bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing as an objective measure of vestibular stimulation with cochlear implants
Authors: Parkes William J. , Gnanasegaram Joshua J. , Cushing Sharon L. , McKnight Carmen L. , Papsin Blake C. , Gordon Karen A. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine if vestibular potentials could be elicited with electrical stimulation from cochlear implants.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsVestibular responsiveness to electrical stimulation from cochlear implants was assessed via vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing in 53 pediatric and young adult patients.ResultsThirty‐one participants (58%) showed at least one vestibular potential in response to acoustic stimulation; 33 (62%) had an electrically evoked vestibular response. A cervical VEMP (cVEMP) was present in 45 of the 96 tested ears (47%) in response to acoustic stimulation, and in 34 ears (35%) with electrical stimulation. An ocular VEMP (oVEMP) was elicited acoustically in 25 ears (26%) and electrically in 34 (35%) ears. In the ears with absent responses to acoustic stimuli, electrically evoked cVEMPs and oVEMPs were present in 14 (27%) and 18 (25%) ears, respectively. Electric VEMPs demonstrated shorter latencies than acoustic VEMPs (P < .01). Whereas an increased prevalence of VEMPs was seen at high stimulation levels (P < .01), there was no difference between prevalence proportions with basal (electrode 3) or apical (electrode 20) stimulation (P > .05).ConclusionsVEMPs can be elicited with electrical stimulation in a proportion of children with cochlear implants, demonstrating current spread from the cochlea to the vestibular system. The presence of electric VEMPs in acoustically nonresponsive ears, along with the shorter latencies of electrically driven VEMPs, suggests that electrical current can bypass the otoliths and directly stimulate vestibular neural elements.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:E75–E81, 2017
Characteristics of superior orbital subperiosteal abscesses in children
Authors: Quintanilla‐Dieck Lourdes , Chinnadurai Sivakumar , Goudy Steven L. , Virgin Frank W. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisSuperior pediatric orbital subperiosteal abscesses (SPAs) are less common than medial ones, and clinical features specific to patients with superior SPAs have not been well defined. Clinical characteristics between patients with superior and medial SPAs are compared to determine whether superior location is a risk factor for surgical intervention.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsThe target population consisted of patients diagnosed with an SPA and seen by the pediatric otolaryngology service at a tertiary children's hospital between January 2010 and October 2014. Imaging characteristics including proptosis, hypoglobus, intraorbital air, and abscess volume as well as treatment interventions were reviewed.ResultsForty patients between 5 and 17 years of age treated for an orbital SPA were identified. Thirteen patients were identified as having superior SPAs; 27 had medial SPAs. The average ages in the two groups were 10.92 and 9.26 years, respectively. The odds ratio for surgical treatment per each increasing year of age was 1.5 (P = .004). The proportion of patients requiring surgery was significantly different between the groups (12/13 superior vs. 13/27 medial, P = .01). The predominant organism group cultured in surgical patients was Streptococcus anginosus (8/24, 29.17%). Superior SPA patients had significantly more proptosis, hypoglobus, and abscess volume on computed tomography scan.ConclusionsPatients with superior SPAs may present with more advanced disease, leading to a higher rate of characteristics such as proptosis, hypoglobus, and intraorbital air, factors that would predispose to surgical drainage. We found that abscess volume was the most predictive of surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:735–740, 2017
Anisotropic UH model for soils based on a simple transformed stress method
Authors: Yao Y. , Tian Y. , Gao Z. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryA simple method called anisotropic transformed stress (ATS) method is proposed to develop failure criteria and constitutive models for anisotropic soils. In this method, stress components in different directions are modified differently in order to reflect the effect of anisotropy. It includes two steps of mapping of stress. First, a modified stress tensor is introduced, which is a symmetric multiplication of stress tensor and fabric tensor. In the modified stress space, anisotropic soils can be treated to be isotropic. Second, a TS tensor is derived from the modified stress tensor for the convenience of developing anisotropic constitutive models to account for the effect of intermediate principal stress. By replacing the ordinary stress tensor with the TS tensor directly, the unified hardening model is extended to model the anisotropic deformation of soils. Anisotropic Lade's criterion is adopted for shear yield and shear failure in the model. The form of the original model formulations remains unchanged, and the model parameters are independent of the loading direction. Good agreement between the experimental results and predictions of the anisotropic unified hardening model is observed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A topology‐based scaling mechanism for Apache Storm
Authors: Shieh Ce‐Kuen , Huang Sheng‐Wei , Sun Li‐Da , Tsai Ming‐Fong , Chilamkurti Naveen 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAs more and more well‐known companies, such as Twitter, Yahoo, and Alibaba, start to focus on real‐time big data applications, how to build a platform for processing real‐time data becomes an important issue. Among all the real‐time processing systems, Apache Storm is the most well‐known and representative open‐source, distributed, real‐time computation system. In Storm, the computation is implemented by a topology such as a graph where nodes are operators and edges represent the data flows between operators. In big data processing and analysis systems, scalability is an important issue. Storm provides rebalance mechanism for its scalability property, which can adjust the parallelism of a running topology. However, there are some drawbacks in rebalance command, such as resource usage restriction and topology execution suspension. In this paper, we propose a topology‐based scaling mechanism for Apache Storm. When a topology is overloaded, it scales by adjusting the number of the cloned topologies or replaced by another new topology with more tasks. When scaling by topology‐based mechanism, it eliminates resource usage restriction and execution suspension in the topology, and the procedure is automatically launched. The experimental results show that our topology‐based scaling mechanism can improve the scaling performance of Storm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A primal‐dual active‐set method for distributed model predictive control
Authors: Koehler Sarah , Danielson Claus , Borrelli Francesco 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWe present a novel distributed primal‐dual active‐set method for model predictive control. The primal‐dual active‐set method is used for solving model predictive control problems for large‐scale systems with quadratic cost, linear dynamics, additive disturbance, and box constraints. The proposed algorithm is compared with dual decomposition and an alternating direction method of multipliers. Theoretical and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for large‐scale systems with communication delays. The application to building control systems is thoroughly investigated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Striatal hypoactivation and cognitive slowing in patients with partially remitted and remitted major depression
Authors: Hammar Åsa , Neto Emanuel , Clemo Leila , Hjetland Gunnhild J. , Hugdahl Kenneth , Elliott Rebecca 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe present pilot study investigated neuronal correlates of executive functioning in patients previously diagnosed with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of the study was to examine a partially remitted and remittedMDDpatient group with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a cognitive activation paradigm in order to probe aspects of response inhibition, attention shift, and working memory. TwentyMDDpatients and 19 healthy controls, matched for age and sex, participated in the study. A working memory n‐back task with single presentations of incongruent Stroop words was used, with the instruction to either remember the color of the ink the word was written in, or the color word itself, presented two or three words back in the presentation series.MRimages were acquired on a 1.5‐TGE SignaHD MRscanner. In addition toMRdata, response time (RT) and response accuracy (RA) behavioral data were recorded. The behavioral results showed longerRTand lowerRAin theMDDgroup compared to the control group across instruction conditions and working memory load. Based on previous studies of executive function, a composite region of interest (ROI) mask of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), caudate, and putamen was used in statistical analysis. Significant activation was observed in controls throughout this corticostriatal network. When compared to controls, patients showed no significant difference in the level of activation in theACCand theDLPFC. However, in the putamen and caudate, hypoactivation in the patient group was observed. It was concluded that these effects could be due to a scar effect as a result of previous episodes ofMDD.
Slipping up on the sliding scale: fluid and electrolyte management in variable rate intravenous insulin infusions
Authors: Rickard LJ , Cubas V , Ward ST , Hanif W , Suggett E , Ismail T , Ghosh S 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to analyse variations in intravenous fluid therapy and electrolyte management with variable rate intravenous insulin infusions (VRIIIs); and to quantify serum electrolyte changes pre‐ versus post‐VRIII and variations therein depending on supplemented fluid electrolyte compositions.A retrospective study was undertaken involving 174 VRIIIs prescribed over a 10‐week period at a tertiary teaching hospital. Each VRIII had their associated fluid prescription and serum electrolytes analysed.The results showed that 5% dextrose (46%) and 0.9% NaCl (34%) were the most commonly prescribed fluids; 64% of fluids did not have the recommended potassium supplementation. Administration of a VRIII resulted in a significant drop in serum potassium levels (p < 0.0001) for those who did not receive supplementation. There was no drop in serum potassium for those patients who did receive supplemental potassium. Eleven patients (6.4%) developed new‐onset hypokalaemia (K ≤3.5 mmol/L) after implementation of a VRIII.Our study supports the hypothesis that VRIIIs cause hypokalaemia and that this can be averted by supplemental potassium, thus preventing potentially avoidable hypokalaemic complications. A large variation exists in prescribing fluids with VRIIIs. Introduction of the national surgical and medical VRIII guidelines, together with improved availability to recommended fluids, and a quality improvement project, are our next steps to improve patient outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons.
Preparation of polyelectrolyte‐stabilized silver nanoparticles for catalytic applications
Authors: Viswanathan Perumal , Ramaraj Ramasamy 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA facile and green method is developed for the preparation of polyelectrolyte‐stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using dopamine as a reducing agent. The AgNPs were prepared in the presence of the polyelectrolyte poly[acrylamide‐co‐(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)] (PADA) and amine‐functionalized silane matrices. Interestingly, only amine‐functionalized silanes led to AgNPs in the presence of PADA, whereas silane without amine functionalization failed to produce them. The catalytic ability of the AgNPs was investigated by adopting a benchmark reaction, i.e. reduction of 4‐nitrophenol in the presence of sodium borohydride. It was found that PADA‐Ag(0.1)‐TPDT (TPDT = N‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]diethylenetriamine) showed better catalytic activity when compared to other silver concentrations of 0.05, 0.5 and 1 mmol L−1. Remarkably, a very high normalized rate constant, 20 374 s−1 g−1, was observed for PADA‐Ag(0.1)‐TPDT. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect on catalysis by replacement of catalytic residue from hen egg white lysozyme to Venerupis philippinarum lysozyme*
Authors: Abe Yoshito , Kubota Mitsuru , Takazaki Shinya , Ito Yuji , Yamamoto Hiromi , Kang Dongchon , Ueda Tadashi , Imoto Taiji 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAsn46Asp/Asp52Ser or Asn46Glu/Asp52Ser hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) mutant was designed by introducing the substituted catalytic residue Asp46 or Glu46, respectively, based on Venerupis philippinarum (Vp) lysozyme structure as a representative of invertebrate‐type (i‐type) lyzozyme. These mutations restored the bell‐shaped pH‐dependency of the enzyme activity from the sigmoidal pH‐dependency observed for the Asp52Ser mutant. Furthermore both lysozyme mutants possessed retaining mechanisms like Vp lysozyme and HEL. The Asn46Glu/Asp52Ser mutant, which has a shorter distance between two catalytic residues, formed a glycosyl adduct in the reaction with the N‐acetylglucosamine oligomer. Furthermore, we found the accelerated turnover through its glycosyl adduct formation and decomposition. The turnover rate estimated from the glycosyl formation and decomposition rates was only 20% of the observed hydrolysis rate of the substrate. Based on these results, we discussed the catalytic mechanism of lysozymes.
Quantifying the Random Component of Measurement Error of Nominal Measurements Without a Gold Standard
Authors: Akkerhuis T. S. , de Mast J. 
Published: June 2016

It is well known that measurement error of numerical measurements can be divided into a systematic and a random component and that only the latter component is estimable if there is no gold standard or reference standard available. In this paper, we consider measurement error of nominal measurements. We motivate that, on a nominal measurement scale too, measurement error has a systematic and a random component and only the random component is estimable without gold standard.Especially in literature about binary measurement error, it is common to quantify measurement error by ‘false classification probabilities’: the probabilities that measurement outcomes are unequal to the correct outcomes. These probabilities can be split up in a systematic and a random component. We quantify the random component by ‘inconsistent classification probabilities’ (ICPs): the probabilities that a measurement outcome is unequal to the modal (instead of correct) outcome. Systematic measurement error then is the event that this modal outcome is unequal to the correct outcome.We introduce an estimator for theICPs and evaluate its properties in a simulation study. We end with a case study that demonstrates not only the determination and use of theICPs but also demonstrates how the proposed modeling can be used for formal hypothesis testing. Things to test include differences between appraisers and random classification by a single appraiser. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation Analysis in Contaminated Data by Singular Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Canas , Mahmoudvand Rahim 
Published: June 2016

Correlation analysis is one of the standard and most informative descriptive statistical tools when studying relationships between variables in bivariate and multivariate data. However, when data is contaminated with outlying observations, the standard Pearson correlation might be misleading and result in erroneous outcomes.In this paper, we propose three new approaches to find linear correlation based on the nonparametric method designed to analyse time series data, the singular spectrum analysis. In these proposals, the correlation is obtained after removing the noise from the data by using singular spectrum analysis based methods. The usefulness of our proposals in contaminated data is assessed by Monte Carlo simulation with different schemes of contamination, and with applications to real data on aluminium industry and synthetic sparse data. In addition, the model comparisons are made with robust hybrid filtering methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time diversity evaluation for attenuation mitigation method using attenuation data in Thailand and Japan
Authors: Chodkaveekityada Peeramed , Fukuchi Hajime 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIn order to support future satellite broadcasting and communication in the Ka band and above, the time diversity method provides a novel attenuation mitigation technique for maintaining satellite service availability at levels between 99.9 and 99.99%. In this paper, the time diversity method is analyzed using various time delays from between 1 min and 1 h in an effort to mitigate convective rain attenuation by using various beacon signal transmission delays. For comparison purposes, receiver beacon data from Japan and Thailand are presented to highlight tropical and non‐tropical zone regional differences, and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) R P.618‐12 standard is used for scaling up the Thaicom beacon frequencies from 12.57 and 12.59 GHz in the Ku band to 19.45 GHz, which is the Ka band frequency used by Japan's communication satellite (CS) beacon. We found that the time diversity method is very useful for mitigating the effects of rain attenuation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral enantioresolution of cathinone derivatives present in “legal highs”, and enantioselectivity evaluation on cytotoxicity of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)
Authors: Silva Bárbara , Fernandes Carla , Tiritan Maria Elizabeth , Pinto Madalena M.M. , Valente Maria João , Carvalho Márcia , de Pinho Paula Guedes , Remião Fernando 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Recently, great interest has been focused on synthetic cathinones since their consumption has increased exponentially. All synthetic cathinones exist as chiral molecules; the biological and/or toxicological properties of cathinones generally differ according to the enantiomers in human body. In this study, a chiral liquid chromatography method was developed to separate and determine the enantiomeric ratio of synthetic cathinones present in “legal highs” acquired in old smart shops or over the Internet. All the synthetic cathinones were efficiently enantio-separated with α and Rs ranging from 1.24 to 3.62 and from 1.24 to 10.52, respectively, using polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. All synthetic cathinones, with the exception of 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC), were present in the commercialized “legal highs” in an enantiomeric proportion of 50:50. One of the studied chiral compounds was 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), one of the most consumed cathinone derivative worldwide. Our research group has recently reported its hepatotoxicity in the racemic form. Thus, the analytical enantioresolution of the MDPV was scaled up to multi-milligram using a semi-preparative amylose tris-3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate column (20 cm × 7.0 mm ID, 7 µm particle size). Both enantiomers were isolated with high enantiomeric purity (enantiomeric excess > 99 %). The toxicity of S-(−)-MDPV and R-(+)-MDPV was evaluated, for the first time, using primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. It was also possible to verify that MDPV enantiomers showed hepatotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, but displayed no enantioselective toxicity in this cell culture model.
Youth experiences with multiple types of prejudice‐based harassment
Authors: Bucchianeri Michaela M. , Gower Amy L. , McMorris Barbara J. , Eisenberg Marla E. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTDespite prejudice‐based harassment's associations with serious physical and mental health risks, research examining multiple forms of harassment among children/adolescents is lacking. This study documents the prevalence of prejudice‐based harassment (i.e., harassment on the basis of gender, race/ethnicity, weight or physical appearance, sexual orientation, and disability status) among a large, statewide, school‐based Midwestern U.S. sample of 162,034 adolescents. Weight‐/appearance‐based harassment was most prevalent among both girls (25.3%) and boys (19.8%). Adolescents from certain vulnerable groups experienced higher rates of multiple types of harassment, even when controlling for other sociodemographic characteristics. Prejudice‐based harassment experiences are prevalent among adolescent girls and boys. Differential rates of each type of harassment are reported across groups within the corresponding sociodemographic status (e.g., white female adolescents report a significantly lower rate of race‐based harassment (4.8%), as compared to Native American (18.6%), mixed/other race (18.9%), Hispanic/Latina (21.5%), Asian/Pacific Islander (24.2%), or Black/African American (24.8%) female adolescents); but a pattern of cross‐harassment also is evident, such that differences in prevalence of each harassment type emerge across a variety of statuses (e.g., disability‐based harassment was statistically significantly higher among discordant heterosexual (12.7%), gay (13.0%), bisexual (15.3%), and unsure (15.3%) male adolescents than among heterosexual male (7.2%) adolescents). Adolescents from specific sociodemographic groups are particularly vulnerable to certain types of harassment.
Long-term antipsychotic use and its association with outcomes in schizophrenia – the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Moilanen J.M. , Haapea M. , Jääskeläinen E. , Veijola J.M. , Isohanni M.K. , Koponen H.J. , Miettunen J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundDue to the paucity of previous studies, we wanted to elucidate the pharmacoepidemiology of antipsychotics in schizophrenia in a general population sample, and the association between long-term antipsychotic use and outcomes.MethodsThe sample included 53 schizophrenia subjects from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 with at least ten years of follow-up (mean 18.6 years since illness onset). Data on lifetime medication and outcomes (remission, Clinical Global Impression [CGI], Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale [SOFAS]) were collected from medical records, interviews, and national registers.ResultsDuring the first two years 22 (42%), between two to five years 17 (32%), and between five to ten years 14 (26%) subjects had used antipsychotics less than half of the time. Drug-free periods became rarer during the follow-up. The mean lifetime daily dose of antipsychotics was 319 mg in chlorpromazine equivalents. A high lifetime average and cumulative dose and antipsychotic polypharmacy were associated with a poorer outcome in all measures, whereas having no drug-free periods was associated with a better SOFAS score and a low proportion of time on antipsychotics with a better CGI score.ConclusionsIn our population-based sample, the use of antipsychotics increased during the first five years of illness and was relatively stable after that. Our results suggest that both low dose and proportion of use, and having no drug-free periods, are associated with better outcomes, which concords with current treatment recommendations and algorithms. High long-term doses and polypharmacy may relate to poor outcomes.