bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training in Schools Following 8 Years of Mandating Legislation in Denmark: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Malta Hansen Carolina , Zinckernagel Line , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Tjørnhøj‐Thomsen Tine , Wissenberg Mads , Lippert Freddy Knudsen , Weeke Peter , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Køber Lars , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Folke Fredrik 
Published: March 2017

Background

School cardiopulmonary resuscitation (
CPR
) training has become mandatory in many countries, but whether legislation has translated into implementation of
CPR
training is largely unknown. We assessed
CPR
training of students following 8 years of legislative mandates in Denmark.

Methods and Results

A nationwide cross‐sectional survey of Danish school leadership (n=1240) and ninth‐grade homeroom teachers (n=1381) was carried out for school year 2013‐2014. Qualitative interviews and the Theory of Planned Behavior were used to construct the survey. Logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with completed
CPR
training. Information from 63.1% of eligible schools was collected: 49.3% (n=611) of leadership and 48.2% (n=665) of teachers responded. According to teachers, 28.4% (95%
CI
25.0% to 32.0%) and 10.3% (95%
CI
8.1% to 12.8%) of eligible classes had completed
CPR
and automated external defibrillator training, respectively. Among leadership, 60.2% (95%
CI
56.2% to 64.1%) reported
CPR
training had occurred during the 3 years prior to the survey. Factors associated with completed
CPR
training included believing other schools were conducting training (odds ratio [
OR
] 9.68 [95%
CI
4.65‐20.1]), awareness of mandating legislation (
OR
4.19 [95%
CI
2.65‐6.62]), presence of a school
CPR
training coordinator (
OR
3.01 [95%
CI
1.84‐4.92]), teacher feeling competent to conduct training (
OR
2.78 [95%
CI
1.74‐4.45]), and having easy access to training material (
OR
2.08 [95%
CI
1.57‐2.76]).

Conclusions

Despite mandating legislation, school
CPR
training has not been successfully implemented. Completed
CPR
training was associated with believing other schools were conducting training, awareness of mandating legislation, presence of a school
CPR
training coordinator, teachers teacher feeling competent to conduct training, and having easy access to training material. Facilitating these factors may increase rates of school
CPR
training.
Interspecific and intraspecific competition in the potato cyst nematodes Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis
Authors: Hearne Rachel , Lettice Eoin P. , Jones Peter W. 
Published: March 2017

The effects of interspecific competition between the potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis, under variable population conditions were examined. PCN-susceptible potato cultivars were inoculated with single- and mixed-species populations of PCN. There was a significant difference in species multiplication between single- and mixed-species populations. Globodera rostochiensis multiplication in mixed-species populations was significantly lower than single-species populations. Density-dependent trials showed a significantly greater increase in multiplication of G. pallida at low inoculation densities relative to G. rostochiensis. These results indicate that G. pallida has a negative effect on G. rostochiensis populations and is the more successful species when competing. A staggered inoculation trial showed that the greater competitiveness of G. pallida was not wholly attributed to its later hatch. Globodera pallida outcompeted G. rostochiensis regardless of the timing of inoculation; however, G. pallida multiplication was lowest when plants were simultaneously inoculated with both species.
Configurations and Prefigurations of Conversion in the History of World Christianity
Authors: Lienemann-Perrin Christine 
Published: March 2017

Many contemporary understandings and implementations of conversion are prefigured in historical periods of world Christianity. In this paper, I consider a selection of historical moments, which together illustrate the broad variety of understandings and practices of conversion. I begin with conversion’s role in the formation of Christianity, followed by conversion in oriental Christianity under the influence of Islam from the seventh century. I then explore conversion in occidental Christianity during the early modern period. Exported to China in the seventeenth century, this conception ultimately failed to translate into the Chinese context. After briefly considering this development, I turn to an understanding of conversion that emerged in African societies, which responded in their own ways to Western missions during late colonialism. Finally, I consider the nature of conversion, de-conversion and re-conversion in secularized societies.很多当代对转化的认知及实施都是在世界基督教的历史阶段中被预示了的。在这篇文章中，我择选了部分历史片段，用以说明对转化的理解及实践的多样性。我以基督教成形中转化的角色为开始，进入到七世纪在伊斯兰教影响下的东方基督教的转化，然后探讨近现代欧美基督教的转化。当这概念在十七世纪进口到中国时，并未成功地转入中国社会。这之后，我会考查在非洲社会呈现的对转化的理解，他们怎样在后殖民主义时期以自己的方式回应西方宣教。最后，我会探讨在世俗化社会里转化，非转化及再转化的本质。Muchas interpretaciones y prácticas contemporáneas de la conversión fueron anticipadas en los períodos históricos del cristianismo. En este artículo, la autora considera una selección de momentos históricos que en conjunto ilustran la amplia variedad de entendimientos y prácticas de conversión. Comienza con el papel de la conversión en la formación del cristianismo, seguido, desde el siglovii, por la conversión en el cristianismo oriental bajo la influencia del Islam. A continuación, explora la conversión en el cristianismo occidental durante la Edad Moderna. Esta concepción fue exportada a la China en el sigloxviipero no pudo trasladarse al contexto chino. Luego de considerar brevemente este desarrollo, analiza el tipo de conversión que surgió en las sociedades africanas, que respondieron a su manera a las misiones occidentales durante la época del colonialismo tardío. Por último, considera la naturaleza de la conversión, la des-conversión y la re-conversión en las sociedades secularizadas.This article is in English.
Can There Be Conversion Without Cultural Change?
Authors: Robbins Joel 
Published: March 2017

This article takes a sociocultural anthropological approach to conversion. It asks not about the causes of conversion, but about the kinds of cultural changes conversion produces and the mechanisms by which it brings about such changes. Drawing on the author’s research among a recently converted group in Papua New Guinea and on other work produced by scholars working in the anthropology of Christianity, the article argues that Christianity is a culture of secondarity, designed to come after another culture that previously guided its converts. Moreover, Christian converts tend to engage their prior cultures not by completely rejecting them, but by evaluating their components critically in relation to new Christian values. This produces a duplex cultural formation that regularly fosters critical reflection and ongoing cultural change. This model of change is briefly distinguished from more common models of syncretism, suggesting a new understanding of the relationship between conversion and cultural change.本文从社会文化人类学的角度探讨转化这课题。所问的问题不是转化的原因，而是由转化而产生的文化转变，及带来这种转变的机制。从作者对巴布亚新几内亚最近信主的群体的研究，及其他基督教人类学学者的著作， 本文论证基督教乃是第二类文化，是在之前引导人信主的文化之后才进入的文化。而且，信主的人倾向与前文化继续接触，不是完全地拒绝，而是以基督教新的价值观来衡量原文化的各个因素。这就形成了双层文化，促进尖锐的反思和不断的文化转变。这种转变模式不同于常见的融合主义的模式，而是带出一种对转化与文化改变之间的关系的新的认识。El artículo adopta un enfoque sociocultural antropológico sobre la conversión. No trata las causas de la conversión, sino los tipos de cambios culturales producidos por la conversión y los mecanismos por los cuales se producen tales cambios. Se toma como punto de partida la investigación hecha entre un grupo de recién convertidos en Papúa Nueva Guinea y en otro trabajo realizado por profesionales en el área de antropología del cristianismo; el artículo sostiene que el cristianismo es una cultura de secundariedad que aparece luego de que otra cultura haya antes guiado a los ahora convertidos.Además, los cristianos convertidos se relacionan con sus culturas anteriores evaluando críticamente sus componentes en relación a los nuevos valores cristianos pero no las rechazan completamente. Esto produce una doble formación cultural que fomenta, en forma regular, la reflexión crítica y los cambios constantes. Este modelo de cambio se lo distingue brevemente de los modelos más comunes de sincretismo, y sugiere una nueva comprensión de la relación entre la conversión y el cambio cultural.This article is in English.
VW’s ‘Defeat Devices’ and Liability for Claims for Lost Emissions Tax Revenue
Authors: Truby Jon , Kratsas George 
Published: March 2017

Volkswagen Group’s utilisation of a ‘defeat device’ to produce inaccurate results for vehicle emissions tests in multiple consumer states, leads it to face potentially crippling fines, possible criminal liability, civil suits, and detriment to its own company caused by the loss of trust. However, this article considers a further issue, namely implications of the violations on taxation legislation and pursuant claims for losses as a result of lost tax revenue or recalculated taxes.
With vehicles falling outside of the tax band they were purchased within, there is confusion around the world about how this will affect the tax status of the vehicles and those that own them. Vehicles could be re-banded or reassessed for a variety of different tax purposes, increasing the tax liability of the vehicle historically and prospectively to reflect the actual emissions or fuel consumption based on how the charge is designed.
Through a comparative study, this article considers varying tax issues in several different countries across the globe for which the manufacturer may be liable for the life of the vehicle. This will seek to establish the scale of the potential liability for Volkswagen (vw) Group that has not yet been explored. Finally it examines how international cooperation could produce more satisfactory settlements for nations and customers.
The Role of Social Cue Utilization and Closing-the-Loop Communication in the Performance of Ad Hoc Dyads
Authors: Yee Daniel J. , Wiggins Mark W. , Searle Ben J. 
Published: March 2017

Objective: To examine whether social cue utilization impacts the performance of ad hoc dyads through its relationship with closing the loop, a communication process whereby team members respond more frequently to initiating statements made by others. Background: There lacks unequivocal experimental evidence for any single cognitive-based process that might predict the performance of ad hoc teams. Method: Using a quasi-experimental design, 80 participants were classified into 40 dyads based on their levels of social cue utilization and attempted a team problem-solving task. A serial mediation model revealed an indirect effect of social cue utilization on the performance of ad hoc dyads through closing the loop. Results: Analyses indicated that social cue utilization impacts on the performance of ad hoc dyads independently of nonverbal reasoning ability and emotional intelligence. Further, the level of social cue utilization within dyads exhibits a positive indirect impact on the performance of ad hoc dyads through closing the loop. Conclusion: Ad hoc dyads with higher levels of social cue utilization engaged in a greater frequency of closing-the-loop statements and showed better subsequent performance on a problem-solving task in comparison to dyads with lower levels of social cue utilization. Application: Potential applications include the optimization of ad hoc team composition within high reliability environments like aviation and power control as well as improving training interventions with a specific mechanism for improving the performance of ad hoc teams.
An unexpected image on a chest radiograph
Authors: Hemsinli Dogus , Mutlu Hasan , Altun Gokalp , Pulathan Zerrin , Ozdemir Ahmet C 
Published: March 2017

Introduction Central venous catheterisation is an essential component of patient care in hospital. A forgotten complete guide-wire is a rare complication, although the reported incidence has increased rapidly over the last decade. Case report We report a 72-year-old man with a complete guide-wire inadvertently overlooked during catheter insertion. A central venous catheter had been inserted for total parental nutrition during treatment for pancreatitis. Five years later, the patient was readmitted with a painful lesion on his neck and the sensation of a sharp object under his skin. He was discharged without complication following removal of the free part of the guide-wire that had not become attached to the endothelial layer. Conclusion Inattention, inexperience and lack of supervision by a more experienced clinician are considered the most important contributing factors to this complication. Ultrasonography assistance during the procedure, senior supervision, a set count and a chest X-ray after the procedure are recommended in order to prevent forgotten guide-wires.
Hip Arthroscopy for Atypical Posterior Hip Pain: A Comparative Matched-Pair Analysis
Authors: Levy David M. , Cvetanovich Gregory L. , Kuhns Benjamin D. , Greenberg Mitchell J. , Alter Jennifer M. , Nho Shane J. 
Published: March 2017

Background:Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) most commonly manifests as anterior groin pain. Patients occasionally have posterior pain but otherwise have clinical and radiographic evidence of FAI.Purpose:To compare outcomes of hip arthroscopy for FAI in patients with atypical posterior pain versus a matched group with the typical anterior pain presentation.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for FAI were identified from a clinical repository between January 2012 and 2014. Of 503 patients during the study period, 31 (6.2%) had posterior hip or buttock pain reproduced with flexion, adduction, and internal rotation (FADDIR) and were classified as “atypical,” while those with anterior hip or groin pain were classified as “typical.” Atypical patients were matched in a 1:2 cohort to the typical group based on sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Postoperative patient-reported outcomes included visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), and Hip Outcome Scores with Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL) and Sports-Specific (HOS-SS) subscales.Results:Of the 31 atypical patients, 28 (90.3%) were available for a minimum 2-year follow-up (mean ± SD, 2.6 ± 0.6 years). These patients were matched with 56 typical patients. No differences were noted between typical and atypical cohorts in preoperative demographic or radiographic parameters. Postoperatively, both groups demonstrated significant improvements in mHHS (atypical 60.1 ± 12.4 to 78.8 ± 12.9; typical 60.0 ± 12.3 to 76.9 ± 13.6; P < .001), HOS-ADL (atypical 68.5 ± 17.0 to 88.6 ± 11.0; typical 69.2 ± 17.1 to 86.8 ± 14.7; P < .001), and HOS-SS (atypical 42.0 ± 25.5 to 71.0 ± 26.2; typical 44.4 ± 24.9 to 71.3 ± 27.3; P < .001). No differences were found in 2-year score improvements between the atypical and typical cohorts (mHHS 18.7 ± 13.4 vs 16.9 ± 13.1, P = .48; HOS-ADL 20.1 ± 16.8 vs 17.6 ± 14.6, P = .19; HOS-SS 29.0 ± 30.2 vs 26.9 ± 27.3, P = .93). Also, no significant differences were found in VAS pain improvement (5.0 ± 3.2 vs 5.6 ± 2.8, P = .56) or postoperative satisfaction (79.5 ± 5.5 vs 77.5 ± 4.1, P = .78).Conclusion:Atypical posterior hip pain is an uncommon presentation of FAI. Patients demonstrate similar significant improvements after hip arthroscopy in outcome scores, postoperative pain, and satisfaction compared with patients who have classic anterior groin pain.
Impact of Low-Dose Hydrocortisone on the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Septic Shock: A Propensity Score-Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Cohort Study
Authors: Launey Yoann , Lasocki Sigismond , Asehnoune Karim , Gaudriot Baptiste , Chassier Claire , Cinotti Raphael , Maguet Pascale Le , Laksiri Leila , Mimoz Olivier , Tawa Audrey , Nesseler Nicolas , Malledant Yannick , Perrot Bastien , Seguin Philippe 
Published: March 2017

Purpose: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in the intensive care unit (ICU), notably in patients with septic shock for whom inflammation is an already identified risk factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-dose hydrocortisone on AF occurrence in patients with septic shock. Methods: We performed a prospective nonrandomized observational study in 5 academic ICUs in France. From November 2012 to June 2014, all patients ≥16 years having septic shock were included, except those who had a history of AF, had a pacemaker, and/or experienced AF during hospitalization before the onset of shock or in whom the onset of shock occurred prior to admission to the ICU. Hydrocortisone was administered at the discretion of the attending physician. The incidence of AF was compared among patients who received hydrocortisone, and the effect of low-dose hydrocortisone on AF was estimated using the inverse probability treatment weighting method based on propensity scores. Results: A total of 261 patients were included (no-hydrocortisone group, n = 138; hydrocortisone group, n = 123). Atrial fibrillation occurred in 57 (22%) patients. Atrial fibrillation rates were 33 (24%) and 24 (19%) in no-hydrocortisone patients and hydrocortisone patients, respectively. In the weighted sample, the proportion of patients who developed AF was 28.8% in the no-hydrocortisone group and 16.8% in the hydrocortisone group (difference: −11.9%; 95% confidence interval: −23.4% to −0.5%; P = .040). Conclusion: In patients with septic shock, low-dose hydrocortisone was associated with a lower risk of developing AF during the acute phase.
Impact of Pharmacist Intervention on Selection and Timing of Appropriate Antimicrobial Therapy in Septic Shock
Authors: Laine Melanie E. , Flynn Jeremy D. , Flannery Alexander H. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Current guidelines for septic shock management recommend administration of appropriate, broad-spectrum antimicrobials within 1 hour of recognition. Objective: To evaluate the interventions pharmacists make as part of a sepsis response team and to determine if these interventions increase the proportion of patients with appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken reviewing adult patients in a large, academic medical center with confirmed septic shock who had an order for a “sepsis bundle,” which includes notification of a pharmacist to assess adequacy of empiric therapy. Pharmacist interventions with regard to selection of empiric antimicrobials were documented. The proportion of patients with initial successful selection of antimicrobial therapy (SSAT) before and after pharmacist intervention was assessed as well as the time to first antimicrobial administration and time to appropriate antimicrobial administration. Results: A total of 76 patients were included. Pharmacist intervention increased the proportion of patients with SSAT from 66% to 80% ( P = .04). Median time to first antimicrobial administration was 43 minutes, and time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy was 1 hour, 34 minutes for the entire cohort, with pharmacist intervention decreasing the latter time significantly in patients without SSAT on initiation of the “sepsis bundle” ( P < .001). Conclusion: Pharmacist assessment of patients in septic shock offers the opportunity to improve SSAT. Systems designed to use a pharmacist responder for the care of patients with septic shock maximize the selection of antimicrobials, facilitate rapid administration, and improve surrogate outcomes for mortality in septic shock.
Sleep Quality Associated With Different Work Schedules: A Longitudinal Study of Nursing Staff
Authors: Niu Shu-Fen , Miao Nae-Fang , Liao Yuan-Mei , Chi Mei-Ju , Chung Min-Huey , Chou Kuei-Ru 
Published: March 2017

Purpose: To explore the differences in sleep parameters between nurses working a slow, forward rotating shift and those working a fixed day shift. Method: A longitudinal parallel-group comparison design was used in this prospective study. Participants (female) were randomly assigned to a rotating shift or a fixed day shift group. Participants in the rotating shift group worked day shift for the first 4 weeks, followed by evening shift for the second and night shift the third. Those in the day shift group worked day shift for all 12 weeks. Each kept a sleep diary and wore an actigraph (actigraph data were used to calculate total sleep time [TST], sleep onset latency [SOL], wake after sleep onset [WASO], and sleep efficiency [SE]) for 12 days, from Workday 1–4 in each of Weeks 4, 8, and 12. Results: TST in nurses working evening rotating shift was higher than that for those working the day or night rotating shift and fixed day shift. WASO was significantly longer on Day 2 for rotating shift participants working evening versus day shift. SOL and SE were significantly shorter and lower in rotating shift nurses working night versus both day and evening shifts. Conclusions: A comprehensive understanding of the sleep patterns and quality of nurses with different work shifts may lead to better management of work shifts that reduces the influence of shift work on sleep quality.
Contextual modulation of pain sensitivity utilising virtual environments
Authors: Smith Ashley , Carlow Klancy , Biddulph Tara , Murray Brooke , Paton Melissa , Harvie Daniel S 
Published: March 2017

Background:Investigating psychological mechanisms that modulate pain, such as those that might be accessed by manipulation of context, is of great interest to researchers seeking to better understand and treat pain. The aim of this study was to better understand the interaction between pain sensitivity, and contexts with inherent emotional and social salience – by exploiting modern immersive virtual reality (VR) technology.Methods:A within-subjects, randomised, double-blinded, repeated measures (RM) design was used. In total, 25 healthy participants were exposed to neutral, pleasant, threatening, socially positive and socially negative contexts, using an Oculus Rift DK2. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were recorded in each context, as well as prior to and following the procedure. We also investigated whether trait anxiety and pain catastrophisation interacted with the relationship between the different contexts and pain.Results:Pressure pain sensitivity was not modulated by context ( p = 0.48). Anxiety and pain catastrophisation were not significantly associated with PPTs, nor did they interact with the relationship between context and PPTs.Conclusion:Contrary to our hypothesis, socially and emotionally salient contexts did not influence pain thresholds. In light of other research, we suggest that pain outcomes might only be tenable to manipulation by contextual cues if they specifically manipulate the meaning of the pain-eliciting stimulus, rather than manipulate psychological state generally – as per the current study. Future research might exploit immersive VR technology to better explore the link between noxious stimuli and contexts that directly alter its threat value.