bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concise Review: Cell Therapies for Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury: Targeting Microglia
Authors: Savitz Sean I. , Cox Charles S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present a model hypothesis of how several types of cell therapies may target microglia as one of the principal cell types contributing to the inflammatory response after brain injury and discuss how imaging of brain inflammation could potentially be applied to develop biomarkers in patients with stroke and TBI enrolled into stem cell clinical trials.
Channel modeling for visible light communications—a survey
Authors: Qiu Yang , Chen Hsiao‐Hwa , Meng Wei‐Xiao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractVisible light communication (VLC) is a newly emerging technology, which integrates communications and lighting purposes, and has become a very active research topic in the areas of wireless communications. It is expected to become an important part of the next generation wireless communications because of its unique features in using unlicensed spectrum, support of high data rate, and its resistance to electromagnetic interferences. In this survey paper, we begin with a review on the basis of photometry, which is used to establish channel models of VLC systems. Then, we will continue to address various issues on the fundamental characteristic features of VLC systems, the impact of indoor environments on system performance, and the analysis and discussions of five different types of typical VLC channel models and other related parameters in VLC channel models. Finally, in terms of the future works, we will show the possible follow‐up research focuses and directions as an effort to identify some new research topics on VLCs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Periodontal disease's contribution to Alzheimer's disease progression in Down syndrome
Authors: Kamer Angela R. , Fortea Juan O. , Videla Sebastià , Mayoral Angela , Janal Malvin , Carmona‐Iragui Maria , Benejam Bessy , Craig Ronald G. , Saxena Deepak , Corby Patricia , Glodzik Lidia , Annam Kumar Raghava Chowdary , Robbins Miriam , de Leon Mony J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPeople with Down syndrome (DS) are at an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). After 60 years of age, >50% of DS subjects acquire dementia. Nevertheless, the age of onset is highly variable possibly because of both genetic and environmental factors. Genetics cannot be modified, but environmental risk factors present a potentially relevant intervention for DS persons at risk for AD. Among them, inflammation, important in AD of DS type, is potential target. Consistent with this hypothesis, chronic peripheral inflammation and infections may contribute to AD pathogenesis in DS. People with DS have an aggressive form of periodontitis characterized by rapid progression, significant bacterial and inflammatory burden, and an onset as early as 6 years of age. This review offers a hypothetical mechanistic link between periodontitis and AD in the DS population. Because periodontitis is a treatable condition, it may be a readily modifiable risk factor for AD.
Subjective memory decline predicts greater rates of clinical progression in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Buckley Rachel F. , Maruff Paul , Ames David , Bourgeat Pierrick , Martins Ralph N. , Masters Colin L. , Rainey‐Smith Stephanie , Lautenschlager Nicola , Rowe Christopher C. , Savage Greg , Villemagne Victor L. , Ellis Kathryn A. ,   AIBL study
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to determine the utility of subjective memory decline (SMD) to predict episodic memory change and rates of clinical progression in cognitively normal older adults with evidence of high β‐amyloid burden (CN Aβ+).MethodsFifty‐eight CN Aβ+ participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle study responded to an SMD questionnaire and underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessments. Participant data for three follow‐up assessments were analyzed.ResultsIn CN Aβ+, subjects with high SMD did not exhibit significantly greater episodic memory decline than those with low SMD. High SMD was related to greater rates of progression to mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia (hazard ratio = 5.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–20.0, P = .02) compared with low SMD. High SMD was associated with greater depressive symptomatology and smaller left hippocampal volume.DiscussionHigh SMD is a harbinger of greater rates of clinical progression in preclinical AD. Although SMD reflects broader diagnostic implications for CN Aβ+, more sensitive measures may be required to detect early subtle cognitive change.
Health-Related Quality of Life, Psychological Distress, and Sexual Changes Following Prostate Cancer: A Comparison of Gay and Bisexual Men with Heterosexual Men
Authors: Ussher Jane M. , Perz Janette , Kellett Andrew , Chambers Suzanne , Latini David , Davis Ian D. , Rose Duncan , Dowsett Gary W. , Williams Scott 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionDecrements in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and sexual difficulties are a recognized consequence of prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. However little is known about the experience of gay and bisexual (GB) men.AimHRQOL and psychosexual predictors of HRQOL were examined in GB and heterosexual men with PCa to inform targeted health information and support.MethodOne hundred twenty-four GB and 225 heterosexual men with PCa completed a range of validated psychosexual instruments.Main outcome measureFunctional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Prostate (FACT-P) was used to measure HRQOL, with validated psychosexual measures, and demographic and treatment variables used as predictors.ResultsGB men were significantly younger (64.25 years) than heterosexual men (71.54 years), less likely to be in an ongoing relationship, and more likely to have casual sexual partners. Compared with age-matched population norms, participants in both groups reported significantly lower sexual functioning and HRQOL, increased psychological distress, disruptions to dyadic sexual communication, and lower masculine self-esteem, sexual confidence, and sexual intimacy. In comparison with heterosexual men, GB men reported significantly lower HRQOL (P = .046), masculine self-esteem (P &lt; .001), and satisfaction with treatment (P = .013); higher psychological distress (P = .005), cancer related distress (P &lt; .001) and ejaculatory concern (P &lt; .001); and higher sexual functioning (P &lt; .001) and sexual confidence (P = .001). In regression analysis, psychological distress, cancer-related distress, masculine self-esteem, and satisfaction with treatment were predictors of HRQOL for GB men (R2Adj = .804); psychological distress and sexual confidence were predictors for heterosexual men (R2Adj = .690).ConclusionThese findings confirm differences between GB and heterosexual men in the impact of PCa on HRQOL across a range of domains, suggesting there is a need for GB targeted PCa information and support, to address the concerns of this “hidden population” in PCa care.
Beyond Anal Sex: Sexual Practices of Men Who Have Sex with Men and Associations with HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Rice Cara E. , Maierhofer Courtney , Fields Karen S. , Ervin Melissa , Lanza Stephanie T. , Turner Abigail Norris 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionUnprotected anal intercourse is often used as a single indicator of risky behavior in men who have sex with men (MSM), yet MSM engage in a variety of behaviors that have unknown associations with sexually transmitted infection (STI) and HIV.AimTo assess the prevalence of a wide range of sexual behaviors and their associations with prevalent STI and HIV.MethodsWe used a standardized, self-administered survey to collect behavioral data for this cross-sectional study of 235 MSM seeking care in a public clinic for sexually transmitted diseases.Mean Outcome MeasuresUsing modified Poisson regression, we generated unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) to characterize associations between recent participation in each behavior and prevalent STI and HIV.ResultsParticipants' median age was 26 years. One third (35%) were positive for STI. STI prevalence was significantly associated with using sex slings (adjusted PR [aPR] = 2.35), felching (aPR = 2.22), group sex (aPR = 1.86), fisting (aPR = 1.78), anonymous sex (aPR = 1.51), and sex toys (aPR = 1.46). HIV prevalence was 17% and was significantly associated with fisting (aPR = 4.75), felching (aPR = 4.22), enemas (aPR = 3.65), and group sex (aPR = 1.92).ConclusionMultiple behaviors were significantly associated with prevalent STI and HIV in adjusted analyses. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of sexual risk in MSM, prospective studies are needed to examine whether these behaviors are causally associated with HIV and STI acquisition.
Evolution of the rhytidectomy
Authors: Barrett Dane M. , Casanueva Fernando J. , Wang Tom D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSince the advent of facelift surgery, there has been a progressive evolution in technique. Methods of dissection trended towards progressively aggressive surgery with deeper dissection for repositioning of ptotic facial tissues. In recent decades, the pendulum has swung towards more minimally invasive options. Likewise, there has been a shift in focus from repositioning alone to the addition of volumization for facial rejuvenation. The techniques in this article are reviewed in a chronologic fashion with a focus on historical development as well as brief discussion on efficacy in relation to the other existing options. There is currently no gold standard technique with a plethora of options with comparable efficacy. There is controversy over which approach is optimal and future research is needed to better delineate optimal treatment options, which may vary based on the patient.
Virtual manufacturing of composite aerostructures
Authors: D’Mello R. J. , Maiarù M. , Waas A. M. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe past century has witnessed the rise and maturity of the flying machine, starting with the Wright brothers flyer to today’s modern passenger aircrafts and warfighters. At the start of this century, yet another achievement in flying vehicle technology was seen with the launch of the Boeing 787 aircraft, which has a significant portion by weight of polymer matrix fibre composites. This paper, therefore, addresses the effects of the manufacturing process of fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites on mechanical performance. Computations are carried out using the Finite Element (FE) method at the microscale where Representative Volume Elements (RVEs) are analysed with Periodic Boundary Conditions (PBCs). Straight fibre pre-preg-based composites and textile composites are considered. The commercial code ABAQUS is used as the solver for the FE equations, supplemented by user-written subroutines. The transition from a continuum to damage/failure is effected by using the Bažant-Oh crack band model, which preserves mesh objectivity. Results are presented for RVEs that are first subjected to curing and subsequently to mechanical loading. The effect of the fibre packing randomness on the microstructure is examined by considering multifibre RVEs where fibre volume fraction is held constant but with random packing of fibres. Plain weave textile composites are also cured first and then subjected to mechanical loads. The possibility of failure is accommodated throughout the analysis – failure can take place during the curing process even prior to the application of in-service mechanical loads. The analysis shows the differences in both the cured RVE strength and stiffness, when cure-induced damage has and has not been taken into account.
Aircraft engines: a proud heritage and an exciting future
Authors: Parker R. , Fedder G. 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYThe 150th anniversary of the Royal Aeronautical Society has seen Rolls-Royce become a global player in aerospace and a champion of British industry. Its products vary from the nimble RR300, powering two-seater helicopters, all the way to the 97,000-pound thrust Trent XWB, powering future variants of the Airbus A350, and the MT30, which provides the propulsion for the Royal Navy's new Queen Elizabeth class aircraft carriers. It has built this range of products derived from the vision and innovation of its talented engineers, spurred on by the guiding principles provided by Henry Royce. This has seen it through times of war, hardship, bankruptcy and fierce competition to emerge as the leading manufacturer of aircraft engines and a provider of power across land and sea. Alongside its products, it has developed pioneering services to support its customers, analysing real-time data to improve the reliability and efficiency of its engines. In keeping with its tradition of innovation, the company is continuing to develop new products and services for the next generation of power systems for land, sea and air.
Setting an Agenda for the Socio-Legal Study of Contemporary Buddhism
Authors: SCHONTHAL Benjamin , GINSBURG Tom 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis introduction to the special issue on Buddhism and law lays out an agenda for the socio-legal study of contemporary Buddhism. We identify lacunae in the current literature and call for further work on four themes: the relations between monastic legal practice and state law; the formations of Buddhist constitutionalism; Buddhist legal activism and Buddhist-interest litigation; and Buddhist moral critiques of law. We argue that this agenda is important for advancing Buddhist studies and for the comparative study of law and legal institutions.
Engaging Active Bystanders in Mass Casualty Events and Other Life-Threatening Emergencies: A Pilot Training Course Demonstration
Authors: Smith Tracey O. , Baker Susan D. , Roberts Kathryn , Payne Skip A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEmerging research indicates the critical role members of the public can play in saving lives and reducing morbidity at the scene in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. It is anticipated that with training, more members of the public will be ready and able to assist should they be present at mass casualty events or other circumstances in which there are serious injuries or potential loss of life. This article describes a training course developed by multiple federal and nonfederal partners aimed at preparing the public to become “active bystanders” followed by a pilot demonstration project conducted by Medical Reserve Corps Units. The outcomes of the project indicated that the training was comprehensive and appropriate for members of the public with little or no first aid knowledge. National availability of the “Becoming an Active Bystander” training course is currently being planned. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:286–292).
A multidisciplinary robust optimisation framework for UAV conceptual design
Authors: Van Nguyen N. , Lee J.-W. , Lee Y.-D. , Park H.-U. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper describes a multidisciplinary robust optimisation framework for UAV conceptual design. An in-house configuration designer system is implemented to generate the full sets of configuration data for a well-developed advanced UAV analysis tool. A fully integrated configuration designer along with the UAV analysis tool ensures that full sets of configuration data are provided simultaneously while the UAV configuration changes during optimisation. The computational strategy for probabilistic analysis is proposed by implementing a central difference method and fitting distribution for a reduced number of Monte Carlo Simulation sampling points. The minimisation of a new robust design objective function helps to enhance the reliability while other UAV performance criteria are satisfied. In addition, the fully integrated process and a probabilistic analysis strategy method demonstrate a reduction in the probability of failure under noise factors without any noticeable increase in design turnaround time. The proposed robust optimisation framework for UAV conceptual design case study yields a more trustworthy prediction of the optimal configuration and is preferable to the traditional deterministic design approach. The high fidelity analysis ANSYS Fluent 13 is performed to demonstrate the accuracy of proposed framework on baseline, deterministic and RDO configuration.
Simulation modelling of runway capacity for flight training airports
Authors: Cetek F. A. , Cetek C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study aims to develop a practical discrete-event simulation model to analyse the single runway capacity of airports serving training flights under various operational scenarios. The number of operations per hour, average airborne and ground delays, queue lengths and runway utilisation are selected as performance measures for the analysis. The simulation model has been developed in ARENA in order to obtain a practical yet accurate analysis. The model can contribute to the efficient use of runway capacity as well as effective planning of flight training at airports.
Investigation of flow asymmetry around axi-symmetric spiked blunt bodies in hypersonic speeds
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud Y. M. , Qin N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe assumption that a zero-incidence flow around bodies of revolution is axisymmetric has been broadly adopted by many researchers, even for cases where the flow around such bodies becomes unstable. In this study, the validity of this assumption is revisited using CFD simulation. As a case study, the simulations of both stable and unstable hypersonic flows around spiked blunt bodies in 2D axisymmetric and full 3D computational domains are compared. It is found that, for the stable flow cases, the main flow features are apparently axisymmetric and the assumption is generally acceptable. However, some degree of asymmetry can be observed inside the shear layer in the separated region, causing small variation in the drag coefficient. For the unstable flow cases, the asymmetry of the flow features is much more significant. More importantly, the assumption that the flow is axisymmetric is found to overestimate the level of flow unsteadiness. The amplitude of temporal drag variation as predicted by the axisymmetric solution is higher than that predicted by the full 3D solution.
Computational aeroelastic analysis of slowed rotors at high advance ratios
Authors: de Montaudouin J. , Reveles N. , Smith M. J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe aerodynamic and aeroelastic behaviour of a rotor become more complex as advance ratios increase to achieve high-speed forward fight. As the rotor blades encounter large regions of cross and reverse flows during each revolution, strong variations in the local Mach regime are encountered, inducing complex elastic blade deformations. In addition, the wake system may remain in the vicinity of the rotor, adding complexity to the blade loading. The aeroelastic behaviour of a model rotor with advance ratios ranging from 0·5 to 2·0 has been evaluated with aerodynamics provided via a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Significant radial blade-vortex interaction can occur at a high advance ratio; the advance ratio at which this occurs is dependent on the rotor configuration. This condition is accompanied by high vibratory loads, peak negative torsion, and peak torsion and in-plane loads. The high vibratory loading increases the sensitivity of the trim model, so that at some high advance ratios the vibratory loads must be filtered to achieve a trimmed state.
Numerical investigation of separation pattern and separation pattern transition in overexpanded single expansion ramp nozzle
Authors: Yu Y. , Xu J. , Mo J. , Wang M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFlow separation results in many problems to single expansion ramp nozzle (SERN) and hypersonic vehicle. However, little research has been conducted on the separation patterns and their effects on SERN’s performance. In the present paper, the numerical simulation is adopted to get the intuitive results and help to analyse the separation phenomena in SERN thoroughly. The main separation pattern is the restricted shock separation (RSS) in SERN, and the free shock separation (FSS) only appears in a small range of the nozzle pressure ratio (NPR), which is much different from the axisymmetric rocket nozzle. Further CFD results show that the separation pattern transition makes great effects on the performance of SERN, especially the lift. Moreover, the performance of SERN has an extreme in the separation pattern transition because of the main jet impinging on the expansion ramp. The transitions occur in both the startup and shutdown processes but the critical nozzle pressure ratios of the separation pattern transitions are different, which leads to a hysteresis loop of SERN performance.
Neurally-augmented immunity-based detection and identification of aircraft sub-system failures
Authors: Perhinschi M. G. , Moncayo H. , Wilburn B. , Wilburn J. , Karas O. , Bartlett A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper presents the development and testing through simulation of an integrated scheme for aircraft sub-system failure detection and identification (FDI) based on the artificial immune system (AIS) paradigm augmented with artificial neural networks. The features that define the self within the AIS paradigm include neural estimates of the angular accelerations produced by the abnormal conditions. The simulation environment integrates the NASA Generic Transport Model interfaced with FlightGear. A hierarchical multi-self strategy was investigated for developing FDI schemes capable of handling malfunctions of a variety of aircraft sub-systems. The performance of the FDI scheme has been evaluated in terms of false alarms and successful detection and identification over a wide flight envelope and for several actuator and aerodynamic surface failures. For all cases considered, the performance was very good, confirming the potential of the AIS paradigm augmented with the proposed neural network-based approach for feature definition to offer a comprehensive solution to the aircraft sub-system FDI problem.
Scale effects on a single-element inverted wing in ground effect
Authors: Correia J. , Roberts L. S. , Finnis M. V. , Knowles K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA study was conducted on a GA(W)-1 wing in order to investigate the effect of testing inverted wings in ground effect at low Reynolds numbers. The wing was tested at a range of ground clearances and Reynolds numbers and results showed that the wing’s performance was dependent on both these parameters. Surface flow-visualisation and numerical simulation results highlighted the existence of a laminar separation bubble on the wing’s suction surface. The results also indicated that both the bubble’s length and the onset of separation were sensitive to ground clearance and Reynolds number. Attempts were made to minimise the wing’s Reynolds number dependency by using transition strips on the suction surface. The transition strip results highlighted the influence that a laminar separation bubble has on the overall performance of the wing and how its presence alters the force enhancement and reduction mechanisms on an inverted wing in ground effect.