bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathological assessment of OASIS Ultra on critical‐sized wound healing: a pilot study
Authors: Yeh Daniel Dante , Nazarian Rosalynn M. , Demetri Leah , Mesar Tomaz , Dijkink Suzan , Larentzakis Andreas , Velmahos George , Sadik Karim Walid 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundDermatopathologists assess wounds secondary to trauma, infection, or oncologic resection that can be challenging to reconstruct. OASIS Ultra, an extracellular matrix, has been described for use in chronic and burn wounds. The aim of this pilot study is to assess wound healing in post‐traumatic and infective wounds treated with OASIS using histological markers of repair.Materials and MethodsAdults with traumatic, infective or iatrogenic wound defects with size precluding primary closure were eligible. Half the wound was randomly assigned to receive OASIS plus standard therapy; the other half received standard of care (SOC) therapy. During dressing changes, standardized‐scale photographs were taken and biopsies obtained. Histologic sections were reviewed for degree of acute inflammation and extent of tissue repair. Neutrophils, edema, hemorrhage, necrosis, fibroblasts, collagen density and neovascularization were semi‐quantitatively assessed.ResultsForty‐four skin biopsies from 7 patients with 10 acute wounds met eligibility criteria. Histologically, OASIS samples demonstrated improved acute inflammation scores compared to SOC. No patients experienced OASIS‐related complications. OASIS‐treated wound halves trended toward more wound contraction and improved tissue repair.ConclusionOur scoring system aids histopathological wound assessment. Treatment of critical‐sized, post‐traumatic, acute wounds with OASIS resulted in decreased inflammation, and potentially more advanced wound healing, compared to SOC.
Objects in Focus: Museum Visitors and Instagram
Authors: Budge Kylie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhile there is increasingly widespread use of social media by those visiting museum exhibitions relatively little is understood about this practice. Further still, the focus of such practices is unknown yet research in this area can reveal much about how visitors using applications driven by smart phone technology are engaging with exhibition content, space, design, architecture and people. This article draws on a case study of one exhibition using visual content analysis to frame, explore and interpret visual and text based posts by visitors using the social media application, Instagram, as part of their experience. Findings suggest that museum visitors using this application do so to account for and record details of their experience that draws attention to exhibition content, specifically objects. The implications are extensive for cultural institutions given the uptake of social media in all corners of life, with museums and galleries being a lively context for social media use via mobile technologies.
“Let's talk about sex”: visitor comments in Contraception: Uncovering the collection of Dame Margaret Sparrow
Authors: Gibson Stephanie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractContraception: Uncovering the collection of Dame Margaret Sparrow was an exhibition at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa which featured a participatory activity titled “Let's talk about sex” where visitors could answer the question: “If you could give your younger self one piece of advice about contraception, what would it be?” Over 2200 comments were written, inspiring an evaluation project. The resulting analysis provides insights into visitors’ attitudes, values, behaviours, experiences and concerns about contraception, sex, sexuality and sexual health in the early 21st century. The results also demonstrate the value and usefulness of visitor comments both as an exhibition experience and as data to complement formal evaluation methods. The paper also acknowledges the less successful aspects of the project.
Neuroanatomical correlates of performance in a state‐wide test of math achievement
Authors: Wilkey Eric D. , Cutting Laurie E. , Price Gavin R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe development of math skills is a critical component of early education and a strong indicator of later school and economic success. Recent research utilizing population‐normed, standardized measures of math achievement suggest that structural and functional integrity of parietal regions, especially the intraparietal sulcus, are closely related to the development of math skills. However, it is unknown how these findings relate to in‐school math learning. The present study is the first to address this issue by investigating the relationship between regional differences in grey matter (GM) volume and performance in grade‐level mathematics as measured by a state‐wide, school‐based test of math achievement (TCAP math) in children from 3rd to 8th grade. Results show that increased GM volume in the bilateral hippocampal formation and the right inferior frontal gyrus, regions associated with learning and memory, is associated with higher TCAP math scores. Secondary analyses revealed that GM volume in the left angular gyrus had a stronger relationship to TCAP math in grades 3–4 than in grades 5–8 while the relationship between GM volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus and TCAP math was stronger for grades 5–8. These results suggest that the neuroanatomical architecture related to in‐school math achievement differs from that related to math achievement measured by standardized tests, and that the most related neural structures differ as a function of grade level. We suggest, therefore, that the use of school‐relevant outcome measures is critical if neuroscience is to bridge the gap to education.
The procedural learning deficit hypothesis of language learning disorders: we see some problems
Authors: West Gillian , Vadillo Miguel A. , Shanks David R. , Hulme Charles 
Published: March 2017

AbstractImpaired procedural learning has been suggested as a possible cause of developmental dyslexia (DD) and specific language impairment (SLI). This study examined the relationship between measures of verbal and non‐verbal implicit and explicit learning and measures of language, literacy and arithmetic attainment in a large sample of 7 to 8‐year‐old children. Measures of verbal explicit learning were correlated with measures of attainment. In contrast, no relationships between measures of implicit learning and attainment were found. Critically, the reliability of the implicit learning tasks was poor. Our results show that measures of procedural learning, as currently used, are typically unreliable and insensitive to individual differences. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnvV-BvNWSo
The ontogeny of relational memory and pattern separation
Authors: Ngo Chi T. , Newcombe Nora S. , Olson Ingrid R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEpisodic memory relies on memory for the relations among multiple elements of an event and the ability to discriminate among similar elements of episodes. The latter phenomenon, termed pattern separation, has been studied mainly in young and older adults with relatively little research on children. Building on prior work with young children, we created an engaging computer‐administered relational memory task assessing what‐where relations. We also modified the Mnemonic Similarity Task used to assess pattern discrimination in young and older adults for use with preschool children. Results showed that 4‐year‐olds performed significantly worse than 6‐year‐olds and adults on both tasks, whereas 6‐year‐olds and adults performed comparably, even though there were no ceiling effects. However, performance on the two tasks did not correlate, suggesting that two distinct mnemonic processes with different developmental trajectories may contribute to age‐related changes in episodic memory.
Peripheral and central contribution to the difficulty of speech in noise perception in dyslexic children
Authors: Calcus Axelle , Deltenre Paul , Colin Cécile , Kolinsky Régine 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNoise typically induces both peripheral and central masking of an auditory target. Whereas the idea that a deficit of speech in noise perception is inherent to dyslexia is still debated, most studies have actually focused on the peripheral contribution to the dyslexics’ difficulties of perceiving speech in noise. Here, we investigated the respective contribution of both peripheral and central noise in three groups of children: dyslexic, chronological age matched controls (CA), and reading‐level matched controls (RL). In all noise conditions, dyslexics displayed significantly lower performance than CA controls. However, they performed similarly or even better than RL controls. Scrutinizing individual profiles failed to reveal a strong consistency in the speech perception difficulties experienced across all noise conditions, or across noise conditions and reading‐related performances. Taken together, our results thus suggest that both peripheral and central interference contribute to the poorer speech in noise perception of dyslexic children, but that this difficulty is not a core deficit inherent to dyslexia.
Increasing the protein quantity in a meal results in dose‐dependent effects on postprandial glucose levels in individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Paterson M. A. , Smart C. E. M. , Lopez P. E. , Howley P. , McElduff P. , Attia J. , Morbey C. , King B. R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo determine the glycaemic impact of increasing protein quantities when consumed with consistent amounts of carbohydrate in individuals with Type 1 diabetes on intensive insulin therapy.MethodsParticipants with Type 1 diabetes [aged 10–40 years, HbA1c ≤ 64 mmol/mol (8%), BMI ≤ 91st percentile] received a 30‐g carbohydrate (negligible fat) test drink daily over 5 days in randomized order. Protein (whey isolate 0 g/kg carbohydrate, 0 g/kg lipid) was added in amounts of 0 (control), 12.5, 25, 50 and 75 g. A standardized dose of insulin was given for the carbohydrate. Postprandial glycaemia was assessed by 5 h of continuous glucose monitoring.ResultsData were collected from 27 participants (15 male). A dose–response relationship was found with increasing amount of protein. A significant negative relationship between protein dose and mean excursion was seen at the 30‐ and 60‐min time points (P = 0.007 and P = 0.002, respectively). No significant relationship was seen at the 90‐ and 120‐min time points. Thereafter, the dose–response relationship inverted, such that there was a significant positive relationship for each of the 150–300‐min time points (P < 0.004). Mean glycaemic excursions were significantly greater for all protein‐added test drinks from 150 to 300 min (P < 0.005) with the 75‐g protein load, resulting in a mean excursion that was 5 mmol/l higher when compared with the control test drink (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIncreasing protein quantity in a low‐fat meal containing consistent amounts of carbohydrate decreases glucose excursions in the early (0–60‐min) postprandial period and then increases in the later postprandial period in a dose‐dependent manner.
Prevalence of elevated liver enzymes in adults with type 1 diabetes: A multicentre analysis of the German/Austrian DPV database
Authors: Stadler Marietta , Bollow Esther , Fritsch Maria , Kerner Wolfgang , Schuetz‐Fuhrmann Ingrid , Krakow Dietmar , Merger Sigrun , Riedl Michaela , Jehle Peter , Holl Reinhard W. ,   for the DPV Initiative and the German BMBF Competence Network Diabetes mellitus
Published: March 2017

AimsTo assess the prevalence of elevated liver enzymes in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in routine clinical care and the association with cardiovascular risk profile in the Diabetes‐Prospective‐Documentation (DPV) network in Germany and Austria.Subjects and methodsThis cross sectional observational study from the DPV registry includes data from 45 519 adults with T1DM at 478 centres up to September 2016. Liver enzyme measurements were available in 9226 (29%) patients at 270 centres and were analysed for increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT; men >50 U/L, women >35U/L) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST; men >50 U/L, women >35U/L) and/or gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT; men >60U/L, women >40 U/L). A subgroup analysis in patients for whom 2 or more ALT measurements were available (n = 2335, 25%) and whose ALT was increased at least twice (men >30 U/L, women >19U/L) was performed. Associations with glycaemic control, cardiovascular risk factors and late complications were investigated with multiple regression analyses.ResultsTwenty percent (19.8%, n = 1824) had increased liver enzyme(s) on one or more occasions. Increased liver enzymes were associated with worse glycaemic control and higher BMI (both P < .0001), dyslipidemia (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.54‐2.0), hypertension (OR, 1.48; 95% CI: 1.31‐1.68), myocardial infarction (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.17‐1.91) and end stage renal disease (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.17‐2.17). ALT was increased twice in 29% and was associated with worse glycaemic control (P < .0001), higher BMI (P < .0001), hypertension (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.26‐1.97) and dyslipidemia (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.51‐2.37).ConclusionsIn this clinical audit in adults with T1DM, elevated liver enzymes on routine assessment were associated with a less favourable cardiovascular risk profile and with poorer glycaemic control.
Survey tools and demographic parameters of SlovakianAgrilusassociated with beech and poplar
Authors: Rhainds Marc , Kimoto Troy , Galko Juraj , Nikolov Christo , Ryall Krista , Brodersen Garrett , Webster Vincent 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWoodborers in theAgrilusgenus (Coleoptera:Buprestidae) pose high invasiveness risk as indicated by the recent invasion and continental spread of emerald ash borer, and the associated threat to ash resources in North America. In that context, development of detection tools for potentially invasiveAgrilusspp. is a research priority. Experiments carried out in 2013 in Slovakian beech and poplar forests evaluated the attraction of multipleAgrilusspecies to green and purple sticky prism traps baited with various lures [blank, cubeb oil, (Z)‐3‐hexenol]. The two most abundant species wereAgrilus viridisL. in beech (Fagusspp.) forest (146 adults, >95% of which were females) andAgrilus convexicollisRedtenbacher in poplar (Populusspp.) forest (158 adults, two‐thirds of them males). The two species exhibited opposite responses to color: purple traps attracted 2–3× more adultA. viridisthan green traps, whereas most (>95%) specimens ofA. convexicolliswere captured on green traps. Volatile baits did not influence captures of adults for either species. The introduction and establishment ofA. viridisin North America is of particular concern owing to its feeding niche (primary pest that can attack healthy trees), large body size, and high level of polyphagy (>10 genera of host trees). Additional experiments conducted in beech forests in 2014 found purple prism traps more attractive to femaleA. viridisthan green prism traps, especially those baited with cubeb oil. No analysis was conducted for males because of their low abundance. FemaleA. viridisflew earlier in 2013 than in 2014, but neither their body size nor fecundity varied between years. In both years, large females had more eggs in their abdomen than small females, and the number of eggs steadily declined over time, which suggests that femaleA. viridisare reproductively mature at emergence.
Realizing the Good: Hegel's Critique of Kantian Morality
Authors: García Mills Nicolás 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough the best‐known Hegelian objection against Kant's moral philosophy is the charge that the categorical imperative is an ‘empty formalism’, Hegel's criticisms also include what we might call the realizability objection. Tentatively stated, the realizability objection says that within the sphere of Kantian morality, the good remains an unrealizable ‘ought’ – in other words, the Kantian moral ‘ought’ can never become an ‘is’. In this paper, I attempt to come to grips with this objection in two steps. In the first section of the paper, I provide an initial reading of the objection, according to which Hegel agrees with Kant's formulation of the realizability problem but disagrees with the specific Kantian solution, namely, with the Kantian idea of the highest good and the doctrine of the postulates. In the second section, I go on to argue that this reading is potentially too superficial and offer a more far‐reaching interpretation whereby Hegel is ultimately targeting fundamental distinctions (between, for instance, reason and sensibility) of Kant's moral theory. I end by employing these more far‐reaching results of Hegel's objection to sketch some features of Hegel's alternative ethical view.
Volcanic ash supports a diverse bacterial community in a marine mesocosm
Authors: Witt V. , Ayris P. M. , Damby D. E. , Cimarelli C. , Kueppers U. , Dingwell D. B. , Wörheide G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractShallow‐water coral reef ecosystems, particularly those already impaired by anthropogenic pressures, may be highly sensitive to disturbances from natural catastrophic events, such as volcanic eruptions. Explosive volcanic eruptions expel large quantities of silicate ash particles into the atmosphere, which can disperse across millions of square kilometres and deposit into coral reef ecosystems. Following heavy ash deposition, mass mortality of reef biota is expected, but little is known about the recovery of post‐burial reef ecosystems. Reef regeneration depends partly upon the capacity of the ash deposit to be colonised by waterborne bacterial communities and may be influenced to an unknown extent by the physiochemical properties of the ash substrate itself. To determine the potential for volcanic ash to support pioneer bacterial colonisation, we exposed five well‐characterised volcanic and coral reef substrates to a marine aquarium under low light conditions for 3 months: volcanic ash, synthetic volcanic glass, carbonate reef sand, calcite sand and quartz sand. Multivariate statistical analysis of Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA) fingerprinting data demonstrates clear segregation of volcanic substrates from the quartz and coral reef substrates over 3 months of bacterial colonisation. Overall bacterial diversity showed shared and substrate‐specific bacterial communities; however, the volcanic ash substrate supported the most diverse bacterial community. These data suggest a significant influence of substrate properties (composition, granulometry and colour) on bacterial settlement. Our findings provide first insights into physicochemical controls on pioneer bacterial colonisation of volcanic ash and highlight the potential for volcanic ash deposits to support bacterial diversity in the aftermath of reef burial, on timescales that could permit cascading effects on larval settlement.
Should Gender Differences be Considered When Assessing Student Satisfaction in the Online Learning Environment for Millennials?
Authors: Harvey Heather Lea , Parahoo Sanjai , Santally Mohammad 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe majority of today's students in online higher education are millennials and have grown up using technology. Therefore, there is a need to determine if their expectations from online learning are different from previous contextual studies and whether or not these vary across gender. This study used a mixed method approach, using focus groups, followed by online surveys of 834 undergraduate students from the University of Mauritius enrolled in an online course. Using factor analysis and structural equation modelling, the study found no significant differences based on gender for millennials, but identified three significant antecedents of student satisfaction for both males and females: university reputation; physical facilities; and instructor empathy.
Occupational mycosis fungoides – a case series
Authors: Slodownik Dan , Moshe Shlomo , Sprecher Eli , Goldberg Ilan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundMycosis fungoides (MF) is the most frequent type of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. MF has long been considered to develop as the result of a combination of genetic defects and exogenous triggers. Although no specific MF‐associated environmental trigger has been established to date, some studies have suggested that occupational exposures may occasionally trigger the onset of MF.ObjectiveIn this observational study, we aimed at underscoring the potential association between occupational exposure and MF.MethodsWe ascertained a cohort of 150 MF patients for possible occupational exposure.ResultsFive MF patients with occupational exposure were identified in our cohort. Three patients had intensive contact with aromatic hydrocarbons; two of them were working in the same plant and in the same unit for more than 30 years. The third patient had been in contact with aromatic hydrocarbons for a total of 8 years. Patient 4 had additional contact for 12 years with hydrazine, and patient 5 had been exposed for 3 years to formaldehyde.ConclusionThe clustering of two cases of MF, an exceptionally rare disease, in the same plant unit, as well as the long‐term, intense occupational exposure in other cases, substantiates the notion that occupational exposures may contribute to the pathogenesis of MF.
Piezoelectric softening by Nb substitution in (Ba,Pb)ZrO3 ceramics
Authors: Fraygola Bárbara M. , Chandrasekanar Anand , Bahati David , Salazar Ulises , Biancoli Alberto , Marzari Nicola , Damjanovic Dragan , Setter Nava 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDonor doping is commonly applied for softening of the piezoelectric and dielectric properties and facilitation of polarization switching in the ubiquitous Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 [PZT] ceramics. The origin of the donor‐dopant effects is not entirely clear. (Pb,Ba)ZrO3 [PBZ] is a related ferroelectric material, its perovskite A‐site being partially occupied by the larger Ba+2 cation, less prone to evaporation than Pb+2, and the B‐site is occupied entirely by the valency‐stable Zr+4. Here we report on our studies of Nb+5 doping effects in (Pb,Ba)ZrO3. Similarly, to past observations on La+3 and Nb+5 doped PZT, we find a strong reduction in relative density of PBZ when the doping is <0.5 atomic %. This is accompanied by lattice parameter reduction, enhanced PbO loss, smaller grain size and deterioration of dielectric, piezoelectric and polarization switching properties, the latter being opposite of expected softening effect. All those observations can be interpreted in terms of the Nb entering A‐site at small concentrations. This is supported by ab‐inito calculations and analysis of the possible defect reaction equations. The structure and microstructure of PBZ with Nb>0.2% are consistent with Nb+5 entering the B‐site and softening effects are observed. The study supports the scenario of hardening due to domain walls pinning by VPb‐VO divacancies and softening upon decrease in their concentration.