bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-culture with intestinal epithelial organoids allows efficient expansion and motility analysis of intraepithelial lymphocytes
Authors: Nozaki Kengo , Mochizuki Wakana , Matsumoto Yuka , Matsumoto Taichi , Fukuda Masayoshi , Mizutani Tomohiro , Watanabe Mamoru , Nakamura Tetsuya 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundIntraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the intestine play important roles in the regulation of local immune responses. Although their functions have been studied in a variety of animal experiments, in vitro studies on spatiotemporal behaviors of IELs and their interaction with intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have been hampered due to the lack of a suitable culture system. In this study, we aimed at developing a novel co-culture system of IELs with IECs to investigate dynamic interaction between these two populations of cells in vitro.MethodsWe optimized experimental conditions under which murine IELs can be efficiently maintained with IECs cultured as three-dimensional organoids. We then tested the effect of IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 on the maintenance of IELs in this co-culture system. By time-lapse imaging, we also examined the dynamic behaviors of IELs.ResultsIELs can be expanded with epithelial organoids in the presence of IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15. IELs were efficiently maintained within and outside of organoids showing a ~four-fold increase in both αβT and γδT IELs for a period of 2 weeks. Four-dimensional fluorescent imaging revealed an active, multi-directional movement of IELs along the basolateral surface of IECs, and also their inward or outward migration relative to organoid structures. Cell tracking analysis showed that αβT and γδT IELs shared indistinguishable features with regard to their dynamics.ConclusionsThis novel co-culture method could serve as a unique tool to investigate the motility dynamics of IELs and their temporal and spatial interaction with IECs in vitro.
Future risk of the maize orange leafhopper, Cicadulina bipunctata, and maize wallaby ear symptom in temperate Japan
Authors: Matsukura Keiichiro , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Kumashiro Shun , Matsumura Masaya 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSince the 1980s, the maize orange leafhopper, Cicadulina bipunctata, has been gradually expanding its range in east Asia associated with global warming. This leafhopper induces maize wallaby ear symptom (MWES) on young maize plants and has become a threat to forage maize production in southern parts of temperate Japan since around 2000. In this study, using predictions of future temperature and precipitation calculated from Atmosphere–Ocean Coupled General Circulation Models, the future risk of C. bipunctata expansion and MWES occurrence in Japan (spatial resolution: 1 km2) was predicted. A nominal logistic regression analysis showed a significant contribution of cumulative low temperature during winter to the current distribution of C. bipunctata. The range of C. bipunctata was predicted to expand northward, particularly in Kyushu, Shikoku and the southern part of Honshu after the 2060s. Predicted intensification of MWES would reduce the efficacy of maize cultivars that are currently tolerant to MWES, in southern Kyushu in the 2020s, and in most parts of Kyushu, Shikoku and southwestern Honshu in the 2060s. These results suggest the need for measures to counter further expansion of C. bipunctata and improvement of current tolerant maize cultivars.
Constructing Surfactant Systems with the Characteristics of Gemini and Oligomeric Surfactants Through Noncovalent Interaction
Authors: Zhu Linyi , Tang Yongqiang , Wang Yilin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe superior physicochemical properties of gemini and oligomeric surfactants look promising in a variety of different applications. However, tedious covalent synthesis and complicated purification limit the development of these novel surfactants. Recently, it has been demonstrated as feasible to use noncovalent interactions to construct surfactant systems with the characteristics of gemini or oligomeric surfactants. This short review discusses the strategies of constructing gemini‐like or oligomeric‐like surfactants through noncovalent interactions by choosing proper building blocks, single‐chain surfactants and gemini surfactants along with connecting molecules containing double or multiple binding sites. The current progress in this field has been summarized. This very simple and efficient way to obtain gemini and oligomeric surfactants may make a practical impact on the surfactant industry.
Association between bone mineral density and metabolic syndrome in Turkish women who were postmenopausal
Authors: Ozelci Runa , Dilbaz Berna , Ozkaya Enis , Cirik Derya A. , Zengin Tuba , Mollamahmutoğlu Leyla 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the parameters of metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck and lumbar spine in Turkish women who were postmenopausal.MethodsIn a retrospective study, the records of patients who were postmenopausal attending the Menopause Outpatient Clinic of a tertiary women's hospital in Ankara, Turkey, between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014 were retrieved. Patient's BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were assessed using T‐scores, and parameters of metabolic syndrome were evaluated in all patients.ResultsThe records of 315 patients were retrieved. The mean age of patients was 55.63 ± 6.14 years (range 45–71 years). Metabolic syndrome was recorded in 92 (29.2%) patients. Following adjustment for age, patients with metabolic syndrome had higher T‐scores at the femoral neck than patients without metabolic syndrome (− 0.67 ± 0.1 vs − 1.15 ± 0.06; P = 0.001); there was no significant difference in T‐scores at the lumbar spine (P = 0.062). A Spearman correlation analysis of the entire study cohort demonstrated a negative association between high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck (r = − 0.12 and r = − 0.15, respectively).ConclusionMetabolic syndrome could have been partly associated with increased BMD in Turkish women who were postmenopausal.
The Effects of Combination of Robot‐Assisted Therapy With Task‐Specific or Impairment‐Oriented Training on Motor Function and Quality of Life in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Hung Chung‐shan , Hsieh Yu‐wei , Wu Ching‐yi , Lin Yi‐ting , Lin Keh‐chung , Chen Chia‐ling 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundRobot‐assisted therapy (RT) is a promising intervention for stroke rehabilitation. RT hybridized with therapist‐mediated therapy (eg, RT plus task‐specific or impairment‐oriented training) may possibly yield functionally relevant improvements. A comparative study of the different combination regimens is needed.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of RT combined with task‐specific training or impairment‐oriented training on motor function and quality of life in patients with chronic stroke.DesignA single‐blind, randomized comparative efficacy study.SettingTwo medical centers in Taiwan.ParticipantsTwenty‐one subjects with chronic stroke.InterventionsParticipants were recruited and randomized into 1 of 2 groups: (1) RT combined with task‐specific (RTT) training (enrolled, n = 11; completed, n = 11) or (2) RT combined with impairment‐oriented (RTI) training (enrolled, n = 10; completed, n = 9). Participants received 20 intervention sessions (90‐100 min/d, 5 d/wk for 4 weeks).OutcomesThe Fugl‐Meyer Motor Assessment Upper Extremity subscale, Stroke Impact Scale, Action Research Arm Test, and Medical Research Council Scale were administered at baseline, posttreatment, and at 3‐month follow‐up. Two‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to investigate the treatment effects.ResultsThe improvements of the RTT group in motor function measured by the Fugl‐Meyer Motor Assessment Upper Extremity subscale and quality of life assessed by the Stroke Impact Scale were significantly superior to the RTI group after the interventions. The improvements of the RTT group were maintained for 3 months. Both groups demonstrated significant within‐group improvements in motor function, muscle power, and quality of life.ConclusionsRTT may be a more compelling approach to enhance motor function and quality of life for a long‐term period than RTI. The combination of RT with task‐specific training and with impairment‐oriented training had similar benefits on upper limb motor function and muscle strength immediately after the interventions.
Reconsidering Children's Encounters With Nature and Place Using Posthumanism
Authors: Malone Karen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article explores and reconsiders the view of children's encounters with place as central to a place-based pedagogy that seeks to dismantle rather than support constructions of a nature-culture binary. I unpack the current fervour for reinserting the child in nature and nature-based education as a significant phenomenon in environmental and outdoor education. I will draw on recent literature on place-based research and theorise using new materialist and posthumanist approaches that seek to disrupt anthropocentric views and support new ways of considering our encounters with the more-than-human world. Then, using these new approaches, I will theorise a recent place-based research project with children in the city of La Paz, Bolivia, to illustrate how it is possible to challenge current assumptions that are firmly entrenched in the child in nature movement. I will conclude by considering what intra-species relations, place encounters and child-body-animal-place relations can teach us about questioning anthropocentrism and human exceptionalism. Finally, I consider how can we overcome these limitations of a narrow and nostalgic view of ‘child and nature’ and reimagine a more diverse approach to education for a sustainable future.
Keeping Monks in Their Place?
Authors: LARSSON Tomas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis essay explores the extent to which Thailand’s secular legal system reinforces the imagined divide, common in Thai Buddhist conceptions of society, between a “worldly” sphere and the “religious” sphere of thesangha(order of monks). It asks: How far does secular Thai law exclude clergy from the “unmonkly” domains of politics and commerce? It shows that there is a striking discrepancy between the systematic way in which secular Thai law has kept monks from formally participating in “politics” and the rather more permissive way in which it has facilitated participation by the monkhood in the sphere of “commerce.” The essay concludes with some reflections on this finding and the questions it raises.
Sensory Ganglionopathy and the Blink Reflex: Electrophysiological Features
Authors: Alam Taimour , Barker Alexander StJ.E. , Alix James J.P. , Hadjivassiliou Marios , Rao Dasappaiah G. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground: Sensory ganglionopathy (SG) is characterised by asymmetrical sensory fibre degeneration, with the primary pathology occurring at the level of the dorsal root ganglion. It is seen in the context of autoimmune, paraneoplastic, and degenerative disorders. There is limited literature examining the electrophysiological correlate of the trigeminal ganglion and associated pathways, the blink reflex (BR), in cases of SG. Previous work has suggested that the BR is preserved in cases of SG associated with paraneoplasia. Methods: The local clinical neurophysiology database was searched for patients diagnosed with SG from peripheral nerve conduction studies in whom the BR was performed. Twenty-six patients were included in the final analysis. Results: Sjögren’s syndrome constituted the most common SG aetiology (8/26), followed by idiopathic cases (7/26) and paraneoplasia (5/26). BR abnormalities were seen in 9 of the 26 patients (34.6%) across all aetiologies. No patients reported sensory disturbance in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, indicating that the changes noted are subclinical. Three patients showed abnormality of the R1 response; in the remaining six patients, only R2 responses were affected. Conclusions: Subclinical abnormalities of both R1 and R2 can be seen in the context of SG of varying aetiologies, including paraneoplasia. Performing the BR in patients with suspected of having SG may be helpful in providing additional evidence of patchy sensory fibre involvement that is characteristic of the disease.
Assessing Emergency Preparedness and Response Capacity Using Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response Methodology: Portsmouth, Virginia, 2013
Authors: Kurkjian Katie M. , Winz Michelle , Yang Jun , Corvese Kate , Colón Ana , Levine Seth J. , Mullen Jessica , Ruth Donna , Anson-Dwamena Rexford , Bayleyegn Tesfaye , Chang David S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveFor the past decade, emergency preparedness campaigns have encouraged households to meet preparedness metrics, such as having a household evacuation plan and emergency supplies of food, water, and medication. To estimate current household preparedness levels and to enhance disaster response planning, the Virginia Department of Health with remote technical assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a community health assessment in 2013 in Portsmouth, Virginia.MethodsUsing the Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) methodology with 2-stage cluster sampling, we randomly selected 210 households for in-person interviews. Households were questioned about emergency planning and supplies, information sources during emergencies, and chronic health conditions.ResultsInterview teams completed 180 interviews (86%). Interviews revealed that 70% of households had an emergency evacuation plan, 67% had a 3-day supply of water for each member, and 77% had a first aid kit. Most households (65%) reported that the television was the primary source of information during an emergency. Heart disease (54%) and obesity (40%) were the most frequently reported chronic conditions.ConclusionsThe Virginia Department of Health identified important gaps in local household preparedness. Data from the assessment have been used to inform community health partners, enhance disaster response planning, set community health priorities, and influence Portsmouth’s Community Health Improvement Plan. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:193–198)
Dating Archaeological Cultures by Their Moats? A Case Study from the Early Bronze Age Settlement Fidvár near Vráble, SW Slovakia
Authors: Schlütz Frank , Bittmann Felix 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article uses age-depth models based on 29 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates from charred plant macroremains (seeds, chaff), wood charcoal, and snail shells found in two moats from the settlement Fidvár near Vráble (SW Slovakia) to improve the absolute chronology of the Early Bronze Age in central Europe. The charred macroremains were taxonomically identified to species or genus level and the lifespan of the objects and the archaeological context were considered carefully. The selected snail shells were identified to provide reliable age information. This study demonstrates that under certain conditions, ditch archives can be well suited to contribute to archaeological chronologies. For the first time, the transition from the Hatvan to the Únětice period is dated absolutely.
Worldwide burden of gastric cancer in 2012 that could have been prevented by increasing fruit and vegetable intake and predictions for 2025
Authors: Peleteiro Bárbara , Padrão Patrícia , Castro Clara , Ferro Ana , Morais Samantha , Lunet Nuno 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe regional and temporal variation in patterns of fruit and vegetable intake contributes to differences in the impact on gastric cancer burden across regions and over the years. We aimed to estimate the proportion and absolute number of gastric cancer cases that could have been prevented in 2012 with an increase in fruit and vegetable intake up to the levels defined by the Global Burden of Disease as the theoretical minimum-risk exposure distribution (300 and 400 g/d, respectively), as well as the corresponding figures expected for 2025. Preventable fractions (PF) were computed for 161 countries, using data on fruit and vegetable availability in 1997 and 2010 and published estimates of the magnitude of the association between fruit and vegetable intake and gastric cancer, assuming a time lag of approximately 15 years. Countries classified as very high Human Development Index (HDI) presented median PF in 2012 much lower than low-HDI countries for both fruits (3·0v.10·2 %,P<0·001) and vegetables (6·0v.11·9 %,P<0·001). For vegetables only, PF significantly decreased until 2025 in most settings; however, this corresponded to a reduction in the absolute number of preventable gastric cancer cases in less than half of the countries. Increasing fruit and vegetable intake would allow preventing a relatively high proportion of gastric cancer cases, mostly in developing countries. Although declines in PF are predicted in the near future, changes in order to achieve healthier lifestyles may be insufficient to overcome the load of demographic variation to further reduce the gastric cancer burden.
Collision-free configuration-spaces in macromolecular crystals
Authors: Chirikjian Gregory S. , Shiffman Bernard 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYMolecular replacement (MR) is a well-established computational method for phasing in macromolecular crystallography. In MR searches, spaces of motions are explored for determining the appropriate placement of rigid single-body (or articulated multi-rigid-body) models of macromolecules. By determining a priori which portions of motion space correspond to non-physical packing arrangements with symmetry mates in collision, it becomes feasible to construct more efficient MR techniques which avoid searching in these non-realizable regions of motion space. This paper investigates which portion of the motion space is physically realizable, given that packing of protein molecules in a crystal are subject to the constraint that they cannot interpenetrate, and gives explicit expressions for the volume of the non-realizable regions for crystals in two-dimensions.
First detection and molecular characterization ofNebovirusin Brazil
Authors: CANDIDO M. , ALENCAR A. L. F. , ALMEIDA-QUEIROZ S. R. , BUZINARO M. G. , MUNIN F. S. , GODOY S. H. S. , LIVONESI M. C. , FERNANDES A. M. , SOUSA R. L. M. 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYNebovirusis a new genus of viruses belonging to the Caliciviridae family recently characterized in cattle, and is associated with gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhoea, anorexia and intestinal lesions particularly in calves. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of neboviruses in Brazilian cattle and analyse phylogenetically the virus strains detected. A prevalence of 4·8% of neboviruses in faecal samples from 62 head of cattle from different Brazilian states was detected. All positive animals were aged <20 days and had diarrhoea. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the virus sequences into the Newbury1 clade. There was >96·0% nt (100% aa) sequence identity between the virus sequences in this study and >88·8% nt (>94·4% aa) identity with Newbury1/UK. Our results indicate, for the first time, the occurrence of neboviruses in Brazil as well as in South America, and the first Newbury1-like nebovirus found outside the UK.
The biopsychosocial (BPS) model of dementia as a tool for clinical practice. A pilot study
Authors: Revolta Catherine , Orrell Martin , Spector Aimee 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Equipping staff with the skills to provide high quality care in dementia is essential. The Biopsychosocial (BPS) model of dementia (Spector and Orrell, 2010) is a practical tool designed to encourage staff to develop personalized interventions and treatment plans for people with dementia. This feasibility study aimed to examine the impact of training staff to use the BPS model on skills of formulation, attitude towards dementia and sense of role competence.Method:A within-subjects design was used. Thirty-seven staff working in dementia care across a community mental health team (CMHT), inpatient wards, and residential care homes were trained to use the BPS model. Outcomes were measured at baseline, post-training, and four week follow-up.Results:The ability of staff to understand, formulate, and develop interventions for people with dementia increased significantly following training. There were small, non-significant improvements in positive attitudes, and sense of competence following training. Staff also reported that training improved their understanding of biological and psychosocial factors in dementia.Conclusions:This study provides preliminary evidence that training staff to use the BPS model can lead to improvements in their ability to understand and develop interventions for people with dementia. Further research would be required to draw firm conclusions about its effectiveness.
Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and coronary cameral fistulae: an unusual finding of a subsystemic right ventricle
Authors: Mohan Shaun , Weinberg Paul M. , Glatz Andrew C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe report the case of a neonate with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and coronary cameral fistulae despite having a subsystemic right ventricle. We review the literature on coronary cameral fistulae in this disease and right ventricle-dependent coronary circulation. We discuss the potential consequences of this physiology, including risk of adverse cardiovascular events that may impact risk stratification and surgical palliation.
The incidence and extent of the CDM across developing countries
Authors: Rahman Shaikh M. , Dinar Ariel , Larson Donald F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper empirically examines the factors that determine the incidence and extent of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in developing countries. Estimation results show that the incidence and extent of the CDM is greater for the developing countries with larger mitigation potential and greater capacity to manage the projects. Developing countries with faster economic growth and past experience with activities implemented jointly (AIJ) projects are more likely to host renewable energy projects, although this is not the case for other project types. The incidence and extent of foreign investment projects in energy efficiency, CO2reduction and non-CO2gas reduction projects are higher for the countries with lower per capita GDP, most likely due to capital constraints. There is no evidence that the number of sub-regional projects impinged on investment flows. Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa appear to face special obstacles under the CDM even after the strength of institutions and energy-related mitigation opportunities are accounted for.