bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A01: The efficacy of a diabetic registry to improve survival rates in under-resourced environments
Authors: Anderson Tania , Maynor Alexis , beech Derrick , Alema-Mensah Ernest 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Purpose: African Americans are disproportionately affected by diabetes and the associated complications of metabolic syndrome compared to Caucasians. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States thus contributing to over 300,000 deaths in the U.S. annually. Thirteen percent of those diagnosed are African Americans. Factors associated with optimally managing diabetes include periodic measures of Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) and Body Mass Index (BMI). We hypothesize that a Diabetes/ Metabolic Disease Registry is an effective way to assess the management of diabetes and will assist in controlling and ultimately reducing morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in underserved communities.
Methods: A diabetes metabolic disease registry was created based on best-practice clinical parameters. Demographic factors, co-morbidities and overall health maintenance were assessed. The instrument was evaluated using 52 de-identified patients' information from local Atlanta hospitals. The registry consisted of a comprehensive questionnaire with content pertinent to the diagnosis and management of diabetes such as BMI, HgbA1c and FBG. After inputting data, Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) was used for analysis. Lastly we evaluated the data input devices (smartphone versus computer) for ease and efficiency.
Results: In this study, the mean age of the patients was 59 years of age. Eighty-eight percent were female. Over 60% of the patients were classified as obese or morbidly obese. Greater than 70% had persistently elevated levels of HgbA1C and over 65% had mildly or significantly elevated levels of FBG. Cholesterol and LDL levels were normal for about 80% of patients which indicates that those factors are not pertinent to managing diabetes.
Conclusion: A Metabolic Disease Registry is an effective way to analyze diabetes management in underserved communities. Data was accurately entered at the exact same rate for both devices suggesting that both means of data entry (computers and smartphones) are equally as efficient. The elevated levels of HgbA1c and FGB in the majority of patients indicate that the serum glucose was not being controlled effectively, in spite of the fact that the majority of patients were under long-term care of a physician and had well defined care plans. We hope that this study will assist in controlling diabetes and lower the rates among those in underserved areas.
Citation Format: Tania Anderson, Alexis Maynor, Derrick beech, Ernest Alema-Mensah. The efficacy of a diabetic registry to improve survival rates in under-resourced environments. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A01.
Abstract A05: Biological factors associated with cancer health disparity - a high-throughput approach using big data
Authors: Yu Kaixian , Xu Yun , Tang Ke , Steppi Albert , Zhang Jinfeng 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The accumulation of public available high-throughput experimental data has made analyzing the data a bottleneck in scientific discovery. In this study, we explore a computational, high-throughput approach for identifying biological factors associated with cancer health disparity using the data available at the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We developed an integrative genomic analysis (IGA) tool, which performs multiple analysis tasks, including gene/protein level comparison, gene set level comparison and network/pathway level comparison. Several data types can be analyzed, including RNAseq, DNA methylation, miRNAseq, and protein expressions. By varying cancer types, race groups, and data types, we are able to generate a large set of novel findings, which may shed light on the biological factors associated with cancer health disparity for various cancer types and race groups. Interactive reports are generated to facilitate further exploration of the biological significance of the findings. With this high-throughput approach, the bottleneck for us now shifts to publishing the results. We invite researchers in cancer health disparity community to collaborate with us to publish the findings.
Citation Format: Kaixian Yu, Yun Xu, Ke Tang, Albert Steppi, Jinfeng Zhang. Biological factors associated with cancer health disparity - a high-throughput approach using big data. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A05.
Abstract A18: Exploration of Florida blacks' understanding of precision medicine for cancer care and treatment
Authors: Redwine Christina L. , Odedina Folakemi , Lyon Debra , Nguyen Jennifer 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background and Objective: African-Americans in the US have the highest cancer mortality rates. Recognizing the need to address this disparity via technological and scientific innovation, In January 2015, President Obama introduced the Precision Medicine Initiative in his State of the Union Address. Allocating $215 million dollars in the 2016 budget, precision medicine should address these cancer health disparities. Yet, little is known about self-identified African-Americans/Blacks' knowledge of precision medicine.
Strategy: The objective is to understand Floridan African American men and women's knowledge of Precision Medicine and ability to successfully explain underlying concepts relative to the Precision Medicine Initiative. Using a cross-sectional design, Florida Blacks' were recruited at health forums, barbershops, salons, and churches in the state of Florida. Participants completed a self-administered survey that asked about their demographics, knowledge of precision medicine and ability to explain PMI concepts. Participants who completed the study were given either a $5 gift card of a shirt.
Results: A total of 132 participants completed the self-administered survey. Majority of the participants were female (64%) and Native U.S Blacks (85% African American of African descent). 62% were college trained and 71% were currently employed. 7% of participants had been diagnosed with cancer before and roughly 62% of them had private insurance. Well over 70% of participants have never heard of the concepts precision medicine, and pharmacogenomics. Over 50% of participants had never heard of personalized medicine, individualized medicine, and genomic sequencing. Participants were more familiar with the terms clinical trials, abnormal genes, hereditary risk, and genetic abnormality. They were also able to successfully describe the four terms that they were more familiar with. 73% participants stated that they did not know whether or not the use of precision medicine would improve cancer care and treatment.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that majority of participants are unaware of precision medicine. There was little to no understanding about the role of precision medicine in cancer care and treatment. There is a great need to educate minority populations about the Precision Medicine Initiative and identify facilitators and barriers to engagement in order to address health disparities effectively and efficiently.
Citation Format: Christina L. Redwine, Folakemi Odedina, Debra Lyon, Jennifer Nguyen. Exploration of Florida blacks' understanding of precision medicine for cancer care and treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A18.
Abstract A27: Recruitment methods for engaging rural African American populations in community-based research
Authors: Scott Michelle , Huff Tamara , Albertie Monica , Colon-Otero Gerardo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
There is a paucity of data on African Americans in community-based research secondary to difficulties in recruitment. These challenges include transportation, outreach barriers, fear and mistrust of researchers, lack of knowledge about disorder/issue under study, and lack of incentives. We hypothesized that we could improve recruitment in rural African American women by engaging community centers such as churches, community health centers, and doctor's offices.
Over a 1 month period, we sought to recruit 40 women for a community based research project with a primary outcome of increasing activity in rural African American women (45-70 years old) with knee pain. The outlets used to recruit these women included: five churches with a community liaison, many primary care physicians' offices, and a newspaper ad. In 1 month, 67 women expressed interest in our program by initiating contact. Of those 67 women, 42 were eligible and 37 were enrolled. Of the 42 eligible women, 24 were recruited from churches, 11 through word of mouth, 3 from physicians' offices, and 3 from the newspaper ad.
Lack of literature on how to recruit in rural African American communities is a significant barrier to research participation among African Americans. In this project, we provide a reproducible recruitment process for engaging rural African American women in community based research. While our primary focus was knee pain, this recruitment process can easily be translated into other areas of community based research including cancer and cardiovascular disease among others.
Citation Format: Michelle Scott, Tamara Huff, Monica Albertie, Gerardo Colon-Otero. Recruitment methods for engaging rural African American populations in community-based research. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A27.
Abstract A58: Interaction of diabetes and obesity in postmenopausal breast cancer risk among black women
Authors: Sanderson Maureen , Lipworth Loren , Shen-Miller David , Shrubsole Martha J. , Beeghly-Fadiel Alicia , Nechuta Sarah , Shu Xiao-ou , Zheng Wei 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Meta-analyses of the association between diabetes and postmenopausal breast cancer have been conducted primarily among white women with summary relative risks [RR] of approximately 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.24). The only related prospective cohort study among black women reported a RR of 0.93 (95% CI 0.73-1.19). We conducted a case-control study to examine whether diabetes was associated with subsequent breast cancer among postmenopausal black women and whether obesity modified this association.
Methods: Women diagnosed with incident postmenopausal breast cancer between September 2009 and December 2012 were identified through statewide cancer registries in Georgia, South Carolina and Tennessee. One control per case, individually matched on age at enrollment, state and household income, were selected from Southern Community Cohort Study participants. Women whose breast cancer and diabetes were diagnosed within one year of each other were excluded to minimize detection bias resulting in 839 cases and 839 controls for analysis. Data on diabetes (cases n=244, controls n=336) and obesity (cases n=468, controls n=466) were obtained from baseline surveys; data on breast cancer histologic subtype (estrogen receptor (ER) positive n=556, ER negative n=216) were from cancer registry records.
Results: Using conditional logistic regression with further adjustment for educational level and health insurance coverage, there was a reduced risk of breast cancer associated with self-reported diabetes (odds ratio (OR) 0.63, 95% CI 0.49-0.80). Obesity did not significantly modify the effect of diabetes on breast cancer, but there was a stronger risk reduction among non-obese women (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.34-0.77) than obese women (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.94) (p for interaction=0.25). The inverse association was more pronounced for ER positive breast cancer (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.37-0.70) than ER negative breast cancer (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.51-1.37). However, the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusions: In this large case-control study among black women, we found the first evidence suggesting a significant inverse association between diabetes and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings and to evaluate the underlying mechanisms, particularly regarding metformin use.
Citation Format: Maureen Sanderson, Loren Lipworth, David Shen-Miller, Martha J. Shrubsole, Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Sarah Nechuta, Xiao-ou Shu, Wei Zheng. Interaction of diabetes and obesity in postmenopausal breast cancer risk among black women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A58.
Abstract A61: Deleterious consequences of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations via CRISPR-Cas9 in ancestrally distinct triple-negative breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Spears Marcus , Ricks-Santi Luisel , McDonald John Tyson 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
There is a critical need to identify additional viable treatment options for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) that is more likely to develop in African American (AA) women who have a lower incidence of BCa, in general, but have a higher mortality from all invasive BCa subtypes compared to Caucasian (CA) women. The ground-breaking genomic editing CRISPR-Cas9 technology was used to better understand cancer driving mutations amongst two different genetic backgrounds. Using this tool, potentially deleterious mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 DNA repair genes were introduced in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) lines from African or Caucasian ancestries. The dependence of the tumor protein p53 (TP53) activity due to the R248Q mutation was also be examined by reverting that mutation to wild-type. As a positive control, we also targeted the “187delAG” mutation in the BRCA1 gene. This mutation is a two base-pair deletion (AG), causing a frameshift mutation resulting in a stop codon and premature truncation leading functional loss of BRCA1. Following successful introduction of this variant in two TNBC cell lines (AA: HCC70 & CA: HCC1143), two other variants identified previously by next generation sequencing of 32 high risk patients (young African American women with breast cancer) were also tested. To introduce the variants, guide RNA (gRNA) sequences were designed using the online CRISPR design tool (http://crispr.mit.edu). Three optimal gRNAs were chosen to limit off-target effects, mismatches close to the PAM site and minimize the distance to the target site. To ensure homologous recombination repair, template donor sequences (100bp) were designed with the target variant as well as a silent mutation site to introduce either an Hpy8I or SsiI cut site. Cells were transfected via Lipofectamine Messenger Max with the donor sequence, mRNA for the Cas9 protein and gRNA from the GeneArt CRISPR T7 Strings system. The most efficient gRNA was chosen for further optimization. Finally, the R248Q TP53 mutation in both cell lines was reverted to wild-type. The introduction of these mutations were tested for the effects on cell survival in response to ionizing radiation and bleomycin to determine the functional consequences. Future studies will introduce variants of unknown significance for functional testing to better understand potential drug targets in precision medicine.
Citation Format: Marcus Spears, Luisel Ricks-Santi, John Tyson McDonald. Deleterious consequences of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations via CRISPR-Cas9 in ancestrally distinct triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A61.
Abstract B07: Design and preliminary outcomes of a study to reduce cancer-associated reactive metabolite levels in breast cancer survivors – The RCAM Study
Authors: Ford Marvella E. , Turner David P. , Gregoski Mathew J. , Peterson Lindsay L. , Knight Kendrea D. , Hilton Ebony J. , Magwood Gayenell 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is the 2nd leading cause of cancer death in women in the US. African American (AA) women have higher BCa mortality rates and higher obesity rates compared to other women. It is well known that exercise and a healthier diet can improve prognosis among BCa survivors but little is known about their positive effects on common biological pathways involved in BCa recurrence. The RCAM Study is a 1-year study designed to identify bio-behavioral pathways that may impact BCa recurrence. The study evaluates the effect of the intervention on a novel biomarker associated with cancer recurrence advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The intervention, adapted from the highly successful Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), consists of a 12-week physical activity and dietary counseling program. The supervised physical activity component is conducted twice a week at a local health system's cardiopulmonary rehabilitation center; the individualized dietary counseling component is conducted weekly at the health system's weight management center. The study participants consist of overweight or obese women who received surgery for invasive BCa and who are within 36 months of diagnosis. In addition, adjuvant therapy must have been received at least four weeks prior to study enrollment. To date, 10 participants have completed the 12-week intervention and will be followed for 1 year. Preliminary ELISA data from blood samples collected pre- and post-12 week intervention show significant post-intervention reductions in inflammatory biomarker levels. Commensurate decreases in body mass, resting heart rate, and blood pressure were also seen. The average pre-/post-intervention decrease in AGE levels was not as dramatic for the AA participants, most of whom were morbidly obese at enrollment, as for the European American (EA) women, most of whom were overweight at enrollment. These data demonstrate the high potential of the RCAM intervention in improving prognosis among BCa survivors and show the need to tailor the intervention to meet the specific needs of AA women.
Citation Format: Marvella E. Ford, David P. Turner, Mathew J. Gregoski, Lindsay L. Peterson, Kendrea D. Knight, Ebony J. Hilton, Gayenell Magwood. Design and preliminary outcomes of a study to reduce cancer-associated reactive metabolite levels in breast cancer survivors – The RCAM Study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B07.
Abstract B09: Fetuin-A, an emerging biomarker for breast and prostate cancer
Authors: Nangami Gladys , Ochieng Josiah , Appah Ebenezer , Lammers Philip E. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We hypothesized that fetuin-A, a liver derived glycoprotein would be a useful biomarker to follow for the progression of prostate and breast cancer particularly in African American patients. For many years, conflicting reports have appeared in the literature regarding the role of fetuin-A in the progression of a number of solid tumors. The majority of the studies have reported that the serum levels of fetuin-A drops as tumors progress, suggesting a tumor suppressive role for the protein. We on the other hand, demonstrated that it is a significant tumor growth promoter in vitro. In the recent past, a number of laboratories, including ours, have indicated that fetuin-A is actively synthesized by high grade tumors.
In the present study, we investigated the appearance of fetuin-A autoantibodies in the sera of 12 prostate and breast cancer patients, 60% of whom were African Americans. We demonstrated the presence of fetuin-A auto antibodies in all except two of the tumor serum specimens. Blood of normal tumor free individuals do not show fetuin-A autoantibodies. We also subjected tissue microarrays of prostate and breast tumors to immune-histochemical analysis of fetuin-A. Our data show a dramatic increase in the synthesis of fetuin-A in the TMA particularly in high grade tumors. Taken together, these results suggest that as tumors become more aggressive they may synthesize fetuin-A which then presents as a new antigen in the blood that provokes the synthesis of auto-antibodies, which could be a biomarker of advanced or metastatic disease. Furthermore, the study suggests that fetuin-A itself could be a significant surrogate marker of aggressive tumors of the prostate or breast particularly in African Americans.
Citation Format: Gladys Nangami, Josiah Ochieng, Ebenezer Appah, Philip E. Lammers. Fetuin-A, an emerging biomarker for breast and prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B09.