bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication errors in home care: a qualitative focus group study
Authors: Berland Astrid , Bentsen Signe Berit 
Published: February 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore registered nurses’ experiences of medication errors and patient safety in home care.BackgroundThe focus of care for older patients has shifted from institutional care towards a model of home care. Medication errors are common in this situation and can result in patient morbidity and mortality.DesignAn exploratory qualitative design with focus group interviews was used.MethodsFour focus group interviews were conducted with 20 registered nurses in home care. The data were analysed using content analysis.ResultsFive categories were identified as follows: lack of information, lack of competence, reporting medication errors, trade name products vs. generic name products, and improving routines.ConclusionMedication errors occur frequently in home care and can threaten the safety of patients. Insufficient exchange of information and poor communication between the specialist and home‐care health services, and between general practitioners and healthcare workers can lead to medication errors. A lack of competence in healthcare workers can also lead to medication errors. To prevent these, it is important that there should be up‐to‐date information and communication between healthcare workers during the transfer of patients from specialist to home care. Ensuring competence among healthcare workers with regard to medication is also important. In addition, there should be openness and accurate reporting of medication errors, as well as in setting routines for the preparation, alteration and administration of medicines.Relevance to clinical practiceTo prevent medication errors in home care, up‐to‐date information and communication between healthcare workers is important when patients are transferred from specialist to home care. It is also important to ensure adequate competence with regard to medication, and that there should be openness when medication errors occur, as well as in setting routines for the preparation, alteration and administration of medications.
Clinical classification and treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy
Authors: Zhang Hongwen , Huang Jingrui , Wu Xianqing , Fan Hong , Li Han , Gao Tian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimEmbryo implantation in a cesarean scar resulting in a cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a special form of ectopic pregnancy. The aim of this article is to present our clinical classification and therapeutic strategy for CSP and to assess the efficacy, safety, and social benefits.MethodsWe categorized CSP as either risky or stable. Risky CSP have a high risk of severe hemorrhage and should be treated immediately, while stable CSP patients have neither obvious vaginal bleeding nor significantly elevated serum β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG). According to the thickness of the myometrial wall between the sac and the bladder and the location of the gestational sac, risky CSP were classified into three types and the thinner myometrial wall type (type I) was divided into three subtypes. Four treatment categories were applied to the corresponding types and subtypes of CSP. A total of 331 patients with CSP in our hospital were studied. The study group (n = 81) was treated based on our classification and optimized treatment system, while the control group (n = 250) underwent the conventional methods. We assessed the efficacy, safety, and social benefits of our classification and optimized treatment system.ResultsThe values of intraoperative blood loss, operative time, hospital stay, and hospital cost in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Suction curettage was more frequently used in the study group (P < 0.005).ConclusionOur clinical classification system and therapeutic strategy provide an effective and safe way to treat CSP patients resulting in reduced intraoperative bleeding, operative time, hospital days, and hospital cost.
Acquired hemophilia A manifesting as plasma transfusion‐uncontrolled severe bleeding 2 weeks after chorioamnionitis‐induced abortion
Authors: Matsuoka Ayumi , Sasaki Hiromasa , Sugimori Chiharu , Hirabuki Shinya , Hoshiba Tsutomu , Fujiwara Hiroshi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAcquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a serious and rare complication of pregnancy, caused by autoantibodies to coagulation factor VIII after delivery. We here report the case of a 36‐year‐old primigravida woman who developed AHA following chorioamnionitis‐caused miscarriage in the second trimester. Thirteen days after abortion, sudden, massive vaginal bleeding occurred with marked prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in the absence of other abnormal coagulation data. Sequential transfusion of fresh frozen plasma did not achieve normalization of APTT. Further examination confirmed reduction of coagulation factor VIII and the presence of its inhibitor, leading to the final diagnosis of AHA. The patient was effectively treated with bypassing agents (activated prothrombin complex concentrate and recombinant activated factor VII) and immunosuppressive therapy. Fifteen months after remission, the patient became pregnant and successfully achieved term delivery with no signs of recurrence. This case illustrates that AHA should be considered in the occurrence of plasma transfusion‐uncontrolled severe bleeding after delivery.
The interactive effects of dual‐earner couples’ job insecurity: Linking conservation of resources theory with crossover research
Authors: Debus Maike E. , Unger Dana 
Published: February 2017

The present study examines job insecurity in the context of dual‐earner couples. Linking conservation of resources theory (e.g., Hobfoll, , Am. Psychol., 44, 513) with crossover research (e.g., Westman, , Hum. Relat., 54, 717), we proposed that a partner's job insecurity constitutes an additional resource threat. Thus, the partner's job insecurity would exacerbate a person's negative reaction to his or her own job insecurity in terms of attitudinal (i.e., work engagement) and both health‐ and withdrawal‐related outcomes (i.e., psychological health and turnover intention). Using a time‐lagged design and multisource data from 171 mixed‐gender dual‐earner couples, multilevel path analysis applying the Actor‐Partner‐Interdependence Model revealed interesting gender differences. The negative relationship between the husband's job insecurity and his work engagement was stronger, the higher his wife's job insecurity was. The data further showed a moderated mediation, such that the husband's job insecurity was negatively and indirectly related to both psychological health and turnover intention (via reduced work engagement) if his wife experienced a medium or high level of job insecurity. Our study demonstrates the interactive effects of stressors in dual‐earner couples, and highlights the importance of overcoming an overly individualistic perspective when studying job insecurity in particular and stressors more generally.Practitioner points

Job insecurity has become a highly potent stressor for a large number of employees nowadays. In the context of dual‐earner couples, we demonstrate that husbands react more negatively to job insecurity if their wives experience job insecurity too.

Dual‐earner couples are advised to diversify their occupational background, such that economic downturns in one industry sector are less likely to hit both partners.

Due to the fact that particularly husbands were affected by the job insecurity of their wives, it is important to tailor psychotherapeutic approaches to this group. Because men are usually more reluctant to approach psychotherapeutic counselling, the rise of job insecurity underscores the need to circumvent chronic mental health problems with adequate interventions.

Companies are advised to communicate with their employees in a transparent way, such that employees can better cope with organizational plans relating to mergers, acquisitions, and downsizing.
The mineralogy, petrology, and composition of anomalous eucrite Emmaville
Authors: Barrett T. J. , Mittlefehldt D. W. , Greenwood R. C. , Charlier B. L. A. , Hammond S. J. , Ross D. K. , Anand M. , Franchi I. A. , Abernethy F. A. J. , Grady M. M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Emmaville eucrite is a relatively poorly studied basaltic achondrite with an anomalous oxygen isotope signature. In this study, we report comprehensive mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical data from Emmaville in order to understand its petrogenesis and relationship with the basaltic eucrites. Emmaville is an unusually fine‐grained, hornfelsic‐textured metabasalt with pervasive impact melt veins and mineral compositions similar to those of typical basaltic eucrites. The major and trace element bulk composition of Emmaville is also typical of a basaltic eucrite. Three separated individual lithologies were also analyzed for O isotopes; a dark gray fraction (E1), a shocked lithology (E2), and a lighter gray portion (E3). Fractions E1 and E2 shared similar O isotope compositions to the bulk sample (E‐B), whereas the lighter gray portion (E3) is slightly elevated in Δ17O and significantly elevated in δ18O compared to bulk. No evidence for any exogenous material is observed in the thin sections, coupled with the striking compositional similarity to typical basaltic eucrites, appears to preclude a simple impact‐mixing hypothesis. The O‐isotopes of Emmaville are similar to those of Bunburra Rockhole, A‐881394, and EET 92023, and thus distinct from the majority of the HEDs, despite having similarities in petrology, mineral, and bulk compositions. It would, therefore, seem plausible that all four of these samples are derived from a single HED‐like parent body that is isotopically distinct from that of the HEDs (Vesta) but similar in composition.
Transporters as information processors in bacterial signalling pathways
Authors: Piepenbreier Hannah , Fritz Georg , Gebhard Susanne 
Published: February 2017

SummaryTransporters are essential players in bacterial growth and survival, since they are key for uptake of nutrients on the one hand, and for defence against endogenous and environmental stresses on the other hand. Remarkably, in addition to their primary role in substrate translocation, it has become clear that some transporters have acquired a secondary function as sensors and information processors in signalling pathways. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of the role of transporters in such signalling cascades, and discuss some of the emergent dynamic behaviour found in hallmark examples. A particular focus is placed on new insights into mechanistic details of information transfer between transporters and regulatory proteins. Quantitative considerations reveal that these signalling complexes can implement a remarkable diversity of regulatory logic functions, where the transporter can act as activity switch, as positive or negative reporter of transport flux, or as a signalling hub for the integration of multiple inputs. Such a dual use of transport proteins not only enables efficient substrate translocation but is also an elegant strategy to integrate important information about the cell's external conditions with its current physiological state.
Clinical application of a gadolinium‐based capsule as an MRI contrast agent in slow transit constipation diagnostics
Authors: Zhi M. , Zhou Z. , Chen H. , Xiong F. , Huang J. , He H. , Zhang M. , Su M. , Gao X. , Hu P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundAs a traditional method for the assessment of colon dynamics, radio‐opaque markers (ROMs) are limited in clinical use because of their ionizing radiation. We compared the accuracy and applicability of gadolinium‐based capsules with ROMs in the measurement of colon dynamics in healthy controls and slow transit constipation (STC) patients.MethodsSeven patients with STC and nine healthy controls under a normal diet orally consumed ROMs and gadolinium‐based capsules simultaneously. All subjects underwent X‐ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Healthy control images were acquired at 12, 24, and 48 h, and STC patient images were acquired at 24, 48, and 72 h. The scores based on the position of the labeling capsules and ROMs in the colon and the colon transit times (CTTs) in the two groups were compared.Key ResultsThe CTTs obtained via the ROMs were 34.7±17.4 and 67.3±6.5 h in the healthy controls and STC patients, respectively (P<.05). The CTTs obtained via MRI were 30.9±15.9 and 74.1±7.2 h in the healthy controls and STC patients, respectively (P<.05). The CTTs of the STC patients were significantly longer than the healthy controls. The correlation (rs) between the scores based on the position of the labeling capsule and ROMs in the healthy group and the STC patients was .880 (P<.05) and .889 (P<.05), respectively.Conclusions and InferencesAs a MRI contrast label, gadolinium‐based capsules exhibit results comparable to ROMs in colon motility measurements.
Clinal population divergence in an adaptive parental environmental effect that adjusts seed banking
Authors: Lampei Christian , Metz Johannes , Tielbörger Katja 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBet‐hedging via between‐year seed dormancy is a costly strategy for plants in unpredictable environments. Theoretically, fitness costs can be reduced through a parental environmental effect when the environment is partly predictable. We tested whether populations from environments that differ in predictability diverged in parental effects on seed dormancy.Common garden‐produced seeds of the two annual plant speciesBiscutella didymaandBromus fasciculatuscollected along an aridity gradient were grown under 12 irrigation treatments. Offspring germination was evaluated and related to environmental correlations between generations and their fitness consequences at the four study sites.One species exhibited strong seed dormancy that increased with unpredictability in seasonal precipitation. The parental effect on seed dormancy also increased proportionally with the environmental correlation between precipitation in the parental season and seedling density in the following season; this correlation increased from mesic to arid environments. Because fitness was negatively related to density, this parental effect may be adaptive. However, the lack of dormancy in the second species indicates that bet‐hedging is not the only strategy for annual plants in arid environments.Our results provide the first evidence for clinal variation in the relative strength of parental effects along environmental gradients.
Comparison of treatment outcome between symptomatic and asymptomatic impacted mandibular third molars: a pilot study
Authors: Anyanechi C.E. , Saheeb B.D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimTo determine and compare the treatment outcome between symptomatic and asymptomatic impacted mandibular third molars in the same patients who presented with bilateral impacted mandibular third molars.MethodsThis preliminary study was done at the Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of our institution over a period of 18 months. The variables analysed were age, gender, socio‐economic class, duration of symptoms before treatment, types of impaction and complaints during the follow‐up. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed and the P value was set at 0.05.ResultsThe sample was composed of 27 patients, and their ages ranged from 18 to 41 years with a mean age of 31 ± 2.3 years. There were more males than females, with male: female ratio of 1.1:1. The complication rate was 8 (29.6%) in 5/27 (18.5%) patients under symptomatic wisdom teeth impaction while in asymptomatic impacted teeth, the rate was 2 (7.4%) in 2/27 (7.4%) patients and this difference was significant (P = 0.02). The complications occurred only in patients in the lower socio‐economic class (P = 0.01) and in symptomatic cases, the longer the duration of symptoms before treatment, the more the complications (P = 0.001). The complications following treatment were alveolar osteitis, numbness of the ipsilateral lower lip and hypersensitivity of the adjacent second molar.ConclusionThis study shows that the surgical extractions of symptomatic and asymptomatic impacted mandibular third molars were associated with post‐operative complications that were more in the symptomatic cases. The findings in this study may have to be investigated further in a future study.
Individual versus Village Lending: Evidence from Montenegro
Authors: Beck Thorsten , Behr Patrick 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes differences in loan performance across two Montenegrin microfinance institutions with different lending techniques using a sample of individuals borrowing from both institutions. We make use of administrative data from both institutions over the period 2004–2013. While one institution relies on village associations for screening and monitoring of borrowers, the other institution uses the individual liability approach. We find that the likelihood to go into arrears is higher for the institution with a strictly individual lending technique, while the likelihood of going into arrears over 30 days is higher for the institution working with village associations. These results are robust to a variety of additional tests, including different definitions of arrears and subsamples. Our findings suggest that the institution using an individual lending technique provides certain flexibility to its clients, while the village‐based microfinance institution might face more strategic default behavior. We provide evidence that once a borrower is in arrears, (s)he is more likely to stay in arrears for more than 30 days in branches with a higher share of borrowers in arrears and in the village‐based lender. Our findings provide evidence that a village‐ or group‐based lending technique is not necessarily superior to the individual lending technique in terms of loan performance.
Hopelessness Predicts Suicide Ideation But Not Attempts: A 10‐Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Qiu Tianyou , Klonsky E. David , Klein Daniel N. 
Published: February 2017

Hopelessness is one of the most commonly cited risk factors for suicidal behaviors. However, several retrospective studies suggest that hopelessness, while strongly correlated with suicide ideation, does not distinguish attempters from ideators without attempts. This study is the first to utilize a prospective design to disambiguate the relationship of hopelessness to ideation versus attempts. Participants were 142 depressed patients followed up over 10 years. Hopelessness and suicidality (ideation and attempts) were assessed using validated questionnaires and structured interviews. Both retrospective and prospective analyses revealed that hopelessness was higher among those reporting any suicidality (ideation or attempts) compared with nonsuicidal individuals. However, hopelessness failed to meaningfully distinguish attempters from ideators in both retrospective and prospective analyses. Taken together with results from previous studies, our findings suggest hopelessness is best conceptualized as a risk factor for suicide ideation but not progression from ideation to attempts.
Plasma treated with amotosalen and ultraviolet A light retains activity for hemostasis after 5 days post‐thaw storage at 1 to 6oC
Authors: Erickson Anna , Waldhaus Katie , David Tovo , Huang Norman , Rico Salvador , Corash Laurence , Mufti Nina , Benjamin Richard J. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDPlasma thawed and stored at 1 to 6°C for up to 5 days (thawed plasma [TP]) provides rapid availability in emergencies and reduces plasma waste, but it carries risks of coagulation factor loss or activation, bacterial outgrowth, and viral contamination. We characterized changes in amotosalen/ultraviolet A (UVA) light pathogen‐reduced, fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) and plasma frozen within 24 hours (PF24) with post‐thaw storage.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAmotosalen/UVA light‐treated FFP and PF24 were thawed after approximately 3 to more than 12 months of frozen storage and held at 1 to 6°C for 5 days. Global assessments of coagulation and hemostatic, antithrombotic, and activation markers indicative of function were assessed.RESULTSDay 5, thawed amotosalen/UVA light‐treated FFP and PF24 contained levels of Factors II, V, VIII, IX, X, von Willebrand factor ristocetin cofactor (vWF:RCo), fibrinogen, antithrombin III (ATIII), protein C, and protein S similar to the levels measured in Day 5 TP, as described in the Circular of Information. Thrombin generation was robust on Day 5 (amotosalen/UVA: FFP = 1866 ± 402 nM/minute; PF24 = 1800 ± 277 nM/minute). Most factor activities on Day 5, including von Willebrand factor‐cleaving protease (ADAMTS‐13), were more than 90% of Day 0 values, except for known labile Factors V and VIII and protein S. All units contained greater than 0.4 IU/mL protein S and α2 plasmin inhibitor on Day 5. Global functional indices, including thrombin‐antithrombin complexes, nonactivated thromboplastin time, and thrombin‐generation peak height, did not indicate activation of the coagulation cascade, although isolated units showed raised levels of Factor VIIa and Complement 3a.CONCLUSIONAmotosalen/UVA light‐treated FFP and PF24 demonstrated retention of procoagulant and antithrombotic activity after 5 days post‐thaw storage at 1 to 6°C.
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Inhibits Type I Interferon Production by Interfering with TRIM25-Mediated RIG-I Ubiquitination
Authors: Hu Yong , Li Wei , Gao Ting , Cui Yan , Jin Yanwen , Li Ping , Ma Qingjun , Liu Xuan , Cao Cheng 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a respiratory disease, caused by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV), that is characterized by atypical pneumonia. The nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of SARS-CoV plays an important role in inhibition of type I interferon (IFN) production via an unknown mechanism. In this study, the SARS-CoV N protein was found to bind to the SPRY domain of the tripartite motif protein 25 (TRIM25) E3 ubiquitin ligase, thereby interfering with the association between TRIM25 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and inhibiting TRIM25-mediated RIG-I ubiquitination and activation. Type I IFN production induced by poly I·C or Sendai virus (SeV) was suppressed by the SARS-CoV N protein. SARS-CoV replication was increased by overexpression of the full-length N protein but not N amino acids 1 to 361, which could not interact with TRIM25. These findings provide an insightful interpretation of the SARS-CoV-mediated host innate immune suppression caused by the N protein.

IMPORTANCE
The SARS-CoV N protein is essential for the viral life cycle and plays a key role in the virus-host interaction. We demonstrated that the interaction between the C terminus of the N protein and the SPRY domain of TRIM25 inhibited TRIM25-mediated RIG-I ubiquitination, which resulted in the inhibition of IFN production. We also found that the Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) N protein interacted with TRIM25 and inhibited RIG-I signaling. The outcomes of these findings indicate the function of the coronavirus N protein in modulating the host's initial innate immune response.