bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INVESTMENT, IRREVERSIBILITY, AND UNCERTAINTY IN ENERGY BEET–BASED ETHANOL
Authors: HOSSISO KASSU WAMISHO , RIPPLINGER DAVID 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:This study evaluates optimal investment decision rules for an energy beet ethanol firm to exercise the option to invest, mothball, reactivate, and exit the ethanol market, considering uncertainty and volatility in the market price of ethanol, feedstock, and irreversible investment. A real options framework is used to compute gross margins of ethanol that trigger entry into and exit from the ethanol market. Results show that volatility in ethanol gross margins has much greater effects on exit and entry decisions than investment costs, and it also causes firms to wait longer before entering the ethanol market and, once active, to wait longer before exiting.
WELFARE ANALYSIS OF THE U.S.-MEXICAN TOMATO SUSPENSION AGREEMENT
Authors: KOSSE ELIJAH , DEVADOSS STEPHEN 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study develops a three-county trade model of the United States, Mexico, and Canada to analyze the effects of the 2013 Suspension Agreement on prices, production, consumption, trade flows, and welfare in each country. Although only the United States and Mexico are signatories to the agreement, Canada was also included because the U.S. minimum price distorts prices across the region. Three tomato categories—field, greenhouse, and cherry and grape—are studied because each has a distinct minimum price. The overall welfare effects are positive for Mexico and Canada, but negative for the United States.
Simulation and Web-based learning increases utilization of Bier block for
forearm fracture reduction in the pediatric emergency department
Authors: Burstein Brett , Fauteux-Lamarre Emmanuelle , Cheng Adam , Chalut Dominic , Bretholz Adam 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Bier block (BB) is a safe and effective alternative to procedural sedation
for analgesia during forearm fracture reductions, yet remains infrequently used
in the pediatric emergency department (PED). No standardized methods of BB
training have previously been described. The objective of this study was to
determine whether a multimodal instructional course increases comfort with BB
and translates to increased use of this technique.

Methods
A novel interdisciplinary simulation and Web-based training course was
developed to teach the use of BB for forearm fracture reduction at a tertiary
PED. Participants were surveyed pre-/post-training, and at 2 and 6 months
regarding their comfort with BB. In parallel, we prospectively assessed the
clinical use of BB for children ages 6 to 18 years requiring closed reduction
of forearm fractures during the 24-month post-course period.

Results
Course participation included 26 physicians and 12 nurses. Survey response
rate was 100%. Course participation increased both comfort (10% pre-training v.
89% post-training, p&lt;0.001) and the
willingness to use BB (51% pre-training v. 95% post-training,
p&lt;0.001), an effect sustained at 6 months
post-course (66% and 92%, respectively,
p&lt;0.001 for both). In clinical practice,
there were no BBs performed prior to course administration. We observed a
consistent and sustained increase in clinical use among the BB-trained
physicians, with 37% of all forearm reductions performed using BB at 24 months
post-course completion.

Conclusions
A novel combined simulation and Web-based training course increased
comfort and willingness to use BB and was associated with increased use of this
technique for forearm fracture reduction in the PED.
Hyperfamiliarity in Amnestic and Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Chia Pei Shi , Hameed Shahul , Yong Kok Pin , Chan Ling Ling , Ting Simon Kang Seng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjective:Hyperfamiliarity is a phenomenon where new stimuli are perceived as familiar. Previous studies have demonstrated familiarity disorder in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but mostly from the perspective of a neuropsychological approach, and the exact correlation of MCI aetiologies with the phenomenon remains uncertain. Based on current evidence suggesting a frontal-subcortical pathway contributing to familiarity processing, we hypothesize that individuals with a vascular aetiology of MCI will likely suffer more familiarity deficits. This study aims to examine the real-life hyperfamiliarity symptoms in amnestic versus vascular MCI.Methods:Informants of 11 amnestic and 9 vascular cognitive impairment patients were interviewed about the frequency of hyperfamiliarity symptoms in the previous month. MRI brain images of vascular cognitive impairment patients were analysed as well.Results:Patients with vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (VCIND) showed a significantly higher frequency of hyperfamiliarity for people but not places or objects. Within VCIND patients, overall basal ganglia hyperintensities, particularly in the putamen, were found to significantly correlate to hyperfamiliarity.Conclusions:Patients with VCIND suffer more real-life hyperfamiliarity during people recognition compared to patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), despite a comparative global decline in cognitive. This is likely due to impaired memory retrieval and matching processes resulting from subcortical ischaemic lesions.
Male, Pale, and Stale? Diversity in Lawyers’ Leadership
Authors: Semple Noel 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
When lawyers elect the leaders of their self-regulatory organizations, what sort of people do they vote for? How do the selection processes for elite lawyer sub-groups affect the diversity and efficacy of those groups? This article quantitatively assesses the demographic and professional diversity of leadership in the Law Society of Upper Canada. After many years of underrepresentation, in 2015 visible minority members and women were elected in numbers proportionate to their shares of Ontario lawyers. Regression analysis suggests that being non-white was not a disadvantage in the 2015 election, and being female actually conferred an advantage in attracting lawyers’ votes. The diverse employment contexts of the province’s lawyers were also represented in the elected group. However, early-career lawyers were completely unrepresented. This is largely a consequence of electoral system design choices, and can be remedied through the implementation of career-stage constituencies. The Law Society’s “benchers” are more demographically diverse than other elite lawyer sub-groups, such as judges, and the open and transparent selection process may be part of the reason.
Assistive Technology and Older Adults in Disasters: Implications for Emergency Management
Authors: McSweeney-Feld Mary Helen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article identifies concepts, trends, and policy gaps in the availability and service delivery of assistive technology utilized by older adults in disasters, as well as implications for emergency management planning and shelter administration. Definitions of types of assistive technology, as well as views of older adults using technology as at-risk individuals for emergency management service provision, are provided. An overview of peer-reviewed articles and gray literature is conducted, focusing on publications from 2001 to the present in the United States. Analytical frameworks used by emergency management organizations as well as regulations such as the Americans with Disabilities Act and recent court decisions on emergency shelter accessibility in disasters are reviewed. Research on the use of assistive technology by older adults during disasters is a neglected issue. The current and potential benefits of defining standards for provision and use of assistive technology for older adults during disasters has received limited recognition in emergency management planning. Older adults with disabilities utilize assistive technology to maintain their independence and dignity, and communities as well as emergency services managers need to become more aware of the needs and preferences of these older adults in their planning processes and drills as well as in service delivery during actual events. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:135–139)
Screening Patients Undergoing Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty with Perioperative Urinalysis and the Effect of a Practice Change on Antimicrobial Use
Authors: Bailin Samuel , Noiseux Nicolas , Pottinger Jean M. , Johannsson Birgir , Haleem Ambar , Johnson Sarah , Herwaldt Loreen A. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVETo identify predictors of treatment for urinary tract infections (UTI) among patients undergoing total hip (THA) or knee (TKA) arthroplasties and to assess an intervention based on these predictors.DESIGNWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 200 consecutive patients undergoing THA/TKA between February 21, 2011, and June 30, 2011, to identify predictors of treatment for UTI and a prospective cohort study of 50 patients undergoing these procedures between May 21, 2012, and July 17, 2012, to assess the association of signs or symptoms and UTI treatment. We then conducted a before-and-after study to assess whether implementing an intervention affected the frequency of treatment for UTI before or after THA/TKA.SETTINGThe orthopedics department of a university health center.PATIENTSPatients undergoing THA or TKA.INTERVENTIONSurgeons revised their UTI screening and treatment practices.RESULTSPositive leukocyte esterase (P<.0001;P<.0001) and urine white blood cell count>5 (P=.01;P=.01) were associated with preoperative or postoperative UTI treatment. In the prospective study, 12 patients (24%) had signs and symptoms consistent with UTI. The number of patients treated for presumed UTI decreased 80.2% after the surgeons changed their practices, and surgical site infection (SSI) rates, including prosthetic joint infections (PJIs), did not increase.CONCLUSIONSUrine leukocyte esterase and white blood cell count were the strongest predictors of treatment for UTI before or after THA/TKA. The intervention was associated with a significant decrease in treatment for UTI, and SSI/PJI rates did not increase.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:281–286
The effect of language mode on motion event descriptions in German–French bilinguals
Authors: BERTHELE RAPHAEL , STOCKER LADINA 
Published: November 2016

abstractWhen describing motion in space, speakers of French and German are known to show different preferences. In French, the verb typically encodes the path, whereas in German the manner in which the figure moves is mapped onto the verb. In this paper, this difference between the two languages is investigated, drawing on the data produced by forty participants. All participants are multilinguals, with German and French as their two strongest languages. They described fifty video clips in two sessions, once in monolingual and once in bilingual mode. The critical stimuli were always described in German in both language modes, the fillers in German in monolingual mode but in French in bilingual mode. The analyses of the manner and path verb uses show that, in a bilingual mode, speakers significantly converge towards the French model, that is, they reduce the preference for manner verbs and increase the proportion of path verbs.
Age and correlation of the transgressiveGonioclymeniaLimestone (Famennian, Tafilalt, eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco)
Authors: HARTENFELS SVEN , BECKER RALPH THOMAS 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe widely quarried and commercially exploitedGonioclymeniaLimestone of the western and southern Tafilalt Platform (Anti-Atlas, SE Morocco) represents a transgressive but strongly condensed and shallowing upwards unit that overlies conformably or unconformably Famennian to Lower Devonian deposits. It is characterized by abundant, giant-sizedGonioclymenia speciosa, which characterizes the Famennian V-B, and rareLeviclymenia ramulasp. nov. Associated conodont faunas fall in theBispathodus costatusSubzone of theB. aculeatus aculeatus(= Middleexpansa) Zone. A rare outcrop at Jebel Ihrs West proved thatKalloclymeniaand conodont faunas of theB. ultimus ultimus(= Upperexpansa) Zone occur in a separate, overlying unit of the lower part of Famennian VI. Consequently, joint occurrences ofGonioclymeniaandKalloclymeniaon large limestone slabs that are on offer in rock shops are artificial assemblages; there is no evidence for a regional co-occurrence of both genera. This is supported by correlation into thicker sections of the adjacent Maider and Tafilalt Basins. The TafilaltGonioclymeniaTransgression may represent the regional expression of a eustatic pulse in theB. costatusSubzone that is known on the Ardennes Shelf as the transgressive Epinette Event. The conodont faunas yieldedNeopolygnathus fibulasp. nov.,Pseudopolygnathus primus tafilensisssp. nov., new morphotypes ofB. spinulicostatusandPseudopolygnathus primus primus, the oldestSiphonodella (Eosiphonodella)and variable ‘siphonodelloids’ that are currently left in open nomenclature.
Consumption of nutritional pellets with Duddingtonia flagrans fungal chlamydospores reduces infective nematode larvae of Haemonchus contortus in faeces of Saint Croix lambs
Authors: Aguilar-Marcelino L. , Mendoza-de-Gives P. , Torres-Hernández G. , López-Arellano M.E. , Becerril-Pérez C.M. , Orihuela-Trujillo A. , Torres-Acosta J.F.J. , Olmedo-Juárez A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo groups of six Haemonchus contortus infected Saint Croix lambs each received different diets for 11 weeks: control group, commercial food, molasses and lucerne hay; and treated group, nutritional pellets (NPs) containing Duddingtonia flagrans at 2 × 106 chlamydospores/kg body weight (BW), sorghum and lucerne hay. Mean BW gain (BWG), body condition score (BCS) and packed cell volume (PCV) and also eggs/g of faeces (EPG) and recovered L3 were compared using a repeated measures across time model. Groups had similar BWG (control 139.7 ± 0.035 g/day and treated 167.7 ± 0.041 g/day), BCS (control 3.6 ± 0.39 and treated 3.4 ± 0.46) and PCV (control 32.5 ± 1.68% and treated 30.0 ± 1.68%). The mean EPG of the control group was 1215 ± 1040 and in the treated group it was 2097.91 ± 2050. No reduction in larval population was observed during weeks 2 and 3. The greatest larval population reduction in the faeces of treated lambs was observed during the first week (70.5%) and from weeks 6 to 11, with a mean value close to 70% (P < 0.05). In general, both experimental groups showed a similar feed conversion. It was concluded that both diets resulted in similar lamb growth, PCV, BCS and H. contortus EPG. However, NP consumption significantly reduced the H. contortus L3 population in lamb faeces.
Effect of inoculum age and physical parameters onin vitroculture of the entomopathogenic nematodeSteinernema feltiae
Authors: Leite L.G. , Shapiro-Ilan D.I. , Hazir S. , Jackson M.A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae have a symbiotic association with bacteria which makes them virulent against insects. EPNs have been mass produced usingin vivoandin vitromethods, including both solid and liquid fermentation. This study assessed the effect of nematode inoculum age on the production ofSteinernema feltiaein liquid, solid and biphasic processes. Several physical parameters were also assessed: the effect of medium viscosity, flask size and aeration speed on the recovery and yield of infective juveniles (IJs). Inoculum age treatments included inoculum liquid cultures that were 7, 14, 21 and 28 days old. Nematodes from the same inoculum were added to one liquid medium (liquid culture), one solid medium with bacteria previously grown in sponge (solid culture) and a variation of the solid medium (a biphasic culture), in which the bacteria were first grown in liquid and, then, soaked into the sponges, with the purpose of providing a more homogeneous bacterial culture before nematode inoculation. Experiments were conducted in Erlenmeyer flasks. Eight treatments were established involving combinations of three variables: two media (with and without 0.2% agar), two flask sizes (250 and 150 ml) and two agitation speeds (180 and 280 rpm). The study showed increases in nematode yield for liquid cultures, but not for solid or biphasic cultures, with the advance of the inoculum age up to 28 days of growth. Furthermore, the addition of 0.2% agar to the liquid medium and increasing the aeration rate by using larger flasks with higher agitation speed may increase nematode recovery and final yield. The experiments were conducted using shake flasks but the results may also be applicable for bioreactors.
Exploring DSM-5 ADHD criteria beyond young adulthood: phenomenology, psychometric properties and prevalence in a large three-decade birth cohort
Authors: Vitola E. S. , Bau C. H. D. , Salum G. A. , Horta B. L. , Quevedo L. , Barros F. C. , Pinheiro R. T. , Kieling C. , Rohde L. A. , Grevet E. H. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThere are still uncertainties on the psychometric validity of the DSM-5 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) criteria for its use in the adult population. We aim to describe the adult ADHD phenotype, to test the psychometric properties of the DSM-5 ADHD criteria, and to calculate the resulting prevalence in a population-based sample in their thirties.MethodA cross-sectional evaluation using the DSM-5 ADHD criteria was carried out in 3574 individuals from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Through receiver operator curve, latent and regression analyses, we obtained parameters on construct and discriminant validity. Still, prevalence rates were calculated for different sets of criteria.ResultsThe latent analysis suggested that the adult ADHD phenotype is constituted mainly by inattentive symptoms. Also, inattention symptoms were the symptoms most associated with impairment. The best cut-off for diagnosis was four symptoms, but sensitivity and specificity for this cut-off was low. ADHD prevalence rates were 2.1% for DSM-5 ADHD criteria and 5.8% for ADHD disregarding age-of-onset criterion.ConclusionsThe bi-dimensional ADHD structure proposed by the DSM demonstrated both construct and discriminant validity problems when used in the adult population, since inattention is a much more relevant feature in the adult phenotype. The use of the DSM-5 criteria results in a higher prevalence of ADHD when compared to those obtained by DSM-IV, and prevalence would increase almost threefold when considering current ADHD syndrome. These findings suggest a need for further refinement of the criteria for its use in the adult population.
Aptitude and pedagogical conditions in the early development of a nonprimary language
Authors: LADO BEATRIZ 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe article summarizes results from a study investigating the role of aptitude on initial learning of Latin morphosyntax. The study includes two different computerized conditions: with or without metalinguistic information, provided during input-based practice with right/wrong feedback. Four aptitude measures were included: linguistic analytic ability, rote memory, working memory, and phonological short-term memory. The results revealed that linguistic analytic ability gave learners an advantage under the metalinguistic information condition when processing sentences for meaning, although only working memory (and rote memory to a lesser extent) had a role in development of grammatical sensitivity to the form. In contrast, except rote memory in immediate aural interpretation, none of the aptitude measures predicted learning under the nonmetalinguistic information condition.
Military Corruption in China: The Role ofGuanxiin the Buying and Selling of Military Positions
Authors: Wang Peng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHow doesguanxifacilitate corrupt transactions? Utilizing fieldwork data and published materials, this paper investigates howguanxipractices distort the formal military promotion system and facilitate the buying and selling of military positions in the People's Liberation Army (PLA). It identifies the three key functions ofguanxiin facilitating corrupt transactions: communication, exchange and neutralization.Guanxienables effective and safe communication among corrupt military officers, holds transaction partners to their word, and neutralizes their guilt about committing corrupt acts.
Emotional insecurity about the community: A dynamic, within-person mediator of child adjustment in contexts of political violence
Authors: Cummings E. Mark , Merrilees Christine , Taylor Laura K. , Goeke-Morey Marcie , Shirlow Peter 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOver 1 billion children worldwide are exposed to political violence and armed conflict. The current conclusions are qualified by limited longitudinal research testing sophisticated process-oriented explanatory models for child adjustment outcomes. In this study, consistent with a developmental psychopathology perspective emphasizing the value of process-oriented longitudinal study of child adjustment in developmental and social–ecological contexts, we tested emotional insecurity about the community as a dynamic, within-person mediating process for relations between sectarian community violence and child adjustment. Specifically, this study explored children's emotional insecurity at a person-oriented level of analysis assessed over 5 consecutive years, with child gender examined as a moderator of indirect effects between sectarian community violence and child adjustment. In the context of a five-wave longitudinal research design, participants included 928 mother–child dyads in Belfast (453 boys, 475 girls) drawn from socially deprived, ethnically homogenous areas that had experienced political violence. Youth ranged in age from 10 to 20 years and were 13.24 (SD= 1.83) years old on average at the initial time point. Greater insecurity about the community measured over multiple time points mediated relations between sectarian community violence and youth's total adjustment problems. The pathway from sectarian community violence to emotional insecurity about the community was moderated by child gender, with relations to emotional insecurity about the community stronger for girls than for boys. The results suggest that ameliorating children's insecurity about community in contexts of political violence is an important goal toward improving adolescents' well-being and adjustment. These results are discussed in terms of their translational research implications, consistent with a developmental psychopathology model for the interface between basic and intervention research.