bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety among patients with diabetes mellitus evaluated using generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale
Authors: Thour Amit , Nagra Ramninder , Gosal Arunjeet , Sehrawat Tejasav , Das Subhash , Gupta Yashdeep 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background: Anxiety has been shown to be associated with poor outcomes in people with diabetes. However, there has been limited data, especially from India, which has specifically examined whether diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased likelihood of comorbid anxiety.
Aim: The aim was to estimate the prevalence of anxiety in patients with diabetes and to determine the association of anxiety with age, sex, and other related parameters.
Setting: Endocrine clinic, tertiary care hospital.
Design: Cross-sectional.
Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional carried out in endocrinology clinic of tertiary care hospital in North India. Cases were patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus above 30 years of age. Anxiety was assessed using the generalized anxiety disorders 7-item (GADs-7) scale. The relationship with a sociodemographic profile, duration of diabetes, hypertension, and microvascular complications was also analyzed.
Results: Seventy-three subjects (42.5% females) with mean age 50.8 ± 9.2 years were evaluated. The prevalence of anxiety was 34%. Severe anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥15) was present in three (4%) subjects, moderate anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥10) was present in six (8%) subjects, and mild anxiety was present in 16 (22%) of subjects. Anxiety increased with fasting plasma glucose, hypertension, was more in women, but the differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a higher prevalence of anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes. No factor was significantly associated with anxiety. Therefore, anxiety should be assessed in each and every patient, irrespective of other factors.
Fish consumption and omega-3-fatty acids in prevention of diet-related noncommunicable diseases
Authors: Jacob Jubbin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDiet-related noncommunicable diseases (DR-NCDs) which include obesity, hypertension, lipid disorders, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular (CV) disease are more common among people of South Asian descent because of genetic and other poorly understood factors. Indians are also one of the lowest consumers of fish and shellfish in the world despite being blessed with an extensive coastline. Consumption of fatty fish and fish oils supplementation has been demonstrated to improve blood pressure, lipid profiles, and CV outcomes. Data are still unclear if there is any impact on glucose intolerance with increased consumption of fatty fish or use of fish oils and omega-3-fatty acid (O3FA) supplements. The review focuses on the mechanisms of improvements with O3FAs on various aspects of DR-NCDs and reviews of current clinical data.
Fighting cancer through an informed society
Authors: Mehta Prashant , Bhajoni Pranjit , Mehta Swati 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSocial perceptions play an extremely important role in the lives of cancer patients and survivors. Society is a machinery which can dictate the behavioral pattern of a patient, the kind of treatment he/she seeks or believes in, and the treatment he/she finally takes. Proper education of the society, in general, with regard to various aspects of cancer and its treatment can make things easier for patients, their families and the treating physicians alike. False social beliefs create unsurmountable hurdles for both patients and their families. When families of cancer patients visit a doctor, very often they tend to describe the experience of one or more of their close or distant family members with cancer. They start reliving the same experience if it was bad, or they may develop a false sense of security about the curability if it was good. In both situations, it becomes difficult for them to understand that each cancer is different from the other, cancer being a heterogenous disease. Moreover, what the patients and their families hear from friends and their social support system about cancer in general makes them depressed, anxious, and vulnerable. The information they get from the Internet and print media is mostly unregulated and may present extreme views which compound their problems. In this review, we have analyzed some of the common perceptions and myths which we come across in clinical practice and have presented scientific data to refute or support these beliefs wherever suitable.
Factoring digital health for improved outcomes in management of Non Communicable Diseases
Authors: Gupta Neera , Dixit Tushar , K. Vikram 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMake in India is a flagship campaign from the Government of India which is aimed at various sectors. Indian health-care system can take advantages by introducing digital technologies to health care. The possible uses of health information technology as a method to engage with people involving communicable and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are wide-ranging. Health information technology can support interventions for prevention, diagnosis, managing surveillance, disease monitoring, and treatment compliance of many conditions. Digital health can offer various technologies such as wearables that are tracked by various mobile or smartphone applications to facilitates patient engagement, self-monitoring, and implementing behavior changes in NCDs such as diabetes. By incorporating the interactive audiovisual items, the digital health tools can create greater interest and engage people from different geographies, age, gender, and culture. Currently, the common digital heath tech issues include hesitancy from doctors to adopt any new product or technology, difficulty in reaching and accessing the needy patients, cultural diversity in population, and inadequate infrastructure. The ethical issues of consent, data security, and privacy of patients need to be addressed as they are highly sensitive in nature.
Epidemiological study on cardiac emergencies in Indian states having GVK Emergency Management and Research Institute services
Authors: Ramana Rao G. , Rajanarsing Rao H. , Reddy G. , Prasad M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background: Emergency medical service (EMS) is critical for the healthcare system as it saves lives by providing care immediately. Rapid access to medical care after a major cardiovascular event decreases morbidity and mortality. GVK Emergency Management and Research Institute (GVK EMRI) is a pioneer in emergency management services operated as a public private partnership (PPP) with various state governments. GVK EMRI coordinates medical, fire, and police-related emergencies through a single toll-free number, 108, across 15 states and 2 union territories of India.
Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study of reported cases of cardiac emergencies in 2015 across 11 states with GVK EMRI services: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Assam, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand. Descriptive statistics using frequencies, proportions and means were calculated.
Results and Discussion: This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of cardiac emergencies presenting to GVK EMRI across 11 states in India in 2015. There were increased cases of cardiac emergencies reported by higher age group individual across all states. The mean age was reported between 43 years to 62 years across the states. In this study, men called EMS for cardiac emergencies more often than women, except in the state of Gujarat. A higher number of cardiac emergency cases were reported by individuals living below the poverty line in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Assam, and Goa. Often (82.8%) people called 108 greater than six hours of symptom onset. Variation in call volume per day was minimal between the days of the week. At 48 hours, there were 2,675 reported deaths (1.1%).
Conclusions: The current study stresses the scale and seriousness of the emerging challenge of cardiac emergencies, with particular emphasis on socioeconomic deprived groups in the operated states of GVK EMRI.
A informática na educação: o que revelam os trabalhos publicados no Brasil
Authors: Gutiérrez Posada Julién Esteban , Buchdid Samuel B. , C. Baranauskas M. Cecília 
Published: August 2016

A comunidade de informática na educação do Brasil, tem entre seus principais eventos o Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação (SBIE), o Workshop de Informática na Escola (WIE) e, nos últimos anos, o Congresso Brasileiro de Informática na Educação (CBIE) que atualmente reúne estes dois eventos. Além disso, a revista Brasileira de Informática na Educação (RBIE) tem reunido contribuições da comunidade científica na área ao longo dos anos. Ao analisar essas fontes na Internet, observamos que todos os trabalhos publicados são de livre acesso; no entanto, é difícil construir uma visão geral dos focos de cada uma destas fontes, identificar os autores mais ativos, e determinar a quantidade e o tamanho de suas redes de cooperação. Estas informações podem ser usadas, por exemplo, para identificar os temas que estão ganhando ou perdendo relevância em cada uma destas fontes ao longo do tempo, o grau de cooperação da comunidade e linhas gerais de seu perfil. Para uma visão geral dos temas presentes nas contribuições, e como ponto de partida de uma análise mais aprofundada, este artigo utiliza o poder expressivo de tagclouds sobre os títulos dos trabalhos, assim como sobre seus resumos. Os resultados permitiram construir um roteiro dentro do campo, que pode informar os pesquisadores e profissionais que estão iniciando trabalho em áreas afins e os especialistas que querem aprofundar conhecimento sobre o tema.
Realidade Aumentada e Gamificação na Educação: uma aplicação para auxiliar no processo de aprendizagem de alunos com deficiência intelectual
Authors: Colpani Rogério , Homem Murillo Rodrigo Petrucelli 
Published: August 2016

Atualmente, sabe-se que a tecnologia vem se tornando um instrumento cada vez mais importante em nossa cultura e, seu uso, um meio de inclusão e interação com o mundo, principalmente, às pessoas com deficiência. Diversos estudos vem sendo realizados explorando as especificidades da tecnologia de Realidade Aumentada e Gamificação. No entanto, a maioria estão voltados para o tratamento de pessoas com deficiência motora. Assim, esse artigo propõe o AR-G Atividades Educacionais, um aplicativo de Realidade Aumentada com Gamificação para auxiliar no processode aprendizagem de alunos com deficiência intelectual em geral. Os resultados quantitativos e qualitativos apontam que o aplicativo contribui para a melhoria de habilidades que, pelosmétodos tradicionais de ensino, utilizados até o momento pelos alunos, ainda não haviam sido melhoradas. É uma ferramenta de fácil aprendizagem e proporciona satisfação por parte dospotenciais usuários durante sua utilização. Quanto a material de aprendizagem, proporciona facilidade de construção de conhecimento individual ou coletiva e apresenta indícios de maior motivação por parte dos alunos durante a realização de suas atividades, além de um comportamento mais ativo dos mesmo.
Removal of excess polymer from a suspension containing hybrids of thermoresponsive polymer and carbon nanotubes using aggregation phenomenon
Authors: Izumi Katsuki , Kumashiro Yoshikazu , Oura Shusuke , Okano Teruo , Umemura Kazuo 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Hybrids of organic molecules and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are attractive candidates for nanobiodevices. The removal of organic molecules after dispersing the SWNTs in organic media is a significant step in the preparation of these hybrid suspensions. We investigated the aggregation phenomenon in hybrids of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and SWNTs. Our results indicate that the hybrids efficiently precipitated when a buffer or salt solution was added to the suspension at 25 °C. 4 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris–HCl) buffer was sufficient to precipitate the hybrids. Then, by repeated centrifugations and replacements of solvents, excess PNIPAAm molecules were efficiently removed from the suspension. Results of UV–vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) suggest that the PNIPAAm–SWNT hybrids retained their hybridized structures even after the treatment process. However, the aggregation phenomenon was not observed at 4 °C.
Patch‐based iterative conditional geostatistical simulation using graph cuts
Authors: Li Xue , Mariethoz Gregoire , Lu DeTang , Linde Niklas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTraining image‐based geostatistical methods are increasingly popular in groundwater hydrology even if existing algorithms present limitations that often make real‐world applications difficult. These limitations include a computational cost that can be prohibitive for high‐resolution 3‐D applications, the presence of visual artifacts in the model realizations, and a low variability between model realizations due to the limited pool of patterns available in a finite‐size training image. In this paper, we address these issues by proposing an iterative patch‐based algorithm which adapts a graph cuts methodology that is widely used in computer graphics. Our adapted graph cuts method optimally cuts patches of pixel values borrowed from the training image and assembles them successively, each time accounting for the information of previously stitched patches. The initial simulation result might display artifacts, which are identified as regions of high cost. These artifacts are reduced by iteratively placing new patches in high‐cost regions. In contrast to most patch‐based algorithms, the proposed scheme can also efficiently address point conditioning. An advantage of the method is that the cut process results in the creation of new patterns that are not present in the training image, thereby increasing pattern variability. To quantify this effect, a new measure of variability is developed, the merging index, quantifies the pattern variability in the realizations with respect to the training image. A series of sensitivity analyses demonstrates the stability of the proposed graph cuts approach, which produces satisfying simulations for a wide range of parameters values. Applications to 2‐D and 3‐D cases are compared to state‐of‐the‐art multiple‐point methods. The results show that the proposed approach obtains significant speedups and increases variability between realizations. Connectivity functions applied to 2‐D models transport simulations in 3‐D models are used to demonstrate that pattern continuity is preserved.
Cooling‐dominated cracking in thermally stressed volcanic rocks
Authors: Browning John , Meredith Philip , Gudmundsson Agust 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMost studies of thermally induced cracking in rocks have focused on the generation of cracks formed during heating and thermal expansion. Both the nature and the mechanism of crack formation during cooling are hypothesized to be different from those formed during heating. We present in situ acoustic emission data recorded as a proxy for crack damage evolution in a series of heating and cooling experiments on samples of basalt and dacite. Results show that both the rate and the energy of acoustic emission are consistently much higher during cooling than during heating. Seismic velocity comparisons and crack morphology analysis of our heated and cooled samples support the contemporaneous acoustic emission data and also indicate that thermal cracking is largely isotropic. These new data are important for assessing the contribution of cooling‐induced damage within volcanic structures and layers such as dikes, sills, and lava flows.
Geochemical observations within the water column at the CO2‐rich hydrothermal systems Hatoma Knoll and Yonaguni Knoll IV, in the southern Okinawa Trough
Authors: Kedzior Stine , Buß Antje , Schneider Bernd , Schneider von Deimling Jens , Sültenfuß Jürgen , Walter Maren , Mertens Christian , Rehder Gregor 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Okinawa Trough is one of three known hydrothermal sites worldwide where liquid carbon dioxide is emitted from the seafloor into the water column. In March 2008, investigations were performed at two active areas, Yonaguni Knoll IV and Hatoma Knoll, in order to identify impacts of hydrothermal venting on the water column chemistry. Vertical profiles of pH and redox potential (Eh) were recorded and discrete water samples were taken for the analysis of total carbon dioxide (CT) and helium (3He, 4He). Anomalies with respect to reference stations (ΔCT, ΔpH) and 3He with respect to saturation with the atmosphere (3Heexcess) were used to characterize the impact of hydrothermal vents. These data indicate that the flux of CO2 into the water column is dominated by hot hydrothermal CO2‐rich vents located in close proximity to the liquid CO2 emission sites. Bubbles and droplets sampled at the cold gas outlets at Hatoma Knoll differed considerably from the water column regarding CO2/3He ratios, and thus, provide additional evidence that cold liquid phase CO2 is of minor importance for the total CO2 flux at both hydrothermal systems. Although hydrothermal vents at back‐arc basins are known to emit large amounts of acids other than CO2, the correlation between ΔpH and ΔCT at both research areas clearly suggests that the observed pH reduction is mainly caused by the addition of CO2. Deviating ΔCT/3He and ΔCT/ΔpH ratios and the prevailing water currents indicate a yet undiscovered vent site at the flank of a seamount in the northeast.
Copper‐Catalyzed 1,5‐Addition of Grignard reagents to Enantioenriched Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Inversion
Authors: Takada Seijiro , Saito Taichi , Iwata Kiitsu , Nishii Yoshinori 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA highly regioselective and stereoselective 1,5‐addition of alkyl groups to enantioenriched donor–acceptor cyclopropanes 1 and bicyclic cyclopropanes such as 6‐aryl‐1‐methoxycarbonyl‐3‐oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan‐2‐ones 4 using a Grignard reagent with a catalytic amount of Cu(OTf)2 (0.1 equivalent) afforded optically active diesters 2 or trans‐α,β‐disubstituted γ‐butyrolactones 5 with an excellent level of stereoinduction. An excess of the Grignard reagent is necessary to perform the 1,5‐alkylation with high yields. In the reaction of the enantioenriched bicyclic lactone 4, a highly stereoselective 1,5‐addition and subsequent highly trans‐selective protonation of the magnesium enolate via keto‐enol isomerization furnished the trans‐α,β‐disubstituted‐γ‐lactones with three contiguous chiral centers with excellent enantioselectivity. Based on the results, we also proposed the mechanism through cluster ion pairs or a simple ion pair to rationalize the high stereoselectivity of the reaction.
Direct Hydrogenation of Dinitrogen and Dioxygen via Eley–Rideal Reactions
Authors: Yao Yunxi , Giapis Konstantinos P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMost Eley–Rideal abstraction reactions involve an energetic gas‐phase atom reacting directly with a surface adsorbate to form a molecular product. Molecular projectiles are generally less reactive, may dissociate upon collision with the surface, and thus more difficult to prove that they can participate intact in abstraction reactions. Here we provide experimental evidence for direct reactions occurring between molecular N2+ and O2+ projectiles and surface‐adsorbed D atoms in two steps: first, the two atoms of the diatomic molecule undergo consecutive collisions with a metal surface atom without bond rupture; and second, the rebounding molecule abstracts a surface D atom to form N2D and O2D intermediates, respectively, detected as ions. The kinematics of the collisional interaction confirms product formation by an Eley–Rideal reaction mechanism and accounts for inelastic energy losses commensurate with surface re‐ionization. Such energetic hydrogenation of dinitrogen may provide facile activation of its triple bond as a first step towards bond cleavage.
Combining Traceless Directing Groups with Hybridization Control of Radical Reactivity: From Skipped Enynes to Defect‐Free Hexagonal Frameworks
Authors: Pati Kamalkishore , dos Passos Gomes Gabriel , Alabugin Igor V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis work discloses the first general solution for converting oligoalkynes into polyaromatic polycyclic systems free of pentagonal defects. The efficiency and selectivity of this cascade originate from the combination of the Bu3Sn‐mediated TDG (traceless directing group) cascade transformations of skipped alkynes where the reactivity of the key radical precursor is tempered by hybridization effects. This approach ensures that the final structure consists of only six‐membered rings. Practical implementation of this strategy is readily accomplished by incorporation of a suitably‐substituted alkene as a final unit in the domino transformation. This strategy opens a new avenue for the controlled preparation of polyaromatic ribbons. The resulting ester functionality can be used for an additional Friedel–Crafts ring closure which effectively anneals two extra cycles with distinct electronic features to the extended aromatic system formed by the radical cascade.
The Preparation of Compressible and Fire‐Resistant Sponge‐Supported Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Liu Changzhen , Ye Shibing , Feng Jiachun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe here report a facile method to fabricate a sponge‐supported reduced graphene oxide aerogel (S‐RGOA) using a commercial melamine sponge and graphene oxide (GO). Firstly, GO sheets were self‐assembled within the melamine sponge by the assistance of a chemical cross‐linking agent; and then, freeze‐drying and thermal treatment were adopted to prepare S‐RGOA, in which continuous porous reduced graphene oxide (RGO) network formed between the skeleton. The resulting S‐RGOA exhibited a high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 20.4‐27.3 dB in 8–12 GHz and the specific EMI SE could reach 1437 dB⋅cm3g−1. The mechanical test suggests that the lightweight S‐RGOA is compressible and possesses low energy dissipation. Burning and TGA measurements indicate that S‐RGOA is fire‐resistant and has excellent thermal stability. Our work provides an economical and environmentally‐friendly method to fabricate RGO aerogels for using as electromagnetic interference materials.
Systematic review of e-learning for surgical training
Authors: Maertens H , Madani A , Landry T , Vermassen F , Van Herzeele I , Aggarwal R 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Internet and software-based platforms (e-learning) have gained popularity as teaching tools in medical education. Despite widespread use, there is limited evidence to support their effectiveness for surgical training. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of e-learning as a teaching tool compared with no intervention and other methods of surgical training.

Methods
A systematic literature search of bibliographical databases was performed up to August 2015. Studies were included if they were RCTs assessing the effectiveness of an e-learning platform for teaching any surgical skill, compared with no intervention or another method of training.

Results
From 4704 studies screened, 87 were included with 7871 participants enrolled, comprising medical students (52 studies), trainees (51 studies), qualified surgeons (2 studies) and nurses (6 studies). E-learning tools were used for teaching cognitive (71 studies), psychomotor (36 studies) and non-technical (8 studies) skills. Tool features included multimedia (84 studies), interactive learning (60 studies), feedback (27 studies), assessment (26 studies), virtual patients (22 studies), virtual reality environment (11 studies), spaced education (7 studies), community discussions (2 studies) and gaming (2 studies). Overall, e-learning showed either greater or similar effectiveness compared with both no intervention (29 and 4 studies respectively) and non-e-learning interventions (29 and 22 studies respectively).

Conclusion
Despite significant heterogeneity amongst platforms, e-learning is at least as effective as other methods of training.