bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tectonic evolution of the Bogda region from Late Carboniferous to Triassic time: evidence from detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and sandstone petrography
Authors: WANG JIALIN , WU CHAODONG , LI ZHUANG , ZHU WEN , ZHOU TIANQI , WU JUN , WANG JUN 
Published: January 2017

AbstractField-based mapping, sandstone petrology, palaeocurrent measurements and zircon cathodoluminescence images, as well as detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology were integrated to investigate the provenance of the Upper Carboniferous – Upper Triassic sedimentary rocks from the northern Bogda Mountains, and further to constrain their tectonic evolution. Variations in sandstone composition suggest that the Upper Carboniferous – Lower Triassic sediments displayed less sedimentary recycling than the Middle–Upper Triassic sediments. U–Pb isotopic dating using the LA-ICP-MS method on zircons from 12 sandstones exhibited similar zircon U–Pb age distribution patterns with major age groups at 360–320 Ma and 320–300 Ma, and with some grains giving ages of > 541 Ma, 541–360 Ma, 300–250 Ma and 250–200 Ma. Coupled with the compiled palaeocurrent data, the predominant sources were the Late Carboniferous volcanic rocks of the North Tianshan and Palaeozoic magmatic rocks of the Yili–Central Tianshan. There was also input from the Bogda Mountains in Middle–Late Triassic time. The comprehensive geological evidence indicates that the Upper Carboniferous – Lower Permian strata were probably deposited in an extensional context which was related to a rift or post-collision rather than arc-related setting. Conspicuously, the large range of U–Pb ages of the detrital zircons, increased sedimentary lithic fragments, fluvial deposits and contemporaneous Triassic zircon ages argue for a Middle–Late Triassic orogenic movement, which was considered to be the initial uplift of the Bogda Mountains.
Microbiology of otitis media in Indigenous Australian children: review
Authors: Jervis-Bardy J , Carney A S , Duguid R , Leach A J 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectives:To review research addressing the polymicrobial aetiology of otitis media in Indigenous Australian children in order to identify research gaps and inform best practice in effective prevention strategies and therapeutic interventions.Methods:Literature review.Results:Studies of aspirated middle-ear fluid represented a minor component of the literature reviewed. Most studies relied upon specimens from middle-ear discharge or the nasopharynx. Culture-based middle-ear discharge studies have found that non-typeableHaemophilus influenzaeandStreptococcus pneumoniaepredominate, withMoraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureusandStreptococcus pyogenesisolated in a lower proportion of samples.Alloiococcus otitidiswas detected in a number of studies; however, its role in otitis media pathogenesis remains controversial. Nasopharyngeal colonisation is a risk factor for otitis media in Indigenous infants, and bacterial load of otopathogens in the nasopharynx can predict the ear state of Indigenous children.Conclusion:Most studies have used culture-based methods and specimens from middle-ear discharge or the nasopharynx. Findings from these studies are consistent with international literature, but reliance on culture may incorrectly characterise the microbiology of this condition. Advances in genomic technologies are now providing microbiologists with the ability to analyse the entire mixed bacterial communities (‘microbiomes’) of samples obtained from Indigenous children with otitis media.
SRS characteristics and its influence on SBS pulse compression in a fluorocarbon liquid
Authors: Yuan H. , Wang Y. , Lu Z. , Liu Z. , Bai Z. , Liu R. , Cui C. , Zhang H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the occurrence of the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and its effects on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) pulse compression in FC-40 are investigated. As the experimental medium, the characteristics of FC-40 are suitable for pulse compression. Firstly, the frequency shifts and the threshold of SRS in FC-40 are studied with a mode-locked laser system as pump source, without taking the SBS effect into account. On the basis of the experimental results, the competition between SRS and SBS as well as its effect on pulse compression is investigated. Results show that SRS gets higher gain and grows rapidly with the increase of the laser intensity by pump effect, which will result in decreasing of SBS energy reflection.
An Ecological Approach to Reducing Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use: Canadian Deprescribing Network
Authors: Tannenbaum Cara , Farrell Barbara , Shaw James , Morgan Steve , Trimble Johanna , Currie Janet C. , Turner Justin , Rochon Paula , Silvius James 
Published: January 2017

RÉSUMÉLa polypharmacie est en croissance au Canada, ainsi que les effets indésirables des médicaments et les coûts associés à la drogue. Une partie de la solution peut être la déprescription—le processus planifié et contrôlé de la réduction des doses ou la cessation des médicaments qui peuvent nutrient ou qui n’offrent plus d’avantage. La déprescription peut être un processus complexe impliquant des patients, les professionnels de la santé et des facteurs de politique et d’organisation qui peuvent servir comme facilitateurs ou obstacles. Cet article décrit la justification, le fondement théorique et le processus de développement d’un Réseau canadien de dépréscription (ReCaD), un réseau d’individus, d’organisations et de décideurs engagés à promouvoir l’utilisation appropriée des médicaments et des approches non pharmacologiques aux soins parmi les personnes âgées au Canada. ReCaD déploiera plusieurs niveaux d’action à travers des groupes de parties prenantes multiples simultanément dans une approche écologique à l’évolution du système de santé. ReCaD propose un modèle unique qui pourrait être appliqué à la fois dans les contextes nationaux et aux différents défis de transformation dans les soins de santé.
Association of cigarette smoking with a past history and incidence of herpes zoster in the general Japanese population: the SHEZ Study
Authors: BAN J. , TAKAO Y. , OKUNO Y. , MORI Y. , ASADA H. , YAMANISHI K. , ISO H. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYFew studies have examined the impact of cigarette smoking on the risk for herpes zoster. The Shozu Herpes Zoster (SHEZ) Study is a community-based prospective cohort study over 3 years in Japan aiming to clarify the incidence and predictive and immunological factors for herpes zoster. We investigated the associations of smoking status with past history and incidence of herpes zoster. A total of 12 351 participants provided valid information on smoking status and past history of herpes zoster at baseline survey. Smoking status was classified into three categories (current, former, never smoker), and if currently smoking, the number of cigarettes consumed per day was recorded. The participants were under the active surveillance for first-ever incident herpes zoster for 3 years. We used a logistic regression model for the cross-sectional study on the association between smoking status and past history of herpes zoster, and a Cox proportional hazards regression model for the cohort study on the association with risk of incidence. The multivariable adjusted odd ratios (95% CI) of past history of herpes zoster for current vs. never smokers were 0·67 (0·54–0·80) for total subjects, 0·72 (0·56–0·93) for men and 0·65 (0·44–0·96) for women. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of incident herpes zoster for current vs. never smokers were 0·52 (0·33–0·81) for total subjects, 0·49 (0·29–0·83) for men and 0·52 (0·19–1·39) for women. Smoking status was inversely associated with the prevalence and incidence of herpes zoster in the general population of men and women aged ⩾50 years.
Molecular epidemiological analysis to assess the influence of pet-ownership in the biodiversity ofStaphylococcus aureusand MRSA in dog- and non-dog-owning healthy households
Authors: VAN BALEN J. C. , LANDERS T. , NUTT E. , DENT A. , HOET A. E. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYIt has been suggested that zoonotic transmission ofStaphylococcus aureus(SA) and methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) can occur between owners and their pets within the same household. However, the influence that pet-ownership could have in the biodiversity of SA/MRSA strains circulating among owners is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to perform a molecular epidemiological analysis to evaluate and compare the biodiversity of SA/MRSA strains in dog-owning and non-dog-owning healthy households within the same community. Antimicrobial resistance, SCCmectype, USA type and clonality were assessed. Overall, 33·1% (165/499) of human subjects carried SA and 2·8% (14/499) carried MRSA. Among dogs, 7·1% (8/113) carried SA but none were MRSA positive. No difference was detected in the diversity index of SA/MRSA pulsotypes between dog-owning and non-dog-owning households; but, a marked variation was still observed in the pulsotypes circulating in each type of household. Additionally, simultaneous carriage of the same SA pulsotype in owner(s) and dog was observed in 57% of households with positive humans and pets. These results demonstrate that dogs can indeed participate in the circulation of SA/MRSA pulsotypes within a home and that the presence of a pet does not seem to favour certain strains within their household.
High prevalence of HPV infection in the remote villages of French Guiana: an epidemiological study
Authors: ADENIS A. , DUFIT V. , DOUINE M. , CORLIN F. , AYHAN G. , NAJIOULLAH F. , MOLINIE V. , BROUSSE P. , CARLES G. , LACOSTE V. , CESAIRE R. , NACHER M. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYCervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer in women in French Guiana. Studies have shown that populations living in the remote areas of the interior have early sexual debut and that multiple sexual partnerships are common. The objective of the present study was thus to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in these areas. A study was conducted in women aged 20–65 years with previous sexual activity. Women were included on a voluntary basis after using local media and leaders to inform them of the visit of the team. HPV infection was defined by the detection of HPV DNA using the Greiner Bio-One kit. In addition to HPV testing cytology was performed. The overall age-standardized prevalence rate was 35%. There was a U-shaped evolution of HPV prevalence by age with women aged >50 years at highest risk for HPV, followed by the 20–29 years group. Twenty-seven percent of women with a positive HPV test had normal cytology. Given the high incidence of cervical cancer in French Guiana and the high prevalence of HPV infections the present results re-emphasize the need for screening for cervical cancer in these remote areas. Vaccination against HPV, preferably with a nonavalent vaccine, also seems an important prevention measure. However, in this region where a large portion of the population has no health insurance, this still represents a challenge.
Morphologic analysis of sperm from two neotropical primate species: comparisons between the squirrel monkeysSaimiri collinsiandSaimiri vanzolinii
Authors: Sampaio Wlaisa V. , Oliveira Karol G. , Leão Danuza L. , Caldas-Bussiere Maria C. , Queiroz Helder L. , Paim Fernanda P. , Santos Regiane R. , Domingues Sheyla F.S. 
Published: January 2017

SummarySperm morphometry can be applied to identify different animal groups and species and to evaluate sperm quality. Furthermore, knowledge on species-specific differences will help to enhance biological information, as well as to develop efficient reproductive technologies. The aims in the present study were to describe sperm morphometry from the recently characterized speciesS. collinsiandS. vanzolinii, to verify if the morphometric sperm patterns are similar or different between both species, and to determine if the sperm morphometry is affected by the levels of sperm defects using theS. collinsias a model. Semen was collected fromS. collinsi(n= 10) andS. vanzolinii(n= 2) monkeys, and sperm was submitted to morphological analysis. From the 10 samples fromS. collinsi, five presented sperm of poor quality and two subgroups were formed for this species, i.e. high and poor quality sperm. Data on sperm motility and vigour were analysed, as well morphometric parameters on sperm head and tail. It was observed the normal morphometry was correlated with high quality sperm. Poor quality sperm presented smaller and 7% more ellipticity in their head, when compared with high quality sperm. Sperm fromS. vanzoliniipresented larger head than those fromS. collinsi, but tail lengths were similar. Sperm morphometry can be used as a complementary tool to predict sperm motility and vigour for theS. collinsispecies, andS. collinsiappear as a suitable model forS. vanzolinii.
A systematic review evaluating the impact of paid home carer training, supervision, and other interventions on the health and well-being of older home care clients
Authors: Cooper Claudia , Cenko Blerta , Dow Briony , Rapaport Penny 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBackground:Interventions to support and skill paid home carers and managers could potentially improve health and well-being of older home care clients. This is the first systematic review of interventions to improve how home carers and home care agencies deliver care to older people, with regard to clients’ health and well-being and paid carers’ well-being, job satisfaction, and retention.Methods:We reviewed 10/731 papers found in the electronic search (to January 2016) fitting predetermined criteria, assessed quality using a checklist, and synthesized data using quantitative and qualitative techniques.Results:Ten papers described eight interventions. The six quantitative evaluations used diverse outcomes that precluded meta-analysis. In the only quantitative study (a cluster Randomized Controlled Trial), rated higher quality, setting meaningful goals, carer training, and supervision improved client health-related quality of life. The interventions that improved client outcomes comprised training with additional implementation, such as regular supervision and promoted care focused around clients’ needs and goals. In our qualitative synthesis of four studies, intervention elements carers valued were greater flexibility to work to a needs-based rather than a task-based model, learning more about clients, and improved communication with management and other workers.Conclusions:There is a dearth of evidence regarding effective strategies to improve how home care is delivered to older clients, particularly those with dementia. More research in this sector including feasibility testing of the first home care intervention trials to include health and life quality outcomes for clients with more severe dementia is now needed.
Giant congenital left atrial appendage aneurysm
Authors: Hui Chengyi , Luo Shuhua , An Qi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present a rare case of an asymptomatic giant congenital left atrial appendage aneurysm in a 19-year-old girl. We believe this is the largest congenital left atrial appendage aneurysm reported without any symptom.
Molecular mapping of linked leaf rust resistance and non-glaucousness gene introgressed fromAegilops tauschiiCoss. in hexaploid wheatTriticum aestivumL.
Authors: Saluja Manny , Kaur Satinder , Bansal Urmil , Bhardwaj Subhash Chander , Chhuneja Parveen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAegilops tauschii, the D genome donor of wheat, is an invaluable source of genetic variability, which can be utilized for broadening the wheat gene pool. Linked leaf rust resistance and non-glaucousness genes transferred fromAe. tauschiito cultivated wheat variety WH542 were mapped in the present study. Genetic analysis in an F2population from a BC3plant derived from the crossTriticum durumcv. PBW114/Ae. tauschiiacc. pau14195//4*T. aestivumcv. WH542 revealed monogenic dominant inheritance for both the traits. The leaf rust resistance and the non-glaucousness gene were tentatively namedLrTandIwT, respectively. Leaf rust resistance gene exhibited all stage resistance. SSR markersXbarc124, Xgdm5, Xgdm35, Xcfd51and EST-derived markersXcau96andXte6on chromosome 2DS were linked with both genes. Chromosomal assignments of the genes were confirmed by testing linked SSR markers on Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomics lines. SSR markersXcau96(1.6 cM) andXbarc124(0.6 cM) flankedLrTandXgdm35(4.1 cM) andXte6(2.5 cM) flanked non-glaucousness gene.LrTandIwTshowed a recombination distance of 3.4 cM. Hence,IwTcan be used as an easy to score morphological marker ofLrTduring its transfer to other glaucous backgrounds.
Mickey Mouse Muzak: Shaping Experience Musically at Walt Disney World
Authors: CAMP GREGORY 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe academic assessment of the products of the Walt Disney Company is usually highly negative, drawing out their sexist, racist, and mercenary factors. Although such views are not easily denied, their strong ideology often hides how Disney texts actually operate and how their audiences interact with them. This article explores how recorded music is used in the Disney theme parks to condition audience response, finding a middle ground between an ideological view, exploring the part music plays in social control, and a hermeneutic view, seeing how music functions in articulating and enhancing the experiences in which Disney's guests participate. Disney's Imagineers draw on the language of film music to create a wide variety of narrative musical spaces that give guests the impression that they navigate through these carefully staged narratives as protagonists. Film-musicological models show that guests are encouraged to feel that they control the respective spaces, although filtering the model through critical theory will demonstrate that the spaces can actually be seen as controlling them. While critical theory and structuralist hermeneutics might seem at first like strange bedfellows, analyses of both the narratives themselves and of their social effects can usefully reflect each other, together providing a more nuanced view of Walt Disney World's experiential texts than has been presented either in the academy or by Disney itself.
Evolution of body size in anteaters and sloths (Xenarthra, Pilosa): phylogeny, metabolism, diet and substrate preferences
Authors: Toledo N. , Bargo M.S. , Vizcaíno S.F. , De Iuliis G. , Pujos F. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTPilosa include anteaters (Vermilingua) and sloths (Folivora). Modern tree sloths are represented by two genera,BradypusandCholoepus(both around 4–6 kg), whereas the fossil record is very diverse, with approximately 90 genera ranging in age from the Oligocene to the early Holocene. Fossil sloths include four main clades, Megalonychidae, Megatheriidae, Nothrotheriidae, and Mylodontidae, ranging in size from tens of kilograms to several tons. Modern Vermilingua are represented by three genera,Cyclopes,TamanduaandMyrmecophaga, with a size range from 0.25 kg to about 30 kg, and their fossil record is scarce and fragmentary. The dependence of the body size on phylogenetic pattern of Pilosa is analysed here, according to current cladistic hypotheses. Orthonormal decomposition analysis and Abouheif C-mean were performed. Statistics were significantly different from the null-hypothesis, supporting the hypothesis that body size variation correlates with the phylogenetic pattern. Most of the correlation is concentrated within Vermilingua, and less within Mylodontidae, Megatheriidae, Nothrotheriidae and Megalonychidae. Influence of basal metabolic rate (BMR), dietary habits and substrate preference is discussed. In anteaters, specialised insectivory is proposed as the primary constraint on body size evolution. In the case of sloths, mylodontids, megatheriids and nothrotheriids show increasing body size through time; whereas megalonychids retain a wider diversity of sizes. Interplay between BMR and dietary habits appears to be the main factor in shaping evolution of sloth body size.
Mandible morphology and diet of the South American extinct metatherian predators (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta)
Authors: Echarri Sebastian , Ercoli Marcos D. , Amelia Chemisquy M. , Turazzini Guillermo , Prevosti Francisco J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTSparassodonta is a diverse group of extinct metatherian predators that include forms with diets ranging from omnivores to hypercarnivores, including potential bone-crushers and sabre-tooth specialised species. Most of the previous dietary studies on the group were based on qualitative approaches or dental morphometric indexes and/or bite force estimations. In this study, we explore the evolution of mandible shape and diet of Sparassodonta in a comparative phylogenetic framework, using geometric morphometric tools and allometric and discriminant analyses. We analysed the mandible shape of 142 extant species of marsupials and placental carnivores, and 15 fossil sparassodont species. We found that the relationship between shape and size of the mandible is strongly structured by phylogeny, where the more derived borhyaenoids tend to possess stronger and larger mandibles. Derived borhyaenoid sparassodonts and basal borhyaenoids were classified as hypercarnivores (with short and robust mandibular body). Hathliacynid were classified as mesocarnivores or as hypercarnivores, but with lower probabilities and less specialised morphologies (with a long and slender mandible). Although dental morphology suggests that most of the species of Sparassodonta would have been hypercarnivores, the robustness of the mandible seems to be informative regarding the prey size and degree of specialisation. The relationship between mandibular size and shape, and talonid/trigonid relative size, is strongly influenced by the phylogenetic legacy, suggesting that ecological factors could have influenced the evolution of the sparassodonts.
Hind limb morphometry of terror birds (Aves, Cariamiformes, Phorusrhacidae): functional implications for substrate preferences and locomotor lifestyle
Authors: Degrange Federico J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe hind limbs of birds have long been considered a key feature in the conquest of different environments. However, the high level of morphological diversity encountered complicates the foundation of a good theoretical correlation between morphology, locomotor habits and substrate preference and this, in turn, complicates palaeobiological interpretations. Phorusrhacids (Aves, Cariamiformes) are a good example, since they have been unequivocally categorised as terrestrial birds due to their reduced forelimbs; and as apex predators with the ability to pursue prey based only on their hind limb morphology. Multivariate techniques (PCA and discriminant analysis), based on traditional metrics and geomorphometrics of the hind limb and pelvis, were applied in order to explore terrestriality and cursoriality in phorusrhacids. Although several groups of birds could be identified, when looking solely at hind limb metrics, some phorusrhacids appear to be associated with walking birds, while others are associated with cursorial birds. However, the pelvis separates cursorial birds and phorusrhacids from walking and wading birds. This scenario is complicated further by a lack of clear definition of the different locomotor modes and substrate preferences in extant birds, and this makes it difficult to confirm phorusrhacid cursoriality based solely on morphometrics. However, some qualitative features of the pelvis and foot make the picture a little clearer. To study limb adaptations in fossil birds, a more holistic study, with an emphasis on qualitative features of the whole posterior locomotor module, is necessary, since morphometrics leaves some issues unresolved. A comparison with the wings is also needed, in order to make a more complete analysis of locomotor behaviour.