bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of thoracic radiotherapy on first‐line treatment outcomes in ES‐SCLC patients
Authors: Mu Xiaoli , Zhou Yixin , Liu Qing , Wang Jiantao , Xu Feng , Luo Feng , Wang Ke , Li Lu , Tian Panwen , Li Yalun , Liu Jiewei , Zhang Yan , Liu Jiyan , Li Yan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe therapeutic advantage of thoracic radiotherapy (tRT) as an adjunct to first‐line immunotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) remains unclear. We sought to elucidate this in a retrospective cohort study comparing the effectiveness and safety of tRT in combination with first‐line immunotherapy and chemotherapy.MethodsOur retrospective study included patients with ES‐SCLC, treated at the West China Hospital between January 2019 and December 2022. They received first‐line immunotherapy and chemotherapy and were categorized into two cohorts based on the administration of tRT. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). Cox regression analysis was utilized to identify potential independent predictors of prognosis and to compare the treatment outcomes across various patient subgroups. Treatment‐related toxicities across both cohorts were compared using the Chi‐squared test.ResultsA total of 99patients were eligible for the study, out of which 55 received tRT. The medianduration of follow‐up was 39 months. Remarkably, patients who received tRTdemonstrated superior OS and PFS in comparison to those who did not (P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis further confirmed these findings. Multivariate analysisidentified treatment group and liver metastasis as independent prognosticfactors (P < 0.05). The incidence of grade 3‐4 adverse events showed nostatistically significant difference between the two cohorts.ConclusionsThus, weconfirmed that the addition of tRT to the conventional regimen of first‐linechemotherapy and immunotherapy yields better survival outcomes without asignificant increase in toxicity.
Temperament in Early Childhood Is Associated With Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity
Authors: Ueda Eriko , Matsunaga Michiko , Fujihara Hideaki , Kajiwara Takamasa , Takeda Aya K. , Watanabe Satoshi , Hagihara Keisuke , Myowa Masako 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTemperament is a key predictor of human mental health and cognitive and emotional development. Although human fear behavior is reportedly associated with gut microbiome in infancy, infant gut microbiota changes dramatically during the first 5 years, when the diversity and composition of gut microbiome are established. This period is crucial for the development of the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in emotion regulation. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between temperament and gut microbiota in 284 preschool children aged 3–4 years. Child temperament was assessed by maternal reports of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire. Gut microbiota (alpha/beta diversity and genera abundance) was evaluated using 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples. A low abundance of anti‐inflammatory bacteria (e.g., Faecalibacterium) and a high abundance of pro‐inflammatory bacteria (e.g., Eggerthella, Flavonifractor) were associated with higher negative emotionality and stress response (i.e., negative affectivity, β = −0.17, p = 0.004) and lower positive emotionality and reward‐seeking (i.e., surgency/extraversion, β = 0.15, p = 0.013). Additionally, gut microbiota diversity was associated with speed of response initiation (i.e., impulsivity, a specific aspect of surgency/extraversion, β = 0.16, p = 0.008). This study provides insight into the biological mechanisms of temperament and takes important steps toward identifying predictive markers of psychological/emotional risk.
One becomes three: An integrative morphological and molecular analysis of the windowpane oyster Placuna (Bivalvia: Pectinida) reveals new species
Authors: Lin Yi‐Tao , Li Yi‐Xuan , Loke Hai‐Xin , Han Xiao , Qiu Jian‐Wen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFor decades, many marine animals have been considered to exhibit cosmopolitan or transoceanic distribution. This situation is prevalent in Asia, where many species were collected and named by American or European experts in the 1700s to early 1900s. Using the windowpane oysters Placuna—a small genus of bivalves with five recognized species—we show that careful analysis is required to reassess the validity of these species. Currently, only two species of Placuna (P. placenta and P. ephippium) widely reported in the Indo‐Pacific region have been recorded from Chinese coastal waters. Here, we described two new species of Placuna from China. Placuna vitream sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. placenta by its larger ridge angle. Phylogenetic analysis using five gene fragments fully supported that P. vitream sp. nov. is a sister to the specimen from Singapore identified as P. placenta and more distant from other Placuna species with available molecular data. Besides, based on subfossil shells, we describe Placuna aestuaria sp. nov. that differs from its congeneric species by its broad hinge, medium ridge angle, and nearly straight ridges. Finally, we suggest a combination of hinge structure and ridge angle that can be used for identifying Placuna species and preparing a key to this genus. Our findings of two new species expand the diversity of Placuna and prompt reassessment of the many presumably widely distributed marine species in Asia.
Benefits of extended colostrum feeding in dairy calves and how to implement it on farm
Authors: Denholm Katie 
Published: September 2024

Background: Excellent colostrum management in dairy calves is paramount to their future health and productivity. Feeding colostrum in an extended manner is an emerging research area of interest which could provide health benefits to growing calves.Aim of the article: This article explains the potential benefits of extended colostrum (or transition milk feeding) to dairy calves and how to practically implement it on farm.
The developmental trajectory of prosocial behavior in economically disadvantaged children: General tendencies and heterogeneity
Authors: Hu Yiqiu , Zhao Xian , Li Zhihua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study explored the general tendencies and heterogeneous developmental trajectory of prosocial behavior and predictors.MethodThe present study conducted latent growth model and growth mixture model analyses in a sample of 814 students (Mage = 13.79 years old at baseline; 57% girls) from economically disadvantaged families, classified as being below the local income threshold in China, with four follow‐up surveys administered during the following 2 years.ResultsThe general tendency in the developmental trajectory of prosocial behavior showed a linear decrease. A gender difference in initial levels was observed, with girls showing a higher initial level of prosocial behavior than boys. Family functioning, subjective support, and support utilization significantly affected the intercept, but objective support significantly negatively affected the slope. Heterogeneity in the development of prosocial behavior was best classified with a 3‐class solution, including C1 (Rapid–decrease, 10.6%), C2 (Medium–stable, 42.5%), and C3 (High–increase, 46.9%). The patterns of prosocial behavior development in economically disadvantaged children with higher family functioning were more likely to be in the High‐increase Class than in the Rapid‐decrease Class.ConclusionThe present study revealed an average decline in the trajectories of prosocial behavior development in economically disadvantaged children. However, it also captured heterogeneous developmental trajectories. Furthermore, the study revealed that family functioning, subjective support, and support utilization all served as protective factors for prosocial behavior among economically disadvantaged children.
Collagen binding and mimetic peptide‐functionalized self‐assembled peptide hydrogel enhance chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Pulat Günnur , Gökmen Oğuzhan , Özcan Şerife , Karaman Ozan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe avascular structure and low cell migration to the damaged area due to the low number of cells do not allow spontaneous repair of the articular cartilage tissue. Therefore, functional scaffolds obtained from biomaterials are used for the regeneration of cartilage tissue. Here, we functionalized one of the self‐assembling peptide (SAP) scaffolds KLD (KLDLKLDLKLDL) with short bioactive motifs, which are the α1 chain of type II collagen binding peptide WYRGRL (C1) and the triple helical collagen mimetic peptide GFOGER (C2) by direct coupling. Our goal was to develop injectable functional SAP hydrogels with proper mechanical characteristics that would improve chondrogenesis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the integration of peptide scaffold structure at the molecular level. To assure the stability of SAPs, the rheological characteristics and degradation profile of SAP hydrogels were assessed. The biochemical study of the DNA, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and collagen content revealed that the developed bioactive SAP hydrogels greatly increased hMSCs proliferation compared with KLD scaffolds. Moreover, the addition of bioactive peptides to KLD dramatically increased the expression levels of important chondrogenic markers such as aggrecan, SOX‐9, and collagen Type II as evaluated by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We showed that hMSC proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation were encouraged by the developed SAP scaffolds. Although the chondrogenic potentials of WYRGRL and GFOGER were previously investigated, no study compares the effect of the two peptides integrated into 3‐D SAP hydrogels in chondrogenic differentiation. Our findings imply that these specifically created bioactive peptide scaffolds might help enhance cartilage tissue regeneration.
Fabrication of anodic and atomic layer deposition‐alumina coated titanium implants for effective osteointegration applications
Authors: Erturk Pinar Alpaslan , Altuntas Sevde , Irmak Gulseren , Buyukserin Fatih 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiomimicking the chemical, mechanical, and topographical properties of bone on an implant model is crucial to obtain rapid and effective osteointegration, especially for the large‐area fractures of the skeletal system. Titanium‐based biomaterials are more frequently preferred in clinical use in such cases and coating these materials with oxide layers having chemical/nanotopographic properties to enhance osteointegration and implantation success rates has been studied for a long time. The objective of this study is to examine the high and rapid mineralization potential of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) coated and atomic layer deposition (ALD)‐alumina coated titanium substrates on large deformation areas with difficult spontaneous healing. AAO‐coated titanium (AAO@Ti) substrates were fabricated via anodization technique in different electrolytes and their osteogenic potential was analyzed by comparing them to the bare titanium surface as a control. In order to investigate the effect of the ionic characters gained by the surfaces through anodization, the oxidized nanotopographic substrates were additionally coated with an ultrathin alumina layer via ALD (ALD@AAO@Ti), which is a sensitive and conformal coating vapor deposition technique. Besides, a bare titanium sample was also coated with pure alumina by ALD (ALD@Ti) to investigate the effect of nanoscale surface morphology. XPS analysis after ALD coating showed that the ionic character of each surface fabricated by anodization was successfully suppressed. In vitro studies demonstrated that, among the substrates investigated, the mineralization capacity of MG‐63 osteosarcoma cells were highest when incubated on ALD‐treated and bare AAO@Ti samples that were anodized in phosphoric acid (H3PO4_AAO@Ti and ALD@H3PO4_AAO@Ti). Mineralization on these substrates also increased consistently beginning from day 2 to day 21. Moreover, immunocytochemistry for osteopontin (OPN) demonstrated the highest expression for ALD@H3PO4_AAO@Ti, followed by the H3PO4_AAO@Ti sample. Consequently, it was observed that, although ALD treatment improves cellular characteristics on all samples, effective mineralization requires more than a simple ALD coating or the presence of a nanostructured topography. Overall, ALD@H3PO4_AAO@Ti substrates can be considered as an implant alternative with its enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential and rapid mineralization capacity.
Critical role of apoptosis in MeCP2‐mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition of ARPE‐19 cells
Authors: Zhang Yongya , Wu Fei , Guo Sibei , Yin Ruijie , Yuan Min , Li Xue , Zhao Xueru , Li Xiaohua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a complex disease that significantly contributes to recurrent retinal detachment. Its development is notably affected by epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), where apoptosis plays a crucial role as a regulator of EMT. However, the function of MeCP2 in governing apoptosis and EMT in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and its implications for PVR development have remained inadequately understood. Thus, we investigated the impact of MeCP2 on proliferation, migration, apoptosis and EMT in ARPE‐19 cells to provide a fresh perspective on the etiology of PVR. The morphological changes in ARPE‐19 cells induced by recombinant human MeCP2 protein and MeCP2 knockdown were observed. Wound healing assay were performed to verify the effects of recombinant human MeCP2 protein and MeCP2 knockdown on ARPE‐19 cell migration. Furthermore, cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK‐8 assay and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis, quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), and immunofluorescence analysis were conducted to measure the protein levels associated with apoptosis, cell cycle and EMT. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assays confirmed that MeCP2 promoted EMT formation in ARPE‐19 cells. The CCK‐8 assay revealed that MeCP2 treatment enhanced the proliferation of ARPE‐19 cells, whereas MeCP2 knockdown inhibited ARPE‐19 cell proliferation. Treatment with recombinant human MeCP2 protein and MeCP2 knockdown altered the morphology of ARPE‐19 cells. Wound healing assay demonstrated that MeCP2 knockdown inhibited ARPE‐19 cell migration, and MeCP2 treatment promoted ARPE‐19 cell migration. MeCP2 knockdown induced a G0/G1 phase block, inhibiting cell growth, and qRT‐PCR data indicated reduced expression of cell cycle‐related genes. Increased apoptosis was observed after MeCP2 knockdown in ARPE‐19 cells. Overall, MeCP2 treatment stimulates cell proliferation, migration and EMT formation; conversely, MeCP2 knockdown inhibits EMT, cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle G1/S phase transition, and induces apoptosis.
Algorithmic management in the gig economy: A systematic review and research integration
Authors: Kadolkar Imran , Kepes Sven , Subramony Mahesh 
Published: September 2024

SummaryRapid growth in the gig economy has been facilitated by the increased use of algorithmic management (AM) in online platforms (OPs) coordinating gig work. There has been a concomitant increase in scholarship related to AM across scientific domains (e.g., computer science, engineering, operations management, management, sociology, and law). However, this literature is fragmented with scholars disagreeing on the conceptualization and measurement of AM, as well as a lack of consensus on the dimensions of AM influencing various gig worker‐related outcomes, the mechanisms through which these influences are exerted, and the relevant boundary conditions. To address these issues, we systematically reviewed the academic literature across scientific disciplines related to the AM of gig workers using natural language processing (NLP)‐based topic modeling. Our analysis yielded 12 topics, which we integrate using an input‐process‐output (IPO) framework to illustrate differing effects of AM on worker‐related outcomes. Based on our findings, we provide a comprehensive definition of AM, including its key dimensions, and highlight main mediating pathways through which the individual dimensions of AM impact various gig worker‐related outcomes. Finally, we provide a roadmap for future research on AM in the gig economy (GE) using an organizational behavior lens.
Radiation Dynamics and Manipulation of Extreme Terahertz Surface Wave on a Metal Wire
Authors: Wang Jianshuo , Zhang Zhijun , Zhou Shiyi , Qin Zhiyong , Yu Changhai , Cao Yuteng , Lv Yan , Chen Jiaming , Huang Huali , Liu Weiwei , Liu Jiansheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent reports on sub‐terahertz (THz) generation from a laser‐irradiated wire might have evaded the most essential contents of the wire radiation dynamics. Here, the origin of terahertz generation from a metal wire is revisited and a comprehensive diagnosis of the terahertz radiation from a 100 µm‐diameter tungsten wire irradiated by an intense femtosecond laser is implemented. For the first time, the long‐neglected but more efficient high‐frequency terahertz radiation is experimentally observed of which the spectra, polarization, tunability, and wire‐length‐dependent intensification are investigated comprehensively. A new picture of the wire radiation dynamics is presented to reveal the origin of the extreme terahertz surface wave, its evolution, and radiation mechanism. This extremely intense and ultrashort half‐cycle surface wave is spontaneously induced by a laser‐driven transient charge‐separation field and evolves into a multi‐cycle surface wakefield structure as it propagates along the wire owing to the self‐interaction between the surface wave and its carrier, the surface current. By manipulating the coupling and transport dynamics of the surface wave on the wire, tunable and intensified THz radiation covering a wide range from 0.1 to 20 THz has been realized, paving the way for broad applications such as terahertz acceleration, bio‐medicine, nonlinear THz science and beyond.
‘We are expected to be problem solvers’—Paramedics' performance expectations through the lens of organizational socialization: An interview study
Authors: Ericsson Christoffer R. , Rudman Ann , Lindström Veronica , Nordquist Hilla 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo explore Finnish paramedics' perceptions of work‐related performance expectations in relation to work experience, and understand how organizational socialization contributes to understanding paramedics' performance expectations.DesignA qualitative design with a deductive‐inductive approach utilizing a social constructivist framework. The organizational socialization framework by Wanberg was used as the theoretical basis.MethodsData were collected between May and August 2023, using group and individual interviews of newly graduated (n = 9) and experienced paramedics (n = 13). Participants were recruited via social media channels. Data were first analyzed deductively, according to constructs of the organizational socialization framework (role clarity, task mastery, and social acceptance), then inductively, using codes not utilized in the deductive phase.Data SourcesInterviewed Finnish paramedics (N = 22), both newly graduated paramedics (n = 9) and experienced paramedics (n = 13). The interviews were performed remotely and then transcribed into text.ResultsOur findings showed comparable performance expectations between newly graduated and experienced paramedics, mismatches in role clarity of paramedic work, challenges in both learning and upholding professional competence, and difficulties of social acceptance into the paramedic community. There were variations in how expectations were perceived between groups, indicating that experience might partly affect how paramedics identify and manage performance expectations. The organizational socialization framework enables the contextualization of these performance expectations.Conclusions and ImplicationsParamedic work involves challenges to upholding clinical competence, aligning to a professional role, and social integration into the professional community. Our research contributes to understanding how paramedics perceive these challenges as performance expectations in different stages of their careers and how they could be managed utilizing a framework for organizational socialization. The socialization of paramedics into the workforce needs to account for these performance expectations, especially considering the changing paradigm of paramedic work, role, and societal expectations.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Needs and experiences of postgraduate nursing students in Nigeria during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Akingbade Oluwadamilare , Faremi Victoria O. , Eze Chioma J. , Eze Chioma B. , Oluwasola Esther , Olawoore Samuel A. , Adediran Victoria , Kolawole Oluwatobi B. , Adesuyi Emmanuel O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the experiences and needs of postgraduate nursing students within the Nigerian context.DesignThis qualitative study was conducted using a descriptive phenomenological approach.MethodData were collected between February and April 2022 using a purposive sampling method and telephone semi‐structured interviews. Colaizzi's method of Qualitative data Analysis was utilized. Twenty‐two Nigerian postgraduate nursing students were interviewed.ResultsThree themes emerged: challenges of Nigerian postgraduate students before the pandemic, the impact of the pandemic on postgraduate education, and innovations to improve postgraduate education in Nigeria. The challenges include the burden of physical lectures, lack of infrastructure, and poor mentorship of postgraduate nursing students. The impact of the pandemic on postgraduate education includes abrupt disruption of the academic program, a prolonged academic calendar, and a communication gap between students and their research supervisors. Innovations to improve postgraduate nursing education in Nigeria also include adoption and sustainability of e‐learning, upgrading post‐basic to postgraduate nursing programmes, proper structuring of postgraduate nursing education, commencement of postgraduate nursing programmes in more universities and provision of financial aid for students. Our primary finding is that funding, mentorship and infrastructure were issues peculiar to all the respondents.ConclusionThis study concludes that efforts should be made to maintain a seamless educational program by ensuring an uninterrupted flow of learning through virtual means, thereby enhancing effective teaching and learning.ImplicationsGraduate nursing studies is one of the suggested solutions in the WHO strategic direction for nursing and midwifery globally to achieve Universal Health Coverage . The reason is that nurses can practice with more and better skills in any work setting, thus improving the quality of health care services. Our study provides insights into the experiences of postgraduate students and how these could discourage other nurses who might have thought about furthering their studies. Efforts should be made to provide all the support that these students need, using evidence from this study and similar studies to ensure they have a good learning experience and others can be motivated to learn at the graduate level as well. This will increase the proportion of nurses and midwives honed with better skills to provide more standard quality services that will improve patient care outcomes.