bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untargeted metabolomics analysis reveals key pathways responsible for the synergistic killing of colistin and doripenem combination against Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Maifiah Mohd Hafidz Mahamad , Creek Darren J. , Nation Roger L. , Forrest Alan , Tsuji Brian T. , Velkov Tony , Li Jian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCombination therapy is deployed for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, as it can rapidly develop resistance to current antibiotics. This is the first study to investigate the synergistic effect of colistin/doripenem combination on the metabolome of A. baumannii. The metabolite levels were measured using LC-MS following treatment with colistin (2 mg/L) or doripenem (25 mg/L) alone, and their combination at 15 min, 1 hr and 4 hr (n = 4). Colistin caused early (15 min and 1 hr) disruption of the bacterial outer membrane and cell wall, as demonstrated by perturbation of glycerophospholipids and fatty acids. Concentrations of peptidoglycan biosynthesis metabolites decreased at 4 hr by doripenem alone, reflecting its mechanism of action. The combination induced significant changes to more key metabolic pathways relative to either monotherapy. Down-regulation of cell wall biosynthesis (via D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate) and nucleotide metabolism (via D-ribose 5-phosphate) was associated with perturbations in the pentose phosphate pathway induced initially by colistin (15 min and 1 hr) and later by doripenem (4 hr). We discovered that the combination synergistically killed A. baumannii via time-dependent inhibition of different key metabolic pathways. Our study highlights the significant potential of systems pharmacology in elucidating the mechanism of synergy and optimizing antibiotic pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics.
Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among Kazakhs with high Salt Intake in Xinjiang, China: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hu Yaoda , Wang Zixing , Wang Yuyan , Wang Lei , Han Wei , Tang Yong , Xue Fang , Hou Lei , Liang Shaohua , Zhang Biao , Wang Weizhi , Asaiti Kuliqian , Pang Haiyu , Zhang Mingtao , Jiang Jingmei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHypertension is a leading cause of death worldwide; data on hypertension among ethnic minorities in China are sparse. This study aimed to estimate hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in a Kazakh population, and to assess the association between salt intake and the above measures. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Kazakh adults (≥30 years old) in the town of Hongdun, Altay, Xinjiang. Survey procedures included a questionnaire, physical measurement, and laboratory tests. Of 1805 eligible individuals, 1668 (92.4%) were included in the analysis. After adjustment for gender, age, and occupation, prevalence of hypertension was 45.5%. The proportions with awareness, treatment, control, or medication-control were 61.0%, 28.8%, 2.9% and 10.1%, respectively. Higher prevalence was seen among nomads and farmers (50.7% and 44.6%, respectively). However, the proportions with treatment or control were lower than seen among urban citizens. Hypertension prevalence was higher in those with higher salt intake (p = 0.0008). In contrast, the proportions with awareness (p = 0.0389), treatment (p = 0.0010), control (p = 0.0503), and medication-control (p = 0.2012) reduced as salt intake increased. In conclusion, hypertension prevalence is high in this population, but the proportions with awareness, treatment, or control are sub-optimal. Public health interventions that improve hypertension prevention and control, particularly among nomads, is needed.
Degradation of topological surface state by nonmagnetic S doping in SrxBi2Se3
Authors: Huang Hui , Gu Juanjuan , Tan Min , Wang Qinglong , Ji Ping , Hu Xueyou 
Published: March 2017

AbstractResearch on possible topological superconductivity has grown rapidly over the past several years, from fundamental studies to the development of next generation technologies. Recently, it has been reported that the SrxBi2Se3 exhibits superconductivity with topological surface state, making this compound a promising candidate for investigating possible topological superconductivity. However, whether or not the topological surface state is robust against impurities is not clear in this system. Here we report a detailed investigation on the lattice structure, electronic and magnetic properties, as well as the topological superconducting properties of SrxBi2Se3−ySy samples. It is found that the superconducting transition temperature keeps nearly unchanged in all samples, despite of a gradual decrease of the superconducting shielding volume fraction with increasing S doping content. Meanwhile, the Shubnikov-de Hass oscillation results of the SrxBi2Se3−ySy samples reveal that the topological surface states are destroyed in S doped samples, suggesting the topological character is degraded by nonmagnetic dopants.
Qubit-flip-induced cavity mode squeezing in the strong dispersive regime of the quantum Rabi model
Authors: Joshi Chaitanya , Irish Elinor K. , Spiller Timothy P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSqueezed states of light are a set of nonclassical states in which the quantum fluctuations of one quadrature component are reduced below the standard quantum limit. With less noise than the best stabilised laser sources, squeezed light is a key resource in the field of quantum technologies and has already improved sensing capabilities in areas ranging from gravitational wave detection to biomedical applications. In this work we propose a novel technique for generating squeezed states of a confined light field strongly coupled to a two-level system, or qubit, in the dispersive regime. Utilising the dispersive energy shift caused by the interaction, control of the qubit state produces a time-dependent change in the frequency of the light field. An appropriately timed sequence of sudden frequency changes reduces the quantum noise fluctuations in one quadrature of the field well below the standard quantum limit. The degree of squeezing and the time of generation are directly controlled by the number of frequency shifts applied. Even in the presence of realistic noise and imperfections, our protocol promises to be capable of generating a useful degree of squeezing with present experimental capabilities.
Downregulation of LIMK1–ADF/cofilin by DADS inhibits the migration and invasion of colon cancer
Authors: Su Jian , Zhou Yujuan , Pan Zhibing , Shi Ling , Yang Jing , Liao Aijun , Liao Qianjin , Su Qi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to explore whether the downregulation of LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1)-actin depolymerization factor (ADF, also known as destrin)/cofilin by diallyl disulfide (DADS) inhibited the migration and invasion of colon cancer. Previous studies have shown that silencing LIMK1 could significantly enhance the inhibitory effect of DADS on colon cancer cell migration and invasion, suggesting that LIMK1 was a target molecule of DADS, which needed further confirmation. This study reported that LIMK1 and destrin were highly expressed in colon cancer and associated with poor prognosis of patients with colon cancer. Also, the expression of LIMK1 was positively correlated with the expression of destrin. The overexpression of LIMK1 significantly promoted colon cancer cell migration and invasion. DADS obviously inhibited migration and invasion by suppressing the phosphorylation of ADF/cofilin via downregulation of LIMK1 in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, DADS-induced suppression of cell proliferation was enhanced and antagonized by the knockdown and overexpression of LIMK1 in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Similar results were observed for DADS-induced changes in the expression of vimentin, CD34, Ki-67, and E-cadherin in xenografted tumors. These results indicated that LIMK1 was a potential target molecule for the inhibitory effect of DADS on colon cancer cell migration and invasion.
Bacterial kinesin light chain (Bklc) links the Btub cytoskeleton to membranes
Authors: Akendengue Lurlène , Trépout Sylvain , Graña Martín , Voegele Alexis , Janke Carsten , Raynal Bertrand , Chenal Alexandre , Marco Sergio , Wehenkel Anne Marie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBacterial kinesin light chain is a TPR domain-containing protein encoded by the bklc gene, which co-localizes with the bacterial tubulin (btub) genes in a conserved operon in Prosthecobacter. Btub heterodimers show high structural homology with eukaryotic tubulin and assemble into head-to-tail protofilaments. Intriguingly, Bklc is homologous to the light chain of the microtubule motor kinesin and could thus represent an additional eukaryotic-like cytoskeletal element in bacteria. Using biochemical characterization as well as cryo-electron tomography we show here that Bklc interacts specifically with Btub protofilaments, as well as lipid vesicles and could thus play a role in anchoring the Btub filaments to the membrane protrusions in Prosthecobacter where they specifically localize in vivo. This work sheds new light into possible ways in which the microtubule cytoskeleton may have evolved linking precursors of microtubules to the membrane via the kinesin moiety that in today’s eukaryotic cytoskeleton links vesicle-packaged cargo to microtubules.
The earliest phases of high-mass star formation, as seen in NGC 6334 by Herschel-HOBYS
Authors: Tigé J. , Motte F. , Russeil D. , Zavagno A. , Hennemann M. , Schneider N. , Hill T. , Nguyen Luong Q. , Di Francesco J. , Bontemps S. , Louvet F. , Didelon P. , Könyves V. , André Ph. , Leuleu G. , Bardagi J. , Anderson L. D. , Arzoumanian D. , Benedettini M. , Bernard J.-P. , Elia D. , Figueira M. , Kirk J. , Martin P. G. , Minier V. , Molinari S. , Nony T. , Persi P. , Pezzuto S. , Polychroni D. , Rayner T. , Rivera-Ingraham A. , Roussel H. , Rygl K. , Spinoglio L. , White G. J. 
Published: March 2017

Aims. To constrain models of high-mass star formation, the Herschel-HOBYS key program aims at discovering massive dense cores (MDCs) able to host the high-mass analogs of low-mass prestellar cores, which have been searched for over the past decade. We here focus on NGC 6334, one of the best-studied HOBYS molecular cloud complexes.
Methods. We used Herschel/PACS and SPIRE 70−500 μm images of the NGC 6334 complex complemented with (sub)millimeter and mid-infrared data. We built a complete procedure to extract ~0.1 pc dense cores with the getsources software, which simultaneously measures their far-infrared to millimeter fluxes. We carefully estimated the temperatures and masses of these dense cores from their spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We also identified the densest pc-scale cloud structures of NGC 6334, one 2 pc × 1 pc ridge and two 0.8 pc × 0.8 pc hubs, with volume-averaged densities of ~105 cm-3.
Results. A cross-correlation with high-mass star formation signposts suggests a mass threshold of 75 M⊙ for MDCs in NGC 6334. MDCs have temperatures of 9.5−40 K, masses of 75−1000 M⊙, and densities of 1 × 105−7 × 107 cm-3. Their mid-infrared emission is used to separate 6 IR-bright and 10 IR-quiet protostellar MDCs while their 70 μm emission strength, with respect to fitted SEDs, helps identify 16 starless MDC candidates. The ability of the latter to host high-mass prestellar cores is investigated here and remains questionable. An increase in mass and density from the starless to the IR-quiet and IR-bright phases suggests that the protostars and MDCs simultaneously grow in mass. The statistical lifetimes of the high-mass prestellar and protostellar core phases, estimated to be 1−7 × 104 yr and at most 3 × 105 yr respectively, suggest a dynamical scenario of high-mass star formation.
Conclusions. The present study provides good mass estimates for a statistically significant sample, covering the earliest phases of high-mass star formation. High-mass prestellar cores may not exist in NGC 6334, favoring a scenario presented here, which simultaneously forms clouds, ridges, MDCs, and high-mass protostars.
Circulating Extracellular DNA: Cause or Consequence of Thrombosis?
Authors: Jiménez-Alcázar Miguel , Kim Natalie , Fuchs Tobias 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThrombosis leads to ischemic organ damage in cardiovascular and thromboembolic diseases. Neutrophils promote thrombosis in vitro and in vivo by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are composed of DNA filaments coated with histones and neutrophil enzymes such as myeloperoxidase (MPO). Circulating extracellular DNA (ceDNA) is widely used as a surrogate marker to monitor NET formation in thrombosis. This narrative review summarizes the association of ceDNA with human thrombosis. Levels of ceDNA indicate the extent and outcome of several cardiovascular and thromboembolic diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism. ceDNA correlates with markers of coagulation and platelet consumption, thus supporting the hypothesis that ceDNA may be a surrogate marker of thrombus formation. In addition, ceDNA levels correlate with markers of cell injury and size of ischemic lesions, suggesting that ceDNA does not derive from NETs but is probably released from damaged organs. Few studies identified NET-specific biomarkers such as DNA–MPO complexes in the blood of patients with thrombosis. In conclusion, it remains to be established whether ceDNA in patients derives from NETs and is a cause or consequence of thrombosis.
Scoring Systems for Estimating the Risk of Anticoagulant-Associated Bleeding
Authors: Parks Anna , Fang Margaret 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAnticoagulant medications are frequently used to prevent and treat thromboembolic disease. However, the benefits of anticoagulants must be balanced with a careful assessment of the risk of bleeding complications that can ensue from their use. Several bleeding risk scores are available, including the Outpatient Bleeding Risk Index, HAS-BLED, ATRIA, and HEMORR2HAGES risk assessment tools, and can be used to help estimate patients' risk for bleeding on anticoagulants. These tools vary by their individual risk components and in how they define and weigh clinical factors. However, it is not yet clear how best to integrate bleeding risk tools into clinical practice. Current bleeding risk scores generally have modest predictive ability and limited ability to predict the most devastating complication of anticoagulation, intracranial hemorrhage. In clinical practice, bleeding risk tools should be paired with a formal determination of thrombosis risk, as their results may be most influential for patients at the lower end of thrombosis risk, as well as for highlighting potentially modifiable risk factors for bleeding. Use of bleeding risk scores may assist clinicians and patients in making informed and individualized anticoagulation decisions.
Cladophialophora Bantiana: A Rare Intracerebral Fungal Abscess—Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Ahmad Maleeha , Jacobs Darren , Wu Hueizhi , Wolk Donna , Kazmi Syed , Jaramillo Carlos , Toms Steven 
Published: March 2017

Background Intracerebral Cladophialophora bantiana may carry up to a 70% mortality rate despite advances in surgical resection capabilities and the use of both systemic and intrathecal antifungal treatments.
Objectives The authors examined a retrospective case series of two patients with intracerebral infection from the rare, neurotropic fungus Cladophialophora bantiana and conducted a literature review to evaluate optimal therapies.
Patients/Methods At our institution, the patients' cases presented with raised intracranial features of headache, visual field cut, and/or memory loss, with a correspondingly wide variety of radiological differential diagnoses. It was the microbiological, histopathological, and genomic identification of C. bantiana that ensured targeted, individualized patient therapies.
Results and Conclusions Successful treatment depends on obtaining a complete surgical resection, an accurate microbiological diagnoses for mold identification, and an effective long-term, personalized antifungal treatment. Close radiographic surveillance is necessary to ensure complete eradication of pheoid fungi.
Rehabilitationsprozesse in ambulanter und stationärer Rehabilitation nach radikaler Prostatovesikulektomie
Authors: Rath H. , Ullrich A. , Otto U. , Kerschgens C. , Raida M. , Hagen-Aukamp C. , Koch U. , Bergelt C. 
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung
Untersucht werden Rehaprozesse bei ambulanten und stationären Patienten nach radikaler Prostatovesikulektomie.
Insgesamt wurden zu Rehabeginn Motivation und Erwartungen von 119 ambulanten und 719 stationären Patienten (≤64 Jahre) erfasst sowie am Ende Zufriedenheit und therapeutische Leistungen.
Ambulante Patienten weisen einen höheren sozio-ökonomischen Status und eine bessere körperliche Verfassung auf. Bezüglich Motivation, Erwartungen und Zufriedenheit bestehen kaum Unterschiede. Beide Gruppen unterscheiden sich nicht in der Menge an erhaltenen Leistungen. Allerdings liegen z.T. Unterschiede in der Art der Maßnahmen vor.
Ambulante und stationäre Reha sind hinsichtlich der Menge an therapeutischen Leistungen vergleichbar. Diskrepanzen in der Art der Leistungen sind auf das unterschiedliche Patientenklientel zurückzuführen. Die Studie gibt Hinweise auf settingspezifische Patientenmerkmale, was in größeren Stichproben zu verifizieren ist.
Consistent and powerful graph-based change-point test for high-dimensional data
Authors: Shi Xiaoping , Wu Yuehua , Rao Calyampudi Radhakrishna 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Change-point detection in high-dimensional time series is necessary in many areas of science and engineering, including neuroscience, signal processing, network evolution, image analysis, and text analysis. In terms of a multivariate generalization of the Wald–Wolfowitz run test using the shortest Hamiltonian path, this paper proposes a distribution-free, consistent graph-based change-point detection for high-dimensional data. Once a change-point is detected, its location is estimated by using ratio cut. The test is very powerful against alternatives with a shift in mean or variance and is accurate in change-point estimation. Its applicability is demonstrated in the example of tracking cell division.
Out of context
Authors: Drew Paul 
Published: March 2017

This paper explores the intersection between two very different contexts – domestic life and the workplace – and the membrane which lies between them. This membrane is manifest in the practices through which participants come to treat certain of their identities as salient for the present interaction. This is explored through close examination of a conversation, the beginning of which happens to offer a kind of ‘natural laboratory’: the failure by a husband to recognise his wife’s voice when she calls him at work affords us the opportunity to see how each manages the talk as being, respectively, ‘workplace’ or ‘domestic’.
© 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Determination of intrinsic mobility of a bilayer oxide thin-film transistor by pulsed I–V method
Authors: Woo Hyunsuk , Kim Taeho , Hur Jihyun , Jeon Sanghun 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Amorphous oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFT) have been considered as outstanding switch devices owing to their high mobility. However, because of their amorphous channel material with a certain level of density of states, a fast transient charging effect in an oxide TFT occurs, leading to an underestimation of the mobility value. In this paper, the effects of the fast charging of high-performance bilayer oxide semiconductor TFTs on mobility are examined in order to determine an accurate mobility extraction method. In addition, an approach based on a pulse I
D
–V
G measurement method is proposed to determine the intrinsic mobility value. Even with the short pulse I
D
–V
G measurement, a certain level of fast transient charge trapping cannot be avoided as long as the charge-trap start time is shorter than the pulse rising time. Using a pulse-amplitude-dependent threshold voltage characterization method, we estimated a correction factor for the apparent mobility, thus allowing us to determine the intrinsic mobility.
Plato’s Sophist
Authors: Notomi Noburu 
Published: March 2017

The Sophist is a dialogue by Plato (b. c. 427–d. c. 347 bce) that modern scholarship unanimously places in his later period. This placement connects it with the other later dialogues; namely, the Statesman, Timaeus, Critias, Philebus, and Laws. Also, it is closely related to the preceding dialogues of the transitional period; namely, the Parmenides and Theaetetus. The classification of “later dialogues,” originally suggested by Lewis Campbell in 1867, is now a common view of the Platonic chronology. Scholars normally assume that Plato wrote it after the second voyage to Sicily (c. 366–365 bce) in his early sixties. The official theme of the Sophist is to examine and define the Sophist, which had been a major concern for Plato since the earlier dialogues (e.g., the Apology of Socrates, Gorgias, Protagoras). The method of division (diairesis), employed for definition, is originally suggested in the Phaedrus and is used also in the Statesman and Philebus. But the inquiry into the Sophist faces several difficulties of philosophical importance concerning falsehood, image, not-being, and being. After solving these difficulties, it finally defines the Sophist as “imitator of the wise.” The dialogue covers a wide range of philosophical subjects and is famous for substantial discussions on ontology, epistemology, logic, and the philosophy of language. Ontological questions such as the following are asked: Can we speak or think of not-being? What is being? The examination provides a basis for logic and epistemology in the following questions: How is there a falsehood? What are a statement (logos), a judgment, and an appearance (phantasia)? Then, modern scholars ask what negation is, and how one can distinguish between different uses of the verb “to be.” Finally, the examination of the true nature of the Sophist raises issues of education, ethics, politics, rhetoric, aesthetics, and cosmology. The dialogue was probably read and discussed in Plato’s Academy and therefore greatly influenced later philosophers. Aristotle took over many achievements of the inquiry, such as definitions of “statement” and “truth/falsehood,” and critically used the method of division. Since the mid-20th century, the analytical approach has shed new light on the logical aspects of the dialogue (in particular, falsehood, negation, and the verb “to be”), so the context and development of scholarly arguments have to be taken into consideration, while many earlier studies keep their interpretative values. More-recent studies show a wider variety of approaches to the dialogue (different from the analytic tradition).