bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prävalenz und Risikofaktoren der felinen Hyperthyreose in einer Klinik population in Süddeutschland
Authors: Köhler Ines , Ballhausen Bianca Desiree , Stockhaus Christian , Hartmann Katrin , Wehner Astrid 
Published: February 2016

ZusammenfassungZiel: Die feline Hyperthyreose ist eine häufige Endokrinopathie bei älte ren Katzen. In früheren Studien wurden unausgewogene Ernährung, Schilddrüsen-Disruptoren, hohes Alter sowie fehlende Reinrassigkeit als Risikofaktoren diskutiert, ein endgültiger Auslöser bleibt jedoch unbekannt. Die Ziele dieser prospektiven Studie waren a) die Berech nung der Klinikprävalenz in einer Katzenpopulation in Süddeutschland, b) die Feststellung, wie häufig die Diagnose nach dem klini schem Verdacht bestätigt wurde und c) die Auswertung mutmaßlicher in- und extrinsischer Risikofaktoren anhand des Signalements der Katzen und eines Fragebogens. Methoden: Gesamt-Thyroxin (T4) wurde im Serum von 495 Katzen ≥ 8 Jahre gemessen und die Prävalenz mit einem 95%-Konfidenzintervall (95%-KI) berechnet. Abhängigkeiten zwischen Signalement und Hyperthyreose wurden durch den Student-T-Test, Chi-Square-Test und den Mann-Whitney U-Test analysiert. Das Signifikanzniveau lag bei 0,05. Zur Ermittlung extrinsischer Risikofaktoren diente ein logistisches Regressionsmodell. Ergebnisse: Bei 61 Katzen wurde eine Hyperthyreose diagnostiziert, was eine Prävalenz von 12,3% ergibt (95%-KI: 9,7–15,5). Ältere (p < 0,001) weibliche Katzen (p = 0,019; Odds Ratio 1,9) waren signifikant häufiger betroffen. Hauskatzen (Europäisch Kurz- und Langhaarkatzen) erkrankten häufiger als Rassekatzen (p = 0,016). Bei 164 Katzen wurde die Verdachtsdiagnose Hyperthyreose gestellt und in 20,1% (33/164) der Fälle verifiziert. In 2,4% (12/495) der Fälle war die erhöhte T4-Konzentration ein Zufallsbefund. Hyperthyreote Katzen wurden häufiger mit Nassfutter aus Aluminiumschalen (p < 0,013) gefüttert als nichthyperthyreote Katzen. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Re levanz: Ältere, weibliche Hauskatzen sind prädisponiert, an einer Schilddrüsenüberfunktion zu erkranken. Die Diagnose lässt sich häufig nach initialem klinischem Verdacht stellen, woraus in der Studienpopulation eine Prävalenz von 12,3% resultierte. Rückstände aus Aluminiumschalen oder das Nassfutter selbst scheinen eine Rolle in der Ätiopathogenese zu spielen.
Argumentasi Seputar Ineffability (Kualitas Tak Tertuliskannya Pengalaman Mistis)
Authors: Fazeli Seyyed Ahmad 
Published: February 2016

Penulis mencoba menganalisis beberapa argumentasi tentang tidak dapat diungkapkannya pengalaman mistis. Dari satu periode ke periode, abad dan tradisi yang berbeda, para mistikus atau sui (arif) telah mengemukakan hal yang sama, yaitu kualitas tak terekspresikan atau tidak dapat diungkapkannya (ineffability) pengalaman penyaksian atau visi mistis (syuhud). Teori ini pertama kali dikemukakan oleh William James. Kajian dan analisis atas argumentasi-argumentasi tersebut akan penulis mulai dengan terlebih dahulu membincangkan bagaimana James menganalisis gagasan tentang kualitas tidak terlukiskannya (ineffability) pengalaman mistis.
Pengalaman Rasional Eksistensi Tuhan : Pengantar Ontoteologi
Authors: Pari Fariz 
Published: February 2016

Pengalaman agama, menurut William James, adalah pengalaman berketuhanan, yaitu pengalaman relasional dengan Tuhan, dan di antaranya adalah tentang pengalaman pencarian eksistensi Tuhan. Ide tulisan ini diawali dari konflik diri, ketika membaca buku yang menjelaskan argumen-argumen tentang bukti-bukti keberadaan Tuhan dan argumen bantahan tentang bukti ke-tidak ada-an Tuhan, di antaranya dikemukakan dalam ilmu filsafat, ilmu-ilmu pengetahuan alam, seperti fisika dan biologi, ilmu pengetahuan sosial, antropologi,dan psikologi. Argumentasi yang dikemukakan kedua belah pihak mempunyai kekuatan yang seimbang. Artinya, argumen yang membuktikan keberadaan Tuhan tidak dapat meyakinkan atau merubah sikap bagi pihak lainnya, demikian juga sebaliknya, argumen yang membuktikan bahwa Tuhan tidak ada tidak dapat meyakinkan atau merubah sikap pihak yang mengakui keberadaan Tuhan. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa keberadaan Tuhan tidak dapat dibuktikan, baik ada maupun tidak ada. Pembuktian ada atau tidak ada Tuhan merupakan pengalaman relasional antara manusia dan Tuhan.
The Revolution of The Transcendence
Authors: Hanafi Hassan 
Published: February 2016

Contrary to the general and common idea that Islam etymologically means submission, surrendering, servitude or even slavery, this paper tries to prove just the opposite, that Islam is a protest, an opposition and a revolution. The term Aslama, in fact, is ambiguous. It means to surrender to God, not to yield to any other power. It implies a double act : ﬁrst, a rejection of all non-Transcendental yokes; and second, an acceptance of the Transcendental Power. Islam, by this function, is a double act of negation and afﬁrmation. This double act is expressed in the utterance “I witness that there is no god except the God.”
Citra Manusia dari Filsafat Psikologi ke Filsafat Antropologi (Refleksi tentang Manusia dalam Perspektif Mohammad Iqbal)
Authors: Ja’far Suhermanto 
Published: February 2016

Tulisan ini memfokuskan pada citra Manusia menurut Eksistensialisme dan Iqbal Citra manusia (kepribadian atau Ego) yang sebenarnya adalah amal (tindakan yang bermakna) bukanlah benda. Tindakan (gerak) kreatif itu mempunyai tujuan dan nilai spiritual yang diistilahkan dengan amal, di mana melalui amal manusia akan hidup mengalir dan abadi secara berkesinambungan. Meaningful Action (tindakan yang bermakna) merupakan sebuah dasar eksistensi manusia dalam mewujudkan dirinya. Iqbal merumuskan tindakan yang bermakna ini sebagai wujud dari cara berada manusia ketika berhadapan dengan realitas lainnya. Tindakan yang bermakna dalam konsep Iqbal diberi muatan ontologis-religius yang menekankan pada aspek moral spiritual Islam dengan istilah amal. Bahkan dengan tindakan yang bermakna (amal) inilah manusia sanggup mengatasi kemungkinan keabadian (immortality). Filsafat antropologi Iqbal berkaitan erat dengan konsep manusia dengan penekanan pada ego yang dikenal dengan istilah Khudi. Dalam menjelaskan makna khudi, Iqbal membaginya dalam dua pengertian, yaitu secara metaﬁsik dan etik. Iqbal dapat dikatakan sebagai seorang ﬁlosof Eksistensialisme Islam, karena pemikirannya tentang Ego menitikberatkan pada keberadaan manusia dalam hubungannya dengan Tuhan Alam. Apabila kita mencoba memadukan antara konsep manusia menurut Kierkegaard dan Muhammad Iqbal tentunya terdapat adanya persamaan dalam mengungkapkan konsep manusia. Dalam hal ini Kierkegaard menekankan bahwa manusia tidak pernah sebagai sesuatu “aku umum” melainkan sebagai “aku individual” yang sama sekali unik dan tidak dapat diasalkan kepada sesuatu yang lain. Hal ini senada dengan Iqbal, yang mengatakan bahwa, kehidupan seluruhnya adalah individual. Maka dalam hal inilah Iqbal memberikan konsep manusia sebagai “khudi yang metaﬁsik” di mana keberadaan manusia sulit dideﬁnisikan, karena adanya perbedaan satu dengan yang lain. Oleh karenanya, sikap manusia di dalam dunia senantiasa diusahakan agar dapat ditentukan dari sudut hidup batinnya yang sesuai dengan norma-norma umum (etis: Kierkegaard) yang kedua-duanya itu (etis dan estetis) seiring dengan konsep Iqbal tentang khudi yang etis. Karena baik Iqbal maupun Kierkegaard mempunyai konsep bahwa manusia adalah tidak punya kekuatan sama sekali, ada eksistensi yang lebih tinggi, dia adalah Tuhan. Dialah (Tuhan) merupakan segala ikatan yang umum. Dari sini tentunya ada perbedaan antara Iqbal dengan Kierkegaard dalam hal obyek. Kalau Iqbal, Tuhan dalam hal ini adalah Allah sedangkan Kierkegaard adalah Kristus.
Lokalitas, Islamisitas dan Globalitas : Tafsir Falsafi dalam Pengembangan Pemikiran Peradaban Islam
Authors: Abdullah M. Amin 
Published: February 2016

<div><p><strong>Abstract :</strong> This paper attempts to consider how the history of world religions, including the history of Islamic civilization, always have, through and documenting the cultural encounter, i.e. the relationship between center and periphery and the experience of the encounter in the frontier. Two-ways relationship shaping a dyadic pattern, that is the encounter of Muslim with the local culture in which the regional and national states dimensions is being ignored, or vice versa, and also an encounter of Muslim with the nation states which forgetting the aspirations and local culture, yet to meet and to relate the two with international issues, either an encounter of religion and international community as well, is almost impossible to bring about the new problems within the dynamics of the global era today. Thus, the role of philosophical interpretation and contemporary Islamic philosophy is to provide a discern socio-cultural analysis in its interplay more complete and accurate between regional, national and mondial.</p><p><em>Keywords : Philosophical interpretaion, cultural encounters, the perma-nence, the change, univocality of being, gradation of being, maqāṣid sharī’ah, interpreted sharī’ah, Islamicate</em></p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak :</strong> Tulisan ini mencoba menilik bagaimana sejarah agama-agama dunia, termasuk sejarah peradaban Islam, selalu mengalami, melalui dan mendokumentasikan proses hubungan perjumpaan yang bercorak kultural (cultural encounter), baik hubungan antara pusat dan pinggir (centre and periphery) maupun pengalaman perjumpaan di wilayah tapal batas (frontier). Hubungan dua arah yang bercorak diadik, yaitu perjumpaan pemeluk agama Islam dengan budaya lokal dengan melupakan dimensi regionalitas dan nasionalitas (nation states) atau sebaliknya, juga perjumpaan pemeluk agama Islam dengan negara-bangsa (nation states) dengan melupakan aspirasi dan budaya lokal, belum lagi menghubungkan dan memperjumpakan keduanya dengan isu-isu global-internasional (world citizenship), begitu pula perjumpaan agama dan masyarakat internasional dengan menepikan keterkaitannya dengan permasalahan lokal dan nasional (nation states) hampir-hampir tidak mungkin dapat menyelesaikan masalah-masalah baru pada era digital global seperti saat sekarang ini. Di sinilah peran tafsir falsaﬁ dan ﬁlsafat Islam kontemporer dalam memberi ketajaman analisis sosial kultural dan saling keterkaitan antara regional, nasional dan mondial yang lebih utuh dan akurat.</p><p><em>Kata kunci : Tafsir falsaﬁ, perjumpaan budaya (cultural encounters), yang tetap, yang berubah, univokalitas wujud, gradasi wujud, maqāshid syarī’ah, interpreted syarī’ah, Islamicate</em></p></div>
Agama dalam Pandangan Futurolog
Authors: Bakhtiar Amsal 
Published: February 2016

<div><p><strong>Abstract :</strong> Before modern era, religion became more dominant in daily life of human being because religion institution is the sole authority to dicide either religion aspect or scientiﬁc one. But in modern era, especially after some inventions of modern science and technology, secular scientist in the West very proud of his intellectual ability to explore the nature. They neglect religion and even accused religion as an opium and illusion. In fact, human being cannot free from believing in Supra Natural Being because even though in the atheist community still respect the spirit of ancestors. Therefore, every effort to attack religion will fail because religion could not separated from basic need of human being and religion is the the sole doctrin of life in hereafter. Naisbitt, a famous futurolog, also declares that the spiritual of religion will become dominant in new era. </p><p><em>Keywords : Futurolog, knowledge, organized religion, fundamentalism</em></p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak :</strong> Sebelum era modern, agama menjadi lebih dominan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari manusia karena institusi agama adalah otoritas tunggal untuk memutuskan, baik aspek agama atau yang ilmiah. Tetapi dalam era modern, terutama setelah beberapa penemuan ilmu pengetahuan modern dan teknologi, ilmuwan sekuler di Barat sangat bangga akan kemampuan intelektual mereka untuk menjelajahi alam. Mereka mengabaikan agama dan bahkan menuduh agama sebagai candu dan ilusi. Bahkan, manusia tidak bisa bebas dari percaya pada keberadaan Supra Natural, meskipun komunitas ateis masih menghormati roh leluhur. Oleh karena itu, segala upaya untuk menyerang agama akan gagal karena agama tidak bisa dipisahkan dari kebutuhan dasar manusia dan agama adalah satu-satunya doktrin kehidupan di akhirat. Naisbitt, seorang futurolog terkenal, juga menyatakan bahwa spiritual agama akan menjadi dominan dalam era baru.</p><p><em>Kata kunci : Futurolog, ilmu, agama formal, fundamentalisme</em></p></div>
Scaling Laboratory-Data Surfactant-Imbibition Rates to the Field in Fractured-Shale Formations
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Zhang Jin , Butler Raymond , Olatunji Kayode 
Published: February 2016

Summary
By use of existing methods, typical oil-recovery factors from the Bakken and other shale formations are low, typically less than 5% of original oil in place (OOIP). We are investigating the use of surfactant imbibition to enhance oil recovery from oil shale or other tight rocks. Much of our previous work has measured surfactant-imbibition rates and oil-recovery values in laboratory cores from the Bakken shale, Niobrara chalk/shale, and Eagle Ford formations. With optimized surfactant formulations at reservoir conditions, we observed oil-recovery values up to 20% of OOIP incremental over brine imbibition. However, whether surfactant imbibition will be a viable recovery process depends on achieving sufficiently high oil-production rates in a field setting. This, in turn, depends on three factors: the area of formation contact (through fractures and microfractures) when/where the surfactant formulation is introduced; the rates of surfactant imbibition; and the distances of surfactant imbibition into the rock and ultimate oil-displacement effectiveness. In this paper, we use analytical models to scale laboratory surfactant-imbibition rates to a field scale in fractured-shale formations.
In laboratory cores, we observed imbibition rates that varied inversely with time. Dimensionless scaling groups were applied that compensate for the effects of sample size and shape, boundary conditions, permeability, porosity, and viscosity. Calculations were made of available fracture area, assuming typical horizontal-well lengths and transverse-induced-fracture spacing in typical Bakken wells. These fracture areas were coupled with our imbibition-scaling groups to estimate oil-recovery rates in a field setting. Considering realistic timing, surfactant imbibition will generally not proceed more than a few meters into the low-permeability shale/chalk formations. These calculations indicate insufficient fracture area to provide a viable imbibition process if only the induced-fracture area is considered. However, recent results from geological, microseismic, and pressure-transient studies indicate considerably greater area associated with natural microfractures in our target formations. When the increased area suggested by the presence of microfractures is included in our analyses, the surfactant-imbibition process appears quite promising.
MPD Equipment Selection for a Deepwater Drillship
Authors: Reimer C. R. , Moore D. D. , Dysart R. , Goodwin B. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper illustrates what is required to select and install an MPD system on a deepwater drillship by following a recent example of such an installation. It addresses some of the things that should be considered when choosing equipment to ensure that the equipment will be safe, properly sized, efficient, redundant, and capable of performing all the functions expected of an MPD operation. The relative merits of choosing equipment from various suppliers instead of a single source provider, as is more commonly done in the industry, is examined. Installation and incorporation into the rig package and how conventional operations are impacted are also discussed.
MPD Application for Ultra-HPHT Wellbore
Authors: Starkey Craig , Webre Travis , Rafferty Mike , Fredericks Paul , Hobin John 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A rank exploration well drilled in Southwest Louisiana recently with Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) techniques reached new operating levels for depth, pressure, and temperature. The exploration well reached a total depth of 29,426 ft at a maximum bottomhole pressure (BHP) and temperature of ~30,000 psi and ~500° F, respectively.
Below 15,000 feet, the increased solubility of gas posed a particularly difficult risk for kick detection. The need for precise kick detection was magnified further by the uncertain magnitude of the pore pressure, the reduced kick tolerance, and well conditions conducive to swabbing during tripping operations. Managed pressure drilling techniques were employed to mitigate these risks.
This paper will describe the processes that were used to identify the functional requirements and limitations of the MPD equipment that was selected to achieve the well objectives. The MPD process flow paths were designed early in the planning phase of the project to minimize any potential misapplication of MPD techniques during the execution phase. The paper will also include a description of the substructure vertical space limits that are created when installing MPD equipment. These designs were also completed in the early planning phase because the stack-height design defines the substructure spacing requirements, which can have a significant impact on rig selection and substructure requirement.
The case history presented in this paper will document: The successful early detection of influxes of less than 3 barrelsThe implementation of managed pressure stripping procedures that resulted in increased tripping speedsThe application of MPD techniques that reduced the time spent circulating and managing gas at surface
The above actions saved ample amounts of rig time in each of these areas. Additional MPD techniques were utilized to perform dynamic leak off and in-flow tests which yielded accurate data that will be used to refine earth models for possible future well applications. Key improvement opportunities were identified during the execution phase through daily communication meetings with the service provider, which were used to improve MPD plans, procedures, and reliability.
Achieving Zonal Isolation Using Automated Managed Pressure Cementing
Authors: Russell Evan , Katz Aaron , Pruett Bradley 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
With more wells drilled into hydrocarbon bearing formations, operators are forced to drill into challenging plays with narrow pressure margins. Successful drilling in depleted zones with isolated, high-pressured fractures is difficult and requires managed pressure drilling (MPD). Once the well is drilled, the operator should achieve zonal isolation by pumping cement across the zones of concern without inducing lost circulation or gains. Managed pressure cementing (MPC) pumps cement in a hydrostatically underbalanced environment with pressure applied at surface using an automated choke system (ACS) to maintain a target equivalent circulating density (ECD) between the highest pore pressure (PP) and the lowest fracture gradient (FG) of the well. Communication between cementing operations and MPD software allows automatic system adjustment without manual input. The MPD hydraulic model tracks multiple fluids with different densities, rates, and rheological properties throughout the wellbore. A rig pump diverter (RPD) allows for constant bottomhole pressure (BHP) by manipulating the surface choke pressure if unplanned shutdowns occur. Successful MPC operations have been conducted using the ACS in the Paradox Basin with narrow pressure windows and in the Piceance Basin with high reservoir pressure zones. The nature of cement operations can be unpredictable, but through the automatic managed pressure cementing (AMPC) process, a target ECD can be identified and constant BHP maintained to design and deliver dependable barriers tailored to minimize risk and maximize production.
Potential Impacts Of A US/Mexico Trans-boundary Oil Spill
Authors: Kelly Wilson 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Potential impacts of a US/Mexico trans-boundary oil spill

Objectives
Discuss the plan and exercise developed by the US and Mexico to manage an oil spill that migrates across the international boundary and requires a responsible spiller to address the pollution from an un-controlled blowout in a coordinated and effective response.

Methods
The US Government and Mexico have cooperated for over a two decades to develop the MEXUS plan and exercise for a trans-boundary spill. The genesis is a result of the 1979 Ixtoc blowout and spill which originated in the Bay of Campeche and impacted the US. The plan was written based on near shore and shoreline response where critical response resources would need to transit the border and many responsible party management issues would challenge a response. This assumption has changed with the deep-water drilling and production in the Gulf of Mexico.

Results
The deep water oil and gas industry has moved into deeper water farther from shore and several operators are now just less than 50 miles from the international boarder but 200 + miles from the closest land. The MEXUS plan had not really contemplated an uncontrolled deep-water blowout in the central Gulf of Mexico such a short distance from the international boarder. Some of the alternative response technologies have a potential to impact the economic zone of either Mexico or the US. This poses major logistical and regulatory challenges that need to be worked before an incident occurs to make timely decisions during a response. Mexico and the US made a decision in 2014 to seek a responsible party with operations in the area described and conduct a multiyear planning and exercise process to answer many of these critical questions.

How this helps
Because of this work, coordination processes and industry continuity questions will be addressed and contingences are being developed to address many response questions.
High Precision Temperature – Spectral Noise Logging (HPT-SNL) at Well ‘X’ to Identify Zonal Contribution & Behind Casing Communication – A Case Study
Authors: Nadeem Amir , Stairs Michael , Ahmad Tofeeq , Hassan Syed Saadat , Ali Usman , Usman Munawar 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Well ‘X’ was drilled in a gas condensate reservoir located in Kirthar fold belt with the primary target of P & R formations. During CIT of P formation in April 2012 the well was tested at 4.03 MMscfd gas, 1543 STB/day condensate & 1670 bbls/day water at a FWHP of 309 psi. Available production logging surveys with water & gas holdup tools were performed twice to identify the water producing zones; however the results were inconclusive as commonly used production logging tools are able to identify production contribution only across the perforated intervals and cannot detect behind casing communication and flow within reservoir.
The well had been shut-in as plant was not ready for tie-in, so opportunity was taken to conduct HPT-SNL suite (in memory mode with slickline) in August 2013 which resulted not only in identifying the water producing zones but also confirmed hydrocarbon influx zones above perforated interval and flow behind casing from above perforated interval. HPT is a high precision temperature tool with resolution of 0.003oC and response time less than 1 second to capture any small flow, whereas SNL is spectral noise logging tool which can scan noise spectrum through multiple barriers for evaluation of any cross flow behind casing and leakages.
Based on HPT-SNL results, water shut-off was performed which considerably reduced water production (from 1318 to 520 bbls/day), consequently reducing WGR (from 628 to 244 bbls/MMscf) with no change in gas rate whereas increase in condensate production was observed (from 330 to 855 STB/day).
This paper describes the complete case study of diagnostic logging followed by remedial work to optimize the producing asset value.