bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key intermediates and Cu active sites for CO2 electroreduction to ethylene and ethanol
Authors: Zhan Chao , Dattila Federico , Rettenmaier Clara , Herzog Antonia , Herran Matias , Wagner Timon , Scholten Fabian , Bergmann Arno , López Núria , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) to multi-carbon products is a promising technology to store intermittent renewable electricity into high-added-value chemicals and close the carbon cycle. Its industrial scalability requires electrocatalysts to be highly selective to certain products, such as ethylene or ethanol. However, a substantial knowledge gap prevents the design of tailor-made materials, as the properties ruling the catalyst selectivity remain elusive. Here we combined in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory on Cu electrocatalysts to unveil the reaction scheme for CO2RR to C2+ products. Ethylene generation occurs when *OC–CO(H) dimers form via CO coupling on undercoordinated Cu sites. The ethanol route opens up only in the presence of highly compressed and distorted Cu domains with deep s-band states via the crucial intermediate *OCHCH2. By identifying and tracking the critical intermediates and specific active sites, our work provides guidelines to selectively decouple ethylene and ethanol production on rationally designed catalysts.
Genetic links between ovarian ageing, cancer risk and de novo mutation rates
Authors: Stankovic Stasa , Shekari Saleh , Huang Qin Qin , Gardner Eugene J. , Ivarsdottir Erna V. , Owens Nick D. L. , Mavaddat Nasim , Azad Ajuna , Hawkes Gareth , Kentistou Katherine A. , Beaumont Robin N. , Day Felix R. , Zhao Yajie , Jonsson Hakon , Rafnar Thorunn , Tragante Vinicius , Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Oddsson Asmundur , Styrkarsdottir Unnur , Gudmundsson Julius , Stacey Simon N. , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. ,   Breast Cancer Association Consortium, Kennedy Kitale , Wood Andrew R. , Weedon Michael N. , Ong Ken K. , Wright Caroline F. , Hoffmann Eva R. , Sulem Patrick , Hurles Matthew E. , Ruth Katherine S. , Martin Hilary C. , Stefansson Kari , Perry John R. B. , Murray Anna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHuman genetic studies of common variants have provided substantial insight into the biological mechanisms that govern ovarian ageing1. Here we report analyses of rare protein-coding variants in 106,973 women from the UK Biobank study, implicating genes with effects around five times larger than previously found for common variants (ETAA1, ZNF518A, PNPLA8, PALB2 and SAMHD1). The SAMHD1 association reinforces the link between ovarian ageing and cancer susceptibility1, with damaging germline variants being associated with extended reproductive lifespan and increased all-cause cancer risk in both men and women. Protein-truncating variants in ZNF518A are associated with shorter reproductive lifespan—that is, earlier age at menopause (by 5.61 years) and later age at menarche (by 0.56 years). Finally, using 8,089 sequenced trios from the 100,000 Genomes Project (100kGP), we observe that common genetic variants associated with earlier ovarian ageing associate with an increased rate of maternally derived de novo mutations. Although we were unable to replicate the finding in independent samples from the deCODE study, it is consistent with the expected role of DNA damage response genes in maintaining the genetic integrity of germ cells. This study provides evidence of genetic links between age of menopause and cancer risk.
Self-organized tissue mechanics underlie embryonic regulation
Authors: Caldarelli Paolo , Chamolly Alexander , Villedieu Aurélien , Alegria-Prévot Olinda , Phan Carole , Gros Jerome , Corson Francis 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEarly amniote development is highly self-organized, capable of adapting to interference through local and long-range cell–cell interactions. This process, called embryonic regulation1, has been well illustrated in experiments on avian embryos, in which subdividing the epiblast disk into different parts not only redirects cell fates to eventually form a complete and well-proportioned embryo at its original location, but also leads to the self-organization of additional, fully formed embryos2,3 in the other separated parts. The cellular interactions underlying embryonic self-organization are widely believed to be mediated by molecular signals, yet the identity of such signals is unclear. Here, by analysing intact and mechanically perturbed quail embryos, we show that the mechanical forces that drive embryogenesis self-organize, with contractility locally self-activating and the ensuing tension acting as a long-range inhibitor. This mechanical feedback governs the persistent pattern of tissue flows that shape the embryo4–6 and also steers the concomitant emergence of embryonic territories by modulating gene expression, ensuring the formation of a single embryo under normal conditions, yet allowing the emergence of multiple, well-proportioned embryos after perturbations. Thus, mechanical forces act at the core of embryonic self-organization, shaping both tissues and gene expression to robustly yet plastically canalize early development.
Disease prediction with multi-omics and biomarkers empowers case–control genetic discoveries in the UK Biobank
Authors: Garg Manik , Karpinski Marcin , Matelska Dorota , Middleton Lawrence , Burren Oliver S. , Hu Fengyuan , Wheeler Eleanor , Smith Katherine R. , Fabre Margarete A. , Mitchell Jonathan , O’Neill Amanda , Ashley Euan A. , Harper Andrew R. , Wang Quanli , Dhindsa Ryan S. , Petrovski Slavé , Vitsios Dimitrios 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe emergence of biobank-level datasets offers new opportunities to discover novel biomarkers and develop predictive algorithms for human disease. Here, we present an ensemble machine-learning framework (machine learning with phenotype associations, MILTON) utilizing a range of biomarkers to predict 3,213 diseases in the UK Biobank. Leveraging the UK Biobank’s longitudinal health record data, MILTON predicts incident disease cases undiagnosed at time of recruitment, largely outperforming available polygenic risk scores. We further demonstrate the utility of MILTON in augmenting genetic association analyses in a phenome-wide association study of 484,230 genome-sequenced samples, along with 46,327 samples with matched plasma proteomics data. This resulted in improved signals for 88 known (P < 1 × 10−8) gene–disease relationships alongside 182 gene–disease relationships that did not achieve genome-wide significance in the nonaugmented baseline cohorts. We validated these discoveries in the FinnGen biobank alongside two orthogonal machine-learning methods built for gene–disease prioritization. All extracted gene–disease associations and incident disease predictive biomarkers are publicly available (http://milton.public.cgr.astrazeneca.com).
Deep learning revealed statistics of the MgO particles dissolution rate in a CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO slag
Authors: Chamasemani Fereshteh Falah , Lenzhofer Florian , Brunner Roland 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccelerated material development for refractory ceramics triggers possibilities in context to enhanced energy efficiency for industrial processes. Here, the gathering of comprehensive material data is essential. High temperature-confocal laser scanning microscopy (HT-CLSM) displays a highly suitable in-situ method to study the underlying dissolution kinetics in the slag over time. A major drawback concerns the efficient and accurate processing of the collected image data. Here, we introduce an attention encoder–decoder convolutional neural network enabling the fully automated evaluation of the particle dissolution rate with a precision of 99.1%. The presented approach provides accurate and efficient analysis capabilities with high statistical gain and is highly resilient to image quality changes. The prediction model allows an automated diameter evaluation of the MgO particles' dissolution in the silicate slag for different temperature settings and various HT-CLSM data sets. Moreover, it is not limited to HT-CLSM image data and can be applied to various domains.
Phyto-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Bauhinia variegata buds extract and evaluation of their multi-faceted biological potentials
Authors: Arafat Sehrish , Iqbal Javed , Abbasi Banzeer Ahsan , Ijaz Shumaila , Yaseen Tabassum , Murtaza Ghulam , Ullah Rafi , Zarshan Farishta , Ullah Zakir , Sahito Zulfiqar Ali , Almutairi Saeedah Musaed , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Aghayeva Saltanat , Rizwan Muhammad , Iqbal Rashid 
Published: September 2024

AbstractZinc oxide nanoparticles have wide range biological, biomedical and environmental applications. However, traditional nanofabrication of ZnONPs uses various toxic chemicals and organic solvents which limit their bio-applications. To overcome this hurdle, Bauhinia variegata derived buds extract was utilized to fabricate ZnONPs. The greenly generated ZnONPs were successfully prepared and extensively characterized using different analytical tools and the average crystalline size was calculated as 25.47 nm. Further, bioengineered ZnONPs were explored for multiple biological activities that revealed excellent therapeutic potentials. The antibacterial potential was determined using different bacterial strains. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC: 137.5 µg/mL) was reported to be the most resistant variant while Bacillus subtilis (MIC: 34.38 µg/mL) was observed to be most susceptible bacterial strain. DPPH radical scavenging potential was measured to determine the antioxidant capacity of ZnONPs and the highest scavenging potential was observed as 82% at highest of 300 µg/mL. The fungicidal effect of green ZnONPs in comparison with Amphotericin B was assessed against five selected pathogenic fungal strains. The results revealed, Fusarium solani (MIC: 46.875 µg/mL) was least resistant and Aspergillus flavus (MIC: 187.5 µg/mL) was most resistant in fungicidal examination. Cytotoxicity potential of B.V@ZnONPs was analyzed against newly hatched nauplii of brine shrimps. The results for greenly produced ZnONPs was recorded as 39.78 µg/mL while 3.006 µg/mL was reported for positive control vincristine sulphate. The results confirmed the category of general cytotoxic for greenly synthesized nano sized B.V@ZnONPs.
TNFSF14+ natural killer cells prevent spontaneous abortion by restricting leucine-mediated decidual stromal cell senescence
Authors: Shi Jia-Wei , Lai Zhen-Zhen , Zhou Wen-Jie , Yang Hui-Li , Zhang Tao , Sun Jian-Song , Zhao Jian-Yuan , Li Ming-Qing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn preparation for a potential pregnancy, the endometrium of the uterus changes into a temporary structure called the decidua. Senescent decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are enriched in the decidua during decidualization, but the underlying mechanisms of this process remain unclear. Here, we performed single-cell RNA transcriptomics on ESCs and DSCs and found that cell senescence during decidualization is accompanied by increased levels of the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) transporter SLC3A2. Depletion of leucine, one of the branched-chain amino acids, from cultured media decreased senescence, while high leucine diet resulted in increased senescence and high rates of embryo loss in mice. BCAAs induced senescence in DSCs via the p38 MAPK pathway. In contrast, TNFSF14+ decidual natural killer (dNK) cells were found to inhibit DSC senescence by interacting with its ligand TNFRSF14. As in mice fed high-leucine diets, both mice with NK cell depletion and Tnfrsf14-deficient mice with excessive uterine senescence experienced adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further, we found excessive uterine senescence, SLC3A2-mediated BCAA intake, and insufficient TNFRSF14 expression in the decidua of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. In summary, this study suggests that dNK cells maintain senescence homeostasis of DSCs via TNFSF14/TNFRSF14, providing a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent DSC senescence-associated spontaneous abortion.
Trained immunity of intestinal tuft cells during infancy enhances host defense against enteroviral infections in mice
Authors: Chen Deyan , Wu Jing , Zhang Fang , Lyu Ruining , You Qiao , Qian Yajie , Cai Yurong , Tian Xiaoyan , Tao Hongji , He Yating , Nawaz Waqas , Wu Zhiwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInnate immune cells have been acknowledged as trainable in recent years. While intestinal tuft cells are recognized for their crucial roles in the host defense against intestinal pathogens, there remains uncertainty regarding their trainability. Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a prevalent enterovirus that primarily infects children but rarely infects adults. At present, there is a significant expansion of intestinal tuft cells in the EV71-infected mouse model, which is associated with EV71-induced interleukin-25 (IL-25) production. Further, we found that IL-25 pre-treatment at 2 weeks old mouse enabled tuft cells to acquire immune memory. This was evidenced by the rapid expansion and stronger response of IL-25-trained tuft cells in response to EV71 infection at 6 weeks old, surpassing the reactivity of naïve tuft cells in mice without IL-25-trained progress. Interestingly, IL-25-trained intestinal tuft cells exhibit anti-enteroviral effect via producing a higher level of IL-25. Mechanically, IL-25 treatment upregulates spermidine/spermine acetyl-transferase enzyme (SAT1) expression, mediates intracellular polyamine deficiency, further inhibits enterovirus replication. In summary, tuft cells can be trained by IL-25, which supports faster and higher level IL-25 production in response to EV71 infection and further exhibits anti-enteroviral effect via SAT1-mediated intracellular polyamine deficiency. Given that IL-25 can be induced by multiple gut microbes during human growth and development, including shifts in gut flora abundance, which may partially explain the different susceptibility to enteroviral infections between adults and children.
High performance NIR-I to NIR-II emission of a Cr3+-doped Cs2NaLuCl6 phosphor with an IQE and EQE of up to 92.9% and 60.75%
Authors: Zhu Fengmei , Gao Yuan , Qiu Jianbei 
Published: September 2024

We developed a Cr3+-doped Cs2NaLuCl6 by a grinding–sintering method, which exhibited emission peaked at around 960 nm, with a FWHM of ∼182 nm, and the IQE and EQE of the optimized phosphor were as high as ∼92.9% and ∼60.75%, respectively.
Variability in Vowel Space in Parkinson's Disease: Associations With Cognitive and Motor Impairment
Authors: DeSilva Ginige S. , Upadhyay Prashasti , Manxhari Michelle , Gopal Daksha , Smith Kara M. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
People with Parkinson's disease (PwP) typically experience impairments in vowel articulation; however, less is known about how this measure varies with speech task type and clinical characteristics such as cognitive impairment. We characterized vowel space in PwP with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) comparing performance across phonation, reading, and picture description tasks. We evaluated associations between vowel space and cognitive impairment, as well as motor symptom severity to elucidate the factors contributing to variability in this acoustic measure.

Method:

PwP (
n
= 48) and age-matched controls (
n
= 15) performed sustained phonation of corner vowels, a reading passage, and a picture description task (Cookie Theft picture). PwP participants were classified as with normal cognition (PD-NC) or MCI (PD-MCI), and motor symptoms were assessed using the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkingson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS Part III). Vowel articulation index (VAI) for each task and mean difference in VAI between tasks was compared between the groups using linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, and education. The impact of motor severity was assessed by additionally adjusting the model for MDS-UPDRS Part III score.

Results:
In the adjusted mixed model, mean VAI was significantly lower in the PD-MCI group compared to the PD-NC group for all tasks. Within participants, adjusted mean differences demonstrated that all groups declined in VAI when sustained phonation was compared to either reading or picture description tasks. Adjustment for MDS-UPDRS Part III did not alter the results, suggesting no major association of motor impairment with vowel space variability within or between individuals or groups.

Conclusions:
Variability in vowel space is impacted by cognitive impairment and speech task in PwP. These findings are relevant to the further development of speech markers in PwP and other neurogenerative diseases that impact both cognitive and motor functions.
Temporal Coordination of Articulatory Gestures in Nonnative Onset Clusters: Evidence From American English Speakers Using Electromagnetic Articulography
Authors: Cheng Hung-Shao , Masapollo Matthew , Hagedorn Christina , Buchwald Adam 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Research in cross-language speech production indicates that, although the production of nonnative consonant clusters is often difficult, speakers of American English can produce some nonnative clusters (e.g., /fn/) with high accuracy. This ease of production for select nonnative clusters may occur due to similarity of phonetic structure with native clusters (e.g., nonnative /fn/ and native /sm/ are both fricative-nasal sequences). The current study tested this hypothesis by examining the extent of transfer of articulatory coordination from phonetically similar native onset clusters (i.e., /fl/, /sm/) to nonnative /fn/ clusters.

Method:
Using electromagnetic articulography, lip, tongue, and jaw movements were recorded in nine participants during the production of 22 nonwords (eight tokens per nonword) containing the native and nonnative clusters in different carrier phrases. We examined the temporal lags between each consonantal gesture in a cluster and the flanking vowel gesture, which were compared to the matched singleton conditions.

Results:

Analyses revealed that, as in native speech, when the syllable onset became more complex (i.e., CV ➔ CCV [C as consonant, V as vowel]), there was an increase in lag (less temporal overlap) between the leftmost consonantal gesture and the vocalic gesture, whereas there was a decrease in lag (more temporal overlap) between the rightmost consonant and the vocalic gesture (i.e.,
C-center timing
). However, the segmental makeup of the cluster and type of carrier phrase used were also found to influence this change in temporal organization, raising new questions for future research.

Conclusions:
By and large, the findings are in agreement with the idea that the temporal coordination of articulator movements may be transferred from native clusters to phonetically similar nonnative clusters. However, kinematic measures of a broader range of nonnative clusters in different contexts are needed to fully explore this position.
Acoustic and Kinematic Predictors of Intelligibility and Articulatory Precision in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Thompson Austin , Kim Yunjung 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
This study investigated relationships within and between perceptual, acoustic, and kinematic measures in speakers with and without dysarthria due to Parkinson's disease (PD) across different clarity conditions. Additionally, the study assessed the predictive capabilities of selected acoustic and kinematic measures for intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings.

Method:
Forty participants, comprising 22 with PD and 18 controls, read three phrases aloud using conversational, less clear, and more clear speaking conditions. Acoustic measures and their theoretical kinematic parallel measures (i.e., acoustic and kinematic distance and vowel space area [VSA]; second formant frequency [F2] slope and kinematic speed) were obtained from the diphthong /aɪ/ and selected vowels in the sentences. A total of 368 listeners from crowdsourcing provided ratings for intelligibility and articulatory precision. The research questions were examined using correlations and linear mixed-effects models.

Results:
Intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings were highly correlated across all speakers. Acoustic and kinematic distance, as well as F2 slope and kinematic speed, showed moderately positive correlations. In contrast, acoustic and kinematic VSA exhibited no correlation. Among all measures, acoustic VSA and kinematic distance were robust predictors of both intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings, but they were stronger predictors of articulatory precision.

Conclusions:
The findings highlight the importance of measurement selection when examining cross-domain relationships. Additionally, they support the use of behavioral modifications aimed at eliciting larger articulatory gestures to improve intelligibility in individuals with dysarthria due to PD.

Open Science Form:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27011281
A Qualitative Inquiry of Practice and Training in Feeding Infants With Orofacial Clefting: Insight From Four Expert Providers
Authors: Kotlarek Katelyn J. , Bush Erin J. , Zarzycka Aleksandra 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Feeding infants with cleft lip/palate is a specialty area that crosses disciplinary lines. Due to the low incidence of this condition, information regarding feeding infants with orofacial clefting is often not taught in training programs, potentially leading to variations in practice. The purpose of this study was to explore the current practice and training patterns of health care professionals with regard to feeding infants with cleft lip/palate.

Method:
In accordance with Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies guidelines, qualitative, semistructured interviews were conducted via videoconference with four expert feeding providers serving individuals with craniofacial differences. Descriptive thematic analysis informed researchers' understanding through scrutiny of each case and a search for cross-case similarities. Final coding of all transcripts was completed, and coding disagreements were resolved through discussion and refining of theme descriptions.

Results:
Despite similar expertise and experience within craniofacial care, analysis revealed both similarities and differences in feeding practices, training, and perceived issues in cleft lip/palate care among providers. The final qualitative data analysis revealed the following four emergent themes: Informal Education and Training, Multidisciplinary Practice Issues (subtheme: Postoperative Instructions), Clinical Decision Making, and Recommendations (three subthemes: Components of a Feeding Consultation, Educational Issues, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care).

Conclusions:
Practice patterns and training vary widely despite similar levels of expertise. Mechanisms for formal training are needed in this area.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26863651