bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refining Sampling Efforts for Fish Diversity Assessment in Subtropical Urban Estuarine and Oceanic Waters Using Environmental DNA With Multiple Primers
Authors: How Chun Ming , Ip Jack Chi‐Ho , Deconinck Dumas , Zhao Meihong , Yan Meng , Cheng Jinping , Leung Kenneth Mei Yee , Chan Leo Lai , Qiu Jian‐Wen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe environmental DNA (eDNA) approach is an emerging tool for monitoring marine biodiversity. However, the sampling effort needs optimization according to the site characteristics and target taxonomic groups. In this study, we optimized the eDNA sampling effort in terms of sample volume and number of replicates to monitor the diversity of marine vertebrates (mainly fish) in Hong Kong's subtropical waters that show a gradient of estuarine to oceanic waters. To maximize detection, we used three pairs of metabarcoding primers (12S‐v5, MiFish‐U, and MiFish‐E). We compared vertebrate diversity in 78 water samples, ranging from 1 to 10 L, collected from oceanic and estuarine sites. Metabarcoding yielded a total of 140 vertebrate species, of which 18 were unique to the estuarine site, 66 unique to the oceanic site, and 56 shared between both sites. The detected species were predominantly ray‐finned fish (136 species), and the three primer pairs exhibited differential sensitivity toward different taxa, especially cartilaginous fish and cetaceans. Increasing sampling volume per replicate generally increased the total detected species, average species per replicate, and species coverage, and sampling 3 or 4 × 4 L represented the most efficient sampling effort for the estuarine and oceanic sites, respectively. The diversity analysis revealed that sampling >2 L per replicate reduced variability and improved diversity analysis. The results also showed that a larger sampling volume per replicate increased the probability of detecting endangered, indicator, invasive, and elusive species, with 4 L representing the most efficient volume. This study recommended sampling 4 L per replicate and 3 replicates for estuarine and 4 for oceanic sites, respectively for effectively monitoring marine fish in subtropical waters using the eDNA approach.
Trivalent Heteroglycoclusters as Focal Point Pseudoenantiomers: Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation
Authors: Despras Guillaume , Spormann Carina , Klockmann Felix , Schollmeyer Dieter , Terfort Andreas , Lindhorst Thisbe K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe describe the synthesis of the first heteroglycoclusters featuring three distinct carbohydrate ligands. The obtained pair of stereoisomeric glycoclusters were named “focal point enantiomers”, as the configuration of the focal point is the only varying stereogenic element in these molecules. The first pair of such diastereomeric heteroglycoclusters was accessible by an efficient sequence of protection and sequential glycosylation steps utilizing a mannosyl, a N‐acetylglucosaminyl, and a galactosyl donor, respectively, which was applied to a prototype azido‐functionalized tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) scaffold molecule. The stereoisomers could be distinguished based on an X‐ray structure of one of the isomeric key intermediates. As previously shown with divalent counterparts, such heterotrivalent cluster glycosides are useful tools for studying the fine‐tuning of carbohydrate recognition. The azido functional group at the focal point of the synthetic scaffold molecule was employed in a conjugation reaction with a linker for further immobilization on a gold surface in order to fabricate glyco‐SAMs (self‐assembled monolayers). A preliminary biological evaluation of the focal point enantiomers was performed in solution using the well‐known model lectin Concanavalin A and the important bacterial lectin FimH.
Intake and diet preference of dairy heifers grazing mixed or alternating rows of birdsfoot trefoil and cool‐season grasses
Authors: Peel Michael D. , Waldron Blair L. , Briscoe Jacob T. , Rose Marcus F. , Isom S. Clay , Thornton Kara J. , Hadfield Jacob A. , Rood Kerry A. , Creech J. Earl 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMixtures with birdsfoot trefoil (BFT) increase herbage intake in grazing cattle. We hypothesized that BFT spatially separated from grasses would increase preferential grazing of BFT and herbage intake compared to grass and BFT in mixed rows.MethodsBinary mixtures of BFT were established with orchardgrass, meadow bromegrass, tall fescue, and perennial ryegrass in alternating and in mixed rows. Pastures were rotationally stocked with Jersey heifers, and herbage mass, intake, and preferential grazing were estimated.ResultsPlanting BFT in alternating rows did not affect herbage mass, intake, or BFT preference. Regardless of spatial arrangement, pasture production averaged 4116 kg ha−1 per rotation, of which 32% was BFT. BFT comprised 39% of herbage intake in alternating and mixed rows, 7% greater (p = 0.001) than offered, indicating partial preference for BFT. Greatest preferential grazing of BFT was in tall fescue and orchardgrass mixtures, but less than commonly reported for legumes grown in more contrasting spatial arrangements with cool‐season grasses.ConclusionsGrazing heifers showed partial preference for BFT over grass. However, the lack of an effect of spatial arrangement on herbage mass, herbage intake, and diet preference indicates that spatial arrangements greater than alternating rows may be needed to increase overall herbage intake.
What Explains the Link Between Hearing and Vision Impairment and Cognitive Function? Analysis of Mediating Effects in the USA, England and Ireland
Authors: Matthews Katey , Dawes Piers , Elliot Rebecca , Maharani Asri , Pendleton Neil , Tampubolon Gindo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesHearing and vision impairments are associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk. Explanations for this include age‐related processes impacting on sensory and cognitive function (common cause), or sensory impairments having a direct or indirect impact on cognition via social engagement, depression and physical activity (cascade). We tested whether associations between hearing, vision and episodic memory were mediated by allostatic load, social engagement, depression and physical activity.MethodsWe used structural equation modelling with cross‐sectional data from the USA (n = 4746, aged 50–101), England (n = 4907, aged 50–89) and Ireland (4292, aged 50–80) to model factors related to the common cause (indexed by allostatic load) and the cascade hypothesis with respect to cognitive ability (episodic memory).ResultsPoorer hearing/vision was associated with lower social engagement, depression and sedentary lifestyle. Poor vision was not related to allostatic load, and poor hearing was associated with allostatic load in only one data set, contributing to a common‐cause hypothesis. Lower social engagement, depression and a sedentary lifestyle were associated with poorer episodic memory, contributing to the cascade hypothesis. Using effect estimates to calculate the proportion of the total effects mediated by the combined mediator variables, up to two fifths of the relationship between hearing and vision with episodic memory can be explained by the mediators.ConclusionsThe association between hearing, vision and episodic memory is mediated by allostatic load, social engagement, depression, and physical activity. The finding that social engagement, depression, and physical activity mediate the association between sensory abilities and cognitive function supported the cascade hypotheses. Interventions to improve healthy lifestyle, reduce depression and foster social engagement of older people with sensory impairments are likely to be beneficial in preventing cognitive decline and dementia.
Low‐income fathers are emotionally resilient: A qualitative exploration of paternal emotions across early parenting
Authors: Lee Joyce Y. , Lee Shawna J. , Chang Olivia D. , Albuja Analia F. , Lin Muzi , Volling Brenda L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEmotions play an important role in fostering positive parenting and healthy child development. This qualitative study explored the affective experiences of racially diverse US fathers with low income across the prenatal, postnatal, and early childhood periods. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 24 fathers. Interview questions asked about fathers’ early parenting experiences that elicit parenting emotions of different valence. Results from thematic analysis demonstrated activation of multiple emotions depending on different proximal and distal experiences. Specific to proximal experiences, fathers reported feeling both excited and anxious about pregnancy and joyful and disappointed at childbirth. Related to distal experiences, fathers reported feeling encouraged by their social support networks that further aid their parenting, but feeling marginalized given systematic barriers (e.g., societal bias, high incarceration rates of Black fathers). Most importantly, fathers’ parenting emotions, especially negative ones, led to them resolving to stay involved in their children's lives, gaining a sense of responsibility, and changing behaviors to do right by their children. Fathers resorted to various coping strategies to regulate their negative emotions. Overall, fathers with low income are emotionally resilient. Infant and early childhood health professionals should support fathers' mental health to promote father‐child engagement and thus, ultimately, young children's mental health and wellbeing.
Helicobacter pylori induce circ_0046854 to regulate microRNA‐511‐3p/CSF1 axis and enhance the resistance of gastric cancer to cisplatin
Authors: Ma Juan , Zhang SiRuo , Gong YanYan , Wang Cui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (HP) is considered a major risk factor for gastric cancer (GC) and during this process, cytotoxin‑associated gene A (CagA) plays in essence. The study mainly focused on the molecular mechanism of circular RNA 0046854 (circ_0046854) in HP‐induced GC. Clinically, 56 cases of GC and normal tissues were collected, and the GC tissues were divided into HP‐negative GC tissues (HP−) and 33 HP‐positive GC tissues (HP+). Tissue expression of circ_0046854, microRNA (miR)‐511‐3p and colony‐stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) was tested. BGC‐823/Cisplatin (DDP) resistant strain was induced and cell growth and DDP resistance were detected after HP infection. In vivo experiments were performed using a mouse xenograft model. The relationship between circ_0046854, miR‐511‐3p and CSF1 was confirmed. GC tissues especially HP+ cancer tissues expressed high circ_0046854 and CSF1 and low miR‐511‐3p. HP‐induced circ_0046854 expression in GC cells through CagA. Inhibition of circ_0046854 or miR‐511‐3p elevation inhibited the growth and DDP resistance in GC cells. Circ_0046854 acted as a sponge for miR‐511‐3p, which targeted CSF1. Restoring CSF1 could abolish the inhibitory effect of miR‐511‐3p overexpression on CagA+ HP‐induced GC progression in vitro. Circ_0046854 silencing repressed tumor growth and aggrandized the inhibiting effects of DDP on tumorigenesis in vivo. Circ_0046854/miR‐511‐3p/CSF1 axis may be involved in the development of HP‐induced GC, thus providing new ideas for studying the mechanism of HP‐related gastric diseases.
In vivo glycerol metabolism in patients with glycerol kinase deficiency
Authors: Shah Ankit , Xu Huiting , Kwon Hyok Joon , Wondisford Fredric E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) is an X‐linked recessive disorder due to glycerol kinase (GK) gene mutations resulting in hyperglycerolermia, hyperglyceroluria, and “pseudohypertriglyceridemia.” In vivo glycerol metabolism has not been assessed in GKD. A 62‐year‐old man with suspected GKD and his extended family underwent whole exome sequencing and fasting blood work with two modes of lipid measurements: (1) standard lipase‐based methodology and (2) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Two overnight fasted men with GKD and a heterozygote female carrier then underwent 13C3‐glycerol infusion. Affected family members had a novel two‐nucleotide deletion in exon 5 of the GK gene (c.373_374del). Compared to their family members (n = 14), men with GKD (n = 5) had significantly lower total cholesterol levels (3.72 ± 0.70 vs. 4.77 ± 0.85 mmol/L, p = 0.024). Compared to NMR, lipase‐based assays overreported triglycerides (5.28 ± 1.38 vs. 0.81 ± 0.32, mmol/L, p < 0.001) and underreported low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol values (0.93 ± 0.23 vs. 2.18 ± 0.42 mmol/L, p = 0.001) in GKD. Men with GKD could not convert glycerol into glucose or triglycerides, which was preserved in the heterozygote carrier. Glycolytic metabolism of glycerol to lactate persisted in GKD, but it was reduced by a magnitude and, possibly, due to homologous glycerol kinases encoded by other genes. In summary, we report a novel GK pathogenic variant; affected men cannot convert circulating glycerol to glucose or triglycerides and have lower cholesterol levels. These results offer a human model for potentially targeting glycerol kinase to treat conditions associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and warrant further investigation.
High‐throughput peptide array analysis and computational techniques for serological profiling of flavivirus infections: Implications for diagnostics and vaccine development
Authors: Bombaci Mauro , Fassi Enrico Mario Alessandro , Gobbini Andrea , Mileto Davide , Cassaniti Irene , Pesce Elisa , Casali Emanuele , Mancon Alessandro , Sammartino Jose’ , Ferrari Alessandro , Percivalle Elena , Grande Romualdo , Marchisio Edoardo , Gismondo Maria Rita , Abrignani Sergio , Baldanti Fausto , Colombo Giorgio , Grifantini Renata 
Published: September 2024

AbstractArthropod‐borne viruses, such as dengue virus (DENV), pose significant global health threats, with DENV alone infecting around 400 million people annually and causing outbreaks beyond endemic regions. This study aimed to enhance serological diagnosis and discover new drugs by identifying immunogenic protein regions of DENV. Utilizing a comprehensive approach, the study focused on peptides capable of distinguishing DENV from other flavivirus infections through serological analyses. Over 200 patients with confirmed arbovirus infection were profiled using high‐density pan flavivirus peptide arrays comprising 6253 peptides and the computational method matrix of local coupling energy (MLCE). Twenty‐four peptides from nonstructural and structural viral proteins were identified as specifically recognized by individuals with DENV infection. Six peptides were confirmed to distinguish DENV from Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), Yellow Fever virus (YFV), Usutu virus (USUV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections, as well as healthy controls. Moreover, the combination of two immunogenic peptides emerged as a potential serum biomarker for DENV infection. These peptides, mapping to highly accessible regions on protein structures, show promise for diagnostic and prophylactic strategies against flavivirus infections. The described methodology holds broader applicability in the serodiagnosis of infectious diseases.
Dementia risk reduction between DOACs and VKAs in AF: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chokesuwattanaskul Anthipa , Prasitlumkum Narut , Cooley Ryan , Bunch T. Jared , Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai , Navaravong Leenhapong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) become the recommended treatment over vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). However, their effectiveness in reducing cognitive impairment and dementia compared to VKA remains unclear.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database. Randomized controlled trials, cohort, or case–control study that assessed incident dementia between AF patients who received DOAC compared to VKA were selected. Relevant study characteristics and the number of incident dementia diagnosis or hazard ratios (HRs) for incident dementia and each dementia subtypes were extracted. Random‐effects model was used to perform meta‐analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were used to estimate effect sizes for continuous data.ResultsTwelve cohort studies comprising 1 451 069 individuals were included. The incidence of dementia was lower in AF patients prescribed DOACs compared to VKA (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83–0.93, I
2 = 61.2%). A lower incident dementia in DOACs group relative to VKA was significantly observed in those less than 75 years of age (< 65 years, HR 0.83 (95% CI 0.72–0.97, I
2 = 0%); 65–74 years, HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.81–0.92, I
2 = 55.4%); and ≥ 75 years, HR 1.07 (95% CI 0.74–1.55, I
2 = 92.5%)) and for the subgroup of patients with vascular dementia (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.824–0.997, I
2 = 0%).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis reveals a reduction in incidence of dementia in AF patients prescribed DOACs compared to VKA, particularly in those less than 75 years old and in the vascular dementia subtype.
Local climate and trends in air mass‐based weather types over the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Alghamdi Ali S. , Harrington John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough previous research on climate change in the Arabian Peninsula (AP) has studied changes in individual meteorological variables, an analysis of changes in the overall weather conditions based on multiple meteorological variables is limited. Based on an air mass‐based classification system, this research explored the local climate (1979–2023) of daily surface weather conditions (i.e., air masses) and associated changes over the Peninsula. For this purpose, the gridded weather typing classification (GWTC‐2), an approach to classify multivariate surface weather situations relative to the average local climate, was utilized as it demonstrated outstanding performance in capturing daily weather characteristics in the Peninsula. Cold air mass (C), days with low temperature and near average humidity, was the most common cool weather type, with notable occurrences from Nov to Feb. Warm air mass (W), hot days with near average humidity, was the most common warm weather condition and maintained a marked presence throughout the year, with notable occurrences in summer. Coastal regions showed higher presences of humid warm (HW) and humid (H) days, whereas the central parts demonstrated higher occurrences of air masses of below‐average humidity (dry [D], dry cold [DC], and dry warm [DW]). Much of the Peninsula showed high intra‐annual variability in cool, warm, humid, and dry air masses. Findings from trend analysis reinforce findings from previous studies related to ongoing warming over the Peninsula, as cool weather types (DC, C, and HC) are becoming less frequent, while warm weather types (W, DW, and HW) are becoming more frequent. This analysis further detected decreases in the average weather conditions along with reduced duration of C‐type and increases in the length of warm weather types, further aggravating thermal stress across the AP.
Sensitivity of the C–H Stretching Band in Raman Spectra to Phospholipid Order
Authors: Zaytseva Yulia V. , Okotrub Konstantin A. , Surovtsev Nikolai V. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPhospholipid bilayers, which are a major component of cellular membranes and some drug delivery vehicles, can be in different states of order depending on the conformations of the hydrocarbon tails and their mutual arrangement. The important task of experimental characterization of phospholipid order is often addressed using Raman spectra of the C–H stretching bands. Such characterization uses some empirical relationships for apparent maxima in the spectra, although the origin of the sensitivity of the C–H band to phospholipid order and its model description remain unclear. Surely, a correct description of the sensitivity of the C–H band to phospholipid order is critical for its proper application. Here, we provide a description of the ordering sensitivity of the C–H stretching band using a polarized Raman experiment with hydrated aligned multibilayers of a saturated phospholipid. By this way, Raman contributions from symmetric and antisymmetric vibrations of CH2 were obtained in a model‐free manner. Experiments in a wide temperature range and the use of isotopic isolation helped us to consider separately the effects of conformational and lateral order of chains. The conformational sensitivity of the spectrum of antisymmetric vibrations was confirmed by DFT modeling. The outcomes of the study allowed us to provide recommendations for the use of the Raman spectrum of the C–H stretching band to characterize the conformational and lateral order of phospholipid‐containing materials.
Stereo depth‐fused 3D rendering for stacked stereo displays
Authors: Morishita Yuto , Date Munekazu , Mizushina Haruki , Suyama Shiro , Yamamoto Kenji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe propose a rendering method that enables the perception of 3D images at precise positions independent of the interocular distance of the observer by combining stacked stereo display and depth‐fused 3D (DFD) display and confirm its effectiveness through evaluation experiments. The depth range that can be expressed in stereo displays causes discomfort in observers because of the discrepancy between vergence and accommodation. However, the depth perceived differs depending on the interocular distance of the observer, resulting in discontinuity of the 3D image. Therefore, we propose a rendering method for stacked stereo displays that is independent of the observer's interocular distance using DFD display.
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, Treatment Decisions, and Outcomes in Older Patients Eligible for Pancreatic Surgery
Authors: Hartog Marij , Beishuizen Sara J. E. , Togo Reon , van Bruchem‐Visser Rozemarijn L. , van Eijck Casper H. J. , Mattace‐Raso Francesco U. S. , Pek Chulja J. , de Wilde Roeland F. , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Polinder‐Bos Harmke A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPeriampullary cancer has a poor prognosis. Surgical resection is a potentially curative but high‐risk treatment. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) can inform treatment decisions, but has not yet been evaluated in older patients eligible for pancreatic surgery.MethodsThis prospective observational study included patients ≥ 70 years of age eligible for pancreatic surgery. Frailty was defined as impairment in at least two of five domains: somatic, psychological, functional, nutritional, and social. Outcomes included postoperative complications, functional decline, and mortality.ResultsOf the 88 patients included, 87 had a complete CGA. Sixty‐five patients (75%) were frail and 22 (25%) were non‐frail. Frail patients were more likely to receive nonsurgical treatment (43.1% vs. 9.1% p = 0.004). Fifty‐seven patients underwent surgery, of which 52 (59%) underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. The incidence of postoperative delirium was three times higher in frail patients (29.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.005). The risk of mortality was three times higher in frail patients (HR: 3.36, 95% CI: 1.43–7.89, p = 0.006).ConclusionFrailty is common in older patients eligible for pancreatic surgery and is associated with treatment decision, a higher incidence of delirium and a three times higher risk of all‐cause mortality. CGA can contribute to shared decision‐making and optimize perioperative care in older patients.