bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Microsponge Delivery System
Authors: Hans Mansi , Dua Jagdeep Singh , Prasad D.N , Sharma Diksha , Monika , 
Published: September 2024

Microsponge is recent novel technique for control release and target specific drug delivery system. Microsponge technology has been introduced in pharmaceutical industry to provide the controlled release of active drug ingredient for the application into the skin in order to decrease systemic exposure and reduce local cutaneous reactions to active drugs. Microsponges comprises of microporous beads, typically 10-25 microns in diameter, loaded with active agent. The microsponge releases its active ingredient on a time mode, when applied to the skin, and also in response to other stimuli that are used mostly for topical and recently for oral administration. Microsponge technology has many favourable characteristics which make It all around suitable as drug delivery vehicle. Microsponge systems can suspend or entrap a wide variety of substances, and then be incorporated into a formulated product such as a gel, cream, liquid or powder. The outer surface is mostly porous, allowing the sustained flow of substances out of the sphere. Microsponge drug delivery system causes increased efficacy for the topically active agents with enhanced safety and product stability for a longer period of time with reduction in side effects. In addition their non-allergenic, non-irritating, non-mutagenic and nontoxic behaviour makes them the suitable dosage form. The present review emphasis Microsponge drug delivery system along with its release mechanism.
Keywords: Novel drug delivery system, Microsponges, Microsponge drug delivery system, Quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method.
A Recent Review on Film Forming Topical Formulation
Authors: Nimase S A , Patil P B , Saudagar R B 
Published: September 2024

Film forming topical formulation is solutions / sprays , gels , emulsion are a novel approach is as an alternative to the conventional dosage formed used on the topically on skin , such as ointment , creams or patches .The polymeric solution is an applied to the skin as a liquid and forms a transparent invisible film by solvent evaporation the aim of this review was to search for alternatives to the conventional dosage forms .it is a novel approach helpful in providing sustained release drug delivery system with increase resistance time ,reduce skin irritation , improve skin adhesion property , increase drug release and increase patient comfortability.
Keywords: film forming formulation , transdermal drug delivery ,evaluation parameter.
Conjugation of Ibuprofen to Poly Ethylene Glycol and In-vitro drug release evaluation
Authors: Dutta Sikhamoni , Das Gupta Debapratim 
Published: September 2024

Polymers have become an integral part of drug delivery systems due to their improved pharmacokinetics properties. Polymer conjugation is a well-known and widely exploited technique useful to improve therapeutic properties of peptides, proteins, small molecules and oligonucleotides. Polymer conjugated drug generally exhibit prolonged half-life, higher stability, water solubility, lower immunogenicity, antigenicity and often also to the specific targeting tissue. Polymer materials are designed to be capable of delivering active substance. to the target diseased tissues and cells. Conjugation of Ibuprofen and polyethylene glycol (PEG) helps to increase the duration of action of the parent drug. The PEG-Ibu conjugates were synthesized from ibuprofen and PEG with two different molecular weights by esterification in the presence of DCC and DMAP. The PEG-Ibu conjugation characterized by FT-IR, UV, DSC and NMR and also in-vitro drug release study in different buffer at different ph.
Keyword: Polymer, Conjugation, In vitro, prodrug, spacer molecule.
Development and Validation of UV- Spectrophotometric Method for estimation of Vancomycin Hydrochloride
Authors: Pande Saikat , Parikh Jolly R 
Published: September 2024

UV-spectrophotometry refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. This method of analysis is gaining importance as it is rapid, simple, precise, less time consuming and highly accurate. The objective of the present investigation was to develop an accurate, rapid and robust method for determination of Vancomycin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations by using UV spectrophotometric method. Vancomycin hydrochloride shows maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 281 nm, which is used for this study. The method provides a linear response from a quantitation range of 20 µg/ml to 100 µg/ml in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 with regression equation y = 0.0038x + 0.0045 and r2 0.9994. Interday precision and accuracy was found to be below 0.2 and above 99.00% respectively for the developed method. Thus the developed method may be suitably applied for regular quality control of Vancomycin hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations.
Keywords: Vancomycin hydrochloride, spectroscopic method, validation.
Effect of pH and Gastrointestinal Enzymes on Stability of Psoralen, Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol using Simultaneous TLC Densitometric Method and Standardization of commercial formulations containing Psoralea cordyfollia Linn.
Authors: Chopade Jyotsna Rudrakumar , Mahadik Kakasaheb R. , Sathiyanarayanan L. , Nikam Ajinkya 
Published: September 2024

Psoralea corylifolia is used for treatmet of skin diseases such as psoriasis, vitiligo. Psoralen is responsible for its effectiveness against psoriasis. Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol are DNA polymerase and topoisomerase II inhibitors. To study the effect of pH and gastrointestinal (GI) enzymes on Psoralen, Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol from Psoralea corylifolia Linn using a simple, sensitive, accurate and robust high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method. The method was performed on silica gel 60 F254with n- Hexane : Ethyl acetate ( 7.5 : 2.5 v/v) as the mobile phase. Densitometric scanning at 285 nm for Psoralen, Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol was used. The method was validated as per the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). In addition the applicability of the method was tested for the standardization of both mono and polyherbal formulations containing the above markers. The Rf values of 0.37, 0.48 and 0.63 were obtained for Psoralen, Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol respectively. The linearity range of 20-120 ng spot-1, 20-120 ng spot-1 and 80-280 ng spot-1 with good correlation coefficients of r2 = 0.998, 0.998 and 0.999 were obtained for Psoralen, Bakuchicin and Bakuchiol respectively. The method was applied for the in vitro stability studies of above markers in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids to study the effect of pH and GI enzymes. Psoralen was found to be most stable in the simulated physiological fluids whereas other two compounds showed instability. The method was found to be precise, robust and suitable for the routine quality control analysis of plant extracts and polyherbal formulations.
Keywords: Psoralea corylifolia Linn, Leguminoceae, HPTLC, Enzymatic stability
A view of Homoeopathy on Musculoskeletal Disorders in Sports Injuries
Authors: Nayak Chintamani , Hati Akshay K , Pati Samar , Dhal Subhashree , PAITAL BISWARANJAN 
Published: September 2024

Musculoskeletal disorders and treatment focus on various aspects of Repetitive Motion Injuries, Repetitive Strain Injuries, Cumulative Trauma Disorders, Occupational Cervico-brachial Disorders, Overuse Syndrome, Regional Musculoskeletal Disorders, Soft Tissue Disorders, Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, Musculoskeletal Disorders. It can be seen in the elderly, arthritis, drug interaction checker, fibromyalgia, living healthy, lupus osteoarthritis, pill identifier, rheumatoid arthritis, sports injuries, etc. Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most common problems in sport injuries resulting loss of mobility and physical independence. Homoeopathic treatment schedule considers disease as a dynamic unit and the derangement of the whole man, expressed through the particular organs of the body, i.e. the ‘whole man’ is primarily diseased and individual organs/parts are only secondarily affected. It distinguishes each entity suffering from various or same diseases as different from others, because individuals are inimitable by virtue of their particular and peculiar mental and physical states, and characteristics. Concisely, it lays emphasis on, the ‘person diagnosis’, instead of the ‘disease diagnosis’. Therefore,” every diseases has a cure” is the believe of homoeopathy. Under this flow of homeopathy principle, the aim of this article is to present some of the most frequent musculoskeletal disorders in sports Injuries and their homoeopathic treatment schedule .Sports is an essential part of each nation. There are many ways to classify sports injuries based on the time taken for the tissues to become injured, tissue type affected, severity of the injury, and type of the injury occurred in the individual. Therefore, different homeopathic treatments are required to tackle different category of injury especially the outcomes of sport activities.
Keywords: Acute injuries, homoeopathy, overuse injuries, prevention, sports injuries, treatment.
A Review on Quality by Design Approach (QBD) for Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Bhise Jayashri J. , Bhusnure Omprakash G. , Mule Shrikrishna T. , Mujewar Imran N. , Gholve Sachin B. , Jadhav Pallavi U. 
Published: September 2024

Quality by Design is the modern approach for quality of pharmaceuticals. It describes use of Quality by Design to ensure quality of Pharmaceuticals. In this review, the Quality by Design is described and some of its elements identified. Process parameters and quality attributes are identified for each unit operation. Benefits, opportunities and steps involved in Quality by Design of Pharmaceutical products are described. It is based on the ICH Guidelines Q8 for pharmaceutical development, Q9 for quality risk management, Q10 for pharmaceutical quality systems. It also gives application of Quality by Design in pharmaceutical development and manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. It includes the Quality target product profile, critical quality attributes and key aspects of Quality by Design. It also gives comparison between product quality by end product testing and product quality by Quality by Design. The foundation of Quality by Design is ICH Guidelines.
Keywords: QbD design, ICH, QTPP, CQA, PAT.
An Eco-benign Synthesis of AgNps using Hydroalcoholic Extract of Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck : Anticancer Response against Human Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7
Authors: Chintamani Ravindra Bhausaheb , Salunkhe Kishor S. , Kharat Kiran R. , Chavan Macchindra J. 
Published: September 2024

Breast Cancer is the second foremost reason of Cancer mortality in females globally. The conventional treatments available for Breast Cancer include surgery yet they are related to serious side effects that have moved the worldwide focus towards Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM). One of the emerging strategies has been the use of plant extracts for synthesizing metal nanoparticles (such as gold and silver) for anticancer applications. The objective of this study is to reflect the current availed study on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) with its future prospects to treat Breast Cancer. The development of eco-friendly and reliable techniques for silver nanoparticles synthesis is a vital initiative in the area of nanotechnology. Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck Leaves Extract (LE) prepared by maceration process and silver nanoparticles of LE prepared by using biological reduction method. Female rats were divided into 5 groups, Group-I served as Positive Control and received normal saline. Group-II served Negative Control (Tumor Bearing) and was treated with single dose of MCF 7. Breast Cancer Cells (1.7 mg/pellet). Group-III served Standard Control (Tumor Bearing) treated with Paclitaxel 40 mg/Kg. Group-IV served test and treated with LE 400 mg/Kg, Group-V served test and treated with LENP 400 mg/Kg respectively about 21 days and on 21th day blood samples were collected for Hematological Parameters and Feed and Water Consumption, Body Weight Determination and Organ Weight were estimated. These discoveries infer that the synthesized Silver nanoparticles utilizing green nanotechnology could be a perfect methodology to battle malignant growth and irresistible ailments.
Keywords: Breast Cancer, Nanotechnology, Synthesis, , MCF-7, CAM
Efficacy of Unani Formulation in Patients With GERD: A Case Series
Authors: Zafar Maryam , Latafat Tabassum , Naseer Mursaleen , Talat Hina 
Published: September 2024

abstract

Objective: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined as the backward flow of gastric contents into the oesophagus. A small amount of reflux occurs in normal individuals. It is a common disease with a prevalence as high as 10% - 20% in the western world. The disease may develop typical, atypical oesophageal and extra-oesophageal symptoms, complications, and can adversely affect an individual's quality of life. Management of GERD may involve lifestyle modification, medical therapy with PPIs, and anti - reflux surgery. But this is having adverse effects. So, the present study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of unani formulation in the treatment of GERD.

Material & Methods: We conducted this study on ten clinically diagnosed cases of GERD attending the Moalejat OPD at AKTCH, AMU Aligarh.

Results: All the symptoms like heartburn, regurgitation, nausea, water brash, sleeplessness were significantly improved after the 45 days treatment with this Unani formulation. The result was analyzed and shown on Likert’s scale.

Conclusion: The preliminary findings indicate that this Unani drug formulation is effective in patients with GERD.

Key words: GERD, Unani formulation, PPIs.
Formulation and Evaluation of Novel Herbal Formulations Incorporated with Amla Extract for Improved Stability
Authors: Madhavi Nupur , Kumar Dharmender , Naman Subh , Singh Mela , Singh Preet Amol , Bajwa Neha , Baldi Ashish 
Published: September 2024

The objective of the present study was to formulate effervescent and fast dispersible granules by incorporating the fruit extract of Emblica officinalis as an alternate of liquid herbal juices available in market. Amla juice was extracted manually and then subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening which indicates the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, proteins and phytosterols. Lyophilized amla powder was used to formulate effervescent and fast dispersible granules which were further optimized on the basis of concentration of superdisintegrants and effervescent producing agents like croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. Powdered formulations were then evaluated on basis of their flow properties like angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, carr’s index, hausner’s ratio, effervescent cessation time and disintegration time. Among all the effervescent formulations F2 was found to be optimum as it was having least disintegration time of 22 seconds and showed excellent flow properties. In case of the fast dispersible formulations the optimum strength were shown by formulations F9 having croscarmellose with least disintegration time of 52 seconds. Total phenolic content of fresh amla juice were found to be 8.94 mg GAE/100 gm and estimation of ascorbic acid and gallic acid in lyophilized amla powder and developed formulations was carried out by HPTLC. In vitro antioxidant activity of lyophilized amla powder was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. IC50 value of lyophilized amla powder was found to be 32 ± 0.25 ug/ml calculated in comparison to standard ascorbic acid possessing IC50 value of 25.80 ± 0.2 ug/ml. Results of present study reveals that developed formulations may serve as alternate product with better quality, consistency and stability in comparison to available herbal liquid formulations.
Keywords: Anti-oxidant, Dispersible granules, Effervescent granules, Emblica officinalis.
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Sun Protection Factor of Herbal Sunscreen Cream Containing Butea monosperma, Neolamarckia cadama and Punica granatum Extracts
Authors: Sutar Manisha , Chaudhari Sanjay R , Chavan Macchindra J 
Published: September 2024

Sun radiations are the primary source of light & energy and the main causative factor in various skin conditions such as sunburn, photoaging, skin cancer development.These harmful effects may be due to the production of free radicals(Reactive oxygen species). Physical sun protection is not sufficient to get rid of such unwanted changes skin appearance and physiology. Now a day’s cosmetics and pharmaceuticals are added with natural sunscreens protecting reagents to provide health benefit apart from beautification. The aim of the present study is to formulate and evaluate natural sun protective topical formulation comprising methanolic extract of Butea monosperma (Lam.) flower, Neolamarckia cadama (Roxb.) leaves and Punica granatum (Linn) peel. The formulated cream was evaluated for its Total flavonoid and phenolic content, In vitro sun protecting activity and physicochemical parameters. The Total flavonoid and Phenolic content were found to be 42.07 mg QE/g and 57.03 ± 3.06 mg GAE/g respectively. While the SPF values were found to be 1.75,2.94,3.87 for the concentration 20 µg/ml, 30 µ g/ml and 40 µ g/ml respectively. From the study we can conclude that cream containing herbal extracts will enhance the sun protection property and it will significantly contribute to UV absorbing property of conventional herbal sunscreen formulations. It will provide the great advantage of avoiding the adverse and undesirable effects pf synthetic compounds.
Keywords: Butea monosperma (Lam.),Neolamarckia cadama (Roxb.), Punica granatum (Linn), sun protection factor and antioxidant .
GC-MS Analysis of Acetone Extract of Caulerpa racemosa (Forssk.) Web. V. Bosse collected from Kanyakumari in the South East Coast of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: John Peter Paul J 
Published: September 2024

The present study was carried out to analyse the acetone extract of marine green macro alga Caulerpa racemosa (Forssk.) Web. V. Bosse using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to reveal the presence of various secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds. The analysis revealed eleven bioactive compounds such as trans-Z-.alpha-bisabolene epoxide (2.041%), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (10.528%), n-hexadecanoic acid (4.562%), octadecanoic acid (16.371%) pentadecane (44.589%), didodecyl phthalate (2.323%), palmitaldehyde (5.316%), α-D-ribofuranoside phenyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-1-thio- (2.247%), tetracosanal (2.589%), vitamin-E (3.976%) and 1,3-dioxolane, 4-ethyl-5-octyl-2, 2-bis (trifluoromethyl)- (5.458%). The bioactive compounds from acetone extract of Caulerpa racemosa (Forssk.) Web. V. Bosse may have the potential effect against bacteria, fungi, free radical scavenging, etc and can used in the drug discovery and development sector.
Keywords: Caulerpa racemosa, Seaweed, Bioactive, GC-MS, Secondary metabolites.
Applied Anatomical Consideration of Eye, Ear and Nose as per Ayurveda
Authors: Aanand Deepika 
Published: September 2024

The knowledge about anatomical perspective of human body and its correlation with physiological functioning was established anciently by various traditional medical practitioners. The oldest Vedic systems also encompass some information related to human body and its functioning. The traditional ayurveda Samhitas described significant anatomical information about human body around 6th century BCE. The knowledge about anatomical aspect of various organs is very essential to treat ailments related to them. The sense organs Netra (eye), Karna (ear) and Nasa (nose) are very delicate therefore their anatomical consideration is very important while performing surgical intervention related to them. Considering these all aspects present article describes applied anatomical view on Netra, Nasa and Karna.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Anatomy, Netra, Nasa, Karna.
Development and Evaluation of Clopidogrel Bisulphate Multi-Unit Floating Mini-Tablets
Authors: Kotharapu Rama Koteswararao , Lankalapalli Srinivas 
Published: September 2024

The objective of the present work was to formulate and characterize multi-unit floating drug delivery system of Clopidogrel bisulphate to increase the bioavailability and sustain the drug release properties up to 8 h with more predictable drug release kinetics that avoids all or nothing emptying effect wherefore to improve patient compliance. Clopidogrel bisulphate floating mini-tablets were prepared by effervescent approach with melt granulation and direct compression techniques alone and in combination using Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K100M and Compritol 888 ATO at different concentrations (20%, 30% and 40% w/w) alone and in combination. Sodium bicarbonate at concentration 10% w/w was optimized as gas generating floating agent. Evaluations were carried out on physical parameters, floating behavior and influence of type of polymer on drug release rate of prepared mini tablet formulations. All the formulations were subjected to various quality control and in-vitro dissolution studies and corresponding dissolution data were fitted to popular release kinetic equations in order to evaluate release mechanisms and kinetics. All the Clopidogrel bisulphate floating mini tablet formulations followed zero order kinetics. As per Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, the release exponent “n” ranged 0.561-0.758 indicating that drug release from all the formulations was by non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Based on the results, Clopidogrel bisulphate floating mini tablets prepared by employing combination of 20% w/w HPMC K100M and 20% w/w Compritol 888 ATO offered desired in-vitro floating time and drug dissolution profile.
Keywords: Bioavailability, Clopidogrel bisulphate, floating mini-tablets, release kinetics, sustained release.
ACUTE TOXICITY AND IN-VIVO LAXATIVE STUDIES OF THE TRIPHALA EXTRACT IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors: Revathi Sundaramoorthy , Gopal V , Jeyabalan G 
Published: September 2024

Triphala has been extensively used in traditional medicine for laxative, antidiabetic, expectorant, astringent, anti-aging etc. The acute toxicity of methanolic extracts of Triphala in 300 mg, 600 mg, and 1000 mg/kg has not yet been studied. The current studies were done by employing Swiss Albino mice as experimental animal. The methanolic extracts of Triphala were considered safe up to a dose of 1000 mg/kg when evaluated for acute oral toxicity in accordance with the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines. The results of acute toxicity showed no signs of toxicity such as general behaviour changes, mortality, changes on gross appearance or histopathological changes of the internal organs of rats. The examinations of signs of acute toxicity showed no abnormalities in the test groups as compared to the controls. Haematological and blood chemical values in treated groups were normal in comparison with the control group. Therefore, the extract of Triphala given orally to mice did not produce acute toxicities. The laxative activity on Albino Wistar rats shows that the Triphala extract has significant positive effect on constipated animals.