bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considering biosimilar policy
Authors: Castañeda-Hernández Gilberto , Strohal Robert , Gonçalves João , Dörner Thomas , Azevedo Valderilio , Isaacs John , McInnes Iain 
Published: October 2017

With the authorisation of an increasing number of biosimilars, and the prospect of multiple biosimilar switching, biosimilar naming and the importance of this for pharmacovigilance are coming into sharper focus. Current naming policies are not universal; neither are extrapolation criteria. Indeed, consideration of whether we can extrapolate information from one indication or disease to another continues to be a divisive topic. However, this is changing, as we strive for a more harmonised approach.Such a unified approach will be needed when considering future strategies to follow for multiple biosimilar switching, especially so because there is currently no uniform policy regarding interchangeability, switching, and automatic substitution. In this multiple biosimilar setting, the question as to whether we can be confident to move across indications will be increasingly important. The cost of biosimilar switching also needs to be considered—biosimilar use may mean that patients need more training and medical visits, with associated administrative costs.The biosimilars debate seems to be refocusing issues that have previously been extensively discussed but that have recently lost impetus, including the role of clinical pharmacology in internal medicine.
Origin of the Eukaryotic Cell
Authors: Lane Nick 
Published: October 2017

All complex life on Earth is composed of ‘eukaryotic’ cells. Eukaryotes arose just once in 4 billion years, via an endosymbiosis — bacteria entered a simple host cell, evolving into mitochondria, the ‘powerhouses’ of complex cells. Mitochondria lost most of their genes, retaining only those needed for respiration, giving eukaryotes ‘multi-bacterial’ power without the costs of maintaining thousands of complete bacterial genomes. These energy savings supported a substantial expansion in nuclear genome size, and far more protein synthesis from each gene.
Three-Year Outcomes With the Absorb Bioresorbable Scaffold
Authors: Ali Ziad A. , Gao Runlin , Kimura Takeshi , Onuma Yoshinobu , Kereiakes Dean J. , Ellis Stephen G. , Chevalier Bernard , Vu Minh-thien , Zhang Zhen , Simonton Charles A. , Serruys Patrick W. , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
The Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) completely resorbs within 3 years after coronary artery implantation. The safety and effectiveness of BVS through this critical 3-year period have not been characterized.

Methods:
We performed an individual-patient-data pooled meta-analysis of the 4 randomized ABSORB trials in which 3389 patients with coronary artery disease were randomly assigned to everolimus-eluting Absorb BVS (n=2164) or cobalt-chromium everolimus-eluting stents (n=1225). The primary efficacy outcome measure was target lesion failure (cardiac mortality, target vessel myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization), and the primary safety outcome measure was device thrombosis.

Results:

BVS compared with cobalt-chromium everolimus-eluting stents resulted in higher 3-year rates of target lesion failure (11.7% versus 8.1%; risk ratio [RR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.73;
P
=0.006), driven by greater target vessel myocardial infarction (7.8% versus 4.2%; RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.26–2.35;
P
=0.0006) and ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (6.6% versus 4.4%; RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.05–1.98;
P
=0.02), with comparable cardiac mortality (1.1% versus 1.1%; RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.47–1.88;
P
=0.85). Device thrombosis rates through 3 years were also higher with BVS (2.4% versus 0.6%; RR, 3.71; 95% CI, 1.70–8.11;
P
=0.001). Between 1 and 3 years, target lesion failure rates (6.1% versus 3.9%;
P
=0.02) and device thrombosis rates (1.1% versus 0.0%;
P
<0.0001) were higher with BVS than cobalt-chromium everolimus-eluting stents.

Conclusions:
In the present individual-patient-data pooled meta-analysis of the ABSORB trials, BVS was associated with increased rates of target lesion failure and device thrombosis between 1 and 3 years and cumulatively through 3 years of follow-up compared with everolimus-eluting stents.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT01751906, NCT01844284, NCT01923740, and NCT01425281.
Cerebral Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Ritzenthaler Thomas , Cho Tae-Hee , Mechtouff Laura , Ong Elodie , Turjman Francis , Robinson Philip , Berthezène Yves , Nighoghossian Norbert 
Published: October 2017

Background and Purpose—

Regional brain oxygen saturation (rSO
2
) changes, assessed by cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy, are likely influenced by cerebral hemodynamic fluctuations induced by thrombectomy of acute proximal occlusion. We studied the correlations between rSO
2
and baseline magnetic resonance imaging perfusion parameters and the relationship between rSO
2
changes, recanalization, and clinical outcome.

Methods—
Seventeen acute ischemic stroke patients, treated with mechanical thrombectomy, were monitored using bilateral near-infrared spectroscopy before, during, and continuously for 24 hours after the procedure. All patients had baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging with perfusion weighted imaging.

Results—

rSO
2
was only correlated with baseline Tmax (ρ=−0.42;
P
<0.05) and mean transit time (ρ=−0.45;
P
<0.05) within forehead explored areas. Before thrombectomy, an interhemispheric rSO
2
difference was noted, and this diminished over time when recanalization had occurred (median [interquartile range], −8 [−12 to −5] to 3 [−3 to 7];
P
=0.01). rSO
2
changes were not correlated with clinical outcome.

Conclusions—

rSO
2
was merely correlated with baseline Tmax and mean transit time magnetic resonance imaging perfusion parameters. Multiple sites recording beyond frontal pole explored areas may provide more relevant correlation with hemodynamic parameters.
Special Issue: After the Scientific Revolution: Thinking Globally about the Histories of the Modern Sciences
Authors: Shank J.B. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
History of science today needs to fully escape from the categories and narrative frameworks created during the Cold War formation of the discipline. Most problematic is the portentous notion of science conceived as a uniquely European world-historical singular that founded modernity. The idea of a singular historical birth of science in the portentous singular, this article argues, is not a natural fact of world history, but a very recent conceptual invention that continues to do negative historiographical work. The idea of a history of modern science which takes as its starting point this imagined birth of singular science in the world-historical event called the “Scientific Revolution” is more problematic still. To move forward in a more globally conscious direction, our historiography needs to become comfortable rejecting this Cold War understanding of singular science, along with its origin story in the so-called Scientific Revolution of the early modern period. The result will be a new historiographical space where the global histories of the modern sciences in all of their diversity can be explored. In order to frame the contributions to this project offered in this volume, this introduction traces in outline the rise and fall of the classical early modern birth of singular science paradigm. It also suggests reasons why this framework has come apart in recent years and the new paths forward emerging out of its ruins.
Paying Attention: Early Modern Science Beyond Genealogy
Authors: Nappi Carla 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
To move away from histories of early modern science that are shaped by the notion of a Scientific Revolution, the essay proposes a historiographical methodology that moves away from genealogy and toward juxtaposition as a principle of storytelling. It briefly discusses the study of sound in early modern Manchu texts as an example of this #hashtag (or juxtapositional) history.
Bulk-Density Representations of Branched Planar Ice Crystals: Errors in the Polarimetric Radar Variables
Authors: Schrom Robert S. , Kumjian Matthew R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecent interest in interpreting polarimetric radar observations of ice and evaluating microphysical model output with these observations has highlighted the importance of accurately computing the scattering of microwave radiation by branched planar ice crystals. These particles are often represented as spheroids with uniform bulk density, reduced from that of solid ice to account for the complex, nonuniform structure of natural branched crystals. In this study, the potential errors that arise from this assumption are examined by comparing scattering calculations of branched planar crystals with those of homogeneous, reduced-density plate crystals and spheroids with the same mass, aspect ratio, and maximum dimension. The results show that this assumption leads to significant errors in backscatter cross sections at horizontal and vertical polarization, specific differential phase (KDP), and differential reflectivity (ZDR), with the largest ZDR errors for ice crystals with the most extreme aspect ratios (<0.01) and effective densities < 250 kg m−3. For example, the maximum errors in X-band ZDR are 4.5 dB for 5.6-mm branched planar crystals. However, substantial errors are present at all weather radar frequencies, with resonance scattering effects at Ka and W band amplifying the low-frequency errors. The implications of these results on the interpretation of polarimetric radar observations and forward modeling of the polarimetric radar variables from microphysical model output are discussed.