bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE LOCATIONAL DYNAMICS OF MANUFACTURING IN CHINA'S COUNTIES: INFLUENCE OF EXPRESSWAY INVESTMENT
Authors: Xu Hangtian , Zhou Hao , Liang Liang 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the impact of expressway investment in China's counties. By identifying expressway accessibility through toll station locations, we estimate the manufacturing distribution along expressways for 2001–2005. We find that expressway accessibility promotes manufacturing employment for inland counties by around 41 percent; however, for coastal counties that already have high road density and dense manufacturing layouts, the returns from new expressways are small. Furthermore, counties close to large cities benefit more from expressway accessibility than do counties that are far from them. The gap first increases in the period of expressway construction and then decreases as expressway effects are smoothed.
Extra‐hepatic replication and infection of hepatitis E virus in neuronal‐derived cells
Authors: Drave S. A. , Debing Y. , Walter S. , Todt D. , Engelmann M. , Friesland M. , Wedemeyer H. , Neyts J. , Behrendt P. , Steinmann E. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryHepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E in humans and a member of the genus Orthohepevirus in the family Hepeviridae. Infection usually leads to acute hepatitis that can become fulminant, particularly among pregnant women and in patients with preexisting liver disease, or may evolve to a chronic state, especially in immunosuppressed individuals. HEV has been shown to produce a range of extra‐hepatic manifestations including aplastic anaemia, acute thyroiditis, glomerulonephritis as well as neurological disorders such as Guillain‐Barré syndrome, neuralgic amyotrophy and encephalitis. The pathogenesis of these neurological injuries remains largely unknown, and it is also uncertain whether or not HEV can directly infect neuronal cells. In this study, we investigated whether HEV is capable of completing the viral life cycle in human neuronal‐derived cell lines such as neuroepithelioma (SK‐N‐MC), desmoplastic cerebellar medulloblastoma (DAOY), glioblastoma multiforme (DBTRG), glioblastoma astrocytoma (U‐373 MG) and oligodendrocytic (M03.13) cells. Following transfection of these cells with HEV Gaussia luciferase reporter virus, all tested cell lines supported HEV RNA replication. Furthermore, extra‐ and intracellular viral capsid was detected by an HEV antigen ELISA as a marker for virus assembly and release. Permissiveness for HEV cell entry could be demonstrated for the oligodendrocytic cell line M03.13. In conclusion, these results indicate that HEV tropism is not restricted to the liver and HEV can potentially complete the full viral life cycle in neuronal‐derived tissues explaining neurologic disorders during HEV infection.
Root‐knot nematodes induce pattern‐triggered immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana roots
Authors: Teixeira Marcella A. , Wei Lihui , Kaloshian Isgouhi 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Root‐knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) are plant parasites with a broad host range causing great losses worldwide. To parasitize their hosts, RKNs establish feeding sites in roots known as giant cells. The majority of work studying plant–RKN interactions in susceptible hosts addresses establishment of the giant cells and there is limited information on the early defense responses.

Here we characterized early defense or pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) against RKNs in Arabidopsis thaliana. To address PTI, we evaluated known canonical PTI signaling mutants with RKNs and investigated the expression of PTI marker genes after RKN infection using both quantitative PCR and β‐glucuronidase reporter transgenic lines.

We showed that PTI‐compromised plants have enhanced susceptibility to RKNs, including the bak1‐5 mutant. BAK1 is a common partner of distinct receptors of microbe‐ and damage‐associated molecular patterns. Furthermore, our data indicated that nematode recognition leading to PTI responses involves camalexin and glucosinolate biosynthesis. While the RKN‐induced glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway was BAK1‐dependent, the camalexin biosynthetic pathway was only partially dependent on BAK1.

Combined, our results indicate the presence of BAK1‐dependent and ‐independent PTI against RKNs in A. thaliana, suggesting the existence of diverse nematode recognition mechanisms.
Effects of multipurpose solutions on the adhesion of Acanthamoeba to rigid gas permeable contact lenses
Authors: Lee Ga‐Hyun , Yu Hak‐Sun , Lee Ji‐Eun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of multipurpose contact lens care solutions (MPSs) on the adhesion of Acanthamoeba to rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses.MethodsAcanthamoeba castellanii (AC) trophozoites were inoculated onto untreated RGP contact lenses (FP, Extra, or Menicon Z), and numbers of trophozoites adhering to lenses were counted under a phase contrast microscope at 18 h post‐inoculation (controls). Similarly, adhering trophozoites were counted at 6 h post‐inoculation on each of the three RGP lens types with one of three MPSs (Boston Simplus, Menicare Plus, and O2 Care). Scanning electron microscopic examinations were performed to compare lens surfaces.ResultsAdhesion of AC trophozoites to untreated FP was greater than to untreated Extra or Menicon Z. Surfaces of Extra and Menicon Z lenses were waxier, smoother, and more homogeneous than those of FP lenses. After treatment with Boston Simplus, adhesion of AC trophozoites was significantly reduced for all lens types as compared with controls (p < 0.0001). Treatments with Menicare Plus or O2 Care reduced the number of adherent AC trophozoites significantly on FP lenses only as compared with controls (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe adhesion rates of AC trophozoites to RGP lenses depended on lens surfaces. Boston Simplus reduced the adhesion rate of AC trophozoites more than Menicare Plus or O2 Care. Appropriate RGP lens and MPS selection could decrease the prevalence of Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Profile of refractive errors in European Caucasian children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder; increased prevalence and magnitude of astigmatism
Authors: Anketell Pamela M. , Saunders Kathryn J. , Gallagher Stephen , Bailey Clare , Little Julie‐Anne 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeAutistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by impairment of communication, social interaction and repetitive behaviours. Only a small number of studies have investigated fundamental clinical measures of vision including refractive error. The aim of this study was to describe the refractive profile of a population of children with ASD compared to typically developing (TD) children.MethodsRefractive error was assessed using the Shin‐Nippon NVision‐K 5001 open‐field autorefractor following the instillation of cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1% eye drops.ResultsA total of 128 participants with ASD (mean age 10.9 ± 3.3 years) and 206 typically developing participants (11.5 ± 3.1 years) were recruited. There was no significant difference in median refractive error, either by spherical equivalent or most ametropic meridian between the ASD and TD groups (Spherical equivalent, Mann–Whitney U307 = 1.15, p = 0.25; Most Ametropic Meridian, U305 = 0.52, p = 0.60). Median refractive astigmatism was −0.50DC (range 0.00 to −3.50DC) for the ASD group and −0.50DC (Range 0.00 to −2.25DC) for the TD group. Magnitude and prevalence of refractive astigmatism (defined as astigmatism ≥1.00DC) was significantly greater in the ASD group compared to the typically developing group (ASD 26%, TD 8%, magnitude U305 = 3.86, p = 0.0001; prevalence ( , p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThis is the first study to describe the refractive profile of a population of European Caucasian children with ASD compared to a TD population of children. Unlike other neurodevelopmental conditions, there was no increased prevalence of spherical refractive errors in ASD but astigmatic errors were significantly greater in magnitude and prevalence. This highlights the need to examine refractive errors in this population.
Myopia among school students in rural China (Yunnan)
Authors: Qian Deng‐Juan , Zhong Hua , Li Jun , Niu Zhiqiang , Yuan Yuansheng , Pan Chen‐Wei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeWe described the prevalence and associated factors of myopia and high myopia in school children of different ethnicities in a rural community in Yunnan province, China.MethodsA total of 7681 (93.4%) primary and secondary school students aged 5–16 years in Mangshi participated in this study. Cycloplegic refraction was performed using an auto‐refractor. Information regarding demographic factors, socioeconomic status and lifestyle‐related exposures were collected using a questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the risk factors for myopia and high myopia.ResultsThe overall prevalence of myopia and high myopia was 39.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.0, 40.2) and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.4, 0.8) in this study. Myopia prevalence increased significantly with increasing age (p for trend <0.001). Girls were more likely to have myopia compared with boys (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the presence of myopia was associated with increasing height (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03), computer use (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.32), having myopic father (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.94), having myopic mother (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.63), and increasing time on reading (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.28) after adjusting for age, sex and ethnicity.ConclusionsNowadays myopia but not high myopia is prevalent among school children in rural China. Significant ethnic differences in myopia prevalence were not observed. A significant ‘cohort effect’ of myopia previously observed in urban cities had occurred in rural communities in China.
Validation of a New Arabic Version of the Neuropathic Pain Diagnostic Questionnaire (DN4)
Authors: Chatila Nadwa , Pereira Bruno , Maarrawi Joseph , Dallel Radhouane 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe “Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire” was developed for screening neuropathic pain. The purpose of this work was to validate the DN4 questionnaire in the standard Arabic language. First, the questionnaire was translated and semantically adapted to Arabic according to the international guidelines for cross‐cultural adaptation. Second, a prospective observational study was performed to validate this questionnaire.A total of 195 patients with chronic pain (n = 99 with neuropathic pain and n = 96 without neuropathic pain) were enrolled in the study. The internal consistency Kuder–Richardson's Formula 20 for the whole DN4 questionnaire was 0.86 (P < 0.001) and the intraclass correlation coefficient 0.99 (95% CI: 0.99 to 1.00). The test–retest reliability kappa coefficient for each item ranged from 0.92 to 1.00. Using a receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the areas under the curve were 0.94 and 0.97 for the 7‐item DN4 and 10‐item DN4, respectively. A cut‐off score of 3 resulted in a sensitivity of 97.0% and a specificity of 82.3% for the 7‐item DN4, while a cut‐off score of 5 for the 10‐item DN4 resulted in a sensitivity of 93.0% and a specificity of 95.8%. Tingling, numbness, and hypoesthesia to touch and to pricking were the most discriminating pain items. The sensitivity and specificity of the 7‐item DN4 and 10‐item DN4 were not influenced by either pain severity or educational level.In conclusion, this new Arabic version DN4 questionnaire is a simple, reliable, and valid tool for discriminating between neuropathic and non‐neuropathic pain. It represents a useful tool in clinical setting and population‐based studies.
Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with mixed‐type fulminant autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Hirano Yoko , Itonaga Takaaki , Yasudo Hiroki , Isojima Tsuyoshi , Miura Kenichiro , Harita Yutaka , Sekiguchi Masahiro , Kato Motohiro , Takita Junko , Oka Akira 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe report the case of a 9‐year‐old girl who presented with mixed‐type fulminant autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) at the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). On admission, laboratory investigations indicated very severe anemia (Hb, 2.7 g/dL) with reticulocytosis and positive direct/indirect Coombs tests. In addition, agglutinative reaction was clinically observed. Based on further examinations, the patient was diagnosed with AIHA complicated with SLE, and mixed‐type AIHA was clinically identified. With oral prednisolone and methylprednisolone pulse therapy, the patient entered remission.
Traumatic herniation of the buccal fat pad
Authors: Iehara Tomoko , Tomoyasu Chihiro , Nakajima Hisakazu , Osamura Toshio , Hosoi Hajime 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTraumatic herniation of the buccal fat pad is a rare traumatic disease. Treatment consists of either excision or replacement. We herein report the first case in which a traumatic herniation of the buccal fat pad healed naturally. It was necessary to differentiate the disease from lipoblastoma. A 17‐month‐old boy was admitted to a clinic with an intraoral tumor that had suddenly increased in size. The tumor was diagnosed as herniation of the buccal fat pad on pathology of a biopsy specimen. In the present case, the escaped buccal fat body returned naturally and engrafted without dysfunction or facial defects. Given that young children may easily fall down with various objects in their mouth, care is required to prevent traumatic accidents. Traumatic herniation of the buccal fat pad should be considered in the differentiation of tumors of the oral cavity in young children.
Decompressive craniectomy 116 h after malignant middle cerebral artery infarction
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Yamamoto Kazuki , Akutsu Nobuyuki , Kusumoto Mayumi , Kajihara Shinsuke , Yamaguchi Yoshimichi , Takeda Hiroki , Kawamura Atsushi , Uetani Yoshiyuki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe optimal timing of decompressive craniectomy in pediatric patients after presentation with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction is unknown. We report herein the case of a previously healthy 6‐year‐old Japanese girl who had good outcome after emergency decompressive craniectomy 116 h after malignant middle cerebral artery infarction. This case suggests that the timing of decompressive craniectomy can be delayed until deterioration of neurological findings and, compared with adults, a more prolonged time course for surgical intervention might be acceptable.
Outcome of renal proximal tubular dysfunction with Fanconi syndrome caused by sodium valproate
Authors: Yamazaki Sawako , Watanabe Toru , Sato Seiichi , Yoshikawa Hideto 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough Fanconi syndrome is rare in patients with epilepsy treated with sodium valproate (VPA), the prevalence might be higher in children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID). VPA‐induced Fanconi syndrome usually has a favorable outcome, but the long‐term outcome of renal tubular dysfunction in SMID patients remains unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the long‐term outcome of renal proximal dysfunction in SMID children with Fanconi syndrome caused by VPA.MethodsThe records of six children with SMID and Fanconi syndrome caused by VPA were retrospectively reviewed to assess long‐term proximal renal tubular function after discontinuation of VPA. All six patients had intractable epilepsy and required tube feeding.ResultsProximal tubular dysfunction improved in almost all patients after VPA discontinuation, although abnormal uric acid reabsorption persisted in three patients. Five patients had hypocarnitinemia. After carnitine supplementation, one of these three patients with decreased ability to reabsorb uric acid had a normal serum level and improved fractional excretion of uric acid.ConclusionsSecondary carnitine deficiency may cause prolonged tubular dysfunction in some SMID patients with VPA‐induced Fanconi syndrome. Fanconi syndrome caused by VPA is a usually reversible dysfunction of the proximal tubules, but can be permanent. Although not effective for all patients, carnitine is recommended for patients with VPA‐induced Fanconi syndrome, especially children with SMID.
Neural and non‐neural contributions to sexual dimorphism of mid‐day sleep in Drosophila melanogaster: a pilot study
Authors: Khericha Mobina , Kolenchery Jaison B. , Tauber Eran 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMany of the characteristics associated with mammalian sleep are also observed in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, making the fruit fly a powerful model organism for studying the genetics of this important process. Included among the similarities is the presence of sexual dimorphic sleep patterns, which, in flies, are manifested as increased mid‐day sleep (‘siesta’) in males compared with females. In the present study, targeted mis‐expression of the genes transformer (tra) and tra2 is used to either feminize or masculinize specific neural and non‐neural tissues in the fly. Feminization of male D. melanogaster using three different GAL4 drivers that are expressed in the mushroom bodies induces a female‐like reduced siesta, whereas the masculinization of females using these drivers triggers the male‐like increased siesta. A similar reversal of sex‐specific sleep is also observed by mis‐expressing tra in the fat body, which is a key tissue in energy metabolism and hormone secretion. In addition, the daily expression levels of takeout, an important circadian clock output gene, are sexually dimorphic. Taken together, these experiments suggest that sleep sexual dimorphism in D. melanogaster is driven by multiple neural and non‐neural circuits, within and outside the brain.
Histological methods to detect the clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae during its complex life cycle
Authors: Schuller A. , Ludwig‐Müller J. 
Published: February 2016

The clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae is an obligate biotrophic protist that lives in close relationship with its host cell. The roots of the host plants are colonized and the plant growth is altered upon infection. While shoots can be stunted and show wilt symptoms after longer infection periods, the root system is converted to a tumorous root tissue, called ‘clubroot’, by alterations of the plant growth promoting hormones auxin, cytokinin and brassinosteroid. Because the life cycle occurs largely within the host cells, this leads to dramatic changes in host root morphology and anatomy. Thus, the identification of the respective protist structures in the host tissue by microscopy is challenging. Different staining methods as well as fluorescence and electron microscopy of thin sections can reveal specific life stages of P. brassicae and can yield additional information on the changes in the host tissues concerning, for example, cell wall properties. In addition, promoter–reporter fusions, immunostaining methods and in situ hybridization techniques can be used to gain additional information on the changes in the host roots.
The ambulatory hypotensive effect of aerobic training: a reappraisal through a meta‐analysis of selected moderators
Authors: Sosner P. , Guiraud T. , Gremeaux V. , Arvisais D. , Herpin D. , Bosquet L. 
Published: February 2016

The effectiveness of regular exercise in decreasing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) is well‐established. Our purpose was to assess the impact of both subject and physical activity program characteristics on ambulatory BP through a meta‐analysis of the existing literature. Three databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science) were searched using relevant terms and strategies. From 637 identified records, 37 studies met inclusion criteria: details about training intervention and participant characteristics, pre‐ and post‐training ambulatory BP measurements, at home (HBPM) or during 24‐h (ABPM). The weighted mean difference was for 24‐h systolic/diastolic ABPM (n = 847 participants): −4.06/−2.77 mmHg (95%CI: −5.19 to −2.93/−3.58 to −1.97; P < 0.001), for daytime (ABPM or HBPM, n = 983): −3.78/−2.73 mmHg (95%CI: −5.09 to −2.47/−3.57 to −1.89; P < 0.001) and nighttime ABPM periods (n = 796): −2.35/−1.70 mmHg (95%CI: −3.26 to −1.44/−2.45 to −0.95; P < 0.001). Characteristics significantly influencing BP improvement were: an initial office BP ≥130/85 mmHg and diet‐induced weight‐loss. We found no differences according to sex, age, or training characteristics (intensity, number of sessions, training duration). Antihypertensive effects of aerobic training assessed by ambulatory BP measurements appear significant and clinically relevant for both daytime and nighttime periods, in particular for participants with an office BP ≥130/85 mmHg.
Back pain prevalence in adolescent athletes
Authors: Müller J. , Müller S. , Stoll J. , Fröhlich K. , Otto C. , Mayer F. 
Published: February 2016

The research aimed to investigate back pain (BP) prevalence in a large cohort of young athletes with respect to age, gender, and sport discipline. BP (within the last 7 days) was assessed with a face scale (face 1–2 = no pain; face 3–5 = pain) in 2116 athletes (m/f 61%/39%; 13.3 ± 1.7 years; 163.0 ± 11.8 cm; 52.6 ± 13.9 kg; 4.9 ± 2.7 training years; 8.4 ± 5.7 training h/week). Four different sports categories were devised (a: combat sports, b: game sports; c: explosive strength sport; d: endurance sport). Analysis was described descriptively, regarding age, gender, and sport. In addition, 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. About 168 (8%) athletes were allocated into the BP group. About 9% of females and 7% of males reported BP. Athletes, 11–13 years, showed a prevalence of 2–4%; while prevalence increased to 12–20% in 14‐ to 17‐year olds. Considering sport discipline, prevalence ranged from 3% (soccer) to 14% (canoeing). Prevalences in weight lifting, judo, wrestling, rowing, and shooting were ≥10%; in boxing, soccer, handball, cycling, and horse riding, ≤6%. 95% CI ranged between 0.08–0.11. BP exists in adolescent athletes, but is uncommon and shows no gender differences. A prevalence increase after age 14 is obvious. Differentiated prevention programs in daily training routines might address sport discipline‐specific BP prevalence.
Visceral leishmaniasis after orthotopic liver transplantation: a rare cause of infection
Authors: Pereira C.M. , Oliveira H.M. , Lopes V. , Gandara J. , Ferreira S. , Daniel J. , Miranda H.P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) was known as an opportunistic infection associated with immunosuppression, particularly related to human immunodeficiency virus infection and rarely to solid organ transplant recipients. We report a case of VL, 6 months after liver transplantation, in a patient who presented with febrile pancytopenia. The diagnosis was made by demonstration of amastigotes in smears from bone marrow. VL is a very rare infection in patients who undergo liver transplantation and, to our knowledge, this is the first case diagnosed in Portugal.
Economic burden of underweight and overweight among adults in the Asia‐Pacific region: a systematic review
Authors: Hoque Mohammad Enamul , Mannan Munim , Long Kurt Z. , Mamun Abdullah Al 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the economic burden of underweight and overweight among adults in the Asia–Pacific region.MethodSystematic review of articles published until March 2015.ResultsSeventeen suitable articles were found, of which 13 assess the economic burden of overweight/obesity and estimate that it accounts for 1.5–9.9% of a country's total healthcare expenditure. Four articles on the economic burden of underweight estimate it at 2.5–3.8% of the country's total GDP. Using hospital data, and compared to normal weight individuals, four articles estimated extra healthcare costs for overweight individuals of 7–9.8% and more, and extra healthcare costs for obese individuals of 17–22.3% and higher.ConclusionDespite methodological diversity across the studies, there is a consensus that both underweight and overweight impose a substantial financial burden on healthcare systems in the Asia–Pacific region.