bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Audiologists' Language and Hearing Aid Uptake in Initial Rehabilitation Appointments
Authors: Sciacca Anna , Meyer Carly , Ekberg Katie , Barr Caitlin , Hickson Louise 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The study aimed (a) to profile audiologists' language during the diagnosis and management planning phase of hearing assessment appointments and (b) to explore associations between audiologists' language and patients' decisions to obtain hearing aids.

Method
Sixty-two audiologist–patient dyads participated. Patient participants were aged 55 years or older. Hearing assessment appointments were audiovisually recorded and transcribed for analysis. Audiologists' language was profiled using two measures: general language complexity and use of jargon. A binomial, multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the associations between these language measures and hearing aid uptake.

Results
The logistic regression model revealed that the Flesch–Kincaid reading grade level of audiologists' language was significantly associated with hearing aid uptake. Patients were less likely to obtain hearing aids when audiologists' language was at a higher reading grade level. No associations were found between audiologists' use of jargon and hearing aid uptake.

Conclusions
Audiologists' use of complex language may present a barrier for patients to understand hearing rehabilitation recommendations. Reduced understanding may limit patient participation in the decision-making process and result in patients being less willing to trial hearing aids. Clear, concise language is recommended to facilitate shared decision making.
Melting dynamics of ice in the mesoscopic regime
Authors: Citroni Margherita , Fanetti Samuele , Falsini Naomi , Foggi Paolo , Bini Roberto 
Published: May 2017

Significance
The complete unfolding of the melting process, from the nucleation onset to the achievement of a bulk liquid structure, is not known to date for the timescales and the sizes of the heterogeneities involved. Here, we observe in ice the archetypal H-bonded molecular crystal, the evolution of solid/liquid interfaces generated by the absorption of a picosecond infrared pulse. The pulse delivers all of the energy needed for complete melting; therefore, the lattice is homogenously heated from within, above its melting temperature. The growth of liquid domains over distances of micrometers takes hundreds of nanoseconds and is orders of magnitude slower than vibrational dynamics.
Wild tobacco genomes reveal the evolution of nicotine biosynthesis
Authors: Xu Shuqing , Brockmöller Thomas , Navarro-Quezada Aura , Kuhl Heiner , Gase Klaus , Ling Zhihao , Zhou Wenwu , Kreitzer Christoph , Stanke Mario , Tang Haibao , Lyons Eric , Pandey Priyanka , Pandey Shree P. , Timmermann Bernd , Gaquerel Emmanuel , Baldwin Ian T. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Plants produce structurally diverse specialized metabolites, many of which have been exploited in medicine or as pest control agents, whereas some have been incorporated in our daily lives, such as nicotine. In nature, these metabolites serve complex functions for plants’ ecological adaptations to biotic and abiotic stresses. By analyzing two high-quality wild tobacco genomes, we provide an in-depth genomic study that directly associates genome evolution with the assembly and evolution of the nicotine biosynthetic machinery. These results demonstrate the importance of the interplay of gene duplications and transposable element insertions in the evolution of specialized metabolism biosynthetic pathways and illuminate how complex adaptive traits could evolve.
Can you t[æ]ll I’m from M[æ]lbourne?
Authors: Loakes Deborah , Hajek John , Fletcher Janet 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This study gives an overview of the merger of the dress and trap vowels before laterals, which occurs for some
speakers of Australian English in the state of Victoria (in the south-east of the country), as well as in some other varieties of
English. Research on this phenomenon in Australian English has been preliminary to date, but has uncovered some general tendencies
in distribution, as well as possible motivators for actuation and spread of the change. The aim of this paper is to describe and
orient the phenomenon in the context of English worldwide, and while we work with some illustrative experimental data, our aim is
not to provide a detailed quantitative sociophonetic perspective here. This paper further aims to illustrate the extent of the
variability seen in the Australian English community with respect to ongoing change.
Quantifying cross-linguistic influence with a computational model
Authors: Matusevych Yevgen , Alishahi Afra , Backus Ad 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Cross-linguistic influence (CLI) is one of the key phenomena in bilingual and second language learning. We propose a method for quantifying CLI in the use of linguistic constructions with the help of a computational model, which acquires constructions in two languages from bilingual input. We focus on the acquisition of case-marking cues in Russian and German and simulate two experiments that employ a picture-choice task tapping into the mechanisms of sentence interpretation. Our model yields behavioral patterns similar to human, and these patterns can be explained by the amount of CLI: the negative CLI in high amounts leads to the misinterpretation of participant roles in Russian and German object-verb-subject sentences. Finally, we make two novel predictions about the acquisition of case-marking cues in Russian and German. Most importantly, our simulations suggest that the high degree of positive CLI may facilitate the interpretation of object-verb-subject sentences.
Evaluation of acceptor selectivity of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis trehalose 6-phosphate phosphorylase in the reverse phosphorolysis and synthesis of a new sugar phosphate
Authors: Taguchi Yodai , Saburi Wataru , Imai Ryozo , Mori Haruhide 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate phosphorylase (TrePP), a member of glycoside hydrolase family 65, catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) with inversion of the anomeric configuration to produce β-d-glucose 1-phosphate (β-Glc1P) and d-glucose 6-phosphate (Glc6P). TrePP in Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (LlTrePP) is, alongside the phosphotransferase system, involved in the metabolism of trehalose. In this study, recombinant LlTrePP was produced and characterized. It showed its highest reverse phosphorolytic activity at pH 4.8 and 40°C, and was stable in the pH range 5.0–8.0 and at up to 30°C. Kinetic analyses indicated that reverse phosphorolysis of Tre6P proceeded through a sequential bi bi mechanism involving the formation of a ternary complex of the enzyme, β-Glc1P, and Glc6P. Suitable acceptor substrates were Glc6P, and, at a low level, d-mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P). From β-Glc1P and Man6P, a novel sugar phosphate, α-d-Glcp-(1↔1)-α-d-Manp6P, was synthesized with 51% yield.
Rotation and toroidal magnetic field effects on the stability of two-component jets
Authors: Millas Dimitrios , Keppens Rony , Meliani Zakaria 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Several observations of astrophysical jets show evidence of a structure in the direction perpendicular to the jet axis, leading to the development of ‘spine and sheath' models of jets. Most studies focus on a two-component jet consisting of a highly relativistic inner jet and a slower – but still relativistic – outer jet surrounded by an unmagnetized environment. These jets are believed to be susceptible to a relativistic Rayleigh–Taylor-type instability, depending on the effective inertia ratio of the two components. We extend previous studies by taking into account the presence of a non-zero toroidal magnetic field. Different values of magnetization are examined to detect possible differences in the evolution and stability of the jet. We find that the toroidal field, above a certain level of magnetization σ, roughly equal to 0.01, can stabilize the jet against the previously mentioned instabilities and that there is a clear trend in the behaviour of the average Lorentz factor and the effective radius of the jet when we continuously increase the magnetization. The simulations are performed using the relativistic MHD module from the open source, parallel, grid adaptive, mpi-amrvac code.
The first Baade–Wesselink analysis of Blazhko RR Lyrae stars: discrepancies between photometrically and spectroscopically determined radius variations
Authors: Jurcsik J. , Hajdu G. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic observations of the RR Lyrae variables in the globular cluster, M3, published in Jurcsik et al. (2017, Paper I) made it possible to perform Baade–Wesselink (BW) analysis of a large sample of Blazhko stars for the first time. The BW distances of Blazhko stars turned out to be unreliable, as significantly different distances were obtained for the stars of the Blazhko sample and also for the same star in different modulation phases. Even the results of small modulation–amplitude Blazhko stars may be doubtful. This result warns that the application of the BW method to Blazhko stars is not trustworthy. Keeping the distance fixed for each Blazhko star in each modulation phase, a significant difference between the spectroscopic and the photometric radius (Rsp, Rph) variations is detected. The phase and amplitude variations of Rsp follow the changes of the light curve during the Blazhko cycle but the Rph curve seems to be not (or only marginally) affected by the modulation. The asynchronous behaviour of Rsp and Rph supports the interpretation of the Blazhko effect as a depth-dependent phenomenon, as the spectroscopic radius variation reflects the radial displacement of the line-forming region high in the atmosphere, while the photospheric radius variation is derived from the information of the observed visual-band light emitted mostly by the lower photosphere. The stability of Rph may be interpreted as a strong argument against the non-radial-mode explanation of the Blazhko phenomenon.
Practice Patterns for Neurosurgical Utilization and Outcome in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trials 1 and 2 Studies
Authors: Guo Rui , Blacker David J. , Wang Xia , Arima Hisatomi , Lavados Pablo M. , Lindley Richard I. , Chalmers John , Anderson Craig S. , Robinson Thompson ,   INTERACT Investigators
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The prognosis in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is related to hematoma volume, where >30 mL is commonly used to define large ICH as a threshold for neurosurgical decompression but without clear supporting evidence.

OBJECTIVES
To determine the factors associated with large ICH and neurosurgical intervention among participants of the Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trials (INTERACT).

METHODS
We performed pooled analysis of the pilot INTERACT1 (n = 404) and main INTERACT2 (n = 2839) studies of ICH patients (<6 h of onset) with elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP, 150-220 mm Hg) who were randomized to intensive (target SBP < 140 mm Hg) or contemporaneous guideline-recommended (target SBP < 180 mm Hg) management. Neurosurgical intervention data were collected at 7 d postrandomization. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations.

RESULTS
There were 372 (13%) patients with large ICH volume (>30 mL), which was associated with nonresiding in China, nondiabetic status, severe neurological deficit (National Institutes of Health stroke scale [NIHSS] score ≥ 15), lobar location, intraventricular hemorrhage extension, raised leucocyte count, and hyponatremia. Significant predictors of those patients who underwent surgery (226 of 3233 patients overall; 83 of 372 patients with large ICH) were younger age, severe neurological deficit (lower Glasgow coma scale score, and NIHSS score ≥ 15), baseline ICH volume > 30 mL, and intraventricular hemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONS
Early identification of severe ICH, based on age and clinical and imaging parameters, may facilitate neurosurgery and intensive monitoring of patients.
Early Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis After Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Frisoli Fabio A , Shinseki Matthew , Nwabuobi Lynda , Zeng Xiaopei L , Adrados Murillo , Kanter Carolyn , Frangos Spiros G , Huang Paul P 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Venous thromboembolism is a common complication of traumatic brain injury with an estimated incidence of 25% when chemoprophylaxis is delayed. The timing of initiating prophylaxis is controversial given the concern for hemorrhage expansion.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the safety of initiating venous thromboembolic event (VTE) chemoprophylaxis within 24 h of presentation.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage presenting to a level I trauma center. Patients receiving early chemoprophylaxis (<24 h) were compared to the matched cohort of patients who received heparin in a delayed fashion (>48 h). The primary outcome of the study was radiographic expansion of the intracranial hemorrhage. Secondary outcomes included VTE, use of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, delayed decompressive surgery, and all-cause mortality.

RESULTS
Of 282 patients, 94 (33%) received chemoprophylaxis within 24 h of admission. The cohorts were evenly matched across all variables. The primary outcome occurred in 18% of patients in the early cohort compared to 17% in the delayed cohort (P = .83). Fifteen patients (16%) in the early cohort underwent an invasive procedure in a delayed fashion; this compares to 35 patients (19%) in the delayed cohort (P = .38). Five patients (1.7%) in our study had a VTE during their hospitalization; 2 of these patients received early chemoprophylaxis (P = .75). The rate of mortality from all causes was similar in both groups.

CONCLUSION
Early (<24 h) initiation of VTE chemoprophylaxis in patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage appears to be safe. Further prospective studies are needed to validate this finding.
Early Postoperative Complications for Elderly Patients Undergoing Single-Level Decompression for Lumbar Disc Herniation, Ligamentous Hypertrophy, or Neuroforaminal Stenosis
Authors: Prabhu Arpan V , Lieber Bryan A , Henry Jenson K , Agarwal Nitin , Tabbosha Monir , Okonkwo David O 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Lumbar decompression for disc herniation is frequently performed on elderly patients, and this trend will continue as the population ages. Clinical reports on the complications of lumbar discectomy show good results and cost effectiveness in young or middle-aged patients.

OBJECTIVE
To assess and compare the morbidity of single-level lumbar disc surgery for radicular pain in a cohort of patients greater than 80 yr of age to that of a middle-aged cohort.

METHODS
A total of 9451 patients who received a single-level lumbar decompression procedure for disc displacement without myelopathy were retrospectively selected from a multicenter validated surgical database from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. A cohort with 485 patients greater than 80 yr of age (80+) was compared with a middle-aged cohort with 8966 patients between 45 and 65 yr. Preoperative comorbidity and postoperative outcome variables observed included mortality, myocardial infarction, return to the operating room, sepsis, deep vein thrombosis, transfusions, cardiac arrest necessitating cardiopulmonary resuscitation, coma greater than 24 h, urinary tract infection, acute renal failure, use of ventilator greater than 24 h, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, wound dehiscence, and postoperative infection.

RESULTS
The preoperative comorbidities and characteristics were significantly different between the middle-aged and the 80+ cohorts, with the older cohort having many more preoperative comorbidities. There was statistically significantly greater postoperative morbidity among the 80+ cohort regarding pulmonary embolism (0.8% vs 0.2%, P = .037), intra/postoperative transfusion requirement (1.9% vs 0.7%, P = .01), urinary tract infection (1.2% vs 0.3%, P = .011), and 30-d mortality (0.4% vs 0.1%, P = .046).

CONCLUSION
In this large sample of patients who received a single-level lumbar decompression procedure for disc displacement without myelopathy, elderly patients, particularly with American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 and 4, had a statistically significant increase in morbidity and mortality, but the overall risk of complications remains low.
A young man with recurrent paralysis
Authors: Chavez Magdalena , Williams Jeffrey 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Hypokalemia can cause reactions from mild muscular cramping to life-threatening paralysis and cardiac dysrhythmias. This article describes a patient whose unusual, recurrent muscular symptoms and electrolyte abnormalities were eventually identified as Gitelman syndrome, a rare genetic disorder resulting in severe refractory hypokalemia.
Immunotherapy for lung cancer
Authors: Vafadar Sam 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Lung cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States and the top cause of cancer-related mortality in men and women. Despite advances in chemotherapy, molecular therapies, and CT screening, overall survival remains dismal. Additional options and a new treatment paradigm are needed. This article focuses on immunotherapy, a promising new approach targeted at the PD-1 inhibition pathway.
Brief Psychological Screening Questions Can be Useful for Ruling Out Psychological Conditions in Patients With Chronic Pain
Authors: Vaegter Henrik B. , Handberg Gitte , Kent Peter 
Published: May 2017

Objectives:
Psychological symptoms are highly prevalent in chronic pain patients. Timely and accurate identification may enable individualized treatment and improve outcomes. The aims of this study were to (1) investigate the concurrent validity of brief psychological screening questions assessing anxiety, fear of movement, stress, pain catastrophization, and depression in chronic pain patients, and (2) to determine screening question cut-points at which the likely probability of having these psychological states was <10%.

Materials and Methods:
Responses to 1-item or 2-item screening questions within each of these 5 psychological constructs were compared with those of validated full-length questionnaires in 894 patients with diverse chronic pain conditions.

Results:
Compared with scores from full-length questionnaires, brief screening question scores had correlations between 0.54 and 0.66, and area under the curve between 0.79 and 0.83. At the dichotomized threshold scores that we chose, the posttest probability after a negative test result ranged from 6.5% to 8.6% for all these psychological constructs, except fear of movement. The pretest probability was so high (70%) for fear of movement that no threshold resulted in a posttest probability (negative test result) that was below 10%.

Discussion:
Use of these screening tests and scoring thresholds would have correctly identified that between 38.5% and 60.5% of the sample were unlikely to have these psychological states (true negatives), with a false-negative rate between 3.4% and 5.3%. This would allow clinicians to focus on whether there are other patient attributes in those patients requiring more thorough investigation using comprehensive validated questionnaires or structured clinical interviews.
Prevention of Trastuzumab and Anthracycline-induced Cardiotoxicity Using Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors or β-blockers in Older Adults With Breast Cancer
Authors: Wittayanukorn Saranrat , Qian Jingjing , Westrick Salisa C. , Billor Nedret , Johnson Brandon , Hansen Richard A. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
Although clinical trials have provided some data on the benefit of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or β-blockers (BBs) in patients with chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, evidence of ACEIs/BBs on prevention of trastuzumab and/or anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity outside trials is limited.

Materials and Methods:
A cohort study of 142,990 women (66 y and above) newly diagnosed with breast cancer from 2001 to 2009 was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare–linked database. The ACEI/BB exposure was defined as filled prescription(s) before or after the initiation of trastuzumab/anthracyclines. The nonexposed group was defined as those who had never been prescribed ACEIs/BBs. Cumulative rates of cardiotoxicity and all-cause mortality were estimated and marginal structural Cox models were used to determine factors associated with cardiotoxicity and all-cause mortality adjusting for baseline covariates and use of chemotherapy. All statistical tests were 2 sided.

Results:
The final sample included 6542 women. Adjusted hazard ratio for cardiotoxicity and all-cause mortality for the ACEI/BB exposed group were 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.95) and 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.90) compared with the nonexposed group, respectively. Starting ACEIs/BBs≤6 months after the initiation of trastuzumab/anthracyclines and having exposed duration≥6 months were also associated with decreased risk of cardiotoxicity and all-cause mortality. Baseline characteristics, including age, non-Hispanic black, advanced cancer, region, comorbidity, preexisting cardiovascular conditions, lower socioeconomic status, and concomitant treatment were significantly associated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality and/or cardiotoxicity (all P<0.05).

Conclusions:
ACEIs/BBs show favorable effects on preventing cardiotoxicity and improving survival in female breast cancer patients undergoing trastuzumab/anthracycline treatment.
Interbrachial Pinch by Trapezius Transfer in Amyoplasia Congenita: A Case Report
Authors: Thione Alessandro , Cavadas Pedro C. , Espadero Alberto Perez , Rubi Carlo G. 
Published: May 2017

Summary:
Amyoplasia congenita, or “classic distal arthrogryposis,” is the most common disorder among the congenital, non-progressive, multiple joint contractural conditions named arthrogryposis. The cause remains unknown, and it occurs sporadically. Abnormal neurological examination indicates that movement in utero was diminished as a result of an abnormality of the central or peripheral nervous system, the motor end plate, or muscle. The absence of central neural pathology indicates the origin in akinetic fetal condition. Three weeks are enough to cause muscle weakness and joint fibrosis. Joint contractures in amyoplasia are often rigid and refractory to nonoperative treatment such as passive stretching. Surgery is focused on each patient's need respecting adaptive maneuvers to accomplish daily tasks. We present a case in which pectoral major muscle had no strength for pinching; a trapezius muscle transfer was planned to obtain an interbrachial pinch useful for grasping.