bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hormonal Treatment Effects on the Cross‐sectional Area of Pubococcygeus Muscle Fibers After Denervation and Castration in Male Rats
Authors: Lara‐García Miguel , Alvarado Mayvi , Cuevas Estela , Lara‐García Omar , Sengelaub Dale R. , Pacheco Pablo 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTWe explore the interaction of muscle innervation and gonadal hormone action in the pubococcygeus muscle (Pcm) after castration and hormone replacement. Male Wistar rats were castrated and the Pcm was unilaterally denervated; after 2 or 6 weeks, the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of Pcm fibers was assessed. Additional groups of castrated rats were used to examine the effects of hormone replacement. At 2 weeks post surgeries, rats were implanted with Silastic capsules containing either dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol benzoate (EB) or both hormones, and the CSA of Pcm fibers was assessed after 4 weeks of hormone treatment. At 2 weeks post surgeries, gonadectomy without hormone replacement resulted in reductions in the CSA of Pcm fibers, and denervation combined with castration increased the magnitude of this effect; further reductions in CSA were present at 6 weeks post surgeries, but again denervation combined with castration increased the magnitude of this effect. Hormone replacement with DHT resulted in hypertrophy in the CSA of nondenervated muscles compared to those of intact normal males, but this effect was attenuated in denervated muscles. Hormone replacement with EB treatment prevented further castration‐induced reductions in CSA of nondenervated muscles, but denervation prevented this effect. Similar to that seen with treatment with EB alone, combined treatment with both DHT and EB prevented further reductions in CSA of Pcm fibers in nondenervated muscles, but again denervation attenuated this effect. Thus, while hormone replacement can reverse or prevent further castration‐induced atrophy of Pcm fibers, these effects are dependent on muscle innervation. Anat Rec, 300:1327–1335, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of the neuropharmacological drug nodakenin in rat plasma and brain tissues by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: Application to pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Song Yingshi , Yan Huiyu , Xu Jingbo , Ma Hongxi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detection using selected reaction monitoring in positive ionization mode was developed and validated for the quantification of nodakenin in rat plasma and brain. Pareruptorin A was used as internal standard. A single step liquid–liquid extraction was used for plasma and brain sample preparation. The method was validated with respect to selectivity, precision, accuracy, linearity, limit of quantification, recovery, matrix effect and stability. Lower limit of quantification of nodakenin was 2.0 ng/mL in plasma and brain tissue homogenates. Linear calibration curves were obtained over concentration ranges of 2.0–1000 ng/mL in plasma and brain tissue homogenates for nodakenin. Intra‐day and inter‐day precisions (relative standard deviation, RSD) were <15% in both biological media. This assay was successfully applied to plasma and brain pharmacokinetic studies of nodakenin in rats after intravenous administration.
I Dig Therefore We Are: Community Archaeology, Place‐based Social Identity, and Intergroup Relations Within Local Communities
Authors: Coen Sharon , Meredith Joanne , Condie Jenna 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCommunity involvement in archaeological digs aims to reconnect people with the history and heritage of where they live. This paper applies social psychological theories to understand how community archaeological projects create opportunities for place‐based social identity and positive intergroup relations. Focus groups were conducted across five areas of Greater Manchester (UK) with 24 participants who volunteered for Dig Greater Manchester, a community archaeology initiative. The focus groups aimed to understand how experiences of participating in digs and exploring local heritage modified, strengthened or initiated identification with place and community, thus moving from individual levels to social levels of identity. The findings offer insight as to the ways in which people make sense of their own—and others'—place‐based social identities as a result of participating in community archaeological digs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling of S‐Nitrosothiol–Thiol Reactions of Biological Significance: HNO Production by S‐Thiolation Requires a Proton Shuttle and Stabilization of Polar Intermediates
Authors: Ivanova Lena V. , Cibich Daniel , Deye Gregory , Talipov Marat R. , Timerghazin Qadir K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNitroxyl (HNO), a reduced form of the important gasotransmitter nitric oxide, exhibits its own unique biological activity. A possible biological pathway of HNO formation is the S‐thiolation reaction between thiols and S‐nitrosothiols (RSNOs). Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that S‐thiolation proceeds through a proton transfer from the thiol to the RSNO nitrogen atom, which increases electrophilicity of the RSNO sulfur, followed by nucleophilic attack by thiol, yielding a charge‐separated zwitterionic intermediate structure RSS+(R)N(H)O− (Zi), which decomposes to yield HNO and disulfide RSSR. In the gas phase, the proton transfer and the S−S bond formation are asynchronous, resulting in a high activation barrier (>40 kcal mol−1), making the reaction infeasible. However, the barrier can decrease below the S−N bond dissociation energy in RSNOs (≈30 kcal mol−1) upon transition into an aqueous environment that stabilizes Zi and provides a proton shuttle to synchronize the proton transfer and the S−S bond formation. These mechanistic features suggest that S‐thiolation can easily lend itself to enzymatic catalysis and thus can be a possible route of endogenous HNO production.
DNA‐Targeted Inhibition of MGMT
Authors: Marsoner Theodor , Schmidt Olivia P. , Triemer Therese , Luedtke Nathan W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe cationic porphyrin 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis (diisopropyl‐guanidine)‐21H,23H‐porphine (DIGPor) selectively binds to DNA containing O6‐methylguanine (O6‐MeG) and inhibits the DNA repair enzyme O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). The O6‐MeG selectivity and MGMT inhibitory activity of DIGPor were improved by incorporating ZnII into the porphyrin. The resulting metal complex (Zn‐DIGPor) potentiated the activity of the DNA‐alkylating drug temozolomide in an MGMT‐expressing cell line. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of DNA‐targeted MGMT inhibition.
Lithium‐Catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov Intermolecular Hydroamination Reactions of Vinylarenes and Simple Secondary Amines
Authors: Germain Stéphane , Lecoq Meije , Schulz Emmanuelle , Hannedouche Jérôme 
Published: February 2017

AbstractVarious β‐arylethylamine derivatives were straightforwardly obtained by the lithium‐catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov selective intermolecular hydroamination reaction of secondary aliphatic amines with vinylarenes. The use of only 1.5 mol % LiCH2TMS as a solid base in THF proved to be efficient to deliver the target products at room temperature with up to complete conversions. Both reaction partners were, moreover, used in equivalent amounts; thus, this protocol best respects the concepts of sustainable chemistry for the easy preparation of lead structures for pharmaceutically active compounds.
Selective Oxidation of Activated Alcohols by Supported Gold Nanoparticles under an Atmospheric Pressure of O2: Batch and Continuous‐Flow Studies
Authors: Giorgi Pascal D. , Elizarov Nelli , Antoniotti Sylvain 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn the hunt for a simple, mild, and scalable protocol for gold nanoparticle‐catalyzed oxidation of benzylic and allylic alcohols under O2, we have used commercially available gold nanoparticles supported on alumina to selectively oxidize a large range of activated alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in good yields (68–99 %) and with excellent selectivity (ca. 100 %). The true heterogeneous nature of the catalysis by gold was demonstrated, allowing us to further adapt this protocol to continuous‐flow reactors by using the tube‐in‐tube technology, in which higher yields were obtained thanks to an improved oxygenation of the reaction medium.
A Robust Metal–Organic Framework Combining Open Metal Sites and Polar Groups for Methane Purification and CO2/Fluorocarbon Capture
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Xia , Zheng Shao‐Ping , Wei Zhang‐Wen , Cao Chen‐Chen , Wang Hai‐Ping , Wang Dawei , Jiang Ji‐Jun , Fenske Dieter , Su Cheng‐Yong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA 3D porous perchlorinated metal–organic framework (MOF), LIFM‐26, featuring dual functionality, that is, functional polar groups and open metal sites, has been synthesized using perchlorinated linear dicarboxylate to link trigonal prismatic Fe3(μ3‐O) units. LIFM‐26 exhibits good thermal and chemical stability, and possesses high porosity with a BET surface area of 1513 m2 g−1, compared with isoreticular MOF‐235 and Fe3O(F4BDC)3(H2O)3 (F4BDC=2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate). Most strikingly, LIFM‐26 features good gas sorption/separation performance at 298 K and 1 atm with IAST selectivity values reaching up to 36, 93, 23, 11, 46, and 202 for CO2/CH4, CO2/N2, C2H4/CH4, C2H6/CH4, C3H8/CH4, and R22/N2 (R22=CHClF2), respectively, showing potential for use in biogas/natural gas purification and CO2/R22 capture.
How Boron Doping Shapes the Optoelectronic Properties of Canonical and Phenylene‐Containing Oligoacenes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Kirschner Sven , Mewes Jan‐Michael , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Dreuw Andreas , Wagner Matthias 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOptimized syntheses of 6,13‐dimesityl‐6,13‐dihydro‐6,13‐diborapentacene (DBP) and a related compound (DBI) featuring two biphenylene‐2,3‐diyl units in place of naphthalene‐2,3‐diyl moieties are reported. Striking differences between the optoelectronic properties of DBP and DBI have been experimentally observed, and explained by quantum chemical calculations. DBP is a member of the oligoacene family, DBI is a linear [N]phenylene derivative. The yellow DBP shows blue photoluminescence, the deep red DBI is nonfluorescent. Both compounds give rise to two reversible redox transitions at E
=−2.03 V, −2.75 V (DBP) and −1.52 V, −2.30 V (DBI; THF, vs. FcH/FcH+). The higher electron affinity of DBI agrees with a lower calculated LUMO energy level [−0.57 eV for DBI with respect to DBP @HF//SCS‐MP2/def2‐TZVP] and a higher Lewis acidity of its boron centers, which is reflected in the trend of adduct formation with small Lewis bases (MeCN, F−). The thermochemistry underlying this trend, as well as the mechanism of fluorescence quenching in DBI, are revealed by state‐of‐the‐art quantum chemical calculations. It is suggested that the nonradiative deactivation occurs via a low‐lying, doubly excited state.
Treatment trends for patients with brain metastases: Does practice reflect the data?
Authors: Sandler Kiri A. , Shaverdian Narek , Cook Ryan R. , Kishan Amar U. , King Christopher R. , Yang Isaac , Steinberg Michael L. , Lee Percy 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDPublished guidelines regarding the optimal treatment strategies for brain metastases focus on patients with ≤3 lesions. As delivery techniques for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) improve, radiation oncologists are increasingly using it for patients with >3 metastases. In the current study, the authors sought to characterize practice patterns among practitioners to identify areas of controversy.METHODSA survey of practicing radiation oncologists was distributed via e‐mail. Responses were collected from April 1 to May 5, 2016. Survey data were analyzed.RESULTSA total of 711 currently practicing radiation oncologists responded, for a response rate of 12.5%. Specialists in central nervous system tumors (CNS specialists) were more likely to treat higher numbers of patients with brain metastases with SRS. There was a significant difference in the optimal “cutoff number” used when deciding how many lesions to treat with SRS versus whole‐brain radiotherapy. Cutoff numbers were significantly higher for high‐volume CNS specialists (≥10 patients/month) than for either low‐volume CNS specialists (5‐9 patients/month) or high‐volume, non‐CNS specialists (8.1 vs 5.6 and 5.1, respectively; P<.001). A majority of respondents (56%) identified patients with 4 to 6 brain metastases as being the most challenging patients to treat.CONCLUSIONSTo the authors’ knowledge, there appears to be no consensus regarding the optimal treatment strategy among patients with >3 brain metastases, and practice patterns are heterogeneous. Radiation oncologists, especially high‐volume CNS specialists, are treating significantly more brain metastases with SRS than what currently is recommended by published consensus guidelines. Providers struggle with patients with a moderate intracranial disease burden. Further prospective studies are needed to support these practice patterns and guide decision making. Cancer 2017;123:2274–2282. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Segregated fronto‐cortical and midbrain connections in the mouse and their relation to approach and avoidance orienting behaviors
Authors: Savage Michael Anthony , McQuade Richard , Thiele Alexander 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe orchestration of orienting behaviors requires the interaction of many cortical and subcortical areas, for example the superior colliculus (SC), as well as prefrontal areas responsible for top–down control. Orienting involves different behaviors, such as approach and avoidance. In the rat, these behaviors are at least partially mapped onto different SC subdomains, the lateral (SCl) and medial (SCm), respectively. To delineate the circuitry involved in the two types of orienting behavior in mice, we injected retrograde tracer into the intermediate and deep layers of the SCm and SCl, and thereby determined the main input structures to these subdomains. Overall the SCm receives larger numbers of afferents compared to the SCl. The prefrontal cingulate area (Cg), visual, oculomotor, and auditory areas provide strong input to the SCm, while prefrontal motor area 2 (M2), and somatosensory areas provide strong input to the SCl. The prefrontal areas Cg and M2 in turn connect to different cortical and subcortical areas, as determined by anterograde tract tracing. Even though connectivity pattern often overlap, our labeling approaches identified segregated neural circuits involving SCm, Cg, secondary visual cortices, auditory areas, and the dysgranular retrospenial cortex likely to be involved in avoidance behaviors. Conversely, SCl, M2, somatosensory cortex, and the granular retrospenial cortex comprise a network likely involved in approach/appetitive behaviors.
Effect of Sustained Elevated Gastric pH Levels on Gefitinib Exposure
Authors: Tang Weifeng , Tomkinson Helen , Masson Eric 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis open‐label, randomized, phase 1 crossover study investigated the effect of elevated gastric pH level (>5) on the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. Healthy male volunteers (n = 26) were randomized to gefitinib 250 mg (fasted), either alone on day 1 (unmodified gastric pH) or 1 hour following the second of 2 oral doses of the H2‐receptor antagonist ranitidine 450 mg (elevated gastric pH). After a 3‐week washout period, volunteers crossed to the other treatment. The geometric least‐squares (GLS) mean AUC0–∞ and Cmax for gefitinib were reduced by 47% and 71%, respectively, under conditions of sustained elevated gastric pH; for both parameters, the 90%CI for the ratio of the GLS means lay below the prespecified lower limit. Median tmax was delayed from 5 to 6 hours. Mean t1/2 was similar under both gastric pH conditions. No serious adverse events were reported. The bioavailability of a single oral gefitinib 250‐mg dose was reduced by approximately 50% when gefitinib was administered under conditions of sustained elevated gastric pH.
Unsymmetrically Substituted Donor–π–Acceptor‐Type 5,15‐Diazaporphyrin Sensitizers: Synthesis, Optical and Photovoltaic Properties
Authors: Omomo Satoshi , Tsuji Yukihiro , Sugiura Kenichi , Higashino Tomohiro , Nakano Haruyuki , Imahori Hiroshi , Matano Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe first examples of unsymmetrical β‐substituted donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A)‐type 5,15‐diazaporphyrin (DAP) sensitizers with both p‐aminophenyl and p‐carboxyphenyl groups at their peripheral 3‐, 7‐, 13‐, and/or 17‐positions have been synthesized for use in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). UV/Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, electrochemical measurements, and DFT calculations revealed that these D–π–A dyes exhibit high light‐harvesting properties over the whole visible range because of the intrinsic charge‐transfer character of their electronic transitions. The cell performances of TiO2‐based DSSCs fabricated with the newly prepared DAP derivatives were evaluated under standard AM1.5 conditions. Among the four dyes examined, 13,17‐bis(p‐carboxyphenyl)‐3,7‐bis[p‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)phenyl]‐DAP showed the highest power conversion efficiency (2.0 %), which was 20 times larger than that obtained with 3‐(p‐carboxyphenyl)‐DAP. These results show that the DAP chromophore could be used as the electron‐accepting π unit in various types of functional dyes.
Intramolecular Photogeneration of a Tyrosine Radical in a Designed Protein
Authors: Tebo Alison G. , Quaranta Annamaria , Herrero Christian , Pecoraro Vincent L. , Aukauloo Ally 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLong‐distance biological electron transfer occurs through a hopping mechanism and often involves tyrosine as a high potential intermediate, for example in the early charge separation steps during photosynthesis. Protein design allows for the development of minimal systems to study the underlying principles of complex systems. Herein, we report the development of the first ruthenium‐linked designed protein for the photogeneration of a tyrosine radical by intramolecular electron transfer.
Electrochemical Water Oxidation by a Catalyst‐Modified Metal–Organic Framework Thin Film
Authors: Lin Shaoyang , Pineda‐Galvan Yuliana , Maza William A. , Epley Charity C. , Zhu Jie , Kessinger Matthew C. , Pushkar Yulia , Morris Amanda J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Dr. Amanda Morris at Virginia Tech and their collaborators at Purdue University in the laboratory of Dr. Yulia Pushkar. The cover image shows a mononuclear, Ru‐catalyst‐modified metal–organic framework (MOF) that oxidizes water electrochemically. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201601181.
Multihop data gathering in wireless sensor networks with a mobile sink
Authors: Tashtarian Farzad , Sohraby Khosrow , Varasteh Amir 
Published: February 2017

SummaryNetwork performance can be improved by using a mobile sink (MS) to collect sensed data in a wireless sensor network. In this paper, we design an efficient trajectory for MS, collecting data from sensor nodes in a multihop fashion, with the aim of prolonging the network lifetime. Considering event‐driven applications, we present an approach to jointly determine the optimal trajectory for MS and data paths and transmission rates from source nodes to MS, without considering any rendezvous points. In these applications, an MS is supposed to harvest the data from source nodes in a given time‐slot. We first show that this problem is in form of a mixed integer nonlinear programming model, which is NP‐hard. Then, to achieve an approximate solution, we divide the mentioned problem into 2 simple subproblems. In fact, after determining an approximate zone for the trajectory of MS, the optimal data paths and transmission rates from source nodes to the MS are obtained through a mathematical optimization model. Finally, to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach, we compare the performance of our algorithm to an rendezvous point–based and also the state‐of‐the‐art approach in different scenarios.
Variation in subsurface thermal characteristics of microrefuges used by range core and peripheral populations of the American pika (Ochotona princeps)
Authors: Rodhouse Thomas J. , Hovland Matthew , Jeffress Mackenzie R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMicrorefuges provide microclimates decoupled from inhospitable regional climate regimes that enable range‐peripheral populations to persist and are important to cold‐adapted species in an era of accelerated climate change. However, identifying and describing the thermal characteristics of microrefuge habitats is challenging, particularly for mobile organisms in cryptic, patchy habitats. We examined variation in subsurface thermal conditions of microrefuge habitats among different rock substrate types used by the American pika (Ochotona princeps), a climate‐sensitive, rock‐dwelling Lagomorph. We compared subsurface temperatures in talus and lava substrates in pika survey sites in two US national park units; one park study area on the range periphery and the other in the range core. We deployed paired sensors to examine within‐site temperature variation. We hypothesized that subsurface temperatures within occupied sites and structurally complex substrates would be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than unoccupied and less complex sites. Although within‐site variability was high, with correlations between paired sensors as low as 47%, we found compelling evidence that pikas occupy microrefuge habitats where subsurface conditions provide more thermal stability than in unoccupied microhabitats. The percentage of days in which microhabitat temperatures were between −2.5 and 25.5°C was significantly higher in occupied sites. Interestingly, thermal conditions were substantially more stable (p < .05) in the lava substrate type identified to be preferentially used by pikas (pahoehoe vs. a'a) in a previous study. Our study and others suggest that thermal stability appears to be the defining characteristic of subsurface microrefuges used by American pikas and is a likely explanation for enigmatic population persistence at the range periphery. Our study exemplifies an integrated approach for studying complex microhabitat conditions, paired with site use surveys and contextualized with information about gene flow provided by complementary studies.