bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latitude, temperature, and habitat complexity predict predation pressure in eelgrass beds across the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Reynolds Pamela L. , Stachowicz John J. , Hovel Kevin , Boström Christoffer , Boyer Katharyn , Cusson Mathieu , Eklöf Johan S. , Engel Friederike G. , Engelen Aschwin H. , Eriksson Britas Klemens , Fodrie F. Joel , Griffin John N. , Hereu Clara M. , Hori Masakazu , Hanley Torrance C. , Ivanov Mikhail , Jorgensen Pablo , Kruschel Claudia , Lee Kun‐Seop , McGlathery Karen , Moksnes Per‐Olav , Nakaoka Masahiro , O'Connor Mary I. , O'Connor Nessa E. , Orth Robert J. , Rossi Francesca , Ruesink Jennifer , Sotka Erik E. , Thormar Jonas , Tomas Fiona , Unsworth Richard K. F. , Whalen Matthew A. , Duffy J. Emmett 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLatitudinal gradients in species interactions are widely cited as potential causes or consequences of global patterns of biodiversity. However, mechanistic studies documenting changes in interactions across broad geographic ranges are limited. We surveyed predation intensity on common prey (live amphipods and gastropods) in communities of eelgrass (Zostera marina) at 48 sites across its Northern Hemisphere range, encompassing over 37° of latitude and four continental coastlines. Predation on amphipods declined with latitude on all coasts but declined more strongly along western ocean margins where temperature gradients are steeper. Whereas in situ water temperature at the time of the experiments was uncorrelated with predation, mean annual temperature strongly positively predicted predation, suggesting a more complex mechanism than simply increased metabolic activity at the time of predation. This large‐scale biogeographic pattern was modified by local habitat characteristics; predation declined with higher shoot density both among and within sites. Predation rates on gastropods, by contrast, were uniformly low and varied little among sites. The high replication and geographic extent of our study not only provides additional evidence to support biogeographic variation in predation intensity, but also insight into the mechanisms that relate temperature and biogeographic gradients in species interactions.
Aetiology, timing and clinical predictors of early vs. late readmission following index hospitalization for acute heart failure: insights from ASCEND‐HF
Authors: Fudim Marat , O'Connor Christopher M. , Dunning Allison , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Armstrong Paul W. , Coles Adrian , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Greene Stephen J. , Metra Marco , Starling Randall C. , Voors Adriaan A. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Michael Felker G. , Mentz Robert J. 
Published: October 2017

AimsPatients hospitalized for heart failure (HF) are at high risk for 30‐day readmission. This study sought to examine the timings and causes of readmission within 30 days of an HF hospitalization.Methods and resultsTiming and cause of readmission in the ASCEND‐HF (Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide and Decompensated Heart Failure) trial were assessed. Early and late readmissions were defined as admissions occurring within 0–7 days and 8–30 days post‐discharge, respectively. Patients who died in hospital or remained hospitalized at day 30 post‐randomization were excluded. Patients were compared by timing and cause of readmission. Logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for early vs. late readmission and associations with 180‐day outcomes. Of the 6584 patients (92%) in the ASCEND‐HF population included in this analysis, 751 patients (11%) were readmitted within 30 days for any cause. Overall, 54% of readmissions were for non‐HF causes. The median time to rehospitalization was 11 days (interquartile range: 6–18 days) and 33% of rehospitalizations occurred by day 7. Rehospitalization within 30 days was independently associated with increased risk for 180‐day all‐cause death [hazard ratio (HR) 2.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.93–2.94; P < 0.001]. Risk for 180‐day all‐cause death did not differ according to early vs. late readmission (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.67–1.45; P = 0.94).ConclusionsIn this hospitalized HF trial population, a significant majority of 30‐day readmissions were for non‐HF causes and one‐third of readmissions occurred in the first 7 days. Early and late readmissions within the 30‐day timeframe were associated with similarly increased risk for death. Continued efforts to optimize multidisciplinary transitional care are warranted to improve rates of early readmission.
The effect of changes in pain expectations on persistent pain following a road traffic crash
Authors: Edmed S.L. , Moss K.M. , Warren J. , Kenardy J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundRecovery expectations can influence outcomes after injury, but little is known about the course of expectations over time or factors predicting changes in expectations. This study aimed to describe how expectations of persistent pain change over time following a non‐catastrophic injury sustained in a road traffic crash (RTC); identify the early predictors of change in expectations over time; and examine whether change in expectations predicted pain at 24 months post‐RTC.MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐seven participants (Mage = 49.25; SD = 14.15; 66.1% female) reported their expectations of persistent pain (1 = no risk that pain will become persistent, 10 = highest risk) at approximately 6, 12 and 24 months post‐injury via survey. Measures of pain, emotional distress, post‐traumatic stress, fear avoidance beliefs, social support and quality of life were also measured via survey at each time point.ResultsCluster analysis revealed four clusters: 42% of participants showed a pattern of stable expectations (stable high‐risk, n = 74), whereas 58% of participants showed changes in expectations over time (decreasing risk, n = 31; increasing risk, n = 44; risk peaking at 12 months, n = 28). Hierarchical linear regression models demonstrated that the clusters were a better statistical predictor of pain at 24 months than a single measure of expectation taken at 6 months post‐injury. Pain, anxiety, depression and physical health‐related quality of life at 6 months were associated with cluster affiliation.ConclusionsAssessment of patterns of pain expectancy change is a superior means of determining long‐term pain levels. Understanding expectancy change patterns will help provide more nuanced targets for pain intervention.SignificanceThis study extends previous work by investigating persistent pain expectancies over time in a compensation‐seeking cohort with non‐catastrophic injuries. It identifies factors that are associated with changing expectations, providing targets for clinical intervention. The study shows that expectations can change over time. Conversations with patients about their expectations should be ongoing.
Evaluation of phenolic composition and antioxidant activity changes in olive flowers during development using HPLC/DAD and LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Rekik Ons , Ben Mansour Amir , Bouaziz Mohamed 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOlive fruit and leaves have been extensively studied for their chemical compositions and biological activities. However, less attention has been given to its flowers. The present research was achieved on Tunisian olive flowers. It aimed at studying the effects of flower development on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The extracts were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) and coupled to mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The HPLC/DAD analysis indicated that oleuropein aglycon (from 1.158 to 3.746 g/kg), followed by hydroxytyrosol (from 0.168 to 1.581 g/kg) and oleoside (from 0.143 to 1.325 g/kg) were the predominant phenolics in olive flowers extracts during development stages. Twenty compounds have been identified, revealing the complex profile of olive flowers, composed, in order of abundance, by secoiridoids, phenolic alcohols, lignans, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Total phenolic contents increased from 2.455 to 8.541 g/kg Gallic acid equivalent per kg of fresh flowers during all steps of the flower development. A correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents was determined.
Effect of vehicle bridge interaction on seismic response and fragility of bridges
Authors: Kameshwar Sabarethinam , Padgett Jamie E. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThis study focuses on understanding and evaluating the effect of vehicle bridge interaction (VBI) on the response and fragility of bridges subjected to earthquakes. A comprehensive study on the effect of VBI on bridge seismic performance is conducted, providing metamodels for seismic response and fragility estimates for bridges in the presence of various types of vehicles. For this purpose, the performance of multispan simply supported concrete girder bridges with varying design and geometric parameters is assessed with 3 different types of stationary trucks placed atop them. To delineate the effects of VBI and additional truck mass, the trucks are modeled in 2 different ways—with additional masses and suspension springs (ie, with VBI) and using additional masses only (without VBI). The results provide insight on VBI effects, such as the fact that when bridge and vehicle mode shapes are in‐phase, the component responses increase and vice versa; additionally, the presence of a heavy axle near a bent increases component responses. Sensitivity analyses are also performed to determine the bridge parameters that significantly alter the component responses in the presence of vehicles. Furthermore, differences in component responses and fragilities highlight that modeling vehicles with additional masses alone is not sufficient to model the effect of truck presence on the seismic response of bridges. Finally, this study concludes that depending on the characteristics of the bridge and the vehicle, presence of a vehicle atop the bridge during an earthquake may be either beneficial or detrimental to bridge performance.
Routine quantification of 54 allergens in fragrances using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐quadrupole mass spectrometry with dual parallel secondary columns. Part I: Method development
Authors: Belhassen Emilie , Bressanello Davide , Merle Philippe , Raynaud Elsa , Bicchi Carlo , Chaintreau Alain , Cordero Chiara 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe forthcoming extension of the regulated fragrance allergen number is raising a challenge: the previously developed quantification methods need to be drastically improved in terms of rapidity, without altering their reliability. This work describes a procedure based on comprehensive bidimensional gas chromatography, hyphenated with a low‐cost quadrupole mass spectrometer (GCxGC‐QMS). The second chromatographic dimension was operated in a dual configuration, consisting of two parallel secondary columns, one being connected to the QMS, the other to a flame ionization detector (FID). This not only allowed optimization of the chromatographic gas flows when compared to the usual single second dimension, but it also enabled the use of the FID signal to extend the quantification range from 2 to 10,000 mg/kg. The QMS was used at a low level (2‐100 mg/kg), where coelutions are frequent, and the FID was used for the most abundant analytes (100‐10,000 mg/kg) with a low risk of significant interferences. To assess the identity and purity of the analyte peak at low level, we propose a strategy and summarize it in a decisional tree. To our knowledge, this represents the first fully developed quantification method based on a GCx2GC‐QMS/FID system. In contrast to other methods, it enables the quantification of a wide variety of analytes in fragrances in a single run, without requiring a series of sample dilutions to match the calibration range.
Testing for the indirect effect under the null for genome‐wide mediation analyses
Authors: Barfield Richard , Shen Jincheng , Just Allan C. , Vokonas Pantel S. , Schwartz Joel , Baccarelli Andrea A. , VanderWeele Tyler J. , Lin Xihong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMediation analysis helps researchers assess whether part or all of an exposure's effect on an outcome is due to an intermediate variable. The indirect effect can help in designing interventions on the mediator as opposed to the exposure and better understanding the outcome's mechanisms. Mediation analysis has seen increased use in genome‐wide epidemiological studies to test for an exposure of interest being mediated through a genomic measure such as gene expression or DNA methylation (DNAm). Testing for the indirect effect is challenged by the fact that the null hypothesis is composite. We examined the performance of commonly used mediation testing methods for the indirect effect in genome‐wide mediation studies. When there is no association between the exposure and the mediator and no association between the mediator and the outcome, we show that these common tests are overly conservative. This is a case that will arise frequently in genome‐wide mediation studies. Caution is hence needed when applying the commonly used mediation tests in genome‐wide mediation studies. We evaluated the performance of these methods using simulation studies, and performed an epigenome‐wide mediation association study in the Normative Aging Study, analyzing DNAm as a mediator of the effect of pack‐years on FEV1.
Carbonation kinetics of fly‐ash‐modified calcium‐based sorbents for CO2 capture
Authors: Chen Huichao , Wang Fang , Zhao Changsui , Duan Lunbo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCalcium looping technology is one of the most promising technologies for CO2 capture. Nevertheless, one of the major problems for this technology is the rapid decay in CO2 capture performance of calcium‐based sorbents during the calcination/carbonation cycles. It is essential to improve the sorbents’ CO2 capture capacity and maintain their long‐term performance during the cycles, especially in a cost‐effective and environmentally benign method for further development of the technology. Calcium‐based sorbents modified with fly ash present great potential for enhancing CO2 capture capacity. Carbonation kinetics of the modified sorbents, an important factor for CO2 capture system design, is critical for exploring its application. The carbonation rate of the modified sorbents has been investigated and the main parameters such as activation energy and pre‐exponential factor have been calculated. Logistic and Avrami fractional kinetics models show better fitting regression, as indicated with a high regression coefficient R2 of 0.987–0.999. The models well describe the CO2 carbonation kinetics behavior of the modified sorbents, since they have considered the multi‐step reaction mechanisms including film diffusion, intra‐particle diffusion, and the interaction with active sites, and have an acceptable average relative error between calculated and experimental data, for example 0.618–6.39% and 4.24–5.39% for the modified sorbents at chemical‐controlled reaction and diffusion‐controlled reaction, respectively. Activation energy and pre‐exponential factor at chemical‐controlled reaction are E1 = 15.019 kJ/mol, k01 = 5.940 mol/(m2s) and E2 = 12.252 kJ/mol, k02 = 3.195 mol/(m2s) for modified sorbents CaO/FA Hyd (50%AC) and CaO/PFA(cal)Hyd, respectively. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bench‐Stable Electrophilic Indole and Pyrrole Reagents: Serendipitous Discovery and Use in C–H Functionalization
Authors: Caramenti Paola , Waser Jerome 
Published: October 2017

The development of reagents allowing the reversal of the standard reactivity (Umpolung) of small building blocks is an important field of research in chemistry, as it allows increasing the flexibility of organic synthesis. Indoles and pyrroles are ubiquitous heterocycles in natural products and drugs. They are usually functionalized making use of their high nucleophilicity. In contrast, only few methods are based on the use of electrophilic indole and pyrrole synthons, as the needed reagents are highly unstable or can be used only with a very narrow scope. Herein, we report the serendipitous discovery and first use in the C–H functionalization of arenes of IndoleBX and PyrroleBX, new thermally highly stable benziodoxol(on)e hypervalent iodine reagents. IndoleBX and PyrroleBX could be obtained in one step from the corresponding heterocycles and acetoxy benziodoxolone using a Lewis acid catalyst. The mild reactions conditions allowed the introduction of a broad range of functional groups, including ethers, halogens and boronic esters. The new reagents could then be used in the rhodium‐ and ruthenium‐catalyzed C–H heteroarylation of arene rings bearing heterocyclic or benzamide directing groups. Such transformations could not be realized using previously reported C–H functionalization procedures.
Relapse in stage I(E) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Nijland Marcel , Boslooper Karin , van Imhoff Gustaaf , Kibbelaar Robbie , Joosten Peter , Storm Huib , van Roon Eric N. , Diepstra Arjan , Kluin‐Nelemans Hanneke C. , Hoogendoorn Mels 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDespite a general favourable outcome in limited stage diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), relapses occur in about 10 to 20% of patients. Prognostic models only partially identify patients at risk for relapse. Moreover, it is not known whether the outcome after such a relapse is similar to the outcome after relapse in advanced stages. From January 2004 through December 2012, all newly diagnosed patients with stage I(E) DLBCL were retrospectively analysed from 2 clinical databases to investigate the relapse pattern and outcome in relation to initial treatment and clinical characteristics. In 126 patients (median age 64 years), histologically confirmed stage I(E) DLBCL was diagnosed. With a median follow‐up of 53 months (range 5‐132 months), 1 progressive disease and 18 relapses occurred. The 5‐year time to tumour progression and disease‐specific survival were 85% (95% CI 79‐91%) and 92% (95% CI 87%‐97%), respectively. We observed no significant difference in relapse localization, time to tumour progression, and disease‐specific survival between patients treated with abbreviated R‐CHOP plus involved field radiotherapy or with 6 to 8 cycles of R‐CHOP. Analysis of relapses showed relapse >5 years after initial treatment (late relapse) in 5 of 19 patients (26%). Six of 19 patients (32%) had central nervous system relapse. Three of 11 relapsed cases available for analysis (28%) showed an MYC translocation, suggesting an overrepresentation in the relapse group. Outcome of patients with a relapse was poor with a median survival after relapse of 8 months. Only 1 patient (5%) underwent successful autologous stem cell transplantation. To improve outcome in these patients, early identification of new biological factors such as a MYC translocation or a high risk for CNS dissemination might be helpful. Moreover, treatment of any relapse after stage I disease should be taken seriously. Salvage treatment should be similar to relapses after advanced DLBCL.
Innate immunity protein Tag7 (PGRP‐S) activates lymphocytes capable of Fasl–Fas‐dependent contact killing of virus‐infected cells
Authors: Sharapova Tatiana N. , Ivanova Olga K. , Prasolov Vladimir S. , Romanova Elena A. , Sashchenko Lidia P. , Yashin Denis V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe innate immunity protein Tag7 (PGRP‐S, PGLYRP1) is involved in antimicrobial and antitumor defense. As shown in our previous studies, Tag7 specifically interacts with the major heat shock protein Hsp70 to form a stable Tag7–Hsp70 complex with cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. A stable complex of Tag7 with the calcium‐binding protein Mts1 (S100A4) stimulates migration of lymphocytes. Moreover, Tag7 can activate cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize and kill HLA‐negative tumor cells. Here, we have shown that Tag 7 treatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) results in activation of different cytotoxic lymphocyte populations—natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+NKG2D+ T lymphocytes—that kill Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) infected SC‐1 cells using different mechanisms of cell death induction. This mechanism in NK cells is based on the release of granzymes, which activate apoptosis in target cells, while CD8+NKG2D+ T lymphocytes recognize the noncanonical MicA antigen on the surface of virus‐containing cells and kill them via the FasL–Fas interaction, triggering the apoptotic or necroptotic cell death pathway. Preliminary incubation of PBMCs with virus‐infected cells and following incubation with Tag7 results in activation of lymphocytes with a different phenotype. These lymphocytes change the spectrum of target cells and the mechanism of cell death induction, and their interaction with target cells is not species‐specific. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(12):971–977, 2017
Those Who Know and Are Known: Students Using Ethnography to Interrogate Language and Literacy Ideologies
Authors: LeBlanc Robert Jean 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFraming ethnography as a form of democratic inquiry, this study examines how the author worked with a group of Mexican and Vietnamese American adolescents to learn and apply ethnographic tools to interrogate language and literacy ideologies in their school and community. Examination of the students’ findings reveals circulating ideologies and narratives of English monolingualism in schools, as well as their own complex literacy repertoires that worked against Standard English deficit models. This study demonstrates the democratic potential of welcoming diverse students into their own ethnographic research for literacy learning. The study equally provides insights for teachers and researchers into the mundane ways that literacy and language ideologies are produced schools and how students work to resist these through their own practices.
Intake of Milk or Fermented Milk Combined With Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Relation to Hip Fracture Rates: A Cohort Study of Swedish Women
Authors: Michaëlsson Karl , Wolk Alicja , Lemming Eva Warensjö , Melhus Håkan , Byberg Liisa 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Milk products may differ in pro-oxidant properties and their effects on fracture risk could potentially be modified by the intake of foods with antioxidant activity. In the population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort study, we aimed to determine how milk and fermented milk combined with fruit and vegetable consumption are associated with hip fracture. Women born in 1914–1948 (n = 61,240) answered food frequency and lifestyle questionnaires in 1987–1990 and 38,071 women contributed with updated information in 1997. During a mean follow-up of 22 years, 5827 women had a hip fracture (ascertained via official register data). Compared with a low intake of milk (&lt;1 glass/day) and a high intake of fruits and vegetables (≥5 servings/day), a high intake of milk (≥3 glasses/day) with a concomitant low intake of fruits and vegetables (&lt;2 servings/day) resulted in a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.49 (95% CI, 2.03 to 3.05). This higher hip fracture rate among high consumers of milk was only modestly attenuated with a concomitant high consumption of fruit and vegetables (HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.69 to 2.71). The combination of fruits and vegetables with fermented milk (yogurt or soured milk) yielded a different pattern with lowest rates of hip fracture in high consumers: HR, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.97) for ≥2 servings/day of fermented milk and ≥5 servings/day of fruits and vegetables compared with low consumption of both fruit and vegetables and fermented milk. We conclude that the amount and type of dairy products as well as fruit and vegetable intake are differentially associated with hip fracture rates in women. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.