bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How feedback, motor imagery, and reward influence brain self‐regulation using real‐time fMRI
Authors: Sepulveda Pradyumna , Sitaram Ranganatha , Rana Mohit , Montalba Cristian , Tejos Cristian , Ruiz Sergio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe learning process involved in achieving brain self‐regulation is presumed to be related to several factors, such as type of feedback, reward, mental imagery, duration of training, among others. Explicitly instructing participants to use mental imagery and monetary reward are common practices in real‐time fMRI (rtfMRI) neurofeedback (NF), under the assumption that they will enhance and accelerate the learning process. However, it is still not clear what the optimal strategy is for improving volitional control. We investigated the differential effect of feedback, explicit instructions and monetary reward while training healthy individuals to up‐regulate the blood‐oxygen‐level dependent (BOLD) signal in the supplementary motor area (SMA). Four groups were trained in a two‐day rtfMRI‐NF protocol: GFwith NF only, GF,Iwith NF + explicit instructions (motor imagery), GF,Rwith NF + monetary reward, and GF,I,Rwith NF + explicit instructions (motor imagery) + monetary reward. Our results showed that GFincreased significantly their BOLD self‐regulation from day‐1 to day‐2 and GF,Rshowed the highest BOLD signal amplitude in SMA during the training. The two groups who were instructed to use motor imagery did not show a significant learning effect over the 2 days. The additional factors, namely motor imagery and reward, tended to increase the intersubject variability in the SMA during the course of training. Whole brain univariate and functional connectivity analyses showed common as well as distinct patterns in the four groups, representing the varied influences of feedback, reward, and instructions on the brain.Hum Brain Mapp 37:3153–3171, 2016. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating quantitative proton‐density‐mapping methods
Authors: Mezer Aviv , Rokem Ariel , Berman Shai , Hastie Trevor , Wandell Brian A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractQuantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) aims to quantify tissue parameters by eliminating instrumental bias. We describe qMRI theory, simulations, and software designed to estimate proton density (PD), the apparent local concentration of water protons in the living human brain. First, we show that, in the absence of noise, multichannel coil data contain enough information to separate PD and coil sensitivity, a limiting instrumental bias. Second, we show that, in the presence of noise, regularization by a constraint on the relationship between T1 and PD produces accurate coil sensitivity and PD maps. The ability to measure PD quantitatively has applications in the analysis of in‐vivo human brain tissue and enables multisite comparisons between individuals and across instruments. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3623–3635, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Function–structure connectivity in patients with severe brain injury as measured by MRI‐DWI and FDG‐PET
Authors: Annen J. , Heine L. , Ziegler E. , Frasso G. , Bahri M. , Di Perri C. , Stender J. , Martial C. , Wannez S. , D'ostilio K. , Amico E. , Antonopoulos G. , Bernard C. , Tshibanda F. , Hustinx R. , Laureys S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA vast body of literature exists showing functional and structural dysfunction within the brains of patients with disorders of consciousness. However, the function (fluorodeoxyglucose FDG‐PET metabolism)–structure (MRI‐diffusion‐weighted images; DWI) relationship and how it is affected in severely brain injured patients remains ill‐defined. FDG‐PET and MRI‐DWI in 25 severely brain injured patients (19 Disorders of Consciousness of which 7 unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, 12 minimally conscious; 6 emergence from minimally conscious state) and 25 healthy control subjects were acquired here. Default mode network (DMN) function–structure connectivity was assessed by fractional anisotropy (FA) and metabolic standardized uptake value (SUV). As expected, a profound decline in regional metabolism and white matter integrity was found in patients as compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, a function–structure relationship was present in brain‐damaged patients between functional metabolism of inferior‐parietal, precuneus, and frontal regions and structural integrity of the frontal‐inferiorparietal, precuneus‐inferiorparietal, thalamo‐inferioparietal, and thalamofrontal tracts. When focusing on patients, a stronger relationship between structural integrity of thalamo‐inferiorparietal tracts and thalamic metabolism in patients who have emerged from the minimally conscious state as compared with patients with disorders of consciousness was found. The latter finding was in line with the mesocircuit hypothesis for the emergence of consciousness. The findings showed a positive function–structure relationship within most regions of the DMN. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3707–3720, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resting‐state functional connectivity and motor imagery brain activation
Authors: Saiote Catarina , Tacchino Andrea , Brichetto Giampaolo , Roccatagliata Luca , Bommarito Giulia , Cordano Christian , Battaglia Mario , Mancardi Giovanni Luigi , Inglese Matilde 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMotor imagery (MI) relies on the mental simulation of an action without any overt motor execution (ME), and can facilitate motor learning and enhance the effect of rehabilitation in patients with neurological conditions. While functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during MI and ME reveals shared cortical representations, the role and functional relevance of the resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) of brain regions involved in MI is yet unknown. Here, we performed resting‐state fMRI followed by fMRI during ME and MI with the dominant hand. We used a behavioral chronometry test to measure ME and MI movement duration and compute an index of performance (IP). Then, we analyzed the voxel‐matched correlation between the individual MI parameter estimates and seed‐based RSFC maps in the MI network to measure the correspondence between RSFC and MI fMRI activation. We found that inter‐individual differences in intrinsic connectivity in the MI network predicted several clusters of activation. Taken together, present findings provide first evidence that RSFC within the MI network is predictive of the activation of MI brain regions, including those associated with behavioral performance, thus suggesting a role for RSFC in obtaining a deeper understanding of neural substrates of MI and of MI ability. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3847–3857, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resistance Elasticity of Antibiotic Demand in Intensive Care
Authors: Heister Thomas , Hagist Christian , Kaier Klaus 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is still an unresolved problem worldwide. In intensive care units (ICUs), first‐line antibiotic therapy is highly standardized and widely empiric while treatment failure because of AMR often has severe consequences. Simultaneously, there is a limited number of reserve antibiotics, whose prices and/or side effects are substantially higher than first‐line therapy. This paper explores the implications of resistance‐induced substitution effects in ICUs. The extent of such substitution effects is shown in a dynamic fixed effect regression analysis using a panel of 66 German ICUs with monthly antibiotic use and resistance data between 2001 and 2012. Our findings support the hypothesis that demand for reserve antibiotics substantially increases when resistance towards first‐line agents rises. For some analyses the lagged effect of resistance is also significant, supporting the conjecture that part of the substitution effect is caused by physicians changing antibiotic choices in empiric treatment by adapting their resistance expectation to new information on resistance prevalence. The available information about resistance rates allows physicians to efficiently balance the trade‐off between exacerbating resistance and ensuring treatment success. However, resistance‐induced substitution effects are not free of charge. These effects should be considered an indirect burden of AMR. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Association of CYP1A1 Gene With Cervical Cancer and Additional SNP–SNP Interaction in Chinese Women
Authors: Li Shuhong , Li Guiqin , Kong Fanqiang , Liu Zhifen , Li Ning , Li Yan , Guo Xiaojing 
Published: June 2016

AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between CYP1A1 gene polymorphism and cervical cancer risk, and the impact of SNP–SNP interaction on cervical cancer risk in Chinese women.MethodsA total of 728 females with a mean age of 60.1 ± 14.5 years old were selected, including 360 cervical cancer patients and 368 normal controls. Logistic regression was performed to investigate association between single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and cervical cancer risk. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to analyze the SNP–SNP interaction.ResultsLogistic analysis showed a significant association between rs4646903 and increased cervical cancer risk. The carriers of homozygous mutant of rs4646903 polymorphism revealed increased cervical cancer risk than those with wild‐type homozygotes, OR (95%CI) were 1.45 (1.20–1.95). There was a significant two‐locus model (P = 0.0107) involving rs4646903 and rs1048943, indicating a potential SNP–SNP interaction between rs4646903 and rs1048943. Overall, the two‐locus models had a cross‐validation consistency of 10 of 10, and had the testing accuracy of 60.72%. Subjects with TC or CC of rs4646903 and AG or GG of rs1048943 genotype have the highest cervical cancer risk, compared to subjects with TT of rs4646903 and AA of rs1048943 genotype, OR (95%CI) was 2.03 (1.42–2.89).Conclusionsrs4646903 minor alleles and interaction between rs4646903 and rs1048943 were associated with increased cervical cancer risk.
Antipyretic Effect of Clonidine in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Nested Observational Study
Authors: Mokhtari Majid , Sistanizad Mohammad , Farasatinasab Maryam 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFever in the intensive care unit (ICU) is usually an adaptive response to infection or inflammation. Pharmacological intervention is often required in addition to addressing the underlying causes of fever. Animal studies have examined the antipyretic effect of clonidine; however, to our knowledge there are no clinical data available in humans. The observation of an antipyretic effect of clonidine was made during a single‐center randomized control trial that was designed to study the effect of clonidine addition to the commonly used sedative agents in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Forty patients 18 years or older on mechanical ventilation for 3 days or longer were randomized into 2 groups receiving clonidine and placebo. In addition to the usual sedation/analgesia, patients in the clonidine arm received enteral clonidine in doses of 0.1 mg 3 times a day (TID), which was increased to 0.2 mg TID if the hemodynamics remained stable. Vital signs, laboratory data, all cultures, and daily ICU events were recorded. The odds ratio of temperature higher than 38.3°C was 3.96 times higher in the placebo group, after adjustment for the illness severity and the time of follow‐up (P = .049). A lower temperature (0.52°C) was observed in the clonidine group after adjustment for the time of follow‐up (P = .006). Our report is the first of its kind in humans that demonstrates possible antipyretic properties of enteral clonidine in the critically ill intensive care unit patient.
Admission inferior vena cava measurements are associated with mortality after hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Cubo‐Romano Pilar , Torres‐Macho Juan , Soni Nilam J. , Reyes Luis F. , Rodríguez‐Almodóvar Ana , Fernández‐Alonso Juan Manuel , González‐Davia Rosa , Casas‐Rojo José Manuel , Restrepo Marcos I. , de Casasola Gonzalo García 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDPrognostication of patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is important to patients, providers, and healthcare systems. Few bedside tools exist to prognosticate patients hospitalized with ADHF.OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to assess the relationship between inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and postdischarge mortality in patients hospitalized with ADHF.DESIGNProspective observational study.SETTINGA 247‐bed urban teaching hospital in SpainPATIENTSNinety‐seven patients hospitalized with ADHF.INTERVENTIONNone.MEASUREMENTSThe IVC diameter and collapsibility were measured by a hospitalist at the time of admission and discharge. Primary outcome was 90‐day all‐cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were readmission rates at 90 and 180 days, and 180‐day all‐cause mortality. Patients were followed for 180 days.RESULTSData from 80 patients were analyzed. From admission to discharge, a significant improvement in IVC maximum (IVCmax) diameter (2.12 vs 1.87 cm; P < 0.001) and IVC collapsibility (25.7% vs 33.1%; P < 0.001) was seen in the total study cohort. During the 90‐day follow‐up period, 11 patients (13.7%) died. An admission IVCmax diameter ≥1.9 cm was associated with a higher mortality rate at 90 days (25.4% vs 3.4%; P = 0.009) and 180 days (29.3% vs 3.4%; P = .003). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, admission IVCmax diameter was an independent predictor of 90‐day mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21‐28.10; P = 0.025) and 90‐day readmission (HR: 3.20; 95% CI: 1.24‐8.21; P = 0.016).CONCLUSIONIn patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure, a dilated IVC by bedside ultrasound at the time of admission is associated with a higher 90‐day mortality after hospitalization. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:778–784. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Analysis of waterspout environmental conditions and of parent‐storm behaviour based on satellite data over the southern Aegean Sea of Greece
Authors: Matsangouras I. T. , Nastos P. T. , Bluestein H. B. , Pytharoulis I. , Papachristopoulou K. , Miglietta M. M. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTA frequent area of waterspout formation is identified over the southern Aegean Sea. The objectives of this study are threefold: (1) to investigate the temporal evolution of Cloud Top Temperature (CTT) of cloud lines (waterspouts' parent clouds) that triggered the formation of single or multiple waterspout events, by using Meteorological Satellite Second Generation infrared satellite data, cloud base height data and weather observations from the closest Hellenic National Meteorological Service meteorological station; (2) to synthesize a detailed climatology of the thermodynamic environment during waterspout activity and (3) to explore the sea‐surface temperature (SST) seasonal distribution and its possible relationships with the temperature of the middle and lower troposphere during waterspout days over the southern Aegean Sea.It was found that the CTT of waterspout parent clouds decreases close to waterspout formation time, which is consistent with growing clouds. The Severe Weather Threat Index (SWEAT), the Bulk Richardson Number (BRN) and the Convective Potential Available Energy during the autumn season were consistent with a shallow‐convection environment. The instability parameter ΔT1000 (difference in the air temperature between 1000 hPa and that at other pressure levels) exhibited a symmetric distribution about the median during both seasons and at all levels. More than 75% of autumn waterspout activity over the southern Aegean Sea developed with SST values varying from 22 to 24.5 °C, while the instability parameter ΔTSST (the temperature difference between the SST and the temperature at various pressure levels) exhibited a symmetrical distribution about the median for both seasons and for all pressure levels, consistent with the ΔT1000 seasonal distribution. A statistical analysis showed that the means of SWEAT, BRN, convective inhibition, SST, ΔTSST and ΔT1000 from air temperature at 700 hPa differ statistically significant (p < 0.001) between waterspout and non‐waterspout days in autumn, over the southern Aegean Sea, during 2005–2012.
Ex vivo detection of tumoral lymph nodes of colorectal origin with fluorescence imaging after intraoperative intravenous injection of indocyanine green
Authors: Liberale Gabriel , Galdon Maria Gomez , Moreau Michel , Vankerckhove Sophie , El Nakadi Issam , Larsimont Denis , Donckier Vincent , Bourgeois Pierre 
Published: June 2016

Background and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging after intraoperative intravenous (IV) injection for the “ex vivo” detection of metastatic lymph nodes (mLNs) of colorectal cancer origin.MethodsFresh‐fixed LNs in cassettes and/or paraffin‐embedded LNs of patients included in a study that evaluated the role of ICG in the detection of peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin (Protocol NCT‐01995591) were further explored with a dedicated near‐infrared camera system for their fluorescence. An IV injection of ICG was delivered intraoperatively at 0.25 mg/kg. Signal to background ratios (SBRs) were calculated.ResultsLNs on operative specimens were evaluated for 12 patients (5 males, 7 females). A total of 182 LNs were analyzed. The mean LN number per patient was 15.2 (median: 15.5; range 3–22). SBRs of mLNs were significantly more fluorescent than benign LNs, 1.41 versus 1.04 arbitrary units (P < 0.0002). On univariate analysis, fluorescence was statistically correlated with LN surface area (>20 mm2) (P < 0.0004).ConclusionEx vivo ICG fluorescence imaging after intraoperative IV injection represents a potential method for detecting invaded LN's of colorectal cancer origin on operative specimens. Further clinical studies are needed to better define optimal techniques. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:348–353. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk factors for recurrence in stage II/III colorectal cancer patients treated with curative surgery: The impact of postoperative tumor markers and an infiltrative growth pattern
Authors: Tokodai Kazuaki , Narimatsu Hiroto , Nishida Akiko , Takaya Kai , Hara Yasuyuki , Kawagishi Naoki , Hashizume Eiji , Ohuchi Noriaki 
Published: June 2016

Background and ObjectivesWe evaluated the capacity of clinicopathological factors to predict recurrence in stage II/III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients after curative resection.MethodsWe retrospectively examined 386 stage II/III CRC patients who underwent curative resections between April 2008 and August 2013. We assessed the predictive power of pre‐ and postoperative tumor marker levels, lymphatic and venous invasion, and infiltrative growth patterns using Cox's proportional hazards model.ResultsOf 206 stage II and 180 stage III patients, 26 (13%) and 46 (26%) patients, respectively, developed recurrences with median follow‐up times of 51 and 45 months, respectively. Independent risk factors for recurrence were lymphatic invasion (hazard ratio [HR], 5.99; P = 0.0006) and infiltrative growth patterns (HR, 4.02; P = 0.017) in stage II patients; and elevated preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels (HR, 3.22; P = 0.004), elevated postoperative carbohydrate antigen 19–9 levels (HR, 5.08; P = 0.005), and infiltrative growth patterns (HR, 3.19; P = 0.037) in stage III patients.ConclusionsHigh‐recurrence risk can be identified in stage II/III CRC patients by assessing perioperative serum tumor marker levels, lymphatic invasion, and infiltrative growth patterns. Intensive follow‐up for patients with these risk factors may help detect recurrences promptly and improve survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:368–374. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Backbone Variation on Properties of Fluorinated Polyimides toward Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Grabiec Eugenia , Kotowicz Sonia , Siwy Mariola , Grucela Marzena , Schab‐Balcerzak Ewa 
Published: June 2016

The fluorinated polyimides are synthesized from 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride and various diamines containing fluorene, anthraquinone, phenanthridine, stilbene, and fluorenylidene units. The polymers exhibit high glass transition temperature (Tg = 170–261 °C) and high thermal stability with decomposition temperatures (Td) in the range of 320–560 °C and 290–520 °C in nitrogen atmosphere and in air, respectively. The optical properties, that is, absorption in UV–vis range and photoluminescence of obtained polyimides, are investigated in solution and in solid state as a blend with inert poly(methyl methacrylate). The polymers in solution and in solid state emit light in the range of 356–572 nm depending on the polymer structure. Additionally, the photoluminescence properties of the polyimide containing phenanthridine units in the backbone before and after protonation with HCl and methanesulfonic acid are tested in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone solution. All polyimides are electrochemically active and undergo an electrochemical reduction process as is found in cyclic voltammetry. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels are found in the range from −3.58 to −3.93 eV.
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Down the Stairs Dystonia—A Novel Task‐Specific Focal Isolated Syndrome
Authors: Menon Suresh , Muglan Jihad A. , Shimon Laith , Stewart Dwight , Snow Barry , Hayes Michael , Fung Victor S.C. , Jog Mandar S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractView Supplementary Video 1View Supplementary Video 2View Supplementary Video 3View Supplementary Video 4View Supplementary Video 5View Supplementary Video 6Adult‐onset, task‐specific dystonia of the lower limb is a rare occurrence. In this report, the authors present 6 cases of task‐specific dystonia manifested only when going down the stairs. These patients were seen by 6 different neurologists from across Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, and all videos were reviewed by 1 movement disorders specialist who made the final diagnosis. Video description of each case is also presented. All 6 patients demonstrated dystonia of 1 of their lower limbs specifically only when going down the stairs. The remainder of the neurological examination was normal, and distractibility, inconsistency, fixed dystonia, or a premonitory urge were absent, making functional movement disorder and tic disorder unlikely. These 6 patients display a distinct, adult‐onset, focal isolated dystonia manifested only on going down the stairs that is recognizable as a new task‐specific dystonia of the lower extremity.