bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Organic Fluoride on Combustion Agglomerates of Aluminized HTPB Solid Propellant
Authors: Zhou Xuyuan , Zou Meishuai , Huang Fenglei , Yang Rongjie , Guo Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based propellants containing fixed aluminum content (18 wt %) and different amounts of organic fluoride (OF) additive were studied. Explosion heat of propellant samples and particle size distribution of the solid combustion products were experimentally measured to generally assess the effect of the organic fluoride compounds on propellants. Heats of explosion decreased approximately by 9.5 %, from 7209 (±259) to 6525 (±146) kJ kg−1, with the increase in OF content from 0 % to 6 %, and the volume fraction of particles size above 10 μm was sharply decreased. In addition, scanning electron microscope images showed the solid combustion products to be well separated, the titration analysis results also gave the amount of unburned metallic aluminum decreased. These results indicated that OF as an additive would be helpful to reduce agglomeration in the combustion products of aluminized HTPB propellants. Furthermore, a mechanism for suppression of agglomerate size can be postulated based on the X‐ray diffraction analysis data that addition of OF promotes increased content of γ‐Al2O3 (aluminum oxide) in the solid combustion products.
Synthesis and Low‐Temperature Capacitive Performances of Ternary Active Site CoNiFe Hydroxides
Authors: Su Linghao , Song Zuwei , Guo Jialiang , Li Jiujiang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCoNiFe ternary hydroxides were synthesized via hydrothermal method and the synthesis conditions (temperature, reaction time and Co/Ni/Fe molar ratio) were investigated. High temperature and long reaction time help to increase the crystallinity of the as‐prepared materials yet result in creating the impurities (Co(OH)2, Ni(OH)2 and Fe3O4) in addition to layered double hydroxide (LDH). Pure ternary CoNiFe LDH phase is obtained at the optimized condition at 130 °C for 12 h when Co/Ni molar ratios are 3:1 and 1:1. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests display the capacitive performances at −20 °C of the ternary LDH material with Co/Ni molar ratio of 3:1 is superior to binary CoFe LDH.
1D, 2D, and 2D Parallel Interpenetrated Dicarboxylato Bridged Co(II) Metal Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Fluorescence Sensing and Band Gap Calculation
Authors: Mistri Soumen , Zangrando Ennio , Vojtíšek Pavel , Manna Subal Chandra 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMetal organic frameworks of Co(II), {[Co(bphz)1.5(tp)(H2O)2]⋅3.2H2O}n (1), {[Co(bphz)(ip)]⋅(bphz)0.5}n (2), and [Co(bpp)(ppda)(H2O)2]n (3) [where bphz=N,N′‐bis‐pyridin‐4‐ylmethylene‐hydrazine; tp=1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate; ip=1,3‐benzenedicarboxylate; bpp=1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane; ppda=1,4‐phenylenediacrylate] have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction and spectroscopic studies. Complex 1 is a ladder like 1D polymeric chain, 2 is a 2D porous sheet, while 3 is a 2D parallel interpenetrated network. The band gap of complexes has been calculated using solid state reflectance spectra, and results show that complexes act as semiconductor. In dispersed methanolic solution complexes 1–3 exhibit intense fluorescence at room temperature. The complexes were tested with several aromatic compounds such as benzene, nitrobenzene, o‐nitrotoluene and p‐nitrotoluene, etc., in dispersed methanol medium. Results show that complex 3 selectively senses nitro aromatic compounds and this behavior has been explained on the basis of PET and RET mechanisms.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclic Nitrones via Organocatalytic Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Nitroolefins and Subsequent Reductive Cyclization.
Authors: Szcześniak Piotr , Staszewska‐Krajewska Olga , Furman Bartłomiej , Młynarski Jacek 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA direct approach to the synthesis of optically active five‐membered cyclic nitrones is described. The presented strategy is based on organocatalytic Michael addition of aldehydes to trans‐nitroalkenes and subsequent reductive cyclization. The developed methodology was successfully applied to the asymmetric synthesis of Methdilazine.
Second‐ to third‐trimester longitudinal growth assessment for prediction of small‐for‐gestational age and late fetal growth restriction
Authors: Caradeux J. , Eixarch E. , Mazarico E. , Basuki T. R. , Gratacós E. , Figueras F. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveDetection of fetal growth restriction (FGR) remains poor and most screening strategies rely on cross‐sectional evaluation of fetal size during the third trimester. A longitudinal and individualized approach has been proposed as an alternative method of evaluation. The aim of this study was to compare second‐ to third‐trimester longitudinal growth assessment to cross‐sectional evaluation in the third trimester for the prediction of small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) and late FGR in low‐risk singleton pregnancy.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of 2696 unselected consecutive low‐risk singleton pregnancies scanned at 21 ± 2 and 32 ± 2 weeks. For cross‐sectional growth assessment, abdominal circumference (AC) measurements were transformed to z‐values according the 21st‐INTERGROWTH standards. Longitudinal growth assessment was performed by calculating the AC z‐velocity and the second‐ to third‐trimester AC conditional growth centile. Longitudinal assessment was compared with cross‐sectional assessment at 32 weeks. Association of cross‐sectional and longitudinal evaluations with SGA and late FGR was assessed by logistic regression analysis. Predictive performance was determined by receiver–operating characteristics curve analysis.ResultIn total, 210 (7.8%) newborns were classified as SGA and 103 (3.8%) as late FGR. Neither longitudinal measurement improved the association with SGA or late FGR provided by cross‐sectional evaluation of AC z‐score at 32 weeks. Areas under the curves of AC z‐velocity and conditional AC growth were significantly smaller than those of cross‐sectional AC z‐scores (P < 0.001), although AC z‐velocity performed significantly better than did conditional AC growth (P < 0.001).ConclusionLongitudinal assessment of fetal growth from the second to third trimester has a low predictive capacity for SGA and late FGR in low‐risk singleton pregnancy compared with cross‐sectional growth evaluation. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Anatomical subgroup analysis of the MERIDIAN cohort: ventriculomegaly
Authors: Griffiths P. D. , Brackley K. , Bradburn M. , Connolly D. J. A. , Gawne‐Cain M. L. , Griffiths D. I. , Kilby M. D. , Mandefield L. , Mooney C. , Robson S. C. , Vollmer B. , Mason G. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the contribution of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in fetuses of the MERIDIAN cohort diagnosed with ventriculomegaly (VM) as the only abnormal intracranial finding on antenatal ultrasound.MethodsThis was a subgroup analysis of the MERIDIAN study of fetuses with only VM diagnosed on ultrasound in women who had a subsequent MRI examination within 2 weeks and for whom outcome reference data were available. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and MRI was reported in relation to the severity of VM. The difference in measurements of trigone size on the two imaging methods and the clinical impact of adding MRI to the diagnostic pathway were also studied.ResultsIn 306 fetuses with VM, ultrasound failed to detect 31 additional brain abnormalities, having an overall diagnostic accuracy of 89.9% for ultrasound, whilst MRI correctly detected 27 of the additional brain abnormalities, having a diagnostic accuracy of 98.7% (P < 0.0001). There were other brain abnormalities in 14/244 fetuses with mild VM on ultrasound (diagnostic accuracy, 94.3%) and MRI correctly diagnosed 12 of these (diagnostic accuracy, 99.2%; P = 0.0005). There was a close agreement between the size of trigones measured on ultrasound and on MRI, with categorical differences in only 16% of cases, showing that MRI did not systematically overestimate or underestimate trigone size. Complete prognostic data were available in 295/306 fetuses and the prognosis category changed after MRI in 69/295 (23.4%) cases. The overall effect of MRI on clinical management was considered to be ‘significant’, ‘major’ or ‘decisive’ in 76/295 (25.8%) cases.ConclusionOur data suggest that a woman carrying a fetus with VM as the only intracranial finding on ultrasound should be offered an adjuvant investigation by MRI for further evaluation. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Nonadiabatic charge dynamics in novel solar cell materials
Authors: Long Run , Prezhdo Oleg V. , Fang Weihai 
Published: March 2017

The review describes recent research into the nonequilibrium phenomena in nanoscale materials, with focus on charge separation and recombination, that form the basis for photovoltaic and photocatalytic devices. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics combined with ab initio real‐time time‐dependent density functional theory enable us to model time‐resolved laser experiments at the atomistic level, emphasizing realistic aspects of the materials, such as defects, dopants, boundaries, chemical bonding, etc. A variety of systems have been considered, including bulk semiconductors sensitized by semiconducting/metallic nanoparticles and graphene, nanocrystal/molecule junctions, polymer interfaces with carbon nanotubes and nanoclusters, van der Waals heterojunctions, black phosphorus, and hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites. The detailed atomistic knowledge obtained from the explicit time‐domain modeling generates comprehensive understanding of electron‐vibrational dynamics in complex multi‐component systems, provides critical insights into quantum mechanical transport of energy and charge, and leads to valuable guidelines for improvement of solar‐to‐electric power conversion in photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications and for efficient performance of transport devices. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2017, 7:e1305. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1305This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Leaf litter decomposition of 12 tree species in a subtropical forest in Japan
Authors: Osono Takashi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe leaf litter decomposition of 12 tree species was examined for three years in a subtropical forest in Japan to follow the pattern of changes in organic chemical constituents and nitrogen (N) and the relationship between these components. The remaining mass of the leaf litter reached 7–53% of the original mass at the end of the field incubation, and the decomposition constants (k) ranged from 0.37 to 2.39 year−1. The decomposition constant was significantly negatively correlated with the initial content of acid‐unhydrolyzable residue (AUR) for all 12 tree species. A net increase of AUR that lasted for the first 3 to 6 months was noted for leaf litter of four tree species. The absolute amount of total N increased initially and then decreased thereafter in leaf litter of five tree species, whereas total N mass decreased throughout the study period in leaf litter of the other species. Contents of AUR and total N in leaf litter generally increased linearly with the accumulated mass loss of litter during decomposition, resulting in positive slopes of linear regressions. Lignocellulose index and AUR to N ratio of the litter showed convergent trends for 12 tree species as the decomposition progressed. When compared with datasets for an Asian climatic gradient, the decomposition rates in the subtropical forest was intermediate between the rates in tropical and temperate forests, and AUR and N contents in decomposing litter were consistently lower than those in temperate forests, indicating faster loss of AUR and N.
Effect of Temperature on Foaming Ability and Foam Stability of Typical Surfactants Used for Foaming Agent
Authors: Wang Hetang , Guo Wangbiao , Zheng Chuanbao , Wang Deming , Zhan Hanhui 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFoam has extensive applications in a wide range of industrial fields. Some surfactants are used as foaming agents in the preparation of foam. The performance of the foaming agent directly affects the application of the foam. In this paper, experiments were designed and conducted to reveal the influence of temperature on foaming performance of 10 typical anionic, cationic, nonionic, and amphiprotic surfactants. They were exposed to different temperature conditions to measure the foaming capacity (FC), foaming expansion (FE), and foam's half‐life. FC and FE represent foaming ability (FA), and half‐life represents foam stability (FS). The results show that the FC increased at elevated foaming temperature, while FS decreased with rising temperature. Anionic surfactants are less affected by temperature and have better FA and longer FS. It seems that 20–30 °C is an ideal foaming temperature. This study lays an important foundation for the efficient preparation and utilization of foam in industrial fields.
Measured PET Data Characterization with the Negative Binomial Distribution Model
Authors: Santarelli Maria Filomena , Positano Vincenzo , Landini Luigi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAccurate statistical model of PET measurements is a prerequisite for a correct image reconstruction when using statistical image reconstruction algorithms, or when pre-filtering operations must be performed. Although radioactive decay follows a Poisson distribution, deviation from Poisson statistics occurs on projection data prior to reconstruction due to physical effects, measurement errors, correction of scatter and random coincidences. Modelling projection data can aid in understanding the statistical nature of the data in order to develop efficient processing methods and to reduce noise. This paper outlines the statistical behaviour of measured emission data evaluating the goodness of fit of the negative binomial (NB) distribution model to PET data for a wide range of emission activity values. An NB distribution model is characterized by the mean of the data and the dispersion parameter α that describes the deviation from Poisson statistics. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate: (a) the performances of the dispersion parameter α estimator, (b) the goodness of fit of the NB model for a wide range of activity values. We focused on the effect produced by correction for random and scatter events in the projection (sinogram) domain, due to their importance in quantitative analysis of PET data. The analysis developed herein allowed us to assess the accuracy of the NB distribution model to fit corrected sinogram data, and to evaluate the sensitivity of the dispersion parameter α to quantify deviation from Poisson statistics. By the sinogram ROI-based analysis, it was demonstrated that deviation on the measured data from Poisson statistics can be quantitatively characterized by the dispersion parameter α, in any noise conditions and corrections.
Can Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Predict the Clinical Outcome in Drowned Children?
Authors: Hruşcã Adrian , Rãchişan Andreea Liana , Rödl Siegfried , Sorantin Erich 
Published: March 2017

Introduction Pediatric cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injury frequently results in severe neurological outcome. Imaging with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWi) demonstrates that the acute cerebral injury and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) allow the assessment of the severity of brain damage. The main objective was to examine if spatial distribution of reductions in ADC values is associated with clinical outcome in drowned children. Methods This is a retrospective study of 7 children (7 examinations) suffering from a hypoxic-ischemic event who underwent DWi. Seven subjects with normal DWi served as controls. The mean patient age was 4.88 ± 2.93 years and the male-to-female ratio was 5:2. The neurological outcome was divided into 2 categories: 4 children with Apallic syndrome and 3 deaths. We analysed the differences between the drowned children and the control group regarding clinical data, DWi abnormalities, and ADC values. Results The ADC values in the occipital and parietal grey matter were significantly different between the drowned children (765.14 ± 65.47 vs 920.95 ± 69.62; P = .003) and the control group (670.82 ± 233.99 vs 900.66 ± 92.72; P = .005). The ADC showed low values in the precentral area also ( P = .044). Conclusion The ADC reduction may be useful to predict the poor outcome in drowned children and can be a valuable tool for clinical assessment.
True Atomic-Scale Imaging in Three Dimensions: A Review of the Rebirth of Field-Ion Microscopy
Authors: Vurpillot Francois , Danoix Frédéric , Gilbert Matthieu , Koelling Sebastian , Dagan Michal , Seidman David N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article reviews recent advances utilizing field-ion microscopy (FIM) to extract atomic-scale three-dimensional images of materials. This capability is not new, as the first atomic-scale reconstructions of features utilizing FIM were demonstrated decades ago. The rise of atom probe tomography, and the application of this latter technique in place of FIM has unfortunately severely limited further FIM development. Currently, the ubiquitous availability of extensive computing power makes it possible to treat and reconstruct FIM data digitally and this development allows the image sequences obtained utilizing FIM to be extremely valuable for many material science and engineering applications. This article demonstrates different applications of these capabilities, focusing on its use in physical metallurgy and semiconductor science and technology.
Property as sequential exchange: definition and language issues
Authors: ALLEN DOUGLAS W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBenito Arrunãda's paper on the transaction cost problems involved with land, provides an excellent explanation of land legal institutions. This explanation revolves around the fact that land exists through time, and that various exchanges made with respect to land at one time affect exchanges in other times. Arrunãda refers to this as ‘sequential exchange’, and he argues that sequential exchange provides the explanation for state involvement in titling and the default nature of in rem rights. Unfortunately, Arrunãda frames his argument with an inappropriate notion of transaction costs. This creates a confusing language, and a faulty interpretation of Coasean logic. Reframing the first sections of his paper using the ‘property rights’ definition of transaction costs brings brevity and clarity to the ultimate point he is trying to make.
EEG Frequency Characteristics in Healthy Advanced Elderly
Authors: Mizukami Kimiko , Katada Akiyoshi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) activity over the course of the normal aging process demonstrate that elderly individuals exhibit an increase in slow wave activity. In this study, we reexamined findings that EEG activity in healthy elderly individuals aged over 85 years (range 85–94) was the same or different compared to individuals younger than 84 years (range 65–84). We performed EEG frequency analysis to investigate the characteristics of resting state frequency components in a cross-sectional study. In individuals aged 85 and older, the dominant frequency component demonstrated a significant shift toward the slower alpha frequency in the left temporal and occipital regions. However, among the oldest individuals, a spectral peak appeared at 9.0–10.0 Hz, and power curves at peak frequency exhibited a sharp rise. Interestingly, healthy individuals older than 85 did not exhibit an appreciable change in EEG, suggesting that “slowing” is not a characteristic sign of aging.
Effect of Comorbid Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Panic Disorder on Defensive Responding
Authors: Katz Andrea C. , Weinberg Anna , Gorka Stephanie M. , Auerbach Randy P. , Shankman Stewart A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Although panic disorder (PD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are characterized by heightened sensitivity to threat, no study to date has examined the effect of comorbid PD and PTSD on defensive responding. The present study probed startle eyeblink response to an acoustic probe in three groups of participants recruited from the community: (1) healthy individuals (n = 63), (2) individuals with PD without PTSD (n = 62), and (3) individuals with comorbid PD and PTSD (n = 24). Results indicated that PD individuals without PTSD exhibited greater sensitivity to threat relative to controls, and comorbid individuals displayed attenuated sensitivity to threat relative to PD individuals without PTSD (both ps < .05). The results are discussed in the context of the anxiety disorder spectrum, which postulates that anxiety disorders exist on a continuum spanning from specific/simple fear to broad distress, with defensive responding decreasing as distress increases.
What do expectant mothers need to know about oral health? A cohort study from a London maternity unit
Authors: Correia Patricia Nunes , Alkhatrash Aishah , Williams Catherine Ethel , Briley Annette , Carter Jenny , Poston Lucilla , Hosey Marie-Therese 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Objective:
To determine the oral health knowledge of pregnant women and to report their future plans to provide dental care for their expected child.

Design and setting:
Prospective cohort study; Ultrasound maternity services at St Thomas’ Hospital, London, 2014. Pregnant women attending for a routine ultrasound scan completed a questionnaire.

Results:
Women did not know that milk, dried fruit or fruit juices can cause caries. Most women knew about the benefit of fluoridated toothpaste, dental floss and sugar-free chewing gum, but only a minority knew about fluoride varnish. Most pregnant women planned to read or seek advice before purchasing their child’s first toothpaste. There was no difference regarding knowledge of prevention tools (diet and fluoride supplements) for dental caries (P>0.05) between first-time mothers and those who had children already. Though the latter knew more about toothpaste dose and timing of starting toothbrushing (P<0.05).

Discussion:
Oral health knowledge among pregnant women was deficient with respect to the cariogenicity of prolonged night-time milk feeding, dried fruits and fruit juice consumption. There was also limited knowledge of the benefit of fluoride varnish and timing of starting toothbrushing.

Conclusions:
Oral health knowledge amongst pregnant women is still deficient in many aspects. In this study population the need to improve maternal knowledge was shown.
Affibody molecules as engineered protein drugs
Authors: Frejd Fredrik Y , Kim Kyu-Tae 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAffibody molecules can be used as tools for molecular recognition in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. There are several preclinical studies reported on diagnostic and therapeutic use of this molecular class of alternative scaffolds, and early clinical evidence is now beginning to accumulate that suggests the Affibody molecules to be efficacious and safe in man. The small size and ease of engineering make Affibody molecules suitable for use in multispecific constructs where AffiMabs is one such that offers the option to potentiate antibodies for use in complex disease.