bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF THEVETIA PERUVIANA ON MURINE-INDUCED OBESITY
Authors: Pérez-García Ma Dolores , Romero-Cerecero Ofelia , Zamilpa Alejandro , Román-Ramos Rubén , Tortoriello Jaime 
Published: November 2017

Background: Obesity is considered a multifactorial disease that has importantly increased the development of chronic degenerative diseases. Drugs available for treating obesity have the inconvenience of producing side effects of importance. In Mexican traditional medicine, the seeds of Thevetia peruviana have been widely employed for weight reduction.
Materials and Methods: The effect produced by different extracts of T. peruviana on MonoSodium Glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity in mice was evaluated. A chemical analysis oriented toward the identification of the chemical compounds contained in the active extract was carried out.
Results: Oral administration of the hexanic extract of T. peruviana (for 7 weeks) was capable of diminishing weight gain by up to 24.1% in the mice without observing the development of resistance to insulin. Median lethal dose of the hexanic and Ethyl Acetate (EtOAc) extracts was >2 g/kg. By utilizing bio-assay guided fractionation, eight secondary metabolites were purified and characterized.
Conclusion: The hexanic extract obtained from Thevetia peruviana seeds was capable of reducing weight gain in mice with induced obesity. In addition, this extract showed good response to the glucose tolerance test, was able to avoid the development of insulin resistance, and also substantially increased serum adiponectin levels. Eight low-polarity compounds were identified in the active fraction. This species could be considered for ongoing investigation as a potential option to reduce obesity
Managing Surface Water Inputs to Reduce Phosphorus Loss from Cranberry Farms
Authors: Kennedy Casey D. , Kleinman Peter J.A. , DeMoranville Carolyn J. , Elkin Kyle R. , Bryant Ray B. , Buda Anthony R. 
Published: November 2017

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) production in Massachusetts represents one‐fourth of the US cranberry supply, but water quality concerns, water use, and wetland protection laws challenge the future viability of the state's cranberry industry. Pond water used for harvest and winter flooding accounts for up to two‐thirds of phosphorus (P) losses in drainage waters. Consequently, use of P sorbing salts to treat pond water holds promise in the mitigation of P losses from cranberry farms. Laboratory evaluation of aluminum (Al)‐, iron (Fe)‐, and calcium (Ca)‐based salts was conducted to determine the application rate required for reducing P in shallow (0.4 m) and deep (3.2 m) water ponds used for cranberry production. Limited P removal (<22%) with calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate was consistent with their relatively low solubility in water. Calcium hydroxide reduced total P up to 49%, but increases in pond water pH (>8) could be detrimental to cranberry production. Ferric sulfate and aluminum sulfate applications of 15 mg L−1 (ppm) resulted in near‐complete removal of total P, which decreased from 49 ± 3 to <10 μg P L−1 (ppb). However, ferric sulfate application lowered pH below the recommend range for cranberry soils. Field testing of aluminum sulfate demonstrated that at a dose of 15 mg L−1 (∼1.4 Al mg L−1), total P in pond water was reduced by 78 to 94%. Laboratory and field experiments support the recommendation of aluminum sulfate as a cost‐effective remedial strategy for reducing elevated P in surface water used for cranberry production.Core Ideas
Cranberry farming is challenged by water quality regulations for phosphorus.
Five salts were applied to reduce P in pond water used for cranberry production.
Calcium, iron, and aluminum affected P solubility and pH of pond water differently.
Alum appears best suited to the task of removing P from cranberry pond waters.
Evaluation of the APEX Model to Simulate Runoff Quality from Agricultural Fields in the Southern Region of the United States
Authors: Ramirez‐Avila John J. , Radcliffe David E. , Osmond Deanna , Bolster Carl , Sharpley Andrew , Ortega‐Achury Sandra L. , Forsberg Adam , Oldham J. Larry 
Published: November 2017

The Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model has been widely applied to assess phosphorus (P) loss in runoff water and has been proposed as a model to support practical decisions regarding agricultural P management, as well as a model to evaluate tools such as the P Index. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of APEX to simulate P losses from agricultural systems to determine its potential use for refinement or replacement of the P Index in the southern region of the United States. Uncalibrated and calibrated APEX model predictions were compared against measured water quality data from row crop fields in North Carolina and Mississippi and pasture fields in Arkansas and Georgia. Calibrated models satisfactorily predicted event‐based surface runoff volumes at all sites (Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency [NSE] > 0.47, |percent bias [PBIAS]| < 34) except Arkansas (NSE < 0.11, |PBIAS| < 50) but did not satisfactory simulate sediment, dissolved P, or total P losses in runoff water. The APEX model tended to underestimate dissolved and total P losses from fields where manure was surface applied. The model also overestimated sediments and total P loads during irrigation events. We conclude that the capability of APEX to predict sediment and P losses is limited, and consequently so is the potential for using APEX to make P management recommendations to improve P Indices in the southern United States.Core Ideas
Calibrated APEX reasonably predicted runoff in no‐tillage and conventional tillage fields.
APEX was unsatisfactory in predicting sediment losses, especially from pasture fields.
P loss was inadequately predicted, especially in fields with surface applied manure.
Adding a surface manure P pool to APEX could improve P model predictions.
Improving P model predictions allow it to be used to refine southern region P Indices.
Integrated Crop‐Livestock Systems and Water Quality in the Northern Great Plains: Review of Current Practices and Future Research Needs
Authors: Faust Derek R. , Kumar Sandeep , Archer David W. , Hendrickson John R. , Kronberg Scott L. , Liebig Mark A. 
Published: November 2017

Integrated crop‐livestock systems hold potential to achieve environmentally sustainable production of crop and livestock products. Although previous studies suggest that integrated crop‐livestock systems improve soil health, impacts of integrated crop‐livestock systems on water quality and aquatic ecosystems are largely unknown. This review (i) summarizes studies examining surface water quality and soil leachate for management practices commonly used in integrated crop‐livestock systems (e.g., no‐till, cover crops, livestock grazing) with emphasis on the Northern Great Plains ecoregion of North America, (ii) quantifies management system effects on nutrient and total suspended solids concentrations and loads, and (iii) identifies information gaps regarding water quality associated with integrated crop‐livestock systems and research needs in this area. In general, management practices used in integrated crop‐livestock systems reduced losses of total suspended solids, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in surface runoff and soil leachate. However, certain management practices (e.g., no‐till or reduced tillage) reduced losses of total N (relative median change = −65%), whereas soluble P losses in runoff increased (57%). Conversely, practices such as grazing increased median total suspended solids (22%), nitrate (45%), total N (85%), and total P (25%) concentrations and loads in surface runoff and aquatic ecosystems. An improved understanding of the interactive effects of integrated crop‐livestock management practices on surface water quality and soil leachate under current and future climate scenarios is urgently needed. To close this knowledge gap, future studies should focus on determining concentrations and loads of total suspended solids, N, P, and organic carbon in runoff and soil leachate from integrated crop‐livestock systems.Core Ideas
Integrated crop‐livestock (ICL) systems may improve agricultural sustainability.
Water quality outcomes from ICL systems, however, are largely undocumented.
Published research on effects of ICL systems on water quality was reviewed.
ICL management practices generally reduced losses of suspended solids and nutrients.
Greater emphasis should be placed on collection of water quality data in ICL systems.
The Promise, Practice, and State of Planning Tools to Assess Site Vulnerability to Runoff Phosphorus Loss
Authors: Kleinman P. J. A. , Sharpley A. N. , Buda A. R. , Easton Z. M. , Lory J. A. , Osmond D. L. , Radcliffe D. E. , Nelson N. O. , Veith T. L. , Doody D. G. 
Published: November 2017

Over the past 20 yr, there has been a proliferation of phosphorus (P) site assessment tools for nutrient management planning, particularly in the United States. The 19 papers that make up this special section on P site assessment include decision support tools ranging from the P Index to fate‐and‐transport models to weather‐forecast‐based risk calculators. All require objective evaluation to ensure that they are effective in achieving intended benefits to protecting water quality. In the United States, efforts have been underway to compare, evaluate, and advance an array of P site assessment tools. Efforts to corroborate their performance using water quality monitoring data confirms previously documented discrepancies between different P site assessment tools but also highlights a surprisingly strong performance of many versions of the P Index as a predictor of water quality. At the same time, fate‐and‐transport models, often considered to be superior in their prediction of hydrology and water quality due to their complexity, reveal limitations when applied to site assessment. Indeed, one consistent theme from recent experience is the need to calibrate highly parameterized models. As P site assessment evolves, so too do routines representing important aspects of P cycling and transport. New classes of P site assessment tools are an opportunity to move P site assessment from general, strategic goals to web‐based tools supporting daily, operational decisions.Core Ideas
Corroboration of decision support tools for controlling phosphorus loss is limited.
Phosphorus Index is often better related to water quality than fate‐and‐transport models.
New site assessment tools for phosphorus must undergo rigorous verification.
Informed calibration of fate and transport models often improves model performance.
Care must be taken not to overparameterize fate‐and‐transport models.
Growth and Transpiration Responses of Elephantgrass and Energycane to Soil Drying
Authors: Liang Xi , Erickson John E. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Rowland Diane L. , Silveira Maria L. , Vermerris Wilfred 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTElephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) and energycane (Saccharum spp.) are promising perennial bioenergy crops in the southeastern United States. Despite plentiful rainfall in this region, these perennial grasses have a long growing season and are subject to intermittent drying cycles frequently during summer and fall, yet there is little information on their response to intermittent drought stress. The objectives of this study were to investigate water relations of elephantgrass and energycane genotypes under optimal water inputs and in response to progressive soil drying. Three elephantgrass genotypes (‘UF‐1’, ‘Merkeron’, and ‘PI‐300086’) and three energycane genotypes (‘L79‐1002’, ‘US84‐1047’, and ‘875‐3’) were grown in a greenhouse. Under well‐watered conditions, elephantgrass and energycane exhibited similar daily and total water use, but energycane possessed greater average daily transpiration per unit leaf area (EAVE,leaf) and lower shoot transpiration efficiency (TEshoot) than elephantgrass. Consistent with EAVE, leaf, energycane demonstrated higher stomatal conductance than elephantgrass, but lower assimilation to transpiration ratio (A/T). Among all genotypes, UF‐1 elephantgrass exhibited relatively high A/T, shoot mass production, and TEshoot. In response to progressive soil drying, elephantgrass genotypes closed their stomata at a lower fraction of transpirable soil water and produced higher shoot mass during the drying cycle than energycane genotypes. The different plant water use patterns indicated a species difference in the sensitivity to mild drought stress and could be correlated with their stomatal density and size. The results from this study indicated that elephantgrass is more suited to the frequent mild drought stress between rainfall events common during summer in the southeastern United States.
Resilience in Forage and Grazinglands
Authors: Tracy B. F. , Foster J. L. , Butler T. J. , Islam M. A. , Toledo D. , Vendramini J. M. B. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe current reality of population growth, resource scarcity, and climate change requires resilient agroecosystems to sustain food production and protect the environment. This manuscript reflects a combined effort of speakers at the 2017 C6 Forage and Grazinglands Division Symposium, which was titled “Resiliency in Forage and Grazinglands.” The symposium brought together speakers representing a diverse cross‐section of forage systems across the United States. Each speaker discussed resilience‐related topics from their specific region, including: the importance of diversity and use of complementary forages in grazing systems, how grazing and defoliation affect resilience, the importance of soil fertility and pest management, and development of decision aids to evaluate resilience in grazinglands. Several themes emerged that we propose would help improve the resilience of forage and grazingland systems: (i) identifying moderately diverse, site‐specific mixtures (grasses–legumes) for use in specific regions of the United States, (ii) greater use of complementary forage species such as C3 and C4 grasses to lengthen the grazing season and provide a buffer against weather variation, (iii) adoption of moderate defoliation intensities to help stabilize forage production and species composition, (iv) more attention to maintaining and improving soil fertility to improve the productivity of desirable forage species and reduce weed pressure, and (v) increase adoption of assessment tools to evaluate the relative “health” and potential resilience of forage‐livestock systems. An integrative management approach that combines many of these elements would help improve the resilience of forage and grazinglands to sustain high productivity under increasingly erratic and extreme weather.
Rainfall Erosivity: An Overview of Methodologies and Applications
Authors: Yin Shuiqing , Nearing Mark A. , Borrelli Pasquale , Xue Xiaochan 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
The R factor was developed in the various versions of the USLE.
Research on rainfall erosivity estimation methods, mapping, and temporal trends is summarized.
The RUSLE underestimates R factor values by about 10%.
Three approaches for developing erosivity maps are identified.
The rainfall erosivity factor (R factor) is one of six erosion factors in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), which together reflect the combined effects that cause soil loss by rill and interrill erosion on hillslopes by precipitation. It is defined as the summation of event EI30 (the product of kinetic energy and maximum 30‐min intensity) over a year and calculated based on rainfall hyetograph data. The R factor was developed in the various versions of the USLE, including the definition of the individual event and the criterion for selecting events used in the calculation, the equation used to estimate the unit kinetic energy from the rainfall intensity, the estimation of erosivity from the snowmelt and thaw, and erosivity mapping. Most research on rainfall erosivity deals with any of three aspects: developing estimation methods for deriving erosivity from courser resolution rainfall data (such as daily, monthly, and annual) but with greater spatial and temporal coverages than those from hyetograph data; preparing erosivity maps including those for annual average, monthly, and 10‐yr recurrence erosivity; and documenting temporal trends in erosivity. Rainfall erosivity research on these three aspects is summarized to provide a greater understanding of the R factor.
A Biomarker Combining Imaging and Neuropsychological Assessment for Tracking Early Alzheimer's Disease in Clinical Trials
Authors: Verma Nishant , Beretvas S. Natasha , Pascual Belen , Masdeu Joseph C. , Markey Mia K. , The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative  
Published: November 2017

Background:
Combining optimized cognitive (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-
Cognitive subscale, ADAS-Cog) and atrophy markers of Alzheimer's disease for tracking progression in
clinical trials may provide greater sensitivity than currently used methods, which have yielded negative
results in multiple recent trials. Furthermore, it is critical to clarify the relationship among the subcomponents
yielded by cognitive and imaging testing, to address the symptomatic and anatomical variability
of Alzheimer's disease.

Method:
Using latent variable analysis, we thoroughly investigated the relationship between cognitive
impairment, as assessed on the ADAS-Cog, and cerebral atrophy. A biomarker was developed for Alzheimer's
clinical trials that combines cognitive and atrophy markers.

Results:
Atrophy within specific brain regions was found to be closely related with impairment in cognitive
domains of memory, language, and praxis. The proposed biomarker showed significantly better sensitivity
in tracking progression of cognitive impairment than the ADAS-Cog in simulated trials and a
real world problem. The biomarker also improved the selection of MCI patients (78.8±4.9% specificity
at 80% sensitivity) that will evolve to Alzheimer's disease for clinical trials.

Conclusion:
The proposed biomarker provides a boost to the efficacy of clinical trials focused in the
mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage by significantly improving the sensitivity to detect treatment
effects and improving the selection of MCI patients that will evolve to Alzheimer’s disease.
Enhanced Phosphorylation of Bax and Its Translocation into Mitochondria in the Brains of Individuals Affiliated with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Henderson L.E. , Abdelmegeed M.A. , Yoo S.H. , Rhee S.G. , Zhu X. , Smith M.A. , Nguyen R.Q. , Perry G. , Song B.J. 
Published: November 2017

Background:Despite increased neuronal death, senile plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles observed in patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the detailed mechanism of cell death in AD is still poorly understood.Method:We hypothesized that p38 kinase activates and then phosphorylates Bax, leading to its translocation to mitochondria in AD brains compared to controls. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of p38 kinase in phosphorylation and sub-cellular localization of pro-apoptotic Bax in the frontal cortex of the brains from AD and control subjects. Increased oxidative stress in AD individuals compared to control was evaluated by measuring the levels of carbonylated proteins and oxidized peroxiredoxin, an antioxidant enzyme. The relative amounts of p38 kinase and phospho-Bax in mitochondria in AD brains and controls were determined by immunoblot analysis using the respective antibody against each protein following immunoprecipitation.Results:Our results showed that the levels of oxidized peroxiredoxin-SO3and carbonylated proteins are significantly elevated in AD brains compared to controls, demonstrating the increased oxidative stress.Conclusion:The amount of phospho-p38 kinase is increased in AD brains and the activated p38 kinase appears to phosphorylate Thr residue(s) of Bax, which leads to its mitochondrial translocation, contributing to apoptosis and ultimately, neurodegeneration.
Orthodontic Treatment Timing and Modalities in Anterior Open Bite: Case Series Study
Authors: Al Hamadi Wisam , Saleh Fayez , Kaddouha Mohamad 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to present early and adult cases of anterior open bite that were treated efficiently using different treatment approaches and mechanics.

Materials and Methods:
Five patients of different age groups (from 7 to 27 years), suffering from a clear Anterior open bite deformity, were properly diagnosed and relevant treatment modality for each was selected.

Results:
Positive overbite was efficiently achieved for all patients.

Conclusion:
Patient compliance is a key factor in using removable habit breakers. However, fixed palatal crib gave the same results but in shorter time. Anterior open bite of skeletal components should be thoroughly evaluated before selecting camouflage or orthognathic surgery treatment modality.
TENDENCIA DE INVESTIGACIÓN CONTABLE EN COLOMBIA: TEORÍA O PRÁCTICA, UNA MIRADA DESDE LAS REVISTAS CONTABLES COLOMBIANAS 2011 A 2015
Authors: Beltran Jenny Paola Beltran , González Feliciano Luis Alfonso 
Published: November 2017

El presente documento pretende identificar la tendencia de investigación en Colombia; teoría y práctica, a partir de la revisión entre el 2011 a 2015 de las revistas indexadas, relacionando temas de las ciencias económicas, administrativas y contables, los cuales abordan temas relacionados a las líneas de investigación en contabilidad. En este sentido, lo que se pretende demostrar a partir del desarrollo del documento es hacia cual tendencia está mas inclinada la investigación contable en Colombia; sí esta encaminada a desarrollo de fundamentos teóricos de la ciencia contable o sí en definitiva se relaciona a temas de carácter aplicado o práctico, dando solución desde la contabilidad a problemáticas de carácter social y empresarial.
Memoria y subjetividad: una relación discontinua entre narrativa y temporalidad para la enunciación del sujeto colectivo
Authors: Sepulveda Alejandro 
Published: November 2017

La relación memoria, narrativa y temporalidad para la construcción de subjetividades colectivas no se inscribe necesariamente en el tiempo cronológico de la modernidad. Las múltiples tramas que engranan la posibilidad de una narrativa que se alimenta de la relación entre historia y ficción, permiten la enunciación de las identidades que dan cuenta de una invención del pasado, desde la constitución de un yo, que narra y que está permeado por el juego subjetivo, para dar cuenta de una experiencia que se transmite a partir del relato. Para problematizar el lugar de estas relaciones, se acude a los adelantos del trabajo de investigación con el proceso organizativo Loma Sur, que tiene como intención revisar los acumulados históricos en sus prácticas edu-comunicativas y que permite establecer estas relaciones entre distintas temporalidades y la afirmación de unas identidades constitutivas del sujeto colectivo a partir de la memoria.
Proyectos pedagógicos como aproximación a la investigación
Authors: Barrantes Raúl 
Published: November 2017

Aquí se presenta una síntesis de la experiencia desarrollada por el Programa de Ingreso al Escalafón -PIE- en Uniminuto, donde se les propone a los profesionales vinculados la elaboración de un trabajo de grado después de tomarlos cursos de pedagogía y de énfasis en tecnología. Con la presente socialización se hacen explícitos los criterios de clasificación de dichos trabajos, los cuales son entendidos como ejercicios investigativos. A éstos, por ser parte de una actividad propia del maestro se les denomina proyectos pedagógicos, concepto que se analiza y explica detalladamente. Se trata de mostrar tanto lo que no es como lo que es un proyecto pedagógico y cuál es el tránsito entre la programación de actividades y la cultura de los proyectos, pues en los últimos años se ha transferido a las instituciones y regiones la responsabilidad de pensar su intencionalidad educativa bajo la forma de Proyectos Educativos Institucionales.