bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Proteases as Thrombolytics and Fibrinolytics
Authors: Akhtar Taqiyah , Hoq Md Mozammel , Mazid Md Abdul 
Published: January 2018

Proteases regulate important pathophysiological processes in human body such as homeostasis, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, tumor progression, etc. These biological effects of proteases largely attribute to their applicability as therapeutic agents. Imbalance in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, two important physiological processes in human body, leads to thrombosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular complications including myocardial infarction, stroke, etc. The enzymes used to dissolve thrombus (blood clot) are known as thrombolytic agents and among them, the enzymes involving hydrolysis of fibrin called fibrinolytic agents. Thrombolytic agents can be classified according to generation, mechanism of action, source and active site of the enzymes. Among the commercially available thrombolytic agents, uPA and tPA are generally safe but are very expensive. On the other hand, the bacterial streptokinase is a relatively cheap thrombolytic agent but causes undesirable side effects such as bleeding complications. For this reason, worldwide research for potent thrombolytic agents to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases have been continuing. Microbes are considered as a potential source of as well as safe vectors for expressing thrombolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes. Bacilli are one of the largest groups for this purpose. They have been collected from different traditional fermented foods or have been produced by solid state fermentation using appropriate nutrient substrates including different agro-industrial wastes such as rice straw, molasses, soybean curd residues, etc. This review focuses on different bacterial proteases reported to have potential thrombolytic and fibrinolytic activities.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(2): 255-269, 2017 (December)
Quantitative Analysis and Development of the Fore Feet of Arabian Foals from Birth to 1 Year of Age
Authors: Faramarzi Babak , Salinger Allison , Kaneps Andris , Nout-Lomas Yvette , Greene Holly , Dong Fanglong 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Objectives The goal of this study was to quantify external and internal anatomical characteristics of the foal foot throughout the first year of age.
Methods Digital radiographs and photographs were taken bimonthly of the forefeet of nine Arabian foals, beginning at about 2 weeks of age until 12 months of age. Sixty-eight linear and angular variables were measured using NIH (National Institutes of Health) Image J software. Statistical analyses were performed using piecewise random coefficient model and p-values < 0.05 were considered significant.
Results Distinct changes in hoof development were identified between 4 and 8 months of age. Distinct changes were identified in severalexternal(conformational) measurements including hoof solar widths and lengths, palmar heel lengths, toe and heel angles and in several internal (radiographic) measurements including the widths and lengths of the phalanges and sesamoid bones as well as joint angles.
Clinical Significance Existing knowledge of distal limb development in foals, particularly the foot, is limited. These findings define the measurable changes of the foal foot as it grows during the first year of life. These data provide an insight into the transformation of the hoof from its initial oval to a circular shape and from a club-like, cylindrical conformation to a more angled, conical conformation. This paper quantifies this development, ultimately allowing a better understanding of morphological changes in the foot of the growing foal.
Assessment of T2 Relaxation Times for Normal Canine Knee Articular Cartilage by T2 Mapping Using 1.5-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Matsui Asami , Shimizu Miki , Beale Brian , Takahashi Fumitaka , Yamaguchi Sinya 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Objectives This study aims to assess and compare the T2 relaxation times for articular cartilage of normal canine stifle joints in four regions by T2 mapping using a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods In vivo prospective study: 20 hindlimbs (left and right) from 10 normal healthy beagle dogs (n = 20). The region of interest (ROI) was subdivided into medial and lateral condyles of femoral cartilage (MF and LF, respectively) and medial and lateral condyles of tibial cartilage (MT and LT, respectively). The T2 relaxation times were assessed in regions where the cartilage thickness was greater than 0.5 mm.
Results The median maximum cartilage thickness (mm) of the four ROI were 0.7 (range: 0.9–0.6), 0.6 (range: 0.7–0.5), 0.7 (range: 0.9–0.5) and 0.6 (range: 0.8–0.5) at MF, LF, MT and LT, respectively. The errors in the measurement (%) of the four ROI were 64.3 (range: 50.0–75.0), 75.0 (range: 64.3–90.0), 64.3 (range: 20.0–90.0) and 75.0 (range: 56.3–90.0) at MF, LF, MT and LT, respectively. The median T2 relaxation times (ms) for the articular cartilage of the four ROI were 70.2 (range: 57.9–87.9), 57.5 (range: 46.8–66.9), 65.0 (range: 52.0–92.0) and 57.0 (range: 49.0–66.2) at MF, LF, MT and LT, respectively. The inter-observer correlation coefficient (ICC, 2.1) for the T2 relaxation times of MF was 0.644.
Clinical Significance This study offers useful information on T2 relaxation times for articular cartilage of the stifle joint using a 1.5-T MRI in normal dogs.
Computed Tomographic Analysis of Ventral Atlantoaxial Optimal Safe Implantation Corridors in 27 Dogs
Authors: Leblond Guillaume , Gaitero Luis , Moens Noel , zur Linden Alex , James Fiona , Monteith Gabrielle , Runciman John 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Objectives Ventral atlantoaxial stabilization techniques are challenging surgical procedures in dogs. Available surgical guidelines are based upon subjective anatomical landmarks, and limited radiographic and computed tomographic data. The aims of this study were (1) to provide detailed anatomical descriptions of atlantoaxial optimal safe implantation corridors to generate objective recommendations for optimal implant placements and (2) to compare anatomical data obtained in non-affected Toy breed dogs, affected Toy breed dogs suffering from atlantoaxial instability and non-affected Beagle dogs.
Methods Anatomical data were collected from a prospectively recruited population of 27 dogs using a previously validated method of optimal safe implantation corridor analysis using computed tomographic images.
Results Optimal implant positions and three-dimensional numerical data were generated successfully in all cases. Anatomical landmarks could be used to generate objective definitions of optimal insertion points which were applicable across all three groups. Overall the geometrical distribution of all implant sites was similar in all three groups with a few exceptions.
Clinical Significance This study provides extensive anatomical data available to facilitate surgical planning of implant placement for atlantoaxial stabilization. Our data suggest that non-affected Toy breed dogs and non-affected Beagle dogs constitute reasonable research models to study atlantoaxial stabilization constructs.
Efficacy and safety of linezolid versus teicoplanin for the treatment of MRSA infections: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Lan , Wu Maomao , Xu Shuangli , Wang Mingli , Li Jiabin , Huang Xiaohui 
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important cause of serious infections. Linezolid and teicoplanin are widely used in the treatment of infections caused by MRSA. However, the efficacy and safety of linezolid compared with teicoplanin remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the efficacy and safety of linezolid versus teicoplanin for the treatment of MRSA infections.
Methodology: A meta-analysis was performed on the published studies. Pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to determine whether there were significant differences between the linezolid group and the teicoplanin group on the efficacy and safety.
Results: Seventeen studies were included, involving 2,040 patients. The results showed that linezolid was associated with better clinical cure rate (RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.08-1.21, p < 0.00001) and microbiological eradication rate (RR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.18-1.39, p < 0.00001) compared with teicoplanin. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the treatment of MRSA infections regarding the adverse events (RR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.97-1.35, p = 0.10) and the mortality (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.61-1.18, p = 0.33).
Conclusions: The results suggest that linezolid may be a better choice for the treatment of patients with MRSA infections. However, our recommendation is that the decision about treating MRSA infections with linezolid or with teicoplanin should depend on local availability, patient population, dosage regimens, costs and safety, rather than presumed differences in efficacy.
La maîtrise des données, un enjeu majeur pour les associations naturalistes à l’heure de la gouvernance de la biodiversité
Authors: Fortier Agnès , Alphandéry Pierre 
Published: January 2018

Résumé Cet article analyse la transformation des rapports entre les associations naturalistes et l’État dans le contexte de la gouvernance globale de la biodiversité. L’adoption de cette dernière comme norme d’action à l’échelle internationale conduit à un processus de rationalisation des données produites par les associations. Nous montrons que la production de données au sein du monde associatif s’appuie sur des considérations scientifiques tout en étant « encastrée » dans le contexte local et marquée par divers types d’attachements. Nous analysons les formes de résistances associatives à la normalisation et à l’ouverture des données publiques comme l’incarnation de la force du lien associatif et l›importance du rôle politique local joué par les associations.
Accueillir l’étranger ?
Authors: Popper Haydée 
Published: January 2018

L’auteur propose d’interroger la position du thérapeute analyste, dans les cas engageant la question de la rencontre avec de l’étranger. Entre être témoin et être dans une position tierce, quelle est l’évolution possible et nécessaire ? Cette position est notamment soumise à des effets groupaux inter- et intra-subjectifs et génère une co-construction dans l’espace thérapeutique. L’auteur propose d’analyser un cas clinique de thérapie familiale où la question de l’étranger est présente et d’accompagner son évolution.
L’appartenance, le double et l’ensemble en psychothérapie psychanalytique de groupe
Authors: Clit Radu 
Published: January 2018

À partir de la présentation de deux séances de psychothérapie psychanalytique d’un groupe de schizophrènes, qui se réunit en cattp , cette étude tente de montrer l’importance du rapport image de soi-image collective dans la constitution et le maintien de l’ensemble. La première séance montre que l’hypothèse de base est dépendance (Bion). La deuxième signale un moment étrange, provoqué par un nouveau patient. Trois aspects seront discutés : l’inquiétant et la problématique du double (Freud), le rapport entre appartenance primaire et secondaire (Rouchy), et la question de l’ensemble. La conclusion est que le double serait une sorte d’image collective, constituant l’étayage groupal de l’image de soi de chaque participant, dans la mesure où il ne met pas en danger l’ensemble.
De la pluridisciplinarité dans un groupe d’analyse des pratiques professionnelles : illusion corporatiste et figures de l’étranger
Authors: Maurin Souvignet Aurélie , Pechberty Bernard 
Published: January 2018

Ce texte s’appuie sur une expérience de co-animation d’un dispositif d’analyse clinique des pratiques professionnelles, d’orientation psychanalytique, qui s’inspire du modèle proposé par M. Balint. Il réunit des praticiens de métiers différents et se tient dans un cadre libéral. On décrit ici les dynamiques psychiques des récits professionnels énoncés et leurs liens avec la dimension groupale, prise en compte par les animateurs. En rapport avec les notions d’illusion groupale, individualiste et corporatiste, des exemples d’interactions spécifiques à ce type de groupe sont proposés. Des expériences premières d’étrangeté envers le groupe, envers les autres professionnels et envers soi, se transforment en familiarisation puis dans de nouvelles différenciations ou l’altérité est davantage prise en compte, aux niveaux professionnels et personnels, mobilisant différents mécanismes projectifs et identificatoires.
Ruptures de riches
Authors: Biland Émilie , Mille Muriel 
Published: January 2018

Les séparations des couples québécois fortunés constituent un observatoire des rapports au droit des classes dominantes. Dix cas ethnographiques, rassemblés à partir d'entretiens et d'observations au tribunal et dans des cabinets d'avocat·e·s, et complétés par une centaine de dossiers judiciaires, montrent le traitement judiciaire exceptionnel auquel ces couples ont accès en comparaison de ceux des autres milieux sociaux. Leurs capitaux et leurs styles de vie, ainsi que l'empathie et la compétence technique des professionnel·le·s les aident à utiliser toutes les ressources du droit pour faire valoir leurs droits. Ces couples très inégalitaires parviennent à jouer avec les rapports de genre de façon significative : les pères obtiennent plus souvent la garde des enfants, les épouses peuvent espérer voir leu investissement familial financièrement reconnu. Les inégalités de genre demeurent cependant prégnantes, les femmes étant conduites à faire davantage de concessions que les hommes.
Intrathymic Deletion of IL-7 Reveals a Contribution of the Bone Marrow to Thymic Rebound Induced by Androgen Blockade
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro M. , Ribeiro Ana R. , Serafini Nicolas , Meireles Catarina , Di Santo James P. , Alves Nuno L. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Despite the well-documented effect of castration in thymic regeneration, the singular contribution of the bone marrow (BM) versus the thymus to this process remains unclear. The chief role of IL-7 in pre- and intrathymic stages of T lymphopoiesis led us to investigate the impact of disrupting this cytokine during thymic rebound induced by androgen blockade. We found that castration promoted thymopoiesis in young and aged wild-type mice. In contrast, only young germline IL-7–deficient (Il7−/−) mice consistently augmented thymopoiesis after castration. The increase in T cell production was accompanied by the expansion of the sparse medullary thymic epithelial cell and the peripheral T cell compartment in young Il7−/− mice. In contrast to young Il7−/− and wild-type mice, the poor thymic response of aged Il7−/− mice after castration was associated with a defect in the expansion of BM hematopoietic progenitors. These findings suggest that BM-derived T cell precursors contribute to thymic rebound driven by androgen blockade. To assess the role of IL-7 within the thymus, we generated mice with conditional deletion of IL-7 (Il7 conditional knockout [cKO]) in thymic epithelial cells. As expected, Il7cKO mice presented a profound defect in T cell development while maintaining an intact BM hematopoietic compartment across life. Unlike Il7−/− mice, castration promoted the expansion of BM precursors and enhanced thymic activity in Il7cKO mice independently of age. Our findings suggest that the mobilization of BM precursors acts as a prime catalyst of castration-driven thymopoiesis.
Health IT Usability Focus Section: Adapting EHR-Based Medication Instructions to Comply with Plain Language Guidance—A Randomized Experiment
Authors: Ancker Jessica , Send Alexander , Hafeez Baria , Osorio Snezana , Abramson Erika 
Published: January 2018

Objective Patient instructions are generally written by clinicians. However, clinician-centered language is challenging for patients to understand; in the case of pediatric medication instructions, consequences can be serious. Using examples of clinician-written medication instructions from an electronic health record, we conducted an experiment to determine whether parental misinterpretations would be reduced by instructions that followed best practices for plain language.
Methods We selected examples of dosing instructions from after-visit summaries in a commercial electronic health record. A demographically diverse sample of parents and adult caregivers was recruited from an online panel to participate in an English-language experiment, in which they received a comprehension questionnaire with either original after-visit summary instructions or instructions revised to comply with federal and other sources of plain-language guidance.
Results Nine-hundred and fifty-one respondents completed the experiment; 50% were women, the mean age was 36 years, and 38% had less than a 4-year college education. The revisions were associated with an 8 percentage point increase in correct answers overall (from 55% to 63%, p < 0.001), although revisions were not equally effective for all instructions. Health literacy and health numeracy were strong and independent predictors of comprehension. Overall, mistakes on comprehension questions were common, with respondents missing an average of 41% (6.1 of 15) of questions.
Conclusion In this experimental study, a relatively simple intervention of revising text was associated with a modest reduction in frequency of misinterpretations of medication instructions. As a supplement to more intensive high-touch interventions, revising electronic health record output to replace complex language with patient-centered language in an automated fashion is a potentially scalable solution that could reduce medication administration errors by parents.
Evaluación de la eficiencia comunicativa de los sitios web del destino arqueológico-patrimonial de Cartagena (España)
Authors: Teruel María Dolores , Viñals María Jose 
Published: January 2018

<p>Archaeological heritage is presented as a driven force of tourism in Mediterranean destinations. To obtain a balance between heritage conservation and tourism development is a challenge to achieve in most of heritage destinations. For this, it is proposed to grant to strategic communication through the Information and Communications Technology(ICT) greater valuation whether appropriate objectives are assigned beyond promotional or informative. Thus, this research work is devoted to identifying the capacities for strategic communication of three tourist and cultural heritage websites of Cartagena (Murcia, Spain) through a methodological analysis and evaluation resource called “Communicative Efficiency Questionnaire”(CEC).This instrument is based on three analysis criteria and consists of 11 indicators and 36 variables that demonstrate the communication efficiency of ICT and its relationship with tourism. The first analysis criterion focuses its attention on tourism-heritage relations. In this sense, it is concerned with promoting the necessary tools to manage tourism efficiently, responsibly and sustainably based on the local context and the needs of the managed population. The second analysis criterion seeks to know if the heritage site is concerned with the involvement of the stakeholders and local communities in management and that they have the knowledge and professional skills to carry out their work properly. Finally, the third analysis criterion assess whether the website includes interpretative messages that contribute to the appreciation of the public and residents about the heritage. This criterion is developed by six indicators and is very important for the CEC since they focus on the analysis of the importance of the information and its transmission through the websites. The results highlight the potential of strategic communication and the opportunity to attribute it higher uses in touristic and cultural heritage management aspects.</p>
Wave-optics uncertainty propagation and regression-based bias model in GNSS radio occultation bending angle retrievals
Authors: Gorbunov Michael E. , Kirchengast Gottfried 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. A new reference occultation processing system (rOPS) will include a Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) retrieval chain
with integrated uncertainty propagation. In this paper, we focus on
wave-optics bending angle (BA) retrieval in the lower troposphere and introduce
(1) an empirically estimated boundary layer bias (BLB) model then employed to
reduce the systematic uncertainty of excess phases and bending angles in about the
lowest 2 km of the troposphere and (2) the estimation of
(residual) systematic uncertainties and their propagation together with
random uncertainties from excess phase to bending angle profiles. Our BLB
model describes the estimated bias of the excess phase transferred from the
estimated bias of the bending angle, for which the model is built, informed
by analyzing refractivity fluctuation statistics shown to induce such biases.
The model is derived from regression analysis using a large ensemble of
Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate
(COSMIC) RO observations and concurrent European Centre for Medium-Range
Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis fields. It is formulated in
terms of predictors and adaptive functions (powers and cross products of predictors),
where we use six main predictors derived from observations: impact altitude,
latitude, bending angle and its standard deviation, canonical transform (CT)
amplitude, and its fluctuation index. Based on an ensemble of test days,
independent of the days of data used for the regression analysis to establish
the BLB model, we find the model very effective for bias reduction and capable
of reducing bending angle and corresponding refractivity biases by about a
factor of 5. The estimated residual systematic uncertainty, after the BLB
profile subtraction, is lower bounded by the uncertainty from the (indirect) use
of ECMWF analysis fields but is significantly lower than the systematic
uncertainty without BLB correction. The systematic and random uncertainties
are propagated from excess phase to bending angle profiles, using a
perturbation approach and the wave-optical method recently introduced by
Gorbunov and Kirchengast (2015), starting with estimated excess phase
uncertainties. The results are encouraging and this uncertainty propagation
approach combined with BLB correction enables a robust reduction and
quantification of the uncertainties of excess phases and bending angles in
the lower troposphere.