bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of molecular clouds in the outer Galaxy with the highest spatial resolution
Authors: Matsuo Mitsuhiro , Minamidani Tetsuhiro , Umemoto Tomofumi , Nishimura Atsushi , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Kuno Nario , Fujita Shinji , Tosaki Tomoka , Tsuda Yuya , Yamagishi Mitsuyoshi , Kohno Mikito ,   the FUGIN team
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe report a recent result of the FUGIN project, a Galactic plane CO survey using the Nobeyama 45-m Telescope and the FOREST receiver. In the third galactic quadrant, 42 square degrees are observed and 4752 molecular clouds are detected. Among them, 12 clouds are located at R (distance from the Galactic center) > 16 kpc. Molecular clouds at R < 16 kpc trace the Local, Perseus, and Outer arms.
Investigation into the Origin of Age-Velocity dispersion Relation by High Resolution Simulation
Authors: Kumamoto Jun , Baba Junichi , Saitoh Takayuki R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe focused on the stellar age-velocity dispersion relation (AVR). We performed the N-body/SPH simulations to investigate the origin of AVR. As a results, we found that AVR is not consistent with simple stellar heating.
Structure and dynamics of the Milky Way disk as revealed from the radial velocity distributions of APOGEE red clump stars
Authors: Toyouchi Daisuke , Chiba Masashi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe investigate the structure and dynamics of the Milky Way (MW) disk stars based on the analysis of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) data, to infer the past evolution histories of the MW disk component(s) possibly affected by radial migration and/or satellite accretions. APOGEE is the first near-infrared spectroscopic survey for a large number of the MW disk stars, providing their radial velocities and chemical abundances without significant dust extinction effects. We here adopt red-clump (RC) stars (Bovy et al. 2014), for which the distances from the Sun are determined precisely, and analyze their radial velocities and chemical abundances in the MW disk regions covering from the Galactocentric distance, R, of 5 kpc to 14 kpc. We investigate their dynamical properties, such as mean rotational velocities, 〈Vφ〉 and velocity dispersions, as a function of R, based on the MCMC Bayesian method. We find that at all radii, the dynamics of alpha-poor stars, which are candidates of young disk stars, is much different from that of alpha-rich stars, which are candidates of old disk stars. We find that our Jeans analysis for our sample stars reveals characteristic spatial and dynamical properties of the MW disk, which are generally in agreement with the recent independent work by Bovy et al. (2015) but with a different method from ours.
Molecular gas in the outer disks of galaxies
Authors: Braine Jonathan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMolecular gas has still only been detected beyond the R25 radius in a few galaxies. Is this due to the low H2 content or to the difficulty of using Carbon Monoxide (CO) to trace H2? Similarly, star formation (SF) decreases sharply in the outer disks of spirals although HI is often plentiful; is the decrease in SF because there is little H2 or because the SF is very inefficient in the outer disk environment?Existing observations suggest that while outer disk clouds tend to be smaller (steeper mass function), their CO brightness temperature is only slightly lower than in the inner disk, at least when observed with sufficiently high angular resolution. In near-solar metallicity galaxies (Z ⩾ 0.5Zsol), the CO does not become intrinsically difficult to detect when H2 is present, even in the outer disk. While more observations of CO or other means of tracing H2 in the outer disks are necessary, current data tend to show that the SF rate per unit H2 remains approximately constant with galactocentric distance, indicating that the star formation proceeds normally but the transformation of HI into H2 is very slow in the outer disk.
Abundance Ratios in Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies
Authors: Sen Seyda , Peletier Reynier F. , Toloba Elisa , Mentz Jaco J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine abundance ratios and star formation histories (SFH) of dwarf ellipticals in the nearby Virgo cluster. We perform a stellar population analysis of 39 dEs and study them using index-index and scaling relations. We find an unusual behaviour where [Na/Fe] is under-abundant w.r.t. solar while [Ca/Fe] is over-abundant.
Erratum: Genomic reconstruction of multiple lineages of uncultured benthic archaea suggests distinct biogeochemical roles and ecological niches
Authors: Lazar Cassandre S , Baker Brett J , Seitz Kiley W , Teske Andreas P 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2017) 11, xx–xx; doi:10.1038/ismej.2016.189 The original published author list did not list first names. The correct author names are as follows: Cassandre S Lazar, Brett J Baker, Kiley W Seitz and Andreas P Teske.
Erratum: Riverbed methanotrophy sustained by high carbon conversion efficiency
Authors: Trimmer Mark , Shelley Felicity C , Purdy Kevin J , Maanoja Susanna T , Chronopoulou Panagiota-Myrsini , Grey Jonathan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2015) 9, 2304–2314; doi:10.1038/ismej.2015.98; published online 22 September 2015 Updated online 24 January 2017: This article was originally published under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, but has now been made available under a CC-BY 4.0 license. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.
A three-dimensional polyhedral unit model for grain boundary structure in fcc metals
Authors: Banadaki Arash Dehghan , Patala Srikanth 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOne of the biggest challenges in developing truly bottom-up models for the performance of polycrystalline materials is the lack of robust quantitative structure–property relationships for interfaces. As a first step in analyzing such relationships, we present a polyhedral unit model to classify the geometrical nature of atomic packing along grain boundaries. While the atomic structure in disordered systems has been a topic of interest for many decades, geometrical analyses of grain boundaries has proven to be particularly challenging because of the wide range of structures that are possible depending on the underlying macroscopic crystallographic character. In this article, we propose an algorithm that can partition the atomic structure into a connected array of three-dimensional polyhedra, and thus, present a three-dimensional polyhedral unit model for grain boundaries. A point-pattern matching algorithm is also provided for quantifying the distortions of the observed grain boundary polyhedral units. The polyhedral unit model is robust enough to capture the structure of high-Σ, mixed character interfaces and, hence, provides a geometric tool for comparing grain boundary structures across the five-parameter crystallographic phase-space. Since the obtained polyhedral units circumscribe the voids present in the structure, such a description provides valuable information concerning segregation sites within the grain boundary. We anticipate that this technique will serve as a powerful tool in the analysis of grain boundary structure. The polyhedral unit model is also applicable to a wide array of material systems as the proposed algorithm is not limited by the underlying lattice structure.
Bilirubin augments Ca2+ load of developing bushy neurons by targeting specific subtype of voltage-gated calcium channels
Authors: Liang Min , Yin Xin-Lu , Shi Hai-Bo , Li Chun-Yan , Li Xin-Yi , Song Ning-Ying , Shi Hao-Song , Zhao Yi , Wang Lu-Yang , Yin Shan-Kai 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNeonatal brain is particularly vulnerable to pathological levels of bilirubin which elevates and overloads intracellular Ca2+, leading to neurotoxicity. However, how voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are functionally involved in excess calcium influx remains unknown. By performing voltage-clamp recordings from bushy cells in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) in postnatal rat pups (P4-17), we found the total calcium current density was more than doubled over P4-17, but the relative weight of VGCC subtypes changed dramatically, being relatively equal among T, L, N, P/Q and R-type at P4-6 to predominantly L, N, R over T and P/Q at P15-17. Surprisingly, acute administration of bilirubin augmented the VGCC currents specifically mediated by high voltage-activated (HVA) P/Q-type calcium currents. This augment was attenuated by intracellular loading of Ca2+ buffer EGTA or calmodulin inhibitory peptide. Our findings indicate that acute exposure to bilirubin increases VGCC currents, primarily by targeting P/Q-type calcium channels via Ca2+ and calmodulin dependent mechanisms to overwhelm neurons with excessive Ca2+. Since P/Q-subtype calcium channels are more prominent in neonatal neurons (e.g. P4-6) than later stages, we suggest this subtype-specific enhancement of P/Q-type Ca2+ currents likely contributes to the early neuronal vulnerability to hyperbilirubinemia in auditory and other brain regions.
Combination of volume and perfusion parameters reveals different types of grey matter changes in schizophrenia
Authors: Xu Lixue , Qin Wen , Zhuo Chuanjun , Liu Huaigui , Zhu Jiajia , Yu Chunshui 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDiverse brain structural and functional changes have been reported in schizophrenia. Identifying different types of brain changes may help to understand the neural mechanisms and to develop reliable biomarkers in schizophrenia. We aimed to categorize different grey matter changes in schizophrenia based on grey matter volume (GMV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Structural and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in 100 schizophrenia patients and 95 healthy comparison subjects. Voxel-based GMV comparison was used to show structural changes, CBF analysis was used to demonstrate functional changes. We identified three types of grey matter changes in schizophrenia: structural and functional impairments in the anterior cingulate cortex and insular cortex, displaying reduction in both GMV and CBF; structural impairment with preserved function in the frontal and temporal cortices, demonstrating decreased GMV with normal CBF; pure functional abnormality in the anterior cingulate cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex and putamen, showing altered CBF with normal GMV. By combination of GMV and CBF, we identified three types of grey matter changes in schizophrenia. These findings may help to understand the complex manifestations and to develop reliable biomarkers in schizophrenia.
Augmented reality with image registration, vision correction and sunlight readability via liquid crystal devices
Authors: Wang Yu-Jen , Chen Po-Ju , Liang Xiao , Lin Yi-Hsin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAugmented reality (AR), which use computer-aided projected information to augment our sense, has important impact on human life, especially for the elder people. However, there are three major challenges regarding the optical system in the AR system, which are registration, vision correction, and readability under strong ambient light. Here, we solve three challenges simultaneously for the first time using two liquid crystal (LC) lenses and polarizer-free attenuator integrated in optical-see-through AR system. One of the LC lens is used to electrically adjust the position of the projected virtual image which is so-called registration. The other LC lens with larger aperture and polarization independent characteristic is in charge of vision correction, such as myopia and presbyopia. The linearity of lens powers of two LC lenses is also discussed. The readability of virtual images under strong ambient light is solved by electrically switchable transmittance of the LC attenuator originating from light scattering and light absorption. The concept demonstrated in this paper could be further extended to other electro-optical devices as long as the devices exhibit the capability of phase modulations and amplitude modulations.
Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels exhibit distinct transmembrane domain archetypes for folding/expression and function
Authors: Therien J. P. Daniel , Baenziger John E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough transmembrane helix-helix interactions must be strong enough to drive folding, they must still permit the inter-helix movements associated with conformational change. Interactions between the outermost M4 and adjacent M1 and M3 α-helices of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels have been implicated in folding and function. Here, we evaluate the role of different physical interactions at this interface in the function of two prokaryotic homologs, GLIC and ELIC. Strikingly, disruption of most interactions in GLIC lead to either a reduction or a complete loss of expression and/or function, while analogous disruptions in ELIC often lead to gains in function. Structural comparisons suggest that GLIC and ELIC represent distinct transmembrane domain archetypes. One archetype, exemplified by GLIC, the glycine and GABA receptors and the glutamate activated chloride channel, has extensive aromatic contacts that govern M4-M1/M3 interactions and that are essential for expression and function. The other archetype, exemplified by ELIC and both the nicotinic acetylcholine and serotonin receptors, has relatively few aromatic contacts that are detrimental to function. These archetypes likely have evolved different mechanisms to balance the need for strong M4 “binding” to M1/M3 to promote folding/expression, and the need for weaker interactions that allow for greater conformational flexibility.
Nano-silver-decorated microfibrous eggshell membrane: processing, cytotoxicity assessment and optimization, antibacterial activity and wound healing
Authors: Liu Menglong , Luo Gaoxing , Wang Yuzhen , Xu Rui , Wang Ying , He Weifeng , Tan Jianglin , Xing Malcolm , Wu Jun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn ideal wound dressing can both promote wound healing and prevent bacterial infection. Here, we report a potential dressing prepared by incorporating an optimized concentration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the microfibers of a natural eggshell membrane (EM) using environmentally friendly and mussel-inspired dopamine. Briefly, acid-treated EM was used as a porous membrane for polydopamine-reduced AgNPs synthesis. To obtain the optimal cytocompatible silver concentration, cellular attachment and MTT assay were performed with different concentrations of AgNPs. The morphology of the EM and AgNPs was confirmed by scanning electronic microscopy, scanning transmission electronic microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized EM/AgNPs exhibited steady and safe AgNPs release, which was further tested for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by disc diffusion method and bacterial suspension assay. Finally, in a murine full-thickness skin wound model, we found that EM/AgNPs could promote re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation and wound healing via enhancing cell proliferation, as demonstrated by the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and controlling inflammation response, as demonstrated by the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). These findings suggest that EM/AgNPs may have a promising application in wound management.
Early-Onset Progressive Retinal Atrophy Associated with an IQCB1 Variant in African Black-Footed Cats (Felis nigripes)
Authors: Oh Annie , Pearce Jacqueline W. , Gandolfi Barbara , Creighton Erica K. , Suedmeyer William K. , Selig Michael , Bosiack Ann P. , Castaner Leilani J. , Whiting Rebecca E. H. , Belknap Ellen B. , Lyons Leslie A. ,   99 Lives Consortium, Aderdein Danielle , Alves Paulo C. , Barsh Gregory S. , Beale Holly C. , Boyko Adam R. , Castelhano Marta G. , Chan Patricia , Ellinwood N. Matthew , Garrick Dorian J. , Helps Christopher R. , Kaelin Christopher B. , Leeb Tosso , Lohi Hannes , Longeri Maria , Malik Richard , Montague Michael J. , Munday John S. , Murphy William J. , Pedersen Niels C. , Rothschild Max F. , Swanson William F. , Terio Karen A. , Todhunter Rory J. , Warren Wesley C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAfrican black-footed cats (Felis nigripes) are endangered wild felids. One male and full-sibling female African black-footed cat developed vision deficits and mydriasis as early as 3 months of age. The diagnosis of early-onset progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) was supported by reduced direct and consensual pupillary light reflexes, phenotypic presence of retinal degeneration, and a non-recordable electroretinogram with negligible amplitudes in both eyes. Whole genome sequencing, conducted on two unaffected parents and one affected offspring was compared to a variant database from 51 domestic cats and a Pallas cat, revealed 50 candidate variants that segregated concordantly with the PRA phenotype. Testing in additional affected cats confirmed that cats homozygous for a 2 base pair (bp) deletion withinIQ calmodulin-binding motif-containing protein-1 (IQCB1), the gene that encodes for nephrocystin-5 (NPHP5), had vision loss. The variant segregated concordantly in other related individuals within the pedigree supporting the identification of a recessively inherited early-onset feline PRA. Analysis of the black-footed cat studbook suggests additional captive cats are at risk. Genetic testing forIQCB1and avoidance of matings between carriers should be added to the species survival plan for captive management.
Universal sensitivity of speckle intensity correlations to wavefront change in light diffusers
Authors: Kim KyungDuk , Yu Hyeonseung , Lee KyeoReh , Park YongKeun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHere, we present a concept based on the realization that a complex medium can be used as a simple interferometer. Changes in the wavefront of an incident coherent beam can be retrieved by analyzing changes in speckle patterns when the beam passes through a light diffuser. We demonstrate that the spatial intensity correlations of the speckle patterns are independent of the light diffusers, and are solely determined by the phase changes of an incident beam. With numerical simulations using the random matrix theory, and an experimental pressure-driven wavefront-deforming setup using a microfluidic channel, we theoretically and experimentally confirm the universal sensitivity of speckle intensity correlations, which is attributed to the conservation of optical field correlation despite multiple light scattering. This work demonstrates that a light diffuser works as a simple interferometer, and presents opportunities to retrieve phase information of optical fields with a compact scattering layer in various applications in metrology, analytical chemistry, and biomedicine.
Two-dimensional Turbulence in Symmetric Binary-Fluid Mixtures: Coarsening Arrest by the Inverse Cascade
Authors: Perlekar Prasad , Pal Nairita , Pandit Rahul 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe study two-dimensional (2D) binary-fluid turbulence by carrying out an extensive direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the forced, statistically steady turbulence in the coupled Cahn-Hilliard and Navier-Stokes equations. In the absence of any coupling, we choose parameters that lead (a) to spinodal decomposition and domain growth, which is characterized by the spatiotemporal evolution of the Cahn-Hilliard order parameterϕ, and (b) the formation of an inverse-energy-cascade regime in the energy spectrumE(k), in which energy cascades towards wave numberskthat are smaller than the energy-injection scalekin jin the turbulent fluid. We show that the Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes coupling leads to an arrest of phase separation at a length scaleLc, which we evaluate fromS(k), the spectrum of the fluctuations ofϕ. We demonstrate that (a)Lc ~ LH, the Hinze scale that follows from balancing inertial and interfacial-tension forces, and (b)Lcis independent, within error bars, of the diffusivityD. We elucidate how this coupling modifiesE(k) by blocking the inverse energy cascade at a wavenumberkc, which we show is ≃2π/Lc. We compare our work with earlier studies of this problem.
Vidatox 30 CH has tumor activating effect in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Giovannini Catia , Baglioni Michele , Baron Toaldo Marco , Cescon Matteo , Bolondi Luigi , Gramantieri Laura 
Published: March 2017

AbstractComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is the term used to describe many kinds of products, practices, and systems that are not part of conventional medicine. Cancer patients usually do everything they can to combat the disease, manage its symptoms, and cope with the side effects of treatment. Unfortunately, patients who use CAM underestimate the risk of interaction with cancer therapy or worse they omit conventional therapy thus reducing the possibility of cancer remission. Herein we analyzed the effects of Vidatox 30 CH (venom extracted from the Junceus Rhopalurus scorpion) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. We found out that Vidatox increases HCC proliferation and invasion whereas it does not seem to interact with sorafenib, the orally active multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results suggest that the concentration of Vidatox used in the present study has not anti-neoplastic effects and care must be taken in hiring Vidatox in patients with HCC.
The prognostic value of N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Lai Chih-Cheng , Sung Mei-I. , Ho Chung-Han , Liu Hsiao-Hua , Chen Chin-Ming , Chiang Shyh-Ren , Chao Chien-Ming , Liu Wei-Lun , Hsing Shu-Chen , Cheng Kuo-Chen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe investigated whether N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) predicts the prognosis of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Between December 1, 2012, and May 31, 2015, this observational study recruited patients admitted to our tertiary medical center who met the Berlin criteria for ARDS and who had their NT-proBNP measured. The main outcome was 28-day mortality. We enrolled 61 patients who met the Berlin criteria for ARDS: 7 were classified as mild, 29 as moderate, and 25 as severe. The median APACHE II scores were 23 (interquartile range [IQR], 18–28), and SOFA scores were 11 (IQR, 8–13). The median lung injury score was 3.0 (IQR, 2.50–3.25), and the median level of NT-proBNP was 2011 pg/ml (IQR, 579–7216). Thirty-four patients died during this study, and the 28-day mortality rate was 55.7%. Patients who die were older and had significantly (all p < 0.05) higher APACHE II scores and NT-proBNP levels than did patients who survived. Multivariate analysis identified age (HR: 1.546, 95% CI: 1.174–2.035, p = 0.0019) and NT-proBNP (HR: 1.009, 95% CI: 1.004–1.013, p = 0.0001) as significant risk factors of death. NT-proBNP was associated with poor outcomes for patients with ARDS, and its level predicted mortality.