bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in agricultural carbon emissions and factors that influence agricultural carbon emissions based on different stages in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Xiong Chuanhe , Yang Degang , Xia Fuqiang , Huo Jinwei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractXinjiang’s agricultural carbon emissions showed three stages of change, i.e., continued to rise, declined and continued to rise, during 1991–2014. The agriculture belonged to the “low emissions and high efficiency” agriculture category, with a lower agricultural carbon emission intensity. By using the logarithmic mean divisia index decomposition method, agricultural carbon emissions were decomposed into an efficiency factor, a structure factor, an economy factor, and a labour factor. We divided the study period into five stages based on the changes in efficiency factor and economy factor. Xinjiang showed different agricultural carbon emission characteristics at different stages. The degree of impact on agricultural carbon emissions at these stages depended on the combined effect of planting-animal husbandry carbon intensity and agricultural labour productivity. The economy factor was the critical factor to promote the increase in agricultural carbon emissions, while the main inhibiting factor for agricultural carbon emissions was the efficiency factor. The labour factor became more and more obvious in increasing agricultural carbon emissions. Finally, we discuss policy recommendations in terms of the main factors, including the development of agricultural science and technology (S&T), the establishment of three major mechanisms and transfer of rural labour in ethnic areas.
Conformal mapping for multiple terminals
Authors: Wang Weimin , Ma Wenying , Wang Qiang , Ren Hao 
Published: November 2016

AbstractConformal mapping is an important mathematical tool that can be used to solve various physical and engineering problems in many fields, including electrostatics, fluid mechanics, classical mechanics, and transformation optics. It is an accurate and convenient way to solve problems involving two terminals. However, when faced with problems involving three or more terminals, which are more common in practical applications, existing conformal mapping methods apply assumptions or approximations. A general exact method does not exist for a structure with an arbitrary number of terminals. This study presents a conformal mapping method for multiple terminals. Through an accurate analysis of boundary conditions, additional terminals or boundaries are folded into the inner part of a mapped region. The method is applied to several typical situations, and the calculation process is described for two examples of an electrostatic actuator with three electrodes and of a light beam splitter with three ports. Compared with previously reported results, the solutions for the two examples based on our method are more precise and general. The proposed method is helpful in promoting the application of conformal mapping in analysis of practical problems.
Lineage diversification, homo- and heterologous reassortment and recombination shape the evolution of chicken orthoreoviruses
Authors: Farkas Szilvia L. , Marton Szilvia , Dandár Eszter , Kugler Renáta , Gál Bence , Jakab Ferenc , Bálint Ádám , Kecskeméti Sándor , Bányai Krisztián 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe near complete genome sequences of ten field avian orthoreovirus (ARV) strains collected from young chicken between 2002 and 2011 in Hungary have been determined in order to explore the genetic diversity and evolutionary mechanisms affecting ARVs in this region. Sequence analyses and phylogenetic calculations revealed similar geographic distribution and distinct evolution in case of eight studied strains that were closely related to the recently described Hungarian strain T1781. The remaining two strains showed the highest similarity with the US origin AVS-B. The topology of the phylogenetic trees of certain segments was affected by several potential homologous reassortment events between strains of Hungarian, Chinese and US origin. Analyzing the μB gene a possible heterologous reassortment event was identified in three Hungarian strains. Recombination events were detected in as much as a dozen cases implying that beside point mutations and reassorment this mechanism also plays an important role in the diversification of ARVs. All these mechanisms in concert may explain the reduced effectiveness of immunization using commercial vaccine strains.
Patterned Microstructure Fabrication: Polyelectrolyte Complexes vs Polyelectrolyte Multilayers
Authors: Gai Meiyu , Frueh Johannes , Kudryavtseva Valeriya L. , Mao Rui , Kiryukhin Maxim V. , Sukhorukov Gleb B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPolyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) are formed by mixing the solutions of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, which were hitherto deemed “impossible” to process, since they are infusible and brittle when dry. Here, we describe the process of fabricating free-standing micro-patterned PEC films containing array of hollow or filled microchambers by one-step casting with small applied pressure and a PDMS mould. These structures are compared with polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) thin films having array of hollow microchambers produced from a layer-by-layer self-assembly of the same polyelectrolytes on the same PDMS moulds. PEM microchambers “cap” and “wall” thickness depend on the number of PEM bilayers, while the “cap” and “wall” of the PEC microchambers can be tuned by varying the applied pressure and the type of patterned mould. The proposed PEC production process omits layering approaches currently employed for PEMs, reducing the production time from ~2 days down to 2 hours. The error-free structured PEC area was found to be significantly larger compared to the currently-employed microcontact printing for PEMs. The sensitivity of PEC chambers towards aqueous environments was found to be higher compared to those composed of PEM.
A variational perspective on accelerated methods in optimization
Authors: Wibisono Andre , Wilson Ashia C. , Jordan Michael I. 
Published: November 2016

Significance
Optimization problems arise naturally in statistical machine learning and other fields concerned with data analysis. The rapid growth in the scale and complexity of modern datasets has led to a focus on gradient-based methods and also on the class of accelerated methods, first proposed by Nesterov in 1983. Accelerated methods achieve faster convergence rates than gradient methods and indeed, under certain conditions, they achieve optimal rates. However, accelerated methods are not descent methods and remain a conceptual mystery. We propose a variational, continuous-time framework for understanding accelerated methods. We provide a systematic methodology for converting accelerated higher-order methods from continuous time to discrete time. Our work illuminates a class of dynamics that may be useful for designing better algorithms for optimization.
Three Music-Theory Lessons
Authors: Rehding Alexander 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article is an attempt to understand music theory from the perspective of written and sounding media. It examines three radically different music-theoretical practices, which operate with different forms of written notation and different musical instruments, and have surprisingly different purposes in mind: the monochord-based theory of Franchinus Gaffurius (1518), the siren-based theory of Wilhelm Opelt (1834) and the piano-and-score-based theory commonly practised in our age. The instruments used in these three music theories hold the key to a fuller understanding: they can be understood as ‘epistemic things’ – that is, in producing sounds, these objects simultaneously produce knowledge about music. From a media-archaeological perspective, I suggest, these three music-theoretical practices stand emblematically for Pythagorean, digital and textual approaches to music.
The effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on fencing performance and cognitive function following fatigue‐inducing fencing
Authors: Rowlatt G. , Bottoms L. , Edmonds C. J. , Buscombe R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the impact that mouth rinsing carbohydrate solution has on skill‐specific performance and reaction time following a fatigue‐inducing bout of fencing in epee fencers. Nine healthy, national‐level epee fencers visited a laboratory on two occasions, separated by a minimum of five days, to complete a 1‐minute lunge test and Stroop test pre‐ and post‐fatigue. Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded during completion of the fatiguing protocol. Between fights the participant's mouth rinsed for 10 seconds, either 25 ml of 6.7% maltodextrin solution (MALT) or water (PLAC). Blood lactate and glucose were recorded at baseline, pre‐ and post‐testing. Results showed an increase in heart rate and overall RPE over time in both conditions. There were no differences in blood glucose (F(1,8) = .63, P = .4, ηp = .07) or blood lactate levels (F(1,8) = .12, P = .70, ηp = .01) between conditions as a function of time. There was a significant improvement in lunge test accuracy during the MALT trial (F(1,8) = 5.21, P = .05, ηp = .40) with an increase from pre (81.2 ± 8.3%) to post (87.6 ± 9.4%), whereas there was no significant change during the placebo (pre 82.1 ± 8.8%, post 78.8 ± 6.4%). There were no recorded differences between conditions in response time to congruent (F(1,8) = .33, P = .58, ηp = .04) or incongruent stimuli (F(1,8) = .19, P = .68, ηp = .02). The study indicates that when fatigued mouth rinsing MALT significantly improves accuracy of skill‐specific fencing performance but no corresponding influence on reaction time was observed.
CymeR: cytometry analysis using KNIME, docker and R
Authors: Muchmore B , Alarcón-Riquelme M E 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Summary
Here we present open-source software for the analysis of high-dimensional cytometry data using state of the art algorithms. Importantly, use of the software requires no programming ability, and output files can either be interrogated directly in CymeR or they can be used downstream with any other cytometric data analysis platform. Also, because we use Docker to integrate the multitude of components that form the basis of CymeR, we have additionally developed a proof-of-concept of how future open-source bioinformatic programs with graphical user interfaces could be developed.

Availability and Implementation
CymeR is open-source software that ties several components into a single program that is perhaps best thought of as a self-contained data analysis operating system. Please see https://github.com/bmuchmore/CymeR/wiki for detailed installation instructions.
Linear Sclerodermoid Lupus Erythematosus Profundus in a Child
Authors: Elbendary Amira , Griffin John , Li Suzanne , Tlougan Brook , Junkins-Hopkins Jacqueline M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
Lupus erythematosus panniculitis, also known as lupus profundus, is a variant in the clinicopathological spectrum of lupus erythematosus (LE) affecting about 2%–3% of LE patients. A linear configuration of LE panniculitis has been reported rarely with rare reports describing the coexistence of different forms of cutaneous LE and localized morphea. In this study, the authors present a 9-year-old girl with linear arrangement of subcutaneous nodules on her left forearm. Microscopic findings from 2 biopsies included lymphocytes at the dermoepidermal junction with mild interface dermatitis, a dense lymphocytic infiltrate that was concentrated around adnexae and subcutaneous fat in concert with thickened collagen bundles and mild widening of fibrous septae surrounding fat lobules. Although the clinical differential diagnosis included panniculitis or a sporotrichoid infection, 1 biopsy showed a dense lymphocytic infiltrate histologically bordered on that of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia or a late stage of Lyme disease, and a second also demonstrated more prominent sclerodermoid collagen bundles rendering the diagnosis of linear sclerodermoid LE profundus.
Transmastoid Endoscopic-Assisted Eustachian Tube Packing After Translabyrinthine Tumor Resection: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study
Authors: Deep Nicholas L. , Weisskopf Peter A. 
Published: November 2016

Hypothesis:
Endoscopically assisted packing of the Eustachian tube (ET) will improve visualization of the protympanic space compared with standard techniques with the microscope.

Background:
Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage after translabyrinthine tumor resection remains a problem. Current techniques of packing the ET are limited by inadequate visualization. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of transmastoid endoscopic-assisted ET packing during translabyrinthine tumor resection.

Methods:
Eight human cadaveric temporal bone dissections were performed on four heads to test the visualization that could be obtained of the ET orifice with an endoscope via transmastoid—facial recess approach. The incus body and incus buttress were removed, the aditus ad antrum enlarged, and tensor tympani muscle was cut. The scope was placed where the incus buttress had previously resided. The ET orifice was visualized and subsequently packed.

Results:
In all eight temporal bones, the endoscope was successfully able to visualize the ET orifice, with improved visualization of the orifice compared with standard techniques. Surgical technique and potential pitfalls are discussed.

Conclusions:
The transmastoid endoscopic approach for packing the ET improves visualization of the ET orifice. Packing under direct visualization provided greater reassurance that the material entered the true ET lumen as opposed to a false passage. The technique can be performed without any significant changes to standard surgical technique, allowing for a fast and accurate closure of the ET orifice and has application in potentially decreasing postoperative CSF leak rates.
Short article: A randomized-controlled study of sitagliptin for treating diabetes mellitus complicated by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Deng Xiao-Long , Ma Rui , Zhu Hong-Xia , Zhu Jun 
Published: November 2016

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin for treating Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods
In total, 72 Chinese T2DM patients with NAFLD were divided randomly into two groups of 36 patients each group. All 72 patients were assigned to receive either sitagliptin or diet and exercise for 52 weeks between January 2013 and December 2015. The outcomes’ measurements included serum levels of hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase.

Results
Seventy patients completed the study. Sitagliptin showed greater efficacy than the diet and exercise in decreasing the hemoglobin A1c and fasting plasma glucose levels at weeks 13, 26, 39, and 52. In addition, no significant changes in the average aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were found during the 52-week follow-up in both the sitagliptin and the control groups.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that sitagliptin is an effective and safe treatment for patients with T2DM and NAFLD.
Segregation between the parietal memory network and the default mode network: Effects of spatial smoothing and model order in ICA
Authors: Hu Yang , Wang Jijun , Li Chunbo , Wang Yin-shan , Yang Zhi , Zuo Xi-Nian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA brain network consisting of two key parietal nodes, the precuneus and the posterior cingulate cortex, has emerged from recent fMRI studies. Though it is anatomically adjacent to and spatially overlaps with the default mode network (DMN), its function has been associated with memory processing, and it has been referred to as the parietal memory network (PMN). Independent component analysis (ICA) is the most common data-driven method of extracting PMN and DMN simultaneously. However, the effects of data preprocessing and parameter determination in ICA on PMN-DMN segregation are completely unknown. Here, we employ three typical algorithms of group ICA to assess how spatial smoothing and model order influence the degree of PMN-DMN segregation. Our findings indicate that PMN and DMN can only be stably separated using a combination of low-level spatial smoothing and high-order model across the three ICA algorithms. We thus argue for more considerations on parametric settings for interpreting DMN data.
Adsorption behavior of tautomeric forms of 2-aminino-5-mercato-1,3,4 – thiadizole as corrosion inhibitor on copper surface
Authors: Xiong Sang , Sun Jianlin , Xu Yang , Yan Xundong 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the four tautomeric forms of 2-amino-5-mercatpo-1,3,4-thiadizole (AMT) absorbed on copper surface by the polar or non-polar groups. Polar group of AMT is mostly electronegative with larger N and S atoms as central atoms. 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thion (AMT-c) has the highest adsorption energy and is easy to react with copper. The interaction between AMT-c and copper conforms to chemisorption, which is to be further verified by the experiment on the weight loss measurement.

Design/methodology/approach
Adsorption behavior of AMT as corrosion inhibitor on copper surface in oil field was studied by weight loss measurement, and the corrosion inhibition mechanism was analyzed. Reactive sites and distributions of tautomeric forms of AMT as inhibitor on Cu(100) crystal plane were calculated by density functional theory.

Findings
All atoms of AMT are in the same plane, and AMT is an aromatic ring structure by large p-chain adsorbed on the metal surface by a plane configuration. AMT-c has the highest adsorption energy and also the most stable isomerized product. The determinate locations of AMT on the Cu(100) surface are the bridge and the hollow sites using molecular dynamics. Corrosion of copper can be effectively inhibited by AMT, which is a kind of excellent corrosion inhibitor, and this property is attributed to the polar groups and non-polar groups of AMT that play a role as absorption and shielding on copper surface, respectively. Inhibition efficiency is increased with the increase in the concentration of the inhibitor. The maximum efficiency of 92 per cent is obtained for 50 ppm AMT concentration at 373 K, which is attributed to the presence of extensively delocalized electrons of the phenyl rings, planarity and the presence of lone pair of electrons on N and S atoms, which favored a greater adsorption of inhibitors on copper surface.

Originality/value
Corrosion of copper can be effectively inhibited by AMT, which is a kind of excellent corrosion inhibitor, and this property is attributed to the polar groups and non-polar groups of AMT that play a role as absorption and shielding on copper surface, respectively. Adsorption of AMT as corrosion inhibitor on copper surface obeys Langmuir isotherm. The interaction between AMT and copper conforms to chemisorption, which is to be further verified by the experiment on the weight loss measurement.
Laboratory techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of salt neutralizers for the corrosion prevention of winter maintenance equipment
Authors: Rodriguez Alvaro A. , Monty Chelsea N. , Miller Christopher M. , Cong Hongbo , Wujcik Evan K. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop laboratory techniques to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of salt neutralizer (SN) solutions in the corrosion protection of metal alloys associated with winter maintenance equipment.

Design/methodology/approach
The corrosion resistance of alloys A36, B36 and B152 treated with SNs was evaluated by accelerated corrosion testing (ASTM B117) and electrochemical polarization curves. Characterization of inhibition solutions was performed by contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Findings
Salt neutralizer systems act as mixed inhibitors in acidic media by changing the corrosion resistance ability of metal alloys because of the adsorption of surfactant molecules through their hydrophilic heads. The correlation of the corrosion rate of metal alloys and the inhibitor efficiency showed the influence of the SN type, its concentration, its effective adsorption constant and its contact angle on the alloy surface. Salt neutralizers with higher manufacturer’s recommended wash concentrations (MRWC) to critical wash concentration ratio, lower contact angle on the alloy surface and higher
Keff
were more successful at preventing corrosion on the alloys tested.

Originality/value
The results of this work provide, for the first time, both quantitative and qualitative information of the properties of washing techniques in the use of effective cleaning strategies for protecting winter maintenance equipment from corrosion. Other state departments of transportation facing similar weather conditions will be benefited by identifying measures and techniques to increase the corrosion resistance of their equipment assets.
Effect of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees extract on corrosion of low C-steel in 0.1 M HCl
Authors: Wongkhamprai Pawin , Jariyaboon Manthana 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The aim of this work was to investigate how Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees extract affected the corrosion of low-carbon (C) steel in 0.1M HCl.

Design/methodology/approach
The Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees was extracted into distilled water at 70°C for 1 h. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the extract was determined in 0.1M HCl using weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effects of extract concentrations and of temperature were investigated.

Findings
The Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees extract could inhibit the corrosion process of low-C steel in 0.1M HCl. With the extract concentration of 1 g/l, an inhibition efficiency of 96.3 per cent was obtained. The extract acted as an anodic inhibitor. The adsorption process of the extract was physisorption and it followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

Originality/value
This paper revealed that Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees cultivated in Thailand, which was extracted using a simple and environmentally friendly method, could act as a very good green corrosion inhibitor for low-C steel in 0.1M HCl solution.
Corrosion resistance and characterization studies of calcium series chemical conversion film via green pretreatment on magnesium alloy
Authors: Wu Fengjing , Liu Xiaojuan , Xiao Xin 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
Magnesium alloys, although valuable, are reactive and require protection before its application in many fields. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel anticorrosive chemical conversion film on AZ80 magnesium alloy by environmental-friendly calcium series surface pretreatment.

Design/methodology/approach
The corrosion resistance of the film was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution. The surface morphologies, microstructure and composition of the film were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy.

Findings
The corrosion current density of the calcium series film decreased by more than one order of magnitude as compared to that of the AZ80 magnesium alloy. The conversion film presented dry-mud morphology, and its thickness was estimated to be approximately 4 μm. The conversion film was highly hydrophilic, and the organic coating adhesion on treated AZ80 surface was approximately 13.5 MPa.

Originality/value
Excellent performance of the calcium-based chemical conversion film on Mg alloy was obtained, which does not contain heavy metals or fluorides and completely conforms to European RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) standard.