bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of a change model of “exits” during cognitive analytic therapy for the treatment of depression
Authors: Sandhu Sundeep Kaur , Kellett Stephen , Hardy Gillian 
Published: May 2017

Objectives“Exits” in cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) are methods that change unhelpful patterns or roles during the final “revision” phase of the therapy. How exits are conceived and achieved is currently poorly understood. This study focussed on the revision stage to explore and define how change is accomplished in CAT.MethodsQualitative content analysis studied transcripts of sessions 6 and 7 of a protocol delivered 8‐session CAT treatment for depression. Eight participants met the study inclusion criteria, and therefore, 16 sessions were analysed.ResultsThe exit model developed contained 3 distinct (but interacting) phases: (a) developing an observing self via therapist input or client self‐reflection, (b) breaking out of old patterns by creating new roles and procedures, and (c) utilisation of a range of methods to support and maintain change. Levels of interrater reliability for the exit categories that formed the model were good.ConclusionsThe revision stage of CAT emerged as a complex and dynamic process involving 3 interacting stages. Further research is recommended to understand how exits relate to durability of change and whether change processes differ according to presenting problem.Key Practitioner MessagesExit work in cognitive analytic therapy is a dynamic process that requires progression through stages of insight, active change, and consolidation.Development of an “observing self” is an important foundation stone for change, and cognitive analytic therapists need to work within the client's zone of proximal development.A number of aspects appear important in facilitating change, such as attending to the process and feelings generated by change talk.
Determining the Charge‐Transfer Direction in a p–n Heterojunction BiOCl/g‐C3N4 Photocatalyst by Ultrafast Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Zongwei , Zhang Qun , Luo Yi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractType‐II heterostructures composed of p‐type BiOCl and n‐type g‐C3N4 have received much attention because of their high efficiencies of charge separation in photocatalysis. However, some ambiguity exists regarding the transfer direction of photogenerated charge carriers in the BiOCl(p)/g‐C3N4(n) system. Although it seems to have not posed an issue in terms of organic photodegradation applications, misinterpretation of the charge‐transfer direction and hence misjudgment of the redox sites in the hybrid system would be a serious problem for other photocatalytic reactions, especially for half reactions, in which the determination of the redox sites is crucial. To solve this problem, we carefully interrogated this topical heterojunction system formed between p‐type BiOCl and n‐type g‐C3N4 by means of ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Our experimental results reveal that the photogenerated electrons are transferred, on a time scale of a few picoseconds, from the conduction band of BiOCl to that of g‐C3N4 and not in the opposite direction. This work enables us to eliminate the ambiguity in using two opposing mechanistic scenarios to describe the p–n heterojunction based photocatalysis mechanism, thereby providing instructive information for the rational design of photocatalytic nanosystems.
The Role of the Institutional Framework in the Relationship between Earnings Management and Corporate Social Performance
Authors: Kyaw Khine , Olugbode Mojisola , Petracci Barbara 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study examines the influence of the institutional framework of European countries: more specifically coordinated market economies and liberal market economies on the earnings management and corporate social performance nexus. Employing econometric models impervious to endogeneity, our results show that socially responsible firms (particularly those with high governance scores) in coordinated market economies engage in earnings management. These findings suggest that in countries in which institutional settings enable implicit undertakings of corporate social responsibility in firm policies, firm practices ostensibly related to corporate social performance may serve purposes other than meeting stakeholders' ethical expectations and those of society at large. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Enhancing the Acylation Activity of Acetic Acid by Formation of an Intermediate Aromatic Ester
Authors: Duong Nhung N. , Wang Bin , Sooknoi Tawan , Crossley Steven P. , Resasco Daniel E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAcylation is an effective C−C bond‐forming reaction to condense acetic acid and lignin‐derived aromatic compounds into acetophenones, valuable precursors to fuels and chemicals. However, acetic acid is intrinsically an ineffective acylating agent. Here, we report that its acylation activity can be greatly enhanced by forming intermediate aromatic esters directly derived from acetic acid and phenolic compounds. Additionally, the acylation reaction was studied in the liquid phase over acid zeolites and was found to happen in two steps: 1) formation of an acylium ion and 2) C−C bond formation between the acylium ion and the aromatic substrate. Each of these steps may be rate‐limiting, depending on the type of acylating agent and the aromatic substrate. Oxygen‐containing substituents, such as −OH and −OCH3, can activate aromatic substrates for step 2, with −OH> −OCH3, whereas alkyl substituent −R cannot. At the same time, aromatic esters can rearrange to acetophenones by both an intramolecular pathway and, preferentially, an intermolecular one.
Coatable Li4SnS4 Solid Electrolytes Prepared from Aqueous Solutions for All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Choi Young Eun , Park Kern Ho , Kim Dong Hyeon , Oh Dae Yang , Kwak Hi Ram , Lee Young‐Gi , Jung Yoon Seok 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBulk‐type all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASLBs) for large‐scale energy‐storage applications have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their superior safety. However, the electrochemical performance of bulk‐type ASLBs is critically limited by the low ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes (SEs) and poor ionic contact between the active materials and SEs. Herein, highly conductive (0.14 mS cm−1) and dry‐air‐stable SEs (Li4SnS4) are reported, which are prepared using a scalable aqueous‐solution process. An active material (LiCoO2) coated by solidified Li4SnS4 from aqueous solutions results in a significant improvement in the electrochemical performance of ASLBs. Side‐effects of the exposure of LiCoO2 to aqueous solutions are minimized by using predissolved Li4SnS4 solution.
Laboratory Accuracy Improvement in the UK NEQAS Leucocyte Immunophenotyping Immune Monitoring Program: An Eleven‐Year Review via Longitudinal Mixed Effects Modeling
Authors: Bainbridge John , Rountree Wes , Louzao Raul , Wong John , Whitby Liam , Denny Thomas N. , Barnett David 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service (UK NEQAS) for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping Immune Monitoring Programme, provides external quality assessment (EQA) to non‐U.S. laboratories affiliated with the NIH NIAID Division of AIDS (DAIDS) clinical trials networks. Selected laboratories are required to have oversight, performance monitoring, and remediation undertaken by Immunology Quality Assessment (IQA) staff under the DAIDS contract. We examined whether laboratory accuracy improves with longer EQA participation and whether IQA remediation is effective.MethodsLaboratory accuracy, defined by the measurement residuals from trial sample medians, was measured on four outcomes: both CD4+ absolute counts (cells/μL) and percentages; and CD8+ absolute counts (cells/μL) and percentages. Three laboratory categories were defined: IQA monitored (n = 116), United Kingdom/non‐DAIDS (n = 137), and non‐DAIDS/non‐UK (n = 1034). For absolute count outcomes, the groups were subdivided into single platform and dual platform users.ResultsIncreasing EQA duration was found to be associated with increasing accuracy for all groups in all four lymphocyte subsets (P < 0.0001). In the percentage outcomes, the typical IQA group laboratory improved faster than laboratories from the other two groups (P < 0.005). No difference in the overall rate of improvement was found between groups for absolute count outcomes. However, in the DPT subgroup the IQA group ultimately showed greater homogeneity.ConclusionsEQA participation coupled with effective laboratory monitoring and remedial action is strongly associated with improved laboratory accuracy, both incrementally and in the proportion of laboratories meeting suggested standards. Improvement in accuracy provides more reliable laboratory information facilitating more appropriate patient treatment decisions. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Time course of the effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in two phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials in adults with binge‐eating disorder
Authors: McElroy Susan L. , Hudson James I. , Gasior Maria , Herman Barry K. , Radewonuk Jana , Wilfley Denise , Busner Joan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the time course of efficacy‐related endpoints for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) versus placebo in adults with protocol‐defined moderate to severe binge‐eating disorder (BED).MethodsIn two 12‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies, adults meeting DSM‐IV‐TR BED criteria were randomized 1:1 to receive placebo or dose‐optimized LDX (50 or 70 mg). Analyses across visits used mixed‐effects models for repeated measures (binge eating days/week, binge eating episodes/week, Yale‐Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Binge Eating [Y‐BOCS‐BE] scores, percentage body weight change) and chi‐square tests (Clinical Global Impressions—Improvement [CGI‐I; from the perspective of BED symptoms] scale dichotomized as improved or not improved). These analyses were not part of the prespecified testing strategy, so reported p values are nominal (unadjusted and descriptive only).ResultsLeast squares mean treatment differences for change from baseline in both studies favored LDX over placebo (all nominal p values <  .001) starting at Week 1 for binge eating days/week, binge‐eating episodes/week, and percentage weight change and at the first posttreatment assessment (Week 4) for Y‐BOCS‐BE total and domain scores. On the CGI‐I, more participants on LDX than placebo were categorized as improved starting at Week 1 in both studies (both nominal p values <  .001). Across these efficacy‐related endpoints, the superiority of LDX over placebo was maintained at each posttreatment assessment in both studies (all nominal p values <  .001).DiscussionIn adults with BED, LDX treatment appeared to be associated with improvement on efficacy measures as early as 1 week, which was maintained throughout the 12‐week studies.
Phylogeography of a widespread small carnivore, the western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis) reveals temporally variable signatures of isolation across western North America
Authors: Ferguson Adam W. , McDonough Molly M. , Guerra Gema I. , Rheude Margaret , Dragoo Jerry W. , Ammerman Loren K. , Dowler Robert C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe analyzed phylogeographic patterns in the western spotted skunk, Spilogale gracilis Merriam, 1890 (Carnivora: Mephitidae) in relation to historical events associated with Pre‐Pleistocene Divergence (PPD) and Quaternary climate change (QCC) using mitochondrial DNA from 97 individuals distributed across Western North America. Divergence times were generated using BEAST to estimate when isolation in putative refugia occurred. Patterns and timing of demographic expansion was performed using Bayesian skyline plot. Putative climatic refugia resulting from Quaternary climate change were identified using paleoecological niche modeling and divergence dates compared to major vicariant events associated with Pre‐Pleistocene conditions. We recovered three major mitochondrial clades corresponding to western North America (California, Baja, and across the Great Basin), east‐central North America (Texas, central Mexico, New Mexico), and southwestern Arizona/northwestern Mexico. Time to most recent common ancestor for S. gracilis occurred ~1.36 Ma. Divergence times for each major clade occurred between 0.25 and 0.12 Ma, with signature of population expansion occurring 0.15 and 0.10 Ma. Ecological niche models identified three potential climatic refugia during the Last Interglacial, (1) west coast of California and Oregon, (2) northwestern Mexico, and (3) southern Texas/northeastern Mexico as well as two refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum, (1) western USA and (2) southern Texas/northeastern Mexico. This study supports PPD in shaping species‐level diversity compared to QCC‐driven changes at the intraspecific level for Spilogale, similar to the patterns reported for other small mammals (e.g., rodents and bats). Phylogeographic patterns also appear to have been shaped by both habitat and river vicariance, especially across the desert southwest. Further, continuing climate change during the Holocene coupled with anthropogenic modifications during the Anthropocene appears to be removing both of these barriers to current dispersal of western spotted skunks.
Population structure in chicory (Cichorium intybus): A successful U.S. weed since the American revolutionary war
Authors: Závada Tomáš , Malik Rondy J. , Kesseli Rick V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPlant invasions are recognized as major drivers of ecosystem change, yet the precise cause of these invasions remains unknown for many species. Frequency and modes of introductions during the first, transport and colonization, stages of the invasion process as well as phenotypic changes due to plasticity or changing genetic diversity and adaptation during later establishment and expansion stages can all influence the “success” of invasion. Here, we examine some of these factors in, and the origin of, a very successful weed, Cichorium intybus (chicory) which was introduced to North America in the 18th century and which now can be found in all 48 continental U.S. states and much of Canada. We genotyped a Eurasian collection of 11 chicory cultivars, nine native populations and a North American collection of 20 introduced wild populations which span the species range (592 individuals in total). To detect the geographic sources of North American chicory populations and to assess the genetic diversity among cultivars, native, and introduced populations, we used both a sequenced cpDNA region and 12 nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR), microsatellite loci. Four cpDNA haplotypes were identified and revealed clear geographic subdivisions in the chicory native range and an interspecific hybrid origin of Radicchio group. Nuclear data suggested that domesticated lines deliberately introduced to North America were major contributors to extant weedy populations, although unintended sources such as seed contaminants likely also played important roles. The high private allelic richness and novel genetic groups were detected in some introduced populations, suggesting the potential for local adaptation in natural sites such as deserts and nature reserves. Our findings suggest that the current populations of weedy U.S. chicory have evolved primarily from several sources of domesticated and weedy ancestors and subsequent admixture among escaped lineages.
Weather, hydroregime, and breeding effort influence juvenile recruitment of anurans: implications for climate change
Authors: Greenberg C. H. , Zarnoch S. J. , Austin J. D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAmphibians that primarily breed in ephemeral wetlands are especially vulnerable to climate change because they rely on rainfall or temperature to initiate breeding and create suitable hydroregimes (water duration, timing, frequency, depth) for reproductive success. Hydroregime effects on reproductive success are likely to differ among species because of differences in reproductive strategies: the length and timing of breeding period, rate of larval development, and timing of metamorphosis. We applied an information‐theoretic approach to 22 consecutive years of continuous amphibian trapping data at eight ephemeral wetlands to test hypotheses regarding environmental (hydroregime, weather) and biological (adult breeding effort) factors affecting juvenile recruitment (JR) by six focal species representing four reproductive strategies. We hypothesized that (1)JRby species with similar reproductive strategies would be influenced by similar variables; (2)JRwould be higher for all species when models encompassed the maximum time span of potential tadpole occurrence and development; and (3)JRrates within individual wetlands and breeding cycles would correlate most closely between species with similar breeding strategies. The best model for all focal species (exceptScaphiopus holbrookii) encompassed the maximum time span and indicated that ≥1 hydroregime variable, total precipitation, or both were important drivers of reproductive success; average air temperature was not. Continuous hydroperiod through peak juvenile emigration was an important predictor ofJRfor species with prolonged breeding periods, slow larval development, and a “fixed” late spring start date for juvenile emigration (regardless of when oviposition occurred, or cohort age;Lithobates capito,Lithobates sphenocephalus), but not for species with rapid larval development and continual emigration as cohorts complete metamorphosis (Anaxyrus terrestris, Anaxyrus quercicus, Gastrophryne carolinensis, S. holbrookii). Total rainfall was positively associated with recruitment for most species; depth characteristics affected species differently. AnnualJRwas positively correlated among species with similar reproductive strategies. Our results indicate that weather and hydroregime characteristics interact with reproductive strategies that differ among amphibian species and influence reproductive plasticity, opportunity, and success. Effects of altered weather patterns associated with climate change on amphibian reproductive success may correspond more closely among species having similar reproductive strategies, with critical implications for population trends and assemblages.
Marine Socio‐Environmental Covariates: queryable global layers of environmental and anthropogenic variables for marine ecosystem studies
Authors: Yeager Lauren A. , Marchand Philippe , Gill David A. , Baum Julia K. , McPherson Jana M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBiophysical conditions, including climate, environmental stress, and habitat availability, are key drivers of many ecological processes (e.g., community assembly and productivity) and associated ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and fishery production). Furthermore, anthropogenic impacts such as coastal development and fishing can have drastic effects on the structure and function of marine ecosystems. Scientists need to account for environmental variation and human impacts to accurately model, manage, and conserve marine ecosystems. Although there are many types of environmental data available from global remote sensing and open‐source data products, some are inaccessible to potential end‐users because they exist as global layers in high temporal and spatial resolutions which require considerable computational power to process. Additionally, coastal locations often suffer from missing data or data quality issues which limit the utility of some global marine products for coastal sites. Herein we present the Marine Socio‐Environmental Covariates dataset for the global oceans, which consists of environmental and anthropogenic variables summarized in ecologically relevant ways. The dataset includes four sets of environmental variables related to biophysical conditions (net primary productivity models corrected for shallow‐water reflectance, wave energy including sheltered‐coastline corrections) and landscape context (coral reef and land cover within varying radii). We also present two sets of anthropogenic variables, human population density (within varying radii) and distance to large population center, which can serve as indicators of local human impacts. We have paired global, summarized layers available for download with an online data querying platform that allows users to extract data for specific point locations with finer control of summary statistics. In creating these global layers and online platform, we hope to make the data accessible to a wide array of end‐users with the goal of advancing marine ecosystem studies.
Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments for Binge‐Eating Disorder: Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Peat Christine M. , Berkman Nancy D. , Lohr Kathleen N. , Brownley Kimberly A. , Bann Carla M. , Cullen Katherine , Quattlebaum Mary J. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPsychological and pharmacological interventions for binge‐eating disorder have previously demonstrated efficacy (compared with placebo or waitlist control); thus, we aimed to expand that literature with a review of comparative effectiveness. We searched MEDLINE,® EMBASE,® Cochrane Library, Academic OneFile, CINAHL® for binge‐eating disorder treatment articles and selected studies using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were sufficient for network meta‐analysis comparing two pharmacological interventions; psychological interventions were analysed qualitatively. In all, 28 treatment comparisons were included in this review: one pharmacological comparison (second‐generation antidepressants versus lisdexamfetamine) and 26 psychological comparisons. Only three statistically significant differences emerged: lisdexamfetamine was better at increasing binge abstinence than second‐generation antidepressants; therapist‐led cognitive behavioural therapy was better at reducing binge‐eating frequency than behavioural weight loss, but behavioural weight loss was better at reducing weight. The majority of other treatment comparisons revealed few significant differences between groups. Thus, patients and clinicians can choose from several effective treatment options. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Physical‐layer intrusion detection system for smart jamming attacks
Authors: Yousaf Awais , Loan Asim , Babiceanu Radu F. , Yousaf Onaiza 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn modern electronic warfare, physical‐layer security threats have evolved from traditional jammers to smart jammers. Smart jammers, due to their stealthy nature, make wireless communication systems vulnerable. They can easily deceive a detection system. In this paper, a physical‐layer intrusion detection system (PLIDS) for direct‐sequence spread‐spectrum systems is developed against smart jammers, which is efficient due to its high detection rates, usability, and accuracy. Smart jamming noise is modeled as wide‐sense stationary, additive, and colored. This random process is decomposed into a series expansion of independent and uncorrelated random variables. The decomposition helps in designing a signal processing algorithm for PLIDS. The algorithm is easily implemented via correlators. PLIDS is evaluated using a simulated electronic warfare environment, and its performance is measured in terms of detection capability, precision, and accuracy. It performs error‐free detection by adjusting its tuning parameter. Moreover, different performance tradeoffs are observed for different values of the tuning parameter. Finally, comparisons of PLIDS are done with competitive intrusion detection systems.