bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Los jóvenes y la historia: El sentido de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la Historia para los jóvenes estudiantes de Brasil, Argentina, Uruguay y Chile.
Authors: Linare Cecilia , Cuesta Virginia 
Published: April 2017

El proyecto «Los jóvenes y la Historia en el Mercosur» releva en forma representativa datos sobre la enseñanza de la Historia y la cultura política de estudiantes y profesores del nivel secundario mediante la aplicación de encuestas compuestas por unas 40 preguntas que puntan a conocer cómo los estudiantes de 15 a 17 años comprenden el paso del tiempo y construyen su identidad nacional, entre otras cuestiones. El presente trabajo analiza solo los datos referidos a las consignas 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 del cuestionario para estudiantes, con el fin de: primero, conocer y discutir cuál es la importancia que los jóvenes le atribuyen a la Historia al conocimiento del pasado para su vida en el presente y en el futuro; segundo, distinguir qué formas de presentación del conocimiento histórico son de su agrado y cuáles portan para ellos mayor rigor científico. Y, tercero, observar qué es lo que sucede realmente en sus clases de Historia en cuanto a las estrategias de enseñanza y el uso de materiales curriculares. La perspectiva comparativa nos permite establecer similitudes entre Brasil, Argentina, Uruguay Chile, una de las similitudes más destacadas es la persistencia de las formas de enseñanza de la Historia de tipo tradicional.
The effect of the science classesenriched with art activities on academic achievement<p>Sanat etkinlikleri ile zenginleştirilmiş bilim uygulamaları dersinin akademik başarıya etkisi
Authors: Yıldız Demirtaş Vesile , Çerik Seda , Maba Adem 
Published: April 2017

The aim of the study is to reveal the effects of the classeswhich enriched with art activitieson academic achievement at the 5th grades. The research group consists of 37 students who determined the science applications course as an elective course in a public school in İzmir during 2015-2016 Education Fall Semester. In this study, from the trial models"Quasi-experimental desing, pre-post test without control group" was used. The data were collected with achievement test and written examination that prepared by researchers in order to measure academic achievement in science applications classes and also interviews that prepared by researchers used in order to determine the opinions of the students on the science applications enriched with art activities. As the results of the research there is a significant difference between the pretest-posttest findings and the pretest-permanency test results of the experimental group. As the results of the achievement test, it is concrete that these activities have positive effects on the students. It can be said that the applications are effective when the students' interview questions are compared with the answers given by the students after the last application. ÖzetAraştırmanın amacı 5. sınıflarda sanat etkinlikleri ile zenginleştirilmiş bilim uygulamaları dersinin akademik başarıya olan etkilerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2015-2016 Öğretim Yılı Güz döneminde İzmir’de bir devlet okulunda bilim uygulamaları dersini seçmeli ders olarak belirleyen 37 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır.Bu araştırmada, deneme modellerinden “tek grup öntest-sontest kontrol grupsuz yarı deney deseni” kullanılmıştır. Veriler bilim uygulamaları dersindeki akademik başarıyı ölçmek amacıyla araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan bilim uygulamaları başarı testi ve yazılı yoklama ile öğrencilerin sanat etkinlikleri ile zenginleştirilmiş bilim uygulamaları dersine yönelik görüşlerini belirlemek amacıyla hazırlanan görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır.Araştırmada deney grubunun öntest-sontest sonuçlarında ve öntest-kalıcılık testi sonuçlarında anlamlı fark bulunmaktadır. Yapılan başarı testi sonucunda bu etkinliklerin öğrencileri olumlu etkilediği somut olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Öğrencilerin görüşme sorularına ön uygulama ile son uygulama sonrası verdikleri cevaplar karşılaştırıldığında uygulamaların etkili olduğu söylenebilir.
Effects of interval sprint trainings on lactate level and heart rate
Authors: Turna Bülent , Civar Yavuz Selma , Alp Mahmut , Işıldak Kenan 
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of interval sprint trainings on lactate level and heart rate in elite swimmers. 10 licenced swimmers (5 male-5 female) participated in the study voluntarily who train regularly at the Akdeniz University Swimming Team and as individual whose mean age was 20,20±1,54 years, the mean sport age was 9,10±1,59 years, the mean height was 175,00±8,39 cm and the mean of weight was in pre-test 67,07±10,74 kg; in post-test 67,18±10,37 kg. Lactate and heart rate tests were applied to the swimmers at the beginning and end of training program that was 8 weeks, 4 days a week, at least 120 minutes a day and including interval sprints in its content. Handled datas were compared by using “Paired t Test” by SPSS 22.0 statistic programme. As a result of lactate and heart rate pre and post-test values, the differences were found to be statistically significant (p<0,05). According to the data obtained, positive improvements were observed in the swimming performances. In addition, it has been concluded that interval sprint trainings have also positive impacts on lactate levels and heart rates. We believe that our study will make positive contribution to sportive performance of swimmers as well as providing reference values for swimming coaches applying interval trainings in swimming.
Examination of basic motoric characteristics with different stretching exercises in football players<p>Genç basketbolcularda statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin bazı fiziksel parametrelere etkisi
Authors: Akyüz Murat , Özmaden Murat , Doğru Yeliz , Karademir Evren , Aydın Yeşim , Hayta Ümit 
Published: April 2017

This study was conducted to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching exercises on strength, flexibility, speed and balance in young basketball players. 10 volunteers from the 16 year old male basketball team of Pınar Karsiyaka Sports Club participated in the study. The average age of the athletes is 16 ± 0,0 (year) and the average of the height is 188 ± 0,08 (cm). The study consists of three parts. On the first day, dynamic stretching exercises were performed on the second day and static stretching exercises and performance tests were performed on the third day without performing any exercise. Applied performance tests were hand grip strength, back-leg strength, sit-in flexibility test, 20 m. Sprint test and flamingo balance test. The obtained data were analyzed with the variance analysis (ANOVA test) in the repeated measures using the SPSS 23.0 package program. As a result of the study, the flexibility of the static and dynamic stretching exercises in the data obtained, the difference in the left handed claw strength and the speed of the dynamic stretching exercises were significant (p <0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was found between static and dynamic stretching exercises and back leg strength and balance (p> 0.05). As a result, it can be said that static and dynamic stretching exercises have a positive effect on flexibility, strength and speed. ÖzetBu çalışma genç basketbolcularda statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin kuvvet, esneklik, sürat ve denge üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya Pınar Karşıyaka Spor Kulübünün 16 yaş erkek basketbol takımından 10 gönüllü katılmıştır. Sporcuların yaş ortalamaları 16±0,0 (yıl), boy ortalamaları 188±0,08 (cm)’dir. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci gün herhangi bir egzersiz uygulanmadan, ikinci gün dinamik germe egzersizleri ve üçüncü gün statik germe egzersizleri ile performans testleri uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan performans testleri sırasıyla el kavrama kuvveti, sırt-bacak kuvveti, otur-eriş esneklik testi, 20 m. sprint testi ve flamingo denge testinden oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 23.0 paket programı kullanılarak tekrarlı ölçümlerde Varyans Analizi (Anova Testi) ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen verilerde statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin esnekliğe, dinamik germe egzersizlerinin sol el pençe kuvveti ve sürat üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılık meydana gelmiştir (p<0.05). Diğer yandan, statik ve dinamik germe egzersizleri ile sırt bacak kuvveti ve denge üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak, statik ve dinamik germe egzersizlerinin esneklik, kuvvet ve sürat üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu söylenebilir.
Reed Biomass, a Possibility of Cultivation and Protection of “Wetland” in Korça Field in Albania
Authors: Icka Pirro , Damo Robert , Icka Engjëllushe 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The human society since early times has utilized the fire as a mean to accomplish its own needs and fuel providing has always been its main concern. In the framework of the environmental and forestry protection increasingly is required the retrievable and sustainable alternative energy. The utilization of reed biomass is an alternative of the retrievable biomass. The world is using since many years the reed biomass as fuel source. Whereas in Albania the utilization of the reed biomass has been observes only in the framework of projects in protected areas. Our proposal to plant 500 ha peaty soil, recently an abandoned agricultural land which is waterlogged for a long period of the year, is seen as a possibility for the re-cultivation of abandoned lands, to produce the renewable biomass. By assessment results that from this surface to provide at least 5000 ton reed biomass or about 86500 GJ energy. This energy is a considerable source of energy and a way to reduce the deforestation, at least to the region in this study.
Catabatic Winds in Oraviţa Depression (Romania). Case Studies
Authors: Chiriac Ciprian , Murărescu Ovidiu 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In some situations, field positioning of air pressure through development of anticyclone in the north - northeast of Romania and a cyclone in the south-west, create conditions favoring intensifying dynamics of air masses in Oraviţa Depression area. This phenomenon generates a catabatic wind which is known local as Coşava. Mode of expression is as strong intensification of the burst, which gives rise to considerable material damages. This study takes into account the analysis of three cases considered by us to be representative.
Frames of subspaces in Hilbert spaces with W-metrics
Authors: Acosta-Humánez Primitivo , Esmeral Kevin , Ferrer Osmin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this paper we start considering a sesquilinear form 〈W·,·〉 defined over a Hilbert space (ℌ,〈·,·〉) where W is bounded (W* = W ∈ Ɓ(ℌ)) and ker W = {0}. We study the dynamic of frame of subspaces over the completion of (ℌ, 〈W·,·〉) which is denoted by ℌW and is called Hilbert space with W-metric or simply W-space. The sense of dynamics studied here refers to the behavior of frame of subspaces comparing ℌW with ℌ as well ℌ with ℌW. Furthermore, we show that for any Hilbert space with W-metric ℌW, being 0 an element of the spectrum of W (0 ∈σ(W)), has a decomposition ℌW = ⊕n∈ℕ∪{∞}ℌW
ψn where ℌW
ψn ≃ L2(σ(W), χdμn(χ)) for all n ∈ ℕ ∪ {∞}, L2 denotes a Hilbert space square integrable and μ a Lebesgue measure. Finally, the case when W is unbounded also considered.
The Features of the Cyclical Fluctuations, Homogeneity and Stationarity of the Average Annual Flow of the Southern Buh River Basin
Authors: Bauzha Tetiana , Gorbachova Liudmyla 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In the last decades, according to researches of scientists of the world becomes more evident that the global and regional climate changes impact on the water regime of rivers and leads to break of the stationarity of observations series. In this study we analysed the long-term (since the beginning of the observations to 2012) average annual flow of the Southern Buh River Basin (37 gauging stations) and its cyclical fluctuations during a long period of time. The methodological approaches based on the using of hydro-genetic methods for estimation the homogeneity and stationarity of hydrological series were used. We researched that series of observations are homogeneous and stationary. However, not all series of observations were representative for determination of the stable average value. The presented results illustrate that the long-term fluctuations of the average annual flow at all gauging stations is synchronous. Therefore, the climatic conditions of the flow formation are homogeneous. However, these fluctuations are not always synchronous phase. We found out that the average annual flow in this basin fluctuates and has decreasing trend in the last decade. It is due to cyclical fluctuations of the river flow. We calculated the statistical parameters for all gauging stations.
Landform Analysis Using Terrain Attributes. A Gis Application on the Island of Ikaria (Aegean Sea, Greece)
Authors: Skentos Athanasios , Ourania Anagnostopoulou 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to classify the landforms of Ikaria Island by conducting morphometric analysis. The whole classification process is based on the calculation of the Topographic Position Index (TPI). The delivered TPI landform classes are spatially correlated with the geology, slope, valley depth and the topographic ruggedness of the island. The results of this study indicate the presence of two distinctive landform units, affected mainly by the local geological setting.
Estimation of Soil Erosion in Rodnei Mountains National Park Using G.I.S. Technique
Authors: Flămînd Lazăr , Moldovan Maria-Olivia , Corabian Izabella , Gliga Iulia Diana 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Erosion is one of the biggest and most widely spread forms of soil degradation, having an impact on both the surrounding environment and the economical one as well. According to a recent study from 2014-2015 by the Common Research Center an estimate of approximately 11.4% of the EU’s territory has been affected by the erosion process in moderate to high levels, the soil’s erosion rate being higher than 5t/ha/year. A significant part of Romania’s surface feels the negative effects of the soils degradation, erosion being the most widely spread long-term complex phenomena. Identifying as exactly as possible the areas with erosion risk is recommended in order to intervene with measures of consolidation, leveling, terrain modeling and other hydro-improving constructions. For this reason, for the studied area, Rodnei Mountains National Park (Maramureș County, Bistrita-Nasaud County), having a surface of 47.177 ha, the soil’s erosion has been modeled via the USLE model, developed by Motoc in 1979, taking into consideration all the climate conditions specific to Romania. Following the implementation of the G.I.S environment model, the soil’s erosion estimate values have been obtained, subsequently being divided in 8 classes of erosion, losses of soil less than 0.5t/ha/year representing 89.3% out of the park’s total surface. Researching the model’s obtained results and comparing them to existing values of soil erosion, locally and nationally, we can draw the conclusion that the results of the USLE model are truthful, and that the model can be successfully used in the studied area. Thereby, the study has targeted the determination of vulnerabilities at the erosional processes and vulnerabilities to erosion, the risk of erosion susceptibility being assessed.
Microstructure characterization of localized corrosion wear of Cr/Cr2N+ a-C:H/a-C:H:Cr multilayer coatings on carbon fiber composites
Authors: Janusz M. , Major L. , Lackner J. M. , Grysakowski B. , Krawiec H. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The use of carbon fiber composites (CFC) for different applications is widespread. Carbon-based materials show, however, significant oxidative degradation in air. Modern materials are subjected to aggressive, corrosive environment. This type of environment may strongly reduce their mechanical properties. For the protection of CFC, it was necessary to apply coatings to the composite surface. In the presented paper, a chromium/chromium nitride (Cr/Cr2N) multilayer structure has been selected as the inner part. The outer part of the coating was a hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H), gradually implanted by Cr nanocrystals. The application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the proposed deposition method allowed the formation of a Cr/Cr2N multilayer of Λ = 150 nm, topped with a-C:H+ Cr23C6 composite of a varied carbides density. The micro-hardness of the deposited coatings was up to 14 GPa (at a load of 2 and 5 mN). The microstructure of the deposited coatings was described in detail by means of TEM in the authors’ recently published paper [1]. This paper is a continuation thereof, aimed at describing microstructure changes after a localized corrosion process. In order to study localized corrosion in coatings, particularly in metallic (Cr) interlayers, the potential measurements and voltammetry experiments were performed in a Ringer solution. The open-circuit potential reaches stable values after a sufficient time period. The results indicated that the presence of a-C:H+Cr23C6, the outer part of the coating, speeds up the localized corrosion process in Cr interlayers in the inner part of a coating.
Parallel anisotropic mesh refinement with dynamic load balancing for transonic flow simulations
Authors: Gepner S. , Majewski J. , Rokicki J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The present paper discusses an effective adaptive methods suited for use in parallel environment. An in-house, parallel flow solver based on the residual distribution method is used for the solution of flow problems. Simulation is parallelized based on the domain decomposition approach. Adaptive changes to the mesh are achieved by two distinctive techniques. Mesh refinement is performed by dividing element edges and a subsequent application of pre defined splitting templates. Mesh regularization and derefinement is achieved through topology conserving node movement (r-adaptivity). Parallel implementations of an adaptive use the dynamic load balancing technique.
Suboptimal approximations in repeatable inverse kinematics for robot manipulators
Authors: Duleba I. , Karcz-Duleba I. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this paper a repeatable inverse kinematic task was solved via an approximation of a pseudo-inverse Jacobian matrix of a robot manipulator. An entry configuration to the task was optimized and a task-dependent definition of an approximation region, in a configuration space, was utilized. As a side effect, a relationship between manipulability and optimally augmented forward kinematics was established and independence of approximation task solutions on rotations in augmented components of kinematics was proved. A simulation study was performed on planar pendula manipulators. It was demonstrated that selection of an initial configuration to the repeatable inverse kinematic task heavily impacts solvability of the task and its quality. Some remarks on a formulation of the approximation task and its numerical aspects were also provided.
Comparative investigations of nonlinear and linear observers for a highly manoeuvrable target in sliding mode guidance
Authors: Wang Y. , Sun M. , Du S. , Chen Z. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Target manoeuvre is one of the key factors affecting guidance accuracy. To intercept highly maneuverable targets, a second-order sliding-mode guidance law, which is based on the super-twisting algorithm, is designed without depending on any information about the target motion. In the designed guidance system, the target estimator plays an essential role. Besides the existing higher-order sliding-mode observer (HOSMO), a first-order linear observer (FOLO) is also proposed to estimate the target manoeuvre, and this is the major contribution of this paper. The closed-loop guidance system can be guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) in the presence of the FOLO. The comparative simulations are carried out to investigate the overall performance resulting from these two categories of observers. The results show that the guidance law with the proposed linear observer can achieve better comprehensive criteria for the amplitude of normalised acceleration and elevator deflection requirements. The reasons for the different levels of performance of these two observer-based methods are thoroughly investigated.
Assessment of stallion semen morphology using two different staining methods, microscopic techniques, and sample sizes
Authors: Łącka Katarzyna , Kondracki Stanisław , Iwanina Maria , Wysokińska Anna 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to propose the optimal methodology for stallion semen morphology analysis while taking into consideration the staining method, the microscopic techniques, and the workload generated by a number of samples. Material and Methods: Ejaculates from eight pure-bred Arabian horses were tested microscopically for the incidence of morphological defects in the spermatozoa. Two different staining methods (eosin-nigrosin and eosin-gentian dye), two different techniques of microscopic analysis (1000× and 400× magnifications), and two sample sizes (200 and 500 spermatozoa) were used. Results: Well-formed spermatozoa and those with major and minor defects according to Blom’s classification were identified. The applied staining methods gave similar results and could be used in stallion sperm morphology analysis. However, the eosin-nigrosin method was more recommendable, because it allowed to limit the number of visible artefacts without hindering the identification of protoplasm drops and enables the differentiation of living and dead spermatozoa. Conclusion: The applied microscopic techniques proved to be equally efficacious. Therefore, it is practically possible to opt for the simpler and faster 400x technique of analysing sperm morphology to examine stallion semen. We also found that the number of spermatozoa clearly affects the results of sperm morphology evaluation. Reducing the number of spermatozoa from 500 to 200 causes a decrease in the percentage of spermatozoa identified as normal and an increase in the percentage of spermatozoa determined as morphologically defective.