bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience with leflunomide as treatment and as secondary prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus infection in lung transplant recipients: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Silva Jose Tiago , Pérez‐González Virginia , Lopez‐Medrano Francisco , Alonso‐Moralejo Rodrigo , Fernández‐Ruiz Mario , San‐Juan Rafael , Brañas Patricia , Folgueira María Dolores , Aguado José María , de Pablo‐Gafas Alicia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundData concerning the use of leflunomide—a drug approved for rheumatoid arthritis with in vitro anticytomegalovirus (CMV) activity—in lung transplant (LT) recipients are scarce.AimsTo report the use of leflunomide in LT recipients diagnosed with CMV infection/disease.Material and MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective study including LT recipients who received leflunomide for CMV infection or as secondary prophylaxis after viremia clearance. We also conducted a full systematic PubMed search until June 30, 2017.ResultsWe identified 5 LT recipients in our center plus 7 patients reported in the literature. All patients had previously received ganciclovir (GCV) and foscarnet (FOS), with drug‐induced adverse effects described in 6 recipients (50%). Antiviral resistance mutations were observed in 8 patients (66.7%). Leflunomide was prescribed for CMV infection in 9 of 12 patients (75%) and as secondary prophylaxis in 3 patients (25%). Initial decrease of CMV viremia after starting leflunomide was observed in 7 of 9 recipients (77.7%), although this response was only transient in 2 patients. Long‐term suppression of CMV viremia was reported in 7 of 12 patients (58.3%). In 3 recipients (25%), leflunomide was discontinued due to adverse effects.DiscussionOur study has some limitations, such as the small number of patients included, its retrospective nature, and absence of leflunomide drug monitoring in serum. Notwithstanding, in our experience, leflunomide proved to be particularly effective as an anti‐CMV secondary prophylaxis treatment and for clearing low‐grade viremia. Moreover, leflunomide combined with a short course of GCV or intravitreal FOS also proved to be very effective in some patients.ConclusionLeflunomide, alone or in combination, could be an effective treatment in selected LT recipients with GCV‐resistant CMV infection and as secondary prophylaxis. Further studies are necessary.
Regional healthcare delivery and demographic change in Germany – scenarios for dermatological care in 2035
Authors: Kis Anne , Augustin Matthias , Augustin Jobst 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe ‘demand planning guidelines’ issued by the Federal Joint Committee are meant to ensure nationwide delivery of healthcare in Germany. The calculatory variable used to reflect the actual care situation in relation to a given geographical entity is referred to as ‘adjusted supply rate’. Against the backdrop of demographic change and already existing problems in replacing retiring physicians, the question arises as to how future dermatological care will evolve at the regional level.MethodsUsing current ‘demand planning guidelines’ as well as nationwide data on the location of dermatologists and current and projected population figures at the county level, the adjusted supply rate – in terms of dermatological care – was calculated for the year 2035 based on three possible scenarios (scenario 1: 100 % replacement of retiring dermatologists; scenario 2: non‐replacement of one dermatologist per planning area; and scenario 3: non‐replacement of two dermatologists in rural areas).ResultsWhile scenario 1 shows an actual improvement in regional dermatological care in certain areas between 2014 and 2035 (n = 3 no longer undersupplied), the more likely scenarios 2 and 3 are potentially associated with considerable regional undersupply.ConclusionsTaking demographic change into account, it is safe to assume that the geographical heterogeneity of dermatological care will increase. This requires greater effort not only in terms of demand planning but also with regard to offering alternative methods of delivering healthcare and intercommunal cooperation. In this context, the objective will be to adapt healthcare delivery to changes both in demography as well as in the plans young physicians have for their own lives.
Using facial muscular movements to understand young children's emotion regulation and concurrent neural activation
Authors: Grabell Adam S. , Huppert Theodore J. , Fishburn Frank A. , Li Yanwei , Jones Hannah M. , Wilett Aimee E. , Bemis Lisa M. , Perlman Susan B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIndividual differences in young children's frustration responses set the stage for myriad developmental outcomes and represent an area of intense empirical interest. Emotion regulation is hypothesized to comprise the interplay of complex behaviors, such as facial expressions, and activation of concurrent underlying neural systems. At present, however, the literature has mostly examined children's observed emotion regulation behaviors and assumed underlying brain activation through separate investigations, resulting in theoretical gaps in our understanding of how children regulate emotion in vivo. Our goal was to elucidate links between young children's emotion regulation‐related neural activation, facial muscular movements, and parent‐rated temperamental emotion regulation. Sixty‐five children (age 3–7) completed a frustration‐inducing computer task while lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) activation and concurrent facial expressions were recorded. Negative facial expressions with eye constriction were inversely associated with both parent‐rated temperamental emotion regulation and concurrent LPFC activation. Moreover, we found evidence that positive expressions with eye constriction during frustration may be associated with stronger LPFC activation. Results suggest a correspondence between facial expressions and LPFC activation that may explicate how children regulate emotion in real time.
Family conflict is associated with longitudinal changes in insular‐striatal functional connectivity during adolescent risk taking under maternal influence
Authors: Guassi Moreira João F. , Telzer Eva H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMaternal presence has marked effects on adolescent neurocognition during risk taking, influencing teenagers to make safer decisions. However, it is currently unknown whether maternal buffering changes over the course of adolescence itself, and whether its effects are robust to individual differences in family relationship quality. In the current longitudinal study, 23 adolescents completed a risk‐taking task under maternal presence during an fMRI scan before and after the transition to high school. Behavioral results reveal that adolescent risk taking increased under maternal presence across a one‐year period. At the neural level, we found that adolescents reporting higher family conflict showed longitudinal increases in functional coupling between the anterior insula (AI) and ventral striatum (VS) when making safe decisions in the presence of their mother, which was associated with increased real‐world risk taking. These findings show that individual differences in family relationship quality undermine effective development of AI‐VS connectivity resulting in increased risk taking.
Long‐term behavioural outcomes after paediatric convulsive status epilepticus: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Martinos Marina M , Pujar Suresh , Gillberg Christopher , Cortina‐Borja Mario , Neville Brian G R , De Haan Michelle , Scott Rod C , Chin Richard F M 
Published: December 2017

AimTo describe behavioural and psychiatric outcomes of children within 10 years of convulsive status epilepticus (CSE).MethodChildren originally identified by the population‐based North London Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Childhood Surveillance Study were followed‐up between July 2009 and February 2013. They were grouped into epilepsy‐ and non‐epilepsy‐related CSE, and compared with population norms and healthy controls using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire; and the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham questionnaire. Children who scored above recommended clinical cut‐offs on any scale were invited for a neuropsychiatric assessment. Regression models were fitted to identify clinically relevant covariates associated with behavioural outcomes.ResultsAt a mean follow‐up of 8.1 years post‐CSE, 28% of enrolled children were found to have a psychiatric disorder. Children with epilepsy‐related CSE scored higher than norms on all scales and children with non‐epilepsy‐related CSE scored higher than norms on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire. Presence of seizures at baseline and recurrence of CSE was associated with worse outcomes in the group with epilepsy. Intellectual abilities were associated with behavioural outcomes in all participants.InterpretationA large proportion of children manifest behavioural issues 8 years after CSE. The present data highlight the need for behavioural screening in children with neurodevelopmental impairments post‐CSE.What this paper adds

Eight years post convulsive status epilepticus (CSE), 37% of parents report behavioural issues.

Of enrolled children, 28% were found to have a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual mental disorder.

Intellectual abilities are strongly associated with behavioural outcomes in children post‐CSE.
Comparative effectiveness of metformin monotherapy in extended release and immediate release formulations for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in treatment‐naïve Chinese patients: Analysis of results from the CONSENT trial
Authors: Ji Linong , Liu Jing , Yang Jing , Li Yufeng , Liang Li , Zhu Dalong , Li Quanmin , Ma Tianrong , Xu Haiyan , Yang Yanlan , Zeng Jiaoe , Feng Bo , Qu Shen , Li Yiming , Ma Lizhen , Lin Shanshan , Wang Jianping , Li Wei , Song Weihong , Li Xiaoxing , Luo Yong , Xi Shugang , Lin Mei , Liu Yu , Liang Zerong 
Published: December 2017

AimsMetformin treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be limited by gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs), resulting in treatment discontinuation. We investigated whether once‐daily metformin extended release (XR) is superior in terms of GI tolerability, with non‐inferior efficacy, compared with thrice‐daily metformin immediate release (IR) in treatment‐naïve Chinese patients with T2DM.Materials and MethodsThis prospective, open‐label, randomized, multicentre, phase IV interventional study enrolled Chinese T2DM patients to receive either metformin XR or metformin IR with a 2‐week screening period, a 16‐week treatment period and a 2‐week follow‐up period without treatment. Co‐primary endpoints were a non‐inferiority assessment of metformin XR vs metformin IR in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) least squares mean (LSM) change from baseline to week 16 and the superiority of GI tolerability for metformin XR vs metformin IR.ResultsOverall, 532 patients were randomized to metformin IR (n = 267) or metformin XR (n = 265). The HbA1c LSM change was −1.61% and −1.58% in each group, respectively (LSM difference, 0.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.10, 0.17). Incidences of drug‐related AEs were 26.5% (n = 66) in the metformin IR‐only group and 32.2% (n = 85) in the metformin XR‐only group, and GI AEs were 23.8% and 22.3% in each group, respectively (difference, −1.52; 95% CI, −8.60, 5.56). The treatment difference met the predefined non‐inferiority upper CI margin of 0.4% in HbA1c.ConclusionsMetformin XR was non‐inferior to metformin IR for the LSM change in HbA1c from baseline to week 16 and not superior to metformin IR for overall GI AE incidence during treatment of Chinese T2DM patients.
Comparison of weighted and composite scores for pre‐clinical dental learners
Authors: Nassar H. M. , Park Y. S. , Tekian A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeThe weighted mean (WM) method for combining scores of assessment components can provide outcomes with biased reliability and score precision. The objective of this study was to compare the traditional WM with another method utilising the composite score (CS) principle for combining scores of a final summative assessment exercise for a pre‐clinical dental course.MethodsData were collected from the final examination of third‐year Preclinical Operative and Esthetic Dentistry course consisting of 3 parts: practical competency, objective structured practical examination and a written examination with weights of 33%, 17% and 50%, respectively. Scores from the 3 components were combined using the WM and CS methods. Weighted kappa was used to compare both approaches for agreement, and students’ ranks were also compared.ResultsCombining scores using CS scheme produced lower scores overall compared to WM with more apparent effect for the male group. Agreement between WM and CS was moderate (κ = 0.44) with major differences between students’ ranks across the 2 modalities as only 21% of the cohort retained their ranks.ConclusionThe CS method produced more reliable scores, resulting in moderate agreement with the WM and major shift in students’ ranks. These findings necessitate further validity considerations before implementing the CS method and call for further studies that examine the consequences of composite measures in dental education.
Cost‐utility analysis of idelalisib in combination with rituximab in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Casado Luis Felipe , Hernández José Ángel , Jarque Isidro , Echave María , Casado Miguel Angel , Castro Antonio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the incremental cost‐utility ratio (ICUR) of idelalisib in combination with rituximab (IR) versus rituximab monotherapy (R) in the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), from the Spanish National Health System (NHS) perspective.MethodsA partitioned survival Markov model for a lifetime horizon (30 years) was developed to estimate costs (€, 2016) and quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) with IR and R. Initial cohort included patients with CLL receiving a second or subsequent line (2L) of treatment with IR or R. Survival data were based on CLL clinical trial. Drug, administration, monitoring, adverse events and clinical management of CLL costs were included in the model. Costs and outcomes were discounted using a 3% annually. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were performed.ResultsCompared to R, 2L IR treatment resulted in QALY gain of 3.147 (4.965 versus 1.818). Total costs were €118 254 for IR versus €23 874 for R. ICUR was €29 990/QALY gained with IR versus R. In the PSA, IR was cost‐effective in 78% of iterations using a threshold of €45 000/QALY.ConclusionIR can be considered a cost‐effective treatment compared to R, in the treatment of R/R CLL patients for the Spanish NHS.
Dermaphis coccidiformis sp. nov. (Hemiptera), an aphid species with asymmetrically sclerotized apterae and “winter alates”
Authors: Aoki Shigeyuki , Kurosu Utako , Uematsu Keigo , Fukatsu Takema , Kutsukake Mayako 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Dermaphis coccidiformis sp. nov. (Hormaphidinae: Nipponaphidini) is described from Japan. Apterous adults of the species were found between winter buds (or between a winter bud and a leaf petiole) of the evergreen oaks Quercus glauca, Q. myrsinifolia and Q. salicina. Their morphology is peculiar in that their tergites are heavily sclerotized only in the part that seems to have been exposed to sunlight. The new species is also peculiar in that nymphs to be alates (sexuparae) were found on the upper surfaces of leaves of the host oak only during winter, from December to March or early April, before the bud break of the oak. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that the new species is closely related to Dermaphis spp., therefore it was placed in the genus. The analysis incidentally indicated that “Dinipponaphis” autumna, a monoecious species forming galls on Distylium racemosum, was included in the clade of the genus Dermaphis, and therefore it was transferred to this genus.
Association between scalp and intracerebral electroencephalographic seizure‐onset patterns: A study in different lesional pathological substrates
Authors: Tanaka Hideaki , Khoo Hui Ming , Dubeau François , Gotman Jean 
Published: December 2017

SummaryObjectiveOur purpose was to determine the correlation between scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and intracerebral EEG (iEEG) seizure‐onset patterns in patients with focal lesional epilepsy to determine whether scalp seizure‐onset patterns can be specific to intracerebral seizure‐onset patterns and to lesion type.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 61 patients with focal epilepsy and a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐visible lesion, who first underwent extensive scalp recordings and then iEEG studies (stereo‐EEG) for presurgical evaluation, and who showed an iEEG seizure onset in the lesional/perilesional area. Five seizure‐onset patterns were recognized on scalp EEG, and 7 on iEEG, and in each patient, only the predominant scalp and iEEG seizure‐onset patterns were compared. Because scalp and iEEG recordings were acquired at different times, we followed strict criteria based on semiology and topography to match scalp with intracerebral seizures.ResultsSeventy‐one pairs of seizure‐onset patterns matched between scalp and iEEG were identified. Each scalp pattern did not correspond to a single intracerebral pattern, but there were significant associations: (1) paroxysmal fast activity (≥13 Hz) at scalp onset was associated with low‐voltage fast activity at iEEG onset (P < .001), with malformations of cortical development (P < .001), and with superficial seizure‐onset zone based on iEEG (P < .001); (2) rhythmic slow activity (<13 Hz) at scalp onset was associated with low‐frequency high‐amplitude periodic spikes at iEEG onset (P = .0014), with medial temporal atrophy/sclerosis (P < .001), and with deep seizure‐onset zone (P < .001); and (3) repetitive epileptiform discharge at scalp onset was associated with a burst of high‐amplitude polyspikes at iEEG onset (P = .0002).SignificanceOur results disclosed that in focal epilepsy patients with seizures generated in an MRI‐visible lesion, some scalp seizure‐onset patterns are highly associated with a specific intracerebral pattern, with specific pathologies, and with the depth of seizure‐onset zone. These findings allow the interpretation of scalp seizure‐onset patterns to be significantly more informative.
Predictors of Internalizing Behaviors in Ukrainian Children
Authors: Burlaka Viktor , Kim Yi Jin , Crutchfield Jandel M. , Lefmann Teresa A. , Kay Emma S. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo (a) estimate the level of child internalizing problems in a sample of Ukrainian school‐age children and (b) examine the relationships between child internalizing psychopathology and parenting practices, depression, alcohol use, and sociodemographics.BackgroundMost research on child internalizing behaviors has used samples from high‐income countries, but there is a lack of information about children's behaviors and associated risk and protective factors from low‐ and middle‐income countries such as Ukraine. An ecological–transactional model framework was used in this study to examine maternal and family‐level factors associated with child internalizing behavior problems.MethodData were gathered from a community‐based sample of Ukrainian mothers and children between 9 and 16 years of age (n = 251) using face‐to‐face interviews. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship among the independent variables (e.g., alcohol use, depression, and parenting behaviors) and children's internalizing behaviors.ResultsOlder children, especially boys, reported fewer internalizing problems. Increased internalizing symptomatology was associated with mothers' older age, higher level of depression, lower use of positive parenting, and poor child monitoring and supervision.ConclusionThese results raise awareness about the importance of child familial backgrounds while trying to address child mental health problems in Ukraine.ImplicationsFamily practitioners may want to help mothers learn and apply positive parenting and effective supervision and monitoring skills to help reduce their children's depression and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, helping to decrease maternal depression may have a positive trickle‐down effect on their children's internalizing behaviors.
Catch‐related fish injury and catch efficiency of stow‐net‐based fish recovery installations for fish‐monitoring at hydropower plants
Authors: Pander J. , Mueller M. , Knott J. , Geist J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHydropower‐related damage to fish remains a great challenge, making objective monitoring of turbine‐related fish injury a necessity. The catch of fish at turbine outlets is currently realised by net fishing, but potential catch‐related injuries are largely unknown. Catch efficiency and fish‐friendliness in relation to fish handling, exposure time, floating debris and fish biomass of four fish recovery installations were assessed using seven species. Highly species‐specific lethal and sublethal effects were observed. Exposure time had the strongest effects on catch‐related damage, being up to 150‐fold increase after 12 hr compared to 1 hr. Up to 84% mortality occurred in the most sensitive species Thymallus thymallus L. Besides exposure time, higher current speed and biomass within the net resulted in greater fish damage. To minimise catch‐related effects, keeping emptying periods <1–2 hr and considering the effects of current speed, fish and debris biomass are crucial to increase data comparability among studies.
Fish invasion in the river systems of Guangdong Province, South China: Possible indicators of their success
Authors: Gu D. E. , Hu Y. C. , Xu M. , Wei H. , Luo D. , Yang Y. X. , Yu F. D. , Mu X. D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough a large number of fish species have been introduced into Guangdong Province in Southern China, a few species, such as tilapia (Tilapia spp.), North African catfish Clarias gariepinus Burchell, mrigal carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Bloch) and the sucker mouth catfish (Hypostomus sp.), have established natural populations and can be considered “successful invaders” in large rivers. The specific mechanisms underlying these contrasting results among different introduced fish species remain understudied. The relationship between multiple abiotic–biotic factors and the success of four invasive species was investigated using survey data for the Guangdong Province river ecosystem. In contrast to previous studies that have considered species‐specific traits, the focus was on economic, ecological and anthropogenic factors to predict invasion success. Four main predictive indicators were found: (1) successful invaders were of low or no commercial value; (2) successful invaders tolerated a wide range of environmental conditions, including poor water quality; (3) biodiversity loss accelerated the growth of non‐native populations; (4) human disturbance facilitated population growth and spread of invasive fish species. To lessen the impacts of invasive fish species, the selection of breeding species and breeding areas, maintenance of water quality and reduction in water pollution, protection of the diversity of fish species and reduction of human interference should be addressed.