bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of drug-induced optic neuropathy cases associated with voriconazole administration for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Sato Ryo , Suzuki Junko , Nakayama Kei , Takeda Keita , Kosai Ibuki , Watanabe Masato , Odashima Kyuto , Narumoto Osamu , Shimada Masahiro , Sasaki Yuka , Morio Yoshiteru , Tamura Atsuhisa , Matsui Hirotoshi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Visual abnormalities are relatively common side effects of voriconazole use, but optic neuropathy is rare and not well recognized. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of patients diagnosed with optic neuropathy during voriconazole treatment.
Methods
We reviewed six patients who developed optic neuropathy during voriconazole treatment at our hospital. Visual acuity and critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) tests were used to diagnose optic neuropathy.
Results
Voriconazole was used to treat chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in all patients. The median time to onset of optic neuropathy was 181 (72–292) days, the dose was 5.87 (5.55–10.36) mg/kg/day, and the trough value was 1.85 (0.59–2.37) µg/ml. One patient was not using any other drugs during voriconazole treatment, but the other five patients used ethambutol concomitantly. The median dose of ethambutol was 13.89 (12.93–15.63) mg/kg/day, which was within the optimal range, and the duration of use was 70 (22–104) months. The participants using ethambutol had been using the drug for a longer period than typically associated with ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy of the lower extremities was observed in four of six cases, coinciding with the appearance of optic neuropathy.
Conclusions
Voriconazole-associated optic neuropathy may be more likely to occur in cases of concomitant ethambutol treatment or peripheral neuropathy. It is important to be aware of possible optic neuropathy during voriconazole treatment and to perform visual acuity examinations for early detection.
The implications of dynamic observation of immunoinflammatory indices in patients with resectable gastric cancer
Authors: Du Yongtao , Chen Xihao , Song Jiawei , Guo Yajie , Liu Shuai , Liu Zhiyu , Li Jipeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Inflammatory immune markers and tumor markers are indicators obtained by laboratory tests and have also been shown to predict the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer, but most of the studies were analyzed by dichotomous classification or by taking cut-off values. In this study, we collected NLR, PLR, LMR, SII, PNI and CEA, AFP, CA125, CA199 from patients preoperatively, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months postoperatively, and analyzed the effect of their trends on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer by latent category.
Results
A total of 93 gastric cancer patients were collected preoperative and postoperative data on inflammatory markers and tumor markers, and the trends of the data at multiple time points were analyzed by latent categories. On univariate analysis, only PNI trend (P < 0.013), surgical resection site (P < 0.034) and TNM stage (P < 0.017) were correlated with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients (P < 0.013). On multifactorial analysis, the trend change of PNI in different groups (P < 0.046) and TNM stage (P < 0.007) were independent risk factors for gastric cancer patients.
Conclusion
Evaluation of PNI at multiple time points has implications for the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.
Co-designing strategies to support children and young people’s mental health in Newham and Northern Devon
Authors: de Lima Ediane Santana , Potter Katie , Preece Cristina , Rehill Nirandeep , Bulmer Sophie , Allen Kate , March Anna , Hobbs Tim , Fonagy Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Rates of poor mental health among children and young people (CYP) are increasing and wellbeing is declining, despite rising investment in treatment services. The argument for greater investments in prevention is well-established, with growing calls to address the social determinants of CYP’s mental health. However, there is a gap between this rhetoric and the knowledge required to design and implement such approaches locally. Methods: This paper outlines the methods and approaches used in two distinct local communities where CYP, community partners, and system leaders collaborate to co-design contextually relevant and prevention-focused solutions to improve CYP’s mental health and wellbeing.
Results and Conclusions: This paper examines the benefits, inherent tensions, and limitations of this approach. Youth-centred co-design approaches have value and potential, but to address the social determinants of mental health, it is crucial to maintain this focus and ensure that those with the power to effect structural and systemic change are integral members of co-design teams.
Patterns of Acute Watery Diarrhea in Fiji: Understanding the Implications for Water and Sanitation Services
Authors: Batikawai Suliasi Mekerusa , Osborne Nicholas J. , Do Phu , Vosataki Toga , Deo Vimal , Reid Simon A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Diarrheal disease, including acute watery diarrhea (AWD), is a persistent global health challenge due to unsafe water and sanitation. Understanding the context-specific epidemiological features of AWD is a crucial first step to inform effective public health intervention. The aim of this study is to identify the prevailing characteristics of reported AWD in Fiji and to explore their relationships with water and sanitation service levels categorisation in the Joint WHO & UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (JMP).
Methods:
Data on all cases of AWD reported syndromically between April 2016 and December 2021 in Fiji's Western and Central administrative Divisions were included in this analysis, along with data on water and sanitation service levels. Statistical analyses were used to determine the demographics of AWD cases, variation in incidences across time, districts and different age groups, relationships between AWD and water and sanitation service level factors, and associated population attributable risk.
Results:
Children under 5 years old (U5) had the highest incidence of AWD throughout the study period, with both age groups showing a seasonal peak from February to April. AWD rates declined during the period when COVID-19 travel restrictions were in place. There was significant variation in AWD notifications across districts and a strong correlation between incidences in the under 5-year and over 5-year-old age groups. Nearly 18% of AWD cases are attributable to unimproved water and sanitation services. Access to safely managed drinking water and sanitation service levels was associated with reduced AWD incidence, while unimproved services posed the highest risks.
Conclusion:
Advancing access to safely managed water and sanitation is essential to mitigate AWD. Investments in water and sanitation infrastructure particularly in underserved and rural areas, are crucial for effective public health interventions aimed at reducing the burden of this disease.
Joint association of systemic immunue-inflammation index and phenotypic age acceleration with chronic respiratory disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhan Yuan , Yang Ruonan , Feng Jie , Bai Genlong , Shi Xiangyun , Zhang Jiaheng , Zhang Jingbo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) represents a series of lung disorders and is posing a global health burden. Systemic inflammation and phenotypic ageing have been respectively reported to associate with certain CRD. However, little is known about the co-exposures and mutual associations of inflammation and ageing with CRD. Here, we aim to systematically elucidate the joint and mutual mediating associations of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) with CRD based on data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Methods
Data for this study was obtained from NHANES 2007–2010 and 2015–2018. The single and combined associations of SII and PhenoAgeAccel with CRD were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models. The dose-response relationship between exposures and outcomes was determined by restricted cubic splines (RCS) regression. Subgroup and mediation analyses were further conducted.
Results
Totally, 15,075 participants were enrolled in this study including 3,587 CRD patients. Compare with controls, CRD patients tended to be older, females and present higher SII and PhenoAgeAccel values. Single-index analysis indicated that either SII or PhenoAgeAccel demonstrated a significantly positive association with CRD via logistic regressions and RCS curves. Furthermore, the joint-indexes analysis revealed that compared to individuals with lower SII and PhenoAgeAccel, those with higher SII and PhenoAgeAccel exhibited remarkably stronger associations with CRD (adjusted OR [aOR], 1.53; 95% CI, 1.28–1.81; P < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aOR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.23–2.03; P < 0.001) and asthma (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.14–1.66; P = 0.002), which were predominant among those aged above 40 years, females and smokers. Eventually, mediation analyses suggested the mutual mediating effects of SII and PhenoAgeAccel on CRD and PhenoAgeAccel mediated SII resulting in CRD more significantly.
Conclusion
This study confirmed the coexposure effect and mutual mediation between SII and PhenoAgeAccel on CRD. We recommend that the joint assessment may conduce to the accurate identification for populations susceptible to CRD and early prevention of chronic respiratory diseases.
Construction and validation of a predictive model for depression in elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients: a multicenter study
Authors: Li Lin , Fang Yiqian , Xu Wenbin , Xiang Yuhe , Qin Yang , Yang Qian , Hu Chaoya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Depression is the most common adverse psychological state among elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Persistent depressive symptoms significantly impair the patients' quality of life and increase their risk of readmission and mortality.
Method
In this study, we selected 871 elderly hemodialysis patients from the blood purification centers of nine tertiary hospitals in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, during the period from November 2023 to February 2024. These patients were categorized into a depression group (538 cases) and a non-depression group (333 cases). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent risk factors and to develop a risk prediction model, which included the construction of a nomogram and subsequent internal validation. Subsequently, from March to April 2024, external validation of the model was performed using 219 elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis from three additional hospitals in Chengdu.
Result
The depression prevalence rate among elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis was found to be 38.2%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that education level, visual impairment, frailty, cognitive impairment, malnutrition, activities of daily living, and social support were independent risk factors for depression (p<0.05). Both internal and external validation of the model demonstrated a receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC）area under the curve (AUC) greater than 0.80, indicating good discriminative ability. Furthermore, calibration plots, the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and clinical decision curves all demonstrated that the model has good calibration and clinical applicability.
Conclusion
In this study, we showed that the prevalence of depression is notably high among elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Risk factors for depression in this population include education level, visual impairment, frailty, cognitive impairment, malnutrition, activities of daily living, and social support. The nomogram prediction model developed based on these risk factors demonstrates good predictive efficacy, offering a valuable reference for healthcare professionals to identify at-risk individuals early in clinical practice.
Solid malignant adenomyoepithelioma in the mammary gland of a male dog – first description
Authors: Viscone Érica Almeida , Wronski Júlia Gabriela , Nunes Maíra Meira , Rocha Marcella Letícia Melo Souza , Cassali Geovanni Dantas , Nakagaki Karen Yumi Ribeiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Canine mammary tumors are well known and described in a high frequency in female dogs, and most of them are malignant. However, in male dogs, a very low rate, and benign occurrence seems to be more common. This is the first case report to describe the histologic and immunophenotypic features of a solid malignant adenomyoepithelioma in the mammary gland of a male dog. A sample was received from an intact male dog, Shih Tzu, 12-years-old, for histopathological evaluation. According to clinical history, the mass was located near the prepuce, non-adherent, evolution time unknown. Histologically, the mammary nodule consisted of a neoplastic proliferation of cells in a solid pattern, supported by a scant fibrovascular stroma. Cells had epithelioid form, moderated cytoplasm, lightly eosinophilic, and variably vacuolization. Nuclei are round to ovoid, with occasional karyomegaly and bizarre nuclei. Moderated pleomorphism; high mitotic count. Interspersed with the proliferation, a moderate amount of myxoid matrix production. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed and revealed neoplastic cells positive for p63 (90%), Pan-CK (10%), and PR (75%); HER-2 less than 10%; COX-2 and ER-negative. The results confirmed the diagnosis of solid malignant adenomyoepithelioma. Despite the low occurrence of MGT in male dogs, further studies with a high number of cases are needed. The role of age, breed, sexual status, and hormonal influences is unknown. Understanding the correlation between histological types, their behavior, and immunohistochemistry markers is crucial.
Emergence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae before and after COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
Authors: Waldeck Frederike , Kramer Tobias Siegfried , Boutin Sebastien , Matten Jens , Kramer Jan , Rupp Jan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Mycoplasma (M.) pneumoniae is a common pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Epidemics occur every 3-7 years especially in pediatric patients. We collected data from a large laboratory network in Germany to define the epidemiological dynamics in the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic period.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study we included all patients that obtained targeted or multiplex PCR for M. pneumoniae from nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum or bronchoalveolar fluids from 2015 - 2024. Demographic data (age, sex, place of residence, in- or outpatient status) were compared between M. pneumoniae positive and negative patients and co-infections with bacterial or viral pathogens analyzed.
Results: We screened 38.204 patients for M. pneumoniae. 1448 cases (3.8 %) of M. pneumoniae were identified (48.8% females). Pediatric patients ≤18 years represented 75.7% of M. pneumoniae patients and 2.3% were ≥60 years. Incidence of M. pneumoniae increased in fourth quartile 2015 (16.2%), second quartile 2018 (14.8%) and fourth quartile 2023 (13.4%). No cases were detected during COVID-19 pandemic 2021. Young age, outpatient status and year of testing were predictors of M. pneumoniae detection in multivariate analysis (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Empirical treatment of CAP patients often does not include coverage of M. pneumoniae. A more thorough implementation of available surveillance data into clinical routine, respective therapies could be adapted more quickly during epidemic outbreaks of M. pneumoniae infections.
Contemporary use of fibrinolytics in the management of pediatric empyema
Authors: Casamassima Maria Grazia Sacco , Noel-MacDonnell Janelle R. , Oyetunji Tolulope A , Peter Shawn D. St. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: This study seeks to investigate the contemporary use and effectiveness of fibrinolysis as a first-line option in pediatric empyema.
Methods: The Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) was queried to identify patients with empyema without fistula (2018-2023). First-line treatments were chest drainage (CD), chest drainage with fibrinolysis (CDF), and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery/open decortication (VATS/OD). Outcomes between groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests. Multivariate generalized linear model was used to account for covariates.
Results: 581 individuals/cases met inclusion criteria. CD accounted for 11.9% of cases, CDF for 67.6%, and VATS/OD for 20.7%. After adjusting for covariates differences in LOS were not significant (p=0.393). Subsequent VATS/ODs were required in 6.9% of CDF cases, 8.9% of CD, and 3.3% of primary VATS/OD. Additionally, 32.5% of primary VATS/OD received adjuvant fibrinolysis. Complications were more often observed in the VATS/OD group compared to CD and CDF (11.7% vs 5.8% and 4.1% respectively; p= .008). There were no differences in 30-day readmission rate (VATS/OD:1.2%, CTD:1.5%, and CTDF:1%; p=0.83).
Conclusion: Fibrinolysis is now utilized as first-line treatment for most patients and as adjunct in other approaches. The findings justify further implementation as it is the less invasive first-line primary therapy in patients with empyema.
Single-arm Multicenter Phase II Study on Aggressive Local Consolidative Therapy in Combination With Systemic Chemotherapy for Stage IV Non- small Cell Lung Carcinoma With Oligometastases: CURE-OLIGO (TORG1529)
Authors: Tokito Takaaki , Yamada Kazuhiko , Ishii Hidenobu , Takiguchi Yuichi , Saito Go , Minato Koichi , Imai Hisao , Tanaka Hiroshi , Miura Satoru , Watanabe Kageaki , Koreeda Yoshifusa , Ono Akira , Furuya Naoki , Misumi Toshihiro , Hayakawa Kazushige , Ogo Etsuyo , Okamoto Hiroaki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Stage IV non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with oligometastases is potentially curable by radical treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for thoracic disease, including the primary lesion and lymph node metastases, combined with local consolidative therapy (LCT) for oligometastases. Methods: This was a multicenter Phase II trial for patients with Stage IV NSCLC with oligometastases for whom CRT for thoracic disease was feasible. The treatment procedures included CRT containing platinum-doublet for thoracic disease and LCT for oligometastases within 8 weeks of starting or completing CRT. The primary endpoint was the 2-year survival rate. Results: We enrolled 19 patients between June 2016 and May 2020. The median age was 68 (range: 51–74) years. Twelve patients had adenocarcinoma, and 6 had squamous cell carcinoma. The metastasis sites included the brain, bone, adrenal gland, lung, and cervical lymph node (n = 9, 7, 2, 1, and 1, respectively). All patients completed CRT concurrently with LCT for all oligometastases. There were 11 partial responses, resulting in a response rate of 58% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.5–79.7%). Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 8.6 (95% CI: 7.0–10.2) and 42.1 (80% CI: 13.6–not reached) months, respectively. The 2-year survival rate was 68.4% (80% CI: 52.6–79.9%). Fourteen patients (74%) showed progression with newly observed lesions. There were no severe adverse events, and toxicities were tolerable. Conclusion: Chemotherapy in combination with aggressive LCT for NSCLC with oligometastases might extend survival and achieve local control. Clinical trial registration: University Hospital Medical Information Network, Japan (protocol identification number: UMIN000022431, first registration date: 01/JUN/2016)
Novel Geological Framework to Understand the Origin and Diversity of Orthopyroxene, Olivine, Spinel (OOS) Lithologies on the Moon
Authors: Sodha Garima , Dhingra Deepak 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

A novel geological framework is presented to address the origin of Orthopyroxene, Olivine, Spinel (OOS) lithologies on the Moon, an emerging component of the lunar crust. The new framework can explain multiple observations including the rare occurrence of OOS lithologies in close proximity, lack of mafic mineral association with Mg-spinel lithology (both from remote sensing observations) and contrasting observation of mafic mineral association with Mg-spinel in retuned lunar samples. We further report new OOS exposures at Thomson crater and present the first remote-sensing-based evidence of mafic mixing with Mg-spinel lithology. Collectively, the new framework and observations provide a testable set of geological scenarios to understand the origin and diversity of the OOS lithologies and their role in lunar crustal diversity. Future missions would directly benefit from this knowledge towards collecting the best OOS lithology samples, currently absent from the returned lunar sample collection.
Unet based Xception Model Approach for Facial Emotion Recognition
Authors: Majumder Surya , Bhattacharya Adrija 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Facial emotion recognition is an important topic of study in artificial intelligence and computer vision. In this paper, we propose an automated system for facial emotion identification that uses a novel model architecture based on Xception backbone, with a U-Net based attention mechanism along with a dynamically changing parameterized tan function. MobileNet is widely used deep learning model known for its Depthwise-seperable convoloution. Our study seeks to present a novel model architecture that leverages the capabilities of Xception long with a U-Net based attention mechanism for global attention and a dynamically modified re-parameterized tangent function for local attention. The unsupervised segmentation done by the U-Net block and the attention generated by the said tangent function inside the Xception model is used as attention weights, thereby bringing new insights and advantages for improved facial emotion identification. This research looks at the importance of face expression recognition, which is important in human-computer interaction, affective computing, and a variety of applications in healthcare, entertainment, and security. Because of the intrinsic complexity and diversity of human face emotions, we needed to come up with creative solutions, which led us to this novel model approach. The proposed model is the fundamental contribution of this work, boosting its expressiveness for greater adaptability. Our technique effectively leverages different information by merging layer outputs and using novel attention mechanisms, resulting in higher facial emotion identification accuracy. The combination of complimentary data from diverse sources improves the system's accuracy and robustness. Experimental evaluations utilizing the Cohn-Kanade (CK+) dataset underscore the method's advantages, including improved accuracy and performance.