bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migratory diversity predicts population declines in birds
Authors: Gilroy James J. , Gill Jennifer A. , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Jones Victoria R. , Franco Aldina M. A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDeclines in migratory species are a pressing concern worldwide, but the mechanisms underpinning these declines are not fully understood. We hypothesised that species with greater within‐population variability in migratory movements and destinations, here termed ‘migratory diversity’, might be more resilient to environmental change. To test this, we related map‐based metrics of migratory diversity to recent population trends for 340 European breeding birds. Species that occupy larger non‐breeding ranges relative to breeding, a characteristic we term ‘migratory dispersion’, were less likely to be declining than those with more restricted non‐breeding ranges. Species with partial migration strategies (i.e. overlapping breeding and non‐breeding ranges) were also less likely to be declining than full migrants or full residents, an effect that was independent of migration distance. Recent rates of advancement in Europe‐wide spring arrival date were greater for partial migrants than full migrants, suggesting that migratory diversity may also help facilitate species responses to climate change.
Non‐motor symptoms in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by SPG4 mutations
Authors: Servelhere K. R. , Faber I. , Saute J. A. M. , Moscovich M. , D'Abreu A. , Jardim L. B. , Teive H. A. G. , Lopes‐Cendes I. , Franca M. C. 
Published: January 2016

Background and purposeNon‐motor manifestations are frequently overlooked in degenerative disorders and little is known about their frequency and clinical relevance in SPG4 hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG4‐HSP).MethodsThirty patients with SPG4‐HSP and 30 healthy controls answered the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Brief Pain Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. Student's t test was used to compare groups and linear regression was used to assess correlations.ResultsPatients had higher fatigue scores than controls (31.0 ± 16.5 vs. 14.5 ± 16.0, P = 0.002) as well as pain (3.4 ± 2.7 vs. 1.0 ± 1.6, P = 0.001) and depression (12.7 ± 8.9 vs. 4.4 ± 3.8, P < 0.001, respectively). Fatigue was associated with depression and possibly with disease severity (P = 0.008 and 0.07, respectively).ConclusionsFatigue, pain and depression are frequent and often severe manifestations in patients with SPG4‐HSP.
Quantitation of intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis – a new empirical formula
Authors: Auer M. , Hegen H. , Zeileis A. , Deisenhammer F. 
Published: January 2016

Background and purposeIntrathecal immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis occurs in various chronic inflammatory neurological diseases. Different formulae have been developed for quantitative determination of Ig synthesis within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartment. The hyperbolic formula of Reiber is frequently used which, however, returns a considerable number of false positive results in empirical observations.MethodsA computerized database of more than 19 000 paired CSF and serum samples was screened for patients presumed negative for local Ig synthesis and a new formula characterizing this collective was calculated. The validity of this formula was confirmed by several validation steps.ResultsA cohort of 1173 patients with normal CSF findings was used for quantile regression. The 97.5th quantile of the formula was considered as the cut‐off curve for intrathecal Ig synthesis using different constants a and b for IgG, IgA and IgM. Compared to the Reiber formula, a lower level of false positive results was produced especially for IgM and IgA which was confirmed in a separate clinically well defined validation cohort. In 77 patients with discrepant findings between Reiber and our formula no specific diagnoses were found confirming the low diagnostic value of borderline Ig synthesis.ConclusionsA new approximation formula was developed for determination of intrathecal Ig synthesis which produces fewer false positive results without reducing diagnostic sensitivity.
The impact of non‐motor symptoms on the quality of life of Parkinson's disease patients: a longitudinal study
Authors: Prakash K. M. , Nadkarni N. V. , Lye W.‐K. , Yong M.‐H. , Tan E.‐K. 
Published: January 2016

Background and purposeNon‐motor symptoms (NMSs) are common amongst patients with Parkinson's disease (PD); however, little is known about their influence on the health‐related quality of life (QoL) over a defined follow‐up period. The study was aimed to establish the impact of NMSs on the QoL of patients with PD over a 2‐year follow‐up period.MethodA total of 227 newly referred PD patients were prospectively recruited between 2013 and 2014. The Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale was used to evaluate NMSs burden whilst QoL was assessed with the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire‐39 items. Motor disabilities were assessed using the Part III (motor) Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRSm).ResultsThe mean age was 64.37 (10.18) years; 59.9% were males and a majority (89.0%) were ethnic Chinese. Almost 65% were unemployed and 84.6% had attained no more than secondary level of education. In the univariate analysis, total NMSs burden, age, gender, subsequent visit, Hoehn and Yahr staging, disease duration and UPDRSm score were individually predictive of change in the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire Summary Index score from baseline to follow‐up visit. However, in the multivariate analysis, total NMSs burden significantly predicted the QoL scores whilst motor scores did not. Specifically, NMS domains 2 (sleep/fatigue), 3 (mood/apathy) and 5 (attention/memory) were most significantly predictive of QoL change.ConclusionUnlike motor disabilities, NMSs burden, in particular sleep, mood and attention, have a significant impact on the QoL of PD patients over a 2‐year follow‐up period.
Morphology and distribution of ovipositor sensilla of female cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and evidence for gustatory function
Authors: Seada Mervat A. , Ignell Rickard , Anderson Peter 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe ovipositor of Spodoptera littoralis has many sensilla, which implies a distinct sensory function of this organ in the assessment of the egg laying substrates and placement of eggs. The ovipositor is composed of two papillae densely packed with sensilla. Scanning electron microscopy showed that there are four categories of sensilla chaetica (s. chaetica), characterized based on differences in distribution, length and morphology, distributed on each papilla: Type I with 69 ± 2.9 sensilla on each papilla (length: 29–163 μm) distributed at the base; Type II with 19 ± 1.8 sensilla (length: 287–446 μm) distributed medially; Type III with 120 ± 7.8 sensilla (length: 62–156 μm) distributed distally; and Type IV 8 ± 0.9 sensilla (length: 72–91 μm) scattered between Type III sensilla. The structure of s. chaetica Types I–III suggests a mechanosensory function, whereas electrophysiological analysis of s. chaetica Type IV showed responses from four gustatory neurons and one mechanosensory neuron. Of the chemoreceptive neurons, one responded to salt, one to the secondary compound caffeine, one to sugars, mainly sucrose and fructose, and lastly one potentially to water. Behavioral studies are needed to verify the role of these sensilla during choice of oviposition site.
Occurrence and genetics of black‐eyed migratory locusts, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: Nishide Yudai , Tanaka Seiji 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBlack‐eyed Locusta migratoria appeared in albino locusts as a result of crossing between a short‐winged strain originating from Tsushima Island, Japan, and an albino strain originating from Okinawa Island. The black eye trait was recessive to the white eye trait because the crosses between black‐ and white‐eyed albino locusts produced only individuals with white eyes in the F1 generation. In the F2 generation, black‐ and white‐eyed individuals appeared in a ratio of 1:3, indicating that the black eye trait was controlled by a simple Mendelian unit. The black eye trait showed no genetic association with other traits including wing morph, adult body dimensions and classical morphometric ratios such as hind femur length / head width and forewing length / hind femur length.
Differences in prey capture in semiaquatic bugs (Heteroptera:Gerromorpha)
Authors: Ditrich Tomáš , Papáček Miroslav 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFeeding behavior has been investigated several times in different semiaquatic bugs (Heteroptera:Gerromorpha), but has never been directly compared between species from lentic and lotic habitats and different families. Time required to capture prey was investigated in five gerromorphan species:Aquarius paludum,Gerris lacustris,G. odontogaster(Gerridae),Velia capraiandV. gridellii(Veliidae). This experiment used live and dead prey and intact and artificially blinded bugs. The presence of vibrational stimuli (live prey) significantly decreased latency to capture prey in all species exceptG. odontogaster. This species was the only one where visual stimuli affected the response significantly (only with dead prey). Latency to capture inVeliaspp. was significantly shorter than that in the three gerrid species. Capture efficiency differed significantly betweenGerrisandVeliaspp.; bothVeliaspecies carried out unsuccessful attack attempts less frequently than did theGerrisspecies. Prey capture was quicker in treatments with live prey and/or intact bugs. No difference in capture efficiency was found between sexes.AquariusandGerrisspecies from predominantly lentic habitats needed more time to capture prey than didVeliaspecies, which live mostly in streams. This difference in feeding behavior can probably allow coexistence of gerrids and veliids at sites where their occurrence overlaps.
Success of a large riverine cyprinid smallmouth yellowfish Labeobarbus aeneus in a southern African impoundment
Authors: Ellender B. R. , Weyl O. L. F. , Winker H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRheophilic cyprinids have been detrimentally affected by impoundments, which alter flow regimes, the physical environment and block migration routes. Initial evidence for a southern African cyprinid, smallmouth yellowfish Labeobarbus aeneus, suggested that dependence on riverine spawning areas limits their success within the turbid impoundments of the Orange River system. However, well‐established impoundment populations have since been documented. A comprehensive assessment of L. aeneus biology and population dynamics was undertaken to understand the drivers of successful colonisation in Lake Gariep, South Africa's largest impoundment. Labeobarbus aeneus exhibited slow growth, delayed maturity and longevity, most likely resulting in slow population growth rates. Highest adult and juvenile abundances were observed >100 km from the inflowing Orange River during the peak and post‐spawning seasons, respectively, suggesting that the species displays high ecological plasticity and may not be dependent on inflowing rivers for spawning. Meta‐analyses of life history parameters indicated consistency among riverine and lacustrine populations. Although experiencing an initial lag phase, L. aeneus has successfully adapted to the lacustrine environment.
Surface Antigen Profiling of Helicobacter pylori‐Infected and ‐Uninfected Gastric Cancer Cells Using Antibody Microarray
Authors: Sukri Asif , Hanafiah Alfizah , Kosai Nik Ritza , Mohamed Taher Mustafa , Mohamed Rose Isa 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundComprehensive immunophenotyping cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens in gastric adenocarcinoma, specifically between Helicobacter pylori‐infected and ‐uninfected gastric cancer patients by using DotScan™ antibody microarray has not been conducted. Current immunophenotyping techniques include flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry are limited to the use of few antibodies for parallel examination. We used DotScan™ antibody microarray consisting 144 CD antibodies to determine the distribution of CD antigens in gastric adenocarcinoma cells and to elucidate the effect of H. pylori infection toward CD antigen expression in gastric cancer.MethodsMixed leukocytes population derived from gastric adenocarcinoma patients were immunophenotyped using DotScan™ antibody microarray. AGS cells were infected with H. pylori strains and cells were captured on DotScan™ slides.ResultsCluster of differentiation antigens involved in perpetuating the tolerance of immune cells to tumor cells was upregulated in gastric adenocarcinoma cells compared to normal cells. CD279 which is essential in T cells apoptosis was found to be upregulated in normal cells. Remarkably, H. pylori‐infected gastric cancer patients exhibited upregulated expression of CD27 that important in maintenance of T cells. Infection of cagA+ H. pylori with AGS cells increased CD antigens expression which involved in cancer stem cell while cagA− H. pylori polarized AGS cells to express immune‐regulatory CD antigens. Increased CD antigens expression in AGS cells infected with cagA+ H. pylori were also detected in H. pylori‐infected gastric cancer patients.ConclusionThis study suggests the tolerance of immune system toward tumor cells in gastric cancer and distinct mechanisms of immune responses exploited by different H. pylori strains.
Rifabutin Containing Triple Therapy and Rifabutin with Bismuth Containing Quadruple Therapy for Third‐Line Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Two Pilot Studies
Authors: Ciccaglione Antonio Francesco , Tavani Roberta , Grossi Laurino , Cellini Luigina , Manzoli Lamberto , Marzio Leonardo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the therapeutic gain of the addition of bismuth to a rifabutin containing triple therapy with amoxicillin and pantoprazole at standard dosages for the treatment of third‐line Helicobacter pylori infection after a preliminary susceptibility test.MethodsTwo separate groups of patients in two pilot studies which were carried out simultaneously. One group was treated with rifabutin 150 mg b.i.d., pantoprazole 20 mg b.i.d., and amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. for 10 days and the other group with rifabutin 150 mg b.i.d., pantoprazole 20 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d., and bismuth subcitrate 240 mg b.i.d. for 10 days. All patients underwent to culture and susceptibility testing prior to their inclusion in the study. A successful outcome was confirmed with an Urea Breath test performed 8 weeks after the end of treatment. A blood cell count was performed for all patients at the start and after 5 days of treatment since rifabutin has been shown to inhibit the growth of leucocytes.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients were recruited in the pantoprazole, amoxicillin, rifabutin group and 30 in the pantoprazole, amoxicillin, rifabutin, and bismuth subcitrate group. All patients had a positive H. pylori culture and the susceptibility test used showed H. pylori sensitivity to rifabutin and amoxicillin. H. pylori eradication during follow‐up was 18/27 (66.7%, 95% CI: 47.7–85.7%) in the pantoprazole, amoxicillin, rifabutin group and 28/29 (96.6%, 95% CI: 89.5–100.0%) in the pantoprazole, amoxicillin, rifabutin, and bismuth subcitrate group. Both treatments were well‐tolerated with no reported side effects. Blood cell count remained normal in all patients.ConclusionThe addition of bismuth subcitrate to a triple therapy that includes proton pump inhibitors, amoxicillin, and rifabutin in patients who are treated for the third time for H. pylori infection resulted in a 30% therapeutic gain.
Environmental activism and consumers’ perceived responsibility
Authors: Paço Arminda , Gouveia Rodrigues Ricardo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe growing importance of environmentalism trends have led to a significant rise in environmentally friendly consumers’ attitudes and behaviours who thereby demonstrate their collective strength through both their individual buying decisions and their involvement in social movements, as is the case of the environmental activism. This activism extends to include a set of environmental behaviours spanning environmental group membership, involvement in political action and/or in environmental organisations, influencing policy or management decisions and engaging in pro‐environmental protection behaviours. The more citizens become aware of their own role in the problem of environmental degradation, the more willing they prove to become part of the solution. High levels of individual Perceived Environmental Responsibility (PER) may foster the more environmentally friendly attitudes and behaviours that lead to Environmental Activism (EA). Thus, the purpose of this research is precisely to discuss the relationship between PER and EA, and whether gender proves a significant factor in predicting PER and EA. For a sample of Portuguese consumers, who consented to participating in the research, we studied the predisposition towards EA by applying a questionnaire administered in the form of a personal interview. The results indicate that despite the perceived environmental responsibility observed, individuals present only low levels of environmental activism and civic participation in environmental causes. However, for the small percentage of individuals belonging to an environmental organisation, we do verify that EA ran higher among those reporting Environmental Group Membership (EGM). We additionally observe how PER might prove a predictor of EA even though the model applied to test this relationship only explained a small proportion of the variance in EA levels and hence requiring further research into the factors influencing EA. As regard gender, while women display similar levels of EA to men, they also report significantly higher PER than men.
Ecological Themes in Evangelii Gaudium, Together towards Life, and The Cape Town Commitment for Fraternity with God's Creation
Authors: Choi Kwang Sun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to explore the Christian response to the current ecological crisis by examining three statements using a method of theological reflection: Evangelii Gaudium (EG), Together towards Life (TTL), and The Cape Town Commitment (CTC). The three statements request Christians’ care for creation, which is now threatened. In contemplating the ecological crisis, the three statements call attention to the widespread abuse and destruction of the Earth due to an economic system that accelerates consumerism and human greed. To overcome this ecological crisis, Pope Francis recalls the joy of the gospel overflowing from the Trinity; TTL and CTC echo this, drawing their faith tradition from the Trinity with widening understanding of God who is creator, redeemer, and sustainer. The three statements also identify the rest of creation as the new poor in order to recall that the suffering of the poor and the suffering of the earth are one, inseparable from the suffering of Jesus. Finally, this study examines the three statements in relation to the spirituality of ecological themes. In particular, EG and TTL discern a false spirituality that is a form of individualism and a theology of prosperity, but suggest a spirituality that is referred to as either transformative spirituality or mystical fraternity. The study concludes that it is time to turn to the cosmological dimension of spirituality and theology for fraternity with God's creation and the future of the earth community.
Effective treatment for sensitive skin: 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol and licochalcone A
Authors: Sulzberger M. , Worthmann A.‐C. , Holtzmann U. , Buck B. , Jung K.A. , Schoelermann A.M. , Rippke F. , Stäb F. , Wenck H. , Neufang G. , Grönniger E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundMore than 50% of adults report to suffer from sensitive skin. This common condition is characterized by subjective sensations such as prickling, burning, skin tightness or pruritus, and is often accompanied by objective symptoms like inflammation and erythema.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop an active ingredient concept for the treatment of sensitive skin. We tested compounds regarding their potential to (i) decrease the release of proinflammatory mediators, which among others induce erythema and (ii) counteract the hyperresponsiveness of nerve fibres and, thus, exert effects on cutaneous neurosensory dysfunction.Methods4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol, licochalcone A and acetyl dipeptide‐1 cetyl ester were analysed in vitro regarding their potential to (i) decrease the release of PGE2 and activation of NFκB and to (ii) inhibit TRPV1 activation or the release of neuronal CGRP. To assess subjective and objective symptoms of skin sensitivity in vivo, two controlled, single‐blind, randomized studies were conducted with 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol and the combination with licochalcone A.ResultsIn vitro, 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol significantly reduced TRPV1 activation, while acetyl dipeptide‐1 cetyl ester had no effect on receptor activation. Licochalcone A significantly decreased NFκB signalling and PGE2 secretion, at lower concentrations than acetyl dipeptide‐1 cetyl ester. A formulation containing 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol showed a significant immediate anti‐stinging/anti‐burning effect in vivo, and a cream base containing a combination of 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol and a licochalcone A‐rich licorice extract reduced shaving‐induced erythema.ConclusionIn vitro and in vivo data indicate that the combination of the TRPV1 antagonist 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol and the potent anti‐inflammatory licochalcone A provide an effective active ingredient concept for the treatment of sensitive skin, as the topical application resulted in an immediate relief from symptoms such as erythema and stinging.
Comparison of skin calming effects of cosmetic products containing 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol or acetyl dipeptide‐1 cetyl ester on capsaicin‐induced facial stinging in volunteers with sensitive skin
Authors: Schoelermann A.M. , Jung K.A. , Buck B. , Grönniger E. , Conzelmann S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess and compare the skin calming effect of cosmetic products containing 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol (Eucerin® UltraSensitive Soothing Care Dry Skin) or acetyl dipeptide‐1 cetyl ester (La Roche‐Posay Toleriane® Ultra Intense Soothing Care) on subjective symptoms of skin sensitivity, a controlled, single‐blind, randomized split‐face capsaicin‐induced stinging test was conducted.MethodsThirty‐one female test subjects, ranging from 19 to 65 years of age, with self‐perceived sensitive to very sensitive skin were enrolled. After a 3‐day preconditioning period with no application of facial products and positive reaction to stimulation with a 40 ppm capsaicin cream, the test products were randomly applied to either the right or left nasolabial fold. Burning severity was assessed immediately after capsaicin application, and 1, 2, 5, 10 and 15 min after application of the test products.ResultsAll 31 subjects reported a stinging/burning sensation on both nasolabial folds after application of capsaicin. Treatment with the 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol containing product resulted in significant lower values for burning/stinging after one, and two minutes post‐application in comparison to the values for the acetyl dipeptide‐1 cetyl ester containing product. No significant difference was determined between the two test products for the point in time with most intense burning sensation, the severity of burning and the duration of burning after capsaicin application and subsequent application of the test products.ConclusionBoth products alleviated capsaicin‐induced burning during the first 15 min after application. A faster and more pronounced soothing effect in vivo was demonstrated for the 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanol containing cosmetic product in comparison to the acetyl dipeptide‐1 cetyl ester containing cosmetic formulation.