bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Dissemination, Implementation, and Improvement Science in CTSAs through Regional Partnerships
Authors: Inkelas Moira , Brown Arleen F. , Vassar Stefanie D. , Sankaré Ibrahima C. , Martinez Arturo B. , Kubicek Katrina , Kuo Tony , Mahajan Anish , Gould Michael , Mittman Brian S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and ImportanceChallenges in healthcare policy and practice have stimulated interest in dissemination and implementation science. The Institute of Medicine Committee on the Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) program recommended expanding the CTSA program's investment and activity in this domain. Guidance is needed to facilitate successful growth of DII science infrastructure, activity and impacts.ObjectivesSeveral CTSAs in Southern California collaborated to identify and respond to local challenges and opportunities to expand dissemination, implementation and improvement research by strengthening capacity and relationships between DII researchers and community, health system, and population health partners.Main outcomesPlanning and outreach by the Southern California CTSAs increased awareness and interest in DII research and generated recommendations for growth. Recommendations include: increasing strong partnerships with healthcare and population health systems to guide policy research agendas and collaborative DII science; promoting multi‐sector partnerships that involve researchers and delivery systems throughout DII processes; bringing together multiple disciplines; and addressing national and international barriers as well as opportunities in DII science.ImplicationsCTSAs through regional collaboration can increase their contributions to improved community health via skill‐building, partnership development and enhanced outreach to local healthcare and public health agencies and delivery systems.
Team Science Approach to Developing Consensus on Research Good Practices for Practice‐Based Research Networks: A Case Study
Authors: Campbell‐Voytal Kimberly , Daly Jeanette M. , Nagykaldi Zsolt J. , Aspy Cheryl B. , Dolor Rowena J. , Fagnan Lyle J. , Levy Barcey T. , Palac Hannah L. , Michaels LeAnn , Patterson V. Beth , Kano Miria , Smith Paul D. , Sussman Andrew L. , Williams Robert , Sterling Pamela , O'Beirne Maeve , Neale Anne Victoria 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUsing peer learning strategies, seven experienced PBRNs working in collaborative teams articulated procedures for PBRN Research Good Practices (PRGPs). The PRGPs is a PBRN‐specific resource to facilitate PBRN management and staff training, to promote adherence to study protocols, and to increase validity and generalizability of study findings. This paper describes the team science processes which culminated in the PRGPs. Skilled facilitators used team science strategies and methods from the Technology of Participation (ToP®), and the Consensus Workshop Method to support teams to codify diverse research expertise in practice‐based research. The participatory nature of “sense‐making” moved through identifiable stages. Lessons learned include (1) team input into the scope of the final outcome proved vital to project relevance; (2) PBRNs with diverse domains of research expertise contributed broad knowledge on each topic; and (3) ToP® structured facilitation techniques were critical for establishing trust and clarifying the “sense‐making” process.
A structural stress‐based critical plane method for multiaxial fatigue life estimation in welded joints
Authors: Jiang C. , Liu Z. C. , Wang X. G. , Zhang Z. , Long X. Y. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper aims at proposing a new fatigue life estimation model that is preferably adapted to welded joints subjected to multiaxial loading. First, a mesh‐size insensitive structural stress is defined that enables to characterize the stress concentration effect appropriately. Second, the multiaxial stress state and loading path influence are taken into account in the lifetime prediction model by adopting a suitable critical plane method, originally proposed by Carpinteri and co‐authors. Experimental verification is conducted for a given welded joint geometry under different loading conditions, including uniaxial, torsional and multiaxial loads. The reliability and effectiveness of the new method are validated through substantive fatigue testing data.
Prescription opioid analgesics for pain management in Australia: 20 years of dispensing
Authors: Islam M. M. , McRae I. S. , Mazumdar S. , Taplin S. , McKetin R. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundOpioid prescribing/dispensing data can inform policy surrounding regulation by informing trends and types of opioid prescribed and geographic variations. In Australia so far only partial data on dispensing have been published, and data for states/territories remain unknown.AimUsing a range of measures, this study examines 20‐year (1992–2011) trends in prescription opioid analgesics in Australia – both nationally and for individual jurisdictions.MethodsDispensing data were obtained from the Drug Utilisation Sub‐Committee and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) websites. Trends in numbers of prescriptions and daily defined dose (DDD)/1000 people/day were examined over time and across states/territories. Seasonal variations in PBS/Repatriation Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (RPBS) items for nationwide dispensing were adjusted using a centred moving smoothing technique.ResultsIn two decades, 165.32 million prescriptions for opioids were dispensed, with codeine and its derivatives the most prescribed formulation (50.1%) followed by tramadol (13.5%) and oxycodone derivatives (12.7%). In terms of DDD/1000 people/day, dispensing increased from 5.38 in 1992 to 14.46 in 2011. There are significant increasing trends for total, PBS/RPBS and under co‐payment prescriptions (priced below patient co‐payment). The DDD/1000 people/day for items dispensed through PBS/RPBS was highest in Tasmania.ConclusionPrescription opioid dispensing increased substantially over the study period. With an ageing population, this trend is likely to continue in future. A growing concern about harms associated with opioid use warrants balanced control measures so that harms could be minimised without reducing effective pain treatment. Research examining utilisation in small geographic areas may help design spatially tailored interventions. A real‐time drug‐monitoring programme may reduce undue prescribing and dispensing.
Une typologie des économies selon les dimensions de l'emploi dans l'économie informelle
Authors: WILLIAMS Colin C. 
Published: November 2015

RésuméCompte tenu de l'importance des activités informelles, l'auteur propose de classer les pays selon les dimensions de l'emploi dans l'économie informelle plutôt que selon la composition de l'économie formelle. A partir de données du BIT portant sur trente‐six pays en développement, il fait apparaître une corrélation significative entre l'étendue et l'intensité de l'informalité et différents indicateurs sociaux et économiques: PNB par habitant, degré de corruption et de pauvreté et niveau de l'impôt et des cotisations sociales. Les implications de ces résultats pour la réflexion théorique et l'action sont ensuite exposées.
The End of a Noble Narrative? European Integration Narratives after the Nobel Peace Prize
Authors: Manners Ian , Murray Philomena 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize 2012 to the EU (European Union) came as a surprise. Not only was the eurozone economic crisis undermining both policy effectiveness and public support for the EU, but it was also seriously challenging the EU's image in global politics. The eurozone crisis, the Nobel Prize and the search for a ‘new narrative for Europe’ demonstrate that the processes of European integration are always narrated as sense‐making activities – stories people tell to make sense of their reality. This article argues in favour of a narrative approach to European integration through the construction and application of an analytical framework drawing on different theoretical perspectives. This framework is then applied to six European integration narratives to demonstrate the value of a narrative approach. The article concludes that narrative analysis provides a means of understanding both EU institutional and non‐institutional narratives of European integration.
European Fantasies: On the EU's Political Myths and the Affective Potential of Utopian Imaginaries for European Identity
Authors: Kølvraa Christoffer 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe question of European identity today seems to be all the more pressing, as the current financial crisis is not only quickly developing into one of internal political cohesion for the Union, but has also certainly aggravated the long‐standing problem of a lack of identification with the European political project among European populations. This article seeks to discuss this disenchantment with Europe through a concept of political myth. It argues that political myths entail both narrations of communal origins and utopian horizons of the communal future. Drawing on insights from Lacanian psychoanalysis, it connects the utopian dimension of myth to the level of affective investment in political communities, and suggests that the disenchantment with the European project might be partly due to the fact that its original utopian horizon – that of peace in Europe – today seems to have been achieved.
Transplantation of dental pulp stem cells suppressed inflammation in sciatic nerves by promoting macrophage polarization towards anti‐inflammation phenotypes and ameliorated diabetic polyneuropathy
Authors: Omi Maiko , Hata Masaki , Nakamura Nobuhisa , Miyabe Megumi , Kobayashi Yasuko , Kamiya Hideki , Nakamura Jiro , Ozawa Shogo , Tanaka Yoshinobu , Takebe Jun , Matsubara Tatsuaki , Naruse Keiko 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionDental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are thought to be an attractive candidate for cell therapy. We recently reported that the transplantation of DPSCs increased nerve conduction velocity and nerve blood flow in diabetic rats. In the present study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of DPSC transplantation on diabetic peripheral nerves.Materials and MethodsDPSCs were isolated from the dental pulp of Sprague–Dawley rats and expanded in culture. Eight weeks after the streptozotocin injection, DPSCs were transplanted into the unilateral hindlimb skeletal muscles. Four weeks after DPSC transplantation, neurophysiological measurements, inflammatory gene expressions and the number of CD68‐positive cells in sciatic nerves were assessed. To confirm the immunomodulatory effects of DPSCs, the effects of DPSC‐conditioned media on lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were investigated.ResultsDiabetic rats showed significant delays in sciatic nerve conduction velocities and decreased sciatic nerve blood flow, all of which were ameliorated by DPSC transplantation. The number of CD68‐positive monocytes/macrophages and the gene expressions of M1 macrophage‐expressed cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β, were increased in the sciatic nerves of the diabetic rats. DPSC transplantation significantly decreased monocytes/macrophages and tumor necrosis factor‐α messenger ribonucleic acid expression, and increased the gene expression of the M2 macrophage marker, CD206, in the sciatic nerves of the diabetic rats. The in vitro study showed that DPSC‐conditioned media significantly increased the gene expressions of interleukin‐10 and CD206 in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells.ConclusionsThese results suggest that DPSC transplantation promoted macrophages polarization towards anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotypes, which might be one of the therapeutic mechanisms for diabetic polyneuropathy.
Recall memory in children with Down syndrome and typically developing peers matched on developmental age
Authors: Milojevich H. , Lukowski A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundWhereas research has indicated that children with Down syndrome (DS) imitate demonstrated actions over short delays, it is presently unknown whether children with DS recall information over lengthy delays at levels comparable with typically developing (TD) children matched on developmental age.MethodIn the present research, 10 children with DS and 10 TD children participated in a two‐session study to examine basic processes associated with hippocampus‐dependent recall memory. At the first session, the researcher demonstrated how to complete a three‐step action sequence with novel stimuli; immediate imitation was permitted as an index of encoding. At the second session, recall memory was assessed for previously modelled sequences; children were also presented with two novel three‐step control sequences.ResultsThe results indicated that group differences were not apparent in the encoding of the events or the forgetting of information over time. Group differences were also not observed when considering the recall of individual target actions at the 1‐month delay, although TD children produced more target actions overall at the second session relative to children with DS. Group differences were found when considering memory for temporal order information, such that TD children evidenced recall relative to novel control sequences, whereas children with DS did not.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that children with DS may have difficulty with mnemonic processes associated with consolidation/storage and/or retrieval processes relative to TD children.
Trained immunity: a new avenue for tuberculosis vaccine development
Authors: Lerm M. , Netea M. G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAdaptive immunity towards tuberculosis (TB) has been extensively studied for many years. In addition, in recent years the profound contribution of innate immunity to host defence against this disease has become evident. The discovery of pattern recognition receptors, which allow innate immunity to tailor its response to different infectious agents, has challenged the view that this arm of immunity is nonspecific. Evidence is now accumulating that innate immunity can remember a previous exposure to a microorganism and respond differently during a second exposure. Although the specificity and memory of innate immunity cannot compete with the highly sophisticated adaptive immune response, its contribution to host defence against infection and to vaccine‐induced immunity should not be underestimated and needs to be explored. Here, we present the concept of trained immunity and discuss how this may contribute to new avenues for control of TB.
Perceived Sensory Characteristics of Wood by Consumers and Trained Evaluators
Authors: de Morais Isabela Carvalho , Pereira Andréa Franco 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe increase in wood consumption has led to the search for species that guarantee a volume of production and the least possible environmental impact. It, therefore, becomes necessary to investigate the reason behind consumer choices for certain types of wood. The designer is essential in this interpretation of reasons that lead the user to opt for a product, transforming subjective preferences into tangible design characteristics. This article presents research that investigated users’ tactile and visual perceptions of wood. Tests with users, based on sensory analysis proved to be an appropriate method to study the relationship between people's subjective judgment and the technical characteristics of the products. The outcome of this study reveals the possibility of further investigations concerning the perceived aspects of users, which can add value to planted forest timber.Practical ApplicationsThe outcome of this study reveals the possibility of further investigations concerning the perceived aspects of users’ choice when analyzing wood samples, adding value to planted forest timber. Tests with users to explore liking and their relation with attribute tests with experts are important in understanding user preferences and in investigation of user choices of certain types of wood. Through this it is possible to guide the product development. Designers are essential in this interpretation of reasons of user's choice, transforming subjective preferences into product tangible characteristics. Relating physical and hedonic aspects allows for the enhancement of product design, and the preference map allows for the guidance of the comprehension of this analysis. The preference map analysis is possible using quantitative data from the material researched.
How Does Product Preparation Affect Sensory Properties? An Example with Coffee
Authors: Sanchez Karolina , Chambers Edgar 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMany products are sold that will be prepared by consumers in ways that suit their particular needs. For example, coffee may be prepared in a variety of different ways depending on the occasion and the purpose, even when sensory testing is conducted. This study identified how the sensory properties of a preparation method used in a controlled sensory study or a quality grading system compared to those used with consumer preparation methods for three different high quality coffees. Colombian coffees prepared using a consumer drip coffee maker, a home or food service automated espresso machine, a coffee grader “cupping” method and a filtered infusion method were tested by trained panelists. The cupping method produced a higher intensity for the “roasted” flavor attribute across all samples. This method also tended to produce higher scores for burnt and acrid than other brewing methods. Flavor and aroma attributes both varied with preparation methods, but not necessarily in the same ways. Surprisingly, the drip brewing method showed the most differences in the three coffee samples for aroma, flavor and aftertaste attributes, but other methods may be appropriate depending on the objectives.Practical ApplicationsResults suggest that differences in the intensity of flavor and mouthfeel attributes of coffee samples depend on the brewing method used to prepare them. Thus, using only one method when conducting sensory or quality testing can be a limiting component in the information gathered in a sensory study, in this case, coffee. The brewing method is a critical factor to consider in future coffee studies with the best method used depending on the objectives of each researcher and the ultimate goal of each study.
The Perception of Female Smokers with Fibromyalgia on the Effects of Smoking on Fibromyalgia Symptoms
Authors: Weingarten Toby N. , Vincent Ann , Luedtke Connie A. , Beebe Timothy J. , Welch Tasha L. , Chong Elisa Y. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Warner David O. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveSmokers with fibromyalgia have greater pain intensity and function impairment compared to nonsmokers. Patients’ perceptions of interactions between smoking and fibromyalgia symptoms have not been described. The primary aim of this study was to report the perceptions of female smokers with fibromyalgia on how smoking affects symptoms.MethodsForty‐eight daily smokers with fibromyalgia enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Fibromyalgia Treatment Center completed the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, General Anxiety Disorder‐7 and a Fibromyalgia Symptoms and Smoking Survey which queried how smoking directly affected fibromyalgia symptoms (eg, pain, tiredness/fatigue, stiffness, nervousness/anxiety, depression/blueness, irritability, concentration, and overall) or indirectly as a coping mechanism.ResultsThe majority of subjects reported smoking had no direct effect on fibromyalgia physical symptoms (pain [60% reported no effect], fatigue [56%], stiffness [81%]) but direct improvement of emotional symptoms (anxiety [62% reported improvement], irritability [64%]). The majority of subjects used smoking to cope with pain (69%) via distraction (83%) and relaxation (77%), lessening emotional distress by reducing a sense of frustration (83%) or sadness (54%) because of pain, and as a justification for resting vis‐à‐vis “smoke breaks” (69%). Thirty‐one smokers were mildly and 17 moderately/severely dependent on tobacco, and no difference in fibromyalgia impact score (P = 0.70), pain (P = 0.39), depression (P = 0.20), and anxiety (P = 0.64) scores were detected, but more moderately/severely dependent subjects reported smoking improved pain (50% vs. 17%, P = 0.04).DiscussionSmokers with fibromyalgia reported smoking helped to cope with fibromyalgia pain but generally did not directly ameliorate fibromyalgia physical symptoms.
Changes in Testicular Interstitial Connective Tissue of Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) During Ageing and After Exposure to Short Photoperiod
Authors: Beltrán‐Frutos E , Seco‐Rovira V , Ferrer C , Martínez‐Hernández J , Madrid JF , Sáez FJ , Canteras M , Pastor LM 
Published: November 2015

ContentsThe testicular interstitium of Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) was studied during ageing and in testicular regression after exposure to a short photoperiod, in relation to the interstitial cells and their connective tissue. This tissue was assessed histochemically using Masson's trichrome technique and the expression of Heat Shock Protein 47 (HSP‐47) and collagen IV (α5) was assessed in Leydig cells. Finally, an ultrastructural analysis of some cells of the testicular interstitium was made. Leydig cells were positive for HSP‐47 and collagen IV (α5). Ageing did not change the parameters studied while the short photoperiod altered the synthetic activity of Leydig cells. The positivity index of these cells for HSP‐47 was significantly higher in the regressed testis, but was lower for collagen IV (α5). During ageing no change were observed. Ultrastructural Leydig cells showed a discontinuous basal lamina that did not change during ageing. The basal lamina was not identified in Leydig cells regressed by exposure to a short photoperiod. In conclusion; the intertubular connective tissue suffers little change with age. By contrast, in the testis regressed after exposure to a short photoperiod the studied parameters related to the intertubular connective tissue were altered. These changes are probably related with the low synthetic activity of regressed Leydig cell.