bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wideband circularly polarised antenna based on tightly coupling effect
Authors: Yang Long , Zhang Zhi‐ya , Wu Dan , Fu Guang , Yan Zehong 
Published: February 2017

A new design of a circularly polarised antenna based on the tightly coupled mechanism is presented. The proposed antenna consists of four tightly coupled dipoles, four impedance transforming networks and a wideband feeding network. Owing to the strong mutual coupling between coupled dipole elements, the proposed antenna realises a wide operating bandwidth. A prototype is manufactured and measured to validate the method. The measured results indicate that the proposed design provides a 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 101% (1.7–5.2 GHz) and a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 77% (2.0–4.5 GHz). The design has a 3 dB gain bandwidth of 56% from 2.6 to 4.6 GHz with a peak gain of 10.4 dBic. Acceptable agreements can be obtained between the simulated and measured results.
Compact transmission‐type negative group delay circuit with low attenuation
Authors: Liu Gang , Xu Jinping 
Published: February 2017

A novel circuit is presented for the design of transmission‐type negative group delay circuit (NGDC) with low signal attenuation. By loading a lumped resistor at a specific point on the loose‐coupling microstrip (MS) resonator, a lossy coupled‐line resonator is proposed, the size of which is effectively reduced by employing an open radial patch. A cascaded two‐stage NGDC scheme is presented to realise an enhanced negative group delay (NGD) value and better reflection coefficients. The layout of the two‐stage NGDC is designed in an anti‐symmetrical back‐to‐back manner. To validate the performance of the proposed circuit scheme, a prototype of the two‐stage NGDC has been designed, the working bandwidth of which is 35 MHz with a centre frequency of 1.79 GHz. This circuit is fabricated on Rogers RO4350B substrate with a thickness of 20 mil. A measured maximum NGD of −7.7 ns and a corresponding signal attenuation of as low as 8.6 dB have been obtained. Reflection coefficients are better than −20 dB. This NGDC occupies a compact size of 0.3λg × 0.18λg, which is much smaller compared to the previously reported NGDCs with distributed elements.
Changes in smoking, drinking, overweight and physical inactivity in young Australian women 1996–2013
Authors: Powers Jennifer R. , Loxton Deborah , Anderson Amy E. , Dobson Annette J. , Mishra Gita D. , Hockey Richard , Brown Wendy J. 
Published: February 2017

Issue addressedSmoking, risky drinking, overweight and obesity, and physical inactivity are health‐risk factors (HRFs) that contribute significantly to morbidity worldwide. Several initiatives have been introduced over the past two decades to reduce these HRFs. This paper examines changes in the prevalence of HRFs in young women (aged 18–23 years) between 1996 and 2013, overall and within demographic groups.MethodsData from two cohorts of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, born in 1973–78 (n = 14 247) and 1989–95 (n = 17 012) were weighted to provide national estimates. Prevalence ratios were used to compare HRFs in 2013 relative to 1996.ResultsIn 1996, 32% were current smokers, 38% were risky drinkers, 22% were overweight or obese and 7% were physically inactive. In 2013, corresponding estimates were 19%, 35%, 33% and 6%. Between 1996 and 2013, overall smoking prevalence decreased, but remained over 43% among least educated women. Overweight and obesity increased in all demographic groups.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that only smoking, which has been the subject of changes in taxation, legislation and regulation, declined significantly, in all except the least educated women. In contrast, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, which has largely been addressed through awareness campaigns and voluntary actions by the food industry, increased markedly in all demographic sub‐groups.So what?The findings show that comprehensive health promotion interventions, such as those for tobacco control, are successful (but may still be ineffective among less educated women). In contrast the measures to control population weight gain among young women have been futile so far.
Microtrolling: an Economical Method to Nonlethally Sample and Tag Juvenile Pacific Salmon at Sea
Authors: Duguid William D. P. , Juanes Francis 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMortality of juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in their first marine year is hypothesized to be a primary driver of variable recruitment in a changing ocean. Much contemporary research focuses on diet, distribution, growth, and survival during this period; however, existing methods of capturing juvenile salmon at sea are expensive and may be limited by topography and tidal currents. We assessed the feasibility of using a small vessel and modified recreational fishing gear (microtrolling) to nonlethally capture, sample, and tag juvenile Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha during their first marine summer. Sampling was conducted in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, from August to October 2014. We captured 168 Chinook Salmon, 13 Coho Salmon O. kisutch, and 1 Chum Salmon O. keta in 72 h of active fishing; Chinook Salmon CPUE was greatest between 6 and 19 m and increased late in the afternoon and on the flood tide. To assess short‐term mortality related to capture, PIT tagging, and sampling, we maintained 66 microtroll‐captured Chinook Salmon (41 of which were PIT‐tagged) overnight in a net pen; only one mortality and one incidence of tag loss were observed. Microtrolling proved effective for systematically sampling juvenile Chinook Salmon across depths and habitats. Unlike alternative methods of sampling juvenile Pacific salmon (trawling and purse seining), the utility of microtrolling is likely limited to studies of Chinook Salmon and possibly Coho Salmon. The low cost of this method has potential to facilitate participation of frequently excluded stakeholders, including First Nations and community groups, in marine research on juvenile Pacific salmon.Received June 10, 2016; accepted November 1, 2016 Published online February 21, 2017
Texture modification of magnesium alloys during electropulse treatment
Authors: Zhang Ruikun , Li Xiaohui , Kuang Jie , Li Xiaopei , Tang Guoyi 
Published: February 2017

Differential speed rolling (DSR) at room temperature has been carried out on two Mg–1Gd and Mg–1Zn–1Gd rare-earth-containing magnesium alloys with different thickness reductions. The cold-rolled samples were selected to investigate the microstructure and texture evolution during the electropulse treatment (EPT). Both grain refinement and texture modification have been achieved for the three cold-rolled samples, which were accompanied by nucleation and nuclei growth during EPT. The recrystallisation process could be attributed to enhanced climb activity of dislocations by EPT, which produces not only a thermal effect but also an athermal effect. Compared with Mg–1Gd, Mg–1Zn–1Gd shows a smaller recrystallisation rate, which should be related to the solute segregation and could be one of the reasons for the texture modification of the alloy. This paper is part of a themed issue on Materials in External Fields.
fastER: a user-friendly tool for ultrafast and robust cell segmentation in large-scale microscopy
Authors: Hilsenbeck Oliver , Schwarzfischer Michael , Loeffler Dirk , Dimopoulos Sotiris , Hastreiter Simon , Marr Carsten , Theis Fabian J , Schroeder Timm 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Quantitative large-scale cell microscopy is widely used in biological and medical research. Such experiments produce huge amounts of image data and thus require automated analysis. However, automated detection of cell outlines (cell segmentation) is typically challenging due to, e.g. high cell densities, cell-to-cell variability and low signal-to-noise ratios.

Results
Here, we evaluate accuracy and speed of various state-of-the-art approaches for cell segmentation in light microscopy images using challenging real and synthetic image data. The results vary between datasets and show that the tested tools are either not robust enough or computationally expensive, thus limiting their application to large-scale experiments. We therefore developed fastER, a trainable tool that is orders of magnitude faster while producing state-of-the-art segmentation quality. It supports various cell types and image acquisition modalities, but is easy-to-use even for non-experts: it has no parameters and can be adapted to specific image sets by interactively labelling cells for training. As a proof of concept, we segment and count cells in over 200 000 brightfield images (1388 × 1040 pixels each) from a six day time-lapse microscopy experiment; identification of over 46 000 000 single cells requires only about two and a half hours on a desktop computer.

Availability and Implementation
C ++ code, binaries and data at https://www.bsse.ethz.ch/csd/software/faster.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cosmic particle colliders: simulations of self-interacting dark matter with anisotropic scattering
Authors: Robertson Andrew , Massey Richard , Eke Vincent 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe investigate how self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) with anisotropic scattering affects the evolution of isolated dark matter haloes as well as systems with two colliding haloes. For isolated haloes, we find that the evolution can be adequately captured by treating the scattering as isotropic, as long as the isotropic cross-section is appropriately matched to the underlying anisotropic model. We find that this matching should not be done using the momentum transfer cross-section, as has been done previously. Matching should instead be performed via a modified momentum transfer cross-section that takes into account that dark matter particles can be relabelled after they scatter, without altering the dynamics. However, using cross-sections that are matched to give the same behaviour in isolated haloes, we find that treating dark matter scattering as isotropic underpredicts the effects of anisotropic dark matter scattering when haloes collide. In particular, the DM-galaxy offset induced by SIDM in colliding galaxy clusters is larger when we simulate the underlying particle model, than if we use a matched isotropic model. On the other hand, well-motivated particle models with anisotropic scattering typically have cross-sections with a strong velocity dependence, and we discover a previously unrecognised effect that suppresses DM-galaxy offsets in colliding clusters making it hard for these systems to provide competitive constraints on such particle models.
Metasurface polarization splitter
Authors: Slovick Brian A. , Zhou You , Yu Zhi Gang , Kravchenko Ivan I. , Briggs Dayrl P. , Moitra Parikshit , Krishnamurthy Srini , Valentine Jason 
Published: February 2017

Polarization beam splitters, devices that separate the two orthogonal polarizations of light into different propagation directions, are among the most ubiquitous optical elements. However, traditionally polarization splitters rely on bulky optical materials, while emerging optoelectronic and photonic circuits require compact, chip-scale polarization splitters. Here, we show that a rectangular lattice of cylindrical silicon Mie resonators functions as a polarization splitter, efficiently reflecting one polarization while transmitting the other. We show that the polarization splitting arises from the anisotropic permittivity and permeability of the metasurface due to the twofold rotational symmetry of the rectangular unit cell. The high polarization efficiency, low loss and low profile make these metasurface polarization splitters ideally suited for monolithic integration with optoelectronic and photonic circuits.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘New horizons for nanophotonics’.
Do Candidate Genes Affect the Brain’s White Matter Microstructure? Large-Scale Evaluation of 6,165 Diffusion MRI Scans
Authors: Jahanshad Neda , Ganjgahi Habib , Bralten Janita , den Braber Anouk , Faskowitz Joshua , Knodt Annchen R , Lemaitre Hervé , Nir Talia M , Patel Binish , Richie Stuart , Sprooten Emma , Hoogman Martine , van Hulzen Kimm , Zavaliangos-Petropulu Artemis , Zwiers Marcel P , Almasy Laura , Bastin Mark E , Bernstein Matt A , Blangero John , Curran Joanne , Deary Ian J , de Zubicary Greig I , Duggirala Ravi , Fisher Simon E , Franke Barbara , Fox Peter , Goldman David , Haberg Asta K , Hariri Ahmad , Hong L Elliot , Huentelman Matt , Martin Nicholas G , Martinot Jean-Luc , McIntosh Andrew , McMahon Katie L , Medland Sarah E , Mitchell Braxton D , Muñoz Maniega Susana , Olvera Rene L , Oosterlaan Jaap , Peterson Charles , Royle Natalie , Saykin Andrew J , Schumann Gunter , Starr John , Stein Elliot A , Sussmann Jessika , Valdés Hernández Maria del C. , van’t Ent Dennis , Wardlaw Joanna M , Weiner Michael W , Williamson Douglas E , Winkler Anderson M , Wright Margaret J , Yang Yihong , Thompson Paul M , Glahn David C , Nichols Thomas E , Kochunov Peter 
Published: February 2017

Abstract:Susceptibility genes for psychiatric and neurological disorders - includingAPOE, BDNF, CLU,CNTNAP2, COMT, DISC1, DTNBP1, ErbB4, HFE, NRG1, NTKR3, andZNF804A- have been reported to affect white matter (WM) microstructure in the healthy human brain, as assessed through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). However, effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes explain only a small fraction of the overall variance and are challenging to detect reliably in single cohort studies. To date, few studies have evaluated the reproducibility of these results. As part of the ENIGMA-DTI consortium, we pooled regional fractional anisotropy (FA) measures for 6,165 subjects (CEU ancestry N=4,458) from 11 cohorts worldwide to evaluate effects of 15 candidate SNPs by examining their associations with WM microstructure. Additive association tests were conducted for each SNP. We used several meta-analytic and mega-analytic designs, and we evaluated regions of interest at multiple granularity levels. The ENIGMA-DTI protocol was able to detect single-cohort findings as originally reported. Even so, in this very large sample, no significant associations remained after multiple-testing correction for the 15 SNPs investigated. Suggestive associations (1.3×10-4< p < 0.05, uncorrected) were found forBDNF, COMT, andZNF804Ain specific tracts. Meta-and mega-analyses revealed similar findings. Regardless of the approach, the previously reported candidate SNPs did not show significant associations with WM microstructure in this largest genetic study of DTI to date; the negative findings are likely not due to insufficient power. Genome-wide studies, involving large-scale meta-analyses, may help to discover SNPs robustly influencing WM microstructure.
New insights on the pharmacogenomics of antidepressant response from the GENDEP and STAR*D studies: rare variant analysis and high-density imputation
Authors: Fabbri Chiara , Tansey Katherine E. , Perlis Roy H. , Hauser Joanna , Henigsberg Neven , Maier Wolfgang , Mors Ole , Placentino Anna , Rietschel Marcella , Souery Daniel , Breen Gerome , Curtis Charles , Sang-Hyuk Lee , Newhouse Stephen , Patel Hamel , Guipponi Michel , Perroud Nader , Bondolfi Guido , O’Donovan Micheal , Lewis Glyn , Biernacka Joanna M. , Weinshilboum Richard M. , Farmer Anne , Aitchison Katherine J. , Craig Ian , McGuffin Peter , Uher Rudolf , Lewis Cathryn M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have generally failed to identify polymorphisms associated with antidepressant response. Possible reasons include limited coverage of genetic variants that this study tried to address by exome genotyping and dense imputation.A meta-analysis of Genome-Based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression (GENDEP) and Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) studies was performed at SNP, gene and pathway level. Coverage of genetic variants was increased compared to previous studies by adding exome genotypes to previously available genome-wide data and using the Haplotype Reference Consortium panel for imputation. Standard quality control was applied. Phenotypes were symptom improvement and remission after 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment. NEWMEDS consortium samples and Pharmacogenomic Research Network Antidepressant Medication Pharmacogenomic Study (PGRN-AMPS) served for replication.7,062,950 SNPs were analysed in GENDEP (n=738) and STAR*D (n=1409). rs116692768 (p=1.80e-08,ITGA9(integrin alpha 9)) and rs76191705 (p=2.59e-08,NRXN3(neurexin 3)) were significantly associated with symptom improvement during citalopram/escitalopram treatment. At gene level, no consistent effect was found. At pathway level, the Gene Ontology terms GO:0005694 (chromosome) and GO:0044427 (chromosomal part) were associated with improvement (corrected p=0.007 and 0.045, respectively). The association between rs116692768 and symptom improvement was replicated in PGRN-AMPS (p=0.047), while rs76191705 was not. The two SNPs did not replicate in NEWMEDS.ITGA9codes for a membrane receptor for neurotrophins andNRXN3is a transmembrane neuronal adhesion receptor involved in synaptic differentiation. Despite their meaningful biological rationale for being involved in antidepressant effect, no convincing replication was achieved. Further studies may help in clarifying their role.
A fast and accurate algorithm to test for binary phenotypes and its application to PheWAS
Authors: Dey Rounak , Schmidt Ellen M. , Abecasis Goncalo R. , Lee Seunggeun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe availability of electronic health record (EHR)-based phenotypes allows for genome-wide association analyses in thousands of traits, and has great potential to identify novel genetic variants associated with clinical phenotypes. We can interpret the phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) result for a single genetic variant by observing its association across a landscape of phenotypes. Since PheWAS can test 1000s of binary phenotypes, and most of them have unbalanced (case:control = 1:10) or often extremely unbalanced (case:control = 1:600) case-control ratios, existing methods cannot provide an accurate and scalable way to test for associations. Here we propose a computationally fast score test-based method that estimates the distribution of the test statistic using the saddlepoint approximation. Our method is much faster than the state of the art Firth’s test (∼ 100 times). It can also adjust for covariates and control type I error rates even when the case-control ratio is extremely unbalanced. Through application to PheWAS data from the Michigan Genomics Initiative, we show that the proposed method can control type I error rates while replicating previously known association signals even for traits with a very small number of cases and a large number of controls.
Outer membrane lipid homeostasis via retrograde phospholipid transport inEscherichia coli
Authors: Shrivastava Rahul , Jiang Xiang’Er , Chng Shu-Sin 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBiogenesis of the outer membrane (OM) in Gram-negative bacteria, which is essential for viability, requires the coordinated transport and assembly of proteins and lipids, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and phospholipids (PLs), into the membrane. While pathways for LPS and OM protein assembly are well-studied, how PLs are transported to and from the OM is not clear. Mechanisms that ensure OM stability and homeostasis are also unknown. The trans-envelope Tol-Pal complex, whose physiological role has remained elusive, is important for OM stability. Here, we establish that the Tol-Pal complex is required for PL transport and OM lipid homeostasis inEscherichia coli. Cells lacking the complex exhibit defects in lipid asymmetry and accumulate excess phospholipids (PLs) in the OM. This imbalance in OM lipids is due to defective retrograde PL transport in the absence of a functional Tol-Pal complex. Thus, cells ensure the assembly of a stable OM by maintaining an excess flux of PLs to the OM only to return the surplus to the inner membrane. Our findings also provide insights into the mechanism by which the Tol-Pal complex may promote OM invagination during cell division.
Automated 3D Neuron Tracing with Precise Branch Erasing and Confidence Controlled Back-Tracking
Authors: Liu Siqi , Zhang Donghao , Song Yang , Peng Hanchuan , Cai Weidong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe automatic reconstruction of single neuron cells from microscopic images is essential to enabling large-scale data-driven investigations in neuron morphology research. However, few previous methods were able to generate satisfactory results automatically from 3D microscopic images without human intervention. In this study, we developed a new algorithm for automatic 3D neuron reconstruction. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is to iteratively track backwards from the potential neuronal termini to the soma centre. An online confidence score is computed to decide if a tracing iteration should be stopped and discarded from the final reconstruction. The performance improvements comparing to the previous methods are mainly introduced by a more accurate estimation of the traced area and the confidence controlled back-tracking algorithm. The proposed algorithm supports large-scale batch-processing by requiring only one hyper-parameter for background segmentation. We bench-tested the proposed algorithm on the images obtained from both the DIADEM challenge and the BigNeuron challenge. Our proposed algorithm achieved the state-of-the-art results.
Bird interactions with drones, from individuals to large colonies
Authors: Lyons Mitchell , Brandis Kate , Callaghan Corey , McCann Justin , Mills Charlotte , Ryall Sharon , Kingsford Richard 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDrones are rapidly becoming a key part of the toolkit for a range of scientific disciplines, as well as a range of management and commercial applications. This presents a number of challenges in context of how drone use might impact nearby wildlife. Interactions between birds and drones naturally come to mind, since they share the airspace. This paper details initial findings on the interactions between drones and birds for a range of waterbird, passerine and raptor species, across of a range of scientific applications and natural environments. The primary aims of this paper are to provide guidance for those planning or undertaking drone monitoring exercises, as well as provide direction for future research into safe and effective monitoring with drones. Our study sites we all located within Australia and spanned a range of arid, semi-arid, dunefield, floodplain, wetland, woodland, forest, coastal heath and urban environments. We particularly focus on behavioral changes towards drones during breeding season, interactions with raptors, and effects on nesting birds in large colonies – three areas yet to be explored in published literature. In over 70 hours of flight, there were no incidents with birds. Although some aggressive behavior was encountered from solitary breeding birds. Several large breeding bird colonies were surveyed, and included in our observations is monitoring and counting of nests in a colony of over 200,000 Straw-necked Ibis, the largest drone-based bird monitoring exercise to date. In addition to providing observations of interactions with specific bird species, we recommend procedures for flight planning, safe flying and avoidance. This paper also provides a basis for a number of critical and emerging areas of research into bird-drone interactions, most notably, territorial breeding birds, safety around large raptors, and the effect of drones on the behaviour of birds in large breeding colonies.