bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference in the Dissolution Behaviors of Tablets Containing Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) Depending on Pharmaceutical Formulation After Storage Under High Temperature and Humid Conditions
Authors: Takekuma Yoh , Ishizaka Haruka , Sumi Masato , Sato Yuki , Sugawara Mitsuru 
Published: December 2016

PURPOSE. Storage under high temperature and humid conditions has been reported to decrease the dissolution rate for some kinds of tablets containing polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) as a disintegrant. The aim of this study was to elucidate the properties of pharmaceutical formulations with PVPP that cause a decrease in the dissolution rate after storage under high temperature and humid conditions by using model tablets with a simple composition. METHODS. Model tablets, which consisted of rosuvastatin calcium or 5 simple structure compounds, salicylic acid, 2-aminodiphenylmethane, 2-aminobiphenyl, 2-(p-tolyl)benzoic acid or 4.4’-biphenol as principal agents, cellulose, lactose hydrate, PVPP and magnesium stearate as additives, were made by direct compression. The model tables were wrapped in paraffin papers and stored for 2 weeks at 40°C/75% relative humidity (RH). Dissolution tests were carried out by the paddle method in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 16th edition. RESULTS. Model tablets with a simple composition were able to reproduce a decreased dissolution rate after storage at 40°C/75% RH. These tablets showed significantly decreased water absorption activities after storage. In the case of tablets without lactose hydrate by replacing with cellulose, a decreased dissolution rate was not observed. Carboxyl and amino groups in the structure of the principal agent were not directly involved in the decreased dissolution. 2-Benzylaniline tablets showed a remarkably decreased dissolution rate and 2-aminobiphenyl and 2-(p-tolyl)benzoic acid tablets showed slightly decreased dissolution rates, though 4,4’-biphenol tablets did not show a decrease dissolution rate. CONCLUSIONS. We demonstrated that additives and structure of the principal agent were involved in the decreased in dissolution rate for tablets with PVPP. The results suggested that one of the reasons for a decreased dissolution rate was the inclusion of lactose hydrate in tablets. The results also indicated that compounds as principal agents with low affinity for PVPP may be easily affected by airborne water under high temperature and humid conditions. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Arthroscopic Excision of a Solitary Acetabular Osteochondroma in an Adult
Authors: Kim Chul-Ho , Kekatpure Aditya Laxmikant , Kashikar Anuja , Chang Jae Suk , Jeong Mi Yeon , Yoon Pil Whan 
Published: December 2016

Case:
A 43-year-old woman presented with localized pain of the right hip 2 months after a trivial trauma. Physical examination revealed a positive Patrick (FABER [Flexion, Abduction, and External Rotation]) test. Radiographs showed a radiopaque lesion at the acetabular fossa, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass with adjacent bone marrow edema. Arthroscopic excision of the lesion was performed; histopathologic examination demonstrated that it was an osteochondroma.

Conclusion:
A solitary intra-articular osteochondroma is a possible cause of localized hip pain. Hip arthroscopy can be a good diagnostic and therapeutic option.
What Makes High-Achiever Students Hard to Improve Their Speaking Skill?
Authors: Irmawati Dini Kurnia 
Published: December 2016

Speaking problems do not only happen to low achiever students. High-achiever students with high average score (above 90) also still have speaking problems. This makes the researcher find it important to investigate what factors that make them still get difficulties in speaking. This research is a descriptive study. The subjects include 9 high-achiever students majoring in English Department that have been selected from University of Brawijaya, State University of Malang, and Kanjuruhan University. The data have been collected by using questionnaire, interview guide, and observation sheet. The findings show that the most hampering factor in relation to teaching and learning activities is too many assignments given. Next, in terms of teaching and learning materials, the highest hampering factor is the level of difficulty of the materials which are too high. Also, the most hampering factor related to lecturers’ personalities is that the lecturer is too serious in handling the class. Moreover, lack of English usage is the next highest hampering factor about the use of English as a medium of instruction in class. Also, lack of feedback given to high-achiever students is the most hampering factor of their speaking skill. The findings indicate that preliminary study and need analysis are needed in order to help lecturers teach high-achiever students more effectively which can result in helping them overcome their speaking problems and improve their speaking skill.
KONSTRUKSI CITRA PEREMPUAN DALAM MEDIA ONLINE (Analisis Framing Rubrik Fashion Website Wolipop)
Authors: Lestarysca Lestarysca , Febriana Poppy 
Published: December 2016

Wolipop is pages that presenting news or lifestyle articles about women, including the fashion rubric discussing the aspect of fashion from within the country and overseas which becomes a trend to date. As an online media which broadcasts information to the public, wolipop also features images of women which can be a reference to those who read it. This research is qualitative research that uses a method of William A. framing analysis. Gamson and modgliani argued that the frame is the way to talk, which presents construction meaning over events pertaining to an object of a discourse. The technique of collecting data used in this research is: documentary study of the primary data by collecting articles written on the fashion rubric of Wolipop from May 13 to 17, and also may 19, 2013. The news articles observed were selected based on the number of visitors every day. The result shows that wolipop always constructs women as figures who always want to look young, figures who can be influenced, figures of fashion adicts who shop high value goods although the goods are not very important. Lastly, wolipop gives images of women as tough figures who dare to demand their rights, try to seek freedom and refuse to be pre-sighted.
PROFIL MODAL SOSIAL DAN TINGKAT PARTISIPASI PETERNAKPADA PENGEMBANGAN SAPI POTONG DI KABUPATEN TEBO PROPINSI JAMBI
Authors: Hadi Syafril 
Published: December 2016

The purposes of this research are to describethe level of social capital and to identify the level ofparticipation of cattle breedersin Tebo district. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis by usingquantitative approach. Thesample collection technique used in this research is purposive random sampling whichconsistsof five people as a unit of analysis. The questionnaires weregiven to 165 respondences who breed the cattlein Tebo.The results of this research show that the level of social capital of cattle breeders in Tebo district is in the very high category and the participant level of cattle breeders is also in the high category.
Cryptosporidium Soil Extraction by Filtration/IMS/FA Compatible with USEPA Method 1623.1
Authors: Zopp Zachariah P. , Olstadt Jeremy M. , Karthikeyan K. G. , Thompson Anita M. , Long Sharon C. 
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas
Cryptosporidium extraction from the soil matrix is absent in USEPA Method 1623.1.
Our S3PEG soil extraction is compatible with USEPA Method 1623.1.
S3PEG extraction meets quality control recoveries specified by USEPA Method 1623.1.
Irradiated Cryptosporidium oocysts are suitable soil surrogate for live oocysts.
Cryptosporidium, a parasitic pathogen, when present in drinking water supplies poses a significant risk to human health. The soil environment provides a critical linkage between Cryptosporidium parent material (bovine manure) and the surface and groundwaters used by susceptible human populations for drinking water. The lack of a USEPA published analysis for the determination of Cryptosporidium in soil is a barrier to standardized investigation of Cryptosporidium transport in soils. Methodologies have been published in the absence of a USEPA analysis, yet they lack sufficient detail and quality controls to be generally applicable. This study developed and evaluated a Cryptosporidium soil extraction method capable of producing an extracted fluid containing Cryptosporidium that could be purified and enumerated using USEPA Method 1623.1.
Calibration of the APEX Model to Simulate Management Practice Effects on Runoff, Sediment, and Phosphorus Loss
Authors: Bhandari Ammar B. , Nelson Nathan O. , Sweeney Daniel W. , Baffaut Claire , Lory John A. , Senaviratne Anomaa , Pierzynski Gary M. , Janssen Keith A. , Barnes Philip L. 
Published: December 2016

Process‐based computer models have been proposed as a tool to generate data for Phosphorus (P) Index assessment and development. Although models are commonly used to simulate P loss from agriculture using managements that are different from the calibration data, this use of models has not been fully tested. The objective of this study is to determine if the Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model can accurately simulate runoff, sediment, total P, and dissolved P loss from 0.4 to 1.5 ha of agricultural fields with managements that are different from the calibration data. The APEX model was calibrated with field‐scale data from eight different managements at two locations (management‐specific models). The calibrated models were then validated, either with the same management used for calibration or with different managements. Location models were also developed by calibrating APEX with data from all managements. The management‐specific models resulted in satisfactory performance when used to simulate runoff, total P, and dissolved P within their respective systems, with r2 > 0.50, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency > 0.30, and percent bias within ±35% for runoff and ±70% for total and dissolved P. When applied outside the calibration management, the management‐specific models only met the minimum performance criteria in one‐third of the tests. The location models had better model performance when applied across all managements compared with management‐specific models. Our results suggest that models only be applied within the managements used for calibration and that data be included from multiple management systems for calibration when using models to assess management effects on P loss or evaluate P Indices.Core Ideas
The APEX model has limited ability to simulate effects of changing management.
If available, multiple management should be used to calibrate and validate the model.
Policy makers must exercise caution in using model‐estimated P losses to evaluate PIs.
Understanding Preferential Flow in the Vadose Zone: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
Authors: Jarvis Nicholas , Koestel John , Larsbo Mats 
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas
Understanding of preferential flow is improving, stimulated partly by new technologies.
Empirical process understanding has outstripped the capability of models to predict.
Better models must await future advances in computational power.
In this update, we review some of the more significant advances that have been made in the last decade in the study of preferential flow through the vadose zone as well as suggest some research needs in the coming years. We focus mostly on work that aims to improve understanding of the processes themselves and less on more applied aspects concerning the various consequences of preferential flow (e.g., for surface water and groundwater quality). In recent years, the research emphasis has shifted somewhat toward the two extremes of the scale continuum, the pore scale and the scale of management (field, catchments, and landscapes). This trend has been facilitated by significant advances in both measurement technologies (e.g., noninvasive imaging techniques and high frequency–high spatial resolution monitoring of soil moisture at field and catchment scales) and application of novel methods of analysis to large datasets (e.g., machine learning). This work has led to a better understanding of how pore network properties control preferential flow at the pore to core scales as well as some new insights into the influence of site attributes (climate, land uses, soil types) at field to landscape scales. We conclude that models do not at present fully reflect the current state of process understanding and empirical knowledge of preferential flow. However, we expect that significant advances in computational techniques, computer hardware, and measurement technologies will lead to increasingly reliable model predictions of the impacts of preferential flow, even at the larger scales relevant for management.
Hydropedology and the Societal Challenge of Realizing the 2015 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Bouma J. 
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas
The UN Sustainable Development Goals present a guiding principle for hydropedology.
Hydropedology is potentially more effective than the separate disciplines.
Pedologists should better support their observations with physical measurements.
Measuring and interpreting bypass flow may be more effective than developing new theory.
Existing soil databases can't provide a full picture of soil behavior in the field.
The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) offer a major challenge for both society and the science community. Hydropedology, combining the expertise of soil physicists and pedologists, plays a key role in realizing goals focused on food, water, climate, and ecology, requiring interdisciplinary research. This update explores emerging trends and future work, focusing on examples of contributions by pedology to measuring and modeling in hydropedological studies. Many soil types create heterogeneous flow patterns that are difficult to characterize using current soil databases and physical flow models. The clear potential of hydropedology to produce better modeling results than those obtained from separate contributions by the two subdisciplines can, however, only be established by field validation of modeling results using different types of data and models. Overall soil input in interdisciplinary SDG‐oriented research includes chemical and biological aspects that become more representative by considering hydropedological conditions.
Massive blood clot following traumatic tracheal intubation: misdiagnosis using the C‐MAC® Flexible Intubation Video Endoscope
Authors: Tay Stanley , Magness Andrew , Hicks Chelsea , Blum Philip , Jolley Daniel , Spain Brian 
Published: December 2016

SummaryVideo laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy in anaesthesia is commonly used both to improve visualisation of the airway and as an educational tool. We describe a patient undergoing laparoscopic insertion of a peritoneal dialysis catheter, who suffered almost complete airway obstruction from a massive blood clot following traumatic tracheal intubation using a bougie. Using the C‐MAC® Flexible Intubation Video Endoscope a misdiagnosis was made that delayed appropriate management. Successful removal of the blood clot was achieved through suspension laryngoscopy and the patient made a full recovery. This case highlights the problems of using the C‐MAC® Flexible Intubation Video Endoscope as a diagnostic tool. A laboratory comparison with the Olympus video bronchoscope is also described.
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour‐ difficult airway management in an infant
Authors: Raju Dinesh , Murugesan Chinnamuthu , Bnakal Sanjaya Kumar , N Chennakeshava 
Published: December 2016

SummaryNeuroectodermal tumours of the maxilla present challenges for airway management due to the age of the patient and tumour involvement in the oral cavity. A careful preoperative evaluation and awareness of a potentially difficult airway are necessary. Good communication between the anaesthetic and surgical teams are vital. The laryngeal mask airway can be a useful device as it provides good airway control in paediatric patients with difficult airways and can also be used to aid fibreoptic tracheal intubation.
Innovative New Apps and Uses for the Accounting Classroom
Authors: Paz Veronica 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
New instructional technologies provide educators with opportunities for student engagement and collaboration. As technology evolves, educators will spend more time identifying and testing new platforms. This instructional resource paper reviews several recent innovative technologies by providing brief descriptions, pricing, and current and potential uses. More specifically, this paper examines Doceri and DisplayNote in detail. My results from analyzing exam scores and course grades identified that the use of Doceri improves overall course performance in an introductory managerial accounting class. Poll Everywhere is an audience response system using mobile phones, Twitter, and the web in place of clickers. Student surveys suggest that the use of the Poll Everywhere app encourages questions and class discussions. Students perceived they participated more, and the class provided more illustrative examples with the utilization of the Poll Everywhere app. Top Hat is a cloud-based classroom and student response system used to increase student engagement during lectures using cell phones, tablets, or other devices. Finally, nClass and Asana are new tools to consider for classroom adoption and future research.
IACHEC CROSS-CALIBRATION OF CHANDRA, NuSTAR, SWIFT, SUZAKU, XMM-NEWTON WITH 3C 273 ANDPKS 2155-304
Authors: Madsen Kristin K. , Beardmore Andrew P. , Forster Karl , Guainazzi Matteo , Marshall Herman L. , Miller Eric D. , Page Kim L. , Stuhlinger Martin 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
On behalf of the International Astronomical Consortium for High Energy Calibration, we present results from the cross-calibration campaigns in 2012 on 3C 273 and in 2013 on PKS 2155-304 between the then active X-ray observatories Chandra, NuSTAR, Suzaku, Swift, and XMM-Newton. We compare measured fluxes between instrument pairs in two energy bands, 1–5 keV and 3–7 keV, and calculate an average cross-normalization constant for each energy range. We review known cross-calibration features and provide a series of tables and figures to be used for evaluating cross-normalization constants obtained from other observations with the above mentioned observatories.
THE DRAGONFLY NEARBY GALAXIES SURVEY. II. ULTRA-DIFFUSE GALAXIES NEAR THE ELLIPTICAL GALAXY NGC 5485
Authors: Merritt Allison , van Dokkum Pieter , Danieli Shany , Abraham Roberto , Zhang Jielai , Karachentsev I. D. , Makarova L. N. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the unexpected discovery of four ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in a group environment. We recently identified seven extremely low surface brightness galaxies in the vicinity of the spiral galaxy M101, using data from the Dragonfly Telephoto Array. The galaxies have effective radii of 10″–38″ and central surface brightnesses of 25.6–27.7 mag arcsec−2 in the g-band. We subsequently obtained follow-up observations with HST to constrain the distances to these galaxies. Four remain persistently unresolved even with the spatial resolution of HST/ACS, which implies distances of

Mpc. We show that the galaxies are most likely associated with a background group at ∼27 Mpc containing the massive ellipticals NGC 5485 and NGC 5473. At this distance, the galaxies have sizes of 2.6–4.9 kpc, and are classified as UDGs, similar to the populations that have been revealed in clusters such as Coma, Virgo, and Fornax, yet even more diffuse. The discovery of four UDGs in a galaxy group demonstrates that the UDG phenomenon is not exclusive to cluster environments. Furthermore, their morphologies seem less regular than those of the cluster populations, which may suggest a different formation mechanism or be indicative of a threshold in surface density below which UDGs are unable to maintain stability.
γ DORADUS PULSATIONS IN THE ECLIPSING BINARY STAR KIC 6048106
Authors: Lee Jae Woo 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the Kepler photometry of KIC 6048106, which is exhibiting the O’Connell effect and multiperiodic pulsations. Including a starspot on either of the components, light-curve synthesis indicates that this system is a semi-detached Algol with a mass ratio of 0.211, an orbital inclination of 73.°9, and a large temperature difference of 2534 K. To examine in detail both the spot variations and pulsations, we separately analyzed the Kepler time-series data at the interval of an orbital period in an iterative way. The results reveal that the variable asymmetries of the light maxima can be interpreted as the changes with time of a magnetic cool spot on the secondary component. Multiple frequency analyses were performed in the outside-eclipse light residuals after removal of the binarity effects from the observed Kepler data. We detected 30 frequencies with signal to noise amplitude ratios larger than 4.0, of which six (f
2–f
6 and f
10) can be identified as high-order (17 ≤ n ≤ 25) low-degree (ℓ = 2) gravity-mode pulsations that were stable during the observing run of 200 days. In contrast, the other frequencies may be harmonic and combination terms. For the six frequencies, the pulsation periods and pulsation constants are in the ranges of 0.352–0.506 days and 0.232–0.333 days, respectively. These values and the position on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram demonstrate that the primary star is a γ Dor variable. The evolutionary status and the pulsation nature of KIC 6048106 are discussed.
PHYSICS OF ECLIPSING BINARIES. II. TOWARD THE INCREASED MODEL FIDELITY
Authors: Prša A. , Conroy K. E. , Horvat M. , Pablo H. , Kochoska A. , Bloemen S. , Giammarco J. , Hambleton K. M. , Degroote P. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
The precision of photometric and spectroscopic observations has been systematically improved in the last decade, mostly thanks to space-borne photometric missions and ground-based spectrographs dedicated to finding exoplanets. The field of eclipsing binary stars strongly benefited from this development. Eclipsing binaries serve as critical tools for determining fundamental stellar properties (masses, radii, temperatures, and luminosities), yet the models are not capable of reproducing observed data well, either because of the missing physics or because of insufficient precision. This led to a predicament where radiative and dynamical effects, insofar buried in noise, started showing up routinely in the data, but were not accounted for in the models. PHOEBE (PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs; http://phoebe-project.org) is an open source modeling code for computing theoretical light and radial velocity curves that addresses both problems by incorporating missing physics and by increasing the computational fidelity. In particular, we discuss triangulation as a superior surface discretization algorithm, meshing of rotating single stars, light travel time effects, advanced phase computation, volume conservation in eccentric orbits, and improved computation of local intensity across the stellar surfaces that includes the photon-weighted mode, the enhanced limb darkening treatment, the better reflection treatment, and Doppler boosting. Here we present the concepts on which PHOEBE is built and proofs of concept that demonstrate the increased model fidelity.