bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yoga reduces chronic low back pain
Authors: Bhatta Jalandhara , Tekur Padmini , Tikhe Sham Ganpat , Nagendra Hongasandra Ramarao 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Although yoga is an effective treatment for chronic low back pain (CLBP), little is known about the mechanisms responsible for its benefits.

Objective:
To study the effect of Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy (IAYT) on disability, depression, and pain in patients with CLBP.

Method:
Seven days intensive residential IAYT program in a single group pre-post study was conducted in a holistic health centre at Bengaluru, India. Thirty-five patients (22 females, 13 males) with CLBP were selected conveniently to undergo the IAYT program. The IAYT program was a combination of Asanas (physical postures), Pranayama (breathing practices), and meditation, apart from interactive sessions on the philosophical concepts of yoga. The modified Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Straight Leg Raising (SLR) Test were administered before and after the IAYT program.

Statistical Analysis:
The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 was used for statistical analysis. The Shapiro–Wilk test showed that the data was normally distributed. Paired samples t-test was used to compare the means.

Results:
The data analysis showed significant change (p< 0.001, in all cases) with 54.13% decrease in the RMDQ scores (t = 0.759), 36.46% increase in right (t = 0.887) and 36.04% (t = 0.884) in left SLR scores, and 71.47% decrease in BDI scores (t = 0.797).

Conclusion:
The present study suggests that 7-day intensive residential IAYT program reduces disability and depression and improves spinal mobility in patients with CLBP. Thus, yoga may play a vital role in the management of CLBP. Additional randomized control trials are needed before a strong recommendation can be made.
Visto en la calle. Un libro sobre escritura sin una sola palabra
Authors: Benavent María 
Published: December 2016

<p>Grafía Callada es un libro sobre el que no se puede realizar una lectura verbal. Solo permite una lectura gráfica. Esta acción intencionada de separar contenido y forma, ha convertido la estructura gráfica del libro en su argumento. Su autor, Pepe Gimeno, es uno de los principales diseñadores gráficos españoles. Su estudio, con sede en Godella, Valencia, ha diseñado algunas de las marcas más representativas del ideario nacional, desde el logotipo de Les Corts Valencianes, el rediseño de la identidad visual de Roca, los paneles de la EMT o la imagen gráfica de la Presidencia Española de la Unión Europea 2012.</p>
Música y cómic. Melodia Narrada
Authors: Giner Miguel Angel 
Published: December 2016

<p>Análisis de los valores expresivos que la música proporciona al autor en su proceso creativo, donde la experiencia personal se nutre de ese acompañamiento y delimita tanto la inspiración, la creatividad o la gestación del carácter de los personajes. Pero, sobre todo, de su influencia en el ritmo narrativo de algunas de las historias contadas por el autor en sus cómics.</p>
Deforestation in Amazonia impacts riverine carbon dynamics
Authors: Langerwisch Fanny , Walz Ariane , Rammig Anja , Tietjen Britta , Thonicke Kirsten , Cramer Wolfgang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Fluxes of organic and inorganic carbon within the Amazon basin are considerably controlled by annual flooding, which triggers the export of terrigenous organic material to the river and ultimately to the Atlantic Ocean. The amount of carbon imported to the river and the further conversion, transport and export of it depend on temperature, atmospheric CO2, terrestrial productivity and carbon storage, as well as discharge. Both terrestrial productivity and discharge are influenced by climate and land use change. The coupled LPJmL and RivCM model system (Langerwisch et al., 2016) has been applied to assess the combined impacts of climate and land use change on the Amazon riverine carbon dynamics. Vegetation dynamics (in LPJmL) as well as export and conversion of terrigenous carbon to and within the river (RivCM) are included. The model system has been applied for the years 1901 to 2099 under two deforestation scenarios and with climate forcing of three SRES emission scenarios, each for five climate models. We find that high deforestation (business-as-usual scenario) will strongly decrease (locally by up to 90 %) riverine particulate and dissolved organic carbon amount until the end of the current century. At the same time, increase in discharge leaves net carbon transport during the first decades of the century roughly unchanged only if a sufficient area is still forested. After 2050 the amount of transported carbon will decrease drastically. In contrast to that, increased temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration determine the amount of riverine inorganic carbon stored in the Amazon basin. Higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase riverine inorganic carbon amount by up to 20 % (SRES A2). The changes in riverine carbon fluxes have direct effects on carbon export, either to the atmosphere via outgassing or to the Atlantic Ocean via discharge. The outgassed carbon will increase slightly in the Amazon basin, but can be regionally reduced by up to 60 % due to deforestation. The discharge of organic carbon to the ocean will be reduced by about 40 % under the most severe deforestation and climate change scenario. These changes would have local and regional consequences on the carbon balance and habitat characteristics in the Amazon basin itself as well as in the adjacent Atlantic Ocean.
Evaluating the strength of the land–atmosphere moisture feedback in Earth system models using satellite observations
Authors: Levine Paul A. , Randerson James T. , Swenson Sean C. , Lawrence David M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The relationship between terrestrial water storage (TWS) and atmospheric processes has important implications for predictability of climatic extremes and projection of future climate change. In places where moisture availability limits evapotranspiration (ET), variability in TWS has the potential to influence surface energy fluxes and atmospheric conditions. Where atmospheric conditions, in turn, influence moisture availability, a full feedback loop exists. Here we developed a novel approach for measuring the strength of both components of this feedback loop, i.e., the forcing of the atmosphere by variability in TWS and the response of TWS to atmospheric variability, using satellite observations of TWS, precipitation, solar radiation, and vapor pressure deficit during 2002–2014. Our approach defines metrics to quantify the relationship between TWS anomalies and climate globally on a seasonal to interannual timescale. Metrics derived from the satellite data were used to evaluate the strength of the feedback loop in 38 members of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble (LENS) and in six models that contributed simulations to phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). We found that both forcing and response limbs of the feedback loop in LENS were stronger than in the satellite observations in tropical and temperate regions. Feedbacks in the selected CMIP5 models were not as strong as those found in LENS, but were still generally stronger than those estimated from the satellite measurements. Consistent with previous studies conducted across different spatial and temporal scales, our analysis suggests that models may overestimate the strength of the feedbacks between the land surface and the atmosphere. We describe several possible mechanisms that may contribute to this bias, and discuss pathways through which models may overestimate ET or overestimate the sensitivity of ET to TWS.
Tsunami arrival time detection system applicable to discontinuous time series data with outliers
Authors: Lee Jun-Whan , Park Sun-Cheon , Lee Duk Kee , Lee Jong Ho 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Timely detection of tsunamis with water level records is a critical but logistically challenging task because of outliers and gaps. Since tsunami detection algorithms require several hours of past data, outliers could cause false alarms, and gaps can stop the tsunami detection algorithm even after the recording is restarted. In order to avoid such false alarms and time delays, we propose the Tsunami Arrival time Detection System (TADS), which can be applied to discontinuous time series data with outliers. TADS consists of three algorithms, outlier removal, gap filling, and tsunami detection, which are designed to update whenever new data are acquired. After calibrating the thresholds and parameters for the Ulleung-do surge gauge located in the East Sea (Sea of Japan), Korea, the performance of TADS was discussed based on a 1-year dataset with historical tsunamis and synthetic tsunamis. The results show that the overall performance of TADS is effective in detecting a tsunami signal superimposed on both outliers and gaps.
Comments on Paul Katsafanas's Agency and the Foundations of Ethics: Nietzschean Constitutivism
Authors: Reginster Bernard 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
In the article, I raise two issues for Katsafanas's “Nietzschean constitutivism.” First, I question the claim that constitutivism is the best way to make sense of an assortment of metaethical views Nietzsche advocates; in the process, I also question the claim that “Nietzschean constitutivism” is actually a form of constitutivism. Second, I challenge the claim that power may plausibly be understood as a “constitutive aim” of action.
Response to Bernard Reginster, Jorah Dannenberg, and Andrew Huddleston
Authors: Katsafanas Paul 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
This is a response to Bernard Reginster's, Jorah Dannenberg's, and Andrew Huddleston's comments published in the Journal of Nietzsche Studies 47.3, on Agency and the Foundations of Ethics. I address the main points raised in their critiques: Dannenberg's concerns about whether I have adequately characterized nihilism and his argument that Nietzschean constitutivism would be of no help to the nihilist; Reginster's argument that constitutivism offers no interpretive advantage over internalism and subjectivism, his contention that it is a mistake to see all drives as aiming at expression, and his arguments against my claim that all actions aim at power; and Huddleston's critiques of the will to power thesis and objections to the constitutivist project. I argue that these objections and concerns can be answered.
Proposed model to study the economic impact of bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis: Case study of Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
Authors: Homem Valéria Stacchini Ferreira , Higa Zenaide Maria de Morais , Ferreira Neto José Soares 
Published: December 2016

Following the recent implementation of the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT), and the lack of economic research on animal health in Brazil, we created a model to estimate the economic impact of brucellosis and tuberculosis on livestock production, using the municipality of Pirassununga/SP as a case study. The first part of our study consisted of a literature review of the estimates of losses caused by the two diseases. The impact on production was converted into economic losses, also represented by monetary values, using secondary references from 2003. The losses were calculated for the entire municipality and took into account the actual prevalence of disease in the animals, and the type of disease in each of the affected properties. The results revealed the annual losses in Pirassununga, which, at the time of the study, were as high as R$ 132,676.23 for brucellosis (updated value by the IGP-M: R$273,407.43), and between R$192,500.00 and R$ 430,252.00 for tuberculosis (values updated by the IGP-M: R$ 396,686.97 and R$ 886,825.25). These results suggest that these diseases had a significant impact on livestock production in the municipality of Pirassununga. The impacts they have on agriculture, and the economy, should be rapidly be communicated throughout Brazil because this information will significantly improve the management of veterinary sanitary processes.
Ultrasonic Investigation of α-Amino Acids with Aqueous Solution of Urea at Different Temperatures: A Physicochemical Study
Authors: Malik Nazia , Khan Azhar U. , Naqvi Saeeda , Arfin Tanvir 
Published: December 2016

The present paper reflects the ultrasonic investigations for exploring the inter-ionic interactions of various concentrations of α-amino acids such as L-Arginine, L-lysine monohydrochloride, and L-histidine in aqueous solutions of urea over a wide ranges of temperatures (298.15 to 323.15) K under atmospheric pressure. It also represent the detail showing that molecular interactions between the a-amino acids and urea has much dissociation of proteins in the solvent mixture. The study of ultrasonic speed and sound velocity were successfully preformed on the liquid ternary mixtures. With the help of the above mentioned parameter, the values of isentropic compressibility, change in isentropic compressibility , relative change in isentropic compressibility , relative association , specific acoustic impedance , and apparent molal isentropic compressibility were calculated. These parameters have been examined in term of the molecular associations such as ion-ion, ion-solvent, solute-solvent, solute-solute etc., and briefly described in terms of the structure-making ability corresponding to a-amino acids in the urea. Efforts have been taken to explore the dependency of the outcomes related to temperature and concentration.
Chemical bonding structural analysis of nitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond/hydrogenated amorphous carbon composite films prepared by coaxial arc plasma deposition
Authors: Gima Hiroki , Zkria Abdelrahman , Katamune Yūki , Ohtani Ryota , Koizumi Satoshi , Yoshitake Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Nitrogen-doped ultra-nanocrystalline diamond/hydrogenated amorphous carbon composite films prepared in hydrogen and nitrogen mixed-gas atmospheres by coaxial arc plasma deposition with graphite targets were studied electrically and chemical-bonding-structurally. The electrical conductivity was increased by nitrogen doping, accompanied by the production of n-type conduction. From X-ray photoemission, near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure, hydrogen forward-scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectral results, it is expected that hydrogen atoms that terminate diamond grain boundaries will be partially replaced by nitrogen atoms and, consequently, π C–N and C=N bonds that easily generate free electrons will be formed at grain boundaries.
Beaming of intense AKR seen from the Interball‐2 spacecraft
Authors: Schreiber R. , Panchenko M. , Hanasz J. , Mutel R. , Christopher I. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe present results of intense auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) sources direction finding based on single‐spacecraft
vector source location performed in the frame of Interball‐2 mission (POLRAD experiment on board Auroral Probe). With our swept frequency analyzer we are not able to work with single AKR bursts generated in small, elementary sources, but we improve our signal‐to‐noise (s/n) ratio and determine direction to the AKR source region averaging data over 10 consecutive 4 kHz frequency steps. Measurements of directions to the AKR sources confirm recent Mutel et al. () findings based on Cluster Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) data—AKR rays are mostly confined to the direction tangent to the auroral oval as measured in Mutel's tangent plane (TP) coordinates. In this paper we use additional coordinate system rotated with respect to TP coordinates in order to determine azimuths of AKR rays with respect to the auroral oval. We see cases of AKR propagation significantly deflected from the tangent plane. Additional information concerning geometry of auroral arc at the AKR source can help to distinguish between propagation along and propagation across the auroral cavity. Examples of instantaneous AKR visibility maps defined in this paper for both coordinate systems are shown and discussed. Using such map (valid for our spacecraft for relatively short observational periods of the order of 10 min), it is possible for known positions of the AKR sources in invariant latitude‐magnetic local time coordinates to visualize direction angles of AKR beams reaching the observer.
Pan‐Arctic river discharge: Prioritizing monitoring of future climate change hot spots
Authors: Bring Arvid , Shiklomanov Alexander , Lammers Richard B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Arctic freshwater cycle is changing rapidly, which will require adequate monitoring of river flows to detect, observe, and understand changes and provide adaptation information. There has, however, been little detail about where the greatest flow changes are projected, and where monitoring therefore may need to be strengthened. In this study, we used a set of recent climate model runs and an advanced macro‐scale hydrological model to analyze how flows across the continental pan‐Arctic are projected to change and where the climate models agree on significant changes. We also developed a method to identify where monitoring stations should be placed to observe these significant changes, and compared this set of suggested locations with the existing network of monitoring stations. Overall, our results reinforce earlier indications of large increases in flow over much of the Arctic, but we also identify some areas where projections agree on significant changes but disagree on the sign of change. For monitoring, central and eastern Siberia, Alaska, and central Canada are hot spots for the highest changes. To take advantage of existing networks, a number of stations across central Canada and western and central Siberia could form a prioritized set. Further development of model representation of high‐latitude hydrology would improve confidence in the areas we identify here. Nevertheless, ongoing observation programs may consider these suggested locations in efforts to improve monitoring of the rapidly changing Arctic freshwater cycle.
Lower hybrid frequency range waves generated by ion polarization drift due to electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves: Analysis of an event observed by the Van Allen Probe B
Authors: Khazanov G. V. , Boardsen S. , Krivorutsky E. N. , Engebretson M. J. , Sibeck D. , Chen S. , Breneman A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe analyze a wave event that occurred near noon between 07:03 and 07:08 UT on 23 February 2014 detected by the Van Allen Probes B spacecraft, where waves in the lower hybrid frequency range (LHFR) and electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are observed to be highly correlated, with Pearson correlation coefficient of ~0.86. We assume that the correlation is the result of LHFR wave generation by the ions' polarization drift in the electric field of the EMIC waves. To check this assumption the drift velocities of electrons and H+, He+, and O+ ions in the measured EMIC wave electric field were modeled. Then the LHFR wave linear instantaneous growth rates for plasma with these changing drift velocities and different plasma compositions were calculated. The time distribution of these growth rates, their frequency distribution, and the frequency dependence of the ratio of the LHFR wave power spectral density (PSD) parallel and perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field to the total PSD were found. These characteristics of the growth rates were compared with the corresponding characteristics of the observed LHFR activity. Reasonable agreement between these features and the strong correlation between EMIC and LHFR energy densities support the assumption that the LHFR wave generation can be caused by the ions' polarization drift in the electric field of an EMIC wave.
Relative contributions of momentum forcing and heating to high‐latitude lower thermospheric winds
Authors: Kwak Young‐Sil , Richmond Arthur D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe discuss the significance of potential vorticity in the thermosphere and quantify the relative contributions of momentum forcing and heating to its total time derivative in the high‐latitude lower thermosphere during the southern hemisphere summertime for negative interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz conditions on the basis of numerical simulations. A term analysis of the potential vorticity equation for weak or strong southward IMF (Bz = −2.0 nT or −10.0 nT) gives the following results: the ratios of the momentum forcing term to the heating term at 142, 123, and 111 km altitudes for IMF Bz = −2.0 nT are roughly 6:1, 4:1, and 2:1, respectively, indicating that the momentum forcing term makes the larger contribution to the total time derivative of the potential vorticity, although the relative contribution of the momentum forcing weakens with descending altitude. The ratios of the momentum forcing term to the heating term at 142, 123, and 111 km altitudes for IMF Bz = −10.0 nT are roughly 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1, indicating that, at higher altitudes, the momentum forcing term makes the larger contribution to the total time derivative of the potential vorticity, but the relative contributions of momentum forcing and heating are comparable at lower altitudes. A comparison of the heating term and the momentum forcing term for IMF Bz = −2.0 nT and IMF Bz = −10.0 nT conditions indicates that the heating term increases more significantly than the momentum forcing term as IMF Bz becomes more negative.
Comment on “Effects of electron temperature anisotropy on proton mirror instability evolution” by Ahmadi et al. (2016)
Authors: Remya B. , Reddy R. V. , Tsurutani B. T. , Lakhina G. S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn a recent paper, Ahmadi et al. (2016) analyze the effect of electron temperature anisotropy on proton mirror instability. They find that the electron whistler instability grows faster and consumes all the available electron free energy so that no anisotropy is left to fuel the proton mirror mode growth. In this comment we present both observational and theoretical arguments about why we think this is incorrect.
A statistical study on hot flow anomaly current sheets
Authors: Zhao L. L. , Zhang H. , Zong Q.‐G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHot flow anomalies (HFAs) are phenomena frequently observed near Earth's bow shock and form when the interplanetary discontinuities interact with Earth's bow shock. We perform a statistical study to determine what kind of discontinuities are more efficient to generate HFAs. We use strict criteria to identify classic HFAs, excluding similar foreshock phenomena such as spontaneous hot flow anomalies (SHFAs) and foreshock bubbles. Our results show that magnetic field on at least one side of the interplanetary discontinuities has to be connected to the bow shock in order to form HFAs. Discontinuities with large shear angles are more efficient to form HFAs. The thickness of current sheets and the thickness of HFAs are strongly correlated and current sheets with thickness from 1000 km to 3162 km are more efficient to form HFAs. Of the HFAs, 74% have the electric field pointing toward the current sheet on the leading side and 72% have the electric field pointing toward the current sheet on the trailing side. In addition, the variations of plasma parameters and the magnetic field of HFAs with E inward on both sides are more dramatic than those with E inward on only one side. An HFA is more likely to form when the reflected flow from the bow shock is along the discontinuity.