bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprendre la monstration des crimes. Une étude comparée du récit médiatique des violences extrêmes contre les civils durant la Grande Guerre
Authors: Chabot Joceline , Kasparian Sylvia 
Published: March 2017

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche comparée sur les récits médiatiques du « massacre des Arméniens » et des « atrocités allemandes » dans la presse canadienne francophone durant la Grande Guerre. Quelles sont les spécificités du récit de ces événements eu égard à la définition et la qualification des crimes perpétrés contre les populations civiles ? Le recours aux outils informatisés de données textuelles nous a permis de traiter 1 172 articles de presse afin de rendre visible et de comparer les termes par lesquels les « atrocités allemandes » commises contre les civils sur le front ouest en 1914 et le « massacre des Arméniens » de l’Empire ottoman en 1915-1916 se sont inscrits dans l’espace médiatique. Cette analyse comparative des actes impliquant des violences extrêmes contre les civils devrait valider notre hypothèse selon laquelle les contemporains ont compris le caractère systématique, intentionnel et radical des crimes commis par les autorités ottomanes contre la population arménienne.
Du dévoilement de certaines images mentales liées à la France dans les Conventions
Nationales Acadiennes de 1881 à 1937 : une analyse rendue possible par Hyperbase
Authors: Laparra-Villemonte de la Clergerie Manon 
Published: March 2017

Le présent article vise à rendre compte d’une recherche mythocritique effectuée à
l’aide du logiciel de traitement de données Hyperbase sur une partie du vaste
corpus des conventions nationales acadiennes, de 1881 à 1937, corpus double, à la fois
discours politique et discours littéraire. Il s’agit de déterminer comment est représentée
la France à l’intérieur des discours et pourquoi ces images sont-elles si présentes au sein
des Conventions. Quel rôle jouent les références à la France à l’intérieur des grands
discours nationalistes ? En quoi participent-elles de la construction de l’identité
nationale acadienne ? Les hypothèses de travail ainsi que leurs vérifications ont été
accomplies grâce aux possibilités du logiciel, en exploitant les fonctions documentaires et
statistiques.
Le concept de citoyenneté chez des immigrants et des membres de la société d’accueil en
milieu minoritaire francophone : une analyse lexicale
Authors: Benimmas Aïcha , Kasparian Sylvia 
Published: March 2017

Étant donné les changements et les mutations constantes que connaissent les
sociétés sur différents plans (social, politique, économique, technologique, etc.), le
concept de citoyenneté nécessite une redéfinition d’une manière continue. Si les citoyens
francophones, immigrants et membres de la société d’accueil, peuvent se rejoindre grâce à la
langue française, ils peuvent différer à cause de leurs autres caractéristiques identitaires
à savoir, la culture, l’ethnie, la religion et l’histoire. C’est dans ce sens qu’il importe
d’explorer le sens que ces différents groupes donnent aux concepts de citoyen et de
participation citoyenne. L’utilisation des outils informatisés et statistiques nous a permis
de relever, par un aller-retour constant entre les analyses qualitatives et quantitatives,
les ressemblances et les divergences dans le discours de quatre groupes de participants à
notre étude : jeunes immigrants, parents immigrants, jeunes de la société d’accueil et
parents de la société d’accueil.
Analyse comparée de la dynamique d’évolution du français standard parlé dans les trois régions de Moncton, Bathurst et Edmundston, au Nouveau-Brunswick
Authors: Kasparian Sylvia , Péronnet Louise 
Published: March 2017

Toute langue est soumise à la dynamique que crée la tension entre deux tendances opposées : la tendance à la diversification et la tendance à la standardisation. La tension résultant de ces deux mouvements tendanciels constitue le moteur de l’évolution d’une langue (Schogt, 1968, Breton, 1996 et Calvet, 1981). Le français parlé en Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick est de plus en plus tiraillé par ces deux forces contradictoires de standardisation et de régionalisation. Aussi, nous nous sommes intéressées au point d’équilibre entre ces deux tendances, c’est-à-dire la description de l’état actuel de l’évolution du français parlé en Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick, notamment à la description du français parlé en situation formelle, que nous appelons ici le « français standard acadien ». À partir d’entrevues réalisées lors d’une enquête auprès de jeunes cadres d’entreprises francophones de niveau universitaire dans trois centres urbains du Nouveau-Brunswick (Moncton, Bathurst, Edmundston), nous avons relevé les traits de variation que nous avons catégorisés selon des seuils et analysés en fonction des trois régions.
La danse pour tout un chacun : pratiques différenciées d’un loisir commercial à Montréal pendant l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Roquigny Peggy 
Published: March 2017

Pendant l’entre-deux-guerres, Montréal connaît un contexte favorable à l’épanouissement du marché du divertissement. La commercialisation du loisir, déjà enclenchée à la fin du xixe siècle, s’amplifie malgré un contexte économique instable. Sur fond de musique jazz, la danse récréative n’échappe pas à ce mouvement de commercialisation. Les commerces proposant de s’adonner aux dernières danses à la mode se multiplient dans le centre-ville et rendent plus manifeste la popularité de l’activité dansante chez les citadins. Dans cet article, nous verrons que la commercialisation de la danse se décline en une variété de formules qui permettent des pratiques hétérogènes, associées à des formes de sociabilité variées, ce qui révèle des compréhensions différentes de la respectabilité.
Preparation and properties of antibacterial, biocompatible core–shell fibers produced by coaxial electrospinning
Authors: Khodkar Fatemeh , Golshan Ebrahimi Nadereh 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTCoaxial electrospinning is a method for producing fibrous mats with optional features, such as antibacterial properties, controllable release, and hydrophobicity based on shell materials. Because these features are important in biomedical applications, in this study, biocompatible hydrophobic polymer (polycaprolactone) and hydrophilic polymer [poly(vinyl alcohol)] with silver nanoparticles loaded in the core solution were coaxially electrospun. The effect of silver addition on the conductivity and viscosity of the solutions, chemical structure of the fiber mats, mechanical properties, porosity, hydrophobicity, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), silver release, and antibacterial properties were investigated. Fibers with silver exhibited less porosity and a lower WVTR and a greater contact angle than the fibers without silver. Furthermore, the core–shell fibers reduced the burst release of silver and successfully prevented the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Therefore, it seems that these fibers are suitable for providing electrospun mats with long‐term antibacterial properties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44979.
Structural Insights Into 9‐Styrylanthracene‐Based Luminophores: Geometry Control Versus Mechanofluorochromism and Sensing Properties
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Yi‐Xuan , Zhao Jing , Duan Pengfei , Chen Yulan , Chen Long 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOrganic luminophores have been increasingly applied in various fields and the corresponding structural studies are emerging as hot topics, which supply essential information on the relationships between molecular structures and photophysical properties. Herein, a series of 9‐styrylanthracene‐based luminophores with different geometries (symmetrical DTVA, asymmetrical TVA and CPVA) were facilely synthesized for a systematical photophysical invesitigation. The targets display reversible and diverse mechanofluorochromism in the solid state. In particular, DTVA and TVA exhibit an obviously higher solid‐state fluorescence quantum efficiency and distinctive AIE‐active behavior, with contrary emission shifts under external force. Moreover, DTVA and TVA showed high sensitivity for detection of picric acid (PA) in aggregated states. This study may be helpful to reveal the structural essence of luminesecent materials and pave the way to the development of novel functional luminophores.
„The singular state of the ice“. Das kartografische Wissen des Walfängers William Scoresby
Authors: Holtorf Christian 
Published: March 2017

Abstract“The singular state of the ice”. The Cartographic Knowledge of the Whaler William Scoresby. The English whaler William Scoresby, Jr. (1790–1857) made use of his annual voyages to the Greenland Sea for distinguished scientific work, detailed records and the production of amazing maps. Due to his intensive contacts to scientists as Robert Jameson and politicians as Joseph Banks and John Barrow his research achieved a great deal of attention and set a benchmark for at least half a century. Scoresby combined the adventurous world of Arctic fishery with academic sciences. He attained the northernmost point anybody reached in his time, he extended the cartographic knowledge and forced the conquest and utilisation of the oceans for commercial fishing. But his biography enquires also about who got an opportunity for research and for what. Especially it demonstrates the strong impact practical knowledge of a whaler could have on geographic research and Arctic cartography.
Prospects and challenges for the recovery of 2‐butanol produced by vacuum fermentation – a techno‐economic analysis
Authors: Pereira Joana P. C. , Lopez‐Gomez Gustavo , Reyes Noelia G. , van der Wielen Luuk A. M. , Straathof Adrie J. J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe conceptual design of a bio‐based process for 2‐butanol production is presented for the first time. Considering a hypothetical efficient producing strain, a vacuum fermentation is proposed to alleviate product toxicity, but the main challenge is the energy‐efficient product recovery from the vapor. Three downstream scenarios were examined for this purpose: 1) multi‐stage vapor recompression; 2) temperature swing adsorption; and 3) vapor absorption. The processes were simulated using Aspen Plus, considering a production capacity of 101 kton/yr. Process optimization was performed targeting the minimum selling price of 2‐butanol. The feasibility of the different configurations was analyzed based on the global energy requirements and capital expenditure. The use of integrated adsorption and absorption minimized the energy duty required for azeotrope purification, which represents 11% of the total operational expenditure in Scenario 1. The minimum selling price of 2‐butanol as commodity chemical was estimated as 1.05 $/kg, 1.21 $/kg, and 1.03 $/kg regarding the fermentation integrated with downstream scenarios 1), 2), and 3), respectively. Significant savings in 2‐butanol production could be achieved in the suggested integrated configurations if more efficient microbial strains were engineered, and more selective adsorption and absorption materials were found for product recovery.
Palladium(0) Nanoparticles Embedded in Core–shell Nanogels as Recoverable Catalysts for the Mizoroki–Heck Reaction
Authors: Pontes da Costa André , Nunes Danilo Rosa , Tharaud Mickaël , Oble Julie , Poli Giovanni , Rieger Jutta 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCore–shell nanogels are attractive stabilizers and supports for catalytically active metallic nanoparticles. Herein, we present the synthesis and the characterization of a nanostructured well‐defined core–shell nanogel with the ability to stabilize Pd0 nanoparticles in its core. This hybrid nanogel displays a remarkable stability in both the solid state and in solution. This feature allowed its successful application as a catalyst for the Mizoroki–Heck reaction between n‐butyl acrylate and a series of bromo‐ and iodoarenes. The yields spanned from good to excellent, and catalyst recycling could be achieved up to three times without a significant activity loss. Three‐phase tests indicated that the hybrid nanogel acts as a Pd0 nanoreservoir. The catalysis proceeds in a quasihomogeneous fashion as part of the catalytic activity occurs outside the nanogel, which explains the observed limited recyclability.
Supercritical CO2 Assisted Preparation of Supported Molybdenum Phosphide for Hydrotreating Catalysis
Authors: Motos‐Pérez Blanca , Quilfen Cyril , Uzio Denis , Aymonier Cyril 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMany studies in literature have reported supported metal phosphides as promising hydrotreating catalysts. The synthesis of highly dispersed metal phosphide nanoparticles is usually achieved tuning various parameters such as the nature of the phosphorous precursor or the reduction protocol. In this study, the alumina supported molybdenum phosphides were prepared following a newly developed method using supercritical fluids (SCFs) technology including several elementary steps: incipient wetness impregnation and ageing, supercritical CO2 flash‐drying, followed by hydrogen reduction. Experimental parameters allowed us modulating main characteristics of catalysts: crystallinity, reducibility, nanoparticles (NPs) mean size and size distribution. High temperature treatments (400 °C) in scCO2 media lead to the presence of heteropolyanions unlike what is observed in conventional treatment under air. Catalytic performances in selective hydrodesulfurization of methyl‐3‐thiophene, in presence of 2,3‐dimethylbut‐2‐ene, have been assessed and were improved in terms of activity or selectivity compared to MoP and CoMoS reference catalysts, respectively.
MBSA: a lightweight and flexible storage architecture for virtual machines
Authors: Chen Xian , Chen Wenzhi , Lu Zhongyong , Zhang Yu , Chang Rui , Hassan Mohammad Mehedi , Alelaiwi Abdulhameed , Xiang Yang 
Published: March 2017

SummaryWith the advantages of extremely high access speed, low energy consumption, nonvolatility, and byte addressability, nonvolatile memory (NVM) device has already been setting off a revolution in storage field. Conventional storage architecture needs to be optimized or even redesigned from scratch to fully explore the performance potential of NVM device. However, most previous NVM‐related works only explore its low access latency and low energy consumption. Few works have been done to explore the appropriate way to use NVM device for improving virtual machine's storage performance. In this paper, we comprehensively evaluate and analyze conventional virtual machine's storage architecture. We find that, even with cutting‐edge optimization technologies, virtual machine can only achieve 30% of NVM device's original performance. Based on this observation, we propose a memory bus–based storage architecture, which we named MBSA. Memory bus–based storage architecture can greatly shorten the length of virtual machine's storage input/output stack and improve NVM device's use flexibility. In addition, an efficient wear‐leveling algorithm is proposed to prolong NVM device's lifespan. To evaluate the new architecture, we implement it as well as the wear‐leveling algorithm on real hardware and software platform. Experimental results show that MBSA can provide a big performance improvement, about 2.55X, and the wear‐leveling algorithm can efficiently balance write operations on NVM device with a negligible performance overhead (no more than 3%).
Integrated Computational Protocol for the Analysis of Quadrupolar Splittings from Natural‐Abundance Deuterium NMR Spectra in (Chiral) Oriented Media
Authors: Navarro‐Vázquez Armando , Berdagué Philippe , Lesot Philippe 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDespite its low natural abundance, deuterium NMR spectroscopy in weakly oriented (chiral) solvents gives easy access to deuterium residual quadrupolar couplings (2H‐RQCs). These are formally equivalent to one‐bond residual dipolar couplings ((13C–1H)‐RDCs) for calculation of the Saupe tensor, and provide similar information for the study of molecular structure and orientational behavior. Because the quadrupolar interaction is one order of magnitude larger than the dipolar one, 2H‐RQC analysis is a much more sensitive tool for the detection of subtle structural differences and also tiny differences in molecular alignment, such as those observed for different enantiomers in chirally aligned media. To promote the analytical advantages of anisotropic, natural‐abundance deuterium NMR (NAD NMR) spectroscopy in the organic chemistry community, we describe a 2H‐RQC/DFT‐based integrated computational protocol for the evaluation of the order parameters of aligned solutes by using singular‐value decomposition. Several examples of 2H‐RQC‐assisted analysis of chiral and prochiral molecules dissolved in various polypeptide lyotropic chiral liquid crystals are reported. The role of the molecular shape in the ordering mechanism was investigated through the determination of intertensor angles between alignment tensors and inertia tensors by using the proposed protocol.
Whole‐Plant Manual and Image‐Based Phenotyping in Controlled Environments
Authors: Agnew Erica , Bray Adam , Floro Eric , Ellis Nate , Gierer John , Lizárraga César , O'Brien Darren , Wiechert Madeline , Mockler Todd C. , Shakoor Nadia , Topp Christopher N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPhenotypic measurements and images of crops grown under controlled‐environment conditions can be analyzed to compare plant growth and other phenotypes from diverse varieties. Those demonstrating the most favorable phenotypic traits can then be used for crop improvement strategies. This article details a protocol for image‐based root and shoot phenotyping of plants grown in the greenhouse to compare traits among different varieties. Diverse maize lines were grown in the greenhouse in large 8‐gallon treepots in a clay granule substrate. Replicates of each line were harvested at 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks after planting to capture developmental information. Whole‐plant phenotypes include biomass accumulation, ontogeny, architecture, and photosynthetic efficiency of leaves. Image analysis was used to measure leaf surface area and tassel size and to extract shape variance information from complex 3D root architectures. Notably, this framework is extensible to any number of above‐ or below‐ground phenotypes, both morphological and physiological. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Plasticity in algal stoichiometry: Experimental evidence of a temperature‐induced shift in optimal supply N:P ratio
Authors: Thrane Jan‐Erik , Hessen Dag O. , Andersen Tom 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThere is growing empirical and theoretical evidence for a positive relationship between the nitrogen (N)‐to‐phosphorus (P) ratio of phytoplankton and temperature. However, few have tested how the optimal supply N:P ratio; the dissolved N:P ratio at which nutrient limitation switches from one element to the other, responds to temperature. In this study, we conducted a factorial experiment crossing 12 temperature levels with 8 supply N:P ratios to determine the effect of temperature acclimation on the optimal supply N:P ratio of the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We found that the optimal supply N:P increased in a sigmoidal manner from 26.5 to 36.5 (atomic ratio) over a temperature gradient spanning from ∼10 to 18°C, with the steepest change around 15°C. This result is in accordance with trends observed for cellular and seston N:P ratios, and indicates that phytoplankton populations may be shifted toward N‐limitation in a scenario of warmer waters.
Striatal D1 medium spiny neuron activation induces dyskinesias in parkinsonian mice
Authors: Perez Xiomara A. , Zhang Danhui , Bordia Tanuja , Quik Maryka 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundDyskinesias are a disabling motor complication that arises with prolonged l‐dopa treatment. Studies using D1 receptor drugs and genetically modified mice suggest that medium spiny neurons expressing D1 receptors play a primary role in l‐dopa–induced dyskinesias. However, the specific role of these neurons in dyskinesias is not fully understood.MethodsWe used optogenetics, which allows for precise modulation of select neurons in vivo, to investigate whether striatal D1‐expressing medium spiny neuron activity regulates abnormal involuntary movements or dyskinesia in parkinsonian mice. D1‐cre mice unilaterally lesioned with 6‐hydroxydopamine received striatal injections of cre‐dependent channelrhodopsin2 virus or control virus. After stable virus expression, the effect of optical stimulation on dyskinesia was tested in l‐dopa–naïve and l‐dopa–primed mice.ResultsSingle‐pulse and burst‐optical stimulation of D1‐expressing medium spiny neurons induced dyskinesias in l‐dopa–naïve channelrhodopsin2 mice. In stably dyskinetic mice, l‐dopa injection induced dyskinesia to a similar or somewhat greater extent than optical stimulation. Combined l‐dopa administration and stimulation resulted in an additive increase in dyskinesias, indicating that other mechanisms also contribute. Molecular studies indicate that changes in extracellular signal‐regulated kinase phosphorylation in D1‐expressing medium spiny neurons are involved. Optical stimulation did not ameliorate parkinsonism in l‐dopa–naïve mice. However, it improved parkinsonism in l‐dopa–primed mice to a similar extent as l‐dopa administration. None of the stimulation paradigms enhanced dyskinesia or modified parkinsonism in l‐dopa–naïve or l‐dopa–primed control virus mice.ConclusionThe data provide direct evidence that striatal D1‐expressing medium spiny neuron stimulation is sufficient to induce dyskinesias and contributes to the regulation of motor control. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Prodromal spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: Prospects for early interventions and ethical challenges
Authors: Velázquez‐Pérez Luis , Rodríguez‐Labrada Roberto , Laffita‐Mesa José Miguel 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe characterization of prodromal stages in neurodegenerative disorders is becoming increasingly important because of the need for early neuroprotective therapies. Research during the past 3 decades in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 has revealed a large body of evidence suggesting that many disease features precede the manifest cerebellar syndrome, which delineates the prodromal stage of this disorder. This stage is defined by clinical, imaging, and functional criteria, which are supported by early molecular events demonstrated in animal models. Knowledge regarding prodromal spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 provides insight into the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration from the early stages, which enables the design of promising disease‐modifying clinical trials through the identification of the optimum moment to begin the therapies, the appropriate selection of individuals, and the identification of sensitive outcome measures. The management of patients in prodromal spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 may raise ethical dilemmas related to predictive diagnosis and early interventions, which impose new challenges to clinical and therapeutic research. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society