bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of assisted procedures for arteriovenous fistula maturation without compromising access patency
Authors: Park Hoon Suk , Lee Youn Hee , Kim Hyung Wook , Baik Jun Hyun , Won Yong Sung , Park Cheol Whee , Kim Young Ok , Yang Chul Woo , Jin Dong Chan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroduction: To increase the rate of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) use, assisted procedures for immature AVF have been strenuously performed. However, this is controversial in that an AVF matured by these assisted procedures may require more frequent intervention to maintain its patency, and have decreased long‐term patency.Methods: Eighty four AVFs that were matured with assisted maturation procedures and 266 AVFs that matured spontaneously without intervention, created between November 2009 and March 2013 from the hemodialysis (HD) vascular access (VA) cohort, were compared retrospectively and we also investigated the factors that may influence AVF long‐term patency. Median follow‐up was 26.8 months (interquartile range, 6.6–45.0 months).Findings: Access survival did not differ between AVFs matured by assisted procedures and spontaneously mature AVFs (P = 0.29). In multivariate Cox regression analysis of AVF survival, age (HR, 1.029; 95% CI, 1.004–1.056; P = 0.024), maturation without assisted procedures 4–6 weeks after AVF creation (HR, 0.233; 95% CI, 0.107–0.506; P < 0.001), and AVF thrombosis (HR, 26.511; 95% CI, 10.986–63.978; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with AVF survival. Performance of assisted procedures to induce AVF maturation did not influence AVF survival (HR, 0.437; 95% CI, 0.191–1.002; P = 0.05).Discussion: Our results support that idea that assisted maturation procedures can ensure the success of immature AVF without compromising long‐term patency. These procedures can be considered more positively for increasing AVF use for VA placement in HD patients.
Long‐term effects of perinatal exposure to low doses of cadmium on the prostate of adult male rats
Authors: Santana Viviane P. , Salles Évila S. , Correa Deborah E. , Gonçalves Bianca F. , Campos Silvana G. , Justulin Luiz A. , Godinho Antonio F. , Scarano Wellerson R. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryDevelopmental toxicity caused by environmental exposure to heavy metals during the perinatal period has raised questions about offspring health. Cadmium (Cd) is an endocrine‐disrupting chemical with the potential to interfere with morphogenesis and susceptibility to diseases in reproductive organs. Taking into account that in the rat prostate morphogenesis occurs during the perinatal period, and that pregnant females absorb and retain more dietary Cd than their non‐pregnant counterparts, it is important to understand the effects of perinatal Cd exposure on the adult rat prostate. Therefore this study investigated the effects of gestational and lactational Cd exposure on adult offspring rat prostate histopathology. Pregnant rats (n = 20) were divided into two groups: Control (treated with aqueous solution of sodium acetate 10 mg/l) and treated (treated with aqueous solution of cadmium acetate 10 mg/l) administered in the drinking water. After weaning, male offspring from different litters (n = 10) received food and water ‘ad libitum’. The animals were euthanized at postnatal day 90 (PND90), the ventral prostates (VPs) were removed, weighed and examined histopathologically. Blood was collected for the measurement of testosterone (T) levels. Immunohistochemistry for androgen receptor (AR) and Ki67, and a TUNEL assay were performed. There were no differences in T levels, cell proliferation and apoptosis indexes, or AR immunostaining between the experimental groups. Stromal inflammatory foci and multifocal inflammation increased significantly in the treated group. These changes were associated with inflammatory reactive epithelial atypia and stromal fibrillar rearrangement. In conclusion, VP was permanently affected by perinatal Cd exposition, with increased incidence of inflammatory disorders with ageing.
The Hermeneutics of Theological Interpretation: Holy Scripture, Biblical Scholarship and Historical Criticism
Authors: East Brad 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article seeks to clarify the disagreement between theological interpretation of Scripture and academic biblical scholarship that is governed by the historical‐critical method. First, it sets forth four basic convictions of theological interpretation, that is, presuppositions about the text's relationship to God and church that are crucial for fruitful Christian exegesis of the Bible. Second, it discusses the hermeneutical implications that follow, with particular reference to divine authorship and spiritual interpretation. Third, it criticizes the methodological assumptions and totalizing claims of historical criticism as ultimately inimical to the kind of scriptural reading practices necessary for the church's faith and theology.
Laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy in morbidly obese patients is not associated with worse short‐term outcomes
Authors: Pędziwiatr Michał , Major Piotr , Pisarska Magdalena , Natkaniec Michał , Godlewska Magdalena , Przęczek Krzysztof , Dworak Jadwiga , Dembiński Marcin , Zub‐Pokrowiecka Anna , Budzyński Andrzej 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of obesity and morbid obesity on short‐term outcomes after laparoscopic adrenalectomy.MethodsThe study included 520 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal tumor. The entire study group was divided depending on the body mass index: group 1 (normal weight), <25 kg/m2; group 2 (overweight), 25–30 kg/m2; and group 3 (obese) 30–40 kg/m2. Additionally, group 4 (morbidly obese) was distinguished. Study end‐points were: operative time, intraoperative blood loss, total length of hospital stay, morbidity rate and 30‐day readmission rate.ResultsThe mean operative times were 88.8, 94.7, 93.5, and 99.9 min in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively (P = 0.1444). Complications were comparable between groups (12.8% vs 8.8% vs 8.2% vs 11.5%, P = 0.5295). The mean intraoperative blood loss was 66.8 versus 78.3 versus 60.7 versus 92.4, P = 0.1399. There were no differences in conversion rate between groups.ConclusionsObesity has no influence on short‐term outcomes of laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy. This procedure is feasible regardless of the body mass index. Therefore, it can be offered to all patient groups including those morbidly obese individuals in whose case preoperative weight loss seems unnecessary.
Predictors of physical activity and barriers to exercise in nursing and medical students
Authors: Blake Holly , Stanulewicz Natalia , Mcgill Francesca 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimsTo investigate physical activity levels of nursing and medicine students, examine predictors of physical activity level and examine the most influential benefits and barriers to exercise.BackgroundHealthcare professionals have low levels of physical activity, which increases their health risk and may influence their health promotion practices with patients.DesignWe surveyed 361 nursing (n = 193) and medicine (n = 168) students studying at a UK medical school.MethodsQuestionnaire survey, active over 12 months in 2014–2015. Measures included physical activity level, benefits and barriers to exercise, social support, perceived stress and self‐efficacy for exercise.ResultsMany nursing and medicine students did not achieve recommended levels of physical activity (nursing 48%; medicine 38%). Perceived benefits of exercise were health related, with medicine students identifying additional benefits for stress relief. Most notable barriers to exercise were as follows: lack of time, facilities having inconvenient schedules and exercise not fitting around study or placement schedules. Nursing students were less active than medicine students; they perceived fewer benefits and more barriers to exercise and reported lower social support for exercise. Physical activity of nursing and medicine students was best predicted by self‐efficacy and social support, explaining 35% of the variance.ConclusionPhysical activity should be promoted in nursing and medicine students. Interventions should aim to build self‐efficacy for exercise and increase social support. Interventions should be developed that are targeted specifically to shift‐working frontline care staff, to reduce schedule‐related barriers to exercise and to increase accessibility to workplace health and well‐being initiatives.
Skin‐to‐skin contact for procedural pain in neonates: acceptability of novel systematic review synthesis methods and GRADEing of the evidence
Authors: Disher Timothy , Benoit Britney , Johnston Celeste , Campbell‐Yeo Marsha 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to assess the acceptability of methods that increase trial inclusion in meta‐analyses, and the level of evidence for skin‐to‐skin contact for procedural pain in infants.BackgroundThe current Cochrane review of skin‐to‐skin contact for pain in newborns found it to be an effective intervention, but identified several methodological limitations.DesignMeta‐re‐analysisMethodsTrial designs included randomized trials reporting a validated pain assessment tool as a primary outcome including term and pre‐term infants undergoing a tissue‐breaking painful procedure. The search in the original review was conducted to January 2013. Scores of validated tools were scaled to the premature infant pain profile in a fixed‐effect meta‐re‐analysis. The GRADE was used to assess quality of meta‐analysed evidence.ResultsNew analysis vs. original found a mean difference: −3·11 in favour of skin‐to‐skin contact vs. −3·21 at 30 seconds; and −2·71 vs. −1·85 at 60 seconds for heel lance. Based on cut‐off scores for the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale, infants receiving skin‐to‐skin contact during IM injection were more likely to display low pain after injection; and during recovery.ConclusionScaling scores to a single outcome can provide additional information in meta‐analyses, simplifies interpretability of pooled scores, and can improve GRADE outcomes. Sensitivity analyses of scaled scores improve confidence in their validity. Risk of bias subgroups simplified the GRADE process, and confidence intervals for heterogeneity statistics assisted in interpretation of sensitivity analyses.
Nurse leaders as managers of ethically sustainable caring cultures
Authors: Salmela Susanne , Koskinen Camilla , Eriksson Katie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to identify the distinctive foundations of the care culture and how nurse leaders (NL) can manage and strengthen these in a quest for ethically sustainable caring cultures.BackgroundSustainability presupposes an ethical leadership, a management of the good care and a well‐educated staff, but research on NLs as managers of ethically sustainable caring cultures is not available.DesignThe study has a quantitative design with elements of a qualitative research approach.MethodData were collected through a web‐based questionnaire sent to staff at eight selected units at a hospital in western Finland during September 2013; the reply rate was 32%. The data material was comprised of opinion questions, the ranking of values and two open‐ended questions on lodestars in care and ethical principles in care work.ResultsNLs manage a care culture that rests on a solid foundation, where staff are co‐creators of an ethically sustainable caring culture that includes good traditions for the praxis of care. NLs as managers are therefore responsible for realizing and passing on ethically sustainable caring cultures and creating prerequisites for staff's growth and development.ConclusionThe basis of good care, patient safety and sustainability is comprised of ethics with a respectful and dignified care that is evidence‐based and economically stable. Through their management NLs have a responsibility to nurture and protect the core of caring and create contextual, professional and cultural prerequisites to maintain the core and art of caring as well as care staff's ethical and professional competence.
Barriers and facilitators to healthy eating for nurses in the workplace: an integrative review
Authors: Nicholls Rachel , Perry Lin , Duffield Christine , Gallagher Robyn , Pierce Heather 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThe aim was to conduct an integrative systematic review to identify barriers and facilitators to healthy eating for working nurses.BackgroundThere is growing recognition of the influence of the workplace environment on the eating habits of the workforce, which in turn may contribute to increased overweight and obesity. Overweight and obesity exact enormous costs in terms of reduced well‐being, worker productivity and increased risk of non‐communicable diseases. The workplace is an ideal place to intervene and support healthy behaviours. This review aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to nurses’ healthy eating in the workplace.DesignIntegrative mixed method review.Data sourcesFive electronic databases were searched: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PROQUEST Health and Medicine, ScienceDirect and PsycINFO. Reference lists were searched. Included papers were published in English between 2000–2016. Of 26 included papers, 21 were qualitative and five quantitative.Review methodsAn integrative literature review was undertaken. Quality appraisal of included studies used standardized checklists. A social‐ecological framework was used to examine workplace facilitators and constraints to healthy eating, derived from the literature. Emergent themes were identified by thematic analysis.ResultsReview participants were Registered, Enrolled and/or Nurse Assistants primarily working in hospitals in middle or high income countries. The majority of studies reported barriers to healthy eating related to adverse work schedules, individual barriers, aspects of the physical workplace environment and social eating practices at work. Few facilitators were reported. Overall, studies found the workplace exerts a considerable negative influence on nurses’ dietary intake.ConclusionReorientation of the workplace to promote healthy eating among nurses is required.
Species‐occupancy distribution removes an excessive parameter from species‐area relationship
Authors: Gavish Yoni , Ziv Yaron 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimAlthough species‐occupancy distributions (SODs) and species‐area relationships (SARs) arise from the two marginal sums of the same presence/absence matrices, the two biodiversity patterns are usually explored independently. Here, we aim to unify the two patterns for isolate‐based data by constraining the SAR to conserve information from the SOD.LocationWidespread.MethodsFocusing on the power‐model SAR, we first developed a constrained form that conserved the total number of occupancies from the SOD. Next, we developed an additive‐constrained SAR that conserves the entire shape of the SOD within the power‐model SAR function, using a single parameter (the slope of the endemics‐area relationship). We then relate this additive‐constrained SAR to multiple‐sites similarity measures, based on a probabilistic view of Sørensen similarity. We extend the constrained and additive‐constrained SAR framework to 23 published SAR functions. We compare the fit of the original and constrained forms of 12 SAR functions using 154 published data sets, covering various spatial scales, taxa and systems.Main conclusionsIn all 23 SAR functions, the constrained form had one parameter less than the original form. In all 154 data sets the model with the highest weight based on the corrected Akaike's information criteria (wAICc) had a constrained form. The constrained form received higher wAICc than the original form in 98.79% of valid pairwise cases, approaching the wAICc expected under identical log‐likelihood. Our work suggests, both theoretically and empirically, that all SAR functions may have one unnecessary parameter, which can be excluded from the function without reduction in goodness‐of‐fit. The more parsimonious constrained forms are also easier to interpret as they reflect the probability of a randomly chosen occupancy to be found in an isolate. The additive‐constrained SARs accounts for two complimentary turn‐over components of occupancies: turnover between species and turnover between sites.
Advanced glycation end‐products are a risk for muscle weakness in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Mori Hiroyasu , Kuroda Akio , Araki Michiko , Suzuki Reiko , Taniguchi Satoshi , Tamaki Motoyuki , Akehi Yuko , Matsuhisa Munehide 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAccumulation of advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) is thought to contribute to muscle weakness in a diabetic animal model. Skin autofluorescence is a proposed marker for accumulation of AGEs in the skin. We aimed to investigate the relationship between AGEs accumulation, sarcopenia and muscle function of Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes. A total of 36 patients with type 1 diabetes participated in the present cross‐sectional study. Sarcopenia parameters (skeletal muscle mass index and knee extension strength) were compared with subcutaneous AGEs accumulation using skin autofluorescence. The prevalence of sarcopenia and impaired knee extension strength was 16.6% (men 0.0%, women 22.2%) and 47.2% (men 22.2%, women 55.6%), respectively. Knee extension strength was negatively correlated with skin autofluorescence (r² = 0.14, P < 0.05), but not with skeletal muscle mass index. In conclusion, the AGEs accumulation might be one of the reasons of impaired lower limb muscle function in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes.
Design, construction, and performance evaluation of a gari roaster
Authors: Sobowale Sunday Samuel , Adebiyi Janet Adeyinka , Adebo Oluwafemi Ayodeji 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTraditional roasting of cassava mash into gari continues to be an arduous and intricate unit operation for processors. It is highly labor intensive, tedious, unhygienic, and productivity is often too low to justify labor and investment time. The aim of this study was thus to design and fabricate a gari roaster and evaluate its performance. Cassava mash of different moisture contents (36.21, 39.44, and 43.27%) were roasted at different garifying temperatures (75, 85, and 95°C) and performance characteristics including, roasting time, percentage material loss, functional efficiency, throughput, and machine capacity were evaluated. Results obtained indicated that roasting cassava mash of 39.44% at 85°C yielded the best roasting conditions, as it had the least material loss of 7.8%, best throughput capacity and functional efficiency of 34.66 kg/hr and 92.20%, respectively. The fabricated gari roaster does not require skilled labor and can effectively address the challenges associated with gari roasting.Practical ApplicationThe fabricated roaster is relevant to the roasting of cassava mash to produce gari. This will practically address the impending challenges associated with gari roasting especially in the rural areas. This roaster will further ensure production of quality gari to its teeming consumers, thereby contributing to food security.
Development of high‐quality weaning food based on maize and chickpea by twin‐screw extrusion process for low‐income populations
Authors: Ali Salim , Singh Baljit , Sharma Savita 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study was carried out to produce high‐quality weaning food from locally available and low cost raw materials. Extrudates of maize (Zea mays) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) were processed by twin‐screw extruder. Experiments were designed using central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three‐independent variables [feed moisture (14–18%), screw speed (400–550 rpm), barrel temperature (125–175°C)] and five‐dependent variables [specific mechanical energy (SME), bulk density (BD), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), degree of gelatinization (DG)]. Increase in feed moisture reduced SME, WSI, and DG and increased BD and WAI. Increase in screw speed and barrel temperature decreased BD and WAI and increased WSI and DG of the extrudates. Optimum extrusion conditions were 14.13% feed moisture, 534 rpm screw speed, and 167°C barrel temperature. The ratio of ingredients in the optimized weaning mix was 40% maize‐chickpea extrudates, 35% skim milk powder, and 25% sugar (w/w). The nutrient content was in agreement with the standards described by PFA (prevention of food adulteration act and rules, India, 2004) with high protein and starch digestibility.Practical applicationsDevelopment of weaning foods from locally available and low cost raw materials is a constant challenge for developing countries. Weaning foods are generally produced by traditional techniques like milling, roasting, drying, and germination. In the present scenario of convenience and newer products, we explored the possibility of using twin‐screw extruder for preparation of weaning foods from maize and chickpea. Effects of feed moisture, barrel temperature, and screw speed on the quality parameters of extrudates were studied. Extrudates produced at lower feed moisture, higher screw speed, and higher barrel temperature showed good physicochemical properties and higher protein and starch digestibility.
Reduction of lauric acid in coconut copra by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: Process optimization and design of functional cookies using the lauric acid‐lean copra meal
Authors: Kumar Ghosh Probir , Bhattacharjee Paramita , Poddar‐Sarkar Mousumi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLauric acid, the principal saturated fat in coconut copra, was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) to obtain “lauric acid‐lean copra meal.” Fatty acid methyl ester gas chromatograph (FAME‐GC) analysis of oil recovered from copra meal by Soxhlet extraction, showed highest reduction in lauric acid (78.16%), post SC‐CO2 extraction of 20 g ground copra (particle size (dp) of 0.42 mm) at 50°C, 40 MPa and 55 min of extraction at a flow rate of 1 L/min of gaseous CO2. At these extraction conditions, the solubility of lauric acid in SC‐CO2 was found to be the highest. A correlated Chrastil equation was also developed for the determination of solubility of lauric acid in SC‐CO2 at different temperature–pressure regimes. Functional cookies designed with lauric acid‐lean copra meal as a replacement of butter, showed high sensory appeal, low oxidation and appreciable antioxidant potency.Practical applicationsCoconut copra although rich in antioxidants, has saturated fatty acids, which are of concern for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study reports on process engineering of coconut copra to reduce its lauric acid content, the principal saturated fatty acid, by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) extraction. Furthermore, a Chrastil equation has been developed for predicting the solubility of lauric acid at different temperature–pressure regimes of SC‐CO2 extraction, to obtain a lauric acid‐rich oil fraction. The data generated from this work could be employed for pilot plant and commercial scale extractions of lauric acid‐rich oil from coconut copra and other oilseed crops. This work has also exhibited a unique application of the lauric acid‐lean copra meal, post SC‐CO2 extraction. The copra meal has been successfully employed in designing functional antioxidant‐rich cookies, without compromising sensory attributes of popular butter cookies. This lauric acid‐lean copra meal is a potential new designer fat for confectionery industries.