bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erosion of Access to Abortion in the United States: Lessons for Australia
Authors: Dean Rebecca 
Published: April 2016

<p>Since the legalisation of abortion in the United States (US) in 1973, access to abortion has been restricted and under attack from multiple fronts. From a pro-choice perspective, this article analyses the way women’s access to abortion has been eroded in the US. This article considers: Roe v Wade and chronicles the subsequent cases decided by the US Supreme Court which have gradually dismantled its holding; the various US state and federal legislative restrictions on abortion and their impact on access to abortion; the new composition of the US Supreme Court and the consequences for women’s access to legal abortion; and a brief overview of abortion in Australia. Awareness of anti-choice tactics used to restrict access to abortion in the US may prevent a similar erosion of abortion rights in Australia.</p>
Eliminating Privileges Enjoyed by Foreign Investors in China: Rationality and Ramifications Under a Unified Tax Code
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyang 
Published: April 2016

<p>The enterprise income tax law in China has for a long time been characterized by the co-existence of two tax codes applied to foreign investment enterprises and indigenous enterprises respectively. Tax privileges granted to foreign investors give rise to the inequality of tax treatment among enterprises in the country. Under the newly released Enterprise Income Tax Law, a unified tax code is to be applied to all enterprises alike, and tax impetus is no longer reserved for foreign investors. This is a move towards developing a platform on which all enterprises in China can compete equally in terms of taxation. A way forward is contemplated over integrating current laws on foreign investment enterprises into the general domain of the commercial law regime, in order that those mutually exclusive legal regulations presently applied to foreign investment enterprises and their local counterparts can eventually be unified in the same way as in the field of taxation.</p>
Defamation and the Moral Community
Authors: Baker Roy 
Published: April 2016

<p>This paper presents the key findings of a major empirical investigation into defamation law and social attitudes. It examines the way in which the law decides whether a publication is defamatory, and the consequences for that<br />process of a phenomenon known as the third-person effect: the tendency for individuals to perceive the adverse impact of a communication as greater on others than on themselves. It argues that, as a result of this tendency, defamation law unnecessarily and unfairly silences speech on the basis of<br />protection to reputation, even though little or no reputational harm would actually occur. What is more, defamation law perpetuates regressive attitudes and could do more to promote a just and inclusive society.</p>
Women in the Queensland Legal Workplace: a Snapshot
Authors: Hutchinson Terry , Skousgaard Heather 
Published: April 2016

<p>In addition to collating details of the demographic and working habits of over 2500 QLS members, the Queensland Law Society’s Equalising Opportunities in the Law Committee 2003 Membership Survey Report focused on the nature and prevalence of discrimination and harassment in the Queensland legal workplace. Primary areas of concern to the<br />respondents included discrimination or harassment on the basis of gender, age, family responsibilities, pregnancy and marital status. The results of this survey firmly demonstrate that promoting diversity in the Queensland legal<br />workplace should be made a priority. Efforts to amend the Law Council of Australia Model Conduct Rules are ongoing. Providing this is done, will it be sufficient? What else needs to be changed to improve the situation and improve opportunities for diversity in the legal profession?</p>
Governance, Representation and the 'Monstrous Regiment': Is the Collective Feminine?
Authors: Morss John 
Published: April 2016

Alternatives to the individualistic emphasis of liberal theory focus attention on collective dimensions of social life with implications for legal and political analysis of the state, of representation, and of international law. In this context, relationships between the individual–collective dichotomy and the dichotomy of gender demand attention because of the claimed affiliations of individualism with social understandings of masculinity.
Police Misconduct as a Breach of Public trust: the Offence of Misconduct in Public Office
Authors: Davids Cindy , McMahon Marilyn 
Published: April 2016

Until relatively recently, the common law offence of misconduct in public office has been regarded as anachronistic. The offence was perceived to have been supplanted by specific statutory offences that could more appropriately deal with criminal conduct by public officials. However, there has been a revival of the offence with successful prosecutions occurring in Australia, England and Hong Kong. Many of these contemporary cases have involved police officers. Examination of these cases reveals that the circumstances in which misconduct in public office has been identified have been diverse, including the unauthorised disclosure of confidential information, the use of false search warrants and the sexual exploitation of vulnerable persons. In many instances, police officers were charged with other criminal offences in addition to charges relating to misconduct in public office. The matters prosecuted as misconduct in public office typically involved matters that were serious and/or could not be adequately prosecuted as other criminal offences or as breaches of police regulations governing conduct. Consequently, despite the proliferation of statutory criminal offences in the 20th century it appears that there continues to be a place for the offence of misconduct in public office. It criminalises misconduct by police officers that may not be adequately dealt with by other offences and recognises the public trust dimension of wrongdoing by these officials. However, a continuing and fundamental challenge is to determine the appropriate definition and scope of the offence.
International Food Standards and WTO Law
Authors: Maidana-Eletti Mariela 
Published: April 2016

Standards are used in all realms of human activity in order to specify the characteristics of a product, or its manufacture. In the process, they fulfil a range of functions, such as lowering risks, increasing trust and facilitating predictability in a given market. Standards reduce information costs for market players, which in turn allows for a more efficient functioning of the market. For international trade in foodstuffs, harmonisation of the wide variety of food standards is essential in order to facilitate the global food-sourcing trend. As traditional market access barriers are dismantled, non-tariff measures offer a tool for the potential protection of domestic products, thus calling for effective forms of food governance. This article explores the legal implications of international standards under the TBT Agreement in the light of the WTO Appellate Body’s case law. It further analyses the role played by international standard-setting organisations, such as the CAC and the ISO, in predicting the outcome of pending WTO disputes. Against this backdrop, this article also attempts to shed light on the current legal debate surrounding the use of private food standards within the SPS Committee.
STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF EIGHT BRIGHT RIMMED CLOUDS IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Pandey A. K. , Borissova J. , Ojha D. K. , Ivanov V. D. , Ogura K. , Kobayashi N. , Kurtev R. , Gopinathan M. , Yadav Ram Kesh 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We carried out deep- and wide-field near- and mid-infrared observations for a sample of eight bright-rimmed clouds (BRCs). Supplemented with the Spitzer archival data, we have identified and classified 44 to 433 young stellar objects (YSOs) associated with these BRCs. The Class I sources are generally located toward the places with higher extinction and are relatively closer to each other than the Class II sources, confirming that the young protostars are usually found in regions with denser molecular material. On the other hand the comparatively older population, Class II objects, are more randomly found throughout the regions, which can be due to their dynamical evolution. Using the minimal sampling tree analyses, we have extracted 13 stellar cores of eight or more members, which contain 60% of the total YSOs. The typical core is ∼0.6 pc in radii and somewhat elongated (aspect ratio of 1.45), of relatively low stellar density (surface density 60 pc−2), consisting of a small (35) number of YSOs of relatively young sources (66% Class I), and partially embedded (median A

K
= 1.1 mag). But the cores show a wide range in their mass distribution (∼20 to 2400 M
⊙), with a median value of around 130 M
⊙. We found the star-formation efficiencies in the cores to be between 3% and 30% with an average of ∼14%, which agrees with the efficiencies needed to link the core mass function to the initial mass function. We also found a linear relation between the density of the clouds and the number of YSOs. The peaked nearest neighbor spacing distributions of the YSOs and the ratio of Jeans lengths to the YSO separations indicates a significant degree of non-thermally driven fragmentation in these BRCs.
De l’influence des conditions pratiques de la négociation collective : le cas d’une entreprise de la restauration de collectivités
Authors: Franke Jörg 
Published: April 2016

Dans cet article, nous mettons en lumière l’influence de l’organisation matérielle et logistique des réunions de la négociation collective en entreprise sur les rapports de pouvoir entre employeurs et délégués syndicaux. Ce travail de recherche a été réalisé sous forme de monographie d’une grande entreprise française de la restauration de collectivités et démontre le poids des rapports sociaux qui pèse sur les syndicalistes en entreprise. Ce poids se trouve accentué par les « conditions de travail » difficiles des négociateurs syndicaux. L’organisation imposée par les employeurs participe à un éloignement des militants syndicaux de leur base et favorise une relative autonomisation du syndicalisme dans l’entreprise. La position de l’auteur comme syndicaliste a permis une analyse fine « de l’intérieur de la machine ».
Quels soutiens aux énergies renouvelables électriques ?
Authors: Quirion Philippe 
Published: April 2016

Si la plupart des pays développés et émergents soutiennent les énergies renouvelables dans le secteur électrique, ils le font de manière différente. Les trois principaux modes de soutien existants sont les tarifs d’achat garantis, les primes et les quotas combinés à des certificats verts. Nous analysons comment la littérature économique évalue ces modes de soutien. La littérature prise en compte couvre les travaux académiques mais aussi la presse spécialisée et les rapports d’organisations internationales. Nous concluons que les quotas souffrent de nombreuses faiblesses par rapport aux deux autres modes de soutien : mauvaise réaction à l’incertitude, risque important pour les financeurs qui accroît le coût des projets, coûts de transaction plus élevés. Tarifs et primes présentent chacun des avantages et inconvénients, et il n’est pas évident que le passage des premiers aux seconds, en cours en Allemagne et en France, soit justifié. Enfin, au-delà du choix de principe quant au mode de soutien, de nombreux arbitrages concrets sont tout aussi importants, comme le financement de ce soutien et sa différenciation entre segments de marché, nécessaire pour limiter les rentes mais potentiellement source d’inefficacités.
La couverture santé universelle dans les pays à revenus faibles et intermédiaires : analyses économiques
Authors: Paul Élisabeth , Bodson Oriane , Ridde Valery , Fecher Fabienne 
Published: April 2016

Les pays à revenus faibles et intermédiaires sont confrontés à des besoins de financement élevés pour assurer une couverture santé universelle (CSU) permettant à chacun d’avoir accès à des services de santé de qualité sans encourir de difficultés financières. Cet article tente de montrer comment l’analyse économique peut être mobilisée pour identifier des stratégies utiles pour tendre vers la CSU. Trois axes complémentaires où l’analyse économique a une plus-value sont présentés : i) la mobilisation des ressources et l’équité verticale ; ii) l’amélioration de l’efficacité dans l’allocation des ressources et l’équité horizontale ; iii) la gestion opérationnelle des ressources, en particulier à travers le financement basé sur les résultats (efficience). Pour chacun, nous présentons un bref état des lieux des connaissances et évoquons quelques perspectives de recherche. Classifications JEL : I1, O23, A12, A13, D610, D630, H2
Gestion du crédit client des sociétés en difficulté financière et coûts indirects de faillite :
Authors: du Jardin Philippe , Séverin Éric , Luu Philippe 
Published: April 2016

Ce papier étudie la politique du crédit client des TPE (très petites entreprises) en difficulté. Cette politique obéit à un compromis entre la volonté des firmes de gagner des parts de marché et de faire rentrer des liquidités. Nous mettons en évidence que les entreprises ayant des problèmes de profitabilité ont tendance à accroître leur crédit client alors que les entreprises faisant face à des situations de « stress » financier cherchent à réduite leurs délais clients. Nous mettons également en évidence que la baisse du crédit client pour les entreprises en difficulté impacte négativement les performances.
Effects of Associate Degree Nursing Students' Characteristics on Perceptions and Experiences of Mentoring
Authors: Peltz Caroline M. , Raymond Delbert M. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Mentoring has been identified as a key education program support structure to facilitate student success.

Method:
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate how associate degree nursing program students experience mentoring and persistence. Mentoring perceptions were evaluated using the College Student Mentoring Scale. Associate degree nursing students throughout the state of Michigan were recruited for an online survey.

Results:

Sample characteristics (
N
= 283) resembled those compiled by the National League for Nursing. The study found that men met with a mentor more frequently and perceived greater psychological, emotional, and academic support than women. Part-time students and students who had never failed a nursing course also reported they met more frequently with a mentor than full-time students and those who had failed a nursing course.

Conclusion:

The findings contribute to an evidence base to support the further development and evaluation of mentoring programs for nursing students. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(5):258–265.]
Building Genetic Competence Through Partnerships and Interactive Models
Authors: Read Catherine Y. , Ricciardi Catherine E. , Gruhl Amanda , Williams Lucinda , Vandiver Kathleen M. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Nurses are increasingly using genetic-directed therapies in routine care, but evidence indicates that nurse educators lack knowledge about basic genetic concepts and related clinical implications. Educators are the key to preparing future nurses for effective practice in the genomic era, and creative approaches are needed for faculty development.

Method:
Nurse educators in academic and clinical settings partnered with science educators who use sophisticated DNA, RNA, and protein models to explore ways to teach abstract genetic concepts.

Results:
Hands-on learning enabled the workshop participants to understand how transcription of gene mutations leads to the translation of defective proteins responsible for specific diseases. Participants found using the models helped clarified complex concepts that occur at the cellular level.

Conclusion:

Partnerships with science educators can address gaps in nurse educators' knowledge about genetics and introduce creative teaching strategies. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(5):300–303.]
Re-establishing apical patency after obturation with Gutta-percha and two novel calcium silicate-based sealers
Authors: Agrafioti Anastasia , Koursoumis Anastasios D. , Kontakiotis Evangelos G. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the retreatability and reestablishment of apical patency of two calcium silicate-based sealers, TotalFill BC Sealer (BCS) and mineral trioxide aggregate Fillapex (MTA F), versus AH Plus, when used in combination with Gutta-percha (GP). Materials and Methods: The canals of 54 single-rooted anterior teeth were instrumented and filled with GP/AH Plus (Group A), GP/MTA F (Group B), or GP/BCS (Group C) using continuous wave obturation technique. The groups were subdivided into subgroups with the master-GP cone placed to the working length (WL) or intentionally 2 mm short. The retreatment procedures were performed using ultrasonics, chloroform, rotary, and hand files. The ability to establish the patency and reach WL was determined as well as the time taken to reach WL was calculated in minutes. Furthermore, the samples were observed under a dental, optical microscope, after vertically splitting them. Results: The WL and patency were reestablished in 100% of specimens in all groups. The Mann–Whitney U-test indicated that there was a significant difference in the amount of time required to reach WL between the groups (P < 0.05) with group GP/BCS short of the WL showing the most amount of time to be retreated. Conclusion: The novel calcium silicate-based sealers are negotiable under simple root canal anatomy. However, the conventional retreatment techniques are not able to fully remove them.
Primary failure of eruption combined with bilateral transmigration of mandibular canines, transposition, torus palatinus, and class III incisor relationship: A rare case report
Authors: Elhag Salma Babiker Idris , Abdulghani Ashraf Sidig Idris 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTEruption disorders are numerous varying from delayed to complete failure of eruption. Primary failure of eruption (PFE) is a rare condition that involves arrested eruption of teeth with the absence of local or general contributory factors. Another rare and clinically challenging phenomenon is canine transmigration which is the intra-osseous movement of impacted canines across the midline. This report presents the first case of combined failure of eruption of multiple teeth with bilateral mandibular canine transmigration, transposition of upper canine and the first premolar, torus palatinus, and class III incisor relationship in a 33-year-old asymptomatic and nonsyndromic female patient.
Awareness assessment in Turkish subpopulation with chronic oral mucosal diseases
Authors: Okumus Ozlem , Kalkan Sevda , Keser Gaye , Pekiner Filiz Namdar 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of group Turkish patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases by chronic oral mucosal diseases questionnaires (COMDQ). Materials and Methods: Eighty patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases were participated in the study. A detailed medical history of each patient was taken, and all the COMDQ questions, which were translated from English version, were filled out. The data were analyzed with the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences Statistics 22.0. Results: The mean ages of patients were 48.91 ± 13.36 years. Of the total 80 cases of chronic oral mucosal diseases identified 52 (65%) were female and 28 (35%) male. The standardized mean scores for COMDQ were 1.72 ± 1.11 for “pain and functional limitation,” 1.09 ± 0.94 for “medication and treatment,” 2.31 ± 1.06 for “social and emotional,” and 2.27 ± 0.83 for “patient support,” respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the Turkish version of the COMDQ has the profitable psychometric peculiarity and comfortable to patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases in Turkey.
Recent Developments in the Numerics of Nonlinear Hyperbolic Conservation Laws
Authors: Abgrall Rémi , Hundsdorfer Willem , Meister Andreas , Sonar Thomas 
Published: April 2016

The development of reliable numerical methods for the simulation of real life problems requires both a fundamental knowledge in the field of numerical analysis and a proper experience in practical applications as well as their mathematical modeling.
Thus, the purpose of the workshop was to bring together experts not only from the field of applied mathematics but also from civil and mechanical engineering working in the area of modern high order methods for the solution of partial differential equations or even approximation theory necessary to improve the accuracy as well as robustness of numerical algorithms.
Myoepithelioma of the Nasal Cavity
Authors: Ramesh D , Khong Grace Corrine , Sumathi V 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Myoepithelioma is a rare tumor of the salivary glands. Only three cases of myoepithelioma in the nasal cavity have been reported. A 29-year-old male presented to us with epistaxis and nasal obstruction. There was a fleshy mass occupying the right middle meatus. Biopsy showed evidence of myoepithelioma and an endoscopic excision of the tumor was done. Histopathological examination of the resected tumor was consistent with myoepithelioma. Due to its rarity, the nature of the tumor is not known and regular follow-ups are needed for early detection of recurrence and malignancy.

How to cite this article
Ramesh D, Khong GC, Sumathi V. Myoepithelioma of the Nasal Cavity. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(2):89-91.
Evaluation of the Change in Recent Diagnostic Criteria of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ramadhin Abhishek 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
There is an enormous economic burden of patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), there is also significant patient morbidity in terms of quality of life and decreased overall productivity caused by CRS. But, the criteria's to label a patient having CRS is not clearly defined. The definition of CRS is ever evolving. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis of CRS according to recent clinical guideline set by the AAO-HNS and to determine the utility of nasal endoscopy for diagnosing the CRS.

How to cite this article
Ramadhin A. Evaluation of the Change in Recent Diagnostic Criteria of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Cross-sectional Study. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(3):110-114.
A Bunch of Stapler Pin: An Unusual Nasopharyngeal Foreign Body
Authors: Das Soumyajit , Chakraborty Suvamoy , Mukherjee Subhasish 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
To highlight the occurrence of unusual foreign bodies in the nasopharynx in the pediatric age group.

Introduction
Foreign bodies are common in ENT practice universally. At times they may present as emergency requiring urgent intervention and many a times they go unnoticed as these are not suspected. Nasopharyngeal foreign bodies are rare in any age group.

Case Report
A 10 months old female child was brought with the history of persistent drooling of saliva and refusal to feed after accidental ingestion of a bunch of stapler pin. Plain radiograph showed a bunch of stapler pin in the nasopharynx with enlarged adenoid tissue and prevertebral soft tissue shadow.

Conclusion
Bunch of stapler pin is an unusual foreign body in the nasopharynx. Care should be taken while removing these foreign bodies. Digital manipulation for removal of such foreign bodies are hazardous and should be avoided at all cost.

How to cite this article
Das S, Chakraborty S, Mukherjee S. A Bunch of Stapler Pin: An Unusual Nasopharyngeal Foreign Body. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(3):127-129.