bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling and control of doubly fed variable‐speed pumped storage units for grid power regulation
Authors: Guopeng Zhao , Qiang Zhao , Jiyun Ren , Xiaofang Song , Minxiao Han 
Published: November 2017

With the expending scale of the power grid and the substantial development of renewable energy generation system, the demand for power quality is becoming more and more significant. The doubly fed pumped storage can be an effective method to control the power of the power grid and restrain the power grid fluctuation caused by renewable energy generation. First, this study introduces the structure of doubly fed pumped storage unit, and analyses the mathematical model of reversible hydraulic pump turbine, doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and control strategy of the converter. On the basis of the model of reversible hydraulic pump turbine and DFIG, control strategies of the dq decoupling and synchronous rotating coordinate system are studied to output the active and reactive power. Second, the models of generating mode and pumping mode for the doubly fed pumped storage unit are established. Third, for the grid power regulation, active power and speed control strategy in generating mode, pumping mode are put forward. Finally, the model of doubly fed pumped storage unit of 300 MW is established in MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed control strategy is verified by the simulation results.
Only a Rapid Complete Biochemical Remission After 131I-Therapy is Associated with an Unimpaired Life Expectancy in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Verburg Frederik , Mäder Uwe , Grelle Inge , Giovanella Luca , Reiners Christoph , Hänscheid Heribert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe objective of the work was to investigate the relationship between thyroglobulin doubling time (TgDT) as a marker of speed of response to 131I-therapy and the differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) recurrence rate, DTC specific mortality rate, and relative survival rate in a DTC population followed over a long period of time after 131I-therapy. From our database, data of 1354 patients were reviewed. TgDT could be calculated in 174 patients, however, 376 patients did not have sufficient Tg values available for TgDT calculation and 804 patients reached biochemical remission before a sufficient number of Tg measurements for TgDT calculation was acquired. Main outcome measures were recurrence-free, DTC specific, and relative survival rates. In patients<45 years, TgDT in multivariate analysis was identified as the solitary significant determinant of DTC specific and relative survival. In patients≥45 years of age at diagnosis, TgDT is an independent, but not the only determinant of recurrence free, DTC specific, and relative survival. Importantly, in this age group life expectancy is normal in patients reaching rapid biochemical remission (i. e., before TgDT can be calculated); it was reduced in patients with a negative TgDT, which normally is deemed a marker of response to therapy. Only DTC patients with a rapid biochemical remission have a very good prognosis with a normal life expectancy. If no rapid biochemical remission occurs, both biochemically progressive disease and a slower biochemical remission of disease are associated with a reduced prognosis, especially in older DTC patients.
Sparsity enables estimation of both subcortical and cortical activity from MEG and EEG
Authors: Krishnaswamy Pavitra , Obregon-Henao Gabriel , Ahveninen Jyrki , Khan Sheraz , Babadi Behtash , Iglesias Juan Eugenio , Hämäläinen Matti S. , Purdon Patrick L. 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Subcortical structures play a critical role in brain functions such as sensory perception, memory, emotion, and consciousness. There are limited options for assessing neuronal dynamics within subcortical structures in humans. Magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography can measure electromagnetic fields generated by subcortical activity. But localizing the sources of these fields is very difficult, because the fields generated by subcortical structures are small and cannot be distinguished from distributed cortical activity. We show that cortical and subcortical fields can be distinguished if the cortical sources are sparse. We then describe an algorithm that uses sparsity in a hierarchical fashion to jointly localize cortical and subcortical sources. Our work offers alternative perspectives and tools for assessing subcortical brain dynamics in humans.
Reviewer bias in single- versus double-blind peer review
Authors: Tomkins Andrew , Zhang Min , Heavlin William D. 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Scientific peer review has been a cornerstone of the scientific method since the 1600s. Debate continues regarding the merits of single-blind review, in which anonymous reviewers know the authors of a paper and their affiliations, compared with double-blind review, in which this information is hidden. We present an experimental study of this question. In computer science, research often appears first or exclusively in peer-reviewed conferences rather than journals. Our study considers full-length submissions to the highly selective 2017 Web Search and Data Mining conference (15.6% acceptance rate). Each submission is simultaneously scored by two single-blind and two double-blind reviewers. Our analysis shows that single-blind reviewing confers a significant advantage to papers with famous authors and authors from high-prestige institutions.
The association between physical activity and chronic diseases in European adults
Authors: Marques Adilson , Santos Teresa , Martins João , Matos Margarida Gaspar De , Valeiro Miguel González 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChronic diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and are considered to be at epidemic levels worldwide. This is a cross‐sectional multi‐country study based on data from the European Social Survey round 7, 2014, comprising 30,826 participants (14,813 men) with mean age 50.4 ± 18.0. Physical activity and chronic diseases were self‐reported. Men and women who practiced physical activity more often had lower odds of having heart problems, breathing problems, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Engaged in physical activity 2–4 times/week and ≥5 times/week decrease the odds of having heart problems, high blood pressure, breathing problems, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, compared with men and women who engaged in physical activity 1 or less times per week. For the women, the practice of physical activity ≥5 times/week was significantly and negatively associated with having cancer, when compared with women who engaged in physical activity 1 or less times per week. Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases, in particular: heart problems, high blood pressure, breathing problems, allergies, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Furthermore, even small amounts of weekly physical activity seem to decrease the risk of chronic diseases.
Holocrine Poroma: A Distinctive Adnexal Tumor
Authors: Horenstein Marcelo G. , Sandoval Marina P. , Lo Yungtai , Jacob Jack 
Published: November 2017

Abstract:
There are 36 cases of complex poroid tumors with folliculosebaceous and apocrine differentiation reported in the literature. The authors evaluated 111 poroid tumors including 63 typical eccrine poromas and 48 poroid tumors with folliculosebaceous elements. Folliculosebaceous poroid tumors (FSPT) had basaloid and squamous cells (100%), ducts with steatocystoma-like cuticles and holocrine secretions (89.6%), infundibular follicular structures (66.7%), and entrapped sebocytes (56.3%). No definite apocrine decapitation secretions in FSPT were found. Immunohistochemistry was strongly positive for CK903 and focally positive for CAM5.2, epithelial membrane antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen. No loss of MLH-1, MSH-2, or MSH-6 mismatch repair proteins was found. FSPT had distinctive features that differentiate them from eccrine poromas including the frequent head and neck locations (62.5% vs. 20.6%, P < 0.01), squamous cytology (100% vs. 1.6%, P < 0.01), more prominent cytoplasmic vacuolization (score 1.4/4.0 vs. 0.3/4.0, P < 0.01), presence of infundibular follicular structures (score 1.2/4.0 vs. 0.03/4.0, P < 0.01), presence of ducts with steatocystoma-like cuticles (89.6% vs. 0.0%, P < 0.01), and less stromal hyalinization (score 1.0/4.0 vs. 2.5/4.0, P < 0.01). The authors propose that FSPT are distinctive benign tumors originating from the sebaceous gland duct and are therefore best categorized as holocrine poroma.
New Histologic Finding of Amyloid Insulin Bodies at an Insulin Injection Site in a Patient With Diabetes
Authors: Katzman Benjamin D. , Traum Peter , Medline Paul B. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract:
Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of protein deposition diseases with more than 40 known clinical presentations. Localized amyloidosis occurs when the protein deposits exist in a singular location. Patients with diabetes mellitus who inject insulin at the same site can develop localized insulin-derived amyloidosis (AIns) at the injection site, which can be confused clinically with lipoma, lipohyperplasia, lipoatrophy, and fat necrosis. Histologic examination is performed to confirm localized AIns. We report a case of a patient with a long history of type 2 diabetes who presented with a subcutaneous mass in the abdomen at a preferred insulin injection site. Examination by light microscopy revealed diffuse deposition of eosinophilic material. Two of the tissue fragments contained numerous 30–40 μm spherical bodies within the eosinophilic material. The bodies had dark centers with peripheral eosinophilic material. Polarized sections stained with Congo red showed apple green birefringence, a characteristic of amyloid. Immunohistochemistry was positive for insulin antibodies in the dark spherules and the surrounding matrix. Proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry showed that the Congo red–positive material was insulin. Electron microscopy showed a background matrix consisting of nonbranching protein fibrils measuring 8.8–16.1 nm, consistent with amyloid; the spherules contained dark globular proteins in the center surrounded by nonbranching fibrillary proteins. Because these spherules were positive for insulin by immunohistochemistry and showed amyloid ultrastructurally, we refer to them as amyloid insulin bodies. The identification of AIns, specifically with amyloid insulin bodies, is important for diagnosis and treatment and may further our understanding of amyloidogenesis.
Influence of Syringe Volume on Foam Stability in Sclerotherapy for Varicose Vein Treatment
Authors: Bai Taoping , Jiang Wentao , Fan Yubo 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND
Despite the popularity of sclerotherapy for treating varicose veins, it still exhibits various problems, such as pulmonary embolism, deep-vein thrombosis, phlebitis, and visual disorders.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate syringe volume influence on foam stability, obtain the foam decay rule, and provide a reference for clinics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Five types of syringes are used to prepare foam at room temperature with various liquid–gas ratios. Foam decay process experiments were performed 5 times and recorded by video. The stability indices used include drainage time, half-life, bubble diameter, bubble surface density, and drainage rate.

RESULTS
The 30 and 2-mL syringes, respectively, recorded the highest and lowest drainage speeds. Foam drainage time and half-life, differences varied between 15 and 70 seconds, and 20 and 100 seconds, respectively. Foam bubble diameters were distributed over 0.1 to 2.0 mm with roughly 200 to 700 bubbles per square centimeter.

CONCLUSION
Increased syringe volume causes the bubble diameter to increase. Thus, foam dispersion increases and foam half-life decreases; hence, foam becomes unstable. It is, thus, better to use a small syringe several times to prepare foam in clinics using segmented injections.
Sexual activity and vaginal symptoms in the postintervention phase of the Women's Health Initiative Hormone Therapy Trials
Authors: Gass Margery , Larson Joseph , Cochrane Barbara , Manson JoAnn E. , Lane Dorothy , Barnabei Vanessa , Ockene Judith , Stefanick Marcia L. , Mouton Charles 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objective:
To assess the impact of discontinuing oral hormone therapy (HT) on sexual activity, vaginal symptoms, and sexual activity components among participants in the estrogen-progestin therapy (EPT) and estrogen therapy (ET) trial of the Women's Health Initiative.

Methods:
Surveys were sent postintervention to those who were still taking study pills and agreed to continue in the study when the trials were stopped. Comparisons between former HT and placebo users were accomplished with chi-square tests for categorical variables and t tests for continuous variables.

Results:
In all, 13,902 women with mean age at survey 69.9 years (EPT trial, women with intact uterus) and 71.7 years (ET trial, women with history of hysterectomy) responded. Prevalence of sexual activity postintervention was not significantly different between former EPT and placebo users (36.0% vs 34.2%; P = 0.37). Sexual activity of former ET users was 5.6% higher than placebo users (27.6% vs 22.0%; P = 0.001). The majority of sexually active women overall maintained orgasmic capacity and sexual satisfaction. Former EPT users were 10% to 12% more likely than former placebo users to report decreased desire, arousal, intercourse, climax, and satisfaction with sexual activity, and also increased dryness and dyspareunia upon discontinuing study drugs (P < 0.001). Former ET users were more likely than placebo users to report rare to no desire or arousal postintervention (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Postintervention ET trial participants formerly assigned to ET were significantly more likely to report sexual activity than those formerly assigned to placebo. Women who discontinued EPT were significantly more likely to report negative vaginal and sex-related effects.
The effects of supplemental vitamin E on hematological parameters in a rat model of ovarian hormone deficiency
Authors: Pourafshar Shirin , Johnson Sarah A. , Keshavarz Behnam , Feresin Rafaela G. , Khalil Dania A. , Chai Sheau C. , Arjmandi Bahram H. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objective:
Menopause is associated with adverse changes in hematological parameters. Although the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin E have been previously demonstrated, the effects of vitamin E on hematopoietic parameters are not well-documented. This study investigated the effects of supplemental vitamin E on hematological parameters in a rat model of ovarian hormone deficiency.

Methods:
Twelve-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (Ovx). Animals were randomly divided among five treatment groups (n = 12/group) as follows: Sham; Ovx; Ovx + 300, Ovx + 525, or Ovx + 750 mg/kg diet of vitamin E for 100 days.

Results:
Compared with Sham, ovariectomy increased leukocyte subpopulation counts including lymphocytes (2.01 × 103/mm3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11, 4.03; P = 0.03), monocytes (0.35 × 103/mm3; 95% CI 0.60, 0.11; P = 0.01), neutrophils (0.72 × 103/mm3; 95% CI 0.26, 1.19; P = 0.01), eosinophils (0.07 × 103/mm3; 95% CI 0.12, 0.30; P = 0.00), and basophils (0.13 × 103/mm3; 95% CI 0.04, 0.21; P = 0.02). Medium dose (MD) (−0.26 × 103/mm3; 95% CI −0.47, −0.05; P = 0.007) and high dose (HD) (−0.22 × 103/mm3; 95% CI −0.43, −0.01; P = 0.037) supplemental vitamin E attenuated Ovx-induced increases in monocyte counts. Low dose (LD) (−0.55 × 103/mm3; 95% CI −0.95, −0.15; P = 0.003), MD (−0.61 × 103/mm3; P = 0.001), and HD (−0.54 × 103/mm3; 95% CI −0.95, −0.14; P = 0.004) supplemental vitamin E attenuated Ovx-induced increases in neutrophil counts. LD (−0.05 × 103/mm3; 95% CI −0.08, −0.11; P = 0.006), MD (−0.05 × 103/mm3; 95% CI −0.08, −0.11; P = 0.005), and HD (−0.05 × 103/mm3; 95% CI −0.09, −0.01; P = 0.004) supplemental vitamin E also attenuated the Ovx-induced increase in eosinophil counts. Only LD (−0.09 × 103/mm3; 95% CI −0.17, −0.02; P = 0.009) supplemental vitamin E attenuated the Ovx-induced increase in basophil counts. The remaining hematological parameters assessed were not significantly affected by ovariectomy or supplemental vitamin E.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that vitamin E in the form of α-tocopherol acetate may provide protection against ovarian hormone deficiency-associated adverse changes in hematological parameters.
Genetic variants associated with earlier age at menopause increase the risk of cardiovascular events in women
Authors: Sarnowski Chloé , Kavousi Maryam , Isaacs Steve , Demerath Ellen W. , Broer Linda , Muka Taulant , Franco Oscar H. , Ikram Mohammad Arfan , Uitterlinden André , Franceschini Nora , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Murabito Joanne M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objective:
To better understand the relationship between cardiovascular disease risk and age-at-natural menopause using genetic data.

Methods:
Early menopause is associated with cardiovascular disease risk. We constructed a genetic risk score comprising 56 age-at-natural menopause decreasing alleles in men and women from the Framingham Heart Study, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, and the Rotterdam Study. If the genetic predisposition to earlier age-at-natural menopause is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, it is reasonable to ask whether the risk is shared by men carrying the alleles, despite not experiencing menopause. We estimated the hazard ratio for the score for time to first cardiovascular event. To investigate the possible genetic pleiotropy between age-at-natural menopause and cardiovascular disease, we performed cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regressions between age-at-natural menopause and cardiovascular disease and risk factors using genome-wide association studies.

Results:
Twenty-two thousand five hundred and sixty-eight cardiovascular disease-free participants at baseline were analyzed (9,808 men, 12,760 women). Each additional unit of the genetic propensity to earlier age-at-natural menopause increased the hazard of both cardiovascular disease and cardiac death in women (cardiovascular disease: hazard ratio 1.10 [1.04-1.16], P = 9.7 × 10−4; cardiac death: 1.12 [1.02-1.24], P = 0.03), whereas no effect was observed for either outcome in men (hazard ratio 0.99 [0.95-1.04], P = 0.71; 1.05 [0.94-1.16], P = 0.34). We found significant negative genetic correlations in women, but not men, between age-at-natural menopause and cardiovascular disease and risk factors.

Conclusion:
Genetic variants associated with earlier age-at-natural menopause are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in women, but not men, suggesting sex-specific genetic effects on cardiovascular disease risk.
Strategy for Nasal Reconstruction in Atypical Facial Clefts
Authors: Ghareeb Fouad M. , Elsakka Dalia M. , Elsheikh Yaser M. , Nassar Ahmed T. , Abdelreheim Hosam H. 
Published: November 2017

Summary:
It is difficult to put forward a strategy for the treatment of nasal clefts due to the rarity and diversity of anatomical aberrations of these cases contrary to the common nasal affection in cleft lip and palate patients, which differ in severity rather than differing in the morbid anatomy. This simple strategy for correction of these nasal clefts will hopefully help surgeons to achieve better results. In the mean time I intended to describe the morbid anatomy of these cases by choosing examples of each morbid anatomy.
Central Mound Mastopexy for the Correction of Tuberous/Tubular Breast Deformity
Authors: Abbate Olivia A. , Fan Kenneth L. , Nahabedian Maurice Y. 
Published: November 2017

Summary:
Tuberous and tubular breast deformity are well-recognized abnormalities in the plastic surgery community that incur severe physical and psychological consequences in affected patients. Current reconstructive options for the tuberous and tubular breasts favor the use of prosthetic implants and soft-tissue manipulation. We present a case of tuberous and tubular breast deformity treated with a central mound reduction technique and mastopexy with imbricating sutures without the use of prosthetic implants. The patient remained extremely pleased with her results at long-term follow-up. This represents a unique case of successful reconstruction in a patient with a tuberous and tubular breast deformity using a central mound reduction technique with mastopexy and without a prosthetic device.
Improved Diagnostic Performance of an Immunofluorescence-based Rapid Antigen Detection Test for Group A Streptococci in Children With Pharyngitis
Authors: Lacroix Laurence , Cherkaoui Abdessalam , Schaller Diane , Manzano Sergio , Galetto-Lacour Annick , Pfeifer Ulrich , Tabin René , Gervaix Alain 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis are important to prevent complications. Most available rapid antigen detection tests (RADTs) have shown excellent specificity but often lack sensitivity. Our objective was to compare the diagnostic performances of a new fluorescence-based immunoassay and a classic immunochromatographic RADT using standard throat culture or polymerase chain reaction as references.

Methods:
Prospective observational study in 2 pediatric emergency departments in children 3–15 years of age presenting with pharyngitis and a McIsaac score ≥2. Three throat swabs were obtained simultaneously: one for culture and one for each of both RADTs. Polymerase chain reaction assay of the DNaseB sequence was performed in case of discordant results (culture negative and either RADTs positive).

Results:
A total of 1002 patients were analyzed, with an overall 37.1% prevalence of GAS pharyngitis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were, respectively, 84.9%*, 96.8%, 94.0% and 91.6% for the new fluorescence-based immunoassay, and 75.3%*, 98.1%, 95.9% and 87.0% for the immunochromatographic test (*P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The immunofluorescence-based assay demonstrated improved diagnostic performances over the standard immunochromatographic RADT. Similarly specific for GAS detection, it demonstrates significantly higher sensitivity in children with McIsaac scores 2 or more. A negative result rules out a risk of GAS pharyngitis in 91.6% of children, making it an appropriate tool in pediatric emergency settings. Combined to the low incidence of rheumatic strains, critical appraisal of current practice to routinely perform a backup throat culture from children with pharyngitis and with negative GAS RADT could be reconsidered.