bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D Deficiency Accelerates Coronary Artery Disease Progression in Swine
Authors: Chen Songcang , Swier Vicki J. , Boosani Chandra S. , Radwan Mohamed M. , Agrawal Devendra K. 
Published: June 2016

Objective—
The role of vitamin D deficiency in coronary artery disease (CAD) progression is uncertain. Chronic inflammation in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of CAD. However, the molecular mechanism underlying vitamin D deficiency–enhanced inflammation in the EAT of diseased coronary arteries remains unknown. We examined a mechanistic link between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D–mediated suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transporter, karyopherin α4 (KPNA4) expression and NF-κB activation in preadipocytes. Furthermore, we determined whether vitamin D deficiency accelerates CAD progression by increasing KPNA4 and nuclear NF-κB levels in EAT.

Approach and Results—
Nuclear protein levels were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Exogenous KPNA4 was transported into cells by a transfection approach and constituted lentiviral vector. Swine were administered vitamin D–deficient or vitamin D–sufficient hypercholesterolemic diet. After 1 year, the histopathology of coronary arteries and nuclear protein expression of EAT were assessed. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D inhibited NF-κB activation and reduced KPNA4 levels through increased vitamin D receptor expression. Exogenous KPNA4 rescued 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D–dependent suppression of NF-κB nuclear translocation and activation. Vitamin D deficiency caused extensive CAD progression and advanced atherosclerotic plaques, which are linked to increased KPNA4 and nuclear NF-κB levels in the EAT.

Conclusions—
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D attenuates NF-κB activation by targeting KPNA4. Vitamin D deficiency accelerates CAD progression at least, in part, through enhanced chronic inflammation of EAT by upregulation of KPNA4, which enhances NF-κB activation. These novel findings provide mechanistic evidence that vitamin D supplementation could be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of CAD.
Central Role of P2Y
6
UDP Receptor in Arteriolar Myogenic Tone
Authors: Kauffenstein Gilles , Tamareille Sophie , Prunier Fabrice , Roy Charlotte , Ayer Audrey , Toutain Bertrand , Billaud Marie , Isakson Brant E. , Grimaud Linda , Loufrani Laurent , Rousseau Pascal , Abraham Pierre , Procaccio Vincent , Monyer Hannah , de Wit Cor , Boeynaems Jean-Marie , Robaye Bernard , Kwak Brenda R. , Henrion Daniel 
Published: June 2016

Objective—
Myogenic tone (MT) of resistance arteries ensures autoregulation of blood flow in organs and relies on the intrinsic property of smooth muscle to contract in response to stretch. Nucleotides released by mechanical strain on cells are responsible for pleiotropic vascular effects, including vasoconstriction. Here, we evaluated the contribution of extracellular nucleotides to MT.

Approach and Results—

We measured MT and the associated pathway in mouse mesenteric resistance arteries using arteriography for small arteries and molecular biology. Of the P2 receptors in mouse mesenteric resistance arteries, mRNA expression of P2X
1
and P2Y
6
was dominant. P2Y
6
fully sustained UDP/UTP-induced contraction (abrogated in
P2ry6
−/−
arteries). Preventing nucleotide hydrolysis with the ectonucleotidase inhibitor ARL67156 enhanced pressure-induced MT by 20%, whereas P2Y
6
receptor blockade blunted MT in mouse mesenteric resistance arteries and human subcutaneous arteries. Despite normal hemodynamic parameters,
P2ry6
−/−
mice were protected against MT elevation in myocardial infarction–induced heart failure. Although both P2Y
6
and P2Y
2
receptors contributed to calcium mobilization, P2Y
6
activation was mandatory for RhoA–GTP binding, myosin light chain, P42–P44, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation in arterial smooth muscle cells. In accordance with the opening of a nucleotide conduit in pressurized arteries, MT was altered by hemichannel pharmacological inhibitors and impaired in
Cx43
+/−
and
P2rx7
−/−
mesenteric resistance arteries.

Conclusions—

Signaling through P2 nucleotide receptors contributes to MT. This mechanism encompasses the release of nucleotides coupled to specific autocrine/paracrine activation of the uracil nucleotide P2Y
6
receptor and may contribute to impaired tissue perfusion in cardiovascular diseases.
Interannual Variation of Summer Rainfall in the Taipei Basin
Authors: Chen Tsing-Chang , Tsay Jenq-Dar , Takle Eugene S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Taipei basin, located in northern Taiwan, is formed at the intersection of the Tanshui River valley (~30 km) and the Keelung River valley (~60 km). Summer is the dry season in northern Taiwan, but the maximum rainfall in the Taipei basin occurs during 15 June–31 August. The majority of summer rainfall in this basin is produced by afternoon thunderstorms. Thus, the water supply, air/land traffic, and pollution for this basin can be profoundly affected by interannual variations of thunderstorm days and rainfall. Because the mechanism for these interannual variations is still unknown, a systematic analysis is made of thunderstorm days and rainfall for the past two decades (1993–2013). These two variables are found to correlate opposite interannual variations of sea surface temperature anomalies over the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Niño-3.4 region. Occurrence days for afternoon thunderstorms and rainfall amounts in the Taipei basin double during the cold El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase relative to the warm phase. During the latter phase, a stronger cold/drier monsoon southwesterly flow caused by the Pacific–Japan Oscillation weakens the thunderstorm activity in the Taipei basin through the land–sea breeze. In contrast, the opposite condition occurs during the cold ENSO phase. The water vapor flux over the East/Southeast Asian monsoon region converges more toward Taiwan to maintain rainfall over the Taipei basin during the cold ENSO phase than during the warm ENSO phase.
Interdecadal Change in the Tropical Pacific Precipitation Anomaly Pattern around the Late 1990s during Boreal Spring
Authors: Guo Yuanyuan , Wen Zhiping , Wu Renguang 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The leading mode of boreal spring precipitation variability over the tropical Pacific experienced a pronounced interdecadal change around the late 1990s. The pattern before 1998 features positive precipitation anomalies over the equatorial eastern Pacific (EP) with positive principle component years. The counterpart after 1998 exhibits a westward shift of the positive center to the equatorial central Pacific (CP). Observational evidence shows that this interdecadal change in the leading mode of precipitation variability is closely associated with a distinctive sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern. The westward shift of the anomalous precipitation center after 1998 is in tandem with a similar shift of maximum warming from the EP to CP. Diagnostic analyses based on a linear equation of the mixed layer temperature anomaly exhibit that an interdecadal enhancement of zonal advection (ZA) feedback process plays a vital role in the shift in the leading mode of both the tropical Pacific SST and the precipitation anomaly during spring. Moreover, the variability of the anomalous zonal current at the upper ocean dominates the ZA feedback change, while the mean zonal SST gradient associated with a La Niña–like pattern of the mean state only accounts for a relatively trivial proportion of the ZA feedback change. It was found that both the relatively rapid decaying of the SST anomalies in the EP and the La Niña–like mean state make it conceivable that the shift of the leading mode of the tropical precipitation anomaly only occurs in spring. In addition, the largest variance of the anomalous zonal current in spring might contribute to the unique interdecadal change in the tropical spring precipitation anomaly pattern.
An Idealized Study of Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean 4D-Var in the Presence of Model Error
Authors: Fowler Alison M. , Lawless Amos S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAtmosphere-only and ocean-only variational data assimilation (DA) schemes are able to use window lengths that are optimal for the error growth rate, nonlinearity, and observation density of the respective systems. Typical window lengths are 6–12 h for the atmosphere and 2–10 days for the ocean. However, in the implementation of coupled DA schemes it has been necessary to match the window length of the ocean to that of the atmosphere, which may potentially sacrifice the accuracy of the ocean analysis in order to provide a more balanced coupled state. This paper investigates how extending the window length in the presence of model error affects both the analysis of the coupled state and the initialized forecast when using coupled DA with differing degrees of coupling.Results are illustrated using an idealized single-column model of the coupled atmosphere–ocean system. It is found that the analysis error from an uncoupled DA scheme can be smaller than that from a coupled analysis at the initial time, due to faster error growth in the coupled system. However, this does not necessarily lead to a more accurate forecast due to imbalances in the coupled state. Instead coupled DA is more able to update the initial state to reduce the impact of the model error on the accuracy of the forecast. The effect of model error is potentially most detrimental in the weakly coupled formulation due to the inconsistency between the coupled model used in the outer loop and uncoupled models used in the inner loop.
Interactive Computer Graphics: The Arms Race
Authors: Hafemeister David 
Published: June 2016

By using interactive computer graphics (ICG), it is possible to discuss the numerical aspects of some arms race issues with more specificity and in a visual way. The number of variables involved in these issues can be quite large; computers operated in the interactive, graphical mode, can allow exploration of the variables, leading to a greater understanding of the issues. This paper will examine some examples of interactive computer graphics: (1) The relationship between silo hardening and the accuracy, yield, and reliability of ICBMs; (2) Target vulnerability (Minuteman, Dense Pack); (3) Counterforce vs. countervalue weapons; (4) Civil defense; (5) Gravitational bias error; (6) MIRV; (7) National vulnerability to a preemptive first strike; (8) Radioactive fallout; and (9) Digital image processing with charge-coupled devices.
Case report of an alleviation of pain symptoms in hypnic headache via greater occipital nerve block
Authors: Rehmann Robert , Tegenthoff Martin , Zimmer Christian , Stude Philipp 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundHypnic headache is a rare primary headache disorder with a few hundred described cases so far. Due to the fact that this headache disease is rare, there are no placebo-controlled oral medication studies. After all reported oral medication failed to control pain symptoms of a hypnic headache disease, we were able to reduce pain intensity and frequency via two greater occipital nerve (GON) blocks.CaseWe report on a 74-year-old patient diagnosed with hypnic headache in our headache outpatient department two years ago. Over a course of nine months none of the recommended oral drugs had an effect in pain alleviation and we decided to try an occipital nerve injection therapy. Two GON-blocks then led to a stable and significant pain reduction over the course of six months during monthly follow-ups.ConclusionGON block can be a successful therapeutic approach for the treatment of hypnic headache when oral medication fails.
Femoroacetabular Impingement in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Byrd J.W. Thomas , Jones Kay S. , Gwathmey F. Winston 
Published: June 2016

Background: Adolescent athletes with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) may respond well to arthroscopic intervention. Purpose: This study reports the outcomes of arthroscopic treatment for symptomatic FAI in adolescents. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Included in this study were 104 consecutive athletes (116 hips) younger than 18 years who underwent arthroscopic correction of symptomatic FAI with a minimum 2-year follow-up. All patients were prospectively assessed with the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS). Pincer lesions were defined by acetabular overcoverage or retroversion with an accompanying labral injury, and cam lesions were defined by loss of sphericity of the femoral head with associated acetabular articular failure. Results: The average follow-up was 38 months (range, 24-120 months), and the average patient age was 16 years (range, 12-17 years), with 47 male and 57 female patients. There were 67 combined, 33 cam, and 16 pincer lesions. The average improvement on the mHHS was 25 points (average score: 69 preoperatively, 94 postoperatively), with 97% improved and 94% good and excellent results. Athletes returned to their sport after 100 procedures (86%). After 16 procedures, 5 patients were unable to return to sport, 6 chose not to, and 5 had completed their high school athletic careers. There were 2 complications, both transient pudendal nerve neurapraxias, that resolved within 2 weeks. Four patients underwent repeat arthroscopic surgery, and 1 underwent periacetabular osteotomy. Conclusion: This study reports favorable outcomes of arthroscopic treatment of FAI among adolescent athletes. A high proportion improved, although only 87% actually returned to their sport. Return to sport may be influenced by factors other than just the success of the procedures.
A Clinical Review of Return-to-Play Considerations After Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Watson Scott , Allen Benjamin , Grant John A. 
Published: June 2016

Context: Shoulder dislocations are common in contact sports, yet guidelines regarding the best treatment strategy and time to return to play have not been clearly defined. Evidence Acquisition: Electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase, were reviewed for the years 1980 through 2015. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Much has been published about return to play after anterior shoulder dislocation, but almost all is derived from expert opinion and clinical experience rather than from well-designed studies. Recommendations vary and differ depending on age, sex, type of sport, position of the athlete, time in the sport’s season, and associated pathology. Despite a lack of consensus and specific recommendations, there is agreement that before being allowed to return to sport, athletes should be pain free and demonstrate symmetric shoulder and bilateral scapular strength, with functional range of motion that allows sport-specific participation. Return to play usually occurs 2 to 3 weeks from the time of injury. Athletes with in-season shoulder instability returning to sport have demonstrated recurrence rates ranging from 37% to 90%. Increased bone loss, recurrent instability, and injury occurring near the end of season are all indications that may push surgeons and athletes toward earlier surgical intervention. Conclusion: Most athletes are able to return to play within 2 to 3 weeks but there is a high risk of recurrent instability.
Organizational Climate, Innovation and Performance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sethibe Tebogo , Steyn Renier 
Published: June 2016

Organisational climate (OC) plays an important role in the innovation of an organisation. In addition, innovation has become critical for nations, organisations and individuals in an increasingly complex and challenging world. Yet, very few studies are designed to investigate the causal path of the effect of innovation on organisational performance systematically by examining the influence of organisational climate. The purpose of the study has been to consolidate, synthesize and critique the empirical studies that have examined the relationship between organisational climate, innovation and organisational performance. A systematic literature review approach has been followed to find the appropriate studies on these constructs (organisational climate, innovation and organisational performance) and the building blocks of science (concepts, statement and conceptual framework) have been used as a structure to analyse and report on the findings. After consulting 96 major databases, covering a wide range of fields, only seven articles that investigated the causal path between organisational climate, innovation and organisational performance were identified. The differences and similarities on how concepts were used are presented. These differences become particularly apparent when the tools used to measure these constructs are examined. Studying the articles has also resulted in the development of appropriate and comprehensive typologies concerning the variables. The findings also show that models are typically linear and these are affirmed when subjective, rather than objective, measures are used. This research study alerts researchers and practitioners alike about the importance of clear and shared definitions of constructs. Without that meaningful communication, observation on the topic is impossible. The findings also show that the methods of measurement influence results, which should be considered when interpreting the results.
Immunoregulatory roles of versican proteolysis in the myeloma microenvironment
Authors: Hope Chelsea , Foulcer Simon , Jagodinsky Justin , Chen Sarah X. , Jensen Jeffrey L. , Patel Sanjay , Leith Catherine , Maroulakou Ioanna , Callander Natalie , Miyamoto Shigeki , Hematti Peiman , Apte Suneel S. , Asimakopoulos Fotis 
Published: June 2016

Key Points
Interplay between myeloma niche stromal cells and myeloid cells generates versikine, a novel damage-associated molecular pattern. Versikine may promote antigen-presenting cell maturation and CD8+ T-cell activation/recruitment to the tumor bed.
Exercise training in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: is it of benefit?
Authors: Vainshelboim Baruch 
Published: June 2016

Key pointsExercise training has been proven to be a safe and effective behavioural intervention for prevention and rehabilitation of chronic conditions.Despite the complexity of the signs and symptoms presented in IPF, supervised exercise training is a feasible and effective treatment for clinical improvement.Emerging data show significant enhancements in exercise capacity, dyspnoea and quality of life among IPF patients after exercise training interventions.Understanding of the principles of exercise training and the pathophysiology of IPF are essential for effective exercise programme delivery.Educational aimsTo describe the current evidence supporting exercise training for IPF.To highlight the importance of exercise physiology principles in rehabilitation treatment of patients with IPF.To introduce an effective practical exercise programme for IPF.To discuss the possible underlying physiological mechanisms of training effects in IPF.Exercise is a well-documented safe and effective intervention for prevention and rehabilitation of chronic diseases. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic deadly lung disease associated with severe signs and symptoms, exercise intolerance, diminished quality of life and poor prognosis. In the short term, supervised exercise training programmes have demonstrated clinical benefits in improving exercise capacity, dyspnoea and quality of life in patients with IPF. The underlying mechanisms of chronic adaption to a regular exercise regimen in IPF have yet to be well described and require further investigation. The available data underscore the importance of implementing training principles to target the pathophysiological impairments of IPF in order to optimise training adaption and enhance the outcomes. The current exercise training data in IPF provide sufficient evidence of clinical benefit for consideration to be given to recommending exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation as standard of care for IPF.
Transcriptome sequences spanning key developmental states as a resource for the study of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus, a threespine stickleback parasite
Authors: Hébert François Olivier , Grambauer Stephan , Barber Iain , Landry Christian R , Aubin-Horth Nadia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background
Schistocephalus solidus is a well-established model organism for studying the complex life cycle of cestodes and the mechanisms underlying host-parasite interactions. However, very few large-scale genetic resources for this species are available. We have sequenced and de novo-assembled the transcriptome of S. solidus using tissues from whole worms at three key developmental states - non-infective plerocercoid, infective plerocercoid and adult plerocercoid - to provide a resource for studying the evolution of complex life cycles and, more specifically, how parasites modulate their interactions with their hosts during development.

Findings
The de novo transcriptome assembly reconstructed the coding sequence of 10,285 high-confidence unigenes from which 24,765 non-redundant transcripts were derived. 7,920 (77 %) of these unigenes were annotated with a protein name and 7,323 (71 %) were assigned at least one Gene Ontology term. Our raw transcriptome assembly (unfiltered transcripts) covers 92 % of the predicted transcriptome derived from the S. solidus draft genome assembly currently available on WormBase. It also provides new ecological information and orthology relationships to further annotate the current WormBase transcriptome and genome.

Conclusion
This large-scale transcriptomic dataset provides a foundation for studies on how parasitic species with complex life cycles modulate their response to changes in biotic and abiotic conditions experienced inside their various hosts, which is a fundamental objective of parasitology. Furthermore, this resource will help in the validation of the S solidus gene features that have been predicted based on genomic sequence.
Imaging Invasion: Micro-CT imaging of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma highlights cell type specific spatial relationships of tissue invasion
Authors: Apps John R. , Hutchinson J. Ciaran , Arthurs Owen J. , Virasami Alex , Joshi Abhijit , Zeller-Plumhoff Berit , Moulding Dale , Jacques Thomas S. , Sebire Neil J. , Martinez-Barbera Juan Pedro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTissue invasion and infiltration by brain tumours poses a clinical challenge, with destruction of structures leading to morbidity. We assessed whether micro-CT could be used to map tumour invasion in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP), and whether it could delineate ACPs and their intrinsic components from surrounding tissue.Three anonymised archival frozen ACP samples were fixed, iodinated and imaged using a micro-CT scanner prior to the use of standard histological processing and immunohistochemical techniques.We demonstrate that micro-CT imaging can non-destructively give detailed 3D structural information of tumours in volumes with isotropic voxel sizes of 4–6 microns, which can be correlated with traditional histology and immunohistochemistry.Such information complements classical histology by facilitating virtual slicing of the tissue in any plane and providing unique detail of the three dimensional relationships of tissue compartments.