bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture in psychiatric settings
Authors: Hamaideh S.H. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundMental health nurses have a crucial role in preventing medical incidents and in promoting safety culture because they provide and coordinate most of patients’ care. Therefore, they are able to enhance patients’ outcomes and reduce nurses’ injuries.AimsThe aims of this study were to assess the perception of mental health nurses about patients’ safety culture and to detect the factors which may affect patients’ safety culture at psychiatric hospitals.MethodsA predictive correlational design was employed to collect data about patient safety culture and safety outcomes from 224 mental health nurses working in psychiatric hospitals using Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture.ResultsPositive scores to patients’ safety culture dimensions ranged between 13.4% and 81.2%. Two‐thirds of mental health nurses perceived safety as excellent/very good, 20.5% perceived it as acceptable and 10.8% perceived it as poor/failing. Overall perception of safety correlated significantly with four dimensions and explained 32.6% of the variance. Frequency of events reported correlated significantly with six dimensions and explained 23.1% of the variance.ConclusionOf the 12 dimensions of patients’ safety culture, only one was strong, six within acceptable range and five were weak and need improvement.Implications for nursing and health policyHealthcare managers and policy‐makers should encourage educational interventions and help to establish a reporting system that focus on improving systems, not on blaming individuals and encourage open communication among mental healthcare workers.
An epidemiological study of avian influenza A (H5) virus in nomadic ducks and their raising practices in northeastern Bangladesh, 2011‐2012
Authors: Sarkar Shamim , Khan Salah Uddin , Mikolon Andrea , Rahman Mohammad Ziaur , Abedin Jaynal , Zeidner Nord , Sturm‐Ramirez Katherine , Luby Stephen P. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundIn Bangladesh, nomadic duck flocks are groups of domestic ducks reared for egg production that are moved to access feeding sites beyond their owners’ village boundaries and are housed overnight in portable enclosures in scavenging areas. The objectives of this study were to measure the prevalence of influenza A virus RNA and H5‐specific antibodies in nomadic ducks and to characterize nomadic duck raising practices in northeastern Bangladesh.MethodsWe tested duck egg yolk specimens by competitive ELISA to detect antibodies against avian influenza A (H5) and environmental fecal samples by real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) to detect influenza A virus RNA and H5 subtype.ResultsThe median age of the ducks was 24 months (range: 8‐36 months) and the median flock size was 300 ducks (range: 105‐1100). Of 1860 egg yolk samples, 556 (30%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 28‐32) were positive for antibodies against H5 and 58 flocks (94%) had at least one egg with H5‐specific antibodies. Of 496 fecal samples, 121 (24%, 95% CI: 22‐29) had detectable influenza A RNA. Thirty‐three flocks (53%) had at least one fecal sample positive for influenza A RNA.ConclusionsNomadic ducks in Bangladesh are commonly infected with avian influenza A (H5) virus and may serve as a bridging host for transmission of avian influenza A (H5) virus or other avian influenza A viruses subtypes between wild waterfowl, backyard poultry, and humans in Bangladesh.
Development and validation of the predrinking motives questionnaire
Authors: Labhart Florian , Kuntsche Emmanuel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractElaborating on instruments for U.S. university students, we developed and validated the predrinking (drinking before going out) motives questionnaire (PMQ) for general populations of young adults. In popular nightlife areas in Switzerland, 316 predrinkers aged 16–25 (48% women) were recruited. Focus group interviews and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded a three‐factor measure, with a structure that was invariant across linguistic regions, gender, age, and student status. “Fun/intoxication” motives were associated with predrinking but “conviviality” and “facilitation” motives were not. Men scored higher on “facilitation” than women and those from the French‐speaking region scored higher on “conviviality” than German‐speaking participants. Although yet to be replicated in other countries, the PMQ appears to be an appropriate general measure of predrinking motives.
Nonlinear FEM based high‐speed shell shattering simulation for shelled edible agricultural products: Pecan fruit shattering
Authors: Celik H. Kursat , Caglayan Nuri , Rennie Allan E.W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper introduces an advanced engineering simulation procedure for the nonlinear finite element method (FEM) based high‐speed shattering case of shelled edible agricultural products. A high‐speed impactor which is targeted at the Pecan fruit (kernel‐in‐shell) was considered in this case study. Physical compression tests were conducted on Pecan fruit specimens and experimental deformation characteristics were utilized to describe realistic material models in the FEM based engineering simulation. Subsequently, a reverse engineering approach was employed in the solid modeling stage and the Pecan shell shattering case under high‐speed loading was simulated, considering the explicit dynamics approach. The effect of the high loading rate on the deformation characteristics of the Pecan fruit components was observed. Visual outputs from the simulation revealed the shattering behavior of the Pecan fruit components under defined boundary conditions. In addition to useful visual simulation outputs, time‐dependant stress distributions on the Pecan fruit under high‐speed loading rates were represented using graphs. Simulation results have revealed that maximum equivalent stress values were 7.1 (MPa), 5.1 (MPa), and 0.336 (MPa) for shell, packing material, and kernel, respectively. Maximum reaction force at impact was calculated as 996,000 (N). This work contributes to further research into the use of nonlinear numerical method based high‐speed deformation simulation studies for shelled edible agricultural products.Practical applicationAs the industry relevance, useful deformation visuals and numerical findings related to impact shattering case of the Pecan fruit have been exhibited and the findings have been presented in a form which may be used as input parameters in design studies of shelled agricultural product processing machinery systems used in related industry.
Influence of Hymenaea courbaril gum as a new additive on nixtamalized flour properties and quality of tortilla
Authors: Calderón‐Peralta Cinthya Vanessa , Jiménez‐Hernández Javier , Maldonado‐Astudillo Yanik Ixchel , Flores‐Casamayor Verónica , Arámbula‐Villa Gerónimo , Salazar Ricardo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHymenaea courbaril seed xyloglucan was obtained and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal stability, and moisture adsorption. In addition, the effect of the addition of H. courbaril gum (HCG) (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 g/100 g) on nixtamalized corn flour (NCF) and its influence on tortilla quality were analyzed. The effect of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and xanthan gum (XAG) was also analyzed for comparison purposes. Supplementation of NCF with HCG significantly increased peak viscosity, gelatinization enthalpy, and the water absorption of NCF as well as tortilla yield. Thus, HCG could be used as a substitute for CMC or XAG to improve the functional properties of NCF. The tortillas became more flexible when gums were added, the largest effect was produced by HCG followed by XAG. SEM images revealed a protective effect of either HCG or XAG on the starch destruction during tortilla cooking.Practical applicationsGums are frequently used for improving the texture and structure of foods in general. Carboxymethyl cellulose and xanthan gum are frequently used in food applications. The use of new materials to replace popular gums is of significant importance to create new food products and improve food quality in the food industry. In this article, we report the effect of the supplementation of Hymenaea courbaril gum on nixtamalized corn flour and its influence on tortilla quality. The results obtained suggest that H. courbaril gum has perspectives as a tortilla improver. This is of utmost importance, because it provides the food manufacturer with information of which hydrocolloid is more likely to achieve a better product under a wider range of processing conditions.
Sex‐Specific Effects of Chronic Administration of Relaxin‐3 on Food Intake, Body Weight and the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Gonadal Axis in Rats
Authors: Calvez J. , de Ávila C. , Guèvremont G. , Timofeeva E. 
Published: December 2016

The present study examined the effects of chronic central administration of relaxin‐3 (RLN3) on food intake, body weight and fat mass in intact and sterilised male and female rats, as well as on hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis activity in intact male and female rats that received i.c.v. infusions of RLN3 (400 pmol/day) or vehicle during a 14‐day period. The intact RLN3‐injected rats displayed a higher body weight than the vehicle‐treated groups, and this increase was statistically significantly stronger in female rats compared to male rats. In addition, feed efficiency and gonadal white adipose tissue weight were higher in female RLN3‐injected rats. Chronic i.c.v. administration of RLN3 activated the HPG axis in intact male rats, whereas inhibition of the HPG axis was observed in intact female rats. RLN3 significantly increased the plasma levels of luteinising hormone and follicular‐stimulating hormone in male rats but not in female rats. Conversely, hypothalamic expression of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone mRNA was decreased by RLN3 in female rats but not in male rats. In addition, the plasma levels of oestradiol were significantly decreased by RLN3 administration in female rats. Consequently, intact RLN3‐injected female rats failed to display phasic inhibition of eating during oestrus. Sex‐specific effects of RLN3 on food intake and body weight were also observed in ovariectomised female and orchidectomised male rats, suggesting that the sex‐specific effects of RLN3 on energy metabolism are independent on the differential effects of RLN3 on HPG axis activity in male and female rats.
School Wellness Programs: Magnitude and Distribution in New York City Public Schools
Authors: Stiefel Leanna , Elbel Brian , Pflugh Prescott Melissa , Aneja Siddhartha , Schwartz Amy E. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPublic schools provide students with opportunities to participate in many discretionary, unmandated wellness programs. Little is known about the number of these programs, their distribution across schools, and the kinds of students served. We provide evidence on these questions for New York City (NYC) public schools.METHODSData on wellness programs were collected from program websites, NYC's Office of School Food and Wellness, and direct contact with program sponsors for 2013. Programs were grouped into categories, nutrition, fitness, and comprehensive, and were combined with data on school characteristics available from NYC's Department of Education. Numbers of programs and provision of programs were analyzed for relationships with demographic and school structural characteristics, using descriptive statistics and multiple regression.RESULTSDiscretionary wellness programs are numerous, at 18 programs. Little evidence supports inequity according to student race/ethnicity, income, or nativity, but high schools, new schools, co‐located schools, small schools, and schools with larger proportions of inexperienced teachers are less likely to provide wellness programs.CONCLUSIONSOpportunities exist to further the reach of wellness programs in public schools by modifying them for high school adoption and building capacity in schools less likely to have the administrative support to house them.
School‐Based Positive Youth Development: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Curran Tess , Wexler Lisa 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe values, perspectives, and behavior patterns that begin in adolescence can continue throughout one's life. Because of these lifetime effects, much research has focused on adolescent risk and prevention, but a new body of knowledge investigates protective factors and strengths. Positive youth development (PYD) increases internal and external assets during adolescence and is often based within communities. This review, however, focuses on school‐based PYD interventions because these institutions are the largest youth‐serving institutions in the country.METHODSThis review considered 711 PYD school‐based programs found using 4 databases. We included articles published after 2000, and did not review those reporting on regular school curriculum or activities.RESULTSThe 24 remaining articles describe PYD programs that fall under 3 general categories: curriculum‐based, leadership development, and student‐based mentorship programs.CONCLUSIONSEvaluations indicate that programs increase intrapsychic measures of well‐being in youth as well as social confidence and healthy behaviors. However, it is important to not only include “at‐risk” persons in programming, because a mixed group of young people encourages a more positive peer‐to‐peer climate. In addition, peer mentorship activities should be actively facilitated by an adult supervisor to ensure positive communication and trust between the mentor and mentee.
Epidemiology of onychomycosis in Serbia: a laboratory‐based survey and risk factor identification
Authors: Dubljanin Eleonora , Džamić Aleksandar , Vujčić Isidora , Grujičić Sandra Š. , Arsenijević Valentina A. , Mitrović Sanja , Čalovski Ivana Čolović 
Published: December 2016

SummaryOnychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and/or toenails caused by dermatophytes, yeasts and non‐dermatophyte moulds. The epidemiology of onychomycosis in Serbia is yet to be fully established. This epidemiological study was aimed at evaluating the epidemiology of onychomycosis in a sample of the Serbian patients at risk of onychomycosis, to determine the fungal aetiological agents and to identify the possible risk factors. The study population included 374 patients from six centres in Serbia with suspected onychomycosis. Demographic data, data about comorbidities, lifestyle, clinical aspects of onychomycosis, trauma, excessive perspiration and personal and family history of previous onychomycosis were studied. Laboratory confirmation of diagnosis was done by direct microscopy, fungal culture and PCR. Diagnosis of onychomycosis was confirmed in 50.8% of patients, who tested positive to at least one laboratory test (direct microscopy, fungal culture or PCR). Trichophyton rubrum was predominant both on toenails (85.98%) and on fingernails (38.46%). Independent risk factors for onychomycosis were: old age (OR = 2.285; P < 0.001), family history of previous onychomycosis and/or tinea pedis (OR = 2.452; P = 0.005), excessive perspiration (OR = 2.165; P = 0.002) and higher degree of hyperkeratosis (OR = 1.755; P = 0.020). This is a first epidemiological study of onychomycosis from Serbia.
Concepts of God in Islam
Authors: Ali Zain 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article explores the various ways in which Muslims, in the past and the present, think about God. The article canvasses a range of views on questions and puzzles pertaining to the essence and attributes of God, the basis of God's Justice, the transcendence of God, and our ability to know and understand God. We encounter a diverse, and at times radically divergent range of views on how best to understand divinity within the tradition of Islam. Given the various conceptions of divinity, available within the tradition, I develop an argument for the view that God is best understood as love. The view that God is love, I contend, emerges directly from the Quran, which is a document that sits at the very heart of the Islamic tradition.
Hegel's social and political philosophy: Recent debates
Authors: Nance Michael 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article discusses three topics that have been the subject of debate in recent scholarship on Hegel's social and political philosophy: first, the relevance of Hegel's systematic metaphysics for interpreting Hegel's social and political writings; second, the relation between recognition (Anerkennung), social institutions, and rational agency; and third, the connection between the constellation of institutions and norms that Hegel calls “ethical life” (Sittlichkeit) and Hegel's theory of freedom. This article provides a critical overview of the positions in these three debates. In the case of the first debate, I clarify the conceptual terrain by distinguishing between several kinds of systematicity that are at issue. In the case of the second debate, I argue that the views of two of the major participants, Axel Honneth and Robert Pippin, are in fact compatible. In the case of the third debate, I seek to clarify the connection in Hegel between two different ideas of freedom in ethical life, each of which has been emphasized by different interpreters of Hegel: the idea of freedom as non‐alienation and the idea of freedom as social freedom. I conclude with a discussion of the ways in which ethical life, for Hegel, enables the freedom of individuals.
Achievement, wellbeing, and value
Authors: Bradford Gwen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAchievement is among the central goods in life, but just what is achievement, and how is it valuable? There is reason to think that it is a constitutive part of wellbeing; yet, it is possible to sacrifice wellbeing for the sake of achievement. How might it have been worthwhile, if not in terms of wellbeing? Perhaps, achievement is an intrinsic good, or perhaps it is valuable in terms of meaning in life. This article considers various ways in which we can understand the nature and value of achievement, as well as the significance of achievement for other areas of philosophical inquiry.
The big data divide and its consequences
Authors: McCarthy Matthew T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecent advances in technology and the increasing volumes of data that they enable have led to a wave of scholarly and popular attention to big data. While big data is often heralded for its ability to provide insight, the data, its analysis, and its outcomes are not evenly distributed. Currently, scholarship on big data is extending past work on the digital divide, theorizing a new big data divide. While this work most directly addresses the issues of ownership and access to big data, some work extends the divide to issues relating to skill and use. This extension opens up new complications relating to identity, social sorting, use, agency, and global development that are inextricably related to the issues above and to the study of big data. These issues go beyond the simple language of the digital divide extending inquiries into the realm of digital inequalities more generally. Any work on big data and the big data divide needs to engage with a more broad‐based notion of digital inequalities to be better equipped to handle the complex issues above, as well as the material, democratic, and identity problems that big data bring about.
Neo‐liberal reform, the public sector and Black–White inequality
Authors: Wilson George , Roscigno Vincent J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this article, we offer an overview and critical assessment of recent changes wrought by “new governance” reforms within public sector work, highlighting the implications specifically for Black–White inequality, and denote where further sociological analyses are warranted. These foci are important given the widely accepted—though hardly comprehensively examined—assumption that public sector employment remains a favorable “economic niche” for African Americans. Recent sociological research, including our own, suggests that this is likely no longer the case. The very structure and functioning of public sector work have changed owing to neoliberal agendas and reforms toward privatization over the last two decades, becoming less bureaucratic and increasingly mirroring processes and inequalities more traditionally characteristic of the private sector. We emphasize the consequences particularly for African Americans and call for deeper sociological analyses of public sector racial inequalities, processes, and their consequences.
Simulating World Trade in the Decades Ahead: Driving Forces and Policy Implications
Authors: Fontagné Lionel , Fouré Jean , Keck Alexander 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNotwithstanding the current slowdown, the geography and composition of international trade are changing fast. We link a macroeconomic growth model and sectoral computable general equilibrium framework in order to project the world economy forward to the year 2035 and assess to what extent current trends in trade are expected to continue. Constructing fully traceable scenarios based on assumptions grounded in the literature, we are also able to isolate the relative impact of key economic drivers. We find that the stakes for developing countries are particularly high: the emergence of new players in the world economy, intensification of South–South trade and diversification into skill‐intensive activities may continue only in a dynamic economic and open trade environment. Current trends towards increased regionalisation may be reversed, with multilateral trade relationships gaining in importance. Hypothetical mega‐regionals could slow down, but not frustrate the prevalence of multilateralism. Continuing technological progress is likely to have the biggest impact on future economic developments around the globe. Population dynamics are influential as well: for some countries, upskilling will be crucial; for others, labour shortages may be addressed through migration. Several developing countries would benefit from increased capital mobility; others will only diversify into dynamic sectors, when trade costs are further reduced.