bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colistin Resistance Gene
mcr-1
and Its Variant in Escherichia coli Isolates from Chickens in China
Authors: Yang Yong-Qiang , Li Yun-Xia , Song Tao , Yang Yan-Xian , Jiang Wei , Zhang An-Yun , Guo Xin-Yi , Liu Bi-Hui , Wang Yong-Xiang , Lei Chang-Wei , Xiang Rong , Wang Hong-Ning 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

The
mcr-1
gene was detected in 5.11% (58/1136) of
Escherichia coli
isolates of chicken origin from 13 provinces in China. A novel
mcr-1
variant, named
mcr-1.3
, encoding an Ile-to-Val functional variant of MCR-1 was identified in a sequence type 155 (ST155) strain. An
mcr-1.3
-containing IncI2 plasmid, pHeN867 (60,757 bp), was identified. The transfer of pHeN867 led to a 32-fold increase in the MIC of colistin in the recipient, exhibiting an effect on colistin resistance that was similar to that of
mcr-1
.
Plasmid-Mediated Novel
bla
NDM-17
Gene Encoding a Carbapenemase with Enhanced Activity in a Sequence Type 48 Escherichia coli Strain
Authors: Liu Zhihai , Wang Yang , Walsh Timothy R. , Liu Dejun , Shen Zhangqi , Zhang Rongmin , Yin Wenjuan , Yao Hong , Li Jiyun , Shen Jianzhong 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
(CRE) have spread worldwide, leaving very few treatment options available. New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) is the main carbapenemase mediating CRE resistance and is of increasing concern. NDM-positive
Enterobacteriaceae
of human origin are frequently identified; however, the emergence of NDM, and particularly novel variants, in bacteria of food animal origin has never been reported. Here, we characterize a novel NDM variant (assigned NDM-17) identified in a β-lactam-resistant sequence type 48 (ST48)
Escherichia coli
strain that was isolated from a chicken in China. Compared to NDM-1, NDM-17 had three amino acid substitutions (V88L, M154L, and E170K) that confer significantly enhanced carbapenemase activity. Compared to NDM-5, NDM-17 had only one amino acid substitution (E170K) and slightly increased isolate resistance to carbapenem, as indicated by increased MIC values. The gene encoding NDM-17 (
bla
NDM-17
) was located on an IncX3 plasmid, which was readily transferrable to recipient
E. coli
strain J53 by conjugation, suggesting the possibility of the rapid dissemination of
bla
NDM-17
. Enzyme kinetics showed that NDM-17 could hydrolyze all β-lactams tested, except for aztreonam, and had a significantly higher affinity for all β-lactams tested than did NDM-5. The emergence of this novel NDM variant could pose a threat to public health because of its transferability and enhanced carbapenemase activity.
Prediction of Improved Antimalarial Chemoprevention with Weekly Dosing of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine
Authors: Permala Jesmin , Tarning Joel , Nosten François , White Nicholas J. , Karlsson Mats O. , Bergstrand Martin 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) is used to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable groups such as children and pregnant women. IPT with the fixed dose combination of piperaquine (PQ) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is being evaluated as a potential mass treatment to control and eliminate artemisinin-resistant falciparum malaria. This study explored alternative DHA-PQ adult dosing regimens compared to the monthly adult dosing regimen currently being studied in clinical trials. A time-to-event model describing the concentration-effect relationship of preventive DHA-PQ administration was used to explore the potential clinical efficacy of once-weekly adult dosing regimens. Loading dose strategies were evaluated and the advantage of weekly dosing regimen was tested against different degrees of adherence. Assuming perfect adherence, three tablets weekly dosing regimen scenarios maintained malaria incidence of 0.2 to 0.3% per year compared to 2.1 to 2.6% for all monthly dosing regimen scenarios and 52% for the placebo. The three tablets weekly dosing regimen was also more forgiving (i.e., less sensitive to poor adherence), resulting in a predicted ∼4% malaria incidence per year compared to ∼8% for dosing regimen of two tablets weekly and ∼10% for monthly regimens (assuming 60% adherence and 35% interindividual variability). These results suggest that weekly dosing of DHA-PQ for malaria chemoprevention would improve treatment outcomes compared to monthly administration by lowering the incidence of malaria infections, reducing safety concerns about high PQ peak plasma concentrations and being more forgiving. In addition, weekly dosing is expected to reduce the selection pressure for PQ resistance.
Analysis of the time and workers needed to conduct systematic reviews of medical interventions using data from the PROSPERO registry
Authors: Borah Rohit , Brown Andrew W , Capers Patrice L , Kaiser Kathryn A 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo summarise logistical aspects of recently completed systematic reviews that were registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registry to quantify the time and resources required to complete such projects.DesignMeta-analysis.Data sources and study selectionAll of the 195 registered and completed reviews (status from the PROSPERO registry) with associated publications at the time of our search (1 July 2014).Data extractionAll authors extracted data using registry entries and publication information related to the data sources used, the number of initially retrieved citations, the final number of included studies, the time between registration date to publication date and number of authors involved for completion of each publication. Information related to funding and geographical location was also recorded when reported.ResultsThe mean estimated time to complete the project and publish the review was 67.3 weeks (IQR=42). The number of studies found in the literature searches ranged from 27 to 92 020; the mean yield rate of included studies was 2.94% (IQR=2.5); and the mean number of authors per review was 5, SD=3. Funded reviews took significantly longer to complete and publish (mean=42 vs 26 weeks) and involved more authors and team members (mean=6.8 vs 4.8 people) than those that did not report funding (both p<0.001).ConclusionsSystematic reviews presently take much time and require large amounts of human resources. In the light of the ever-increasing volume of published studies, application of existing computing and informatics technology should be applied to decrease this time and resource burden. We discuss recently published guidelines that provide a framework to make finding and accessing relevant literature less burdensome.
Comparison of eye-lens doses imparted during interventional and non-interventional neuroimaging techniques for assessment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Guberina N , Dietrich U , Forsting M , Ringelstein A 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundA neurointerventional examination of intracranial aneurysms often involves the eye lens in the primary beam of radiation.ObjectiveTo assess and compare eye-lens doses imparted during interventional and non-interventional imaging techniques for the examination of intracranial aneurysms.MethodsWe performed a phantom study on an anthropomorphic phantom (ATOM dosimetry phantom 702-D; CIRS, Norfolk, Virginia, USA) and assessed eye-lens doses with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) type 100 (LiF:Mg, Ti) during (1) interventional (depiction of all cerebral arteries with triple 3D-rotational angiography and twice 2-plane DSA anteroposterior and lateral projections) and (2) non-interventional (CT angiography (CTA)) diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms. Eye-lens doses were calculated following recommendations of the ICRP 103. Image quality was analysed in retrospective by two experienced radiologists on the basis of non-interventional and interventional pan-angiography examinations of patients with incidental aneurysms (n=50) on a five-point Likert scale.ResultsThe following eye-lens doses were assessed: (1) interventional setting (triple 3D-rotational angiography and twice 2-plane DSA anteroposterior and lateral projections) 12 mGy; (2) non-interventional setting (CTA) 4.1 mGy. Image quality for depiction of intracranial aneurysms (>3 mm) was evaluated as good by both readers for both imaging techniques.ConclusionsEye-lens doses are markedly higher during the interventional than during the non-interventional diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms. For the eye-lens dose, CTA offers considerable radiation dose savings in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms.
Keeping It Real: The Impact of HRD Internships on the Development of HRD Professionals
Authors: Sawyer Katina 
Published: February 2017

The Problem Participation in internships may provide undergraduate human resource development (HRD) students with practical experience necessary to be successful in the field. However, research is lacking which examines the impact of HRD internship experiences on professional development and career trajectories. Research is also limited which provides guidance on how to distinguish which undergraduate internships may be most valuable. The features which make internships most effective in preparing students for their chosen careers warrant further examination, specifically within HRD. Relatedly, it is important to understand which internship experiences are most likely to develop HRD competencies for undergraduate students. The Solution Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from HRD professionals who had participated in an HRD internship while they were undergraduate students. These data were analyzed, using qualitative and quantitative methods, to better understand the structure and focus of student HRD internships. Specifically, while the data are preliminary, this study generated insights regarding the extent to which effective internships were able to promote the development of key HRD skillsets, and which skillsets were most likely to be enhanced. The Stakeholders Using the results of this analysis, educational institutions can better understand how to locate effective internships for students. In addition, students can utilize these data to better recognize valuable internship experiences in the future.
Optimized depletion of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in murine xenograft models of human acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Tasian Sarah K. , Kenderian Saad S. , Shen Feng , Ruella Marco , Shestova Olga , Kozlowski Miroslaw , Li Yong , Schrank-Hacker April , Morrissette Jennifer J. D. , Carroll Martin , June Carl H. , Grupp Stephan A. , Gill Saar 
Published: February 2017

Key Points
Depletion of CD123-redirected CAR T cells with monoclonal antibodies preserves leukemia remission in human AML xenograft models. AML CAR T-cell depletion enhances feasibility of subsequent allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Safety of Large-Volume, Same-Day Oral Bowel Preparations During Deep Sedation: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Tandon Kanwarpreet , Khalil Charl , Castro Fernando , Schneider Alison , Mohameden Mosaab , Hakim Seifeldin , Shah Kinchit , To Chau , O’Rourke Colin , Jacobs Jeffrey 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND:
Colonoscopy quality is directly related to the bowel preparation. It is well established that bowel preparations are improved when at least part of the laxative is ingested on the day of the procedure. However, there is concern that this can result in higher gastric residual volumes (GRV) and increase the risk of pulmonary aspiration. The aim of this study is to evaluate GRV and gastric pH in patients who received day-before bowel preparation versus those ingesting their laxative on the day of colonoscopy under anesthesiologist-directed propofol deep sedation.

METHODS:
This is a prospective observational study for patients undergoing same-day upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. All included patients had large-volume polyethylene glycol lavage preparation and received propofol sedation. Gastric fluid was collected during the upper endoscopy for volume and pH measurement.

RESULTS:
The study included 428 patients with 56% receiving same-day laxative preparation and the remainder evening-before preparation. Mean ± SD GRV was 18.1 ± 10.2 mL, 16.3 ± 16.5 mL in each of these preparation groups, respectively (P = .69). GRV ≥ 25 mL or higher than expected GRV adjusted by weight (0.4 mL/kg) were also not different among the study groups (P = .90 and P = .87, respectively). Evaluating GRV based on time since last ingestion of preparation (3–5, 5–7, >7 hours) did not result in any differences (P = .56). Gastric pH was also similar between the bowel preparation groups (P = .23), with mean ± SD of 2.5 ± 1.4 for evening-before and 2.5 ± 1.3 for the same-day preparation. There were more inadequate bowel preparations in day before bowel preparations (P = .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
A large-volume bowel preparation regimen finished on the day of colonoscopy as close as 3 hours before the procedure results in no increase in GRV or decrease in gastric pH.
A Randomized Crossover Study Comparing Cervical Spine Motion During Intubation Between Two Lightwand Intubation Techniques in Patients With Simulated Cervical Immobilization: Laryngoscope-Assisted Versus Conventional Lightwand Intubation
Authors: Kim Tae Kyong , Son Je-Do , Seo Hyungseok , Lee Yun-Seok , Bae Jinyoung , Park Hee-Pyoung 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND:
In patients with cervical immobilization, jaw thrust can cause cervical spine movement. Concurrent use of a laryngoscope may facilitate lightwand intubation, allowing midline placement and free movement of the lightwand in the oral cavity without jaw thrust. We compared the effects of laryngoscope-assisted lightwand intubation (LALI) versus conventional lightwand intubation (CLI) on cervical spine motion during intubation in patients with simulated cervical immobilization.

METHODS:
In this randomized crossover study, the cervical spine angle was measured before and during intubation at the occiput-C1, C1-C2, and C2-C5 segments in 20 patients with simulated cervical immobilization who underwent intubation using both the LALI and CLI techniques. Cervical spine motion was defined as the change from baseline in angle measured at each cervical segment during intubation.

RESULTS:
Cervical spine motion at the occiput-C1 segment was 5.6° (4.3) and 9.3° (4.5) when we used the LALI and CLI techniques, respectively (mean difference [98.33% CI]; −3.8° [−7.2 to −0.3]; P = .007). At other cervical segments, it was not significantly different between the 2 techniques (−0.1° [−2.6 to 2.5]; P = .911 in the C1-C2 segment and −0.2° [−2.8 to 2.5]; P = .795 in the C2-C5 segment).

CONCLUSIONS:
The LALI technique produces less upper cervical spine motion during intubation than the CLI technique in patients with simulated cervical immobilization.
Allergic rhinitis in children: MASTering a common problem
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: February 2017

Allergic rhinitis is a common condition amongst children which can impact upon their quality of life and school performance. Mark Greener analyses the causes, symptoms and co-morbidities, and suggests how the condition can be successfully managed Estimates of the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children vary widely between countries. However, up to 40% of children in the UK may have allergic rhinitis, which seems to be linked to numerous factors and can impair educational performance and quality of life, exacerbate co-morbid asthma, and increase the risk of internalising behaviours. The assessment of patients with allergic rhinitis should cover four areas, encompassed by the mnemonic ‘MAST’: medication, associated conditions, severity, and timing.
Methane emission factors for enteric fermentation in beef cattle using IPCC Tier-2 method in Indonesia
Authors: Widiawati Yeni , Rofiq M.N. , Tiesnamurti B. 
Published: February 2017

<p class="abstrak2">Methane emission from enteric is a sub-category considered under the Agriculture sector greenhouse gas emissions by UNFCCC, thus Indonesia developed calculation on enteric CH<sub>4</sub> EF for ruminant using Tier-2 method as country-specific emission factors (EF). Indonesia has huge amount of beef cattle population, which contributes significant amount to national enteric methane emission. The aim of this study was to estimate enteric methane EF for beef cattle in Indonesia using IPCC Tier-2 method. The EF generated from this study is then used to estimate the methane emitted from beef cattle. Data on beef cattle population was obtained from BPS, data on energy content of feed, feed intake and digestibility were compiled from laboratory analysis and published paper. Equations were adopted and followed the instruction of IPCC 2006. Local cattle has different CH<sub>4</sub> EF among each sub-category, which are ranging from 18.18 to 55.89 Kg head-1 yr-1, with the average of 36.75 head-1 yr-1. Imported beef cattle has lower CH<sub>4</sub> EF (25.49 kg head-1 yr-1) than the average for local beef cattle. Overall, the national CH<sub>4</sub> EF of beef cattle calculated by using IPCC Tier-2 method in Indonesia is 33.14 head-1 yr-1. The value is lower than default EF from IPCC for Asia country (47 kg head-1 yr-1). The conclusion is enteric CH<sub>4</sub> EF for beef cattle in Indonesia calculated using Tier-2 method shows the real livestock system in Indonesia condition. Further research needed to be addressed are calculation of EFs for various breeds and feeding systems, since large variations of breeds and types of feed among provinces in Indonesia.</p>
Raw starch degrading α-amylases: an unsolved riddle
Authors: Božić Nataša , Lončar Nikola , Slavić Marinela Šokarda , Vujčić Zoran 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStarch is an important food ingredient and a substrate for the production of many industrial products. Biological and industrial processes involve hydrolysis of raw starch, such as digestion by humans and animals, starch metabolism in plants, and industrial starch conversion for obtaining glucose, fructose and maltose syrup or bioethanol. Raw starch degrading α-amylases (RSDA) can directly degrade raw starch below the gelatinization temperature of starch. Knowledge of the structures and properties of starch and RSDA has increased significantly in recent years. Understanding the relationships between structural peculiarities and properties of RSDA is a prerequisite for efficient application in different aspects of human benefit from health to the industry. This review summarizes recent advances on RSDA research with emphasizes on representatives of glycoside hydrolase family GH13. Definite understanding of raw starch digesting ability is yet to come with accumulating structural and functional studies of RSDA.
Free vibrations of non-uniform CNT/fiber/polymer nanocomposite beams
Authors: Seidi J. , Kamarian S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract In this paper, free vibrations of non-uniform multi-scale nanocomposite beams reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are studied. Mori-Tanaka (MT) technique is employed to estimate the effective mechanical properties of three-phase CNT/fiber/polymer composite (CNTFPC) beam. In order to obtain the natural frequencies of structure, the governing equation is solved by means of Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) approach. The accuracy and efficiency of the applied methods are studied and compared with some experimental data reported in previous published works. The influences of volume fraction and agglomeration of nanotubes, volume fraction of long fibers, and different laminate lay-ups on the natural frequency response of structure are examined.
Urbanization and species occupancy frequency distribution patterns in core zone areas of European towns
Authors: Jokimäki Jukka , Suhonen Jukka , Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki Marja-Liisa 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMore and more of the globe is becoming urbanized. Thus, characterizing the distribution and abundance of species occupying different towns is critically important. The primary aim of this study was to examine the effect of urbanization and latitude on the patterns of species occupancy frequency distribution (SOFD) in urban core zones of European towns (38 towns) along a 3850-km latitudinal gradient. We determined which of the three most common distributional models (unimodal-satellite dominant, bimodal symmetrical, and bimodal asymmetrical) provides the best fit for urban bird communities using the AICc-model selection procedure. Our pooled data exhibited a unimodal-satellite SOFD pattern. This result is inconsistent with the results from previous studies that have been conducted in more natural habitats, where data have mostly exhibited a bimodal SOFD pattern. Large-sized towns exhibited a bimodal symmetric pattern, whereas smaller-sized towns followed a unimodal- -satellite dominated SOFD pattern. The difference in environmental diversity is the most plausible explanation for this observation because habitat diversity of the study plots decreased as urbanization increased. Southern towns exhibited unimodal satellite SOFD patterns, central European towns exhibited bimodal symmetric, and northern towns exhibited bimodal asymmetric SOFD patterns. One explanation for this observation is that urbanization is a more recent phenomenon in the north than in the south. Therefore, more satellite species are found in northern towns than in southern towns. We found that core species in European towns are widely distributed, and their regional population sizes are large. Our results indicated that earlier urbanized species are more common in towns than the species that have urbanized later. We concluded that both the traits of bird species and characteristics of towns modified the SOFD patterns of urban-breeding birds. In the future, it would be interesting to study how the urban history impacts SOFD patterns and if the SOFD patterns of wintering and breeding assemblages are the same.
Preparation and characterization of sorbents from food waste
Authors: Grycova Barbora , Pryszcz Adrian , Lestinsky Pavel , Chamradova Katerina 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Waste coffee was treated by pyrolysis in the conventional laboratory apparatus at 800°C. Afterwards, a mass balance of the final yields, gas chromatographic analysis and assessment of solid and liquid residues were done. The selected waste material was also subjected to microwave pyrolysis in terms of adsorbents preparation. The solid residues were further activated with potassium hydroxide. Final characterization of prepared sorbents was made by sorption of nitrogen at 77 K. Activated sorbents had much better sorption properties. The surface area according to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) theory of activated material (from conventional pyrolysis) was measured 1794 m2·g−1.