bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precipitation in a warming world: Assessing projected hydro-climate changes in California and other Mediterranean climate regions
Authors: Polade Suraj D. , Gershunov Alexander , Cayan Daniel R. , Dettinger Michael D. , Pierce David W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn most Mediterranean climate (MedClim) regions around the world, global climate models (GCMs) consistently project drier futures. In California, however, projections of changes in annual precipitation are inconsistent. Analysis of daily precipitation in 30 GCMs reveals patterns in projected hydrometeorology over each of the five MedClm regions globally and helps disentangle their causes. MedClim regions, except California, are expected to dry via decreased frequency of winter precipitation. Frequencies of extreme precipitation, however, are projected to increase over the two MedClim regions of the Northern Hemisphere where projected warming is strongest. The increase in heavy and extreme precipitation is particularly robust over California, where it is only partially offset by projected decreases in low-medium intensity precipitation. Over the Mediterranean Basin, however, losses from decreasing frequency of low-medium-intensity precipitation are projected to dominate gains from intensifying projected extreme precipitation. MedClim regions are projected to become more sub-tropical, i.e. made dryer via pole-ward expanding subtropical subsidence. California’s more nuanced hydrological future reflects a precarious balance between the expanding subtropical high from the south and the south-eastward extending Aleutian low from the north-west. These dynamical mechanisms and thermodynamic moistening of the warming atmosphere result in increased horizontal water vapor transport, bolstering extreme precipitation events.
A somatotopic bidirectional hand prosthesis with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation based sensory feedback
Authors: D’Anna Edoardo , Petrini Francesco M. , Artoni Fiorenzo , Popovic Igor , Simanić Igor , Raspopovic Stanisa , Micera Silvestro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAccording to amputees, sensory feedback is amongst the most important features lacking from commercial prostheses. Although restoration of touch by means of implantable neural interfaces has been achieved, these approaches require surgical interventions, and their long-term usability still needs to be fully investigated. Here, we developed a non-invasive alternative which maintains some of the advantages of invasive approaches, such as a somatotopic sensory restitution scheme. We used transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to induce referred sensations to the phantom hand of amputees. These sensations were characterized in four amputees over two weeks. Although the induced sensation was often paresthesia, the location corresponded to parts of the innervation regions of the median and ulnar nerves, and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings confirmed the presence of appropriate responses in relevant cortical areas. Using these sensations as feedback during bidirectional prosthesis control, the patients were able to perform several functional tasks that would not be possible otherwise, such as applying one of three levels of force on an external sensor. Performance during these tasks was high, suggesting that this approach could be a viable alternative to the more invasive solutions, offering a trade-off between the quality of the sensation, and the invasiveness of the intervention.
Pandemic 2009 H1N1 Influenza Venus reporter virus reveals broad diversity of MHC class II-positive antigen-bearing cells following infection in vivo
Authors: DiPiazza Anthony , Nogales Aitor , Poulton Nicholas , Wilson Patrick C. , Martínez-Sobrido Luis , Sant Andrea J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlthough it is well established that Influenza A virus infection is initiated in the respiratory tract, the sequence of events and the cell types that become infected or access viral antigens remains incompletely understood. In this report, we used a novel Influenza A/California/04/09 (H1N1) reporter virus that stably expresses the Venus fluorescent protein to identify antigen-bearing cells over time in a mouse model of infection using flow cytometry. These studies revealed that many hematopoietic cells, including subsets of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils and eosinophils acquire influenza antigen in the lungs early post-infection. Surface staining of the viral HA revealed that most cell populations become infected, most prominently CD45negcells, alveolar macrophages and neutrophils. Finally, differences in infection status, cell lineage and MHC class II expression by antigen-bearing cells correlated with differences in their ability to re-stimulate influenza-specific CD4 T cellsex vivo. Collectively, these studies have revealed the cellular heterogeneity and complexity of antigen-bearing cells within the lung and their potential as targets of antigen recognition by CD4 T cells.
Cytoglobin Promotes Cardiac Progenitor Cell Survival against Oxidative Stress via the Upregulation of the NFκB/iNOS Signal Pathway and Nitric Oxide Production
Authors: Zhang Shuning , Li Xiuchun , Jourd’heuil Frances L. , Qu Shunlin , Devejian Neil , Bennett Edward , Jourd’heuil David , Cai Chuanxi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHuman cardiac stem/progenitor cells (hCPCs) may serve in regenerative medicine to repair the infarcted heart. However, this approach is severely limited by the poor survival of donor cells. Recent studies suggest that the mammalian globin cytoglobin (CYGB) regulates nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and cell death. In the present study, we found that CYGB is expressed in hCPCs. Through molecular approaches aimed at increasing or decreasing CYGB expression in hCPCs, we found that CYGB functions as a pro-survival factor in response to oxidative stress. This was associated with the upregulation of primary antioxidant systems such as peroxiredoxins-1, heme oxygenase-1, and anti-apoptotic factors, including BCL2, BCL-XL, and MCL1. Most significantly, we established that CYGB increased the expression of NFкB-dependent genes including iNOS, and that iNOS-dependent NO production was required for a feedforward loop that maintains CYGB expression. Our study delineates for the first time a role for a globin in regulating hCPC survival and establishes mechanistic insights in the function of CYGB. It provides a rationale for the exploration of the CYGB pathway as a molecular target that can be used to enhance the effectiveness of cardiac stem/progenitor cell therapy for ischemic heart disease.
Adaptive mutations of neuraminidase stalk truncation and deglycosylation confer enhanced pathogenicity of influenza A viruses
Authors: Park Sehee , Il Kim Jin , Lee Ilseob , Bae Joon-Yong , Yoo Kirim , Nam Misun , Kim Juwon , Sook Park Mee , Song Ki-Joon , Song Jin-Won , Kee Sun-Ho , Park Man-Seong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIt has been noticed that neuraminidase (NA) stalk truncation has arisen from evolutionary adaptation of avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry. We identified this molecular alteration after the adaptation of a 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus (pH1N1) in BALB/c mice. The mouse-adapted pH1N1 lost its eight consecutive amino acids including one potential N-linked glycosite from the NA stalk region. To explore the relationship of NA stalk truncation or deglycosylation with viral pathogenicity changes, we generated NA stalk mutant viruses on the pH1N1 backbone by reverse genetics. Intriguingly, either NA stalk truncation or deglycosylation changed pH1N1 into a lethal virus to mice by resulting in extensive pathologic transformation in the mouse lungs and systemic infection affecting beyond the respiratory organs in mice. The increased pathogenicity of these NA stalk mutants was also reproduced in ferrets. In further investigation using a human-infecting H7N9 avian IAV strain, NA stalk truncation or deglycosylation enhanced the replication property and pathogenicity of H7N9 NA stalk mutant viruses in the same mouse model. Taken together, our results suggest that NA stalk truncation or deglycosylation can be the pathogenic determinants of seasonal influenza viruses associated with the evolutionary adaptation of IAVs.
Refractive index engineering through swift heavy ion irradiation of LiNbO3 crystal towards improved light guidance
Authors: Chen Chen , Pang Lilong , Lu Qingming , Wang Lei , Tan Yang , Wang Zhiguang , Chen Feng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSwift heavy ion irradiation has been widely used to modify refractive indices of optical materials for waveguide fabrication. In this work, we propose refractive index engineering by swift heavy ion (Ar) irradiation via electronic energy deposition to construct waveguides of diverse geometries in LiNbO3 crystal. The feasibility to modulate the refractive index of LiNbO3 crystal at variable depths through electronic energy depositions of argon ions at different energies has been experimentally explored. The surface and cladding-like optical waveguides with thicknesses of ~13, ~36 and ~23 μm have been produced by using swift Ar ion irradiation at single energy of ~120, ~240, and double energy of (120 + 240) MeV, respectively. The fabricated waveguides are capable of effective waveguiding in single and multiple modes at 1064 nm, which enables efficient guided-wave second harmonic generation at room temperature. This work paves the way to produce waveguides with diverse geometries in dielectric crystals through electronic damage of multiple swift heavy ion irradiation.
Thermal activation energy of 3D vortex matter in NaFe1−x
Co
x
As (x = 0.01, 0.03 and 0.07) single crystals
Authors: Choi W. J. , Seo Y. I. , Ahmad D. , Kwon Yong Seung 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report on the thermally activated flux flow dependency on the doping dependent mixed state in NaFe1−x
Co
x
As (x = 0.01, 0.03, and 0.07) crystals using the magnetoresistivity in the case of B//c-axis and B//ab-plane. It was found clearly that irrespective of the doping ratio, magnetoresistivity showed a distinct tail just above the Tc,offset associated with the thermally activated flux flow (TAFF) in our crystals. Furthermore, in TAFF region the temperature dependence of the activation energy follows the relation $$U(T,B)={U}_{0}(B){(1-T/{T}_{c})}^{q}$$
U

(

T
,
B

)

=

U

0

(
B
)

(

1
−
T
/

T

c

)

q

with q = 1.5 in all studied crystals. The magnetic field dependence of the activation energy follows a power law of $${U}_{0}(B)\sim {B}^{-\alpha }$$

U

0

(
B
)

∼

B

−
α

where the exponent α is changed from a low value to a high value at a crossover field of B = ∼2 T, indicating the transition from collective to plastic pinning in the crystals. Finally, it is suggested that the 3D vortex phase is the dominant phase in the low temperature region as compared to the TAFF region in our series samples.
Virome analysis for identification of novel mammalian viruses in bats from Southeast China
Authors: Hu Dan , Zhu Changqiang , Wang Yi , Ai Lele , Yang Lu , Ye Fuqiang , Ding Chenxi , Chen Jiafeng , He Biao , Zhu Jin , Qian Hui , Xu Wenrong , Feng Youjun , Tan Weilong , Wang Changjun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBats have been shown as important mammal resevoirs to carry a variety of zoonotic pathogens. To analyze pathogenic species in bats from southeast coastal regions of China, we performed metagenomic sequencing technology for high throughput sequencing of six sentinels from southeast coastal area of China. We obtained 5,990,261 high quality reads from intestine and lung tissue of 235 bats, including 2,975,371 assembled sequences. 631,490 reads predicted overlapping sequences for the open reading frame (ORF), which accounts for 2.37% of all the sequences (15,012/631,490). Further, the acquired virus sequences were classified into 25 viral families, including 16 vertebrate viruses, four plant viruses and five insect viruses. All bat samples were screened by specific PCR and phylogenetic analysis. Using these techniques, we discovered many novel bat viruses and some bat viruses closely-related to known human/animal pathogens, including coronavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, bocavirus, astrovirus, and circovirus. In summary, this study extended our understanding of bats as the viral reservoirs. Additionally, it also provides a basis for furher studying the transmission of viruses from bats to humans.
Association between Insomnia and Metabolic Syndrome in a Chinese Han Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wang Yan , Jiang Tian , Wang Xiaoqiang , Zhao Jianrong , Kang Jinwang , Chen Min , Wang Haifang , Niu Lili , Wang Youxin , Zhou Yong , Wu Jing , Fu Hui , Cai Zhaoyang , Li Zemin , Chen Junzheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe association between insomnia and metabolic syndrome remains unclear, especially among different-aged groups. A cross-sectional study with 8017 participants was performed to identify whether insomnia was associated with metabolic syndrome or not. Demographic characteristics, lifestyles and other risk factors were collected using a predesigned, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire, and physical examinations were conducted by certificated community physicians. Insomnia was not independently associated with metabolic syndrome across all subjects; however, the association between insomnia and metabolic syndrome was statistically significant in the male group (odds ratio (OR): 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.77) and the middle-aged group (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.09–1.79) but not in the female group, the young adult group or the older group. Analyses of the individual components of metabolic syndrome revealed that insomnia was independently associated with raised blood pressure (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05–1.43) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01–1.33). Insomnia was also independently associated with the severity of metabolic abnormalities (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03–1.32). This study demonstrates an independent association between insomnia and metabolic syndrome in males and middle-aged participants, which suggests that treatment for insomnia will contribute to the prevention of metabolic syndrome in males and the middle-aged population.
Visualization of ligand-induced dopamine D2S and D2L receptor internalization by TIRF microscopy
Authors: Tabor Alina , Möller Dorothee , Hübner Harald , Kornhuber Johannes , Gmeiner Peter 
Published: September 2017

AbstractG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including the dopamine receptors, represent a group of important pharmacological targets. Upon agonist binding, GPCRs frequently undergo internalization, a process that is known to attenuate functional responses upon prolonged exposure to agonists. In this study, internalization was visualized by means of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy at a level of discrete single events near the plasma membrane with high spatial resolution. A novel method has been developed to determine the relative extent of internalized fluorescent receptor-ligand complexes by comparative fluorescence quantification in living CHO cells. The procedure entails treatment with the reducing agent sodium borohydride, which converts cyanine-based fluorescent ligands on the membrane surface to a long-lived reduced form. Because the highly polar reducing agent is not able to pass the cell membrane, the fluorescent receptor-ligand complexes located in internalized compartments remain fluorescent under TIRF illumination. We applied the method to investigate differences of the short (D2S) and the long (D2L) isoforms of dopamine D2 receptors in their ability to undergo agonist-induced internalization.
Antihyperglycaemic and organic protective effects on pancreas, liver and kidney by polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus SG-02 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Zhang Chen , Li Juan , Hu Chunlong , Wang Jing , Zhang Jianjun , Ren Zhenzhen , Song Xinling , Jia Le 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe present work was designed to investigate the antihyperglycaemic and protective effects of two Hericium erinaceus intracellular polysaccharide (HIPS) purified fractions (HIPS1 and HIPS2) from mycelia of H. erinaceus SG-02 on pancreas, liver and kidney in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The supplementation of HIPS1 and HIPS2 significantly decreased the blood glucose (GLU) levels; suppressed the abnormal elevations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) levels in serum; improved the antioxidant enzymatic (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT)) activities; and attenuated the pathological damage to these organs. The HIPS1 showed superior effects in antihyperglycaemia and organic protection than HIPS2 possible owing to the abundant functional groups (-NH2, -COOH and S=O) in HIPS1, indicating that H. erinaceus SG-02 could be used as a functional food and natural drug for the prevention of diabetes and its complications.
Reovirus inhibits interferon production by sequestering IRF3 into viral factories
Authors: Stanifer Megan L. , Kischnick Christian , Rippert Anja , Albrecht Dorothee , Boulant Steeve 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUpon viral infection, an arms-race between the cellular intrinsic innate immune system and viral replication is established. To win this race, viruses have established multiple strategies to inhibit the cellular response. Mammalian reovirus (MRV) constitutes a great model to study pathogenesis and life cycle of dsRNA viruses. It replicates in the cytosol of infected cells by forming viral induced-replication compartments, or viral factories. Little is known about the strategy used by MRV to evade the cellular intrinsic immune system. In this study, we unraveled that MRV induces a replication-dependent global reduction in interferon-mediated antiviral immune response. We determined that although MRV leads to the activation and phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), the nuclear translocation of IRF3 was impaired in infected cells. Additionally, we showed that MRV does not degrade IRF3 but sequesters it in cytoplasmic viral factories. We demonstrate that the viral factory matrix protein μNS is solely responsible for the sequestration of IRF3. This finding highlights novel mechanisms used by MRV to interfere with the intrinsic immune system and places the viral factories as not only a replication compartment but as an active strategy participating in immune evasion.
Isoniazid Killing of Mycobacterium smegmatis NADH Pyrophosphatase Mutant at Single-Cell Level using Microfluidics and Time-Lapse Microscopy
Authors: Elitas Meltem 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe introduce single-cell analysis for isoniazid-treated Mycobacterium smegmatis mutant, msm1946-NADH pyrophosphatase, using microfluidics and automated time-lapse microscopy. Mycobacterial NADH pyrophosphatase isoforms play an important role for the mechanism of isoniazid and ethionamide activation. Our single-cell analysis revealed important insights on isoniazid killing mechanism that was masked by traditional killing assays, raised significant questions related to viable but non-culturable subpopulation of cells, and existing methods that defines minimum inhibitory concentration of drugs. The major goal of this study was quantitatively analyze bacterial cell parameters to obtain high-resolution data for the time evolution of antibiotic killing at the single-cell level. The presented tools and methods could be applied to the closely related organisms to provide more detailed information for the design and employment of antibiotic treatments.
Design and Synthesis of an RGD Peptidomimetic-Paclitaxel Conjugate Targeting αvβ3 Integrin for Tumour-Directed Drug Delivery
Authors: Piras Monica , Andriu Alexandra , Testa Andrea , Wienecke Paul , Fleming Ian , Zanda Matteo 
Published: September 2017

A 1,2,3-triazole-based RGD peptidomimetic having nanomolar affinity for αvβ3 integrin was conjugated to the potent antimitotic paclitaxel via an oxime heterobifunctional linker. The resulting construct maintained nanomolar binding concentration to αvβ3 integrin and showed 11-fold selectivity in terms of cytotoxicity towards highly αvβ3 expressing U87MG cancer cells relative to non αvβ3 expressing MCF7 cells, indicating promising cancer cell targeting capacity.1	Design2	Retrosynthesis3	Synthesis4	Solid-Phase Receptor Binding Assay5	Cell Cytotoxicity Assays6	Metabolic Stability Assays7	Conclusions
Arterial Spin Labeling—Can Neurointerventionists Rely on This Novel Technique? A Case Series on Successful Use of Arterial Spin Labeling in Acute Stroke Imaging
Authors: Rahul K. , Santhosh P. , Kumar M. , Mehta Pankaj , Cherian Mathew 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPresence of ischemic penumbra is the principal factor that decides the need for mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. Our objective was to evaluate the usefulness of arterial spin labeling (ASL) in detecting diffusion perfusion mismatch and directing patients into mechanical thrombectomy. We retrospectively studied all patients with acute nonhemorrhagic stroke in the anterior circulation, who had undergone stroke imaging with ASL followed by mechanical thrombectomy from July 2016 to November 2016. Area of diffusion perfusion mismatch was graded semiquantitatively into three grades: small, medium, and large. Mismatch was compared with 30-day modified Rankin scale (mRS) score. Interpretable PASL-perfusion images were obtained in all patients. Diffusion perfusion mismatches were present in all patients. Out of six patients with good mRS score, five patients had large diffusion perfusion mismatch. Two out of three patients with poor mRS were secondary to failed recanalization, in spite of large mismatch. One out of nine patients had poor outcome as well as a small area of mismatch. ASL is a rapid noninvasive imaging technique in acute stroke that has got the potential to detect ischemic penumbra.
Do You Know Your Lines?
Authors: Rachapalli Vamsidhar , Sharma Pankaj , Kumar Sheo , Uthappa Mangerira 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe use of central venous catheters has become ubiquitous in the clinical practice. While a majority of them are easy to insert, many consider it a mundane interventional procedure. However, it is important to ensure that the right catheter is selected for the right patient. In addition, due diligence should be observed during site selection and catheter securement. This article briefly but concisely covers various aspects of venous catheter insertion ranging from catheter selection, patient preparation, choice of skin antisepsis to catheter tip position. This article, however, does not deal with the actual steps involved in the insertion of various catheters.
Sirtuin 1 Levels in Recurrent Implantation Failure
Authors: Engin-Ustun Yaprak , Ozgu-Erdinc A. Seval , Kiyak Caglayan Emel , Gulerman Cavidan , Sarikaya Esma , Aktulay Ayla , Demirtas Canan , Erkaya Salim , Yilmaz Nafiye 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSirtuin 1 has an important role in cellular processes, including apoptosis and cellular stress. The purpose of this study was to assess serum sirtuin 1 levels in women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). In this cross-sectional study, we included 28 women with RIF, 29 healthy women who had conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF), and 30 women with a 1-cycle failure of IVF as controls. Human serum nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1/SIRT2L1) levels were detected using a commercial colorimetric kit. Recurrent implantation failure patients have higher sirtuin 1 levels than non-pregnant women and healthy pregnant women, but this difference did not reach statistical significance due to the low number of patients in our study. These higher sirtuin 1 levels may result from the inflammation imbalance of RIF patients. The only statistically significant correlation found was between age and sirtuin (r = 0.277, p = 0.009).