bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipogenic Enzymes Complexes and Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplet Formation During Adipogenesis
Authors: Padilla‐Benavides Teresita , Velez‐delValle Cristina , Marsch‐Moreno Meytha , Castro‐Muñozledo Federico , Kuri‐Harcuch Walid 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTLipid droplets are dynamic organelles that store triglycerides and participate in their mobilization in adipose cells. These organelles require the reorganization of some structural components, the cytoskeleton, and the activation of lipogenic enzymes. Using confocal microscopy, we analyzed the participation of cytoskeletal components and two lipogenic enzymes, fatty acid synthase and glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, during lipid droplet biogenesis in differentiating 3T3‐F442A cells into adipocytes. We show that subcortical actin microfilaments are extended at the basal side of the cells in parallel arrangement to the culture dish substrate, and that the microtubule network traverses the cytoplasm as a scaffold that supports the round shape of the mature adipocyte. By immunoprecipitation, we show that vimentin and perilipin1a associate during the early stages of the differentiation process for lipid droplet formation. We also report that the antibody against perilipin1 detected a band that might correspond to a modified form of the molecule. Finally, the cytosolic distribution and punctate organization of lipogenic enzymes and their co‐localization in the proximity of lipid droplets suggest the existence of dynamic protein complexes involved in synthesis and storage of triglycerides. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2315–2326, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biofilm formation increases treatment failure in Staphylococcus epidermidis device‐related osteomyelitis of the lower extremity in human patients
Authors: Morgenstern Mario , Post Virginia , Erichsen Christoph , Hungerer Sven , Bühren Volker , Militz Matthias , Richards R. Geoff , Moriarty T. Fintan 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe ability to form biofilm on the surface of implanted devices is often considered the most critical virulence factor possessed by Staphylococcus epidermidis in its role as an opportunistic pathogen in orthopaedic device‐related infection (ODRI). Despite this recognition, there is a lack of clinical evidence linking outcome with biofilm forming ability for S. epidermidis ODRIs. We prospectively collected S. epidermidis isolates cultured from patients presenting with ODRI. Antibiotic resistance patterns and biofilm‐forming ability was assessed. Patient information was collected and treatment outcome measures were determined after a mean follow‐up period of 26 months. The primary outcome measure was cure at follow‐up. Univariate logistic regression models were used to determine the influence of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance on treatment outcome. A total of 124 patients were included in the study, a majority of whom (n = 90) involved infections of the lower extremity. A clear trend emerged in the lower extremity cohort whereby cure rates decreased as the biofilm‐forming ability of the isolates increased (84% cure rate for infections caused by non‐biofilm formers, 76% cure rate for weak biofilm‐formers, and 60% cure rate for the most marked biofilm formers, p = 0.076). Antibiotic resistance did not influence treatment cure rate. Chronic immunosuppression was associated with a statistically significant decrease in cure rate (p = 0.044). Clinical significance: The trend of increasing biofilm‐forming ability resulting in lower cure rates for S. epidermidis ODRI indicates biofilm‐forming ability of infecting pathogens does influence treatment outcome of infections of the lower extremity. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1905–1913, 2016.
Are the interarytenoid muscles supplied by branches of both the recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves?
Authors: Pascual‐Font Arán , Cubillos Luis , Vázquez Teresa , McHanwell Steve , Sañudo José R. , Maranillo Eva 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisIt has been generally accepted that the branches of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve to the interarytenoid muscle are exclusively sensory. However, some experimental studies have suggested that these branches may contain motor axons, and therefore that the interarytenoid muscle is supplied by both the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves. The aim of this work was to determine whether motor axons to the interarytenoid muscles are present in both laryngeal nerves.Study DesignBasic research.MethodsTwelve human internal branches of the superior laryngeal nerve were dissected, and its branches to the interarytenoid muscle were removed and processed for choline‐acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry, a method not used previously in studying the nerve fiber composition of the laryngeal nerves.ResultsThe internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve divided into two to five branches to the interarytenoid muscle. All branches contained motor axons, with the proportion of motor axons varying from 6% to 31%.ConclusionThe present study confirms that the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve provides a motor innervation to the interarytenoid muscles.Level of EvidenceN/A.Laryngoscope, 126:1117–1122, 2016
Impact of adenotonsillectomy on nocturnal enuresis in children with sleep‐disordered breathing: A prospective study
Authors: Park Sungchan , Lee Jung Min , Sim Chang Sun , Kim Jae Gi , Nam Jung Gwon , Lee Tae‐Hoon , Han Myung Woul , Kwon Joong Keun , Lee Jong Cheol 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the relationship between sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children and to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy on resolving enuresis in indicated SDB patients with NE.MethodsWe prospectively collected data from 183 children (121 males, mean age 8.17 ± 2.84 years) who underwent adenotonsillectomy to treat SDB between July 2011 and July 2013, and analyzed the prevalence of NE. Before and 3 months after surgery, all parents were requested to answer a self‐reported SDB scale questionnaire (22 questions, 0–22 points) and a NE questionnaire (episodes of enuresis per month). Paired t test, Student t test, and Chi‐square test were used to analyze the data.ResultsOverall prevalence of NE was 9.3% (17 patients) preoperatively and 1.5% postoperatively (four patients). After adenotonsillectomy, prevalence of NE and the mean SDB scale were significantly decreased (both P values < 0.001). After adenotonsillectomy, 13 of the 17 NE patients (76.5%) showed complete resolution. There was significantly higher prevalence of NE in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) than those without OSA (13.1%, 14 of 107 vs. 3.9%, 3 of 76; P = 0.036).ConclusionThere is strong association between NE and SDB, and adenotonsillectomy can markedly improve enuresis in the majority of children with NE and SDB.Levels of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1241–1245, 2016
Cost analysis and outcomes of a second‐look tympanoplasty‐mastoidectomy strategy for cholesteatoma
Authors: Crowson Matthew G. , Ramprasad Vaibhav H. , Chapurin Nikita , Cunningham Calhoun D. , Kaylie David M. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo analyze cost and compare cholesteatoma recidivism and hearing outcomes with single‐stage and second‐look operative strategies.Study DesignRetrospective review and cost analysis.MethodsAdult and pediatric patients who underwent a tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma with a single‐stage or second‐look operative strategy were identified. Variables included procedure approach, residual or recurrent cholesteatoma, ossicular chain reconstruction frequency, and operative complications. Audiologic outcomes included pre‐/postoperative air bone gap (ABG) and word recognition score (WRS). Cost analysis included charges for consultation and follow‐up visits, surgical procedures, computed tomography temporal bone scans, and audiology visits.ResultsOne hundred and six patients had a tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma, with 80 canal wall‐up procedures (CWU) as initial approach. Of these, 46 (57.5%) CWU patients had a planned second look. Two (4.3%) CWU patients had recurrent cholesteatoma and 20 (43.4%) had residual identified at second look. Four (11.7%) single‐stage CWU strategy patients developed recurrent cholesteatoma. There was no significant difference in pre‐/postoperative ABG and WRS between second look and single stage (P > 0.05). Compared to second‐look patients, single‐stage patients had significantly fewer postoperative visits (6.32 vs. 10.4; P = 0.007), and significantly lower overall charges for care ($23,529. vs. $41.411; P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe goal of cholesteatoma surgery is to produce a safe ear, and a second‐look strategy after CWU has historically been used to evaluate for recurrent or residual disease. The cholesteatoma recurrence rate at a second look after a CWU tympanoplasty‐mastoidectomy is low. Costs of operative procedures are a significant proportion of healthcare resource expenditures. Considering the low rate of cholesteatoma recurrence and relatively high cost of care, implementation of a second‐look strategy should be individually tailored and not universally performed.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:2574–2579, 2016
Quantifying emissions of methane derived from anaerobic organic matter respiration and natural gas extraction in Lake Erie
Authors: Townsend‐Small Amy , Disbennett Doug , Fernandez Julianne M. , Ransohoff Rebecca W. , Mackay Ross , Bourbonniere Rick A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDespite a growing awareness of the importance of inland waters in regional and global carbon (C) cycles, particularly as sources of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), very little is known about C sources and fluxes in the Laurentian Great Lakes, Earth's largest surface freshwater system. Here, we present a study of CH4 dynamics in Lake Erie, which has large spring algae blooms linked to fertilizer runoff and followed by hypoxia, as well as an extensive network of natural gas wells and pipelines in Canadian waters. Lake Erie is a positive source of CH4 to the atmosphere in late summer, even in shallow regions without water column hypoxia. Stable isotopic measurements indicate that both biogenic and thermogenic CH4 contribute to emissions from Lake Erie. We estimate that Lake Erie emits 1.3 ± 0.6 × 105 kg CH4‐C d−1 in late summer, with approximately 30% of CH4 derived from natural gas infrastructure. Additional work is needed to determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of CH4 emissions from Lake Erie and to confirm estimates of source contribution. Studies of the C cycle in large lakes are not as straightforward as those in smaller lakes, as, in addition to O2 availability, subsurface currents and high winds may exert significant control over dissolved CH4 patterns. If climate warming and increasing precipitation intensity lead to increased algal biomass and/or greater extent and duration of hypoxia, this may increase emissions of CH4 from Lake Erie in a positive feedback to climate change.
Geometric metasurface fork gratings for vortex‐beam generation and manipulation
Authors: Chen Shumei , Cai Yuan , Li Guixin , Zhang Shuang , Cheah Kok Wai 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn recent years, optical vortex beams possessing orbital angular momentum have received much attention due to their potential for high‐capacity optical communications. This capability arises from the unbounded topological charges of orbital angular momentum (OAM) that provide infinite freedoms for encoding information. The two most common approaches for generating vortex beams are through fork diffraction gratings and spiral phase plates. While realization of conventional spiral phase plate requires complicated 3D fabrication, the emerging field of metasurfaces has provided a planar and facile solution for generating vortex beams of arbitrary orbit angular momentum. Among various types of metasurfaces, the geometric phase metasurface has shown great potential for robust control of light‐ and spin‐controlled wave propagation. Here, we realize a novel type of geometric metasurface fork grating that seamlessly combine the functionality of a metasurface phase plate for vortex‐beam generation, and that of a linear phase gradient metasurface for controlling the wave‐propagation direction. The metasurface fork grating is therefore capable of simultaneously controlling both the spin and the orbital angular momentum of light.
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Quantification of spatial spread in track‐based applications
Authors: Cheung Jacob C. H. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTTraditionally, spaghetti charts and track ellipses are used in track‐based meteorological applications to illustrate the spatial uncertainty of a set of paths on a map. However, the spatial spread of the set is often evaluated by the eye, and as a result, the decisions made can be highly subjective. A unit‐less metric based on the Fréchet distance is developed and proposed as a consistent way of quantifying spatial uncertainty in track‐based applications. The methodology described is generic and can be configured for use in applications where a measure of the spatial similarity among a set of tracks is required, such as tropical storm track forecasts and flight/ship routing.
Development of Hierarchical Polymer@Pd Nanowire‐Network: Synthesis and Application as Highly Active Recyclable Catalyst and Printable Conductive Ink
Authors: Mir Sajjad Husain , Ochiai Bungo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA facile one‐pot approach for preparing hierarchical nanowire‐networks of hollow polymer@Pd nanospheres is reported. First, polymer@Pd hollow nanospheres were produced through metal‐complexation‐induced phase separation with functionalized graft copolymers and subsequent self‐assembly of PdNPs. The nanospheres hierarchically assembled into the nanowire‐network upon drying. The Pd nanowire‐network served as an active catalyst for Mizoroki–Heck and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions. As low as 500 μmol % Pd was sufficient for quantitative reactions, and the origin of the high activity is ascribed to the highly active sites originating from high‐index facets, kinks, and coalesced structures. The catalyst can be recycled via simple filtration and washing, maintaining its high activity owing to the micrometer‐sized hierarchical structure of the nanomaterial. The polymer@Pd nanosphere also served as a printable conductive ink for a translucent grid pattern with excellent horizontal conductivity (7.5×105 S m−1).
A Randomized Noninferiority Trial of Intravenous Iron Isomaltoside versus Oral Iron Sulfate in Patients with Nonmyeloid Malignancies and Anemia Receiving Chemotherapy: The PROFOUND Trial
Authors: Birgegård Gunnar , Henry David , Glaspy John , Chopra Rakesh , Thomsen Lars L. , Auerbach Michael 
Published: March 2016

Study ObjectiveA safe alternative to erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents to treat anemia is warranted in patients with cancer and anemia; thus the objective of this trial was to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) iron isomaltoside with oral iron in patients with cancer and anemia by testing the noninferiority of IV versus oral iron.DesignPhase III, prospective, open‐label, comparative, randomized, noninferiority, multicenter trial.SettingForty‐seven hospitals or private cancer clinics in Asia, the United States, and Europe.PatientsA total of 350 patients with cancer and anemia.InterventionPatients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either intravenous iron isomaltoside or oral iron sulfate. Patients in the iron isomaltoside group were then randomized into an infusion subgroup (single intravenous infusions of a maximum dose of 1000 mg over 15 min) or a bolus injection subgroup (bolus injections of 500 mg over 2 min).Measurements and Main ResultsThe primary efficacy outcome was change in hemoglobin concentration from baseline to week 4. Changes in other relevant hematology variables, effect on quality of life, and safety outcomes were also assessed. The primary efficacy outcome was tested for noninferiority, whereas the remaining outcomes were tested for superiority. Iron isomaltoside was noninferior to oral iron in change in hemoglobin concentration from baseline to week 4 (difference estimate 0.016, 95% confidence interval –0.26 to 0.29, p<0.001). A faster onset of the hemoglobin response was observed with infusion of iron isomaltoside (superiority test: p=0.03 at week 1), and a sustained effect on hemoglobin level was shown in both the iron isomaltoside and oral iron treatment groups until week 24. A significant mean decrease in fatigue score was observed from baseline to week 12 in the iron isomaltoside group (p<0.001) but not in the oral iron group (p=0.057). A higher proportion of patients treated with oral iron experienced adverse drug reactions (18.8% vs 6.6%, p<0.001) and discontinued the trial due to intolerance (8.0% vs 0.9%, p=0.001). Transient hypophosphatemia (phosphate level less than 2 mg/dl) was reported at similar low frequencies among the groups: 7.1% in the iron isomaltoside infusion subgroup versus 8.5% in the iron isomaltoside bolus injection subgroup versus 5.4% in the oral iron group.ConclusionThis trial demonstrated comparable sustained increases in hemoglobin concentration over time with both iron isomaltoside and oral iron. Iron isomaltoside was better tolerated than oral iron, and fatigue was significantly decreased with iron isomaltoside. Low rates of clinically insignificant hypophosphatemia were reported in patients receiving both treatments.
Paths to future growth in photovoltaics manufacturing
Authors: Basore Paul A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe past decade has seen rapid growth in the photovoltaics industry, followed in the past few years by a period of much slower growth. A simple model that is consistent with this historical record can be used to predict the future evolution of the industry. Two key parameters are identified that determine the outcome. One is the annual global investment in manufacturing capacity normalized to the manufacturing capacity for the previous year (capacity‐normalized capital investment rate, CapIR, units $/W). The other is how much capital investment is required for each watt of annual manufacturing capacity, normalized to the service life of the assets (capacity‐normalized capital demand rate, CapDR, units $/W). If these two parameters remain unchanged from the values they have held for the past few years, global manufacturing capacity will peak in the next few years and then decline. However, it only takes a modest improvement in CapIR to ensure future growth in photovoltaics. Several approaches are presented that can enable the required improvement in CapIR. If, in addition, there is an accompanying improvement in CapDR, the rate of growth can be substantially accelerated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geistertöne
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNicht alle Töne, die wir wahrnehmen, gelangen von außen an unser Ohr. Der Gehörsinn ist ein komplexes und aktives System, das auch Information in Form von Tönen generiert. Zum Beispiel fügt es zu einem Obertonspektrum einen nicht vorhandenen Grundton hinzu. Diese Grundtonerkennung wird bei der Frequenzkomprimierung zum Beispiel von Telefongesprächen genutzt. Der geisterhafte Tartini‐Ton entsteht im Gehör als Differenz von zwei realen Tönen. Wenig angenehm ist dagegen der Tinnitus als dritte Klasse von Geistertönen.
Lemon Curd: Aufstrich mit Physik
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie englische Zitronencreme Lemon Curd erfreut sich wegen ihres mild‐säuerlichen Geschmacks und der cremigen Konsistenz großer Beliebtheit. Die Physik dieses Multikomponentensystems verbindet unvernetzte, transiente Gele mit Mikroemulsionen.
Ordnung muss sein: selbstorganisierte Nanostrukturen in drei Schritten
Authors: Erb Denise , Schlage Kai , Röhlsberger Ralf 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNanostrukturierte Materialien sind aus Forschung und Technik nicht mehr wegzudenken. Mit einem neuartigen Selbstorganisationsverfahren können auch sehr große Oberflächen effizient mit verschiedenen regelmäßigen Nanostrukturmustern bedeckt werden. Das eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten, die größen‐ und formabhängigen Eigenschaften von Nanostrukturen während ihres Wachstums zu untersuchen und gezielt einzustellen.
Unentscheidbare Probleme in der Vielteilchen‐Quantenphysik
Authors: Wolf Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn der Mathematik, Physik und theoretischen Informatik gab es um das Jahr 1930 herum fundamentale Veränderungen. In der Physik wurde die Quantentheorie etabliert, die Mathematik verabschiedete sich mit Kurt Gödels Unvollständigkeitssätzen von der Vorstellung eines vollständigen und beweisbar widerspruchsfreien axiomatischen Fundaments, und Alan Turing legte mit dem Konzept der Turing‐Maschine den Grundstein der modernen theoretischen Informatik. Turing und Gödel zeigten beide die Existenz von unentscheidbaren Problemen. Im Fall von Gödel unentscheidbare Aussagen, die unabhängig vom Axiomensystem sind, und im Fall von Turing unentscheidbare Prädikate, für deren Auswertung kein Algorithmus existiert. Wir konnten jetzt zeigen, dass auch zentrale Probleme der Quantenphysik unentscheidbar sind.
Chemical modification of a phenoxyfuranone‐type strigolactone mimic for selective effects on rice tillering or Striga hermonthica seed germination
Authors: Takahashi Ikuo , Fukui Kosuke , Asami Tadao 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe previously reported that a series of phenoxyfuranone compounds, designated ‘debranones’, mimic strigolactone (SL) activity. 4‐Bromodebranone (4BD) is a functionally selective SL mimic that reduces the number of shoot branches on rice more potently than GR24, a typical synthetic SL analogue, but does not induce seed germination in the root‐parasitic plant Striga hermonthica. To enhance the selective activity of debranones in stimulating the seed germination of root‐parasitic plants, we prepared several analogues of 4BD in which the chlorine atom was substituted with an H atom at the o‐, m‐ or p‐position on the phenyl ring (designated 2‐, 3‐, or 4‐chlorodebranone, respectively) or had a bicyclic group instead of the phenyl ring. We evaluated the biological activities of the compounds with rice tillering assays and S. hermonthica seed germination assays.RESULTSBoth assays showed that the substituent position affected debranone efficiency, and among the monochlorodebranones, 2‐chlorodebranone was more effective than the other two isomers in both assays. When the activities of the bicyclic debranones were compared in the same two assays, one was more active than GR24 in the rice tillering assay. This debranone also stimulated the germination of S. hermonthica seeds. Thus, some debranone derivatives induced the germination of S. hermonthica seeds, although their activities were still ∼1/20 that of GR24.CONCLUSIONThese results strongly suggest that further and rigorous structure–activity relationship studies of the debranones will identify derivatives that more potently stimulate the suicidal germination of S. hermonthica seeds. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry