bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROBESPIERRE, THE DUKE OF YORK, AND PISISTRATUS DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY TERROR
Authors: JONES COLIN , MACDONALD SIMON 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMaximilien Robespierre was deposed on 27 July 1794/9 Thermidor Year II when the charge that he was a tyrant burst spectacularly into open political discussion in France. This article examines key aspects of how that charge had developed, and been discussed in veiled terms, over the preceding months. First, it analyses a war of words which unfolded between Robespierre and the duke of York, the commander of the British forces on the northern front. This involved allegations that Robespierre had used an assassination attempt against him in late May as a pretext for scapegoating the British – including the orchestration of a notorious government decree of 7 Prairial/26 May 1794 which banned the taking of British and Hanoverian prisoners of war. Second, the article explores how these developments fitted within a larger view of Robespierre as aiming for supreme power. In particular, they meshed closely with a reading of French politics which likened Robespierre to the ancient Athenian leader Pisistratus, a figure who had subverted the city's constitution – including posing as a victim of violent attacks – in order to establish his tyranny. Pisistratus's story, we argue, offered a powerful script for interpreting Robespierre's actions, and a cue for resistance.
New generation cut-and-seal devices in oral and oropharyngeal cancer resection: clinical and cost-effectiveness study
Authors: Tirelli G , Del Piero G C , Valentinuz G , Monte A , Gatto A , Rebelli A , Quatela E 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of ultrasonic shears and the electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing system, in comparison to the traditional cold knife and bipolar forceps, in oral and oropharyngeal cancer surgery.Methods:Patients who underwent oral or oropharyngeal cancer resection and neck dissection with either ultrasonic shears (n= 36) or electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing (n= 32) were enrolled. Surgical time, intra-operative bleeding, blood drainage, post-operative pain, neck oedema, complications and hospitalisation duration were compared to those of an historical cohort of 36 patients treated using a cold knife and bipolar forceps. Additionally, a cost-effectiveness evaluation was performed.Results:Ultrasonic shears and, in particular, electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing, were advantageous compared to the traditional techniques. The cost of ultrasonic shears and electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing was completely offset by declining time-driven costs for the surgical team and operating theatre.Conclusion:Ultrasonic shears and, in particular, electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing, are more advantageous compared to the traditional techniques, from both a clinical and economic point of view.
Heightened connectivity between the ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex as a biomarker for stress-related psychopathology: understanding interactive effects of early and more recent stress
Authors: Hanson Jamie L. , Knodt Annchen R. , Brigidi Bartholomew D. , Hariri Ahmad R. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThe experience of childhood maltreatment is a significant risk factor for the development of depression. This risk is particularly heightened after exposure to additional, more contemporaneous stress. While behavioral evidence exists for this relation, little is known about biological correlates of these stress interactions. Identifying such correlates may provide biomarkers of risk for later depression.MethodsHere, we leverage behavioral, experiential, and neuroimaging data from the Duke Neurogenetics Study to identify potential biomarkers of stress exposure. Based on the past research, we were specifically interested in reward-related connectivity and the interaction of early and more recent stress. We examined psychophysiological interactions between the ventral striatum and other brain regions in relation to these stress variables, as well as measures of internalizing symptomatology (n= 926, participant age range = 18–22 years of age).ResultsWe found relatively increased reward-related functional connectivity between the left ventral striatum and the medial prefrontal cortex in individuals exposed to greater levels of childhood maltreatment who also experienced greater levels of recent life stress (β= 0.199,p< 0.005). This pattern of functional connectivity was further associated with elevated symptoms of depression (β= 0.089,p= 0.006). Furthermore, using a moderated mediation framework, we demonstrate that this functional connectivity provides a biological link between cumulative stress exposure and internalizing symptomatology.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a novel biomarker linking cumulative stress exposure with the later experience of depressive symptoms. Our results are discussed in the context of past research examining stress exposure in relation to depression.
Post-cooling survival, growth and deformity rates in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio)
Authors: do Carmo Faria Paes Maria , Satiko Okada Nakaghi Laura 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis study investigated and analysed survival, growth and macro- and microscopic damage during the development of zebrafish embryos up to the adult stage after undergoing cooling. The embryos at 50% epiboly stage were selected, submerged in cryoprotectant solution of methanol and sucrose, cooled gradually to 0 ± 2°C temperature, and divided into two groups with different storage times (6 and 18 h). Subsequently, the embryos were reheated, rehydrated and incubated normally. The experiment lasted 5 months and, from hatching onward, the larvae were examined, collected and processed at pre-established time intervals. The hatching rate was significantly higher for the larvae stored for 18 h compared with the 6-h group. However, embryos from this group gave rise to a larger number of malformations, and these were much more severe compared with those in the 6 h group, which led to a higher mortality in the long term. Regarding larval length, the animals of the 6 h group had higher mean total length compared with the 18 h group, but both treatments were inferior to the control. Numerous macro- and microscopic malformations were observed and, in both treatments, only the morphologically normal individuals were able to develop to the adult stage, with organ development similar to the control, except for the gonads that were still undifferentiated in treated animals.
Practicing safety: a quality improvement intervention to test tools to enhance pediatric psychosocial care for children 0–3 years
Authors: Abatemarco Diane J. , Gubernick Ruth S. , LaNoue Marianna D. , Pohlig Ryan T. , Slovin Sara R. , Healy Jill A. , Kairys Steven 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundChild maltreatment is a significant public health issue in the United States. Yet, fewer than half of pediatricians discuss behavioral, developmental, or parenting issues with parents.ObjectiveThis paper describes the testing of bundles of tools and processes, part of a larger intervention,Practicing Safety, targeted at changing physician and staff behavior to identify families at risk for child maltreatment, provide anticipatory guidance, refer to community resources, and follow-up and track at-risk families. The intervention was implemented with 14 pediatric primary care practices throughout the United States; the study was completed in 2011.MethodsA within-subjects repeated measures pre-post follow-up design was used to evaluate the intervention. Baseline and repeated measurements of pediatric practices’ processes were collected using qualitative and quantitative methods. In total, 14 core improvement teams from across the country tested three bundles of tools (maternal, infant, toddler) within a quality improvement framework over seven months.ResultsQuantitative results showed statistically significant adoption of tools and processes and enhancement of practice behaviors and office environmental supports. The increase in tool use was immediate and was sustained for six months after implementation. Qualitative data provided insight as to how meaningful the intervention was to the core improvement teams, especially with more complicated behaviors (eg, engaging social workers or community agencies for referrals). Barriers included lack of community resources. Findings showed unanticipated outcomes such as helping practices to become medical homes.ConclusionLessons learned included that practices appreciate and can adopt brief interventions that have meaningful and useful tools and process to enhance psychosocial care for children 0–3 and that do not place a burden on pediatric practice. An innovative, quality improvement strategy, intuitive to pediatricians, with a brief intervention may help prevent child maltreatment.
Why do patients with minor complaints choose emergency departments and does satisfaction with primary care services influence their decisions?
Authors: Akpinar Yakup , Demirci Hakan , Budak Ersin , Baran Ayse Karalar , Candar Ali , Ocakoglu Gokhan 
Published: December 2017

AimTo identify the reasons why patients with minor complaints choose emergency departments (EDs) as a first contact of care and whether dissatisfaction with primary care services influences their decisions.MethodsIn this study, a self-completed survey called EUROPEP was given to 535 outpatients who were admitted to the XXXXX Hospital in Bursa and examined in the green zone in July 2015. Patients were asked about their complaints and why they preferred EDs as a first contact of care.ResultsEDs were the first contact of care in 87.8% of cases. In all, 9% of patients registered to family physicians who were working outside the city of Bursa. There was no relationship between patient satisfaction and the number of previous visits to EDs in last 12 months (P=0.09). The main reasons for admitting to the emergency services were feeling excessive pain (20.4%), perception of urgency (14.5%) and that the family doctor services were closed outside working hours (13.2%). The mean patient satisfaction with family practice offices was calculated to be 68.1%.ConclusionsThe frequency of admission to EDs as a first contact of care was extremely high in the absence of a referral system. Patients who did not have family doctors in the settlement where they live put an extra burden on the EDs. Overall, patient satisfaction with their GPs did not influence the number of visits to EDs but accessibility remains a big challenge.
Breakthrough Listen follow-up of the reported transient signal observed at the Arecibo Telescope in the direction of Ross 128
Authors: Enriquez J. Emilio , Siemion Andrew , Dana Ryan , Croft Steve , Méndez Abel , Xu Andrew , DeBoer David , Gajjar Vishal , Hellbourg Greg , Isaacson Howard , Lebofsky Matt , MacMahon David H. E. , Price Danny C. , Werthimer Dan , Zuluaga Jorge 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe undertook observations with the Green Bank Telescope, simultaneously with the 300 m telescope in Arecibo, as a follow-up of a possible flare of radio emission from Ross 128. We report here the non-detections from the GBT observations in C band (4–8 GHz), as well as non-detections in archival data at L band (1.1–1.9 GHz). We suggest that a likely scenario is that the emission comes from one or more satellites passing through the same region of the sky.
Modelling the Public’s Taste: Local Habits, Ethnic Pluralism and European Music in Bucharest (1821–1862)
Authors: Preda-Schimek Haiganuş 
Published: December 2017

This article attempts to describe the shift in the Romanian public’s musical taste brought about by musical borrowings and imports from the West. It focuses on the period between the end of Phanariot rule (1821) and the establishment of Romania’s capital in Bucharest (1862). These decades of change yielded rich intercultural encounters and fusions, whereas the years that followed – from the 1870s to the outbreak of the First World War – show a more unified phase of assimilation of Western music.After looking at the boyar class and the bourgeoisie of Bucharest (the social segment from which an opera- and concert-going public emerged in the last quarter of the century), I move on to the everyday musical practices of the population of Bucharest, using musical examples and travellers’ accounts as a descriptive means. Finally, I analyse the shifts in musical tastes that took place in the upper layers of society as a complicated process of exclusion, inclusion and assimilation of various musical influences; as we shall see, the mixing and hybridization of musical practices not only shaped the tastes of music lovers, but also influenced the creation of Romanian music, which entered a new phase.
Mecoptera and Diptera from the early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) deposits of Wolfsburg – Große Kley (Lower Saxony, Germany)
Authors: Kopeć Katarzyna , Soszyńska-Maj Agnieszka , Gehler Alexander , Ansorge Jörg , Krzemiński Wiesław 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTTwelve specimens of early Toarcian Mecoptera and Diptera from the vicinity of Wolfsburg were investigated for the present study. The material was found during house building activities in the 1980s at the locality Große Kley in Mörse, an urban district of the city of Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. The specimens were found in calcareous nodules of the Harpoceras falciferum Zone that occur within the Liassic black shales (Posidonia shale). Six specimens of Mecoptera, five belonging to the family Orthophlebiidae and one belonging to the Bittacidae, and six representatives of the following Diptera families were identified: Ptychopteridae, Limoniidae, Anisopodidae and the superfamily Mycetophiloidea. The fossil fauna of Wolfsburg is similar to that of other early Toarcian sites in Germany, described by Handlirsch (1906, 1939), Bode (1905, 1953) and Ansorge (1996) from Braunschweig, Dobbertin and Grimmen. Two new species are described, Mesorhyphusulrichi sp. nov. (Anisopodidae) and Archipleciomima germanica sp. nov. (Mycetophiloidea).
“Restoring hope where all hope was lost”: Nelson Mandela, the ICRC and the protection of political detainees in apartheid South Africa
Authors: Thompson Andrew 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAmidst the violent upheavals of the end of empire and the Cold War, international organizations developed a basic framework for holding State and non-State armed groups to account for their actions when taking prisoners. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) placed itself at the very centre of these developments, making detention visiting a cornerstone of its work. Nowhere was this growing preoccupation with the problem of protecting detainees more evident than apartheid South Africa, where the ICRC undertook more detention visits than in almost any other African country. During these visits the ICRC was drawn into an internationalized human rights dispute that severely tested its leadership and demonstrated the troubled rapport between humanitarianism and human rights. The problems seen in apartheid South Africa reflect today's dilemmas of how to protect political detainees in situations of extreme violence. We can look to the past to find solutions for today's political detainees − or “security detainees” as they are now more commonly called.
AraBAD Based Toolkit for Gene Expression and Metabolic Robustness Improvement in Synechococcus elongatus
Authors: Cao Yi-Qi , Li Qian , Xia Peng-Fei , Wei Liu-Jing , Guo Ning , Li Jian-Wei , Wang Shu-Guang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAs a novel chemical production platform, controllable and inducible modules in Synechococcus elongatus plus the ability of working in diurnal conditions are necessary. To the endeavors, inducible promoters, such as PTrc, have been refined from Escherichia coli, but the inducer isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside may cause several side-effects. Meanwhile, to promote the efficiency, photomixotrophic cultivation has been applied in S. elongatus with the additional organic carbon sources. In this study, we developed L-arabinose based modules consisted of both the PBAD inducible promoter and the metabolism of L-arabinose in S. elongatus, since L-arabinose is an ideal heterologous feedstock for its availability and economic and environmental benefits. As expected, we achieved homogeneous and linear expression of the exogenous reporter through the PBAD promoter, and the biomass increased in diurnal light condition via introducing L-arabinose metabolism pathway. Moreover, the combined AraBAD based toolkit containing both the PBAD inducible module and the L-arabinose metabolism module could obtain gene expression and metabolic robustness improvement in S. elongatus. With the only additive L-arabinose, the novel strategy may generate a win-win scenario for both regulation and metabolism for autotrophic bio-production platforms.
Tailoring Optical Gradient Force and Optical Scattering and Absorption Force
Authors: Du Junjie , Yuen Chi-Hong , Li Xiao , Ding Kun , Du Guiqiang , Lin Zhifang , Chan C. T. , Ng Jack 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe introduction of the concept of gradient force and scattering and absorption force is an important milestone in optical trapping. However the profiles of these forces are usually unknown, even for standard setups. Here, we successfully calculated them analytically via multipole expansion and numerically via Mie theory and fast Fourier transform. The former provides physical insight, while the latter is highly accurate and efficient. A recipe to create truly conservative energy landscapes is presented. These may open up qualitatively new features in optical manipulation.
Interactive effects of music and prefrontal cortex stimulation in modulating response inhibition
Authors: Mansouri Farshad Alizadeh , Acevedo Nicola , Illipparampil Rosin , Fehring Daniel J. , Fitzgerald Paul B. , Jaberzadeh Shapour 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInfluential hypotheses propose that alterations in emotional state influence decision processes and executive control of behavior. Both music and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of prefrontal cortex affect emotional state, however interactive effects of music and tDCS on executive functions remain unknown. Learning to inhibit inappropriate responses is an important aspect of executive control which is guided by assessing the decision outcomes such as errors. We found that high-tempo music, but not low-tempo music or low-level noise, significantly influenced learning and implementation of inhibitory control. In addition, a brief period of tDCS over prefrontal cortex specifically interacted with high-tempo music and altered its effects on executive functions. Measuring event-related autonomic and arousal response of participants indicated that exposure to task demands and practice led to a decline in arousal response to the decision outcome and high-tempo music enhanced such practice-related processes. However, tDCS specifically moderated the high-tempo music effect on the arousal response to errors and concomitantly restored learning and improvement in executive functions. Here, we show that tDCS and music interactively influence the learning and implementation of inhibitory control. Our findings indicate that alterations in the arousal-emotional response to the decision outcome might underlie these interactive effects.
Fusimonas intestini gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel intestinal bacterium of the family Lachnospiraceae associated with diabetes in mice
Authors: Kusada Hiroyuki , Kameyama Keishi , Meng Xian-Ying , Kamagata Yoichi , Tamaki Hideyuki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOur previous study shows that an anaerobic intestinal bacterium strain AJ110941P contributes to type 2 diabetes development in mice. Here we phylogenetically and physiologically characterized this unique mouse gut bacterium. The 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that the strain belongs to the family Lachnospiraceae but shows low sequence similarities ( < 92.5%) to valid species, and rather formed a distinct cluster with uncultured mouse gut bacteria clones. In metagenomic database survey, the 16S sequence of AJ110941P also matched with mouse gut-derived datasets (56% of total datasets) with > 99% similarity, suggesting that AJ110941P-related bacteria mainly reside in mouse digestive tracts. Strain AJ110941P shared common physiological traits (e.g., Gram-positive, anaerobic, mesophilic, and fermentative growth with carbohydrates) with relative species of the Lachnospiraceae. Notably, the biofilm-forming capacity was found in both AJ110941P and relative species. However, AJ110941P possessed far more strong ability to produce biofilm than relative species and formed unique structure of extracellular polymeric substances. Furthermore, AJ110941P cells are markedly long fusiform-shaped rods (9.0–62.5 µm) with multiple flagella that have never been observed in any other Lachnospiraceae members. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic features, we propose a new genus and species, Fusimonas intestini gen. nov., sp. nov. for strain AJ110941P (FERM BP-11443).
Pitavastatin nanoparticle-engineered endothelial progenitor cells repair injured vessels
Authors: Liu Huanyun , Bao Pang , Li Lufeng , Wang Yuqing , Xu Chunxin , Deng Mengyang , Zhang Jihang , Zhao Xiaohui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEndothelial progenitor cells (EPC) participate in vessel recovery and maintenance of normal endothelial function. Therefore, pitavastatin-nanoparticles (NPs)-engineered EPC may be effective in repairing injured vasculature. Pitavastatin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) NPs were obtained via ultrasonic emulsion solvent evaporation with PLGA as the carrier encapsulating pitavastatin. The effects and mechanism of pitavastatin-NPs on EPC proliferation in vitro were evaluated. Then, EPC that internalized pitavastatin-NPs were transplanted into rats after carotid artery injury. EPC homing, re-endothelialization, and neointima were evaluated by fluorescence labeling, evans Blue and hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Pitavastatin-NPs significantly improved EPC proliferation compared with control and pitavastatin group. Those effects were blocked by pretreatment with the pharmacological phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) blockers LY294002. After carotid artery injury, more transplanted EPC were detected in target zone in Pitavastatin-NPs group than pitavastatin and control group. Re-endothelialization was promoted and intimal hyperplasia was inhibited as well. Thus, pitavastatin-NPs promote EPC proliferation via PI3K signaling and accelerate recovery of injured carotid artery.