bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolite Extraction and Analysis for the Geographical Discrimination of White Rice (Oryza sativa L.): A Method Comparison Study
Authors: Lim Dong Kyu , Long Nguyen Phuoc , Mo Changyeun , Dong Ziyuan , Lim Jongguk , Kwon Sung Won 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of different extraction methods for the GC-MS- and LC-MS-based metabolite profiling of white rice (Oryza sativa L.). In addition, the metabolite divergence of white rice cultivated in either Korea or China was also evaluated. The discrimination analysis of each extraction method for white rice from Korea and China and the corresponding discriminatory markers were estimated by unpaired t-test, principal component analysis, k-means cluster analysis, partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and random forest (RF). According to the prediction parameters obtained from PLS-DA and RF classifiers as well as features that could be identified, the extraction method using 75% isopropanol heated at 100°C coupled with LC-MS analysis was confirmed to be superior to the other extraction methods. Noticeably, lysophospholipid concentrations were significantly different in white rice between Korea and China, and they are novel markers for geographical discrimination. In conclusion, our study suggests an optimized extraction and analysis method as well as novel markers for the geographical discrimination of white rice.
Optimization of the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Separation of Bergapten from Bergamot Essential Oil
Authors: Sicari Vincenzo 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The possibility of following traditional cold-press extraction with the post process continuous separation of bergapten from bergamot essential oil was investigated. A fractionation tower was used in an experiment in which cold-pressed bergamot oil was extracted in a continuous countercurrent process by supercritical carbon dioxide under different conditions. Bergapten is fairly soluble in CO2 in its supercritical phase, in particular at a density of 277.90 kg⋅m–3, corresponding to a pressure of 8 MPa and temperature of 40°C. Under these conditions, an extract with 0.198% bergapten was obtained, a figure slightly below the percentage of bergapten contained in cold-pressed oil (0.21%). However, at densities below 200 kg⋅m–3, the amount of bergapten in the extracted oil was negligible. Of all tested conditions for separation, the best was found to be at a pressure of 8 MPa and temperature of 70°C, conditions under which bergapten was not detected. The results of the experiment showed that bergapten, and the non-volatile fraction in general, was extracted only in small quantities and was not extracted at all with at a CO2 pressure of 8 MPa.
A CRIMINALIDADE NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL: UM ESTUDO SOBRE OS TIPOS DE CRIME E ASPECTOS DO DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL NO PERÍODO DE 2007 A 2010
Authors: Pinto Nelson Guilherme Machado , Coronel Daniel Arruda , Bender Filho Reisoli 
Published: August 2017

<p>A criminalidade é um problema com impactos nas diversas esferas da sociedade. Além disso, há uma dificuldade em trabalhar com dados empíricos relacionados a essa temática devido à dificuldade de coletar informações sobre esses aspectos. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho consiste em verificar os impactos do desenvolvimento regional sobre os tipos de crimes praticados no Rio Grande do Sul, considerando o período de 2007 a 2010. Especificamente, buscou-se verificar se há diferenças locais nas regiões gaúchas entre os tipos de crimes praticados: contra o patrimônio e contra pessoa. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos dois modelos analíticos, baseados em painel; o primeiro, para verificar os impactos de aspectos regionais sobre os crimes contra patrimônio e o segundo, contra a pessoa. Foram adicionadas variáveis dummies, com a finalidade de verificar diferenças regionais quanto à criminalidade nas três macrorregiões do estado: Norte, Nordeste e Sul. Os resultados indicaram que a renda mostrou-se como um dos fatores potencializadores do crime, enquanto que melhores condições de saúde tendem a reduzir a prática de atos criminosos. Em termos geográficos, a maior incidência de crimes foi constatada na região Nordeste, região com características diferenciadas de desenvolvimento local. </p>
The Accuracy of the Sysmex UF-1000i in Urine Bacterial Detection Compared With the Standard Urine Analysis and Culture
Authors: Erdman Patrick , Anderson Brian , Zacko J. Christopher , Taylor Kirk , Donaldson Keri 
Published: July 2017

Context.—
Urinary tract infections are characterized by the presence of microbial pathogens within the urinary tract. They represent one of the most common infections in hospitalized and clinic patients.

Objectives.—
To model the parameters of the Sysmex UF-1000i to the gold standard, urine culture, and to compare the detection of dipstick leukocyte esterase and nitrates to urine cultures and UF-1000i results.

Design.—
Data were compared from urine samples collected in sterile containers for bacterial culture and microscopic analysis. One sample was used to inoculate a 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar plate using a 0.001-mL calibrated loop. The second sample was analyzed by urinalysis-associated microscopy. The media plates were investigated for growth after 18 to 24 hours of aerobic incubation at 37°C. The second sample was analyzed for bacteria and leukocytes with the Sysmex UF-1000i according to the manufacturer's guidelines. Three definitions for culture results, sensitivity, and specificity at different cutoff values were calculated for the UF-1000i.

Results.—
The negative predictive value for any positive culture in the adult population included in the study was 95.5%, and the negative predictive value for positive cultures containing growth of 100 000 or more colony-forming units was 99.3% using the Sysmex UF-1000i.

Conclusions.—
Sysmex UF-1000i showed 98% sensitivity and 93.7% specificity with a 95.5% negative predictive value. Thus, a negative screen with the UF-1000i using defined thresholds for white blood cell counts and bacteria was likely to be a true negative, decreasing the need for presumptive antibiotics.
Território do Sisal-Bahia: da difundida precariedade ao fortalecimento dos ativismos sociais/ Sisal Territory-Bahia (Brasil): from the widespread precariousness to the strengthening of social activism
Authors: Lima Jamille da Silva , Coelho Agripino Souza 
Published: August 2017

Analisar a coexistência entre as condições estruturais que perdura no Território do Sisal e a emergência e o fortalecimento dos ativismos sociais é o objetivo central deste artigo. Para a leitura desse contexto espacial acionamos os termos “permanências” e “emergências”, empregados como um par dialético. As permanências manifestam-se pelo conjunto de condições estruturais e pela particularidade histórica que se forjou no Território do Sisal (Bahia) reconhecido pela prevalência das chamadas adversidades físico-naturais atribuídas à seca, por um conjunto de indicadores socioeconômicos desfavoráveis exemplificados pelos índices de analfabetismo, desemprego, entre outros, bem como pelos esquemas de autoritarismo e clientelismo político. As emergências são reveladas na mobilização e complexificação de redes de organizações sociais, consideradas como modalidades de ativismos sociais. ABSTRACT To analyze the coexistence between remaining structural conditions in the Território do Sisal and the emergence and strengthening of social activism is the centrapurpose of this article. To read this spatial context, we used the terms "permanence" and "emergencies", employed as a dialetic pair. The permanencies are manifested by the set of structural conditions and the historical particularity that was set up in the Território do Sisal (Bahia), recognized by the prevalence of the so-called physical and natural adver - sities related to drought, by a set of unfavorable social economic indicators exemplified by illiteracy, unemployment and among others, as well as the schemes of dominion and political clientelism. Emergencies are manifested in the mobilization and complexity of networks of social organizations, considered as social activism modality. This article is a result of a documental research and interviews with the most active social organization from Território do Sisal, during the years of 2010 and 2014. As a result, it was found that the social activisms of the Sisal Territory were searching for a political and moral direction conceived by social relations based on solidary cooperation, as well as on a more horizon - tal political and productive organization, and has been fighting for democratization of planning and public administration. Keywords : social activism, permanencies, emergencies, Sisal Territory.
L’intégration économique des jeunes issus de l’immigration au Québec et au Canada
Authors: Boudarbat Brahim , Ebrahimi Pouya 
Published: July 2017

Cette étude porte sur des jeunes de 15 à 29 ans que nous avons répartis en quatre groupes : les immigrants admis après l’âge de 10 ans (génération 1), ceux qui sont arrivés au pays à l’âge de 10 ans ou avant (génération 1.5), ceux qui sont nés au Canada d’au moins un parent immigrant (génération 2) et ceux qui sont nés au Canada de parents natifs de ce pays (génération 3 ou plus). Nos résultats montrent que les jeunes issus de l’immigration (générations 1, 1.5 et 2) sont en moyenne plus scolarisés que ceux de la génération 3 ou plus, tant au Québec que dans le reste du Canada. De plus, presque tous les jeunes des générations 1.5 et 2 au Québec connaissent le français, ce qui est synonyme d’une intégration linguistique des immigrants à long terme. Au chapitre de l’accès à l’emploi et des salaires, les jeunes de la génération 1 sont les plus défavorisés, et ils le sont davantage au Québec que dans le reste du Canada. Dans cette province, les jeunes des générations 1.5 et 2 affichent eux aussi des écarts sur le plan du taux de chômage et des salaires par rapport à ceux de la génération 3 ou plus, tandis que dans le reste du Canada, ces jeunes performent aussi bien — sinon mieux — que les jeunes de la génération 3 ou plus. Le Québec devra s’attacher à promouvoir l’emploi et les conditions de travail de tous ces jeunes, indépendamment de leur origine et de l’origine de leurs parents.
Valorisation des investissements ultra-longs et dÉveloppement durable
Authors: Gollier Christian 
Published: July 2017

En faisons-nous assez pour les générations futures? Cette question est sous-jacente à de nombreuses questions économiques actuelles, comme celles de la réduction de la dette, de la réforme des retraites, de la lutte contre le changement climatique, de la préservation des ressources naturelles, des investissements d’infrastructure ou de la fiscalité de l’épargne par exemple. Notre responsabilité sociale envers les générations futures se traduit en termes économiques par le taux d’actualisation, qui donne une valeur au futur relativement au présent, et qui détermine l’arbitrage présent/futur des agents économiques. Si on reconnaît qu’une société court-termiste utilise un taux d’actualisation trop élevé, comment déterminer le niveau désirable de ce taux? Dans cet article, je synthétise les importants développements scientifiques récents sur ce sujet. Étant donné la baisse tendancielle de nos anticipations de croissance et les fortes incertitudes sur les évolutions longues de notre société, je recommande un taux sans risque de deux fois le taux de croissance anticipé de la consommation (pour actualiser des cash flows engendrés sur les horizons inférieurs à 20 ans) à 1 % (pour des maturités au-delà de 100 ans). La prime de risque devrait aussi avoir une structure par terme, s’étalant de 1 % à court terme jusqu’à 3 % pour le long terme.
Differences in urinary incontinence symptoms and pelvic floor structure changes during pregnancy between nulliparous and multiparous women
Authors: Luo Dan , Chen Ling , Yu Xiajuan , Ma Li , Chen Wan , Zhou Ning , Cai Wenzhi 
Published: July 2017

Background
This study was performed to compare changes in urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms and pelvic floor structure during pregnancy between nulliparous and multiparous women.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was performed among pregnant women from July 2016 to January 2017. In total, 358 pregnant women from two hospitals underwent an interview and pelvic floor transperineal ultrasound assessment. A questionnaire regarding sociodemographic, gynecological, obstetric features and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) were used for the interview. Imaging data sets were analyzed offline to assess the bladder neck vertical position (BNVP), urethral angles (α, β, and γ angles), and hiatal area (HA) at rest and at maximal Valsalva maneuver (VM).

Results
After excluding 16 women with invalid data, 342 women were included. The prevalence (χ2 = 9.15, P = 0.002), frequency (t = 2.52, P = 0.014), usual amount of UI (t = 2.23, P = 0.029) and scores of interference with daily life (t = 2.03, P = 0.045) during pregnancy were higher in multiparous than nulliparous women. A larger bladder neck descent (BND) (F = 4.398, P < 0.001), HA (F = 6.977, P < 0.001), α angle (F = 2.178, P = 0.030), β angle (F = 4.404, P < 0.001), and γ angle (F = 2.54, P = 0.011) at VM were discovered in pregnant women with UI than without UI. Multiparous women had a significantly higher BND (t = 2.269, P = 0.024) and a larger α angle (F = 2.894, P = 0.004), β angle (F = 2.473, P = 0.014), and γ angle (F = 3.255, P = 0.001) at VM than did nulliparous women.

Conclusion
Multiparous women experienced more obvious UI symptoms and pelvic floor structure changes during pregnancy than did nulliparous women.
A simulation of ice cloud particle size, humidity, and temperature measurements from the TWICE CubeSat
Authors: Jiang Jonathan H. , Yue Qing , Su Hui , Reising Steven C. , Kangaslahti Pekka P. , Deal William R. , Schlecht Erich T. , Wu Longtao , Evans K. Franklin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper describes a forward radiative transfer model and retrieval system (FMRS) for the Tropospheric Water and cloud ICE (TWICE) CubeSat instrument. We use the FMRS to simulate radiances for the TWICE's 14 millimeter‐ and submillimeter‐wavelength channels for a tropical atmospheric state produced by a Weather Research and Forecasting model simulation. We also perform simultaneous retrievals of cloud ice particle size, ice water content (IWC), water vapor content (H2O), and temperature from the simulated TWICE radiances using the FMRS. We show that the TWICE instrument is capable of retrieving ice particle size in the range of ~50–1000 μm in mass mean effective diameter with approximately 50% uncertainty. The uncertainties of other retrievals from TWICE are about 1 K for temperature, 50% for IWC, and 20% for H2O.
Robustness of observation‐based decadal sea level variability in the Indo‐Pacific Ocean
Authors: Nidheesh A. G. , Lengaigne M. , Vialard J. , Izumo T. , Unnikrishnan A. S. , Meyssignac B. , Hamlington B. , de Boyer Montegut C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe examine the consistency of Indo‐Pacific decadal sea level variability in 10 gridded, observation‐based sea level products for the 1960–2010 period. Decadal sea level variations are robust in the Pacific, with more than 50% of variance explained by decadal modulation of two flavors of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (classical ENSO and Modoki). Amplitude of decadal sea level variability is weaker in the Indian Ocean than in the Pacific. All data sets indicate a transmission of decadal sea level signals from the western Pacific to the northwest Australian coast through the Indonesian throughflow. The southern tropical Indian Ocean sea level variability is associated with decadal modulations of ENSO in reconstructions but not in reanalyses or in situ data set. The Pacific‐independent Indian Ocean decadal sea level variability is not robust but tends to be maximum in the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean. The inconsistency of Indian Ocean decadal variability across the sea level products calls for caution in making definitive conclusions on decadal sea level variability in this basin.
Energetic particle signatures of magnetic field‐aligned potentials over Jupiter's polar regions
Authors: Clark G. , Mauk B. H. , Haggerty D. , Paranicas C. , Kollmann P. , Rymer A. , Bunce E. J. , Cowley S. W. H. , Mitchell D. G. , Provan G. , Ebert R. W. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. , Connerney J. , Kotsiaros S. , Kurth W. S. , Levin S. , McComas D. J. , Saur J. , Valek P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecent results of the first ever orbit through Jupiter's auroral region by NASA's Juno spacecraft did not show evidence of coherent acceleration in the auroral or polar region. However, in this letter, we show energetic particle data from Juno's Jupiter Energetic‐particle Detector Instrument instrument during the third auroral pass that exhibits conclusive evidence of downward parallel electric fields in portions of Jupiter's polar region. The energetic particle distributions show inverted‐V ion and electron structures in a downward electric current region with accelerated peaked distributions in hundreds of keV to ~1 MeV range. The origin of these large electric potential structures is investigated and discussed within the current theoretical framework of current‐voltage relationships at both Earth and Jupiter. Parallel electric fields responsible for accelerating particles to maintain the aurora/magnetospheric circuit appear to be a common phenomenon among strongly magnetized planets with conducting ionospheres; however, their origin and generation mechanisms are subjects of ongoing research.
Enhancement and modulation of cosmic noise absorption in the afternoon sector at subauroral location (L = 5) during the recovery phase of 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm
Authors: Behera Jayanta K. , Sinha Ashwini K. , Vichare Geeta , Bhaskar Ankush , Honary Farideh , Rawat Rahul , Singh Rajesh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe present study has focused on the intense production of cosmic noise absorption (CNA) at Maitri, Antarctica (L = 5; CGM −62°S, 55°E) during the early recovery phase of the largest storm of the current solar cycle commenced on 17 March 2015 St. Patrick's Day. The enhancement of CNA during 15–18 UT(14–17 magnetic local time (MLT); MLT = UT − 1 at Maitri) was as large as the CNA enhancement occurred during the main phase of the storm. During this time the CNA pattern also exhibits oscillation in the Pc5 (2–7 mHz) range and is in simultaneity with geomagnetic pulsations in the same frequency range. We observed the amplitude of CNA pulsation is well correlated with the level of CNA production. High‐amplitude Pc5 oscillations were observed in the vicinity of auroral oval near Maitri. Absence of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves is marked suggesting the possible role of VLF waves in precipitation. The reason for the intense CNA production is found to be the precipitation caused mainly by hiss‐driven subrelativistic electrons. The CNA enhancement event is located well inside the dusk plasmaspheric bulge region as suggested by Tsurutani et al. (2015). Signature of enhanced eastward electrojet at Maitri during 14–17 MLT could be an additional factor for such large CNA. In order to establish the cause and effect relationship between the geomagnetic and CNA oscillations at Maitri, transfer entropy method has been used, which confirmed the modulation of CNA by geomagnetic pulsations.
Patterns in stream greenhouse gas dynamics from mountains to plains in northcentral Wyoming
Authors: Kuhn C. , Bettigole C. , Glick H. B. , Seegmiller L. , Oliver C. D. , Raymond P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractQuantification of small stream contributions to global carbon cycling is key to understanding how freshwater systems transmit and transform carbon between terrestrial and atmospheric pools. To date, greenhouse gas emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from freshwaters, particularly in mountainous regions, remain poorly characterized due to a lack of direct field observations. Using a unique longitudinal approach, we conducted field surveys across two ecoregions (Middle Rockies and Great Plains) in the Clear Creek watershed, a subwatershed of Wyoming's Powder River Basin. We took direct measurements of stream gases using headspace sampling at 30 sites (8 June to 23 October). We observed the lowest and most variable concentrations in headwaters, which flow through a federally designated alpine wilderness area. By contrast, the Great Plains exhibited 1.45 and 4 times higher pCO2 and pCH4 concentrations and the relative contributions of methane increased downstream. Fluxes during snowmelt were 45% and 58% higher for CO2 and CH4 than during base flow but overall were lower than estimates for other systems. Variability for pCO2 was highest during late summer and in the uppermost sections of the headwaters. The high heterogeneity and common undersaturation observed through space and time, especially in the mountains, suggest that downscaled regional estimates may fail to capture variability in fluxes observed at these smaller scales. Based on these results, we strongly recommend higher resolution time series studies and increased scrutiny of systems at near equilibrium, inclusive of winter storage and ice‐off events, to improve our understanding of the effects of seasonal dynamics on these processes.
Phthalates – Method for the determination of nine phthalates in workplace air using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) [Air Monitoring Methods, 2017]
Authors: Nitschke L. , Breuer D. , Frenzen A. , Heinrich B. , Hebisch R. , Brock T.H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination of several phthalates such as dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, diallyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate and bis(2‐propylheptyl) phthalate in workplace air. With this method airborne phthalates in the gaseous state as well as bound to particles are collected simultaneously. Sampling is performed by drawing a defined volume of air through a sampling system consisting of a glass fibre filter located in a GSP sampling head and an adsorption tube filled with PU foam connected downstream using a suitable pump. The flow rate is set to 1 L/min with a recommended air sample volume of 60 to 120 litres. For sample preparation the collected phthalates are desorbed from the sample carriers (filter and PU foam) with 1,4‐dioxane. The sample solution is analysed by means of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The quantitative determination is based on calibration functions obtained by means of multiple‐point calibrations. The limit of quantification for an individual phthalate is between 0.015 and 0.096 mg/m
3
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Joint Publication of the Analytical Subcommittee of the Chemistry Board of Experts of the Expert Committee Raw Materials and Chemical Industry of the German Social Accident Insurance and the Working Group “Air Analyses” of the Permanent Senate Commission of the DFG for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area.