bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Joint Reconstruction with Osteotendinous Joint Allograft: Experimental Study in Rats
Authors: Iglesias Martin , Cruz-Reyes Ángel Uriel , Butrón Patricia , Hernández-Agallo Ricardo , de la Barrera Víctor Antonio Torres , Reyes-Montero Claudio , Durand-Carbajal Marta , Torres-Villalobos Gonzalo 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Fresh or frozen nonvascularized osteotendinous joint allografts (OTJA) have not been used previously, clinically or experimentally, for metacarpophalangeal joint reconstruction. Therefore, we evaluated the viability of OTJA for metatarsophalangeal joint (MTJ) reconstruction in rats.

Methods:
In the experimental group of 12 Lewis rats, we reconstructed the MTJ of the third digit of the hindlimb with a fresh, nonvascularized OTJA obtained from the same digit from 12 donor rats. In the control group of 6 Lewis rats, an autologous composite osteotendinous graft of the MTJ of the same digit was obtained and repositioned in situ as an auto-transplant. Weight, pain, edema, dehiscence, and wound infection were evaluated every 24 hours for 30 days postoperatively. At the end of 30 days, we evaluated digit position, flexion and extension, passive mobility, radiological bone healing, and histological grades of rejection.

Results:
We found no statistically different changes in weight, edema, pain, digit position, or radiological bone healing in either group. No wound dehiscence or infection was seen in any of the rats. Ten degrees of flexion and extension mobility were lost in the control group; the experimental group lost up to 30 degrees (P = 0.009). Histologically, 9 of the experimental group rats (9/12, 75%) showed rejection reactions compared with none of the controls (0%) (P = 0.009).

Conclusions:
Fresh nonvascularized OTJA caused an immune reaction without exposure of the graft, but with bone resorption. However, the rats maintained digital form and alignment with decreased passive flexion and extension of 10–30 degrees.
RESULTS OF MACULAR HOLE SURGERY
Authors: Liu Laura , Enkh-Amgalan Ijilmurun , Wang Nan-Kai , Chuang Lan-Hsin , Chen Yen-Po , Hwang Yih-shiou , Chang Chee-Jen , Chen Kuan-Jen , Wu Wei-chi , Chen Tun-Lu , Lai Chi-Chun 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the differences in anatomical and visual function changes after macular hole (MH) surgery using the International Vitreomacular Traction Study classification.

Methods:
Patients who underwent vitrectomy and blood-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling because of MHs were enrolled in the present study. The patients were divided into three groups according to the sizes of their MHs (small: ≤250 μm, medium: >250 μm and ≤400 μm, and large: >400 μm). The effect of vitreomacular traction on the outcome was also analyzed. All the patients were followed for at least 12 months. The changes in best-corrected visual acuity and the outer retina at the foveal area were monitored using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Results:
A total of 146 eyes of 146 patients were enrolled. The patients with small MHs showed significantly better mean final visual acuity (mean: 20/58) than patients with large MHs (20/178, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between patients with small- and medium-sized MHs (20/69). Longitudinal analysis showed that the presence of vitreomacular traction was related to a better restoration of the outer retinal structure and visual acuity.

Conclusion:
Patients with smaller MHs and vitreomacular adhesion had superior final visual acuity and better restoration of the outer retinal structure after MH surgery.
Subepidermal Calcinosis in the Ocular Adnexa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khine Kay T. , Shi Dallas S. , Bernhisel Ashlie , Gertsch Kevin R. , Mamalis Nick , Patel Bhupendra C. K. , Dutton Jonathan J. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:To review the clinical and histopathologic findings associated with subepidermal calcinosis of the eyelids.Methods:A systematic review of the literature on subepidermal calcinosis of the eyelids was performed. Cases included were idiopathic in nature and met the histologic criteria for subepidermal calcinosis with calcium deposits in the dermis of the skin.Results:Twenty-one publications presenting 53 cases of subepidermal calcinosis involving the eyelids were published between 1970 and 2016. Males were affected more than females (67% vs. 33%), and 89% of patients were 21 years of age or younger. A total of 63% were non-Caucasian. Most cases involved a single lesion (82%), and lesions were most frequently located on the upper eyelid (63%). In 81% of cases, the lesion was less than 5 mm in diameter. When reported, the treatment of choice was complete surgical excision.Conclusions:Subepidermal calcinosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic lesions on the eyelid, particularly in young males with no history of systemic disease or laboratory abnormalities. These nodules usually present as painless, small, firm, mobile solitary cutaneous lesions with a predilection for the upper eyelid. Diagnosis is confirmed by histopathology, and treatment is with surgical excision.
Cervicovaginal Levels of Human β-Defensin 1, 2, 3, and 4 of Reproductive-Aged Women With Chlamydia trachomatis Infection
Authors: Noda-Nicolau Nathália Mayumi , Bastos Larissa Brito , Bolpetti Aline Nascimento , Pinto Gabriel Vitor Silva , Marcolino Larissa Doddi , Marconi Camila , Ferreira Carolina Sanitá Tafner , Polettini Jossimara , Vieira Eliane Passarelli , da Silva Márcia Guimarães 
Published: April 2017

Objective
This study included women attending primary health care units in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, to assess the cervicovaginal levels of human β-defensin (hBD) 1, 2, 3, and 4 during Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

Patients and Methods
Cervicovaginal samples were collected for Pap testing and assessing the presence of infection by C. trachomatis, human papillomavirus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Vaginal smears were taken to evaluate local microbiota. Human β-defensin levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in cervicovaginal fluid samples. Seventy-four women with normal vaginal microbiota and no evidence of infection were included in hBD quantification assays; 37 tested positive for C. trachomatis and 37 were negative. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U test.

Results
Women positive for C. trachomatis had significantly lower cervicovaginal hBD-1, hBD-2, and hBD-3 compared with those who tested negative (hBD-1: 0 pg/mL [0–2.1] vs 1.6 pg/mL [0–2.4], p < .0001; hBD-2: 0 pg/mL [0–3.9] vs 0.61 pg/mL [0–8.9], p = .0097; and hBD-3: 0 pg/mL [0–4.3] vs 0.28 pg/mL [0–8.4], p = .0076). Human β-defensin 4 was not detected.

Conclusions
Lower levels of hBD-1, hBD-2, and hBD-3 in cervicovaginal fluid were detected in the presence of C. trachomatis infection.
Lamotrigine Uses in Psychiatric Practice
Authors: Naguy Ahmed , Al-Enezi Najah 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Lamotrigine (LAM), an antiepileptic, with panoply of indications and uses in neurology, is FDA approved, in psychiatry, for bipolar prophylaxis. Apart from this indication, trend of its use in psychiatry is on the rise addressing a multitude of disorders.

Study Question:
LAM remains one of only few psychotropic drugs with antiglutamate activity. This might render LAM a potential therapeutic option in treatment-resistant major psychiatric disorders. We reviewed LAM pharmacology and its diverse indications while examining the extant evidence.

Methods:
EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews were searched for all relevant studies up to date of June 2016.

Results:
Sound evidence supports use of LAM for acute bipolar depression and prophylaxis, treatment-resistant schizophrenia, treatment-resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, depersonalization disorder, and affective dysregulation and behavioral dyscontrol domains of borderline personality disorder. Less compelling evidence is present for use in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and neuropsychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury. No evidence supports use in autism spectrum disorder or acute unipolar depression.

Conclusions:
LAM is an important addition to the psychopharmacological armamentarium. Level of evidence supporting the use of LAM in off-label indications is highly variable, and hence, sound clinical judgment is necessary for its proper use and placement in real-life psychiatric practice and psychopharmacotherapy algorithms.
The Refractive Error of Professional Baseball Players
Authors: Laby Daniel M. , Kirschen David G. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose
High levels of visual acuity are required to hit a baseball effectively. Research has shown that any decrease in vision is likely caused by low-order optical aberrations. This study is designed to validate the SVOne autorefractor, and describe the amount and type, of low-order optical aberrations present in a large cohort of professional baseball players.

Methods
A retrospective chart review on the 608 Major League Baseball players evaluated during the 2016 Spring Training Season was performed. Results for a subset of players who had both manifest refraction as well as autorefraction were calculated. Subsequently, after determining the accuracy of the autorefraction system in this population, refractive results for the entire population were determined.

Results
There was a borderline statistically significant difference in mean spherical refractive error (M) between the manifest refraction and the SVOne auto refraction (−0.273D in the manifest refraction method vs. −0.503D in the SVOne method, P = .06) in the subset of athletes who underwent both tests. Additionally, there was no difference in the J0 or J45 cylindrical component vectors for each method. For the entire eligible population, the SVOne autorefraction system found a mean spherical refractive error (M) of −0.228D, a J0 value of −0.013D, and a J45 value of −0.040D.

Conclusions
These data suggest that the SVOne autorefraction system is generally able to measure the refractive error in the baseball population. The system was slightly biased, often reporting more myopia in myopic subjects. Thus, careful evaluation of the refractive status of these athletes coupled with careful subjective refractive correction for those with less than average vision for baseball is strongly suggested.
Can training in empathetic validation improve medical students' communication with patients suffering pain? A test of concept
Authors: Linton Steven J. , Flink Ida K. , Nilsson Emma , Edlund Sara 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Introduction:
Patient-centered, empathetic communication has been recommended as a means for improving the health care of patients suffering pain. However, a problem has been training health care providers since programs may be time-consuming and difficult to learn. Validation, a form of empathetic response that communicates that what a patient experiences is accepted as true, has been suggested as an appropriate method for improving communication with patients suffering pain.

Objectives:
We study the immediate effects of providing medical students with a 2-session (45-minute duration each) program in validation skills on communication.

Methods:
A one group, pretest vs posttest design was employed with 22 volunteer medical students. To control patient variables, actors simulated 1 of 2 patient scenarios (randomly provided at pretest and posttest). Video recordings were blindly evaluated. Self-ratings of validation and satisfaction were also employed.

Results:
Observed validation responses increased significantly after training and corresponded to significant reductions in invalidating responses. Both the patient simulators and the medical students were significantly more satisfied after the training.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated that training empathetic validation results in improved communication thus extending previous findings to a medical setting with patients suffering pain. Our results suggest that it would be feasible to provide validation training for health care providers and this warrants further investigation in controlled studies.
Colpocleisis: A Survey of Current Practice Patterns
Authors: Jones Keisha , Wang Gary , Romano Robert , St Marie Peter , Harmanli Oz 
Published: April 2017

Background
Currently, there are no standard treatment guidelines for colpocleisis. Clinical practice varies widely for this safe and effective procedure.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the current practice patterns in the United States among surgeons who perform colpocleisis.

Methods
A 27-item anonymous Web-based survey was sent to all practicing physicians affiliated with the American Urogynecologic Society. It consisted of questions regarding the demographic background of the physicians and their current practice as it relates to colpocleisis.

Results
Of the 1422 physicians contacted, 322 responded (23%) to the questionnaire. Slightly more than half were female with an average time of 15 years in practice. The majority of respondents (79%) were urogynecologists. Most surgeons chose colpocleisis for its high success rate, short operating time, and low risk of complications. Approximately half of the providers performed both LeFort and total colpocleisis. Only 18% performed a routine hysterectomy at the time of surgery. Routine preoperative endometrial evaluation was preferred by 68% of the respondents, with 81% utilizing a transvaginal ultrasound first. Almost all providers would perform concomitant incontinence procedures, with 54% requiring a positive cough stress test and normal postvoid residual.

Conclusions
There is variation in the current practice of colpocleisis in the United States. LeFort colpocleisis is most commonly performed, and routine hysterectomy is uncommon. Two thirds of surgeons evaluate the endometrium prior to surgery. Concomitant anti-incontinence procedures appear to be standard.
Changing Referral Patterns to Urogynecology
Authors: Geynisman-Tan Julia , Brown Oluwateniola , Mueller Margaret , Leader-Cramer Alix , Dave Bhumy , Bochenska Katarzyna , Collins Sarah , Lewicky-Gaupp Christina , Kenton Kimberly 
Published: April 2017

Objective
The study aims to identify sources of and changes in referral patterns for pelvic floor disorders.

Methods
All new patient visits to urogynecology at our institution between January 2010 and December 2015 were identified. Patient demographics, referral source, insurance type, and visit diagnoses using ICD-9 codes were abstracted. ICD-9 codes were grouped into 18 urogynecologic diagnoses. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 20; Chicago, IL).

Results
Five thousand seven hundred ninety-nine new patient visits were included in the analysis. The mean age was 54 ± 17 years and 59% were Caucasian. Forty-four percent were referred by obstetrician/gynecologists (OB/GYNs), 32% by primary care providers (PCPs), 14% by self-referral, and 9% by other specialties. New patient visits increased overall by 280% over 6 years; self- and PCP referrals increased by 480% and 320%, respectively. In comparison, OB/GYN referrals increased by only 229%. Patients diagnosed with prolapse and stress incontinence were more likely to be referred by an OB/GYN (P < 0.001), whereas PCPs were more likely to refer for urinary tract infections (P < 0.005) and urgency urinary incontinence (P < 0.001) than OB/GYNs.

Conclusions
Demand for pelvic floor specialists is growing quickly, with PCP and self-referrals outpacing referrals from obstetrician-gynecologists to tertiary care urogynecology practices.
Vaginal Mesh Removal Outcomes: Eight Years of Experience at an Academic Hospital
Authors: Cardenas-Trowers Olivia O. , Malekzadeh Pouran , Nix David E. , Hatch Kenneth D. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to describe the clinical history leading up to and the outcomes after vaginal mesh removal surgery at an academic hospital.MethodsA retrospective case series of patients who underwent vaginal mesh removal from 2008 to 2015 was conducted. Demographics, clinical history, physical examination, pre- and postoperative symptoms, and number and type of reoperations were abstracted.ResultsBetween February 2008 and November 2015, 83 patients underwent vaginal mesh removal surgery at our hospital. The median time interval from initial mesh placement to removal was 58 months (range, 0.4–154 months). The most common preoperative symptoms were vaginal pain (n = 52, 62%), dyspareunia (n = 46, 55%), and pelvic pain (n = 42, 50%). Intraoperative complications were infrequent (n = 3, 4%). Of patients presenting for follow-up within 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively, the most common symptoms were urinary incontinence (n = 15, 28%), vaginal pain (n = 7, 13%), buttock pain (n = 5, 9%), and urinary tract infection (n = 5, 9%). There were no identifiable risk factors to predict which patients would have persistent postoperative symptoms or who would require more than 1 mesh removal surgery. After vaginal mesh removal, 29 patients (35%) required 1 or more reoperations, with 3 being the highest number of reoperations per patient. The total number of reoperations was 43, with a total of 63 individual procedures performed. Forty-four percent (n = 28) of the procedures were graft removals, 40% (n = 25) were pelvic organ prolapse surgeries (only native tissue repairs), and 16% (n = 10) were stress incontinence surgeries. More than 1 procedure was performed in 49% (n = 21) of the reoperations.ConclusionsVaginal mesh removal surgery is safe; however, some patients require more than 1 procedure, and the risk factors for reoperations are unclear.
Continuous EEG in Pediatric Critical Care: Yield and Efficiency of Seizure Detection
Authors: Sansevere Arnold J. , Duncan Elizabeth D. , Libenson Mark H. , Loddenkemper Tobias , Pearl Phillip L. , Tasker Robert C. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
Our goal was to define the duration of continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring needed to adequately capture electrographic seizures and EEG status epilepticus in the pediatric intensive care unit using clinical and background EEG features.

Methods:
Retrospective study of patients aged 1 month to 21 years admitted to a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit and undergoing cEEG (>3 hours). Clinical data collected included admission diagnosis, EEG background features, and time variables including time to first seizure after initiation of cEEG.

Results:
Four hundred fourteen patients aged 4.2 (0.75–11.3) years (median, interquartile range) were included. With a median duration of 21 (16–42.2) hours of cEEG monitoring, we identified electrographic seizure or EEG status epilepticus in 25% of subjects. We identified three features that could improve the efficiency of cEEG resources and provide a decision-making framework: (1) clinical history of acute encephalopathy is not predictive of detecting electrographic seizure or EEG status epilepticus, whereas a history of status epilepticus or seizures is; (2) normal EEG background or absence of epileptiform discharges in the initial 24 hours of recording informs the decision to discontinue cEEG; (3) failure to record electrographic ictal events within the first 4 to 6 hours of monitoring may be sufficient to predict the absence of subsequent ictal events.

Conclusions:
Individualized monitoring plans are necessary to increase seizure detection yield while improving resource utilization. A strategy using information from the clinical history, initial EEG background, and the first 4 to 6 hours of recording may be effective in determining the necessary duration of cEEG monitoring in the pediatric intensive care unit.
Role of somatostatin-positive cortical interneurons in the generation of sleep slow waves
Authors: Funk Chadd M. , Peelman Kayla , Bellesi Michele , Marshall William , Cirelli Chiara , Tononi Giulio 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYCortical slow waves – the hallmark of NREM sleep - reflect near-synchronous OFF periods in cortical neurons. However, the mechanisms triggering such OFF periods are unclear, as there is little evidence for somatic inhibition. We studied cortical inhibitory interneurons that express somatostatin (SOM), because ∼70% of them are Martinotti cells that target diffusely layer 1 and can block excitatory transmission presynaptically, at glutamatergic terminals, and postsynaptically, at apical dendrites, without inhibiting the soma. In freely moving mice, we show that SOM+ cells can fire immediately before slow waves and their optogenetic stimulation triggers neuronal OFF periods during sleep. Next, we show that chemogenetic activation of SOM+ cells increases slow wave activity (SWA), the slope of individual slow waves, and the duration of NREM sleep; whereas their chemogenetic inhibition decreases SWA and slow wave incidence without changing time spent asleep. By contrast, activation of parvalbumin+ (PV+) cells, the most numerous population of cortical inhibitory neurons, greatly decreases SWA and cortical firing. These results indicate that SOM+ cells, but not PV+ cells, are involved in the generation of sleep slow waves. Whether Martinotti cells are solely responsible for this effect, or are complemented by other classes of inhibitory neurons, remains to be investigated.
STRT-seq-2i: dual-index 5′ single cell and nucleus RNA-seq on an addressable microwell array
Authors: Hochgerner Hannah , Lönnerberg Peter , Hodge Rebecca , Mikes Jaromir , Heskol Abeer , Hubschle Hermann , Lin Philip , Picelli Simone , Manno Gioele La , Ratz Michael , Dunne Jude , Husain Syed , Lein Ed , Srinivasan Maithreyan , Zeisel Amit , Linnarsson Sten 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSingle-cell RNA-seq has become routine for discovering cell types and revealing cellular diversity, but currently no high-throughput platform has been used successfully on archived human brain samples. We present STRT-seq-2i, an addressable 9600-microwell array platform, combining sampling by limiting dilution or FACS, with imaging and high throughput at competitive cost. We applied the platform to fresh single mouse cortical cells and to frozen post-mortem human cortical nuclei, matching the performance of a previous lower-throughput platform.
Nanopore sequencing and assembly of a human genome with ultra-long reads
Authors: Jain Miten , Koren S , Quick J , Rand AC , Sasani TA , Tyson JR , Beggs AD , Dilthey AT , Fiddes IT , Malla S , Marriott H , Miga KH , Nieto T , O’Grady J , Olsen HE , Pedersen BS , Rhie A , Richardson H , Quinlan AR , Snutch TP , Tee L , Paten B , Phillippy AM , Simpson JT , Loman NJ , Loose M 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNanopore sequencing is a promising technique for genome sequencing due to its portability, ability to sequence long reads from single molecules, and to simultaneously assay DNA methylation. However until recently nanopore sequencing has been mainly applied to small genomes, due to the limited output attainable. We present nanopore sequencing and assembly of the GM12878 Utah/Ceph human reference genome generated using the Oxford Nanopore MinION and R9.4 version chemistry. We generated 91.2 Gb of sequence data (∼30× theoretical coverage) from 39 flowcells.De novoassembly yielded a highly complete and contiguous assembly (NG50 ∼3Mb). We observed considerable variability in homopolymeric tract resolution between different basecallers. The data permitted sensitive detection of both large structural variants and epigenetic modifications. Further we developed a new approach exploiting the long-read capability of this system and found that adding an additional 5×-coverage of ‘ultra-long’ reads (read N50 of 99.7kb) more than doubled the assembly contiguity. Modelling the repeat structure of the human genome predicts extraordinarily contiguous assemblies may be possible using nanopore reads alone. Portablede novosequencing of human genomes may be important for rapid point-of-care diagnosis of rare genetic diseases and cancer, and monitoring of cancer progression. The complete dataset including raw signal is available as an Amazon Web Services Open Dataset at:https://github.com/nanopore-wgs-consortium/NA12878.