bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Types and Risk Factors for Thyroid Malignancy in a State Endemic of Iodine Deficiency Goiter
Authors: Wong, Mei W , Hadi, Imisairi A , Musa Kamarul I 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
We have realized that recent rise in incidence of thyroid malignancy is partly because of incidental findings of cancer after resection for benign goiters. Therefore, we aim to reanalyze risk factors for thyroid malignancy in those patients who underwent primary thyroid surgery at Breast and Endocrine Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Materials and methods
Retrospective review in our database found 699 patients who had undergone thyroid surgeries between June 2007 and December 2014. According to the final histopathological report of resected specimen, these patients, operated for goiter, were divided into two groups: Thyroid malignancy group and nonmalignancy group. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of age, duration and weight of resected specimen for having thyroid malignancy.

Results
The mean value for age was 43.5 years [standard deviation (SD) = 14.0); duration of neck swelling was 5.9 months (SD = 6.7); and weight of resected specimen was 157 gm (SD = 161.0). Around 26.9% cases had thyroid malignancy (n = 188), about 77.13% cases had papillary thyroid carcinoma and 17.6% had follicular thyroid carcinoma. Age associates with risk for malignancy (p < 0.001), but duration of neck swelling (p = 0.513) and weight of resected specimen (p = 0.955) do not relate with this. With an increase of 1 year of age, the odds to have thyroid malignancy increase for 2%. This is equivalent with 14.4% increase in cancer for every 5-year increase in age.

Conclusion
Our study has found that increasing age is the only associated factor for risk of thyroid malignancy. When managing elderly patients who has clinically benign goiter, differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer need be considered as well.

How to cite this article
Wong MW, Hadi IA, Musa KI. Revisiting Types and Risk Factors for Thyroid Malignancy in a State Endemic of Iodine Deficiency Goiter. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(2):51-54.
Adrenal Teratoma: Unusual Tumor with Typical Imaging Characteristics
Authors: Ramakant Pooja , Mishra Anand K , Singh, Kul R 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Teratomas per se are rare and retroperitoneal teratomas are a still rarer entity. We report the image of a patient who presented with a large adrenal teratoma which was nonfunctional biochemically and who underwent surgical excision. The imaging characteristics are suggestive of teratoma and must be kept in mind while managing large adrenal tumors.

How to cite this article
Ramakant P, Singh KR, Mishra AK. Adrenal Teratoma: Unusual Tumor with Typical Imaging Characteristics. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(2):78.
“HN Turn to Drive Osteotome”: A Customized Device for Preparation of Osteotomy for Implant Placement
Authors: Abraham Nimisha B , Harshakumar Karunakaran 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
The density of available bone in an edentulous site has a primary influence on the treatment planning and the surgical approach chosen for osteotomy. In situations of inadequate bone density, osteotomes are a special set of hand instruments developed to form and shape bone, in preparation to placement of dental implants. Conventional osteotomes are optimally used by pressing the instruments into the bone and malleting into place using a surgical mallet. This article describes a variant of the conventional osteotome, which was indigenously developed to use the handdriven force for implant placement and, henceforth, eliminate the drawbacks of malleting procedures. This would aid hassle-free implant placement in edentulous areas with compromised bone quality and quantity.
How to cite this article
Karunakaran H, Abraham NB. “HN Turn to Drive Osteotome”: A Customized Device for Preparation of Osteotomy for Implant Placement. Int J Oral Implantol Clin Res 2017;8(1):1-4.
Submerged Plateau Implants: A Practical Solution for Mandibular Posterior Region
Authors: Shukla Dhruvi H , Anchlia Sonal M , Patel Nisarg P , Nagavadiya Vipul , Panwar Rohit K , Domadiya Hardi L 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Introduction
Placement of endosseous plateau implants represents a valid treatment in the setting of limited alveolar bone height. This study's objectives were to evaluate the effect of submerging and platform switching on crestal bone loss and redistribution of occlusal forces, the advantage of plateau design in providing more surface area for osseointegration, and the outcome of autogenous bone grafting from the implant osteotomy site as an alternate to exogenous bone graft.

Materials and methods
A prospective study of 10 patients with mandibular posterior edentulism was selected. Preoperative alveolar bone height (mean 11.87 mm) and width (8.22 mm) were measured on cone beam computed tomography. Two-staged implants were placed with 2.0 mm of submergence, which remained below the alveolar crest. The distribution of site according to bone quality and implant dimension was D2. Patients were followed up after 7 days for pain, infection, soft tissue dehiscence, and paresthesia followed by an average period of 1 year and evaluated for bone gain over implant shoulder, crestal bone loss, and peri-implant radiolucency.

Results
One-year postloading survival rates for submerged plateau implants was 100.0% in D2 bone, with no peri-implant radiolucency and statistically insignificant (~0–0.8 mm) crestal bone loss.

Conclusion
Submerged plateau implants have excellent survival rates and crestal bone level maintenance. The results of this study support the hypothesis that plateau implants can be successfully used in mandibular areas with limited bone height.

How to cite this article
Shukla DH, Anchlia SM, Patel NP, Nagavadiya V, Panwar RK, Domadiya HL. Submerged Plateau Implants: A Practical Solution for Mandibular Posterior Region. Int J Oral Implantol Clin Res 2017;8(1):5-11.
MicroHH 1.0: a computational fluid dynamics code for direct numerical simulation and large-eddy simulation of atmospheric boundary layer flows
Authors: van Heerwaarden Chiel C. , van Stratum Bart J. H. , Heus Thijs , Gibbs Jeremy A. , Fedorovich Evgeni , Mellado Juan Pedro 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This paper describes MicroHH 1.0, a new and open-source (www.microhh.org) computational fluid dynamics code for the simulation of turbulent flows in the atmosphere. It is primarily made for direct numerical simulation but also supports large-eddy simulation (LES). The paper covers the description of the governing equations, their numerical implementation, and the parameterizations included in the code. Furthermore, the paper presents the validation of the dynamical core in the form of convergence and conservation tests, and comparison of simulations of channel flows and slope flows against well-established test cases. The full numerical model, including the associated parameterizations for LES, has been tested for a set of cases under stable and unstable conditions, under the Boussinesq and anelastic approximations, and with dry and moist convection under stationary and time-varying boundary conditions. The paper presents performance tests showing good scaling from 256 to 32 768 processes. The graphical processing unit (GPU)-enabled version of the code can reach a speedup of more than an order of magnitude for simulations that fit in the memory of a single GPU.
Reverse takotsubo cardiomyopathy presenting as abdominal pain: An atypical presentation
Authors: Thind Guramrinder Singh , Agrawal Yashwant 
Published: August 2017

Reverse takotsubo cardiomyopathy is the rarest variant of takotsubo cardiomyopathy. We present a case of reverse takotsubo cardiomyopathy presenting as abdominal pain likely due to non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia. A 58-year-old female presented with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for 2 days. Upon presentation, she was normotensive but tachycardic. Her lactic acid level was 2.8 mmol/L and troponin-T was 0.62 ng/ml. The electrocardiogram showed non-specific ST changes. CT scan of abdomen revealed bowel wall thickening in transverse colon and splenic flexure. Patient was started on aggressive intravenous fluid therapy for possible infectious colitis.The next day, patient started becoming progressively more dyspneic, hypoxic, and hypotensive. A chest X-ray at that time showed signs of severe congestive heart failure. Echocardiogram revealed left ventricular ejection fraction of 20% with akinesis of proximal and mid-ventricular walls. Patient was intubated for hypoxic respiratory failure and started on milrinone infusion for acutely depressed cardiac function. Inotropes were weaned off the next day, and she was successfully extubated on day 4. Subsequently, gastrointestinal symptoms resolved. Cardiac catheterization was performed later during the hospitalization that showed normal coronary arteries. Repeat echocardiogram done 3 months later showed return of cardiac function to normal.
Deliverance of the Adolescent Friendly Health Service Standards by Nurses in Otjozondjupa Region of Namibia
Authors: Muyenga Marry , Amakali Kristofina , Wilkinson Wilma 
Published: August 2017

Despite the implementation of the national standards for Adolescent Friendly Health Services (AFHS) towards the prevention among others teenage pregnancy the, problem continues to rise across the regions of Namibia. This article presents the findings of a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study regarding the implementation of the components on Adolescent Friendly Health Care Providers and the Adolescent Friendly Environment of the Adolescent Friendly Health Services standards by nurses in Otjozondjupa Region of Namibia.Quantitative data were collected from 12 registered nurse midwives and 23 enrolled nurse-midwives who implement the AFHS at the health care facilities (through structured self-interview questionnaire) and 18 health care facilities that implement the AFHS in Otjozondjupa Region (through checklist) for triangulation of the data. The data were analysed using the SPSS Version 16 data base. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed on selected variables to determine the relationship of variables.The findings indicated that only 30% of the registered nurse-midwives compared to 75% of the enrolled nurses who implement the AFHS were formally trained in adolescent reproductive and sexual health issues. The findings further indicated that although 75% and 87% of the respective categories of nurse respondents indicated that they conduct school outreach activities, the initiative seems not being implemented effectively as can be inferred from only 14% of the registered nurse who indicated that they do conduct health education at schools. In the same vein, 90% of the health facilities had no spaces that were designated for the adolescent health services. Therefore, the recommendations were made in respect of the implementation of these two components of the AFHS standards at the health care facilities in the region.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE DISSERTAÇÕES DA ENFERMAGEM: TIPO DE ABORDAGEM E PRODUTOS GERADOS
Authors: Chaves Ana Cláudia Cardozo , Santanna Julia Gomes Fernandes Costa de , Costa Raphael Raniere de Oliveira , Medeiros Soraya Maria de 
Published: August 2017

O presente estudo teve por objetivos descrever tipos de abordagem e delineamentos das dissertações produzidas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (PPGEnf-UFRN) ao longo dos anos, e caracterizar publicações científicas produzidas por alunos e egressos, e analisar as relações existentes entre esses aspectos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, documental, realizado através do levantamento das dissertações produzidas no PPGEnf-UFRN em nível de mestrado acadêmico, junto aos dados disponíveis na Plataforma Lattes sobre produções dos alunos e egressos no período de 1999 até agosto de 2012. As 185 dissertações produzidas no PPGEnf-UFRN foram publicadas entre os anos de 1999 e 2012. Foi possível identificar que as dissertações apresentam maior predominância da abordagem qualitativa (61%), e estudos com delineamento não experimentais (99%). O estudo evidenciou o potencial produtivo do programa de pós-graduação estudado.Descritores: Educação em Enfermagem; Tendências; Pesquisa; Artigo de Revista.
Uso da monitoração ambulatorial da pressão arterial nos distúrbios hipertensivos gestacionais
Authors: Prado Pâmela Fernanda , Silva Stael Silvana Bagno Eleutério da 
Published: August 2017

A gravidez é um fenômeno fisiológico, mas os danos gestacionais à saúde materna e fetal podem ocorrer durante o seu progresso. Os transtornos hipertensivos gestacionais, considerados a principal causa de óbitos obstétricos diretos, são responsáveis por altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade materna e perinatal, o que os torna um grande problema de saúde pública. Sabe-se que há diferenças significativas entre a medida casual da pressão arterial em nível domiciliar e a obtida em nível ambulatorial e/ou hospitalar. Por isso, o uso da monitoração ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA) é uma importante estratégia utilizada na confirmação do diagnóstico e no controle da hipertensão, pois permite a avaliação precisa da pressão arterial através de um registro sistematizado e eficiente. As pesquisas científicas confirmam a importância do uso da MAPA em relação aos transtornos hipertensivos, destacando, principalmente, sua correlação com os valores obtidos quando comparados à medida casual e à automedida residencial da pressão. Nessas circunstâncias, concluiu-se que a MAPA é uma ferramenta vantajosa no controle da pressão e para os cuidados com mulheres grávidas. A assistência prestada pelos enfermeiros obstétricos com o uso da MAPA é relevante porque minimiza a possibilidade de morte fetal e de morte materna por hipertensão, possibilitando planos de atendimento com base em níveis de pressão mais confiáveis do que a medida casual.
Single Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy Session Dampens Acute Autonomic and Neuroendocrine Responses to Mental Stress in Healthy Male Participants
Authors: Fornari Mauro , Carnevali Luca , Sgoifo Andrea 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Context
The efficacy of osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMTh; manipulative care provided by foreign-trained osteopaths) is supported by observational data and patient feedback, but there is still a need for objective, quantitative biomarkers that allow measurement of the underlying mechanisms. No study exploring the protective potential of OMTh for mental stress has been published, to the authors’ knowledge.

Objectives
To explore the modulating effect of OMTh on autonomic neural regulation of the heart and verifiy its ability to influence the activity of the hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis.

Methods
Healthy young adult men who had never received OMTh were exposed to either a brief protocol using craniosacral techniques or sham therapy (control) involving the same anatomical areas. A laboratory stress episode consisting of a 5-minute arithmetic task participants were required to perform in front of a committee preceded the therapy sessions. Continuous electrocardiograph recordings were done before, during, and after the stress episode. Heart rate and frequency-domain parameters of heart rate variability (specifically, high-frequency component power in normalized units and the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power) were measured to quantify the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system and the state of sympathovagal balance at the level of the heart, respectively. Saliva samples were also collected at points throughout the study to determine cortisol levels.

Results
Osteopathic manipulative therapy reduced the overall chronotropic effect of the stressor (t=−2.9, P<.05) and counteracted the vagal withdrawal and the shift of autonomic balance toward sympathetic prevalence (t=−2.8, P<.05) that were observed in control participants. Moreover, OMTh participants had a much lower overall cortisol level during the mental stressor compared with control participants (t=−2.3, P<.05). Participants in the OMTh group did not show the statistically significant reduction in the amplitude of the cortisol awakening response observed in their control counterparts after the stress episode (control: t=2.7, P<.05; OMT: P=.83).

Conclusion
The application of a single OMTh session to healthy participants induced a faster recovery of heart rate and sympathovagal balance after an acute mental stressor by substantially dampening parasympathetic withdrawal and sympathetic prevalence. The OMTh session also prevented the typical increase in cortisol levels observed immediately after a brief mental challenge.
Intuitive Judgement in the Context of Osteopathic Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Liem Torsten 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrevious research into osteopathic clinical and diagnostic decision making suggests that reasoning is commonly based on highly analytical as well as intuitive processes. According to the dual-process theory, the intuitive and analytical processing that leads to decision making is equally important in diagnostic reasoning. This article aims to explore the underlying and influencing factors that may lead to the development and reliability of intuition in clinical decision making generally and in osteopathic clinical reasoning specifically. Practical suggestions are given on how to encourage the development of intuition within the context of osteopathic teaching and practice.
The Epidemiology of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody–Associated Vasculitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota
Authors: Berti Alvise , Cornec Divi , Crowson Cynthia S. , Specks Ulrich , Matteson Eric L. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo estimate the annual incidence, prevalence, and mortality of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) and its subsets, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg‐Strauss) (EGPA), in a US‐based adult population.MethodsAll medical records of patients with a diagnosis of, or suspicion of having, AAV in Olmsted County, Minnesota from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2015 were reviewed. AAV incidence rates were age‐ and sex‐adjusted to the 2010 US white population. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted prevalence of AAV was calculated on January 1, 2015. Survival rates observed in the study cohort were compared with expected rates in the Minnesota population.ResultsOf the 58 incident cases of AAV in Olmsted County during the study period, 23 (40%) were cases of GPA, 28 (48%) were cases of MPA, and 7 (12%) were cases of EGPA. Overall, 28 (48%) of the patients with AAV were women and 57 (98%) were white. The mean ± SD age at diagnosis was 61.1 ± 16.5 years. Thirty‐four patients (61%) had myeloperoxidase (MPO)–ANCAs, and 17 (30%) were positive for proteinase 3 (PR3)–ANCAs; 5 (9%) were ANCA‐negative. The annual incidence of AAV was 3.3 per 100,000 population (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.4–4.1). The incidence rates of GPA, MPA, and EGPA were 1.3 (95% CI 0.8–1.8), 1.6 (95% CI 1.0–2.2), and 0.4 (95% CI 0.1–0.6), respectively. The overall prevalence of AAV was 42.1 per 100,000 (95% CI 29.6–54.6). The mortality rate among AAV patients overall, and among patients with EGPA, those with MPA, and those with MPO‐ANCAs, was increased in comparison to the Minnesota general population (each P < 0.05), whereas mortality rates among patients with GPA, those with PR3‐ANCAs, and ANCA‐negative patients did not differ from that in the general population.ConclusionThe annual incidence of AAV in Olmsted County, Minnesota over the 20 years of the study was 3.3 per 100,000, with a prevalence of 42.1 per 100,000, which is substantially higher than the rates reported in other areas worldwide. The incidence of GPA was similar to that of MPA. Patients with MPA and those with EGPA, but not patients with GPA, experienced higher rates of mortality than that in the Minnesota general population. MPO‐ANCAs were a marker of poor survival in this population of patients with AAV.
Effects of Rifampin on the Pharmacokinetics of a Single Dose of Istradefylline in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Mukai Mayumi , Uchimura Tatsuo , Zhang Xiaoping , Greene Douglas , Vergeire Maria , Cantillon Marc 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIstradefylline, a selective adenosine A2A inhibitor, is under development for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The effect of oral steady‐state rifampin 600 mg/day, a potent cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inducer, on the disposition of a single oral dose of istradefylline 40 mg was determined in a crossover study in 20 healthy subjects by measuring plasma concentrations of istradefylline and its M1 and M8 metabolites and their derived pharmacokinetic parameters. Based on the geometric mean ratio of log‐transformed data, rifampin reduced istradefylline exposure: Cmax, 0.55 (90%CI, 0.49–0.62); AUClast, 0.21 (90%CI, 0.19–0.22); and AUCinf, 0.19 (90%CI, 0.18–0.20), indicating nonequivalence. These changes were primarily because of the effect of rifampin on the elimination parameters of istradefylline; mean CL/F was increased from 4.0 to 20.6 L/h, and mean t1/2 was reduced from 94.8 to 31.5 hours. The effect of rifampin coadministration on the disposition of the istradefylline M1 and M8 metabolites was inconsistent and variable. Furthermore, as exposure of the istradefylline M1 and M8 metabolites in plasma was generally <9% of total drug exposure, it would be expected to have a negligible impact on the pharmacodynamic effect of istradefylline. Caution should be exercised when istradefylline is administered concurrently with strong CYP3A4 inducers and dose adjustment considered.
Adverse Health Complaints of Adults Exposed to Benzene After a Flaring Disaster at the BP Refinery Facility in Texas City, Texas
Authors: D’Andrea Mark A. , Reddy G. Kesava 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the adverse health symptoms experienced by adult subjects who were exposed to benzene after a flaring disaster at the BP refinery in Texas City, Texas.MethodsA total of 2162 adults aged 18 years or older and exposed to benzene were included. Using the patients’ medical charts, we collected and analyzed data on health complaints as well as the patients’ serum levels of beta-2-microglobulin and urinary excretion of phenol.ResultsA total of 11,368 health symptom complaints were reported in 2162 adults exposed to benzene. Neurological symptoms occurred most frequently (174%), followed upper respiratory symptoms (115%), cough (31%), painful joints (30%), cardiac symptoms (28%), dermatological symptoms (28%), gastrointestinal symptoms (27%), diarrhea (25%), vision symptoms (21%), and nausea/vomiting (19%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that urinary symptoms (R2=0.65) and painful joints (R2=0.44) were positively associated with increasing age in benzene-exposed subjects.ConclusionAdult subjects exposed to benzene experience a range of adverse health symptoms and an altered profile of urinary phenol, thus indicating they are at high risk of developing serious future health complications. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:232–240)
BASIC KNOWLEDGE FIRST
Authors: Ichikawa Jonathan Jenkins 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTAn influential twenty-first century philosophical project posits a central role for knowledge: knowledge is more fundamental than epistemic states like belief and justification. So-called “knowledge first” theorists find support for this thought in identifying central theoretical roles for knowledge. I argue that a similar methodology supports a privileged role for a more specific category ofbasic knowledge. Some of the roles that knowledge first theorists have posited for knowledge generally are better suited for basic knowledge.