bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower Mortality Risk Associated With Remdesivir + Dexamethasone Versus Dexamethasone Alone for the Treatment of Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19
Authors: Mozaffari Essy , Chandak Aastha , Gottlieb Robert L , Chima-Melton Chidinma , Berry Mark , Oppelt Thomas , Okulicz Jason F , Amin Alpesh N , Welte Tobias , Sax Paul E , Kalil Andre C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Treatment guidelines were developed early in the pandemic when much about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was unknown. Given the evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), real-world data can provide clinicians with updated information. The objective of this analysis was to assess mortality risk in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during the Omicron period receiving remdesivir + dexamethasone versus dexamethasone alone.

Methods
A large, multicenter US hospital database was used to identify adult patients hospitalized with a primary discharge diagnosis of COVID-19 flagged as “present-on-admission” and treated with remdesivir + dexamethasone or dexamethasone alone between December 2021 and April 2023. Patients were matched using 1:1 propensity score matching and stratified by baseline oxygen requirements. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess time to 14- and 28-day in-hospital all-cause mortality.

Results
A total of 33 037 patients were matched, with most patients ≥65 years old (72%), White (78%), and non-Hispanic (84%). Remdesivir + dexamethasone was associated with lower mortality risk versus dexamethasone alone across all baseline oxygen requirements at 14-days (no supplemental oxygen charges: adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval {CI}]: 0.79 [.72–.87], low flow oxygen: 0.70 [.64–.77], high flow oxygen/non-invasive ventilation: 0.69 [.62–.76], invasive mechanical ventilation/extracorporeal membrane oxygen (IMV/ECMO): 0.78 [.64–.94]), with similar results at 28-days.

Conclusions
Remdesivir + dexamethasone was associated with a significant reduction in 14- and 28-day mortality compared to dexamethasone alone in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 across all levels of baseline respiratory support, including IMV/ECMO. However, the use of remdesivir + dexamethasone still has low clinical practice uptake. In addition, these data suggest a need to update the existing guidelines.
Utility of the morphological scoring of costal cartilage ossification in age estimation of adult Egyptians using multidetector computed tomography
Authors: Elgendy Mai Mohammad , Madkour Somaya Abdel-gawad , Eldine Fatma Mohamed Magdi Badr , Emara Doaa Mokhtar , Attia Mennatt Allah Hassan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Age estimation of adults is a challenging procedure in forensic practice. Inspired by the previous work by Chinese scholars, we established population specific age estimation models from the osseous and calcified projections (OCP) of costal cartilages, using three-dimensional volume-rendering technique. A total of 168 clinical CT scans (2 mm slice thickness) were used to develop the sex-specific age prediction models from a sample of Egyptians, comprising 70 females and 98 males, with documented ages between 12 and 85 years. The sample was also used for validating the Chinese model. We reported the differences between the predictive accuracy of the Egyptian (population specific) and Chinese (non population specific) models. The most accurate age estimation model was stepwise linear regression with standard error of estimates (SEE) of 10.9 and 11.8 years in males and females, respectively. For the simple linear regression models, the most accurate formula included OCP of the right second costal cartilage in males and OCP of the left third costal cartilage in females with SEE of 11.2 and 12.2 years, respectively and mean absolute error (MAE) of 8.8 and 9.6 years, respectively. By comparison, the best accuracy rates produced by the Chinese vs. the Egyptian models in males and females within 5 years were 30.61% and 32.86% vs. 35.71% and 32.86%, respectively, whereas within 10 years, the accuracy rates increased up to 57.14% and 58.57% vs. 72.45% and 64.29%, respectively. Although the accuracy rates from the Chinese models were lower than those obtained from the Egyptian models, the MAE and least error values were comparable in both sexes. Notable accurate age estimation rates in the advanced age group ≥40 years were reached being 81.25% to 97.92% in males and 69.77% to 93.02% in females. OCP of the right first costal cartilage was the most accurate in cross-population application for males and females with MAE values of 10.7 and 11.03 years, respectively with balanced accuracy rates of age estimation using the 10-year interval and 40-year cutoff.
Synthesis of the O antigen repeating units of Escherichia coli serotypes O117 and O107
Authors: Falconer Dylan , Melamed Jacob , Kocev Alexander , Bossert Maike , Jakeman David L , Brockhausen Inka 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Escherichia coli serotype O117 (ECO117) are pathogenic bacteria that produce Shiga toxin. Repeating units of the O antigen of ECO117 have the pentasaccharide structure [4-D-GalNAcβ1-3-L-Rhaα1-4-D-Glcα1-4-D-Galβ1-3-D-GalNAcα1-]n. The related non-pathogenic serotype (ECO107) contains a GlcNAc residue instead of Glc in the repeating unit, and the biosynthetic enzymes involved are almost identical. We assembled these repeating units based on GalNAcα-diphosphate-phenylundecyl (GalNAcα-PP-PhU), an analog of the natural intermediate GalNAc-diphosphate-undecaprenyl. We previously characterized α1,4-Glc-transferase WclY from ECO117 that transfers the Glc residue to Galβ1-3GalNAcα-PP-PhU and showed that Arg194Cys mutants of WclY are active α1,4-GlcNAc-transferases. In this work, the reaction products of WclY were used as acceptor substrates for the final enzymes in pathway, L-Rha-transferase WclX, and GalNAc-transferase WclW, demonstrating a complete synthesis of the ECO117 and O107 repeating units. WclX transfers L-Rha with high specificity for the WclY enzyme product as the acceptor and for TDP-L-Rha as the donor substrate. A number of highly conserved sequence motifs were identified (DDGSxD, DxDD, and YR). Mutational analysis revealed several Asp residues are essential for the catalysis of L-Rha transfer, while mutations of Asp44 and Arg212 substantially reduced the activity of WclX. WclW is a GT2 enzyme specific for UDP-GalNAc but with broad specificity for the acceptor substrate. Using L-Rhaα-p-nitrophenyl as an acceptor for WclW, the reaction product was analyzed by NMR demonstrating that GalNAc was transferred in a β1-3 linkage to L-Rha. The in vitro synthesis of the repeating units allows the production of vaccine candidates and identifies potential targets for inhibition of O antigen biosynthesis.
Global freshwater distribution of Telonemia protists
Authors: Boukheloua Roudaina , Mukherjee Indranil , Park Hongjae , Šimek Karel , Kasalický Vojtěch , Ngochera Maxon , Grossart Hans-Peter , Picazo-Mozo Antonio , Camacho Antonio , Cabello-Yeves Pedro J , Rodriguez-Valera Francisco , Callieri Cristiana , Andrei Adrian-Stefan , Pernthaler Jakob , Posch Thomas , Alfreider Albin , Sommaruga Ruben , Hahn Martin W , Sonntag Bettina , López-García Purificación , Moreira David , Jardillier Ludwig , Lepère Cécile , Biderre-Petit Corinne , Bednarska Anna , Ślusarczyk Mirosław , Tóth Viktor R , Banciu Horia L , Kormas Konstantinos , Orlić Sandi , Šantić Danijela , Muyzer Gerard , Herlemann Daniel P R , Tammert Helen , Bertilsson Stefan , Langenheder Silke , Zechmeister Thomas , Salmaso Nico , Storelli Nicola , Capelli Camilla , Lepori Fabio , Lanta Vojtěch , Vieira Helena Henriques , Kostanjšek Fran , Kabeláčová Kateřina , Chiriac Maria-Cecilia , Haber Markus , Shabarova Tanja , Fernandes Clafy , Rychtecký Pavel , Znachor Petr , Szőke-Nagy Tiberiu , Layoun Paul , Wong Hon Lun , Kavagutti Vinicius Silva , Bulzu Paul-Adrian , Salcher Michaela M , Piwosz Kasia , Ghai Rohit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Telonemia are one of the oldest identified marine protists that for most part of their history have been recognized as a distinct incertae sedis lineage. Today, their evolutionary proximity to the SAR supergroup (Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizaria) is firmly established. However, their ecological distribution and importance as a natural predatory flagellate, especially in freshwater food webs, still remain unclear. To unravel the distribution and diversity of the phylum Telonemia in freshwater habitats, we examined over a thousand freshwater metagenomes from all over the world. In addition, to directly quantify absolute abundances, we analyzed 407 samples from 97 lakes and reservoirs using Catalyzed Reporter Deposition-Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (CARD-FISH). We recovered Telonemia 18S rRNA gene sequences from hundreds of metagenomic samples from a wide variety of habitats, indicating a global distribution of this phylum. However, even after this extensive sampling, our phylogenetic analysis did not reveal any new major clades, suggesting current molecular surveys are near to capturing the full diversity within this group. We observed excellent concordance between CARD-FISH analyses and estimates of abundances from metagenomes. Both approaches suggest that Telonemia are largely absent from shallow lakes and prefer to inhabit the colder hypolimnion of lakes and reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere, where they frequently bloom, reaching 10%–20% of the total heterotrophic flagellate population, making them important predatory flagellates in the freshwater food web.
The Impact of Body Image on Physical Function and Return to Work After Burn: A Burn Model System Study
Authors: Ali Mashal , McMullen Kara , Solis-Beach Kyra , Roaten Kimberly , Ryan Colleen M , Pacleb Maiya I , Carrougher Gretchen J , Yenikomshian Haig A , Kowalske Karen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Burn injury can have a lasting impact on quality of life beyond the initial injury. The aim of this study was to examine the recovery process through analyzing the relationship between body image, physical function, and return to work. This study uses data from the Burn Model System National Longitudinal Database and includes 1001 participants injured between 2015 and 2023 who were measured using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29 Physical Function, Employment Status, and the Body Image subscale. Associations were explored using multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses. Physical function was positively associated with body image and negatively associated with burn size, age, and amputation. Employment was positively correlated with body image and employment at injury, while negatively correlated with age. Other variables, including burn etiology, burn center site, race, and ethnicity, were significant at different time points. By understanding how these factors change and are associated with outcomes across recovery, the healthcare team can make more tailored efforts to improve the psychosocial and physical well-being of burn survivors.
The Price of Foods, Beverages, and Diets in Australia: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Dawson Emily , Chung Alexandra , Vargas Carmen , Backholer Kathryn , Lee Amanda , Lewis Meron , Brooks Ruby , Schultz Sally , Bennett Rebecca , Martino Florentine , Zorbas Christina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
The price and affordability of food are priorities for public health and health equity; however, Australia lacks a consistent method to evaluate healthy versus unhealthy diets, creating a gap in routine food price reporting.

Objective
This review aimed to identify and summarize recent methods used to assess and monitor the price and/or affordability of food and beverages in Australia using a health lens.

Data Sources
Four academic databases (MEDLINE Complete, Global Health, CINAHL Complete, and Business Source Complete) were searched in English from 2016 to 2022. Relevant gray literature was searched through Google Scholar and government websites.

Data Extraction
Five reviewers screened titles and abstracts, and full-text screening was conducted by 1 reviewer, with eligibility confirmed by a second reviewer. The quality of studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute “Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies.”

Data Analysis
Twenty-five eligible studies were identified. Eleven studies used a version of the Healthy Diets Australian Standardized Affordability and Pricing protocol to collect prices for a “healthy” diet modelled on dietary guidelines and an “unhealthy” diet based on a habitual Australian diet. These studies consistently found unhealthy diets to be more expensive than healthy diets. Other identified methods included assessing the price of household diets across healthy baskets (n = 6), store types (n = 5), a planetary health diet (n = 1), packaged foods according to their Health Star Rating (n = 1), a fruit and vegetable basket (n = 1), school canteen foods against a traffic light system (n = 1), and weekly healthy meal plans (n = 1). Healthy diets tended to be less costly than less healthy diets, but both diets were often unaffordable in regional areas, for people on low incomes, and for First Nations peoples.

Conclusion
Consistent country-wide application of methods for monitoring the price and affordability of foods and diets in Australia is needed—including tailored approaches for priority groups.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022333531.
The Complex Path to Digital Constitutionalism in Africa
Authors: Abdulrauf Lukman 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter aims to understand how constitutional law has been harnessed to deal with the rapid penetration of digital platforms, exercising powers and providing services analogous to those of governments. Constitutional law in this instance is mainly used as a bulwark against governmental powers and not necessarily private entities like digital platforms. The chapter examines the complex path toward digital constitutionalism in Africa, drawing from the experience of a few sub-Saharan African countries. The chapter shows that reframing power and rights towards digital constitutionalism is complex in Africa for several reasons. One reason is that while African nations have somewhat different reactions to the constitutional challenge of the digital society, some of these reactions are not deliberately tailored to promote a constitutional-based agenda. Besides, the distrust for the public power holders has caused the people to treat any form of regulation of digital platforms with much scepticism. The chapter posits that digital constitutionalism is a concept that is here to stay. African countries must, therefore, seek effective means of promoting constitutionalism online with as much effort and vigour as they do offline.
Transmisogyny, Ableism and Compulsory Cisness: Case Studies from Byzantium
Authors: Maude Ilya , Perisanidi Maroula 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article uses case studies from Byzantium to demonstrate a new trans framework for gendered historical analysis that recognizes identity as both fluid and painful. Instead of placing the emphasis on whether or not we can call an individual trans, it explores the forces that produced cisness, and the cis and trans lives people carved out amidst them. We find ableism and transmisogyny at the heart of three important pieces of trans history from the middle Byzantine period: a description by Michael Psellos of a child whose femininity is framed in terms of disability, Nikephoros Basilakes’ Confirmation and Refutation of the story of Atalanta, and Psellos’ own expressions of gendered identity in their epistolography. Focusing on the collusion of cisness and able-bodiedness produces a complex image of how some Byzantines could incorporate gender transgression into a cis life, while others negotiated life outside the boundaries of acceptability. More broadly, this framework reveals the entanglements of transness and cisness, which demand that historical analysis does not stop at the borders of inner states.
Unpaired Kidney Exchange: Overcoming Double Coincidence of Wants without Money
Authors: Akbarpour Mohammad , Combe Julien , He YingHua , Hiller Victor , Shimer Robert , Tercieux Olivier 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
For an incompatible patient–donor pair, kidney exchanges often forbid receipt-before-donation (the patient receives a kidney before the donor donates) and donation-before-receipt, causing a double-coincidence-of-wants problem. We study an algorithm, the Unpaired kidney exchange algorithm, which eliminates this problem. In a dynamic matching model, we show that the waiting time of patients under Unpaired is close to optimal and substantially shorter than under widely used algorithms. Using a rich administrative dataset from France, we show that Unpaired achieves a match rate of 63% and an average waiting time of 176 days for transplanted patients. The (infeasible) optimal algorithm is only slightly better (64% and 144 days); widely used algorithms deliver less than 40% match rate and at least 232 days waiting times. We discuss a range of solutions that can address the potential practical incentive challenges of Unpaired. In particular, we extend our analysis to an environment where a deceased donor waitlist can be integrated to improve the performance of algorithms. We show that our theoretical and empirical comparisons continue to hold. Finally, based on these analyses, we propose a practical version of the Unpaired algorithm.
Labor Induction at 41+0 Gestational Weeks or Expectant Management for the Nulliparous Woman: The Finnish Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial
Authors: Place Katariina , Rahkonen Leena , Tekay Aydin , Väyrynen Kirsi , Orden Maija-Riitta , Vääräsmäki Marja , Uotila Jukka , Tihtonen Kati , Rinne Kirsi , Mäkikallio Kaarin , Heinonen Seppo , Kruit Heidi 
Published: September 2024

(Abstracted from Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024;103:505–511)
As gestational age advances in term pregnancies, the risks of neonatal and maternal morbidity increase. Labor induction prior to 41 weeks’ gestation has been shown to decrease the rates of stillbirth and other complications without increases in the rates of cesarean delivery (CD) or costs.
Transitional Neonatal Hypoglycemia and Adverse Neurodevelopment in Midchildhood
Authors: Roeper Marcia , Hoermann Henrike , Körner Lisa M. , Sobottka Marvin , Mayatepek Ertan , Kummer Sebastian , Meissner Thomas 
Published: September 2024

(Abstracted from JAMA Network Open 2024;7:e243683)
The most common metabolic condition requiring treatment in neonates is hypoglycemia, with a reported incidence of 15% among all neonates and 50% among neonates with preexisting risk factors. Transitional hypoglycemia is the most common form, occurring due to the metabolic stress directly after birth in transitioning from intrauterine to extrauterine life.
Successful Postcoital Testing of Ovaprene: An Investigational Non-hormonal Monthly Vaginal Contraceptive
Authors: Mauck Christine , Thurman Andrea , Jensen Jeffrey T. , Schreiber Courtney A. , Baker Jeff , Hou Melody Y. , Chavoustie Steven , Dart Clint , Wu Hongsheng , Zack Nadene , Hatheway Jessica , Friend David 
Published: September 2024

(Abstracted from Contraception 2024;132:110373)
Many varieties of contraception are effective, and due to a myriad of reasons, many couples prefer nonhormonal contraception. One current investigational nonhormonal contraception is Ovaprene, which is applied monthly and consists of a 55-mm silicone ring with a central permeable barrier that inhibits the passage of sperm while allowing normal fluid passage.
System-Level Recommendations for Improved Wellness for Gynecologic Oncologists: A Society of Gynecologic Oncology Review
Authors: Williams-Brown M. Y. , Summey R. M. , Newtson A. , Burke W. , Turner T. , Sabu P. , Davidson B. A. , Glaser G. 
Published: September 2024

(Abstracted from Gynecol Oncol 2024;183:85–92)
The rate of gynecologic oncologists (GOs) experiencing burnout has increased in the United States since 2015, reflecting a nationwide trend across health care but intensified by stressors such as facing surgical complications and providing end-of-life care. Some of the most unique aspects of GO practice, including longitudinal relationships, opportunities to offer complex surgical care, and the availability of ever-growing cancer therapeutics can be stressors or sources of secondary trauma.
Pearls and pitfalls of over-the-counter nasal sprays for seasonal allergy
Authors: Hong Eunhee , Lewis Paige , Sheridan Dan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Allergic rhinitis (AR), commonly called hay fever, is primarily caused by the release of histamine after exposure to an allergen. This article reviews over-the-counter nasal spray options for the prevention and treatment of AR, including mechanisms of action, risks and benefits, and patient education.
Variables Associated With Resolution and Persistence of Ovarian Cysts
Authors: Lasher Anne , Harris Lauren E. , Solomon Angelica L. , Harbin Laura M. , Raby Lauren , Dietrich Charles S. , Kryscio Richard J. , van Nagell John R. , Pavlik Edward J. 
Published: September 2024

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2023;142:1293–301)
Ovarian cysts are relatively common and can occur throughout a lifetime. Benign cysts are typically fluid-filled, without septations or solid features, and can form either inside or on the surface of the ovary.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of At-Home Catheter Removal After Urogynecologic Surgery
Authors: Davenport Abigail P. , Li Yi W. , Lefbom Lucie T. , Iglesia Cheryl B. , Dieter Alexis A. 
Published: September 2024

(Abstracted from Urogynecology (Phila) 2024;30:550–556)
Urogynecologic surgery can result in a variety of complications, but 1 of the most common is postoperative urinary retention (POUR), which requires postoperative catheterization. The current standard of care for patients who fail a voiding trial (VT) after surgery involves discharge with a catheter and return to the office for a repeat VT, which can be inconvenient and significantly increase the burden on patients and facilities.
Regenerative Medicine in Urogynecology: Where We Are and Where We Want to Be
Authors: Henderson Tatyanna , Christman Karen L. , Alperin Marianna 
Published: September 2024

(Abstracted from Urogynecology (Phila) 2024;30:519–527)
Current guidance on treatment for pelvic floor disorders revolves around anatomical correction and compensation for lost function rather than the underlying cause for the disorder. In contrast, regenerative medicine strategies using stem cells, extracellular vesicles, secretomes, laser therapies, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and bioinductive acellular biomaterial scaffolds offer a different therapeutic approach.
First-Trimester Prediction of Preterm Pre-eclampsia and Prophylaxis by Aspirin: Effect on Spontaneous and Iatrogenic Preterm Birth
Authors: Nicolaides Kypros H. , Syngelaki Argyro , Poon Liona C. , Rolnik Daniel L. , Tan Min Yi , Wright Alan , Wright David 
Published: September 2024

(Abstracted from BJOG 2024;131:483–492)
Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy, and efforts have been made to increase the ability to predict when an individual will develop the condition. Guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) are based on risk factor scoring, with high-risk women having either 1 major risk factor or 2 moderate risk factors.