bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Storage Time and Temperature on the Quality of Fruit Nectars: Determination of Nutritional Loss Indicators
Authors: Touati Noureddine , Barba Francisco José , Louaileche Hayette , Frigola Ana , Esteve Maria José 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this study, the stability of different physicochemical and nutritional parameters of fruit nectars was monitored during storage for 28 days at 4, 25 and 37C. Moreover, potential indicators for evaluating and predicting the quality deterioration of the nectars were evaluated. For this purpose, kinetics of physicochemical parameters, bioactive compounds and total antioxidant capacity modifications were determined. Ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, carotenoids and antioxidant capacity (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC] values) followed a first‐order reaction kinetics, while browning index fitted to zero order reaction kinetics. Conversely, pH, Total soluble solids, total phenolic compounds and oxygen radical absorbance capacity values did not follow a clear trend. Fruit nectars stability was better at 4C than at 25 and 37C storage. The interaction of time‐temperature‐food matrix factor had a significant effect on TEAC. Moreover, TEAC values were well correlated (P < 0.05) with all antioxidants; therefore, it can be concluded that TEAC assay was the best predictor of nectar quality deterioration.Practical ApplicationsAntioxidant capacity may be used in food industry as a fast and functional tool to measure and predict nutritional and quality deterioration of fruit‐based beverages after processing and subsequent storage.
Supplementation of culture media with vitamin E improves mouse antral follicle maturation and embryo development from vitrified ovarian tissue
Authors: Farzollahi Masomeh , Tayefi‐Nasrabadi Hamid , Mohammadnejad Daryosh , Abedelahi Ali 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preventive vitamin E (α‐tocopherol) on antral follicle development and embryogenesis of oocytes obtained after vitrification of mouse ovarian tissue.MethodsFemale Balb/c mice were killed by cervical dislocation after the injection of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (10 IU) and their ovaries were randomly divided into three groups: control or non‐vitrified (n = 10), vitrification 1 (5, 10% ethylene glycol + 5, 10% dimethylsulfoxide) (n = 15), and vitrification 2 (10, 15% ethylene glycol + 10, 15% dimethylsulfoxide) (n = 15) with ascending concentration of cryoprotectants. After toxicity tests and vitrification–warming, mechanically isolated antral follicles were cultured in α‐minimum essential medium, which was supplemented with or without α‐tocopherol (100 μM). The follicular maturation rates and embryo development were collected and assessed. Also, the viability, morphology and ultrastructure of derived antral follicles from vitrified ovaries were analyzed.ResultsThe morphology and ultrastructure of follicles were well preserved in the vitrified groups and α‐tocopherol supplementation of culture media significantly increased the proportion of oocytes that reached metaphase II blastocyst rates compared to non‐α‐tocopherol supplemented media (P < 0.01).ConclusionVitamin E improves in vitro maturation rates and blastocyst rates of oocytes that are isolated from vitrified ovarian tissue.
Cleaning Methods for Zirconia Following Salivary Contamination
Authors: Angkasith Pattarika , Burgess John O. , Bottino Marco C. , Lawson Nathaniel C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeTo determine the best method of cleaning saliva‐contaminated zirconia in preparation for resin bonding.Material and MethodsFlat blocks of zirconia were particle abraded with aluminum oxide and divided into eight groups (n = 10). Groups 1 to 4 were first treated with one coat of an MDP primer (Z‐prime Plus) and groups 5 to 8 were left untreated. A thin coat of fresh whole saliva was painted on all specimens (except the control, group 1) and left in contact for 3 minutes. The specimens were then cleaned by rinsing with water for 20 seconds (groups 2 and 5), or cleaned with 35% phosphoric acid for 20 seconds and rinsed (groups 3 and 6), or cleaned with a zirconia cleaning solution (Ivoclean) for 20 seconds and rinsed (groups 4 and 7), or abraded with aluminum oxide particles and rinsed (group 5). Following the cleaning procedure, groups 5 to 8 were treated with one coat of Z‐prime Plus. A 2.5 mm diameter tube was filled with composite (Z100), affixed to the zirconia surface, and light‐cured. Specimens were stored in water (37°C for 24 hours) followed by thermocycling (5°C to 55°C for 10,000 cycles). Shear bond strength testing was performed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Bond strength values were compared to the control using a Dunnett's test (alpha = 0.05). Contact angles of the zirconia specimens with and without Z‐prime Plus were measured with water using a goniometer.ResultsGroups 2, 5, and 8 were not significantly different from the control. Application of Z‐prime made the zirconia surface more hydrophobic.ConclusionsIf salivary contamination occurs after MDP application, rinsing off the saliva with water will preserve bond strength. If salivary contamination occurs prior to MDP application, particle abrasion or cleaning with Ivoclean will preserve bond strength.
Sixty Minutes of Physical Activity per Day Included Within Preschool Academic Lessons Improves Early Literacy
Authors: Kirk Stacie M. , Kirk Erik P. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe effects of increases in physical activity (PA) on early literacy skills in preschool children are not known.METHODSFifty‐four African‐American preschool children from a low socioeconomic urban Head Start participated over 8 months. A 2‐group, quasi‐experimental design was used with one preschool site participating in the PA intervention and a second site participating as the control site. The PA program was designed to promote 300 minutes/week of moderate to vigorous PA academic lessons. Academic achievement related to early literacy and phonological awareness in the areas of rhyming and alliteration were assessed at baseline, 4 and 8 months.RESULTSOver 8 months, rhyming significantly (p < .01) improved in the PA group (173±12%) compared with the controls (28 ± 8%) resulting in between group differences at 8 months (p < .01). Alliteration significantly (p < .01) improved in the PA group (52 ± 16%) compared with controls (13 ± 5%), resulting in between group differences at 8 months (p < .01). As minutes of exposure to moderate to vigorous PA increased, the change in picture naming (R2 = .35, p < .05), alliteration (R2 = .38, p < .05), and rhyming (R2 = .42, p < .05), increased.CONCLUSIONA teacher‐directed PA program is effective at increasing PA and improving early literacy.
Rebound Body Mass Index Growth in Year‐Round Elementary Education Students of Largely Hispanic Descent Undergoing Obesity Interventions
Authors: Alexander Andrew G. , Lyons Paul E. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBody mass index (BMI) increases when students are away on summer vacation. Evaluation of serial BMI measurements on year‐round students allows new insight into the reasons children gain weight seasonally.METHODSThe 206 first and second graders of 2‐year‐round elementary schools with obesity intervention programs were weighed and measured every 6 months from April 2011 until April 2013. BMI and BMI percentiles were recorded.RESULTSChildren <50th, 50th to 85th, and 85th to 95th BMI percentiles showed significant accelerated winter gains in BMI (p = 2.6 × 10−7, p = 6.8 × 10−10, and p = .0007, respectively) compared with the previous summers. Accelerated BMI growth of the second summer was absent when compared with the previous winter BMI changes in children <95th percentile (p = .48, p = .81, and p = .93). For children >95th percentile, BMI gain continued without significant changes year‐round.CONCLUSIONSSchool‐wide interventions to induce BMI growth limitations are associated with significant rebound BMI gain with possible wintertime augmentation in nonobese children of year‐round education programs. Obese children do not display rebound BMI gain, BMI seasonal change, or BMI limitations in response to school‐based interventions. School weight control programs should consider off‐campus sources of weight gain and be vigilant for rebound and delayed seasonal BMI gains.
Barriers, Benefits, and Behaviors Related to Breakfast Consumption Among Rural Adolescents
Authors: Hearst Mary O. , Shanafelt Amy , Wang Qi , Leduc Robert , Nanney Marilyn S. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe sought to determine if perceived barriers, benefits, and modifiable behaviors support or interfere with breakfast consumption in a racially and economically diverse rural high school population.METHODSThe participants were 832 Minnesota adolescents from 16 rural high schools. We used baseline data from a group randomized trial aimed at increasing school breakfast participation through policy and environmental‐level school changes. Students completed an online survey asking about demographics, breakfast eating behaviors, and the barriers and benefits of eating as it relates to school performance. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, accounting for clustering by school, was performed using SAS. Each scale was modeled independently.RESULTSParticipants were 9th and 10th grade students, 36% free/reduced‐price lunch (FRL), 30% non‐White, and 55% female. Breakfast skippers compared to nonbreakfast skippers reported fewer school related benefits and beliefs and more barriers to eating breakfast (p < .01). Adjusted models revealed students reported more positive beliefs (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.73‐0.83), more benefits (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93‐0.97) and fewer barriers (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.82‐0.87) and were less likely to skip breakfast.CONCLUSIONSFuture intervention research should focus on alleviating barriers and enhancing education around the school related benefits of eating breakfast.
Biological and Sociocultural Factors During the School Years Predicting Women's Lifetime Educational Attainment
Authors: Hendrick C. Emily , Cohen Alison K. , Deardorff Julianna , Cance Jessica D. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDLifetime educational attainment is an important predictor of health and well‐being for women in the United States. In this study, we examine the roles of sociocultural factors in youth and an understudied biological life event, pubertal timing, in predicting women's lifetime educational attainment.METHODSUsing data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort (N = 3889), we conducted sequential multivariate linear regression analyses to investigate the influences of macro‐level and family‐level sociocultural contextual factors in youth (region of country, urbanicity, race/ethnicity, year of birth, household composition, mother's education, and mother's age at first birth) and early menarche, a marker of early pubertal development, on women's educational attainment after age 24.RESULTSPubertal timing and all sociocultural factors in youth, other than year of birth, predicted women's lifetime educational attainment in bivariate models. Family factors had the strongest associations. When family factors were added to multivariate models, geographic region in youth, and pubertal timing were no longer significant.CONCLUSIONOur findings provide additional evidence that family factors should be considered when developing comprehensive and inclusive interventions in childhood and adolescence to promote lifetime educational attainment among girls.
Emotional Arousal and Regulation: Further Evidence of the Validity of the “How I Feel” Questionnaire for Use With School‐Age Children
Authors: Ciucci Enrica , Baroncelli Andrea , Grazzani Ilaria , Ornaghi Veronica , Caprin Claudia 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe ability to understand and manage emotional experience is critical to children's health. This study confirmed the validity of the How I Feel (HIF) Questionnaire, a measure of children's emotional arousal and regulation, exploring its associations with measures of emotional and social functioning.METHODSThe sample was comprised of 1379 Italian students (aged 8 to 12 years) who attended schools interested in the study aims. Participants completed the 30‐item HIF scale, and measures of emotional self‐efficacy and social desirability (SD). Factor structures were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Invariance by age and gender, internal consistency, temporal stability, and concurrent validity were also tested.RESULTSA 3‐factor model was identified: frequency and intensity of (1) positive emotion – PE (8 items, α = .82), (2) negative emotion – NE (12 items, α = .86), and (3) positive and negative emotion control – EC (10 items, α = .77). This factor structure was invariant across age and gender groups. The HIF displayed moderate longitudinal stability over a 15‐month period and a low social desirability effect. Positive emotion was positively associated with social acceptance and visibility, and negatively with social withdrawal.CONCLUSIONSThe HIF is a reliable and valid measure for research and school intervention promoting students' emotional and mental health.
Acute liver injury and acute liver failure from mushroom poisoning in North America
Authors: Karvellas Constantine J. , Tillman Holly , Leung Alexander A. , Lee William M. , Schilsky Michael L. , Hameed Bilal , Stravitz R. Todd , McGuire Brendan M. , Fix Oren K. ,   the United States Acute Liver Failure Study Group
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsPublished estimates of survival associated with mushroom (amatoxin)‐induced acute liver failure (ALF) and injury (ALI) with and without liver transplant (LT) are highly variable. We aimed to determine the 21‐day survival associated with amatoxin‐induced ALI (A‐ALI) and ALF (A‐ALF) and review use of targeted therapies.MethodsCohort study of all A‐ALI/A‐ALF patients enrolled in the US ALFSG registry between 01/1998 and 12/2014.ResultsOf the 2224 subjects in the registry, 18 (0.8%) had A‐ALF (n = 13) or A‐ALI (n = 5). At admission, ALF patients had higher lactate levels (5.2 vs. 2.2 mm, P = 0.06) compared to ALI patients, but INR (2.8 vs. 2.2), bilirubin (87 vs. 26 μm) and MELD scores (28 vs. 24) were similar (P > 0.2 for all). Of the 13 patients with ALF, six survived without LT (46%), five survived with LT (39%) and two died without LT (15%). Of the five patients with ALI, four (80%) recovered and one (20%) survived post‐LT. Comparing those who died/received LT (non‐spontaneous survivors [NSS]) with spontaneous survivors (SS), N‐acetylcysteine was used in nearly all patients (NSS 88% vs. SS 80%); whereas, silibinin (25% vs. 50%), penicillin (50% vs. 25%) and nasobiliary drainage (0 vs. 10%) were used less frequently (P > 0.15 for all therapies).ConclusionPatients with mushroom poisoning with ALI have favourable survival, while around half of those presenting with ALF may eventually require LT. Further study is needed to define optimal management (including the use of targeted therapies) to improve survival, particularly in the absence of LT.
Effect of parenchymal uptake of perfluorobutane microbubbles (Sonazoid®) on radiofrequency ablation of the liver: in vivo experimental study
Authors: Min Ji Hye , Kim Young‐sun , Rhim Hyunchul , Lee Min Woo , Kang Tae Wook , Song Kyoung Doo , Lim Hyo Keun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsTo investigate the differences in mechanical effects and ablation zone between radiofrequency (RF) ablation with and without Sonazoid uptake in an in vivo rabbit liver model.MethodsOur study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Twenty‐five rabbits were randomly allotted to one of five ablation durations (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 min). For each rabbit, RF ablation was performed twice, before and 10 min after Sonazoid administration (i.e. control group vs. Sonazoid group), using a 1‐cm internally cooled electrode (40W) equipped with a parallelly fixed pressure‐monitoring device. During ablation, a ‘popping’ sound was perceived and recorded along with tissue pressure changes and RF ablation parameters. Then, the ablation volume and microscopic changes were compared.ResultsPopping sounds were more frequently perceived in the control group (21/25 vs. 1/25, P < 0.001). The time to first pressure peak was shorter in the Sonazoid group (22.3 ± 1.1 s vs. 46.3 ± 4.4 s, P < 0.001) with similar pressures (39.8 ± 4.2 mmHg vs. 35.6 ± 4.1 mmHg, P = 0.350). Time to first roll‐off and mean power output were significantly less in the Sonazoid group (17.6 ± 1.2 s vs. 71.2 ± 8.2 s, P < 0.001; 9.4 ± 0.3 W vs. 12.8 ± 0.5 W, P < 0.001). Consequently, the Sonazoid group had lower total energy and ablation volumes for all durations. Microscopically, the control group showed larger conflu‐ent disruptions, whereas the Sonazoid group showed many smaller disruptions scattered throughout the ablation zones.ConclusionsRadiofrequency ablation after Sonazoid uptake induces a smaller ablation zone than conventional RF ablation. However, it appears to ablate the liver tissue with less mechanical effects.
A phase 3b study of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in Taiwanese patients with chronic genotype 2 hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Kao Jia‐Horng , Chien Rong‐Nan , Chang Ting‐Tsung , Peng Cheng‐Yuan , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Lo Gin‐Ho , Wang Horng‐Yuan , Chen Jyh‐Jou , Yang Jenny C. , Knox Steven J. , Han Lingling , Mo Hongmei , Mathias Anita , Brainard Diana M. , Sheen I‐Shyan , Hsu Yu‐Chun , Chu Chi‐Jen , Chuang Wan‐Long 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsIn Taiwan, patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are currently treated with pegylated interferon‐alpha plus ribavirin, but interferon‐based regimens can be poorly tolerated, especially by those with advanced liver disease and the elderly. Sofosbuvir, an oral nucleotide analogue inhibitor of HCV NS5B polymerase, is approved in Europe, the USA and Japan for treating chronic HCV infection. This phase 3b study examined the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in Taiwanese patients with chronic genotype 2 HCV infection ± compensated cirrhosis.MethodsIn this multicentre, open‐label, phase 3b (NCT02021643) study, 87 patients (n = 43, treatment‐naive; n = 44, treatment‐experienced) received 12 weeks of treatment with sofosbuvir plus weight‐based ribavirin. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with sustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment discontinuation (SVR12). Safety and pharmacokinetic data were also collected.ResultsAll 87 patients (100%; 95% confidence interval, 92–100%) achieved SVR12, including the 13 patients with compensated cirrhosis. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs) were insomnia (16%, 14/87) and upper respiratory tract infection (16%, 14/87). No grade 3 or grade 4 AE was reported. There was one serious AE (biliary colic), which was deemed unrelated to study treatment. Laboratory abnormalities other than ribavirin‐related reductions in haemoglobin were uncommon.ConclusionsThe results from this phase 3b study demonstrate that 12 weeks of treatment with the interferon‐free regimen sofosbuvir plus ribavirin is effective and well tolerated in both treatment‐naive and treatment‐experienced Taiwanese patients with chronic genotype 2 HCV infection.
The mammalian complement system as an epitome of host–pathogen genetic conflicts
Authors: Cagliani Rachele , Forni Diego , Filippi Giulia , Mozzi Alessandra , De Gioia Luca , Pontremoli Chiara , Pozzoli Uberto , Bresolin Nereo , Clerici Mario , Sironi Manuela 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe complement system is an innate immunity effector mechanism; its action is antagonized by a wide array of pathogens and complement evasion determines the virulence of several infections. We investigated the evolutionary history of the complement system and of bacterial‐encoded complement‐interacting proteins. Complement components targeted by several pathogens evolved under strong selective pressure in primates, with selection acting on residues at the contact interface with microbial/viral proteins. Positively selected sites in CFH and C4BPA account for the human specificity of gonococcal infection. Bacterial interactors, evolved adaptively as well, with selected sites located at interaction surfaces with primate complement proteins. These results epitomize the expectation under a genetic conflict scenario whereby the host's and the pathogen's genes evolve within binding avoidance‐binding seeking dynamics. In silico mutagenesis and protein–protein docking analyses supported this by showing that positively selected sites, both in the host's and in the pathogen's interacting partner, modulate binding.
The Role of Imagination in Decision‐Making
Authors: Nanay Bence 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe psychological mechanism of decision‐making has traditionally been modeled with the help of belief‐desire psychology: the agent has some desires (or other pro‐attitudes) and some background beliefs and deciding between two possible actions is a matter of comparing the probability of the satisfaction of these desires given the background beliefs in the case of the performance of each action. There is a wealth of recent empirical findings about how we actually make decisions that seems to be in conflict with this picture. My aim is to outline an alternative model that is consistent with these empirical findings. This alternative model emphasizes the role imagination plays in our decisions: when we decide between two possible actions, we imagine ourselves in the situation that we imagine to be the outcome of these two actions and then compare these two imaginings.
Myeloperoxidase anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody affinity is associated with the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in the kidney and vasculitis activity in myeloperoxidase anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated microscopic polyangiitis
Authors: Yoshida Masaharu , Yamada Muneharu , Sudo Yasuyo , Kojima Tadasu , Tomiyasu Tomohiro , Yoshikawa Noriko , Oda Takashi , Yamada Michiyuki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAnti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is associated with small‐vessel vasculitis particularly in the kidneys and can induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) from primed neutrophils. Recently we have reported that the induction of NETs correlates with ANCA affinity for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and disease activity in patients with MPO‐ANCA‐associated microscopic polyangiitis. To investigate whether MPO‐ANCA affinity is associated with the formation of NETs in vivo, we examined the occurrence of NETs in the renal tissues of patients with MPO‐ANCA‐associated microscopic polyangiitis and ANCA affinity by double immunofluorescence staining for NET components of citrullinated histone, MPO and PAD4 and by ELISA competition with MPO, respectively. We divided 30 MPO‐ANCA‐associated microscopic polyangiitis patients into 2 groups based on their ANCA affinity levels (IC50 for the high: 0.11 ± 0.04 µg/mL (Group1) and IC50 for the low: 0.66 ± 0.24 µg/mL (Group2)). Group1 showed a higher Birmingham vasculitis activity score (15.6 ± 5.7) and 73% of the patients presented clinically with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and histologically with focal/crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN). Group 2 showed a lower Birmingham vasculitis activity score (9.2 ± 4.9) and 73% of the patients presented clinically with chronic renal failure and histologically with mixed/sclerotic GN. Group 1 showed a much higher occurrence of NETs than Group 2. Our findings indicate that ANCA affinity was associated with the in vivo formation of NETs, which might be involved in the pathophysiology of patients with MPO‐ANCA‐associated microscopic polyangiitis.