bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fludioxonil induced the cancer growth and metastasis via altering epithelial–mesenchymal transition via an estrogen receptor‐dependent pathway in cellular and xenografted breast cancer models
Authors: Go Ryeo‐Eun , Kim Cho‐Won , Jeon So‐Ye , Byun Yong‐Sub , Jeung Eui‐Bae , Nam Ki‐Hoan , Choi Kyung‐Chul 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTFludioxonil is an antifungal agent used in agricultural applications that is present at measurable amounts in fruits and vegetables. In this study, the effects of fludioxonil on cancer cell viability, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis were examined in MCF‐7 clonal variant breast cancer cell (MCF‐7 CV cells) with estrogen receptors (ERs). MCF‐7 CV cells were cultured with 0.1% DMSO (control), 17β‐estradiol (E2; 1 ×10−9 M, positive control), or fludioxonil (10−5−10−8 M). MTT assay revealed that fludioxonil increased MCF‐7 CV cell proliferation 1.2 to 1.5 times compared to the control, while E2 markedly increased the cell proliferation by about 3.5 times. When the samples were co‐treated with ICI 182,780 (10−8 M), an ER antagonist, fludioxonil‐induced cell proliferation was reversed to the level of the control. Protein levels of cyclin E1, cyclin D1, Snail, and N‐cadherin increased in response to fludioxonil as the reaction to E2, but these increases were not observed when fludioxonil was administered with ICI 182,780. Moreover, the protein level of p21 and E‐cadherin decreased in response to treatment with fludioxonil, but remained at the control level when co‐treated with ICI 182,780. In xenografted mouse models transplanted with MCF‐7 CV cells, fludioxonil significantly increased the tumor mass formation by about 2.5 times as E2 did when compared to vehicle (0.1% DMSO) during the experimental period (80 days). Immunohistochemistry revealed that the protein level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Snail, and cathepsin D increased in response to fludioxonil as the reaction to E2. These results imply that fludioxonil may have a potential to induce growth or metastatic behaviors of breast cancer by regulation of the expression of cell cycle‐, EMT‐, and metastasis‐related genes via the ER‐dependent pathway. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1439–1454, 2017.
pH‐Directed Synthesis of Two Luminescent Zinc(II) Coordination Compounds based on 5‐Aminotetrazole‐1‐propanoic Acid
Authors: Guo Meng Yue , Sun Peng Peng , Guan Weng Yue , Liu Zhong Jie , Wang Yun , Hu Xue Dan , Yang Gao Wen , Li Qiao Yun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTwo ZnII‐tetrazole‐carboxylate coordination compounds are reported, mononuclear [Zn(atzpa)2(H2O)4]·2H2O (1) and one‐dimensional [Zn(atzpa)2(H2O)2]n (2), derived from 5‐aminotetrazole‐1‐propanoic acid (Hatzpa). The structures of both compounds are determined by the pH value of the reaction system. The luminescence properties of Hatzpa and the compounds were investigated at room temperature in the solid state. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric‐differential thermogravimetric (TG‐DTG) analyses were applied to evaluate the thermal decomposition behavior of such compounds. The relevant thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG) of the decompostion process of compound 1 were calculated, as well.
Validation of Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA, Alternate French Versions
Authors: Nasreddine Ziad Samir , Patel Bhavini Bhovan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjective background: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a questionnaire that has been developed to help physicians around the world diagnose a patient’s cognitive ability. Available in multiple languages and for use in multiple countries worldwide, the goal of this study was to validate the alternate versions 2 and 3 of the French MoCA test to assist physicians in the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), while decreasing the learning effect upon frequent testing. Methods: A validation study was conducted at the MoCA Clinic and Institute in Québec, Canada. The subject population consisted of 25 patients diagnosed with MCI meeting Petersen criteria and 25 healthy subjects serving as the normal control (NC) group. Three MoCA test versions were administered in the French language in random order within one session. Scores obtained in all three versions in MCI and NC groups were assessed for reliability and consistency from one version to the next. Results: On average, scores obtained in each subject group (MCI and NC) fell within their corresponding diagnostic ranges (score above 26 points for NC patients versus scores below 26 points for MCI patients). Difference in scores observed between the original French MoCA version and the two alternate versions in each subject cohort were minimal and not considered clinically significant. Conclusions: All three test versions of the French MoCA are considered equivalent in diagnostic reliability and consistency and contribute to decreasing the potential learning effect when patients are required to repeat the test frequently.
The effects of Ekman pumping on quasi-geostrophic Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Plumley Meredith , Julien Keith , Marti Philippe , Stellmach Stephan 
Published: August 2016

Numerical simulations of three-dimensional rapidly rotating Rayleigh–Bénard convection are performed by employing an asymptotic quasi-geostrophic model that incorporates the effects of no-slip boundaries through (i) parametrized Ekman pumping boundary conditions and (ii) a thermal wind boundary layer that regularizes the enhanced thermal fluctuations induced by pumping. The fidelity of the model, obtained by an asymptotic reduction of the Navier–Stokes equations that implicitly enforces a pointwise geostrophic balance, is explored for the first time by comparisons of simulations against the findings of direct numerical simulations (DNS) and laboratory experiments. Results from these methods have established Ekman pumping as the mechanism responsible for significantly enhancing the vertical heat transport. This asymptotic model demonstrates excellent agreement over a range of thermal forcing for Prandtl number $Pr\approx 1$ when compared with results from experiments and DNS at maximal values of their attainable rotation rates, as measured by the Ekman number ($E\approx 10^{-7}$); good qualitative agreement is achieved for $Pr>1$. Similar to studies with stress-free boundaries, four spatially distinct flow morphologies exists. Despite the presence of frictional drag at the upper and/or lower boundaries, a strong non-local inverse cascade of barotropic (i.e. depth-independent) kinetic energy persists in the final regime of geostrophic turbulence and is dominant at large scales. For mixed no-slip/stress-free and no-slip/no-slip boundaries, Ekman friction is found to attenuate the efficiency of the upscale energy transport and, unlike the case of stress-free boundaries, rapidly saturates the barotropic kinetic energy. For no-slip/no-slip boundaries, Ekman friction is strong enough to prevent the development of a coherent dipole vortex condensate. Instead, vortex pairs are found to be intermittent, varying in both time and strength. For all combinations of boundary conditions, a Nastrom–Gage type of spectrum of kinetic energy is found, where the power-law exponent changes from ${\approx}-3$ to ${\approx}-5/3$, i.e. from steep to shallow, as the spectral wavenumber increases.
A Dynamical Gravitational Wave Source in a Dense Cluster
Authors: Hurley Jarrod R. , Sippel Anna C. , Tout Christopher A. , Aarseth Sverre J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMaking use of a new N-body model to describe the evolution of a moderate-size globular cluster, we investigate the characteristics of the population of black holes within such a cluster. This model reaches core-collapse and achieves a peak central density typical of the dense globular clusters of the Milky Way. Within this high-density environment, we see direct confirmation of the merging of two stellar remnant black holes in a dynamically formed binary, a gravitational wave source. We describe how the formation, evolution, and ultimate ejection/destruction of binary systems containing black holes impacts the evolution of the cluster core. Also, through comparison with previous models of lower density, we show that the period distribution of black hole binaries formed through dynamical interactions in this high-density model favours the production of gravitational wave sources. We confirm that the number of black holes remaining in a star cluster at late times and the characteristics of the binary black hole population depend on the nature of the star cluster, critically on the number density of stars and by extension the relaxation timescale.
On the Bonus Earning Power of a New Business Fund
Authors: Recknell G. H. 
Published: August 2016

If a text be needed for this paper it is to be found in a remark of Mr. Elderton's during the discussion following a paper by Mr. Maltby on “Results of an Investigation into the effect of different valuation bases upon Surplus,” in J.I.A., vol. liii, p. 167. In the course of his argument, in which he dealt with the strain of setting up reserves on the net premium basis in respect of new business, Mr. Elderton said:“If they could not do with as much good new business as they could obtain, which was wrong—the new business or the valuation?”The 3 per-cent net premium method of valuation functions because over the whole business it produces results similar to those which might be expected with a bonus reserve method.
The Child in the Tree: A Study of the Cosmological Tree in Christian Tradition
Authors: Greenhill Eleanor Simmons 
Published: August 2016

In the first of T. S. Eliot's Four Quartets, ‘Burnt Norton,' appear the following lines:
Quick, said the bird, find them, find them,Round the corner. Through the first gate,Into our first world, shall we followThe deception of the thrush? Into our first world.……………Go, said the bird, for the leaves were full of children,Hidden excitedly, containing laughter.Eliot returns to the image of the garden and the children in the last of this cycle, ‘Little Gidding‘:
Through the unknown, remembered gateWhen the last of earth left to discoverIs that which was the beginning;At the source of the longest riverThe voice of the hidden waterfallAnd the children in the apple-treeNot known, because not looked forBut heard, half heard, in the stillness…All manner of thing shall be wellWhen the tongues of flame are in-foldedInto the crowned knot of fireAnd the fire and the rose are one.
Bede's Use of Miracles in ‘The Ecclesiastical History’
Authors: Rosenthal Joel T. 
Published: August 2016

Bede believed in miracles. They were basic to him, both as a practicing Christian and as a working historian. Without accepting this we can understand him neither as a man of the seventh and eighth centuries ncr as the author who carefully constructed the Ecclesiastical History.One of Bede's warmest admirers, the late Bertram Colgrave, was rather embarrassed by what seemed to be the naíveté of his hero. To rescue Bede from the charge of being either overly credulous or simply simple-minded, Colgrave did a useful study of the use of miracle stories in Bede's works, particularly in the Ecclesiastical History. And yet, despite himself, he always remained a little uneasy. His comments to the British Academy reflect a continuing ambivalence, and his last words on the subject were still apologetic in tone.
Greek Uncial Fragments in the Library of Congress in Washington
Authors: Werner Jaeger 
Published: August 2016

There is preserved in the Rare Book Department of the Library of Congress in Washington a sheet of parchment comprising two folia of a medieval manuscript, each covered on both sides with Greek text in uncial script. Seymour de Ricci, in his Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada (N. Y. 1935, I, 211), lists this unique and precious fragment and describes it as follows:‘Library of Congress, ms. no. 60: Sermons, in Greek. Vel. (VIIIth c.), 2 ff. only (27 × 20 cm.), the 2 outer of a quire, 36 lines to a page, written in sloping uncials….Obtained in 1929 … from Casella of Naples (Ms. Ac. 4189, 10, nn. 1–6); certainly of South-Italian origin.’The catalogue does not undertake to identify the author of the text.
Magnitude and frequency variations of vector-borne infection outbreaks using the Ross–Macdonald model: explaining and predicting outbreaks of dengue fever
Authors: AMAKU M. , AZEVEDO F. , BURATTINI M. N. , COELHO G. E. , COUTINHO F. A. B. , GREENHALGH D. , LOPEZ L. F. , MOTITSUKI R. S. , WILDER-SMITH A. , MASSAD E. 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYThe classical Ross–Macdonald model is often utilized to model vector-borne infections; however, this model fails on several fronts. First, using measured (or estimated) parameters, which values are accepted from the literature, the model predicts a much greater number of cases than what is usually observed. Second, the model predicts a single large outbreak that is followed by decades of much smaller outbreaks, which is not consistent with what is observed. Usually towns or cities report a number of recurrences for many years, even when environmental changes cannot explain the disappearance of the infection between the peaks. In this paper, we continue to examine the pitfalls in modelling this class of infections, and explain that, if properly used, the Ross–Macdonald model works and can be used to understand the patterns of epidemics and even, to some extent, be used to make predictions. We model several outbreaks of dengue fever and show that the variable pattern of yearly recurrence (or its absence) can be understood and explained by a simple Ross–Macdonald model modified to take into account human movement across a range of neighbourhoods within a city. In addition, we analyse the effect of seasonal variations in the parameters that determine the number, longevity and biting behaviour of mosquitoes. Based on the size of the first outbreak, we show that it is possible to estimate the proportion of the remaining susceptible individuals and to predict the likelihood and magnitude of the eventual subsequent outbreaks. This approach is described based on actual dengue outbreaks with different recurrence patterns from some Brazilian regions.
On the Lower Tail Variational Problem for Random Graphs
Authors: ZHAO YUFEI 
Published: August 2016

We study the lower tail large deviation problem for subgraph counts in a random graph. LetXHdenote the number of copies ofHin an Erdős–Rényi random graph$\mathcal{G}(n,p)$. We are interested in estimating the lower tail probability$\mathbb{P}(X_H \le (1-\delta) \mathbb{E} X_H)$for fixed 0 < δ < 1.Thanks to the results of Chatterjee, Dembo and Varadhan, this large deviation problem has been reduced to a natural variational problem over graphons, at least forp≥n−αH(and conjecturally for a larger range ofp). We study this variational problem and provide a partial characterization of the so-called ‘replica symmetric’ phase. Informally, our main result says that for everyH, and 0 < δ < δHfor some δH> 0, asp→ 0 slowly, the main contribution to the lower tail probability comes from Erdős–Rényi random graphs with a uniformly tilted edge density. On the other hand, this is false for non-bipartiteHand δ close to 1.
Comparative Study Illustrating Difficulties Educating the Public to Respond to Chemical Terrorism
Authors: Hildebrand Sarah , Bleetman Anthony 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground:In recent years, the perceived threat of chemical terrorism has increased. It is hoped that teaching civilians how to behave during a chemical incident will decrease the number of “worried well” patients at hospitals, reduce secondary contamination, and increase compliance with the instructions of emergency services. The governments of the United Kingdom and Israel sent booklets to every household in their respective countries. In Israel, the civilian population was issued chemical personal protective equipment (chemical personal protective equipment).Methods:The effectiveness of these public education programs was assessed using a scenario-based questionnaire that was distributed to 100 respondents in Birmingham, UK and Jerusalem, Israel. Respondents were asked how they would behave in three deliberate chemical release scenarios and how they would seek information and help.Results:Only 33% of the UK respondents and 22% of the Israeli respondents recalled reading the government booklets. When asked what they would do after being contaminated in a deliberate release, approximately half of the respondents ranked seeking medical care at a hospital as the most appropriate action.The preferred sources of information in the wake of a chemical strike were (in descending order): radio, television, and the Internet. Approximately half of the respondents would call emergency services for information. Forty-one percent of the UK respondents and 33% of Israeli respondents stated that they either would call or go to the nearest hospital to seek information.Conclusions:The public information campaigns in both countries have had a limited impact. Many citizens claimed they would self-present to the nearest hospital following a chemical attack rather than waiting for the emergency services. A similar response was witnessed in the Sarin attacks in Tokyo and the 1991 Scud missile attacks in Israel.Current UK doctrine mandates that specialist decontamination teams be deployed to the scene of a chemical release. However, this takes >1 hour, and it requires at least 30 minutes to don hospital chemical personal protective equipment. Therefore, it is imperative that hospitals are equipped to cope with unannounced self-presenters after a chemical attack. This requires chemical personal protective equipment and protocols that are easier to use.
Soft Tissue Infection after Missile Injuries to the Extremities–A Non-Randomized, Prospective Study in Gaza City
Authors: Hamouda Hazem M. , Witsø Eivind , Moghani Nedal K.E. , Shahwan Ahmed , Nygaard Øystein P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:Patients with soft tissue injuries caused by missile attacks during wartime have been treated with radical debridement and delayed closure. In a study in Gaza City, the rate of infection of missile injuries to the extremities when treated with minimal surgical intervention, was measured.Methods:Patients with severe soft tissue damage, compound fractures, and injuries to major blood vessels and/or nerves were excluded from the study. One hundred fourteen patients were treated according to a standardized regime that included a superficial, minor surgery revision of the inlet and the outlet opening, and antibiotic treatment. Local soft tissue infection was defined as the presence of at least two signs of local infection.Results:A total of 109 out of 114 patients attended the first follow-up visit. Eleven (10%) of these patients had an infected wound. A total of 105 of the patients (92%) attended a second follow-up. None of these patients had an infected wound.Conclusions:Under conditions with a high number of causalities, minimal surgical treatment followed by the administration of antibiotics is a safe procedure for patients with penetrating missile injuries and less severe soft tissue damage.
Mass-Gathering Medicine: A Review of the Evidence and Future Directions for Research
Authors: Arbon Paul 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA review of mass-gathering medicine literature published by the Journal Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, demonstrates the progressive development of our knowledge and understanding of the health effects of mass gatherings and the strategies that appear to contribute positively to effective health services delivery during these events. In addition, the growing need for research that can underpin a more evidence-based approach to planning for and managing these events is apparent. The call for less descriptive and more critical and conceptual analyses has been increasing in volume and, it is argued, the challenge now is to apply research frameworks that can contribute more effectively to science-based, medical practice.
Distribution of Casualties in a Mass-Casualty Incident with Three Local Hospitals in the Periphery of a Densely Populated Area: Lessons Learned from the Medical Management of a Terrorist Attack
Authors: Bloch Yuval H. , Schwartz Dagan , Pinkert Moshe , Blumenfeld Amir , Avinoam Shkolnick , Hevion Giora , Oren Meir , Goldberg Avishay , Levi Yehezkel , Bar-Dayan Yaron 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:A mass-casualty incident (MCI) can occur in the periphery of a densely populated area, away from a metropolitan area. In such circumstances, the medical management of the casualties is expected to be difficult because the nearest hospital and the emergency medical services (EMS), only can offer limited resources.When coping with these types of events (i.e., limited medical capability in the nearby medical facilities), a quick response time and rational triage can have a great impact on the outcome of the victims. The objective of this study was to identify the lessons learned from the medical response to a terrorist attack that occurred on 05 December 2005, in Netanya, a small Israeli city.Methods:Data were collected during and after the event from formal debriefings and from patient files. The data were processed using descriptive statistics and compared to those from previous events. The event is described according to Disastrous Incidents Systematic Analysis Through Components, Interactions, Results (DISAST-CIR) methodology.Results:Four victims and the terrorist died as a result of this suicide bombing. A total of 131 patients were evacuated (by EMS or self-evacuation) to three nearby hospitals. Due to the proximity of the event to the ambulance dispatch station, the EMS response was quick.The first evacuation took place only three minutes after the explosion. Non-urgent patients were diverted to two close-circle hospitals, allowing the nearest hospital to treat urgent patients and to receive the majority of self-evacuated patients. The nearest hospital continued to receive patients for >6 hours after the explosion, 57 of them (78%) were self-evacuated.Conclusion:The distribution of casualties from the scene plays a vital role in the management of a MCI that occurs in the outskirts of a densely populated area.Non-urgent patients should be referred to a hospital close to the scene of the event, but not the closest hospital.The nearest hospital should be prepared to treat urgent casualties, as well as a large number of self-evacuated patients.