bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of life‐course family income trajectories on periodontitis: Birth cohort study
Authors: Schuch Helena S. , Peres Karen G. , Demarco Flavio F. , Horta Bernardo L. , Gigante Denise P. , Peres Marco A. , Do Loc G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsTo quantify the impact of life course income trajectories on periodontitis in adulthood.Materials and MethodsData from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, Brazil, were used. Information on family income was collected at birth and ages 15, 19, 23 and 30 years. Group‐based trajectory modelling was used to identify income trajectories. Periodontal measures were assessed through clinical examination at age 31. Log‐Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) of any and moderate/severe periodontitis, as outcomes.ResultsPrevalence of any periodontitis and moderate/severe periodontitis was 37.3% and 14.3% (n = 539). Income trajectories were associated with prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis. Adjusted PR in participants in low and variable income trajectory was 2.1 times higher than in participants in stable high‐income trajectory. The unadjusted association between income trajectories and prevalence of any periodontitis was explained by the inclusion of behavioural and clinical variables in the model.ConclusionsLow and variable life course income increased the prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis at age 31 years. The findings may inform programmes in identifying and targeting potentially at‐risk groups during the life course to prevent periodontitis.
Evidence‐based (S3) guideline for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women and in men – short version
Authors: Kanti V. , Messenger A. , Dobos G. , Reygagne P. , Finner A. , Blumeyer A. , Trakatelli M. , Tosti A. , del Marmol V. , Piraccini B.M. , Nast A. , Blume‐Peytavi U. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAndrogenetic alopecia is the most common hair loss disorder, affecting both men and women. Initial signs of androgenetic alopecia usually develop during teenage years leading to progressive hair loss with a pattern distribution. Moreover, its frequency increases with age and affects up to 80% Caucasian men and 42% of women. Patients afflicted with androgenetic alopecia may undergo significant impairment of quality of life. The European Dermatology Forum (EDF) initiated a project to develop evidence‐based guidelines for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Based on a systematic literature research the efficacy of the currently available therapeutic options was assessed and therapeutic recommendations were passed in a consensus conference. The purpose of the guideline is to provide dermatologists with an evidence‐based tool for choosing an efficacious and safe therapy for patients with androgenetic alopecia.
White oral mucosal lesions among the Yemeni population and their relation to local oral habits
Authors: Al‐Maweri Sadeq A. , Al‐Jamaei Aisha , Saini Rajan , Laronde Denise M. , Sharhan Amany 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsThe aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of white oral mucosal lesions among Yemeni adults; in particular, those who chew khat and tobacco.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study included 1052 dental patients aged 15 years and older. A detailed oral examination was performed by a single examiner in accordance with standard international criteria.ResultsOverall, 25.2% of the study participants presented with one or more white lesions. The most prevalent lesions were khat‐induced white lesion (8.8%), leukoedema (5.1%), and frictional keratosis (3.9%). Potentially malignant lesions, such as lichen planus, leukoplakia, and smokeless tobacco‐induced lesions, were seen in 2.4%, 1.2%, and 1.7% of participants, respectively. Moreover, three cases of oral cancer were identified. The presence of white lesions was found to be significantly associated with advanced age (P = .004), male gender (P = .009), and khat/tobacco chewing habits (P < .001).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates a high prevalence of oral benign and potentially malignant white lesions. Further, it highlights the urgent need to develop and implement new government policies to regulate the sale of these products to reduce the prevalence of these lesions and the overall incidence of oral cancers in the Yemeni population.
Assessment of the relationship between the maxillary sinus floor and the upper posterior root tips: Clinical considerations
Authors: Nino‐Barrera Javier Laureano , Ardila Edith , Guaman‐Pacheco Fernando , Gamboa‐Martinez Luis , Alzate‐Mendoza Diana 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the maxillary sinus floor and the upper posterior root tips in the Colombian population using cone‐beam computed tomography.MethodsA total of 1656 roots were analyzed (1104 molars and 552 premolars), classified as types I (outside the maxillary sinus) and II (inside the maxillary sinus).ResultsThe results showed that the palatal root of the maxillary first molar was most frequently found inside the antrum.ConclusionsUnderstanding the relationship between the maxillary sinus floor and the upper posterior root tips is important to the clinician when performing conventional or surgical endodontic treatment and conventional surgery procedures in order to minimize or avoid the risk of damaging the maxillary sinus.
Adults with intellectual disabilities in China: comorbid psychiatric disorder and its association with health service utilisation
Authors: He P. , Chen G. , Wang Z. , Guo C. , Li N. , Yun C. , Zheng X. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundAdults with intellectual disabilities (ID) often have multiple comorbidities. Psychiatric disorders in this population have been poorly studied in developing countries. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults with ID and whether comorbid psychiatric disorders were associated with health service utilisation.MethodsWe obtained data from the Second National Sample Survey on Disability, conducted in 31 provinces of China and selected a subsample of 13 631 adults aged 18 years and above with ID. ID were defined by intelligence quotient score under 70, deficits in two or more adaptive behaviours and age of onset under 18 years. Psychiatric disorders were identified according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. Logistic regressions were used for data analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults with ID was 16.7%. The most prevalent type of psychiatric disorder was dementia. Older adults, females, being minorities, urban residents, being literate, low‐income groups and having severe ID, were associated with elevated risk of psychiatric disorder among adults with ID. Compared with individuals without psychiatric disorders, those with comorbid psychiatric disorders were more likely to use medical service and less likely to use rehabilitation service.ConclusionsThe prevalence of psychiatric disorder in adults with ID was strikingly higher than that in the general population. Health service utilisation among Chinese adults with ID remained a big challenge. There is a possibility of diagnostic overshadowing by local clinicians, which may have resulted in overdiagnosis of dementia and underdiagnosis of common mental disorders. This study informs further investigations regarding common mental disorders among people with ID and has implications for public health strategies and health policies to meet health service need for this population.
Lateral sensitivity in electron probe microanalysis studied by Monte Carlo simulations involving fluorescence enhancements
Authors: PETACCIA M. , CASTELLANO G. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIn electron probe microanalysis, secondary fluorescence can occur leading to an increase of the volume analysed, degrading the lateral resolution of this technique. An adequate knowledge of the interaction volumes from where the different signals of interest are detected is determinant to estimate the minimum size of the zone that can be characterized. In this work, the size of the signal source volume is surveyed for a wide set of samples at different beam energies. To this aim, the PENELOPE software package was chosen to run Monte Carlo simulations for several experimental situations in order to produce the various lateral radiation distributions of interest. A comparison between the interaction volumes of the different signals was performed by taking into account the different fluorescence enhancement possibilities. An unexpected behaviour was found in the particular cases of aluminium and alumina, where the secondary photons signal exhibits a decreasing trend up to certain beam energy (∼17 keV); this implies that lower beam energies may degrade the lateral resolution of the technique in these materials.
Dense‐core vesicle biogenesis and exocytosis in neurons lacking chromogranins A and B
Authors: Dominguez Natalia , van Weering Jan R. T. , Borges Ricardo , Toonen Ruud F. G. , Verhage Matthijs 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChromogranin A and B (Cgs) are considered to be master regulators of cargo sorting for the regulated secretory pathway (RSP) and dense‐core vesicle (DCV) biogenesis. To test this, we analyzed the release of neuropeptide Y (NPY)‐pHluorin, a live RSP reporter, and the distribution, number, and appearance of DCVs, in mouse hippocampal neurons lacking expression of CHGA and CHGB genes. qRT‐PCR analysis showed that expression of other granin family members was not significantly altered in CgA/B−/− neurons. As synaptic maturation of developing neurons depends on secretion of trophic factors in the RSP, we first analyzed neuronal development in standardized neuronal cultures. Surprisingly, dendritic and axonal length, arborization, synapse density, and synaptic vesicle accumulation in synapses were all normal in CgA/B−/− neurons. Moreover, the number of DCVs outside the soma, stained with endogenous marker Secretogranin II, the number of NPY‐pHluorin puncta, and the total amount of reporter in secretory compartments, as indicated by pH‐sensitive NPY‐pHluorin fluorescence, were all normal in CgA/B−/− neurons. Electron microscopy revealed that synapses contained a normal number of DCVs, with a normal diameter, in CgA/B−/− neurons. In contrast, CgA/B−/− chromaffin cells contained fewer and smaller secretory vesicles with a smaller core size, as previously reported. Finally, live‐cell imaging at single vesicle resolution revealed a normal number of fusion events upon bursts of action potentials in CgA/B−/− neurons. These events had normal kinetics and onset relative to the start of stimulation. Taken together, these data indicate that the two chromogranins are dispensable for cargo sorting in the RSP and DCV biogenesis in mouse hippocampal neurons.
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Suppression of oxidative phosphorylation confers resistance against bevacizumab in experimental glioma
Authors: Eriksson Jule A. , Wanka Christina , Burger Michael C. , Urban Hans , Hartel Ines , von Renesse Janusz , Harter Patrick N. , Mittelbronn Michel , Steinbach Joachim P. , Rieger Johannes 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough bevacizumab initially shows high response rates in gliomas and other tumours, therapy resistance usually develops later. Because anti‐angiogenic agents are supposed to induce hypoxia, we asked whether rendering glioma cells independent of oxidative phosphorylation modulates their sensitivity against hypoxia and bevacizumab. LNT‐229 glioma cells without functional mitochondria (rho0) and control (rho+) cells were generated. LNT‐229 rho0‐cells displayed reduced expression of oxidative phosphorylation‐related genes and diminished oxygen consumption. Conversely, glycolysis was up‐regulated in these cells, as shown by increased lactate production and stronger expression of glucose transporter‐1 and lactate dehydrogenase‐A. However, hypoxia‐induced cell death in vitro was nearly completely abolished in the LNT‐229 rho0‐cells, these cells were more sensitive towards glucose restriction and the treatment with the glycolysis inhibitor 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose. In an orthotopic mouse xenograft experiment, bevacizumab induced hypoxia as reflected by elevated Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha staining in both, rho+‐ and rho0‐tumours. However, it prolonged survival only in the mice bearing rho+‐tumours (74 days vs. 105 days, p = 0.024 log‐rank test) and had no effect on survival in mice carrying LNT‐229 rho0‐tumours (75 days vs. 70 days, p = 0.52 log‐rank test). Interestingly, inhibition of glycolysis in vivo with 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose re‐established sensitivity of rho0‐tumours against bevacizumab (98 days vs. 80 days, p = 0.0001). In summary, ablation of oxidative phosphorylation in glioma cells leads to a more glycolytic and hypoxia‐resistant phenotype and is sufficient to induce bevacizumab‐refractory tumours. These results add to increasing evidence that a switch towards glycolysis is one mechanism how tumour cells may evade anti‐angiogenic treatments and suggest anti‐glycolytic strategies as promising approaches to overcome bevacizumab resistance.
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The effect of training on the temporal dominance of sensations method: A study with milk protein hydrolysates
Authors: Hutchings Scott C. , de Casanove Aude , Schlich Pascal , O'Riordan Dolores 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) method could be an alternative approach to time‐consuming trained panels for the sensory analysis of protein hydrolysates. However, the amount of training required for accurate TDS results with hydrolysates is unclear. In addition, the masking of unpleasant aftertastes in protein hydrolysates using sweeteners is often only partially successful. The aim of this study was: (a) To examine changes in TDS results with hydrolysates as a group of panelists progress through different levels of training: as untrained panelists, familiarized panelists, and trained panelists. (b) To examine the effect of increasing sweetness on the temporal suppression of sensory attributes in hydrolysates. Four products were assessed: a casein hydrolysate at 10% wt/wt with 4 levels of sucralose (0%, 1.5, 3, and 6% equivalent sweetness). Similar TDS results were obtained for all three levels of training for each product, however consensus of selection and product discrimination increased with training. As sweetness increased bitterness was suppressed however cheesiness increased. Sweetness tended to peak before bitterness and cheesiness, however temporal changes were small and subtle.Practical applicationsRunning traditional descriptive trained panels is expensive and time‐consuming. It is particularly difficult with protein hydrolysates, as their unpleasant sensory properties mean that panelists are hard to recruit, and will often leave panels during training. This work attempted to understand if the Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) method could be used with untrained panelists for protein hydrolysates. Results suggest a TDS panel of untrained panelists may be suitable for the assessment of hydrolysates, however TDS training still provided the best quality data. This work also represents a first attempt to understand the aftertaste profile of a protein hydrolysate (and attempts to mask aftertaste with a sweet masking agent) using a temporal sensory method. Results showed most sensory attributes dominating during tasting in the mouth declined very slowly after swallowing.
Depth‐based differentiation in nitrogen uptake between graminoids and shrubs in an Arctic tundra plant community
Authors: Wang Peng , Limpens Juul , Nauta Ake , van Huissteden Corine , Quirina van Rijssel Sophie , Mommer Liesje , de Kroon Hans , Maximov Trofim C. , Heijmans Monique M.P.D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractQuestionsThe rapid climate warming in tundra ecosystems can increase nutrient availability in the soil, which may initiate shifts in vegetation composition. The direction in which the vegetation shifts will co‐determine whether Arctic warming is mitigated or accelerated, making the understanding of successional trajectories urgent. One of the key factors influencing the competitive relationships between plant species is their access to nutrients, depending on the depth where they take up most nutrients. However, nutrient uptake at different soil depths by tundra plant species that differ in rooting depth is unclear.LocationKytalyk Nature Reserve, northeast Siberia, Russia.MethodsWe injected 15N to 5 cm, 15 cm and the thaw front of the soil in a moist tussock tundra. The absorption of 15N by grasses, sedges, deciduous shrubs and evergreen shrubs from the three depths was compared.ResultsThe results clearly show a vertical differentiation of N uptake by these plant functional types, corresponding to their rooting strategy. Shallow‐rooting dwarf shrubs were more capable of absorbing nutrients from the upper soil than from deeper soil. Deep‐rooting grasses and sedges were more capable of absorbing nutrients from deeper soil than the dwarf shrubs. The natural 15N abundances in control plants also indicate that graminoids can absorb more nutrients from the deeper soil than dwarf shrubs.ConclusionsOur results show that graminoids and shrubs in the Arctic differ in their N uptake strategies, with graminoids profiting from nutrients released at the thaw front, while shrubs mainly forage in upper soil layers. Our results suggest that tundra vegetation will become graminoid‐dominated as permafrost thaw progresses and nutrient availability increases in the deep soil.
Telemetry tags increase the costs of swimming in northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus
Authors: Rosen David A. S. , Gerlinsky Carling G. , Trites Andrew W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAnimal‐borne instruments have become a standard tool for collecting important data from marine mammals. However, few studies have examined whether placement of these data loggers affects the behavior and energetics of individual animals, potentially leading to biasing data. We measured the effect of two types of relatively small data loggers (<1% of animals’ mass and front profile) on the swimming speeds and energy expenditure of four female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) while swimming at depth. Swim speeds and rates of oxygen consumption were measured as the trained fur seals repeatedly swam an underwater circuit, with or without the tags. We found the placement of either tested tag significantly affected both the behavior and energetics of the fur seals in our study. Diving metabolic rate increased an average of 8.1%–12.3% (depending on tag type) and swim speed decreased an average of 3.0%–6.0% when wearing the tags. The combined changes in velocities and metabolic rates resulted in a 12.0%–19.0% increase in the total energy required by the fur seals to swim a set distance. The demonstrated effects of tags on behavior and energy expenditure may bias data sets from wild animals and potentially incur longer‐term impacts on the studied animals.
Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) social structure in the Shannon Estuary, Ireland, is distinguished by age‐ and area‐related associations
Authors: Baker Isabel , O'Brien Joanne , McHugh Katherine , Ingram Simon N. , Berrow Simon 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSocial and network analyses that incorporate information on individuals within a population enhance our knowledge of complex species. In this study, the social structure of wild bottlenose dolphins in the Shannon Estuary, Ireland, was analyzed by examining the dynamics of the whole population and then of individuals classed by sex, age, and area. One hundred and twenty‐one dolphins were identified during 522 sightings between 2012 and 2015. The mean half‐weight association index (HWI) of the population was 0.07 ± 0.02. The highest HWIs for individuals of known sex were for female‐male pairs. Mean within‐class HWI was significantly higher than mean between‐class HWI for both age and area classes. Ordinations and sociograms were used to visualize social networks. Permutation tests revealed nonrandom associations for the population overall and both between and within classes. Temporal analyses showed associations persisting for >1,000 d. The whole population's best fit model was for two levels of casual acquaintances. Movement analyses demonstrated the use of the inner estuary by only 25% of the population revealing a potential community division by area. The difference between mean HWI when socializing (0.09 ± 0.03) compared to foraging (0.06 ± 0.03) was significant. These results highlight the importance of localized research, reflecting the complexity found in bottlenose dolphin societies globally.
Co‐occurrence and seasonal and environmental distributions of the sandflies Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani in the city of Puerto Iguazú, northeastern Argentina
Authors: SANTINI M. S. , FERNÁNDEZ M. S. , CAVIA R. , SALOMÓN O. D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the distribution of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidade) abundance in time and space in an area in northeastern Argentina with vector transmission of visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. For this, 51 households were selected using a ‘worst scenario’ criterion where one light trap was set during two consecutive nights in peridomiciles in the transitions between the four seasons, and the environment was surveyed simultaneously. The relationships of phlebotomine assemblage structure and the most abundant species with seasonality and environmental variables were evaluated using a canonical correspondence analysis and generalized linear mixed models, respectively. A total of 5110 individuals were captured. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) and Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) were the most abundant species captured in all samplings (98.3% of the total capture). The period of highest abundance of Lu. longipalpis was early autumn, and it was distributed in the most urbanized areas. Nyssomyia whitmani occupied mainly the less urbanized areas, showing peaks of abundance in early spring and summer. Other species were captured in low numbers and showed seasonal−spatial variations similar to those of Ny. whitmani. We confirmed Leishmania spp. vector persistence throughout the year in spatial patches of high abundance even during the less favorable season.
Social networks, health promoting‐behavior, and health‐related quality of life in older Korean adults
Authors: Hong Minjoo , De Gagne Jennie C. , Shin Hyewon 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this cross‐sectional, descriptive study, we compared the sociodemographic characteristics, social networks, health‐promoting behavior, and the health‐related quality of life of older Korean adults living in South Korea to those of older Korean adult immigrants living in the USA. A total of 354 older adults, aged 65 years or older, participated. Data were collected through self‐directed questionnaires, and analyzed using a two way analysis of variance, t‐tests, χ2‐tests, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The association between four sociodemographic characteristics and health‐related quality of life was significantly different between the two groups. For the older Korean adults living in South Korea, positive correlations existed between a measure of their social networks and both health‐promoting behavior and health‐related quality of life. For the older Korean immigrants, the findings revealed a positive correlation only between social networks and health‐promoting behavior. The study findings support the important association social networks can have with health‐related quality of life, and their possible relationship to health‐promoting behaviors of older Korean adults. We suggest that health policy‐makers and healthcare providers develop comprehensive programs that are designed to improve older adults’ social networks.