bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell-Specific PKM Isoforms Contribute to the Maintenance of Different Forms of Persistent Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Hu Jiangyuan , Adler Kerry , Farah Carole Abi , Hastings Margaret H. , Sossin Wayne S. , Schacher Samuel 
Published: February 2017

Multiple kinase activations contribute to long-term synaptic plasticity, a cellular mechanism mediating long-term memory. The sensorimotor synapse ofAplysiaexpresses different forms of long-term facilitation (LTF)—nonassociative and associative LTF—that require the timely activation of kinases, including protein kinase C (PKC). It is not known which PKC isoforms in the sensory neuron or motor neuron L7 are required to sustain each form of LTF. We show that different PKMs, the constitutively active isoforms of PKCs generated by calpain cleavage, in the sensory neuron and L7 are required to maintain each form of LTF. Different PKMs or calpain isoforms were blocked by overexpressing specific dominant-negative constructs in either presynaptic or postsynaptic neurons. Blocking either PKM Apl I in L7, or PKM Apl II or PKM Apl III in the sensory neuron 2 d after 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) treatment reversed persistent nonassociative LTF. In contrast, blocking either PKM Apl II or PKM Apl III in L7, or PKM Apl II in the sensory neuron 2 d after paired stimuli reversed persistent associative LTF. Blocking either classical calpain or atypical small optic lobe (SOL) calpain 2 d after 5-HT treatment or paired stimuli did not disrupt the maintenance of persistent LTF. Soon after 5-HT treatment or paired stimuli, however, blocking classical calpain inhibited the expression of persistent associative LTF, while blocking SOL calpain inhibited the expression of persistent nonassociative LTF. Our data suggest that different stimuli activate different calpains that generate specific sets of PKMs in each neuron whose constitutive activities sustain long-term synaptic plasticity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPersistent synaptic plasticity contributes to the maintenance of long-term memory. Although various kinases such as protein kinase C (PKC) contribute to the expression of long-term plasticity, little is known about how constitutive activation of specific kinase isoforms sustains long-term plasticity. This study provides evidence that the cell-specific activities of different PKM isoforms generated from PKCs by calpain-mediated cleavage maintain two forms of persistent synaptic plasticity, which are the cellular analogs of two forms of long-term memory. Moreover, we found that the activation of specific calpains depends on the features of the stimuli evoking the different forms of synaptic plasticity. Given the recent controversy over the role of PKMζ maintaining memory, these findings are significant in identifying roles of multiple PKMs in the retention of memory.
Mouth and Voice: A Relationship between Visual and Auditory Preference in the Human Superior Temporal Sulcus
Authors: Zhu Lin L. , Beauchamp Michael S. 
Published: February 2017

Cortex in and around the human posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) is known to be critical for speech perception. The pSTS responds to both the visual modality (especially biological motion) and the auditory modality (especially human voices). Using fMRI in single subjects with no spatial smoothing, we show that visual and auditory selectivity are linked. Regions of the pSTS were identified that preferred visually presented moving mouths (presented in isolation or as part of a whole face) or moving eyes. Mouth-preferring regions responded strongly to voices and showed a significant preference for vocal compared with nonvocal sounds. In contrast, eye-preferring regions did not respond to either vocal or nonvocal sounds. The converse was also true: regions of the pSTS that showed a significant response to speech or preferred vocal to nonvocal sounds responded more strongly to visually presented mouths than eyes. These findings can be explained by environmental statistics. In natural environments, humans see visual mouth movements at the same time as they hear voices, while there is no auditory accompaniment to visual eye movements. The strength of a voxel's preference for visual mouth movements was strongly correlated with the magnitude of its auditory speech response and its preference for vocal sounds, suggesting that visual and auditory speech features are coded together in small populations of neurons within the pSTS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans interacting face to face make use of auditory cues from the talker's voice and visual cues from the talker's mouth to understand speech. The human posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), a brain region known to be important for speech perception, is complex, with some regions responding to specific visual stimuli and others to specific auditory stimuli. Using BOLD fMRI, we show that the natural statistics of human speech, in which voices co-occur with mouth movements, are reflected in the neural architecture of the pSTS. Different pSTS regions prefer visually presented faces containing either a moving mouth or moving eyes, but only mouth-preferring regions respond strongly to voices.
Gynaecomastia in 786 adult men: clinical and biochemical findings
Authors: Mieritz Mikkel G , Christiansen Peter , Jensen Martin Blomberg , Joensen Ulla N , Nordkap Loa , Olesen Inge A , Bang A Kirstine , Juul Anders , Jørgensen Niels 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveGynaecomastia is a benign proliferation of glandular tissue of the breast; however, it is an important clinical observation because it can be the first symptom of an underlying disease. Some controversy exists concerning the clinical importance of an in-depth investigation of men who develop gynaecomastia. We hypothesise that a thorough work-up is required in adult men with gynaecomastia.DesignAll adult men (n = 818) referred to a secondary level andrological department at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen, Denmark during a four-year period (2008–2011) under the diagnosis of gynaecomastia (ICD-10: N62) were included.MethodsThirty-two men who did not have gynaecomastia when examined were excluded; leaving 786 men for final analyses. They underwent an andrological examination, ultrasound of the testicles and analysis of endogenous serum hormones levels.ResultsIn 43% of men with adult onset of gynaecomastia (≥18 years) an underlying, and often treatable, cause could be detected. In men younger at onset an underlying cause for gynaecomastia could be detected in merely 7.7%. The study is limited by the fact that we did not have access to investigate men who were referred directly by their GP to private clinics for plastic surgery or who sought cosmetic correction without consulting their GP first.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the importance of a thorough examination and provides a comprehensible examination strategy to disclose the underlying pathology leading to the development of gynaecomastia in adulthood.
From Embryo to Adult: piRNA-Mediated Silencing throughout Germline Development inDrosophila
Authors: Marie Pauline P , Ronsseray Stéphane , Boivin Antoine 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn metazoan germ cells, transposable element activity is repressed by small noncoding PIWI-associated RNAs (piRNAs). Numerous studies in Drosophila have elucidated the mechanism of this repression in the adult germline. However, when and how transposable element repression is established during germline development has not been addressed. Here, we show that homology-dependent trans silencing is active in female primordial germ cells from late embryogenesis through pupal stages, and that genes related to the adult piRNA pathway are required for silencing during development. In larval gonads, we detect rhino-dependent piRNAs indicating de novo biogenesis of functional piRNAs during development. Those piRNAs exhibit the molecular signature of the “ping-pong” amplification step. Moreover, we show that Heterochromatin Protein 1a is required for the production of piRNAs coming from telomeric transposable elements. Furthermore, as in adult ovaries, incomplete, bimodal, and stochastic repression resembling variegation can occur at all developmental stages. Clonal analysis indicates that the repression status established in embryonic germ cells is maintained until the adult stage, suggesting the implication of a cellular memory mechanism. Taken together, data presented here show that piRNAs and their associated proteins are epigenetic components of a continuous repression system throughout germ cell development.
Human Cell Assays for Synthesis-Dependent Strand Annealing and Crossing over During Double-Strand Break Repair
Authors: Zapotoczny Grzegorz , Sekelsky Jeff 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most deleterious types of lesions to the genome. Synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) is thought to be a major pathway of DSB repair, but direct tests of this model have only been conducted in budding yeast and Drosophila. To better understand this pathway, we developed an SDSA assay for use in human cells. Our results support the hypothesis that SDSA is an important DSB repair mechanism in human cells. We used siRNA knockdown to assess the roles of a number of helicases suggested to promote SDSA. None of the helicase knockdowns reduced SDSA, but knocking down BLM or RTEL1 increased SDSA. Molecular analysis of repair products suggests that these helicases may prevent long-tract repair synthesis. Since the major alternative to SDSA (repair involving a double-Holliday junction intermediate) can lead to crossovers, we also developed a fluorescent assay that detects crossovers generated during DSB repair. Together, these assays will be useful in investigating features and mechanisms of SDSA and crossover pathways in human cells.
Genome-Wide Screen for Haploinsufficient Cell Size Genes in the Opportunistic Yeast Candida albicans
Authors: Chaillot Julien , Cook Michael A , Corbeil Jacques , Sellam Adnane 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
One of the most critical but still poorly understood aspects of eukaryotic cell proliferation is the basis for commitment to cell division in late G1 phase, called Start in yeast and the Restriction Point in metazoans. In all species, a critical cell size threshold coordinates cell growth with cell division and thereby establishes a homeostatic cell size. While a comprehensive survey of cell size genetic determinism has been performed in the saprophytic yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, very little is known in pathogenic fungi. As a number of critical Start regulators are haploinsufficient for cell size, we applied a quantitative analysis of the size phenome, using elutriation-barcode sequencing methodology, to 5639 barcoded heterozygous deletion strains of the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans. Our screen identified conserved known regulators and biological processes required to maintain size homeostasis in the opportunistic yeast C. albicans. We also identified novel C. albicans-specific size genes and provided a conceptual framework for future mechanistic studies. Interestingly, some of the size genes identified were required for fungal pathogenicity suggesting that cell size homeostasis may be elemental to C. albicans fitness or virulence inside the host.
Transfer of Dorsoventral and Terminal Information from the Ovary to the Embryo by a Common Group of Eggshell Proteins in Drosophila
Authors: Mineo Alessandro , Furriols Marc , Casanova Jordi 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Drosophila eggshell is an extracellular matrix that confers protection to the egg and also plays a role in transferring positional information from the ovary to pattern the embryo. Among the constituents of the Drosophila eggshell, Nasrat, Polehole, and Closca form a group of proteins related by sequence, secreted by the oocyte, and mutually required for their incorporation into the eggshell. Besides their role in eggshell integrity, Nasrat, Polehole, and Closca are also required for embryonic terminal patterning by anchoring or stabilizing Torso-like at the eggshell. Here, we show that they are also required for dorsoventral patterning, thereby unveiling that the dorsoventral and terminal systems, hitherto considered independent, share a common extracellular step. Furthermore, we show that Nasrat, Polehole, and Closca are required for proper Nudel activity, a protease acting both in embryonic dorsoventral patterning and eggshell integrity, thus providing a means to account for the role of Nasrat, Polehole, and Closca. We propose that a Nasrat/Polehole/Closca complex acts as a multifunctional hub to anchor various proteins synthesized at oogenesis, ensuring their spatial and temporal restricted function.
GEOMORFOLOGÍA Y CARTOGRAFÍA DEL SECTOR CENTRAL DE CARTAGENA DE INDIAS – COLOMBIA
Authors: Furrier Max , Vargas-Cuervo German 
Published: February 2017

El presente trabajo se refiere a la caracterización geomorfológica, morfoestructural y morfométrica de la región inmersa en la hoja 23 III D, localizada al Noreste de Colombia. La utilización de las técnicas de geoprocesamiento para la evaluación geomorfológica y morfoestructural, además de intentar reforzar las hipótesis levantadas en estudios anteriores, es considerada relevante, pues los productos generados son notables para así evidenciar de manera concisa la morfología del relieve, donde la influencia morfoestructural y tectónica en su configuración y disposición es demasiado fuerte. Las técnicas utilizadas en esta investigación consistirán en la elaboración y análisis de las planchas hipsométrica, de inclinación de las pendientes y geomorfológica, perfiles topográficos y cálculos morfométricos. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de los análisis de los productos generados muestran que la configuración del relieve está vinculada a una fuerte influencia morfoestructural y tectónica, incompatibles con una evolución basada única y exclusivamente en los aspectos climáticos, además de una intensa erosión costera de influencia antrópica.
La experiencia vivida de la mujer con enfermedad cardiovascular revascularizada: un estudio de caso
Authors: Florez Torres Inna Elida , Giraldo Mora Clara Victoria , Arzuaga Salazar Maria Angélica 
Published: February 2017

Objetivo: Comprender los significados de la experiencia vividade una mujer revascularizada por enfermedad coronaria.Metodología: Estudio de caso fenomenológico con perspectivade género, realizado en Cartagena, Colombia, entre febrero y junio de 2015. El análisis temático estuvo guiado por el método de Van Manen. Resultados: La experiencia del cuerpo vivido significó percibir elanuncio de la enfermedad, prever los estragos sobre la corporeidad y feminidad, y anticiparse al sufrimiento. Las relaciones vividas significaron mantener un diálogo con un ser superior, una conexión de ayuda y dependencia con los cuidadores, Sentirse “al revés”: de cuidadora a cuidada. La experiencia del espacio vivido significó la entrada al quirófano: Atravesar la raya roja; la estancia en la unidad de cuidado intensivo, recibir un cuidado en soledad; salir de ella, la alegría de ganar una lucha. El tiempo vivido significó un punto dequiebre entre el antes y el ahora, un tránsito temporal de la experiencia, y recuperarse para mantener el rol. Las cosas vividas significaron una preocupación anticipada y una pérdida del dominio del rol.Conclusión: Los significados otorgados a la experiencia permiten comprender su particularidad existencial. Durante la espera para la cirugía, la mujer se anticipa a los efectos sobre el rol social, sus dinámicas e interacciones; al enfrentarse al procedimiento, vive una situación límite. Intervenciones sensibles al género son requeridas para reconocer las necesidades de la mujer en los diferentes contextos de cuidado.
Intensive Class Training Model for Developing Lecturers’English Competence at IAIN Imam Bonjol Padang
Authors: Darmayenti Darmayenti , Nofiadri Nofel 
Published: February 2017

Research and Development (RD) project was used to develop lecturers’ English competence particularly on speaking and writing at State Institute of Islamic Studies of Imam Bonjol Padang. The lecturers need to develop their competence in English in order to prepare themselves to add new information of lecturing materials and writing papers. Borg and Gall’s steps were used to develop the model. Twenty active lecturers who had s2 and s3 program, who were randomly selected, participated on this research. During the process of the research, observation, questionnaire, and TOEFL test, speaking and writing tests were used to collect the data. The experimental research type and one group pre test- post test design were used to conduct the research. The result of the research showed that 74% of respondents need intensive class training model to develop their English competence. The implementation of intensive class training model gave a significant effect toward lecturers’ English competence. It is concluded that this model is more effective to improve lecturers’ on English competences. Therefore, it is recommended that this model can be implemented at IAIN Imam Bonjol Padang in order to develop lecturers’ English competences and to enhance the quality of lecturers.
The Effect of Jigsaw towards Third Year Students’ Learning Interest in IAIN Bukittinggi
Authors: Hasnawati Hasnawati 
Published: February 2017

This research aims to determine: 1). The implementation of Jigsaw in test and evaluation course for third semester students of Islamic education department in IAIN Bukittinggi; 2). The types of students’ learning interest in test and evaluation course; and 3). The effect of Jigsaw towards students’ learning interest at Islamic education department in IAIN Bukittinggi. This research was conducted through survey method using regression analysis with one predictor. The total population in this research is 353 students in which 11.9% of them is taken as sample (42 students). The data were collected through questionnaire, documentation, and observation. The findings of the study showed that: 1). Jigsaw is in the “average” category with the mean score 66 in 65-67 interval; 2). Third semester students’ learning interest of Islamic education department in IAIN Bukittinggi is in “average” category with the mean score of 65.95 in 65-67 interval; and 3). There is a positive effect of Jigsaw towards learning interest in test and evaluation course for third semester students of Islamic education department in IAIN Bukittinggi, which is demonstrated from the statistical analysis rxy= 0.6365 while from hypothesis testing by simple regression analysis, it is obtained that Y = 0.5182 X + 31.3701. it is concluded that there is significant effect of Jigsaw towards students’ learning interest in test and evaluation course for third semester students of Islamic education major in IAIN Bukittinggi.
The Contributions of Quranic Tahfidz to Mental Health
Authors: Trinova Zulvia , Wati Salmi 
Published: February 2017

One of the miracles of the Quran is believed to influence the human’s mental health, particularly to those who can memorize it. The Huffazh (Quranic Tahfidz) has been discussed in many verses, but only recently that scientific investigation gauged this issue, resulted in tremendous efforts to implant it among Muslim communities. The current study seeks to uncover the contribution of Quranic Tahfidz to mental health. Eight hundred and twenty- eight students studying Islamic Studies in the Faculty of Islamic Education and Teacher Training were interviewed, observed, and given questionnaires to find out their level of tahfidz and mental health. The findings revealed among other things that 62.5 percents of the respondents were the huffadz for 1 to 5 juz. The huffazh in 6 to 10 juz constituted 7.5 percents, and there were only 10 huffazhs who memorized up to 10 juz.
KELIMPAHAN UDANG PUTIH (Litopenaeus vannamei) DI PERAIRAN PROBOLINGGO DAN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Puspasari Reny , Suryandari Astri 
Published: February 2017

Dalam kegiatan budi daya udang vannemei selalu terjadi proses terlepasnya udang ke perairan. Sebagai spesies baru yang masuk ke perairan Indonesia udang vanammei perlu dikaji keberadaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dan kelimpahan keberadaan udang vannamei yang terlepas dari tambak ke perairan laut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa udang vannamei ditemukan di perairan Teluk Pangpang Banyuwangi. Udang vannamei tertangkap oleh alat tangkap sero, seser, dan jala pada jarak kurang lebih 500 m dari garis pantai pada kedalaman kurang dari 1 m dengan dasar perairan berlumpur. Kelimpahan udang vannamei pada bulan Oktober lebih tinggi dibandingkan bulan Juli. Ukuran udang yang tertangkap pada bulan Oktober lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan udang yang tertangkap pada bulan Juli. In the vannamei culture processes, there are always some vannamei escapes to the sea. As a non indigenous species in Indonesia waters, the vannamei escape should be assessed. The purpose of this research is to study the present and abundance of the vannamei escape from pond or hatchery to the sea. Research results show that vannamei are found in the Pangpang Bay Banyuwangi near by the coastal around 500 m from coastal line down to a depth of approximately 1 m in the muddy bottom substrate. Vannamei are caught by trap net (sero, jala, and seser). The abundant of vannamei caught was in higher October are higher than July but the vannemei size was bigger in July than that in October.
JENIS-JENIS DAN KEPADATAN IKAN KARANG DI PULAU PENATA BESAR, LEMUKUTAN, DAN PULAU KABUNG, PERAIRAN KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Edrus Isa Nagib , Siswantoro Yudi , Suprihanto Imam 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian yang dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2004 ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi ikanikan yang hidup dan berasosiasi dengan karang serta memprediksi faktor-faktor penghambat yang mempengaruhi keberadaan di wilayah perairan pulau-pulau kecil di Kalimantan Barat.Metode yang digunakan adalah sensus visual pada transek garis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah jenis ikan karang berkisar antara 36 sampai dengan 51 jenis dengan kepadatan antara 10 sampai dengan 15 individu per m2. Rata-rata untuk Indeks keanekaragaman jenis (H), Indeks Dominasi (D), Indeks Keseimbangan (E), dan Irian Jaya Reef Diversity Index masing-masing 2,7; 0,1; 0,7; dan 4,5. Persentase ikan kelompok mayor rata-rata 66%, kelompok ikan target 19%, dan kelompok ikan indikator 15%. Sedangkan rata-rata persentase penggolongan ikan berdasarkan pada nilai ekonomi 66% ikan ekonomis rendah, 17% ikan ekonomis sedang, dan 17% ikan ekonomis tinggi. Faktor pembatas distribusi ikan adalah kekeruhan air yang cukup tinggi yang disebabkan oleh sedimen dari daratan. A study conducted in June 2004 aims to obtain data and information of fish living on and associating to coral reefs, and also to assume limitting factors for fish distribution. A sampling method used was visual census on a transect line. The result shows that the number of coral fish ranged from 36 to 51 species. The density of coral fish ranged from 10 to 15 indivdual per m2. The means of Diversity Indeces (H), Dominance Indeces (D), Eveness Indeces, and Irian Jaya Reef Diversity Index indeces were 2.7; 0.1; 0.7; and 4.5, respectively. The percentages of a major fish group, a target fish group, and an indicator fish group were average of 66, 19, and 15%, respectively. The mean percentages of marketable based fish groups consisted of 66% of low valuable fishes, 17% of fair valuable fishes, and 17% of high valuable fishes. The low level of body water transfarancy due to upland sediment was a limitting factor for the attendance of coral fish in the coral reef area of study sites.