bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Measurement of Track Shape in Cold Spray Deposits
Authors: Julien Scott E. , Hanson Nathaniel , Lynch Joseph , Boese Samuel , Roberts Kirstyn , Padir Taşkin , Ozdemir Ozan C. , Müftü Sinan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCold spray is a material deposition technology with a high deposition rate and attractive material properties that has great interest for additive manufacturing (AM). Successfully cold spraying free-form parts that are close to their intended shape, however, requires knowing the fundamental shape of the sprayed track, so that a spray path can be planned that builds up a part from a progressively overlaid sequence of tracks. Several studies have measured track shape using ex situ or quasi-in situ approaches, but an in situ measurement approach has, to the authors’ knowledge, not yet been reported. Furthermore, most studies characterize the track cross section as a symmetric Gaussian probability density function (PDF) with fixed shape parameters. The present study implements a novel in situ track shape measurement technique using a custom-built nozzle-tracking laser profilometry system. The shape of the track is recorded throughout the duration of a spray, allowing a comprehensive investigation of how the track shape evolves as the deposit is built up. A skewed track shape is observed—likely due to the side-injection design of the applicator used—and a skewed Gaussian PDF—a more generalized version of the standard Gaussian PDF—is fit to the track profile. The skewed Gaussian fit parameters are studied across two principal nozzle path parameters: nozzle traverse speed and step size. Empirical relationships between the fit parameters and the nozzle path parameters are derived, and a physics-based inverse relationship between nozzle speed and powder mass deposition rate is obtained. One of the fit parameters is shown to be an effective means of monitoring deposition efficiency during spraying. Overall, the approach presents a promising means of measuring track shape, in situ, as well as modeling it using a more general shape function.
Integrative assessment of congestion in heart failure using ultrasound imaging
Authors: Di Fiore Valerio , Del Punta Lavinia , De Biase Nicolò , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Gargani Luna , Dini Frank Lloyd , Armenia Silvia , Li Vigni Myriam , Maremmani Davide , Masi Stefano , Taddei Stefano , Pugliese Nicola Riccardo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In heart failure (HF), congestion is a key pathophysiologic hallmark and a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. However, the presence of congestion is often overlooked in both acute and chronic settings, particularly when it is not clinically evident, which can have important clinical consequences. Ultrasound (US) is a widely available, non-invasive, sensitive tool that might enable clinicians to detect and quantify the presence of (subclinical) congestion in different organs and tissues and guide therapeutic strategies. In particular, left ventricular filling pressures and pulmonary pressures can be estimated using transthoracic echocardiography; extravascular lung water accumulation can be evaluated by lung US; finally, systemic venous congestion can be assessed at the level of the inferior vena cava or internal jugular vein. The Doppler evaluation of renal, hepatic and portal venous flow can provide additional valuable information. This review aims to describe US techniques allowing multi-organ evaluation of congestion, underlining their role in detecting, monitoring, and treating volume overload more objectively.
Development of a Quality Indicator Set for the Optimal Acute Management of Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in the Australian Context
Authors: Jeffcote Toby , Battistuzzo Camila R. , Roach Rebecca , Bell Catherine , Bendinelli Cino , Rashford Stephen , Jithoo Ron , Gabbe Belinda J. , Flower Oliver , O’Reilly Gerard , Campbell Lewis T. , Cooper D. James , Balogh Zsolt J. , Udy Andrew A. ,   Delphi panel, Chow Andrew , Delaney Anthony , Hooper Andrew , Nadkarni Aniket , Poulter Amber-Louise J. , Wells Adam , Reddi Benjamin , Mitra Biswadev , Sheridan Brad , Burns Brian , Rienecker Carly , Bodnar Daniel , Bowen David , Gantner Dashiell , Nasrallah Fatima , Healy Geoffrey , Ryan Gleen , Anstey James R. , Hsu Jeremy , Bellapart Judith , King Kate , Harbour Kelly , Jeffree Rosalind L. , Bihari Shailesh , Fitzgerald Melinda , Noonan Michael , Plummer Mark , Reade Michael C. , Waak Michaela , Weeden Mark , Cooper Paul David , Cameron Peter , Bellomo Rinaldo , McNamara Robert , McGloughlin Stephen , O’Brien Terence J. , Withers Teresa , Westerlund Torg 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to develop a consensus-based set of indicators of high-quality acute moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) clinical management that can be used to measure structure, process, and outcome factors that are likely to influence patient outcomes. This is the first stage of the PRECISION-TBI program, which is a prospective cohort study that aims to identify and promote optimal clinical management of msTBI in Australia.

Methods
A preliminary set of 45 quality indicators was developed based on available evidence. An advisory committee of established experts in the field refined the initial indicator set in terms of content coverage, proportional representation, contamination, and supporting evidence. The refined indicator set was then distributed to a wider Delphi panel for assessment of each indicator in terms of validity, measurement feasibility, variability, and action feasibility. Inclusion in the final indicator set was contingent on prespecified inclusion scoring.

Results
The indicator set was structured according to the care pathway of msTBI and included prehospital, emergency department, neurosurgical, intensive care, and rehabilitation indicators. Measurement domains included structure indicators, logistic indicators, and clinical management indicators. The Delphi panel consisted of 44 participants (84% physician, 12% nursing, and 4% primary research) with a median of 15 years of practice. Of the 47 indicators included in the second round of the Delphi, 32 indicators were approved by the Delphi group.

Conclusions
This study identified a set of 32 quality indicators that can be used to structure data collection to drive quality improvement in the clinical management of msTBI. They will also be used to guide feedback to PRECISION-TBI’s participating sites.
Immigrant-Native Wage Gap in Sweden: Do Personality Traits Matter?
Authors: Pello-Esso Wazah , Gerdtham Ulf , Lönn Sara Larsson , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSweden has an immigrant-native wage gap. Although the impact of educational attainment and other variables have been studied, the impact of specific personality traits analyzed separately on the wage gap remains poorly understood. In this study, we used a unique dataset that usually contains unobserved personality traits evaluated by psychologists during the Swedish military conscription, as well as post-conscription labor market data to examine whether and to what extent heterogeneity in four different personality traits contributes to disparities in wages among men born in Sweden (both Swedish-born parents) and naturalized men born outside EU-15. The sample consisted of 278,660 males (6% with a foreign background) and was based on the 1975–1990 birth cohorts. The findings show that two of the four personality traits, i.e., intensity and emotional stability, significantly contribute to the immigrant-native wage gap. Men born outside the EU-15 received lower returns (2–3%) from these traits compared to men born in Sweden. The difference in returns from these traits was robust across the sensitivity analyses. Our overall conclusion is that specific personality traits play a role in the immigrant-native wage gap.
Crime Victimization, Immigrants, and Public Opinion in Ghana: A Micro-level Analysis
Authors: Dzordzormenyoh Michael K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of crime victimization and nationalism on public attitudes towards immigrants in Ghana. Using a nationally representative sample of 2,400 Ghanaians collected between 2016 and 2018, this study examined the effects of theft, physical assault, armed robbery, and nationalism on public acceptance and willingness to coexist with immigrants. The findings indicate that crime victimization has a limited influence on the public acceptance of immigrants in Ghana, while a positive correlation is observed between nationalism, defined as a strong attachment to Ghana, and acceptance of immigrants. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between nationalism, defined as a strong attachment to Ghana, and acceptance of immigrants. The study also finds evidence supporting the demographic hypothesis, suggesting that the demographic factors of the general public affect the perceptions of immigrants. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to the limited empirical research on public attitudes towards immigrants in Ghana and the broader literature on this topic from a global-south perspective. The findings can inform the development of practical immigration policies that promote Ghana as a migrant-friendly nation, while safeguarding the interests of its citizens. This study highlights the need for further investigation into the relationship between crime, victimization, and immigration in Ghana and other African countries.
Double reduction via invariance & conservation laws and analysis of solitons of the Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation in optics
Authors: Raza Ali , Kara A. H. , Alqurashi Bader M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe will study of the perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation, also known as derivative nonlinear Schrödinger-III. The dark soliton solutions are constructed analytically using some Ansatz method. Their physical aspects are discussed in this study for better understanding the behaviour of dark solitons with respect to different wave numbers. The invariance analysis will be carried out, conservation laws of DNLS-III will be constructed and presented and double reduction will used to find invariant solutions.
Optical dromions for Radha–Lakshmanan model with fractional temporal evolution by modified simplest equation
Authors: Murad Muhammad Amin S. , Iqbal Mujahid , Arnous Ahmed H. , Yildirim Yakup , Jawad Anwar Ja’afar Mohamad , Hussein Layth , Biswas Anjan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe paper addressed the long-lost model that recovers optical dromions, namely the Radha–Lakshmanan equation. The fractional temporal evolution gave way to the slow evolution of such dromions. The simplest equation algorithm yielded such solutions that are enlisted and supported with numerical simulations.
Development of low-cost ceramic membranes from industrial ceramic for enhanced wastewater treatment
Authors: Taha M. A. , Abdel-Ghafar H. M. , Amin Sh. K. , Ali M. E. A. , Mohamed E. A. , Mohamed F. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study examined the feasibility of utilizing the mixture of ceramic sludge and roller kiln wastes, to produce low-cost ceramic-based membranes designated for use in wastewater treatment applications. In recent years, the treatment of wastewater contaminated with humic acid has posed significant challenges due to its complex nature and resistance to conventional treatment methods. To improve the physical, mechanical, and filtration qualities of the membranes, the study involved preparing them using a blend of five distinct composition ratios of totally recycled ceramic sludge and roller kiln wastes, which were then sintered at temperatures ranging from 900 °C to 1300 °C. The most effective membrane showed the best permeate flux and humic acid separation efficiency for the wastewater samples when it was sintered at 1000 °C using only ceramic sludge waste. The produced membranes were thoroughly examined to reveal their structural and chemical characteristics. This confirmed the effective integration of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) and their influence on the membranes’ functionality. f-MWCNTs were added to the membrane’s surface via wet impregnation and drop casting methods. This resulted in a notable improvement in the membrane’s humic acid separation efficiency, which increased to 92.61%, and the flux increased to 128.46 L/m2/h at a concentration of 100 mg L−1 as well. The opportunity to develop effective and environmentally sustainable ceramic membranes for water treatment using industrial ceramic wastes is highlighted by this study.
Optimization Over Families of Quasi-Periodic Orbits
Authors: Lujan David , Scheeres Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractQuasi-periodic orbit families in astrodynamics are usually studied from a global standpoint without much attention to the specific orbits which are computed. Instead, we focus on the computation of particular quasi-periodic orbits and develop tools to do so. These tools leverage the parametric structure of families of quasi-periodic orbits to treat orbits only as a set of orbit frequencies instead of states in phase space. We develop a retraction on the family of quasi-periodic orbits to precisely navigate through frequency space, allowing us to compute orbits with specific frequencies. The retraction allows for movements in arbitrary directions. To combat the effects of resonances which slice through frequency space we develop resonance avoidance methods which detect resonances during continuation procedures and change the step size accordingly. We also develop an augmented Newton’s method for root-finding and an augmented gradient descent method for unconstrained optimization over a family of quasi-periodic orbits. Lastly, we implement an augmented Lagrangian method to solve constrained optimization problems. We note that many of the tools developed here are applicable to a wider range of solutions defined implicitly by a system of equations, but focus on quasi-periodic orbits.
Impact of Affordable Care Act Provisions on the Racial Makeup of Patients Enrolled at a Deep South, High-Risk Breast Cancer Clinic
Authors: Tinglin Jillian , McLeod M. Chandler , Williams Courtney P. , Tipre Meghan , Rocque Gabrielle , Crouse Andrew B. , Krontiras Helen , Gutnik Lily 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Black women are less likely to receive screening mammograms, are more likely to develop breast cancer at an earlier age, and more likely to die from breast cancer when compared to White women. Affordable Care Act (ACA) provisions decreased cost sharing for women’s preventive screening, potentially mitigating screening disparities. We examined enrollment of a high-risk screening program before and after ACA implementation stratified by race.

Methods
This retrospective, quasi-experimental study examined the ACA’s impact on patient demographics at a high-risk breast cancer screening clinic from 02/28/2003 to 02/28/2019. Patient demographic data were abstracted from electronic medical records and descriptively compared in the pre- and post-ACA time periods. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis using Poisson regression assessed yearly clinic enrollment rates by race using incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
Two thousand seven hundred and sixty-seven patients enrolled in the clinic. On average, patients were 46 years old (SD, ± 12), 82% were commercially insured, and 8% lived in a highly disadvantaged neighborhood. In ITS models accounting for trends over time, prior to ACA implementation, White patient enrollment was stable (IRR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02) while Black patient enrollment increased at 13% per year (IRR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05–1.22). Compared to the pre-ACA enrollment period, the post-ACA enrollment rate remained unchanged for White patients (IRR 0.99, 95% CI 0.97–1.01) but decreased by 17% per year for Black patients (IRR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74–0.92).

Conclusion
Black patient enrollment decreased at a high-risk breast cancer screening clinic post-ACA compared to the pre-ACA period, indicating a need to identify factors contributing to racial disparities in clinic enrollment.
Mechanisms of mercury removal from water with highly efficient MXene and silver-modified polyethyleneimine cryogel composite filters
Authors: Daulbayev Chingis , Nursharip Armanbek , Tauanov Zhandos , Busquets Rosa , Baimenov Alzhan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSafeguarding aquatic ecosystems and human health requires effective methods for removing pollutants. Mercury (Hg) is a very toxic pollutant with a global presence and is highly mobile and persistent. Here, innovative materials were prepared for separating Hg(II) from water, and the mechanisms underlying the efficient uptake of Hg species have been investigated. The sorbents include silver (Ag) nanoparticles and multilayered Ti3C2Tx MXene, both incorporated into the structure of a three-dimensional polyethyleneimine porous cryogel (PEI) that acts as a scaffold holding and exposing nano active sites involved in the removal of Hg. Specifically, Ag particles were deposited onto MXene phases, and the resulting composite was embedded in the macroporous PEI polymer (PEI/MXene@Ag cryogel). The composite has beneficial properties regarding Hg removal: 99% of Hg was separated from waste within 24 h in batch studies. The maximum removal capacity of Hg reached 875 mg/g from HgCl2, and 761 mg/g and 1280 mg/g from Hg(OAc)2 and Hg(NO3)2 salts by PEI/MXene@Ag. The Hg uptake stems from the composite’s relatively large specific surface area, layered porous channels, and highly dispersed Ag nanoparticles in the multilayered Ti3C2Tx MXene. The matrix in the water samples that were treated with the composite did not hinder the uptake of Hg by PEI/MXene@Ag. The high effectiveness achieved for the removal of Hg, combined with rapid adsorption kinetics, high efficiency, and selectivity, positions it as an efficient solution. Future work should address upscaling its preparation for increasing readiness towards mitigating Hg in surface water.
Automated market makers and their implications for liquidity providers
Authors: Brönnimann Werner , Egloff Pascal , Krabichler Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAutomated market making for crypto tokens is an extremely attractive and efficient way to establish decentralized exchanges. An inevitable prerequisite for this type of market is the willingness of participants to provide liquidity. Except in the case of two correlated pairs, providing liquidity is often sub-optimal. In fact, one often faces significant opportunity cost commonly referred to as impermanent loss. Prevailing transaction fee levels, even with levered positions, are often insufficient to compensate for the opportunity costs incurred. Marketability and exchangeability are essential prerequisites for attributing value to many crypto tokens. Therefore, when issuing fiat tokens for the viability of intriguing business models, one ends up with the chicken-or-the-egg causality dilemma; how to achieve sustainable incentives to the liquidity provision for an abstract good whose intrinsic value is defined solely by that liquidity system? This article derives and discusses useful formulas for the quantitative risk management in the context of automated market makers. In addition, order size and pool size-dependent transaction costs are proposed that may incentivize the desired level of liquidity.
Feelings are Messy: The Feelings We Study in Affective Science Should Be Too
Authors: Vaccaro Anthony G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAffective science has taken up the challenge of building a bridge between basic affective science and practical applications. The articles in the Future of Affective Science issue lay out methodological and conceptual frameworks that allow us to expand affective science into real-world settings and to handle naturalistic methods. Along with these advances, accomplishing this goal will require additionally refocusing the types of experiences we study, and the measures of experience we are interested in. This paper explores the necessity for basic affective science to embrace the messy and complex nature of human emotion in order to bridge the gap between theoretical concepts and real-world applicability. Specifically, this involves studying experiences that do not fit as neatly into dominant conceptual frameworks, such as valenced scales and the most common discrete emotion categories, and that may be more difficult to measure or experimentally control. This makes the gap between affective science and real-world feelings larger. To move the field towards incorporating emotional complexity in an empirical manner, I propose measurement standards that err on the side of less fixed-choice options and using stimuli chosen for their potential to elicit highly complex responses over time within the same individual. Designing studies that can measure these experiences will push emotion theories to explain data they were not originally designed for, likely leading to refinement and collaboration. These approaches will help capture the full spectrum of human emotional experience, leading to a more nuanced and applicable understanding of affective science.
Project RESPOND: Development of a New Capacity in Disaster Response
Authors: Peace Sierra , Brown John F. , Mercer Mary 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic revealed gaps in medical supply quality and personnel training and familiarity in San Francisco County, prompting the reexamination of county disaster supply caches and emergency medical services (EMS) system decompression protocols. Project RESPOND (Rapid Emergency Supplies for Prehospital Operations in Disaster) was developed to bridge the gap in patient care infrastructure during short- or no-warning disasters and enhance EMS system offloading by introducing a novel capacity for the safe treatment and discharge of patients with minor injuries from the scene of an event. This design, while scaled to the needs of a unique metropolitan population, can be used as a template for the reimagining of disaster response policy and development of disaster supply caches.