bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social-LCA providing new insights and learnings for social responsibility—case pulp and paper industry
Authors: Pihkola Hanna , Hylkilä Eveliina , Paronen Essi , Markkula Annu , Liirus Henna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This paper presents the lessons learnt from testing the ORIENTING S-LCA methodology for a case product of Stora Enso, a globally operating forest industry company. The main purpose of the study was to explore what kind of additional insights and benefits the S-LCA method could provide compared to other existing social responsibility methods and approaches used by companies.

Methods
The paper briefly describes the applied ORIENTING S-LCA method and its application in the case study, focusing on main learnings gained and development needs identified. The S-LCA methodology proposed in ORIENTING builds upon the UNEP Guidelines for S-LCA (UNEP 2020) and the Handbook for Product Social Impact Assessment (Goedkoop et al. 2020). S-LCA methodology relies on the reference scale approach (RSA) and combines qualitative and quantitative evaluations for assessing social performance and social risk along the product’s life cycle. Social performance assessment approach was applied for company’s own processes covering several life cycle stages and the risk assessment for assessing the supply chain.

Results and discussion
Based on the case company’s experience, social assessments are currently conducted mainly on company or facility level. Moving towards product-based assessments could help gaining a more transparent view of products’ value chains and bring new possibilities for example to supplier specific sustainability audits. With the product-based S-LCA, the company could more easily identify, e.g., in which life cycle stage they would have most gaps on information and on which social matters, and take different stakeholders’ needs better into consideration in different life cycle stages. Areas that require further development concern especially data availability, assessment efficacy, and formulation of social topics.

Conclusions
The study demonstrates that the S-LCA methodology offers several benefits when addressing social sustainability issues in the pulp and paper industry. Comprehensive view over different social topics, life cycle perspective, and stakeholder identification are key elements of S-LCA that may support identifying relevant sustainability topics for the purposes of corporate sustainability reporting. Additionally, they can support defining appropriate mitigation actions that will be required for complying with the requirements related to corporate sustainability due diligence.
Social life cycle assessment of calves in Mexico and identification of barriers in the use of a generic database
Authors: Rivera-Huerta Adriana , Padilla-Rivera Alejandro , Galindo Francisco , González-Rebeles Carlos , Güereca Leonor Patricia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Social impacts regarding animal-based food are on the global agenda for sustainability development, especially due to reoccurring problems related to human rights, labor rights, decent work, and indifference to farm animal welfare. Social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) is considered an ideal tool for understanding social problems that may arise in the value chains of products and services. This study aims to (1) assess the social risks and opportunities associated with calf rearing using a generic database and (2) analyze the barriers of a generic database applied to S-LCA of animal-based food.

Methods
An S-LCA was carried out in the livestock sector, using midpoint indicators employing the Product Social Impact Life Cycle Assessment (PSILCA) database, based on 49 indicators. The functional unit was defined as producing 0.39 kg of live-weight calf in Mexico, a quantity corresponding to 1 USD necessary to assess the impacts with the PSILCA database. OpenLCA software version 1.10, 2020 was used to model the product system, incorporating foreground and background processes from the PSILCA database v.2. The results were analyzed to identify the critical indicators missing in the study, and the relevance of their inclusion was discussed.

Results and discussion
The highest impacts found are related to “trade unionism,” “certified environmental management system,” “sanitation coverage,” “public sector corruption,” and “drinking water coverage,” impacts that coincide with other studies of S-LCA in the agricultural sector. From the analysis of results, some limitations were identified in using the PSILCA database in animal-based food, such as the required granularity to discern slight differences between production systems, which can reduce understanding of the social implications in a differentiated way. Furthermore, indicators of the ethical treatment of animals and farm crime can be crucial in the agricultural sector in Latin America; therefore, these must be included in the social sustainability analysis of animal-based food.

Conclusion
The use of the PSILCA database highlighted key social risks associated with calf rearing in Mexico, specifically in relation to “safe and healthy living conditions” for the local community and “health and safety” for workers. However, the limitations of the PSILCA database, particularly its lack of granularity for the agricultural sector in the Latin American region, suggest the need for further interdisciplinary research. By integrating more region-specific knowledge and enhancing the database’s granularity, the evaluation of non-intensive livestock systems can be significantly improved, allowing for a more accurate representation of social sustainability in this context.
A case of complete response to radiotherapy combined with durvalumab and tremelimumab in a patient with unknown primary hepatocellular carcinoma arising in the lumbar spine
Authors: Tanaka Aiko , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Uchikawa Shinsuke , Fujino Hatsue , Ono Atsushi , Murakami Eisuke , Hayes Clair Nelson , Miki Daiki , Tsuge Masataka , Oka Shiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A 58-year-old man visited an orthopedic clinic complaining of pain in his right lower back and numbness in his lower limbs for one month. Imaging tests revealed a tumorous lesion from the left side of the second lumbar vertebra to the paraspinal muscles. CT-guided biopsy of the tumor was performed, and immunostaining results diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the liver showed signs of chronic liver damage, no primary tumor was found within the liver or in other organs. Blood tests showed negative hepatitis virus markers for both HBV and HCV. The tumor markers AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP were high. Because he developed spinal cord compression syndrome due to a lumbar tumor, radiation therapy and denosumab administration were performed. Subsequently, systemic therapy with durvalumab plus tremelimumab was started. In the year following the start of treatment, the tumor has shrunk, and no new lesions have been observed. Tumor markers have also decreased. We have experienced a case of HCC in the lumbar spine without a primary tumor in the liver. This is a very rare case, and the combination therapy with durvalumab and tremelimumab resulted in a complete response, which we consider to be a valuable case.
Assessing the Current Demography and Future Shape of a Minority Sub-Population: the Case of Liverpool UK Jewry
Authors: Sapiro Philip 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe paper sets out how a small religion-based sub-population based in a UK city, Liverpool Jewry, underpinned its planning for the future in the light of its reducing size and the consequent strain on the community’s infrastructure and resources. This was achieved by carrying out a voluntary census to provide information on the community’s current size (about 1800 individuals living in 900 households) and its age profile, household types and other characteristics. The census questions were designed to provide data that allowed future population projections to be developed. The low number of births in the community necessitated the devising of a novel approach to the fertility assessment, though mortality rates were derived in a traditional way. In particular, the various elements of migration were investigated via historical information and stated preference responses. The analysis facilitated the estimation of levels of future demand for educational, youth, cultural, religious, welfare and burial services, and the community’s ability to continue to provide those services. Whilst the subject of this paper is the Jewish community in the city of Liverpool, the approach set out here could be adopted by other minority groups, whether shrinking, growing or stable, in other localities and in other countries.
Methods for separating the noise produced by the wheels and track during a train pass-by
Authors: Thompson David , Zhao Dong , Squicciarini Giacomo , Toward Martin , Cierco Ester , Jansen Erwin , Dittrich Michael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRolling noise is produced by vibration of the wheels and track, induced by their combined surface roughness. It is important to know the relative contributions of the different sources, as this affects noise control strategies as well as acceptance testing of new rolling stock. Three different techniques are described that aim to use pass-by measurements to separate the wheel and track components of rolling noise. One is based on the TWINS model, which is tuned to measured track vibration. The second is based on the advanced transfer path analysis method, which provides an entirely experimental assessment. The third is based on the pass-by analysis method in combination with static vibroacoustic transfer functions which are obtained using a reciprocity method. The development of these methods is described and comparisons between them are presented using the results from three experimental measurement campaigns. These covered a metro train, a regional train and a high-speed train at a range of speeds. The various methods agree reasonably well in terms of overall trends, with moderate agreement in the mid-frequency region, and less consistent results at low and high frequency.
Communicative AI Agents in Mathematical Task Design: A Qualitative Study of GPT Network Acting as a Multi-professional Team
Authors: Schorcht Sebastian , Peters Franziska , Kriegel Julian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study explores the application of communicative AI agents, specifically a network of customized generative pretrained transformer agents, in designing mathematical tasks. It focuses on how these AI agents, functioning as a multi-professional team, can perform mathematical task design (concerning a collection of task activities and not curriculum materials/textbooks) through collaborative and context-aware communication. Concentrating on four perspectives—mathematical depth, language sensitivity, natural differentiation, and competence orientation—four different AI agents were instructed to evaluate and modify six mathematical tasks based on individual research knowledge bases. In a consensus-seeking process, the AI agents were connected via a chat chain, prompting multiple iterations to modify the tasks. The output (six AI-modified tasks) was then evaluated by six in-service teachers as human experts by making them choose blindly between the original and the AI-modified tasks and by then analyzing the additional comments to their decisions in qualitative content analysis. Furthermore, the AI-modified tasks were rated on a multidimensional Likert scale. The results indicate that for the AI-modified tasks, achieving a balance between substantial text generation and precise task formulation is crucial and was not always found in the GPT network output. At the same time, the combination of the four AI agents was able to enrich the tasks with potential solution approaches and specific calls to action.
Problematic Social Media Use, Retaliation, and Moral Disengagement in Cyberbullying and Cybervictimization Among Italian Preadolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Colella Gianluca Mariano , Palermiti Anna Lisa , Bartolo Maria Giuseppina , Servidio Rocco Carmine , Costabile Angela 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite existing research on the factors associated with problematic social media use (PSMU), cyberbullying (CB), and cybervictimization (CV) among youth, few studies have explored the relationships between these variables. Rooted in the Maladaptive Coping Theory, this study investigates the complex dynamics of digital behaviors among Italian preadolescents, exploring the interplay between PSMU, moral disengagement, retaliation, and their connections with cyberbullying and cybervictimization. A total of 489 participants (Mage = 11.90, SD = 0.783; 50.3% female) from schools in southern Italy completed an online self-report questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were conducted and correlations between variables were computed. Mediation and moderation analyses were performed using PROCESS in SPSS 27.0. The results of the study indicated that PSMU positively predicted both CB and CV. Moral disengagement (MD) was identified as a mediator in this association, elucidating the role of justifications and cognitive restructuring in facilitating negative online behaviors. Most notably, retaliation emerged as a moderator that amplified the effects of PSMU on cyberbullying and cybervictimization. These findings underscore the pivotal role of PSMU in shaping digital landscapes for preadolescents and highlight the need for tailored interventions. In addition, they highlight MD as a maladaptive coping strategy in the online realm, revealing its instrumental role in perpetuating negative online behaviors. This study’s insights suggest the need for interventions to address the complexity of young people’s online interactions and promote a safer digital environment.
Germination process impact on proximate, minerals, and phytochemicals of malt barley, Abyssinian purple-colored barley and wheat
Authors: Kassegn Hagos Hailu , Hshe Brtukan Gidey , Meresa Birhanu Kahsay , Berhe Mihret Hadgu , Tadesse Haftay Abraha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study we aimed to determine germination time impact on the proximate, minerals and phytochemicals content of malt barley, Abyssinian purple-colored barley and wheat grow in Southern highland of Tigray. Germination evenly affected protein, carbohydrate, iron, calcium, zinc, and phenolic. It also inversely affected the fiber, fat, ash, tannin, and anthocyanin content of the colored cereals. The crude protein content of raw cereals, which ranged from 6.30 to 8.40% increased after germination to 6.60–8.90%. Mineral element of mature cereals varied across cultivars and their level increased (171.4–223.3 to 227.3–249.8 mg/100 g) after germination. After 72 h germination time, condensed tannin concentration decreased from 2.27 to 5.24 into 0.20–3.6 mg GAE per 100 g. The phenolic content tripled from 63.5 to 189.6 mg GAE per 100 g in germinated samples. Anthocyanin of raw whole purple colored-barley had highest value (303.0 mg GAE/100 g) and followed by raw purple colored wheat (266.0 mg GAE/ 100 g). Both purple colored-barley and -wheat showed decreased TAC after germination, along with changes in protein, mineral and tannin. When after germination, it drastically decreased into 207.2 and 137.4 mg GAE/100 g. Germinated cereal which had higher protein and mineral content showed very strong positive correlation. A germination process should be accounted for improved utilization of these purple-colored cereals might be best alternative sources of malt. While germination inversely influenced to anthocyanins. Thus, it is vulnerable molecules that require special stabilization treatments during food preparation and processing.
Urothelial genotoxicity of environmental chemicals detected in the urine of healthy dogs and their owners
Authors: Peterson Hannah M. , Holler Jenna C. , Boswell Abby , Trepanier Lauren A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Major risk factors for urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) in people are smoking and occupational exposures. However, up to 30% of human UCC risk is still unexplained. Pet dogs develop UCC that models the clinical behavior of muscle-invasive human UCC. Dogs may therefore provide a useful model for non-tobacco, nonoccupational UCC risk. We previously found that nonsmoking human subjects and their pet dogs share exposures to the urothelial carcinogens acrolein and arsenic. We hypothesized that these urinary exposures would reach genotoxic concentrations in some individuals.

Methods:
We exposed immortal and primary human and canine urothelial cells in vitro to acrolein and inorganic arsenic and used the γ-H2AX and comet assays to measure DNA damage.

Results:
For acrolein, we found a genotoxic threshold of 1.1–4.4 μM in human cells and a threshold of 20.0–55.6 μM in canine cells. These findings are consistent with potentially genotoxic urinary acrolein exposures in 51% of healthy human subjects and 17% of pet dogs previously surveyed. For inorganic arsenic, we found a genotoxic threshold of ≥10 μM in canine and human cell lines. No healthy human or canine subject reached these urinary inorganic arsenic exposures when assayed at a single time point.

Conclusions:
Non-tobacco, nonoccupational acrolein exposures could increase the risk of early urothelial DNA damage in both people and pet dogs. Ongoing studies will assess these chemical exposures in the setting of UCC in both human and canine patients.
Humanitarian Surgery in 21st Century Armed Conflict
Authors: Wild Hannah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Modern 21st century armed conflict is characterized by a proliferation of nonstate armed groups, asymmetric warfare, and increased explosive threats such as improvised explosive devices (IEDs), barrel bombs, and cluster munitions. Over the course of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, casualty data analysis of preventable deaths led to a radical restructuring of military trauma care through the Joint Trauma System. These changes increased survival among critically injured casualties in Afghanistan from 2.2 to 39.9% from 2001–2017. Many of these practices have been incorporated into civilian trauma systems in high-resource settings (e.g., bystander tourniquet application for hemorrhage control, damage control resuscitation and use of whole blood, trauma registries to benchmark outcomes and quality improvement). In contrast, the structure of humanitarian surgical care in conflict remains largely unchanged. This talk synthesizes gaps and opportunities to translate advances made in military and high-resource trauma systems to humanitarian care in low-resource settings to reduce preventable morbidity and mortality among civilians in conflict.

Learning Objectives
Provide an overview of the unique demographic populations and surgical conditions (including both trauma and non-traumatic emergencies) encompassed by humanitarian surgical care.
Synthesize the evidence base on (a) civilian conflict casualty epidemiology and (b) trauma intervention in low-resource settings to provide a framework for context-appropriate translation of trauma care advances in military and high-resource settings to low-resource conflict settings.
Highlight gaps and opportunities for targeted research and operational interventions to improve care for vulnerable subpopulations (e.g., pediatric patients, burn victims), leveraging enhanced coordination between the health and protection clusters.
Comparing International Military Response to COVID Utilizing Three Interoperability Frameworks
Authors: Davis Terri 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic created a public health crisis worldwide. Healthcare workers became sick at a time when hospitals were overwhelmed with patients, leaving critical staffing shortages. International governments instructed their military assets to fill gaps in care and to initiate projects to promote public health efforts. The COVID-19 pandemic created a unique international military response to a biologic disaster.

Objective
This literature review highlights the non-conflict assets allocated, abilities utilized, projects completed, overall effectiveness, and lessons learned by the military community worldwide to support their local populace. This collated information is then compared using three interoperability frameworks to assess government responses. This data is then extrapolated to give recommendations for future civil-military actions occurring after climate change related disruption of healthcare delivery systems.

Methods
Medline (PubMed), SCOPUS, and CINAHL were searched for English language articles from 2020 with terms focused on the military, COVID-19, and collaboration. After data collection, the Joint Emergency Services Interoperability Program, Operational Interoperability Maturity Model, and Homeland Security Interoperability Continuum frameworks were utilized to evaluate collaboration and coordination between governments and military in response to the disaster.

Results and Conclusion
Data collection has been completed. Analysis and conclusion planned for completion by November 2023.
How Conflict Zone Trauma Stabilization Points Translate to the Resource Constrained MCI Response
Authors: Salio Flavio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Modern warfare has challenged the way in which far-forward medical assistance is provided in such settings. Since the existing approach and tools are insufficient for the changing landscape and humanitarian assistance, steps need to be taken to support an appropriate response. Of particular importance is the revision of a curriculum that fits the civilian medical system and facilitates its adaptation to the context and available resources.

Learning Objectives
Present the correlation between the asymmetry in warfare, the implementation of an integrated trauma system and its application in the management of civilian casualties.
Understand how lessons from the implementation of trauma care close to the frontlines contribute to generate a model for the provision of trauma care in asymmetric conflict.
Strike Insurance: The Labor Question and the Limits of Insurance
Authors: Kaminski Robert 
Published: October 2024

Turn-of-the-century America witnessed many forgotten risk-making experiments that probed the limits of insurability by stepping beyond the familiar fields of life, fire, and marine insurance. One attempted to underwrite firms’ lost profits during strikes.
The ensuing debates on strike insurance’s practicability revealed scientistic expectations of never-ending actuarial progress that united an otherwise-divided business community. Yet attempting to realize strike insurance quickly meant grappling with the limits of insurability. Labor strife’s fuzzy causality involving human agency forestalled the homogenous classification that underlay actuaries’ averaging. Thus, strike underwriters sidestepped actuarial ratemaking to offer uniform premiums to those deemed acceptable risks. This solution not only left them susceptible to adverse selection and moral hazard but also highlighted the limits of insurers’ ability to transform uncertainty into commoditized risk, more broadly.
Recognizing these limits has important historiographical implications. Based largely on studies of life insurance—the gold standard of insurability—the rise of financial risk management has claimed a central place in the history of American capitalism. This literature thus threatens to obscure the ongoing significance of unclassifiable, unquantifiable uncertainty. Uncovering forgotten risk-making projects like attempts to establish strike insurance, where Americans grappled with the limits of insurability, is thus a crucial corrective.