bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergic asthma: an overview of metabolomic strategies leading to the identification of biomarkers in the field
Authors: Villaseñor A. , Rosace D. , Obeso D. , Pérez‐Gordo M. , Chivato T. , Barbas C. , Barber D. , Escribese M. M. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryAllergic asthma is a prominent disease especially during childhood. Indoor allergens, in general, and particularly house dust mites (HDM) are the most prevalent sensitizers associated with allergic asthma. Available data show that 65–130 million people are mite‐sensitized world‐wide and as many as 50% of these are asthmatic. In fact, sensitization to HDM in the first years of life can produce devastating effects on pulmonary function leading to asthmatic syndromes that can be fatal. To date, there has been considerable research into the pathological pathways and structural changes associated with allergic asthma. However, limitations related to the disease heterogeneity and a lack of knowledge into its pathophysiology have impeded the generation of valuable data needed to appropriately phenotype patients and, subsequently, treat this disease. Here, we report a systematic and integral analysis of the disease, from airway remodelling to the immune response taking place throughout the disease stages. We present an overview of metabolomics, the management of complex multifactorial diseases through the analysis of all possible metabolites in a biological sample, obtaining a global interpretation of biological systems. Special interest is placed on the challenges to obtain biological samples and the methodological aspects to acquire relevant information, focusing on the identification of novel biomarkers associated with specific phenotypes of allergic asthma. We also present an overview of the metabolites cited in the literature, which have been related to inflammation and immune response in asthma and other allergy‐related diseases.
Auckland cataract study 2: clinical outcomes of phacoemulsification cataract surgery in a public teaching hospital
Authors: Kim Bia Z , Patel Dipika V , McGhee Charles NJ 
Published: February 2017

AbstractImportanceA contemporary benchmark for the most common ophthalmic surgery.BackgroundTo assess patient characteristics and outcomes of contemporary phacoemulsification cataract surgery in a New Zealand public teaching hospital setting.DesignProspective observational study.ParticipantsConsecutive cases (n = 500) of phacoemulsification surgery between April and June 2015.MethodsAn independent observer assessed clinical and surgical data preoperatively and 4–6 weeks postoperatively.Main Outcome MeasuresVisual acuity, intraoperative and postoperative complications.ResultsMean age was 72.3 ± 11.9 years and 57% female. Mean preoperative best‐measured visual acuity was 6/30. Ocular comorbidity was present in 45.8% of eyes, most commonly glaucoma (10%), age‐related macular degeneration (8%) and diabetic retinopathy (8%). Systemically, hypertension (59%) and diabetes mellitus (31%) were prevalent. Mean contralateral best‐measured visual acuity was 6/12 (n = 495) with 62% being phakic. The rate of posterior capsular tear was 2.6% and cystoid macular oedema 3.5%. Intraoperative complication rates were not significantly different between surgeon levels (P = 0.234). However, registrars had fewer postoperative complications than fellows (2.2% vs. 11.9%, P = 0.012). Postoperatively, mean unaided and best‐measured visual acuity were 6/12 and 6/9.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study reports current phacoemulsification surgery outcomes in a major public teaching institution. A large proportion of patients exhibited systemic and ocular comorbidities, relatively dense cataracts and poor presenting visual acuity. However, visual outcomes and intraoperative complication rates were not statistically different between trainees and senior surgeons. Generally, outcomes reflect international standards and have improved since the last comparable study in this region.
Lactate levels and pneumonia severity index are good predictors of in‐hospital mortality in pneumonia
Authors: Demirel Bulut 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionPneumonia is an inflammatory disease caused by micro‐organisms. The pneumonia severity index (PSI) and CURB_65 scores are widely used to predict the mortality risk. We wanted to calculate the value of lactic acid level in predicting the mortality risk.Materials and methodsThis prospective cross‐sectional study performed in a third level education and research hospital. The pneumonia diagnosis was determined by symptoms, physical examination findings, and radiological findings.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 71.0 ± 16.5. The overall mortality rate was 21.8%. The mean lactate level was 3.53 ± 3.59. Lactate is significantly higher in patients who were died. The PSI and CURB_65 scores were higher in patients who died. The cutoff value of lactate level for mortality is 3.35 mmol/mm3. The cutoff point of PSI for mortality was 148.5 points; equal or over this point the mortality rate is 90.9%.DiscussionThe early prediction of the mortality risk is important to determine the high risk patients to hospitalize in intensive care unit and close follow up. The lactate level, PSI score and CURB_65 scores are good predictors for mortality. We can use them in emergency departments for risk stratification.
Climate variability drives population cycling and synchrony
Authors: Pomara Lars Y. , Zuckerberg Benjamin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThere is mounting concern that climate change will lead to the collapse of cyclic population dynamics, yet the influence of climate variability on population cycling remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that variability in survival and fecundity, driven by climate variability at different points in the life cycle, scales up from local populations to drive regional characteristics of population cycling and spatial synchronization.LocationForest in the US Upper Midwest and Great Lakes region.MethodsWe tested hypotheses linking variation in vital rates of Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus), a declining species that displays decadal population cycles, to temperature and precipitation anomalies and land use intensity, using rate estimates from multiple locations in eastern North America. We used climate‐demographic linkages to simulate spatially explicit population dynamics from 1982 to 2069, evaluated predictions against monitoring data and assessed predicted population dynamics under future climate projections.ResultsNest success and winter survival were linked to temperature and precipitation anomalies, and demographic models explained important spatio‐temporal characteristics of cycling and synchrony in monitoring data. The climate‐driven vital rates were necessary for cycling and synchrony in models, even though the four included climate variables were not individually periodic. Cycling and synchrony were stronger at more northerly latitudes, but this transition occurred abruptly, reflecting regional variation in winter conditions. Forecasts suggested climate‐driven cycling through mid‐century, followed by desynchronization and dampening.Main conclusionsClimate variability can drive spatio‐temporal variation in demographic rates, and population cycling can result from these relationships. Pathways linking climate to broad‐scale population dynamics involve responses of vital rates to several climate variables at different times of year and may be more complex than direct responses to known modes of climate variability. The wide‐ranging impact of climate change on the demographics of northerly adapted species has the potential to degrade patterns of population synchrony and cycling.
Autism spectrum disorder and other neurobehavioural comorbidities in rare disorders of the Ras/MAPK pathway
Authors: Garg Shruti , Brooks Ami , Burns Amy , Burkitt‐Wright Emma , Kerr Bronwyn , Huson Susan , Emsley Richard , Green Jonathan 
Published: February 2017

AimTo investigate the cognitive and behavioural phenotype in rare disorders of the Ras/MAPK pathway, namely Noonan, cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC), and Costello syndromes, particularly prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodFifty children were recruited over 10 months through the regional genetics service and advertisements. A range of parent, child, and observational measures were administered including Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale.ResultsUsing the Collaborative Programme for Excellence in Autism criteria, 12 out of 40 children with Noonan syndrome (30%) showed ASD, and 12 out of 40 (30%) with partial ASD features and 16 out of 40 (40%) showed non‐ASD. The Noonan syndrome ASD group showed male dominance in a ratio of 5:1. In the CFC group, eight out of nine children met the criteria for ASD, with equal sex distribution. Additionally 19 out of 40 (48%) of the Noonan syndrome group and eight out of nine (88.9%) of the CFC group scored met clinical criteria for ADHD. Only one child was in the Costello syndrome group.InterpretationThis is the first systematic study to suggest a high prevalence of ASD in Noonan and CFC syndromes, and thus offers crucial evidence to support the importance of the Ras/MAPK pathway in the aetiology of ASD. Limitations include the inevitable possibility of a sampling bias in a rare disorder study of this kind.
The differences between bisecting and off‐center cuts of the aortic root: The three‐dimensional anatomy of the aortic root reconstructed from the living heart
Authors: Mori Shumpei , Anderson Robert H. , Tahara Natsuko , Izawa Yu , Toba Takayoshi , Fujiwara Sei , Shimoyama Shinsuke , Watanabe Yoshiaki , Nishii Tatsuya , Kono Atsushi K. , Takahashi Satoru , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundIt is axiomatic that the diameter of the virtual basal ring of the aortic root, which is elliptical rather than circular, will differ when assessed using between bisecting as opposed to off‐center cuts. Such differences, however, which pertain directly to echocardiographic assessments of the so‐called valvar annulus, have yet to be systematically explored.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 30 patients undergoing coronary computed tomographic angiography, measuring the virtual basal ring diameter using routine multiplanar reconstructions. We made orthogonal bisecting cuts from the nadir of the hinge of the right coronary aortic leaflet to the center of the opposite inter‐leaflet fibrous triangle between the noncoronary and left coronary aortic leaflets. We compared these measurements with orthogonal off‐center cuts made through the nadirs of the hinges of the adjacent leaflets.ResultsThe measured diameter of the virtual basal ring was significantly longer when measured using the bisecting cut as opposed to all off‐center cuts (mean difference: 1.35±1.34 mm, P<.0001; 0.77±0.95 mm, P=.0001, respectively). The measured diameters of the sinuses of Valsalva, in contrast, were significantly shorter when measured using the bisecting cut (mean difference: −3.24±1.38 mm, P<.0001; −2.86±1.61 mm, P<.0001).ConclusionsThere are significant differences in the diameters of the aortic root, which represent the echocardiographic annulus, when measured using bisecting as opposed to off‐center cuts. Account should be taken of these differences when using cross‐sectional echocardiographic measurements to assess the dimensions of the aortic root.
Prevalence of dental trauma and use of mouthguards in professional handball players
Authors: Bergman Lana , Milardović Ortolan Slađana , Žarković Davor , Viskić Joško , Jokić Dražen , Mehulić Ketij 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground/AimPublished data about orofacial injuries and mouthguard use by professional handball players are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of orofacial trauma and mouthguard use in professional handball players.Materials and MethodsData were collected from 100 professional handball players through a questionnaire, which contained 17 questions about age, experience in playing handball, playing position, orofacial trauma experience during the past 12 months, type of injury and mouthguard use.ResultsAlmost half (49%) of the interviewed players experienced head and/or facial trauma during the past year. The most common injuries were soft tissue lacerations (39.6%). Dental injuries occurred in 22% of the participants, with socket bleeding being the most frequent injury (14%). Of the affected teeth, 76.9% were upper incisors. Mouthguards had a statistically significant protective role regarding tooth fractures and tooth avulsion (P=.043). Players who wore a mouthguard had a 5.55 times less chance of suffering dental injuries. Almost 76% of dental injuries resulted in complications afterward. Sixty‐seven percentage of the players knew that mouthguards could prevent injuries, but only 28% used them regularly. Of the players who wore a mouthguard regularly, 76.9% were advised to do so by their dentists.ConclusionsThe incidence of head and orofacial injuries among professional handball players is high. Mouthguards prevented severe dental injuries such as tooth fracture and avulsion, but their use was still limited.
“A Fantasy of Untouchable Fullness”: Melancholia and Resistance to Educational Transformation
Authors: Stillwaggon James 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe progressive language of growth and development that informs our shared ideal of the educated subject also informs the curricular structure of schooling, in which new learning builds upon established knowledge and students' development depends upon their desire to take on those identities associated with various achievements of knowledge. Each re‐creation of the student's identity requires a new production of the student's former identity as an uneducated self — a negative statement of the self‐overcome, fashioned in the language of the curriculum. But what of those objects of attachment or aspects of the child's identity that can neither be integrated in the student's educated identity nor accounted for as a recognizable lost object of childhood? In this essay James Stillwaggon argues that considering the student subject in terms of its melancholic attachments offers some alternatives to thinking of student identity primarily in terms of its progressive learning function. Julia Kristeva's treatment of melancholia as “asymbolia,” or against the representational function of language, is especially significant to this discussion, as it highlights the melancholic's resistance to the most basic educational purpose, namely the further engagement of the subject in language.
Mrs. Klein and Paulo Freire: Coda for the Pain of Symbolization in the Lifeworld of the Mind
Authors: Britzman Deborah P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe preceding symposium articles speculate on the psychosocial dynamics of discrimination as reverberating with grief, mourning, melancholia, and denial. They invite a psychoanalytic paradox on the fate of inchoate loss and its complex relation to oppression and depression: constellations of attachment to loss met with its social and psychical disavowal render inexpressible to the other the work of mourning and drive its myriad expressions. A different way of putting the dilemma is that grief calls upon symbolic equation (collapse of subject with object) and the pain of symbolization (contingency without certainty). Deborah Britzman's coda reads the psychoanalyst Melanie Klein's consideration of depression as the origin of the human condition with Paulo Freire's call to educators for a radical humanization to release oppression. Between Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed and Klein's Love, Guilt, and Reparation, the coda traces a signifying loss that attests to the entwined roots of the self/other matrix with attention to the needed fluctuations within interiority and exteriority, loss and the depressive position, illness and health, and psychoanalysis with pedagogy.
A novel animal model of acquired human temporal lobe epilepsy based on the simultaneous administration of kainic acid and lorazepam
Authors: Kienzler‐Norwood Friederike , Costard Lara , Sadangi Chinmaya , Müller Philipp , Neubert Valentin , Bauer Sebastian , Rosenow Felix , Norwood Braxton A. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryObjectiveKainic acid (KA) is a potent glutamate analog that is used to induce neurodegeneration and model temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in rodents. KA reliably induces severe, prolonged seizures, that is, convulsive status epilepticus (cSE), which is typically fatal without pharmacologic intervention. Although the use of KA to model human epilepsy has proven unquestionably valuable for >30 years, significant variability and mortality continue to confound results. These issues are probably the consequence of cSE, an all‐or‐nothing response that is inherently capricious and uncontrollable. The relevance of cSE to the human condition is dubious, however, as most patients with epilepsy never experienced it. We sought to develop a simple, KA‐based animal model of TLE that avoids cSE and its confounds.MethodsAdult, male Sprague‐Dawley rats received coincident subcutaneous injections of KA (5 mg) and lorazepam (0.25 mg), approximately 15.0 and 0.75 mg/kg, respectively. Continuous video–electroencephalography (EEG) was used to monitor acute seizure activity and detect spontaneous seizures. Immunocytochemistry, Fluoro‐Jade B staining, and Timm staining were used to characterize both acute and chronic neuropathology.ResultsAcutely, focal hippocampal seizures were induced, which began after about 30 min and were self‐terminating after a few hours. Widespread hippocampal neurodegeneration was detected after 4 days. Spontaneous, focal hippocampal seizures began after an average of 12 days in all animals. Classic hippocampal sclerosis and mossy fiber sprouting characterized the long‐term neuropathology. Morbidity and mortality rates were both 0%.SignificanceWe show here that the effects of systemic KA can be limited to the hippocampus simply with coadministration of a benzodiazepine at a low dose. This means that lorazepam can block convulsive seizures without truly stopping seizure activity. This novel, cSE‐free animal model reliably mimics the defining characteristics of acquired mesial TLE: hippocampal sclerosis and spontaneous hippocampal‐onset seizures after a prolonged seizure‐free period, without significant morbidity, mortality, or nonresponders.
Cytotoxicity and bioactivity of various pulpotomy materials on stem cells from human exfoliated primary teeth
Authors: Collado‐González M. , García‐Bernal D. , Oñate‐Sánchez R. E. , Ortolani‐Seltenerich P. S. , Álvarez‐Muro T. , Lozano A. , Forner L. , Llena C. , Moraleda J. M. , Rodríguez‐Lozano F. J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimsTo investigate the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of several pulpotomy materials: Biodentine (Septodont, Saint‐Maur‐des‐Fosses, France) MTA (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil), Theracal LC (Bisco Inc., Schamburg, IL, USA) and IRM (Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), after contact with stem cells isolated from human exfoliated primary teeth (SHEDs).MethodologySHEDs were cultured in the presence of the eluates of various pulpotomy materials for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell viability was determined by mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymatic (MTT) assay. Apoptosis and changes in cell phenotype were evaluated by flow cytometry. Also, an in vitro scratch wound‐healing assay was used to determine their effects on cell migration. To assess cell morphology and attachment to the different pulpotomy materials, SHEDs were directly seeded onto the material surfaces and analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the deposition of a calcified matrix in presence of these materials was verified by Alizarin Red staining. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and Bonferroni or Tukey post‐test (α = 0.05).ResultsCell viability in the presence of Biodentine eluates was significantly higher to that obtained using complete medium alone (control; P < 0.01) and was also significantly higher than using MTA Angelus from 48 h of incubation (P < 0.01). However, Theracal LC and IRM were associated with low rates of cell viability (P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained in an apoptosis assay. In addition, SHEDs maintained their mesenchymal phenotype in all conditions although their capacity to migrate was higher in the presence of Biodentine. SEM studies revealed a suitable proliferation rate, cell spreading and attachment, especially when using Biodentine and MTA Angelus discs. Finally, Biodentine eluates significantly induced calcified matrix deposition from 7 days of culture (P < 0.01).ConclusionsBiodentine exhibited better cytocompatibility and bioactivity than MTA Angelus, Theracal LC and IRM.
Enabling healthy living: Experiences of people with severe mental illness in psychiatric outpatient services
Authors: Blomqvist Marjut , Sandgren Anna , Carlsson Ing‐Marie , Jormfeldt Henrika 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIt is well known that people with severe mental illness have a reduced life expectancy and a greater risk of being affected by preventable physical illnesses such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. There are still, however, only a few published studies focusing on what enables healthy living for this group. This study thus aimed to describe what enables healthy living among people with severe mental illness in psychiatric outpatient services. The data were collected in qualitative interviews (n = 16) and content analysis was used to analyze the data. The interviews resulted in an overall theme “Being regarded as a whole human being by self and others”, which showed the multidimensional nature of health and the issues that enable healthy living among people with severe mental illness. Three categories emerged: (i) everyday structure (ii), motivating life events and (iii) support from significant others. The results indicate that a person with severe mental illness needs to be encountered as a whole person if healthy living is to be enabled. Attaining healthy living requires collaboration between the providers of care, help and support. Health care organizations need to work together to develop and provide interventions to enable healthy living and to reduce poor physical health among people with severe mental illness.
A comparison of the merchant and agency models in the hotel industry
Authors: Liao Peng , Ye Fei , Wu Xiaoli 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn addition to a hotel's direct sales channel, the hotel can choose whether to use the online travel agency (OTA) channel, and run a dual‐channel distribution system. For the hotel, selling rooms through OTA expands the available market, but comes at some expense, such as fewer allocated rooms for its own direct channel. In this paper, we formulate a theoretical game model to analyze the impact of various parameters on the channel and pricing decisions. We also compare the impact of form of contract, where the contract between hotel and OTA can be based on either the merchant or agency model. We show the impact of capacity on the hotel's channel choice. In the dual‐channel system, we find that the OTA prefers the agency model over the merchant model when the hotel's capacity is small. We also propose a revenue‐sharing contract that can achieve channel coordination for both hotel and OTA retailers under both models.