bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sturmian comparison theory for half‐linear and nonlinear differential equations via Picone identity
Authors: Özbekler Abdullah 
Published: October 2016

In this paper, Sturmian comparison theory is developed for the pair of second‐order differential equations; first of which is the nonlinear differential equations of the form

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4224:mma4224-math-0001
and the second is the half‐linear differential equations

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4224:mma4224-math-0002
where Φα(s) = |s|α − 1s and α1 > ⋯ > αm > β > αm + 1 > ⋯ > αn > 0. Under the assumption that the solution of has two consecutive zeros, we obtain Sturm–Picone type and Leighton type comparison theorems for by employing the new nonlinear version of Picone formula that we derive. Wirtinger type inequalities and several oscillation criteria are also attained for . Examples are given to illustrate the relevance of the results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Latent classes of resilience and psychological response among only‐child loss parents in China
Authors: Wang An‐ni , Zhang Wen , Zhang Jing‐ping , Huang Fei‐fei , Ye Man , Yao Shu‐yu , Luo Yuan‐hui , Li Zhi‐hua , Zhang Jie , Su Pan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOnly‐child loss parents in China recently gained extensive attention as a newly defined social group. Resilience could be a probable solution out of the psychological dilemma. Using a sample of 185 only‐child loss people, this study employed latent class analysis (a) to explore whether different classes of resilience could be identified, (b) to determine socio‐demographic characteristics of each class, and (c) to compare the depression and the subjective well‐being of each class. The results supported a three‐class solution, defined as ‘high tenacity‐strength but moderate optimism class’, ‘moderate resilience but low self‐efficacy class’ and ‘low tenacity but moderate adaption‐dependence class’. Parents with low income and medical insurance of low reimbursement type and without endowment insurance occupied more proportions in the latter two classes. The latter two classes also had a significant higher depression scores and lower subjective well‐being scores than high tenacity‐strength but moderate optimism class. Future work should care those socio‐economically vulnerable bereaved parents, and an elastic economic assistance policy was needed. To develop targeted resilience interventions, the emphasis of high tenacity‐strength but moderate optimism class should be the optimism. Moderate resilience but low self‐efficacy class should be self‐efficacy, and low tenacity but moderate adaption‐dependence class should be tenacity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphonates from Methyl Linoleate and Vegetable Oils
Authors: Bantchev Grigor B. , Moser Bryan R. , Murray Rex E. , Biresaw Girma , Hughes Stephen R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPhosphonates were synthesized on a medium scale (~200 g) from three lipids—methyl linoleate (MeLin), high‐oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) and soybean oil (SBO), and three dialkyl phosphites—methyl, ethyl and n‐butyl, using a radical initiator. A staged addition of the lipid and the initiator was used to achieve good yields. Good results were observed with MeLin (94–99% conversions of the double bonds, as determined by NMR, and 83–99% isolated yields) and HOSO (99–100% NMR conversions, 87–96% isolated yields) using tert‐butyl perbenzoate as the initiator. With SBO, benzoyl peroxide was used as the initiator, due to its capability to generate radicals at a higher rate at slightly lower temperatures, and thus to shorten the reaction time. Conversions of 91–93% (by NMR) and isolated yields of 80–94% were achieved. The progress of the reaction was monitored with GC–MS. The products were characterized using 1H, 13C and 31P NMR, IR and gel permeation chromatography. A prolonged reaction led to some transesterification between the carboxylic and phosphite ester groups. Conditions favoring higher reaction rates led to the formation of more oligomers and benzoate fatty ester byproducts. The benzoate fatty ester byproducts were formed by the attack of a benzoate radical on a double bond. The more double bonds that were present per lipid molecule, the more oligomers were formed: MeLin 2–8%, HOSO 3–9% and SBO 8–29%.
First Trimester Sonographic Findings of Caudal Regression Syndrome
Authors: Kaur Ladbans , Singh Divya , Kaur Meetan Preet , Kaur Mangun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe report a case of caudal regression syndrome in a 31-year-old primigravida having type-1 diabetes mellitus for the past eight years who was referred to our institution for a first trimester sonogram. Prenatal ultrasound examination revealed a crown rump length less than the period of amenorrhea with abrupt interruption of the spine beyond the lumbar region. There was complete absence of the sacral vertebrae with a persistent ‘frog-like’ posture of the lower limbs. After extensive counseling, termination of pregnancy was opted for and the autopsy findings confirmed the diagnosis.
Recollections of puberty and disordered eating in young women
Authors: Moore Sarah R. , McKone Kirsten M.P. , Mendle Jane 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTPuberty begins a period of vulnerability for disordered eating that is maintained and amplified through adolescence and early adulthood. In the present study, we test the association between young women's recollections of physical maturation and disordered eating outcomes in early adulthood. Participants comprised N = 421 female undergraduate students at a large, northeastern university in the United States (Mage = 19.7 years). Three models assessed the relative contributions of recollected puberty (perceptions of changes and preparedness, and timing of puberty), current contextual (social support, romantic bond, sorority or sport participation), and demographic (race, socioeconomic status, family structure) variables to three eating‐disorder outcomes. Recollections of feeling unprepared and disliking the physical changes of puberty predicted eating disorder symptoms more than any other demographic or current contextual factor. Results indicate that how young women experience the pubertal transition is related to eating disorder symptoms many years later.
Restoration of uridine 5′‐triphosphate‐suppressed delayed rectifying K+ currents by an NO activator KMUP‐1 involves RhoA/Rho kinase signaling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
Authors: Dai Zen‐Kong , Kao Chang‐Ling , Hsieh Su‐Ling , Chen Ing‐Jun , Wu Bin‐Nan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe have demonstrated that KMUP‐1 (7‐[2‐[4‐(2‐chlorobenzene)piperazinyl]ethyl]‐1,3‐dimethylxanthine) blunts monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by altering Ca2+ sensitivity, K+‐channel function, endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, and RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) expression. This study further investigated whether KMUP‐1 impedes uridine 5′‐triphosphate (UTP)‐inhibited delayed rectifying K+ (KDR) current in rat pulmonary arteries involved the RhoA/ROCK signaling. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were enzymatically dissociated from rat pulmonary arteries. KMUP‐1 (30μM) attenuated UTP (30μM)‐mediated membrane depolarization and abolished UTP‐enhanced cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp electrophysiology was used to monitor KDR currents. A voltage‐dependent KDR current was isolated and shown to consist of a 4‐aminopyridine (5mM)‐sensitive component and an insensitive component. The 4‐aminopyridine sensitive KDR current was suppressed by UTP (30μM). The ROCK inhibitor Y27632 (30μM) abolished the ability of UTP to inhibit the KDR current. Like Y27632, KMUP‐1 (30μM) similarly abolished UTP‐inhibited KDR currents. Superfused protein kinase A and protein kinase G inhibitors (KT5720, 300nM and KT5823, 300nM) did not affect UTP‐inhibited KDR currents, but the currents were restored by adding KMUP‐1 (30μM) to the superfusate. KMUP‐1 reversal of KDR current inhibition by UTP predominantly involves the ROCK inhibition. The results indicate that the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway plays a key role in eliciting PASMCs depolarization caused by UTP, which would result in pulmonary artery constriction. KMUP‐1 blocks UTP‐mediated PASMCs depolarization, suggesting that it would prevent abnormal pulmonary vasoconstriction.
The Arc of Personhood: Menkiti and Kant on Becoming and Being a Person
Authors: FLIKSCHUH KATRIN 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT:This article seeks to come to a better understanding of the account of normative personhood given by the Nigerian philosopher Ifeyani Menkiti by engaging it with that of Kant. The idea is not to adjudicate between the two accounts, but to explore the philosophical possibilities and constraints in both. I focus on the moral significance of the afterlife in each account. I engage Kant's doctrine of the postulates in support of Menkiti's defense of belief in this-worldly ancestral existence and evaluate Kant's moral commitment to belief in the immortality of the soul in the light of Menkiti's more social conception of the afterlife. I close with some comments on the general need for greater cross-cultural philosophical engagement.
Dynamic wetting failure and hydrodynamic assist in curtain coating
Authors: Liu Chen-Yu , Vandre Eric , Carvalho Marcio S. , Kumar Satish 
Published: October 2016

Dynamic wetting failure in curtain coating of Newtonian liquids is studied in this work. A hydrodynamic model accounting for air flow near the dynamic contact line (DCL) is developed to describe two-dimensional (2D) steady wetting and to predict the onset of wetting failure. A hybrid approach is used where air is described by a one-dimensional model and liquid by a 2D model, and the resulting hybrid formulation is solved with the Galerkin finite element method. The results reveal that the delay of wetting failure in curtain coating – often termed hydrodynamic assist – mainly arises from the hydrodynamic pressure generated by the inertia of the impinging curtain. This pressure leads to a strong capillary-stress gradient that pumps air away from the DCL and thus increases the critical substrate speed for wetting failure. Although the parameter values used in the model are different from those in experiments due to computational limitations, the model is able to capture the experimentally observed non-monotonic behaviour of the critical substrate speed as the feed flow rate increases (Blake et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 11, 1999, p. 1995–2007). The influence of insoluble surfactants is also investigated, and the results show that Marangoni stresses tend to thin the air film and increase air-pressure gradients near the DCL, thereby promoting the onset of wetting failure. In addition, Marangoni stresses reduce the degree of hydrodynamic assist in curtain coating, suggesting a possible mechanism for experimental observations reported by Marston et al. (Exp. Fluids, vol. 46, 2009, pp. 549–558).
RelAte: pilot study of the effects of a mealtime intervention on social cognitive factors and energy intake among older adults living alone
Authors: McHugh Power Joanna E. , Lee Olga , Aspell Niamh , McCormack Emma , Loftus Michelle , Connolly Leona , Lawlor Brian , Brennan Sabina 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMealtime interventions typically focus on institutionalised older adults, but we wanted to investigate whether they may also be effective among those living independently. Using a randomised controlled trial design, we assessed the effects of a novel mealtime intervention on self-efficacy, food enjoyment and energy intake. A total of 100 adults living alone aged over 60 years were randomised to the treatment or control conditions: all received a guidebook on nutrition and culinary skills. Treatment group participants received a weekly visit from a trained volunteer who prepared and shared a meal with them. Participants in the treatment group showed improvements relative to those in the control group at borderline significance (P=0·054) for self-efficacy and at significance for food enjoyment. Significant improvements were observed in female participants in the treatment but not in the control group in energy intake (although following corrections for multiple comparisons, only the effect on food enjoyment remained significant). These findings will inform the design of future complex interventions. For this type of intervention to be successful, more focus has to be placed on making interventions more personalised, potentially according to sex. Findings are important for nutritional sciences as they indicate that, in order to improve energy intake and food enjoyment among older adults, multimodal nutritional interventions including social components may be successful.
Who is killing the tiger Panthera tigris and why?
Authors: Saif Samia , Tuihedur Rahman H. M. , MacMillan Douglas Craig 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe investigated the range of people involved in killing tigers Panthera tigris in the Bangladesh Sundarbans, their motives and methods, and their links to the commercial trade. Using snowball sampling we conducted 141 qualitative interviews with local people. We identified five categories (village residents, poachers, shikaris, trappers and pirates), each with different motives, methods and networks. Village residents kill tigers predominantly for safety, whereas others kill in the forest professionally or opportunistically. Poachers kill tigers for money, but for others the motives are more complex. The motives of local hunters are multifaceted, encompassing excitement, profit, and esteem and status arising from providing tiger parts for local medicine. Pirates kill tigers for profit and safety but also as a protection service to the community. The emerging international trade in tiger bones, introduced to the area by non-local Bangladeshi traders, provides opportunities to sell tiger parts in the commercial trade and is a motive for tiger killing across all groups.
A large common-source outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis in a hotel in Singapore, 2012
Authors: RAJ P. , TAY J. , ANG L. W. , TIEN W. S. , THU M. , LEE P. , PANG Q. Y. , TANG Y. L. , LEE K. Y. , MAURER-STROH S. , GUNALAN V. , CUTTER J. , GOH K. T. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYAn outbreak of gastroenteritis affected 453 attendees (attack rate 28·5%) of six separate events held at a hotel in Singapore. Active case detection, case-control studies, hygiene inspections and microbial analysis of food, environmental and stool samples were conducted to determine the aetiology of the outbreak and the modes of transmission. The only commonality was the food, crockery and cutlery provided and/or handled by the hotel's Chinese banquet kitchen. Stool specimens from 34 cases and 15 food handlers were positive for norovirus genogroup II. The putative index case was one of eight norovirus-positive food handlers who had worked while they were symptomatic. Several food samples and remnants tested positive forEscherichia colior high faecal coliforms, aerobic plate counts and/or total coliforms, indicating poor food hygiene. This large common-source outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis was caused by the consumption of contaminated food and/or contact with contaminated crockery or cutlery provided or handled by the hotel's Chinese banquet kitchen.
The impact of pragmatic markers and hedging on sentence comprehension: a case study ofcommeandgenre
Authors: HENNECKE INGA 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTCurrent research on conceptual and semantic representations is mainly based on prototypical word classes, such as nouns and verbs. Hence, most models of language processing and language representation rely on experimental investigations on these word classes. Until today, only a few psycholinguistic studies centre on the processing of pragmatic markers and hedges and their effect on speech comprehension. The present article aims to give experimental evidence for the processing of semantic meaning patterns and pragmatic functions of pragmatic markers. The focus will be on the question, if pragmatic markers and hedges play a role in sentence processing. This main problem will be illustrated and discussed by means of experimental data. In a monolingual sentence verification task with lexical decision, the meaning patterns and functions of the partially equivalent pragmatic French markerscommeandgenreare investigated in Canadian and European French. The results of the sentence word verification task provide evidence for an impact of pragmatic functions and semantic meaning patterns of pragmatic markers on sentence processing.
THE ENDURING ATLANTA COMPROMISE
Authors: Dill LeConté J. , Morrison Orrianne , Dunn Mercedez 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWaves of migration to and flight from Atlanta by both White and Black residents and businesses have constantly imagined and re-imagined the city as both politically regressive and racially progressive, and from an environmental health perspective, as both a riskscape and a safe haven. We argue that the persistent racial, social, environmental, and health inequities in Atlanta have been fostered and exacerbated by the exponential growth of the city and the persistent rhetoric of it being “the city too busy to hate.” This paper is informed by extant research on housing and transportation policies and processes at work in Atlanta since the end of the Civil War, and in particular, the predatory and subprime lending practices during the past thirty years. This paper examines how young people, living in a neighborhood where over 50% of the houses are currently vacant and contending with threats of school closures, experience the contemporary foreclosure crisis. Using qualitative data from focus groups with middle school youth, this paper offers youth-informed perspectives and local knowledge by offering responses of marginalized populations in Atlanta who inhabit, rather than flee, their built and social environments.
Stretching magnetism with an electric field in a nitride semiconductor
Authors: Sztenkiel D. , Foltyn M. , Mazur G. P. , Adhikari R. , Kosiel K. , Gas K. , Zgirski M. , Kruszka R. , Jakiela R. , Li Tian , Piotrowska A. , Bonanni A. , Sawicki M. , Dietl T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe significant inversion symmetry breaking specific to wurtzite semiconductors, and the associated spontaneous electrical polarization, lead to outstanding features such as high density of carriers at the GaN/(Al,Ga)N interface—exploited in high-power/high-frequency electronics—and piezoelectric capabilities serving for nanodrives, sensors and energy harvesting devices. Here we show that the multifunctionality of nitride semiconductors encompasses also a magnetoelectric effect allowing to control the magnetization by an electric field. We first demonstrate that doping of GaN by Mn results in a semi-insulating material apt to sustain electric fields as high as 5 MV cm−1. Having such a material we find experimentally that the inverse piezoelectric effect controls the magnitude of the single-ion magnetic anisotropy specific to Mn3+ ions in GaN. The corresponding changes in the magnetization can be quantitatively described by a theory developed here.
Solution conformation and flexibility of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis and glycoconjugates with the tetanus toxoid protein
Authors: Abdelhameed Ali Saber , Morris Gordon A. , Almutairi Fahad , Adams Gary G. , Duvivier Pierre , Conrath Karel , Harding Stephen E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe structural integrity of meningococcal native, micro-fluidized and activated capsular polysaccharides and their glycoconjugates – in the form most relevant to their potential use as vaccines (dilute solution) - have been investigated with respect to their homogeneity, conformation and flexibility. Sedimentation velocity analysis showed that the polysaccharide size distributions were generally bimodal with some evidence for higher molar mass forms at higher concentration. Weight average molar massesMwwhere lower for activated polysaccharides. Conjugation with tetanus toxoid protein however greatly increased the molar mass and polydispersity of the final conjugates. Glycoconjugates had an approximately unimodal log-normal but broad and large molar mass profiles, confirmed by sedimentation equilibrium “SEDFIT MSTAR” analysis. Conformation analysis using HYDFIT (which globally combines sedimentation and viscosity data), “Conformation Zoning” and Wales-van Holde approaches showed a high degree of flexibility – at least as great as the unconjugated polysaccharides, and very different from the tetanus toxoid (TT) protein used for the conjugation. As with the recently published finding for Hib-TT complexes, it is the carbohydrate component that dictates the solution behaviour of these glycoconjugates, although the lower intrinsic viscosities suggest some degree of compaction of the carbohydrate chains around the protein.
Exploring the Influence of Environmental Factors on Bacterial Communities within the Rhizosphere of the Cu-tolerant plant, Elsholtzia splendens
Authors: Jiang Longfei , Song Mengke , Yang Li , Zhang Dayi , Sun Yingtao , Shen Zhenguo , Luo Chunling , Zhang Gan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBacterial communities of rhizospheric soils play an important role in the tolerance and uptake of metal-tolerant/hyperaccumulating plants to metals, e.g. the Cu-tolerant Elsholtzia splendens native to China. In this work, pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was firstly applied to investigate the rhizospheric bacterial community of E. splendens grown at Cu contaminated sites. The 47 phyla including 11 dominant phyla (>1%) in E. splendens rhizosphere were presented. The effects of Cu and other environmental factors (total organic carbon, total nitrogen and pH) on the rhizospheric bacterial community were studied comprehensively. The phyla abundances were affected by the environmental factors to different extent, and we found pH, instead of Cu concentration, influenced UniFrac distance significantly and was identified as the most important environmental factor affecting bacterial community. In addition, the influence of environmental factors on gene profiles was explored according to the predicted metagenomes obtained by PICRUSt (phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states). Our study illustrates a view about Cu-tolerant E. splendens rhizospheric bacterial communities (composition, diversity and gene profiles) and their influencing factors, giving a hand for the understanding on bacterial community is formed and affected in rhizosphere.