bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CATENAE: A scalable service function chaining system for legacy mobile networks
Authors: Bifulco Roberto , Matsiuk Anton , Silvestro Alessio 
Published: February 2017

SummaryService function chaining promises to ease the introduction of new services in mobile networks by enabling the dynamic composition of virtualized network functions. However, current implementations rely on new tunneling protocols and on network infrastructure changes, which make deployments in legacy networks difficult. In this paper, we present a system for service function chaining that can be readily deployed in mobile networks, without requiring any protocols or network modifications. Our system, named CATENAE, exploits the specific properties of the targeted deployment environment to overcome scalability issues and efficiently implement traffic steering. Using a centralized controller, CATENAE coordinates software‐defined networking software switches to implement a steering method based on MAC address rewriting. Furthermore, we present the design of a hybrid hardware‐software software‐defined networking switch to realize a scalable network traffic classifiers, which CATENAE employs to assign network flows to corresponding function chains. Using experimental evaluations based on physical testbeds, emulated environments, and simulations, we demonstrate that our approach is ready to be deployed in mobile networks, scales to handle expected mobile networks' workloads, introduces no overhead in the (virtual) network functions, and integrates seamlessly with legacy network management systems.
A novel blind traffic analysis technique for detection of WhatsApp VoIP calls
Authors: Cuadra‐Sanchez Antonio , Aracil Javier 
Published: February 2017

SummaryNowadays social media plays a key role in interpersonal communication. Instant messaging applications, such as WhatsApp, are used by billions of users every day. Such application has recently been upgraded to support voice calls, whose traffic is transported over the top of network operators, as many other Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services. In this work, we have characterized WhatsApp voice calls through blind traffic detection, which allows to differentiate WhatsApp calls from other applications, such as sharing video, photo, or messaging. Traditional techniques for detection of VoIP calls cannot be applied to the WhatsApp case because the traffic is obfuscated. Actually, our proposal only takes into account the WhatsApp traffic stream statistical features, and not the packet content. From the operators' point of view, the benefits of such a tool are manifold: from traffic prioritization to bespoke marketing campaigns to users that heavily produce WhatsApp voice calls.
Improvement of pressure distribution to arbitrary geometry with boundary condition represented by polygons in particle method
Authors: Zhang Tiangang , Koshizuka Seiichi , Murotani Kohei , Shibata Kazuya , Ishii Eiji 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe boundary condition represented by polygons in the moving particle semi‐implicit method can accurately represent geometries and treat complex geometry with high efficiency. However, inaccurate wall contribution to the Poisson's equation leads to drastic numerical oscillation. To address this issue, in this research, we analyzed the problems of the Poisson's equation used in the boundary condition represented by polygons. The new Poisson's equation is proposed based on the improved source term (Tanaka and Masunaga, Trans Jpn Soc Comput Eng Sci, 2008). The asymmetric gradient model (Khayyer and Gotoh, Coastal Engineering Journal, 2008) is also adopted to further suppress the numerical oscillation of fluid particles. The proposed method can dramatically improve the pressure distribution to arbitrary geometry in three dimensions and keep the efficiency. Four examples including the hydrostatic simulation, dam break simulation, and two complex geometries are verified to show the general applicability of the proposed method. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted Metabolomics of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana using Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Jaini Rohit , Wang Peng , Dudareva Natalia , Chapple Clint , Morgan John A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe phenylpropanoid pathway is a source of a diverse group of compounds derived from phenylalanine, many of which are involved in lignin biosynthesis and serve as precursors for the production of valuable compounds, such as coumarins, flavonoids, and lignans. Consequently, recent efforts have been invested in mechanistically understanding monolignol biosynthesis, making the quantification of these metabolites vital.ObjectiveTo develop an improved and comprehensive analytical method for (i) extensively profiling, and (ii) accurately quantifiying intermediates of the monolignol biosynthetic network, using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system.MethodA liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization was developed to quantify phenylpropanoid metabolites in Arabidopsis wildtype and cinnamoyl CoA reductase1 (CCR1) deficient lines (ccr1).ResultsVortexing at high temperatures (65°C) enhanced release of phenylpropanoids, specifically the more hydrophobic compounds. A pH of 5.3 and ammonium acetate buffer concentration of 2.5 mM resulted in an optimal analyte response across standards. Ion suppression was estimated using standard spike recovery studies for accurate quantitation. The optimized method was used to profile Arabidopsis wildtype and ccr1 stems. An increase in hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and a decrease in the hydroxycinnamyl aldehydes and alcohols in ccr1 lines, supports a shift of flux from lignin synthesis to other secondary metabolites and phenylpropanoid derivatives.ConclusionsCompared to existing targeted profiling techniques, our method is capable of quantifying a wider range of intermediates (15 out of 22 in WT Arabidopsis stems) at low in vivo concentrations (~50 pmol/g‐FW for certain compounds), while requiring minimal sample preparation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of 1 eV GaNAsSb‐based photovoltaic cell on Si substrate at different growth temperatures
Authors: Yurong Nelvin Leong , Tan Kian Hua , Loke Wan Kai , Wicaksono Satrio , Li Daosheng , Yoon Soon Fatt , Sharma Prithu , Milakovich Tim , Bulsara Mayank T. , Fitzgerald Eugene A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe report the performance of a 1 eV GaNAsSb photovoltaic cell grown on Si/Si–Ge substrate using molecular beam epitaxy at different growth temperatures. The sample grown at 420°C showed the highest energy conversion efficiency, with a short circuit current of 18 mA/cm2 and open circuit voltage of 0.53 V. With different growth temperature, performance of the cells degrade, which is attributed to the increase of nitrogen‐related defects and the decrease of antimony incorporation at higher growth temperature. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Latest generation of halogen‐containing pesticides
Authors: Jeschke Peter 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAgriculture is confronted with enormous challenges, from production of enough high‐quality food to water use, environmental impacts and issues combined with a continually growing world population. Modern agricultural chemistry has to support farmers by providing innovative agrichemicals, used in applied agriculture. In this context, the introduction of halogen atoms into an active ingredient is still an important tool to modulate the properties of new crop protection compounds. Since 2010, around 96% of the launched products (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides/acaricides and nematicides) contain halogen atoms. The launched nematicides contain the largest number of halogen atoms, followed by insecticides/acaricides, herbicides and fungicides. In this context, fungicides and herbicides contain in most cases fluorine atoms, whereas nematicides and insecticides contain in most cases ‘mixed’ halogen atoms, for example chlorine and fluorine. This review gives an overview of the latest generation of halogen‐containing pesticides launched over the past 6 years and describes current halogen‐containing development candidates. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Discrete‐time global leader‐following consensus of a group of general linear systems using bounded controls
Authors: Zhao Zhiyun , Lin Zongli 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis paper deals with the problem of global leader‐following consensus of a group of discrete‐time general linear systems with bounded controls. For each follower agent in the group, we construct both a bounded state feedback control law and a bounded output feedback control law. The feedback laws for each input of an agent use a multi‐hop relay protocol, in which the agent obtains the information of other agents through multi‐hop paths in the communication network. The number of hops each agent uses to obtain its information about other agents for an input is less than or equal to the sum of the number of real eigenvalues on the unit circle and the number of pairs of complex eigenvalues on the unit circle of the subsystem corresponding to the input, and the feedback gains are constructed from the adjacency matrix of the communication network. We show that these control laws achieve global leader‐following consensus when the communication topology among follower agents forms a strongly connected and detailed balanced directed graph and the leader is a neighbor of at least one follower agent. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and Temporal Relationships Between the Invasive Snail Bithynia tentaculata and Submersed Aquatic Vegetation in Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River
Authors: Weeks A. M. , De Jager N. R. , Haro R. J. , Sandland G. J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBithynia tentaculata is an invasive snail that was first reported in Lake Michigan in 1871 and has since spread throughout a number of freshwater systems of the USA. This invasion has been extremely problematic in the Upper Mississippi River as the snails serve as intermediate hosts for several trematode parasites that have been associated with waterfowl mortality in the region. This study was designed to assess the abundance and distribution of B. tentaculata relative to submersed aquatic vegetation as macrophytes provide important nesting and food resources for migrating waterfowl. Temporal changes in both vegetation and snail densities were compared between 2007 and 2015. Between these years, B. tentaculata densities have nearly quadrupled despite minor changes in vegetation abundance, distribution and composition. Understanding the spatial distribution of B. tentaculata in relation to other habitat features, including submersed vegetation, and quantifying any further changes in the abundance and distribution of B. tentaculata over time will be important for better identifying areas of risk for disease transmission to waterfowl. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serelaxin in acute heart failure patients with and without atrial fibrillation: a secondary analysis of the RELAX-AHF trial
Authors: Filippatos Gerasimos , Farmakis Dimitrios , Metra Marco , Cotter Gad , Davison Beth A. , Felker G. Michael , Greenberg Barry H. , Hua Tsushung A. , Pang Peter S. , Ponikowski Piotr , Qian Min , Severin Thomas A. , Voors Adriaan A. , Teerlink John R. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a common comorbidity in HF and affects patients’ outcome. We sought to assess the effects of serelaxin in patients with and without AFib.

Methods
In a post hoc analysis of the RELAX-AHF trial, we compared the effects of serelaxin on efficacy end points, safety end points and biomarkers in 1161 patients with and without AFib on admission electrocardiogram.

Results
AFib was present in 41.3% of patients. Serelaxin had a similar effect in patients with and without AFib, including dyspnea relief by visual analog scale through day 5 [mean change in area under the curve, 541.11 (33.79, 1048.44), p = 0.0366 in AFib versus 361.80 (−63.30, 786.90), p = 0.0953 in non-AFib, interaction p = 0.5954] and all-cause death through day 180 [HR = 0.42 (0.23, 0.77), p = 0.0051 in AFib versus 0.90 (0.53, 1.52), p = 0.6888 in non-AFib, interaction p = 0.0643]. Serelaxin was similarly safe in the two groups and induced similar reductions in biomarkers of cardiac, renal and hepatic damage. Stroke occurred more frequently in AFib patients (2.8 vs. 0.8%, p = 0.0116) and there was a trend for lower stroke incidence in the serelaxin arm in AFib patients (odds ratios, 0.31, p = 0.0759 versus 3.88, p = 0.2255 in non-AFib, interaction p = 0.0518).

Conclusions
Serelaxin was similarly safe and efficacious in improving short- and long-term outcomes and inducing organ protection in acute HF patients with and without AFib.
ProCAID: a phase I clinical trial to combine the AKT inhibitor AZD5363 with docetaxel and prednisolone chemotherapy for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Crabb Simon J. , Birtle Alison J. , Martin Karen , Downs Nichola , Ratcliffe Ian , Maishman Tom , Ellis Mary , Griffiths Gareth , Thompson Stuart , Ksiazek Lidia , Khoo Vincent , Jones Robert J. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackground Docetaxel and prednisolone chemotherapy (DP) extends survival in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, emergent clinical resistance is almost inevitable. AKT pathway activation is highly prevalent in mCRPC contributing to disease progression and DP resistance. AZD5363 is a potent oral pan-AKT inhibitor with pre-clinical data indicating activity in mCRPC and synergy with docetaxel. Methods This phase I trial was to determine an AZD5363 recommended phase II dose (RP2D) for combination with DP. Eligibility criteria included chemotherapy naive mCRPC, PSA or radiographic disease progression and ECOG performance status 0 or 1. Treatment comprised DP (75 mg/m2, IV, day 1 and 5 mg BID, PO, day 1–21 respectively for ten cycles) and AZD5363 to disease progression for all patients. We utilised a 3 + 3 dose escalation design to determine a maximum tolerated dose according to defined dose limiting toxicity criteria assessed using CTCAE version 4.03. Planned AZD5363 dose levels were 320 mg (DL1), 400 mg (DL2) and 480 mg (DL3), BID, PO, 4 days on/3 days off, from day 2 of each cycle. Results 10 patients were treated. Dose limiting toxicities affected 2 patients (grade 3 rash ≥5 days; grade 3 diarrhoea) in DL2. The commonest grade 3 or 4, AZD5363 related, symptomatic adverse events were rash and diarrhoea. Hyperglycaemia affected all patients but was self-limiting. PSA reduction to <50% at 12 weeks occurred in 7 patients. Conclusions The RP2D for AZD5363 is 320 mg BID, 4 days on/3 days off, in combination with full dose DP for mCRPC.
Ellipsoidal analysis of coordination polyhedra
Authors: Cumby James , Attfield J. Paul 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe idea of the coordination polyhedron is essential to understanding chemical structure. Simple polyhedra in crystalline compounds are often deformed due to structural complexity or electronic instabilities so distortion analysis methods are useful. Here we demonstrate that analysis of the minimum bounding ellipsoid of a coordination polyhedron provides a general method for studying distortion, yielding parameters that are sensitive to various orders in metal oxide examples. Ellipsoidal analysis leads to discovery of a general switching of polyhedral distortions at symmetry-disallowed transitions in perovskites that may evidence underlying coordination bistability, and reveals a weak off-centre ‘d5 effect’ for Fe3+ ions that could be exploited in multiferroics. Separating electronic distortions from intrinsic deformations within the low temperature superstructure of magnetite provides new insights into the charge and trimeron orders. Ellipsoidal analysis can be useful for exploring local structure in many materials such as coordination complexes and frameworks, organometallics and organic molecules.
Phase transformation mechanism in lithium manganese nickel oxide revealed by single-crystal hard X-ray microscopy
Authors: Kuppan Saravanan , Xu Yahong , Liu Yijin , Chen Guoying 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the reaction pathway and kinetics of solid-state phase transformation is critical in designing advanced electrode materials with better performance and stability. Despite the first-order phase transition with a large lattice mismatch between the involved phases, spinel LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 is capable of fast rate even at large particle size, presenting an enigma yet to be understood. The present study uses advanced two-dimensional and three-dimensional nano-tomography on a series of well-formed LixMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (0≤x≤1) crystals to visualize the mesoscale phase distribution, as a function of Li content at the sub-particle level. Inhomogeneity along with the coexistence of Li-rich and Li-poor phases are broadly observed on partially delithiated crystals, providing direct evidence for a concurrent nucleation and growth process instead of a shrinking-core or a particle-by-particle process. Superior kinetics of (100) facets at the vertices of truncated octahedral particles promote preferential delithiation, whereas the observation of strain-induced cracking suggests mechanical degradation in the material.
Neutrophils dominate the immune cell composition in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kargl Julia , Busch Stephanie E. , Yang Grace H. Y. , Kim Kyoung-Hee , Hanke Mark L. , Metz Heather E. , Hubbard Jesse J. , Lee Sylvia M. , Madtes David K. , McIntosh Martin W. , Houghton A. McGarry 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is just 20%. To improve this figure, several early phase clinical trials combining novel immunotherapeutics with immune checkpoint blockade have been initiated. Unfortunately, these trials have been designed without a strong foundational knowledge of the immune landscape present in NSCLC. Here, we use a flow cytometry panel capable of measuring 51 immune cell populations to comprehensively identify the immune cell composition and function in NSCLC. The results show that the immune cell composition is fundamentally different in lung adenocarcinoma as compared with lung squamous cell carcinoma, and that neutrophils are the most prevalent immune cell type. Using T-cell receptor-β sequencing and tumour reactivity assays, we predict that tumour reactive T cells are frequently present in NSCLC. These results should help to guide the design of clinical trials and the direction of future research in this area.
Reference genes for gene expression studies in the mouse heart
Authors: Ruiz-Villalba Adrián , Mattiotti Andrea , Gunst Quinn D. , Cano-Ballesteros Sara , van den Hoff Maurice J. B. , Ruijter Jan M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo be accurate, quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) studies require a set of stable reference genes for normalization. This is especially critical in cardiac research because of the diversity of the clinical and experimental conditions in the field. We analyzed the stability of previously described as potential reference genes in different subsets of cardiac tissues, each representing a different field in cardiac research. The qPCR dataset was based on 119 different tissue samples derived from cardiac development to pathology in mouse adult hearts. These samples were grouped into 47 tissue types. The stability of 9 candidate genes was analyzed in each of 12 experimental conditions comprising different groupings of these tissue types. Expression stability was determined with the geNorm module ofqbase+. This analysis showed that different sets of two or three reference genes are required for analysis of qPCR data in different experimental conditions in murine cardiac research.
Dealloying-based interpenetrating-phase nanocomposites matching the elastic behavior of human bone
Authors: Okulov I. V. , Weissmüller J. , Markmann J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe long-term performance of orthopedic implants depends crucially on a close match between the mechanical behavior of bone and of the implant material. Yet, the present man-made materials with the required biocompatibility and strength are substantially stiffer than bone. This mismatch results in stress shielding, which can lead to the loss of bone mass and may even lead to a revision surgery. Here we report a new materials design strategy towards metal-polymer composites that are based on constituents with established biocompatibility and that can be matched to bone. Ti-based nanoporous alloys, prepared by liquid-metal dealloying, are infiltrated with epoxy to form interpenetrating-phase nanocomposites. At up to 260 MPa, their yield strength is technologically interesting for a deformable light-weight material. More importantly, Young’s modulus can be adjusted between 4.4 and 24 GPa, which affords matching to bone. As another parallel to bone, the strength of the composite materials is strain-rate dependent. These findings suggest that the novel composite materials may provide the basis for promising future implant materials.
Impact of salt stress, cell death, and autophagy on peroxisomes: quantitative and morphological analyses using small fluorescent probe N-BODIPY
Authors: Fahy Deirdre , Sanad Marwa N. M. E. , Duscha Kerstin , Lyons Madison , Liu Fuquan , Bozhkov Peter , Kunz Hans-Henning , Hu Jianping , Neuhaus H. Ekkehard , Steel Patrick G. , Smertenko Andrei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPlant peroxisomes maintain a plethora of key life processes including fatty acid β-oxidation, photorespiration, synthesis of hormones, and homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Abundance of peroxisomes in cells is dynamic; however mechanisms controlling peroxisome proliferation remain poorly understood because measuring peroxisome abundance is technically challenging. Counting peroxisomes in individual cells of complex organs by electron or fluorescence microscopy is expensive and time consuming. Here we present a simple technique for quantifying peroxisome abundance using the small probe Nitro-BODIPY, which in vivo fluoresces selectively inside peroxisomes. The physiological relevance of our technique was demonstrated using salinity as a known inducer of peroxisome proliferation. While significant peroxisome proliferation was observed in wild-type Arabidopsis leaves following 5-hour exposure to NaCl, no proliferation was detected in the salt-susceptible mutants fry1-6, sos1-14, and sos1-15. We also found that N-BODIPY detects aggregation of peroxisomes during final stages of programmed cell death and can be used as a marker of this stage. Furthermore, accumulation of peroxisomes in an autophagy-deficient Arabidopsis mutant atg5 correlated with N-BODIPY labeling. In conclusion, the technique reported here enables quantification of peroxisomes in plant material at various physiological settings. Its potential applications encompass identification of genes controlling peroxisome homeostasis and capturing stress-tolerant genotypes.