bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of transformer architectures in generative video modeling for neurosurgical education
Authors: Lawson McLean Aaron , Gutiérrez Pineda Felipe 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This article explores the potential impact of OpenAI’s Sora, a generative video modeling technology, on neurosurgical training. It evaluates how such technology could revolutionize the field by providing realistic surgical simulations, thereby enhancing the learning experience and proficiency in complex procedures for neurosurgical trainees.

Methods
The study examines the incorporation of this technology into neurosurgical education by leveraging transformer architecture and processing of video and image data. It involves compiling a neurosurgical procedure dataset for model training, aiming to create accurate, high-fidelity simulations.

Results
Our findings indicate significant potential applications in neurosurgical training, including immersive simulations for skill development and exposure to diverse surgical scenarios. The technology also promises to transform assessment and feedback, introducing a standardized, objective way to measure and improve trainee competencies.

Conclusion
Integrating generative video modeling technology into neurosurgical education marks a progressive step toward enhancing training methodologies. Despite challenges in technical, ethical, and practical domains, continuous development and evaluation could lead to substantial advancements in surgical education, preparing neurosurgeons more effectively for their demanding roles.
Associations of sleep parameters with psychopathology and treatment success in patients with borderline personality disorder after dialectical behavior therapy
Authors: Lechinger Julia , Hollandt Jonathan , Albuschat Katrin , Geremek Nicole , Weinhold Sara Lena , Drews Henning , Nilsson Annika , Deutschmann Claudia , Göder Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often suffer from sleep problems, which interact with BPD-specific symptoms and influence prognosis. The present study investigated the relationships between BPD symptoms, the outcome of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and sleep quality and sleep architecture as assessed by polysomnography.

Materials and methods
Seventeen patients diagnosed with BPD participated in an 8‑week semi-residential DBT program. At the beginning of the program, two nights of polysomnography were conducted in the sleep laboratory. Depressive symptoms, BPD-specific symptoms, and subjective sleep quality were assessed via questionnaires at the beginning and end of the treatment program as well as after 6 months.

Results
The DBT program successfully decreased depressive and BPD-specific symptoms and increased subjective sleep quality. Patients with the strongest symptoms benefitted more from the treatment. Stronger BPD-specific symptoms were associated with less rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. At the 6‑month follow-up, only depression was still reduced, while BPD-specific symptoms and sleep quality had again worsened. Better subjective sleep quality was associated with a stronger reduction in BSL scores at 6‑month follow-up.

Conclusion
The DBT program was initially effective. The positive outcome was, however, not permanent, stressing the importance of subsequent disorder-specific outpatient programs. Furthermore, REM sleep might to some extent protect against emotional distress in BDP, and subjective sleep quality was positively correlated with follow-up treatment outcome.
Receiving and Providing Gay Generativity: The Mediating Role of Identity Affirmation
Authors: Busch Holger , Kranz Dirk 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present study examines generativity in a sample of gay men. Specifically, it tests if received gay generativity relates to provided gay generativity through positive and/or negative gay identity, respectively. A sample of 260 German gay men with a mean age of 49 years completed measures of received and provided gay generativity as well as gay identity affirmation and internalized homonegativity (i.e., crucial aspects of positive and negative gay identity, respectively). Preliminary analyses yielded support for the validity of the newly constructed measures of received and provided gay generativity in that they correlated with general generativity and life satisfaction as expected. A parallel mediation analysis confirmed an indirect effect of received generativity on provided generativity through increased gay identity affirmation but not through decreased internalized homonegativity. Results indicate that having benefitted from someone else’s generativity facilitates positive gay identity formation, which itself is a motor of gay men’s own generativity. As a social-policy implication, the study suggests that it is advisable to create contexts in which gay generativity is possible, for example, gay community centers.
Research environments vis-à-vis biological environments: ontological parallels, epistemic parallax, and metaphilosophical parallelization
Authors: Fábregas-Tejeda Alejandro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn a recent development of what may be called biological philosophy of science, scholars have proposed that aligning notions of research environments with biological concepts of environment holds great promise for understanding the socio-material contexts in and through which science happens. Here, I explore the prospects and potential shortcomings of building sound research environment concepts by contrasting them with biological environment concepts. In doing so, I emphasize the importance of adhering to two central desiderata: the need to clarify what is being environed (i.e., what the counter relatum of an environment is) and what is doing the environing (i.e., what type of environmental partition is instantiated). Subsequently, I juxtapose two biological construals of environment—organismal environments and population environments—with possible articulations of what ‘research environments’ might stand for, and I maintain that each presents distinct epistemic upshots and limitations. More generally, I argue that there are two broad relations that could exist between biological and research environments: ontological parallels and ontic discordance. Finally, employing the visual metaphor of epistemic parallax, I conclude by conveying some lessons and cautionary notes arising from these comparisons and the importation of biological environment concepts into philosophy of science. While environment concepts may come with epistemic purchase, we should be careful when ontologizing them.
“Differentiation is Sometimes a Hit and Miss”. Educator Perceptions of Differentiated Instruction in the Higher Education Sector
Authors: Subban Pearl , Suprayogi Muhamad Nanang , Preston Melly , Liyani Annisa Nanda , Ratri Andrea Prita Purnama 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDifferentiated instruction is an effective means of addressing student diversity, and is increasingly being adopted by educators within the higher education sector. However, the global pandemic and changes to content delivery have altered the educational landscape. Hybridised delivery has resulted in the need for more innovative and contemporary means of accommodating student diversity, to suit both in-situ and remote learning platforms. Additionally, increasing student diversity in higher education has prompted a rethinking of how to accommodate student variance. This qualitative study sought to gauge the views of four educators, who were faced with hybridisation of content delivery during the global pandemic. Led by an overarching objective of ascertaining educator perceptions, responses and attitudes toward differentiated instruction, the study utilised four in-depth case studies to reflect on the implementation of differentiated instruction in the higher education sector. Results from this qualitative analysis yielded the view that time constraints, the coverage of prescribed content and increasing student diversity continue to act as barriers to authentic differentiation. While all showcased educators embraced the underlying philosophy of differentiating instruction to suit student needs, many were hampered by administrative duties which compromised their time and effort with regard to differentiation.
Growing up with Radicalized Parents: The Experiences of Dutch Children of NSB and SS members During and After World War II
Authors: van der Molen Mattie , Jansen Brenda , Doosje Bertjan , Brake Hans te , van Doorn Conny , van der Zee Marjan , van Emmerik Arnold 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of Dutch children whose parents joined the SS or NSB (a political party that collaborated with Nazi Germany) during World War II, linked to their childhood, adulthood or both. As a secondary aim, it explored the recommendations of these –now elderly- children of NSB and SS members for the (re)integration of minor returnees from the caliphate, who also grew up in a war situation with radicalized parents and have to deal with considerable prejudice and different norms and values upon their (re)integration into Dutch society. The first three research questions are related to the primary aim of this study and focus on 1) the participants' experiences throughout childhood and adulthood, 2) the implications of these experiences for their well-being throughout childhood and adulthood, and 3) their coping responses in response to these experiences throughout childhood and adulthood. The fourth research question is related to the secondary aim of this study and concerns 4) participants' recommendations for the succesful (re)integration of current minor returnees. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 Dutch -now elderly- children of NSB or SS members during World War II. Interview questions were based on recurring topics in the literature, a codebook was generated, and the verbatim transcribed interviews were scored using Atlas.ti 8. Frequently reported codes are described and discussed in relation to each other. Participants reported social exclusion, being separated from their parents, and family secrecy as frequent experiences, which had severe implications for their identity development, self-esteem, and family relationships. Their coping responses included reappraisal, active (e.g., searching information) and avoidant (e.g., merel socially desirable) coping behaviour. Participants’ main recommendations for minor returnees from the caliphate included transparency within families about the past, a focus on social (re)integration, and respecting minor returnees’ loyalty to their parents. The participants' childhood experiences had serious effects on their well-being, starting in childhood and often lasting well into adulthood. Many participants sought professional support throughout their lives, but eventually found recognition only after sharing their experiences in a self-help group for Dutch children of NSB and SS members. We conclude that the insights gained from participants’experiences and their recommendations for the (re)integration of minor returnees are valuable, especially since there is still little research available on the development and experiences of minor returnees.
Impact of synthetic method and metal type on the efficiency of metal-based nanoparticles against pathogens and chemical pollutants
Authors: Karume Ibrahim , Kigozi Moses , Nabatanzi Alice , Nsamba Hussein K. , Adia Madina M. , Bbumba Simon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetal-based nanoparticles offer a one-pot solution for pollution mitigation due to the wide range of pollutants removed using multiple mechanisms such as catalytic oxidation, reduction, photothermal degradation/transformation and magnetic adsorption. Herein, we give an insight into the effect of key factors such as synthetic method, electronic properties of metals and nature of the pollutants and their dispersion media, on the efficiency of metal-based nanoparticles in pollution mitigation. Silver nanoparticles are mostly biosynthesized and applied in the removal of pathogenic bacteria, where the removal efficiency is enhanced by the closeness in the chemical resemblance between the biological corona of extracts used in the synthesis of the nanoparticles and that of the bacteria colony biofilm or cell membrane/wall makeup. On the other hand, chemical and physical methods are used to synthesize most transition metal-based nanoparticles for versatile applications in curbing various biological and chemical pollutants. In general, pollutant removal efficiency increases with an increase in the concentration of the metal nanoparticles and the use of multiple metals, the availability of ligand hetero atoms and the stability of products formed by the degradation or transformation of chemical pollutants.
RADIAL ASYMPTOTICS OF GENERATING FUNCTIONS OF k-REGULAR SEQUENCES
Authors: COONS MICHAEL , LIND JOHN 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe give a new proof of a theorem of Bell and Coons [‘Transcendence tests for Mahler functions’, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.145(3) (2017), 1061–1070] on the leading order radial asymptotics of Mahler functions that are the generating functions of regular sequences. Our method allows us to provide a description of the oscillations whose existence was shown by Bell and Coons. This extends very recent results of Poulet and Rivoal [‘Radial behavior of Mahler functions’, Int. J. Number Theory, to appear].
EXTREMAL GRAPHS FOR DEGREE SUMS AND DOMINATING CYCLES
Authors: CHEN LU , WU YUEYU 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A cycle C of a graph G is dominating if

$V(C)$

is a dominating set and

$V(G)\backslash V(C)$

is an independent set. Wu et al. [‘Degree sums and dominating cycles’, Discrete Mathematics344 (2021), Article no. 112224] proved that every longest cycle of a k-connected graph G on

$n\geq 3$

vertices with

$k\geq 2$

is dominating if the degree sum is more than

$(k+1)(n+1)/3$

for any

$k+1$

pairwise nonadjacent vertices. They also showed that this bound is sharp. In this paper, we show that the extremal graphs G for this condition satisfy

$(n-2)/3K_1\vee (n+1)/3K_2 \subseteq G \subseteq K_{(n-2)/3}\vee (n+1)/3K_2$

or

$2K_1\vee 3K_{(n-2)/3}\subseteq G \subseteq K_2\vee 3K_{(n-2)/3}.$
ON A CONJECTURE ON SHIFTED PRIMES WITH LARGE PRIME FACTORS, II
Authors: DING YUCHEN 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLet
$\mathcal {P}$
be the set of primes and
$\pi (x)$
the number of primes not exceeding x. Let
$P^+(n)$
be the largest prime factor of n, with the convention
$P^+(1)=1$
, and
$ T_c(x)=\#\{p\le x:p\in \mathcal {P},P^+(p-1)\ge p^c\}. $
Motivated by a conjecture of Chen and Chen [‘On the largest prime factor of shifted primes’, Acta Math. Sin. (Engl. Ser.)33 (2017), 377–382], we show that for any c with
$8/9\le c<1$
,
$$ \begin{align*} \limsup_{x\rightarrow\infty}T_c(x)/\pi(x)\le 8(1/c-1), \end{align*} $$
which clearly means that
$$ \begin{align*} \limsup_{x\rightarrow\infty}T_c(x)/\pi(x)\rightarrow 0 \quad \text{as } c\rightarrow 1. \end{align*} $$
‘In Me You Have Peace'
Authors: Aquinas St Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Our Lord unfolds to his disciples the hidden depths of his teaching, and by these words shows how important and helpful it will be to them.The value of his teaching lies in the peace that it brings to man. In this context, it is as if our Lord were saying: I know well that very soon you will all leave me; but I know that if you really understand my doctrine you will not harden your hearts in desertion. The reason for every thing I have spoken about in my sermon, all that I have taught you throughout the Gospel, is this: that if you do return to me In me you may have peace. For the whole purpose of the Gospel is that we should find peace in Christ alone. ‘Much peace have they that love thy law’ (Ps. 118, 165).
To The Heights Of Freedom
Authors: Pepler Conrad 
Published: September 2024

Three books have emerged from France-one already courageously translated into English, the second in process of translation, and the third inviting such a process-which between them mark the path of man from the depths of automatism to the heights of freedom.1 The flash title of the Etudes Carmélitaines—'du Robot au Martyr'— gives a fair indication of the theme treated in diverse ways by all the many contributors to the three volumes.We live in a Robot age in so many directions that the modern moralist is confronted with a vast set of problems of conditioned, mechanical human actions with which he has hardly begun to grapple. How is he to judge of the culpability or the praiseworthiness of actions that are largely conditioned by interior, psychological or external, social compulsion? The widespread, unnatural and solitary vice among the young may be judged objectively as a serious sin.
A critical examination of safety culture in the superyacht industry
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Chen Qiong , Macdonald Tobias , Wang Xinjian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Accidents are a prevalent feature of working in the maritime industry. While studies have shown to what extent accidents and fatalities have occurred, the current research has generally been limited to commercial shipping. There is nearly no academic research focusing on the safety issues in the superyacht industry. This paper analyses the importance of promoting safety culture in the superyacht industry, the role of maritime legislation in maintaining safety and the role of Port State Control in ensuring all legislation is implemented. It aims to provide a critical examination of safety culture in the superyacht industry and evaluate the appropriateness for further measures to ensure safe working practices. It found out that while some superyachts do maintain an effective safety system, there remains almost 50% of the investigated fleet that do not promote the desired safety culture. It becomes evident that complacency and poor education contribute to the reduced and limited safety culture. The lack of education and awareness is demonstrated when the study shows individuals believing they maintain good safety practices but still admitting to taking various life-threatening risks.
Why Not Phase Out Animal Experimentation? Considering Objections from Freedom of Inquiry and Cross-Border Displacement
Authors: Müller Nico D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Animal experimentation raises value conflicts between animal protection and other goods, such as freedom of inquiry or health and safety. If governments can phase out the practice by non-prohibitive incentive-setting, the pro tanto moral rationale for doing so is obvious. So why should they not? This article first sketches a fictional scenario in which a government adopts a phase-out plan for animal experimentation. It then considers two moral objections to this plan: First, the plan unduly restricts freedom of inquiry, and second, it merely displaces animal experimentation across borders and thus fails to reduce animal suffering. Both arguments are refined premise by premise to articulate their strongest versions. The two objections can help to narrow down desiderata for good phase-out plans. However, they do not provide a compelling case against phase-out planning as such because they miss its incremental and constructive nature. Unless better arguments can be provided, it appears that government inaction on phasing out animal experimentation lacks moral justification.
Fault Lines in the Rule of Law: Europe’s Present and the Presence of its Past
Authors: Skinner Stephen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article critically examines the significance of the relationship between past and present for understanding liberal democratic values in the European context. The article starts by reflecting on the terms used to evaluate the apparent decline in the rule of law in Europe, including ‘backsliding’. It argues that these terms are indicative of a conceptual framework of analysis that includes a temporal dimension but is only partly historical, demonstrating a presentist focus and a perception of the past as a separate period. The article links this perception with the conceptual construction of the rule of law itself, as well as national and transnational narratives about it, which evoke Europe’s non-democratic past as a definitional point of reference that is distinct from the present. Using examples of the legacies of Europe’s dark legal past, the article highlights the artificial nature of this distinction for a range of systems with differing historical experiences. The article argues that interpreting the past in terms of segmented and sequential temporal periods is conceptually contestable and it draws on the philosophy of history to show how the past can instead be understood to have ‘sedimentary’ layers and to endure over time. Ultimately, the article argues that the relationship between law’s past and law’s present needs to be reconceptualised in terms of metaphorical ‘fault lines’ in the rule of law, to acknowledge the potentially disruptive effects of history and to facilitate a critical reimagining of the rule of law’s theoretical and factual foundations.
The Role of Judicial Associations in Resisting Rule of Law Backsliding: Hidden Pathways of Protecting Judicial Independence Amidst Rule of Law Decay
Authors: Gyöngyi Petra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBoth Hungary and Poland have been in the spotlight regarding their democratic backsliding, with Executives exerting control over supposedly independent pillars of democracy, such as courts or the media. While the concerns about these countries also voiced by leaders of European institutions were similar, the resistance against the systematic erosion of judicial independence comes in different forms. Using comparative longitudinal case study methodology, this article shows that a defining characteristic in the potential, visibility and feasibility of what judges did or could do under the current threats depends on the role judicial associations, understood as representative collegial judicial bodies. More precisely, the format, organisation and operative tools of judicial associations contribute to their influence on prior judicial reforms and their capacity to withstand ongoing efforts in curtailing their independence from political actors. Empirically, the article reviews multiple judicial changes in the 1992–2015 period in both countries and assesses how judicial associations then shaped the divergent responses to recent attempts at limiting judicial independence. The differences in the legal framework, organisation and network reliance explains variance in resistance. Overall, the article broadens the theoretical and empirical framework for studying the role of courts and judges with considerations regarding professional association organisation and co-ordination, as a potential layer of studying judicial resistance.