bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ansiedad entre cuidadores de pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica tras el alta hospitalaria
Authors: Garcia-Guillamón Gloria , Bernabeu-Mora Roberto , Montilla-Herrador Joaquina , Seva-Llor Ana Myriam , Gacto-Sánchez Mariano , Garcia-Vidal Jose Antonio 
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Identificar los factores que influyen en cambios en la ansiedad de los cuidadores tres meses después del alta hospitalaria por exacerbación aguda de la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC). <br />Metodología: Estudio longitudinal. Participaron 87 cuidadores de pacientes hospitalizados por exacerbación aguda de EPOC. Se midió la ansiedad en el momento de la hospitalización y tres meses después del alta. Además, se midieron potenciales factores asociados a su cambio en cuatro dominios: Contexto del cuidado, demandas del cuidado, recursos y características del paciente. Utilizamos regresiones logísticas múltiples univariadas y multivariadas para determinar los cambios en la ansiedad tres meses después. <br />Resultados: Presentaron ansiedad en el momento de la hospitalización el 57,5% de los cuidadores. De ellos, el 44% había remitido su ansiedad tres meses después del alta hospitalaria. Sin embargo, el 22% de los cuidadores quienes no habían presentado ansiedad en el momento de la hospitalización se mostraron ansiosos a los 3 meses. La gravedad de la EPOC y no recibir apoyo de otro cuidador disminuyó las probabilidades de remisión de la ansiedad. La sobrecarga moderadamente alta incrementa las probabilidades de presentar nuevos síntomas de ansiedad. <br />Conclusiones: La percepción de los síntomas de la ansiedad es dinámica. Los cuidadores pueden recuperarse si reciben ayuda de otro cuidador o si el paciente al que cuidan no está en un estado severo de EPOC.<br /><br />
Multistage Core Formation in Planetesimals Revealed by Numerical Modeling and Hf‐W Chronometry of Iron Meteorites
Authors: Neumann W. , Kruijer T. S. , Breuer D. , Kleine T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIron meteorites provide some of the most direct insights into the processes and timescales of core formation in planetesimals. Of these, group IVB irons stand out by having one of the youngest 182Hf‐182W model ages for metal segregation (2.9 ± 0.6 Ma after solar system formation), as well as the lowest bulk sulfur content and hence highest liquidus temperature. Here, using a new model for the internal evolution of the IVB parent body, we show that a single stage of metal‐silicate separation cannot account for the complete melting of pure Fe metal at the relatively late time given by the Hf‐W model age. Instead, a complex metal‐silicate separation scenario is required that includes migration of partial silicate melts, formation of a shallow magma ocean, and core formation in two distinct stages of metal segregation. In the first stage, a protocore formed at ≈1.5 Ma via settling of metal particles in a mantle magma ocean, followed by metal segregation from a shallow magma ocean at ≈5.4 Ma. As these stages of metal segregation occurred at different times, the two metal fractions had different 182W compositions. Consequently, the final 182W composition of the IVB core does not correspond to a single differentiation event, but represents the average composition of early‐ and late‐segregated core fractions. Our best fit model indicates an ≈100 km radius for the IVB parent body and provides an accretion age of ≈0.1–0.5 Ma after solar system formation. The computed solidification time is, furthermore, consistent with the Re‐Os age for crystallization of the IVB core.
Incision of Licus Vallis, Mars, From Multiple Lake Overflow Floods
Authors: Goudge Timothy A. , Fassett Caleb I. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLicus Vallis is a large valley (>350 km long, >2 km wide, and >150 m deep) that heads at the outlet breach of an ~30 km diameter impact crater. We present observations of the geomorphology and topography of this paleolake outlet valley and associated tributary valleys to constrain the history of incision of the Licus Vallis system. Licus Vallis has an abrupt increase in gradient by a factor of approximately 4 along its longitudinal profile, and a knickpoint that drops ~200 m over a reach of ~2 km approximately 12 km downstream from the valley head. We also describe a set of paired terraces within Licus Vallis, which are continuous for tens of kilometers and define an interior valley >2 km in width. We interpret the geomorphology of Licus Vallis as recording at least two discrete, major episodes of valley incision, both driven by lake overflow floods. The main portion of Licus Vallis formed by overflow flooding from a large (~103–104 km2) lake contained in an intercrater basin. Subsequently, overflow flooding from a lake within the ~30 km diameter impact crater reactivated Licus Vallis, forming a major knickpoint at the valley head and establishing the upstream section of the valley at a lower slope. Farther down the valley, this flood event incised an interior valley bounded by paired terraces. Regional tributary valleys that feed Licus Vallis also have prominent knickpoints, which have retreated farthest for downstream valleys. We conclude that these knickpoints record successive waves of incision that swept up Licus Vallis during lake overflow flooding, with erosion in the main trunk of the valley (from overflow floods) significantly outpacing erosion in the tributary valleys (from regional surface runoff). These observations of Licus Vallis illustrate how lake overflow floods may have provided an important control on the pace of landscape evolution on Mars.
Output‐feedback adaptive tracking control of stochastic nonlinear systems using multi‐dimensional Taylor network
Authors: Han Yu‐Qun 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIn this paper, an adaptive multi‐dimensional Taylor network (MTN) control scheme based on the backstepping and dynamic surface control (DSC) is developed to solve the tracking control problem for the stochastic nonlinear system with immeasurable states. The MTNs are used to approximate the unknown nonlinearities, and then based on the multivariable analog of circle criterion, an observer is first introduced to estimate the immeasurable states. By combining the adaptive backstepping technique and the DSC technique, an adaptive MTN output‐feedback backstepping DSC approach is developed. It is shown that the proposed controller ensures that all signals of the closed‐loop system are remain bounded in probability, and the tracking error converges to an arbitrarily small neighborhood around the origin in the sense of probability. Finally, the effectiveness of the design approach is illustrated by simulation results.
Optomagnetic Nanoplatforms for In Situ Controlled Hyperthermia
Authors: Ortgies Dirk H. , Teran Francisco J. , Rocha Uéslen , de la Cueva Leonor , Salas Gorka , Cabrera David , Vanetsev Alexander S. , Rähn Mihkel , Sammelselg Väino , Orlovskii Yurii V. , Jaque Daniel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (M:NPs) are unique agents for in vivo thermal therapies due to their multimodal capacity for efficient heat generation under optical and/or magnetic excitation. Nevertheless, their transfer from laboratory to the clinic is hampered by the absence of thermal feedback and by the influence that external conditions (e.g., agglomeration and biological matrix interactions) have on their heating efficiency. Overcoming these limitations requires, first, the implementation of strategies providing thermal sensing to M:NPs in order to obtain in situ thermal feedback during thermal therapies. At the same time, M:NPs should be modified so that their heating efficiency will be maintained independently of the environment and the added capability for thermometry. In this work, optomagnetic hybrid nanostructures (OMHSs) that simultaneously satisfy these two conditions are presented. Polymeric encapsulation of M:NPs with neodymium‐doped nanoparticles results in a hybrid structure capable of subtissue thermal feedback while making the heating efficiency of M:NPs independent of the medium. The potential application of the OMHSs herein developed for fully controlled thermal therapies is demonstrated by an ex vivo endoscope‐assisted controlled intracoronary heating experiment.
Conformation Locking on Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptor for High‐Performance Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Zhuohan , Yu Jiangsheng , Yin Xinxing , Hu Zhenghao , Jiang Yufeng , Sun Jia , Zhou Jie , Zhang Fujun , Russell Thomas P. , Liu Feng , Tang Weihua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this work, sidechain engineering on conjugated fused‐ring acceptors for conformation locking is demonstrated as an effective molecular design strategy for high‐performance nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). A novel nonfullerene acceptor (ITC6‐IC) is designed and developed by introducing long alkyl chains into the terminal electron‐donating building blocks. ITC6‐IC has achieved definite conformation with a planar structure and better solubility in common organic solvents. The weak electron‐donating hexyl upshifts the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of ITC6‐IC, resulting in a higher VOC in comparison to the widely used ITIC. The OSCs based on PBDB‐T:ITC6‐IC reveal a promising power conversion efficiency of 11.61% and an expected high VOC of 0.97 V. The weaker π–π stacking induced by steric hindrance affords ITC6‐IC with enhanced compatibility with polymer donors. The blend film treated with suitable thermal annealing exhibits a fibril crystallization feature with a good bicontinuous network morphology. The results indicate that the molecular design approach of ITC6‐IC can be inspirational for future development of nonfullerene acceptors for high efficiency OSCs.
Stabilization of Glucagon by Trehalose Glycopolymer Nanogels
Authors: Boehnke Natalie , Kammeyer Jacquelin K. , Damoiseaux Robert , Maynard Heather D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGlucagon is a peptide hormone used for the treatment of hypoglycemia; however, its clinical potential is limited by its insolubility and instability in solution. Herein, the encapsulation, stabilization, and release of glucagon by trehalose glycopolymer nanogels are reported. Methacrylate‐functionalized trehalose is copolymerized with pyridyl disulfide ethyl methacrylate using free radical polymerization conditions to form trehalose glycopolymers with thiol‐reactive handles. Glucagon is chemically modified to contain two thiol groups and is subsequently utilized as the cross‐linker to form redox‐responsive trehalose nanogels with greater than 80% conjugation yield. Nanogel formation and subsequent glucagon stabilization are characterized using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. It is determined that the solution stability of the glucagon increased from less than 24 h to at least three weeks in the nanogel form. Additionally, in vitro activity of the synthesized glucagon analog and released glucagon is investigated, demonstrating that the glucagon remains active after modification. It is anticipated that these glucagon–nanogel conjugates will be useful as a stabilizing glucagon formulation, allowing for cargo release under mild reducing conditions.
Comprehensive Understanding of the Spatial Configurations of CeO2 in NiO for the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Embedded or Surface‐Loaded
Authors: Gao Wei , Xia Zhaoming , Cao Fangxian , Ho Johnny C. , Jiang Zheng , Qu Yongquan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroducing cerium (Ce) species into electrocatalysts has been recently developed as an effective approach to improve their oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Importantly, the spatial distribution of Ce species in the hosts can determine the availability of Ce species either as additives or as co‐catalysts, which would dictate their different contributions to the enhanced electrocatalytic performance. Herein, the comprehensive investigations on two different catalyst configurations, namely CeO2‐embedded NiO (Ce‐NiO‐E) and CeO2‐surface‐loaded NiO (Ce‐NiO‐L), are performed to understand the effect of their specific spatial arrangements on OER characteristics. The Ce‐NiO‐E catalysts exhibit a smaller overpotential of 382 mV for 10 mA cm−2 and a lower Tafel slope of 118.7 mV dec−1, demonstrating the benefits of the embedded configuration for OER, as compared with those of Ce‐NiO‐L (426 mV and 131.6 mV dec−1) and pure NiO (467 mV and 140.7 mV dec−1), respectively. The improved OER property of Ce‐NiO‐E originates from embedding small‐sized CeO2 clusters into the host for the larger specific surface area, richer surface defects, higher oxygen adsorption capacity, and better optimized electronic structures of the surface active sites, as compared with Ce‐NiO‐L. Above findings provide a valuable guideline for and insight in designing catalysts with different spatial configurations for enhanced catalytic properties.
Spatially Resolved Electric‐Field Manipulation of Magnetism for CoFeB Mesoscopic Discs on Ferroelectrics
Authors: Ba You , Liu Yan , Li Peisen , Wu Liang , Unguris John , Pierce Daniel T. , Yang Danni , Feng Ce , Zhang Yike , Wu Hao , Li Dalai , Chang Yuansi , Zhang Jinxing , Han Xiufeng , Cai Jianwang , Nan Ce‐Wen , Zhao Yonggang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractElectric‐field control of magnetism in ferromagnetic/ferroelectric multiferroic heterostructures is a promising way to realize fast and nonvolatile random‐access memory with high density and low‐power consumption. An important issue that has not been solved is the magnetic responses to different types of ferroelectric‐domain switching. Here, for the first time three types of magnetic responses are reported induced by different types of ferroelectric domain switching with in situ electric fields in the CoFeB mesoscopic discs grown on PMN‐PT(001), including type I and type II attributed to 109°, 71°/180° ferroelectric domain switching, respectively, and type III attributed to a combined behavior of multiferroelectric domain switching. Rotation of the magnetic easy axis by 90° induced by 109° ferroelectric domain switching is also found. In addition, the unique variations of effective magnetic anisotropy field with electric field are explained by the different ferroelectric domain switching paths. The spatially resolved study of electric‐field control of magnetism on the mesoscale not only enhances the understanding of the distinct magnetic responses to different ferroelectric domain switching and sheds light on the path of ferroelectric domain switching, but is also important for the realization of low‐power consumption and high‐speed magnetic random‐access memory utilizing these materials.
Cross‐Linking of Thiolated Paclitaxel–Oligo(p‐phenylene vinylene) Conjugates Aggregates inside Tumor Cells Leads to “Chemical Locks” That Increase Drug Efficacy
Authors: Zhou Lingyun , Lv Fengting , Liu Libing , Shen Guizhi , Yan Xuehai , Bazan Guillermo C. , Wang Shu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHow to reduce the resistance of certain tumor cells to paclitaxel (PTX) and related taxoid anticancer drugs is a major challenge for improving cure rates. An oligo(p‐phenylenevinylene) unit with thiol groups and a PTX unit (OPV‐S‐PTX), which enhances drug efficacy and reverses resistance is thus designed. The mechanism involves diffusion of OPV‐S‐PTX into the cell, where π–π interactions lead to aggregation. Cross‐linking of the aggregates via oxidation of thiol groups is favored in tumor cells because of the higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration. Cross‐linked aggregates “chemically lock” the multichromophore particle for a more persistent effect. The IC50 of OPV‐S‐PTX for tumor cell line A549 is reduced down to 0.33 × 10−9m from that observed for PTX itself (41 × 10−9m). Enhanced efficacy by OPV‐S‐PTX is proposed to proceed via acceleration of microtubule bundle formation. A549/T‐inoculated xenograft mice experiments reveal suppression of tumor growth upon OPV‐S‐PTX treatment. Altogether, these results show that the internal cross‐linking of OPV‐S‐PTX through ROS provides a means to discriminate between tumor and healthy cells and the formation of the chemically locked particles enhances drug efficacy and helps in reducing resistance.
Carbon Nanoparticles in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yavari Mozhgan , Mazloum‐Ardakani Mohammad , Gholipour Somayeh , Marinova Nevena , Delgado Juan Luis , Turren‐Cruz Silver‐Hamill , Domanski Konrad , Taghavinia Nima , Saliba Michael , Grätzel Michael , Hagfeldt Anders , Tress Wolfgang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn the past few years, organic–inorganic metal halide ABX3 perovskites (A = Rb, Cs, methylammonium, formamidinium (FA); B = Pb, Sn; X = Cl, Br, I) have rapidly emerged as promising materials for photovoltaic applications. Tuning the film morphology by various deposition techniques and additives is crucial to achieve solar cells with high performance and long‐term stability. In this work, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) containing functional groups are added to the perovskite precursor solution for fabrication of fluorine‐doped tin oxide/TiO2/perovskite/spiro‐OMeTAD/gold devices. With the addition of CNPs, the perovskite films are thermally more stable, contain larger grains, and become more hydrophobic. NMR experiments provide strong evidence that the functional groups of the CNPs interact with FA cations already in the precursor solution. The fabricated solar cells show a power‐conversion efficiency of 18% and negligible hysteresis.
Biological and behavioral correlates of body weight status among rural Northeast Brazilian schoolchildren
Authors: dos Santos Fernanda Karina , Moura dos Santos Marcos André , Almeida Marcelus Brito , Nobre Isabele Goes , Nobre Gabriela Goes , Ferreira e Silva Wylla Tatiana , Gomes Thayse Natacha , António Ribeiro Maia José , Leandro Carol Góis 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity in youth is a public health problem worldwide; however, few studies have investigated its prevalence and correlates in children from the Brazilian Northeast region rural zone. The purpose of this study was (1) to estimate the prevalence of children's weight status according to sex, age, and birth weight categories; and (2) to investigate the links between biological and behavioral factors and weight categories.MethodsThe sample comprises 501 children (248 girls), aged 7‐10 years, classified as low weight, normal weight, overweight, and obese using body mass index cut‐points. Predicted variables included birth weight, percentage of body fat (%BF), fat free mass (FFM), physical fitness, and gross motor coordination.ResultsData showed differences among weight groups for the predictor variables. Results of the logistic regression revealed that sex, age, %BF, FFM, physical fitness, and motor coordination seem to be relevant predictors of children's weight status, while no significant effect was observed for birth weight.ConclusionChildren with lower physical fitness levels as well as those with lower motor coordination quotient are more likely to be overweight and/or obese. No significant relationship was observed between birth weight and weight status in childhood. Strategies to reduce childhood obesity should consider biological, behavioral, and also environmental predictors.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Atom‐Transfer Radical Cyclization at Remote Unactivated C(sp3)−H Sites: Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer of Hybrid Vinyl Palladium Radical Intermediates
Authors: Ratushnyy Maxim , Parasram Marvin , Wang Yang , Gevorgyan Vladimir 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA novel mild, visible‐light‐induced palladium‐catalyzed hydrogen atom translocation/atom‐transfer radical cyclization (HAT/ATRC) cascade has been developed. This protocol involves a 1,5‐HAT process of previously unknown hybrid vinyl palladium radical intermediates, thus leading to iodomethyl carbo‐ and heterocyclic structures.
A Stable Room‐Temperature Luminescent Biphenylmethyl Radical
Authors: Ai Xin , Chen Yingxin , Feng Yuting , Li Feng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere is only one family of room‐temperature luminescent radicals, the triphenylmethyl radicals, to date. Herein, we synthesize a new stable room‐temperature luminescent radical, (N‐carbazolyl)bis(2,4,6‐tirchlorophenyl)methyl radical (CzBTM), which has improved properties compared to the triphenylmethyl radicals. X‐ray crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements confirmed the radical structure. CzBTM shows room‐temperature deep‐red to near‐infrared emission in various solutions. Both thermal and photo stability were significantly enhanced by the replacement of trichlorobenzene by the carbazole moiety. The electroluminescence results of CzBTM verify its potential application to circumvent the problem of triplet harvesting in traditional fluorescent OLEDs. A new family of stable luminescent radicals based on CzBTM is anticipated.
Downregulation of CSN6 attenuates papillary thyroid carcinoma progression by reducing Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and sensitizes cancer cells to FH535 therapy
Authors: Wen Duo , Liao Tian , Ma Ben , Qu Ning , Shi Rong‐Liang , Lu Zhong‐Wu , Wang Yu‐Long , Wei Wen‐Jun , Ji Qing‐Hai 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe incidence of thyroid cancer has increased worldwide at a rate higher than that of any other cancer. CSN6 is overexpressed in many types of cancers, and such expression is linked to oncogenic activity. However, the detailed biological functions of CSN6 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have not been well characterized. We investigated CSN6 expression in PTC specimens and cell lines. We used short‐hairpin RNA‐mediated gene silencing to explore the biological effects of CSN6 depletion in PTC cells. The combined effects of CSN6 silencing and FH535 therapy were assessed in terms of cell viability. The mechanism by which CSN6 regulated β‐catenin expression was also analyzed. CSN6 levels were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (mRNA), Western blotting, and immunochemistry (protein). The CCK‐8 and migration assays and orthotopic xenograft transplantation were used to investigate the biological effects of CSN6. We assessed the combined effects of CSN6 silencing and FH535 on cell viability in vitro. We also analyzed the relationship between the CSN6 level and clinical pathological status. CSN6 was overexpressed in human PTCs, and loss of CSN6 attenuated tumor proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo. CSN6 stabilized β‐catenin and facilitated the epidermal‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PTC cells. CSN6 positively regulated β‐catenin expression in a β‐Trcp‐dependent manner and triggered expression of several EMT‐related genes regulated by β‐catenin. CSN6 silencing sensitized PTC cells to FH535 therapy via downregulation of the Wnt/β–catenin signaling pathway. Finally, in PTC patients, the level of CSN6 was significantly (inversely) correlated with tumor size, the presence of multifocal lesions, and TNM stage. CSN6 overexpression in PTC is a strong indicator of enhanced tumor aggressiveness. CSN6 promotes PTC progression by inducing the EMT. CSN6 knockdown sensitizes PTC cells to FH535 therapy via downregulation of the Wnt/β–catenin signaling pathway.