bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OCT-Angiografie bei RPE-Einrissen im Rahmen einer exsudativen AMD: morphologische Analysen der Choriokapillaris und des RPE
Authors: Gutfleisch Matthias , Rothaus Kai , Farecki Marie-Louise , Faatz Henrik , Heimes-Bussmann Britta , Gunnemann Frederic , Ziegler Martin , Papapostolou Ioannis , Lommatzsch Albrecht , Pauleikhoff Daniel 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ein Riss des retinalen Pigmentepithels (RPE) ist eine typische Komplikation vaskularisierter Pigmentepithelabhebungen im Rahmen einer exsudativen AMD. Unter einer proaktiven intensiven Anti-VEGF-Therapie kann es zu einer funktionellen Stabilisierung oder sogar Verbesserung kommen. Durch die neue Methode der OCT-Angiografie (OCT-A) können die retinalen Gefäße dargestellt und die Perfusionsdichte quantifiziert werden. Die vorliegende Pilotstudie untersucht die Veränderungen der Choriokapillaris (CC) im Areal mit wieder zunehmender Fundusautofluoreszenz (FAF) nach der Entstehung eines RPE-Risses mittels OCT-A.
Material und Methoden Bei 6 Augen mit einem RPE-Riss wurde prospektiv initial und alle 3 Monate eine multimodale Bildgebung inklusive einer FAF (HRA2, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Deutschland) und OCT-A (RTVue XR Avanti, SSDA-Modus, Angiovue, Optovue, Freemont, CA, USA) durchgeführt. Durch ein interaktives MATLAB-Programm (MATLAB, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) wurden FAF und OCT-A geometrisch überlagert. Unter Zuhilfenahme der Software Fiji (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) wurde in Arealen mit zunehmender FAF die Flussdichte in der OCT-A mit Choriokapillarissegmentierung in einem Nachbeobachtungszeitraum von durchschnittlich 12 Monaten gemessen.
Ergebnisse Es konnte eine Verkleinerung des RPE-freien Areals durch Zunahme von autofluoreszenten Gewebe im Randbereich des RPE-Einrisses im Mittel von 2,94 mm2 (SD 2,1 mm2; 42,1% des initialen RPE-freien Areals) beobachtet werden. Am Ende der unterschiedlichen Nachbeobachtungszeit zeigten einige Patienten im Areal mit regenerierter Autofluoreszenz eine gegenüber dem Initialbefund verringerte Flussdichte, während andere eine gleiche oder sogar vergrößerte Flussdichte aufwiesen.
Schlussfolgerung In der vorliegenden Pilotstudie wird die OCT-A zur Analyse der CC-Struktur in Arealen regenerierender FAF nach einem RPE-Einriss getestet. Mit einer externen Bildbearbeitung wurden FAF und OCT-A im Verlauf verglichen. Hiermit konnte beobachtet werden, dass scheinbar zunächst eine Regression der CC im genannten Areal eintritt, die mit längerer Nachbeobachtungszeit und Ausbildung von autofluoreszentem SHT (Subretinal hyperreflective Tissue) sich ebenso wie die FAF bis zum CC-Ausgangsbefund regeneriert.
Methamphetaminkonsum in Mitteldeutschland: Eine qualitative Studie zu Konsumentengruppen und -motiven aus Expertensicht
Authors: Hoffmann Laura , Schumann Nadine , Richter Matthias 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Methamphetamin gehört zu den meist konsumierten illegalen Drogen weltweit. In Deutschland weist der Konsum in den letzten Jahren hohe Steigerungsraten im Vergleich zu anderen Suchtmitteln auf. Insbesondere Mitteldeutschland ist von einem starken Konsumanstieg betroffen. Internationale Studien zeigen, dass beim Methamphetaminkonsum keine Begrenzung auf bestimmte Personengruppen feststellbar ist und riskante Konsummuster in verschiedenen sozialen Gruppen zu finden sind. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, zu explorieren, mit welchen Konsumentengruppen und -motiven von Methamphetamin die Experten der verschiedenen Beratungs- und Behandlungseinrichtungen konfrontiert sind und worin sie sich von anderen Suchterkrankten unterscheiden.
Methode Die empirische Datenerhebung erfolgte in einem konsekutiven, 2-stufigen Verfahren. Zunächst wurden in 39 semi-strukturierten Einzelinterviews die Erfahrungen und Perspektiven der befragten Experten aus unterschiedlichen Versorgungsbereichen exploriert. Anschließend wurden die Ergebnisse der Einzelinterviews in 2 professionsübergreifenden Fokusgruppen diskutiert und validiert. Alle Interviews und Fokusgruppendiskussionen wurden digital aufgezeichnet, transkribiert und mithilfe des Auswertungsverfahrens nach Meuser & Nagel analysiert.
Ergebnisse Es konnten 3 prägnante Konsumentengruppen identifiziert werden: (1) Eltern mit Kindern, Schwangere und Frauen, (2) junge Konsumenten bzw. „Früheinsteiger“ sowie (3) ältere Konsumenten bzw. „Späteinsteiger“. Als Hauptmotiv für den Methamphetaminkonsum beschreiben die Experten die Leistungssteigerung. Weitere Konsummotive sind z. B. die Bewältigung verschiedenster Belastungssituationen, das Ermöglichen bzw. Verbessern von sexuellen Erlebnissen, die Selbstwertsteigerung, Krisen- und Traumabewältigung, Selbstmedikation, der Konsum aus Neugierde sowie zur Freizeitgestaltung.
Diskussion/Schlussfolgerung Übereinstimmend mit internationalen Befunden zeigen die vorliegenden Ergebnisse, dass es unter den Crystal Meth Konsumenten verschiedene soziale Gruppen und breit gefächerte Motivlagen gibt, die sich teils von Konsumenten anderer illegaler Substanzen unterscheiden. So kommen z. B. junge, alleinerziehende Mütter sowie Schwangere vergleichsweise häufig vor. Für die Beratungs- und Behandlungsangebote bedeutet dies, sich künftig diesen Konsumgruppen und -motiven anzupassen und Versorgungsangebote bedarfsorientiert auszubauen, z. B. mit mehr familienorientierten Maßnahmen für suchterkrankte Eltern. Zudem gilt es, die Erreichbarkeit der Betroffenen künftig zu verbessern, u. a. mittels flexiblerer Beratungszeiten im ambulanten Bereich.
Relationship between Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Dyslipidemia with Fatty Liver Index in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Klisic Aleksandra , Isakovic Aleksandra , Kocic Gordana , Kavaric Nebojsa , Jovanovic Milovan , Zvrko Elvir , Skerovic Verica , Ninic Ana 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Introduction/Aim Considering the high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), we aimed to investigate the potential benefit of determining markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and dyslipidemia for prediction of NAFLD, as estimated with fatty liver index (FLI) in individuals with DM2.
Methods A total of 139 individuals with DM2 (of them 49.9% females) were enrolled in cross-sectional study. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as blood pressure were obtained. A FLI was calculated.
Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were independent predictors of higher FLI [Odds ratio (OR)=0.056, p=0.029; and OR=1.105, p=0.016, respectively]. In Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis, the addition of fatty liver risk factors (e. g., age, gender, body height, smoking status, diabetes duration and drugs metabolized in liver) to each analysed biochemical parameter [HDL-c, non-HDL-c, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), MDA and advanced oxidant protein products (AOPP)] in Model 1, increased the ability to discriminate patients with and without fatty liver [Area under the curve (AUC)=0.832, AUC=0.808, AUC=0.798, AUC=0.824 and AUC=0.743, respectively]. Model 2 (which included all five examined predictors, e. g., HDL-c, non-HDL-c, hsCRP, MDA, AOPP, and fatty liver risk factors) improved discriminative abilities for fatty liver status (AUC=0.909). Even more, Model 2 had the highest sensitivity and specificity (89.3% and 87.5%, respectively) together than each predictor in Model 1.
Conclusion Multimarker approach, including biomarkers of oxidative stress, dyslipidemia and inflammation, could be of benefit in identifying patients with diabetes being at high risk of fatty liver disease.
Editorial
Authors: Saftoiu Adrian 
Published: September 2017

Dear colleagues,It is my great pleasure and honor to introduce the September 2017 Issue of Ultrasound International Open (UIO), already in its eight number from the initial appearance of the journal in 2015. Recently, UIO has reached the antechamber of journals applying for Impact Factor, being accepted in ESCI (Emerging Sources Citation Index). Consequently, UIO will soon appear in the Web of Science, a major step forward for the journal. The enthusiasm and hard work of the editors, as well as of the entire Thieme support team was invaluable for this endeavor! Three landmark papers are published in the issue, along with 4 case presentations and 1 letter to the editor.
Atmospheric evidence for a global secular increase in carbon isotopic discrimination of land photosynthesis
Authors: Keeling Ralph F. , Graven Heather D. , Welp Lisa R. , Resplandy Laure , Bi Jian , Piper Stephen C. , Sun Ying , Bollenbacher Alane , Meijer Harro A. J. 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceClimate change and rising CO2are altering the behavior of land plants in ways that influence how much biomass they produce relative to how much water they need for growth. This study shows that it is possible to detect changes occurring in plants using long-term measurements of the isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2. These measurements imply that plants have globally increased their water use efficiency at the leaf level in proportion to the rise in atmospheric CO2over the past few decades. While the full implications remain to be explored, the results help to quantify the extent to which the biosphere has become less constrained by water stress globally.
Gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis patients enables spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice
Authors: Berer Kerstin , Gerdes Lisa Ann , Cekanaviciute Egle , Jia Xiaoming , Xiao Liang , Xia Zhongkui , Liu Chuan , Klotz Luisa , Stauffer Uta , Baranzini Sergio E. , Kümpfel Tania , Hohlfeld Reinhard , Krishnamoorthy Gurumoorthy , Wekerle Hartmut 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Studies using experimental models have indicated that multiple sclerosis (MS)-like disease can be triggered in the gut following interactions of brain autoimmune T lymphocytes with local microbiota. Here we studied the gut microbiota from monozygotic human twin pairs discordant for multiple sclerosis. When we transferred human-derived microbiota into transgenic mice expressing a myelin autoantigen-specific T cell receptor, we found that gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis-affected twins induced CNS-specific autoimmunity at a higher incidence than microbiota from healthy co-twins. Our results offer functional evidence that human microbiome components contribute to CNS-specific autoimmunity.
Double-Crested Cormorants: Too Much of a Good Thing?
Authors: Dorr Brian S. , Fielder David G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
For centuries, people have viewed double-crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus negatively, and human persecution coupled with environmental contamination severely reduced numbers of cormorants throughout North America. Shifts in paradigms for management of our natural resources resulted in reductions in environmental contaminants and regulatory protection of cormorants, allowing for an amazing population resurgence of this adaptable fish-eating bird. However, for cormorants, as with some other native wildlife species the populations of which have rebounded due to conservation efforts, there have been cormorant-societal conflicts with respect to commercial and natural resources such as aquaculture and sport fisheries. Increasing resource conflicts caused cormorants to be a priority with agencies responsible for their management, resulting in development of policy to facilitate addressing stakeholder concerns. Subsequent research and management in regard to cormorant issues have been subject to considerable challenges and debate. In this feature, we discuss the primary resource damage issues associated with cormorants, management efforts and outcomes, what we have learned, and the future with regard to cormorant management.
Two-Way Trap and Haul as a Conservation Strategy for Anadromous Salmonids
Authors: Lusardi Robert A. , Moyle Peter B. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Dams are ubiquitous in the United States and have disconnected migratory fishes from important historical habitat. Trapping fish and moving them around dams (trap and haul) is a common strategy to manage Pacific coast salmonids. Usually, juveniles or adults are moved in one direction, but there is growing interest in two-way trap and haul (TH2), where both adults and out-migrating juveniles are captured and transported over dams. Despite recent technological advances, no TH2 program is an unequivocal success. Our review indicates that uncertainties associated with TH2 programs exist and include delayed effects from transportation, maintenance of above-dam populations, out-migrant capture efficiency, and the role of hatchery supplementation. Two-way trap and haul programs should (1) clearly define measurable and objective success metrics, such as the 10 we provide; (2) proceed experimentally under an adaptive management framework to determine risk–benefit trade-offs; and (3) be part of comprehensive conservation strategies that consider the entire life cycle of each species. Two-way trap and haul is proposed as a high-priority recovery strategy for Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha populations in California. Our findings indicate that any such TH2 program should proceed with extreme caution.
Accounting for Selectivity Bias and Correlation Across the Sequence From Elevated Blood Pressure to Hypertension Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Gordon-Larsen Penny , Attard Samantha M , Howard Annie Green , Popkin Barry M , Zhang Bing , Du Shufa , Guilkey David K 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
It is unknown whether efforts to reduce hypertension burden in countries with very high prevalence, would be more effective if directed at hypertension diagnosis vs. treatment. Most analyses do not address bias and correlation across the sequence from elevated blood pressure (BP) to hypertension diagnosis and treatment, leading to potentially misleading findings.

METHODS
Using data spanning 18 years of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (n = 18,926; ages 18–75 years), we used an innovative 3-step, integrated system of equations to predict the sequence from: (i) elevated BP (systolic/diastolic BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg) to (ii) diagnosed hypertension conditional on elevated BP, and to (iii) treatment (medication use) conditional on diagnosis, accounting for measured and unmeasured individual- and community-level confounders at each of the 3 steps. We compared results to separate traditional logistic regression models without control for unmeasured confounding.

RESULTS
Using our 3-step model, elevated BP increased from 12.6% and 8.5% (1991) to 36.8% and 29% (2009) in men and women, respectively, but diagnosis remained under 50%. We found widening disparities in hypertension diagnosis (higher hypertension at lower vs. higher education (difference of 2% in 1991 that widened to 5% in 2009)) and narrowing disparities in education (difference of 6% in 1991 to 4% in 2009) and insurance status (difference of 7% in 1991 to 2% in 2009) for treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
Our 3-step model improved model fit over traditionally used models. Our findings highlight serious barriers to hypertension diagnosis in Chinese adults, particularly among men and individuals of low attained education.
NavMol 3.0: enabling the representation of metabolic reactions by blind users
Authors: Binev Yuri , Peixoto Daniela , Pereira Florbela , Rodrigues Ian , Cavaco Sofia , Lobo Ana M , Aires-de-Sousa João 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Summary
The representation of metabolic reactions strongly relies on visualization, which is a major barrier for blind users. The NavMol software renders the communication and interpretation of molecular structures and reactions accessible by integrating chemoinformatics and assistive technology. NavMol 3.0 provides a molecular editor for metabolic reactions. The user can start with templates of reactions and build from such cores. Atom-to-atom mapping enables changes in the reactants to be reflected in the products (and vice-versa) and the reaction centres to be automatically identified. Blind users can easily interact with the software using the keyboard and text-to-speech technology.

Availability and implementation
NavMol 3.0 is free and open source under the GNU general public license (GPLv3), and can be downloaded at http://sourceforge.net/projects/navmol as a JAR file.
The formation of massive molecular filaments and massive stars triggered by a magnetohydrodynamic shock wave
Authors: Inoue Tsuyoshi , Hennebelle Patrick , Fukui Yasuo , Matsumoto Tomoaki , Iwasaki Kazunari , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Recent observations suggest an that intensive molecular cloud collision can trigger massive star/cluster formation. The most important physical process caused by the collision is a shock compression. In this paper, the influence of a shock wave on the evolution of a molecular cloud is studied numerically by using isothermal magnetohydrodynamics simulations with the effect of self-gravity. Adaptive mesh refinement and sink particle techniques are used to follow the long-time evolution of the shocked cloud. We find that the shock compression of a turbulent inhomogeneous molecular cloud creates massive filaments, which lie perpendicularly to the background magnetic field, as we have pointed out in a previous paper. The massive filament shows global collapse along the filament, which feeds a sink particle located at the collapse center. We observe a high accretion rate $\dot{M}_{\rm acc}&gt; 10^{-4}\, M_{\odot }\:$yr−1 that is high enough to allow the formation of even O-type stars. The most massive sink particle achieves M &gt; 50 M$_{\odot }$ in a few times 105 yr after the onset of the filament collapse.
Impact of Public Reporting of 30-day Mortality on Timing of Death after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Hua May , Scales Damon C. , Cooper Zara , Pinto Ruxandra , Moitra Vivek , Wunsch Hannah 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Recent reports have raised concerns that public reporting of 30-day mortality after cardiac surgery may delay decisions to withdraw life-sustaining therapies for some patients. The authors sought to examine whether timing of mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery significantly increases after day 30 in Massachusetts, a state that reports 30-day mortality. The authors used New York as a comparator state, which reports combined 30-day and all in-hospital mortality, irrespective of time since surgery.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery in hospitals in Massachusetts and New York between 2008 and 2013. The authors calculated the empiric daily hazard of in-hospital death without censoring on hospital discharge, and they used joinpoint regression to identify significant changes in the daily hazard over time.

Results
In Massachusetts and New York, 24,864 and 63,323 patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery, respectively. In-hospital mortality was low, with 524 deaths (2.1%) in Massachusetts and 1,398 (2.2%) in New York. Joinpoint regression did not identify a change in the daily hazard of in-hospital death at day 30 or 31 in either state; significant joinpoints were identified on day 10 (95% CI, 7 to 15) for Massachusetts and days 2 (95% CI, 2 to 3) and 12 (95% CI, 8 to 15) for New York.

Conclusions
: In Massachusetts, a state with a long history of publicly reporting cardiac surgery outcomes at day 30, the authors found no evidence of increased mortality occurring immediately after day 30 for patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. These findings suggest that delays in withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy do not routinely occur as an unintended consequence of this type of public reporting.
Impact of Missing Physiologic Data on Performance of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 Risk-Prediction Model*
Authors: Engerström Lars , Nolin Thomas , Mårdh Caroline , Sjöberg Folke , Karlström Göran , Fredrikson Mats , Walther Sten M. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
The Simplified Acute Physiology 3 outcome prediction model has a narrow time window for recording physiologic measurements. Our objective was to examine the prevalence and impact of missing physiologic data on the Simplified Acute Physiology 3 model’s performance.

Design:
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

Setting:
Sixty-three ICUs in the Swedish Intensive Care Registry.

Patients:
Patients admitted during 2011–2014 (n = 107,310).

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Model performance was analyzed using the area under the receiver operating curve, scaled Brier’s score, and standardized mortality rate. We used a recalibrated Simplified Acute Physiology 3 model and examined model performance in the original dataset and in a dataset of complete records where missing data were generated (simulated dataset). One or more data were missing in 40.9% of the admissions, more common in survivors and low-risk admissions than in nonsurvivors and high-risk admissions. Discrimination did not decrease with one to two missing variables, but accuracy was highest with no missing data. Calibration was best in the original dataset with a mix of full records and records with some missing values (area under the receiver operating curve was 0.85, scaled Brier 27%, and standardized mortality rate 0.99). With zero, one, and two data missing, the scaled Brier was 31%, 26%, and 21%; area under the receiver operating curve was 0.84, 0.87, and 0.89; and standardized mortality rate was 0.92, 1.05 and 1.10, respectively. Datasets where the missing data were simulated for oxygenation or oxygenation and hydrogen ion concentration together performed worse than datasets with these data originally missing.

Conclusions:
There is a coupling between missing physiologic data, admission type, low risk, and survival. Increased loss of physiologic data reduced model performance and will deflate mortality risk, resulting in falsely high standardized mortality rates.
Myoelectric versus Body-Powered Upper-Limb Prostheses: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Uellendahl Jack 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
The major considerations in upper-limb prosthetic rehabilitation can be characterized as cosmesis, comfort, and control. Although these proceedings were focused largely on control, this single consideration must not occur at the exclusion of the other two. The indications, benefits, contraindications, and drawbacks associated with the major control variants of myoelectric, body-powered, and hybrid prostheses will be discussed from the perspective of the clinical prosthetist. Although centered on the care of the individual with unilateral transradial amputation, considerations in the management for more proximal amputations levels will be presented. In addition, those obstacles that may interfere with the procurement of the most appropriate control option are presented.