bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining Jupiter's internal flows using Juno magnetic and gravity measurements
Authors: Galanti E. , Cao H. , Kaspi Y. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDeciphering the flow below the cloud‐level of Jupiter remains a critical milestone in understanding Jupiter's internal structure and dynamics. The expected high‐precision Juno measurements of both the gravity field and the magnetic field might help to reach this goal. Here we propose a method that combines both fields to constrain the depth‐dependent flow field inside Jupiter. This method is based on a mean‐field electrodynamic balance that relates the flow field to the anomalous magnetic field, and geostrophic balance that relates the flow field to the anomalous gravity field. We find that the flow field has two distinct regions of influence: an upper region in which the flow affects mostly the gravity field and a lower region in which the flow affects mostly the magnetic field. An optimization procedure allows to reach a unified flow structure that is consistent with both the gravity and the magnetic fields.
Multifunctional Electrode Design Consisting of 3D Porous Separator Modulated with Patterned Anode for High‐Performance Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Songquan , Wang Meng , Zhou Zhiming , Tang Yongbing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSearching for low‐cost and high‐capacity electrode materials such as metal anodes is of important significance for the development of new generation rechargeable batteries. However, metal anodes always suffer from severe volume expansion/contraction during a repeated electrochemical alloying/dealloying process. In this study, a novel concept about modifying metal‐anodes‐based battery construction with a multifunctional electrode (ME) design is provided. The ME consists of a 3D porous separator that is modulated with a patterned aluminum anode, which simultaneously works as a current collector, anode material, and separator in a dual‐ion battery (DIB). The 3D porous separator not only enables the ME to possess significantly improved electrolyte uptake and retention capabilities, but also acts as a protecting layer to restrict the surface pulverization of the Al anode. The ME‐DIB displays remarkably enhanced cell performances, including excellent cycling stability with 92.4% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 C, and superior rate performance with 80.7% capacity retention at 10 C.
SIRT1 activates the expression of fetal hemoglobin genes
Authors: Dai Yan , Chen Tyngwei , Ijaz Heba , Cho Elizabeth H. , Steinberg Martin H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHigh fetal hemoglobin (HbF, α2γ2) levels ameliorate the clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease and β thalassemia. The mechanisms that repress HbF expression and silence γ‐globin genes in adults are incompletely characterized and only a single HbF inducer, hydroxyurea, is approved for treatment, and only in patients with sickle cell disease. We identified SIRT1, a protein deacetylase, as a new inducer of γ‐globin. SIRT1 knockdown decreased, while SIRT1 ectopic expression upregulated γ‐globin gene (HBG) expression in primary human erythroid cells and in K562 cells. The small molecule SIRT1 activators SRT2104 and SRT1720 enhanced HBG expression in cord blood human erythroblasts and reactivated silenced HBG in adult human erythroblasts. Furthermore, SIRT1 binds in the β‐globin gene cluster locus control region (LCR) and HBG promoters, promotes the looping of the LCR to HBG promoter, and increases the binding of RNA polymerase II and H4K16Ac in the HBG promoter. SIRT1 suppressed the expression of the HBG suppressors BCL11A, KLF1, HDAC1 and HDAC2. Lastly, SIRT1 did not change the proliferation of human erythroid progenitor cells or the expression of differentiation marker CD235a. These data suggest that SIRT1 activates HBG expression through facilitating LCR looping to the HBG promoter, inhibiting the expression of transcriptional suppressors of HBG, and indirectly increasing histone acetylation in the HBG promoter. SIRT1 is a potential therapeutic target for γ‐globin gene induction, and small molecule SIRT1 activators might serve as a lead compound for the development of new HbF inducers.
Large‐Scale Syntheses of Zinc Sulfide⋅(Diethylenetriamine)0.5 Hybrids as Precursors for Sulfur Nanocomposite Cathodes
Authors: Ma Tao , Zhou Fei , Zhang Tian‐Wen , Yao Hong‐Bin , Su Ting‐Yu , Yu Zhi‐Long , Li Yi , Lu Lei‐Lei , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNanostructured metal sulfide–amine hybrid materials have attracted attention because of their unique properties and versatility as precursors for functional inorganic nanomaterials. However, large‐scale synthesis of metal sulfide–amine hybrid nanomaterials is limited by hydrothermal and solvothermal preparative reaction conditions; consequently, incorporation of such materials into functional nanomaterials is hindered. An amine molecule‐assisted refluxing method was used to synthesize highly uniform zinc sulfide⋅(diethylenetriamine)0.5 (ZnS⋅(DETA)0.5) hybrid nanosheets and nanobelts in a large scale. The obtained ZnS⋅(DETA)0.5 hybrid nanomaterials can be used as efficient precursors to fabricate functional ZnS nanomaterials and carbon encapsulated sulfur (S@C) nanocomposite cathodes for Li–S batteries.
Observation and Identification of an Atomic Oxygen Structure on Catalytic Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Kai , Chen Tao , He Shuyue , Robbins Jason P. , Podkolzin Simon G. , Tian Fei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInteractions between oxygen and gold surfaces are fundamentally important in diverse areas of science and technology. In this work, an oxygen dimer structure was observed and identified on gold nanoparticles in catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water. This structure, which is different from isolated atomic or molecular oxygen surface structures, was observed with in situ surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic measurements and identified with density functional theory calculations. The experimental measurements were performed using monodisperse 5, 50 and 400 nm gold particles supported on silica with liquid‐phase hydrogen and deuterium peroxides at multiple pH values. The calculations show that on surfaces with coordinatively unsaturated gold atoms, two oxygen atoms preferentially share a gold atom with a bond distance of 0.194–0.196 nm and additionally bind to two other surface gold atoms with a larger bond distance of 0.203–0.213 nm, forming an Au‐O‐Au‐O‐Au structure. The formation of this structure depends on reaction rates and conditions.
Calciumhydrid‐Kation [CaH]+ stabilisiert durch einen makrocyclischen NNNN‐Liganden: ein selektiver Katalysator für die Hydrierung von Olefinen
Authors: Schuhknecht Danny , Lhotzky Carolin , Spaniol Thomas P. , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDie Reaktion des Dibenzylcalcium‐Komplexes [Ca(Me4TACD)(CH2Ph)2], stabilisiert durch den neutralen, makrocyclischen Liganden 1,4,7,10‐Tetramethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetra<‐azacyclododecan (Me4TACD), mit Triphenylsilan führte zu dem kationischen, zweikernigen Calciumhydrid [Ca2H2(Me4TACD)2](PhCHSiPh3)2, das mithilfe von NMR‐Spektroskopie und Einkristallstrukturanalyse charakterisiert wurde. Das Kation kann als eine durch Liganden stabilisierte, dimere Form des hypothetischen [CaH]+ angesehen werden. Die Hydrierung des Benzylcalcium‐Kations [Ca(Me4TACD)(CH2Ph)(thf)]+ führte zu dikationischen Calciumhydriden [Ca2H2(Me4TACD)2][BAr4]2 (Ar=C6H4‐4‐tBu; C6H3‐3,5‐Me2) mit schwach koordinierenden Anionen. In THF katalysierten die Komplexe den Isotopenaustausch zwischen H2 und D2 zu HD sowie die Hydrierung von 1‐Alkenen.
Electro‐kinetic Separation of Rare Earth Elements Using a Redox‐Active Ligand
Authors: Fang Huayi , Cole Bren E. , Qiao Yusen , Bogart Justin A. , Cheisson Thibault , Manor Brian C. , Carroll Patrick J. , Schelter Eric J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurification of rare earth elements is challenging due to their chemical similarities. All of the deployed separation methods rely on thermodynamic properties, such as distribution equilibria in solvent extraction. Rare‐earth‐metal separations based on kinetic differences have not been examined. Herein, we demonstrate a new approach for rare‐earth‐element separations by exploiting differences in the oxidation rates within a series of rare earth compounds containing the redox‐active ligand [{2‐(tBuN(O))C6H4CH2}3N]3−. Using this method, a single‐step separation factor up to 261 was obtained for the separation of a 50:50 yttrium–lutetium mixture.
Enantioselective Crossed Photocycloadditions of Styrenic Olefins by Lewis Acid Catalyzed Triplet Sensitization
Authors: Miller Zachary D. , Lee Byung Joo , Yoon Tehshik P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of unsymmetrical cyclobutanes by controlled heterodimerization of olefins remains a substantial challenge, particularly in an enantiocontrolled fashion. Shown herein is that chiral Lewis acid catalyzed triplet sensitization enables the synthesis of highly enantioenriched diarylcyclobutanes by photocycloaddition of structurally varied 2′‐hydroxychalcones with a range of styrene coupling partners. The utility of this reaction is demonstrated through the direct synthesis of a representative norlignan cyclobutane natural product.
Qualitative analysis of Psoraleae Fructus by HPLC‐DAD/TOF‐MS fingerprint and quantitative analysis of multiple components by single marker
Authors: Luan Lianjun , Shen Xiaoyu , Liu Xuesong , Wu Yongjiang , Tan Manliang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA variety of bioactive substances may account for the recognized efficacy and wide clinical application of Psoraleae Fructus in China. A high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD) fingerprint method was developed to present the comprehensive phytochemical profile of the crude drug. Thirteen major compounds were separated and identified by HPLC coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/TOF‐MS), namely psoralenoside (PO), isopsoralenoside (IPO), psoralen (PS), isopsoralen (IPS), neobavaisoflavone (NBF), bavachin (BC), corylin (CN), bavachromene (BCM), psoralidin (PD), isobavachalcone (IBC), bacachinin (BCN), corylifol A (CA) and bakuchiol (BK). Then quantitative analysis of multiple components by single marker (QAMS) was applied in content determination of PO, IPO, PS, IPS, BC, IBC, BCN, CA and BK, with NBF as the internal standard. The calculation results indicated no significant difference from the traditional external standard method (p > 0.05, RSD < 2.62%), suggesting that QAMS is a reliable and convenient method for content determination of multiple chemical compositions, especially when there is a shortage of reference substances. In conclusion, simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of Psoraleae Fructus may be fulfilled through the newly proposed method of QAMS combined with HPLC‐DAD/TOF‐MS fingerprint.
Unusual C2h‐Symmetric trans‐1‐(Bis‐pyrrolidine)‐tetra‐malonate Hexa‐Adducts of C60: The Unexpected Regio‐ and Stereocontrol Mediated by Malonate–Pyrrolidine Interaction
Authors: Castro Edison , Azmani Khalid , Garcia Andrea Hernandez , Aghabali Amineh , Liu Shuming , Metta‐Magana Alejandro J. , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Rodríguez‐Fortea Antonio , Poblet Josep M. , Echegoyen Luis 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA totally unanticipated regio‐ and stereoisomerically pure C2h‐symmetric trans‐1‐(bis‐pyrrolidine)‐tetra‐malonate hexa‐adduct of C60 was obtained via a topologically controlled method, followed by a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The structures of the products were elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR and by X‐ray crystallography. The unexpected regio‐ and stereoselectivity observed, supported by theoretical calculations, was found to be a consequence of malonate–pyrrolidine interactions.
Rule extraction from autoencoder‐based connectionist computational models
Authors: Yang Juan , Thomas Michael S. C. , Liu Hongtao 
Published: August 2017

SummaryMapping problems are typical research topics related to natural language learning, and they include not only classification mappings but also nonclassification mappings, such as verbs and their past tenses. Connectionist computational models are one of the most popular approaches for simulating those mapping problems; however, their lack of explanatory ability has prevented them from being further used to understand the language learning process. Therefore, the work of extracting rational rules from a connectionist model is as important as simulating the mapping behaviors. Unfortunately, there is no available technique that can be directly applied in those computational models to simulate nonclassification problems. In this paper, an autoencoder‐based connectionist computational model is proposed to derive a rule extraction method that can construct “If‐Then” rational relations with high fidelity for nonclassification mapping problems. To demonstrate its generalizability, this computational model is extended to a modified version to address a multi‐label classification mapping problem related to cognitive style prediction. Experiments prove this computational model's simulation ability and its explanatory ability on nonclassification problems by comparing its fidelity performances with those of the classical connectionist computational model (multilayer perceptron artificial neural network), and its similar ability on a multi‐label classification problem (Felder‐Silverman learning style classification) by comparing its prediction accuracy with those of other rule induction techniques.
Contributions of the intestinal microbiome in lung immunity
Authors: McAleer Jeremy P. , Kolls Jay K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe intestine is a critical site of immune cell development that not only controls intestinal immunity but extra‐intestinal immunity as well. Recent findings have highlighted important roles for gut microbiota in shaping lung inflammation. Here, we discuss interactions between the microbiota and immune system including T cells, protective effects of microbiota on lung infections, the role of diet in shaping the composition of gut microbiota and susceptibility to asthma, epidemiologic evidence implicating antibiotic use and microbiota in asthma and clinical trials investigating probiotics as potential treatments for atopy and asthma. The systemic effects of gut microbiota are partially attributed to their generating metabolites including short chain fatty acids, which can suppress lung inflammation through the activation of G protein‐coupled receptors. Thus, studying the interactions between microbiota and immune cells can lead to the identification of therapeutic targets for chronic lower respiratory diseases.
Utility of functioning measures in the prediction of independent living status in older adults with serious mental illness
Authors: Fortuna Karen L. , Lohman Matthew C. , Bruce Martha L. , Bartels Stephen J. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to compare the predictive utility of three commonly used functioning measures for people with serious mental illness in the prediction of independent living status.MethodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis from the Helping Older People Experience Success study with adults aged 50 years and older with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, or major depressive disorder (N = 183).ResultsTotal scores for the Independent Living Skills Survey, Multnomah Community Ability Scale, and UCSD Performance‐Based Skills Assessment were modestly inter‐correlated. For the overall sample, greater independent living status at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up was predicted by higher baseline functioning scores on both the self‐reported Independent Living Skills Survey and the UCSD Performance‐Based Skills Assessment. However, by diagnostic subgroup, independent living status at 1‐year follow‐up was only predicted by the Independent Living Skills Survey for affective disorders and by the UCSD Performance‐Based Skills Assessment for schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders. For the total sample, the Independent Living Skills Survey was associated with self‐efficacy and employment status. Neither the Independent Living Skills Survey nor UCSD Performance‐Based Skills Assessment was associated with medical or psychiatric hospitalizations or with subjective physical or mental health status.ConclusionsThese commonly used functioning measures for people with serious mental illness examine different aspects of functioning. The choice of functional measurement should be based on the population under study and intervention goals. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
5‐Azacytidine specifically inhibits the NIH‐3T3 PCD process induced by TNF‐alpha and cycloheximide via affecting BCL‐XL
Authors: Wang Qing , Wang Pu , Zhou Hong , Hu Yan , Xie Chengshen , Gao Fei , Ma Ningjie , Hou Haoli , Zhang Hao , Li Lijia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDNA methylation plays a crucial role in lots of biological processes and cancer. 5‐azacytidine (5‐AC), a DNA methylation inhibitor, has been used as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for cancer. In this study, we used 5‐AC treatment to investigate whether DNA methylation was involved in regulation of programmed cell death (PCD) in mouse embryo fibroblast NIH‐3T3 cells which could undergo PCD after treatment with TNF‐α and cycloheximide (CHX). The results showed that the genomic DNA of NIH‐3T3 cells was hypermethylated during PCD induced by TNF‐α and CHX, and 5‐AC might prevent this PCD process. However, treatment with the other three DNA methylation inhibitors, 5‐aza‐deoxycytidine, 6‐thioguanine and RG108, did not interfere with the NIH‐3T3 cell PCD process. Additionally, knockdown of DNMT1 did not affect the apoptosis process. The present results and observations indicated that 5‐AC specifically inhibited the NIH‐3T3 apoptosis process via a genomic DNA methylation‐independent pathway. During the TNF‐α and CHX‐inducing apoptosis process, the PCD related BCL‐2 family proteins were significantly down‐regulated. Furthermore, after the small interference RNA‐mediated knockdown of BCL‐XL, one of the BCL‐2 family proteins, 5‐AC did not inhibit the apoptosis process, suggesting that 5‐AC inhibited the PCD process induced by TNF‐α and CHX by affecting the anti‐apoptotic protein BCL‐XL.
Retracted: Synergistic effect of siRNA‐mediated silencing of TGF‐β R1 and TGF‐β R2 genes on the proliferation and apoptosis of penile urethral epithelial cells in hypospadiac male rats
Authors: Wang Chao , Qiao Yan‐Yan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe study elucidated the effects associated with silencing growth factor‐β R1 (TGF‐β R1) and TGF‐β R2 genes on the proliferation and apoptosis of penile urethral epithelial cells (UECs) in hypospadiac male rats. Seventy‐five male rats were distributed into the normal, model, TGF‐β R1/2‐siRNA, TGF‐β R1‐siRNA and TGF‐β R2‐siRNA groups. The UECs of the rats included in the study were cultured in vitro and subsequently divided into the control, blank, TGF‐β R1/2‐siRNA, TGF‐β R1‐siRNA and TGF‐β R2‐siRNA groups. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF‐β R1/R2 were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blotting. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay as well as by flow cytometry. Compared with the normal group, the apoptotic rate of the UECs in the model, TGF‐β R1/2‐siRNA, TGF‐β R1‐siRNA and TGF‐β R2‐siRNA groups displayed remarkable increases; compared with the model group, the apoptotic rate of the UECs in the TGF‐β R1/2‐siRNA, TGF‐β R1‐siRNA and TGF‐β R2‐siRNA groups displayed significant decreases, similar observations were made regarding mRNA and protein expressions of TGF‐β R1 and TGF‐β R2. Compared with the TGF‐β R1/2‐siRNA group, the apoptotic rates of the UECs in the TGF‐β R1‐siRNA and TGF‐β R2‐siRNA groups were up regulated, while cell proliferation in the TGF‐β R1‐siRNA and TGF‐β R2‐siRNA groups decreased accompanied by an increased rate of apoptosis. This study ultimately demonstrated that the silencing of TGF‐β R1 and TGF‐β R2 genes could promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of penile UECs in hypospadiac male rats.
Inhibition of human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation via Wnt signaling activation
Authors: Moon Jung‐Sun , Ko Hyun‐Mi , Park Ji‐Il , Kim Jae‐Hyung , Kim Sun‐Hun , Kim Min‐Seok 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), characterized by rapid in vitro expandability and multi‐differentiation potential, have been widely used in the clinical field of tissue engineering. Recent studies have shown that various signaling networks are involved in the growth and differentiation of hMSCs. Although Wnts and their downstream signaling components have been implicated in the regulation of hMSCs, the role of Wnt signaling in hMSC self‐renewal is still controversial. Here, it was observed that activation of endogenous canonical Wnt signaling with LiCl, which decreased β‐catenin phosphorylation, leads to a decrease in hMSC proliferation. The fact that this growth arrest is not linked to apoptosis was verified by annexin V‐FITC/propidium iodide assay. It was associated with sealing off of the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle accompanied by changes in expression of cell cycle‐associated genes such as cyclin A and D. In addition, activation of Wnt signaling during hMSC proliferation seemed to reduce their clonogenic potential. On the contrary, Wnt signaling activation during hMSC proliferation had little effect on the osteogenic differentiation capability of cells. These findings show that canonical Wnt signaling is a critical regulator of hMSC proliferation and clonogenicity.
Case conceptualization research in cognitive behavior therapy: A state of the science review
Authors: Easden Michael H. , Kazantzis Nikolaos 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveProminent models of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) assert that case conceptualization is crucial for tailoring interventions to adequately address the needs of the individual client. We aimed to review the research on case conceptualization in CBT.MethodWe conducted a systematic search of PsychINFO, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Science Collection, and CINAHL databases to February 2016.ResultsA total of 24 studies that met inclusion criteria were identified. It was notable that studies (a) focused on the assessment function of case conceptualization, (b) employed diverse methodologies, and, overall, (c) there remains a paucity of studies examining the in‐session process of using case conceptualization or examining relations with outcome.ConclusionResults from the existing studies suggest that experienced therapists can reliably construct some elements of case conceptualizations, but importance for the efficacy of case conceptualization in CBT has yet to be demonstrated. Research that involves direct observation of therapist competence in case conceptualization as a predictor of CBT outcomes is recommended as a focus for future hypothesis testing.