bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of polymicrogyria‐related epilepsy
Authors: Cossu Massimo , Pelliccia Veronica , Gozzo Francesca , Casaceli Giuseppe , Francione Stefano , Nobili Lino , Mai Roberto , Castana Laura , Sartori Ivana , Cardinale Francesco , Lo Russo Giorgio , Tassi Laura 
Published: October 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe role of resective surgery in the treatment of polymicrogyria (PMG)–related focal epilepsy is uncertain. Our aim was to retrospectively evaluate the seizure outcome in a consecutive series of patients with PMG‐related epilepsy who received, or did not receive, surgical treatment, and to outline the clinical characteristics of patients who underwent surgery.MethodsWe evaluated 64 patients with epilepsy associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–documented PMG. After presurgical evaluation, 32 patients were excluded from surgical treatment and 32 were offered surgery, which was declined by 8 patients. Seizure outcome was assessed in the 40 nonsurgical and 24 surgical patients.ResultsOf 40 nonsurgical patients, 8 (20%) were seizure‐free after a mean follow‐up of 91.7 ± (standard deviation) 59.5 months. None of the eight patients who declined surgical treatment was seizure‐free (mean follow‐up: 74.3 ± 60.6 months). These seizure outcomes differ significantly (p = 0.000005 and p = 0.0003, respectively) from that of the 24 surgical patients, 18 of whom (66.7%) were Engel's class I postoperatively (mean follow‐up: 66.5 ± 54.0 months). Of the eight patients excluded from surgery for seizure control at first visit, two had seizure recurrence at last contact. At last contact, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) had been withdrawn in 6 of 24 surgical and in one of 40 nonsurgical cases (p = 0.0092).SignificanceThe present study indicates that, at least in a subset of adequately selected patients with PMG‐related epilepsy, surgery may provide excellent seizure outcomes. Furthermore, it suggests that surgery is superior to AEDs for achieving seizure freedom in these cases.
Olfactory symptoms reported by migraineurs with and without auras
Authors: Fornazieri Marco Aurélio , Neto Anibal Rodrigues , de Rezende Pinna Fabio , Gobbi Porto Fabio Henrique , de Lima Navarro Paulo , Voegels Richard Louis , Doty Richard L. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveOlfaction‐related symptoms accompany migraine attacks and some, such as osmophobia, may be useful in differentiating migraine from other types of headaches. However, the types and frequencies of olfactory symptoms associated with migraine have not been well characterized. The goal of this study was to better characterize the olfactory symptoms of migraine.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was devised. One hundred and thirteen patients who met the International Classification of Headache Disorders II criteria for migraine were administered a new 65‐item questionnaire specifically focused on olfaction‐related experiences (eg, odor‐related triggers, osmophobia, cacosmia, phantosmia, olfactory hallucinations, olfactory hypersensitivity, and self‐perceived olfactory function). Visual analog scale ratings and frequencies were computed and compared between migraineurs with and without auras using t‐tests and chi‐square analyses.ResultsWhile osmophobia was present in 95.5% of the patients, the prevalence of other olfaction‐related symptoms was much lower (interictal olfactory hypersensitivity [IOH], 14.1%; olfactory hallucinations, 6.2%; phantosmia, 4.4%; cacosmia/euosmia, 2.6%). Migraine was commonly triggered by odors (90.2%), with perfume being the most common trigger (95.1%), followed by cleaning products (81.3%), cigarette smoke (71.5%), and motor vehicle exhaust (70.5%). No significant differences in symptom frequencies were apparent between migraineurs with or without auras (P > .40). Interestingly, patients with IOH reported being less likely to experience osmophobia and odor‐triggered crisis than did those without this symptom (respective percentages: 75% vs. 99% and 69% vs. 94%, P ≤ .002). Osmophobia and odor triggered headache were associated with a mild decrease in self‐reported olfactory acuity.ConclusionOdor‐related disturbances were common symptoms of the 113 migraineurs, with nearly all reporting osmophobia. Perfume odor was the most common trigger for the migraine. The reported symptoms did not differ between patients with and without auras. Patients who experienced IOH appeared to fundamentally differ from those who did not experience IOH in terms of the incidence of osmophobia and odor‐triggered crisis. Subjects who reported experiencing osmophobia and odor‐triggered headache reported having worse olfactory acuity.
Microscopic gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a clinical and molecular study of 13 cases
Authors: Anderson William , O'Sullivan Brendan , Hughes Frances , Swift Claire , Smith Matthew , Deshmukh Nayneeta , Taniere Philippe 
Published: October 2016

AimsRecent literature suggests that clinically silent, microscopic gastrointestinal stromal tumours (micro‐GISTs) are common incidental findings. The aim of this study was to examine the histological, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics of these tumours, which we have defined as measuring ≤20 mm, in order to determine whether the rate and spectrum of mutations are similar to those of clinically symptomatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs).Methods and resultsThirteen micro‐GISTs identified as incidental findings in patients undergoing management of concomitant disease were tested for KIT/PDGFRA mutations. Ten micro‐GISTs (77%) were located in the stomach, two (15%) in the duodenum, and one (8%) in the rectum. The mean tumour size was 9.3 mm (range 2–19 mm). All tumours were well‐circumscribed lesions showing a predominantly spindle‐cell morphology and a very low mitotic rate. Twelve of 13 (92%) tumours carried mutations in either KIT (83%) or PDGFRA (17%), a rate higher than in other published series. A high mutation rate (80%) was also seen in lesions measuring ≤5 mm.ConclusionsOur results suggest that KIT/PDGFRA mutation is a very common early event in GIST development, that tumour size does not reliably predict the presence of mutation, and that one or more subsequent mutations are required for clinical manifestation.
Trait‐driven responses of grassland butterflies to habitat quality and matrix composition in mosaic agricultural landscapes
Authors: van Halder Inge , Thierry Mélanie , Villemey Anne , Ouin Annie , Archaux Frédéric , Barbaro Luc , Balent Gérard , Benot Marie‐Lise 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe relative importance of local‐ and landscape‐scale factors on butterfly diversity can depend on the quality, management intensity and landscape context of habitat patches. This study aims to disentangle these local and landscape effects on taxonomic and functional composition of butterfly communities within mosaic agricultural landscapes.We sampled butterflies in 144 grasslands and 142 linear elements (road verges and herbaceous strips between crops) in three regions in France. We analysed how local and landscape variables affected butterfly species richness, community composition and community‐weighted mean traits.Local habitat variables explained more variation in butterfly richness and community composition than landscape‐scale variables, both in grasslands and linear elements. Floristic composition was the most important predictor of butterfly community composition. In sites with tall vegetation and low biomass removal, butterfly communities were more dominated by species with long larval development, low fecundity and low mobility.Landscape variables were proportionally more influential in linear elements than in grasslands. Increasing landscape heterogeneity, by favouring agricultural mosaics with semi‐natural grasslands and woodlands, appeared to be beneficial for butterflies, especially for specialist species.Agri‐environmental schemes aiming at preserving butterfly diversity should thus primarily provide incentives to conserve or restore grasslands with low management intensity, while promoting at the same time landscape heterogeneity.
Histological lymphovascular invasion is associated with nodal involvement, recurrence, and survival in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Tas Faruk , Erturk Kayhan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundInvasion of the lymphatic or vascular vessels by the primary tumor is considered a sign of aggressive disease that leads to metastases to the regional lymph nodes and to distant sites. Although lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is one of the major characteristics of a primary melanoma tumor, its prognostic significance remains controversial.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the clinical significance of LVI in melanoma patients.MethodsOutcomes in 705 patients with cutaneous melanoma were investigated retrospectively.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 52 years (range: 16–104 years). Of the 705 patients, 624 (88.5%) did not have LVI and 81 (11.5%) patients did. Melanoma patients with LVI more frequently had nodular pathology (P = 0.001), invasion to an advanced Clark level (P = 0.000), greater Breslow thickness (P = 0.000), a high mitotic rate (P = 0.018), ulceration (P = 0.000), neurotropism (P = 0.000), lymph node involvement (P = 0.000), multiple lymph node involvement (P = 0.008), recurrent disease (P = 0.003), and metastatic disease (P = 0.008) than those without LVI. However, LVI was not significantly associated with age, gender, anatomic localization, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, vertical growth phase, a pre‐existing melanocytic nevus, or type of distant metastasis. Lymphovascular invasion was significantly associated with both recurrence‐free (P = 0.000) and overall (P = 0.000) survival. On multivariate analyses, although LVI was not independently associated with RFS (P = 0.134), it retained its significance for overall survival (P = 0.000).ConclusionsLymphovascular invasion has significant prognostic impact on nodal involvement, recurrence, and overall survival in cutaneous melanoma.
Enzyme‐assisted solvent extraction for extraction of blueberry anthocyanins and separation using resin adsorption combined with extraction technologies
Authors: Xu Qing , Zhou Yuanjing , Wu Yuxiang , Jia Qiang , Gao Guilong , Nie Fei 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBlueberry anthocyanins are the major active ingredients of blueberry with a variety of biological activities. The scale extraction and separation of blueberry anthocyanins could contribute to their application in drugs, cosmetics, food additives and so on. In this study, using combined technologies to high‐efficient extraction and separation of blueberry anthocyanins was developed. Under the optimum extraction conditions of first 0.3% cellulose and pectinase with 2:1 (m/m) at 37 °C for 4 h and then 1% citric acid‐acidified 75% (v/v) ethanol at 37 °C for 6 h, as high as 25% extraction rate of blueberry anthocyanins was obtained. By ethyl acetate extraction in triplicate and then D101 resin column chromatography, up to 49.6% purity of blueberry anthocyanins was obtained based on UV–vis analysis. The scale‐up extraction and separation of blueberry anthocyanins were carried out. This method was simple but effective, and easy scalable at industrial purpose.
Mineral composition, antioxidant and cytotoxic biopotentials of wild‐growing Ganoderma species (Serbia): G. lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst vs. G. applanatum (Pers.) Pat.
Authors: Rašeta Milena , Karaman Maja , Jakšić Milena , Šibul Filip , Kebert Marko , Novaković Aleksandra , Popović Mira 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe aim of this work was to analyse mineral composition and chemical profile of two nonedible fungal species: Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma applanatum (Fruška Gora, Serbia) vs. their antioxidant (ABTS and A.E.A.C. assay) and cytotoxic biopotentials (MTT assay on MCF‐7). Both species were analysed for their content of macro‐ and microelements by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while phenolic profile of EtOH and H2O extracts was examined by LC‐MS/MS technique. Both species mostly contained the following ions: K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Mn2+ > Zn2+ > Cu2+ > Cr3+. Among nine phenolic compounds, the highest content of vanillic acid was detected in G. applanatum extracts while protocatechuic acid in EtOH extract and quinic acid in H2O extract were mostly contained in G. lucidum. Ganoderma applanatum EtOH extract showed the best antioxidant activities related to its phenolic and flavonoid content. Further, the best cytotoxic effect after 72 h was observed in this extract as well.
Human rights, human remains: forensic humanitarianism and the human rights of the dead
Authors: Moon Claire 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article has three parts. First, it identifies, defines and characterises a distinctive trend in modern humanitarianism: that of ‘forensic humanitarianism’. Forensic humanitarianism is often deployed in the wake of atrocity to answer two questions: who are the dead, and how were they killed? These questions have been addressed in diverse contexts with the aim of establishing accountability for atrocities and identifying and returning the dead to their families. Examples include the investigation of the crimes of Argentina's junta, the trial for genocide of Guatemala's former President Rios Montt, the return of human remains to families of the dead in the former‐Yugoslavia, and the exhumation of clandestine civil war graves in Spain. Forensic humanitarianism is distinguished by two imperatives that are characteristic of humanitarianism more broadly: adjudicative and ameliorative. These imperatives manifest in the ways in which forensic humanitarianism plays a critical role in justice for atrocity and addresses human suffering. Second, the article historicises the emergence of forensic humanitarianism, showing that it has been shaped by the conjunction of four particular and related histories: humanitarian, legal, political and scientific. Third, and finally, the article asks whether, as a consequence of the practice of forensic humanitarianism, we can argue that the dead, now, can be understood to have human rights.
Improving Quality of Life Outcomes in Supported Accommodation for People with Intellectual Disability: What Makes a Difference?
Authors: Bigby Christine , Beadle‐Brown Julie 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThe quality of life (QOL) of people with intellectual disability living in supported accommodation services is variable, influenced by many possible factors. Various frameworks have attempted to identify these factors without assigning value, direction of influence or relative impact on outcomes.MethodsA realist review of the literature aimed to expose different propositions about variables influencing QOL outcomes and review the strength of supporting evidence for these, to identify their relative influence. Evidence was reviewed for and against each of five clusters.ResultsEvidence was strongest for the presence of staff practices (use of Active Support), front‐line management practice (use of practice leadership), culture (enabling and motivating), human resources policies and practice (that support front‐line leaders and recruitment of staff with the right values), adequate resources, and small, dispersed and homelike settings.ConclusionsThe evidence informs policy and practice but in some clusters remains limited, warranting further research which measures outcomes on all QOL domains.
Antibiotic‐prescribing patterns of South African dental practitioners following tooth extractions
Authors: Lalloo Ratilal , Solanki Geetesh , Ramphoma Khabiso , Myburgh Neil G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimIn the present study, we assessed the patterns and types of antibiotics prescribed following tooth extractions, and the alignment of these practices with the evidence available.MethodsThe study used health insurance claim data from South African dental practitioners for 2013, analyzing the antibiotic prescribing patterns around tooth extractions, separately for four event types: exposed (simple) tooth extractions in: (a) healthy patients and (b) patients with chronic conditions; and impacted tooth extractions in (c) healthy patients and (d) patients with a chronic condition.ResultsMore than 50 000 extraction events were analyzed. The findings show no consistency in prescribing patterns. The same percentage (10%) of the healthy and the chronically ill patients undergoing an exposed (simple) tooth extraction were prescribed antibiotics, while approximately 50% of both healthy and chronically ill patient groups undergoing an impacted tooth extraction received a prescription. Almost 81% of prescriptions were for narrow spectrum antibiotics, with few differences across the four event types.ConclusionsThe antibiotic prescription patterns of dental practitioners reported in the present study do not appear to follow a coherent set of guidelines or meaningful indications for antibiotic use. The study highlights the need for explicit and more prudent guidelines for the use of antibiotics following tooth extractions, to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance.
Three‐dimensional imaging of porous media using confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: SHAH S.M. , CRAWSHAW J.P. , BOEK E.S. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIn the last decade, imaging techniques capable of reconstructing three‐dimensional (3‐D) pore‐scale model have played a pivotal role in the study of fluid flow through complex porous media. In this study, we present advances in the application of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to image, reconstruct and characterize complex porous geological materials with hydrocarbon reservoir and CO2 storage potential. CLSM has a unique capability of producing 3‐D thin optical sections of a material, with a wide field of view and submicron resolution in the lateral and axial planes. However, CLSM is limited in the depth (z‐dimension) that can be imaged in porous materials. In this study, we introduce a ‘grind and slice’ technique to overcome this limitation. We discuss the practical and technical aspects of the confocal imaging technique with application to complex rock samples including Mt. Gambier and Ketton carbonates. We then describe the complete workflow of image processing to filtering and segmenting the raw 3‐D confocal volumetric data into pores and grains. Finally, we use the resulting 3‐D pore‐scale binarized confocal data obtained to quantitatively determine petrophysical pore‐scale properties such as total porosity, macro‐ and microporosity and single‐phase permeability using lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulations, validated by experiments.
Inhibition of Wnt signaling induces amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein and the production and aggregation of Amyloid‐β (Aβ)42 peptides
Authors: Tapia‐Rojas Cheril , Burgos Patricia V. , Inestrosa Nibaldo C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and the most frequent cause of dementia in the aged population. According to the amyloid hypothesis, the amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptide plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Aβ is generated from the amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein and can aggregate to form oligomers, which have been described as a major synaptotoxic agent in neurons. Dysfunction of Wnt signaling has been linked to increased Aβ formation; however, several other studies have argued against this possibility. Herein, we use multiple experimental approaches to confirm that the inhibition of Wnt signaling promoted the amyloidogenic proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein. We also demonstrate that inhibiting Wnt signaling increases the production of the Aβ42 peptide, the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, and the levels of Aβ oligomers such as trimers and tetramers. Moreover, we show that activating Wnt signaling reduces the levels of Aβ42 and its aggregates, increases Aβ40 levels, and reduces the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. Finally, we show that the protective effects observed in response to activation of the Wnt pathway rely on β‐catenin‐dependent transcription, which is demonstrated experimentally via the expression of various ‘mutant forms of β‐catenin’. Together, our findings indicate that loss of the Wnt signaling pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.
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Frailty Is a Major Related Factor for at Risk of Malnutrition in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Chang Shu‐Fang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeWe investigated the relationships among geriatric syndrome, physiological functions, and body composition in community‐dwelling older people with varying nutritional statuses. Other factors correlated with nutritional status in community‐dwelling older people were also explored.BackgroundThe World Health Organization has initiated preventive programs for addressing malnutrition. However, few studies have focused on the correlations among geriatric syndrome, physiological functions, and body composition in older people at risk of malnutrition.DesignWe conducted a cross‐sectional study.MethodsOlder people who lived in an urban Taiwanese community were recruited for this research study. The inclusion criteria were age 65 years or older, ability to communicate in Taiwanese, clear consciousness, and ability to communicate independently. The nutritional status of participants was evaluated with the Mini Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form. The frailty status was assessed with the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) index. The SOF index included the following three items: body weight loss of >5% within 1 year, difficulty in standing from a sitting position in a chair without an armrest five times, and feeling deprived of energy. Participants over 65 years of age, living in a community and without mental illness or acute disease were included in the study.FindingsCompared with well‐nourished older adults, those at risk of malnutrition were predominantly male; presented with lower body weight, lower body mass index values, lower skeletal mass indices, and poorer muscle strength; and were unable to rise from a seated position in a chair without using the armrest five times. Subjects at risk of malnutrition were less energetic, were more commonly characterized as being sarcopenia, and demonstrated frailty. Body composition analysis demonstrated that a skeletal muscle index of approximately 9.93 and a body fat mass of less than 12.25 kg were related to an increased risk of malnutrition. Older people who were frail exhibited a particularly high risk of malnutrition.ConclusionsThe results revealed that the evaluation of malnutrition risk should be conducted in older persons living in the community. Frailty in particular was identified as a major risk factor for malnutrition in community‐dwelling elderly persons.Clinical RelevanceCommunity nurses should pay attention to the nutritional conditions of community‐dwelling elderly persons. Community nurses should assess the at‐risk population and provide effective preventive strategies and programs to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition and frailty.