bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Transverse Cascade and Sustenance of MRI Turbulence in Keplerian Disks with an Azimuthal Magnetic Field
Authors: Gogichaishvili D. , Mamatsashvili G. , Horton W. , Chagelishvili G. , Bodo G. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We investigate magnetohydrodynamic turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in Keplerian disks with a nonzero net azimuthal magnetic field using shearing box simulations. As distinct from previous studies, we analyze turbulence dynamics in Fourier (

-) space to understand its sustenance. The linear growth of the MRI with the azimuthal field has a transient character and is anisotropic in Fourier space, leading to anisotropy of nonlinear processes in Fourier space. As a result, the main nonlinear process appears to be a new type of angular redistribution of modes in Fourier space—the nonlinear transverse cascade—rather than the usual direct/inverse cascade. We demonstrate that the turbulence is sustained by the interplay of the linear transient growth of the MRI (which is the only energy supply for the turbulence) and the transverse cascade. These two processes operate at large length scales, comparable to the box size (disk scale height); the corresponding small wavenumber area, called the vital area in Fourier space, is crucial for the sustenance, while outside the vital area, direct cascade dominates. The interplay of the linear and nonlinear processes in Fourier space is generally too intertwined for a vivid schematization. Nevertheless, we reveal the basic subcycle of the sustenance that clearly shows the synergy of these processes in the self-organization of the magnetized flow system. This synergy is quite robust and persists for the considered different aspect ratios of the simulation boxes. The spectral characteristics of the dynamical processes in these boxes are qualitatively similar, indicating the universality of the sustenance mechanism of the MRI turbulence.
Radio-flaring Ultracool Dwarf Population Synthesis
Authors: Route Matthew 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Over a dozen ultracool dwarfs (UCDs), low-mass objects of spectral types ≥M7, are known to be sources of radio flares. These typically several-minutes-long radio bursts can be up to 100% circularly polarized and have high brightness temperatures, consistent with coherent emission via the electron cyclotron maser operating in approximately kilogauss magnetic fields. Recently, the statistical properties of the bulk physical parameters that describe these UCDs have become described adequately enough to permit synthesis of the population of radio-flaring objects. For the first time, I construct a Monte Carlo simulator to model the population of these radio-flaring UCDs. This simulator is powered by Intel Secure Key (ISK), a new processor technology that uses a local entropy source to improve random number generation that has heretofore been used to improve cryptography. The results from this simulator indicate that only ∼5% of radio-flaring UCDs within the local interstellar neighborhood (<25 pc away) have been discovered. I discuss a number of scenarios that may explain this radio-flaring fraction and suggest that the observed behavior is likely a result of several factors. The performance of ISK as compared to other pseudorandom number generators is also evaluated, and its potential utility for other astrophysical codes is briefly described.
Limb Darkening and Planetary Transits: Testing Center-to-limb Intensity Variations and Limb-darkening Directly from Model Stellar Atmospheres
Authors: Neilson Hilding R. , McNeil Joseph T. , Ignace Richard , Lester John B. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The transit method, employed by Microvariability and Oscillation of Stars (MOST), Kepler, and various ground-based surveys has enabled the characterization of extrasolar planets to unprecedented precision. These results are precise enough to begin to measure planet atmosphere composition, planetary oblateness, starspots, and other phenomena at the level of a few hundred parts per million. However, these results depend on our understanding of stellar limb darkening, that is, the intensity distribution across the stellar disk that is sequentially blocked as the planet transits. Typically, stellar limb darkening is assumed to be a simple parameterization with two coefficients that are derived from stellar atmosphere models or fit directly. In this work, we revisit this assumption and compute synthetic planetary-transit light curves directly from model stellar atmosphere center-to-limb intensity variations (CLIVs) using the plane-parallel Atlas and spherically symmetric SAtlas codes. We compare these light curves to those constructed using best-fit limb-darkening parameterizations. We find that adopting parametric stellar limb-darkening laws leads to systematic differences from the more geometrically realistic model stellar atmosphere CLIV of about 50–100 ppm at the transit center and up to 300 ppm at ingress/egress. While these errors are small, they are systematic, and they appear to limit the precision necessary to measure secondary effects. Our results may also have a significant impact on transit spectra.
A Spectral-line Analysis of the G8 III Standard ε VIR
Authors: Gray David F. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Eleven seasons of spectroscopic data comprised of 107 exposures for the stable G8 III standard star, ε Vir are analyzed for projected rotation rate and granulation parameters. A Fourier analysis of the line shapes yield v sin i = 3.06 ± 0.20 km s−1 and a radial-tangential macroturbulence dispersion ζ
RT = 5.16 ± 0.08 km s−1. The radial velocity over nine seasons is constant to 18 m s−1. The absolute radial velocity with granulation blueshifts (but not gravitational redshift) removed is −14120 ± 75 m s−1. Line-depth ratios show the temperature to be constant to 0.7 K over 11 years, although a small secular rise or cyclic variation ∼1 K cannot be ruled out. The third-signature plot shows that the star has granulation velocities 10% larger than the Sun's. Mapping the Fe i
λ6253 line bisector on to the third-signature plot indicates a normal-for-giants flux deficit area of 12.8%, indicating ∼134 K temperature difference between granules and lanes. Deficit velocities of GK giants are seen to shift to higher values with higher luminosity, ∼0.75 km s−1 over ΔM
V ∼ 1.5, indicating larger velocity differences between granules and lanes for giants higher in the HR diagram.
ALMA Maps of Dust and Warm Dense Gas Emission in the Starburst Galaxy IC 5179*
Authors: Zhao 赵 Yinghe 应和 , Lu Nanyao , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Xu C. Kevin , Gao 高 Yu 煜 , Charmandaris Vassilis , Werf Paul van der , Zhang 张 Zhi-Yu 智昱 , Cao Chen 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present our high-resolution (0.″15 × 0.″13, ∼34 pc) observations of the CO (6−5) line emission, which probes the warm and dense molecular gas, and the 434 μm dust continuum emission in the nuclear region of the starburst galaxy IC 5179, conducted with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). The CO (6−5) emission is spatially distributed in filamentary structures with many dense cores and shows a velocity field that is characteristic of a circumnuclear rotating gas disk, with 90% of the rotation speed arising within a radius of ≲150 pc. At the scale of our spatial resolution, the CO (6−5) and dust emission peaks do not always coincide, with their surface brightness ratio varying by a factor of ∼10. This result suggests that their excitation mechanisms are likely different, as further evidenced by the southwest to northeast spatial gradient of both CO-to-dust continuum ratio and Pa-α equivalent width. Within the nuclear region (radius ∼ 300 pc) and with a resolution of ∼34 pc, the CO line flux (dust flux density) detected in our ALMA observations is 180 ± 18 Jy km s−1 (71 ± 7 mJy), which accounts for 22% (2.4%) of the total value measured by Herschel.
Splintering South: Ecologically Unequal Exchange Theory in a Fragmented Global Climate
Authors: Ciplet David , Roberts J. Timmons 
Published: August 2017

The article examines the changing nature of politics in the United Nations climate negotiations through the lens of ecologically unequal exchange theory, focusing on the lead up to and aftermath of the 2015 Paris negotiations. We identify and discuss three areas of tension that have emerged within the G-77 coalition: tensions within the global semi-periphery, tensions between the semi-periphery and periphery, and tensions within the periphery. Together, these tensions challenge the main link of solidarity in the G-77 coalition: the idea that all countries in the global South share a common predicament in the global system, with the North solely to blame. Drawing upon this case, we offer three related insights to develop ecologically unequal exchange theory. First, theory and empirical work must better consider the role of the semi-periphery, and divisions within the semi-periphery, in reproducing ecologically unequal societies. Second, theory should account for how fragmentation between the periphery and semi-periphery may produce distinct challenges for peripheral states to resist governance forms which intensify ecologically unequal exchange. Third, theory should better account for the ways in which ecologically unequal exchange as mobilized as a collective action frame reflects and diverges from the real-world distribution of environmental goods and bads in the world system.
The Treadmill of Destruction in Comparative Perspective: A Panel Study of Military Spending and Carbon Emissions, 1960-2014
Authors: Bradford John Hamilton , Stoner Alexander M. 
Published: August 2017

This article analyzes a unique panel data set to assess the effect of militarism on per capita carbon dioxide emissions. We extend previous research examining the effects of military expenditures on carbon emissions by including in our analyses over 30 years of additional data. In addition, we compare our preliminary results to those obtained from other estimation procedures. Specifically, we report and visually illustrate the results of 54 cross-sectional models (one for each year) and 36 unique panel regression models on both balanced and unbalanced panels. We assess how this relationship has changed over time by testing for interactions between military spending and time and by systematically re-analyzing our data across 180 panel regressions with varying time frames. A strong and enduring association between military spending and per capita carbon emissions is indicated in cross-sectional comparisons. Our panel analyses reveal a much weaker and varying relationship that has become stronger in recent decades. Moreover, we find that the effect of military spending on per capita carbon emissions is moderated by countries’ level of economic development, with military spending of more wealthy countries having relatively larger net effects on carbon emissions. We partially confirm previous findings on the temporal stability of the environmental impacts of militarism. Our analyses show, however, that this temporal stability has emerged relatively recently, and that the relationship between military expenditures and carbon emissions is weaker prior to the 1990s.
Environmentalism in the Periphery: Institutional Embeddedness and Deforestation among Fifteen Palm Oil Producers, 1990 – 2012
Authors: Henderson Kent , Shorette Kristen 
Published: August 2017

Environmental sociologists highlight the exploitative nature of the global capitalist economy where resource extraction from nations in the periphery tends to disproportionately benefit those of the core. From the Brazilian Amazon to mineral-rich Sub-Saharan Africa, the practice of “unequal ecological exchange” persists. Simultaneously, a “global environmental regime” has coalesced as a prominent feature of the contemporary world system. In the post-World War II era, legitimate nation-states must take steps to protect the natural environment and prevent its degradation even at their own economic expense. Stronger national ties to global institutions, particularly international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) consistently yield more positive environmental outcomes. However, previous work suggests that normative expectations for improved environmental practice will be weak or nonexistent in the periphery. We use the case of palm oil production and its relationship to deforestation to provide a more nuanced analysis of the relationship between material and institutional forces in the periphery. Using unbalanced panels of fifteen palm oil producing countries from 1990 to 2012, we find that stronger national ties to world society via citizen memberships in INGOs result in greater primary forest area among palm oil producers. However, this effect is strongest where production is lowest and weakens as production increases. Even in the cases of Indonesia and Malaysia, where palm oil production is substantially higher than any other producer, ties to global institutions are significantly related to reduced forest loss. These results indicate the variable importance of national embeddedness into global institutions within the periphery of the world system.
PRECIPITATED NANO ZINC HYDROXIDE ON THE SILICA SURFACE AS AN ALTERNATIVE CURE ACTIVATOR IN THE VULCANIZATION OF NATURAL RUBBER
Authors: Alam Md. Najib , Potiyaraj Pranut 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
We synthesized precipitated zinc hydroxide on the surface of precipitated silica via a conventional precipitation method. The zinc hydroxide is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope, X-ray diffraction, and field-emission scanning electron microscope measurements. The synthesized zinc hydroxide is a platelike structure with an average nano dimension of 40 nm in crystalline depth. The aim of the present study is to reduce the cure activator level of conventional environment pollutant zinc oxide in the vulcanization of natural rubber. To study the effects of the synthesized zinc hydroxide on the vulcanization of natural rubber curing, mechanical and thermal properties were determined and compared with the vulcanized properties of conventional 5 phr (per hundred grams of rubber) zinc oxide cured rubber vulcanizate. A strong enhancement in the cross-link density and mechanical properties (namely, modulus, tensile strength, and hardness) with only 2 phr of synthesized zinc hydroxide cured rubber system compared with 5 phr of conventional zinc oxide cured rubber system was found. A slightly higher thermal stability of 2 phr zinc hydroxide cured vulcanizate was observed because of better cross-link density than conventional 5 phr zinc oxide cured rubber vulcanizate. Thus, by this novel method, a greater than 60% reduction of the conventional cure activator level can be possible with improved physical properties in the vulcanization of natural rubber.
The Use of a Virtual Patient to Follow Pleural Pressure Changes Associated with Therapeutic Thoracentesis
Authors: Gólczewski Tomasz , Stecka Anna M. , Michnikowski Marcin , Grabczak Elżbieta M. , Korczyński Piotr , Krenke Rafał 
Published: August 2017

Purpose Influence of therapeutic thoracentesis on the pleural pressure (Pp) has been discussed in many clinical studies, however reasons of Pp changes are not precisely established. The aim of the study was to use a previously elaborated virtual cardiopulmonary patient (VP) in analysis of impact of physiological factors on Pp during the procedure. Methods Simulations were performed on VP with default values of parameters for which VP simulated the respiratory system of the average 50-year-old healthy Polish woman according to spirometric examination. Alterations of Pp and the amplitude of Pp changes related to breathing (AP) were analyzed. Model parameters related to chosen factors were deviated from their default values to analyze the degree of their impact on Pp and AP. The analysis was based on and supported by our own clinical data. Results The Pp and AP alteration intensity appeared to be most sensitive to the compliances of the rib cage and mediastinum, and the nonlinearity of the dependence between the recoil pressure and the lung volume: the lower the compliances and the higher the nonlinearity were, the deeper the Pp fall during the procedure and the bigger the AP increase were observed. Conclusions Experiments in silico are very useful in analyzing sophisticated physiological and medical problems. They made it possible to show which factors are particularly responsible for changes in Pp during thoracentesis. In the future, they may be useful in establishing objective conditions under which thoracentesis needs to be stopped.
Extraction of trapped double J in ureteroscope: a novel technique
Authors: Akhavizadegan Hamed 
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Urological endoscopes and percutaneous devices are expensive and their maintenance and cleaning need special attention. Sometimes urologists can help repairing their devices. Case description: During taking out a Double J, Double J was trapped in the working channel of ureteroscope unintentionally. It was not possible to take it out by pushing methods. Finally, Double J was pulled out by a changed nephrostomy needle to a small curve hook. Conclusions: Using the hand-made hook to pull out a trapped Double J from ureteroscope does not destroy the device.
Lærerarbejdet mellem konceptstyring og professionsetos - om liv og modstandsformer i skolestrukturerne
Authors: Olsen Bent 
Published: August 2017

Artiklen følger tre lærere, der alle har set sig nødsaget til at revidere den lærergerning, de havde forberedt sig til. Deres møde med lokale og centrale styringsformer af skolen har begrænset anvendelsen af deres erhvervede kundskaber i et sådant omfang, at de enten har måttet revidere deres væren i erhvervet eller helt forlade det. De tre cases bearbejdes med udgangspunkt i de spændinger mellem individ og institution som E. Goffman og P. Bourdieu har undersøgt som tilpasnings- og modstandsformer. Artiklen behandler disse to spørgsmål: Under hvilke sociale betingelser bliver den hengivne identifikation med lærererhvervet til, hvad betinger ’ildsjælens’ investeringer i sit arbejde? Og hvad sker der med lærerens selvforståelse, når rummet for mulige mod standsformer svinder ind?Nøgleord: Lærer; modstand; afprofessionalisering; Goffman; BourdieuAbstractThe article follows three teachers, who have all felt pressured to revise the professional life they all had prepared for. Their encounters with local and central legal authorities responsible for school administration seem to have limited the exercise of their acquired skills to such an extent that they either have had to consider whether they are to remain in the profession or simply leave it. The three cases are analysed with focus on the tension involved in being an individual in an institutional setting. Contradictions of assimilation and resistance in the teachers’ lives are handled using the theoretical frameworks of E. Goffman and P. Bourdieu. The article deals with two questions: What kind of social conditions promote the devoted and highly enthusiastic professional teacher? And what happens to the teachers’ self-recognition when the scope of possible forms of resistance becomes restricted? Keywords: Teacher; resistance; deprofessionalization; Goffman; Bourdieu
A RELEVÂNCIA DO TERCEIRO SETOR NA CONSTRUÇÃO DO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO
Authors: Oliveira Wagner Vinícius 
Published: August 2017

<p>Analisar as contribuições que o terceiro setor proporciona para a construção do paradigma democrático é a função precípua deste conciso escrito, que possui como objeto de análise acadêmica sua atuação e prováveis contribuições para o aprimoramento do Estado Democrático de Direito. Busca-se, ainda que consciente das limitações, compreender a relevância da atuação na promoção de políticas públicas que proporcionem a concretização do paradigma democrático. O enfoque está em compreender o terceiro setor, a partir de uma perspectiva democrática mediante a realização de diálogo interdisciplinar, superando os modelos de Estado liberal e social, bem como, o mero assistencialismo social reflexo deste último. A metodologia adotada é a análise crítica comparativa das estruturas teóricas que definem os temas, confrontando-os com os dados obtidos no Projeto de Extensão que realizou o diagnóstico das instituições do terceiro setor no entorno da PUC Barreiro produzindo a necessária análise mediante a indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Resultando na elaboração de instrumento de pesquisa formando fonte de consultas que poderão orientar futuras investigações e possíveis diretrizes para políticas públicas. Por fim, arremata-se que reduzir as instituições do terceiro setor, instrumento de participação nas funções estatais, a simples prestadores de serviços ou “empreendimentos sociais” apresenta-se contraproducente, além de produzir uma tensão com o paradigma democrático. Ao revés, o empoderamento das organizações civis, sobretudo pela realização de projetos de extensão, é salutar para a construção e aprimoramento do Estado Democrático de Direito.</p>
Faglig kommunikation i et professionelt fællesskab – om sproglige og kommunikative muligheder for faglighed i praksis
Authors: Troelsen Solveig 
Published: August 2017

Abstract This article is based on a project in ‘VIA Pedagogy, Teaching and Learning’ aiming to maintain and develop the professionalism of newly educated teachers during their first years of teaching. Recent research reveals challenges in students’ transition from teacher education to professional teaching life and suggests possible reasons why teachers tend to refrain from participating in professional peer dialogue. The article claims that lack of professional terminology might be one among several reasons for this and describes an intervention made in order to encourage and develop the use of professional terminology among newly educated teachers. Resumé Artiklen tager afsæt i et forsknings- og udviklingsprojekt i VIA Profession og Uddannelse med fokus på fastholdelse og udvikling af nydimitterede læreres faglighed i de første år i praksis. Med udgangspunkt i en række undersøgelser afdækkes udfordringer i transitionen fra læreruddannelse til lærerprofession, og mulige årsager til, at lærere ofte afstår fra at formulere sig fagligt i kollegial dialog, identificeres. I forlængelse heraf peges på læreres manglende fagsprog som en mulig delforklaring, og der gives et eksempel på en intervention i form af et tidsskrift som ét tiltag blandt flere, der kan medvirke til at styrke lærernes udvikling af et professionelt fagsprog.
Kompetencer i skole og uddannelse
Authors: Madsen Peter Hougaard 
Published: August 2017

Artiklen er en invitation til overvejelser over begrebet ’kompetence’ som pædagogisk begreb med afsæt i fem forskellige kompetencebegreber: Et uddannelsespolitisk, et didaktisk, et læringsteoretisk, et kompleksitetshåndterende og et politisk dannende kompetencebegreb.De fem kompetencebegreber er ingenlunde dækkende for alt, hvad der kan siges om kompetencer i skole og uddannelse. Men hver på sin måde bidrager de til den aktuelle pædagogiske og skole- og uddannelsespolitiske diskurs. Artiklen introducerer og behandler de fem kompetencebegreber i nævnte rækkefølge og i en samlet bestræbelse på at kvalificere ’kompetence’ som pædagogisk begreb.