bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feminization of the fat distribution pattern of children and adolescents in a recent German population
Authors: Scheffler Christiane , Dammhahn Melanie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesDuring the early 1990s, the economic and political situation in eastern Germany changed overnight. Here, we use the rare chance of an experiment‐like setting in humans and aim to test whether the rapid change of environmental conditions in eastern Germany in the 1990s led to a change in the sex‐specific fat distribution pattern, an endocrine‐influenced phenotypic marker.METHODSBased on a cross‐sectional data set of 6‐ to 18‐year‐old girls and boys measured between 1982–1991 and 1997–2012, we calculated a skinfold ratio of triceps to subscapular and percentage of body fat. Using linear regressions, we tested for differences in percentage of body fat and skinfold ratio between these two time periods.RESULTSWe found that the percentage of body fat increased in boys and girls, and they accumulated relatively more fat on extremities than on the trunk in all BMI groups measured after 1997 as compared to those measured between 1982 and 1991.CONCLUSIONSConcurrent with drastic and rapid changes of environmental conditions, the body fat distribution of children and adolescents changed to a more feminized pattern during the early 1990s in an East German population. The changes in this endocrinologically mediated pattern might be associated with the increased exposure of individuals to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals which are known to influence the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems in animals and humans.
Cu‐Catalyzed Synthesis of C‐3 Dicarbonyl Indoles via Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Acetophenones with Indoles
Authors: Guo Shiyu , Dai Zhongxue , Hua Jiawei , Jiang Wenjin , Yang Zhao , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA Cu‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling of acetophenones with indoles has been developed, and is an efficient and practical C−H (sp3) functionalization approach to C‐3 dicarbonyl indoles, using O2 as the green oxidant. Moreover, a series of dicarbonyl indoles have been obtained smoothly and the plausible mechanism is proposed based on control experiments.
Synthesis, characterization, and gas transport properties of new semifluorinated poly(ether imide)s containing cardo moiety
Authors: Chatterjee Rimpa , Ghosh Sipra , Bisoi Soumendu , Banerjee Susanta 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA series of new semifluorinated poly(ether imide)s (PEI)s was synthesized from a diamine monomer, 9,9‐bis‐[3‐phenyl‐4‐{2′‐trifluoromethyl‐4′‐(4′′‐aminophenyl)phenoxy} phenyl]fluorene on reaction with three different aromatic dianhydrides namely, 4,4′‐(4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenoxy)bis(phthalic anhydride), 4,4'‐(hexafluoro‐isopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride, and 4,4'‐oxydiphthalic anhydride. The PEIs were well characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic, thermal, mechanical, electrical, and optical techniques. The synthesized PEIs showed high glass transition temperature (Tg up to 288 °C) and high thermal stability (Td,10 up to 521 °C under synthetic air), high tensile strength, up to 76 MPa and low dielectric constant (ɛ) (2.35–2.61 at 1 MHz). The membranes prepared from these polymers were studied for their gas permeability for four different gases CO2, O2, N2, and CH4. The PEI membranes showed high gas permeability (PCO2 up to 70.3 and PO2 up to 16.7 Barrer) and high permselectivity (PCO2/PCH4 up to 73.6 and PO2/PN2 up to 13.4); for the O2/N2 gas pair the PEIs surpassed the present upper boundary limit of 2008 drawn by Robeson. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45213.
Surgical resection for Bismuth type IV perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Ebata T , Mizuno T , Yokoyama Y , Igami T , Sugawara G , Nagino M 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
Bismuth type IV perihilar cholangiocarcinoma has traditionally been categorized as unresectable disease. The aim of this study was to review experience with a resection-based strategy in patients who have type IV perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Methods
Medical records of consecutive patients with a diagnosis of type IV perihilar cholangiocarcinoma between 2006 and 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Primary outcomes assessed were surgical results and long-term survival.

Results
Of the 332 patients with type IV tumour, 216 (65·1 per cent) underwent resection. Left hepatic trisectionectomy was the most common procedure (112 patients). Combined vascular resection was performed in 131 patients. Median duration of operation was 607 (range 356–1045) min, and blood loss was 1357 (209–10 349) ml. Complications of Clavien–Dindo grade III or more developed in 90 patients (41·7 per cent) and four (1·9 per cent) died from complications within 90 days. Survival rates were better for the 216 patients whose tumours were resected than for the 116 patients with unresected tumours (32·8 versus 1·5 per cent at 5 years; P &lt; 0·001). Patients with pN0 M0 disease after resection had a favourable 5-year survival rate of 53 per cent. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, blood transfusion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were identified as independent negative prognostic factors for survival.

Conclusion
Although resection for type IV tumour is technically demanding with high morbidity, it can be performed with low mortality and offers better survival probability in selected patients.
A “tetra‐axial” system in transfemoral lead extraction
Authors: Isawa Tsuyoshi , Yamada Takashi , Honda Taku , Yamaya Kazuhiro , Ootomo Tatsushi 
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical MessagePacemaker lead extractors must become familiar with transfemoral approaches for lead extraction as a bail‐out procedure for a failed superior approach. We presented a “tetra‐axial” system for transfemoral lead extraction. This system would be more widely applicable in cases with difficulties in extraction, resulting in more procedural success.
Ruthenium Oxide Incorporated One‐Dimensional Cobalt Oxide Composite Nanowires as Lithium–Oxygen Battery Cathode Catalysts
Authors: Kim Youngmin , Park Jong Hoon , Kim Jong Guk , Noh Yuseong , Kim Yoongon , Han Hyunsu , Kim Won Bae 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRuthenium oxide/cobalt oxide composite nanowires (RuO2/Co3O4 NWs) have been synthesized through a simple and efficient electrospinning method for use as bifunctional electrocatalysts in rechargeable lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) battery cathodes. The as‐prepared NWs have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The intrinsic activities of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) over the obtained composite NWs are studied using a rotating‐disk electrode technique. The RuO2/Co3O4 NWs exhibit superior bifunctional electrocatalytic activities for both the ORR and the OER if compared to the activities of the Co3O4 NWs and only Ketjenblack (KB). If the RuO2/Co3O4 NWs are employed as cathode catalysts in Li–O2 cells, great improvements in terms of the discharge capacity, coulombic efficiency, and cycle stability with low discharge‐charge overpotentials are achieved. These can be attributed to the high bifunctional catalytic activities of the RuO2/Co3O4 composite NWs.
Photoisomerization of Bis(tridentate) 2,6‐Bis(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine Ligands Exhibiting a Multi‐anthracene Skeleton
Authors: Šalitroš Ivan , Fuhr Olaf , Gál Miroslav , Valášek Michal , Ruben Mario 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA novel molecular design is described where two peripheral moieties made of 2,6‐bis(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine are linked through multi‐1,8‐diethynylanthracene moieties. The optimized synthesis of the three isostructural analogues 1 a, 1 b, and 1 c, containing the anthraquinone, anthracene, and 10‐methoxyanthracene units, respectively, is reported. The resulting spatial face‐to‐face arrangement of the peripheral anthracene rings enables to trigger the intramolecular [4+4] photocycloaddition affording the isomers P1 b and P1 c, which can be thermally cleaved back to the original anthracene derivatives 1 b and 1 c, respectively. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies confirm the expected molecular structures of compounds 1 a–1 c as well as of their corresponding isomers P1 b and P1 c. The spectral, optical, and electrochemical properties of all synthesized compounds are investigated and discussed.
Hazard assessment of nickel nanoparticles in soil—The use of a full life cycle test with Enchytraeus crypticus
Authors: Santos Fátima C.F. , Gomes Susana I.L. , Scott-Fordsmand Janeck J. , Amorim Mónica J.B. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) such as nickel (Ni) are widely used in several applications. Nevertheless, the environmental effects of Ni NPs are still poorly understood. In the present study, the toxicity of Ni NPs and nickel nitrate (NiNO3) was assessed using the standard test species in soil ecotoxicology, Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta), in a full life cycle test, adding the endpoints hatching, growth, and time to reach maturity, besides survival and reproduction as in the standard Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guideline 220 and/or International Organization for Standardization 16387. For Ni NPs, the Ni in soil and in soil solution was concentration- and time-dependent, with a relatively higher soil solution content in the lower and shorter exposure concentrations and times. Overall, NiNO3 was more toxic than Ni NPs, and toxicity seemed to occur via different mechanisms. The former caused reduced hatching (50% effect concentration [EC50] = 39 mg Ni/kg soil), and the negative effects remained throughout the life cycle, in all measured endpoints (growth, maturation, survival, and reproduction). For Ni NPs, hatching was the most sensitive endpoint (EC50 = 870 mg Ni/kg soil), although the organisms recovered; that is, additional endpoints across the life cycle showed that this effect corresponded to a delay in hatching because organisms survived and reproduced at concentrations up to 1800 mg Ni/kg soil. On the other hand, the lowest tested concentration of Ni NPs (100 mg Ni/kg soil) caused reproduction effects similar to those at higher concentrations (1000 and 1800 mg Ni/kg soil). The present results show that the potential implications of a nonmonotonic dose response should be considered when assessing the risks of Ni NP exposure in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2934–2941. © 2017 SETAC
Body Size and the Risk of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Women: A Cohort Study
Authors: Vaidya Anand , Curhan Gary C , Paik Julie M , Wang Molin , Taylor Eric N 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Greater body weight and fat mass have been associated with higher serum parathyroid hormone levels and a higher prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism (P-HPTH) in women. However, prospective studies to evaluate whether greater body size associates with a higher incidence of developing P-HPTH have not been reported. We investigated whether greater body size was independently associated with a higher risk for developing P-HPTH in women. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 85,013 female participants in the Nurses’ Health Study I followed for up to 26 years. Body size was measured via multiple metrics: weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Weight and BMI were assessed every 2 years from 1986 to 2012, and WC was assessed in 1986, 1996, and 2000. Detailed dietary and demographic exposures were quantified via validated biennial questionnaires. Incident cases of P-HPTH were confirmed by individual medical record review. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate whether WC, weight, and BMI were independent risk factors for developing P-HPTH. Models were adjusted for demographic variables, comorbidities, medications, intakes of calcium and vitamin D, and exposure to ultraviolet light. We confirmed 491 incident cases of P-HPTH during 2,128,068 person-years of follow-up. The multivariable-adjusted relative risks for incident P-HPTH increased across quartiles of WC: Q1, ref; Q2, 1.34 (0.97, 1.86); Q3, 1.70 (1.24, 2.31); Q4, 2.27 (1.63, 3.18); p trend &lt; 0.001. Similarly, the multivariable-adjusted risks for incident P-HPTH increased across quartiles of weight: Q1, ref; Q2, 1.23 (0.92, 1.65); Q3, 1.63 (1.24, 2.14); Q4, 1.65 (1.24, 2.19); p trend &lt; 0.001. A similar but statistically non-significant trend was observed across quartiles of BMI (p trend = 0.07). In summary, body size may be an independent and modifiable risk factor for developing P-HPTH in women. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Computing the Extended Synthesis: Mapping the Dynamics and Conceptual Structure of the Evolvability Research Front
Authors: Nuño de la Rosa Laura 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTSince the late 1970s, the field of evolutionary biology has undergone empirical and theoretical developments that have threaten the pillars of evolutionary theory. Some evolutionary biologists have recently argued that evolutionary biology is not experiencing a paradigm shift, but an expansion of the modern synthesis. Philosophers of biology focusing on scientific practices seem to agree with this pluralistic interpretation and have argued that evolutionary theory should rather be seen as an organized network of multiple problem agendas with diverse disciplinary contributors. In this paper, I apply a computational analysis to study the dynamics and conceptual structure of one of the main emerging problem agendas in evolutionary biology: evolvability. I have used CiteSpace, an application for visualizing and analyzing trends and patterns in scientific literature that applies cocitation analysis to identify scientific specialities. I analyze the main clusters of the evolvability cocitation network with the aim to identify the main research lines and the interdisciplinary relationships that structure this research front. I then compare these results with the existing classifications of evolvability concepts, and identify four main conceptual tensions within the definitions of evolvability. Finally, I argue that there is a lot of usefulness in the inconsistency in which the term evolvability is used in biological research. I claim that evolvability research has set up “trading zones” in biology that make possible interdisciplinary exchanges.
Low level light‐minoxidil 5% combination versus either therapeutic modality alone in management of female patterned hair loss: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Esmat Samia M. , Hegazy Rehab A. , Gawdat Heba I. , Abdel Hay Rania M. , Allam Riham S. , El Naggar Rofaida , Moneib Hoda 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundFemale pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the most common form of hair loss in women. Nevertheless, its management represents a real challenge. Among the FDA approved therapeutic modalities for FPHL are topical minoxidil and more recently low‐level light therapy (LLLT).Aim of WorkAssess the efficacy and safety of LLLT in comparison to topical minoxidil 5% and to a combination of both therapies in the treatment of FPHL.Patients and MethodsThis study included 45 female patients with proven FPHL. They were randomly divided into three equal groups, where group (i) patients were instructed to apply topical minoxidil 5% twice daily, group (ii) patients received LLLT using the helmet iGrow® device for 25 minutes 3 days weekly, and group (iii) patients received a combination of both topical minoxidil 5% twice daily and LLLT for 25 minutes 3 days weekly for 4 months (study duration). Evaluation was done according to clinical, dermoscopic (folliscopic), and ultrasound bio‐microscopic (UBM) parameters. Patient satisfaction and side effects were reported.ResultsThe efficacy and safety of both topical minoxidil and LLLT were highlighted with comparable results in all parameters. The combination group (iii) occupied the top position regarding Ludwig classification and patient satisfaction. UBM and dermoscopic findings showed significant increase in the number of regrowing hair follicles at 4 months in all groups, whereas only UBM showed such significant increase at 2 months in the combination group (iii). A non‐significant increase in the hair diameter was also documented in the three groups.ConclusionLLLT is an effective and safe tool with comparable results to minoxidil 5% in the treatment of FPHL. Owing to the significantly better results of combination therapy, its usage is recommended to hasten hair regrowth. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:835–843, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gaining Insights into Specific Drug Formulation Additives for Solubilizing a Potential Anti‐Alzheimer Disease Drug B4A1
Authors: Lawatscheck Carmen , Pickhardt Marcus , Grafl Anna , Linkert Katharina , Polster Frank , Mandelkow Eckhard , Börner Hans G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe pharmacological profiles of small molecule drugs are often challenged by their poor water solubility. Sequence‐defined peptides attached to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) offer opportunities to overcome these difficulties by acting as drug‐specific formulation additives. The peptide‐PEG conjugates enable specific, noncovalent drug binding via tailored peptide/drug interactions as well as provide water solubility and drug shielding by well‐solvated PEG‐blocks. A systematic set of specific solubilizers for B4A1 as a potential anti‐Alzheimer disease drug is synthesized and variations involve the length of the PEG‐blocks as well as the sequences of the peptidic drug‐binding domain. The solubilizer/B4A1 complexes are studied in order to understand contributions of both PEG and peptide segments on drug payload capacities, drug/carrier aggregate sizes, and influences on inhibition of the Tau‐protein aggregation in an in vitro assay.
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The Formation of OTDD Network Structure in PS‐b‐PI‐b‐PDMS Triblock Terpolymer
Authors: Wang Yi‐Chin , Inoue Ayano , Hasegawa Hirokazu , Takenaka Mikihito 
Published: May 2017

Ordered tricontinuous double‐diamond (OTDD) morphology is formed in cast film of polystyrene‐block‐polyisoprene‐block‐polydimethylsiloxane triblock terpolymer from toluene solution, though OTDD structure is not an equilibrium structure in triblock terpolymer. The small‐angle X‐ray scattering study revealed the following two‐step microphase separation during solvent cast: In the early stage of the cast process, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) segregates from the other two components and self‐assembles into hexagonally packed PDMS cylinders in polystyrene (PS)/polyisoprene (PI) matrix with being PS and PI in disordered state. Subsequently, the second‐step microphase separation is induced between PS and PI as toluene evaporates gradually during solvent‐cast process. Since the kinetic barrier of transition from cylinder to gyroid is higher than that from cylinder to OTDD, the metastable OTDD is formed.
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Acute pressure changes in the brain are correlated with MR elastography stiffness measurements: initial feasibility in an in vivo large animal model
Authors: Arani Arvin , Min Hoon‐Ki , Fattahi Nikoo , Wetjen Nicholas M. , Trzasko Joshua D. , Manduca Armando , Jack Clifford R. , Lee Kendall H. , Ehman Richard L. , Huston John 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe homeostasis of intracranial pressure (ICP) is of paramount importance for maintaining normal brain function. A noninvasive technique capable of making direct measurements of ICP currently does not exist. MR elastography (MRE) is capable of noninvasively measuring brain tissue stiffness in vivo, and may act as a surrogate to measure ICP. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of changing ICP on brain stiffness using MRE in a swine model.MethodsBaseline MRE measurements were obtained, and then catheters were surgically placed into the left and right lateral ventricles of three animals. ICP was systematically increased over the range of 0 to 55 millimeters mercury (mmHg), and stiffness measurements were made using brain MRE at vibration frequencies of 60 hertz (Hz), 90 Hz, 120 Hz, and 150 Hz.ResultsA significant linear correlation between stiffness and ICP in the cross‐subject comparison was observed for all tested vibrational frequencies (P ≤ 0.01). The 120 Hz (0.030 ± 0.004 kilopascal (kPa)/mmHg, P < 0.0001) and 150 Hz (0.031 ± 0.008 kPa/mmHg, P = 0.01) vibrational frequencies had nearly identical slopes, which were approximately two‐ to three‐fold higher than the 90 Hz (0.017 ± 0.002 kPa/mmHg, P < 0.0001) and 60 Hz (0.009 ± 0.002 kPa/mmHg, P = 0.001) slopes, respectively.ConclusionIn this study, MRE demonstrated the potential for noninvasive measurement of changes in ICP. Magn Reson Med 79:1043–1051, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Organizing pneumonia as an extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease in a child
Authors: Inoue Kenji , Kusunoki Takashi , Fujii Tatsuya 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with an unknown etiology that commonly involves the gastrointestinal tract, and bronchopulmonary manifestations only occur in 0.4% of cases. There have not been any reports about pulmonary involvement in pediatric CD patients. We experienced a 14‐year‐old boy with Crohn's disease diagnosed with organizing pneumonia by chest CT‐guided biopsy examination. His pneumonia was intractable despite the administration of multiple antibiotics, and steroid therapy was very effective. In pediatric patients with CD whose lung disease does not respond to antibiotics, OP should be considered as a possible diagnosis.
On the location dynamics of highly educated people migrating to peripheral regions of Denmark
Authors: Hansen Høgni Kalsø , Aner Louise G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSince the late 1990s, the concentration of economic growth has increased in the urban areas of Denmark while peripheral regions of the country struggle with stagnating or decreasing population and increasing unemployment rates. This paper analyses the migration patterns and motives of highly educated people who relocate from urban areas to settle in Denmark's peripheral regions. The study makes a novel empirical contribution to the counter urbanisation literature by using socioeconomic microdata along with interviews to identify trends and motives of counter‐urban migration among highly educated people. The article demonstrates that counter‐urban migration decreases in times of financial crisis, and that the motives for highly educated people to relocate to peripheral areas relate to their preferences for housing conditions, local natural, and social amenities, together with job opportunities. Additionally, age and household composition play important roles in the motives for relocating. While families with children perceive the new location as permanent, the young and newly graduated perceive it as a stepping stone for a future career.