bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Light Source and Curing Parameters on Microhardness of a Silorane-Based Dental Composite Material
Authors: Malara P. , Czech Z. , Świderski W. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the light source and the light-curing parameters (the distance of the material from the light source and time of light-curing) on microhardness of Flitek Silorane dental composite material. Standardized samples of Filtek Silorane material were cured using two types of Light Curing Units (LCUs) – halogen and LED. The distance of the light source and time of curing differed between samples. The Knoop’s microhardness was tested using microhardness tester Micromet 5103. Using LED light curing unit allowed to achieve significantly higher microhardness of silorane-based dental material Filtek Silorane than using halogen light curing unit. Decreasing the distance from the light source to the surface of silorane-based material Filtek Silorane improved its microhardness. A prolonged curing time could compensate the drop in microhardness of Filtek Silorane material resulting from an increased distance from the light source to the surface of the material only in a limited range of intervals.
Application of Anodization Process for Cast Aluminium Surface Properties Enhancement
Authors: Włodarczyk-Fligier A. , Labisz K. , Polok-Rubiniec M. , Konieczny J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
An huge interest is observed in last years in metal matrix composite, mostly light metal based, which have found their applications in many industry branches, among others in the aircraft industry, automotive-, and armaments ones, as well as in electrical engineering and electronics, where one of the most important issue is related to the corrosion resistance, especially on the surface layer of the used aluminium alloys. This elaboration presents the influence of ceramic phase on the corrosion resistance, quality of the surface layer its thickness and structure of an anodic layer formed on aluminium alloys. As test materials it was applied the aluminium alloys Al-Si-Cu and Al-Cu-Mg, for which heat treatment processes and corrosion tests were carried out. It was presented herein grindability test results and metallographic examination, as well. Hardness of the treated alloys with those ones subjected to corrosion process were compared.
Internal Stresses in PVD Coated Tool Composites
Authors: Śliwa A. , Mikuła J. , Gołombek K. , Kwaśny W. , Pakuła D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aim of work is the investigation of the internal stresses in PVD coated metal matrix composites (MMC). Sintered MMC substrate is composed of the matrix with the chemical composition corresponding to the high-speed steel, reinforced with the TiC type hard carbide phase. Functionally graded composition of MMC providing of high ductility characteristic of steel in the core zone as well as high hardness characteristic of cemented carbides in the surface zone. Internal stresses were determined with use of finite element method in ANSYS environment. The reason of undertaking the work is necessity of develop the research of internal stresses, occurring in the coating, as well as in the adhesion zone of coating and substrate, which makes it possible to draw valuable conclusions concerning engineering process of the advisable structure and chemical composition of coatings. The investigations were carried out on cutting tool’s models containing defined zones differing in chemical composition.Modelled materials were characteristic of chemical composition corresponding to the high-speed steel at the core, reinforced with the TiC type hard carbide phase with the growing fraction of these phases in the outward direction from the core to the surface, additionally coated with (Ti,Al)N or Ti(C,N) functionally graded PVD coatings.Results of determined internal stresses were compared with the results calculated using experimental X-ray sin2ψ method. It was demonstrated, that the presented model meets the initial criteria, which gives ground to the assumption about its utility for determining the stresses in coatings as well as in functionally graded sintered materials. The results of computer simulations correlate with the experimental results.
Tightness and Material Aspects of Bolted Flange Connections With Gaskets of Nonlinear Properties Exposed to Variable Loads
Authors: Walczak R. , Pawlicki J. , Zagórski A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The paper presents the problems regarding bolted flange connections with gaskets used in chemical, petrochemical and energy industry. The aim of the research is to present state of knowledge regarding pipelines and apparatus in industrial installations and rules and regulations regarding flange connections tightness. Additionally a calculation example regarding flange connection according to ASME VIII DIV 1 requirement and then detailed Finite Element Analysis presented; impact of nonlinear material properties (gasket loading unloading curves) on the connection tightness for complex loading programme is shown. It is finally concluded that in addition to usual design calculations more precise calculation is needed to fully verify behaviour of sealed connection at complex extreme variable loadings. Material aspect is very important at designing, testing, service and maintenance; taking it into consideration may avoid many problems related to safe exploitation.
Surface Modification of AISI 440B Stainless Steel and its Influence on Surgical Drill Bits Performance
Authors: Łępicka M. , Grądzka-Dahlke M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The development of modern invasive surgery is highly dependent on the performance of surgical instruments, understood as long-term efficiency arising from high resistance to wear and corrosion. In order to maintain sufficient reliability, surgical cutting instruments are often made of martensitic stainless steels. Nevertheless, the use of ferrous alloys in medical applications is still a concern due to their questionable corrosion and wear resistance. To extend their biocompatibility, improve stability in variable environmental conditions, improve ease of handling, and maximize their performance, diffusion layers and coatings are applied to the surface. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of TiN and diamond-like carbon (DLC) surface modification on the performance of surgical drill bits, that is, wear and corrosion resistance, measured in model and field tests. Based on the findings presented, DLC layers can be recommended as anti-wear and anti-corrosion coatings for surgical drill bits.
Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Magnesium-Bioceramic Nanocomposites
Authors: Kowalski K. , Nowak M. , Jurczyk M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMagnesium alloys have recently attracted much attention as a new generation of biodegradable metallic materials. In this work, Mg1Mn1Zn0.3Zr-bioceramic nanocomposites and their scaffolds were synthesized using a combination of mechanical alloying and a space-holder sintering process. The phase and microstructure analysis was carried out using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and the properties were measured using hardness and corrosion testing equipment. Nanostructured Mg-bioceramic composites with a grain sizes below 73 nm were synthesized. The Vickers hardnesses for the bulk nanostructured Mg-based composites are two times greater than that of pure microcrystalline Mg metal (50 HV0.3). Produced Mg-based bionanomaterials can be applied in medicine.
Microstructure and Properties of Composite Coatings Obtained on Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Bara M. , Kmita T. , Korzekwa J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This paper presents methods of modifying the anode surface layers of Al2O3 by introducing carbon to their microstructure. Composite coatings were prepared using two different methods. In the first, coatings were formed by means of oxidation under constant current conditions. Anodic oxidation of aluminium was conducted in a multicomponent electrolyte with the addition of organic acids and graphite. The second method was based on the formation of oxide coatings in an electrolyte without the addition of graphite or heat treatment of the layers of succinic acid. The obtained coatings were tested using SEM, TEM, and GDOES (glow discharge optical emission spectrometry) and their tribological and stereometric properties were measured. The study demonstrated the beneficial effects of the methods when used to improve the tribological properties of sliding couples.
Stabilization of Heavy Metal Particles in AL2O3-W Suspensions
Authors: Kędzierska – Sar A. , Falkowski P. , Szafran M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCeramic – metal composites are widely used materials in a whole world. There were invented many fabrication methods for those kind of materials, but still exists some problems which need to be fixed. Stability of high density metal particles (e.g. W, Mo, Nb) in ceramic-metal composite suspensions is one of crucial issues to be solved in order to obtain homogenous composite material with desired properties such as high fracture toughness, mechanical strength, hardness, wear resistance.In this paper, results of two different methods of stabilizing W particles in Al2O3– W – H2O system were compared. The zeta potential by laser doppler electrophoresis, stability by static multiple light scattering and rheological behavior of prepared suspensions were analyzed. As a result application of hetero-flocculation effect was consider as a good way to obtain homogeneous dispersion of metal particles with a high density.
Study of Factors Determinant of Siliceous Electrical Porcelain Resistance to Structural Degradation
Authors: Ranachowski P. , Ranachowski Z. , Kudela S. , Pawełek A. , Piątkowski A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The subject of this study was investigation of the factors that have a decisive influence on the resistance of siliceous porcelain to degradation processes. There was tested material C 110 type, which is widely used for the production of low-voltage (LV) elements such as insulators and bushings. On the basis of mechanical-acoustic and microscopic research of small-sized samples, which were subjected to compression, there were distinguished successive stages of degradation of the material structure. In the authors’ opinion, they have a reference to the ageing process, taking place during many years of work under operating conditions. Thus, it was possible to assess the structural factors that determine the durability and reliability of LV electroinsulating elements. The results were related to electrical aluminous porcelains.
Thermal Phenomena in the Friction Process of the TG15 - Hard Anodic Coating Couple
Authors: Służałek G. , Posmyk A. , Skoneczny W. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The paper presents a one-dimensional model of heat conduction in a couple consisting of a cylinder made of a sliding plastic material, TG15, and a cuboid made of alloy AW 6061 coated with a hard anodic coating, where the couple is heated with the heat generated during friction. TG15 is a composite material based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with a 15% graphite filler, used for piston rings in oil-free air-compressors. Measurement of temperature in the friction zone is extremely important for the understanding and analysis of the phenomena occurring therein. It is practically impossible to introduce a temperature sensor in such a place. Therefore, the interaction taking place in such a couple was modelled using numerical methods. In order to simplify and accelerate the calculations, a one-dimensional model and constant thermophysical parameters of the materials participating in friction were adopted. To solve the proposed model, the finite difference method was used (FDM). The resultant system of equations was solved by means of an explicit scheme.
Lattice Rotation Definition and Predicted Textures of Tensile and Compression Deformation
Authors: Wroński M. , Wierzbanowski K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe problem of ambiguity in the definition of lattice rotation, used in plastic deformation models, is examined in this work. The geometry of tensile and compression deformation is considered. Two approaches to lattice rotation are considered: the classical definition (called also ‘mathematical analysis’) and the definition based on orientation preservation of specified directions/planes in the sample coordinates system. Similar study was already done by the present authors for the geometry of rolling deformation. It was shown that application of two rotation definitions enables to explain the appearance of two types of f.c.c. rolling textures: brass type and copper type textures. In the case of axisymmetric deformation the application of both definitions of lattice rotation leads to similar textures, but with different spread of their principal components.
Study of Flow Softening Mechanisms of a Nickel-Based Superalloy With Δ Phase
Authors: Lin Y.C. , He Dao-Guang , Chen Ming-Song , Chen Xiao-Min , Zhao Chun-Yang , Ma Xiang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe flow softening behaviors of a nickel-based superalloy with δ phase are investigated by hot compression tests over wide ranges of deformation temperature and strain rate. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), optical microscopy (OM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are employed to study the flow softening mechanisms of the studied superalloy. It is found that the flow softening behaviors of the studied superalloy are sensitive to deformation temperature and strain rate. At high strain rate and low deformation temperature, the obvious flow softening behaviors occur. With the increase of deformation temperature or decrease of strain rate, the flow softening degree becomes weaken. At high strain rate (1s−1), the flow softening is mostly induced by the plastic deformation heating and flow localization. However, at low strain rate domains (0.001-0.01s−1), the effects of deformation heating on flow softening are slight. Moreover, the flow softening at low strain rates is mainly induced by the discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and the dissolution of δ phase (Ni3Nb).
Electrochemical Deposition of Ruthenium and Cobalt-Ruthenium Alloys From Acidic Chloride Ions Containing Baths
Authors: Kutyła D. , Kołczyk K. , Kowalik R. , Żabiński P. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The article presents results of tests on potentiostatic electrodeposition of ruthenium and Co-Ru alloys.
The tests applying the method of cyclic voltammetry with the use of gold disk electrode (RDE) allowed to define a potentials range in which it is possible to obtain ruthenium and its alloys with cobalt from acid chloride electrolytes.
The influence of electrodeposition parameters and the electrolyte composition on the composition, morphology and structure of the obtained deposits was determined. Co-Ru alloys underwent XRD tests, an analysis with the XRF method and observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Influence of Solution Heat Treatment on Structure and Mechanical Properties of ZnAl22Cu3 Alloy
Authors: Michalik R. , Chmiela B. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The influence of solution heat treatment at 385°C over 10 h with cooling in water on the structure, hardness and strength of the ZnAl22Cu3 eutectoid alloy is presented in the paper. The eutectoid ZnAl22Cu3 alloy is characterized by a dendritic structure. Dendrites are composed of a supersaturated solid solution of Al in Zn. In the interdendritic spaces a eutectoid mixture is present, with an absence of the ε (CuZn4) phase. Solution heat treatment of the ZnAl22Cu3 alloy causes the occurrence of precipitates rich in Zn and Cu, possibly ε phase. Solution heat treatment at 385°C initially causes a significant decrease of the alloy hardness, although longer solution heat treatment causes a significant increase of the hardness as compared to the as-cast alloy.
Influence of Electrolytical Oxidising of Silumine Surfaces on the Quality of Bonding with Epoxy Resin
Authors: Posmyk A. , Cholewa M. , Wieczorek J. , Scelina D. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The article presents the preparation process of AC-AlSi12 aluminum alloy surface by application of anodic oxidation method. The method enables the formation of a porous oxide layer (Al2O3) which generates the substrate of durable adhesive bond with an epoxy resin. It also presents the influence of the form of silicon precipitates in the modified alloy upon anodizing process, uniform structure and thickness of the oxide layer as well as the topography of its surface which is expected to improve adhesion of the resin and silumin. The paper describes how the position of oxidized surface against the negative electrode influences the coating structure. The studied silumins are intended to form the material for casting of 3 dimensional objects whose parts will change the distribution of electric field strength that may cause non-uniform structure of the coating.
Mathematical Modelling of Thermo-Elasto-Plastic Problems and the Solving Methodology on the Example of the Tubular Section Forming Process
Authors: Michalczyk J. , Nabiałek M. , Szota M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The paper presents the results of numerical studies based on a mathematical model determined by the stress-strain state examination method. Numerical computations for two steel grades, namely H40 and C45, were made at similar strain and process rate parameters. As a result of the studies, the distribution of elastic and plastic zones was obtained, while the tube hollow drawing force was verified experimentally. The distribution of longitudinal, radial and circumferential stresses and, after the drawing operation, the distribution of residual stresses in the tube cross-section were also obtained.
Fabrication and Investigation of Thermal and Wear Properties of Zinc Novel Coatings Reinforced with Nano-Al2O3 and Cr2O3 Particles
Authors: Popoola A.P.I. , Malatji N. , Fayomi O.S.I 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The study of the thermal, wear and corrosion properties of developed nanocomposite coatings of Zn-Al2O3 and Zn-Cr2O3 was carried out. The coatings were produced by electrodeposition technique from chloride acidic bath. Laboratory tube furnace was used for the thermal analysis. The wear test was performed using CETR tribo-tester dry reciprocating tester. The hardness properties were investigated using diamond base Dura microhardness tester. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) affixed with energy dispersive spectrometry was used to study the morphological characteristics, before and after wear deformation. The corrosion degradation behavior was observed using linear polarization technique in 3.5% NaCl. In all the interaction, the effects of the incorporated Al2O3 and Cr2O3nanoparticulates on zinc rich coatings were found to have an excellent influence on the wear, corrosion and thermal stability properties. The fabrication and properties exhibited by the alloys were therefore found to be satisfactory and shows good predictability and applicability.
The Prediction of Moulding Sand Moisture Content Based on the Knowledge Acquired by Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Regulski K. , Jakubski J. , Opaliński A. , Brzeziński M. , Głowacki M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The subject of the study is the improvement of the quality of moulding sand preparation. An exploration research performed on the data concerning moulding sand quality parameters was described. The aim of the research was to find relationships between various factors determining the properties of moulding sands and, based on the results obtained, build models predicting the sand moisture content with the induction of classification and regression trees. A two-match prediction approach was demonstrated and its effectiveness in evaluating the moulding sand moisture content was discussed. The knowledge in the form of rules acquired in this way can be used in the creation of knowledge bases for systems supporting decisions in the diagnostics of the moulding sand rebonding process. Formalized knowledge also facilitates further processing of the measurement data.
A Convergent Adaptive Finite Element Method for Cathodic Protection
Authors: Li Guanglian , Xu Yifeng 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this work, we propose and analyze an adaptive finite element method for a steady-state diffusion equation
with a nonlinear boundary condition arising in cathodic protection. Under a general assumption on
the marking strategy, we show that the algorithm
generates a sequence of discrete solutions that converges strongly to the exact solution in

H
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

${H^{1}(\Omega)}$

and the sequence of error estimators has a vanishing limit. Numerical results show
clearly the convergence and efficiency of the adaptive algorithm.
The Value of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Localized Morphea — Case Report
Authors: Chiriac Anca , Brzezinski Piotr , Chiriac Anca E. , Coroș Marius Florin , Moldovan Cosmin , Podoleanu Cristian , Stolnicu Simona 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this presentation is to highlight the usefulness of high-frequency ultrasound (18 MHz) in localized morphea for: identification of the lesion, guided skin biopsy, quantification of skin thickness, evaluating the severity by measuring total echogenicity.

Case presentation: A 62-year-old Caucasian woman was referred to the Dermatology Department for a well-circumscribed indurate plaque localized on the right side of the abdominal wall and thigh. On clinical examination, a large well-delimited, indurate plaque, silvery in the center and surrounded by a purplish-red halo (lilac ring) was noticed on the right side of the abdomen and thigh. An ultrasound-guided punch biopsy was carried out and the microscopic examination of the biopsy revealed moderate interstitial inflammatory infiltrate together with abundant collagen bundles in the dermis and subcutis and a diagnosis of localized morphea (scleroderma) was established. Ultrasonography was performed and skin thickness was measured using high-frequency US (18 MHz) and was found to be 3.1 mm to 3.9 mm.

Conclusion: high frequency ultrasound is an inexpensive, easy to perform, noninvasive method, replacing surgical biopsy and offering a valuable quantification of skin fibrosis.
Recent Advances in Biomarker Discovery — from Serum to Imaging-based Biomarkers for a Complex Assessment of Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Chiotoroiu Andreea-Luciana , Buicu Corneliu-Florin , Neagu Claudiu , Benedek Theodora 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Over the last years, a vast majority of serum biomarkers and imaging techniques have been used alone or combined in the diagnosis, management and prognosis of numerous pathologies. This review provides a brief insight into the novelties from the last 6 years (2010–2016) regarding serum and imaging markers in heart failure (HF). New information about natriuretic peptides (NPs), soluble ST2 (Sst2), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), myeloperoxidase (MPO), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), troponins (Tns), myoglobin (Mb), galectin-3 (Gal-3), micro ribonucleic acids (microRNAs) and long non-coding ribonucleic acids (IncRNAs), copectin and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) measurements were summarized in this review in order to guide the practitioner.