bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workplace ostracism and deviant and helping behaviors: The moderating role of 360 degree feedback
Authors: Peng Ann Chunyan , Zeng Wei 
Published: December 2016

SummaryDrawing on sociometer theory, we argue that when 360 degree feedback is used in a work setting, being ostracized by coworkers has a stronger negative influence on employees' state self‐esteem, which promotes interpersonal deviance and demotivates helping directed toward coworkers, as compared to settings in which 360 feedback is not used. We tested our hypotheses using data collected from North American employees (Study 1) and a two‐wave survey of employees in China (Study 2). Results from both studies support the hypothesized interaction between workplace ostracism and 360 degree feedback on interpersonal deviance and helping behavior. Results from Study 2 further show that lower state self‐esteem accounts for the stronger negative association of ostracism with helping behavior among employees who are exposed to 360 degree feedback. Ostracism is not related to subsequent state self‐esteem or behavior when 360 degree feedback is absent. We discuss the implications for theory and research concerning employee exclusion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transgenic modification of potato pectic polysaccharides also affects type and level of cell wall xyloglucan
Authors: Huang Jie‐Hong , Jiang Rui , Kortstee Anne , Dees Dianka CT , Trindade Luisa M , Gruppen Harry , Schols Henk A 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDGenes encoding pectic enzymes were introduced into wild‐type potato Karnico. Cell wall materials were extracted from Karnico and transgenic lines expressing β‐galactosidase (β‐Gal‐14) or rhamnogalacturonan lyase (RGL‐18). Pectic polysaccharides from the β‐Gal‐14 transgenic line exhibited rhamnogalacturonan‐I structural elements with shorter galactan side chains, whereas the RGL‐18 transgenic line had less rhamnogalacturonan‐I structures than Karnico. Xyloglucan in primary cell walls interacts with pectin and other cell wall polysaccharides and controls cell growth.RESULTSXyloglucan extracts from transgenic lines had different levels of monosaccharides compared to wild‐type. Most XXGG‐type xyloglucans from Karnico and RGL‐18 alkali‐extractable extracts predominantly consisted of XXGG and XSGG building blocks. Karnico and RGL‐18 4 mol L−1 extracts had small proportions of the XXXG‐type xyloglucan, whereas β‐Gal‐14 extracts also contained the XXXG‐type xyloglucan. The peak ratios of XSGG/XXGG were 1.9, 2.4 and 1.1 for 4 mol L−1 extracts of Karnico, RGL‐18 and β‐Gal‐14 lines, respectively.CONCLUSIONAfter transgenic modification on pectin, the xyloglucan building blocks may have been changed. The β‐Gal‐14 lines mostly present XXXG‐type repeating units instead of the XXGG‐type in 4 mol L−1 extracts. The ratio of XSGG/XXGG repeating units also changed, indicating that the transgenic modification of pectin altered xyloglucan structure during plant development. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative community structure of archaea in rumen of buffaloes and cattle
Authors: Paul Shyam S , Dey Avijit , Baro Daoharu , Punia Balbir S 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDDetailed knowledge of the community structure of methanogens is essential for amelioration of methane emission from livestock species. Several studies have indicated that predominant methanogens of buffalo rumen are different from those in cattle. However, predominant genera of methanogens reported by individual studies varied primarily because of limited scope of sampling, sequencing of limited number of sequences and potential PCR bias in individual studies. In this study, the collective comparative diversity of methanogenic archaea in the rumen of cattle and buffaloes was examined by performing a meta‐analysis of all the 16S rRNA (rrn) sequences deposited in GenBank.RESULTSRuminal methanogen sequences of buffalo were clustered into 900 species‐level operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and ruminal methanogen sequences of cattle were clustered into 1522 species level OTUs. The number of species‐level OTUs shared between cattle and buffaloes was 229 (10.4% of all OTUs), comprising 1746 sequences (27% of the total 6447 sequences). According to taxonomic classification by three different classifiers, Methanobrevibacter was found to be the most predominant genus both in cattle (69–71% of sequences) as well as buffaloes (65.1–68.9% of sequences). Percentage of Methanomicrobium was much higher (P < 0.05) in the case of buffalo (18%) than that of cattle (4.5%). On the other hand, percentages of Methanosphaera‐ and Methanomassiliicoccus‐like methanogens were much higher (P < 0.05) in cattle than in buffaloes.CONCLUSIONThis study indicated that there is a substantial difference in community structure of ruminal methanogens of cattle and buffaloes. The study has also indicated that the percent of species‐level operational taxonomic units shared between cattle and buffalo is very low, and thus host species‐specific methane mitigation strategies need to be developed for cattle and buffaloes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Combined effect of carnosol, rosmarinic acid and thymol on the oxidative stability of soybean oil using a simplex centroid mixture design
Authors: Saoudi Salma , Chammem Nadia , Sifaoui Ines , Jiménez Ignacio A , Lorenzo‐Morales Jacob , Piñero José E , Bouassida‐Beji Maha , Hamdi Moktar , L Bazzocchi Isabel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUND:Oxidation taking place during the use of oil leads to the deterioration of both nutritional and sensorial qualities. Natural antioxidants from herbs and plants are rich in phenolic compounds and could therefore be more efficient than synthetic ones in preventing lipid oxidation reactions. This study was aimed at the valorization of Tunisian aromatic plants and their active compounds as new sources of natural antioxidant preventing oil oxidation.RESULTS:Carnosol, rosmarinic acid and thymol were isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus capitatus by column chromatography and were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Their antioxidant activities were measured by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. These active compounds were added to soybean oil in different proportions using a simplex–centroid mixture design. Antioxidant activity and oxidative stability of oils were determined before and after 20 days of accelerated oxidation at 60 °C.CONCLUSION:Results showed that bioactive compounds are effective in maintaining oxidative stability of soybean oil. However, the binary interaction of rosmarinic acid and thymol caused a reduction in antioxidant activity and oxidative stability of soybean oil. Optimum conditions for maximum antioxidant activity and oxidative stability were found to be an equal ternary mixture of carnosol, rosmarinic acid and thymol. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Authentic sheep meat in the European Union: Factors influencing and validating its unique meat quality
Authors: Erasmus Sara W , Muller Magdalena , Hoffman Louwrens C 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAuthentic meat products are gaining attention through their unique quality characteristics linked to their origin. Various factors are known to influence the quality of fresh meat. This review describes the different Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) lamb types and discusses the factors which influences its unique sensory and chemical characteristics. Flavour, aroma, texture and colour play an integral part in the sensory quality of denomination of origin fresh meat products. For authentic fresh sheep meat the sensory (as well as chemical) quality is largely influenced by diet followed by breed, age and gender. However, diet forms the link with the geographical area of origin, which together with the traditional production system and sheep breeds used, lends the product its authentic nature. This review shows how diet linked to origin can affect the quality of the meat and furthermore how other factors such as breed can also have an effect. Research relating to the authentic lamb types were evaluated and the shortcomings highlighted in order to assist with the development of PDO and PGI specifications in the future. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A new method to address unmeasured confounding of mortality in observational studies
Authors: Tannen Richard , Yu Menggang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe prior event rate ratio (PERR) overcomes “unmeasured confounding” by adjusting study outcomes for all confounding (measured and unmeasured) by comparing exposed to unexposed cohort outcomes prior to study entry when neither group is receiving treatment. However, PERR cannot address “unmeasured confounding” of death since prior events cannot occur.MethodsThis study's goal is to determine whether a new method, built on the concepts that led to the PERR development, reliably overcomes unmeasured confounding for death. In contrast to the PERR, which precedes study onset, the new mortality analysis uses exposed and unexposed cohorts, not taking the treatment medication, at the end of the study. It is called the post‐treated event rate ratio (PTERR).ResultsTheoretical and simulation studies were used to evaluate the likelihood for reliable results using of this new analytic strategy. Also, prior empiric studies, which used both the UK GPRD and THIN databases to examine and validate the PERR method, were used to ascertain the validity of the PTERR method.ConclusionIn the aggregate the results provide strong evidence that the PTERR method to evaluate unmeasured confounding will be a valuable analytic tool.
Fluorescent Labeling and Biodistribution of Latex Nanoparticles Formed by Surfactant‐Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Poon Cheuk Ka , Tang Owen , Chen Xin‐Ming , Kim Byung , Hartlieb Matthias , Pollock Carol A. , Hawkett Brian S. , Perrier Sébastien 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe authors report the preparation of a novel range of functional polyacrylamide stabilized polystyrene nanoparticles, obtained by surfactant‐free reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization, their fluorescent tagging, cellular uptake, and biodistribution. The authors show the versatility of the RAFT emulsion process for the design of functional nanoparticles of well‐defined size that can be used as drug delivery vectors. Functionalization with a fluorescent tag offers a useful visualization tool for tracing, localization, and clearance studies of these carriers in biological models. The studies are carried out by labeling the sterically stabilized latex particles chemically with rhodamine B. The fluorescent particles are incubated in a healthy human renal proximal tubular cell line model, and intravenously injected into a mouse model. Cellular localization and biodistribution of these particles on the biological models are explored.
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Electrospun Nanofibers of Curdlan (β‐1,3 Glucan) Blend as a Potential Skin Scaffold Material
Authors: Basha Rubaiya Yunus , Sampath Kumar T. S. , Doble Mukesh 
Published: December 2016

Curdlan (β‐1,3 glucan) (7 wt%) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (10 wt%) is blended at 1:2 weight ratio and electrospun to get nanofibers and is crosslinked with glutaraldehyde vapor to make it insoluble in water. It has a fiber diameter of less than 100 nm and is hydrophilic (contact angle = 35°). It is biodegradable (10% in 14 d) and also has a good swelling behavior (≈170%). More than 100% of L6 cells are viable on this scaffold after 3 d. The scanning electron microscope images also reveal that cells are able to attach and spread in the nanofibrous scaffolds. In vitro scratch assay indicates that the wound closure rate of curdlan/PVA scaffold is better than PVA scaffold probably due to the immunomodulatory properties of the biopolymer. Thus our results indicate that curdlan/PVA scaffold can be an ideal material for wound healing applications.
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Manganese‐enhanced MRI (ME MRI) in evaluation of the auditory pathway in an experimental rat model
Authors: Tang Zuohua , Wu Lingjie , Xiao Zebin , Feng Xiaoyuan , Sun Xinghuai , Tang Weijun , Wang Jie , Jin Lixin 
Published: December 2016

This study aimed to explore the optimal dose and manner of administration for visualization of the auditory pathway on manganese‐enhanced MRI (ME MRI). Twenty‐four healthy male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 8 for Groups A, B and C). The rats in Groups A, B and C were subjected to MnCl2 injection through the tympanum, inner ear endolymph and perilymph, respectively (0.2 M for four rats and 0.4 M for the others in each group) and observed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 10 days after the operation with 3.0 T MRI. The signal intensity (SI) and dynamic changes of the auditory pathways at various times, and at two doses through three injection routes, were compared by statistical analysis. Administration of MnCl2 through the perilymph best showed the complete auditory pathway (P < 0.01), whereas administration though the tympanum only demonstrated part of the pathway. The SI was highest at 24 h after administration of the tracer and began to decline at 48 h. The SI of the auditory cortex was higher after the injection of 0.4 M MnCl2 than that of 0.2 M MnCl2. ME MRI best demonstrated the whole auditory pathway at 24 h after the injection of 0.4 M MnCl2 through the perilymph in the rat, which provided an optimal method for the study of ME MRI of the auditory pathway in the animal model.
Molecular Fingerprint Comparison of Closely Related Rose Varieties based on UHPLC‐HRMS Analysis and Chemometrics
Authors: Riffault‐Valois Ludivine , Blanchot Lucille , Colas Cyril , Destandau Emilie , Pasquier Laure , André Patrice , Elfakir Claire 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe “Jardin de Granville” modern rose variety not only combines the morphological properties of its two parental cultivars, but also possesses better agronomic characteristics (abundant blooms, strong growth and vitality, high resistance to common rose diseases). In addition, it shows remarkable biological properties such as a high ability to decrease inflammatory and oxidative stress on skin cells. That is why Parfums Christian Dior selected this rose variety to be an active ingredient in luxury cosmetics.ObjectivesTo identify the characteristic molecular signature of “Jardin de Granville” compared with its parents “Annapurna” and “John Clare”, by the mean of a non‐targeted metabolomic comparison.Material and MethodsWood, flower and leaf hydro‐alcoholic extracts were analysed by UHPLC‐ESI‐HRMS. The fingerprints were then submitted to unsupervised multivariate analyses involving principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical ascendant classification (HAC). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was finally performed to highlight the significant differences in each group of organs.ResultsThe extracts were composed of phenolic compounds such as hydrolysable and condensed tannins and flavonol derivatives. Three groups of extracts were clustered as a function of the variety. The compounds overexpressed in “Jardin de Granville” variety were highlighted thanks to ANOVA test. Flower was the most discriminative organ with 15 overexpressed molecules. Auto MS/MS analyses led to their tentative identifications.ConclusionThe non‐targeted metabolomic approach revealed the importance of tannins to discriminate close rose varieties. The overexpressed hydrolysable tannins characteristic of “Jardin de Granville” can be responsible for the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties of the rose cosmetic ingredients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast Sampling, Analyses and Chemometrics for Plant Breeding: Bitter Acids, Xanthohumol and Terpenes in Lupulin Glands of Hops (Humulus lupulus)
Authors: Killeen Daniel P. , Watkins Oliver C. , Sansom Catherine E. , Andersen David H. , Gordon Keith C. , Perry Nigel B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe valuable secondary metabolites in hops (bitter acids, xanthohumol, volatile monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) are sequestered in lupulin glands (extracellular trichomes) which can be collected and analysed with little or no sample preparation.ObjectivesTo determine whether high throughput screening of lupulin glands composition, by fast analyses and chemometrics, could be used for breeder selection of hops with key flavour attributes.MethodsLupulin glands from 139 plants (39 cultivars/advanced selections) were analysed by Raman and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and head‐space solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) GC‐FID. The digital X,Y‐data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and the results compared with conventional analyses of extracts of whole hops from the same plants. Quantitative 1H NMR analyses were also done for the bitter acids.ResultsRaman spectroscopy rapidly identified hops cultivars with high xanthohumol concentrations and high α:β bitter acid ratios. 1H NMR spectroscopy was slower, requiring a solvent extraction, but distinguished cultivars by cohumulone content as well as α:β acid ratios. HS‐SPME‐GC rapidly distinguished aroma hops with high myrcene and farnesene contents, and pinpointed a novel selection with unusual sesquiterpenes. The quantitative NMR analyses showed correlations between bitter acid concentrations related to biosynthetic pathways.ConclusionsAnalysis of lupulin glands gave reliable results for the main quality indicators used by hops breeders, potentially avoiding harvesting, drying and solvent extracting whole hops. PCA of digital X,Y‐data rapidly discriminated different hops chemotypes, and highlighted plants with potential for new flavourcultivars. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytoecdysteroids as antifeedants towards several beetles that include polyphagous and monophagous feeding guilds
Authors: Jurenka Russell , Russell Kathryn , O'Neal Matthew 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlants are thought to produce ecdysteroids as a means of protection from insect herbivores. Some insects will not feed on plants containing high amounts of phytoecdysteroids, and this response could be limited to monophagous and oligophagous insects. The aim of this study was to determine whether phytoecdysteroids could inhibit feeding in several species of beetles that range from monophagous to polyphagous.RESULTSHere we demonstrate that phytoecdysteroids, including 20‐hydroxyecdysone, prevent several beetle species from feeding on preferred host plants, including the polyphagous Japanese beetle Popillia japonica (Scarabaeidae). Phytoecdysteroids prevented feeding damage when sprayed onto soybean plants in no‐choice and choice assays in a dose‐dependent manner. Laboratory assays indicate that other plants could be protected from Japanese beetle herbivory, including linden, wild grape, elm, Virginia creeper and rose leaves. Additional beetle species tested in the family Chrysomelidae included the oligophagous Cerotoma trifurcata and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and the monophagous Trirhabda canadensis. All species were prevented from feeding when their preferred host plants were treated with phytoecdysteroids.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that beetles, representing polyphagous and monophagous feeding guilds, can be prevented from feeding when phytoecdysteroids are applied to the leaf surface. The phytoecdysteroids could be utilized in pest management towards a variety of beetles, including the more pestiferous polyphagous species, if the compounds are placed on the leaf surface. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Basis of ACCase and ALS inhibitor resistance in Hordeum glaucum Steud
Authors: Shergill Lovreet S , Malone Jenna , Boutsalis Peter , Preston Christopher , Gill Gurjeet 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcetyl coenzyme‐A carboxylase (ACCase) and/or acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor resistance has been identified by herbicide resistance screening in eight populations obtained from cropping regions of South Australia. This study aimed to quantify the level of resistance and characterise the molecular basis of resistance to ACCase and ALS inhibitors in these H. glaucum populations.RESULTSH. glaucum populations from the Upper‐North region were highly resistant (resistance index RI > 12) to the aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) herbicides quizalofop and haloxyfop and less resistant (RI = 2–12) to cyclohexanedione (CHD) herbicide clethodim, and some Mid‐North populations had a low level of resistance (RI = 2–6) to the sulfonylurea (SU) herbicide mesosulfuron. Gene sequencing confirmed the presence of Ile‐1781‐Leu, Ile‐2041‐Asn and Gly‐2096‐Ala mutations in the ACCase gene, with no mutation found in the ALS gene. The use of the known metabolic inhibitor malathion in combination with mesosulfuron enhanced the activity of this herbicide. These populations were also susceptible to SU herbicide sulfometuron.CONCLUSIONThis study has documented APP‐to‐CHD herbicide cross‐resistance, the first case of ACCase inhibitor resistance due to Ile‐2041‐Asn mutation, and characterised the resistance to ALS inhibitors in H. glaucum. Resistance to ACCase inhibitors is due to a target‐site mutation. The reversal of SU resistance by malathion and susceptibility to sulfometuron suggests that non‐target‐site mechanisms confer resistance to ALS inhibitors. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Chance and design in proinsecticide discovery
Authors: Salgado Vincent L , David Michael D 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMany insecticides are inactive on their target sites in the form that is sold and applied, needing first to be bioactivated. This proinsecticide strategy has often been achieved by design, through systematic derivatization of intrinsically active molecules with protecting groups that mask their toxic effects until their selective removal in target insects by metabolic enzymes generates the toxiphore. Proinsecticides can be designed to gain selectivity between target and non‐target organisms, or to improve bioavailability by enhancing plant or insect uptake. In most cases, however, chance trumps design in proinsecticide discovery: most first‐in‐class products that we now know to be proinsecticides were only discovered a posteriori to be such, often after having been on the market for years. Knowing the active form of an insecticide is essential to mode of action identification, and early mode of action studies on novel chemotypes should take into account the possibility that the compounds might be proinsecticides. This paper reviews examples of proinsecticides in the marketplace, strategies for making proinsecticides and techniques for unmasking proinsecticides in mode of action studies. Our analysis of global agrochemical sales data shows that 34% of the dollar value of crop insecticides used in 2015 were proinsecticides. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A global convergent outlier robust adaptive predictor for MIMO Hammerstein models
Authors: Filipovic Vojislav Z. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe paper considers the outlier‐robust recursive stochastic approximation algorithm for adaptive prediction of multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) Hammerstein model with a static nonlinear block in polynomial form and a linear block is output error (OE) model. It is assumed that there is a priori information about a distribution class to which a real disturbance belongs. Within the framework of these assumptions, the main contributions of this paper are: (i) for MIMO Hammerstein OE model, the stochastic approximation algorithm, based on robust statistics (in the sense of Huber), is derived; (ii) scalar gain of algorithm is exactly determined using the Laplace function; and (iii) a global convergence of robust adaptive predictor is proved. The proof is based on martingale theory and generalized strictly positive real conditions. Practical behavior of algorithm was illustrated by simulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.