bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process performance and methane production optimizing of anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure and corn straw
Authors: Mao Chunlan , Zhang Tong , Wang Xiaojiao , Feng Yongzhong , Ren Guangxin , Yang Gaihe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDuring anaerobic digestion (AD) process, process parameters e.g., VFA, pH, COD removal … and kinetic parameters e.g., hydrolysis rate, lag phase and methane production potential… are the important indicator for illustrating AD process performance, however, the AD process performance based on these parameters remains poorly understood. To estimate process performance focusing on initial pH and substrate composition, the effects of initial pH and swine manure to corn straw ratio on biogas production and these parameters and linkages of these parameters were analyzed. Also, the methane production was optimized. The results revealed that the maximum methane yield and methane production rate were obtained with initial pH 7.5 and SM/CS ratio of 70:30. Kinetic parameters are coupled with process parameters, especially for COD removal rate, VS degradation rate, VFA and pH. Hydrolysis constant positively correlated with pH, COD removal rate and VS degradation rate, then impacted methane production and lag phase. Meanwhile, lag phase and the maximum methane production rate were directly determined by VFA and COD removal rate. The optimum initial pH and SM/CS ratio were 7.15 and 0.62, respectively, with a predicted maximum methane content of 55.12%. Thinking these findings together, they provide a scientific theory for estimating AD performance.
Changes of plasmalogen phospholipid levels during differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells 409B2 to endothelial phenotype cells
Authors: Nakamura Yusuke , Shimizu Yasuo , Horibata Yasuhiro , Tei Rinna , Koike Ryosuke , Masawa Meitetsu , Watanabe Taiji , Shiobara Taichi , Arai Ryo , Chibana Kazuyuki , Takemasa Akihiro , Sugimoto Hiroyuki , Ishii Yoshiki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEndothelial cells (EC) are involved in regulating several aspects of lipid metabolism, with recent research revealing the clinicopathological significance of interactions between EC and lipids. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have various possible medical uses, so understanding the metabolism of these cells is important. In this study, endothelial phenotype cells generated from human iPSC formed cell networks in co-culture with fibroblasts. Changes of plasmalogen lipids and sphingomyelins in endothelial phenotype cells generated from human iPSC were investigated by reverse-phase ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis. The levels of plasmalogen phosphatidylethanolamines (38:5) and (38:4) increased during differentiation of EC, while sphingomyelin levels decreased transiently. These changes of plasmalogen lipids and sphingomyelins may have physiological significance for EC and could be used as markers of differentiation.
Activation-tagging in indica rice identifies a novel transcription factor subunit, NF-YC13 associated with salt tolerance
Authors: Manimaran P. , Venkata Reddy S. , Moin Mazahar , Raghurami Reddy M. , Yugandhar Poli , Mohanraj S. S. , Balachandran S. M. , Kirti P. B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is a heterotrimeric transcription factor with three distinct NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC subunits. It plays important roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. We have reported earlier on development of gain-of-function mutants in an indica rice cultivar, BPT-5204. Now, we screened 927 seeds from 70 Ac/Ds plants for salinity tolerance and identified one activation-tagged salt tolerant DS plant (DS-16, T3 generation) that showed enhanced expression of a novel ‘histone-like transcription factor’ belonging to rice NF-Y subfamily C and was named as OsNF-YC13. Localization studies using GFP-fusion showed that the protein is localized to nucleus and cytoplasm. Real time expression analysis confirmed upregulation of transcript levels of OsNF-YC13 during salt treatment in a tissue specific manner. Biochemical and physiological characterization of the DS-16 revealed enhanced K+/Na+ ratio, proline content, chlorophyll content, enzymes with antioxidant activity etc. DS-16 also showed transcriptional up-regulation of genes that are involved in salinity tolerance. In-silico analysis of OsNF-YC13 promoter region evidenced the presence of various key stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements. OsNF-YC13 subunit alone does not appear to have the capacity for direct transcription activation, but appears to interact with the B- subunits in the process of transactivation.
Giardia’s primitive GPL biosynthesis pathways with parasitic adaptation ‘patches’: implications for Giardia’s evolutionary history and for finding targets against Giardiasis
Authors: Ye Qingqing , Tian Haifeng , Chen Bing , Shao Jingru , Qin Yan , Wen Jianfan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGiardia is a worldwide spread protozoan parasite colonizing in small intestines of vertebrates, causing Giardiasis. The controversy about whether it is an extremely primitive eukaryote or just a highly evolved parasite has become a fetter to its uses as a model for both evolutionary and parasitological studies for years. Glycerophospholipid (GPL) synthesis is a conserved essential cellular process, and thus may retain some original features reflecting its evolutionary position, and this process should also have undergone parasitic adaptation to suit Giardia’s dietary lipid-rich environment. Thus, GPL synthesis pathways may be a perfect object to examine the controversy over Giardia. Here, we first clarified Giardia’s previously confusing GPL synthesis by re-identifying a reliable set of GPL synthesis genes/enzymes. Then using phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses, we revealed that these pathways turn out to be evolutionarily primitive ones, but with many secondary parasitic adaptation ‘patches’ including gene loss, rapid evolution, product relocation, and horizontal gene transfer. Therefore, modern Giardia should be a mosaic of ‘primary primitivity’ and ‘secondary parasitic adaptability’, and to make a distinction between the two categories of features would restart the studies of eukaryotic evolution and parasitic adaptation using Giardia as a model system.
Stigmasterol prevents glucolipotoxicity induced defects in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
Authors: Ward Meliza G. , Li Ge , Barbosa-Lorenzi Valéria C. , Hao Mingming 
Published: August 2017

AbstractType 2 diabetes results from defects in both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Elevated cholesterol content within pancreatic β-cells has been shown to reduce β-cell function and increase β-cell apoptosis. Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia contribute to glucolipotoxicity that leads to type 2 diabetes. Here we examined the capacity of glucolipotoxicity to induce free cholesterol accumulation in human pancreatic islets and the INS-1 insulinoma cell line. Glucolipotoxicity treatment increased free cholesterol in β-cells, which was accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased insulin secretion. Addition of AAPH, a free radical generator, was able to increase filipin staining indicating a link between ROS production and increased cholesterol in β-cells. We also showed the ability of stigmasterol, a common food-derived phytosterol with anti-atherosclerotic potential, to prevent the increase in both free cholesterol and ROS levels induced by glucolipotoxicity in INS-1 cells. Stigmasterol addition also inhibited early apoptosis, increased total insulin, promoted actin reorganization, and improved insulin secretion in cells exposed to glucolipotoxicity. Overall, these data indicate cholesterol accumulation as an underlying mechanism for glucolipotoxicity-induced defects in insulin secretion and stigmasterol treatment as a potential strategy to protect β-cell function during diabetes progression.
The Legionella effector WipB is a translocated Ser/Thr phosphatase that targets the host lysosomal nutrient sensing machinery
Authors: Prevost Marie S. , Pinotsis Nikos , Dumoux Maud , Hayward Richard D. , Waksman Gabriel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLegionella pneumophila infects human alveolar macrophages and is responsible for Legionnaire’s disease, a severe form of pneumonia. L. pneumophila encodes more than 300 putative effectors, which are translocated into the host cell via the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system. These effectors highjack the host’s cellular processes to allow bacterial intracellular growth and replication. Here we adopted a multidisciplinary approach to investigate WipB, a Dot/Icm effector of unknown function. The crystal structure of the N-terminal domain at 1.7 Å resolution comprising residues 25 to 344 revealed that WipB harbours a Ser/Thr phosphatase domain related to the eukaryotic phospho-protein phosphatase (PPP) family. The C-terminal domain (residues 365–524) is sufficient to pilot the effector to acidified LAMP1-positive lysosomal compartments, where WipB interacts with the v-ATPase and the associated LAMTOR1 phosphoprotein, key components of the lysosomal nutrient sensing (LYNUS) apparatus that controls the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1) kinase complex at the lysosomal surface. We propose that WipB is a lysosome-targeted phosphatase that modulates cellular nutrient sensing and the control of energy metabolism during Legionella infection.
Diversity of Amyloid-beta Proteoforms in the Alzheimer’s Disease Brain
Authors: Wildburger Norelle C. , Esparza Thomas J. , LeDuc Richard D. , Fellers Ryan T. , Thomas Paul M. , Cairns Nigel J. , Kelleher Neil L. , Bateman Randall J. , Brody David L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAmyloid-beta (Aβ) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but little is known about the proteoforms present in AD brain. We used high-resolution mass spectrometry to analyze intact Aβ from soluble aggregates and insoluble material in brains of six cases with severe dementia and pathologically confirmed AD. The soluble aggregates are especially relevant because they are believed to be the most toxic form of Aβ. We found a diversity of Aβ peptides, with 26 unique proteoforms including various N- and C-terminal truncations. N- and C-terminal truncations comprised 73% and 30%, respectively, of the total Aβ proteoforms detected. The Aβ proteoforms segregated between the soluble and more insoluble aggregates with N-terminal truncations predominating in the insoluble material and C- terminal truncations segregating into the soluble aggregates. In contrast, canonical Aβ comprised the minority of the identified proteoforms (15.3%) and did not distinguish between the soluble and more insoluble aggregates. The relative abundance of many truncated Aβ proteoforms did not correlate with post-mortem interval, suggesting they are not artefacts. This heterogeneity of Aβ proteoforms deepens our understanding of AD and offers many new avenues for investigation into pathological mechanisms of the disease, with implications for therapeutic development.
A Preliminary Comparison of Reading Subtypes in a Clinical Sample of Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Werfel Krystal L. , Krimm Hannah 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this preliminary study was to (a) compare the pattern of reading subtypes among a clinical sample of children with specific language impairment (SLI) and children with typical language and (b) evaluate phonological and nonphonological language deficits within each reading impairment subtype.

Method
Participants were 32 children with SLI and 39 children with typical language in Grades 2 through 4. Each child was classified as demonstrating 1 of 4 reading subtypes on the basis of word-level and text-level skills: typical reading, dyslexia, specific reading comprehension impairment, or garden variety reading impairment. In addition, phonological and nonphonological language skills were evaluated.

Results
Children with SLI were more likely to exhibit reading impairments than children with typical language. Children with SLI were more likely to exhibit text-level deficits than children with typical language. Phonological language deficits were observed in children with word-level deficits, and nonphonological language deficits were observed in children with text-level deficits.

Conclusions
The results indicate that the patterns of reading subtypes differ among children with SLI and children with typical language. The findings highlight the importance of simultaneously but separately considering word-level and text-level skills in studies of reading impairment.
A Cross-Language Study of Acoustic Predictors of Speech Intelligibility in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Kim Yunjung , Choi Yaelin 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The present study aimed to compare acoustic models of speech intelligibility in individuals with the same disease (Parkinson's disease [PD]) and presumably similar underlying neuropathologies but with different native languages (American English [AE] and Korean).

Method
A total of 48 speakers from the 4 speaker groups (AE speakers with PD, Korean speakers with PD, healthy English speakers, and healthy Korean speakers) were asked to read a paragraph in their native languages. Four acoustic variables were analyzed: acoustic vowel space, voice onset time contrast scores, normalized pairwise variability index, and articulation rate. Speech intelligibility scores were obtained from scaled estimates of sentences extracted from the paragraph.

Results
The findings indicated that the multiple regression models of speech intelligibility were different in Korean and AE, even with the same set of predictor variables and with speakers matched on speech intelligibility across languages. Analysis of the descriptive data for the acoustic variables showed the expected compression of the vowel space in speakers with PD in both languages, lower normalized pairwise variability index scores in Korean compared with AE, and no differences within or across language in articulation rate.

Conclusions
The results indicate that the basis of an intelligibility deficit in dysarthria is likely to depend on the native language of the speaker and listener. Additional research is required to explore other potential predictor variables, as well as additional language comparisons to pursue cross-linguistic considerations in classification and diagnosis of dysarthria types.
Stimulus Characteristics of Single-Word Tests of Children's Speech Sound Production
Authors: Macrae Toby 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
This clinical focus article provides readers with a description of the stimulus characteristics of 12 popular tests of speech sound production.

Method
Using significance testing and descriptive analyses, stimulus items were compared in terms of the number of opportunities for production of all consonant singletons, clusters, and rhotic and nonrhotic vowels of Standard American English; phonetic/phonological and structural complexity; and the presence of bound morphemes.

Results
The tests varied widely in terms of the number of opportunities for production of consonant singletons, clusters, and rhotic and nonrhotic vowels. Most of the tests included only 1 opportunity, scored or unscored, to produce a majority of the consonant singletons in each word position. Only 3 of the tests included stimulus items with 3-element clusters. The majority contained limited opportunities to produce 3- or 4-syllable stimulus items. The tests provided sufficient opportunities for production of most vowels, although most did not score vowels. The tests differed significantly in the complexity of their stimulus items. Most, however, contained a negligible number of items that, with the addition of a bound morpheme, resulted in a word-final cluster.

Conclusion
Most of the tests elicit an inadequate sample with which to conduct a comprehensive phonological analysis.
Smartphone‐based crowdsourcing for position estimation of public transport vehicles
Authors: Mukheja Pankaj , Kiran K Mukesh , Velaga Nagendra R. , Sharmila R.B. 
Published: August 2017

In this research, a real‐time positioning method, which utilises crowdsourced positioning data obtained from smartphone GPS is developed. Such vehicle location information obtained from crowdsourcing and smartphones in public transport could replace traditional automatic vehicle location systems. However, the location information from smartphone GPS is more erroneous. The proposed methodology serves as an alternative to existing positioning methods to improve the vehicle positioning accuracy. The developed enhanced particle filter algorithm takes smartphone GPS positioning data [from multiple passengers in a single transit vehicle (e.g. bus)] as input data. This ‘crowdsourced’ data can then be utilised to calculate the vehicles’ positioning information with better accuracy using the developed enhanced particle filter algorithm. The developed algorithm was tested using data collected on 14 different bus routes in urban and suburban areas of Mumbai, India, and it was identified that the algorithm is effective in reducing the average error up to 21.3% from a regular smartphone GPS and 10% from extended Kalman filter algorithm and was able to curtail positioning error within 8.672 m (average over 14 routes).
DustPedia: Multiwavelength photometry and imagery of 875 nearby galaxies in 42 ultraviolet-microwave bands
Authors: Clark C. J. R. , Verstocken S. , Bianchi S. , Fritz J. , Viaene S. , Smith M. W. L. , Baes M. , Casasola V. , Cassara L. P. , Davies J. I. , De Looze I. , De Vis P. , Evans R. , Galametz M. , Jones A. P. , Lianou S. , Madden S. , Mosenkov A. V. , Xilouris M. 
Published: August 2017

Aims. The DustPedia project is capitalising on the legacy of the Herschel Space Observatory, using cutting-edge modelling techniques to study dust in the 875 DustPedia galaxies – representing the vast majority of extended galaxies within 3000 km s-1 that were observed by Herschel. This work requires a database of multiwavelength imagery and photometry that greatly exceeds the scope (in terms of wavelength coverage and number of galaxies) of any previous local-Universe survey.
Methods. We constructed a database containing our own custom Herschel reductions, along with standardised archival observations from GALEX, SDSS, DSS, 2MASS, WISE, Spitzer, and Planck. Using these data, we performed consistent aperture-matched photometry, which we combined with external supplementary photometry from IRAS and Planck.
Results. We present our multiwavelength imagery and photometry across 42 UV-microwave bands for the 875 DustPedia galaxies. Our aperture-matched photometry, combined with the external supplementary photometry, represents a total of 21 857 photometric measurements. A typical DustPedia galaxy has multiwavelength photometry spanning 25 bands. We also present the Comprehensive & Adaptable Aperture Photometry Routine (CAAPR), the pipeline we developed to carry out our aperture-matched photometry. CAAPR is designed to produce consistent photometry for the enormous range of galaxy and observation types in our data. In particular, CAAPR is able to determine robust cross-compatible uncertainties, thanks to a novel method for reliably extrapolating the aperture noise for observations that cover a very limited amount of background. Our rich database of imagery and photometry is being made available to the community.
Neuroplasticity of selective attention: Research foundations and preliminary evidence for a gene by intervention interaction
Authors: Isbell Elif , Stevens Courtney , Pakulak Eric , Hampton Wray Amanda , Bell Theodore A. , Neville Helen J. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Selective attention is the ability to select and preferentially process specific information while simultaneously suppressing the processing of irrelevant, competing distractors. It is a fundamental ability linked to various cognitive skills and academic achievement. We describe the foundations and history of our research program, which spans from basic research on neural mechanisms and neuroplasticity of selective attention to translational research aimed at designing interventions to improve selective attention. We also present preliminary evidence for gene × intervention interactions in neural mechanisms of selective attention in children from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds. This program of research demonstrates the marked malleability of neural systems for selective attention and highlights the potential for changes in selective attention as a function of intervention.
Non-renditions in court interpreting
Authors: Cheung Andrew K. F. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
By examining the types and frequencies of non-renditions in a 100-hour corpus of court interpreting records from Hong Kong, this study demonstrated that court interpreters actively coordinate communication when carrying out their interpreting duties. Non-renditions are interpreters’ utterances that do not have a corresponding counterpart in the source language, and such renditions are ordinarily used to coordinate interpreter-mediated exchanges. This analysis revealed that in the Hong Kong court setting, non-renditions were less common in English (the court language) than in Cantonese (the main language of the witnesses and defendants). In the Cantonese subsample, interactional non-renditions were more common than textual non-renditions, and most of these utterances were self-initiated rather than prompted by others. In the English subsample, textual non-renditions were more common than interactional non-renditions, and most of them were other-prompted. The skewed distribution of non-renditions, and particularly the tendency to address non-renditions to the lay participants, suggests that court interpreters may not be absolutely impartial.
The ideological role of selective translation in reconfiguration of news frames
Authors: Shahi Mohammad , Talebinejad Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Drawing on social and cognitive models of news frame theory and argumentative approach to political discourse analysis, we studied how a declaration made by an Iranian general about revoking the citizenship of Bahrain uprising movement’s leader was selectively translated and reframed in 7 English news websites. The findings revealed that the reframed texts, on the one hand, suppressed the values and circumstantial premises of the declaration, and on the other hand, reframed the text in such a way that portrayed Iran as an interventionist seeking sectarianism in Bahrain. This study indicated that what underwent shift were not just arbitrary words and phrases; rather, the whole frame was reconfigured according to the interests of the news websites. In this process, selective translations were merely used as incontrovertible proof to support the frame buttressed by the target news websites.
The effect of memory training on consecutive interpreting performance by interpreter trainees
Authors: Yenkimaleki Mahmood , van Heuven Vincent J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe present study investigates the effect of memory training on the quality of interpreting by Farsi-to-English interpreter trainees, with special attention to diminishing the rate of omission of message elements. Participants were assigned to two groups on the basis of their overall performance on a TOEFL test, with equal division between genders. The control group was taught interpreting skills by the routine curriculum, while the experimental, group spent part of the time on memory training exercises, e.g. imagination and story retelling. Three raters assessed the accuracy of interpreting, omissions, additions, grammar, expression, terminology, pace and accentuation in the trainees’ pre-test and post-test performance. Statistical analysis shows that the memory training had a positive effect on the quality of interpreting, particularly so on decreasing the omission rate. The results have implications for curriculum designers of interpreting programs, material producers and all who are involved in interpreting studies and its pedagogy.