bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Approach to the Feasibility Design in Development Fields
Authors: Mukai Nobuaki , Fujita Kazuhiro , AL-Kasasbeh Ameen , Karrani Saud Mohamed , Al-Marzouqi Adel 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Abu Dhabi Marine Operating Company (ADMA-OPCO) is increasing the rig activity and the well complexity in its development fields. The new feasibility design process involves, categorizing the analysis into three stages that includes difficulities during rig approach, recovering completions and drilling operations. The key aim is to utilize standardized criteria to develop well trajectories, offset well analysis, completion recovery procedures and drilling simulation models for hole cleaning, cementing, torque, drag, etc. Additionally, the new design process describes a detailed procedure and it has been established based on lesson learn and best practice in development fields and reviewed by well engineers. This process resulted in early identification of potential drilling risks, advanced preparation for mitigation plan, securing drilling equipment procurement time and optimization of rig selection and service company allocation. The new tracking sheet for feasibility summarizes the results of each well and supports comprehensive management decision-making. Additionally, the new process can also enhance the process assurance, of not only feasibility study but also that of Well Planning Process (WPP) and Well Delivery Process (WDP) phases. It can also be used as familiarization tool for new employees and trainees. These documents will help easy hand-over to other team even though rig allocation is changed and minimize duplicating review. It was observed that the well design concept is significantly associated with well requirements. In conclusion, there was significant improvement of feasibility study by utilized design concept and the feasibility design needs to be updated frequently, if there are new types of requirements such as multilateral tie back system.
Equipment Optimisation to Reduce the Environmental Impact of Well Delivery
Authors: Eddie John , Pinkston Nathan , Kilpatrick William 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In the oilfield, a large array of equipment is required to plan, drill and complete a well. These pieces of equipment are made in manufacturing facilities, then transported by truck, ship and airfreight to the well site location, which can often be in the most remote locations in the world. The transport and logistical complexity for moving large heavy oilfield equipment around the globe has a huge effect on the carbon footprint.
Much of the equipment used in the oildfield is designed using traditional methods. A more modern approach is to run equipment through a design optimisation loop to determine the reduction in size and weight which can be achieved without compromising performance or safety. In other industries such as motorsport and aeronautics, design optimisation is an accepted and integrated feature of any product development cycle. Computational approaches have been heavily validated against test data and have been confirmed as valuable complementary approaches to physical tests. This has allowed the analysis approach to move into the mainstream market.
However in the oil and gas industry, design evolution is not as prevalent, and engineers tend to stick with designs which have worked previously. This single design, no generational development approach can potentially lead to equipment which is over engineered in places, increasing both manufacture cost and logistical carbon footprint.
This paper takes two common pieces of equipment which are routinely shipped to drill site and runs each piece through a set of design iterations using engineering analysis tools. It was found that an existing accommodation module designs' weight could be reduced by some 24% with the use of FEA and manual design iterations. A second example using a similar approach with a coupled CFD to FEA optimisation for a pressure vessel resulted in a weight reduction of 14%.
In the discussion it is pointed out that the weight reduction impacts on the manufacture side as well as the transportation side of the equipment journey to rig site. Emissions and overall costs can be reduced benefiting the company and the environment. It is however acknowledged that there is a place for tried and tested designs in such a performance demanding industry, and a balance must be struck between using existing design and using contemporary approaches.
Creating a Safety Culture: What it is and How to Get There
Authors: Wake Daryl 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Safety culture can be distilled into nine characteristics predictive of safety outcomes. By tracking performance across these characteristics, companies can measure their performance against the world's most successful safety organizations, both within industry and without. More importantly, they can identify gaps in their culture and breakdowns in their safety performance, thereby establishing clear goals to overcoming them and achieving safety objectives.
To improve safety performance and create lasting change in organizational culture, leaders can focus on developing ten safety-specific leadership capabilities. These ten capabilities characterize great safety organizations and distinguish strong safety leaders.
Optimized Approach in Cementing Tophole Sections for Long-Term Zonal Isolation: Case Studies
Authors: Isgenderov Islam , Bogaerts Martijn , Kurawle Irfan , Osayande Victor 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Shallow water flows pose a significant risk to wells drilled in offshore environments due to the risk of uncontrolled release of fluids and destabilization of seabed leading to potential subsidence, and potential loss of well or location in extreme cases. The flows are typically encountered just below the seabed in overpressured formations while drilling and cementing tophole sections and present additional complexity to the cement job design where the margin available between the pore and fracture gradients is narrow. Successful isolation and the ability to provide long-term integrity for subsequent structures is of paramount importance from a cementing perspective. For the slurry to be able to provide isolation, good transition time from liquid to solid phase and early compressive strength development with lightweight cement slurries are to be considered. Concerns about post placement cement sheath shrinkage providing a path for fluid migration to surface must also be addressed
The Caspian Sea is known to possess many geohazards, especially in the shallow formations close to the seabed, which can prove detrimental to the safety of the projects during the well construction phase and long-term well integrity during the life of the well. Furthermore, stringent well integrity and environmental standards require additional mitigations to be put in place to provide long-term solutions, thereby mitigating the potential for remediation work after primary cement job placement. Case studies illustrate the approach taken for surface casings cemented in the southern Caspian Sea with optimized slurry design used in conjunction with mechanical barriers to deliver success.
All-attitude Gyrocompass Tool Offers Significant Enhancement in Survey Accuracy over the Highest Performance MWD Magnetic Systems
Authors: Weston John , Ledroz Adrián 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Modern extended reach, horizontal and multilateral wells are often drilled out of closely placed template slots. This situation has resulted in large numbers of wells drilled in close proximity in order to access oil and gas reserves and maximise production. An example of where this need is particularly evident is for the artificial islands project in the Upper Zakum field. With this type of scenario in mind, the demands for precision well positioning have become ever greater in order to enhance production through improved reservoir drainage, as well as increase safety through minimising the likelihood of collision with a producing well and so reduce the risk of a blowout leading to lost revenue and, most significantly, injury to operating personnel and loss of life.
The value in achieving the best possible trajectory information therefore becomes very clear. This paper examines two possible approaches to well positioning; the conventional approach based on magnetic MWD including in-field referencing aiding versus the relatively new all-attitude gyro. The paper highlights the key features of the newer all-attitude gyro technology which is described in SPE paper SPE-168052. Both methods are capable of providing survey data at any attitude, but each is subject to performance limitations resulting from a variety of causes.
Wellbore position uncertainty estimation (error modelling) is a key element in safe and cost effective drilling. The understanding of error modelling has improved greatly over the last 20 years largely through the publication of SPE papers like SPE-67616, 90408, 103734, 105558 and 140192. The principle sources of error associated with both the MWD and gyro survey systems are described in this paper; the resulting propagation of errors and the final positional uncertainty for each case is compared.
Some example case studies, relating to wells drilled in different parts of the world, are presented which illustrate the relative performance of the two approaches to surveying wells. The increase in well positioning accuracy achievable using the all-attitude gyro over MWD is illustrated, an improvement that is particularly evident when drilling high angle sections close to an easterly or westerly direction. A factor of two or more enhancement in accuracy is offered by the application of gyro technology in such cases.
Where well positioning accuracy is so vital to the financial success of an oil field and the safety of operating staff, this capability should not be ignored.
A Feasibility Analysis Methodology for Decentralized Wastewater Systems – Energy‐Efficiency and Cost
Authors: Naik Kartiki S. , Stenstrom Michael K. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT: Centralized wastewater treatment, widely practiced in developed areas, involves transporting wastewater from large urban areas to a large capacity plant using a single network of sewers, whereas decentralization is the concept of wastewater collection, treatment and reuse at or near its point of generation. Smaller decentralized plants can achieve extensive reclamation and wastewater management with energy‐efficient reclaimed water pumping, modularized expansion and lower capital investment. We devised a methodology to preliminarily assess these alternatives using local constraints and conducted a feasibility analysis for each option. It addressed various scenarios using the pump‐back energy consumption, sewer and treatment plant construction and capacity expansion cost. We demonstrated this methodology by applying it to the Hollywood vicinity (California). In this study, the decentralized configuration was more economical and energy‐efficient than the centralized system. The pump‐back energy consumption was about 50% of the aeration energy consumption for the centralized option.
Isolation of 91 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the western Mediterranean endemic Carex helodes (Cyperaceae)
Authors: Arroyo Juan M. , Escudero Marcial , Jordano Pedro 
Published: January 2016

Premise of the study:Microsatellite primers were developed for Carex helodes (Cyperaceae), a western Mediterranean endemic that is locally distributed in southern Portugal and southwestern Spain and rare in northern Morocco.Methods and Results:One hundred nine nuclear microsatellite markers were developed using a shotgun pyrosequencing method, resulting in 91 polymorphic and 18 monomorphic loci when tested using 19 individuals sampled from five populations from Portugal, Spain, and Morocco. Loci averaged 3.23 alleles per locus (SD = 1.15). In a single population (Cortelha population, Portugal), the 34 most polymorphic loci showed a mean observed heterozygosity of 0.357 (SD = 0.292) and mean expected heterozygosity of 0.384 (SD = 0.255).Conclusions:Next‐generation sequencing allowed us to develop a high number of genetic markers with levels of polymorphism adequate to study gene flow among populations. However, when genotyping the individuals within a population, we found low levels of variation.
Development and characterization of polymorphic microRNA‐based microsatellite markers in Nelumbo nucifera (Nelumbonaceae)
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Gui Songtao , Pan Lei , Hu Jihong , Ding Yi 
Published: January 2016

Premise of the study:Polymorphic microRNA (miRNA)–based microsatellite markers were developed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of Nelumbo nucifera (Nelumbonaceae).Methods and Results:A total of 485 miRNA‐based microsatellites were found from the genomic DNA sequences of N. nucifera. After several rounds of screening, 21 primer pairs flanking di‐, tri‐, or pentanucleotide repeats were identified that revealed high levels of genetic diversity in four populations with two to five alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and from 0.000 to 0.803, respectively.Conclusions:The polymorphic microsatellite markers will be useful for studying the genetic diversity and population structure of N. nucifera.
L’inévitabilité de l’incertitude, la nécessité du doute et le développement de la confiance
Authors: Bailleau Patrick 
Published: January 2016

J’avais écrit l’introduction à cet article de Bill il y a quelques jours… C’était avant ce vendredi 13 novembre 2015, date à laquelle Paris, une fois de plus, était secouée profondément par une explosion de violence inouïe qui, par 6 attentats simultanés, a fait perdre la vie à 129 personnes au moins, a blessé grièvement plus de 300 autres, traumatisé leurs proches, les témoins, les soignants, et tous ceux pour qui le respect de la vie est sacré, tous ceux pour qui la liberté, la fraternité, la démocratie sont à la base de leur manière de vivre. Je ne peux m’empêcher de penser combien notre travail d’analystes transactionnels peut contribuer à tisser et renforcer les liens qui unissent entre eux les humains. Mais sommes-nous assez préparés pour répondre à la haine et la violence sans tomber à notre tour dans le désir de punir, de contrôler ou de haïr ? À l’heure où notre monde est secoué par de nouvelles flambées de violence et par l’arrivée massive dans nos régions de réfugiés qui en fuient l’horreur, l’article de Bill Cornell, écrit il y a plusieurs années déjà, est d’une actualité bien évidente. Si les ouvrages portant sur l’importance dans notre travail de la place de l’empathie, de la position OK+/OK+, de la construction d’un socle relationnel sécure, sont nombreux, rares sont ceux qui abordent de manière centrale la question de la place qu’y tiennent la haine, la méfiance, l’hostilité et la violence. Or, nous dit Bill Cornell, si nous ne pouvons examiner honnêtement les aspects haïssables de nous-mêmes et de nos cultures professionnelle et ethnique, nous risquons de « transformer nos valeurs thérapeutiques en saccharine et slogans creux » et nous n’apporterons pas grand-chose à ceux que nous voulons aider. B.E
Vieillissement de la population active
Authors: Levasseur Sandrine 
Published: January 2016

Le vieillissement de la population active pose des défis importants pour notre potentiel de productivité macroéconomique notamment si, comme certains l’avancent, la productivité au travail diminue à partir d’un certain âge.	Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons tout d’abord aux résultats des études de neurosciences portant sur l’évolution des capacités cognitives (et physiques) chez le sujet vieillissant. Puis, nous passons en revue la littérature empirique sur le lien entre âge et productivité au travail. Nous concluons que si la littérature fait consensus sur la baisse des capacités cognitives et physiques au fur et à mesure du vieillissement, il n’en va pas de même pour le lien empirique entre âge et productivité au travail. Enfin, dans le cadre d’un travail statistique simple, nous avons analysé les réponses actuelles au vieillissement de la population active en termes de robotisation et de recours à l’immigration. Nous trouvons que la densité robotique est positivement et significativement corrélée au vieillissement de la population active future tandis que l’immigration au cours des vingt dernières années a considérablement ralenti le vieillissement de la population de certains pays développés. Finalement, notre potentiel de productivité macroéconomique nous semble moins lié au vieillissement de la population active qu’aux progrès de la robotique et de l’intelligence artificielle.
Effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) Treatment on Seed Germination and Seedling Vigour of Endemic Herb Exacum trinervium L. in Sri Lanka: Conservation strategy
Authors: Dissanayaka N. P. , Kodikara K. A. S. , Vithanage D. S. , Krishnarajah S. A. , Rubasinghe M. K. , Dayananda T. G. 
Published: January 2016

Based on the scientific information available, E. trinervium is currently of conservation concern since it shows poor seedling growth even under satisfactory seed germination. Ex-situ cultivation is therefore recommended as a conservation strategy. This study aimed to (i) investigate the effective pre-sowing 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) treatment that enhances the seed germination and seedling vigour and (ii) to study morphological traits that can be used in assessing healthy seedlings of E. trinervium. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design under both laboratory and green house conditions with BAP concentrations of 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mgL-1 as pre-sowing treatments and distilled water as the control with different exposure durations i.e. 18, 24 and 30 hours. The results showed that there was no significant effect of BAP treatments on seed germination percentage under laboratory and nursery conditions. The lowest average mean germination time (MGT) was obtained 24 h exposure duration for the green house condition. Seedling dry weight and seedling Vigour Index (SVI) were significantly (P0.05) higher for BAP concentration of 3.0 mgL-1 under 24 h exposure duration. Growth parameters i.e. number of leaves, plant height, root length, number of primary roots, dry weight and fresh weight of E. trinervium were significantly (P<0.05) induced by BAP concentration and exposure duration. Accordingly, BAP concentration of 3.0 mgL-1 under 24 h exposure duration proved to be the optimum BAP treatment for the increase of seedling vigour of E. trinervium under the green house conditions. Therefore, the present study suggests that BAP treatment may be involved metabolically in the stimulation of germination and then to increase the seedling vigour of E. trinervium. Journal of the University of Ruhuna 2015 3(1): 14-20
Pertuzumab: Unprecedented benefit in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer
Authors: Rauthan Amit , Dattatreya Palanki , Singhal Manish , Prabu Ram , Naik Siddharth , Kukreja Anil 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer is a more aggressive subtype of breast cancer and targeting the HER2 receptor has proven effective in improving the prognosis of these patients. Pertuzumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody and the first in a class of HER2 dimerization inhibitors approved for treating HER2+ breast cancer. It blocks ligand-dependent heterodimerization and ligand-independent homodimerization of HER2 with other HER members. When used in combination with trastuzumab and taxane, pertuzumab complements the action of trastuzumab and results in a comprehensive blockade of HER2 signaling pathway. This review article traces the development of pertuzumab from concept to its current use in HER2+ breast cancer treatment. A search of Medical Literature Published since 2007 was performed in PubMed using the keywords “pertuzumab,” “HER2+ breast cancer,” “HER2 targeted therapy,” “metastatic breast cancer,” and in search engines for ongoing trials with pertuzumab and incidence of cancer and breast cancer in India. A total of 35 publications and abstracts from the American Society of Clinical Oncology were selected for this review. Pertuzumab is approved in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel for the treatment of patients with HER2+ metastatic BC, who have not received prior anti-HER2 therapy or chemotherapy for metastatic disease. The dual HER2 blockade of pertuzumab and trastuzumab is now accepted worldwide as a standard of care by various guidelines.
The diagnostic significance of breast incidentalomas detected on whole-body fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Sharma Shelly , Pruthi Ankur 
Published: January 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the diagnostic significance of breast incidentalomas detected on whole-body fluorine-18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 3868 patients who underwent 18F FDG PET/CT at our institution, for the presence of hypermetabolic focus in the breasts. Patients with known breast cancer or with the previous history of breast cancer were excluded from the study. Ten out of remaining 3868 patients had abnormal focal uptake in the breast. We, therefore, enrolled these 10 patients with histopathology confirmation in this study.
Results: Among all 3868 patients, 10 (0.25%) patients demonstrated incidental focal uptake in breast parenchyma. All of these 10 patients were females. Histopathology examination confirmed malignancy in 8 out of 10 patients (80%), these included invasive ductal cancer in 4 patients, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 2 patients, and metastasis from rectal cancer and endometrial cancer, respectively, in 2 patients. Of the 10 patients, 2 (20%) had lesions that were confirmed to be benign. Both of these were proven to be fibroadenomas. The mean maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on FDG-PET/CT scans was 1.35 ± 1.2 in the benign cases versus 3.8 ± 1.83 in the malignant cases. This difference was statistically insignificant (P = 0.056). All malignant lesions had SUVmax 2.0 or greater. The mean size differed significantly between the benign and malignant groups (2.55 ± 0.63 vs. 1.31 ± 0.44 cm) (P = 0.005) with benign lesions being bigger in size.
Conclusion: Unexpected focal areas of hypermetabolic activity discovered in the breast at the time of PET/CT are associated with a high likelihood of malignancy in as many as 80% of cases. Therefore, any suspicious activity discovered in the breast on PET/CT should be evaluated until a diagnosis is found.