmorphic Features and Intellectual Disability: A Review
Authors: Novikova Irina , Sen Paushpala , Manzardo Ann , Butler Merlin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present a clinical report of an 11-year-old male patient with an interstitial duplication of 19p13.3 (829 kb in size) at genomic coordinates 3,804,495–4,033,722 bp (hg19) identified by chromosomal microarray analysis and review the literature from nine published reports adding knowledge regarding this chromosomal anomaly and clinical outcomes. The size of the duplication ranged from 0.83 to 8.9 Mb in the nine individuals. The young boy in our report was dysmorphic with microcephaly, abnormal craniofacial features, intellectual disability, aggression, and a heart murmur. All patients were found to have a psychomotor developmental delay and/or intellectual disability with the majority having microcephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, and hypotonia. Common craniofacial findings included a tall, prominent forehead, an elongated face, epicanthal folds, hypertelorism, prominent low-set ears, philtrum anomaly, and a small mouth. Other less common features included abnormal digits, sparse hair, and cardiac defects. Clinical features, chromosome duplication sizes, locations, and the number of genes will be summarized in a tabular form.
Expansion und Transplantation limbaler Stammzellen zur Regeneration der kornealen Oberfläche
Authors: Gericke Adrian , Wasielica-Poslednik Joanna , Zimmermann Marion , Musayeva Aytan 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Regeneration des Hornhautepithels wird beim Menschen über das Stammzellreservoir des Limbus reguliert. Bei ausgedehnter Zerstörung der Limbusregion im Rahmen von Entzündungen, Verbrennungen oder Verätzungen kann sich eine limbale Stammzellinsuffizienz ausbilden, bei der es zu einer Vaskularisation und Eintrübung der Hornhaut mit funktioneller Beeinträchtigung kommen kann. Es stehen verschiedene Verfahren der autologen und allogenen Transplantation limbaler Stammzellen zur Verfügung. So können ganze Limbusabschnitte und kleine Limbusbiopsate direkt transplantiert oder aus kleinen Limbusbiopsaten stammende Zellen zunächst ex vivo auf Trägermembranen vermehrt und anschließend auf das betroffene Auge aufgebracht werden. In der Übersichtsarbeit werden die Physiologie des Hornhautepithels, die Pathophysiologie der limbalen Stammzellinsuffizienz und die verschiedenen Therapieverfahren dargestellt.
Simultaneous analysis of the LFP and spiking activity reveals essential components of a visuomotor transformation in the frontal eye field
Authors: Sendhilnathan Naveen , Basu Debaleena , Murthy Aditya 
Published: June 2017

Significance
Converting a visual input into a motor output is a fundamental computation that nervous systems have evolved to perform. In the context of saccadic eye movements, several brain areas have been identified that exhibit the effect of visuomotor computations. Nevertheless, because of dense interconnectivity between these areas, the contribution of a particular brain area to the visuomotor transformation process has not been clarified. By simultaneously recording from the local field potential (LFP) that is thought to reflect input to an area, and spiking activity that reflects its output activity, we showed that frontal eye field neurons perform the necessary visuomotor transformation to generate a saccade plan internally. We also identify specific components of the LFP such as gamma oscillations that may enable such a visual-to-motor transformation.
SpaceScanner: COPASI wrapper for automated management of global stochastic optimization experiments
Authors: Elsts Atis , Pentjuss Agris , Stalidzans Egils 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Due to their universal applicability, global stochastic optimization methods are popular for designing improvements of biochemical networks. The drawbacks of global stochastic optimization methods are: (i) no guarantee of finding global optima, (ii) no clear optimization run termination criteria and (iii) no criteria to detect stagnation of an optimization run. The impact of these drawbacks can be partly compensated by manual work that becomes inefficient when the solution space is large due to combinatorial explosion of adjustable parameters or for other reasons.

Results
SpaceScanner uses parallel optimization runs for automatic termination of optimization tasks in case of consensus and consecutively applies a pre-defined set of global stochastic optimization methods in case of stagnation in the currently used method. Automatic scan of adjustable parameter combination subsets for best objective function values is possible with a summary file of ranked solutions.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/atiselsts/spacescanner.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Recent advances in childhood vasculitis
Authors: Ozen Seza , Acar-Ozen Nazire Pinar 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
The review aims to summarize the recent findings in vasculitis that may have an impact in our understanding or management of these diseases.

Recent findings
We are learning more about monogenic diseases that closely mimic the pediatric vasculitides. Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 can present with a polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)-like picture and should be included in the differential of all pediatric cases of PAN with a family history or in cases with early stroke, or in cases resistant to conventional therapy. Mutations in tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 results in a disease that can present as Behçet disease called haploinsufficiency of A20. In fact, these patients would also fulfill the existing criteria for PAN and Behçet disease, respectively. Additional advances in Behçet disease pathogenesis come from a large genetic study of Turkish Behçet disease using data obtained from genotyping using the Immunochip. This confirmed the HLA-B-51 locus as the most significant association and identified new risk loci. Large Iranian and Japanese cohorts were used as replication cohorts. Best treatment of pediatric vasculitis remains a challenge as we continue to lack controlled studies. There are new reports in treatment on Henoch–Schönlein purpura/Immunoglobulin A vasculitis which is one of our most frequent childhood vasculitides. Small series of new treatments for central nervous system vasculitis and Takayasu disease will also be summarized. Diagnostic criteria have been reassessed in pediatric Behçet disease as well as adult and childhood forms of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-positive vasculitis.

Summary
The new pathways defined in monogenic diseases may help us better understand the pathogenesis and may help us design more targeted therapy. Although pediatric cases are being increasingly recognized, the relative rarity of the diseases presents an obstacle for studies. Thus, we can reach conclusive results for their management through multicenter studies only.
Polymerase δ-interacting Protein 2: A Multifunctional Protein
Authors: Hernandes Marina S. , Lassègue Bernard , Griendling Kathy K. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:
Polymerase δ-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) is a multifunctional protein originally described as a binding partner of the p50 subunit of DNA polymerase δ and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In addition to its role in DNA replication and damage repair, Poldip2 has been implicated in mitochondrial function, extracellular matrix regulation, cell cycle progression, focal adhesion turnover, and cell migration. However, Poldip2 functions are incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss recent literature on Poldip2 tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and function. We also address the putative function of Poldip2 in cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative conditions and in renal pathophysiology.
High-altitude illness in the pediatric population: a review of the literature on prevention and treatment
Authors: Garlick Vanessa , O’Connor Anne , Shubkin Catherine D. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
Increasing numbers of children are now traveling to high-altitude destinations, and pediatricians often see these children prior to and immediately following their travels. Thus, pediatricians have the opportunity to provide guidance for the prevention of altitude illness and must treat high-altitude illness (HAI) in some circumstances. This review will examine guidelines for prevention and management of HAI in the pediatric population.

Recent findings
Recent research has examined children's short-term cardiorespiratory adaptation to high altitude, incidence of acute mountain sickness, hypoxic ventilator response, and maximal exercise capacity. Overall, studies indicate that children and adults are largely similar in these variables. Furthermore, studies suggest that heritability seems to be a component of response to altitude and development of altitude illness – a finding that may have implications for family vacation planning.

Summary
Increasing numbers of children are visiting high altitude destinations. Whereas most of these child travelers will only experience mild to moderate symptoms of HAI, a small percentage, particularly those with predisposing health conditions, may experience severe disease. Pediatricians should encourage preventive measures with an emphasis on gradual ascent and vigilance for onset of symptoms that should prompt immediate transport to medical care.
Single-Artery Human Ear Graft Procurement: A Simplified Approach
Authors: Duisit Jérôme , Amiel Hadrien , Debluts Donovan , Maistriaux Louis , Gerdom Alexander , Bol Anne , Gianello Pierre , Behets Catherine , Lengelé Benoit 
Published: June 2017

Summary:
In the field of experimental facial vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation, a human auricular subunit model, pedicled on both superficial temporal and posterior auricular arteries, was described. Clinical cases of extensive auricular replantation, however, suggested that a single artery could perfuse the entire flap. In this study, variants of this single-pedicle approach have been studied, aiming to develop a more versatile replantation technique, in which the question of venous drainage has also been addressed. For arterial perfusion study, the authors harvested 11 auricular grafts, either on a single superficial temporal artery pedicle (n = 3) or a double superficial temporal and posterior auricular artery pedicle (n = 8). The authors then proceeded to selective barium injections, in the superficial temporal, posterior auricular, or both superficial temporal and posterior auricular arteries. Arteriograms were acquired with a micro–computed tomographic scan and analyzed on three-dimensionally reconstructed images. Venous drainage was investigated in eight hemifaces, carefully dissected after latex injection. Observations showed a homogenous perfusion of the whole auricle in all arterial graft variants. Venous drainage was highly variable, with either a dominant superficial temporal vein (37.5 percent), dominant posterior auricular vein (12.5 percent), or co-dominant trunks (50 percent). The authors demonstrated that auricular subunit vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation can be performed on a single artery, relying on the dynamic intraauricular anastomoses between superficial temporal artery and posterior auricular branches. Potentially, this vascular versatility is prone to simplify the subunit harvest and allows various strategies for pedicle selection. Venous drainage, however, remains inconstant and thus the major issue when considering auricular transplantation.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, V.
Transcriptomic profiling of nematode parasites surviving after vaccine exposure
Authors: Sallé Guillaume , Laing Roz , Cotton James A. , Maitland Kirsty , Martinelli Axel , Holroyd Nancy , Tracey Alan , Berriman Matthew , Smith W. David , Newlands George F. J. , Hanks Eve , Devaney Eileen , Britton Collette 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSome nematode species are economically important parasites of livestock, while others are important human pathogens causing some of the most important neglected tropical diseases. In both humans and animals, anthelmintic drug administration is the main control strategy, but the emergence of drug-resistant worms has stimulated the development of alternative control approaches. Among these, vaccination is considered to be a sustainable and cost effective strategy. Currently, Barbervax®for the ruminant strongylidHaemonchus contortusis the only registered subunit vaccine for a nematode parasite, although a vaccine for the human hookwormNecator americanusis undergoing clinical trials (HOOKVAC consortium). As both these vaccines comprise a limited number of proteins there is potential for selection of nematodes with altered sequence or expression of the vaccine antigens. Here we compared the transcriptome ofH. contortuspopulations from sheep vaccinated with Barbervax®with worms from control animals. Barbervax®antigens are native integral membrane proteins isolated from the brush border of the intestinal cells of the adult parasite and many of them are proteases. Our findings provide no evidence for changes in expression of genes encoding Barbervax®antigens in the surviving parasite populations. However, surviving parasites from vaccinated animals showed increased expression of other proteases and regulators of lysosome trafficking, and displayed up-regulated lipid storage and defecation abilities that may have circumvented the vaccine effect. Implications for other potential vaccines for human and veterinary nematodes are discussed.