bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Incorporate Ultrasonic Coupling Device for Long-Focal- Zone Photoacoustic Imaging System
Authors: Peng Dong-qing , Peng Yuan-yuan , Wu Shu-lian , Li Hui 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
An incorporate ultrasonic coupling device for extended focal zone focused photoacoustic imaging was designed. Phantom experimental imaging was carried out. The results show that, with the incorporate ultrasonic coupling device,accurate imaging position of absorber in the sample can be achieved. And it is worth mentioning that without the large water tank,the photoacoustic imaging experimental system become simple. Our work has a potential application in the noninvasive photoacoustic imaging of bio-tissue.
Identification of high explosive RDX using terahertz imaging and spectral fingerprints
Authors: Liu Jia , Fan Wen-Hui , Chen Xu , Xie Jun 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We experimentally investigated the spectral fingerprints of high explosive cyclo-1,3,5- trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX) in terahertz frequency region. A home-made terahertz time-domain spectroscopy ranging from 0.2 THz∼ 3.4 THz was deployed. Furthermore, two sample pellets (RDX pellet and polyethylene pellet), which were concealed in an opaque envelop, could be identified by using terahertz pulse imaging system. For the purpose of distinguishing the RDX between two pellets, we further calculated the THz frequency -domain map using its spectral fingerprints. It is demonstrated that the high explosive RDX could similarly be identified using terahertz frequency-domain imaging.
Micro-nano Structurized Gold Chip for SPR Imaging Sensor
Authors: Zhang Bing , Pang Kai , Shi Chunfei , Sun Yi , Dong Wei , Wang Xiaoping 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A micro-nano structurized gold chip was developed and applied to a surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) sensor with polarization contrast method. Compared with the planar gold film, a total sensitivity enhancement (SEF=287%) was obtained.
Implement of Digital Moire technique on DSP for alignment of partial compensation interferometer
Authors: Tian Yuhan , QunHao  , YaoHu  , Wang Shaopu , Li Tengfei , Wang Jingxian 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Digital Moiré technique is adopted in partial compensation interferometer (PCI) for high-precision testing of figure error of the aspheric surfaces. The figure error of the measured aspheric is obtained by a series of calculation with the real interferogram and ideal interferograms generated by computer. The dense interference fringes at the exit pupil make it difficult to align the PCI. On the contrary, digital Moire fringes composed from real and ideal interferograms are sparse and corresponding to the figure error of the measured aspheric, making it easier to align the PCI. Generally, digital Moire technique is processed on the computer, resulting in slow processing speed and difficult display in real time. Digital Signal Processor (DSP) can be used to implement digital Moire technique and display digital Moire fringes in real time with its powerful processing capacity. In this paper, digital Moire technique is implemented on the TMS320C6455 DSP. The hardware system consists of a DSP module, a CCD camera and a monitor. Finally we experimentally obtain the digital Moire image, and further analyze how to align the PCI theoretically.
Transmission dynamics of Zika virus in island populations: a modelling analysis of the 2013-14 French Polynesia outbreak
Authors: Kucharski Adam J. , Funk Sebastian , Eggo Rosalind M. , Mallet Henri-Pierre , Edmunds W. John , Nilles Eric J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBetween October 2013 and April 2014, more than 30,000 cases of Zika virus (ZIKV) disease were estimated to have attended healthcare facilities in French Polynesia. ZIKV has also been reported in Africa and Asia, and in 2015 the virus spread to South America and the Caribbean. Infection with ZIKV has been associated with neurological complications including Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) and microcephaly, which led the World Health Organization to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in February 2015. To better understand the transmission dynamics of ZIKV, we used a mathematical model to examine the 2013–14 outbreak on the six major archipelagos of French Polynesia. Our median estimates for the basic reproduction number ranged from 2.6–4.8, with an estimated 11.5% (95% CI: 7.32–17.9%) of total infections reported. As a result, we estimated that 94% (95% CI: 91–97%) of the total population of the six archipelagos were infected during the outbreak. Based on the demography of French Polynesia, our results imply that if ZIKV infection provides complete protection against future infection, it would take 12–20 years before there are a sufficient number of susceptible individuals for ZIKV to reemerge, which is on the same timescale as the circulation of dengue virus serotypes in the region. Our analysis suggests that ZIKV may exhibit similar dynamics to dengue virus in island populations, with transmission characterized by large, sporadic outbreaks with a high proportion of asymptomatic or unreported cases.Author SummarySince the first reported major outbreak of Zika virus disease in Micronesia in 2007, the virus has caused outbreaks throughout the Pacific and South America. Transmitted by theAedesspecies of mosquitoes, the virus has been linked to possible neurological complications including Guillain-Barre Syndrome and microcephaly. To improve our understanding of the transmission dynamics of Zika virus in island populations, we analysed the 2013–14 outbreak on the six major archipelagos of French Polynesia. We found evidence that Zika virus infected the majority of population, but only around 12% of total infections on the archipelagos were reported as cases. If infection with Zika virus generates lifelong immunity, we estimate that it would take at least 15–20 years before there are enough susceptible people for the virus to reemerge. Our results suggest that Zika virus could exhibit similar dynamics to dengue virus in the Pacific, producing large but sporadic outbreaks in small island populations.
Does crossed aphasia originate from developmental disorders? A Mini-review and case study
Authors: Jones Anna B. , Bak Thomas H , Bastin Mark E. , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Pernet Cyril R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCognitive impairments associated with crossed aphasia were investigated in a single case study and a review of the literature. A review of literature identifies 4 main cognitive co-morbidities that are significantly associated with crossed aphasia. We present a case of confirmed crossed aphasia with dyslexia and dysgraphia, in which the latter two cannot be fully explained by the current lesion and are probable developmental disorders (dyslexia/dysgraphia). Extensive longitudinal cognitive investigations and a series of advanced imaging techniques (structural and functional) were used to investigate the cognitive and neuroanatomical basis of crossed aphasia and associated impairments in this patient. Using the results from the literature review and the single case study, we suggest that developmental disorders can be an underlying cause of partial right lateralisation shift of language processes, thereby supporting the theory that developmental disorders can be an underlying cause of crossed aphasia.HighlightsCentral apraxia, dysgraphia, hemi-neglect & acalculia associated with CADevelopmental disorders can underlie partial right lateralisation shiftDysfunction of left hemisphere can cause crossed aphasiaClinically, pre-morbid impairments must be investigated in CA cases
Information updating and the bounce-back effect of stock market returns
Authors: Huang Sainan , Zeng Songlin 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– Bounce-back effect of stock market returns has been found empirically using different approaches. However, few paper explains the underlying mechanism. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– This paper fills this gap and provides an explanation for bounce-back effect in stock market.Findings– This paper contributes to the literature in threefold. The authors contribute a formal economic model to rationalize the bounce-back effect of stock market returns. It is based on a model of stock return with volatility feedback under the assumption of Markov-Switching market volatility.Originality/value– The authors use the general Markov-Switching bounce-back model, developed by Becet al.(2015), to provide empirical evidence for the existence of bounce-back effect in stock market. The empirical result shows “W” shape of bounce-back effect, which is exactly the same as predicted by the economic theoretical model. Finally, the authors propose an alternative approach to estimate the magnitude of volatility feedback and the marginal effect on the expected return of an anticipated high variance regime.
The effect of team empowerment on team performance
Authors: Jiang Xueting , Flores Hector R. , Leelawong Ronrapee , Manz Charles C. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– Based on extant literature on empowerment and team management, this paper aims to examine the effect of power distance and collectivism on the relationship between empowerment and team performance through the mechanisms of knowledge sharing and intra-group conflict.Design/methodology/approach– This paper conceptualizes a model depicting the relationship between team empowerment and team performance across cultures.Findings– The authors argue that team empowerment can increase both knowledge sharing and intra-group conflict in working teams. Knowledge sharing facilitates team performance, while intra-group conflict impairs team performance in the long run. Team empowerment yields different team performance across cultures due to the respective moderating effects of power distance and collectivism.Originality/value– This paper explicates the moderating roles of power distance and collectivism on the relationship between empowerment, knowledge sharing, intra-group conflict and team performance. The authors suggest that the effectiveness of team empowerment is contingent on the cultural context that the team operates in.
Virulence of representative Japanese Francisella tularensis and immunologic consequences of infection in mice
Authors: Hotta Akitoyo , Fujita Osamu , Uda Akihiko , Yamamoto Yoshie , Sharma Neekun , Tanabayashi Kiyoshi , Yamada Akio , Morikawa Shigeru 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTFrancisella tularensis, which causes tularemia, is widely distributed in the Northern hemisphere. F. tularensis strains isolated in Japan are genetically unique from non‐Japanese strains; however, their phenotypic properties have not been well studied. Thus, mice were infected with representative Japanese strains of F. tularensis and their virulence and mouse immune responses to them assessed. Of four representative Japanese strains, the Ebina, Jap and Tsuchiya strains were susceptible to H2O2 and did not grow well intracellularly. Only Yama strain grew intracellularly and was lethal to mice. Infection with Yama strain resulted in drastic increases in IFN‐γ, CD4 and CD8 double‐positive T cells and Th1 cells (CD3, CD4 and Tim3‐positive cells), and a decrease in the ratio of CD8‐positive CD4‐negative T cells in mice. C57BL/6J mice that survived infection produced IgM antibodies to LPS and IgG2c antibodies to 43, 19 and 17 kDa proteinase K‐sensitive components. These data are valuable for understanding the phenotypic properties of F. tularensis in Japan.
Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans isolated from a hunting dog and its diphtheria toxin antibody titer
Authors: Katsukawa Chihiro , Komiya Takako , Umeda Kaoru , Goto Minami , Yanai Tokuma , Takahashi Motohide , Yamamoto Akihiko , Iwaki Masaaki 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTToxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans is a zoonotic pathogen that produces diphtheria toxin and causes a diphtheria‐like illness in humans. The organism is known to infect and circulate among dogs, which can then transmit it to humans. Furthermore, previous studies have found that C. ulcerans is carried by wild animals, including game animals. In the present study, we tested hunting and companion dogs for the presence of toxigenic C. ulcerans and succeeded in isolating the bacterium from a hunting dog. Moreover, several hunting dogs had serum diphtheria antitoxin titers that were higher than the titers required for protection in humans, suggesting a history of exposure to toxigenic Corynebacterium strains. Notably, ribotyping, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis and tox gene sequencing demonstrated that the isolate from the hunting dog clustered with previously characterized C. ulcerans strains isolated from wild animals, as opposed to groups of isolates from humans and companion dogs. Interestingly, the wild animal cluster also contains an isolate from an outdoor breeding dog, which could have formed a bridge between isolates from wild animals and those from companion dogs. The results presented herein provide insight into the mechanism by which the zoonotic pathogen C. ulcerans circulates among wild animals, hunting and companion dogs, and humans.
Functional community ecology meets restoration ecology: Assessing the restoration success of alluvial floodplain meadows with functional traits
Authors: Engst Karina , Baasch Annett , Erfmeier Alexandra , Jandt Ute , May Konstanze , Schmiede Ralf , Bruelheide Helge 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Species‐rich grasslands are highly endangered habitats in Central Europe. To halt their ongoing loss, many sites have become subjects of restoration efforts. Traditionally, restoration success is measured using target species or by comparing similarity in species composition. Here, we suggest to additionally use functional community composition to assess restoration success as functional traits might offer mechanistic insights into restoration processes.

In a 5‐year restoration experiment, we annually evaluated the responses of (i) floristic composition and species diversity, (ii) number and cover of target species, (iii) functional identity and (iv) functional diversity to four different methods of assisted recolonization through species introduction: hay transfer and application of threshing material from a local provenance, combined with and without addition of regional seed mixtures of target species, as well as to a control treatment.

Across all treatments, floristic composition, species diversity, and number and cover of target species approached the values of reference sites. In the last observation year, Shannon diversity was still lower in all treatment plots than in the reference plots, while the number of target forb species had reached or exceeded the reference levels. We demonstrated that the community was also restored functionally in many aspects, but not in all studied traits. Calculated community‐weighted means (CWMs), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) in experimental plots did not differ significantly from the reference plots, thereby indicating that productivity of restored sites had reached target values. In contrast, CWMs of strategy types and pollination modes revealed significant differences, showing that biotic interactions among plant species and with other trophic levels have not yet been fully restored. However, almost all CWMs showed a trajectory towards the reference, thus giving a positive prospect for the future development. With respect to functional diversity (FD), we found steadily increasing FD values for almost all traits analysed.

Synthesis and applications. We demonstrated that all applied restoration measures were appropriate to achieve the restoration aim in terms of species composition of a given community and the establishment of target species. With respect to many functional traits, the restored meadows were already as functional as communities from the reference sites. Hence, including functional criteria did not only corroborate traditional criteria of restoration success but also allowed identifying those floodplain meadow's functions that can be quickly and less quickly restored.
How ants, birds and bats affect crop yield along shade gradients in tropical cacao agroforestry
Authors: Gras Pierre , Tscharntke Teja , Maas Bea , Tjoa Aiyen , Hafsah Awal , Clough Yann 
Published: February 2016

SummaryTropical agroforests are diverse systems where several predator groups shape animal communities and plant–arthropod interactions. Ants, birds and bats in particular can reduce herbivore numbers and thereby increase crop yield. However, the relative importance of these groups, whether they interact, and how this interaction is affected by management and landscape context, is poorly understood.We jointly manipulated access of ants, birds and bats in Indonesian smallholder cacao agroforestry across gradients of shade and distance to natural forest. We quantified arthropod abundance, pest damage and yield.In control treatments, yield was highest under 30–40% canopy cover. Ant exclusion strongly reduced yield (from 600 to 300 kg ha−1 year−1) at 15% canopy cover. Bird exclusion impaired yield (from 400 to 250 kg ha−1 year−1) at 60% and enhanced yield (from 600 to 900 kg ha−1 year−1) at 15% canopy cover, while bats had no effect. Yield increased with forest proximity, a pattern not related to predator access.No interactive effects among predator exclusions on yield, pest damage and arthropod communities were found. Ant exclusion increased numbers of herbivores below 30% canopy cover, without reducing spider abundances. Bird exclusion reduced herbivore and increased spider abundances.Synthesis and applications. Using exclusion studies, we estimated that ants and birds cause cacao yield to vary between 100 and 800 kg ha−1 year−1, depending on shade‐tree management. In all but the most shaded agroforests, ants were pivotal in supporting yields. Yields under low‐canopy cover were strongly dependent on access by predator groups, with birds reducing rather than increasing yield. Hence, cacao farmers should refrain from disturbing ant communities and maintain 30–40% shade‐tree canopy cover not only for ecophysiological reasons but also to buffer variability in predator communities.
An exploration of integrated data on the social dynamics of suicide among women
Authors: Mallon Sharon , Galway Karen , Hughes Lynette , Rondón‐Sulbarán Janeet , Leavey Gerard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe gender‐based nature of suicide‐related behaviour is largely accepted. However, studies that report exclusively on female suicides are rare. Here we demonstrate how female suicide has effectively been ‘othered’ and appears incidental in studies which compare female and male behaviour. We highlight how recent studies of suicide have tended to be dominated by male‐only approaches, which increasingly link issues of masculinity with male death by suicide. Drawing on data collected from the general practitioner and coroner's office, we then apply the sociological autopsy approach to a cohort of 78 deaths recorded as suicides in the UK between 2007 and 2009. By focusing on females in isolation from males, we demonstrate that, as in male‐only suicide studies, it is similarly possible to draw out issues associated with the feminine identity, which can be linked to death by suicide. We find that bereavement, sexual violence and motherhood could all be linked to the lives and help‐seeking of the females who died. In closing, we suggest that a reorientation towards sociological analytic approaches of female suicide may help to produce further reductions in the rate of female death by suicide.A Virtual Abstract of this paper can be found at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0w9KKMFdIQ
Association between parity and fistula location in women with obstetric fistula: a multivariate regression analysis
Authors: Sih AM , Kopp DM , Tang JH , Rosenberg NE , Chipungu E , Harfouche M , Moyo M , Mwale M , Wilkinson JP 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo compare primiparous and multiparous women who develop obstetric fistula (OF) and to assess predictors of fistula location.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingFistula Care Centre at Bwaila Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi.PopulationWomen with OF who presented between September 2011 and July 2014 with a complete obstetric history were eligible for the study.MethodsWomen with OF were surveyed for their obstetric history. Women were classified as multiparous if prior vaginal or caesarean delivery was reported. The location of the fistula was determined at operation: OF involving the urethra, bladder neck, and midvagina were classified as low; OF involving the vaginal apex, cervix, uterus, and ureters were classified as high.Main outcome measuresDemographic information was compared between primiparous and multiparous women using chi‐squared and Mann–Whitney U‐tests. Multivariate logistic regression models were implemented to assess the relationship between variables of interest and fistula location.ResultsDuring the study period, 533 women presented for repair, of which 452 (84.8%) were included in the analysis. The majority (56.6%) were multiparous when the fistula formed. Multiparous women were more likely to have laboured <1 day (62.4 versus 44.5%, P < 0.001), delivered a live‐born infant (26.8 versus 17.9%, P = 0.026), and have a high fistula location (37.5 versus 11.2%, P < 0.001). Multiparity [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.27–9.12)] and history of caesarean delivery (aOR = 4.11, 95% CI 2.45–6.89) were associated with development of a high fistula.ConclusionsMultiparity was common in our cohort, and these women were more likely to have a high fistula. Additional research is needed to understand the aetiology of high fistula including potential iatrogenic causes.Tweetable abstractMultiparity and caesarean delivery were associated with a high tract fistula in our Malawian cohort.
Donor oocyte conception and pregnancy complications: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jeve YB , Potdar N , Opoku A , Khare M 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundObservational studies showed that women with a donor oocyte (DO) pregnancy have an increased risk of pregnancy complications.ObjectivesSystematic review and meta‐analysis to compare pregnancy complications of DO pregnancy with autologous oocyte in vitro fertilisation (IVF), and whether DO pregnancy acts as an independent risk factor.Search strategyOnline searches of databases from 1 January 1980 to 31 January 2015 were performed using a set of relevant keywords.Selection criteriaAll studies comparing pregnancy complications of women with donor oocyte IVF and autologous oocyte IVF were included.Data collection and analysisData collected included demographics and pregnancy complications. Methodological quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Statistical analysis was performed using review manager 5.3 and stata 13.0. Meta‐regression was performed for age.Main resultsIn total, 11 studies (n = 81 752) were included. Ten studies (n = 11 539) examined the primary outcome. The risk of developing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was significantly higher for DO pregnancy (odds ratio, OR 3.92; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 3.21–4.78). Further subgroup analysis for singleton and twin pregnancies showed that the risk was significantly higher for DO pregnancy in each group. Secondary outcomes including small for gestational age (OR 1.81), caesarean section (OR 2.71), and preterm delivery (OR 1.34) were significantly higher with DO pregnancy. Meta‐regression for the covariate of age suggested that risk was independent of age.Author's conclusionsDonor oocyte pregnancy acts as an independent risk factor for pregnancy complications, including hypertensive disorders, small for gestational age, and preterm delivery. Women should be counselled carefully before undergoing DO‐assisted conception.Tweetable abstractDonor oocyte conception is an independent risk factor for obstetric complications.