bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expedited Partner Therapy: Pharmacist Refusal of Legal Prescriptions
Authors: Borchardt Lauren N. , Pickett Michelle L. , Tan Kevin T. , Visotcky Alexis M. , Drendel Amy L. 
Published: October 2017

Background
Expedited partner therapy (EPT) is an effective strategy for partner management of sexually transmitted infections. Some states, including Wisconsin, allow EPT prescriptions to be filled without a patient name. This study determined the refusal rates of nameless EPT prescriptions in Milwaukee pharmacies.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 3 trained research assistants of different age, sex, and race posed as “patients” and visited 50 pharmacy locations from one pharmacy chain in Milwaukee County, WI, to fill nameless EPT prescriptions. A χ2 test was used to compare demographics of patients, pharmacists, and pharmacies. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with prescription refusal.

Results
Twenty-nine (58%) of 50 nameless EPT prescriptions were refused. Univariate analysis showed that prescriptions were more likely to be refused if the pharmacy was in the suburbs (77%) compared with Milwaukee city (43%; P = 0.01), if the pharmacist was older than the patient (82%) compared with being younger (46%) or within the same age group (33%; P = 0.01 for both), and if the patient was white (78%) compared with nonwhite (47%; P = 0.03). Multivariable regression revealed significantly higher refusals for pharmacies located in the suburbs compared with the city (odds ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–20.3; P = 0.03) and in patients who were white compared with nonwhite (odds ratio: 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–19.8; P = 0.01).

Conclusions
More than half of nameless EPT prescriptions were refused in Milwaukee county pharmacies, more frequently at suburban pharmacies and for white patients. Increased pharmacist education regarding EPT is essential to help combat the sexually transmitted infection crisis.
Conceptualizing Geosexual Archetypes: Mapping the Sexual Travels and Egocentric Sexual Networks of Gay and Bisexual Men in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Gesink Dionne , Wang Susan , Guimond Tim , Kimura Lauren , Connell James , Salway Travis , Gilbert Mark , Mishra Sharmistha , Tan Darrell , Burchell Ann N. , Brennan David J. , Logie Carmen H. , Grace Daniel 
Published: October 2017

Background
There are complex, synergistic, and persistent sexually transmitted infection (STI) epidemics affecting gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) in every major urban centre across North America. We explored the spatial architecture of egocentric sexual networks for gbMSM in Toronto, Canada.

Methods
Our integrative mixed methods study included in-depth interviews with 31 gbMSM between May and July 2016. During interviews, participants mapped their egocentric sexual network for the preceding 3 months geographically. At the end, a self-administered survey was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics, online technology use, and STI testing and history.

Results
We identified 6 geosexual archetypes: hosters, house-callers, privates, rovers, travellers, and geoflexibles. Hosters always, or almost always (≥80%), hosted sex at their home. House-callers always, or almost always (≥80%), had sex at their partner’s home. Rovers always or almost always (≥80%) had sex at public venues (eg, bath houses, sex clubs) and other public spaces (eg, parks, cruising sites). Privates had sex in private—their own home or their partner's (part hoster, part house-caller). Travellers had sex away from their home, either at a partner’s home or some other venue or public space (part house-caller, part rover). Geoflexibles had sex in a variety of locations—their home, their partner’s home, or public venues. All hosters and rovers, and to a lesser extent, geoflexibles, reported a history of syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus.

Conclusions
Prioritizing interventions to hosters, rovers, and geoflexibles may have an important impact on reducing STI transmission.
Tuberculosis Prevention in the Private Sector: Using Claims-Based Methods to Identify and Evaluate Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment With Isoniazid Among the Commercially Insured
Authors: Stockbridge Erica L. , Miller Thaddeus L. , Carlson Erin K. , Ho Christine 
Published: October 2017

Context:
Targeted identification and treatment of people with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are key components of the US tuberculosis elimination strategy. Because of recent policy changes, some LTBI treatment may shift from public health departments to the private sector.

Objectives:
To (1) develop methodology to estimate initiation and completion of treatment with isoniazid for LTBI using claims data, and (2) estimate treatment completion rates for isoniazid regimens from commercial insurance claims.

Methods:
Medical and pharmacy claims data representing insurance-paid services rendered and prescriptions filled between January 2011 and March 2015 were analyzed.

Participants:
Four million commercially insured individuals 0 to 64 years of age.

Main Outcome Measures:
Six-month and 9-month treatment completion rates for isoniazid LTBI regimens.

Results:
There was an annual isoniazid LTBI treatment initiation rate of 12.5/100 000 insured persons. Of 1074 unique courses of treatment with isoniazid for which treatment completion could be assessed, almost half (46.3%; confidence interval, 43.3-49.3) completed 6 or more months of therapy. Of those, approximately half (48.9%; confidence interval, 44.5-53.3) completed 9 months or more.

Conclusions:
Claims data can be used to identify and evaluate LTBI treatment with isoniazid occurring in the commercial sector. Completion rates were in the range of those found in public health settings. These findings suggest that the commercial sector may be a valuable adjunct to more traditional venues for tuberculosis prevention. In addition, these newly developed claims-based methods offer a means to gain important insights and open new avenues to monitor, evaluate, and coordinate tuberculosis prevention.
Breast Cleavage Remodeling with Fat Grafting: A Safe Way to Optimize Symmetry and to Reduce Intermammary Distance
Authors: Serra-Mestre José Maria , Fernandez Peñuela Randolfo , Foti Vanessa , D’Andrea Francesco , Serra-Renom José Maria 
Published: October 2017

Background:
In their descriptions of the ideal breast, most studies have focused primarily on the dimensions, shape, and proportions. The distance between the breasts has only very rarely been considered. The intermammary distance and the medial symmetry between the breasts are important parts of the outcome of surgery and have a strong bearing on patient satisfaction. However, the control surgeons have over these factors is only relative, and depends heavily on the underlying anatomical characteristics of the patients.

Methods:
Eighty-six patients undergoing breast augmentation, breast reduction, or mastopexy and breast reconstruction with separated or asymmetric breasts underwent fat grafting in the medial quadrants. Intermammary distances were measured before fat grafting and 12 months later. Complications were also recorded.

Results:
This technique obtained a statistically significant reduction in the mean intermammary distance (p < 0.0001) from 3 ± 0.6 cm (range, 1.6 to 5 cm) to 1.7 ± 0.4 cm (range, 1 to 2.8 cm) at 12-month follow-up. There were no major complications: one capsular contracture in a breast reconstruction requiring capsulotomy and an oil cyst requiring aspiration were reported.

Conclusion:
The authors’ technique allows safe remodeling of the medial cleavage of the breast, reducing the intermammary distance and optimizing the symmetry between the breasts.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Mixed Reality with HoloLens: Where Virtual Reality Meets Augmented Reality in the Operating Room
Authors: Tepper Oren M. , Rudy Hayeem L. , Lefkowitz Aaron , Weimer Katie A. , Marks Shelby M. , Stern Carrie S. , Garfein Evan S. 
Published: October 2017

Summary:
Virtual reality and augmented reality devices have recently been described in the surgical literature. The authors have previously explored various iterations of these devices, and although they show promise, it has become clear that virtual reality and/or augmented reality devices alone do not adequately meet the demands of surgeons. The solution may lie in a hybrid technology known as mixed reality, which merges many virtual reality and augmented realty features. Microsoft’s HoloLens, the first commercially available mixed reality device, provides surgeons intraoperative hands-free access to complex data, the real environment, and bidirectional communication. This report describes the use of HoloLens in the operating room to improve decision-making and surgical workflow. The pace of mixed reality–related technological development will undoubtedly be rapid in the coming years, and plastic surgeons are ideally suited to both lead and benefit from this advance.
Injection of Compressed Diced Cartilage in the Correction of Secondary and Primary Rhinoplasty: A New Technique with 12 Years’ Experience
Authors: Erol O. Onur 
Published: October 2017

Background:
There are instances where small or large pockets are filled with diced cartilage in the nose, without use of wrapping materials. For this purpose, 1-cc commercial syringes were used. The obtained results were partial and incomplete. For better and improved results, the author designed new syringes, with two different sizes, which compress the diced cartilage for injection.

Methods:
The author presents his experience accrued over the past 12 years with 2366 primary, 749 secondary, 67 cleft lip and nose, and a total of 3182 rhinoplasties, using his new syringe design, which compresses diced cartilage and injects the diced cartilages as a conglutinate mass, simulating carved costal cartilage, but a malleable one.

Results:
In 3125 patients, the take of cartilage graft was complete (98.2 percent) and a smooth surface was obtained, giving them a natural appearance. In 21 patients (0.65 percent), there was partial resorption of cartilage. Correction was performed with touch-up surgery by reinjection of a small amount of diced cartilage. In 36 patients (1.13 percent), there was overcorrection that, 1 year later, was treated by simple rasping.

Conclusions:
Compared with diced cartilage wrapped with Surgicel or fascia, the amount of injected cartilage graft is predictable because it consists purely of cartilage. The injected diced cartilage, because it is compressed and becomes a conglutinated mass, resembles a wood chip and simulates carved cartilage. It is superior to carved cartilage in that it is moldable, time saving, and gives a good result with no late show or warping. The injection takes only a few minutes.
Intimate Partner Violence and Self-Reported Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Interruptions Among HIV-Negative Partners in HIV Serodiscordant Couples in Kenya and Uganda
Authors: Cabral Alejandra , M. Baeten Jared , Ngure Kenneth , Velloza Jennifer , Odoyo Josephine , E. Haberer Jessica , Celum Connie , Muwonge Timothy , Asiimwe Stephen , Heffron Renee ,   for the Partners Demonstration Project Team
Published: October 2017

Background:
Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective for HIV prevention, and PrEP delivery studies are investigating ways to deliver PrEP with high adherence. However, in many settings with high HIV burden, intimate partner violence (IPV) is reported often and could be a barrier to the effective PrEP use. We examined the association between IPV and interruptions in PrEP use.

Methods:
We analyzed data from 1013 serodiscordant heterosexual couples enrolled in a large PrEP demonstration project in Kenya and Uganda, the Partners Demonstration Project. At quarterly study visits, HIV-negative participants receiving PrEP were asked about interruptions in their PrEP use and experiences with IPV. The association between IPV and PrEP interruptions was analyzed using multivariable generalized estimating equations.

Results:
At baseline and follow-up, there were 53 visits with reports of abuse by 49 HIV-negative partners, including physical, economic, and verbal IPV. Interruptions in PrEP use were reported at 328 visits (7.1% of all visits) by 249 people. The median length of PrEP interruption was 28 days (interquartile range: 7–45). The frequency of PrEP interruptions among those reporting IPV was 23.8% and those without IPV was 6.9%. PrEP interruption was significantly associated with IPV after adjustment for age and frequency of sexual intercourse (adjusted odds ratio = 2.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 6.0).

Conclusions:
IPV was more likely to be reported at visits when PrEP interruptions were also reported, which may have implications for sustained adherence to PrEP. Within PrEP delivery programs, there may be opportunities to assess individual safety and well-being to bolster adherence.
Unexpected Pyelonephritis Incidentally Revealed on 99mTc MDP Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Zhao Xiaofei , Zhao Ruifang , Wu Ha 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A 5-year-old girl had intermittent fever for 4 months. A 99mTc MDP bone scintigraphy was performed to evaluate possible occult osteomyelitis, which revealed no bone lesion. However, abnormal MDP activity in the upper poles of both kidneys was noted, which was confirmed as pyelonephritis subsequently.
Focal Pulmonary Uptake on 99mTc-Sestamibi Parathyroid Scintigraphy Due to Iatrogenic Microembolism
Authors: Kou Ying , Shen Guohua , Ou Xiaohong , Huang Rui , Kuang Anren 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A middle-aged woman underwent 99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy because of parathyroid disease, and a focal pulmonary uptake of 99mTc-sestamibi was incidentally found on both planar and SPECT/CT images without corresponding pulmonary abnormality on the CT images. After 10 days, a subsequent parathyroid scintigraphy revealed no pulmonary accumulation. Therefore, the pulmonary intense 99mTc-sestamibi focus that once appeared in the first scan might be an artifact of iatrogenic microembolism from injection site.
Aspiration Incidentally Detected by a Meckel Scintigraphy
Authors: Bai Xia , Fostitsch Johannes C. , Zhuang Hongming 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Meckel scintigraphy with 99mTc-pertechnetate was performed in a 5-year-old boy to determine whether a Meckel diverticulum containing ectopic gastric mucosa caused bleeding. The images did not reveal focal activity characteristic of a Meckel diverticulum. Unexpectedly, activity in the tracheobronchial tree was visualized, consistent with aspiration of the radioactive saliva.
AIDS-Related Central Nervous System Toxoplasmosis With Increased 18F-Fluoroethyl-l-Tyrosine Amino Acid PET Uptake Due to LAT1/2 Expression of Inflammatory Cells
Authors: Hutterer Markus , Bumes Elisabeth , Riemenschneider Markus J. , Grosse Jirka , Hellwig Dirk , Galldiks Norbert , Langen Karl-Josef , Hau Peter 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We report the case of a 40-year-old woman with a progressive right-sided hemiparesis. Standard MRI revealed a contrast-enhancing brain lesion within the left basal ganglia. 18Ffluoroethyl-l-tyrosine (18F-FET) PET showed a distinct tracer uptake (lesion-to-brain ratio [LBR]: LBRmax = 2.03, LBRmean = 1.68) with a significant larger metabolic lesion volume than contrast-enhancement in MRI, indicating cerebral glioma. Surprisingly, histopathologic analysis demonstrated central nervous system toxoplasmosis with pronounced inflammatory reaction (reactive astrogliosis, microglia activation, macrophage, and T-lymphocyte infiltration), which was associated with strong LAT1/LAT2/CD98 expression. In conclusion, inflammatory brain lesions, such as cerebral toxoplasmosis, represent a potential pitfall of 18F-FET PET mimicking a brain tumor.
Abdominal Splenosis Mimicking Peritoneal Metastasis in Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT, Confirmed With Selective Spleen SPECT/CT
Authors: Demirci Emre , Has Simsek Duygu , Kabasakal Levent , Mülazimoğlu Mehmet 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT is a rapidly evolving diagnostic technique to image prostate cancer. In contrast to the name PSMA, various tissues show 68Ga-PSMA uptake in PET/CT imaging. We present a case of a 68-year-old man with prostate cancer who underwent Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Along with metastatic lymph nodes, multiple nodular lesions within the peritoneal spaces of all 4 quadrants of the abdomen showed high PSMA expression. Because of a history of splenic rupture, a 99mTc-labeled heat-denatured erythrocyte scintigraphy and SPECT were performed. Peritoneal lesions showed high uptake, confirming widespread peritoneal splenosis.
Autogenous Partial Bone Chip Grafting on the Exposed Inferior Alveolar Nerve After Cystic Enucleation
Authors: Seo Mi Hyun , Eo Mi Young , Cho Yun Ju , Kim Soung Min , Lee Suk Keun 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This prospective study evaluated the clinical effectiveness of the new approach of partial autogenous bone chip grafts for the treatment of mandibular cystic lesions related to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). A total of 38 patients treated for mandibular cysts or benign tumors were included in this prospective study and subsequently divided into 3 groups depending on the bone grafting method used: cystic enucleation without a bone graft (group 1), partial bone chip graft covering the exposed IAN (group 2), and autogenous bone graft covering the entire defect (group 3). We evaluated the symptoms, clinical signs, and radiographic changes using dental panorama preoperatively, immediate postoperatively, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Radiographic densities were compared using Adobe Photoshop CS5 (Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, CA). Repeated measures analysis of variance was used for statistical evaluation with SPSS 22.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL), and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Radiopacities were the most increased at 1 year postoperative in group 3; groups 2 and 3 did not show statistically significant differences, whereas groups 1 and 3 were statistically significant. In terms of radiographic bone healing with clinical regeneration of the exposed IAN, healing occurred in all patients, although the best healing was achieved in group 2.
This autogenous partial bone chip grafting procedure to cover the exposed IAN is suggested as a new surgical protocol for the treatment of cystic lesions associated with the IAN.
Myoepithelioma of the Soft Palate
Authors: Ata Nurdoğan 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Myoepitheliomas are extremely rare salivary gland tumors. Myoepithelioma of salivary glands comprised only 1% of all salivary tumors, most commonly occurring in the parotid gland followed by the minor salivary glands in the oral cavity. Involvement of the soft palate is a rare occurrence. This tumor is usually benign, and its treatment is total lesion excision. Here, the author reports a case of myoepithelioma of the soft palate in a 42-year-old Turkish man. The mass was removed by local excision under general anesthesia. There was no recurrence during the follow-up period of 10 months.
Use of Simulation in Multimodal Researcher Training for Observational Studies
Authors: Pecanac Kristen E. , Rainbow Jessica G. , Doherty-King Barbara , Steege Linsey M. 
Published: October 2017

Summary Statement
Researchers employing observational studies need to develop a coding scheme that is robust enough to measure behaviors of interest adequately. However, the more intricate the coding scheme, the more difficult it is for observers to code correctly and consistently. The purpose of this article is to describe the use of a simulation suite in a multimodal training approach to accommodate a complex coding structure and achieve observer agreement. The observer training included explanation of codes and technology, coding of simulation video, and observer-trainer hospital practice. The simulation video consisted of hypothetical nurse-patient scenarios filmed in a simulation suite that mimicked the hospital setting. Researchers should consider using simulation suites in their training programs to achieve observer agreement in observational studies of complex behaviors in the ever-changing clinical environment.
Is It safe? Nonoperative management of blunt splenic injuries in geriatric trauma patients
Authors: Trust Marc D. , Teixeira Pedro G. , Brown Lawrence H. , Ali Sadia , Coopwood Ben , Aydelotte Jayson D. , Brown Carlos V.R. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND
Because of increased failure rates of nonoperative management (NOM) of blunt splenic injuries (BSI) in the geriatric population, dogma dictated that this management was unacceptable. Recently, there has been an increased use of this treatment strategy in the geriatric population. However, published data assessing the safety of NOM of BSI in this population is conflicting, and well-powered multicenter data are lacking.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective analysis of data from the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) from 2014 and identified young (age < 65) and geriatric (age ≥ 65) patients with a BSI. Patients who underwent splenectomy within 6 hours of admission were excluded from the analysis. Outcomes were failure of NOM and mortality.

RESULTS
We identified 18,917 total patients with a BSI, 2,240 (12%) geriatric patients and 16,677 (88%) young patients. Geriatric patients failed NOM more often than younger patients (6% vs. 4%, p < 0.0001). On logistic regression analysis, Injury Severity Score of 16 or higher was the only independent risk factor associated with failure of NOM in geriatric patients (odds ratio, 2.778; confidence interval, 1.769–4.363; p < 0.0001). There was no difference in mortality in geriatric patients who had successful vs. failed NOM (11% vs. 15%; p = 0.22). Independent risk factors for mortality in geriatric patients included admission hypotension, Injury Severity Score of 16 or higher, Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less, and cardiac disease. However, failure of NOM was not independently associated with mortality (odds ratio, 1.429; confidence interval, 0.776–2.625; p = 0.25).

CONCLUSION
Compared with younger patients, geriatric patients had a higher but comparable rate of failed NOM of BSI, and failure rates are lower than previously reported. Failure of NOM in geriatric patients is not an independent risk factor for mortality. Based on our results, NOM of BSI in geriatric patients is safe.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, level IV.
Mechanochemical feedback and control of endocytosis and membrane tension
Authors: Thottacherry Joseph Jose , Kosmalska Anita Joanna , Elosegui-Artola Alberto , Pradhan Susav , Sharma Sumit , Singh Parvinder P. , Guadamillas Marta C. , Chaudhary Natasha , Vishwakarma Ram , Trepat Xavier , del Pozo Miguel A. , Parton Robert G. , Pullarkat Pramod , Roca-Cusachs Pere , Mayor Satyajit 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPlasma membrane tension is an important factor that regulates many key cellular processes. Membrane trafficking is tightly coupled to membrane tension and can modulate the latter by addition or removal of the membrane. However, the cellular pathway(s) involved in these processes are poorly understood. Here we find that, among a number of endocytic processes operating simultaneously at the cell surface, a dynamin and clathrin-independent pathway, the CLIC/GEEC (CG) pathway, is rapidly and specifically upregulated upon reduction of tension. On the other hand, inhibition of the CG pathway results in lower membrane tension, while up regulation significantly enhances membrane tension. We find that vinculin, a well-studied mechanotransducer, mediates the tension-dependent regulation of the CG pathway. Vinculin negatively regulates a key CG pathway regulator, GBF1, at the plasma membrane in a tension dependent manner. Thus, the CG pathway operates in a negative feedback loop with membrane tension which leads to a homeostatic regulation of membrane tension.