bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Death Certificate-Based Surveillance for Traumatic Brain Injury—Oklahoma 2002
Authors: Rodriguez Sara Russell , Mallonee Sue , Archer Pam , Gofton Jeffery 
Published: January 2017

Objectives. Death certificate data are used to estimate state and national incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related deaths. This study evaluated the accuracy of this estimate in Oklahoma and examined the case characteristics of those persons who experienced a TBI-related death but whose death certificate did not reflect a TBI. Methods. Data from Oklahoma's vital statistics multiple-cause-of-death database and from the Oklahoma Injury Surveillance System database were analyzed for TBI deaths that occurred during 2002. Cases were defined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ICD-10 code case definition. In multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model, we examined the association of case characteristics and the absence of a death certificate for persons who experienced a TBI-related death. Results. Overall, sensitivity of death certificate-based surveillance was 78%. The majority (62%) of missed cases were due to listing “multiple trauma” as the cause of death. Death certificate surveillance was more likely to miss TBI-related deaths among traffic crashes, falls, and persons aged ≥65 years. After adding missed cases to cases captured by death certificate surveillance, traffic crashes surpassed firearm fatalities as the leading external cause of TBI-related death. Conclusions. Death certificate surveillance underestimated TBI-related death in Oklahoma and might lead to national underreporting. More accurate and detailed completion of death certificates would result in better estimates of the burden of TBI-related death. Educational efforts to improve death certificate completion could substantially increase the accuracy of mortality statistics.
Economic Benefits of Hepatitis B Vaccination at Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics in the U.S.
Authors: Miriti M'Kiaira K. , Billah Kaafee , Weinbaum Cindy , Subiadur Julie , Zimmerman Richard , Murray Paula , Gunn Robert , Buffington Joanna 
Published: January 2017

Objective. This study assessed the long-term economic implications of a national program to vaccinate all adults treated at sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in a single year. Methods. A model was developed to track the long-term disease outcomes and costs among a hypothetical cohort of 2 million STD clinic clients accessing services in one year, using data from published sources and demonstration projects at STD clinics in San Diego (California), Illinois, and Denver (Colorado). The model estimated net economic benefits of a routine hepatitis B vaccination policy at STD clinics nationwide compared with no vaccination. Results. Without a vaccination program, an estimated 237,021 new hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections would occur over the lifetimes of the 2 million STD clinic clients seen in a single year. HBV-related medical costs and productivity losses would be $1.6 billion. In a national program for routine vaccination at STD clinics, 1.3 million adults would be expected to receive at least one vaccine dose, and an estimated 45% of the new HBV infections expected without vaccination would be prevented. The vaccination program would cost $138 million, HBV infections occurring despite the program would cost $878 million, and clients' time and travel would cost $45 million. The net economic benefit (savings) of routine vaccination would be $526 million. If the indirect costs of lost productivity due to HBV infection are not considered, routine vaccination would have a net cost of $28 million. Conclusions. Estimates from this model suggest a national program for routine hepatitis B vaccination of adults at STD clinics would be a cost saving to society.
Pursuing Perfection: An Asthma Quality Improvement Initiative in School-Based Health Centers with Community Partners
Authors: Mansour Mona E. , Rose Barbara , Toole Kim , Luzader Carolyn P. , Atherton Harry D. 
Published: January 2017

This article describes an innovative asthma quality improvement initiative conducted in school-based health centers (SBHCs) with collaboration among multiple community partners including the children's hospital, a federally qualified health center, the health department, the public school, and parents of children with asthma. The aim was to improve the health of children with asthma in these schools, as measured by minimal asthma-related activity restriction and reduction in asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits. Process measures tracked included the percent of children with ( 1) asthma severity classified, ( 2) persistent asthma with controller medication prescribed, and ( 3) written care plans. Data supported a statistically significant decreasing trend for the percent of SBHC children reporting activity restriction due to asthma. In addition, trend analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference in ED visits for asthma in the SBHC group compared with a non-SBHC group. Improvements were demonstrated for all process measures. Factors contributing to success included emphasis on community engagement, transparency in sharing ideas and results, benefits outweighing human resource costs of participating, readily available data to drive improvement, and the use of multiple intervention strategies.
The Effect of Policy Changes on Hepatitis A Vaccine Uptake in Arizona Children, 1995–2008
Authors: Ernst Kacey C. , Pogreba-Brown Kristen , Rasmussen Lisa , Erhart Laura M. 
Published: January 2017

Objective. In 1995, the first hepatitis A vaccines became available for use. At that time, Arizona had the highest hepatitis A incidence of all 50 states. During that same time period, the Arizona State Immunization Information System (ASIIS) was created to collect information on all immunizations given in the state. Four state-level hepatitis A vaccination policies were enacted according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations and local initiatives from 1996 to 2005. Our primary objective was to assess the impact of these policies on vaccine uptake in children. Methods. Immunization records from ASIIS were used to calculate yearly coverage of children with at least one reported hepatitis A vaccination between 1995 and 2008. Proportions vaccinated were calculated by age group (12–23 months, 24–59 months, 5–9 years, 10–14 years, and 15–19 years) for three regions: Maricopa County; Apache and Navajo counties; and the remaining 12 Arizona counties, which were grouped as one to reflect different target groups for the four policies examined. We calculated percent changes from before and after each policy implementation. Results. Significantly different percent changes were detected among the three regions that related to the four policies implemented. Percent change in uptake was consistently higher in the regions that were targeted for that specific policy. Conclusions. Analysis of ASIIS data revealed a major effect of hepatitis A policy recommendations on vaccine uptake in Arizona. Targeting high-risk populations through vaccine recommendations and child care entry requirements was highly successful in achieving higher vaccination coverage.
Parental Delay or Refusal of Vaccine Doses, Childhood Vaccination Coverage at 24 Months of Age, and the Health Belief Model
Authors: Smith Philip J. , Humiston Sharon G. , Marcuse Edgar K. , Zhao Zhen , Dorell Christina G. , Howes Cynthia , Hibbs Beth 
Published: January 2017

Objective. We evaluated the association between parents' beliefs about vaccines, their decision to delay or refuse vaccines for their children, and vaccination coverage of children at aged 24 months. Methods. We used data from 11,206 parents of children aged 24–35 months at the time of the 2009 National Immunization Survey interview and determined their vaccination status at aged 24 months. Data included parents' reports of delay and/or refusal of vaccine doses, psychosocial factors suggested by the Health Belief Model, and provider-reported up-to-date vaccination status. Results. In 2009, approximately 60.2% of parents with children aged 24–35 months neither delayed nor refused vaccines, 25.8% only delayed, 8.2% only refused, and 5.8% both delayed and refused vaccines. Compared with parents who neither delayed nor refused vaccines, parents who delayed and refused vaccines were significantly less likely to believe that vaccines are necessary to protect the health of children (70.1% vs. 96.2%), that their child might get a disease if they aren't vaccinated (71.0% vs. 90.0%), and that vaccines are safe (50.4% vs. 84.9%). Children of parents who delayed and refused also had significantly lower vaccination coverage for nine of the 10 recommended childhood vaccines including diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (65.3% vs. 85.2%), polio (76.9% vs. 93.8%), and measles-mumps-rubella (68.4% vs. 92.5%). After adjusting for sociodemographic differences, we found that parents who were less likely to agree that vaccines are necessary to protect the health of children, to believe that their child might get a disease if they aren't vaccinated, or to believe that vaccines are safe had significantly lower coverage for all 10 childhood vaccines. Conclusions. Parents who delayed and refused vaccine doses were more likely to have vaccine safety concerns and perceive fewer benefits associated with vaccines. Guidelines published by the American Academy of Pediatrics may assist providers in responding to parents who may delay or refuse vaccines.
Enforcement of Ohio's Smoke Free Workplace Law through the Lens of Public Health Practice
Authors: Bruckman David , Allan Terry , Stefanak Matthew , Pillai Aiswarya Chandran , Drabousky Aylin S. , Borawski Elaine A. , Frank Scott 
Published: January 2017

Objectives. Little is known about whether public health (PH) enforcement of Ohio's 2007 Smoke free Workplace Law (SFWPL) is associated with department (agency) characteristics, practice, or state reimbursement to local PH agencies for enforcement We used mixed methods to determine practice patterns, perceptions, and opinions among the PH workforce involved in enforcement to identify agency and workforce associations. Methods. Focus groups and phone interviews ( n=13) provided comments and identified issues in developing an online survey targeting PH workers through e-mail recruitment (433 addresses). Results. A total of 171 PH workers responded to the survey. Of Ohio's 88 counties, 81 (43% rural and 57% urban) were represented More urban than rural agencies agreed that SFWPL enforcement was worth the effort and cost (80% vs. 61%, p=0.021). the State Attorney general's collection of large outstanding fines was perceived as unreliable. An estimated 77% of agencies lose money on enforcement annually; 18% broke even, 56% attributed a financial loss to uncollected fines, and 63% occasionally or never fully recovered fines. About half of agency leaders (49%) felt that state reimbursements were inadequate to cover inspection costs Rural agencies (59%) indicated they would be more likely than urban agencies (40%) to drop enforcement if reimbursements ended ( p=0 0070) Prioritization of SFWPL vs. routine code enforcement differed between rural and urban agencies. Conclusions. these findings demonstrate the importance of increasing state health department financial support of local enforcement activities and improving collection of fines for noncompliance. Otherwise, many PH agencies, especially rural ones, will opt out, thereby increasing the state's burden to enforce SFWPL and challenging widespread public support for the law.
Courtship, drinking and control: a qualitative analysis of women's and men's experiences
Authors: Ferris Jacqueline 
Published: January 2017

A qualitative study of courtship, dating and drinking was under-taken with young adults in Toronto, Canada, in the summer of 1994. Those interviewed were between the ages of 18 and 34, heterosexual, had no children, occasionally drank alcohol, and had dated someone new at least once in the past year. This paper reports on one aspect of the analysis of the data from the 40 people (19 men and 21 women) interviewed. This study suggests that aggression is one response to conflicting views of a dating situation. The men and women interviewed had expectations for appropriate behavior when meeting potential mates and on initial dates, and in most cases those expectations were the same. However, where expectations differed, the men attempted to impose their framing of the situation, and the women generally resisted, attempting to limit the risk associated with this framing of the situation. The men and women interviewed used tactics such as persuasion, manipulation or even aggression to attempt to resolve this conflict, and to impose their own situational definitions.
The Tradition of Medical Missions in the Maelstrom of the International Health Arena
Authors: Jansen Gerard 
Published: January 2017

In the second half of this century, medical care developed international dimensions in a process of globalization. The history of international health dates back to the pioneering stage of medical missions and colonial medicine, which opened the Two-Thirds World for the influences of Western-oriented health care. This article reviews the evolution of public health work to what is now called international health work. The WHO-target of “Health for All by the Year 2000” is subjected to a critical appraisal. In the reflection on international health, global Christianity is challenged to address fundamental anthropological and ethical questions.
The validity of the Annual Review of Competence Progression: a qualitative interview study of the perceptions of junior doctors and their trainers
Authors: Viney Rowena , Rich Antonia , Needleman Sarah , Griffin Ann , Woolf Katherine 
Published: January 2017

Objective To investigate trainee doctors’ and trainers’ perceptions of the validity of the Annual Review of Competence Progression (ARCP) using Messick’s conceptualisation of construct validity. Design Qualitative semi-structured focus groups and interviews with trainees and trainers. Setting Postgraduate medical training in London, Kent Surrey and Sussex, Yorkshire and Humber, and Wales in November/December 2015. Part of a larger study about the fairness of postgraduate medical training. Participants Ninety-six trainees and 41 trainers, comprising UK and international medical graduates from Foundation, General Practice, Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Psychiatry, Radiology, and Surgery, at all levels of training. Main outcome measures Trainee and trainer perceptions of the validity of the ARCP as an assessment tool. Results Participants recognised the need for assessment, but were generally dissatisfied with ARCPs, especially UK graduate trainees. Participants criticised the perceived tick-box nature of ARCPs as measuring clerical rather than clinical ability, and which they found detrimental to learning. Trainees described being able to populate their e-portfolios with just positive feedback; they also experienced difficulty getting assessments signed off by supervisors. ARCPs were perceived as poor at identifying struggling trainees and/or as discouraging excellence by focussing on minimal competency. Positive experiences of ARCPs arose when trainees could discuss their progress with interested supervisors. Conclusions Trainee and trainer criticisms of ARCPs can be conceptualised as evidence that ARCPs lack validity as an assessment tool. Ongoing reforms to workplace-based assessments could address negative perceptions of the ‘tick-box’ elements, encourage constructive input from seniors and allow trainees to demonstrate excellence as well as minimal competency, while keeping patients safe.
Relationship between Surgically Treated Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome and Body Mass Index
Authors: Jan Taha A. , Cheng Yew Song , Landegger Lukas D. , Lin Brian M. , Srikanth Priya , Niesten Marlien E. F. , Lee Daniel J. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveExamine the association between body mass index (BMI) and superior canal dehiscence (SCD) among patients who have undergone surgical repair for superior canal dehiscence.Study DesignRetrospective comparison study.SettingNeurotology tertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsRetrospective review of consecutive adult patients evaluated at our institution for SCD syndrome between November 2006 and August 2015. A control group who underwent imaging within the same period for reasons other than SCD was also included. Patient demographics, weight, and height were examined. We performed multiple subgroup analyses to investigate the relationship of BMI, surgery vs no surgery, and correlation between patient BMI and SCD size.ResultsOf the 268 patients with SCD, 99 underwent surgery; 96 of these patients had complete medical records and were eligible for inclusion. Eighty‐eight patients were noted to have arcuate eminence defects, and the mean BMI of this surgical cohort was 28.09 ± 5.26 kg/m2. Nonsurgically treated patients with SCD with available data (n = 94) had a mean BMI of 27.97 ± 6.95 kg/m2. A control group of 204 patients who underwent computed tomography for non‐SCD‐related causes was analyzed, of whom 155 had available data with a mean BMI of 27.91 ± 6.38 kg/m2.ConclusionWe demonstrate that adult patients who undergo surgery for SCD are not obese (mean BMI <30), and size of dehiscence poorly correlates with BMI. Our observations call into question the proposed theory that patient weight is a risk factor for the development of symptomatic SCD involving the arcuate eminence.
Validation of the Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality‐of‐Life Scale (PANQOL) for Spanish‐Speaking Patients
Authors: Medina Maria del Mar , Carrillo Alvaro , Polo Ruben , Fernandez Borja , Alonso Daniel , Vaca Miguel , Cordero Adela , Perez Cecilia , Muriel Alfonso , Cobeta Ignacio 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo perform translation, cross‐cultural adaptation, and validation of the Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality‐of‐Life Scale (PANQOL) to the Spanish language.Study DesignProspective study.SettingTertiary neurotologic referral center.Subjects and MethodsPANQOL was translated and translated back, and a pretest trial was performed. The study included 27 individuals diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma. Inclusion criteria were adults with untreated vestibular schwannoma, diagnosed in the past 12 months. Feasibility, internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, construct validity, and ceiling and floor effects were assessed for the present study.ResultsThe mean overall score of the PANQOL was 69.21 (0‐100 scale, lowest to highest quality of life). Cronbach’s α was 0.87. Intraclass correlation coefficient was performed for each item, with an overall score of 0.92. The κ coefficient scores were between moderate and almost perfect in more than 92% of patients. Anxiety and energy domains of the PANQOL were correlated with both physical and mental components of the SF‐12. Hearing, balance, and pain domains were correlated with the SF‐12 physical component. Facial and general domains were not significantly correlated with any component of the SF‐12. Furthermore, the overall score of the PANQOL was correlated with the physical component of the SF‐12.ConclusionFeasibility, internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity outcomes in the current study support the validity of the Spanish version of the PANQOL.
Long‐Term Incidence of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency and Other Sequelae following Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Authors: Tang Jessica A. , Salapatas Anna M. , Bonzelaar Lauren B. , Friedman Michael 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to (1) assess incidence of long‐term velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) and (2) determine other sequelae following classic and modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP and mUPPP) for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Data SourcesMedline, PubMed, Cochrane Library database.Review MethodsA systematic review was performed following standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Original research articles reporting on sequelae of UPPP and mUPPP for treatment of OSA, at a mean of 1 year follow‐up, were included. Articles were retrieved using keywords UPPP complications and UPPP questionnaire. A random‐effects model was used for pooling data.ResultsA total of 24 studies were included in this review. Complications included VPI (24 studies, n = 191), difficulty swallowing (7 studies, n = 83), taste disturbances (4 studies, n = 10), voice changes (7 studies, n = 46), foreign body (9 studies, n = 427), and dry pharynx (7 studies, n = 150). When pooling all studies together, VPI was the least common sequelae reported in 8.1% of the cases. Foreign body sensation was the most commonly reported sequelae at 31.2%, with difficulty swallowing (17.7%), dry pharynx (23.4%), voice changes (9.5%), and taste disturbances (8.2%) being the most to least likely.ConclusionsThe long‐term effectiveness of UPPP and mUPPP is limited by the number of studies reporting short‐term follow‐up only. Despite this, long‐term data suggest that complications such as VPI are more common than previously reported. Other sequelae, such as foreign body sensation, may be one of the most frequently expected complications after UPPP surgery.