bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplay between bone marrow adiposity and bone resorption in RANKL‐mediated modelled osteoporosis
Authors: Rinotas Vagelis , Gkikopoulou Evi , Tzortzis Efthymiοs , Kritikos Konstantinos , Siatra Panagiota , Papadopoulos Apostolos , Perivolidi Vasiliki‐Iris , Douni Eleni 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) accrues in osteoporosis, whereas its contribution to the progression of bone resorption remains insufficiently understood. To understand the mechanisms that promote BMAT expansion in osteoporosis, in the present study, we performed extensive analysis of the spatiotemporal pattern of BMAT expansion during the progression of bone resorption in TgRANKL transgenic mouse models of osteoporosis expressing human RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand). Our results showed that TgRANKL mice of both sexes developed dramatically increased BMAT expansion compared to wild‐type (WT) littermates, that was analogous to the levels of RANKL expression and the severity of the bone loss phenotype. BMAT was formed at close proximity to areas undergoing active bone remodelling and bone resorption, whereas bone resorption preceded BMAT development. Expression analysis in bone fractions demonstrated that BMAT constitutes a major source for RANKL production. Ex vivo analysis of isolated bone marrow stromal cells from TgRANKL mice showed an increased adipogenic differentiation capacity compared to WT, while osteoclast supernatants further exaggerated adipogenesis, supporting a critical role of the osteoclast‐derived secretome in the differentiation of bone marrow adipocytes. Furthermore, the effectiveness of an antiosteoporosis treatment in BMAT development was investigated upon treatment of TgRANKL models with the bisphosphonate alendronate. Notably, alendronate effectively improved bone mass and attenuated BMAT expansion, indicating a possible involvement of osteoclasts and bone resorption in BMAT development. On the contrary, inhibition of BMAT with PPARγ antagonists (GW9662 or BADGE) effectively ameliorated BMAT expansion but failed to reverse the osteoporotic phenotype of TgRANKL mice. Overall, our data demonstrate that TgRANKL mice constitute unique genetic mouse models for investigating the pathogenic mechanisms that regulate the development and expansion of BMAT in osteolytic diseases.
The maximum number of pentagons in a planar graph
Authors: Győri Ervin , Paulos Addisu , Salia Nika , Tompkins Casey , Zamora Oscar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn 1979, Hakimi and Schmeichel considered the problem of maximizing the number of cycles of a given length in an ‐vertex planar graph. They precisely determined the maximum number of triangles and four‐cycles and presented a conjecture for the maximum number of pentagons. In this work, we confirm their conjecture. Even more, we characterize the ‐vertex, planar graphs with the maximum number of pentagons.
Mn(III)‐Based Oxidation of (Methylene)Bis(Cyclodiamide)s. Facile Synthesis of Tetraazadispiro‐(Undecanone)s and ‐(Tridecanone)s
Authors: Kamachi Haruki , Toki Takumi , Nakamura Ayaka , Nishino Hiroshi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe oxidation of 5,5′‐(methylene)bis(6‐hydroxy‐1,3‐dimethylpyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione) monopiperidinium salts with Mn(OAc)3•2H2O was carried out in boiling MeCN, producing 2,4,9,11‐tetramethyl‐2,4,9,11‐tetraazadispiro[5.0.57.16]tridecane‐1,3,5,8,10,12‐hexaones in high yields. A similar reaction using 4,4′‐(methylene)bis(1,2‐diphenylpyrazolidine‐3,5‐dione)s gave 2,3,8,9‐tetraphenyl‐2,3,8,9‐tetraazadispiro[4.0.46.15]undecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraones in good yields. The structure determination and the reaction mechanism for the formation of the unique tetraazadispiro(cyclopropane)s are discussed.
Precaudal Vertebrae in the Postcranial Region of Moray Eels Form Ventral Processes
Authors: Usui Yuu , Yamane Naoki , Hanashima Akira , Hashimoto Ken , Kanaoka Yuji , Mohri Satoshi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTFish vertebrae are primarily morphologically classified into precaudal vertebrae jointed to the ribs and caudal vertebrae with hemal spines, through which the caudal artery and veins pass. Moray eels (family Muraenidae) capture prey by directly biting, combining oral and pharyngeal jaw. During feeding motions, they exhibit various head manipulations, such as neurocranial elevation, ventral flexion, and horizontal shaking, with their postcranial region acting like the neck of amniotes. However, the bone morphology supporting these movements remains unclear. In this study, the vertebral morphologies of the Kidako moray (Gymnothorax kidako), starry moray (Echidna nebulosa), pink‐lipped moray (Echidna rhodochilus), tidepool snake moray (Uropterygius micropterus), and Seychelles moray (Anarchias seychellensis) were investigated using X‐ray computed tomography. These five species exhibited longitudinal ventral processes in the second to approximately 12th precaudal vertebrae with canals for blood vessels, structurally similar to hemal spines. In addition, the morphology of the precaudal vertebrae in three Anguilliformes species closely related to moray eels and two Gasterosteiformes species, including a seahorse that flexes its head ventrally as a feeding motion, was compared with that of moray eels. However, no remarkable ventral processes were observed in their precaudal vertebrae in the postcranial region, suggesting that these structural features in the postcranial vertebrae were preserved in Muraenidae but not necessarily required for the fish to bend its head ventrally. Although the functional significance of the ventral process has yet to be determined, our findings highlight a novel aspect of fish vertebral morphology.
Learning in radiation oncology: 12‐month experience with a new incident learning system
Authors: Crouch Krystle , Adamson Laura , Beldham‐Collins Rachael , Sykes Jonathan , Thwaites David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionSafety and quality improvement are essential to clinical practice in radiation therapy as planning and treatment increase in complexity and sophistication. An incident learning system (ILS) is a safety and quality improvement tool that can aid risk mitigation to improve patient safety and quality of care. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of implementing a new e‐ILS, Learning In Radiation ONcology (LIRON), on reporting and safety culture within a local health district (LHD).MethodsThe ILS (LIRON) was implemented in 2020 with the intent of tracking actual incidents, near misses and procedural non‐compliances for analysis of root causes and contributing factors. A survey was conducted after 12 months of LIRON use, and distributed to radiation oncologists, radiation therapists and radiation oncology medical physicists within the LHD. Results were compared with the responses to a pre‐ILS implementation survey, to review changes in staff perceptions of safety culture, barriers to reporting and ILS understanding.ResultsSurvey response rates were similar at baseline and at the 12‐month follow‐up, 64% and 63%, respectively. Findings showed increased ILS participation (49–71%), increased perception of no barriers to reporting (34–43%) and increased encouragement to report (37–43%). Greater confidence in the department's ability to learn from the ILS was evident (24–46%).ConclusionInitial findings of LIRON implementation show positive impact but warrant further long‐term review for greater understanding of its impact on staff perceptions, safety culture and improving departmental processes.
A humanized ACE2 mouse model recapitulating age‐ and sex‐dependent immunopathogenesis of COVID‐19
Authors: Park Uni , Lee Jae Hoon , Kim Uijin , Jeon Kyeongseok , Kim Yuri , Kim Hyeran , Kang Ju‐il , Park Mi Yeon , Park Sun Ha , Cha Jeong Seok , Yoon Ga‐Yeon , Jeong Da‐Eun , Kim Taehun , Oh Songhyeok , Yoon Sang Ho , Jin Liyuan , Ahn Yoojin , Lim Min Yeong , Han Seung Ro , Kim Hye Young , Kim Myoung‐Hwan , Zhang Yin Hua , Kang Jun‐Gu , Lee Myung‐Shin , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Cho Hyun‐Soo , Lee Han‐Woong , Cho Nam‐Hyuk 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the ongoing battle against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), understanding its pathogenesis and developing effective treatments remain critical challenges. The creation of animal models that closely replicate human infection stands as a critical step forward in this research. Here, we present a genetically engineered mouse model with specifically‐humanized knock‐in ACE2 (hiACE2) receptors. This model, featuring nine specific amino acid substitutions for enhanced interaction with the viral spike protein, enables efficient severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 replication in respiratory organs without detectable infection in the central nervous system. Moreover, it mirrors the age‐ and sex‐specific patterns of morbidity and mortality, as well as the immunopathological features observed in human COVID‐19 cases. Our findings further demonstrate that the depletion of eosinophils significantly reduces morbidity and mortality, depending on the infecting viral dose and the sex of the host. This reduction is potentially achieved by decreasing the pathogenic contribution of eosinophil‐mediated inflammation, which is strongly correlated with neutrophil activity in human patients. This underscores the model's utility in studying the immunopathological aspects of COVID‐19 and represents a significant advancement in COVID‐19 modeling. It offers a valuable tool for testing vaccines and therapeutics, enhancing our understanding of the disease mechanisms and potentially guiding more targeted and effective treatments.
Mechanically compliant locking plates for diaphyseal fracture fixation: A biomechanical study
Authors: Huxman Connor , Lewis Gregory , Armstrong April , Updegrove Gary , Koroneos Zachary , Butler Jared 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAxial micromotion between bone fragments can stimulate callus formation and fracture healing. In this study, we propose a novel mechanically compliant locking plate which achieves up to 0.6 mm of interfragmentary motion as flexures machined into the plate elastically deflect under physiological load. We investigated the biomechanical performance of three compliant plate variations in comparison to rigid control plates with small and large working lengths in a comminuted bridge plating scenario using humeral diaphysis surrogates. Under static axial loading, average interfragmentary motion was 6 times larger at 100 N (0.38 vs. 0.05 mm) and nearly three times larger at 350 N (0.58 vs. 0.2 mm) for compliant plates than rigid plates, respectively. Compliant plates delivered between 2.5 and 3.4 times more symmetric interfragmentary motion than rigid plates (p < 0.01). The bi‐phasic stiffness of compliant pates provided 74%–96% lower initial axial stiffness up to approximately 100 N (p < 0.01), after which compliant plate stiffness was similar to rigid plates with increased working length (p > 0.3). The strength to failure of compliant plates under dynamic loading was on average 48%–55% lower than rigid plate groups (p < 0.01); however, all plates survived cyclic fatigue loading of 100,000 cycles at 350 N. This work characterizes the improvement in interfragmentary motion and the reduction in strength to failure of compliant plates compared to control rigid plates. Compliant plates may offer potential in comminuted fracture healing due to their ability to deliver symmetric interfragmentary motion into the range known to stimulate callus formation while surviving moderate fatigue loading with no signs of failure.
Preparation, characterization and heat release behavior of inclusion complexes formed between carvone or limonene and acyclic cucurbit[n]urils
Authors: Yao Yi , Zhou Chao , Guo Xue , Ding Jiawei , Si Tian , Yang Bo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarvone and limonene are naturally occurring monoterpenoids with unique aromas, making them valuable substances in synthetic fragrance production. However, their application is limited due to low stability and rapid volatilization. To address this challenge, host–guest complexes offer a promising solution.RESULTSIn this study, two acyclic cucurbit[n]urils were synthesized to form inclusion complexes with carvone and limonene, aiming to enhance their thermal stability and achieve excellent heat release properties. The binding behavior of the complexes was investigated using NMR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and molecular bonding analyses, confirming the formation of host–guest inclusion complexes.CONCLUSIONOur study successfully prepared four inclusion complexes (M1/CA, M2/CA, M1/LI, M2/LI) and characterized them using NMR, XRD and FTIR techniques. These complexes exhibited a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, and their binding constants were determined through fluorescence titration. The thermal controlled release experiment shows that the degree of carvone and limonene release is different with a change of temperature, indicating that the inclusion complexes have good thermally controlled release performance, and the thermal release retention rate has a certain correlation with KS value. The larger the KS value, the higher the thermal release retention rate of the inclusion complexes, the lower the volatilization of the inclusion complexes, the longer the retention time and the better the thermal stability. This study presents a novel approach for developing carvone‐ and limonene‐based fragrances, expanding their application potential in various industries. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subjective assessment of visual fidelity: Comparison of forced‐choice methods
Authors: Au Domenic , Mohona Sanjida Sharmin , Wilcox Laurie M. , Allison Robert S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIncreases in display resolution, frame rate, and bit depth, particularly with advances in stereoscopic 3D (S3D) displays, have increased demand for efficient compression throughout the imaging pipeline. To meet such requirements, typically the aim is to reduce bandwidth while presenting content that is visually indistinguishable from the original uncompressed versions. Subjective image quality assessment is essential and multiple methods have been proposed. Of these, the ISO/IEC 29170‐2 flicker paradigm is a rigorous method used to define visually lossless performance. However, it is possible that the enhanced sensitivity to artifacts in the presence of flicker does not predict visibility under natural viewing conditions. Here, we test this prediction using high‐dynamic range S3D images and video under flicker and non‐flicker protocols. As hypothesized, sensitivity to artifacts was greater when using the flicker paradigm, but no differences were observed between the non‐flicker paradigms. Results were modeled using the Pyramid of Visibility, which predicted artifact detection driven by moderately low spatial frequencies. Overall, our results confirm the flicker paradigm is a conservative estimate of visually lossless behavior; it is highly unlikely to miss artifacts that would be visible under normal viewing. Conversely, artifacts identified by the flicker protocol may not be problematic in practice.
Evaluation of Postoperative Anastomotic Patency in Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis Using Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Suzuki Yushi , Kajita Hiroki , Otaki Marika , Watanabe Shiho , Nagashima Hayato , Okabe Keisuke , Imanishi Nobuaki , Sakuma Hisashi , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesLymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is a surgical technique used to alleviate lymphedema by bypassing the lymphatic and venous vessels and facilitating lymphatic fluid drainage. Accurate evaluation of anastomotic patency is crucial for assessing LVA outcomes. Traditional near‐infrared fluorescence lymphography has limitations, including fluorescence diffusion in subcutaneous fat and difficulty evaluating areas beneath the dermal backflow. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a potential alternative for high‐resolution visualization of lymphatic and blood vessels. We aimed to evaluate the utility of PAI for assessing LVA patency.MethodsUsing the LUB0 PAI system, we examined patients who underwent LVA. Imaging was conducted using subcutaneously injected indocyanine green (ICG) to visualize lymphatic vessels.ResultsResults showed clear patency in some cases, inability to evaluate it in others, and confirmed occlusion in certain instances.ConclusionsWhile PAI provides valuable insights, challenges remain, including the potential for ambiguous results from the intermittent nature of lymphatic flow and difficulty visualizing low‐ICG‐concentration lymphatic vessels. Nonetheless, PAI offers a promising method for detailed 3D evaluation of anastomoses. It may improve surgical outcomes and contribute to future evidence in the field. Further advancements, including real‐time video assessment, may enhance the accuracy and reliability of LVA patency evaluation.
The set of injections and the set of surjections on a set
Authors: Kamkru Natthajak , Sonpanow Nattapon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the relationships between the cardinalities of the set of injections, the set of surjections, and the set of all functions on a set which is of cardinality , denoted by , and , respectively. Among our results, we show that “”, “” and “” are provable for an arbitrary infinite cardinal , and these are the best possible results, in the Zermelo‐Fraenkel set theory () without the Axiom of Choice. Also, we show that it is relatively consistent with that there exists an infinite cardinal such that where denotes the cardinality of the set of bijections on a set which is of cardinality .
Stretchable and Elastic Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Liquid‐Metal Grid–Patterned Single Electrode for Wearable Energy‐Harvesting Devices
Authors: Wei Yuwen , Bhuyan Priyanuj , Zhang Qingshi , Kim Sihyun , Bae Yejin , Singh Mukesh , Park Sungjune 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have garnered significant attention as efficient energy‐harvesting systems for sustainable energy sources in the field of self‐powered wearable devices. Various conductive materials are used to build wearable devices, among which, gallium‐based liquid metal (LM) is a preferred electrode owing to its fluidity and metallic conductivity even when strained. In this study, a stretchable, elastic, and wearable triboelectric nanogenerator is designed using a single electrode fabricated by embedding LM grid patterns into a stretchable silicone substrate through a two‐step spray‐coating process. Contrary to conventional double‐electrode TENG that is challenging to integrate to human body, the LM grid‐patterned single‐electrode TENG (LMG‐SETENG) has a simplified design and provides more flexibility. The LMG‐SETENG can generate voltages of up to 100 V via triboelectrification upon contact with the human body, even under various degrees of strain, owing to the fluidity of the LM electrode. The generated energy can be utilized as a sustainable energy source to power various small appliances. Moreover, the proposed LMG‐SETENG can be utilized in soft robotics, electronic skin, and healthcare devices.
Single center experience with hourglass‐like constriction neuropathy of suprascapular nerve
Authors: Im Yu Jin , Lee Ji Hyun , Yoon Young Cheol , Shim Jae Woo , Kim Du Hwan , Sung Duk Hyun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsHourglass‐like constriction (HGC) may occur in several peripheral nerves. However, data on the prognosis of motor weakness in patients with HGC of the suprascapular nerve (SSN) are limited compared with other nerves. Here, we aimed to describe the clinical and imaging features of HGC of the SSN.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with suprascapular neuropathy using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or electrodiagnostic studies over 16 years. After excluding extrinsic causes, patients with HGC of the SSN detected using MRI were included.ResultsFourteen patients with HGC of the SSN were identified. MRI revealed that all HGCs were located between the origin of the SSN from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus and the suprascapular notch. Seven patients exhibited HGC precisely at the origin of the SSN from the brachial plexus. Four patients showed T2 hyperintensity of the SSN extending to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus or the extraforaminal cervical root. The initial treatments included observation (n = 1), steroid therapy (n = 12), suprascapular notch release (n = 1). Of the 12 patients with a sufficient follow‐up period, nine fully recovered from motor weakness of the SSN with non‐operative treatments. Six of the nine patients who recovered fully experienced their first clinical improvement more than 6 months after onset.DiscussionTreatment strategies for HGC differ depending on the affected nerve. For HGC of the SSN, due to the high spontaneous recovery rate observed in our study, conservative management for at least 6 months should be initially considered.
Evaluating ChatGPT as a Patient Education Tool for COVID‐19‐Induced Olfactory Dysfunction
Authors: Sina Elliott M. , Campbell Daniel J. , Duffy Alexander , Mandloi Shreya , Benedict Peter , Farquhar Douglas , Unsal Aykut , Nyquist Gurston 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveWhile most patients with COVID‐19‐induced olfactory dysfunction (OD) recover spontaneously, those with persistent OD face significant physical and psychological sequelae. ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chatbot, has grown as a tool for patient education. This study seeks to evaluate the quality of ChatGPT‐generated responses for COVID‐19 OD.Study DesignQuantitative observational study.SettingPublicly available online website.MethodsChatGPT (GPT‐4) was queried 4 times with 30 identical questions. Prior to questioning, Chat‐GPT was “prompted” to respond (1) to a patient, (2) to an eighth grader, (3) with references, and (4) no prompt. Answer accuracy was independently scored by 4 rhinologists using the Global Quality Score (GCS, range: 1‐5). Proportions of responses at incremental score thresholds were compared using χ2 analysis. Flesch‐Kincaid grade level was calculated for each answer. Relationship between prompt type and grade level was assessed via analysis of variance.ResultsAcross all graded responses (n = 480), 364 responses (75.8%) were “at least good” (GCS ≥ 4). Proportions of responses that were “at least good” (P < .0001) or “excellent” (GCS = 5) (P < .0001) differed by prompt; “at least moderate” (GCS ≥ 3) responses did not (P = .687). Eighth‐grade level (14.06 ± 2.3) and patient‐friendly (14.33 ± 2.0) responses were significantly lower mean grade level than no prompting (P < .0001).ConclusionChatGPT provides appropriate answers to most questions on COVID‐19 OD regardless of prompting. However, prompting influences response quality and grade level. ChatGPT responds at grade levels above accepted recommendations for presenting medical information to patients. Currently, ChatGPT offers significant potential for patient education as an adjunct to the conventional patient‐physician relationship.