bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplanted Fibroblasts Proliferate in Host Bronchial Tissue and Enhance Bronchial Anastomotic Healing in a Rodent Model
Authors: Vitacolonna Mario , Doyon Fabian , Belharazem Djeda , Tsagogiorgas Charalambos , Hohenberger Peter , Roessner Eric D. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction Healing of airway anastomoses after preoperative irradiation can be a significant clinical problem. The augmentation of bronchial anastomoses with a fibroblast-seeded human acellular dermis (hAD) was shown to be beneficial, although the underlying mechanism remained unclear. Therefore, in this study we investigated the fate of the fibroblasts transplanted to the scaffold covering the anastomosis. Material and methods 32 Fisher rats underwent surgical anastomosis of the left main bronchus. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, they were randomized to receive preoperative irradiation of 20 Gy and augmentation of the anastomosis with a fibroblast-seeded transplant. Fibroblasts from subcutaneous fat of Fischer-344 rat were transduced retrovirally with tdTomato for cell tracking. After 7 and 14 days, animals were sacrificed and cell concentration of transplanted and nontransplanted fibroblasts in the hAD as well as in the bronchial tissue was measured using RT-PCR. Results Migration of transplanted fibroblasts from dermis to bronchus were demonstrated in both groups, irradiated and nonirradiated. In the irradiated groups, there was a cell count of 7 × 104 ± 1 × 104 tomato+-fibroblasts in the bronchial tissue at day 7, rising to 1 × 105 ± 1 × 104 on day 14 (p<0.0001). Tomato+-cell concentration in hAD increased from 6 × 103 ± 1 × 103 at day 7 to 6 × 104 ± 1 × 104 at day 14 (p<0.0001). In the nonirradiated groups, tomato+-cell concentration in bronchus was 4 × 103 ± 1 × 103 on day 7 and 4 × 103 ± 1 × 103 at day 14. In the hAD tomato+ cell concentration rising from 1 × 104 ± 1 × 103 at day 7 to 2 × 104 ± 3 × 103 cells at day 14 (p = 0.0028). Conclusions Transplanted fibroblasts in the irradiated groups proliferate and migrate into the irradiated host bronchial tissue, but not in the nonirradiated groups.
Increased AAA-TOB3 Correlates with Lymph Node Metastasis and Advanced Stage of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Yanfeng , Bu Lina , Li Wei , Wu Wei , Wang Shengyu , Diao Xin , Zhou Jing , Chen Guoan , Yang Shuanying 
Published: June 2017

Background This study was to investigate the differential mitochondrial protein expressions in human lung adenocarcinoma and provide preliminary data for further exploration of the carcinogenic mechanism. Methods Total proteins of A549 and 16HBE mitochondria were extracted through 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The differential mitochondria proteins were identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and were further confirmed by Western blot, immunoelectron microscopy and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in A549 cells as well as lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Results A total of 41 differentially expressed protein spots were found in A549 mitochondria. Of them, 15 proteins were highly expressed and 26 proteins were lowly expressed in the mitochondria of A549 (by more than 1.5 times). Among the 15 more highly expressed proteins, AAA-TOB3 (by more than 3 times) was highly expressed in the mitochondria of A549 compared with the 16HBE, by LC-MS/MS identification. High electron density and clear circular colloidal gold-marked AAA-TOB3 particles were observed in the A549 cells via immunoelectron microscopy. Besides, AAA-TOB3 was confirmed to be elevated in lung adenocarcinoma by Western blot and IHC. Moreover, increased AAA-TOB3 correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced stage of lung adenocarcinoma (p<0.05). Conclusions AAA-TOB3 was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, and the up-regulation of AAA-TOB3 correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced stage of lung adenocarcinoma, which suggested that it could serve as a potential molecular marker for lung adenocarcinoma.
PSMB5 is associated with proliferation and drug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Wei Wensong , Zou Yufeng , Jiang Qihua , Zhou Zhibin , Ding Haolong , Yan Liping , Yang Shixin 
Published: June 2017

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, characterized by advanced disease stage and poor prognosis. Moreover, due to the lack of therapeutic markers, TNBC patients can’t benefit fully from currently available targeted therapies. Methods: To fully understand the molecular basis of TNBC, we used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to screen out the most altered functional module in TNBC, from publicly available microarray data and studied the association of the candidate gene with TNBC development. Results: We found that the proteasome was significantly activated in TNBC. As compared with other breast cancer subtypes and normal tissue, proteasome subunit beta 5 (PSMB5), the key regulator of proteasome function, was overexpressed in TNBC tissue and predictive of poor prognosis. Moreover, we also found that PSMB5 knockdown induced TNBC apoptosis and significantly enhanced cancer cell sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agents bortezomib and paclitaxel. Conclusions: Our results suggest a potential role for PSMB5 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for TNBC.
EpCAM-Expressing Circulating Tumor Cells in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Nicolazzo Chiara , Raimondi Cristina , Francescangeli Federica , Ceccarelli Simona , Trenta Patrizia , Magri Valentina , Marchese Cinzia , Zeuner Ann , Gradilone Angela , Gazzaniga Paola 
Published: June 2017

Background Several studies have raised the issue of the inadequacy of CellSearch® to detect the entire pool of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood of cancer patients, suggesting that cells expressing low levels of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) are not recognized by the capture reagent. In this exploratory study, we aimed to evaluate the status of EpCAM in CTCs isolated from a group of metastatic colorectal cancer patients, in 40% of whom, CTC had been found to be undetected by the CellSearch® system. Methods CTCs were analyzed using both a microfiltration method (ScreenCell) and CellSearch® in parallel. Furthermore, since EpCAM exists in 2 different variants, we investigated the presence of both its intracellular domain (EpICD) and extracellular domain (EpEX) through immunofluorescence staining of CTCs on filters. Results Results from immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated that, overall, EpICD and/or EpEX was expressed in 176 CTCs detected by ScreenCell, while the CellSearch® system was able to capture only 10 CTCs. Conclusions This is the first demonstration that the low sensitivity of CellSearch® to detect CTCs in colorectal cancer patients is not due to the lack of EpCAM.
Effect of in Vitro Enzymatic Degradation on 3D Printed Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Scaffolds: Morphological, Chemical and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Ferreira Joana , Gloria Antonio , Cometa Stefania , Coelho Jorge F.J. , Domingos Marco 
Published: June 2017

Background In recent years, the tissue engineering (TE) field has significantly benefited from advanced techniques such as additive manufacturing (AM), for the design of customized 3D scaffolds with the aim of guided tissue repair. Among the wide range of materials available to biomanufacture 3D scaffolds, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) clearly arises as the synthetic polymer with the greatest potential, due to its unique properties – namely, biocompatibility, biodegradability, thermal and chemical stability and processability. This study aimed for the first time to investigate the effect of pore geometry on the in vitro enzymatic chain cleavage mechanism of PCL scaffolds manufactured by the AM extrusion process. Methods Methods: Morphological properties of 3D printed PCL scaffolds before and after degradation were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was employed to determine possible variations in the crystallinity of the scaffolds during the degradation period. The molecular weight was assessed using Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) while the mechanical properties were investigated under static compression conditions. Results Morphological results suggested a uniform reduction of filament diameter, while increasing the scaffolds’ porosity. DSC analysis revealed and increment in the crystallinity degree while the molecular weight, evaluated through SEC, remained almost constant during the incubation period (25 days). Mechanical analysis highlighted a decrease in the compressive modulus and maximum stress over time, probably related to the significant weight loss of the scaffolds. Conclusions All of these results suggest that PCL scaffolds undergo enzymatic degradation through a surface erosion mechanism, which leads to significant variations in mechanical, physical and chemical properties, but which has little influence on pore geometry.
A New Bioinspired Collagen-Hydroxyapatite Bone Graft Substitute in Adult Scoliosis Surgery: Results at 3-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Giorgi Pietro , Capitani Dario , Sprio Simone , Sandri Monica , Tampieri Anna , Canella Valentina , Nataloni Angelo , Schirò Giuseppe R. 
Published: June 2017

Background Spinal fusion is a common procedure used for surgical treatment of spinal deformity. In recent years, many bone graft substitutes (BGS) have been developed to provide good arthrodesis when the available autologous bone harvested from the patient is not enough. The aim of this study was to analyze the use of a new-generation composite material (RegenOss) made of Mg-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles nucleated on type I collagen to obtain long posterolateral fusion in adult scoliosis surgery. Methods A total of 41 patients who underwent spinal fusion for the treatment of adult scoliosis were retrospectively analyzed. According to Lenke classification, visual analog scale (VAS) score and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, radiographic rates of bone union were evaluated before surgery and at 6, 12 and 36 months of follow-up. Fusion was considered to be successful when criteria for Lenke grade A or B were satisfied. Patient-related risk factors were considered for the evaluation of the final outcome. Results At 36-month follow-up, radiographic evidence of spinal fusion was present in the majority of patients (95.1%). A time-dependent statistically significant improvement was evidenced after surgery for all clinical outcomes evaluated. Based on the demographic data collected, there were no statistically significant factors determining fusion. The correction of deformity was maintained at different time points. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were recorded. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that RegenOss can safely be used to achieve good arthrodesis when associated with autologous bone graft to obtain long spinal fusion in the treatment of adult scoliosis.
Urokinase-Containing Locking Solution in the Prevention of Dialysis Catheter Dysfunction: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bonkain Florence , Van Hulle Freya , Janssens Peter , Catalano Concetta , Allamani Mandelina , Stolear Jean-Claude , Vandervelde Dominique , Libertalis Mark , Treille Serge , Couttenye Marie M. , Dhondt Annemie , Van Biesen Wim , Fils Jean François , Tielemans Christian , Wissing Karl M. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction The prophylactic use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator once weekly reduces the incidence rate of tunneled cuffed catheter (TCC) malfunction and bacteremia as compared to the exclusive use of heparin as locking solution. Restricting the use of prophylactic thrombolytic agents to patients with a history of thrombotic TCC malfunction could be more cost effective. We conduct a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial and test the hypothesis that weekly use of urokinase lock will reduce the incidence of thrombotic malfunction by 50% in prevalent hemodialysis patients with a history of thrombotic malfunction. Methods Patients with a history of at least two separate TCC thrombotic dysfunctions treated with urokinase lock during the 6 months preceding inclusion are recruited in eight Belgian dialysis units. Patients are randomized in two groups: the control group receiving Taurolock™-HEP500 (heparin 500 IU/mL, taurolidine, citrate 4%) after each hemodialysis session and the treatment group receiving Taurolock-U 25,000 (urokinase 25,000, taurolidine, citrate 4%) once a week and the standard Taurolock-HEP500 at the end of the two others sessions. The primary outcome is the incidence rate of TCC thrombotic dysfunction defined by the use of urokinase. The secondary outcomes are the incidence rate of TCC removal and systemic thrombolysis. For the study, both patients and healthcare staff are blinded to treatment allocation. Conclusions The present trial is the first to investigate the effect of Taurolock-U 25,000 catheter lock once a week as secondary prevention in hemodialysis patients with the highest risk of TCC-related thrombotic dysfunction. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02036255
Eleven-year Management of Prostate Cancer Patients on Active Surveillance: What have We Learned?
Authors: Marenghi Cristina , Alvisi Maria Francesca , Palorini Federica , Avuzzi Barbara , Badenchini Fabio , Bedini Nice , Bellardita Lara , Biasoni Davide , Bosetti Davide , Casale Alessandra , Catanzaro Mario , Colecchia Maurizio , De Luca Letizia , Donegani Simona , Dordoni Paola , Lanocita Rodolfo , Maffezzini Massimo , Magnani Tiziana , Menichetti Julia , Messina Antonella , Morlino Sara , Paolini Biagio , Rancati Tiziana , Stagni Silvia , Tesone Antonio , Torelli Tullio , Tulli Baldoin Edoardo , Vaiani Marta , Villa Sergio , Villa Silvia , Zaffaroni Nadia , Nicolai Nicola , Salvioni Roberto , Valdagni Riccardo 
Published: June 2017

Purpose To evaluate the outcomes of active surveillance (AS) on patients with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) and to identify predictors of disease reclassification. Methods In 2005, we defined an institutional AS protocol (Sorveglianza Attiva Istituto Nazionale Tumori [SAINT]), and we joined the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) study in 2007. Eligibility criteria included clinical stage ≤T2a, initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) <10 ng/mL, and Gleason Pattern Score (GPS) ≤3 + 3 (both protocols); ≤25% positive cores with a maximum core length containing cancer ≤50% (SAINT); and ≤2 positive cores and PSA density <0.2 ng/mL/cm3 (PRIAS). Switching to active treatment was advised for a worsening of GPS, increased positive cores, or PSA doubling time <3 years. Active treatment-free survival (ATFS) was assessed using the ­Kaplan-Meier method. Factors associated with ATFS were evaluated with a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results A total of 818 patients were included: 200 in SAINT, 530 in PRIAS, and 88 in personalized AS monitoring. Active treatment-free survival was 50% after a median follow-up of 60 months. A total of 404/818 patients (49.4%) discontinued AS: 274 for biopsy-related reclassification, 121/404 (30%) for off-protocol reasons, 9/404 (2.2%) because of anxiety. Biopsy reclassification was associated with PSA density (hazard ratio [HR] 1.8), maximum percentage of core involvement (HR 1.5), positive cores at diagnostic biopsy (HR 1.6), older age (HR 1.5), and prostate volume (HR 0.6) (all p<0.01). Patients from SAINT were significantly more likely to discontinue AS than were the patients from PRIAS (HR 1.65, p<0.0001). Conclusions Five years after diagnosis, 50% of patients with early PCa were spared from active treatment. Wide inclusion criteria are associated with lower ATFS. However, at preliminary analysis, this does not seem to affect the probability of unfavorable pathology.
Incorporating the Study of Knowledge into the IPE Mainstream, or, When Does a Trade Agreement Stop Being a Trade Agreement?
Authors: Haggart Blayne 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The treatment of knowledge—most notably commodified knowledge—as a source and vector of power potentially is a key blind spot in our understanding of the global political economy. This article offers a theoretical framework, based on the work of Susan Strange, for considering the relationship between what she called the “knowledge structure” and the other key sources of political and economic power—security, production, and finance. This framework is applied to the Trans-Pacific Partnership, demonstrating how a direct focus on knowledge governance reveals power relations and economic effects that are otherwise obscured.
The Curious Case of Monopoly Rights as Free Trade: The TPP and Intellectual Property and Why It Still Matters
Authors: Halbert Debora J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Using the framework of a knowledge structure as conceptualized by Susan Strange, this article addresses the loss of flexibilities in international intellectual property (IP) regimes and the corresponding global criminalization of IP as serious topics of concern. The knowledge structure of IP frames a very specific type of global political economy. First, Strange's approach to international political economy as it relates to IP is developed. Second, a brief history of global IP as a trade-related issue is discussed, including the current status of the Transpacific Partnership. Finally, some future trends that may suggest global shifts in the knowledge structure worth watching are investigated.
Gradient phonological relationships: Evidence from vowels in French
Authors: Stevenson Sophia , Zamuner Tania 
Published: June 2017

The dichotomy of contrastive and allophonic phonological relationships has a long-standing tradition in phonology, but there is growing research that points to phonological relationships that fall between contrastive and allophonic. Measures of lexical distinction (minimal pair counts) and predictability of distribution were applied to Laurentian French vowels to quantify three degrees of contrast between pairs: high, mid, and low contrast. According to traditional definitions, both the high and mid contrast pairs are classified as phonologically contrastive, and low contrast pairs as allophonic. As such, a binary view of contrast (contrastive vs. non-contrastive) predicted that high and mid contrast pairs would pattern together on tasks of speech perception, and low contrast pairs would show a different pattern. The gradient view predicted all vowel pairs would fall along a continuum. Thirty-two speakers of Laurentian French participated in two experiments: an AX task and a similarity rating task. The results did not support a strict binary interpretation of contrast, since the high, mid, and low contrast vowel pairs pattern differently across the experiments. Instead, the results support a gradient view of phonological relationships. This article is part of the special collection: Marginal Contrasts
Comparación de opciones para inteligencia de negocios en los principales sistemas gestores de bases de datos del mercado
Authors: Aguilar Romero Marvin Josue , Rodríguez García José Luis 
Published: June 2017

El tener información en tiempo y forma es una de las mayores exigencias de hoy en día en todos los ámbitos para la toma de decisiones esto lleva a las instituciones a tener que invertir en sistemas de información robustos para inteligencia de negocios los cuales a su vez requieren de diversas tecnologías dispuestas de manera eficiente para el procesamiento de la información, debido a las múltiples herramientas existentes en las organizaciones lograr unificar las estructuras de datos es tarea compleja y costosa, sin embargo el uso de un sistema gestor de bases de datos que preste la mayoría de los servicios necesarios para un modelo de inteligencia de negocios supone una disminución en el uso de los recursos. En la medida que el tiempo pasa se denota la influencia de la información al momento de tomar una decisión que afecte tanto el modelo de negocio así como la organización e interoperabilidad de una institución, así como también se denota cada vez más el acuñamiento y cimentación de la inteligencia de negocios dentro del diario vivir de las instituciones
Hipótesis sobre la convergencia económica: una revisión de los enfoques utilizados
Authors: Rabanal Cristian 
Published: June 2017

El propósito de este artículo es realizar una diferenciación de las hipótesis alternativas que habitualmente se realizan sobre la convergencia, a partir de una revisión de los principales procedimientos metodológicos propuestos. Asimismo, se revisa la evidencia empírica que soporta a cada una de ellas. Si bien actualmente todas las metodologías continúan siendo ampliamente utilizadas, se observa un marcado interés por parte de los investigadores en el estudio de las técnicas espaciales que permitan incluir fenómenos derivados de la dependencia espacial, tales como efectos umbrales y externalidades.
Tectonic tremor and LFEs on a reverse fault in Taiwan
Authors: Aguiar Ana C. , Chao Kevin , Beroza Gregory C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe compare low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) from triggered and ambient tremor under the southern Central Range, Taiwan. We apply the PageRank algorithm used by Aguiar and Beroza (2014) that exploits the repetitive nature of the LFEs to find repeating LFEs in both ambient and triggered tremor. We use these repeaters to create LFE templates and find that the templates created from both tremor types are very similar. To test their similarity, we use both interchangeably and find that most of both the ambient and triggered tremor match the LFE templates created from either data set, suggesting that LFEs for both events have a common origin. We locate the LFEs by using local earthquake P wave and S wave information and find that LFEs from triggered and ambient tremor locate to between 20 and 35 km on what we interpret as the deep extension of the Chaochou‐Lishan Fault.
Modeling wave attenuation by salt marshes in Jamaica Bay, New York, using a new rapid wave model
Authors: Marsooli Reza , Orton Philip M. , Mellor George 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUsing a new rapid‐computation wave model, improved and validated in the present study, we quantify the value of salt marshes in Jamaica Bay—a highly urbanized estuary located in New York City—as natural buffers against storm waves. We augment the MDO phase‐averaged wave model by incorporating a vegetation‐drag‐induced energy dissipation term into its wave energy balance equation. We adopt an empirical formula from literature to determine the vegetation drag coefficient as a function of environmental conditions. Model evaluation using data from laboratory‐scale experiments show that the improved MDO model accurately captures wave height attenuation due to submerged and emergent vegetation. We apply the validated model to Jamaica Bay to quantify the influence of coastal‐scale salt marshes on storm waves. It is found that the impact of marsh islands is largest for storms with lower flood levels, due to wave breaking on the marsh island substrate. However, the role of the actual marsh plants, Spartina alterniflora, grows larger for storms with higher flood levels, when wave breaking does not occur and the vegetative drag becomes the main source of energy dissipation. For the latter case, seasonality of marsh height is important; at its maximum height in early fall, S. alterniflora causes twice the reduction as when it is at a shorter height in early summer. The model results also indicate that the vegetation drag coefficient varies 1 order of magnitude in the study area, and suggest exercising extra caution in using a constant drag coefficient in coastal wetlands.