bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual‐based stabilization of the finite element approximation to the acoustic perturbation equations for low Mach number aeroacoustics
Authors: Guasch Oriol , Sánchez‐Martín Patricia , Pont Arnau , Baiges Joan , Codina Ramon 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe acoustic perturbation equations (APE) are suitable to predict aerodynamic noise in the presence of a non‐uniform mean flow. As for any hybrid computational aeroacoustics approach, a first computational fluid dynamics simulation is carried out from which the mean flow characteristics and acoustic sources are obtained. In a second step, the APE are solved to get the acoustic pressure and particle velocity fields. However, resorting to the finite element method (FEM) for that purpose is not straightforward. Whereas mixed finite elements satisfying an appropriate inf–sup compatibility condition can be built in the case of no mean flow, that is, for the standard wave equation in mixed form, these are difficult to implement and their good performance is yet to be checked for more complex wave operators. As a consequence, strong simplifying assumptions are usually considered when solving the APE with FEM. It is possible to avoid them by resorting to stabilized formulations. In this work, a residual‐based stabilized FEM is presented for the APE at low Mach numbers, which allows one to deal with the APE convective and reaction terms in its full extent. The key of the approach resides in the design of the matrix of stabilization parameters. The performance of the formulation and the contributions of the different terms in the equations are tested for an acoustic pulse propagating in sheared‐solenoidal mean flow, and for the aeolian tone generated by flow past a two‐dimensional cylinder. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carotenoid profiling of the leaves of selected African eggplant accessions subjected to drought stress
Authors: Mibei Elias K. , Ambuko Jane , Giovannoni James J. , Onyango Arnold N. , Owino Willis O. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAfrican eggplants (Solanum aethiopicum and S. macrocarpon) are among the most economically important and valuable vegetable and fruit crops. They are a major source of biologically active nutritional substances and metabolites which are essential for plant growth, development, stress adaptation and defense. Among these metabolites are the carotenoids which act as accessory pigments for photosynthesis and precursor to plant hormones. Though African eggplants are known to be resistant to various abiotic stresses, the effect of these stresses on secondary metabolites has not been well defined. The objective of this study was to establish the effect of drought stress on carotenoid profiles of nineteen African eggplant accessions selected based on leaf and fruit morphological traits. Stress was achieved by limiting irrigation and maintaining the wilting state of the crops. Fresh leaves were sampled at different maturity stages; before stress, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after stress for carotenoid analysis. The fresh harvested leaf tissues were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and ground. Analysis was carried out using a Dionex HPLC machine coupled to Photo Array Detector and Chromeleon software package (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). Major carotenoids viz;. Xanthophylls (neoxanthin, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein) and carotenes (β–carotene and α–carotene), phytofluene, lycopene, phytoene as well as chlorophylls (chlorophyll‐b and Chlorophyll‐a) were targeted. The carotenoids increased with maturity stage of the crop. Although the stressed crops reported significantly decreased amount of carotenes, chlorophylls, neoxanthin and violaxanthin, the concentration of zeaxanthin increased with stress whereas lutein had no significant change. Chlorophyll‐a was significantly high in all the control accessions. Two accessions reported significantly higher contents of carotenoids as compared to the other accessions. The results of this study indicate that water stress has significant impact on the concentration of some carotenoids and photosynthetic pigments. This will definitely add value to the study of stress tolerance in crops.
Cautionary note on multicomponent flood distributions for annual maxima
Authors: Bardsley William Earl 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMulticomponent probability distributions such as the two‐component Gumbel distribution are sometimes applied to annual flood maxima when individual floods are seen as belonging to different classes, depending on physical processes or time of year. However, hydrological inconsistencies may arise if only nonclassified annual maxima are available to estimate the component distribution parameters. In particular, an unconstrained best fit to annual flood maxima may yield some component distributions with a high probability of simulating floods with negative discharge. In such situations, multicomponent distributions cannot be justified as an improved approximation to a local physical reality of mixed flood types, even though a good data fit is achieved. This effect usefully illustrates that a good match to data is no guarantee against degeneracy of hydrological models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Procedure‐related complications and adverse events associated with pediatric autologous peripheral blood stem cell collection
Authors: Cooling Laura , Hoffmann Sandra , Webb Dawn , Meade Micheal , Yamada Chisa , Davenport Robertson , Yanik Gregory 
Published: April 2016

Introduction:Autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cell collection (A‐HPCC) in pediatric patients is considered relatively safe although technically challenging. Very little is known regarding the incidence, risk factors and impact of procedure‐related adverse events (AE) on pediatric A‐HPCC outcomes. Methods: Prospective 4.5‐year review of AE associated with pediatric A‐HPCC. AE were graded by severity and type. Potential demographic and procedural risk factors, and the impact on product quality, were compared by t‐test, chi‐square, and linear regression. Results: Sixty‐two children underwent 110 A‐HPCC, including 36 (58%) under 20 kg. Fifty‐five AE were documented in 25.4% A‐HPCCs and 39% of children (citrate 25%, access 19%, technical 11%, cardiovascular 0%, allergic 1.8%). No AE were noted in children < 10 kg anticoagulated with heparin. Access and technical AE accounted for 73% of severe AE, with line‐related problems underlying most technical AE (87.5%, P = 0.006). AE were more likely in older (P = 0.012), heavier patients (P = 0.02), who frequently required more than one A‐HPCC (P = 0.012). In contrast, young children were more likely to experience citrate AE with gastrointestinal symptoms (median age, 6 years; P = 0.076). AE had no impact on CD34 collection rates; however, mean CD34 yields (4.2 vs. 20.4 million/kg; P = 0.0035) were decreased in patients with technical AE due to lower peripheral CD34 counts and a high number of aborted procedures (37%). Conclusion: Venous access and flow‐related issues are a major factor associated with moderate and severe AE, effecting ∼10% of patients. AE are more frequent with increasing patient age, weight, and number of procedures. J. Clin. Apheresis 32:35–48, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pervaporation performance in PDMS membrane bioreactor for ethanol recovery with running water and air as coolants at room temperature
Authors: Fan Senqing , Xiao Zeyi , Li Minghai , Li Sizhong , Zhou Tong , Hu Yupeng , Wu Song 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDPervaporation performance in a PDMS membrane bioreactor for ethanol recovery from model solution and fermentation broth was researched. Downstream of the membrane the permeate vapor was completely condensed by running water and air at room temperature.RESULTSPart of the permeate vapor was condensed under vacuum conditions by running water at room temperature in condenser C1, with ethanol concentration of 47.2 g L−1 obtained. The vacuum pump in the pervaporation membrane bioreactor was used to compress and pump the non‐condensed permeate vapor with ethanol concentration of 461.3 g L−1 into the condenser C2, where the vapor could be easily condensed under atmospheric conditions by air at room temperature. During the experimental ethanol recovery from model solution the total flux and separation factor were about 1100 g m−2 h−1 and 8.0, respectively, while the permeate flux of the membrane was reduced during the separation of fermentation broth.CONCLUSIONCompared with a traditional pervaporation process, the cold trap condensation was eliminated in the process and enhanced ethanol fermentation was achieved since pervaporation was continuously coupled with fermentation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
High performance poly(N‐aryleneindole ether) containing pyridine units as a novel acid response fluorescent detector
Authors: Wang Qiaojiao , Xiong Li , Zhu Fanghua , Yang Li , Chang Guanjun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA novel high‐performance polyindole containing a pyridine ring (P1) was successfully prepared by the catalyst‐free nucleophilic substitution polycondensation of 4‐hydroxyindole with 2,6‐difluoropyridine via a C − N and C − O coupling reaction process. This semirigid polyindole P1 exhibits good thermal stability, and it can be dissolved well in common organic solvents. Fluorescent spectral studies indicate that the resulting polymer shows blue‐light emission at 402 nm due to the effect of intramolecular charge transfer caused by the donor − acceptor interaction between its indole and pyridine units. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of P1 could be altered by protonation and deprotonation. Such behaviour enables it to be utilized as one kind of acid response fluorescent polymer sensor. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Folding superfunnel to describe cooperative folding of interacting proteins
Authors: Smeller László 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a generalization of the well‐known folding funnel concept of proteins. In the funnel model the polypeptide chain is treated as an individual object not interacting with other proteins. Since biological systems are considerably crowded, protein–protein interaction is a fundamental feature during the life cycle of proteins. The folding superfunnel proposed here describes the folding process of interacting proteins in various situations. The first example discussed is the folding of the freshly synthesized protein with the aid of chaperones. Another important aspect of protein–protein interactions is the folding of the recently characterized intrinsically disordered proteins, where binding to target proteins plays a crucial role in the completion of the folding process. The third scenario where the folding superfunnel is used is the formation of aggregates from destabilized proteins, which is an important factor in case of several conformational diseases. The folding superfunnel constructed here with the minimal assumption about the interaction potential explains all three cases mentioned above. Proteins 2016; 84:1009–1016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patient Body Image and Satisfaction with Surgical Wound Appearance After Reduced Port Surgery for Colorectal Diseases
Authors: Hamabe Atsushi , Takemasa Ichiro , Hata Taishi , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe use of reduced port surgery (RPS) is increasing in the field of colorectal surgery. It is considered to offer advantages over conventional multiport surgery (MPS) in terms of decreased invasiveness and superior cosmesis. However, to date there has been no study that evaluates patient satisfaction after undergoing RPS for colorectal diseases. Herein, we present a questionnaire‐based study to address this issue.MethodsQuestionnaires were sent by mail to 216 patients who underwent RPS and 145 who underwent MPS. Patient’s satisfaction with cosmesis and body image after colorectal surgery was assessed using a validated Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ) and Photo Series Questionnaire (PSQ).ResultsA total of 76.9 % (166/216) of the RPS patients and 70.3 % (102/145) of the MPS patients returned the questionnaires. BIQ scores gradually improved after surgery, and were more positive overall in the RPS group compared to the MPS group. RPS patients marked significantly better PSQ scores than MPS patients (P < 0.05). In RPS subset analysis, patients with single port surgery (SPS) rated better PSQ scores than patients with SPS with additional port insertion (P < 0.05).ConclusionWe find that RPS, especially SPS, enhances patient satisfaction by reducing abdominal wall trauma. This new advantage of RPS may prove valuable in its consideration as an option in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
Outcomes of Parathyroidectomy in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Singh Ospina Naykky M. , Rodriguez‐Gutierrez Rene , Maraka Spyridoula , Espinosa de Ycaza Ana E. , Jasim Sina , Castaneda‐Guarderas Ana , Gionfriddo Michael R. , Al Nofal Alaa , Brito Juan P. , Erwin Patricia , Richards Melanie , Wermers Robert , Montori Victor M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundParathyroidectomy is a definitive treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism. Patients contemplating this intervention will benefit from knowledge regarding the expected outcomes and potential risks of the currently available surgical options.PurposeTo appraise and summarize the available evidence regarding benefits and harms of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) and bilateral neck exploration (BNE).Data sourcesA comprehensive search of multiple databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus) from each database’s inception to September 2014 was performed.Study selectionEligible studies evaluated patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing MIP or BNE.Data extractionReviewers working independently and in duplicate extracted data and assessed the risk of bias.Data synthesisWe identified 82 observational studies and 6 randomized trials at moderate risk of bias. Most of them reported outcomes after MIP (n = 71). Using random‐effects models to pool results across studies, the cure rate was 98 % (95 % CI 97–98 %, I2 = 10 %) with BNE and 97 % (95 % CI 96–98 %, I2 = 86 %) with MIP. Hypocalcemia occurred in 14 % (95 % CI 10–17 % I2 = 93 %) of the BNE cases and in 2.3 % (95 % CI 1.6–3.1 %, I2 = 87 %) with MIP (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant lower risk of laryngeal nerve injury with MIP (0.3 %) than with BNE (0.9 %), but similar risk of infection (0.5 vs. 0.5 %) and mortality (0.1 vs. 0.5 %).LimitationsThe available evidence, mostly observational, is at moderate risk of bias, and limited by indirect comparisons and inconsistency for some outcomes (cure rate, hypocalcemia).ConclusionMIP and BNE are both effective surgical techniques for the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism. The safety profile of MIP appears superior to BNE (lower rate of hypocalcemia and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury).
Use of Liver Function Tests as First‐line Diagnostic Tools for Predicting Common Bile Duct Stones in Acute Cholecystitis Patients
Authors: Ahn Keun Soo , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Han Ho‐Seong , Cho Jai Young 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground
Prior studies have examined the use of liver function tests (LFT) for predicting the presence of common bile duct (CBD) stones in chronic cholecystitis (CC) patients. It is currently unclear whether LFT are also useful for predicting CBD stones in patients with acute cholecystitis (AC).Methods
Of 1059 patients who visited an emergency room with gallbladder‐related symptoms between March 2004 and December 2009, 854 patients were analyzed, and were divided into three groups (556 AC patients without CBD stones (AC – CBD), 98 AC patients with CBD stones (AC + CBD), and 200 CC patients without CBD stones). We compared the LFT values at admission and the changes in LFT values over time following admission among the three groups.Results
The LFT values were significantly greater in the AC + CBD group than in the AC − CBD groups. Of all the LFT variables analyzed, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase was the most reliable variable for predicting the presence of CBD stones, with a sensitivity of 80.6 % and a specificity of 75.3 % at the cut‐off level of 224 IU/L. The elevated LFT values decreased significantly from the start of the follow‐up assessment to before cholecystectomy in the AC − CBD group, but were unchanged before stone removal in the AC + CBD group.Conclusion
The LFT values on initial admission and the changes in LFT values over time are reliable predictors of CBD stones in patients with AC.
Changing the discourse on nuclear weapons: The humanitarian initiative
Authors: Minor Elizabeth 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article examines the progress of the humanitarian initiative to reframe the nuclear weapons discourse internationally. The initiative seeks to shift debate away from theories of strategic stability and towards a focus on the impact of nuclear weapons themselves. This effort has now gathered significant support at an international level, and its implications are increasingly recognized by both nuclear-armed and non-nuclear-armed States. The initiative has been underpinned by the deliberate logic of humanitarian disarmament. A treaty banning nuclear weapons, around which momentum is gathering, would be an achievable, legally coherent and logical next step developing from the initiative.
Community assembly and coexistence in communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Vályi Kriszta , Mardhiah Ulfah , Rillig Matthias C , Hempel Stefan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are asexual, obligately symbiotic fungi with unique morphology and genomic structure, which occupy a dual niche, that is, the soil and the host root. Consequently, the direct adoption of models for community assembly developed for other organism groups is not evident. In this paper we adapted modern coexistence and assembly theory to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We review research on the elements of community assembly and coexistence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, highlighting recent studies using molecular methods. By addressing several points from the individual to the community level where the application of modern community ecology terms runs into problems when arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are concerned, we aim to account for these special circumstances from a mycocentric point of view. We suggest that hierarchical spatial structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities should be explicitly taken into account in future studies. The conceptual framework we develop here for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is also adaptable for other host-associated microbial communities.
Exploring the Symbiodinium rare biosphere provides evidence for symbiont switching in reef-building corals
Authors: Boulotte Nadine M , Dalton Steven J , Carroll Andrew G , Harrison Peter L , Putnam Hollie M , Peplow Lesa M , van Oppen Madeleine J H 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Reef-building corals possess a range of acclimatisation and adaptation mechanisms to respond to seawater temperature increases. In some corals, thermal tolerance increases through community composition changes of their dinoflagellate endosymbionts (Symbiodinium spp.), but this mechanism is believed to be limited to the Symbiodinium types already present in the coral tissue acquired during early life stages. Compelling evidence for symbiont switching, that is, the acquisition of novel Symbiodinium types from the environment, by adult coral colonies, is currently lacking. Using deep sequencing analysis of Symbiodinium rDNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) PCR amplicons from two pocilloporid coral species, we show evidence consistent with de novo acquisition of Symbiodinium types from the environment by adult corals following two consecutive bleaching events. Most of these newly detected symbionts remained in the rare biosphere (background types occurring below 1% relative abundance), but one novel type reached a relative abundance of ~33%. Two de novo acquired Symbiodinium types belong to the thermally resistant clade D, suggesting that this switching may have been driven by consecutive thermal bleaching events. Our results are particularly important given the maternal mode of Symbiodinium transmission in the study species, which generally results in high symbiont specificity. These findings will cause a paradigm shift in our understanding of coral-Symbiodinium symbiosis flexibility and mechanisms of environmental acclimatisation in corals.
Trait changes induced by species interactions in two phenotypically distinct strains of a marine dinoflagellate
Authors: Wohlrab Sylke , Tillmann Urban , Cembella Allan , John Uwe 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Populations of the toxigenic marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium are composed of multiple genotypes that display phenotypic variation for traits known to influence top-down processes, such as the ability to lyse co-occurring competitors and prospective grazers. We performed a detailed molecular analysis of species interactions to determine how different genotypes perceive and respond to other species. In a controlled laboratory culture study, we exposed two A. fundyense strains that differ in their capacity to produce lytic compounds to the dinoflagellate grazer Polykrikos kofoidii, and analyzed transcriptomic changes during this interaction. Approximately 5% of all analyzed genes were differentially expressed between the two Alexandrium strains under control conditions (without grazer presence) with fold-change differences that were proportionally higher than those observed in grazer treatments. Species interactions led to the genotype-specific expression of genes involved in endocytotic processes, cell cycle control and outer membrane properties, and signal transduction and gene expression regulatory processes followed similar patterns for both genotypes. The genotype-specific trait changes observed in this study exemplify the complex responses to chemically mediated species interactions within the plankton and their regulation at the gene level.
Nuclear RNA-seq of single neurons reveals molecular signatures of activation
Authors: Lacar Benjamin , Linker Sara B. , Jaeger Baptiste N. , Krishnaswami Suguna Rani , Barron Jerika J. , Kelder Martijn J. E. , Parylak Sarah L. , Paquola Apuã C. M. , Venepally Pratap , Novotny Mark , O'Connor Carolyn , Fitzpatrick Conor , Erwin Jennifer A. , Hsu Jonathan Y. , Husband David , McConnell Michael J. , Lasken Roger , Gage Fred H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSingle-cell sequencing methods have emerged as powerful tools for identification of heterogeneous cell types within defined brain regions. Application of single-cell techniques to study the transcriptome of activated neurons can offer insight into molecular dynamics associated with differential neuronal responses to a given experience. Through evaluation of common whole-cell and single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) methods, here we show that snRNA-seq faithfully recapitulates transcriptional patterns associated with experience-driven induction of activity, including immediate early genes (IEGs) such as Fos, Arc and Egr1. SnRNA-seq of mouse dentate granule cells reveals large-scale changes in the activated neuronal transcriptome after brief novel environment exposure, including induction of MAPK pathway genes. In addition, we observe a continuum of activation states, revealing a pseudotemporal pattern of activation from gene expression alone. In summary, snRNA-seq of activated neurons enables the examination of gene expression beyond IEGs, allowing for novel insights into neuronal activation patterns in vivo.