bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous CT fluoroscopy-guided core biopsy of pancreatic lesions: technical and clinical outcome of 104 procedures during a 10-year period
Authors: Strobl Frederik Franz , Schwarz Jens Benjamin , Haeussler Sophia Marie , Paprottka Philipp Marius , Rist Carsten , Thierfelder Kolja Martin , Boeck Stefan , Heinemann Volker , Reiser Maximilian Ferdinand , Trumm Christoph Gregor 
Published: November 2016

Background In unclear pancreatic lesions, a tissue sample can confirm or exclude the suspected diagnosis and help to provide an optimal treatment strategy to each patient. To date only one small study reported on the outcome of computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy-guided biopsies of the pancreas. Purpose To evaluate technical success and diagnostic rate of all CT fluoroscopy-guided core biopsies of the pancreas performed in a single university center during a 10-year period. Material and Methods In this retrospective study we included all patients who underwent a CT fluoroscopy-guided biopsy of a pancreatic mass at our comprehensive cancer center between 2005 and 2014. All interventions were performed under local anesthesia on a 16-row or 128-row CT scanner. Technical success and diagnostic rates as well as complications and effective patient radiation dose were analyzed. Results One hundred and one patients (54 women; mean age, 63.9 ± 12.6 years) underwent a total of 104 CT fluoroscopy-guided biopsies of the pancreas. Ninety-eight of 104 interventions (94.2%) could be performed with technical success and at least one tissue sample could be obtained. In 88 of these 98 samples, a definitive pathological diagnosis, consistent with clinical success could be achieved (89.8%). Overall 19 minor and three major complications occurred during the intra- or 30-day post-interventional period and all other interventions could be performed without complications; there was no death attributable to the intervention. Conclusion CT fluoroscopy-guided biopsy of pancreatic lesions is an effective procedure characterized by a low major complication and a high diagnostic rate.
Prevalence of congenital coronary artery anomalies as shown by multi-slice computed tomography coronary angiography: a single-centre study from Turkey
Authors: Tongut Aybala , Özyedek Zeki , Çerezci İsmail , Erentürk Selim , Hatemi Ali Can 
Published: November 2016

Objective Coronary artery anomaly (CAA) is a remarkable etiological factor for sudden cardiac death in young adults. The incidence of CAA is unknown, with most reliable data available based on postmortem/angiography investigations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of different forms of coronary anomalies, and to investigate the relationships between demographic data and occurrence of CAA. Methods A total of 2401 consecutive patients (1805 men; mean age, 56 ± 11.7 years), who were referred between January 2005 and December 2008 for noninvasive multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) imaging, were retrospectively analysed. Results A total of 225 cases (191 men; mean age, 55.9 ± 12) of CAAs were identified (9.37%). Because 11 patients had multiple muscular bridges of the coronary arteries, 236 coronary artery anomalies were found in these 225 patients. Cases were classified into three groups: group 1, coronary anomalies of origin and distribution (n = 36, 1.5%); group 2, anomalies of intrinsic coronary arterial anatomy (n = 180, 7.49%); and group 3, anomalies of coronary termination (n = 9, 0.4%). Conclusion The prevalence of CAA was 9.37% in our single-centre study, which is consistent with previous research. A minimally invasive tool, such as MSCT angiography, should be used to identify CAA.
5-HT3 receptor antagonists for the prevention of postoperative shivering: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Chengmao , Zhu Yu , Liu Zhen , Ruan Lin 
Published: November 2016

Objective We evaluated the efficacy of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for the prevention of postoperative shivering. Methods We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Knowledge to find randomized controlled trials (RCT) of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for the prevention of postoperative shivering. Two researchers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then conducted a meta-analysis using RevMan 5.2. Results Ultimately, 14 RCTs that included 980 patients were included in the analysis. We found that: 1) the incidence of shivering was significantly lower in 5-HT3 groups than placebo groups (relative risk, [RR] = 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40 – 0.58); 2) there was no significant difference in the incidence of shivering between 5-HT3 groups and meperidine groups (RR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.60 – 1.34). Conclusion 5-HT3 receptor antagonists appear to prevent postoperative shivering, with a broadly comparable efficacy to meperidine.
Range of motion of diabetic frozen shoulder recovers to the contralateral level
Authors: Vastamäki Heidi , Ristolainen Leena , Vastamäki Martti 
Published: November 2016

Objective To determine whether frozen shoulder heals equally well in patients with and without diabetes and whether dependency on insulin affects the outcome. Methods We retrospectively examined 178 patients with idiopathic frozen shoulder; 27 patients had diabetes. We evaluated range of motion, pain, and functional results. The mean follow-up was 9.7 years (SD, 7.1 years). Results In the presence of frozen shoulder, range of motion did not differ between patients with and without diabetes. At follow-up, range of motion in all directions of both the affected and unaffected shoulders of patients with diabetes was inferior to that of patients without diabetes. Among patients with diabetes, range of motion of the once-frozen shoulder reached the level of the unaffected shoulder. Patients with and without diabetes experienced similar pain except during exertion. The Constant–Murley score was not significantly different between the two groups, and insulin dependency did not lead to worse outcomes. Conclusion Frozen shoulder heals well in patients with diabetes.
Treatment for youth paraphilic disorders: opportunities to reduce harm
Authors: Kasinathan John 
Published: November 2016

Objective: To outline current understanding and recommended treatments for paraphilic or sexual deviant disorders in adolescents and youth. Method: An overview of the diagnosis, development and scope of paraphilic disorders. Evidence and an algorithm for pharmacological treatments in youth are outlined. Results: Paraphilic disorders are relatively common in adolescents and youth, with fantasies and urges preceding the onset of deviant behaviour by a handful of years. Research in youth is sparse, but the available evidence supports that paraphilic disorders respond favourably to psychological and pharmacological treatments. Conclusions: The detection of paraphilic disorders in adolescents and youth presents a window of opportunity, where treatment may be provided before deviant behaviour occurs, potentially reducing the future incidence of sexual abuse.
Surface contamination of hazardous drug pharmacy storage bins and pharmacy distributor shipping containers
Authors: Redic Kimberly A , Fang Kayleen , Christen Catherine , Chaffee Bruce W 
Published: November 2016

Purpose This study was conducted to determine whether there is contamination on exterior drug packaging using shipping totes from the distributor and carousel storage bins as surrogate markers of external packaging contamination. Methods A two-part study was conducted to measure the presence of 5-fluorouracil, ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, docetaxel and paclitaxel using surrogate markers for external drug packaging. In Part I, 10 drug distributor shipping totes designated for transport of hazardous drugs provided a snapshot view of contamination from regular use and transit in and out of the pharmacy. An additional two totes designated for transport of non-hazardous drugs served as controls. In Part II, old carousel storage bins (i.e. those in use pre-study) were wiped for snapshot view of hazardous drug contamination on storage bins. New carousel storage bins were then put into use for storage of the five tested drugs and used for routine storage and inventory maintenance activities. Carousel bins were wiped at time intervals 0, 8, 16 and 52 weeks to measure surface contamination. Results Two of the 10 hazardous shipping totes were contaminated. Three of the five-old carousel bins were contaminated with cyclophosphamide. One of the old carousel bins was also contaminated with ifosfamide. There were no detectable levels of hazardous drugs on any of the new storage bins at time 0, 8 or 16 weeks. However, at the Week 52, there was a detectable level of 5-FU present in the 5-FU carousel bin. Conclusions Contamination of the surrogate markers suggests that external packaging for hazardous drugs is contaminated, either during the manufacturing process or during routine chain of custody activities. These results demonstrate that occupational exposure may occur due to contamination from shipping totes and storage bins, and that handling practices including use of personal protective equipment is warranted.
Usefulness of an injectable anaesthetic protocol for semen collection through urethral catheterisation in domestic cats
Authors: Pisu Maria Carmela , Ponzio Patrizia , Rovella Chiara , Baravalle Michela , Veronesi Maria Cristina 
Published: November 2016

Objectives Although less often requested in comparison with dogs, the collection of semen in cats can be necessary for artificial insemination, for semen evaluation in tom cats used for breeding and for semen storage. Urethral catheterisation after pharmacological induction with medetomidine has proved to be useful for the collection of semen in domestic cats. However, most of the previously used protocols require the administration of high doses of medetomidine that can increase the risk of side effects, especially on the cardiovascular system. In routine clinical practice, one safe and useful injectable anaesthetic protocol for short-term clinical investigations or surgery in cats involves premedication with low intramuscular doses of dexmedetomidine with methadone, followed by intravenous propofol bolus injection. We aimed to assess the usefulness of this injectable anaesthetic protocol for semen collection, via urethral catheterisation, in domestic cats. Methods The study was performed on 38 purebred, adult cats, during the breeding season, and semen was collected via urethral catheterisation using an injectable anaesthesia protocol with methadone (0.2 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg) premedication, followed by induction with propofol. Results The anaesthetic protocol used in the present study allowed the collection of large-volume semen samples, characterised by good parameters and without side effects. Conclusions and relevance The results from the present study suggest that the injectable anaesthetic protocol using methadone and dexmedetomidine premedication, followed by induction with propofol, could be suitable and safe for the collection of a good-quality semen sample, via urethral catheterisation, in domestic cats. It can therefore be used as an alternative to previous medetomidine-based sedation protocols.
Real-World Efficacy of 1064-nm Nd:YAG Laser for the Treatment of Onychomycosis
Authors: Rivers Jason K. , Vestvik Brianne J. , Berkowitz Jonathan 
Published: November 2016

Background: Onychomycosis is a cosmetic and, at times, medical concern; therefore, effective and safe alternatives to treatment are needed. Objective: To determine the efficacy of a 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of onychomycosis in a real-world setting. Methods: A single-centre retrospective chart review was conducted between 2012 and 2013. One hundred consecutive patients with a culture- and/or potassium hydroxide–confirmed diagnosis of onychomycosis were treated at least twice. Baseline and follow-up photographs were taken, and the change in degree of clinical nail involvement of the subject’s great toenail was determined by a blinded reviewer using validated planimetry measurement. Results: A total of 199 hallux nails from 100 subjects were assessed. The mean infected area decreased from 53.2% at baseline to 50.8% at the end of the study (paired t test, P = .054; Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = .006). Degree of nail involvement was statistically significantly associated with amount of improvement; subjects who had the greatest degree of nail involvement improved the most, while those with less severe disease showed a worsening of nail appearance (Kruskal-Wallis test, P < .001). Three-quarters (72.6%) of nails that had more than 67% nail involvement showed statistically significant improvement (χ2 test, P = .001). Adverse events were limited to mild to moderate pain at the time of therapy. A total of 76 subjects were assessed for treatment satisfaction: 60% were very satisfied with treatment despite limited clinical improvement in some cases. Conclusions: Laser therapy has a very limited positive clinical effect on the appearance of onychomycosis after 2 treatment sessions.
The Medium-Term Effects of Treatment for Mild Aortic Recoarctation
Authors: Grøndahl Camilla , Pedersen Thais Almeida Lins , Hjortdal Vibeke Elisabeth 
Published: November 2016

Objective: To assess medium-term effects of treatment for mild to moderate recoarctation in an adult population. Design: We identified all patients who had coarctation repair between 1965 and 1985 in our institution. They were all (n = 156) invited to a thorough outpatient examination, which was accepted by 133. Eleven (median age 36 [28-53] years) were identified with isolated mild to moderate recoarctation and received reintervention. They comprise the patient population of the current study. We performed bicycle exercise testing, transthoracic echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and 24-hour blood pressure monitoring before and 14 to 29 months after reintervention. Results: Compared to the values before reintervention, 24-hour blood pressures were reduced, but only significantly so for nighttime values. On echocardiography, wall thickness was reduced (1.2 ± 0.3 vs 1.1 ± 0.2, P > .05), and maximum flow velocity in the distal aortic arch decreased (2.8 ± 0.5 m/s vs 2.1 ± 0.4 m/s, P < .05). The invasive coarctation gradient was significantly reduced (15 ± 7 mm Hg vs 5 ± 9 mm Hg, P < .05), and the diameter at the coarctation site was increased (11 ± 3 mm vs 15 ± 3 mm, P < .05). Maximum achieved workload increased (182 ± 51 W vs 205 ± 65 W, P < .05). Cardiac symptoms were overall reduced. Conclusion: Reintervention was overall beneficial in increasing exercise capacity and reducing symptoms in the medium term, but the effects on established myocardial hypertrophy and blood pressures were less profound. Larger studies are needed in order to establish the definite role of reintervention for patients with milder recoarctation.
Oligodendrocyte development in the embryonic tuberal hypothalamus and the influence of Ascl1
Authors: Marsters Candace M. , Rosin Jessica M. , Thornton Hayley F. , Aslanpour Shaghayegh , Klenin Natasha , Wilkinson Grey , Schuurmans Carol , Pittman Quentin J. , Kurrasch Deborah M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background
Although the vast majority of cells in our brains are glia, we are only beginning to understand programs governing their development, especially within the embryonic hypothalamus. In mice, gliogenesis is a protracted process that begins during embryonic stages and continues into the early postnatal period, with glial progenitors first producing oligodendrocyte precursor cells, which then differentiate into pro-oligodendrocytes, pro-myelinating oligodendrocytes, and finally, mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. The exact timing of the transition from neurogenesis to gliogenesis and the subsequent differentiation of glial lineages remains unknown for most of the Central Nervous System (CNS), and is especially true for the hypothalamus.

Methods
Here we used mouse embryonic brain samples to determine the onset of gliogenesis and expansion of glial populations in the tuberal hypothalamus using glial markers Sox9, Sox10, Olig2, PdgfRα, Aldh1L1, and MBP. We further employed Ascl1 and Neurog2 mutant mice to probe the influence of these proneural genes on developing embryonic gliogenic populations.

Results
Using marker analyses for glial precursors, we found that gliogenesis commences just prior to E13.5 in the tuberal hypothalamus, beginning with the detection of glioblast and oligodendrocyte precursor cell markers in a restricted domain adjacent to the third ventricle. Sox9+ and Olig2+ glioblasts are also observed in the mantle region from E13.5 onwards, many of which are Ki67+ proliferating cells, and peaks at E17.5. Using Ascl1 and Neurog2 mutant mice to investigate the influence of these bHLH transcription factors on the progression of gliogenesis in the tuberal hypothalamus, we found that the elimination of Ascl1 resulted in an increase in oligodendrocyte cells throughout the expansive period of oligodendrogenesis.

Conclusion
Our results are the first to define the timing of gliogenesis in the tuberal hypothalamus and indicate that Ascl1 is required to repress oligodendrocyte differentiation within this brain region.
Hepatitis C Virus E2 Protein Induces Upregulation of IL-8 Pathways and Production of Heat Shock Proteins in Human Thyroid Cells
Authors: Hammerstad Sara Salehi , Stefan Mihaela , Blackard Jason , Owen Randall P. , Lee Hanna J. , Concepcion Erlinda , Yi Zhengzi , Zhang Weijia , Tomer Yaron 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Context:
Thyroiditis is one of the most common extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. By binding to surface cell receptor CD81, HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 mediates entry of HCV into cells. Studies have shown that different viral proteins may individually induce host responses to infection. We hypothesized that HCV E2 protein binding to CD81 expressed on thyroid cells activates a cascade of inflammatory responses that can trigger autoimmune thyroiditis in susceptible individuals.

Setting:
Human thyroid cell lines ML-1 and human thyrocytes in primary cell culture were treated with HCV recombinant E2 protein. The expression of major proinflammatory cytokines was measured at the messenger RNA and protein levels. Next-generation transcriptome analysis was used to identify early changes in gene expression in thyroid cells induced by E2.

Results:
HCV envelope protein E2 induced strong inflammatory responses in human thyrocytes, resulting in production of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Furthermore, the E2 protein induced production of several heat shock proteins including HSP60, HSP70p12A, and HSP10, in human primary thyrocytes. In thyroid cell line ML-1, RNA sequencing identified upregulation of molecules involved in innate immune pathways with high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and increased expression of costimulatory molecules, specifically CD40, known to be a major thyroid autoimmunity gene.

Conclusion:
Our data support a key role for HCV envelope protein E2 in triggering thyroid autoimmunity through activation of cytokine pathways by bystander mechanisms.
Cardiotoxic Antiemetics Metoclopramide and Domperidone Block Cardiac Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
Authors: Stoetzer Carsten , Voelker Marc , Doll Thorben , Heineke Joerg , Wegner Florian , Leffler Andreas 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:Metoclopramide and domperidone are prokinetic and antiemetic substances often used in clinical practice. Although domperidone has a more favorable side effect profile and is considered the first-line agent, severe cardiac side effects were reported during the administration of both substances. Cardiac Na+channels are common targets of therapeutics inducing cardiotoxicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the differential cardiotoxicities of metoclopramide and domperidone correlate with the block of Na+channels.METHODS:Effects of metoclopramide and domperidone on the human α-subunit Nav1.5 expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and on Na+currents in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were investigated by means of whole-cell patch clamp recordings.RESULTS:Tonic block of resting Nav1.5 channels was more potent for domperidone (IC5085 ± 25 μM; 95% confidence interval [CI], 36–134) compared with metoclopramide (IC50458 ± 28 μM; 95% CI, 403–513). Both agents induced use-dependent block at 10 and 1 Hz, stabilized fast and slow inactivation, and delayed recovery from inactivation. However, metoclopramide induced considerably smaller effects compared with domperidone. Na+currents in rat cardiomyocytes displayed tonic and use-dependent block by both substances, and in this system, domperidone (IC50312 ± 15 μM; 95% CI, 22–602) and metoclopramide (IC50250 ± 30 μM; 95% CI, 191–309) induced a similar degree of tonic block.CONCLUSIONS:Our data demonstrate that the clinically relevant cardiotoxicity of domperidone and metoclopramide corresponds to a rather potent and local anesthetic-like inhibition of cardiac Na+channels including Nav1.5. These data suggest that Nav1.5 might be a hitherto unrecognized molecular mechanism of some cardiovascular side effects, for example, malignant arrhythmias of prokinetic and antiemetic agents.
Recovery of erectile function comparing autologous nerve grafts, unseeded conduits, Schwann cell seeded guidance tubes and GDNF-overexpressing Schwann cell grafts
Authors: May Florian , Buchner Alexander , Matiasek Kaspar , Schlenker Boris , Stief Christian , Weidner Norbert 
Published: November 2016

Dissection of the cavernous nerves during radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer eliminates spontaneous erections. Using the rat as an experimental model, we compared the regenerative capacity of autologous nerve grafts and Schwann cell seeded nerve guides.
After bilateral excision of cavernous nerve segments, cavernous nerves were reconstructed using unseeded silicon tubes (UT), nerve autografts (NA) and silicon tubes seeded with either Glial cell line-derived (GDNF)-overexpressing or green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Schwann cells (SCs) (16 study nerves per group). Control groups underwent either a sham operation or bilateral excision of cavernous nerve segments without repair.After 12 weeks erectile function was assessed by neurostimulation and intracavernous pressure (ICP) measurement. The reconstructed nerve segments were excised and histologically analyzed We demonstrated an intact erectile response upon neurostimulation in 25% (4/16) of autologous nerve grafts, in 50% (8/16) of unseeded tubes, in 75% (12/16) of the GFP and in 93.75% (15/16) of the GDNF group ICP was significantly increased comparing the GFP group with nerve autografts, unseeded conduits and negative controls (p&lt;0,005).
In conclusion, Schwann cell seeded scaffolds combined with neurotrophic factors are superior to unseeded tubes and autologous nerve grafts. They present a promising therapeutic approach for the repair of erectile nerve gaps.