bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auxetic Mechanical Metamaterials to Enhance Sensitivity of Stretchable Strain Sensors
Authors: Jiang Ying , Liu Zhiyuan , Matsuhisa Naoji , Qi Dianpeng , Leow Wan Ru , Yang Hui , Yu Jiancan , Chen Geng , Liu Yaqing , Wan Changjin , Liu Zhuangjian , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractStretchable strain sensors play a pivotal role in wearable devices, soft robotics, and Internet‐of‐Things, yet these viable applications, which require subtle strain detection under various strain, are often limited by low sensitivity. This inadequate sensitivity stems from the Poisson effect in conventional strain sensors, where stretched elastomer substrates expand in the longitudinal direction but compress transversely. In stretchable strain sensors, expansion separates the active materials and contributes to the sensitivity, while Poisson compression squeezes active materials together, and thus intrinsically limits the sensitivity. Alternatively, auxetic mechanical metamaterials undergo 2D expansion in both directions, due to their negative structural Poisson's ratio. Herein, it is demonstrated that such auxetic metamaterials can be incorporated into stretchable strain sensors to significantly enhance the sensitivity. Compared to conventional sensors, the sensitivity is greatly elevated with a 24‐fold improvement. This sensitivity enhancement is due to the synergistic effect of reduced structural Poisson's ratio and strain concentration. Furthermore, microcracks are elongated as an underlying mechanism, verified by both experiments and numerical simulations. This strategy of employing auxetic metamaterials can be further applied to other stretchable strain sensors with different constituent materials. Moreover, it paves the way for utilizing mechanical metamaterials into a broader library of stretchable electronics.
A Simple Procedure for the Synthesis of β‐Hydroxyallenamides via Homoallenylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Kim Byeong‐Seon , Gutierrez Osvaldo , Kozlowski Marisa C. , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA simple one‐pot synthesis of β‐hydroxyallenamides is reported. This procedure entails chemo‐ and regioselective hydroboration of 3‐en‐1‐ynyl‐sulfonylamides with Cy2BH followed by homoallenylation of aldehydes to yield β‐hydroxyallenamides (up to 94% yield and >20:1 dr). Controlled synthesis of up to three continuous stereochemical elements was realized. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest a concerted Zimmerman‐Traxler chair‐like transition state. Initial results suggest that enantio‐ and diastereoselective synthesis of β‐hydroxyallenamides with optically active hydroboration reagents is viable.magnified image
Exosome–Liposome Hybrid Nanoparticles Deliver CRISPR/Cas9 System in MSCs
Authors: Lin Yao , Wu Jiahua , Gu Weihuai , Huang Yulei , Tong Zhongchun , Huang Lijia , Tan Jiali 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTargeted delivery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) system to the receptor cells is essential for in vivo gene editing. Exosomes are intensively studied as a promising targeted drug delivery carrier recently, while limited by their low efficiency in encapsulating of large nucleic acids. Here, a kind of hybrid exosomes with liposomes is developed via simple incubation. Different from the original exosomes, the resultant hybrid nanoparticles efficiently encapsulate large plasmids, including the CRISPR–Cas9 expression vectors, similarly as the liposomes. Moreover, the resultant hybrid nanoparticles can be endocytosed by and express the encapsulated genes in the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which cannot be transfected by the liposome alone. Taken together, the exosome–liposome hybrid nanoparticles can deliver CRISPR–Cas9 system in MSCs and thus be promising in in vivo gene manipulation.
Liquid Exfoliated Co(OH)2 Nanosheets as Low‐Cost, Yet High‐Performance, Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: McAteer David , Godwin Ian J. , Ling Zheng , Harvey Andrew , He Lily , Boland Conor S. , Vega‐Mayoral Victor , Szydłowska Beata , Rovetta Aurélie A. , Backes Claudia , Boland John B. , Chen Xin , Lyons Michael E. G. , Coleman Jonathan N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIdentifying cheap, yet effective, oxygen evolution catalysts is critical to the advancement of water splitting. Using liquid exfoliated Co(OH)2 nanosheets as a model system, a simple procedure is developed to maximize the activity of any oxygen evolution reaction nanocatalyst. First the nanosheet edges are confirmed as the active areas by analyzing the catalytic activity as a function of nanosheet size. This allows the authors to select the smallest nanosheets (length ≈50 nm) as the best performing catalysts. While the number of active sites per unit electrode area can be increased via the electrode thickness, this is found to be impossible beyond ≈10 µm due to mechanical instabilities. However, adding carbon nanotubes increases both toughness and conductivity significantly. These enhancements mean that composite electrodes consisting of small Co(OH)2 nanosheets and 10 wt% nanotubes can be made into freestanding films with thickness of up to 120 µm with no apparent electrical limitations. The presence of diffusion limitations results in an optimum electrode thickness of 70 µm, yielding a current density of 50 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 235 mV, close to the state of the art in the field. Applying this procedure to a high‐performance catalyst such as NiFeOx should significantly surpass the state of the art.
Single (sub)species then and now: An examination of the nonracial perspective of C. Loring Brace
Authors: Smith Shelley L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractC. Loring Brace's writings on the concept of race have been among the most influential within anthropology. A review of the development of Brace's perspective on race shows that his philosophical approaches to fossil and modern human variation are consistent and integrated. Brace's views on race are compared with those of Ashley Montagu and Frank Livingstone, who also proposed eliminating “race” from anthropology, and with those of Stanley Garn and Alice Brues, who accepted “racial” subdivisions of humans. Carleton Coon's writings are more divergent; the aftermath of the publication of his Origin of Races highlights significant political tensions of the 1960s that intersected with scientific changes in anthropology emanating from the Evolutionary Synthesis. Recent forensic and “no race” positions are compared to explore their differences and the possibility of reconciliation, and the role of Brace and others in combating proposals of intellectual differences among human groups is discussed. While a spectrum of anthropological opinion regarding race exists, the commonalities are sufficient to allow valuable, united commentary emphasizing the complexity of modern human cultural and biological variation.
Participation, representation, and shared experiences of women scholars in biological anthropology
Authors: Turner Trudy R. , Bernstein Robin M. , Taylor Andrea B. , Asangba Abigail , Bekelman Traci , Cramer Jennifer Danzy , Elton Sarah , Harvati Katerina , Williams‐Hatala Erin Marie , Kauffman Laurie , Middleton Emily , Richtsmeier Joan , Szathmáry Emőke , Torres‐Rouff Christina , Thayer Zaneta , Villaseñor Amelia , Vogel Erin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAmerican Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA) membership surveys from 1996 and 1998 revealed significant gender disparities in academic status. A 2014 follow‐up survey showed that gender equality had improved, particularly with respect to the number of women in tenure‐stream positions. However, although women comprised 70% of AAPA membership at that time, the percentage of women full professors remained low. Here, we continue to consider the status of women in biological anthropology by examining the representation of women through a quantitative analysis of their participation in annual meetings of the AAPA during the past 20 years. We also review the programmatic goals of the AAPA Committee on Diversity Women's Initiative (COD‐WIN) and provide survey results of women who participated in COD‐WIN professional development workshops. Finally, we examine the diversity of women's career paths through the personal narratives of 14 women biological anthropologists spanning all ranks from graduate student to Professor Emeritus. We find that over the past 20 years, the percentage of women first authors of invited symposia talks has increased, particularly in the sub‐disciplines of bioarchaeology, genetics, and paleoanthropology. The percentage of women first authors on contributed talks and posters has also increased. However, these observed increases are still lower than expected given the percentage of graduate student women and women at the rank of assistant and associate professor. The personal narratives highlight first‐hand the impact of mentoring on career trajectory, the challenges of achieving work‐life satisfaction, and resilience in the face of the unexpected. We end with some suggestions for how to continue to improve equality and equity for women in biological anthropology.
Nasal valve evaluation in the Mexican‐Hispanic (mestizo) nose
Authors: Jasso‐Ramírez Elizabeth , Sánchez y Béjar Fernando , Arcaute Aizpuru Fernando , Maulen Radován Irene E. , de la Garza Hesles Héctor 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundOur aim in this study was to determine the angle of the internal nasal valve in Mexican patients with the “mestizo nose” feature and without nasal obstructive symptoms. The work was prospective, comparative, and observational in nature and included patients >14 years of age who were seen in the Otolaryngology Department at the Los Angeles Lomas Hospital between April and May 2016.MethodsThe angle of the internal nasal valve was measured in 30 patients without obstructive symptoms. Endoscopic examination was performed with a 0° endoscope framed with tape at a 13‐mm distance from the endoscope's tip, and digital photographs of the internal nasal valve were taken. The measurement of the angle of the internal nasal valve was made in sexagesimal degrees using Golden Ratio v3.1 (2012) software. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel v15.13.3.ResultsThe angles of the internal nasal valve of the patients were (mean ± standard deviation) 24.07 ± 4.8° for the right nasal cavity and 25.07 ± 5.0° for the left nasal cavity, wider than the angle reported in the normal Caucasian nose established in the literature.ConclusionsAccording to our results, the Mexican‐Hispanic mestizo nose has a wider angle in the internal nasal valve than that considered normal in the literature (10°‐15°). We believe it is necessary to undertake a second study and add an airflow resistance measurement with a rhinomanometry procedure so we can compare the results with those in the Caucasian population.
Reversible Redox Chemistry of Azo Compounds for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Chao , Xu Gui‐Liang , Ji Xiao , Hou Singyuk , Chen Long , Wang Fei , Jiang Jianjun , Chen Zonghai , Ren Yang , Amine Khalil , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSustainable sodium‐ion batteries (SSIBs) using renewable organic electrodes are promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries for the large‐scale renewable energy storage. However, the lack of high‐performance anode material impedes the development of SSIBs. Herein, we report a new type of organic anode material based on azo group for SSIBs. Azobenzene‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid sodium salt is used as a model to investigate the electrochemical behaviors and reaction mechanism of azo compound. It exhibits a reversible capacity of 170 mAh g−1 at 0.2C. When current density is increased to 20C, the reversible capacities of 98 mAh g−1 can be retained for 2000 cycles, demonstrating excellent cycling stability and high rate capability. The detailed characterizations reveal that azo group acts as an electrochemical active site to reversibly bond with Na+. The reversible redox chemistry between azo compound and Na ions offer opportunities for developing long‐cycle‐life and high‐rate SSIBs.
An organic‐inorganic heterogeneous catalyst based on Keplerate polyoxometalates for oxidation of dibenzothiophene derivatives with Hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Fareghi‐Alamdari Reza , Zekri Negar , Moghadam Ahmad Jamali , Hafshajani Khadijeh Tavakoli , Farsani Mostafa Riahi 
Published: January 2018

An organic‐inorganic material (NH4)2(MimAM)40[Mo132O372(CH3COO)30(H2O)72] have been synthesized by reacting [(NH4)42[MoVI72 MoV60O372(CH3COO)30(H2O)72] with the ionic liquid 3‐Aminoethyl‐1‐methylimidazolium bromide. The catalyst showed remarkably a high catalytic performance in the oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) derivatives with H2O2 35% as a safe and green oxidant. The main parameters affecting the process including catalyst, acid additive, hydrogen peroxide amounts and temperature have been investigated in detail. Sulfur removal of DBT in n‐heptane reached to 98.3% yield at 40 °C using 2.5 mmol H2O2 and 100 mg of (NH4)2(MimAM)40[Mo132O372(CH3COO)30(H2O)72] after 90 min. Under the optimal conditions, BT (benzothiophene), DBT (dibenzothiophene) and 4,6‐DMDBT (4,6‐dimethyl‐dibenzothiophene) achieved high desulfurization efficiency. Our results showed that the reactivity order of different model sulfur compounds are thiophene <4,6‐dimethyl dibenzothiophene< dibenzothiophene. The catalysts could be easily separated from the reaction solution by simple filtration and recycled for several times without loss of activity.
Mechanical recycling of nanocellulose containing multilayer packaging films
Authors: Vartiainen Jari , Pasanen Satu , Kenttä Eija , Vähä‐Nissi Mika 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to demonstrate mechanical recycling of low density polyethylene (LDPE) films coated with a thin layer of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). CNF acts as an effective barrier against oxygen and mineral oil residues. Two different CNF grades were tested, and both were applied onto plasma activated LDPE film using a pilot coating line. The coated films were shredded with the help of liquid nitrogen, compacted and compounded with virgin LDPE and compatibilizer, and processed into cast films and injection molded test specimens. The CNF coatings were completely blent as microscale agglomerates in the LDPE matrix. The effect of these agglomerates on the barrier and heat sealing properties was statistically insignificant compared to recycled uncoated LDPE. The mechanical properties were only moderately changed. CNF‐coated LDPE films can therefore be recycled back into films without sacrificing the characteristic properties of the base polymer. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46237.
Bioconversion of residual soybean oil into polyhydroxyalkanoates
Authors: Nascimento Luciana Lordêlo , Neves Nunes Jéssica Magalhães , Rodrigues Plínio Ribeiro , Druzian Janice Izabel 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to evaluate the bioconversion of residual soybean oil (RSO) into polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by selecting microorganism and fermentation condition in order to increase PHAs production. PHAs production by Cupriavidus necator IPT 026 using glucose (PHA 1) and RSO (PHA 2) as substrate is 1.15 ± 0.21 and 2.84 ± 0.04 g L−1, respectively. FTIR spectra of PHAs were similar to data reported in literature. PHAs presented low crystallinity (PHA 1: 42.69%; PHA 2: 46.44%), high thermal stability (PHA 1: 271.78 °C; PHA 2: 272.52 °C), and low MW (PHA 1: 140.69 kDa; PHA 2: 254.54 kDa). PHAs produced by RSO are potential candidates for industrial applications, especially ones that demand higher temperatures. This is the first study on the production and characterization of PHAs obtained by C. necator IPT 026 in culture with RSO. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46255.
A fluorescent aptasensor for analysis of adenosine triphosphate based on aptamer–magnetic nanoparticles and its single‐stranded complementary DNA labeled carbon dots
Authors: Saberi Zeinab , Rezaei Behzad , Khayamian Taghi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA new fluorimetric aptasensor was designed for the determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and carbon dots (CDs). In this analytical strategy, an ATP aptamer was conjugated on MNPs and a complementary strand of the aptamer (CS) was labeled with CDs. The aptamer and its CS were hybridized to form a double helical structure. The hybridized aptamers could be used for the specific recognition of ATP in a biological complex matrix using a strong magnetic field to remove the interfering effect. In the absence of ATP, no CDs–CS could be released into the solution and this resulted in a weak fluorescence signal. In the presence of ATP, the target binds to its aptamer and causes the dissociation of the double helical structure and liberation of the CS, such that a strong fluorescence signal was generated. The increased fluorescence signal was proportional to ATP concentration. The limit of detection was estimated to be 1.0 pmol L–1 with a dynamic range of 3.0 pmol L–1 to 5.0 nmol L–1. The specific aptasensor was applied to detect ATP in human serum samples with satisfactory results. Moreover, molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) studies were used to analyze interactions of the ATP molecule with the aptamer.
POCD in patients receiving total knee replacement under deep vs light anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hou Ruixue , Wang Hong , Chen Lianhua , Qiu Yimin , Li Shitong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesClinical observation, as well as randomized controlled trials, indicated an increasing rate of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) with increasing depth of general anesthesia. However, the findings are subject to bias due to varying degree of analgesia. In this trial, we compared the rate of POCD between patients receiving light versus high anesthesia while holding analgesia comparable using nerve block.MethodsElderly patients (≧60 years) receiving elective total knee replacement were randomized to receive the surgery under general anesthesia at BIS 40–50 (LOBIS group) or BIS 55–65 (HIBIS group). The femoral nerve and the sciatic nerve were blocked under ultrasonic guidance in all patients before induction. Cognitive performance was assessed with Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) at the baseline and 1d, 3d, and 7d after the surgery. POCD was defined by Z score of >1.96 using cross‐reference. The extubation time and recovery time were also compared.ResultsA total of 66 patients were randomized; 60 (n = 30 per group) completed trial as the protocol specified. POCD occurred in six patients (20%) in the LOBIS group vs. in one patient (3.3%) in the HIBIS group (Figure , p = .04). In all seven cases, the diagnosis of POCD was based on MoCA assessment on 1d after the surgery. Assessment in 3d and 7d after surgery did not reveal POCD in any case. Extubation time was longer in the LOBIS group (12.16 ± 2.58 vs. 5.77 ± 3.01 min in the HIBIS group (p < .001)). The time of comeback of directional ability was 13.47 ± 3.14 and 6.17 ± 3.23 min in the LOBIS and HIBIS groups, respectively (p < .001).ConclusionsIn elderly patients receiving a total knee replacement, lighter anesthesia could reduce the rate of POCD with complete analgesia during surgery.
Isocyanides Derived from α,α‐Disubstituted Amino Acids: Synthesis and Antifouling Activity Assessment
Authors: Inoue Yuki , Takashima Shuhei , Nogata Yasuyuki , Yoshimura Erina , Chiba Kazuhiro , Kitano Yoshikazu 
Published: January 2018

Herein, we contribute to the development of environmentally friendly antifoulants by synthesizing eighteen isocyanides derived from α,α‐disubstituted amino acids and evaluating their antifouling activity/toxicity against the cypris larvae of the Balanus amphitrite barnacle. Almost all isocyanides showed good antifouling activity without significant toxicity and exhibited EC50 values of 0.07 – 7.30 μg/mL after 120‐h exposure. The lowest EC50 values were observed for valine‐, methionine‐, and phenylalanine‐derived isocyanides, which achieved > 95% cypris larvae settlement inhibition at concentrations of less than 30 μg/mL without exhibiting significant toxicity. Thus, the prepared isocyanides should be useful for further research focused on the development of environmentally friendly antifouling agents.
A Chimeric Styrene Monooxygenase with Increased Efficiency in Asymmetric Biocatalytic Epoxidation
Authors: Corrado Maria L. , Knaus Tanja , Mutti Francesco G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe styrene monooxygenase (SMO) system from Pseudomonas sp. consists of two enzymes (StyA and StyB). StyB catalyses the reduction of FAD at the expense of NADH. After the transfer of FADH2 from StyB to StyA, reaction with O2 generates FAD‐OOH, which is the epoxidising agent. The wastage of redox equivalents due to partial diffusive transfer of FADH2, the insolubility of recombinant StyB and the impossibility of expressing StyA and StyB in a 1:1 molar ratio reduce the catalytic efficiency of the natural system. Herein we present a chimeric SMO (Fus‐SMO) that was obtained by genetic fusion of StyA and StyB through a flexible linker. Thanks to a combination of: 1) balanced and improved expression levels of reductase and epoxidase units, and 2) intrinsically higher specific epoxidation activity of Fus‐SMO in some cases, Escherichia coli cells expressing Fus‐SMO possess about 50 % higher activity for the epoxidation of styrene derivatives than E. coli cells coexpressing StyA and StyB as discrete enzymes. The epoxidation activity of purified Fus‐SMO was up to three times higher than that of the two‐component StyA/StyB (1:1, molar ratio) system and up to 110 times higher than that of the natural fused SMO. Determination of coupling efficiency and study of the influence of O2 pressure were also performed. Finally, Fus‐SMO and formate dehydrogenase were coexpressed in E. coli and applied as a self‐sufficient biocatalytic system for epoxidation on greater than 500 mg scale.
Successful implantation of a Micra leadless pacemaker via collateral femoral vein and inferior vena cava filter
Authors: Flores Erica , Patel Mayur , Orme Geoffery , Su Wilber 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageThis case details the successful implementation of a leadless pacemaker device in a patient with multiple venous occlusions and an IVC filter. As the incidence of IVC filters increases in patients with dysrhythmias, further investigations are required to determine the risk and safety of leadless pacemaker placement in this population.