bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal model of Kīlauea's summit magmatic system inferred from InSAR time series and geometry‐free time‐dependent source inversion
Authors: Zhai Guang , Shirzaei Manoochehr 
Published: June 2016

AbstractKīlauea volcano, Hawai‘i Island, has a complex magmatic system including summit reservoirs and rift zones. Kinematic models of the summit reservoir have so far been limited to first‐order analytical solutions with predetermined geometry. To explore the complex geometry and kinematics of the summit reservoir, we apply a multitrack wavelet‐based InSAR (interferometric synthetic aperture radar) algorithm and a novel geometry‐free time‐dependent modeling scheme. To map spatiotemporally distributed surface deformation signals over Kīlauea's summit, we process synthetic aperture radar data sets from two overlapping tracks of the Envisat satellite, including 100 images during the period 2003–2010. Following validation against Global Positioning System data, we invert the surface deformation time series to constrain the spatiotemporal evolution of the magmatic system without any prior knowledge of the source geometry. The optimum model is characterized by a spheroidal and a tube‐like zone of volume change beneath the summit and the southwest rift zone at 2–3 km depth, respectively. To reduce the model dimension, we apply a principal component analysis scheme, which allows for the identification of independent reservoirs. The first three PCs, explaining 99% (63.8%, 28.5%, and 6.6%, respectively) of the model, include six independent reservoirs with a complex interaction suggested by temporal analysis. The data and model presented here, in agreement with earlier studies, improve the understanding of Kīlauea's plumbing system through enhancing the knowledge of temporally variable magma supply, storage, and transport beneath the summit, and verify the link between summit magmatic activity, seismicity, and rift intrusions.
Testing the equivalence of modern human cranial covariance structure: Implications for bioarchaeological applications
Authors: von Cramon‐Taubadel Noreen , Schroeder Lauren 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesEstimation of the variance‐covariance (V/CV) structure of fragmentary bioarchaeological populations requires the use of proxy extant V/CV parameters. However, it is currently unclear whether extant human populations exhibit equivalent V/CV structures.Materials and MethodsRandom skewers (RS) and hierarchical analyses of common principal components (CPC) were applied to a modern human cranial dataset. Cranial V/CV similarity was assessed globally for samples of individual populations (jackknifed method) and for pairwise population sample contrasts. The results were examined in light of potential explanatory factors for covariance difference, such as geographic region, among‐group distance, and sample size.ResultsRS analyses showed that population samples exhibited highly correlated multivariate responses to selection, and that differences in RS results were primarily a consequence of differences in sample size. The CPC method yielded mixed results, depending upon the statistical criterion used to evaluate the hierarchy. The hypothesis‐testing (step‐up) approach was deemed problematic due to sensitivity to low statistical power and elevated Type I errors. In contrast, the model‐fitting (lowest AIC) approach suggested that V/CV matrices were proportional and/or shared a large number of CPCs. Pairwise population sample CPC results were correlated with cranial distance, suggesting that population history explains some of the variability in V/CV structure among groups.DiscussionThe results indicate that patterns of covariance in human craniometric samples are broadly similar but not identical. These findings have important implications for choosing extant covariance matrices to use as proxy V/CV parameters in evolutionary analyses of past populations.
Stepwise Unfolding of Single‐Chain Nanoparticles by Chemically Triggered Gates
Authors: Fischer Tobias S. , Schulze‐Sünninghausen David , Luy Burkhard , Altintas Ozcan , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe orthogonal, stepwise, and order‐independent unfolding of single‐chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) is introduced as a key step towards actively controlling the folding dynamics of SCNPs. The SCNPs are compacted by multiple hydrogen bonds and host–guest interactions. Well‐defined diblock (AB) and tetrablock (ABCD) copolymers are equipped with orthogonal recognition motifs via modular ligation along the lateral chain. Initially, single‐chain folding of the diblock copolymer was induced by the host–guest complexation of benzo‐21‐crown‐7 (B21C7, host) and a secondary ammonium salt (AS, guest), representing an efficient avenue for single‐chain collapse. Next, both orthogonal Hamilton wedge (HW) and cyanuric acid (CA) as well as B21C7–AS motifs were employed to generate SCNPs based on the ABCD polymer system. Subsequently, the stepwise dual‐gated and order‐independent unfolding of the SCNPs was investigated by the addition of external stimuli. The folding and unfolding were explored by 1D 1H NMR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and diffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY).
A Synthesis of (±)‐Aplydactone
Authors: Meier Robin , Trauner Dirk 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAplydactone is an unusual brominated sesquiterpenoid isolated from the sea hare Aplysia dactylomela. Its highly strained skeleton contains two four‐ and three six‐membered rings and features three adjacent quaternary carbon atoms. Although it is most likely of photochemical origin, attempts to generate it from a chamigrane precursor have failed thus far. In this work, we present a total synthesis of aplydactone that relies on two photochemical key steps that are not biomimetic but highly effective in establishing the two cyclobutane rings. Our synthesis also features an unusual Barbier‐type cyclization and culminates in new radical conditions to install the sterically hindered secondary bromide of the natural product.
FLUID AND ION SECRETION BY MALPIGHIAN TUBULES OF LARVAL CHIRONOMIDS, Chironomus riparius: EFFECTS OF REARING SALINITY, TRANSPORT INHIBITORS, AND SEROTONIN
Authors: Zadeh‐Tahmasebi Melika , Bui Phuong , Donini Andrew 
Published: June 2016

Larvae of Chironomus riparius respond to ion‐poor and brackish water (IPW, BW) conditions by activating ion uptake mechanisms in the anal papillae and reducing ion absorption at the rectum, respectively. The role that the Malpighian tubules play in ion and osmoregulation under these conditions is not known in this species. This study examines rates of fluid secretion and major cation composition of secreted fluid from tubules of C. riparius reared in IPW, freshwater (FW) and BW. Fluid secretion of tubules from FW and BW larvae was similar but tubules from IPW larvae secrete fluid at higher rates, are more sensitive to serotonin stimulation, and the secreted fluid contains less Na+. Therefore in IPW, tubules work in concert with anal papillae to eliminate excess water while conserving Na+ in the hemolymph. Tubules do not appear to play a significant role in ion/osmoregulation under BW. Serotonin immunoreactivity in the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract of larval C. riparius was similar to that seen in mosquito larvae with the exception that the hindgut was devoid of staining. Hemolymph serotonin titer was similar in FW and IPW; hence, serotonin is not responsible for the observed high rates of fluid secretion in IPW. Instead, it is suggested that serotonin may work in a synergistic manner with an unidentified hormonal factor in IPW. Ion transport mechanisms in the tubules of C. riparius are pharmacologically similar to those of other insects.
CUREs in biochemistry—where we are and where we should go
Authors: Bell Jessica K. , Eckdahl Todd T. , Hecht David A. , Killion Patrick J. , Latzer Joachim , Mans Tamara L. , Provost Joseph J. , Rakus John F. , Siebrasse Erica A. , Ellis Bell J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntegration of research experience into classroom is an important and vital experience for all undergraduates. These course‐based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) have grown from independent instructor lead projects to large consortium driven experiences. The impact and importance of CUREs on students at all levels in biochemistry was the focus of a National Science Foundation funded think tank. The state of biochemistry CUREs and suggestions for moving biochemistry forward as well as a practical guide (supplementary material) are reported here. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(1):7–12, 2017.
Projections of cancer incidence and cancer‐related deaths in Germany by 2020 and 2030
Authors: Quante Anne S. , Ming Chang , Rottmann Miriam , Engel Jutta , Boeck Stefan , Heinemann Volker , Westphalen Christoph Benedikt , Strauch Konstantin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPast patterns of cancer disease and future changes in the demographic structure have a major influence on the projected incidences of human malignancies. In Germany, nearly a quarter of men and 20% of women die of cancer, and it is estimated that in Germany around 51% men and 43% women will develop cancer during lifetime. Here, we project the cancer incidence case number as well as the number of deaths for the most common cancers in the German population for the years 2020 and 2030. By 2030, prostate cancer will be the most common malignancy, surpassing breast cancer. Lung cancer will rank third most frequent cancer and will remain the most common cause of cancer‐related mortality. Additionally, our projections show a marked increase in liver cancer cases with a continuous rise in liver cancer‐related deaths. Finally, we project a constant increase in the incidence of pancreatic cancer. Based on our projections, pancreatic cancer will surpass colorectal and breast cancer to rank as the second most common cause of cancer‐related deaths in Germany by 2030.
Biotransformations of Bile Acids with Bacteria from Cayambe Slaughterhouse (Ecuador): Synthesis of Bendigoles
Authors: Costa Stefania , Maldonado Rodriguez Maria Elena , Rugiero Irene , De Bastiani Morena , Medici Alessandro , Tamburini Elena , Pedrini Paola 
Published: June 2016

The biotransformations of cholic acid (1a), deoxycholic acid (1b), and hyodeoxycholic acid (1c) to bendigoles and other metabolites with bacteria isolated from the rural slaughterhouse of Cayambe (Pichincha Province, Ecuador) were reported. The more active strains were characterized, and belong to the genera Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus. Various biotransformation products were obtained depending on bacteria and substrates. Cholic acid (1a) afforded the 3‐oxo and 3‐oxo‐4‐ene derivatives 2a and 3a (45% and 45%, resp.) with P. mendocina ECS10, 3,12‐dioxo‐4‐ene derivative 4a (60%) with Rh. erythropolis ECS25, and 9,10‐secosteroid 6 (15%) with Rh. erythropolis ECS12. Bendigole F (5a) was obtained in 20% with P. fragi ECS22. Deoxycholic acid (1b) gave 3‐oxo derivative 2b with P. prosekii ECS1 and Rh. erythropolis ECS25 (20% and 61%, resp.), while 3‐oxo‐4‐ene derivative 3b was obtained with P. prosekii ECS1 and P. mendocina ECS10 (22% and 95%, resp.). Moreover, P. fragi ECS9 afforded bendigole A (8b; 80%). Finally, P. mendocina ECS10 biotransformed hyodeoxycholic acid (1c) to 3‐oxo derivative 2c (50%) and Rh. erythropolis ECS12 to 6α‐hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐23,24‐dinor‐5β‐cholan‐22‐oic acid (9c, 66%). Bendigole G (5c; 13%) with P. prosekii ECS1 and bendigole H (8c) with P. prosekii ECS1 and Rh. erythropolis ECS12 (20% and 16%, resp.) were obtained.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with hereditary spherocytosis and splenectomy in a patient with a mutation in the BMPR2 gene
Authors: Baloira Adolfo , Bastos María , Pousada Guillermo , Valverde Diana 
Published: June 2016

Key Clinical MessageThere is some question about the relationship between hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and pulmonary arterial hypertension, even associated with splenectomy. The finding of BMPR2 mutations in our patient suggests that other factors are necessary for the development of the disease, and perhaps, the incidence of pulmonary hypertension is not increased in patients with HS.
Impact of Switching From a Vitamin K Antagonist to Rivaroxaban on Satisfaction With Anticoagulation Therapy: The XANTUS‐ACTS Substudy
Authors: Coleman Craig I. , Haas Sylvia , Turpie Alexander G.G. , Kuhls Silvia , Hess Susanne , Evers Thomas , Amarenco Pierre , Kirchhof Paulus , Camm A. John ,   on behalf of the XANTUS Investigators
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe efficacy, safety, and ease of use of rivaroxaban may reduce anticoagulation‐treatment burden and improve nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patient satisfaction compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs).HypothesisTransitioning from a VKA to rivaroxaban improves treatment satisfaction in routine practice.MethodsXarelto for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (XANTUS) is a prospective, noninterventional study in patients with NVAF prescribed rivaroxaban for prevention of stroke in routine practice. Patients receiving a VKA 4 weeks prior to the initial XANTUS study visit and switched to rivaroxaban were asked to complete the Anti‐Clot Treatment Scale (ACTS). Changes from the initial visit to the first follow‐up visit at ∼ 3 months (corresponding to a comparison of rivaroxaban vs prior VKA) for ACTS burden and benefit scores were calculated using and reported as least squared mean differences (LSMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe study included 1291 NVAF patients with prior VKA treatment. The mean baseline ACTS burden and benefit scores were 50.51 ± 8.42 and 10.30 ± 2.70, respectively. After ∼ 3 months of rivaroxaban treatment, LSMDs were 4.38 points (95% CI: 2.53‐6.22, P < 0.0001) for the burden and 1.01 points (95% CI: 0.27‐1.75, P = 0.0075) for the benefit score. Fifty‐four percent and 48% of patients reported experiencing at least a minimally important clinical difference in burden and benefit scores, respectively.ConclusionsWithin this XANTUS cohort, switching from a VKA to rivaroxaban yielded statistically and clinically significant improvements in ACT burden and benefit scores.
Sugar‐Based Arylsulfonamide Carboxylates as Selective and Water‐Soluble Matrix Metalloproteinase‐12 Inhibitors
Authors: Nuti Elisa , Cuffaro Doretta , D'Andrea Felicia , Rosalia Lea , Tepshi Livia , Fabbi Marina , Carbotti Grazia , Ferrini Silvano , Santamaria Salvatore , Camodeca Caterina , Ciccone Lidia , Orlandini Elisabetta , Nencetti Susanna , Stura Enrico A. , Dive Vincent , Rossello Armando 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase‐12 (MMP‐12) can be considered an attractive target to study selective inhibitors useful in the development of new therapies for lung and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, a new series of arylsulfonamide carboxylates, with increased hydrophilicity resulting from conjugation with a β‐N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine moiety, were designed and synthesized as MMP‐12 selective inhibitors. Their inhibitory activity was evaluated on human MMPs by using the fluorimetric assay, and a crystallographic analysis was performed to characterize their binding mode. Among these glycoconjugates, a nanomolar MMP‐12 inhibitor with improved water solubility, compound 3 [(R)‐2‐(N‐(2‐(3‐(2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl)thioureido)ethyl)biphenyl‐4‐ylsulfonamido)‐3‐methylbutanoic acid], was identified.
Manycore GPU processing of repeated range queries over streams of moving objects observations
Authors: Lettich Francesco , Orlando Salvatore , Silvestri Claudio , Jensen Christian S. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe ability to timely process significant amounts of continuously updated spatial data is mandatory for an increasing number of applications. Parallelism enables such applications to face this data‐intensive challenge and allows the devised systems to feature low latency and high scalability. In this paper, we focus on a specific data‐intensive problem concerning the repeated processing of huge amounts of range queries over massive sets of moving objects, where the spatial extent of queries and objects is continuously modified over time. To tackle this problem and significantly accelerate query processing, we devise a hybrid CPU/GPU pipeline that compresses data output and saves query processing work. The devised system relies on an ad‐hoc spatial index leading to a problem decomposition that results in a set of independent data‐parallel tasks. The index is based on a point‐region quadtree space decomposition and allows to tackle effectively a broad range of spatial object distributions, even those very skewed. Also, to deal with the architectural peculiarities and limitations of the GPUs, we adopt non‐trivial GPU data structures that avoid the need of locked memory accesses while favouring coalesced memory accesses, thus enhancing the overall memory throughput. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that exploits GPUs to efficiently solve repeated range queries over massive sets of continuously moving objects, possibly characterized by highly skewed spatial distributions. In comparison with state‐of‐the‐art CPU‐based implementations, our method highlights significant speedups in the order of 10 − 20×, depending on the dataset. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personalized extended (α, k)‐anonymity model for privacy‐preserving data publishing
Authors: Liu Xiangwen , Xie Qingqing , Wang Liangmin 
Published: June 2016

SummaryGeneral (α, k)‐anonymity model is a widely used method in privacy‐preserving data publishing, but it cannot provide personalized anonymity. At present, two main schemes for personalized anonymity are the individual‐oriented anonymity and the sensitive value‐oriented anonymity. Unfortunately, the existing personalized anonymity models, designed for any of the aforementioned schemes for privacy‐preserving data publishing, are not effective enough to meet the personalized privacy preservation requirement. In this paper, we propose a novel personalized extended scheme to provide the personalized services in general (α, k)‐anonymity model. The sensitive value‐oriented anonymity is combined with the individual‐oriented anonymity in the new personalized extended (α, k)‐anonymity model by the following two steps: (1) The sensitive attribute values are divided into several groups according to their sensitivities, and each group is assigned with its own frequency constraint threshold. (2) A guarding node is set for each individual to replace his/her sensitive value if necessary. We implement the personalized extended (α, k)‐anonymity model with a clustering algorithm. The performance evaluation finally shows that our model can provide stronger privacy preservation efficiently as well as achieving the personalized service. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐Performance Ru1/CeO2 Single‐Atom Catalyst for CO Oxidation: A Computational Exploration
Authors: Li Fengyu , Li Lei , Liu Xinying , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Chen Zhongfang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBy means of density functional theory computations, we examine the stability and CO oxidation activity of single Ru on CeO2(111), TiO2(110) and Al2O3(001) surfaces. The heterogeneous system Ru1/CeO2 has very high stability, as indicated by the strong binding energies and high diffusion barriers of a single Ru atom on the ceria support, while the Ru atom is rather mobile on TiO2(110) and Al2O3(001) surfaces and tends to form clusters, excluding these systems from having a high efficiency per Ru atom. The Ru1/CeO2 exhibits good catalytic activity for CO oxidation via the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism, thus is a promising single‐atom catalyst.
Ecosystem size matters: the dimensionality of intralacustrine diversification in Icelandic stickleback is predicted by lake size
Authors: Lucek Kay , Kristjánsson Bjarni K. , Skúlason Skúli , Seehausen Ole 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCases of evolutionary diversification can be characterized along a continuum from weak to strong genetic and phenotypic differentiation. Several factors may facilitate or constrain the differentiation process. Comparative analyses of replicates of the same taxon at different stages of differentiation can be useful to identify these factors. We estimated the number of distinct phenotypic groups in three‐spine stickleback populations from nine lakes in Iceland and in one marine population. Using the inferred number of phenotypic groups in each lake, genetic divergence from the marine population, and physical lake and landscape variables, we tested whether ecosystem size, approximated by lake size and depth, or isolation from the ancestral marine gene pool predicts the occurrence and the extent of phenotypic and genetic diversification within lakes. We find intralacustrine phenotypic diversification to be the rule rather than the exception, occurring in all but the youngest lake population and being manifest in ecologically important phenotypic traits. Neutral genetic data further indicate nonrandom mating in four of nine studied lakes, and restricted gene flow between sympatric phenotypic groups in two. Although neither the phenotypic variation nor the number of intralacustrine phenotypic groups was associated with any of our environmental variables, the number of phenotypic traits that were differentiated was significantly positively related to lake size, and evidence for restricted gene flow between sympatric phenotypic groups was only found in the largest lakes where trait specific phenotypic differentiation was highest.
Efficient spectrum leasing in cognitive radio networks: Disjoint secondary user selection and protocol selective relaying
Authors: Haqiqatnejad Ali R. , Shahtalebi Kamal , Forouzan Amir R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an efficient spectrum leasing scheme for cognitive radio networks in which the leasing process is carried out by employing two generally non‐identical secondary users. The first secondary user is selected for cooperating with the primary network, and the second one is offered the released spectrum to perform the secondary transmission. The two mentioned secondary users are selected independently. Both the decode‐and‐forward and the amplify‐and‐forward relaying protocols are considered in this paper. Moreover, a protocol selective relaying scheme named decode‐ or amplify‐and‐forward (DAF), which smartly switches between the two protocols, is applied. We show that the disjoint secondary user selection and the protocol selective relaying result in an enhanced outage performance for both the primary and secondary networks as well as an increased achievable transmission rate for the secondary network. Numerical and simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance improvement of the proposed scheme. Using the simulation results, we also investigate the effect of disjoint secondary user selection on fairness considerations of the secondary network. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.