bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between mineralization and tectonics at the Kainantu gold–copper deposit, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Blenkinsop Tom , Tripp Gerard , Gillen Dave 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Epithermal veins and breccias at the Kainantu gold–copper deposit in Papua New Guinea, host gold mineralization in NW–SE steeply dipping lodes. The lodes are parallel to a pre-mineralization dextral strike-slip shear-zone network, which is itself parallel in places to an early greenschist-facies cleavage in basement schists. The cleavage, shear zone and veins are all cut by dextral strike-slip faults. High Au grades correlate with areas of obliquity between the shear-zone fabrics and the cleavage, and plunge at approximately 40° SE in the plane of the lodes – coincident with minor fold axes related to a crenulation cleavage in the basement rocks. This clear structural history shows that gold mineralization was confined to a particular late structural event, but lode geometry was influenced by all previous structures, as well as being displaced by post-mineralization faulting. The north–south shortening recorded through most of the tectonic history can be related to Tertiary convergence along the major plate boundary located approximately 15 km north of the mine. However, mineralization occurred under a different tectonic regime from the current north–south convergence, when there was a change of tectonics between 9 and 6 Ma, possibly related to delamination.
Students’ Misconceptions and Other Difficulties in Introductory Programming
Authors: Qian Yizhou , Lehman James 
Published: October 2017

Efforts to improve computer science education are underway, and teachers of computer science are challenged in introductory programming courses to help learners develop their understanding of programming and computer science. Identifying and addressing students’ misconceptions is a key part of a computer science teacher's competence. However, relevant research on this topic is not as fully developed in the computer science education field as it is in mathematics and science education. In this article, we first review relevant literature on general definitions of misconceptions and studies about students’ misconceptions and other difficulties in introductory programming. Next, we investigate the factors that contribute to the difficulties. Finally, strategies and tools to address difficulties including misconceptions are discussed.
Based on the review of literature, we found that students exhibit various misconceptions and other difficulties in syntactic knowledge, conceptual knowledge, and strategic knowledge. These difficulties experienced by students are related to many factors including unfamiliarity of syntax, natural language, math knowledge, inaccurate mental models, lack of strategies, programming environments, and teachers’ knowledge and instruction. However, many sources of students’ difficulties have connections with students’ prior knowledge. To better understand and address students’ misconceptions and other difficulties, various instructional approaches and tools have been developed. Nevertheless, the dissemination of these approaches and tools has been limited. Thus, first, we suggest enhancing the dissemination of existing tools and approaches and investigating their long-term effects. Second, we recommend that computing education research move beyond documenting misconceptions to address the development of students’ (mis)conceptions by integrating conceptual change theories. Third, we believe that developing and enhancing instructors’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), including their knowledge of students’ misconceptions and ability to apply effective instructional approaches and tools to address students’ difficulties, is vital to the success of teaching introductory programming.
Self-Checkpoint
Authors: Tang Xiongchao , Zhai Jidong , Yu Bowen , Chen Wenguang , Zheng Weimin 
Published: October 2017

Fault tolerance is increasingly important in high performance computing due to the substantial growth of system scale and decreasing system reliability. In-memory/diskless checkpoint has gained extensive attention as a solution to avoid the IO bottleneck of traditional disk-based checkpoint methods. However, applications using previous in-memory checkpoint suffer from little available memory space. To provide high reliability, previous in-memory checkpoint methods either need to keep two copies of checkpoints to tolerate failures while updating old checkpoints or trade performance for space by flushing in-memory checkpoints into disk.
In this paper, we propose a novel in-memory checkpoint method, called self-checkpoint, which can not only achieve the same reliability of previous in-memory checkpoint methods, but also increase the available memory space for applications by almost 50%. To validate our method, we apply the self-checkpoint to an important problem, fault tolerant HPL. We implement a scalable and fault tolerant HPL based on this new method, called SKT-HPL, and validate it on two large-scale systems. Experimental results with 24,576 processes show that SKT-HPL achieves over 95% of the performance of the original HPL. Compared to the state-of-the-art in-memory checkpoint method, it improves the available memory size by 47% and the performance by 5%.
Silent Data Corruption Resilient Two-sided Matrix Factorizations
Authors: Wu Panruo , DeBardeleben Nathan , Guan Qiang , Blanchard Sean , Chen Jieyang , Tao Dingwen , Liang Xin , Ouyang Kaiming , Chen Zizhong 
Published: October 2017

This paper presents an algorithm based fault tolerance method to harden three two-sided matrix factorizations against soft errors: reduction to Hessenberg form, tridiagonal form, and bidiagonal form. These two sided factorizations are usually the prerequisites to computing eigenvalues/eigenvectors and singular value decomposition. Algorithm based fault tolerance has been shown to work on three main one-sided matrix factorizations: LU, Cholesky, and QR, but extending it to cover two sided factorizations is non-trivial because there are no obvious \textit{offline, problem} specific maintenance of checksums. We thus develop an \textit{online, algorithm} specific checksum scheme and show how to systematically adapt the two sided factorization algorithms used in LAPACK and ScaLAPACK packages to introduce the algorithm based fault tolerance.
The resulting ABFT scheme can detect and correct arithmetic errors \textit{continuously} during the factorizations that allow timely error handling. Detailed analysis and experiments are conducted to show the cost and the gain in resilience. We demonstrate that our scheme covers a significant portion of the operations of the factorizations. Our checksum scheme achieves high error detection coverage and error correction coverage compared to the state of the art, with low overhead and high scalability.
POSTER
Authors: Chowdhury Rezaul , Ganapathi Pramod , Tang Yuan , Tithi Jesmin Jahan 
Published: October 2017

Standard cache-oblivious recursive divide-and-conquer algorithms for evaluating dynamic programming recurrences have optimal serial cache complexity but often have lower parallelism compared with iterative wavefront algorithms due to artificial dependencies among subtasks. Very recently cache-oblivious recursive wavefront (COW) algorithms have been introduced which do not have any artificial dependencies. Though COW algorithms are based on fork-join primitives, they extensively use atomic operations, and as a result, performance guarantees provided by state-of-the-art schedulers for programs with fork-join primitives do not apply.
In this work, we show how to systematically transform standard cache-oblivious recursive divide-and-conquer algorithms into recursive wavefront algorithms to achieve optimal parallel cache complexity and high parallelism under state-of-the-art schedulers for fork-join programs. Unlike COW algorithms these new algorithms do not use atomic operations. Instead, they use closed-form formulas to compute at what time each recursive function must be launched in order to achieve high parallelism without losing cache performance. The resulting implementations are arguably much simpler than implementations of known COW algorithms.
POSTER
Authors: Arbel-Raviv Maya , Brown Trevor 
Published: October 2017

Lock-free algorithms guarantee progress by having threads help one another. Complex lock-free operations facilitate helping by creating descriptor objects that describe how other threads should help them. In many lock-free algorithms, a new descriptor is allocated for each operation. After an operation completes, its descriptor must be reclaimed by a memory reclamation scheme. Allocating and reclaiming descriptors introduces significant space and time overhead.
We present a transformation for a class of lock-free algorithms that allows each thread to efficiently reuse a single descriptor. Experiments on a variety of workloads show that our transformation yields significant improvements over implementations that reclaim descriptors.
Dual mTOR Kinase Inhibitor MLN0128 Sensitizes HR+/HER2+ Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts to Trastuzumab or Fulvestrant
Authors: Hsu Pei-Yin , Wu Victoria Shang , Kanaya Noriko , Petrossian Karineh , Hsu Hang-Kai , Nguyen Duc , Schmolze Daniel , Kai Masaya , Liu Chun-Yu , Lu Hannah , Chu Peiguo , Vito Courtney A. , Kruper Laura , Mortimer Joanne , Chen Shiuan 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Therapeutic strategies against hormonal receptor–positive (HR+)/HER2+ breast cancers with poor response to trastuzumab need to be optimized.
Experimental Design: Two HR+/HER2+ patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models named as COH-SC1 and COH-SC31 were established to explore targeted therapies for HER2+ breast cancers. RNA sequencing and RPPA (reverse phase protein array) analyses were conducted to decipher molecular features of the two PDXs and define the therapeutic strategy of interest, validated by in vivo drug efficacy examination and in vitro cell proliferation analysis.
Results: Estrogen acted as a growth driver of trastuzumab-resistant COH-SC31 tumors but an accelerator in the trastuzumab-sensitive COH-SC1 model. In vivo trastuzumab efficacy examination further confirmed the consistent responses between PDXs and the corresponding tumors. Integrative omics analysis revealed that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ERα signaling predominantly regulate tumor growth of the two HR+/HER2+ PDXs. Combination of the dual mTOR complex inhibitor MLN0128 and anti-HER2 trastuzumab strongly suppressed tumor growth of COH-SC1 PDX accompanied by increasing ER-positive cell population in vivo. Instead, MLN0128 in combination with antiestrogen fulvestrant significantly halted the growth of HR+/HER2+ cancer cells in vitro and trastuzumab-resistant COH-SC31 as well as trastuzumab-sensitive COH-SC1 tumors in vivo.
Conclusions: Compared with the standard trastuzumab treatment, this study demonstrates alternative therapeutic strategies against HR+/HER2+ tumors through establishment of two PDXs coupled with integrative omics analyses and in vivo drug efficacy examination. This work presents a prototype of future “co-clinical” trials to tailor personalized medicine in clinical practice. Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 395–406. ©2017 AACR.
Conversion of PRPS Hexamer to Monomer by AMPK-Mediated Phosphorylation Inhibits Nucleotide Synthesis in Response to Energy Stress
Authors: Qian Xu , Li Xinjian , Tan Lin , Lee Jong-Ho , Xia Yan , Cai Qingsong , Zheng Yanhua , Wang Hongxia , Lorenzi Philip L. , Lu Zhimin 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Tumors override energy stress to grow. However, how nucleotide synthesis is regulated under energy stress is unclear. We demonstrate here that glucose deprivation or hypoxia results in the AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) S180 and PRPS2 S183, leading to conversion of PRPS hexamers to monomers and thereby inhibiting PRPS1/2 activity, nucleotide synthesis, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) production. Knock-in of nonphosphorylatable PRPS1/2 mutants, which have uninhibited activity, in brain tumor cells under energy stress exhausts cellular ATP and NADPH and increases reactive oxygen species levels, thereby promoting cell apoptosis. The expression of those mutants inhibits brain tumor formation and enhances the inhibitory effect of the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose on tumor growth. Our findings highlight the significance of recalibrating tumor cell metabolism by fine-tuning nucleotide and NAD synthesis in tumor growth.
Significance: Our findings elucidate an instrumental function of AMPK in direct regulation of nucleic acid and NAD synthesis in tumor cells in response to energy stress. AMPK phosphorylates PRPS1/2, converts PRPS1/2 hexamers to monomers, and inhibits PRPS1/2 activity and subsequent nucleotide and NAD synthesis to maintain tumor cell growth and survival. Cancer Discov; 8(1); 94–107. ©2017 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
The influence of thiacloprid on the feeding behaviour of the copepod, Diacyclops bicuspidatus, preying on nematodes
Authors: Arican Cansu , Traunspurger Walter , Spann Nicole 
Published: October 2017

Nowadays, neonicotinoids are the most widespread insecticides. As neurotoxins with high toxicity to many arthropods, they provide effective pest control, but it also became apparent that they are impacting non-target organisms in freshwater habitats. This study investigated the influence of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid on the behaviour of the copepod, Diacyclops bicuspidatus, feeding on different nematode species (Caenorhabditis elegans, Plectus aquatilis, Panagrolaimus sp.) and on a natural nematode community. All experiments demonstrated that thiacloprid led to decreased feeding of D. bicuspidatus (EC50 values 116-158 μg l−1). In addition, in the experiment where nematodes from a natural sediment were offered as prey, copepod feeding was significantly reduced. The copepod feeding response was a more sensitive endpoint than acute and chronic toxicity tests with daphnids that are routinely used for regulatory risk assessment. An impact on feeding is also a parameter with immediate relevance for the copepod population (reduced fitness) and the associated ecosystem.
Public Theology and Liberal Education
Authors: Alexander Hanan A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This essay explores the conditions necessary for religious and nonreligious worldviews to facilitate dialogue across difference in the public discourse of diverse democracies, and for a pedagogy that prepares citizens to participate in that discourse. Following Nel Noddings, I call those prepared to learn from one another through this sort of dialogue ‘intelligent’. They acknowledge the possible fallibility of their beliefs and behaviors and the human capacity to change course when one has strayed from a chosen path. By way of illustration the essay considers how such an intelligent viewpoint might be conceived from the perspective of my own Jewish faith.
Growing at the Margins: Adaptation to Severe Weather in the Marginal Lands of the British Isles
Authors: Speakman Dorian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWith the problem of severe weather events having significant impacts on harvests in Britain, this study has looked at how small-scale food producers use agroecology to adapt to adverse weather conditions; 23 sites growing food using agroecology across the British Isles in areas severely disadvantaged to agriculture were investigated. Because the climate in these areas is generally hostile to horticulture (often in combination with other factors such as land quality), all the participants have to adapt to the prevailing weather conditions and frequent severe weather events. Through detailed interviews, a range of adaptations to specific weather hazards, and their impacts, has been recorded. The adaptations have been grouped into nine different responses types and then analyzed. Results show that the biggest driver for a change in adaptation responses has been drought, and the most consistent adaptation response has been to problems associated with heavy rainfall. With participants showing a varying level of adaptation to severe weather hazards, this study indicates that growers’ experience and ingenuity are factors influencing adaptation and consequently resilience to severe weather. The study acts as a useful scoping study for the potential of the various methods collected in a knowledge base to be reviewed by stakeholders for scaling up for wider adoption by farmers willing to adapt to climate variability.
Longitudinal state-level effects on change in body mass index among middle-aged and older adults in the USA
Authors: Chen Cheng-Chia , Seo Dong-Chul , Lin Hsien-Chang 
Published: October 2017

Objective: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the effects of state-level socioeconomic status (SES), the density of fast food restaurants and walking to work on body mass index (BMI) among US adults aged 50 years and older. The study sought further to account for the interaction effects of three different hierarchical levels of variables, including time-varying variables and time-invariant variables such as individual and state-level variables. Confounding related to environmental/neighbourhood effects was controlled for through sample selection. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2000–2010 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the 2010 US Census. HRS survey participants aged 50 years and older in 2000, residing in the same census tract during 2000–2010 ( N = 6,156) comprised the study sample. A three-level growth model was fitted to BMI trajectories. Results: BMI significantly increased over time showing both a linear and quadratic decelerating trajectory ( p < .001) where BMI grew faster among sampled adults in their early 50s. Women living in the US states with a lower state-level SES had higher BMIs, while men with higher state-level SES had a higher BMI ( b = −.242, p = .013). In states with a higher proportion of people who walked to work, Hispanics had higher BMIs at baseline and a lower BMI growth rate, compared with non-Hispanic whites ( b = −.033, p < .001). Conclusions: Obesity interventions specific to adults aged 50 years and older require greater emphasis. Potential health inequalities regarding weight gain can be ameliorated through tailoring interventions based on sex, environmental and state-level SES influences.
2016 survey about temperature management during extracorporeal circulation in China
Authors: Guo Zhen , Li Xin 
Published: October 2017

Objective: In order to assess the current status of temperature management during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in China and, thereby, implement standardized management protocols, the authors carried out a national survey about institutions performing CPB. Method: The survey was carried out from September 2015 to February 2016 and was supported by the Chinese Society of ExtraCorporeal Circulation. A total of 114 institutions participated, accounting for 15.64% (114/729) of the total of germane Chinese institutions, whereby, 80.85% (38/47) of the institutions had an annual surgical volume of more than 1000 cases. Results: The most common sites of temperature measurement were nasopharyngeal (NP) (99.12%) and rectal (92.98%) while oxygenator blood temperature was less popular (28%). Rectal temperature as the core temperature was chosen by 78.95% of the institutions; 92.11% of the institutions chose nasopharyngeal temperature to represent the cerebral temperature. During deep hypothermia circulatory arrest (DHCA) when there was no cerebral perfusion, 18 to 22℃ was the most common indication of circulatory arrest. However, with cerebral perfusion, more than 40% of the institutions maintained a lowest temperature of 22 to 25℃ for adult and pediatric patients. A NP temperature of 36 to 37℃ was chosen by 70.18% of the institutions while 81.79% chose a rectal temperature of 35 to 36.5℃ as the indication to wean from CPB. The majority of the institutions chose a difference of 10℃ between the water tank and core temperatures as the temperature gradient during rewarming. Auxiliary heat preservation techniques and equipment were used in 91.23% of the institutions, whereas 35.58% of them would lower the indications to wean from CPB. Conclusions: This survey accurately reflects the current situation of temperature management during CPB in institutions with an annual surgical volume of >500 cases, but has, hereby, failed to properly represent the institutions with a lower annual surgical volume.
Controlling a robotic stereo camera under image quantization noise
Authors: Freundlich Charles , Zhang Yan , Zhu Alex Zihao , Mordohai Philippos , Zavlanos Michael M 
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we address the problem of controlling a mobile stereo camera under image quantization noise. Assuming that a pair of images of a set of targets is available, the camera moves through a sequence of Next-Best-Views (NBVs), i.e. a sequence of views that minimizes the trace of the targets’ cumulative state covariance, constructed using a realistic model of the stereo rig that captures image quantization noise and a Kalman Filter (KF) that fuses the observation history with new information. The proposed algorithm decomposes control into two stages: first the NBV is computed in the camera relative coordinates, and then the camera moves to realize this view in the fixed global coordinate frame. This decomposition allows the camera to drive to a new pose that effectively realizes the NBV in camera coordinates while satisfying Field-of-View constraints in global coordinates, a task that is particularly challenging using complex sensing models. We provide simulations and real experiments that illustrate the ability of the proposed mobile camera system to accurately localize sets of targets. We also propose a novel data-driven technique to characterize unmodeled uncertainty, such as calibration errors, at the pixel level and show that this method ensures stability of the KF.
Fabrication of self-assembled folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles as co-carrier of doxorubicin and siRNA
Authors: Li Liangping , Tao Ruisong , Song Mingming , Zhang Yue , Chen Kuanmin , Wang Hui , Gong Renmin 
Published: October 2017

In this paper, the starch was firstly modified by quaternary reagent to obtain cationic starch. Then self-assembled folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles were prepared by a one-pot synthesis via N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide/4-dimethylaminopyridine-mediated esterification reaction. The physicochemical properties of the prepared folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles were characterized. The average diameter of folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles was 109 nm with polydispersity index of 0.183 and zeta potential of 28.59 mV. The folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles were used as co-carrier of siRNA and doxorubicin with satisfactory drug loading capacity (6.98%) and encapsulation efficiency (69.66 %), and siRNA could be efficiently encapsulated at 40/1 weight ratio of doxorubicin/folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles to siRNA. The folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles could effectively protect siRNA from degradation of serum RNAase for up to 48 h. The release characteristics of doxorubicin and siRNA from folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles were studied in different pH environment and the release behaviors of two drugs were all pH sensitive. The folate–biotin-quaternized starch nanoparticles as a potential co-carrier of anticancer agents and gene drugs was expected to achieve future practical application in vitro and in vivo.