bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sydney Playground Project: A Cluster‐Randomized Trial to Increase Physical Activity, Play, and Social Skills
Authors: Bundy Anita , Engelen Lina , Wyver Shirley , Tranter Paul , Ragen Jo , Bauman Adrian , Baur Louise , Schiller Wendy , Simpson Judy M. , Niehues Anita N. , Perry Gabrielle , Jessup Glenda , Naughton Geraldine 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe assessed the effectiveness of a simple intervention for increasing children's physical activity, play, perceived competence/social acceptance, and social skills.METHODSA cluster‐randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which schools were the clusters. Twelve Sydney (Australia) primary schools were randomly allocated to intervention or control conditions, with 226 children (5‐7 years old) selected randomly to participate. Data were collected at baseline and after 13 weeks. The intervention consisted of introducing recycled materials without an obvious play purpose into school playgrounds and a risk‐reframing workshop for parents and teachers.RESULTSChildren from the intervention schools increased physical activity and reduced sedentary time while control schools decreased physical activity and increased sedentary time. The intervention yielded increases in total accelerometer counts (β = 9350 counts, 95% CI 3490‐1522, p = .002), minutes of moderate/vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (β = 1.8 min, 95% CI 0.52‐3.12, p = .006), and reductions in sedentary time (β = −2.1 min, 95% CI −3.77‐(−0.51), p = .01). Although the changes in time spent in play and nonplay were not statistically different (p = .08) the effect size (d = .27) indicates clinical significance.CONCLUSIONSThis intervention was effective for increasing MVPA during recess and demonstrated capacity to improve play opportunities in school playgrounds.
Beyond the Ivory Tower: Labor Market Returns to Greek Membership
Authors: Routon P. Wesley , Walker Jay K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUsing a nationally representative sample of college graduates, we estimate the post‐collegiate labor market effects of fraternity and sorority membership during undergraduate tenure. We find that, after controlling for relevant factors, former sorority members’ labor market outcomes are indistinguishable from those of other female college graduates. Former fraternity membership, however, is associated with an increased likelihood of self‐employment of about 10 percentage points and a sizable wage premium. Former fraternity members are indistinguishable from other male college graduates in terms of the probability of employment, historical unemployment, subjective beliefs of personal job security, job satisfaction and satisfaction with earnings.
Oral mucormycosis in patients with haematologic malignancies in a bone marrow transplant unit
Authors: Cheong Hae Suk , Kim Sung Yong , Ki Hyun Kyun , Kim Jun Yeon , Lee Mark Hong 
Published: September 2017

SummaryMucormycosis is an aggressive and life‐threatening opportunistic fungal infection, which predominantly affects immunocompromised patients. It typically manifests in rhinocerebral, pulmonary or disseminated forms in patients with immunosuppressive conditions. Mucormycosis limited to the oral cavity is rare, and to the best of our knowledge only seven cases have previously been reported in English literature. We present five consecutive cases of oral mucormycosis in patients with leukaemia, and provide a literature review.
Role of oral nystatin prophylaxis in cardiac surgery with prolongedextracorporeal circulation
Authors: Russo Alessandro , Carriero Giovanni , Farcomeni Alessio , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , Tritapepe Luigi , Venditti Mario 
Published: September 2017

Summary
Duration >120 minutes of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) during cardiopulmonary bypass procedure was associated to an increased risk of candidemia in the intensive care unit (ICU). To evaluate oral nystatin prophylaxis in cardiac surgery considering its exclusive effect on Candida, in the absence of systemic effects and selection of resistant strains to polyene. We conducted an observational study in the postcardiac surgery ICU of Policlinico “Umberto I” of Rome. From January 2014, all patients with a prolonged ECC >120 minutes were systematically treated with oral nystatin (Prophylaxis group). This group was compared with all patients hospitalised in the same ICU, who have not received oral nystatin after ECC >120 minutes (No prophylaxis group). Overall, 672 consecutive patients were analyzed: 318 (47.3%) patients belonged to the no prophylaxis group, and 354 (52.7%) patients to the prophylaxis group. Diagnosis of candidemia was confirmed in 7 (2.2%) patients, all belonged to the no prophylaxis group. At multivariate analysis, oral nystatin prophylaxis showed a protective effect for development of candidemia after cardiac surgery. Oral nystatin prophylaxis, in patients who underwent a ECC >120 minutes, seems to reduce development of candidemia; however, the real efficacy of such prophylaxis approach requires further investigation.
Prevalence of onychomycosis among patients with nail psoriasis who are not receiving immunosuppressive agents: Results of a pilot study
Authors: Tsentemeidou Aikaterini , Vyzantiadis Timoleon‐Achilleas , Kyriakou Aikaterini , Sotiriadis Dimitrios , Patsatsi Aikaterini 
Published: September 2017

SummaryNail psoriasis and onychomycosis can often be hard to differentiate clinically and may coexist, complicating each other's course. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of onychomycosis among patients with nail psoriasis not being treated with immunosuppressive agents, which constitute an independent risk factor for fungal infections. A cross‐sectional study was performed. All adult patients with nail psoriasis who were not receiving antifungal and/or immunosuppressive treatment were recruited at the 2nd University Dermatology Department of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki from 10/2016 till 02/2017. If onychomycosis was clinically suspected, nail samples were collected and direct microscopy with 15% KOH solution and culture were performed. Target‐NAPSI and DLQI score were also calculated. Of the 23 patients recruited, 20 were men and 3 were women, with a mean age of 53.43 years (48.25, 58.62), a mean target‐NAPSI score of 10.72 (9.62, 11.77) and a mean DLQI score of 10.17 (7.46, 12.89). A total of 34.78% of patients tested positive for onychomycosis. Yeast were isolated in 37.50% of cases, non‐dermatophyte filamentous fungi in 37.50% and T. rubrum in 12.50%. The prevalence of onychomycosis among nail psoriasis patients is higher than that among the general population of Greece (15%‐20%). Yeast and moulds predominate in infection cases of nail psoriasis patients.
Are plants sentient?
Authors: Calvo Paco , Sahi Vaidurya Pratap , Trewavas Anthony 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFeelings in humans are mental states representing groups of physiological functions that usually have defined behavioural purposes. Feelings, being evolutionarily ancient, are thought to be coordinated in the brain stem of animals. One function of the brain is to prioritise between competing mental states and, thus, groups of physiological functions and in turn behaviour. Plants use groups of coordinated physiological activities to deal with defined environmental situations but currently have no known mental state to prioritise any order of response. Plants do have a nervous system based on action potentials transmitted along phloem conduits but which in addition, through anastomoses and other cross‐links, forms a complex network. The emergent potential for this excitable network to form a mental state is unknown, but it might be used to distinguish between different and even contradictory signals to the individual plant and thus determine a priority of response. This plant nervous system stretches throughout the whole plant providing the potential for assessment in all parts and commensurate with its self‐organising, phenotypically plastic behaviour. Plasticity may, in turn, depend heavily on the instructive capabilities of local bioelectric fields enabling both a degree of behavioural independence but influenced by the condition of the whole plant.
Foreign ownership and the export and import propensities of developing‐country firms
Authors: Boddin Dominik , Raff Horst , Trofimenko Natalia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper uses micro‐data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys 2002–06 to investigate how foreign ownership affects the likelihood of manufacturers in developing countries to export and/or import either directly or indirectly. Applying propensity score matching to control for differences across firms in terms of labour productivity and other characteristics, we find that foreign ownership raises the propensity of a firm to export by over 17 and the propensity to import by more than 13 percentage points. The effects are even bigger for countries with the lowest per capita income and institutional quality.
A new species of the genus Neoseiulus Hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and the male of Amblyseius ishizuchiensis Ehara, 1972 from China
Authors: Fang Xiaoduan , Wu Wei-Nan 
Published: September 2017

Phytoseiids have been surveyed in China since 1958, and about 300 species have been recorded thus far. A new species Neoseiulus badalingensis sp. nov. and a newly recorded species from China, Amblyseius ishizuchiensis Ehara, 1972 were founded by examining the former collection in Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources. The new species is described and illustrated based on now available specimens. The first description of the male of A. ishizuchiensis is also provided.
Commercial Intravenous Immunoglobulin Preparations Contain Functional Neutralizing Antibodies against the Staphylococcus aureus Leukocidin LukAB (LukGH)
Authors: Wood James B. , Jones Lauren S. , Soper Nicole R. , Nagarsheth Meera , Creech C. Buddy , Thomsen Isaac P. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

The pathogenesis of
Staphylococcus aureus
is mediated by an array of important virulence factors, including the two-component leukocidin family of toxins. LukAB (also known as LukGH), the most recently discovered leukocidin, is potently lethal to phagocytes, produced during invasive human disease, and present in all known clinical isolates of
S. aureus
. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is often used clinically in severe
S. aureus
infections. The primary aim of this study was to assess the binding and neutralization potential of IVIg against LukAB. A secondary aim was to examine the lot-to-lot variability of IVIg in the binding and neutralization of LukAB. We studied 24 distinct lots of IVIg and compared them to serum from children with invasive
S. aureus
infection (in the acute and convalescent phases) and from healthy, uninfected controls. We found that all lots of IVIg contained functional antibodies targeting LukAB. After adjusting for total antibody content per sample, we found that the amount of anti-LukAB antibody in IVIg was similar to that seen with healthy controls and less than that seen with patients with invasive
S. aureus
infection. IVIg samples had lower neutralization capacity than samples from healthy controls and children with invasive infection. IVIg had remarkably little lot-to-lot variation in LukAB binding but had significantly more variation in toxin neutralization. These results represent the first report of functional antibodies against the important
S. aureus
leukocidin LukAB in IVIg. Given the frequent clinical use of IVIg for severe
S. aureus
infections, improving our understanding of functional antibody properties exhibited by this therapeutic is essential.
Anaerobic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Death Stems from Intracellular Acidification Mitigated by the DosR Regulon
Authors: Reichlen Matthew J. , Leistikow Rachel L. , Scobey Micah S. , Born Sarah E. M. , Voskuil Martin I. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is a strict aerobe capable of prolonged survival in the absence of oxygen. We investigated the ability of anaerobic
M. tuberculosis
to counter challenges to internal pH homeostasis in the absence of aerobic respiration, the primary mechanism of proton efflux for aerobic bacilli. Anaerobic
M. tuberculosis
populations were markedly impaired for survival under a mildly acidic pH relative to standard culture conditions. An acidic environmental pH greatly increased the susceptibilities of anaerobic bacilli to the collapse of the proton motive force by protonophores, to antimicrobial compounds that target entry into the electron transport system, and to small organic acids with uncoupling activity. However, anaerobic bacilli exhibited high tolerance against these challenges at a near-neutral pH. At a slightly alkaline pH, which was near the optimum intracellular pH, the addition of protonophores even improved the long-term survival of bacilli. Although anaerobic
M. tuberculosis
bacilli under acidic conditions maintained 40% lower ATP levels than those of bacilli under standard culture conditions, ATP loss alone could not explain the drop in viability. Protonophores decreased ATP levels by more than 90% regardless of the extracellular pH but were bactericidal only under acidic conditions, indicating that anaerobic bacilli could survive an extreme ATP loss provided that the external pH was within viable intracellular parameters. Acidic conditions drastically decreased the anaerobic survival of a DosR mutant, while an alkaline environment improved the survival of the DosR mutant. Together, these findings indicate that intracellular acidification is a primary challenge for the survival of anaerobic
M. tuberculosis
and that the DosR regulon plays a critical role in sustaining internal pH homeostasis.

IMPORTANCE
During infection,
M. tuberculosis
bacilli are prevalent in environments largely devoid of oxygen, yet the factors that influence the survival of these severely growth-limited and metabolically limited bacilli remain poorly understood. We determined how anaerobic bacilli respond to fluctuations in environmental pH and observed that these bacilli were highly susceptible to stresses that promoted internal acidic stress, whereas conditions that promoted an alkaline internal pH promoted long-term survival even during severe ATP depletion. The DosR regulon, a major regulator of general hypoxic stress, played an important role in maintaining internal pH homeostasis under anaerobic conditions. Together, these findings indicate that in the absence of aerobic respiration, protection from internal acidification is crucial for long-term
M. tuberculosis
survival.
Isolation of a Membrane Protein Complex for Type VII Secretion in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Aly Khaled A. , Anderson Mark , Ohr Ryan Jay , Missiakas Dominique 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

The ESAT6-like secretion system (ESS) of
Staphylococcus aureus
promotes effector protein transport across the bacterial envelope. Genes in the ESS cluster are required for
S. aureus
establishment of persistent abscess lesions and the modulation of immune responses during bloodstream infections. However, the biochemical functions of most of the ESS gene products, specifically the identity of secretion machine components, are unknown. Earlier work demonstrated that deletion of
essB
, which encodes a membrane protein, abolishes
S. aureus
ESS secretion. Loss-of-function mutations truncating the
essB
gene product cause dominant-negative phenotypes on ESS secretion, suggesting that EssB is a central component of the secretion machinery. To test this prediction, we purified native and affinity-tagged EssB from staphylococcal membranes via dodecyl-maltoside extraction, identifying a complex assembled from five proteins, EsaA, EssA, EssB, EssD, and EsxA. All five proteins are essential for secretion, as knockout mutations in the corresponding genes abolish ESS transport. Biochemical and bacterial two-hybrid analyses revealed a direct interaction between EssB and EsaA that, by engaging a mobile machine component, EsxA, may also recruit EssA and EssD.

IMPORTANCE
Type VII secretion systems support the lifestyle of Gram-positive bacteria, including important human pathogens such as
Bacillus anthracis
,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, and
Staphylococcus aureus
. Genes encoding SpoIIIE-FtsK-like ATPases and WXG100-secreted products are conserved features of type VII secretion pathways; however, most of the genes in T7SS clusters are not conserved between different bacterial species. Here, we isolate a complex of proteins from the membranes of
S. aureus
that appears to represent the core secretion machinery, designated ESS. These results suggest that three membrane proteins, EsaA, EssB, and EssA, form a secretion complex that associates with EssC, the SpoIIIE-FtsK-like ATPase, and with EsxA, a mobile machine component and member of the WXG100 protein family.
ORGANISATIONAL LEARNING, INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE OF TECHNOLOGY START-UPS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
Authors: IBEKU STANLEY 
Published: September 2017

Innovation and performance are increasingly being considered important to the success or otherwise of firms especially technology start-ups. The study investigated the effect of organisational learning on innovation as well as the effect of innovation on performance of technology start-up firms in Lagos, Nigeria. Data was collected from 101 technology start-ups with the aid of a questionnaire. Pearson correlation analyses and multiple stepwise regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Results of the study support both hypotheses. The study confirms that organisational learning contributes to innovation. Also, findings from the study show that innovation is positively related to firm performance. Understanding the importance of innovation will provide more insight on how technology start-ups can achieve better performance and retain market share.
Please Smoke Your E-Cigarette Proportionally
Authors: Inglese Marco 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Directive 2014/40/eu harmonises the manufacture, sales and presentation of tobacco and related products, notably, electronic cigarettes. As its predecessors, Directive 2014/40/eu has already been challenged on three occasions. This article will tackle the Pilbox case and assesses the impact of the principles of proportionality and subsidiarity on market harmonisation and health protection. It seeks to demonstrate that, contrary to the old-fashioned stream of case law on this subject, the battlefield has been shifted from the scope of Art. 114 tfeu to the impact of general principles of eu law. It then assesses how health protection increasingly permeates internal market legislations, leading to a sort of ‘paternalistic’ harmonisation. Finally, it argues that after two decades of disputes concerning tobacco products, the Court of Justice of the European Union (cjeu) has successfully ended litigations on Directive 2014/40/eu, holding that its compliance with the principles of proportionality and subsidiarity is beyond doubt.
Prognostic significance of baseline metabolic tumor volume in relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Moskowitz Alison J. , Schöder Heiko , Gavane Somali , Thoren Katie L. , Fleisher Martin , Yahalom Joachim , McCall Susan J. , Cadzin Briana R. , Fox Stephanie Y. , Gerecitano John , Grewal Ravinder , Hamlin Paul A. , Horwitz Steven M. , Kumar Anita , Matasar Matthew , Ni Andy , Noy Ariela , Palomba M. Lia , Perales Miguel-Angel , Portlock Carol S. , Sauter Craig , Straus David , Younes Anas , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Moskowitz Craig H. 
Published: September 2017

Key PointsBaseline metabolic tumor volume and the presence of refractory disease predict outcome for patients with relapsed/refractory HL. Metabolic tumor volume improves the predictive power of pretransplantation PET in relapsed/refractory HL.
Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia’s presence in The Directory of Open Access Repositories (DOAR) and The Registry of Open Access Repositories (ROAR): A comparative study of their ratio of open access material
Authors: Hachani Samir 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOpen access has seen a great many developments since its inception some twenty five years ago. From an individual initiative it evolved into an institutional then a governmental action that gave it more weight. These initiatives that took place in the last decade of the twentieth century, and are still going on, have coincided with a revolution that has impacted our daily lives and more precisely our lives as researchers: the Internet which changed our ways of doing scientific research and whose influence could be seen live under our own eyes. While open access in the developed world has thrived, in the developing world to which Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia belong it seems to lag behind. As an example of this, the three countries have together only fifteen and thirteen open repositories in The Directory of Open Access Repositories (DOAR) and The Registry of Open Access Repositories (ROAR) respectively. Beside this quantitative weakness, these open repositories do not seem to implement a clear open access policy as most of them do restrict access to registered users with an account and a password which contravenes the most primary open access philosophy allowing access to scientific literature pending only an Internet connection. Additionally, previous studies have shown that the most basic open access concepts seem to be misconstrued by those in charge for a national open access policy. In consequence, this has impacted negatively on the performance of these open repositories and the ratio of its open access literature. It is suggested that bigger importance and means be given to the question by the people in charge. Cooperative projects such as ISTeMAG should be encouraged and should be the basis of a sound open access policy and allow these countries to attain the much coveted title of The Information Society.
Utility Misperception in a Vertically Differentiated Duopoly
Authors: Bienenstock Sophie 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
When choosing between two goods, consumers anticipate the utility they expect to derive from each product. However, such anticipations are subject to several sources of error, such as quality or price misperception and overoptimism about one’s capacity to use a product. The present paper studies the effect of inaccurate utility anticipations on consumer choice and ultimately on the market outcome in a vertically differentiated duopoly. I come to the conclusion that utility misperception can lead consumers to make suboptimal decisions ex post, although the choice seemed rational at the time of purchase. I show that in a vertically differentiated duopoly, firms are subject to two opposite incentives regarding consumer education. Moreover, the firms’ incentives to educate consumers are not necessarily aligned with the socially efficient outcome. Therefore, this paper also explores several policies aimed at mitigating the negative consequences of consumer misperception.