bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Functional Movement Screen and a Novel Basketball Mobility Test as an Injury Prediction Tool for Collegiate Basketball Players
Authors: Bond Colin W. , Dorman Jason C. , Odney Tryg O. , Roggenbuck Scott J. , Young Steven W. , Munce Thayne A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Bond, CW, Dorman, JC, Odney, TO, Roggenbuck, SJ, Young, SW, and Munce, TA. Evaluation of the functional movement screen and a novel basketball mobility test as an injury prediction tool for collegiate basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1590–1601, 2019—Identifying injury risk and implementing preventive measures can assist in reducing injury occurrence and may ultimately improve athletic performance. Improper movement patterns often contribute to musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. The validity of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) as an injury prediction tool for athletes remains unclear. We designed the Basketball-Specific Mobility Test (BMT) to represent the neuromuscular demands of basketball and identify deficiencies that may be indicative of greater MSK injury risk while playing this sport. The aim of this study was to examine the association of FMS and BMT scores with injury occurrence in collegiate basketball players. We hypothesized that the BMT would be a better predictor of injury risk than the FMS, and that scores from both tests would have a higher association with severe MSK injuries than minor, non-MSK injuries. One-hundred nineteen male and female collegiate basketball players from 4 Upper Midwest universities were assessed preseason (PRE) and postseason (POST) using the FMS and BMT. In-season injury records were collected from the schools' athletic trainers and were classified by type and severity. During the season, 56 of 119 players were injured, resulting in 96 total injuries. Injured athletes' PRE FMS scores demonstrated negligible effects compared with uninjured athletes' PRE scores (d < 0.20), whereas some BMT scores showed potentially meaningful effects (d > 0.20). Although specificity of the FMS and BMT to predict injury was relatively high (FMS 85.7–87.6; BMT 42.0–88.0), sensitivity (FMS 14.2–22.7; BMT 11.6–39.1), odds ratios (FMS 1.00–2.08; BMT 0.47–1.06), and injury prediction capacities (area under the curve; FMS 0.43–0.49; BMT 0.49–0.59) of the tests were low. Although the FMS and BMT may be suitable for identifying MSK deficiencies, they do not accurately determine injury risk in collegiate basketball players. Injury risk assessments may be improved by targeting specific injury mechanisms and the conditions in which they occur.
Derecho penal del enemigo, excepción política y securitización: contracaras de la seguridad
Authors: Cardinale María Eugenia 
Published: April 2017

El artículo se propone revisar los dispositivos políticos, jurídicos y sociales que están detrás de la imposición de determinados parámetros de seguridad preponderantes a nivel internacional. La seguridad es percibida como el bien principal para las relaciones sociales nacionales y globales y, por tanto, tienden a validarse mecanismos que van en detrimento de un conjunto de libertades y derechos garantizados, por principio, en regímenes democráticos, en nombre de aquel bien.
El objetivo es analizar críticamente las conceptualizaciones y los debates de tres dispositivos: *derecho penal del enemigo, excepcionalidad política* y *securitización*, cuyas legitimaciones se esconden tras imperativos “securitarios”.
Measures of Local Segregation for Monitoring Health Inequities by Local Health Departments
Authors: Krieger Nancy , Waterman Pamela D. , Batra Neelesh , Murphy Johnna S. , Dooley Daniel P. , Shah Snehal N. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives. To assess the use of local measures of segregation for monitoring health inequities by local health departments. Methods. We analyzed preterm birth and premature mortality (death before the age of 65 years) rates for Boston, Massachusetts, for 2010 to 2012, using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) and the poverty rate at both the census tract and neighborhood level. Results. For premature mortality at the census tract level, the rate ratios comparing the worst-off and best-off terciles were 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36, 1.83) for the ICE for income, 1.66 (95% CI = 1.43, 1.93) for the ICE for race/ethnicity, and 1.63 (95% CI = 1.40, 1.90) for the ICE combining income and race/ethnicity, as compared with 1.47 (95% CI = 1.27, 1.71) for the poverty measure. Results for the ICE and poverty measures were more similar for preterm births than for premature mortality. Conclusions. The ICE, a measure of social spatial polarization, may be useful for analyzing health inequities at the local level. Public Health Implications. Local health departments in US cities can meaningfully use the ICE to monitor health inequities associated with racialized economic segregation.
FULL DAY SCHOOL DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER SISWA SMKN 13 KOTA MALANG
Authors: Leasa Marleny , Batlolona John Rafafy 
Published: April 2017

AbstrakPendidikan dengan kualitas yang bermartabat dan baik dimulai dari terbentuknya karakter mulia peserta didik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembinaan dan pembentukan karakter siswa (taruna) jurusan keperawatan di SMK Negeri 13 Malang. Penelitian menggunakan statistik deskriptif, untuk mengungkap respon sekolah terhadap program Full Day School (FDS) dalam rangka pembinaan dan pembentukan karakter siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respon sekolah (kepala sekolah, guru pembina) termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik, sedangkan instruktur TNI AL termasuk dalam kategori baik. Perolehan nilai karakter keperawatan siswakelas X yaitu 13,63% kategori memuaskan; 31,82% kategori sangat baik; dan 54,54% kategori baik. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa sekolah dan siswa sama-sama memberikan respon yang positif terhadap kegiatan FDS. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang output karakter lulusan di dunia kerja atau di masyarakat.Kata kunci: full day school, karakter, peserta didik Abstract Education with dignity and good quality starts from the formation of a noble character learners. This study aims to describe the development and character formation of student majoring in nursing at SMK Negeri 13 Kota Malang. Research using descriptive technique to uncover the response of FDS program in the framework of development and character formation of the student. The result showed that the response of the school (principals teachers) included in the very good category, while the Navy instructors included in good category. The character values of nursing students of class X is 13,63% which is a statisfactory category; 31,82 as very good category; and 54,54 has good category. Thus concluded that the shcool and students a like responded positively to FDS activities. Future students recommended to obtain information about the character output of graduates in the workplace or in the community as an input to evaluate this program.Keywords: full day school, character, student
Quantifying the fatal and non-fatal burden of Stroke and its modifiable determinants using routine Scottish healthcare datasets
Authors: Wyper Grant , Grant Ian , Tod Elaine , McFadden Margaret , Mesalles-Naranjo Oscar , Craig Neil , Dobbie Richard , Fischbacher Colin , McCartney Gerard , Stockton Diane 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesThe gap between a population’s actual and ideal health can be quantified by Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY). This metric combines the Years Lived with Disability (YLD) and Years of Life Lost (YLL). When supplemented by a Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) it can depict the magnitude of disease burden and the effect that modifiable exposures contribute. We aim to utilise routine healthcare records to quantify the burden and potential reduction in DALY caused by stroke.
ApproachHospital stays involving a stroke diagnosis (ICD-9: 430-431, 433-34, 436; ICD-10: I60-61, I63-64) were identified through secondary care primary diagnoses from 1981-2013 and used to derive the incidence of acute stroke and the point-prevalence of chronic stroke. Disability weights for each health state of stroke sequelae were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study and used to derive YLD. YLL for each death was calculated using Scotland-specific life tables for deaths where stroke was the underlying cause.
Eight waves of the Scottish Health Survey (SHES) from 1995-2012 were linked to secondary care and mortality records. Risk factors were identified from SHES then mapped to levels in the Dahlgren and Whitehead model and Population Attributable Fractions (PAFs) were calculated for each risk factor that was a significant casual risk of stroke from a Cox-proportional hazard regression model.
ResultsStroke was responsible for 47,836 DALY in Scotland during 2013 which was a reduction of 33.3% from 2000. The proportion of YLD contributing to DALY was 7.6% in 2000 rising to 14.4% in 2013. The main reasons for the changing profile of DALY are due to the large reduction in mortality and influence of the rising prevalence of chronic stroke. Stroke mortality reduced 34.3% during the period 2000-2013 from 7,013 deaths in 2000 to 4,610 in 2013, whilst chronic prevalence increased from 46,184 in 2000 to 59,367 in 2013.
Between 23.5 to 38.8% of excess first stroke incidence can be explained by education, social class and area deprivation, which were all significant predictors of stroke after adjusting for confounding. Altering the exposure distribution for each independent risk factor to its theoretical minimum risk exposure level could potentially reduce the DALY by between 9,615 to 15,882 in 2013.
ConclusionThis study highlights the benefit of using linked administrative health records to quantify the burden of stroke on the population and how public health interventions to tackle inequalities would be a method of reducing strokes in Scotland.
Assessing the impact of different grouping methods: time to rethink and regroup?
Authors: Randall Sean , Ferrante Anna , Brown Adrian , Boyd James , Semmens James 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesThe grouping of record-pairs to determine which administrative records belong to the same individual is an important process in record linkage. A variety of grouping methods are used but the relative benefits of each are unknown. We evaluate a number of grouping methods against the traditional merge based clustering approach using large scale administrative data.
ApproachThe research aimed to both describe current grouping techniques used for record linkage, and to evaluate the most appropriate grouping method for specific circumstances. A range of grouping strategies were applied to three datasets with known truth sets. Conditions were simulated to appropriately investigate one-to-one, many-to-one and ongoing linkage scenarios.
ResultsResults suggest alternate grouping methods will yield large benefits in linkage quality, especially when the quality of the underlying repository is high. Stepwise grouping methods were clearly superior for one-to-one linkage. There appeared little difference in linkage quality between many-to-one grouping approaches. The most appropriate techniques for ongoing linkage depended on the quality of the population spine and the underlying dataset.
ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the large effect that the choice of grouping strategy can have on overall linkage quality. Ongoing linkages to high quality population spines provide large improvements in linkage quality compared to merge based linkages. Procuring or developing such a population spine will provide high linkage quality at far lower cost than current methods for improving linkage quality. By improving linkage quality at low cost, this resource can be further utilised by health researchers.
Colonoscopy resource availability and colonoscopy utilization in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Webber Colleen , Flemming Jennifer , Birtwhistle Richard , Rosenberg Mark , Groome Patti 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveEvidence of long wait times for colonoscopy and regional variations in colonoscopy utilization have raised concerns that the availability of colonoscopy resources may be insufficient to meet current needs. This study described colonoscopy resource availability in Ontario, Canada, evaluated regional variations in colonoscopy resource availability and utilization, and examined the association between colonoscopy resource availability and colonoscopy utilization.
ApproachThis is a population-based cross-sectional study of colonoscopy resource availability in Ontario, Canada from 2007 to 2013 using linked administrative health databases from the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES). We defined the catchment areas for colonoscopy resources using physician networks that were built upon existing patient flow patterns, with comparisons to observed colonoscopy patient travel patterns to ensure the networks reflected colonoscopy referral patterns in the province. Colonoscopy physicians were identified from physician billing data. Network-level colonoscopy availability was measured in terms of physician density, specialty, and quality, use of private colonoscopy clinics, and distance that patients travel for colonoscopy. Network-level age- and sex-standardized colonoscopy utilization rates were calculated for 2007 to 2013. Associations between colonoscopy resource availability and colonoscopy utilization were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation.
Results The availability of colonoscopy resources in Ontario increased between 2007 and 2013. Physician density increased from 8.7 full-time equivalent (FTE) physicians per 100,000 residents in 2007 to 9.4 FTE per 100,000 residents in 2013. The proportion of colonoscopy physicians who achieved the recommended colonoscopy completion and polypectomy rates increased from 60% to 77%, and 28% to 53%, respectively. Use of private colonoscopy clinics also increased. In 2007, 21% of colonoscopies were completed in private clinics, and by 2013, that proportion increased to 30%. Across Ontario, we observed strong geographic variation in these measures of colonoscopy resource availability as well as in the utilization of colonoscopy. Colonoscopy utilization was positively correlated with physician availability (r=0.48, p=0.001), physician quality (r=0.6, p<0.0001) and use of private clinics for colonoscopy (r=0.5, p=0.001).
ConclusionThe availability of colonoscopy resources improved in Ontario between 2007 and 2013. However, the geographic variation in resource availability and findings that higher colonoscopy resource availability is associated with higher colonoscopy utilization suggest that certain areas of the province may be under-resourced. These areas may be appropriate targets for efforts to improve colonoscopy capacity in Ontario.
Linking Hospital and Tax data to support research on the economic impacts of hospitalization
Authors: Sanmartin Claudia , Reicker Alexander , Garland Allan , Iwashyna Theodore , Fransoo Randy , Scales Damon , Wunsch Hannah , Forget Evelyn , Qiu Hanqing 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesThis project links data on acute inpatient hospitalizations from the Canadian Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) with data on income and employment from various taxation- and employment-based administrative files. The goal was to create a linked database that will support research on the labour market and financial outcomes experienced by individuals and families following acute illness requiring hospitalization.
ApproachData from the 1999/00 to 2014/15 Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) were linked to the 1981-2013/14 T1 Tax filer data and the Canadian Child Tax Benefit data. We sought to create a unique association between Health Insurance Numbers (HIN) available in the DAD and Social Insurance Numbers (SIN) available in the tax data by using variables common to both data sets – date of birth, postal code and sex. Both transactional data sets were “individualized” such that unique combinations of the linkage variables were identified and eligible for linkage. The linkage was conducted using deterministic methods.
ResultsApproximately 97% of combinations involving date of birth, postal code and sex in the hospitalization data were uniquely related to a single valid HIN (n=18.8 million). Similarly, approximately 96% of the keys on the Tax data file were associated with a unique person. Approximately 86% of HINs were associated with a unique identifier in the tax file and these HINs account for approximately 83% of the hospital records. The linkage was consistent over time, with linkage rates between 85% and 88% of HINs for all years. Some variation in linkage rates were observed by jurisdiction and by age. (Error estimates to be reported)
ConclusionThis project has created a unique linked database that will support research on the economic consequences of ‘health shocks’ for individuals and their families, and the implications for income, labour and health policies. This database represents a new and unique resource that will fill an important national data gap, and enable a wide range of relevant research.
Breaking the problem into pieces: pre-clustering on-the-fly with the NGLMS
Authors: Farrow James 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesThe SA.NT DataLink Next Generation Linkage Management System (NGLMS) stores linked data in the form of a graph (in the computer science sense) comprised of nodes (records) and edges (record relationships or similarities). This permits efficient pre-clustering techniques based on transitive closure to form groups of records which relate to the same individual (or other selection criteria).
ApproachOnly information known (or at least highly likely) to be relevant is extracted from the graph as superclusters. This operation is computationally inexpensive when the underlying information is stored as a graph and may be able to be done on-the-fly for typical clusters. More computationally intensive analysis and/or further clustering may then be performed on this smaller subgraph. Canopy clustering and using blocking used to reduce pairwise comparisons are expressions of the same type of approach.
ResultsSubclusters for manual review based on transitive closure are typically computationally inexpensive enough to extract from the NGLMS that they are extracted on-demand during manual clerical review activities. There is no necessity to pre-calculate these clusters. Once extracted further analysis is undertaken on these smaller data groupings for visualisation and presentation for review and quality analysis. More computationally expensive techniques can be used at this point to prepare data for visualisation or provide hints to manual reviewers.
Extracting high-recall groups of data records for review but providing them to reviews grouped further into high precision groups as the result of a second pass has resulted in a reduction of the time taken for clerical reviewers at SANT DataLink to manual review a group by 30–40%. The reviewers are able to manipulate whole groups of related records at once rather than individual records.
ConclusionPre-clustering reduces the computational cost associated with higher order clustering and analysis algorithms. Algorithms which scale by n^2 (or more) are typical in comparison scenarios. By breaking the problem into pieces the computational cost can be reduced. Typically breaking a problem into many pieces reduces the cost in proportion to the number of pieces the problem can be broken into. This cost reduction can make techniques possible which would otherwise be computationally prohibitive.
Supplementing linked datasets with meaningful meta-data to enable high quality research
Authors: Padmanabhan Shivani , Smith Oliver , Strongman Helen 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesEnable high quality research using linked data sources whose membership and coverage change over time by providing clarity in applied processing steps and meaningful meta-data.
ApproachOur organisations have developed a process that enables linkage of primary care practice data to several disparate data sets. Identifiers are submitted to the trusted third party (TTP) organisation by consenting practices and external data controllers. These include patient NHS number, post code, date of birth and gender. The TTP remove duplicates and clean the data received, and use a sequential eight stage deterministic algorithm to match patients based on all or some of the identifiers. The TTP provide the research organisation with meta-data; a match rank variable per linked dataset to indicate at which stage in the matching algorithm the patient was matched, as well as flags to indicate whether the identifiers submitted by the practice were valid.
As part of the research organisation’s standard linked data provision, only patients that have a valid NHS number in the practice data, and therefore have the potential to be linked on NHS number are identified as eligible. A flag to indicate eligibility per individual linked data source is provided. Individual data source coverage periods allow users to define follow-up time for patients. Individuals that have contributed data to more than one practice are flagged. Records for patients that have not been matched on NHS number, or who have been linked to multiple individuals in the linked dataset are removed. This together with recommendations provided in the documentation simplifies decision making for applied research. Methodological research is supported through the option to access removed records.
ResultsIn the latest linkage set, identifiers for 10,272,602 patients from 404 English GP practices were collected by the TPP. Of these, 8,213,068 (80%) had a valid NHS flag. A total of 7,401,948 patients were found to have one or more records in Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) data: 7,152,194 (97%) were matched on NHS number and 6,661,453 (93%) were identified as unique HES patients.
ConclusionTo maximise research benefit from linked data, study designs must account for linkage methodologies and potential errors. Data providers need to support informed decision making for applied research whilst enabling methodological research that explores linkage validity and related biases. The documentation and meta-data that we provide enables users to make informed decisions about their study based on its context and design.