bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective study on fetal posterior cranial fossa assessment for early detection of open spina bifida at 11–13 weeks
Authors: Kose Semir , Altunyurt Sabahattin , Keskinoglu Pembe 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to test three measurements: brain stem (BS), intracranial translucency (IT) and brain stem to occipital bone distance (BSOB), as well as one landmark: cisterna magna (CM) visibility, for early diagnosis of open spina bifida (OSB) in a low risk population. A prospective observational study was undertaken in a university hospital. A sample of 1479 women consented to participate between 20 September 2013 and 30 June 2015. Measurements were performed from the mid‐sagittal view, as is routinely used for nuchal thickness assessment. CM visibility was assessed qualitatively as the third anechoic band in the posterior cranial fossa (PCF). All pregnancies were screened with a combination of maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein and second trimester anomaly scan and followed until delivery. Predictive values were calculated for each marker. We were able to diagnose two OSB cases and highly suspect one Dandy‐Walker malformation case at the first trimester scan by the observation of PCF. PCF characteristics of OSB cases were increased BS diameter, increased BS‐BSOB ratio and non‐visualization of the CM. All the markers demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity but CM visibility reached the highest positive predictive value. Due to relatively high false positive rates, PCF measurements could not reach a satisfactory performance to validate their clinical use as a single marker. CM visibility has the advantage of being a qualitative marker and reduces the need for sophisticated and time‐consuming measurements. Intracranial translucency and BS‐BSOB ratio measurements should be used when the CM visibility is absent or in doubt.
Survey on awareness of folic acid recognition and intake by female students
Authors: Matsuo Takuya , Kagohashi Yukiko , Senga Yasuko , Fukuda Hiromi , Shinozaki Keiko , Takemori Kumiko , Otani Hiroki , Kondo Atsuo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTo reduce the risk of neural tube defects, studies have been conducted on female students of medical services, nutritional science, and nursery education that investigated the awareness of folic acid by using questionnaires. Many investigators have suggested the need to provide detailed information about the awareness of folic acid and knowledge about folic acid intake and neural tube defect risk reduction. The dietary habits of female students showed a positive correlation with their estimated folic acid intake, suggesting that improvements in dietary habits are associated with the consumption of folic acid. The importance of folic acid intake must be more aggressively promoted among female students. Thus, many learning opportunities should be provided for such students to help increase their folic acid intake.
Managerial control divergence and analysts’ information precision
Authors: Park KoEun , Tinaikar Surjit , Shin Yong‐Chul 
Published: April 2017

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis study addresses how financial analysts’ information environment varies with the extent to which insiders’ voting rights diverge from their cash flow rights (i.e., control divergence) in the firm.Research Findings/InsightsThis study finds evidence that both analysts’ public and private information precisions are decreasing with insiders’ control divergence for a sample of US dual class share firms. Dual class share firms feature ownership structures that allow us to measure the control divergence between insiders’ voting rights and their cash flow rights. Furthermore, we document that these effects are more pronounced for firms with lower firm‐level uncertainty and for periods prior to the introduction of the SOX Act. Our results are robust to omitted variables, endogenous ownership, and any selection biases associated with dual class equity.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsAnalysts’ skill and ability to formulate accurate forecasts are influenced by the quality of their information environment. We provide insights on how ownership mechanisms such as control divergence impact this ability by affecting their information environment. By using empirical proxies that precisely measure analysts’ information environment, we are able to better capture the adverse impact of control divergence on the public and private information that analysts convey in their forecasts.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsPolicy makers are often concerned about issues that can constrain information processing by intermediaries such as analysts. Control divergence mechanisms can negatively impact analysts’ information processing by affecting their information environment and consequently their ability to effectively forecast earnings and stock prices. These have larger implications for social welfare and optimal capital allocation in the economy. Policy makers may therefore need to evolve better regulatory norms to negate some of the pernicious consequences of such ownership structures on information intermediation.
Sexualverhalten, STIs und HIV‐Übertragungsrisiken bei HIV‐positiven MSM – Ansätze für die ärztliche Präventionsarbeit
Authors: Esser Stefan , Krotzek Judith , Dirks Henrike , Scherbaum Norbert , Schadendorf Dirk 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungHintergrundSteigende Inzidenzen von HIV‐Infektionen und STIs (sexually transmitted infections) bei MSM (men having sex with men) seit 2001 in Deutschland erfordern neue Ansätze in der ärztlichen Präventionsarbeit. Diese Studie befasst sich mit geeigneten Parametern für gezielte ärztliche Angebote an HIV‐positive MSM mit hohem Risiko für die Übertragung von HIV und STIs.Methodik und PatientenIn einem zweijährigen Beobachtungszeitraum wurden 233 HIV‐positive MSM in der HIV‐Ambulanz des Universitätsklinikums Essen zu ihrem Sexualverhalten, Suchtmittelkonsum und psychischem Befinden im vorhergehenden Jahr systematisch befragt. Die dokumentierten Labordaten und klinische Verläufe wurden von der Erstdiagnose der HIV‐Infektion bis zum Januar 2014 ausgewertet.ErgebnisseDrogengebrauch, Promiskuität, jüngeres Lebensalter und bekannte STIs in der Vorgeschichte waren bei HIV‐positiven MSM mit häufigerem ungeschützten Geschlechtsverkehr und einer höheren STI‐Inzidenz assoziiert. Zusätzliche HIV‐spezifische Parameter für ein erhöhtes HIV‐Transmissionsrisiko waren neben einer nachweisbaren HIViruslast unbehandelte HIV‐Infektionen, Therapieadhärenzprobleme, Wechsel der antiretroviralen Therapie in den letzten zwölf Monaten, bekannte HIV‐Multiresistenz und ein höherer CD4‐Zell‐Nadir. Obwohl die HIViruslast in der Routineversorgung quartalsweise bestimmt und anschließend vom Arzt mitgeteilt wird, schätzten nur 60 % der HIV‐positiven MSM ihr HIV‐Transmissionsrisiko korrekt ein.SchlussfolgerungenAus Routineuntersuchungen ergeben sich bei HIV‐positiven MSM Profile, die auf ein Sexualverhalten mit hohem Risiko für die Übertragung von HIV und STIs hinweisen und Ansätze für die ärztliche Präventionsarbeit bieten.
Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections: Long‐term outcomes in children
Authors: Nabi Zaheer , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Basha Jahangeer , Chavan Radhika , Gupta Rajesh , Ramchandani Mohan , Kalapala Rakesh , Pal Partha , Darisetty Santosh , Rao Guduru Venkat , Nageshwar Reddy D. 
Published: April 2017

Background and AimEndoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFC) is the standard of care in adult patients. The literature is limited in children. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the safety and long‐term efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided drainage of PFC in children.MethodsData of all children (<18 years) with PFC who underwent EUS‐guided drainage with plastic stents were analyzed retrospectively for technical feasibility, clinical efficacy and adverse events (AE).ResultsThirty children (boys 22, girls 8) with PFC underwent EUS drainage (January 2013 to June 2016). Mean age of children was 13.07 ± 3.41 years (5–17 years). Majority of children had idiopathic pancreatitis (23), followed by trauma‐related (6) and gallstone‐related pancreatitis (1). Of 30 PFC, 13 (43.3%) and 17 (56.7%) were classified as pseudocyst and walled‐off necrosis, respectively. Median size of PFC was 95 mm (61–175). EUS drainage was successfully completed in 29 children (technical success 96.7%). Clinical success was achieved in 28/30 (93.3%) children. AE included perforation (2), major bleed (1), minor bleed (2), stent migration (4) and readmission as a result of hematemesis (1). Imaging revealed disconnected pancreatic duct in nine, ductal leak in two and stricture in one child. Cystogastric stents were left in situ in children with disconnected duct. At median follow up of 829 days (150–1230), two recurrences of PFC were noticed.ConclusionsEUS‐guided drainage using plastic stents is safe and effective in children with PFC. Cystogastric plastic stents can be left safely long term. However, more studies with larger sample sizes are required.
Evidence for increasing physical activity in children with physical disabilities: a systematic review
Authors: Bloemen Manon , Van Wely Leontien , Mollema Jurgen , Dallmeijer Annet , de Groot Janke 
Published: April 2017

AimTo summarize the best evidence of interventions for increasing physical activity in children with physical disabilities.MethodA systematic review was conducted using an electronic search executed in Academic Search Elite, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PEDro, PsychINFO, and SPORTDiscus up to February 2016. The selection of articles was performed independently by two researchers according to predetermined eligibility criteria. Data extraction, methodological quality, and levels of evidence were independently assessed by two researchers using a data‐collection form from the Cochrane Collaboration and according to the guidelines of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine.ResultsSeven studies were included. Five randomized controlled trials ranged from strong level I to weak level II studies, and two pre–post design studies were classified as level IV. There is level I evidence for no effect of physical training on objectively measured physical activity, conflicting level II evidence for interventions with a behavioural component on the increase of objectively measured physical activity directly after the intervention, and level II evidence for no effect during follow‐up. Results are limited to children with cerebral palsy as no other diagnoses were included.InterpretationIncreasing physical activity in children with physical disabilities is very complex and demands further development and research.
The Trunk Control Measurement Scale: reliability and discriminative validity in children and young people with neuromotor disorders
Authors: Marsico Petra , Mitteregger Elena , Balzer Julia , van Hedel Hubertus J A 
Published: April 2017

AimThis study investigated the intra‐ and interrater reliability of the Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) German version, with its subscores, in children with neuromotor disorders. Further, the discriminative validity of the TCMS was assessed by comparing the TCMS scores with the Functional Independence Measure for children.MethodBland–Altman analyses and intraclass correlation coefficients were applied to investigate reliability. The discriminative ability of the TCMS was evaluated with receiver operating characteristics.ResultsNinety children (mean age 11y 5mo; range 5y–18y 11mo) participated for the reliability, and 50 for the discriminative validity study. The reliability proved to be excellent (intrarater: bias=0.57 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] −3.71 to 4.85; interrater: bias=−0.31 points, 95% CI −5.77 to 5.10). A change in the TCMS total score of six points (10%) can be considered a true change. The TCMS subscores appeared to be clinically relevant because children with less than around 80% of the static balance score, less than 55% of the dynamic reaching score, or less than around 35% of the selective movement control score needed support for daily life activities.InterpretationThe TCMS is a reliable and clinically relevant assessment for children aged 5 years and older with different neurological impairments.
Associations of mortality and cardiovascular disease risks with diabetes and albuminuria in urban Indigenous Australians: the DRUID follow‐up study
Authors: Barr E. L. M. , Cunningham J. , Tatipata S. , Dunbar T. , Kangaharan N. , Guthridge S. , Li S. Q. , Condon J. R. , Shaw J. E. , O'Dea K. , Maple‐Brown L. J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo assess the relationships of diabetes and albuminuria with all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular disease outcomes in a population without prior cardiovascular disease using data from the Darwin Region Urban Indigenous Diabetes (DRUID) study.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 706 participants (aged 15–81 years, 68% women) without prior cardiovascular disease who underwent a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test. Deaths and fatal or non‐fatal cardiovascular disease were determined over 7 years, and hazard ratios with 95% CIs and population attributable risks were estimated for baseline glycaemia and albuminuria.ResultsCompared with normoglycaemia and after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and smoking, known diabetes was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 4.8 (95% CI 1.5–14.7) for all‐cause mortality and 5.6 (95% CI 2.1–15.2) for cardiovascular disease. Compared with normoalbuminuria, the respective adjusted risks for macroalbuminuria were 10.9 (95% CI 3.7–32.1) and 3.9 (95% CI 1.4–10.8). The Adjusted all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular disease estimated population attributable risks for diabetes were 27% and 32%, and for albuminuria they were 32% and 21%, respectively.ConclusionsIn our study population, the burden of mortality and cardiovascular disease was largely driven by diabetes and albuminuria. This finding on the influence of diabetes and albuminuria is consistent with reports in other high‐risk Indigenous populations and should be better reflected in risk scores and intervention programmes.
Long‐term prognostic value of peak exercise echocardiogram in patients hospitalized with acute chest pain
Authors: Merchan Ortega German , Bonaque Gonzalez Juan Carlos , Sanchez Espino Alejandro Dionisio , Aguado Martin Maria Jose , Navarro Garcia Francisco , Ruiz Lopez Fuensanta , Ramos Perales Francisco , Zamorano Gomez Jose Luis 
Published: April 2017

IntroductionPeak exercise echocardiogram (EEcho) has shown reasonable sensitivity and specificity in detecting significant coronary artery disease (CAD). The objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of EEcho in patients hospitalized for acute chest pain (CP) and its additional prognostic information regarding exercise electrocardiogram test (EECG).MethodsProspective observational study performed between May 2011 and September 2013, including 250 patients consecutively admitted for acute CP with normal cardiac biomarkers and nondiagnostic electrocardiogram. All patients were prospectively followed for 1 year, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were recorded: cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), or angina with coronary revascularization.ResultsEEcho was positive in 16%. Patients with positive EEcho had a higher incidence of hypertension and higher TIMI risk score, showing significant CAD in 66%. We observed contradictory results (EECG‐EEcho) in 20%. Patients with positive EEcho and negative EECG had significant CAD in the 66%, and patients undergoing coronary angiography with negative EEcho and positive EECG did not show significant coronary artery disease. Only positive EEcho (P<.001, HR 0.169; 95% CI, 0.088–0.250) and atrial fibrillation (P<.025, HR 0.125; 95% CI, 0.016–0.233) were independently associated with MACE during follow‐up. In patients with negative EEcho, the presence of MACE was 2%.ConclusionsEEcho in patients hospitalized for acute chest pain presents good ability to diagnose acute coronary syndrome, while providing additional information when combined with an EECG in up to 20% of cases. Moreover, a negative EEcho in this cohort seems to provide prognostic information beyond the acute event to predict long‐term MACE.
Comparative effects of the restriction method in two large observational studies of body mass index and mortality among adults
Authors: Flegal Katherine M. , Graubard Barry I. , Yi Sang‐Wook 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundA method applied in some large studies of weight and mortality is to begin with a well‐defined analytic cohort and use successive restrictions to control for methodologic bias and arrive at final analytic results.Materials and methodsTwo observational studies of body mass index and mortality allow a comparative assessment of these restrictions in very large data sets. One was a meta‐analysis of individual participant data with a sample size of 8 million. The second was a study of a South Korean cohort with a sample size of 12 million. Both presented results for participants without pre‐existing disease before and after restricting the sample to never‐smokers and deleting the first 5 years of follow‐up.ResultsInitial results from both studies were generally similar, with hazard ratios (HRs) below 1 for overweight and above 1 for underweight and obesity. The meta‐analysis showed higher HRs for overweight and obesity after the restrictions, including a change in the direction of the HR for overweight from 0·99 (95% CI: 0·98–1·01) to 1·11 (95% CI: 1·10, 1·11). The South Korean data showed little effect of the restrictions and the HR for overweight changed from 0·85 (95% CI: 0·84–0·86) to 0·91 (95% CI: 0·90, 0·91). The summary effect size for overweight was 0·90 (95% CI: 0·89–0·91) before restrictions and 1·02 (95% CI: 1·02, 1·03) after restrictions.ConclusionsThe effect of the restrictions is not consistent across studies, weakening the argument that analyses without such restrictions lack validity.
Phylloplane bacteria increase the negative impact of food limitation on insect fitness
Authors: OLSON GRANT L. , MYERS JUDITH H. , HEMERIK LIA , CORY JENNY S. 
Published: April 2017

1. When populations of herbivorous insects increase in density, they can alter the quantity or quality of their food. The impacts of diet‐related stressors on insect fitness have been investigated singly, but not simultaneously.2. Foliage quantity and quality of red alder, Alnus rubra, were manipulated together with the presence of non‐entomopathogenic phylloplane bacteria to investigate their impacts, singly and in combination, on survival, pupal mass, growth rate, fecundity and egg quality of a cyclic forest insect, the western tent caterpillar, Malacosoma californicum pluviale.3. Food limitation (half food) had strong negative impacts on all life‐history traits. When the larvae were fed continuously, however, neither ingesting phylloplane bacteria nor eating leaves from damaged branches (induced foliage) affected survival. In the half‐food treatment, ingesting bacteria further increased mortality, while feeding on induced foliage improved survival.4. Growth rate and pupal mass of both sexes were reduced for larvae with food limitation compared with continuously fed insects and this was exacerbated when the larvae also ate bacteria‐treated leaves. A combination of bacteria and induced foliage also reduced larval growth rate by 5% in the full‐food treatment.5. Fecundity (eggs per egg mass) was 2.7 times greater in full‐food than in food‐limited treatments but neither phylloplane bacteria nor plant induction had an effect. Insects fed induced foliage produced smaller eggs. Overall, there was no evidence of a three‐way interaction between the three stressors, although there were negative synergistic effects, primarily between food limitation and the ingestion of phylloplane bacteria.
Elevationally biased avian predation as a contributor to the spatial distribution of geometrid moth outbreaks in sub‐arctic mountain birch forest
Authors: PEPI ADAM A. , VINDSTAD OLE PETTER L. , EK MALIN , JEPSEN JANE U. 
Published: April 2017

1. Population dynamics and interactions that vary over a species' range are of particular importance in the context of latitudinal clines in biological diversity. Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) and autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) are two species of eruptive geometrids that vary widely in outbreak tendency over their range, which generally increases from south to north and with elevation.2. The predation pressure on geometrid larvae and pupae over an elevational gradient was tested. The effects of background larval density and bird occupancy of monitoring nest boxes on predation rates were also tested. Predation on larvae was tested through exclusion treatments at 20 replicate stations over four elevations at one site, while pupae were set out to measure predation at two elevations at three sites.3. Larval densities were reduced by bird predation at three lower elevations, but not at the highest elevation, and predation rates were 1.9 times higher at the lowest elevation than at the highest elevation. The rate of predation on larvae was not related to background larval density or nest box occupancy, although there were more eggs and chicks at the lowest elevation. There were no consistent differences in predation on pupae by elevation.4. These results suggest that elevational variation in avian predation pressure on larvae may help to drive elevational differences in outbreak tendency, and that birds may play a more important role in geometrid population dynamics than the focus on invertebrate and soil predators of previous work would suggest.
Medial temporal lobe atrophy as a predictor of poor cognitive outcomes in general paresis
Authors: Chen Ben , Shi Haishan , Hou Le , Zhong Xiaomei , Wang Yanhua , Wu Zhangying , Peng Qi , Zheng Dong , Zhang Yuefen , Tan Yan , Fang Ziyan , Chen Xinru , Luo Xinni , Liu Sha , Yuping Ning 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThe effect of penicillin therapy on clinical outcomes vary among patients with general paresis (GP). We sought to explore biomarkers that might serve as predictors of clinical outcomes in GP and identify patients requiring early intervention.MethodsThirty‐five inpatients with GP were recruited. Each GP patient underwent comprehensive neuropsychological, neuroimaging and laboratory assessments before receiving penicillin therapy, and returned for follow‐up evaluations after 6 months. The visual rating of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) and the Fazekas scale was used to analyze the neuroimaging abnormalities.Results
MTA scores were correlated with the pre‐treatment cognitive scores and change in Mini Mental State Examination scores. GP patients with a Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) ≤1 or MTA scores ≤2 achieved significant improvement in neuropsychological test scores, as compared with patients with CDR >1 or MTA scores >2. Fazekas scale scores correlated with the pre‐treatment attention scores. Significant improvements in cognitive test scores were observed in GP patients with normalization of serum rapid plasma regain (RPR) titers, but not those without normalization of RPR titers.ConclusionsSevere MTA may serve as a predictor of poor cognitive outcome and an indicator of severe cognitive impairment in GP patients. Thus, early interventions for improving cognitive function may be considered for GP patients with severe MTA. White matter hyperintensities may associated with attention impairment. Serum RPR titer may serve as a sensitive indicator of therapeutic effect in GP.