bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of length and weight on survival after heart transplantation in children less than 24 months of age
Authors: McKee Christopher , Tumin Dmitry , Hayes Don , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAdults, older children, and adolescent patients with a BMI categorized as overweight or obese have decreased survival after HTx. Anthropometric correlates of survival after HTx in infants have not been well defined. In a retrospective analysis of the UNOS registry, patients age 0‐24 months were classified according to the WHO height‐for‐age and weight‐for‐age norms, as well as arbitrary BMI‐for‐age percentiles. Outcomes of 1‐year survival, conditional long‐term survival, and cause‐specific mortality were examined. Infants with stunted growth according to the WHO definition had increased risks of early mortality, late mortality, and death due to graft failure after HTx. Secondary analysis of first‐year survival demonstrated increased mortality in children who were underweight according to weight‐for‐age, but a survival disadvantage in the highest BMI‐for‐age category, likely due to short recumbent length leading to relatively high BMI values. Stunted growth relative to WHO standards predicts mortality following heart transplant in children less than 2 years of age. The association between post‐transplant mortality and high BMI‐for‐age, as demonstrated in older cohorts, was observed in the infant cohort only due to stunting, and not due to overweight classification.
Kinds of Authenticity
Authors: Newman George E. , Smith Rosanna K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe concept of authenticity plays an important role in how people reason about objects, other people, and themselves. However, despite a great deal of academic interest in this concept, to date, the precise meaning of the term, authenticity, has remained somewhat elusive. This paper reviews the various definitions of authenticity that have been proposed in the literature and identifies areas of convergence. We then outline a novel framework that organizes the existing definitions of authenticity along two key dimensions: (i) describing the type of entity that is evaluated and (ii) describing the source of information that is consulted. We argue that this convergence across a number of papers, and more importantly, across a number of domains, reflects significant progress in articulating the meaning(s) of authenticity. We conclude by suggesting new avenues for research in this area, with particular attention toward psychological process.
Insulin‐like receptor substrate gene chico regulates octopamine metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Adonyeva Natalya V. , Burdina Elena V. , Rauschenbach Inga Yu. , Menshanov Petr N. , Gruntenko Nataly E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOctopamine, one of the main insect biogenic amines, plays an important role in the control of fitness in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. The present study examines the effects of a null mutation of the gene of the insulin‐like receptor substrate (chico), in the heterozygous state, on octopamine metabolism, heat stress resistance and fecundity of D. melanogaster. A rise in the activity of one of the key enzymes of octopamine synthesis, tyrosine decarboxylase, as well as that of an enzyme of its degradation, octopamine‐dependent N‐acetyl transferase, is observed in chico1/+ females. It is also found that the resistance to heat stress is decreased and fecundity is reduced dramatically in chico1/+ flies. Such changes in these parameters in D. melanogaster females result from a rise in octopamine titre, which suggests that chico affects the octopamine level by regulating the activity of tyrosine decarboxylase.
Progress in the development of subunit vaccines for gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants
Authors: Matthews J. B. , Geldhof P. , Tzelos T. , Claerebout E. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe global increase in anthelmintic resistant nematodes of ruminants, together with consumer concerns about chemicals in food, necessitates the development of alternative methods of control for these pathogens. Subunit recombinant vaccines are ideally placed to fill this gap. Indeed, they are probably the only valid option for the long‐term control of ruminant parasitic nematodes given the increasing ubiquity of multidrug resistance in a range of worm species across the world. The development of a subunit multicellular parasite vaccine to the point of practical application would be a groundbreaking step in the control of these important endemic infections of livestock. This review summarizes the current status of subunit vaccine development for a number of important gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle and sheep, with a focus on the limitations and problems encountered thus far, and suggestions as to how these hurdles might be overcome.
Is the Turnout Function in Democracies and Nondemocracies Alike or Different?
Authors: Stockemer Daniel 
Published: October 2016

Are the turnout functions in democracies and nondemocracies different beasts that cannot be compared or are there more similarities than differences in the constituents of electoral turnout in the two universes of cases? Interested in this question, I compare electoral turnout in democracies and nondemocracies. Based on a large‐scale dataset, which includes data for over 540 elections over an 18‐year period (1994–2012), I find distinct patterns in the predictors of turnout across the two regime types. One the one hand, my results indicate that the influence of institutions such as compulsory voting or electoral rules is alike in democracies and nondemocracies. However, the same cannot be said for contextual factors such as corruption or electoral closeness, whose influence fundamentally differs in the two settings.Related Articles

Kostadinova, Tatiana. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 691‐714. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00194.x/abstract

Stockemer, Daniel, and
Stephanie Parent. 2014. “.” Politics & Policy 42 (): 221‐245. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12067/abstract

Caillier, James. 2010. “.” Politics & Policy 38 (): 1015‐1035. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00267.x/abstract
Related Media
. 2016. http://www.idea.int/vt/viewdata.cfm

Schmitter, Philippe C., and
Terry Lynn Karl. 1991. Short excerpt from “What Democracy Is… and Is Not.” Journal of Democracy (Summer). http://www.bu.edu/washington/files/2015/01/Schmitter-and-Lynn-What-Democracy-Is-and-Is-Not.pdf
The Shadowboxer: The Obama Administration and Foreign Policy Grand Strategy
Authors: Lasher Kevin J. , Sixta Rinehart Christine 
Published: October 2016

President Obama's foreign policy grand strategy can be described by the termsshadowboxingorshadowboxer. Shadowboxing is a technique that boxers use to practice, sparring with imaginary opponents or attacking shadows in preparation for the real fight. Similarly, President Obama attacks covert threats but rarely responds to visible or viable threats. Like a practicing boxer, President Obama is fighting the murky shadows while refusing to engage the main stage in the international arena. Obama's foreign policy grand strategy consists of the following five tenets. (1) Modest Retrenchment in Foreign Policy Spending. (2) Rebuilding America's Reputation: The Anti‐Thesis of George W. Bush. (3) Multilateralism. (4) Nonintervention and Avoiding “Boots on the Ground.” (5) Assertive Counterterrorism.Related ArticlesQuinn,Adam.2007. “.”Politics & Policy35():522–547.Haar,Roberta.2010. “.”Politics & Policy38():965–990.Farnsworth,Stephen, andS. RobertLichter.2013. “.”Politics & Policy41():447–463.Related Media“The Obama Doctrine: American Grand Strategy Today.”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j4DJalBPNgc“Inside the Mind of a President.”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OM8qoXoQhL4“The New Internationalism: The Case for Restraint – Barry Posen”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGfvVc3UJUo
State‐Sponsored Health Insurance and State Economic and Employment Growth
Authors: Malloy Liam C. , Pearson‐Merkowitz Shanna , Morris Irwin L. 
Published: October 2016

While there is a clear relationship between better health and better economic outcomes, the effects of increasing health insurance on the economy remain understudied. We employ two datasets, one on health insurance coverage in the contiguous 48 U.S. states and one for countries in the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development, to model the effect of expanding health insurance on state and country economic and employment growth over the last two decades. We find that increased health insurance coverage of the working age population, especially through government programs like Medicaid, is associated with faster gross domestic product and employment growth. However, we also find that these results may be contingent on controlling the per‐enrollee cost of these programs. These findings are informative for future health insurance reforms both federally and in the U.S. states.Related Articles

Bernick, Ethan M., and
Nathan Myers. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 131‐159. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111.1747-1346.2011.00340.x/abstract

Kreier, Rachel. 2006. “.” Politics & Policy 34 (): 579‐605. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2006.00029.x/abstract

Mcgrath, Robert J. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 3 (): 309‐336. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00174.x/abstract
Related MediaCBO Report. https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/114th‐congress‐2015‐2016/reports/50252‐Effects_of_ACA_Repeal.pdfOriginal CEA Report. http://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/CEA_Health_Care_Report.pdfJohn Oliver on Medicaid Expansion. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5d3nASKtGasRobert Wood Johnson Foundation on Medicaid Expansion. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGEU0a75tiw
Abalone growth and associated aspects: now from a metabolic perspective
Authors: Venter Leonie , Loots Du Toit , Vosloo Andre , Jansen van Rensburg Peet , Lindeque Jeremie Zander 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWorldwide, there are approximately 100 Haliotis species, more commonly known as abalone or ‘Paua’ in New Zealand, ‘Venus's‐ears’ in Greece, ‘Awabi’ in Japan, ‘Perlemoen’ in South Africa and ‘Ormers’ in Europe. Regardless of what they are called in any part of the world, a high monetary value is coupled to this animal, because it is largely considered a seafood delicacy. Subsequently, a great deal of research primarily focused on improving the health and growth rates of abalone were carried out to maximise productivity of the commercial farming efforts in various countries. In this review, we comprehensively describe the most recent available scientific literature on abalone biology, and those aspects related to the growth of this organism; more specifically, those factors related to the uptake and breakdown of metabolic products which ensures long‐term growth. We subsequently discuss this in terms of basic animal design, farming outcomes, feeding, cellular growth mechanisms and the unique metabolic processes that exist in these species. Using this information and the knowledge of the metabolic processes in other organisms, we additionally make a number of new hypotheses regarding how these metabolic processes may function in terms of abalone growth. Based on the information presented in this review, we also identify major research opportunities and gaps in the existing knowledge of abalone metabolism, which when elucidated may not only serve the purpose of better understanding these organisms growth but also could potentially lead to increased productivity of the abalone commercial farming sector.
Form as Structure: It's not so Simple
Authors: Renz Graham 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHylomorphism is the theory that objects are composites of form and matter. Recently it has been argued that form is structure, or the arrangement of an object's parts. This paper shows that the principle of form cannot be ontologically exhausted by structure. That is, I deny form should be understood just as the arrangement of an object's parts. I do so by showing that structure cannot play the role form is supposed to in a certain domain of objects, specifically, in mereological simples. Thus, I show that Hylomorphism does not reduce to Structuralism. I also draw out some important consequences from my argument for Hylomorphism in general.
Bronchoscopy assessment of acute respiratory failure in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Arcadu Antonella , Moua Teng 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveAcute respiratory failure (ARF) in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recommended assessment for acute exacerbation (AE) of ILD includes exclusion of secondary causes via fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Our aim is to assess the role of bronchoscopy during ARF‐ILD.MethodsConsecutive ILD patients (2002–2014) hospitalized with ARF who underwent bronchoscopy were included. Baseline demographics, underlying ILD diagnoses and presenting clinical features were reviewed. Characteristics of bronchoscopy including diagnostic findings, management and complications were collated.ResultsOne hundred and six patients accounted for 119 unique bronchoscopies. Sixteen (13%) were abnormal (12 infections and 4 haemorrhages). Baseline presenting clinical features did not differ between those with and without abnormal findings. About half were performed in an intensive care unit (ICU) (53%), with 25% of bronchoscopies performed in a general floor setting resulting in ICU transfer; 71% of whom resulted in immediate mechanical ventilation. Overall management of ARF in those with positive bronchoscopy findings was similar to those without, resulting in similar in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionBronchoscopy in the clinical assessment of ARF‐ILD is often performed with only a 13% yield in this large retrospective cohort. As management and in‐hospital mortality were similar, routine diagnostic bronchoscopy in ARF‐ILD should be further studied given its low yield and high procedural risk.
First‐time pregnant women's experiences of their body in early pregnancy
Authors: Bergbom Ingegerd , Modh Carin , Lundgren Ingela , Lindwall Lillemor 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThe body of first‐time pregnant women is affected in many ways, and the women may not know what to expect. Conversations between women and healthcare personnel about women's bodily experience in early pregnancy can contribute to increased body knowledge, which may have a positive impact in later stages of their pregnancy and in relation to delivery. The aim of the study was to describe first‐time pregnant women's experiences of their body in early pregnancy (pregnancy weeks 10–14).MethodTwelve women were asked to draw pictures and answer questions freely about their experiences of their first pregnant body. Hermeneutical text interpretation was used to obtain an overall view of the experiences.FindingsA main theme emerged: ‘the body is connected to the cycle of life’. This theme comprised five subthemes: ‘bodily longing and a sense of ambivalence’, ‘being doubtful’, ‘welcoming changes in body and mind’, ‘feeling inner strength and struggle to find strength’ and ‘accepting a different body and mind’. This main theme and the subthemes were further interpreted and were understood as an experience of ‘me and my body’.ConclusionsThe body reminded the women to take care of it and gave rise to positive thoughts. When the body exhibited uncomfortable reactions and sensations, these were taken as evidence of pregnancy, which was also seen positive but it also triggered a sense of dissatisfaction with the body and a feeling of it becoming alien.
The Coniacian–Santonian sedimentary record in southern Tanzania (Ruvuma Basin, East Africa): Planktonic foraminiferal evolutionary, geochemical and palaeoceanographic patterns
Authors: Petrizzo Maria Rose , Jiménez Berrocoso Álvaro , Falzoni Francesca , Huber Brian T. , Macleod Kenneth G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA 101 m thick stratigraphically complete late Coniacian–early Santonian (ca89 to 83 Ma) sedimentary sequence drilled in Tanzania (Tanzania Drilling Project Site 39) allows, for the first time, examination of the planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and evolution, the depositional history, and geochemical patterns of the subtropical–tropical Indian Ocean region. The sedimentary succession corresponds to an outer shelf to upper slope setting and is dominated by calcareous clayey siltstones and mudstones. The occurrences of Tethyan marker species enable application of the tropical biozonation including identification of theDicarinella concavataandDicarinella asymetricaZones. In addition, Tanzania Drilling Project Site 39 is proposed as reference section for the Coniacian/Santonian boundary in the Indian Ocean with the boundary placed at the lowest occurrence ofGlobotruncana linneianain agreement with the Global Stratotype Section and Point (Spain). The record at Tanzania Drilling Project Site 39 provides a unique opportunity to document the planktonic foraminiferal evolution in a subtropical marginal sea environment during a key period in their evolutionary history characterized by a major radiation among the deep‐dwelling taxa. Combined documentation of lithological and geochemical changes (%CaCO3, %Corg,δ13Ccarbandδ18Ocarb) reveals a setting influenced by continental‐derived nutrients in theDicarinella concavataZone (Lindi Formation) with a change to higher carbonate production and reduced surface water primary productivity in the overlyingDicarinella asymetricaZone (Nangurukuru Formation). Planktonic foraminiferal assemblage changes mirror the depositional and geochemical trends and indicate a progressive shift from a more eutrophic to a more oligotrophic regime through time. At the local scale, this palaeoceanographic scenario is consistent with the deepening of coastal Tanzania in response to the Late Cretaceous marine transgression registered in south‐east Tanzania. Because the tectonic evolution and sea‐level rise along the East Africa continental margin is superimposed on the Coniacian–Campanian global long‐term sea‐level high, this study hypothesizes that the epicontinental invasion of blue waters may have favoured radiation among deep‐dwelling taxa.
Immune Response of Healthy Adults to the Ingested Probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota
Authors: Harbige L. S. , Pinto E. , Allgrove J. , Thomas L. V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDaily ingestion of a probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS; 1.3 × 1010 live cells) by healthy adults for (1) 4‐week LcS, (2) 6‐week discontinuation of LcS and (3) a final 4 weeks of LcS was investigated. There was a significant increase in expression of the T cell activation marker CD3+CD69+ in ex vivo unstimulated blood cells at weeks 10 and 14, and there was a significant increase in the NK cell marker CD3+CD16/56+ in ex vivo unstimulated blood cells at weeks 4, 10 and 14. Expression of the NK cell activation marker CD16/56+CD69+ in ex vivo unstimulated blood cells was 62% higher at week 10 and 74% higher at week 14. Intracellular staining of IL‐4 in ex vivo unstimulated and PMA‐/ionomycin‐stimulated CD3+ β7+ integrin blood cells was significantly lower at weeks 10 and 14. Intracellular staining of IL‐12 in ex vivo unstimulated and LPS‐stimulated CD14+ blood cells was significantly lower at weeks 4, 10 and 14. Intracellular staining of TNF‐α in LPS‐stimulated CD14+ blood cells was significantly lower at weeks 4, 10 and 14. Mucosal salivary IFN‐γ, IgA1 and IgA2 concentrations were significantly higher at week 14, but LcS did not affect systemic circulating influenza A‐specific IgA or IgG and tetanus‐specific IgG antibody levels. In addition to the decrease in CD3+β7+ integrin cell IL‐4 and a reduced CD14+ cell pro‐inflammatory cytokine profile, at week 14 increased expression of activation markers on circulating T cells and NK cells and higher mucosal salivary IgA1 and IgA2 concentration indicated a secondary boosting effect of LcS.
Exercise based interventions for alcohol use disorder: A comment on motivational aspects of participation
Authors: Roessler Kirsten K. , Bramsen Rikke Holm , Dervisevic Ajla , Bilberg Randi 
Published: October 2016

Exercise based treatment for alcohol use disorders have shown an impact on mental health (e.g., depression or anxiety), and alcohol outcomes (e.g., craving or abstinence). However, there is a lack of information on the role of motivational aspects of participation in the process of designing exercise interventions for alcohol use disorder. This study aims to examine: (1) whether motivational aspects are taken into account when the type and delivery method of exercise interventions are chosen; (2) whether motivational aspects are taken into account post intervention; and (3) whether there are different traditions regarding payment for participants. A systematic search was conducted to identify eligible studies in order to investigate the impact of motivational aspects including payment for participation. Twelve samples including ten to 620 participants were investigated. Participants were predominantly male and in their 40s, ranging from 20 to 69 years. Aerobic exercise (running, walking, fitness) either in a group or individual condition is the most frequently used exercise form. Two studies included ball games or cycling, while only one study offered the opportunity to choose between a wide range of sports. Motivational aspects are mentioned explicitly in half of the studies, mostly with regard to adherence to participation and social integration as the reason for using a group condition. Achievement is mentioned in two studies but not explicitly with regard to planning the intervention design. Five studies include payment for participation in exercise. Findings of the present study identify that motivational aspects for participation are rarely involved in the planning of an exercise intervention. With regard to the specific psychosocial vulnerability of an alcohol use disorder population, this should be an important aspect of further research studies.
Acute tendon changes in intense CrossFit workout: an observational cohort study
Authors: Fisker F. Y. , Kildegaard S. , Thygesen M. , Grosen K. , Pfeiffer‐Jensen M. 
Published: October 2016

CrossFit is a fitness program that has become increasingly popular in the Western world, but as in other sports, the risk of injury is present. Only a few studies have addressed health benefits and injuries in CrossFit. It is known that chronically overloaded tendons will thicken and increase the risk of tendinopathy. However, it remains unknown whether acute overload caused by strenuous, high‐intensity exercise will exert changes in tendons and if these changes can be detected and described by ultrasonography. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of acute overload on tendon thickness using ultrasonography. Standardized ultrasound measurements of the patella, Achilles, and plantaris tendons were performed before and after a specific workout in 34 healthy subjects. Significant increases were observed in patella tendon thickness before (M = 4.5, SD = 0.6) and after (M = 5.0, SD = 0.7) highly intense strenuous exercise, with an estimated mean differences of 0.47 mm (95% CI: 0.35–0.59 mm; P < 0.0001) and in Achilles tendon thickness before (M = 4.4, SD = 0.4) and after (M = 4.5, SD = 0.5) workout, with an estimated difference of 0.17 mm (95% CI: 0.04–0.29 mm; P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in fascia plantaris thickness before (M = 3.4, SD = 0.5) and after (M = 3.4, SD = 0.5) workout (P = 0.97). A significant increase in the thickness of the patellar and Achilles tendons was found in response to strenuous, highly intense CrossFit exercises. In order to understand the underlying mechanisms of the findings and possibly utilize this to gain a better understanding, further studies must be conducted.