bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collateral Function in Patients with Coronary Occlusion Evaluated by 201Thallium Scintigraphy
Authors: Hasanović Aida 
Published: January 2018

The present study evaluated the impact of the angiographically documented collaterals on regional myocardial perfusion measured by 201thallium scintigraphy in patients with a chronic total occlusion.The study included 60 patients with chronic total occlusion who underwent rest-stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and coronary angiography. All patients had angiographic evidence of coronary collaterals. Patients were divided into two groups: group one had well-developed coronary collateral vessels (n=35) and group II had poor coronary collateral development (n=25).Patients with chronic total occlusion had severe and extensive stress-induced myocardial perfusion defects regardless of the grade of angiographic coronary collaterals. The perfusion defects in the group with good collaterals were predominantly reversible, suggesting that coronary collaterals preserved myocardial viability in the regions subtended by a total coronary occlusion. A significant correlation between good collaterals with complete protection and poor collaterals with no protection was noted.Our results demonstrate a protective effect of collaterals on myocardial perfusion during coronary occlusion. The effective angiographic collaterals may prevent resting regional wall motion abnormalities but do not appear to protect against stress-induced perfusion defect.
THE EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE TRHOUGH ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
Authors: Triwahyuni Ririn , Ekowati Vivin Maharani 
Published: January 2018

<p>This study purpose is to analyze the effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on performance. This research uses a quantitative approach with explanatory research type where the aim is to test between hypothesized variables. This research has hypotheses that will be tested the truth. Samples are 86 respondents. Data is collected by questionnaires and documentation. The data is analyzed by Partial Least Square (PLS). The research result indicates that job satisfaction has a direct effect on employee performance at PT Pindad (Persero). Job satisfaction has no direct effect on employee performance. Test Sobel results show organizational commitment does not mediate the effect of job satisfaction on employee performance.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: job satisfaction, organizational commitment, performance</p>
Analisis Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Siswa Menggunakan Teams Assisted Individualization (Pembelajaran Sains Materi Gerak)
Authors: Khoiri Ahmad 
Published: January 2018

The aims of the Research are to difference of learning result and ability of critical thinking before and after treatment (treatment). Methods used with pretest and posttest for learning outcomes; questionnaires for students' critical thinking skills. Data analysis technique used reliability test, normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis test of t one party test. The result of data analysis shows: 1) Based on pre test result, initial condition of student before using cooperative learning model type Teams Assisted Individualization experimental class 74,9 and control class 75,3 medium category. 2) end ability test to train students critical thinking ability show result tcount> ttable or 3,934> 1,684 (significance level 5%) means there is influence of cooperative learning model type Teams Assisted Individualization. 3) There is difference of critical thinking ability of class VIIA student with VIIB Junior High School Ma'arif Mlandi for 77 for experiment class and 75 control class and critical thinking ability equal to 79,6 with high category. 4) There was an increase in learning outcomes before and after the treatment of cooperative learning model type Teams Assisted Individualization of 74.9 to 77
Reproductive biology and diet of the grey sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae) from the north-eastern Arabian Sea
Authors: Purushottama G. B. , . Thakurdas , Ramasubramanian V. , Dash Gnyanaranjan , Akhilesh K. V. , Ramkumar S. , Kizhakudan Shoba Joe , Singh V. V. , Zacharia P. U. 
Published: January 2018

Information on reproductive biology is presented for the grey sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes), collected off the north-west coast of India in the Arabian Sea. A total of 711 individuals, of 27.0 to 93.0 cm total length (TL), 180 to 2600 g total weight (TW) were used for the study. The lengthweight relationships were significantly different between the sexes. The size-at maturity (Lm50) for females and males was estimated to be 62.3 and 59.5 cm TL respectively. Number of embryos ranged from 1 to 7 and the size at birth was estimated between 25 to 30 cm TL. Overall sex ratio favoured the females slightly at the rate of 1.27:1. There was significant positive correlation between maternal TL and number of embryos (p<0.001). Dietary analysis of stomach contents (%IRI) revealed that R. oligolinx feeds primarily on teleosts (95.5%), cephalopods (3.2%) and crustaceans (1.2%). This study presents the first detailed biological observation on size, sex composition, size-at-maturity (Lm50) and length-weight relationship of R. oligolinx from the northern Arabian Sea.
Understanding Lost Circulation While Cementing: Field Study and Laboratory Research
Authors: Therond E.. , Taoutaou S.. , James S. G. , Way P. W. , Gomes P.. , Dondale A.. 
Published: January 2018

Summary
Lost circulation is a time-consuming and expensive challenge, costing the oil and gas industry billions of dollars each year in materials, nonproductive time, and minimized production (Catalin et al. 2003; Fidan et al. 2004; API 65-22010). To mitigate lost circulation during cementing operations, a better understanding of how wellbore-strengthening mechanisms apply to cement slurries is necessary. The ability to control cementing-fluid properties to strengthen the wellbore and minimize losses during cementing operations is imperative for achieving adequate zonal isolation.
A field analysis was performed to understand the start of lost circulation during different phases of drilling and primary cementing. Offshore wells from four different locations were studied: Gulf of Mexico (GOM), the UK, Angola, and Azerbaijan. In parallel, laboratory research was performed to understand the behavior of cement slurries in controlled lost-circulation scenarios using a block tester. Measurements of formation-breakdown pressure and fracture-propagation pressure were made with different cement-slurry compositions and compared with pressures obtained with drilling muds.
In an analysis of 40 well sections that reported losses before or during primary cementing operations, the rate and severity of lost circulation varied for the wells studied, but it was concluded that losses were commonly induced while running casing or during precement-job mud circulation, but rarely during cement placement.
The laboratory research confirmed the field observation: It would take much more pressure to open or reopen an existing fracture with cement slurry than with a synthetic-oil-based mud.
This paper will present findings from the field analysis and laboratory research. It will also discuss strategies to prepare the wellbore for preventing losses before the cementing operation and to optimize cement formulations if losses have been induced during drilling, casing running, or prejob mud circulation.
Simulated Canola Yield Responses to Climate Change and Adaptation in Canada
Authors: Qian Budong , Jing Qi , Bélanger Gilles , Shang Jiali , Huffman Ted , Liu Jiangui , Hoogenboom Gerrit 
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas
Responses of canola to climate change in Canada were simulated using a crop model.An overall negative impact of climate change on canola yield was simulated.Yield reductions are due to the increased heat stress and/or water stress.The effects of earlier seeding could be very limited as an adaptation measure.Developing canola cultivars tolerant to heat and water stresses is an urgent need.
A projected future warmer climate implies significant impacts on canola (Brassica napus L.) production in Canada. We aimed to use a modeling approach to simulate climate change impacts on canola yield in Canada and to evaluate potential adaptation measures. The CSM‐CROPGRO‐Canola model was used to simulate the responses of canola to the projected climate change at Brandon on the Prairies, and West Nipissing and Normandin in eastern Canada. Future climate scenarios for the near (2041–2070) and distant (2071–2100) future under two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) were developed based on climate change simulations by a regional climate model CanRCM4. Seeding dates were estimated from air temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture to account for the potential of earlier seeding as an adaptation measure. Compared to the baseline climate, simulated seed yield reduction was 42, 21, and 24% in the near future and of 37, 27, and 23% in the distant future, under RCP4.5, respectively for Brandon, West Nipissing, and Normandin. A larger reduction was simulated under RCP8.5, especially in the distant future at Brandon and West Nipissing. The simulated seed yield reduction was associated with increases in heat and water stresses under rainfed conditions with current N fertilizer application rates. Coping with heat and water stresses is a big challenge for canola production in Canada under the projected climate change, especially on the Canadian Prairies.
Strengths and Limitations of Nitrogen Rate Recommendations for Corn and Opportunities for Improvement
Authors: Morris Thomas F. , Murrell T. Scott , Beegle Douglas B. , Camberato James J. , Ferguson Richard B. , Grove John , Ketterings Quirine , Kyveryga Peter M. , Laboski Carrie A.M. , McGrath Joshua M. , Meisinger John J. , Melkonian Jeff , Moebius‐Clune Bianca N. , Nafziger Emerson D. , Osmond Deanna , Sawyer John E. , Scharf Peter C. , Smith Walter , Spargo John T. , van Es Harold M. , Yang Haishun 
Published: January 2018

Core IdeasNitrogen recommendations for individual corn fields are less accurate than desired.Nitrogen recommendations need improvement for economic and environmental reasons.A review of fundamental concepts will improve understanding about N recommendations.Examination of N recommendation systems, tests, and models will improve recommendations.Nitrogen fixation by the Haber–Bosch process has more than doubled the amount of fixed N on Earth, significantly influencing the global N cycle. Much of this fixed N is made into N fertilizer that is used to produce nearly half of the world's food. Too much of the N fertilizer pollutes air and water when it is lost from agroecosystems through volatilization, denitrification, leaching, and runoff. Most of the N fertilizer used in the United States is applied to corn (Zea maysL.), and the profitability and environmental footprint of corn production is directly tied to N fertilizer applications. Accurately predicting the amount of N needed by corn, however, has proven to be challenging because of the effects of rainfall, temperature, and interactions with soil properties on the N cycle. For this reason, improving N recommendations is critical for profitable corn production and for reducing N losses to the environment. The objectives of this paper were to review current methods for estimating N needs of corn by: (i) reviewing fundamental background information about how N recommendations are created; (ii) evaluating the performance, strengths, and limitations of systems and tools used for making N fertilizer recommendations; (iii) discussing how adaptive management principles and methods can improve recommendations; and (iv) providing a framework for improving N fertilizer rate recommendations.
Precision of Growth Estimates and Sufficient Sample Size: Can Solar Radiation Level Change These Factors?
Authors: Elli Elvis F. , Olivoto Tiago , Schmidt Denise , Caron Braulio O. , de Souza Velci Q. 
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas
The precision of growth models in different sample sizes and solar radiation levels was investigated.Reduced solar radiation levels and larger sample size has provided more accurate estimates.A method to estimate the sufficient sample size in estimating parameters with lesser error is proposed.An easy method for analyzing residual effects is discussed.
Solar radiation levels (SRL) in suboptimal or super‐optimal levels modify biomass accumulation. Moreover, sample size might modify the precision of growth estimators; however, little is known about the joint effects of these factors on the precision of growth estimators in nonlinear models. The aim of this study was to determine whether SRL and sample size could change the precision of the growth models. To this, three SRL (100, 70 and 50% of available solar radiation) were established in escarole (Cichorium endivia L. var. latifolia). In each SRL, the Schumacher's nonlinear model was fitted in 100 sample sizes to investigate if the increase in sample size and reduction of SRL could reduce the errors of estimates. Reduced SRL (70 and 50%) improved the precision of the model. The sufficient sample size for estimating growth parameters with lesser error increased when SLR was higher; however, 264 plants were sufficient to estimate growth parameters with best fits to this crop. We proved the increase in sample size jointly with the attenuation of solar radiation are effective methods to providing growth estimates with a lesser error. The method for estimating the sufficient sample size proposed here might be extended for several studies where nonlinear models are used to obtain growth estimates. By using these simple methods, both researchers and farmers might have a competitive advantage in planning their experiments or cropping systems, mainly in sites or seasons where light‐sensitive crops need to be cultivated.
Can Additional Inoculations Increase Soybean Nodulation and Grain Yield?
Authors: Moretti Luiz Gustavo , Lazarini Edson , Bossolani João William , Parente Tiago Lisboa , Caioni Sheila , Araujo Ricardo Silva , Hungria Mariangela 
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas
A full set of N2–fixing nodules can supply soybean N demands.Seed inoculation increased nodulation and grain yield of field‐grown soybean.Additional spray inoculations (V1, V3, V6, R1, or R3) resulted in further increases.New nodules and grain yield increases can be achieved by additional inoculations.
Highly productive soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes require that large amounts of N be supplied throughout the growth cycle to attain high yields. The nutrient can be obtained through biological N2 fixation by elite bradyrhizobial strains if a set of fully functional nodules is available. This study was conducted during two crop seasons in the central‐west region of Brazil to investigate if additional inoculations via spray applications of bradyrhizobia at different stages of the growth cycle can result in increased nodulation and grain yield. Even though the soils had high populations of soybean bradyrhizobia, seed inoculation at sowing increased grain yield by 28 and 27% in the first and second seasons, respectively, compared to the non‐inoculated control. Additional inoculations performed until the R6 stage significantly increased soybean nodulation, which might indicate that plants were able to overcome the limitations of autoregulation of nodulation, allowing the development of new functional nodules to sustain the increased demand for N at latter stages of the growth cycle, especially during pod filling. In response to the increased nodulation, grain yield gains of 2 and 7% were obtained in the first and second experiments, respectively, relative to inoculation at sowing only. Our results indicate that soybean roots can form new nodules in response to additional inoculations, promoting increased N2 fixation and higher grain yield.
Physical Traits Related to Rice Lodging Resistance under Different Simplified‐Cultivation Methods
Authors: Liu Qihua , Ma Jiaqing , Zhao Qinglei , Zhou Xuebiao 
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas
Rice lodging resistance under three simplified‐cultivation methods was in order of mechanical transplantation > dry direct sowing > wet direct sowing.The reduction in lodging resistance was primarily attributed to increased internode length, decreased internode width, cull wall thickness, dry weight per centimeter, breaking stress, and bending moment of the third and fourth internodes from the top.
Lodging has been a limiting factor for the achievement of high grain yield and quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. It is necessary to evaluate rice lodging resistance under simplified‐cultivation methods widely adopted in China. With this objective, we investigated rice lodging resistance under mechanical transplantation (MT), dry direct‐sowing (DDS), and wet direct‐sowing (WDS) methods by measuring physical traits of stems. Our results show that, among the three cultivation methods, rice lodging resistance under MT was the strongest while it was the weakest under WDS. The average breaking stress of the two bottom internodes (N3 and N4) under MT was 27.11 and 54.65% higher than under DDS and WDS. However, the average lodging index of the two bottom internodes was decreased by 16.08 and 24.69% under MT compared to that under DDS and WDS. These significant differences in lodging resistance were attributed primarily to the changes in physical parameters (i.e., the internode length, internode width, culm wall thickness, dry weight per centimeter of culm and bending moment) of the third and fourth internodes from the top. The rice yield under WDS only reached 5.08Mg ha−1, which was 45.68 and 36.89% lower than that under MT and DDS. The results suggest that this severe damage to grain yield was due to lodging occurrence. Therefore, it is urgent to apply agronomic management practices to mitigate sustainably the risk of lodging in rice production, particularly for direct‐seeded rice.
Carbon Sequestration Potential Promoted by Oxalate Extractable Iron Oxides through Organic Fertilization
Authors: Huang Xiaolei , Feng Chenglong , Zhao Guanglei , Ding Mi , Kang Wenjing , Yu Guanghui , Ran Wei , Shen Qirong 
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas
Organic fertilization increased the oxalate extractable iron oxides.
Oxalate extractable iron oxides contributed to soil organic carbon sequestration.
Soil organic carbon from 20 to 40 cm was more labile than that from 0 to 20 cm.
Oxalate extractable iron oxides preferentially preserved aromatic compounds.
Carbon sequestration in paddy soils through organic fertilization is of great importance for soil quality improvement in subtropical Asia. This study explored the effect of oxalate extractable iron oxides (Feo) on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in response to different fertilization treatments. Soil samples were collected from 0‐ to 10‐cm, 10‐ to 20‐cm, and 20‐ to 40‐cm depth intervals in June 2016 after a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest. This study involved five treatments: control with no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), 50% chemical fertilizer plus manure (NPKM), 100% chemical fertilizer plus straw (NPKS), and 30% chemical fertilizer plus manure organic‐inorganic compound fertilizer (NPKMOI). Organic fertilization significantly (P < 0.05) increased the SOC content and the Feo concentration compared with chemical fertilization alone. The specific C mineralization rate (SCMR, rate per unit SOC) increased with increasing soil depths, suggesting that SOC at the 20‐ to 40‐cm depth was more labile than that from 0 to 20 cm. The percentage of SOC present as microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was significantly (P < 0.001) positively correlated with SCMR, indicating that soil microorganisms influenced the potential SOC mineralization. Furthermore, the alternation of drying and wetting in paddy soils drives the biogeochemical cycles of iron and SOC, during which organic fertilization promotes the accumulation of Feo possibly by forming organo‐iron complexes as indicated by the higher Feo content in NPKM than in NPK. The Feo was significantly (P < 0.001) positively correlated with SOC and the percentage of aromatic C, indicating that Feo may play an important role in preserving SOC, especially the aromatic compounds. Therefore, the enhancement of Feo by organic fertilization, especially organic manure that is enriched in aromatic compounds, improved the SOC sequestration potential in the rice (Oryza sativa)–wheat rotation system.
Carbon Sink Strength of Subsurface Horizons in Brazilian Oxisols
Authors: Souza Ivan F. , Almeida Luis F. J. , Jesus Guilherme L. , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Nico Peter S. , Kleber Markus , Silva Ivo R. 
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas
Mineralogy cannot explain the formation of MOAs in topsoil.
SRO and crystalline Al‐/Fe‐(hydr)oxides are both effective in the formation of MOAs in subsoil.
The initial amount of C associated to Al‐/Fe‐(hydr)oxides seems to affect the formation of MOAs.
Redistribution of plant litter towards the subsoil can enhance C storage in Oxisols.
Interactions with pedogenic oxides are a known mechanism of soil organic matter (SOM) protection, but little is known about how the protective power of pedogenic oxides varies with soil depth in highly weathered tropical soils. To address this issue, we followed the decomposition of a double‐labeled plant litter (13C/15N) in microcosm experiments using samples collected at four depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 60–100 cm) from six Brazilian Oxisols. These soils were selected to include a range of taxonomic subtypes, spanning wide variations in mineralogy and texture. After a 12‐mo incubation, we quantified the proportion of isotopically‐labeled SOM (13C/15N) within the mineral fraction <53 µm (i.e., clay+silt). We found that litter‐C retention increased with depth, while the opposite occurred for litter‐N. Correlations between isotopically‐labeled SOM and short‐range order (SRO) Al‐/Fe‐(hydr)oxides were insignificant in topsoil (0–10 cm), but increased with depth, reaching peak significance in the 20‐ to 40‐cm interval (r = 0.64 and 0.58, for litter‐C and ‐N, respectively). A similar trend was observed for crystalline Al‐/Fe‐(hydr)oxides, which were more strongly correlated with the retention of 13C than 15N. We posit that in subsoil, both SRO and crystalline Al‐/Fe‐(hydr)oxides are more readily involved in the neoformation of mineral‐organic associations. Overall, litter‐C is less efficiently transferred into the clay+silt fraction of C‐rich topsoil relative to C‐depleted subsoil horizons, which may represent a significant C sink for Oxisols.