bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and maturation of the fibrous components of the arterial roots in the mouse heart
Authors: Richardson Rachel , Eley Lorraine , Donald‐Wilson Charlotte , Davis Jonathon , Curley Natasha , Alqahtani Ahlam , Murphy Lindsay , Anderson Robert H. , Henderson Deborah J. , Chaudhry Bill 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe arterial roots are important transitional regions of the heart, connecting the intrapericardial components of the aortic and pulmonary trunks with their ventricular outlets. They house the arterial (semilunar) valves and, in the case of the aorta, are the points of coronary arterial attachment. Moreover, because of the semilunar attachments of the valve leaflets, the arterial roots span the anatomic ventriculo‐arterial junction. By virtue of this arrangement, the interleaflet triangles, despite being fibrous, are found on the ventricular aspect of the root and located within the left ventricular cavity. Malformations and diseases of the aortic root are common and serious. Despite the mouse being the animal model of choice for studying cardiac development, few studies have examined the structure of their arterial roots. As a consequence, our understanding of their formation and maturation is incomplete. We set out to clarify the anatomical and histological features of the mouse arterial roots, particularly focusing on their walls and the points of attachment of the valve leaflets. We then sought to determine the embryonic lineage relationships between these tissues, as a forerunner to understanding how they form and mature over time. Using histological stains and immunohistochemistry, we show that the walls of the mouse arterial roots show a gradual transition, with smooth muscle cells (SMC) forming the bulk of wall at the most distal points of attachments of the valve leaflets, while being entirely fibrous at their base. Although the interleaflet triangles lie within the ventricular chambers, we show that they are histologically indistinguishable from the arterial sinus walls until the end of gestation. Differences become apparent after birth, and are only completed by postnatal day 21. Using Cre‐lox‐based lineage tracing technology to label progenitor populations, we show that the SMC and fibrous tissue within the walls of the mature arterial roots share a common origin from the second heart field (SHF) and exclude trans‐differentiation of myocardium as a source for the interleaflet triangle fibrous tissues. Moreover, we show that the attachment points of the leaflets to the walls, like the leaflets themselves, are derived from the outflow cushions, having contributions from both SHF‐derived endothelial cells and neural crest cells. Our data thus show that the arterial roots in the mouse heart are similar to the features described in the human heart. They provide a framework for understanding complex lesions and diseases affecting the aortic root.
Bimatoprost ophthalmic solution in facial vitiligo
Authors: Jha Abhijeet K. , Prasad Smita , Sinha Rajesh 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundVitiligo is one of the commonest pigmentary disorders characterized by destruction of melanocytes.AimTo evaluate the efficacy of topical bimatoprost ophthalmic solution in stable facial vitiligo.Material and methodsEight cases of stable facial vitiligo were treated with bimatoprost 0.03% ophthalmic solution once daily for 12 weeks. Photographic records were taken at 2 weeks follow‐up along with dermoscopic (Polarized, 10×) evaluation.ResultsFour cases had excellent repigmentation, two cases had partial repigmentation and two cases had poor response.ConclusionBimatoprost seems to be promising in treating stable vitiligo but large‐scale studies are required.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate and the risk–benefit profile of intensive blood pressure control amongst nondiabetic patients: a post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Obi Y. , Kalantar‐Zadeh K. , Shintani A. , Kovesdy C. P. , Hamano T. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01206062) reported reduced cardiovascular events by intensive blood pressure (BP) control amongst hypertensive patients without diabetes. However, the risk–benefit profile of intensive BP control may differ across estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels.MethodsThis is a post hoc analysis of the SPRINT. Nondiabetic hypertensive adults (n = 9361) with eGFR >20 mL per min per 1.73 m2 were enrolled from 102 US facilities between November 2010 and March 2013 and were followed up until August 2015 (median follow‐up, 3.26 years). Patients were randomly assigned to either a systolic BP target of <120 or <140 mmHg (for intensive or standard treatment, respectively). The outcomes of interests were the development of (i) fatal and nonfatal major cardiovascular events and (ii) acute kidney injury (AKI).ResultsThe cardiovascular benefit from intensive treatment was attenuated with lower eGFR (Pinteraction = 0.019), whereas eGFR did not modify the adverse effect on AKI (Pinteraction = 0.179). Amongst 891 participants with eGFR <45 mL per min per 1.73 m2, intensive treatment did not reduce the cardiovascular outcome (54/446 vs. 54/445 events in the standard group, respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.62–1.38) with an absolute rate difference (ARD) of −0.02 (95% CI, −0.07 to +0.03) per 100 patient‐years, whereas it increased AKI (62/446 vs. 38/445 events in the standard group; HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.12–2.66) with an ARD of +1.93 (95% CI, +1.88 to +1.97) per 100 patient‐years.ConclusionsIntensive BP control may provide little or no benefit and even be harmful for patients with moderate‐to‐advanced chronic kidney disease.
Targeted proteomic analysis of habitual coffee consumption
Authors: Cornelis M. C. , Gustafsson S. , Ärnlöv J. , Elmståhl S. , Söderberg S. , Sundström J. , Michaëlsson K. , Lind L. , Ingelsson E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundCoffee drinking has been implicated in mortality and a variety of diseases but potential mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear. Large‐scale systems epidemiological approaches may offer novel insights to mechanisms underlying associations of coffee with health.ObjectiveWe performed an analysis of known and novel protein markers linked to cardiovascular disease and their association with habitual coffee intake in the Prospective Study of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS, n = 816) and followed up top proteins in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM, n = 635) and EpiHealth (n = 2418).MethodsIn PIVUS and ULSAM, coffee intake was measured by 7‐day dietary records whilst a computer‐based food frequency questionnaire was used in EpiHealth. Levels of up to 80 proteins were assessed in plasma by a proximity extension assay.ResultsFour protein–coffee associations adjusted for age, sex, smoking and BMI, met statistical significance in PIVUS (FDR < 5%, P < 2.31 × 10−3): leptin (LEP), chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (CHI3L), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 6 and TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand. The inverse association between coffee intake and LEP replicated in ULSAM (β, −0.042 SD per cup of coffee, P = 0.028) and EpiHealth (β, −0.025 SD per time of coffee, P = 0.004). The negative coffee–CHI3L association replicated in EpiHealth (β, −0.07, P = 1.15 × 10−7), but not in ULSAM (β, −0.034, P = 0.16).ConclusionsThe current study supports an inverse association between coffee intake and plasma LEP and CHI3L1 levels. The coffee–CHI3L1 association is novel and warrants further investigation given links between CHI3L1 and health conditions that are also potentially influenced by coffee.
Youth Program Adult Leader's Directive Assistance and Autonomy Support and Development of Adolescents’ Agency Capacity
Authors: Hansen David M. , Moore E. Whitney , Jessop Nadia 
Published: October 2017

Developing a capacity for exercising agency is an important developmental task of adolescence. Many organized youth programs provide adolescents opportunities to build their capacity to exercise agency. The researchers tested hypotheses that adult youth program leader's directive assistance and autonomy support would promote adolescents’ capacity for agency. They surveyed 441 high school adolescents and 11 adult advisors from 10 Future Farmers of America chapters twice over 2 years. Adolescents self‐reported on their capacity for agency and advisors reported on each adolescent's capacity. Directive assistance and autonomy support correlated with the capacity for agency within both time points. Only autonomy support predicted adolescents’ capacity for agency over time. Implications of leader's support for adolescents’ capacity for exercising agency are discussed.
A review of issues of nomenclature and taxonomy of Hypericum perforatum L. and Kew's Medicinal Plant Names Services
Authors: Dauncey Elizabeth Anne , Irving Jason Thomas Whitley , Allkin Robert 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives
To review which names are used to refer to Hypericum perforatum L. in health regulation and medicinal plant references, and the potential for ambiguity or imprecision.

Key findings
Structured searches of Kew's Medicinal Plant Names Services Resource, supplemented with other online bibliographic resources, found that the scientific name Hypericum perforatum L. is used consistently in the literature, but variation between subspecies is rarely considered by researchers. Research is still published using only the common name ‘St John's wort’ despite it being imprecise; at least 80 other common names are also used for this plant in multiple languages.

Summary
Ambiguous and alternative plant names can lead to ineffective regulation, misinterpretation of literature, substitution of raw material or the failure to locate all published research. Kew's Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) maps all names used for each plant in medicinal plant references onto current taxonomy, thereby providing for disambiguation and comprehensive access to the regulations and references that cite that plant, regardless of the name used. MPNS also supplies the controlled vocabulary for plant names now required for compliance with a new standard (Identification of Medicinal Products, IDMP) adopted by medicines regulators worldwide.
Role of serum albumin as a nanoparticulate carrier for nose-to-brain delivery of R-flurbiprofen: implications for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wong Ling Rong , Ho Paul C 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives
R-flurbiprofen (R-FP) was found to offer neuroprotective effects by inhibiting mitochondrial calcium overload induced by β-amyloid peptide toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, poor brain penetration after oral administration posed a challenge to its further development for AD treatment. In this study, we investigated the potential of serum albumin as nanoparticulate carriers for nose-to-brain delivery of R-FP to improve its brain accumulation.

Methods
Mice were subjected to three treatment groups: (1) intranasal R-FP solution, (2) oral R-FP solution and (3) intranasal R-FP albumin nanoparticles. We also investigated whether the in-vivo R-FP level achieved in the brain afforded by intranasal administration of R-FP nanoparticles had any effect on mitochondrial respiratory activity in an in-vitro AD model.

Key findings
Our in-vivo experiments demonstrate that the intranasal administration of serum albumin-based R-FP nanoparticles achieved higher brain-to-plasma ratio profile as compared to intranasal and oral administration of a simple R-FP solution. We observed significantly improved basal and maximal mitochondrial respiration in cells treated with R-FP albumin nanoparticles at in-vivo brain concentration.

Conclusions
Serum albumin-based nanoparticles administered via the nasal route may be a viable approach in delivering therapeutic agents to the brain to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction in AD.
Gene expression and morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa associated with increased permeability induced by short‐term fasting in chickens
Authors: Gilani S. , Howarth G. S. , Nattrass G. , Kitessa S. M. , Barekatain R. , Forder R. E. A. , Tran C. D. , Hughes R. J. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryShort‐term fasting for 4.5 and 9 hr has been demonstrated to increase intestinal permeability (IP) in chickens. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 0, 4.5, 9 and 19.5 hr fasting on intestinal gene expression and villus‐crypt architecture of enterocytes in jejunal and ileal samples. On day 38, Ross‐308 male birds were fasted according to their group and then euthanised. Two separate intestinal sections (each 2 cm long, jejunum and ileum) were collected. One section was utilised for villus height and crypt depth measurements. The second section was snap‐frozen in liquid nitrogen for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of tight junction proteins (TJP) including claudin‐1, claudin‐3, occludin, zonula occludens (ZO‐1, ZO‐2), junctional adhesion molecules (JAM) and E‐cadherin. Additionally genes involved in enterocyte protection including glucagon‐like peptide (GLP‐2), heat‐shock protein (HSP‐70), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), toll‐like receptors (TLR‐4), mucin (MUC‐2), cluster differentiation (CD‐36) and fatty acid‐binding protein (FABP‐6) were also analysed. Normally distributed data were analysed using one‐way analysis of variance ANOVA. Other data were analysed by non‐parametric one‐way ANOVA. Villus height and crypt depth were increased (p < .05) only in the ileum after fasting for 4.5 and 9 hr compared with non‐fasting group. mRNA expression of claudin‐3 was significantly reduced in the ileum of birds fasted for 9 and 19.5 hr, suggesting a role in IP modulation. However, all other TJP genes examined were not statistically different from control. Nevertheless, ileal FABP‐6 of all fasted groups was significantly reduced, which could possibly be due to reduced bile acid production during fasting.
More advanced disease and worse survival in cryptogenic compared to viral hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jun Tomi W. , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Yang Ju Dong , Chen Vincent L. , Nguyen Pauline , Giama Nasra H. , Huang Chung‐Feng , Hsing Ann W. , Dai Chia‐Yen , Huang Jee‐Fu , Chuang Wan‐Long , Roberts Lewis R. , Yu Ming‐Lung , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsAlthough hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections remain major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), non‐viral causes of HCC, particularly non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are becoming increasingly prevalent. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics and survival of cryptogenic and viral HCC.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 3878 consecutive HCC patients seen at two tertiary centres in the United States and one in Taiwan from 2004 to 2014. We compared the clinical characteristics, treatment and survival of patients by underlying aetiology: cryptogenic (n = 696), HBV (n = 1304) or HCV (n = 1878).ResultsCirrhosis was present in 66.8% of the cryptogenic HCC patients, compared with 74.7% of HBV‐related HCC (HBV‐HCC) (P = .001) and 85.9% of HCV‐HCC (P < .001). Compared to viral HCC, cryptogenic HCC patients presented with larger tumours and at later stages of disease. Five‐year overall survival was 16.3% among cryptogenic HCC patients compared with 31.9% among HBV‐HCC patients and 27.7% among HCV‐HCC patients (P < .001 for both by the log‐rank test). HCC aetiology was not an independent predictor of survival, though ethnicity, cirrhosis status, meeting Milan criteria and treatment allocation were.ConclusionsCompared with viral HCC patients, those with cryptogenic HCC had lower prevalence of cirrhosis, were diagnosed with larger tumours at more advanced stages of disease, and had poorer overall survival. Additional efforts are needed to identify patients at risk of cryptogenic HCC and to identify cryptogenic HCC at earlier stages of disease.
Kamenetsk—A new impact structure in the Ukrainian Shield
Authors: Gurov Eugene , Nikolaenko Nikolay , Shevchuk Helena , Yamnichenko Anatoly 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Kamenetsk impact structure is a deeply eroded simple crater that formed in crystalline rocks of the Ukrainian Shield. This study presents structural, lithologic, and shock metamorphic evidence for an impact origin of the Kamenetsk structure, which was previously described as a paleovolcano. The Kamenetsk structure is an oval depression that is 1.0–1.2 km in diameter and 130 m deep. The structure is deeply eroded, and only the lower part of the sequence of lithic breccia has been preserved in the deepest part of the crater to recent time, while the predominant part of impact rocks and postimpact sediments was eroded. Manifestations of shock metamorphism of minerals, especially planar deformation features in quartz and feldspars, were determined by petrographic investigations of lithic breccia that allowed us to determine the impact origin of the Kamenetsk structure. The erosion of the crater and surrounding target to a minimal depth of 220 m preceded the deposition of the postimpact sediments. The time of the formation of the Kamenetsk structure is bracketed within a wide interval from 2.0 to 2.1 Ga, the age of the crystalline target rocks, to the Late Miocene age of the sediments overlaying the crater. The deep erosion of the structure suggests it is probably Paleozoic in age.
Atom‐probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy of the kamacite–taenite interface in the fast‐cooled Bristol IVA iron meteorite
Authors: Rout Surya S. , Heck Philipp R. , Isheim Dieter , Stephan Thomas , Zaluzec Nestor J. , Miller Dean J. , Davis Andrew M. , Seidman David N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe report the first combined atom‐probe tomography (APT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of a kamacite–tetrataenite (K–T) interface region within an iron meteorite, Bristol (IVA). Ten APT nanotips were prepared from the K–T interface with focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM) and then studied using TEM followed by APT. Near the K‐T interface, we found 3.8 ± 0.5 wt% Ni in kamacite and 53.4 ± 0.5 wt% Ni in tetrataenite. High‐Ni precipitate regions of the cloudy zone (CZ) have 50.4 ± 0.8 wt% Ni. A region near the CZ and martensite interface has <10 nm sized Ni‐rich precipitates with 38.4 ± 0.7 wt% Ni present within a low‐Ni matrix having 25.5 ± 0.6 wt% Ni. We found that Cu is predominantly concentrated in tetrataenite, whereas Co, P, and Cr are concentrated in kamacite. Phosphorus is preferentially concentrated along the K‐T interface. This study is the first precise measurement of the phase composition at high spatial resolution and in 3‐D of the K‐T interface region in a IVA iron meteorite and furthers our knowledge of the phase composition changes in a fast‐cooled iron meteorite below 400 °C. We demonstrate that APT in conjunction with TEM is a useful approach to study the major, minor, and trace elemental composition of nanoscale features within fast‐cooled iron meteorites.
Sulfide–oxide assemblages in Acfer 094—Clues to nebular metal–gas interactions
Authors: Barth M. I. F. , Harries D. , Langenhorst F. , Hoppe P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094 is among the least altered samples of the early solar system. We have studied concentric sulfide–oxide aggregates from this meteorite by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). The main minerals present are magnetite, pentlandite, and pyrrhotite/troilite. The outer parts of the aggregates include μm‐sized olivine and pyroxenes with variable Mg/Fe ratios. One aggregate contains taenite (56.7 wt% Ni) within its central part that is surrounded by pentlandite and magnetite. We conclude that both phases have formed by oxidation and sulfidization of metal and, based on the metal and sulfide Fe/Ni ratio, a (sulfide)‐formation temperature of 400–550 °C can be constrained. This temperature is higher than any temperature that could be expected to have occurred on the Acfer 094 parent body, and also textural evidence indicates that the aggregates formed before parent‐body accretion. We therefore conclude that the formation of the sulfide–oxide aggregates occurred most likely in the solar nebular at highly variable H2O and H2S fugacities. Oxygen‐isotopic compositions of magnetite within these assemblages show that they are indistinguishable from the meteorite's matrix (δ17OSMOW ≈ 4 ± 8‰, δ18OSMOW ≈ 10 ± 6‰, and ∆17OSMOW ≈ −1 ± 5‰). An enrichment of 17,18O relative to chondrules of Acfer 094 suggests a link between the formation of the sulfide–oxide aggregates and the preaccretionary processing of matrix grains in a volatile‐enriched nebular environment.
Social cognition: Concepts, neural basis and its role in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Labbé Tomás , Ciampi Ethel , Carcamo Rodríguez Claudia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSocial cognition, including social perception, empathy and theory of mind, focuses on how people process, store, and apply information about other people and social situations, thus guiding social interactions. Specific patterns have been described in patients affected by different pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease, autism and schizophrenia. Multiple sclerosis, an immune‐mediated neurodegenerative disease, can affect global cognition in 40–70% of patients, with an impact on work and family status. Multiple sclerosis patients have shown a decrease in performance of tasks related to social cognition, and reflect changes in the structure and activity of specific brain areas. In the present review, we propose an operational definition of social cognition and its subdomains, and a comprehensive overview of how social perception, empathy and theory of mind are decreased in multiple sclerosis patients. Finally, we discuss its relationship with neuropsychiatric disorders, and expose some questions that remain unanswered.
Quantitative proteomics of a B12‐dependent alga grown in coculture with bacteria reveals metabolic tradeoffs required for mutualism
Authors: Helliwell Katherine E. , Pandhal Jagroop , Cooper Matthew B. , Longworth Joseph , Kudahl Ulrich Johan , Russo David A. , Tomsett Eleanor V. , Bunbury Freddy , Salmon Deborah L. , Smirnoff Nicholas , Wright Phillip C. , Smith Alison G. 
Published: October 2017

Summary

The unicellular green alga Lobomonas rostrata requires an external supply of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) for growth, which it can obtain in stable laboratory cultures from the soil bacterium Mesorhizobium loti in exchange for photosynthate. We investigated changes in protein expression in the alga that allow it to engage in this mutualism.

We used quantitative isobaric tagging (iTRAQ) proteomics to determine the L. rostrata proteome grown axenically with B12 supplementation or in coculture with M. loti. Data are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD005046).

Using the related Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a reference genome, 588 algal proteins could be identified. Enzymes of amino acid biosynthesis were higher in coculture than in axenic culture, and this was reflected in increased amounts of total cellular protein and several free amino acids. A number of heat shock proteins were also elevated. Conversely, photosynthetic proteins and those of chloroplast protein synthesis were significantly lower in L. rostrata cells in coculture. These observations were confirmed by measurement of electron transfer rates in cells grown under the two conditions.

The results indicate that, despite the stability of the mutualism, L. rostrata experiences stress in coculture with M. loti, and must adjust its metabolism accordingly.