bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband polarization-adjustable antenna realized by waveguide circular polarizers
Authors: Yan Feng , Zhuang Qinghe , Yang Meng , Kang Kaiyuan , Xiong Zhengfeng , Yuan Chengwei 
Published: October 2024

A broadband polarization-adjustable antenna realized by two waveguide circular polarizers is proposed in this paper. The antenna consists of a rectangular-to-circular transition waveguide, two identically structured rectangular slot circular polarizers, and a conical horn, all connected in sequence. By rotating the two circular polarizers to specific angles, the antenna can switch among four polarization modes: horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization. The antenna polarization adjustment principle is thoroughly analyzed. Taking the X-band polarization-adjustable antenna as an example, simulation and optimization were performed, and a prototype was fabricated and measured. The antenna’s reflection coefficient is below −18 dB across all polarization modes from 9.2 to 10 GHz. In linear polarized modes, gains exceed 10.5 dBi. For circular polarized modes, the gains align with those of linear modes, with an axial ratio of less than 1 dB in the operating frequency band. The measured results are consistent with the simulation results, confirming its excellent polarization adjustment performance and potential for high power microwave applications.
Photoacoustic spectroscopy with a widely tunable narrowband fiber-feedback optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Schmid Luca , Kadriu Florent , Kuppel Sandro , Floess Moritz , Steinle Tobias , Giessen Harald 
Published: October 2024

Trace gas analysis is a key tool for the investigation of man-made environmental pollution as well as for early detection of respiratory diseases. To detect tiny concentrations, sensitive methods such as cavity ring down spectroscopy or plasmonic sensors have been used. Here, we demonstrate the combination of the photoacoustic effect in a classical cell with a novel, rapidly tunable, narrowband fiber-feedback optical parametric oscillator. The high sensitivity of photoacoustic cells and the extremely narrow linewidth as well as the wide and rapid tunability of the fiber-feedback optical parametric oscillator enable a high resolution of the rotational and vibrational bands of molecules in the near-infrared region. Photoacoustic spectra of methane, carbon dioxide, and water at ambient pressure are obtained in a broad spectral range and compared to high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database. In particular, scanning the entire carbon dioxide overtone around 4965 cm−1 at 2000 ppm takes 185 s with a signal-to-noise ratio of 31. This approach enables a wide tunability in the entire near- and mid-infrared spectral region suitable for many environmental and medical applications.
Tunable annealing effect to enhance structural and magnetic properties of spinel cobalt magnesium ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Mondal Preanka , Akter Sumi , Roy Probal , Elius Iftakhar Bin , Khan M. N. I. , Sikder S. S. 
Published: October 2024

Cobalt magnesium ferrite nanoparticles, with the chemical formula Co0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 (CMFO), were synthesized via co-precipitation and subjected to annealing at 200–800 °C with a step size of 200. Thermal analysis for the as-dried sample was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The presence of a plateau region in the DTA curve above 366 °C, combined with the slight weight loss noted in the TGA curve, indicates that the ferrite sample, specifically CMFO, has successfully transitioned into its final phase. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis unveiled the formation of spinel CMFO NPs belonging to the Fd-3m space group. The Williamson–Hall method showed particle size increasing from 8.20 to 52.15 nm and tensile microstrain decreasing from 6.90 to 1.84 × 10−3 with higher annealing temperatures, noted by the shift of the (311) plane. TEM images confirmed the formation of smaller nanoparticles with minimal agglomeration. Particles of nearly uniform size are achieved at the optimum annealing temperature of 600 °C, owing to its narrow distribution profile. The experimental magnetization data were analyzed using the Langevin function and the law of approach to saturation to determine the saturation magnetization, spanning from 15.46 to 43.90 emu/g. The magnetic characteristics of the annealed samples exhibited a rise in coercive force, reaching up to 349.74 Oe with the elevation of the annealing temperature. The range of attributes exhibited by CMFO makes it highly advantageous for various applications, including sensor technology, high-frequency devices, and energy storage devices.
Investigation of students repeating calculus-based introductory physics courses by gender, ethnicity and race
Authors: Santana Lisabeth Marie , Malespina Alysa , Li Yangqiuting , Singh Chandralekha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We analyze institutional data from large introductory calculus-based physics courses at a large public research university in the US in which the students enrolled in these courses majored in engineering, chemistry, physics, computer science, and mathematics. The data were analyzed from two introductory physics courses that are required for most of these students and they are often considered ‘weed out’ courses in that a poor performance in these courses can severely hinder or modify students long term career goal achievement. In particular, these courses can act as gatekeepers for many students and those who do not perform to their satisfaction the first time often repeat these courses, particularly if they aspire to remain in their major. We present findings by analyzing data from different demographic groups based upon gender, ethnicity and race for how likely were the students from different demographic groups to repeat these introductory calculus-based physics courses and we compared outcomes of students who repeated with those who did not. We also analysed and found similar patterns in the calculus courses that are co-requisites for the physics courses. These findings can help physics departments contemplate strategies for providing personalized support to help all students succeed in these calculus-based physics courses so that students do not have to repeat these courses, which are pivotal for accomplishing their long-term career goals.
Nanoplasma formation and expansion ignited by an intense FEL: a study using pump-probe electron spectroscopy
Authors: Niozu Akinobu , Fukuzawa Hironobu , Hagiya Toru , Yamamoto Akifumi , You Daehyun , Saito Shu , Ishimura Yudai , Togashi Tadashi , Owada Shigeki , Tono Kensuke , Yabashi Makina , Wada Shin-ichi , Matsuda Kazuhiro , Ueda Kiyoshi , Nagaya Kiyonobu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate real-time observations of nanoplasma formation and expansion using intense extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) and near-infrared (NIR) pump–probe electron spectroscopy. We identified the formation of a nanoplasma by the sudden enhancement of low-energy electron emission within a few tens of femtoseconds after XUV excitation, which indicates considerable heating of the clusters by the NIR field. We probed the subsequent expansion of the nanoplasma by monitoring the transient resonant enhancement of high-energy electron emission. The dependence of the resonance on the XUV intensity is explained by the expansion speed of the XUV-induced nanoplasma.
Interface properties study of black silicon solar cells with front surface a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction
Authors: Gudovskikh A S , Baranov A I , Uvarov A V , Vyacheslavova E A , Maksimova A A , Salimi A , Kirilenko D A , Aydın O , Turan R , Nasser H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The exceptionally low reflectance of black silicon (Si) across a broad wavelength range makes it an intriguing surface texture for solar cell applications. Si heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells fabricated on black Si formed by dry reactive ion etching using inductive coupled plasma on n-type Si are explored. The study is focused on the properties of the a-Si:H/ crystalline silicon interface, being a key issue for the photovoltaic performance of SHJ. Deep-level transient spectroscopy detected no radiation defect in Si after the etching. The surface of black Si was passivated with an intrinsic a-Si:H layer, followed by the deposition of p-type and n-type a-Si:H on the front and back sides, respectively. The SHJ solar cell photovoltaic performance based on black Si is strongly influenced by defect density at the a-Si:H/Si interface. Admittance spectroscopy and effective charge carrier lifetime measurements demonstrate that interface defect density decreases with the increase of (i) a-Si:H thickness. The value of 0.75 ms effective charge carrier lifetime was reached for single (i) a-Si:H layer passivation and 0.25 ms when (p)a-Si:H was deposited over the intrinsic a-Si:H layer. The measured open circuit voltage values for the SHJ solar cells increase with the (i) a-Si:H layer thickness reaching 658 mV. However, the fill factor decreases with increasing (i) a-Si:H layer thickness, limiting the efficiency at the maximum value below 14% due to the thickness uniformity of the a-Si:H layer. The development of conformal growth of a-Si:H is a key issue for further improvement of black Si heterojunction solar cell photovoltaic performance.
Tunable electronic and optical properties of BAs/InS heterojunction based on first-principles calculations
Authors: Ma Qianli , Ni Lei , Li Duan , Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The geometric structure, electronic properties, and optical characteristics of BAs/InS heterostructures are investigated in the present study through the first-principles calculations of Density Functional Theory. The analysis shows that H1-stacking BAs/InS heterostructures with an interlayer distance of 3.6 Å have excellent stability compared with monolayer materials. Furthermore, this heterostructure is classified as a Type-II heterostructure, which promotes the formation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. The band alignment, direction and magnitude of electronic transfer in BAs/InS heterostructures can be fine-tuned by applying the external electric field and stress, which can also induce a transition from Type-II to Type-I behavior, the indirect bandgap to direct bandgap also occurs. Moreover, absorption coefficient of the heterostructure can also be moderately enhanced and adjusted by external electric fields and stress. These findings suggest that BAs/InS heterostructures have potential applications in photoelectric detectors and laser technology.
LW-MorphCNN: a lightweight morphological attention-based subtype classification network for lung cancer
Authors: Fan Xiangsuo , Lu Yingqi , Hu Bo , Shi Yuqiu , Sun Borui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Lung cancer is generally considered one of the most deadly cancers globally. If it can be identified early and diagnosed correctly, the survival probability of patients can be significantly improved. In this process, histopathological examination is a commonly used method for diagnosing and detecting lung cancer. It is crucial to accurately identify lung cancer subtypes from histopathological images, as this helps doctors formulate effective treatment plans. However, the visual inspection in histopathological diagnosis requires a large amount of time and also depends on the subjective perception of clinicians. Therefore, this paper proposes a lightweight lung cancer subtype classification network based on morphological attention (LW-MorphCNN), which is used to automatically classify the histopathological images of benign lung tumors, ADC (adenocarcinoma), and SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) provided in the public dataset LC25000 (Lung and Colon). This paper takes histopathological images as input and conducts a comparative analysis with classic networks such as VGG16, VGG19, DenseNet121, and ResNet50, as well as existing classification methods proposed in the same work. The network proposed in this paper is superior to other networks in terms of parameter quantity and performance, with an accuracy rate and F1 - score reaching 99.47% and 99.44% respectively. Clinicians can install the provided LW-MorphCNN in the hospital to confirm the diagnosis results.
Response of the poloidal rotation to resonant magnetic perturbations in the EAST tokamak
Authors: Wang S F , Zhou C , Liu A D , Zhuang G , Sun Y W , Gu S , Wang S X , Liu H Q , Dai Z L , Wang H H , Zhang J , Zhong X M , Feng X , Gao L T , Shi W X , Qiu S C , Li L X , Chen X Y , Zhang Y Y , Xie P C , Ye C , Yang H 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper the response of the plasma poloidal rotation to resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) is investigated in EAST Tokamak using the multi-channel Doppler backscattering (DBS) system. It shows that the poloidal rotation spins up towards the ion-diamagnetic drift direction with increasing external perturbation field, which will reduce the edge shear. In ohmically heated discharges, the n = 1 RMP can only affect the edge poloidal rotation when the RMP coil current is small, and the influence will gradually reach the inner regions with increasing RMP coil current. At the moment of the n = 1 RMP penetration, all the poloidal rotations measured by the DBS will increase significantly, and then they will keep almost unchanged with the increase of the RMP coil current. In H-mode discharge, the poloidal rotation is significantly influenced by the n = 2 RMP, and the edge velocity well even reverses, along with edge-localized modes (ELMs) mitigation. However, in the same shot, the n = 4 RMP with the same coil current amplitude can hardly affect the poloidal rotations and the behavior of ELMs.
Blood-based magnetohydrodynamic Casson hybrid nanofluid flow on convectively heated bi-directional porous stretching sheet with variable porosity and slip constraints
Authors: Lone Showkat Ahmad , Bossly Rawan , Alduais Fuad S. , Al-Bossly Afrah , Khan Arshad , Saeed Anwar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fluid flow through porous spaces with variable porosity has wide-range applications, notably in biomedical and thermal engineering, where it plays a vital role in comprehending blood flow dynamics within cardiovascular systems, heat transfer and thermal management systems improve efficiency using porous materials with variable porosity. Keeping these important applications in view, in current study blood-based hybrid nanofluid flow has considered on a convectively heated sheet. The sheet exhibits the properties of a porous medium with variable porosity and extends in both the x and y directions. Blood has used as base fluid in which the nanoparticles of Cu and CuO have been mixed. Thermal radiation, space-dependent, and thermal-dependent heat sources have been incorporated into the energy equation, while magnetic effects have been integrated into the momentum equations. Dimensionless variables have employed to transform the modeled equations into dimensionless form and facilitating their solution using bvp4c approach. It has concluded in this study that, both the primary and secondary velocities augmented with upsurge in variable porous factor and declined with escalation in stretching ratio, Casson, magnetic, and slip factors along x- and y-axes. Thermal distribution has grown up with upsurge in Casson factor, magnetic factor, thermal Biot number, and thermal/space-dependent heat sources while has retarded with growth in variable porous and stretching ratio factors. The findings of this investigation have been compared with the existing literature, revealing a strong agreement among present and established results that ensured the validation of the model and method used in this work.
Quantum color image encryption: Dual scrambling scheme based on DNA codec and quantum Arnold transform
Authors: Cheng 程 Tao 涛 , Zhao 赵 Run-Sheng 润盛 , Wang 王 Shuang 爽 , Wang 王 Kehan 柯涵 , Ma 马 Hong-Yang 鸿洋 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the field of Internet, an image is of great significance to information transmission. Meanwhile, how to ensure and improve its security has become the focus of international research. We combine DNA codec with quantum Arnold transform (QArT) to propose a new double encryption algorithm for quantum color images to improve the security and robustness of image encryption. First, we utilize the biological characteristics of DNA codecs to perform encoding and decoding operations on pixel color information in quantum color images, and achieve pixel-level diffusion. Second, we use QArT to scramble the position information of quantum images and use the operated image as the key matrix for quantum XOR operations. All quantum operations in this paper are reversible, so the decryption operation of the ciphertext image can be realized by the reverse operation of the encryption process. We conduct simulation experiments on encryption and decryption using three color images of “Monkey”, “Flower”, and “House”. The experimental results show that the peak value and correlation of the encrypted images on the histogram have good similarity, and the average normalized pixel change rate (NPCR) of RGB three-channel is 99.61%, the average uniform average change intensity (UACI) is 33.41%, and the average information entropy is about 7.9992. In addition, the robustness of the proposed algorithm is verified by the simulation of noise interference in the actual scenario.
Toroidal injection angle dependence of EC assisted plasma initiation at DIII-D
Authors: Yang J. , Sips A.C.C. , de Vries P. , Sinha J. , Kim H.T. , Glass F. , Austin M. , van Zeeland M. , Herfindal J.L. , Shafer M. , Nelson A.O. , Marini C. , Yoo M.G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An experimental scan of the electron cyclotron waves (EC) toroidal injection angle in plasma breakdown is performed at the DIII-D tokamak. The second harmonic, extraordinary mode EC is used for the study. The dependence of n
e and T
e on the EC injection angle cannot be conclusively drawn from this study due to the large error bars in the n
e and T
e measurements. On the other hand, high T
e data points are observed in some discharges which can be explained by nonlinear heating. The D

α
emission measurement shows a clear relation between the breakdown time and the injection angle. An experimental investigation of the cause of the dependence of breakdown delay on the EC injection angle suggests that when the injection angle is oblique, the EC heating after the reflection at the inboard wall may become ineffective and cause the breakdown delay even when the EC heating before and directly upon injection remains effective. A preliminary run of the heat and transport balance code DYON indicates that the obtained dataset is suitable for a quantitative validation of EC absorption models.
An Immersive VR Training Scenario for Safe Methanol Bunkering in the Maritime Industry
Authors: Liu Yisi , Chee Onn Tham , Lim Eric , Chua Rick , Arif Bin Ari Tantawi Muhammad , Ying Hui Ngiam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The maritime industry, pivotal in global commerce, faces critical challenges in mitigating environmental impacts, especially greenhouse gas emissions. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) targets a substantial reduction in emissions by 2050, necessitating innovative approaches to fuel usage. Methanol, recognized for its lower carbon intensity, emerges as a viable alternative fuel. However, its flammability and toxicity introduce complex safety and operational demands. To address these challenges, we have developed a state-of-the-art Virtual Reality (VR) training program specifically for methanol bunkering operations. This training, utilizing Unity 3D and Meta Quest 2, offers a highly interactive and realistic experience. Trainees engage in a comprehensive simulation that covers the entire bunkering process, including safety checks, equipment handling, and emergency response protocols. The VR environment allows for dynamic adjustments by trainers, enhancing the realism and educational value of the scenario. Our program also includes an assessment component that evaluates the trainee’s performance across various metrics such as safety protocol adherence, decision-making, and situational awareness. The anticipated outcome of this VR training initiative is to significantly improve the preparedness of maritime personnel in handling alternative fuels, thereby supporting the industry’s transition towards sustainable practices and contributing to broader environmental protection goals.
CFD studies into frictional effects of ship coatings to enhance condition monitoring & increase efficiency
Authors: Xu Haihua , Ramganesh T , Chen Haoliang , Eng Tan Ching 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Managing biofouling on ship hulls is essential for reducing CO2 emissions in the shipping industry. Biofouling, characterized by the accumulation of organisms on hulls, escalates surface roughness and hydrodynamic drag, subsequently increasing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. In response, AkzoNobel, Royal Philips, and Damen Shipyards are developing a fouling prevention technology that utilizes Ultra Violet Light Emitting Diodes (UV-LEDs). The use of an array of multiple UV-LED tiles may lead to non-uniformities from gaps between tiles, potentially increasing frictional resistance due to variations in thickness and surface roughness at the tile joints. This study examines the impact of these non-uniformities on skin friction through simulations using the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, Star-CCM+. The analysis highlights effective jointing methods that minimize drag forces by optimizing gap-filling techniques, thus comparing favourably to traditional coatings. The findings contribute significantly to advancing a UV-C hull fouling prevention system, promising reduced environmental impacts and enhanced operational efficiency in the shipping industry.
An emerging market? The European Maritime Industry’s View on Autonomous Maritime Systems: A Survey
Authors: Burmeister Hans-Christoph , Weisheit Jonathan , Kuechle Julius , Bluhm Luka-Franziska , Bergmann Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Autonomous Maritime Systems have significantly emerged in maritime research over the past decade. But how is this technology adapted by the maritime industry in business applications? Based on a product and application-focused literature review as well as an industrial survey among 52 companies, this paper gives insights into the industrial’s interest in this emerging technology for different maritime segments, their prioritized use cases as well as the main barriers for the emerging market according to the European Maritime Industry. Hereby, it assesses the technology adoption rate specifically for different segments, i.e. Ship Operators, Manufacturers, Ports, Shipbuilding, Offshore and (Hinterland) logistics.