bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural basis of visual perception and reasoning ability in Alzheimer's disease: correlation between Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices test and 123I‐IMP SPECT imaging results
Authors: Yoshida Taku , Mori Takaaki , Shimizu Hideaki , Yoshino Yuta , Sonobe Naomi , Matsumoto Teruhisa , Kikuchi Keiichi , Miyagawa Masao , Iga Junichi , Mochizuki Teruhito , Ueno Shu‐ichi 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveImpairment of visual perception frequently occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can cause severe constraints in daily activities. The nonverbal Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM) test consists of sets A, AB, and B and is easily performed in a short time to evaluate both visual perception and reasoning ability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neural basis of visual perception and reasoning ability in patients with AD using RCPM and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).MethodsFifty patients who fulfilled the National Institute on Aging/Alzheimer's Association criteria for probable AD dementia were examined with RCPM and SPECT. All SPECTs were performed using N‐isopropyl‐p‐[123I]‐iodoamphetamine. A multiple regression model was used to perform multivariate analyses of the relationships between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and RCPM scores.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between RCPM total score and rCBF in the inferior parietal lobes bilaterally, the right inferior temporal gyrus, and the right middle frontal gyrus. Set A was positively correlated with rCBF in the right temporal and right parietal lobes. Set AB was positively correlated with rCBF in the right temporal, right parietal, and right frontal lobes. Set B was positively correlated with rCBF in the right parietal and right frontal lobes.ConclusionOur findings suggest that deteriorations of specific brain regions are associated with dysfunction of visual perception and reasoning ability in AD. RCPM is another informative assessment scale of cognition for use in patients with AD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method for monitoring of oxygen saturation changes in brain tissue using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Rejmstad Peter , Johansson Johannes D. , Haj‐Hosseini Neda , Wårdell Karin 
Published: April 2016

Continuous measurement of local brain oxygen saturation (SO2) can be used to monitor the status of brain trauma patients in the neurocritical care unit. Currently, micro‐oxygen‐electrodes are considered as the “gold standard” in measuring cerebral oxygen pressure (pO2), which is closely related to SO2 through the oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) of hemoglobin, but with the drawback of slow in response time. The present study suggests estimation of SO2 in brain tissue using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for finding an analytical relation between measured spectra and the SO2 for different blood concentrations. The P3 diffusion approximation is used to generate a set of spectra simulating brain tissue for various levels of blood concentrations in order to estimate SO2. The algorithm is evaluated on optical phantoms mimicking white brain matter (blood volume of 0.5–2%) where pO2 and temperature is controlled and on clinical data collected during brain surgery. The suggested method is capable of estimating the blood fraction and oxygen saturation changes from the spectroscopic signal and the hemoglobin absorption profile.
magnified image
Myocardial infarct sizing by late gadolinium‐enhanced MRI: Comparison of manual, full‐width at half‐maximum, and n‐standard deviation methods
Authors: ZHANG Lin , HUTTIN Olivier , MARIE Pierre‐Yves , FELBLINGER Jacques , BEAUMONT Marine , CHILLOU Christian DE , GIRERD Nicolas , MANDRY Damien 
Published: April 2016

PurposeTo compare three widely used methods for myocardial infarct (MI) sizing on late gadolinium‐enhanced (LGE) magnetic resonance (MR) images: manual delineation and two semiautomated techniques (full‐width at half‐maximum [FWHM] and n‐standard deviation [SD]).Materials and Methods3T phase‐sensitive inversion‐recovery (PSIR) LGE images of 114 patients after an acute MI (2–4 days and 6 months) were analyzed by two independent observers to determine both total and core infarct sizes (TIS/CIS). Manual delineation served as the reference for determination of optimal thresholds for semiautomated methods after thresholding at multiple values. Reproducibility and accuracy were expressed as overall bias ± 95% limits of agreement.ResultsMean infarct sizes by manual methods were 39.0%/24.4% for the acute MI group (TIS/CIS) and 29.7%/17.3% for the chronic MI group. The optimal thresholds (ie, providing the closest mean value to the manual method) were FWHM30% and 3SD for the TIS measurement and FWHM45% and 6SD for the CIS measurement (paired t‐test; all P > 0.05). The best reproducibility was obtained using FWHM. For TIS measurement in the acute MI group, intra‐/interobserver agreements, from Bland–Altman analysis, with FWHM30%, 3SD, and manual were –0.02 ± 7.74%/–0.74 ± 5.52%, 0.31 ± 9.78%/2.96 ± 16.62% and –2.12 ± 8.86%/0.18 ± 16.12, respectively; in the chronic MI group, the corresponding values were 0.23 ± 3.5%/–2.28 ± 15.06, –0.29 ± 10.46%/3.12 ± 13.06% and 1.68 ± 6.52%/–2.88 ± 9.62%, respectively. A similar trend for reproducibility was obtained for CIS measurement. However, semiautomated methods produced inconsistent results (variabilities of 24–46%) compared to manual delineation.ConclusionThe FWHM technique was the most reproducible method for infarct sizing both in acute and chronic MI. However, both FWHM and n‐SD methods showed limited accuracy compared to manual delineation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1206–1217.
Regional characteristics of long‐term changes in total and extreme precipitations over China and their links to atmospheric–oceanic features
Authors: Wang Fang , Yang Song 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe regional features of long‐term changes in total and extreme precipitations over eight China domains and their seasonality and relationships with large‐scale and local atmospheric and oceanic factors are investigated. A newly compiled data set of 917 China stations from the China National Meteorological Information Center with strict quality control is analysed. Wintertime extreme precipitation has increased persistently in all China domains, together with an obvious wetting tendency except in North China. In spring, an increase in extreme precipitation is also seen except in South China, but total precipitation increases only in half of China. A ‘northern drying and southern wetting’ (NDSW) pattern is found over eastern China for both extreme and total precipitations in summer when precipitation increases significantly in Northwest China (NWCH). Different features are found in autumn when negative trends are found in most of the China domains for total precipitation (except in NWCH and the Tibetan Plateau) and half of the domains for extreme precipitation. Overall, the frequency of extreme precipitation plays a dominant role in determining the extreme precipitation trend compared to the intensity of precipitation. The long‐term changes in total precipitation and extreme ratio (extreme precipitation to total precipitation) are both strongly linked to the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from the Indian Ocean to the Maritime Continent, the Kuroshio, the central‐eastern Pacific, and part of the Atlantic Ocean. In summer, the NDSW pattern is closely associated with the weakening of East Asian monsoon circulation and the increase in land surface temperature of 40°–60°N. Local warming trends also contribute to the trends of extreme ratio in several domains in particular seasons.
Accurate oxygen measurements on modified Argo floats using in situ air calibrations
Authors: Bushinsky Seth M. , Emerson Steven R. , Riser Stephen C. , Swift Dana D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOxygen is an important tracer for biological processes in the ocean. Measuring changes in oxygen over annual cycles provides information about photosynthesis and respiration and their impact on the carbon cycle. Long‐term, accurate oxygen measurements over wide areas are needed to determine changes in ocean oxygen content and oxygen deficient zones. Oxygen sensors have been increasingly mounted on Argo floats that profile between 2000 m and the surface. Most of these measurements are currently too inaccurate to calculate the air‐sea gas flux, which is the dominant flux of oxygen in the surface ocean and typically driven by surface oxygen supersaturation states of only several percent. In this study, we present data from 17 Aanderaa oxygen optodes mounted on 11 Argo floats modified to make atmospheric measurements for calibration. Optodes measure oxygen equally well in air and water, allowing the use of atmospheric oxygen to perform on‐going, in situ calibrations throughout the float lifetime. We find that it is necessary to make atmospheric measurements at night, that raising optodes higher into the air reduces variance in measurements, and that multiple measurements each time a float surfaces provide the best calibration data. Initial optode calibration on deployment has an average uncertainty of ± 0.1% (1 σ) and drift can be calculated to ± 0.1% yr−1. Measurable drift was determined in 10–12 optodes out of the 14 that were deployed for ∼ 2 yr. The maximum drift rate measured was −0.5% yr−1, which is large enough to strongly impact calculations of air‐sea oxygen fluxes.
The Scope of Practice of Occupational Therapy in U.S. Criminal Justice Settings
Authors: Muñoz Jaime P. , Moreton Emily M. , Sitterly Audra M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the past 40 years, prison populations in the U.S. have nearly quadrupled while funding for rehabilitation, education and other programmes has been cut. Despite accounting for a small fraction of the world's population more than 20% of the worlds incarcerated population is in the U.S. and the rate of recidivism remains alarmingly high. Occupational therapists have the capability to play a significant role in addressing the needs of persons within the criminal justice system. However, the profession has been slow to delineate of the role occupational therapy within criminal justice settings. This study sought to provide a descriptive analysis of current occupational therapy roles and practices within the U.S. criminal justice system. Using survey research methods, the researchers collected data from respondents (N = 45; Response Rate + 51.7%) to establish a baseline of the scope of practices employed by occupational therapists working in the U.S. criminal justice system. U.S. practitioners work within institutional and community based criminal justice settings. Primary practice models, assessments and group interventions were catalogued. Respondents strongly valued the creation of networking to build the professions' presence within criminal justice settings. Occupational therapy in the criminal justice system remains an emerging practice arena. Understanding the current scope of practice in the U.S. and creating a mechanism for collaboration may help increase the depth, breadth and overall growth of the profession's role in these settings. The sampling method does not guarantee a representative sample of the population and is limited to practice within the United States. Survey design may not have allowed for respondents to fully describe their practice experiences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of information for diabetes research and care: patient views in West London
Authors: Zalin A , Papoutsi C , Shotliff K , Majeed A , Marston C , Reed J 
Published: April 2016

AbstractData obtained during the care of people with diabetes mellitus may be used to advance research, improve quality, encourage innovation and support better self‐care. However, the perspective of people living with diabetes is less well understood. This study examines the views of people with diabetes regarding access to electronic health records (EHRs) for health care and research.Survey data from a sub‐group of 404 individuals with diabetes were analysed from a dataset of 5331 West London participants randomly sampled in a cross‐sectional survey. These findings were explored in more detail in a focus group discussion involving people with diabetes.Sixty‐seven percent of people with diabetes would support the inclusion of their full records on a national EHR for purposes of personal health provision. The vast majority (91%) would prefer to have access to their own full medical history rather than a truncated version. Seventy‐nine percent said they would allow their EHR to be used for research: 51% allowing their records to be shared without identifiers and 28% being supportive of access to their identifiable information. A number of themes emerged from the focus group discussion on integrated EHRs, including expectations for improved communication with health professionals, increased participation in the consultation process, responsibility for self‐care and data sharing for the greater good.In conclusion, wider sharing of health information may address some of the challenges diabetes care entails, although striking a balance between information fragmentation and sharing remains crucial to improve health, research and quality outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons.
2D‐DIGE‐based proteomic analysis of intracoronary versus peripheral arterial blood platelets from acute myocardial infarction patients: Upregulation of platelet activation biomarkers at the culprit site
Authors: Vélez Paula , Ocaranza‐Sánchez Raymundo , López‐Otero Diego , Grigorian‐Shamagian Lilian , Rosa Isaac , Bravo Susana Belén , González‐Juanatey José Ramón , García Ángel 
Published: April 2016

PurposePlatelets play a fundamental role in the atherothrombotic events that lead to an acute myocardial infarction. In the present study we compared the proteome of intracoronary and peripheral arterial platelets from ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in the search for potential platelet biomarkers/drug targets related to what is happening at the culprit site.Experimental designTen STEMI patients were recruited and blood collected from the occluded coronary artery, at the culprit site, in the moment of reperfusion. Systemic blood obtained from the radial artery of the same patients was used as control. Proteome analysis was based on high‐resolution 2D‐DIGE and mass spectrometry. Validations were by western blotting in a group of 11 patients.ResultsSixteen differentially regulated protein features were identified, corresponding to 15 ORFs, mostly related to cytoskeletal and signaling proteins. We demonstrate the up‐regulation of integrin αIIb (ITA2B), the adapter Src kinase‐associated phosphoprotein‐2 (SKAP2), and thrombospondin‐1 isoforms in intracoronary platelets.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThis study constitutes the first analyzing in detail the proteome of arterial intracoronary platelets from STEMI patients. We show variations in the platelet proteome when comparing intracoronary and peripheral platelets. Observed differences might be related to platelet activation events at the culprit site.
Probing the Reactivity of Functionalized Surfaces by Porphyrin Metalation
Authors: Nowakowski Jan , Nowakowska Sylwia , Srivastava Gitika , Baljozovic Milos , Girovsky Jan , Ballav Nirmalya , Jung Thomas A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe presence of N‐ and Cl‐induced superstructures is shown to drastically alter the physicochemical properties of the Cu(001) substrate. We present coherent evidence that N‐ and Cl‐c(2x2) superstructures on Cu(001) decisively impact the metalation reaction of 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrin (2HTPP) as well as the on‐surface diffusion and assembly of this molecule. The N superstructure facilitates the metalation reaction and self‐assembled molecular domains of CuTPP are formed at room temperature (RT). In contrast, the Cl superstructure completely inhibits the self‐metalation reaction requiring metal atoms to be deposited from the top and causes 2HTPP to assemble into small clusters. A spectro‐microscopy correlation approach combining X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS), Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) has been utilized in this study.
Photoactivated drug delivery and bioimaging
Authors: Yang Yanmei , Mu Jing , Xing Bengang 
Published: April 2016

Among the various types of diseases, cancer remains one of the most leading causes of mortality that people are always suffering from and fighting with. So far, the effective cancer treatment demands accurate medical diagnosis, precise surgery, expensive medicine administration, which leads to a significant burden on patients, their families, and the whole national healthcare system around the world. In order to increase the therapeutic efficiency and minimize side effects in cancer treatment, various kinds of stimuli‐responsive drug delivery systems and bioimaging platforms have been extensively developed within the past decades. Among them, the strategy of photoactivated approach has attracted considerable research interest because light enables the precise control, in a highly spatial and temporal manner, the release of drug molecules as well as the activation of bioimaging agents. In general, several appropriate photoresponsive systems, which are normally sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) or visible light irradiation to undergo the multiple reaction pathways such as photocleavage and photoisomerization strategy etc. have been mainly involved in the light activated cancer therapies. Considering the potential issues of poor tissue penetration and high photoctotoxicity of short wavelength light, the recently emerged therapies based on long‐wavelength irradiation, e.g., near‐infrared (NIR) light (700–1000 nm), have displayed distinct advantages in biomedical applications. The light irradiation at NIR window indicates minimized photodamage, deep penetration, and low autofluorescence in living cells and tissues, which are of clinical importance in the desired diagnosis and therapy. In this review article, we introduce the recent advances in light‐activated drug release and biological imaging mainly for anticancer treatment. Various types of strategies such as photocage, photo‐induced isomerization, optical upconversion, and photothermal release by which different wavelength ranges of light can play the important roles in the controlled therapeutic or imaging agents delivery, and activation will be systemically discussed. In addition, the challenges and future perspectives for photo‐based cancer theranostics will be also summarized. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1408. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1408This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Ba1.63La7.39Si11N23Cl0.42:Ce3+ – A Nitridosilicate Chloride with a Zeolite‐Like Structure
Authors: Schultz Peter , Durach Dajana , Schnick Wolfgang , Oeckler Oliver 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe nitridosilicate chloride Ba1.63La7.39Si11N23Cl0.42:Ce3+ was synthesized by metathesis reaction starting from LaCl3, BaH2, CeF3 and the product of the ammonolysis of Si2Cl6. The title compound is stable towards air and moisture. Diffraction data of a microcrystal were recorded using microfocused synchrotron radiation. X‐ray spectroscopy confirms the chemical composition of the crystal. IR spectra corroborate absence of N–H bonds. The compound is homeotypic to Ba2Nd7Si11N23 and crystallizes in space group Cmmm with a = 11.009(3), b = 23.243(8), c = 9.706(4) Å and Z = 4, R1(all) = 0.0174. According to bond valence sum calculations, some crystallographic positions show complete occupancy by Ba or La whereas others contain significant amounts of both elements. In contrast to the structure prototype Ba2Nd7Si11N23, Ba1.63La7.39Si11N23Cl0.42:Ce3+ contains chloride ions in channels of the SiN4 tetrahedra network, hinting at various substitution possibilities of the complex zeolite‐like structure.
Non‐Obstetric Surgical Care at Three Rural District Hospitals in Rwanda: More Human Capacity and Surgical Equipment May Increase Operative Care
Authors: Muhirwa Ernest , Habiyakare Caste , Hedt‐Gauthier Bethany L. , Odhiambo Jackline , Maine Rebecca , Gupta Neil , Toma Gabriel , Nkurunziza Theoneste , Mpunga Tharcisse , Mukankusi Jeanne , Riviello Robert 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundMost mortality attributable to surgical emergencies occurs in low‐ and middle‐income countries. District hospitals, which serve as the first‐level surgical facility in rural sub‐Saharan Africa, are often challenged with limited surgical capacity. This study describes the presentation, management, and outcomes of non‐obstetric surgical patients at district hospitals in Rwanda.MethodsThis study included patients seeking non‐obstetric surgical care at three district hospitals in rural Rwanda in 2013. Demographics, surgical conditions, patient care, and outcomes are described; operative and non‐operative management were stratified by hospitals and differences assessed using Fisher’s exact test.ResultsOf the 2660 patients who sought surgical care at the three hospitals, most were males (60.7 %). Many (42.6 %) were injured and 34.7 % of injuries were through road traffic crashes. Of presenting patients, 25.3 % had an operation, with patients presenting to Butaro District Hospital significantly more likely to receive surgery (57.0 %, p < 0.001). General practitioners performed nearly all operations at Kirehe and Rwinkwavu District Hospitals (98.0 and 100.0 %, respectively), but surgeons performed 90.6 % of the operations at Butaro District Hospital. For outcomes, 39.5 % of all patients were discharged without an operation, 21.1 % received surgery and were discharged, and 21.1 % were referred to tertiary facilities for surgical care.ConclusionSignificantly more patients in Butaro, the only site with a surgeon on staff and stronger surgical infrastructure, received surgery. Availing more surgeons who can address the most common surgical needs and improving supplies and equipment may improve outcomes at other districts. Surgical task sharing is recommended as a temporary solution.
Root decomposition ofArtemisia halodendronand its effect on soil nitrogen and soil organic carbon in the Horqin Sandy Land, northeastern China
Authors: Luo Yongqing , Zhao Xueyong , Li Yuqiang , Zuo Xiaoan , Lian Jie , Wang Tao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRoot decomposition is a critical feedback from the plant to the soil, especially in sandy land where strong winds remove aboveground litter. As a pioneer shrub in semi‐mobile dunes of the Horqin sandy land,Artemisia halodendronhas multiple effects on nutrient capture and the microenvironment. However, its root decomposition has not been studied in terms of its influence on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N). In this study, we buried fine (≤2 mm) and coarse roots in litterbags at a depth of 15 cm below semi‐mobile dunes. We measured the masses remaining and the C and N contents at intervals during 434 days of decomposition. The soils below the litterbags were then divided into layers and sampled to measure the SOC and N contents. After rapid initial decomposition, both coarse and fine roots decomposed slowly. After 53 days, 36.2 % of coarse roots and 39.8 % of fine roots had decomposed. In contrast, only 18.4 % of coarse roots and 30.5 % of fine roots decomposed in the following 381 days. Fine roots decomposed significantly faster, and their decomposition rate after the initial rapid decay was strongly related to climate (R2= 0.716,P< 0.05). Root decomposition increased SOC and N contents below the litterbags, with larger effects for fine roots. The SOC content was more variable between soil layers than the N content. Thus, decomposition ofA. halodendronroots cannot be ignored when studying SOC and N feedbacks from plants to the soil, particularly for fine roots.