bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opposing Extremes of Zygomatic Bone Morphology: Australopithecus Boisei versus Homo Neanderthalensis
Authors: Rak Yoel , Marom Assaf 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe lateral margin of the zygomatic bone of Australopithecus boisei flares both anteriorly and laterally. As a result, the bone loses the suspensory bracing of the facial frame and is transformed into a visor‐like structure that supports itself and gains its rigidity from its shape. The coronally oriented bony plates and the outline of the facial mask help the A. boisei face resist the effect of the visor‐like structure, which tends to pull the bone plates of the face away from the midline. On the other hand, the nearly sagittal orientation of the zygomatic bone in Homo neanderthalensis helps the face resist torque and bending forces, which themselves stem from the positioning of the bite point on the anterior teeth. Although the zygomatic bones of these two taxa are highly specialized, they differ fundamentally from each other. Anat Rec, 300:152–159, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antiobesity efficacy of GLP‐1 receptor agonist liraglutide is associated with peripheral tissue‐specific modulation of lipid metabolic regulators
Authors: Decara Juan , Arrabal Sergio , Beiroa Daniel , Rivera Patricia , Vargas Antonio , Serrano Antonia , Pavón Francisco Javier , Ballesteros Joan , Dieguez Carlos , Nogueiras Rubén , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando , Suárez Juan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTo investigate the role of glucagon‐like‐peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) in peripheral lipid metabolism. Both lean and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity (DIO) rats were used to compare the peripheral effects of the subcutaneous and repeated administration of the GLP‐1R agonist liraglutide on the expression of key regulators involved in lipid metabolism, β‐oxidation and thermogenesis in liver, abdominal muscle, and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). We observed that liraglutide reduced caloric intake, body weight, and plasma levels of triglycerides and VLDL in a diet‐independent manner. However, changes in liver fat content and the expression of lipid metabolism regulators were produced in a diet and tissue‐dependent manner. In lean rats, liraglutide increased the gene/protein expression of elements involved in lipogenesis (ChREBP,Acaca/ACC,Fasn/FAS,Scd1/SCD1, PPARα/γ), β‐oxidation (CPT1b), and thermogenesis (Cox4i1,Ucp1/UCP1) in eWAT and muscle, which suggest an increase in fatty‐acid flux and utilization to activate energy expenditure. Regarding DIO rats, the specific reduction of liver lipid content by liraglutide was associated with a decreased expression of main elements involved in lipogenesis (phospho‐ACC), peroxisomal β‐oxidation (ACOX1), and lipid flux/storage (Pparγ/PPARγ) in liver, which suggest a recovery of lipid homeostasis. Interestingly, the muscle of DIO rats treated with liraglutide showed a decreased expression of PPARγ and the thermogenic factor UCP1. These results help us to better understand the peripheral mechanisms regulating lipid metabolism that underlay the effectiveness of GLP‐1 analogues for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):600–611, 2016
Genistein regulates tumor microenvironment and exhibits anticancer effect in dimethyl hydrazine‐induced experimental colon carcinogenesis
Authors: Sekar Vasudevan , Anandasadagopan Suresh Kumar , Ganapasam Sudhandiran 
Published: December 2016

Abstract.Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality, worldwide. Cancer stem cells are attractive targets for therapeutic interventions since their abnormal growth may trigger tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence. Colon cancer in rats were induced with 1, 2‐dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) and treated with genistein, an isoflavone rich in the soy food products, which also possesses various biological activities. Genistein treatment regulates enzymatic and non‐enzymatic anti‐oxidants in the DMH‐induced colonic tissue microenvironment. Alcian blue staining in colonic tissue reveals that mucin secretion was found to be depleted in DMH‐induced group of animals. The alterations were normalized in the genistein‐treated groups. Also, the mast cell population and collagen deposition were reduced as compared to induced group. Genistein treatment reduces the prognostic marker Argyrophilic nuclear organizer region (AgNOR) and proliferating cell nucleolar antigen (PCNA) in DMH‐induced group of rats. DMH administration induces oxidative stress, whereas genistein activates nuclear factor‐erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) and its downstream target hemoxygenase‐1 (HO‐1). Colonic stem cell marker protein CD133, CD44, and β‐catenin expressions were found to be increased in DMH‐induced group of animals as compared to control group of rats. Genistein treatment suppressed the expression of these stem cell markers suggesting rapid dysfunctional activation and proliferation of colonic stem cell‐induced by DMH. The results of this study indicate that genistein administration in rats restored the colonic niche that was damaged by DMH and inhibits colon cancer progression. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):623–637, 2016
Upregulation of rat liver PPARα‐FGF21 signaling by a docosahexaenoic acid and thyroid hormone combined protocol
Authors: Videla Luis A. , Fernández Virginia , Vargas Romina , Cornejo Pamela , Tapia Gladys , Varela Nelson , Valenzuela Rodrigo , Arenas Allan , Fernández Javier , Hernández‐Rodas María C. , Riquelme Bárbara 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPrevention of ischemia‐reperfusion liver injury is achieved by a combined omega‐3 and thyroid hormone (T3) protocol, which may involve peroxisome‐proliferator activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α)‐fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) signaling supporting energy requirements. Combined docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; daily doses of 300 mg/kg for 3 days) plus 0.05 mg T3/kg given to fed rats elicited higher hepatic DHA contents and serum T3 levels, increased PPAR‐α mRNA and its DNA binding, with higher mRNA expression of the PPAR‐α target genes for carnitine‐palmitoyl transferase 1α, acyl‐CoA oxidase, and 3‐hydroxyl‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase 2, effects that were mimicked by 0.1 mg T3/kg given alone or by the PPAR‐α agonist WY‐14632. Under these conditions, the mRNA expression of retinoic X receptor‐α (RXR‐α) is also increased, with concomitant elevation of the hepatic mRNA and protein FGF21 levels and those of serum FGF21. It is concluded that PPAR‐α‐FGF21 induction by DHA combined with T3 may involve ligand activation of PPAR‐α by DHA and enhanced expression of PPAR‐α by T3, with consequent upregulation of the FGF21 that is controlled by PPAR‐α. Considering the beneficial effects of PPAR‐α‐FGF21 signaling on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, further investigations are required to clarify its potential therapeutic applications in human metabolic disorders. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):638–646, 2016
Taurine protects cisplatin induced cardiotoxicity by modulating inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses
Authors: Chowdhury Sayantani , Sinha Krishnendu , Banerjee Sharmistha , Sil Parames C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOxidative stress, ER stress, inflammation, and apoptosis results in the pathogenesis of cisplatin‐induced cardiotoxicity. The present study was designed to investigate the signaling mechanisms involved in the ameliorating effect of taurine, a conditionally essential amino acid, against cisplatin‐mediated cardiac ER stress dependent apoptotic death and inflammation. Mice were simultaneously treated with taurine (150 mg kg−1 body wt, i.p.) and cisplatin (10 mg kg−1 body wt, i.p.) for a week. Cisplatin exposure significantly altered serum creatine kinase and troponin T levels. In addition, histological studies revealed disintegration in the normal radiation pattern of cardiac muscle fibers. However, taurine administration could abate such adverse effects of cisplatin. Taurine administration significantly mitigated the reactive oxygen species production, alleviated the overexpression of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), and inhibited the elevation of proinflammatoy cytokines, adhesion molecules, and chemokines. Cisplatin exposure resulted in the unfolded protein response (UPR)‐regulated CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CHOP) up‐regulation, induction of GRP78: a marker of ER stress and eIF2α signaling. Increase in calpain‐1 expression level, activation of caspase‐12 and caspase‐3, cleavage of the PARP protein as well as the inhibition of antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2 were reflected on cisplatin‐triggered apoptosis. Taurine could, however, combat against such cisplatin induced cardiac‐abnormalities. The above mentioned findings suggest that taurine plays a beneficial role in providing protection against cisplatin‐induced cardiac damage by modulating inflammatory responses and ER stress. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):647–664, 2016
Curcumin and insulin resistance—Molecular targets and clinical evidences
Authors: Jiménez‐Osorio Angélica Saraí , Monroy Adriana , Alavez Silvestre 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCurcumin ((1E,6E)−1,7‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene‐3,5‐dione), the main component of the Indian spice turmeric, has been used in traditional medicine to improve diabetes and its comorbidities. Since the last two decades, scientific research has shown that in addition to its antioxidant properties, curcumin could also work as protein homeostasis regulator and it is able to modulate other intracellular pathways. Curcumin supplementation has been proposed to improve insulin resistance (IR) through the activation of the insulin receptor and its downstream pathways in several experimental models, pointing out that its clinical use may be a good and innocuous strategy to improve IR‐related diseases. IR is associated with many diseases and syndromes like carbohydrate intolerance, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is imperative to identify safe therapeutic interventions aimed to reduce side effects that could lead the patient to leave the treatment. To date, many clinical trials have been carried out using turmeric and curcumin to improve metabolic syndrome, carbohydrate intolerance, diabetes, and obesity in individuals with IR. Results so far are inconclusive because dose, time of treatment, and type of curcumin can change the study outcome significantly. However, there is some clinical evidence suggesting a beneficial effect of curcumin on IR. In this review, we discuss the factors that could influence curcumin effects in clinical trials aimed to improve IR and related diseases, and the conclusions that can be drawn from results obtained so far. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):561–580, 2016
Methyl gallate, a potent antioxidant inhibits mouse and human adipocyte differentiation and oxidative stress in adipocytes through impairment of mitotic clonal expansion
Authors: Rahman Naimur , Jeon Miso , Kim Yong‐Sik 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMethyl gallate (MG) is a derivative of gallic acid and a potent antioxidant. In this study, we confirmed that MG treatment effectively inhibits lipid accumulation, which occurred mostly in the early stages of adipogenesis. We also showed that shortly after adipogenic induction, MG facilitated a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Mechanistic studies revealed that MG treatment inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which is a key regulator of the G1‐ to S‐phase transition. Furthermore, MG treatment prevented the adipogenic hormonal stimuli‐induced inhibition of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1. This led to inhibition of the transcription factor E2F1 by preventing the phosphorylation of, and thereby activation of its destruction partner RB. MG treatment also downregulated factors that are upstream of RB‐E2F1 signaling such as Cdk2, Cyclin E, Cdk4, and Cyclin D1 where Cyclin D3 level was unaffected. We also found that MG treatment markedly decreased the expression and phosphorylation of C/EBPβ, by phosphorylating, and therefore inactivating, GSK3β, which is a prerequisite for its DNA binding capacity, and thereby mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). Ultimately, MG treatment downregulates key terminal adipogenic transcription factors including C/EBPα, PPARγ, aP2 (Fabp4), and adiponectin. Moreover, MG also protects adipocytes from oxidative stress by alleviating intracellular reactive oxygen species and activating Nrf2, HO‐1, and PRDX3. Thus, this study provides a mechanistic insight into the anti‐adipogenic actions of MG. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):716–726, 2016
Dietary flavonoid luteolin attenuates uropathogenic Escherichia. Coli invasion of the urinary bladder
Authors: Shen Xiao‐Fei , Teng Yan , Sha Kai‐Hui , Wang Xin‐Yuan , Yang Xiao‐Long , Guo Xiao‐Juan , Ren Lai‐Bin , Wang Xiao‐Ying , Li Jingyu , Huang Ning 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the primary uropathogen, adhere to and invade bladder epithelial cells (BECs) to establish a successful urinary tract infection (UTI). Emerging antibiotic resistance requires novel nonantibiotic strategies. Our previous study indicated that luteolin attenuated adhesive and invasive abilities as well as cytotoxicity of UPEC on T24 BECs through down‐regulating UPEC virulence factors. The aims of this study were to investigate the possible function of the flavonoid luteolin and the mechanisms by which luteolin functions in UPEC‐induced bladder infection. Firstly, obvious reduction of UPEC invasion but not adhesion were observed in luteolin‐pretreated 5637 and T24 BECs sa well as mice bladder via colony counting. The luteolin‐mediated suppression of UPEC invasion was linked to elevated levels of intracellular cAMP induced by inhibiting the activity of cAMP‐phosphodiesterases (cAMP‐PDEs), which resulting activation of protein kinase A, thereby negatively regulating Rac1‐GTPase‐mediated actin polymerization. Furthermore, p38 MAPK was primarily and ERK1/2 was partially involved in luteolin‐mediated suppression of UPEC invasion and actin polymerization, as confirmed with chemical activators of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2. These data suggest that luteolin can protect bladder epithelial cells against UPEC invasion. Therefore, luteolin or luteolin‐rich products as dietary supplement may be beneficial to control the UPEC‐related bladder infections, and cAMP‐PDEs may be a therapy target for UTIs treatment. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):674–685, 2016
From Records to Things: Managing the Transition from Legacy Library Metadata to Linked Data
Authors: Godby Carol Jean , Smith‐Yoshimura Karen 
Published: December 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYA basic requirement for linked data is that records include structured and clear data about topics of interest or searched Things, formatted in ways that allow linking to other data. While linked data presents great potential for the library community, libraries' existing digital knowledge is largely inaccessible, stuck in the increasingly obsolete MARC format, readable only by humans and certain library systems. To maximize the value of linked data using library content, important entities and relationships must be defined and made available, codings that are machine understandable must be adapted for linked data purposes, and persistent identifiers must be substituted for text. The Virtual International Authority File aggregates identifiers published by numerous sources in a variety of domains and languages to help produce a linked data collection of information on given topics, making possible rich linked data that is machine readable and presented in the user's language. Since 1994 the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) has worked toward cost effective uniformity of library standards. The PCC's ultimate goal is to transition from MARC to linked data through widespread adoption of standards and best practices by the library community.
Standards for Archives
Authors: Boyd Morag 
Published: December 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYFormal standards and professional practices characterize modern archival administration, increasing consistent archival description and interoperable metadata as well as the authenticity and reliability of the archives themselves. The International Council of Archives' General International Standard Archival Description identifies 26 data elements to describe archives, being extended for the semantic web. Archives in the United States follow three sets of archival description standards. Describing Archives: A Content Standard, 2nd Edition (DACS), used together with the other standards and with MARC, describes archival materials and authority records about material creators. It stresses principles for arrangement, order and hierarchical organization. The Encoded Archival Description (EAD) contains elements to describe archival materials and interrelationships. Like DACS, it stresses respect de fonds, keeping records together in original order. Encoded Archival Context‐Corporate Bodies, Persons, and Families (EAC‐CPF) describes information about people and organizations reflected in an archive. It was adopted by the Society of American Archivists in 2011 and has been used to derive 6.6 million EAC‐CPF records from EAD finding aids and authority records. Archival descriptions are complex and unique. Using standardized and required descriptive elements and special search interfaces would maximize the advantage of EAD encoding and extend opportunities for data sharing between institutions.
Practical Application of the Dublin Core Standard for Enterprise Metadata Management
Authors: Mathieu Camille 
Published: December 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYLarge organizations relying heavily on knowledge work require effective capture and reuse of information, enabled through consistent use of standardized enterprise content metadata. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has undertaken a standardization effort, building an internal content schema based on established metadata field standards that are content‐ and application‐agnostic but locally customizable for application to a broad variety of repositories. The JPL adopted the Dublin Core standard, with its Simple and Qualified properties as well as further refined Custom sub‐properties. The JPL Resource Schema serves as an enterprise‐wide metadata standard, while specific application profiles state the available fields and field labels for each repository or content management system. The schema's terms are drawn from two distinct but semantically related vocabularies and linked by an intermediary registry tying granular listings for specific applications to enterprise‐level terms. The registry mappings permit the use of both local metadata and higher level or external systems. The effort has demonstrated the importance of consistent application of both granular and general metadata for information capture and revealed important lessons about adopting the Dublin Core standard in a large enterprise setting.
The IA You See When You Can't Read the Language
Authors: Creekmore Laura 
Published: December 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYA trip to Mexico and being surrounded by airport signs in Spanish highlighted the importance of the information architecture of travel for the author. Indicators of airport terminals, trains and trams were less than clear for those with limited language skills. Airport arrivals and departures were not designated or organized in familiar ways. Using one's own phone on another country's network was complicated. The confusing differences created stress, forced decision making despite uncertainty, and prompted a desire to hide ignorance with a confident appearance. Emotion became a significant factor navigating through the unfamiliar environment of both textual and nontextual cues. Information architects should be mindful of the information they present verbally and graphically and consider the potential for confusion and emotion interfering with their message.
The Center for Research Data and Digital Scholarship at the University of Colorado‐Boulder
Authors: Knuth Shelley L. , Johnson Andrew , Lindquist Thea , Weiss Debra , Hamrick Deborah , Hauser Thomas , Reynolds Leslie 
Published: December 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYThe University of Colorado‐Boulder expanded its digital services through the 2016 opening of its Center for Research Data and Digital Scholarship (CRDDS), a collaboration between the libraries and research computing. The aim is to provide a full range of data services, from analytics and visualization through curation, storage and preservation, in addition to education and consultation for both university and community members. Increased data discovery, reuse, access and publication are expected to be among the several advantages to this collaborative effort. The CRDDS will focus on promoting research data management mandated by federal funding agencies and journal publishers, cyberinfrastructure to gain full benefit from big data, education and training through courses and online modules, and digital scholarship to explore tools and methods used throughout the life cycle of a digital project. CRDDS plans to create a seminar and consulting space within the library in addition to digital outreach.
Outcome after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Asian breast cancer patients
Authors: Lim Li Yan , Miao Hui , Lim Joline S. J. , Lee Soo Chin , Bhoo‐Pathy Nirmala , Yip Cheng Har , Taib Nur Aishah B. M. , Chan Patrick , Tan Ern Yu , Lim Swee Ho , Lim Geok Hoon , Woo Evan , Tan Yia Swam , Lee Jung Ah , Wong Mabel , Tan Puay Hoon , Ong Kong Wee , Wong Fuh Yong , Yap Yoon Sim , Hartman Mikael 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe aim to identify clinicopathologic predictors for response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to evaluate the prognostic value of pathologic complete response (pCR) on survival in Asia. This study included 915 breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy at five public hospitals in Singapore and Malaysia. pCR following neoadjuvant chemotherapy was defined as 1) no residual invasive tumor cells in the breast (ypT0/is) and 2) no residual invasive tumor cells in the breast and axillary lymph nodes (ypT0/is ypN0). Association between pCR and clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment were evaluated using chi‐square test and multivariable logistic regression. Kaplan–Meier analysis and log‐rank test, stratified by other prognostic factors, were conducted to compare overall survival between patients who achieved pCR and patients who did not. Overall, 4.4% of nonmetastatic patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The median age of preoperatively treated patients was 50 years. pCR rates were 18.1% (pCR ypT0/is) and 14.4% (pCR ypT0/is ypN0), respectively. pCR rate was the highest among women who had higher grade, smaller size, estrogen receptor negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive disease or receiving taxane‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients who achieved pCR had better overall survival than those who did not. In subgroup analysis, the survival advantage was only significant among women with estrogen receptor‐negative tumors. Patients with poor prognostic profile are more likely to achieve pCR and particularly when receiving taxane‐containing chemotherapy. pCR is a significant prognostic factor for overall survival especially in estrogen receptor‐negative breast cancers.