bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyber Defense as a part of Hazard Mitigation: Comparing High Hazard Potential Dam Safety Programs in the United States and Sweden
Authors: Burk Rosemary A. , Kallberg Jan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Cyber security tends to only address the technical aspects of the information systems. The lack of considerations for environmental long-range implications of failed cyber security planning and measures, especially in the protection of critical infrastructure and industrial control systems, have created ecological risks that are to a high degree unaddressed. This study compares dam safety arrangements in the United States and Sweden. Dam safety in the United States is highly regulated in many states, but inconsistent over the nation. In Sweden dam safety is managed by self-regulation. The study investigates the weaknesses and strengths in these regulatory and institutional arrangements from a cyber security perspective. If ecological and environmental concerns were a part of the risk evaluation and risk mitigation processes for cyber security, the hazard could be limited. Successful environmentally-linked cyber defense mitigates the risk for significant damage to domestic freshwater, aquatic and adjacent terrestrial ecosystems, and protects ecosystem function.
Seed germination and emergence of Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud. in response to environmental factors
Authors: Hertwig Bittencourt Henrique von , Silva Bonome Lisandro Tomas da , Bortoli Pagnoncelli Fortunato de , Lana Marcos Alberto , Trezzi Michelangelo Muzell 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEragrostis tenuifolia is a weed species that is gaining ground in Brazil. This weed occurs in pastures, grasslands, crop fields, and roadsides. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of different environmental factors on E. tenuifolia seed germination and seedling emergence. The optimum constant temperature for germination was around 35-30°C. It was also found that 85% of seeds germinated under a 30/20°C alternate temperature regime. Light appears to have a positive effect on seed germination. No seedlings emerged when seeds were buried 3 cm or deeper. The results suggested that E. tenuifolia has the potential to spread into pastures and in no-tillage crop systems in Brazil. Measures such as the use of cover crops and/or soil cultivation can be used to limit germination and seedling emergence, respectively.
Resistance of canola cultivars affect life table parameters of Nysius cymoides (Spinola) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)
Authors: Mollashahi Mehdi , Sahragard Ahad , Mohaghegh-Neyshabouri Jafar , Hosseini Reza , Sabouri Hossein 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA life table can be used as an important and appropriate tool to evaluate the susceptibility or resistance level of different host plant cultivars to insect pests. In the current study, we determined the suitability or inferiority of five different canola cultivars (Hayula420, Hayula401, Hayula50, Hayula60, RGS) to Nysius cymoides, under laboratory conditions. Data were analysed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. Nysius cymoides which fed on Hayula420 had the longest nymphal period, while those which fed on Hayula50 had the shortest nymphal period. Developmental times (sum of incubation and nymphal periods) was longest for those which fe d on Hayula420 and the shortest for those which fed on Hayula50. The adult pre-oviposition period (APOP), total pre-oviposition period (TPOP), mean fecundity, and adult longevity of adults reared on different canola cultivars showed significant differences. The highest and lowest net reproductive rates (R0) were obtained for those which fed on Hayula420 (11.40 offspring per individual) and Hayula401 (5.47 offspring per individual), respectively. The highest value (0.0395 d-1) for the intrinsic rate of increase (r) was obtained for those which fed on Hayula 60 cultivar and the lowest value (0.0261 d-1) for those which fed on Hayula401 cultivar. The shortest and longest mean generation times (T) were obtained for those which fed on RGS and H401 cultivars, respectively. The lowest and highest values of life expectancy (exj) were obtained for those which fed on RGS and Hayula420 cultivars, respectively. The results showed that Hayula401 and RGS were not susceptible cultivars to N. cymoides. These cultivars showed higher resistance to N. cymoides, while Hayula60, Hayula420, and Hayula50 were found to be suitable cultivars but with lower resistance to N. cymoides, respectively.
The Twofold Morality of Recht: Once More Unto the Breach
Authors: Guyer Paul 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:Authors such as Allen Wood and Marcus Willaschek continue to argue that Kant’s doctrine of right is “independent” of or “freestanding” from his moral theory, as Thomas Pogge earlier put it. I argue that some of the recent arguments in behalf of this position repeat mistakes made by Johann Gottlieb Fichte before Kant had even published his own doctrine of right, and depend upon confusing his account of moral obligation with his account of morally estimable motivation. In particular, I argue that on Kant’s moral theory perfect duties, generally duties of omission, must be fulfilled regardless of motivation, even though agents earn moral esteem only for fulfilling even these duties out of respect for the moral law, and that this requirement is what creates the conceptual space for duties of right as part of rather than independent from Kant’s moral theory.
Kant on Democracy
Authors: Hanisch Christoph 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:The first part of this paper analyzes Kant’s remarks on state forms. It is true that Kant uses the term “democracy” in a pre-modern sense, denoting a radical form of despotic sovereignty that is incompatible with representative government and the separation of powers. In addition, he makes clear that it is only in non-ideal conditions that the provisional standards of republican legitimacy are less stringent than those that apply in ideal circumstances. These qualifications notwithstanding, the first part concludes that Kant fails to consider a satisfying conception of democratic sovereignty. In the remainder of this paper, I first develop this criticism in terms of the neglect of procedural (in contrast to substantive) criteria of republican legitimacy in Kant: a public norm’s normative status is determined, partly but necessarily, by the procedures that led to its enactment. Second, I show that the multifarious aspects of the one innate right of humanity (independence, equality, the duty of rightful honor, etc.) provide sufficient grounds for identifying democratic procedures as non-optional features of a Kantian republic. Moreover, that the non-optionality of democratic sovereignty, on the one hand, and the validity of the normative limits put on democratic procedures and their outcomes in the form of individual rights, on the other, rest in the same normative source (
Just War, Regular War, and Perpetual Peace
Authors: Ripstein Arthur 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:Kant characterizes war as the “barbaric way (the way of savages)” of deciding disputes. This opposition to war is paired with a discussion of right in war, with respect to each of going to war, the conduct of war, and the behaviour of the victorious party after a war. I explain how Kant can have a conception of right in war, against the background of his more general view that war is by its nature barbaric and to be repudiated entirely. Right cannot be decided by war, but can only be “found” in it if we suppose it can decide a dispute, and so in another sense resolve a question of right. Kant’s solution has two pillars: an account of the distinctively public nature of a state, and an account of peace as the only condition under which disputes can be resolved on their merits.
Update of the distribution and status of the aoudad Ammotragus lervia (Bovidae, Caprini) in Tunisia
Authors: Mimoun Jamel Ben , Cassinello Jorge , Nouira Saïd 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The distribution and status of the aoudad Ammotragus lervia in Tunisia is reported. The species occupies rocky craggy terrain from 334 to 1544 m in three main habitat types: forests of the Tunisian dorsal, steppes in the mountain ranges of central Tunisia, and desert tabular heights in the south of the country. Five populations are currently subject to monitoring in Tunisia, the most stable ones living free-ranging at the Chambi National Park and in captivity at the Nature Reserve Oued Dekouk. The whole country population does not exceed 700–800 individuals, severely fragmented and mainly located in protected areas. Poaching and loss of forage and habitat due to overgrazing by domestic animals are the main threats of Tunisian aoudads. Following the IUCN criteria it should be classified as Endangered (EN) B1. The sustainability of aoudad populations basically depends on the long-term viability of protected areas and the establishment of urgent conservation measures, including reintroductions and the prevention of poaching and overgrazing by domestic animals.
The Book of Proverbs and the Idea of Ancient Israelite Education
Authors: Vayntrub Jacqueline 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe study challenges the use of the book of Proverbs as a primary data set in the recovery of ancient Israelite and Judean educational values and practices. The study argues that an examination of the nature of the Book of Proverbs and its poetics must necessarily precede the use of this text in reconstructing the values and practices of ancient Israelite and Judean education. Although Pro verbs can and has been compared to ancient Near Eastern instruction or ›wisdom‹ texts, the study demonstrates how the frame of Proverbs is distinct from the frames of these other texts. The study further argues that the Book of Proverbs in its framing and poetics articulates a specific and idiosyncratic position on formal speech performance and the value of participating in such an activity.
Janus Sayings: A Linking Device in Qoheleth’s Discourse
Authors: Dell Katharine , Forti Tova 
Published: March 2016

AbstractQoheleth’s apparent lack of internal coherence was not lost on the ancient rabbis, and is still a recurring issue in modern scholarship. Attempts at both structural and thematic reconstructions of the shape of the Ecclesiastes text are popular amongst modern scholars, but no real agreement has been reached. Scholars are divided: there are those who assume a self-contained intellectual work with a progressive inner structure, and those who believe that Qoheleth is a loose collection of separate units.The main concern of this paper is to discern a rhetorical phenomenon labelled a Janus saying, i.e. an aphorism that looks forward and backward, both structurally and thematically, and to evaluate its syntactical and thematic setting within Qoheleth’s teaching as a linking device.
Structural studies of CaAl12O19, SrAl12O19, La2/3+δ Al12–δO19, and CaAl10NiTiO19 with the hibonite structure; indications of an unusual type of ferroelectricity
Authors: Li Jun , Medina Elena A. , Stalick Judith K. , Sleight Arthur W. , Subramanian M.A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Various oxides with the hibonite structure were synthesized and structurally analyzed using powder neutron diffraction. The structure of CaAl12O19 at 298 and 11 K shows dipoles that are apparently too dilute to order unless subjected to a suitable electric field. Magnetoplumbites, such as BaFe12O19, are isostructural with hibonite. These compounds possess ferromagnetic properties, which combined with the electric dipoles may influence multiferroic behavior. Our SrAl12O19 sample showed two distinct hexagonal phases, a major phase with the normal hibonite structure and a minor phase having a closely related structure. Our sample of the defect hibonite phase La2/3+δAl12–δO19 shows a distinctly higher δ value (0.25) vs. that reported (~0.15) for samples made from the melt. Finally, we used to advantage the negative scattering length of Ti to determine the site occupancies of Ni and Ti in CaAl10NiTiO19.
eIF4A inactivates TORC1 in response to amino acid starvation
Authors: Tsokanos Foivos‐Filippos , Albert Marie‐Astrid , Demetriades Constantinos , Spirohn Kerstin , Boutros Michael , Teleman Aurelio A 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAmino acids regulate TOR complex 1 (TORC1) via two counteracting mechanisms, one activating and one inactivating. The presence of amino acids causes TORC1 recruitment to lysosomes where TORC1 is activated by binding Rheb. How the absence of amino acids inactivates TORC1 is less well understood. Amino acid starvation recruits the TSC1/TSC2 complex to the vicinity of TORC1 to inhibit Rheb; however, the upstream mechanisms regulating TSC2 are not known. We identify here the eIF4A‐containing eIF4F translation initiation complex as an upstream regulator of TSC2 in response to amino acid withdrawal in Drosophila. We find that TORC1 and translation preinitiation complexes bind each other. Cells lacking eIF4F components retain elevated TORC1 activity upon amino acid removal. This effect is specific for eIF4F and not a general consequence of blocked translation. This study identifies specific components of the translation machinery as important mediators of TORC1 inactivation upon amino acid removal.
Regeneration of Hard Alloy Wastes by Low Energy Consumption and Environmentally Friendly Hydrothermal Technology
Authors: Korablov S. F. 
Published: March 2016

Hard alloys are indispensable material for many branches of modern industry. However, even with the base composition (WC-Co) they are quite expensive due to the limited natural resources of cobalt and the complexity of their production from the minerals. Therefore, the collection and recycling of hard alloys waste have not only scientific but practical importance, taking into account that the cost of production of 1 ton of alloy from recovered waste comes to 20% cheaper than in the core technology. Existing methods of hard alloys waste treatment have several disadvantages, the main of which are high power consumption and big load on the environment. As a result of this research a high-performance, low-energy consumption, eco-friendly way for recycling of hard alloys waste has been proposed. According to this technology, in a first step the WC powder, and the solution containing cobalt salts were obtained by autoclaving at 230 °C in a mixture of HCl-H3PO4-HNO3 acids, and followed then metal cobalt recovery from hydrothermal solution at temperatures of 110 – 160 °C.
Luminescence Centers in Thin Films of ZnGa2O4
Authors: Bordun O. M. , Kukharskyy I. Y. , Bordun B. O. 
Published: March 2016

Photoexcitation spectra and luminescence of thin films of ZnGa2O4 under photo-, cathode and X-ray excitation were investigated. Luminescence spectra were factorized on ultimate constituents using Alentsev-Fock method. Emission bands with maximums at 3.35, 2.85, 2.50 and 2.38 eV were referred to the luminescence at the expense of electronic transitions between 4Т2, 4Т1, 2Е and 4А2 terms in octahedral complexes (GaO6)9–. It was proposed an energy level diagram with corresponding electronic transitions in such structure. Luminescence band with maximum at 1.75 eV is attributed to oxygen vacancies.
Anaphylactic Reaction to Pemetrexed: A Case Report
Authors: Capelle Heloise , Birnbaum Joelle , Tomasini Pascale , Tummino Céline , Gouitaa Marion , Ausias Nathalie , Charpin Denis , Barlesi Fabrice , Montana Marc 
Published: March 2016

Pemetrexed is approved to treat non-small cell lung cancer and has an overall favorable toxicity profile. We describe a 58-year-old man who developped an anaphylactic shock within few minutes from the beginning of pemetrexed perfusion. Pemetrexed was discontinued and the patient’s symptoms gradually resolved with administration of symptomatic treatment. Serum tryptase level remained normal and intra dermal skin tests were negative eventhough a nonspecific papule was noted. This case suggests that caution should be exercised when prescribing pemetrexed and clinicians must be warranted for the possibility of serious adverse events associated with pemetrexed use. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Medicinal use of Sceletium: Characterization of Phytochemical Components of Sceletium Plant Species using HPLC with UV and Electrospray Ionization – Tandem Mass Spectroscopy
Authors: Patnala Srinivas , Kanfer Isadore 
Published: March 2016

Purpose. Sceletium plants have been used for its medicinal properties for centuries. However, there is a wide range of Sceletium plant species in which various alkaloidal components such as ∆7mesembrenone, mesembrenol, mesembranol, mesembrenone, mesembrine hydrochloride, epimesembranol and, sceletium A4 differ between species. Hence, to ensure the quality of Sceletium products used as a medicine, it is imperative to identify the appropriate species using both botanical and chemical methods. The chemical approach to identify and characterize the phytochemical composition of a particular species facilitates the choice of species that will provide the purported therapeutic outcome. Hence, specific analytical methods to identify relevant constituents from complex matrices are necessary. Although HPLC-UV detection is commonly used to identify and estimate phytochemical content of medicinal plants, use of mass spectroscopy (MS) and tandem mass spectroscopy (MS/MS) can unequivocally confirm their presence/absence based on characteristic ions and fragmentation patterns. Methods. The various alkaloidal components were characterized by electrospray ionization (ESI) MS and MS/MS using an ionizing medium of 0.1% ammonium hydroxide in water mixed with acetonitrile. Compounds were purified and characterized for use as reference standards to identify the relevant alkaloidal constituents of several Sceletium plant species using HPLC with on-line UV-MS detection. Results. ESI-MS provided the [M+H]+ ions with respective m/z values that related to the respective molecular weights 287, 289, 291, 287, 289, 324 and 291 for the above mentioned alkaloids, whereas, ESI MS/MS provided the characteristic fragment ions to confirm the structural identity of the individual alkaloids and subsequently used to confirm the presence and/or absence of specific alkaloids in various Sceletium plant samples. Conclusions. Whilst HPLC-UV detection has been a widely-used conventional analytical technique for both qualitative and quantitative analyses, the results highlight the necessity of ESI-MS detection to avoid erroneous identification of phytochemical components, particularly with mesembrine-type compounds which have closely related chemical structures. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Intracellular Uptake Mechanism of Lutein in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Authors: Sato Yuki , Kondo Yu , Sumi Masato , Takekuma Yoh , Sugawara Mitsuru 
Published: March 2016

Purpose. Lutein is a carotenoid mainly found in green leafy vegetables and is located in the macula lutea in the human eye. It has received much attention recently due to its preventive effect on age-related macular degeneration, and it has been consumed as a supplement. However, little information about the pharmacokinetic properties of lutein is available. Detailed knowledge of pharmacokinetic properties of lutein is needed for the development of pharmaceutics. In this study, we focused on the macular accumulation of lutein and investigated the uptake mechanism into human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Methods. ARPE-19 cells were used for the study on the accumulation mechanism of lutein. The concentration of lutein was determined using an HPLC system. Involvement of scavenger class B type 1 (SR-B1) in the accumulation of lutein in ARPE-19 cells was suggested from the results of an inhibition study using block lipid transport 1 (BLT-1), a selective inhibitor of SR-B1. To investigate the involvement of SR-B1 in more detail, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected and the mRNA and protein expression levels of SR-B1 were assessed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Results. We confirmed a sufficient siRNA knockdown effect in both mRNA and protein expression levels of SR-B1. We then found that lutein uptake was significantly decreased by siRNA knockdown of SR-B1. Conclusion. The uptake of lutein was significantly decreased by 40% compared with the control uptake level. This suggested that active transport of lutein into ARPE-19 cells is mainly via SR-B1, given the result that lutein uptake at 4ºC was about 40% less that that at 37ºC. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Inhibition of Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Inflammation by Withaferin A
Authors: Rasool Mahaboobkhan , Chandal Sonal , Sabina Evan Prince 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Purpose. Gouty arthritis is a characteristically intense acute inflammatory reaction resulting from the formation of sodium urate crystals in the joint cavity. In the present study, the effect of withaferin A, a steroidal lactone was investigated on monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice; an experimental model for gouty arthritis and compared it with that of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin.
Methods. Paw volume and levels/activities of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant status and inflammatory mediator TNF-α were determined in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced mice. The levels of β-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured in monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL).
Results. Paw volume, the levels of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory mediator tumour necrosis factor-α were found to be increased significantly and the activities of antioxidant status were in turn decreased in monosodium urate crystal-induced mice; however these changes were reverted back to near normal levels in withaferin A (30 mg/kg/b.wt, i.p.) treated monosodium urate crystal-induced mice. In addition, β-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase level were reduced in withaferin A (100μg/ml) treated monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
Conclusion. The present findings clearly indicated that withaferin A exerted a strong anti-inflammatory effect against gouty arthritis.
From East and West: A Shifting Cultural Landscape of Natural Health Products. 11th Annual Conference presented by Natural Health Product Research Society of Canada, in conjunction with the Canadian Institute of Chinese Medicinal Research
Authors: Berekoff Beverley 
Published: March 2016

Proceedings of 2014 conference presented by Natural Health Product Research Society of Canada, in conjunction with the Canadian Institute of Chinese Medicinal Research. May 13 – 16, 2014, Kelowna, BC, Canada