bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Do Climate Change Projections Say About Future Droughts in Alabama and Georgia?
Authors: Mishra Nischal , Srivastava Puneet , Singh Sarmistha 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Frequent severe droughts in recent years in the humid southeast U.S. have called for pragmatic approaches to better prepare for the consequences of droughts. This article examines how climate change will influence future droughts in Alabama and Georgia. Historic and future droughts were quantified by means of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and changes in the frequency, severity, and spatial extent of droughts were examined using severity-area-frequency (SAF) curves. Precipitation and temperature data, regionally downscaled using a regional spectral model (RSM) for the southeast U.S. for the high emission scenario (A2) from three general circulation models (GCM), i.e., Hadley Centre Coupled Model Version 3 (HadCM3), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), and Community Climate System Model (CCSM), from the Third Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP3) archive were used for this study. Data from 1969 to 1999 were used for historical simulation, and 2039 to 2069 were used for future projections. The results showed that droughts similar to those in the past would be observed frequently in the future as well. The SPI and SPEI from the GFDL and HadCM3 models indicated higher frequency, severity, and spatial extent of droughts in the future. The SPI from the CCSM model did not show drastic changes in drought characteristics in either of the two states. The results of this research can be used by policymakers as a guide to determine how drought characteristics are expected to change in the future, and to develop drought mitigation policies. Keywords: Climate change, Drought, Drought indices, Severity-area-frequency curves, Standardized precipitation index, Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index.
A UHF RFID System for Studying Individual Feeding and Nesting Behaviors of Group-Housed Laying Hens
Authors: Li Lihua , Zhao Yang , Oliveira Jofran , Verhoijsen Wilco , Liu Kai , Xin Hongwei 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Enriched colony housing (ECH) is a relatively new egg production system. As such, information is lacking on design parameters to ensure the well-being of the hens and optimal utilization of housing resources. A new system has been developed at Iowa State University that enables automated monitoring and quantification of feeding and nesting behaviors of individual hens in ECH. Ultra-high-frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) is employed to track individual animals. The UHF RFID system consists of four components: antennas, tags, readers, and a data acquisition system. The antennas for monitoring feeding behavior are placed inside the two feed troughs and covered with plastic boards. Each feed trough has six antennas aligned in series covering the length of the feeder. Four additional antennas are placed inside the nest boxes to monitor the nesting behaviors. All 16 antennas are connected to five 4-channel readers, two per feed trough and one for the nest boxes, that are further connected to the hosting computer via Ethernet. Feed and water consumption and egg production are continuously monitored using load cells. This article describes the development and testing of the RFID system for monitoring feeding and nesting behaviors and provides sample data. The system has proven to be able to characterize benchmark feeding and nesting behaviors of individual hens in ECH, such as daily time spent at the feeder and in the nest box, daily frequency of visiting the feeder and the nest box, number of hens feeding and nesting simultaneously, and variability in these behaviors among individual hens. Future applications of the system include assessing the impact of resource allocation and management practices on feeding and nesting behaviors and on the well-being of the hens. This information will provide a scientific basis for optimal design and management of alternative hen housing systems. Keywords: Animal well-being, Enriched colony housing, Feeding behavior, Nesting behavior, UHF RFID.
Tata Laksana Non Imunosupresan Sindrom Nefrotik pada Anak
Authors: Pardede Sudung Oloan 
Published: August 2017

Sindrom nefrotik adalah keadaan klinis yang terdiri atas proteinuria masif, hipo­albuminemia (< 2,5 g/dL), edema, dan hiperkolesterolemia. Terapi utama sindrom nefrotik adalah imunosupresan terutama kortikosteroid. Pada sindrom nefrotik relaps sering atau dependen steroid, dan sindrom nefrotik resisten steroid, selain steroid diberikan juga imunosupresan lain seperti siklofosfamid, siklosporin, mikofenolat mofetil, takrolimus, atau pun levamisol. Selain pemberian imunosupresan diperlukan terapi suportif, yang meliputi terapi diitetik, tata laksana edema, hipertensi, hipovolemia, trombosis, hiperlipidemia, dan infeksi. Tata laksana diitetik terdiri atas kalori yang adekuat, protein sesuai recommended daily allowance, lemak low saturated, dan rendah garam. Komposisi zat gizi yang dianjurkan terdiri atas 10-14% protein; 40-50% lemak poly- dan monounsaturated, 40-50% karbohidrat. Tata laksana edema terdiri atas restriksi cairan, pemberian diuretik, dan infus albumin jika perlu. Infeksi yang sering terjadi pada sindrom nefrotik adalah selulitis peritonitis, dan pneumonia yang diterapi dengan antibiotik sefotaksim, seftriakson, ko-amoksiklav. Antihipertensi yang digunakan pada anak umumnya diuretik, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, (amblodipin, nifedipin, isradipin), alpha-symphatetic agents, beta blockers dan vasodilator. Aktivitas fisik tidak perlu dibatasi, dan pada edema ringan atau tidak berat tidak perlu dilarang pergi ke sekolah
Determinação de ânions para análise da qualidade da água subterrânea no município de Medianeira (PR)
Authors: Flores Éder Lisandro de Moraes , Campos Rafael Flores de , Witcel Cristiane , Eyng Eduardo , Torquato Alex Sanches , Canan Cristiane 
Published: August 2017

O Município de Medianeira, no Estado do Paraná, está situado sobre o Aquífero Serra Geral (ASG) o qual se sobrepõe ao Aquífero Guarani. As águas destes aquíferos são amplamente consumidas pelo segmento agroindustrial e para o abastecimento público. No Município de Medianeira (PR), o sistema de saneamento tem uma abrangência restrita no perímetro urbano e é inexistente na zona rural. Assim, o despejo de esgotos domésticos é feito rotineiramente com o uso de fossas sépticas construídas de forma irregular e muitas vezes sem revestimento adequado e/ou sem sumidouros. Além disso, na zona rural, atividades como a avicultura e a suinocultura também são potenciais fontes de contaminação do solo e da água subterrânea. Com a finalidade de avaliar a qualidade das águas subterrâneas em Medianeira (PR), foram monitorados 42 poços situados na zona rural e urbana, com relação às concentrações de nitrato (NO3-), nitrito (NO2-), fluoreto (F-), cloreto (Cl-), sulfato (SO42-), fosfato (PO43-) e brometo (Br-). Este monitoramento foi realizado em duas etapas durante o ano de 2014. Os resultados obtidos revelaram em alguns pontos concentrações de NO3- e F- acima do valor máximo permitido (VMP) pela Legislação Brasileira para padrões de potabilidade. Na primeira etapa do monitoramento, foram obtidos valores para NO3- acima do VMP em 03 pontos amostrados, enquanto na segunda etapa, a concentração de NO3- acima do VMP foi determinada em 05 pontos, com reincidência em um deles. Apesar de ser um estudo preliminar, ficou evidente a necessidade de maior atenção quanto ao controle da utilização das águas subterrâneas em Medianeira (PR), uma vez que em muitos destes locais a água é destinada exclusivamente ao consumo humano.
Artículos: Penalidad y Estado Penal
Authors: Garland David 
Published: August 2017

La sociología del castigo desarrolló una profunda comprensión de las fuerzas sociales e históricas que transformaron la penalidad estadounidense durante los últimos 40 años. Si bien estas fuerzas sociales no son únicas de los Estados Unidos, su impacto penal allí ha sido mayor en relación a otras naciones comparables. Para dar cuenta de esta cuestión, sugiero que en el futuro la investigación social debería prestar atención más de cerca a la estructura y operación del estado penal. Voy a empezar distinguiendo la penalidad (el campo penal) del estado penal (las instituciones gobernantes que dirigen y controlan el campo penal). Luego presentaré una conceptualización preliminar del “estado penal” y discutiré, de manera más general, la relación entre el estado penal y el estadoestadounidense.
Avance de Investigación: Privaciones del encarcelamiento y trabajo carcelario: la mirada de los detenidos de la unidad penitenciaria no 1 de la provincia de Santa Fe
Authors: Taboga Julieta 
Published: August 2017

Las investigaciones desarrolladas sobre la vida en prisión han indagado, micro sociológicamente los múltiples usos del trabajo al interior de la misma y macro sociológicamente su relación con el orden social. Sin embargo los estudios que recuperan la perspectiva de los detenidos en materia laboral se encuentran menos desarrollados. El presente avance de investigación propone entonces indagar sobre las percepciones de los detenidos sobre el trabajo carcelario. En el mismo nos concentramos en examinar cómo el desarrollo de distintas actividades laborales les permite, de acuerdo a sus perspectivas, enfrentar de diferentes modos las privaciones y mortificaciones impuestas por el encarcelamiento.Este estudio se desarrolla desde un enfoque cualitativo debido a que a través de éste se busca reconstruir y analizar la perspectiva de los actores antes mencionados a partir de entrevistas en profundidad. El mismo se realizó en la unidad penal No 1 de provincia de Santa Fe.
Physical and Metaphysical Counterfactuals: Evaluating Disjunctive Actions
Authors: Pearl Judea 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe structural interpretation of counterfactuals as formulated in Balke and Pearl (1994a,b) [1, 2] excludes disjunctive conditionals, such as “had $X$ been $x_1~\mbox{or}~x_2$,” as well as disjunctive actions such as $do(X=x_1~\mbox{or}~X=x_2)$. In contrast, the closest-world interpretation of counterfactuals (e.g. Lewis (1973a) [3]) assigns truth values to all counterfactual sentences, regardless of the logical form of the antecedent. This paper leverages “imaging” – a process of “mass-shifting” among possible worlds, to define disjunction in structural counterfactuals. We show that every imaging operation can be given an interpretation in terms of a stochastic policy in which agents choose actions with certain probabilities. This mapping, from the metaphysical to the physical, allows us to assess whether metaphysically-inspired extensions of interventional theories are warranted in a given decision making situation.
Income and Armed Civil Conflict: An Instrumental Variables Approach
Authors: Brunnschweiler Christa N. , Lujala Päivi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe large empirical conflict literature has established that there is a strong negative link between economic variables and the onset of an armed civil conflict. However, it has been difficult to demonstrate a clear causality between poor economic performance and increased risk of conflict because of potential endogeneity issues, especially for large country samples. Most existing studies that analyse the causal links focus on the effects of economic growth on conflict, even though conventional conflict studies find the strongest relationship for income levels. In this article, we use three new exogenous instruments for income per capita, based on historical data for mailing times, telegram charges and urbanization rates. Using instrumental variables methods and global panel data for the period 1946–2014, we show that the negative effect of income per capita on the probability of conflict onset is consistently strong and larger than in conventional estimations using pooled ordinary least square regressions.
Das Krankenhaus – ein interreligiöser Lernort?
Authors: Zissler Elisabeth 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungKulturelle und religiöse Pluralität prägen den klinischen Alltag. Darüber hinaus eröffnet sich im Krankenhaus ein existenziell bedeutsamer, religiös-spiritueller Raum auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen. Das klinische Setting bietet sich daher an, unter dem Fokus eines Lern- und Erkenntnisortes für interreligiöse Verständigung und Zusammenarbeit untersucht zu werden. Wie interreligiös ausgerichtete, klinische Seelsorgearbeit schließlich gelingen kann, soll im Rahmen des Beitrags reflektiert werden.
Evaluating the Effects of Underloaded and Overloaded Warm-ups on Subsequent Swing Velocity
Authors: Miller Ryan M. , Heishman Aaron D. , Freitas Eduardo D.S. , Bemben Michael G. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Miller, RM, Heishman, AD, Freitas, EDS, and Bemben, MG. Evaluating the effects of underloaded and overloaded warm-ups on subsequent swing velocity. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1071–1077, 2020—Several attempts to identify the optimal on-deck procedure to enhance swing velocity in baseball have been made. However, inconsistent findings continue to constitute much of the body of literature. In addition, the emergence of athlete monitoring in sport has led to the exploration of more sport-specific tasks to potentially identify athlete fatigue and readiness to perform. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine 3 different bat weight warm-up protocols on subsequent swing velocity and to examine the reliability of swing velocity measurements to allude to its potential a sport-specific athlete monitoring metric. Thirty-two recreational male baseball players 20.3 ± 2.0 years, 179.6 ± 7.1 cm and 89.6 ± 11.1 kg completed the study. Subjects completed 3 testing visits that included warming up with a control bat ([CB] 32 in., 29 oz), plastic bat ([PB] 31 in., 6.4 oz), or heavy bat ([HB] 32 in., 57 oz). Testing visits began with 3 CB swing trials followed by 3 intervention bat trials, then concluded with 3 additional CB swings. Swing velocity was assessed using visual 3D technology. Analyses of variance indicate that after the PB (26.6 ± 2.0 m·s−1) and CB interventions (26.2 ± 1.7 m·s−1) significantly faster (p < 0.001) swing velocities were generated when compared with the traditional HB intervention (24.1 ± 2.2 m·s−1). When assessed for reliability, the average ICC was 0.681 and Cronbach's alpha was 0.95, indicating exceptional reliability. Congruent to previous research, these data bolster the notion that warming up with a HB can hinder swing velocity. However, in contrast to previous research these data suggest that using a PB can increase swing velocity significantly. Furthermore, visual 3D can be designated as an exceptionally reliable device to measure swing velocity.
A case of Klinefelter syndrome with hypersexual desire
Authors: Okolie Kingsley , Perampalam Sumathy , Barker Anthony , Nolan Christopher J 
Published: August 2017

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a chromosomal disorder affecting males, with the typical karyotype of 47,XXY due to a supernumerary X chromosome, which causes progressive testicular failure resulting in androgen deficiency and infertility. Despite it being the most common sex chromosomal disorder, its diagnosis is easily missed. In addition to its classical clinical features of tall stature, gynaecomastia, small testes, and symptoms and signs of hypogonadism including infertility, KS is also often associated with neurocognitive, behavioural and psychiatric disorders.
We present a 44-year-old man with KS who, despite having erectile dysfunction, paradoxically had increased libido. He used sildenafil to overcome his erectile dysfunction. Hypersexuality was manifested by very frequent masturbation, multiple sexual partners most of whom were casual, and a sexual offence conviction at the age of 17 years.
Discussion focuses on the frequent failure of clinicians to diagnose KS, the neurocognitive, behavioural and psychiatric aspects of KS, this unusual presentation of hypersexuality in a man with KS, and the challenges of medical management of hypogonadism in a man with a history of a sexual offence.

Learning points:

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is common in men (about 1 in 600 males), but the diagnosis is very often missed.

In addition to classic features of hypogonadism, patients with KS can often have associated neurocognitive, behavioural and/or psychiatric disorders.

More awareness of the association between KS and difficulties related to verbal skills in boys could improve rates of early diagnosis and prevent longer-term psychosocial disability.

Hypersexuality in the context of hypogonadism raises the possibility of sex steroid independent mechanistic pathways for libido.

Testosterone replacement therapy in KS with hypersexuality should be undertaken with caution using a multidisciplinary team approach.
Exogenous T3 toxicosis following consumption of a contaminated weight loss supplement
Authors: D’Arcy R , McDonnell M , Spence K , Courtney C H 
Published: August 2017

Summary
A 42-year-old male presented with a one-week history of palpitations and sweating episodes. The only significant history was of longstanding idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Initial ECG demonstrated a sinus tachycardia. Thyroid function testing, undertaken as part of the diagnostic workup, revealed an un-measureable thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4). Upon questioning the patient reported classical thyrotoxic symptoms over the preceding weeks. Given the persistence of symptoms free tri-iodothyronine (T3) was measured and found to be markedly elevated at 48.9 pmol/L (normal range: 3.1–6.8 pmol/L). No goitre or nodular disease was palpable in the neck. Historically there had never been any amiodarone usage. Radionucleotide thyroid uptake imaging (123I) demonstrated significantly reduced tracer uptake in the thyroid. Upon further questioning the patient reported purchasing a weight loss product online from India which supposedly contained sibutramine. He provided one of the tablets and laboratory analysis confirmed the presence of T3 in the tablet. Full symptomatic resolution and normalised thyroid function ensued upon discontinuation of the supplement.

Learning points:

Free tri-iodothyronine (T3) measurement may be useful in the presence of symptoms suggestive of thyrotoxicosis with discordant thyroid function tests.

Thyroid uptake scanning can be a useful aid to differentiating exogenous hormone exposure from endogenous hyperthyroidism.

Ingestion of thyroid hormone may be inadvertent in cases of exogenous thyrotoxicosis.

Medicines and supplements sourced online for weight loss may contain thyroxine (T4) or T3 and should be considered as a cause of unexplained exogenous hyperthyroidism.
An Evaluation of the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs’ Policies Concerning Terrorism, Radical Religious Movements in Curriculum Content and Pedagogy of Secondary Education
Authors: Rifai Nurlena 
Published: August 2017

Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Indonesian government policies on curriculum and pedagogy that responds the global phenomenon of radical and violent forms of Islam. Specifically I investigate whether the Ministry of Religious Affairs has designed a curriculum content in Islamic Religious Studies for secondary education that discusses key concepts such as radicalism, jihadi-takfiri movements, religious violence, and intolerance towards other faiths. These issues are a central concern to Muslims in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach and descriptive method. My research attempts to answer why the Ministry of Religious Affairs has not included curriculum content that deals with contemporary issues of violent Islamic movements. The data had been collected through observation, documentation and interviews a number of officials of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Ministry of National Education, education experts and practitioners, and students. The result of my study will be a recommendation to the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Ministry of Culture and Primary and Secondary Education for developing curriculum content deals with the question of radicalism and religious violence in a direct and honest way. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia pada kurikulum dan pedagogik yang merespon fenomena global dari radikalisme dan bentuk kekerasan dalam Islam. Khususnya, saya menyelidiki apakah Kementerian Agama telah merancang konten kurikulum pada mata pelajaran Agama Islam untuk sekolah menengah yang mendiskusikan konsep-konsep seperti radikalisme, gerakan jihadi-takfiri, kekerasan beragama, dan intoleransi terhadap keyakinan lain. Isu-isu tersebut merupakan perhatian utama bagi muslim di Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deksriptif kualitatif. Penelitian saya berusaha menjawab mengapa Kementerian Agama tidak memasukkan konten kurikulum yang menyelesaikan isu-isu kontemporer tentang gerakan islam radikal. Data diambil melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara sejumlah pejabat kementerian agama dan kementerian pendidikan, para ahli pendidikan, praktisi dan siswa. Hasil penelitian ini berupa rekomendasi kepada kementerian agama dan kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan pendidikan dasar dan menengah untuk mengembangkan konten kurikulum yang mengatasi pertanyaan tentang radikalisme dan kekerasan beragama dengan cara yang langsung dan jujur. How to Cite : Rifai, N (2015). An Evaluation of the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs’ Policies Concerning Terrorism, Radical Religious Movements in Curriculum Content and Pedagogy of Secondary Education. TARBIYA: Journal Of Education In Muslim Society, 2(2), 178-189. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i2. 3181. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i2.3181