bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Transposable Elements to Human Proteins
Authors: Makałowski Wojciech , Kischka Tabea , Makałowska Izabela 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

More than half of the human genome originated in transposable elements (TEs). Although these segments are mostly located in intronic and intergenic regions, some of them can be found in protein‐coding exons. Moreover, some functionally important genes evolved from TEs. These genes are involved in major biological processes such as immunity, replication, reproduction, cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, TEs contribute to human proteome indirectly by retrocopying messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) molecules back to the genome and creating new variants of the existing genes, which in turn can evolve a new function or new expression pattern. This demonstrates the importance of TEs as a genomic pool of coding sequences for the creation and evolution of gene functions.

Key Concepts

More than half of the human genome originated in transposable elements and they have profound consequences for the genome evolution.

Transposable elements contribute to the human proteome either directly by co‐option of TE‐originated sequences or indirectly by using TE's molecular machinery to duplicate existing genetic material.

Retrogenes are byproducts of L1 element activity.

Human genes can be shuffled by the process called genome transduction that involves "leaking" transcription of a transposon.

Transposons moving around the genome can alter expression profile of the host genes.
Use of Next‐Generation Sequencing in Forensic Genetics
Authors: Børsting Claus , Morling Niels 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

The main purpose of forensic science institutions is to provide scientifically based investigations to the judicial system and assist society as a whole with objective analyses of evidence.
Ten years ago, the invention of clonal amplification by emulsion PCR or bridge PCR inspired a technical revolution in DNA sequencing commonly known as next‐generation sequencing (NGS). New methods and platforms were invented, all with the same purpose of sequencing massive numbers of DNA molecules simultaneously. These methods are of obvious interest to forensic genetic practitioners, who are frequently faced with the challenge of genotyping limited and degraded DNA material extracted from irreplaceable trace samples. NGS may be superior to the existing techniques and offers new exiting possibilities to the end users of forensic investigations.

Key Concepts

Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is based on simultaneous clonal amplification of millions of individual DNA molecules and parallel sequencing of the generated products.

Fragment length analyses of PCR‐amplified short tandem repeats (STRs) have been the preferred method for human identification in forensic genetic case work for more than two decades.

The multiplexing capability of PCR‐NGS and sequencing capacity of NGS platforms make it possible to type different types of markers (STRs, SNPs and INDELs) in one assay, which increases the available information, saves time and reduces the overall cost of the investigation.

Human identification and forensic phenotyping may be accomplished simultaneously by typing human identification and phenotypical markers in one PCR‐NGS assay.

Detailed sequence information of STRs increases the statistical weight of the DNA evidence and may aid mixture interpretation.

Genome or transcriptome sequencing of samples from deceased makes it possible to combine forensic pathology with medical genetics and forensic toxicology with pharmacogenetics.
The Police Officer Tacit Knowledge Inventory (POTKI): Towards Determining Underlying Structure and Applicability as a Recruit Screening Tool
Authors: Taylor Teresa Z. , Van der Heijden Beatrice I.J.M. , Genuchi Matthew C. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe purpose of this research was to examine the potential application of the police officer tacit knowledge inventory (POTKI) as a police recruit screening tool. The POTKI is a situational judgment test and consists of knowledge gained on the job by experienced officers that is thought to be important for problem‐solving. In the present study, four police agencies from a western US state administered the POTKI along with other screening measures to police applicants. Performance of the novice recruits was subsequently rated by their supervisors using the measure of professional expertise (MOE). Principal component analysis, multiple regression analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance were conducted on the POTKI response options. POTKI response options were found to be predictive of supervisor MOE ratings. Principal component analysis results identified intrapersonal tacit knowledge components that predicted MOE metacognitive, skill, and social recognition supervisor ratings and distinguished novice from expert police officers.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recyclable Organocatalysts for a One‐Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Fluorocyclohexanols Bearing Six Contiguous Stereocenters
Authors: Huang Xin , Liu Miao , Jasinski Jerry P. , Peng Bo , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA recyclable fluorous bifunctionalCinchonaalkaloid/thiourea‐catalyzed quadruple fluorination/Michael/Michael/aldol sequence has been developed for the one‐pot synthesis of cyclohexanols bearing six contiguous stereocenters including a fluorinated tertiary carbon. By using readily available starting materials including β‐keto esters, β‐nitrostyrenes, and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, fully functionalized cyclohexanols were synthesized in 52–80% yields with up to 99%eeand >20:1dr. The fluorous catalyst could be easily recovered by fluorous solid‐phase extraction in 94–97% yield and >98% purity. In addition to the high synthetic efficiency achieved through the pot economic reactions, other green techniques such as transition metal‐free catalysis and catalyst recovery are also employed.magnified image
Assembly of a Benzo‐Fused Bridged Ketone Scaffold from 1,5,10‐Enediynes through One‐Pot Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cyclization/Iodine‐Mediated Oxidative Ring Expansion
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Nishimura Kei‐ichiro , Mori Shota , Shibuya Masatoshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the presence of a cationic Ru catalyst, 1,6‐diynes bearing a terminal styryl moiety underwent [2+2+2] cyclization to produce dehydrobiphenylenes fused with a five‐membered ring. Although the cycloadducts were unstable toward purification, their one‐pot iodine‐mediated ring expansion successfully afforded unprecedented bridged ketone products containing a benzo‐fused bicyclo[3.2.1] framework.
From Bidentate Gallium Lewis Acids to Supramolecular Complexes
Authors: Horstmann Jan , Hyseni Mentor , Mix Andreas , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBidentate gallium Lewis acids were prepared by the reaction of diethynyldiphenylsilane with neat trimethyl‐ or triethylgallium. Bis[(dimethylgallyl)ethynyl]diphenylsilane (1) and diethylgallyl derivative 2 were characterized as Et2O or pyridine adducts by NMR spectroscopy; 2⋅2Py was isolated. Lewis acids 1 and 2 form host–guest adducts with bidentate nitrogen bases, but defined cyclic 1:1 adducts are only formed between 1 and bases with matching N⋅⋅⋅N distances: 4,4′‐dimethyl‐3,3′‐bipyridinylacetylene (3), bis[(pyridin‐3‐yl)ethynyl]diphenylsilane (4), and bis[(2‐methylpyridin‐5‐yl)ethynyl]diphenylsilane (5). The structures of adducts 1⋅3, 1⋅4, and 1⋅5 were established by X‐ray diffraction experiments. 2⋅2Py reacts with DABCO to afford polymeric (DABCO‐2‐)n.
A Novel Bat‐Shaped Dicyanomethylene‐4H‐pyran‐Functionalized Naphthalimide for Highly Efficient Solution‐Processed Multilevel Memory Devices
Authors: Zhang Qi‐jian , Miao Shi‐feng , Li Hua , He Jing‐hui , Li Na‐jun , Xu Qing‐feng , Chen Dong‐yun , Lu Jian‐mei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSmall‐molecule‐based multilevel memory devices have attracted increasing attention because of their advantages, such as super‐high storage density, fast reading speed, light weight, low energy consumption, and shock resistance. However, the fabrication of small‐molecule‐based devices always requires expensive vacuum‐deposition techniques or high temperatures for spin‐coating. Herein, through rational tailoring of a previous molecule, DPCNCANA (4,4′‐(6,6′‐bis(2‐octyl‐1,3‐dioxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[de]isoquinolin‐6‐yl)‐9H,9′H‐[3,3′‐bicarbazole]‐9,9′‐diyl)dibenzonitrile), a novel bat‐shaped A‐D‐A‐type (A‐D‐A=acceptor–donor–acceptor) symmetric framework has been successfully synthesized and can be dissolved in common solvents at room temperature. Additionally, it has a low‐energy bandgap and dense intramolecular stacking in the film state. The solution‐processed memory devices exhibited high‐performance nonvolatile multilevel data‐storage properties with low switching threshold voltages of about −1.3 and −2.7 V, which is beneficial for low power consumption. Our result should prompt the study of highly efficient solution‐processed multilevel memory devices in the field of organic electronics.
Hypoxia upregulates integrin gene expression in microvascular endothelial cells and promotes their migration and capillary‐like tube formation
Authors: Befani Christina , Liakos Panagiotis 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTissue hypoxia affects gene expression through the hypoxia‐inducible transcription factors, HIF‐1 and HIF‐2, in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a complex response of endothelial cells integrating cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and their interaction with the extracellular matrix through integrin receptors. In this report, we studied the effect of hypoxia on the angiogenic functions of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC‐1) as well as on expression of the angiogenic integrins ανβ3, ανβ5, and α5β1. Exposure of HMEC‐1 to hypoxia (1% O2) or to DMOG, a prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase inhibitor, caused significant reduction to their proliferation rate, whereas their migration ability toward laminin‐1 or collagen IV and capillary‐like tube formation were significantly enhanced. In addition, αv, β1, β3, and β5 integrins expression was increased under hypoxia in HMEC‐1, while α5 integrin was not affected. Both HIF‐1 and HIF‐2 protein expression and transcriptional activity were induced under hypoxia in HMEC‐1. The knockdown of either HIF‐1α or HIF‐2α inhibited integrin β3 hypoxic stimulation, suggesting a HIF‐dependent induction of β3 integrin in HMEC‐1. Taken together, our results indicate that hypoxia transcriptionally up‐regulates angiogenic integrins in microvascular endothelial cells along with promoting migration and tube formation of HMEC‐1.
Real‐world supported unprotected left main percutaneous coronary intervention with impella device; data from the USpella registry
Authors: Schreiber Theodore , Wah Htun Wah , Blank Nimrod , Telila Tesfaye , Mercado Nestor , Briasoulis Alexandros , Kaki Amir , Kondur Ashok , Munir Ahmad , Grines Cindy 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundPatients with left main (LM) coronary artery disease are increasingly being treated with percutaneous revascularization (PCI). The safety, feasibility, and efficacy of unprotected LM intervention (ULMI) with hemodynamic support by Impella device have not been evaluated previously.ObjectiveUsing a large retrospective single center database from the USpella registry, we evaluated the safety, feasibility, and potential benefits of periprocedural left ventricular assist with axial flow Impella 2.5 and Impella CP (Abiomed Inc. Danvers, Mass) during ULMI.MethodsWe analyzed a total of 127 consecutive patients who received hemodynamic support with Impella (2.5 or CP) for ULMI from August 2008 to July 2015. Safety, feasibility and efficacy end points included procedural success rates, in‐hospital and 30‐day major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) rates.ResultsAmong 127 patients who received hemodynamic support for ULMI (mean age 69.98 ± 10.7 years, 71% men, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction 28.74 ± 15.55%, Society of Thoracic Surgeons' mortality/morbidity 4/23%) the in‐hospital and 30 days mortality rates were 1.43% (2/140) and 2.1% (3/141), respectively. The average baseline and post PCI (residual) syntax scores were 31.4 and 7.86, respectively, (P < 0.001). Only one patient (0.8%) had vascular complication that required surgery; 2.36% (3/127) had hematoma and 3.9% (5/127) had bleeding that required transfusion.ConclusionThis large singe center retrospective evaluation of USpella registry substantiates and strongly supports the feasibility, safety, and hemodynamic usefulness of Impella device for ULMI with acceptable in‐hospital and 30‐day MACE rates. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The many radial access learning curves
Authors: Hillegass William B. 
Published: April 2017

Key Points

The radial approach to endovascular procedures has a series of learning curves: diagnostic heart catheterization, low‐risk settings and “straightforward” percutaneous coronary intervention, high‐risk settings, and complex coronary intervention, and peripheral vascular angiography and intervention.
For diagnostic and low‐risk interventional procedures, incremental improvements in technical success and safety are observed in the initial 200 procedures for most operators compared to highly experienced operators.
Formal didactic training and ongoing support/review from an experienced radial operator(s) may expedite surmounting the series of radial learning curves while maintaining optimal procedural success and safety.
Advances in technology and understanding will require the most experienced radial operators to continually embrace their next learning curve.
Overlapping bioresorbable scaffolds seems safe for now
Authors: Belardi Jorge A. , Albertal Mariano 
Published: April 2017

Key Points

Overlapping permanent scaffolds carries a long‐term risk of target vessel failure due to late malapposition and the development of neoatherosclerosis.
Potentially, overlapping bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) may lead to lower long‐term risk.
The GHOST‐EU registry reported similar short‐ and mid‐term risks in patients with and without BRS overlap.
Larger size studies with longer follow‐up are needed to confirm the safety of BRS overlap.
Chromium‐Catalyzed Highly Selective Oligomerization of Ethene to 1‐Hexene with N,N‐Bis[chloro(aryl)phosphino]amine Ligands
Authors: Höhne Martha , Peulecke Normen , Konieczny Katharina , Müller Bernd H. , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDifferent N,N‐bis[chloro(aryl)phosphino]amines were synthesized and characterized. The synthesized compounds were tested as ligands in the Cr‐catalyzed oligomerization of ethene. The effect of the successive increase of the steric bulk either at one of the P substituents or at the N center on the product distribution of the oligomerization reaction was examined. We found a highly active and selective trimerization system with purities of the hexene fraction up to 99.9 % for 1‐hexene. Furthermore, we suppose an in situ methylation of the chlorinated ligands into the corresponding N,N‐bis[methyl(aryl)phosphino]amines.
Liquid/Liquid Interfacial Synthesis of a Click Nanosheet
Authors: Rapakousiou Amalia , Sakamoto Ryota , Shiotsuki Ryo , Matsuoka Ryota , Nakajima Ukyo , Pal Tigmansu , Shimada Rintaro , Hossain Amran , Masunaga Hiroyasu , Horike Satoshi , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Sasaki Sono , Kato Kenichi , Ozawa Takeaki , Astruc Didier , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA liquid/liquid interfacial synthesis is employed, for the first time, to synthesize a covalent two‐dimensional polymer nanosheet. Copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) between a three‐way terminal alkyne and azide at a water/dichloromethane interface generates a 1,2,3‐triazole‐linked nanosheet. The resultant nanosheet, with a flat and smooth texture, has a maximum domain size of 20 μm and minimum thickness of 5.3 nm. The starting monomers in the organic phase and the copper catalyst in the aqueous phase can only meet at the liquid/liquid interface as a two‐dimensional reaction space; this allows them to form the two‐dimensional polymer. The robust triazole linkage generated by irreversible covalent‐bond formation allows the nanosheet to resist hydrolysis under both acidic and alkaline conditions, and to endure pyrolysis up to more than 300 °C. The coordination ability of the triazolyl group enables the nanosheet to act as a reservoir for metal ions, with an affinity order of Pd2+>Au3+>Cu2+.
Straightforward Synthesis of 2‐ and 2,8‐Substituted Tetracenes
Authors: Woodward Simon , Ackermann Miriam , Ahirwar Saurabh K. , Burroughs Laurence , Garrett Mary Robert , Ritchie John , Shine Jonathan , Tyril Björk , Simpson Kevin , Woodward Peter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA simple regiospecific route to otherwise problematic substituted tetracenes is described. The diverse cores (E)‐1,2‐Ar1CH2(HOCH2)C=C(CH2OH)I (Ar1=Ph, 4‐MePh, 4‐MeOPh, 4‐FPh) and (E)‐1,2‐I(HOCH2)C=C(CH2OH)I, accessed from ultra‐low cost HOCH2C≡CCH2OH at multi‐gram scales, allow the synthesis of diol libraries (E)‐1,2‐Ar1CH2(HOCH2)C=C(CH2OH)CH2Ar2 (Ar2=Ph, 4‐MePh, 4‐iPrPh, 4‐MeOPh, 4‐FPh, 4‐BrPh, 4‐biphenyl, 4‐styryl; 14 examples) by efficient Negishi coupling. Copper‐catalysed aerobic oxidation cleanly provides dialdehydes (E)‐1,2‐Ar1CH2(CHO)C=C(CHO)CH2Ar2, which in many cases undergo titanium(IV) chloride‐induced double Bradsher closure, providing a convenient method for the synthesis of regiochemically and analytically pure tetracenes (12 examples). The sequence is typically chromatography‐free, scalable, efficient and technically simple to carry out.
LOCATING OF CONCEALED SKARN IRON ORE DEPOSIT BASED ON MULTIVARIATE INFORMATION CONSTRAINTS: A CASE STUDY OF BEIYA GOLD MINE IN YUNNAN PROVINCE
Authors: Qiao WANG , Xu‐Ben WANG , Jian YANG , Gang MIN , Jing GUO 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSkarn deposit is one of the main gold‐polymetallic deposits in Beiya, Yunnan, and constrained by its porphyries, structures and stratums, the favorable ore‐prospecting spaces are contact zones between intermediate‐acid rocks and carbonatite. Based on the physical characteristics of rocks, we realized the transition between target geological body and the geophysical field and extracted the useful information. Skarn iron deposits are characterized by low‐medium resistivity in contact zone, low density of porphyries, high susceptibility and high polarizability of the iron ore. Utilizing the geological and geophysical information, we analyzed ore‐controlling factors in different stages, implemented the locating of concealed skarn iron deposits, established a geophysical exploration mode, verified the validity of the study method on the periphery of the ore district and obtained favorable exploration results. We also proposed a locating and predicting method for the concealed skarn iron deposits, which is applicable to Beiya and other similar ore‐forming geological conditions.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF SUBMARINE COLD SEEPS BY SEISMIC OCEANOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES
Authors: Jiang‐Xin CHEN , Hai‐Bin SONG , Yong‐Xian GUAN , Sheng‐Xiong YANG , Yang BAI , Ming‐Hui GENG 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSubmarine cold seeps are widely distributed in the continental margin seas around the world. In this study, we apply a conventional multichannel seismic reflection (seismic oceanography) method to image the water column near the seafloor in order to detect cold seeps. In addition to analyzing the fluid escape structures, we also describe and discuss the development positions, seismic reflection characteristics as well as features of the cold seeps. The seismic reflection from the water column is very weak; therefore, the seismic sections above and below the seafloor are processed in two different sequences as follows: (1) geometry definition, direct wave attenuation and amplitude recovery, high‐pass filter, common midpoint sorting, constant velocity (seawater sound velocity) stack, and post‐stack FK filter in some sections; and (2) data quality control, amplitude recovery, 6∼100 Hz bandpass filter, multiple attenuation, deconvolution, velocity analysis, normal move‐out correction, common midpoint stack, post‐stack noise attenuation, 4∼70 Hz bandpass filter, and FX migration. The processed sections are then assembled together along the seafloor after carefully adjusting the color scale. The analysis shows that active cold seeps primarily present plume, broom, and/or irregular shapes that have weak and chaotic seismic reflections in the water column. The seismic reflection amplitude is enhanced at times; this could be attributed to the suspension of mud or particles in the water column. Cold seepage activities are typically associated with fluid escape structures, including mud diapirs, pipes, faults, fractures, gas chimneys, seabed pockmarks, and mud volcanoes. This indicates fluid migration from deep to shallow strata, fluid seepage or escape at the seafloor, as well as the formation of widespread cold seep activities. All the results herein are derived from a comprehensive interpretation of the seismic sections of the water columns and strata; however, further field studies, theoretical simulations, and experiments are required to confirm these conclusions.
The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata): Afferent and efferent projections in relation to the control of reproductive behavior
Authors: Wild J. Martin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSex‐specific mating behaviors occur in a variety of mammals, with the medial preoptic nucleus (POM) and the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) mediating control of male and female sexual behavior, respectively. In birds, likewise, POM is predominantly involved in the control of male reproductive behavior, but the degree to which VMH is involved in female reproductive behavior is unclear. Here, in male and female zebra finches, a combination of aromatase immunohistochemistry and conventional tract tracing facilitated the definition of two separate but adjacent nuclei in the basal hypothalamus: an oblique band of aromatase‐positive (AR+) neurons, and ventromedial to this, an ovoid, aromatase‐negative (AR–) nucleus. The AR– nucleus, but not the AR+ nucleus, was here shown to receive a projection from rostral parts of the thalamic auditory nucleus ovoidalis and from the nucleus of the tractus ovoidalis. The AR– nucleus also receives an overlapping, major projection from previously uncharted regions of the medial arcopallium and a minor projection from the caudomedial nidopallium. Both the AR– and the AR+ nuclei project to the intercollicular nucleus of the midbrain. No obvious sex differences in either the pattern of AR immunoreactivity or of the afferent projections to the AR– nucleus were observed. The significance of these results in terms of the acoustic control of avian reproductive behavior is discussed, and a comparison with the organization of VMH afferents in lizards suggests a homologous similarity of the caudal telencephalon in sauropsids.