bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrographical and Thermo-chemical Investigation of some North East Indian High Sulphur Coals
Authors: Sharma Arpita , Saikia Binoy K. , Phukan Sarat , Baruah Bimala P. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
The Tertiary North East Indian coals, classified as sub-bituminous rank, have found less industrial application owing to their physico-chemical attributes. These coals are characterized by low ash (&lt;15%), high volatile matter (&gt;35%) and high sulphur (2.9-4.46%). Majority of the sulphur occurs in organic form affixed to the coal matrix owing to marine influence, is difficult to remove. The coal maceral analysis shows the dominance of vitrinite (&gt;75%) with lesser amounts of liptinite and inertinite. Reflectance measurements (Rmax) of these sub-bituminous coals fall in the range of 0.57 to 0.65. In this study, the petrographical (maceral), thermal and other physico-chemical analyses of some low rank Tertiary sub-bituminous coals from north-east India were carried out to assess their potential for combustion, liquefaction and coal bed methane formation. The petrofactor, conversion (%) and oil yield (%), combustion efficiency of the coal samples were determined. The respective linear correlations of conversion (%) of the coals with their vitrinite contents, petrofactor and oil yield values have been discussed. The relative combustion efficiency of the coals was measured from the thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) of coals. The influence of maceral composition upon gas adsorption characteristics of these high volatile coals showed the increase in methane adsorption with vitrinite enrichment. Both the maceral and mineral matter contents were observed to have important influence on the gas adsorption characteristics.
Some Fossil Margaretta (Ascophora:Bryozoa) from the Cenozoic Sediments of Western Kachchh, Gujarat
Authors: Sonar M. A. , Gaikwad S. G. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
Four species of Schizoporellid (family Margarettidae Harmer, 1957) Bryozoa are described from the Cenozoic sediments of the Western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Among these Margaretta amplipora, and M. hariparensis are new to science and the other species viz; M. guhai nom. nov. and M. rajui Guha & Gopikrishna, 2007 are reported for the second time from these sediments. The erect delicate articulated zoarial growth forms of these species indicate shallow water, moderate to high energy settings. The phylogenetic analysis suggests all the species of Margaretta are monophyletic i.e. all of these species have common ancestor.
Heavy Mineral Studies on Late Quaternary Red Sediments of Bhimunipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, East Coast of India
Authors: Krishna K. N. Murali , Reddy K. S. N. , Sekhar CH. Ravi , Naidu K. Bangaku , Rao P. Ganapathi , Reddy G. V. R. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
Thirty one sediment samples from different varieties viz. yellow, reddish brown, brick red and light yellow sands from red sediments of Bhimunipatnam, Andhra Pradesh were studied to understand the heavy mineral assemblage, their fractionwise distribution and concentration. The heavy mineral assemblage in red sediments is ilmenite, magnetite, sillimanite, garnet, zircon, rutile, kyanite, monazite etc. Total heavy minerals (THM) wt. % varies from 16.67 to 23.99% and their concentration is not uniform in all the sedimentary samples. The higher THM wt% in brick red sands (23.99%) followed by reddish brown sands (20.24%), light yellow sands (17.10%) and yellow sands (16.67%). The finer fractions have more concentration of THM wt% than coarse fraction. The vertical distribution of heavy minerals in each sedimentary unit indicates that these units are not formed in single phase of deposition. Less concentration of garnets in yellow and light yellow sedimentary units indicates that the garnets might be chemically altered into iron hydroxide – limonite which gives yellow colour to the sediments under slightly oxidizing environment. Low concentration of garnets in brick red and reddish brown sediments indicates that garnets might have been undergone chemical decomposition under acidic conditions leads to produce iron oxides (Hematite) causes for red colorization of these units. The heavy mineral assemblage in different sand units indicates that they are derived from Eastern Ghat Group of rocks (khondalites and charnockites).
Interpretation of Airborne Geophysical Data of Nsukka Area, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Obiora Daniel N. , Ossai Mirianrita N. , Okeke Francisca N. , Oha Andrew I. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
Airborne geophysical (aeromagnetic and gravity) data of Nsukka area was interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively with the aim of determining the susceptibilities of rock types, depth/mass of the anomalous bodies, possible cause of the anomalies and type of mineralization prevalent in the area. The estimated depths from forward and inverse modeling of aeromagnetic data for profiles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 1200m, 1644m, 1972m, 2193m and 2285m respectively. The respective susceptibility values were 0.0031, 0.0073, 1.4493, 0.0069 and 0.0016. These indicate dominance of iron rich minerals like limonite, hematite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite and forms lateritic caps on sandstones. SPI depth result ranges from 151.6m minimum (shallow magnetic bodies) to 3082.7 m maximum (deep lying magnetic bodies). Euler depths for the four different structural index (SI = 0.5, 1, 2, 3) ranges from 7.99 to 128.93m which are depths of shallow magnetic sources resulting from lateritic bodies in the outcrops in the study area. From the gravity data interpretation, Euler depth estimation reveals that depth to anomalous bodies ranges from 89.13 to 2296.92m. Density of the causative body obtained from modeling results for profile 1 was 1498kg/m3, which is in the range of clay material and the depth was about 923m. From models 2, 4 and 5, the densities of the causative bodies were 3523, 4127 and 3707kg/m3, while depths to the surface were about 604, 815 and 1893m respectively. These density ranges correspond to that of ironstone. From model three, the density of causative body obtained was 2508kg/m3, located at a depth of about 268m below the surface. This work has shown that Nsukka area is underlain by thick strata of shales, sandstones and ironstones, which together are suitable for ceramic production, and sufficiently thick sediments suitable for hydrocarbon accumulation.
The Critically Endangered Myanmar snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus strykeri found in the Salween River Basin, China
Authors: Yang Yin , Tian Ying-Ping , He Chen-Xiang , Huang Zhipang , Dong Shao-Hua , Wang Bin , Li Guang-Song , Xiang Zuo-Fu , Long Yong-Cheng , Xiao Wen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Myanmar snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus strykeri was discovered in 2010 on the western slopes of the Gaoligong Mountains in the Irrawaddy River basin in Myanmar and subsequently in the same river basin in China, in 2011. Based on 2 years of surveying the remote and little disturbed forest of the Gaoligong Mountains National Nature Reserve in China, with outline transect sampling and infrared camera monitoring, a breeding group comprising > 70 individuals was found on the eastern slopes of the Gaoligong Mountains in the Salween River Basin. Given the Critically Endangered status of this primate (a total of < 950 individuals are estimated to remain in the wild), efforts to protect the relatively undisturbed habitat of this newly discovered population and to prevent hunting are essential for the long-term survival of this species.
Surviving Online Censorship in China: Three Satirical Tactics and their Impact
Authors: Lee Siu-yau 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhat accounts for online satirical campaigns that survive censorship in China where the state has formidable power to censor and manipulate online communication? Through comparative case studies of three attempts to challenge the policies or malpractices of the Chinese state in 2009, this article explains how different satirical tactics can influence the outcomes of online activism. It argues that online satirical campaigns are most likely to survive when activists adopt the tactic of “parodic satire,” whereby activists mimic a specific practice of the state and skilfully transplant it to other contexts. Since the language used by the activists resembles that of the powerful, the tactic allows netizens to exaggerate the internal contradictions of the policies or practices concerned without creating an easily identifiable symbol of resistance in the process. This tactic not only increases the cost to the state of censoring critical messages, but also restrains activists from extending their criticisms of the original subject to other areas. As a result, it increases the chance for the activists to exert insistent pressure on the state.
Compensation of Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)-Basics and Paramedics
Authors: Studnek Jonathan R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this paper is to identify factors associated with compensation for Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)-Basics and Paramedics and assess whether these associations have changed over the period 1999-2008.MethodsData obtained from the Longitudinal EMT Attributes and Demographic Study (LEADS) surveys, a mail survey of a random, stratified sample of nationally certified EMT-Basics and Paramedics, were analyzed. For the 1999-2003 period, analyses included all respondents providing Emergency Medical Services (EMS). With the addition of a survey in 2004 about volunteers, it was possible to exclude volunteers from these analyses.ResultsOver 60% of EMT-Basics reported being either compensated or noncompensated volunteers in the 2004-2008 period. This was substantially and significantly greater than the proportion of EMT-Paramedic volunteers (<25%). The EMT-Paramedics earned significantly more than EMT-Basics, with differentials of $11,000-$18,000 over the course of the study. The major source of earnings disparity was type of organization: respondents employed by fire-based EMS agencies reported significantly higher earnings than other respondents, at both the EMT-Basic and EMT-Paramedic levels. Males also earned significantly more than females, with annual earnings differentials ranging from $7,000 to $15,000.ConclusionsThere are a number of factors associated with compensation disparities within the EMS profession. These include type of service (ie, fire-based vs. other types of agencies) and gender. The reasons for these disparities warrant further investigation.StudnekJR. Compensation of Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)-Basics and Paramedics. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(Suppl. 1):s87–s95.
The relationship between food insecurity and overweight/obesity differs by birthplace and length of US residence
Authors: Ryan-Ibarra Suzanne , Sanchez-Vaznaugh Emma V , Leung Cindy , Induni Marta 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether the cross-sectional association between food insecurity and overweight/obesity varied according to birthplace and length of residence in the USA among California women.DesignUsing cross-sectional, population-based data from the California Women’s Health Survey (CWHS) 2009–2012, we examined whether the association between food insecurity and overweight or obesity varied by birthplace–length of US residence.SettingCalifornia, USA.SubjectsWomen (n16 008) aged 18 years or older.ResultsAmong US-born women, very low food security (prevalence ratio (PR)=1·21; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·31) and low food security (PR=1·19; 95 % CI 1·10, 1·28) were significantly associated with higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, after controlling for age, marital status, race/ethnicity, poverty and education. Among immigrant women who lived in the USA for 10 years or longer, very low food security was significantly associated with higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, after controlling for covariates (PR=1·16; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·27). Among immigrant women who had lived in the USA for less than 10 years, low and very low food security were not significantly associated with overweight/obesity, after controlling for covariates.ConclusionsFood insecurity may be an important pathway through which weight may increase with longer US residence among immigrant women. Public health programmes and policies should focus on increasing food security for all women, including immigrant women, as one strategy to reduce the prevalence of overweight/obesity.
The Galactic Club or Galactic Cliques? Exploring the limits of interstellar hegemony and the Zoo Hypothesis
Authors: Forgan Duncan H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Zoo solution to Fermi's Paradox proposes that extraterrestrial intelligences (ETIs) have agreed to not contact the Earth. The strength of this solution depends on the ability for ETIs to come to agreement, and establish/police treaties as part of a so-called ‘Galactic Club’. These activities are principally limited by the causal connectivity of a civilization to its neighbours at its inception, i.e. whether it comes to prominence being aware of other ETIs and any treaties or agreements in place. If even one civilization is not causally connected to the other members of a treaty, then they are free to operate beyond it and contact the Earth if wished, which makes the Zoo solution ‘soft’. We should therefore consider how likely this scenario is, as this will give us a sense of the Zoo solution's softness, or general validity. We implement a simple toy model of ETIs arising in a Galactic Habitable Zone, and calculate the properties of the groups of culturally connected civilizations established therein. We show that for most choices of civilization parameters, the number of culturally connected groups is >1, meaning that the Galaxy is composed of multiple Galactic Cliques rather than a single Galactic Club. We find in our models for a single Galactic Club to establish interstellar hegemony, the number of civilizations must be relatively large, the mean civilization lifetime must be several millions of years, and the inter-arrival time between civilizations must be a few million years or less.
From Settlement to Super-diversity: The Anglican Church and New Zealand’s Diversifying Population
Authors: Butcher Andrew 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAnglicanism in New Zealand can be traced back to the beginning of New Zealand settlement itself. From its earliest days, the Anglican Church has deliberately set out to bridge divides between New Zealand’s indigenous population, Māori, and Europeans, though with mixed success. This article will illustrate that, even with this experience in bicultural engagement, the Anglican Church has not adapted well to the super-diverse multicultural New Zealand of the twenty-first century. Census data reveal that the Anglican Church has had a precipitous drop in numbers, and has a demographic profile that is much older and whiter than the general New Zealand, let alone Christian, population. This poses significant challenges for its ongoing sustainability. Given the common experience of super-diversity with other Western countries, this article provides a case study and a cautionary tale about the challenges and realities of the Anglican Church adjusting to a new multicultural society.
Experimental investigation of thermophysical properties of eutectic Mo–C, graphite and tantalum at high temperatures
Authors: Senchenko V N , Belikov R S , Popov V S 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
An experimental technique based on fast electrical heating for investigation of thermophysical properties of refractory materials under high pressures and at high temperatures is considered. A set of thermophysical properties of refractory materials such as specific enthalpy, specific heat capacity, specific resistivity, melting heat of eutectic Mo-C and thermal expansion of graphite and tantalum were determined. The obtained temperature of eutectic melting of MoC0.82 shows close agreement with equilibrium Mo-C phase diagram.
Rheology of liquid n-triacontane: Molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Kondratyuk N D , Norman G E , Stegailov V V 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Molecular dynamics is applied to calculate diffusion coefficients of n-triacontane C30H62 using Einstein-Smoluchowski and Green-Kubo relations. The displacement 〈Δr2〉(t) has a subdiffusive part 〈Δr2〉 ∼ t
α, caused by molecular crowding at low temperatures. Longtime asymptotes of 〈v(0)v(t)〉 are collated with the hydrodynamic tail t-3/2 demonstrated for atomic liquids. The influence of these asymptotes on the compliance of Einstein-Smoluchowski and Green-Kubo methods is analyzed. The effects of the force field parameters on the diffusion process are treated. The results are compared with experimental data.
Ablation of gold irradiated by femtosecond laser pulse: Experiment and modeling
Authors: Ashitkov S I , Komarov P S , Zhakhovsky V V , Petrov Yu V , Khokhlov V A , Yurkevich A A , Ilnitsky D K , Inogamov N A , Agranat M B 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We report on the ablation phenomena in gold sample irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses of moderate intensity. Dynamics of optical constants and expansion of a heated surface layer was investigated in a range from picosecond up to subnanosecond using ultrafast interferometry. Also morphology of the ablation craters and value of an ablation threshold (for absorbed fluence) were measured. The experimental data are compared with simulations of mass flows obtained by two-temperature hydrodynamics and molecular dynamics methods. Simulation shows evolution of a thin surface layer pressurized by a laser pulse. Unloading of the pressurized layer proceeds together with electron-ion thermalization, melting, cavitation and spallation of a part of surface liquid layer. The experimental and simulation results on two-temperature physics and on a fracture, surface morphology and strength of liquid gold at a strain rate ∼ 109 s-1 are discussed.
Equation of state of dense hydrogen plasma
Authors: Gabdullin M T , Ramazanov T S , Ismagambetova T N , Otarbay Zh Y 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this paper, dense non-ideal, non-isothermal plasma is considered. Effective screened interaction potentials taking into account the quantum-mechanical diffraction effect have been used. Pair correlation functions were studied in the exponential approximation. Thermodynamic properties for hydrogen plasma were calculated using the analytical expressions derived from these effective potentials.
Inference of evolutionary jumps in large phylogenies using Lévy processes
Authors: Duchen Pablo , Leuenberger Christoph , Szilágyi Sándor M. , Harmon Luke , Eastman Jonathan , Schweizer Manuel , Wegmann Daniel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhile it is now widely accepted that the rate of phenotypic evolution may not necessarily be constant across large phylogenies, the frequency and phylogenetic position of periods of rapid evolution remain unclear. In his highly influential view of evolution, G. G. Simpson supposed that such evolutionary jumps occur when organisms transition into so called new adaptive zones, for instance after dispersal into a new geographic area, after rapid climatic changes, or following the appearance of an evolutionary novelty. Only recently, large, accurate and well calibrated phylogenies have become available that allow testing this hypothesis directly, yet inferring evolutionary jumps remains computationally very challenging. Here, we develop a computationally highly efficient algorithm to accurately infer the rate and strength of evolutionary jumps as well as their phylogenetic location. Following previous work we model evolutionary jumps as a compound process, but introduce a novel approach to sample jump configurations that does not require matrix inversions and thus naturally scales to large trees. We then make use of this development to infer evolutionary jumps inAnolislizards and Loriini parrots where we find strong signal for such jumps at the basis of clades that transitioned into new adaptive zones, just as postulated by Simpson's hypothesis.
A genetic risk score to guide age-specific, personalized prostate cancer screening
Authors: Seibert Tyler M. , Chieh Fan Chun , Wang Yunpeng , Zuber Verena , Karunamuni Roshan , Kellogg Parsons J. , Eeles Rosalind A. , Easton Douglas F. , Kote-Jarai ZSofia , Amin Al Olama Ali , Benlloch Garcia Sara , Muir Kenneth , Gronberg Henrik , Wiklund Fredrik , Aly Markus , Schleutker Johanna , Sipeky Csilla , Tammela Teuvo LJ , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Nielsen Sune F. , Weischer Maren , Bisbjerg Rasmus , Andreas Røder M. , Iversen Peter , Key Tim J. , Travis Ruth C. , Neal David E. , Donovan Jenny L. , Hamdy Freddie C. , Pharoah Paul , Pashayan Nora , Khaw Kay-Tee , Maier Christiane , Vogel Walther , Luedeke Manuel , Herkommer Kathleen , Kibel Adam S. , Cybulski Cezary , Wokolorczyk Dominika , Kluzniak Wojciech , Cannon-Albright Lisa , Brenner Hermann , Cuk Katarina , Saum Kai-Uwe , Park Jong Y. , Sellers Thomas A. , Slavov Chavdar , Kaneva Radka , Mitev Vanio , Batra Jyotsna , Clements Judith A. , Spurdle Amanda ,   Australian Prostate Cancer BioResource, Teixeira Manuel R. , Paulo Paula , Maia Sofia , Pandha Hardev , Michael Agnieszka , Kierzek Andrzej , Karow David S. , Mills Ian G. , Andreassen Ole A. , Dale Anders M. ,   The PRACTICAL consortium
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundProstate-specific-antigen (PSA) screening resulted in reduced prostate cancer (PCa) mortality in a large clinical trial, but due to a high false-positive rate, among other concerns, many guidelines do not endorse universal screening and instead recommend an individualized decision based on each patient’s risk. Genetic risk may provide key information to guide the decisions of whether and at what age to screen an individual man for PCa.MethodsGenotype, PCa status, and age from 34,444 men of European ancestry from the PRACTICAL consortium database were analyzed to select single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with prostate cancer diagnosis. These SNPs were then incorporated into a survival analysis to estimate their effects on age at PCa diagnosis. The resulting polygenic hazard score (PHS) is an assessment of individual genetic risk. The final model was validated in an independent dataset comprised of 6,417 men with screening PSA and genotype data. PHS was calculated for these men to test for prediction of PCa-free survival. PHS was also combined with age-specific PCa incidence data from the U.S. population to generate a PCa-Risk (PCaR) age that relates a given man’s risk to that of the population average. PHS and PCaR age were evaluated for prediction of positive predictive value (PPV) of PSA screening.FindingsPHS calculated from 54 SNPs was very highly predictive of age at PCa diagnosis for men in the validation set (p =10−53). PPV of PSA screening varied from 0.18 to 0.52 for men with low and high genetic risk, respectively. PHS modulates PCa-free survival curves by an estimated 20 years between men in the 1st or 99th percentiles of genetic risk.InterpretationPolygenic hazard scores give personalized genetic risk estimates and can inform the decisions of whether and at what age to screen a man for PCa.FundingDepartment of Defense #W81XWH-13-1-0391