bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations of Electron Beam Hardening on TiAlN Coated Heat-Â„Treatable Steel
Authors: Weigel Kai , Keunecke Martin , Bewilogua Klaus , Bräuer Günter , Grumbt Gundis , Zenker Rolf , Biermann Horst 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this investigation, an electron beam hardening (EBH) procedure was applied to heat-treatable steel 51CrV4 coated with Ti(1-x)AlxN hard coatings, where x ranged from 0.3 to 0.6. The coatings with variable composition and mechanical properties were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. For electron beam surface hardening following hard coating deposition, the energy distribution within the energy transfer field caused a nearly constant hardening temperature on the treated material surface. Morphology, composition, and mechanical properties of the coatings remained mostly unchanged, whereas the coating-substrate interface and the steel surface region were highly modified. Diffusion of the near-interface coating elements into the substrate occurred, and the corresponding region of the substrate showed clear changes in morphology and composition. These changes can be correlated with substantial improvements of the coating adhesion properties. Based on temperature measurements and calculations of electron penetration depths, a plausible description of the observed effects was derived. The EBH caused a significant improvement of delamination resistance, especially for coatings with insufficient adhesion properties.
Apico-basal Polarity Determinants Encoded by crumbs Genes Affect Ciliary Shaft Protein Composition, IFT Movement Dynamics, and Cilia Length
Authors: Hazime Khodor , Malicki Jarema J 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
One of the most obvious manifestations of polarity in epithelia is the subdivision of the cell surface by cell junctions into apical and basolateral domains. crumbs genes are among key regulators of this form of polarity. Loss of crumbs function disrupts the apical cell junction belt and crumbs overexpression expands the apical membrane size. Crumbs proteins contain a single transmembrane domain and localize to cell junction area at the apical surface of epithelia. In some tissues, they are also found in cilia. To test their role in ciliogenesis, we investigated mutant phenotypes of zebrafish crumbs genes. In zebrafish, mutations of three crumbs genes, oko meduzy/crb2a, crb3a, and crb2b, affect cilia length in a subset of tissues. In oko meduzy (ome), this is accompanied by accumulation of other Crumbs proteins in the ciliary compartment. Moreover, intraflagellar transport (IFT) particle components accumulate in the ciliary shaft of ome;crb3a double mutants. Consistent with the above, Crb3 knockdown in mammalian cells affects the dynamics of IFT particle movement. These findings reveal crumbs-dependent mechanisms that regulate the localization of ciliary proteins, including Crumbs proteins themselves, and show that crumbs genes modulate intraflagellar transport and cilia elongation.
Nach Huawei/ZTE: Die kartellrechtliche Zwangslizenz im Patentverletzungsprozess
Authors: Franz Benjamin , Podszun Rupprecht 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der EuGH hat mit der Entscheidung in der Sache Huawei/ZTE die Diskussion um die kartellrechtliche Zwangslizenz nicht etwa geklärt, sondern nur in eine neue Bahn gelenkt. Die zentrale Frage bleibt, wie die Zwangslizenz im Verfahren operationabel gemacht wird. Nach einem Überblick über die Grundlagen (II) wird anhand der Neuerungen der Entscheidung des EuGH die kartellrechtliche Zwangslizenz als Verfahrensproblem betrachtet (III). Im Anschluss werden die wesentlichen inhaltlichen Problemfelder identifiziert, deren Lösung das durchzuführende Verfahren zu leisten hat (IV). Dazu werden alternative Konfliktlösungsmöglichkeiten vorgestellt (V). Ein Fazit schließt die Betrachtung ab. Die Huawei-Entscheidung ist bereits Gegenstand zahlreicher Aufsätze geworden. Der vorliegende Text soll die Diskussion erstens um eine weitere Auswertung der inzwischen ergangenen Folge-Urteile bereichern. Zweitens wird in diesem Beitrag versucht, das Problem stärker anhand von drei Grundgedanken zu analysieren, die in Teil I 3 vorgestellt werden.
Gestational Age and Outcomes in Critical Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Steurer Martina A. , Baer Rebecca J. , Keller Roberta L. , Oltman Scott , Chambers Christina D. , Norton Mary E. , Peyvandi Shabnam , Rand Larry , Rajagopal Satish , Ryckman Kelli K. , Moon-Grady Anita J. , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura L. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
It is unknown how gestational age (GA) impacts neonatal morbidities in infants with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). We aim to quantify GA-specific mortality and neonatal morbidity in infants with CCHD.

METHODS:
Cohort study using a database linking birth certificate, infant hospital discharge, readmission, and death records, including infants 22 to 42 weeks’ GA without chromosomal anomalies (2005–2012, 2 988 925 live births). The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnostic and procedure codes were used to define CCHD and neonatal morbidities (intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy, periventricular leukomalacia, chronic lung disease, necrotizing enterocolitis). Adjusted absolute risk differences (ARDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

RESULTS:
We identified 6903 out of 2 968 566 (0.23%) infants with CCHD. The incidence of CCHD was highest at 29 to 31 weeks’ GA (0.9%) and lowest at 39 to 42 weeks (0.2%). Combined neonatal morbidity or mortality in infants with and without CCHD was 82.8% and 57.9% at &lt;29 weeks and declined to 10.9% and 0.1% at 39 to 42 weeks’ GA. In infants with CCHD, being born at 34 to 36 weeks was associated with a higher risk of death or morbidity than being born at 37 to 38 weeks (adjusted ARD 9.1%, 95% CI 5.5% to 12.7%), and being born at 37 to 38 weeks was associated with a higher risk of death or morbidity than 39 to 42 weeks (adjusted ARD 3.2%, 95% CI 1.6% to 4.9%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Infants born with CCHD are at high risk of neonatal morbidity. Morbidity remains increased across all GA groups in comparison with infants born at 39 to 42 weeks. This substantial risk of neonatal morbidity is important to consider when caring for this patient population.
Ontología del acontecer. El camino de Hans-Georg Gadamer
Authors: Forero Pineda Fernando 
Published: September 2017

El artículo ingresa en la ontología del acontecer y recorre cuatro momentos. En primer lugar, distingue la visión del mundo en general, propia de la llamada “metafísica” de la visión del ser como acontecer, y busca un diálogo entre la perspectiva del ser en la metafísica y ontología de Hans-Georg Gadamer. En segundo lugar, analiza la estructura del acontecer o el modo como se despliega el movimiento del sentido, para determinar la lógica de la pregunta como estructura del acontecer. En tercer lugar, entabla un diálogo entre la idea de acontecer y la categoría de finitud, para evidenciar que, cuando se piensa en una ontología del acontecer, esta remite a la determinaciónde la finitud. Y, finalmente, plantea algunas líneas de desarrollo para profundizar en esta investigación.
KAJIAN BIOLOGI UDANG JERBUNG (Penaeus merguiensis De Man, 1888) DI PERAIRAN UTARA JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Tirtadanu Tirtadanu , Ernawati Tri 
Published: September 2017

Penangkapan berlebih dapat menyebabkan penurunan stok udang jerbung di Perairan Utara Jawa Tengah sehingga mengancam kelestariannya. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan penelitian tentang kajian biologi udang jerbung sebagai dasar pengelolaan perikanan udang di Perairan Utara Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan di tempat pendaratan udang di Cirebon dan Pemalang dari bulan April – Agustus 2015. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji aspek biologi udang jerbung melalui pengamatan frekuensi panjang, hubungan panjang berat, faktor kondisi, nisbah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, rata-rata panjang karapas udang matang gonad (Lm) dan rata-rata panjang karapas udang tertangkap (Lc). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, modus panjang karapas udang jantan dan betina sebesar 28 mm. Pertambahan panjang udang jantan dan betina, lebih cepat dari beratnya dengan tingkat kegemukan yang rendah. Nisbah kelamin seimbang pada bulan April-Mei dan tidak seimbang pada bulan Juli dan Agustus. Persentase tertinggi udang betina matang gonad yaitu pada bulan Mei sebesar 40,2 %. Nilai Lc sebesar 29,4 mmCL lebih rendah dari Lm sebesar 42,85 mmCL yang berarti rata-rata udang yang tertangkap merupakan udang yang belum matang gonad. Biological information of banana prawn as crucial for managing shrimp fishery in the northern waters of Central Java. The research aims to biological aspects of banana prawn. The study was conducted in landing site of prawn in Cirebon and Pemalang on April-August 2015. Length frequency, length weight relationship, Condition Factor, sex ratio, gonadal maturity, length at first capture (Lc) and length at first mature at gonad maturity (Lm) were determined. The results showed that the mode of carapace length was 28 mm. The growth of length (both male and female) were faster than the weight. The sex ratio was equal on April-Mei and unequal on July and August. The highest percentage of mature female was on May (40.2%) which indicates as spawning season. The length at first capture was 29.4 mmCL which was lower than length at first mature (42.85 mmCL). That finding implied that the average size of prawn being captured was immature prawns.
Love on the Final Slopes of Life: Fedor Ivanovich Tiutchev and “The Denis’eva Cycle”
Authors: Helle Lillian Jorunn 
Published: September 2017

Old age represents a serious contemporary social issue. With the greater incidence of longevity also literary approaches to ageing have emerged, and “Ageing and literature” is now established among literary scholars as a critical perspective in its own right, with a perspective usually marked by an interdisciplinary stance.What insights can literature offer when it comes to old age that other kinds of knowledge cannot? As my article aims to show, literature is and remains (inter alia) highly relevant as a unique access to individual ageing, enabling us to grasp the ambivalences and intricacies connected to growing old more distinctly then quantitative, statistical sociological studies and medical reports can do. And most notably, literature can investigate the domain of ageing senses and sensations and widen our understanding of how elderly people experience sensual attractions, love and desire.To concretize these assumptions, I will focus on the so called “Denisieva cycle”, by Feodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, one of the greatest poets in the classical Russian tradition. The cycle has an autobiographical context: it retells in lyrical verse how the married Tyutchev, at 50, an advanced age at that time, fell in love with Elena Aleksandrovna Denisieva, a noblewoman of 22 and a school-friend of his daughters. While not divorcing, the poet kept up an illicit relationship with Denisieva for 15 years and she bore him three children. The affair ended in utmost tragedy, when Denisieva, ostracized by both family and former friends, died in 1865, followed closely by the death of two of their children. These events brought the elderly lover into a spiral of endless despair, but also resulted in a sublime body of poems which constitutes a remarkably testimony of the senescent subject in love, questioning, as I will demonstrate, a number of prevalent stereotypes about passions in the winter of a man’s life. Moreover, the manner in which Tyutchev in these poems builds his final love into an utterly moving narrative, making bearable through its sheer literary and poetical magnetism the real sufferings it is based on, reminds us in a meaningful way of the words once uttered by Karen Blixen: “All sorrows can be borne if you put them into a story”.
A simulated metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiota of Anorexia Nervosa patients using PICRUSt
Authors: Kanji Farhaan , Khurana Himanshi , Sherry Caitlin , Ng Evangeline 
Published: September 2017

Introduction Mack et al. (2016) studied the fecal bacteria and archaea of 55 European normal-weight participants (NW), 55 European patients with anorexia nervosa (ANT1), and 44 ANT1 patients following a body mass index increase (ANT2). Spreadsheets of identified microbes and their relative abundance per patient were uploaded to the EBI Metagenomics web server by Mack et al. We aimed to further study the functions of the identified microbes using the PICUSt algorithm (Langille, 2013) and see if these functions are consistent with published literature. Methods Spreadsheets were downloaded from EBI Metagenomics (Project# ERP012549) in JSON Biom format and uploaded to a Galaxy cloud server hosting PICRUSt. All data transformations can be viewed at http://huttenhower.sph.harvard.edu/galaxy/u/farhaansgroup/h/anorexi-astem-2017 . Transformed datasets were downloaded, appended with a .biom file extension, converted to the SPF format using STAMP v2.1.3 (Parks, 2014), and merged into a single file using Microsoft Excel for analysis with STAMP. Differences in propionate metabolism between ANT1, ANT2, and NW samples was chosen for further study. Results & Discussion The proportion of propionate metabolism genes was not significantly different between ANT1 and NW samples (p=0.08), but was different between ANT2 and NW samples (p=0.01) using a pair-wise Welsh’s t-test (0.95 CI) with a Storey FDR multiple test correction. In comparison, Mack et al, detected no differences in propionate concentration between AN and NW fecal samples using gas chromatography while Morito et al (2015) found lower concentrations of propionate in Japanese AN versus NW fecal samples using liquid chromatography. Our discrepancy with Mack et al could have arisen since PICRUSt cannot analyze the genes of eukaryotes, PICRUSt is limited by the depth and breadth of the gene annotations in the KEGG database, and our experimental setup cannot provide data on gene expression. Moreover, 18% of V4 16S rRNA DNA sequences could not be matched to any bacteria or archaea by EBI Metagenomics. In conclusion, while in silico experiments can be useful to predict microbial functions in a sample, in this case, our PICRUSt-based hypothesis that fecal samples from Mack et al would have different concentrations of propionate between AN and NW samples was not borne out by Mack et al’s chromatography experiments. Nonetheless, the conflicting findings between us, Mack et al, and Morito et al warrants further research on whether microbes mediate carbohydrate metabolism differently in patients with a history of anorexia nervosa versus controls.
Influence of Silicate and Calcium Ions to Transport of Phosphate Ion through Polymeric Inclusion Membrane (PIM)
Authors: Rumhayati Barlah , Fardiyah Qonitah , Musyarofi Himayatul 
Published: September 2017

<p>Measurement of phosphate ions by molybdenum blue method is influenced by the presence of interfering ions, such as silicate and calcium ions. To obtain an accurate measurement, interference ions should be separated from the phosphate ion. Separation could be carried out with extractions using PIM method. The effectiveness of separation based on PIM method depends to the transport efficiency of targeted ion from feed phase to stripping phase. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of silicate and calcium ions to phosphate ion transport through PIM. PIM was prepared by mixing PVC as polymer, 1,10-dekanadiol as a plasticizer, and Aliquat 336-Cl as extractant in the solvent THF. Extraction was performed by using a diffusion cell, The cell was consisted by two containers, <em>i.e </em> feed phase container and stripping phase container which was separated by PIM. Feed phase was a mixture of phosphate 100 mg / L and SiO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> at 5; 10; 15; 20 and 25 mg/L for studying the effect of silicate ion. Investigation of calcium ion effect was conducted by using a mixture of phosphate solution of 100 mg / L and Ca<sup>2+</sup> of 1.13x10<sup>-4</sup>; 2.26x10<sup>-4</sup> and 4.52x10<sup>-4</sup> mg/L in the feed phase. The stripping phase was the solution of NaCl 0.1 M. Both containers were stirred for 3 hours at 180 rpm. The solution in the both containers was taken for 1 mL every 30 minutes. Phosphate ion was measured by visible spectrophotometry at 690 nm with molybdenum blue method. Silicate ion was determined by visible spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 410 nm with molybdenum blue method. Calcium ion was determined by AAS. The results showed that the higher concentration of calcium ions, the lower the phosphate ion transport efficiency. Only 34.46% of phosphate ions transported in the presence of calcium ions up to 4,52x10<sup>-4</sup> mg/L. Meanwhile, PIM was more selective to silicate ion than ion phosphate at the silicate ion concentration up to 15 mg/L. At higher concentration of silicate ions, PIM was more selective to phosphate ion.</p>
High-rate nitrification of electronic industry wastewater by using nitrifying granules
Authors: Hasebe Yoshiaki , Meguro Hiroaki , Kanai Yuuki , Eguchi Masahiro , Osaka Toshifumi , Tsuneda Satoshi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Nitrifying granules have a high sedimentation property and an ability to maintain a large amount of nitrifying bacteria in a reaction tank. Our group has examined the formation process of nitrifying granules and achieved high-rate nitrification for an inorganic synthetic wastewater using these granules. In this research, a pilot-scale test plant with an 850-liter reaction tank was assembled in a semiconductor manufacturing factory in order to conduct a continuous water conduction test using real electronics industry wastewater. The aim was to observe the formation of nitrifying granules and determine the maximum ammonia removal rate. The average granule diameter formed during the experiment was 780 μm and the maximum ammonia removal rate was observed to be 1.5 kgN·m−3·day−1 at 20 °C, which is 2.5–5 times faster than traditional activated sludge methods. A fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that β-proteobacterial ammonia oxidizing bacteria and the Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria dominate the bacteria population in the granules, and their strong aggregation capacity might confer some benefits to the formation of these nitrifying granules.
Can rapid maxillary expansion cause auditory improvement in children and adolescents with hearing loss? A systematic review
Authors: Fagundes Nathalia Carolina Fernandes , Rabello Nicole Melres , Maia Lucianne Cople , Normando David , Mello Karina Corrêa Flexa Ribeiro 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate whether the use of palatal expansion techniques can influence hearing loss in children and adolescents with previous hearing impairment.

Materials and Methods:
Electronic searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Lilacs, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar were performed with a controlled vocabulary and free-text terms relating to palatal expansion and hearing loss. No language or time restrictions were imposed. Clinical trials that focused on human patients treated with rapid or semirapid maxillary expansion in children and teenagers with hearing loss were included. Data extraction was undertaken by two authors, with conflict resolution by a third author. Risk of bias assessment and data extraction were performed on the selected studies.

Results:
Seventy-four citations were retrieved by the search. Initially, 12 studies were selected according to the eligibility criteria, but three studies were excluded because of the presence of adults, absence of hearing level evaluation, and oversampling, resulting in nine studies. The mean improvement in hearing levels varied from 2 to 19 dB among the studies. The risk of bias varied from low to moderate risk.

Conclusions:
The evidence indicated that there was a hearing improvement after maxillary expansion in patients with hearing loss in the evaluated studies, although more controlled and randomized studies are necessary to investigate this issue further.
Treatment outcomes of Class II malocclusion cases treated with miniscrew-anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Eissa Osama , El-Shennawy Mahmoud , Gaballah Safaa , El-Meehy Ghada , El Bialy Tarek 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) used with miniscrew anchorage and compare them with those of the conventional Forsus FRD.

Materials and Methods:
This study was carried out on 38 patients. These patients were randomly allocated into three groups. The 14 patients in group 1 (aged 12.76 ± 1.0 years) were treated with the FRD appliance. In group 2, the 15 patients (aged 12.52 ± 1.12 years) received treatment with FRD using miniscrew anchorage, and the 9 patients in group 3 (aged 12.82 ± 0.9 years) received no treatment as a control group. Linear and angular measurements were made on lateral cephalograms before and immediately after Forsus treatment. Data were analyzed statistically using paired t-, ANOVA, and Tukey tests.

Results:
Class I molar relationship and overjet correction were achieved in both treatment groups. Although mandibular growth was statistically nonsignificant, there was a significant headgear effect on the maxilla. Mandibular incisor proclination, maxillary incisor retroclination, and distalization of maxillary molars were significant in both treatment groups. However, no significant differences were found between the treatment groups.

Conclusions:
Class II correction was mainly dentoalveolar in both treatment groups. Use of miniscrews with Forsus did not enhance mandibular forward growth nor prevent labial tipping of the mandibular incisors.
Cut Points for Identifying Clinically Significant Diabetes Distress in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Using the PAID-T: Results From Diabetes MILES Youth–Australia
Authors: Hagger Virginia , Hendrieckx Christel , Cameron Fergus , Pouwer Frans , Skinner Timothy C. , Speight Jane 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE
To establish cut point(s) for the Problem Areas in Diabetes–teen version (PAID-T) scale to identify adolescents with clinically meaningful, elevated diabetes distress.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data were available from the Diabetes Management and Impact for Long-term Empowerment and Success (MILES) Youth–Australia Study, a national survey assessing various psychosocial indicators among self-selected National Diabetes Services Scheme registrants. Participants in the current study (n = 537) were (mean ± SD) 16 ± 2 years old, had type 1 diabetes for 6 ± 4 years, and 62% (n = 334) were girls. They completed measures of diabetes distress (PAID-T) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents) and self-reported their most recent HbA1c and frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Relationships between the PAID-T and the psychological and clinical variables were examined to identify a clinically meaningful threshold for elevated diabetes distress. ANOVA was used to test whether these variables differed by levels of distress.

RESULTS
Two cut points distinguished none-to-mild (&lt;70), moderate (70–90), and high (&gt;90) diabetes distress. Moderate distress was experienced by 18% of adolescents and high distress by 36%. Mean depressive symptoms, self-reported HbA1c, and SMBG differed significantly across the three levels of diabetes distress (all P &lt; 0.001), with moderate-to-large effect sizes.

CONCLUSIONS
Using the PAID-T, this study defined two clinically meaningful cut points to distinguish none-to-mild, moderate, and high diabetes distress in adolescents (aged 13–19). Based on these cut points, most respondents experienced at least moderate diabetes distress, which was clinically significant. Establishing thresholds for elevated diabetes distress will aid clinicians and researchers to interpret PAID-T scores, prompt discussion and intervention for those with unmet needs, and enable the effectiveness of interventions to be evaluated.