bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Timeliness of Turning Signals for Business Cycles with Monthly Data
Authors: Chou Ta‐Sheng , Chou Ping‐Hung , Lin Eric S. 
Published: August 2016

The conventional growth rate measures (such as month‐on‐month, year‐on‐year growth rates and 6‐month smoothed annualized rate adopted by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics and Economic Cycle Research Institute) are popular and can be easily obtained by computing the growth rate for monthly data based on a fixed comparison benchmark, although they do not make good use of the information underlying the economic series. By focusing on the monthly data, this paper proposes the k‐month kernel‐weighted annualized rate (k‐MKAR), which includes most existing growth rate measures as special cases. The proposed k‐MKAR measure involves the selection of smoothing parameters that are associated with the accuracy and timeliness for detecting the change in business turning points. That is, the comparison base is flexible and is likely to vary for different series under consideration. A data‐driven procedure depending upon the stepwise multiple reality check test for choosing the smoothing parameters is also suggested in this paper. The simple numerical evaluation and Monte Carlo experiment are conducted to confirm that our measures (in particular the two‐parameter k‐MKAR) improve the timeliness subject to a certain degree of accuracy. The business cycle signals issued by the Council for Economic Planning and Development over the period from 1998 to 2009 in Taiwan are taken as an example to illustrate the empirical application of our method. The empirical results show that the k‐MKAR‐based score lights are more capable of reflecting turning points earlier than the conventional year‐on‐year measure without sacrificing accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Review on Metal‐Free Doped Carbon Materials Used as Oxygen Reduction Catalysts in Solid Electrolyte Proton Exchange Fuel Cells
Authors: Klingele M. , Van Pham C. , Fischer A. , Thiele S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWithin the last decade, metal‐free heteroatom doped carbon nanomaterials have gained attention as effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in many electrochemical systems. Since then, reports have stated that the ORR catalytic activity, onset potential, and H2O production selectivity of these materials is similar to that of platinum‐based catalysts. These statements rely on cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disc electrode (RDE) measurements in liquid alkaline electrolyte. However, fuel cell researchers aim to replace the costly platinum catalysts in the more prominent acidic solid electrolyte proton exchange fuel cell (PEFC). In this respect, there are only a few reports of unpromising activity, stability, and H2O production selectivity. In addition, only few reports have been presented on the implementation of such materials in cathode catalyst layers of actual PEFC devices. This mini‐review aims to summarize and evaluate results of these reports. Material synthesis, cell power, open circuit voltage, stability properties, and proposed active sites are reviewed. To date, the highest reported PEFC power densities with guaranteed metal‐free heteroatom doped carbon cathode catalysts have reached up to 321 mW cm−2; which although a promising value is substantially short of values obtained for platinum based catalysts.
Concurrent decrease of brain white matter tracts' thicknesses and fractional anisotropy after antenatal hypoxia‐ischemia detected with tract‐based spatial statistics analysis
Authors: Drobyshevsky Alexander 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo examine the extent of gray and white matter (WM) injury following global antenatal hypoxia‐ischemia (H‐I) and resulting in muscle hypertonia in newborns in a rabbit cerebral palsy model.Materials and MethodsRabbit dams (n = 15) underwent uterine ischemia procedure resulting in a global fetal H‐I at embryonic day 22 (embryonic 22 days gestation). Newborn's brains underwent high resolution diffusion tensor imaging on a 14 Tesla magnet ex vivo. Fractional anisotropy (FA) in brains of hypertonic (n = 9), nonhypertonic (n = 6), and sham control (n = 5) kits were compared voxel‐wise using Tract‐Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) approach. Herein, we used a novel method to assess local WM tracts' thicknesses in TBSS analysis and compare between the groups.ResultsSignificant (corrected P < 0.05) reduction of WM FA was found in corpus callosum splenium (91.2%), periventricular WM (83.5%), fimbria hippocampi (78.8%), cingulum (81.4%), anterior commissure (95%), internal capsule (83.2%), and optic tract (82.9%) in the hypertonic group. Significant (corrected P < 0.05) reduction in WM tracts' thicknesses was found in corpus callosum (73.3%), periventricular WM (82.5%), cingulum (73.4%), bilaterally in the hypertonic group.ConclusionWM injury in newborn hypertonic kits 10 days after global fetal H‐I is widespread and involves not only motor but also limbic and commissural fibers in multiple regions. WM injury in newborn hypertonic kits is manifested by changes in microstructural properties and decreased FA, as well as reduction of WM volumes, relative to nonhypertonic kits. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:700–709.Level of Evidence: 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:829–838.
Upland Farming System Erosion Yields and Their Constraints to Change for Sustainable Agricultural Conservation Practices: A Case Study of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Change in Indonesia
Authors: Andriyani Idah , Jourdain Damien , Lidon Bruno , Soni Peeyush , Kartiwa Budi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn the upper catchments of Southeast Asia, land use change from forest to agricultural systems generated land degradation and conflicts between uplanders and lowlanders. More sustainable cropping systems are proposed to upper‐catchment farmers. Grass fodder strip (GFS) is an effective anti‐erosion practice, and it involves lower costs for farmers. However, labour and cash constraints are sometimes preventing farmers to implement it. To evaluate farms' current impact and adaptation capacities, we need a comprehensive understanding of farm and farm household characteristics that influence their activities. This paper proposes an approach that combines farm household surveys and modelling of farm erosion yield to help project planners and policy makers to identify such farmers in a data‐scarce environment. We developed two farm typologies—one based on both farm and farm household characteristics and one based on their erosion yield and constraints. We calculated erosion yields on plot level by using revised universal soil loss equation method and identified their constraints. We found that a typology based on farm constraints and calculated farm erosion was a good complement to identify farmers who are generating the highest erosion yields and would be able to change their production systems. This methodology is mainly useful at the beginning of conservation projects, when very few hard data are available. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Line shape of the Raman 2D peak of graphene in van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Neumann Christoph , Banszerus Luca , Schmitz Michael , Reichardt Sven , Sonntag Jens , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Beschoten Bernd , Stampfer Christoph 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Raman 2D line of graphene is widely used for device characterization and during device fabrication as it contains valuable information on, e.g., the direction and magnitude of mechanical strain and doping. Here, we present systematic asymmetries in the 2D line shape of exfoliated graphene and graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition. Both graphene crystals are fully encapsulated in van der Waals heterostructures, where hexagonal boron nitride and tungsten diselenide are used as substrate materials. In both material stacks, we find very low doping values and extremely homogeneous strain distributions in the graphene crystal, which is a hall mark of the outstanding electronic quality of these samples. By fitting double Lorentzian functions to the spectra to account for the contributions of inner and outer processes to the 2D peak, we find that the splitting of the sub‐peaks, cm−1 (hBN‐Gr‐WSe2) and cm−1 (hBN‐Gr‐hBN), is significantly lower than the values reported in previous studies on suspended graphene.
Phase transitions in Mn(Mo1−xWx)O4 oxides under the effect of high pressure and temperature
Authors: Blanco‐Gutierrez Veronica , Demourgues Alain , Lebraud Eric , Gaudon Manuel 
Published: August 2016

ABO4 compounds exhibit various phase transitions identified in the literature. The phase transitions between monoclinic α‐C2/m and wolframite P2/c structures of Mn(Mo1−xWx)O4 compounds, which can be induced by pressure or temperature, are studied on the basis of X‐ray diffraction analyses. The large optical contrast associated with both these structures and Mo/W environments can be exploited to propose efficient piezochromic sensors (thanks to the monoclinic to wolframite transition vs. pressure) and thermal sensors (thanks to the reverse transformation), the thermochromic temperature being able to be tuned via the Mo/W ratio.A(Mo,W)O4 phase diagram: from wolframite to monoclinic compounds (drawn from the updated Bastide's diagram from Errandonea and Manjo ).
Two‐Dimensional Networks of [AuCl4]– and [AuBr4]– Anions
Authors: Döring Cindy , Jones Peter G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSeveral salts of protonated amines and aza‐aromatics with [AuCl4]– and [AuBr4]– anions contain two‐dimensional (“square”) anionic networks that display short halogen···halogen contacts. The Au4 quadrilaterals formed by neighboring anions of the networks are to a good approximation squares, with sides of around 7.5 Å for tetrachloridoaurates and 8 Å for tetrabromidoaurates.
Thermal behavior of friction clutch disc based on uniform pressure and uniform wear assumptions
Authors: Abdullah Oday I. , Schlattmann Josef 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
High temperatures appear in the contacting surfaces of a single-disc clutch system (friction clutch disc, flywheel and pressure plate) due to the relative motion between these parts during the sliding period. These high temperatures are responsible for several disadvantages such as increasing wear rate, surface cracks and permanent distortions. In some cases, these disadvantages may lead the contacting surfaces to failure before the expected lifetime. In this work, mathematical models of the friction clutch system (single-disc clutch) were built to find the temperature field during the sliding period (single engagement). Analysis has been completed using developed axisymmetric models to simulate the friction clutch system during the engagement. The surface temperatures are found based on uniform pressure and uniform wear assumptions.
Nutrition and health claims on healthy and less-healthy packaged food products in New Zealand
Authors: Al-Ani Haya H. , Devi Anandita , Eyles Helen , Swinburn Boyd , Vandevijvere Stefanie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNutrition and health claims are displayed to influence consumers’ food choices. This study assessed the extent and nature of nutrition and health claims on the front-of-pack of ‘healthy’ and ‘less-healthy’ packaged foods in New Zealand. Foods from eight categories, for which consumption may affect the risk of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases, were selected from the 2014 Nutritrack database. The internationally standardised International Network for Food and Obesity/Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS) taxonomy was used to classify claims on packages. The Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion (NPSC) was used to classify products as ‘healthy’ or ‘less healthy’. In total, 7526 products were included, with 47 % (n 3557) classified as ‘healthy’. More than one-third of products displayed at least one nutrition claim and 15 % featured at least one health claim on the front-of-pack. Claims were found on one-third of ‘less-healthy’ products; 26 % of those products displayed nutrition claims and 7 % featured health claims. About 45 % of ‘healthy’ products displayed nutrition claims and 23 % featured health claims. Out of 7058 individual claims, the majority (69 %) were found on ‘healthy’ products. Cereals displayed the greatest proportion of nutrition and health claims (1503 claims on 564 products), of which one-third were displayed on ‘less-healthy’ cereals. Such claims could be misleading consumers’ perceptions of nutritional quality of foods. It needs to be explored how current regulations on nutrition and health claims in New Zealand could be further strengthened (e.g. using the NPSC for nutrition claims, including general health claims as per the INFORMAS taxonomy) to ensure consumers are protected and not misled.
REANALYSING INSTITUTIONAL AND REMEDIAL CONSTRUCTIVE TRUSTS
Authors: Liew Ying Khai 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIt is often said that English law does not impose “remedial” constructive trusts because it is manifestly inappropriate and fundamentally unjustified to impose trusts through the exercise of judicial discretion and with retrospective effect. This paper observes the definitional deficiencies in this understanding, and reanalyses constructive trusts in terms of the rights which they give effect to. This understanding reveals that English law sets its face against the exercise of discretion in relation only to some “remedial” constructive trusts and not others, and that the perceived difficulties with remedial constructive trusts are often exaggerated. It ends by noting some crucial implications of the re-analysis for the future development of the law.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) applied to membrane–protein complexes
Authors: Kaplan Mohammed , Pinto Cecilia , Houben Klaartje , Baldus Marc 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that most proteins occur and function in complexes rather than as isolated entities when embedded in cellular membranes. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides increasing possibilities to study structure, dynamics and assembly of such systems. In our review, we discuss recent methodological progress to study membrane–protein complexes (MPCs) by NMR, starting with expression, isotope-labeling and reconstitution protocols. We review approaches to deal with spectral complexity and limited spectral spectroscopic sensitivity that are usually encountered in NMR-based studies of MPCs. We highlight NMR applications in various classes of MPCs, including G-protein-coupled receptors, ion channels and retinal proteins and extend our discussion to protein–protein complexes that span entire cellular compartments or orchestrate processes such as protein transport across or within membranes. These examples demonstrate the growing potential of NMR-based studies of MPCs to provide critical insight into the energetics of protein–ligand and protein–protein interactions that underlie essential biological functions in cellular membranes.
Wood properties of Sitka spruce
Authors: Cahalan C. M. 
Published: August 2016

SynopsisThe wood properties of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) which influence its use in the production of sawn timber, veneer, particleboard, fibreboard, pulp and paper are discussed. Although the low strength properties of Sitka spruce restrict its use as constructional timber, it is highly suitable for the manufacture of particleboard and fibreboard and is an excellent pulping species.
Comparison of neuropsychological and functional outcomes in Alzheimer's disease patients with good or bad response to a cognitive stimulation treatment: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Martínez-Moreno Mar , Cerulla Noemí , Chico Gloria , Quintana María , Garolera Maite 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:The benefit of cognitive stimulation (CS) treatments in dementia is unequal. This study has sought to identify cognitive and functional measurements before and after the treatment which are indicative of a better response to a one-year CS program.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted between 2004 and 2012 in a sample of 60 users diagnosed with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) who followed a one-year CS program and underwent a cognitive and functional assessment before and after the intervention. As a primary measure of treatment response, we used the annual change of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, which distinguished good responders (R) from non-responders (NR).Results:51.7% of patients classified as R at baseline had a higher cognitive performance in attention, immediate verbal memory, language, and working memory compared to NR. No initial statistically significant differences were found between R and NR in any sociodemographic variables, medical conditions, anxiety and/or depressive symptoms, treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), level of insight, global cognitive function (MMSE), or functional capacity. After 12 months of treatment, R had significantly better results than NR on MMSE, temporal orientation, category evocation, and Philadelphia Geriatric Center-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (PGC-IADL).Conclusion:The response to a CS treatment of some subjects over others is linked to cognitive and functional capacity. This research contributes to characterize the neuropsychological profile that differentiates subjects who respond better than others before and after the treatment. This should contribute to customize and optimize neuropsychological interventions in patients with AD.
Association between Patient Unconscious or Not Alert Conditions and Cardiac Arrest or High-Acuity Outcomes within the Medical Priority Dispatch System “Falls” Protocol
Authors: Clawson Jeff , Olola Christopher , Scott Greg , Schultz Bryon , Pertgen Richard , Robinson Don , Bagwell Barry , Patterson Brett 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction:Falls are one of the most common types of complaints received by 9-1-1 emergency medical dispatch centers. They can be accidental or may be caused by underlying medical problems. Though not alert” falls patients with severe outcomes mostly are “hot” transported to the hospital, some of these cases may be due to other acute medical events (cardiac, respiratory, circulatory, or neurological), which may not always be apparent to the emergency medical dispatcher (EMD) during call processing.Objectives:The objective of this study was to characterize the risk of cardiac arrest and “hot-transport” outcomes in patients with “not alert” condition, within the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS®) Falls protocol descriptors.Methods:This retrospective study used 129 months of de-identified, aggregate, dispatch datasets from three US emergency communication centers. The communication centers used the Medical Priority Dispatch System version 11.3–OMEGA type (released in 2006) to interrogate Emergency Medical System callers, select dispatch codes assigned to various response configurations, and provide pre-arrival instructions. The distribution of cases and percentages of cardiac arrest and hot-transport outcomes, categorized by MPDS® code, was profiled. Assessment of the association between MPDS® Delta-level 3 (D-3) “not alert” condition and cardiac arrest and hot-transport outcomes then followed.Results:Overall, patients within the D-3 and D-2 “long fall” conditions had the highest proportions (compared to the other determinants in the “falls” protocol) of cardiac arrest and hot-transport outcomes, respectively. “Not alert” condition was associated significantly with cardiac arrest and hot-transport outcomes (p < 0.001).Conclusions:The “not alert” determinant within the MPDS® “fall” protocol was associated significantly with severe outcomes for short falls (<6 feet; 2 meters) and ground-level falls. As reported to 9-1-1, the complaint of a “fall” may include the presence of underlying conditions that go beyond the obvious traumatic injuries caused by the fall itself.
Metagenomic recovery of phage genomes of uncultured freshwater actinobacteria
Authors: Ghai Rohit , Mehrshad Maliheh , Mizuno Carolina Megumi , Rodriguez-Valera Francisco 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Low-GC Actinobacteria are among the most abundant and widespread microbes in freshwaters and have largely resisted all cultivation efforts. Consequently, their phages have remained totally unknown. In this work, we have used deep metagenomic sequencing to assemble eight complete genomes of the first tailed phages that infect freshwater Actinobacteria. Their genomes encode the actinobacterial-specific transcription factor whiB, frequently found in mycobacteriophages and also in phages infecting marine pelagic Actinobacteria. Its presence suggests a common and widespread strategy of modulation of host transcriptional machinery upon infection via this transcriptional switch. We present evidence that some whiB-carrying phages infect the acI lineage of Actinobacteria. At least one of them encodes the ADP-ribosylating component of the widespread bacterial AB toxins family (for example, clostridial toxin). We posit that the presence of this toxin reflects a ‘trojan horse’ strategy, providing protection at the population level to the abundant host microbes against eukaryotic predators.
A genome-wide screening uncovers the role of CCAR2 as an antagonist of DNA end resection
Authors: López-Saavedra Ana , Gómez-Cabello Daniel , Domínguez-Sánchez María Salud , Mejías-Navarro Fernando , Fernández-Ávila María Jesús , Dinant Christoffel , Martínez-Macías María Isabel , Bartek Jiri , Huertas Pablo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThere are two major and alternative pathways to repair DNA double-strand breaks: non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination. Here we identify and characterize novel factors involved in choosing between these pathways; in this study we took advantage of the SeeSaw Reporter, in which the repair of double-strand breaks by homology-independent or -dependent mechanisms is distinguished by the accumulation of green or red fluorescence, respectively. Using a genome-wide human esiRNA (endoribonuclease-prepared siRNA) library, we isolate genes that control the recombination/end-joining ratio. Here we report that two distinct sets of genes are involved in the control of the balance between NHEJ and HR: those that are required to facilitate recombination and those that favour NHEJ. This last category includes CCAR2/DBC1, which we show inhibits recombination by limiting the initiation and the extent of DNA end resection, thereby acting as an antagonist of CtIP.
Local adaptation of a bacterium is as important as its presence in structuring a natural microbial community
Authors: Gómez Pedro , Paterson Steve , De Meester Luc , Liu Xuan , Lenzi Luca , Sharma M. D. , McElroy Kerensa , Buckling Angus 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLocal adaptation of a species can affect community composition, yet the importance of local adaptation compared with species presence per se is unknown. Here we determine how a compost bacterial community exposed to elevated temperature changes over 2 months as a result of the presence of a focal bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25, that had been pre-adapted or not to the compost for 48 days. The effect of local adaptation on community composition is as great as the effect of species presence per se, with these results robust to the presence of an additional strong selection pressure: an SBW25-specific virus. These findings suggest that evolution occurring over ecological time scales can be a key driver of the structure of natural microbial communities, particularly in situations where some species have an evolutionary head start following large perturbations, such as exposure to antibiotics or crop planting and harvesting.