bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the association between depression and health care utilization in children and adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Jonassaint Charles R. , Jones Victor L. , Leong Sharlene , Frierson Georita M. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryPatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience a disproportionately high use of health care resources. Several studies have examined depression and other negative mood states as risk factors for increased health care utilization; however, there have been no systematic reviews examining and summarizing this evidence in SCD. The aim of this systematic review, therefore, was to determine whether depression or depressive symptoms are associated with health care utilization among children and adults with SCD. We followed a quantitative systematic review protocol based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐ Analyses guidelines and performed a literature search of records from January 1980 to April 2014 using six databases. Empirical studies were eligible if the sample was primarily composed of patients with SCD and included data on depression, mood disorder diagnosis or depressive symptoms and health care utilization. We included 12 studies involving 54 036 unique participants. The prevalence estimates for depression ranged from 2–57%. Seven studies found a significant, or marginally significant, association between depression and utilization while five did not. Patients reporting depression had an estimated 2·8 times greater relative risk of being a high utilizer, and 2·9 versus 1·8 hospitalizations per year on average compared to patients without depression. Overall, depressive symptoms are common in SCD and may increase risk for poor outcomes including health care utilization. The available studies on depression in SCD, however, are limited by small sample sizes, retrospective designs or short follow‐up. This systematic review found a modest association between depression and health care utilization in SCD.
Patient‐related factors independently impact overall survival in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: an MDS‐CAN prospective study
Authors: Buckstein Rena , Wells Richard A. , Zhu Nancy , Leitch Heather A. , Nevill Thomas J. , Yee Karen W. L. , Leber Brian , Sabloff Mitchell , St. Hilaire Eve , Kumar Rajat , Geddes Michelle , Shamy April , Storring John , Kew Andrea , Elemary Mohamed , Levitt Max , Lenis Martha , Mamedov Alex , Zhang Liying , Rockwood Ken , Alibhai Shabbir M. H. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryLittle is known about the effects of frailty, disability and physical functioning on the clinical outcomes for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We investigated the predictive value of these factors on overall survival (OS) in 445 consecutive patients with MDS and chronic monomyelocytic leukaemia (CMML) enrolled in a multi‐centre prospective national registry. Frailty, comorbidity, instrumental activities of daily living, disability, quality of life, fatigue and physical performance measures were evaluated at baseline and were added as covariates to conventional MDS‐related factors as predictors of OS in Cox proportional hazards models. The median age was 73 years, and 79% had revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS‐R) risk scores of intermediate or lower. Frailty correlated only modestly with comorbidity. OS was significantly shorter for patients with higher frailty and comorbidity scores, any disability, impaired grip strength and timed chair stand tests. By multivariate analysis, the age‐adjusted IPSS‐R, frailty (Hazard ratio 2·7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1·7–4·2), P < 0·0001) and Charlson comorbidity score (Hazard ratio 1·8 (95% CI 1·1–2·8), P = 0·01) were independently prognostic of OS. Incorporation of frailty and comorbidity scores improved risk stratification of the IPSS‐R by 30% and 5%, respectively. These data demonstrate for the first time, the importance of considering frailty in prognostic models and a potential target for therapeutic intervention in optimizing clinical outcomes in older MDS patients.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02537990.
Increased microcirculation detected by dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is of prognostic significance in asymptomatic myeloma
Authors: Hillengass Jens , Ritsch Judith , Merz Maximilian , Wagner Barbara , Kunz Christina , Hielscher Thomas , Laue Hendrik , Bäuerle Tobias , Zechmann Christian M. , Ho Anthony D. , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Moehler Thomas M. , Delorme Stefan 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis prospective study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) as a non‐invasive imaging technique delivering the quantitative parameters amplitude A (reflecting blood volume) and exchange rate constant kep (reflecting vascular permeability) in patients with asymptomatic monoclonal plasma cell diseases. We analysed DCE‐MRI parameters in 33 healthy controls and 148 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or smouldering multiple myeloma (SMM) according to the 2003 IMWG guidelines. All individuals underwent standardized DCE‐MRI of the lumbar spine. Regions of interest were drawn manually on T1‐weighted images encompassing the bone marrow of each of the 5 lumbar vertebrae sparing the vertebral vessel. Prognostic significance for median of amplitude A (univariate: P < 0·001, hazard ratio (HR) 2·42, multivariate P = 0·02, HR 2·7) and exchange rate constant kep (univariate P = 0·03, HR 1·92, multivariate P = 0·46, HR 1·5) for time to progression of 79 patients with SMM was found. Patients with amplitude A above the optimal cut‐off point of 0·89 arbitrary units had a 2‐year progression rate into symptomatic disease of 80%. In conclusion, DCE‐MRI parameters are of prognostic significance for time to progression in patients with SMM but not in individuals with MGUS.
Is it all in the reward? Peers influence risk‐taking behaviour in young adulthood
Authors: Reniers Renate L. E. P. , Beavan Amanda , Keogan Louise , Furneaux Andrea , Mayhew Samantha , Wood Stephen J. 
Published: March 2016

The presence of peers is suggested to increase risk‐taking behaviour by heightening response to reward. The current study investigated this using a computerized financial risk‐taking task which was performed twice by a group of young adults (n = 201, median age 19.8 years): once alone and once while in the presence of two peers. An overall increase in risk‐taking was observed when with peers compared to when alone (CHANGE). CHANGE was positively associated with self‐reported levels of reward responsiveness and fun seeking while older age and lack of perseverance were associated with reduced CHANGE. The association between risk‐taking when with peers and both resistance to the influence of peers and age was indirect through reward responsiveness. Reward responsiveness was positively associated with impulsiveness. Only in those who showed a peer‐related decrease in risk‐taking (1/3 of participants), risk‐taking in the presence of peers was associated with increased impulsiveness. The current findings suggest an important role for reward responsiveness in risk‐taking behaviour and demonstrate the influence of peers. Increased understanding of these processes has direct implications for prevention and intervention efforts. Placing risk‐taking behaviour within varying (social) contexts with an eye for differences in personality, development, and emotions provides ample scope for future research.
5‐HT3 receptors promote colonic inflammation via activation of substance P/neurokinin‐1 receptors in dextran sulphate sodium‐induced murine colitis
Authors: Utsumi Daichi , Matsumoto Kenjiro , Amagase Kikuko , Horie Syunji , Kato Shinichi 
Published: March 2016

Background and Purpose5‐HT (serotonin) regulates various physiological functions, both directly and via enteric neurons. The present study investigated the role of endogenous 5‐HT and 5‐HT3 receptors in the pathogenic mechanisms involved in colonic inflammation, especially in relation to substance P (SP) and the neurokinin‐1 (NK1) receptor.Experimental ApproachThe effects of 5‐HT3 and NK1 receptor antagonists were examined in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice. Inflammatory mediator expression and the distribution of 5‐HT3 and NK1 receptors were also determined.Key ResultsDaily administration of ramosetron and ondansetron (5‐HT3 antagonists) dose‐dependently attenuated the severity of DSS‐induced colitis and up‐regulation of inflammatory mediator expression. Immunohistochemical analysis showed 5‐HT3 receptors are mainly expressed in vesicular ACh transporter‐positive cholinergic nerve fibres in normal colon. DSS increased the number of colonic nerve fibres that were double positive for 5‐HT3 receptors and SP but not of those that were double positive for 5‐HT3 receptors and vesicular ACh transporter. DSS increased colonic SP levels and SP‐positive nerve fibres; these responses were attenuated by ramosetron. DSS‐induced colitis and up‐regulation of inflammatory mediators were attenuated by aprepitant, an NK1 antagonist. Immunohistochemical studies further revealed that DSS treatment markedly increased NK1 receptor expression in CD11b‐positive cells.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese findings indicate that the 5‐HT/5‐HT3 receptor and SP/NK1 receptor pathways play pathogenic roles in colonic inflammation. 5‐HT acts via 5‐HT3 receptors to up‐regulate inflammatory mediators and promote colonic inflammation. These effects may be further mediated by activation of macrophage NK1 receptors via SP released from 5‐HT3 receptor‐positive nerve fibres.
Caught in the eye of the storm: a qualitative study of views and experiences of planned drug holidays from methylphenidate in child and adolescent ADHD treatment
Authors: Ibrahim Kinda , Vogt Carsten , Donyai Parastou 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be treated with stimulant medication such as methylphenidate. Although effective, methylphenidate can cause serious side‐effects, including suppressed appetite, growth retardation and sleep problems. A drug holiday is a deliberate interruption of pharmacotherapy for a defined period of time and for a specific clinical purpose, for example for appeasing side‐effects. While some international guidelines recommend introducing drug holidays in ADHD treatment, this is not practised routinely. Our aim was to examine the views and experiences of planned drug holidays from methylphenidate with adults who have responsibility for treatment decisions in children and adolescents with ADHD.MethodIn‐depth interviews were carried out. Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services practitioners (n = 8), General practitioners (n = 8), teachers (n = 5) and mothers of children with ADHD (n = 4) were interviewed in a UK setting. Interview transcripts were analysed using grounded theory.ResultsMethylphenidate eases the experience of the child amid problems at home and at school and once started is mostly continued long term. Some families do practise short‐term drug holidays at weekends and longer term ones during school holidays. The decision to introduce drug holidays is influenced by the child's academic progress, the parents' ability to cope with the child, as well as medication beliefs. Trialling a drug holiday is thought to allow older children to self‐assess their ability to manage without medication when they show signs of wanting to discontinue treatment prematurely.ConclusionsPlanned drug holidays could address premature treatment cessation by enabling adolescents to assess repercussions under medical supervision.
CXCR5 is critically involved in progression of lupus through regulation of B cell and double-negative T cell trafficking
Authors: Wiener A , Schippers A , Wagner N , Tacke F , Ostendorf T , Honke N , Tenbrock K , Ohl K 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe recruitment of immune cells to sites of tissue inflammation is orchestrated by chemokine/chemokine receptor networks. Among these, the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis is thought to be involved critically in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis pathogenesis. Beyond B cell abnormalities, another hallmark of SLE disease is the occurrence of aberrant T cell responses. In particular, double-negative (DN) T cells are expanded in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE and in lupus-prone mice. DN T cells induce immunoglobulin production, secrete proinflammatory cytokines and infiltrate inflamed tissue, including kidneys. We aimed to investigate how CXCR5 deficiency changes immune cell trafficking in murine lupus. We therefore crossed CXCR5–/– mice with B6/lpr mice, a well-established murine lupus model. B cell numbers and B cellular immune responses were diminished in CXCR5-deficient B6/lpr mice. In addition, we observed reduced accumulation of DN T cells in spleen and lymph nodes, paralleled by reduced splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. In-vivo migration assays revealed reduced migration of CXCR5-deficient DN T cells into lymph nodes, and ex-vivo-activated CXCR5-deficient DN T cells failed to infiltrate kidneys of recipients. Moreover, DN T cells and B cells of CXCR5-deficient B6/lpr mice failed to migrate towards CXCL13 in vitro. We propose that CXCR5 is involved critically in B cell trafficking and germinal cell (GC) formation in murine lupus and in guiding pathogenic DN T cells into lymphoid organs and kidneys, and we therefore describe new pathomechanisms for the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis in SLE.
Influence of maintenance care in periodontally susceptible and non‐susceptible subjects following implant therapy
Authors: Tan Wah Ching , Ong Marianne M. A. , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the periodontal and peri‐implant conditions of periodontally susceptible and periodontally healthy subjects under maintenance care for a period of at least 3 years.Material and methodsSixty periodontally susceptible patients (PSP) and 56 periodontally non‐susceptible subjects (PHS) were treated with dental implants in the National Dental Centre Singapore (NDCS) and were maintained in a regular supportive periodontal care program for a mean of 6 years. Full mouth bleeding on probing (BoP), full mouth probing pocket depths (PPD), implant loss, and absence of crestal bone loss were recorded at the time of prosthesis delivery and following a mean follow‐up of 6 years 2 months.ResultsAlthough there were significant differences in the BoP and the percentage of subjects with tooth probing pocket depth ≥5 mm between PSP and PHS at the time of implant prosthesis installation (T0), there were no significant differences between the two subject groups in the various parameters assessed at the follow‐up visit (T1) (total number of teeth, percentage of subjects with implant probing pocket depth ≥5 mm, percentage of subjects with implant probing pocket depth ≥ 6 mm, absence of crestal bone loss, implant loss).ConclusionOwing to a rigid regular SPT program, implants placed in PSP perform equally well when compared to implants installed in PHS over a mean period of 6‐year follow‐up.
Computer‐assisted template‐guided custom‐designed 3D‐printed implant placement with custom‐designed 3D‐printed surgical tooling: an in‐vitro proof of a novel concept
Authors: Anssari Moin David , Derksen Wiebe , Waars Hugo , Hassan Bassam , Wismeijer Daniel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to introduce a new concept for computer‐assisted template‐guided placement of a custom 3D‐designed/3D‐printed implant with congruent custom 3D‐designed/3D‐printed surgical tooling and to test the feasibility and accuracy of this method in‐vitro.Materials and methodsOne partially edentulous human mandibular cadaver was scanned with a cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) system and intra‐oral scan system. The 3D data of this cadaver were imported in specialized software and used to analyse the region of a missing tooth. Based on the functional and anatomical parameters, an individual implant with congruent surgical tooling and surgical guided template was designed and 3D‐printed. The guided osteotomy was performed, and the custom implant inserted. To evaluate the planned implant position in comparison with the placed implant position, the mandible with implant was scanned again with the CBCT system and software matching was applied to measure the accuracy of the procedure.ResultsThe angular deflection with the planned implant position was 0.40°. When comparing the 3D positions of the shoulder, there is a deviation of 0.72 mm resulting in an apical deviation of 0.72 mm.ConclusionWith the use of currently available technology, it is very well feasible to create in a virtual simulation a custom implant with congruent custom surgical tooling and to transfer this to a clinical setting. However, further research on multiple levels is needed to explore this novel approach.
Preadolescents Solve Natural Syllogisms Proficiently
Authors: Politzer Guy , Bosc‐Miné Christelle , Sander Emmanuel 
Published: March 2016

Abstract“Natural syllogisms” are arguments formally identifiable with categorical syllogisms that have an implicit universal affirmative premise retrieved from semantic memory rather than explicitly stated. Previous studies with adult participants (Politzer, 2011) have shown that the rate of success is remarkably high. Because their resolution requires only the use of a simple strategy (known as ecthesis in classic logic) and an operational use of the concept of inclusion (the recognition that an element that belongs to a subset must belong to the set but not vice versa), it was hypothesized that these syllogisms would be within the grasp of non‐adult participants, provided they have acquired the notion of deductive validity. Here, 11‐year‐old children were presented with natural syllogisms embedded in short dialogs. The first experiment showed that their performance was equivalent to adults' highest level of performance in standard experiments on syllogisms. The second experiment, while confirming children's proficiency in solving natural syllogisms, showed that they outperformed children who solved non‐natural matched syllogisms in the same experimental setting. The results are also in agreement with the argumentation theory of reasoning.
Role of microRNAs in primary central nervous system lymphomas
Authors: Yu Xin , Li Zheng , Shen Jianxiong , Chan Matthew T.V. , Wu William Ka Kei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPrimary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are extranodal non‐Hodgkin lymphomas arising exclusively inside the CNS, and account for about 3% of primary intracranial tumours. This tumour lacks systemic manifestations and prognosis of patients with PCNSL remains poor despite recent advancement of chemoradiotherapy. MicroRNAs are small non‐coding RNAs that post‐transcriptionally downregulate gene expression by binding to target mRNAs, inducing their degradation or translational repression. MicroRNAs play significant roles in almost all malignancy‐related biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and metabolism. Many deregulated miRNAs has been identified in PCNSL but their biological significance remains to be fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize current evidence regarding the pathogenic role of PCNSL‐associated microRNAs and their potential applications for diagnosis and prognostication of this deadly disease.
Detection of an EGFR mutation in cytological specimens of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mohar B. , Smojver Ježek S. , Rajković Molek K. , Štemberger C. , Kurpis M. , Kupanovac Ž. , Samaržija M. , Jonjić N. , Grahovac B. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveEpidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) mutation status is crucial for the prediction of a tumour response to treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase (EGFR‐TK) inhibitors. The aim of the study was to establish a protocol for the detection of EGFR‐activating somatic mutations on cytological samples collected using a standard bronchoscopy procedure and to determine the frequency of EGFR mutations among pre‐selected Croatian patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of an adenocarcinoma histological subtype.MethodsA total of 177 cytological samples were collected from the patients diagnosed with NSCLC. DNA was isolated from the cytological material recovered from the fixed and stained slides. EGFR mutations were analysed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐ mediated Sanger sequencing method.ResultsOut of 177 collected samples, EGFR mutation analyses were successfully performed on 167 samples (94.4%); 77 (46.1%) of these were from male and 90 (53.9%) from female patients. EGFR mutations/deletions were found in 33 (19.8%) of the tested patients; exon 19 deletions in 17 (10.2%) and point mutations of exon 21 in 16 (9.6%) patients.ConclusionThe PCR‐mediated Sanger sequencing method was found to be reproducible and reliable. Cytological samples can be used successfully to determine the EGFR mutation status in NSCLC patients providing information for targeted therapy at an early stage of the disease.
Maturation promoting factor destabilization facilitates postovulatory aging‐mediated abortive spontaneous egg activation in rat
Authors: Prasad Shilpa , Koch Biplob , Chaube Shail K. 
Published: March 2016

The present study was designed to investigate whether destabilization of maturation promoting factor (MPF) leads to postovulatory aging‐mediated abortive spontaneous egg activation (SEA). If so, we wished to determine whether changes in Wee‐1 as well as Emi2 levels are associated with MPF destabilization during postovulatory aging‐mediated abortive SEA in rats eggs aged in vivo. For this purpose, sexually immature female rats were given a single injection (20 IU IM) of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin for 48 h followed by single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (20 IU). Ovulated eggs were collected after 14, 17, 19 and 21 h post‐hCG surge to induce postovulatory aging in vivo. The morphological changes, Wee1, phosphorylation status of cyclin dependent kinase 1(Cdk1), early mitotic inhibitor 2 (Emi2), anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), cyclin B1, mitotic arrest deficient protein (MAD2) levels and Cdk1 activity were analyzed. The increased Wee 1 level triggered phosphorylation of Thr‐14/Tyr‐15 and dephosphorylation of Thr‐161 residues of Cdk1. The decrease of Emi2 level was associated with increased APC/C level and decreased cyclin B1 level. Changes in phosphorylation status of Cdk1 and reduced cyclin B1 level resulted in destabilization of MPF. The destabilized MPF finally led to postovulatory aging‐mediated abortive SEA in rat eggs. It was concluded that the increase of Wee 1 but decrease of Emi2 level triggers MPF destabilization and thereby postovulatory aging‐mediated abortive SEA in rat eggs.