bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of compressive and diametral tensile strength of novel bioactive material with conventional glass ionomer cement and silver amalgam: An in vitro study
Authors: Murali Rao H , Rajkumar Krishnan , Shankar Suryanarayanan , Janani Krishnamachari 
Published: September 2024

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the compressive and tensile strength of two different brands of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), with new zirconia-reinforced GIC and silver amalgam.

Materials and Methodology:
Eighty specimens with 20 samples in each group were prepared (Group 1-Fuji IX GIC, Group 2-FX-II Shofu GIC, Group 3-Amalgam, and Group 4-Zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer [Zirconomer]) for compressive strength (CS) using cylinder molds with dimensions 6.0 mm diameter × 12.0 mm height. Eighty specimens using cylinder molds with dimensions 6.0 mm diameter × 3.0 mm height were prepared for testing diametral tensile strength (DTS). CS test was carried out using Micro Universal Testing Machine (Mecmesin, PPT Group, UK) having a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. DTS was determined using Instron universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. The data were submitted to two-way analysis of varianceand post hoc Tukey tests (alpha = 0.05). The mean CS value was more for Group III (256.2), followed by Group IV (181.2 Megapascals [MPa]), Group II (129.8 MPa), and the least was Group I (117.9 MPa).

Result:
The mean DTS value was high in Group III (73.7 MPa), followed by Group IV (58.0 MPa), Group II (36.0 MPa), and the least was seen in Group I (23.2 MPa).

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that although Zirconomer has mechanical properties greater than that of unmodified GICs, additional studies are essential to evaluate its long-time ability.
Potential application of a combined extract of Channa striata and calcium hydroxide for inhibiting lymphocytes and interleukin-1β cells in the asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Nugroho Juni Jekti , Taha Risnawati , Trilaksana Aries Chandra , Dwiandhany Wahyuni Suci 
Published: September 2024

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining Channa striata extract with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in reducing lymphocyte counts and interleukin (IL)-1β levels in inflamed pulp teeth.

Materials and Methods:
A laboratory experimental setup with a posttest control group (CG) design was employed. Thirty-two rat incisor teeth were divided into four groups: a positive CG (100% Ca(OH)2), treatment 1 (25% C. striata extract + 75% Ca(OH)2), treatment 2 (50% C. striata extract + 50% Ca(OH)2), and treatment 3 (75% C. striata extract + 25% Ca(OH)2). These test materials were applied to Class 1 cavities extending to the pulp roof, with samples collected on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and post hoc least significant difference tests.

Results:
In all the groups, the highest levels of lymphocytes and IL-1β were observed on day 3, followed by a decline on days 5 and 7. The combination of C. striata extract with Ca(OH)2 significantly reduced inflammatory markers, particularly lymphocyte and IL-1β levels.

Conclusion:
The extract of C. striata holds significant potential as an innovative therapeutic approach for managing inflamed dental pulp.
Fracture resistance of postendodontic restoration using self-adhesive bioactive resin and a bulk-fill composite with or without resin-impregnated glass fibers: An in vitro study
Authors: Paul Aishika , Dubey Rohit , Joshi Sonal B. , Patil Anand C. , Narvekar Pranjali S. 
Published: September 2024

Context:
Due to advancements in adhesive technology and the introduction of fiber reinforcement, there has been a paradigm shift towards a more minimally invasive approach in coronal restoration of endodontically treated teeth.

Aims:
This research aimed to evaluate and compare fracture resistance of postendodontic restoration using a self-adhesive bioactive resin and a bulk-fill composite with or without resin-impregnated glass fibers.

Materials and Methods:
Mesio-occlusal-distal cavities were prepared on 80 extracted human maxillary premolars. Root canal treatment was completed following standard access cavity preparation. Then, the teeth were divided into two groups based on the composite used for postendodontic restoration. Group I: Bulk-fill composite (Tetric N-Ceram). Group II: Activa BioActive. Group I and Group II were then divided into two subgroups depending on fiber incorporation (n = 20). Subgroup IA: Bulk-fill composite. Subgroup IB: Bulk-fill composite with fiber incorporation. Subgroup IIA: Activa BioActive. Subgroup IIB: Activa BioActive with fiber incorporation. The force required to fracture the teeth was recorded using the universal testing machine.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple post hoc test.

Results:
Activa BioActive with fiber incorporation showed the highest mean fracture resistance (988.52N). Bulk-fill composite without fiber incorporation had the least mean fracture resistance (669.87N).

Conclusions:
Activa BioActive bulk-fill restorative material when used with the incorporation of resin-impregnated glass fibers can be a preferred material of choice for restoring endodontically treated teeth.
Evaluation of magnesium levels in serum and saliva by calmagite method in individuals with tobacco habits with or without potentially malignant disorders
Authors: Singhal Ishita , Arora Manpreet , Dave Aparna , Bansal Sanjiv K. , Saluja Pulin , Rai Radhika 
Published: September 2024

Aim:
To evaluate and compare the magnesium levels in serum and saliva of individuals with tobacco habits with and without potentially malignant disorders (PMDs).

Materials and Methods:
A total number of 60 patients were taken in the study, which included group A: 20 healthy patients without any tobacco or alcohol habits, without any PMDs, and without any systemic diseases; group B: 20 patients with tobacco habits and without PMDs; and group C: 20 patients with tobacco habits and with PMDs. The serum and salivary samples were collected from the patients and were subjected to magnesium level estimation using the calmagite method. Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro–Wilk W test and Mann–Whitney test.

Results:
The mean salivary magnesium levels were increased in group B (1.442 mg/dl), followed by group C (0.551 mg/dl), and then group A (0.463 mg/dl). The mean serum magnesium levels were increased in group B (1.891 mg/dl), followed by group C (1.608 mg/dl), and then group A (1.589 mg/dl). The salivary and serum magnesium levels were significantly high in patients with tobacco habits and without PMDs compared to the control group. The salivary and serum magnesium levels were significantly decreased in patients with tobacco habits with PMDs compared to the patients with tobacco habits and without PMDs.

Conclusion:
The study established a significant correlation between the salivary and serum magnesium levels in patients with tobacco habits, with or without PMDs, and showed that as the disease progressed, the salivary and serum magnesium levels decreased.
Evaluation of biosafe alternative to eosin in hematoxylin and eosin staining procedure: A comparative study
Authors: Pradeepthi Katakam , Rajani Korlepara , Rao GuttikondaVenkateswara , Sravya Taneeru , Wahed Sarah Abdul , Sailaja Joparti 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Hematoxylin and eosin staining is the globally accepted staining technique for histology and histopathology sections. Hematoxylin is a natural dye as compared to eosin which is a synthetic dye manufactured from chemicals. Eosin acts as a counterstain to hematoxylin giving a sharp contrast to its blue color. Eosin being a chemical, can cause health hazards and environmental pollution. Using eco-friendly materials and going organic is the demand of this era. Curcuma longa rhizomes are proven to contain curcuminoids that exhibit various medicinal properties and curcumin the bright yellow component of the plant, that is, being used as a colorant. This natural dye from C. longa provides a significant alternative to eosin as they are safer to use without health hazards and are biodegradable and have easy disposability.

Aim:
To evaluate and compare the staining qualities of C. longa (turmeric) with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 paraffin-embedded tissue block specimens of various pathological tissues were stained with H and E and hematoxylin and curcumin (H&C). Evaluation and comparison of the staining efficacy were done for all the pathological tissues. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:
H&C staining gave comparable results with H and E staining with a statistically insignificant P value (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Curcumin has shown equivalent staining to that of eosin. Thus, it can be used as a better alternative.
Expression of PTCH gene in ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst: A comparative study
Authors: Srinagesh Sharada , Sahana NS , Suganya G , Renuga S , Natarajan Srikant , Kulkarni Meghashyama 
Published: September 2024

Aim:
This is a cross-sectional comparative study, aimed to quantify the expression of patched (PTCH) gene in ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and also the comparison of both the expressions.

Materials and Methods:
Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted and quantified, and the expression of the PTCH gene was done in 17 cases of ameloblastoma and 17 cases of OKC by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Results:
It was observed that there was an overexpression of the PTCH gene in both ameloblastoma and OKC with a good mean cycle threshold (CT) value of 32.71 ± 2.432 and 34.69 ± 1.875, respectively. When comparing the PTCH expression between the two, ameloblastoma showed higher expression than the OKC and the difference is statistically significant with P value of 0.025.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that there is overexpression of PTCH in ameloblastoma and OKC, but it is highly expressed in ameloblastoma when compared to OKC. Overexpression of PTCH may constitute the activation of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway and may suggest the mechanism for the development of ameloblastoma and OKC. Hence it can be used as a valuable marker for early diagnosis and in the identification of therapeutic targets.
Age estimation using extracted teeth in coastal Karnataka population
Authors: Kavya S , Prabhu Sudeendra , Adyanthya Soniya , Miqdad Syed M. , Abdulla Riaz , Jayarajan Devika 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Age estimation using regressive alterations such as root dentin translucency, PDL attachment, and attrition are easy and reliable way of predicting the age. However, extensive and population-specific formula has not been generated. This attempt was to assess the correlation of these alterations with age and to generate a Linear regressive formula, specific to this population.

Methods and Material:
Three alterations were assessed such as dental attrition, root dentin translucency, and periodontal attachment level from the extracted teeth. Dental attrition was measured using Johanson's and Li and Ji criteria. PDL attachment level and root dentin translucency was measured using the Johanson method and the Lamendin method.

Statistical Analysis:
SPSS software (Version 27), Pearson correlation test, and Linear regressive analysis were used.

Results:
Our results showed all three factors/parameters such as attrition, periodontal ligament, and translucency having a very good correlation with age and correlation coefficient r value ranging from 0.6 to 0.8. All the parameters were having statistically significant correlation with P value <0.005. Among them, root dentin translucency with Johanson G method showed excellent correlation with r = 0.83 followed by PDL attachment by Johanson G method with r = 0.702.

Conclusions:
Regressive changes such as Dentin translucency, PDL attachment and attrition on Coastal Karnataka showed a very good correlation with age. Among them, Dentin translucency by Johanson G method had the best correlation with the a standard error of estimate (SEE). Results of our study indicates that all these parameters [Translucency, PDL attachment, and attrition] can be utilized in age estimation.
Expression of CD 20 B-Lymphocyte in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A comparative immunohistochemistry study
Authors: Thomas Anela , Smitha T , Rao Kavita , Priya N S , Sheethal H S , Chitra S 
Published: September 2024

Background:
As the progressive trends in the field of immunotherapy, it is very favourable to reconsider the role played by B lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment. Both the protumorogenic and antitumorogenic responses have to be evaluated to formulate an effective immunotherapeutic protocol.

Aim and objective:
The study was primarily conducted to assess the qualitative expression of B lymphocytes in pretumorogenic (oral epithelial dysplasia) and tumorogenic environment (oral squamous cell carcinoma). The differential immunohistochemical staining of CD 20 immune marker was assessed in about 60 cases that included 30 cases of oral epithelial dysplasia and 30 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Results:
The study found significant correlation between CD 20 IHC immune expression and histopathological diagnosis along with significant correlation between the subject's age group and histopathological diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Modulating the immune response in a precancerous state can be highly beneficial in implementing better immunotherapeutic strategies to treat or prevent malignancy at an early stage.
Role of hypoxia and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the formation and maintenance of oral cancer stem cells in oral squamous cell carcinomas and metastatic lymph node: An immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Varsha VK , Savita JK , Girish HC , Shyamala K 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Inspite of having advanced treatment modalities the overall survival rate in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains poor. This is considered to be mainly due to local recurrence and distant metastasis. Various studies have concentrated on the role of oral cancer stem cells (OCSCs) in the progression and metastasis of OSCC. However, the role of tumor microenvironment components has been less delved into. Hence clarity on cell biology and metastatic potential OCSCs is essential for the development of more effective anti-cancer treatment.

Aim:
To establish the role of OCSCs in different grades of OSCC and metastatic lymph nodes through the expression of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44). To demonstrate and correlate the role of hypoxia and Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the various grades and metastatic lymph nodes in the formation and maintenance of OCSCs by employing Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 Alpha (HIF 1α) and Snail respectively.

Method and Material:
A total of 36 cases of OSCC, 12 from each grade and 12 normal oral mucosal tissues were included in the study. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for the demonstration of CD44, HIF1α, and Snail.

Statistics:
Descriptive analysis, Chi-square, and Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyze frequency and proportion, to compare expression and correlate between lesion proper and lymph node in each group respectively.

Results:
Significant expression of CD44, HIF1 α, and Snail among advancing grades of OSCC and their metastatic lymph node were observed. A positive correlation was seen between them.

Conclusions:
The prognosis of OSCC can be improved by better understanding and targeting the molecules involved in the formation and maintenance of OCSCs.
Role of MMP1 and MMP10 in local invasion and distant metastasis in different levels of oral squamous cell carcinoma - A immunohistochemical comparative study
Authors: J. K. Savita , V. K. Varsha , H. C. Girish 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are basically a part of a large family of proteolytic enzymes. They play an important role in degrading extracellular matrix and basement membrane, which is a basic mechanism in local invasion and tumour metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemically the expression of MMP1 and MMP10 in tumour invasion locally and at distant levels, including lymph nodes at different levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 50 tissue samples with clinically confirmed OSCC and 15 normal oral mucosal tissues will be included in the study. Immunohistochemical staining will be performed for the demonstration of MMP1 and MMP10 in lesional tissue, perilesional tissue, and lymph nodes of different levels that were evaluated with respect to microscopic features.

Results:
All OSCC cases had MMP1 and MMP10 expression levels. The expression increased as the nodal level increased from level I to level V. This difference was statistically significant at P < 0.001 Both MMPs were not expressed in normal epithelial cells. There was no significant correlation between MMP1 and MMP10 expression.

Conclusion:
This study showed that MMP1 and MMP10 are expressed in the tissues of OSCC and may serve as prognostic indicators for the disease.
Pathogenetic model of survivin-dependent molecular signalling pathways in tumorigenesis of oral cancer and precursor lesions
Authors: Aggarwal Dipanshu , Shetty Devi Charan , Jain Anshi , Gulati Nikita , Juneja Saurabh 
Published: September 2024

Background:
p53 tumour suppressor gene limits unchecked cellular growth in response to DNA damage, by causing G1 arrest and the activation of apoptosis. Inhibitors of apoptosis include survivin which acts by inhibition of caspases. Survivin has a significant role as a cell cycle modulator and is only minimally present in mature tissues. Aberrant expression of p53 and survivin has been evaluated in various carcinomas. Thus, the objective of this research was to elucidate the co-expression of p53 and survivin in tissue samples of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCCs).

Method:
Thirty tissue samples of OPMDs and 30 tissue samples of OSCCs taken from department archives were used in the study. Expression of p53 and survivin was analyzed in the study groups by the help of immunohistochemistry. Also, co-expression of both the markers was evaluated.

Results:
The expression of p53 and survivin in the oral epithelium of patients with OSCCs was significantly higher than that in patients with OPMDs (P value ≤0.05).

Conclusion:
Our results provide insights into the altered survivin and p53 co-expression with significant immunoexpression within the study groups. Therefore, survivin and p53 could be better markers for identifying cell proliferation and apoptotic pathway. Also, malignant transformation rate of OPMD increases with increased expression of these markers.
Comparative evaluation of podoplanin in odontogenic cysts and tumours to determine their proliferative potential—An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Anjum Bushra , Gannepalli Ashalata , Baghirath Pacha V. , Abidullah Mohammed , Penigalapati Sivaram , Ch Gayatri 
Published: September 2024

Context:
Odontogenic cysts and tumours are a wide array of complex pathological entities ranging from mild indolent to aggressive detrimental in nature, which occur as a result of anomalous alterations in normal odontogenesis. Hence, these odontogenic lesions need to be evaluated extensively by using potential immunohistochemical markers.

Aim:
To evaluate and compare the expression of podoplanin, a lymphoendothelial IHC marker in odontogenic cysts and odontogenic tumours to determine their proliferative potential.

Settings and Design:
All the study samples were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, PIDS&RC, Hyderabad. The study samples were selected as per the standard histopathological diagnostic criteria and subjected for IHC analysis using podoplanin.

Method and Materials:
Seventy paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of OKC, OOC, dentigerous cyst (DC) and ameloblastoma (AM) include study sample, which were stained with podoplanin IHC marker and staining properties were evaluated. All the cases were categorized as high, moderate, weak or negatively reactive on the basis of the composite scoring.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 14, and then results were compared by ANOVA post hoc test and Kruskal Wallis Test.

Results:
In the comparison of composite scores of OKCs and AM, there was no significant statistical difference.

Conclusion:
The present study contributes to the significant association of podoplanin expression with cellular proliferation, cystic expansion and local invasiveness of odontogenic cysts and tumours through cytoskeletal reorganization and cell migration.
Reduction of Intubation Requirement in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection from the Fifth Dose of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine
Authors: Mungmunpuntipantip Rujittika , Wiwanitkit Viroj 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
There is still no cure for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is a global emergency. The best choice for disaster management is vaccination. The principal COVID-19 preventive tactic of COVID-19 immunization is now widely accepted. Some scientists are advocating a fifth dosage vaccine in the event of the arrival of a new strain as well as the probable loss of public immunity following routine mass vaccination.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE:
The fifth dose of COVID-19 is typically reported to have successfully avoided mortality, although there is still concern about how to prevent severe COVID-19 cases that necessitate intubation. After receiving the fifth dosage of the COVID-19 vaccine, the authors of this study evaluated an extra protection rate that would reduce the need for intubation in COVID-19 infection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The authors of this study employed a clinical model technique to assess an extra protection rate leading to a decrease in the need for intubation in COVID-19 infection following the fifth dose of COVID-19 vaccine immunization.

RESULTS:
According to the study, just four vaccine doses are required and are highly successful in preventing the need for intubation, thus there is no further benefit in this regard. However, the fifth dose may still be helpful in reducing the risk of contracting COVID-19.

CONCLUSION:
Clinical experiments have proven its efficacy in preventing omicron COVID-19 infection. However, there is no additional benefit in terms of lowering the need for intubation because just four immunization doses are necessary and extremely effective in doing so.