bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of collaborative knowledge building in the co-creation of artifacts: influencing factors and propositions
Authors: Mariano Stefania , Awazu Yukika 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThis paper assesses the role of collaborative knowledge building in the co-creation of artifacts in the knowledge management field.Design/methodology/approachFifty-eight papers published in six knowledge management-related journals were analyzed. The framework for analysis included 13 codes. Studies were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods.FindingsFindings showed that several factors influenced the co-creation of artifacts in collaborative knowledge building. At the micro level, individual motivation, capabilities and reflexivity seemed to play a central role in co-creation processes. At the meso level, teamwork and shared understanding were identified as two key major factors. At the macro level, structural, behavioral and cognitive factors were identified; they included organizational rules and workplace setting, organizational culture and learning and memory. Managerial agency, characteristics of artifacts and knowledge brokers and boundary spanners also seemed to have an influence at the inter-organizational levels of analysis.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has limitations related to scope of contribution, covered time span (17 years) and restrictions in journal subscriptions.Practical implicationsThe study will help managers understand the intricacies of collaborative knowledge building practices to increase organizational overall effectiveness and performance.Originality/valueThis study is a first attempt to systematically assess the role of collaborative knowledge building in the co-creation of artifacts, and therefore, it represents a primary reference in the knowledge management field. It proposes some initial propositions that can guide future empirical studies.
Multiple pathways linking leader-member exchange to work effort
Authors: Lu Xinxin , Sun Jian-Min (James) 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to validate, distinguish, and integrate the multiple mechanisms linking leader-member exchange (LMX) to employee work effort. Taking a multi-foci perspective, the authors propose that organization-based self-esteem (OBSE), supervisory support, and organizational identification each explain unique variance in the LMX-work effort relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected using a two-wave survey among 184 employees from a wide variety of professions, industries, and organizations. Multiple mediation tests and path analysis were conducted to examine the hypotheses.FindingsThe results suggested that when entered simultaneously, OBSE, supervisory support, and organizational identification each explained unique variance in the relationship between LMX at Time 1 and work effort at Time 2.Research limitations/implicationsThe research shows that leaders stimulate employee work effort via multiple foci. The mediating mechanisms of these foci are distinct and unique. It implies that researchers need to take the multiple foci of leadership into account when studying LMX.Originality/valuePrevious studies generally treat LMX as a dyadic construct; the study is among the first to reveal the multiple foci in LMX. By simultaneously examining mechanisms of the individual-, dyad-, and collective-foci, the research substantiates the unique effect of the three mechanisms, and integrates theories in LMX research. Moreover, the research in the Chinese context further validates the effectiveness of LMX in non-western culture, and provides contextual implications.
The effect of emotional quotient on organizational citizenship behavior in some Iranian hospitals
Authors: Rafiei Mojtaba 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of emotional quotient (EQ) on the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of some Iranian hospital staff in 2015. For this purpose, all hospital staff in Zahedan city were studied as the statistical population.

Design/methodology/approach
A randomized sampling method was used, and according to the Morgan Table, the statistical population was calculated as 346. This was a descriptive survey with a correlational and causative nature. Two questionnaires, namely, Bradbury and Graves’ Emotional Quotient and Podsakoff’s Organizational Citizenship Behavior, were used to collect the required information; they were distributed among the respondents after testing their validity and reliability. The people in the studied population were classified into classes that were homogeneous in terms of their properties.

Findings
The results of testing the hypotheses indicate that all the dimensions of EQ have a direct and significant effect on the emergence of OCB among the hospital staff in Zahedan. Finally, the results indicate the effect of EQ on OCB of the hospital staff.

Practical implications
Hospitals should consider emotional capabilities of the staff at the beginning of the employment period, and increase their sociability by inducting an atmosphere of organizational culture based on cooperation and empathy. It is suggested that a guideline of emotional eligibility and OCB be codified, which can influence job promotion and the promotion system. On specific occasions, hospital managers can honor the staff who have made positive and effective relationships in their career, and have achieved the satisfaction of their patients and colleagues by demonstrating extra-role behaviors. Thus, employees will be encouraged to continue this behavior and also provide a model to the staff. Through pre-service or in-service training classes and job seminars on the control of negative emotions and stresses while acquiring the skills of EQ, hospitals and other organizations can create OCB in the staff. As a result, visitor satisfaction would be gained, leading to better performance of hospitals.

Originality/value
It is suggested that a guideline of emotional eligibility and organizational citizenship behavior has to be codified which can affect the job promotion and promotion system. In specific occasions, the hospital managers can honor and pay tribute to the people who have made positive and effective relationships in their career, and have achieved the satisfaction of their patients and colleagues by showing extra-role behaviors.
Turbulent forced convection flow of nanofluids over triple forward facing step
Authors: Hashim Nawar Mohammed Ridha , Yusoff Mohd. Zamri , Mohammed Hussein Ahmed 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to numerically study the phenomenon of separation and subsequent reattachment that happens due to a sudden contraction or expansion in flow geometry, in addition, to investigating the effect of nanoparticles suspended in water on heat transfer enhancement and fluid flow characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach
Turbulent forced convection flow over triple forward facing step (FFS) in a duct is numerically studied by using different types of nanofluids. Finite volume method is employed to carry out the numerical investigations. with nanoparticles volume fraction in the range of 1-4 per cent and nanoparticles diameter in the range 30-75 nm, suspended in water. Several parameters were studied, such as the geometrical specification (different step heights), boundary conditions (different Reynolds [Re] numbers), types of fluids (base fluid with different types of nanoparticles), nanoparticle concentration (different volume fractions) and nanoparticle size.

Findings
The numerical results indicate that the Nusselt number increases as the volume fraction increases, but it decreases as the diameter of the nanoparticles of nanofluids increases. The turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate increase as Re number increases. The velocity magnitude increases as the density of nanofluids decreases. No significant effect of increasing the three steps heights on Nusselt along the heated wall, except in front of first step where increasing the first step height leads to an increase in the recirculation zone size adjacent to it.

Research limitations/implications
The phenomenon of separation and subsequent reattachment happened due to a sudden contraction or expansion in flow geometry, such as forward facing and backward facing steps, respectively, can be recognized in many engineering applications where heat transfer enhancement is required. Some examples include cooling systems for electronic equipment, heat exchanger, diffusers and chemical process. Understanding the concept of these devices is very important from the engineering point of view.

Originality/value
Convective heat transfer can be enhanced passively by changing flow geometry, boundary conditions, the traditional fluids or by enhancing thermal conductivity of the fluid. Great attention has been paid to increase the thermal conductivity of base fluid by suspending nano-, micro- or larger-sized particles in fluid. The products from suspending these particles in the base fluid are called nanofluids. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics over FFS. This study is the first where nanofluids are employed as working fluids for flow over triple FFS.
Defining and classifying migratory habitats as sources and sinks: The migratory pathway approach
Authors: Erickson Richard A. , Diffendorfer Jay E. , Norris D. Ryan , Bieri Joanna A. , Earl Julia E. , Federico Paula , Fryxell John M. , Long Kevin R. , Mattsson Brady J. , Sample Christine , Wiederholt Ruscena , Thogmartin Wayne E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Understanding and conserving migratory species requires a method for characterizing the seasonal flow of animals among habitats. Source‐sink theory describes the metapopulation dynamics of species by classifying habitats as population sources (i.e. net contributors) or sinks (i.e. net substractors). Migratory species may have non‐breeding habitats important to the species (e.g. overwintering or stopover habitats) that traditional source‐sink theory would classify as sinks because these habitats produce no individuals. Conversely, existing migratory network models can evaluate the relative contribution of non‐breeding nodes, but these models make an equilibrium assumption that is difficult to meet when examining real migratory populations.

We extend a pathway‐based metric allowing breeding habitats, non‐breeding habitats and migratory pathways connecting these habitats to be classified as sources or sinks. Rather than being based on whether place‐ or season‐specific births exceed deaths, our approach quantifies the total demographic contribution from a node or migratory pathway over a flexibly defined yet limited time period across an organism's life cycle. As such, it provides a snapshot of a migratory system and therefore does not require assumptions associated with equilibrium dynamics.

We first develop a generalizable mathematical notation and then demonstrate how the metric may be used with two case studies: the common loon (Gavia immer) and Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri). These examples highlight how stressors can impact stopover and wintering habitats (loons) and habitat management targeting migratory pathways can improve population status (trout).

Synthesis and applications. Each of the two case studies presented describes how effects at one location are felt by populations in another through the seasonal flow of individuals. The contribution metric we present should be helpful in allocating regulatory and management attention to times and locations most critical to migratory species persistence.
Contingent maternities? Maternal claims‐making in third party reproduction
Authors: Johnson Katherine M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe new reproductive technologies have significantly impacted definitions of motherhood. Historically, mothers were defined through the act of giving birth, but egg donation, embryo donation, and surrogacy disrupt this. Now multiple women can potentially claim maternity through gestational, genetic, legal, and social ties. Although there is some legal precedent for designating parentage, there is no simple solution to identify the ‘true’ mother. I address maternal claims‐making in third party reproduction via a content analysis of US patient literature for infertile women. Major tensions arise over which link to privilege, especially regarding genetic versus gestational ties in egg donation versus surrogacy; however, adding embryo donation to the analysis illuminates another crucial dimension previously overlooked – that heterosexual women's maternal claims are supported by their partner's paternity claims. Ultimately, I argue that although reproductive organisational discourse carefully constructs credible options for maternal claims‐making, contemporary reproductive medicine does not define maternity through assisted reproduction as a truly autonomous connection. Rather, maternity is highly contingent and thus potentially discreditable.
Depuration and Relaying: A Review on Potential Removal of Norovirus from Oysters
Authors: McLeod Catherine , Polo David , Le Saux Jean‐Claude , Le Guyader Françoise S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPollution of coastal waters can result in contamination of bivalve shellfish with human enteric viruses, including norovirus (NoV), and oysters are commonly implicated in outbreaks. Depuration is a postharvest treatment involving placement of shellfish in tanks of clean seawater to reduce contaminant levels; this review focuses on the efficacy of depuration in reducing NoV in oysters. There have been many NoV outbreaks from depurated oysters containing around 103 genome copies/g oyster tissue, far exceeding the median infectious dose (ID50). Half of the published NoV reduction experiments showed no decrease in NoV during depuration, and in the remaining studies it took between 9 and 45.5 d for a 1‐log reduction—significantly longer than commercial depuration time frames. Surrogate viruses are more rapidly depurated than NoV; the mean number of days to reduce NoV by 1 log is 19, and 7.5 d for surrogates. Thus, surrogates do not appear to be suitable for assessing virological safety of depurated oysters; data on reduction of NoV infectivity during depuration would assist evaluations on surrogate viruses and the impact of methods used. The longer persistence of NoV highlights its special relationship with oysters, which involves the binding of NoV to histo‐blood group‐like ligands in various tissues. Given the persistence of NoV and on‐going outbreaks, depuration as currently performed appears ineffective in guaranteeing virologically safe oysters. Conversely, relaying oysters for 4 wk is more successful, with low NoV concentrations and no illnesses associated with products. The ineffectiveness of depuration emphasizes the need for coastal water quality to be improved to ensure oysters are safe to eat.
Measuring selection when parents and offspring interact
Authors: Thomson Caroline E. , Hadfield Jarrod D. 
Published: June 2017

Summary

Non‐social and social selection gradients are key evolutionary parameters in systems where individuals interact. They are most easily obtained by regressing an individual's fitness on the trait values of the individual and its social partner.

In the context of parental care it is more common to regress the trait value of the parents (i.e. the social partner) on a ‘mixed’ fitness measure that is a function of the parent's and offspring's fitness (for example, the number of recruits, which equals parental fecundity multiplied by offspring survival).

For such an approach to yield correct estimates of net‐selection, the trait must be sex‐limited and not affect the parents’ own survival.

When a trait is not sex‐limited, the non‐social selection should be weighted by one (because all individuals express the trait) and social selection should be weighted by a half (because the relatedness between parents and the offspring they care for is a half, usually). The ‘mixed’ fitness approach does not give estimates of both components of selection and so they cannot be weighted appropriately.

We show that mixed fitness components are frequently used in place of direct fitness measures in the literature (37% of fecundity selection estimates use a mixed fitness approach), but that the frequency is much higher in some taxa, such as birds and mammals.

We suggest alternative methods that could be used to estimate both social and non‐social selection gradients, while at the same time assessing the importance of unmeasured traits.
Influence of dietary fat source on sow and litter performance, colostrum and milk fatty acid profile in late gestation and lactation
Authors: Jin Chao , Fang Zhengfeng , Lin Yan , Che Lianqiang , Wu Caimei , Xu Shengyu , Feng Bin , Li Jian , Wu De 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with various fat sources (3.8–3.9% of diet) during late pregnancy and lactation on the reproductive performance, fatty acids profile in colostrum, milk and serum of sow progeny. A total of 80 multiparous sows were randomly fed a control (adding no oil), palm oil (PO), fish oil (FO) or soybean oil (SO) supplemented diet from 90 days of pregnancy to weaning. Supplementation of FO increased litter size of weak piglets, compared with the control‐fed sows (P < 0.05). Dietary FO and SO supplementation, enhanced the weaning survival rate, litter weaning weight, litter weight gain and fat content in milk (P < 0.05). The highest immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM levels in colostrum and milk were observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the highest concentration of C22:5 (n‐3) and C22:6 (n‐3) in colostrum, milk and piglet serum was observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary inclusion of FO or SO improved growth performance of nursing piglets by increasing milk fat output, and FO consumption by sows might benefit the piglets via increasing n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid availability and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) secretion.
Psychopharmacological treatment of psychotic mania and psychotic bipolar depression compared to non‐psychotic mania and non‐psychotic bipolar depression
Authors: Bjørklund Louise B. , Horsdal Henriette T. , Mors Ole , Gasse Christiane , Østergaard Søren D. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesAn evidence base for the treatment of mania and bipolar depression with psychotic symptoms is lacking. Nevertheless, clinicians may have a preference for treating episodes of bipolar disorder with or without psychotic symptoms in different ways, which is likely to reflect notions of differential efficacy of treatments between these subtypes. This study aimed to investigate whether the psychopharmacological treatment of psychotic and non‐psychotic episodes of mania and bipolar depression, respectively, differs in clinical practice.MethodsWe conducted a register‐based study assessing the psychopharmacological treatment of all individuals receiving their first diagnosis of mania or bipolar depression between 2010 and 2012. The psychopharmacological treatment within 3 months following the time of diagnosis was considered. Potential differences in psychopharmacological treatment between the psychotic and non‐psychotic subtypes of mania and bipolar depression, respectively, were investigated by means of Pearson's χ2 test and logistic regression adjusted for sex and age at diagnosis of bipolar disorder.ResultsA total of 827 patients were included in the analyses. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for treatment with an antipsychotic was 1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18‐2.48, P<.01) for psychotic mania and 3.89 (95% CI: 1.95‐7.76, P<.001) for psychotic bipolar depression. The aOR for treatment with the combination of an antipsychotic and an anticonvulsant was 1.60 (95% CI: 1.06‐2.43, P<.05) for psychotic mania. The aOR for treatment with the combination of an antipsychotic and an antidepressant was 2.50 (95% CI: 1.43‐4.37, P<.01) for bipolar psychotic depression.ConclusionsIt would be of interest to conduct studies evaluating whether antipsychotics represent the superior pharmacological treatment for psychotic mania and psychotic bipolar depression.
Emotion and Achievement During Adolescence
Authors: Pekrun Reinhard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAdolescents frequently experience emotions such as enjoyment, hope, pride, anger, anxiety, shame, or boredom at school. These emotions are often intense and can profoundly affect learning, achievement, and psychological health. Traditionally, these emotions were neglected in research on adolescence, but in the past 15 years, they have gained more attention. In this article, I review studies on the links between emotions and adolescents’ academic achievement. The findings from this emerging field confirm that emotions influence adolescents’ learning, including their attention, motivation, use of learning strategies, self‐regulation of learning, and achievement outcomes. The development of achievement‐related emotions is shaped by adolescents’ appraisals of success and failure, as well as individual factors and social environments influencing these appraisals, including gender, achievement, instructional practices, and test‐taking procedures. In closing, I outline implications for practice and discuss the need for intervention studies targeting achievement emotions.
Influence of a collagen membrane positioned subjacent the sinus mucosa following the elevation of the maxillary sinus. A histomorphometric study in rabbits
Authors: Iida Takahisa , Carneiro Martins Neto Evandro , Botticelli Daniele , Apaza Alccayhuaman Karol Alí , Lang Niklaus P. , Xavier Samuel P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the healing after elevation of the sinus mucosa when a collagen membrane was placed between the sinus mucosa and a xenograft used as filler.Materials and MethodsEighteen rabbits were used. Sinus mucosa elevation was performed bilaterally, and a collagen membrane was applied subjacent to the sinus mucosa only at a randomly selected test site. At both sites, a collagenated corticocancellous porcine bone was placed within the elevated space and the access window was covered with a collagen membrane. The animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, and 8 weeks of healing, six animals for group. Ground sections were prepared.ResultsAt the histomorphometric evaluation, the elevated area after 2 and 8 weeks was 11.8 and 8.8 mm2 at the test, and 10.0 and 5.3 mm2 at the control sites, respectively. The available area was obtained subtracting the remaining area occupied by the membrane from the elevated area and, after 8 weeks, was 6.7 ± 0.9 mm2. After 8 weeks of healing, the mineralized new bone within the elevated space was 18.2 ± 5.5% at the test and 26.7 ± 7.7% at the control sites. Within the available space at the test site, the percentage was 27.3 ± 7.0% after 8 weeks of healing. At 2 and 8 weeks of healing, within the elevated space, the xenograft proportion was 30.9 ± 4.4% and 6.9 ± 2.8% at the test, and 35.2 ± 7.3% and 9.6 ± 4.9% at the control sites, respectively.ConclusionsThe placement of a collagen membrane subjacent the sinus mucosa did not reveal any major morphometric difference. The collagen membrane was not completely resorbed after 8 weeks.