bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T2* Mapping of the Hip in Asymptomatic Volunteers with Normal Cartilage Morphology: An Analysis of Regional and Age-Dependent Distribution
Authors: Hesper Tobias , Schleich Christoph , Buchwald Alexander , Hosalkar Harish S. , Antoch Gerald , Krauspe Rüdiger , Zilkens Christoph , Bittersohl Bernd 
Published: May 2017

Objective To assess age-dependent and regional differences in T2* relaxation measurements in hip joint cartilage of asymptomatic volunteers at 3 T. Design Three age cohorts (cohort 1: age 20-30 years, 15 individuals; cohort 2: age 30-40 years, 17 individuals; cohort 3: age 40-50 years, 15 individuals) were enrolled. T2* values were obtained in the central and peripheral cartilage of the acetabulum and the femoral head in 7 regions (anterior to superior and posterior). Results T2* did not differ among age cohorts in acetabular cartilage (cohort 1: 24.65 ± 6.56 ms, cohort 2: 24.70 ± 4.83 ms, cohort 3: 25.81 ± 5.10 ms, P = 0.10) and femoral head cartilage (cohort 1: 27.08 ± 8.24 ms, cohort 2: 25.90 ± 7.82 ms, cohort 3: 26.50 ± 5.61 ms, P = 0.34). Analysis of the regional T2* distribution pattern indicates increased T2* values in the anterior, anterior-superior, superior-anterior, and the posterior-superior aspects of acetabular and femoral head cartilage. For acetabular cartilage, higher values were observed in the central region (25.90 ± 4.80 ms vs. 24.21 ± 4.05 ms, P < 0.0001) whereas femoral head cartilage did not reveal such differences (26.62 ± 5.74 ms vs. 26.37 ± 5.89 ms, P = 0.44). Conclusions The T2* analysis of presumably healthy hip joint cartilage does not seem to be stratified according to age in this population. Regional T2* variation throughout hip joint cartilage is apparent in this modality.
Elevated interferon-γ–induced protein 10 and its receptor CXCR3 impair NK cell function during HIV infection
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Wu Tong , Ma Meichen , Zhang Zining , Fu Yajing , Liu Jing , Xu Junjie , Ding Haibo , Han Xiaoxu , Chu Zhenxing , Wu Yuntao , Shang Hong , Jiang Yongjun 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
As the first line of defense in the human immune system, NK cells play essential roles in prevention of tumorigenesis and viral infection. It is known that NK cells have impaired function in HIV infection; however, it remains unclear why this occurs. IP-10 is a chemokine and inflammatory factor that is associated with such diseases as tuberculosis, hepatitis B virus, and pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate IP-10 levels and CXCR3 expression in NK cells that were affected by HIV and to elucidate whether NK cell function could be affected by IP-10. Our results demonstrate that IP-10 levels and expression of CXCR3 in NK cells was significantly higher in HIV-infected participants compared with noninfected participants. Moreover, the ability of NK cells to secrete IFN-γ and, specifically, to lyse K562, was suppressed with exposure to high levels of IP-10. This study also showed that CXCR3+ NK cell function decreased dramatically when treated with IP-10, which indicates that CXCR3+ NK cells were the main targets of IP-10. Furthermore, IP-10 or CXCR3 blocking could restore NK cell function. These data suggest that elevated IP-10 levels may impair NK cell function during HIV infection and that IP-10/CXCR3 blocking may be a novel therapeutic strategy in the control and functional cure of HIV.
A Case Report of Hypoglycemia and Hypogammaglobulinemia: DAVID Syndrome in a Patient With a Novel NFKB2 Mutation
Authors: Lal Rayhan A. , Bachrach Laura K. , Hoffman Andrew R. , Inlora Jingga , Rego Shannon , Snyder Michael P. , Lewis David B. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Context:
Deficient anterior pituitary with variable immune deficiency (DAVID) syndrome is a rare disorder in which children present with symptomatic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency preceded by hypogammaglobulinemia from B-cell dysfunction with recurrent infections, called common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Subsequent whole exome sequencing studies have revealed germline heterozygous C-terminal mutations of NFKB2 as a cause of DAVID syndrome or of CVID without clinical hypopituitarism. However, to the best of our knowledge there have been no cases in which the endocrinopathy has presented in the absence of a prior clinical history of CVID.

Case Description:
A previously healthy 7-year-old boy with no history of clinical immunodeficiency presented with profound hypoglycemia and seizures. He was found to have secondary adrenal insufficiency and was started on glucocorticoid replacement. An evaluation for autoimmune disease, including for antipituitary antibodies, was negative. Evaluation unexpectedly revealed hypogammaglobulinemia [decreased immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA]. He had moderately reduced serotype-specific IgG responses after pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Subsequently, he was found to have growth hormone deficiency. Six years after initial presentation, whole exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous NFKB2 missense mutation c.2596A&gt;C (p.Ser866Arg) in the C-terminal region predicted to abrogate the processing of the p100 NFKB2 protein to its active p52 form.

Conclusions:
Isolated early-onset ACTH deficiency is rare, and C-terminal region NFKB2 mutations should be considered as an etiology even in the absence of a clinical history of CVID. Early immunologic evaluation is indicated in the diagnosis and management of isolated ACTH deficiency.
Aversive olfactory associative memory loses odor specificity over time
Authors: König Christian , Antwi-Adjei Emmanuel , Ganesan Mathangi , Kilonzo Kasyoka , Viswanathan Vignesh , Durairaja Archana , Voigt Anne , Yarali Ayse 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Avoiding associatively learned predictors of danger is crucial for survival. Aversive memories can, however, become counter-adaptive when they are overly generalized to harmless cues and contexts. In a fruit fly odor–electric shock associative memory paradigm, we found that learned avoidance lost its specificity for the trained odor and became general to novel odors within a day of training. We discuss the possible neural circuit mechanisms of this effect and highlight the parallelism to over-generalization of learned fear behavior after an incubation period in rodents and humans, with due relevance for post-traumatic stress disorder.
Courts to look again at assisted dying law
Authors: Griffith Richard 
Published: May 2017

A man with motor neurone disease has been granted permission by the Court of Appeal to seek judicial review the criminalisation of assisted dying under the Suicide Act 1961, section 2(1). In this article, Richard Griffith reviews the Court of Appeal's decision in R (on the application of Conway) v Secretary of State for Justice [2017] and considers arguments for and against decriminalising assisted dying.
Formation of citizenship through radio talk participation in Kenya
Authors: Omwoha Joyce 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article aims at investigating the relationship between the concept of mediated citizenship and participation through radio talk deliberation. It intends to offer an analysis of the content mediated through public discourses by determining the way in which participants draw their identities through different topics articulated in radio talk shows. This article will focus on a breakfast radio talk show – Jambo Kenya, a programme broadcasted on Radio Citizen, the second largest radio station in Kenya. This highly interactive programme airs from 7:15 a.m. with thought-provoking dialogue, giving a voice to groups that would otherwise be unheard. The article focuses on how the call-in listeners gain access to this media space to contest their various ideas.
Passages of culture: Media and mediality in African societies
Authors: Förster Till , Schlehe Judith 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
How do African cultures transform when they appropriate new media? This introduction to the following five articles raises and reflects basic questions related to the many transformations that African societies currently go through when they are faced with new media. It situates the concept of mediality in the social practice of those who deal with and experience media. As instances of the in-between, as bridges between actors and their life-worlds, media reveal specific aspects of social life and hide others. They simultaneously nourish curiosity and suspicion and thus, the users transform their life-worlds through media. What media do to culture depends as much on their specificities as on the actors and their agency: their habits, judgement and imagination. Studying media and cultural transformations in Africa hence calls for thorough empirical research that analyses how the use of media has affected sensory experience and the sense that the actors make of their experience in new meaningful practices. Media in Africa also call for new research methodologies. The findings presented in this collection are the outcome of an international research network that allowed African and European scholars to cooperate and to share their experiences with new media in the field sites.
A curatorial perspective on MOA’s ćəsnaʔəm, the City Before the City
Authors: Filippelli Sandra 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Museum of Anthropology (MOA)’s Fall 2015 exhibit, ćəsnaʔəm, the City Before the City, was an interactive artistic installation depicting contemporary and historical Musqueam First Nation life in the village of ćəsnaʔəm, situated at the mouth of the Fraser River in Vancouver adjacent to University of British Columbia. The co-curators worked with a Musqueam Advisory Committee of elders to create the kitchen table installation component entitled ‘gathered together’, consisting of a dining table and chairs inside a small room with an audio voice-over of Musqueam elders reminiscing about growing up to become the ‘knowledge keepers’ of their community. Curatorial practice and presentation drew museum visitors into an art education experience through memory, colloquial discourse, documentary storytelling, and visual art that particularly appealed as cultural history and socially engaged art in terms of intention, framing, making and wonder.
Change characteristics of DSi and nutrition structure at the Yangtze River Estuary after Three Gorges Project impounding and their ecological effect
Authors: Li Lei , Shen Xinqiang , Jiang Mei 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The variation law of dissolved silica (DSi), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and nutrition structure after the Three Gorges Project (TGP) impounding as well as their ecological effect were analyzed according to monitoring survey of the Yangtze River Estuary in spring (May) and summer (August) from 2004-2009. The results showed that after impounding, DSi and DIN concentration decreased and increased, respectively. During the study period, DSi decreased by about 63%, while DIN almost tripled. DIP concentration fluctuated slightly. With respect to nutrition structure, N:P increased, whereas Si:P and Si:N declined. According to chemometry standard of nutrient limits, nutrition structure tended to be imbalanced and the limiting factor of phytoplankton growth (P) was studied. Changes of nutrition structure have largely decreased diatom and caused different composition of dominant phytoplankton species. This may change ecosystem structure of the Yangtze River Estuary.
Effect of overlying water pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature on heavy metal release from river sediments under laboratory conditions
Authors: Huang Yuanxing , Zhang Daofang , Xu Zhihua , Yuan Shijue , Li Yuanheng , Wang Lian 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The heavy metal release experiments were conducted in the laboratory to examine the effects of 3 factors - pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature on the metal release from sediments taken from the Huangpu River. The metal concentrations in the dry sediments ranged from 0.030 to 0.296 mg g-1 for Cr, 0.021 to 0.097 mg g-1 for Ni, 0.014 to 0.219 mg g-1 for Cu, 0.035 mg to 0.521 mg g-1 for Zn, 0.0002 to 0.001 mg g-1 for Cd and 0.023 to 0.089 mg g-1 for Pb. Most of the metals found in the sediments were in the form of residual fraction, the exchangeable fraction consisted of only a small portion of total metals. The average dissolved metal concentrations in the overlying water during the 13-day period under different conditions were ranging from 0.82 to 1.93 μg L-1 for Cr, 1.08 to 4.19 μg L-1 for Ni, 40.79 to 82.28 μg L-1 for Cu, 20.30 to 29.96 μg L-1 for Zn, 1.57 to 4.07 μg L-1 for Cd, and 22.26 to 75.50 μg L-1 for Pb, respectively. Statistical interpretation of the data indicated that pH (7, 8, 9), dissolved oxygen DO (1.0 and 5.0 mg L-1) and temperature (4, 16, 25°C) had no significant effects on the heavy metal release under the studied conditions. Cu and Pb had the highest release flux, while Cd, Pb and Cu had higher mobility. The main factors controlling the metals release might be the inherent characters of metals and sediments.
Nanofiltration renovation of mineral water
Authors: Bodzek Michał , Tomaszewska Barbara , Rajca Mariola 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
There is often a need to improve the taste of mineral water by reducing the sulphate ion content. It was found that for such an effect, nanofiltration (NF) process can be used. In the case, the proposed formula was assumed obtaining a mineral water with reduction of H2S and SO42- content through the following processes: stripping - UF/MF or rapid fi ltration - nanofiltration - mixing with raw water or filtration through calcium bed. The paper shows the results of the tests, with use of mineral waters and nanofiltration. Commercial nanofiltration membranes NF-270 Dow Filmtec and NF-DK GE Infrastructure Water&Process Technologies were applied. NF was carried out for mixed water from both water intakes (1 and 2), recovery of 50%, at transmembrane pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa in the dead-end fi ltration mode. In addition, the permeate obtained in NF was filtered through a column fi lled with 1.0-3.0 mm limestone rock, in order to improve the composition of mineral water. The tested mineral water is the sulphate-chloride-sodium-calcium-magnesium in nature and contains 991 mg/L of SO42- and 2398 mg/L of TDS, while the permeate after NF showed the chloride - sodium hydrogeochemical type (TDS: 780-1470 mg/L, sulfate 10-202.7 mg/L, calcium 23-39.7 mg/L, magnesium 11-28 mg/L). As a result of water treatment in the NF process, high reduction of SO42- ions was obtained (79-98.7%), while the TDS was reduced in 51-64%. Because the process of NF allows for relatively high reduction of bivalent ions, a significant reduction in calcium ion content (84-88%) and magnesium (84-89%) has been also obtained. Monovalent ions were reduced to a lesser extent, i.e. sodium in 46% and bicarbonates in 39-64.1%. Despite obtaining the positive effect of the sulphate ions content reduction, the NF process significantly changed the mineralogy composition of water. The permeate filtration (DK-NF membrane) on the CaCO3 deposit led to a correction of the hydrogeochemical type of water from chloridesodium to chloride-bicarbonate-sodium. The concentration of calcium ions was increased by 60.5% and was 28.2 mg/L, and bicarbonate ions by 7.78% (increased to 195 mg/L). Based on a morphological assessment of the deposits in the SEM image and their chemical composition, the presence of gypsum crystals was detected on the surface of the NF-270 membrane. The deposits formed on the NF-DK membrane were of a completely different character as aggregations of iron and aluminium oxides/hydroxides were found. Such significant mineralogical differences between the secondary deposits crystallising on the surface of the membranes point to the impact of several factors, including membrane characteristics, concentration polarisation, mass transport mechanisms, etc.
Discrete port-Hamiltonian formulation and numerical approximation for systems of two conservation laws
Authors: Kotyczka Paul , Maschke Bernhard 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We discuss the discrete formulation of systems of conservation laws in port-Hamiltonian form on dual chain
complexes. Based on integral balance equations and topological information, this representation is exact and qualifies as
a control model. The finite-dimensional approximation requires an energy discretization that yields discrete constitutive
equations. We give (i) a brief overview of discrete modeling of conservation laws on n-complexes and (ii) extend
existing results by allowing for mixed physical types of boundary inputs. This requires the construction of a primal and
a dual complex based on the underlying staggered grids and the localization of the inputs on the system boundary. Finally,
(iii) we discuss the properties of the resulting structure-preserving discretization scheme based on a consistency
analysis for the 2D nonlinear shallow water equations.
Modellordnungsreduktion, Beobachterentwurf und Sensorplatzierung für einen Infrarot-Glühofen
Authors: Rötzer Florian , Jadachowski Lukas , Kugi Andreas 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Beobachterentwurf für die zweidimensionale Temperaturverteilung einer Stahlprobe in
einem experimentellen Glühofen. In einem ersten Schritt werden drei unterschiedliche Ansätze zur finit-dimensionalen
Approximation der quasilinearen partiellen Differentialgleichung hinsichtlich Modellordnung und Genauigkeit miteinander
verglichen. Auf Basis des mit dem POD-Verfahren (Proper Orthogonal Decomposition) approximierten Modells wird unter
Berücksichtigung von punktweisen Thermoelement-Messungen an der Probenoberfläche ein erweitertes Kalman-Filter
entworfen. Da die Wahl der Sensorplatzierung einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Beobachtungsgüte hat, werden in einem
weiteren Schritt die optimalen Sensorpositionen im Sinne der Optimierung der Determinante der Gramschen Matrix
ermittelt. Simulations- und Messergebnisse bestätigen die Effizienz der vorgestellten Methoden.
Heart valves from polyester fibers: a preliminary 6-month in vivo study
Authors: Vaesken Antoine , Pelle Anne , Pavon-Djavid Graciela , Rancic Jeanne , Chakfe Nabil , Heim Frederic 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a popular alternative technique to surgical valve replacement for critical patients. Biological valve tissue has been used in TAVI procedures for over a decade, with over 150,000 implantations to date. However, with only 6 years of follow up, little is known about the long-term durability of biological tissue. Moreover, the high cost of tissue harvesting and chemical treatment procedures favor the development of alternative synthetic valve leaflet materials. In that context, textile polyester [polyethylene terephthalate (PET)] could be considered as an interesting candidate to replace the biological valve leaflets in TAVI procedures. However, no result is available in the literature about the behavior of textile once in contact with biological tissue in the valve position. The interaction of synthetic textile material with living tissues should be comparable to biological tissue. The purpose of this preliminary work is to compare the in vivo performances of various woven textile PET valves over a 6-month period in order to identify favorable textile construction features. In vivo results indicate that fibrosis as well as calcium deposit can be limited with an appropriate material design.
The Ironbridge Gorge Heritage Site and its local and regional functions
Authors: Cudny Waldemar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe article is devoted to the issue of heritage and its functions. Based on the existing literature, the author presents the definition of heritage, the classification of heritage resources, and its most important impacts. The aim of the article was to show the functions that may be performed by a heritage site, locally and regionally. The example used by the author is the Ironbridge Gorge Heritage Site in the United Kingdom. Most heritage functions described by other authors are confirmed in this case study. The cultural heritage of the Ironbridge Gorge creates an opportunity to undertake various local and regional activities, having first of all an educational influence on the inhabitants, school youth and tourists. We must not ignore the economicinfluences, such as financing the activity of the Ironbridge Trust (the institution administering the site), generating income for local firms providing service to tourists, or for construction companies. This income helps to preserve and conserve the tangible heritage of the Ironbridge Gorge, as well as to generate jobs in heritage management, conservation and heritage tourism. Other effects of the Ironbridge Gorge Site include a socio-cultural impact or that related to sustainable development.
Tourism versus the transformation of ksours – Southern Morocco case study
Authors: Dłużewska Anna , Dłużewski Maciej 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Ksours form a cultural landscape for most of the countries of North Africa. They are an important part of the cultural heritage of the desert areas in Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Mali or Morocco. They also become an undeniable attraction for tourism. The article looks at the impact of tourism on the transformation of ksours. It is based on comparative field research in the Dadès-Drâa Valley (Southern Morocco), the region of the highest ksour concentration. The results show that despite being very close to most sustainable tourism indicators, the whole impact of tourism is rather negative. Tourism is creating social disproportions, being the first incentive to abandon the ksours by those who are not involved in the sector. This is leading to the destruction of particular houses first, and later to the destruction of the whole village. The revitalization of ksours remains a theoretical solution only; thus the author suggests paying greater attention to social equity in order to stop the transformation of ksours at the 2nd stage of development.
Hardwood kraft pulp structural features affecting refinability
Authors: Sousa Cátia T. , Evtuguin Dmitry V. , Amaral José L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTwo industrial bleachedEucalyptus globuluskraft pulps (pulps A and B), cooked from the same wood stock with slightly different alkali charges and temperatures, showed different refinability in the laboratory beating of pulp using a PFI mill. The easy to refine pulp (A) and the difficult to refine pulp (B) did not reveal significant differences in their biometric data and general chemical composition, but pulp A showed ca. 5%–10% higher mechanical strength and twice as high refinability compared to pulp B. These differences were ascribed to slightly higher intrinsic viscosity and higher xylan content of pulp A compared to pulp B (1010 vs. 860 cm3g−1and 20.1 vs. 17.8%, respectively). The xylan structure and its location in fiber cells were also different, which affected the pulp’s refinability. The presence of high proportion of xylan in the bulk of fibers, rather than in their outer layers, seems to favor the pulp beating. An interpretation was also proposed, according to which the aggregation of cellulose fibrils during cooking, i.e. a partial coalescence of fibril crystallites, may also have a negative effect on pulp refinability.