bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Douglas-Fir Genome Sequence Reveals Specialization of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Pinaceae
Authors: Neale David B , McGuire Patrick E , Wheeler Nicholas C , Stevens Kristian A , Crepeau Marc W , Cardeno Charis , Zimin Aleksey V , Puiu Daniela , Pertea Geo M , Sezen U Uzay , Casola Claudio , Koralewski Tomasz E , Paul Robin , Gonzalez-Ibeas Daniel , Zaman Sumaira , Cronn Richard , Yandell Mark , Holt Carson , Langley Charles H , Yorke James A , Salzberg Steven L , Wegrzyn Jill L 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA reference genome sequence for Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Coastal Douglas-fir) is reported, thus providing a reference sequence for a third genus of the family Pinaceae. The contiguity and quality of the genome assembly far exceeds that of other conifer reference genome sequences (contig N50 = 44,136 bp and scaffold N50 = 340,704 bp). Incremental improvements in sequencing and assembly technologies are in part responsible for the higher quality reference genome, but it may also be due to a slightly lower exact repeat content in Douglas-fir vs. pine and spruce. Comparative genome annotation with angiosperm species reveals gene-family expansion and contraction in Douglas-fir and other conifers which may account for some of the major morphological and physiological differences between the two major plant groups. Notable differences in the size of the NDH-complex gene family and genes underlying the functional basis of shade tolerance/intolerance were observed. This reference genome sequence not only provides an important resource for Douglas-fir breeders and geneticists but also sheds additional light on the evolutionary processes that have led to the divergence of modern angiosperms from the more ancient gymnosperms.
The Integrated Genomic Architecture and Evolution of Dental Divergence in East African Cichlid Fishes (Haplochromis chilotes x H. nyererei)
Authors: Hulsey C Darrin , Machado-Schiaffino Gonzalo , Keicher Lara , Ellis-Soto Diego , Henning Frederico , Meyer Axel 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The independent evolution of the two toothed jaws of cichlid fishes is thought to have promoted their unparalleled ecological divergence and species richness. However, dental divergence in cichlids could exhibit substantial genetic covariance and this could dictate how traits like tooth numbers evolve in different African Lakes and on their two jaws. To test this hypothesis, we used a hybrid mapping cross of two trophically divergent Lake Victoria species (Haplochromis chilotes × Haplochromis nyererei) to examine genomic regions associated with cichlid tooth diversity. Surprisingly, a similar genomic region was found to be associated with oral jaw tooth numbers in cichlids from both Lake Malawi and Lake Victoria. Likewise, this same genomic location was associated with variation in pharyngeal jaw tooth numbers. Similar relationships between tooth numbers on the two jaws in both our Victoria hybrid population and across the phylogenetic diversity of Malawi cichlids additionally suggests that tooth numbers on the two jaws of haplochromine cichlids might generally coevolve owing to shared genetic underpinnings. Integrated, rather than independent, genomic architectures could be key to the incomparable evolutionary divergence and convergence in cichlid tooth numbers.
The Recombination Landscape in Wild House Mice Inferred Using Population Genomic Data
Authors: Booker Tom R , Ness Rob W , Keightley Peter D 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Characterizing variation in the rate of recombination across the genome is important for understanding several evolutionary processes. Previous analysis of the recombination landscape in laboratory mice has revealed that the different subspecies have different suites of recombination hotspots. It is unknown, however, whether hotspots identified in laboratory strains reflect the hotspot diversity of natural populations or whether broad-scale variation in the rate of recombination is conserved between subspecies. In this study, we constructed fine-scale recombination rate maps for a natural population of the Eastern house mouse, Mus musculus castaneus. We performed simulations to assess the accuracy of recombination rate inference in the presence of phase errors, and we used a novel approach to quantify phase error. The spatial distribution of recombination events is strongly positively correlated between our castaneus map, and a map constructed using inbred lines derived predominantly from M. m. domesticus. Recombination hotspots in wild castaneus show little overlap, however, with the locations of double-strand breaks in wild-derived house mouse strains. Finally, we also find that genetic diversity in M. m. castaneus is positively correlated with the rate of recombination, consistent with pervasive natural selection operating in the genome. Our study suggests that recombination rate variation is conserved at broad scales between house mouse subspecies, but it is not strongly conserved at fine scales.
Mal de Pott en la Provincia del Chaco. [Pott's disease in the Chaco Province.]
Authors: Manzone Patricio , Quiroz Leonardo Javier , Vallejos Arce María Selva , Mariño Ávalos Eduardo , Laluf Alejandro Francisco , Cardozo Iñiguez María Lorena , Gemetro José Felipe 
Published: July 2017

<p><strong>Introducción</strong></p><p><strong></strong>La tuberculosis (TB) es la séptima causa de muerte mundial. Compromete al raquis en menos del 1 % de los casos.</p><p><strong>Objetivo</strong></p><p><strong></strong>Investigar la frecuencia provincial del Mal de Pott, caracterizar su perfil e identificar pautas para regiones similares.</p><p><strong>Material y Métodos</strong></p><p><strong></strong>Rastreo de internados por TB del período 1996 – 2014 (19 años) en Hospitales provinciales de cabecera. Revisión de Historias de casos raquídeos. Clasificaciones de Frankel y de GATA. Datos de últimos censos nacionales. Revisión bibliográfica.</p><p><strong>Resultados</strong></p><p><strong></strong>14 casos: 8 varones/6 mujeres. Edad promedio: 35.4 años (3.8 - 63). Seguimiento: 2.8 años (1 mes – 15 años); un óbito postoperatorio inmediato. Siete pacientes provenían de departamentos con baja carga de morbilidad de TB. Síntomas de presentación: déficit neurológico 9, dolor axial y/o radicular puros 4 y deformidad vertebral pura 1 paciente. Frankel ingreso: E 5 casos, D2, C 2 y A 5 pacientes. Localizaciones: Torácica, 5; Tóraco-lumbar, 6; Lumbar, 1; Múltiple 2 pacientes.</p><p>Distribución étnica: 5 caucásicos, 5 aborígenes, 3 criollos, 1 mestizo. Según la Clasificación GATA: 1 lesión Tipo IB; 4 Tipo II; 8 Tipo III; 1 caso Inclasificable. Los pacientes de etnia originaria tuvieron cuadros neurológicos y lesiones GATA más severas.</p><p>Doce pacientes fueron operados. Hubo 10 instrumentaciones. Al seguimiento: 8 asintomáticos, 4 fallecidos y 2 pacientes con síntomas moderados. Cinco mejoraron su estado neurológico; no hubo deterioros. De 11 operados sobrevivientes 5 presentaban deformidad secuelar. No hubo diferencia entre doble instrumentación, instrumentación posterior aislada o sin instrumentación. <em></em></p><p><strong>Conclusiones</strong></p><p><strong></strong>Las etnias originarias muestran mayor frecuencia, formas más severas, presentaciones avanzadas y de tratamiento quirúrgico habitual. La mortalidad es alta. </p>
Avaliação das dificuldades de aprendizado em Bioquímica dos discentes da Universidade Federal do Piauí
Authors: De Andrade Raíssa Silva Bacelar , E Silva Ayres Fran Da Silva , Zierer Maximiliano De Souza 
Published: July 2017

A Bioquímica é uma das disciplinas básicas mais presentes na grade curricular dos diversos cursos da área da saúde e das ciências da natureza. Contudo, a literatura aponta para uma grande dificuldade dos alunos de graduação frente ao aprendizado desta disciplina. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, por meio de um questionário, o grau de dificuldade de aprendizado em Bioquímica apresentado pelos discentes, a fim de levantar discussões sobre estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem para tentar minimizar o problema. Constatamos que 86,5% dos alunos pesquisados apresentaram um grau de dificuldade de aprendizado em Bioquímica de médio a alto. Além disso, 62,8% dos alunos relataram ter dificuldades de aprendizado em outras disciplinas em seus cursos de graduação. Associado a esses dados, 81,03% dos estudantes reconheceram ter passado por dificuldades de aprendizado no ensino médio, sendo que as disciplinas mais mencionadas foram matemática (44,73%) e química (38,98%). Como consequência desse problema, 21,4% do total dos discentes pesquisados eram repetentes na disciplina de Bioquímica, o que representa um grupo significativo de alunos com grandes dificuldades de aprendizado. Verificamos que as dificuldades de aprendizado em Bioquímica possuem múltiplas causas, sendo que provavelmente a mais importante é a deficiência na formação dos alunos vindos dos ensinos fundamental e médio.
Effects of a semi-intensive raising system on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broiler chicks
Authors: Kaya Serafettin , Yildirim Hakan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The present study was carried out to compare the growth performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens reared in semi-intensive and conventional systems (Ross 308, n=120). Chickens were raised in a pen on wooden shavings for 21 days. On day 21 of age, chicks were assigned to 2 treatments (indoor treatment and semi-intensive treatment). The experiment was conducted at until 6 weeks of age. Production system has a significant effect on wing (P less than 0.05) and heart weight (P less than 0.01), but has no any effect on final body weight, hot or cold carcass weight, thigh, breast, back and neck, gizzard, liver and abdominal fat weights (P>0.05). The final body weight, hot and cold carcass weight, thigh, wings and heart weights were affected by sex of birds (p less than 0.05) while breast, back, liver, gizzard and abdominal fat were not affected by sex (P>0.05). The nutrient level of carcass parts was not influenced by production system or sex (P>0.05). In our study, breast of birds reared under semi-intensive system had significantly lower ‘L’ (P less than 0.05), higher ‘a’ statistically different (P less than 0.01); while ‘b’ value was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in skin of semi-intensive reared birds
Thyroid hormones and lipid profile in Labrador Retriever male dogs
Authors: Megha K. , Swamy M. , Ranganath L. , Rao Suguna , Shridhar N. , Veena M. , Ramesh P. 
Published: July 2017

A study was conducted to assess the thyroid hormones and lipid profile in Labrador Retriever male dogs presented to the Veterinary College Hospital, Bengaluru for routine health check up and vaccination. Based on their age, they were randomly divided into Group I, Group II and Group III that consisted of one to three years age (young age), more than three years to six years age (middle age) and more than six to nine years age (old age), respectively. In all the dogs the body weight was recorded. The profile of thyroid hormones such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) were estimated by using ELISA kits. The lipid profile parameters such as triglycerides, cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were estimated by using biochemical reagent kits. The values of LDL and VLDL cholesterol were calculated by using Friedewald formula. Further, the blood glucose level was estimated using the Glucochek® glucometer and serum total protein level by using reagent kit. Results revealed that the increased body weight was observed as age advanced. The T3 levels did not vary significantly among different age groups. Whereas, in the advanced age groups there was reduction in T4 levels and increase in TSH levels which was suggestive of hypothyroidism. Triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and VLDL levels were significantly higher in older dogs followed by middle age group compared to young age group. However, the alterations in blood glucose and serum total protein levels were non significant between different age groups. It was concluded that the Labrador Retriever male dogs could be more prone to hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia and therefore master health check-up could be taken up at least once in a year as a precautionary measure to avoid complications of hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia.
Xenogenous Collagen Matrix and/or Enamel Matrix Derivative for Treatment of Localized Gingival Recessions: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Part I: Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Sangiorgio João Paulo Menck , Neves Felipe Lucas da Silva , Rocha dos Santos Manuela , França‐Grohmann Isabela Lima , Casarin Renato Corrêa Viana , Casati Márcio Zaffalon , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Sallum Enilson Antonio 
Published: July 2017

Background: Considering xenogeneic collagen matrix (CM) and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) characteristics, it is suggested that their combination could promote superior clinical outcomes in root coverage procedures. Thus, the aim of this parallel, double‐masked, dual‐center, randomized clinical trial is to evaluate clinical outcomes after treatment of localized gingival recession (GR) by a coronally advanced flap (CAF) combined with CM and/or EMD.Methods: Sixty‐eight patients presenting one Miller Class I or II GRs were randomly assigned to receive either CAF (n = 17); CAF + CM (n = 17); CAF + EMD (n = 17), or CAF + CM + EMD (n = 17). Recession height, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and keratinized tissue width and thickness were measured at baseline and 90 days and 6 months after surgery.Results: The obtained root coverage was 68.04% ± 24.11% for CAF; 87.20% ± 15.01% for CAF + CM; 88.77% ± 20.66% for CAF + EMD; and 91.59% ± 11.08% for CAF + CM + EMD after 6 months. Groups that received biomaterials showed greater values (P <0.05). Complete root coverage (CRC) for CAF + EMD was 70.59%, significantly superior to CAF alone (23.53%); CAF + CM (52.94%), and CAF + CM + EMD (51.47%) (P <0.05). Keratinized tissue thickness gain was significant only in CM‐treated groups (P <0.05).Conclusions: The three approaches are superior to CAF alone for root coverage. EMD provides highest levels of CRC; however, the addition of CM increases gingival thickness. The combination approach does not seem justified.
Porphyromonas gingivalis Suppresses Trophoblast Invasion by Soluble Factors
Authors: Hirohata Naoko , Komine‐Aizawa Shihoko , Tamura Muneaki , Ochiai Kuniyasu , Sugitani Masahiko , Hayakawa Satoshi 
Published: July 2017

Background: Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disorder that affects supporting tissues of the teeth. An increased risk of pregnancy complications has been reported in patients with periodontitis; however, its pathophysiology remains uncharacterized to date. In addition, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is detectable in a few placentae derived from diseased pregnancies. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the roles of soluble factors produced by Pg on trophoblast invasion in vitro to clarify the remote effects of periodontitis on pregnancy outcomes.Methods: The immortalized trophoblast cell line HTR‐8/SVneo was cultured on plates or via hanging drop to evaluate viability, apoptosis, and morphology in the presence of the culture supernatant of Pg (PG‐sup). Cells were plated on solubilized extracellular matrix rich membrane preparation plates to evaluate cell invasion. Morphologic changes were evaluated via stereomicroscopy, optical microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.Results: After 24 hours of culture, cell invasion was inhibited by PG‐sup in a dose‐dependent manner. Although cell viability and apoptotic counts were not affected by PG‐sup, spheroid formation in hanging drop culture was inhibited. Spheroids became fragile and irregular in the presence of PG‐sup. Transmission electron microscopy revealed shortened microvilli and increased intracellular spaces.Conclusions: PG‐sup inhibits trophoblast invasion and affects trophoblast morphology without direct cytotoxicity. These results indicate that Pg produces soluble factor(s) that suppress trophoblast invasion and subsequent vascular remodeling, which affect placental growth and fetal well‐being. It is expected that the current findings will explain the increased prevalence of pregnancy complications in patients with periodontitis.
ESTUDIO MULTICÉNTRICO ESPAÑOL: NIÑOS CON HIPERAMONIEMIA NO ASOCIADA A ERRORES INNATOS DEL METABOLISMO
Authors: Gil Campos Mercedes 
Published: July 2017

La encefalopatía hiperamoniémica inducida por causas diferentes a los errores innatos del metabolismo es un efecto adverso relativamente infrecuente, pero muy grave.Objetivo: Conocer las características de un episodio de hiperamoniemia secundaria, tratar de discernir las causas desencadenantes, cómo se llega al diagnóstico del episodio, y la efectividad de los tratamientos utilizados.Métodos: Es un estudio multicéntrico retrospectivo de casos pediátricos con hiperamoniemia no relacionada con errores innatos del metabolismo, llevado a cabo en hospitales españoles.Resultados: Se seleccionaron 19 pacientes y en un 47% el episodio de hiperamoniemia aparición en menores de 1 año, siendo diagnosticados mayoritariamente con 2 o más síntomas. La clínica más frecuente fue la de alteración del nivel de conciencia tipo intoxicación, seguida de las crisis convulsivas sumando en ambas hasta 14 pacientes con alguna de ellas o las dos. 12 de los 19 pacientes utilizaban más de dos fármacos antiepilépticos de forma habitual. Todos los niños recibieron tratamiento con restricción proteica (n:10), quelantes (n:10) y/o ácido carglúmico (n:12) para el tratamiento de la hiperamoniemia.Conclusiones: Este estudio sugiere que la hiperamoniemia secundaria está infradiagnosticada y sólo se detecta cuando aparece una sintomatología grave. Parecen ser pacientes de riesgo aquéllos que reciben fármacos antiepilépticos o aquellos críticos con una alimentación restringida o un metabolismo elevado. La respuesta con tratamiento específico es adecuada pero debe ser precoz para evitar las secuelas neurológicas de esta entidad.
CONDICIÓN FÍSICA Y SENSIBILIDAD INSULÍNICA EN UN GRUPO DE ESCOLARES OBESOS DE 8 A 13 AÑOS SEGÚN ESTADO PUBERAL
Authors: Vasquez Fabian 
Published: July 2017

Introducción: La resistencia a la insulina es la alteración metabólica más común relacionada con la obesidad y se asocia a un mayor riesgo cardiovascular en la edad pediátrica. Sumado a esto, una inadecuada condición física, presentan un alto riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones cardiometabólicas tempranamente. Objetivo: Evaluar la condición física y la resistencia insulínica en escolares obesos de 8 a 13 años de edad, seleccionados en 3 establecimientos públicos de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago.Métodos: 61 escolares obesos (25 Tanner I-II y 36 Tanner III-V). Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, etapas de Tanner, composición corporal con el modelo de 4 compartimentos, condición física con el TM6min e indicadores de laboratorio; glicemia, insulinemia y HOMA-IR. Se diagnosticó síndrome metabólico según criterio de Cook. Resultados: Los escolares y adolescentes obesos prepúberes y púberes, presentan una inadecuada condición física, reflejada en la distancia recorrida y en la frecuencia cardiaca durante y posterior al TM6min. A su vez, la muestra presenta una alta prevalencia de resistencia a insulina en conjunto con síndrome metabólico. Conclusiones: Independientemente del estado puberal, los escolares obesos presentan una baja condición física y una disminución de la sensibilidad a la insulina, que se refleja en un hiperinsulinismo compensatorio.
EVALUACIÓN DEL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EN MENORES DE 5 AÑOS: CONCORDANCIA DE ÍNDICES ANTROPOMÉTRICOS EN POBLACIÓN INDÍGENA DE CHIAPAS
Authors: Ochoa Héctor 
Published: July 2017

Resumen IntroducciónEl estado nutricional se determina a través de diferentes métodos, entre ellos el antropométrico. En niños menores de cinco años se utilizan índices como p/e, t/e, p/t e IMC. El propósito del presente artículo es analizar y comparar la capacidad, de los distintos índices antropométricos para identificar a niños de comunidades marginadas de Chiapas con problemas nutricionales. Objetivo Analizar la concordancia entre los diferentes índices antropométricos para determinar el estado nutricional de niños menores de cinco años de edad en áreas rurales pobres con antecedentes de baja talla. MétodosEstudio transversal en 1160 niños menores de cinco años de edad en 13 comunidades de alta marginación de tres regiones de Chiapas. Las variables estudiadas fueron edad, sexo, peso y talla. Se determinó la prevalencia del estado nutricional a través de los índices p/e, t/e, p/t e IMC. El personal de campo que realizó las mediciones de peso y talla fue capacitado y estandarizado. Se calculó el coeficiente de Kappa para analizar la concordancia entre los índices. ResultadosNo se encontró concordancia entre el IMC y p/e, t/e. La prevalencia de desnutrición según t/e fue de 64.8 %. Sólo se encontró concordancia alta (0.726) entre IMC y peso/talla. El IMC arrojó una prevalencia baja de desnutrición y una mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad que los índices p/e y t/e. Conclusiones Para un diagnóstico confiable y preciso en la población con antecedentes de desnutrición crónica se recomienda utilizar los cuatro índices de manera conjunta. Lo anterior, para no subestimar ni sobreestimar su estado nutricional y focalizar las acciones de atención a la mejora del estado de salud y nutrición de los niños que viven en condiciones de pobreza extrema.
Program Kemitraan dalam Sistem Pertanian Terpadu
Authors: Pasaribu Sahat M. 
Published: July 2017

<p><strong>English</strong></p><p>Collaboration pattern for productive activities in the form of public - private partnerships in the agricultural sector is very important and could be an alternative program to improve farmer’s income. Public - Private Partnership (PPP) is a policy instrument to gear up rural resources toward competitive produces. This paper describes the concept of partne rships program for integrated farm i ng systems and discusses its development orientation. Nucleus - plasma and sub - contract partnership patterns are mostly suitable for agricultural sector. PPP has its potential to strengthen institutional relationships betwe en the farmers and private sectors through government facilities. PPP should be able to help the farmers to deal with agribusiness financial problems, improve product quality, and increase access to market. Energy and other high economic value products ob tained from this partnerships business activities are expected to support food self - reliance and improve farmer’s welfare. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesia</strong></p><p>Pola kerja sama untuk kegiatan produktif dalam bentuk kemitraan (public-private partnership atau PPP) di sektor pertanian sangat penting sebagai alternatif program dalam rangka peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat. PPP adalah salah satu instrumen kebijakan yang mampu menggerakkan sumber daya perdesaan untuk menghasilkan produk yang berdaya saing. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsep program kemitraan untuk sistem pertanian terpadu dan membahas orientasi pengembangannya. Pola kemitraan inti-plasma dan subkontrak dinilai relevan diaplikasikan untuk sektor pertanian. PPP berpotensi memperkuat hubungan kelembagaan antara petani dengan swasta yang difasilitasi pemerintah. PPP dapat membantu petani mengatasi masalah pembiayaan usaha pertanian, memperbaiki kualitas produk, dan meningkatkan akses pasar bagi produk yang dihasilkannya. Energi dan produk bernilai ekonomi tinggi lain yang dihasilkan dengan pola kerja sama ini diharapkan dapat mendukung kemandirian pangan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani.</p>