bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swin Transformer-based automatic delineation of the hippocampus by MRI in hippocampus-sparing whole-brain radiotherapy
Authors: Li Liang , Lu Zhennan , Jiang Aijun , Sha Guanchen , Luo Zhaoyang , Xie Xin , Ding Xin 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to develop and validate SwinHS, a deep learning-based automatic segmentation model designed for precise hippocampus delineation in patients receiving hippocampus-protected whole-brain radiotherapy. By streamlining this process, we seek to significantly improve workflow efficiency for clinicians.MethodsA total of 100 three-dimensional T1-weighted MR images were collected, with 70 patients allocated for training and 30 for testing. Manual delineation of the hippocampus was performed according to RTOG0933 guidelines. The SwinHS model, which incorporates a 3D ELSA Transformer module and an sSE CNN decoder, was trained and tested on these datasets. To prove the effectiveness of SwinHS, this study compared the segmentation performance of SwinHS with that of V-Net, U-Net, ResNet and VIT. Evaluation metrics included the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Jaccard similarity coefficient (JSC), and Hausdorff distance (HD). Dosimetric evaluation compared radiotherapy plans generated using automatic segmentation (plan AD) versus manual hippocampus segmentation (plan MD).ResultsSwinHS outperformed four advanced deep learning-based models, achieving an average DSC of 0.894, a JSC of 0.817, and an HD of 3.430 mm. Dosimetric evaluation revealed that both plan (AD) and plan (MD) met treatment plan constraints for the target volume (PTV). However, the hippocampal Dmax in plan (AD) was significantly greater than that in plan (MD), approaching the 17 Gy constraint limit. Nonetheless, there were no significant differences in D100% or maximum doses to other critical structures between the two plans.ConclusionCompared with manual delineation, SwinHS demonstrated superior segmentation performance and a significantly shorter delineation time. While plan (AD) met clinical requirements, caution should be exercised regarding hippocampal Dmax. SwinHS offers a promising tool to enhance workflow efficiency and facilitate hippocampal protection in radiotherapy planning for patients with brain metastases.
Altered brain texture features in end-stage renal disease patients: a voxel-based 3D brain texture analysis study
Authors: Fang Jie , Xu Hongting , Zhou Yu , Zou Fan , Zuo Jiangle , Wu Jinmin , Wu Qi , Qi Xiangming , Wang Haibao 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionCognitive impairment in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with brain structural damage. However, no prior studies have investigated the relationship between brain texture features and the cognitive function in ESRD patients. This study aimed to investigate changes in brain texture features in ESRD patients and their relationships with cognitive function using voxel-based 3D brain texture analysis (TA), and further predict individual cognitive-related brain damage in ESRD patients.MethodsForty-seven ESRD patients and 45 control subjects underwent whole-brain high-resolution 3D T1-weighted imaging scans and neuropsychological assessments. The voxel-based 3D brain TA was performed to examine inter-group differences in brain texture features. Additionally, within the ESRD group, the relationships of altered texture features with neuropsychological function and clinical indicators were analyzed. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive ability of brain texture features for cognitive-related brain damage in ESRD patients.ResultsCompared to the control group, the ESRD group exhibited altered texture features in several brain regions, including the insula, temporal lobe, striatum, cerebellum, and fusiform gyrus (p &lt; 0.05, Gaussian random-field correction). Some of these altered texture features were associated with scores from the Digit Symbol Substitution Test and the Trail Making Test Parts A (p &lt; 0.05), and showed significant correlations with serum creatinine and calcium levels within the ESRD group (p &lt; 0.05). Notably, ROC curve analysis revealed that the texture features in the right insula and left middle temporal gyrus could accurately predict cognitive-related brain damage in ESRD patients, with the area under the curve values exceeding 0.90.ConclusionAberrant brain texture features may be involved in the neuropathological mechanism of cognitive decline, and have high accuracy in predicting cognitive-related brain damage in ESRD patients. TA offers a novel neuroimaging marker to explore the neuropathological mechanisms of cognitive impairment in ESRD patients, and may be a valuable tool to predict cognitive decline.
Association between diverse obesity indicators and sleep quality in elderly Chinese people: a National Study
Authors: Liang Zhenzhen , Jin Wei , Huang Li , Chen Huajian 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe association between obesity indicators and sleep quality remains unclear among elderly Chinese people. Therefore, we aimed to assess this association by utilizing data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS).MethodsA total of 10,505 participants aged 65 and above from the 2018 CLHLS were included. Calculate body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) based on measured weight, height, and waist circumference. Based on BMI values, individuals were classified as underweight (&lt;18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–23.9 kg/m2) and overweight or obesity (BMI ≥24 kg/m2). In the survey, sleep quality was rated in a 5-point format (“1 = very good,” “2 = good,” “3 = fair,” “4 = poor,” or “5 = very poor”), and we categorized “1” and “2” as good sleep quality and “3,” “4,” and “5” as poor sleep quality. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with subgroup analysis and restricted-cubic-spline (RCS) conducted.ResultsThe prevalence of poor sleep quality was 47.06%. There are significant differences in obesity indicators and other factors between the two groups of people with good sleep and poor sleep. After adjusting for potential confounding factors (including demographics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle behaviors, health-related issues and activities of daily living), our analyses revealed significant negative associations of BMI [OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.95–0.98)], WC [OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.98–0.99)] and WHtR [OR 0.18 (95% CI 0.09–0.35)] with poor sleep quality. RCS regression also showed that BMI, WC, WHtR and WWI were all strongly negatively correlated with poor sleep quality.ConclusionsIn elderly Chinese people, overweight/obese elderly people may have a better sleep quality compared to elderly people with normal weight, while underweight elderly people are unfavorable for sleep quality.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer: a bibliometric analysis, 2004–2023
Authors: Sun Lamei , Zhang Rong , Gu Yidan , Huang Lei , Jin Chunhui 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundAn increasing number of studies have turned their lens to the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC).ObjectiveTo clarify and visualize the basic situation, research hotspots, and development trends of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, and provide clues for research in the future.MethodsOn January 31, 2024, the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was searched to screen and export the relevant research published during 2004-2023, and Cite Space, VoSviewer, Bibliometrix were used to visualize the number of publications, countries (regions), institutions, journals, authors, citations, keywords, etc.ResultsA total of 2715 pieces of literature were included. The number of publications grew slowly until the end of 2016, but rapidly after 2017, till to the peak of 798 in 2023. A total of 92 countries, 3997 organizations, and 15,667 authors were involved in this research. Chinese scholars released the highest number of publications, and the U.S. contributed the highest number of total citations. As to authors, MORI, YUICHI had the highest number of publications, and WANG, PU had the highest number of total citations. According to the analysis of citations and keywords, the current research hotspots are mainly related to “Colonoscopy”, “Polyp Segmentation”, “Digital Pathology”, “Radiomics”, “prognosis”.ConclusionResearch on the application of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC has made significant progress and is flourishing across the world. Current research hotspots include AI-assisted early screening and diagnosis, pathology, and staging, and prognosis assessment, and future research is predicted to put weight on multimodal data fusion, personalized treatment, and drug development.
Clinical outcomes and impact of prognostic factors in resectable oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Abu Taha Shatha , Abu Hejleh Taher , Wahbeh Lina , Alzibdeh Abdulla , Berawi Mohammad , Qambar Mohamed , Mukahal Mohammad , Abuhijla Fawzi , Abu-Hijlih Ramiz , Taqash Ayat , Hussein Tariq , Alrousan Medyan , Saraireh Omar Al , Al-Gargaz Wisam , Al-Ibraheem Akram , Ghatasheh Hamza , Hosni Ali , Mohamad Issa 
Published: October 2024

PurposeTo evaluate clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in non-metastatic oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) patients who underwent surgery with or without adjuvant therapy.MethodsFrom 2007 and 2018, 116 patients were analyzed. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS), local failure (LF), regional failure (RF), and distant metastases (DM). Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test assessed survival outcomes, while Cox proportional hazard tests analyzed prognostic factors.ResultsMedian patient age was 53 years, most were smokers (93.5%) and males (62.9%). Predominant subsite was the oral tongue (58.6%). Treatment included surgery alone (16.4%), adjuvant radiotherapy (46.6%), or adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) (37%). The median follow-up time was 45.9 months. There were significant differences between groups in terms of gender (P=0.028) and RT dose (P=0.01). The 3-year OS, DFS, LF, RF and DM for the entire cohort were 60.9%, 55.1%, 20.11%, 8.43%, and 17.13%, respectively. Surgery alone yielded higher 3-year OS (81.4%) than adjuvant RT (70%) or adjuvant CCRT (41.4%), (p=0.012). Adjuvant CCRT correlated with higher LF compared to adjuvant RT and surgery alone groups (p=0.029). Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) impacted OS (HR=2.034, p=0.0498) and DM (HR=3.380, p=0.0132), while higher tumor grade increased DM likelihood (HR=8.477, p=0.0379).ConclusionsThis study reports OCSCC patient outcomes in Jordan across different treatment modalities. Adjuvant CCRT correlated with higher LF rates, and LVI impacted OS and DM, aligning with existing OCSCC treatment literature.
Incidental findings of borderline ovarian tumor or ovarian cancer – real-world data on surgical and oncological outcomes
Authors: Joder Carmen , Smaadahl-Wey Celine , Zumwald Lara , Saner Flurina , Rauh Claudia , Hofer Seline , Wampfler Julian , Schlootz Saskia , Rau Tilman , Christe Lucine , Solass Wiebke , Imboden Sara , Mueller Michael David , Siegenthaler Franziska 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionCentralization of ovarian cancer treatment is associated with higher rates of optimal surgery and longer survival. However, preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer is challenging and some diagnoses are made incidentally after surgery. This study investigated the surgical and oncological outcomes of patients with incidental findings of borderline ovarian tumors or ovarian cancer who were centralized postoperatively and treated with a two-stage surgical procedure, and compared these with those of patients with adnexal masses of suspected malignancy who were offered a single-stage surgical procedure with intraoperative frozen section in a tertiary hospital.MethodsA database of 390 patients with adnexal masses and surgical treatment at the Bern University Hospital, Switzerland was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients with borderline ovarian tumors or ovarian cancer between 2010 and 2020.ResultsAmong 390 patients with adnexal masses, 223 were diagnosed with a borderline ovarian tumor or ovarian cancer. Compared with patients with suspected malignancy and a centralized single-stage surgical procedure, patients with an incidental postoperative malignancy diagnosis and a two-stage surgical procedure underwent more surgical interventions (1.3 vs. 2.1 p&lt;.001) and had a longer time interval from diagnosis to initiation of chemotherapy (33.3 vs. 45.1 p=.005) and to completion of surgical cytoreduction (31.9 vs. 73.7 days, p&lt;.001). However, there were no differences in the rates of complete cytoreduction (90.0% vs. 93.2%, p=.719), intraoperative (11.3% vs. 13.7%, p=.664) or postoperative (38.7% vs. 37.0%, p=.884) complication rates, and number of hospitalization days (11.1 vs. 12.0 days, p=.369). An incidental diagnosis of malignancy with postoperative referral was neither associated with an increased risk of recurrence (hazard ratio (HR) 0.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6-1.8, p=.839) nor death (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.1, p=.113), and there was no difference in mean recurrence-free survival between the study subgroups.DiscussionAlthough patients with incidental findings of borderline ovarian tumors or ovarian cancer treated with a two-stage surgical procedure had a longer time to completion of surgical staging and initiation of chemotherapy, our results showed no negative impact on oncological outcomes.
Enhancing production efficiency through optimizing plant density in maize–soybean strip intercropping
Authors: Li Guanghao , Liang Yuwen , Liu Qiannan , Zeng Jinghan , Ren Qingming , Guo Jian , Xiong Fei , Lu Dalei 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionDue to limited arable land resources, intercropping has emerged as an efficient and sustainable production method for increasing total grain yield per unit land area. Maize–soybean strip intercropping (MSSI) technology is being widely promoted and applied across China. However, the combination of optimal density for achieving higher production efficiency of both soybean and maize remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in yield, economic benefits, land, and nitrogen (N) efficiency in MSSI systems under different densities.MethodsFive maize/soybean density combinations (67,500/97,500 plants ha−1, D1; 67,500/120,000 plants ha−1, D2; 67,500/142,500 plants ha−1, D3; 60,000/142,500 plants ha−1, D4; 52,500/142,500 plants ha−1, D5) were set under the same N input in the field experiment.Results and discussionThe results demonstrated that optimizing the density in the intercropping system could enhance production efficiency. Increasing the density of soybean and maize significantly increased the total grain yield (D3 &gt; D2 &gt; D1 &gt; D4 &gt; D5). The D3 treatment, exhibiting the best comprehensive performance, also promoted increases in leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, and N absorption and utilization. Path analysis indicated that density had the most substantial impact on maize yield, while grain number had the greatest influence on soybean yield, with contribution rates of 49.7% and 61.0%, respectively. These results provide valuable insights into optimal field density for summer planting in MSSI, facilitating its wider adoption.
Contributions of a time use perspective in community mental health practice: a scoping review
Authors: Fossey Ellie , Doroud Nastaran , Harvey Carol Ann , Dun Carolyn , Hitch Danielle , Farnworth Louise , Krupa Terry 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionTime use is an important indicator of health and well-being. Exploration of time use can provide in-depth information about individuals’ activity patterns including routines and structure, the experience of activities, personal priorities and challenges. People experiencing severe mental illness may be at particular risk for time use patterns associated with poor health and wellbeing. MethodsThis scoping review aimed to identify and map the evidence about how a time use perspective informs assessment and intervention in community mental health practice. Electronic databases and hand-searches were used to identify relevant studies involving people with severe mental illness, and focused on time use applications in practice. Twenty-nine studies were included in this review, data-extracted and synthesized with reference to the review question. ResultsOf the twenty-nine identified studies, seven described development and psychometric testing of time use assessments; twelve used time use tools to measure outcomes; and ten described or evaluated time use intervention approaches. The identified time use assessments typically involved retrospective diaries completed before or during structured interviews, and an Experience Sampling Method using smart technology to gather activity data in real time. Both psychosocial and occupational interventions used time use to measure outcomes relevant to activity engagement, social functioning, and personal recovery. The identified time use interventions originated in occupational therapy; included structured manuals and workbooks to enable reflection on daily time use; individual or group sessions to collaborate in identifying priorities, goal planning and supporting desired changes to activity patterns. These interventions were viewed favorably overall, with improved activity engagement, quality of life, and personal recovery reported. DiscussionTime use assessments evaluate outcomes of importance to personal recovery and community inclusion. Time use interventions address activity patterns associated with poor health and wellbeing, using collaborative and supported activity engagement approaches, and contribute to emerging evidence on interventions that support personal recovery. Furthering peer involvement in developing and delivering these interventions will bring important insights to time use practice and research, while the social forces that marginalize or constrain activity participation for people with severe mental illness also need to be addressed to advance time use and other approaches that aim to support community inclusion.
Highfield imaging of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in uni- and bipolar depression
Authors: Buchholz Frederik , Meffert Martin , Bazin Pierre-Louis , Trampel Robert , Turner Robert , Schönknecht Peter 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex (sgACC), as a part of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and the limbic system plays a crucial role in mood regulation. Previous structural and functional brain imaging studies of the sgACC have revealed alterations of Gray Matter (GM) volumes and Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent signals (BOLD) in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD), suggesting potential biomarker traits for affective disorders.MethodIn this study we investigated the gray matter volume of the sgACC in 3 different patient groups: 40 MDD patients, of which 20 were medicated (MDDm) and 20 were unmedicated (MDDu), and 21 medicated BD patients, and compared them with 23 healthy volunteers. We examined GM volume alteration using high-resolution 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which produced quantitative maps of the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1). T1 maps provide high contrast between gray and white matter, and at 7 Tesla voxels with submillimeter resolution can be acquired in a reasonable scan time. We developed a semi-automatic segmentation protocol based on refined landmarks derived from previous volumetric studies using quantitative T1 maps as raw input data for automatic tissue segmentation of GM, WM and CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) tissue. The sgACC ROI was then superimposed on these tissue probability maps and traced manually by two independent raters (F.B., M.M.) following our semi-automatic segmentation protocol. Interrater reliability was calculated on a subset of 10 brain scans for each hemisphere, showing an Intra-Class Correlation coefficient (ICC) r = 0.96 for left sgACC and r = 0.84 for right sgACC respectively. In summary, we have developed a reproducible and reliable semi-automatic segmentation protocol to measure gray matter volume in the sgACC. Based on previous findings from meta-analyses on morphometric studies of the sgACC, we hypothesized that patients with MDD would have lower gray matter sgACC volumes compared to healthy subjects.ResultsPost-hoc analysis revealed smaller subgenual volumes for the left hemisphere in both the medicated (MDDm) and non-medicated (MDDu) group versus healthy controls (p = .001, p = .008) respectively. For the right hemisphere, the (MDDu) and BD group exhibited significantly lower subgenual volumes than healthy controls (p &lt; .001, p = .004) respectively.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first morphometric MRI study using T1 maps obtained in high-resolution 7 Tesla MRI to compare MDD and BD patients with healthy controls.
Linking personal initiative and family help as well as social support: a case study of learning challenges and solutions for older adults in rural China during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cheng Hao 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic has caused serious damage to the continuous learning of older adults around the world. While the existing literature focused more on older adults’ learning in developed countries, few studies explored older adults’ learning in developing countries with low social and cultural capital.MethodsThis study took family-school cooperation in China as the platform and explored learning challenges and solutions through unstructured interviews with 12 older adults.ResultsThe study found that due to policies of working and studying from home, older adults face obstacles in accessing physical learning institutions and digital learning knowledge, skills, and psychology. I further found that the older adults were not forced to accept the challenge passively, but created a lifelong learning model with Chinese characteristics by building self-learning based on personal initiative, developing sustainable intergenerational learning rooted in Chinese family culture, and participating in online learning in schools and enterprises under the government guidance.ConclusionThis study provided new knowledge for understanding the learning challenges and solutions of older adults in rural China. It is emphasized that policy value and practice enlightenment were highlighted and discussed in conversations with active aging, intergenerational learning, and harmonious societies.