bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coopetition in New Product Development Alliances: Advantages and Tensions for Incremental and Radical Innovation
Authors: Bouncken Ricarda B. , Fredrich Viktor , Ritala Paavo , Kraus Sascha 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCoopetition (collaboration between competitors) can facilitate product innovation, but there is still debate about how it is suited to radical or incremental innovation. This paper argues that the early and later phases of coopetitive new product development (NPD) pose different benefits and risks for the innovation types. Building on the tensions approach to value creation and appropriation, we develop a series of hypotheses on the role of coopetition in NPD alliances and focal firm's innovation output. The hypotheses are tested on a quantitative data set of 1049 NPD alliances in the German medical and machinery sectors. The results show that, while coopetition is advantageous for incremental innovation in both pre‐launch and launch phases, radical innovation benefits from coopetition in the launch phase only.
Are In‐House and Outsourcing Innovation Strategies Correlated? Evidence from the European Agri‐Food Sector
Authors: Materia Valentina C. , Pascucci Stefano , Dries Liesbeth 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe analyse European agri‐food firms’ choices about innovation in‐house or through outsourcing and provide empirical evidence about the correlation between these strategies. The relationship between the innovation strategy and firm‐, industry‐ and innovation‐specific characteristics is analysed through a bivariate probit model, which uses firm data from the EFIGE Bruegel‐UniCredit dataset. Transaction cost, resource base and knowledge governance arguments are used to explain the choice of innovation strategy. Our results show that the decisions to innovate in‐house or through outsourcing are independent from each other. In addition, we find that several organisational characteristics such as communication systems, human resource practices and specialisation are likely to influence both strategies. Conversely, organisational characteristics such as the allocation of authority and the business network do not seem relevant in determining the innovation strategies of the European agri‐food sector.
Factors influencing choice of pre‐hospital transportation of patients with potential acute coronary syndrome: An observational study
Authors: Lavery Tim , Greenslade Jaimi H , Parsonage William A , Hawkins Tracey , Dalton Emily , Hammett Christopher , Cullen Louise 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine factors associated with ambulance use in patients with confirmed and potential acute coronary syndrome presenting to the ED.MethodsA convenience sample of patients (n = 247) presenting to the ED from April 2014 to January 2015 with suspected acute coronary syndrome were included in the study. Data on mode of transport and patient demographics were collected from the Emergency Department Information System database. Clinical data were collected from chart records and information systems. A questionnaire assessed reasons for using a chosen method of transport, symptom timing and characteristics, acute coronary syndrome knowledge, and awareness of the National Heart Foundation Early Warning Symptoms campaign.ResultsApproximately half the patients (49.4%) assessed with symptoms of potential acute coronary syndrome used ambulance transport to the ED. Patients who arrived by ambulance were older than those not arriving by ambulance (mean 56.7 years vs 51.7 years, P = 0.01). Risk factors were not associated with ambulance use. Dizziness (P < 0.01), sweating (P = 0.03), nausea (P = 0.03) and vomiting (P = 0.04) were associated with increased ambulance use. Mean systolic blood pressure was lower in the ambulance group (136 mmHg, standard deviation [SD] = 19.8) than in the non‐ambulance group (143 mmHg, SD = 25.9). Awareness of the National Heart Foundation Heart Attack Warning Signs campaign was not associated with ambulance use.ConclusionsPatients with possible ischaemic symptoms who are at a high risk of cardiac disease do not utilise ambulance services more than low risk patients. In general, transport to hospital using ambulance services by patients with symptoms of possible acute coronary syndrome is low despite community campaigns.
Dietary Tryptophan Enhanced the Expression of Tight Junction Protein ZO‐1 in Intestine
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Mi Shumei , Ruan Zheng , Li Jing , Shu Xugang , Yao Kang , Jiang Min , Deng Zeyuan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDietary amino acids provide various beneficial effects for our health. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of tryptophan (Trp) supplementation on barrier function. Ninety‐six healthy finishing pigs (initial body weight 51.49 ± 1.12 kg) were randomly allocated into 2 treatment groups, control group, and 0.2% Trp group. The control group was fed the basal diet, and 0.2% Trp group was fed basal diet plus 0.2% Trp. The trial period is 60 d. Compared with control group, the mRNA abundance of claudin‐3 and zonula occluden‐1 (ZO‐1) in the jejunum in 0.2% Trp group (P < 0.05) was increased. According to immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting test, the expression of ZO‐1 in jejunum in 0.2% Trp group was also significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results revealed that Trp enhanced the expression of tight junction protein ZO‐1 in the intestine of pig model. Trp may be potential and beneficial dietary functional factor for regulating the intestinal development and inhibiting intestinal aging.
Effect of Proteolysis with Alkaline Protease Following High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment on IgE Binding of Buckwheat Protein
Authors: Lee Chaeyoon , Lee Wonhui , Han Youngshin , Oh Sangsuk 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBuckwheat is a popular food material in many Asian countries and it contains major allergenic proteins. This study was performed to analyze the effects of hydrolysis with alkaline protease following high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment on the IgE binding of buckwheat protein. Extracted buckwheat protein was treated with HHP at 600 MPa for 30 min and hydrolyzed with alkaline protease for 240 min. IgE binding was examined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with serum samples from 14 patients who were allergic to buckwheat. Depending on the serum samples, HHP treatment of buckwheat protein without enzymatic hydrolysis decreased the IgE binding by 8.9% to 73.2% or increased by 31% to 78%. The IgE binding of buckwheat protein hydrolyzed with alkaline protease decreased by 73.8% to 100%. The IgE binding of buckwheat protein hydrolyzed with alkaline protease following HHP treatment decreased by 83.8% to 100%. This suggested that hydrolysis with alkaline protease following HHP treatment could be applied to reduce the IgE binding of buckwheat protein.
Relationship between transitional lumbosacral vertebrae and eight lumbar vertebrae in a breeding colony of Labrador Retrievers and Labrador Crosses
Authors: Moeser CF , Wade CM 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTransitional lumbosacral vertebrae (TLSV) is a hereditary malformation of the spinal column diagnosed in various dog breeds. The aim of this study was to explore whether different lumbosacral phenotypes have an inherited basis.MethodsRadiographs of all dogs within a breeding colony were performed and assessed. A comparison of the incidence ofTLSV, eight lumbar vertebrae (8LV), and fusion of the first caudal vertebrae to the sacrum or near fusion of this area was made between litters of normal parentage and litters where one or both of the parents had an anomaly.ResultsOf the 119 puppies included in the study, 69 had normal conformation, 9 had8LV, 9 hadTLSVand 32 had fusion of the first caudal vertebra (Ca1) to the caudal sacral segment or a reduced joint space in this area. Results indicated that all the abnormal types likely had common underlying genetic causes. Compared with the population as a whole, significantly more progeny were observed to have abnormalities of the sacral region when both parents were affected by either fusion of Ca1 to the third sacral vertebra (S3) and/or had8LV. Significantly more progeny were normal compared with the entire study population when both parents were normal. Strong similarity between parental and progeny phenotypes suggested that the characteristics were heritable and likely influenced by major gene effects.ConclusionWhen performing screening radiographs forTLSV, assessment for8LVand fusion of Ca1 to S3 should be included.
850. MYRCEUGENIA LEPTOSPERMOIDES
Authors: Gardner Martin F. , O'Brien Seamus D. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThough extremely rare in British and Irish gardens, the South American genus Myrceugenia shows great horticultural potential and a number of species have entered cultivation in the last four decades, primarily through the efforts of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Two of the showiest of these, Myrceugenia lanceolata and Myrceugenia leptospermoides, both Chilean endemics, are discussed.
Internet and Facebook related images affect the perception of time
Authors: Gonidis Lazaros , Sharma Dinkar 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEven though there is a wealth of research on addiction and implicit measures, the effects of addiction on time perception are still unclear. Internal clock models separate the effects of attention and arousal which could have important implications for addiction research. This study investigated whether Internet related stimuli can lead to distorted time perception. We found evidence that Internet and Facebook related stimuli can distort time perception due to attention and arousal related mechanisms. This highlights that Facebook related stimuli lead to an overestimation of time compared to Internet related stimuli, and both Facebook and Internet related stimuli were associated with better discriminability of time compared to matched neutral stimuli. Implications of these findings on addiction are discussed.
Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of oil from macauba pulp using alcoholic solvents
Authors: Rodrigues Giovana de Menezes , Mello Bruna Tais Ferreira de , dos Santos Garcia Vitor Augusto , Silva Camila da 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUltrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of macauba pulp oil was investigated using ethanol and isopropanol as solvents and compared with the conventional extraction technique. An experimental design was applied to evaluate the influence of the experimental variables (temperature, solvent to pulp ratio, and time) on the oil extraction and to optimize them. The optimum conditions were then evaluated in relation to the extraction kinetics and the effect of the application of ultrasound in the process was determined. For both techniques, higher yields were obtained with the use of ethanol as the solvent. The results showed that increasing the temperature, the amount of solvent used and the extraction time leads to greater oil removal from macauba pulp (p < .05), and the amount of solvent used in the process had the greatest influence. The maximum oil yields obtained by UAE were 49.2 and 38% with ethanol and isopropanol, respectively, obtained at 60 °C, with a 90‐min extraction time and solvent to pulp ratio of 10, which represent ∼86 and ∼77% of the yield obtained by conventional extraction. The UAE provided better yields when compared to the process without ultrasound. The fatty acids composition was not influenced by the extraction method and solvent used; however, UAE provides oils with higher levels of β‐carotene and flavonoids using ethanol and isopropanol, respectively.Practical applicationsThe optimization of UAE for macauba pulp oil extraction is presented in the present study and the results demonstrate the efficiency of the method for obtaining this oil in low extraction time and solvent consumption. The oil obtained by this technique has higher levels of β‐carotene and flavonoids. Additionally, macauba pulp oil obtained using ethanol and isopropanol with solvent may be used as a food, because these solvents are considered of food grade.
Effects of whey protein isolate based coating enriched with Zingiber officinale and Matricaria recutita essential oils on the quality of refrigerated rainbow trout
Authors: Oğuzhan Yıldız Pınar , Yangılar Filiz 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the effect of whey protein isolate (WPI) coating enriched with essential oils (ginger and chamomile) on rainbow trout fillets during storage at 4°C. Samples were analyzed at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days for microbiological (total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas), chemical analyses (pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances‐TBARS, total volatile base nitrogen‐TVB‐N, peroxide value [PV]) and sensory quality (odor, taste, tissue, appearance). Bacterial growth was inhibited in samples with high concentrations of essential oils due to its antimicrobial activity. During the storage period, TVB‐N, TBARS, and PVs content gradually increased in all groups, and significant differences were found between the groups (p < .05). In conclusion, the addition of of ginger and chamomile essential oils to WPI coatings showed a positive effect on the rainbow trout shelf‐life.Practical applicationsWhey protein is a by‐product of the cheese‐making industry and is already known as an excellent barrier to oxygen, aroma, and oil and can be used as a coating material for improving the oxygen barrier property of food packaging. The use of an essential oil in fresh fish preservation may be considered an alternative “natural” additive, extending the shelf life of the product. Our study has clearly shown that addition of ginger and camolime essential oil and whey protein isolate coating in fish resulted in longer shelf life, and this method could be commercially used.
Patients' experience of thirst while being conscious and mechanically ventilated in the intensive care unit
Authors: Kjeldsen Caroline L. , Hansen Mette S. , Jensen Kamilla , Holm Anna , Haahr Anita , Dreyer Pia 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundBecause of changes in sedation strategies, more patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are conscious. Therefore, new and challenging tasks in nursing practice have emerged, which require a focus on the problems that patients experience. Thirst is one such major problem, arising because the mechanical ventilator prevents the patients from drinking when they have the urge to do so. To gain a deeper understanding of the patients' experiences and to contribute new knowledge in nursing care, this study focuses on the patients' experiences of thirst during mechanical ventilation (MV) while being conscious.AimsTo explore patients' experience of thirst while being conscious and mechanically ventilated.DesignThis hermeneutic study used qualitative interviews of 12 patients.MethodData were analyzed based on content analysis. Interviews were conducted between September and October 2014 in two large ICUs in Denmark.ResultFour themes relating to the patients' experiences of thirst during MV were identified: a paramount thirst, a different sense in the mouth, deprivation of the opportunity to quench thirst and difficulties associated with thirst.ConclusionPatients associate feelings of desperation, anxiety and powerlessness with the experience of thirst. These feelings have a negative impact on their psychological well‐being. A strategy in the ICU that includes no sedation for critically ill patients in need of MV introduces new demands on the nurses who must care for patients who are struggling with thirst.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study shows that despite several practical attempts to relieve thirst, it remains a paramount problem for the patients. ICU nurses need to increase their focus on issues of thirst and dry mouth, which are two closely related issues for the patients. Communication may be a way to involve the patients, recognize and draw attention to their problem.
Prevalence of increased canine pancreas‐specific lipase concentrations in young dogs with parvovirus enteritis
Authors: Kalli Irida V. , Adamama‐Moraitou Katerina K. , Patsikas Michael N. , Pardali Dimitra , Steiner Jörg M. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Menexes George , Brellou Georgia D. , Rallis Timoleon S. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundPancreatic abnormalities during canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis have not been studied prospectively.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic significance of canine serum pancreas‐specific lipase (SpeccPL) concentration in dogs withCPVenteritis for the presence of acute pancreatitis (AP). Puppies with naturally occurringCPVenteritis were recruited and prospectively allocated into 2 groups according to normal or increased serum SpeccPLconcentration. Clinical signs, laboratory findings, and pancreas‐associated variables were compared between groups, and the impact of possibleAPon disease course, duration of hospitalization, and outcome was assessed.ResultsSerum SpeccPLconcentration in 35 puppies was above the upper limit of theRIin 17/35 (48.6%) dogs (Group A) and within theRIin 18 dogs (Group B). An increased serum lipase activity was present in 29/35 (82.9%) dogs, and Group A dogs had a higher serum lipase activity than Group B (P= .006). Serum SpeccPLin Group A dogs was positively correlated with serum lipase activity at the day of presentation (r= .667;P =.003) and day of discharge (r= .628;P =.007). No statistically significant difference was found between groups (P= .233) for the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (6/17 or 35.3% dogs Group A, and 8/18 or 44.4% dogs Group B), the disease course, duration of hospitalization, or outcome between groups.ConclusionsIncreased serum SpeccPLis relatively common in dogs withCPVenteritis. However, such increases do not seem to correlate with the outcome of disease.
Podcast
Bring Back the King The New Science of De-extinction
Helen Pilcher
Bloomsbury, 2017. 304 pp.
Is It All in Your Head? True Stories of Imaginary Illness
Suzanne O'Sullivan
Other Press, 2017. 291 pp.
Authors: Golbeck Jennifer 
Published: January 2017

This week on the
Science
podcast, Jennifer Golbeck digs into the science of de-extinction with biologist Helen Pilcher and recommends a clinician's compassionate tale of psychosomatic disorders.
Cytokine Profiles in Malawian Children Presenting with Uncomplicated Malaria, Severe Malarial Anemia, and Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Mandala Wilson L. , Msefula Chisomo L. , Gondwe Esther N. , Drayson Mark T. , Molyneux Malcolm E. , MacLennan Calman A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTProinflammatory cytokines are involved in clearance ofPlasmodium falciparum, and very high levels of these cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe malaria. In order to determine how cytokines vary with disease severity and syndrome, we enrolled Malawian children presenting with cerebral malaria (CM), severe malarial anemia (SMA), and uncomplicated malaria (UCM) and healthy controls. We analyzed serum cytokine concentrations in acute infection and in convalescence. With the exception of interleukin 5 (IL-5), cytokine concentrations were highest in acute CM, followed by SMA, and were only mildly elevated in UCM. Cytokine concentrations had fallen to control levels when remeasured at 1 month of convalescence in all three clinical malaria groups. Ratios of IL-10 to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and of IL-10 to IL-6 followed a similar pattern. Children presenting with acute CM had significantly higher concentrations of TNF-α (P< 0.001), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (P= 0.0019), IL-2 (P= 0.0004), IL-6 (P< 0.001), IL-8 (P< 0.001), and IL-10 (P< 0.001) in sera than healthy controls. Patients with acute CM had significantly higher concentrations of IL-6 (P< 0.001) and IL-10 (P= 0.0003) than those presenting with acute SMA. Our findings are consistent with the concept that high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, despite high levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, could contribute to the pathogenesis of CM.
Molecular Analysis of Arthrobacter Myovirus vB_ArtM-ArV1: We Blame It on the Tail
Authors: Kaliniene Laura , Šimoliūnas Eugenijus , Truncaitė Lidija , Zajančkauskaitė Aurelija , Nainys Juozas , Kaupinis Algirdas , Valius Mindaugas , Meškys Rolandas 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

This is the first report on a myophage that infects
Arthrobacter
. A novel virus, vB_ArtM-ArV1 (ArV1), was isolated from soil using
Arthrobacter
sp. strain 68b for phage propagation. Transmission electron microscopy showed its resemblance to members of the family
Myoviridae
: ArV1 has an isometric head (∼74 nm in diameter) and a contractile, nonflexible tail (∼192 nm). Phylogenetic and comparative sequence analyses, however, revealed that ArV1 has more genes in common with phages from the family
Siphoviridae
than it does with any myovirus characterized to date. The genome of ArV1 is a linear, circularly permuted, double-stranded DNA molecule (71,200 bp) with a GC content of 61.6%. The genome includes 101 open reading frames (ORFs) yet contains no tRNA genes. More than 50% of ArV1 genes encode unique proteins that either have no reliable identity to database entries or have homologues only in
Arthrobacter
phages, both sipho- and myoviruses. Using bioinformatics approaches, 13 ArV1 structural genes were identified, including those coding for head, tail, tail fiber, and baseplate proteins. A further 6 ArV1 ORFs were annotated as encoding putative structural proteins based on the results of proteomic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on the alignment of four conserved virion proteins revealed that
Arthrobacter
myophages form a discrete clade that seems to occupy a position somewhat intermediate between myo- and siphoviruses. Thus, the data presented here will help to advance our understanding of genetic diversity and evolution of phages that constitute the order
Caudovirales
.

IMPORTANCE
Bacteriophages, which likely originated in the early Precambrian Era, represent the most numerous population on the planet. Approximately 95% of known phages are tailed viruses that comprise three families:
Podoviridae
(with short tails),
Siphoviridae
(with long noncontractile tails), and
Myoviridae
(with contractile tails). Based on the current hypothesis, myophages, which may have evolved from siphophages, are thought to have first emerged among Gram-negative bacteria, whereas they emerged only later among Gram-positive bacteria. The results of the molecular characterization of myophage vB_ArtM-ArV1 presented here conform to the aforementioned hypothesis, since, at a glance, bacteriophage vB_ArtM-ArV1 appears to be a siphovirus that possesses a seemingly functional contractile tail. Our work demonstrates that such “chimeric” myophages are of cosmopolitan nature and are likely characteristic of the ecologically important soil bacterial genus
Arthrobacter
.