bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the geologic evolution of Greater Thaumasia, Mars
Authors: Hood Don R. , Judice Taylor , Karunatillake Suniti , Rogers Deanne , Dohm James M. , Susko David , Carnes Lorraine K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Greater Thaumasia region consists of three chemical provinces that include Syria, Solis, and Thaumasia Planae, the Corprates Rise, part of the Thaumasia Highlands, and the transition zone northwest of the Argyre basin. Chemical signatures obtained from the Mars Odyssey Gamma Ray Spectrometer suggest low abundances of K and Th to the west, with low H abundances and high Si abundances to the east, relative to the bulk Martian crust at midlatitudes. These observations are confirmed and quantified with a modified box and whisker analysis that simultaneously captures the degree of deviation and significance of the regionally anomalous chemistry. Motivated by regionally unique chemistry, as well as its diverse geological history, we characterize Greater Thaumasia in terms of chemistry, mineralogy, and mapped geology to determine how such complementary data record the evolution of this region. Our observations are inconsistent with a proposed salt‐lubricated landslide origin, particularly given the lack of chemical or mineralogical signatures to support near‐surface salt deposits that should arise over geological timescales. Our observations instead support magmatic processes, such as mantle evolution over geological time, which may impart the Si‐enriched signature of the eastern portion of Greater Thaumasia as well as the K and Th depletion of the southeastern flank of Syria Planum. While the observed trend of decreasing K and Th from Noachian to Hesperian lavas is inconsistent with previous models of Martian mantle evolution, we see an increase in Ca content at the Noachian‐Hesperian boundary, consistent with predictions from thermodynamic modeling.
Decarboxylative Perfluoroalkylation of Vinyl Bromides with Copper(I) Perfluorocarboxylato Complexes
Authors: Wu Chuyi , Huang Yangjie , Zhang Zhongxing , Weng Zhiqiang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA new decarboxylative perfluoroalkylation of vinyl bromides has been developed. The use of copper(I) trifluoroacetate complex (phen)Cu(O2CCF3) (1) and perfluorocarboxylate complexes [(phen)2Cu](O2CRF) (2; RF=C2F5, n‐C3F7, n‐C4F9, n‐C5F11) as reagents allows for the efficient synthesis of trifluoromethylated and perfluoroalkylated olefins, respectively. Vinyl bromides comprising a range of functionalities (e.g., methoxy, ester, nitrile, nitro, trifluoromethyl, chloride, and benzo[d][1,3]dioxole) were successfully accommodated. The decarboxylative trifluoromethylation and perfluoroalkylation reactions also proceeded with retention of the double‐bond stereochemistry of alkenes after the reaction was completed.
Facile Synthesis of Three‐Dimensional Pt‐TiO2 Nano‐networks: A Highly Active Catalyst for the Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia–Borane
Authors: Khalily Mohammad Aref , Eren Hamit , Akbayrak Serdar , Susapto Hepi Hari , Biyikli Necmi , Özkar Saim , Guler Mustafa O. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) porous metal and metal oxide nanostructures have received considerable interest because organization of inorganic materials into 3D nanomaterials holds extraordinary properties such as low density, high porosity, and high surface area. Supramolecular self‐assembled peptide nanostructures were exploited as an organic template for catalytic 3D Pt‐TiO2 nano‐network fabrication. A 3D peptide nanofiber aerogel was conformally coated with TiO2 by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with angstrom‐level thickness precision. The 3D peptide‐TiO2 nano‐network was further decorated with highly monodisperse Pt nanoparticles by using ozone‐assisted ALD. The 3D TiO2 nano‐network decorated with Pt nanoparticles shows superior catalytic activity in hydrolysis of ammonia–borane, generating three equivalents of H2.
Detection of Isoforms Differing by a Single Charge Unit in Individual Cells
Authors: Tentori Augusto M. , Yamauchi Kevin A. , Herr Amy E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTo measure protein isoforms in individual mammalian cells, we report single‐cell resolution isoelectric focusing (scIEF) and high‐selectivity immunoprobing. Microfluidic design and photoactivatable materials establish the tunable pH gradients required by IEF and precisely control the transport and handling of each 17‐pL cell lysate during analysis. The scIEF assay resolves protein isoforms with resolution down to a single‐charge unit, including both endogenous cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins from individual mammalian cells.
Harnessing the Power of the Water‐Gas Shift Reaction for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ambrosi Andrea , Denmark Scott E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSince its original discovery over a century ago, the water‐gas shift reaction (WGSR) has played a crucial role in industrial chemistry, providing a source of H2 to feed fundamental industrial transformations such as the Haber–Bosch synthesis of ammonia. Although the production of hydrogen remains nowadays the major application of the WGSR, the advent of homogeneous catalysis in the 1970s marked the beginning of a synergy between WGSR and organic chemistry. Thus, the reducing power provided by the CO/H2O couple has been exploited in the synthesis of fine chemicals; not only hydrogenation‐type reactions, but also catalytic processes that require a reductive step for the turnover of the catalytic cycle. Despite the potential and unique features of the WGSR, its applications in organic synthesis remain largely underdeveloped. The topic will be critically reviewed herein, with the expectation that an increased awareness may stimulate new, creative work in the area.
Empowering emerging leaders in marine conservation: the growing swell of inspiration
Authors: Bianco Mariasole , Koss Rebecca , Zischka Katherine 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Young marine conservation leaders can create and mobilize change when they are inspired, empowered and actively involved in decision‐making processes.
This paper provides a journey overview of the opportunities, challenges and commitments for young conservation leader empowerment within the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and its Commissions to create change.
Young conservation leadership contribution to the development and delivery of the 2014 IUCN World Parks Congress highlights the drive by this cohort to inspire and mobilize change.
Global marine conservation initiatives being led by transformative young leaders in partnership with senior leaders with the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas Young Professionals (WCPA YP) group and the recently established IUCN WCPA Young Professionals Marine Task Force are actioning change.
This paper highlights a critical need for the global conservation sector to invest in current and emerging young conservation leaders for creating change.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using the IUCN Green List of Protected and Conserved Areas to promote conservation impact through marine protected areas
Authors: Wells Sue , Addison Prue F.E. , Bueno Paula A. , Costantini Marco , Fontaine Anne , Germain Laurent , Lefebvre Thierry , Morgan Lance , Staub Francis , Wang Bin , White Alan , Zorrilla María X. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

With the number of marine protected areas (MPAs) growing rapidly and progress being made towards protecting 10% of the ocean, as called for by the Convention on Biological Diversity, there is equally a need to increase efforts and provide incentives for effective management of these sites.
The IUCN Green List of Protected and Conserved Areas (GLPCA), a voluntary global standard that protected areas and their agencies may decide to commit to working towards, has been set up to contribute to this.
Protected areas can achieve Green List status by demonstrating a certain performance level and by meeting outcomes measured against a set of defined criteria. An assured verification process is followed before sites are recognized. The GLPCA will thus encourage and identify those protected areas (both terrestrial and marine) that are effectively managed, have equitable governance and achieve significant conservation impacts.
The GLPCA pilot phase announced the first 25 protected areas to meet the criteria at the IUCN World Parks Congress in Sydney in November 2014. These included four MPAs: Iroise Natural Marine Park, Cerbère‐Banyuls Natural Nature Reserve, and Guadeloupe National Park in France, and Gorgona National Park in Colombia. Italy and China also participated in the pilot phase and each has an MPA that is continuing to work towards GLPCA status.
The experiences of these sites are described, as well as three other programmes (two regional and one global) that are being developed to promote improved management of MPAs. This information will be useful for other MPAs considering participation in the GLPCA initiative.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Granzyme A Contributes to Inflammatory Arthritis in Mice Through Stimulation of Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Santiago Llipsy , Menaa Cheikh , Arias Maykel , Martin Praxedis , Jaime‐Sánchez Paula , Metkar Sunil , Comas Laura , Erill Nadina , Gonzalez‐Rumayor Victor , Esser Erica , Galvez Eva M. , Raja Sri , Simon Markus M. , Sprague Stuart M. , Gabay Cem , Martinez‐Lostao Luis , Pardo Julian , Froelich Christopher J. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveGranzyme A (GzmA) levels are elevated in the plasma and synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), suggesting involvement of this protease in the pathogenesis of the disease. GzmA contributes to sepsis by regulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of GzmA to the pathogenesis of RA in vivo and to examine the possibility that GzmA acting via tumor necrosis factor (TNF) stimulates osteoclastogenesis.MethodsInflammatory arthritis induced by type II collagen was evaluated in wild‐type, GzmA‐deficient, and perforin‐deficient mice. The osteoclastogenic potential of GzmA was examined in vitro using bone marrow cells and colony‐forming unit–granulocyte–macrophage (CFU‐GM) cells and in vivo using GzmA‐deficient mice.ResultsGene deletion of GzmA attenuated collagen‐induced arthritis, including serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, joint damage, and bone erosion in affected mice, suggesting that osteoclast activity is reduced in the absence of GzmA. Accordingly, GzmA‐treated bone marrow cells produced multinucleated cells that fulfilled the criteria for mature osteoclasts: tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, β integrin expression, calcitonin receptor expression, and resorptive activity on dentin slices. GzmA appeared to act without accessory cells, and its activity was not affected by osteoprotegerin, suggesting a minor contribution of RANKL. It also induced the expression and secretion of TNF. Neutralization of TNF or stimulation of CFU‐GM cells from TNF–/– mice prevented GzmA‐induced osteoclastogenesis. GzmA‐deficient mice had reduced osteoclastogenesis in vivo (fewer calcitonin receptor–positive multinucleated cells and fewer transcripts for cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and TRAP in joints) and reduced serum levels of C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen.ConclusionGzmA contributes to the joint destruction of RA partly by promoting osteoclast differentiation.
Overexpression of OLE1 enhances stress tolerance and constitutively activates the MAPK HOG pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Nasution Olviyani , Lee Young Mi , Kim Eunjung , Lee Yeji , Kim Wankee , Choi Wonja 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTOLE1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the sole and essential Δ‐9 desaturase catalyzing the conversion of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids. Upon ectopic overexpression of OLE1 in S. cerevisiae, significant increases in the membrane oleic acid content were observed. OLE1‐overexpressing strains displayed enhanced tolerance to various stresses, better proton efflux, lower membrane permeability, and lessened internal hydrogen peroxide content. The OLE1‐mediated enhanced stress tolerance was considerably diminished upon deletion of HOG1, which encodes the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) Hog1 of the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway. Furthermore, OLE1 overexpression constitutively activated Hog1, which remained in the cytoplasm. Hog1 activation was accomplished through the MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) Ssk2, but not Ste11 and Ssk22, the other MAPKKKs of the HOG pathway. Despite its cytoplasmic location, activated Hog1 was able to activate the expression of its canonical targets, including CTT1, HSP12, and STL1, and further, the cAMP and stress response elements present in the promoter. OLE1 overexpression neither caused nor relieved endoplasmic reticulum stress. Individually or in combination, the physiological and molecular changes caused by OLE1 overexpression may contribute to enhanced tolerance to various types of stress. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 620–631. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta-analysis of aberrant lymphatic drainage in recurrent breast cancer
Authors: Ahmed M , Baker R , Rubio I T 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background
Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in recurrent breast cancer offers targeted axillary staging compared with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) or no treatment. The evidence for lymphatic mapping in recurrent breast cancer is reviewed, focusing on aberrant drainage and its implications for patient management.

Methods
A meta-analysis of studies evaluating lymphatic mapping in recurrent breast cancer was performed. Outcomes included sentinel node identification, aberrant lymphatic pathways and metastatic node rates in aberrant drainage and ipsilateral axilla. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95 per cent confidence intervals (c.i.) were estimated using fixed-effect analyses, or random-effects analyses in the event of statistically significant heterogeneity.

Results
Seven studies reported data on lymphatic mapping in 1053 patients with recurrent breast cancer. The intraoperative sentinel node identification rate was 59·6 (95 per cent c.i. 56·7 to 62·6) per cent, and significantly greater when the original axillary surgery was SNB compared with ALND (OR 2·97, 95 per cent c.i. 1·66 to 5·32). The rate of aberrant lymphatic drainage identification was 25·7 (23·0 to 28·3) per cent, and significantly greater when the original axillary surgery was ALND (OR 0·27, 0·19 to 0·38). The metastatic sentinel node rate was 10·4 (8·6 to 12·3) per cent, and a significantly greater metastatic nodal burden was identified in the ipsilateral axilla (OR 6·31, 1·03 to 38·79).

Conclusion
Lymphatic mapping is feasible in recurrent breast cancer. It avoids ALND in over 50 per cent of patients who have undergone SNB, and allows the 4 per cent of patients with metastatically involved aberrant nodes to receive targeted surgical and adjuvant therapies.
In Vitro Investigation of Crosstalk between Fatty Acid and Polyketide Synthases in the Andrimid Biosynthetic Assembly Line
Authors: Ishikawa Fumihiro , Sugimoto Hiroyasu , Kakeya Hideaki 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAndrimid (Adm) synthase, which belongs to the type II system of enzymes, produces Adm in Pantoea agglomerans. The adm biosynthetic gene cluster lacks canonical acyltransferases (ATs) to load the malonyl group to acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), thus suggesting that a malonyl‐CoA ACP transacylase (MCAT) from the fatty acid synthase (FAS) complex provides the essential AT activity in Adm biosynthesis. Here we report that an MCAT is essential for catalysis of the transacylation of malonate from malonyl‐CoA to AdmA polyketide synthase (PKS) ACP in vitro. Catalytic self‐malonylation of AdmA (PKS ACP) was not observed in reactions without MCAT, although many type II PKS ACPs are capable of catalyzing self‐acylation. This lack of self‐malonylation was explained by amino acid sequence analysis of the AdmA PKS ACP and the type II PKS ACPs. The results show that MCAT from the organism's FAS complex can provide the missing AT activity in trans, thus suggesting a protein–protein interaction between the fatty acid and polyketide synthases in the Adm assembly line.
Ambient Pressure Photoemission Spectroscopy Reveals the Mechanism of Carbon Soot Oxidation in Ceria‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Soler Lluís , Casanovas Albert , Escudero Carlos , Pérez‐Dieste Virginia , Aneggi Eleonora , Trovarelli Alessandro , Llorca Jordi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 17/2016 is a collaboration between the research groups of Prof. Jordi Llorca at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya – BarcelonaTECH (Spain), Prof. Alessandro Trovarelli at Università di Udine (Italy), and CIRCE beamline scientists at ALBA Synchrotron Light Source (Spain). The image shows the two cooperative routes for soot oxidation identified by AP‐XPS at the surface/subsurface of ceria and ceria‐zirconia catalysts for removing soot from motor vehicle emissions. See the Communication itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201600615.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Activity of Laser Co‐deposited Pt–MnO2‐Decorated Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Youling , Mohamedi Mohamed 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA binderless ternary catalyst layer of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/Pt–MnO2 is presented. The Pt–MnO2 nanocomposites with different surface morphology are grown directly for the first time onto CNTs at room temperature through the application of a cross‐beam pulsed laser deposition method, and their electroactivity in sulfuric acid and towards ethanol electrooxidation is examined. It is demonstrated that the electrochemical activity of the CNT/Pt–MnO2 nanocomposites outperforms the benchmark CNT/Pt material. The superior catalytic performance of the Pt–MnO2 electrocatalyst towards ethanol oxidation is attributed to the presence of MnO2, which promotes the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol by accelerating the dehydrogenation process, provides hydroxyl groups to oxidize the adsorbed intermediates (CO‐like species) on Pt surface and, by that, increases Pt utilization through the synergistic effect between Pt and MnO2.
Exciton Migration and Surface Trapping for a Photonic Crystal Displaying Charge‐Recombination Fluorescence
Authors: Al‐Aqar Roza , Atahan Alparslan , Benniston Andrew C. , Perks Thomas , Waddell Paul G. , Harriman Anthony 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA compact donor–acceptor molecular dyad has been synthesized by attaching an N,N‐dimethylamino fragment to a naphthalic anhydride residue. The dyad shows fluorescence from an intramolecular charge‐transfer state (i.e., charge‐recombination fluorescence) in solution, with the photo‐physical properties being strongly dependent on the solvent polarity. Similar emission is seen for single crystals of the target compound, the molecules being aligned head‐to‐head, although time‐resolved emission profiles display dual‐exponential kinetics. A second polymorph with the head‐to‐tail alignment also gives rise to two lifetimes that differ somewhat from those of the first structure, which are assigned to bulk and surface‐bound molecules. Growing the crystal in the presence of Rhodamine B localizes the dye around the surface. Excitation of the crystal is followed by sub‐ps exciton migration along the aligned stacks, with occasional crossing to adjacent stacks and trapping at the surface. Rhodamine B present at very low levels acts as the acceptor for excitons entering the surface layer. Crystals embedded in a polyester resin form an artificial light‐harvesting antenna able to sensitize an amorphous silicon solar cell.
Paramagnetic NMR of Phenolic Oxime Copper Complexes: A Joint Experimental and Density Functional Study
Authors: Bühl Michael , Ashbrook Sharon E. , Dawson Daniel M. , Doyle Rachel A. , Hrobárik Peter , Kaupp Martin , Smellie Iain A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract1H and 13C pNMR properties of bis(salicylaldoximato)copper(II) were studied in the solid state using magic‐angle‐spinning NMR spectroscopy and, for the isolated complex and selected oligomers, using density‐functional theory at the PBE0‐
//PBE0‐D3 level. Large paramagnetic shifts are observed, up to δ(1H)=272 ppm and δ(13C)=1006 ppm (at 298 K), which are rationalised through spin delocalisation from the metal onto the organic ligand and the resulting contact shifts arising from hyperfine coupling. The observed shift ranges are best reproduced computationally using exchange‐correlation functionals with a high fraction of exact exchange (such as PBE0‐
). Through a combination of experimental techniques and first‐principles computation, a near‐complete assignment of the observed signals is possible. Intermolecular effects on the pNMR shifts, modelled computationally in the dimers and trimers through effective decoupling between the local spins via A‐tensor and total spin rescaling in the pNMR expression, are indicated to be small. Addition of electron‐donating substituents and benzannelation of the organic ligand is predicted computationally to induce notable changes in the NMR signal pattern, which suggests that pNMR spectroscopy can be a sensitive probe for the spin distribution in paramagnetic phenolic oxime copper complexes.
One‐Step Synthesis of Hybrid Liquid–Crystal ZnO Nanoparticles: Existence of a Critical Temperature Associated with the Anisotropy of the Nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Zhiqin , Butynska Rémy , Serrano Clara Valverde , Marty Jean‐Daniel , Mingotaud Christophe , Kahn Myrtil L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractZinc oxide nanoparticles were obtained from the hydrolysis of an organometallic precursor in pure hexadecylamine. Interestingly, we demonstrate that the final (anisotropic or isotropic) shape of the nanoparticles is strongly correlated to the existence of a critical temperature. This suggests that the organization of the fatty amines is a paramount parameter in this synthesis. Moreover, the final hybrid ZnO materials systematically exhibit a liquid–crystal smectic phase, whereas no liquid–crystal phase was observed in the pristine reaction media. This simple process is, therefore, a direct and straightforward method to synthesize liquid–crystal hybrid materials.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Direct Oxidative C−H Amidation of Heteroarenes with Sulfonamides
Authors: Tong Kun , Liu Xiaodong , Zhang Yan , Yu Shouyun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA direct oxidative C−H amidation of heteroarenes with sulfonamides via nitrogen‐centered radicals has been achieved. Nitrogen‐centered radicals are directly generated from oxidative cleavage of N−H bonds under visible‐light photoredox catalysis. Sulfonamides, which are easily accessed, are used as tunable nitrogen sources and bleach (aqueous NaClO solution) is used as the oxidant. A variety of heteroarenes, including indoles, pyrroles and benzofurans, can undergo this amidation with high yields (up to 92 %). These reactions are highly regioselective, and all the products are isolated as single regioisomer.