bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The utility of linked cancer registry and health administration data for describing system‐wide outcomes and research: a BreastScreen example
Authors: Buckley Elizabeth S , Sullivan Tom , Farshid Gelareh , Hiller Janet E , Roder David M 
Published: March 2016

SummaryRationale, aims and objectivesStratification of women with screen‐detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer (IBC) could assist treatment planning and selection of surveillance protocols that accord with risk. We assessed the utility of routinely collected administrative data for stratifying by IBC risk following DCIS detection in a population‐based screening programme to inform ongoing surveillance protocols.MethodsA retrospective cohort design was used, employing linked data from the South Australian breast screening programme and cancer registry. Women entered the study at screening commencement and were followed until IBC diagnosis, death or end of the study period (1 December 2010), whichever came first. Routinely collected administrative data were analyzed to identify predictors of invasive breast cancer.ResultsProportional hazards regression confirmed that the DCIS cohort had an elevated risk of IBC after adjustment for relevant confounders (HR = 4.0 (95% CL 3.4, 4.8)), which accorded with previous study results. Within the DCIS cohort, conservative breast surgery and earlier year of screening commencement were both predictive of an elevated invasive breast cancer risk.ConclusionsThese linked cancer registry and administrative data gave plausible estimates of IBC risk following DCIS diagnosis, but were limited in coverage of key items for further risk stratification. It is important that the research utility of administrative datasets is maximized in their design phase in collaboration with researchers.
A phase 3, open‐label study of daclatasvir plus asunaprevir in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection who are ineligible for or intolerant to interferon alfa therapies with or without ribavirin
Authors: Wei Lai , Zhang Mingxiang , Xu Min , Chuang Wan‐Long , Lu Wei , Xie Wen , Jia Zhansheng , Gong Guozhong , Li Yueqi , Bae Si Hyun , Yang Yong‐Feng , Xie Qing , Lin Shumei , Chen Xinyue , Niu Junqi , Jia Jidong , Garimella Tushar , Torbeyns Anne , McPhee Fiona , Treitel Michelle , Yin Philip D. , Mo Ling 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground and AimDaclatasvir plus asunaprevir has demonstrated efficacy and safety in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection. This study focused on evaluating daclatasvir plus asunaprevir in interferon (±ribavirin)‐ineligible or ‐intolerant Asian patients with genotype 1b infection from mainland China, Korea, and Taiwan.MethodsInterferon (±ribavirin)‐ineligible and ‐intolerant patients with genotype 1b infection received daclatasvir 60 mg tablets once daily plus asunaprevir 100 mg soft capsules twice daily for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response at post‐treatment week 24 (SVR24).ResultsOf the 159 patients treated, 89.3% were Chinese, 65.4% were female, and 73.6% were interferon‐intolerant. Cirrhosis was present in 32.7% of patients, and 40.3% had IL28B non‐CC genotypes. SVR24 was achieved by 145/159 (91.2%) patients (100% concordance with SVR12) and was similarly high in cirrhotic patients (47/52, 90.4%). SVR24 was higher in patients without baseline NS5A (L31M or Y93H) resistance‐associated variants (RAVs) (137/139, 98.6%), including those with cirrhosis (43/44, 97.7%). Prevalence of baseline NS5A RAVs was low (19/159, 11.9%), particularly in mainland China (10/127, 7.9%). One death (0.6%), five serious adverse events (3.1%), and three grade 4 laboratory abnormalities (1.9%) occurred on treatment; none were considered related to study drugs. Two patients (1.3%) discontinued because of adverse events. Treatment was generally well tolerated regardless of cirrhosis status.ConclusionsDaclatasvir plus asunaprevir achieved a SVR24 rate of 91.2%, rising to 98.6% in patients without baseline NS5A RAVs, and was generally well tolerated in interferon (±ribavirin)‐ineligible or ‐intolerant patients with genotype 1b infection from mainland China, Korea, and Taiwan.
Association Between Small Decrease in Serum Sodium Concentration within the Normal Range and All‐Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Elderly Adults over 5 Years
Authors: Ahn Shin Y. , Park Yoon S. , Lee Seong W. , Baek Seon H. , Kim Sejoong , Na Ki Y. , Kim Ki W. , Chae Dong‐Wan , Chin Ho J. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the importance of a decrease in serum sodium concentration within the normal range in elderly adults.DesignProspective cohort.SettingThe Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging.ParticipantsRandomly selected, community‐based elderly population with a corrected serum sodium level between 135.0 and 145.0 mEq/L (N = 949).MeasurementsSurvival status was determined during 63.3 ± 16.6 months of follow‐up.ResultsParticipants were divided into corrected sodium groups as follows: 73 (7.7%) in Group 1 (sodium 135.0–138.0 mEq/L), 635 (66.9%) in Group 2 (sodium 138.1–142.0 mEq/L), and 241 (25.4%) in Group 3 (sodium 142.1.0–145.0 mEq/L). There were 34 (46.6%) deaths in Group 1, 124 (19.5%) in Group 2, and 52 (21.6%) in Group 3 (P < .001). In a Cox proportional hazards analysis, a 2‐mEq/L higher sodium level reduced the risk of death by 14.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.1–27.4%, P = .048). Group 1 had risk of mortality that was 2.7 times as high as that of Group 2 (95% CI = 1.76–4.11, P < .001). Participants with a measured sodium level of 138.0 mEq/L or less and a corrected sodium level greater than 138.0 mEq/L had a better survival rate than those with a measured sodium level of 138.0 mEq/L or less and a corrected sodium level of 138.0 mEq/L or less.ConclusionA slightly lower serum sodium concentration within the normal range was a major risk factor for mortality in elderly adults. Sodium level corrected according to serum glucose concentration was a more meaningful risk factor than measured sodium level.
Functional Status and Quality of Life in Elderly Intensive Care Unit Survivors
Authors: Villa Patricia , Pintado María‐Consuelo , Luján Jimena , González‐García Natalia , Trascasa María , Molina Rocío , Cambronero José‐Andrés , de Pablo Raúl 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate functional status and quality of life in elderly intensive care unit (ICU) survivors at 1‐year follow‐up.DesignProspective 18‐month observational study.SettingUniversity medical–surgical ICU.ParticipantsICU survivors aged 75 and older.MeasurementsFunctional status at baseline (Barthel Index (BI)) was compared with that at hospital discharge and 1‐year follow‐up. Health‐related quality of life (HRQL Spanish version of the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short‐From Survey) was measured at 1‐year follow‐up and compared with that of the Spanish population of same age.ResultsOf 176 individuals admitted to the ICU, 110 (62.1%) were discharged alive from the hospital, and 94 (53.1%) were alive at 1‐year follow‐up. ICU admission was associated with significant clinical deterioration (median BI 100 points (interquartile range (IQR) 85–100) at baseline vs 85 (IQR 60–100) at hospital discharge, P < .001). Three months after discharge, there was a significant although modest improvement in functional status (BI 95 (IQR 80–100) P = .03). Baseline functional status was not recovered at 1‐year follow‐up (BI 95 (IQR 80–100) P < .001). More ICU survivors had moderate to severe dependence at the end of follow‐up (20.3%) than at ICU admission (6.6%) (P < .001). Factors independently associated with poor functional recovery were low baseline BI and ICU stay longer than 4 days. At 1‐year follow‐up, 76.8% of participants who survived were living in their own homes. HRQL was similar to that of the Spanish population of the same age.ConclusionElderly ICU survivors experienced significant deterioration in functional status, and although they recovered modestly during the following year, they never regained their baseline status. Good recovery was associated with short ICU stay and better baseline functional status.
Administration of low dose estrogen attenuates persistent inflammation, promotes angiogenesis, and improves locomotor function following chronic spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Samantaray Supriti , Das Arabinda , Matzelle Denise C. , Yu Shan P. , Wei Ling , Varma Abhay , Ray Swapan K. , Banik Naren L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) causes loss of neurological function and, depending upon the severity of injury, may lead to paralysis. Currently, no FDA‐approved pharmacotherapy is available for SCI. High‐dose methylprednisolone is widely used, but this treatment is controversial. We have previously shown that low doses of estrogen reduces inflammation, attenuates cell death, and protects axon and myelin in SCI rats, but its effectiveness in recovery of function is not known. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate whether low doses of estrogen in post‐SCI would reduce inflammation, protect cells and axons, and improve locomotor function during the chronic phase of injury. Injury (40 g.cm force) was induced at thoracic 10 in young adult male rats. Rats were treated with 10 or 100 μg 17β‐estradiol (estrogen) for 7 days following SCI and compared with vehicle‐treated injury and laminectomy (sham) controls. Histology (H&E staining), immunohistofluorescence, Doppler laser technique, and Western blotting were used to monitor tissue integrity, gliosis, blood flow, angiogenesis, the expression of angiogenic factors, axonal degeneration, and locomotor function (Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan rating) following injury. To assess the progression of recovery, rats were sacrificed at 7, 14, or 42 days post injury. A reduction in glial reactivity, attenuation of axonal and myelin damage, protection of cells, increased expression of angiogenic factors and microvessel growth, and improved locomotor function were found following estrogen treatment compared with vehicle‐treated SCI rats. These results suggest that treatment with a very low dose of estrogen has significant therapeutic implications for the improvement of locomotor function in chronic SCI.
image
Experimental studies with low dose estrogen therapy in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) demonstrated the potential for multi‐active beneficial outcomes that could ameliorate the degenerative pathways in chronic SCI as shown in (a). Furthermore, the alterations in local spinal blood flow could be significantly alleviated with low dose estrogen therapy. This therapy led to the preservation of the structural integrity of the spinal cord (b), which in turn led to the improved functional recovery as shown (c).
Involvement of aberrant cyclin‐dependent kinase 5/p25 activity in experimental traumatic brain injury
Authors: Yousuf Mohammad A. , Tan Chunfeng , Torres‐Altoro Melissa I. , Lu Fang‐Min , Plautz Erik , Zhang Shanrong , Takahashi Masaya , Hernandez Adan , Kernie Steven G. , Plattner Florian , Bibb James A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with adverse effects on brain functions, including sensation, language, emotions and/or cognition. Therapies for improving outcomes following TBI are limited. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI may suggest novel treatment strategies to facilitate recovery and improve treatment outcome. Aberrant activation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been implicated in neuronal injury and neurodegeneration. Cdk5 is a neuronal protein kinase activated via interaction with its cofactor p35 that regulates numerous neuronal functions, including synaptic remodeling and cognition. However, conversion of p35 to p25 via Ca2+‐dependent activation of calpain results in an aberrantly active Cdk5/p25 complex that is associated with neuronal damage and cell death. Here, we show that mice subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI), a well‐established experimental TBI model, exhibit increased p25 levels and consistently elevated Cdk5‐dependent phosphorylation of microtubule‐associated protein tau and retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in hippocampal lysates. Moreover, CCI‐induced neuroinflammation as indicated by increased astrocytic activation and number of reactive microglia. Brain‐wide conditional Cdk5 knockout mice (Cdk5 cKO) subjected to CCI exhibited significantly reduced edema, ventricular dilation, and injury area. Finally, neurophysiological recordings revealed that CCI attenuated excitatory post‐synaptic potential field responses in the hippocampal CA3‐CA1 pathway 24 h after injury. This neurophysiological deficit was attenuated in Cdk5 cKO mice. Thus, TBI induces increased levels of p25 generation and aberrant Cdk5 activity, which contributes to pathophysiological processes underlying TBI progression. Hence, selectively preventing aberrant Cdk5 activity may be an effective acute strategy to improve recovery from TBI.
image
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases astrogliosis and microglial activation. Moreover, TBI deregulates Ca2+‐homeostasis triggering p25 production. The protein kinase Cdk5 is aberrantly activated by p25 leading to phosphorylation of substrates including tau and Rb protein. Loss of Cdk5 attenuates TBI lesion size, indicating that Cdk5 is a critical player in TBI pathogenesis and thus may be a suitable therapeutic target for TBI.
Complex regulation of the regulator of synaptic plasticity histone deacetylase 2 in the rodent dorsal horn after peripheral injury
Authors: Maiarù Maria , Morgan Oakley B. , Tochiki Keri K. , Hobbiger Eleanor J. , Rajani Kaveeta , Overington Dorothy W. U. , Géranton Sandrine M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDACs), HDAC2 in particular, have been shown to regulate various forms of learning and memory. Since cognitive processes share mechanisms with spinal nociceptive signalling, we decided to investigate the HDAC2 expression in the dorsal horn after peripheral injury. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that spinal HDAC2 was mainly seen in neurons and astrocytes, with neuronal expression in naïve tissue 2.6 times greater than that in astrocytes. Cysteine (S)‐nitrosylation of HDAC2 releases HDAC2 gene silencing and is controlled by nitric oxide (NO). A duration of 48 h after intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant, there was an ipsilateral increase in the most important NO‐producing enzyme in pain states, nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), accompanied by an increase in HDAC2 S‐nitrosylation. Moreover, a subset of nNOS‐positive neurons expressed cFos, a known target of HDAC2, suggesting that derepression of cFos expression following HDAC2 S‐nitrosylation might occur after noxious stimulation. We saw no change in global HDAC2 expression in both short‐ and long‐term pain states. However, HDAC2 was increased in astrocytes 7 days after neuropathic injury suggesting that HDAC2 might inhibit astrocytic gene expression in neuropathic pain states. All together, our results indicate that the epigenetic regulation of transcriptional programmes in the dorsal horn after injury is cell specific. Moreover, the prominent role of NO in persistent pain states suggests that HDAC2 S‐nitrosylation could play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression leading to hypersensitivity.
image
Our manuscript describes for the first time the regulation of the memory regulator histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in the superficial dorsal horn of adult rats following peripheral injury. Our cell‐specific approach has revealed a complex pattern of expression of spinal HDAC2 that depends on the injury and the cell type, suggesting a sophisticated regulation of gene expression by HDAC2.
Changes in shape and cross‐sectional geometry in the tibia of mice selectively bred for increases in relative bone length
Authors: Cosman Miranda N. , Sparrow Leah M. , Rolian Campbell 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLimb bone size and shape in terrestrial mammals scales predictably with body mass. Weight‐bearing limb bones in these species have geometries that enable them to withstand deformations due to loading, both within and between species. Departures from the expected scaling of bone size and shape to body mass occur in mammals that have become specialized for different types of locomotion. For example, mammals adapted for frequent running and jumping behaviors have hind limb bones that are long in relation to body mass, but with narrower cross‐sections than predicted for their length. The Longshanks mouse was recently established, a selectively bred line of mice with ~12–13% longer tibiae relative to body mass. This increased limb length resembles superficially the derived limb proportions of rodents adapted for hopping and jumping. Here, 3D geometric morphometrics and analyses of bone cross‐sectional geometry were combined to determine whether selection for increased relative tibia length in Longshanks mice has altered the scaling relationship of size and shape, and/or bone robusticity, relative to the tibiae of random‐bred control mice from the same genetic background. The results suggest that the Longshanks tibia is not a geometrically scaled version of the control tibiae. Instead, the Longshanks tibia has become narrower in cross‐section in relation to its increased length, leading to a decrease in overall bending strength when compared with control tibiae. These changes in bone shape and robusticity resemble the derived morphology of mammals adapted for running and jumping, with important implications for the material properties and strength of bone in these mammals.
Intermuscular force transmission along myofascial chains: a systematic review
Authors: Krause Frieder , Wilke Jan , Vogt Lutz , Banzer Winfried 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe present review aims to provide a systematic overview on tensile transmission along myofascial chains based on anatomical dissection studies and in vivo experiments. Evidence for the existence of myofascial chains is growing, and the capability of force transmission via myofascial chains has been hypothesized. However, there is still a lack of evidence concerning the functional significance and capability for force transfer. A systematic literature research was conducted using MEDLINE (Pubmed), ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Studied myofascial chains encompassed the superficial backline (SBL), the back functional line (BFL) and the front functional line (FFL). Peer‐reviewed human dissection studies as well as in vivo experiments reporting intermuscular tension transfer between the constituents of a myofascial chain were included. To assess methodic quality, two independent investigators rated studies by means of validated assessment tools (QUACS and PEDro Scale). The literature research identified 1022 articles. Nine studies (moderate to excellent methodological quality) were included. Concerning the SBL and the BFL, there is moderate evidence for force transfer at all three transitions (based on six studies), and one of two transitions (three studies). One study yields moderate evidence for a slight, but not significant force transfer at one transition in the FFL. The findings of the present study indicate that tension can be transferred between some of the examined adjacent structures. Force transfer might have an impact in overuse conditions as well as on sports performance. However, different methods of force application and measurement hinder the comparability of results. Considering anatomical variations in the degree of continuity and histological differences of the linking structures is crucial for interpretation. Future studies should focus on the in vivo function of myofascial continuity during isolated active or passive tissue tensioning.
Effect of bed exercises and gum chewing on abdominal sounds, flatulence and early discharge in the early period after caesarean section
Authors: Çevik Semra Akköz , Başer Mürüvvet 
Published: March 2016

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of bed exercises and gum chewing on abdominal sounds, flatulence and early discharge on women who have given birth at the Cengiz Gökçek Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital surgery services in Gaziantep city centre.BackgroundCaesarean operation is the most significant surgical intervention that affects central nervous system and decelerates bowel movements in the postoperative period. Conducted studies show that practices such as gum chewing ensure that bowel functions start in a short time through early feeding and mobilisation and shorten the duration of hospital stay.DesignA randomised controlled experimental was used.MethodA total of 120 women participated in the study in three groups of 40 for gum, exercise and control groups. Gum was given to the groups in the gum section two hours after the ceasarean, the women chewed gum for the first eight hours until flatulence for 15 minutes every two hours. However, the women in the exercise group started moving two hours after the caesarean for the first eight hours until flatulence for five minutes every two hours. The control group consisted of women under routine treatment and care of the hospital. All women were hourly evaluated in terms of abdominal sounds, flatulence and defaecation.ResultsIt was determined that following caesarean, bowel functions started in three groups at the same time, there was no significant difference between three groups. It was determined that the gum group, exercise group and the control group were discharged earlier, there was no significant difference between three groupsConclusionThe study results show that spinal anaesthesia have positive effects on discharge time after caesarean section operation.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides useful information to clinician and researchers when determining practices such as postoperative standing up in early period, gum chewing and early liquid intake related to postoperative bowel functions after abdominal operations.