bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRPC6 expression in neurons is differentially regulated by NR2A‐ and NR2B‐containing NMDA receptors
Authors: Qu Zhongwei , Wang Yuqing , Li Xia , Wu Lin , Wang Yizheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe expression of transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) in central nervous system (CNS) is important for neuronal functions and certain neural disorders. However, the regulatory mechanism of TRPC6 expression in neurons is still obscure. In this study, we show that TRPC6 expression in the primary cultured cortical neurons is bidirectionally regulated by glutamate. Activation of NR2A‐containing NMDARs induces TRPC6 transcription through a calcineurin‐dependent pathway. In contrast, activation of NR2B‐containing NMDARs causes TRPC6 degradation through calpain. Thus, TRPC6 expression in neurons is regulated by glutamate in a bidirectional manner that is dependent on NR2A and NR2B.
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Safety and effectiveness of mirabegron in patients with overactive bladder aged ≥75 years: Analysis of a Japanese post‐marketing study
Authors: Yoshida Masaki , Nozawa Yumiko , Kato Daisuke , Tabuchi Hiromi , Kuroishi Kentarou 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesA 12‐week post‐marketing study was conducted to provide real‐world data on Japanese patients with overactive bladder (OAB) initiating treatment with mirabegron. This post‐hoc analysis focused on safety and effectiveness of mirabegron in patients aged ≥75 versus <75 years.MethodsIncidence of adverse drug reactions (ADR) was assessed following 12 weeks’ mirabegron treatment. Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) and International‐Prostate Symptom Score Quality of Life (I‐PSS QoL) were completed at baseline and at the end of treatment (EoT). A reduction of ≥3 points in total OABSS was defined as a minimal clinically important change (MCIC).ResultsOf 9795 patients, a greater proportion aged ≥75 versus <75 years had a lower body mass index (BMI; BMI < 18.5: 4.2% vs 3.2%), longer OAB duration (≥3 years: 24.6% vs 20.3%) and more severe OAB symptoms (severe: 17.0% vs 11.2%). A significantly greater percentage of patients aged ≥75 versus <75 years had comorbidities (77.8% vs 66.0%) and used concomitant drugs (58.3% vs 48.7%; P < 0.001). Incidence of ADR was observed in 7.00% and 5.19% of patients aged ≥75 versus <75 years, respectively. At EoT, mirabegron treatment was reported ‘effective’ in 79.3% versus 82.1% of patients aged ≥75 versus <75 years, respectively. Mean total OABSS decreased significantly from baseline, and exceeded the MCIC in 61.0% and 65.9% of patients aged ≥75 and <75 years, respectively. Similar changes were observed for I‐PSS QoL in both groups.ConclusionsIn a real‐world clinical setting, mirabegron was well‐tolerated and effective in patients aged ≥75 and <75 years.
Colony‐level behavioural variation correlates with differences in expression of theforaginggene in red imported fire ants
Authors: Bockoven Alison A. , Coates Craig J. , Eubanks Micky D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAmong social insects, colony‐level variation is likely to be widespread and has significant ecological consequences. Very few studies, however, have documented how genetic factors relate to behaviour at the colony level. Differences in expression of theforaginggene have been associated with differences in foraging and activity of a wide variety of organisms. We quantified expression of the red imported fire antforaginggene (sifor) in workers from 21 colonies collected across the natural range of Texas fire ant populations, but maintained under standardized, environmentally controlled conditions. Colonies varied significantly in their behaviour. The most active colonies had up to 10 times more active foragers than the least active colony and more than 16 times as many workers outside the nest. Expression differences among colonies correlated with this colony‐level behavioural variation. Colonies with highersiforexpression in foragers had, on average, significantly higher foraging activity, exploratory activity and recruitment to nectar than colonies with lower expression. Expression ofsiforwas also strongly correlated with worker task (foraging vs. working in the interior of the nest). These results provide insight into the genetic and physiological processes underlying collective differences in social behaviour. Quantifying variation in expression of theforaginggene may provide an important tool for understanding and predicting the ecological consequences of colony‐level behavioural variation.
Natriuretic peptides in the control of lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity
Authors: Verboven K. , Hansen D. , Jocken J. W. E. , Blaak E. E. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryNatriuretic peptides have long been known for their cardiovascular function. However, a growing body of evidence emphasizes the role of natriuretic peptides in human substrate and energy metabolism, thereby connecting the heart with several insulin‐sensitive organs like adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver. Obesity may be associated with an impaired regulation of the natriuretic peptide system, also indicated as a natriuretic handicap. Evidence points towards a contribution of this natriuretic handicap to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiometabolic complications, although the causal relationship is not fully understood. Nevertheless, targeting the natriuretic peptide pathway may improve metabolic health in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review will focus on current literature regarding the metabolic roles of natriuretic peptides with emphasis on lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, it will be discussed how exercise and lifestyle intervention may modulate the natriuretic peptide‐related metabolic effects.
Validation of a novel CARTOSEG™ segmentation module software for contrast‐enhanced computed tomography‐guided radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Imanli Hasan , Bhatty Shaun , Jeudy Jean , Ghzally Yousra , Ume Kiddy , Vunnam Rama , Itah Refael , Amit Mati , Duell John , See Vincent , Shorofsky Stephen , Dickfeld Timm M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionVisualization of left atrial (LA) anatomy using image integration modules has been associated with decreased radiation exposure and improved procedural outcome when used for guidance of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. We evaluated the CARTOSEG™ CT Segmentation Module (Biosense Webster, Inc.) that offers a new CT‐specific semiautomatic reconstruction of the atrial endocardium.MethodsThe CARTOSEG™ CT Segmentation Module software was assessed prospectively in 80 patients undergoing AF ablation. Using preprocedural contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CE‐CT), cardiac chambers, coronary sinus (CS), and esophagus were semiautomatically segmented. Segmentation quality was assessed from 1 (poor) to 4 (excellent). The reconstructed structures were registered with the electroanatomic map (EAM). PVI was performed using the registered 3D images.ResultsSemiautomatic reconstruction of the heart chambers was successfully performed in all 80 patients with AF. CE‐CT DICOM file import, semiautomatic segmentation of cardiac chambers, esophagus, and CS was performed in 185 ± 105, 18 ± 5, 119 ± 47, and 69 ± 19 seconds, respectively. Average segmentation quality was 3.9 ± 0.2, 3.8 ± 0.3, and 3.8 ± 0.2 for LA, esophagus, and CS, respectively.Registration accuracy between the EAM and CE‐CT‐derived segmentation was 4.2 ± 0.9 mm. Complications consisted of one perforation (1%) which required pericardiocentesis, one increased pericardial effusion treated conservatively (1%), and one early termination of ablation due to thrombus formation on the ablation sheath without TIA/stroke (1%). All targeted PVs (n = 309) were successfully isolated.ConclusionsThe novel CT‐ CARTOSEG™ CT Segmentation Module enables a rapid and reliable semiautomatic 3D reconstruction of cardiac chambers and adjacent anatomy, which facilitates successful and safe PVI.
How active are young cardiac device patients? Objective assessment of activity in children with cardiac devices
Authors: de la Uz Caridad M. , Burch Ashley E. , Gunderson Bruce , Koehler Jodi , Sears Samuel F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe daily activity of pediatric patients with implantable cardiac devices provides behavioral evidence of functional outcomes. Modern devices provide continuous accelerometer data that are sensitive to movement, but normative values have not been published for pediatric activity rates. This study provides the first normative accelerometer data on activity rates in a large sample of pediatric cardiac device patients.MethodsPatients were between 3 and 18 years old (N = 1,905) and implanted with a cardiac device from a single device company, and enrolled in remote monitoring.ResultsThe median age at implant was 14 years (interquartile range = 12–16); 61.3% were male. Data for 4 weeks were extracted from a company database at 53 weeks postimplant and an average of daily activity was calculated. Daily average activity for all patients was 5.4 hours (standard deviation = 2.0). In a multivariate analysis, increased level of activity was associated with: being male, having a pacemaker versus implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), epicardial device location, rate response turned off, having experienced a shock, and younger age.ConclusionsThese results provide the first baseline data of physical activity in children with implanted cardiac devices and provide a clinical guide to physical activity assessment in this population. Further, our data suggest physical activity in children with implantable cardiac devices may differ based on demographic variables, device type, device location, indication for implantation, and history of ICD shock.
Dilatation of the ductus arteriosus by diazoxide in fetal and neonatal rats
Authors: Toyoshima Katsuaki , Momma Kazuo , Ishii Tetsuko , Nakanishi Toshio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundDiazoxide, an ATP‐sensitive potassium channel opener, is the main therapeutic agent for treating hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. The aim of this study was to determine the in vivo ductus arteriosus (DA)‐dilating effects of diazoxide in fetal and neonatal rats.MethodsNear‐term rat pups delivered via cesarean section were housed at 33°C. After rapid whole‐body freezing, the ductus arteriosus (DA) diameter was measured using a microscope and a micrometer. Full‐term pregnant rats (gestational day 21) were injected i.p. with diazoxide (10 and 100 mg/kg) 4 h before delivery, and the neonatal DA diameter was measured at 0, 30, or 60 min after birth. The newborn rats were also injected i.p. with diazoxide (10 and 100 mg/kg) at birth or 60 min after birth. DA was measured at 0, 30, or 60 min after injection. In the fetal investigation, the effect of diazoxide was studied via simultaneous application of indomethacin (10 mg/kg) and L‐nitroarginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) on gestational days 21 and 19.ResultsThe control rats had rapid postnatal DA constriction (diameter, 0.80 and 0.08 mm at 0 and 60 min after birth, respectively). Diazoxide had a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on postnatal DA constriction. Prenatal diazoxide (10 mg/kg) inhibited postnatal DA closure (0.20 mm at 60 min after birth). The diazoxide injection (10 mg) at birth inhibited postnatal DA closure (0.14 mm at 60 min after birth). Diazoxide injection in 60‐min‐old rats dilated the constricted DA at 60 min (0.10 mm vs. 0.02 mm in the controls). In the fetal investigation, diazoxide inhibited the fetal DA constrictive effect of indomethacin and L‐NAME.ConclusionDiazoxide attenuates postnatal DA constriction and dilates a closing DA in fetal and neonatal rats.
Behavioural responses to dimethyl disulphide by Aleochara bilineata and Aleochara bipustulata
Authors: Du Jing , Andreassen Lars D. , Holliday Neil J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAdult Aleochara bipustulata L. and Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are predatory on immature stages of cabbage root fly Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Larvae of the two Aleochara are parasitoids of D. radicum pupae. Female Aleochara lay eggs near D. radicum puparia; the newly‐hatched Aleochara larvae enter puparia and consume the contents. Delia radicum‐infested roots of brassicas give off dimethyl disulphide (DMDS). In the field, DMDS attracts adult Aleochara to pitfall traps but does not enhance the biological control of D. radicum. In the present study, we investigate the behavioural responses of the Aleochara to DMDS in still air, as well as in moving air in a Y‐tube olfactometer, and also investigate the influence of DMDS on host selection. In larvae of both Aleochara species, DMDS induces a restricted‐area search in still air, resulting in elevated frequencies of attack of D. radicum puparia close to a source of DMDS. In the olfactometer, newly‐emerged virgin adults of both sexes of both Aleochara species choose alternatives to DMDS, older recently‐mated females are attracted to DMDS, and older males and older mate‐deprived females show no preference. Mating status of males determines the switch of their response to DMDS from avoidance to indifference. We conclude that DMDS is an important cue for host‐finding, although other cues are involved in mate‐finding. We discuss the implications for use of DMDS to enhance D. radicum mortality and for parasitism of nontarget species if A. bipustulata is introduced to Canada for biological control of D. radicum.
Employment gains from minimum‐wage hikes under perfect competition: A simple general‐equilibrium analysis
Authors: Brecher Richard A. , Gross Till 
Published: September 2017

AbstractContrary to conventional wisdom, higher minimum wages may lead to greater levels of employment under perfect competition. We demonstrate this possibility in a simple general‐equilibrium model of involuntary unemployment, with two goods produced by two factors and consumed by two representative households. Within our model, hiking a minimum wage redistributes income between heterogeneous consumers. This redistribution may create an excess demand for the labor‐intensive good, and hence increase total employment to restore equilibrium, despite the fact that every firm becomes less labor intensive.
Involving institutionalised people with dementia in their care‐planning meetings: lessons learnt by the staff
Authors: Villar Feliciano , Celdrán Montserrat , Vila‐Miravent Josep , Serrat Rodrigo 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundApplying a person‐centred care (PCC) approach is an aspiration for many services attending people with dementia (PwD). However, the implementation and assessment of PCC practices represent a challenge to health professionals.AimTo evaluate the impact on staff of a programme aiming to involve people with dementia (PwD) in their individualised care‐planning (ICP) meetings in long‐term residential settings; specifically, to explore the lessons that staff perceived they had learned from the experience.MethodsTwenty‐one staff members working in residential facilities for older people were interviewed after the programme. Responses to two questions (‘Do you think that your work has been affected in any way by the attendance of PwD at ICP meetings?’ and ‘Have you learnt something new as a result of these meetings?’) were submitted to thematic analysis.ResultsEighteen of the 21 participants identified at least one lesson they had learned from the experience. The lessons could be grouped under three main headings: (i) an increase in their understanding of PwD, (ii) questioning of their own care practices, and (iii) an improvement in teamwork.ConclusionThe involvement of PwD in ICP meetings had a positive impact on staff. They stated that the experience encouraged them to develop PCC‐compatible attitudes and modify the way they treat PwD, thus improving the quality of care they deliver. The experience also seemed to empower staff (particularly the lesser trained members) and increase the cohesion of working teams.
Sacrifice in close relationships: Motives, emotions, and relationship outcomes
Authors: Righetti Francesca , Impett Emily 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRomantic partners often face situations in which their preferences, interests and goals are not well aligned—what is good for one partner is not good for the other. In these situations, people need to make a decision between pursuing their own self‐interest and sacrificing for their partner or the relationship. In this work, we discuss antecedents and consequences of sacrifice in close relationships. Specifically, we address when people are more likely to sacrifice, what are the motivations driving a sacrifice, and what are the affective consequences of this behavior for the person who makes the sacrifice (i.e., the actor), for the person who receives the sacrifice (i.e., the recipient), and for the relationship. We conclude by discussing important directions for future research on the implications of sacrifice for the well‐being of individuals and their relationships.
Aid, trade and migration: How do bilateral flows interact?
Authors: Menard Audrey , Gary Aurore 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper takes as its point of departure the European Commission's position, set out in 2005, which laid clear emphasis on aid and trade as tools for controlling immigration. We attempt to subject this position to empirical investigation. We exploit data on bilateral aid, trade and migration flows between developed and developing countries, for the period 2000–10, adopting an instrumental variable approach to address the endogeneity issue due to potential simultaneity bias. Our results establish that increasing aid and trade with developing countries is likely to fail to contain immigration, at least in the short run. The pattern of results is consistent with the hypothesis that promoting development in migrant‐sending countries, or cooperating with such countries to control migration outflows, is not sufficient to lessen immigration. Increasing visa restrictions and controls at borders is generally controversial; still, the results imply that policymakers cannot attain their short‐term immigration goals with the so‐called smart solutions of aid and trade.
Nonregenerative immune‐mediated anemia associated with a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in a captive jaguar (Panthera onca)
Authors: Keresztes Monika A. , Henrich Manfred , Baloi Penelope , Gerst Sascha , Rudnick Jens‐Christian , Langenstein Judith , Moritz Andreas , Bauer Natali 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn 18‐year‐old male castrated jaguar (Panthera onca) was presented with anorexia and continuous bleeding from the oral cavity after a history of fighting with the partner animal. Clinical evaluation revealed ulcerating lesions on the gingiva and hard palate and a hematoma on the tongue. Computed tomography of the head and endoscopic examination of the esophagus and stomach were unremarkable. Hematology and clinical chemistry revealed severe nonregenerative anemia, mild thrombocytopenia, and moderate azotemia. SeveralPCRs for feline hemotropic mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma haemofelis, M heamominutium, M turicensis),Babesia felis, andBartonellaspp., as well as an FeLVantigen test were negative. The cytologic examination of a bone marrow aspirate was consistent with ineffective erythropoiesis, most likely due to immune‐mediated destruction of the erythroid precursor cells. Prednisolone therapy was initiated (1.25 mg/kg/day), and theCBCreturned to normal 16 days after the initiation of the therapy. Anemia relapsed after 4 months and severe splenomegaly was noted. A repeat bone marrow aspirate revealed active erythropoiesis in the presence of erythroid precursor phagocytosis suggesting an immune‐mediated process. Splenic fine‐needle aspiration and tissue biopsies were taken, and all findings including histology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Five days later, the clinical condition deteriorated and the jaguar died. Histopathology following necropsy showed infiltration with neoplastic lymphoblasts in the spleen, liver, and abdominal lymph nodes. This case report describes a nonregenerative immune‐mediated anemia associated with a DLBCL in a jaguar.
Metabolic Roles of Uncultivated Bacterioplankton Lineages in the Northern Gulf of Mexico “Dead Zone”
Authors: Thrash J. Cameron , Seitz Kiley W. , Baker Brett J. , Temperton Ben , Gillies Lauren E. , Rabalais Nancy N. , Henrissat Bernard , Mason Olivia U. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Marine regions that have seasonal to long-term low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations, sometimes called “dead zones,” are increasing in number and severity around the globe with deleterious effects on ecology and economics. One of the largest of these coastal dead zones occurs on the continental shelf of the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM), which results from eutrophication-enhanced bacterioplankton respiration and strong seasonal stratification. Previous research in this dead zone revealed the presence of multiple cosmopolitan bacterioplankton lineages that have eluded cultivation, and thus their metabolic roles in this ecosystem remain unknown. We used a coupled shotgun metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approach to determine the metabolic potential of Marine Group II
Euryarchaeota
, SAR406, and SAR202. We recovered multiple high-quality, nearly complete genomes from all three groups as well as candidate phyla usually associated with anoxic environments—
Parcubacteria
(OD1) and
Peregrinibacteria
. Two additional groups with putative assignments to ACD39 and PAUC34f supplement the metabolic contributions by uncultivated taxa. Our results indicate active metabolism in all groups, including prevalent aerobic respiration, with concurrent expression of genes for nitrate reduction in SAR406 and SAR202, and dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonia and sulfur reduction by SAR406. We also report a variety of active heterotrophic carbon processing mechanisms, including degradation of complex carbohydrate compounds by SAR406, SAR202, ACD39, and PAUC34f. Together, these data help constrain the metabolic contributions from uncultivated groups in the nGOM during periods of low DO and suggest roles for these organisms in the breakdown of complex organic matter.

IMPORTANCE
Dead zones receive their name primarily from the reduction of eukaryotic macrobiota (demersal fish, shrimp, etc.) that are also key coastal fisheries. Excess nutrients contributed from anthropogenic activity such as fertilizer runoff result in algal blooms and therefore ample new carbon for aerobic microbial metabolism. Combined with strong stratification, microbial respiration reduces oxygen in shelf bottom waters to levels unfit for many animals (termed hypoxia). The nGOM shelf remains one of the largest eutrophication-driven hypoxic zones in the world, yet despite its potential as a model study system, the microbial metabolisms underlying and resulting from this phenomenon—many of which occur in bacterioplankton from poorly understood lineages—have received only preliminary study. Our work details the metabolic potential and gene expression activity for uncultivated lineages across several low DO sites in the nGOM, improving our understanding of the active biogeochemical cycling mediated by these “microbial dark matter” taxa during hypoxia.