bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Domagrozumab (PF‐06252616), an Antimyostatin Monoclonal Antibody, in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Bhattacharya Indranil , Pawlak Sylvester , Marraffino Shannon , Christensen Jared , Sherlock Sarah P. , Alvey Christine , Morris Carl , Arkin Steven , Binks Michael 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSafety, tolerability, anabolic effects, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single ascending and multiple doses of domagrozumab, an antimyostatin monoclonal antibody, were assessed following intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) administration in healthy subjects. A range of single ascending dose levels between 1 and 40 mg/kg IV and multiple doses (3 doses) of 10 mg/kg IV were tested (n = 8 per cohort). Additionally, a 3 mg/kg SC (n = 8) cohort also received domagrozumab. Magnetic resonance imaging and whole‐body dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry imaging were conducted to investigate the anabolic effects of domagrozumab. Domagrozumab was well tolerated with no severe and 1 non–treatment‐related serious adverse event. The most commonly reported adverse events were headache (21 subjects) and fatigue, upper respiratory tract infections, and muscle spasms (10 subjects each). Domagrozumab demonstrated typical IgG1 pharmacokinetics, with slow SC absorption and slow clearance, low volume of distribution, and a long half‐life. Target engagement was observed with an increase in extent of myostatin modulation, plateauing at the 20 mg/kg IV dose. Downstream pharmacology following myostatin binding by domagrozumab was only observed in the 10 mg/kg single IV cohort (increase in whole‐body lean mass of 5.38% using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry) and the 10 mg/kg repeat‐dose cohort (muscle volume increase of 4.49% using magnetic resonance imaging).
Effects of Self‐Assembled Monolayer Modification of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Layer on the Performance and Application of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Qin , Chueh Chu‐Chen , Zhao Ting , Cheng Jiaqi , Eslamian Morteza , Choy Wallace C. H. , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEntirely low‐temperature solution‐processed (≤100 °C) planar p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer great potential for commercialization of roll‐to‐roll fabricated photovoltaic devices. However, the stable inorganic hole‐transporting layer (HTL) in PSCs is usually processed at high temperature (200–500 °C), which is far beyond the tolerant temperature (≤150 °C) of roll‐to‐roll fabrication. In this context, inorganic NiOx nanoparticles (NPs) are an excellent candidate to serve as the HTL in PSCs, owing to their excellent solution processability at room temperature. However, the low‐temperature processing condition is usually accompanied with defect formation, which deteriorates the film quality and device efficiency to a large extent. To suppress this setback, we used a series of benzoic acid selfassembled monolayers (SAMs) to passivate the surface defects of the NiOx NPs and found that 4‐bromobenzoic acid could effectively play the role of the surface passivation. This SAM layer reduces the trap‐assisted recombination, minimizes the energy offset between the NiOx NPs and perovskite, and changes the HTL surface wettability, thus enhancing the perovskite crystallization, resulting in more stable PSCs with enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.4 %, exceeding the control device PCE (15.5 %). Also, we incorporated the above‐mentioned SAMs into flexible PSCs (F‐PSCs) and achieved one of the highest PCE of 16.2 % on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate with a remarkable power‐per‐weight of 26.9 W g−1. This facile interfacial engineering method offers great potential for the large‐scale manufacturing and commercialization of PSCs.
Structural heterogeneity affects raptor assemblages and niche characteristics in mixed‐grass ecosystems
Authors: Atuo Fidelis A. , O'Connell Timothy J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLandscape function is largely determined by landscape structure. Evidence suggests that landscape heterogeneity often benefits generalists over sympatric specialists. The scale at which animals perceive that heterogeneity likely varies across species and could play an important role in determining the species assemblages supported by different landscapes. In this study, we investigated the relative importance of landscape heterogeneity in the structuring of raptor assemblages in mixed‐grass prairie. We compared niche breadth and overlap of 14 species in two landscapes that differed in heterogeneity. We used a modified line transect approach and distance sampling to determine approximate locations of raptors and mapped these locations in aGIS. We then compared land cover in buffered areas around detection locations to randomly selected locations at different scales. We calculated Outlying Mean Index to quantify niche breadth and compare among species. Species composition was similar in both landscapes, but niche characteristics differed according to heterogeneity. Raptor assemblages were better predicted by land cover composition in heterogeneous landscapes than by land cover configuration in homogenous landscapes. Outlying Mean Index analysis suggested that six of the 14 species occupied marginal niches and narrower niche breadths in homogeneous landscapes. None of these species demonstrated marginality but occupied broader niche breadths in heterogeneous landscapes. Our study provides evidence that heterogeneity is important in providing conditions necessary to support multiple, sympatric birds of prey in mixed‐grass prairie. Species overlapped broadly under heterogeneity but less in landscapes with larger patches of distinct land cover types.
Coast formation in an Arctic area due to glacier surge and retreat: The Hornbreen–Hambergbreen case from Spistbergen
Authors: Grabiec M. , Ignatiuk D. , Jania J.A. , Moskalik M. , Głowacki P. , Błaszczyk M. , Budzik T. , Walczowski W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGlacierised coasts undergo faster geomorphic processes than unglaciated ones. We have studied changes of the coastal area in southern Svalbard with the glacier bridge between Torell Land and Sørkapp Land since the beginning of the 20th century. The existence of a continuous subglacial depression beneath the Hornbreen–Hambergbreen glacier system has been debated since the 1960s, with inconclusive results. In this study we assess both the subglacial topography and the bathymetry of Hornsund Fjord and Hambergbukta bay. This included ~40 km of radar surveys over the glacial system and sea depth sounding. The extent of the glaciers from maps and satellite images together with digital terrain models and surface elevation data based on GPS profiling were used to analyse geometry changes of the glacier surfaces. The results confirm the existence of a continuous subglacial depression below sea level (c. 40 m deep) between Hornsund and the Barents Sea. The Hornbreen‐Hambergbreen system has changed in shape over the past century, reflecting its dynamic origin and activity, also exemplified by the sequential surges identified since 1899. There was a pre‐surge build‐up event of Flatbreen causing a surge and subsequent lowering of the Hornbreen‐Hambergbreen frontal parts by the 1960s. After, the entire surface lowered, albeit with a delay in the Hornbreen terminal zone. Since the year 2000, Hornbreen terminus has retreated at an average rate of 106 m a−1; ~50% faster than that of Hambergbreen. If the retreat continues at the 2000–2015 average rate, the ice bridge between Hornsund and Hambergbukta will be broken sometime between 2055 and 2065 and the Hornsund strait will separate Sørkapp Land from the Spitsbergen island. The processes and events described in this study, particularly the effects of the glacier surge, may provide a model for changes likely to occur in other coastal glaciated regions experiencing rapid change. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypersensitivity to low intensity fearful faces in autism when fixation is constrained to the eyes
Authors: Lassalle Amandine , Åsberg Johnels Jakob , Zürcher Nicole R. , Hippolyte Loyse , Billstedt Eva , Ward Noreen , Lemonnier Eric , Gillberg Christopher , Hadjikhani Nouchine 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPrevious studies that showed decreased brain activation in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) viewing expressive faces did not control that participants looked in the eyes. This is problematic because ASD is characterized by abnormal attention to the eyes. Here, we collected fMRI data from 48 participants (27 ASD) viewing pictures of neutral faces and faces expressing anger, happiness, and fear at low and high intensity, with a fixation cross between the eyes. Group differences in whole brain activity were examined for expressive faces at high and low intensity versus neutral faces. Group differences in neural activity were also investigated in regions of interest within the social brain, including the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). In response to low intensity fearful faces, ASD participants showed increased activation in the social brain regions, and decreased functional coupling between the amygdala and the vmPFC. This oversensitivity to low intensity fear coupled with a lack of emotional regulation capacity could indicate an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in their socio‐affective processing system. This may result in social disengagement and avoidance of eye‐contact to handle feelings of strong emotional reaction. Our results also demonstrate the importance of careful control of gaze when investigating emotional processing in ASD. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5943–5957, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcranial Doppler: a stethoscope for the brain‐neurocritical care use
Authors: Robba Chiara , Cardim Danilo , Sekhon Mypinder , Budohoski Karol , Czosnyka Marek 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTranscranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography is a noninvasive bedside monitoring technique that can evaluate cerebral blood flow hemodynamics in the intracranial arterial vasculature.TCD allows assessment of linear cerebral blood flow velocity, with a high temporal resolution and is inexpensive, reproducible, and portable.The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the most commonly used TCD derived signals and measurements used commonly in neurocritical care. We describe both basic (flow velocity, pulsatility index) and advanced concepts, including critical closing pressure, wall tension, autoregulation, noninvasive intracranial pressure, brain compliance, and cerebrovascular time constant; we also describe the clinical applications of TCD to highlight their utility in the diagnosis and monitoring of cerebrovascular diseases as the “stethoscope for the brain.”
The contribution of zooplankton to methane supersaturation in the oxygenated upper waters of the central Baltic Sea
Authors: Schmale Oliver , Wäge Janine , Mohrholz Volker , Wasmund Norbert , Gräwe Ulf , Rehder Gregor , Labrenz Matthias , Loick‐Wilde Natalie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report on methane enrichments that were observed during summer in the upper water column of the Gotland Basin, central Baltic Sea. In the eastern part of the basin, methane concentrations just below the thermocline varied between 15 nM and 77 nM, in contrast to the western part where no methane enrichments could be detected. Stable carbon isotope ratios of methane (δ13C‐CH4 of −67.6‰) indicated its in situ biogenic origin from CO2 reduction, which was supported by clonal sequences that clustered with Methanomicrobiaceae, a family of methanogenic Archaea. Incubation experiments with a Temora longicornis dominated seston fraction obtained from the relevant depth showed a positive correlation between seston concentration and methane production rates. Our results, in combination with previous literature outcomes, suggest that the methane enrichment in the eastern basin might be sustained by a diet‐consumer relationship between the dinoflagellate Dinophysis norvegica and the copepod T. longicornis. However, our mass balance indicates that a local methane production of 110 pmol L−1 d−1 was needed to maintain the methane enrichment, and that the estimated production rate from our incubation experiments of 0.3 pmol CH4 d−1 per adult T. longicornis (about 1 pmol L−1 d−1) was too low to maintain the methane enrichment by zooplankton associated methane production only. These calculations also showed that methane was consumed below the thermocline and not transported into the upper‐ocean, suggesting that other sources in the mixed layer in the range of 95 pmol L−1 d−1 are needed to maintain the observed methane air–sea flux.
Using isotope labeling to partition sources of CO2 efflux in newly established mangrove seedlings
Authors: Ouyang Xiaoguang , Lee Shing Yip , Connolly Rod M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) flux is a critical component of the global C budget. While CO2 flux has been increasingly studied in mangroves, better partitioning of components contributing to the overall flux will be useful in constraining C budgets. Little information is available on how CO2 flux may vary with forest age and conditions. We used a combination of 13C stable isotope labeling and closed chambers to partition CO2 efflux from the seedlings of the widespread mangrove Avicennia marina in laboratory microcosms, with a focus on sediment CO2 efflux in establishing forests. We showed that (1) above‐ground part of plants were the chief component of overall CO2 efflux; and (2) the degradation of sediment organic matter was the major component of sediment CO2 efflux, followed by root respiration and litter decomposition, as determined using isotope mixing models. There was a significant relationship between C isotope values of CO2 released at the sediment–air interface and both root respiration and sediment organic matter decomposition. These relative contributions of different components to overall and sediment CO2 efflux can be used in partitioning of the sources of overall respiration and sediment C mineralization in establishing mangroves.
Vertically challenged: How disease suppressesDaphniavertical migration behavior
Authors: Johnson Pieter T. J. , Stanton Daniel E. , Forshay Kenneth J. , Calhoun Dana M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractParasitic infections are increasingly recognized as influential forces in the migratory behaviors of hosts ranging from butterflies to whales. In aquatic zooplankton, diel vertical migrations (DVMs) are among the most recurrent behaviors with implications for predator‐prey interactions, nutrient cycling, and energy flow, yet how parasitism affects such migrations remains an open question. Here, we tested the effects of sporangia cluster disease (SCD) on DVM of the large‐bodiedDaphnia pulicaria, which is often considered a key component of lake food webs. By collecting depth‐specific zooplankton samples across diel cycles, between years, and among lakes, we show that infection is associated with strong inhibition of host DVM; while allDaphniatended to occur deeper during the day, uninfectedDaphniaand especially gravid individuals migrated to shallower waters at night. In contrast, infected hosts—which could comprise 40% of the population—were more likely to remain deep regardless of time of day. Among infected hosts, the intensity of SCD (sporangia count per host) predicted the degree of DVM inhibition. These observations—coupled with lab‐based assays showing that infected hosts exhibited fewer swimming movements and persisted at lower depths than uninfected conspecifics—suggest that parasite‐induced inhibition of DVM is a “sickness behavior” resulting from increasing morbidity and energy depletion as the infection intensifies toward host death. Considering the importance of large‐bodiedDaphniaas regulators of water clarity and prey for fishes, parasite‐induced alterations of host migratory behavior have broad potential to affect the redistribution of energy and nutrients within lake ecosystems.
Profiling novel metabolic biomarkers for Parkinson's disease using in‐depth metabolomic analysis
Authors: Han Wei , Sapkota Shraddha , Camicioli Richard , Dixon Roger A. , Li Liang 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo profile the amine/phenol submetabolome to determine potential metabolite biomarkers associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and PD with incipient dementia.MethodsAt baseline of a 3‐wave (18‐month intervals) longitudinal study, serum samples were collected from 42 healthy controls and 43 PD patients. By wave 3 (year 3), 16 PD patients were diagnosed with dementia and were classified as PD with incipient dementia at baseline. Metabolomic profiling using dansylation isotope labeling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was conducted to compare controls with the full PD, PD with no dementia, and PD with incipient dementia groups.ResultsMetabolomic analyses detected 719 common metabolites in 80% of the samples. Some were significantly altered in pairwise comparison of different groups (fold change of >1.2 or <0.83 with q < 0.05). We discriminated PD and controls by using a 5‐metabolite panel, vanillic acid, 3‐hydroxykynurenine, isoleucyl‐alanine, 5‐acetylamino‐6‐amino‐3‐methyluracil, and theophylline. The receiver operating characteristic curve produced an area‐under‐the‐curve value of 0.955 with 87.5% sensitivity and 93.0% specificity. In comparing PD with no dementia with PD with incipient dementia, we used an 8‐metabolite panel, His‐Asn‐Asp‐Ser, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetone, desaminotyrosine, hydroxy‐isoleucine, alanyl‐alanine, putrescine [‐2H], purine [+O] and its riboside. This produced an area‐under‐the‐curve value of 0.862 with 80.0% sensitivity and 77.0% specificity.ConclusionsThe significantly altered metabolites can be used to differentiate (1) PD patients from healthy controls with high accuracy and (2) the stable PD with no dementia group from those with incipient dementia. Following further validation in larger cohorts, these metabolites could be used for both discrimination and establishing prognosis in PD. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Sarcolemmal excitability in the myotonic dystrophies
Authors: Boland‐Freitas Robert , Lee James , Howells James , Liang Christina , Corbett Alastair , Nicholson Garth , Ng Karl 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Chloride conductance disturbances contribute to sarcolemmal dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2). Studies using muscle velocity recovery cycles (MVRCs) suggest Na+/K+‐adenosine triphosphatase activation becomes defective in advanced DM1. We used MVRCs to investigate muscle excitability in DM1 and DM2. Methods: MVRCs were measured for patients with mild (n = 8) and advanced (n = 11) DM1, DM2 (n = 4), and normal controls (n = 30). Results: Residual supernormality after multiple conditioning stimuli was increased in DM2 and advanced DM1. Advanced DM1 was distinguished by increases in muscle relative refractory period (MRRP) and reduced early supernormality as well as peak amplitude decrements for the first and last responses in train during repetitive stimulation. Discussion: Prolongation of the MRRP indicates that depolarization of the resting muscle membrane potential occurs in advanced DM1, with possible implications for future therapeutic approaches. Muscle Nerve 57: 595–602, 2018
Synthesis of π‐conjugated network polymers based on fluoroarene and fluorescent units via direct arylation polycondensation and their porosity and fluorescent properties
Authors: Hayashi Shotaro , Togawa Yuki , Yamamoto Shin‐Ichi , Koizumi Toshio , Nishi Koji , Asano Atsushi 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, we report the synthesis of π‐conjugated network polymers including unique fluorescent units via palladium‐catalyzed direct (CH) arylation polycondensation of 1,2,4,5‐tetrafluorobenzene with tetrabromoarenes. The obtained polymers, including tetraphenylethene (TPE) or pyrene (PYR) units, had microporous structures with the specific Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas at 508 and 824 m2 g−1, respectively. These polymers possessed narrow pore distributions (<15 nm). These analyses supported that π‐conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) were synthesized by the direct arylation. Similar to the result of BET surface areas, carbon capture capacity of CMP based on PYR unit was higher than that of CMP based on TPE unit. Because the nitrogen capture capacity of these CMPs was low (≈ 0), selectivity of carbon dioxide adsorption was very high. TPE is a typical aggregation‐induced emission unit but PYR is an aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) molecule. The incorporation of TPE unit into the microporous polymer gave green‐colored fluorescence (Φ = 0.12). The polymer including PYR units also showed the green‐colored fluorescence (Φ = 0.05) even though the ACQ property. These synthesized CMPs exhibited characteristic solvatofluorochromism. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3862–3867
Transboundary ‘hydro‐hegemony’: 10 years later
Authors: Warner Jeroen , Mirumachi Naho , Farnum Rebecca L. , Grandi Mattia , Menga Filippo , Zeitoun Mark 
Published: September 2017

This article places the theorization and analysis of hydro‐hegemony in the context of the scholarship on transboundary water conflict and cooperation. We discuss critiques, developments, and debates in this domain over the past 10 years, focusing particularly on the contributions of the London Water Research Group, showing how thinking on the theorization and analysis of hydro‐hegemony—and hydropolitics—has moved beyond the state‐centricity, the tendency to see hegemony as solely negative, and the conceptually hegemonic potential of hydro‐hegemony itself. Various strands of international relations theory (realism, neo‐institutionalism, critical theory) have left their mark on the London School. Intense interaction between analysts and pragmatic practitioners is found to invite (or incite) eclecticism as well as promote vibrancy. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1242. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1242This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Water Governance
An approach towards the projectile trajectory during the oblique Steinheim meteorite impact by the interpretation of structural crater features and the distribution of shatter cones
Authors: BUCHNER E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe distinct alignment of the Steinheim Basin and the Nördlinger Ries impact structures in SW Germany and the Central European tektite strewn field suggest ENE-directed trajectories of the Ries and Steinheim impacting bodies. From impact experiments, the asymmetry of the Steinheim crater and the arrangement of structural features therein are in good agreement with features produced during an oblique impact at 30° from the horizontal. The restriction of shatter cones to the eastern segment of the Steinheim Basin crater also suggests a west–east-directed trend of the impact direction, and supports previous models that favoured such impactor trajectory.