bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic structure of a rhinovirus C, a virus species linked to severe childhood asthma
Authors: Liu Yue , Hill Marchel G. , Klose Thomas , Chen Zhenguo , Watters Kelly , Bochkov Yury A. , Jiang Wen , Palmenberg Ann C. , Rossmann Michael G. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
The recently identified rhinovirus C (RV-C) species of picornaviruses might be associated with more severe respiratory infections than other rhinoviruses in children. The RV-C have been linked to 50–85% of hospital-level childhood asthma exacerbations that can lead to significant adult respiratory problems. However, there are currently no effective antiviral treatments or vaccines available. Using cryoelectron microscopy, we have determined the atomic structures of the full virion and native empty particle (NEP) of a cell-adapted RV-C strain. The structures highlight novel immunogenic sites on the virus surface, a probable binding site for the RV-C receptor, molecular determinants of antiviral resistance, and the rationale of utilizing NEPs as vaccine candidates. These results provide the basis for designing antiviral therapeutics and vaccines.
Auditory-induced neural dynamics in sensory-motor circuitry predict learned temporal and sequential statistics of birdsong
Authors: Bouchard Kristofer E. , Brainard Michael S. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
The neural basis of prediction is poorly understood. Here, utilizing the probabilistic song sequences of the Bengalese finch, we recorded neural activity following the termination of auditory playback of an individual’s produced song sequences. We demonstrate that induced neural activity is predictive of the timing and identity of individual syllables. Consistent with the intuition that more uncertain sequences should give rise to weaker predictions, we find that the uncertainty of upcoming syllables modulates the strength of neural predictions. The utility of such statistical predictions for a variety of neural computations suggest that similar properties of neural dynamics may be a general feature of sensory and motor circuits.
The Thirteenth-Century Visitation Records of the Diocese of Hereford
Authors: Forrest Ian , Whittick Christopher 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
When visitation of the laity became a regular feature of parish and diocesan life towards the end of the thirteenth century, it relied upon new forms of documentation. Three visitation records of the late thirteenth century from Hereford diocese are edited here, and the character of the documents, produced under the pioneering bishops Thomas Cantilupe and Richard Swinfield, is described and analysed. The authors discuss the reasons for the emergence of regular episcopal visitation around this time, and the nature and utility of the documents which it generated and on which its viability depended.
Resilience of cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) to salinity: implications for food security in low-lying regions
Authors: Gleadow Ros , Pegg Amelia , Blomstedt Cecilia K. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Rising sea levels are threatening agricultural production in coastal regions due to inundation and contamination of groundwater. The development of more salt-tolerant crops is essential. Cassava is an important staple, particularly among poor subsistence farmers. Its tolerance to drought and elevated temperatures make it highly suitable for meeting global food demands in the face of climate change, but its ability to tolerate salt is unknown. Cassava stores nitrogen in the form of cyanogenic glucosides and can cause cyanide poisoning unless correctly processed. Previous research demonstrated that cyanide levels are higher in droughted plants, possibly as a mechanism for increasing resilience to oxidative stress. We determined the tolerance of cassava to salt at two different stages of development, and tested the hypothesis that cyanide toxicity would be higher in salt-stressed plants. Cassava was grown at a range of concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) at two growth stages: tuber initiation and tuber expansion. Established plants were able to tolerate 100mM NaCl but in younger plants 40mM was sufficient to retard plant growth severely. Nutrient analysis showed that plants were only able to exclude sodium at low concentrations. The foliar cyanogenic glucoside concentration in young plants increased under moderate salinity stress but was lower in plants grown at high salt. Importantly, there was no significant change in the cyanogenic glucoside concentration in the tubers. We propose that the mechanisms for salinity tolerance are age dependent, and that this can be traced to the relative cost of leaves in young and old plants.
Sulfur and zinc abundances of red giant stars†
Authors: Takeda Yoichi , Omiya Masashi , Harakawa Hiroki , Sato Bun'ei 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Sulfur and zinc are chemically volatile elements, which play significant roles as depletion-free tracers in studying galactic chemical evolution. However, regarding red giants having evolved off the main sequence, reliable abundance determinations of S and Zn seem to be difficult, despite the several studies that have been reported so far. Given this situation, we tried to establish the abundances of these elements for an extensive sample of 239 field GK giants ( − 0.8 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ +0.2), by applying the spectrum-fitting technique to S i 8694–5, S i 6757, and Zn i 6362 lines and by taking into account the non-LTE effect. Besides, similar abundance analysis was done for 160 FGK dwarfs to be used for comparison. The non-LTE corrections for the S and Zn abundances derived from these lines turned out to be ≲ 0.1(–0.2) dex for most cases and not very significant. It revealed that the S i 6757 feature is more reliable as an abundance indicator than S i 8694–5 for the case of red giants, because the latter suffers blending of unidentified lines. The finally resulting [S/Fe]–[Fe/H] and [Zn/Fe]–[Fe/H] relations for GK giants were confirmed to be in good agreement with those for FGK dwarfs, indicating that S and Zn abundances of red giants are reliably determinable from the S i 6757 and Zn i 6362 lines. Accordingly, not only main-sequence stars but also evolved red giant stars are usable for tracing the chemical evolution history of S and Zn in the regime of disk metallicity by using these lines.
A Case of Reactive Arthritis Associated With Lymphogranuloma Venereum Infection in a Woman
Authors: Foschi Claudio , Banzola Nicoletta , Gaspari Valeria , D’Antuono Antonietta , Cevenini Roberto , Marangoni Antonella 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We report the first case of reactive arthritis associated with lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in an Italian human immunodeficiency virus–negative woman with urogenital and rectal Chlamydia trachomatis L2 serovar infection. The LGV-associated arthritis has to be considered even when classic symptoms of arthritis are missing and in case of asymptomatic or cryptic LGV localizations.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Practices and Interest in Self-Testing Options Among Young, Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in North Carolina
Authors: Hurt Christopher B. , Soni Karina , Miller William C. , Hightow-Weidman Lisa B. 
Published: August 2016

Background
Young, black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) experience disproportionately high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence in the United States. Relative to other at-risk populations, less is known about their HIV testing behaviors and preferences regarding self-testing.

Methods
We used an online survey to investigate testing practices and interest in self-testing among HIV-uninfected, 18- to 30-year-old YBMSM in North Carolina.

Results
From July 2014 to March 2015, 212 completed the survey; median age was 24 years. Among 175 (83%) who had ever been tested, 160 (91%) reported testing in the prior year, 124 (71%) tested at least every 6 months, and 71 (40%) tested at least quarterly. About three quarters (77%; n = 164) were aware of HIV self-testing; 35 (17%) had ever purchased rapid (n = 27) or dried blood spot-based (n = 14) kits. Participants aware of kits had greater intention to test in the next 6 months, were more likely to have income for basic necessities and to ask sex partners about HIV status, and were less likely to have a main sex partner or to have had transactional sex. Among 142 participants at least somewhat likely to self-test in the future, convenience (35%), privacy (23%), and rapid result delivery (18%) were the principal motivators.

Conclusions
Eight of every 10 YBMSM have ever been tested for HIV, but intertest intervals remain unacceptably long for many. Awareness of and interest in self-testing is substantial, but few have used this method. Expanded use of self-tests could help increase the frequency of HIV testing in this epidemiologically important population.
Higher HPV16 and HPV18 Penile Viral Loads Are Associated With Decreased Human Papillomavirus Clearance in Uncircumcised Kenyan Men
Authors: Senkomago Virginia , Backes Danielle M. , Hudgens Michael G. , Poole Charles , Meshnick Steven R. , Agot Kawango , Moses Stephen , Snijders Peter JF. , Meijer Chris JLM. , Hesselink Albertus T. , Schlecht Nicolas F. , Bailey Robert C. , Smith Jennifer S. 
Published: August 2016

Background
Whether higher penile human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load is associated with a lower rate of HPV clearance remains unknown.

Objectives
We examined the association between penile HPV16 and HPV18 viral load and subsequent HPV clearance in uncircumcised Kenyan men.

Study Design
Participants were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative, sexually active, 18- to 24-year-old men randomized to the control arm of a male circumcision trial in Kisumu, Kenya. Men provided exfoliated penile cells from two anatomical sites (glans/coronal sulcus and shaft) every 6 months for 2 years. GP5+/6+ polymerase chain reaction was used to identify 44 HPV-DNA types. Human papillomavirus viral load testing was conducted using a LightCyler real-time polymerase chain reaction assay; viral load was classified as high (>250 copies/scrape) or low (≤250 copies/scrape), for nonquantifiable values. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression modeling were used to examine the association between HPV viral load and HPV clearance.

Results
A total of 1097 men, with 291 HPV16 and 131 HPV18 cumulative infections over 24 months were analyzed. Human papillomavirus clearance at 6 months after first HPV detection was lower for high versus low viral load HPV16 infections in the glans (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46–0.92)] and shaft (aHR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.16–0.90), and HPV18 infections in the glans (aHR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01–0.17).

Discussion
High versus low HPV viral load was associated with a reduced HPV clearance for HPV16 infections in the glans and shaft, and for HPV18 infections in the glans, among young uncircumcised men. Reduced clearance of high viral load HPV16 and HPV18 infections in men may increase HPV transmission to their female partners as well as enhance the development of penile lesions in comparison to men with low viral load HPV infections.
Effects of Auxins on PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) Dynamics Are Not Mediated by Inhibiting PIN2 Endocytosis
Authors: Jásik Ján , Bokor Boris , Stuchlík Stanislav , Mičieta Karol , Turňa Ján , Schmelzer Elmon 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
By using the photoconvertible fluorescence protein Dendra2 as a tag we demonstrated that neither the naturally occurring auxins indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid, nor the synthetic auxin analogs 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid nor compounds inhibiting polar auxin transport such as 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid, were able to inhibit endocytosis of the putative auxin transporter PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root epidermis cells. All compounds, except Indole-3-butyric acid, repressed the recovery of the PIN2-Dendra2 plasma membrane pool after photoconversion when they were used in high concentrations. The synthetic auxin analogs 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid showed the strongest inhibition. Auxins and auxin transport inhibitors suppressed also the accumulation of both newly synthesized and endocytotic PIN2 pools in Brefeldin A compartments (BFACs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that all compounds are also interfering with BFAC formation. The synthetic auxin analogs caused the highest reduction in the number and size of BFACs. We concluded that auxins and inhibitors of auxin transport do affect PIN2 turnover in the cells, but it is through the synthetic rather than the endocytotic pathway. The study also confirmed inappropriateness of the BFA-based approach to study PIN2 endocytosis because the majority of PIN2 accumulating in BFACs is newly synthesized and not derived from the plasma membrane.
A copper electroplating formula for BVHs and THs filling at one process
Authors: Liu Jia , Chen Jida , Zhang Zhu , Yang Jiali , He Wei , Chen Shijin 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new copper electroplating formula which is able to fill blind microvias (BVHs) and through holes (THs) at one process through a direct current (DC) plating method.

Design/methodology/approach
Test boards of printed circuit board (PCB) fragments with BVHs and THs for filling plating are designed. The filling plating is conducted in a DC plating device, and the filling processes and influence factors on filling effect of BVHs and THs are investigated. Dimple depths, surface copper thickness, thermal shock and thermal cycle test are applied to characterize filling effect and reliability. In addition, to overcome thickness, increase of copper on board surface during filling plating of BVHs and THs, a simple process called pattern plating, is put forwarded; a four-layered PCB with surface copper thickness less than 12 μm is successfully produced.

Findings
The filling plating with the new copper electroplating formula is potential to replace the conventional filling process of BVHs and THs of PCB and, most importantly, the problem of thickness increase of copper on board surface after filling process is overcome if a pattern plating process is applied.

Research limitations/implications
The dimple depth of BVHs and THs after filling plating is not small enough, though it meets the requirements, and the smallest diameter and largest depth of holes studied are 75 and 200 μm, respectively. Hence, the possibility for filling holes of much more small in diameter and large in depth with the plating formula should be further studied.

Originality/value
The paper introduces a new copper electroplating formula which achieves BVHs and THs filling at one process through a DC plating method. It overall reduces production processes and improved reliability of products resulting in production cost saving and production efficiency improvement.
People capability
Authors: Terouhid Seyyed Amin , Ries Robert 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to find out how construction organizations can achieve excellence and enhance excellence through knowledge and workforce management. The combination of knowledge and workforce management, referred to here as the People Capability, is the key area of concern in this study.

Design/methodology/approach
The European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model of organizational excellence is used as the basis for organizational excellence assessment and system dynamics is used as the modeling tool. Scenario analysis is conducted to identify the enabling factors that are more significant for organizational excellence, as well as how these factors operate and interact.

Findings
Based on the outcomes of the model, human resource development and training is the most important enabling factor that enhances organizational capabilities. Both workforce management and knowledge management are key components of People Capability, and they play crucial roles in the performance of construction firms. There is a high degree of dependence on these two components. Human resource development and training affect all capability areas and are key to the effective implementation of capability building programs.

Originality/value
Organizations might have various options in choosing different policies, and those policies can be planned and expressed in different manners and scales. How can an organization determine which scenarios end up producing desired performance results? Simulation techniques, especially system dynamics, have been used to answer these types of questions due to their ability to model causal relationships among various system components. The results of this research can help construction organizations identify effective knowledge and workforce management policies and capability-building programs that improve their organizational capabilities.
Email marketing in the era of the empowered consumer
Authors: Hartemo Mari 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to clarify why, when and how e-mail marketing can be used to empower consumers and to give ideas for future scholarly research.

Design/methodology/approach
Systematic literature review studies 41 e-mail marketing and 54 consumer empowerment articles published in variety of academic journals between 1998 and 2014.

Findings
E-mail allows an active, interactive and personalized communication fulfilling the preferences of an empowered consumer. E-mail marketing can be used to empower consumers by sending e-mails based on permission, by making consumers active participants in the communication process and by making e-mails relevant for the recipients. However, current e-mail marketing strategies need to be updated to get the maximum benefit out of the channel.

Research limitations/implications
The limitation of the study is the broad domain of research, which hampered the in-depth analysis. However, the study was able to synthesize the scattered literature and create an overall picture of the topic as planned.

Practical implications
The paper encourages managers to use empowering e-mail marketing strategies and presents several suggestions for future e-mail marketing research.

Originality/value
The paper uses a new perspective, consumer empowerment as a lens for understanding e-mail marketing. Because e-mail marketing is currently very popular among marketers but is threatened by its negative image among consumers, it is important to understand how e-mail marketing can be developed so that it can also survive in the future.
The impact of mobile marketing initiatives on customers’ attitudes and behavioural outcomes
Authors: Kushwaha Gyaneshwar Singh , Agrawal Shiv Ratan 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine customers’ behavioural outcomes based on the actual attitudinal responses of mobile marketing initiatives.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 764 usable responses was included through a non-probability convenient sampling method. The data used in the study gathered from mobile users of 37 cities from nine states across India. The analysis of moment structures 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 statistical programmes were used for measurement validation and to test the structural model.

Findings
The study indicated that mobile marketing had a more significant effect on customers’ negative attitudes and followed by on positive attitudes. Despite the strong significant effect on customers’ negative attitudes, it does not display more significant effect on negative behavioural outcomes. Finally, the study suggested that customers’ positive attitudes display more favourable behavioural outcomes of mobile marketing initiatives.

Practical implications
The paper would help the mobile marketers and advertisers to understand the impact of mobile marketing initiatives on customers’ attitudes and behavioural outcomes and how it can be managed to ensure the higher level of adoption and acceptance.

Originality/value
The results of the analysis indicated that when the users have favourable attitudes of mobile marketing initiatives, it can be highly effective in triggering of favourable behavioural outcomes.
Doctors as health managers: an oxymoron, or a good idea?
Authors: Loh Erwin 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the current literature and summarises the benefits and limitations of having doctors in health management roles in today’s complex health environment.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews the current literature on this topic.FindingsHospitals have evolved from being professional bureaucracies to being managed professional business with clinical directorates in place that are medically led.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations include the difficulty doctors have balancing clinical duties and management, restricted profession-specific view and the lack of management competencies and/or training.Practical implicationsThe benefits of having doctors in health management include bottom-up leadership, specialised knowledge of the profession, expert knowledge of clinical care, greater political influence, effective change champions to have on-side, frontline leadership and management, improved communication between doctors and senior management, advocacy for patient safety and quality, greater credibility with public and peers and the perception that doctors have more power and influence compared to other health professionals can be leveraged.Originality/valueOverall, there are more benefits than there are limitations to having doctors in health management but there is a need for more management training for doctors.
Learning and development practices in international context: conceptual introspection towards bringing the best work place strategies
Authors: Pradhan Rabindra Kumar , Jena Lalatendu Kesari , Panigrahy Nrusingh Prasad 
Published: August 2016

PurposeIn today’s competitive environment, long-term viability and sustainability of a firm requires a combination of both specialized and knowledge-based resources. Earlier research findings have surfaced the fact that by leveraging knowledge, successful multinational companies in the Western world are able to create a position for capitalizing on market imperfections in the field of human resource development and correspondingly achieving higher returns on their investments. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to examine the approaches of successful multinational enterprises (MNEs) from newer industrialized and developing economies, especially in the perspective of learning and development initiatives.Design/methodology/approachThe focus of this study is to introspect on the causal that influences toward fostering a better human resource development climate in the international context.FindingsThe proposition explores a road map to strategize organizational policies and practices as to how best to serve its expatriate internal customers.Originality/valueThe findings of this study has confirmed the link between cross-cultural training and expatriate adjustment and performance, but still the scope lies in future research to carry out the specific context or conditions influencing the effectiveness of cross-cultural training programs by using quantitative statistical findings of country-wide successful MNE analysis in the learning and development domain and subsequently proposing the benchmarking practices for impersonation by the developing nations.