bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cavitating Bubbles in Condensing Gas as a Means of Forming Clumps, Chondrites, and Planetesimals
Authors: Chiang E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Vaporized metal, silicates, and ices on the verge of recondensing into solid or liquid particles appear in many contexts: behind shocks, in impact ejecta, and within the atmospheres and outflows of stars, disks, planets, and minor bodies. We speculate that a condensing gas might fragment, forming overdensities within relative voids, from a radiation–condensation instability. Seeded with small thermal fluctuations, a condensible gas will exhibit spatial variations in the density of particle condensates. Regions of higher particle density may radiate more, cooling faster. Faster cooling leads to still more condensation, lowering the local pressure. Regions undergoing runaway condensation may collapse under the pressure of their less condensed surroundings. Particle condensates will compactify with collapsing regions, potentially into macroscopic bodies (planetesimals). As a first step toward realizing this hypothetical instability, we calculate the evolution of a small volume of condensing silicate vapor—a spherical test “bubble” embedded in a background medium whose pressure and radiation field are assumed fixed for simplicity. Such a bubble condenses and collapses upon radiating its latent heat to the background, assuming that its energy loss is not stopped by background irradiation. Collapse speeds can range up to sonic, similar to cavitation in terrestrial settings. Adding a noncondensible gas like hydrogen to the bubble stalls the collapse. We discuss whether cavitation can provide a way for millimeter-sized chondrules and refractory solids to assemble into meteorite parent bodies, focusing on CB/CH chondrites whose constituent particles likely condensed from silicate/metal vapor released from the most energetic asteroid collisions.
Analyzing the Sequence of Phases Leading to the Formation of the Active Region 13664, with Potential Carrington-like Characteristics
Authors: Romano P. , Elmhamdi A. , Marassi A. , Contarino and L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Several recurrent X-class flares from Active Region (AR) 13664 triggered a severe G5-class geomagnetic storm between 2024 May 10 and 11. The morphology and compactness of this AR closely resemble the AR responsible for the famous Carrington Event of 1859. Although the induced geomagnetic currents produced a value of the Dst index, probably 1 order of magnitude weaker than that of the Carrington Event, the characteristics of AR 13664 warrant special attention. Understanding the mechanisms of magnetic field emergence and transformation in the solar atmosphere that lead to the formation of such an extensive, compact, and complex AR is crucial. Our analysis of the emerging flux and horizontal motions of the magnetic structures observed in the photosphere reveals the fundamental role of a sequence of emerging bipoles at the same latitude and longitude, followed by converging and shear motions. This temporal order of processes frequently invoked in magnetohydrodynamic models—emergence, converging motions, and shear motions—is critical for the storage of magnetic energy preceding strong solar eruptions that, under the right timing, location, and direction conditions, can trigger severe space weather events on Earth.
Jovian Vortex Hunter: A Citizen Science Project to Study Jupiter’s Vortices
Authors: Sankar Ramanakumar , Brueshaber Shawn , Fortson Lucy , Hansen-Koharcheck Candice , Lintott Chris , Mantha Kameswara , Nesmith Cooper , Orton Glenn S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Jovian atmosphere contains a wide diversity of vortices, which have a large range of sizes, colors, and forms in different dynamical regimes. The formation processes for these vortices are poorly understood, and aside from a few known, long-lived ovals, such as the Great Red Spot and Oval BA, vortex stability and their temporal evolution are currently largely unknown. In this study, we use JunoCam data and a citizen science project on Zooniverse to derive a catalog of vortices, some with repeated observations, from 2018 May to 2021 September, and we analyze their associated properties, such as size, location, and color. We find that different-colored vortices (binned as white, red, brown, and dark) follow vastly different distributions in terms of their sizes and where they are found on the planet. We employ a simplified stability criterion using these vortices as a proxy, to derive a minimum Rossby deformation length for the planet of ∼1800 km. We find that this value of L

d
is largely constant throughout the atmosphere and does not have an appreciable meridional gradient.
Community members’ perceptions of community health workers in Melusi, Tshwane, South Africa
Authors: Madzivhandila Rebaone K. , Ngcobo Sanele 
Published: September 2024

Background: Community health workers (CHWs) play an important role in health promotion through health campaigns and home visits, and provide linkage to care and support patient management. In the informal settlements, CHWs identify health challenges and help residents to access healthcare facilities.Aim: This study aimed to explore the perception held by the community members regarding CHWs’ contribution to health promotion in Melusi informal settlements within the Tshwane district.Setting: The study was conducted in Melusi informal settlement situated in Pretoria west in South Africa.Methods: Descriptive exploratory qualitative research methods were used, with open and closed-ended questions during individual interview sessions. Participants were purposefully selected in collaborating with the community leaders and using CHWs’ data to identify individuals with direct interaction with CHWs.Results: Participants praised CHWs’ communication skills, engagement strategies, and ability to provide valuable health services. Community members expected CHWs to provide healthcare services, educational support, advocacy for health issues and guidance on well-being. Barriers such as community resistance, a lack of privacy and difficulties in reaching households were noticed. However, CHWs were commended for their impact on well-being, offering health services, emergency support, food assistance and improved healthcare accessibility.Conclusion: The study indicates that community members have positive perceptions of CHWs. This highlights the significant role of CHWs in promoting health and well-being within the community.Contribution: This study provides insights into community perceptions of CHWs in informal settlements, emphasising their impact on community well-being. It provides a basis for their effectiveness and support in delivering health services in the informal settlement.
Unraveling the unexpected: A rare case of filariasis in chronic myeloid leukemia with a review of the literature
Authors: Kumar Nikhil , Mukherjee Gargi , Sinha Ranwir Kumar , Lakra Prima Shuchita , Lisa Mona , Barla Nidhi Priya Allie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Filariasis poses a significant public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions. Incidental occurrences of filariasis in peripheral smears among patients with hematological malignancies are rarely documented. Here, we report a case of chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase associated with Wuchereria bancrofti. This case report highlights the importance of meticulous examination of peripheral blood smears to detect microfilaria, even in the absence of clinical features commonly associated with filariasis, especially in patients from regions where the disease is prevalent.
Knowledge, attitude, and perceptions regarding organ donation and transplantation among medical students of a medical college of Delhi
Authors: Singh Sunil Kumar , Ahlawat Pooja , Singh Saudan , Jethani Sumit , Ratwani Karuna , Kamble Bhushan Dattatray 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Organ transplantation is a successful therapeutic option for patients with irreversible vital organ failures. Some patients with end-stage organ failure face this life-and-death situation.

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and perception of medical students regarding organ donation and transplantation.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, for 1 month. Data was entered and analyzed using the chi-square test in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.

Results:
Among the study participants, approximately 23.9% had inadequate knowledge about organ donation and transplantation. Analysis of knowledge with associated factors revealed that age and area of residence were statistically significantly associated (P < 0.001). Among the study participants, only 3.8% had signed up to be an organ donor, approximately 43.3% agreed to consider themselves as a kidney donor in future, 68.1% demonstrated a positive attitude toward organ donation and transplantation, and 28.2% had a neutral attitude.

Conclusion:
This study concludes with high-level knowledge and positive attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation, whereas only a few participants registered themselves as organ donor. A competency-based curriculum, combined with the integration of specific knowledge and orientation about organ donation and transplantation to medical students, bridged the gap of organ shortage in India.
Optimizing axial length measurement success in advanced cataract patients through pupil dilation
Authors: Bettach Emmanuel , Totah Hashem , Weill Yishay , Zadok David , Abulafia Adi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To evaluate the impact of pharmacologic pupil dilation on axial length (AL) measurement in patients with dense cataracts and previous failed AL measurements carried out without pupil dilation.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Methods:
All participants underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometry. Patients with unsuccessful AL measurements due to dense cataract underwent an additional SS-OCT biometric evaluation after pupil dilation, and the SS-OCT AL measurement was compared to the immersion ultrasound.

Results:
The study included 3668 eyes of 3668 patients who underwent SS-OCT between October 2021 and March 2023. Of them, 102 eyes (2.8%) had failed AL measurements because of dense cataract. Eighty-seven of those 102 eyes underwent a repeat SS-OCT biometric exam following pharmacologic pupil dilation, after which AL measurements were successfully achieved in 27 (31.0%) of the 87 eyes. These measurements were found to be consistent with immersion ultrasound, supporting the validity of SS-OCT biometer measurements post dilation.

Conclusions:
Pharmacologic pupil dilation improved the rate of successful SS-OCT biometrically measured AL in patients with failed AL measurement due to dense cataract.
Functional outcome and quality of life index after endonasal versus external dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Dave Rashmi A , Rath Suryasnata , Tripathy Devjyoti , Mahapatra Samir , Ali Mohd Hasnat 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To compare the functional outcome and quality of life (QOL) index following non-endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (NEN-DCR) and external dacryocystorhinostomy (EXT-DCR).

Methods:
Patients were prospectively allocated to two groups. All adult patients presenting with primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) undergoing EXT-DCR and NEN-DCR at a tertiary eye care center were included. Patients in one group underwent EXT-DCR and others NEN-DCR. Functional outcomes were measured by Munk Score and fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT). A validated quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) in the local language (Odiya) was used to measure health status (social impact score) before and 1 day, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months after surgery. The primary outcome measure was the functional outcome–Munk Score and secondary outcome measures included the QOL index and the FDDT.

Results:
A total of 110 patients were recruited and equally distributed (n = 55) in both groups. The mean age of the population was 47.6 years (SD = 14.02; range 20–79 years). The majority (71%, 79/110) were female. When longitudinally followed over time, functional outcome and QOL index showed reasonably rapid and marked improvement in both groups after surgery compared to baseline scores. The Munk score (P = 0.037) and QOL index (P = 0.007) were marginally better on the first postoperative day for the NEN-DCR group compared to EXT-DCR but comparable at all subsequent visits. At a median follow-up of 9 weeks (range: 0.5–24 weeks), the anatomical outcome was comparable between both groups.

Conclusion:
Our results demonstrate that functional outcome and QOL index show rapid and marked improvement in both NEN-DCR and EXT-DCR after surgery. NEN-DCR outcomes were marginally better on the first postoperative day but comparable to EXT-DCR thereafter.
Development and testing of a tool to assess parental care for children with mental illness (PCCMI)
Authors: Rajeswari Bingi , Govindan Radhakrishnan , Kommu John V. S. , Bhaskarapillai Binukumar 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Involving parents in mental health treatment services can empower parents to manage their child’s illness. We conducted this study to develop a tool to assess parental care for children with mental illness.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was conducted in five phases that included in-depth interviews with parents in the outpatient department (OPD), focus group discussions (FGDs) with parents in an in-patient setting, and with a multidisciplinary team, item development, and the assessment of psychometric properties of the tool.

Results:
Parental care for children with mental illness (PCCMI) has 50 items derived from a thematic analysis of in-depth interviews of 31 parents and 2 FGDs with eight parents admitted at CPC and eight mental health professionals experienced in child and adolescent psychiatry. It is a 5-point Likert scale. The tool showed a high item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI range: 0.8–1.0) and a high Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI = 0.91). The test–retest method was used to calculate reliability. A total of 38 parents were included in the test–retest method. The mother and father’s mean age and standard deviation (SD) scores were 39.7 ± 5.8 and 45.1 ± 4.9, respectively. Most parents’ education level is above graduation (mothers: 86.8% and fathers: 86%). Around 63% of mothers were housewives and had normal pregnancies. The single measure two-way mixed absolute agreement intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value for 38 subjects was 0.96 with a 95% confidence interval (CI: 0.90–0.95), indicating high reliability.

Conclusion:
PCCMI has high I-CVI and S-CVI and good ICC test–retest reliability. This tool will help mental health professionals in the formal assessment of parental care for children with mental illness and provide the intervention to address issues related to the same.
Understanding Consumer Needs in Relation to Food Hygiene Ratings in an Online Food Ordering Environment
Authors:   Ipsos
Published: September 2024

To help ensure there is a robust evidence base for any future proposed legislation requiring the online display of food hygiene ratings, the FSA commissioned Ipsos UK to undertake research among consumers to: 1. Explore specifically where FHRS should be placed online to maximise consumer awareness and use, as well as the best way to present the ratings so that consumers can access meaningful information to make informed choices. 2. Explore where consumers would like to see FHRS ratings displayed online. 3. Explore what consumers think about the current positioning and display of FHRS ratings online, including any misperceptions.
Educación forestal en el Perú y complejidad
Authors: Arce Rojas Rodrigo Severo 
Published: September 2024

El presente artículo trata de la revisión de la educación forestal en el Perú desde el enfoque de la complejidad. Se trata de un proceso de reflexión a partir de la participación en un proceso nacional de revisión de la política de bosques y de un proceso de revisión mundial de la educación forestal liderado por organizaciones internacionales. De la reflexión se concluye que el enfoque de la complejidad, desde las vertientes de ciencias de la complejidad y del pensamiento complejo, abren muchas posibilidades al sector forestal al incorporar una visión de sistemas complejos adaptativos y una perspectiva filosófica que le ayuda a encontrar el sentido a una educación forestal que a la fecha se había orientado fundamentalmente al aprovechamiento forestal y a la conservación de los bosques pero con un carácter fuertemente sectorial y disciplinario. Aunque en la práctica los profesionales forestales van adquiriendo la actitud interdisciplinaria todavía es incipiente este abordaje desde la educación forestal. La complejidad de la realidad obliga a los profesionales forestales a incursionar en otras perspectivas disciplinarias pero que no está suficientemente motivada desde la propia educación forestal que mantiene la tradición disciplinaria de la ciencia.
Forearc crustal faults as tsunami sources in the upper plate of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone: the case study of the Morne Piton fault system
Authors: Philippon Melody , Roger Jean , Lebrun Jean-Frédéric , Thinon Isabelle , Foix Océane , Mazzotti Stéphane , Gutscher Marc-André , Montheil Leny , Cornée Jean-Jacques 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. In this study, alternatively to the megathrust, we identify upper-plate normal faults orthogonal to the trench as a possible tsunami source along the Lesser Antilles subduction zone. The Morne Piton fault system is such a trench-perpendicular upper crustal fault at the latitude of Guadeloupe. By means of seismic reflection, high-resolution bathymetry, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) imaging and dating, we reassess the slip rate of the Morne Piton fault since 7 Ma, i.e., its inception, and quantify an average rate of 0.25 mm yr−1 since ca. 1.2 Ma. This result divides by two previous estimations, increases the earthquake time recurrence and lowers the associated hazard. The ROV dive revealed a metric scarp with striae at the toe of the Morne Piton fault system, suggesting a recent fault rupture. We estimate a fault rupture area of ∼ 450–675 km2 and then a magnitude range for a maximum seismic event around Mw 6.5 ± 0.5, making this fault potentially tsunamigenic as the nearby Les Saintes fault responsible for a tsunami following the 2004 Mw 6.3 earthquake. Consequently, we simulate a multi-segment tsunami model representative of a worst-case scenario if all the identified Morne Piton fault segments ruptured together. Our model provides clues for the potential impact of local tsunamis on the surrounding coastal area as well as for local bathymetric controls on tsunami propagation. We illustrate that (i) shallow-water plateaus act as secondary sources and are responsible for a wrapping of the tsunami waves around the island of Marie-Galante; (ii) canyons indenting the shallow-water plateau slope break focus and enhance the wave height in front of the most touristic and populated town of the island; and (iii) the resonance phenomenon is observed within the Les Saintes archipelago, showing that the waves' frequency content is able to perturb the sea level for many hours after the seismic rupture.
Feedback mechanisms controlling Antarctic glacial-cycle dynamics simulated with a coupled ice sheet–solid Earth model
Authors: Albrecht Torsten , Bagge Meike , Klemann Volker 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The dynamics of the ice sheets on glacial timescales are highly controlled by interactions with the solid Earth, i.e., the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). Particularly at marine ice sheets, competing feedback mechanisms govern the migration of the ice sheet's grounding line (GL) and hence the ice sheet stability. For this study, we developed a coupling scheme and performed a suite of coupled ice sheet–solid Earth simulations over the last two glacial cycles. To represent ice sheet dynamics we apply the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM), and to represent the solid Earth response we apply the 3D VIscoelastic Lithosphere and MAntle model (VILMA), which, in addition to load deformation and rotation changes, considers the gravitationally consistent redistribution of water (the sea-level equation). We decided on an offline coupling between the two model components. By convergence of trajectories of the Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation we determine optimal coupling time step and spatial resolution of the GIA model and compare patterns of inferred relative sea-level change since the Last Glacial Maximum with the results from previous studies. With our coupling setup we evaluate the relevance of feedback mechanisms for the glaciation and deglaciation phases in Antarctica considering different 3D Earth structures resulting in a range of load-response timescales. For rather long timescales, in a glacial climate associated with the far-field sea-level low stand, we find GL advance up to the edge of the continental shelf mainly in West Antarctica, dominated by a self-amplifying GIA feedback, which we call the “forebulge feedback”. For the much shorter timescale of deglaciation, dominated by the marine ice sheet instability, our simulations suggest that the stabilizing sea-level feedback can significantly slow down GL retreat in the Ross sector, which is dominated by a very weak Earth structure (i.e., low mantle viscosity and thin lithosphere). This delaying effect prevents a Holocene GL retreat beyond its present-day position, which is discussed in the scientific community and supported by observational evidence at the Siple Coast and by previous model simulations. The applied coupled framework, PISM–VILMA, allows for defining restart states to run multiple sensitivity simulations from. It can be easily implemented in Earth system models (ESMs) and provides the tools to gain a better understanding of ice sheet stability on glacial timescales as well as in a warmer future climate.
Líderes-folk nas práticas integrativas de saúde
Authors: Schmidt Cristina , De Camargo Oliva Thais 
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo versa sobre a inserção das tradicionais Benzedeiras nas atividades de saúde oferecidas aos segmentos comunitários, utilizando-se de recursos ancestrais, em conjunto com as ações oficiais de atendimento. Objetiva-se refletir sobre a religiosidade popular e o conhecimento ancestral com o processo de cura, o papel de líderes de folk neste processo. Ainda objetiva- se avaliar as relações que permeiam a coexistência entre as benzedeiras e o sistema oficial de saúde a partir da análise de algumas experiências de inserção das Benzedeiras em programas oficiais de saúde. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida pesquisa exploratória, com uma abordagem qualitativa, baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, em livros, periódicos, websites e estudo de ações que já estão em prática em algumas cidades e Estados, valendo-se do método dedutivo. Por derradeiro, constatou-se o reconhecimento do ato de benzer como Patrimônio Imaterial da Cultura, sendo necessário o fortalecimento das políticas públicas de reconhecimento dos saberes e fazeres coletivos das benzedeiras; importante também a validação desses agentes enquanto líderes na transmissão de conhecimentos por meio de suas práticas de benzimento para a saúde prestados de forma gratuita e solidária à comunidade em geral. A Convivência e Integração entre os métodos tradicionais de cura e os programas oficiais de saúde, permitem um avanço na luta contra as mais variadas formas de repressão e marginalização dos saberes tradicionais de cura, e ainda viabilizando a manutenção e repasse de tais conhecimentos.