bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mirror Clemens–Schmid sequence
Authors: Doran Charles F. , Thompson Alan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe introduce a four-term long exact sequence that relates the cohomology of a smooth variety admitting a projective morphism onto a projective base to the cohomology of the open set obtained by removing the preimage of a general linear section. We show that this sequence respects the perverse Leray filtration and induces exact sequences of mixed Hodge structures on its graded pieces. We conjecture that this exact sequence should be thought of as mirror to the Clemens–Schmid sequence, which describes the cohomology of degenerations. We exhibit this mirror relationship explicitly for all Type II and many Type III degenerations of K3 surfaces. In three dimensions, we show that for Tyurin degenerations of Calabi–Yau threefolds our conjecture is a consequence of existing mirror conjectures, and we explicitly verify our conjecture for a more complicated degeneration of the quintic threefold.
Can grit predict well-being?
Authors: Quinn Kristen M. , Huang Kevin , Sama Vineeth , Donahue Colleen , Abbott Andrea M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Burnout affects over 50% of surgical residents, and efforts focused on well-being during training are needed. Grit, defined as perseverance toward achieving long-term goals, is a measure of mental fortitude and may be protective against burnout and predictive of well-being.

Methods
An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to surgical and non-surgical resident trainees as well as general surgery faculty. Grit was measured using a 12-question validated Grit Scale and well-being was measured using a 5-question validated WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Linear regression was used to identify associations between post-graduate year (PGY), grit, and well-being. Student’s t-test was used to compare grit and well-being scores among male and female trainees.

Results
23/38 (60.5%) surgical residents completed the survey. Grit scores ranged from 3 to 4.67 (scale of 1–5) and well-being scores from 24 to 84 (scale of 0–100). There was no correlation between grit and well-being (R2 = 0.01, p < 0.63) or between PGY class and grit (R2 = 0.06, p < 0.27). However, there was a positive correlation between PGY class and well-being (R2 = 0.18, p < 0.05). Female residents trended towards higher grit (4.12 female vs 3.76 male, p < 0.07) and lower well-being (53 vs 60, p < 0.18). Compared with non-surgical residents, there were no significant differences in mean grit or well-being. The pooled trainee group demonstrated a positive correlation between PGY class and well-being (R2 = 0.09). Faculty reported higher grit (4, p < 0.03) and well-being (68.8, p < 0.002) than residents.

Conclusion
Despite high overall grit, trainees experience relatively low well-being; this effect is exaggerated in females. Grit and well-being trend to increase with PGY years and as faculty. The lack of association between grit and well-being in trainees suggests that intrinsic grit is not enough; well-being is impacted by external factors and encourages future work to identify and modify these factors for a positive impact on trainees.
Imaging of body complications in pediatric oncology: a review of the literature and our experience
Authors: Cariello Valentina , Lombardo Patrizia , Baldari Diana , Smaldone Maria Cristina , Pizzicato Paolo , Rossi Antonio , Brunese Luca , Paviglianiti Giuseppe , Brunese Maria Chiara , Minelli Rocco , Rossi Eugenio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChildhood cancer is Aa rare condition, despite being the primary cause of disease-related deaths among children, particularly in developed countries. Along with increasing incidence rates, there has been a global decline in the number of deaths from childhood malignancies due to significant advances in diagnosis, risk stratification, treatment, response assessment, and surveillance. As a result, children with cancer are experiencing better outcomes with increased survival rates, leading to a higher incidence of life-threatening complications, including recurrence and second malignancies, compared to adults. Radiology plays a crucial role in detecting these conditions early to reduce their morbidity and mortality. However, only a limited number of studies have explored the sequelae in the pediatric cancer population and their radiologic implications. This article aims to provide an overview of imaging complications of cancer and cancer-related treatment unique to the pediatric population and to review the relevant literature.
A Path Towards Assessing and Increasing Health System Resilience in Non-traditional Flood Areas
Authors: Ryan Benjamin J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Rapid deforestation, urbanization, and biodiversity loss over the last century has changed landscapes and disorientated the climate. This has magnified temperature, wind speed, air quality, and other meteorological variables. For example, the urban heat island effect has resulted in city areas being hotter than nearby rural areas and expanding physical landscapes combined with shifting precipitation patterns has increased flood risks in new locations. The result has been unexpected disruption to healthcare, supply chains, and changes in vector, water, and foodborne disease patterns. To find solutions to this challenge, a transdisciplinary approach is needed to assess and anticipate the impact of floods and other emerging risks on public health systems. The United Nations Public Health System Resilience Scorecard (Scorecard) could provide the process needed for this to occur. This is a reliable, scalable, and versatile tool that has been applied and tested in multiple communities and countries. Attendees to this session will learn about the Scorecard methodology and how it can be applied in different settings, used to build consensus, and employed to inform future resilience actions. Ultimately, providing a framework for maximizing the resilience of public health systems during a time of rapidly shifting environmental, social, and fiscal climates.

Learning Objectives
Identify the impact floods and other disasters can have on public health systems in non-traditional at-risk areas.
Explore the United Nations Public Health System Resilience Scorecard (Scorecard) and its alignment with the 2030 United Nations agenda.
Understand why a transdisciplinary approach is needed to assess the impact of floods and other emerging risks on public health systems.
Demonstrate how the Scorecard can be applied in multiple communities and countries to identify, rank, and prioritize resilience actions for public health systems.
Heat-Associated Death Surveillance in Maricopa County During the 2023 Heat Wave
Authors: Staab R. Nicholas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Since 2006, the Maricopa County Department of Public Health (MCDPH) has conducted routine surveillance of heat-associated deaths in the county. During that time, the number of deaths each year has been on the rise with 2022 numbers showing a 25% increase over 2021. Risk factors such as homelessness and alcohol and drug use have been shown to increase the risk of heat-associated death. During the summer of 2023, record-breaking heat in the metro-Phoenix area was widely reported. The MCDPH heat-associated death surveillance data was widely reported and used by policy makers to address extreme heat as a regional disaster. In this presentation participants will learn how heat-associated death surveillance has evolved over time to inform public health leaders and policy makers to the risk factors associated with poor outcomes from extreme heat. Participants will also understand how the data is shared at the local, national and international levels to inform extreme heat response activities.

Learning Objectives
Participants will learn how heat-associated death surveillance has evolved over time to inform public health leaders and policy makers of the risk factors associated with poor outcomes from extreme heat.
Participants will also understand how the data is shared at the local, national and international levels to inform extreme heat response activities.
Essential Disaster Medicine Education, Training and Competencies
Authors: Ragazzoni Luca 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Despite the increasing risk of disasters and health crises worldwide, we are failing to equip the new generation of health care workers with basic education and training in disaster medicine and global public health. Unfortunately, the teaching of disaster medicine is underrepresented in several countries worldwide.

Learning Objectives
Understand the role of education and training as integral components of disaster preparedness.
Recognize the fundamentals of adult learning and competency-based education and training.
Discover the general principles of education and training in disaster medicine.
Explore the state of the art of simulation-based training in disaster medicine.
Impact of universal masking in reducing the risk of nosocomial respiratory viruses among people with cancer
Authors: Yan Judy , McClure Tara , Aslam Anoshé , Bubb Tania , Babady N. Esther , Usiak Shauna , Kamboj Mini 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground:Universal masking within healthcare settings was adopted to combat the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition to mitigating the risk for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, it also had an added benefit of preventing the nosocomial transmission of other respiratory viral diseases.Objective:This study examines the impact of the masking intervention on nosocomial respiratory viral infections (RVI) in vulnerable sub-populations of people with cancer at a tertiary care hospital.Design:Interrupted time series analysis.Methods:We reviewed non-SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial RVI between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2023 and compared its quarterly trends before (January 2017 to March 2020) and after (April 2020 to December 2023) the universal masking intervention was implemented.Results:Prior to the masking policy, there was no significant change in the quarterly rate of non-SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial RVI (baseline trend: P = 0.662). Crude infection rates decreased from 5.6% preintervention to 4.3% after the masking policy was implemented (P < 0.001). Quarterly trends continued to steadily decline post-intervention (β = −0.10, SE = 0.04, P < 0.007).Conclusions:Our results suggest that universal face masking is associated with reduced non-SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial RVI, providing further evidence to support the continued use of face masks in healthcare settings to protect the health of immunocompromised patients.
Multiple phases of ice-dammed lake formation and drainage associated with a surge of Shisper Glacier, western Karakoram
Authors: Lovell Harold , Muhammad Sher 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Glacier surges can create ice-dammed lakes when the advancing terminus blocks drainage. Such lakes are inherently unstable and can drain abruptly as glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), presenting a hazard to downstream populations and infrastructure in high mountain environments. We present satellite image analysis of the evolution of an ice-dammed lake formed by the 2018–20 surge of Shisper Glacier, western Karakoram. Our analysis identifies six phases of lake evolution. A large lake of up to 33.7 ± 9% million m3 formed in 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21 and 2021–22. In each case, the lake began to fill late in the year, reached a maximum size in May, and had completely drained between May and July, typically over 1–2 days. This analysis provides further evidence that GLOF hazards associated with lakes dammed by glacier surges can persist for several years after surge termination.
Primary Causality, Providence, and Scripture
Authors: Kerr Gaven 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper brings together several issues in Aquinas’s thought on God’s primary causality, providence, and the reading of scripture. Herein I argue that God’s primary causality is to be understood in terms of His being the source of all actuality. From there I go on to integrate Aquinas’s account of providence with the account of God’s primacy. With God’s primary causality and providence in place, I then go on to address the theme pertinent to this special edition, and that is God’s response to sin in Aquinas’s reading of scripture.
Application of right ventricular to pulmonary valved conduit in the surgical treatment of congenital heart disease
Authors: Wang Zhangwei , Ma Kai , Li Shoujun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPulmonary valve replacement and right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with valved conduits have been the shortcomings of paediatric cardiac surgeons in the treatment of CHD. In recent decades, encouraging achievements have been made in right ventricular outflow tract technology. Since Klinner reported the first right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery connection using unvalved conduits made of autologous pericardium in 1964, various right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduits have gradually been used in the treatment of various complex CHD. Compared with other materials, valved homograft conduit (VHC) is more consistent with physiological characteristics, better haemodynamics, easy suture and good haemostasis, anti-calcification, anti-infection, and without the need for lifelong anticoagulation, which makes VHC the best material for reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract. However, due to the shortage of donor sources, other alternative conduits such as polytetrafuoroethylene valved conduits have been developed, and the results are not inferior to VHC in clinical application. The emerging tissue engineering technology is expected to utilise recipient-derived endothelial cells for implantation onto the decellularized VHC or degradable synthetic materials in order to construct a recipient-specific tissue-engineered valved conduit. This advancement holds great potential as an ideal biological transplant material and valve replacement for CHD. It will completely solve the problems of immune rejection and the growth of the conduit that cannot adapt to the physical growth of children. This review provides a comprehensive review of the clinical indications for right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduits application, optimal timing for surgery, current practices in utilising various types of external conduits, and considerations for re-replacement.
Utilizing primary care to engage underserved patients in a psychological intervention for chronic pain
Authors: Miller-Matero Lisa R. , Hecht Leah M. , Gavrilova Lyubov , Haage Brittany , Autio Kirsti , Tobin Erin T. , Ahmedani Brian K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Although psychological interventions can be used to improve chronic pain management, underserved individuals (i.e., racially minoritized and socioeconomically disadvantaged) may be less likely to engage in such services. The purpose of this study was to examine whether offering a psychological intervention for chronic pain in a primary care clinic could be a method in which to successfully engage underserved patients.

Methods:
There were 220 patients with chronic pain in a primary care clinic located in a socioeconomically and racially diverse city who were approached to discuss enrolment in a pilot randomized controlled trial of a five-session psychological intervention for chronic pain. Patients were introduced to the study by their primary care provider using the warm handoff model. We compared whether there were sociodemographic differences between those who enrolled in the study and those who declined to enrol.

Results:
There were no differences between those who enrolled and those who declined enrolment with regard to race, age, insurance type, and household income. However, females were more likely to enrol in the study compared to males.

Conclusions:
Recruiting patients to participate in a trial of a psychological intervention for chronic pain in a primary care clinic appeared to be effective for engaging Black patients, patients with lower income, and those with government insurance. Thus, offering a psychological intervention for chronic pain in a primary care clinic may encourage engagement among racially minoritized individuals and those with lower socioeconomic status.
Illuminating the Hierarchical Segmentation of Faults Through an Unsupervised Learning Approach Applied to Clouds of Earthquake Hypocenters
Authors: Piegari E. , Camanni G. , Mercurio M. , Marzocchi W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe propose a workflow for the recognition of the hierarchical segmentation of faults through earthquake hypocenter clustering without prior information. Our approach combines density‐based clustering algorithms (DBSCAN and OPTICS), and principal component analysis (PCA). Given a spatial distribution of earthquake hypocenters, DBSCAN identifies first‐order clusters, representing regions with the highest density of connected seismic events. Within each first‐order cluster, OPTICS further identifies nested higher‐order clusters, providing information on their number and size. PCA analysis is applied to first‐ and higher‐order clusters to evaluate eigenvalues, allowing discrimination between seismicity associated with planar features and distributed seismicity that remains uncategorized. The identified planes are then geometrically characterized in terms of their location and orientation in the space, length, and height. This automated procedure operates within two spatial scales: the largest scale corresponds to the longest pattern of approximately equally dense earthquake clouds, while the smallest scale relates to earthquake location errors. By applying PCA analysis, a planar feature outputted from a first‐order cluster can be interpreted as a fault surface while planes outputted after OPTICS can be interpreted as fault segments comprised within the fault surface. The evenness between the orientation of illuminated fault surfaces and fault segments, and that of the nodal planes of earthquake focal mechanisms calculated along the same faults, corroborates this interpretation. Our workflow has been successfully applied to earthquake hypocenter distributions from various seismically active areas (Italy, Taiwan, and California) associated with faults exhibiting diverse kinematics.
The Structure of Field‐Aligned Current Systems as Inferred From the Multiscale Minimum Variance Analysis
Authors: Bunescu Costel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAuroral field‐aligned currents (FACs) have an intrinsic complexity caused by the superposition of contributions from a broad spectrum of scales and diversity of locations. The complex FAC systems are investigated by using the multiscale minimum variance analysis. This technique provides a scale based decomposition of the FAC systems by identifying the constituting FAC elements as well as their structure. At the basis, the analysis exploits the scale dependence of the eigenvalues of the magnetic field variance matrix. The scale decomposition along the transversal (latitudinal) direction results from the scale derivative of the maximum eigenvalue. The complementary information from the scale derivative of the minimum eigenvalue helps to infer the full structure of each FAC element by providing estimates of the FAC length (longitudinal) scale. The scale derivative of minimum and maximum eigenvalues are used to identify FAC signatures associated to different types of aurora (e.g., highly extended, finite arcs, gradient regions) as well as to characterize the influence of the crossing location with respect to the FAC structures (e.g., near edge crossings). The multiscale analysis is applied to simulated FACs and to spacecraft observations made by the Swarm mission. The use with real world data illustrates the power of this analysis, whose full benefits for magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling investigations are yet to be explored.
Planetary Wave Signature in Low Latitude Sporadic E Layer Obtained From Multi‐Mission Radio Occultation Observations
Authors: Sobhkhiz‐Miandehi S. , Yamazaki Y. , Arras C. , Miyoshi Y. , Shinagawa H. , Jadhav A. P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Sporadic E layer or Es is an ionospheric phenomenon characterized by enhancements in electron density within 90–120 km above the Earth's surface. Based on the wind shear theory, the formation of Es layers is associated with vertical shears in the horizontal wind, in the presence of the Earth's magnetic field. This study explores the role of planetary waves on inducing these vertical shears and subsequently shaping Es layers. Our investigations benefit from a large amount of data facilitated by the FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC2 and Spire missions, which offer extensive global coverage. A wave analysis is applied to the Es intensity as represented by the S4 index derived from radio occultation measurements, in search of potential planetary wave signatures. Additionally, measurements from Aura/MLS are used to analyze corresponding spectra for the geopotential height, enabling a comparative examination of planetary wave signatures in the Es layer and geopotential height variations. The findings reveal westward and eastward wave components with specific wavenumbers and periods, suggesting the involvement of westward propagating quasi 6‐day, quasi 4‐day planetary waves, and eastward propagating Kelvin waves with a period of around 3 days in Es layer formation at low latitudes.
Contrasting Supply Dynamics of Dissolved Iron and Nitrate Shape the Biogeography of Nutrient‐Limiting Conditions in the North Pacific
Authors: Ma Wentao , Zhao Zihui , Wang Tao , Liang Bo , Wang Yuntao , Xiu Peng , Chai Fei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe North Pacific is known with iron limitation for phytoplankton growth in the subarctic region and nitrogen limitation in the subtropical gyre. Although the growth rate of phytoplankton is determined by the concentration of limiting nutrient, the supply ratio of iron to nitrogen is suggested to be essential to this biogeographic pattern. However, the underlying dynamics determining the ratio remain largely unknown. We investigated mechanisms of dissolved iron (dFe) and nitrate (NO3−) transport to the euphotic zone of the North Pacific using an eddy‐resolvable biogeochemical model. We show that lateral advection and atmospheric deposition are dominant drivers for dFe transport, resulting in high Fe:N supply ratio in both subarctic and subtropical regions. Conversely, significant vertical supplies of NO3− through upwelling and diffusion processes markedly reduce the supply ratio in the subarctic region. These dynamics combined lead to high Fe:N supply ratio in the gyre and low ratio in the subarctic, ultimately driving high nitrogen fixation condition in the gyre and the iron‐limited phytoplankton growth condition in the subarctic region.
Testing Cloud Adjustment Hypotheses for the Maintenance of Earth's Hemispheric Albedo Symmetry With Natural Experiments
Authors: Diamond Michael S. , Gristey Jake J. , Feingold Graham 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEarth's Northern and Southern Hemispheres reflect essentially equal amounts of sunlight. How—and whether—this hemispheric albedo symmetry is maintained remains a mystery. We decompose Earth's hemispheric albedo symmetry into components associated with the surface, clear‐sky atmosphere, and different cloud types as defined by cloud effective pressure and optical thickness. Climatologically, greater reflection by the surface, aerosols, and high clouds in the Northern Hemisphere is balanced by greater low and mid‐level cloudiness in the Southern Hemisphere. Both hemispheres have darkened at similar rates over the past two decades; whether the darkening from more rapidly declining aerosol in the Northern Hemisphere is causing a departure from all‐sky symmetry remains uncertain. Natural experiments including long‐term trends, sea ice loss, and volcanic eruptions provide strong evidence against the hypothesis that extratropical low clouds compensate changing clear‐sky asymmetries on annual‐to‐decadal timescales but some evidence that tropical high cloud shifts may do so.