bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides alleviate early brain injury in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage by inhibiting the KDR-mediated P38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Wan Yu-hui , Chen Xiang-xin , Cheng Zeng-jing , Fan Ling-xiang , Yang De-hong , Chen Bing-lin , Zhu Qing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. In its early stages, the substantial influx of blood into the subarachnoid space triggers excessive activation of microglial cells, which markedly contributes to early brain injury, a pivotal determinant of poor prognosis. Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides, as acidic heteropolysaccharides from the fruiting bodies of Tremella, exhibit robust anti-inflammatory characteristics and a plethora of biological properties. Nonetheless, the impact of TFPS on EBI subsequent to SAH has yet to be documented, and the elucidation of its underlying molecular mechanisms remains elusive. The objective of this study is to elucidate the effects and potential mechanisms of TFPS on EBI in SAH.
Methods
We used in vivo and in vitro models to study TFPS effects on microglia post-SAH. Network pharmacology analysis predicted TFPS targets and intervention pathways. These predictions were subsequently corroborated through flow cytometry, Western blotting, Immunofluorescent, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, and Quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction, both in vivo and in vitro.
Results
After 24 hours, TFPS-treated mice showed improved neurological function and reduced cerebral edema post-SAH. TFPS reversed microglial activation, enhanced phagocytic capability, and reduced neuronal apoptosis. Network pharmacology identified KDR as a potential target, with the P38 MAPK pathway as the downstream pathway. TFPS attenuated KDR expression, inhibited the P38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway, reduced inflammatory cytokine expression, and improved microglial phagocytic capacity post-SAH.
Conclusion
This investigation posits that TFPS may ameliorate EBI in SAH, potentially via the regulation of the KDR-mediated P38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway and phagocytic function.
Characterization of the transcriptional cellular response in midgut tissue of temephos- resistant Aedes aegypti larvae
Authors: Helvecio Elisama , Rezende Antonio Mauro , Bezerra Maria Jose Ribeiro , de-Melo-Neto Osvaldo Pompílio , Santos Maria Alice Varjal Melo , Romão Tatiany Patrícia , Ayres Constância Flávia Junqueira 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Resistance to organophosphate compounds is a serious concern in dealing with the control of mosquito vectors. Understanding the genetic and molecular basis of resistance is important not only to create strategies aimed at detecting and monitoring resistance in the field, but also to implement efficient control measures and support the development of new insecticides. Despite the extensive literature on insecticide resistance, the molecular basis of metabolic resistance is still poorly understood.
Methods
In order to better understand the mechanisms of Aedes aegypti resistance to temephos, we performed NGS sequencing of RNA from the midgut tissue of Aedes aegypti larvae from temephos resistant (RecR) and susceptible (RecL) colonies. Bioinformatics analyses were then performed to assess the biological functions of differentially expressed genes, and the sequencing data were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).
Results
The transcriptome analysis mapped 6.084 genes, of which 202 were considered upregulated in RecR, with genes representing many detoxification enzyme families, including cytochrome-P450 oxidative enzymes, glutathione-S-transferases and glucosyl transferases. Other upregulated genes were mainly involved in the cuticle, carbohydrates, and lipid biosynthesis. For the downregulated profiles, we found 106 downregulated genes in the RecR colony, with molecules involved in protein synthesis, immunity and apoptosis process. Furthermore, we observed an enrichment of KEGG metabolic pathways related to resistance mechanisms. The results found in RT-qPCR confirm the findings of the transcriptome data.
Conclusions
In this study, we investigated the changes in the transcriptome levels in an Ae. aegypti colony resistant to temephos. Our dataset showed that metabolic resistance mediated by multiple families of detoxifying enzymes is strongly associated with temephos metabolism, but other mechanisms may also contribute to temephos resistance in Ae. aegypti RecR colony.
Predicting Central Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Using a Fusion Model of Vision Transformer and Traditional Radiomics Based on Dynamic Dual-Modality Ultrasound
Authors: Zhu Peng-Fei , Zhang Xiao-Feng , Mao Yu-Xiang , Zhou Pu , Lin Jian-Jun , Shi Long , Cui Xin-Wu , He Ying 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to develop a novel fusion model based on dynamic dual-modality with B-mode ultrasound and superb microvascular imaging (SMI), combining Vision Transformer (ViT) and radiomics features to predict central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in thyroid cancer patients.
Method
In this retrospective diagnostic study, 310 patients with pathologically confirmed papillary thyroid carcinoma from two hospitals were included. We trained ViT models for B-mode and SMI, then extracted ViT and radiomics features from their video images. Initially, Single-modality models were developed, including the B-mode radiomics model (BMUS_RAD) and the B-mode ViT model (BMUS_ViT). Subsequently, Dual-modality models were constructed, encompassing the Dual-modality radiomics model (DMU_RAD), the Dual-modality ViT model (DMU_ViT), and finally, the integrated model DMU_RAD_ViT, to enhance the prediction of CLNM. The performance of each model was compared, and SHAP was utilized for the visual interpretation of the novel fusion model.
Results
Among all the models, the fusion model DMU_RAD_ViT performed the best (AUC = 0.901, p < 0.05). At the same time, the dual-modality model DMU_RAD(AUC = 0.856) and DMU_ViT(AUC = 0.832) is also higher than the single-modal model BMUS_RAD (AUC = 0.837) and BMUS_ViT (AUC = 0.789), respectively. SHAP analysis revealed that 16 radiomics and ViT features from both modalities contributed to the DMU_RAD_ViT model.
Conclusions
The Dual-modality fusion model, integrating both radiomics and ViT features, can be utilized to predict CLNM.
Evolutionary Dynamics of Prrs Virus in Italian Pig Farms: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Parisio Giovanni , Franzo Giovanni , Barbieri Ilaria , Carta Valentina , Stadejek Tomasz , Manenti Sonia , Campagna Debora , Faccini Silvia , Vignola Greta , Alborali Giovanni Loris , Boniotti Maria Beatrice 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) causes huge economic losses to pig farms worldwide. Currently available vaccines do not always offer complete protection, due to the extreme variability of the virus. Therefore, good farming practices must be improved to prevent the disease from spreading across the pig production system. In this study, we inferred the dynamics of PRRSV population in Italy by applying bayesian methods on our ORF7 sequence dataset collected during a 15-year period. Random subsets from the overall dataset were built to reduce analysis runtime. Calculated evolutionary rate was consistent between subsets and with other findings on PRRSV and other RNA viruses (4-7 x10-3 substitution/site/year) while Time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor was less consistent (from 1980 to 1990). Despite this, in all population dynamic reconstruction a massive increase in size calculated in early 2000s lasting until aroung 2010 was inferred. This spike is followed by very heterougenous dynamics with some differences between subsets, probably due to the random sampling. Geographical origin was inferred in Emilia-Romagna region despite Lombardy being the region with the hightest number of farmed animals and farm size. These findings reflect the choices regurading farm management and biosecurity taken in the last two decades, and not strictly related to PRRS. Phylogeny and phylogeography are powerful tools to better understand microorganisms population dynamics and make appropriate choices for disease control.
Potential persistence of under-nutrition among adult tuberculosis patients completing intensive-phase treatment at public health facilities in Kembata Zone, Central Ethiopia Region
Authors: Deffase Rediet A , Miller Emma R , Fuge Terefe G , Gizachew Addisalem 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Nutritional impacts of tuberculosis (TB) have long been recognised. Individuals with TB are assessed for under-nutrition during treatment initiation and receive regular nutritional counselling and support, including food supplementation, when the condition is detected. However, the extent of potential persistence of TB-related under-nutrition after completing intensive-phase of treatment remains unclear, especially in resource-limited settings.
Objective
This study aimed to assess the extent of under-nutrition and associated factors among adult TB patients completing intensive-phase treatment at public health facilities of Kembata Zone, Central Ethiopia Region.
Methods
We conducted a cross sectional facility-based study among 334 adult TB patients completing intensive-phase treatment. Participants were recruited using a cluster sampling technique. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between under-nutrition and explanatory variables. Odds ratios along with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated to identify factors significantly associated with under-nutrition using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The level of statistical significance was determined at P-value less than 0.05.
Results
Under-nutrition was detected in almost 19% of participants. Sociodemographic and clinical factors contributed to the presence of under-nutrition following intensive-phase of treatment. Not attending formal education (AOR: 4.2; 95%CI: 1.7–10.4) and living in a family of more than five (AOR: 2.3; 95%CI: 1.2–4.6) were sociodemogrphic factors associated with the presence of under-nutrition. Having extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) (AOR: 3.2; 95%CI: 1.4–7.6) and shorter length (less than four months) of treatment (AOR: 4.3; 95%CI: 1.9–9.5) were clinical conditions linked with under-nutrition.
Conclusions
Our study identified a higher prevalence of under-nutrition in the continuous-phase of TB treatment than the targets of clinical guidelines, which expect optimal nutritional status in all patients. This suggests potential persistence of poor nutritional status (or a lack of weight gain) from the earlier period of treatment. This may reflect lower understandings of the nutritional impact of TB in association with a lack of formal education, and a limited adequate diet due to a larger family size. Being in the earlier period of continuous-phase treatment and having EPTB also increased the likelihood of under-nutrition. Continuous monitoring and support is suggested throughout the treatment course with a particular focus on individuals with a lower socioeconomic background and EPTB.
Changes of the copepod community of Ganges estuary following tropical cyclone Yass
Authors: Paul Sourav , Karan Samya , Bhattacharya Bhaskar Deb 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are straining the lower food web of Indian estuaries but regular institutional monitoring of those changes is rare. For that the ‘Cyclone Ecology’ research program was established in February 2019 on the Muriganga stretch of the Ganges estuary. On 26 May 2021, a category-1 TC Yass disrupted the ‘Cyclone Ecology’ research program sites. A before-after impact assessment was conducted of the cyclone-mediated changes. Water and copepod samples were collected in the pre-Yass (November 2020 to March 2021) and the post-Yass (June 2021) periods. The aim was to assess changes in diversity and dominance of the copepod community following TC Yass. Post-Yass, estuary became polyhaline for a while losing its usual meso-haline characteristic. Species richness of the copepod community was higher during post-Yass than the pre-Yass period. During the pre-Yass, calanoid copepods Bestiolina similis, Paracalanus parvus and Acartiella tortaniformis co-dominated the community and Bestiolina similis was the most abundant species. Post-Yass abundances of the cyclopoid copepods were considerably higher than the pre-Yass. Further, Oithona brevicornis replaced Bestiolina similisas the most abundant species of the community. Spatial heterogeneity of the copepod community of the pre-Yass period temporarily lost in the post-Yass. Changed species richness, abundances, dominance and spatial heterogeneity of the copepod community even for a short-term may have consequences for the ecology of the lower food web of an estuary. Keeping United Nations Ocean Decade (2021-2030) as the baseline, a nation-wide cyclone impact monitoring and resilience plan of the lower food web of Indian estuaries is recommended.
The Differential Outcomes Procedure for improving the recognition of dynamic facial expressions of emotion in people with autism spectrum disorders and first-degree relatives
Authors: García-Pérez Ángel , González-Rodríguez Antonio , Godoy-Giménez Marta , Sayans-Jiménez Pablo , Cañadas Fernando , Estévez Ángeles F. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Previous research highlights impairments in the recognition of facial expression of emotion in individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Relatives of people with ASD may exhibit similar, albeit subtler, impairments, referred to as the Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP). Recently, the Differential outcomes procedure (DOP) has been shown to enhance this ability in young adults using dynamic stimuli, with fewer intensity levels required to identify fear and surprise. The present study aimed to extend these findings to adult diagnosed with ASD (ASD group), and relatives of people diagnosed with ASD (BAP group). A Bayesian Generalized Linear Model was employed for statistical inference. The results indicated that the ASD DOP group performed worse than the BAP DOP group in fear trials. The social dimension of autism negatively impacted performance in some conditions, while positive relationships were found between the repetitive behavior dimension and performance for the ASD group. The opposite pattern was observed in the BAP group. These results suggest the importance of considering different dimensions of autism when conducting research on its relationship with other variables. Finally, participants in both ASD and BAP groups required less intensity to identify certain emotions when the DOP was applied, highlighting its potential utility for improving dynamic facial emotion recognition.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome as a cause of chronic kidney disease stage 5 in children is in retreat; results from the Polish Registry of Renal Replacement Therapy in children ( 2000-2023)
Authors: Zagozdzon Ilona , Szczepańska Maria , Rubik Jacek , Zachwieja Katarzyna , Musielak Anna , Bratkowska Monika , Makulska Irena , Niwińska Katarzyna , Leszczyńska Beata , Bieniaś Beata , Janusz Katarzyna Taranta - , Kipigroch Hanna Adamczyk - , Żurowska Aleksandra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Backgroud Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a life-threatening disease with a poor prognosis in children receiving maintenance renal replacement therapy (RRT). The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence and outcome of chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD5) due to Escherichia coli-HUS (STEC-HUS) and complement-mediated HUS (CM-HUS) in children, compared to controls with non-HUS CKD5 over the last 24 years.
Methods The study included 1,488 children undergoing RRT in Poland between 2000 and 2023. Thirty-nine patients with CM-HUS and 18 with STEC-HUS were identified and analysed for incidence, RRT modality and survival.
Results The incidence rate of CKD5 was 0.09 cases/million age-related population (marp) for STEC-HUS and 0.23/marp for CM-HUS, while no new cases have been observed in recent years. CKD5 due to CM-HUS developed significantly earlier from initial HUS manifestation than in STEC-HUS (median 0,2 year vs. 9,8years). CM-HUS was associated with a younger age at initiation of RRT compared to STEC-HUS and non-HUS controls (median 6.0 years vs. 10.9 and 10.9 years), with a higher risk of death (Hazard Ratio 1.92, 95% Confidence Interval 0.9 - 4.13) and worse 5-year kidney graft survival at 77%, 93% and 90%, respectively (p<0.001).
Conclusions In recent years, both CM-HUS and STEC-HUS, have become an increasingly rare causes of CKD5 in children. In the eculizumab era CKD5 due to CM-HUS is exceptional. Children on RRT due to STEC-HUS had a significantly better survival, shorter waiting time for kidney transplantation and better kidney graft survival compared to the CM-HUS group.
WITHDRAWN: An Experimental Study on the Size Effect of Maximum Coarse Aggregate on the Inherent Anisotropy of Concrete's Compressive Strength
Authors: Jabbar Noor Fadhil , Akhaveissy Amir 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study conducts an experimental investigation into the inherent anisotropy of concrete during compressive tests, utilizing different material orientations (MOs) and mechanical parameters in the concrete. Specifically, the research focuses on performing a series of comprehensive tests to analyze compressive strength, compressive fracture energy, and failure angle of concrete samples with varying maximum coarse aggregate sizes (MCASs) in different MOs. The study includes designing three mixtures of normal concrete for an approximately constant compressive strength using three of rounded MCASs 4.75, 9.5 and 19 mm. Concrete cubes and lintels are cast, both unreinforced, along with three standard cylinders for each MCAS with diameter of 100 mm and 200 mm height (high to diameter ratio 2). After a curing period of 28 days in water, by using core drilling machine 75 samples with diameter 54 mm and height 97 mm (high to diameter ratio 1.8) are drilled from the concrete cubes and lintels at orientations 0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5° and 90° and standard cylinders are tested as well. The results show that the compressive strength and compressive fracture energy of concrete are significantly influenced by MCAS and MO. As the MCAS increases, the compressive strength increase and compressive fracture energy decrease. Additionally, it is observed that the compressive strength significantly changed respect to MO. The lowest compressive strength is observed at an angle of 45° with size 4.75 mm, while the highest is recorded at an angle of 0° with size 19 mm. The highest compressive strength was recorded for the sizes 19, 9.5 and 4.75 mm, respectively.
Promoting diverse teams in rehabilitation through adaptive digital diversity training: A study on participatory development, implementation and evaluation - A Study Protocol
Authors: Kempny Christian , Aksakal Tugba , Yilmaz-Aslan Yüce , Brzoska Patrick 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: The integration of foreign staff, upon whom rehabilitation facilities are increasingly dependent, poses numerous challenges. The primary challenge is effectively integrating new staff members into existing teams, ensuring smooth work processes. This project, with its pivotal goal of developing and evaluating a fully digital training program for rehabilitation facility healthcare staff and HR managers, underscores the crucial role of professionals in promoting diversity within teams. The training content will be tailored to meet the needs of both existing staff, including those with and without a migration history, and newly recruited staff from abroad. It will consider additional diversity characteristics such as culture, origin, gender, and age while ensuring objectivity and avoiding biased language.
Methods: The program will be developed using a participatory approach in collaboration with three rehabilitation facilities and their staff. The framework conditions and content of the training program will be developed using qualitative research methods. The initial stage will comprise three development workshops with 6 to10 target group representatives. To evaluate the process, a 'cognitive walkthrough' will be conducted with 8 to 12 individuals, while a qualitative evaluation of the effectiveness will be based on 8 to 10 problem-centered interviews.
Discussion: Adaptive learning may be an effective method for digitally delivering diversity training and assist in onboarding. This approach could be used to provide dynamically and automatically tailored learning paths that are made available as nudges, potentially allowing staff with limited time and budget to participate in diversity training.
Effect of surface texturing on friction and lubrication of Ti6Al4V biomaterials for joint implants
Authors: Ranuša Matúš , Odehnal Lukáš , Kučera Ondřej , Nečas David , Hartl Martin , Křupka Ivan , Vrbka Martin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The number of endoprosthetic implants for both large and small joints is increasing at a steady rate, thereby creating a growing demand for durable products that closely replicate the functionality of human joints. Notwithstanding the aforementioned advancements, challenges pertaining to implant fixation and tribological surfaces persist. The advent of progressive technologies, such as three-dimensional printing, offers a promising avenue for addressing these challenges in implant design and surface engineering. Ti6Al4V, renowned for its biocompatibility and osseointegration properties, represents a promising printable material, although it is susceptible to wear on articulating surfaces. In order to mitigate the effects of abrasion, it is essential to implement surface treatments to facilitate the formation of a robust lubricating film. This research investigates the potential of texturing and electrochemical polishing to enhance protein aggregation in the contact area. The study employs a reciprocating simulator and colourimetric interferometry to observe the contact area and measure the coefficient of friction (CoF) of modified surfaces. The findings demonstrate that textured surfaces and the combination of electrochemical polishing result in an increase in the thickness of the protein lubrication film, which may potentially reduce wear. These outcomes suggest the potential for the utilization of Ti6Al4V alloy implants with fewer elements manufactured by additive technology.