bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased expression of proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens of compulsive methamphetamine taking rats
Authors: Cadet Jean Lud , Krasnova Irina N. , Walther Donna , Brannock Christie , Ladenheim Bruce , McCoy Michael T. , Collector Daniel , Torres Oscar V. , Terry Ndeah , Jayanthi Subramaniam 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAddiction is associated with neuroadaptive changes in the brain. In the present paper, we used a model of methamphetamine self-administration during which we used footshocks to divide rats into animals that continue to press a lever to get methamphetamine (shock-resistant) and those that significantly reduce pressing the lever (shock-sensitive) despite the shocks. We trained male Sprague-Dawley rats to self-administer methamphetamine (0.1 mg/kg/infusion) for 9 hours daily for 20 days. Control group self-administered saline. Subsequently, methamphetamine self-administration rats were punished by mild electric footshocks for 10 days with gradual increases in shock intensity. Two hours after stopping behavioral experiments, we euthanized rats and isolated nucleus accumbens (NAc) samples. Affymetrix Array experiments revealed 24 differentially expressed genes between the shock-resistant and shock-sensitive rats, with 15 up- and 9 downregulated transcripts. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed that these transcripts belong to classes of genes involved in nervous system function, behavior, and disorders of the basal ganglia. These genes included prodynorphin (PDYN) and proenkephalin (PENK), among others. Because PDYN and PENK are expressed in dopamine D1- and D2-containing NAc neurons, respectively, these findings suggest that mechanisms, which impact both cell types may play a role in the regulation of compulsive methamphetamine taking by rats.
A network-based phenotype mapping approach to identify genes that modulate drug response phenotypes
Authors: Cairns Junmei , Ung Choong Yong , da Rocha Edroaldo Lummertz , Zhang Cheng , Correia Cristina , Weinshilboum Richard , Wang Liewei , Li Hu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo better address the problem of drug resistance during cancer chemotherapy and explore the possibility of manipulating drug response phenotypes, we developed a network-based phenotype mapping approach (P-Map) to identify gene candidates that upon perturbed can alter sensitivity to drugs. We used basal transcriptomics data from a panel of human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) to infer drug response networks (DRNs) that are responsible for conferring response phenotypes for anthracycline and taxane, two common anticancer agents use in clinics. We further tested selected gene candidates that interact with phenotypic differentially expressed genes (PDEGs), which are up-regulated genes in LCL for a given class of drug response phenotype in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Our results indicate that it is possible to manipulate a drug response phenotype, from resistant to sensitive or vice versa, by perturbing gene candidates in DRNs and suggest plausible mechanisms regulating directionality of drug response sensitivity. More important, the current work highlights a new way to formulate systems-based therapeutic design: supplementing therapeutics that aim to target disease culprits with phenotypic modulators capable of altering DRN properties with the goal to re-sensitize resistant phenotypes.
Geographic Distributions in Hypertension Diagnosis, Measurement, Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control Rates among Middle-aged and Older Adults in China
Authors: Yin Minghui , Augustin Balekouzou , Fu Zhen , Yan Mingming , Fu Adan , Yin Ping 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHypertension is of public health importance in China, but information on geographic distribution on hypertension by map visualization is limited for middle-aged and older adults. Regional geographic variations remain unexplained. Our study is to present geographic distributions at the provincial level and identify provinces and municipalities with high hypertension diagnosis, measurement and prevalence rates and/or low awareness, treatment, control rates among aged 45+ adults in China. We used data collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (n = 13,583) of Chinese people aged 45 years or older. We used weighted rates for our analysis. The rates by provinces and municipalities were compared using map visualization, and explore the main factors of the disparity using ordinal logistic regression. Higher hypertension prevalence rates (56.3%) but lower hypertension awareness, treatment and control rates (37.3%, 21.1% and 14.9%, respectively) were observed in Guizhou. Shanghai and Beijing had the highest hypertension prevalence, awareness and treatment rates (65.0%, 87.8% and 80.0% for Shanghai, 57.5%, 88.6% and 77.5% for Beijing, respectively). Remarkable variations were observed among surveyed provinces and municipalities. Several Chinese regions show particularly higher prevalence rates and/or lack of hypertension awareness and poor control.
Food color is in the eye of the beholder: the role of human trichromatic vision in food evaluation
Authors: Foroni Francesco , Pergola Giulio , Rumiati Raffaella Ida 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNon-human primates evaluate food quality based on brightness of red and green shades of color, with red signaling higher energy or greater protein content in fruits and leafs. Despite the strong association between food and other sensory modalities, humans, too, estimate critical food features, such as calorie content, from vision. Previous research primarily focused on the effects of color on taste/flavor identification and intensity judgments. However, whether evaluation of perceived calorie content and arousal in humans are biased by color has received comparatively less attention. In this study we showed that color content of food images predicts arousal and perceived calorie content reported when viewing food even when confounding variables were controlled for. Specifically, arousal positively co-varied with red-brightness, while green-brightness was negatively associated with arousal and perceived calorie content. This result holds for a large array of food comprising of natural food - where color likely predicts calorie content - and of transformed food where, instead, color is poorly diagnostic of energy content. Importantly, this pattern does not emerged with nonfood items. We conclude that in humans visual inspection of food is central to its evaluation and seems to partially engage the same basic system as non-human primates.
Independent and collective roles of surface structures at different length scales on pool boiling heat transfer
Authors: Li Calvin H. , Rioux Russell P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSpherical Cu nanocavity surfaces are synthesized to examine the individual role of contact angles in connecting lateral Rayleigh-Taylor wavelength to vertical Kevin-Helmholtz wavelength on hydrodynamic instability for the onset of pool boiling Critical Heat Flux (CHF). Solid and porous Cu pillar surfaces are sintered to investigate the individual role of pillar structure pitch at millimeter scale, named as module wavelength, on hydrodynamic instability at CHF. Last, spherical Cu nanocavities are coated on the porous Cu pillars to create a multiscale Cu structure, which is studied to examine the collective role and relative significance of contact angles and module wavelength on hydrodynamic instability at CHF, and the results indicate that module wavelength plays the dominant role on hydrodynamic instability at CHF when the height of surface structures is equal or above ¼ Kelvin-Helmholtz wavelength. Pool boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC) enhancements on spherical Cu nanocavity surfaces, solid and porous Cu pillar surfaces, and the integrated multiscale structure have been investigated, too. The experimental results reveal that the nanostructures and porous pillar structures can be combined together to achieve even higher enhancement of HTC than that of individual structures.
To increase size or decrease density? Different Microcystis species has different choice to form blooms
Authors: Li Ming , Zhu Wei , Guo Lili , Hu Jing , Chen Huaimin , Xiao Man 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe buoyancy of Microcystis colonies is a principal factor determining blooms occurrence but the knowledge of seasonal variation in buoyancy is quite poor because of challenge in analysis method. In this study, a method based on the Stokes’ Law after researching on the effects of shapes on settling velocity of Microcystis colonies, whose gas vesicles were collapsed, to accurately measure density was established. The method was used in Lake Taihu. From January to May, mean density of Microcystis colonies decreased from 995 kg m−3 to 978 kg m−3 and then increased to 992 kg m−3 in December. The density of colonies in different Microcystis species was in the order M. wesenbergii > M. aeruginosa > M. ichthyoblabe. For all the Microcystis species, the density of colonies with gas vasicles increased significantly along with the increase of colony size. Our results suggested that the main driving factor of Microcystis blooms formation in Lake Taihu was low density for M. ichthyoblabe from May to July but was large colony size for M. wesenbergii and M. aeruginosa from August to October.
An anomalous interlayer exciton in MoS2
Authors: Azhikodan Dilna , Nautiyal Tashi , Shallcross Sam , Sharma Sangeeta 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe few layer transition metal dichalcogenides are two dimensional materials that have an intrinsic gap of the order of ≈2 eV. The reduced screening in two dimensions implies a rich excitonic physics and, as a consequence, many potential applications in the field of opto-electronics. Here we report that a layer perpendicular electric field, by which the gap size in these materials can be efficiently controlled, generates an anomalous inter-layer exciton whose binding energy is independent of the gap size. We show this originates from the rich gap control and screening physics of TMDCs in a bilayer geometry: gating the bilayer acts on one hand to increase intra-layer screening by reducing the gap and, on the other hand, to decrease the inter-layer screening by field induced charge depletion. This constancy of binding energy is both a striking exception to the universal reduction in binding energy with gap size that all materials are believed to follow, as well as evidence of a degree of control over inter-layer excitons not found in their well studied intra-layer counterparts.
Glycinergic dysfunction in a subpopulation of dorsal horn interneurons in a rat model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Imlach Wendy L. , Bhola Rebecca F. , Mohammadi Sarasa A. , Christie Macdonald J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe development of neuropathic pain involves persistent changes in signalling within pain pathways. Reduced inhibitory signalling in the spinal cord following nerve-injury has been used to explain sensory signs of neuropathic pain but specific circuits that lose inhibitory input have not been identified. This study shows a specific population of spinal cord interneurons, radial neurons, lose glycinergic inhibitory input in a rat partial sciatic nerve ligation (PNL) model of neuropathic pain. Radial neurons are excitatory neurons located in lamina II of the dorsal horn, and are readily identified by their morphology. The amplitude of electrically-evoked glycinergic inhibitory post-synaptic currents (eIPSCs) was greatly reduced in radial neurons following nerve-injury associated with increased paired-pulse ratio. There was also a reduction in frequency of spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs) and miniature IPSCs (mIPSC) in radial neurons without significantly affecting mIPSC amplitude. A subtype selective receptor antagonist and western blots established reversion to expression of the immature glycine receptor subunit GlyRα2 in radial neurons after PNL, consistent with slowed decay times of IPSCs. This study has important implications as it identifies a glycinergic synaptic connection in a specific population of dorsal horn neurons where loss of inhibitory signalling may contribute to signs of neuropathic pain.
Proteomic characterization of neuromelanin granules isolated from human substantia nigra by laser-microdissection
Authors: Plum Sarah , Steinbach Simone , Attems Johannes , Keers Sharon , Riederer Peter , Gerlach Manfred , May Caroline , Marcus Katrin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNeuromelanin is a complex polymer pigment found primarily in the dopaminergic neurons of humansubstantia nigra. Neuromelanin pigment is stored in granules including a protein matrix and lipid droplets. Neuromelanin granules are yet only partially characterised regarding their structure and function. To clarify the exact function of neuromelanin granules in humans, their enrichment and in-depth characterization from humansubstantia nigrais necessary. Previously published global proteome studies of neuromelanin granules in humansubstantia nigrarequired high tissue amounts. Due to the limited availability of human brain tissue we established a new method based on laser microdissection combined with mass spectrometry for the isolation and analysis of neuromelanin granules. With this method it is possible for the first time to isolate a sufficient amount of neuromelanin granules for global proteomics analysis from ten 10 μm tissue sections. In total 1,000 proteins were identified associated with neuromelanin granules. More than 68% of those proteins were also identified in previously performed studies. Our results confirm and further extend previously described findings, supporting the connection of neuromelanin granules to iron homeostasis and lysosomes or endosomes. Hence, this method is suitable for the donor specific enrichment and proteomic analysis of neuromelanin granules.
Hydrogen-bond potential for ice VIII-X phase transition
Authors: Zhang Xi , Chen Shun , Li Jichen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRepulsive force between the O-H bonding electrons and the O:H nonbonding pair within hydrogen bond (O-H:O) is an often overlooked interaction which dictates the extraordinary recoverability and sensitivity of water and ice. Here, we present a potential model for this hidden force opposing ice compression of ice VIII-X phase transition based on the density functional theory (DFT) and neutron scattering observations. We consider the H-O bond covalent force, the O:H nonbond dispersion force, and the hidden force to approach equilibrium under compression. Due to the charge polarization within the O:H-O bond, the curvatures of the H-O bond and the O:H nonbond potentials show opposite sign before transition, resulting in the asymmetric relaxation of H-O and O:H (O:H contraction and H-O elongation) and the H+ proton centralization towards phase X. When cross the VIII-X phase boundary, both H-O and O:H contract slightly. The potential model reproduces the VIII-X phase transition as observed in experiment. Development of the potential model may provide a choice for further calculations of water anomalies.
Graft versus self (GvS) against T-cell autoantigens is a mechanism of graft–host interaction
Authors: Mirza Nora , Zierhut Manfred , Korn Andreas , Bornemann Antje , Vogel Wichard , Schmid-Horch Barbara , Bethge Wolfgang A. , Stevanović Stefan , Salih Helmut R. , Kanz Lothar , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Haen Sebastian P. 
Published: November 2016

SignificanceAs the mechanism of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), recognition of the recipient’s body by donor immune cells was previously believed to be based on genetic and immunological differences between donor and recipient. However, evidence in murine models and in autologous HCT has shown that also autoimmunity contributes to GVHD. In this study, we show the development of auto-reactivity after human allogeneic HCT and characterize the specific self-epitopes of T cells that may contribute to mediation of GVHD. Such autoantigens have never been characterized before. These observations contribute to a better understanding of the immune responses that are activated following hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Statistics of natural reverberation enable perceptual separation of sound and space
Authors: Traer James , McDermott Josh H. 
Published: November 2016

Significance
Sounds produced in the world reflect off surrounding surfaces on their way to our ears. Known as reverberation, these reflections distort sound but provide information about the world around us. We asked whether reverberation exhibits statistical regularities that listeners use to separate its effects from those of a sound’s source. We conducted a large-scale statistical analysis of real-world acoustics, revealing strong regularities of reverberation in natural scenes. We found that human listeners can estimate the contributions of the source and the environment from reverberant sound, but that they depend critically on whether environmental acoustics conform to the observed statistical regularities. The results suggest a separation process constrained by knowledge of environmental acoustics that is internalized over development or evolution.
Neither justice nor charity? Kant on ‘general injustice’
Authors: Moran Kate A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe often make a distinction between what we owe as a matter of repayment, and what we give or offer out of charity. But how shall we describe our obligations to fellow citizens when we are in a position to be charitable because of a past injustice on the part of the state? This essay examines the moral implications of past injustice by considering Immanuel Kant’s remarks on this phenomenon in his lectures and writings. In particular, it discusses the role of the state and the individual in addressing the problem.
Relationships between the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factors and factors essential for lipoprotein production in a human mesenchymal stem cell line, UE7T-13
Authors: Sasaki Akira , Hiwatashi Kazuyuki , Kumagai Masanori , Hata Keishi , Kobayashi Masayuki 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
To clarify the mechanisms regulating lipoprotein production by hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs), we generated four kinds of transfectants in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: UE7T-13, stably expressing FOXA2 (also known as HNF3β), HNF4α, HNF1α or co-expressing HNF4α, and HNF1α (HNF4α/HNF1α). In HNF4α/HNF1α transfectants, cellular contents of triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol were markedly higher than in UE7T-13 cells and comparable to those in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. However, TG and cholesterol, which are secreted from cells as components of lipoproteins, were hardly detected in the medium for any of the transfectants. ApoB100 and MTP, which are essential for the formation and secretion of lipoproteins, were undetectable and detected at low levels, respectively, in HNF4α/HNF1α transfectants. We suggest that enforced co-expression of HNF4α and HNF1α is effective for cellular lipid accumulation, while additional factors are probably required for lipoprotein formation and secretion.
Modelling of preconditioning by blasting in block and panel caving
Authors: Catalan Alex , Onederra Italo 
Published: November 2016

This paper discusses the results of design and modelling work conducted to estimate the extent of preconditioning from the effect of multiple explosive charges detonated simultaneously within typical block and panel caving layouts. The analysis was conducted to support existing and future implementation strategies of both conventional and higher intensity preconditioning by blasting. The work builds upon research previously published by the authors that concerned the modelling of fracturing, disturbed and interaction zones in confined blasting. In this instance, the Hybrid Stress Blasting Model was used to determine the disturbed and interaction zones for several scenarios involving 3–6 hole layouts. Modelling configurations were divided into two groups: (1) blastholes drilled from the undercut level, and (2) blastholes drilled from both the extraction and undercut levels. The first group considered four design patterns, with the analysis focusing on assessing whether a mining design layout of 32 × 20 m, using inclined holes were able to achieve positive interaction to increase the extent of preconditioning within the volume of interest. The second phase examined two designs where one and two additional holes are drilled from the extraction level in order to maximise the disturbed and interaction zones between blastholes. Variables such as the velocity of detonation; explosive density; intact rock mass strength and in situ the stress field were considered. Results indicated that the pattern that could maximise the extent of the disturbed zone and potential ‘interaction’ between blastholes was a six hole pattern drilled from both the undercut and extraction levels. This design is referred to as ‘ ultra blast preconditioning’. Further work is currently underway to quantify the costs and potential downstream productivity benefits of this particular scenario.
Stress‐related psychological factors for back pain among athletes: Important topic with scarce evidence
Authors: Heidari Jahan , Hasenbring Monika , Kleinert Jens , Kellmann Michael 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHealth issues represent a frequent problem for athletes, as this particular demographic is repeatedly confronted with physically and psychologically stressful situations. Back pain (BP) materialises as comparatively common health problem being regarded as functionally limiting and psychologically straining burden for athletes. According to research conducted on athletes with BP, biomechanical and physiological mechanisms emerge as influential, whereas stress‐related psychological factors appear to be neglected. For athletic injuries, the essential impact of psychological processes on injury occurrence and return from injury has already been corroborated. Hence, the aim of this literature review is to: (1) introduce a conceptual differentiation between injuries and BP; (2) summarise the results obtained regarding stress‐related psychological aspects for injuries; and (3) connect the injury research to the state‐of‐the‐art evidence regarding stress‐related factors for BP among athletes. A distinction between injuries and BP could be established based on previous definitions, despite the fact that a considerable overlap between both concepts prevails. Injuries can be attributed to a physical origin, whereas BP frequently lacks this physical criterion. For BP, our enquiry yielded four studies including psychological measures of stress – with two studies specifically examining the association between BP and psychological stress among athletes longitudinally. Abundant findings from the general population support the importance of considering psychological and specifically stress‐related factors in BP prevention and rehabilitation, but evidence related to the athletic field remains elusive. Further scientific investigations with a wider methodological approach are needed to deepen the knowledge about the crucial relationship between psychological stress, BP, and athletes.
Millstone: Software for Multiplex Microbial Genome Analysis and Engineering
Authors: Goodman Daniel B. , Kuznetsov Gleb , Lajoie Marc J. , Ahern Brian W. , Napolitano Michael G. , Chen Kevin Y. , Chen Changping , Church George M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInexpensive DNA sequencing and advances in genome editing have made computational analysis a major rate-limiting step in adaptive laboratory evolution and microbial genome engineering. We describe Millstone, a web-based platform which automates genotype comparison and visualization for projects with up to hundreds of genomic samples. To enable iterative genome engineering, Millstone allows users to design oligonucleotide libraries and create successive versions of reference genomes. Millstone is open source and easily deployable to a cloud platform, local cluster, or desktop, making it a scalable solution for any lab.