bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between oral health habits and dental caries among children in Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Authors: Tarvonen P‐L , Suominen AL , Yang GS , Ri YS , Sipilä K 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the self‐reported oral health habits and their association with the occurrence of dental caries among children in Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), after 6 years of activities under the auspices of the Children's Oral Health Promotion Programme (COHPP).MethodsThe data were collected in September 2013 in two of the most central districts of Pyongyang City, DPRK. The sample consisted of 492 children aged 10 and 13 years who had participated in the COHPP for 6 years. The children filled in a self‐completed, structured questionnaire on oral health habits and were examined clinically by a dentist. The differences in mean (SD) number of decayed primary (dt) and permanent teeth (DT) and their sum (dt + DT) subdivided according to genders, age groups, districts and self‐reported oral health habits were evaluated using Mann–Whitney U‐test. The associations between self‐reported oral health habits and the occurrence of dental caries were evaluated with chi‐square test and logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe school‐aged children commonly reported healthy oral hygiene habits but sweet snacks were commonly used. The occurrence of dental caries associated statistically significantly with the frequency of sweet snacking (p=0.011) but not with the frequency of tooth brushing (p=0.725) or the use of water for thirst instead of sugary beverages (p=0.189).ConclusionA more effective promotion of healthy dietary habits with innovative approaches and close collaboration with different social actors will be needed in future.
Dielectric Characteristics of UV‐Curable CaCu3Ti4O12 Composite Thick Film Capacitors on Cu Foils
Authors: Choi Hong Rak , Sekhar Koppole , Jo Ah Ra , Cho Yong Soo 
Published: May 2016

Dielectric composite thick films containing a high dielectric constant CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) filler in a UV‐cured polymer matrix were investigated as flexible planar capacitors on Cu foils. Dielectric performance depended on the volume fraction and size of CCTO particles dispersed in the cured polymer matrix. As a result, the thick films containing 33.3 vol.% CCTO with an average particle size of 0.47 μm exhibited a dielectric constant of ~80 and a dielectric loss of ~0.06 at 10 kHz. The effective medium theory model incorporating a morphology fitting parameter has been proven to be most close to the experimental values.
Teaching by (bad) example: what a confused attempt to “advance” EBM reveals about its underlying problems: commentary on Jenicek, M. (2015). Do we need another discipline in medicine? From epidemiology and evidence‐based medicine to cognitive medicine and medical thinking. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 21:1028‐1034
Authors: Loughlin Michael , Wyer Peter , Tanenbaum Sandra J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractProfessor Jenicek's paper is confused in that his proposal to ‘integrate’ what he means by ‘evidence‐based scientific theory and cognitive approaches to medical thinking’ actually embodies a contradiction. But, although confused, he succeeds in teaching us more about the EBM debate than those who seem keen to forge ahead without addressing the underlying epistemological problems that Jenicek brings to our attention. Fundamental questions about the relationship between evidence, knowledge and reason still require resolution if we are to see a genuine advance in this debate.
Depressive Symptoms and Orthostatic Hypotension Are Risk Factors for Unexplained Falls in Community‐Living Older People
Authors: Menant Jasmine C. , Wong Alfred K. W. , Trollor Julian N. , Close Jacqueline C. T. , Lord Stephen R. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate risk factors for unexplained falls in older community‐dwelling individuals.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingCommunity population, Sydney, Australia.ParticipantsOlder adults (N = 529; mean age 79.8 ± 4.4, 52.2% female).MeasurementsParticipants provided information demographic, medical, and medication characteristics and completed cardiovascular (tilt table test, pulse wave velocity), cognitive, and sensorimotor assessments at baseline. Falls were then recorded in monthly fall diaries for 12 months. Unexplained fallers (UFs) were those who reported falls due to a blackout, dizziness, feeling faint, or “found themselves suddenly on the ground.”ResultsOf the 523 participants available at follow‐up, 238 (45.5%) reported one or more falls; 35 participants fulfilled the definition of UFs. UFs were more likely than balance‐related fallers (BFs) (n = 203) and nonfallers (n = 291) to have orthostatic hypotension (39.4%, 20.5% and 22.4%, respectively) and depressive symptoms (24.2%, 10.1%, and 7.9% respectively). More UFs (88.6%) than BFs (70.9%) had injurious falls. A multivariate logistic regression model revealed that depressive symptoms and orthostatic hypotension were significant and independent determinants of UF status.ConclusionApproximately 15% of fallers had unexplained falls, which were more likely to result in injuries. Depressive symptoms and orthostatic hypotension increased the risk of unexplained falls, whereas cognitive deficits and sensorimotor and balance impairments did not. Future research should investigate whether psychotherapy and physical exercise to improve mood and medication reviews and nonpharmacological therapies for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension and depression are effective at reducing the risk of unexplained falls in older people.
Effect of transarterial embolization for post‐partum hemorrhage on subsequent pregnancy
Authors: Nakamura Yuko , Aoki Shigeru , Takebayashi Shigeo , Hirahara Fumiki 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough pregnancy after transarterial embolization (TAE) has occasionally been reported, gelatin sponge was used as the embolic agent in most of these cases. Reports on the effect of TAE with permanent embolic agents such as N‐butyl cyanoacrylate or coil on subsequent pregnancies are rare. We describe placenta accreta associated with difficult hemostasis in two patients who became pregnant after TAE with permanent embolic agents. In pregnancy after TAE with permanent embolic agents, placenta accreta occurs frequently and well‐developed collateral vessels are highly likely, resulting in difficult hemostasis. Although the acceptability of pregnancy after TAE with permanent embolic agents is controversial, patients should be informed that pregnancy is extremely high risk.
Susceptibility‐Weighted Imaging of Glioma: Update on Current Imaging Status and Future Directions
Authors: Hsu Charlie Chia‐Tsong , Watkins Trevor William , Kwan Gigi Nga Chi , Haacke E. Mark 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTSusceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) provides invaluable insight into glioma pathophysiology and internal tumoral architecture. The physical contribution of intratumoral susceptibility signal (ITSS) may correspond to intralesional hemorrhage, calcification, or tumoral neovascularity. In this review, we present emerging evidence of ITSS for assessment of intratumoral calcification, grading of glioma, and factors influencing the pattern of ITSS in glioblastoma. SWI phase imaging assists in identification of intratumoral calcification that aids in narrowing the differential diagnosis. Development of intratumoral calcification posttreatment of glioma serves as an imaging marker of positive therapy response. Grading of tumors with ITSS using information attributed to microhemorrhage and neovascularity in SWI correlates with MR perfusion parameters and histologic grading of glioma and enriches preoperative prognosis. Quantitative susceptibility mapping may provide a means to discriminate subtle calcifications and hemorrhage in tumor imaging. Recent data suggest ITSS patterns in glioblastoma vary depending on tumoral volume and sublocation and correlate with degree of intratumoral necrosis and neovascularity. Increasingly, there is a recognized role of obtaining contrast‐enhanced SWI (CE‐SWI) for assessment of tumoral margin in high‐grade glioma. Significant higher concentration of gadolinium accumulates at the border of the tumoral invasion zone as seen on the SWI sequence; this results from contrast‐induced phase shift that clearly delineates the tumor margin. Lastly, absence of ITSS may aid in differentiation between high‐grade glioma and primary CNS lymphoma, which typically shows absence of ITSS. We conclude that SWI and CE‐SWI are indispensable tools for diagnosis, preoperative grading, posttherapy surveillance, and assessment of glioma.
Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri requires the outer membrane porin OprB for maximal virulence and biofilm formation
Authors: Ficarra Florencia A. , Grandellis Carolina , Galván Estela M. , Ielpi Luis , Feil Regina , Lunn John E. , Gottig Natalia , Ottado Jorgelina 
Published: May 2016

SummaryXanthomonas citri ssp. citri (Xcc) causes canker disease in citrus, and biofilm formation is critical for the disease cycle. OprB (Outer membrane protein B) has been shown previously to be more abundant in Xcc biofilms compared with the planktonic state. In this work, we showed that the loss of OprB in an oprB mutant abolishes bacterial biofilm formation and adherence to the host, and also compromises virulence and efficient epiphytic survival of the bacteria. Moreover, the oprB mutant is impaired in bacterial stress resistance. OprB belongs to a family of carbohydrate transport proteins, and the uptake of glucose is decreased in the mutant strain, indicating that OprB transports glucose. Loss of OprB leads to increased production of xanthan exopolysaccharide, and the carbohydrate intermediates of xanthan biosynthesis are also elevated in the mutant. The xanthan produced by the mutant has a higher viscosity and, unlike wild‐type xanthan, completely lacks pyruvylation. Overall, these results suggest that Xcc reprogrammes its carbon metabolism when it senses a shortage of glucose input. The participation of OprB in the process of biofilm formation and virulence, as well as in metabolic changes to redirect the carbon flux, is discussed. Our results demonstrate the importance of environmental nutrient supply and glucose uptake via OprB for Xcc virulence.
The Wage Inflation‐Unemployment Curve at the Macroeconomic Level
Authors: López‐Villavicencio Antonia , Saglio Sophie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBased on the reduced form New Keynesian Wage Phillips Curve, we estimate wage rigidity and indexation at the aggregate level in several advanced countries for the 1985–2014 period. We document that the wage setting process is heterogenous among our sample of countries: nominal wage rigidities are more important in the United States, while wage indexation is dominant in European Countries. We also present evidence that indexation to past inflation has decrease as inflation stabilizes at lower levels. In addition, our results suggest that wage rigidity is not linked to the institutional environment at the macroeconomic level. Finally, we show that there is significant time variation in the estimated coefficients on the implied equation that is usually not taken into account in the theoretical literature.
Defibrillation Testing Strategies of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Electrophysiologists during ICD Implantation
Authors: BAYSA SHERRIE JOY A. , OLEN MELISSA , KANTER RONALD J. , FISHBERGER STEVEN B. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundRecently, there has been an increasing number of internal medicine‐trained electrophysiologists who choose not to test for acute defibrillation efficacy during implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation. It is not known whether this same trend is seen in pediatric electrophysiologists, who care primarily for patients with congenital heart disease or primary electrical problems.MethodsThrough a 14‐question survey created on Survey Monkey, we asked the members of the Pediatric and Adult Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES) for their approach to ICD implantation. In particular, respondents were asked for their individual practice preferences on testing for acute defibrillation efficacy, including methods used for testing.ResultsThere were 108 survey respondents. Thirty‐nine percent test acute defibrillation efficacy at all implants, while 46% test in most patients, barring any clinical concerns. Another 14% routinely test during initial ICD system implants but not during generator changes with existing leads. Less than 1% of respondents do not routinely test acute defibrillation efficacy.ConclusionsThe practice preferences of pediatric electrophysiologists in evaluating for acute defibrillation efficacy during ICD implants are in contrast to the recent trend in their internal medicine‐trained counterparts. More studies are needed to determine if practice changes should be considered in the pediatric and adult congenital patient population.
Molecular phylogeny, morphology and toxigenicity of Ostreopsis cf. siamensis (Dinophyceae) from temperate south‐east Australia
Authors: Verma Arjun , Hoppenrath Mona , Harwood Tim , Brett Steve , Rhodes Lesley , Murray Shauna 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Ostreopsis is a genus of dinoflagellates that includes species producing palytoxin and structurally related compounds. The distribution of Ostreopsis species in Australia is largely unknown, but they have been reported from north Queensland (18°
S) to Tasmania (41–43°
S). Ostreopsis spp. have been recurrently reported from estuaries around New South Wales, with persistent occurrences in Merimbula Lake inlet throughout the year. We isolated and characterized a strain of Ostreopsis cf. siamensis using light and scanning electron microscopy as well as molecular sequences of small subunit (SSU), large subunit (LSU) and ITS regions of ribosomal DNA. The strain grew significantly faster in low nutrient concentrations. Palytoxin‐like compounds were produced by the strain, as determined by chemical analysis, and the LD
50 of the cell extract by intraperitoneal injection in mice was 25.1 mg kg−1. This is the first comprehensive molecular, morphological and toxicological study of an Ostreopsis species from Australian waters. Increasing reports of Ostreopsis from temperate waters suggest an empirical need to expand the knowledge of their diversity and distribution to aid aquaculture monitoring in Australian estuaries.
Bioinformatics‐Driven New Immune Target Discovery in Disease
Authors: Yang C. , Chen P. , Zhang W. , Du H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBiomolecular network analysis has been widely applied in the discovery of cancer driver genes and molecular mechanism anatomization of many diseases on the genetic level. However, the application of such approach in the potential antigen discovery of autoimmune diseases remains largely unexplored. Here, we describe a previously uncharacterized region, with disease‐associated autoantigens, to build antigen networks with three bioinformatics tools, namely NetworkAnalyst, GeneMANIA and ToppGene. First, we identified histone H2AX as an antigen of systemic lupus erythematosus by comparing highly ranked genes from all the built network‐derived gene lists, and then a new potential biomarker for Behcet's disease, heat shock protein HSP 90‐alpha (HSP90AA1), was further screened out. Moreover, 130 confirmed patients were enrolled and a corresponding enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, mass spectrum analysis and immunoprecipitation were performed to further confirm the bioinformatics results with real‐world clinical samples in succession. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of multiple molecular network approaches is a promising tool to discover new immune targets in diseases.
A new Method for Processing Time Averaged Vibration Patterns: Linear Regression
Authors: Somers P. A. A. M. , Bhattacharya N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSpeckle‐based interferometry systems are useful tools for measuring vibration patterns at harmonically vibrating objects. The standard method for processing the speckle patterns acquired is to eliminate additive background noise and speckle phase, yielding Bessel‐type fringe patterns whose values are proportional to the absolute value of the Bessel function. Fringes are covered by multiplicative speckle intensity noise on the Bessel‐modulated vibration amplitude. Sine–cosine filtering is not an option because the Bessel‐type fringe pattern is not a phase pattern, and thus, sine–cosine filtering would only degrade the results. Improvements can be reached by involving additional measurements acquired in the stationary state. An alternative method for processing vibration patterns using linear regression is proposed, yielding patterns where the vibration amplitude is an argument of a true Bessel function, not its absolute value. As a result, spatial frequencies of the vibration fringe pattern are only half of those obtained with standard methods, and results can be filtered and normalised conveniently. While other contributions to improve the results rely on determining indexed skeletons for high Bessel fringe densities, the proposed method aims at a very limited number of low‐order fringes, allowing demodulation of the Bessel fringe pattern based on the actual Bessel values in the pattern. The method provides an effective alternative for spatial filtering. Phase differences between the stationary and vibrating states have an adverse effect on the results. Two methods, capable of handling phase jumps of 2π in the phase difference distribution, are presented to correct this.
Inhibition of the Arabidopsis bHLH transcription factor by monomerization through abscisic acid‐induced phosphorylation
Authors: Takahashi Yohei , Kinoshita Toshinori , Matsumoto Masaki , Shimazaki Ken‐ichiro 
Published: May 2016

SummaryWe have demonstrated that the Arabidopsis basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor, ABA‐responsive kinase substrate 1 (AKS1; also known as FLOWERING BHLH 3, FBH3), enhances K+ channel expression in guard cells leading to stomatal opening. The expression is suppressed by ABA‐induced phosphorylation of AKS1. Here we show that the phosphorylation results in the monomerization of AKS1 multimers and inhibits AKS1 binding to DNA. AKS1 forms homo‐multimers which dissociate following phosphorylation. Replacement of a critical amino acid in the bHLH domain inhibited multimer formation and decreased the binding of AKS1 to DNA. The monomerization was elicited via phosphorylation at three serine residues, which is mediated by SNF1‐related protein kinase 2.6 (SnRK2.6), in the vicinity of bHLH domain. Furthermore, ABA induced the phosphorylation‐dependent release of AKS1 from DNA, thereby suppressing transcriptional activity in vivo. Our results document a mechanism that inhibits gene expression by phosphorylation of a bHLH transcription factor.
Long‐term follow‐up of renal function assessing serum cystatin C in dogs with diabetes mellitus or hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Marynissen Sofie J. J. , Smets Pascale M. Y. , Ghys Liesbeth F. E. , Paepe Dominique , Delanghe Joris , Galac Sara , Meyer Evelyne , Lefebvre Hervé P. , Daminet Sylvie 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundSerum cystatin C (sCysC) is used as biomarker for glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on renal function in dogs are unclear. Some renal variables have been evaluated in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), but notsCysC.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was the validation of a particle‐enhanced nephelometric immunoassay (PENIA) for measuring caninesCysC, and to assess renal function in dogs withDMorHAC.MethodsAPENIAwas analytically validated for caninesCysC by determining imprecision and linearity. In a longitudinal 6‐month study, renal function of 14DMdogs was assessed, using serum creatinine,GFR, urinary protein‐to‐creatinine (UPC) ratio, urinary markers, systolic blood pressure (SBP), andsCysC, and compared to 17 healthy dogs at baseline. Furthermore,sCysC was measured at initial presentation and during a 12‐month follow‐up in 22HACdogs.ResultsThesCysC intra‐ and inter‐assay variation coefficients were < 8% and highly linear (r= .997). About 33% and 67% ofDMdogs had persistent proteinuria and systemic hypertension, respectively, but there were no significant differences inGFR,UPC, and urinary markers over time, and compared with healthy dogs at initial presentation. Serum CysC decreased significantly (P< .05) over time within theDMgroup. It did not change significantly over time within theHACgroup.ConclusionsA PENIA measuredsCysC linearly and precisely. There were no clinically relevant renal alterations over time in dogs withDM, although persistent proteinuria was observed. In dogs withHAC,sCysC measurement was not useful, although significantGFRchanges occurred over time.
Magnetoencapsulated human islets xenotransplanted into swine: a comparison of different transplantation sites
Authors: Arifin Dian R. , Valdeig Steffi , Anders Robert A. , Bulte Jeff W.M. , Weiss Clifford R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe fate of magnetically labeled, barium‐gelled alginate/protamine sulfate/alginate microcapsules (APSA magnetocapsules) following xenotransplantation was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology.MethodsMagnetocapsules with and without human islets were transplanted into five different clinically accessible sites: portal vein, subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, the liver and the kidney subcapsular space. The surface of APSA magnetocapsules was modified using clinical‐grade heparin to mitigate an instant blood‐mediated inflammatory reaction.ResultsThe accuracy of site‐specific delivery was confirmed using a clinical 1.5T MRI setup, where the magnetocapsules appeared as distinct hypointense entities after transplantation. As proven by the Lee‐White blood coagulation test, heparin‐treated APSA magnetocapsules did not induce blood clotting for more than 48 h in vitro. Heparinized magnetocapsules induced innate and adaptive immune responses in vivo regardless of the transplantation sites.ConclusionWe have demonstrated the feasibility of using a clinical 1.5T MRI to non‐invasively detect the accuracy of APSA magnetocapsule injection into various clinically accessible transplantation sites. Among the investigated transplantation sites, the liver and kidney subcapsular space were found to be the least immuno‐responsive toward xenografted magneto‐encapsulated human islets.