bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Side effects from intense pulsed light: Importance of skin pigmentation, fluence level and ultraviolet radiation—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thaysen‐Petersen Daniel , Erlendsson Andres M. , Nash J.F. , Beerwerth Frank , Philipsen Peter A. , Wulf Hans C. , Paasch Uwe , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: January 2017

Background and ObjectiveIntense pulsed light (IPL) is a mainstream treatment for hair removal. Side effects after IPL are known, but risk factors remain to be investigated. The objective of this study was to assess the contribution of skin pigmentation, fluence level, and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on IPL‐induced side effects.MethodsThe study was a blinded, randomized intra‐individual controlled trial including 16 healthy subjects with Fitzpatrick Skin Types (FST) II–V. Three test areas were each divided into four sites, randomized to a single IPL exposure of 22, 34, 46 J/cm2 or triple stacking of 46 J/cm2. Areas were subsequently randomized to no UVR or single solar‐simulated UVR exposure of 3 Standard Erythema Dose at 30 minutes or 24 hours after IPL. Each area had a corresponding control, resulting in 15 treatment sites. Follow‐up visits were scheduled up to 4 weeks after IPL. Outcome measures were: (i) blinded clinical skin reactions; (ii) objectively measured erythema and pigmentation; (iii) pain measured by visual analog scale (VAS); (iv) histology (H&E, Fontana–Masson); and (v) mRNA‐expression of p53.ResultsFifteen subjects with FST II–IV completed the protocol. IPL induced a wide range of skin reactions, including erythema (87% of subjects), purpura (27%), blisters (20%), edema (13%), crusting (13%), hyper‐ (60%), and hypopigmentation (20%). Darker skin pigmentation and increasing IPL fluence were determinants for IPL‐induced side effects (P ≤ 0.002), while a single exposure of UVR did not exacerbate side effects (P ≥ 0.180). Clinical findings were confirmed objectively by reflectance spectrometry and qualitatively by histological changes in skin architecture, inflammatory infiltration, and pigmentation. Marker of cellular DNA damage, that is, p53, did not increase after IPL (P ≥ 0.24).ConclusionsSkin pigmentation and IPL fluence are major determinants of side effects after IPL exposure, while a single exposure to three SED of UVR at 30 minutes or 24 hours after IPL, does not amplify such side effects. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:88–96, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of Synthetic Spider Silk Crystallinity and Alignment via Electrothermal, Pyroelectric, Literature XRD, and Tensile Techniques
Authors: Munro Troy , Putzeys Tristan , Copeland Cameron G. , Xing Changhu , Lewis Randolph V. , Ban Heng , Glorieux Christ , Wubbenhorst Michael 
Published: January 2017

The processes used to create synthetic spider silk greatly affect the properties of the produced fibers. This paper investigates the effect of process variations during artificial spinning on the thermal and mechanical properties of the produced silk. Property values are also compared to the ones of the natural dragline silk of theNephila clavipesspider, and to unprocessed (as‐spun) synthetic silk. Structural characterization by scanning pyroelectric microscopy is employed to provide insight into the axial orientation of the crystalline regions of the fiber and is supported by X‐ray diffraction data. The results show that stretching and passage through liquid baths induce crystal formation and axial alignment in synthetic fibers, but with different structural organization than natural silks. Furthermore, an increase in thermal diffusivity and elastic modulus is observed with decreasing fiber diameter, trending toward properties of natural fiber. This effect seems to be related to silk fibers being subjected to a radial gradient during production.image
N‐acylhomoserine lactone‐regulation of genes mediating motility and pathogenicity in Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tabaci 11528
Authors: Cheng Feifei , Ma Anzhou , Luo Jinxue , Zhuang Xuliang , Zhuang Guoqiang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPseudomonas syringae pathovar tabaci 11528 (P. syringae 11528) is a phytopathogen that causes wild‐fire disease in soybean and tobacco plants. It utilizes a cell density‐dependent regulation system known as quorum sensing (QS). In its QS system, the psyI is responsible for the biosynthesis of N‐acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs). By comparing the transcripts from P. syringae 11528 wild‐type strain with those of the ΔpsyI mutant using RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) technology, 1118 AHL‐regulated genes were identified in the transition from exponential to stationary growth phase. Numerous AHL‐regulated genes involved in pathogenicity were negatively controlled, including genes linked to flagella, chemotaxis, pilus, extracellular polysaccharides, secretion systems, and two‐component system. Moreover, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the most pronounced regulation was associated with bacterial motility. Finally, phenotypic assays showed that QS‐regulated traits were involved in epiphytic growth of pathogens and disease development in plants. These findings imply that the AHL‐mediated QS system in P. syringae 11528 plays significant roles in distinct stages of interactions between plants and pathogens, including early plant colonization and late plant infection.
Maternal high salt diet altered Adenosine‐mediated vasodilatation via PKA/BK channel pathway in offspring rats
Authors: Wu Jue , Li Na , Liu Yanping , Li Weisheng , He Axin , Zhu Di , Feng Xueqin , Liu Bailin , Shi Ruixiu , Zhang Yujuan , Lv Juanxiu , Xu Zhice 
Published: January 2017

ScopeHigh salt (HS) diets are related to cardiovascular diseases, and prenatal HS was suggested to increase risks of coronary artery diseases in the offspring. This study tested the hypothesis that prenatal HS may influence Adenosine‐induced vasodilatation via protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in coronary arteries.Methods and resultsSprague–Dawley rats were fed with 8% salt diet for gestation, the control was fed with 0.3% salt diet. Coronary arteries from male adult offspring were tested for K+ channels and Adenosine signal pathways. Adenosine‐mediated vasodilatation was reduced in coronary arteries in HS. There was no difference in gene expression of A2A receptors between the two groups. After pretreatment with PKA inhibitor, vasodilatation to Adenosine was decreased to a smaller extent in HS than that in control. Forskolin (activator of adenylate cyclase)‐mediated vasodilatation was decreased in HS. Iberiotoxin (large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channel [BK channel] inhibitor) attenuated Forskolin‐induced vasodilatation in control, not in HS group. Currents of BK channels decreased in coronary artery smooth muscle cells, and PKA‐modulated BK channel functions were declined. Protein levels of BK β1 and PKA C‐subunits in coronary arteries of HS offspring were reduced.ConclusionsPrenatal HS diets altered Adenosine‐mediated coronary artery vasodilatation in the offspring, which was linked to downregulation of cAMP/PKA/BK channel pathway.
Innovative polyelectrolytes/poly(ionic liquid)s for energy and the environment
Authors: Ajjan Fátima N , Ambrogi Martina , Tiruye Girum Ayalneh , Cordella Daniela , Fernandes Ana M , Grygiel Konrad , Isik Mehmet , Patil Nagaraj , Porcarelli Luca , Rocasalbas Gillem , Vendramientto Giordano , Zeglio Erica , Antonietti Markus , Detrembleur Cristophe , Inganäs Olle , Jérôme Christine , Marcilla Rebeca , Mecerreyes David , Moreno Mónica , Taton Daniel , Solin Niclas , Yuan Jiayin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the work carried out within the European project RENAISSANCE‐ITN, which was dedicated to the development of innovative polyelectrolytes for energy and environmental applications. Within the project different types of innovative polyelectrolytes were synthesized such as poly(ionic liquid)s coming from renewable or natural ions, thiazolium cations, catechol functionalities or from a new generation of cheap deep eutectic monomers. Further, macromolecular architectures such as new poly(ionic liquid) block copolymers and new (semi)conducting polymer/polyelectrolyte complexes were also developed. As the final goal, the application of these innovative polymers in energy and the environment was investigated. Important advances in energy storage technologies included the development of new carbonaceous materials, new lignin/conducting polymer biopolymer electrodes, new iongels and single‐ion conducting polymer electrolytes for supercapacitors and batteries and new poly(ionic liquid) binders for batteries. On the other hand, the use of innovative polyelectrolytes in sustainable environmental technologies led to the development of new liquid and dry water, new materials for water cleaning technologies such as flocculants, oil absorbers, new recyclable organocatalyst platforms and new multifunctional polymer coatings with antifouling and antimicrobial properties. All in all this paper demonstrates the potential of poly(ionic liquid)s for high‐value applications in energy and enviromental areas. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A comparison of hospitalized children with enterovirus D68 to those with rhinovirus
Authors: Foster Charles B. , Coelho Ritika , Brown Paul M. , Wadhwa Aman , Dossul Amena , Gonzalez Blanca E. , Cardenas Silvia , Sabella Camille , Kohn Debbie , Vogel Sherilynn , Yen‐Lieberman Belinda , Piedimonte Giovanni 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundDuring the Fall of 2014, numerous children were hospitalized with asthma or respiratory distress related to Enterovirus D68 (EV‐D68). A large proportion initially tested positive for rhinovirus. During this period our laboratory noted a cross‐reactivity between EV‐D68 and the rhinovirus component of the GenMark multiplex respiratory viral panel. Many other laboratories used assays not designed to distinguish these Picornoviridae.MethodsTo compare the presentation and outcomes of patients with rhinovirus and EV‐D68, 103 GenMark rhinovirus positive nasopharyngeal swabs from hospitalized children were retested for EV‐D68.ResultsEV‐D68 positive patients versus EV‐D68 negative patients were more likely to have a history of asthma (33.3% vs. 11.0%, P = 0.02) and to present with acute respiratory illness (66.7% vs. 40.2%, P = 0.048), especially status asthmaticus (47.6% vs. 2.4%, P < 0.001). On admission they had more wheezing, respiratory distress, and lower respiratory tract involvement, and were more likely to be treated with steroids and discharged home on asthma medications. Respiratory viral coinfection was less common in EV‐D68 positive vs EV‐D68 negative patients. In patients without a respiratory viral coinfection the overall findings were similar.ConclusionPatients with EV‐D68 versus rhinovirus were more likely to have a history of asthma, to present with status asthmaticus, to wheeze on admission, and to receive treatment with asthma medications in hospital and at discharge. The inability of common assays to distinguish EV‐D68 from rhinoviruses raises the possibility that the role of EV‐D68 as a viral trigger of asthma has been under appreciated. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:827–832. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DNA‐modified artificial viral capsids self‐assembled from DNA‐conjugated β‐annulus peptide
Authors: Nakamura Yoko , Yamada Saki , Nishikawa Shoko , Matsuura Kazunori 
Published: January 2017

β‐Annulus peptides from tomato bushy stunt virus conjugated with DNAs (dA20 and dT20) at the C‐terminal were synthesized. The DNA‐modified β‐annulus peptides self‐assembled into artificial viral capsids with sizes of 45–160 nm. ζ‐Potential measurements revealed that the DNAs were coated on the surface of artificial viral capsids. Fluorescence assays indicated that the DNAs on the artificial viral capsids were partially hybridized with the complementary DNAs. Moreover, the DNA‐modified artificial viral capsids formed aggregates by adding complementary polynucleotides. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of N‐Doped Graphene for Properties of Pt/N‐Doped Graphene Catalyst
Authors: Siburian Rikson , Sebayang Kerista , Supeno Minto , Marpaung Harlem 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNitrogen doping into graphene was carried out by heating Graphene Nano Sheets (GNS) in ammonia to produce N‐doped graphene (N−G). The N−G was used as a support material for Pt catalyst as well as a catalyst itself for half‐cell cathode reaction of hydrogen fuel cell (H2FC). It is found that the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) electro catalytic activity for N−G 900 (0.63 V versus RHE) is higher than GNS. It indicates that the incorporation of nitrogen in N−G may affect the ORR activities. XPS results exhibit the pyridinic N is the majority in N−G, where the pyridinic N refers to N atom bonds with two C atoms at the edges or defects of graphene. Interestingly, the Pt subnano‐clusters were formed on all of Pt/N−G catalysts with Pt particle size (0.7–1.0 nm). It clearly indicates that the doping of nitrogen significantly influence π–d hybridization in terms of electronic structures.
Rational Design of Multilayer Ultrathin Nano‐Architecture by Coupling of Soft Conducting Nanocomposite with Ferrites and Porous Structures for Screening Electromagnetic Radiation
Authors: Biswas Sourav , Bhattacharjee Yudhajit , Panja Sujit Sankar , Bose Suryasarathi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFabrication of multilayered thin polymer films by rational arrangement of tailor‐made nanocomposites was designed to absorb electromagnetic (EM) radiation. Mn (manganese) ferrite nanoparticles were incorporated in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix, along with conductive MWCNTs, treated as outer layers of the multilayer assembly. The higher permittivity, permeability and attenuation constant ensure the higher absorption ability of these resulting outer layers. Selectively etching of one of the phases of the inner layers, which consist of immiscible blends of polycarbonate (PC) and PVDF with conductive MWCNTs, porous structure can be designed to maximize the penetration of incoming EM radiation from outer layers. Further scattering of the penetrated EM wave between the interfacial walls of conducting nano fillers inside the porous matrix enhance the shielding efficiency. The resulting ultrathin (0.60 mm) multilayered architecture was able to block >99.999 % (ca. −50dB) of the incoming EM radiation. This new‐age EM radiation absorbing material, powered by multi‐functionality henceforth, offers amendable, cost‐effective replacement to the existing solutions.
A Supramolecular Investigation on the Interactions between Ethyl terminated Bis–viologen Derivatives with Sulfonato Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Madasamy Kanagaraj , Gopi Sivalingam , Kumaran Marimuthu Senthil , Radhakrishnan Srinivasan , Velayutham David , Mareeswaran Paulpandian Muthu , Kathiresan Murugavel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis and guest‐host complexation between isomeric xylylene interconnected ethyl terminated bis‐viologens (EDV) with p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4 A). Guest‐host interactions between EDV and SC4 A were monitored by CV (cyclic voltammetry), 1H and DOSY (Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy) NMR titrations. CV titrations showed a partial inclusion complex formation between EDV and SC4 A which is further confirmed by 1H NMR and DOSY titrations. It is evident from 1H NMR titrations that all the three isomers of EDV forms a stable inclusion complex with SC4 A where SC4 A caps the terminal. o‐ and m‐ isomers of EDV interacts differently than their corresponding p‐isomer. 1H NMR titration reveals that o‐ and m‐xylylene units are incorporated into the SC4 A cavity whereas p‐xylylene unit is only partially included into the cavity during the interaction. Further, it is observed that the ethyl terminated viologen adopts axial orientation in concordance with previous reports. DOSY measurements further confirmed the formation of inclusion complex between the bis‐viologen and SC4 A and indicated the formation of aggregates at higher concentrations of SC4 A. Results clearly indicate that the bis‐viologens possess multiple binding sites for the multivalent SC4 A host and based on the concentration of SC4 A, several types of interactions exists between the two predicting a complex binding model.
Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles as an Efficient Catalyst for Reduction of Various Nitro Compounds
Authors: Bhosale Manohar A. , Chenna Divya R. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA simple, one step and economical protocol for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been developed via ultrasound probe sonicator with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as reducing agent as well as capping agent. Notably there is no need of additional surfactant or stabilizer for the synthesis of Au NPs. Size of the particles was controlled by varying the irradiation intervals of sonication. Spherical nanoparticles with uniform particle size ranging from 15–40 nm were achieved within short reaction time. The surface morphology, phase identification and chemical composition of the prepared Au NPs were characterized by Field emission gun‐scanning electron microscopy (FEG‐SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The catalytic activity of the prepared gold catalyst was tested for the degradation of aromatic nitro compounds at room temperature. All the reactions were monitored using UV‐Vis spectrophotometer. Comprehensive UV‐Vis data for all the reduction reactions has been presented.
Alkyne Tagged Raman Probes for Protein by Chemical Modification Approach
Authors: Ota Chikashi , Furukawa Takahiro , Shima Kanako , Sano Satoshi , Kuramochi Kouji , Tsubaki Kazunori , Noguchi Shintaro , Takano Kazufumi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlkyne probe is one of the useful chemical Raman probes for life science since it has an intense band in a Raman silent region of biomolecules (1800‐2800 cm−1) and has a small bulkiness which will not affect the property of the attached molecule. In this paper, we developed the chemical modification method to attach alkyne tagged probe to lysine residues using nucleophilic substitution reaction. We investigated the solvent effect to assess the capability of this newly developed molecular system for the environment sensitive probe. The result of the solvent effect showed that the position of the alkyne band was sensitive to the solvent environment, which indicated the potential to probe the local hydrophobic or hydrophilic environment. In addition, we employed the aromatic substituent effect with the aim of increasing the intensity of alkyne band introducing phenyl groups beside alkyne and succeeded in increasing the intensity of alkyne band over 40 times apparently. On the basis of the property of the attached probe, we worked out the future synthesis strategy to expand this chemical modification to wider applications such as in the cell environment.
A Oxidative Bromination of (Hetero)Arenes in the TMSBr/DMSO System: A Non‐Aqueous Procedure Facilitates Synthetic Strategies
Authors: Kajita Harutake , Togni Antonio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn oxidative bromination protocol for aromatic compounds using trimethylsilyl bromide (TMSBr) and DMSO has been developed. This mild bromination system tolerates a wide variety of functionalities including amide, aldehyde, ester and acetal groups. Arylbromides and heteroarylbromides are produced in up to 95 % yield at 25 °C. Arenes bearing electron‐donating groups are selectively brominated at the para position unless it is blocked. The highlight of this protocol consists in its non‐aqueous conditions, which are fruitful particularly in the context of integrated synthetic systems. The utility of this method was demonstrated with three examples, in either of which the bromination was followed by another reaction: a “click” triazole formation, a Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling, or an aldehyde formation via lithium–bromine exchange, without the isolation of the bromide intermediate in any case. It is particularly remarkable for this non‐aqueous protocol to allow lithiation reactions to sequentially follow the bromination.
An Improved Synthesis of Lamivudine and Emtricitabine
Authors: Mandala Devender , Watts Paul 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn improved method was developed to prepare cis(‐)nucleosides, such as lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC). A solvent free reaction and catalyst free reaction was developed, with reduced reaction times to afford high yields in the preparation of the key 5‐hydroxy oxathiolane intermediate. For the acetylation, we developed a greener procedure using NaHCO3 as the base instead of pyridine. In addition, a new reagent namely pyridinium triflate, was used for the crucial N‐glycosidation reaction for the first time towards the synthesis of bioactive oxathiolane nucleosides 3TC and FTC.
Proposed clinical management of pregnancies after combined screening for pre‐eclampsia at 19–24 weeks' gestation
Authors: Litwinska M. , Wright D. , Efeturk T. , Ceccacci I. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo estimate the patient‐specific risk of pre‐eclampsia (PE) at 19–24 weeks' gestation by a combination of maternal characteristics and medical history with multiples of the median (MoM) values of mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI), serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and serum soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1), and stratify women into high‐, intermediate‐ and low‐risk management groups.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study in women attending a second‐trimester ultrasound scan at 19–24 weeks as part of routine pregnancy care. Patient‐specific risks of delivery with PE < 32 weeks and < 36 weeks' gestation were calculated using the competing‐risks model to combine the prior risk from maternal characteristics and medical history with MoM values of MAP, UtA‐PI, PlGF and sFlt‐1. On the basis of these risks, the population was stratified into high‐, intermediate‐ and low‐risk groups. Different risk cut‐offs were used to vary the proportion of the population stratified into each risk category and the performance of screening for delivery with PE at < 32 weeks' gestation, at 32–35 weeks and at ≥ 36 weeks was estimated. In addition to empirical performance, we also derived model‐based performance because the number of cases of PE delivering < 32 weeks was low.ResultsThe study population of 7748 singleton pregnancies included 268 (3.5%) that subsequently developed PE. Using a risk cut‐off of 1 in 100 for PE delivering < 32 weeks' gestation and a risk cut‐off of 1 in 300 for PE delivering < 36 weeks, the proportion of the population stratified into high‐, intermediate‐ and low‐risk was 0.9%, 17.2% and 81.9%, respectively. The high‐risk group contained 97% of pregnancies with PE < 32 weeks and 45% of those with PE at 32–35 weeks. The intermediate‐risk group contained a further 46% of women with PE at 32–35 weeks. The low‐risk group contained only 0.03% of pregnancies with PE < 32 weeks and 9% of those with PE at 32–35 weeks.ConclusionRisk stratification of PE by the combined test at 19–24 weeks' gestation can identify, first, a group which constitutes < 1% of the total population and contains > 95% of those that will develop PE < 32 weeks and are in need of intensive monitoring at 24–31 weeks and, second, a group which constitutes < 20% of the total and contains > 90% of those that will develop PE at 32–35 weeks and are in need of reassessment at 32 weeks. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.