bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐Precious Metal Catalysts Prepared By Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: The Ligand Influence to Morphology and Performance
Authors: Barkholtz H. M. , Chong L. , Kaiser Z. B. , Liu D. J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA new, “one‐pot” synthesis to produce highly active non‐PGM electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells was previously developed by pyrolyzing Fe doped zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) materials prepared by solid‐state interaction. Excellent catalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities were found through rotating ring‐disk electrode (RRDE) and single fuel cell tests. In this study, we compared the ORR activities and structural properties of two catalysts derived from ZIFs containing imidazole and methyl imidazole ligands, respectively. Our results indicate that alkyl group substitution in the imidazolate ligand has a profound effect on the final catalyst performance.
Improvement of the Ohmic Loss Process Model of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Niya S. M. Rezaei , Phillips R. K. , Hoorfar M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe impedance characteristics of the ohmic overpotential of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are studied analytically using the process modeling approach. The water transport in the membrane, the cathode catalyst layer, and gas diffusion layer are analyzed. The analytical relation of the impedance of the ohmic loss is determined and is converted to an equivalent circuit. Then, the impedance of a PEM fuel cell is measured experimentally in different current densities, operating temperatures and the anode and cathode relative humidities. The measured impedances are compared with the predicted ones from the analytical model. It is shown that the predicted impedance characteristics are in great agreement with the measured ones in all different operating conditions.
Abnormal functional connectivity and cortical integrity influence dominant hand motor disability in multiple sclerosis: a multimodal analysis
Authors: Zhong Jidan , Nantes Julia C. , Holmes Scott A. , Gallant Serge , Narayanan Sridar , Koski Lisa 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFunctional reorganization and structural damage occur in the brains of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) throughout the disease course. However, the relationship between resting‐state functional connectivity (FC) reorganization in the sensorimotor network and motor disability in MS is not well understood. This study used resting‐state fMRI, T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted, and magnetization transfer (MT) imaging to investigate the relationship between abnormal FC in the sensorimotor network and upper limb motor disability in people with MS, as well as the impact of disease‐related structural abnormalities within this network. Specifically, the differences in FC of the left hemisphere hand motor region between MS participants with preserved (n = 17) and impaired (n = 26) right hand function, compared with healthy controls (n = 20) was investigated. Differences in brain atrophy and MT ratio measured at the global and regional levels were also investigated between the three groups. Motor preserved MS participants had stronger FC in structurally intact visual information processing regions relative to motor impaired MS participants. Motor impaired MS participants showed weaker FC in the sensorimotor and somatosensory association cortices and more severe structural damage throughout the brain compared with the other groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that regional MTR predicted motor disability beyond the impact of global atrophy whereas regional grey matter volume did not. More importantly, as the first multimodal analysis combining resting‐state fMRI, T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted and MTR images in MS, we demonstrate how a combination of structural and functional changes may contribute to motor impairment or preservation in MS. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4262–4275, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxytocin enhances cognitive control of food craving in women
Authors: Striepens Nadine , Schröter Franziska , Stoffel‐Wagner Birgit , Maier Wolfgang , Hurlemann René , Scheele Dirk 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn developed countries, obesity has become an epidemic resulting in enormous health care costs for society and serious medical complications for individuals. The homeostatic regulation of food intake is critically dependent on top‐down control of reward‐driven food craving. There is accumulating evidence from animal studies that the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is involved in regulating hunger states and eating behavior, but whether OXT also contributes to cognitive control of food craving in humans is still unclear. We conducted a counter‐balanced, double‐blind, within‐subject, pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging experiment involving 31 healthy women who received 24 IU of intranasal OXT or placebo and were scanned twice while they were exposed to pictures of palatable food. The participants were instructed either to imagine the immediate consumption or to cognitively control the urge to eat the food. Our results show a trend that OXT specifically reduced food craving in the cognitive control condition. On the neural level, these findings were paralleled by an increase of activity in the middle and superior frontal gyrus, precuneus, and cingulate cortex under OXT. Interestingly, the behavioral OXT effect correlated with the OXT‐induced changes in the prefrontal cortex and precuneus. Collectively, the present study provides first evidence that OXT plays a key role in the cognitive regulation of food craving in women by strengthening activity in a broad neurocircuitry implicated in top‐down control and self‐referential processing. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4276–4285, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conservation, Innovation, and Bias: Embryonic Segment Boundaries Position Posterior, but Not Anterior, Head Horns in Adult Beetles
Authors: Busey Hannah A. , Zattara Eduardo E. , Moczek Armin P. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe integration of form and function of novel traits is a fundamental process during the developmental evolution of complex organisms, yet how novel traits and trait functions integrate into preexisting contexts remains poorly understood. Here, we explore the mechanisms by which the adult insect head has been able to integrate novel traits and features during its ontogeny, focusing on the cephalic horns of Onthophagus beetles. Specifically, using a microablation approach we investigate how different regions of the dorsal head of adult horned beetles relate to their larval and embryonic counterparts and test whether deeply conserved regional boundaries that establish the embryonic head might also facilitate or bias the positioning of cephalic horns along the dorsal adult head. We find that paired posterior horns—the most widespread horn type within the genus—are positioned along a border homologous to the embryonic clypeolabral (CL)–ocular boundary, and that this placement constitutes the ancestral form of horn positioning. In contrast, we observed that the phylogenetically much rarer anterior horns are positioned by larval head regions contained firmly within the CL segment and away from any major preexisting larval head landmarks or boundaries. Lastly, we describe the unexpected finding that ablations at medial head regions can result in ectopic outgrowths bearing terminal structures resembling the more anterior clypeal ridge. We discuss our results in the light of the developmental genetic mechanisms of head formation in holometabolous insects and the role of co‐option in innovation and bias in developmental evolution.
A Single Chance to Contact Multiple Targets: Distinct Osteocyte Morphotypes Shed Light on the Cellular Mechanism Ensuring the Robust Formation of Osteocytic Networks
Authors: Fritz Alan , Bertin Ariana , Hanna Patricia , Nualart Francisco , Marcellini Sylvain 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe formation of the complex osteocytic network relies on the emission of long cellular processes involved in communication, mechanical strain sensing, and bone turnover control. Newly deposited osteocytic processes rapidly become trapped within the calcifying matrix, and, therefore, they must adopt their definitive conformation and contact their targets in a single morphogenetic event. However, the cellular mechanisms ensuring the robustness of this unique mode of morphogenesis remain unknown. To address this issue, we examined the developing calvaria of the amphibian Xenopus tropicalis by confocal, two‐photon, and super‐resolution imaging, and described flattened osteocytes lying within a woven bone structured in lamellae of randomly oriented collagen fibers. While most cells emit peripheral and perpendicular processes, we report two osteocytes morphotypes, located at different depth within the bone matrix and exhibiting distinct number and orientation of perpendicular cell processes. We show that this pattern is conserved with the chick Gallus gallus and suggest that the cellular microenvironment, and more particularly cell–cell contact, plays a fundamental role in the induction and stabilization of osteocytic processes. We propose that this intrinsic property might have been evolutionarily selected for its ability to robustly generate self‐organizing osteocytic networks harbored by the wide variety of bone shapes and architectures found in extant and extinct vertebrates.
Analysis of Cell Size in the Gastrula of Ten Frog Species Reveals a Correlation of Egg with Cell Sizes, and a Conserved Pattern of Small Cells in the Marginal Zone
Authors: Vargas Alexandra , Del Pino Eugenia M. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTWe investigated the relationship between egg and cell sizes in the early gastrula of ten species of frogs with eggs of 1,100–3,500 μm diameters. We asked whether differences in cell size of the vegetal region, blastocoel roof, and marginal zone of the early gastrula were associated with egg size. Alternatively, we proposed that cell size differences may associate with gastrulation characteristics. The analyzed species were as follows: Xenopus laevis, Engystomops randi, Engystomops coloradorum, Espadarana callistomma, Epipedobates machalilla, Epipedobates anthonyi, Epipedobates tricolor, Dendrobates auratus, Gastrotheca riobambae, and Eleutherodactylus coqui. A positive correlation between egg and cell size was detected in the three regions of the gastrula. The correlation was strong in the vegetal region and blastocoel roof, and weak in the marginal zone. Large eggs allowed the evolution of frog terrestrial reproductive modes by storing nourishment for the developing embryos. Large cells, laden with yolk, occur in the vegetal region. However, small cell size characterized the marginal zone and blastocoel roof. We proposed that small cells of the marginal zone are required for involution and blastopore formation. The evolution pressure toward small cells in the marginal zone contributed to maintain the blastopore as a universal feature of frog gastrulation in eggs of different sizes and gastrulation modes. Our comparative analysis revealed two fundamental and conserved properties of the frog early gastrula, the correlation of egg with cell sizes, and the general small size of cells in the marginal zone.
Rapid biodegradation of aflatoxin B1 by metabolites of Fusarium sp. WCQ3361 with broad working temperature range and excellent thermostability
Authors: Wang Cuiqiong , Li Zhongyuan , Wang Hui , Qiu Haiyan , Zhang Minghui , Li Shuang , Luo Xuegang , Song Yajian , Zhou Hao , Ma Wenjian , Zhang Tongcun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDContamination of food and feed by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) poses serious economic and health problems worldwide, so the development of biological methods for effective AFB1 degradation is strongly required.RESULTSAmong three AFB1‐degrading microorganisms isolated from moldy peanut, Fusarium sp. WCQ3361 could remove AFB1 extremely effectively, with a degradation ratio of 70.20% after 1 min and 95.38% after 24 h. Its degradation ratio was not much affected by temperature change (0–90 °C) and it also displayed excellent thermostability, maintaining 99.40% residual activity after boiling for 10 min. Since protease K could reduce the AFB1 degradation ratio by 55.15%, it is proposed that the effective component for AFB1 degradation is a protein. The AFB1 degradation ability of Fusarium sp. WCQ3361 was further verified by feed stock detoxification and the MTT test with HepG2 cells. In addition, no degradation products were detected by preliminary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, suggesting that AFB1 might be metabolized to products with different chemical characteristics from AFB1.CONCLUSIONFusarium sp. WCQ3361 is the first reported AFB1 degradation fungus belonging to the genus Fusarium with broad working temperature range, excellent thermostability and high activity, which provides a potential highly useful solution for dealing with AFB1 contamination in the human diet and animal feed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Fermented goat milk improves antioxidant status and protects from oxidative damage to biomolecules during anemia recovery
Authors: Moreno‐Fernandez Jorge , Diaz‐Castro Javier , Alférez María JM , Boesch Christine , Nestares Teresa , López‐Aliaga Inmaculada 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional problems in the world, and it is accepted that reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is altered during IDA. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of fermented goat and cow milks on enzymatic antioxidant activities and gene expression, and their role in protecting from oxidative damage during anemia recovery.RESULTSAfter feeding the fermented milks‐based diets (cow or goat), a significant elevation of some antioxidant endogenous enzymes was found, together with an increase in total antioxidant status (TAS), and a decrease in 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) was recorded in animals consuming fermented goat milk‐based diet. In contrast, DNA strand breaks, hydroperoxides, 15‐F2t‐isoprostanes and protein carbonyl groups were lower in some tissues in animals fed fermented goat milk‐based diet, revealing an improvement in both systemic and cellular antioxidant activity of plasma and tissues due to fermented goat milk consumption.CONCLUSIONFermented goat milk consumption induces a protective increase in TAS together with lower oxidative damage biomarkers, revealing that the milk protects main cell bioconstituents (lipids, protein, DNA, prostaglandins) from evoked oxidative damage during anemia recovery. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of olive ripening degree and crusher typology on chemical and sensory characteristics of Correggiolo virgin olive oil
Authors: Morrone Lucia , Pupillo Sabrina , Neri Luisa , Bertazza Giampaolo , Magli Massimiliano , Rotondi Annalisa 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, two types of crusher, hammer and blade, were used to produce olive oils from cv. Correggiolo olives at four stages of ripeness, to analyse the effect of these two factors on oil quality indices (free acidity, peroxide value, UV absorption), on phenolic compounds content and sensory profiles. Differences in chemical and sensory data were analysed by two‐way ANOVA.RESULTSRipeness exerted a stronger influence than the crushing equipment on quality indices, phenolic content and sensory evaluation; moreover the statistical significance of interaction between the factors considered suggests that they are intertwined. Differences in the texture of olive pastes obtained by squashing and crushing were clearly evident at the first stage of ripeness via observation with a scanning electron microscope. The stronger mechanical action of the hammer crusher also produced smaller pit fragments compared to the blade crusher, as shown by particle size analysis of the kernels fragments.CONCLUSIONKnowledge about the interaction between ripening and crushing will allow olive oil producers to pursue a product of the quality most suitable for a particular type of consumer. For example, bitterness and pungency, characters recently connected with health effects because sensory markers of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols, do not have a great sensory appeal for most consumers; however, there is a niche of gourmet estimators interested in these peculiar flavours and ready to pay a premium price for them. The producer will be able to customise the EVOO by modulating its chemical and sensory characteristics, especially the phenolic fraction, thus addressing the needs of consumers with different tastes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Enzymatic extraction and characterisation of a thermostable collagen from swim bladder of rohu (Labeo rohita)
Authors: Gaurav Kumar Pal , Nidheesh Thadathil , Govindaraju Karadka , Jyoti  , Suresh Puthanveetil Velappan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fish swim bladder is considered as a potential source of realistic collagen. Currently, processing of the Indian major carp rohu (Labeo rohita) generates an enormous quantity of non‐edible by‐products, including swim bladders, which are discarded as waste with no commercial value. In the present study, collagen was prepared from rohu swim bladder and its physicochemical and fibril‐forming capacities were assessed.RESULTSThe collagen isolated from rohu swim bladder was characterised as type I, containing α1 and α2 chains with triple helical structure by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis. The extracted collagen denaturation temperature was found to be 42.16 °C by differential scanning calorimetry analysis and also exhibited a high solubility in the presence of low NaCl concentrations (0–0.6 mol L−1). The extracted collagen exhibited a high fibril‐formation capacity at a NaCl concentration of 1.5 mol L−1. Examination of the microstructure of collagen by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a porous, sheet‐like film and a multilayered structure. The fibril formation capacity of collagen was also confirmed using SEM analysis.CONCLUSIONThe rohu swim bladder type I collagen was successfully extracted using an enzymatic method with a yield of 465.2 g kg−1 (dry weight basis) and was characterised as a well maintained triple helical structure. The extracted collagen exhibited a high fibril‐forming ability. The results of the present study confirm that utilisation of rohu swim bladder will open up a new avenue for the better disposal of by‐products and also help to minimise environmental pollution issues. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
3D interactive system based on vision computing of direct‐flective cameras
Authors: Li Xuan , Chen Chun‐Ho , Huang Yi‐Pai 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA bare‐finger 3D interactive technology for portable devices was developed. Using directive‐flective cameras to reform the field of viewing, a blind working range close to the camera is eliminated. Moreover, the algorithm of vision computing, different from skin color detection, is presented to determine the positions of fingertips. The interactive range is workable from 1.5 to 50 cm above the entire surface of the display. The mean position error of less than 1 cm is achieved. This accuracy realizes a camera‐based 3D interactive system allowing for near‐distance functionality. Therefore, floating 3D images can be touched and interacted with, potentially creating more application and intuitive user‐machine interface.
Prenatal presentation of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia – a report of two sibs
Authors: Saleh Maha , Miron Ioana , Al‐Rukban Hadeel , Chitayat David , Nezarati Marjan M. 
Published: July 2016

What's Already Known About This Topic?

There are no publications linking prenatally detected hepatic arteriovenous malformations (AVM) with the diagnosis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). To date only one case series reported symptomatic neonatal hepatic AVMs, none of which were detected prenatally.
What Does This Study Add?

We report two siblings with molecularly confirmed HHT who presented with symptomatic hepatic AVMs, one of which was detected prenatally. This report suggests that prenatal or neonatal hepatic AVMs merit evaluation for HHT.
Recent advances in nanofibrous assemblies based on β‐sheet‐forming peptides for biomedical applications
Authors: Waku Tomonori , Tanaka Naoki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAmyloid fibrils are supramolecular polymers with β‐sheet‐rich structures formed by polymerization of protein/peptide with intermolecular interaction. Amyloid fibrils have been miscast as toxic villains since they have historically been studied as pathogens associated with serious diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. However, recent studies on their toxicity and formation mechanism and discovery of their functionality in nature correct the misconception and strongly facilitate the possible use of β‐sheet‐forming peptides in designing novel nanomaterials. Self‐assembly based on β‐sheet‐forming peptides can provide highly ordered nanostructures under certain conditions. Therefore, ingenious design of the building block peptides allows the construction of nano‐assemblies, which contain large quantities of bio‐functional molecules, including drugs and bioactive peptides, and exhibit unique properties, such as assembly or disassembly in response to external stimulus or specific molecules. These properties provide a novel strategy for the creation of innovative nanomaterials, especially for biomedical applications. Here, we describe recent progress in the biomedical application of fibrous assemblies based on β‐sheet‐forming peptides, such as the suppression of aberrant protein aggregation, controlled release, tissue engineering and other applications. This review focuses not only on the function of the nanofibrous assemblies but also on the functions of component molecules, namely amyloidogenic peptides. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Polymerization of ethylene using a series of binuclear and a mononuclear Ni (II)‐based catalysts
Authors: Khoshsefat Mostafa , Zohuri Gholam Hossein , Ramezanian Navid , Ahmadjo Saeid , Haghpanah Meisam 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTA novel series of homo‐, bi‐, and mononuclear Ni(II)‐based catalysts (BNCn n = 1–4, MNC4) were used for ethylene polymerization. The optimum conditions for the catalyst BNC4 (the highest catalytic activity) was obtained at [Al]/[Ni]=2000/1, Tp = 42 °C, and tp = 20 min that was 1073 g PE/mmol Ni h. In theoretical study, steric and electronic effects of substituents and diimine backbone led to prominent influence on the catalyst behavior. The highest MV was resulted from polymerization using BNC4; however, the highest unsaturation content was obtained from BNC1. GPC analysis showed a broad MWD (PDI = 17.8). BNC1 and BNC2 in similar structures showed broad peaks in DSC thermogram, while BNC3 and BNC4 with more electronic effects showed a peak along with a wide shoulder. Monomer pressure increasing showed enhancing in activity of the BNC4, meanwhile a peak with shoulder to a single peak in DSC thermogram and uniformity in morphology of the resulted polymer were observed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3000–3011