bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Inertial Measurement Units to Assess Vehicle Ingress and Egress Characteristics
Authors: Schall Mark , Huangfu Rong , Gallagher Sean , Davis Jerry , Sesek Richard , Escobar Claudia 
Published: September 2016

The increasing number of elderly and overweight drivers in the United States has necessitated that vehicle manufacturers develop automobiles that accommodate these changing demographics. While digital human models have been successfully used to simulate human vehicle interaction (Chaffin, 2005; Ozsoy et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2007), the variability in ingress and egress procedures among drivers with different physical attributes poses a unique challenge to developing accurate models. The objective of this study was to apply inertial measurement units (IMUs) to compare ingress and egress characteristics of individuals of varying age and body type. Ninety-three participants, comprising a control group (aged 21–<65 years with body mass index [BMI] <30 kg/m2), a high-BMI group (aged 21–<65 years with BMI ≥30 kg/m2), and an elderly group (aged ≥65 years), performed ingress and egress trials in three vehicles (compact, sedan, and sport utility vehicle [SUV]) while wearing a wireless IMU system (Xsens MVN BIOMECH Awinda system, Xsens Technologies BV, Enschede, Netherlands). Native protocols of the IMU system were used to estimate the joint centers and motion paths of several bilateral body joints including the ankle, knee, hip, wrist, elbow, and shoulder. The transition of each joint center across the edge of the seating area at the door sill as the subject got into and out of the vehicles was measured. The start of the ingress process was defined as the time when the first joint center passed through the door sill into the driver’s seating area. The end of ingress was considered to be the time when the final joint passed back through the edge of the seating area. Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) examining the effects of population (control vs. elderly vs. high-BMI), gender, vehicle model, and their interactions on ingress and egress times were conducted. In general, the right ankle was the first body segment to enter each of the three vehicles followed by the right knee, right hip, right shoulder, left hip, left shoulder, left knee and the left ankle regardless of population group. Ingress time was observed to be affected by population (F2, 28 = 17.97, p < 0.001), and was characterized by a much slower ingress time among the elderly (mean = 4.33 secs), compared with controls (2.97 secs) and high-BMI participants (2.71 secs). Egress was also observed to be affected by population (F2, 28 = 8.85, p < 0.001), but in a slightly different manner. The control group (mean = 2.95 secs) was the fastest to egress the car, followed by the high-BMI group (4.42 secs) and the elderly (5.26 secs). The results indicate that IMUs may be successfully applied to characterize ingress and egress motion paths of different population groups and may be useful when designing seated applications, particularly for elderly and high-BMI populations.
The role of endovascular treatment in unruptured basilar tip aneurysms
Authors: Ge Huijian , Lv Xianli , Jin Hengwei , Tian Zhihua , Li Youxiang , He Hongwei 
Published: September 2016

Objective This study was to evaluate the safety and efficiency of endovascular treatment of unruptured basilar tip aneurysms. Methods We retrospectively reviewed consecutive 79 cases of unruptured basilar tip aneurysms in our center between 2009 and 2014. The patients’ clinical and imaging information were recorded. Complications, initial occlusion rate, clinical outcomes and the predictors were retrospectively analyzed. Results Thirty-five cases received conservative treatment and 44 cases were treated by endovascular embolization. In the conservative treatment group, six (19.4%) of 31 basilar tip aneurysms ruptured and resulted in five deaths (16.1%) during the mean 18.1-month follow-up (range from 1 to 60 months). Among the endovascularly treated cases, 24 (54.5%) achieved initial complete occlusion and no delayed hemorrhagic events occurred during the mean 33.6-month follow-up (range from 10 to 68 months). For 20 (45.5%) incompletely occluded cases, five postoperative or delayed hemorrhagic events and two mass effect events resulted in six deaths. There were no statistical significant differences in hemorrhagic events ( p = 0.732) and mortality ( p = 0.502) between the incomplete occlusion group and untreated group. Large aneurysm size (≥10 mm) was an independent predictor for incomplete occlusion ( p = 0.002), which had a potential risk of postoperative or delayed hemorrhage. On univariate analysis, initial occlusion rate and aneurysm size were found to be associated with clinical outcomes ( p = 0.042 and 0.015). Conclusion Complete occlusion for unruptured basilar tip aneurysm proved to be a safe and effective therapeutic method that could eliminate the potential risk of postoperative or delayed hemorrhage.
Complete genome sequence of Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus strain AHT2T, a haloalkaliphilic sulfidogen from Egyptian hypersaline alkaline lakes
Authors: Melton Emily Denise , Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Overmars Lex , Chertkov Olga , Clum Alicia , Pillay Manoj , Ivanova Natalia , Shapiro Nicole , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Woyke Tanja , Lapidus Alla L. , Muyzer Gerard 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDesulfurivibrio alkaliphilus strain AHT2T is a strictly anaerobic sulfidogenic haloalkaliphile isolated from a composite sediment sample of eight hypersaline alkaline lakes in the Wadi al Natrun valley in the Egyptian Libyan Desert. D. alkaliphilus AHT2T is Gram-negative and belongs to the family Desulfobulbaceae within the Deltaproteobacteria. Here we report its genome sequence, which contains a 3.10 Mbp chromosome. D. alkaliphilus AHT2T is adapted to survive under highly alkaline and moderately saline conditions and therefore, is relevant to the biotechnology industry and life under extreme conditions. For these reasons, D. alkaliphilus AHT2T was sequenced by the DOE Joint Genome Institute as part of the Community Science Program.
ADAP plays a pivotal role in CD4+ T cell activation but is only marginally involved in CD8+ T cell activation, differentiation, and immunity to pathogens
Authors: Parzmair Gerald P , Gereke Marcus , Haberkorn Oxana , Annemann Michaela , Podlasly Lisa , Kliche Stefanie , Reinhold Annegret , Schraven Burkhart , Bruder Dunja 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe adhesion and degranulation promoting adaptor protein (ADAP) is a multifunctional scaffold involved in many different signaling pathways that are important for the function of T cells, including the inside-out and outside-in signaling of integrins, the activation of NF-κB, and the subsequent production of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ and IL-2). Strikingly, despite its well-established role in T cells, previous studies did not distinguish between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and thus, it is unknown whether ADAP fulfills equally important functions in both T cell subsets. We show here that despite comparable ADAP expression levels in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, their function is differentially dependent on ADAP. Whereas in vitro TCR-stimulation experiments revealed that activation, proliferation, and adhesion are severely compromised in CD4+ T cells lacking ADAP, their CD8+ counterparts are hardly affected by ADAP deficiency. Accordingly, antigen-specific in vivo stimulation of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells during Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) and influenza A virus (IAV) infection revealed only moderate effects of ADAP deficiency in terms of CD8+ T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, which, however, did not impair pathogen-specific immunity. Thus, we show for the first time that ADAP fulfills different functions in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, with CD8+ T cells being less dependent on ADAP. Our data identify ADAP as a potential molecular target for T cell subset-specific therapeutic interventions.
Microbiota—myeloid cell crosstalk beyond the gut
Authors: Gorjifard Sayeh , Goldszmid Romina S 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic microbial ecosystem that plays a fundamental role in host physiology. Locally, the gut commensal microbes/host symbiotic relationship is vital for barrier fortification, nutrient absorption, resistance against intestinal pathogens, and the development and maintenance of the mucosal immune system. It is now clear that the effects of the indigenous intestinal flora extend beyond the gut, ranging from shaping systemic immune responses to metabolic and behavioral functions. However, the underlying mechanisms of the gut microbiota/systemic immune system interactions remain largely unknown. Myeloid cells respond to microbial signals, including those derived from commensals, and initiate innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review, we focus on the impact of the gut microbiota on myeloid cells at extraintestinal sites. In particular, we discuss how commensal-derived signals affect steady-state myelopoiesis and cellular function and how that influences the response to infection and cancer therapy.
Magnetotelluric monitoring of coal seam gas depressurization
Authors: Rees Nigel , Heinson Graham , Krieger Lars 
Published: September 2016

The depressurization of coal seam gas formations causes in situ fluids to migrate through pores and fractures in the earth. The removal or discharge of large volumes of water from coal measures reduces in situ fluid pressure allowing natural gas to be released from the coal matrix. This process results in a time-dependent resistivity variation in the subsurface. Increasing the connectivity of in situ fluids may lead to a reduction in resistivity of the targeted lithologies. A correct assessment of such resistivity variations is of significant interest not only for the industry to optimize production and extraction well locations but also for the regulatory bodies, in which a desire for a reliable method for monitoring changes in subsurface fluid distribution allows sound risk assessment of potential environmental hazards. From an industrial field study conducted in Queensland, Australia, we have found that the magnetotelluric (MT) method in the bandwidth of 100 Hz to 100 s could be used to monitor changes in the bulk resistivity of depressurized lithologies. Results from our study indicate the orientation of fluid flow resulting from depressurization, which can be mapped and directly attributed to spatial and temporal variations in permeability. The MT method is introduced as a low-cost, low-impact technology that can be used for short- and long-term environmental monitoring.
An annotation of cuts, depicted locations, and temporal progression in the motion picture "Forrest Gump"
Authors: Häusler Christian O. , Hanke Michael 
Published: September 2016

Here we present an annotation of locations and temporal progression depicted in the movie “Forrest Gump”, as an addition to a large public functional brain imaging dataset (http://studyforrest.org). The annotation provides information about the exact timing of each of the 870 shots, and the depicted location after every cut with a high, medium, and low level of abstraction. Additionally, four classes are used to distinguish the differences of the depicted time between shots. Each shot is also annotated regarding the type of location (interior/exterior) and time of day. This annotation enables further studies of visual perception, memory of locations, and the perception of time under conditions of real-life complexity using the studyforrest dataset.
Modelling the coverage and annual variation in bilberry yield in Finland
Authors: Turtiainen Marjut , Miina Jari , Salo Kauko , Hotanen Juha-Pekka 
Published: September 2016

The coverage of bilberry (L.) was modelled as a function of site and stand characteristics using the permanent sample plots of the National Forest Inventory (NFI) (ModelÂ 1). The sample sites consisted of mineral soil forests as well as fells and peatland sites. Annual variation in the bilberry yield (Model 2) was analysed based on measurements over 2001â2014 in the permanent sample plots (so-called MASI plots) in various areas of Finland. We derived annual bilberry yield indices from the year effects of Model 2 and investigated whether these indices could be used to estimate annual variation in bilberry crops in Finland. The highest bilberry coverage was found in mesic heath forests and fell forests. On peatlands the coverage was, on average, lower than on mineral soil sites; the peatland sites with most bilberry coverage were meso-oligotrophic and oligotrophic spruce mires and oligotrophic pine mires. Our bilberry yield indices showed similar variation to those derived from the mean annual berry yields reported and calculated earlier using the MASI plots; the correlation between the indices was 0.795. This approach to calculating annual berry yield indices is a promising way for estimating total annual bilberry yields over a given period of time. Models 1 and 2 can be used in conjunction with the Miina et al.âs (2009) bilberry yield model when bilberry coverage, average annual yield and annual variation in the yield are to be predicted in forest planning.Vaccinium myrtillus
Variability of yield and forage quality between three heading groups of english ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) during the first growth / Variabilität von Ertrag und Futterqualität zwischen drei Reifegruppen von Englischem Raygras (Lolium perenne L.) im Verlauf des ersten Aufwuchses
Authors: Poetsch Erich M. , Resch Reinhard , Krautzer Bernhard 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Lolium perenne L. (Lp) is one of the most important and valuable forage plants in grasslands and an indispensable component of seed mixtures for meadows, pastures, ley farming, and re-seeding measures. A set of 39 different cultivars of Lp assigned to early, intermediate, and late maturing types were harvested and analyzed in weekly intervals during the first growth at AREC Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Austria. Significant differences between the heading groups were found with a time lag of 6 days for crude protein content and of up to 11 days for digestibility of organic matter and energy concentration. The early heading cultivars significantly differed from the other two groups, which performed comparably and were more resilient in terms of quality aspects for a longer time. Within all three heading groups, a strong variation could be noticed, leading to some unexpected overlapping. Our results indicate that the current assignment of Lp cultivars to the heading groups is imprecise and should be improved by advanced recordings and by analyses during the time of the official variety testing period. This may lead to a more sufficient selection of Lp cultivars for grassland mixtures, and therefore, increase the quality of home-grown forage.
Net food production of different livestock: A national analysis for Austria including relative occupation of different land categories / Netto-Lebensmittelproduktion der Nutztierhaltung: Eine nationale Analyse für Österreich inklusive relativer Flächenbeanspruchung
Authors: Ertl Paul , Steinwidder Andreas , Schönauer Magdalena , Krimberger Kurt , Knaus Wilhelm , Zollitsch Werner 
Published: September 2016

Summary
The discussion on the role of livestock in human food security is often controversial. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the net contribution of different livestock to human food protein and energy supply. Furthermore, the proportions of feed protein and feed energy derived from different land categories were estimated. National data from 2011–2013 for the main Austrian livestock categories (cattle, dairy cows, growing-fattening bulls, swine, broiler chickens, laying hens, turkeys, sheep, and goats) were used in this case study. Cattle were the only species that were net contributors to both the human protein and energy supply. When accounting for the differences in protein quality between human-edible plant inputs and animal products, not only cattle, but also laying hens, sheep, and goats increased the value of protein available for human consumption. Except for growing-fattening bulls, about 50% of the feed protein and energy for ruminants was derived from permanent grassland, which could otherwise not be used for human food production. The results of this study showed that depending on the production system, the transformation process of feed into food of animal origin results in either an increase or decrease of the available food for human consumption, but it always increases protein quality.
Who’s right: The author or the audience? Effects of user comments and ratings on the perception of online science articles
Authors: Winter Stephan , Krämer Nicole C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhen laypersons are interested in science-related questions, they frequently visit participatory websites such as science blogs. Typically, articles on these sites are accompanied by user comments or ratings. The present research investigated the effects of different forms of user feedback on readers’ interpretation of science topics. In two experiments (
Uncertainty discourses in the context of climate change: A corpus-assisted analysis of UK national newspaper articles
Authors: Collins Luke C. , Nerlich Brigitte 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUncertainty is intrinsic to science, to knowledge acquisition and risk assessment. When communicating about climate change, however, uncertainty can be used and understood as ‘not knowing’, that is, as ignorance. In this article we aim to understand how ‘uncertainty’ is used in a specific cultural and media context at two important periods in time. Using a corpus linguistic approach, we examine how ‘uncertainty’ was used in the context of UK press coverage of climate change in 2010 (following ‘Climategate’) and in 2014−15, after the latest IPCC report had been published. We find that after Climategate and the (failed) Copenhagen summit, ‘uncertainty’ was used to question the authority and credibility of climate science; after the latest IPCC report and in the run-up to the (more successful) Paris summit, discussions focused on uncertainties inherent in various climate change mitigation activities and associated with the economy, environment and politics more generally.
Who participates in the climate change online discourse? A typology of Germans’ online engagement
Authors: Taddicken Monika , Reif Anne 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper argues the relevance of the internet for scientific communication. It is not only an immense source of information, it also empowers laypeople to interact by commenting, rating, and sharing online content. Previous studies have found that users’ contributions to online content affect the reception processes. However, research on who actually uses these participatory possibilities is scarce. This paper characterizes engaged (and non-engaged) online users by analyzing online engagement (using search engines and different participatory forms) with a representative German online survey (
General Methods for Evolutionary Quantitative Genetic Inference from Generalized Mixed Models
Authors: de Villemereuil Pierre , Schielzeth Holger , Nakagawa Shinichi , Morrissey Michael 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMethods for inference and interpretation of evolutionary quantitative genetic parameters, and for prediction of the response to selection, are best developed for traits with normal distributions. Many traits of evolutionary interest, including many life history and behavioral traits, have inherently nonnormal distributions. The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) framework has become a widely used tool for estimating quantitative genetic parameters for nonnormal traits. However, whereas GLMMs provide inference on a statistically convenient latent scale, it is often desirable to express quantitative genetic parameters on the scale upon which traits are measured. The parameters of fitted GLMMs, despite being on a latent scale, fully determine all quantities of potential interest on the scale on which traits are expressed. We provide expressions for deriving each of such quantities, including population means, phenotypic (co)variances, variance components including additive genetic (co)variances, and parameters such as heritability. We demonstrate that fixed effects have a strong impact on those parameters and show how to deal with this by averaging or integrating over fixed effects. The expressions require integration of quantities determined by the link function, over distributions of latent values. In general cases, the required integrals must be solved numerically, but efficient methods are available and we provide an implementation in an R package, QGglmm. We show that known formulas for quantities such as heritability of traits with binomial and Poisson distributions are special cases of our expressions. Additionally, we show how fitted GLMM can be incorporated into existing methods for predicting evolutionary trajectories. We demonstrate the accuracy of the resulting method for evolutionary prediction by simulation and apply our approach to data from a wild pedigreed vertebrate population.
A Multigenic Network of ARGONAUTE4 Clade Members Controls Early Megaspore Formation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hernández-Lagana Elvira , Rodríguez-Leal Daniel , Lúa Judith , Vielle-Calzada Jean-Philippe 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The development of gametophytes relies on the establishment of a haploid gametophytic generation that initiates with the specification of gametophytic precursors. The majority of flowering plants differentiate a single gametophytic precursor in the ovule: the megaspore mother cell. Here we show that, in addition to argonaute9 (ago9), mutations in other ARGONAUTE (AGO) genes such as ago4, ago6, and ago8, also show abnormal configurations containing supernumerary gametophytic precursors in Arabidopsis thaliana. Double homozygous ago4 ago9 individuals showed a suppressive effect on the frequency of ovules with multiple gametophytic precursors across three consecutive generations, indicating that genetic interactions result in compensatory mechanisms. Whereas overexpression of AGO6 in ago9 and ago4 ago9 confirms strong regulatory interactions among genes involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation, AGO8 is overexpressed in premeiotic ovules of ago4 ago9 individuals, suggesting that the regulation of this previously presumed pseudogene responds to the compensatory mechanism. The frequency of abnormal meiotic configurations found in ago4 ago9 individuals is dependent on their parental genotype, revealing a transgenerational effect. Our results indicate that members of the AGO4 clade cooperatively participate in preventing the abnormal specification of multiple premeiotic gametophytic precursors during early ovule development in A. thaliana.