bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes of Continuation and Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Jørgensen Anders , Gronemann Frederikke Hoerdam , Rozing Maarten P. , Jørgensen Martin B. , Osler Merete 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceLarge-scale evidence for the efficacy of continuation and maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (c/mECT) is lacking.ObjectiveTo provide an exhaustive and naturalistic insight into the real-world outcomes and the cost-effectiveness of c/mECT in a large dataset.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included all patients in the Danish National Patient Registry who initiated treatment with ECT from 2003 through 2022. The data were analyzed from October 2023 to February 2024.ExposuresECT. An algorithm to identify c/mECTs in the dataset was developed: (&amp;gt;3 treatments with ≥7 and &amp;lt;90 days between adjacent treatments, occurring within a time frame of 180 days [cECT] or more [mECT] after an acute [aECT] series).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe association of c/mECT with subsequent 6- to 12-month risk of hospitalization or suicidal behavior using Cox proportional hazard regression with multiple adjustments and aECT only as a reference, propensity score matching, and self-controlled case series analysis using a Poisson regression model. A cost-effectiveness analysis based on hospitalization and ECT expenses was made.ResultsA total of 19 944 individuals were treated with ECT (12 157 women [61%], 7787 men [39%]; median [IQR] age, 55 [41-70] years). Of these, 1533 individuals (7.7%) received c/mECT at any time point (1017 [5.1%] cECT only and 516 [2.6%] mECT). Compared with patients receiving aECT only, c/mECT patients more frequently experienced schizophrenia (odds ratio [OR], 2.14; 95% CI, 1.86-2.46) and schizoaffective disorder (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.90-3.09) and less frequently unipolar depression (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.51-0.62). In all models, c/mECT was associated with a lower rate of hospitalization after finishing aECT (eg, 6-month adjusted hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.60-0.78 [Cox regression]; 6-month incidence rate ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.41-0.62 [Poisson regression]). There was no significant difference in the risk of suicidal behavior. Compared with the periods before the end of aECT, c/mECT was associated with a substantial reduction in total treatment costs.Conclusions and RelevanceIn a nationwide and naturalistic setting, c/mECT after aECT was infrequently used but associated with a lower risk of readmission than aECT alone. The totality of the evidence indicates that c/mECT should be considered more often to prevent relapse after successful aECT in patients whose condition does not respond sufficiently to other interventions.
Teletrauma Use in US Emergency Departments
Authors: Hashmi Zain G. , Rokayak Omar , Boggs Krislyn M. , Zachrison Kori S. , Espinola Janice A. , Jarman Molly P. , Jansen Jan O. , Locke Jayme E. , Kerby Jeffrey D. , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceNearly 30 million predominantly rural US residents lack timely access to trauma care expertise available at level I or II trauma centers. Telehealth is an established approach to improve access to health care expertise using remote consultation; however, the prevalence of use of telehealth in trauma (teletrauma) across the US is not known.ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of, trends in, and factors associated with teletrauma use and adoption among US emergency departments (EDs).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study included data from the National Emergency Department Inventory (NEDI)–USA survey from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020. Each year, a 1-page survey was sent to the directors of nonfederal, nonspecialty EDs by mail and email up to 3 times; nonresponders were further contacted via telephone to complete the survey. Data were analyzed from January to March 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was self-reported ED use of teletrauma for each year studied. Additional measures included data regarding self-reported use of any other telehealth service and ED characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess ED characteristics associated with teletrauma use in 2020 and teletrauma adoption between 2017 and 2020.ResultsOf 5586 EDs in the US in 2020, 4512 had available teletrauma survey data (80.8% response rate); 379 (8.4%) of these EDs reported teletrauma use. In contrast, 2726 (60.4%) reported use of any other telehealth service. Teletrauma use (among EDs with any telehealth use) ranged between 0% in Alabama; Connecticut; Washington, DC; Indiana; New Jersey; Nevada; Oklahoma; Oregon; Rhode Island; and South Carolina to more than 60% in Arkansas (39 of 64 [60.9%]), South Dakota (31 of 41 [75.6%]), and North Dakota (30 of 35 [85.7%]). Factors associated with teletrauma use included rural location (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% CI, 1.77-3.36), critical access hospital (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.83-3.88), and basic stroke hospital vs nonstroke hospital (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.32-2.30) designations. Factors associated with adoption of teletrauma by 2020 included critical access hospital (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.35-2.90) and basic stroke hospital vs nonstroke hospital (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.04-1.94) designation.Conclusion and RelevanceThis survey study found that teletrauma use lagged significantly behind use of other telehealth services in US EDs in 2020. While most EDs using teletrauma were located in rural areas, there was significant state-level variation in teletrauma use. Future research is needed on how teletrauma is being used and to identify barriers to its wider implementation.
Cryogenic Technology
Authors: Weisend J. G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter surveys aspects of cryogenic technology used in industry and research. Topics covered include properties of cryogenic fluids, cryogenic properties of materials, refrigeration techniques, equipment for cryogenics, cryostats and insulation systems, helium cryogenics, safety, and superconducting radio‐frequency (r‐f) systems. A significant amount of material is presented on the application of cryogenics to the air separation and chemical engineering fields. A bibliography and an extensive reference list are provided to allow for further reading on this topic.
A Bulk versus Nanoscale Hydrogen Storage Paradox Revealed by Material‐System Co‐Design
Authors: Witman Matthew D. , Brooks Kriston P. , Sprik Samuel J. , Wood Brandon C. , Heo Tae Wook , Ray Keith G. , Klebanoff L. E. , Acosta Austin , Stavila Vitalie , Allendorf Mark D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetal hydrides are serious contenders for materials‐based hydrogen storage to overcome constraints associated with compressed or liquefied H2. Their ultimate performance is usually evaluated using intrinsic material properties without considering a systems design perspective. An illustrative case with startling implications is (LiNH2+2LiH). Using models that simulate the storage system and associated fuel cell of a light‐duty vehicle (LDV), the performance of the bulk hydrides is compared with a nanoscaled version in porous carbon (PC), (LiNH2+2LiH)@(6‐nm PC). Using experimental material properties, the simulations show that (LiNH2+2LiH)@(6‐nm PC) counterintuitively has higher usable gravimetric and volumetric capacities than the bulk counterpart on a system basis despite having lower capacities on a materials‐only basis. Nanoscaling increases the thermal conductivity and lowers the desorption enthalpy, which consequently increases heat management efficiency. In a simulated drive cycle for fuel cell‐powered LDV, the fuel cell is inoperable using bulk (LiNH2+2LiH) as the storage material but completes the drive cycle using the nanoscale material. These results challenge the notion that nanoscaling incurs mass and volume penalties. Instead, the synergistic nanoporous host‐hydride interaction can favorably modulate chemical and heat transfer properties. Moreover, a co‐design approach considering application‐specific tradeoffs is essential to accurately assess a material's potential for real‐world hydrogen storage.
Highly Ordered 2D Open Lattices Through Self‐Assembly of Magnetic Units
Authors: Yang Xinyan , Leng Junqing , Sun Cheng , Keten Sinan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFabrication of architected materials through self‐assembly of units offers many advantages over monolithic solids including recyclability, reconfigurability, self‐healing, and diversity of emergent properties – all prescribed chiefly by the choice of the building blocks. While self‐assembly is prevalent in biosynthesis, it remains challenging to recapitulate it macroscopically. Recent success in the self‐assembly of 2D ordered open magneto‐elastic lattices from centimeter‐long bar units with sticky magnetic ends, showcasing graceful failure at “magnetic bonds” and re‐assembly under extreme loading. However, it is still unclear how this approach can be generalized to design units that preferably form ordered low‐energy structures with desirable mechanical properties such as ductility, auxetics, and impact resistance. Here, diverse ordered 2D lattice structures are predicted as the self‐assembly outcomes from units with 2 (bar), 3 (Y‐shape), and 4 (cross) branches with magnetic ends. The defect formation is significantly reduced by a computational design approach. Tunable mechanical behavior is shown to be achieved by varying unit shapes and magnet orientations. Cross‐shaped units are identified for their promise in auxetic response and penetration resistance with these findings validated through experiments. The work highlights the potential of self‐assembling magnetic architected materials for adaptive structures, impact mitigation, and energy adsorption.
Investigating Static and Dynamic Behaviors in 3D Chiral Mechanical Metamaterials by Disentangled Generative Models
Authors: Park Jeonghoon , Noh Jaebum , Shin Jehyeon , Gu Grace X. , Rho Junsuk 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChiral mechanical metamaterials with engineered asymmetric structures have garnered significant interest owing to their potential for manipulating mechanical waves and unconventional mechanical properties. Although several design methodologies have made significant strides in the design and discovery of chiral mechanical metamaterials, 3D designs that incorporate multiple mechanical characteristics remain largely unexplored and the static and dynamic properties of these structures have not received sufficient attention. Here, an innovative approach is introduced for the inverse design of 3D chiral mechanical metamaterials with desired static and dynamic properties, leveraging streamlined shapes to enable a versatile design. By employing conditional generative adversarial networks (c‐GANs), the desired mechanical properties are targeted by focusing on both wave attenuation and stress distribution under compression and shear loading. 3D chiral mechanical metamaterials with additive manufacturing are fabricated to demonstrate the performance of the proposed c‐GAN. Experimental investigations show that the generated structures exhibited a wide range of wave attenuation properties, low stress concentrations, and a variety of stress‐strain curve profiles including nonlinear stiffness, demonstrating their effectiveness in achieving the desired mechanical characteristics. This research offers significant advancements in the on‐demand design capabilities of metamaterials and their applications.
A Subtractive Method to Chemically Pattern Liquid Metal for Stretchable Circuits
Authors: Sumaria Kaushal , Liu Tingyi “Leo” 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdvancements in biomedical research have spurred the development of stretchable electronic devices. While soft insulators are readily available, soft conductors with metal‐like electrical conductivity are rare. Gallium and its alloys, being nontoxic and intrinsically stretchable, are potentially ideal solutions. However, current additive liquid metal (LM) patterning methods face limitations in achieving high‐throughput, high‐resolution, and high‐density LM wiring. Here, a subtractive LM patterning method is developed to meet all these requirements simultaneously. The innovative method involves parallel filling a single continuous microfluidic mesh network with LM that short‐circuits all the pins and pads of a circuit, followed by parallel cutting of the unwanted short‐circuited interconnections using hydrochloric acid (HCl) vapor. Cutting locations are pre‐defined by designing narrower intersecting channels, leveraging capillary force for precise filling and cutting. The process is characterized using a multidimensional parametric study with varying LM line widths and HCl concentrations, and in situ impedance measurements to assess insulation performance. To showcase its high‐throughput capabilities, a mock circuit is used to successfully generate complex LM interconnects that connected hundreds of electrical pads. Finally, a stretchable LM circuit with a micro‐LED array is fabricated to demonstrate the practical application of this technology for massively parallel wiring in stretchable electronics.
TMSOTf‐Mediated Aminocyclization/[1,3]‐Sulfonyl Migration of N‐Homopropargyl Hydroxylamines for the Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Sulfonyl Cyclic Nitrones
Authors: Gharpure Santosh J. , Hajam Showkat A. , Vishwakarma Dharmendra S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTMSOTf‐mediated 5‐endo‐dig aminocyclization followed by N‐ to C‐[1,3]‐sulfonyl migration on N‐homopropargyl hydroxylamines gave diastereoselective access to trisubstituted 3‐sulfonyl cyclic nitrone (3‐sulfonyl pyrroline N‐oxide) derivatives. The synthetic utility of the 3‐sulfonyl cyclic nitrone products was demonstrated through the diastereoselective synthesis of the sulfonyl‐substituted nonaromatic N‐heterocycles such as N‐hydroxypyrrolidine, pyrrolidine‐fused isoxazoline, and isoxazolidine derivatives.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Deaminative Alkylation for the Synthesis of Chroman‐4‐One Derivatives via EDA Complexes
Authors: Yan Jinke , Leng Yuting , Wu Yangjie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA visible‐light‐mediated synthesis of 3‐alkyl‐ substituted chroman‐4‐one derivatives via deaminative alkylation of amino acid derived Katritzky salts and tandem cyclization with o‐(allyloxy)arylaldehydes has been developed. This approach exhibits functional‐group compatibility with 31 examples and affords the desired products in yields of 16–88%. Mechanistic research results suggest that the formation of EDA complexes between the Katritzky salts and a base is the main reason for initiating the reaction.
Exploring Sulphonated Calix[n]arenes as Catalysts in Organic Reactions
Authors: Sachdeva Garima , Rathi Komal , Rawat Varun , Verma Ved Prakash 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCatalysis plays a crucial role in modern chemistry, with macrocyclic compounds like calixarenes serving as key players in organic transformations through supramolecular chemistry. These macrocycles, synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde condensation, exhibit a variety of conformations, such as cone and partial‐cone, due to their flexible structures. Their effectiveness as catalysts arises from their lipophilic cavities and the ease of functionalization on both the upper and lower rims. Water‐soluble calixarenes, in particular, have gained attention for their ability to interact with hydrophobic cavities, facilitating molecular recognition in aqueous environments. A landmark achievement in this field was Shinkai's synthesis of water‐soluble calix[4]arene in 1984, which involved sulphonation using tert‐butyl groups, resulting in compounds known for their low toxicity and encapsulation capabilities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in sulphonated calixarenes as catalysts, emphasizing their diverse applications and potential for future development. Key catalytic reactions and their substrate scopes are discussed, along with future perspectives on how these compounds can further revolutionize catalytic processes.
Stereoselective Synthesis of AB‐5,15‐Porphyrinquinone Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Inoue Ryo , Yamada Iori , Yokoyama Momoka , Morisaki Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract5,15‐Porphyrinquinone is a non‐aromatic and electron‐deficient porphyrinoid that acts as an important framework for the synthesis of porphyrinoid derivatives. Generally, meso‐functionalized A2‐porphyrinquinone is synthesized via the oxidation of A2‐porphyrin. Herein, we present the stereoselective synthesis of AB‐porphyrinquinone Pt(II) complexes using the corresponding dipyrrinato‐Pt complexes and bisformyldipyrrins. The reaction involves cyclization and oxidative aromatization induced by the Pt template, followed by oxidation using a mild MnO2 oxidant.
The plasma miRNAome in ADNI: Signatures to aid the detection of at‐risk individuals
Authors: Krüger Dennis M. , Pena‐Centeno Tonatiuh , Liu Shiwei , Park Tamina , Kaurani Lalit , Pradhan Ranjit , Huang Yen‐Ning , Risacher Shannon L. , Burkhardt Susanne , Schütz Anna‐Lena , Wan Yang , Shaw Leslie M. , Brodsky Alexander S. , DeStefano Anita L. , Lin Honghuang , Schroeder Robert , Krunic Andre , Hempel Nina , Sananbenesi Farahnaz , Blusztajn Jan Krzysztof , Saykin Andrew J. , Delalle Ivana , Nho Kwangsik , Fischer Andre ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONMicroRNAs are short non‐coding RNAs that control proteostasis at the systems level and are emerging as potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODSWe performed small RNA sequencing on plasma samples from 847 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants.RESULTSWe identified microRNA signatures that correlate with AD diagnoses and help predict the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD.DISCUSSIONOur data demonstrate that plasma microRNA signatures can be used to not only diagnose MCI, but also, critically, predict the conversion from MCI to AD. Moreover, combined with neuropsychological testing, plasma microRNAome evaluation helps predict MCI to AD conversion. These findings are of considerable public interest because they provide a path toward reducing indiscriminate utilization of costly and invasive testing by defining the at‐risk segment of the aging population.Highlights
We provide the first analysis of the plasma microRNAome for the ADNI study.
The levels of several microRNAs can be used as biomarkers for the prediction of conversion from MCI to AD.
Adding the evaluation of plasma microRNA levels to neuropsychological testing in a clinical setting increases the accuracy of MCI to AD conversion prediction.
Tuning Co‐Operative Energy Transfer in Copper(I) Complexes Using Two‐Photon Absorbing Diimine‐Based Ligand Sensitizers
Authors: Beaucage Noémie , Singh Zujhar , Bourdon Jérémie , Collins Shawn K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotocatalysis mediated by low energy light wavelengths has potential to enable safer, sustainable synthetic methods. A phenanthroline‐derived ligand bathocupSani, with a large two‐photon absorption (TPA) cross section was used to construct a heteroleptic complex [Cu(bathocupSani)(DPEPhos)]BF4 and a homoleptic complex [Cu(bathocupSani)2]BF4. The ligand and the respective homoleptic complex with copper exhibit two‐photon upconversion with an anti‐Stokes shift of 1.2 eV using red light. The complex [Cu(bathocupSani)2]BF4 promoted energy transfer photocatalysis enabling oxidative dimerization of benzylic amines, sulfide oxidation, phosphine oxidation, boronic acid oxidation and atom‐transfer radical addition.
Circularly Polarized Lasing from Helical Superstructures of Chiral Organic Molecules
Authors: Ren Shizhe , Liu Zheng‐Fei , Li Penghao , Liu Haidi , Lu Miaosen , Wang Kang , Yao Jiannian , Dong Haiyun , Yang Qing‐Zheng , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChiral supramolecular aggregates have the potential to explore circularly polarized lasing with large dissymmetry factors. However, the controllable assembly of chiral superstructures towards deterministic circularly polarized laser emission remains elusive. Here, we design a pair of chiral organic molecules capable of stacking into a pair of definite helical superstructures in microcrystals, which enables circularly polarized lasing with deterministic chirality and high dissymmetry factors. The microcrystals function as optical cavities and gain media simultaneously for laser oscillations, while the supramolecular helices endow the laser emission with strong and opposite chirality. As a result, the microcrystals of two enantiomers allow for circularly polarized laser emission with opposite chirality and high dissymmetry factors up to ~1.0. This work demonstrates the chiral supramolecular assemblies as an excellent platform for high‐performance circularly polarized lasers.
An Ultrasound‐Activated Supramolecular Modulator Enhancing Autophagy to Prevent Ventricular Arrhythmias Post‐Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pang Yida , Li Qian , Wang Jiale , Wang Songyun , Sharma Amit , Xu Yuling , Hu Haoyuan , Li Junrong , Liu Shuang , Sun Yao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVentricular arrhythmias (VAs) triggered by myocardial infarction (MI) are the leading cause of sudden cardiac mortality worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies for managing MI‐induced VAs, such as left stellate ganglion resection and ablation, are suboptimal, highlighting the need to explore safer and more effective intervention strategies. Herein, we rationally designed two supramolecular sonosensitizers RuA and RuB, engineered through acceptor modification to generate moderate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to modulate VAs. Both RuA and RuB demonstrated high ultrasound (US)‐activated ROS production efficiency, with singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield (ΦΔ) of 0.70 and 0.88, respectively, surpassing ligand IR1105 and the conventional sonosensitizer ICG (ΦΔ=0.40). In vitro, RuB, at a modest concentration and under US intensity notably boosts pro‐survival autophagy in microglia BV2 cell. To improve in vivo stability and biocompatibility, RuB was further encapsulated into DSPE‐PEG5000 to prepare RuB nanoparticles (RuB NPs). In vivo studies after microinjection of RuB NPs into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and subsequent US exposure, demonstrated that RuB NPs‐mediated US modulation effectively suppresses sympathetic nervous activity (SNA) and inflammatory responses, thereby preventing VAs. Importantly, no tissue injury was observed post RuB NPs‐mediated US modulation. This work pioneers the design of long‐wave emission supramolecular sonosensitizers, offering new insights into regulating cardiovascular diseases.
Revealing and Inhibiting the Facet‐related Ion Migration for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Qu Shujie , Huang Hao , Wang Jinhui , Cui Peng , Li Yiyi , Wang Min , Li Liang , Yang Fu , Sun Changxu , Zhang Qiang , Zhu Pengkun , Wang Yi , Li Meicheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIon migration is a major issue hindering the long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). As an intrinsic characteristic of metal halide perovskite materials, ion migration is closely related to the atomic arrangement and coordination, which are the basic characteristic differences among various facets. Herein, we report the facet‐related ion migration, and then achieve the inhibition of ion migration in perovskite through finely modulating the facet orientation. We show that the (100) facet is substantially more vulnerable to cationic migration than the (111) facet. The main reason for this difference in migration is that the cationic migration route in the (111) facet deviates from that in the (100) facet, which increases the active migration energy and weakens the contribution from the electric field during operation. We prepare a (111)‐dominated perovskite film by incorporating a facile and green addition of water (H2O) into the antisolvent, further achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.0 % (25.4 % certification) on regular planar PSCs and 25.8 % on inverted PSCs. Moreover, the unencapsulated PSCs can maintain 95 % of their initial PCE after 3500‐hours operation under simulated AM1.5 illumination at the maximum power point.