bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Design of Bi2S3‐Doped CeO2/Dihydroxybenzoate Composite as Highly Efficient UV‐Shielding Agents
Authors: Ma Xiangmei , Pan Shengmin , Wu Yiqing , Wang Bin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3)‐doped cerium oxide (CeO2) was prepared via hydrothermal method, and by depositing ethyl 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB) on the surface of Bi2S3/CeO2 (Bi2S3/CeO2/EDHB and BCE). The samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, and UV–vis absorption spectrum means. According to the characterizations, Bi2S3 was successfully incorporated into the CeO2 structure (Bi2S3/CeO2), and the prepared BCE/PVC composite films display excellent UV‐shielding property. Moreover, the result of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests indicated that BCE also was barely catalytic thermal decomposition of PVC matrix. This work not only paves an attractive way for the design of the CeO2‐based UV‐shielding agent, but also provides valuable insights into the inspiration to construct high‐performance UV‐shielding composites.
Deciphering the Electronic Coupling Dynamics of Laser‐induced Ru/Cu Electrocatalyst for Dual‐Side Hydrogen Production and Formic Acid Co‐synthesis via DFT Analysis
Authors: Sarsenov Sagyntay , Senthil Raja Arumugam , Min Ahreum , Kumar Anuj , Moon Cheol Joo , Park Juhyeon , Choi Myong Yong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHerein, a straightforward approach using pulsed laser technology to synthesize selective hexagonal‐close‐packed (hcp) Ru nanoparticles attached to Cu nanospheres (Ru/Cu) as bifunctional electrocatalyst for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and formaldehyde oxidation reaction (FOR) are reported. Initially, Ru‐doped CuO flakes are synthesized using a coprecipitation method followed by transformation into Ru/Cu composites through a strategy involving pulsed laser irradiation in liquid. Specifically, the optimized Ru/Cu‐4 composite not only demonstrates a low overpotential of 182 mV at 10 mA·cm−2 for the HER but also an ultralow working potential of 0.078 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode) for the FOR at the same current density. Remarkably, the FOR∥HER‐coupled electrolyzer employing the Ru/Cu‐4∥Ru/Cu‐4 system achieves H2 production at both electrodes with a cell voltage of 0.42 V at 10 mA·cm−2 while co‐synthesizing formic acid. Furthermore, density functional theory analyses elucidate that the superior activity of the Ru/Cu composite originates from optimized adsorption energies of reactive species on the catalyst surfaces during the HER and FOR, facilitated by the synergistic coupling between Ru and Cu. This study presents an alternative strategy for synthesizing highly effective electrocatalytic materials for use in energy‐efficient H2 production with the cosynthesis of value‐added chemicals suitable for practical applications.
Intrinsic charge manipulation for solution‐processed organic photodetectors with high sensitivity and fast response
Authors: Yang Tingbin , Yan Jun , Gong Li , Zhong Wentao , Chen Bulin , Shen Liang , Pan Jisheng , Nelson Jenny , Liang Yongye 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCharge manipulation is crucial in optoelectronic devices. The unoptimized interfacial charge injection/extraction in solution‐processed bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) organic photodetectors (OPDs) presents significant challenges in achieving high detectivity and fast response speed. Here, we first develop an approach for intrinsic charge manipulation induced by molecularly engineered donors to block electron injection and facilitate hole extraction between the indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent anode and the photoactive layer. By utilizing a polymer donor with 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as the conjugated side chain, a polymer‐rich layer forms spontaneously on the ITO substrate due to the increased oxygen interactions between ITO and EDOT. This results in electron‐blocking‐layer (EBL)‐free devices with lower dark current and noise without a reduction in responsivity compared to control devices. As a result, the EBL‐free devices exhibit a peak specific detectivity of 2.36 × 1013 Jones at 950 nm and achieve a −3 dB bandwidth of 30 MHz under −1 V. Enhanced stability is also observed compared to the devices with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). This work demonstrates a new method to intrinsically manipulate charge injection in BHJ photoactive layers, enabling the fabrication of solution‐processed EBL‐free OPDs with high sensitivity, rapid response, and good stability.
Artificial intelligence: Tool or teammate?
Authors: Díaz Brayan , Delgado Cesar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) technologies generate increasingly sophisticated non‐human cognition; however, foundational learning theories only contemplate human cognition, and current research conceptualizes AI as a pedagogical tool. We argue that the incipient abilities of AI for mutual engagement with people could allow AI to participate as a legitimate member in social constructivist learning environments and suggest some potential structures and activities to explore AI's capabilities for full participation.
Evaluation of Intervertebral Disc Space Width Between 10th and 11th Thoracic Vertebrae in Cats Using Radiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Kim Jiwon , Kwon Danbee , Kim Bumseok , Lee Kichang , Yoon Hakyoung 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt is well known that the T10–T11 intervertebral disc space is usually narrower than the adjacent intervertebral disc spaces in most dogs. However, whether the T10–T11 disc space is narrower than the adjacent disc spaces is not well‐established in cats.ObjectivesTo measure the intervertebral disc space width of the T10–T11 disc space and to compare it with that of the adjacent disc spaces using radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsIn Groups 1 (101 clinically normal cats) and 2 (32 cats without spinal diseases from T8 to T13), dorsal width (DW), central width (CW) and ventral width (VW) of the T8–T13 disc spaces were measured by radiography or MRI. Significant differences of the DW, CW and VW among disc spaces measured by radiography and MRI were evaluated. Intra‐ and interobserver reliabilities were measured by intraclass correlation coefficient.ResultsIn Groups 1 and 2 using radiography, the DW and CW of the T10–T11 disc space were significantly narrower than those of adjacent disc spaces (p < 0.05). The DW of the T8–T12 disc spaces was significantly narrower than that of the T12–T13 disc space in Group 1 using radiography. In Groups 1 and 2 using radiography, the CW and VW of the T8–T11 disc spaces were significantly narrower than those of the T11–T13 disc spaces. In Group 2 using MRI, the DW of the T10–T11 disc space was significantly narrower than that of the T11–T13 disc spaces. The VW of the T8–T11 disc spaces was significantly narrower than that of the T11–T13 disc spaces.ConclusionThe T10–T11 intervertebral disc space on radiography is statistically narrower than the adjacent intervertebral disc spaces in normal cats. The cranial thoracic intervertebral disc spaces (T8–T11) are usually narrower than the caudal thoracic intervertebral disc spaces (T11–T13) on radiography and MRI.
Solvent‐Based and Matrix‐Matched Calibration Methods on Analysis of Ceftiofur Residues in Milk and Pharmaceutical Samples Using a Novel HPLC Method
Authors: Özcan Saniye , Levent Serkan , Öncü Can Nafiz 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe matrix effect is accepted as one of the critical factors that affect trueness, and it is especially important in the analysis of critical compounds, such as drugs, toxins and pesticides, in complex matrices. Ceftiofur (CEF) is a leading drug used in dairy industry for pulmonary infections. Because milk has a complex matrix, which is rich in fats, proteins and many other compounds, the determination of CEF in milk products deals with issues of trueness. On the other hand, pharmaceuticals also have a complex composition as they contain not only the active pharmaceutical ingredient but also many excipients, such as preservatives and pH modifiers. Due to its frequent use, its residues can be found in meat products or exist as an excreted compound in urine, milk and so on.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different calibration methods on quantitative estimation of CEF in milk and pharmaceutical samples.MethodsCEF was analysed using a new HPLC method, in which separation was achieved on a C18 bonded fused‐core silica particle column by using isocratic elution; the method was optimized by testing different chromatographic conditions and validated according to the ICH Q2(R1) and United States Pharmacopeia guidelines.ResultsInterestingly, it was found that CEF signals in milk samples were higher than the ones at the same level prepared in calibration solutions with a ratio of 11.28:1.ConclusionThis finding reveals the necessity of matrix‐matched calibration for accurate quantitative determination of CEF in milk samples. Moreover, the milk in the market and the most used pharmaceutical formulations were analysed using the current method.
Forensic Science and How Statistics Can Help It
Authors: Xu Xiangyu , Vinci Giuseppe 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe persistent issue of wrongful convictions in the United States emphasizes the need for scrutiny and improvement of the criminal justice system. While statistical methods for the evaluation of forensic evidence, including glass, fingerprints, and deoxyribonucleic acid, have significantly contributed to solving intricate crimes, there is a notable lack of national‐level standards to ensure the appropriate application of statistics in forensic investigations. We discuss the obstacles in the application of statistics in court and emphasize the importance of making statistical interpretation accessible to non‐statisticians, especially those who make decisions about potentially innocent individuals. We investigate the use and misuse of statistical methods in crime investigations, in particular the likelihood ratio approach. We further describe the use of graphical models, where hypotheses and evidence can be represented as nodes connected by arrows signifying association or causality. We emphasize the advantages of special graph structures, such as object‐oriented Bayesian networks and chain event graphs, which allow for the concurrent examination of evidence of various nature.
Integrating the full four-loop negative geometries and all-loop ladder-type negative geometries in ABJM theory
Authors: Li Zhenjie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The decomposition of the four-point ABJM amplituhedron into negative geometries produces compact integrands of logarithmic of amplitudes such that the infrared divergence only comes from the last loop integration, from which we can compute the cusp anomalous dimension of the ABJM theory. In this note, we integrate L – 1 loop momenta of the L-loop negative geometries for all four-loop negative geometries and a special class of all-loop ladder-type negative geometries by a method based on Mellin transformation, and from these finite quantities we extract the corresponding contribution to the cusp anomalous dimension. We find that the infrared divergence of a box-type negative geometry at L = 4 is weaker than other negative geometries, then only tree-type negative geometries contribute to the cusp anomalous dimension at L = 4. For the all-loop ladder-type negative geometries, we prove and conjecture some recursive structures as integral equations in Mellin space and find that they cannot contribute zeta values like ζ3, ζ5 to the cusp anomalous dimension.
Bootstrapping conformal defect operators on a line
Authors: Dey Parijat , Ghosh Kausik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study a conformal field theory with cubic anisotropic symmetry in presence of a line defect. We compute the correlators of the low lying defect operators using Feynman diagrams and derive explicit expressions for the two, three and four point defect correlators at the cubic fixed point in 4 – ϵ dimensions to O(ϵ). We also compute the defect g-function for this setup and demonstrate that this is in agreement with the g-theorem, which states that the g-function is monotonic under the renormalisation group flow along the defect. Next, we focus on conformal bootstrap techniques to determine the CFT data associated with the defect operators, which is the main objective of the paper. We utilize the framework of crossing symmetric Polyakov bootstrap and compute the averaged CFT data to O(ϵ) up to a finite number of ambiguities. We comment on unmixing the CFT data for the double trace operators at O(ϵ) and use this to compute the O(ϵ2) data. Finally, we study these defect correlators non-perturbatively using numerical methods and isolate them near the free theory limit close to four dimensions.
The population-specific Thr44Met OCT3 coding variant affects metformin pharmacokinetics with subsequent effects on insulin sensitivity in C57Bl/6J mice
Authors: Wang Qian , Leask Megan P. , Lee Kate , Jaiswal Jagdish , Kallingappa Prasanna , Dissanayake Waruni , Puli’uvea Chris , O’Sullivan Conor , Watson Huti , Wilcox Phillip , Murphy Rinki , Merry Troy L. , Shepherd Peter R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis
Metformin is an important first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes and acts by increasing the body’s ability to dispose of glucose. Metformin’s efficacy can be affected by genetic variants in the transporters that regulate its uptake into cells. The SLC22A3 gene (also known as EMT; EMTH; OCT3) codes for organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3), which is a broad-specificity cation transporter that also transports metformin. Most SLC22A3 variants reduce the rate of metformin transport but the rs8187715 variant (p.Thr44Met) is reported to increase uptake of metformin in vitro. However, the impact of this on in vivo metformin transport and efficacy is unknown. Very few carriers of this variant have been reported globally, but, notably, all were of Pacific Island descent. Therefore, this study aims to understand the prevalence of this variant in Polynesian peoples (Māori and Pacific peoples) and to understand its impact on metformin transport and efficacy in vivo.

Methods
rs8187715 was genotyped in 310 individuals with Māori and Pacific ancestry recruited in Aotearoa New Zealand. To study this variant in a physiological context, an orthologous knockin mouse model with C57BL/6J background was used. Pharmacokinetic analysis compared uptake rate of metformin into tissues. Plasma growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) was also measured as a marker of metformin efficacy. Glucose and insulin tolerance was assessed after acute or sustained metformin treatment in knockin and wild-type control mice to examine the impact of the variant on metformin’s glycaemic control.

Results
The minor allele frequency of this variant in the Māori and Pacific participants was 15.4%. There was no association of the variant with common metabolic parameters including diabetes status, BMI, blood pressure, lipids, or blood glucose and HbA1c. However, in the orthologous knockin mouse model, the rate of metformin uptake into the blood and tissues was increased. Acute metformin dosing increased insulin sensitivity in variant knockin mice but this effect was lost after longer-term metformin treatment. Metformin’s effects on GDF-15 levels were also lost in variant knockin mice with longer-term metformin treatment.

Conclusions/interpretation
These data provide evidence that the SLC22A3 rs8187715 variant accelerates metformin uptake rate in vivo. While this acutely improves insulin sensitivity, there was no increased effect of metformin with longer-term dosing. Thus, our finding of a high prevalence of this variant specifically in Māori and Pacific peoples identifies it as a potential population-specific pharmacogenetic marker with potential to guide metformin therapy in these peoples.

Graphical Abstract
Innovation in apatite Lu-Hf geochronology opens new opportunity for copper systems in southern Australia during the Nuna destruction
Authors: Yu Jie , Hand Martin , Payne Justin L. , Morrissey Laura J. , Simpson Alexander , Glorie Stijn , Chen Yan-Jing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrecambrian iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) systems have commonly experienced multiple mineralising and tectonothermal events and identifying their timing and geodynamic framework is challenging. World-class IOCG deposits in the Olympic Cu-Au Province, South Australia, are dominated by hematite and formed in the upper crust, while the magnetite-dominated Cu deposits hosted in granulite facies rocks are considered to represent the deeper expression of giant IOCG system. However, the application of novel in-situ Lu-Hf apatite geochronology reveals the magnetite-hosted Cu mineralisation is significantly younger and unrelated to the well-known ~ 1590 Ma Gawler Craton IOCG systems. Apatite Lu-Hf ages from the granulite that predates Cu mineralisation give ages of 1490 Ma. Infiltration of Cu-bearing fluids resulted in recrystallisation of apatite, LREE mobilisation and formation of secondary monazite. Lu-Hf ages for syn-mineralisation apatite give 1460 Ma, consistent with c. 1460 Ma U-Pb ages from secondary monazite. In contrast to the apatite in situ Lu-Hf ages, all apatite types produce a single U-Pb age of c. 1460 Ma, demonstrating the ability of Lu-Hf to preserve a more complete history of apatite formation than U-Pb in high- to medium-temperature rock systems. The timing of mineralisation coincides with the onset of Nuna fragmentation, representing a previously unrecognised driver for mineral system formation in southern Australia that installed Cu in crust previously dehydrated during a long history of granulite-grade tectonic events. The recognition of this Cu system in rocks generally considered unprospective shows that continental breakup can rejuvenate metallic systems in otherwise unprospective crust.
Americans’ views of artificial intelligence: identifying and measuring aversion
Authors: Livingston Will 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study explores the phenomenon of artificial intelligence (AI) aversion within the context of public policy, building on prior research on algorithmic aversion. I aim to establish a clear conceptual distinction between algorithms and AI in the public’s perception and develop a robust metric for assessing AI aversion. Utilizing a national survey, I employed affective imagery testing to compare Americans emotional responses towards AI, algorithms, and advanced technology. The findings reveal that AI elicits significantly more negative emotional responses than the other two, indicating its unique position in public perception. I then construct the Artificial Intelligence Aversion Index (AIAI) based on responses to policy-related vignettes. Regression analyses showed a strong negative relationship between the AIAI and public support for both current and future AI applications within public policy, with aversion more pronounced towards potential future uses. These insights underscore the importance of understanding public sentiment towards AI to inform policymaking as well as helping to establish a framework by which to evaluate aversion levels.
Development of an RNA virus-based episomal vector with artificial aptazyme for gene silencing
Authors: Komorizono Ryo , Yoshizumi Shima , Tomonaga Keizo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
RNA virus-based episomal vector (REVec), engineered from Borna disease virus, is an innovative gene delivery tool that enables sustained gene expression in transduced cells. However, the difficulty in controlling gene expression and eliminating vectors has limited the practical use of REVec. In this study, we overcome these shortcomings by inserting artificial aptazymes into the untranslated regions of foreign genes carried in vectors or downstream of the viral phosphoprotein gene, which is essential for vector replication. Non-transmissive REVec carrying GuaM8HDV or the P1-F5 aptazyme showed immediate suppression of gene expression in a guanine or theophylline concentration-dependent manner. Continuous compound administration also markedly reduced the percentage of vector-transduced cells and eventually led to the complete elimination of the vectors from the transduced cells. This new REVec is a safe gene delivery technology that allows fine-tuning of gene expression and could be a useful platform for gene therapy and gene-cell therapy, potentially contributing to the cure of many genetic disorders.

Key points
• We developed a bornavirus vector capable of silencing transgene expression by insertion of aptazyme
• Transgene expression was markedly suppressed in a compound concentration-dependent manner
• Artificial aptazyme systems allowed complete elimination of the vector from transduced cells
The pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation in CT strongly depends on kernels and iterative reconstructions
Authors: Lisi Costanza , Klambauer Konstantin , Moser Lukas J. , Mergen Victor , Manka Robert , Flohr Thomas , Eberhard Matthias , Alkadhi Hatem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the influence of kernels and iterative reconstructions on pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation in coronary CT angiography (CCTA).

Materials and methods
Twenty otherwise healthy subjects (16 females; median age 52 years) with atypical chest pain, low risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), and without CAD in photon-counting detector CCTA were included. Images were reconstructed with a quantitative smooth (Qr36) and three vascular kernels of increasing sharpness levels (Bv36, Bv44, Bv56). Quantum iterative reconstruction (QIR) was either switched-off (QIRoff) or was used with strength levels 2 and 4. The fat-attenuation-index (FAI) of the PCAT surrounding the right coronary artery was calculated in each dataset. Histograms of FAI measurements were created. Intra- and inter-reader agreements were determined. A CT edge phantom was used to determine the edge spread function (ESF) for the same datasets.

Results
Intra- and inter-reader agreement of FAI was excellent (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.99 and 0.98, respectively). Significant differences in FAI were observed depending on the kernel and iterative reconstruction strength level (each, p < 0.001), with considerable inter-individual variation up to 34 HU and intra-individual variation up to 33 HU, depending on kernels and iterative reconstruction levels. The ESFs showed a reduced range of edge-smoothing with increasing kernel sharpness, causing an FAI decrease. Histogram analyses revealed a narrower peak of PCAT values with increasing iterative reconstruction levels, causing a FAI increase.

Conclusions
PCAT attenuation determined with CCTA heavily depends on kernels and iterative reconstruction levels both within and across subjects. Standardization of CT reconstruction parameters is mandatory for FAI studies to enable meaningful interpretations.

Key Points
QuestionDo kernels and iterative reconstructions influence pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation in coronary CT angiography (CCTA)?
FindingsSignificant differences in fat-attenuation-index (FAI) were observed depending on the kernel and iterative reconstruction strength level with considerable inter- and intra-individual variation.
Clinical relevancePCAT attenuation heavily depends on kernels and iterative reconstructions requiring CT reconstruction parameter standardization to enable meaningful interpretations of fat-attenuation differences across subjects.