bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of conversational overlap in content on child language growth
Authors: CHE ELIZABETH S. , BROOKS PATRICIA J. , ALARCON MARIA F. , YANNACO FRANCIS D. , DONNELLY SEAMUS 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWhen engaged in conversation, both parents and children tend to re-use words that their partner has just said. This study explored whether proportions of maternal and/or child utterances that overlapped in content with what their partner had just said contributed to growth in mean length of utterance (MLU), developmental sentence score, and vocabulary diversity over time. We analyzed the New England longitudinal corpus from the CHILDES database, comprising transcripts of mother–child conversations at 14, 20, and 32 months, using the CHIP command to compute proportions of utterances with overlapping content. Rates of maternal overlap, but not child overlap, at earlier time-points predicted child language outcomes at later time-points, after controlling for earlier child MLU. We suggest that maternal overlap plays a formative role in child language development by providing content that is immediately relevant to what the child has in mind.
Relationship between ion migration and interfacial degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells under thermal conditions
Authors: Kim Seongtak , Bae Soohyun , Lee Sang-Won , Cho Kyungjin , Lee Kyung Dong , Kim Hyunho , Park Sungeun , Kwon Guhan , Ahn Seh-Won , Lee Heon-Min , Kang Yoonmook , Lee Hae-Seok , Kim Donghwan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOrganic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been extensively studied because of their outstanding performance: a power conversion efficiency exceeding 22% has been achieved. The most commonly used PSCs consist of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) with a hole-selective contact, such as 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9-spiro-bifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), for collecting holes. From the perspective of long-term operation of solar cells, the cell performance and constituent layers (MAPbI3, spiro-OMeTAD, etc.) may be influenced by external conditions like temperature, light, etc. Herein, we report the effects of temperature on spiro-OMeTAD and the interface between MAPbI3 and spiro-OMeTAD in a solar cell. It was confirmed that, at high temperatures (85 °C), I− and CH3NH3+ (MA+) diffused into the spiro-OMeTAD layer in the form of CH3NH3I (MAI). The diffused I− ions prevented oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD, thereby degrading the electrical properties of spiro-OMeTAD. Since ion diffusion can occur during outdoor operation, the structural design of PSCs must be considered to achieve long-term stability.
Elastic turbulence in entangled semi-dilute DNA solutions measured with optical coherence tomography velocimetry
Authors: Malm A. V. , Waigh T. A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe flow instabilities of solutions of high molecular weight DNA in the entangled semi-dilute concentration regime were investigated using optical coherence tomography velocimetry, a technique that provides high spatial (probe volumes of 3.4 pL) and temporal resolution (sub μs) information on the flow behaviour of complex fluids in a rheometer. The velocity profiles of the opaque DNA solutions (high and low salt) were measured as a function of the distance across the gap of a parallel plate rheometer, and their evolution over time was measured. At lower DNA concentrations and low shear rates, the velocity fluctuations were well described by Gaussian functions and the velocity gradient was uniform across the rheometer gap, which is expected for Newtonian flows. As the DNA concentration and shear rate were increased there was a stable wall slip regime followed by an evolving wall slip regime, which is finally followed by the onset of elastic turbulence. Strain localization (shear banding) is observed on the boundaries of the flows at intermediate shear rates, but decreases in the high shear elastic turbulence regime, where bulk strain localization occurs. A dynamic phase diagram for non-linear flow was created to describe the different behaviours.
Transcriptomic response of durum wheat to nitrogen starvation
Authors: Curci Pasquale L. , Aiese Cigliano Riccardo , Zuluaga Diana L. , Janni Michela , Sanseverino Walter , Sonnante Gabriella 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNitrogen (N) is a key macronutrient representing a limiting factor for plant growth and development and affects productivity in wheat. In this study, durum wheat response to N chronic starvation during grain filling was investigated through a transcriptomic approach in roots, leaves/stems, flag leaf and spikes of cv. Svevo. Nitrogen stress negatively influenced plant height, tillering, flag leaf area, spike and seed traits, and total N content. RNA-seq data revealed 4,626 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Most transcriptomic changes were observed in roots, with 3,270 DEGs, while 963 were found in leaves/stems, 470 in flag leaf, and 355 in spike tissues. A total of 799 gene ontology (GO) terms were identified, 180 and 619 among the upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. Among the most addressed GO categories, N compound metabolism, carbon metabolism, and photosynthesis were mostly represented. Interesting DEGs, such as N transporters, genes involved in N assimilation, along with transcription factors, protein kinases and other genes related to stress were highlighted. These results provide valuable information about the transcriptomic response to chronic N stress in durum wheat, which could be useful for future improvement of N use efficiency.
Methyl parathion detection in vegetables and fruits using silver@graphene nanoribbons nanocomposite modified screen printed electrode
Authors: Govindasamy Mani , Mani Veerappan , Chen Shen-Ming , Chen Tse-Wei , Sundramoorthy Ashok Kumar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe have developed a sensitive electrochemical sensor for Organophosphorus pesticide methyl parathion (MP) using silver particles supported graphene nanoribbons (Ag@GNRs). The Ag@GNRs nanocomposite was prepared through facile wet chemical strategy and characterized by TEM, EDX, XRD, Raman, UV-visible, electrochemical and impedance spectroscopies. The Ag@GNRs film modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) delivers excellent electrocatalytic ability to the reduction of MP. The Ag@GNRs/SPCE detects sub-nanomolar concentrations of MP with excellent selectivity. The synergic effects between special electrocatalytic ability of Ag and excellent physicochemical properties of GNRs (large surface area, high conductivity, high area-normalized edge-plane structures and abundant catalytic sites) make the composite highly suitable for MP sensing. Most importantly, the method is successfully demonstrated in vegetables and fruits which revealed its potential real-time applicability in food analysis.
Red light improves spermatozoa motility and does not induce oxidative DNA damage
Authors: Preece Daryl , Chow Kay W. , Gomez-Godinez Veronica , Gustafson Kyle , Esener Selin , Ravida Nicole , Durrant Barbara , Berns Michael W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe ability to successfully fertilize ova relies upon the swimming ability of spermatozoa. Both in humans and in animals, sperm motility has been used as a metric for the viability of semen samples. Recently, several studies have examined the efficacy of low dosage red light exposure for cellular repair and increasing sperm motility. Of prime importance to the practical application of this technique is the absence of DNA damage caused by radiation exposure. In this study, we examine the effect of 633 nm coherent, red laser light on sperm motility using a novel wavelet-based algorithm that allows for direct measurement of curvilinear velocity under red light illumination. This new algorithm gives results comparable to the standard computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. We then assess the safety of red light treatment of sperm by analyzing, (1) the levels of double-strand breaks in the DNA, and (2) oxidative damage in the sperm DNA. The results demonstrate that for the parameters used there are insignificant differences in oxidative DNA damage as a result of irradiation.
Label-free single-cell separation and imaging of cancer cells using an integrated microfluidic system
Authors: Antfolk Maria , Kim Soo Hyeon , Koizumi Saori , Fujii Teruo , Laurell Thomas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide and metastatic disease, through the spread of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), is responsible for the majority of the cancer deaths. Accurate monitoring of CTC levels in blood provides clinical information supporting therapeutic decision making, and improved methods for CTC enumeration are asked for. Microfluidics has been extensively used for this purpose but most methods require several post-separation processing steps including concentration of the sample before analysis. This induces a high risk of sample loss of the collected rare cells. Here, an integrated system is presented that efficiently eliminates this risk by integrating label-free separation with single cell arraying of the target cell population, enabling direct on-chip tumor cell identification and enumeration. Prostate cancer cells (DU145) spiked into a sample with whole blood concentration of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fraction were efficiently separated and trapped at a recovery of 76.2 ± 5.9% of the cancer cells and a minute contamination of 0.12 ± 0.04% PBMCs while simultaneously enabling a 20x volumetric concentration. This constitutes a first step towards a fully integrated system for rapid label-free separation and on-chip phenotypic characterization of circulating tumor cells from peripheral venous blood in clinical practice.
Modulation Doping of Silicon using Aluminium-induced Acceptor States in Silicon Dioxide
Authors: König Dirk , Hiller Daniel , Gutsch Sebastian , Zacharias Margit , Smith Sean 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAll electronic, optoelectronic or photovoltaic applications of silicon depend on controlling majority charge carriers via doping with impurity atoms. Nanoscale silicon is omnipresent in fundamental research (quantum dots, nanowires) but also approached in future technology nodes of the microelectronics industry. In general, silicon nanovolumes, irrespective of their intended purpose, suffer from effects that impede conventional doping due to fundamental physical principles such as out-diffusion, statistics of small numbers, quantum- or dielectric confinement. In analogy to the concept of modulation doping, originally invented for III-V semiconductors, we demonstrate a heterostructure modulation doping method for silicon. Our approach utilizes a specific acceptor state of aluminium atoms in silicon dioxide to generate holes as majority carriers in adjacent silicon. By relocating the dopants from silicon to silicon dioxide, Si nanoscale doping problems are circumvented. In addition, the concept of aluminium-induced acceptor states for passivating hole selective tunnelling contacts as required for high-efficiency photovoltaics is presented and corroborated by first carrier lifetime and tunnelling current measurements.
Sex differences in micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Maric-Bilkan Christine 
Published: April 2017

Vascular complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both men and women with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus, however the prevalence, progression and pathophysiology of both microvascular (nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy) and macrovascular [coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and stroke] disease are different in the two sexes. In general, men appear to be at a higher risk for diabetic microvascular complications, while the consequences of macrovascular complications may be greater in women. Interestingly, in the absence of diabetes, women have a far lower risk of either micro- or macro-vascular disease compared with men for much of their lifespan. Thus, the presence of diabetes confers greater risk for vascular complications in women compared with men and some of the potential reasons, including contribution of sex hormones and sex-specific risk factors are discussed in this review. There is a growing body of evidence that sex hormones play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular function. While estrogens are generally considered to be cardioprotective and androgens detrimental to cardiovascular health, recent findings challenge these assumptions and demonstrate diversity and complexity of sex hormone action on target tissues, especially in the setting of diabetes. While some progress has been made toward understanding the underlying mechanisms of sex differences in the pathophysiology of diabetic vascular complications, many questions and controversies remain. Future research leading to understanding of these mechanisms may contribute to personalized- and sex-specific treatment for diabetic micro- and macro-vascular disease.
Contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions for various noise signals
Authors: Kalaiah Mohan Kumar , Nanchirakal Jilda Fathima , Kharmawphlang Larisa , Noronah Sharel Caroline 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
Efferent auditory system has an inhibitory function in the auditory system, and has been hypothesized to improve speech perception in noise. The function of efferent auditory system can be measured non-invasively using suppression of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). OAEs are very small amplitude sounds generated in the cochlea by motile function of outer hair cells, and activation of the efferent system reduces the amplitude of OAEs, referred as suppression of OAEs. Several studies have been carried out by various investigators to understand the role of efferent auditory pathways during auditory processing. These investigations have used white noise, narrowband noise, pure-tones, modulated tones, etc., to activate the efferent system. However, in real-life situation, these noises are seldom found, hence the findings of above investigations may not be readily generalized to real-life situations. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of real-life noise signals on the suppression of OAEs.

Method:
A total of 19 young adults aged between 18 and 23 years participated in the study. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were recorded with and without suppressor signal in contralateral ear conditions. Suppressor signals included white noise, amplitude-modulated noise, and real-life noise signals. The amount of suppression elicited by these noise signals were measured and compared across the noise conditions.

Results:
Findings of present study shows the largest suppression of TEOAE for white noise. In contrast, speech babble elicited least suppression of TEOAE compared to other noise signals used in the present investigation. For amplitude-modulated noise, the amount of suppression increased with modulation frequency of noise. Among real-life noise signals, the suppression was largest for cafeteria noise compared with traffic noise.

Conclusion:
Real-life noise signals used in the present study also elicited suppression, but the amount of suppression was found to be variable depending on the type of noise.
Introduction
Authors: Francez Itamar , Koontz-Garboden Andrew 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Introduction constructs the theoretical backdrop for the book by discussing two competing approaches to variation in the expression of translational equivalents. It begins by discussing the notion of translational equivalence, which underpins all work on morphosyntactic variation. It then lays out the two contrasting approaches: ‘uniformity’, and ‘transparency’, using them to frame a case study of variation in property concept sentences. Uniformity has it that the observed morphosyntactic differences reflect variation in the inventory and phonological realization of functional heads, but not in semantics, at least of open class elements. Transparency, by contrast, has it that the observed variation in form reflects variation in semantics.
The locus of variation in property concept sentences
Authors: Francez Itamar , Koontz-Garboden Andrew 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This chapter contrasts the uniformity and transparency approaches to explaining variation in the domain of property concept sentences, examining their respective predictions with case studies from Ulwa and Malayalam. Two ways of spelling out a uniformity-based analysis are exemplified, and contrasted with the transparency-based Lexical Semantic Variation Hypothesis, which is argued to be superior on empirical and theoretical grounds. The broader consequence is that not all morphosyntactic variation can be reduced to variation in morphophonology and functional vocabulary; differences in the meaning of open class lexical items exist, and give rise to deep differences in morphosyntactic expression of translational equivalents.
Quality nouns and other mass nouns
Authors: Francez Itamar , Koontz-Garboden Andrew 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This chapter considers the relation between qualities and masses, showing that the order-theoretic difference here posited between them—qualities are ordered by a preorder called size and a mereological partial order, whereas masses are only ordered by the latter—explains a range of interpretational and distributional contrasts between quality and mass-denoting nouns in various languages, in contexts such as exclamatives and count quantifiers. The result is not only further support for the proposed semantics of qualities, but a genuinely novel contribution to the understanding of abstract mass nouns.
Coordination through an Asian Lens
Authors: Lin Justin Yifu , Vu Khuong Minh 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
African countries are facing great opportunities but also formidable challenges in their attempt to accelerate economic growth and also sustain a high level of economic performance. This chapter shows that the experiences of East Asian countries may offer valuable insights for African leaders and governments in making concerted efforts to formulate and implement effective industrial policy for dynamic structural transformation and inclusive growth. To this end, this chapter presents useful lessons from selected East Asian countries, organized into five strategic dimensions in an ‘ASIAN’ framework: (i) Aspiration; (ii) Strategy; (iii) Implementation; (iv) Acquisition of knowledge; and (v) Nurturing of human capital formation.
State–Business Relations as Drivers of Economic Performance
Authors: Lemma Alberto , Velde Dirk Willem te 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This chapter looks at effective state–business relations (SBRs), which have been lacking in industrial policy-thinking despite the strong theoretical case for them. The empirical study of SBRs in developing countries has emerged only recently, with notable contributions starting in the mid-1990s, developing further in the 2000s, and gaining more general acceptance in the 2010s. The evidence suggests that effective SBRs can matter for economic performance. The case studies suggest that SBRs can be effective (Mauritius) but also ineffective (Malawi). The quantitative evidence further suggests that high scores on SBRs measures are related to higher economic growth and firm-level productivity.
The Industrial Policy Experience of the Electronics Industry in Malaysia
Authors: Rasiah Rajah 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Despite the use of industrial policies to stimulate economic growth by several successful developers, latecomers have faced mixed experiences. Hence, this chapter analyses the industrial policy experience of the electronics industry in Malaysia. A blend of institutions has guided technological upgrading in the industry, especially in the state of Penang. Smooth coordination between the state government, multinational corporations (MNCs), national firms, and the federal government helped stimulate technological upgrading in Penang. However, the lack of a critical mass of human capital and support from research and development (R&D) organizations has discouraged the transformation of firms in the industry to become global players.
A Natural Experiment of Industrial Policy
Authors: Gebreeyesus Mulu 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Ethiopia represents an excellent case study of recent industrial policy experimentation in Africa. The country is well known for its successful promotion of the cut-flower industry through business–government coordination. What is less known is that, at almost the same time, it was also using coordination to promote the metal and engineering industry, albeit with little success. This study provides comparative analysis of the policy process and outcomes of the interventions in these two industries. Examining why one intervention worked and the other failed in the same political context and institutional setting provides a natural experiment from which to draw valuable lessons.
A Public Figure
Authors: Barnes Jonathan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
‘A public figure‘ discusses Aristotle’s second period in Athens, the cultural capital of the Greek world. He taught regularly in the Lyceum, believing that knowledge and teaching were inseparable. His own researches were frequently carried out in a research team and his results communicated to his friends and pupils. By the 330s, he clearly had some reputation as a scholar since he was invited to draw up the victory lists at Delphi, a task requiring historical research. Other historical projects include the Constitutions of States, which included a brief constitutional history of Athens, and a descriptive survey of Athenian political institutions. In 322 BC Aristotle left Athens for political reasons.
Knowledge
Authors: Barnes Jonathan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Whereas the Prior Analytics derives the theorems of a science from its axioms, the Posterior Analytics is concerned with the nature of the axioms themselves, and hence the general form of an axiomatized deductive science. A science is meant to systematize our knowledge of its subject-matter, so its component axioms and theorems must be propositions which are known and satisfy the conditions set upon knowledge. ‘Knowledge’ reveals these. The first condition is one of causality. Clearly, the axioms must be true. Equally clearly, they must be ‘immediate and primary’. The axioms must be ‘more known’ than the theorems and, finally, they must be ‘prior to and causes of the conclusion’.
Teleology
Authors: Barnes Jonathan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Aristotle had a teleological view of nature. Natural behaviour and natural structure usually have final causes, but these are constrained by necessity: nature does the best she can ‘in the circumstances’. Aristotle’s teleology is sometimes summed up in the slogan ‘Nature does nothing in vain’, and he himself frequently uses similar aphorisms. ‘Nature does nothing in vain’ is a regulative principle for scientific enquiry. ‘Teleology’ asserts that, even though Aristotle knew that some aspects of nature are functionless, he recognized that a grasp of function is crucial to understanding nature. References to the prudence of nature are not childish superstition, but reminders of a central task of the natural scientist.
The Arts
Authors: Barnes Jonathan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Poetics consists largely of the theory and criticism of tragic drama. Aristotle, however, saw the work as a contribution to ‘productive’ science, telling us how to produce a work of art. All art, Aristotle thought, is a matter of ‘imitation’ of human life, and, particularly, human action. ‘The Arts’ tells us that, of the six elements of tragedy Aristotle distinguished — plot, character, language, thought, spectacle, song — plot is the most important. It is through its plot that a tragedy will be ‘complete’, and will perform its purgative function. By its organic unity, and its implicit universality, the story works upon the feelings of the audience.