bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial predation in a marine host-associated microbiome
Authors: Welsh Rory M , Zaneveld Jesse R , Rosales Stephanie M , Payet Jérôme P , Burkepile Deron E , Thurber Rebecca Vega 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In many ecological communities, predation has a key role in regulating community structure or function. Although predation has been extensively explored in animals and microbial eukaryotes, predation by bacteria is less well understood. Here we show that predatory bacteria of the genus Halobacteriovorax are prevalent and active predators on the surface of several genera of reef-building corals. Across a library of 198 16S rRNA samples spanning three coral genera, 79% were positive for carriage of Halobacteriovorax. Cultured Halobacteriovorax from Porites asteroides corals tested positive for predation on the putative coral pathogens Vibrio corallyticus and Vibrio harveyii. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that Halobacteriovorax’s interactions with other bacteria are influenced by temperature and inorganic nutrient concentration, and further suggested that this bacterial predator’s abundance may be driven by prey availability. Thus, animal microbiomes can harbor active bacterial predators, which may regulate microbiome structure and protect the host by consuming potential pathogens.
A monotopic aluminum telluride with an Al=Te double bond stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Franz Daniel , Szilvási Tibor , Irran Elisabeth , Inoue Shigeyoshi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAluminum chalcogenides are mostly encountered in the form of bulk aluminum oxides that are structurally diverse but typically consist of networks with high lattice energy in which the chalcogen atoms bridge the metal centres. This makes their molecular congeners difficult to synthesize because of a pronounced tendency for oligomerization. Here we describe the isolation of the monotopic aluminum chalcogenide (LDipN)AlTe(LEt)2 (LDip=1,3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-imine, LEt=1,3-diethyl-4,5-dimethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene). Unique features of (LDipN)AlTe(LEt)2 are the terminal position of the tellurium atom, the shortest aluminum–tellurium distance hitherto reported for a molecular complex and the highest bond order reported for an interaction between these elements, to the best of our knowledge. At elevated temperature (LDipN)AlTe(LEt)2 equilibrates with dimeric {(LDipN)AlTe(LEt)}2 in which the chalcogen atoms assume their common role as bridges between the metal centres. These findings demonstrate that (LDipN)AlTe(LEt)2 comprises the elusive Al=Te double bond in the form of an N-heterocyclic carbene-stabilized species.
Switching operation and degradation of resistive random access memory composed of tungsten oxide and copper investigated using in-situ TEM
Authors: Arita Masashi , Takahashi Akihito , Ohno Yuuki , Nakane Akitoshi , Tsurumaki-Fukuchi Atsushi , Takahashi Yasuo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn-situ transmission electron microscopy (in-situ TEM) was performed to investigate the switching operation of a resistive random access memory (ReRAM) made of copper, tungsten oxide and titanium nitride (Cu/WOx/TiN). In the first Set (Forming) operation to initialize the device, precipitation appeared inside the WOx layer. It was presumed that a Cu conducting filament was formed, lowering the resistance (on-state). The Reset operation induced a higher resistance (the off-state). No change in the microstructure was identified in the TEM images. Only when an additional Reset current was applied after switching to the off-state could erasure of the filament be seen (over-Reset). Therefore, it was concluded that structural change relating to the resistance switch was localized in a very small area around the filament. With repeated switching operations and increasing operational current, the WOx/electrode interfaces became indistinct. At the same time, the resistance of the off-state gradually decreased. This is thought to be caused by Cu condensation at the interfaces because of leakage current through the area other than through the filament. This will lead to device degradation through mechanisms such as endurance failure. This is the first accelerated aging test of ReRAM achieved using in-situ TEM.
Sequential Single Shot X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy at the SACLA Free Electron Laser
Authors: Lehmkühler Felix , Kwaśniewski Paweł , Roseker Wojciech , Fischer Birgit , Schroer Martin A. , Tono Kensuke , Katayama Tetsuo , Sprung Michael , Sikorski Marcin , Song Sanghoon , Glownia James , Chollet Matthieu , Nelson Silke , Robert Aymeric , Gutt Christian , Yabashi Makina , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Grübel Gerhard 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHard X-ray free electron lasers allow for the first time to access dynamics of condensed matter samples ranging from femtoseconds to several hundred seconds. In particular, the exceptional large transverse coherence of the X-ray pulses and the high time-averaged flux promises to reach time and length scales that have not been accessible up to now with storage ring based sources. However, due to the fluctuations originating from the stochastic nature of the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) process the application of well established techniques such as X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is challenging. Here we demonstrate a single-shot based sequential XPCS study on a colloidal suspension with a relaxation time comparable to the SACLA free-electron laser pulse repetition rate. High quality correlation functions could be extracted without any indications for sample damage. This opens the way for systematic sequential XPCS experiments at FEL sources.
Semi-reciprocal polarization maintaining fibre coupler with distinctive transmission characteristics
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Thomas Freya , Wang Ziyu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOptical couplers are very important devices in optical communication systems and optical sensor systems. Several types of optical couplers with different materials or different transmission characteristics have been reported. Here we propose a semi-reciprocal polarization maintaining fibre coupler with unique transmission characteristics, which is distinct from conventional polarization maintaining fibre couplers and polarization beam splitters and investigate the characteristics of the coupler theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results show that for circularly and elliptically polarized input light, the proposed coupler will act both as an in-line polariser and a conventional polarization maintaining fibre coupler. The output polarization extinction ratio of the transmission arm is 31.79 dB at a centre wavelength of 841 nm. For linearly polarized input light, the coupler will merely act as a conventional 3 dB polarization maintaining fibre coupler. The unique features of the proposed coupler enables the removal of polarisers from optical sensor systems and coherent optical communication systems and reduces the insertion loss and production cost of the optical path. Therefore there is wide application for this device in optical sensor systems and optical communication systems.
Extreme events in multilayer, interdependent complex networks and control
Authors: Chen Yu-Zhong , Huang Zi-Gang , Zhang Hai-Feng , Eisenberg Daniel , Seager Thomas P. , Lai Ying-Cheng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe investigate the emergence of extreme events in interdependent networks. We introduce an inter-layer traffic resource competing mechanism to account for the limited capacity associated with distinct network layers. A striking finding is that, when the number of network layers and/or the overlap among the layers are increased, extreme events can emerge in a cascading manner on a global scale. Asymptotically, there are two stable absorption states: a state free of extreme events and a state of full of extreme events and the transition between them is abrupt. Our results indicate that internal interactions in the multiplex system can yield qualitatively distinct phenomena associated with extreme events that do not occur for independent network layers. An implication is that, e.g., public resource competitions among different service providers can lead to a higher resource requirement than naively expected. We derive an analytical theory to understand the emergence of global-scale extreme events based on the concept of effective betweenness. We also articulate a cost-effective control scheme through increasing the capacity of very few hubs to suppress the cascading process of extreme events so as to protect the entire multi-layer infrastructure against global-scale breakdown.
Control and Manipulation of Nano Cracks Mimicking Optical Wave
Authors: Suh Young D. , Yeo Junyeob , Lee Habeom , Hong Sukjoon , Kwon Jinhyeong , Kim Kyunkyu , Ko Seung Hwan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGenerally, a fracture is considered as an uncontrollable thus useless phenomenon due to its highly random nature. The aim of this study is to investigate highly ordered cracks such as oscillatory cracks and to manipulate via elaborate control of mechanical properties of the cracking medium including thickness, geometry and elastic mismatch. Specific thin film with micro-sized notches was fabricated on a silicon based substrate in order to controllably generate self-propagating cracks in large area. Interestingly, various nano-cracks behaved similar to optical wave including refraction, total internal reflection and evanescent wave. This novel phenomena of controlled cracking was used to fabricate sophisticated nano/micro patterns in large area which cannot be obtained even with conventional nanofabrication methods. We also have showed that the cracks are directly implementable into a nano/micro-channel application since the cracks naturally have a form of channel-like shape.
Probing protein interactions in living mammalian cells on a microtubule bench
Authors: Boca Mirela , Kretov Dmitry A. , Desforges Bénédicte , Mephon-Gaspard Alix , Curmi Patrick A. , Pastré David 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMicrotubules are μm-long cylinders of about 25 nm in diameter which are present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Here, we have developed a new method which uses these cylindrical structures as platforms to detect protein interactions in cells. The principle is simple: a protein of interest used as bait is brought to microtubules by fusing it to Tau, a microtubule-associated protein. The presence of a protein prey on microtubules then reveals an interaction between bait and prey. This method requires only a conventional optical microscope and straightforward fluorescence image analysis for detection and quantification of protein interactions. To test the reliability of this detection scheme, we used it to probe the interactions among three mRNA-binding proteins in both fixed and living cells and compared the results to those obtained by pull-down assays. We also tested whether the molecular interactions of Cx43, a membrane protein, can be investigated with this system. Altogether, the results indicate that microtubules can be used as platforms to detect protein interactions in mammalian cells, which should provide a basis for investigating pathogenic protein interactions involved in human diseases.
Therapeutic window of globular adiponectin against cerebral ischemia in diabetic mice: the role of dynamic alteration of adiponectin/adiponectin receptor expression
Authors: Song Wenying , Guo Fan , Zhong Haixing , Liu Lixin , Yang Rui , Wang Qiang , Xiong Lize 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that adiponectin (APN) attenuates cerebral ischemic/reperfusion via globular adiponectin (gAD). However, the therapeutic role of gAD in cerebral ischemic injury in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remains unclear. Our results showed that gAD improved neurological scores and reduced the infarct volumes in the 8-week T1DM (T1DM-8W) mice, but not in the 2-week T1DM (T1DM-2W) mice. Moreover, the ischemic penumbra APN levels increased and peaked in T1DM-2W mice and reduced to normal in T1DM-8W mice, while the APN receptor 1 (AdipoR1) expression change was the opposite. Administration of rosiglitazone in T1DM-2W mice up-regulated the expression of AdipoR1 and restored the neuroprotection of gAD, while intracerebroventricular injection of AdipoR1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) in T1DM-8W mice reversed it. Furthermore, the expression of p-PERK, p-IRE1 and GRP78 were increased whereas the expressions of CHOP and cleaved caspase-12 as well as the number of apoptotic neurons were decreased after gAD treatment in T1DM-8W mice. These beneficial effects of gAD were reversed by pretreatment with AdipoR1 siRNA. These results demonstrated a dynamic dysfunction of APN/AdipoR1 accompanying T1DM progression. Interventions bolstering AdipoR1 expression during early stages and gAD supplementation during advanced stages may potentially reduce the cerebral ischemic injury in diabetic patients.
In Vivo Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging of Subcortical Brain Function
Authors: Tang Qinggong , Tsytsarev Vassiliy , Liang Chia-Pin , Akkentli Fatih , Erzurumlu Reha S. , Chen Yu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe whisker system of rodents is an excellent model to study peripherally evoked neural activity in the brain. Discrete neural modules represent each whisker in the somatosensory cortex (“barrels”), thalamus (“barreloids”) and brain stem (“barrelettes”). Stimulation of a single whisker evokes neural activity sequentially in its corresponding barrelette, barreloid and barrel. Conventional optical imaging of functional activation in the brain is limited to surface structures such as the cerebral cortex. To access subcortical structures and image sensory-evoked neural activity, we designed a needle-based optical system using gradient-index (GRIN) rod lens. We performed voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDi) with GRIN rod lens to visualize neural activity evoked in the thalamic barreloids by deflection of whiskers in vivo. We stimulated several whiskers together to determine the sensitivity of our approach in differentiating between different barreloid responses. We also carried out stimulation of different whiskers at different times. Finally, we used muscimol in the barrel cortex to silence the corticothalamic inputs while imaging in the thalamus. Our results show that it is possible to obtain functional maps of the sensory periphery in deep brain structures such as the thalamic barreloids. Our approach can be broadly applicable to functional imaging of other core brain structures.
Noise-assisted energy transport in electrical oscillator networks with off-diagonal dynamical disorder
Authors: León-Montiel Roberto de J. , Quiroz-Juárez Mario A. , Quintero-Torres Rafael , Domínguez-Juárez Jorge L. , Moya-Cessa Héctor M. , Torres Juan P. , Aragón José L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNoise is generally thought as detrimental for energy transport in coupled oscillator networks. However, it has been shown that for certain coherently evolving systems, the presence of noise can enhance, somehow unexpectedly, their transport efficiency; a phenomenon called environment-assisted quantum transport (ENAQT) or dephasing-assisted transport. Here, we report on the experimental observation of such effect in a network of coupled electrical oscillators. We demonstrate that by introducing stochastic fluctuations in one of the couplings of the network, a relative enhancement in the energy transport efficiency of 22.5 ± 3.6% can be observed.
Impaired ATP6V0A2 expression contributes to Golgi dispersion and glycosylation changes in senescent cells
Authors: Udono Miyako , Fujii Kaoru , Harada Gakuro , Tsuzuki Yumi , Kadooka Keishi , Zhang Pingbo , Fujii Hiroshi , Amano Maho , Nishimura Shin-Ichiro , Tashiro Kosuke , Kuhara Satoru , Katakura Yoshinori 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMany genes and signaling pathways have been found to be involved in cellular senescence program. In the present study, we have identified 16 senescence-associated genes by differential proteomic analysis of the normal human diploid fibroblast cell line, TIG-1 and focused on ATP6V0A2. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of ATP6V0A2, the causal gene for ARCL2, a syndrome of abnormal glycosylation and impaired Golgi trafficking, in cellular senescence program. Here we showed that ATP6V0A2 is critical for cellular senescence; impaired expression of ATP6V0A2 disperses the Golgi structure and triggers senescence, suggesting that ATP6V0A2 mediates these processes. FITC-lectin staining and glycoblotting revealed significantly different glycosylation structures in presenescent (young) and senescent (old) TIG-1 cells; reducing ATP6V0A2 expression in young TIG-1 cells yielded structures similar to those in old TIG-1 cells. Our results suggest that senescence-associated impaired expression of ATP6V0A2 triggers changes in Golgi structure and glycosylation in old TIG-1 cells, which demonstrates a role of ATP6V0A2 in cellular senescence program.
Constraints on natural global atmospheric CO2 fluxes from 1860 to 2010 using a simplified explicit forward model
Authors: Hellevang Helge , Aagaard Per 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLand-use changes until the beginning of the 20th century made the terrestrial biosphere a net source of atmospheric carbon. Later, burning of fossil fuel surpassed land use changes as the major anthropogenic source of carbon. The terrestrial biosphere is at present suggested to be a carbon sink, but the distribution of excess anthropogenic carbon to the ocean and biosphere sinks is highly uncertain. Our modeling suggest that land-use changes can be tracked quite well by the carbon isotopes until mid-20th century, whereas burning of fossil fuel dominates the present-day observed changes in the isotope signature. The modeling indicates that the global carbon isotope fractionation has not changed significantly during the last 150 years. Furthermore, increased uptake of carbon by the ocean and increasing temperatures does not yet appear to have resulted in increasing the global gross ocean-to-atmosphere carbon fluxes. This may however change in the future when the excess carbon will emerge in the ocean upwelling zones, possibly reducing the net-uptake of carbon compared to the present-day ocean.
High field superconducting properties of Ba(Fe1−xCox)2As2 thin films
Authors: Hänisch Jens , Iida Kazumasa , Kurth Fritz , Reich Elke , Tarantini Chiara , Jaroszynski Jan , Förster Tobias , Fuchs Günther , Hühne Ruben , Grinenko Vadim , Schultz Ludwig , Holzapfel Bernhard 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn general, the critical current density,Jc, of type II superconductors and its anisotropy with respect to magnetic field orientation is determined by intrinsic and extrinsic properties. The Fe-based superconductors of the ‘122’ family with their moderate electronic anisotropies and high yet accessible critical fields (Hc2andHirr) are a good model system to study this interplay. In this paper, we explore the vortex matter of optimally Co-doped BaFe2As2thin films with extended planar andc-axis correlated defects. The temperature and angular dependence of the upper critical field is well explained by a two-band model in the clean limit. The dirty band scenario, however, cannot be ruled out completely. Above the irreversibility field, the flux motion is thermally activated, where the activation energyU0is going to zero at the extrapolated zero-kelvinHirrvalue. The anisotropy of the critical current densityJcis both influenced by theHc2anisotropy (and therefore by multi-band effects) as well as the extended planar and columnar defects present in the sample.
Efficacy of Concurrent Chemotherapy for Intermediate Risk NPC in the Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Era: a Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhang Yuan , Li Wen-Fei , Liu Xu , Guo Rui , Sun Ying , Lin Ai-Hua , Chen Lei , Ma Jun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study is to evaluate the efficacy of additional concurrent chemotherapy for intermediate risk (stage II and T3N0M0) NPC patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).440 patients with intermediate risk NPC were studied retrospectively, including 128 patients treated with IMRT alone [radiotherapy group (RT group)] and 312 paitents treated with IMRT plus concurrent chemotherapy [chemoradiotherapy group (CRT group)]. Propensity score matching was carried out to create RT and CRT cohorts equally matched for host and tumor factor. Significantly more severe acute toxicities were observed in the CRT group than in the RT group. Multivariate analyses of 440 patients failed to demonstrate concurrent chemotherapy as an independent prognostic factor for FFS, LR-FFS and D-FFS. Between the well-matched RT cohort and the CRT cohort, no significant difference was demonstrated in all survival endpoints (FFS: 92.8% versus 91.2%, P = 0.801; LR-FFS: 95.2% versus 94.4%, P = 0.755; D-FFS: 96.4% versus 96.3%, P = 0.803; OS: 98.2% versus 98.9%, P = 0.276). Our results demonstrated that for patients with intermediate risk NPC treated with IMRT, additional concurrent chemotherapy did not provide any significant survival benefit but significantly more severe acute toxicities. However, prospective randomized trials are warranted for the ultimate confirm of our findings.
A Label-Free Photoluminescence Genosensor Using Nanostructured Magnesium Oxide for Cholera Detection
Authors: Patel Manoj Kumar , Ali Md. Azahar , Krishnan Sadagopan , Agrawal Ved Varun , Al Kheraif AbdulAziz A. , Fouad H. , Ansari Z.A. , Ansari S. G. , Malhotra Bansi D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNanomaterial-based photoluminescence (PL) diagnostic devices offer fast and highly sensitive detection of pesticides, DNA and toxic agents. Here we report a label-free PL genosensor for sensitive detection of Vibrio cholerae that is based on a DNA hybridization strategy utilizing nanostructured magnesium oxide (nMgO; size >30 nm) particles. The morphology and size of the synthesized nMgO were determined by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) studies. The probe DNA (pDNA) was conjugated with nMgO and characterized by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques. The target complementary genomic DNA (cDNA) isolated from clinical samples of V. cholerae was subjected to DNA hybridization studies using the pDNA-nMgO complex and detection of the cDNA was accomplished by measuring changes in PL intensity. The PL peak intensity measured at 700 nm (red emission) increases with the increase in cDNA concentration. A linear range of response in the developed PL genosensor was observed from 100 to 500 ng/μL with a sensitivity of 1.306 emi/ng, detection limit of 3.133 ng/μL and a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.987. These results show that this ultrasensitive PL genosensor has the potential for applications in the clinical diagnosis of cholera.