bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ITRF2014: A new release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame modeling nonlinear station motions
Authors: Altamimi Zuheir , Rebischung Paul , Métivier Laurent , Collilieux Xavier 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFor the first time in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) history, the ITRF2014 is generated with an enhanced modeling of nonlinear station motions, including seasonal (annual and semiannual) signals of station positions and postseismic deformation for sites that were subject to major earthquakes. Using the full observation history of the four space geodetic techniques (very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), satellite laser ranging (SLR), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and Doppler orbitography and radiopositioning integrated by satellite (DORIS)), the corresponding international services provided reprocessed time series (weekly from SLR and DORIS, daily from GNSS, and 24 h session‐wise from VLBI) of station positions and daily Earth Orientation Parameters. ITRF2014 is demonstrated to be superior to past ITRF releases, as it precisely models the actual station trajectories leading to a more robust secular frame and site velocities. The ITRF2014 long‐term origin coincides with the Earth system center of mass as sensed by SLR observations collected on the two LAGEOS satellites over the time span between 1993.0 and 2015.0. The estimated accuracy of the ITRF2014 origin, as reflected by the level of agreement with the ITRF2008 (both origins are defined by SLR), is at the level of less than 3 mm at epoch 2010.0 and less than 0.2 mm/yr in time evolution. The ITRF2014 scale is defined by the arithmetic average of the implicit scales of SLR and VLBI solutions as obtained by the stacking of their respective time series. The resulting scale and scale rate differences between the two solutions are 1.37 (±0.10) ppb at epoch 2010.0 and 0.02 (±0.02) ppb/yr. While the postseismic deformation models were estimated using GNSS/GPS data, the resulting parametric models at earthquake colocation sites were applied to the station position time series of the three other techniques, showing a very high level of consistency which enforces more the link between techniques within the ITRF2014 frame. The users should be aware that the postseismic deformation models are part of the ITRF2014 products, unlike the annual and semiannual signals, which were estimated internally with the only purpose of enhancing the velocity field estimation of the secular frame.
Aquifer heterogeneity controls on adverse human health effects and the concept of the hazard attenuation factor
Authors: de Barros F. P. J. , Bellin A. , Cvetkovic V. , Dagan G. , Fiori A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe analyze the probability distribution of the hazard attenuation factor for a noncarcinogenic reactive compound captured by a well in heterogeneous porous formations. The hazard attenuation factor is defined as the ratio between the hazard index HI at a detection well and at the source. Heterogeneity of the aquifer is represented through the multi‐indicator model (a collection of blocks of independent permeability) while flow and transport are solved by the means of the self‐consistent approach that is able to deal with any degree of heterogeneity. Due to formation heterogeneity, HI is a random variable and similar for hazard attenuation index. The latter can be fully characterized by its cumulative distribution function (CDF), which in turn can be related to the statistics of the travel time of solute particles, from the source to the detection well. The approach is applied to the case of a solute which undergoes decay and a well with a screen much smaller than the correlation scale of hydraulic conductivity. The results show that the probability of exceeding a given acceptable threshold of the hazard index is significantly affected by the level of heterogeneity comparable to the one observed for the MADE site, and the distance between the source and the well.
Low‐Altitude Rural to Urban Unmanned Aircraft System Operations
Authors: Atkins Ella M. , Di Donato Pedro F.A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis chapter describes low‐altitude small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) missions and anticipated operational paradigms. Since low‐altitude operations occur close to the ground, flight operation zones are defined based on overflown property type or zone. Urban and suburban operations ranging from package delivery to aerial surveillance will require high‐integrity sUAS to assure safety to overflown people and property, whereas low‐altitude flight in rural and other sparsely populated or segregated zones can safely support flights with low‐integrity sUAS such as the existing multicopter. Vehicle and system‐wide support to enable high‐integrity sUAS are summarized, and zone‐specific public and civil sUAS mission types are overviewed with consideration of compelling use cases for each zone. Requirements for UAS traffic management (UTM) support to coordinate safe sUAS transitions between low‐altitude zones and between low‐ and high‐altitude airspace are summarized.
Fail‐Safe Systems from a
UAS
Guidance Perspective
Authors: Torens Christoph , Adolf Florian‐Michael 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Unmanned aircraft are complex cyber physical systems. As such, software is a vital part of the aircraft. The midterm perspective of safe integration of unmanned aircraft in our airspace requires such a software‐driven system to be fail‐safe. Today, all classes of unmanned aircraft heavily rely on software, especially since successively increasing degrees of autonomy have already been shown for onboard decision‐making and automation of mission task elements. One important software component of an unmanned aircraft is its guidance software. Unlike an assistance system for supporting a human pilot on a manned aircraft, autonomous guidance software is supposed to allow for human independent but safe plan execution, in case the control link to the operator is interrupted. Thus, to ensure safety objectives are achieved without the conventional fall‐back layer of the human pilot in the loop, such cases of lost data and controlling links require special attention. First, this chapter will discuss fail‐safe systems implications for unmanned aircraft systems from a software requirements perspective. Second, we discuss software challenges and possibilities to achieve autonomy in flight from lessons learned with our flying rotorcraft research testbed. We analyze software in the loop tests mapped to an abstract set of orthogonal capabilities. Furthermore, we utilize formal requirement modeling and model checking techniques to complement traditional testing. As a result, we present a methodology and tools that are not constrained to the unmanned system at hand.
Development of Structurally Diverse N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands via Palladium‐Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Arylation of Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐3‐carboxylic Acid
Authors: Alam Khyarul , Kim Seong Min , Kim Do Joong , Park Jin Kyoon 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA series of fused non‐classical normal N‐heterocyclic carbenes, Pyrpy‐NHC precursors derived from pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines, has been prepared using palladium‐copper‐catalyzed decarboxylative arylation of pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid. Air‐stable palladium and rhodium complexes of these ligands have been synthesized via mild transmetallation of Ag‐Pyrpy‐NHC. The structural properties of Rh(Pyrpy‐NHC)(COD)Cl complexes were determined via X‐ray analysis. The measurement of the CO stretching frequencies of dicarbonyl Rh‐Pyrpy‐NHC complexes revealed that the electron donating strength of Pyrpy‐NHC could be tuned by varying the substituents of the aryl group. A catalytic study of the Pd‐Pyrpy‐NHC complexes revealed promising activity in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction under ambient atmospheric conditions.magnified image
The impact of non‐fatal workplace injuries and illnesses on mortality
Authors: Boden Leslie I. , O'Leary Paul K. , Applebaum Katie M. , Tripodis Yorghos 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundLittle research has examined the relationship between non‐fatal workplace injuries and illnesses, and long‐term mortality.MethodsWe linked non‐fatal injury cases reported to the New Mexico workers’ compensation system for 1994–2000 with Social Security Administration data on individual earnings and mortality through 2014. We then derived sex‐specific Kaplan–Meier curves to show time to death for workers with lost‐time injuries (n = 36,377) and comparison workers (n = 70,951). We fit multivariable Cox survival models to estimate the hazard ratio separately for male and female workers with lost‐time injuries.ResultsThe estimated hazard ratio for lost‐time injuries is 1.24 for women and 1.21 for men. Ninety‐five percent confidence intervals were 1.15, 1.35 and 1.15, 1.27, respectively.ConclusionLost‐time occupational injuries are associated with a substantially elevated mortality hazard. This implies an important formerly unmeasured cost of these injuries and a further reason to focus on preventing them. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:1061–1069, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association between long work hours and poor self‐reported general health among Latin American immigrant and native workers in the United States and Spain
Authors: Conway Sadie H. , Cayuela Ana , Delclos George L. , Pompeii Lisa A. , Ronda Elena 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe relationship between hours worked per week and self‐reported general health (SRGH) has not been assessed in Latin American immigrant and native workers across host countries.MethodsCross‐sectional study of the association between long work hours (LWH) (i.e., >51 hr per week) and poor SRGH using data from 2,626 workers in the United States (immigrants = 10.4%) and 8,306 workers in Spain (immigrants = 4.1%).ResultsBoth countries’ natives working >51 hr per week had increased odds of reporting poor SRGH compared to those working fewer hours (U.S.: OR = 1.59; 95%CI = 1.01–2.49; Spain: OR = 2.17; 95%CI = 1.71–2.75); when stratified by sex, increased odds also were observed among immigrant female workers in Spain (OR = 3.47; 95%CI = 1.15–10.5).ConclusionsLWH were associated with differential health outcomes in populations of native and Latin American immigrant workers in the United States and Spain, which may reflect social or occupational inequalities in general or resulting from the 2008 financial crisis. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:1105–1111, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sex differences in asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease incidence among the World Trade Center Health Program General Responder Cohort
Authors: Jiang Jieying , Icitovic Nikolina , Crane Michael A. , Dasaro Christopher R. , Kaplan Julia R. , Lucchini Roberto G. , Luft Benjamin J. , Moline Jacqueline M. , Pendem Lakshmi , Shapiro Moshe , Udasin Iris G. , Todd Andrew C. , Teitelbaum Susan L. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundAsthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are two common conditions among the responders to the WTC attacks. This study examined whether the cumulative incidence rates of asthma and GERD differed by sex among 24,022 and 23,557 WTC responders, respectively.MethodsCox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the sex difference in the rate of onset of physician‐diagnosed asthma or GERD, from 9/12/2001 through 12/31/2015.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of asthma reached 23% for women and 17% for men by the end of 2015, and the cumulative incidence of GERD reached 45% for women and 38% for men. Comparing women to men, the hazard ratio was 1.48 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27, 1.74) for asthma, and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.38) for GERD.ConclusionsWTC general responders have a substantial burden of asthma and GERD, with higher incidence in women. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:815–822, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Platelets Induce Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Production by Endothelial Cells: Contribution to Fibrosis in Human Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Truchetet Marie‐Elise , Demoures Béatrice , Eduardo Guimaraes Jorge , Bertrand Anne , Laurent Paôline , Jolivel Valérie , Douchet Isabelle , Jacquemin Clément , Khoryati Liliane , Duffau Pierre , Lazaro Estibaliz , Richez Christophe , Seneschal Julien , Doutre Marie‐Sylvie , Pellegrin Jean‐Luc , Constans Joël , Schaeverbeke Thierry , Blanco Patrick , Contin‐Bordes Cécile ,   on behalf of the Fédération Hospitalo‐Universitaire ACRONIM
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between vascular damage and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc) by testing the hypothesis that platelets contribute to skin fibrosis via the activation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) and subsequent production of profibrotic mediators.MethodsA total of 203 SSc patients and 30 healthy donors were prospectively enrolled between 2012 and 2015 at the University Hospital of Bordeaux. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses were performed on skin biopsy sections from 18 SSc patients and 5 healthy donors. Serum thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in the entire cohort. HDMECs and fibroblasts were purified from biopsy sections. Extracellular matrix production by cultured fibroblasts was assessed by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsSerum TSLP levels were significantly increased in SSc patients compared to healthy donors (P < 0.0001) and were associated with a higher frequency of vasculopathy (P = 0.02). The proportion of TSLP‐positive dermal cells was increased in the skin of SSc patients compared with healthy donors (P < 0.0001) and was correlated with fibrosis (modified Rodnan skin thickness score) (r = 0.6146, P = 0.0001). In SSc dermis, TSLP was mainly expressed by CD31‐positive endothelial cells. In vitro, activated platelets induced TSLP production by HDMECs in an interleukin‐1β–dependent manner. SSc fibroblasts responded differently according to their original TSLP environment.ConclusionTaken together, these results identify HDMECs as contributors to TSLP production in SSc and suggest a potential mechanism by which platelets may profoundly affect the fibrotic process in SSc.
Tofacitinib Ameliorates Murine Lupus and Its Associated Vascular Dysfunction
Authors: Furumoto Yasuko , Smith Carolyne K. , Blanco Luz , Zhao Wenpu , Brooks Stephen R. , Thacker Seth G. , Zarzour Abdalrahman , Sciumè Giuseppe , Tsai Wanxia L. , Trier Anna M. , Nunez Leti , Mast Laurel , Hoffmann Victoria , Remaley Alan T. , O'Shea John J. , Kaplan Mariana J. , Gadina Massimo 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveDysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its associated premature vascular damage. No drug to date targets both systemic inflammatory disease and the cardiovascular complications of SLE. Tofacitinib is a JAK inhibitor that blocks signaling downstream of multiple cytokines implicated in lupus pathogenesis. While clinical trials have shown that tofacitinib exhibits significant clinical efficacy in various autoimmune diseases, its role in SLE and the associated vascular pathology remains to be characterized.MethodsMRL/lpr lupus‐prone mice were administered tofacitinib or vehicle by gavage for 6 weeks (therapeutic arm) or 8 weeks (preventive arm). Nephritis, skin inflammation, serum levels of autoantibodies and cytokines, mononuclear cell phenotype and gene expression, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release, endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation, and endothelial differentiation were compared in treated and untreated mice.ResultsTreatment with tofacitinib led to significant improvement in measures of disease activity, including nephritis, skin inflammation, and autoantibody production. In addition, tofacitinib treatment reduced serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and interferon responses in splenocytes and kidney tissue. Tofacitinib also modulated the formation of NETs and significantly increased endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation and endothelial differentiation. The drug was effective in both preventive and therapeutic strategies.ConclusionTofacitinib modulates the innate and adaptive immune responses, ameliorates murine lupus, and improves vascular function. These results indicate that JAK inhibitors have the potential to be beneficial in SLE and its associated vascular damage.
Type VIa β‐turn‐fused helix N‐termini: A novel helix N‐cap motif containing cis proline
Authors: Dasgupta Rubin , Ganguly Himal K. , Modugula E. K. , Basu Gautam 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHelix N‐capping motifs often form hydrogen bonds with terminal amide groups which otherwise would be free. Also, without an amide hydrogen, proline (trans) is over‐represented at helix N‐termini (N1 position) because this naturally removes the need to hydrogen bond one terminal amide. However, the preference of cisPro, vis‐à‐vis helix N‐termini, is not known. We show that cisPro (αR or PPII) often appears at the N‐cap position (N0) of helices. The N‐cap cisPro(αR) is associated with a six‐residue sequence motif — X(‐2)–X(‐1)–cisPro–X(1)–X(2)–X(3) — with preference for Glu/Gln at X(‐1), Phe/Tyr/Trp at X(1) and Ser/Thr at X(3). The motif, formed by the fusion of a helix and a type VIa β‐turn, contains a hydrogen bond between the side chain of X(‐1) and the side chain/backbone of X(3), a α‐helical hydrogen bond between X(‐2) and X(2) and stacking interaction between cisPro and an aromatic residue at X(1). NMR experiments on peptides containing the motif and its variants showed that local interactions associated with the motif, as found in folded proteins, were not enough to significantly tilt the cis/trans equilibrium towards cisPro. This suggests that some other evolutionary pressure must select the cisPro motif (over transPro) at helix N‐termini. Database analysis showed that >C = O of the pre‐cisPro(αR) residue at the helix N‐cap, directed opposite to the N→C helical axis, participates in long‐range interactions. We hypothesize that the cisPro(αR) motif is preferred at helix N‐termini because it allows the helix to participate in long‐range interactions that may be structurally and functionally important.
Out‐of‐Home Care versus In‐home Care for Children Who Have Been Maltreated: A Systematic Review of Health and Wellbeing Outcomes
Authors: Maclean Miriam J. , Sims Scott , O'Donnell Melissa , Gilbert Ruth 
Published: July 2016

We systematically reviewed quantitative research that compared developmental health or wellbeing outcomes for maltreated children placed in out‐of‐home care (OoHC) with those cared for in their home. Randomised, quasi‐randomised and cohort studies that met detailed criteria were eligible. Study results and bias risk information were extracted by two authors using predefined data fields. Narrative synthesis was used because of the diversity of studies. No randomised studies were found. Thirty‐one papers from 11 cohort studies were included. The studies covered 15 developmental health or wellbeing outcomes (63 distinct comparisons). Of 40 significance‐tested comparisons, 29 were consistent with no evidence of benefit or harm of OoHC, seven were consistent with harm and four with benefit. Three studies with low risk of selection bias showed no evidence of significant differences, or found worse outcomes for OoHC. Overall, evidence from cohort studies shows limited evidence of improved outcomes, and some evidence of worse outcomes associated with OoHC. These results may be explained by selection bias favouring placement of children likely to have worse outcomes in OoHC rather than in‐home care. Further research, including randomised controlled trials and carefully matched data‐sets, is needed to determine the effectiveness of OoHC. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Studies covered 15 developmental health or wellbeing outcomes’Key Practitioner Messages

Most research has high bias risk, as children who enter OoHC have more disadvantaged backgrounds and higher risk for poor outcomes than other maltreated children.
Even allowing for significant bias risk in the studies, there are mixed results for children entering OoHC, and the three highest-quality studies showed no difference or worse outcomes for OoHC.
Proliferation of mouse fibroblast‐like and osteoblast‐like cells on pure titanium films manufactured by electron beam melting
Authors: Kawase Mayu , Hayashi Tatsuhide , Asakura Masaki , Tomino Masafumi , Mieki Akimichi , Kawai Tatsushi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe physical characteristics and biological compatibility of surfaces produced by electron beam melting (EBM) are not well known. In particular, there are not many reports on biocompatibility qualities. In this study, pure Ti films were manufactured using EBM. While it is reported that moderately hydrophilic biomaterial surfaces display improved cell growth and biocompatibility, contact angle measurements on the EBM‐produced pure Ti films showed slight hydrophobicity. Nonetheless, we found the cell count of both fibroblast‐like cells (L929) and osteoblast‐like cells (MC3T3‐E1) increased on pure Ti films, especially the MC3T3‐E1, which increased more than that of the control. In addition, the morphology of L929 and MC3T3‐E1 was polygonal and spindle‐shaped and the cytoskeleton was well developed in the pure Ti surface groups. Upon staining with Alizarin red S, a slight calcium deposition was observed and this level gradually rose to a remarkable level. These results indicate that pure Ti films manufactured by EBM have good biocompatibility and could be widely applied as biomedical materials in the near future.
Short‐versus long‐term Dual Antiplatelet therapy after drug‐eluting stent implantation in women versus men: A sex‐specific patient‐level pooled‐analysis of six randomized trials
Authors: Sawaya Fadi J. , Morice Marie‐Claude , Spaziano Marco , Mehran Roxana , Didier Romain , Roy Andrew , Valgimigli Marco , Kim Hyo‐Soo , Woo Park Kyung , Hong Myeong‐Ki , Kim Byeong‐Keuk , Jang Yangsoo , Feres Fausto , Abizaid Alexandre , Costa Ricardo A. , Colombo Antonio , Chieffo Alaide , Giustino Gennaro , Stone Gregg W. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Palmerini Tullio , Gilard Martine 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundWhether the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) are uniform between sexes is unclear. We sought to compare clinical outcomes between short‐ (≤6 months) versus long‐term (≥1 year) DAPT after drug‐eluting stent (DES) placement in women and men.Methods and ResultsWe pooled individual patient data from 6 randomized trials of DAPT (EXCELLENT, OPTIMIZE, PRODIGY, RESET, SECURITY, ITALIC PLUS). The primary outcome was 1‐year risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). The main secondary outcome was 1‐year risk of any bleeding. Out of the 11,473 randomized patients included in the pooled dataset, 3,454 (30%) were females. At 1‐year follow‐up, women had higher risk of MACE (3.6% vs. 2.8%; P = 0.01) but similar risk of bleeding (1.9% vs. 1.6%; P = 0.16) as compared with men. Compared with long‐term DAPT, short‐term DAPT was associated with similar rates of MACE in both women (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.62–1.25) and men (HR 1.25; 95% CI 0.95–1.6; P interaction = 0.08)]. At 1‐year follow‐up, short‐term DAPT was associated with lower rates of bleeding as compared with long‐term DAPT in both women (HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.51–1.37) and men (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.40–0.84; P–interaction = 0.25). The presence of MVD was associated with higher MACE rates in the short‐term DAPT group in women (HR: 1.16; CI 0.60–2.23) and men (HR: 2.29; CI 1.22–4.29; P interaction = 0.25).ConclusionsShort‐term DAPT is associated with similar rates of MACE but lower risk of bleeding when as compared with prolonged DAPT. There was no significant difference between sexes in the population studied. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.