bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Hierarchy and Legalism to Deliberation
Authors: Aiyar Yamini 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter turns its gaze inside the school as the Chunauti reform and subsequent reading mission and Mission Buniyaad were rolled out. It documents the role played by different stakeholders from the reformers to the mentor teachers and deputy directors of education at the district level, in shaping the messages of the reform and captures teacher responses in the classroom. It also examines how the modes of communication of the government—the circulars, whatsapp messages, training sessions—contributed to creating sites of resistance within the school. Through the voices of the frontline administrators it captures chaos, the resistance, the distortion and the excitement, and opportunities opened up by the reforms within the classroom. The chapter presents a window into the trials and triumphs of implementing reform ideas. It also highlights the levers of success that enabled reformers to entrench new ideas these included the role of mentor teachers, reading missions, and mission buniyaad.
Reframing the State Capacity Debate
Authors: Aiyar Yamini 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This concluding chapter present closing arguments. The chapter pulls the key findings together and examines the broader implications of the arguments of this book on the discourse and policy approach to the challenge of state capacity. Through the Delhi experience, it highlights the centrality of listening to, rather than dismissing voices of the frontline as critical to the task of state capacity. It begins by identifying, through Delhi’s reform experience, the key levers that were used to prise open interestices within the existing school system where new learning oriented norms were nurtured. These include deploying mentor teachers as principled agents, repeated contact and engagement with frontline actors and the consistent infusion of mission mode interventions within a larger framework of engineering learning outcomes oriented shifts in the classroom. These are the key building blocks of state capacity. This chapter ends with a call to shift the discourse on state capacity away from a vilification of the frontline and the prevalent approach of bypassing it altogether via the disciplining-plumbing framework, to one that invests and empowers the frontline state. The path to reforms, this chapter argues, requires building relational contracts that shift organizational culture away from dominant legalistic norms to more deliberative ones.
Diagnostic incidence and pitfalls of rete testis hyperplasia and hyaline globules in a multi-institutional study of 348 testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: Potterveld Susan K , Akgul Mahmut , Pacheco Richard , Humble Robert M , Mubeen Aysha , Williamson Sean R , Gosnell Hailey , Sangoi Ankur R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The concept of rete hyperplasia with hyaline globules simulating testicular yolk sac tumor was first reported in a mostly retrospective review over 30 years ago. Nonetheless, we continue to encounter examples where this scenario resulted in misdiagnosis. Herein, we sought to investigate the incidence of rete hyperplasia/hyaline globules in germ cell tumors and their associated subtypes and hypothesize an etiology.

Methods
A consecutive series of 348 germ cell tumor orchiectomies was evaluated for the presence of rete hyperplasia and hyaline globules, with clinicopathologic features recorded.

Results
The incidence of rete hyperplasia and/or hyaline globules in our cohort was 30%, with 56% of specimens with rete hyperplasia containing concomitant hyaline globules. Hyaline globules were more often identified in specimens with nonfocal rete hyperplasia (78%) vs focal rete hyperplasia (22%). Absence of a yolk sac tumor component was seen in over half (61%) of orchiectomies with concurrent rete hyperplasia/hyaline globules (n = 105), inclusive of tumors with “pure” subtypes (ie, pure seminoma, pure teratoma, or pure embryonal carcinoma). Of these 105 specimens, rete invasion was seen in only 48%; notably, Paneth cell–like metaplasia was identified in efferent ductules/epididymis in 13%.

Conclusions
Rete hyperplasia and hyaline globules are not uncommon findings in the setting of germ cell tumors (including occurrences in various pure/mixed germ cell tumors) and can show striking overlap with yolk sac tumor. We hypothesize that these histologic pitfalls evolve secondary to testicular obstruction by the tumor mass. Recognition of and distinguishing this morphologic mimicry is fundamental to guide appropriate clinical management.
Measuring the impact: Severity of harm from laboratory errors in 195 tests
Authors: Çubukçu Hikmet Can , Cihan Murat , Alp Hamit Hakan , Bolat Serkan , Zengi Oğuzhan , Uçar Kamil Taha , Topcu Deniz İlhan , Kılınçkaya Muhammed Fevzi , Özdemir Habib , Gülşen Murat , Canbaz Hayri , Yücel Doğan , Serdar Muhittin Abdulkadir 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to objectively assess the potential severity of harm associated with erroneous results in 195 laboratory tests by surveying 514 specialist physicians and medical biochemistry experts.

Methods
The survey obtained participants’ (75 medical biochemists, 439 clinicians) opinions on severity of harm for the erroneous results of 195 tests. The comprehensive list of errors and their effects on test results were obtained from the literature, and then matched with severity of harm scores, from 1 (negligible effect) to 5 (life-threatening injury/death), obtained from the survey responses.

Results
Participants perceived tests such as cardiac biomarkers, blood gases, coagulation parameters (activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, and dimerized plasmin fragment D), critical ions (potassium, sodium), toxic trace elements (lead, mercury), and specific serum drug levels (lithium, digoxin) to have a greater potential for patient harm in case of errors. Medical biochemistry specialists assigned higher severity scores to some laboratory tests, including total bilirubin, pseudocholinesterase, platelet indices, and some drug levels (cyclosporine, methotrexate, vancomycin).

Conclusions
A substantial agreement (91%) was observed between medical biochemists and clinicians in terms of the most frequently chosen severity of harm score. The study provided objective severity scores and identified high-risk tests for targeted quality improvement.
The Socio-Educational Model: An Evidence-Based Re-evaluation
Authors: Rock David , Danaee Mahmoud 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The socio-educational model suggests that social milieu influences individual characteristics, which in turn affect engagement in learning contexts, ultimately impacting linguistic and non-linguistic outcomes. Operationalized representations of the model tend to focus on relations among integrativeness, attitudes to the learning situation, motivation, language anxiety, and language achievement. While objections to the model exist, recent work has challenged their persuasiveness, and as such, it seems appropriate to re-evaluate the model using new data to elucidate its continuing utility in understanding second language outcomes. The objective of this study was therefore to measure the levels of the aforementioned constructs in an international sample and to determine the degree to which they covaried as predicted by the model. A structural equation modelling study of 278 Malaysian high school students studying English compulsorily in national secondary schools in Malaysia found substantial levels of model constructs and statistically significant relationships between them, implying the model’s potential ongoing utility. Implications for second language learning theorization, educational policy, curriculum design, teaching strategies, global language learning contexts, and further research are explored.
Investigation and determination of CoQ10(H2) and CoQ10(H4) species from black yeast-like fungi and filamentous fungi
Authors: Jumpathong Jomkwan , Nishida Ikuhisa , Matsuo Yasuhiro , Kaino Tomohiro , Kawamukai Makoto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) or ubiquinone functions as an electron transporter in the electron transport system in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The isoprenyl side chain of CoQ is modified in some organisms, especially in fungi, for optimal electron transport performance under various conditions. In this study, we investigated the side chain saturated dihydro CoQ (CoQ10(H2)) in Aureobasidium pullulans EXF-150, Sydowia polyspora NBRC 30562, and naturally isolated Plowrightia sp. A37, all of which are melanized Dothideomycetes species within Ascomycota, and also in filamentous fungi Aspergillus oryzae and A. terreus. Plowrightia sp. A37 produced the rarely synthesized tetrahydro type CoQ10(H4), especially in glucose-rich medium, during extended cultivation in contrast to CoQ10(H2) in time-limited cultivation. Using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, we identified demethoxyubiquinone-H2 (DMQ(H2)) as an indicative intermediate that suggests that the side chain saturation of CoQ occurs after the formation of DMQ and not always in the last step as previously considered.
A formal goodness-of-fit test for spatial binary Markov random field models
Authors: Biswas Eva , Kaplan Andee , Kaiser Mark S , Nordman Daniel J 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Binary spatial observations arise in environmental and ecological studies, where Markov random field (MRF) models are often applied. Despite the prevalence and the long history of MRF models for spatial binary data, appropriate model diagnostics have remained an unresolved issue in practice. A complicating factor is that such models involve neighborhood specifications, which are difficult to assess for binary data. To address this, we propose a formal goodness-of-fit (GOF) test for diagnosing an MRF model for spatial binary values. The test statistic involves a type of conditional Moran’s I based on the fitted conditional probabilities, which can detect departures in model form, including neighborhood structure. Numerical studies show that the GOF test can perform well in detecting deviations from a null model, with a focus on neighborhoods as a difficult issue. We illustrate the spatial test with an application to Besag’s historical endive data as well as the breeding pattern of grasshopper sparrows across Iowa.
Prospective comparative diagnostic performance of quantitative ultrasound parameters for the measurement of hepatic steatosis in a biopsy-proven metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease cohort
Authors: Wang Kun , Bao Jingwen , Wang Minghui , Yu Yanjie , Wang Min 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of attenuation imaging (ATI), shear wave elastography (SWE), and shear wave dispersion (SWD) for detecting and grading hepatic steatosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Methods
Sixty-six patients with MASLD confirmed histopathologically and 34 healthy volunteers who were age/sex-matched were prospectively enrolled in this study. ATI, SWE, and SWD examinations were performed. Fibrosis stage, necroinflammatory activity, and steatosis grade were confirmed histopathologically. Steatosis was graded as follows: S0 (&lt;5%); S1 (5%-32%); S2 (33%-66%) to S3 (&gt;66%). We compared the diagnostic performance of ATI, SWE, and SWD for detecting and grading hepatic steatosis.

Results
Both attenuation coefficient (AC) and SWD values were significantly different among the different hepatic steatosis, and both were correlated with hepatic steatosis. ATI had better diagnostic performance than SWD for detecting and grading hepatic steatosis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of ATI for detecting ≥S1, ≥S2, and =S3 were 0.917 (cut-off value of 0.69 dB/cm/MHz), 0.933 (cut-off value of 0.74 dB/cm/MHz), and 0.870 (cut-off value of 0.82 dB/cm/MHz), respectively. The area under the ROC curve of SWD value was 0.758 (cut-off value of 10.79 m/s/kHz), 0.685 (cut-off value of 12.64 m/s/kHz), and 0.722 (cut-off value of 13.24 m/s/kHz), respectively.

Conclusions
ATI technology is a reliable method for detecting and grading hepatic steatosis in patients with MASLD than SWE and SWD.

Advances in knowledge
We compared the diagnostic performance of ATI, SWE, SWD for detecting and grading hepatic steatosis in patients with MASLD in order to find the best diagnostic parameters.
Unbinding the bindweed psyllid (Bactericera maculipennis [Hemiptera: Triozidae]) from its Convolvulus host exposes it to a novel bacterial symbiont
Authors: Tran Mona , Kenney Jaimie R , Di Costanzo Luigi , Gebiola Marco , Mauck Kerry E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) are herbivores that feed and reproduce on narrow subsets of hosts within a few related genera. During surveys of Solanum umbelliferum (Eschsch) (Solanaceae), we collected multiple life stages of Bactericera maculipennis (Crawford), a species exclusively associated with bindweeds (Convolvulaceae). We hypothesized that B. maculipennis has expanded its host range to include this solanaceous host. To test this, we quantified egg to adult development time on S. umbelliferum, 2 other solanaceous hosts, and Convolvulus arvensis L., the most suitable host for B. maculipennis in North America. B. maculipennis failed to develop on additional solanaceous hosts but developed significantly faster on S. umbelliferum than on C. arvensis. We also sampled for B. maculipennis at 27 S. umbelliferum populations and collected 24 individuals directly from S. umbelliferum plants. We confirmed all individuals are B. maculipennis and found that 10/24 were infected with the plant pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (CLso), which is transmitted by the potato psyllid, B. cockerelli (Šulc). Half of infected individuals harbored CLso haplotype B, which is dominant in crops, but rare in S. umbelliferum. The other 50% harbored CLso haplotype Sumb2, previously documented in S. umbelliferum, but never in crops. Our results suggest that the host range of B. maculipennis has expanded to include a key wild host plant of B. cockerelli. This may create opportunities for exchange of multiple haplotypes of CLso between these 2 species, possibly facilitating the emergence of CLso variants as pathogens of plants in the Convolvulaceae.
Caesarean section and operative vaginal delivery in Estonia and Finland from 1992 to 2016: registry-based study
Authors: Sildver Kaire , Veerus Piret , Gissler Mika , Lang Katrin , Pisarev Heti 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Proportion of normal deliveries is decreasing worldwide. This study analysed operative vaginal deliveries (OVD) and Caesarean sections (CS) with some background factors in Estonia and Finland from 1992 to 2016. Data on all deliveries from 1992 to 2016 were obtained from the Finnish Medical Birth Registry (1 481 160 births) and the Estonian Medical Birth Registry (356 063 births). Time trends were analysed by joinpoint regression, and factors associated with OVD and CS by logistic regression. Odds ratios with 95% CIs were calculated, adjusted for year, maternal age, foetal birthweight, and use of epidural/spinal anaesthesia. One out of four deliveries were operative in Estonia and in Finland by 2016. By 2016, the Estonian CS rate had tripled to 20.9% and the OVD rate had increased by nine times to 5.6%. In Finland, the CS rate increased slightly to 16.4% while the OVD rate nearly doubled to 9.4%. In Estonia, the incidence of OVD was 24% lower (aOR 0.76, 95% Cl 0.74–0.78) and the incidence of CS 9% higher (aOR 1.09, 95% Cl 1.07–1.10) than in Finland. Use of epidural/spinal anaesthesia and foetal birthweight increased the risk of OVD in both countries, maternal age increased the risk of CS in both countries. Even if the CS and OVD rates are different, operative delivery rates may be similar in different countries. Combined analysis of operative deliveries together with background factors gives a better understanding of the trends in birthcare than monitoring CS rates alone.
Biological soil crusts significantly improve soil fertility and change soil microbiomes in Qinghai–Tibetan alpine grasslands
Authors: Wang Zelin , Liu Kaifang , Du Yuan , Chen Danhong , Li Ting , Chi Yuan , Zhang Song , Che Rongxiao , Liu Dong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Biological soil crusts (BSCs), a vital component of ecosystems, are pivotal in carbon sequestration, nutrient enrichment, and microbial diversity conservation. However, their impact on soil microbiomes in alpine regions remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the influence of BSCs on alpine grassland soil microbiomes, by collecting 24 pairs of soils covered by biological and physical crusts along a transect on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. We found that BSCs significantly increased the contents of soil moisture, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and many available nutrients. They also substantially altered the soil microbiomes. Specifically, BSCs significantly increased the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, and Ascomycota, while decreasing the proportions of Gemmatimonadota, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Mortierellomycota, and Glomeromycota. By contrast, microbial abundance and α-diversity demonstrated low sensitivity to BSCs across most study sites. Under the BSCs, the assembly of prokaryotic communities was more affected by homogeneous selection and drift, but less affected by dispersal limitation. Conversely, soil fungal community assembly mechanisms showed an inverse trend. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the effects of BSCs on soil properties and microbial communities, offering vital insights into the ecological roles of BSCs.
Status Orders: Toward a Local Understanding of Status Dynamics in World Politics
Authors: Røren Pål 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This analytical essay highlights the importance of status orders in the study of status and prestige in world politics. Drawing on recent research in the field, I argue that understanding the particular social structures that regulate the status dynamics within social collectives is crucial to understanding how actors seek and receive status in world politics. I review the literature on status in IR and introduce the concept of status orders as context-specific and local social structures that determine what is considered prestigious within a particular group, community, or club. Using examples from war-making, nuclear weapons, and diplomatic practice, I argue that the fact that status dynamics is often produced locally and not globally forces us to focus less on “universal” aspirations for status, and more on where that actor sought status from and eventually according to which yardstick that actor experienced a change in status.
Development of bacterial bioformulations using response surface methodology
Authors: Priyanka  , Kumar Shashi , Sharma Shilpi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim
Bacterial consortia exhibiting plant growth promoting properties have emerged as a sustainable approach for crop improvement. As the main challenge associated with them is loss of viability and performance under natural conditions, a robust approach for designing bioformulation is needed. In this study, an efficient bioformulation was developed using spontaneous mutants of three bacterial strains for growth promotion of Cajanus cajan.

Methods and results
Optimization of additives for solid [carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and glycerol] and liquid [polysorbate, CMC, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)] bioformulations was done by response surface methodology using central composite design. The stability of each bioinoculant in the formulation was assessed at 30°C and 4°C. The efficiency of the liquid bioformulation was checked in planta in sterile, and subsequently in non-sterile, soil. The maximum cell count was observed in solid bioformulation with 0.1 g l−1 CMC and 50% glycerol (8.10 × 108, 3.69 × 108, and 7.39 × 108 CFU g-1 for Priestia megaterium, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Pseudomonas sp. SK3, respectively) and in liquid bioformulation comprising 1% PVP, 0.1 g l−1 CMC, and 0.025% polysorbate (8 × 109, 3.8 × 109, and 6.82 × 109 CFU ml-1 for P. megaterium, A. chroococcum, and Pseudomonas sp. SK3, respectively). The bioinoculants showed a higher viability (6 months) at 4°C compared to 30°C. Triple culture consortium enhanced plant growth in comparison to the control. The strains could be detected in soil till 45 days after sowing.

Conclusions
The study established a systematic process for developing a potent bioformulation to promote agricultural sustainability. Using mutant strains, the bioinoculants could be tracked. In planta assays revealed that the triple culture consortium out-performed mono and dual cultures in terms of impact on plant growth.
Molecular mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated acute kidney injury in juvenile rats and the protective role of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Zhu Li-Ran , Cui Wei , Liu Hai-Peng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study examined the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in pediatric acute kidney injury and the therapeutic effect of midbrain astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor.

Methods
Two-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into: Sham, ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF)-treated, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA)-treated. Analyses were conducted 24 h post-treatment. Serum creatinine, cystatin C, Albumin, MANF levels were measured, cytokine concentrations in serum and renal tissues were determined using a Luminex assay. Histopathology was assessed via light and electron microscopy. Western blotting and RT-qPCR analyzed markers for oxidative stress, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and autophagy. HK-2 cells underwent hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to simulate AKI and were treated with MANF or TUDCA.

Results
AKI rats had increased serum creatinine, cystatin C, and inflammatory cytokines, along with significant renal damage, and showed loose and swollen ER structures, reduced cell proliferation, and elevated levels of IRE1, PERK, ATF6, CHOP, LC3-II/I, KIM-1, TLR4, JNK, and NF-κB. MANF treatment reduced these biomarkers and protein levels, improved ER structure and cell proliferation, alleviated oxidative stress, apoptosis, ER stress, and inhibited JNK/TLR4/NF-κB signaling. In HK-2 cells, MANF reduced ER stress and inflammation post-H/R exposure.

Conclusions
MANF treatment alleviates ER stress, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in pediatric AKI, improving renal function and morphology.