bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential of the Galleria mellonella innate immune system is maximized by the co-presentation of diverse antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Bolouri Moghaddam Mohammad Reza , Tonk Miray , Schreiber Christine , Salzig Denise , Czermak Peter , Vilcinskas Andreas , Rahnamaeian Mohammad 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ubiquitous components of the insect innate immune system. The model insect Galleria mellonella has at least 18 AMPs, some of which are still uncharacterized in terms of antimicrobial activity. To determine why G. mellonella secretes a repertoire of distinct AMPs following an immune challenge, we selected three different AMPs: cecropin A (CecA), gallerimycin and cobatoxin. We found that cobatoxin was active against Micrococcus luteus at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 120 μm, but at 60 μm when co-presented with 4 μm CecA. In contrast, the MIC of gallerimycin presented alone was 60 μm and the co-presentation of CecA did not affect this value. Cobatoxin and gallerimycin were both inactive against Escherichia coli at physiological concentrations, however gallerimycin could potentiate the sublethal dose of CecA (0.25 μm) at a concentration of 30 μm resulting in 100% lethality. The ability of gallerimycin to potentiate the CecA was investigated by flow cytometry, revealing that 30 μm gallerimycin sensitized E. coli cells by inducing membrane depolarization, which intensified the otherwise negligible effects of 0.25 μm CecA. We therefore conclude that G. mellonella maximizes the potential of its innate immune response by the co-presentation of different AMPs that become more effective at lower concentrations when presented simultaneously.
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy: report of three cases from Iran
Authors: Seifi-Alan Mahnaz , Shamsi Roshanak , Setoodeh Aria , Sayarifard Fatemeh , Aghasi Parisa , Kompani Farzad , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh , Abbasi Farzaneh 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), also named as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type 1, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. It is distinguished by an immune-mediated damage of endocrine tissues, chronic candidiasis, and ectodermal disorder. APECED has been shown to be frequent in some populations including Iranian Jews. Here we report three cases of APECED from two independent Iranian Muslim families. Addison’s disease, hypoparathyroidismand mucocutaneous candidiasis were shared clinical manifestations in all patients. Mutational analyses have demonstrated a novel homozygous splice site mutation (c.1095+2T>A) in intron 9 and a previously identified homozygous nonsense mutation (c.415C>T) in exon 3 of patients respectively. Future studies are needed to evaluate the frequency of these variants in Iranian APECED patients which would facilitate genetic counseling as well as prenatal diagnosis.
Induction of labor in breech presentation at term: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Burgos Jorge , Arana Itziar , Garitano Ignacio , Rodríguez Leire , Cobos Patricia , Osuna Carmen , del Mar Centeno María , Fernández-Llebrez Luis 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjective:To compare the outcome of two methods of labor induction and spontaneous onset of labor in breech presentation at term.Material:A retrospective study between 2003 and 2012. We compare obstetric (indication of induction, Bishop score, cesarean rate) and perinatal outcomes (Apgar score, umbilical artery pH, base excess ≤−12 mmol/L, admission to neonatal unit) between prostaglandins and oxytocin. We also compare labor induction versus spontaneous onset of labor.Results:Of the 1684 breech deliveries, we carried out labor induction in 221 cases (76% with prostaglandins, 24% with oxytocin). The prostaglandins group had significantly lower Bishop scores and the time for induction phase was significantly higher. There were no differences in cesarean rate between both methods of induction or spontaneous onset of labor. The prostaglandins group had higher rates of base excess ≤−12 mmol/L. Compared with spontaneous onset of labor in breech presentation, induction had significant lower rates of newborn weight and higher rates of admission to the neonatal unit.Conclusions:Induction of labor in breech presentation at term is a reasonable and effective option after a careful selection of cases. It was not associated with an increase of perinatal morbidity or cesarean rate compared with spontaneous onset of labor.
Light enhancement of in vitro antitumor activity of galactosylated phthalocyanines
Authors: Angelov Ivan P. , Kril Anton I. , Dimitrov Rumen G. , Borisova Ekaterina G. , Avramov Lachezar A. , Mantareva Vanya N. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background and objectives: Intensive research in the area of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been made in recent years revealing it as a promising method for the treatment of tumors and inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms. However, for a broader application of this therapy one major challenge, namely a significant improvement of the targeted drug delivery and uptake, still remains. A possible solution of the selectivity problem could be the application of specifically functionalized photosensitizers, in particular phthalocyanine dyes.

Materials and methods: Water-soluble Zn(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) with four galactose moieties on non-peripheral and peripheral positions and a non-substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine were studied for in vitro antitumor activity on three breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and HBL-100). The influence of the exposure to ultraviolet (UV) (365 nm) and red (635 nm) light in non-therapeutic doses on the cellular uptake, binding and subcellular localization of three photosensitizers was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In addition, phototoxicity studies with the tested phthalocyanines on the non-tumorigenic mouse embryo cell line Balb c/3T3 (clone 31) were carried out.

Results: The results indicate that the pre-treatment, namely exposure to UV or red light, influences the localization properties of the used dyes. The positions of galactose units to the ZnPc ring also influenced the uptake, localization and the photodynamic response of breast cancer cells. The results show that the galactose substitution, together with exposure to UV or red light in non-therapeutic doses, are important factors for the photodynamic effect.

Conclusion: Experimental PDT with galactose-substituted ZnPcs accompanied by UV and red light pre-irradiation leads to a higher photodynamic effect towards breast tumor cells. Thus, the investigated galactopyranosyl-substituted phthalocyanines could be used as a part of the design of intelligent, stimuli-responsive nanosystems for medical applications.
The coloring problem in the solid-state metal boride carbide ScB2C2: a theoretical analysis
Authors: Lassoued Souheila , Boucher Benoît , Boutarfaia Ahmed , Gautier Régis , Halet Jean-François 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe electronic properties of the layered ternary metal boride carbide ScB2C2, the structure of which consists of B/C layers made of fused five- and seven-membered rings alternating with scandium sheets, are analyzed. In particular, the respective positions of the B and C atoms (the so-called coloring problem) are tackled using density functional theory, quantum theory of atoms in molecules, and electron localizability indicator calculations. Results reveal that (i) the most stable coloring minimizes the number of B–B and C–C contacts and maximizes the number of boron atoms in the heptagons, (ii) the compound is metallic in character, and (iii) rather important covalent bonding occurs between the metallic sheets and the boron–carbon network.
Two-Year BMI Outcomes From a School-Based Intervention for Nutrition and Exercise: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Bogart Laura M. , Elliott Marc N. , Cowgill Burton O. , Klein David J. , Hawes-Dawson Jennifer , Uyeda Kimberly , Schuster Mark A. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVES:
This study examined the long-term effects on BMI of a randomized controlled trial of Students for Nutrition and Exercise, a 5-week, middle school–based obesity prevention intervention combining school-wide environmental changes, encouragement to eat healthy school cafeteria foods, and peer-led education and marketing.

METHODS:
We randomly selected schools from the Los Angeles Unified School District and assigned 5 to the intervention group and 5 to a wait-list control group. Of the 4022 seventh-graders across schools, a total of 1368 students had their height and weight assessed at baseline and 2 years’ postintervention.

RESULTS:
A multivariable linear regression was used to predict BMI percentile at ninth grade by using BMI percentile at seventh grade, school indicators, and sociodemographic characteristics (child gender, age, Latino race/ethnicity, US-born status, and National School Lunch Program eligibility [as a proxy for low-income status]). Although the Students for Nutrition and Exercise intervention did not exhibit significant effects on BMI percentile overall, intervention students who were classified as obese at baseline (in seventh grade) showed significant reductions in BMI percentile in ninth grade (b = –2.33 percentiles; SE, 0.83; P = .005) compared with control students. This outcome translated into ∼9 pounds (∼4.1 kg) lower expected body weight after 2 years for an obese student in the intervention school at the mean height and age of the sample at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS:
Multilevel school-based interventions can have long-term effects on BMI among students who are obese. Future research should examine the mechanisms by which school-based obesity interventions can affect BMI over time.
Infant BMI or Weight-for-Length and Obesity Risk in Early Childhood
Authors: Roy Sani M. , Spivack Jordan G. , Faith Myles S. , Chesi Alessandra , Mitchell Jonathan A. , Kelly Andrea , Grant Struan F. A. , McCormack Shana E. , Zemel Babette S. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:Weight-for-length (WFL) is currently used to assess adiposity under 2 years. We assessed WFL- versus BMI-based estimates of adiposity in healthy infants in determining risk for early obesity.METHODS:Anthropometrics were extracted from electronic medical records for well-child visits for 73 949 full-term infants from a large pediatric network. World Health Organization WFL and BMI z scores (WFL-z and BMI-z, respectively) were calculated up to age 24 months. Correlation analyses assessed the agreement between WFL-z and BMI-z and within-subject tracking over time. Logistic regression determined odds of obesity at 2 years on the basis of adiposity classification at 2 months.RESULTS:Agreement between WFL-z and BMI-z increased from birth to 6 months and remained high thereafter. BMI-z at 2 months was more consistent with measurements at older ages than WFL-z at 2 months. Infants with high BMI (≥85th percentile) and reference WFL (5th–85th percentiles) at 2 months had greater odds of obesity at 2 years than those with high WFL (≥85th percentile) and reference BMI (5th–85th percentiles; odds ratio, 5.49 vs 1.40; P &lt; .001). At 2 months, BMI had a higher positive predictive value than WFL for obesity at 2 years using cut-points of either the 85th percentile (31% vs 23%) or 97.7th percentile (47% vs 29%).CONCLUSIONS:High BMI in early infancy is more strongly associated with early childhood obesity than high WFL. Forty-seven percent of infants with BMI ≥97.7th percentile at 2 months (versus 29% of infants with WFL ≥97.7th percentile at 2 months) were obese at 2 years. Epidemiologic studies focused on assessing childhood obesity risk should consider using BMI in early infancy.
Determination of Local Site-Specific Spectra Using Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for Bitlis Province, Turkey
Authors: Işık Ercan , Kutanis Mustafa 
Published: April 2016

<p>In this study, site-specific earthquake spectra for Bitlis province in Lake Van Basin has been obtained. It is noteworthy that, in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, as a first stage data from geological studies and records from the instrumental period were compiled to make a seismic source characterization for the study region.The probabilistic seismic hazard curves for Bitlis were developed based on selected appropriate attenuation relationships, at rock sites, with a probability of exceedance 2%, 10% and 50% in 50 year periods. The obtained results were compared with the spectral responses proposed for seismic evaluation and retrofit of the building structure in Turkish Earthquake Code, Section 2. At the end of this study, it is apprehended that the Code proposed earthquake response spectra are not sufficient for the performance evaluation of the existing structures and the current estimations show that the potential seismic hazard research of the Turkey is underestimated in the code.Therefore, site- specific design spectra for the region should be developed, which reflect the characteristics of local sites.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Determinación de espectros de sitio específico locales a través del análisis probabilístico de amenazas sísmicaspara la provincia de Bitlis, Turquía</strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p>En este estudio se obtuvieron espectros de terremoto de sitio específico para la cuenca del Lago de Van, en la provincia de Bitlis, al este de Turquía. La primera fase del trabajo consistió en una evaluación probabilística de riesgo sísmico donde se compilaron los estudios geológicos y registros del período instrumental para hacer una caracterización de fuente sísmica en la región de estudio. Las curvas de amenaza sísmica para la provincia de Bitlis se desarrollaron con base en las relaciones de atenuación apropiada seleccionadas en los sitios rocosos, con una probabilidad de exceso de 2 %, 10 % y 50 % durante 50 años. Los resultados obtenidos se compararon con las respuestas de espectro propuestas para la evaluación sísmica y modernización de estructuras contempladas en el Código de Terremoto de Turquía, en la sección 2. En la parte final de este trabajo se comprende que las respuestas de espectros de terremoto propuestos en el código no son suficientes para la evaluación de desempeño de las estructuras existentes y que las estimaciones actuales muestran que la investigación de amenazas potenciales sísmicas en Turquía está subestimada en el código. Por lo tanto, el diseño de espectros de sitio específico para la región se debe desarrollar, ya que permitiría conocer las singularidades locales.</p>
The Tatuí Formation (Early Permian, Paraná Basin), Brazil: Paleontology and Paleoenvironmental Considerations
Authors: Chahud Artur , Petri Setembrino 
Published: April 2016

<p>The Tatuí Formation, one of the Brazilian Paraná Basin geological units, is developed solely in the State of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. It is studied herein, through outcrops at the eastern border of the basin, which are siltstones and fine sandstones, interbedded with some coarse and conglomeratic sandstones. Published papers on its fossils are sparse, dealing with some groups but not involving the entire association. This paper deals with ichnofossils, arthropods (conchostracans, isopods, and indeterminate crustaceans), plants (pteridophytes and spermatophytes) and fish remains (scales and teeth of Actinopterygii and Sarcopterygii). Foraminifers and sponge spicules were reported in short communications without illustrations and from uncertain stratigraphic positions. The Tatuí Formation paleoenvironmental deposition evolved through three phases. The first contains only the euryhaline fossils in siltstone beds. The second phase is regressive, with continental fossils (conchostracans and plants) in massive or laminated siltstone beds and conglomerates. The third stage is transgressive with hummocky cross – stratification in sandstone and increasing salinity.</p><p> </p><p><strong>La Formación Tatuí (Pérmico Temprano, Cuenca del Paraná), Brasil: Consideraciones paleontológicas y paleoambientales</strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p>La Formación Tatuí es una unidad litoestratigráfica de la Cuenca del Paraná que aflora exclusivamente en el Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. En su borde nororiental está formada por limolitas y areniscas finas que poseen intercalaciones de areniscas gruesas y conglomeráticas. Este trabajo caracterizó en esta formación diversas evidencias de fósiles: huellas, artrópodos (conchostracos, crustáceos isópodos e indeterminados), vegetales (helechos y fanerógamas) y restos de vertebrados (escamas y dientes de Actinopterygii y Sarcopterygii). Foraminíferos y espículas de esponjas fueron reportados en comunicaciones breves, entretanto, sin estar acompañado de ilustraciones y de sus posiciones estratigráficas. Tres fases de deposición permiten reconstruir el paleoambiente de la Formación Tatuí. En la primera fase hay presencia solamente de fósiles eurihalinas en limolitas. En la segunda fase, fósiles continentales (conchostracos y vegetales) que están presentes en camadas limolíticas masivas o laminadas y en conglomerados vinculados a una etapa regresiva. Finalmente, la tercera fase se caracteriza por una etapa transgresiva con la presencia de estratificación cruzada “hummocky” y aumento de la salinidad.</p>
DUAL TASK PERFOR MANCE BETWEEN ADULTS AND ELDERLY POS T STROKE PATIENTS
Authors: Sasaki Adriana Campos , Pinto Elen Beatriz , Sousa Mayra Castro de Matos , Monteiro Maiana , Oliveira-Filho Jamary , D’Oliveira Júnior Argemiro 
Published: April 2016

Objective: Studies that assessed motor performance comparing healthy adults and old, shown agerelated differences in several parameters. It is not known whether these differences remain evident when people are under stroke condition. Our aim was to describe clinical and functional characteristics and to compare a dual task performance between older and younger post stroke individuals. Methods: We evaluated hemiparetic patients with independent gait between August/2011 and August/2012. The following scales/tests were applied: NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Modified Barthel Index (mBI), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and TUG with cognitive task (TUGcog). X2, Fisher tests or Mann Whitney U test were used when appropriated. Results: Amongst 92 participants 54.3% were adults and 45.7% were elder adults. Adults and elder adults presented similar characteristics, although statistical difference was observed at instruction level (P = .01), hypertension (P= .02), verbal fluency (P < .01) and delta time for TUGcog (P < .01). Conclusion: Individuals post stroke in this study presented slightly clinical and functional differences, but it was possible to observe that older need more time to perform multitasking. Probably, age alone is not an important factor in differentiating independent stroke patients. However, postural instability, in elderly patients, should be evaluated more carefully taking into account the attentional demands, since dual task is used in many activities of daily life.
THE rs7903146 SNP Of TCF7L2 GENE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH THE METABOLIC SYNDROME A REVIEW
Authors: Rosa Rangel Sidney , Queiroz Araújo Edilene Maria , Oliveira de Matos Erijessyka Mariá , Carvalho Gildásio , Souza Rios Domingos Lázaro 
Published: April 2016

Objective: To Conduct a systematic review of the literature in order to clarify and discuss the effects of SNP rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 gene and predisposition to Metabolic Syndrome (MS) modulation by dietary factors such variant. Methods: We performed a review of the literature in a systematic way from original studies between 2000 and 2013, found in Medline, PubMed, Wiley library, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Springer link, The University of Adelaide, DeepDyve, Cambridge journals. Results: The clinical trials reported in this study indicated a significant correlation between the risk allele of rs7903146 polymorphism and pathophysiological characteristics of MS, with the most consistent findings with changes in glucose homeostasis, insulin metabolism and atherogenic dyslipidemia for each study population. Conclusions: This review highlights the scientific evidence for rs7903146 polymorphism as one of the etiologic basis for MS. However, demonstrates the need for greater standardization of investigations, to reduce possible population variables with potential influence on the results, such as environmental factors and genetic heterogeneity.
SOME BIOCHEMICAL IMPLICATIONS IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Authors: Pinheiro Lázaro Cristiane , Pereira Pondé Milena , A. Rodrigues Luiz Erlon 
Published: April 2016

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 0.6 to 1% of the population worldwide. It is characterized by a deficit in communication and social interaction, and is associated with restricted and repetitive behavior patterns. Stereotypes include inflexible adhesion to specific non-functional routines and rituals and a persistent concern with parts of objects rather than the object as a whole. Up to the present time, there are no specific tests that permit a laboratory diagnosis of the disorder to be carried out, and the syndrome is confirmed by clinical observation in the first 36 months of the patient’s life. Clinical manifestations such as epilepsy, mental retardation, sleep disorders, hyperactivity, irritability and auto- and heteroaggressiveness may alter the patient’s prognosis. Around 50% of children with ASD fulfill the criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) associated with autism appear to indicate a distinct phenotype requiring specific therapeutic measures. ASD is not a discrete nosological entity but, rather, a multifactorial syndrome associated with different phenotypic and biological presentations. Various disorders such as pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract have been linked to ASD, not only insofar as causality is concerned but also with respect to their role in aggravating the disease. Other associated disorders include lesions in physiological processes such as the redox metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction and enzymatic regulation of essential metabolites. Currently, studies on direct and indirect markers of mitochondrial metabolism associated with anomalies found in the brain of these patients point to the possibility of these markers being used as tools with which to reach a diagnosis that would be laboratory based rather than merely clinical.
Aspectos generales de un modelo de oralidad en la Universidad Icesi
Authors: Ortega García Óscar , Rodríguez Calle James , Montaño Maritza 
Published: April 2016

This research report presents the results gathered during the stages of inquiry, compilation, and proposal of an orality model unique to Icesi University. The document is divided into five sections that make use of the Aristotelean rhetorical model: 1. Inventio: summarizes the process of establishing the need of an oral expression model for the Icesi university, including early stage research. 2. Dispositio: reviews the steps of the proposed model. 3. Elocutio: presents the theoretical background for the model. 4. Actio: a detailed characterization of the real world performance of the model. 5. Mneme: Conclusions.