bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stultitia and Type 2 Diabetes: The Madness of Not Wanting to Care for the Self
Authors: Ljungdalh Anders Kruse 
Published: November 2016

This paper explores the condition of stultitia, which is described by Michel Foucault in The Hermeneutics of the Subject as a condition one is in, before having started to care for the self. The purpose is to shed light on one of the paradoxes of patient education by introducing and elaborating an aspect of Foucault’s literary activities, which has not, to my knowledge, been investigated empirically before. To illustrate this condition, the paper targets the relation between type 2 diabetes, contemporary norms of healthy living, diabetes education, and the situation that sometimes occurs when individuals are not capable of, or motivated to, taking care of themselves. It specifically targets a situation, which is both incomprehensible to health professionals and patients alike; when patients desire a healthy life, but at the same time do not pursue it according to the recommendations. Thus, it is a condition of madness, which is investigated; madness in the sense that patients have internalised a rationality, against which their own behaviour rebels.
Becoming-Other: Foucault, Deleuze, and the Political Nature of Thought
Authors: Cisney Vernon W. 
Published: November 2016

In this paper I employ the notion of the ‘thought of the outside’ as developed by Michel Foucault, in order to defend the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze against the criticisms of ‘elitism,’ ‘aristocratism,’ and ‘political indifference’—famously leveled by Alain Badiou and Peter Hallward. First, I argue that their charges of a theophanic conception of Being, which ground the broader political claims, derive from a misunderstanding of Deleuze’s notion of univocity, as well as a failure to recognize the significance of the concept of multiplicity in Deleuze’s thinking. From here, I go on to discuss Deleuze’s articulation of the ‘dogmatic image of thought,’ which, insofar as it takes ‘recognition’ as its model, can only ever think what is already solidified and sedimented as true, in light of existing structures and institutions of power. Then, I examine Deleuze’s reading of Foucault and the notion of the ‘thought of the outside,’ showing the ‘outside’ as the unthought that lies at the heart of thinking itself, as both its condition and its impossibility. Insofar as it is essential to thinking itself, finally, I argue that the passage of thought to the outside is not an absolute flight out of this world, as Hallward claims, but rather, a return of the different that constitutes the Self for Deleuze. Thinking is an ongoing movement of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, or as Foucault says, death and life. Thinking, as Deleuze understands it, is essentially creative; it reconfigures the virtual, thereby literally changing the world. Thinking is therefore, according to Deleuze, thoroughly political.
Ethics and the ontology of freedom: problematization and responsiveness in Foucault and Deleuze
Authors: Gilson Erinn Cunniff 
Published: November 2016

Both Foucault and Deleuze define ethics as a form of creative activity. Yet, given certain ontological features indicated by both thinkers, ethics must be more than just creative and critical activity. Forgoing a transcendent ground for ethics, the ontological condition of ethics – what Foucault calls liberté and Deleuze calls the plane of immanence – is an opening for change that makes possible normalizing modes of existence as well transformative ones. In this context, ethics must be a practice that comprehends the dangers of such open-ended creation. The concept of problematization, emphasized by Foucault and Deleuze, leads to an enhanced understanding of their conception of ethics. On this understanding, ethics is a practice of problematization requiring a determination and assessment of the most pressing problems to which one must respond rather than attempt to solve once and for all. Ethics is necessarily a responsive engagement with the problems of one’s present.
For The Love Of Boys
Authors: Carvalho John M. 
Published: November 2016

Foucault’s late studies of classical Greek and Roman texts are significant for the attention they give to the nuances and complexities the authors of those texts attribute to the relations between men and boys. Foucault follows carefully the considerations the classical writers gave to the bodies, pleasures and knowledge that formed and were formed by these relations. His aim is not to capture what was said in these texts but to think with them about what it might have taken, lacking any standard or model, for boys and men, both, to become, in the context of their relations with one another, beautiful examples of what it means to be alive. What interests him, ultimately, is not boys or the ancient pleasures associated with boys but this practice of making one’s life admirable, to oneself and to those with whom one associates freely and intimately, in the absence of a given standard or code. If there is a Foucauldean ethics, it can be nothing more or less than this becoming an admirable instance of a life worth living.
Neo‐Liberalism, Police, and the Governance of Little Urban Things
Authors: Lippert Randy K. 
Published: November 2016

This article seeks to refine understandings of the governmental logics that comprise and shape urban governance. Drawing on research using ethnographic methods that explore the business improvement district (BID) and the condominium corporation (condo) it is argued that exclusive focus on urban neo-liberalism neglects an urban ”police.” This latter logic is most famously remarked upon in Michel Foucault’s writings as targeting “little things” in urban spaces. Both “police” and the ”free rider problem” it confronts predate and are irreducible to neo-liberalism. Ethnography helps discern this “police” as well as how neo-liberalism relates to it in private urban realms typically hidden from view. Examining BIDs and condos in this way shows that neo-liberalism and “police” co-exist and combine in the governance of urban residential and commercial life. This matters because it reveals a more complex picture of urban governance than is sometimes assumed when neo-liberalism is exclusively invoked and one that is necessarily considered when conceiving of alternative governing arrangements.
Platonism, Christianity, Stoicism: The Subject, The Truth, And The Political Import Of Their Relationship In Three Traditions
Authors: Weiss Robin 
Published: November 2016

Foucault has been criticized for overlooking the similarities among Platonism, Christianity and Stoicism, and overstating Stoicism’s distinctness. However, an examination of Stoic theories of truth shows that the Stoics sought out a particular kind of knowledge, and that this knowledge was necessarily sought by means of a certain circular process, to which Foucault himself vaguely alludes. This accounts for many of Foucault’s observations, and explains why, even when Stoics speak about such topics as self-knowledge and self-renunciation in ways that recall Platonism and Christianity, their approach is rightly characterized as differing from that of their Platonic and Christian counterparts. Ultimately, this sheds light on Stoicism’s import for politics. In short, only by the Stoic will the search for truth be carried out in such a way that the individual’s identity will neither reinforce, nor be reinforced by his or her grasp of the truth; and this will uniquely prepare the Stoic to enter the political domain and to be recognized there as someone who speaks the truth.
Development of single‐nucleotide polymorphism markers for Bromus tectorum (Poaceae) from a partially sequenced transcriptome
Authors: Merrill Keith R. , Coleman Craig E. , Meyer Susan E. , Leger Elizabeth A. , Collins Katherine A. 
Published: November 2016

Premise of the study:Bromus tectorum (Poaceae) is an annual grass species that is invasive in many areas of the world but most especially in the U.S. Intermountain West. Single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed for use in investigating the geospatial and ecological diversity of B. tectorum in the Intermountain West to better understand the mechanisms behind its successful invasion.Methods and Results:Normalized cDNA libraries from six diverse B. tectorum individuals were pooled and sequenced using 454 sequencing. Ninety‐five SNP assays were developed for use on 96.96 arrays with the Fluidigm EP1 genotyping platform. Verification of the 95 SNPs by genotyping 251 individuals from 12 populations is reported, along with amplification data from four related Bromus species.Conclusions:These SNP markers are polymorphic across populations of B. tectorum, are optimized for high‐throughput applications, and may be applicable to other, related Bromus species.
Effects of ocean acidification on pelagic carbon fluxes in a mesocosm
experiment
Authors: Spilling Kristian , Schulz Kai G. , Paul Allanah J. , Boxhammer Tim , Achterberg Eric P. , Hornick Thomas , Lischka Silke , Stuhr Annegret , Bermúdez Rafael , Czerny Jan , Crawfurd Kate , Brussaard Corina P. D. , Grossart Hans-Peter , Riebesell Ulf 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. About a quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions are currently taken up by the oceans, decreasing seawater pH. We performed a mesocosm experiment in the Baltic Sea in order to investigate the consequences of increasing CO2 levels on pelagic carbon fluxes. A gradient of different CO2 scenarios, ranging from ambient ( ∼  370 µatm) to high ( ∼  1200 µatm), were set up in mesocosm bags ( ∼  55 m3). We determined standing stocks and temporal changes of total particulate carbon (TPC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and particulate organic carbon (POC) of specific plankton groups. We also measured carbon flux via CO2 exchange with the atmosphere and sedimentation (export), and biological rate measurements of primary production, bacterial production, and total respiration. The experiment lasted for 44 days and was divided into three different phases (I: t0–t16; II: t17–t30; III: t31–t43). Pools of TPC, DOC, and DIC were approximately 420, 7200, and 25 200 mmol C m−2 at the start of the experiment, and the initial CO2 additions increased the DIC pool by  ∼  7 % in the highest CO2 treatment. Overall, there was a decrease in TPC and increase of DOC over the course of the experiment. The decrease in TPC was lower, and increase in DOC higher, in treatments with added CO2. During phase I the estimated gross primary production (GPP) was  ∼  100 mmol C m−2 day−1, from which 75–95 % was respired,  ∼  1 % ended up in the TPC (including export), and 5–25 % was added to the DOC pool. During phase II, the respiration loss increased to  ∼  100 % of GPP at the ambient CO2 concentration, whereas respiration was lower (85–95 % of GPP) in the highest CO2 treatment. Bacterial production was  ∼  30 % lower, on average, at the highest CO2 concentration than in the controls during phases II and III. This resulted in a higher accumulation of DOC and lower reduction in the TPC pool in the elevated CO2 treatments at the end of phase II extending throughout phase III. The “extra” organic carbon at high CO2 remained fixed in an increasing biomass of small-sized plankton and in the DOC pool, and did not transfer into large, sinking aggregates. Our results revealed a clear effect of increasing CO2 on the carbon budget and mineralization, in particular under nutrient limited conditions. Lower carbon loss processes (respiration and bacterial remineralization) at elevated CO2 levels resulted in higher TPC and DOC pools than ambient CO2 concentration. These results highlight the importance of addressing not only net changes in carbon standing stocks but also carbon fluxes and budgets to better disentangle the effects of ocean acidification.
A preliminary approach on the stress assessment through harmless procedures in farmed seabream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Herrera M , López J , Herves A 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFish welfare is a key factor in ensuring successful cultures. Farmed fish that are stressed have been shown to be susceptible to pathologies and present lower growth rates. The present work seeks to check the efficacy of faecal cortisol as a non-invasive method of assessing acute stress in a commercial cultured fish, the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Typical stress markers (plasma cortisol, glucose and lactate) and faecal cortisol were measured in basal and post-stress (air exposure) state. Plasma and faecal cortisol, and plasma lactate after acute stress varied significantly compared to basal levels. Moreover, faecal cortisol showed a significant correlation with plasma cortisol and lactate. In conclusion, this work describes an easy, non-invasive and practical technique to assess acute stress in farmed fish. Further studies are needed to focus on other practical procedures for chronic stress measurements in sea-farms in order to improve the welfare of these animals.
An Attachment‐Based Theory of the Aetiology of Affiliative Child Molestation
Authors: Marshall William L. , Marshall Liam E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis chapter outlines an attachment‐based theory of the aetiology of affiliative child molesters. This theory attempts to address some of the observed failings of our earlier versions by limiting its scope to those sex offenders who molest children known to them, and by spelling out its implications for treatment. The theory attempts to integrate knowledge of the factors that are known to create resilience and vulnerabilities. These factors, primarily problems in attachment relations, are addressed across life‐span developmental stages in order to account for the observation that child molestation appears to onset in different offenders at different points in each offender's life.
Theories of Empathy Deficits in Sexual Offenders
Authors: Barnett Georgia D. , Mann Ruth E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis chapter considers the relationship between empathy and sexual offending, as this type of offending has generated by far the largest literature on empathy, and sets out to review theories of empathy deficits and sexual offending. After examining the concept of empathy, proposing a definition based on a review of theoretical perspectives of this construct, the evidence for different types of empathy deficit in sexual offenders is then reviewed. The chapter concludes by proposing a new model of empathy deficits in sexual offending, and sets out its implications for practice in the rehabilitation of sexual offenders.
Situational Theories
Authors: Smallbone Stephen , Cale Jesse 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This chapter examines historical and current developments in situational approaches to sexual offending. We consider the implications of situational theories for clinical and risk management responses to known sexual offenders, and more widely for the prevention of sexual offending. We conclude that situational factors are a theoretically and practically crucial, but widely neglected, aspect of sexual offending. In our view, neither dispositional nor situational factors alone are sufficient to explain sexual offending. Rather, sexual offences always occur as a result of proximal interactions between individual and situational factors.
Theories of the Offence and Relapse Process
Authors: Polaschek Devon L. L. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Offence process theories are distinct in their temporal focus on how the offence unfolds over time. In meta‐theoretical terms, they are Level III microtheories. The treatment of sexual offending during the 1980s and 1990s was shaped by one of these theories, the Relapse Model, which derived from the relapse prevention model of substance abuse. Its inaccuracies and shortcomings led it to be superseded by the Self‐Regulation Model, which drew on self‐regulation theory to outline distinct offence pathways. In addition to these two offence theories, several descriptive models of the offence process have also been developed, for child‐sex offences, and for rape. This chapter describes and critiques each of these theories, concluding that although these models are useful in clinical practice, more research, particularly on the theoretically rich Self‐Regulation Model, would increase confidence in their utility.
Models of Modus Operandi in Sexual Offending
Authors: Beauregard Eric , Proulx Jean 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe term ‘modus operandi’ – which designates the pattern of actions and behaviours prior to, during, and following the commission of an illicit act – has been adopted by researchers in the field of sexual aggression. Although no integrated theory of modus operandi exists, typologies of sexual aggressors have been developed that take into account the relationship between modus operandi characteristics and offender characteristics. This chapter presents the dominant typologies of sexual offenders, followed by a discussion of the rational choice perspective, a theoretical approach traditionally used in criminology that is well suited to the study and exploration of modus operandi, and a presentation of some descriptive models of the modus operandi of sex offenders in terms of it. Finally, we discuss a new model of the crime‐commission process that highlights the factors determining different profiles of modus operandi.
The Risk–Need–Responsivity Model
Authors: Abracen Jeffrey , Looman Jan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis chapter reviews the available research related to both the Risk–Need–Responsivity (RNR) and Good Lives Models (GLM) of offender rehabilitation. Although it is concluded that both of these models have made contributions to the literature, neither fully accounts for the realities of working with groups of high‐risk, high‐need offenders from the authors' perspective. A revision to the RNR model, based on an integrated approach to assessment and treatment, which we have called the RNR‐I, is proposed. The model accounts for such issues as history of trauma and serious mental illness, issues which are frequently encountered when working with such groups of offenders. The details of this model are described, as are a variety of outcome research by our team which supports the utility of this perspective.
Theoretical Approaches for Sexual Offenders with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Lindsay William R. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The primary theoretical contribution for sex offenders with intellectual disability (ID) has been the Counterfeit Deviance (CD) hypothesis, which suggests that men with ID may commit inappropriate sexual behaviour (ISB) because of a poor appreciation of appropriate behaviour, poor sexual knowledge, and inadequate understanding of moral conventions. The evidence supporting the hypothesis has been reviewed and the CD hypothesis revised. The revision takes into account the fact that sex offenders with ID tend to have better sexual knowledge. Even though sex offenders may have better appreciation of sexual and societal factors, their understanding is still poor. If they have better access to prosocial influences (through the Good Lives Model) and a realistic concept of the way in which society views ISB then this explains (1) the way in which ISB is committed and (2) certain unusual research findings, and (3) provides a sound theoretical basis for treatment.
Applying Sexual Offence Theory to Online Sex Offenders
Authors: Elliott Ian A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been a concerted effort to establish the psychological characteristics of individuals who commit sex offences against children using online technologies and environments. This chapter seeks to explore overlaps between pre‐existing theories of the aetiology of sexual offending and the sexual offence process and the extant research on the characteristics of these ‘Internet offenders’. It examines the development of problematic sexual behaviours online, the various clinical symptoms thought to present in this population, the forms in which online offences manifest, and if and how online offences/offenders differ from long‐established descriptions of child molestation and the perpetrators of those offences.
Looking to the Future
Authors: Ward Tony , Beech Anthony R. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This chapter identifies four current urgent theoretical tasks for sexual offending researchers. First, a critical task is to build multilevel and interfield theories that are directly responsive to the complex nature of human functioning and psychological architecture. Second, we must take seriously the level of human agency and mental state psychological explanations of action. Third, we need to shift our attention from construct validity procedures and look to understand underlying causal processes. A preoccupation with measurement may trap us into surface‐level explanations. Fourth, some degree of integration should be attempted between research and conceptual work on dynamic risk factors and that on aetiological theories. The chapter discusses this fourth issue in some detail.
Trends Over Time in Clinical Assessment Practices with Individuals Who Have Sexually Offended
Authors: Langton Calvin M. , Worling James R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAssessment work with individuals who sexually harm others is a challenging task, requiring specialized skills ands tools. This chapter provides an overview of assessment practices with adolescents and adults who have committed sexual offences. We consider interviewing and the use of self‐report questionnaires; psychophysiological technologies, specifically phallometry, polygraphy, and measures of cognitive processing; and the assessment of risk for recidivism. We draw on large‐scale survey data collected over almost one‐quarter of a century from North American service providers to consider trends over time in these formats and methodologies, and we frame our discussion with reference to criteria underpinning evidence‐based assessment practices. Although progress has been made over the past three decades in establishing the evidence base for much of what is undertaken in applied settings, the need for more research is evident, most urgently to establish more firmly the reliability, validity, and clinical utility of current widespread practices.
Actuarial Risk Assessment of Sexual Offenders
Authors: Rettenberger Martin , Craig Leam A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The development and promulgation of the actuarial risk assessment methodology are certainly one of the most important advances in forensic and criminological psychology in the last few decades. Actuarial risk assessment instruments (ARAIs) represent highly structured risk assessment scales using combinations of empirically determined and thoroughly operationalized predictor variables. Two further core variables of ARAIs are that they use explicit methods of combining the risk factors, and that the total score is linked to an empirically derived probability figure. Based on Meehl's seminal work in 1954, it is today the most replicated result of psychological assessment research that ARAIs usually yield better predictive accuracy than alternative prognostic approaches. Furthermore, following the Risk–Need–Responsivity (RNR) model about the effectiveness of offender rehabilitation programmes proposed by Andrews and Bonta in 2006, ARAIs have to be regarded as an integral part of successful rehabilitation and treatment programmes. This chapter gives an overview of the internationally most important ARAIs for sexual offenders and the current state of research on ARAIs, and discusses the strengths, opportunities, and also potential problems in the application of ARAIs.