bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidation and identification of amino acid containing membrane lipids using liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Moore Eli K. , Hopmans Ellen C. , Rijpstra W. Irene C. , Villanueva Laura , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. 
Published: February 2016

RationaleIntact polar lipids (IPLs) are the building blocks of cell membranes, and amino acid containing IPLs have been observed to be involved in response to changing environmental conditions in various species of bacteria. High‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) has become the primary method for analysis of IPLs. Many glycerol‐free amino acid containing membrane lipids (AA‐IPLs), which are structurally different than abundant aminophospholipids, have not been characterized using HPLC/MS. This results in many lipids remaining unrecognized in IPL analysis of microbial cultures and environmental samples, hampering the study of their occurrence and functionality.MethodsWe analyzed the amino acid containing IPLs of a number of bacteria (i.e. Gluconobacter cerinus, Cyclobacterium marinus, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and Pedobacter heparinus) in order to decipher fragmentation pathways, and explore potential novel lipid structures using HPLC/electrospray ionization ion trap MS (HPLC/ESI‐IT‐MS) and HPLC/high‐resolution MS (HPLC/HRMS).ResultsWe report differentiation between glutamine and lysine lipids with the same nominal masses, novel MS fragmentation pathways of cytolipin, the lipopeptides cerilipin and flavolipin, head group hydroxylated ornithine lipids, and the novel identification of cerilipin with a hydroxylated fatty acid.ConclusionsNon‐glycerol AA lipids can be readily recognized as their fragmentation follows a clear pattern with initial dehydration or other loss from the head group, followed by fatty acid losses resulting in a diagnostic fragment ion. Higher level MSn and HRMS are valuable tools in characterizing AA lipid head group structural components. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovering an active subspace in a single‐diode solar cell model
Authors: Constantine Paul G. , Zaharatos Brian , Campanelli Mark 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPredictions from science and engineering models depend on the values of the model's input parameters. As the number of parameters increases, algorithmic parameter studies such as optimization and uncertainty quantification require many more model evaluations. One way to combat this curse of dimensionality is to seek an alternative parameterization with fewer variables that produces comparable predictions. The active subspace is a low‐dimensional linear subspace defined by important directions in the model's input space; input perturbations along these directions change the model's prediction more, on average, than perturbations orthogonal to the important directions. We describe a method for checking if a model admits an exploitable active subspace and apply this method to a single‐diode solar cell model with five input parameters. We find that the maximum power of the solar cell has a dominant one‐dimensional active subspace, which enables us to perform thorough parameter studies in one dimension instead of five.
Modeling supernovae light curves: An application of hierarchical smoothing splines
Authors: Reese C. Shane , Spencer Brittany S. , Ball Erika L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWith large data collection projects such as the Dark Energy Survey underway, data from distant supernovae (SNe) are becoming increasingly available. As the quantity of information increases, the ability to quickly and accurately classify SNe has become essential. An area of great interest is the development of a strictly photometric classification mechanism. The first step in the advancement of modern photometric classification is the estimation of individual Supernova (SN) light curves. We propose the use of hierarchical Gaussian processes to model light curves. Individual SN light curves are assigned a Gaussian process prior centered at a type‐specific mean curve which is also assigned a Gaussian process prior. Properties inherent in this Bayesian non‐parametric form of modeling yield flexible yet smooth curves estimates with a unique quantification of the error surrounding these curve estimates. Specifying the hierarchical structure relates individual SN light curves in such a way that borrowing strength across curves is possible. This allows for the estimation of SN light curves in entirety even when data are sparse. Additionally, it also yields a meaningful representation of SN class differences in the form of mean curves. The differences inherent in these mean curves may eventually allow for classification of SNe.
Inhibition of MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth by apigenin through induction of G2/M arrest and histone H3 acetylation‐mediated p21WAF1/CIP1 expression
Authors: Tseng Tsui‐Hwa , Chien Ming‐Hsien , Lin Wea‐Lung , Wen Yu‐Ching , Chow Jyh‐Ming , Chen Chi‐Kuan , Kuo Tsang‐Chih , Lee Wei‐Jiunn 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTApigenin (4′,5,7‐trihydroxyflavone), a flavonoid commonly found in fruits and vegetables, has anticancer properties in various malignant cancer cells. However, the molecular basis of the anticancer effect remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying the induction of cell cycle arrest by apigenin. Our results showed that apigenin at the nonapoptotic induction concentration inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in the MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell line. Immunoblot analysis indicated that apigenin suppressed the expression of cyclin A, cyclin B, and cyclin‐dependent kinase‐1 (CDK1), which control the G2‐to‐M phase transition in the cell cycle. In addition, apigenin upregulated p21WAF1/CIP1 and increased the interaction of p21WAF1/CIP1 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), which inhibits cell cycle progression. Furthermore, apigenin significantly inhibited histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and induced histone H3 acetylation. The subsequent chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay indicated that apigenin increased acetylation of histone H3 in the p21WAF1/CIP1 promoter region, resulting in the increase of p21WAF1/CIP1 transcription. In a tumor xenograft model, apigenin effectively delayed tumor growth. In these apigenin‐treated tumors, we also observed reductions in the levels of cyclin A and cyclin B and increases in the levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 and acetylated histone H3. These findings demonstrate for the first time that apigenin can be used in breast cancer prevention and treatment through epigenetic regulation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 434–444, 2017.
Evaluating a portable cylindrical bait trap to capture diamondback terrapins in salt marsh
Authors: Henry Paula F. P. , Haramis G. Michael , Day Daniel D. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTDiamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) are currently in decline across much of their historical range, and demographic data on a regional scale are needed to identify where their populations are at greatest risk. Because terrapins residing in salt marshes are difficult to capture, we designed a cylindrical bait trap (CBT) that could be deployed in shallow tidal waters. From 2003 to 2006, trials were conducted with CBTs in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland (USA) to determine terrapin sex, size, and age distribution within 3 salt marsh interior habitats—open bays, tidal guts, and broken marshes—using 15 traps/habitat. Analyses based on 791 total captures with CBTs indicate that smaller terrapins, (i.e., adult male and subadult) were more prevalent within the transecting tidal guts and broken marshes, whereas the adult females were more evenly distributed among habitats, including open bays. Subadult females made up the largest percent of catch in the CBTs deployed within the 3 marsh interior habitats. During a 12‐day trial in which we compared capture performance of CBTs and modified fyke nets along open shorelines during the nesting season, fyke nets outperformed CBTs by accounting for 95.2% of the 604 terrapin captures. Although the long drift leads of the fyke nets proved more effective for intercepting along‐shore travel of adult female terrapins during the nesting season, CBTs provided a more effective means of live‐trapping terrapins within the shallow interior marshes. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A comparison of acoustic monitoring methods for common anurans of the northeastern United States
Authors: Brauer Corinne L. , Donovan Therese M. , Mickey Ruth M. , Katz Jonathan , Mitchell Brian R. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTMany anuran monitoring programs now include autonomous recording units (ARUs). These devices collect audio data for extended periods of time with little maintenance and at sites where traditional call surveys might be difficult. Additionally, computer software programs have grown increasingly accurate at automatically identifying the calls of species. However, increased automation may cause increased error. We collected 435 min of audio data with 2 types of ARUs at 10 wetland sites in Vermont and New York, USA, from 1 May to 1 July 2010. For each minute, we determined presence or absence of 4 anuran species (Hyla versicolor, Pseudacris crucifer, Anaxyrus americanus, and Lithobates clamitans) using 1) traditional human identification versus 2) computer‐mediated identification with software package, Song Scope® (Wildlife Acoustics, Concord, MA). Detections were compared with a data set consisting of verified calls in order to quantify false positive, false negative, true positive, and true negative rates. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed a strong (P < 0.001) 3‐way interaction between the ARU recorder type, identification method, and focal species, as well as a trend in the main effect of rain (P = 0.059). Overall, human surveyors had the lowest total error rate (<2%) compared with 18–31% total errors with automated methods. Total error rates varied by species, ranging from 4% for A. americanus to 26% for L. clamitans. The presence of rain may reduce false negative rates. For survey minutes where anurans were known to be calling, the odds of a false negative were increased when fewer individuals of the same species were calling. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Cryptic impact: Visual detection of corona light and avoidance of power lines by reindeer
Authors: Tyler Nicholas J. C. , Stokkan Karl‐Arne , Hogg Christopher R. , Nellemann Christian , Vistnes Arnt Inge 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTAssessing the impact of human development on animals is complicated by the fact that overt effects may have covert causes. Cryptic impacts (sensu Raiter et al. 2014) can arise where sensory stimuli to which species respond fall outside the human sensory range. Ultraviolet (UV) light, which is detected by a range of nonprimate mammals, is a potential example. We review evidence that dark‐adapted eyes of reindeer–caribou Rangifer tarandus can detect light at 330–410 nm emitted by electrical corona on high‐voltage power lines, which is necessarily barely visible to humans. Based on this, we suggest that the superior ability of Rangifer to detect corona UV light may partly account for the tendency of the animals to avoid power lines. Rangifer has UV‐permissive ocular media that transmit approximately 15 times more corona light than human eyes. Retinal irradiance under full dilation is in the order of 7 times greater in Rangifer compared with humans. Seasonal transformation of the tapetum lucidum substantially increases retinal sensitivity in this species in winter. Threshold distances of detection of corona by Rangifer are in the order of hundreds of meters. Displays of corona may catch the animals' attention, and plume coronas, in particular, may induce the illusion of motion (the phi phenomenon), thereby falsely signaling the presence of potential predators. Both features are likely to increase wariness and cause animals to withdraw from the source of the stimulus. We suggest that spatial and temporal variability of corona contributes to substantial variation observed in the strength and persistence of avoidance responses in Rangifer at these structures. © 2016 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
A Quantitative Method of Analysis for Sterol Glycosides in Biodiesel and FAME Using GC‐FID
Authors: Montpetit A. , Tremblay A. Y. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSterol glycosides (SG) are known to cause filter blocking problems in biodiesel use. The extraction and quantitative analysis of SG is difficult due to its low problematic concentration and its compatibility with biodiesel. The purpose of this study is to develop a method to quantify SG in FAME and biodiesel using gas chromatography and other equipment found in laboratories performing routine biodiesel analyses. SG was isolated from FAME using n‐dodecane, acidification and cold soaking, followed by cold centrifugation at −8 to −15 °C. The solids obtained were further separated by phase partition with a Folch wash, followed by a final n‐dodecane rinse. This solution was analyzed by GC‐FID using the operating conditions outlined in ASTM D6584. A calibration curve for SG was produced and a first order fit gave a value of r2 = 0.992. Reproducibility tests were performed on soybean FAME and B100 canola biodiesel samples spiked with SG. The recovery of SG by the new method was found to be 99 % for soy FAME with a standard deviation of 0.7 and 100 % for B100 canola with a standard deviation of 3.5 %. The reproducibility based on two standard deviations of the predicted concentration for all 12 spiked samples studied in this work was 2.4 ppm.
Response style and severity and chronicity of depressive disorders in primary health care
Authors: Riihimäki K. , Vuorilehto M. , Jylhä P. , Isometsä E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundResponse styles theory of depression postulates that rumination is a central factor in occurrence, severity and maintaining of depression. High neuroticism has been associated with tendency to ruminate. We investigated associations of response styles and neuroticism with severity and chronicity of depression in a primary care cohort study.MethodsIn the Vantaa Primary Care Depression Study, a stratified random sample of 1119 adult patients was screened for depression using the Prime-MD. Depressive and comorbid psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using SCID-I/P and SCID-II interviews. Of the 137 patients with depressive disorders, 82% completed the prospective five-year follow-up with a graphic life chart enabling evaluation of the longitudinal course of episodes. Neuroticism was measured with the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI-Q). Response styles were investigated at five years using the Response Styles Questionnaire (RSQ-43).ResultsAt five years, rumination correlated significantly with scores of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (r = 0.54), Beck Depression Inventory (r = 0.61), Beck Anxiety Inventory (r = 0.50), Beck Hopelessness Scale (r = 0.51) and Neuroticism (r = 0.58). Rumination correlated also with proportion of follow-up time spent depressed (r = 0.38). In multivariate regression, high rumination was significantly predicted by current depressive symptoms and neuroticism, but not by anxiety symptoms or preceding duration of depressive episodes.ConclusionsAmong primary care patients with depression, rumination correlated with current severity of depressive symptoms, but the association with preceding episode duration remained uncertain. The association between neuroticism and rumination was strong. The findings are consistent with rumination as a state-related phenomenon, which is also strongly intertwined with traits predisposing to depression.
Educación y proyecto vital en un mundo en colapso civilizatorio. Parte I
Authors: Viniegra Velázquez Leonardo 
Published: February 2016

Este ensayo en dos partes supone un colapso civilizatorio en curso, que justifica inquirir en los procesos forjadores de subjetividades: la educación y el proyecto vital, que subyacen a la permisividad social incapaz de impedir la ruina (moral) de la civilización. Se especifica a la educación pasiva, de vigencia universal, como el origen de esa permisividad al formar sujetos individualistas, acríticos, pasivos y manipulables por los medios de control social al servicio del sistema de dominación. Se caracteriza la educación participativa divergente de la pasiva, con base en la idea de participación: protagonismo del sujeto en la elaboración de su propio conocimiento a través del ejercicio de la crítica. La educación participativa promueve el aprendizaje con sentido crítico cuya materia prima es la reflexión sobre la experiencia vital: las vivencias con mayor significado afectivo, que permite vincular afectividad y cognición lo cual hace posible la elaboración del propio conocimiento (del sí mismo y del contexto). Este proceso conduce al esclarecimiento de conflictos de la experiencia vital y a estrategias de superación con efectos gratificantes, lo que suscita pasión por el conocimiento como núcleo del sentido de la vida. Al final se describen experiencias concretas de la educación participativa en dos extremos de la vida: niños pequeños y adultos maduros, mostrando su factibilidad; lo que representa la respuesta del autor al ¿qué hacer? y ¿cómo hacerlo?, ante la quiebra civilizatoria actual.
Ownership of Organs Taken From a Living Person
Authors: Tedeschi Gad (Guido) 
Published: February 2016

Medical recourse to organ transplants and the transfer of other material from the body of one person to that of another has increased steadily over the past few decades. This raises new legal questions, and brings once-thought purely academic questions to the forefront.Organs and other material used for transplants can either be taken from a living person (for example, bone marrow, sperm, or blood); or from a corpse, as is the case with most transplants. Certain material, in particular kidneys, can be taken from both. In Israeli law, this duality in the sources of supply is paralleled by different sources of regulation. With respect to a corpse, the Anatomy and Pathology Law attempts to solve the main problems from a practical point of view. On the other hand, the Israeli legislator has as yet to intervene with respect to the living body.
Three Voices of Socio-Legal Studies
Authors: Feeley Malcolm M. 
Published: February 2016

The connection between law and contemporary social science emerged as a consequence of the quest for social reform. As law became more instrumental, it also became more empirical, more concerned with policy. For this process, it turned to social science. Social science complied and has become an adjunct to law in the quest for solving social problems. As this partnership has developed, the relationship between law and social science has matured. Not only has social science sought to educate and influence law, it has also incorporated law into its own disciplinary concerns. Furthermore, the field of socio-legal studies may be on the verge of establishing itself as a separate and distinct discipline, independent of the practical concerns of law.The scholarly intersection of law and social science — or socio-legal studies, as I shall call it — now speaks with at least three voices addressed to at least three audiences. It speaks as policy analysis, a handmaiden to law. It also speaks in the traditional language of the social sciences. Thirdly, it may be gaining a voice of its own, reflecting a belief that law is a distinct form of ordering that merits its own position among the scholarly disciplines, separate from both scholarly fields and the professional concerns of law. At their core, each of these enterprises entails a distinct voice, a distinct audience, and a distinct agenda.
Interpretation in Law: Chief Justice Barak's Theory
Authors: Shalev Gabriela 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to give a panoramic view of Chief Justice Barak's theory of interpretation, namely the purposive theory, which is contained in a six volume treatise in Hebrew, Interpretation in Law. In order to understand this theory, it is useful to imagine a spectrum where, on the one hand, there is the subjective intent – namely the meaning that can be deduced from the intent of the writer of the text – and, on the other hand, the objective intent – namely the meaning based on the fundamental principles of the legal system. Various legal texts are interpreted by placing them on different points of this spectrum in accordance with the relevant area of law. Accordingly, in defining the purpose of Basic Laws, Barak gives primary regard to the fundamental principles of the system, with very little regard to the intentions of the drafters. In contrast, the purposive interpretation of wills occupies the other end of the spectrum, with maximum regard for the subjective intention of the drafter and a much smaller regard for the fundamental principles of the legal system. After a brief review of the philosophical and theoretical application of the purposive interpretation of various legal texts, the article moves on to demonstrate, through decisions of Chief Justice Barak, the judicial application of the purposive interpretation in two of the most important fields of interpretation: constitutional interpretation and interpretation of contracts.
The External Rights of Cohabiting Couples in Israel
Authors: Lifshitz Shahar 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOne of the outstanding products of civil-secular law in Israel is the institution of cohabitation. In Israeli law, the term “cohabiting couples” is used to refer to couples who conduct marriage-like relationships, but who, from a legal point of view, are not given the legal status of married couples. In Israel there is a trend toward narrowing the legal gap between cohabiting couples and married couples, and broadening the conditions that confer the status of cohabite. In present-day Israeli legal discourse, support for these trends is seen as a secular, liberal and progressive stance, while opposition to them is viewed as religious, moralistic and conservative.This study aimed at enriching the public legal debate on cohabiting couples from a civil liberal point of view. In order to accomplish this task, I wish to re-examine the laws relating to cohabitation, in intention to break the conventional modes of thinking, and examine the laws dealing with cohabitation from an all-encompassing civil viewpoint, one which does not focus specifically on the unique Israeli context. Only after the more general discussion will we consider the position of Israeli law and consider the possibility of applying the general discussion to the specific Israeli context, keeping in mind the role of cohabitation in Israel as an alternative to the religious marriage. Previous projects I have conducted dealt specifically with the internal relationships including the mutual obligations between cohabitants. In this project, I wish to continue probing the Israeli family law situation but this time I wish to broaden the discussion by examining the external rights of cohabiting couples.The discussion will expose the basic flaw in the Israeli context which makes the implementation of a fundamental civil structure difficult in terms of Israeli law. I shall explain why this flaw has a more serious impact in the context of “external rights” than in the context of internal commitment issues. Therefore beyond making proposals for specific amendments in relation to existing cohabitation laws, I shall clarify why it is necessary to develop additional alternatives to marriage which can also provide an alternative to cohabitation.