bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen-fixing trees inhibit growth of regenerating Costa Rican rainforests
Authors: Taylor Benton N. , Chazdon Robin L. , Bachelot Benedicte , Menge Duncan N. L. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Regrowing tropical forests are critical for global biodiversity conservation and carbon capture. Nitrogen availability often controls how fast these forests can regrow. Because nitrogen-fixing plants are the primary source of new nitrogen into these forests, one might expect that more nitrogen fixers lead to faster forest regrowth. However, here we show that nitrogen fixers actually slow forest regrowth. Their competitive influence on neighboring trees outweighs any growth enhancement from their nitrogen inputs at this site. Our results call for a more critical evaluation of how nitrogen fixers influence the surrounding forest, especially given the large uncertainty in global climate projections that hinges on the role of nitrogen fixers during tropical forest regeneration.
Time-resolved observation of protein allosteric communication
Authors: Buchenberg Sebastian , Sittel Florian , Stock Gerhard 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Allostery describes the puzzling phenomenon of long-range communication between distant protein sites. Representing the elementary process of cell signaling, allosteric interactions also provide prime targets in pharmaceutical research. Although a number of thermodynamic models have been proposed, the dynamic process of allosteric communication itself is still not well understood. Accounting for recent time-resolved infrared spectroscopy experiments, this study uses extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations that envision a real-time picture of the way allostery works. Mediated by the propagation of stress, allostery is found to trigger structural and dynamical changes in a nonlinear and nonlocal fashion. Similarly as found for downhill folding, the hierarchy and exceeding structural heterogeneity of the process gives rise to strongly nonexponential kinetics.
Intraflagellar transport velocity is governed by the number of active KIF17 and KIF3AB motors and their motility properties under load
Authors: Milic Bojan , Andreasson Johan O. L. , Hogan Daniel W. , Block Steven M. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Intraflagellar transport (IFT)—cargo transport inside cilia—is mediated by two different kinesin-2 motors: the slower KIF3AB and the faster KIF17. It was not understood how ciliary cargos, called IFT trains, could attain velocities that exceed the unloaded rate of KIF3AB. We find that high IFT velocities cannot be explained by KIF3AB motors speeding up in response to being pulled forward by their KIF17 partners. Instead, IFT velocity is governed by an equilibrium between a slower state, where at least one KIF3AB motor on the train is actively participating in transport, and a faster state, where KIF3AB motors disengage, and only KIF17 motors ferry the train. The more often IFT trains access the faster state, the higher their overall velocity.
Lizards on newly created islands independently and rapidly adapt in morphology and diet
Authors: Eloy de Amorim Mariana , Schoener Thomas W. , Santoro Guilherme Ramalho Chagas Cataldi , Lins Anna Carolina Ramalho , Piovia-Scott Jonah , Brandão Reuber Albuquerque 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceWe report for island populations of the termite-eating common gecko speciesGymnodactylus amaralirapid parallel morphological and ecological change in response to human-caused environmental disturbance. The islands were formerly part of an extensive terrestrial ecosystem; in 1997, the area was flooded to construct a reservoir, fragmenting the higher portions into separate islands. Populations on all five islands studied have proportionally larger heads than populations at five nearby mainland sites. The new island morphology is accompanied by an increase in dietary niche breadth, mainly via expansion toward larger prey. This expansion is likely due to the greater availability of such prey on the newly formed islands after the extinction there of four larger lizard species that typically also included termites in their diets.
Cytokine signature associated with disease severity in chronic fatigue syndrome patients
Authors: Montoya Jose G. , Holmes Tyson H. , Anderson Jill N. , Maecker Holden T. , Rosenberg-Hasson Yael , Valencia Ian J. , Chu Lily , Younger Jarred W. , Tato Cristina M. , Davis Mark M. 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceMyalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) devastates the lives of millions of people and has remained a mystery illness despite decades of research. It has long been suspected that inflammation is central to its pathogenesis. Although only two cytokines were found to be different (TGF-β higher and resistin lower) in ME/CFS patients compared with controls, 17 cytokines correlated with ME/CFS severity. Thirteen of these cytokines are proinflammatory and may contribute to many of the symptoms these patients experience for several years. Only CXCL9 (MIG) inversely correlated with fatigue duration.
Justice in migration
Authors: Straehle Christine 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe movement of people across borders is one of the most pressing issues of our time. Yet it is still unclear how migration should be regulated to be fair to the sending societies, the host societies and the individual migrant. What is at issue? Are we discussing migration from an ethical or from a political philosophical perspective, or both? Are we discussing migration from a global justice perspective or social justice perspective? Do we consider political legitimacy and democratic self-determination as part of our analysis? How should we balance demands of justice in immigration compared to those of emigration?
Standardized Assessment of Thin-film Vitrification for Aquatic Species
Authors: Tiersch Nolan J , Tiersch Terrence R 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Ultrarapid cooling under the appropriate conditions will produce vitrification, a glass-like state used to cryopreserve small sample volumes, but there are a number of major technical drawbacks impeding the application of vitrification to germplasm of aquatic species. These include a lack of suitable devices, and poor reproducibility and comparability among studies due to a lack of standardization. We used 3-D printing to produce a viewing pedestal coupled with a classification system to rapidly assess frozen film quality of vitrification loops. Classification time declined with practice from 2.1 ± 0.3 sec (mean ± SD) to 1.5 ± 0.2 sec (after 200 assessments), and assessments were consistently made in &lt; 2.5 sec. Classifications should be reported with representative images allowing harmonization for quality control. This approach permits rapid classification and can be applied for the development of methods including the evaluation of vitrification solution components, concentrations of solutions and target cells, and configurations and volumes of new devices. Future studies should address the custom fabrication of 3-D printed vitrification devices for use with aquatic species and other applications.
Daily Shoulder Pain Among Flight Baggage Handlers and its Association With Work Tasks and Upper Arm Postures on the Same Day
Authors: Bergsten Eva L , Mathiassen Svend Erik , Kwak Lydia , Vingård Eva 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study of flight baggage handlers aimed at examining the extent to which shoulder pain developed during single work shifts, and whether a possible development was associated with biomechanical exposures and psychosocial factors during the same shift.MethodsData were collected during, in total, 82 work shifts in 44 workers. Right and left shoulder pain intensity was rated just before and just after the shift (VAS scale 0–100 mm). Objective data on ‘time in extreme’ and ‘time in neutral’ upper arm postures were obtained for the full shift using accelerometers, and the baggage handlers registered the number of ‘aircrafts handled’ in a diary. During half of the shift, workers were recorded on video for subsequent task analysis of baggage handling. ‘Influence’ at work and ‘support’ from colleagues were measured by use of Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). Associations between exposures and the increase in pain intensity during the shift (‘daily pain’) were analysed for the right and left shoulder separately using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE).Results‘Daily pain’ was observed in approximately one third of all shifts. It was significantly associated with the number of ‘aircrafts handled’ for both the right and left shoulder. In multivariate models including both biomechanical exposures and the psychosocial factors ‘influence’ at work and ‘support’ from colleagues, ‘aircrafts handled’ was still significantly associated with ‘daily pain’ in both shoulders, and so was ‘influence’ and ‘support’, however in opposite directions.Conclusions‘Daily pain’ was, in general, associated with biomechanical exposures during the same shift and with general ‘influence’ and ‘support’ in the job. In an effort to reduce pain among flight baggage handlers, it may therefore be justified to consider a reduction of biomechanical exposures during handling of aircrafts, combined with due attention to psychosocial factors at work.
RealityConvert: a tool for preparing 3D models of biochemical structures for augmented and virtual reality
Authors: Borrel Alexandre , Fourches Denis 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Motivation
There is a growing interest for the broad use of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in the fields of bioinformatics and cheminformatics to visualize complex biological and chemical structures. AR and VR technologies allow for stunning and immersive experiences, offering untapped opportunities for both research and education purposes. However, preparing 3D models ready to use for AR and VR is time-consuming and requires a technical expertise that severely limits the development of new contents of potential interest for structural biologists, medicinal chemists, molecular modellers and teachers.

Results
Herein we present the RealityConvert software tool and associated website, which allow users to easily convert molecular objects to high quality 3D models directly compatible for AR and VR applications. For chemical structures, in addition to the 3D model generation, RealityConvert also generates image trackers, useful to universally call and anchor that particular 3D model when used in AR applications. The ultimate goal of RealityConvert is to facilitate and boost the development and accessibility of AR and VR contents for bioinformatics and cheminformatics applications.

Availability and implementation
http://www.realityconvert.com

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Introduction to Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Authors: Hans Steiner , Whitney Daniels , Michael Kelly , Christina Stadler 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This chapter introduces the history of disruptive behavior disorders. The achievements of the Chicago Reformers, who introduced the idea that juveniles should be granted exceptions before the law based on their immaturity, began the process of bringing the world of development, psychiatry, and medicine to delinquents. August Aichhorn, the director of the Vienna Reform School system, is primarily responsible for the idea that abnormal development underlies crime, and, as such, psychoeducational approaches can be helpful in restoring the youth. The concepts of treatment and rehabilitation factor in to this view. The chapter ends by introducing the complexities of diagnosing antisocial and aggressive behavior.
Taxonomy, Classification, and Diagnosis of Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Authors: Hans Steiner , Whitney Daniels , Michael Kelly , Christina Stadler 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This chapter traces the development of diagnoses attempting to capture antisocial and aggressive behavior. The chapter provides a careful discussion of the advantages of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and International Classification of Diseases systems and their diagnostic grouping. Tracing the processes by which these diagnoses were created, the hidden and obvious problems in the current taxonomy are laid bare. The model of developmental psychopathology, of which disruptive behavior disorders arguably have been called a model disorder, provides concluding comments, which point to the advantages of another taxonomy that hold the promise of improving the state of the current descriptive systems.
Epidemiology of Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Authors: Hans Steiner , Whitney Daniels , Michael Kelly , Christina Stadler 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the available epidemiological evidence supporting the current diagnoses grouped in the disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) cluster. It seems DBDs are common disorders, but although researchers have made great strides in capturing the prevalence of these disorders in normal and clinical populations, and although there are some very solid longitudinal findings, there are still many unknowns that need to be corrected. Most of the difficulties encountered in epidemiology are a function of the ongoing changes in the descriptive diagnostic criteria and the lack of a truly state-of-the-art three-level epidemiological design. This chapter discusses these issues including implications for clinical practice.
Comprehensive and Integrated Treatment of Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Authors: Hans Steiner , Whitney Daniels , Michael Kelly , Christina Stadler 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This chapter maps evidence-based interventions on the biopsychosocial model of causation suggested by the current evidence. Medications and biological treatments are still second-line interventions, which should be considered only if there is insufficient progress with psychological and social-familial treatments. There is very little progress in the past decade in testing medication interventions. New findings from neuroscience suggest another subtype of disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs), which holds considerable promise to improve outcomes in this treatment category. Psychological treatments are best supported by the evidence, especially when delivered in manualized form with a high degree of treatment fidelity. Familial and community-based interventions are also well supported, especially in complex, severe and chronic cases. There is a dearth of intervention studies targeting the different phenotypes of antisocial and aggressive behavior and studies of integrated treatment However, many studies are now available that approach treatment from a medical evidence–based rather than criminological perspective.
Magnetospherically-trapped dust and a possible model for the unusual transits at WD 1145+017
Authors: Farihi J , von Hippel T , Pringle J E 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The rapidly evolving dust and gas extinction observed towards WD 1145+017 has opened a real-time window on to the mechanisms for destruction-accretion of planetary bodies on to white dwarf stars, and has served to underline the importance of considering the dynamics of dust particles around such objects. Here it is argued that the interaction between (charged) dust grains and the stellar magnetic field is an important ingredient in understanding the physical distribution of infrared emitting particles in the vicinity of such white dwarfs. These ideas are used to suggest a possible model for WD 1145+017 in which the unusual transit shapes are caused by opaque clouds of dust trapped in the stellar magnetosphere. The model can account for the observed transit periodicities if the stellar rotation is near 4.5 h, as the clouds of trapped dust are then located near or within the co-rotation radius. The model requires the surface magnetic field to be at least around some tens of kG. In contrast to the eccentric orbits expected for large planetesimals undergoing tidal disintegration, the orbits of magnetospherically-trapped dust clouds are essentially circular, consistent with the observations.
HESS J0632+057: hydrodynamics and non-thermal emission
Authors: Bosch-Ramon Valentí , Barkov Maxim V. , Mignone Andrea , Bordas Pol 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
HESS J0632+057 is an eccentric gamma-ray Be binary that produces non-thermal radio, X-rays, GeV and very high-energy gamma-rays. The non-thermal emission of HESS J0632+057 is modulated with the orbital period, with a dominant maximum before apastron passage. The nature of the compact object in HESS J0632+057 is not known, although it has been proposed to be a young pulsar as in PSR B1259–63, the only gamma-ray emitting high-mass binary known to host a non-accreting pulsar. In this letter, we present hydrodynamical simulations of HESS J0632+057 in the context of a pulsar and a stellar wind interacting in an eccentric binary, and propose a scenario for the non-thermal phenomenology of the source. In this scenario, the non-thermal activity before and around apastron is linked to the accumulation of non-thermal particles in the vicinity of the binary, and the sudden drop of the emission before apastron is produced by the disruption of the two-wind interaction structure, allowing these particles to escape efficiently. In addition to providing a framework to explain the non-thermal phenomenology of the source, this scenario predicts extended, moving X-ray emitting structures similar to those observed in PSR B1259–63.
Photometric redshifts for Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Data Release 1
Authors: Tanaka Masayuki , Coupon Jean , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Mineo Sogo , Nishizawa Atsushi J , Speagle Joshua , Furusawa Hisanori , Miyazaki Satoshi , Murayama Hitoshi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Photometric redshifts are a key component of many science objectives in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP). In this paper, we describe and compare the codes used to compute photometric redshifts for HSC-SSP, how we calibrate them, and the typical accuracy we achieve with the HSC five-band photometry (grizy). We introduce a new point estimator based on an improved loss function and demonstrate that it works better than other commonly used estimators. We find that our photo-z’s are most accurate at 0.2 ≲ zphot ≲ 1.5, where we can straddle the 4000 Å break. We achieve σ[Δzphot/(1 + zphot)] ∼ 0.05 and an outlier rate of about 15% for galaxies down to i = 25 within this redshift range. If we limit ourselves to a brighter sample of i &lt; 24, we achieve σ ∼ 0.04 and ∼8% outliers. Our photo-z's should thus enable many science cases for HSC-SSP. We also characterize the accuracy of our redshift probability distribution function (PDF) and discover that some codes over-/underestimate the redshift uncertainties, which has implications for N(z) reconstruction. Our photo-z products for the entire area in Public Data Release 1 are publicly available, and both our catalog products (such as point estimates) and full PDFs can be retrieved from the data release site, 〈https://hsc-release.mtk.nao.ac.jp/〉.
Ban the Box, Criminal Records, and Racial Discrimination: A Field Experiment*
Authors: Agan Amanda , Starr Sonja 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
“Ban the Box” (BTB) policies restrict employers from asking about applicants’ criminal histories on job applications and are often presented as a means of reducing unemployment among black men, who disproportionately have criminal records. However, withholding information about criminal records could risk encouraging racial discrimination: employers may make assumptions about criminality based on the applicant's race. To investigate BTB’s effects, we sent approximately 15,000 online job applications on behalf of fictitious young, male applicants to employers in New Jersey and New York City before and after the adoption of BTB policies. These applications varied whether the applicant had a distinctly black or distinctly white name and the felony conviction status of the applicant. We confirm that criminal records are a major barrier to employment: employers that asked about criminal records were 63% more likely to call applicants with no record. However, our results support the concern that BTB policies encourage racial discrimination: the black-white gap in callbacks grew dramatically at companies that removed the box after the policy went into effect. Before BTB, white applicants to employers with the box received 7% more callbacks than similar black applicants, but BTB increased this gap to 43%. We believe that the best interpretation of these results is that employers are relying on exaggerated impressions of real-world racial differences in felony conviction rates.
Comparison of 3% Hypertonic Saline and 20% Mannitol for Reducing Intracranial Pressure in Patients Undergoing Supratentorial Brain Tumor Surgery: A Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Ali Achmet , Tetik Aylin , Sabanci Pulat A. , Altun Demet , Sivrikoz Nukhet , Abdullah Taner , Aydoseli Aydin , Sencer Altay , Akinci Ibrahim O. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
In the present study, we hypothesized that 3% hypertonic saline (HS) is more effective than 20% mannitol to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP) and to modify brain bulk in patients undergoing an elective supratentorial craniotomy.

Materials and Methods:
After institutional review board approval, patients scheduled to undergo supratentorial craniotomy were enrolled into this prospective, randomized, double-blind study. The patients were monitored for routine hemodynamic parameters, depth of anesthesia, and ICP. They received 5 mL/kg 20% mannitol (n=20) or 3% HS (n=19) as infusion for 15 minutes. The patients’ ICP values were monitored during hypertonic fluid infusion and throughout 30 minutes after infusion as a primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were hemodynamic variables, serum sodium value, blood gases, and surgeon brain relaxation assessment score (1=relaxed, 2=satisfactory, 3=firm, 4=bulging). In addition, the length of intensive care unit and hospital stay were recorded.

Results:
Demographic and tumor characteristics were similar between groups. The basal (before hypertonic infusion, ICPT0) and last (30 min after hypertonic infusion finished, ICPT45) ICP values were 13.7±3.0 and 9.5±1.9 mm Hg, respectively, for the M group, which were comparable with the corresponding levels of 14.2±2.8 and 8.7±1.1 mm Hg in the HS group (P>0.05). The median amount of ICP reduction between T0 and T45 timepoints were 4 (1 to 7) and 5 (1 to 9) mm Hg for group M and group HS, respectively (P=0.035). Baseline central venous pressure, pulse pressure variation, and serum sodium and lactate values were similar between groups, but the last measured pulse pressure variation and lactate value were lower, and sodium value was higher in group HS than in group M (P<0.05). Duration of hospital and intensive care unit stay were similar between groups.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that 3% HS provided more effective ICP reduction than 20% mannitol during supratentorial brain tumor surgery.