bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ ПЕРВИЧНЫХ РАДИАЦИОННЫХ ДЕФЕКТОВ В НЕРАВНОВЕСНОЙ ПОЛУПРОВОДНИКОВОЙ СТРУКТУРЕ
Authors: Богатов Н.М. , Григорьян Л.Р. , Коваленко М.С. 
Published: October 2024

Образование радиационных дефектов приводит к изменению электрофизических, оптических и других свойств полупроводниковых приборов. Моделирование этого процесса с учетом неравновесного состояния электронной подсистемы является актуальной задачей, не получившей завершенного решения в настоящее время. В работе на основе численного моделирования проанализировано влияние положения в запрещенной зоне квазиуровня Ферми электронов на зависимость линейной скорости генерации междоузельного кремния и дивакансий в кремнии, облученном протонами. Рассчитаны профили распределения междоузельного кремния, вакансий, дивакансий, созданных низкоэнергетическими протонами в кремнии. Из полученных результатов следует, что, если квазиуровень Ферми электронов расположен в верхней четверти запрещенной зоны и приближается ко дну зоны проводимости, то линейная скорость генерации первичных радиационноых дефектов, созданных низкоэнергетическими протонами, уменьшается. Следовательно, в неравновесных условиях, вызванных высоким уровнем освещенности или протеканием электрического тока через n-p переход в режиме прямого электрического смещения, а также в n-области кремния, возможно дифференцировано изменять концентрацию радиационных дефектов при воздействии низкоэнергетическими протонами. Полученные результаты могут найти применение при разработке новых методов модификации свойств полупроводниковых структур.
Abstract The formation of radiation defects leads to a change in the electrophysical, optical, and other properties of semiconductor devices. Modeling this process taking into account the nonequilibrium state of the electronic subsystem is an urgent task that has not yet received a complete solution. Based on numerical simulation, the influence of the position in the band gap of the Fermi quasilevel of electrons on the dependence of the linear generation rate of interstitial silicon and divacancies in silicon irradiated by protons is analyzed. The distribution profiles of interstitial silicon, vacancies, divacancies created by low-energy protons in silicon are calculated. From the obtained results it follows that, if the quasi-Fermi level of electrons is located in the upper quarter of the band gap and approaches the bottom of the conduction band, then the linear rate of generation of primary radiation defects created by low-energy protons decreases. Consequently, under nonequilibrium conditions caused by a high level of illumination or the passage of an electric current through the n-p junction in the forward electric bias mode, as well as in the n-region of silicon, it is possible to differentially vary the concentration of radiation defects when exposed to low-energy protons. The results obtained can find application in the development of new methods for modifying the properties of semiconductor structures.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Investasi Dan Modal Minimal Terhadap Minat Investasi Saham Mahasiswa Pendidikan Ekonomi FKIP ULM
Authors: Aida Nur , Rizky Maulana , Setiawan Ananda , Ratumbuysang Monry Fraick Nicky Gillian 
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan investasi dan modal minimal terhadap minat investasi saham mahasiswa Pendidikan Ekonomi FKIP ULM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi di FKIP ULM. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 136 mahasiswa dengan teknik pengambilan sampel probability sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, kuesioner, riset kepustakaan dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan variabel pengetahuan investasi berpengaruh terhadap minat investasi saham. Semakin tinggi pengetahuan investasi mahasiswa maka minat investasi saham akan semakin tinggi. Variabel modal minimal berpengaruh terhadap minat investasi saham mahasiswa. Semakin kecil modal minimal yang diperlukan untuk memulai investasi maka minat investasi saham mahasiswa akan semakin tinggi. Secara simultan pengetahuan investasi dan modal minimal berpengaruh terhadap minat investasi saham mahasiswa. Semakin tinggi pengetahuan investasi dan diiringi dengan modal minal investasi yang rendah mengakibatkan minat investasi saham mahasiswa semakin tinggi.
Analisis Strategi Pemasaran dalam Meningkatkan Penjualan Gula Merah pada Pedagang di Kecamatan Kusan Hulu
Authors: Chairani Tri Buana Tungga Dewi , Ratumbuysang Monry Fraick Nicky Gillian , Setiawan Ananda , Bahar Syaripudin 
Published: October 2024

The study aims to analyze the marketing strategy of brown sugar sales to traders in Kusan Hulu District. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The results showed that the marketing strategies used by respondent 1, respondent 2, and respondent 3 were as follows: 1) The three sellers offered the same product, namely brown sugar without variants, 2) The price offered varied between Rp. 10,000 to Rp. 12,000 per pack, 3) The production site was at home, while marketing was done at home and in the market, 4) Promotion by Ibu Jamah and Ibu Nor Jannah is done by word of mouth, while Ibu Sari Ratna has started using social media as a means of promotion, 5) Each seller provides friendly and good service to consumers, as well as fast and thorough in handling requests, which increases customer satisfaction, 6) Each seller facilitates the ordering and payment process for consumers, 7) Each seller provides an attractive product display to attract the attention of consumers.
Improving foreign language reading technique using neural text-to-speech technology
Authors: Gudkova L. V. , Salikhova K. A. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The intensification and technical development of the country, the COVID-19 pandemic and the post-crisis phase have led to the active integration of digital resources into the educational process, which has led to a new stage of development of the modern Russian education system – its digitalization. At present, new digital technologies, including artificial intelligence technologies, are being developed and introduced into the teaching of foreign languages. This article considers the use of text-to-speech technology functioning via neural networks to improve the reading technique in English and German of students of linguistic and non-linguistic specialties. Reading skills in a foreign language can be improved with the help of Natural Reader and TTSFree speech synthesizers, which students can use on their own. Due to application of the new FES HVE (Federal Educational Standards of Higher Vocational Education) of 2018 the volume of classroom work with students has decreased and the volume of independent work of students and students number in educational groups have increased, according to this matter the practical use of speech synthesizers in a foreign language classes seems relevant and important. Materials and Methods. Conducting an experiment to determine the effectiveness of the use of Natural Reader and TTSFree speech synthesizers to improve reading skills of linguistic and non-linguistic specialties students, calculating the number of phonetic errors when reading a foreign text before and after using of the voice generator, summarizing and interpreting the results obtained. Results. The list of publications studied in the process of scientific research makes 40 Russian and foreign works. These materials allowed to study the application of TTS technology with the use of neural networks, as well as Natural Reader and TTSFree speech synthesizers in foreign language classes at the university, which allowed to prove in practice the effectiveness of the analyzed services to improve the reading technique in English and German. Discussion and Conclusions. On the basis of theoretical research of scientific sources, as well as studying the experience of practical application of speech synthesizers Natural Reader and TTSFree, the conclusion about the great didactic potential of TTS technology is formulated. Possible applications of speech synthesis include the creation of an authentic language environment, the automation of reading, listening and speaking skills, as well as the self-control of students with their written language, voiced by TTS technology.
The life world of students with disabilities on the university campus: tempora mutantur
Authors: Sakharchuk E. S. , Yudina E. N. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The extensive scientific base on the issues of inclusive higher education is characterized by a class of studies, mainly theoretical, with an emphasis on criticism of social and material barriers preventing access to education for people with disabilities. The article offers a solution to the problem of the gap between the theory and practice of inclusive higher education and provides reasons showing that barrier-free does not completely solve the problem of socialization of students with disabilities. For the first time in the subject area, a solution is proposed to the pedagogical problem of the development of social values of the personality of students with disabilities based on the study of their life world. The research is interdisciplinary in nature. Materials and Methods. The scientific argumentation is based on the environmental approach and the provisions of personal development pedagogy. The research was conducted in line with the phenomenological approach; the author's survey and in-depth interview techniques were applied. The study involved 157 students with disabilities and 12 experts. To identify the characteristic features of the life world of students living on and off the university campus, the study uses the method of comparative analysis. Results. Significant differences have been identified in the design of the life world of students with disabilities living on campus and students living off campus. Living on campus is associated with a variety of communications that contribute to the formation of social values among students, for those living off campus (mainly with their parents), the effect of socialization is not so obvious. For the first time in the subject area, the results characterizing the different ideas of students with disabilities about study, leisure, relationships to others and the prospects of their postgraduate development were obtained. Typical problems associated with on-campus/off-campus living are shown. Discussion and Conclusions. The study confirmed the hypothesis that the development of social values of a student's personality is conditioned by the intensity of communications in the space of joint activity of students with disabilities with the social environment. The problem raised is related to a number of issues that are promising for scientific coverage. The article may be of interest to researchers and practitioners of inclusive education.
Multimodality of the pedagogical phenomenon of personal developmental educational environment
Authors: Litvin D. V. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The work examines the personal development educational environment as a pedagogical phenomenon. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the multimodality property of the pedagogical phenomenon of a personal development educational environment and to determine the features of environmental design. The property of multimodality of the personal development educational environment is substantiated based on the relationship of the environment with the dialectics of personal-environmental relationships in education. Materials and Methods. The research is based on philosophical, cultural, sociological and other materials that affirm the environmental paradigm as relevant for self-developing complex systems. The personal development environment is considered as a unique process of student interaction in education, contributing to the formation of the individual’s personal experience. Research methods include methods of formal logic (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy, generalization and others); analysis of pedagogical concepts in the context of the system of guidelines (values) that determine pedagogical thinking. Results. With the development of personality, new ways of interacting with the environment are traced. Moreover, such methods are not directly determined by cause-and-effect relationships with it. The relevance of the developing educational environment and the individual at its various stages of development presupposes the procedural nature of the educational environment, its stages and internal heterogeneity, and a predisposition to transformation. These properties of the educational environment are embodied in its multimodality. Multimodality is a reflection of the dialectics of personality in education: various images and types of environment are determined by the nature of personal-environmental interactions and emerging relationships. Discussion and Conclusions. The design of a personal development environment is carried out through situations in which the components of the environment and the person interacting with it are presented. Personality development is accompanied by the generation of “filling environments.” “Filling environments” in their multiple manifestations are subject-conditioned, personality-generated areas of cognition and transformation of reality, which are the result of personal-environmental interaction. These areas are distinguished by their dynamism and ability to expand in knowledge and activity. The dynamics of personally determined “filling environments” are accompanied by the formation of the student’s personal properties, attitudes towards reality and himself.
Gaya Bahasa dan Makna Semantik Pada Iklan Minuman di Televisi
Authors: Ola Latan Rifaldo Yosephine , Wissang Imelda Oliva , Karoponama Keban Sirilus Karolus 
Published: October 2024

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang gaya bahasa dan makna semantik yang terkandung dalam iklan minuman di televisi. Bahasa periklanan sebagai elemen persuasif menggunakan gaya linguistik dan bertujuan mendorong orang lain agar menggunakan produk atau layanan yang disediakan. Teori yang digunakan pada penelitian iklan ini adalah teori semantik dengan metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pada iklan minuman di saluran televisi terdapat gaya bahasa dan makna semantik, yakni (1) gaya bahasa hiperbola, (2) gaya metafora, dan (3) gaya bahasa personifikasi. Makna semantik yang terkandung dalam gaya bahasa pada iklan minuman di televisi ini, yakni (1) makna denotatif, dan (2) makna konotatif.
Kata kunci: gaya bahasa, makna semantik, iklan.
Abstract
This research aims to describe the language style and semantic meaning contained in beverage advertisements on television. Advertising language as a persuasive element uses linguistic style and aims to encourage other people to use the products or services provided. The theory used in this advertising research is semantic theory with this research method being qualitative using descriptive qualitative methods. The results of this research show that in drink advertisements on television channels there are language styles and semantic meanings, namely (1) hyperbolic language style, (2) metaphorical style, and (3) personification language style. The semantic meaning contained in the language style in this drink advertisement on television, namely (1) denotative meaning, and (2) connotative meaning.
Keywords: language style, semantic meaning, advertising
Frequency of ABO and Rhesus (D) blood group among blood donors and blood requisition and utilization patterns: An insight towards optimal blood usage in a tertiary care hospital.
Authors: Sehar Khaliq  
Published: October 2024

Objective: To determine the distribution and frequency of blood groups among the blood donors and assess the blood requisition and utilization patterns in order to strategize optimal blood utilization. Study Design: Cross-sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: January 2021 to January 2024. Methods: Blood bank data including blood donor name, gender, blood groups, blood requisitions, blood issuance and blood utilization was retrieved from Fauji Foundation hospital’s management information system and blood requisition and collection forms. The quality indicators of blood utilization i.e. crossmatch/transfusion ratio and transfusion probability was calculated and analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: 22483 blood donors donated blood at our blood bank facility from January 2021-january 2024. Mean age 31±10.2 years (range: 18–56 years). Majority of the blood donors were males 96.4% (n=21682) while 3.5% (n=801) were females. A total of 21733 were replacement donors while 750 were voluntary donors. The highest blood requests were from obstetrics/gynecology department while the highest blood utilization was by the medicine department. The overall cross match to transfusion ratio was 1.3. The highest cross match to transfusion ratio of 2.5 was from obstetrics/gynecology department while the lowest was from pediatrics and oncology departments. Conclusion: The blood group O positive was the commonest blood group. Although, blood transfusion quality indicators show effective utilization however the pattern varies among different departments. Evidence-based blood utilization strategies need to be implemented for optimal utilization of blood.
Specific aspects of bacteriophage regulation: international practices and future developments
Authors: Davydov D. S. , Parfenyuk R. L. , Durmanova Z. V. , Kazakov R. E. , Movsesyants A. A. 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains of pathogens determines the need for fundamentally new antibacterial agents, including bacteriophage preparations. The consistent implementation of phage therapy is hindered by the lack of generally accepted standardised regulatory documents governing the legal and methodological aspects of the production and preclinical and clinical studies of bacteriophage preparations.AIM. This study aimed to analyse the international experience with the production and lifecycle management of bacteriophage preparations, as well as the main regulatory requirements for the control of their quality, safety, and efficacy.DISCUSSION. It is difficult to develop virulent bacteriophage preparations in accordance with the existing requirements for other medicinal products because of the biological characteristics of bacteriophages, the wide variety of bacteriophage strains, and the potential for rapid changes both in the bacteriophage population and in the pathogen population. Therefore, it is reasonable to develop streamlined marketing authorisation routes for phage therapies and methods for the assessment of their safety and efficacy. As part of these efforts, it is necessary to assess the adverse events specific to this group of medicinal products, such as the risks of lysogeny, resistance to bacteriophages, and antibiotic resistance gene transfer between bacterial strains. The pharmaceutical development of bacteriophage preparations can be based on several approaches. Many countries worldwide, including the United States, are implementing the concept of Quality by Design, considering approaches based on the Biological Master File, and conducting Expanded Access programmes. The Active Substance Master File procedure allows the submission of a separate document package covering only part of the registration dossier for regulatory approval. Expanded Access programmes provide individual patients with access to innovative medicinal products without approved treatment protocols. In the Russian Federation, the commercial production of bacteriophage medicinal products is conducted in accordance with the quality standards specified in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.CONCLUSIONS. There are fundamental differences in the approaches to phage therapy and its regulation around the world and in the Russian Federation. It is reasonable to supplement the current national guidelines for the safety and efficacy evaluation of bacteriophage preparations, in particular, to specify the requirements for conducting preclinical studies.
Comparative analysis of the results of live anthrax vaccine identification by immunofluorescence and immunochromatography
Authors: Alekseeva S. A. , Kasina I. V. , Nemirovskaya T. I. 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION. The quality evaluation of live anthrax vaccines will benefit from the implementation of alternative testing methods that are capable of specific identification of the Bacillus anthracis spore antigen using the appropriate diagnostic products that are authorised in the Russian Federation for the detection of B. anthracis spores.AIM. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of immunofluorescence analysis to the identification of live anthrax vaccines and compare this method with immunochromatography.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used commercial batches of a live anthrax vaccine and Russian diagnostic products, including diagnostic dry adsorbed fluorescent anti-anthrax spore immunoglobulins and an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) reagent kit for rapid detection and identification of B. anthracis spores (ICA system for B. anthracis). For smears and ICA system reactions, the authors prepared working solutions of bacterial suspensions at spore concentrations typical of the B. anthracis STI-1 vaccine strain. The spore concentrations were achieved using the pharmacopoeial reference standard (RS) for the opacity of bacterial suspensions of 10 international units (IU). Identification reactions involved the registration of immune complex formation.RESULTS. Immunofluorescence tests of the live anthrax vaccine demonstrated bright greenish-yellow envelope fluorescence with an intensity score of 3+ to 4+ for smears stained with diagnostic immunoglobulins at 1:32 and 1:64 dilutions. Immunochromatographic tests of the live anthrax vaccine detected the spore antigen at vaccine concentrations of 109 and 108 spores/mL, with the test strips showing two distinct dark-pink lines indicative of immunoprecipitation. According to the results obtained using the selected methods, the tested microbial culture was confirmed as B. anthracis.CONCLUSIONS. Immunochromatography and immunofluorescence tests with appropriate diagnostic preparations are convenient and reliable tools for the species-specific detection of B. anthracis STI-1 spores in the live anthrax vaccine. The results obtained in the anthrax vaccine identification tests provide a basis for recommending the above methods as supplementary alternatives to Ziehl–Neelsen bacteriological staining, which is currently prescribed by the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.