bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbreitung der Medikamenteneinnahme und des klinisch relevanten Medikamentengebrauchs basierend auf dem Epidemiologischen Suchtsurvey 2015
Authors: Piontek Daniela , Atzendorf Josefine , Gomes de Matos Elena , Kraus Ludwig 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Repräsentative Ergebnisse zur Verbreitung der (problematischen) Einnahme von Medikamenten in Deutschland liegen aus dem Epidemiologischen Suchtsurvey (ESA) 2015 vor. In den letzten 12 Monaten haben demnach 62,6% der 18- bis 64-jährigen Erwachsenen mindestens ein Medikament eingenommen. Von den erfassten Arzneimittelgruppen wurden Schmerzmittel am häufigsten genutzt. Insgesamt 6,0% der Frauen und 4,5% der Männer zeigten Hinweise auf einen klinisch relevanten Gebrauch von Medikamenten.
Industrie-Einflüsse auf die Arzneimittelversorgung – mehr Unabhängigkeit ist möglich
Authors: Koch Cora , Lieb Klaus 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Beziehungen zwischen Ärzteschaft und pharmazeutischen Unternehmen (pU) führen zu Interessenkonflikten, die das ärztliche Urteilsvermögen beeinflussen können. Dies kann zu unnötig teuren oder sogar schädlichen Verschreibungen führen. Transparenz und die Vermeidung von Interessenkonflikten soweit möglich sowie der Besuch von unabhängigen Fortbildungsveranstaltungen und die Nutzung von unabhängigen Informationsmedien sind Möglichkeiten, die ärztliche Unabhängigkeit von pU zu erhalten.
Fold Bifurcation Caused by Pollution Emission in an OLG Economy
Authors: Cao Dong , Wang Lin , Wang Shouyang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the macroeconomic effect of pollution emission in an overlapping generation system. This is done through constructing an endogenous economy which generates pollution and environment deterioration. It shows how different level of pollution emission could cause complexity such as fold bifurcation in this system. In addition, numerical simulations are provided to show the emergency of complexity.
Ammonia Volatilization of Zinc Sulfate‐Coated and NBPT‐Treated Urea Fertilizers
Authors: Adotey Nutifafa , Kongchum Manoch , Li Jifeng , Whitehurst Garnett B. , Sucre Eric , Harrell Dustin L. 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
Combining Zn sulfate‐coated urea with low percent NBPT improved ammonia volatilization control in low pH soil when compared to the recommended NBPT application rate.
Combining Zn sulfate‐coated urea with boron compounds provided ammonia volatility control.
The inhibitory effect of urea coated with Zn sulfate alone on ammonia volatilization is influenced by soil properties.
A study was conducted to determine ammonia loss from surface‐broadcast urea, urea treated with three rates of N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), and experimental zinc sulfate (ZnSO4)‐coated urea (ZSCU) fertilizers with or without urease inhibitors. Four trials were conducted in environmentally regulated boxes over a 14‐d period. Cumulative ammonia loss from urea was 13.98, 15.57, 23.07, and 27.74% of applied N for the Mowata, Crowley H, Crowley L, and Kinder soils, respectively. Cumulative ammonia loss from urea was greater than all rates of NBPT‐treated urea (5.57–13.35%) and ZSCU fertilizer containing urease inhibitors (2.63–11.50%) across soil types. The number of days after fertilization when the maximum rate of ammonia loss occurred increased with each incremental increase in NBPT rate for the Mowata and Crowley L soils, increased between the 0.3 and 0.6 g kg−1 NBPT rates for the Crowley H soil, and increased between the 0.6 and 0.9 g kg−1 NBPT rates for the Kinder soil. Only one of the experimental ZSCU fertilizers (zinc sulfate‐coated urea with boron and NBPT [ZUN]; Crowley H soil only) increased the number of days after fertilization when the maximum rate of ammonia loss occurred; however, the volatilization rate was lower than urea for all ZSCU fertilizers across soils. The ZUN and ZUC were the most effective ZSCU fertilizer in minimizing cumulative ammonia volatilization by 58 to 81%. The ZSCU fertilizers have the potential to reduce ammonia losses as compared to urea; however, ZSCU fertilizers with B and NBPT were the most effective.
KONTROVERSI PEMIKIRAN ANTARA IMAM MALIK DENGAN IMAM SYAFI’I TENTANG MASLAHAH MURSALAH SEBAGAI SUMBER HUKUM
Authors: Rohman Taufiqur 
Published: September 2017

This article discusses about argument of <em>maslahah mursalah</em> as a source of law. The focus of the study in this paper is a controversial idea between Imam Malik and Imam Shafi'i about <em>maslahah mursalah</em> as a source of law. Controversy thinking between both of them as a source of law. First, Imam Malik used <em>maslahah mursalah</em> as a source of law, but Imam Malik stressed the establishment of the law by taking the benefit and using the ratio, it must not controvert with the rule of law that has been set by <em>nash</em> or <em>ijma '</em>. If there is a controversy then it must precede <em>nash</em> than <em>maslahat</em>. Secondly, Imam Shafi'i did not use <em>maslahah</em> <em>mursalah</em> as a source of law because it did not have a definite standard of <em>nash</em> and <em>qiyas</em>, while Imam Shafi'i’s establishment is all of law must be based on <em>nash</em> as <em>qiyas</em>. Imam Shafi'i did not mention this method in his book, <em>al-Risalah</em>. This controversy caused by the absence of a special argumentation that declare about <em>maslahah</em> accepted by <em>Syar'i</em> either directly or indirectly.<br />---<br /><br />Artikel ini mendiskusikan kehujjahan <em>maslahah mursalah </em>sebagai sumber hukum. Fokus kajian dalam tulisan ini adalah kontroversi pemikiran Imam Malik dengan Imam Syafi’i tentang <em>maslahah mursalah </em>sebagai sumber hukum. Kontroversi pemikiran antara keduanya tentang kehujjahan <em>maslahah mursalah </em>sebagai sumber hukum. <em>Pertama,</em> Imam Malik menggunakan <em>maslahah mursalah </em>sebagai sumber hukum, tetapi Imam Malik menekankan bahwa pembentukan hukum dengan mengambil kemaslahatan yaitu dengan menggunakan rasio tidak boleh bertentangan dengan tata hukum yang telah ditetapkan <em>nash </em>atau <em>ijma’</em>. Apabila terjadi pertentangan maka wajib mendahulukan <em>nash </em>dibandingkan maslahat. <em>Kedua, </em>Imam Syafi’i tidak menggunakan <em>maslahah mursalah </em>sebagai sumber hukum karena <em>mashlahah mursalah</em> tidak memiliki standar yang pasti dari nash maupun <em>qiyas</em>, sedangkan pendirian Imam Syafi’i semua hukum haruslah didasarkan <em>nash</em> atau disandarkan pada <em>nash</em> sebagaimana <em>qiyas</em>. Imam Syafi’i sendiri tidak menyinggung metode ini dalam kitabnya <em>al-Risalah</em>. Adanya kontroversi ini karena tidak adanya dalil khusus yang menyatakan diterimanya <em>maslahah </em>oleh <em>Syar’i </em>baik secara langsung maupun tidak.
LAKI-LAKI SEBAGAI SEKUTU GERAKAN PEREMPUAN
Authors: Hasyim Nur 
Published: September 2017

<p class="IIABSTRAK333">Paper ini mengkaji tentang laki-laki yang menjadi sekutu bagi gerakan perempuan. Melalui proses sensitisasi atau penyadaran, laki-laki se­bagai kelompok dominan dalam penindasan atas dasar jenis kelamin dapat memiliki kesadaran feminis atau menjadi bagian dari per­juangan perempuan dalam menghapus ketidakadilan berbasis gender. Namun demikian, posisi laki-laki dalam gerakan perempuan problematis karena privilese dan kekuasaan yang melekat kepada laki-laki sementara keterlibatan mereka dalam gerakan perempuan adalah untuk mendorong laki-laki berhenti menikmati privilese dan kekuasaan sendiri dan selanjutnya mendorong laki-laki untuk mau berbagi privilese dan kekuasaan dengan perempuan. Paper ini meng­upas arah gerakan laki-laki sebagai sekutu gerakan perempuan untuk memastikan bahwa gerakan laki-laki pro-feminis ini benar-benar untuk pencapaian keadilan yang hakiki yakni untuk pencapaian ke­adilan bagi laki-laki dan perempuan dan bukan untuk menciptakan dominasi baru laki-laki dalam ruang-ruang politik perempuan. </p>
Data Extraction Techniques for Spreadsheet Records
Authors: Simkin Mark G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Many accounting applications use spreadsheets as repositories of accounting records, and a common requirement is the need to extract specific information from them. This paper describes a number of techniques that accountants can use to perform such tasks directly using common spreadsheet tools. These techniques include (1) simple and advanced filtering techniques, (2) database functions, (3) methods for both simple and stratified sampling, and, (4) tools for finding duplicate or unmatched records.
Patrimoine immatériel japonais, du défilé de char à la corbeille de bambou
Authors: Guichard-Anguis Sylvie 
Published: September 2017

Le Japon est le premier pays d’Asie à avoir constitué une législation destinée à protéger son patrimoine culturel. Il a inventé la notion de patrimoine culturel immatériel au début des années 1950 qu’il a ensuite fait admettre par la communauté internationale en 2003 sous la forme d’une convention de l’UNESCO. L’article analyse les conditions de la mise en place de cette législation, son esprit comme les obstacles nombreux surgis à la fin du xx e siècle. La catégorie des biens culturels immatériels se divise fondamentalement en deux : les arts scéniques, d’une part, et l’artisanat et les arts décoratifs, d’autre part. La législation japonaise tente de s’adapter en permanence à un contexte très évolutif. L’accent principal est mis sur la notion de transmission.
Toric ICL Implantation After Sequential Intracorneal Ring Segments Implantation and Corneal Cross-linking in Keratoconus: 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Abdelmassih Youssef , el-Khoury Sylvain , Chelala Elias , Slim Elise , Cherfan Carole G. , Jarade Elias 
Published: September 2017

PURPOSE:
To evaluate 6-month and 2-year safety and clinical outcomes of Visian toric Implantable Collamer Lens (toric ICL) (STAAR Surgical, Monrovia, CA) implantation for the treatment of residual refractive errors after sequential intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) insertion and cross-linking (CXL) in keratoconus.

METHODS:
This consecutive case series included the results of a three-step ICRS–CXL–toric ICL procedure in 16 eyes of 13 patients with moderate to severe keratoconus (stages II and III of Amsler–Krumeich classification). The ICRS and CXL procedures were performed sequentially with an interval of 4 weeks and the toric ICL implantation was performed at least 6 months after CXL. Data were collected preoperatively, at 6 months after sequential ICRS–CXL, and at 6 and 24 months following toric ICL implantation. All 16 eyes were evaluated at the 2-year follow-up.

RESULTS:

There was a significant decrease in keratometry (steep, flat, and maximum) and refraction (sphere and spherical equivalence, but not cylinder) and a significant increase in both uncorrected (UDVA) (from 1.06 to 0.76 logMAR,
P
= .004) and corrected (CDVA) (from 0.42 to 0.26 logMAR;
P
= .002) distance visual acuity 6 months following sequential ICRS–CXL, whereas UDVA and refraction significantly improved 6 months after ICL insertion (UDVA reached 0.33 logMAR,
P
= .001). At the 24-month follow-up, UDVA and keratometric readings were stable, whereas CDVA, sphere, and cylinder showed a significant improvement.

CONCLUSIONS:
Implantation of Visian toric ICL following sequential ICRS insertion and CXL is an effective and safe option for correcting high residual refractive error and improving visual acuity in patients with moderate to severe keratoconus in the long term.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(9):610–616.]
A Technique to Reduce Incidence of Opaque Bubble Layer Formation During LASIK Flap Creation Using the VisuMax Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Wu Ningling , Christenbury Joseph G. , Dishler Jon G. , Bozkurt Tahir Kansu , Duel Daniel , Zhang Lijun , Hamilton D. Rex 
Published: September 2017

PURPOSE:
To identify risk factors for opaque bubble layer (OBL) formation and compare the incidence of OBL using a cone modification technique versus the original technique for LASIK flap creation using the VisuMax laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany).

METHODS:
This retrospective study examined videos of flap creation using the VisuMax laser to identify OBL occurrence. Eyes were divided into three groups: eyes where OBL occurred using the original technique (OBL group), eyes where OBL did not occur using the original technique (no OBL group), and eyes in which the cone modification technique was used for LASIK flap creation (larger flap diameter) (cone modification technique group). Preoperative measurements including simulated keratometry (flat and steep) values, white-to-white distance (WTW), pachymetry, patient age and gender, amount of correction, flap parameters, energy setting, corneal hysteresis, and corneal resistance factor were analyzed to identify parameters with statistical difference between the OBL and no OBL groups. Incidence of OBL was compared between the original and cone modification techniques.

RESULTS:

OBL incidence was significantly lower with the cone modification technique (7.6%; 7 of 92 eyes) than with the original technique (28.8%; 34 of 118 eyes) (Fisher's exact test,
P
= .0009). Factors identified with a significant difference between eyes with and without OBL using the original technique were: corneal thickness (OBL: 561.2
μ
m, no OBL: 549.6
μ
m,
P
= .0132), WTW diameter (OBL: 11.6 mm, no OBL: 11.9 mm,
P
= .0048), corneal resistance factor (OBL: 10.4 mm Hg, no OBL: 9.6 mm Hg,
P
= 0.0329), and corneal astigmatism (OBL: 0.80 diopter, no OBL: 1.00 diopter,
P
= .0472)

CONCLUSIONS:
Less astigmatic, thicker, denser, and smaller corneas increased the risk of OBL using the original technique for flap creation. The cone modification technique was associated with lower risk of OBL formation, even in eyes with significant risk factors for OBL using the original technique.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(9):584–590.]
Examining Play Counts and Measurements of Injury Incidence in Youth Football
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y. , Yeargin Susan W. , Djoko Aristarque , Dalton Sara L. , Baker Melissa M. , Dompier Thomas P. 
Published: September 2017

Context: Whereas researchers have provided estimates for the number of head impacts sustained within a youth football season, less is known about the number of plays across which such impact exposure occurs.Objective: To estimate the number of plays in which youth football players participated during the 2013 season and to estimate injury incidence through play-based injury rates.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.Setting: Youth football.Patients or Other Participants: Youth football players (N = 2098; age range, 5−15 years) from 105 teams in 12 recreational leagues across 6 states.Main Outcome Measure(s): We calculated the average number of athlete-plays per season and per game using independent-samples t tests to compare age groups (5–10 years old versus 11–15 years old) and squad sizes (&lt;20 versus ≥20 players); game injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) and per 10 000 athlete-plays; and injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to compare age groups.Results: On average, youth football players participated in 333.9 ± 178.5 plays per season and 43.9 ± 24.0 plays per game. Age groups (5- to 10-year-olds versus 11- to 15-year-olds) did not differ in the average number of plays per season (335.8 versus 332.3, respectively; t2086.4 = 0.45, P = .65) or per game (44.1 versus 43.7, respectively; t2092.3 = 0.38, P = .71). However, players from smaller teams participated in more plays per season (373.7 versus 308.0; t1611.4 = 8.15, P &lt; .001) and per game (47.7 versus 41.4; t1523.5 = 5.67, P &lt; .001). Older players had a greater game injury rate than younger players when injury rates were calculated per 1000 AEs (23.03 versus 17.86/1000 AEs; IRR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.60) or per 10 000 athlete-plays (5.30 versus 4.18/10 000 athlete-plays; IRR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.57).Conclusions: A larger squad size was associated with a lower average number of plays per season and per game. Increasing youth football squad sizes may help reduce head-impact exposure for individual players. The AE-based injury rates yielded effect estimates similar to those of play-based injury rates.
Phonologically based assessment and intervention in Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A case analysis
Authors: Crary Michael A. , Comeau Suzanne 
Published: September 2017

The articulation errors of one adult subject demonstrating a spastic variety of congenital cerebral palsy were evaluated via a phonological process analysis. This analysis indicated that a stopping process (replacement of fricatives with homorganic stops) was the most detrimental to the subject's, intelligibility. Subsequent to this analysis a phonemic contrasting programme was initiated toward the goal of minimizing the influence of the stopping process. Results of spontaneous speech sample analyses indicated that this approach was successful in increasing the percentage of correctly produced fricative patterns. Success in this case suggests the applicability of a linguistically based intervention approach in structural/functional disturbances of speech articulation.
The acquisition of some dimensional adjectives by both normal and language-impaired children
Authors: Wright Susan G. 
Published: September 2017

The main aim of this study was to assess various predictions made by H. and E. Clark with respect to the acquisition of certain dimensional adjectives. In addition, the performance of children with impaired language skills was compared with that of children with normally developing language. Eighteen subjects in the age range 3,3 to 4 years were divided into two groups; those with adequate language (C group) and those with impaired language (E group). The dimensional adjective pairs of "length", "tallness" and "width" were investigated on comprehension tasks of increasing dimensionality. A qualitative analysis of the data, for both C and Ε groups, revealed findings supporting the predictions concerning the order of dimensional adjective acquisition in terms of semantic complexity, the acquisition of the unmarked pair member before the marked member, and the acquisition of the concept of polarity before dimensionality. A quantitative analysis of the data revealed significant differences between the C and Ε groups on a few tasks only. Implications for the researcher and speech therapist are considered.
Degrees of Regular Sequences With a Symmetric Group Action
Authors: Galetto Federico , Geramita Anthony Vito , Wehlau David Louis 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe consider ideals in a polynomial ring that are generated by regular sequences of homogeneous polynomials and are stable under the action of the symmetric group permuting the variables. In previous work, we determined the possible isomorphism types for these ideals. Following up on that work, we now analyze the possible degrees of the elements in such regular sequences. For each case of our classification, we provide some criteria guaranteeing the existence of regular sequences in certain degrees.
Efficient Preconditioner and Iterative Method for Large Complex Symmetric Linear Algebraic Systems
Authors: Liao Li Dan , Zhang Guo Feng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe discuss an efficient preconditioner and iterative numerical method to solve large complex linear algebraic systems of the form (W + iT)u = c, where W and T are symmetric matrices, and at least one of them is nonsingular. When the real part W is dominantly stronger or weaker than the imaginary part T, we propose a block multiplicative (BM) preconditioner or its variant (VBM), respectively. The BM and VBM preconditioned iteration methods are shown to be parameter-free, in terms of eigenvalue distributions of the preconditioned matrix. Furthermore, when the relationship between W and T is obscure, we propose a new preconditioned BM method (PBM) to overcome this difficulty. Both convergent properties of these new iteration methods and spectral properties of the corresponding preconditioned matrices are discussed. The optimal value of iteration parameter for the PBM method is determined. Numerical experiments involving the Helmholtz equation and some other applications show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed preconditioners and corresponding iterative methods.
A genetically inducible porcine model of intestinal cancer
Authors: Callesen Morten M. , Árnadóttir Sigrid S. , Lyskjær Iben , Ørntoft Mai‐Britt W. , Høyer Søren , Dagnæs‐Hansen Frederik , Liu Ying , Li Rong , Callesen Henrik , Rasmussen Mads H. , Berthelsen Martin F. , Thomsen Martin K. , Schweiger Pawel J. , Jensen Kim B. , Laurberg Søren , Ørntoft Torben F. , Elverløv‐Jakobsen Jannik E. , Andersen Claus L. 
Published: September 2017

Transgenic porcine cancer models bring novel possibilities for research. Their physical similarities with humans enable the use of surgical procedures and treatment approaches used for patients, which facilitates clinical translation. Here, we aimed to develop an inducible oncopig model of intestinal cancer. Transgenic (TG) minipigs were generated using somatic cell nuclear transfer by handmade cloning. The pigs encode two TG cassettes: (a) an Flp recombinase‐inducible oncogene cassette containing KRAS‐G12D, cMYC, SV40LT – which inhibits p53 – and pRB and (b) a 4‐hydroxytamoxifen (4‐OHT)‐inducible Flp recombinase activator cassette controlled by the intestinal epithelium‐specific villin promoter. Thirteen viable transgenic minipigs were born. The ability of 4‐OHT to activate the oncogene cassette was confirmed in vitro in TG colonic organoids and ex vivo in tissue biopsies obtained by colonoscopy. In order to provide proof of principle that the oncogene cassette could also successfully be activated in vivo, three pigs were perorally treated with 400 mg tamoxifen for 2 × 5 days. After two months, one pig developed a duodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma with a lymph node metastasis. Molecular analysis of the carcinoma and metastasis confirmed activation of the oncogene cassette. No tumor formation was observed in untreated TG pigs or in the remaining two treated pigs. The latter indicates that tamoxifen delivery can probably be improved. In summary, we have generated a novel inducible oncopig model of intestinal cancer, which has the ability to form metastatic disease already two months after induction. The model may be helpful in bridging the gap between basic research and clinical usage. It opens new venues for longitudinal studies of tumor development and evolution, for preclinical assessment of new anticancer regimens, for pharmacology and toxicology assessments, as well as for studies into biological mechanisms of tumor formation and metastasis.
Temperature Covariance in Tree Ring Reconstructions and Model Simulations Over the Past Millennium
Authors: Hartl‐Meier C. T. M. , Büntgen U. , Smerdon J. E. , Zorita E. , Krusic P. J. , Ljungqvist F. C. , Schneider L. , Esper J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSpatial covariance in the simulated temperature evolution over the past millennium has been reported to exceed that of multiproxy‐based reconstructions. Here we use tree ring‐based temperature reconstructions and state‐of‐the‐art climate model simulations to assess temporal changes in Northern Hemisphere intercontinental temperature covariance during the last 1000 years. Tree ring‐only approaches reveal stronger agreement with model simulations compared to multiproxy networks. Although simulated temperatures exhibit a substantial spread among individual models, intercontinental temperature coherency is mainly driven by the cooling of large volcanic eruptions in 1257, 1452, 1600, and 1815 Common Era. The coherence of these synchronizing events appears to be elevated in several climate simulations relative to their own unforced covariance baselines and in comparison to the proxy reconstructions. This suggests that some models likely overestimate the amplitude of abrupt summer cooling in response to volcanic eruptions, particularly at larger spatial scales.