bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The challenges of promoting osteogenesis in segmental bone defects and osteoporosis
Authors: Ball Alyssa N. , Donahue Seth W. , Wojda Samantha J. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Kawcak Christopher E. , Ehrhart Nicole , Goodrich Laurie R. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTConventional clinical management of complex bone healing scenarios continues to result in 5–10% of fractures forming non‐unions. Additionally, the aging population and prevalence of osteoporosis‐related fractures necessitate the further exploration of novel ways to augment osteogenesis in this special population. This review focuses on the current clinical modalities available, and the ongoing clinical and pre‐clinical research to promote osteogenesis in segmental bone defects, delayed unions, and osteoporosis. In summary, animal models of fracture repair are often small animals as historically significant large animal models, like the dog, continue to gain favor as companion animals. Small rodents have well‐documented limitations in comparing to fracture repair in humans, and few similarities exist. Study design, number of studies, and availability of funding continue to limit large animal studies. Osteoinduction with rhBMP‐2 results in robust bone formation, although long‐term quality is scrutinized due to poor bone mineral quality. PTH 1‐34 is the only FDA approved osteo‐anabolic treatment to prevent osteoporotic fractures. Limited to 2 years of clinical use, PTH 1‐34 has further been plagued by dose‐related ambiguities and inconsistent results when applied to pathologic fractures in systematic human clinical studies. There is limited animal data of PTH 1‐34 applied locally to bone defects. Gene therapy continues to gain popularity among researchers to augment bone healing. Non‐integrating viral vectors and targeted apoptosis of genetically modified therapeutic cells is an ongoing area of research. Finally, progenitor cell therapies and the content variation of patient‐side treatments (e.g., PRP and BMAC) are being studied. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1559–1572, 2018.
SERS spectrum of imazalil. Experimental and quantum‐chemical vibrational analysis
Authors: Díaz‐Mirón Gonzalo , Sánchez María A. , Chemes Doly M. , Álvarez Rosa M.S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractImazalil [1‐[2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐2‐(2‐propenyloxyl‐ethyl]‐1 H imidazole] is a systemic fungicide that is toxic to a number of plant pathogens, particularly species of Penicillum. Its activity is based on the inhibition of mold sporulation on fruit skin, which makes it one of the most commonly used fungicide in post‐harvest citrus treatments for fruit preservation during storage, shipping, and marketing. Due to its wide application, the presence of imazalil needs to be monitored to avoid the excessive and/or improper use. This work reports a complete analysis of the Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectra of imazalil as a pure compound as well as in the commercial product for agricultural use; the band assignment relays in the vibrational predictions acquired by quantum‐chemical calculations (B3LYP/6–311 + g(2df, p)) for the imazalil molecule. An analytical application of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is also presented here. It is done so by using a novel, low‐cost, and sensitive SERS‐active substrate built with silver nanoparticles supported on a Si/ZnO nanowires platform to detect traces of imazalil in aqueous solutions. Comparison between the Raman and SERS spectra allowed the characterization of the interaction between the pesticide and the silver nanoparticle surface.
Immunostimulatory effect of pepsin enzymatic extract from Porphyra yezoensis on murine splenocytes
Authors: Herath Khin Madushani , Lee Jeong Ha , Cho Jinhee , Kim Areum , Shin Su Min , Kim Bohyung , Jeon You‐Jin , Jee Youngheun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDPorphyra yezoensis is a red alga consumed mainly in Korea, Japan, and China for food. This study researches the immunological effect of pepsin extract of P. yezoensis (PPEE) on murine splenocytes.RESULTSPPEE was not toxic on murine splenocytes and dramatically increased the proliferation of splenocytes compared with untreated control. Flow cytometry assay performed to sum up the effect of PPEE (31.3 and 62.5 µg mL−1) on major immune cells revealed that PPEE had no effect on the function of CD3e+CD4+ T‐helper cells, CD3e+CD8+ T‐cytotoxic cells, or CD44+CD62L‐ effector T cells in splenocytes compared with untreated control. More importantly, CD45+CD11b+ macrophage and dendritic cell populations and Ly‐6C+Ly‐6G+ macrophages/monocytes in splenocytes were activated by PPEE treatment compared with untreated control. Further experiments showed that PPEE treatment increased the secretion of macrophage‐derived cytokines such as interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐12, and macrophage‐activating cytokines interferon‐γ and interleukin‐10 compared with untreated control.CONCLUSIONTaken together, these results suggest that PPEE has an immune stimulatory effect on macrophages, dendritic cells, and memory T cells. This property signifies the potential medicinal value of PPEE in clinical implications for immune‐compromised diseases. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioactive hydrolysates from casein: generation, identification, and in silico toxicity and allergenicity prediction of peptides
Authors: Tu Maolin , Liu Hanxiong , Zhang Ruyi , Chen Hui , Fan Fengjiao , Shi Pujie , Xu Xianbing , Lu Weihong , Du Ming 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDBioactive casein peptides have attracted considerable attention for their applications in industry. However, there is little clarity regarding mass spectrometric profiles for peptides in enzymatic hydrolysates of casein produced under varying conditions. In this study, the compositions of the peptides from casein hydrolysates were compared for different enzyme/substrate ratio (E/S) and hydrolysis times. The toxicity, allergenicity and bioactivity of the identified peptides were assessed in silico.RESULTSA total of 70 unique peptides were identified, and there were 28, 21, 13 and 8 peptides from αs1‐casein, αs2‐casein, β‐casein and κ‐casein respectively. The peptide number decreased with the increase in E/S and hydrolysis time. Moreover, peptides with relative molecular mass Mr ranging from 1000 to 1500 Da occupied the highest proportion of 31.43%, and almost all of the peptides showed Mr less than 5000 Da. In silico analysis showed that all of the peptides were non‐toxic and non‐allergenic, and several of them were assessed by PeptideRanker as having a relatively high likelihood of being bioactive peptides.CONCLUSIONSComposition of the peptides in the casein hydrolysates varied with the enzymolysis conditions. This study's results may facilitate the production of target bioactive peptides by controlling E/S and hydrolysis time, which is beneficial for the application of casein peptides in the functional food industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Shelf‐life dating of shelf‐stable strawberry juice based on survival analysis of consumer acceptance information
Authors: Buvé Carolien , Van Bedts Tine , Haenen Annelien , Kebede Biniam , Braekers Roel , Hendrickx Marc , Van Loey Ann , Grauwet Tara 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAccurate shelf‐life dating of food products is crucial for consumers and industries. Therefore, in this study we applied a science‐based approach for shelf‐life assessment, including accelerated shelf‐life testing (ASLT), acceptability testing and the screening of analytical attributes for fast shelf‐life predictions. Shelf‐stable strawberry juice was selected as a case study.RESULTSAmbient storage (20 °C) had no effect on the aroma‐based acceptance of strawberry juice. The colour‐based acceptability decreased during storage under ambient and accelerated (28‐42 °C) conditions. The application of survival analysis showed that the colour‐based shelf‐life was reached in the early stages of storage (≤11 weeks) and that the shelf‐life was shortened at higher temperatures. None of the selected attributes (a* and ΔE* value, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid content) is an ideal analytical marker for shelf‐life predictions in the investigated temperature range (20–42 °C). Nevertheless, an overall analytical cut‐off value over the whole temperature range can be selected.CONCLUSIONSColour changes of strawberry juice during storage are shelf‐life limiting. Combining ASLT with acceptability testing allowed to gain faster insight into the change in colour‐based acceptability and to perform shelf‐life predictions relying on scientific data. An analytical marker is a convenient tool for shelf‐life predictions in the context of ASLT. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Short‐term outcomes and risk factors for pancreatic fistula after pancreatic enucleation: A single‐center experience of 142 patients
Authors: Wang Xing , Tan Chun‐lu , Zhang Hao , Chen Yong‐Hua , Yang Min , Ke Neng‐wen , Liu Xu‐Bao 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundEnucleation is increasingly used for benign or low‐grade pancreatic neoplasms. Enucleation preserves the pancreatic parenchyma as well as decreases the risk of long‐term endocrine and exocrine dysfunction, but may be associated with a higher rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). The aim of this study was to assess short‐term outcomes, in particular, POPF.MethodsData were collected retrospectively from all 142 patients who underwent pancreatic enucleation between 2009 and 2014 in our institution were analyzed.ResultsLesions were most frequently located in the head and uncinate process of the pancreas (60.6%), and the most common types were neuroendocrine neoplasms (52.1%). Overall morbidity was 66%, mainly due to POPF (53.5%), and severe morbidity was only 8.4%, including one death (0.7%). Clinical POPF (Grade B or C) occurred in 22 patients (15.5%). Independent risk factors for clinical POPF were age ≥60 years, an episode of acute pancreatitis, and cystic morphology. Tumor size, coverage, histological differentiation, and prolonged operative time were not associated with the risk of POPF.ConclusionsEnucleation is a safe and feasible procedure for benign or low‐grade pancreatic neoplasms. The rate of clinical POPF is acceptable, and clinical POPF occurs more frequently in elderly patients (≥60 years of age), patients with cystic neoplasms, or patients with an episode of acute pancreatitis.
Analysis of bioactive components and multi‐component pharmacokinetics of saponins from the leaves of Panax notoginseng in rat plasma after oral administration by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Ju Zhengcai , Li Jia , Han Han , Yang Li , Wang Zhengtao 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, simple ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass tandem mass spectrometry is used to characterize the absorbed components in rat plasma after the oral administration of saponins from the leaves of Panax notoginseng. Seventeen prototype compounds are structurally characterized. Furthermore, a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method is also used for the simultaneous determination of notoginsenoside Fc, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rc, ginsenoside Rb3, ginsenoside Rd, and notoginsenoside Fe in rat plasma within 5 min. After n‐butanol mediated liquid–liquid extraction, all analytes were separated on a C18 column and monitored in negative ion mode. Linearity, sensitivity, intra‐ and inter‐assay precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, and stability were all within acceptable ranges. The validated liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method is successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of saponins from the leaves of Panax notoginseng in rats after oral administration. The results suggest that notoginsenoside Fc and ginsenoside Rb3 showed relatively higher exposure compared with other saponins. All saponins showed a long duration in plasma with a t1/2 longer than 15 h, except notoginsenoside Fe (t1/2 = 2.78 h). This study provides important information about the metabolism of saponins from the leaves of Panax notoginseng, which is useful for completely understanding its mechanism of action.
National trends in primary tracheoesophageal puncture after total laryngectomy
Authors: Sethi Rosh K. V. , Deschler Daniel G. 
Published: December 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) can be performed at the time of laryngectomy (primary) or postoperatively (secondary). Prior studies demonstrate safe and earlier voice acquisition and rehabilitation with primary TEP. The objectives of this study were to assess national trends in primary TEP and identify factors associated with its use.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2010 to 2014 was performed. The NIS was queried for patients who underwent total laryngectomy (TL) (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD‐9‐CM] 30.3–30.4) and primary TEP (ICD‐9‐CM 31.95). Patient demographics, comorbidities, and factors known to influence the decision to perform TEP were characterized. Factors associated with primary TEP were identified by multivariable regression.ResultsA total of 15,410 patients underwent TL during the study period. Of this cohort, 1,124 patients (7.3%) underwent primary TEP. Among patients who underwent primary TEP, 80.9% had laryngeal cancer, 16.4% had pedicled or free‐flap reconstruction at the time of TL, 4.2% underwent partial pharyngectomy, and 48.0% underwent cricopharyngeal myotomy (CPM). The majority of primary TEPs were performed at urban teaching hospitals (90.6%). In multivariable regression, patients who underwent CPM were at significantly increased odds of primary TEP (odds ratio: 3.79, P < .0001). Flap reconstruction, partial pharyngectomy, age, gender, history of laryngeal cancer, hospital region, and teaching status were not associated.ConclusionsPrimary TEP is associated with earlier voice restoration after TL but is infrequently performed. The majority of primary TEPs are performed in teaching hospitals, and primary TEP is associated with concurrent cricopharyngeal myotomy. Future studies should investigate practice patterns associated with primary TEP.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:2320–2325, 2018
Electrically Detected Magnetic Resonance Observations of Spin‐Dependent Space‐Charge‐Limited Conduction in Regioregular Poly(3‐Hexylthiophene)
Authors: Fukuda Kunito , Asakawa Naoki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPauli spin blockade associated with bipolaron formation from positively charged mobile and trapped polarons in a regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (RR‐P3HT) Schottky barrier diode is detected using electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) spectroscopy. This is the first experimental observation of bipolaron formation from positively charged mobile and trapped polarons in the space‐charge‐limited conduction regime in a polymer semiconductor. It is inferred that carrier traps exist in the disordered regions at the crystalline grain boundaries in RR‐P3HT. Furthermore, EDMR measurements under various constant‐current conditions suggest that shallow and deep traps have distinguishable g‐values.
Supersimple structures with a dense independent subset
Authors: Berenstein Alexander , Carmona Juan Felipe , Vassiliev Evgueni 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBased on the work done in [][] in the o‐minimal and geometric settings, we study expansions of models of a supersimple theory with a new predicate distiguishing a set of forking‐independent elements that is dense inside a partial type , which we call H‐structures. We show that any two such expansions have the same theory and that under some technical conditions, the saturated models of this common theory are again H‐structures. We prove that under these assumptions the expansion is supersimple and characterize forking and canonical bases of types in the expansion. We also analyze the effect these expansions have on one‐basedness and CM‐triviality. In the one‐based case, when T has SU‐rank and the SU‐rank is continuous, we take to be the type of elements of SU‐rank and we describe a natural “geometry of generics modulo H” associated with such expansions and show it is modular.
Synthesis of Polyaniline Nanowires and Nanorods in the Presence of NaF under an Electric Field and Their Characterization
Authors: Wang Ruijuan , Wu Xiaodong , Bei Fengli 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this work, polyaniline nanowires and nanorods are synthesized through adjusting and controlling the concentration of D‐camphor‐10‐sulfonic acid (CSA) and NaF salt under the application of an electric field. The morphologies and structures of as‐synthesized polyaniline (PANI) are characterized through various methods, including transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis, Fouier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The results demonstrate that the introduction of an electric field can improve the crystallinity of PANI, and PANI nanowires/nanorods are fabricated through changing the amount of NaF or CSA in the presence of the electric field. Besides, the 1H NMR experiments are executed to investigate the structures of final products.
Near‐Field Electrospinning Patterning Polycaprolactone and Polycaprolactone/Collagen Interconnected Fiber Membrane
Authors: Middleton Rox , Li Xia , Shepherd Jenny , Li Zhaoying , Wang Wenyu , Best Serena M. , Cameron Ruth E. , Huang Yan Yan Shery 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSolution‐based near‐field electrospinning is employed to construct polymeric network membranes, made of orderly arranged and interconnected fibers. The narrow tip‐to‐nozzle separation of the direct‐writing process leads to solvent enriched fibers being deposited on the substrate, despite the use of a low boiling point solvent. This results in fibers with low cross‐sectional aspect ratio (flattened appearance), but providing a unique opportunity to produce interconnected fiber junctions through in situ, localized solvent etching by subsequent fiber overlays. Orthogonal networks of polycaprolactone (PCL) fibres, or PCL/collagen composite fibres, are fabricated, and then characterized by microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. This study presents a direct approach to strengthen interfiber junctions, and further the feasibility to interweave and interconnect fibers of different properties, leading to networked membranes with potentially tailorable functions for tissue engineering applications and beyond.
Comparative analysis of the effect of antihypertensive drugs on the survival of perforator flaps in a rat model
Authors: Park Jin‐Woo , Mun Goo‐Hyun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundFirst‐line antihypertensive drugs include calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and diuretics. In this study, we compared the effects of antihypertensive drugs on the survival of perforator flaps in a rat model.Materials and methodsFifty normotensive rats were randomly divided into five groups, with 10 rats in each group. Four different antihypertensive drugs were given via oral gavage for 7 days: group I: 1.5 mg/kg amlodipine; group II: 15 mg/kg captopril; group III: 15 mg/kg losartan; group IV: 7 mg/kg dichlozid; and group V: saline. An 8 × 10‐cm‐sized extended dorsal island skin flap based on the unilateral deep circumflex iliac artery perforator was elevated and fixed in place. At postoperative day 7, evaluation of viable flap area, edema measurement, and histological analysis were conducted.ResultsNo significant difference in systolic blood pressure was observed preoperatively between any of the groups. The mean flap survival area was 81.54 ± 6.71, 55.76 ± 21.01, 48.45 ± 13.72, 58.14 ± 16.96, and 67.99 ± 10.68% in groups I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively. It was significantly increased in group I (P = .007) and decreased in group III (P = .011) compared with the control group. The mean full‐thickness necrosis area was significantly increased in group III (P = .024) compared to the control group.ConclusionsAngiotensin receptor blockers adversely affected the survival of perforator flaps, while calcium channel blockers increased it. These results suggest that the regimen of antihypertensive drugs may need to be carefully selected for patients undergoing perforator flap reconstruction.
An eight‐channel sodium/proton coil for brain MRI at 3 T
Authors: Lakshmanan Karthik , Brown Ryan , Madelin Guillaume , Qian Yongxian , Boada Fernando , Wiggins Graham C. 
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this work is to illustrate a new coil decoupling strategy and its application to a transmit/receive sodium/proton phased array for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the human brain. We implemented an array of eight triangular coils that encircled the head. The ensemble of coils was arranged to form a modified degenerate mode birdcage whose eight shared rungs were offset from the z‐axis at interleaved angles of ±30°. This key geometric modification resulted in triangular elements whose vertices were shared between next‐nearest neighbors, which provided a convenient location for counter‐wound decoupling inductors, whilst nearest‐neighbor decoupling was addressed with shared capacitors along the rungs. This decoupling strategy alleviated the strong interaction that is characteristic of array coils at low frequency (32.6 MHz in this case) and allowed the coil to operate efficiently in transceive mode. The sodium array provided a 1.6‐fold signal‐to‐noise ratio advantage over a dual‐nuclei birdcage coil in the center of the head and up to 2.3‐fold gain in the periphery. The array enabled sodium MRI of the brain with 5‐mm isotropic resolution in approximately 13 min, thus helping to overcome low sodium MR sensitivity and improving quantification in neurological studies. An eight‐channel proton array was integrated into the sodium array to enable anatomical imaging.
Dysbiosis Signatures of Gut Microbiota Along the Sequence from Healthy, Young Patients to Those with Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Gao Renyuan , Zhu Cuiling , Li Hao , Yin Mingming , Pan Cheng , Huang Linsheng , Kong Cheng , Wang Xingchun , Zhang Yi , Qu Shen , Qin Huanlong 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the gut microbiota in healthy volunteers (HVs), patients with overweight (OW), and patients with obesity (OB), including those with acanthosis nigricans (AN) or without AN (N‐AN).MethodsMicrobial 16S rRNA genes were examined by using pyrosequencing technology and analyzed by using bioinformatics methods.ResultsSubjects in the OW and OB groups showed severe disturbances in glycemic control, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers (all P < 0.05); patients with AN had worse metabolic status (P < 0.001) and a lower diversity of microbiota (P < 0.05). The OB and HV groups showed totally different gut microbiota composition. In the OB group, beneficial microbiotas including Bifidobacterium (0.01% vs. 0.05%, false discovery rate [FDR] = 4.27*10−5), anti‐inflammatory Faecalibacterium (6.70% vs. 13.82%, FDR = 0.010), and butyrate‐producing Ruminococcaceae were significantly decreased, whereas Bacillus (0.58% vs. 0.04%, FDR = 0.013) and potential opportunistic pathogens such as Fusobacterium (1.44% vs. 0.11%, FDR < 0.01) and Escherichia‐Shigella (6.01% vs. 0.76%, FDR = 0.041) had outgrown dramatically. Function prediction revealed a significant increase in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis proteins and bacterial invasion of epithelial cell–associated genes and a significant decrease in glucose and essential amino acid‐related genes.ConclusionsGut microbiotas and their functions were significantly changed in obesity. More prospective studies on association and causality between microbiota and obesity are imperative and might contribute to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of obesity.