bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental and occupational risk factors for progressive supranuclear palsy: Case‐control study
Authors: Litvan Irene , Lees Peter S.J. , Cunningham Christopher R. , Rai Shesh N. , Cambon Alexander C. , Standaert David G. , Marras Connie , Juncos Jorge , Riley David , Reich Stephen , Hall Deborah , Kluger Benzi , Bordelon Yvette , Shprecher David R. ,   for ENGENE‐PSP
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe cause of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is largely unknown. Based on evidence for impaired mitochondrial activity in PSP, we hypothesized that the disease may be related to exposure to environmental toxins, some of which are mitochondrial inhibitors.MethodsThis multicenter case‐control study included 284 incident PSP cases of 350 cases and 284 age‐, sex‐, and race‐matched controls primarily from the same geographical areas. All subjects were administered standardized interviews to obtain data on demographics, residential history, and lifetime occupational history. An industrial hygienist and a toxicologist unaware of case status assessed occupational histories to estimate past exposure to metals, pesticides, organic solvents, and other chemicals.ResultsCases and controls were similar on demographic factors. In unadjusted analyses, PSP was associated with lower education, lower income, more smoking pack‐years, more years of drinking well water, more years living on a farm, more years living 1 mile from an agricultural region, more transportation jobs, and more jobs with exposure to metals in general. However, in adjusted models, only more years of drinking well water was significantly associated with PSP. There was an inverse association with having a college degree.ConclusionsWe did not find evidence for a specific causative chemical exposure; higher number of years of drinking well water is a risk factor for PSP. This result remained significant after adjusting for income, smoking, education and occupational exposures. This is the first case‐control study to demonstrate PSP is associated with environmental factors. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Comparison of peripheral near‐infrared spectroscopy low‐frequency oscillations to other denoising methods in resting state functional MRI with ultrahigh temporal resolution
Authors: Hocke Lia M. , Tong Yunjie , Lindsey Kimberly P. , de B. Frederick Blaise 
Published: February 2016

PurposeFunctional MRI (fMRI) blood–oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) signals result not only from neuronal activation, but also from nonneuronal physiological processes. These changes, especially in the low‐frequency domain (0.01–0.2 Hz), can significantly confound inferences about neuronal processes. It is crucial to effectively identify these nuisance low‐frequency oscillations (LFOs).MethodA high temporal resolution (repetition time, ∼0.5 s) fMRI resting state study was conducted with simultaneous physiological measurements to compare LFOs measured directly by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the periphery and three methods that model LFOs from the respiration or cardiac signal: 1) the respiration volume per time (RVT), 2) the respiratory variation (RVRRF), and 3) the cardiac variation method (HRCRF). The LFO noise regressors from these methods were compared temporally and spatially as well as in their denoising efficiency.ResultsMethods were not highly correlated with one another, temporally or spatially. The set of two NIRS LFOs combined explained over 13% of BOLD signal variance and explained equal or more variance than HRCRF and RVRRF or RVT combined (in 14 of 16 participants).ConclusionLFOs collected using NIRS in the periphery contain distinct temporal and spatial information about the LFOs in BOLD fMRI that is not contained in current low‐frequency denoising methods derived from respiration and cardiac pulsation. Magn Reson Med 76:1697–1707, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Targeted vessel reconstruction in non‐contrast‐enhanced steady‐state free precession angiography
Authors: Ilicak Efe , Cetin Suheyla , Bulut Elif , Oguz Kader Karli , Saritas Emine Ulku , Unal Gozde , Çukur Tolga 
Published: February 2016

Image quality in non‐contrast‐enhanced (NCE) angiograms is often limited by scan time constraints. An effective solution is to undersample angiographic acquisitions and to recover vessel images with penalized reconstructions. However, conventional methods leverage penalty terms with uniform spatial weighting, which typically yield insufficient suppression of aliasing interference and suboptimal blood/background contrast. Here we propose a two‐stage strategy where a tractographic segmentation is employed to auto‐extract vasculature maps from undersampled data. These maps are then used to incur spatially adaptive sparsity penalties on vascular and background regions. In vivo steady‐state free precession angiograms were acquired in the hand, lower leg and foot. Compared with regular non‐adaptive compressed sensing (CS) reconstructions (CSlow), the proposed strategy improves blood/background contrast by 71.3 ± 28.9% in the hand (mean ± s.d. across acceleration factors 1–8), 30.6 ± 11.3% in the lower leg and 28.1 ± 7.0% in the foot (signed‐rank test, P < 0.05 at each acceleration). The proposed targeted reconstruction can relax trade‐offs between image contrast, resolution and scan efficiency without compromising vessel depiction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron salen‐catalysed oxidative coupling of phenol derivatives: formaldehyde‐free access to amphiphilic polymers
Authors: Stöhr Antonia , Tabatabai Monir , Favresse Philippe , Roland Katrin , Ritter Helmut 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe oxidative coupling of 4‐tert‐butylphenol (1), 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐p‐cresol (11) and 4‐cyanophenol (10) in the presence of iron salen catalysts (salen = N,N′‐bis(salicylidine)ethylenediamine) and the influence of amine additives on the conversion of 1 were investigated. Furthermore, the activity of the iron complexes was correlated with the substituents at the 5,5′‐positions of the salen ligands. Mechanistically conclusions based on dimer formation in the reaction between 10 and 11 are presented. In the second part of the study the obtained hydrophobic poly(4‐tert‐butylphenol) was modified with Jeffamine® M‐600, M‐1000 or M‐2070 to give amphiphilic copolymers (18a–c). The amphiphilic copolymers were characterized via size‐exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering. The concentration dependence of the cloud point appearance in water of amphiphilic copolymer 18c was analysed via turbidity measurements. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
RNA interference of cytochrome P450 CYP6F subfamily genes affects susceptibility to different insecticides in Locusta migratoria
Authors: Guo Yanqiong , Wu Haihua , Zhang Xueyao , Ma Enbo , Guo Yaping , Zhu Kun Yan , Zhang Jianzhen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany insect cytochrome P450s (CYPs) play critical roles in detoxification of insecticides. The CYP6 family is unique to the class Insecta, and its biochemical function has essentially been associated with the metabolism of xenobiotics. In this study, we sequenced and characterised the full‐length cDNAs of five CYP genes from Locusta migratoria, a highly destructive agricultural pest worldwide.RESULTSThe five genes were predominantly expressed in brain, guts, fat bodies or Malpighian tubules. CYP6FE1, CYP6FF1 and CYP6FG1 were expressed at higher levels in fourth‐instar nymphs than in other developmental stages. CYPFD2 is specifically expressed in adults, whereas CYP6FD1, CYP6FD2 and CYP6FE1 showed significantly lower expression in eggs than in other developmental stages. Deltamethrin suppressed CYP6FD1 expression in third‐instar nymphs and upregulated the expression level of CYP6FD2, CYP6FF1 and CYP6FG1 at the dose of LD10. Efficient RNA interference‐mediated gene silencing was established for four of the five CYP genes. Silencing of CYP6FF1 increased the nymphal mortality from 23 to 50% in response to deltamethrin. Silencing of CYP6FD2 and CYP6FE1 increased the nymphal mortality from 32 to 72 and 66%, respectively, to carbaryl.CONCLUSIONThree of the four CYP6F subfamily genes in L. migratoria were associated with the detoxification of deltamethrin or carbaryl. The role of CYPs in insecticide detoxification appears to be both gene and insecticide specific. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The discovery of a novel antagonist – Manduca sexta allatotropin analogue – as an insect midgut active ion transport inhibitor
Authors: Deng Xi‐le , Kai Zhen‐peng , Chamberlin Mary E , Horodyski Frank M , Yang Xin‐ling 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe midgut is an important site for both nutrient absorption and ionic regulation in lepidopteran larvae, major pests in agriculture. The larval lepidopteran midgut has become a potent insecticide target over the past few decades. Recent studies have shown that an insect neuropeptide, Manduca sexta allatotropin (Manse‐AT), exhibits inhibition of active ion transport (AIT) across the larval midgut epithelium. The full characteristic of the AIT inhibition capacity of Manse‐AT is essential to assay. In this study, AIT inhibition across the M. sexta midgut by Manse‐AT and its analogues in a range of concentrations was assayed. The structure–activity relationship of Manse‐AT was also studied by truncated and alanine‐replacement strategies.RESULTSOur results identified three residues, Thr4, Arg6 and Phe8, as the most important components for activity on the midgut. Replacement of Glu1, Met2 and Met3 reduced the potency of the analogues. The conservative substitution of Gly7 with alanine had little effect on the potency of the analogues. We demonstrated for the first time that Manse‐AT (10–13) behaves as a potent antagonist in vitro on active ion transport across the epithelium of the posterior midgut in M. sexta.CONCLUSIONStructure–activity studies of Manse‐AT are useful in developing lead compounds for the design and testing of synthetic antagonists, ultimately to develop potent and specific pest control strategies. Manse‐AT (10–13) has been discovered as the first Manse‐AT antagonist, with a significant effect and a short sequence compared with other insect neuropeptides. It may be a new potential pest control agent in the future. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Electronically designed amorphous carbon and silicon
Authors: Prasai Kiran , Biswas Parthapratim , Drabold David Alan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present a new approach to modeling materials. We show that Hellmann–Feynman forces associated with gap states may be used to drive the system to a preferred electronic structure that is also a total energy minimum. We use a priori information about the electronic gap to construct realistic models of tetrahedral amorphous carbon and silicon. We show that our method can be used to obtain continuously tunable concentration of tetrahedrally bonded carbon atoms in models of amorphous carbon. The method is carried out in the tight‐binding approximation to produce computer‐models of amorphous silicon that have fewer structural and optical defects than their conventional MD counterparts. We end by presenting a first test‐case for the ab initio (plane‐wave LDA) implementation of the method.
Studying of cellular interaction of hairpin‐like peptide EcAMP1 from barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) seeds with plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani using microscopy techniques
Authors: Vasilchenko Alexey S. , Yuryev Mikhail , Ryazantsev Dmitry Yu , Zavriev Sergey K. , Feofanov Alexey V. , Grishin Eugene V. , Rogozhin Eugene A. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryAn interaction of recombinant hairpin‐like cationic peptide EcAMP1 with conidia of plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani at the cellular level was studied by a combination of microscopic methods. EcAMP1 is from barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.), and obtained by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli system. As a result, a direct relationship between hyphal growth inhibition and increasing active peptide concentration, time of incubation and fungal physiological condition has been determined. Dynamics of accumulation and redistribution of the peptide studied on fungal cellular cover and inside the conidia cells has been shown. The dynamics are dependent on time of coupling, as well as, a dissimilarity of EcAMP1 binding with cover of fungal conidia and its stepwise accumulation and diffuse localization in the cytoplasm. Correlation between structural disruption of fungal conidia and the presence of morphological changes has also been found. The correlation was found under the influence of peptide high concentrations at concentrations above 32 μM. The results indicate the presence of a binding of EcAMP1 with the surface of fungal conidia, thus, demonstrating a main specificity for its antifungal action at the cellular level. These results, however, cannot exclude the existence of attendant EcAMP1 action based on its intracellular localization on some specific targets. SCANNING 38:591–598, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance and scalability evaluation of IEEE 802.11v/aa multicast transport
Authors: Daldoul Yousri , Meddour Djamal‐Eddine , Ahmed Toufik , Boutaba Raouf 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIEEE 802.11v and 802.11aa are two recent amendments that define new functionalities in order to support a reliable multicast transport over wireless networks. The first amendment introduces directed multicast service (DMS). On the other hand, 802.11aa defines the groupcast with retries (GCR) service, which proposes two retransmission policies: block acknowledgement (GCR‐BACK) and unsolicited retry (GCR‐UR). In this paper, we evaluate the throughput and the scalability of these new proposals using both analytical and simulation approaches. We show that DMS has the lowest scalability, while GCR‐BACK is not appropriate for groups with a large number of receivers. We conclude that GCR‐UR is the most appropriate for large groups. However, increasing the number of transmission retries reduces significantly the achieved throughput of the unsolicited retry policy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of carbon source and light intensity on the growth and total lipid production of three microalgae under different culture conditions
Authors: Gim Geun Ho , Ryu Jaewon , Kim Moon Jong , Kim Pyung Il , Kim Si Wouk 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe attempted to enhance the growth and total lipid production of three microalgal species, Isochrysis galbana LB987, Nannochloropsis oculata CCAP849/1, and Dunaliella salina, which are capable of accumulating high content of lipid in cells. Low nitrogen concentration under photoautotrophic conditions stimulated total lipid production, but a decreasing total lipid content and an increasing biomass were observed with increasing nitrogen concentration. Among the different carbon sources tested for heterotrophic cultivation, glucose improved the growth of all three strains. The optimal glucose concentration for growth of I. galbana LB987 and N. oculata CCAP849/1 was 0.02 M, and that of D. salina was 0.05 M. Enhanced growth occurred when they were cultivated under heterotrophic or mixotrophic conditions compared with photoautotrophic conditions. Meanwhile, high total lipid accumulation in cells occurred when they were cultivated under photoautotrophic or mixotrophic conditions. During mixotrophic cultivation, biomass production was not affected significantly by light intensity; however, both chlorophyll concentration and total lipid content increased dramatically with increasing light intensity up to 150 µmol/m2/s. The amount and composition ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in cells were different from each other depending on both species and light intensity. The highest accumulation of total fatty acid (C16–C18) among the three strains was found from cells of N. oculata CCAP849/1, which indicates that this species can be used as a source for production of biodiesel.
Impacts of introduced species on the biota of an oceanic archipelago: the relative importance of competitive and trophic interactions
Authors: Sugiura Shinji 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroduced species negatively impact native species through competitive and trophic interactions, particularly on oceanic islands that have never been connected to any continental landmass. However, there are few studies on the relative importance of competitive interactions (resource competition with introduced species) and trophic interactions (predation or herbivory by introduced species) with respect to the negative impacts on native organisms on oceanic islands. A literature review on introduced and native species of the oceanic Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands in the western Pacific Ocean indicated that many native species (e.g., bees, beetles, damselflies, butterflies, land snails, birds, and plants) have been negatively impacted by introduced predators and herbivores (e.g., lizards, rats, flatworms, and goats). Several native plants and bees have been negatively affected by introduced competitors. However, the native species that have competed with introduced species have also suffered from either intense herbivory or predation by other introduced species. Thus, introduced predators and herbivores have had greater impacts on native species than introduced competitors in the Ogasawara Islands.
n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Inflammation via Inhibiting Sphingosine Kinase 1 in a Rat Model of Parenteral Nutrition and CLP‐Induced Sepsis
Authors: Tian Tao , Zhao Yunzhao , Huang Qian , Li Jieshou 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)/sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) pathway plays a key role in inflammation. Parenteral nutrition containing n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA) may regulate inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study is to determine whether n‐3 PUFA may improve inflammatory responses by neutralizing SphK1 signaling. Rat models of parenteral nutrition, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)‐induced sepsis were generated. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were operated for CLP on day 2 after venous catheterization. The rats were randomized to receive normal saline (NS; n = 20), parenteral nutrition (PN; n = 20), or PN + fish oil (FO; n = 20) for 5 days. The daily intake of fish oil (1.25–2.82 g EPA and 1.44–3.09 g DHA per 100 ml) in the FO group was approximately 1.8 g/kg body weight/day. Rats in the control group (n = 10) were subjected to sham operation and received a chow diet. Spleen tissues were collected for SphK1 and S1P receptor expression analysis. Our data showed that n‐3 PUFA ameliorated the survival rate. SphK1 expression and its enzymatic activity were significantly upregulated in sepsis rats. Furthermore, mRNA and protein levels of S1PR3, but not S1PR1, were also facilitated after CLP. However, PN + FO dramatically decreased SphK1 mRNA level and its enzymatic activity. S1PR3 expression was also attenuated by FO addition. In conclusion, the anti‐inflammatory effect of n‐3 PUFA may be linked to the inhibition of the SphK1/S1P pathway in a rat model of parenteral nutrition and CLP‐induced sepsis.
Exploratory study of once-daily transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a treatment for auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia
Authors: Fröhlich F. , Burrello T.N. , Mellin J.M. , Cordle A.L. , Lustenberger C.M. , Gilmore J.H. , Jarskog L.F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundAuditory hallucinations are resistant to pharmacotherapy in about 25% of adults with schizophrenia. Treatment with noninvasive brain stimulation would provide a welcomed additional tool for the clinical management of auditory hallucinations. A recent study found a significant reduction in auditory hallucinations in people with schizophrenia after five days of twice-daily transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) that simultaneously targeted left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left temporo-parietal cortex.HypothesisWe hypothesized that once-daily tDCS with stimulation electrodes over left frontal and temporo-parietal areas reduces auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsWe performed a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study that evaluated five days of daily tDCS of the same cortical targets in 26 outpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder with auditory hallucinations.ResultsWe found a significant reduction in auditory hallucinations measured by the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (F2,50 = 12.22, P < 0.0001) that was not specific to the treatment group (F2,48 = 0.43, P = 0.65). No significant change of overall schizophrenia symptom severity measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was observed.ConclusionsThe lack of efficacy of tDCS for treatment of auditory hallucinations and the pronounced response in the sham-treated group in this study contrasts with the previous finding and demonstrates the need for further optimization and evaluation of noninvasive brain stimulation strategies. In particular, higher cumulative doses and higher treatment frequencies of tDCS together with strategies to reduce placebo responses should be investigated. Additionally, consideration of more targeted stimulation to engage specific deficits in temporal organization of brain activity in patients with auditory hallucinations may be warranted.
Report on milestones for care and support under the U.S. National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease
Authors:   Alzheimer's Association National Plan Care and Support Milestone Workgroup, Borson Soo , Boustani Malaz A. , Buckwalter Kathleen C. , Burgio Louis D. , Chodosh Joshua , Fortinsky Richard H. , Gifford David R. , Gwyther Lisa P. , Koren Mary Jane , Lynn Joanne , Phillips Cheryl , Roherty Martha , Ronch Judah , Stahl Claudia , Rodgers Lauren , Kim Hye , Baumgart Matthew , Geiger Angela 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionUnder the U.S. national Alzheimer's plan, the National Institutes of Health identified milestones required to meet the plan's biomedical research goal (Goal 1). However, similar milestones have not been created for the goals on care (Goal 2) and support (Goal 3).MethodsThe Alzheimer's Association convened a workgroup with expertise in clinical care, long‐term services and supports, dementia care and support research, and public policy. The workgroup reviewed the literature on Alzheimer's care and support; reviewed how other countries are addressing the issue; and identified public policies needed over the next 10 years to achieve a more ideal care and support system.ResultsThe workgroup developed and recommended 73 milestones for Goal 2 and 56 milestones for Goal 3.DiscussionTo advance the implementation of the U.S. national Alzheimer's plan, the U.S. government should adopt these recommended milestones, or develop similar milestones, to be incorporated into the national plan.
Alternative approach for management of an electrical storm in Brugada syndrome: Importance of primary ablation within a narrow time window
Authors: Talib Ahmed Karim , Yui Yoshiaki , Kaneshiro Takashi , Sekiguchi Yukio , Nogami Akihiko , Aonuma Kazutaka 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPlacement of an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) is the only powerful treatment modality for Brugada syndrome in patients presenting with ventricular fibrillation (VF). For those whose first presentation is an electrical storm, pharmacologic therapy is typically used to control VF followed by ICD implantation. We report an alternative approach whereby, before ICD implantation, emergency catheter ablation of the VF‐triggering premature ventricular contraction (PVC) resulted in long‐term VF‐free survival. The results suggest that, because VF triggers appear in a narrow time window, ablation of the culprit PVCs that initiate VF before the index PVCs subside is a reasonable alternative approach.