bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What should go in a wildlife professional's geospatial toolbox?
Authors: Bean William T. , Baumbusch Ryan C. , Berger Brooke , Delheimer Matthew , Hecker Lee J. , Lau Matthew , Milligan Megan C. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTGeospatial tools have become a critical component to most wildlife studies and management questions. With a diversity of approaches available, current and future wildlife professionals deserve guidance on the most important tools to answer these questions. Younger professionals may be expected to know a separate set of skills from those required further on in their career. We conducted an online survey and a year‐long search of job advertisements to identify the most important geospatial approaches, techniques, programs, and ancillary skills for wildlife professionals. We provide the results of these 2 efforts so that wildlife professionals interested in geospatial tools can prioritize those most valued in our field. Habitat modeling and home range analysis were the 2 highest‐ranked tools. Highly ranked programs included ArcGIS, R, Google Earth, and Geospatial Modeling Environment. We suggest that wildlife professionals should have a geospatial program they are comfortable with and be conversant with the major approaches (e.g., habitat modeling, home range analysis, remote sensing, and mobile mapping) but need not be experts in each field. Younger professionals should focus on the “big picture” tools such as ArcGIS, while professionals further in their career are expected to have some expertise in multiple areas, including knowledge of current and emerging trends. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Plant responses to warming and increased precipitation in three categories of dune stabilization in northeastern China
Authors: Luo Yongqing , Zhao Xueyong , Zuo Xiaoan , Li Yuqiang , Wang Tao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRising temperatures and precipitation are important climate change processes around the world. The responses of plants to these trends are still unclear in semi‐arid regions, especially in areas with degraded sandy grassland. To provide insights into the response in these regions, we investigated responses of vascular plants to warming and increased precipitation in mobile dunes, fixed dunes and grassland, which represent the series of sand dune stabilization by plants in semi‐arid northeastern China. Plant biomass, especially the aboveground biomass, varied significantly (P < 0.05) among dune categories. Total plant density in the fixed dunes and grassland was 1.9 and 1.7 times that in the mobile dunes. Species richness differed slightly but significantly (P < 0.05) among the habitats. Increasing precipitation in a drought year (65.5% of the long‐term average annual precipitation) by 30% did not significantly affect any plant variable. By contrast, warming significantly decreased the belowground biomass, total biomass, species richness and plant total density. In summary, in semi‐arid region with sandy soil, additional precipitation slightly improved plant performance, but increased temperature decreased plant performance. Soil texture, which determines the balance between moisture retention and evaporation, may be a key factor in determining these responses when precipitation is unusually low.
Solidification and Re-melting Phenomena During Slurry Preparation Using the RheoMetal™ Process
Authors: Payandeh M. , Sabzevar Mohsen Haddad , Jarfors A. E. W. , Wessén M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The melting sequence of the enthalpy exchange material (EEM) and formation of a slurry in the RheoMetal™ process was investigated. The EEM was extracted and quenched, together with a portion of the slurry at different processing times before complete melting. The EEM initially increased in size/diameter due to melt freezing onto its surface, forming a freeze-on layer. The initial growth of this layer was followed by a period of a constant diameter of the EEM with subsequent melting and decrease of diameter. Microstructural characterization of the size and morphology of different phases in the EEM and in the freeze-on layer was made. Dendritic equiaxed grains and eutectic regions containing Si particles and Cu-bearing particles and Fe-rich particles were observed in the as-cast EEM. The freeze-on layer consisted of dendritic aluminum tilted by about 30 deg in the upstream direction, caused by the rotation of the EEM. Energy dispersion spectroscopy analysis showed that the freeze-on layer had a composition corresponding to an alloy with higher melting point than the EEM and thus shielding the EEM from the surrounding melt. Microstructural changes in the EEM showed that temperature rapidly increased to 768 K (495 °C), indicated by incipient melting of the lowest temperature melting eutectic in triple junction grain boundary regions with Al2Cu and Al5Mg8Si6Cu2 phases present. As the EEM temperature increased further the binary Al-Si eutectic started to melt to form a region of a fully developed coherent mushy state. Experimental results and a thermal model indicated that as the dendrites spheroidized near to the interface at the EEM/freeze-on layer reached a mushy state with 25 pct solid fraction, coherency was lost and disintegration of the freeze-on layer took place. Subsequently, in the absence of the shielding effect from the freeze-on Layer, the EEM continued to disintegrate with a coherency limit of a solid fraction estimated to be 50 pct.
Green Synthesis of Double Long‐Chain Diglycerol Diacetal and Its Application as Lubricating Base Oil
Authors: Li Xu , Chen Li , Wu Lan , Xu Hong , Dong Jinxiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDehydration acetalization of diglycerol with lauraldehyde in the presence of homogeneous acid catalysts using water as solvent has been studied. The prepared double long‐chain diglycerol diacetal was identified as a mixture of six regioisomers by GC and GC‐MS. p‐Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid exhibited excellent activity for this acetalization reaction. The reaction parameters with p‐dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid catalyst were subsequently optimized in terms of the yield and isomer distribution of diglycerol diacetal. Under the optimum operating conditions, the yield of diglycerol diacetal reached 93.9%, and the selectivity in terms of the distribution of the six regioisomers was found to be in proportions of 24:36:18:11:3:8. Furthermore, the tribological performance of diglycerol diacetal has been evaluated as a potential lubricant base oil by means of an Optimol SRV‐V oscillating reciprocating friction and wear tester. The tribological test results revealed that diglycerol diacetal displayed superior lubrication properties compared to the commonly used poly‐alpha‐olefin (PAO 8).
Metabolic syndrome and inflammation in adipose tissue occur at different times in animals submitted to a high-sugar/fat diet
Authors: Francisqueti Fabiane Valentini , Nascimento André Ferreira , Minatel Igor Otávio , Dias Marcos Correa , Luvizotto Renata de Azevedo Melo , Berchieri-Ronchi Carolina , Ferreira Ana Lúcia A. , Corrêa Camila Renata 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObesity is associated with low-grade inflammation, triggered in adipose tissue, which may occur due to an excess of SFA from the diet that can be recognised by Toll-like receptor-4. This condition is involved in the development of components of the metabolic syndrome associated with obesity, especially insulin resistance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and adipose tissue inflammation as a function of the period of time in which rats were submitted to a high-sugar/fat diet (HSF). Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups to receive the control diet (C) or the HSF for 6, 12 or 24 weeks. HSF increased the adiposity index in all HSF groups compared with the C group. HSF was associated with higher plasma TAG, glucose, insulin and leptin levels. Homeostasis model assessment increased in HSF compared with C rats at 24 weeks. Both TNF-α and IL-6 were elevated in the epididymal adipose tissue of HSF rats at 24 weeks compared with HSF at 6 weeks and C at 24 weeks. Only the HSF group at 24 weeks showed increased expression of both Toll-like receptor-4 and NF-κB. More inflammatory cells were found in the HSF group at 24 weeks. We can conclude that the metabolic syndrome occurs independently of the inflammatory response in adipose tissue and that inflammation is associated with hypertrophy of adipocytes, which varies according to duration of exposure to the HSF.
Amyloid single-cell cytotoxicity assays by nanomotion detection
Authors: Ruggeri Francesco S , Mahul-Mellier Anne-Laure , Kasas Sandor , Lashuel Hilal A , Longo Giovanni , Dietler Giovanni 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCells are extremely complex systems able to actively modify their metabolism and behavior in response to environmental conditions and stimuli such as pathogenic agents or drugs. The comprehension of these responses is central to understand the molecular bases of human pathologies, including amyloid misfolding diseases. Conventional bulk biological assays are limited by intrinsic cellular heterogeneity in gene, protein and metabolite expression, and can investigate only indirectly cellular reactions in non-physiological conditions. Here we employ a label-free nanomotion sensor to study single neuroblastoma cells exposed to extracellular monomeric and amyloid α-synuclein species in real-time and in physiological conditions. Combining this technique with fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate multispecies cooperative cytotoxic effect of amyloids and aggregate-induced loss of cellular membrane integrity. Notably, the method can study cellular reactions and cytotoxicity an order of magnitude faster, and using 100-fold smaller volume of reagents when compared to conventional bulk analyses. This rapidity and sensitivity will allow testing novel pharmacological approaches to stop or delay a wide range of human diseases.
MicroRNA-34a/EGFR axis plays pivotal roles in lung tumorigenesis
Authors: Li Y-L , Liu X-M , Zhang C-Y , Zhou J-B , Shao Y , Liang C , Wang H-M , Hua Z-Y , Lu S-D , Ma Z-L 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital in the regulation of tumor progression and invasion. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been linked to the development of various types of human cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the effect of miRNA-34a (miR-34a), a key regulator of tumor suppression, on the tumorigenesis of NSCLC has not been fully elaborated. Herein, we reveal that miR-34a is significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, suggesting that miR-34a might function as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer. We also confirmed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a direct target of miR-34a, and our data reveal that siRNA knockdown of EGFR can inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis and arrest cell-cycle progression. In addition, EGFR can reverse the suppressive function of miR-34a overexpression on proliferation and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that miR-34a suppress tumor growth, both in the A549 xenograft model, as well as in the metastatic tumors in nude mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-34a inhibits NSCLC tumor growth and metastasis through targeting EGFR.
A probabilistic assessment of the rapidity of PETM onset
Authors: Kirtland Turner Sandra , Hull Pincelli M. , Kump Lee R. , Ridgwell Andy 
Published: August 2017

AbstractKnowledge of the onset duration of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum—the largest known greenhouse-gas-driven global warming event of the Cenozoic—is central to drawing inferences for future climate change. Single-foraminifera measurements of the associated carbon isotope excursion from Maud Rise (South Atlantic Ocean) are controversial, as they seem to indicate geologically instantaneous carbon release and anomalously long ocean mixing. Here, we fundamentally reinterpret this record and extract the likely PETM onset duration. First, we employ an Earth system model to illustrate how the response of ocean circulation to warming does not support the interpretation of instantaneous carbon release. Instead, we use a novel sediment-mixing model to show how changes in the relative population sizes of calcareous plankton, combined with sediment mixing, can explain the observations. Furthermore, for any plausible PETM onset duration and sampling methodology, we place a probability on not sampling an intermediate, syn-excursion isotopic value. Assuming mixed-layer carbonate production continued at Maud Rise, we deduce the PETM onset was likely <5 kyr.
Ultra-large single crystals by abnormal grain growth
Authors: Kusama Tomoe , Omori Toshihiro , Saito Takashi , Kise Sumio , Tanaka Toyonobu , Araki Yoshikazu , Kainuma Ryosuke 
Published: August 2017

AbstractProducing a single crystal is expensive because of low mass productivity. Therefore, many metallic materials are being used in polycrystalline form, even though material properties are superior in a single crystal. Here we show that an extraordinarily large Cu-Al-Mn single crystal can be obtained by abnormal grain growth (AGG) induced by simple heat treatment with high mass productivity. In AGG, the sub-boundary energy introduced by cyclic heat treatment (CHT) is dominant in the driving pressure, and the grain boundary migration rate is accelerated by repeating the low-temperature CHT due to the increase of the sub-boundary energy. With such treatment, fabrication of single crystal bars 70 cm in length is achieved. This result ensures that the range of applications of shape memory alloys will spread beyond small-sized devices to large-scale components and may enable new applications of single crystals in other metallic and ceramics materials having similar microstructural features.
Conformal metasurface-coated dielectric waveguides for highly confined broadband optical activity with simultaneous low-visibility and reduced crosstalk
Authors: Jiang Zhi Hao , Kang Lei , Werner Douglas H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe ability to achieve simultaneous control over the various electromagnetic properties of dielectric waveguides, including mode confinement, polarization, scattering signature, and crosstalk, which are critical to system miniaturization, diversity in functionality, and non-invasive integration, has been a highly sought after yet elusive goal. Currently existing methods, which rely on three-dimensional artificial cores or claddings and/or structural chirality, provide efficient paths for obtaining either highly confined modes, optical activity, or a low-scattering signature, but at the expense of increased propagation loss, form factor and weight. Here, by tailoring the unique anisotropy and exploiting the inter-cell coupling of metasurface coatings, we report a unified approach for simultaneously controlling the diverse optical properties of dielectric waveguides. The experimentally demonstrated highly confined sub-wavelength dielectric waveguide with a low-visibility and broadband optical activity represents a transformative wave manipulation capability with far reaching implications, offering new pathways for future miniaturization of dielectric waveguide-based systems with simultaneous polarization and scattering control.
Tumor-selective catalytic nanomedicine by nanocatalyst delivery
Authors: Huo Minfeng , Wang Liying , Chen Yu , Shi Jianlin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTumor cells metabolize in distinct pathways compared with most normal tissue cells. The resulting tumor microenvironment would provide characteristic physiochemical conditions for selective tumor modalities. Here we introduce a concept of sequential catalytic nanomedicine for efficient tumor therapy by designing and delivering biocompatible nanocatalysts into tumor sites. Natural glucose oxidase (GOD, enzyme catalyst) and ultrasmall Fe3O4 nanoparticles (inorganic nanozyme, Fenton reaction catalyst) have been integrated into the large pore-sized and biodegradable dendritic silica nanoparticles to fabricate the sequential nanocatalyst. GOD in sequential nanocatalyst could effectively deplete glucose in tumor cells, and meanwhile produce a considerable amount of H2O2 for subsequent Fenton-like reaction catalyzed by Fe3O4 nanoparticles in response to mild acidic tumor microenvironment. Highly toxic hydroxyl radicals are generated through these sequential catalytic reactions to trigger the apoptosis and death of tumor cells. The current work manifests a proof of concept of catalytic nanomedicine by approaching selectivity and efficiency concurrently for tumor therapeutics.
HSP70-Hrd1 axis precludes the oncorepressor potential of N-terminal misfolded Blimp-1s in lymphoma cells
Authors: Wang Wen-Fang , Yan Li , Liu Zhao , Liu Lan-Xuan , Lin Jian , Liu Zhi-Yin , Chen Xiong-Ping , Zhang Wu , Xu Zi-Zhen , Shi Ting , Li Jun-Min , Zhao Yi-Lei , Meng Guoyu , Xia Yi , Li Jian-Yong , Zhu Jiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractB lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) ensures B-cell differentiation into the plasma cell stage, and its instability constitutes a crucial oncogenic element in certain aggressive cases of activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL). However, the underlying degradation mechanisms and their possible therapeutic relevance remain unexplored. Here, we show that N-terminal misfolding mutations in ABC-DLBCL render Blimp-1 protein susceptible to proteasome-mediated degradation but spare its transcription-regulating activity. Mechanistically, whereas wild-type Blimp-1 metabolism is triggered in the nucleus through PML-mediated sumoylation, the degradation of lymphoma-associated mutants is accelerated by subversion of this pathway to Hrd1-mediated cytoplasmic sequestration and ubiquitination. Screening experiments identifies the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) that selects Blimp-1 mutants for Hrd1 association, and HSP70 inhibition restores their nuclear accumulation and oncorepressor activities without disrupting normal B-cell maturation. Therefore, HSP70-Hrd1 axis represents a potential therapeutic target for restoring the oncorepressor activity of unstable lymphoma-associated Blimp-1 mutants.
Activated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Interact with Antibiotics and Host Innate Immune Responses to Control Chronic Bacterial Infections
Authors: Johnson Valerie , Webb Tracy , Norman Annalis , Coy Jonathan , Kurihara Jade , Regan Daniel , Dow Steven 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChronic bacterial infections associated with biofilm formation are often difficult to resolve without extended courses of antibiotic therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exert antibacterial activity in vitro and in acute bacterial infection models, but their activity in chronic infection with biofilm models has not been previously investigated. Therefore, we studied the effects of MSC administration in mouse and dog models of chronic infections associated with biofilms. Mice with chronic Staphylococcus aureus implant infections were treated by i.v. administration of activated or non-activated MSC, with or without antibiotic therapy. The most effective treatment protocol was identified as activated MSC co-administered with antibiotic therapy. Activated MSC were found to accumulate in the wound margins several days after i.v. administration. Macrophages in infected tissues assumed an M2 phenotype, compared to untreated infections which contained predominately M1 macrophages. Bacterial killing by MSC was found to be mediated in part by secretion of cathelicidin and was significantly increased by antibiotics. Studies in pet dogs with spontaneous chronic multi drug-resistant wound infections demonstrated clearance of bacteria and wound healing following repeated i.v. administration of activated allogeneic canine MSC. Thus, systemic therapy with activated MSC may be an effective new, non-antimicrobial approach to treatment of chronic, drug-resistant infections.
Changing Epidemic of HIV and Syphilis Among Resident and Migrant Men Who Have Sex with Men in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Chen Yuheng , Tang Weiming , Chen Lusi , Shi Lingen , Liu Xiaoyan , Xu Jinshui , Hu Haiyang , Yang Haitao , Huan Xiping , Fu Gengfeng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMen who have sex with men (MSM) in China face high rates of HIV and syphilis infection exacerbated by internal migration. Studies on the differences of HIV and syphilis epidemics changing trends in high-risk behaviors and geographic distribution between resident and migrant MSM in Jiangsu, China were conducted. MSM were recruited from 14 surveillance sites in the serial cross-sectional study. Data on demographics, sexual behaviors, HIV and syphilis prevalence were collected. Participants were classified as residents or migrants based on household registration. During 2010–2014, 19,750 MSM were investigated. Engaged in anal sex (76.3% to 80.2%, P < 0.01) as well as received HIV-related services (72.1% to 79.2%, P < 0.01) were increasing. In contrast, engaged in commercial anal sex with males (7.4% to 5.0%, P < 0.01) and drug use (1.6% to 0.8%, P < 0.01) were decreasing. HIV prevalence ranged between 8.6% to 9.6%, while syphilis prevalence decreased over time (13.4–6.8%, P < 0.01). Further, we found that migrant MSM were more likely to engage in condomless anal sex, also had a higher HIV and syphilis prevalence than resident. During the study period, while syphilis prevalence decreased, higher rates of risk behaviors among migrant MSM called for targeted intervention strategies to reduce the HIV transmission.
Tau plasma levels in subjective cognitive decline: Results from the DELCODE study
Authors: Müller Stephan , Preische Oliver , Göpfert Jens C. , Yañez Viviana A. Carcamo , Joos Thomas O. , Boecker Henning , Düzel Emrah , Falkai Peter , Priller Josef , Buerger Katharina , Catak Cihan , Janowitz Daniel , Heneka Michael T. , Brosseron Frederic , Nestor Peter , Peters Oliver , Menne Felix , Schipke Carola G. , Schneider Anja , Spottke Annika , Fließbach Klaus , Kilimann Ingo , Teipel Stefan , Wagner Michael , Wiltfang Jens , Jessen Frank , Laske Christoph 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated increased tau plasma levels in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD. Much less is known whether increased tau plasma levels can already be detected in the pre-MCI stage of subjective cognitive decline (SCD). In the present study we measured tau plasma levels in 111 SCD patients and 134 age- and gender-matched cognitively healthy controls participating in the DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases) longitudinal study on cognition and dementia (DELCODE). Tau plasma levels were measured using ultra-sensitive, single-molecule array (Simoa) technology. We found no significant different tau plasma levels in SCD (3.4 pg/ml) compared with healthy controls (3.6 pg/ml) after controlling for age, gender, and education (p = 0.137). In addition, tau plasma levels did not correlate with Aβ42 (r = 0.073; p = 0.634), tau (r = −0.179; p = 0.240), and p-tau181 (r = −0.208; p = 0.171) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels in a subgroup of 45 SCD patients with available CSF. In conclusion, plasma tau is not increased in SCD patients. In addition, the lack of correlation between tau in plasma and CSF in the examined cohort suggests that tau levels are affected by different factors in both biofluids.