bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhodium‐catalysed hydroformylation of 1‐octene using aryl and ferrocenyl Schiff base‐derived ligands
Authors: Siangwata Shepherd , Chulu Sisasenkosi , Oliver Clive L. , Smith Gregory S. 
Published: October 2016

Monometallic and heterobimetallic complexes of Rh(I) bearing chelating N,O‐bidentate aryl‐ and ferrocenyl‐derived ligands have been synthesised via Schiff base condensation reactions, and characterised fully using 1H NMR, 13C{1H} NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. The new monometallic and heterobimetallic complexes were evaluated as potential catalyst precursors in the hydroformylation of 1‐octene at 95°C and 40 bar. The ferrocenylimine mononuclear compounds were inactive in the hydroformylation experiments. The Rh(I) monometallic and the ferrocene–Rh(I) heterobimetallic pre‐catalysts displayed good activity and conversion of 1‐octene as well as outstanding chemoselectivity towards aldehydes in the hydroformylation reaction.
Evaluation of outcome after cardiomyotomy for achalasia using the Chicago classification
Authors: Hamer P W , Holloway R H , Heddle R , Devitt P G , Kiroff G , Burgstad C , Thompson S K 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
Achalasia can be subdivided into manometric subtypes according to the Chicago classification. These subtypes are proposed to predict outcome after treatment. This hypothesis was tested using a database of patients who underwent laparoscopic Heller's cardiomyotomy with anterior fundoplication.

Methods
All patients who underwent Heller's cardiomyotomy for achalasia between June 1993 and March 2015 were identified from an institutional database. Manometry tracings were retrieved and re-reported according the Chicago classification. Outcome was assessed by a postal questionnaire, and designated a success if the modified Eckardt score was 3 or less, and the patient had not undergone subsequent surgery or pneumatic dilatation. Difference in outcome after cardiomyotomy was analysed with a mixed-effects logistic regression model.

Results
Sixty, 111 and 24 patients had type I, II and II achalasia respectively. Patients with type III achalasia were more likely to be older than those with type I or II (mean age 63 versus 50 and 49 years respectively; P = 0·001). Some 176 of 195 patients returned questionnaires after surgery. Type III achalasia was less likely to have a successful outcome than type II (odds ratio (OR) 0·38, 95 per cent c.i. 0·15 to 0·94; P = 0·035). There was no significant difference in outcome between types I and II achalasia (II versus I: OR 0·87, 0·47 to 1·60; P 0·663). The success rate at 3-year follow-up was 69 per cent (22 of 32) for type I, 66 per cent (33 of 50) for type II and 31 per cent (4 of 13) for type III.

Conclusion
Type III achalasia is a predictor of poor outcome after cardiomyotomy. There was no difference in outcome between types I and II achalasia.
Development of an Electrochemical Process for the Simultaneous Treatment of Wastewater and the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Higher Value Products
Authors: Sabatino Simona , Galia Alessandro , Saracco Guido , Scialdone Onofrio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMany researchers have shown that selected anodic processes allow effective treatment of a very large amount of wastewater contaminated by pollutants resistant to biological processes. In the meantime, various authors have also shown that carbon dioxide can be converted into higher value products, such as formic acid or synthesis gas, by cathodic reduction at suitable cathodes. These two processes present interesting economic potential that, however, still needs to be improved for further development at an industrial level. Herein, these two kinds of process are combined in the same cell to improve their economic feasibility. In particular, the anodic treatment of wastewater at a boron‐doped diamond anode and the cathodic reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid at a tin cathode are performed simultaneously in a divided cell. Aqueous solutions of Acid Orange 7, which is a widely used azoic dye resistant to conventional biological processes, are used as a model for wastewater. The effect of various operating parameters (including current density, mixing rate, and pH) on both processes is studied. It is possible, under optimized operating conditions, to successfully achieve in a single reactor both the treatment of wastewater contaminated by resistant pollutants and the conversion of carbon dioxide into formic acid. This paired electrolysis process can improve substantially economic figures with respect to each separate process.
Sweet Structural Signatures Unveiled in Ketohexoses
Authors: Bermúdez Celina , Peña Isabel , Mata Santiago , Alonso José L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe conformational behaviour of naturally occurring ketohexoses has been revealed in a supersonic expansion by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy coupled with a laser ablation source. Three, two and one conformers of d‐tagatose, d‐psicose and l‐sorbose, respectively, have been identified by their rotational constants extracted from the analysis of the spectra. Singular structural signatures involving the hydroxyl groups OH(1) and OH(2) have been disentangled from the intricate intramolecular hydrogen bond networks stabilising the most abundant conformers. The present results place the old Shallenberger and Kier sweetness theories on a firmer footing.
Anion Recognition by Aliphatic Helical Oligoureas
Authors: Diemer Vincent , Fischer Lucile , Kauffmann Brice , Guichard Gilles 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Gilles Guichard at the University of Bordeaux. The image depicts the interaction between a 2.5‐helical oligourea foldamer and an anionic guest symbolized as a soccer ball. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201602481.
Effect of silver on gold cyanidation in mixed and segregated sulphidic minerals
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Larachi Faïçal 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGold is mostly found in nature in metallic form and is associated with sulphide minerals and other precious metals, most often silver. Pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and stibnite are the sulphidic minerals investigated in the present gold‐silver cyanidation study by adopting the metal‐sulphide multi‐layer packed‐bed reactor approach. Gold leaching kinetics was enhanced remarkably for the pyrite and chalcopyrite sulphide minerals, with 94.5 % and 85 % recovery respectively. The influence of a bilayer sulphidic mineral system on the dissolution of gold was also investigated with a maximum gold dissolution of 87 % for the pyrite‐chalcopyrite bilayer system. The effect of silver on the dissolution of gold was investigated with the gold associated with sulphidic minerals in an arrangement of mixed as well as segregated mineral layers. Three sets of mineral systems were established: pyrite‐chalcopyrite‐silica, pyrite‐sphalerite‐silica, and pyrite‐stibnite‐silica systems. The addition of silver enhanced the gold dissolution for the pyrite‐sphalerite‐silica system, slightly lessened the gold dissolution with the pyrite‐stibnite‐silica system, and retarded gold dissolution severely in the case of the pyrite‐chalcopyrite‐silica system, irrespective of the dispersion of gold and silver in the same as well as in the segregated mineral layers.
Responsiveness of 8 Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures in a large, community‐based cancer study cohort
Authors: Jensen Roxanne E. , Moinpour Carol M. , Potosky Arnold L. , Lobo Tania , Hahn Elizabeth A. , Hays Ron D. , Cella David , Smith Ashley Wilder , Wu Xiao‐Cheng , Keegan Theresa H. M. , Paddock Lisa E. , Stroup Antoinette M. , Eton David T. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDThe Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was a National Institutes of Health‐funded initiative to develop measures of symptoms and function. Responsiveness is the degree to which a measure can detect underlying changes over time. The objective of the current study was to document the responsiveness of 8 PROMIS measures in a large, population‐based cancer cohort.METHODSThe Measuring Your Health study recruited 2968 patients who were diagnosed with 1 of 7 cancers between 2010 and 2012 through 4 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries. Participants completed a baseline survey (6‐13 months after diagnosis) and a 6‐month follow‐up survey. Changes in 8 PROMIS scores were compared with global ratings of transition, changes in performance status, and clinical events.RESULTSMeasures were responsive to 6‐month declines and improvements in performance status with small to large effect sizes (ES) (Cohen d = 0.34‐0.71; P < .01). Mean changes and effect sizes were larger for participants who reported declines compared with those who reported improvements. Small‐to‐medium ES were observed in patients who reported being “a little” worse (d = 0.31‐0.56), and medium‐to‐large ES were observed in those who reported being “a lot” worse (d = 0.53‐0.72). Hospitalized participants reported significant score increases, resulting in worsening of pain (d = 0.51), fatigue (d = 0.35), and depression (d = 0.57; all P < .01). Cancer recurrence and progression were associated with smaller increases in pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance (d = 0.22‐0.27).CONCLUSIONSThe current results indicated that all 8 PROMIS measures were sensitive to patient‐perceived worsening and improvement and to major clinical events. These findings will be able to inform the design and interpretation of future research studies and clinical initiatives administering PROMIS measures. Cancer 2017;123:327–335. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic impact of pretreatment cytogenetics in adult Philadelphia chromosome–negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the era of minimal residual disease
Authors: Issa Ghayas C. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Yin C. Cameron , Qiao Wei , Ravandi Farhad , Thomas Deborah , Short Nicholas J. , Sasaki Koji , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Kadia Tapan M. , Cortes Jorge E. , Daver Naval , Borthakur Gautam , Jain Nitin , Konopleva Marina , Khouri Issa , Kebriaei Partow , Champlin Richard E. , Pierce Sherry , O’Brien Susan M. , Jabbour Elias 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDThe introduction of novel prognostic factors such as minimal residual disease (MRD) and genomic profiling has led to the reevaluation of the role of cytogenetics and other conventional factors in risk stratification for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).METHODSThis study assessed the impact of baseline cytogenetics on the outcomes of 428 adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome–negative ALL who were receiving frontline chemotherapy. Three hundred thirty patients (77%) were treated with hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone–based regimens, and 98 (23%) were treated with the augmented Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Munster regimen.RESULTSThe median age was 40 years (range, 13‐86 years). One hundred eighty‐six patients (43%) had diploid cytogenetics, 32 (7%) had complex cytogenetics (defined as ≥ 5 chromosomal abnormalities), 27 (6%) had low hypodiploidy/near‐triploidy (Ho‐Tr), 24 (6%) had high hyperdiploidy, and 24 (6%) had a mixed‐lineage leukemia (MLL) rearrangement. Patients with an MLL rearrangement, Ho‐Tr, or a complex karyotype had significantly worse relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) than the diploid group. According to a multivariate analysis including all the baseline characteristics and MRD status, Ho‐Tr and a complex karyotype were independent predictive factors for worse RFS and OS. Furthermore, survival among all cytogenetic groups was similar, regardless of the treatment received.CONCLUSIONSA complex karyotype and Ho‐Tr are adverse prognostic factors for adults with ALL independently of the MRD status. These findings suggest that pretreatment cytogenetics remain a valuable prognostic tool in this population. Cancer 2017;123:459–467. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Cigarette Smoke Extract: A Preclinical Model of Tobacco Dependence
Authors: Gellner Candice A. , Reynaga Daisy D. , Leslie Frances M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAnimal models are used to study many human diseases, one of which is tobacco addiction. Most preclinical models use nicotine alone, although there are >7000 constituents present in tobacco smoke. The clinical literature suggests that cigarettes have a strong addictive potential, which is not paralleled in preclinical studies using nicotine alone. In order to address the gap between clinical and preclinical literature on tobacco dependence, cigarette smoke extracts containing tobacco constituents have been developed. This unit describes a procedure for producing an aqueous cigarette smoke extract (CSE) which animals readily self‐administer. In addition, we describe how to make the apparatus for producing CSE and how to analyze the solution for nicotine content. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Neonatal Ventral Hippocampal Lesion (NVHL) Rodent Model of Schizophrenia
Authors: Brady Anne Marie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAnimal models are crucial to the study of the neurobiological bases of psychiatric disorders, but schizophrenia is a particularly challenging disorder to model given the complexity and heavily verbal nature of its symptoms. This unit describes a developmental surgical rodent model of schizophrenia, the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) model. This widely used model produces reliable behavioral abnormalities that are comparable to those observed in patients, as well as anatomical and neurophysiological disruptions in forebrain areas that are also implicated in schizophrenia. A brief background of the development and validity of the NVHL model is discussed here, along with detailed procedures for producing the model in rats. Critical issues particular to neonatal surgery are discussed, and representative histological and behavioral results are presented. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Change Factors in the Process of Cognitive‐Behavioural Therapy for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Schwartz C. , Hilbert S. , Schubert C. , Schlegl S. , Freyer T. , Löwe B. , Osen B. , Voderholzer U. 
Published: October 2016

While there is a plethora of evidence for the efficacy of cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), studies on change factors of the therapeutic process that account for this success are scarce. In the present study, 155 participants with primary OCD were investigated during CBT inpatient treatment. The Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale‐SR served as a measure of symptom severity. In addition, the following process change factors were measured: therapeutic relationship, experience of self‐esteem during therapy, experience of mastery, problem actualization and clarification. All variables were assessed on a weekly basis for seven weeks. Linear mixed growth curve analyses were conducted to model the decrease of symptoms over time and to analyse whether the change factors predicted symptom reduction. The analyses revealed a linear decrease of symptoms with high inter‐individual variation. Results further showed that increase in self‐esteem and mastery experiences as well as the initial score on mastery experience and clarification predicted decrease on the Y‐BOCS. We conclude that CBT therapists should focus on clarification in the very first sessions, and try to boost self‐esteem and self‐efficacy, which is related to mastery, throughout the treatment of OCD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Increase in mastery and self‐esteem experiences are associated with symptom decrease in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) during cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT).
Initial score of mastery experiences and problem clarification predict symptom decrease in OCD during CBT.
CBT therapists should focus on problem clarification in the very first sessions and try to boost self‐esteem and self‐efficacy throughout the treatment of OCD.
Thawing seasonal ground ice: An important water source for boreal forest plants in Interior Alaska
Authors: Young‐Robertson Jessica M. , Ogle Kiona , Welker Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLittle is known about the ecological impacts of permafrost degradation on water fluxes in boreal ecosystems, such as those in Interior Alaska. Low plant water stress suggests a reliance on a diversity of water sources. In addition to rainfall, we hypothesize that deep soil water derived from thawing seasonal ground ice (TSGI) supports plants during dry periods. We analyzed water stable isotopes from soils, plants, ice, and rain collected from stable and unstable permafrost sites. We found that TSGI provides a background water source for plants during wet years (at least 10–20%) and a stable source during dry years (at least 30–50%) and early in the growing season (60–80% in wet and dry years). Plant water uptake patterns “track” the soil thawing front, using deep and shallow layers in wet years and deep layers during dry years. This plasticity allows boreal plants to cope with seasonal drought and exploit available water sources. The availability of TGSI depends on the amount of rainfall the prior year and on permafrost stability. Thawing permafrost may reduce the buffering capacity of TGSI due to less seasonal ice from greater drainage and/or a deeper active layer. This study demonstrates the importance of two buffering mechanisms for plants to cope with rainfall variability within boreal forest underlain by permafrost—availability of TSGI and plasticity in water uptake patterns. We suggest that plant utilization of stored water may be why evapotranspiration in northern latitudes can exceed growing season precipitation.
Protein and lipid oxidation affect the viscoelasticity of whey protein layers at the oil–water interface
Authors: Berton‐Carabin Claire C. , Schröder Anja , Rovalino‐Cordova Ana , Schroën Karin , Sagis Leonard 
Published: October 2016

Protein and lipid oxidation are prevailing issues that negatively affect the nutritional and sensory quality of food emulsions. It is probable that such oxidative modifications affect the functional properties of proteins, and in particular their ability to form densely packed, interconnected viscoelastic films at the oil–water interface. However, these aspects have hardly been investigated. We induced controlled levels of protein and lipid oxidation using whey protein solution and sunflower oil as substrates, respectively. The adsorption kinetics, surface activity, and dilatational interfacial rheology of whey proteins at the sunflower oil–water interface were investigated using a drop tensiometer. Both protein and lipid oxidation led to a decrease in interfacial elasticity compared to the non‐oxidized samples, though through different pathways: protein oxidation led to a broad range of proteinaceous species, including peptides and aggregates, which did not form an interconnected network. Lipid oxidation induced the formation of surface active compounds, which presumably formed segregated domains at the interface.Practical applications: Oxidative reactions prevent whey proteins to form strong, viscoelastic layers at the oil–water interface. This could, in turn, drastically affect their ability to stabilize food emulsions. These findings suggest that considering the initial oxidative state of ingredients should be an integral part of food emulsion formulation.Protein oxidation leads to the formation of a broad range of proteinasceous material, including peptides and aggregates. Lipid oxidation leads to the formation of surface‐active compounds. Both oxidative reactions decrease the ability of whey proteins to form interconnected, elastic interfacial layers at the oil–water interface.
Fish bioconcentration studies with column-generated analyte concentrations of highly hydrophobic organic chemicals
Authors: Schlechtriem Christian , Böhm Leonard , Bebon Rebecca , Bruckert Hans-Jörg , Düring Rolf-Alexander 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

The performance of aqueous exposure bioconcentration fish tests according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 305 requires the possibility of preparing stable aqueous concentrations of the test substances. For highly hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs; octanol–water partition coefficient [log KOW] &gt; 5), testing via aqueous exposure may become increasingly difficult. A solid-phase desorption dosing system was developed to generate stable concentrations of HOCs without using solubilizing agents. The system was tested with hexachlorobenzene (HCB), o-terphenyl (oTP), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 153, and dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA) (log KOW 5.5–7.8) in 2 flow-through fish tests with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The analysis of the test media applied during the bioconcentration factor (BCF) studies showed that stable analyte concentrations of the 4 HOCs were maintained in the test system over an uptake period of 8 wk. Bioconcentration factors (L kg−1 wet wt) were estimated for HCB (BCF 35 589), oTP (BCF 12 040), and PCB 153 (BCF 18 539) based on total water concentrations. No bioconcentration could be determined for DBA, probably because of the rapid metabolism of the test item. The solid-phase desorption dosing system is suitable to provide stable aqueous concentrations of HOCs required to determine the bioconcentration in fish and represents a viable alternative to the use of solubilizing agents for the preparation of test solutions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:906–916. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Bioaccumulation and trophodynamics of the antidepressants sertraline and fluoxetine in laboratory-constructed, 3-level aquatic food chains
Authors: Boström Marja L. , Ugge Gustaf , Jönsson Jan Åke , Berglund Olof 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Although reports of pharmaceutical bioconcentration in aquatic organisms are increasing, less is known about trophic transfer in aquatic food webs. The bioaccumulation and trophodynamics of sertraline and fluoxetine, 2 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) frequently detected in aquatic environments, were tested by exposing constructed aquatic food chains to SSRIs under controlled laboratory conditions. Both of these ionizable, weak base pharmaceuticals showed lower bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) with increasing trophic level (i.e., no biomagnifications) in 2 3-level food chains (Acer platanoides, fed to Asellus aquaticus, in turn fed to Notonecta glauca or Pungitius pungitius). Mean sertraline BAFs in A. platanoides, A. aquaticus, N. glauca, and P. pungitus were 2200 L/kg, 360 L/kg, 26 L/kg, and 49 L/kg, respectively, and mean fluoxetine BAFs 1300 L/kg, 110 L/kg, 11 L/kg, and 41 L/kg, respectively. The weak influence of diet was further demonstrated by measured BAFs being equal to or lower than measured bioconcentration factors (BCFs). Organism lipid content was not positively correlated with BAFs, suggesting that other processes are driving interspecific differences in SSRI bioaccumulation. The empirically derived parameter values were introduced into a proposed bioaccumulation model, and a poor correlation was found between modeled and empirical BAFs (predicted r2 = –0.63). In conclusion, the apparent lack of biomagnification of these ionizable pharmaceuticals suggests that environmental concern should not necessarily focus only on higher trophic levels, but also on species showing high BCFs at any trophic level. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1029–1037. © 2016 SETAC