bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible off and on switching of prion infectivity via removing and reinstalling prion sialylation
Authors: Katorcha Elizaveta , Daus Martin L. , Gonzalez-Montalban Nuria , Makarava Natallia , Lasch Peter , Beekes Michael , Baskakov Ilia V. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe innate immune system provides the first line of defense against pathogens. To recognize pathogens, this system detects a number of molecular features that discriminate pathogens from host cells, including terminal sialylation of cell surface glycans. Mammalian cell surfaces, but generally not microbial cell surfaces, have sialylated glycans. Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous pathogens that lack coding nucleic acids but do possess sialylated glycans. We proposed that sialylation of PrPSc is essential for evading innate immunity and infecting a host. In this study, the sialylation status of PrPSc was reduced by replicating PrPSc in serial Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification using sialidase-treated PrPC substrate and then restored to original levels by replication using non-treated substrate. Upon intracerebral administration, all animals that received PrPSc with original or restored sialylation levels were infected, whereas none of the animals that received PrPSc with reduced sialylation were infected. Moreover, brains and spleens of animals from the latter group were completely cleared of prions. The current work established that the ability of prions to infect the host via intracerebral administration depends on PrPSc sialylation status. Remarkably, PrPSc infectivity could be switched off and on in a reversible manner by first removing and then restoring PrPSc sialylation.
Probing conformational and functional states of human hepatocyte growth factor by a panel of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Umitsu Masataka , Sakai Katsuya , Ogasawara Satoshi , Kaneko Mika K. , Asaki Ryoko , Tamura-Kawakami Keiko , Kato Yukinari , Matsumoto Kunio , Takagi Junichi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHGF-Met signaling contributes to various biological events by controlling cell migration. Since the abnormal activation of Met receptor causes cancer progression, inhibitors such as neutralizing antibodies are regarded as promising therapeutics. HGF is secreted as a single-chain (sc) precursor and is processed by extracellular proteases to generate disulfide-bonded two-chain (tc) HGF. Although this proteolytic processing of HGF is necessary for its biological activity, exactly how the proteolysis leads to the conversion of HGF to the active form is still unclar due to the lack of structural information. In order to gain insights about this point, we generated 6 antibodies against HGF. All antibodies recognized different epitopes on the native HGF protein and showed distinct effects when tested in a cell-based HGF-Met signaling assay. They included one antibody (t1E4) that strongly blocks Met activation by tcHGF, as well as one antibody (t8E4) exclusively recognizing the active tcHGF but not inactive scHGF. Thus, a panel of anti-HGF antibodies suitable for probing the structural mechanism of HGF activation were obtained.
Amphotericin B Inhibits Enterovirus 71 Replication by Impeding Viral Entry
Authors: Xu Fengwen , Zhao Xiaoxiao , Hu Siqi , Li Jian , Yin Lijuan , Mei Shan , Liu Tingting , Wang Ying , Ren Lili , Cen Shan , Zhao Zhendong , Wang Jianwei , Jin Qi , Liang Chen , Ai Bin , Guo Fei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEnterovirus 71 (EV71) infection causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease that leads to cardiopulmonary complications and death in young children. There is thus an urgent need to find new treatments to control EV71 infection. In this study, we report potent inhibition of EV71 by a polyene antibiotic Amphotericin B. Amphotericin B profoundly diminished the expression of EV71 RNA and viral proteins in the RD cells and the HEK293 cells. As a result, EV71 production was inhibited by Amphotericin B with an EC50 (50% effective concentration) of 1.75 μM in RD cells and 0.32 μM in 293 cells. In addition to EV71, EV68 was also strongly inhibited by Amphotericin B. Results of mechanistic studies revealed that Amphotericin B targeted the early stage of EV71 infection through impairing the attachment and internalization of EV71 by host cells. As an effective anti-fungi drug, Amphotericin B thus holds the promise of formulating a novel therapeutic to treat EV71 infection.
Association of Ankle-Brachial Index and Aortic Arch Calcification with Overall and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hemodialysis
Authors: Chen Szu-Chia , Lee Mei-Yueh , Huang Jiun-Chi , Shih Ming-Chen Paul , Chang Jer-Ming , Chen Hung-Chun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPeripheral artery occlusive disease and vascular calcification are highly prevalent in hemodialysis (HD) patients, however the association of the combination of ankle-brachial index (ABI) and aortic arch calcification (AoAC) with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing HD is unknown. In this study, we investigated whether the combination of ABI and AoAC is independently associated with overall and cardiovascular mortality in HD patients. The median follow-up period was 5.7 years. Calcification of the aortic arch was assessed by chest X-ray. Forty-seven patients died including 24 due to cardiovascular causes during the follow-up period. The study patients were stratified into four groups according to an ABI < 0.95 or ≥0.95 and an AoAC score of >4 or ≤4 according to receiver operating characteristic curve. Those with an ABI < 0.95 and AoAC > 4 (vs. ABI ≥ 0.95 and AoAC score ≤ 4) were associated with overall (hazard ratio [HR], 4.913; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.932 to 12.497; p = 0.001) and cardiovascular (HR, 3.531; 95% CI, 1.070 to 11.652; p = 0.038) mortality in multivariable analysis. The combination of a low ABI and increased AoAC was associated with increased overall and cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing HD.
Transformation of SAC (Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu) nanoparticles into bulk material during melting process with large melting‐point depression
Authors: Kim Hyun Jin , Jang Seok Pil , Lee Jong‐Hyun , Park Yong‐Jun 
Published: September 2016

The experimental observation of the transformation of nanosized SAC (Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu) into bulk‐sized SAC during the melting process involving a large melting‐point depression, using DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and the reflow test is documented. They manufactured the nanosized SAC in dielectric benzyl alcohol using the modified direct‐current arc method. The nanoparticles were spherical in shape with a size distribution of 5–10 nm. Using DSC, the endothermic peaks were continuously measured twice without changing the nanosized SAC. During the initial measurement, they observed peaks at 133, 162 and 217°C. However, in the second cycle, they observed only one peak at 217°C, which indicates the SAC nanoparticles have been completely melted and changed into bulk‐sized SAC in the first cycle. They first conducted a reflow test of the SAC nanoparticles suspended in benzyl alcohol including flux on a printed circuit board and a hot plate which are 170°C. It was observed that SAC nanoparticles were transformed into bulk‐sized SAC during the melting process at 170°C in less than 3 min. After the melting process, they also observed the formation of thin‐layer geometry of SAC with 100 nm and intermetallic Cu6Sn5 between the SAC thin layer and a copper plate on PCB.
Beweggründe für die Inanspruchnahme von Notaufnahmen – Ergebnisse einer Patientenbefragung
Authors: Somasundaram R. , Geissler A. , Leidel B. , Wrede C. 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie: Die Anzahl der Patienten in den Notaufnahmen der Krankenhäuser steigt stetig. Die Beweggründe der Patienten für die Inanspruchnahme von Notaufnahmen wurden in Deutschland bisher wenig untersucht und stützen sich vorwiegend auf Vermutungen. Durch direkte Befragung sollten daher die Gründe für die eigenständige Vorstellung von Notfallpatienten in Notaufnahmen untersucht werden.
Methodik: An 2 Berliner Krankenhäusern der Maximalversorgung wurden 2 010 Patienten standardisiert innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 4 Wochen mithilfe eines Fragebogens anonym befragt. Dabei wurden nur Patienten einbezogen, die selbständig die Notaufnahme aufsuchten. Die Befragungsdaten wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse: Über 90% der Patienten betrachteten sich selbst als Notfall und drei Viertel gaben Schmerzen an. Die Mehrzahl der Patienten (57%) hatte zuvor versucht, während der regulären Praxisöffnungszeiten einen niedergelassenen Arzt zu erreichen. Die Patienten würden mehrheitlich (59%) Notfallstrukturen der KV nutzen, wenn sie vorhanden und bekannt wären. Allerdings kannten 55% der Befragten den KV-Notdienst nicht.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ambulante Notfallstrukturen als zentrale Anlaufstellen an Notfallkrankenhäusern rund um die Uhr erforderlich sind. Die zukünftige Planung der Notfallversorgung muss daher sektorenübergreifend ausgerichtet sein. International bereits eingesetzte Instrumente zur Einbindung von integrierten Telefonzentralen, Ausweitung des ambulanten Angebots und Schaffung von Strukturen für weniger dringliche Fälle an oder in Krankenhäusern sollten im Sinne einer besseren Steuerung der Patientenströme auch in Deutschland implementiert werden.
Surface engineering of SPIONs: role of phosphonate ligand multivalency in tailoring their efficacy
Authors: Lam Tina , Avti Pramod K , Pouliot Philippe , Tardif Jean-Claude , Rhéaume Éric , Lesage Frederic , Kakkar Ashok 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We report the design of scaffolds containing mono-, bis-, and tris-phosphonate coordinating groups, and a polyethylene glycol chain, for stabilizing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), using simple and versatile chemistry. We demonstrate that the number of anchoring phosphonate sites on the ligand influence the colloidal stability, magnetic and biological properties of SPIONs, and the latter do not solely depend on attaching moieties that can enhance their aqueous dispersion. These parameters can be tailored by the number of conjugation sites on the ligand, as evidenced from dynamic light scattering at various salt concentrations, magnetic relaxivities and cell viability studies.
The Effect of Substance Use Disorders on the Association Between Guideline-concordant Long-term Opioid Therapy and All-cause Mortality
Authors: Gaither Julie R. , Goulet Joseph L. , Becker William C. , Crystal Stephen , Edelman E. Jennifer , Gordon Kirsha , Kerns Robert D. , Rimland David , Skanderson Melissa , Justice Amy C. , Fiellin David A. 
Published: September 2016

Objective:
Patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) prescribed long-term opioid therapy (LtOT) are at risk for overdose and mortality. Prior research has shown that receipt of LtOT in accordance with clinical practice guidelines has the potential to mitigate these outcomes. Our objective was to determine whether the presence of a SUD modifies the association between guideline-concordant care and 1-year all-cause mortality among patients receiving LtOT for pain.

Methods:
Among HIV+ and HIV− patients initiating LtOT (≥90 days opioids) between 2000 and 2010 as part of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study, we used time-updated Cox regression and propensity-score matching to examine—stratified by SUD status—the association between 1-year all-cause mortality and 3 quality indicators derived from national opioid-prescribing guidelines. Specifically, we examined whether patients received psychotherapeutic cointerventions (≥2 outpatient mental health visits), benzodiazepine coprescriptions (≥7 days), and SUD treatment (≥1 inpatient day or outpatient visit). These indicators were among those found in a previous study to have a strong association with mortality.

Results:
Among 17,044 patients initiating LtOT, there were 1048 (6.1%) deaths during 1 year of follow-up. Receipt of psychotherapeutic cointerventions was associated with lower mortality in the overall sample and was more protective in patients with SUDs (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–0.56 vs AHR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53–0.81; P for interaction = 0.002). Benzodiazepine coprescribing was associated with higher mortality in the overall sample (AHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.22–1.63), but we found no interaction by SUD status (P for interaction = 0.11). Among patients with SUDs, receipt of SUD treatment was associated with lower mortality (AHR 0.43, 95% CI 0.33–0.57).

Conclusions:
For clinicians prescribing LtOT to patients with untreated SUDs, engaging patients with psychotherapeutic and SUD treatment services may reduce mortality. Clinicians should also avoid, when possible, prescribing opioids with benzodiazepines.
An Extremely Rare Disorder of Somatic Mosaicism
Authors: Anderson Sharon , Brooks Susan Sklower 
Published: September 2016

Background:
CLOVES (Congenital Lipomatous Overgrowth, Vascular malformations, Epidermal nevi Scoliosis, Skeletal, Spinal) syndrome is an extremely rare, complex, non-Mendelian genetic condition with clinical overlap to several other overgrowth syndromes.

Purpose:
This article shares an interesting case report of the prenatal to postnatal diagnostic course for an infant with this condition.

Case Findings/Results:
It shares prenatal and postnatal images and imaging studies which helped confirm the diagnosis. In addition, the unusual genetic causes of the condition as well as recommended patient-specific management and treatment therapies for this complex condition are discussed.

Implications for Practice:
Practice implications include honing of physical examination skills and facilitating diagnostic testing required to differentiate CLOVES syndrome from similar conditions. Providers must provide ongoing information and ensure support to families during this diagnostic process. In addition, the majority of care will likely be provided beyond the newborn period. As such, providers must facilitate outpatient follow-up with a number of consultants after hospital discharge.

Implications for Research:
Because CLOVES syndrome is so rare, research in this area is limited to a small number of field experts. These experts, however, are well-suited to continue research surrounding disease management and lesion treatment (whether surgical, procedural, or medical) moving forward.
Model for a Healthy Work Environment
Authors: Blevins Jamie 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT:
The Healthy Work Environment (HWE) Model, considered a model of standards of professional behaviors, was created to help foster an environment that is happy, healthy, realistic, and feasible. The model focuses on areas of PEOPLE and PRACTICE, where each letter of these words identifies core, professional qualities and behaviors to foster an environment amenable and conducive to accountability for one's behavior and action. Each of these characteristics is supported from a Christian, biblical perspective. The HWE Model provides a mental and physical checklist of what is important in creating and sustaining a healthy work environment in education and practice.
Voluntary and evoked behavioral correlates in inflammatory pain conditions under different social housing conditions
Authors: Pitzer Claudia , Kuner Rohini , Tappe-Theodor Anke 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Most preclinical pain models rely on short-duration stimulus-evoked hind paw measurements even though chronic pain is usually a day and night experience. Pain is a debilitating condition that influences the sociability and the ability for voluntary tasks, but the relevant behavioral readouts for these aspects are mostly underrepresented in the literature. Moreover, we lack standardization in most behavioral paradigms. Important aspects are herewith the combination and duration of particular behavioral tasks and the effects of social environment. We aimed at thoroughly investigating stimulus-evoked and voluntary behavioral parameters in the Complete Freund's Adjuvant model of unilateral hind paw inflammation in male mice. Moreover, we analyzed the impact of different social housing conditions. We used a portfolio of classical response measurements, detailed gait analysis, using 2 different measuring systems (Dynamic weight bearing and CatWalk), as well as observer-independent voluntary wheel running and homecage monitoring in a longitudinal time frame. The impact of grouped or isolated housing was investigated in all behavioral paradigms. We observed that unilateral hind paw inflammation provoked changes in several behaviors. Among these were wheel running activity and different homecage activity parameters. Stimulus-evoked hypersensitivity lasted much longer than gait abnormalities and decreased voluntary wheel running activity. Similar effects were monitored in both social housing conditions. This is the first longitudinal study providing detailed insights into various voluntary behavioral parameters related to pain in a unilateral inflammatory model. Stimulus-evoked behavioral changes lasted longer than changes in voluntary behavioral parameters, and the social environment hardly affects these changes.
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation after human cold pain testing
Authors: Wolz Melissa J. , Sadler Katelyn E. , Long Caela C. , Brenner Daniel S. , Kim Brian S. , Gereau Robert W. , Kolber Benedict J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Changes in cold temperature sensitivity are often associated with chronic pain conditions. Progress in understanding the neurobiological mechanism underlying these changes and resulting development of effective therapies has been slowed by the accessibility and affordability of devices used to measure thermal sensitivity in humans. To address this gap, we developed an inexpensive method to measure cold pain thresholds in healthy adult volunteers using dry ice and a thermode. However, early in preliminary testing, a subject presented with epidermal postinflammatory hyperpigmentation that lasted for >200 days. Although this response was unique among the small number of subjects in development of the assay, it raised questions as to the safety of the assay design.
The dark side of opioids in pain management: basic science explains clinical observation
Authors: Rivat Cyril , Ballantyne Jane 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Introduction:
In the past 2 decades, opioids have been used increasingly for the treatment of persistent pain, and doses have tended to creep up. As basic science elucidates mechanisms of pain and analgesia, the cross talk between central pain and opioid actions becomes clearer.

Objectives:
We aimed to examine the published literature on basic science explaining pronociceptive opioid actions, and apply this knowledge to clinical observation.

Methods:
We reviewed the existing literature on the pronociceptive actions of opioids, both preclinical and clinical studies.

Results:
Basic science provides a rationale for the clinical observation that opioids sometimes increase rather than decrease pain. Central sensitization (hyperalgesia) underlies pain chronification, but can also be produced by high dose and high potency opioids. Many of the same mechanisms account for both central pain and opioid hyperalgesia.

Conclusion:
Newly revealed basic mechanisms suggest possible avenues for drug development and new drug therapies that could alter pain sensitization through endogenous and exogenous opioid mechanisms. Recent changes in practice such as the introduction of titration-to-effect for opioids have resulted in higher doses used in the clinic setting than ever seen previously. New basic science knowledge hints that these newer dosing practices may need to be reexamined. When pain worsens in a patient taking opioids, can we be assured that this is not because of the opioids, and can we alter this negative effect of opioids through different dosing strategies or new drug intervention?
Oral Health in Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Muzyka Brian C. , Glass Magdalena , Glass Oliver M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Psychiatric medications may have serious and untoward adverse effects such as blurred vision, restlessness, agranulocytosis, muscle rigidity, and tremors. When compared to medications, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is becoming a more acceptable treatment due to its efficacy, tolerability, and minimal adverse effect profile. Oral trauma can be an ECT-related adverse effect. We reviewed the published literature on oral health and dental protection in patients undergoing ECT, and found that there are deficits in all guidelines on dental protection during ECT. Dental assessment and treatment before and after ECT is warranted. Given the increased risk of poor oral health in psychiatric patients, and the continued evolution of ECT as a mainstay treatment, it is important that studies be conducted to determine the optimal method of oral protection. If adequate care can be ensured, the risks of ECT-induced oral trauma will be minimized.
MTQuant: “Seeing” Beyond the Diffraction Limit in Fluorescence Images to Quantify Neuronal Microtubule Organization
Authors: Cooper Roshni , Yogev Shaul , Shen Kang , Horowitz Mark 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMotivation:Microtubules (MTs) are polarized polymers that are critical for cell structure and axonal transport. They form a bundle in neurons, but beyond that, their organization is relatively unstudied.Results:We present MTQuant, a method for quantifying MT organization using light microscopy, which distills three parameters from MT images: the spacing of MT minus-ends, their average length, and the average number of MTs in a cross-section of the bundle. This method allows for robust and rapidin vivoanalysis of MTs, rendering it more practical and more widely applicable than commonly-used electron microscopy reconstructions. MTQuant was successfully validated with three ground truth data sets and applied to over 3000 images of MTs in aC. elegansmotor neuron.Availability:MATLAB code is available athttp://roscoope.github.io/MTQuantContact:horowitz@stanford.eduSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline.
Insertion patterns ofP{lacW}andP{EP}artificial transposons on the third chromosome ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Popa Laura I. , Ratiu Attila C. , Ecovoiu Alexandru Al. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTInsertional mutagenesis experiments performed onDrosophila melanogastermodel often relies on induced mobilization of artificial transposons derived from P mobile element. In an attempt to detect transposition preferences, we accomplished a pilot study concerning the insertional patterns ofP{lacW}andP{EP}constructs in the third chromosome ofD. melanogaster.Our inventory inquiry considered 2177 insertions ofP{lacW}and 1646 insertions ofP{EP}available in FB2016_02 release of FlyBase and revealed insertional hotspots and coldspots in 3L and 3R, but also a preference of both artificial transposons to insert in 3R. The general distribution ofP{lacW}andP{EP}insertions appears to be similar but not identical, probably due to differences in size and molecular architecture of these transposons. Our results may have predictive value for experimental design of insertional mutagenesis screenings, but are also expected to contribute to a better understanding ofPtransposon biology.