bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catheter Ablation of Idiopathic Left Posterior Fascicular Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Ma Wei , Lu Fengmin , Shehata Michael , Wang Xunzhang , Zhang Fan , Chen Bingwei , Wu Dongyan , He Le , Sun Shan , Cheng Aijuan , Ding Jun , Cong Hongliang , Xu Jing 
Published: November 2017

Background
We report the 12-lead ECG morphology of left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia (LPF-VT) and the relationship between His-ventricular (HV) interval and site of origin in LPF-VT.

Methods and Results
We studied 41 patients who underwent successful catheter ablation of LPF-VT with HV interval >0 ms (n=8; proximal-LPF group), HV interval 0 to −15 ms (n=15; middle-LPF group), and HV interval <–15 ms (n=18; distal-LPF group). The earliest mapped presystolic potential (PP)-QRS interval was 34.1±4.2, 24.5±3.2, and 19.4±2.8 ms in proximal-, middle-, and distal-LPF groups. The earliest PP ratio (PP-QRS interval during VT/HV interval during sinus rhythm) was 0.59±0.05, 0.45±0.07, and 0.31±0.05 in the proximal-, middle-, and distal-LPF groups. There were statistically significant differences between the 3 groups in earliest PP ratio, and there was close correlation between the HV interval during LPF-VT and earliest PP ratio. The QRS duration in the proximal-LPF group (114±6 ms) was significantly narrower compared with the middle-LPF group (128±5 ms) and distal-LPF group (140±6 ms). In leads I and V6, the ratio of R/S tended to be greater in the proximal-LPF group compared with the other 2 groups. QRS duration, the ratio of R/S in leads V6, and lead I could predict a proximal or distal origin site of LPF-VT with high sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion
The HV interval and 12-lead ECG morphology of LPF-VT may help predict the successful site of origin and prove useful in guiding an effective ablation strategy.
Association Between Leukocyte Telomere Length and the Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Staerk Laila , Wang Biqi , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Helm Robert H. , Ko Darae , Sherer Jason A. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Lubitz Steven A. , McManus David D. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Trinquart Ludovic 
Published: November 2017

Background

Advancing age is a prominent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (
AF
). Shorter telomere length is a biomarker of biological aging, but the link between shorter telomere length and increased risk of
AF
remains unclear. We examined the association between shorter leukocyte telomere length (
LTL
) and incident
AF
.

Methods and Results

We included
AF
‐free participants from the observational Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort from 1995 to 1998, who had
LTL
measurements. We examined the association between baseline
LTL
and incident
AF
with multivariable Cox models adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, diabetes mellitus, history of myocardial infarction, and history of heart failure. The study sample comprised 1143
AF
‐free participants (52.8% women), with mean age of 60±8 years. The mean
LTL
at baseline was 6.95±0.57 kb. During 15.1±4.2 years mean follow‐up, 184 participants (64 women) developed
AF
. Chronological age was associated with increased risk of
AF
(hazard ratio per 10‐year increase, 2.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.71–2.72). There was no significant association between
LTL
and incident
AF
(hazard ratio per 1 SD decrease
LTL
, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.86–1.19). Our study was observational in nature; hence, we could not exclude residual confounding and we were unable to establish causal pathways.

Conclusions

In our moderate‐sized community‐based cohort, we did not find evidence for a significant association between
LTL
and risk of incident
AF
.
Reading God’s Will? Function and Status of Oracle Interpreters in Ancient Jewish and Greek Texts
Authors: Tervanotko Hanna 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
There is a rising scholarly consensus that consulting the divine will did not altogether cease in the Second Temple period. Rather, it took different forms, and one was consulting the divine will via existing texts. Meanwhile, the identity of such interpreters remains unclear. This paper explores the possible identities of interpreters by comparing the figures that interpret Jewish oracles with the chresmologoi that appear in ancient Greek compositions. Such a comparison provides new insights into the divinatory use of written oracles. The interpreters of the Jewish and Greek texts operated at least partly in similar ways. While their methods of interrogating the oracles are somewhat alike, Jewish interpreters enjoyed a status similar to that of prophetic figures, whereas Greek interpreters operated more independently and without a similarly evident divine mandate.
Reading, Writing, and Memorizing Together: Reading Culture in Ancient Judaism and the Dead Sea Scrolls in a Mediterranean Context
Authors: Popović Mladen 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This article focuses on reading culture as an aspect of the Dead Sea Scrolls textual community in its ancient Mediterranean context. On the basis of comparative evidence, the article approaches reading in ancient Judaism as a multi-dimensional and deeply social activity by taking reading aloud, writing, and memorizing as intertwined practices occurring in group reading events. The evidence discussed, such as from Philo of Alexandria, the first-century ce Theodotus inscription from Jerusalem, and 1QS 6:6–8, reflects certain aspects of reading cultures shared between different Jewish communities in the ancient Mediterranean during the Hellenistic and early Roman periods. In addition, it is argued that features such as scribal marks in manuscripts, evidence such as the writing of excerpts, manuscripts such as 4Q159 and 4Q265, or note-taking in 4Q175 and other such manuscripts should be considered within the context of the ancient procedure of reading by intellectual or scholarly readers. Moreover, the article suggests that the Genesis Apocryphon actually preserves a glimpse of the scrolls’ elite reading culture described in a text from Hellenistic-period Judaea.
Rediscovered Gravestones from a Destroyed Jewish Cemetery in Ostróg: The Case of Two Inscriptions of 1445
Authors: Fishel Alexandra , Nosonovsky Michael 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The earliest extant gravestone inscriptions from Western Ukraine are from the 16th century; however, some perished monuments of the 15th century have been mentioned in literature. Among these are two 1445 inscriptions from Ostróg published by M. Biber in 1907. The Jewish cemetery in Ostróg was destroyed in 1968, and the two gravestones did not survive. However, several hundreds of gravestones from the destroyed cemetery in Ostróg have been found recently and there are several 17th–19th century epitaphs published by Biber among them. In addition, several photographs of the cemetery and its monuments are kept in the depositary of a local museum, including one presumed 1445 inscription. We have compared these materials with those published by Biber and thus have been able to re-evaluate the authenticity of the 1445 epitaphs. One of them turns out to be of 1520, while the date of the other one remains questionable.
Biafra and Abuse of Power in I.N.C. Aniebo’s Rearguard Actions
Authors: Gomba Obari 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The Nigerian civil war has left a lasting impact on the politics of Nigeria. It has also provided material for I.N.C. Aniebo’s Rearguard Actions. Given the prior success of his novel The Anonymity of Sacrifice, this collection of short stories expands his creative portfolio on the subject of war. Over and above the predilection of Biafran discourse for blaming others for Biafra’s failure, Aniebo’s depiction of the war calls attention to the failings of Biafra itself. On the strength of Aniebo’s stories, this paper seeks to examine the nature of the abuse of power in Biafra and to show how such abuse helped precipitate the collapse of the breakaway nation-state.
Transculturalism, Otherness, Exile, and Identity in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah
Authors: Nwanyanwu Augustine Uka 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Today African literature exhibits and incorporates the decentred realities of African writers themselves as they negotiate and engage with multifarious forms of diaspora experience, dislocation, otherness, displacement, identity, and exile. National cultures in the twenty-first century have undergone significant decentralization. New African writing is now generated in and outside Africa by writers who themselves are products of transcultural forms and must now interrogate existence in global cities, transnational cultures, and the challenges of immigrants in these cities. Very few novels explore the theme of otherness and identity with as much insight as Adichie’s Americanah. The novel brings together opposing cultural forms, at once transcending and celebrating the local, and exploring spaces for the self where identity and otherness can be viewed and clarified. This article endeavours to show how African emigrants seek to affirm, manipulate, and define identity, reclaiming a space for self where migrant culture is marginalized. Adichie’s exemplary focus on transcultural engagement in Americanah provides an accurate representation of present-day African literary production in its dialectical dance between national and international particularities.
Detention and Its Reforms in the prc
Authors: Biddulph Sarah , Nesossi Elisa , Sapio Flora , Trevaskes Susan 
Published: November 2017

This article reviews forms of detention and their reforms in the People’s Republic of China (prc). We examine the changing scope and uses of both administrative and criminal detention powers in the reform period and the impact of changing politics, ideology, and law in reform of both detention powers and institutions.In Part 1, we focus on the continuities and discontinuities in the ideology of punishment, the perceived role and uses of detention in shaping society and in social control. In Part 2, we explore the factors relevant to the reform or abolition of range of administrative detention powers. We seek to understand how reforms have occurred, where they have stalled and where they are now possible. We ask how relevant these considerations are to the reform of criminal detention powers and find some distinctive features, not least of which is the comparative rigidity brought about by legal codification. We also note that reform to some administrative detention powers has been accompanied by an expansion in the criminal justice system. Our analysis illustrates that not only is there a wide range of people that the Party-state considers deserve to be placed outside of society, but also that in contemporary China detention is still considered to be a very useful form of social management and control.
Rapid Weakening of Tropical Cyclones in Monsoon Gyres over the Tropical Western North Pacific
Authors: Liang Jia , Wu Liguang , Gu Guojun 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
As one major source of forecasting errors in tropical cyclone intensity, rapid weakening of tropical cyclones [an intensity reduction of 20 kt (1 kt = 0.51 m s−1) or more over a 24-h period] over the tropical open ocean can result from the interaction between tropical cyclones and monsoon gyres. This study aims to examine rapid weakening events occurring in monsoon gyres in the tropical western North Pacific (WNP) basin during May–October 2000–14.
Although less than one-third of rapid weakening events happened in the tropical WNP basin south of 25°N, more than 40% of them were associated with monsoon gyres. About 85% of rapid weakening events in monsoon gyres occurred in September and October. The rapid weakening events associated with monsoon gyres are usually observed near the center of monsoon gyres when tropical cyclone tracks make a sudden northward turn. The gyres can enlarge the outer size of tropical cyclones and tend to induce prolonged rapid weakening events with an average duration of 33.2 h. Large-scale environmental factors, including sea surface temperature changes, vertical wind shear, and midlevel environmental humidity, are not primary contributors to them, suggesting the possible effect of monsoon gyres on these rapid weakening events by modulating the tropical cyclone structure. This conclusion is conducive to improving operational forecasts of tropical cyclone intensity.
Diagnosing Human-Induced Dynamic and Thermodynamic Drivers of Extreme Rainfall
Authors: Cheng Linyin , Hoerling Martin , Smith Lesley , Eischeid Jon 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Factors responsible for extreme monthly rainfall over Texas and Oklahoma during May 2015 are assessed. The event had a return period of at least 400 years, in contrast to the prior record, which was roughly a 100-yr event. The event challenges attribution science to disentangle factors because it occurred during a strong El Niño, a natural pattern of variability that affects the region’s springtime rains, and during the warmest global mean temperatures since 1880. Effects of each factor are diagnosed, as is the interplay between El Niño dynamics and human-induced climate change.
Analysis of historical climate simulations reveals that El Niño was a necessary condition for monthly rains to occur having the severity of May 2015. The model results herein further reveal that a 2015 magnitude event, whether conditioned on El Niño or not, was made neither more intense nor more likely to be due to human-induced climate change over the past century.
The intensity of extreme May rainfall over Texas and Oklahoma , analogous to the 2015 event, increases by roughly 5% by the latter half of the twenty-first century. No material changes occur in either El Niño–related teleconnections or in overall atmospheric dynamics during extreme May rainfall over the twenty-first century. The increased severity of Texas/Oklahoma May rainfall events in the future is principally due to thermodynamic driving, although much less than implied by simple Clausius–Clapeyron scaling arguments given a projected 23% increase in atmospheric precipitable water vapor. Other thermodynamic factors are identified that act in opposition to the increase in atmospheric water vapor, thereby reducing the effectiveness of overall thermodynamic driving of extreme May rainfall changes over Texas and Oklahoma.
Adolescent girls’ reactions to nutrition and physical activity assessment tools and insight into lifestyle habits
Authors: Metos Julie , Gren Lisa , Brusseau Timothy , Moric Endi , O’Toole Karen , Mokhtari Tahereh , Buys Saundra , Frost Caren 
Published: November 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to understand adolescent girls’ experiences using practical diet and physical activity measurement tools and to explore the food and physical activity settings that influence their lifestyle habits. Design: Mixed methods study using quantitative and qualitative methods. Setting: Large city in the western USA. Participants were recruited from a larger study of girls and families. Methods: A total of 10 girls aged 13–17 years completed a 3-day food diary, a Food Frequency Questionnaire and wore a Fitbit wrist bracelet to measure physical activity for 30 days. Following the data collection period, a structured focus group using a phenomenological approach was held to understand girls’ experiences with the collection tools and to understand the internal and external environments in which they make eating and physical activity decisions. Results: Participants completed an average of 8,459 steps/day. Girls had an average Healthy Eating Index score of 37 (out of 100), with diets being particularly high in added sugars and low in nutrients found in fruits and vegetables. Girls perceived the 3-day food diaries and the Fitbit as representing their lives accurately, and had negative perceptions of the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Finally, girls described influences on their lifestyle behaviours, including boredom, summer-break, part-time work, availability and cost. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the efficacy and willingness of girls to utilise food diaries and activity trackers. Results confirm poor dietary intake and physical activity in this population, and describe influences on lifestyle behaviours unique to adolescent girls.
Living with a chronic health condition: Students’ health narratives and negotiations of (ill) health at university
Authors: Spencer Grace , Lewis Sophie , Reid Megan 
Published: November 2017

Objective: Increasing numbers of young people live with a chronic health condition. Much research to date has explored young people’s self-management of their illness and related symptomatology. Relatively less is known about how young people manage their long-term condition in everyday social contexts. This paper reports on findings from a qualitative study examining the perspectives of university students with a chronic health condition, including how they negotiate their health (and experiences of ill health) while at university. Design: A qualitative interview study was conducted with 16 students with a medically diagnosed chronic health condition. Setting: The study was conducted at a major university in Australia. Methods: Data were collected via in-depth semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically and inductively. Results: Findings illustrate how young people sought to position themselves as being ‘healthy’ while simultaneously distancing themselves from labels of ill health and disability. The relative invisibility of their health conditions enabled participants to align with and enact a preferred health identity. Yet, this invisibility presented particular challenges for students when navigating university systems and processes. Indeed, the fluctuating nature of their (ill) health status prompted a felt need continuously to prove their ill health to the university in order to receive academic support. Inevitably, this illness identity was at odds with participants’ own health narratives – triggering additional anxieties and (academic and social) exclusions for these young people. Conclusion: These contradictory (ill) health positions carry a number of implications for how best to support young people living with chronic health conditions while at university.
Finite element study of the microdroplet test for interfacial shear strength: Effects of geometric parameters for a carbon fibre/epoxy system
Authors: Zhao Q , Qian CC , Harper LT , Warrior NA 
Published: November 2017

A 3D finite element model has been developed to identify the main causes of variability in the microdroplet test, which is commonly used to characterise the interfacial shear strength between polymer matrices and single filaments. A more realistic droplet shape and test configuration, including meniscus details and prismatic shear blades, have been modelled for a carbon fibre/epoxy system to simulate a more representative set up than is commonly used in the literature. The interfacial behaviour has been modelled using a cohesive surface contact and fibre breakage has been captured using a maximum stress criterion. A statistical study has been performed to systematically evaluate the influence of key geometrical test parameters on the variability in the measured interfacial shear strength values and the likelihood of fibre breakage. Parameters studied are fibre embedded length, fibre diameter, shear blade radial opening distance and shear blade axial misalignment. Results of the studied carbon fibre /epoxy system suggest that fibre embedded length and the combined effects of the shear blade radial distance and the shear blade axial misalignment are the most significant sources of variability for the measured interfacial shear strength. However, fibre embedded length and the shear blade radial distance are the most significant variables contributing to fibre breakage.
Endovascular repair of subclavian artery aneurysms: results from a single-center experience
Authors: Gao XiXiang , Li LiQiang , Gu YongQuan , Guo LianRui , Cui ShiJun , Qi LiXing , Li JianXin , Zhang Jian 
Published: November 2017

Objective: To present our experience of the endovascular treatment of subclavian artery aneurysms (SAAs) and analyze the clinical manifestations, imaging findings and treatment outcomes. Methods: In this retrospective study, nine patients with SAAs underwent endovascular stent placement in our center between July 2011 and June 2016. Clinical features, imaging findings, treatment outcomes and follow-up results of these SAA patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Nine patients were diagnosed with SAAs by computer tomography angiography (CTA). Five patients underwent percutaneous endovascular stent placement in the subclavian artery. Three patients underwent endovascular repair of the SAAs with coil embolization and stent graft. One patient underwent stent graft implantation by the simultaneous kissing stent technique. Five patients had their symptoms relieved and thrombosis occurred in one case. The mean follow-up period was 17 months, ranging from 8 to 40 months. Conclusion: For patients with SAAs, endovascular treatment is a feasible choice, with a high success rate, few complications and good clinical outcomes.
Endosomal trafficking regulates receptor-mediated transcytosis of antibodies across the blood brain barrier
Authors: Haqqani Arsalan S , Delaney Christie E , Brunette Eric , Baumann Ewa , Farrington Graham K , Sisk William , Eldredge John , Ding Wen , Tremblay Tammy-Lynn , Stanimirovic Danica B 
Published: November 2017

Current methods for examining antibody trafficking are either non-quantitative such as immunocytochemistry or require antibody labeling with tracers. We have developed a multiplexed quantitative method for antibody ‘tracking’ in endosomal compartments of brain endothelial cells. Rat brain endothelial cells were co-incubated with blood-brain barrier (BBB)-crossing FC5, monovalent FC5Fc or bivalent FC5Fc fusion antibodies and control antibodies. Endosomes were separated using sucrose-density gradient ultracentrifugation and analyzed using multiplexed mass spectrometry to simultaneously quantify endosomal markers, receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) receptors and the co-incubated antibodies in each fraction. The quantitation showed that markers of early endosomes were enriched in high-density fractions (HDF), whereas markers of late endosomes and lysosomes were enriched in low-density fractions (LDF). RMT receptors, including transferrin receptor, showed a profile similar to that of early endosome markers. The in vitro BBB transcytosis rates of antibodies were directly proportional to their partition into early endosome fractions of brain endothelial cells. Addition of the Fc domain resulted in facilitated antibody ‘redistribution’ from LDF into HDF and additionally into multivesicular bodies (MVB). Sorting of various FC5 antibody formats away from late endosomes and lysosomes and into early endosomes and a subset of MVB results in increased antibody transcytosis at the abluminal side of the BBB.