bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Hybrid Active–Passive Thermal Management of Prismatic Li‐Ion Batteries Using Phase Change Materials and Porous‐Filled Mini‐Channels
Authors: Venkatesh R. J. , Bhemuni Vara Prasad , Chinnam Dilip Shyam Prakash , Mohan Gift M. D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTackling climate change is crucial, and electrifying the vehicular transportation sector is essential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries are highly efficient for electric vehicles (EVs) but face challenges such as thermal management, risk of thermal runaway, and high costs of lithium and cobalt. Overcoming these challenges is vital for the widespread adoption of hybrid and EVs. To overcome this drawback, this article proposed a large‐kernel attention graph convolutional network (LKAGCN) with leaf in wind optimization algorithm (LWOA) named as LKAGCN‐LWOA technique, which enhances the thermal management of prismatic Li‐ion batteries by integrating both active and passive cooling techniques. The system incorporates phase change materials (PCMs) with porous‐filled mini‐channels to regulate battery temperature effectively. The LKAGCN analyze thermal properties, battery conditions, and PCM characteristics to predict and optimize the thermal behavior of the battery pack using LWOA. The proposed methods tune the parameters of the hybrid thermal management system, ensuring efficient thermal regulation and improved performance. The proposed method is compared to various existing methods such as convolutional neural network (CNN), Taguchi method, and Finite element model (FEM).
Electronic Structure Simulations of the Platinum/Support/Ionomer Interface in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Gui Xin , Auer Alexander A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, we present electronic structure calculations to quantify and rationalize the interactions between catalyst, support, ionomer, and active molecular species in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Quantifying interaction energies and their scaling with size allows us to rationalize and compare the fundamental driving forces behind structure formation and material properties. Our basic approach involves simplifying the most important interactions between different components using smaller model systems, such as limited‐size platinum nanoparticles, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (graphene flakes), and fragments of various functional units of the Nafion ionomer while applying unbiased first‐principles (density functional theory) simulation methods. To guide this quantification, we propose an analysis based on the linear dependence of interaction energy on the number of interacting atom pairs in the interface. This enables us to compare and categorize interactions between catalyst, ionomer, and support with interactions like catalyst–reactant and catalyst–catalyst poison.
Characteristics of and Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms Preceding Dementia: A Study of 82‐Year‐Old Men From the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men
Authors: Kallström Angelica , Giedraitis Vilmantas , Franzon Kristin , Löwenmark Malin , Kilander Lena , Boström Gustaf 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDepression and dementia are known to be associated. The identification of characteristics distinguishing depression prodromal to dementia from other depressive symptoms would be of value for early identification of dementia. The study of risk factors for depressive symptoms prodromal to dementia could improve preventive care and provide clues to the causes of dementia.MethodDementia‐free 82‐year‐old participants were stratified into groups that did (n = 126) and did not (n = 378) subsequently develop dementia. Examinations took place from 2003 to 2005 and follow‐up ended 1 January 2015. Their baseline characteristics and depressive symptoms, measured using the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15), were compared. Multivariate regression analyses were performed for the two groups separately, with the total GDS‐15 score as the dependent variable.ResultsThe groups did not differ significantly in answers to any of the GDS‐15 questions, or mean ± SD score, which was 2.4 ± 2.5 among those who developed dementia and 2.1 ± 2.3 among those who did not. (p = 0.33). Stroke before the age of 82 years and the inability to use stairs had significant impacts on the GDS‐15 scores in both groups. For those who did not develop dementia, age, dependence in activities of daily living, and cancer also had significant impacts. Cancer had opposite associations with depressive symptoms in the two groups.ConclusionsNo difference was found in depressive symptoms preceding and not preceding dementia using the GDS‐15. The results suggest that risk factors for depressive symptoms may differ depending on whether they precede dementia.
Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging: Assessment of perfusion at pancreatic resection margin during pancreatoduodenectomy: A cross sectional study
Authors: Ghimire Roshan , Limbu Yugal , Regmee Sujan , Maharjan Dhiresh Kumar , Mishra Aakash , Pahari Rabin , Thapa Prabin Bikram 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundClinically relevant‐postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR‐POPF) is one of the dreaded complications of pancreatoduodenectomy. Vascularity of the stump of the pancreas during pancreatico‐enteric anastomosis is considered one of the major determinants of POPF. Indocyanine green (ICG) is one of the modality for vascular assessment; hence, we aimed to evaluate the role of ICG fluorescence imaging to assess the vascularity of the pancreatic stump during pancreatoduodenectomy.MethodologyThe study was conducted at Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal, during the period of 1 year (June 01, 2022–July 31, 2023). All of the patients who were undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy were included in the study. In all cases, intraoperatively, ICG fluorescence detection at the pancreatic stump margin was evaluated using near‐infrared light.ResultsA total of 28 patients underwent PD during this period. The ICG fluorescence imaging was positive at the pancreatic stump margin in 25 out of the 28 patients (89%), and in three cases, the florescence was negative. In patients who had negative fluorescence, revision of the stump margin was performed. Clinically relevant POPF was noted in 2 out of 28 cases, which had a soft pancreas with a small duct, although the pancreatic stump margin had good ICG florescence per‐operatively.ConclusionICG is inexpensive and a safe dye to use in clinical practice. We can objectively assess the pancreatic stump vascularity using intraoperative ICG fluorescence imaging, thereby potentially decreasing postoperative pancreatic fistula.
Non‐Stationary Flash Drought Analysis and Its Teleconnection With Low‐Frequency Climatic Oscillations
Authors: Priya Krishna , Reddy V. M. , Ray Litan Kumar , Das Jew 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFlash droughts, characterised by their rapid onset and significant impacts on local communities and agriculture, pose challenges for monitoring and mitigation efforts due to their unpredictable nature. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the occurrence, characteristics and influencing factors of flash droughts in the Ganga River Basin (GRB) for the period 1981–2020. Flash droughts are identified using the pentad averaged root zone soil moisture (PRZSM). The Mann‐Kendall trend test is used to determine the spatial and temporal pattern of flash drought characteristics. Furthermore, a multivariate flash drought index (MFDI) is developed to account for the combined effects of flash drought characteristics. Finally, wavelet coherence analysis evaluates the relationship between climatic oscillations and MFDI at the sub‐basin scale. Utilising a revised flash drought identification approach incorporating non‐stationary cumulative distribution functions (CDFs), the study identifies flash droughts in the GRB, particularly emphasising higher occurrences in the Chambal and Upper Yamuna Sub‐basins. Analysis of flash drought characteristics under stationary and non‐stationary conditions reveals increased frequency, severity and decline rates, highlighting the impact of evaporation and latent heat flux. Furthermore, the Upper Ganga Sub‐basin demonstrates coherence with the DMI at shorter time scales (1 to 4‐year time scales), while the Lower Ganga Sub‐basin displays a pronounced association with the NINO3.4 index (5.65‐year time scale), indicating the impact of climate oscillations on flash drought dynamics in these regions. These findings provide valuable insights for drought monitoring, prediction and management strategies in a changing climate, emphasising the need for integrated approaches to address the complex interplay between climate variability and flash drought occurrences in the GRB.
Connectedness Structure and Volatility Dynamics Between BRICS Markets and International Volatility Indices: An Investigation
Authors: Gökgöz Halilibrahim , Ben Salem Salha , Bejaoui Azza , Jeribi Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis research aims to explore and understand the dynamic nature of volatility connectedness between BRICS stock markets and various asset price implied volatility indices through a TVP‐VAR broadened connectedness approach. Results display nontrivial dynamic connectedness in the BRICS stock markets and uncertainties in different markets during the period 31 March 2019–31 August 2023. They also report heterogeneous patterns in the connectedness between stock indices and volatility indices. The time‐varying spillover effect seems to be strong during the black‐swan events. The variations of volatility connectedness among each volatility index and stock market increasingly depend on unusual stress caused by the outbreak of unexpected events. These finding provide significant guidance for investors seeking to enhance their risk management practices. By leveraging the insights into volatility transmission mechanisms and the roles of different volatility indices, investors can make informed decisions to protect and grow their investments in an increasingly volatile global market.
Impact of gestational age on the management of acute appendicitis during pregnancy: A nationwide observational study
Authors: Sugai Shunya , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Yasunaga Hideo , Aso Shotaro , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yoshihara Kosuke , Nishijima Koji 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare conservative management and appendectomy for acute appendicitis during pregnancy by trimester.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used data from a national inpatient database from July 2010 to March 2022. Pregnant women diagnosed with acute appendicitis were included. Multivariable analysis using generalized estimating equations was performed to compare outcomes between conservative management and appendectomy across trimesters. The main outcomes were preterm labor, preterm delivery, or abortion; antepartum hemorrhage; duration of hospitalization; and duration of antibiotic use.ResultsA total of 3158 individuals from 632 acute‐care hospitals were eligible. The proportion of conservative management versus appendectomy by trimester were 507 (49.1%) versus 525 (50.9%) in the first, 690 (44.6%) versus 856 (55.4%) in the second, and 337 (58.1%) versus 243 (41.9%) in the third. In the second trimester, appendectomy was associated with a higher rate of preterm delivery, preterm labor, or abortion (odds ratio [OR], 2.91 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.62–5.25]). Antepartum hemorrhage occurred more frequently for appendectomy in the first (OR, 2.12 [95% CI, 1.31–3.43]) and third (OR, 2.43 [95% CI, 1.79–3.31]) trimesters. Appendectomy was associated with a longer duration of hospitalization in the second (2.15 days; 95% CI, 1.14–3.17 days) and third (3.97 days; 95% CI, 2.22–5.71 days) trimesters. Antibiotic use duration was shorter for appendectomy in the first (−1.20 days [95% CI −1.51 to −0.90 days]) and second (−0.61 days [95% CI −0.90 to −0.32 days]) trimesters.ConclusionsClinical outcomes of acute appendicitis during pregnancy vary by trimester. Considering the appendectomy risks, conservative management may be viable depending on the clinical context and trimester.
Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound With Sonazoid for Assessment of Focal Liver Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tang Yongqing , Sasaki Shun‐ichi , Hawley Joshua , Peillon Aurélie , Sjöström Anders , Fuentes‐Alburo Adolfo , Tranquart Francois 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis meta‐analysis examined the diagnostic accuracy of Sonazoid‐enhanced ultrasonography (SZ‐CEUS) in discriminating malignant from benign focal liver lesions (FLLs) and HCC from non‐HCC FLLs. Finding relevant studies required a rigorous PubMed, EMBASE, and other database search. To distinguish malignant from benign FLLs, SZ‐CEUS had a pooled sensitivity of 94% (95% CI: 0.91–0.95) and specificity of 84% (95%: 0.78–0.89). HCC distinction had 83% sensitivity and 96% specificity (95% CI: 0.80–0.85 and 0.95–0.97). SZ‐CEUS accurately distinguishes malignant from benign FLLs and HCC from non‐HCC lesions, especially smaller HCC lesions.
A qualitative study on the field experience of genetic counseling in Korea
Authors: Choi In Hee , Park JeongYun , Son Haeng‐Mi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn Korea, genetic counseling services began with the opening of genetic clinics in the early 1990s; in recent years, demand for these services has increased. However, genetic counseling is not an officially recognized healthcare service under the Korean national health insurance system; further, its certification is not recognized as a medical qualification. To clarify the role and significance of genetic counselors, this study examined their field experiences. To this end, we conducted focus group interviews with 11 certified genetic counselors, six advanced practice nurses, and four regular nurses. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and examined using thematic analysis. We found that even though Korea did not recognize their roles, the participants met their responsibilities and primary duties. In addition, they faced challenges during counseling due to a lack of formal education in genetics and genomics. Moreover, they encountered dilemmas related to the legal and ethical aspects of decision support for family testing or prenatal diagnosis due to the complexity of rare genetic disorders. However, they attempted to acquire the specialized knowledge needed to support patients with rare genetic disorders and their families, gradually developing practical experience and specialized knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to develop manuals, establish systems, and improve working environments to provide high‐quality and specialized genetic counseling. Additionally, there is a need for national support, such as establishing set wages for genetic counselors, developing a national qualification certification system, and securing dedicated personnel.
Respiratory hospitalizations and ICU admissions among children with and without medical complexity at the end of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Belza Christina , Diong Christina , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Nelson Katherine E. , Aoyama Kazuyoshi , Fu Longdi , Buchanan Francine , Diaz Sanober , Goldberg Ori , Guttmann Astrid , Hepburn Charlotte Moore , Mahant Sanjay , Martens Rachel , Saunders Natasha R. , Cohen Eyal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDecreased severe respiratory illness was observed during the first 2 years of the COVID‐19 pandemic, with a relatively smaller decrease among children with medical complexity (CMC) compared to non‐CMC. We extended this analysis to the third pandemic year (April 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023) when pandemic public health measures were loosened. A population‐based repeated cross‐sectional study evaluated respiratory hospitalizations among CMC and non‐CMC (<18 years) in Ontario, Canada. Among the 67,517 CMC and 3,006,504 non‐CMC in Ontario, there were more CMC respiratory hospitalizations compared with the expected prepandemic levels (n = 3145 hospitalizations, corresponding to rate ratio [RR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–1.25) with an even larger relative increase among non‐CMC (n = 6653, RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.34–1.38). Increased intensive care unit admissions for respiratory illness were also observed (CMC: RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.31–1.59; non‐CMC: RR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.89–2.16). Understanding respiratory surge drivers may provide insights to protect at‐risk children from respiratory morbidity.
Synthesis and Application of D‐ and 13C‐Labelled tert‐Butyl Hoechst Dye
Authors: Vlasenko Yulia A. , To Avery J. , Fortier Tess , Evans Natasha M. , Lindsay Cole J. , Palermo Peter J. , Dieckmann Thorsten , Murphy Graham K. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHerein, the successful syntheses of D3‐ and 13C‐N‐methyl and D9‐tert‐butyl Hoechst dyes are presented. This includes the preparation of the labelled D3‐ and 13C‐N‐methyl piperazines and D9‐tert‐butylated hydroxytoluene precursors. The tert‐butyl Hoechst dye is known to bind a specific RNA aptamer. Spectroscopic NMR studies of the labelled Hoechst dye‐aptamer complexes allowed for the unambiguous assignment of chemical shifts, as well as the dynamics of the bound dye.
Correlation of White Matter Microstructure MRI and Inflammatory Cytokine Alterations With Symptom Severity in Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Duan Gaoxiong , Qin Haixia , Lai YinQi , Zhang Qingping , Lai Ziyan , Chen Ya , Wu Yuejuan , Liu Zhen , Zhou Kaixuan , Zhang Yan , Li Shanshan , Lin Shihuan , Sun Ruijing , Ou Yuanyuan , Liang Xiaoli , Liang Lingyan , Chen Zhizhong , Deng Demao 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundWomen with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are at increased risk for depression throughout their lives. White matter (WM) microstructure and inflammatory cytokine alterations have been proposed in its etiology.PurposeTo investigate whether WM, assessed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and inflammatory cytokine levels are altered in PMS, and to examine the relationships between WM microstructure, inflammatory cytokines, and symptom severity.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsForty‐two PMS patients and 58 healthy controls (HCs), categorized according to the daily record of severity of problems (DRSP).Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, echo planar imaging DTI.AssessmentFractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were measured by using tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS). Venous blood was collected to measure cytokines, including interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Symptoms were assessed by using the DRSP.Statistical TestsTwo‐sample t test or Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare the DRSP and cytokines. Abnormal DTI metrics in WM were extracted and the differences between groups were analyzed by using two sample t‐tests. Spearman's correlation (r) was used to assess the relationship between DTI metrics, cytokines, and DRSP. A P‐value <0.05 with FDR correction was considered statistically significant.ResultsCompared with HCs, PMS patients showed significantly lower FA in the corpus callosum and corona radiata, and significantly higher MD, AD, and RD in the corticospinal tract (CST), and significantly higher MD and RD in the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR). These differential metrics were significantly correlated with DRSP. Patients showed significantly higher IL‐1β and TNF‐α than HCs. Moreover, TNF‐α correlated positively with MD, AD, and RD in both groups (r range, 0.256–0.315).Data ConclusionAlterations of WM microstructure and IL‐1β and TNF‐α may be associated with PMS symptom severity, and TNF‐α may correlate with DTI metrics of CST and ATR pathways.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Sweet cherry response in absorption and mobility of 10B applied to soil and flowers under two soil boron conditions
Authors: Arredondo Gerardo , Bonomelli Claudia , Nario Adriana , Rojas‐Silva Ximena , Gaete Patricia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundBoron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants, and B deficiency reduces fruit set in sweet cherry trees. Several studies showed the advantages of foliar and soil B applications in fruit trees, but there is little information on the distribution of B in the plant, becoming an important issue when nutritional corrections are needed.AimsThe study aims to determine B mobility and distribution in sweet cherry trees, applying 10B to the flowers and soil, at different timings and under two levels of soil B availability.MethodsTwo experiments were conducted with sweet cherry trees. In the two previous seasons, the plants were managed in two soil B availability conditions (deficient and adequate). The experiments consisted of the applications of 10B solution to the flowers and the soil at different timings and under both soil B conditions.ResultsHigher 10B absorption occurred when the 10B was applied to the soil at full bloom than when it was applied before leaf senescence. Boron was mobilized to all the tissues, but mainly to the leaves. Nevertheless, the fruit presented no differences in 10B excess for both application timings. Irrespective of soil B conditions, the 10B applied to the soil at full bloom was absorbed and mobilized to different tissues, that is, roots + rootstock + trunk (39%–44%) and stems + leaves (53%–55%), showing no differences between them. A lower percentage of B was located in the fruit, with 1% and 8% at soil B‐deficient and B‐adequate conditions, respectively. The highest percentage of the 10B applied to the flowers remained in the fruit (∼70%), and nearly 20% and 10% were mobilized to stems + leaves and roots + rootstock + trunk, respectively, independent of the soil B condition.ConclusionsBoron applied to soil at full bloom or before leaf senescence, under B‐deficient soil condition, is absorbed and mobilized to all the plant tissues, enhancing the B status in sweet cherry trees particularly when it is applied at full bloom. However, B soil application before leaf senescence would improve the availability of B (reserves) to the flowers in the following season. Boron applied to the flowers, at full bloom, remains in a high proportion in the fruit, becoming an effective complementary method to meet the fruit demands of the growing season, independent of the soil B conditions.
Effects of yeast β‐glucan on gelatinization, structure and digestibility of potato starch
Authors: Zhang Lin , Dong Lin , Zhang Hua , He Yan , Ma Xia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPotato starch (PS) is widely used in food, but its application is limited because of its poor heat resistance and easy aging. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt some modification methods to improve its performance and expand its application range.RESULTSTo improve these shortcomings of PS, the effect of yeast β‐glucan (YG) at different concentrations (0%, 1%, 2% and 3%, w/v) on the gelatinization, structure and in vitro digestive properties of PS were investigated. The interaction of YG with PS was different because of different molecular weights. The addition of YG reduced the peak viscosity and increased the final viscosity of PS. YG made the texture of PS gel softer, and the effect of low molecular weight YG was more obvious. YG enhanced the thermal stability of PS. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that YG and PS interacted through hydrogen bonds. In addition, YG reduced the digestibility of PS in vitro.CONCLUSIONCollectively, the addition of β‐glucan to PS can serve as a new approach to enhance the technological properties of PS in food applications. These results will provide theoretical basis for PS to develop into functional food. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.