bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallization-induced amide bond formation creates a boron-centered spirocyclic system
Authors: Pappin Brighid B. , Levonis Stephan M. , Healy Peter C. , Kiefel Milton J. , Simone Michela I. , Houston Todd A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The 5-nitrosalicylate ester of 2-acetamidophenylboronic acid (C15H10BN2O6) is formed under crystallization conditions from the 5-nitrosalicylate ester of 2-aminophenylboronic acid. The boron at the center of this structure exists as a tetrahedral complex produced by a dative bond with the amide carbonyl. The perpendicular shape produces an unusual packing structure including a bifurcated hydrogen bond between the amide hydrogen and carbonyl groups on two neighboring molecules. We propose that this reaction occurs due to increased Lewis acidity of the nitrosalicylate ester of 2-aminophenylboronic acid.
Effects of small-sided soccer games on internal and external load and lower limb power: a pilot study in collegiate players
Authors: Clemente Filipe Manuel , Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros , Linden Cornelis M.I. (Niels) van der , Silva Bruno 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe aim of the study was to examine the influence of small-sided and conditioned games (SSG) on the internal load (heart rate [HR] and perceived exertion), external load (Global Positioning System variables), and lower limb power (squat jump [SJ] and countermovement jump [CMJ]).MethodsSix collegiate male soccer players (age 20.3 ± 4.8 years; maximal oxygen uptake 42.9 ± 2.7 ml/kg/min; maximal HR 184.7 bpm) performed three 2-min bouts of 1 vs. 1 and two 3-min bouts of 3 vs. 3 format with a work-to-rest ratio of 1:1.5. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures tested the effects of bouts and SSG formats on the internal and external load and on the lower limb power.ResultsThe 3rd bout had significantly higher HRaverage and %HRmax values than the 2<sup>nd</sup> bout (<i>p</i> = 0.027 and <i>p</i> = 0.026, respectively). The 1st SSG bout presented higher total distance than the 2nd bout (<i>p</i> = 0.007). The comparison among bouts revealed higher values of pace and player load intensity in the 1<sup>st</sup> bout than in the 2<sup>nd</sup> one (<i>p</i> = 0.015 and <i>p</i> = 0.019, respectively). No differences were found in SJ and CMJ among bouts (<i>p</i> = 0.981 and <i>p</i> = 0.307, respectively). SSG formats differed for total distance (<i>p</i> = 0.001; <i>ES</i> = 0.891; longer distance in 3 vs. 3 format), but not for %HRmax (<i>p</i> = 0.953; <i>ES</i> = 0.001).ConclusionsPhysiological and physical responses varied during bouts. Nevertheless, small differences between SSG formats were found. SSG bouts did not have significant impact on the lower limb power.
Characteristics of the life habits of obese students at one of Japan's National Colleges of Technology
Authors: Nagasawa Yoshinori , Demura Shin-ichi , Shimada Shigeru 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Aim
This study clarified the characteristics of life habits of obese Japanese male students at the National Colleges of Technology, Japan.

Materials and methods
Healthy students aged 15–19 years answered a questionnaire containing 21 items on the following five categories of life habits: general exercise, meals, sleeping, leisure activity and illness or injury history. The subjects were divided into three groups based on the criteria of body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (%BF): non-obese (%BF < 20%, n = 420), overweight obese (%BF ≥ 20% and BMI ≥ 25, n = 99), and hidden obese (%BF ≥ 20% and BMI < 25, n = 60). The mean differences in waking time, bedtime and amount of time spent walking, sleeping and watching TV per day were examined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests for each item.

Results
The overweight obese and hidden obese groups engaged in less exercise time, were more likely to eat until they were full at meals and were less likely to eat between meals or late at night than the non-obese group. In addition, the non-obese group had significantly later waking times and significantly less TV-watching time than the overweight obese group. There were no significant differences with respect to leisure activity and illness or injury history among the three groups. Many students in all groups had regular waking times and were not performing any leisure activities.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that obese students may need further guidance to help them maintain a healthy life and appropriate weight.
Obesity prevalence and contributing factors among adolescents in secondary schools in Pemagatshel district, Bhutan
Authors: Norbu Wang , Wangdi Ugyen , Dorji Desang , Arthan Dumrongkiet , Soonthornworasiri Ngamphol , Maneekan Pannamas , Thongthien Pimpimon , Viravathana Nantaporn , Prangthip Pattaneeya 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of obesity has increased globally, with childhood and adolescent obesity being more common in developed countries. There has been no study on teenage obesity in Bhutan. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity in Bhutan for the first time in order to provide a baseline for future researchers.

Methods
The investigation, which included 392 adolescents, aimed to identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its contributing factors. Anthropometric measurements, food recall and knowledge, attitude, behaviour and environment questionnaires were administered. The body mass index (BMI) cut-off points for adolescents matched with those of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Results
The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the participants were 7.1% and 1.5%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was 1.0% in females and 0.5% in males (p < 0.001). There were significant (p < 0.001) correlations between BMI and other variables; however, Pearson’s χ2 test uncovered no significant associations. BMI also had no significant associations with attitude, behaviour, environment and distance travelled to school. Food recall results revealed the following findings for average food consumption: total energy intake, 3522.6 kcal; fat, 47.6 g; carbohydrate, 690.2 g; protein, 90.5 g; fibre, 20.3 g; and sodium, 12.5 g.

Conclusion
The results of this study clarified the prevalence of obesity among adolescents in Bhutan, who require appropriate strategies for combating overweight and obesity.
Water Dynamics in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Flesh during Baking and Microwave Heating: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies
Authors: Xia Kexin , Wang Haitao , Huang Linlin , Xu Wei , Zang Xiu , Song Yukun , Zu Yinxue , Zhu Beiwei , Tan Mingqian 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Turbot is a valuable commercial species because of its high nutrition content. Water redistribution during heating was attributed to temperature-induced protein denaturation and structural shrinkage. Therefore, knowledge about water dynamics provides valuable information related to flesh physical properties (weight loss, color and shear force). Herein, water dynamics in turbot during baking and microwave heating were elucidated by using low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Four distinct water populations with relaxation times of 0.20–0.60 ms, 2.00–6.00 ms, 30.00–60.00 ms, and 250.00–560.00 ms were identified. The dramatic variation of water populations during baking and microwave heating indicated protein denaturation and structural shrinkage, which was further verified by MRI and microscopic examination. Furthermore, good linear correlations were observed between NMR parameters and weight loss, color and shear force. The results revealed that the water mobility and distribution in turbot provided valuable information for quality analysis during baking and microwave heating.
Transient Analysis of Heat Transfer by Natural Convection Along a Vertical Wavy Surface
Authors: Siddiqa Sadia , Mahfooz M. , Hossain M. A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The problem considered in this paper deal with the transient behavior of heat transfer by natural convection flow of fluid along an infinite vertical heated wavy surface. The governing equations are transformed into dimensionless form and solutions are obtained for the two dimensional flow for both pure (α=0) and uneven surface (α ≠ 0). For pure vertical surface boundary layer equations are solved in the (i) upstream (small τ) (ii) downstream (large τ) and (iii) entire (0<τ<∞) regimes using analytical and numerical techniques. A very good agreement is found when results of above mentioned regimes are compared. Further, for wavy surface solutions are obtained for the entire time regime and results are discussed in terms of average Nusselt number coefficient and isotherms. Numerical results are served to reveal the influence of the physical parameters such as the Prandtl number, Pr, and wavy geometry, α, for the surface conditions.
Korean L2 speakers’ regulatory focus and oral task performance
Authors: Han Yeji , McDonough Kim 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe L2 motivation self system posits that motivation emerges from the dynamic interactions among a learner’s ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self, and situated learning experience. Only a few studies to date have investigated the individual and combined impact of trait-based and task-induced motivation (i. e., situational motivation related to the immediate learning environment) on L2 performance. Therefore, the current study explored whether Korean L2 speakers’ trait-based and task-induced regulatory focus impacted their oral task performance. Vietnamese university students (N=62) studying Korean as a foreign language completed a questionnaire to assess their L2 instrumentality as being oriented toward prevention or promotion. They were randomly assigned to promotion or prevention task-induced conditions, and then carried out an oral task. The results indicated that whereas the participants’ general motivational tendencies did not impact their task performance, the task-induced prevention condition facilitated faster speech rate (i. e., fluency) and lower error rate (i. e., accuracy) than the promotion condition. Implications for further studies are discussed.
Energy conservation: A theory of L2 ultimate attainment
Authors: Han ZhaoHong , Bao Gang , Wiita Paul 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe current theoretical landscape of second language acquisition (SLA) features abundance, disunity, and fragmentation. As early as 1993, Long counted 68 theories. That number, for sure, has only multiplied in the ensuing years, though what exactly counts as a theory has remained conceptually unsettled. Extant theories are diverse and disparate; they do not seem to gravitate toward a coherent understanding of SLA. In this article, we argue that a way to make theoretical headways is by engaging critical, well-established phenomena, a theoretical path that has long been noted but has remained intact. Using ultimate attainment, one of such phenomena, as an object of theorizing, we propose a new theory to both complement the theoretical spectrum in SLA and provide for a more holistic understanding of the phenomenon at hand.
Same difference? L1 influence in the use of initial adverbials in English novice writing
Authors: Van Vuuren Sanne , Berns Janine 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper examines the use of clause-initial adverbials in English novice writing. Previous research has identified frequent use of such adverbials as characteristic of Dutch EFL writing. Our contrastive corpus analysis of novice writing by Dutch and Francophone learners as well as native speakers allows us to determine whether this use of initial adverbials is (a) a V2 transfer effect, (b) a general interlanguage feature, independent of learners’ L1, or (c) a characteristic of novice writing in general, holding true for both native and non-native writers. We will show that both learner groups are ‘equally different’ from the native-speaker novice writers in their frequent use of initial adverbials, but appear to have distinct underlying reasons for this linguistic behaviour: Francophone writers place adverbials in initial position more often for stylistic purposes, while Dutch writers have a stronger tendency to use initial adverbials for local discourse linking.
Review. Perioperative Management of Lactic Acidosis in End-Stage Liver Disease Patient
Authors: Vitin Alexander A. , Azamfirei Leonard , Tomescu Dana , Lang John D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLactic acidosis (LA) in end-stage liver disease (ESLD) patients has been recognized as one of the most complicated clinical problems and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Multiple-organ failure, associated with advanced stages of cirrhosis, exacerbates dysfunction of numerous parts of lactate metabolism cycle, which manifests as increased lactate production and impaired clearance, leading to severe LA-induced acidemia. These problems become especially prominent in ESLD patients, that undergo partial hepatectomy and, particularly, liver transplantation. Perioperative management of LA and associated severe acidemia is an inseparable part of anesthesia, post-operative and critical care for this category of patients, presenting a wide variety of challenges. In this review, lactic acidosis applied pathophysiology, clinical implications for ESLD patients, diagnosis, role of intraoperative factors, such as anesthesia- and surgery-related, vasoactive agents impact, and also current treatment options and modalities have been discussed.
An innovative mindfulness and educational care approach in an adult patient affected by gastroesophageal reflux: the IARA model
Authors: De Giorgio Andrea , Loscalzo Rita Maria , Ponte Marco , Padovan Anna Maria , Graceffa Giuseppina , Gulotta Francesca 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Patients affected by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have a poor quality of life caused by several manifestations such as cough, asthma, laryngitis and dental erosion. The clinical conditions are highly disabling for patients and symptoms are difficult to manage. These conditions lead to many discomforts which contribute to an increase of the disease perception. For these reasons, it is important to improve the interventions on psychological aspects that ameliorate the patients’ quality of life. The application of IARA model has proven useful to decrease GERD symptoms, distress and medication intake and to increase adherence to care, improving the patient’s quality of life.
Advanced methods for computation of electrical parameters for overhead transmission lines
Authors: Cenký Matej , Bendík Jozef , Eleschová Žaneta 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper is aimed on the calculation of the electrical parameters of the overhead transmission lines. Standard trans- position and untransposed calculations are presented, also with results on the existing power line on 110 kV voltage level and known measured values of the electrical parameters. These measured parameters are used as the reference values. A presumption is made, that through more complex calculation one can achieve better results. The real results achieved are presented and compared with an ideal presumption
Evaluation of interaction dynamics of concurrent processes
Authors: Sobecki Piotr , Białasiewicz Jan T. , Gross Nicholas 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present the wavelet tools that enable the detection of temporal interactions of concurrent processes. In particular, the determination of interaction coherence of time-varying signals is achieved using a complex continuous wavelet transform. This paper has used electrocardiogram (ECG) and seismocardiogram (SCG) data set to show multiple continuous wavelet analysis techniques based on Morlet wavelet transform. MATLAB Graphical User Interface (GUI), developed in the reported research to assist in quick and simple data analysis, is presented. These software tools can discover the interaction dynamics of time-varying signals, hence they can reveal their correlation in phase and amplitude, as well as their non-linear interconnections. The user-friendly MATLAB GUI enables effective use of the developed software what enables to load two processes under investigation, make choice of the required processing parameters, and then perform the analysis. The software developed is a useful tool for researchers who have a need for investigation of interaction dynamics of concurrent processes.
On τσ-quasinormal subgroups of finite groups
Authors: Beidleman James C. , Skiba Alexander N. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Let

σ
=

{

σ
i

∣

i
∈
I

}

{\sigma=\{\sigma_{i}\mid i\in I\}}

be a partition of
the set of all primes

ℙ

{\mathbb{P}}

and G a finite group.
A set

ℋ

{{\mathcal{H}}}

of subgroups of G is said to be a complete Hall
σ-set of G if every member

≠
1

{\neq 1}

of

ℋ

{{\mathcal{H}}}

is a Hall

σ
i

{\sigma_{i}}

-subgroup of G for some

i
∈
I

{i\in I}

and

ℋ

{\mathcal{H}}

contains exactly one Hall

σ
i

{\sigma_{i}}

-subgroup of G
for every i such that

σ
i

∩

π
⁢

(
G
)

≠
∅

{\sigma_{i}\cap\pi(G)\neq\emptyset}

.
Let

τ
ℋ

(
A
)

=

{

σ
i

∈
σ

(
G
)

∖
σ

(
A
)

∣
σ

(
A
)

∩
σ

(

H
G

)

≠
∅

\tau_{\mathcal{H}}(A)=\{\sigma_{i}\in\sigma(G)\setminus\sigma(A)\mid\sigma(A)%
\cap\sigma(H^{G})\neq\emptyset

for a Hall

σ
i

{\sigma_{i}}

-subgroup H of

G
}

{G\}}

. We say that a subgroup A of G is

τ
σ

{\tau_{\sigma}}

-permutable or

τ
σ

{\tau_{\sigma}}

-quasinormal in
G with respect to

ℋ

{{\mathcal{H}}}

if

A
⁢

H
x

=

H
x

⁢
A

{AH^{x}=H^{x}A}

for all

x
∈
G

{x\in G}

and
all

H
∈
ℋ

{H\in\mathcal{H}}

such that

σ
⁢

(
H
)

⊆

τ
ℋ

⁢

(
A
)

{\sigma(H)\subseteq\tau_{\mathcal{H}}(A)}

, and

τ
σ

{\tau_{\sigma}}

-permutable or

τ
σ

{\tau_{\sigma}}

-quasinormal in
G if A is

τ
σ

{\tau_{\sigma}}

-permutable in
G with respect to some complete Hall
σ-set of G.
We study G assuming that

τ
σ

{\tau_{\sigma}}

-quasinormality is a transitive
relation in G.
Effect of pouring temperature on A356-TiB2 MMCs cast in sand and permanent moulds by in-situ method
Authors: Rajaravi C. , Lakshminarayanan P.R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe paper describes a different condition of pouring temperature by sand and permanent mould to produce A356-6 wt% TiB2 metal matrix composites by in-situ method salt metal reaction route. The observation of SEM micrographs shows particle distribution of the TiB2 and it appears in hexagonal shape in Al matrix. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of those TiB2 particulates and the results showed TiB2 particles are homogeneously dispersed throughout the matrix metal. Subsequent structure-property evaluation studies indicated sub-micron size reinforcement of in-situ formed TiB2 particles with improved physical and mechanical properties as compared to sand and permanent mould of Al-TiB2 composites. From, the permanent mould Al-TiB2 composite has an advantage of increase the properties over sand mould Al-TiB2 composite.
Wikipedia Users in the Light of International Research – Practical Implications
Authors: Bartosik-Purgat Małgorzata 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Innovations, new technological solutions by means of which users have constant access to information from all over the world, are continuously influencing the way people live. A very important moment in the development of using the Internet was the appearance of the first social media. One of the first and most widely known is Wikipedia, described as the Internet encyclopaedia.
The aim of the article is to identify the ways of using Wikipedia by individual users in various foreign countries, with respect to the characteristics such as age, gender and education. The analysis of the literature has been complemented with the results of the empirical study that was conducted in several countries (China, Germany, India, Poland, Russia, Spain, the United States and Turkey). The analysis of the empirical data showed significant differentiation of the influence of the studied determinants on the ways of using the Wikipedia resources. In the majority of the studied groups gender was the most differentiating determinant.
Management Students′ Expectations towards Organizational Leaders. Polish Case in the Context of other CEE Countries
Authors: Haromszeki Łukasz 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In this article the author, after the presentation of some theoretical assumptions, presents the management students′ opinions about their expectations towards organizational leaders. The author attempts to determine the similarities and differences in respondents′ expectations related to their gender, different level of studies - bachelor, master and postgraduate, and stage of life. The results show that these factors have an impact on individual expectations towards leaders′ features and style of behavior. The data obtained is also correlated with author’s previous studies in this domain conducted by using different methods of research in groups of students from 12 countries. The author also compares the results of his research to other international studies of future managers′ expectations (students of management) towards organizational leaders, which according to their knowledge and impression are a guarantee of success in their cultural environment.
Leadership and Management in Clinical Biochemistry
Authors: Jørgensen Per E. 
Published: May 2017

Summary
Challenging times lay ahead for laboratory medicine in Europe due to at least three factors. 1) The scientific and technological developments increase the diagnostic possibilities but at the same time they will also change the interfaces among the different specialties of laboratory medicine. 2) The demographic changes with a more elderly population increase the demands for laboratory tests. 3) The increased complexity of the health care system combined with more well-informed patients calls for more coherent clinical pathways across the different sectors, for an increased focus on patient safety, and for a stronger involvement of patients and relatives. These issues cause both threats and opportunities for laboratory medicine – and they have to be handled in a situation with limited economic growth and shortage of money. This calls for a new organization of laboratory medicine in many hospitals as well as for a more active involvement of laboratory medicine in the clinical work and in the contact with the patients. Laboratory medicine will need dedicated and skillful leadership in order to prosper and grow during these challenging changes.
Evaluation of endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: a study from Turkey
Authors: Gokcebay Dilek Gurlek , Azik Fatih , Bayram Cengiz , Erdem Arzu Yazal , Fettah Ali , Isik Pamir , Yarali Nese , Demirel Fatma , Tunc Bahattin , Ozbek Namik 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground:Endocrine organs are highly susceptible to effects of high-dose chemotherapy. The objective of the study was to evaluate endocrine and metabolic complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children.Methods:The patients who underwent HSCT in our center from April 2010 to October 2014 with at least 1 year follow-up were analyzed retrospectively.Results:One-hundred children (M/F:59/41; mean age 8.9±4.8 years, mean follow-up time 3.4±1.2 years) were included in the study. Female hypogonadism was the most common endocrine dysfunction (35.7%), followed by growth impairment (29.4%), malnutrition (27.4%), dyslipidemia (26%), low bone mineral density (BMD) (25%), hypothyroidism (13%) and insulin resistance (12%). Patients who underwent HSCT >10 years of age were significantly at risk for hypogonadism, metabolic syndrome, growth impairment and malnutrition (p<0.05).Conclusions:Endocrine or metabolic dysfunctions are more prevalent in children who are older than 10 years of age at HSCT. Children who underwent HSCT should be followed-up by a multidisciplinary team during puberty and adolescence.