bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new species of Leiobunum from Arizona, U. S. A. highlights the limits of typological classification in harvestmen (Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae: Leiobuninae)
Authors: SHULTZ JEFFREY W. 
Published: January 2018

A new species of leiobunine harvestman from the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona is described. The species lacks pro- and retrolateral submarginal rows of coxal denticles, a feature often considered diagnostic for the polyphyletic Nelima, and has greatly reduced ventral dentition on the palpal claw, as in the monotypic Leuronychus. In most other respects, the species is uniquely similar to members of a clade from central and western Mexico currently in the poly- and/or paraphyletic Leiobunum. These traits include a supracheliceral lamina with a wide transverse plate and a canaliculate ocularium, with an anterior surface that slopes dorsoposteriorly and a posterior surface that bulges rearward and is constricted at its base. There is thus a conflict between classification using traditional diagnostic characters and classification using unique similarity of non-traditional characters. The problem is exacerbated by the problematic status of each candidate genus. Here the species is placed in Leiobunum as L. silum sp. nov., a decision that gives weight to probable phylogenetic affinity with species currently placed in that genus. Leiobunum silum provides an excellent example of the limits of traditional typological classification and the need for a broad-scale morphological and molecular revision of sclerosomatid harvestmen.
Bilateral Ossicular Head Dehiscence Into the Middle Cranial Fossa
Authors: Alvi Sameer A. , Jones Joel W. , Lin Jim 
Published: January 2018

Objectives: To describe a unique case of bilateral dehiscence of the malleus and incus heads into the middle fossa making contact with the temporal lobes, along with its clinical implications. Methods: An analysis of a patient case and review of pertinent literature were performed. Results: A patient with a history of right-sided mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma was evaluated for persistent conductive hearing loss. On computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the patient had a complete dehiscence of the tegmen tympani on the right, with ossicular heads being located above the floor of the middle cranial fossa. A similar finding to a milder degree was noted on the left. The patient underwent revision tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy with removal of the incus and ossicular chain reconstruction and middle fossa craniotomy for repair of the right epitympanic dehiscence. Conclusions: We present some of the unique imaging and operative findings involved in an unusual presentation of encephalocele in which the bilateral malleus and incus heads rise above the level of the middle fossa floor.
Radiocontrast Dye Extravasation During Sialography
Authors: Truong Kristy , Hoffman Henry T. , Policeni Bruno , Maley Joan 
Published: January 2018

Objective: Evaluate the pathophysiology of contrast extravasation. Methods: Two hundred fifty-five sialograms at the University of Iowa from 2008 to 2016 were reviewed. Results: Twelve sialograms (4.7% of total) were identified with main ductal extravasation. In each case, ductal stenosis as a diagnosis was supported by clinical history and the finding of difficulty in advancing the cannula into the duct during sialography. In all but 1 case, extravasation occurred at the distal duct with no further imaging of the ductal system. Each of the 5 cases treated with sialendoscopy with or without gland resection confirmed stenosis. Ultrasound evaluation of 5 of the cases detected ductal dilation in 4 (80%). Six of 11 computed tomography scans done before the sialogram were interpreted as normal with indirect evidence for ductal stenosis (duct dilation) reported in only 1. All extravasations were associated with either stricture alone or stricture with stone (1 case). Conclusion: Radiocontrast extravasation from the main duct during sialography is highly associated with the presence of ductal stricture. In our experience, the inability to fill the ductal system with radiocontrast is a useful sialographic finding that correlated closely with anatomic abnormality rather than technical error. The frequent finding of extravasation of radiocontrast supports the use of water soluble contrast.
Bolivia and Its Transformations in the Light of “Seven Erroneous Theses about Latin America”
Authors: Canedo Vásquez Gabriela 
Published: January 2018

Bolivia has become a plurinational state, and as such it seeks to dismantle the deeply ingrained internal colonialism that runs through the state and the society. Thus it recognizes self-determination by indigenous people, autonomous territories, plural economy and justice, communal democracy, and suma qamaña (living well) and identifies the indigenous as the main actors in the transformation process, sidelining both the working and the middle classes. Some of the contradictions at its core include views of development that range from extractivism to environmentalism and living well. The government claims to be oriented toward communitarian socialism, but developmentalism will entail the destruction of indigenous modes of survival that are considered culturally rich but backward from a Western perspective. The central indigenous actor of current government discourse has been pushed aside. The Bolivian process presents a way of building a more equal state and a society that offers greater opportunities provided that these structural contradictions are resolved. Bolivia se funda como Estado Plurinacional, y como tal pretende desmontar el colonia-lismo interno que atraviesa el Estado y la sociedad. De esta manera reconoce la autodeterminación de los pueblos indígenas, las autonomías, la economía y justicia plural, la democracia comunitaria, y el suma qamaña (vivir bien). Por tanto plantea que el actor central de las transformaciones son los indígenas, y con esto constatamos que ni el sujeto obrero ni la clase media son actores centrales. Algunas de las contradicciones que se encuentran en su seno incluyen visiones de desarrollo que oscila entre el extractivismo y la conservación de la Madre Tierra y el vivir bien. El gobierno dice orientarse hacia el socialismo comunitario, pero el desarrollismo implicará la destrucción de los modos de sobrevivencia de la población nativa, indígena, consideradas ricas en cultura pero “arcaicas” desde la perspectiva occidental-industrialista. El actor central indígena que le da carne al discurso del gobierno ha sido arremetido. El proceso boliviano presenta la posibilidad de construir un Estado y una sociedad con mayores oportunidades e igualdad de condiciones, siempre y cuando resuelva estas contradicciones estructurales.
Comprehensive analysis of elevator static sectoring control systems using Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Al-Sharif Lutfi , Yang ZS , Hakam Ammar , Abd Al-Raheem Alaa 
Published: January 2018

For a long time, there was no action that a group controller could take during incoming traffic conditions other than returning the elevators back to the main entrance and opening their doors. Passengers would arrive in the main entrance and board the first available elevator car. However, in the early 1990s, sectoring was introduced during incoming traffic conditions. Sectoring is the soft division of the building into groups of (usually but not necessarily contiguous) floors, usually of equal populations. One or more elevators are assigned to a sector. The allocation of the elevator(s) to a sector can either be fixed (static sectoring) or variable (dynamic sectoring) within consecutive round trips. In addition, the size and composition of the different sectors can be static or dynamic. Sectoring is thus a powerful tool in dealing with peaks of incoming traffic demand. However, most of the analysis carried out to understand the effects of sectoring on the performance of the elevator traffic system has been based on simulation only. This paper presents a comprehensive calculation-based analysis of static sectoring control for incoming traffic as a control tool. The analysis is based on the approach of progressively increasing the number of sectors in a building, starting from a single sector (i.e., no sectoring) and proceeding to full sectoring (where the number of sectors equals the number of elevators in the group) and even increasing the number of sectors up to the total number of floors above the main entrance (which has been given the new term: super-sectoring). An analysis is carried out in each case showing the handling capacity, car loading, average waiting time, and average traveling time. Practical application: This paper allows a control system designer to adapt the actions of the controller to the change in passenger arrivals. The control can detect the intensity of passenger arrivals and adjust the number of sectors to suit such an arrival intensity. The aim would be to maximize the handling capacity of the system or minimize the car loading.
Resting-state fMRI in primary Sjögren syndrome
Authors: Xing Wu , Shi Wei , Leng Yueshuang , Sun Xianting , Guan Tingting , Liao Weihua , Wang Xiaoyi 
Published: January 2018

Background The involvement of the central nervous system in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) remains controversial. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a relatively new method that can be applied to investigate the heterogeneity of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in pSS patients through regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis. Purpose To collect data from pSS patients and healthy controls, and use ReHo analysis to elucidate the neurobiological mechanism of CNS involvement in pSS. Material and Methods Fourteen clinically diagnosed pSS patients and 14 age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state fMRI. The data were processed by ReHo analysis. The double sample t-test was used to compare ReHo data between groups. Results Compared to controls, pSS patients had significantly increased ReHo values in the right cerebrum, left limbic lobe, right middle temporal gyrus, and the inferior parietal lobe. However, ReHo values significantly decreased in the right lingual gyrus, left cuneiform lobe, left superior occipital gyrus, bilateral middle occipital gyrus, and the fronto-parietal junction area ( P < 0.01, clusters ≥ 50 voxels). Conclusion This study demonstrates the abnormal brain activity in the visual cortex and fronto-parietal junction area in pSS patients, suggesting pathological neuronal dysfunction in these regions.
Efficacy and safety of anti-CD20 antibody rituximab for patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Iwata S , Saito K , Hirata S , Ohkubo N , Nakayamada S , Nakano K , Hanami K , Kubo S , Miyagawa I , Yoshikawa M , Miyazaki Y , Yoshinari H , Tanaka Y 
Published: January 2018

Objective We examined the efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods The study enrolled 63 SLE patients who were treated with rituximab between 2002 and 2015. The participants underwent a battery of tests before treatment and at one year. Treatment ranged from two to four times at 500 or 1000 mg. Results Baseline characteristics were males:females = 6:57, age 33.9 years, and disease duration 87.2 months. The primary endpoint: The rate of major clinical response (MCR) was 60% while the partial clinical response (PCR) was 25%. Thirty of 36 (83%) patients with lupus nephritis (WHO II: 2, III: 5, IV: 22, V: 4, IV+V: 2, not assessed: 1) and 22 of 24 patients (92%) with neuropsychiatric SLE, who could be followed at one year, showed changes from BILAG A or B score to C or D score at one year. Multivariate analysis identified high anti-dsDNA antibody and shorter disease duration as significant determinants of MCR at one year. Repeat examination was conducted at five years. Primary failure was recorded in 8.8% and secondary failure in 32.4% (time to relapse: 24.4 months). Rituximab was well tolerated although 65 adverse events, mostly infections, were recorded within one year. Conclusion Rituximab is potentially efficacious for the treatment of patients with refractory SLE.
Individuals living with lupus: findings from the LUPUS UK Members Survey 2014
Authors: Morgan C , Bland A R , Maker C , Dunnage J , Bruce I N 
Published: January 2018

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and unpredictable disease which varies greatly among patients and has a significant impact on an individual’s daily living and quality of life. A better understanding of the patients’ experiences with the disease is vital to the effective management of the disease. LUPUS UK, a national UK-registered charity supporting people with systemic and discoid lupus, conducted a UK-wide survey of individuals living with lupus in order to provide foundation information to support and identify gaps needing further research. An anonymous survey was sent to 5660 LUPUS UK members in order to obtain demographic, diagnosis, symptom and treatment information. A total of 2527 surveys were returned by 2371 females (mean age 56.9 years, SD 13.6) and 156 males, (mean age 60.9 years, SD 15.7). Individuals reported a mean (SD) time to diagnosis from the first symptom of 6.4 (9.5) years, with 47% ( n = 1186) initially being given a different diagnosis prior to lupus. Fatigue/weakness (91%, n = 2299) and joint pain/swelling (77.4%, n = 1957) were the most common symptoms that interfere with daily activities, while 73% ( n = 1836) noted having some problems that make them unable to carry out their usual daily activities. Thirty-two per cent ( n = 806) were also seeking support beyond traditional pharmacological treatments, such as acupuncture and massage. This study highlights the range and frequency of symptoms difficult to live with on a daily basis and support areas needing further research to improve patients’ well-being.
Appropriate Area for Operative Procedures Near Tibialis Anterior Tendon Insertion: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Jarusriwanna Atthakorn , Chuckpaiwong Bavornrit 
Published: January 2018

Background: The tibialis anterior tendon has its insertion sites on both the medial and plantar surfaces of the medial cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal. Operative procedures near those areas, especially at the first metatarsocuneiform joint, may disturb tendon insertions and cause irritation or functional impairment of the tendon. Methods: Tibialis anterior tendons and their insertion sites were dissected and examined from 46 cadaveric feet (19 female and 27 male cadavers, aged between 33 and 86 years, with a mean of 68.5 ± 14.3 years). The greatest lengths and widths of the tendon attachments on the bony surface of the medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal, on both the medial and plantar surfaces, were measured and analyzed. The measurement reliability was evaluated by using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: Most of the tibialis anterior tendon insertions were found to be longer at the medial cuneiform than at the base of the first metatarsal (mean, 8.3 and 5.4 mm; P < .001), but the widths were almost similar (mean, 11.0 and 10.4 mm; P = .079). When focusing on each bone, the widths of the tendon attachments on the medial and plantar surfaces of the medial cuneiform were equivalent (mean, 5.4 and 5.6 mm; P = .584). At the base of the first metatarsal, the tendon attachment on the plantar surface was found to be wider than on the medial surface (mean, 7.0 and 3.4 mm; P < .001). Conclusion: The widths of the tibialis anterior tendon insertions on the medial and plantar surfaces of the medial cuneiform were equal, as were the total widths of insertions on the medial cuneiform and on the base of the first metatarsal. However, the width of insertions on the medial surface of the first metatarsal was significantly smaller than on the plantar surface, and the total length of insertions at the medial cuneiform was longer than at the first metatarsal. Clinical Relevance: This study provides information about characteristics of the tibialis anterior tendon insertions, particularly details of the dimensions on each surface of the bones. This knowledge enables surgeons to minimize the risk of irritation or tendon injuries during operations near the base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform area.
Phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation in specific sites of tumor suppressor WWOX and control of distinct biological events
Authors: Huang Shenq-Shyang , Chang Nan-Shan 
Published: January 2018

Abnormal differentiation and growth of hematopoietic stem cells cause the development of hematopoietic diseases and hematopoietic malignancies. However, the molecular events underlying leukemia development are not well understood. In our recent study, we have demonstrated that calcium ionophore and phorbol ester force the differentiation of T lymphoblastic leukemia. The event involves a newly identified IκBα/WWOX/ERK signaling, in which WWOX is Ser14 phosphorylated. Additional evidence also reveals that pS14-WWOX is involved in enhancing cancer progression and metastasis and facilitating neurodegeneration. In this mini-review, we update the current knowledge for the functional roles of WWOX under physiological and pathological settings, and provide new insights regarding pS14-WWOX in T leukemia cell maturation, and switching the anticancer pY33-WWOX to pS14-WWOX for cancer promotion and disease progression.Impact statementWWOX was originally designated as a tumor suppressor. However, human newborns deficient in WWOX do not spontaneously develop tumors. Activated WWOX with Tyr33 phosphorylation is present in normal tissues and organs. However, when pY33-WWOX is overly induced under stress conditions, it becomes apoptotic to eliminate damaged cells. Notably, WWOX with Ser14 phosphorylation is upregulated in the lesions of cancer, as well as in the brain hippocampus and cortex with Alzheimer’s disease. Suppression of pS14-WWOX by Zfra reduces cancer growth and mitigates Alzheimer’s disease progression, suggesting that pS14-WWOX facilitates disease progression. pS14-WWOX can be regarded as a marker of disease progression.
Endovascular treatment of acute and chronic isolated abdominal aortic dissection
Authors: Wang Dongqing , Ma Tao , Guo Daqiao , Xu Xin , Chen Bin , Jiang Junhao , Yang Jue , Shi Zhenyu , Zhu Ting , Shi Yun , Dong Zhihui , Fu Weiguo 
Published: January 2018

Objective To discuss the strategies and clinical outcomes of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) for acute and chronic isolated abdominal aortic dissection (IAAD). Methods From January 2012 to June 2017, 33 patients with IAAD were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified into acute and chronic groups based on the time to EVAR from IAAD onset (acute: ≤90 days; chronic: >90 days). Patient demographics, clinical parameters, procedural factors, and clinical outcomes were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results Among 33 patients, 21 were diagnosed with acute IAAD and 12 were diagnosed with chronic IAAD. All patients underwent EVAR, and no significant difference in EVAR-related procedural factors was observed between the two groups. The primary technical success rate in all patients was 100%. The overall survival rate in the chronic group was lower than that in the acute group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.186). However, the reintervention-free survival rate in the chronic group was significantly lower than that in the acute group ( P = 0.039). Significant enlargement of the true lumen (TL) and regression of the false lumen (FL) and maximal aortic diameter were observed in all patients after EVAR ( P < 0.05). The mean diameter of the TL in the acute group increased significantly more than that in the chronic group (14 ± 3 mm vs. 11 ± 3 mm, P = 0.040). A significant difference was not observed in the regression of the FL ( P = 0.628) or maximal aortic diameter ( P = 0.319) between the two groups. Conclusion EVAR continues to be a safe therapeutic approach with a high technical success rate and favorable clinical outcomes. The clinical outcomes and aortic remodeling in the chronic group seem to be poorer than those in the acute group.
Inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 alleviates hyperalgesia induced by acute dural inflammation in experimental migraine
Authors: Su Min , Ran Ye , He Zizi , Zhang Mingjie , Hu Guanqun , Tang Wenjing , Zhao Dengfa , Yu Shengyuan 
Published: January 2018

Objective Although nociceptive sensitisation is an important pathophysiological process in migraine and migraine chronification, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a pattern-recognition molecule, has a critical role in both neuropathic pain and morphine tolerance. The present study examined whether elements of the TLR4 pathway contribute to hyperalgesia induced by dural inflammation in rats. Methods A rat model of migraine was established by infusing a dural inflammatory soup. A group pretreated with TAK-242 was used to inhibit the activation of TLR4. The protein levels of TLR4 and its downstream molecules in the trigeminal pathway were examined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The expression of activated microglia and astrocytes was also analysed. Levels of interleukin-1 beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Acute inflammatory soup infusion induced time-dependent facial mechanical hyperalgesia, which was blocked by TAK-242 pretreatment. The inflammatory soup stimulus increased the production of TLR4 downstream molecules and interleukin-1 beta. Higher levels of microglia activation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor release were observed following the administration of the inflammatory soup but were alleviated by TAK-242. Conclusions These data suggest that the TLR4 signalling pathway promotes hyperalgesia induced by acute inflammatory soup delivery by stimulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines and activating microglia.