bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Postoperative Neurologic Complications in Pugs Following Portosystemic Shunt Attenuation Surgery
Authors: Wallace Mandy L. , MacPhail Catriona M. , Monnet Eric 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Postoperative seizures occur in 5–12% of dogs following surgical attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (CEPSS) and are often refractory to treatment. Because pugs are predisposed to necrotizing meningoencephalitis, they may be at higher risk of developing neurologic complications after CEPSS attenuation. We hypothesized that pugs have a higher prevalence of postoperative neurologic complications and that pugs who died due to neurologic complications would have evidence of encephalitis at necropsy. Records were searched for pugs that had undergone surgical correction of a single extrahepatic CEPSS. Fourteen pugs met the inclusion criteria and were compared with a control group of 30 dogs of varying breeds who also underwent surgical attenuation for a single CEPSS. Four of 14 pugs (28.6%) died or were euthanized within 1 mo after surgery for neurologic complications, compared with only 1 of 30 dogs in the control group (P &lt; .029). No evidence of necrotizing meningoencephalitis was seen on necropsy. Pugs may be at an increased risk of developing fatal neurologic complications following surgical attenuation for CEPSS. Further studies are indicated to investigate reasons for this increased risk, as well as to determine any factors that may indicate which pugs are at higher risk.
Incorporating stand level risk management options into forest decision support systems
Authors: Eyvindson Kyle , Saad Rami , Eriksson Ljusk Ola 
Published: November 2017

Aim of study: To examine methods of incorporating risk and uncertainty to stand level forest decisions.Area of study: A case study examines a small forest holding from Jönköping, Sweden.Material and methods: We incorporate empirically estimated uncertainty into the simulation through a Monte Carlo approach when simulating the forest stands for the next 100 years. For the iterations of the Monte Carlo approach, errors were incorporated into the input data which was simulated according to the Heureka decision support system. Both the Value at Risk and the Conditional Value at Risk of the net present value are evaluated for each simulated stand.Main results: Visual representation of the errors can be used to highlight which decision would be most beneficial dependent on the decision maker’s opinion of the forest inventory results. At a stand level, risk preferences can be rather easily incorporated into the current forest decision support software.Research highlights: Forest management operates under uncertainty and risk. Methods are available to describe this risk in an understandable fashion for the decision maker.
Administración Pública digital e inteligente: transformaciones en la era de la inteligencia artificial
Authors: Corvalán Juan Gustavo 
Published: November 2017

Como citar este artigo/How to cite this article: CORVALÁN, Juan Gustavo. Administración Pública digital e inteligente: transformaciones en la era de la inteligencia artificial. Revista de Direito Econômico e Socioambiental, Curitiba, v. 8, n. 2, p. 26-66, maio/ago. 2017. doi: 10.7213/rev.dir.econ.soc.v8i2.19321 El presente artículo aborda el impacto de la era digital y especialmente de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación –TIC– en la Administración Pública. Se parte del enfoque dado desde el ámbito internacional, haciendo hincapié en los fundamentos sobre la importancia de la incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías por parte de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas y la Organización de los Estados Americanos. Luego se destaca el perfilamiento que se les dio en la República Argentina a nivel nacional a las TIC, y cómo es que se ha transitado hacia un paradigma digital. Finalmente, se destacan los desafíos, retos y oportunidades para transformar la Administración Pública por el impacto de la inteligencia artificial. En la cuarte revolución industrial, es clave impulsar un Gobierno y una Administración digital e inteligente, que promuevan la efectividad de los derechos y un desarrollo tecnológico inclusivo que asegure la dignidad digital de las personas.
Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism After Achilles Tendon Surgery in Patients Receiving Thromboprophlaxis
Authors: Çolak İlker , Gülabi Deniz , Eceviz Engin , Çevik Bilgehan H. , Bulut Güven , Bekler Halil I. 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Surgical or nonsurgical treatment of an Achilles tendon rupture includes a period of immobilization that is a well-documented risk factor for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The DVT is a source of morbidity in orthopedic surgery because it can progress to pulmonary embolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of DVT and pulmonary embolism after surgical treatment of an Achilles tendon rupture.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was made of patients who underwent surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture between January 1, 2006, and November 30, 2014. Patient data were collected from the hospital medical record system.

Results:
Of 238 patients with a mean age of 39 years (range, 18–66 years), 18 (7.6%) were diagnosed as having symptomatic DVT. The average body mass index of the patients with DVT was 31.8 (range, 24–33). Of the patients with DVT, 11 were older than 40 years and two-thirds had a body mass index of 30 or greater. Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed in four patients (1.7%), none of whom had DVT symptoms.

Conclusions:
Venous thrombosis continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in postoperative patients. Limited data are available for the use of thromboprophylaxis in foot and ankle surgery. In light of the literature review and results of this study, we suggest that routine thromboembolism prophylaxis should be considered for patients with Achilles tendon rupture.
Biomechanical and Morphometric Properties of the Long Flexor Tendons of the Toes: A Cadaver Study
Authors: Beger Orhan , Tumentemür Gamze , Uzun Coşar , Keskinöz Elif Nedret , Elvan Özlem , Uzmansel Deniz , Keskinbora Mert , Erdal Nurten , Taşdelen Bahar , Kurtoğlu Zeliha 
Published: November 2017

Background:
We sought to show the biomechanical and morphometric properties of flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon grafts harvested by specific surgical approaches and to assess the contribution of FHL slips to the long flexor tendons of the toes.

Methods:
Thirteen fresh-frozen amputated feet (average age, 79 years) were dissected. The connections between the FHL and FDL tendons and the contribution of FHL slips to the long flexor tendons were classified. The biomechanical properties of the tendons and slips were measured using a tensile device.

Results:
The connections between the FHL and FDL tendons were reviewed in two groups. Group 1 had FHL slips (11 cases) and group 2 had cross-slips (two cases). The FHL slips joined the second and third toe long flexor tendon structures. Tendon length decreased significantly from the second to the fifth toe (P < .001). Apart from the second toe tendon being thicker than that of the fourth toe (P = .02) and Young's modulus being relatively smaller in the third versus the fourth toe tendon (P = .01), biomechanical and morphometric properties of second to fourth tendons were similar. Mechanical properties of those tendons were significantly different from fifth toe tendons and FHL slips. Morphometric and biomechanical properties of FHL slips were similar to those of the fifth toe tendon.

Conclusions:
Herein, FHL slips were shown to have biomechanical properties that might contribute to flexor functions of the toes. During the harvesting of tendon grafts from the FHL by minimally invasive incision techniques from the distal plane of the master knot of Henry, cutting slips between FHL and FDL tendons could be considered a cause of postoperative function loss in toes.
Permafrost Organic Carbon Mobilization From the Watershed to the Colville River Delta: Evidence From 14C Ramped Pyrolysis and Lignin Biomarkers
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Bianchi Thomas S. , Cui Xingqian , Rosenheim Brad E. , Ping Chien‐Lu , Hanna Andrea J. M. , Kanevskiy Mikhail , Schreiner Kathryn M. , Allison Mead A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe deposition of terrestrial‐derived permafrost particulate organic carbon (POC) has been recorded in major Arctic river deltas. However, associated transport pathways of permafrost POC from the watershed to the coast have not been well constrained. Here we utilized a combination of ramped pyrolysis‐oxidation radiocarbon analysis (RPO 14C) along with lignin biomarkers, to track the linkages between soils and river and delta sediments. Surface and deep soils showed distinct RPO thermographs which may be related to degradation and organo‐mineral interaction. Soil material in the bed load of the river channel was mostly derived from deep old permafrost. Both surface and deep soils were transported and deposited to the coast. Hydrodynamic sorting and barrier island protection played important roles in terrestrial‐derived permafrost POC deposition near the coast. On a large scale, ice processes (e.g., ice gauging and strudel scour) and ocean currents controlled the transport and distribution of permafrost POC on the Beaufort Shelf.
Collective Impacts of Orography and Soil Moisture on the Soil Moisture‐Precipitation Feedback
Authors: Imamovic Adel , Schlemmer Linda , Schär Christoph 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEnsembles of convection‐resolving simulations with a simplified land surface are conducted to dissect the isolated and combined impacts of soil moisture and orography on deep‐convective precipitation under weak synoptic forcing. In particular, the deep‐convective precipitation response to a uniform and a nonuniform soil moisture perturbation is investigated both in settings with and without orography. In the case of horizontally uniform perturbations, we find a consistently positive soil moisture‐precipitation feedback, irrespective of the presence of low orography. On the other hand, a negative feedback emerges with localized perturbations: a dry soil heterogeneity substantially enhances rain amounts that scale linearly with the dryness of the soil, while a moist heterogeneity suppresses rain amounts. If the heterogeneity is located in a mountainous region, the relative importance of soil moisture heterogeneity decreases with increasing mountain height: A mountain 500 m in height is sufficient to neutralize the local soil moisture‐precipitation feedback.
Tropical Coastal Dehydrator in Global Atmospheric Water Circulation
Authors: Ogino Shin‐Ya , Yamanaka Manabu D. , Mori Shuichi , Matsumoto Jun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe present a conceptual advance of the global water cycle in which the precipitation concentrated in tropical coastlines plays the role of an atmospheric dehydrator between the ocean and land. Landward water vapor transport peaks as it enters the coastal region (a few hundred kilometers offshore), and about half of the water vapor is consumed as precipitation over the coastal region before reaching the inland. Our results also revealed that the significant amount of net freshwater is supplied from the atmosphere to the coastal ocean, which is comparable to that of the land water discharge. This fact further provides a new insight on the ocean salinity distribution and its associated dynamics. We discuss a possible link between the tropical land distribution and the Earth's climate through the water circulation.
Riding the Right Wavelet: Quantifying Scale Transitions in Fractured Rocks
Authors: Rizzo Roberto E. , Healy David , Farrell Natalie J. , Heap Michael J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe mechanics of brittle failure is a well‐described multiscale process that involves a rapid transition from distributed microcracks to localization along a single macroscopic rupture plane. However, considerable uncertainty exists regarding both the length scale at which this transition occurs and the underlying causes that prompt this shift from a distributed to a localized assemblage of cracks or fractures. For the first time, we used an image analysis tool developed to investigate orientation changes at different scales in images of fracture patterns in faulted materials, based on a two‐dimensional continuous wavelet analysis. We detected the abrupt change in the fracture pattern from distributed tensile microcracks to localized shear failure in a fracture network produced by triaxial deformation of a sandstone core plug. The presented method will contribute to our ability of unraveling the physical processes at the base of catastrophic rock failure, including the nucleation of earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic eruptions.
A Sharp View on River Dune Transition to Upper Stage Plane Bed
Authors: Naqshband S. , Hoitink A. J. F. , McElroy B. , Hurther D. , Hulscher S. J. M. H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSandy river beds are dominated by rhythmic features known as dunes. Experimental investigations of turbulent flow and sediment transport over dunes have predominantly focused on equilibrium flows that are rare in natural rivers. Using a novel acoustic instrument over migrating dunes in a laboratory setting, we quantify a number of dynamical properties that are crucial in our understanding and modeling of dune morphology and kinematics, particularly under nonequilibrium flows during dune transition to upper stage plane bed. Measured sediment transport distributions reveal a positive spatial lag between dune crest and maximum sediment transport rate that eventually caused washing out of dunes. Bed load was entirely captured in dune troughs, contributing to dune translation where most of suspended load was advected further downstream contributing to dune deformation. Measured bypass fraction was about 76%, which means that only 24% of the total sediment load at the dune crest contributed to dune migration.
Increasing Coupling Between NPGO and PDO Leads to Prolonged Marine Heatwaves in the Northeast Pacific
Authors: Joh Youngji , Di Lorenzo Emanuele 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe marine heatwave of 2014/2015 in the Northeast Pacific caused significant impacts on marine ecosystems and fisheries. While several studies suggest that land and marine heatwaves may intensify under climate change, less is known about the prolonged multiyear nature (~2 years) of the Northeast Pacific events. Examination of reanalysis products and a 30‐member climate model ensemble confirms that prolonged multiyear marine heatwaves are linked to the dynamics of the two dominant modes of winter sea surface temperature variability in the North Pacific, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). Specifically, we find a significant correlation between winter warm NPGO anomalies and the following winter PDO arising from extratropical/tropical teleconnections. In the model projections for 2100 under the RCP8.5 scenario, this NPGO/PDO 1 year lag correlation exhibits a significant positive trend (~35%) that favors more prolonged multiyear warm events (>1°C) with larger spatial coverage (~18%) and higher maximum amplitude (~0.5°C for events >2°C) over the Northeast Pacific.
The Contribution of Compressional Magnetic Pumping to the Energization of the Earth's Outer Electron Radiation Belt During High‐Speed Stream‐Driven Storms
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E. , Horne Richard B. , Meredith Nigel P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCompressional magnetic pumping is an interaction between cyclic magnetic compressions and pitch angle scattering with the scattering acting as a catalyst to allow the cyclic compressions to energize particles. Compressional magnetic pumping of the outer electron radiation belt at geosynchronous orbit in the dayside magnetosphere is analyzed by means of computer simulations, wherein solar wind compressions of the dayside magnetosphere energize electrons with electron pitch angle scattering by chorus waves and by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. The magnetic pumping is found to produce a weak bulk heating of the electron radiation belt, and it also produces an energetic tail on the electron energy distribution. The amount of energization depends on the robustness of the solar wind compressions and on the amplitude of the chorus and/or EMIC waves. Chorus‐catalyzed pumping is better at energizing medium‐energy (50–200 keV) electrons than it is at energizing higher‐energy electrons; at high energies (500 keV–2 MeV) EMIC‐catalyzed pumping is a stronger energizer. The magnetic pumping simulation results are compared with energy diffusion calculations for chorus waves in the dayside magnetosphere; in general, compressional magnetic pumping is found to be weaker at accelerating electrons than is chorus‐driven energy diffusion. In circumstances when solar wind compressions are robust and when EMIC waves are present in the dayside magnetosphere without the presence of chorus, EMIC‐catalyzed magnetic pumping could be the dominant energization mechanism in the dayside magnetosphere, but at such times loss cone losses will be strong.
Nightside Pi2 Wave Properties During an Extended Period With Stable Plasmapause Location and Variable Geomagnetic Activity
Authors: Hartinger M. D. , Zou S. , Takahashi K. , Shi X. , Redmon R. , Goldstein J. , Kurth W. , Bonnell J. W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe frequencies and amplitudes of inner magnetosphere Pi2 waves are affected by the radial plasma density profile. Variable geomagnetic activity and external driving conditions can affect both wave properties and density profiles simultaneously. When interpreting observations, this can lead to ambiguity about whether changing wave properties are due to changing external conditions, density profiles, or a combination of factors. We present a case study using multipoint ground‐based and in situ measurements to examine Pi2 wave properties during a period of variable geomagnetic activity. Multiple satellite passes demonstrate the density profile and plasmapause location are stable for at least 2 h over a wide range of magnetic local time. This stability allows us to examine how factors besides the radial density profile affect Pi2 wave properties. We find evidence for Pi2 waves with a broadband frequency spectrum as well as a discrete frequency plasmaspheric virtual resonance (PVR) that is observed at low, middle, and high latitudes and both inside and outside the plasmapause. The PVR is excited in repeated bursts before, during, and after (1) the development of a substorm, (2) several auroral intensifications, (3) the development of Subauroral Polarization Stream flows/electric fields/conductivities, and (4) variable interplanetary magnetic field conditions. Through all these changes the PVR frequency remains remarkably stable (8.2 ± 0.53 mHz, based on low‐latitude ground magnetometer observations), suggesting that these variations have little effect on the frequency. This is consistent with PVR model predictions for a stationary plasmapause.
An Artificial Neural Network‐Based Ionospheric Model to Predict NmF2 and hmF2 Using Long‐Term Data Set of FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC Radio Occultation Observations: Preliminary Results
Authors: Sai Gowtam V. , Tulasi Ram S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractArtificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are known to be capable of solving linear as well as highly nonlinear problems. Using the long‐term and high‐quality data set of Formosa Satellite‐3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC, in short F3/C) from 2006 to 2015, an ANN‐based two‐dimensional (2‐D) Ionospheric Model (ANNIM) is developed to predict the ionospheric peak parameters, such as NmF2 and hmF2. In this pilot study, the ANNIM results are compared with the original F3/C data, GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) observations as well as International Reference Ionosphere (IRI)‐2016 model to assess the learning efficiency of the neural networks used in the model. The ANNIM could well predict the NmF2 (hmF2) values with RMS errors of 1.87 × 105 el/cm3 (27.9 km) with respect to actual F3/C; and 2.98 × 105 el/cm3 (40.18 km) with respect to independent GRACE data. Further, the ANNIM predictions found to be as good as IRI‐2016 model with a slightly smaller RMS error when compared to independent GRACE data. The ANNIM has successfully reproduced the local time, latitude, longitude, and seasonal variations with errors ranging ~15–25% for NmF2 and 10–15% for hmF2 compared to actual F3/C data, except the postsunset enhancement in hmF2. Further, the ANNIM has also captured the global‐scale ionospheric phenomena such as ionospheric annual anomaly, Weddell Sea Anomaly, and the midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly. Compared to IRI‐2016 model, the ANNIM is found to have better represented the fine longitudinal structures and the midlatitude summer nighttime enhancements in both the hemispheres.
Sea Surface Temperatures in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific and Surface Temperatures in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia During El Niño: Implications for Pliocene Conditions
Authors: Pérez‐Angel Lina C. , Molnar Peter 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRegressions of surface temperatures in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the equatorial Pacific, and specifically with Niño1+2 and Niño3 temperature anomalies, show that the Eastern Cordillera warms or cools by approximately half of the amplitude of the variation of SSTs in the eastern tropical Pacific. Because Pliocene SSTs in the eastern tropical Pacific resemble those during major El Niño events, when SSTs warm by ~4°C, these regressions suggest that the Pliocene Eastern Cordillera was warmer by ~2°C at both high and low elevations. Such post‐Pliocene cooling is smaller than the ~9–12°C inferred from fossil pollen assemblages, but comparable to recent estimates of Anderson et al. of 3 ± 1°C (1σ) since ~8 Ma. This change in surface temperature could be explained by a change in regional climate associated with a different tropical Pacific SST distribution and therefore would require neither an elevation change of the Eastern Cordillera since that time nor a change between Pliocene and present‐day temperatures in the tropics that is as large as estimates of the global change of ~2.5–4°C.