bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature and age–gender effects on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases
Authors: Low Chien Tat , Lai Poh Chin , Yeung Paul Sai Shun , Siu Axel Yuet Chung , Leung Kelvin Tak Yiu , Wong Paulina Pui Yun 
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Temperature is a key factor influencing the occurrence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, yet there is no equivalent study in Hong Kong. This study reports results involving a large-scale territory-wide investigation on the impacts of ambient temperature and age–gender differences on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcome in Hong Kong. Methods: This study included 25,467 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases treated by the Hong Kong Fire Services Department between December 2011 and November 2016 inclusive. Simple correlation and regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases and temperature, age and gender. Calendar charts were used to visualise temporal patterns of pre-hospital emergency medical services related to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases. Results: A strong negative curvilinear relationship was found between out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and daily temperature (r2 > 0.9) with prominent effects on elderly people aged ≥85 years. For each unit decrease in mean temperature in °C, there was a maximum of 5.6% increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases among all age groups and 7.3% increase in the ≥85 years elderly age group. Men were slightly more at risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared with women. The demand for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest–related emergency medical services was highest between 06:00 and 11:00 in the wintertime. Conclusion: This study provides the first local evidence linking weather and demographic effects with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Hong Kong. It offers empirical evidence to policymakers in support of strengthening existing emergency medical services to deal with the expected increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the wintertime and in regions with a large number of elderly population.
An Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Grafting in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Jauhar Preeti , Macdonald Thomas , Patel Brijesh , Hay Norman 
Published: January 2018

Objective: To determine the main factors influencing the timing of alveolar bone grafting among cleft teams in the UK and Ireland, to assess the types of radiographs used to evaluate bone grafting sites pre- and postoperatively and the views of the profession on orthodontic expansion prior to grafting. Design: An online survey consisting of 24 questions was compiled and emailed to 53 orthodontists and surgeons in all 12 Cleft Hub Units in the UK and Ireland. Results: All units in the UK and Ireland responded with 51 responses, 39 complete and 12 partial responses, obtained from cleft surgeons and orthodontists. The majority of units are using dental criteria (75%) as a guide to timing alveolar bone grafting. Most units take a postoperative radiograph at 6 months but the view being taken varied. When asked if four cases were ready for grafting based on their radiographs, there was clear agreement by a significant majority for 3 cases but for 1 only a minimal majority (61%). The most common donor site chosen for the graft is the Iliac crest (92.9%). There was excellent agreement for 2 cases asking when to use expansion but poor agreement for one, 55% saying they would expand and 45% saying no. Conclusion: Overall there is good agreement among cleft teams in the UK and Ireland about management of alveolar bone grafting; however, a clearer consensus on preoperative orthodontic expansion may be needed.
Transportation and Other Nonfinancial Barriers Among Uninsured Primary Care Patients
Authors: Kamimura Akiko , Panahi Samin , Ahmmad Zobayer , Pye Mu , Ashby Jeanie 
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Nonfinancial barriers are frequent causes of unmet need in health-care services. The significance of transportation barriers can weigh more than the issues of access to care. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine transportation and other nonfinancial barriers among low-income uninsured patients of a safety net health-care facility (free clinic). Methods: The survey data were collected from patients aged 18 years and older who spoke English or Spanish at a free clinic, which served uninsured individuals in poverty in the United States. Results: Levels of transportation barriers were associated with levels of other nonfinancial barriers. Higher levels of nonfinancial barriers were associated with elevation in levels of stress and poorer self-rated general health. Higher educational attainment and employment were associated with an increase in other nonfinancial barriers. Conclusion: Focusing only on medical interventions might not be sufficient for the well-being of the underserved populations. Future studies should examine integrative care programs that include medical treatment and social services together and evaluate such programs to improve care for underserved populations.
Systemic multilineage engraftment in mice after in utero transplantation with human hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Witt Russell G. , Kreger Emily M. , Buckman Laura B. , Moradi Patriss W. , Ho Phong T. , Derderian S. Christopher , Tsai Perry , Baker Chris , Schramm Nathaniel , Cleary Rachel , Garcia J. Victor , MacKenzie Tippi C. 
Published: January 2018

Key Points
IUHCT of human cord blood–derived CD34+ cells into fetal NSG mice results in systemic multilineage engraftment with human cells. Preconditioning with in utero injection of an anti-c-Kit receptor antibody (ACK2) results in an improved rate of engraftment.
A randomised clinical trial of feedback on inhaler adherence and technique in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma
Authors: Sulaiman Imran , Greene Garrett , MacHale Elaine , Seheult Jansen , Mokoka Matshediso , D'Arcy Shona , Taylor Terence , Murphy Desmond M. , Hunt Eoin , Lane Stephen J. , Diette Gregory B. , FitzGerald J. Mark , Boland Fiona , Sartini Bhreathnach Aoife , Cushen Breda , Reilly Richard B. , Doyle Frank , Costello Richard W. 
Published: January 2018

In severe asthma, poor control could reflect issues of medication adherence or inhaler technique, or that the condition is refractory. This study aimed to determine if an intervention with (bio)feedback on the features of inhaler use would identify refractory asthma and enhance inhaler technique and adherence.Patients with severe uncontrolled asthma were subjected to a stratified-by-site random block design. The intensive education group received repeated training in inhaler use, adherence and disease management. The intervention group received the same intervention, enhanced by (bio)feedback-guided training. The primary outcome was rate of actual inhaler adherence. Secondary outcomes included a pre-defined assessment of clinical outcome. Outcome assessors were blinded to group allocation. Data were analysed on an intention-to-treat and per-protocol basis.The mean rate of adherence during the third month in the (bio)feedback group (n=111) was higher than that in the enhanced education group (intention-to-treat, n=107; 73%versus63%; 95% CI 2.8%–17.6%; p=0.02). By the end of the study, asthma was either stable or improved in 54 patients (38%); uncontrolled, but poorly adherent in 52 (35%); and uncontrolled, but adherent in 40 (27%).Repeated feedback significantly improved inhaler adherence. After a programme of adherence and inhaler technique assessment, only 40 patients (27%) were refractory and adherent, and might therefore need add-on therapy.
Effects of the “Living well with COPD” intervention in primary care: a comparative study
Authors: Steurer-Stey Claudia , Dalla Lana Kaba , Braun Julia , ter Riet Gerben , Puhan Milo A. 
Published: January 2018

The pivotal objective of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) self-management programmes is behaviour change to avoid moderate and severe exacerbations and improve health related quality of life.In a prospectively planned, controlled study, COPD patients who participated in the “Living well with COPD” (LWWCOPD) self-management intervention were compared with usual care patients from the primary care COPD Cohort ICE COLD ERIC, who did not receive self-management intervention (NCT00706602) The primary outcome was behaviour change and disease-specific health related quality of life after 1 year. Secondary end-points included exacerbation rates. We calculated mixed linear, zero-inflated negative binomial and logistic regression models and used propensity scores to counteract confounding.467 patients, 71 from the LWWCOPD and 396 from the usual care cohort, were included. The differences between intervention and control were 0.54 (95% CI 0.13−0.94) on the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire domain “mastery”, 0.55 (95% CI 0.11−0.99) on “fatigue”, 0.54 (0.14−0.93) on “emotional function” and 0.64 (95% CI 0.14−1.14) on “dyspnoea”. The intervention considerably reduced the risk of moderate and severe exacerbations (incidence rate ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.25−0.52).Self-management coaching in primary care improves health-related quality of life and lowers exacerbation rates and health care use.
An intracellular activation of Smoothened that is independent of Hedgehog stimulation in Drosophila
Authors: Jiang Kai , Liu Yajuan , Zhang Jie , Jia Jianhang 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Smoothened (Smo), a GPCR family protein, plays a critical role in the reception and transduction of Hedgehog (Hh) signal. Smo is phosphorylated and activated on the cell surface; however, it is unknown whether Smo can be intracellularly activated. Here, we demonstrate that inactivation of the ESCRT-III causes dramatic accumulation of Smo in the ESCRT-III/MVB compartment, and subsequent activation of Hh signaling. In contrast, inactivation of ESCRTs 0–II induces mild Smo accumulation in the ESCRT-III/MVB compartment. We provide evidence that Kurtz (Krz), the Drosophila β-arrestin2, acts in parallel with the ESCRTs 0-II pathway to sort Smo to the multivesicular bodies and lysosome-mediated degradation. Additionally, upon inactivation of ESCRT-III, all active and inactive forms of Smo are accumulated. Endogenous Smo accumulated upon ESCRT-III inactivation is highly activated, which is induced by phosphorylation but not sumoylation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a model for intracellular activation of Smo, raising the possibility for tissue overgrowth caused by an excessive amount, rather than mutation of Smo.
A review of the nomenclature of Cyclostigma (Cyclostigmatales: Cyclostigmataceae; fossil Isoetophyta)
Authors: Doweld Alexander B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe complicated nomenclatural history of the extinct genus Cyclostigma Haught., established for arborescent trunks of presumably ancient isoetopsids (Isoetophyta: Cyclostigmatales), is reviewed and corrected with newly found bibliographic and historical data. The fossil name Cyclostigma, an illegitimate later homonym of two extant angiosperm genera, Cyclostigma Hochst. ex Endl. (Apocynaceae) nec Cyclostigma Klotzsch (Euphorbiaceae), was recently conserved and listed in App. III of ICN since the XVIII IBC in 2011. The fossil generic name Cyclostigma, associated with three species epithets and a distinct fossil family name Cyclostigmataceae (“Cyclostigmeae”), was invalidly published by Haughton in his series of works of 1859 and 1860 (reprinted several times), the genus lacking a description. Haughton’s family name based on his “Cyclostigma” and the species published in this genus were also not validly published. However, the generic name Cyclostigma was validly published in a little‐known publication by Haughton in 1859, not by Heer in 1871, as generally accepted in modern systematic palaeobotany, or Baily in 1861. In course of thorough nomenclatural analysis it has been shown that three fossil species names, which fell into oblivion still in the early works in the 19th century, Sigillaria dichotoma Haught. 1855, Lepidodendron griffithii Brongn. 1857 and L. minutum Haught. 1855 (non Sauveur) have priority over Cyclostigma kiltorkense Haught. 1859. Since C. kiltorkense has entered solidly into systematic palaeobotany and served as an index marker in historical geology, its retention through conservation is proposed. The nomenclature of the name Cyclostigmataceae is corrected as to be first validly published by Haughton in 1860.
An updated phylogeny and infrageneric classification of the genus Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae): Challenges of molecular and morphological evidence
Authors: Inácio Camila Dellanhese , Chauveau Olivier , Souza-Chies Tatiana T. , Sauquet Hervé , Eggers Lilian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTaxon delimitation and classification remains one of the fundamental bases of evolutionary studies and is especially challenging because processes by which new biological entities arise are complex and non‐linear over time, although continuous. Sisyrinchium (ca. 140 to 216 taxa) is one of the most species‐rich genera of Iridaceae, largely widespread in the Americas. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the systematics of the genus is in need of substantial revision. Different data sources were investigated to establish an updated infrageneric classification based on phylogenetic principles. Monophyletic sections of Sisyrinchium were circumscribed using a new phylogenetic framework established from an increased sampling of taxa (107 species), and complementary approaches were combined to provide the most comprehensive infrageneric treatment of the genus proposed so far. Additionally, numerous molecular synapomorphies were identified to reinforce previous taxonomic treatments of tribe Sisyrinchieae (six genera) at the generic level. Major lineages of Sisyrinchium were concordantly resolved with mostly strong to full support by the DNA regions used in the study and ten sections characterized by unique combinations of molecular, morphological and geographical diagnostic characters were recognized. The phylogenetic trees respectively based on plastid + mitochondrial and nuclear ITS DNA regions were generally congruent except for two unplaced species (S. chilense, S. elegantulum) for which ancestral reticulation events were detected. New circumscriptions were provided for seven sections (sect. Cephalanthum, sect. Echthronema, sect. Hydastylus, sect. Segetia, sect. Sisyrinchium, sect. Spathirhachis, sect. Viperella) while three sections (sect. Morphanthus, sect. Rhizilineum, sect. Trichoparcus) were newly described. This work constitutes a robust contribution to elucidate the systematics of Sisyrinchium and emphasizes the need of integrative taxonomic approaches using multiple data sources, not only to improve the delimitation of taxa but also to investigate their evolutionary history.
Why Mahonia? Molecular recircumscription of Berberis s.l., with the description of two new genera, Alloberberis and Moranothamnus
Authors: Yu Chih-Chieh , Chung Kuo-Fang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhether Mahonia should be recognized as a distinct genus or subsumed under Berberis has long been debated since its publication in 1818. Although recent molecular phylogenetic studies showed the paraphyly of Mahonia and some advocated a broadly defined Berberis to include Mahonia, the acceptance of Berberis s.l. is far from universal. Due to insufficient sampling and analytical issues of outgroup rooting, taxon misidentification, and the inclusion of a problematic GenBank DNA sequence, we argue that the phylogenetic status of Mahonia and consequently the circumscription of Berberis s.l. remains problematic. In particular, Berberis claireae and Mahonia sect. Horridae, taxa both inhabiting xeric habitats and characterized by a transitional morphology between Berberis s.str. and typical Mahonia (core Mahonia), have not been adequately sampled and well‐positioned phylogenetically. With the inclusion of these key species and an expanded sampling of core Mahonia, we re‐examine the phylogenetic relationships of Berberis s.l. using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nrDNA, and three coding regions (accD, ndhF, rbcL) and one non‐coding region (psbA‐trnH) of the chloroplast genome. Our analyses reveal four clades within Berberis s.l., corresponding to Berberis s.str., B. claireae, core Mahonia, and Mahonia sect. Horridae, with the latter three (all compound‐leaved) forming a paraphyletic grade sister to simple‐leaved Berberis. Because of morphological and ecological distinctness of these four clades and their deep stem divergences equivalent to other genera of Berberidaceae, we propose a new classification of Berberis s.l. by applying a strict definition of Berberis (≡ Berberis s.str.), reinstating Mahonia (≡ core Mahonia), and proposing the two new genera Alloberberis nom. & stat. nov. (≡ Mahonia sect. Horridae) and Moranothamnus gen. nov. (≡ B. claireae). This revised classification is consistent with the traditional perception of Berberis and results in a monophyletic Mahonia, maintaining the stable usage of these two household names in both academic and non‐academic communities.
Species‐level phylogenetic analysis in the Relhania clade of “everlastings” and a new generic treatment of species previously assigned to Macowania and Arrowsmithia (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae)
Authors: Bentley Joanne , Verboom G. Anthony , Bergh Nicola G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe “Relhania clade” is a relatively species‐poor lineage that is sister to the remaining members of the paper daisy tribe Gnaphalieae. Although the monophyly of the Relhania clade is well established, previous molecular studies are based on fairly sparse sampling. Here, we explore clade membership and generic circumscription using plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data, and near‐complete species‐level sampling of all putative member genera. Two subclades are recovered within the Relhania clade: (i) clade I housing the genera Alatoseta, Athrixia, Pentatrichia and Phagnalon, all monophyletic as currently circumscribed; and (ii) clade II, containing the genera Antithirixia, Comborhiza, Oedera, Oreoleyesera, Relhania and Rosenia; the annual or otherwise “short‐lived” genera Leysera, Nestlera and Rhynchopsidium; as well as a subclade in which the monospecific Arrowsmithia is embedded within Macowania. A new taxonomic treatment involving 12 new combinations is proposed for the two latter genera. Only demonstrably monophyletic and diagnosable genera are recognised, involving the erection of a novel monospecific genus, Fluminaria, to house Macowania pinifolia, and the transfer of the remaining members of Macowania to Arrowsmithia. Updated descriptions and keys are provided.
Hemiarthroplasty proximal femoral endoprostheses following tumour reconstruction
Authors: Stevenson J. D. , Kumar V. S. , Cribb G. L. , Cool P. 
Published: January 2018

AimsDislocation rates are reportedly lower in patients requiring proximal femoral hemiarthroplasty than for patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for neoplasia. Without acetabular replacement, pain due to acetabular wear necessitating revision surgery has been described. We aimed to determine whether wear of the native acetabulum following hemiarthroplasty necessitates revision surgery with secondary replacement of the acetabulum after proximal femoral replacement (PFR) for tumour reconstruction.Patients and MethodsWe reviewed 100 consecutive PFRs performed between January 2003 and January 2013 without acetabular resurfacing. The procedure was undertaken in 74 patients with metastases, for a primary bone tumour in 20 and for myeloma in six. There were 48 male and 52 female patients, with a mean age of 61.4 years (19 to 85) and median follow-up of two years (interquartile range (IQR) 0.5 to 3.7 years). In total, 52 patients presented with a pathological fracture and six presented with failed fixation of a previously instrumented pathological fracture.ResultsAll patients underwent reconstruction with either a unipolar (n = 64) or bipolar (n = 36) articulation. There were no dislocations and no acetabular resurfacings. Articular wear was graded using the criteria of Baker et al from 0 to 3, where by 0 is normal; grade 1 represents a narrowing of articular cartilage and no bone erosion; grade 2 represents acetabular bone erosion and early migration; and grade 3 represents protrusio acetabuli. Of the 49 patients with radiological follow-up greater than one year, six demonstrated grade 1 acetabular wear and two demonstrated grade 2 acetabular wear. The remainder demonstrated no radiographic evidence of wear. Median medial migration was 0.3 mm (IQR -0.2 to 0.7) and superior migration was 0.3 mm (IQR -0.2 to 0.6). No relationship between unipolar versus bipolar articulations and wear was evident.ConclusionHemiarthroplasty PFRs for tumour reconstruction eliminate joint instability and, in the short to medium term, do not lead to native acetabular wear necessitating later acetabular resurfacing. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100B:101–8.
Wound irrigation does not affect health-related quality of life after open fractures: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sprague S. , Petrisor B. , Jeray K. , McKay P. , Heels-Ansdell D. , Schemitsch E. , Liew S. , Guyatt G. , Walter S. D. , Bhandari M. 
Published: January 2018

Aims The Fluid Lavage in Open Fracture Wounds (FLOW) trial was a multicentre, blinded, randomized controlled trial that used a 2 × 3 factorial design to evaluate the effect of irrigation solution (soap versus normal saline) and irrigation pressure (very low versus low versus high) on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with open fractures. In this study, we used this dataset to ascertain whether these factors affect whether HRQL returns to pre-injury levels at 12-months post-injury. Patients and Methods Participants completed the Short Form-12 (SF-12) and the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) at baseline (pre-injury recall), at two and six weeks, and at three, six, nine and 12-months post-fracture. We calculated the Physical Component Score (PCS) and the Mental Component Score (MCS) of the SF-12 and the EQ-5D utility score, conducted an analysis using a multi-level generalized linear model, and compared differences between the baseline and 12-month scores. Results We found no clinically important differences between irrigating solutions or pressures for the SF-12 PCS, SF-12 MCS and EQ-5D. Irrespective of treatment, participants had not returned to their pre-injury function at 12-months for any of the three outcomes (p < 0.001). Conclusion Neither the composition of the irrigation solution nor irrigation pressure applied had an effect on HRQL. Irrespective of treatment, patients had not returned to their pre-injury HRQL at 12 months post-fracture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:88–94.