bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Diagnostic Accuracy of RECAM in North American Patients With Suspected Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Ciricillo Jacob , Myer Adam , Yeboah-Korang Amoah , Osman Askanda , Rahim Farrah , Goldfarb David G. , Sharma Yeshika , Louissaint Jeremy , Sherman Kenneth E. , Fontana Robert J. 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The Revised Electronic Causality Assessment Method (RECAM) is an updated, electronic version of the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) to diagnose drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The primary aim of this study was to compare RECAM vs RUCAM in patients with suspected DILI.

METHODS:
Patient encounters from October 1, 2015, to September 30, 2019, were searched for suspected DILI using ICD-10 K71 codes for toxic liver disease. DILI Network (DILIN) expert opinion scores were assigned to each case (1/2/3 = probable DILI, 4/5 = non-DILI). RECAM and RUCAM scores were compared with DILIN expert opinion scores.

RESULTS:
Among 766,930 encounters searched, 120 unique patients met inclusion criteria with 72 (60%) adjudicated as probable-DILI. The most frequent suspect drugs were antimicrobials (38.3%), antineoplastics (8.3%), and antirheumatic drugs (8.3%). The mean age was 49.2 + 15.6 years, and 50% were female with 45.8% having hepatocellular injury. RUCAM had better agreement with DILIN expert opinion for probable-DILI vs RECAM (66.7% vs 44.4%, P = 0.018). Both had 100% agreement with DILIN expert opinion for non-DILI. Frequently missing laboratory data included hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA (64.3%) and antihepatitis E virus (HEV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) testing (70%), leading to loss of up to 6 points in RECAM scoring but not affecting RUCAM scores. A modified RECAM that made HCV RNA and anti-HEV IgM optional had better agreement with DILIN expert opinion compared with RUCAM (79.2% vs 66.7%, P = 0.09).

DISCUSSION:
Among 120 suspected DILI cases, RUCAM had better agreement with DILIN expert opinion scores vs RECAM. Making HCV RNA and anti-HEV IgM testing optional significantly improved agreement between RECAM and DILIN expert opinion. Future modifications to RECAM are needed to improve causality assessment in North American patients with suspected DILI.
Große Transformation für eine Nachhaltige Raumentwicklung als Herausforderung für die raumbezogene Hochschullehre
Authors: Wagner Madeleine , Knieling Jörg , Weiland Ulrike 
Published: October 2024

Climatic and ecological changes across the globe represent a challenge for humanity that can only be solved through a great transformation, that is, a widespread shift toward sustainable spatial development. This means addressing transformation needs in all systems to recognize that civil society, economies and politics are all predetermined by planetary boundaries. This transformation demands that the fields of applied spatial science and spatial planning identify strategies and solutions. This paper examines the extent to which these topics are already being addressed by the university-level spatial studies programs currently training future planners. It develops and examines criteria for evaluating these programs using guideline-based interviews and literature research to perform detailed analysis of selected programs. The study demonstrates that not only specialist knowledge, but also personal and methodological skills are crucial to the success for far-reaching change processes and, ultimately, a society-wide paradigm shift. In some cases, these skills are already being addressed by individual spatial studies programs, especially planning programs. However, there remains a need to accelerate the cultivation of independent learning skills and collaboration in inter- and transdisciplinary teams. Accordingly, this paper proposes a differentiated view of teaching and learning formats in higher education and encourages deepening the focus of spatial studies programs on sustainability and transformation issues.
Die „fünfte Suburbanisierung“ – Perspektiven suburbaner Raumentwicklung in den 2020er-Jahren
Authors: Siedentop Stefan 
Published: October 2024

Germany is currently experiencing a renewed rise of suburbanisation and an associated increase in urban expansion in the peripheries of large cities. How this development—referred to below as the “fifth suburbanisation” in the history of this country—can be characterized in the light of earlier phases of intraregional deconcentration is the topic of this paper. The four historical reference phases are not to be understood as clearly distinguishable and successive developments. Their conceptualization is less temporal than structural-material, socio-spatial, institutional, cultural, economic and political-discursive. The focus is on characteristics of built environments typical of each phase, specific social and economic drivers, dominant housing and planning policies, socio-cultural meanings and values as well as social embedding and negotiation processes. Suburban development of the 2020s will take place in a socio-economically and institutionally changed process field, even though there is still little empirical evidence in this regard. Accordingly, this paper also aims to call for a discussion on new research desiderata and realistic policy designs for suburban spatial development in the 2020s. A historical contextualization of the current development and planning processes is considered essential.
Pemanfaatan Limbah High Density Polyetylene (HDPE) Geomembrane Sebagai Campuran Beton Normal
Authors: Hendrayana Agus , Susanti Riza , Fauziyah Shifa 
Published: October 2024

High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is a thermoplastic polymer material processed by the heating process of petroleum. One processed product is geomembrane sheets, commonly used to construct ponds in geothermal areas. This Final Project researched High-Density Polyethylene geomembrane waste as an additional material mixed into ordinary or everyday concrete mixtures with fc' = 25 MPa quality. The added waste material from the geomembrane (HDPE) is 0.5 x 0.5 cm and has been cut or chopped with a particular machine. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) content is included in the mixture in regular concrete with a volume composition of 0.00%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%. The method for calculating the composition of the concrete mixture uses the American Concrete Institute (ACI) standard. The results showed that the most optimum value for obtaining the compressive strength of concrete fc' 25 MPa with the highest value of split tensile strength (3.54 MPa) was a mixture with 0.50% chopped geomembrane (HDPE). Based on these results, waste in geothermal areas is expected to be reduced by using concrete and a mixture of chopped geomembrane (HDPE).
Thirty Years of Change in the UK and in Europe After 1989: A Personal Perspective
Authors: Matheson Ann 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The political events of 1989 had reverberations throughout Europe and beyond. For research libraries, new horizons for researchers and new forms of co-operation opened up, enabled by technology, assisted by the European Commission and its programmes, and made possible above all through fresh human contacts between East and West in the “new Europe”, with all the optimism and energies they brought. This article deals with the wider context of events in the UK in the period leading up to 1989 and afterwards, and personal reminiscences of this propitious period in history.
A critical analysis of the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in enhancing nuclear waste management
Authors: Chenniappan Thiagarajan , Devarajan Yuvarajan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Controlling and managing nuclear waste is a significant challenge due to the harmful effects of radioactive materials on human health. To address this, long-term storage solutions are essential. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are being utilized to make nuclear waste management safer, more effective, and efficient. This paper evaluates various applications of AI and ML in the field of nuclear waste, covering aspects such as predictive maintenance, waste sorting, and classification. AI and ML enhance real-time monitoring of storage conditions and optimize waste handling procedures through advanced data processing capabilities. Implementing cutting-edge solutions is crucial to protect public health and the environment from radioactive waste. The purpose of this evaluation is to examine how AI and ML improve nuclear waste management processes. These technologies can reduce human exposure to harmful materials and increase the safety and efficiency of managing nuclear waste through advanced predictive capabilities. The introduction of AI and ML in nuclear waste management is driving significant changes and innovations, addressing current issues, and establishing new guidelines for future policies.
Study on bending performance of prefabricated glulam-cross laminated timber composite floor
Authors: Du Hao , Chen Gang , Fu Weijie , Hu Xiamin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The glulam-cross laminated timber (CLT) composite floor is a type of prefabricated composite floor that integrates glulam beams and CLT slab into a unified structure using shear connectors. To investigate the bending performance of the glulam-CLT composite floor, the bending test was conducted on a full-scale composite floor under static load. The study comprehensively analyzed the failure mechanism, load–deflection behavior, interface slip and strain distribution of the glulam-CLT composite floor. The test results of the composite floor indicated that the failure mode was tensile fracture of the wood beam at the bottom. As the load increased, the deflection deformation of the mid-span beam exceeded that of the edge beam. When the load reached its ultimate limit, the deflection deformation of the mid-span beam increased by 14.4% compared to the edge beam. In the early loading phase, the strain distribution of the composite section satisfied the assumption of a plane section. However, the strain distribution deviated from this assumption with the increased load due to the relative slips between the glulam beam and CLT flange. To calculate the bending performance of the composite floor, the M-shaped section of the glulam-CLT composite floor was simplified as T-section composite beams. The linear-elastic method for determining the flexural rigidity and ultimate bearing capacity of the glulam-CLT composite floors was proved to be accurate and reliable. The findings provided valuable insights into the bending behavior of the CLT flange under load and emphasized the non-uniform stress distribution caused by shear lag effects.
A case study of Eco’s notion of encyclopedia: the (ethno)racial lexicon and its semantic sphere
Authors: Orrù Alice 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the wave of Umberto Eco’s oppositional binomial Dictionary-Encyclopedia, the paper aims to apply the rhizomatic system to the practical case of the (ethno)racial lexicon as a broad semantic area of the word race, which previously involved both physical predisposition and cultural habits. Given its critical issues, the dictionarial approach is distinguished into two different stages, intra-dictionarial (properly dictionarial) and inter-dictionarial (resulting from the metaphorical chain of meanings). Originally, race referred to horses (stud and herds) and property (as ownership and essential attribute), which extended metonymically to other senses – general zoological-botanic, human (lineage, offspring) and typological qualitative ones. Comparing its correspondents in Romance and Germanic languages, reference to many different contexts and a continuous misalignment between lexeme and concept emerge. The liquidity within the semantic sphere of race (embracing the three semantic cores racial, ethnic, and typological) can be explained by taking a phenomenological and semiotic perspective. If the ethnic sense (people, nation, etc.) is connected to a socio-cultural Lifeworld in an interplay of identities and differences, the aporia of synonymy emerging from the inter-dictionarial analysis finds its balance in the local encyclopedic approach, which proves to be the real deterrent to Porphyry’s tree through the rhizome, conceived not in its entirety, but in the partiality and contingency of its branches.
Overtourism perception among residents in a rural proximity destination during the COVID-19-pandemic – The writing on the wall for a sustainability transition of tourism?
Authors: Steber Felicitas , Mayer Marius 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This contribution investigates overtourism perceptions among residents in a rural German destination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a qualitative approach, it examines the impact of these perceptions on residents’ quality of life and subjective well-being in the Allgäu. As international travel declined due to pandemic-induced travel restrictions, domestic tourism surged, potentially foreshadowing effects of a net-zero transformation in global tourism on rural proximity destinations. Semi-structured interviews with 12 residents reveal that most respondents perceived tourism levels as excessive, negatively impacting their subjective well-being. Changed spatio-temporal visitor behavior patterns, with tourists venturing into previously less frequented areas, often felt intrusive to locals. This shift in tourism dynamics from urban hotspots to rural destinations challenges the notion that overtourism disappeared during the pandemic. Notably, the contribution introduces subjective well-being as a reliable indicator for overtourism and explores a novel notion of overtourism resulting from the interrelationship between perception, subjective well-being, and attitudes. The findings suggest that increased proximity tourism, while reducing carbon footprints, may lead to perceived overtourism and declining tourism acceptance in substitute destinations. The study underscores the necessity for participatory destination management approaches that balance sustainability goals with resident well-being to facilitate a broader sustainability transition in tourism.
Особливості ведення дипломатичних переговорів
Authors: Федорова Ганна 
Published: October 2024

Актуальність. Дослідження особливостей ведення дипломатичних переговорів є актуальним із огляду на необхідність врахування національної специфіки та вивчення історичних наслідків попередніх дипломатичних переговорів або окремих раундів, щоб ретельно підготуватися до їх проведення та досягти бажаного результату. Договірна група не може повністю контролювати процес переговорів, але здатна максимально використовувати можливості для успіху. Дипломатичні переговори сприяють встановленню та підтримці найкращих дипломатичних відносин між країнами. Ведення дипломатичних переговорів ґрунтується на понятті співпраці: бажанні зберегти стосунки, враховуючи інтереси власної країни.
Метою дослідження є визначення особливостей ведення дипломатичних переговорів. У дослідженні застосовано наступні методи дослідження: формально-логічний, структурно-функціональний, контекстний аналіз, логічний та інші, які дозволили комплексно та всебічно дослідити проблемні питання досліджуваної теми.
У процесі дослідження отримано такі результати: визначено специфіку проведення дипломатичних переговорів; визначено особливості ведення дипломатичних переговорів щодо досягнення миру; визначено вплив соціальних меді на ведення дипломатичних переговорів.
У ході дослідження зроблені наступні висновки: Дипломатичні переговори відіграють важливу роль у вирішення питань та врегулюванні конфліктів. Дипломатичні переговори як процес мають 3 послідовні фази: фаза зобов'язань; фаза змісту; фаза узгодження. Важливу роль у зміцненні легітимності та універсалізації остаточного інструменту відіграє спосіб завершення укладення досягнутих угод.
Дипломатичні переговори для досягнення миру мають власну специфіку, породжену наявністю конфлікту та агресивного характеру сторін. Виділено три етапи встановлення мирного процесу: попередні переговори або попередній діалог, посередництво та безпосередні переговори. У результаті таких переговорів досягається часткове чи повне, ідеальне чи недосконале врегулювання. Певні переговори також можуть закінчитися невдачею.
Наразі сучасний рівень діджиталізації передбачає залучення соціальних медіа у переговорних процесах.
Biochemical perturbations associated with Salmonella gallinarum infection in laying hens: Is oxidative stress implicated?
Authors: Okafor Simeon C. , Ihedioha John I. , Ezema Wilfred S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate some biochemical and tissue changes associated with Salmonella gallinarum infection in laying hens (LHs), and the complicities of oxidative stress (OS). Fifty LHs were assigned to two groups of 25 LHs infected with S. gallinarum (109 cfu*mL−1 of S. gallinarum) and 25 uninfected controls. Biochemical assays and histopathology were carried out following standard procedures. There was a significant loss of body weight, drop in egg production, as well as 28% mortality in the infected group. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as serum total protein, globulin, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher, whereas serum albumin levels were significantly lower in infected LHs. There were inflammatory, degenerative and necrotic changes observed in the affected organs. Considering the significant elevation in MDA levels coupled with elevated SOD activity in the infected LHs, OS may play a significant role in the pathology of fowl typhoid and may suggest a possible treatment of infected layers with antioxidants.
On the Demotic word “ftft” in Bodl. MS. Egypt. a 3(P), 8, 4
Authors: Bojowald Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this contribution, a new attempt is made to clarify the meaning of the Demotic word “ftft” in Bodl. MS. Egypt. a 3(P), 8, 4. The best solution can be obtained from the meaning ‘to sprout up’. The explanation can be supported by an equally late parallel. The subject of the action is the growth of branches or blossoms of trees, which can be understood as a symbol of fertility. The motive appears in an Osirian context.
Literary allusions serving as tools for comic effect in the works of Tertullian
Authors: Grüll Tibor 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe overwhelming majority of early Christian authors considered humour and laughter inappropriate. A significant exception to this is Tertullian, who ‒ as a trained orator ‒ was well aware of the importance of verbal humour, particularly as manifested in his apologetic works. In his disputes with heretics and pagans Tertullian practically destroyed his opponents with the weapons of irony, sarcasm, and mockery. However, in this article, we only examine the role of literary allusions in Tertullian's humour. Both Cicero and Quintilian approved of the use of quotations from classical authors for the sake of humorous effect. To our greatest surprise, Tertullian went so far even as to quote from the low-down comedy writers (mimographoi) to achieve this effect. He did all this despite the fact that ‒ as a Christian moralist ‒ he deeply despised and condemned these lowly theatre plays.
Four Theses on the Real and Imaginary British Empire, 1697–1829
Authors: Sherman Alexander 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe entanglement of colonial power's cultural and material manifestations has been an important topic in anticolonial thinking. I tentatively term this the problem of relating the imperial imaginary and imperial reality. This essay focuses on the imaginary and real geographies of the eighteenth-century British maritime empire, using digital methods (custom named entity recognition and mapping) to compare place-names mentioned in maritime fiction and nonfiction with the movements of British ships. In Edward Said's terms, structures of reference are used to see the structures of attitude underpinning the material power of an increasingly global empire. I present four theses on the convergences and divergences between the imaginary empire of texts and real empire of ships: on the centrality of England in both, a shared colonial geography of fungibility, the imaginary's erasure of environmental and bodily restraints, and the imaginary empire's anticipation of, and even preparation for, real imperial domination.
Unfairing the Fair: Sexuality and the Affective Epistemology of Race in Shakespeare's Sonnets
Authors: DiGangi Mario 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhereas previous criticism of Shakespeare's Sonnets has shown how the early sonnets associate the fairness of an elite young man with the dynastic legitimacy and aesthetic refinement that would come to signify the superiority of racial whiteness, this essay considers certain later sonnets that compromise and threaten to revoke whiteness as a mark of racial privilege. Darkening the friend's complexion, these poems—numbers 27–28, 33–35, 43, 58, 93, and 119–20—materialize him as a nocturnal shadow; stain his lovely face with black clouds, smoke, mud, wrinkles, and ink; and associate his sexual estrangement from the speaker with the torments of blackest hell. By darkening the promiscuous aristocratic friend, these later sonnets suggest that racial fairness is not simply an ontological fact—a stable epidermal sign of aristocratic lineage—but a fluctuating sign contingent on interpersonal value judgments, or an “affective epistemology.”
A closer look at the link between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease
Authors: Sharma Ena , Thind Simran , Goyal Radhika , Krishna Sreejith , Sangha Ruhee , Sood Ridhima , Kaur Maninder 
Published: October 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal diseases (PD) are chronic inflammatory conditions that share a complex and bidirectional relationship. Both conditions exhibit common pathogenic mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, immune system dysregulation, and tissue destruction, suggesting a potential close association. This abstract aims to highlight the emerging evidence on the correlation between RA and PD, focusing on their shared risk factors, underlying biological pathways, and the implications for patient management.Studies have shown that individuals with RA are more likely to suffer from periodontal diseases, particularly periodontitis, which is characterized by the progressive destruction of the supporting structures of teeth. The presence of periodontal pathogens, notably Porphyromonas gingivalis, has been implicated in the citrullination of proteins—a key process in the development of RA autoantibodies, specifically anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). These antibodies play a central role in RA pathogenesis, indicating a potential triggering link between periodontal infection and RA onset.Furthermore, systemic inflammation present in RA exacerbates periodontal inflammation and vice versa, creating a vicious cycle. The shared inflammatory mediators, including cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, further reinforce the connection between the two conditions. Management of PD has shown to improve clinical outcomes in RA patients, suggesting that periodontal health may influence RA disease activity.The close association between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal diseases highlights the need for an integrated approach to diagnosis and treatment. Recognizing and managing periodontal disease in RA patients may reduce systemic inflammation and improve overall disease outcomes. Future research should focus on exploring the molecular links between RA and PD, as well as the potential benefits of combined therapeutic interventions.