bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depolymerizable Enzymatic Cascade Nanoreactor for Self‐Enhancing Targeting Synergistic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Song Luming , Zhao Qinfu , Feng Shuaipeng , He Ye , Li Yian , Wang Siling , Zhang Jinghai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTraditional targeting strategies require nanoparticles (NPs) to penetrate the vascular wall to bind tumor cell surface receptors, resulting in a small proportion of drugs that achieve targeting delivery. Based on this, a novel design of self‐enhancing targeting to tumor vascular sites has been proposed and needs to meet two preconditions: 1) It can efficiently bind to P‐selectin overexpressed by activated tumor vascular endothelial cells. 2) It can release reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the tumor site and activate resting vascular endothelial cells, thus providing more targets for subsequent preparations. Besides, to overcome the limited penetration of the tumor site, a variable‐size system needs to be designed. Red light carbon dots nanozyme (Fe(III)‐CDs) and glucose oxidase (GOx) are combined to form the enzymatic cascade nanoreactor FG. As a natural ligand of P‐selectin, fucoidan (Fu) is coated on the surface of L‐arginine‐composite FG to obtain FGA@Fu. It is demonstrated that FGA@Fu can realize weak acid/photothermal responsive depolymerization to enhance the penetration to tumors with controlled ROS release. Inspiringly, FGA@Fu can achieve “targeting‐activation‐(self‐enhanced targeting)” to tumor vasculature with good fluorescence tracking. In vivo anti‐tumor experiments showed that FGA@Fu has excellent cascade enzyme catalysis/gas/photothermal combination therapy effect and strong inhibition of tumor metastasis.
Open‐Source Throttling of CD8+ T Cells in Brain with Low‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound‐Guided Sequential Delivery of CXCL10, IL‐2, and aPD‐L1 for Glioblastoma Immunotherapy
Authors: Dong Lei , Zhu Yini , Zhang Haoge , Gao Lin , Zhang Zhiqi , Xu Xiaoxuan , Ying Leqian , Zhang Lu , Li Yue , Yun Zhengcheng , Zhu Danqi , Han Chang , Xu Tingting , Yang Hui , Ju Shenghong , Chen Xiaoyuan , Zhang Haijun , Xie Jinbing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractImproving clinical immunotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM) relies on addressing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Enhancing CD8+ T cell infiltration and preventing its exhaustion holds promise for effective GBM immunotherapy. Here, a low‐intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU)‐guided sequential delivery strategy is developed to enhance CD8+ T cells infiltration and activity in the GBM region. The sequential delivery of CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) to recruit CD8+ T cells and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) to reduce their exhaustion is termed an “open‐source throttling” strategy. Consequently, up to 3.39‐fold of CD8+ T cells are observed with LIFU‐guided sequential delivery of CXCL10, IL‐2, and anti‐programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (aPD‐L1), compared to the free aPD‐L1 group. The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapeutic efficacy is substantially enhanced by the reversed immunosuppressive TME due to the expansion of CD8+ T cells, resulting in the elimination of tumor, prolonged survival time, and long‐term immune memory establishment in orthotopic GBM mice. Overall, LIFU‐guided sequential cytokine and ICIs delivery offers an “open‐source throttling” strategy of CD8+ T cells, which may present a promising strategy for brain‐tumor immunotherapy.
Nano‐ and Micro‐Platforms in Therapeutic Proteins Delivery for Cancer Therapy: Materials and Strategies
Authors: Han Huijie , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProteins have emerged as promising therapeutics in oncology due to their great specificity. Many treatment strategies are developed based on protein biologics, such as immunotherapy, starvation therapy, and pro‐apoptosis therapy, while some protein biologics have entered the clinics. However, clinical translation is severely impeded by instability, short circulation time, poor transmembrane transportation, and immunogenicity. Micro‐ and nano‐particles‐based drug delivery platforms are designed to solve those problems and enhance protein therapeutic efficacy. This review first summarizes the different types of therapeutic proteins in clinical and research stages, highlighting their administration limitations. Next, various types of micro‐ and nano‐particles are described to demonstrate how they can overcome those limitations. The potential of micro‐ and nano‐particles are then explored to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of proteins by combinational therapies. Finally, the challenges and future directions of protein biologics carriers are discussed for optimized protein delivery.
Photoinduced Radical Borylation of Robust Carbon–Heteroatom Bonds
Authors: Tian Ya‐Ming , Pu Xiang , Sánchez Alejandro Heredero , Silva Wagner , Gschwind Ruth M. , König Burkhard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotoinduced borylation has emerged as a valuable strategy for synthesizing arylboronic esters. However, photochemical transformations involving inert bonds such as C(sp2)−F bonds are still challenging. Herein, we report a straightforward and operationally simple method for the activation of various inert carbon–heteroatom bonds, enabling the synthesis of diverse arylboronic esters without the need for transition metals or catalysts. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the deprotonation of DMSO plays a pivotal role in the reaction, and the excited DMSO anion can undergo electron transfer to the aryl substrates activated by anionic sp2–sp3 diboron compounds, i. e., [FB2pin2]−, thereby facilitating the cleavage of carbon–heteroatom bonds. The reaction allows the conversion of diverse Caryl–hetero bonds in batch and flow reactors into the corresponding arylboronic esters. The products can be used in a subsequent Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling without isolation.
A Pneumatic Flexible Linear Actuator Inspired by Snake Swallowing
Authors: Qi Yuyan , Shao Jiaqi , Zhao Yongjian , Niu Tong , Yang Yi , Zhong Songyi , Xie Shaorong , Lin Yangqiao , Yang Yang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSoft robots spark a revolution in human–machine interaction. However, developing high‐performance soft actuators remains challenging due to trade‐offs among output force, driving distance, control precision, safety, and compliance. Here, addressing the lack of long‐distance, high‐precision flexible linear actuators, an innovative pneumatic flexible linear actuator (PFLA) is introduced, inspired by the smooth and controlled process observed in snakes ingesting sizable food, such as eggs. This PFLA combines a soft tube, emulating the snake's body cavity, with a pneumatically driven piston. Through the joint modulation of moving resistance and driving force by pneumatic pressure, the PFLA exhibits exceptional motion control capabilities, including self‐holding without pressure supply, smooth low‐speed motion (down to 0.004 m s–1), high‐speed motion (up to 5.6 m s–1) with low air pressure demand, and a self‐protection mechanism. Highlighting its adaptability and versatility, the PFLA finds applications in various settings, including a wearable assistive devices, a manipulator capable of precise path tracking and positioning, and rapid transportation in diverse environments for pipeline inspection and firefighting. This PFLA combines biomimetic principles with sophisticated fluidic actuation to achieve long‐distance, flexible, precise, and safe actuation, offering a more adaptive solution for force/motion transmission, particularly in challenging environments.
Enhancing Cardioprotection Through Neutrophil‐Mediated Delivery of 18β‐Glycyrrhetinic Acid in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Han Dongjian , Wang Fuhang , Jiang Qingjiao , Qiao Zhentao , Zhuang Yuansong , An Quanxu , Li Yuhang , Tang Yazhe , Li Chenyao , Shen Deliang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and initiates inflammatory responses. Traditional therapies targeting specific cytokines or ROS often prove inadequate. An innovative drug delivery system (DDS) is developed using neutrophil decoys (NDs) that encapsulate 18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) within a hydrolyzable oxalate polymer (HOP) and neutrophil membrane vesicles (NMVs). These NDs are responsive to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), enabling controlled GA release. Additionally, NDs adsorb inflammatory factors, thereby reducing inflammation. They exhibit enhanced adhesion to inflamed endothelial cells (ECs) and improved penetration. Once internalized by cardiomyocytes through clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, NDs protect against ROS‐induced damage and inhibit HMGB1 translocation. In vivo studies show that NDs preferentially accumulate in injured myocardium, reducing infarct size, mitigating adverse remodeling, and enhancing cardiac function, all while maintaining favorable biosafety profiles. This neutrophil‐based system offers a promising targeted therapy for MI/RI by addressing both inflammation and ROS, holding potential for future clinical applications.
Highly Selective Solar CO2 Conversion into Formic Acid in Nickel‐Perylene‐C3N4 Semiconductor Photocatalyst
Authors: Yang Long , Sivasankaran Ramesh Poonchi , Song Mee Kyung , Pawar Amol Uttam , Lee Don Keun , Kang Young Soo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic (PC) CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) into value‐added oxygenated products is one of the most promising ways of solving climate warming change and energy crisis simultaneously. To reach higher selectivity and productivity of fuel products, it still remains great challenge in controlling both simultaneous sequential multi‐electron/proton shuttling through different transporting pathway, which determines the intermediates and final products. Consequently, a multifunctional nickel‐perylene‐carbon nitride nanosheet (NS‐P‐g‐C3N4‐Ni) are constructed rationally to strengthen the electron and proton transfer via different pathway at the same time through molecule‐level carbon backbone with excellent conductivity/charge capacity and proton transport via pendant functional group of ‐NH2 from water oxidation sites of Ni metal cluster on perylene skeleton. CO2 adsorption is enhanced and reduction energy is reduced by the complexation of N‐atom site of NS‐P‐g‐C3N4‐Ni and adjustment of co‐planarity, optimizing conduction band and band gap with energy controllable techniques. In situ FT‐IR/Raman/EPR spectra identified and verified the transformation of active intermediates (*CO2•−, *COOH and H*COO−) adsorbed on the NS‐P‐g‐C3N4‐Ni by complexation and highly selective production of formic acid (60%) is achieved. This work sheds light on the construction of effective well‐structured sites in photocatalytic CO2 reduction to produce value‐added products with higher selectivity and productivity.
Cathode‐Free Aqueous Micro‐battery for an All‐in‐One Wearable System with Ultralong Stability
Authors: Huang Tao , Gao Bowen , Li Mingfeng , Zhou Xin , He Wenbin , Yan Jinfeng , Luo Xiao , Lai Wei , Li Jian , Luo Shijun , Yue Yang , Ma Yanan , Gao Yihua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConstructing an all‐in‐one wearable electronic system integrated with an energy‐harvesting, an energy‐storing, and a working unit can fundamentally solve the problems of sustainable energy supply, miniaturization, and lightweight for further commercialization. Here, an all‐in‐one wearable system consisting of solar cell, cathode‐free zinc ion micro‐battery (ZIMB) and piezoresistive pressure sensor is proposed, achieving an ultralong and stable power supply. Under the action of photocurrent, this integrated system is stimulated to in situ generate MnO2 on the initial cathode‐free substrate, meanwhile converts into chemical energy for powering the sensor, which eliminates prepreparation and treatment of the cathode for energy storage units. The facial cathode‐free ZIMB combining the all‐in‐one design enhances matching degree between different units and improves the integration. The working mechanism of the cathode‐free ZIMB is analyzed systematically through multiple ex situ characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) simulation. And the integrated sensing system illuminating for 12.0 h realizes the ultralong energy supply of the pressure sensor up to 150 000 cycles. As a concept, the integrated wearable electronic is used to detect human physiological signals, showcasing potential applications in activity monitoring, intelligent robotics, human–computer interaction, and other related fields.
Swelling the d/p‐Band Center Difference Induced by Heterostructure Self‐Optimization Engineering for Enhanced Water Oxidation
Authors: Wang Xuemin , Liu Ming , Li Na , Li Zhigang , Zhang Cui , Liu Shuangxi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMonitoring the dynamic behavior of active species and modulating their electronic architecture are crucial for the development of efficient catalysts. Here, a 3D ordered multi‐level porous Ni2P/CeO2 heterojunction catalyst with a “self‐optimization effect” is strategically synthesized for efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 235 mV at 20 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m KOH. During the OER process, the heterojunction catalyst specifically undergoes a unique phase transition involving the leaching of the P element, which triggers the formation of the PO43−‐NiOOH/CeO2 catalyst with PO43− adsorbed on the surface of the reconstructed product NiOOH/CeO2. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the CeO2 and adsorbed‐PO43− in the self‐optimized structure are essential and minor factors for enhancing catalytic activity, respectively. They collaborate to promote the redistribution of electron density in surface Ni and O, increasing the d/p‐band center difference. This phenomenon results in optimized adsorption/desorption of the key intermediates such as *OOH and improved catalytic performance. Overall, this research highlights the potential of d/p‐band modulation for the rational design of cost‐effective and high‐efficiency electrocatalysts.
A New Ocular Phenotype Combining Juvenile Glaucoma and Doyne Honeycomb Retinal Dystrophy (Malattia Leventinese) due to a Novel EFEMP1 Pathogenic Variant
Authors: Chacon‐Camacho Oscar F. , Ordaz‐Robles Thania , Cid‐García Marion A. , Yepes‐Rodríguez Olivia , Arce‐González Rocio , Martínez‐Aguilar Alan , Zenteno Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDoyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy (DHRD), also termed malattia leventinese (MLVT), is a dominantly inherited ocular disease characterized by the progressive accumulation of macular and peripapillary drusenoid material beneath the retinal pigment epithelium in the Bruch membrane. In all affected individuals genetically characterized to date, DHRD/MLVT is caused by a single heterozygous p.Arg345Trp missense variant in the EGF‐containing fibulin‐like extracellular matrix protein 1, EFEMP1. Recently, pathogenic variants in the EFEMP1 gene have also been demonstrated in several families with juvenile or adult‐onset hereditary isolated glaucoma. Here, we describe a family featuring a unique phenotype of juvenile glaucoma and DHRD/MLVT caused by a novel EFEMP1 variant. Our results expand both the ocular phenotype associated with EFEMP1 variants and the molecular spectrum causing DHRD by describing the first non‐p.Arg345Trp EFEMP1 pathogenic allele.
Assessing adequacy of surgical extent in CRSwNP: The Completion of Surgery Index
Authors: Workman Alan D. , Kuppusamy Krithika , Lerner David K. , Bosso John V. , Douglas Jennifer E. , Kohanski Michael A. , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) maximized for topical steroid irrigations is highly effective for polyp disease. As extent and completeness of ESS varies widely by situation and practitioner, it is important to understand when revision surgery is appropriate, particularly in the era of biologic treatments.MethodsA Completion of Surgery Index (CoSI) was developed to assess operative changes in polyp patients using pre‐ and postoperative computed tomography scans. The CoSI was then applied and tested in a cohort of consecutive chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients, and examined within the context of quality‐of‐life improvements.ResultsThe CoSI assesses surgical extent on a scale of 0–100, with 100 representing the highest possible degree of surgical completeness. Among 100 consecutive CRSwNP patients undergoing ESS in 2021 with postoperative topical steroid irrigations, including 75 revision surgeries, SNOT‐22 scores improved at 6 months postoperatively, with durable and consistent improvement at 24 months (p < 0.001). Preoperative CoSI scores in revision surgery patients were 49.4 ± 26.0, improving to 91.0 ± 8.1 postoperatively. SNOT‐22 scores for primary ESS patients and patients with a preoperative CoSI score of less than 70 improved by 26.4 and 28.1 points, respectively, in contrast to patients with a preoperative CoSI of 70 or greater (14.1 points, p = 0.029).ConclusionsIt is important to define extent of surgery in CRSwNP to stratify postsurgical patients based on likelihood to benefit from revision surgery or alternative medications. The CoSI can be utilized to identify patients who are likely to improve significantly with revision surgical intervention.
Age‐related differences in olfactory training outcomes: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Lawrence Amelia S. , Veach Jodi , Alapati Rahul , Virgen Celina G. , Wright Robert , Materia Frank , Villwock Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionWhile olfactory function decreases with age, it is unknown how age affects olfactory training (OT) efficacy. This study compared OT in two cohorts of subjects: aged ≤50 (younger cohort) and aged 51+ (older cohort) with olfactory dysfunction (OD) primarily from COVID‐19 infection.MethodsSubjects with OD primarily secondary to COVID‐19 infection were prospectively recruited and enrolled into an OT registry. Baseline data were collected and they were provided with a training kit and asked to complete OT at home twice daily for 6 months. Participants were asked to follow‐up at 3 and 6 months during training for olfactory testing and quality‐of‐life surveys (Sino‐Nasal Outcomes Test‐22 [SNOT‐22] and Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders Negative Statements [QoD‐NS]).ResultsFifty‐six participants completed OT (younger cohort: n = 26, older cohort: n = 30). There were no significant differences between cohorts’ Affordable Rapid Olfactory Measurement Array (AROMA), QoD‐NS, or SNOT‐22 scores at any time point. Both cohorts showed significant AROMA score improvement of more than 16 points from baseline to 3 months (younger cohort: p = 0.001; older cohort: p = 0.008). The younger cohort had significant improvements in QoD‐NS (p = 0.008) and SNOT‐22 (p = 0.042) between baseline and 3 months while the older cohort improved from 3 to 6 months (QoD‐NS: p = 0.027, SNOT‐22: p = 0.049).ConclusionBoth cohorts demonstrated similar significant improvement in olfactory function after 3 months of OT. The timeline of subjective improvement was different between cohorts, with younger patients experiencing earlier improvement.
Redox Activity and Potentials of Bidentate N‐Ligands Commonly Applied in Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Dawson Gregory A. , Seith Maria C. , Neary Michelle C. , Diao Tianning 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBidentate N‐ligands are paramount to recent advances in nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions. Through comprehensive organometallic, spectroscopic, and computational studies on bi‐oxazoline and imidazoline ligands, we reveal that a square planar geometry enables redox activity of these ligands in stabilizing nickel radical species. This finding contrasts with the prior assumption that bi‐oxazoline lacks redox activity due to strong mesomeric donation. Moreover, we conducted systematic cyclic voltammetry (CV) analyses of bidentate pyridyl, oxazoline, and imidazoline nitrogen ligands, along with their corresponding nickel complexes. Complexation with nickel shifts the reduction potentials to a more positive region and narrows the differences in redox potentials among the ligands. Additionally, various ligands led to different degrees of bromide dissociation from singly reduced (L)Ni(Ar)(Br) complexes, reflecting varying reactivity in the subsequent activation of alkyl halides, a crucial step in cross‐electrophile coupling. These insights highlight the significant electronic effects of ligands on the stability of metalloradical species and their redox potentials, which interplay with coordination geometry. Quantifying the electron‐donating, π‐accepting properties of these ligands, as well as their effect on catalyst speciation, provides crucial benchmarks for controlling catalytic activity and enhancing catalyst stability.
α,β‐Dehydrogenation Adjacent to Sulfur‐ and Phosphorus‐ Containing Compounds
Authors: Sun Yang , Newhouse Timothy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHere, we report a robust nickel‐catalyzed α,β‐dehydrogenation process designed for substrates that contain electron‐withdrawing sulfur and phosphorus groups. Leveraging the formation of organozinc intermediates and the utilization of a mild oxidant, allyl methyl carbonate, this methodology exhibits remarkable efficiency and outstanding diastereoselectivities across a diverse array of substrates, achieving E : Z ratios exceeding 20 : 1. Investigation through deuterium incorporation studies and an analysis of the reaction sequence leading to the formation of the dehydrogenative allylation side product, provide useful insights into reaction optimization.
Heterogeneous Nucleation Regulation Amends Unfavorable Crystallization Orientation and Defect Features of Antimony Selenosulfide Film for High‐Efficient Planar Solar Cells
Authors: Ren Donglou , Li Chen , Xiong Jun , Liang Weizheng , Cathelinaud Michel , Zhang Xianghua , Chen Shuo , Li Zhiqiang , Pan Daocheng , Liang Guangxing , Zou Bingsuo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAntimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3) has obtained widespread concern for photovoltaic applications as a light absorber due to superior photoelectric features. Accordingly, various deposition technologies have been developed in recent years, especially hydrothermal deposition method, which has achieved a great success. However, device performances are limited with severe carrier recombination, relating to the quality of absorber and interfaces. Herein, bulk and interface defects are simultaneously suppressed by regulating heterogeneous nucleation kinetics with barium dibromide (BaBr2) introduction. In details, the Br adsorbs and dopes on the polar planes of cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer, promoting the exposure of nonpolar planes of CdS, which facilitates the favorable growth of [hk1]‐Sb2(S,Se)3 films possessing superior crystallinity and small interface defects. Additionally, the Se/S ratio is increased due to the replacement of Se by Br, causing a downshift of the Fermi levels with a benign band alignment and a shallow‐level defect. Moreover, Ba2+ is located at grain boundaries by coordination with S and Se ions, passivating grain boundary defects. Consequently, the efficiency is increased from 7.70 % to 10.12 %. This work opens an avenue towards regulating the heterogeneous nucleation kinetics of Sb2(S,Se)3 film deposited via hydrothermal deposition approach to optimize its crystalline orientation and defect features.