bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bypass del cuerpo simbólico: Algunas consideraciones psicológicas de las cirugías bariátricas en obesidad mórbida
Authors: Bilbao Ramirez Rodrigo 
Published: March 2017

Este artículo revisa el tratamiento de la obesidad a través de intervenciones bariatricas, localizando algunas consecuencias clínicas. Ofrece una nueva lectura desde el psicoanálisis, tomando en cuenta una comprensión del cuerpo desde los tres registros Real-Simbólico-Imaginario de Jacques Lacan, con el cual se analiza el modelo actual de tratamiento. Se reconoce por esta vía la ausencia del cuerpo simbólico en el modelo de intervención y la necesidad de reintroducirlo en la escena médica y psicológica. Se muestra cómo el olvido de esta dimensión puede estar a la base del malestar psicológico y fracasos post operatorio. Por último, se orienta de modo transversal a reconocer la multidimensionalidad del cuerpo que ofrece las tres dimensiones interrelacionadas, como un esfuerzo de superar la división cartesiana mente-cuerpo.
Reconstrucción de soportes sociales en mujeres urbanos populares post viudez: Una mirada a los cuidados
Authors: Del Pozo Marisol Tatiana , Thumala Dockendorff Daniela 
Published: March 2017

La creciente feminización de la vejez, junto al carácter de género del envejecimiento, sitúan la viudez de mujeres mayores como un momento privilegiado para observar el quiebre en la organización de los cuidados. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo en mujeres adultas mayores viudas, de sectores populares urbanos de la ciudad de Santiago, bjetivo fue identificar y describir la existencia de patrones de género y de socialización, en el modo en que reconstruyeron sus relaciones de soporte social. Los hallazgos más relevantes se refieren al impacto del tipo de relación de pareja, en términos de expectativas de género, en las atribuciones de significado frente a las pérdidas asociadas a la viudez y el modo como estas atribuciones impactan la reconstrucción de soportes. Estos resultados permiten sostener que la construcción social de género y la socialización configuran las distintas viudeces expresadas por las mujeres. El aporte de este estudio es la aproximación desde la perspectiva de los cuidados y sus determinantes de género a la comprensión de la viudez femenina en la adultez mayor.
Autoagresión y auto concepto en adolescentes violentadas sexualmente: una mirada descriptiva
Authors: Vallejo Samudio Álvaro , Granados Brenda E. 
Published: March 2017

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar de forma descriptiva, las expresiones verbales de 11 adolescentes violentadas sexualmente, con relación a la forma como se auto agreden y el auto concepto que construyen de sí mismas. Ellas participaron en un proceso psicoterapéutico de tres meses, a razón de dos sesiones semanales y de hora y media de duración. Se utilizó una metodología mixta de origen cuantitativo y cualitativo, se analizaron fundamentalmente dos categorías, la agresión corporal a sí mismas y la agresión psicológica a sí mismas. Para ello, se tomaron 195 fragmentos de las 23 sesiones en las que participaron. Los resultados evidencian que la agresión psicológica es mayor que la agresión corporal a sí mismas, que no existe correlación lineal entre estas dos categorías y que la forma como dirigen la agresión corporal hacia sí mismas, va desde el ataque al propio cuerpo a través de sustancias psicoactivas hasta intentos serios de suicidio. La agresión psicológica a sí mismas, se caracteriza fundamentalmente en el daño al vínculo afectivo y al auto concepto negativo que construyen de sí mismas.
Poetics in Motion: Appropriating C. K. Williams's Poetics in Film — The Case of Tar
Authors: Zauderer Elizabeth Faye 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Scholarship on bio-pics of authors and poets has thus far focused mainly on issues pertaining to the appropriation of literary works and life stories, sometimes, but now always highlighting the latter as a source of inspiration for the former. This article explores how both poetry and poetics may be appropriated in film, taking Tar, the title poem of a collection of C. K. William's poems (1983), Williams's poetics (“Poetry and Consciousness” 1998, 1–9) and Pamela Romanowsky's cinematic rendition of the poem in The Color of Time (Dir. Edna Luise Biesold et al. 2014) as its case study. I begin with a review of Williams's poetics, followed by a reading of the figurative and discursive import of key metaphoric constructs in the poem Tar. Finally, I examine how Romanowsky appropriates such structures to communicate both the poem's emotional and contemplative effects.
Evaluation of Matrix Effects in Multiresidue Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables and Spices by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Chawla Suchi , Patel Hemlatta K , Gor Hetal N , Vaghela Kiran M , Solanki Priti P , Shah Paresh G 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate matrix interferences using QuEChERS sample preparation to understandwhether the dilution of matrix and/or the grouping of commodities can eliminate the need for selective individual matrix-matched standards in LC with tandem MS (MS/MS) analysis, and whether the calibration graph based ononly one matrix can be used for quantification in the other matrixes. Matrix effects (MEs) were studied by comparing the slopes of calibration curves of the matrix-matched standards (diluted with mobile phase) vis-à-vis the solvent-based standards.The present study showed that MEs were dependent on the nature of both the commodity and the analyte. Among the test matrixes, the highest variability in ME was recorded in capsicum. Most of the pesticides showed signal suppression in tomato, capsicum, and cumin matrixes. In brinjal matrix,the signal of most of the pesticides showed slight enhancement. Due to the similar nature of the MEs in tomatoand capsicum, these two commodities can be grouped together. Considering analyte variability, acetamiprid, 3-hydroxy carbofuran, dichlorvos, dimethoate, and spinosyn A and D showed no significant ME (≤20%) in tomato. Very high MEs (2360.9 and 1250.8%) were observed for quizalofop-p-tefuryl and tebuconazole, respectively. To check the effect of dilution in minimizing the ME, cucumber and brinjal matrixes were diluted 10×, and calibration curves were drawn with five concentration levels. It was found that about 60% of the total analyzedpesticides showed MEs ≤20%. In cumin, MEs ranged from −5.3% for triazophos to 661% for thiacloprid. Most of the pesticides showed recoveries in the acceptable range of 70–130% with calibration curvesfrom both matrixes. To compensate for MEs, it is suggested that (1) tomato and capsicum matrixes, which show similar trends, can be grouped together; and (2) cucumber matrix, when diluted 10×, can be used to prepare calibration curves for the quantification of pesticides in various fruiting and cucurbit vegetable matrixes by LC-MS/MS.
Optimization of a Modified QuEChERS Method for Multiresidue Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Sewage and Surface Water by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Kachhawaha Akanksha S , Nagarnaik Pranav M , Jadhav Manjusha , Pudale Anjali , Labhasetwar Pawan K , Banerjee Kaushik 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A quick, sensitive multiresidue method was developed for the analysis of 19 multiclass pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface water and sewage water. The proposed modified QuEChERS method involved the extraction of water samples (10 mL) with acetonitrile (10 mL) after the addition of 1% acetic acid, 4 gmagnesium sulfate, and 0.2 g ammonium acetate, and was validated in distilled water, surface water, and sewagewater with respect to linearity, LOD and LOQ, precision, and accuracy. The LOD and LOQ varied within the ranges of 0.001–0.167 and 0.002–0.25 ng/mL, respectively. Recoveries of the target compounds ranged from 73 to 125%, with precision RSD values &lt;27%. The method provided a precise estimation of PPCPs in field samples, and acetaminophen, atenolol, metformin, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, methylparaben, and triclosanwere detected in concentrations ranging from 0.10 to 1.40 and 0.10 to 3.4 ng/mL in surface water andsewage water, respectively. This is an innovative application of the QuEChERS approach for estimation of PPCPs from aqueous matrixes. The method provides significantly higher output (preparation of 25–30 samples a day) compared to conventional SPE-based methods (&lt;10 samples a day).
The Evolving Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Foshat Michelle , Boroumand Nahal 
Published: March 2017

Context.—
An explosion of information on pulmonary hypertension has occurred during the past few decades. The perception of this disease has shifted from purely clinical to incorporate new knowledge of the underlying pathology. This transfer has occurred in light of advancements in pathophysiology, histology, and molecular medical diagnostics.

Objectives.—
To update readers about the evolving understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and to demonstrate how pathology has shaped the current classification.

Data Sources.—
Information presented at the 5 World Symposia on pulmonary hypertension held since 1973, with the last meeting occurring in 2013, was used in this review.

Conclusions.—
Pulmonary hypertension represents a heterogeneous group of disorders that are differentiated based on differences in clinical, hemodynamic, and histopathologic features. Early concepts of pulmonary hypertension were largely influenced by pharmacotherapy, hemodynamic function, and clinical presentation of the disease. The initial nomenclature for pulmonary hypertension segregated the clinical classifications from pathologic subtypes. Major restructuring of this disease classification occurred between the first and second symposia, which was the first to unite clinical and pathologic information in the categorization scheme. Additional changes were introduced in subsequent meetings, particularly between the third and fourth World Symposia meetings, when additional pathophysiologic information was gained. Discoveries in molecular diagnostics significantly progressed the understanding of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Continued advancements in imaging modalities, mechanistic pathogenicity, and molecular biomarkers will enable physicians to define pulmonary hypertension phenotypes based on the pathobiology and allow for treatment customization.
Evolving Yangtze River reconstructed by detrital zircon U‐Pb dating and petrographic analysis of Miocene marginal Sea sedimentary rocks of the Western Foothills and Hengchun Peninsula, Taiwan
Authors: Zhang Xinchang , Huang Chiyue , Wang Yuejun , Clift Peter D. , Yan Yi , Fu Xiaowei , Chen Duofu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe timing of the establishment of the Yangtze River, whether prior to the early Miocene (~24 Ma) or more recently (~2 Ma), has been a point of much debate. Here we applied detrital zircon U‐Pb dating to Miocene sedimentary rocks from Taiwan and to estuary sands from modern rivers in SE China to trace sediment provenance and to further constrain the evolution of the Yangtze River. Detrital zircon U‐Pb ages from Miocene sandstones of the Western Foothills show similar age spectra to Miocene and modern sediments in the Yangtze River drainage and some similarity to the Minjiang River sediments. However, they differ significantly from ages in some sandstones from the Hengchun Peninsula accretionary prism and from the estuary sands of the Jiulongjiang River. This information, together with petrographic and sedimentary facies analysis, argues that the Jiulongjiang and Minjiang Rivers were major sources to some Hengchun Peninsula turbidites (~12 Ma), while synchronous sedimentation in the Western Foothills was supplied from the Yangtze, Minjiang (or similar river), and possibly even the Yellow River. These sediments were transported southward/eastward via rivers or channels to the marginal sedimentary basins now inverted in the Western Foothills in Taiwan. The Yangtze River must have been established prior to the middle Miocene.
Papillomaviruses and Cervical Neoplasia
Authors: Herfs Michael F. , Chang Martin C. , Crum Christopher P. 
Published: March 2017

OverviewThe field of HPV continues to move forward with new insights into pathogenesis, refined screening approaches using HPV testing, and the evolution of vaccines to include a wider range of HPV types covered. The squamocolumnar junction has been more precisely characterized, and its potential as a target for prevention in women beyond optimal age for vaccination is being discussed. HPV testing is assuming a major role in screening women over age 30, to the expense of the Papanicolaou smear, which will be largely limited to women between age 20 and 30, with reduction or elimination of cervical screening for women under age 20. For prevention of cervical neoplasia, the expansion of the range of HPV types targeted is now a reality, with new broader spectrum vaccines (such as 9‐valent vaccines) being introduced.
The Burden of Cancer Worldwide: Current and Future Perspectives
Authors: Ferlay Jacques , Wild Christopher P. , Bray Freddie 
Published: March 2017

Overview
Cancer, once seen as a problem only of high‐income countries, is now a leading global cause of death responsible for one in three premature deaths from non‐communicable diseases. The global trend is set to continue over the next decades through population and lifestyle changes, part of an ongoing demographic and epidemiologic transition that will see the 14 million new cancer cases and 8 million cancer deaths estimated worldwide in 2012 rise by 55% by 2030. This chapter has three main aims. The first is to portray the marked diversity in the scale and profile of cancer in different regions of the world. Secondly, we point to the transitional nature of cancer incidence, showing that the rising incidence rates and shifting profiles of common cancers are linked to societal and economic change. Thirdly, present inequities are highlighted in countries undergoing transition, where a rising cancer incidence and mortality burden is often matched by limited data for planning purposes and an absence of operational national cancer plans. We conclude by discussing the means to improve data in resource‐constrained settings for cancer control action through the planning and development of population‐based cancer registries.
Nexgen Pathology: Predicting Clinical Course and Targeting Disease Causation
Authors: Cordon‐Cardo Carlos , Firpo‐Betancourt Adolfo 
Published: March 2017

OverviewPathology is a bridging discipline involving basic and clinical biomedical sciences. This context includes both descriptive and mechanistic approaches, with the goals of understanding the anatomical changes and underlying molecular events involved in disease‐related processes. Neoplastic disorders are a focal point for the further development of this chapter. The two main objectives of pathology are to define disease causation [from “Pathos” (Greek) “Disease”] and categorize disease states to render clinical diagnostic services. A modern academic Department of Pathology encompasses education activities, including teaching students, training residents and fellows, and mentoring faculty; and hospital‐based clinical services usually under three divisions, comprising anatomic pathology (surgical pathology, cytology, and autopsy services); clinical pathology (embodying a variety of laboratory services from blood bank and coagulation to chemistry and microbiology, among others); and molecular pathology (commonly housing somatic genetics, cytogenomics, and flow cytometry). During the past two decades, we have witnessed the transition from descriptive analysis of tissue histology and analyte variables that categorized patients and broad disease stages to more objective and quantitative multidimensional studies aimed at defining individual patient signatures. More traditional population and cohort‐based classifications are turning into patient‐specific profiles that optimize treatment efficacy and outcome: from diagnostic and prognostic approaches that group patients into disease categories to the development of a more precise, predictive, and individualized patient assessment. Such an integrated care model drives selection of evidence‐based treatment protocols to optimize clinical outcome, engendering a cost‐effective and personalized healthcare. Disease classification and assistance in selection of therapy is the focus of this “patient‐centric” pathology approach, expanding into monitoring of therapy (such as assessing therapeutic index and mutational load through tumor genotypes) and managing high‐risk patients through early diagnosis of their disease condition. The ultimate goals are to move from treating symptomatology to treating disease causation once origin of the disease is better understood and to move from a fee‐for‐service to population‐based accountable healthcare management.
Molecular Diagnostics in Cancer
Authors: Kalachand Roshni D. , Hennessy Bryan T. , Bast Robert C. , Mills Gordon B. 
Published: March 2017

OverviewMolecular diagnostics refers to the use of molecular alterations that are associated with cancers to facilitate detection, diagnosis, monitoring, and/or treatment. Molecular biomarkers have often been studied in cancer tissue but potentially can be assayed in readily available patient samples (saliva, sputum, blood, urine, and feces), thereby minimizing the need for invasive biopsies. Traditional blood biomarkers—CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), PSA (prostate specific antigen), hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), AFP (alpha‐fetoprotein), CA125 and CA15‐3—have been used to monitor response to treatment and to detect disease recurrence. Their clinical utility often depends on the availability of effective treatment for residual or recurrent disease. Early detection requires biomarkers with high sensitivity to detect preclinical and ideally premetastatic disease, as well as high specificity to permit efficient, cost‐effective screening. Two‐stage strategies are often most promising where rising biomarkers trigger imaging or results of imaging are combined with biomarkers to improve positive predictive value. Cancer‐specific genomic aberrations have been identified which guide therapy and predict outcomes in subgroups of patients. Trastuzumab has dramatically altered the outcomes of patients withHER2amplified breast cancers, as have EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) inhibitors in the treatment of metastaticEGFRmutation positive non‐small‐cell lung cancer. As single driver gene aberrations frequently are not sufficient to predict therapeutic responses, gene signatures and multimarker panels incorporating DNA, RNA, and/or protein aberrations are being evaluated as potential effective biomarkers. A panel of multiple biomarkers (OncoType Dx) has proven useful in predicting the need for chemotherapy in addition to hormonal therapy in hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer. As targeted therapies are becoming a reality, so is the predictable emergence of resistance to these therapies, often occurring through gene amplification, secondary mutations, or reactivation of signaling mechanisms downstream from the targeted molecular aberration. The search for molecular biomarkers, the so‐called companion diagnostics, predictive of first‐line therapy resistance and second‐line therapy response, is now inherent to targeted drug development. However, these emerging integrative technologies have yet to benefit the majority of patients with cancer. Interpretation of the extensive number of aberrations identified by high‐throughput technologies, availability of adequate high‐quality tissue, cost, and clinical validation remain significant challenges to developing and implementing effective biomarkers. Strategic use of bioinformatics, international collaboration, development of prospectively collected clinically annotated biobanks containing fresh frozen tissue, and clinical validation in large prospective data sets key to bringing useful molecular biomarkers into clinical practice.
Vaccines and Immunostimulants
Authors: Schlom Jeffery , Gulley James L. , Hodge James W. 
Published: March 2017

OverviewThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration approvals of the prostate cancer therapeutic vaccine sipuleucel‐T, the checkpoint inhibitor anti‐CTLA‐4 and anti‐PD‐L1/PD‐1 monoclonal antibodies, along with the results of recent clinical studies involving cancer vaccines and other immunotherapeutics, have placed immunotherapy into the mainstream of the management of many cancer types. This chapter reviews the various cancer vaccine platforms now under clinical evaluation, the range of potential tumor‐associated antigen vaccine targets, and the use of cancer vaccines in combination with so‐called nonimmune standard‐of‐care therapies as well as other immunotherapeutics. The distinction in the clinical evaluation of cancer vaccines versus more conventional cytotoxic therapies is also discussed.
Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Sharma Padmanee , Subudhi Sumit K. , Peggs Karl , Goswami Sangeeta , Gao Jianjun , Quezada Sergio , Allison James P. 
Published: March 2017

OverviewThe basic principles that guide cancer immunology are immune surveillance, immune editing, and immune tolerance. Rapid increase in the knowledge of the mechanistic details of these basic principles has led to clinical success in the treatment of cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the basic principles and recent advances in the field of basic and clinical immunotherapy that has given credence to the long‐held belief that the immune system can be used to treat cancer. Further, we also focus on the role of combining different types of immunotherapies and other therapeutic modalities in the treatment of cancer.
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Jones Roy , Shpall Elizabeth , Champlin Richard 
Published: March 2017

OverviewHematopoietic cell transplantation is an effective therapy for a variety of hematologic malignancies and selected other cancers, immunodeficiency states, and genetic disorders. Refinement of methods has allowed the application of this technique to older patients as well as the use of human leukocyte antigen mismatched donors and products. While toxic, the majority of these treatments have curative potential for otherwise fatal cancers. The immunotherapeutic activity of allotransplantation provides both therapeutic benefit and lessons for future immune treatments of cancer.
Neoplasms of the Thyroid
Authors: Sherman Steven I. , Cabanillas Maria E. , Lai Stephen Y. 
Published: March 2017

OverviewThyroid carcinomas, particularly, papillary cancers, exhibit increasing incidence but, generally, low risk for mortality. An optimal approach to an undiagnosed thyroid mass relies upon ultrasound characterization and guided fine needle aspiration of lesions at risk for clinically significant malignancy. Given the absence of prospective trials, controversy continues over the most appropriate initial treatment strategy for differentiated carcinoma, including extent of thyroidectomy and neck dissection and use of adjuvant radioiodine. Medullary carcinoma is treated initially with thyroidectomy, central and possible lateral neck dissections, and early evaluation to distinguish sporadic from hereditary disease. Recent developments in systemic, targeted therapies have led to multiple anti‐angiogenic drugs available to treat progressive metastatic differentiated or medullary carcinoma with significant improvement in progression‐free survival, though improvements in overall survival are lacking. In distinct contrast, anaplastic carcinoma remains one of the most fulminantly aggressive malignancies, with limited and generally palliative benefit only from selected use of multimodality therapy with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.