bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of bioactive compound from bael (Aegle marmelos) leaves: A comparative analysis of ultrasound and microwave‐assisted methods
Authors: Patra Abhipriya , Arun Prasath V. , Thakur Rahul , Shakthi Sree V. , Sarkar Preetam , Kambhampati Vivek 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study designs, models, and compares microwave and ultrasound‐assisted extraction (MAE and UAE) methods for bioactive compounds from bael leaves, highlighting their advantages over conventional techniques in optimizing extraction efficiency. MAE achieved 45.50 ± 0.44 mg GAE/g, 11.41 ± 0.13 μg TAE/g, 0.29 ± 0.02 mg QE/g, 1.30 ± 0.09 mg diosgenin/g, and 80.40% ± 0.89% DPPH scavenging activity at optimized conditions (550 W microwave power, 2 min treatment time, and 26.74 mL solvent:BLP). However, UAE yielded 77.13 ± 0.62 mg GAE/g, 30.19 ± 0.18 μg TAE/g, 0.78 ± 0.02 mg QE/g, 1.09 ± 0.13 mg diosgenin/g, and 83.37% ± 0.80% DPPH scavenging activity at optimized conditions (32% amplitude, 18.5 min treatment time, and 40.9 mL solvent: BLP). Statistical analysis validated RSM model's accuracy, with UAE and MAE models achieving R² > 0.95 and low error values. UAE demonstrated superior efficiency in extracting bioactive compounds, reducing antinutritional components, and enhancing antimicrobial activity. FTIR and SEM confirmed higher phenolic content and greater cell disruption. These methods boost extraction efficiency, supporting the development of nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals.Practical ApplicationThe introduction of innovative extraction methods such as microwave and ultrasound assistance has developed the isolation of bioactive compounds from bael leaves, with wide‐ranging applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture, food industries, and so forth. Significant findings reveal that optimized ultrasound and microwave extraction processes yield higher amounts of bioactive compounds and preserve thermolabile components, demonstrating strong potential for industry‐scale production. These advanced techniques efficiently extract compounds with potent antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, developing novel drugs, nutraceuticals, skincare products, natural pesticides, and growth enhancers. The resulting extracts, rich in bioactive components, offer significant health benefits and robust antimicrobial activity, making them valuable ingredients for cutting‐edge products in healthcare and wellness. By leveraging the medicinal potential of bael leaves through modern extraction processes, researchers and industries can create functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics that meet the demand for natural, effective, and sustainable solutions. These innovations represent a significant leap in product development, emphasizing the importance of nature‐derived ingredients in addressing progressing consumer needs for health and well‐being.
Inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coliK12 in selected fruit juices determined by thermal‐death‐time disks
Authors: Araghi Lida Rahimi , Mishra Abhinav , Adhikari Koushik , Singh Rakesh K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli K12 inoculated in blueberry, grapefruit, cantaloupe, and watermelon juices were evaluated at isothermal temperatures of 52 to 62 °C using thermal death time disks. Juices had variations in titratable acidity, pH, viscosity, and total soluble solids. Survival curves were described by Weibull and linear models, where D‐ and z‐values were determined using the first‐order model. D‐values in watermelon, cantaloupe, blueberry and grapefruit juices, were 6.57–0.64 min, 4.55–0.44 min, 3.94–0.27 min, and 3.03–0.24 min, respectively. The z‐values of E. coli K12 in tested fruit juices ranged from 5.33 to 5.89 °C. While there were no significant differences in the z‐values, the D‐values varied significantly. According to the results obtained, pH and heating temperature dramatically affect the thermal resistance of E. coli K12 under tested conditions. These findings offer a basis for developing predictive models for E. coli inactivation in fruit juices.Practical applicationsThermal death time (TDT) kinetics is extremely useful in ensuring microbial safety of fruit juices. The D‐ and z‐values calculated in this study can contribute to developing predictive models for inactivating E. coli in fruit juices with varied physicochemical attributes. Furthermore, the data and models can be used for optimization of pasteurization processes and regulatory compliance. TDT studies provide the scientific basis for process calculations and help juice manufacturers comply with regulatory requirements. Also, TDT studies help determine the minimal thermal treatments needed to inhibit spoilage organisms, ensuring the juice remains safe and palatable for longer periods. This research will help scientists understand the thermal resistance of E. coli in various fruit juice matrices.
An exploration into self‐reported inactivity behaviours of adults with an intellectual disability using physical activity questionnaires
Authors: Lynch L. , McCarron M. , McCallion P. , Burke E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundInactivity is a correlate of adverse health. Adults with an intellectual disability (ID) are more inactive than the general population and often present with more complex health issues. Self‐reported activity questionnaires such as the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form (IPAQ‐SF) and Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) questionnaire are the predominant source of activity information because of their low cost, non‐invasive nature, ease of administration and interpretation of results.MethodsCorrelates of inactivity among the general and ID populations were identified through a literature scoping review. Inactivity was measured using the RAPA and the IPAQ‐SF. A multiple‐imputation chained equation was used to impute missing data. Using Pearson chi‐squared analyses, relationships between these correlates as well as covariates of age, sex, level of ID, body mass index (BMI) and aetiology, and RAPA and IPAQ‐SF categories were explored. Logistic regression provided more detailed analyses. Results were summarised using the Systems of Sedentary Behaviour framework. Spearman correlations examined the IPAQ‐SF and RAPA relationships.ResultsThree correlates for inactivity emerged from the IPAQ‐SF and RAPA questionnaire. Up after 07:00 h was a correlate for both. Difficulty walking 100 yards and epilepsy were additional correlates of inactivity. Weak but significant correlations were seen between IPAQ‐SF and RAPA scores.ConclusionsHigh inactivity levels are present in adults with an ID. The IPAQ‐SF and RAPA questionnaires are weakly correlated.
Effect of artificial aging on fracture toughness and hardness of 3D‐printed and milled 3Y‐TZP zirconia
Authors: Alhotan Abdulaziz , Yilmaz Burak , Weber Anna , Babaier Rua , Bourauel Christoph , Fouda Ahmed Mahmoud 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of artificial aging on the fracture toughness and hardness of three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed and computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) milled 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y‐TZP).Materials and MethodsForty bar‐shaped specimens (45 × 4 × 3 mm) were prepared using two manufacturing technologies: 3D printing (LithaCon 3Y 210, Lithoz GmbH, Vienna, Austria; n = 20) and milling (Initial Zirconia ST, GC, Japan; n = 20) of 3Y‐TZP. The chevron‐notch beam method was used to assess the fracture toughness according to ISO 24370. Specimens from each 3Y‐TZP group were divided into two subgroups (n = 10) based on the artificial aging process (autoclaving): nonaged and aged. Nonaged specimens were stored at room temperature, while aged specimens underwent autoclave aging at 134°C under 2 bar‐pressure for 5 h. Subsequently, the specimens were immersed in absolute 99% ethanol using an ultrasonic cleaner for 5 min. Each specimen was preloaded by subjecting it to a 4‐point loading test, with a force of up to 200 N applied for three cycles. Further 4‐point loading was conducted at a rate of 0.5 mm/min under controlled temperature and humidity conditions until fracture occurred. The maximum force (Fmax) was recorded and the chevron notch was examined at 30 × magnification under an optical microscope for measurements before the fracture toughness (KIc) was calculated. Microhardness testing was also performed to measure the Vickers hardness number (VHN). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X‐ray unit (EDX) was used to examine surface topography and chemical composition. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted to identify crystalline structure. Data were statistically analyzed using two‐way ANOVA and Student's t‐test with a significance level of 0.05.ResultsThe nonaged 3D‐printed 3Y‐TZP group exhibited a significantly higher fracture toughness value (6.07 MPa m1/2) than the milled 3Y‐TZP groups (p < 0.001). After autoclave aging, the 3D‐printed 3Y‐TZP group maintained significantly higher fracture toughness (p < 0.001) compared to the milled 3Y‐TZP group. However, no significant differences in hardness values (p = 0.096) were observed between the aged and nonaged groups within each manufacturing process (3D‐printed and milled) independently.ConclusionThe findings revealed that the new 3D‐printed 3Y‐TZP produced by the lithography‐based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) technology exhibited superior fracture toughness after autoclave aging compared to the milled 3Y‐TZP. While no significant differences in hardness were observed between the aged groups, the 3D‐printed material demonstrated greater resistance to fracture, indicating enhanced mechanical stability.
Melatonin Alleviates Osteoarthritis by Regulating NADPH Oxidase 4–Induced Ferroptosis and Mitigating Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Wang Qi , Qi Beijie , Shi Shi , Jiang Weihao , Li Dejian , Jiang Xinhua , Yi Chengqing 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTRecent evidence indicates that the damaged regions in osteoarthritis are accompanied by the accumulation of iron ions. Ferroptosis, as an iron‐dependent form of cell death, holds significant implications in osteoarthritis. Melatonin, a natural product with strong scavenging abilities against reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, plays a crucial role in the treatment of osteoarthritis. This study aims to demonstrate the existence of ferroptosis in osteoarthritis and explore the specific mechanism of melatonin in suppressing ferroptosis and alleviating osteoarthritis. Our findings reveal that melatonin reverses inflammation‐induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation while promoting the expression of extracellular matrix components in chondrocytes, safeguarding the cells. Our research has revealed that NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) serves as a crucial molecule in the ferroptosis process of osteoarthritis. Specifically, NOX4 is located on mitochondria in chondrocytes, which can induce disorders in mitochondrial energy metabolism and dysfunction, thereby intensifying oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. LC‐MS analysis further uncovered that GRP78 is a downstream binding protein of NOX4. NOX4 induces ferroptosis by weakening GRP78's protective effect on GPX4 and reducing its expression. Melatonin can inhibit the upregulation of NOX4 on mitochondria and mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, effectively suppressing ferroptosis and alleviating osteoarthritis. This suggests that melatonin therapy represents a promising new approach for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Hypoalbuminaemia and its association with disease and clinical outcomes in cats
Authors: Fong K. Y. M. , Oikonomidis I. L. , Leong D. , Lo G. , Heal J. , Woods G. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo report the incidence of feline hypoalbuminaemia and characterise the distribution of presenting disease categories and pathoaetiologies of hypoalbuminaemia in cats. The secondary aim was to evaluate the relationship between hypoalbuminaemia and clinical outcomes.Materials and MethodsMedical records of cats with hypoalbuminaemia (<28.0 g/L, reference interval: 28.0 to 39.0 g/L) presenting to a veterinary teaching hospital over 5 years were retrospectively reviewed. The severity of hypoalbuminaemia was further stratified into mild (24.0 to 27.9 g/L), moderate (20.0 to 23.9 g/L) and severe (≤19.9 g/L) groups. The median albumin and severity groups were compared between the determined disease categories, pathoaetiologies and clinical outcomes.ResultsThe incidence of hypoalbuminaemia was 32.7% (533/1632). Gastrointestinal disease was the most common disease category associated with hypoalbuminaemia [154/533 (28.9%)], of which, 49.4% (76/154) of cats had gastrointestinal neoplasia. Neoplastic [159/533 (29.8%)] and inflammatory conditions [158/533 (29.6%)] were common pathoaetiologies noted. Statistically significant differences in the serum albumin between individual disease and pathoaetiological categories were found. Cats with moderate to severe hypoalbuminaemia had a statistically significantly longer hospitalisation period, cost of treatment and increased odds of death (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.3 to 4.6 and odds ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.5 to 6.6, respectively).Clinical SignificanceThe incidence of feline hypoalbuminaemia in our study surpasses previous canine reports. Our findings support albumin as a negative acute phase protein in cats, with hypoalbuminaemia frequently associated with inflammatory disease. Hypoalbuminaemia also features prominently in cats with gastrointestinal neoplasia, indicating careful appraisal of the presence of protein‐losing enteropathy is required in these cases. Finally, albumin is found to be a prognostic indicator in this study.
‘I felt her poems were more like my life’: cultivating BPoC teenagers' writer‐identity through a poet residency
Authors: Ramdarshan Bold Melanie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article examines the impact of a poet‐led classroom‐based poetry programme on secondary school students' writer identities and self‐expression, particularly focusing on BPoC teenagers. Drawing on the Writing Realities framework, the research uses focus groups, participant observations, and interviews with the poet‐in‐residence. Rather than analysing the students' poems, the study explores their engagement with poetry writing and the poet‐in‐residence, highlighting the contribution to self‐reflection and meaning‐making. The findings reveal how the residency introduced students to diverse poetry forms, community‐based poetry, and collaborative writing, facilitating critical engagement with themes relevant to their lives. However, the school's status as a Predominantly White Institution hindered full expression of BPoC students' identities. The presence of the poet‐in‐residence, a young mixed‐heritage Muslim woman, positively influenced students' relationships with writing, particularly for BPoC students, by providing a protected space for self‐expression and identity exploration. The study underscores the importance of creating supportive environments in schools to nurture BPoC students' creativity and writer identity, emphasising the need for anti‐racist practices and culturally sustaining pedagogies to empower students from socially marginalised groups.
Australian snubfin vocal activity is influenced by behavioral state and group characteristics
Authors: Banfield Renae , Cagnazzi Daniele , Johnston Nathan , Indeck Katherine L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcoustic communication is an important aspect of life for marine mammals, as their environment often limits the reliability of visual cues. However, there is little information regarding the acoustic communication and behavior of Australian snubfin dolphins (Orcaella heinsohni). This study was designed to determine if call rate and type were significantly affected by the behavioral state, group size, and cohesion of snubfin dolphins in the Fitzroy River in Queensland, Australia. We found that dolphins significantly modified both call rate (calls/hour/individual) and call type among behavioral states. For example, call rates were higher when dolphins were foraging versus resting or traveling. We also found that group size and cohesion had minimal effects on call rate, but significantly affected the predicted probabilities of call type production. For example, the probability ratio of burst pulse to whistle production is estimated to be highest when groups are widespread (>10 m), indicating the potential importance of burst pulses in maintaining contact between dispersed individuals. This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of snubfin dolphin communication under natural noise conditions in relation to behavioral context, which provides a foundation to explore how anthropogenic acoustic masking and behavioral disturbances may affect these dolphins in the future.
Perceptions of Older People in Nursing Facilities About Advance Care Planning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liang Ting , Feng Jia , Feng Xiao‐ning , Yang Tao 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWith the ageing of the population intensifying, the implementation of advance care planning (ACP) in nursing facilities is especially crucial.ObjectiveThis study aimed to search and synthesise qualitative studies exploring the perspectives of older people in nursing facilities about ACP discussions.MethodsThe researchers conducted searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBM between the time of inception and October 2023. The PICo model was used to build the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers screened the literature, extracted data and then integrated the literature using the integrative synthesis.ResultsA total of 12 articles were included, 47 themes were extracted, and three research integrations were summarised: (1) understanding of ACP; (2) attitude towards ACP; and (3) influencing factors of participation in ACP.ConclusionThis study offers guidance for the future development of ACP on the participation of older people in nursing facilities.Implications for PracticeIt is necessary to strengthen the education of ACP‐related knowledge in conjunction with the cultural characteristics of different countries, to provide interdisciplinary support for older people through professional teamwork and to promote the development and improvement of ACP‐related practices.
Diversity in stomatal and hydraulic responses to post‐flowering drought in common (Phaseolus vulgaris) and tepary (P. acutifolius) beans
Authors: Buckley Thomas N. , Magney Troy S. , Berny Mier y Teran Jorge C. , Mills Colleen , Palkovic Antonia , Parker Travis A. , Pierce Marshall A. , Wadhwani Yasmin , Wong Christopher Y. S. , Gepts Paul , Gilbert Matthew E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPlants differ widely in how soil drying affects stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf water potential (ψleaf), and in the underlying physiological controls. Efforts to breed crops for drought resilience would benefit from a better understanding of these mechanisms and their diversity. We grew 12 diverse genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and four of tepary bean (P. acutifolius; a highly drought resilient species) in the field under irrigation and post‐flowering drought, and quantified responses of gs and ψleaf, and their controls (soil water potential [ψsoil], evaporative demand [Δw] and plant hydraulic conductance [K]). We hypothesised that (i) common beans would be more “isohydric” (i.e., exhibit strong stomatal closure in drought, minimising ψleaf decline) than tepary beans, and that genotypes with larger ψleaf decline (more “anisohydric”) would exhibit (ii) smaller increases in Δw, due to less suppression of evaporative cooling by stomatal closure and hence less canopy warming, but (iii) larger K declines due to ψleaf decline. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found that half of the common bean genotypes were similarly anisohydric to most tepary beans; canopy temperature was cooler in isohydric genotypes leading to smaller increases in Δw in drought; and that stomatal closure and K decline were similar in isohydric and anisohydric genotypes. gs and ψleaf were virtually insensitive to drought in one tepary genotype (G40068). Our results highlight the potential importance of non‐stomatal mechanisms for leaf cooling, and the variability in drought resilience traits among closely related crop legumes.
Composite hemangioendothelioma in a 2‐year‐old girl
Authors: Panizzardi Alejandra Anabel , Torres Natalia , Centeno del Valle María , Vigovich Félix , Besolari Verónica , Larralde Margarita 
Published: September 2024

AbstractComposite hemangioendothelioma (CHE) is a rare locally aggressive vascular neoplasm of intermediate malignancy. We describe a 2‐year‐old patient diagnosed with this tumor. Careful documentation of patients with CHE is crucial to better define the prognosis and treatment of this entity.
The association between depressive trajectories and disability‐free survival among middle‐aged and older adults in China: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ma Tao , Li Yu , Jiang Minglan , Ren Xiao , Han Longyang , Zheng Xiaowei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to examine the association of depressive trajectories with disability‐free‐survival (DFS).MethodsThis prospective cohort study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 2011–2015. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Centre for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale‐10. Disability was assessed using activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs. Trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified and classified by latent mixture modelling. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between depressive trajectories and DFS.ResultsA total of 8373 participants aged 45 years and older were included. We identified four distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms: ‘no depressive symptoms’, ‘decreasing depressive symptoms’, ‘increasing depressive symptoms’, and ‘persistent depressive symptoms’. Compared to participants in the no depressive symptom trajectory, those in the decreasing depressive symptoms, increasing depressive symptoms and persistent depressive symptoms trajectories had an increased risk of disability or mortality, with multiple‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.75 (1.45–2.12), 2.05 (1.77–2.38) and 3.50 (2.77–4.42).ConclusionOur study shows that among middle‐aged and older Chinese adults, individuals with a trajectory of depressive symptoms are at increased risk of disability or mortality. Our findings underscore the importance of early prevention, identification and intervention of depression in clinical care to promote healthy ageing.