bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling human neuronal catecholaminergic pigmentation in rodents recapitulates age-related neurodegenerative deficits
Authors: Laguna Ariadna , Peñuelas Núria , Gonzalez-Sepulveda Marta , Nicolau Alba , Arthaud Sébastien , Guillard-Sirieix Camille , Lorente-Picón Marina , Compte Joan , Miquel-Rio Lluís , Xicoy Helena , Liu Jiong , Parent Annabelle , Cuadros Thais , Romero-Giménez Jordi , Pujol Gemma , Giménez-Llort Lydia , Fort Patrice , Bortolozzi Analia , Carballo-Carbajal Iria , Vila Miquel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOne key limitation in developing effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases is the lack of models accurately mimicking the complex physiopathology of the human disease. Humans accumulate with age the pigment neuromelanin inside neurons that synthesize catecholamines. Neurons reaching the highest neuromelanin levels preferentially degenerate in Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and apparently healthy aging individuals. However, this brain pigment is not taken into consideration in current animal models because common laboratory species, such as rodents, do not produce neuromelanin. Here we generate a tissue-specific transgenic mouse, termed tgNM, that mimics the human age-dependent brain-wide distribution of neuromelanin within catecholaminergic regions, based on the constitutive catecholamine-specific expression of human melanin-producing enzyme tyrosinase. We show that, in parallel to progressive human-like neuromelanin pigmentation, these animals display age-related neuronal dysfunction and degeneration affecting numerous brain circuits and body tissues, linked to motor and non-motor deficits, reminiscent of early neurodegenerative stages. This model could help explore new research avenues in brain aging and neurodegeneration.
Deuteration removes quantum dipolar defects from KDP crystals
Authors: Yang Bingjia , Xie Pinchen , Car Roberto 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDielectric properties of the hydrogen-bonded ferroelectric crystal KH2PO4 (KDP) differ significantly from those of KD2PO4 (DKDP). It is well established that deuteration affects the interplay of hydrogen-bond switches and heavy ion displacements that underlie the emergence of macroscopic polarization, but a detailed microscopic model is missing. We show that all-atom path integral molecular dynamics simulations can predict the isotope effects, revealing the microscopic mechanism that differentiates KDP and DKDP. Proton tunneling generates phosphate configurations that do not contribute to the polarization. At low temperatures, these quantum dipolar defects are substantial in KDP but negligible in DKDP. These intrinsic defects explain why KDP has lower spontaneous polarization and transition entropy than DKDP. The prominent role of quantum fluctuations in KDP is related to the unusual strength of the hydrogen bonds and should be equally important in other crystals of the KDP family, which exhibit similar isotope effects.
A core in a star-forming disc as evidence of inside-out growth in the early Universe
Authors: Baker William M. , Tacchella Sandro , Johnson Benjamin D. , Nelson Erica , Suess Katherine A. , D’Eugenio Francesco , Curti Mirko , de Graaff Anna , Ji Zhiyuan , Maiolino Roberto , Robertson Brant , Scholtz Jan , Alberts Stacey , Arribas Santiago , Boyett Kristan , Bunker Andrew J. , Carniani Stefano , Charlot Stephane , Chen Zuyi , Chevallard Jacopo , Curtis-Lake Emma , Danhaive A. Lola , DeCoursey Christa , Egami Eiichi , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Endsley Ryan , Hausen Ryan , Helton Jakob M. , Kumari Nimisha , Looser Tobias J. , Maseda Michael V. , Puskás Dávid , Rieke Marcia , Sandles Lester , Sun Fengwu , Übler Hannah , Williams Christina C. , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Witstok Joris 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The physical processes that establish the morphological evolution and the structural diversity of galaxies are key unknowns in extragalactic astrophysics. Here we report the finding of the morphologically mature galaxy JADES-GS+53.18343−27.79097, which existed within the first 700 million years of the Universe’s history. This star-forming galaxy with a stellar mass of 400 million solar masses consists of three components: a highly compact core with a half-light radius of less than 100 pc, an actively star-forming disc with a radius of about 400 pc and a star-forming clump, all of which show distinctive star-formation histories. The central stellar mass density of this galaxy is within a factor of 2 of the most massive present-day ellipticals, while being globally 1,000 times less massive. The radial profile of the specific star-formation rate is rising towards the outskirts. This evidence suggests a detection of the inside-out growth of a galaxy as a proto-bulge and a star-forming disc in the epoch of reionization.
An ontology-based text mining dataset for extraction of process-structure-property entities
Authors: Durmaz Ali Riza , Thomas Akhil , Mishra Lokesh , Murthy Rachana Niranjan , Straub Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile large language models learn sound statistical representations of the language and information therein, ontologies are symbolic knowledge representations that can complement the former ideally. Research at this critical intersection relies on datasets that intertwine ontologies and text corpora to enable training and comprehensive benchmarking of neurosymbolic models. We present the MaterioMiner dataset and the linked materials mechanics ontology where ontological concepts from the mechanics of materials domain are associated with textual entities within the literature corpus. Another distinctive feature of the dataset is its eminently fine-grained annotation. Specifically, 179 distinct classes are manually annotated by three raters within four publications, amounting to 2191 entities that were annotated and curated. Conceptual work is presented for the symbolic representation of causal composition-process-microstructure-property relationships. We explore the annotation consistency between the three raters and perform fine-tuning of pre-trained language models to showcase the feasibility of training named entity recognition models. Reusing the dataset can foster training and benchmarking of materials language models, automated ontology construction, and knowledge graph generation from textual data.
Towards transforming malaria vector surveillance using VectorBrain: a novel convolutional neural network for mosquito species, sex, and abdomen status identifications
Authors: Li Deming , Hegde Shruti , Sunil Kumar Aravind , Zacharias Atul , Mehta Parthvi , Mukthineni Venkat , Srimath Satwik , Patel Sunny , Suin Maitreya , Chellappa Rama , Acharya Soumyadipta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMalaria is a major public health concern, causing significant morbidity and mortality globally. Monitoring the local population density and diversity of the vectors transmitting malaria is critical to implementing targeted control strategies. However, the current manual identification of mosquitoes is a time-consuming and intensive task, posing challenges in low-resource areas like sub-Saharan Africa; in addition, existing automated identification methods lack scalability, mobile deployability, and field-test validity. To address these bottlenecks, a mosquito image database with fresh wild-caught specimens using basic smartphones is introduced, and we present a novel CNN-based architecture, VectorBrain, designed for identifying the species, sex, and abdomen status of a mosquito concurrently while being efficient and lightweight in computation and size. Overall, our proposed approach achieves 94.44±2% accuracy with a macro-averaged F1 score of 94.10±2% for the species classification, 97.66±1% accuracy with a macro-averaged F1 score of 96.17±1% for the sex classification, and 82.20±3.1% accuracy with a macro-averaged F1 score of 81.17±3% for the abdominal status classification. VectorBrain running on local mobile devices, paired with a low-cost handheld imaging tool, is promising in transforming the mosquito vector surveillance programs by reducing the burden of expertise required and facilitating timely response based on accurate monitoring.
Ferrimagnetic Tb/Co multilayers patterned by ion bombardment as substrates for magnetophoresis
Authors: Urbaniak Maciej , Kiphart Daniel , Matczak Michał , Stobiecki Feliks , Chaves-O’Flynn Gabriel David , Kuświk Piotr 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIon bombardment with 30 keV Ga+ ions can locally change the magnetic properties of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy ferrimagnetic Tb/Co based multilayers. The induced changes in the effective magnetization create high gradients of magnetic fields in the proximity of the perimeters of the bombarded areas. Superparamagnetic, micrometer-sized beads floating in an aqueous suspension over such a patterned structure respond to the ensuing magnetostatic energy landscape. This landscape, and its associated forces on the beads, can be controlled with a time varying, external, homogeneous magnetic field. It is shown that with a 3.37 kA/m (approx. 4.2 mT) field and switching the direction at 10 Hz frequencies the beads can be driven with average forward velocities reaching 40 $$\mu$$
μ
m/s. This has the potential for use in lab-on-a-chip type assays.
Low-cost fabrication methods of ZnO nanorods and their physical and photoelectrochemical properties for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Bakry Mabrouk , Ismail Walid , Abdelfatah Mahmoud , El-Shaer Abdelhamid 
Published: October 2024

AbstractZinc Oxide (ZnO) nanorods have great potential in several applications including gas sensors, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells because of their unique properties. Here, three low cost and ecofriendly techniques were used to produce ZnO nanorods on FTO substrates: hydrothermal, chemical bath deposition (CBD), and electrochemical deposition (ECD). This study explores the impact of such methods on the optical, structural, electrical, morphological, and photoelectrochemical properties of nanorods using various measurements. XRD analysis confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO nanorods in all three methods, with hydrothermal showing a preferred orientation (002) and CBD and ECD samples showing multiple growth directions, with average particle sizes of 31 nm, 34 nm, and 33 nm, respectively. Raman spectra revealed hexagonal Wurtzite structure of ZnO, with hydrothermal method exhibiting higher E2 (high) peak at 438 cm−1 than CBD and ECD methods. SEM results revealed hexagonal ZnO nanorods became more regular and thicker for the hydrothermal method, while CBD and ECD led to less uniform with voids. UV-vis spectra showed absorption lines between 390 nm and 360 nm. Optical bandgap energies were calculated as 3.32 eV, 3.22 eV, and 3.23 eV for hydrothermal, CBD, and ECD samples, respectively. PL spectra revealed UV emission band with a small intensity peak around 389 nm and visible emission peaks at 580 nm. Temperature dependent PL measurements for ZnO nanorods indicated that the intensities ratio between bound exciton and free exciton decreases with temperature increases for the three methods. Photocurrent measurements revealed ZnO nanorod films as n-type semiconductors, with photocurrent values of 2.25 µA, 0.28 µA, and 0.3 µA for hydrothermal, CBD, and ECD samples, and photosensitivity values of 8.01, 2.79, and 3.56 respectively. Our results suggest that the hydrothermal method is the most effective approach for fabricating high-quality ZnO nanorods for optoelectronic applications.
Plasma bioactive adrenomedullin predicts mortality and need for dialysis in critical COVID-19
Authors: Johnsson Patrik , Sievert Theodor , Didriksson Ingrid , Friberg Hans , Frigyesi Attila 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCOVID-19 is a severe respiratory disease affecting millions worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) is a vasoactive hormone regulating the endothelial barrier and has been associated with COVID-19 mortality and other adverse events. This prospective cohort pilot study included 119 consecutive patients with verified SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to two intensive care units (ICUs) in Southern Sweden. Bio-ADM was retrospectively analysed from plasma on ICU admission, and days 2 and 7. Information on comorbidities, adverse events and mortality was collected. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality, and secondary outcomes were markers of disease severity. The association between bio-ADM and outcomes was analysed using survival analysis and logistic regression. Bio-ADM on admission, day 2, and day 7 only moderately predicted 90-day mortality in univariate and multivariate Cox regression. The relative change in bio-ADM between sample times predicted 90-day mortality better even when adjusting for the SAPS3 score, with an HR of 1.09 (95% CI 1.04–1.15) and a C-index of 0.82 (95% CI 0.72–0.92) for relative change between day 2 and day 7. Bio-ADM had a good prediction of the need for renal replacement therapy in multivariate Cox regression adjusting for creatinine, where day 2 bio-ADM had an HR of 3.18 (95% CI 1.21–8.36) and C-index of 0.91 (95% CI 0.87–0.96). Relative changes did not perform better, possibly due to a small sample size. Admission and day 2 bio-ADM was associated with early acute kidney injury (AKI). Bio-ADM on ICU admission, day 2 and day 7 predicted 90-day mortality and dialysis needs, highlighting bio-ADM’s importance in COVID-19 pathophysiology. Bio-ADM could be used to triage patients with a risk of adverse outcomes and as a potential target for clinical interventions.
Enhancing physicochemical properties of papaya through osmotic dehydration with various natural sweeteners
Authors: Kaur Damanpreet , Singh Manpreet , Zalpouri Ruchika , Kaur Preetinder , Gill Raminder Singh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOsmotic processes play a crucial role in developing high-quality intermediate moisture food products. This study investigates the role of osmotic dehydration focusing on using natural sweeteners to reduce health risks from refined sugar. Jaggery and honey were used for osmosis of papaya cubes, with a Box-Behnken design to determine optimal conditions: osmosis temperature (30, 40, 50 °C), osmotic solution concentration (40, 50, 60°Brix), and osmosis time (3, 4, 5 h). Simultaneous optimization of these parameters considered responses such as water loss, solid gain, weight reduction, colour change, ascorbic acid content, lycopene content, and phenolic content. The optimized conditions were identified as 49.46 °C, 40°Brix, and 5 h for jaggery osmosed samples and 39.64 °C, 60°Brix, and 4.92 h for honey osmosed samples. Drying the osmosed samples using advanced domestic solar dryer revealed superior quality (total phenolic content and lycopene content) in jaggery osmosed papaya compared to honey osmosed papaya. The study suggests that introducing a new osmotic agent, jaggery, can enhance the nutritional value of osmosed papaya cubes.
Impact of polyethylene microplastics exposure on kallikrein-3 levels, steroidal-thyroidal hormones, and antioxidant status in murine model: protective potentials of naringin
Authors: Kehinde Samuel Abiodun , Fatokun Tolulope Peter , Olajide Abosede Temitope , Praveena Sarva Mangala , Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen , Adekunle Adegbola Philip , Fouad Dalia , Papadakis Marios 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe widespread presence of microplastics in the environment has raised significant concerns regarding their potential impact on human and animal health. Among various microplastic types, polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) are particularly prevalent due to the extensive use in packaging and consumer products. Exploring the uncharted therapeutic potentials of naringin, this study delves into its mitigating effects on disruptions in kallikrein-3 levels, steroidal-thyroidal hormone balance, and antioxidant defense triggered by PE-MPs exposure, paving the way for novel interventions in environmental toxin-induced endocrine and oxidative stress disorders. Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were randomly grouped into four: Control, PE-MPs (1.5 mg/kg), PE-MPs + NAR (1.5 mg/kg PE-MPs + 100 mg/kg NAR), and NAR (100 mg/kg). Hormonal and antioxidant parameters were assessed after 28 days of exposure. PE-MPs exposure caused a significant increase(p < 0.005) in the level of kallikrein-3 (KLK-3) while it significantly reduces the levels of testosterone (TST), luteinizing hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and Free-triiodothyronine (fT3) and Total cholesterol (TChol) concentration. PE-MPs exposure also disrupted significantly (p < 0.005) antioxidant profile by down-regulating the activities of glutathione-S-transferase, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reducing levels of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA) while concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased relative to control. However, the mitigating potentials of naringin on disruptions in hormonal and antioxidant profiles caused by PE-MPs exposure were demonstrated, as NAR normalized KLK-3, steroid, and thyroid hormone levels, cholesterol concentration, and enhanced antioxidant defense. This suggests that NAR is a promising protective agent against endocrine and oxidative damage induced by environmental contaminants such as microplastics.
Brain hypoxia and metabolic crisis are common in patients with acute brain injury despite a normal intracranial pressure
Authors: Lund Anton , Madsen Anna Forsberg , Capion Tenna , Jensen Helene Ravnholt , Forsse Axel , Hauerberg John , Sigurðsson Sigurður Þor , Mathiesen Tiit Illimar , Møller Kirsten , Olsen Markus Harboe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPatients with acute brain injury are vulnerable to secondary deterioration, which may go undetected by traditional monitoring. However, multimodal neuromonitoring of brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) and energy metabolism may be able to detect such episodes. We report a retrospective, observational study of 94 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) or traumatic brain injury (TBI) who underwent multimodal neuromonitoring during admission. We examined the co-occurrence of pathological neuromonitoring values: elevated intracranial pressure (ICP, > 20 mmHg), inadequate cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP, < 60 mmHg), brain hypoxia (PbtO2 < 20 mmHg), and metabolic crisis (lactate/pyruvate ratio > 40 and a glucose level < 0.2 mmol/L in cerebral microdialysate). Mixed effects linear regression demonstrated significant associations between abnormal ICP/CPP, cerebral hypoxia and metabolic crisis. However, brain hypoxia occurred in 40% and 31% of observations in patients with SAH and TBI, respectively, despite normal concurrent values of ICP. Similarly, metabolic crisis was observed in 8% and 16% of measurements for SAH and TBI, respectively, despite a normal ICP. The pattern was identical for CPP. In conclusion, although all neuromonitoring variables are interrelated, brain hypoxia and metabolic crisis are common despite an absence of abnormalities in conventional monitoring. Multimodal neuromonitoring may help identify such episodes and guide individualised treatment.
EEG synchronization patterns during a Go/No-Go task in individuals with aphasia in subacute and chronic phases of stroke
Authors: Rogala Jacek , Choinski Mateusz , Szymaszek Aneta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStroke and subsequent neuroregenerative processes cause changes in neural organization of attentional functions. In this study, we attempted to identify differences in neural synchronization patterns during a visual Go/No-Go task in people with post-stroke aphasia in both subacute and chronic stroke phases. To identify neuronal underpinnings of the behavioral differences we investigated pairwise connectivity patterns using corrected imaginary phase locking value and graph-theoretic measures (efficiency, modularity and clustering coefficient) at global and local level in subacute (n = 13) and chronic stroke phases (n = 14) during a Go/No-Go task. We observed significantly lower phase synchronization in the Subacute Group in the alpha band in the connections spanning frontal and central areas of both hemispheres alongside lower local efficiency and clustering coefficient in the left frontal region. Additionally, we observed higher modularity in the beta band in the unaffected right parietal region in the Subacute Group which may denote inhibition of motor and attention functions. Those mechanisms could serve to align cognitive abilities between the damaged and healthy hemispheres, harmonizing the activity of the neuronal networks of both hemispheres disrupted by the effects of the stroke. Our findings have potential implications for rehabilitation therapies, which should take into account the pattern of connectivity changes during different phases of reovery.
Differential gut microbiota composition in β-Thalassemia patients and its correlation with iron overload
Authors: Nonejuie Poochit , Wilantho Alisa , McDonald Daniel , Htoo Htut Htut , Chalerm Jenjira , Tripathi Anupriya , Ngamphiw Chumpol , Tongsima Sissades , Knight Rob , Paiboonsukwong Kittiphong , Fucharoen Suthat 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent research highlights the significant impact of the gut microbiota on health and disease. Thalassemia, a hereditary blood disorder, requires regular blood transfusions, leading to an accumulation of iron in the body. Such changes could potentially alter the intestinal microbiota, thereby increasing the susceptibility of thalassemic patients to infection. In this study, we analyzed the fecal microbiota of 70 non-transfusion-dependent (NTDT) β-thalassemia/HbE patients and 30 healthy controls. Our findings indicate that iron chelation intervention had no detectable effect on the microbiome profile of thalassemic patients. However, the cross-sectional analysis revealed that the bacterial diversity and community structure in patients were significantly less diverse and distinct compared to those of healthy subjects. Using reference frames, we were also able to demonstrate that bacterial taxa that are known to produce short chain fatty acids, from the genera Alistipes, Coprococcus, and Oscillospira, and those from the family Ruminococcaceae, were less prevalent in the patients. In contrast, bacterial taxa associated with an unhealthy gut, including the genus Clostridium and those from the families Fusobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Peptostrptococcaceae, were more prevalent in patients and found to be correlated with higher levels of ferritin. Collectively, these changes in the microbiota could be regarded as markers of raised ferritin levels, and therefore, awareness should be exercised as they could interfere, albeit indirectly, with the treatment of the co-morbidities of thalassemia.
Unraveling the influence of defects in Janus MoSSe and Janus alloys MoS2(1−x)Se2x
Authors: Schmeink Jennifer , Osterfeld Jens , Kharsah Osamah , Sleziona Stephan , Schleberger Marika 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigate the effect of structural and substitutional defects in Janus MoSSe and the Janus alloys MoS2(1−x)Se2x by a comprehensive analysis. Distinct Raman signatures are associated with various defect types and densities, mirroring the evolution from MoSe2 to Janus alloys to ideal Janus MoSSe. By the corresponding stoichiometrical and structural changes, the band gap can be tuned from 1.50 eV up to 1.68 eV at room temperature. Electrical characterization in a field effect device uncovers the impact of defects on conductivity, mobility (up to 2.42 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1), and threshold voltages. A decrease of n-type doping of 5.3 × 1011 cm−2 in Janus MoSSe compared to the Janus alloy points towards an increased work function and a reduction of defects. Our findings deepen the understanding of defect physics in 2D Janus materials and pave the way for tailored defect engineering strategies for advanced (opto-)electronic applications.