bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical involvement of ZEB2 in collagen fibrillogenesis: the molecular similarity between Mowat-Wilson syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Authors: Teraishi Mika , Takaishi Mikiro , Nakajima Kimiko , Ikeda Mitsunori , Higashi Yujiro , Shimoda Shinji , Asada Yoshinobu , Hijikata Atsushi , Ohara Osamu , Hiraki Yoko , Mizuno Seiji , Fukada Toshiyuki , Furukawa Takahisa , Wakamatsu Nobuaki , Sano Shigetoshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMowat-Wilson syndrome (MOWS) is a congenital disease caused by de novo heterozygous loss of function mutations or deletions of the ZEB2 gene. MOWS patients show multiple anomalies including intellectual disability, a distinctive facial appearance, microcephaly, congenital heart defects and Hirschsprung disease. However, the skin manifestation(s) of patients with MOWS has not been documented in detail. Here, we recognized that MOWS patients exhibit many Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS)-like symptoms, such as skin hyperextensibility, atrophic scars and joint hypermobility. MOWS patients showed a thinner dermal thickness and electron microscopy revealed miniaturized collagen fibrils. Notably, mice with a mesoderm-specific deletion of the Zeb2 gene (Zeb2-cKO) demonstrated redundant skin, dermal hypoplasia and miniaturized collagen fibrils similar to those of MOWS patients. Dermal fibroblasts derived from Zeb2-cKO mice showed a decreased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, such as collagens, whereas molecules involved in degradation of the ECM, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), were up-regulated. Furthermore, bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis was attenuated in Zeb2-cKO mice. We conclude that MOWS patients exhibit an EDS-like skin phenotype through alterations of collagen fibrillogenesis due to ZEB2 mutations or deletions.
Asynchronous operation characteristics and soft‐starting method for the brushless doubly‐fed motor
Authors: Kong Ming , Wang Xuefan , Li Zhenping , Nie Pengcheng 
Published: April 2017

The brushless doubly‐fed motor (BDFM) is versatile and can perform under several modes of operation. Other than the commonly used doubly‐fed mode, BDFM can also operate in an asynchronous mode wherein the control winding of the motor is short circuited. The proposed study first analysed the mechanical characteristics of BDFM operation under this mode, whereby it was noted that there exist two induction torque components corresponding to different pole pairs within the motor. The motor, therefore, behaved as a conventional induction machine. Based on the above analysis and by introducing the concept of equivalent resistance of the machine‐side inverter, an asynchronous soft‐starting method for BDFM is proposed herein. By switching one side of the inverter bridge arms to the off state and adjusting the duty cycle on the other side, a controllable equivalent resistance is obtained and inserted into the control winding of BDFM. Consequently, the starting characteristic of BDFM can be improved to achieve soft start‐up of the motor. Finally, experiments were conducted on a 30 kW BDFM prototype, of which, the results verify the accuracy of the torque analysis and improved performance of the proposed soft‐starting method.
Metal-Free Oxidative C=C Bond Cleavage of Electron-Deficient Enamines Promoted by tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Pashazadeh Rahim , Gohari Seyed , Shahsavari Fatemeh 
Published: April 2017

A novel tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-promoted oxidative C=C double-bond cleavage of enamines is described. Heating a solution of an electron-deficient enamine in chlorobenzene at 80 °C in the presence of TBHP for two hours led to cleavage of the C=C bond. This study offers a new strategy to carry out C=O double-bond formation by the use of TBHP.
Hybrid Strategy for High-Risk Neonates with Interrupted Aortic Arch: A Can Well Worth Kicking?
Authors: Kapravelou Eva , Anderson David , Morgan Gareth 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe use of hybrid techniques to avoid neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass in high-risk individuals is well reported in the setting of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. We describe the use of that technique as a bridging procedure in high-risk neonates with an interrupted aortic arch. We report three cases where hybrid branch pulmonary artery banding and ductal stent implantation has been successfully used to defer complete repair, allowing recovery, maturity, and weight gain. This strategy may be considered for patients deemed at high risk for primary neonatal repair.
Structural features and lipid binding domain of tubulin on biomimetic mitochondrial membranes
Authors: Hoogerheide David P. , Noskov Sergei Y. , Jacobs Daniel , Bergdoll Lucie , Silin Vitalii , Worcester David L. , Abramson Jeff , Nanda Hirsh , Rostovtseva Tatiana K. , Bezrukov Sergey M. 
Published: April 2017

SignificanceTubulin has emerged as a highly unexpected component of mitochondrial membranes involved in regulation of membrane permeability. This discovery has reawakened interest in the nature of the tubulin–membrane interaction to answer a new question: How does tubulin, a cytosolic protein famous for its role in microtubule structure and dynamics, come to target mitochondrial membranes? Here, using a combination of five biophysical methods, we study peripheral binding of tubulin to biomimetic membranes of different lipid compositions. We conclude that tubulin distinguishes between lamellar and nonlamellar lipids through a highly conserved amphipathic binding motif. Specifically, α-tubulin targets cell and organelle membranes by sensing lipid-packing defects via an amphipathic α-helix, with broad consequences for both normal cellular function and disease.
Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex potentiates venous thrombosis in response to hypoxia
Authors: Gupta Neha , Sahu Anita , Prabhakar Amit , Chatterjee Tathagata , Tyagi Tarun , Kumari Babita , Khan Nilofar , Nair Velu , Bajaj Nitin , Sharma Manish , Ashraf Mohammad Zahid 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Hypoxia predisposes otherwise healthy individuals to venous thrombosis, but the underlying mechanism has been unclear. Our study revealed a causal role for nucleotide binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and IL-1β during hypoxia-induced venous thrombosis. We further show a direct association between NLRP3 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) during these conditions. Specific interventions within the hypoxia–HIF-1α–NLRP3–IL-1β axis in the venous milieu significantly reduced venous thrombosis in our animal model. Notably, we also observed modulation of similar pathways in patients diagnosed with altitude-induced venous thrombosis. Our study thus revealed thrombosis at high altitude to be centrally regulated by a complex network of coagulatory and inflammatory processes, critically linked through HIF-1α.
Necessitation and Justification in Kant’s Ethics
Authors: Timmons Mark 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This chapter offers an interpretation of Kant’s claim that hypothetical imperatives are analytic and categorical imperatives are synthetic. This distinction applies comfortably to propositions having subject/predicate form, but imperatives do not have that form. So in what sense can the distinction apply? The key to an answer is Kant’s notion of practical necessitation that is unpacked by reference to full rational agency. The chapter explains how the proposed interpretation of imperatives bears on the question of the justification of Kant’s fundamental moral principle, the categorical imperative that is featured in Section III of his 1785 Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, where it is important to distinguish epistemological questions about the truth, scope, and authority of practical statements.
Motive and Rightness in Kant’s Ethical System
Authors: Timmons Mark 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Kant distinguishes actions that conform to duty and are thus dutiful from an action’s moral worth. Moral worth, for Kant, depends on whether one’s sole and sufficient motive for a dutiful action is respect for the moral law. Kant’s well-known case of the shopkeeper who gives inexperienced customers correct change from the motive of self-interest, performs a dutiful action, but one lacking in moral worth. This example suggests that one’s motive does not affect the rightness or dutifulness of an action; that an action’s deontic status is independent of one’s motive (the independence thesis, IT). However, some interpreters of Kant argue that the respect for law motive is part of the content of the ethical duties featured in the 1797 Metaphysics of Morals (the motive content thesis, MCT). This chapter argues MCT is false, but that IT is also false because motives such as malice can affect an action’s deontic status.
Love of Honor, Emulation, and the Psychology of the Devilish Vices
Authors: Timmons Mark 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This chapter looks to the Lectures in Ethics for remarks about the psychology of the “devilish vices” of envy, ingratitude, and Schadenfreude. The question guiding this examination is this: is there a common underlying psychological account of the emergence of these vices? After developing Kant’s conception of the acquisition of the virtues, the focus is on each of the vices in question with the aim of explaining, against the background of virtue acquisition, how each of the devilish vices emerges. Virtue involves proper love of honor and emulation is an innate instinct whose proper role is to stimulate self-improvement by comparing oneself to select others. However, without a proper sense of honor that requires comparing oneself with the moral law, the self-other comparison involved in emulation can lead one to succumb to one of the vices. The conclusion is that there is a similar psychology underlying this cluster of vices.
Local pivotal strategies for sparse matrices
Authors: Duff I. S. , Erisman A. M. , Reid J. K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe consider local strategies for pivot selection, that is, where decisions are made at each stage of the factorization without regard to how they might affect later stages. They include minimum degree for symmetric matrices, Markowitz’ strategy for unsymmetric matrices, minimum fill-in, and simpler strategies. We discuss the inclusion of numerical pivoting. We consider taking advantage of sparsity in the right-hand side and of wanting only part of the solution.
Implementing Gaussian elimination with symbolic factorize
Authors: Duff I. S. , Erisman A. M. , Reid J. K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe discuss implementation techniques for sparse Gaussian elimination, based on analysis of the sparsity pattern without regard to numerical values. This includes a discussion of data structures for pivot selection, the use of cliques, and the use of both dynamic and static data structures. We examine the division of the solution into the distinct phases of reordering, symbolic factorization, numerical factorization, and solution, indicating the high efficiency with which these steps can now be performed.
Other sparsity-oriented issues
Authors: Duff I. S. , Erisman A. M. , Reid J. K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe consider solving a problem that is closely related to one that we have previously solved or whose parts have previously been solved. We study backward error analysis for sparse problems, obtaining entries of the inverse of a sparse matrix, sparsity in nonlinear problems, solution methods based on orthogonal transformations, and hybrid methods that combine iterative and direct methods.
The Effect of Rubric-Guided, Focused, Personalized Coaching Sessions and Video-Recorded Presentations on Teaching Skills Among Fourth-Year Medical Students: A Pilot Study
Authors: Tchekmedyian Vatche , Shields Helen M. , Pelletier Stephen R. , Pazo Valeria C. 
Published: April 2017

Problem
As medical students become residents, teaching becomes an expected and integral responsibility. Yet, training-for-teaching opportunities are lacking. In 2014, the authors designed a pilot study using rubric-guided, focused, personalized coaching sessions and video-recorded presentations to improve student teaching skills among fourth-year students at Harvard Medical School.

Approach
In 2014–2015, the authors recruited students from an elective on how to tutor preclinical students for the pilot, which consisted of four phases: a precoaching teaching presentation, a 30- to 45-minute coaching session, a postcoaching teaching presentation, and blinded reviewer ratings. Students’ pre- and postcoaching presentations were video recorded. Using a scoring rubric for 15 teaching skills, students rated their pre- and postcoaching videos. Blinded reviewers also rated the pre- and postcoaching presentations using the same rubric with an additional category to gauge their overall impression.

Outcomes
Fourteen students completed all four phases of the pilot. Students’ ratings demonstrated statistically significant improvement in several teaching skills, including presentation content (P < .001), rate of speech (P = .001), and opening statement and learning objectives (P = .004). Blinded reviewers’ ratings demonstrated statistically significant improvements in several teaching skills, including opening statement and learning objectives (P < .001), overall impression (P = .001), and conclusion and summary of learning objectives (P = .004). Students provided largely positive comments on the interventions.

Next Steps
The authors will work toward addressing limitations in the rubric, using coaching in different teaching settings, addressing the interventions’ generalizability, training coaches, and performing additional evaluations.
Distally Based Sural Artery Peroneus Flap (DBSPF) for Foot and Ankle Reconstruction
Authors: Ebrahiem Ahmed Ali , Manas Raj Kumar , Vinagre Gustavo 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Reconstruction of soft-tissue defects in lower third of leg, ankle, and foot has been a challenge and reconstructive surgeons have been trying to innovate different flaps. To solve this issue, we propose a distally based sural artery peroneus flap (DBSPF) in which we include superficial portion of the peroneus brevis muscle and its blood supply with the peroneal artery distally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome and its usefulness over conventional distal sural artery flap or other local options available.

Methods:
This is a case series of 20 patients that include a DBSPF that was done for defects around ankle, distal leg, and foot caused by trauma or tumor ablation within the period of June 2013 to March 2015 in Kasralainy Hospital, Cairo. All cases were evaluated according to flap vascularity, distal reach of flap, aesthetic outcome, and donor-site morbidity.

Results:
All flaps survived. One flap developed venous congestion that subsided spontaneously with limb elevation. The flap dimension ranged from 42 cm to 442 cm2, and it reached the midfoot easily. The pivot point was kept as low as 2–6 cm from lateral malleolus according to location of perforators. The ankle stability was maintained, and the desired aesthetic outcome was achieved.

Conclusions:
The DBSPF is an addition to the armamentarium in plastic surgery for defects around ankle, distal leg, and foot. It is an easy and swift procedure as compared with complex microsurgical reconstruction.
Predictors of Sleep Outcomes Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Preschoolers: Subjective and Objective Assessment of Outcome
Authors: Landry-Roy Catherine , Bernier Annie , Gravel Jocelyn , Beauchamp Miriam H. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
To investigate sleep and its predictors in preschoolers with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Participants and procedure:
The sample included 225 children, aged 18 to 60 months, divided into 3 groups: children with accidental mTBI (n = 85), children with orthopedic injury (n = 58), and typically developing children (n = 82). Retrospective reports of preinjury sleep and family functioning were obtained as part of a baseline assessment at the time of recruitment. Parental ratings of sleep problems were collected 6 months postinjury on the full sample, and actigraphy data were collected on a subset of children. Demographic, preinjury, and periinjury factors were examined as potential predictors of sleep outcomes.

Results:
No group differences were found in ratings of sleep problems or for nighttime sleep duration and sleep efficiency, as measured by actigraphy. Besides, preexisting sleep disturbances and brain injury resulting in alteration of consciousness were identified as predictors of poorer sleep in the mTBI group.

Conclusion:
Although mTBI did not result in group-level sleep disturbances 6 months postinjury, the findings suggest that premorbid and injury-related factors place some children at risk for poorer sleep after mTBI. These factors should be documented so clinicians can intervene early.
Outcomes Associated With Blast Versus Nonblast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury in US Military Service Members and Veterans: A Systematic Review
Authors: Greer Nancy , Sayer Nina , Koeller Eva , Velasquez Tina , Wilt Timothy J. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
To systematically review the literature on comparative clinical and functional outcomes following blast-related versus nonblast-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) among US service members and Veterans.

Design:
MEDLINE search (January 2001 to June 2016) supplemented with hand search of reference lists and input from peer reviewers.

Results:
Thirty-one studies (in 33 articles) reported on health outcomes; only 2 were rated low risk of bias. There was variation in outcomes reported and methods of assessment. Blast and nonblast TBI groups had similar rates of depression, sleep disorders, alcohol misuse, vision loss, vestibular dysfunction, and functional status. Comparative outcomes were inconsistent with regard to posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis or symptoms, headache, hearing loss, and neurocognitive function. Mortality, burn, limb loss, and quality of life were each reported in few studies, most with small sample sizes. Only 4 studies reported outcomes by blast injury mechanism.

Conclusions:
Most clinical and functional outcomes appeared comparable in military service members and Veterans with TBI, regardless of blast exposure. Inconsistent findings and limited outcomes reporting indicate that more research is needed to determine whether there is a distinct pattern of impairments and comorbidities associated with blast-related TBI.
The Deployment Trauma Phenotype and Employment Status in Veterans of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: Amick Melissa M. , Meterko Mark , Fortier Catherine B. , Fonda Jennifer R. , Milberg William P. , McGlinchey Regina E. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of comorbid mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression, termed the deployment trauma phenotype (DTP), and its constituent diagnoses' impact on unemployment status in a national cohort of veterans.

Setting:
Retrospective analysis of the comprehensive TBI evaluation, a Veterans Affairs-wide protocol for assessing TBI, employment status, and psychiatric impressions.

Participants:
The final data set consisted of 48 821 veterans.

Main Outcomes and Measures:
Frequency of mTBI, PTSD, and depression in isolation and combinations and their association with unemployment status.

Results:
Age- and education-adjusted risk ratios (RRs) showed that the mTBI-only group was the least likely to be unemployed, RR = 0.65 (0.59–0.71). By contrast, the greatest likelihood of unemployment was associated with membership in the DTP group, RR = 1.45 (1.36–1.56), and the comorbid PTSD and depression group, RR = 1.39 (1.27–1.52). Furthermore, the DTP was nearly 3 times more prevalent (16.4%) in this sample compared with comorbid PTSD and depression (5.7%), indicating that the DTP conveys risk for unemployment to a significantly greater number of individuals.

Conclusions and Relevance:
The comorbid and interactive conditions of PTSD, depression, and mTBI, rather than mTBI in isolation, were linked to significant risk for unemployment in this veteran cohort. These findings suggest that multifaceted assessments and interventions to improve postdeployment reintegration are needed.
Visual Outcomes and Local Control After Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma
Authors: Hamilton Sarah Nicole , Nichol Alan , Truong Pauline , McKenzie Michael , Hsu Fred , Cheung Arthur , Dolman Peter , Gete Ermias , Ma Roy 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
To review the outcomes of patients with optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSM) treated with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy.

Methods:
Patient characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were analyzed for all patients with primary and secondary ONSM treated from 2001 to 2012. Clinically significant visual acuity change was defined as a 2-line change on the Snellen eye chart from pre-fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy.

Results:
Forty-one patients were treated: 23 patients with primary ONSM and 18 patients with secondary ONSM. The median age at diagnosis was 56 years. The median visual follow up was 3.8 years and the median radiologic follow up was 4.4 years. At diagnosis, 36% had normal vision (20/20–20/40), 10% had mild impairment (<20/40–20/60), 20% had moderate visual impairment (<20/60–20/200), 27% had severe impairment (<20/200), and 7% had no light perception. Common acute side effects were headache (32%) and nausea (15%); 15% of patients required corticosteroids during stereotactic radiotherapy. Chronic toxicities included retinopathy (7%), pituitary dysfunction (13%), chronic ocular pain (5%), and cataracts (2%). Visual acuity was stable in 65%, improved in 27%, and decreased in 8% of patients. Visual fields were stable in 70%, improved in 21%, and reduced in 9%. Actuarial 5-year local control rates were 100% for primary ONSM and 88% for secondary ONSM. Actuarial 5-year visual preservation rates were 100% for primary ONSM and 86% for secondary ONSM.

Conclusions:
Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for primary and secondary ONSM was well tolerated and provides excellent local control and visual preservation. Longer follow up is required to determine the risk of late ocular and pituitary sequelae.
Increasing HDL-C levels with medication: current perspectives
Authors: Smit Roelof AJ. , Jukema J. Wouter , Trompet Stella 
Published: April 2017

Purpose of review
To date, observational studies have repeatedly demonstrated an inverse association between HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and cardiovascular outcomes. Although the efficacy of established HDL-modifying treatment strategies have been examined in multiple large-scale phase III trials, findings from these experimental studies conflict with the hypothesis that HDL-C levels are atheroprotective. In this review, we describe the trial evidence to date, and attempt to place these results in the broader context of recent hypotheses for the association between HDL-C levels and clinical outcomes.

Recent findings
Both translational and genetic studies are in line with the hypothesis that HDL-C levels do not hold causal importance for cardiovascular risk reduction. In addition to its possible role as a biomarker for other atherogenic lipoproteins, efforts should be made to elucidate HDLs’ role in lipoprotein flux, which is increasingly being linked to surrogate outcomes of importance to cardiovascular epidemiology. In the future, it will be of great importance to link this measure of HDL functionality to clinical endpoints.

Summary
Although trial evidence does not support an atheroprotective role of overall HDL-C plasma levels, HDL function/lipoprotein flux holds great promise for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.