bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Quaternary Slip‐rates and Slip Partitioning on the Southeastern Xianshuihe Fault System, Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Guihua CHEN , Xiwei XU , Xueze WEN , Yue‐Gau CHEN 
Published: April 2016

AbstractQuantitative analysis of the kinematics of the active faults distributed around the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau is critical to understand current tectonic processes of the plateau. Chronological analysis, based on the comparison among regional climate and geomorphology, digital photogrammetry, offset landforms, and the tectonics were adopted in this study on the Xianshuihe fault in the eastern Tibetan plateau. Two or more offset‐age data were obtained for each segment of the Xianshuihe and the Yunongxi faults. The offset landforms, including river terrace, alluvial fan and glacial moraine, provide constraints for the late Quaternary slip rate of the Xianshuihe fault. The left‐lateral strike slip rate of the Xianshuihe fault decreases from 17 mm/a on the northwest segment to 9.3 mm/a on the southeast segment. Regarding the Xianshuihe fault zone and its adjacent blocks as a regional tectonic system, vector analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the longitudinal kinematical transformation and transversal slip partitioning on the fault zone in terms of the kinematical parameters of the main faults within the zone. The results show that there is a distributed vertical uplift at a rate of 6.1 mm/yr caused by shortening across the Gongga Mountains region. Based on these results, we established a model of the slip partitioning for the southeastern segment of the Xianshuihe fault zone.
Ages, Sources and Tectonic Settings of the Triassic Igneous Rocks in the Easternmost Segment of the East Kunlun Orogen, central China
Authors: Haidong REN , Tao WANG , Lei ZHANG , Xiaoxia WANG , He HUANG , Chengyou FENG , Claudia TESCHNER , Peng SONG 
Published: April 2016

AbstractU‐Pb analysis of zircons from igneous rocks in the Elashan Mountain, easternmost segment of the East Kunlun Orogen yielded 252–232 Ma. Geochemically, these rocks are mainly high in SiO2, K2O and K2O+Na2O contents, low in P2O5and TiO2contents, depleted in Ba, Sr, P, Ti and enriched in U, Hf, Zr, showing features of I‐type granite. The zircon εHf(t) values of the Early Triassic Jiamuge'er rhyolite porphyry (252±3 Ma) are positive (+1.6 to +12.1), suggesting a juvenile crustal source mixing with little old crustal component, and the zircon εHf(t) values of the Middle Triassic Manzhang'gang granodiorite (244±3 Ma) and Dehailong diorite (237+3 Ma) are predominately negative (−8.4 to +1.0), indicating an older crustal source. In comparison, the zircon εHf(t) values of the Late Triassic syenogranites from Suigen'ergang (234±2Ma), Ge'ermugang (233±2 Ma) and Yue'ergen (232±3 Ma) plutons vary from −3.8 to +5.0, suggesting a crust‐mantle mixing source. From Early–Middle Triassic (252–237 Ma) to Late Triassic (234–232 Ma), the geochemical characteristics of these rocks show the change from a subduction–collision setting to a post‐collision or within‐plate setting. By comparing of these new age data with 77 zircon U–Pb ages of igneous rocks of the eastern part of East Kunlun orogen from published literatures, we conclude that the igneous rocks of Elashan Mountain and these of the eastern part of East Kunlun Orogen belong to one magmatic belt. All these data indicate that the Triassic magmatic events of the eastern part of East Kunlun Orogen can be divided into three stages: 252–238 Ma, 238–226 Ma and 226–212 Ma. Statistically, the average εHf(t) values of the three‐stage igneous rocks show a tendency, from the old to young, from –0.75±0.25 to lower –2.65±0.52 and then to –1.22±0.25, respectively, which reveal the change of their sources. These characteristics can be explained as a crust‐mantle mixing source generated in a subductional stage, mainly crust source in a syn–collisional stage and a crust‐mantle mixing source (lower crust with mantle‐derived underplating magma) in a post‐collisional stage. The identification of these three magmatic events in the Elashan Mountain, including all the eastern part of East Kunlun Orogen, provides new evidence for better understanding of the tectonic evolution of the northward subduction and closure of the Paleo‐Tethyan (252–238 Ma), the collision of the Songpan–Ganzi block with the southern margin of Qaidam block (238–226 Ma), and the post‐collisional setting (226–212 Ma) during the Early Mesozoic period.
Geochemical and Geochronological Constraints on the Origin of the Meta‐basic Volcanic Rocks in the Tengtiaohe Zone, Southeast Yunnan
Authors: Xin QIAN , Qinglai FENG , Yuejun WANG , Zhibin ZHANG 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe meta‐basic volcanic rocks in the Tengtiaohe Zone yield zircon U‐Pb ages of 258.8±2.5 Ma and 259.2±1.8 Ma, respectively which agree with the ages of flood basalts of ELIP and are similar to the basaltic rocks and komatiites from the Song Da Zone in northern Vietnam. The results suggest that the age of meta‐basic volcanic rocks is Late Permian, rather than the Early Permian or Early Carboniferous ages as previously inferred. Most meta‐basic volcanic rocks are strongly enriched in LREEs relative to HREEs and display trace element patterns similar to the ELIP high‐Ti basalts, and are enriched in LILEs with negative Sr anomalies. Their initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.705974 to 0.706188 and εNd(t) from –0.82 to –2.11. Their magmas were derived from an enriched and deep mantle source without significant crustal contamination. These meta‐basic volcanic rocks formed in ELIP. Therefore, the Tengtiaohe Zone is not an ophiolite zone and can link to the Song Da Zone in northern Vietnam.
Normal Alkane Distributions in Soil Samples along a Lhasa‐Bharatpur Transect
Authors: Qiuhuan JIA , Qing SUN , Mamnan XIE , Yabing SHAN , Yuan LING , Qingzeng ZHU , Mingzhong TIAN 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe present n‐alkane distributions in the soil samples along a transect from Lhasa on the Tibetan Plateau to Bharatpur in Nepal, which covers a large geographical area and a wide range of climatic conditions. These data allow us to assess the significance of n‐alkane distributions in different vegetation types and their relationships to temperature and precipitation. In the tropical rainforest and broadleaved forest zones, n‐alkanes exhibit a bimodal distribution pattern with dominant homologues around n‐C31 and n‐C23. The bimodal distribution of tropical rainforest n‐alkanes may be a general pattern because of the presence of many lianas, epiphytic plants, algae and the strong microbial activity and degradation involved in the postdepositional process. In the warm‐temperate mixed forest and needle‐leaved forest zones, the long‐chain alkanes have a pattern of n‐C31 > n‐C33 » n‐C27. In the alpine shrub and grassland zone, although the most abundant homologue is n‐C31, relatively high n‐C23 concentrations have also been observed in some samples. The statistical results show a good correlation between n‐alkane proxies and climatic factors. The average chain length (ACL) values are positively correlated with precipitation and temperature across the transect. The carbon preference index (CPI) values show a negative correlation with temperature and precipitation along a Lhasa–Bharatpur transect. Although there is a positive relationship between ACL and temperature, it is difficult to separate the two climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) because they are well coupled in the monsoon region.
The WTO in Nairobi: The Demise of the Doha Development Agenda and the Future of the Multilateral Trading System
Authors: Wilkinson Rorden , Hannah Erin , Scott James 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article offers a full‐length evaluation of the World Trade Organization's (WTO) decisive December 2015 Nairobi ministerial conference. It examines the dynamics of the meeting, the emergence of a new negotiating mode, and the contestations between key developing and developed members; it explores the substance of the deal negotiated; and it reflects on the future capacity of the WTO to serve as a means of securing trade gains for developing and least developed countries. Three arguments are advanced. First, the use of a new mode of negotiating brought participation and consensus into the core of the Nairobi talks, but it also resulted in an agreement that moves away from the pursuit of universal agreements to one wherein more narrowly focused piecemeal deals can be brokered. Second, the package of trade measures agreed continues an established pattern of asymmetrical trade deals that favour developed members over their developing and least developed counterparts. Third, Nairobi alters fundamentally the likely shape of future WTO deals with significant consequences for developing country trade gains. The likely result is that while Nairobi will energise the multilateral system it will do so in a way that is of questionable value to developing and least developed countries.
Politically connected boards, value or cost: evidence from a natural experiment in China
Authors: Han Jianlei , Zhang Guangli 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the net effect of a politically connected board for a firm. Using a natural experiment in China – a regulatory change to forbid bureaucrats from sitting on the board of public firms – we address the causality of the net effect of a politically connected board by testing the market reaction of the shares of firm targeted by the regulatory change to the policy announcement. The stocks of firms with politically connected directors who are targeted by the regulatory change show on average a significantly positive abnormal return, which suggests that the agency cost effect of a politically connected director dominates the value effect. The result is robust to various model settings and to a matched sample using the propensity score methodology. Additionally, the announcement effect of the resignation of a politically connected director is significantly positive, and significantly higher than that of a non‐connected director. Overall, our results suggest that the agency cost effect of a politically connected director dominates the value effect.
Early mercaptoacetyltriglycine(MAG‐3) diuretic renography results after pyeloplasty
Authors: Faure Alice , London Kevin , Smith Grahame H.H. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo describe the drainage and functional outcome of paediatric pyeloplasty, 1 week after stent removal 7–9 weeks after pyeloplasty using diuretic renography.Patients and MethodsBetween 2009 and 2014, we assessed the functional and drainage outcomes according to mercaptoacetyltriglycine MAG‐3 diuretic renograms from 66 children (69 kidneys) who underwent modified dismembered Anderson–Hynes pyeloplasty for pelvi–ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction. Stents were left in place for 6–8 weeks and postoperative renal units were evaluated with MAG‐3 renogram 1 week after stent removal. Surgical success was defined by improvement of drainage (half clearance time [T/2] < 20 min), stable or improved function on the postoperative MAG‐3 renogram and by decreased pyelocaliceal dilatation on ultrasonography (US) at 1 year.ResultsOf the 69 kidneys with a preoperative median range T/2 of 33.4 (7.6–200) min, 60 (87%) had improved drainage curves, with a median (range) T/2 of 6.9 (1.6–19) min. Thirteen percent (9/69) had persistent impaired drainage, with a median (range) T/2 of 36 (24–108) min. Of these nine children, one girl was found to have a persistent obstructive pattern (T/2 = 30 min) associated with a decreased split renal function (SRF; from 42 to 33%) and persistent hydronephrosis (at 28 mm). Redo pyeloplasty was performed 2 months after the initial procedure (and 18 days after stent removal) and renal function recovered to 47%. The remaining eight patients were free of symptoms; hydronephrosis improved at 1 year (anteroposterior diameter decreased from 28 to 18.5 mm; P = 1.94) and SRF remained stable (44.5 vs 48.5% after repair; P = nonsignificant). In the 29% of kidneys (20/69) that had preoperative impaired SRF, postoperative renal function improved in 75% (from 27.5 to 43%; P < 0.001), remained unchanged in 2% and one kidney (0.2%) deteriorated. The median (range) postoperative follow‐up was 18 (12–90) months.ConclusionsThere is no agreement regarding the ‘gold standard’ investigation to use after pyeloplasty for PUJ obstruction. Improvement in hydronephrosis on US is slow and often takes > 12 months. Based on animal studies, it is possible that missed recurrent obstruction will cause irreversible loss of renal function after 6 weeks; therefore, early postoperative assessment is desirable, but there have been few reports on urinary drainage changes with early diuretic renography after pyeloplasty. Most of the renal units had improved drainage on diuretic renography 7 weeks after pyeloplasty and 1 week after stent removal. An early diuretic renogram is a reliable method of documenting surgical success after pyeloplasty
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes intratracheally instilled into the rat lung induce development of pleural malignant mesothelioma and lung tumors
Authors: Suzui Masumi , Futakuchi Mitsuru , Fukamachi Katsumi , Numano Takamasa , Abdelgied Mohamed , Takahashi Satoru , Ohnishi Makoto , Omori Toyonori , Tsuruoka Shuji , Hirose Akihiko , Kanno Jun , Sakamoto Yoshimitsu , Alexander David B. , Alexander William T. , Jiegou Xu , Tsuda Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2016

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have a fibrous structure and physical properties similar to asbestos and have been shown to induce malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum after injection into the scrotum or peritoneal cavity in rats and mice. For human cancer risk assessment, however, data after administration of MWCNT via the airway, the exposure route that is most relevant to humans, is required. The present study was undertaken to investigate the carcinogenicity of MWCNT‐N (NIKKISO) after administration to the rat lung. MWCNT‐N was fractionated by passing it through a sieve with a pore size of 25 μm. The average lengths of the MWCNT were 4.2 μm before filtration and 2.6 μm in the flow‐through fraction; the length of the retained MWCNT could not be determined. For the present study, 10‐week‐old F344/Crj male rats were divided into five groups: no treatment, vehicle control, MWCNT‐N before filtration, MWCNT‐N flow‐through and MWCNT‐N retained groups. Administration was by the trans‐tracheal intrapulmonary spraying (TIPS) method. Rats were administered a total of 1 mg/rat during the initial 2 weeks of the experiment and then observed up to 109 weeks. The incidences of malignant mesothelioma and lung tumors (bronchiolo‐alveolar adenomas and carcinomas) were 6/38 and 14/38, respectively, in the three groups administered MWCNT and 0/28 and 0/28, respectively, in the control groups. All malignant mesotheliomas were localized in the pericardial pleural cavity. The sieve fractions did not have a significant effect on tumor incidence. In conclusion, administration of MWCNT to the lung in the rat induces malignant mesothelioma and lung tumors.
Food Price Bubbles and Government Intervention: Is China Different?
Authors: Li Jian , Li Chongguang , Chavas Jean‐Paul 
Published: April 2016

The last decade has witnessed different price trajectories in the international and Chinese agricultural commodity markets. This paper compares and contrasts these dynamic patterns between markets from the perspective of price bubbles. A newly developed right‐tailed unit root testing procedure is applied to detect price bubbles in the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and Chinese agricultural futures market during the period 2005–14. Results show that Chinese markets experienced less prominent speculative bubbles than the international markets for its high self‐sufficiency commodities (wheat and corn), but not for low self‐sufficiency commodities (soybean). The difference in price behavior is attributed to differences in market intelligence, and to Chinese agricultural policies related to trade as well as domestic government policies. Besides, it discusses challenges to the sustainability of the stable price trajectory in Chinese markets.Au cours de la dernière décennie, les prix des produits agricoles sur les marchés chinois et international ont suivi des trajectoires variées. Dans le présent article, nous comparons les divers marchés sur le plan des bulles de prix des produits agricoles. Nous avons utilisé un nouveau test de racine unitaire qui exploite la queue de droite de la distribution de la statistique pour déceler les bulles de prix des produits agricoles sur le Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) et sur les marchés à terme chinois au cours de la période 2005–14. Les résultats de notre étude montrent que les marchés chinois ont connu des bulles spéculatives moins prononcées que les marchés internationaux dans le cas des produits agricoles pour lesquels l'autosuffisance de la Chine est très élevée (le blé et le maïs), par rapport aux produits pour lesquels l'autosuffisance est faible (le soja). La différence sur le plan du comportement des prix est attribuable aux différences sur le plan de l'information commerciale ainsi qu'aux politiques agricoles chinoises en matière de commerce et à la politique intérieure du pays. Nous avons également examiné les défis par rapport à la durabilité d'une trajectoire de prix stables sur les marchés chinois.
828. NEOSHIRAKIA JAPONICA
Authors: Baldwin Harry 
Published: April 2016

SummaryNeoshirakia japonica, (formerly known as Sapium japonicum and Shirakia japonica) is one of two species in the genus, both hardy trees in tribe Hippomaneae of the Euphorbiaceae. In this article the taxonomic history, distribution, habitat and cultivation of the species are discussed, accompanied by a detailed description and a colour plate by Christine Battle.
Measurement of visual ability in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: Deramore Denver Belinda , Froude Elspeth , Rosenbaum Peter , Wilkes‐Gillan Sarah , Imms Christine 
Published: April 2016

AimTo identify and evaluate measures of visual ability used with children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodEight databases were searched for measures of visual ability. Key selection criteria for measures were: use with children with CP; focus of visual ability measurement at the Activities and Participation domain of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The Consensus‐based Standards for the Selection of Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) Checklist was used to assess psychometric properties.ResultsFrom 6763 papers retrieved, 25 were relevant and 19 measures of visual ability were identified. Only 10 measures were supported with evidence of validity or reliability. No discriminative measure analogous to existing CP functional classification systems was found. No outcome measure valid for evaluation of visual abilities of children with CP was found.InterpretationVision impairment is recognized as relevant to the functioning of children with CP; however, measurement of vision is most often focused at ‘Body Function’ levels, for example visual acuity. Measuring visual abilities in the Activities and Participation domain is important in considering how a child with CP functions in vision‐related activities. The lack of psychometrically strong measures for visual ability is a gap in current clinical practices and research.
Shared decision‐making in the care of individuals with diabetes
Authors: Serrano V. , Rodriguez‐Gutierrez R. , Hargraves I. , Gionfriddo M. R. , Tamhane S. , Montori V. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPeople with diabetes often live with other chronic conditions and lead complicated lives. Determining what is the best management decision for a patient requires consideration of each individual's personal, social and biomedical context, what he or she values, the reasons he or she has to value the available options, and the relative contribution of each option in terms of benefits, harms, costs and inconveniences. Empathic conversations between patients and clinicians to diagnose the patient situation that necessitates action and the range of evidence‐based actions that best address the situation, so‐called shared decision‐making, are essential to the personalized care of people with diabetes. The aim of the present review was to present key elements of shared decision‐making and propose three different approaches for its application. The first approach focuses on transferring information to patients so that they can make decisions. The second approach, choice, focuses on cultivating the individual's ability to give voice to which choice is best for them. The third approach, conversation, establishes an empathic conversational environment through which the individual with diabetes and their clinician think and talk through how to address the problems of living with diabetes and related illnesses. These approaches are manifest in the design of evidence‐based decision aids created to support shared decision‐making. In randomized trials, decision aids can efficiently improve patient's knowledge, satisfaction, risk awareness, decisional conflict and involvement. Further research, however, is needed to better understand when and how to promote the empathic conversations, patient, clinician and service and policy contexts necessary to routinely implement shared decision‐making in different at scale healthcare systems. In the interim, sufficient evidence and tools exist for persons with diabetes and their clinicians to gain expertise in making decisions together.
The Travels of Democracy and Education: A Cross‐Cultural Reception History
Authors: Striano Maura 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAfter its publication in 1916, Democracy and Education opened up a global debate about educational thought that is still ongoing. Various translations of Dewey's work, appearing at different times, have aided in introducing his ideas within different conversations and across different cultures. The introduction of Dewey's masterwork through academic, institutional, or political avenues has influenced its reception within contemporary educational scenarios; these avenues need to be taken into account when analyzing the book's reception as well as its impact on the reconstruction of educational discourse.
“A Liberation of Powers”: Agency and Education for Democracy
Authors: Boyte Harry C. , Finders Margaret J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this essay Harry Boyte and Margaret Finders argue that addressing the “shrinkage” of education and democracy requires acting politically to reclaim and augment Deweyan agency‐focused concepts of democracy and education. Looking at agency from the vantage of civic studies, which advances a politics of agency — a citizen politics that is different from ideological politics — and citizens as cocreators of political communities, Boyte and Finders explore the technocratic trends that have eclipsed agency. These disempower educators, students, and communities. Using the case study of the youth empowerment initiative Public Achievement and its translation into the Special Education Program and partnerships of Augsburg College, the authors conclude with an examination of how agentic practices have survived in “shadow spaces” in schools, how such spaces might be turned into “free spaces” for democratic change, and how teacher education needs to prepare “citizen teachers” as well as promoting pedagogies of empowerment. These suggest grounds for a movement of hope and democratic change.