bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy Loss in Dairy Cattle: Relationship of Ultrasound, Blood Pregnancy‐Specific Protein B, Progesterone and Production Variables
Authors: Gábor G , Kastelic JP , Abonyi‐Tóth Z , Gábor P , Endrődi T , Balogh OG 
Published: May 2016

ContentsObjectives were to determine associations between percentage pregnancy loss (PPL) in dairy cattle and: (i) pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasonography; (ii) pregnancy diagnosis by serum pregnancy‐specific protein B (PSPB) concentrations, with or without serum progesterone concentrations; and (iii) production and environmental factors. This study included 149 822 pregnancy diagnoses conducted over 13 years in Holstein‐Friesian cows in Hungarian dairy herds. The following were determined: PPL in cows diagnosed pregnant by transrectal ultrasonography 29–42 days after artificial insemination (AI; n = 11 457); PPL in cows diagnosed pregnant by serum PSPB 29–35 days after AI (n = 138 365); and PPL and its association with serum progesterone concentrations, PSPB and production/environmental variables. The definition of PPL was percentage of cows initially diagnosed pregnant based on ultrasonography or PSPB, but not pregnant when examined by transrectal palpation 60 –70 days after AI. The PPL was lower (p < 0.001) in cows following ultrasonographic vs PSPB diagnosis of pregnancy at 29–35 days (8.1 vs 19.3%, respectively), but was higher in cows following ultrasonographic pregnancy diagnosis on 29–35 vs 36–42 days (8.1 vs 7.1%, respectively, P < 0.05). Furthermore, 72.9% of pregnancies with ultrasound‐detected morphological abnormalities resulted in pregnancy loss. As a subset of PSPB data, a fully quantitative PSPB assay was used for 20 430 samples; PPL in cows with a high PSPB concentration (>1.1 ng/ml) was lowest (15.0%), whereas cows with low concentrations of both PSPB and progesterone (0.6–1.1 and <2 ng/ml, respectively) had the highest PPL (76.3%; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, PPL was higher in cows with advanced parity and with high milk production, when ambient temperatures were high, although body condition score (BCS) had no effect on PPL. Finally, there were no significant associations between serum PSPB and environmental temperatures or number of post‐partum uterine treatments.
New supersymmetric black holes in four-dimensional N = 2 supergravity
Authors: Mandal Taniya , Tripathy Prasanta K. 
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we consider the four-dimensional N = 2 supergravity theory arising from the compactification of type IIA string theory on a Calabi–Yau manifold. We analyze the supersymmetric flow equations for static, spherically symmetric, single-centered black holes. These flow equations are solved by a set of algebraic equations involving the holomorphic sections and harmonic functions. We examine black hole configurations with D0–D4–D6 charge for which the most general solution of these algebraic equations are considered. Though the black hole solution is unique for a given value of the charges, we find new phases of the black hole solutions upon varying them.
On a Quasilinear Schrödinger Problem at Resonance
Authors: do Ó João Marcos , Miyagaki Olímpio H. , Moreira Sandra I. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this paper we establish the existence of standing wave solutions for quasilinear Schrödinger equations involving subcritical growth at resonance. By using a change of variables, the quasilinear equation is reduced to a semilinear one, whose associated functional is well defined in the usual Sobolev space. The “first” eigenvalue type of a nonhomogeneous operator has been studied. Using this fact and a variant of the monotone operator theorem, we show that the problem at resonance has at least one nontrivial solution.
Chest drain associated neonatal pneumopericardium
Authors: Tahir Ismail Abdul Qader , Senanayake Eshan , Gurusamy Kalyana Kumar , Khan Natasha , Kumararatne Babu 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Incidence of pneumopericardia in neonates has reduced significantly since the routine administration of surfactant and synchronised modes of ventilation. The majority now occur secondary to the more common air leaks, e.g. pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE); although there are case reports of spontaneous pneumopericardia in the absence of known risk factors. In most cases the air will resorb without active management but if a tension pneumopericardium develops urgent drainage is required to prevent cardiovascular compromise and death. We present a rare case of iatrogenic tension pneumopericardium in a preterm baby secondary to chest drain insertion for a pneumothorax. The resulting air leak was sufficient to require surgical repair via a median sternotomy. This is a previously unreported complication of chest drain insertion in a neonate, and highlights the importance of careful drain placement.
The application of virtual prototyping methods to
determine the dynamic parameters of mobile
robot
Authors: Kurc Krzysztof , Szybicki Dariusz , Burghardt Andrzej , Muszyńska Magdalena 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The paper presents methods used to determine
the parameters necessary to build a mathematical model
of an underwater robot with a crawler drive. The parameters
present in the dynamics equation will be determined
by means of advanced mechatronic design tools, including:
CAD/CAE software andMES modules. The virtual prototyping
process is described as well as the various possible
uses (design adaptability) depending on the optional
accessories added to the vehicle. A mathematical model is
presented to show the kinematics and dynamics of the underwater
crawler robot, essential for the design stage.
Numerical analysis and experimental research of the rubber boot
of the joint drive vehicle
Authors: Ziobro Jan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The article presents many numerical studies and
experimental research of the drive rubber boot of the joint
drive vehicle. Performance requirements have been discussed
and the required coefficients of the mathematical
model for numerical simulation have been determined.
The behavior of living in MSC.MARC environment was examined.
In the analysis the following have been used: hyperplastic
two-parameter model of the Mooney-Rivlin material,
large displacements procedure, safe contact condition,
friction on the sides of the boots. 3D numerical
model of the joint bootwas analyzed under influence of the
forces: tensile, compressive, centrifugal and angular. Numerous
results of studies have been presented. An appropriate
test stand was built and comparison of the results
of the numerical analysis and the results of experimental
studies was made. Numerous requests and recommendations
for utilitarian character have been presented.
The influence of linguistic and social variables in the spirantization of intervocalic /b,d,g/ in Concepción, Chile
Authors: M. A. Rogers Brandon 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOne of the more characteristic features of Spanish is the process of articulatory reduction, known as spirantization, which affects the voiced stops /b,d,g/ resulting in the voiced approximants [β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞]. While studies have shown variation with respect to the phonetic environments in which /b,d,g/ undergo spirantization, the general consensus has been that they are always realized as approximants between vowels in most varieties of Spanish. Likewise, several studies have found that spirantization relates to different social factors in different varieties of Spanish. However, these studies have been impressionistic and/or qualitative in their analyses of the voiced obstruents and have not examined the varying degrees to which intervocalic /b,d,g/ spirantize. The current study analyzes more than 4,500 tokens of intervocalic /b,d,g/ from the spontaneous speech of 31 speakers from the province of Concepción, Chile. Likewise, the present paper examines and compares the phonetic behavior of traditional intervocalic /b,d,g/ with that of /b,d,g/ in non-traditional intervocalic contexts created by /s/ elision. Results indicated that both linguistic and social factors had an influence on the degree to which speakers realized [β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞], and that while speakers still lenite and delete /b,d,g/ in non-traditional intervocalic environments created by /s/ elision, generally they do so at a much lower rate than when in traditional intervocalic contexts.
Determining Soil Bulk Density for Carbon Stock Calculations: A Systematic Method Comparison
Authors: Walter Katja , Don Axel , Tiemeyer Bärbel , Freibauer Annette 
Published: May 2016

Core Ideas
Little is known about the methodological errors of bulk density quantification.
Soil probes are easy to handle, but systematic methods comparisons are lacking.
We compared methods among three soil ring types and three soil probe types at four sites.
Accurate and effective determination of soil bulk density (BD) is needed to monitor soil organic C (SOC) stocks and SOC stock changes. However, BD measurements are often lacking in soil inventories and BD is estimated by pedotransfer functions with substantial uncertainty. In a systematic method comparison, we evaluated different methods for BD determination in the field by comparing the performance of MINI (5 cm3) and BIG (250 cm3) sample rings and of three driving hammer probes differing in diameter, material, and extraction method. Bulk density determined with 100‐cm3 sample rings was defined as the reference method (REF). All methods were tested at five depth increments in nine subplots at four sites with differing soil texture and SOC content. All methods determined BD in the depth increments with low systematic error (8% for probes and 2% for sample rings). The random error of the probe samples was, on average, 50% higher than that of the ring samples when the cores of the probes were adequately corrected for compaction or stretching. The BD was significantly overestimated (by 2%) when determined with MINI rings, and the variation in BD was not reduced with BIG sample rings rather than the smaller REF sample rings. The performance of the driving hammer technique varied widely among probe types and sites. The sheath probe had the smallest systematic error of all probes tested and is recommended for soil inventories. All methods for estimating BD had smaller errors than pedotransfer functions.
Development and evaluation of an intervention for the prevention of childhood obesity in a multiethnic population: the Born in Bradford applied research programme
Authors: Wright John , Fairley Lesley , McEachan Rosemary , Bryant Maria , Petherick Emily , Sahota Pinki , Santorelli Gillian , Barber Sally , Lawlor Debbie A , Taylor Natalie , Bhopal Raj , Cameron Noel , West Jane , Hill Andrew , Summerbell Carolyn , Farrin Amanda , Ball Helen , Brown Tamara , Farrar Diane , Small Neil 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThere is an absence of evidence about interventions to prevent or treat obesity in early childhood and in South Asian populations, in whom risk is higher.ObjectivesTo study patterns and the aetiology of childhood obesity in a multiethnic population and develop a prevention intervention.DesignA cohort of pregnant women and their infants was recruited. Measures to compare growth and identify targets for obesity prevention, sensitive to ethnic differences, were collected. A feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) was undertaken.SettingBradford, UK.ParticipantsA total of 1735 mothers, 933 of whom were of South Asian origin.InterventionA feasibility trial of a group-based intervention aimed at overweight women, delivered ante- and postnatally, targeting key modifiable lifestyle behaviours to reduce infant obesity.Main outcome measuresThe feasibility and acceptability of the pilot intervention.Data sourcesRoutine NHS data and additional bespoke research data.Review methodsA systematic review of diet and physical activity interventions to prevent or treat obesity in South Asian children and adults.ResultsRoutine measures of growth were accurate. The prevalence of risk factors differed between mothers of white British ethnicity and mothers of Pakistani ethnicity and weight and length growth trajectories differed between Pakistani infants and white British infants. Prediction equations for risk of childhood obesity were developed. An evidence-based intervention was evaluated in a pilot RCT and was found to be feasible and acceptable.LimitationsThis was a single-centre observational study and a pilot evaluation.ConclusionsThe programme has been successful in recruiting a unique multiethnic childhood obesity cohort, which has provided new evidence about modifiable risk factors and biethnic growth trajectories. A novel group-based behavioural change intervention has been developed and successfully piloted. A multisite cluster RCT is required to evaluate effectiveness.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN56735429.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Programme Grants for Applied Research programme.
A microwave satellite water vapour column retrieval for polar winter conditions
Authors: Perro Christopher , Lesins Glen , Duck Thomas J. , Cadeddu Maria 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. A new microwave satellite water vapour retrieval for the polar winter atmosphere is presented. The retrieval builds on the work of Miao et al. (2001) and Melsheimer and Heygster (2008), employing auxiliary information for atmospheric conditions and numerical optimization. It was tested using simulated and actual measurements from the Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) satellite instruments. Ground truth was provided by the G-band vapour radiometer (GVR) at Barrow, Alaska. For water vapour columns less than 6 kg m−2, comparisons between the retrieval and GVR result in a root mean square (RMS) deviation of 0.39 kg m−2 and a systematic bias of 0.08 kg m−2. These results are compared with RMS deviations and biases at Barrow for the retrieval of Melsheimer and Heygster (2008), the AIRS and MIRS satellite data products, and the ERA-Interim, NCEP, JRA-55, and ASR reanalyses. When applied to MHS measurements, the new retrieval produces a smaller RMS deviation and bias than for the earlier retrieval and satellite data products. The RMS deviations for the new retrieval were comparable to those for the ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and ASR reanalyses; however, the MHS retrievals have much finer horizontal resolution (15 km at nadir) and reveal more structure. The new retrieval can be used to obtain pan-Arctic maps of water vapour columns of unprecedented quality. It may also be applied to measurements from the Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature 2 (SSM/T2), Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit B (AMSU-B), Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS), Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), and Chinese MicroWave Humidity Sounder (MWHS) instruments.
Representation of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1) CAM4-chem within the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI)
Authors: Tilmes Simone , Lamarque Jean-Francois , Emmons Louisa K. , Kinnison Doug E. , Marsh Dan , Garcia Rolando R. , Smith Anne K. , Neely Ryan R. , Conley Andrew , Vitt Francis , Val Martin Maria , Tanimoto Hiroshi , Simpson Isobel , Blake Don R. , Blake Nicola 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The Community Earth System Model (CESM1) CAM4-chem has been used to perform the Chemistry Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) reference and sensitivity simulations. In this model, the Community Atmospheric Model version 4 (CAM4) is fully coupled to tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry. Details and specifics of each configuration, including new developments and improvements are described. CESM1 CAM4-chem is a low-top model that reaches up to approximately 40 km and uses a horizontal resolution of 1.9° latitude and 2.5° longitude. For the specified dynamics experiments, the model is nudged to Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis. We summarize the performance of the three reference simulations suggested by CCMI, with a focus on the last 15 years of the simulation when most observations are available. Comparisons with selected data sets are employed to demonstrate the general performance of the model. We highlight new data sets that are suited for multi-model evaluation studies. Most important improvements of the model are the treatment of stratospheric aerosols and the corresponding adjustments for radiation and optics, the updated chemistry scheme including improved polar chemistry and stratospheric dynamics and improved dry deposition rates. These updates lead to a very good representation of tropospheric ozone within 20 % of values from available observations for most regions. In particular, the trend and magnitude of surface ozone is much improved compared to earlier versions of the model. Furthermore, stratospheric column ozone of the Southern Hemisphere in winter and spring is reasonably well represented. All experiments still underestimate CO most significantly in Northern Hemisphere spring and show a significant underestimation of hydrocarbons based on surface observations.
Experimental verification of a prediction model for hydrate‐bearing sand
Authors: Pinkert S. , Grozic J. L. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental verification of a prediction model for the mechanical properties of hydrate‐bearing sand. The model is examined using experimental drained triaxial test results of three independent data sets, which are associated with different hydrate formations and testing conditions. For each data set, an optimization process is applied based on numerical modeling of the testing conditions in order to evaluate the pure sand properties. Based on these properties, the model forecasts the stress‐stain curves for different hydrate saturations, based on an advanced hydrate simulator. Although the model does not show a fair forecast with “ice‐seeding” hydrate formation samples and for specimens tested under gas saturation, it predicts the mechanical behavior of samples with “partly saturated” hydrate formation tested under water saturation.
Modeling the effect of wave‐vegetation interaction on wave setup
Authors: van Rooijen A. A. , McCall R. T. , van Thiel de Vries J. S. M. , van Dongeren A. R. , Reniers A. J. H. M. , Roelvink J. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAquatic vegetation in the coastal zone attenuates wave energy and reduces the risk of coastal hazards, e.g., flooding. Besides the attenuation of sea‐swell waves, vegetation may also affect infragravity‐band (IG) waves and wave setup. To date, knowledge on the effect of vegetation on IG waves and wave setup is lacking, while they are potentially important parameters for coastal risk assessment. In this study, the storm impact model XBeach is extended with formulations for attenuation of sea‐swell and IG waves, and wave setup effects in two modes: the sea‐swell wave phase‐resolving (nonhydrostatic) and the phase‐averaged (surfbeat) mode. In surfbeat mode, a wave shape model is implemented to capture the effect of nonlinear wave‐vegetation interaction processes on wave setup. Both modeling modes are verified using data from two flume experiments with mimic vegetation and show good skill in computing the sea‐swell and IG wave transformation, and wave setup. In surfbeat mode, the wave setup prediction greatly improves when using the wave shape model, while in nonhydrostatic mode (nonlinear) intrawave effects are directly accounted for. Subsequently, the model is used for a range of coastal geomorphological configurations by varying bed slope and vegetation extent. The results indicate that the effect of wave‐vegetation interaction on wave setup may be relevant for a range of typical coastal geomorphological configurations (e.g., relatively steep to gentle slope coasts fronted by vegetation).
Using the cold plasma dispersion relation and whistler mode waves to quantify the antenna sheath impedance of the Van Allen Probes EFW instrument
Authors: Hartley D. P. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Bounds S. R. , Averkamp T. F. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Wygant J. R. , Bonnell J. W. , Santolík O. , Watt C. E. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCold plasma theory and parallel wave propagation are often assumed when approximating the whistler mode magnetic field wave power from electric field observations. The current study is the first to include the wave normal angle from the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science package on board the Van Allen Probes in the conversion factor, thus allowing for the accuracy of these assumptions to be quantified. Results indicate that removing the assumption of parallel propagation does not significantly affect calculated plasmaspheric hiss wave powers. Hence, the assumption of parallel propagation is valid. For chorus waves, inclusion of the wave normal angle in the conversion factor leads to significant alterations in the distribution of wave power ratios (observed/ calculated); the percentage of overestimates decreases, the percentage of underestimates increases, and the spread of values is significantly reduced. Calculated plasmaspheric hiss wave powers are, on average, a good estimate of those observed, whereas calculated chorus wave powers are persistently and systematically underestimated. Investigation of wave power ratios (observed/calculated), as a function of frequency and plasma density, reveals a structure consistent with signal attenuation via the formation of a plasma sheath around the Electric Field and Waves spherical double probes instrument. A simple, density‐dependent model is developed in order to quantify this effect of variable impedance between the electric field antenna and the plasma interface. This sheath impedance model is then demonstrated to be successful in significantly improving agreement between calculated and observed power spectra and wave powers.
Nitrogenase – eine Geschichte von Kohlenstoffatomen
Authors: Hu Yilin , Ribbe Markus W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Nitrogenase, benannt nach der Fähigkeit, Stickstoff in Ammoniak umzuwandeln, hat eine überraschende Verbindung zu Kohlenstoff – einerseits durch das interstitielle Carbid im zentralen Hohlraum des Cofaktors, andererseits durch ihre Fähigkeit zur reduktiven Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Kupplung kleiner Kohlenstoffverbindungen zu Kohlenwasserstoffen. Neueste Studien enthüllen einen SAM‐abhängigen Radikalmechanismus für das Einbringen des Carbids in den Cofaktor. Dieser Mechanismus entspricht sowohl einem neuartigen Biosyntheseweg zu komplexen Metallclustern als auch einer neuartigen Weise der Schwefelverdrängung für die Aktivierung von Kohlenmonoxid durch die Nitrogenase. Hierbei ist das interstitielle Carbid essenziell; es verleiht dem Cofaktor eine gewisse Flexibilität bei gleichzeitiger Erhaltung der strukturellen Einheit.
Farbselektive Photokatalyse: kontrollierte Bindungsaktivierung durch Redoxpotentialregulation über die Anregungslichtfarbe
Authors: Ghosh Indrajit , König Burkhard 
Published: May 2016

AbstractKatalysatoren, deren Aktivität und Selektivität durch externe Stimuli reguliert wird, können die effiziente mehrstufige Synthese von komplexen Molekülen und Pharmazeutika ermöglichen. Hier wird über die Regulation des Redoxpotentials eines Photokatalysators zur kontrollierten Aktivierung von chemischen Bindungen durch die Farbe des Anregungslichts berichtet. Die Lichtfarbenregulation der Redoxkraft eines Photokatalysators ergänzt die Photoredoxkatalyse um einen neuen Selektivitätsparameter: Anstatt den Katalysator oder die Liganden auszutauschen, reicht der Wechsel der Anregungslichtfarbe aus, um die Selektivität einer chemischen Transformation zu ändern. Auf Grundlage dieses Prinzips gelingen die selektive Aktivierung von Aryl‐Halogen‐Bindungen für C‐H‐Arylierungen und die sequenzielle Umwandlung von funktionellen Gruppen mit unterschiedlichem Reduktionspotential durch verschiedene Lichtfarben zur Anregung desselben Photokatalysators.