bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation Hydrodynamical Turbulence in Protoplanetary Disks: Numerical Models and Observational Constraints
Authors: Flock Mario , Nelson Richard P. , Turner Neal J. , Bertrang Gesa H.-M. , Carrasco-González Carlos , Henning Thomas , Lyra Wladimir , Teague Richard 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Planets are born in protostellar disks, which are now observed with enough resolution to address questions about internal gas flows. Magnetic forces are possibly drivers of the flows, but ionization state estimates suggest that much of the gas mass decouples from magnetic fields. Thus, hydrodynamical instabilities could play a major role. We investigate disk dynamics under conditions typical for a T Tauri system, using global 3D radiation-hydrodynamics simulations with embedded particles and a resolution of 70 cells per scale height. Stellar irradiation heating is included with realistic dust opacities. The disk starts in joint radiative balance and hydrostatic equilibrium. The vertical shear instability (VSI) develops into turbulence that persists up to at least 1600 inner orbits (143 outer orbits). Turbulent speeds are a few percent of the local sound speed at the midplane, increasing to 20%, or 100 m s−1, in the corona. These are consistent with recent upper limits on turbulent speeds from optically thin and thick molecular line observations of TW Hya and HD 163296. The predominantly vertical motions induced by the VSI efficiently lift particles upward. Grains 0.1 and 1 mm in size achieve scale heights greater than expected in isotropic turbulence. We conclude that while kinematic constraints from molecular line emission do not directly discriminate between magnetic and nonmagnetic disk models, the small dust scale heights measured in HL Tau and HD 163296 favor turbulent magnetic models, which reach lower ratios of the vertical kinetic energy density to the accretion stress.
3D Polarized Imaging of Coronal Mass Ejections: Chirality of a CME
Authors: DeForest C. E. , de Koning C. A. , Elliott H. A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We report on a direct polarimetric determination of the chirality of a coronal mass ejection (CME), using the physics of Thomson scattering applied to synoptic polarized images from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatories/COR2 coronagraph. We confirmed the determination using in situ magnetic field measurements of the same CME with the ACE spacecraft. CME chirality is related to the helicity ejected from the solar corona along with the mass and field entrained in the CME. It is also important to prediction of the space-weather-relevant Z component of the CME magnetic field. Hence, remote measurement of CME chirality is an important step toward both understanding CME physics and predicting geoeffectiveness of individual CMEs. The polarimetric properties of Thomson scattering are well known and can, in principle, be used to measure the 3D structure of imaged objects in the solar corona and inner heliosphere. However, reduction of that principle to practice has been limited by the twin difficulties of background subtraction and the signal-to-noise ratio in coronagraph data. Useful measurements of the 3D structure require relative photometry at a few percent precision level in each linear polarization component of the K corona. This corresponds to a relative photometric precision of order 10−4 in direct images of the sky before subtraction of the F corona and related signal. Our measurement was enabled by recent developments in signal processing, which enable a better separation of the photometric signal from noise in the synoptic COR2 data. We discuss the relevance of this demonstration measurement to future instrument requirements, and to the future measurements of 3D structures in CMEs and other solar wind features.
Low-mass Pre-He White Dwarf Stars in Kepler Eclipsing Binaries with Multi-periodic Pulsations
Authors: Zhang X. B. , Fu J. N. , Liu N. , Luo C. Q. , Ren A. B. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We report the discovery of two thermally bloated low-mass pre-He white dwarfs (WDs) in two eclipsing binaries, KIC 10989032 and KIC 8087799. Based on the Kepler long-cadence photometry, we determined comprehensive photometric solutions of the two binary systems. The light curve analysis reveals that KIC 10989032 is a partially eclipsed detached binary system containing a probable low-mass WD with the temperature of about 10,300 K. Having a WD with the temperature of about 13,300, KKIC 8087799 is typical of an EL CVn system. By utilizing radial velocity measurements available for the A-type primary star of KIC 10989032, the mass and radius of the WD component are determined to be

and

, respectively. The values of mass and radius of the WD in KIC 8087799 are estimated as 0.16 ± 0.02 M
⊙ and 0.21 ± 0.01 R
⊙, respectively, according to the effective temperature and mean density of the A-type star derived from the photometric solution. We therefore introduce KIC 10989032 and KIC 8087799 as the eleventh and twelfth dA+WD eclipsing binaries in the Kepler field. Moreover, both binaries display marked multi-periodic pulsations superimposed on binary effects. A preliminary frequency analysis is applied to the light residuals when subtracting the synthetic eclipsing light curves from the observations, revealing that the light pulsations of the two systems are both due to the δ Sct-type primaries. We hence classify KIC 10989032 and KIC 8087799 as two WD+δ Sct binaries.
Plasma Beta Stratification in the Solar Atmosphere: A Possible Explanation for the Penumbra Formation
Authors: Bourdin Ph.-A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Plasma beta is an important and fundamental physical quantity in order to understand plasma dynamics, particularly in the context of magnetically active stars, because it tells about the domination of magnetic versus thermodynamic processes on the plasma motion. We estimate the value ranges of plasma beta in different regions within the solar atmosphere and we describe a possible mechanism that helps forming a penumbra. For that we evaluate data from a 3D magnetohydrodynamic model of the solar corona above a magnetically active region. We compare our results with previously established data that is based on magnetic field extrapolations and that was matched for some observations. Our model data suggest that plasma beta in the photosphere should be considered to be larger than unity outside of sunspots. However, in the corona we also find that the beta value range reaches lower than previously thought, which coincides with a recent observation. We present an idea based on a gravity-driven process in a high-beta regime that might be responsible for the formation of the penumbra around sunspot umbra, where the vertical field strength reaches a given threshold. This process would also explain counter-Evershed flows. Regarding the thermal and magnetic pressure within the mixed-polarity solar atmosphere, including non-vertical magnetic field and quiet regions, plasma beta may reach unity at practically any height from the photosphere to the outer corona.
Photoionization Modeling of Titan’s Dayside Ionosphere
Authors: Shebanits O. , Vigren E. , Wahlund J.-E. , Edberg N. J. T. , Cui J. , Mandt K. E. , Waite J. H. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Previous modeling studies of Titan’s dayside ionosphere predict electron number densities that are roughly a factor of 2 higher than those observed by the RPWS/Langmuir probe. The issue can equivalently be described as the ratio between the calculated electron production rates and the square of the observed electron number densities resulting in roughly a factor of 4 higher effective recombination coefficient than expected from the ion composition and the electron temperature. Here we make an extended reassessment of Titan’s dayside ionization balance, focusing on 34 flybys between TA and T120. Using a recalibrated data set and by taking the presence of negative ions into account, we arrive at lower effective recombination coefficients compared with earlier studies. The values are still higher than expected from the ion composition and the electron temperature, but by a factor of ∼2–3 instead of a factor of ∼4. We have also investigated whether the derived effective recombination coefficients display dependencies on the solar zenith angle (SZA), the integrated solar EUV intensity (

nm), and the corotational plasma ram direction (RAM), and found statistically significant trends, which may be explained by a declining photoionization against the background ionization by magnetospheric particles (trends in SZA and RAM) and altered photochemistry (trend in EUV). We find that a series of flybys that occurred during solar minimum (2008) and with similar flyby geometries are associated with enhanced values of the effective recombination coefficient compared with the remaining data set, which also suggests a chemistry dependence on the sunlight conditions.
Knowledge Level and Educational Needs of Turkish Oncology Nurses Regarding the Genetics of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Seven Memnun , Pasalak S. Inciser , Guvenc Gulten , Kok Gulsah 
Published: November 2017

Background:
This study evaluated Turkish oncology nurses' knowledge and educational needs regarding genetics of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers.

Method:
An online survey was used to collect data from 104 Turkish oncology nurses.

Results:
The mean level of knowledge in oncology genetics was 6.74 ± 3.85. The majority of nurses (78.7%) were aware of the fact that family history of ovarian or breast cancer is an important risk factor for ovarian or breast cancer; however, a much smaller percentage (25.5%) understood that BRCA1 mutations in women can be transferred by the father. The majority of the nurses (59.6%) were willing to take continuing education in cancer genetics.

Conclusion:
Turkish oncology nurses have a moderate level of knowledge in cancer genetics. Therefore, educators should develop targeted educational activities in genetics as a part of continuing education programs to enhance nursing practice in cancer care.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2017;48(12):570–576.
Social Media: A New Way of Public and Political Communication in Digital Media
Authors: Coelho Patricia M. F. , Correia Pedro Pereira , Medina Irene Garcia 
Published: November 2017

Today, social media are the new way of public and political communication in digital marketing. Companies or organizations are no longer the exclusive owners of the relation of consumers with their products/services; instead, the survival of the organizations depends of the effective utilization of the social media. New web technologies have made it easy for anyone to create and distribute their own content. A tweet can be viewed by virtually millions of people for free, and advertisers don’t have to pay publishers huge sums of money to embed their messages. More consumers are on social media than ever before, and every second a company is not engaged is a wasted opportunity [1]. Consumers trust other people to provide recommendations about products and services in a very active way and it is important to know how and why social media influence organizations. This study analyzes through a literature review the importance of public and political communication through social media and proposes a model of business for successful marketing strategies.
Investigating the Perception of Students Regarding M-Learning Concept in Egyptian Schools
Authors: Adel Ali Reham , Rafie Mohd Arshad Muhammad 
Published: November 2017

The Egyptian school education systems is currently in a miserable state and facing some problems. To overcome the problems, there is a suggestion towards the development and implementation of mobile learning (m-Learning) as a new learning tool in the education system. The aim of this paper is to investigate the Egyptian students’ perception towards m-learning as a new learning tool and its benefits through a survey of 120 students from a public preparatory school in Egypt. Data was gathered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 23. The results demonstrated a positive attitude from the participants towards the benefits of M-learning. The majority of students showed their concerns about technical issues of m-learning such as the small screen and limited storage. The results also revealed the positive attitude towards the value of M-learning, especially for those who use E-learning resources. A large proportion of participants use their devices for different activities such as messages, Internet browsing and games rather than learning. This has point the need for more investigation to determine the factors that may affect the students' intention to use their devices in learning.
Downregulation of NFAT3 Due to Lack of T-Box Transcription Factor TBX5 Is Crucial for Cytokine Expression in T Cells
Authors: Kaminuma Osamu , Kitamura Noriko , Nishito Yasumasa , Nemoto Soichi , Tatsumi Hideki , Mori Akio , Hiroi Takachika 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The NFAT family transcription factors play crucial roles in immunological and other biological activities. NFAT3 is rarely expressed in T cells, and the mechanisms and significance of the specific NFAT3 downregulation in T cells have been unknown. In human CD4+ T cells, overexpression of NFAT1 and NFAT3 enhanced and suppressed IL-2 expression, respectively. NFAT3 downregulation in Jurkat cells using RNA interference technology augmented IL-2 expression, whereas a knockdown of NFAT1, NFAT2, and NFAT4 suppressed it. The promoter/enhancer activity of the NFAT-binding site in the IL-2 gene was upregulated and downregulated by NFAT1 and NFAT3, respectively. A study employing NFAT1/NFAT3 chimeric molecules revealed that the region in NFAT3 responsible for NFAT promoter activity inhibition was located within its N-terminal transactivation domain, Ca2+-regulatory domain, and DNA-binding domain. Downregulation of NFAT3 expression in T cells is mediated by lower chromatin accessibility and enhancer activity in its promoter in comparison with aortic smooth muscle cells expressing endogenous NFAT3. The binding sites of T-box transcription factor TBX5 and NK-2 transcription factor–related locus 5 Nkx2.5, which were expressed at higher levels in aortic smooth muscle cells than in T cells, were located within the −387 to +97 NFAT3 promoter region, exhibiting the maximum enhancer activity. Mutating the binding site of TBX5 but not Nkx2.5 diminished the NFAT3 promoter activity, whereas the overexpression of TBX5 enhanced it. Introduction of TBX5 into CD4+ T cells enhanced the expression of NFAT3 and suppressed that of IL-2. TBX5 deficiency-mediated downregulation of NFAT3 is crucial for the high cytokine-producing activity of T cells.
Identity and Diversity of Human Peripheral Th and T Regulatory Cells Defined by Single-Cell Mass Cytometry
Authors: Kunicki Matthew A. , Amaya Hernandez Laura C. , Davis Kara L. , Bacchetta Rosa , Roncarolo Maria-Grazia 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Human CD3+CD4+ Th cells, FOXP3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells, and T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells are essential for ensuring peripheral immune response and tolerance, but the diversity of Th, Treg, and Tr1 cell subsets has not been fully characterized. Independent functional characterization of human Th1, Th2, Th17, T follicular helper (Tfh), Treg, and Tr1 cells has helped to define unique surface molecules, transcription factors, and signaling profiles for each subset. However, the adequacy of these markers to recapitulate the whole CD3+CD4+ T cell compartment remains questionable. In this study, we examined CD3+CD4+ T cell populations by single-cell mass cytometry. We characterize the CD3+CD4+ Th, Treg, and Tr1 cell populations simultaneously across 23 memory T cell–associated surface and intracellular molecules. High-dimensional analysis identified several new subsets, in addition to the already defined CD3+CD4+ Th, Treg, and Tr1 cell populations, for a total of 11 Th cell, 4 Treg, and 1 Tr1 cell subsets. Some of these subsets share markers previously thought to be selective for Treg, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tfh cells, including CD194 (CCR4)+FOXP3+ Treg and CD183 (CXCR3)+T-bet+ Th17 cell subsets. Unsupervised clustering displayed a phenotypic organization of CD3+CD4+ T cells that confirmed their diversity but showed interrelation between the different subsets, including similarity between Th1–Th2–Tfh cell populations and Th17 cells, as well as similarity of Th2 cells with Treg cells. In conclusion, the use of single-cell mass cytometry provides a systems-level characterization of CD3+CD4+ T cells in healthy human blood, which represents an important baseline reference to investigate abnormalities of different subsets in immune-mediated pathologies.
Doubled Khovanov Homology
Authors: Rushworth William 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe define a homology theory of virtual links built out of the direct sum of the standard Khovanov complex with itself, motivating the name doubled Khovanov homology. We demonstrate that it can be used to show that some virtual links are non-classical, and that it yields a condition on a virtual knot being the connect sum of two unknots. Further, we show that doubled Khovanov homology possesses a perturbation analogous to that defined by Lee in the classical case, and we define a doubled Rasmussen invariant. This invariant is used to obtain various cobordism obstructions; in particular, it is an obstruction to sliceness. Finally, we show that the doubled Rasmussen invariant contains the odd writhe of a virtual knot and use this to show that knots with non-zero odd writhe are not slice.
High Cut-off Membranes in Acute Kidney Injury and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Ricci Zaccaria , Romagnoli Stefano , Ronco Claudio 
Published: November 2017

Innovation in continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) utilized to treat acute kidney injury (AKI) and sepsis, has brought new machines and techniques. Part of these new advances are due to the availability of innovative biomaterials and the construction of membranes with larger pores and wide distribution of pore sizes. This includes the creation of a new generation of high cut-off membranes whose utilization in clinical practice is promising for the wide spectrum of solutes that are removed during extracorporeal therapies. However, the enlargement of pore diameters brings some loss of albumin during treatment and this effect is still under evaluation, since there is a possibility that this is detrimental for the patient. A thorough review of the available clinical literature is reported in this paper with a reappraisal of the potential application of these new technologies.
Echo of Poesy in South Africa’s Politics: Form and Resistance in Dennis Brutus’ “Simple Lust” and “Letters to Martha”
Authors: Kalu Obasi Kalu, 
Published: November 2017

Apartheid in South Africa began in 1948 AD with the introduction of separatist rule that introduced draconian principles in government. This made formation of associations impossible. There was no free movement of the Blacks. Pass laws were imposed to prevent the Blacks from free movement. This approach brought protest among reasonable people of the World. Within the literary circle, protest literature ensued and emerged to join forces with organizations to clamp down on the draconian system operatives in South Africa. From the 1950s through the 60s and 80s witnessed a plethora of protest literature against the system of government in South Africa. This paper entitled “Echo of Poesy in South Africa Politics: Form and Resistance in Dennis Brutus’ Letters to Martha and A Simple Lust examined South Africa’s protest literature with particular reference to Dennis Brutus’s poetry of resistance showing the various circumstances which Dennis Brutus offers his poetry of resistance.
Inguinal Herniation of Perinephric Tissue: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Morgan Tara Nikonow , Bandari Jathin , Hale Nathan , Davies Benjamin 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Inguinal hernias containing a kidney or perinephric tissue are extremely rare and usually related to cases involving a kidney positioned in the pelvis. We report the case of a 79-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain and scrotal swelling. He was found on imaging to have an inferiorly displaced kidney with an inguinal herniation of Gerota fascia, as well as an obstructing ureteral stone with an associated forniceal rupture. The unusual renal anatomy, as well as the management of a forniceal rupture, is discussed.
Impacts of diarrhea on the immune system, intestinal environment, and expression of PGRPs in New Zealand rabbits
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhao Bohao , Wu Yuwei , Hu Shuaishuai , Mu Lin , Zhu Cigen , Pan Yulai , Wu Xinsheng 
Published: November 2017

Diarrhea is a syndrome of digestive disorders in young rabbits and may lead to secondary infections resulting in reduced immunity and higher mortality in baby rabbits, with serious impacts on rabbit farming. In this study, we investigated the effects of diarrhea on the health of baby rabbits in terms of intestinal mucosal development, immune function, and intestinal microbial diversity. We found that the duodenal villus length and the villus/crypt ratio in rabbits with diarrhea were significantly reduced compared with those in healthy rabbits (P < 0.01). Rabbits with diarrhea had significantly lower concentrations of acetic acid (P < 0.05), higher pH levels (P < 0.05), and higher levels of ammonia nitrogen (P < 0.01) in the cecum. Moreover, diarrhea in baby rabbits led to significantly reduced levels of total serum protein (P < 0.05) and markedly increased levels of alkaline phosphatase, urea nitrogen, TNF-α, and IL-6 (P < 0.05). Transcriptional analysis of peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs, includingPGLYRP-1,PGLYRP-2, andPGLYRP-3) using real-time PCR revealed that diarrhea induced the upregulation of PGRPs in the cecum and duodenum. Furthermore, through pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region in cecum samples, we found that the total number and diversity of microbes were not significantly different between healthy rabbits and those with diarrhea, though there were noticeable differences in the prevalences ofClostridium,Roseburia,andAlistipes. Our results will contribute to a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms of diarrhea in young rabbits.