bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-Time Physical Therapist Consultation in Primary Health Care
Authors: Hendriks Erik JM , Kerssens Jan J , Dekker Joost , Nelson Roger M , Oostendorp Rob AB , van der Zee Jouke 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background and Purpose. One-time physical therapist consultation, prior to possible referral for physical therapy intervention, may enhance the quality of patient care, particularly if the referring physician is uncertain as to whether intervention by a physical therapist will be beneficial. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of consultation by a group of primary care physicians (PCPs) who could refer patients for a one-time consultation. Subjects and Methods. A 7-month observational study was conducted in the Netherlands with 59 pairs of randomly selected PCPs and physical therapists practicing in primary health care. Data were collected for the PCPs, the physical therapists, and the patients. Self-administered questionnaires (completed at the start and at the completion of the study), consultation request and report forms, and treatment referral records from health insurance agencies were used to obtain data. National reference data on patients referred by PCPs for intervention by a physical therapist were used to compare the data of patients referred by PCPs for a one-time consultation. The number and nature of consultation requests were determined as well as patient characteristics. The PCPs' satisfaction with the outcome and process of a one-time consultation and its impact on PCPs' management decisions also were described. Results. The number of referrals for a one-time consultation was 352 (X̄=5.9 per PCP, SD=5.4, range=0–20), resulting in a mean referral rate of 4.7 per 1,000 patients (SD=4.6). Characteristics of patients referred for a one-time consultation differed from national reference data of patients referred by their PCP for intervention by a physical therapist. Discussion and Conclusion. The results show that PCPs used the opportunity for a one-time physical therapist consultation and were satisfied with the outcome and process of consultation. The findings suggest that a one-time consultation is an appropriate and beneficial component of PCPs' patient management process.
A Quantitative Analysis of Research Publications in Physical Therapy Journals
Authors: Miller Patricia A , McKibbon K Ann , Haynes R Brian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Many physical therapists depend on their professional journals for high-quality evidence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rigor of research and review articles in 4 national physical therapy journals. Subjects and Methods. All articles in 6 consecutive issues of the Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, Physical Therapy, Physiotherapy, and Physiotherapy Canada, published between January 2000 and June 2001 (N=179), were reviewed. One trained reviewer identified the type and purpose of each article and assessed the rigor of treatment and review articles according to explicit criteria. Results. The majority of articles reviewed were original studies (56%). The majority of the research articles that dealt with human health care (66%) addressed topics that were not directly applicable to the provision of patient care such as measurement topics and studies on subjects without identified pathologies or impairments. Of the 179 journal articles, 19 met the standards for rigor (11%). The majority of these articles dealt with treatment. The pass rate per journal was as follows: Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, 10% (4/42); Physical Therapy, 15% (7/47); Physiotherapy, 12% (4/34); and Physiotherapy Canada, 7% (4/56). Discussion and Conclusion. Because such a small percentage of articles in these professional journals were identified as having direct application to patient care, physical therapists should attempt to access other sources of information to find additional high-quality evidence. A larger sample with a greater number of issues per journal may have yielded different results and indicated different trends, and further research appears to be warranted.
Concurrent Validity of Upper-Extremity Volume Estimates: Comparison of Calculated Volume Derived From Girth Measurements and Water Displacement Volume
Authors: Karges Joy R , Mark Beth E , Stikeleather S Jill , Worrell Teddy W 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background and Purpose. The volume of all limbs can be determined by water displacement methods or calculations derived from girth measurements. The purpose of this study was to determine the concurrent validity of calculated volume and water displacement volume measurements. Subjects. Both upper extremities of 14 women with lymphedema were measured. Methods. Volumetric measurements were taken with a volumeter, and circumferential measurements were taken with a tape measure. Calculated volume was determined by summing segment volumes derived from the truncated cone formula. Pearson product moment correlations, paired t tests, and linear regression tests were used to assess relative association and absolute differences between calculated and actual volumes. Results. The correlation coefficient for calculated volume versus upper extremity minus fingers (UE-F) water displacement volume was .99. Paired t tests showed differences between calculated volume and UE-F water displacement volume (t=−3.88, mean difference=−95.62 mL), and the linear regression slope was 0.83 with an intercept of 255.28 mL. Discussion and Conclusion. Calculated volume measurements were highly associated with measurements based on water displacement; therefore, clinicians should feel confident in using either calculated volume or water displacement volume. The differences, however, indicated that the measures were not interchangeable. Thus, clinicians should not mix or substitute measurement methods with a single patient or in a single study.
Use of Inspiratory Strength Training to Wean Six Patients Who Were Ventilator-Dependent
Authors: Sprague Samuel S , Hopkins Phillip D 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background and Purpose. Patients who are unable to wean from mechanical ventilation (MV) after resolution of critical illness or surgery risk increased morbidity and death and consume a disproportionate amount of intensive care unit resources. Decreased inspiratory muscle strength is often cited as a major factor contributing to prolonged MV. The purpose of this case report is to describe the rationale and application of inspiratory strength training (IST) as an adjunct to lengthen unassisted breathing trials and to ultimately wean patients with chronic mechanical ventilator dependency. Case Description. Six patients who had been ventilator-dependent for 18 to 221 days (mean of 72 days) after surgery and were diagnosed with “failure to wean” performed low-repetition, high-resistance breathing exercises that were coupled with increasing time off the ventilator. Outcomes. All 6 patients were weaned from the ventilator in 9 to 28 days (mean of 17 days). The patients' training pressure increased from a mean of 9.3 cm/H2O to 27.5 cm/H2O, for an increase of 195%. The volitional maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) increased from a mean of 22.5 cm/H2O to 54 cm/H2O, for a 140% gain in pressure. Discussion. Although it is not clear why the patients appeared to benefit from IST, possible explanations include: (1) addressing inspiratory muscle pump dysfunction, (2) standardization of breathing patterns, 3) routinization of the patients' unassisted breathing trials, and (4) nonspecific training effects. Future research should address these possibilities when attempting to understand the effects of IST in the weaning of patients with chronic ventilator dependency.
Fatigability and Variable-Frequency Train Stimulation of Human Skeletal Muscles
Authors: Bickel C Scott , Slade Jill M , Warren Gordon L , Dudley Gary A 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground and Purpose. The quadriceps femoris (QF) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles are often activated through the use of electrical stimulation by physical therapists. These 2 muscles are fundamentally different in regard to their fiber-type composition. Whether protocols developed using a given muscle can be applied to another muscle has seldom been questioned, even if they differ in fiber type. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that torque augmentation during variable-frequency train (VFT) stimulation as compared with constant-frequency train (CFT) stimulation in the fatigued state would not differ between these muscles, even though the TA muscle has 50% relatively more slow fibers than the QF muscle relative to each muscle's overall composition. Subjects. Ten recreationally active men with no history of lower-extremity pathology participated in the study (mean age=25 years, SD=4, range=19–31; mean height=179 cm, SD=5, range=170–188; mean body mass=80 kg, SD=15, range=63–111). Methods. The subjects' TA and QF muscles were stimulated with CFTs (six 200-microsecond square waves separated by 70 milliseconds) or VFTs (first interpulse interval=5 milliseconds) that evoked an isometric contraction. Results. After potentiation, the torque-time integral and peak torque were not different for the VFT and CFT stimulation. Rise time was longer for the TA muscle than for the QF muscle and for CFT stimulation versus VFT stimulation (both approximately 40%). After 180 CFTs (50% duty cycle), peak torque decreased 56% overall, with no differences between muscles. Enhancement of the torque-time integral (25%) by VFT stimulation was not different between fatigued QF and TA muscles. Torque augmentation was due to the VFT stimulation evoking 27% greater peak torque and less slowing of rise time than the CFT stimulation (15% versus 30%). Discussion and Conclusion. The results indicate that the QF muscle may not necessarily fatigue more than the TA muscle. The results suggest that VFTs augment the force of fatigued, human skeletal muscle irrespective of fiber type.
Hypoalgesic and Sympathoexcitatory Effects of Mobilization With Movement for Lateral Epicondylalgia
Authors: Paungmali Aatit , O'Leary Shaun , Souvlis Tina , Vicenzino Bill 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background and Purpose. Mulligan has proposed the use of mobilization with movement for lateral epicondylalgia. In this study, mobilization with movement for the elbow was examined to determine whether this intervention was capable of inducing physiological effects similar to those reported for some forms of spinal manipulation. Participants. Seven women and 17 men (mean age=48.5 years, SD=7.2) with chronic lateral epicondylalgia participated in the study. Methods. A placebo, control, repeated-measures study was conducted to evaluate whether mobilization with movement at the elbow produced concurrent hypoalgesia and sympathoexcitation. Results. The treatment demonstrated an initial hypoalgesic effect and concurrent sympathoexcitation. Improvements in pain resulted in increased pain-free grip force and pressure pain thresholds. Sympathoexcitation was indicated by changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and cutaneous sudomotor and vasomotor function. Discussion and Conclusion. This study showed that a mobilization with movement treatment technique exerted a physiological effect similar to that reported for some spinal manipulations.
Application of the HOAC II: An Episode of Care for a Patient With Low Back Pain
Authors: Riddle Daniel L , Rothstein Jules M , Echternach John L 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background and Purpose. The HOAC II is a patient management algorithm designed, in part, to provide a conceptual framework for patient management for any type of patient seen by physical therapists. This case report illustrates how the HOAC II can be used in clinical practice. Case Description. The patient was a 47-year-old woman with low back pain. The report describes the patient's examination, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, intervention, and outcomes within the context of the HOAC II. Outcome. The patient had measurable improvements in impairments, functional limitation, and disability following an intervention designed to resolve her impairments and functional limitations. Discussion. This case report illustrates how the HOAC II can be used to assist in the management of a patient from admission to discharge. The report also demonstrates how use of a disablement model can add clarity to patient care.
Effectiveness of Supervised Physical Therapy in the Early Period After Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy
Authors: Goodwin Peter C , Morrissey Matthew C , Omar Rumana Z , Brown Michael , Southall Kathleen , McAuliffe Thomas B 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Controversy exists about the effectiveness of physical therapy after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of supervised physical therapy with a home program versus a home program alone. Subjects. Eighty-four patients (86% males; overall mean age=39 years, SD=9, range=21–58; female mean age=39 years, SD=9, range=24–58; male mean age=40, SD=9, range=21–58) who underwent an uncomplicated arthroscopic partial meniscectomy participated. Methods. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a group who received 6 weeks of supervised physical therapy with a home program or a group who received only a home program. Blinded test sessions were conducted 5 and 50 days after surgery. Outcome measures were: (1) Hughston Clinic questionnaire, (2) Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and EuroQol EQ-5D (EQ-5D) questionnaires, (3) number of days to return to work after surgery divided by the Factor Occupational Rating System score, (4) kinematic analysis of knee function during level walking and stair use, and (5) horizontal and vertical hops. Results. No differences between groups were found for any of the outcomes measured. Discussion and Conclusion. The results indicate that the supervised physical therapy used in this study is not beneficial for patients in the early period after uncomplicated arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.
Relationship of Knee Extension Force to Independence in Sit-to-Stand Performance in Patients Receiving Acute Rehabilitation
Authors: Eriksrud Ola , Bohannon Richard W 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground and Purpose. The ability to rise from a chair is important for independence in everyday life. This study was conducted to determine to what extent knee extension force (KEF) could explain independence in sit-to-stand (STS) performance from a standard chair. Subjects and Methods. This was a descriptive and correlational study of patients receiving acute rehabilitation (N=107). Measurements of KEF of both lower extremities were obtained using manual muscle testing (MMT) and hand-held dynamometers (HHDs). The HHD measurements were normalized based on body weight and age- and sex-specific reference values. Measurements of the ability to stand without using the upper extremities (STS [without hands]) and to stand using the upper extremities (STS [with hands]) were correlated with the force measurements. Results. The correlations (r) of the KEF measurements with STS success ranged from .652 to .708 for STS (without hands) and from .545 to .638 for STS (with hands). Body weight added to the explanation of STS (without hands) (R=.662) and STS (with hands) (R=.584) provided by KEF measured by HHD. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed that HHD (weight normalized) was the most sensitive and specific measure for explaining independence in STS. Discussion and Conclusion. Manual and dynamometric measurements of KEF are related to independence in STS. Measurements of KEF quantified with a dynamometer and normalized against body weight provided the most valid, specific, and sensitive cutoff point for explaining STS independence.
Characteristics of Individuals Who Fell While Receiving Home Health Services
Authors: Lewis Cynthia L , Moutoux Mary , Slaughter Myra , Bailey Stephen P 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background and Purpose. Many patients receiving home health services are at risk for falling, but fall risk factors have not been previously investigated in this population. A retrospective record review was used to describe individuals who fell while being served by a home health agency. Subjects. The 98 individuals who fell while receiving home health services were compared with a random sample of 98 subjects served by the home health agency during the same period who did not report falling. Methods. Subjects were compared by age, sex, days of receiving home health services, number of falls prior to admission to the home health agency, diagnosis, medication category, home health services received, and type of health care coverage. In the group with falls, causes of falls and interventions were described. Results. The group with falls had comorbidities of neurological and cardiovascular impairment, took more medications associated with increased risk of falling, and had almost 3 times the number of falls prior to admission than the group without falls. Discussion and Conclusion. Home care providers should consider medical history, medication usage, and fall history as risk factors for falls in the home environment.
Evidence-Based Rating of Upper-Extremity Motor Function Tests Used for People Following a Stroke
Authors: Croarkin Earllaine , Danoff Jerome , Barnes Candice 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroduction. Tests of upper-extremity motor function used for people following a stroke have been described, but reliability and validity (psychometric properties) of measurements obtained with these tests have not been consistently established. This investigation was performed: (1) to review literature relative to upper-extremity motor function testing during rehabilitation following a stroke, (2) to develop selection criteria for identifying these tests in the literature, and (3) to rate the tests relative to their psychometric properties. Method. Literature searches were done using 2 databases. Reports of 4 psychometric properties were sought: interrater reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity or concurrent validity, and predictive validity. Results. Nine tests met the inclusion criteria of having psychometric properties reported in the literature. No test had evidence for all 4 psychometric properties. Only the Nine-Hole Peg Test was supported by 3 out of 4 properties. Most tests had 2 properties supported. Concurrent validity or convergent validity was most frequently described; test-retest reliability was least frequently described. Conclusions. More complete psychometric support is needed for upper-extremity motor function tests applied following a stroke. The absence of psychometric support, however, does not mean that a test has no value. Clinicians are cautioned not to generalize psychometric evidence.
Relationships Between Standing Balance and Symmetry Measurements in Patients Following Recent Strokes (≤3 Weeks) or Older Strokes (≥6 Months)
Authors: Pyöriä Outi , Era Pertti , Talvitie Ulla 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background and Purpose. The Functional Standing Balance (FSB) Scale was designed to obtain measurements of standing balance and to identify the problems typically faced by people with stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of measurements obtained with the FSB Scale for use in the acute and chronic phases of stroke by comparing the measurements obtained with the FSB Scale with those obtained for postural sway and lateral symmetry by use of a force platform. Subjects and Methods. Measurements were obtained for 26 people with recent strokes (ie, strokes within 3 weeks of data collection) and for 28 people with long-standing strokes (ie, strokes of 6 months' duration or older). The FSB Scale consists of 3 components: weight distribution, balance without movement, and balance with movement. Measurements of balance performance were compared with measurements of anteroposterior and lateral sway velocity obtained on a force platform. The weight distribution on 2 digital scales was compared with the lateral symmetry measured on the force platform. Results. The highest correlations were found between the FSB Scale balance measurements and the measurements of anteroposterior sway velocity obtained on the force platform with feet apart and eyes open. The correlations (r) were −.68 and −.67 for the group with recent strokes and −.74 and −.91 for the group with long-standing strokes. The correlations (r) between weight distribution measured on the digital scales and lateral symmetry measured on the force platform were .44 for the group with recent strokes and .52 for the group with long-standing strokes. Discussion and Conclusion. The subjects whose results on the FSB Scale were poor had higher sway velocities on the force platform than the subjects whose results on the FSB Scale were good. The results of this study suggest that the FSB Scale provides the same kind of information as that obtained for sway velocity and lateral symmetry as measured with the use of force platforms in both patients with recent strokes and patients with long-standing strokes.
Categorizing Patients With Occupational Low Back Pain by Use of the Quebec Task Force Classification System Versus Pain Pattern Classification Procedures: Discriminant and Predictive Validity
Authors: Werneke Mark W , Hart Dennis L 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background and Purpose. Quebec Task Force Classification (QTFC) and pain pattern classification (PPC) procedures, including centralization and noncentralization, are common classification procedures. Classification was done to estimate validity of data obtained with QTFC and PPC procedures for differentiating patient subgroups at intake and for use in predicting rehabilitation outcomes at discharge and work status at 1 year after discharge from rehabilitation. Subjects. Patients (n=171, 54% male; mean age=37 years, SD=10, range=18–62) with acute work-related low back pain referred for physical therapy were analyzed. Methods. Patients completed pain and psychosocial questionnaires at initial examination and discharge and pain diagrams throughout intervention. Physical therapists classified patients using QTFC and PPC data at intake. Patients were classified again at discharge by PPC (time-dependent PPC). Results. Analysis of variance of showed QTFC and PPC data could be used to differentiate patients by pain intensity or disability at intake. Analysis of covariance showed that intake PPC predicted pain intensity and disability at discharge, but QTFC did not. Logistic regression showed that PPC predicted work status at 1 year, but QTFC did not. Classifying patients over time using time-dependent PPC data reduced the false positive rate by 31% and increased percentage of change in pretest-posttest probability of return to work by 16% compared with classifying patients at intake. Discussion and Conclusion. Results support the discriminant validity of the QTFC data at intake and predictive validity of the PPC data at intake. Tracking PPC over time increases predictive validity for 1-year work status.