bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing money laundering risks in commercial letters of credit
Authors: Chhina Ramandeep Kaur 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the role of banks in detecting and mitigating money laundering risks in trade finance activities, especially in commercial letters of credit, and to answer the central question: do banks comply with regulations that are inadequate (if so, is more stringent regulation compatible with the commercial world of trade finance?), or are banks are in danger of non-compliance?

Design/methodology/approach
The relevant principles promulgated by international organisations as well as the law enacted in UK to prevent money laundering risks in commercial letters of credit was examined to assess banks’ compliance with their anti-money laundering (AML) obligations. The key provisions of the Money Laundering Regulations 2007, Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 and the Wolfsberg Trade Finance Principles were discussed, and the extent of banks’ compliance with these provisions was highlighted by carefully analysing the steps a bank might take at various stages of the operation of a commercial letter of credit and what the banks in fact do. The paper relies heavily on the findings of the recent study conducted by the Financial Conduct Authority (UK) to analyse the actual practice followed by UK banks in controlling money laundering risks in transactions involving commercial letters of credit.

Findings
The paper establishes that considering the formal nature of commercial letters of credit (which makes them independent from the underlying transaction), any stringent measures to regulate trade finance activities of a bank may destroy the effectiveness of commercial letters of credit as a tool for promoting international trade. The current law and regulations together with the Joint Money Laundering Steering Group Sectoral Guidance and the Wolfsberg Principles provide the requisite legal and regulatory framework to control money laundering risks in commercial letters of credit. The paper however establishes that the majority of banks in UK currently appear to be in danger of non-compliance with the UK AML regime and certainly need to meet their AML obligations in a more serious way.

Practical implications
The findings may influence banks to adopt a more vigilant approach in their trade finance activities and to undertake more responsibility in ensuring compliance with the current AML law and regulations, while highlighting that their current practice may put them in danger of non-compliance.

Originality/value
The paper demonstrates in an exceptional way the legal and regulatory requirements for banks to prevent money laundering risks in their trade finance activities and where, in practice, the banks are falling short of compliance with these requirements. By adopting a step-by-step approach in evaluating banks’ “current-and-must have” approach to controlling money laundering risks at various stages of a commercial letter, the paper makes a valuable contribution to the study of combating money laundering in commercial letter of credit transactions.
Mannequin system for the self-training of nurses in the changing of clothes
Authors: Ogata Taiki , Nagata Ayanori , Huang Zhifeng , Katayama Takahiro , Kanai-Pak Masako , Maeda Jukai , Kitajima Yasuko , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Aida Kyoko , Kuwahara Noriaki , Ota Jun 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– For self-training of nursing students, this paper developed a mannequin to simulate and measure the movement of a patient’s arms while nurses changed the patient’s clothes on a bed. In addition, using the mannequin the purpose of this paper is to determine the difference in the handling of a patient’s arms between nursing teachers and students.

Design/methodology/approach
– The target patient was an old man with complete paralysis. Three-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) shoulder joints and one-DOF elbow joints were applied to the mannequin. The angles of all joints were measured using a potentiometer, and those angles were transmitted to a computer via Bluetooth.

Findings
– In a preliminary experiment, the two nursing teachers confirmed that the mannequin arms simulated the motion of the arms of a paralyzed patient. In the experiment, two teachers and six students changed the clothes of the mannequin. The average joint angle of the left elbow and the moving frequency of the left elbow, right shoulder adduction/abduction and right shoulder internal/external rotation were lower in the case of teachers dressing the mannequin than when students were dressing it.

Originality/value
– The proposed system can simulate a completely paralyzed patient that nursing students would normally be almost unable to train with. Additionally, the proposed approach can reveal differences between skilled and non-skilled people in the treatment of a patient’s body.
An empirical examination of the mediating influence of time management on the relationship between adult attention deficit and role stress
Authors: Coetzer Graeme 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to conduct an empirical examination of the mediating influence of time management (TM) on relationship between adult attention deficit (AAD) and role stress (RS).Design/methodology/approach– In total, 117 actively employed business graduate students completed a self-report measure of RS and identified two close associates, one of which completed an observer version of the Brown Attention Deficit Scale while the other complete an observer version of a TM measure. Product moment correlations were used to test the hypotheses that AAD, TM and RS were associated. The Sobel test of mediation was used to test the hypothesis that TM mediated the relationship between AAD and RS.Findings– AAD, TM and RS are associated with each other and TM partially mediates the relationship between AAD and RS.Research limitations/implications– Research study is limited by a measure of AAD that may not fully represent all the key symptom clusters and an indirect workplace sample. Further investigation of AAD symptoms, including potentially positive manifestations like entre/intrapreneurial cognition and behavior, is required to stabilize the content, structure and measurement of the construct.Practical implications– Organizations wishing to ensure timely completion of tasks and limit disruptive RS need to be aware of the influence of AAD. The provision of TM training, productivity management tools and an organized work space free of distractions is suggested for disordered employees. Various forms of organizational coaching including a peer coaching system may help disordered employees better manage both their time and their role. The effective design and management of teams represents a significant opportunity for effectively distributing the potential benefits of the disorder while managing deficits like poor TM and increased RS. Organizational development interventions that focus on TM and role (re)negotiation are suggested. Employee assistance programs that raise awareness and provide access to assessment are an important part of multimodal management of the disorder.Social implications– Increasing social, economic and legal pressures to provide reasonable accommodation for functional but disordered employees and take appropriate advantage of employee diversity underscores the general social value of this research.Originality/value– This research study is the first empirical examination of the mediating influence of TM on the relationship between AAD and RS. The results are of value to researchers, organizational development specialists, human resource management specialists, managers and employees who are seeking effective multimodal management of the disorder in the workplace.
Organizational socialization tactics and newcomer information seeking in the contingent workforce
Authors: Benzinger Diana 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to compare newcomers’ perceptions on how employers structure the socialization process in the core and peripheral workforce and to explore the proactivity of these new hires in form of information seeking behavior.Design/methodology/approach– The data of this study were collected from a German sample with 359 contingent and permanent new hires in skilled jobs.Findings– The employment type was linked to both socialization tactics firms provided during organizational entry as well as information seeking of permanent and contingent newcomers. In addition, organizational tenure was positively linked with information seeking of both newly hired temporary agency workers and newcomers holding fixed-term contracts.Research limitations/implications– Since most of the participants worked for different employers, differences in socialization might also be caused by different organizational cultures. Future studies should compare the socialization of new permanent and new temporary workers on an inter-organizational and intra-organizational level.Practical implications– For skilled jobs firms should offer long-term assignments for temporary agency workers, as they are associated with higher proactivity. Further, firms should intensify the socialization of newcomers holding longer-term work contracts, as these employees may tend to show lower proactivity.Social implications– A structured organizational entry of skilled temporary agency workers may represent a stepping stone for permanent employment due to improved work attitudes and behaviors.Originality/value– This is the first study that examines employment characteristics as potential determinants of organizational socialization tactics. In addition, the study uses a German sample and therefore, follows recent calls for more research on organizational socialization in non-Anglo-Saxon work contexts.
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a patient with pustular psoriasis with an IL‐36RN deficiency treated with infliximab: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Podlipnik Sebastian , de la Mora Lorena , Alsina Mercè , Mascaró José M 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a relatively rare complication in non‐HIV patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Since the introduction of tumour necrosis factor‐α inhibitors cases of this complication have increased. We report the case of a 54‐year‐old, HIV‐negative patient, who presented to our department with a long history of pustular psoriasis with poor response to traditional treatments. During the last admission he developed a severe flare that was unresponsive to cyclosporine, therefore infliximab was initiated. After the third dose he developed PCP that required admission to the intensive care unit, with a positive response to i.v. administration of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. During follow up a mutation in the IL36RN gene compatible with an IL‐36RN deficiency was found and anakinra was started, with rapid improvement of his psoriasis. PCP is a severe complication in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy and is probably underreported by dermatologists. There are no clinical guidelines for PCP prophylaxis in dermatological patients who will receive immunosuppressive or biological treatments. We believe that it is necessary to report the cases of PCP to assess the real impact of this complication and develop appropriate prophylaxis guidelines.
Simple Plex™: A Novel Multi‐Analyte, Automated Microfluidic Immunoassay Platform for the Detection of Human and Mouse Cytokines and Chemokines
Authors: Aldo Paulomi , Marusov Gregory , Svancara Danielle , David James , Mor Gil 
Published: May 2016

ProblemQuantitative measurement of proteins in bodily fluids or cellular preparations is critical for the evaluation of biomarkers or the study of complex cellular processes. While immunoassays are the most common quantitative approach used so far, they are not practical for the evaluation of multiple proteins. Microfluidic technology allows a fine spatial control in immobilizing proteins and biomolecules inside microchannels, eliminating cross‐reactivity between competing analytes, and allowing rapid and sensitive detection of targeted antigens for multiple applications. We report the characterization and validation of the Simple Plex™ platform for the detection and quantification of cytokines and chemokines from human and mouse samples.MethodCytokine and chemokine expression levels were determined using Simple Plex cartridges from ProteinSimple. Serum samples were obtained from the Yale Biorepository.ResultsOur data demonstrate an excellent correlation between the results obtained with Simple Plex and conventional immunoassays such as ELISA and Luminex.ConclusionWe describe the characterization and validation of Simple Plex, a novel multi‐analyte, automated microfluidic platform that allows the evaluation of cytokines and chemokines from human and mice biological samples. Simple Plex showed significant advantages over traditional approaches in terms of low sample volume requirements, sensitivity and dynamic range, coefficient of variation, and reproducibility.
A behavioural nutrition intervention for obese pregnant women: Effects on diet quality, weight gain and the incidence of gestational diabetes
Authors: Opie Rachelle S. , Neff Madeleine , Tierney Audrey C. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundObese pregnant women have an increased risk of antenatal, intra‐ and post‐partum complications. At present, there is limited evidence to support specific nutritional management of obese women in pregnancy, and guidelines are infrequently translated into practice.AimsTo implement an individually tailored nutrition program for obese pregnant women to reduce the rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), improve diet quality, achieve weight gain targets, limit gestational weight gain (GWG) and reduce complications for mother and child.MethodsA prospective dietary intervention study was conducted at a hospital in Melbourne, Australia, using a parallel control group from the Birthing Outcomes System (BOS) database. Obese pregnant women were included if they were ≤21 weeks gestation and aged ≥18 years. The intervention group received one face‐to‐face dietitian‐delivered consultation, with reviews conducted over the phone.ResultsA total of 92 and 125 obese pregnant women were enrolled into the dietary intervention group and BOS control group, respectively. The diet quality of intervention participants improved, without significant differences in GWG across groups. In the control group, 19.3% of women developed GDM, compared to 6.5% in the diet group (P 0.013). However, after adjusting for ethnicity and body mass index, the association between the diet group and GDM incidence was no longer significant.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that a behavioural nutrition intervention, individually tailored for obese pregnant women can improve diet quality. A larger randomised controlled trial targeted at obese pregnant women, with comparable groups at baseline, is required to observe the effects of dietary improvement on GDM incidence, and other maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Mothers with gestational diabetes are more likely to give birth to children who experience early weight problems
Authors: Hakanen T , Saha MT , Salo MK , Nummi T , Harjunmaa U , Lipiäinen L , Vuorela N 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimWe tracked the body mass index (BMI) of children born to mothers with or without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or type 1 diabetes from birth to 12 years of age and examined the trends in both diseases.MethodsAntenatal and postnatal health survey data were collected from 6909 Finnish children born at six time points between 1974 and 2004. We compared the BMI trajectory between the offspring of mothers with and without GDM or type 1 diabetes, and the association between GDM and overweight offspring was analysed.ResultsThe prevalence of GDM and type 1 diabetes increased markedly over the study period. The BMI trajectory in the GDM or type 1 diabetes offspring differed significantly from the nondiabetic offspring. The timing of adiposity rebound occurred significantly earlier in the GDM (4.8 years) and type 1 diabetes (4.4 years) groups than the nondiabetic group (5.5 years). GDM offspring were more likely to be overweight at five, seven and 12 years of age (24.6%, 28.1%, 29.4%) than nondiabetic offspring (15.6%, 18.3%, 18.1%).ConclusionChildren born to mothers with GDM were significantly more likely to be overweight at an early age than those born to nondiabetic mothers.
Estradiol stimulates glycogen synthesis whereas progesterone promotes glycogen catabolism in the uterus of the American mink (Neovison vison)
Authors: Bowman Kole , Rose Jack 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGlycogen synthesis by mink uterine glandular and luminal epithelia (GE and LE) is stimulated by estradiol (E2) during estrus. Subsequently, the glycogen deposits are mobilized to near completion to meet the energy requirements of pre‐embryonic development and implantation by as yet undetermined mechanisms. We hypothesized that progesterone (P4) was responsible for catabolism of uterine glycogen reserves as one of its actions to ensure reproductive success. Mink were treated with E2, P4 or vehicle (controls) for 3 days and uteri collected 24 h (E2, P4 and vehicle) and 96 h (E2) later. To evaluate E2 priming, mink were treated with E2 for 3 days, then P4 for an additional 3 days (E2→P4) and uteri collected 24 h later. Percent glycogen content of uterine epithelia was greater at E2 + 96 h (GE = 5.71 ± 0.55; LE = 11.54 ± 2.32) than E2+24 h (GE = 3.63 ± 0.71; LE = 2.82 ± 1.03), and both were higher than controls (GE = 0.27 ± 0.15; LE = 0.54 ± 0.30; P < 0.05). Treatment as E2→P4 reduced glycogen content (GE = 0.61 ± 0.16; LE = 0.51 ± 0.13), to levels not different from controls, while concomitantly increasing catabolic enzyme (glycogen phosphorylase m and glucose‐6‐phosphatase) gene expression and amount of phospho‐glycogen synthase protein (inactive) in uterine homogenates. Interestingly, E2→P4 increased glycogen synthase 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and hexokinase 1mRNA and protein. Our findings suggest to us that while E2 promotes glycogen accumulation by the mink uterus during estrus and pregnancy, it is P4 that induces uterine glycogen catabolism, releasing the glucose that is essential to support pre‐embryonic survival and implantation.
Stress exposure and psychological stress responses are related to glucose concentrations during pregnancy
Authors: Horsch Antje , Kang Ji Seon , Vial Yvan , Ehlert Ulrike , Borghini Ayala , Marques‐Vidal Pedro , Jacobs Ingo , Puder Jardena J. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesThe role of stress in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has so far been neglected. We investigated the impact of stress exposure (pregnancy‐related and pregnancy‐unrelated major life events), psychological stress responses (perceived stress, subjective experience of stress, anxiety, depression, sleep), and physiological stress responses (salivary cortisol, plasma copeptin levels) on glucose concentrations during pregnancy.DesignCross‐sectional study, including 203 pregnant women at the maternity department of a Swiss university hospital.MethodsAll women underwent routine screening for GDM with a 75‐g oral glucose‐tolerance test at 24–30 weeks of gestation. Pregnancy‐related and pregnancy‐unrelated major life events, perceived stress, general psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and amount of sleep were assessed by validated self‐report questionnaires. Cortisol was measured using fasting and bedtime saliva samples, and copeptin using fasting plasma. All data were collected before communication of the screening test results.ResultsSignificant positive associations were found between the number of pregnancy‐related major life events and fasting glucose, while there was no association with pregnancy‐unrelated major life events. More anxiety and depressive symptoms, a higher general level of distress, and a shorter duration of sleep were related to fasting glucose, although the latter two were no longer significant when age and BMI were controlled for. However, physiological stress responses were not associated with glucose concentrations. When testing for unique associations with fasting glucose, more general distress and shorter duration of sleep independently accounted for higher fasting glucose levels. Finally, when comparing women with and without GDM, we found that women who subsequently received the diagnosis of GDM reported more pregnancy‐related life events.ConclusionsSome indicators of stress exposure and psychological stress responses were associated with fasting glucose concentrations in pregnant women, thus representing important risk factors for GDM development.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Only approximately half of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) report any known risk factors.

Women after GDM diagnosis reported more major life events compared to healthy pregnant controls.

What does this study add?

Stress exposure and psychological stress responses were associated with fasting glucose concentrations in pregnant before women were aware of their GDM diagnosis.

These represent important risk factors for GDM development and potential targets for intervention.
An experimental test of control theory‐based interventions for physical activity
Authors: Prestwich Andrew , Conner Mark , Hurling Robert , Ayres Karen , Morris Ben 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo provide an experimental test of control theory to promote physical activity.DesignParallel groups, simple randomized design with an equal chance of allocation to any group.MethodsParticipants not meeting recommended levels of physical activity but physically safe to do so (N = 124) were recruited on a UK university campus and randomized to goal‐setting + self‐monitoring + feedback (GS + SM + F, n = 40), goal‐setting + self‐monitoring (GS + SM, n = 40), or goal‐setting only (GS, n = 44) conditions that differentially tapped the key features of control theory. Accelerometers assessed physical activity (primary outcome) as well as self‐report over a 7‐day period directly before/after the start of the intervention.ResultsThe participants in the GS + SM + F condition significantly outperformed those in the GS condition, d = 0.62, 95% CI d = 0.15–1.08, and marginally outperformed those in the GS + SM condition in terms of total physical activity at follow‐up on the accelerometer measure, d = 0.33, 95% CI d = −0.13 to 0.78. The feedback manipulation (GS + SM + F vs. GS + SM and GS) was most effective when baseline intentions were weak. These patterns did not emerge on the self‐report measure but, on the basis of this measure, the feedback manipulation increased the risk that participants coasted in relation to their goal in the first few days of the intervention period.ConclusionsUsing behaviour change techniques consistent with control theory can lead to significant short‐term improvements on objectively assessed physical activity. Further research is needed to examine the underlying theoretical principles of the model.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Interventions incorporating more techniques that are consistent with control theory are associated with larger positive changes in health behaviours and related outcomes (see reviews by Dombrowski et al., ; Michie et al., ).

However, none of the studies included in these reviews were explicitly based on control theory (see Prestwich et al., ).

What does this study add?

This study is the first experimental test of the cumulative effects of behaviour change techniques as proposed by control theory.

Intervening on all aspects of the feedback loop noted by control theory leads to more change; however, the risk that some participants coast in relation to their set goal is significant.

This approach increased physical activity more in those with weaker intentions pre‐intervention.