bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic salvage retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph node dissection for ‘node‐only’ recurrent prostate cancer: technique and initial series
Authors: Abreu Andre , Fay Carlos , Park Daniel , Quinn David , Dorff Tanya , Carpten John , Kuhn Peter , Gill Parkash , Almeida Fabio , Gill Inderbir 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo describe the technique of robot‐assisted high‐extended salvage retroperitoneal and pelvic lymphadenectomy (sRPLND+PLND) for ‘node‐only’ recurrent prostate cancer.Patients and MethodsIn all, 10 patients underwent robot‐assisted sRPLND+PLND (09/2015–03/2016) for ‘node‐only’ recurrent prostate cancer, as identified by 11C‐acetate positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging. Our anatomical template extends from bilateral renal artery/vein cranially up to Cloquet's node caudally, completely excising lymphatic‐fatty tissue from aorto‐caval and iliac vascular trees; RPLND precedes PLND. Meticulous node‐mapping assessed nodes at four prospectively assigned anatomical zones.ResultsThe median operative time was 4.8 h, estimated blood loss 100 mL and hospital stay 1 day. No patient had an intraoperative complication, open conversion or blood transfusion. Three patients had spontaneously resolving Clavien–Dindo grade II postoperative complications. The mean (range) number of nodes excised per patient was 83 (41–132) and mean (range) number of positive nodes per patient was 23 (0–109). Seven patients (70%) had positive nodes on final pathology. Node‐positive rates per anatomical level I, II, III and IV were 28%, 32%, 33% and 33%, respectively. In patients with positive nodes, the median PSA level had decreased by 83% at the 2‐month follow‐up.ConclusionThe initial series of robot‐assisted sRPLND+PLND is presented, wherein we duplicate open surgery with superior nodal counts and decreased morbidity. Robot‐assisted technical details for an anatomical LND template up to the renal vessels are presented. Longer follow‐up is necessary to assess oncological outcomes.
Climate change and nesting behaviour in vertebrates: a review of the ecological threats and potential for adaptive responses
Authors: Mainwaring Mark C. , Barber Iain , Deeming Denis C. , Pike David A. , Roznik Elizabeth A. , Hartley Ian R. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTNest building is a taxonomically widespread and diverse trait that allows animals to alter local environments to create optimal conditions for offspring development. However, there is growing evidence that climate change is adversely affecting nest‐building in animals directly, for exampleviasea‐level rises that flood nests, reduced availability of building materials, and suboptimal sex allocation in species exhibiting temperature‐dependent sex determination. Climate change is also affecting nesting species indirectly,viarange shifts into suboptimal nesting areas, reduced quality of nest‐building environments, and changes in interactions with nest predators and parasites. The ability of animals to adapt to sustained and rapid environmental change is crucial for the long‐term persistence of many species. Many animals are known to be capable of adjusting nesting behaviour adaptively across environmental gradients and in line with seasonal changes, and this existing plasticity potentially facilitates adaptation to anthropogenic climate change. However, whilst alterations in nesting phenology, site selection and design may facilitate short‐term adaptations, the ability of nest‐building animals to adapt over longer timescales is likely to be influenced by the heritable basis of such behaviour. We urgently need to understand how the behaviour and ecology of nest‐building in animals is affected by climate change, and particularly how altered patterns of nesting behaviour affect individual fitness and population persistence. We begin our review by summarising how predictable variation in environmental conditions influences nest‐building animals, before highlighting the ecological threats facing nest‐building animals experiencing anthropogenic climate change and examining the potential for changes in nest location and/or design to provide adaptive short‐ and long‐term responses to changing environmental conditions. We end by identifying areas that we believe warrant the most urgent attention for further research.
An Integrative Conceptual Model of Parental Racial/Ethnic and Emotion Socialization and Links to Children's Social‐Emotional Development Among African American Families
Authors: Dunbar Angel S. , Leerkes Esther M. , Coard Stephanie I. , Supple Andrew J. , Calkins Susan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractResearchers have called for increased evaluation of the processes that contribute to African American children's successful emotional development in the face of discrimination. Parents’ racial/ethnic and emotion socialization have been linked to children's emotional adaption. Although few studies have explicitly evaluated their joint influence on African American children's emotion adaptation, researchers studying racial and ethnic socialization have indirectly incorporated emotion socialization through evaluating parents’ guided emotion regulation strategies as ways to cope with discrimination. Similarly, researchers who study emotion socialization have described emotion socialization practices among African American parents as intentionally preparing children for racial bias regarding how others perceive their emotions. In this article, we synthesize two separate and emerging literatures—the racial/ethnic socialization literature and the literature on emotion socialization among African American families—and outline a conceptual model illustrating the overlap in the two constructs and their joint influence on African American children's social‐emotional adjustment.
Evaluations of Conflicts Between Latino Values and Autonomy Desires Among Puerto Rican Adolescents
Authors: Villalobos Solís Myriam , Smetana Judith G. , Tasopoulos‐Chan Marina 
Published: December 2016

Puerto Rican adolescents (N = 105; Mage = 15.97 years, SD = 1.40) evaluated hypothetical situations describing conflicts between Latino values (family obligations and respeto) and autonomy desires regarding personal, friendship, and dating activities. Adolescents judged that peers should prioritize Latino values over autonomy, which led to greater feelings of pride than happiness. However, they believed that teens would prioritize autonomy over Latino values, which led to greater feelings of happiness than pride. Adolescents reasoned about autonomy desires as personal issues, whereas reasoning about Latino values was multifaceted, including references to conventions and concerns for others. Furthermore, judgments and reasoning depended on the type of autonomy desire and Latino value and sometimes, by participants' age and sex.
A Developmental Neuroscience Study of Moral Decision Making Regarding Resource Allocation
Authors: Meidenbauer Kimberly L. , Cowell Jason M. , Killen Melanie , Decety Jean 
Published: December 2016

Distinguishing between equity and equality is essential when making social and moral decisions, yet the related neurodevelopmental processes are unknown. Evaluations of contextually based third‐party distributions incorporating recipient need and resource importance were examined in children and adolescents (N = 82; 8–16 years). Spatiotemporal neurodynamic responses show distinct developmental profiles to viewing such distributions. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) differentially predicted real‐life behaviors based on age, where older children's (8–10 years) evaluations were related to a fairly rapid, automatic ERP component (early posterior negativity), whereas adolescent and preadolescent (11–16 years) evaluations, first‐person allocations, and prosocial behaviors were predicted by later, cognitively controlled ERP components (P3 and late positive potential). Together, these results reveal age‐related changes regarding the neural responses that correspond to distributive justice decisions.
“These Pretzels Are Making Me Thirsty”: Older Children and Adults Struggle With Induced‐State Episodic Foresight
Authors: Kramer Hannah J. , Goldfarb Deborah , Tashjian Sarah M. , Lagattuta Kristin Hansen 
Published: December 2016

We explored children's and adults’ ability to disengage from current physiological states when forecasting future desires. In Study 1, 8‐ to 13‐year‐olds and adults (N = 104) ate pretzels (to induce thirst) and then predicted and explained what they would want tomorrow, pretzels or water. Demonstrating life‐span continuity, approximately 70% of participants, regardless of age, chose water and referenced current thirst as their rationale. Individual differences in working memory and undergraduate grade point average were positively related to performance on the pretzel task. In Study 2, we obtained baseline preferences from adults (N = 35) and confirmed that, prior to consuming pretzels, people do not anticipate wanting water more than pretzels the next day. Together, these findings indicate that both children and adults are tethered to the present when forecasting their future desires.
Relations Among Cultural Learning Beliefs, Self‐Regulated Learning, and Academic Achievement for Low‐Income Chinese American Adolescents
Authors: Bempechat Janine , Li Jin , Ronfard Samuel 
Published: December 2016

This mixed‐methods study of urban low‐income, English‐proficient Chinese American, second‐generation 15‐year‐olds (conducted in 2004; N = 32) examined the relation among the virtue model of learning communicated by parents and adolescents’ learning beliefs, self‐regulated learning (SRL) behaviors, and academic achievement. Analysis of in‐depth individual interviews revealed that for these adolescents, perceptions of family educational socialization predicted students’ endorsement of their culture's virtue‐oriented learning beliefs and that adolescents’ endorsement of these learning beliefs predicted their academic achievement. Importantly, adolescents’ reported that use of SRL strategies mediated the relationship between their endorsement of virtue‐oriented learning beliefs and their academic achievement. Findings are discussed in the context of further research linking cultural learning beliefs, SRL, and children's academic achievement.
Social, educational and vocational outcomes in patients with childhood‐onset and young‐adult‐onset growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Mitra M. Tanya , Jönsson Peter , Åkerblad Ann‐Charlotte , Clayton Peter , Kołtowska‐Häggström Maria , Korbonits Márta , Toogood Andy , Gleeson Helena 
Published: December 2016

SummaryObjectiveHypopituitarism diagnosed in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood has the potential to affect growth and somatic development. Less is known about the impact of such a diagnosis on other aspects of development.DesignAn analysis of the KIMS database (Pfizer International Metabolic Database) was performed to explore social, educational and vocational outcomes of adult patients diagnosed in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood compared with adult‐onset controls.PatientsA total of 2952 adult patients diagnosed with hypothalamic pituitary conditions before the age of 25 were divided into two groups: childhood‐onset [<16 years (CO)] (n = 1782) and young‐adult‐onset [16 to <25 years (YAO)] (n = 1170). A total of 1617 adult patients diagnosed with a nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma at the age of 25 or older formed the adult‐onset control group (AO).MeasurementsKIMS Patient Life Situation Form which provided information on social, educational and vocational outcomes.ResultsCompared with the AO control group, CO and YAO patients were between 4·5 and 8·0 times more likely to live with their parents in adulthood; CO and YAO patients were also less likely to live in partnership and to have children. The impact on educational and vocational outcomes was less marked than on social outcomes with no significant differences compared with the AO control group. Educational and vocational outcomes showed the lowest level in male and female CO and YAO patients who had been previously diagnosed with a brain tumour.ConclusionsSocial outcomes were more affected than educational and vocational outcomes. Although CO patients are more adversely affected, YAO patients were also failing to achieve social milestones. This has consequences for the delivery of endocrine care in both paediatric and adult services.
Neonatal 17‐hydroxyprogesterone levels adjusted according to age at sample collection and birthweight improve the efficacy of congenital adrenal hyperplasia newborn screening
Authors: Hayashi Giselle Y. , Carvalho Daniel F. , de Miranda Mirela C. , Faure Cláudia , Vallejos Carla , Brito Vinícius N. , Rodrigues Andresa De Santi , Madureira Guiomar , Mendonca Berenice B. , Bachega Tânia A.S.S. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIntroductionThe primary concern related to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) newborn screening (NBS) is the high rate of false‐positive results (FPR) associated with prematurity; false‐negative results (FNR) can also occur due to precocious sample collection.ObjectiveTo determine the neonatal 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (N17OHP) normal range in newborns in Sao Paulo using different references according to age and birthweight (BW) and to establish the optimal NBS cut‐off levels.MethodsNeonatal 17‐hydroxyprogesterone levels from 271 810 newborns (NBs) according to sample collection time (G1: 48–<72 h and G2: ≥72 h) and BW (≤1500 g, 1501–2000 g, 2001–2500 and >2500 g) were evaluated. N17OHP was measured by an fluoroimmunoassay, and serum 17OHP was measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Affected and asymptomatic NBs with persistently increased 17OHP levels were submitted to CYP21A2‐sequencing.ResultsNeonatal 17‐hydroxyprogesterone levels in G1 were lower than G2 in all BW groups (P < 0·001). The FPR rate in G1/G2 was 0·2% using the 99·8th and 0·5% using the 99·5th percentile. The 99·8th percentile N17OHP value was the best cut‐off for distinguishing between unaffected and affected NBs. Forty‐four salt wasters, and five simple virilisers were diagnosed; N17OHP levels ranged from 93·3 to 2209·8 nmol/l, and no affected neonates with FNR were identified. The positive predictive value in G1 and G2 using the 99·8th percentile was 5·6% and 14·1%, respectively, and 2·3% and 7%, respectively, using the 99·5th percentile. Molecular tests identified two NBs with the nonclassical form among the 29 FPR.ConclusionNeonatal 17‐hydroxyprogesterone levels adjusted to sample collection age and birthweight reduced the FPR, and the use of N17OHP values based upon the 99·8th percentile improved the NBS efficacy.
Child protection and family support practice in Ireland: a contribution to present debates from a historical perspective
Authors: Devaney Carmel , Gregor Caroline Mc 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper takes the opportunity of the current child welfare system change in Ireland to promote the value of learning from history to better understand the interface between family support and child protection. The paper draws from the histories of child protection and family support to illuminate the commonalities and differences that have come to define the two practices. Using findings from two historical studies – one on family support and the other on child protection – the paper demonstrates the unique features and the many integrated elements of family support and child protection in Ireland. It is argued that students and practitioners need to be provided with a stronger sense of the historical developments that have shaped the present. This will enable comprehension of the complex context within which current relations between ‘protection’ and ‘support’ are negotiated and help to avoid operating in a vacuum of a present only viewpoint. The paper concludes with reference to the need for students and practitioners to navigate the complex relationship between family support and child protection at practice, policy and organizational level through a well‐informed knowledge of the historical as well as the present context.
Historical biogeography of the ancient lycophyte genus Selaginella: early adaptation to xeric habitats on Pangea
Authors: Klaus Kristina V. , Schulz Christian , Bauer Dennise S. , Stützel Thomas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe ancient and cosmopolitan lycophyte genus Selaginella has living representatives around the world, but their historical biogeography has not been assessed with modern methods. We estimated a time‐calibrated phylogeny using DNA marker regions rbcL and ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 from 200 species. Node density analyses revealed that Selaginellaceae has significantly older median and mean node ages than other putative “ancient” families. We used statistical model comparison to assess different biogeographical models on our dated tree, and to estimate ancestral ranges. These revealed that Selaginella originated on Euramerica around 383 Ma in the Devonian period, while its peak diversification began with the formation of Pangea. The divergence of the two main species‐rich Selaginella lineages occurred approximately 318 Ma on the supercontinent. The major divergences within these main lineages of Selaginella took place in the Late Permian and Early Triassic, along with lineages highly adapted for xeric habitats on Pangea.
Control of invasive rats on islands and priorities for future action
Authors: Duron Quiterie , Shiels Aaron B. , Vidal Eric 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInvasive rats are one of the world's most successful animal groups that cause native species extinctions and ecosystem change, particularly on islands. On large islands, rat eradication is often impossible and population control, defined as the local limitation of rat abundance, is now routinely performed on many of the world's islands as an alternative management tool. However, a synthesis of the motivations, techniques, costs, and outcomes of such rat‐control projects is lacking. We reviewed the literature, searched relevant websites, and conducted a survey via a questionnaire to synthesize the available information on rat‐control projects in island natural areas worldwide to improve rat management and native species conservation. Data were collected from 136 projects conducted over the last 40 years; most were located in Australasia (46%) and the tropical Pacific (25%) in forest ecosystems (65%) and coastal strands (22%). Most of the projects targeted Rattus rattus and most (82%) were aimed at protecting birds and endangered ecosystems. Poisoning (35%) and a combination of trapping and poisoning (42%) were the most common methods. Poisoning allows for treatment of larger areas, and poison projects generally last longer than trapping projects. Second‐generation anticoagulants (mainly brodifacoum and bromadiolone) were used most often. The median annual cost for rat‐control projects was US$17,262 or US$227/ha. Median project duration was 4 years. For 58% of the projects, rat population reduction was reported, and 51% of projects showed evidence of positive effects on biodiversity. Our data were from few countries, revealing the need to expand rat‐control distribution especially in some biodiversity hotspots. Improvement in control methods is needed as is regular monitoring to assess short‐ and long‐term effectiveness of rat‐control.
Maternal diabetes modulates offspring cell proliferation and apoptosis during odontogenesis via the TLR4/NF‐κB signalling pathway
Authors: Chen Guoqing , Sun Wenhua , Liang Yan , Chen Tian , Guo Weihua , Tian Weidong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesMaternal gestational diabetes leads to an adverse in utero environment and increases the risk of malformations during embryo organogenesis. In the present study, we analysed the effects of maternal diabetes on tooth germ cell proliferation and apoptosis in offspring, and investigated their underlying mechanisms.Materials and methodsA rat model of maternal diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and the pregnant rats were divided into three groups: controls, the diabetic group and diabetic group with insulin treatment. Offspring of the three groups were collected and cell proliferation and apoptosis in tooth germs were analysed. Primary dental papilla cells and dental epithelial stem cells were isolated and treated with high glucose in vitro, in an attempt to simulate maternal diabetes‐induced hyperglycaemia in vivo.ResultsMaternal diabetes significantly affected cell proliferation and apoptosis in offspring tooth germs. The TLR4/NF‐ĸB signalling pathway was activated in the tooth germs of offspring of diabetic dams. High glucose treatment activated the TLR4/NF‐ĸB signalling pathway in primary dental papilla cells and dental epithelial stem cells in vitro, resulting in suppression of cell proliferation and enhancement of apoptosis. TLR4 knockdown significantly reduced adverse effects induced by high glucose treatment.ConclusionsMaternal gestational diabetes significantly impaired dental epithelial and mesenchymal cell proliferation and apoptosis in offspring, possibly by activation of the TLR4/NF‐ĸB signalling pathway.
Everyday Encounters with Art: Comparing Expert and Novice Experiences
Authors: Foreman‐Wernet Lois , Dervin Brenda 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe study reported here looked at how two groups of people – one with art expertise and one without – made sense of their encounters with an exhibition of a single artist, the late Paul‐Henri Bourguignon. The study builds on previous research using Dervin's Sense‐Making Methodology to study how people interpret their arts experiences within the contexts of their everyday lives. Informants were asked to rank‐order their selections among the pieces on display according to which had the most impact for them (however they defined impact). Each informant then did a structured qualitative interview focusing on the work he or she chose as most impactful. The researchers looked at thematic elements and other patterns of similarity and difference that arose in the interviews and offer thoughts on how the results of this study may provide insight to those who work in museums.
The eye of the retriever: developing episodic memory mechanisms in preverbal infants assessed through pupil dilation
Authors: Hellmer Kahl , Söderlund Hedvig , Gredebäck Gustaf 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStudying memory in infants can be challenging, as they cannot express their subjective recollection verbally. In this study we use a novel method with which we can assess episodic recognition memory through pupillometry, using identical procedures and stimuli for infants and adults. In three experiments of 4‐ and 7‐month‐old infants, and adults we show that the adult pupillary response is larger to previously seen than to never seen items (old/new effect). Pupil dilations index subjective memory experience in adults, producing distinct pupil dilations to items judged as remembered, familiar, and new, regardless of actual previous exposure (Experiment 1). Seven‐month‐old infants demonstrate a clear pupillary old/new effect, very similar to that of adults (Experiment 2), whereas 4‐month‐olds do not demonstrate such an effect (Experiment 3). Our findings suggest that the mnemonic mechanisms that serve infants' and adults' episodic recognition memory are more similar than previously asserted: they are not fully developed at 4 months of age but that there is contiguity in human episodic memory development from 7 months of age.