bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Hip Arthroscopy Provide Meaningful Outcome Improvement for Adolescent Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Nwachukwu Benedict Uchenna , Chang Brenda , Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Fields Kara G. , Nawabi Danyal H. , Kelly Bryan T. , Ranawat Anil S. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives: Arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) produces meaningful outcome improvement in adults. Hip arthroscopy for pediatric FAI is now established as a safe procedure however there is a paucity of evidence reporting on outcome improvement after arthroscopic treatment of FAI in this population. Methods: A prospective institutional hip preservation registry was reviewed to identify hip arthroscopies performed for pediatric FAI. Patients with pre-existing hip conditions such as slipped capital femoral epiphysis and Legg-Calve-Perthese were excluded. Included patients were 18 years and younger. The modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), the Hip Outcome Score (HOS) and the international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-33) are routinely collected as part of the registry. Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated using a distribution based method and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) was calculated using the an anchor question. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with area under the curve was used. AUC > 0.7 was considered significantly predictive. Results: Forty-seven children and adolescents were identified. The majority of patients were female (N=32, 68.1%) with a mean age of 16.5 (+ 1.1) years. The MCID (% achieving) for the mHHS, HOS activities of daily living (ADL), HOS Sport and iHOT-33 was 9.5 (85%), 9.8 (79%), 12.1 (85%) and 10.7 (94%) respectively. MCID values on these outcome tools were comparable to adult patients within the registry however for each outcome measure pediatric patients were more likely to achieve MCID. In univariate analysis acetabular version was the only predictive variable for achieving MCID in pediatric FAI (p<0.05). The majority of children (91%) reported improved physical ability based on the anchor question and 53% (compared to 40% in adult registry patients) were classified as achieving SCB. The following one-year raw outcome scores were significantly predictive of SCB on the mHHS, HOS ADL, HOS Sport and mHHS respectively (AUC): 93.5 (0.79), 98.5 (0.84), 96.9 (0.81), 85.9 (0.76). These pediatric SCB values were all higher than SCB values for adult registry patients (82.5, 93.3, 84.4, 63.5 respectively) Conclusion: Pediatric patients undergoing arthroscopic FAI treatment can achieve meaningful outcome improvement and compared to adults, a larger proportion of children achieve meaningful outcome improvement. Additionally, while MCID values are comparable in children and adults, children appear to require substantially higher overall post-operative scores to perceive SCB. These findings highlight that commonly administered adult FAI outcome tools may have a relative ceiling effect in capturing outcome after treatment of pediatric FAI.
Internal and External Rotation Stabilizers of the Knee with Intact Cruciate and Collateral Ligaments
Authors: Vap Alexander R. , Schon Jason M. , Moatshe Gilbert , Cruz Raphael , Brady Alex , Turnbull Travis L. , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of sequentially cutting the posterolateral, anterolateral, posteromedial and anteromedial structures of the knee on rotational kinematics in the setting of intact cruciate and collateral ligaments. It was hypothesized that cutting of the iliotibial band (ITB), anterolateral ligament and lateral capsule (ALL/LC), the posterior oblique ligament (POL), and the posteromedial capsule (PMC) would significantly increase internal rotation and that the anteromedial capsule (AMC), and the popliteus tendon and popliteofibular ligament (PLT/PFL) when sectioned would lead to a significant increase in external rotation of the knee. Methods: Ten pairs ( n = 20) of cadaveric knees were assigned to two sequential cutting groups (posterolateral-to-posteromedial and posteromedial-to-posterolateral). Specimen were subjected to 5 N-m of internal and external rotation torque at knee flexion angles 0° through 90° in the intact and after each cut state. Rotational changes were measured and compared to the intact and previous states following each cut. Results: Sectioning of the ITB significantly increased internal rotation at 60° and 90° by 5.4° and 6.2[[Unsupported Character - Codename ­]]°, respectively (after ALL/LC cut) and 3.5° and 3.8° (prior to ALL/LC cut) ( Figure 1 ). At 60° and 90°, section of the ALL/LC produced significant increases in internal rotation of 3.1[[Unsupported Character - Codename ­]]° and 3.5°, respectively (after ITB cut) and of 0.5° (prior to ITB cut) ( Figure 1 ). At 0°, section of the POL produced significant increases in internal rotation of 2.0° (ITB intact) and 1.8° (after ITB cut) ( Figure 1 ). Sectioning the PLT/PFL complex significantly increased external rotation at 60° and 90° by 2.7° and 2.9°, respectively (prior to sectioning medial structures) and 2.2° and 2.7[[Unsupported Character - Codename ­]]°, respectively (after sectioning medial structures) ( Figure 2 ). Sectioning the AMC produced significant increases in external rotation at 30°- 90° of flexion, however the magnitude of change was < 1° ( Figure 2 ). [Figure: see text][Figure: see text] Conclusion: Collectively the anterolateral corner structures had a primary role in internal rotational control of the knee from 60° to 90° of knee flexion. The ITB was the most significant primary stabilizer for internal rotation in ACL intact knees. The POL contributed to internal rotational control at full extension, while the PLT/PFL complex controlled external rotation of the knee at higher flexion angles (60° and 90°). Internal rotation control of the knee has been mainly attributed to the cruciate and collateral ligaments. This study delineates the primary and secondary roles of the ITB, the ALL/LC, POL and PLT/PFL to rotatory stability of the knee. As such, it provides new information about the understanding of rotational instabilities of the knee.
Vitamin B12 deficiency from the perspective of a practicing hematologist
Authors: Green Ralph 
Published: March 2017

AbstractB12 deficiency is the leading cause of megaloblastic anemia, and although more common in the elderly, can occur at any age. Clinical disease caused by B12 deficiency usually connotes severe deficiency, resulting from a failure of the gastric or ileal phase of physiological B12 absorption, best exemplified by the autoimmune disease pernicious anemia. There are many other causes of B12 deficiency, which range from severe to mild. Mild deficiency usually results from failure to render food B12 bioavailable or from dietary inadequacy. Although rarely resulting in megaloblastic anemia, mild deficiency may be associated with neurocognitive and other consequences. B12 deficiency is best diagnosed using a combination of tests because none alone is completely reliable. The features of B12 deficiency are variable and may be atypical. Timely diagnosis is important, and treatment is gratifying. Failure to diagnose B12 deficiency can have dire consequences, usually neurological. This review is written from the perspective of a practicing hematologist.
Mutation of Kinesin-6 Kif20b causes defects in cortical neuron polarization and morphogenesis
Authors: McNeely Katrina C. , Cupp Timothy D. , Little Jessica Neville , Janisch Kerstin M. , Shrestha Ayushma , Dwyer Noelle D. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
How neurons change their cytoskeleton to adopt their complex polarized morphology is still not understood. Growing evidence suggests that proteins that help build microtubule structures during cell division are also involved in building and remodeling the complex cytoskeletons of neurons. Kif20b (previously called MPP1 or Mphosph1) is the most divergent member of the Kinesin-6 family of “mitotic” kinesins that also includes Kif23/MKLP1 and Kif20a/MKLP2. We previously isolated a loss-of-function mouse mutant of Kif20b and showed that it had a thalamocortical axon guidance defect and microcephaly.

Methods
We demonstrate here, using the mouse mutant, that Kif20b is required for neuron morphogenesis in the embryonic neocortex. In vivo and in vitro cortical neurons were labeled and imaged to analyze various aspects of morphogenesis.

Results
Loss of Kif20b disrupts polarization as well as neurite outgrowth, branching and caliber. In vivo, mutant cortical neurons show defects in orientation, and have shorter thinner apical dendrites that branch closer to the cell body. In vitro, without external polarity cues, Kif20b mutant neurons show a strong polarization defect. This may be due in part to loss of the polarity protein Shootin1 from the axonal growth cone. Those mutant neurons that do succeed in polarizing have shorter axons with more branches, and longer minor neurites. These changes in shape are not due to alterations in cell fate or neuron layer type. Surprisingly, both axons and minor neurites of mutant neurons have increased widths and longer growth cone filopodia, which correlate with abnormal microtubule organization. Live analysis of axon extension shows that Kif20b mutant axons display more variable growth with increased retraction.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that Kif20b is required cell-autonomously for proper morphogenesis of cortical pyramidal neurons. Kif20b regulates neuron polarization, and axon and dendrite branching, outgrowth, and caliber. Kif20b protein may act by bundling microtubules into tight arrays and by localizing effectors such as Shootin1. Thus it may help shape neurites, sustain consistent axon growth, and inhibit branching. This work advances our understanding of how neurons regulate their cytoskeleton to build their elaborate shapes. Finally, it suggests that neuronal connectivity defects may be present in some types of microcephaly.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T regulatory cells in tumors: unraveling the dark side of the force
Authors: Hatziioannou Aikaterini , Alissafi Themis , Verginis Panayotis 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Important conceptual advances in tumor immunology over the last years have shifted the paradigm from focusing on the malignant cell to the importance of host immune components in the design of successful immunotherapies. The immune system, through sophisticated innate and adaptive immune surveillance mechanisms, inhibits the growth and establishment of tumors. However, despite immune surveillance, tumors still escape and grow, mainly as a result of endowed tumor-induced immunosuppressive circuits. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are the major components of these regulatory networks that facilitate tumor immune escape and significantly compromise the efficacy of current immunotherapies. A better understanding of the induction, function, and expansion of these powerful regulatory compartments represents a major challenge on the clinical benefit of current treatments and may foster the design of novel cancer immunotherapies.
Socially and Environmentally Responsible Value Chain Innovations: New Operations Management Research Opportunities
Authors: Lee Hau L. , Tang Christopher S. 
Published: March 2017

By examining the state of operations management (OM) research from 1980 to 2015 and by considering three new industry trends, we propose new OM research directions in socially and environmentally responsible value chains that fundamentally expand existing OM research in three dimensions: (a) contexts (emerging and developing economies); (b) objectives (economic, environmental, and social responsibility); and (c) stakeholders (producers, consumers, shareholders, for-profit/nonprofit/social enterprises, governments, and nongovernmental organizations). In this paper, we describe some examples of this new research direction that are intended to stimulate more exciting OM research, to contribute to the economic and social well-being of both developing and developed economies. This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, operations management.
Osseous impingement occurs early in flexion in cam-type femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Fernquest S. , Arnold C. , Palmer A. , Broomfield J. , Denton J. , Taylor A. , Glyn-Jones S. 
Published: March 2017

AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the real time in vivo kinematics of the hip in patients with cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).Patients and MethodsA total of 50 patients (83 hips) underwent 4D dynamic CT scanning of the hip, producing real time osseous models of the pelvis and femur being moved through flexion, adduction, and internal rotation. The location and size of the cam deformity and its relationship to the angle of flexion of the hip and pelvic tilt, and the position of impingement were recorded.ResultsIn these patients with cam-type FAI, there was significant correlation between the alpha angle and flexion to the point of impingement (mean 41.36°; 14.32° to 57.95°) (R = -0.5815 and p = < 0.001). Patients with a large cam deformity (alpha angle > 78°) had significantly less flexion to the point of impingement (mean 36.30°; 14.32° to 55.18°) than patients with a small cam deformity (alpha angle 60° to 78°) (mean 45.34°; 27.25° to 57.95°) (p = < 0.001).ConclusionThis study has shown that cam-type impingement can occur early in flexion (40°), particularly in patients with large anterior deformities. These patients risk chondrolabral damage during routine activities such as walking, and going up stairs. These findings offer important insights into the cause of the symptoms, the mechanisms of screening and the forms of treatment available for these patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(4 Supple B):41–8.
Compliance of Dental Students toward Infection Control in Dental Teaching Hospital at Thamar University – Yemen
Authors: Al-anesi Mokhtar Saleh , Alhajj Mohammed Nasser , Al-Basmi Abdulghani Ali 
Published: March 2017

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice related to gender and study level toward infection control among senior dental students. Materials and Methods: The self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the pre-doctoral dental students (4th and 5th levels) in the Dental Teaching Hospital at Thamar University. It included questions related to vaccinations as well as knowledge and practice toward infection control. The collected data was analyzed using Chi-squared test with significant level P-value < 0.05. Results: Response rate was 63%. Distribution of gender among the participants was almost equal with slight increase in number of male subjects. Participated students from 4th-year level were also close to the number of students from 5th-year level. Hepatitis immunization was completed by only 12.9% male students and 17.3% females with no significant difference. Likewise, no significant difference was found among the participants by study level. More than 90% of participants reported always wearing gloves during dental treatment. Unexpectedly, however, using of other protective barriers was low. More than 90% of students, with no significant difference between genders or study levels, reported sterilizing instruments after each dental procedure. Conclusion: The present study showed that the level of knowledge and practice of infection control measures was poor among dental students. The attitude towards infectious control measures was positive, but a greater compliance was needed. Rigorous infection control training for students prior to graduation is also highly recommended.Keywords: Infection control, Compliance, Dental students, Yemen.
Comparing Mental Illness Stigma among Nurses in Psychiatric and Non-Psychiatric Wards in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Areshtanab Hossein Namdar , Pourabbas Maryam , Dehghan Ahmad , Vahidi Maryam 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Stigma can complicate people’s mental health problems by affecting different sides of personal life, increasing negative attitudes, causing discriminatory behavior towards them, and reducing the chances of recovery and returning to normal life. This research aims to compare the stigma of mental illness among nurses working in psychiatric and non-psychiatric wards in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. A total of 240 nurses participated in this descriptive and analytic study. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill (CAMI) Scale, which is a 40-item self-report questionnaire. All data were analyzed using SPSS 13. The majority of nurses have a medium level of stigma toward people with mental illness, and there is no significant relation between the type of wards and mean stigma scores. After eliminating factors such as mental illness in nurses and their families, it seems that only working with people with mental illness in psychiatric wards is not enough to create a positive attitude toward them. Additionally, the less physical activity and taking advantage of legal benefits of work hardship for psychiatric nurses, low income, and stigma toward psychiatric nursing, probably may make a difference in inclining to work in psychiatry ward between the two groups in spite of relatively equal stigma scores.
Method of Assessment of Hard Rock Workability using Bucket Wheel Excavators
Authors: Machniak Łukasz , Kozioł Wiesław 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A new hypothesis concerning a process of the mining solid rocks using bucket wheel excavators (BWE). Destroying of the rock mass structure is a result of breaking and not, as so far accepted, of cutting. This approach excludes, for the description of solid rock workability using bucket wheel excavators, used classifications based on individual linear or surface resistances of cutting. The possibility of a replacement mechanism for determining of the workability by bucket wheel excavators using rippers was assumed. On this basis, an innovative method for assessing the workability of solid rocks was developed, which is a combination of an derived empirical energy relationship LSE of breaking by tractor rippers from a compressive strength, a seismic wave velocity, a density of solid rock, and the modified classification of workability by bucket wheel excavators according to Bulukbasi (1991). The proposed method allows for multi-parameter assessment of the workability class based on the parameters that are independent variables in the specified dependencies.
Simulation of Laboratory Tests of Steel Arch Support
Authors: Horyl Petr , Šňupárek Richard , Maršálek Pavel , Pacześniowski Krzysztof 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The total load-bearing capacity of steel arch yielding roadways supports is among their most important characteristics. These values can be obtained in two ways: experimental measurements in a specialized laboratory or computer modelling by FEM. Experimental measurements are significantly more expensive and more time-consuming. However, for proper tuning, a computer model is very valuable and can provide the necessary verification by experiment. In the cooperating workplaces of GIG Katowice, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava and the Institute of Geonics ASCR this verification was successful. The present article discusses the conditions and results of this verification for static problems. The output is a tuned computer model, which may be used for other calculations to obtain the load-bearing capacity of other types of steel arch supports. Changes in other parameters such as the material properties of steel, size torques, friction coefficient values etc. can be determined relatively quickly by changing the properties of the investigated steel arch supports.
Nanomaterials as novel supports for the immobilization of amylolytic enzymes and their applications: A review
Authors: Husain Qayyum 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNumerous types of nanoparticles and nanocomposites have successfully been employed for the immobilization and stabilization of amylolytic enzymes; α-amylases, β-amylases, glucoamylases and pullulanases. Nano-support immobilized amylolytic enzymes retained very high activity and yield of immobilization. The immobilization of these enzymes, particularly α-amylases and pullulanases, to the nanosupports is helpful in minimizing the problem of steric hindrances during binding of substrate to the active site of the enzyme. The majority of nano-support immobilized amylolytic enzymes exhibited very high resistance to inactivation induced by different kinds of physical and chemical denaturants and these immobilized enzyme preparations maintained very high activity on their repeated and continuous uses. Amylolytic enzymes immobilized on nano-supports have successfully been applied in food, fuel, textile, paper and pulp, detergent, environmental, medical, and analytical fields.
Laboratory testing in the emergency department: an Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology (SIBioC) and Academy of Emergency Medicine and Care (AcEMC) consensus report
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Panteghini Mauro , Bernardini Sergio , Bonfanti Laura , Carraro Paolo , Casagranda Ivo , Cavazza Mario , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Ciaccio Marcello , Coen Daniele , Giavarina Davide , Giostra Fabrizio , Paolillo Ciro , Plebani Mario , Ricci Giorgio , Cervellin Gianfranco 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground:The mainstay of patient-oriented laboratory testing in emergency settings entails selecting a number and the type of tests according to valid criteria of appropriateness. Since the pattern of urgent tests requesting is variable across different institutions, we designed a joined survey between the Academy of Emergency Medicine and Care (AcEMC) and the Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology (SIBioC) for reaching tentative consensus about the most informative diagnostic tests in emergency settings.Methods:A survey, containing the most commonly ordered urgent laboratory tests and the relative clinical indications, was disseminated to eight relevant members of AcEMC and eight relevant members of SIBioC. All contributors were asked to provide numerical scores for the different laboratory parameters, where 1 indicated “strongly recommended”, 2 “recommended in specific circumstances”, and 3 “strongly discouraged”. The mean results of the survey were presented as the mean of responders’ values, and the parameters were finally classified as “strongly recommended” (mean value, 1.00–1.49), “weakly recommended” (mean value, 1.50–1.99), “discouraged” (mean value, 2.00–2.49) and “strongly discouraged” (mean value, 2.50–3.00).Results:The results of the survey allowed defining a hierarchy of priority, wherein 24 tests were “strongly recommended”. The use of five common tests was instead “strongly discouraged”. For 16 additional parameters in the list, the consensus ranged between “weakly recommended” and “discouraged”.Conclusions:We hope that results presented in this joint AcEMC-SIBioC consensus document may help harmonizing panel of tests and requesting patterns in emergency setting, at least at a national level.