bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acidity promotes degradation of multi-species environmental DNA in lotic mesocosms
Authors: Seymour Mathew , Durance Isabelle , Cosby Bernard J. , Ransom-Jones Emma , Deiner Kristy , Ormerod Steve J. , Colbourne John K. , Wilgar Gregory , Carvalho Gary R. , de Bruyn Mark , Edwards François , Emmett Bridget A. , Bik Holly M. , Creer Simon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAccurate quantification of biodiversity is fundamental to understanding ecosystem function and for environmental assessment. Molecular methods using environmental DNA (eDNA) offer a non-invasive, rapid, and cost-effective alternative to traditional biodiversity assessments, which require high levels of expertise. While eDNA analyses are increasingly being utilized, there remains considerable uncertainty regarding the dynamics of multispecies eDNA, especially in variable systems such as rivers. Here, we utilize four sets of upland stream mesocosms, across an acid–base gradient, to assess the temporal and environmental degradation of multispecies eDNA. Sampling included water column and biofilm sampling over time with eDNA quantified using qPCR. Our findings show that the persistence of lotic multispecies eDNA, sampled from water and biofilm, decays to non-detectable levels within 2 days and that acidic environments accelerate the degradation process. Collectively, the results provide the basis for a predictive framework for the relationship between lotic eDNA degradation dynamics in spatio-temporally dynamic river ecosystems.
5–20 Gbit/s adaptive CTLE with spectrum balancing method
Authors: Cai Chen , Zhou Yumei , Zhao Jianzhong 
Published: January 2018

An adaptive continuous‐time linear equaliser using the optimised spectrum balancing (SB) method is proposed. The SB method is extended with a frequency detector to promote compensation ability of an equaliser and completes the optimal equalisation decision for multi‐data rates. The active inductor peaking technology is adopted to increase the bandwidth of an equaliser, save chip area and power consumption. Based on Huaili Microelectronics Corporation (HLMC) 40 nm CMOS process to achieve the overall design, the power consumption and chip area are 32.11 mW at 20 Gbit/s and 0.14 mm2, respectively. And it can offer a compensation range from 6 to 18 dB for 5–20 Gbit/s of receiving data.
Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma Resection: Technical Nuances on the Frontopterional Approach
Authors: Rustemi Oriela , Scienza Renato , Della Puppa Alessandro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTuberculum sellae meningioma remains a surgical challenge. Deep location of tumor, vascular and nerve encasement, and pituitary stalk involvement are the main technical issues. The frontopterional approach represents a natural, simple, and elegant approach to this area enabling surgeon to have a direct control on all anatomical structures. A 42-year-old woman was referred with a delayed diagnosis of tuberculum sellae meningioma due to the presence of HLA-B27-associated uveitis. She presented with 1/10 visual acuity in the left eye and no right visual function. A left frontopterional craniotomy was performed. Visual function improved postoperatively. The video illustrates the cisternal anatomy via pterional approach.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/Hmbf5bt7A64.
Implantação do Sistema de Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade em Neurocirurgia. Resultados
Authors: Sfreddo Ericson 
Published: January 2018

Resumo
Objetivo: Demonstrar a maneira como foi implementado o Serviço de Alta Complexidade em Neurocirurgia num município da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre e seus resultados benéficos à população, aos neurocirurgiões e à Instituição Hospitalar. Material e método: São demonstrados os argumentos que o grupo de neurocirurgiões adotou para convencer a direção do Hospital Municipal de Novo Hamburgo (HMNH) a investir na especialidade antes mesmo de ter noção real das vantagens e dos lucros que adviriam. Resultados: Foi constatado que havia uma evasão mensal de aproximadamente 30 pacientes dos municípios que compunham a região para outro centro de referência (“Hospital Referência”). Essa evasão propiciaria um rendimento em torno de R$ 57 mil. Foi demonstrado que o “Hospital Referência” havia saltado de um faturamento de pouco mais de R$ 100 mil para aproximadamente R$ 500 mil após a implantação do Sipac-Neuro, e que a média de valores das autorizações de internações hospitalares (AIH) desse hospital era de R$ 1.056,12 contra R$ 382,84 do HMNH. A seguir, descrevem-se os passos que foram necessários para o credenciamento junto ao Ministério da Saúde, a implantação do serviço e os futuros investimentos que se pretende realizar em função dos novos aportes financeiros proporcionados pela Alta Complexidade. Os resultados financeiros iniciais após o credenciamento foram significativos. Conclusão: A organização e demonstração real, com exemplos de outras instituições, são instrumentos úteis e facilitadores para o convencimento das direções de hospitais que ainda são céticos quanto às vantagens proporcionadas pelo Sipac-Neuro.
Sind G-BA Beschlüsse für die Versorgungssteuerung geeignet?
Authors: Holzerny Pascale , Werner Sebastian , Ruof Jörg 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist die Analyse der Übereinstimmung zwischen Leitlinien und G-BA Beschlüssen hinsichtlich i)
Patientengruppenbildung und ii) Leitlinienempfehlung versus Zusatznutzen.
Methoden Alle onkologischen AMNOG Beschlüsse von 1/2011 bis 5/2017 wurden einbezogen. Bei befristeten Verfahren wurden jeweils nur die
aktuellsten Beschlüsse berücksichtigt. Onkopedia wurde als die primäre Quelle für die klinisch-onkologischen Leitlinien berücksichtigt. Die
Konkordanz der Patientengruppenbildung wurde angenommen, wenn Leitlinien und G-BA Beschlüsse identische Patientengruppen beinhalteten.
Differierende Patientengruppen wurden als Diskordanz beschrieben. Die Konkordanz des G-BA Zusatznutzenbeschlusses zur entsprechenden
Leitlinienempfehlung wurdeangenommen, wenn vorhandener bzw. nicht belegter Zusatznutzen mit einer vorhandenen bzw. fehlenden Empfehlung in
den Leitlinien zusammenfiel. Diskordant waren Beschlüsse, die von der Leitlinienempfehlung divergierten.
Ergebnisse In die Analyse gingen 37 onkologische Medikamente mit 56 Verfahren und insgesamt 102 Patientengruppen ein. Hinsichtlich der
Patientengruppenbildung weicht der G-BA in 38 % (n = 39 von 102) partiell oder komplett von den in den Leitlinien dargestellten
Patientengruppen ab. Bezüglich der Übereinstimmung von Zusatznutzenbeschluss und Leitlinienempfehlung zeigt sich eine partielle oder
komplette Diskordanz bei 60 % der Patientengruppen (n = 61 von 102).
Schlussfolgerung G-BA Beschlüsse und Leitlinien in der Onkologie weisen sowohl hinsichtlich Patientengruppenbildung als auch bezüglich
Zusatznutzenbeschluss erhebliche Diskordanzen auf. Eine, am Patientenwohl orientierte, evidenzbasierte Steuerung der Versorgung sollte sich
primär an den von den klinischen Fachgesellschaften konzipierten Leitlinien orientieren.
Cognitive Deficits in Methamphetamine Users: How Strong is The Evidence?
Authors: Proebstl Lisa , Kamp Felicia , Koller Gabi , Soyka Michael 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMethamphetamine use has spread in many European countries and the United States. The current review provides a summary and critical analysis of research on cognitive deficits associated with methamphetamine, also known as “crystal meth.” The literature search performed for this review led us to the hypothesis that methamphetamine use is associated with persistent changes in brain metabolism that result in various impairments, such as deficits in memory, attention, and concentration. The dopaminergic system in particular seems to be affected. Some studies indicate that cognitive impairments may improve when users become abstinent, but results of other studies are conflicting. This review discusses these findings and the consequences for the development of a specific addiction treatment for methamphetamine.
Development of functional agricultural products utilizing the new health claim labeling system in Japan
Authors: Maeda-Yamamoto Mari , Ohtani Toshio 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In April 2015, Consumer Affairs Agency of Japan launched a new food labeling system known as “Foods with Function Claims (FFC).” Under this system, the food industry independently evaluates scientific evidence on foods and describes their functional properties. As of May 23, 2017, 1023 FFC containing 8 fresh foods have been launched. Meanwhile, to clarify the health-promoting effects of agricultural products, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) implemented the “Research Project on Development of Agricultural Products” and demonstrated the risk reduction of osteoporosis of β-cryptoxanthin rich Satsuma mandarins and the anti-allergic effect of the O-methylated catechin rich tea cultivar Benifuuki. These foods were subsequently released as FFC. Moreover, NARO elucidated the health-promoting effects of various functional agricultural products (β-glucan rich barley, β-conglycinin rich soybean, quercetin rich onion, etc.) and a healthy boxed lunch. This review focuses on new food labeling system or research examining functional aspects of agricultural products.
Biosynthesis of galactomannans found in filamentous fungi belonging to Pezizomycotina
Authors: Oka Takuji 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The galactomannans (GMs) that are produced by filamentous fungi belonging to Pezizomycotina, many of which are pathogenic for animals and plants, are polysaccharides consisting of α-(1→2)-/α-(1→6)-mannosyl and β-(1→5)-/β-(1→6)-galactofuranosyl residues. GMs are located at the outermost layer of the cell wall. When a pathogenic fungus infects a host, its cell surface must be in contact with the host. The GMs on the cell surface may be involved in the infection mechanism of a pathogenic fungus or the defense mechanism of a host. There are two types of GMs in filamentous fungi, fungal-type galactomannans and O-mannose type galactomannans. Recent biochemical and genetic advances have facilitated a better understanding of the biosynthesis of both types. This review summarizes our current information on their biosynthesis.
The presence of free d-aspartate in marine macroalgae is restricted to the Sargassaceae family
Authors: Yokoyama Takehiko , Tokuda Masaharu , Amano Masafumi , Mikami Koji 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The presence of d-aspartate (d-Asp), a biologically rare amino acid, was evaluated in 38 species of marine macroalgae (seaweeds). Despite the ubiquitous presence of free l-Asp, free d-Asp was detected in only 5 species belonging to the Sargassaceae family of class Phaeophyceae (brown algae) but not in any species of the phyla Chlorophyta (green algae) and Rhodophyta (red algae). All other members of Phaeophyceae, including 3 species classified into the section Teretia of Sargassaceae did not contain d-Asp. These results indicate that the presence of free d-Asp in marine macroalgae is restricted only to the Sargassaceae family, excluding the species in the section Teretia.
Fluctuation – a common but neglected pattern of physical activity behaviour: An exploratory review of studies in recent 20 years
Authors: Shang Borui , Duan Yanping , Huang Wendy Yajun , Brehm Walter 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground: Regular physical activity (PA) is beneficial for physical and psychological well‐being, yet many people do not achieve these health benefits due to irregular PA participation which is also known as fluctuation. Limited attention has been given to the phenomenon of fluctuation in the PA behaviour literature. Objective: The aim of this review was to explore and to map definitions, measurements, behavioural evidence, and factors related to PA fluctuation. Methods: Eligible studies were initially identified by a systematic search of articles conducted in four databases: Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus between January 1996 and March 2016. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were set to check the eligibility of all articles. Additional articles were included by manual searching and expert recommendation. Results: Fifteen articles were finally included. Definitions of fluctuation are understood from two perspectives, either as a stage in the process of behaviour change, or as a particular PA phenomenon consisting of lapse and readoption. Common features were extracted: behavioural irregularity, high risk of drop‐out, intention and readiness for PA, low automaticity, and limited self‐regulation. Furthermore, fluctuation identification was summarised in three approaches such as stage algorithm, self‐identified PA lapse and readoption, and prospective within‐person variation in meeting the PA guidelines. Regarding the empirical evidence, this review found that people in PA fluctuation were significantly distinct from those in preparation and maintenance of PA behavioural performance, as well as distinct in psychosocial features. Conclusions: Notwithstanding the limitations, this review has provided valuable insight into the phenomenon of PA fluctuation.
Single blood transfusion induces the production of donor-specific alloantibodies and regulatory T cells mainly in the spleen
Authors: Ueta Hisashi , Kitazawa Yusuke , Sawanobori Yasushi , Ueno Takamasa , Ueha Satoshi , Matsushima Kouji , Matsuno Kenjiro 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Donor-specific blood transfusion is known to induce alloresponses and lead to immunosuppression. We examined their underlying mechanisms by employing fully allogeneic rat combinations. Transfused recipients efficiently produced alloantibodies of the IgM and IgG subclasses directed against donor class I MHC. The recipients exhibited active expansion of CD4+ T cells and CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells), followed by CD45R+ B cells and IgM+ or IgG subclass+ antibody-forming cells mainly in the spleen. From 1.5 days, the resident MHCII+CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) in the splenic T-cell area, periarterial lymphocyte sheath, formed clusters with recipient BrdU+ or 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine+ cells, from which the proliferative response of CD4+ T cells originated peaking at 3–4 days. Transfusion-induced antibodies had donor passenger cell-depleting activity in vitro and in vivo and could suppress acute GvH disease caused by donor T cells. Furthermore, Treg cells significantly suppressed mixed leukocyte reactions in a donor-specific manner. In conclusion, single blood transfusion efficiently induced a helper T-cell-dependent anti-donor class I MHC antibody-forming cell response with immunoglobulin class switching, and a donor-specific Treg cell response mainly in the spleen, probably by way of the indirect allorecognition via resident DCs. These antibodies and Treg cells may be involved, at least partly, in the donor-specific transfusion-induced suppression of allograft rejection.
Source selection for cluster weak lensing measurements in the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey
Authors: Medezinski Elinor , Oguri Masamune , Nishizawa Atsushi J , Speagle Joshua S , Miyatake Hironao , Umetsu Keiichi , Leauthaud Alexie , Murata Ryoma , Mandelbaum Rachel , Sifón Cristóbal , Strauss Michael A , Huang Song , Simet Melanie , Okabe Nobuhiro , Tanaka Masayuki , Komiyama Yutaka 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present optimized source galaxy selection schemes for measuring cluster weak lensing (WL) mass profiles unaffected by cluster member dilution from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Strategic Survey Program (HSC-SSP). The ongoing HSC-SSP survey will uncover thousands of galaxy clusters to z ≲ 1.5. In deriving cluster masses via WL, a critical source of systematics is contamination and dilution of the lensing signal by cluster members, and by foreground galaxies whose photometric redshifts are biased. Using the first-year CAMIRA catalog of ∼900 clusters with richness larger than 20 found in ∼140 deg2 of HSC-SSP data, we devise and compare several source selection methods, including selection in color–color space (CC-cut), and selection of robust photometric redshifts by applying constraints on their cumulative probability distribution function (P-cut). We examine the dependence of the contamination on the chosen limits adopted for each method. Using the proper limits, these methods give mass profiles with minimal dilution in agreement with one another. We find that not adopting either the CC-cut or P-cut methods results in an underestimation of the total cluster mass (13% ± 4%) and the concentration of the profile (24% ± 11%). The level of cluster contamination can reach as high as ∼10% at R ≈ 0.24 Mpc/h for low-z clusters without cuts, while employing either the P-cut or CC-cut results in cluster contamination consistent with zero to within the 0.5% uncertainties. Our robust methods yield a ∼60 σ detection of the stacked CAMIRA surface mass density profile, with a mean mass of M200c = [1.67 ± 0.05(stat)] × 1014 M⊙/h.
Non-ontological Structuralism†
Authors: Resnik Michael 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTHistorical structuralist views have been ontological. They either deny that there are any mathematical objects (eliminative structuralism) or they maintain that mathematical objects are structures or positions in them (sui generis structuralism). Non-ontological structuralism offers no account of the nature of mathematical objects. My own structuralism has evolved from an early sui generis version to a non-ontological version that embraces Quine’s doctrine of ontological relativity. In this paper I further develop and explain this view.
CASQ1 Gene Is an Unlikely Candidate for Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility in the North American Population
Authors: Kraeva Natalia , Zvaritch Elena , Frodis Wanda , Sizova Olga , Kraev Alexander , MacLennan David H. , Riazi Sheila 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Malignant hyperthermia (MH, MIM# 145600) is a complex pharmacogenetic disorder that is manifested in predisposed individuals as a potentially lethal reaction to volatile anesthetics and depolarizing muscle relaxants. Studies of CASQ1-null mice have shown that CASQ1, encoding calsequestrin 1, the major Ca2+ binding protein in the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, is a candidate gene for MH in mice. The aim of this study was to establish whether the CASQ1 gene is associated with MH in the North American population.

Methods
The entire coding region of CASQ1 in 75 unrelated patients diagnosed by caffeine-halothane contracture test as MH susceptible (MHS) was analyzed by DNA sequencing. Subsequently, three groups of unrelated individuals (130 MHS, 100 MH negative, and 192 normal controls) were genotyped for a variant that was identified by sequencing. Levels of CASQ1 expression in the muscle from unrelated MHS and MH negative individuals were estimated by Western blotting.

Results
Screening of the entire coding sequence of the CASQ1 gene in 75 MHS patients revealed a single variant c.260T > C (p.Met87Thr) in exon 1. This variant is unlikely to be pathogenic, because its allele frequency in the MHS group was not significantly different from that of controls. There was also no difference in calsequestrin 1 protein levels between muscle samples from MHS and controls, including those carrying the p.Met87Thr variant.

Conclusions
This study revealed a low level of protein coding sequence variability within the human CASQ1 gene, indicating that CASQ1 is not a major MHS locus in the North American population.
Opioid Use Disorders Attributed to Tramadol Among Egyptian University Students
Authors: Bassiony Medhat M. , Abdelghani Mohamed , Salah El-Deen Ghada M. , Hassan Mervat S. , El-Gohari Hayam , Youssef Usama M. 
Published: January 2018

Background:Tramadol use is an overwhelming problem in Egypt with tremendous medical and social consequences especially among youth. Use liability among Egyptian university students is underevaluated. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated correlates of tramadol use among students from Zagazig University, Egypt.Methods:A cross-sectional study included a total of 1135 undergraduate students, from 10 colleges in Zagazig University. Participants were randomly selected and assessed for tramadol use using The Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) and The Drug Use Disorders Identification Test—Extended (DUDIT-E).Results:The prevalence of tramadol use was 12.3% among university students, with higher prevalence in male (20.2%) than female students (2.4%). The average age at onset of tramadol use was 17.6 ± 2.1. Only 15% of the students with substance use were using tramadol alone whereas the rest (85%) were using at least 1 drug plus tramadol. One-fifth of these students started with tramadol as their first drug. Smoking, cannabis, and alcohol use predict tramadol use. About 60% of students who use tramadol had drug-related problems and 30% had dependence. Treatment readiness for tramadol use is negatively correlated with smoking and its duration.Conclusions:Tramadol use was common among university students, with higher prevalence among males. There is a considerable relationship between tramadol use, smoking, and use of other substances. Further population-based longitudinal studies need to investigate the causal relationship between tramadol use, smoking, and use of other substances.
Immediate Breast Reconstruction among Patients with Medicare and Private Insurance: A Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Kamali Parisa , Ricci Joseph A. , Curiel Daniel A. , Cohen Justin B. , Chattha Anmol , Rakhorst Hinne A. , Lee Bernard T , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
By eliminating economic hurdles, the Women’s Health and Cancer Rights Act of 1998 represented a paradigm shift in the availability of breast reconstruction. Yet, studies report disparities among Medicare-insured women. These studies do not account for the inherent differences in age and comorbidities between a younger privately insured and an older Medicare population. We examined immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) utilization between a matched pre- and post-Medicare population.

Methods:
Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (1992–2013), breast cancer patients undergoing IBR were identified. To minimize confounding medical variables, 64-year-old privately insured women were compared with 66-year-old Medicare-insured women. Demographic data, IBR rates, and complication rates were compared. Trend over time was plotted for both cohorts.

Result:
A total of 21,402 64-year-old women and 25,568 66-year-old women were included. Both groups were well matched in terms of demographic type of reconstruction and complication rates. 72.3% of 64-year-old and 71.2 of % 66-year-old women opted for mastectomy. Of these, 25.5% (n = 3,941) of 64-year-old privately insured and 17.7% (n = 3,213) of 66-year-old Medicare-insured women underwent IBR (P < 0.01). During the study period, IBR rates increased significantly in both cohorts in a similar cohort.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates significant increasing IBR rates in both cohorts. Moreover, after an initial slower upward trend, after a decade, IBR in 66-year-old Medicare-insured women approached similar rates of breast reconstruction among those with private insurance. Trends in unilateral versus bilateral mastectomy are also seen.