bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly-enhanced propagation of long-range kinks in heterogeneous media
Authors: González Jorge A. , Bellorín Alberto , Guerrero Luis E. , Jiménez Salvador , Marín Juan F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We investigate a field-theoretical model that describes the interaction between kinks and antikinks and between kinks and other heterogeneous fields and impurities. We show that the long-range kink can tunnel through a barrier created by heterogeneous fields and impurities even when the energy of the center of mass of the kink is less than the height of the energy barrier. We also study the conditions under which the kink can pass freely through a disordered medium. We introduce the concept of “effective translational symmetry”. We compare our results with those from recent papers published in this journal, where the Bogomol’nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield property is discussed.
Quantizing Carrollian field theories
Authors: Cotler Jordan , Jensen Kristan , Prohazka Stefan , Raz Amir , Riegler Max , Salzer Jakob 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Carrollian field theories have recently emerged as a candidate dual to flat space quantum gravity. We carefully quantize simple two-derivative Carrollian theories, revealing a strong sensitivity to the ultraviolet. They can be regulated upon being placed on a spatial lattice and working at finite inverse temperature. Unlike in conventional field theories, the details of the lattice-regulated Carrollian theories remain important at long distances even in the limit that the lattice spacing is sent to zero. We use that limit to define interacting continuum models with a tractable perturbative expansion. The ensuing theories are those of generalized free fields, with non-Gaussian correlations suppressed by positive powers of the lattice spacing, and an unbroken supertranslation symmetry.
Post-COVID-19-Zustand – klinische Phänotypisierung in der Praxis
Authors: Humkamp Karen , Costa Ana Sofia , Reetz Kathrin , Walders Julia 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die hohe Anzahl und klinische Heterogenität der neurologischen Beeinträchtigungen bei Patientinnen mit einem Post-COVID-19-Zustand (PCC) stellt eine Herausforderung für die ambulante Versorgung dar.

Ziel der Arbeit
Unser Ziel war die Evaluation der Anwendbarkeit der vorgeschlagenen Subtypen gemäß der kürzlich aktualisierten Leitlinie „Long/Post-COVID“ (Stand 30.05.2024) und deren tiefere Phänotypisierung mittels klinisch und neuropsychologisch erhobener Befunde aus unserer neurologischen Post-COVID-Ambulanz.

Methoden
Die Auswertung basierte auf querschnittlich erhobenen neurologischen und testpsychologischen Untersuchungen der Patientinnen, die mithilfe standardisierter Fragebögen und Testbatterien durchgeführt wurden. Außerdem fand eine eingehende Anamnese der aktuellen Symptomatik sowie die systematische retrospektive Erfragung der Akutsymptomatik bis 4 Wochen nach bestätigter Infektion statt. Die Einteilung der Subtypen erfolgte gemäß o. g. Leitlinie anhand der Anamnese, Vorbefunden sowie ausgewählter Patientenfragebögen. Zusätzlich wurde ein 5. Subtyp aus der vorangegangenen Leitlinie „Long/Post-COVID“ (Stand 05.03.2023) ergänzt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 157 Patientinnen zwischen August 2020 und März 2022 eingeschlossen. Die Vorstellung erfolgte im Median 9,4 Monate (IQR = 5,3) nach der Infektion, wobei das mediane Alter 49,9 Jahre (IQR = 17,2) betrug und 68 % weiblich waren, bei einer Hospitalisierungsrate von insgesamt 26 %. Subtyp 1 (Post-intensive-care-Syndrom) wies die höchste Männerquote und den höchsten Body-Mass-Index (BMI) sowie den größten Anstieg subjektiver Wortfindungsstörungen (70 %) auf. In Subtyp 2 (Folgekrankheiten) dominierten kognitive Beeinträchtigungen und die höchsten Depressionswerte. Subtyp 3 (Fatigue und Belastungsintoleranz) war am häufigsten (44 %), hatte den größten Frauenanteil, die meisten Symptome und die stärkste subjektive Fatigue. Subtyp 4 (Exazerbation einer Grunderkrankung) wies vor allem affektive Symptome auf. Subtyp 5 (Beschwerden ohne Alltagsrelevanz) hatte die niedrigsten Werte für Depression, Fatigue und BMI. Neurologische und psychische Erkrankungen waren überall häufig vorbestehend.

Diskussion
Das Management eines PCC kann durch eine standardisierte Subtypeneinteilung, die individuelle und frühzeitige Behandlungskonzepte ermöglicht, verbessert werden. Risikopatientinnen sollten identifiziert und über Risikofaktoren sowie Präventionsstrategien aufgeklärt werden. Körperliche Aktivität und Reduzierung kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren sind essenziell. Bei kognitiven Defiziten und gleichzeitiger affektiver Symptomatik sollte zeitnah eine psychotherapeutische Anbindung und medikamentöse Behandlung mit selektiven Serotonin-Wiederaufnahme-Hemmern (SSRI) erfolgen.
A 262-line Matlab code for the level set topology optimization based on the estimated gradient field in the body-fitted mesh
Authors: Zhuang Zicheng , Xu Fengming , Ye Junhong , Tong Wei , Chen Zeyao , Weng Yiwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTopology optimization is an influential technique engineers and designers employ to achieve desirable material distribution within a designated domain. This educational article introduces a concise and efficient Matlab code, comprising only 262 lines, developed explicitly for the Level Set topology optimization based on the estimated Gradient Field (GFLS) in the body-fitted mesh. Unlike conventional level set methods that rely on the upwind scheme employed in the structured meshes, the proposed algorithm adopts the per-cell linear estimation of the discrete gradient vectors in the body-fitted mesh framework to obtain the velocity field and update the level set function. The Matlab code, named GFLS262, consists of a 62-line main program, 41-line finite element analysis function, and 48-line sub-functions, enabling the implementation of the GFLS method in 2D scenarios. Additionally, a 111-line function describes an improved mesh generator incorporated in the code to facilitate the generation of body-fitted meshes. The superiority of this innovative approach over the previous optimization methods with invariant meshes is demonstrated through various benchmark examples. For ease of access and further learning, the educational Matlab code is available on the website and can also be found in the Appendix section of this article.
Sampling in quasi shift-invariant spaces and Gabor frames generated by ratios of exponential polynomials
Authors: Ulanovskii Alexander , Zlotnikov Ilya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We introduce two families of generators (functions)

$${\mathcal {G}}$$

G

that consist of entire and meromorphic functions enjoying a certain periodicity property and contain the classical Gaussian and hyperbolic secant generators. Sharp results are proved on the density of separated sets that provide non-uniform sampling for the shift-invariant and quasi shift-invariant spaces generated by elements of these families. As an application, new sharp results are obtained on the density of semi-regular lattices for the Gabor frames generated by elements from these families.
Radiative energy budgets of migrational microphytobenthic biofilms
Authors: Haro S. , Barnett A. , Papaspyrou S. , Corzo A. , Kühl M. , Jesus B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEpipelic, biofilm-forming diatoms are key drivers of the primary production of mudflats. Such primary production is strongly affected by the vertical migration of diatoms, which is modulated by diurnal photoperiods, tidal cycles, and photoprotection mechanisms. However, the role of vertical migration in the radiative energy budget (REB) of microphytobenthic biofilms remains largely unknown. Here we used microsensor measurements of temperature and O2 in combination with reflectance spectroscopy and variable chlorophyll fluorimetry to construct the REB of intertidal, epipelic diatom-dominated biofilms for different emersion times (1, 3 and 5 h after the beginning of the in-situ emersion) and photon irradiance regimes, i.e., 400 and 800 µmol photon m−2 s−1. The effect of migration on REBs was studied by inhibiting diatom motility with Latrunculin A (Lat-A). Photosynthetic activity and light utilization efficiency decreased slightly, after adding Lat-A, while the amount of reflected light energy remained constant at ~ 23% of the incident irradiance and the majority (76–78%) of the incident light energy was dissipated as heat. Of the energy dissipated as heat, < 24% was dissipated upward in Lat-A treated samples, while an increasing downward heat dissipation was observed in Lat-A treated samples, as compared to control samples under an irradiance of 800 µmol photon m−2 s−1. However, we found no statistical significant differences in the REB and physiological parameters in the different treatments. Thus, we did not find any evidence that vertical migration of diatoms affected photosynthesis and light efficiency in the microphytobenthic biofilm over an emersion cycle, and a clear effect of non-photochemical quenching in REB and heat dissipation fluxes was not observed.
Burden of neural tube defects in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sinha Anuvi , P Ponmani , Chakraborty Hirok , Barnwal Rajan Kumar , Sinha Ratnesh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
One of the most common and serious congenital defects is neural tube defect (NTD) in India. The data about the NTDs in India is lacking. The objective of this meta-analysis is to provide an estimate of NTDs in India with regional variations.

Method
This study was conducted by doing a literature search using PubMed (Medline) and Embase databases for studies published from their inception to 1 October 2023 by using relevant keywords. We have prepared our study protocol by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist, and our study is registered in PROSPERO. Pooled prevalence was calculated by using the Der Simonian-Liard method and random effect model to find out the burden of NTD in India. Additionally, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) tool was used for assessing the study quality.

Results
A total of 1129 articles were identified by using the predefined keywords in which 27 articles were selected which were fitting the selection criteria defined in our study. The prevalence of NTDs in our meta-analysis was found to be 9.46 per 1000 births with a 95% confidence interval of 8.01 to 10.91 per 1000 births with significant heterogeneity with I2 of 99.15%.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the increasing trend of NTDs over the past decades, with significant regional variation in India. There is an urgent need for comprehensive prevention strategies such as advocacy and awareness, antenatal screening for NTDs, folic acid supplementation, and food fortification. Future research is required for identification and implementation for a target-based approach for region specific.
Clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with obesity and idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Wills Mélissa V. , Alavi Mohammad Hesam , Aleassa Essa M. , Tu Chao , Wilson Rickesha , Corcelles Ricard , Augustin Toms , Bencsath Kalman P. , Cha Walter , Gutnick Jesse , Szomstein Samuel , Rosenthal Raul , Kroh Matthew , Feng Xiaoxi , Aminian Ali 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Obesity is a major risk factor for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Effective therapeutics for preventing disease progression and alleviating symptoms are limited. This study aims to examine the effects of bariatric surgery on clinical outcomes of IIH.

Methods
We retrospectively collected data from the medical record of 97 patients with obesity and an existing diagnosis of IIH who underwent primary bariatric surgery at the Cleveland Clinic health system in the USA between 2005 and 2023. Pre- and postoperative data on presence of symptoms and clinical markers of IIH (headaches, visual field defects, papilledema, visual symptoms), intracranial pressure, and usage of IIH medications were compared.

Results
A total of 97 patients (98% female, median age 46.7 years, median BMI 48.3 kg/m2) with IIH who underwent bariatric surgery including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 66, 68%), sleeve gastrectomy (n = 27, 27.8%), and gastric banding (n = 4, 4.1%) were analyzed. In a median follow-up time of 3.0 years, the median total weight loss was 24% (interquartile range, 13–33%). There was a significant improvement in headache, papilledema, visual field deficits, and visual symptoms after bariatric surgery. The mean lumbar opening pressure before and after bariatric surgery was 34.8 ± 8.2 cm CSF and 24.2 ± 7.6 cm CSF, respectively, with a mean reduction of 10.7 cm CSF (95% confidence interval, 4.7 to 16.6), p = 0.003. The dosage of acetazolamide and topiramate, as well as the number of medications taken for IIH, decreased significantly after bariatric surgery (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
For patients who have obesity, bariatric surgery is a viable treatment modality for alleviation or improvement of symptoms of IIH.
Waterjet pulse lavage as a safe adjunct to video assisted retroperitoneal debridement in necrotising pancreatitis
Authors: Kotecha Krishna , Yeh John , Chui Juanita N. , Tree Kevin , Greer Douglas , Boue Alex , Gall Tamara , McKay Siobhan , Mittal Anubhav , Samra Jaswinder S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Minimally invasive surgical necrosectomy plays an important role in the management of infected pancreatic necrosis, with a goal of removing debris and debriding necrotic tissue. Pulse lavage is designed to simultaneously hydrostatically debride and remove the infected necrotic tissue with suction. It is also able to remove significant amounts of debris without traumatic manipulation of the necrotic tissue which may be adherent to surrounding tissue and can result in injury.

Methods and results
The surgical technique of utilising a waterjet pulse lavage device during the minimally invasive necrosectomy is detailed. Sixteen patients being managed via a step-up approach underwent endoscopic necrosectomy via a radiologically placed drain tract. All sixteen patients were successfully managed endoscopically without conversion to open necrosectomy, and survived their admission. There were no complications associated with the use of the waterjet pulse lavage.

Conclusion
Waterjet pulse lavage is a useful adjunct in minimally invasive necrosectomy, which reduces the length of the necrosectomy procedure, and facilitates removal of necrotic tissue while minimising the risk of traumatising healthy tissue.
Symmetric stiffness matrices for isoparametric finite elements in nonlinear elasticity
Authors: Valvo Paolo S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The article illustrates a position-based finite element formulation, which greatly simplifies the statement of nonlinear elasticity problems. The formulation adopts as main unknowns the nodal positions in the current configuration instead of the nodal displacements. As a result, simple analytical expressions are obtained of the secant and tangent stiffness matrices for general isoparametric finite elements. Contrary to most formulations of the literature, the secant stiffness matrices turn out to be symmetric. Furthermore, any hyperelastic constitutive law can be easily implemented. Specialised expressions are deduced for the stiffness matrices of a two-node truss bar element and a three-node planar triangular element. The validity of the proposed approach is illustrated through the analysis of a steep von Mises truss and Cook’s membrane. For illustration, the de Saint Venant–Kirchhoff and neo-Hookean material models are considered.
Gender bias of antisocial and borderline personality disorders among psychiatrists
Authors: Özel Beren , Karakaya Ezgi , Köksal Fazilet , Altinoz Ali Ercan , Yilmaz-Karaman Imran Gokcen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) challenge mental health professionals with similar maladaptive behaviors. However, these two disorders differ regarding available evidence-based treatments. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has been criticized as being gender-biased diagnostic construct. The present study aimed to determine the gender bias of ASPD and BPD among Turkish psychiatrists.

Methods
Three case vignettes were randomly presented as male or female to the psychiatrists online. The first case was a patient with schizophrenia case to confirm the participant’s ability to diagnose. The second case was a patient with ASPD, and the third one was a patient with BPD.

Results
Two hundred fifty participants diagnosed the first case correctly (n = 250). The results with statistical significance demonstrated that a female case with ASPD was 5.1 times more likely to get misdiagnosed than a male case with ASPD (p˂0.0001).

Conclusions
Categorical classification of personality disorders in DSM leads to gender bias in in the diagnosis of ASPD and BPD. The present study shows that female cases with ASPD are misdiagnosed as BPD which may result in treatment attempts without evidence.
Ionic liquids-assisted integration of biobased materials for sustainable elaboration of nanocomposites using hydroxyethyl cellulose and interlayered clay for efficient separation of Co(II) from multi-component mixtures
Authors: Achalhi Nafea , El Ouardi Youssef , Virolainen Sami , El yousfi Ridouan , Lamsayah Morad , Butylina Svetlana , El Barkany Soufian , Repo Eveliina , El Idrissi Abderrahmane 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the development of eco-friendly biobased adsorbents through a sustainable hydrothermal and freeze-drying synthesis process, utilizing cost-effective bio-sourced materials to minimize energy consumption and waste. The biobased adsorbents were elaborated using hydroxyethyl cellulose-ionic liquids and bentonite clay. The elaborated biocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy/attenuated total reflection (FTIR/ATR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and zeta potential (ZP). Structural analysis confirms the intercalation and incorporation of HEC-ILs polymeric chains into Be-Na matrix and the formation of biocomposites. The [HEC-ILs/Be-Na] composite was subsequently employed for solid-phase extraction of Co(II) by investigating the effect of pH, initial Co(II) concentrations, time, temperature, and the presence of co-existing ions (Na(I), Li(I), Mn(II), Ni(II), and Al(III)). The adsorption kinetics of Co(II) metal ions were suitably characterized using the pseudo-second-order model (with R2 > 0.99). Furthermore, the adsorption isotherms conformed to the Langmuir model (with R2 > 0.97), suggesting a chemisorption process with an adsorption capacity of 69.8 mg/g. The thermodynamic study reveals that the adsorption process exhibits characteristics of spontaneity and endothermicity (ΔH° = 74.197 kJ mol−1, ΔG° < 0 kJ mol−1). The proposed mechanism for Co(II) adsorption on the developed biocomposite involves electrostatic interactions, ion exchange, and anion-π interactions. The biobased composite exhibited remarkable selectivity for Co(II) and demonstrated great potential as an adsorbent for industrial applications.
Graphical abstract
An Emotional-based Methodology to Detect Preferences in a Decision-making Process Applied to a Virtual Service Robot
Authors: Alvarado-González Montserrat , López Jaimes Antonio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn a multi-objective problem, no single solution optimally satisfies all objectives. Thus, the challenge is to find a balance between conflicting objectives. The decision-making necessarily requires human intervention. The person responsible for selecting the most appropriate solution among all the trade-off solutions is the decision maker (DM). The DM seeks to approach only the solutions that best suit her/his preferences. Since there is plenty of specialized literature showing that emotions play a critical role in decision-making, we aim to incorporate them into the decision-making process. To elicit emotions that can be quantifiable, we propose the Emotional Assessment Method. The method presents a simulation of the objectives to be optimized that represents the consequences of each decision. Using this methodology, the decision maker assesses the emotions evoked by each presented simulation to guide his/her search for solutions that satisfy his/her preferences. As a case study, we aim to identify subjects’ preferences towards robot behaviors. Seventy-two subjects with varying levels of familiarity with robots (divided into two datasets) participated in the experiments. We concluded that the method elicits subjects’ emotions while observing the consequences of the robot’s performance. Also, we found out that it is possible to identify subjects’ preferences based on both the context and the emotions to select the robot’s behavior.
Effective results for polynomial values of (alternating) power sums of arithmetic progressions
Authors: Bazsó András 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We prove effective finiteness results concerning polynomial values of the sums

$$\begin{aligned} b^k +\left( a+b\right) ^k + \cdots + \left( a\left( x-1\right) + b\right) ^k \end{aligned}$$

b
k

+

a
+
b

k

+
⋯
+

a

x
-
1

+
b

k

and

$$\begin{aligned} b^k - \left( a+b\right) ^k + \left( 2a+b\right) ^k - \ldots + (-1)^{x-1} \left( a\left( x-1\right) + b\right) ^k, \end{aligned}$$

b
k

-

a
+
b

k

+

2
a
+
b

k

-
…
+

(
-
1
)

x
-
1

a

x
-
1

+
b

k

,

where

$$a \ne 0,b, k$$

a
≠
0
,
b
,
k

are given integers with

$$\gcd (a,b)=1$$

gcd
(
a
,
b
)
=
1

and

$$k \ge 2$$

k
≥
2

.
Dissecting Out-of-Distribution Detection and Open-Set Recognition: A Critical Analysis of Methods and Benchmarks
Authors: Wang Hongjun , Vaze Sagar , Han Kai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Detecting test-time distribution shift has emerged as a key capability for safely deployed machine learning models, with the question being tackled under various guises in recent years. In this paper, we aim to provide a consolidated view of the two largest sub-fields within the community: out-of-distribution (OOD) detection and open-set recognition (OSR). In particular, we aim to provide rigorous empirical analysis of different methods across settings and provide actionable takeaways for practitioners and researchers. Concretely, we make the following contributions: (i) We perform rigorous cross-evaluation between state-of-the-art methods in the OOD detection and OSR settings and identify a strong correlation between the performances of methods for them; (ii) We propose a new, large-scale benchmark setting which we suggest better disentangles the problem tackled by OOD detection and OSR, re-evaluating state-of-the-art OOD detection and OSR methods in this setting; (iii) We surprisingly find that the best performing method on standard benchmarks (Outlier Exposure) struggles when tested at scale, while scoring rules which are sensitive to the deep feature magnitude consistently show promise; and (iv) We conduct empirical analysis to explain these phenomena and highlight directions for future research. Code: https://github.com/Visual-AI/Dissect-OOD-OSR