bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Central European daily weather types back to 1763
Authors: Schwander Mikhaël , Brönnimann Stefan , Delaygue Gilles , Rohrer Marco , Auchmann Renate , Brugnara Yuri 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTWeather type classifications (WTCs) are a simple tool to analyse variations in weather patterns. Long series of WTCs could be used to address decadal changes in weather as a basis for studying changes in variability or extremes or for addressing contributions of sea‐surface temperature or external forcings using climate models. However, there is no long series of daily objective weather types (WTs). A new method (Shortest Mahalanobis Distance, SMD) using daily European weather data is developed to reconstruct WTCs back in time. Here the SMD method is applied on the Cluster Analysis of Principal Components (CAP9) classification used by MeteoSwiss. The CAP9 daily WT time series (computed with ERA‐40) is used as reference over the 1958–1998 period. Daily data (temperature, mean sea level pressure and pressure tendency) from 13 European stations covering the period 1763–2009 are used for the reconstruction. The reference CAP9 is reduced from nine to seven types so the new daily WTC is called CAP7. As an assessment, CAP7 is compared to the original classification CAP9 and to the same WTs computed with the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR and 20CRv2c). Over the reference period up to 90% of all the daily WTs can be correctly reproduced in the new WTC compared to the original series, with higher reliability in winter than in summer. In addition, the reliability of the classification is increasing from 1763 onward. The annual occurrence of each type reveals some trends, mostly a decrease in the number of cyclonic days and an increase of cyclonic days.
Analysis of geographic and orographic influence in Spanish monthly precipitation
Authors: Álvarez‐Rodríguez J. , Llasat M. C. , Estrela T. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPrecipitation is a major concern in water resources studies. Being a main variable, the inefficiency of historical ground network, particularly at higher altitudes where precipitation and runoff augmentations are expected, constitutes a major drawback. This work analyses the competence of Spanish historical precipitation network and explores the physiographic influence of elevation and orientation at a national scale. The usefulness of slopes is also explored. Nearly 12 000 monthly precipitation series recorded from the 19th century until the hydrological year 2004/2005 over a high‐resolution topographic map (200 m) of Spanish territory are used. Comparable statistics and precipitation lapse rates are managed once a completion of gaps is accomplished. Then, Spanish yearly rates range from 0.3 to 1.2 mm m−1, reaching 1.5 mm m−1 in Northern Iberian Peninsula, diminishing at highest altitudes.Conclusions address the inefficiency and uncertainties revealed by historical ground networks as well as the variable relationship existing between precipitation and physiographic parameters, such as altitude and orientation.
Extracapsular dissection as sole therapy for small low‐grade malignant tumors of the parotid gland
Authors: Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Koch Michael , Iro Heinrich 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate whether extracapsular dissection of a primarily unsuspected lesion in the parotid gland could be oncologically sufficient for carefully selected cases of parotid gland malignomas.Study DesignRetrospective clinical study.MethodsThe records of all patients treated for primary malignant tumors of the parotid gland solely by means of extracapsular dissection between 2006 and 2013 were studied retrospectively. Patients with manifestation of malignant tumors in the parotid gland that were not of primary salivary gland origin (squamous cell carcinomas, lymphomas, melanomas) or who had had revision surgery or other malignant tumors in their history, as well as patients with insufficient data, were excluded from our study sample.ResultsNine patients, all with low‐grade parotid malignancies, were detected. Our study showed acceptable oncologic and functional outcomes throughout.ConclusionOur study was able to show very encouraging preliminary results following primary extracapsular dissection as sole surgical therapy for carefully selected low‐stage, low‐grade, inferiorly located lesions in patients with high compliance.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:1804–1807, 2017
Growth, population dynamics, and reproductive output model of the non‐zooxanthellate temperate solitary coral Caryophyllia inornata (Scleractinia, Caryophylliidae)
Authors: Caroselli Erik , Ricci Francesco , Brambilla Viviana , Marchini Chiara , Tortorelli Giada , Airi Valentina , Mattioli Guido , Levy Oren , Falini Giuseppe , Dubinsky Zvy , Goffredo Stefano 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCoral age can be strictly related to size, but processes like fragmentation, fusion, and partial colony mortality can decouple this relationship. When these phenomena are negligible, such as in solitary corals, age‐based growth and population dynamics models can be used. In this study, the population size, structure, and growth rates of the temperate solitary coral Caryophyllia inornata were assessed at Elba Island (north‐western Mediterranean Sea). Growth rate of this species decreased exponentially with age. The two growth curves estimated by field measurements and by growth band analysis provided homogeneous relationships between size and age. The decreasing number of individuals with age indicated a steady state population, with a turnover time of 4 yr and a maximum life span of 22 yr. Maximum biomass yield and most reproductive output was by individuals of 8–15 yr age classes. The life strategy was characterized by high fecundity, continuous embryo production, high larval output, and high larval mortality.
Microlubrication machining of 1018 steel: the effect of a biodegradable lubricant on the microstructural integrity
Authors: Shaikh Vasim A. , Scharf Thomas W. , Boubekri Nourredine 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMicrolubrication is a green machining technique that reduces the amount of cutting fluid during the machining process. Its effect on subsurface microstructural integrity is a very important aspect for the functionality of a machined component, but it is often neglected and requires advanced characterisation techniques. The focus of this study is to investigate the influence of microlubrication using a biodegradable vegetable oil‐based cutting fluid to characterise the subsurface microstructural integrity during end milling of AISI 1018 steel. Vickers microhardness was measured along the cross section of the machined component from the surface edge to inside the bulk, while transmission electron microscopy was conducted inside the subsurface deformation zone to quantify the dislocation densities. It was determined that increased dislocation densities near the workpiece edge resulted in increased microhardness with reduced tool wear. Thus, microlubrication machining is a sustainable green machining process that does not significantly compromise the subsurface integrity of the workpiece material. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das Smartphone – ein Antwortgerät
Authors: Schlücker Sebastian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUm möglichst viele Studenten im Hörsaal dazu zu bewegen, mitzudenken und sich zu beteiligen, braucht eine Vorlesung auch unterhaltsame und aktivierende Elemente. Das können Quizfragen sein, die Hörer anonym mit ihrem Smartphone beantworten. Ein Quiz hat zudem den Vorteil, dass der Dozent etwas über die Studierenden und ihren Lernfortschritt erfährt. Ein Erfahrungsbericht.
Reaktivität verstehen, ohne die Katalysatorstruktur zu kennen
Authors: Paradies Jan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractManche boranbasierten frustrierten Lewis‐Paare spalten Wasserstoff – wie, war bislang unklar. Um Struktur und Reaktivität in Beziehung zu setzen, werden quantenchemische Untersuchungen und NMR‐Experimente kombiniert. Sind pKa‐Werte der Lewis‐Base bekannt, lässt sich damit Reaktivität vorhersagen.
Hennafarbstoff statt Vanadium
Authors: Jansen Walter , Busker Maike , Pansegrau Svenja , Rosenberg Dominique 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRedoxflussbatterien sollen Energie aus Windkraft‐und Solaranlagen speichern, und die Wissenschaft sucht zurzeit intensiv nach organischen Redoxpaaren dafür. Solche Systeme lassen sich auch im Unterricht an Schulen und Hochschulen nachstellen.
The effect of pair‐based monetary contingency contracts for weight loss: Results from a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Sykes‐Muskett Bianca J. , Prestwich Andrew , Lawton Rebecca J. , Armitage Christopher J. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveMonetary contingency contracts (MCCs), in which deposited money is returned contingent on weight loss, could promote weight/adiposity reduction. This study piloted individual‐ and pair‐based MCCs (when refunds are contingent on two individuals losing weight) and assessed effects on weight/body composition.MethodsSeventy‐seven participants with BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 were recruited. In a non‐blinded, randomized controlled trial conducted in a university laboratory setting, participants were randomized in pairs via a computer‐generated sequence to one of four conditions: partner with pair‐based refund (P‐PBR), partner with individual refund (P‐IR), individual weight loss with individual refund (I‐IR), or no MCC (comparison). Refunds were contingent on weight loss after 4 and 8 weeks; weight/body composition was measured at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. Primary outcome measures were change in weight and fat mass.ResultsSeventy‐seven participants (P‐PBR n = 16; P‐IR n = 20; I‐IR n = 22; comparison n = 19) were recruited. Deposit amount was significantly positively associated with reductions in weight/BMI. At 8 weeks, the P‐PBR condition reduced fat mass more than all other conditions (P < 0.05) and reduced weight/BMI more than the I‐IR condition (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe large effect of P‐PBR on fat mass suggests it would be valuable to conduct a fully powered, randomized controlled trial of pair‐based MCCs.
A predictive control framework for 3‐phase induction motors modeled in natural variables
Authors: Bonci Cavalca Eduardo , Nied Ademir , Santos Matos Cavalca Mariana , de Oliveira José 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a nonlinear control approach for 3‐phase induction motors. The proposed structure combines a 3‐phase predictive controller with an integrative reference filter. The predictive controller is designed based on an induction motor model established in natural variables (without using transformations), which is a nonlinear and time‐variant one. This model enables the controller to work independently with the supply voltages, considering unbalanced situations. A dynamic evaluation of the state equation coefficients is used to perform the process variables prediction, thereby executing a point‐to‐point linearization. The conversion of the rotation speed and stator flux modulus reference values is realized by a integrative 3‐phase referrer, which acts as a reference filter, expressing the references as 3‐phase signals and acting as an integrator to eliminate steady‐state errors. Also, a constraint feature is implemented, to reduce the currents. Simulation results satisfactorily show the proposed control architecture characteristics for various reference values and for motor operation as a brake and with load variation.
Bone Mineral Density Response from Teriparatide in Patients with Osteoporosis
Authors: Kim So-Young , Zhang Meng , Bockman Richard 
Published: February 2017

Background A review of data from large clinical trials reported more than 90% of subjects significantly improved their bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (LS) with teriparatide (TPTD) (bone 39:1268–1275, 1 ). However, our clinical experience suggests that many patients may be non-responders, raising questions as to the true efficacy of TPTD in improving BMD in osteoporotic patients. Questions/Purposes The purpose of the study is to determine the rate of improvement in BMD following 18–24 months of teriparatide (TPTD) in patients with osteoporosis within an orthopedic hospital setting. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of patients with osteoporosis who completed 18–24 months of TPTD therapy. The primary endpoint was the change in BMD at lumbar spine (LS) and hip-femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH) following treatment. Secondary endpoints included the effect of prior bisphosphonate therapy, age, body mass index (BMI) and family history of fracture on BMD response, and the changes in bone-specific markers during active treatment. Results Seventy-eight women and men with mean T-scores at the LS = −2.63 met the inclusion criteria. The overall group showed a 10.7% increase in LS-BMD after 24 months of TPTD. Eighty-three percent were considered responders defined as ≥3.0% increase in LS-BMD. Non-responders (16.7%) had mean LS-BMD change = −1.41%. No difference in baseline vitamin D, calcium, creatinine, BMI, age, gender, prior fracture history, or bisphosphonate use was observed between responders and non-responders. No consistent pattern of change in measures of bone markers was noted between responders and non-responders. Conclusion Eighty-three percent of patients with osteoporosis showed a >3% increase in BMD after TPTD treatment. Baseline parameters, prior bisphosphonate therapy, and the changes in bone markers showed no correlation with final BMD outcome.
Exploring minority language input sources as means of supporting the early development of second language vocabulary and grammar
Authors: WILLIAMS NIA , THOMAS ENLLI MÔN 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTExposure to a minority language is largely limited in terms of frequency, and often delivered by nonnative speakers in certain domains. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two types of native-language input sources (story telling and minority language children's television) in providing 4- and 5-year-old native English-speaking children with beginning awareness of Welsh. Results revealed that exposure to Welsh via television programs was equally as beneficial, if not more so in some cases, as listening to Welsh stories in developing children's vocabulary, particularly within the context of social interaction. These results suggest a useful and potentially effective role for the use of native-language television within a carefully designed language curriculum to aid early second language development in minority language contexts.
Photo-induced oxidant-free oxidative C–H/N–H cross-coupling between arenes and azoles
Authors: Niu Linbin , Yi Hong , Wang Shengchun , Liu Tianyi , Liu Jiamei , Lei Aiwen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDirect cross-coupling between simple arenes and heterocyclic amines under mild conditions is undoubtedly important for C–N bonds construction. Selective C(sp2)-H amination is more valuable. Herein we show a selective C(sp2)-H amination of arenes (alkyl-substituted benzenes, biphenyl and anisole derivatives) accompanied by hydrogen evolution by using heterocyclic azoles as nitrogen sources. The reaction is selective for C(sp2)-H bonds, providing a mild route to N-arylazoles. The KIE (kinetic isotope effect) experiment reveals the cleavage of C–H bond is not involved in the rate-determining step. Kinetic studies indicate the first-order behaviour with respect to the arene component. It is interesting that this system works without the need for any sacrificial oxidant and is highly selective for C(sp2)-H activation, whereas C(sp3)-H bonds are unaffected. This study may have significant implications for the functionalization of methylarenes which are sensitive to oxidative conditions.
Regulation of FT splicing by an endogenous cue in temperate grasses
Authors: Qin Zhengrui , Wu Jiajie , Geng Shuaifeng , Feng Nan , Chen Fengjuan , Kong Xingchen , Song Gaoyuan , Chen Kai , Li Aili , Mao Long , Wu Liang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAppropriate flowering timing is crucial for plant reproductive success. The florigen, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), interacts with 14-3-3 proteins and the bZIP transcription factor FD, functioning at core nodes in multiple flowering pathways. There are two FT homologues, FT1 and FT2, in Brachypodium distachyon. Here we show that FT2 undergoes age-dependent alternative splicing (AS), resulting in two splice variants (FT2α and FT2β). The FT2β-encoded protein cannot interact with FD or 14-3-3s but is able to form heterodimers with FT2α and FT1, thereby interfering with the florigen-mediated assembly of the flowering initiation complex. Notably, transgenic plants overproducing FT2β exhibit delayed flowering, while transgenic plants in which FT2β is silenced by an artificial microRNA display accelerated flowering, demonstrating a dominant-negative role of FT2β in flowering induction. Furthermore, we show that the AS splicing of FT2 is conserved in important cereal crops, such as barley and wheat. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel posttranscriptional mode of FT regulation in temperate grasses.
Intracellular Accumulation of Gold Nanoparticles Leads to Inhibition of Macropinocytosis to Reduce the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Gunduz Nuray , Ceylan Hakan , Guler Mustafa O. , Tekinay Ayse B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the toxicity of nanomaterials remains largely limited to acute cellular response, i.e., short-term in vitro cell-death based assays, and analyses of tissue- and organ-level accumulation and clearance patterns in animal models, which have produced very little information about how these materials (from the toxicity point of view) interact with the complex intracellular machinery. In particular, understanding the mechanism of toxicity caused by the gradual accumulation of nanomaterials due to prolonged exposure times is essential yet still continue to be a largely unexplored territory. Herein, we show intracellular accumulation and the associated toxicity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for over two-months in the cultured vascular endothelial cells. We observed that steady exposure of AuNPs at low (non-lethal) dose leads to rapid intracellular accumulation without causing any detectable cell death while resulting in elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Above a certain intracellular AuNP threshold, inhibition of macropinocytosis mechanism ceases further nanoparticle uptake. Interestingly, the intracellular depletion of nanoparticles is irreversible. Once reaching the maximum achievable intracellular dose, a steady depletion is observed, while no cell death is observed at any stage of this overall process. This depletion is important for reducing the ER stress. To our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting active regulation of nanoparticle uptake by cells and the impact of long-term exposure to nanoparticles in vitro.
Neurotypical Peers are Less Willing to Interact with Those with Autism based on Thin Slice Judgments
Authors: Sasson Noah J. , Faso Daniel J. , Nugent Jack , Lovell Sarah , Kennedy Daniel P. , Grossman Ruth B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including those who otherwise require less support, face severe difficulties in everyday social interactions. Research in this area has primarily focused on identifying the cognitive and neurological differences that contribute to these social impairments, but social interaction by definition involves more than one person and social difficulties may arise not just from people with ASD themselves, but also from the perceptions, judgments, and social decisions made by those around them. Here, across three studies, we find that first impressions of individuals with ASD made from thin slices of real-world social behavior by typically-developing observers are not only far less favorable across a range of trait judgments compared to controls, but also are associated with reduced intentions to pursue social interaction. These patterns are remarkably robust, occur within seconds, do not change with increased exposure, and persist across both child and adult age groups. However, these biases disappear when impressions are based on conversational content lacking audio-visual cues, suggesting that style, not substance, drives negative impressions of ASD. Collectively, these findings advocate for a broader perspective of social difficulties in ASD that considers both the individual’s impairments and the biases of potential social partners.
Eugenol prevents amyloid formation of proteins and inhibits amyloid-induced hemolysis
Authors: Dubey Kriti , Anand Bibin G. , Shekhawat Dolat Singh , Kar Karunakar 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEugenol has attracted considerable attention because of its potential for many pharmaceutical applications including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic and anti-oxidant properties. Here, we have investigated the effect of eugenol on amyloid formation of selected globular proteins. We find that both spontaneous and seed-induced aggregation processes of insulin and serum albumin (BSA) are significantly suppressed in the presence of eugenol. Isothermal titration calorimetric data predict a single binding site for eugenol-insulin complex confirming the affinity of eugenol for native soluble insulin species. We also find that eugenol suppresses amyloid-induced hemolysis. Our findings reveal the inherent ability of eugenol to stabilize native proteins and to delay the conversion of protein species of native conformation into β-sheet assembled mature fibrils, which seems to be crucial for its inhibitory effect.
Effects of Prolonged GRP78 Haploinsufficiency on Organ Homeostasis, Behavior, Cancer and Chemotoxic Resistance in Aged Mice
Authors: Lee Amy S. , Brandhorst Sebastian , Rangel Daisy F. , Navarrete Gerardo , Cohen Pinchas , Longo Valter D. , Chen Jeannie , Groshen Susan , Morgan Todd E. , Dubeau Louis 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGRP78, a multifunctional protein with potent cytoprotective properties, is an emerging therapeutic target to combat cancer development, progression and drug resistance. The biological consequences of prolonged reduction in expression of this essential chaperone which so far has been studied primarily in young mice, was investigated in older mice, as older individuals are likely to be important recipients of anti-GRP78 therapy. We followed cohorts of Grp78+/+and Grp78+/−male and female mice up to 2 years of age in three different genetic backgrounds and characterized them with respect to body weight, organ integrity, behavioral and memory performance, cancer, inflammation and chemotoxic response. Our results reveal that body weight, organ development and integrity were not impaired in aged Grp78+/−mice. No significant effect on cancer incidence and inflammation was observed in aging mice. Interestingly, our studies detected some subtle differential trends between the WT and Grp78+/−mice in some test parameters dependent on gender and genetic background. Our studies provide the first evidence that GRP78 haploinsufficiency for up to 2 years of age has no major deleterious effect in rodents of different genetic background, supporting the merit of anti-GRP78 drugs in treatment of cancer and other diseases affecting the elderly.