bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult attachment and dehumanization among Chinese college students: trait attachment and state attachment perspectives
Authors: Guo Minna , Xu Beibei , Wang Haiyao , Le Thi Quynh Mai , Yan Zhihao , Sang Qingsong 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionCurrent social issues such as bullying, online violence, and local conflicts are all prominent topics in the field of psychology and linked to dehumanization. However, research on dehumanization from a non-Western background has been rare. As a key factor influencing individual behavior, attachment has not been sufficiently integrated into studies on dehumanization. Therefore, this study provides empirical evidence to explore the relationship between adult attachment (both trait and state) and dehumanization. The sample consisted of college students from China.MethodsIn Study 1 (N = 705) latent profile analysis was employed to exploring the potential categories of trait adult attachment in China, and to investigate how these categories impact dehumanization. Study 2 (N = 281) focused on activating secure attachment and examined the effects of three state attachment types, security, avoidance and anxiety, on dehumanization.ResultsStudy 1 identified four types of adult attachment: preoccupied, secure, fearful, and dismissing, and revealed that these different attachment types have varying impacts on dehumanization. Study 2 showed that both security and avoidance predict dehumanization.DiscussionThis research established a link between adult attachment and dehumanization, offering new insights into the psychological mechanisms underlying dehumanization and suggesting novel strategies for its prevention and intervention.
The relationship between self-efficacy, health literacy, and quality of life in patients with chronic diseases: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Gao Ying’e , Zheng Yujia , He Yuanyuan , Lin Jingjing , Liu Fangyi , Fu Jie , Lin Rongjin 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundSelf-efficacy and health literacy are closely related to the quality of life in patients with chronic diseases; however, it remains unclear whether their combined effects on the quality of life (QoL) in these patients operate through mediation, interaction, or a combination of both.MethodsThe research occurred in China between July 10 and September 15, 2021. A multi-stage random sampling technique was utilized to gather information on self-efficacy, health literacy, and QoL among individuals with chronic diseases. Linear regression models investigated the relationships between these patients’ self-efficacy, health literacy, and QoL. Additionally, the four-way decomposition method was used to decompose the overall effects of self-efficacy and health literacy on the QoL in patients with chronic diseases.ResultsSignificant correlations were found between self-efficacy, health literacy, and QoL among individuals with chronic diseases (all p &lt; 0.05). In the four-way decomposition results, the results of the European Quality of Life Five Dimension Five Level (EQ-5D-5L) displayed the interaction effects mediated by self-efficacy, and the reference interaction effects were not significant, with small effect sizes observed. The influence of health literacy levels on the QoL in these patients was primarily attributed to the controlled direct effect (CDE), accounting for approximately 86.12% [excess relative risk = 0.00415; 95% CI: 0.00326, 0.00504; p &lt; 0.0001]. The proportion solely attributable to the pure indirect effect (PIE) of self-efficacy was 14.5% [excess relative risk = 0.0007; 95% CI: 0.00031, 0.00109; p &lt; 0.0001]. In the EQ visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) results, the proportion of the controlled direct effect was 84.9% [excess relative risk = 0.62443; 95% CI: 0.52269, 0.72618; p &lt; 0.0001], while the proportion solely attributable to the pure indirect effect of mediation was 14.8% [excess relative risk = 0.10876; 95% CI: 0.06409, 0.15344; p &lt; 0.0001].ConclusionSelf-efficacy and health literacy primarily influence QoL in patients with chronic diseases through controlled and pure indirect effects. Enhancing patients’ health literacy and self-efficacy can contribute to improving their QoL.
Long-term self-reported attendance in exercise training or lung choir and status of quality of life following initial pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD
Authors: Kaasgaard Mette , Bodtger Uffe , Skou Søren T. , Clift Stephen , Hilberg Ole , Rasmussen Daniel Bech , Løkke Anders 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundBoth adherence rates to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programmes and long-term attendance in exercise training after PR remain a challenge. In our previous randomised controlled trial (RCT), effects were positively associated with a dose-response pattern, regardless of whether PR contained conventional physical exercise training (PExT) or Singing for Lung Health (SLH) as a training modality within a 10 weeks’ PR programme for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, long-term status of this RCT cohort remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether current status (=attendance in supervised exercise training or a lung choir and scoring in quality of life (QoL)) was related to initial PR completion, randomisation, or adherence.MethodsWe collected data via telephone, using a researcher-developed questionnaire on current self-reported attendance in supervised exercise training or a lung choir and on perceived benefits of the initial RCT intervention. Additionally, we used COPD-validated questionnaires (primarily: QoL (measure: St George's Respiratory Questionnaire; SGRQ).ResultsIn 2023 (i.e., mean/median 4.7 years after initial PR), surviving participants were contacted (n = 196; 73% of 270), and 160 (82% of 196) were included. Out of the included participants, 30 (19%) had not completed initial PR. Compared to the initial PR-completers, non-completers reported less current attendance in exercise training or lung choir (24% vs. 46%, p = 0.03) but SGRQ scores were comparable. Yet, those who attended exercise training or lung choir at present (n = 66/160; 41% out of 160) reported better QoL score than those with no current attendance (SGRQ; Attending: 39.9 ± 15.4; Not attending: 43.1 ± 16.7; p = 0.02). Neither having had SLH instead of PExT, nor adherence level during initial PR, was related to current attendance or to QoL scores.ConclusionThis study indicates that long-term self-reported attendance and current QoL scores are positively related to initial completion of a PR programme. Surprisingly, neither initial PR content (PExT or SLH) nor initial PR adherence was related to long-term outcomes. We suggest that future PR programmes include special attention to those who do not complete PR to support long-term attendance and QoL status.
Source and health risks of trace metals in Clarias batrachus and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from surface waters in Bayelsa State, Nigeria: a probabilistic model
Authors: Izah Sylvester Chibueze , Richard Glory , Stanley Herbert Okechukwu , Sawyer Wisdom Ebiye , Uwaeme Onyebuchi Remy , Sylva Ligeiaziba 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionHuman activities have inadvertently led to the release of harmful substances, including trace metals, into aquatic environments, with consequential impacts on aquatic organisms and potential health risks for consumers. This research assessed the presence, origins, and health implications of trace elements within the muscles of Clarias batrachus and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from the Bomadi and Gbotebo rivers and their surroundings in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.MethodsThirty samples from each fish species were collected and analyzed to conduct the study. Through the use of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, the researchers determined the concentrations of trace metals, including iron, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, cadmium, and cobalt, in the fish tissues.Results and discussionThe concentrations of the metals within the two fish species varied, with notable differences in zinc and cadmium levels. Utilizing statistical analyses like Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA), it was established that the trace metals originated from diverse sources. The study then evaluated health risks associated with these trace elements, considering both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic hazards for different age groups. The results indicated that children’s total target hazard quotient fell below 1 for both fish species, implying a limited tendency toward non-carcinogenic risks through lifelong fish consumption. However, in some adult fish samples, the quotient exceeded 1, indicating a higher potential for non-carcinogenic risks. Regarding carcinogenic hazards, the mean risks were generally lower than the accepted threshold, except for lead in both fish species among adults and children. Stricter values highlighted that only lead concentrations in fish from both categories were deemed acceptable. Consequently, this study highlights the importance of raising awareness among consumers who buy fish from the studied region. Moreover, consistent monitoring of potentially harmful trace elements in water, sediments, and fish is recommended to safeguard consumer health and well-being.
From What Times Is This Place? Form as a Chronotope in the Architecture of Enric Miralles
Authors: Álvarez-Agea Alberto 
Published: September 2024

In 1994, Enric Miralles published From what time is this place?, a brief text where the relationship between space and time is claimed through the form of the Igualada Cemetery Park and different conditions of time are considered. The title is presumably written after the book by Kevin Lynch What time is this place?, where the human sense of time and the relationship between the innate consciousness of time and place and the objective time of the world are addressed. Related to this concept arises the notion of the chronotope—from kronos, time, and topos, place; literally timeplace, defined by Mikhail Bakhtin as the intrinsic connectedness of spatial and temporal relationships assimilated in the artistic form. Approaching Miralles’ own words, this text examines the condition of architectural form as a chronotope in the Igualada Cemetery Park and in three of his projects to analyze, firstly, the strategies used and, secondly, the consequences of the connection of space and time in the form and in space and time themselves: the spatialization of time, temporalization of space, and temporalization of time. As a result, some reflections contribute to the contemporary debate on form in architecture as a spatiotemporal discipline: a chronotopic architecture.
Particle Size Effect on Anaerobic Digestion of Fruit and Vegetable Waste
Authors: Vian José , Velasco-Pérez Alejandra , Solar-González Rocío , García-Herrera Tania , Puebla Hector , Vivar-Vera Guadalupe 
Published: September 2024

During the anaerobic digestion (AD) of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW), excessive particle size reduction can lead to the overproduction and inhibition of methanogenic microorganisms. This paper presents an in-depth analysis through experimental assays, modeling, and response surface analysis of the effect of particle size on methane production. A simple model was proposed considering the inhibition of the growth of methanogenic microorganisms and surface-based hydrolysis kinetics. The model parameters were estimated using experimental data from batch systems fed with FVW of varying particle sizes (ranging from 1.8 to 1000 μm). Response surface methodology establishes a statistical model for estimating methane production based on particle size and concentration. Numerical and statistical analyses were conducted using Matlab R2024a and Minitab 24 software. A model with an R2 of 0.89 was obtained, which determined an optimal concentration of 8.2 kg·m−3 and a particle size of 742.3 μm, yielding a methane production of 303.3 m3·kg−1 VS, similar to the experimentally obtained range of 300.95 to 316.7 m3·kg−1 VS.
The Evolution of Vaccines Development across Salmonella Serovars among Animal Hosts: A Systematic Review
Authors: Siddique Abubakar , Wang Zining , Zhou Haiyang , Huang Linlin , Jia Chenghao , Wang Baikui , Ed-Dra Abdelaziz , Teng Lin , Li Yan , Yue Min 
Published: September 2024

Salmonella is a significant zoonotic foodborne pathogen, and the global spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains poses substantial challenges, necessitating alternatives to antibiotics. Among these alternatives, vaccines protect the community against infectious diseases effectively. This review aims to summarize the efficacy of developed Salmonella vaccines evaluated in various animal hosts and highlight key transitions for future vaccine studies. A total of 3221 studies retrieved from Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed/Medline databases between 1970 and 2023 were evaluated. One hundred twenty-seven qualified studies discussed the vaccine efficacy against typhoidal and nontyphoidal serovars, including live-attenuated vaccines, killed inactivated vaccines, outer membrane vesicles, outer membrane complexes, conjugate vaccines, subunit vaccines, and the reverse vaccinology approach in different animal hosts. The most efficacious vaccine antigen candidate found was recombinant heat shock protein (rHsp60) with an incomplete Freund’s adjuvant evaluated in a murine model. Overall, bacterial ghost vaccine candidates demonstrated the highest efficacy at 91.25% (95% CI = 83.69–96.67), followed by the reverse vaccinology approach at 83.46% (95% CI = 68.21–94.1) across animal hosts. More than 70% of vaccine studies showed significant production of immune responses, including humoral and cellular, against Salmonella infection. Collectively, the use of innovative methods rather than traditional approaches for the development of new effective vaccines is crucial and warrants in-depth studies.
Outcomes for older people with screening-detected versus existing chronic kidney disease: a cohort study with data linkage
Authors: Forbes Anna K , Ordóñez-Mena José M , Mei Winnie , Taylor Clare J , Jones Nicholas , Hirst Jennifer A , Hobbs FD Richard 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common health problem associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and premature death. It is estimated that one-third of people aged ≥70 years have CKD globally, many of whom are undiagnosed, but little is known about the value of screening.AimTo compare the risk of adverse health outcomes between people with an existing diagnosis of CKD and those identified through screening, and identify factors associated with mortality in CKD.Design & settingProspective cohort study of 892 primary care patients aged ≥60 years with CKD (existing and screening detected) in Oxfordshire, with data linkage to civil death registry and secondary care.MethodHazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models to compare the risk of all-cause mortality, hospitalisation, CVD, ESKD separately, and as a composite between CKD groups, as well as to identify factors associated with mortality.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 3–5 years, 49 people died, 512 were hospitalised, 78 had an incident CVD event, and none had an ESKD event. There was no difference in the composite outcome between those with existing CKD and those identified through screening (HR 0.94, 95% CI = 0.67 to 1.33). Older age (HR 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.15), male sex (HR 2.31, 95% CI = 1.26 to 4.24), and heart failure (HR 5.18, 95% CI = 2.45 to 10.97) were associated with increased risk of death.ConclusionScreening older people for CKD may be of value, as their risk of short-term mortality, hospitalisation, and CVD is comparable with people routinely diagnosed. Larger studies with longer follow-up in more diverse and representative populations of older adults are needed to corroborate these findings.
الاتحاد الأوروبي بين مخاطر التفكك ودينامية الاندماج
Authors: Aass  , العزي غسان علي 
Published: September 2024

هدف الدراسة: تسعى هذه الدراسة الى اختبار صحة المقولة الرائجة في أوساط بعض الباحثين والسياسيين والقائلة بأن الاتحاد الأوروبي يتجه صوب التفكك والانهيار بفعل الأزمات المتراكمة التي تواجهه منذ الأزمة المالية العالمية في العام 2008 ولاسيما بعد خروج بريطانيا من الاتحاد(البريكست). المنهجية : تستخدم الدراسة منهج التحليل النسقي لديفيد ايستون حيث تشكل أزمات اليورو والمهاجرين والهوية والبريكست وكوفيد-19 وغيرها مدخلات النسق السياسي الأوروبي في حين تتشكل مخرجات هذا النسق من قرارات وأفعال الاتحاد الأوروبي في سعيه لايجاد حلول لهذه الأزمات .وبطريقة التغذية الرجعية تريد الدراسة التبين ما اذا كانت هذه المخرجات تشكل دفعا في طريق المزيد من الأزمات والمشاكل التي تهدد وجود الاتحاد وتدفعه للتفكك او أنها على العكس تؤدي الى تمتين الروابط التكاملية والاندماجية في الاتحاد .النتائج : توصلت الدراسة الى نتائج مفادها أنه في كل مرة يواجه فيها الاتحاد الأوروبي أزمة مستعصية يبدي تخبطاً وعجزاً حيالها لأسباب عديدة أهمها أنه ذهب في مسار التوسع الى درجة وصل معها الى 28 دولة تختلف فيما بينها من النواحي السياسية والثقافية والاقتصادية وغيرها الأمر الذي يعقد المفاوضات الباحثة عن حلول للأزمات ما يوحي لكثير من الباحثين والسياسيين بأن الاتحاد يقترب من التفكك. ولكن في كل مرة كانت هذه المفاوضات المعقدة تنتهي باتفاقات وقرارات تصب في مصلحة التكامل والاندماج. وبالتالي فلا صحة للمقولات التي تتنبأ بنهاية الاتحاد وتفككه، حتى خروج بريطانيا من الاتحاد فانه يصب في مصلحة الاندماج وليس التفكك.
معـايير التَّخطئة والتَّصـويب في تحليل الزبيديّ لأخطـاء العوام
Authors: حسون منصـور مصلـح 
Published: September 2024

لقد اعتنى علماء العربية بتنقية اللغة من الأخطاء اللغوية، إلا أنهم لم يتفقوا على مستوى لغوي واحد يقيسون عليه الخطأ والصواب؛ وذلك لاختلافهم في معايير التخطئة والتصويب، فوضعوا معايير مختلفة، فمنهم مَن تشدّد في تطبيقها، ومنهم مَن توسَّع. والزبيدي ( ت 379هــ) من العلماء الذين اهتموا بتصحيح أخطاء العوام، وهو رائد هذا الفن بالأندلس، فألّف كتابين، جمعهما ابن شهيد الأندلسي تحت عنوان: التهذيب بمحكم الترتيب .. الجمع بين كتابي لحن العامة لأبي بكر الزبيدي. ويهدف البحث إلى استنباط معايير التخطئة والتصويب التي وضعها الزبيدي، وبيان نهجه في تطبيقها، وتوضيح غاية التزامه بها؛ حيثُ كانت معاييره تسعة وهي: السماع (القرآن وقراءاته، الحديث النبوي، الشعر، النثر)، والقياس، والمولّد من الألفاظ، والمعرّب من الألفاظ، واللهجات العربية، وكثرة الاستعمال، والبنية الصرفية وأوزانها، وعوارض التركيب، والانتصار لمذهب لغوي مع وجود الخلاف بين اللغويين، والسياق.
Distributed associations among white matter hyperintensities and structural brain networks with fluid cognition in healthy aging
Authors: Rudolph Marc D. , Cohen Jessica R. , Madden David J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhite matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with age-related cognitive impairment and increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the manner by which WMHs contribute to cognitive impairment is unclear. Using a combination of predictive modeling and network neuroscience, we investigated the relationship between structural white matter connectivity and age, fluid cognition, and WMHs in 68 healthy adults (18–78 years). Consistent with previous work, WMHs were increased in older adults and exhibited a strong negative association with fluid cognition. Extending previous work, using predictive modeling, we demonstrated that age, WMHs, and fluid cognition were jointly associated with widespread alterations in structural connectivity. Subcortical-cortical connections between the thalamus/basal ganglia and frontal and parietal regions of the default mode and frontoparietal networks were most prominent. At the network level, both age and WMHs were negatively associated with network density and communicability, and positively associated with modularity. Spatially, WMHs were most prominent in arterial zones served by the middle cerebral artery and associated lenticulostriate branches that supply subcortical regions. Finally, WMHs overlapped with all major white matter tracts, most prominently in tracts that facilitate subcortical-cortical communication and are implicated in fluid cognition, including the anterior thalamic-radiations and forceps minor. Finally, results of mediation analyses suggest that whole-brain WMH load influences age-related decline in fluid cognition. Thus, across multiple levels of analysis, we showed that WMHs were increased in older adults and associated with altered structural white matter connectivity and network topology involving subcortical-cortical pathways critical for fluid cognition.
Efecto de una Intervención Educativa en Pacientes No Adheridos al Tratamiento Antihipertensivo
Authors: Villagómez Mendoza Ana Karen Guadalupe , Wences Olivar María Mariela , Juárez Muñoz Janette , López Ramos Cynthia Gabriela , Miranda Murillo Laila Michelle , Montaño Flores Cristina 
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de una intervención educativa en pacientes no adheridos al tratamiento antihipertensivo en la UMF12, Puebla. Método: Intervención, transversal, unicéntrico, ambispectivo, homodémico, tipo encuesta; en una población de 170 pacientes adscritos a la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No.12 San Pedro Cholula Puebla, con diagnóstico de Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica que se encuentren parcialmente o mal adheridos al tratamiento farmacológico, con edad entre 20 y 59 años. Resultados: Se encontró una adherencia terapéutica total en el 52.4% de la población en estudio, 42.9% parcialmente adheridos y 4.7% con nula adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico posterior a la intervención educativa. Conclusión: Para la evaluación de la intervención educativa se obtuvo una p= 0.000 observando que si hubo una mejor adherencia terapéutica posterior a una intervención educativa en pacientes no adheridos al tratamiento antihipertensivo en la UMF12, puebla.
Cautionary Tales on Heating-rate Prescriptions in Kilonovae
Authors: Sarin Nikhil , Rosswog Stephan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A major ingredient for kilonova lightcurves is the radioactive heating rate and its dependence on the electron fraction and velocity of the ejecta and, in principle, on the nuclear mass formula. Heating-rate formulae commonly used as the basis for kilonova models previously employed in the literature produce substantially different outputs for high electron fractions (Y

e
≳ 0.3) and at late times (t ≳ 1 day) compared to newer prescriptions. Here, we employ standard semianalytical models for kilonovae with better heating rate prescriptions valid for the full parameter space of kilonova velocities and electron fractions to explore the impact of the heating rate on kilonova lightcurves. We show the dangers of using inappropriate heating rate estimates by simulating realistic observations and inferring the kilonova parameters via a misspecified heating-rate prescription. While providing great fits to the photometry, an incorrect heating-rate prescription fails to recover the input ejecta masses with a bias significantly larger than the typical statistical uncertainty. This bias from an incorrect prescription has significant consequences for interpreting kilonovae, their use as additional components in gamma-ray burst afterglows, and understanding their role in cosmic chemical evolution or for multimessenger constraints on the nuclear equation of state. We showcase a framework and tool to better determine the impact of different modeling assumptions and uncertainties on inferences into kilonova properties.