bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of a paediatric emergency ruler with a digital algorithm for weight and age estimation
Authors: Both Ch. , Schmitz A. , Buehler P. K. , Wittwer J. , Weiss M. , Schmidt A. R. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundEmergency tapes like the “Paediatric‐Emergency‐Ruler” (PaedER) provide drug dosing and recommend medical airway equipment based on estimated patient bodyweight and age. Previous studies have revealed unsatisfactory accuracy in bodyweight estimation, due to the tapes′ length‐based weight categories. Therefore, we developed a digital algorithm allowing continuous length‐based estimation of weight and age. The aim of this study was to compare the new algorithm with the PaedER regarding accuracy in estimating bodyweight and recommendation of medical airway equipment.MethodsPatients with a body length suitable for the PaedER were included in this single centre, prospective clinical observation trial after obtaining informed written parental consent. Bodyweight estimations by the algorithm and PaedER within ± 10% and ± 20% of the actual bodyweight were compared. Furthermore, medical airway equipment suggested by the PaedER and algorithm were compared with the equipment actually used for anaesthesia. Wilcoxon‐ and McNemar‐Tests were used for statistical analysis. Results are median (interquartiles), P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsIn total, 489 patients aged 2.0 years (0.4–5.9), with a body length of 89.0 cm (63.5–114.5), weighing 12.8 kg (6.3–19.6), were included. The algorithm′s precision of bodyweight estimation within ± 10%/± 20% was significantly higher at 64.0%/91.6% than the PaedER at 55.4%/81.8% (P < 0.001). Compared to PaedER the algorithm showed a higher incidence of correctly recommended medical airway equipment based on its accuracy for age and bodyweight estimation.ConclusionThe new digital algorithm is an alternative to conventional emergency tapes, showing improved accuracy regarding length‐based estimation of bodyweight and recommendation of medical airway equipment.
Acute calming effects of alcohol are associated with disruption of the salience network
Authors: Gorka Stephanie M. , Phan K. Luan , Childs Emma 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe mood‐altering properties of alcohol are a key motivation for drinking, and people commonly report that they drink alcohol to alleviate stress or to relax. To date, the neural processes associated with the self‐reported calming effects of alcohol are not well understood. Existing data imply that alcohol may target and disrupt activity within anterior insula (aINS) and amygdala‐based neural networks, which are regions implicated in threat detection and anxious responding. The aims of the current study were (1) to examine the acute effect of alcohol upon functional connectivity within aINS and amygdala circuits and (2) to assess relationships between alcohol effects on functional connectivity and self‐reported subjective mood. Healthy men and women (N = 39) who reported regular binge drinking completed a within‐subjects, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment with i.v. infusions of either alcohol or placebo. Infusion profiles were personalized for each participant and raised breath alcohol concentration to 80 mg percent. Before, during and after infusions, participants rated their subjective mood (stimulation, sedation and calm). Results showed that alcohol dampened functional connectivity between bilateral aINS seed‐regions‐of‐interest and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), key nodes of the salience network. Additionally, the more that alcohol reduced right aINS‐dACC functional connectivity, the calmer participants felt during alcohol administration. Alcohol had no effect on amygdala functional connectivity. These findings suggest that alcohol disrupts aINS‐dACC functional connectivity, which may impair detection and appraisal of emotionally salient information and relate to acute relaxing effects of the drug.
Dried blood spots from finger prick facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring of adalimumab and anti‐adalimumab in patients with inflammatory diseases
Authors: Kneepkens Eva L. , Pouw Mieke F. , Wolbink Gerrit Jan , Schaap Tiny , Nurmohamed Michael T. , de Vries Annick , Rispens Theo , Bloem Karien 
Published: August 2017

AimsDevelopment of a self‐sampling method for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of biologicals will enhance TDM implementation in routine care and pharmacokinetic knowledge. The aim of this study was to compare adalimumab and anti‐adalimumab antibody (ADA) concentration measurements in dried blood spots (DBS) obtained from finger prick with measurements in serum obtained via venepuncture, from patients with rheumatic inflammatory diseases.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 161 consecutive patients were included. For clinical validation, DBS from finger prick and serum from venepuncture were collected simultaneously and adalimumab and ADA concentration were assessed by ELISA and antigen binding test (ABT), respectively. To convert DBS eluate results to values which can be compared to serum concentrations, five different methods were investigated, using a marker protein or a volumetric approach.ResultsAdalimumab and ADA concentrations obtained from the finger prick/DBS method correlated well with serum results from the same patient (correlation coefficient > 0.87). Interestingly, antibody concentrations (either adalimumab, ADA or total immunoglobulin G) in DBS from finger prick, but not albumin, were systematically lower compared to serum. Spike experiments demonstrated a quantitative recovery for all tested proteins in DBS, suggesting a slightly different protein composition of blood collected via finger prick vs. venepuncture. We established a correction factor to relate finger prick/DBS values with serum values (approximately 1.2).ConclusionsWe show here for the first time that adalimumab and ADA serum concentrations can be satisfactorily estimated by measuring concentrations in DBS eluates, collected by finger prick. This method offers great opportunity to simplify TDM of adalimumab.
N‐substituted hydroxynaphthalene imino‐oxindole derivatives as new class of PI3‐kinase inhibitor and breast cancer drug: Molecular validation and structure–activity relationship studies
Authors: Rajesh Kumar M. , Alagumuthu Manikandan , Violet Dhayabaran V. 
Published: August 2017

N‐substituted hydroxynaphthalene imino‐oxindole derivatives (5a–g) were emerged as the inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), which is a crucial regulator of apoptosis or programmed cell death. Electron donor‐/acceptor‐substituted indole‐imine (5a–g) was achieved, and the structures were elucidated by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. Inhibition potency of PI3Ks was assessed by competitive ELISA. Subsequently, an anticancer activity against breast cancer (MCF‐7) cell lines was evaluated. In both activities, compounds 5c, 5d and 5f showed most potent activities. Percentage inhibition for anticancer activity was 78.22 ± 1.02 (5c) and 78.98 ± 1.08 (5f), and the IC50 was 2.02 ± 0.92 μm (5c) and 1.98 ± 0.18 μm (5f). Compounds 5a and 5g were found inactive for both activities, and rest all showed a moderate activity. To get more insight into the binding mode and inhibitor binding affinity, 5a–g were docked into the active site of PI3Ks p110α (PDB ID: 2ENQ). Results suggested that the hydrophobic interactions in the binding pockets of PI3Ks conquered affinity of the most favourable binding ligands (5c and 5f: inhibitory constant (ki) = 102.4 and 128.23 nm). The SAR studies demonstrate the efficiency of 5a–g as the PI3Ks precise inhibitors with the impending to treat various cancers.
Utilization of eye health‐care services in Australia: the National Eye Health Survey
Authors: Foreman Joshua , Xie Jing , Keel Stuart , Taylor Hugh R , Dirani Mohamed 
Published: August 2017

AbstractImportanceNational data on eye health‐care service utilization will inform Australia's eye health policy.BackgroundTo investigate the utilization of eye health‐care services by Australians.DesignCross‐sectional survey.ParticipantsIndigenous Australians aged 40 years and older and non‐Indigenous Australians aged 50 years and older.MethodsOne thousand seven hundred thirty‐eight Indigenous Australians and 3098 non‐Indigenous Australians were recruited from 30 randomly selected sites, stratified by remoteness. Sociodemographic, ocular history and eye health‐care service utilization data were collected, and an eye examination was conducted.Main outcome measuresRecentness of eye examinations, types of providers used and associated risk factors.ResultsApproximately 67.0% of Indigenous Australians and 82.5% of non‐Indigenous Australians underwent an eye examination within the previous 2 years. Indigenous status (P < 0.001), male gender (P < 0.001), Outer Regional (P < 0.001) and Very Remote (P < 0.001) residence were associated with less recent examinations. Participants with >self‐reported eye disease or diabetes were most likely to have been examined within the past year (P < 0.001). For Indigenous Australians, older age was associated with recent eye testing (P = 0.001). Those with retinal disease and cataract were more likely to see an ophthalmologist (P < 0.001), and those with refractive error were more likely to see an optometrist (P < 0.001). In Regional Australia, non‐Indigenouspeople were more likely to see optometrists (P < 0.001), and Indigenous Australians were more likely to utilize other, non‐specialistservices (P < 0.001).Conclusions and relevanceEye examination frequency has improved in Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians compared with previous population‐based research. Further improvements are required in risk groups including Indigenous Australians and those living in Regional and Remote areas.
Perceptions of food quality: Evidence from a survey in Shanghai
Authors: Hansstein Francesca , Keqiang Wang , Hongmei Liu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecent food scandals in China significantly decreased the level of consumer trust toward the food chain, and, at the same time, increased the demand for food quality and safety. This paper investigated perceptions and determinants of food quality among a sample of households in Shanghai. Survey questionnaires were collected between June and December 2014, and a total of 509 interviews were completed. Questions asked about food purchasing behaviours, dietary habits, and the importance of food quality when food shopping. Socio‐demographic and socio‐economic variables were also collected. We used ordered logit regressions to investigate the most significant factors associated with food quality. We found that respondents who frequently bought vegetables were 31% more likely to look for quality attributes (p < .1) and respondents who often bought rice 28% more (p < .01). Branding was also positively associated with the demand for food quality. In particular, consumers considering brand an important element were 25% more likely to believe that the product was of high quality (p < .05). Among socio‐economic variables, higher income and education were significantly associated with food quality demand. Our results indicated that consumers in Shanghai paid increasing attention to food quality, and they especially associated it with traditional foods and brand. We suggested that policy makers and stakeholders in the food chain should strengthen food quality certification systems, and help consumers make better and more informed choices.
Skin diseases in indigenous population: retrospective epidemiological study at Xingu Indigenous Park (XIP) and review of the literature
Authors: Wu Jenifer S. A. , Florian Marcos C. , Rodrigues Douglas A. , Tomimori Jane 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundSkin diseases among indigenous populations have been poorly described in the literature. Risk factors linked to habits, cultural practices, genetics, and environmental characteristics can influence the frequency and clinical presentation of these diseases.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted through a review of dermatological medical records. Data were obtained over three visits to Xingu Indigenous Park (XIP). Main dermatoses were compared by gender, age, ethnicity, and village. Diseases were classified into four groups: infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, and other.ResultsOf the 398 patients included in the study, 54.2% were female. The participants ranged in age from 1 to 75 years (median, 10 years). The predominant ethnic group was Caiabi (49.7%), followed by Ikpeng (14.3%) and Kamaiurá (10.0%). The primary village studied was Diauarum, followed by Moigú and Morena. Infectious dermatoses were the most frequent (43.8%), followed by inflammatory (33.7%), neoplastic (15.5%), and other skin diseases (7.0%). Infectious diseases were predominant in Caiabi and Kamaiurá Indians, whereas inflammatory skin diseases were more frequent in Ikpeng and Juruna populations. We also observed a high frequency of malignancy in the Ikpeng and Trumai ethnic groups. Infectious skin diseases, except for fungal infections, were frequent in younger age groups. This trend was not replicated for neoplastic skin diseases. Uncommon dermatoses such as Heck's disease, lichen striatus, and aquagenic urticaria were also observed. Jorge Lobo's disease was not included in this analysis.ConclusionImproved knowledge of the distribution of common dermatoses among different ethnic groups and villages in XIP will aid in the prevention of skin infections and skin cancer. This improved knowledge will also allow the development of skin disease guidelines that can help local indigenous health professionals.
Professional identity and the Clinical Research Nurse: A qualitative study exploring issues having an impact on participant recruitment in research
Authors: Tinkler Linda , Smith Victoria , Yiannakou Yan , Robinson Lisa 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore the experiences of Clinical Research Nurses, with an emphasis on factors that may have an impact on successful study delivery.BackgroundThe Clinical Research Nurse workforce is pivotal to improving health outcomes through supporting research‐active health economies. Investment in research infrastructure has led to nurses and midwives increasingly undertaking extended roles to deliver clinical research. Despite such opportunities, the recruitment of sufficient participants into research studies remains problematic. A growing body of literature is exploring barriers to successful study delivery, indicating the emergence of a caring‐recruiting dichotomy in clinical research staff.DesignThis qualitative study investigates the experiences of Clinical Research Nurses delivering research in the United Kingdom National Health Service.MethodsFour Focus groups (total 19 participants) were conducted in a large North East National Health Service Foundation Trust from November 2015 ‐ February 2016.FindingsThematic analysis identified perceptions of the role in the wider context of professional identity. Role transition, altered relationships and workload complexity, affected participants’ practice, leading to inconsistency between core clinical values and perceived identities as research delivery staff. A duty of care as patient advocates contrasted elements of the work reflecting that of salespeople. The emotional labour of approaching patients and unease regarding peer perceptions of the Clinical Research Nurse role, affected the positive aspects of research delivery.ConclusionProfessional‐identity and self‐concept appear to have an impact on practice in a research delivery role. Further research should explore these issues further, to enlighten the basis on which such feelings are positioned and to work towards practical solutions.
Problems and solutions for patients with fibromyalgia: Building new helping relationships
Authors: Montesó‐Curto Pilar , García‐Martinez Montserrat , Romaguera Sara , Mateu María Luisa , Cubí‐Guillén María Teresa , Sarrió‐Colas Lidia , Llàdser Anna Núria , Bradley Stephen , Panisello‐Chavarria María Luisa 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify the main biological, psychological and sociological problems and potential solutions for patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia by use of Group Problem‐Solving Therapy.BackgroundGroup Problem‐Solving Therapy is a technique for identifying and solving problems, increasing assertiveness, self‐esteem and eliminating negative thoughts.DesignQualitative phenomenological interpretive design: Group Problem‐Solving Therapy sessions conducted with patients suffering fibromyalgia were studied; participants recruited via the Rheumatology Department at a general hospital and associations in Catalonia, Spain with sessions conducted in nearby university setting.MethodsThe study included 44 people diagnosed with fibromyalgia (43 female, 1 male) from 6 Group Problem‐Solving Therapy sessions. Data collected from March–June 2013.A total of 24 sessions were audio recorded, all with prior informed consent. Data were transcribed and then analysed in accordance with established methods of inductive thematic analysis, via a process of reduction to manage and classify data.FindingsFive themes were identified: (1) Current problems are often related to historical trauma; (2) There are no “one size fits all” solutions; (3) Fibromyalgia is life‐changing; (4) Fibromyalgia is widely misunderstood; (5) Statistically Significant impacts on physical, psychological and social are described.ConclusionThe majority of patients’ problems were associated with their previous history and the onset of fibromyalgia; which may be related to trauma in adolescence, early adulthood or later. The solutions provided during the groups appeared to be accepted by the participants.These findings can improve the self‐management of fibromyalgia patients by helping to enhance adaptive behaviours and incorporating the female gender approach.
Peripheral perfusion and oxygenation in areas of risk of skin integrity impairment exposed to pressure patterns. A phase I trial (POTER Study)
Authors: García‐Mayor Silvia , Morilla‐Herrera Juan Carlos , Lupiáñez‐Pérez Inmaculada , Kaknani Uttumchandani Shakira , León Campos Álvaro , Aranda‐Gallardo Marta , Moya‐Suárez Ana Belén , Morales‐Asencio José Miguel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to analyse the change in peripheral oxygenation and microvascular flow in tissues subjected to different pressure regimes in healthy subjects and in hospitalized patients.BackgroundThe presence of pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients is a common complication that has a negative impact on health and often prolongs hospital stay and increases healthcare costs.DesignExperimental non‐controlled, non‐randomized study in two phases: pre‐clinical and clinical.MethodsThe pre‐clinical phase will be conducted in healthy volunteers and the clinical phase, in patients at risk of impaired skin integrity. Vascular flow, tissue oxygenation and local temperature in areas at risk of pressure ulcers will be evaluated by Doppler laser in subjects lying on a capacitive surface to measure pressure at 10,249 points. Different levels of pressure will be generated by changes in body position and changes in tissue perfusion and oxygenation will be monitored for up to 4 hours, to determine the implications for repositioning interventions in patients at risk. This study was funded in July 2015. The protocol is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02736838).DiscussionPressure ulcer is a significant and complex health problem in long‐term bedridden patients and there is currently no effective treatment or efficient prevention method. The information provided by our study will provide an accurate assessment of different thresholds for the onset of damage to the skin, associated with different body positions and pressure levels.Trial RegistrationThe protocol is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02736838).
Theta‐ and alpha‐power enhancements in the electroencephalogram as an auditory delayed match‐to‐sample task becomes impossibly difficult
Authors: Wisniewski Matthew G. , Thompson Eric R. , Iyer Nandini 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecent studies have related enhancements of theta‐ (∼4–8 Hz) and alpha‐power (∼8–13 Hz) to listening effort based on parallels between enhancement and task difficulty. In contrast, nonauditory works demonstrate that, although increases in difficulty are initially accompanied by increases in effort, effort decreases when a task becomes so difficult as to exceed one's ability. Given the latter, we examined whether theta‐ and alpha‐power enhancements thought to reflect effortful listening show a quadratic trend across levels of listening difficulty from impossible to easy. Listeners (n = 14) performed an auditory delayed match‐to‐sample task with frequency‐modulated tonal sweeps under impossible, difficult (at ∼70.7% correct threshold), and easy (well above threshold) conditions. Frontal midline theta‐power and posterior alpha‐power enhancements were observed during the retention interval, with greatest enhancement in the difficult condition. Independent component‐based analyses of data suggest that theta‐power enhancements stemmed from medial frontal sources at or near the anterior cingulate cortex, whereas alpha‐power effects stemmed from occipital cortices. Results support the notion that theta‐ and alpha‐power enhancements reflect effortful cognitive processes during listening, related to auditory working memory and the inhibition of task‐irrelevant cortical processing regions, respectively. Theta‐ and alpha‐power dynamics can be used to characterize the cognitive processes that make up effortful listening, including qualitatively different types of listening effort.
The speech act of ‘offers’ in Irish English
Authors: BARRON ANNE 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis article takes a variational pragmatic approach to investigating language use in Ireland by focusing on the speech act of ‘offers’ in Irish English as compared to those in British English. Using comparable Irish and British components of the International Corpus of English, the analysis centres on the offer strategies and strategy realisations employed in these offers. The study highlights the need for corpus analyses of speech acts to include a fine‐grained qualitative analysis, particularly in light of the fact that findings reveal the distribution of offer topic to differ across the Irish and British corpora and also offer realisations to differ by topic.