bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entropy‐based method to quantify limb length discrepancy using inertial sensors
Authors: Karunarathne Maddumage Sajeewani , Li Saiyi , Pathirana Pubudu , Williams Gareth 
Published: October 2017

Limb length is a useful parameter in the assessment of common musculoskeletal disorders such as limb length discrepancy. The measurement variation among rates adversely affects the quantitative aspect of assessments and introduces a greater subjectivity in the course of treatment. Common practise for measuring limb length is based on radiographic imaging techniques which are inconvenient, costly and require clinical knowledge. Direct instruments are difficult to use with patients due to susceptibility to human error in determining the position of the rotational joint. In this study, the determination of limb length is automated using a contemporary algorithm which applies curvature to the measurements from a low‐cost and miniaturised inertial sensor, primarily used in the bio‐kinematic research. The motion artefacts contribute to the ultimate estimations and, in this approach, a least noise threshold model is employed to address the robustness. The proposed estimation technique was validated with real‐data observed from 14 healthy subjects comparing with radiographic and direct measurements. The experimental results indicate greater accuracy compared with manual measurements with low root mean squared error percentages with values ranging from 5.34 to 5.84%. Additionally, the mean limb length difference between our estimator and both radiographic measurements and direct measurement was <1.6 cm.
A Study Assessing Surgical Management of Traumatic Orbital Fractures with Delayed Presentation at Tertiary Care Institutions: An Experience of 1 Year
Authors: Dixit Sourabh , Banga Manpreet , Saha Suniti , Roy Kaushik , Ghosh Partha , B.V Sandeep 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background Orbital and periorbital injuries are significant contributors to traumatic facial injuries. Orbital fractures can occur either alone or in conjugation with other facial bone fractures and cranial and maxillofacial injuries. Objectives The study aims to find out the incidence of various types of fractures occurring in patients, mode of trauma, clinical presentation, and results of delayed surgical repair in cases of orbital fractures.
Materials and Methods This is a “prospective observational study” including 12 patients. Surgical repair of orbital fractures was considered for suspected muscle entrapment in fractures, restricted ocular motility, symptomatic diplopia not improving for over 2-week period, or if enophthalmos greater than 2 mm was present.
Results Regarding age incidence, the maximum number of cases, that is 41.66%, were aged between 21and 30 years. The main modes of trauma in most cases, that is, 50%, were due to road traffic accidents followed by fall from height, that is, 25%. The majority of cases presented to us with complex fractures involved one or more orbital bones, that is 33.33%. Postsurgery outcomes were good and fair in 75% and 25% patients, respectively.
Conclusion Proper orbital fracture stabilization is crucial to bring out good cosmetic as well as ocular outcome.
Result of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy for Hydrocephalus Caused by Cerebral Aqueductal Stenosis in Infant Patients
Authors: Chowdhury Forhad , Haque Mohammod , Kawsar Khandkar , Sarker Mainul , Haque Abdul Fazal Mohammod 
Published: October 2017

Background Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is one of the important management options for hydrocephalus, especially obstructive hydrocephalus. The result of ETV in different age and etiology is quite variable according to the different authors. The study was carried out to assess the success rate of ETV as a treatment for this type of hydrocephalus in infant age group.
Material and Methods The study was done prospectively on infants (age ≤ 12 months) admitted in the period from January 2009 to June 2013 suffering from obstructive hydrocephalus due to cerebral aqueductal stenosis (CAS). After making the diagnosis, we counseled the patient party about the probability of high failure rate of ETV in this age group and probable necessity of a second operation. With the informed consent, we performed ETV in these cases and followed up regularly in postoperative period. Control neuroimaging studies were done whenever needed (suspected failure of ETV and suspected stomal block).
Results Total 17 infants were studied. Average follow-up was 18.7 months. Twelve infants were between the age group of six and under six months while five were above six months to one year old. Fourteen (82.35%) out of 17 patients showed overall clinical improvement. Clinical improvement was seen in two (66.6%) infants aged 2 months or younger, three (75%) aged 2+ to 3 months, five (100%) aged 3+ to 6 months, and four (80%) aged 6+ months to 1 year. Two patients had bleeding during surgery. Three developed CSF leak through the burr hole. In one case (the patient's age was 2 months), the stoma was found blocked, and hydrocephalus returned 9 weeks after ETV. In two patients, in whom VP shunt was needed, “failed ETV” was obvious in early postoperative period. In this series, average ETV success score (ETVSS) was 52.35 (range: 40–70) and overall success rate was 82.35%. This indicates that ETVSS does not correlate with the outcome of ETV in infants with CAS.
Conclusion Outcome of ETV for hydrocephalus from CAS in infant is quite good and ETVSS does not correlate with the outcome.
The pragmatics ofgrandin Irish English
Authors: Hickey Raymond 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOver the past two centuries, the use of the adjectivegrandunderwent a specific semantic expansion in Irish English. Apart from the meaning of ‘displaying grandeur’, the adjective came to mean ‘fine’, ‘alright’ and ‘in good form’, both as an expression of the speaker’s situation and as a reference to that of the addressee. This development can be shown to represent a case of subjectification, as described seminally by Elizabeth Traugott in various publications (e.g.,Traugott 1995), with the element of intersubjectification arising somewhat later (Traugott 2003). Through the examination of various texts, this paper examines the diachronic development ofgrandin its various uses and the rise of the Irish English extension with a consideration of possible precursors and parallels in other varieties. The subjective and intersubjective uses ofgrandare labelled “approvinggrand” and “reassuringgrand” respectively and are shown to be in keeping with other features of Irish discourse structure and pragmatics.
Performing acts of impoliteness through code-switching to English in colloquial Jordanian Arabic interactions
Authors: Badarneh Muhammad A. , Al-Momani Kawakib , Migdadi Fathi 
Published: October 2017

This article investigates how English is exploited in naturally occurring interactions in colloquial Jordanian Arabic to perform acts of impoliteness, drawing on impoliteness model by Culpeper (1996), its subsequent modifications in Culpeper et al. (2003) and Culpeper (2005), and its alignment with Spencer-Oatey’s (2002) concept of rapport-management. Attack on face, specifically Quality Face, Social Identity Face, and Association Rights, through code-switching to English were identified in the data. Positive impoliteness and negative impoliteness strategies were employed through using English, sometimes in conjunction with Arabic impoliteness resources. Furthermore, English was used as an indirect impoliteness strategy to do off-record impoliteness to convey impolite beliefs about a third party or a particular state of affairs. These acts of impoliteness were mainly countered defensively by ignoring the attack or offensively through countering the implied face attack with face attack.
Expertise acquisition through deliberate practice
Authors: Angelone Erik , Marín García Álvaro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn his influential 2006 publication, Shreve, in citing Ericsson (1996, 21), outlines a series of fundamental conditions that must be met in order for the translator to acquire expertise. While expertise research on professional translator performance in authentic contexts has only recently started to gain traction in earnest, these conditions for expertise acquisition, while well-suited for academic contexts involving formal translator training, may not be as readily realizable within the language industry. In an attempt to complement recent workplace studies on translation (Risku and Windhager 2013;Ehrensberger-Dow 2014), our questionnaire-based explorative study sets out to gain a better understanding of how expertise in translation is conceptualized and fostered from within the language industry. By gauging how professional translators, as well as the project managers for whom they work, regard expertise from the perspective of the requisite conditions outlined by Shreve, we hope to establish greater clarity as to how expertise is envisioned, practiced, and valued along emic lines.
Consciousness in conflict.
Authors: Suleman R. , Qayum B. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

This chapter explores the public consciousness of conflict. It also discusses how the issues of identity, perception and representation are (re)presented and embedded within diverse touristic activities and experiences. The chapter also covers matters of understanding the cultures and spiritualities of the 'other'. The examples that have been used throughout this chapter attempt to view these issues, matters and discussions through an Islamized lens.
Defamation of religion and freedom of speech.
Authors: Chowdhury A. , Raj R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

This chapter discusses the nature of the conflict between freedom of religion and freedom of speech, which have implications for religious tourism. The chapter focuses on the apparent conflict associated with published content that gives offence to religious sentiments, defames a religion and is potentially blasphemous to the religion. Some incidents of religious terrorism in Europe that originated from this conflict are highlighted.
Pilgrimage, cultural landscape and tourism in the heritization of churches and Christian sites in Nagasaki.
Authors: Kawashima T. D. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

This chapter deals with the evaluation, commodification and re-sacralization of Christian heritage for the purpose of tourism in Japan. It examines the process of choosing, including and excluding the component assets of the Christian heritage in Japan to be inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Two movements are distinguished, and their specific evaluation and selection strategies regarding the Christian heritage in the nomination process are identified. The first is the so-called 'Nagasaki Pilgrimage', invented in collaboration between the Japanese Tourism Federation and the Catholic Archdiocese in Nagasaki, and the second is the nomination of Christian heritage as a 'cultural landscape' by the Japanese Bureau of Cultural Affairs and prefectural and regional administrations. Examining the evaluation strategies and their impact on religious tradition, it is argued that commodifying and preserving religion as a sustainable tourism product allows secular institutions to redefine it, and even re-sacralize it, as a uniquely Japanese traditional culture to appeal to the domestic and international tourism market.
Claiming territory: the role of pilgrimage in the struggle for a re-Christianization of Sweden.
Authors: Wiktorin P. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

This chapter argues that the construction of pilgrimage trails carried out by the Church of Sweden has, perhaps unintended, consequences. The establishment of trails and the production of maps that mark Christian presence in the landscape can be seen as both a resistance to secularism and an adjustment to the new religious paradigm that characterizes Sweden in the 21th century: sacralization of the self and rituals that are directed more inward than outward, although in a theistic sense. It is argued that the establishment of these pilgrim trails might be considered as part of the struggle to re-Christianize Sweden and Swedish society.
Cuba and its Christian roots: a case for understanding religious tourism.
Authors: Echarri Chavéz M. , Cisneros Mustelier L. , Korstanje M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

This chapter discusses the potential for Cuba, despite decades of tension and conflict with the Catholic Church, as a destination for religious tourism. The chapter explores not only the limitations and dichotomies of authenticity but also the roots of religion, tourism and politics. While social scientists agree that religiosity is closely linked to politics, Cuba shows the opposite, and perhaps demonstrates how religiosity can remain dormant, cemented in the roots of heritage. The chapter explores not only the religious core of hospitality (and tourism) but also critically discusses the extent to which Abrahamic traditions have paved the path to develop a specific definition of 'other', in Latin America. As the case study is Cuba, a country that kept its Catholic roots despite its socialist affiliation, the tension between the proper atheism of Marxist ideology and Catholicism is one of the main themes examined in this chapter.
Religious spaces as discrete systems: the case of Ayodhya, India.
Authors: Sanjeev Singh Sanjeev Singh , Nayan Srivastava Nayan Srivastava , Karitikeya Sonker Karitikeya Sonker , Manas Ranjan Manas Ranjan 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

This chapter explores the pilgrimage site of Ram Janambhumi in Ayodhya (India) through a timeline that extends from before a particular conflict to after the conflict, and investigates the socio-spatial phenomena in the context of their respective social, political and economic conditions. This once peaceful site, shared by Muslims and Hindus, came into the national and international frame following an attempt by Hindu followers of Ram to reclaim the site for their worship practices. In a monumental sequence of events, this almost forgotten site came to represent the struggle between religious groups of Hindus and Muslims, and has had religious, political and social implications beyond anything that could have been foreseen.
Halal tourism: the case of Turkey.
Authors: Bİlİm Y. , Özer Ö. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

This chapter discusses the concept of halal tourism and presents the case of Turkey as a halal tourism destination. The chapter identifies the fundamentals of halal and halal tourism. It also discusses how we can plan for the development of halal tourism, looking at the consumption side and the international halal tourism market.
Biomarker identification of hepatocellular carcinoma using a methodical literature mining strategy
Authors: Chang Nai-Wen , Dai Hong-Jie , Shih Yung-Yu , Wu Chi-Yang , Dela Rosa Mira Anne C , Obena Rofeamor P , Chen Yu-Ju , Hsu Wen-Lian , Oyang Yen-Jen 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths, carries a 5-year survival rate of 18%, underscoring the need for robust biomarkers. In spite of the increased availability of HCC related literatures, many of the promising biomarkers reported have not been validated for clinical use. To narrow down the wide range of possible biomarkers for further clinical validation, bioinformaticians need to sort them out using information provided in published works. Biomedical text mining is an automated way to obtain information of interest within the massive collection of biomedical knowledge, thus enabling extraction of data for biomarkers associated with certain diseases. This method can significantly reduce both the time and effort spent on studying important maladies such as liver diseases. Herein, we report a text mining-aided curation pipeline to identify potential biomarkers for liver cancer. The curation pipeline integrates PubMed E-Utilities to collect abstracts from PubMed and recognize several types of named entities by machine learning-based and pattern-based methods. Genes/proteins from evidential sentences were classified as candidate biomarkers using a convolutional neural network. Lastly, extracted biomarkers were ranked depending on several criteria, such as the frequency of keywords and articles and the journal impact factor, and then integrated into a meaningful list for bioinformaticians. Based on the developed pipeline, we constructed MarkerHub, which contains 2128 candidate biomarkers extracted from PubMed publications from 2008 to 2017.
Database URL: http://markerhub.iis.sinica.edu.tw
Falling short: how state laws can address health information exchange barriers and enablers
Authors: Schmit Cason D , Wetter Sarah A , Kash Bita A 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objective
Research on the implementation of health information exchange (HIE) organizations has identified both positive and negative effects of laws relating to governance, incentives, mandates, sustainability, stakeholder participation, patient engagement, privacy, confidentiality, and security. We fill a substantial research gap by describing whether comprehensive state and territorial HIE legal frameworks address identified legal facilitators and barriers.

Materials and Methods
We used the Westlaw database to identify state and territorial laws relating to HIEs in effect on June 7, 2016 (53 jurisdictions). We blind-coded all laws and addressed coding discrepancies in peer-review meetings. We recorded a consensus code for each law in a master database. We compared 20 HIE legal attributes with identified barriers to and enablers of HIE activity in the literature.

Results
Forty-two states, the District of Columbia, and 2 territories have laws relating to HIEs. On average, jurisdictions address 8.32 of the 20 criteria selected in statutes and regulations. Twenty jurisdictions unambiguously address ≤5 criteria in statutes and regulations. None of the significant legal criteria are unambiguously addressed in &gt;60% of the 53 jurisdictions.

Discussion
Laws can be barriers to or enablers of HIEs. However, jurisdictions are not addressing many significant issues identified by researchers. Consequently, there is a substantial risk that existing legal frameworks are not adequately supporting HIEs.

Conclusion
The current evidence base is insufficient for comparative assessments or impact rankings of the various factors. However, the detailed Centers for Disease Control and Prevention dataset of HIE laws could enable investigations into the types of laws that promote or impede HIEs.
Bacteria
Authors: Török M. Estée , Cooke Fiona J. , Moran Ed 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of bacteriology, starting with the basics of bacterial biology and the principles of identification (phenotypic and molecular methods), before moving on to a systematic overview of each bacterial species, covering important aspects of identification, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features of infection, and treatment and prevention.
Fever
Authors: Török M. Estée , Cooke Fiona J. , Moran Ed 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter covers sepsis syndromes (characterized by systemic inflammation), pyrexia of unknown origin (including nosocomial pyrexia of unknown origin, immune-deficient pyrexia of unknown origin, and HIV-related pyrexia of unknown origin), imported fever or fever in returning travellers, and eosinophilia in returning travellers or migrants such as helminthic infections.
Respiratory, head, and neck infections
Authors: Török M. Estée , Cooke Fiona J. , Moran Ed 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter covers the common cold, pharyngitis, retropharyngeal abscess, quinsy (peritonsillar abscess), Lemierre’s disease, croup, epiglottitis, bacterial tracheitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, mastoiditis, otitis externa, otitis media, dental infections, lateral pharyngeal abscess, acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis, community-acquired pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia, empyema, lung abscess, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary tuberculosis.
Urinary tract infections
Authors: Török M. Estée , Cooke Fiona J. , Moran Ed 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter covers cystitis (an infection of the bladder, characterized by dysuria), acute pyelonephritis (an infection of the kidney), chronic pyelonephritis (which is a chronic diffuse interstitial inflammation), renal abscesses (such as perinephric abscess, renal corticomedullary abscess, and renal cortical abscess), catheter-associated urinary tract infections, prostatitis (including granulomatous prostatitis and prostatic abscess), epididymitis, and orchitis.
Neurological infections
Authors: Török M. Estée , Cooke Fiona J. , Moran Ed 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter covers both acute bacterial and viral, and chronic, meningitis, as well as tuberculous, cryptococcal, coccidioidal, and Histoplasma meningitis, describing meningeal symptoms (headache, neck stiffness, vomiting, photophobia) and cerebral dysfunction (confusion, coma). The chapter also covers neurocysticercosis (including parenchymal and extra-parenchymal cysts), encephalitis (an inflammatory process in the brain characterized by cerebral dysfunction), as well as brain abscess, cerebritis, subdural empyema, epidural abscess, and cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections.
Ophthalmological infections
Authors: Török M. Estée , Cooke Fiona J. , Moran Ed 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter covers periorbital infections such as blepharitis, and infections of the lacrimal apparatus such as canaliculitis, dacryocystitis, dacryoadenitis, and Mikulicz syndrome. The chapter also covers orbital infections such as preseptal (periorbital) cellulitis, and orbital (post-septal) cellulitis. The chapter also includes conjunctivitis (the commonest ocular inflammation), keratitis (an inflammation of the cornea), uveitis (an inflammation of the uveal tract), and endophthalmitis (an inflammation of the ocular cavity, i.e. aqueous and vitreous humour).
Bone and joint infections
Authors: Török M. Estée , Cooke Fiona J. , Moran Ed 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of inflammations of the joint space and bones, such as arthritis and bursitis, including osteomyelitis and bone destruction and formation of sequestra. The chapter also includes prosthetic joint infections such as hip and knee replacements. It also describes diabetic foot infections, defined as any inframalleolar infection in a patient with diabetes mellitus. Infections include paronychia, cellulitis, myositis, abscesses, necrotizing fasciitis, septic arthritis, tendonitis, and osteomyelitis.
Health protection
Authors: Török M. Estée , Cooke Fiona J. , Moran Ed 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter covers immunizations such as routine childhood immunizations and non-routine immunizations, as well as vaccinations in those infected with HIV. The chapter also includes notifiable diseases (such as cholera, diphtheria, smallpox, and typhoid), bioterrorism and biological weapons, and migrant health.
Incidence of Occult Uterine Malignancy Following Vaginal Hysterectomy With Morcellation
Authors: Wasson Megan , Magtibay Paul , Magtibay Paul , Magrina Javier 
Published: October 2017

(Abstracted from J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2017;24:665–669)
The availability of electromechanical morcellation has allowed many women to undergo minimally invasive hysterectomy. However, there has been increasing concern over possible inadvertent morcellation of uterine malignancy.