bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Physical and Emotional Maternal Hostility on Adolescents’ Depression and Reoffending
Authors: Thomas April Gile , Ozbardakci Nina , Fine Adam , Steinberg Laurence , Frick Paul J. , Cauffman Elizabeth 
Published: September 2017

This study examines whether (1) mothers vary in the way they express hostility toward their delinquent adolescent offspring, (2) different types of maternal hostility differentially affect adolescents’ depression and recidivism, and (3) adolescent depression serves as a mechanism through which maternal hostility predicts later reoffending. The sample consists of 1,216 male first‐time offenders, aged 13–17 years (M = 15.80, SD = 1.29). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the premise that maternal hostility could be distinguished into two subtypes: emotional and physical hostility. Adolescent offenders who experienced emotional or physical hostility by their mothers reported greater depressive symptoms and reoffending 6 months later. Further, the relation between maternal hostility (of each type) and adolescent reoffending was partially explained by depressive symptomology.
Financial and Health Barriers and Caregiving‐Related Difficulties Among Rural and Urban Caregivers
Authors: Bouldin Erin D. , Shaull Lynn , Andresen Elena M. , Edwards Valerie J. , McGuire Lisa C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeTo assess whether financial or health‐related barriers were more common among rural caregivers and whether rural caregivers experienced more caregiving‐related difficulties than their urban peers.MethodsWe used data from 7,436 respondents to the Caregiver Module in 10 states from the 2011‐2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Respondents were classified as caregivers if they reported providing care to a family member or friend because of a long‐term illness or disability. We classified respondents as living in a rural area if they lived outside of a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). We defined a financial barrier as having an annual household income <$25,000 or not being able see a doctor when needed in the past year because of cost. We defined a health barrier as having multiple chronic health conditions, a disability, or fair or poor self‐rated health.FindingsRural caregivers more frequently had financial barriers than urban caregivers (38.1% vs 31.0%, P = .0001), but the prevalence of health barriers was similar (43.3% vs 40.6%, P = .18). After adjusting for demographic differences, financial barriers remained more common among rural caregivers. Rural caregivers were less likely than their urban peers to report that caregiving created any difficulty in both unadjusted and adjusted models (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.90; P < .001).ConclusionsInformal caregivers, particularly in rural areas, face financial barriers. Rural caregivers were less likely than urban caregivers to report caregiving‐related difficulties. Rural caregivers’ coping strategies or skills in identifying informal supports may explain this difference, but additional research is needed to explore this hypothesis.
Beat Gestures and Syntactic Parsing: An ERP Study
Authors: Biau Emmanuel , Fromont Lauren A. , Soto‐Faraco Salvador 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe tested the prosodic hypothesis that the temporal alignment of a speaker's beat gestures in a sentence influences syntactic parsing by driving the listener's attention. Participants chose between two possible interpretations of relative‐clause (RC) ambiguous sentences, while their electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. We manipulated the alignment of the beat within sentences where auditory prosody was removed. Behavioral performance showed no effect of beat placement on the sentences’ interpretation, while event‐related potentials (ERPs) revealed a positive shift of the signal in the windows corresponding to N100 and P200 components. Additionally, post hoc analyses of the ERPs time locked to the RC revealed a modulation of the P600 component as a function of gesture. These results suggest that beats modulate early processing of affiliate words in continuous speech and potentially have a global impact at the level of sentence‐parsing components. We speculate that beats must be synergistic with auditory prosody to be fully consequential in behavior.
Self‐Efficacy, Attitudes, and Choice of Strategies for English Pronunciation Learning
Authors: Sardegna Veronica G. , Lee Juhee , Kusey Crystal 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article proposes a structural model of English language learners’ self‐efficacy beliefs, attitudes toward learning pronunciation skills, and choice of pronunciation learning strategies. Participants’ responses (N = 704) to two self‐reported questionnaires—Strategies for Pronunciation Improvement (SPI) inventory and Learner Attitudes for Pronunciation (LAP) inventory—were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine the direct and indirect relationships among the latent variables. The results showed that perceived practical and linguistic values related to pronunciation learning led students to be concerned about their pronunciation and thus increased their intentional behavior to improve their pronunciation skills. Also, the greater the intentional behavior, the more likely students were to select strategies to advance their pronunciation skills. Furthermore, a multigroup SEM analysis revealed that self‐efficacy about pronunciation skills significantly influenced girls’ emotions, whereas self‐efficacy had a negligible effect on boys’ emotions. Pedagogical implications of these findings and possible avenues for future research are discussed.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/6a3we. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Cystatin C predicts acute kidney injury and mortality in cirrhotics: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Maiwall Rakhi , Kumar Awinash , Bhardwaj Ankit , Kumar Guresh , Bhadoria Ajeet S. , Sarin Shiv K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsAcute kidney injury is a frequent and ominous complication in cirrhosis. An episode of AKI damages the functional nephron mass, compromising the renal functional reserve. We aimed to study the incidence of AKI, probability of subsequent episodes, whether AKI itself predisposes to future AKI and the reliability of serum cystatin C(sCyC) as a biomarker in a prospective cohort of cirrhotics.Patients and MethodsFive hundred and thirty‐one cirrhotics without ongoing AKI were followed for development/resolution of AKI. Predictive models for AKI and mortality were developed and validated (Gr. A, Derivative cohort [n = 273], Gr. B, Validation Cohort [n = 258]).Results365 episodes of AKI occurred in 233 patients; yielding a mean of 1.56 episodes of AKI per patient. In Gr. A and B, 97 (35.5%) and 78 (30%) patients had prior AKI episodes and were predisposed to further attacks (Gr. A, HR 3.9, 95% CI 2.7‐5.6, Gr. B, HR 3.6, 95% CI 2.5‐5.4). AKI was thus an independent predictor of the development of new AKI(P < .05) and this risk increased significantly with increase in the number of AKI episodes (P < .001). S.CysC but not s.Cr was an independent predictor of new AKI on multivariate analysis. “AKI‐Score” incorporating CysC; and the addition of Cyst into components of MELD, that is the “MELD‐Cystatin” score predicted the development of AKI and mortality, respectively, and performed significantly better than the MELD and CTP scores.ConclusionsAn episode of AKI itself predisposes to subsequent attacks of AKI in cirrhotics. Scores incorporating CysC can accurately predict the development of AKI and mortality in these patients.
Expression of Target Antigen for Epstein‐Barr Virus‐Specific Cytotoxic T Cells on BJAB Cells Freshly Infected with EBV
Authors: SUGAMURA Kazuo , TANAKA Yuetsu , HINUMA Yorio 
Published: September 2017

The target antigen for Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐specific cytotoxic T cells (Tc) was expressed on BJAB cells exposed to the B95‐8 strain of EBV for at least one hour. Ultraviolet‐light (UV)‐irradiated noninfectious B95‐8 virus also induced the target antigen on BJAB cells. Cold target competition tests suggested that the target antigen expressed on EBV‐infected BJAB cells was distinct from the lymphocyte‐detected membrane antigen (LYDMA) which was also recognized by the EBV‐specific Tc and expressed on autologous EBV‐transformed lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) cells. Neither of these target antigens for EBV‐specific Tc was detected on the surface of EBV‐genome positive BJAB cells which had been kept in a long‐term culture after EBV‐infection. Thus, the virion antigen, especially the EBV‐membrane antigen (MA), is a possible candidate for the target antigen expressed on EBV‐infected BJAB cells.Lysis of EBV‐infected BJAB cells was inhibited by target cell treatment with anti‐β2 microglobulin (anti‐β2M) antibody and induction of the effector Tc was dependent on the donor individual. These resalts suggested the possibility that the Tc recognizing EBV‐infected BJAB cells are restricted by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
A Monoclonal Antibody that Binds Preferentially to Human Suppressor T Cells
Authors: KATO Kotaro , TERASIIIMA Masazumi , OSAWA Toshiaki 
Published: September 2017

A monoclonal antibody termed JM3‐3‐3A was produced by somatic cell hybridization. The reactivity was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence. JM3‐3‐3A was reactive with 41% human peripheral blood T cells and 48% non‐T cells. Among various human lymphoblastoid cell lines (MOLT 4F, JM, and TALL‐I), TALL‐I was found not to be reactive with JM‐13‐3‐3A. Human peripheral blood Tcells fractionated by JM3‐3‐3A‐coated dish panning were submitted to functional studies. JM3‐3‐3A positive T cells responded to mitogens, concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin‐P much better than JM3‐3‐3A negative T cells in the presence or absence of adherent cells. JM3‐3‐3A positive T cells showed suppressor activity and JM3‐3‐3A negative T cells showed helper activity in pokeweed mitogen‐induced Ig production. More than fifty percent of the JM3‐3‐3A positive T cells were reactive with OKT8 which binds to suppressor/ cytotoxic T cells, whereas 18% of JM3‐3‐3A negative T cells were reactive with OKTIl. In addition, immunoprecipitation experiments identified a protein with an approximate molecular weight of 43,000 as a cell surface antigen for JM3‐3‐3A.Thus, the reactivity of JM3‐3‐3A showed a wide distribution but human peripheral blood T cells could be dissected functionally by this antibody.
Selective pressure for rapid membrane integration constrains the sequence of bacterial outer membrane proteins
Authors: Peterson Janine H. , Plummer Ashlee M. , Fleming Karen G. , Bernstein Harris D. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAlmost all bacterial outer membrane proteins (OMPs) contain a β barrel domain that serves as a membrane anchor, but the assembly and quality control of these proteins are poorly understood. Here, we show that the introduction of a single lipid‐facing arginine residue near the middle of the β barrel of the Escherichia coli OMPs OmpLA and EspP creates an energy barrier that impedes membrane insertion. Although several unintegrated OmpLA mutants remained insertion‐competent, they were slowly degraded by the periplasmic protease DegP. Two EspP mutants were also gradually degraded by DegP but were toxic because they first bound to the Bam complex, an essential heteroligomer that catalyzes the membrane insertion of OMPs. Interestingly, another EspP mutant likewise formed a prolonged, deleterious interaction with the Bam complex but was protected from degradation and eventually inserted into the membrane in a native conformation. The different types of interactions between the EspP mutants and the Bam complex that we observed may correspond to distinct stages in OMP assembly. Our results show that sequences that significantly delay assembly are disfavored not only because unintegrated OMPs are subjected to degradation, but also because OMPs that assemble slowly can form dominant‐negative interactions with the Bam complex.
The CysB motif of Rev3p involved in the formation of the four‐subunit DNA polymerase ζ is required for defective‐replisome‐induced mutagenesis
Authors: Szwajczak Ewa , Fijalkowska Iwona J. , Suski Catherine 
Published: September 2017

SummaryEukaryotic DNA replication is performed by high‐fidelity multi‐subunit replicative B‐family DNA polymerases (Pols) α, δ and ɛ. Those complexes are composed of catalytic and accessory subunits and organized in multicomplex machinery: the replisome. The fourth B‐family member, DNA polymerase zeta (Pol ζ), is responsible for a large portion of mutagenesis in eukaryotic cells. Two forms of Pol ζ have been identified, a hetero‐dimeric (Pol ζ2) and a hetero‐tetrameric (Pol ζ4) ones and recent data have demonstrated that Pol ζ4 is responsible for damage‐induced mutagenesis. Here, using yeast Pol ζ mutant defective in the assembly of the Pol ζ four‐subunit form, we show in vivo that [4Fe‐4S] cluster in Pol ζ catalytic subunit (Rev3p) is also required for spontaneous (wild‐type cells) and defective‐replisome‐induced mutagenesis – DRIM (pol3‐Y708A, pol2‐1 or psf1‐100 cells), when cells are not treated with any external damaging agents.
The patterns of birthmarks suggest a novel population of melanocyte precursors arising around the time of gastrulation
Authors: Kinsler Veronica A. , Larue Lionel 
Published: September 2017

SummarySystematic work in the mouse and chicken has mapped out two neural crest‐derived pathways of melanocyte precursor migration. With these in mind, this study reappraises the patterns of congenital pigmentary disorders in humans and identifies three recurrent patterns consistent across genetically different diseases. Only two of these are seen in diseases known to be melanocyte cell‐autonomous. The segmental pattern correlates well with the classical dorsolateral population from animal studies, demonstrating respect of the midline, cranio‐caudal axial mixing, unilateral migration and involvement of key epidermally derived structures. Importantly however, the melanocyte precursors responsible for the non‐segmental pattern, which demonstrates circular, bilateral migration centred on the midline, and not involving key epidermally derived structures, have not been identified previously. We propose that this population originates around the time of gastrulation, most likely within the mesoderm, and ultimately resides within the dermis. Whether it contributes to mature melanocytes in non‐disease states is not known; however, parallels with the patterns of acquired vitiligo would suggest that it does. The third pattern, hypo‐ or hyperpigmented fine and whorled Blaschko's lines, is proposed to be non‐cell‐autonomous.
An open‐label extension long‐term study of the safety and efficacy of aripiprazole for irritability in children and adolescents with autistic disorder in Japan
Authors: Ichikawa Hironobu , Hiratani Michio , Yasuhara Akihiro , Tsujii Noa , Oshimo Takashi , Ono Hiroaki , Tadori Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2017

AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the long‐term safety and efficacy of aripiprazole in treating irritability in pediatric patients (6–17 years) with autistic disorder (AD) in Japan.MethodsIn this open‐label extension study, patients who had completed a previous randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled 8‐week study were enrolled and were flexibly dosed with aripiprazole (1–15 mg/day) until the new indication of irritability in pediatric autism spectrum disorder was approved in Japan.ResultsSeventy (81%) out of 86 enrolled patients completed week‐48 assessments. The mean duration of treatment was 694.9 days. The mean daily dose of aripiprazole over the treatment period was 7.2 mg and the mean of the final dose was 8.5 mg. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAE; ≥20%) included nasopharyngitis, somnolence, influenza, and increased weight. The majority of these TEAE were mild or moderate in severity, and there were no deaths, and no clinically relevant findings in laboratory values except prolactin decrease, vital signs, height, or ECG parameters. At week 48 (observed case), the mean change from baseline in the Irritability subscale score for the Aberrant Behavior Checklist Japanese Version was −6.3 in prior placebo patients and −2.6 in prior aripiprazole patients.ConclusionAripiprazole was generally safe, well tolerated, and effective in the long‐term treatment of irritability associated with AD in Japanese pediatric patients.
Long‐term survival of blast pathogen in infected rice residues as major source of primary inoculum in high altitude upland ecology
Authors: Raveloson H. , Ratsimiala Ramonta I. , Tharreau D. , Sester M. 
Published: September 2017

Magnaporthe oryzae is the fungal plant pathogen that causes rice blast. The sources of primary inoculum and overwintering mode of the fungus remain largely unknown. The effect of rice residues on the onset of blast epidemics and the potential for survival of M. oryzae in the residues were studied in upland conditions in Madagascar. Blast disease was observed in a 3‐year field experiment in three treatments: with either infected or uninfected rice residues on the soil surface, or without rice residues. Leaf blast incidence was significantly higher in the treatment with infected rice residues than in the two other treatments at the early stages of the epidemic. In a second set of trials, the survival of M. oryzae on rice residues was monitored. Infected rice stems were placed by lots in three places: on the mulch of rice residues, under the mulch, and buried at a depth of 10 cm in the soil. Each month, samples were taken from the field and tested for sporulation. The survival of the blast fungus decreased rapidly on the stems buried in the soil but remained high for the other conditions. Sporulation of the fungus was observed on stems left on the mulch for up to 18 months. It is concluded that under field conditions, the presence of infected rice residues could initiate an epidemic of blast. The results of this study may help in designing effective management strategies for rice residues infected by M. oryzae.
Inference of the phylogenetic diversity and population structure of Xanthomonas campestris affecting Brassicaceae using a multilocus sequence typing‐based approach
Authors: Cruz J. , Tenreiro R. , Cruz L. 
Published: September 2017

Xanthomonas campestris pathovars are widely distributed throughout the globe and have a broad host range, causing severe economic losses in the food and ornamental crucifers markets. Using an approach based on multilocus sequence typing, phylogenetic diversity and population structure of a set of 75 Portuguese and other Xanthomonas campestris isolates from several cruciferous hosts were assessed. Although this population displayed a major clonal structure, neighbour‐net phylogenetic analysis highlighted the presence of recombinational events that may have driven the ecological specialization of X. campestris with different host ranges within the Brassicaceae family. A high level of genetic diversity within and among X. campestris pathovars was also revealed, through the establishment of 46 sequence types (STs). This approach provided a snapshot of the global X. campestris population structure in cruciferous host plants, correlating the existing pathovars with three distinct genetic lineages. Phylogenetic relationships between the founder genotype and remaining isolates that constitute the X. campestris pv. campestris population were further clarified using goeBURST algorithm. Identification of an intermediate link between X. campestris pv. campestris and X. campestris pv. raphani provided new insights into the mechanisms driving the differentiation of both pathovars. Wide geographic distribution of allelic variants suggests that evolution of X. campestris as a seedborne pathogen was not shaped by natural barriers. However, as Portuguese isolates encompass 26 unique STs and this country is an important centre of domestication of Brassica oleracea crops, a strong case is made for its role as a diversification reservoir, most probably through host–pathogen coevolution.
The Dual Role of Treg in Cancer
Authors: Frydrychowicz M. , Boruczkowski M. , Kolecka‐Bednarczyk A. , Dworacki G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a small subpopulation of CD4+ cells. Tregs are characterized by the expression of transcription factor Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3), also known as scurfin. Tregs are modulators of adaptive immune responses and play an important role in maintaining tolerance to self‐antigens, providing the suppression associated with tumour microenvironment as well. These immunomodulatory properties are the main reason for the development of numerous therapeutic strategies, designed to inhibit the activity of cancer cells. However, due to Treg subpopulation diversity and its many functional pathways, the role of these cells in the cancer development and progression is still not fully understood.
Chagas disease and liver transplantation: Experience in Argentina using real‐time quantitative PCR for early detection and treatment
Authors: Balderramo Domingo , Bonisconti Florencia , Alcaraz Alvaro , Giordano Enzo , Sánchez Ariel , Barrabino Martín , Caeiro Juan Pablo , Alvarellos Teresita , Maraschio Martín 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundChagas disease (CD) is an endemic zoonosis that occurs in Latin America and is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Early detection of T. cruzi in liver transplant recipients at risk may avoid complications from CD. The aim of this study was to examine the pre‐operative evaluation and follow‐up of CD after liver transplantation (LT) of patients at risk of CD using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for T. cruzi.MethodsBetween January 2009 and June 2016, 13 (12.7%) of 102 LTs performed in recipients at risk for CD without specific postoperative prophylaxis were prospectively evaluated using qPCR for T. cruzi. Four seronegative patients received livers from seropositive donors (R−/D+) and 9 seropositive recipients received livers from seronegative donors (R+/D−). A cohort of 89 patients without risk for CD during the same time period was analyzed as controls.ResultsA positive qPCR for T. cruzi prior to LT was found in 2/9 (22.2%) seropositive recipients, and both achieved early response after therapy. The cumulative incidence of positive parasitemia after LT was higher in R+/D− than R−/D+ (37.7% vs 0%, P = .17). R+/D− transplant patients with positive qPCR achieved therapeutic response without manifestations of acute CD. LT outcomes at 1 year were similar in patients at risk of CD and in controls not at risk for CD.ConclusionA small proportion of T. cruzi‐seropositive candidates presented positive parasitemia before LT. After LT, qPCR allowed detection of parasitemia leading to use of preemptive therapy in all R+/D− with T. cruzi replication. No cases of T. cruzi parasitemia occurred in R−/D+.