bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial augmentation of distal femur fractures using the contralateral distal femur locking plate: A technical note
Authors: Leal Jaime Andrés 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Lateral locking plates are commonly employed for the fixation of distal femur fractures. However, scenarios involving medial comminution, extremely distal fractures, periprosthetic fractures, or nonunion could necessitate medial augmentation. This study explores the possibility of using lateral distal femoral locking plate systems for medial fixation by employing the contralateral plate.

Methods:
This study presents a technical note on the application of lateral distal femur locking systems for medial augmentation in patients as indicated by current literature findings. Postoperative imaging modalities, including radiography and computed tomography (CT), were used to assess the plates' fit to the distal femur. Three cases following the specified technical note are presented.

Results:
The various plate systems, all comprising distal femur locking systems, demonstrated adaptability to the medial femur anatomy as confirmed by intraoperative visualization and postoperative radiographs, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional CT scans. It has also been possible to achieve at least 3 independent fixation points regardless of the size of the medial condyle.

Conclusions:
Locking distal femoral plates can be a viable option for medial augmentation in indicated cases, achieving anatomical adaptation to the distal femur. This provides robust augmentation without the need for additional instruments beyond those used for the lateral cortex.
Conduction System Hamartoma
Authors: Keskin Ozturk Beyza , Gun Eylul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Conduction system hamartoma is a benign hamartomatous lesion arising from Purkinje and Purkinje-like cells of the heart. We aimed to investigate the cases that we detected during postmortem histopathological examination. The histopathology reports of the cases autopsied between 2012 and 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. The cases were evaluated in terms of histopathological features, demographic data, autopsy findings, causes of death, microbiological results, and accompanying cardiac anomalies. There was a total of 4 cases. The female-to-male ratio was 3/1. The mean age of the cases was 5.8 months. The heart weight was found within the normal range when evaluated according to age and gender. Microscopy revealed sharply demarcated cell groups or layers with histiocyte-like cells with foamy cytoplasm. Congenital heart disease and lung infection were given as causes of death in all cases. The lesion, which was previously called histiocytoid cardiomyopathy and many different names, is known as “conduction system hamartoma” in the latest World Health Organization classification (5th edition). Being aware of this entity that causes fatal arrhythmias and sudden cardiac deaths is important for pathologists. Autopsy findings should be evaluated by taking extra samples from the heart if necessary, especially in suspected cases below 2 years of age.
The Thuss Lectureship Series at Vanderbilt University
Authors: James Andrew J. , Lineaweaver William C. 
Published: September 2024

Background
The Thuss lectureship began in 1978 and is carried at both Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Stanford Medical Center. The 2-day event consists of a resident and fellow workshop and dinner with an invited keynote speaker, followed by a didactic session and research presentation the following morning. This lecture honors the career of Dr Charles J. Thuss, Sr, and acts as a memorial for Dr Thuss, Jr, and his son, Carter. Trainee presentations have been catalogued since 2019, and we sought to identify the presentations that resulted in publications.

Methods
Internal records from 2019 to 2022 were referenced to catalogue presenters and project titles. PubMed searches were conducted to identify projects from these presenters with direct links to their presentations at the lectureship series.

Results
The event has been held consecutively from 1978 to 2023 with 44 keynote lecturers. Between 2019 and 2023, 17 residents, fellows, and medical students from Vanderbilt University Medical Center or/and the Tennessee Society of Plastic Surgery gave 19 research presentations for the Thuss lectureship at Vanderbilt. Due to the pandemic, no resident or trainee presentations were given in 2020. Nine of 11 project presentations resulted in publications, with presenters being the resultant first author of 6 of these articles.

Conclusion
The Thuss lectureship at Vanderbilt serves as an academic conduit to share research and build camaraderie among plastic surgeons across Tennessee. Additionally, it fosters a platform for trainees to contribute to the academic literature and see projects from inception to publication.
Current Diagnostic Measures for Lymphedema
Authors: Torres-Guzman Ricardo A. , Bailey Virginia , James Andrew J. , Drolet Brian C. , Karagoz Huseyin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Lymphedema presents diagnostic challenges due to complex symptomatology and multifaceted onset. This literature review synthesizes diagnostic measures ranging from clinical assessments to advanced imaging techniques and emerging technologies. It explores the challenges in early detection and delves into the disparities in access to advanced diagnostic tools, which exacerbate health outcome differences across populations. This review not only provides insights into the effectiveness of current diagnostic modalities but also underscores the necessity for ongoing research and innovation. The goal is to enhance the accuracy, affordability, and accessibility of lymphedema diagnostics. This is crucial for guiding future research directions and for the development of standardized diagnostic protocols that could help mitigate the progression of lymphedema and enhance the quality of life for affected individuals.
Multiple organ failure: What you need to know
Authors: Brakenridge Scott , Kornblith Lucy , Cuschieri Joseph 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Multiple organ failure (MOF) remains a significant challenge for the acute care surgeon, often leading to poor patient outcomes. This comprehensive review explores the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management strategies, prognosis, and prevention strategies associated with MOF and chronic critical illness. Understanding the intricate etiology and pathophysiology of MOF and chronic critical illness is essential for effectively managing these syndromes and developing targeted treatment strategies aimed at mitigating the underlying inflammatory, immune, and microvascular disturbances, in order to redirect patients onto a trajectory of recovery.
Perimortem cesarean section after severe injury: What you need to know
Authors: Larson Nicholas J. , Mergoum Anaas Moncef , Dries David J. , Hubbard LeeAnn , Blondeau Benoit , Rogers Frederick B. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
When pregnant patients are involved in traumatic incidents, the trauma clinician encounters two patients—both the mother and the unborn child. Advanced trauma life support dictates that the first priority is the life of the mother; however, there are rare situations where to provide the greatest chance of survival for both the mother and baby, an emergency cesarean section (perimortem cesarean delivery [PMCD]) must be performed. The decision to perform this procedure must occur quickly, and the reality is that a board-certified obstetrician is rarely present, particularly in rural areas. In this review, we provide a rationale for why trauma clinicians should be conversant with PMCDs, present the specific time limitations for performing a PMCD, and discuss the technique to perform a successful PMCD that makes it distinctly different from an elective cesarean delivery. Finally, we will discuss some things that a trauma program can do proactively in an obstetrical resource-poor area of the country to prepare for the rare instances where these procedures are necessary.
Prognosis, risk factors, and scoring model of patients resuscitated from traumatic cardiac arrest: A multicenter observational study in Japan
Authors: Shibahashi Keita , Inoue Ken , Kato Taichi , Sugiyama Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
A subset of patients with traumatic cardiac arrest is salvageable when the reversible causes of cardiac arrest are promptly treated. However, prognosis and risk factors of survivors upon hospital admission after traumatic cardiac arrest remain unclear. We aimed to describe the outcomes, identify risk factors, and develop a simple risk-scoring model for patients resuscitated from traumatic cardiac arrest.

METHODS
This observational multicenter study analyzed data from the Japan Trauma Data Bank from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. Patients who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department and survived to the day after hospital admission for traumatic cardiac arrest were included. Factors associated with survival to hospital discharge were determined using mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression analysis. A simple scoring model was developed to stratify the probability of survival to hospital discharge.

RESULTS
In total, 452 patients from 119 hospitals (median age, 64 years; 334 [74.4%] men) were included in the analysis. Of these, 130 (28.8%) survived until discharge. Penetrating injury, signs of life upon hospital arrival, and Injury Severity Score were significantly associated with survival at hospital discharge. A scoring model that assigned 1 point each for penetrating injury and signs of life upon hospital arrival effectively stratified the probability of survival to hospital discharge, with scores of 0, 1, and 2 corresponding to survival probabilities of 12.2%, 35.2%, and 83.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSION
This study described the outcomes and risk factors of patients resuscitated from traumatic cardiac arrest. Our simple scoring model effectively stratified the likelihood of survival to hospital discharge.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
A spatial atlas of human gastro-intestinal acute GVHD reveals epithelial and immune dynamics underlying disease pathophysiology
Authors: Azulay Nofar , Milo Idan , Bussi Yuval , Uri Raz Ben , Haran Tal Keidar , Eldar Michal , Elhanani Ofer , Harnik Yotam , Yakubovsky Oran , Nachmany Ido , Salame Tomer-Meir , Wartenberg Martin , Bertheau Philippe , Michonneau David , Socie Gerard , Keren Leeat 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a significant complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT), driven by alloreactive donor T cells in the gut. However, the roles of additional donor and host cells in this process are not fully understood. We conducted multiplexed imaging on 59 biopsies from patients with gastrointestinal GVHD and 10 healthy controls, revealing key pathological changes, including fibrosis, crypt alterations, loss of Paneth cells, accumulation of endocrine cells, and disrupted immune organization, particularly a reduction in IgA-secreting plasma cells. Interestingly, CD8T cells were enriched only in a subset of patients, while others exhibited non-canonical enrichments of macrophages and neutrophils. Post-transplantation time significantly influenced immune composition, with host cells dominating plasma and T cell compartments long after transplantation. This spatial atlas of healthy duodenum and GVHD uncovers non-canonical immune dynamics, offering insights into disease pathophysiology and potential clinical applications in GVHD and other inflammatory bowel diseases.
Power asymmetry destabilizes reciprocal cooperation in social dilemmas
Authors: Colnaghi Marco , Santos Fernando P. , Van Lange Paul A. M. , Balliet Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDirect reciprocity has been long identified as a mechanism to enhance cooperation in social dilemmas. While most research on reciprocal cooperation has focused on symmetrical interactions, real world interactions often involve differences in power. Verbal theories have either claimed that power differences enhance or destabilize cooperation, indicating the need for a comprehensive theoretical model of how power asymmetries affect direct reciprocity. Here, we investigate the relationship between power and cooperation in two frequently studied social dilemmas, the prisoner’s dilemma (PD) and the snowdrift game (SD). Combining evolutionary game theory and agent-based models, we demonstrate that power asymmetries are detrimental to the evolution of cooperation. Strategies that are contingent on power within an interaction provide a selective advantage in the iterated SD, but not in the iterated PD. In both games, the rate of cooperation declines as power asymmetry increases, indicating that a more egalitarian distribution of the benefits of cooperation is the prerequisite for reciprocal cooperation to evolve and be maintained.
Incompatibility groups ofPseudomonasplasmids revisited: comprehensive analysis of R-factors and their replicons
Authors: Nishimura Yosuke , Kaneko Kensei , Kamijo Tatsuya , Isogai Nanako , Tokuda Maho , Xie Hui , Tsuda Yusuke , Hirabayashi Aki , Moriuchi Ryota , Dohra Hideo , Kimbara Kazuhide , Suzuki-Minakuchi Chiho , Nojiri Hideaki , Suzuki Haruo , Suzuki Masato , Shintani Masaki 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBacterial plasmid incompatibility (Inc) groups, IncP-1 to IncP-14, have long been recognised as R-factors. These factors harbour antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) inPseudomonasspecies (PIncs). Despite their importance, some PIncs plasmid remain underexplored at the sequence level. This study attempts to address this gap by determining the complete nucleotide sequences of several key plasmids. Using BLAST search and AlphaFold3-based protein structure prediction, we identified replication initiation proteins (RIPs) and origins of vegetative replication (oriV) for these plasmids. Notably, mini-plasmids containing these RIP andoriVsequences successfully replicated inPseudomonas aeruginosa. Through pangenome analyses using the PLSDB database with the experimentally identified RIP gene reference, 2,351/59,895 plasmids were classified, and their core and accessory genes, including ARGs, were detected. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses of the RIPs with publicly available protein sequences enabled the grouping of existing PIncs into distinct evolutionary lineages, providing a robust framework for identifying RIPs across a broader range of previously uncharacterised plasmids. The RIPs of 8,860 plasmids in the PLSDB were newly assigned. These findings offer crucial insights into the complex landscape of plasmid-mediated ARG dissemination, marking a significant advancement in the understanding ofPseudomonasplasmids across clinical and environmental contexts.
Gene Age Gap Estimate (GAGE) for major depressive disorder: a penalized biological age model using gene expression
Authors: Li Yijie (Jamie) , Kuplicki Rayus , Ford Bart N. , Kresock Elizabeth , Figueroa-Hall Leandra , Savitz Jonathan , McKinney Brett A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent associations between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and measures of premature aging suggest accelerated biological aging as a potential biomarker for MDD susceptibility or MDD as a risk factor for age-related diseases. Residuals or “gaps” between the predicted biological age and chronological age have been used for statistical inference, such as testing whether an increased age gap is associated with a given disease state. Recently, a gene expression-based model of biological age showed a higher age gap for individuals with MDD compared to healthy controls (HC). In the current study, we propose an approach that simplifies gene selection using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalty to construct an expression-based Gene Age Gap Estimate (GAGE) model. We train a LASSO gene age model on an RNA-Seq study of 78 unmedicated individuals with MDD and 79 HC, resulting in a model with 21 genes. The L-GAGE shows higher biological aging in MDD participants than HC, but the elevation is not statistically significant. However, when we dichotomize chronological age, the interaction between MDD status and age has a significant association with L-GAGE. This effect remains statistically significant even after adjusting for chronological age and sex. Using the 21 age genes, we find a statistically significant elevated biological age in MDD in an independent microarray gene expression dataset. We find functional enrichment of infectious disease and SARS-COV pathways using a broader feature selection of age related genes.
Inner membrane protein OutB is covalently attached to peptidoglycan in the γ-proteobacteriumDickeya dadantii
Authors: Nicolai Xavier , Liang Yucheng , Ruaudel Florence , Narajczyk Magdalena , Czajkowski Robert , Rusconi Filippo , Arthur Michel , Shevchik Vladimir E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGram-negative bacteria possess a multilayered envelope comprising an inner membrane (IM), a thin peptidoglycan (PG) layer, and an outer membrane (OM). InEscherichia coliand certain other γ-proteobacteria, Braun lipoprotein (Lpp) covalently tethers the OM to PG. Only a few other OM proteins have been found to be covalently linked to PG in Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we showed that in the phytopathogenic γ-proteobacteriumDickeya dadantii, an IM protein, OutB, is covalently attached to PG, thereby tethering itself and the associated type 2 secretion system to the cell wall. In contrast to Lpp, OutB reaches the PG layer from the IM side. By modifying the length of Lpp, which would displace the PG layer in the periplasm, we found that the elongated Lpp+21 improved OutB attachment to PG, whereas the shortened LppΔ21 reduced it. We showed that two L,D-transpeptidases, Ldt03 and Ldt84, tether Lpp and OutB to PG by the same catalytic mechanism involving the formation of an amide bond between their C-terminal lysine and the stem peptide. Ldt03 and Ldt84, each display substrate specificity for the type of peptide stem and preferentially cross-link Lpp to monomeric and dimeric muropeptide, respectively. The C-terminal Lpp-like box of OutB is almost identical to that of Lpp; it tolerates substantial amino acid substitutions and allows PG-tethering of abona fideperiplasmic protein. Thus, it seems possible that the repertoire of periplasmic and membrane proteins tethered to PG may be more extensive than currently assumed.
Overcoming nucleotide bias in the nonenzymatic copying of RNA templates
Authors: Duzdevich Daniel , Carr Christopher E. , Colville Benjamin , Aitken Harry R.M. , Szostak Jack W. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe RNA World hypothesis posits that RNA was the molecule of both heredity and function during the emergence of life. This hypothesis implies that RNA templates can be copied, and ultimately replicated, without the catalytic aid of evolved enzymes. A major problem with nonenzymatic templated polymerization has been the very poor copying of sequences containing rA and rU. Here we overcome that problem by using a prebiotically plausible mixture of RNA mononucleotides and random-sequence oligonucleotides, all activated by methyl isocyanide chemistry, that direct the uniform copying of arbitrary-sequence templates, including those harboring rA and rU. We further show that the use of this mixture in copying reactions suppresses copying errors while also generating a more uniform distribution of mismatches than observed for simpler systems. We find that oligonucleotide competition for template binding sites, oligonucleotide ligation, and the template binding properties of reactant intermediates work together to reduce product sequence bias and errors. Finally, we show that iterative cycling of the activation chemistry and templated polymerization improves the yield of random-sequence products. These results for random-sequence template copying are a significant advance in the pursuit of nonenzymatic RNA replication.
IgSeqR: a protocol for the identification, assembly, and characterization of full-length tumor Immunoglobulin transcripts from unselected RNA sequencing data
Authors: Bryant Dean , Sale Benjamin , Chiodin Giorgia , Tatterton Dylan , Stevens Benjamin , Adlaon Alyssa , Snook Erin , Batchelor James , Orfao Alberto , Forconi Francesco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractImmunoglobulin (IG) gene analysis provides fundamental insight into B-cell receptor structure and function. In B-cell tumors, it can inform the cell of origin and clinical outcomes. Its clinical value has been established in the two types of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with unmutated or mutatedIGHVgenes and is emerging in other B-cell tumors. The traditional PCR-based techniques, which are labor-intensive, rely on the attainment of either a dominant sequence or a small number of subclonal sequences and do not allow automated matching with the clonal phenotypic features. Extraction of the expressed tumor IG transcripts using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) can be faster and allow the collection of multiple sequences matched with the transcriptome profile. Analytical tools are regularly sought to increase the accuracy, depth, and speed of acquisition of the fullIGV-(IGD)-IGJ-IGCsequences and combine theIGcharacteristics with other RNA-seq data. We provide here a user-friendly protocol for the rapid extraction, identification, and accurate determination of the full (leader to constant region) tumorIGtemplated and non-templated transcript sequence from RNA-seq. The derived amino acid sequences can be interrogated for their physico-chemical characteristics and, in certain lymphomas, predict tumor glycan types occupying acquired N-glycosylation sites. These features will then be available for association studies with the tumor transcriptome. The resulting information can also help refine diagnosis, prognosis, and potential therapeutic targeting in the most common lymphomas.
ThePseudomonas aeruginosa sphBCgenes are important for growth in the presence of sphingosine by promoting sphingosine metabolism
Authors: DiGianivittorio Pauline , Hinkel Lauren A. , Mackinder Jacob R. , Schutz Kristin , Klein Eric A. , Wargo Matthew J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSphingoid bases, including sphingosine, are important components of the antimicrobial barrier at epithelial surfaces where they can cause growth inhibition and killing of susceptible bacteria.Pseudomonas aeruginosais a common opportunistic pathogen that is less susceptible to sphingosine than many Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we determined that deletion of thesphBCDoperon reduced growth in the presence of sphingosine. Using deletion mutants, complementation, and growth assays inP. aeruginosaPAO1, we determined that thesphCandsphBgenes, encoding a periplasmic oxidase and periplasmic cytochrome c, respectively, were important for growth on sphingosine, whilesphDwas dispensable under these conditions. Deletion ofsphBCDinP. aeruginosaPA14,P. protegensPf-5, andP. fluorescensPf01 also showed reduced growth in the presence of sphingosine. TheP. aeruginosa sphBCgenes were also important for growth in the presence of two other sphingoid bases, phytosphingosine and sphinganine. In wild-typeP. aeruginosa, sphingosine is metabolized to an unknown non-inhibitory product, as sphingosine concentrations drop in the culture. However, in the absence ofsphBC, sphingosine accumulates, pointing to SphC and SphB as having a role in sphingosine metabolism. Finally, metabolism of sphingosine by wild-typeP. aeruginosaprotected susceptible cells from full growth inhibition by sphingosine, pointing to a role for sphingosine metabolism as a public good. This work shows that metabolism of sphingosine byP. aeruginosapresents a novel pathway by which bacteria can alter host-derived sphingolipids, but it remains an open question whether SphB and SphC act directly on sphingosine.