bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kindeswohlgefährdung: (k)ein Thema!?
Authors: Grau Katharina , Mayer Lea , Haun Maria , Lamp Natalie , Berthold Oliver , Barzel Anne , Fegert Jörg M. , Rothermund Eva , Oexle Nathalie , Clemens Vera , Rassenhofer Miriam 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Studien zeigen, dass Kindesmisshandlung in Deutschland häufig ist. Auch im Gesundheitssystem ergeben sich Handlungsimplikationen insbesondere im Hinblick auf das Erkennen von Hinweisen auf Misshandlung sowie die Einleitung von Hilfen. In der Primärversorgung tätigen Ärzt:innen kommt hierbei eine wichtige Schlüsselfunktion zu. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Awareness, Kompetenzerleben und Fortbildungsbedarfe bezüglicher dieser Thematik bei in Deutschland hausärztlich tätigen Ärzt:innen zu beschreiben.

Material und Methoden
Deskriptive Beschreibung der Daten der Medizinischen Kinderschutzhotline von Telefonanrufen (N = 59) aus dem hausärztlichen und ambulanten internistischen Feld im Zeitraum von Juli 2017 bis Dezember 2021. Zudem erfolgte die qualitative Auswertung von semistrukturierten Interviews mit 15 hausärztlich tätigen Ärzt:innen, die im Rahmen eines Needs-Assessments zur Vorbereitung der Entwicklung eines E‑Learning-Curriculums für hausärztlich tätige Ärzt:innen zu psychosozialen Themen erfolgten.

Ergebnisse
In den Daten der Medizinischen Kinderschutzhotline zeigte sich eine bislang geringe Anzahl von Anrufen aus dem hausärztlichen Feld. Beratungsanliegen bezogen sich insbesondere auf das weitere Vorgehen im Jugendhilfekontext, vorliegende Befunde und Gesprächsführung. Unter den Befragten des Needs-Assessments bildeten sich unter den Interviewten bislang wenig Berührungspunkte mit dem Thema ab, jedoch wurden Unsicherheiten u. a. im Hinblick auf das Erkennen von Kinderschutzfällen und die Gesprächsführung genannt.

Diskussion
Grundsätzlich scheint eine bislang eher moderate Awareness bezüglich möglicher Kinderschutzfälle im hausärztlichen Behandlungskontext zu bestehen. Die Beratungsanliegen bei der Medizinischen Kinderschutzhotline ähnelten den Herausforderungen und Unsicherheiten, die sich aus den qualitativen Interviews ableiten ließen. Die Forschungsergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass in der Primärversorgung Schulungsbedarf in Bezug auf das Erkennen kinderschutzrelevanter Problemlagen und das Einleiten erster weiterführender Schritte besteht.
Removing nonrigid refractive distortions for underwater images using an attention-based deep neural network
Authors: Li Tengyue , Song Jiayi , Song Zhiyu , Ablimit Arapat , Chen Long 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRefractive distortions in underwater images usually occur when these images are captured through a dynamic refractive water surface, such as unmanned aerial vehicles capturing shallow underwater scenes from the surface of water or autonomous underwater vehicles observing floating platforms in the air. We propose an end-to-end deep neural network for learning to restore real scene images for removing refractive distortions. This network adopts an encoder-decoder architecture with a specially designed attention module. The use of the attention image and the distortion field generated by the proposed deep neural network can restore the exact distorted areas in more detail. Qualitative and quantitative experimental results show that the proposed framework effectively eliminates refractive distortions and refines image details. We also test the proposed framework in practical applications by embedding it into an NVIDIA JETSON TX2 platform, and the results demonstrate the practical value of the proposed framework.
Can meta-omics revolutionize our understanding of rumen methane emissions?
Authors: Zhao Huiying , Bai Sarula , Tan Jian , Liu Ming , Zhao Yuchao , Jiang Linshu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The global challenge of methane emissions from enteric fermentation is critical, as it contributes significantly to atmospheric greenhouse gases and represents a loss of energy that could otherwise be utilized by ruminants. With the increasing demand for dairy and meat products, finding effective methods to reduce methane production is essential. This review explores the use of advanced meta-omics techniques – including metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics – to deepen our understanding of ruminal methane production and identify potential strategies for its mitigation. These high-throughput technologies provide comprehensive insights into the rumen microbial communities and their metabolic functions by analyzing DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites directly from environmental samples. Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics offer a detailed view of microbial diversity and gene expression, while metaproteomics can identify specific enzymes and proteins directly involved in methane production pathways, revealing potential targets for mitigation strategies. Integrating these meta-omics approaches allows for a holistic understanding of the microbial processes that drive methane emissions, enabling the development of more precise interventions, such as tailored dietary modifications and the use of specific inhibitors. This review underscores the importance of a multi-omics strategy in characterizing microbial roles and interactions within the rumen, which is crucial for devising effective and sustainable methods to reduce methane emissions without compromising livestock productivity.
Real-world effectiveness of fidaxomicin in patients at high risk of Clostridioides difficile recurrence
Authors: Colwell Benjamin , Aguilar Jennifer , Hughes Frances , Goriacko Pavel , Chen Victor , Chang Mei , Bartash Rachel , Guo Yi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Compare the real-world impact of fidaxomicin (FDX) and vancomycin (VAN) on Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) recurrence in a high-risk patient population.

Design:
A retrospective, matched-cohort study evaluating hospitalized patients with CDI from January 1, 2016, to November 1, 2022, within a tertiary academic medical center.

Patients:
Adult patients with at least 1 prior CDI case who received either FDX or VAN for non-fulminant CDI while admitted, and had at least 1 additional risk factor for recurrence. Risk factors included age >70, solid organ or bone marrow transplant recipients, broad-spectrum antibiotic use within 30 days, or receipt of chemotherapy/immune-modulating agents within 30 days of admission. FDX and VAN patients were matched according to risk factors.

Results:
A total of 415 patient admissions were identified. After the exclusion of 92 patients for fulminant CDI, diarrhea from another cause, or use of VAN taper therapy, and 15 unmatched patients, 308 patient admissions were included (68 FDX and 240 VAN patients). There were no significant differences in 4-week recurrence (26% vs 23%; OR 1.1; P = .51), 90-day CDI readmission (29% vs 23%; P = .65), or 90-day all-cause readmission (54% vs 53%; P = .91). There was a significant 17% decrease in 90-day mortality associated with the use of FDX (OR .3; P = .04).

Conclusions:
In a real-world high-risk patient population, the use of FDX compared to oral VAN did not result in decreased CDI recurrence within 4 weeks or fewer hospital readmissions within 90 days. Further research is needed to better assess the value of FDX in this patient population.
Duty and Deontology
Authors: Herman Barbara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA too rarely emphasized feature of modern deontological ethics is the structure of its directives. Faced with alternatives, the question for the moral agent is “which, if either, must I perform (or avoid)?” Getting it right, one is, morally speaking, done…until the next set of freighted options presents. We should wonder whether this makes sense: whether there is not a more complex structure to deontological requirements that resists the “one and done” idea. Rehabilitating the Kantian idea of duty as a value-based deliberative principle, I argue for a more plausible deontology whose requirements are often temporally extended and interpersonally complex.
Sentiment analysis of code-mixed Dravidian languages leveraging pretrained model and word-level language tag
Authors: Chanda Supriya , Mishra Anshika , Pal Sukomal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe exponential growth of social media data in the era of Web 2.0 has necessitated advanced techniques for sentiment analysis. While sentiment analysis in monolingual datasets has received significant attention that in code-mixed datasets still need to be studied more. Code-mixed data often contain a mixture of monolingual content (might be in transliterated form), single-script but multilingual content, and multi-script multilingual content. This paper explores the issue from three important angles. What will be the best strategy to deal with the data for sentiment detection? Whether to train the classifier with the whole of the dataset or only with the pure code-mixed subset from the dataset? How much important is the language identification (LID) for the task? If LID is to be done, how, and when will it be used to yield the best performance? We explore the questions in the light of three datasets of Tamil–English, Kannada–English, and Malayalam–English YouTube social media comments. Our solution incorporated mBERT and an optional LID module. We report our results using a set of metrics like precision, recall,
$F_1$
score, and accuracy. The solutions provide considerable performance gain and some interesting insights for sentiment analysis from code-mixed data.
First report of the association between Wolbachia and Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): effect on life history parameters of the parasitoid
Authors: Silva Nadja Nara P. , Carvalho Vanessa R. , Silva Carolane B. , Bomfim João Pedro A. , Ramos Gabryele S. , Oliveira Regiane C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe symbiosis between microorganisms and host arthropods can cause biological, physiological, and reproductive changes in the host population. The present study aimed to survey facultative symbionts of the genera Wolbachia, Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Rickettsia, and Nosema in Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in the laboratory and evaluate the influence of infection on the fitness of these hosts. For this purpose, 16S rDNA primers were used to detect these facultative symbionts in the host species, and the hosts' biological and morphological features were evaluated for changes resulting from the infection caused by these microorganisms. The bacterial symbionts studied herein were not detected in the D. saccharalis samples analysed, but the endosymbiont Wolbachia was detected in C. flavipes and altered the biological and morphological aspects of this parasitoid insect. The results of this study may help to elucidate the role of Wolbachia in maintaining the quality of populations/lineages of C. flavipes.
Performance and trust in child protection systems: a comparative analysis of England and Norway
Authors: Hassan Bilal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Research on the relationship between performance and trust is commonplace in social sciences, yet trust in child protection systems (CPS) remains an emerging area of study. This research delves into how three dimensions of performance – distributive justice, procedural fairness, and functional effectiveness – affect trust in CPS in England and Norway, drawing insights from organisational and social psychology literature. A cross-sectional survey collected data from 981 individuals in England and 1,140 in Norway. Results suggest that procedural fairness and the competences indicator of functional effectiveness significantly and positively impact trust in CPS in both countries. Resources significantly influence trust in Norway’s CPS, while distributive justice has no impact on trust in either country’s CPS. These findings hold theoretical and practical implications for trust in CPS.
Constraints on verbal -s/zero marking: New insights from Norwich
Authors: Britain David , Rupp Laura 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHere we investigate present tense verbal -s/zero variability in a dialect of Eastern England in which -s marking can only appear in third-person singular contexts. Our objective is to explore constraints on -s/zero marking, and to consider the grammatical function of -s in such a variety. In order to investigate this, we reanalyzed verbal -s/zero marking in 63 sociolinguistic interviews found in Peter Trudgill’s (1974) corpus from Norwich. The results show not only a significant role for subject animacy (animate subjects mark -s less than inanimates) and lexical (punctual verbs mark -s less than duratives) and structural aspect (punctual and habitual events mark less -s than durative ones), but also an interaction between animacy and aspect. To account for the findings, we draw upon the notion of differential subject marking (e.g., Aissen, 2003), which considers the role of the canonicity of arguments in accounting for morphological marking.
Tracking Agulhas Leakage in the South Atlantic Using Modern Planktic Foraminifera Nitrogen Isotopes
Authors: Granger R. , Smart S. M. , Foreman A. , Auderset A. , Campbell E. C. , Marshall T. A. , Haug G. H. , Sigman D. M. , Martínez‐García A. , Fawcett S. E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSeawater transported into the South Atlantic from the Indian Ocean via “Agulhas leakage” modulates global ocean circulation and has been linked to glacial‐interglacial climate cycles. However, constraining past Agulhas leakage has been a challenge. We sampled a transect of the Cape Basin in winter 2017 that intersected a mature Agulhas eddy and found that the 15N/14N ratio (δ15N) of mixed‐layer nitrate, zooplankton, and foraminifera (tissue and shells) was 2‰–3‰ lower in the eddy than in the background Atlantic even though the δ15N of the underlying thermocline nitrate was indistinguishable between the two settings. We suggest that the δ15N of foraminifera and other zooplankton in the eddy reflects the original Agulhas Current thermocline nitrate, which is ∼2‰ lower than that of the South Atlantic due to N2 fixation that occurs in the Indian Ocean. Foraminifera δ15N may have been lowered further during eddy migration by in situ N2 fixation and/or recycling of low‐δ15N ammonium. The absence of low‐δ15N Agulhas nitrate in the eddy thermocline can be explained by partial assimilation of the nitrate as it was mixed into the euphotic zone during and after eddy formation, raising its δ15N. The low δ15N of eddy foraminifera, apparent even after several months of eddy migration across the Cape Basin, suggests that fossil foraminifer‐bound δ15N from the region could record variations in past Agulhas leakage.
A Lake at the Mt. Fuji (Lake Motosu) Recording Prolonged Negative Arctic Oscillation as Reduction of Aeolian Dust Due To Westerly Pathways During the Holocene
Authors: Nemoto Karin , Yokoyama Yusuke , Obrochta Stephen P. , Miyairi Yosuke , Fujiwara Osamu , Yamamoto Shinya , Nakamura Atsunori , Hubert‐Ferrari Aurélia , Heyvaert Vanessa , De Batist Marc 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEast Asia is a major source of dust accounting for 20% of the global dust emission. Work on reconstructing past changes in dust transport in East Asia is complicated by difficulties in distinguishing local sedimentation from aerial material and lack of suitable material for age determination. Here, we address these issues and present a new dust proxy record from Lake Motosu, located on the Pacific side of Japan. The record is anchored by a high‐quality tephra and radiocarbon chronology. Because Lake Motosu is situated in a quartz‐free basaltic volcanic province, all quartz deposited in the lake is likely to be aerially sourced, and variations in quartz content should reflect past changes in dust transport. Our new record detects a low dust deposition event from 3.0 to 2.0 ka. This event corresponds to elevated sea surface temperature in the Sea of Japan and climate conditions similar to a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation, indicating an association with the weakened Westerlies and with less frequent dust storms in the source region. The increase in spatial resolution of past dust transport reconstructions will further improve our understanding of the mechanism related to dust emission from East Asia.
Three Atmospheric Patterns Dominate Decadal North Atlantic Overturning Variability
Authors: Stephenson Dafydd , Amrhein Daniel E. , Thompson LuAnne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAtlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) variability originates from a large number of interacting processes with multiple time scales, with dominant processes dependent on both the latitude and timescale of interest. Here, we isolate the optimal atmospheric modes driving climate‐relevant decadal AMOC variability using a novel approach combining dynamical and statistical attribution (dynamics‐weighted principal component, or DPC analysis). We find that for both the subpolar (55°N) and subtropical (25°N) AMOC, the most effective independent mode of heat flux forcing closely resembles the North Atlantic Oscillation, and drives meridionally coherent AMOC anomalies through western boundary density anomalies. Conversely, established modes of wind stress variability possess limited quantitative similarity to the optimal wind stress patterns, which generate low‐frequency AMOC fluctuations by rearranging the ocean buoyancy field. We demonstrate (by running a modified version of the ECCOv4r4 state estimate) that most AMOC variability on decadal time scales can be explained by the DPCs.
Full Waveform Inversion Based on Dynamic Time Warping and Application to Reveal the Crustal Structure of Western Yunnan, Southwest China
Authors: Tan Jiayan , Wang Weitao , Langston Charles 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe develop a 3D full waveform inversion (FWI) method based on dynamic time warping (DTW) to address the issue of cycle‐skipping, which can prohibit the convergence of conventional FWI methods. DTW globally compares data samples at different time steps in 2D matrices against the time shifts of waveforms. We introduce the concept of shape descriptors into softDTW, creating a soft‐shapeDTW objective function within our waveform inversion process to improve alignment accuracy. Additionally, including constraints from Sakoe‐Chiba bands in the inversion further enhances efficiency and overall performance. A synthetic test has shown that the soft‐shapeDTW inversion outperforms conventional waveform inversions in overcoming the cycle‐skipping challenges that arise from poor initial models. This method was applied to fit observed seismograms to reveal western Yunnan's crustal structure. Seismic waveforms were recorded by 88 broadband stations from 10 local earthquakes, which were then denoised using a continuous wavelet transform method. Generalized cut and paste waveform inversions were used to determine the source parameters of these seismic events. Our inversion well‐aligned various seismic phases in the selected time windows of seismograms, and the resolved velocity models well associate with local geological structure. Results suggest that the soft‐shapeDTW inversion offers a robust alternative to FWI, reducing the reliance on accurate starting models.
Wind‐Driven Along‐Coast Pressure Gradients in the Middle Atlantic Bight
Authors: Lentz Steven J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlong‐shelf wind stresses drive substantial along‐coast variations in sea level that result in significant along‐coast pressure gradients in the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) at time scales from days to years. Forty years of sea‐level data and reanalysis wind stresses are examined to determine the characteristics and dynamics of pressure gradients along the New England and Central MAB coasts. Along‐coast dynamic sea level (pressure) gradients often exceed 5 cm/100 km at daily time scales, 2 cm/100 km at monthly time scales and 0.2 cm/100 km at yearly time scales. Along‐shelf wind stresses account for more than 50% of the along‐coast pressure gradient variance at daily and monthly time scales and more than 25% at yearly time scales. Pressure gradients along the New England coast are primarily driven by local wind stresses along the New England shelf, while pressure gradients along the Central MAB shelf are driven by both local wind stresses along the Central MAB shelf and remote wind stresses along the New England shelf. A steady depth‐average model (Csanady, 1978, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520‐0485(1978)008<0047:tatw>2.0.co;2) accurately reproduces the wind‐driven along‐coast pressure gradients in both regions. The along‐coast pressure gradients typically oppose the local wind stress and, in the along‐shelf momentum balance, are 50%–80% of the along‐shelf wind stress over the inner shelf (water depth 15 m).
Determinants of survival after first relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Children’s Oncology Group study
Authors: Rheingold Susan R. , Bhojwani Deepa , Ji Lingyun , Xu Xinxin , Devidas Meenakshi , Kairalla John A. , Shago Mary , Heerema Nyla A. , Carroll Andrew J. , Breidenbach Heather , Borowitz Michael , Wood Brent L. , Angiolillo Anne L. , Asselin Barbara L. , Bowman W. Paul , Brown Patrick , Dreyer ZoAnn E. , Dunsmore Kimberly P. , Hilden Joanne M. , Larsen Eric , Maloney Kelly , Matloub Yousif , Mattano Leonard A. , Winter Stuart S. , Gore Lia , Winick Naomi J. , Carroll William L. , Hunger Stephen P. , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Loh Mignon L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLimited prognostic factors have been associated with overall survival (OS) post-relapse in childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Patients enrolled on 12 Children’s Oncology Group frontline ALL trials (1996–2014) were analyzed to assess for additional prognostic factors associated with OS post-relapse. Among 16,115 patients, 2053 (12.7%) relapsed. Relapse rates were similar for B-ALL (12.5%) and T-ALL (11.2%) while higher for infants (34.2%). Approximately 50% of B-ALL relapses occurred late (≥36 months) and 72.5% involved the marrow. Conversely, 64.8% of T-ALL relapses occurred early (<18 months) and 47.1% involved the central nervous system. The 5-year OS post-relapse for the entire cohort was 48.9 ± 1.2%; B-ALL:52.5 ± 1.3%, T-ALL:35.5 ± 3.3%, and infant ALL:21.5 ± 3.9%. OS varied by early, intermediate and late time-to-relapse; 25.8 ± 2.4%, 49.5 ± 2.2%, and 66.4 ± 1.8% respectively for B-ALL and 29.8 ± 3.9%, 33.3 ± 7.6%, 58 ± 9.8% for T-ALL. Patients with ETV6::RUNX1 or Trisomy 4 + 10 had median time-to-relapse of 43 months and higher OS post-relapse 74.4 ± 3.1% and 70.2 ± 3.6%, respectively. Patients with hypodiploidy, KMT2A-rearrangement, and TCF3::PBX1 had short median time-to-relapse (12.5-18 months) and poor OS post-relapse (14.2 ± 6.1%, 31.9 ± 7.7%, 36.8 ± 6.6%). Site-of-relapse varied by cytogenetic subtype. This large dataset provided the opportunity to identify risk factors for OS post-relapse to inform trial design and highlight populations with dismal outcomes post-relapse.