bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Novel Pathogenic Germline KDR Variant in Melanoma
Authors: Silva Ines P. , Salhi Amel , Giles Keith M. , Vogelsang Matjaz , Han Sung W. , Ismaili Naima , Lui Kevin P. , Robinson Eric M. , Wilson Melissa A. , Shapiro Richard L. , Pavlick Anna , Zhong Judy , Kirchhoff Tomas , Osman Iman 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Purpose: The application of pan-cancer next-generation sequencing panels in the clinical setting has facilitated the identification of low frequency somatic mutations and the testing of new therapies in solid tumors using the "basket trial" scheme. However, little consideration has been given to the relevance of nonsynonymous germline variants, which are likely to be uncovered in tumors and germline and which may be relevant to prognostication and prediction of treatment response.
Experimental Design: We analyzed matched tumor and normal DNA from 34 melanoma patients using an Ion Torrent cancer-associated gene panel. We elected to study the germline variant Q472H in the kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), which was identified in 35% of melanoma patients in both a pilot and an independent 1,223 patient cohort. Using patient-derived melanoma cell lines and human samples, we assessed proliferation, invasion, VEGF levels, and angiogenesis by analyzing tumor microvessel density (MVD) using anti-CD34 antibody.
Results: Serum VEGF levels and tumor MVD were significantly higher in Q472H versus KDR wild-type (WD) patients. Primary cultures derived from melanomas harboring the KDR variant were more proliferative and invasive than KDR wild type. Finally, using a VEGFR2 antibody, we showed that KDR Q472H cells were sensitive to targeted inhibition of VEGFR2, an effect that was not observed in KDR WT cells.
Conclusions: Our data support the integration of germline analysis into personalized treatment decision-making and suggest that patients with germline KDR variant might benefit from antiangiogenesis treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2377–85. ©2015 AACR.
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Induce a Collagen Cross-link Switch in Tumor Stroma
Authors: Pankova Daniela , Chen Yulong , Terajima Masahiko , Schliekelman Mark J. , Baird Brandi N. , Fahrenholtz Monica , Sun Li , Gill Bartley J. , Vadakkan Tegy J. , Kim Min P. , Ahn Young-Ho , Roybal Jonathon D. , Liu Xin , Parra Cuentas Edwin Roger , Rodriguez Jaime , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Creighton Chad J. , Gibbons Don L. , Hicks John M. , Dickinson Mary E. , West Jennifer L. , Grande-Allen K. Jane , Hanash Samir M. , Yamauchi Mitsuo , Kurie Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Intratumoral collagen cross-links heighten stromal stiffness and stimulate tumor cell invasion, but it is unclear how collagen cross-linking is regulated in epithelial tumors. To address this question, we used KrasLA1 mice, which develop lung adenocarcinomas from somatic activation of a KrasG12D allele. The lung tumors in KrasLA1 mice were highly fibrotic and contained cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) that produced collagen and generated stiffness in collagen gels. In xenograft tumors generated by injection of wild-type mice with lung adenocarcinoma cells alone or in combination with CAFs, the total concentration of collagen cross-links was the same in tumors generated with or without CAFs, but coinjected tumors had higher hydroxylysine aldehyde–derived collagen cross-links (HLCC) and lower lysine-aldehyde–derived collagen cross-links (LCCs). Therefore, we postulated that an LCC-to-HLCC switch induced by CAFs promotes the migratory and invasive properties of lung adenocarcinoma cells. To test this hypothesis, we created coculture models in which CAFs are positioned interstitially or peripherally in tumor cell aggregates, mimicking distinct spatial orientations of CAFs in human lung cancer. In both contexts, CAFs enhanced the invasive properties of tumor cells in three-dimensional (3D) collagen gels. Tumor cell aggregates that attached to CAF networks on a Matrigel surface dissociated and migrated on the networks. Lysyl hydroxylase 2 (PLOD2/LH2), which drives HLCC formation, was expressed in CAFs, and LH2 depletion abrogated the ability of CAFs to promote tumor cell invasion and migration.
Implications: CAFs induce a collagen cross-link switch in tumor stroma to influence the invasive properties of tumor cells. Mol Cancer Res; 14(3); 287–95. ©2015 AACR.
Effects of dabigatran on the cellular and protein phase of coagulation in patients with coronary artery disease on dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel
Authors: Franchi Francesco , Rollini Fabiana , Cho Jung Rae , King Rhodri , Phoenix Fladia , Bhatti Mona , DeGroat Christopher , Tello-Montoliu Antonio , Zenni Martin M. , Guzman Luis A. , Bass Theodore A. , Ajjan Ramzi A. , Angiolillo Dominick J. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThere is growing interest in understanding the effects of adding an oral anticoagulant in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and clopidogrel represent the most broadly utilised oral anticoagulant and P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, respectively. However, VKAs can interfere with clopidogrel metabolism via the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system which in turn may result in an increase in platelet reactivity. Dabigatran is a direct acting (anti-II) oral anticoagulant which does not interfere with CYP and has favourable safety and efficacy profiles compared with VKAs. The pharmacodynamic (PD) effects on platelet reactivity and clot kinetic of adjunctive dabigatran therapy in patients on DAPT are poorly explored. In this prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled PD study, patients (n=30) on maintenance DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel were randomised to either dabigatran 150 mg bid or placebo for seven days. PD testing was performed before and after treatment using four different assays exploring multiple pathways of platelet aggregation and fibrin clot kinetics: light transmittance aggregometry (LTA), multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA), kaolin-activated thromboelastography (TEG) and turbidimetric assays. There were no differences in multiple measures of platelet reactivity investigating purinergic and non-purinergic signaling pathways assessed by LTA, MEA and TEG platelet mapping. Dabigatran significantly increased parameters related to thrombin activity and thrombus generation, and delayed fibrin clot formation, without affecting clot structure or fibrinolysis. In conclusion, in patients on DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel, adjunctive dabigatran therapy is not associated with modulation of profiles of platelet reactivity as determined by several assays assessing multiple platelet signalling pathways. However, dabigatran significantly interferes with parameters related to thrombin activity and delays fibrin clot formation.
Engendering the Mercantile Lineage: The Rise of the Female Chastity Cult in Late Ming Huizhou
Authors: Guo Qitao 
Published: December 2015

This article argues that one important underlying factor in the formation of the female chastity cult in sixteenth-century Huizhou was its small-family/large-lineage structure, which was brought about by rapid commercialization. As the majority of Huizhou young men left home for business, often immediately after marriage, the age at which couples had their first child was relatively high. This demographic trend combined with the moderate average life span made the small nuclear family the norm, even as the natural increase in population augmented the size of the kinship settlement. Situated in single-couple nuclear households, wives of sojourning men tended to be relatively free from parental in-law monitoring of their sexuality. An effective way to assure the fidelity of these abandoned women was to appeal to the larger lineage. Sojourning merchants eagerly worked with home elders to enhance mercantile lineage culture, including control over women’s sexuality.
A new species of the genus Adapterops (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) from northern Madagascar, with a catalogue and key to species
Authors: TRÝZNA MILOŠ , BAŇAŘ Petr 
Published: December 2015

A new species, Adapterops cedrici Trýzna & Baňař sp. nov. (Anthribidae: Choraginae: Araecerini), from northern Madagascar is described and illustrated. A key and catalogue of the genus Adapterops Frieser, 2010 is given.
Use of power of attorney in Scotland
Authors: Routh Rajdeep , Mcneill Catriona , Jackson Graham A 
Published: December 2015

Background and aims Power of Attorney as a form of surrogate decision making was introduced within the Adults with Incapacity, Scotland Act (2000) to help individuals who lack mental capacity due to illnesses like dementia. Even after a decade, little was known if it has been useful. We sought to find out how useful the power of attorney document has been so far in supporting people when they lose their capacity and identify any barriers. Methods and results We did a survey and approached a random sample of 5000 attorneys in Scotland. A total of 1226 attorneys responded; 59% of the respondents had never used their powers but still considered it useful for ‘peace of mind’. For the majority, the costs of arranging a power of attorney ranged in between £150 and £300. Conclusions The study confirms that power of attorney is useful to safeguard interests of people when they lose capacity. Costs remain a big barrier. Further studies are required to understand the long-term impact of providing financial support to arrange a power of attorney at an early stage on reducing delayed discharges in hospitals.
The Vicious Cycle
Authors: Svider Peter F. , Chen Michael , Burchhardt Daniela , O’Brien Priyanka S. , Shkoukani Mahdi A. , Zuliani Giancarlo F. , Folbe Adam J. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesAlthough prevention of head injuries through helmet use is widespread, there has been a paucity of inquiry and publicity regarding the potential for facial injury stemming from cycling. Our objectives included estimating the incidence of emergency department (ED) visits for bicycle‐related facial trauma among the pediatric population and detailing injury patterns.Study Design and SettingAnalysis of a nationwide database.MethodsThe National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, offered by the Consumer Product Safety Commission, was accessed for ED visits related to bicycle‐related facial trauma among individuals 21 years old and younger. These data were used to estimate national incidence and examine patient demographics and injury characteristics.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2014, there were 5420 entries extrapolating to an estimated 178,457 ED visits for pediatric bicycle‐related facial trauma. Median age was 8 years, and 71.9% of patients were male. Lacerations (63.1%), abrasions/contusions (27%), and fractures (7%) were most common, with fractures dramatically increasing in prevalence with age. Nasal fractures were the most common fracture type. Injury patterns varied by age.ConclusionBicycle‐related facial trauma is prevalent among the pediatric population, with nearly 180,000 visits to EDs between 2010 and 2014. Soft tissue injuries predominated among all age groups, although fractures increased significantly with age. Knowledge of injury patterns described may be a useful adjunct assisting history, examination, and decision making regarding the use of medical imaging. There is a clear void in inquiry regarding the use of facial protection, reinforcing the need for further study into prevention and efforts to raise public awareness among youth.
Gadofosveset-enhanced magnetic resonance venography in patients with venous pathology of the lower limbs – Comparison of diagnostic image quality and inter-rater variability with gadobutrol venography and computed tomography venography
Authors: Åkesson Michael , Lehti Leena , Höglund Peter , Åkeson Per , Wassélius Johan 
Published: December 2015

Purpose This study was performed to compare the diagnostic quality of Gadofosveset-enhanced magnetic resonance venography with Gadobutrol-enhanced magnetic resonance venography and computed tomography venography for the deep veins of the lower extremities in patients with iliocaval venous pathology. Materials and methods Diagnostic capability and image quality were assessed by two independent readers. Inter-reader variability was analyzed by unweighted and quadratic weighted Cohen’s kappa values. Results The diagnostic capability was equal to or higher in the Gadofosveset group for all examined vessel segments compared with both control groups. The image quality score was significantly higher for the Gadofosveset group compared to both control groups. Inter-reader variability expressed by quadratic weighted Cohen’s kappa value (k) showed less variability in the Gadofosveset group compared to the control groups. Conclusion Our results show that Gadofosveset-enhanced magnetic resonance venography is a reliable technique in clinical routine practice, with image quality superior to both Gadobutrol-enhanced magnetic resonance venography and computed tomography venography.
A longitudinal study of health outcomes for people released from prison in Fiji: the HIP-Fiji project
Authors: Kinner Stuart A , Winter Rebecca , Saxton Kate 
Published: December 2015

Objective: To examine the health of prisoners and ex-prisoners in Fiji, including risk behaviours, service access and HIV status. Methods: Longitudinal study of 198 men and women recruited prior to release from prison in Fiji, interviewed in the weeks preceding release, and again 1 and 4 months post-release. Dried blood spot samples taken at baseline were tested for HIV. Results: Eighty percent of participants completed at least one follow-up interview. The prevalence of HIV was low (1%), despite evidence of widespread STI and BBV risk behaviours. A history of risky substance use was normative and more than a third reported high psychological distress prior to release. Fewer than one in four reported accessing health care within a month of release from prison. Conclusions: The health needs of this population are significant but differ in important ways from those of incarcerated populations in other countries. Further research is needed to inform evidence-based care for prisoners and ex-prisoners in Pacific Island nations.
Conversations between anthropology and psychiatry: drawing out the best from interdisciplinarity in global mental health
Authors: Rosso Buckton Amanda 
Published: December 2015

Objectives: Conversations between anthropologists and psychiatrists have led to new theoretical trajectories, research agendas and clinical practices as social scientists and medical practitioners forged new understandings about the interaction of culture, personhood and illness. However, the demands of global mental health, coupled with health service provision requirements, mean that mental health interventions set up with the best intentions can fail to take into account the knowledge and expertise that social sciences can contribute to a programme’s success. In this paper, I reflect on conversations between an anthropologist and mental health professionals in direct reference to data analysis of an AusAID mental health capacity-building programme undertaken in the Pacific region. Conclusions: Social and cultural perspectives embedded within programmes can provide richer, more contextualised interventions. In drawing on the combined expertise of anthropology and psychiatry, new taken-for-granted reference points embedding cultural approaches form the basis for delivery of global mental health programmes. These perspectives include: Locating mental health programmes within development critiques Situating the subjects of development within contextualised settings, acknowledging and respecting local knowledge, understandings and practices A focus on interdisciplinarity as the basis for future practice in global mental health projects.
Rich Country, Poor People: the challenges of providing psychiatric services in the public and the private sectors in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Muga Florence 
Published: December 2015

Objective: To describe some of the challenges in the provision of psychiatric services in Papua New Guinea. Conclusion: Many of the challenges faced when providing mental health care are not clinical in nature, but rather a combination of social, cultural, economic and infrastructural factors that hinder the adequate provision of, and access to, psychiatric services in Papua New Guinea.
Capacity building for Pacific Island countries: the challenges and benefits of developing a postgraduate clinical training programme
Authors: Chang Odille A , Allen Myrielle M , Pandit Balram 
Published: December 2015

Objectives: To describe the development of a postgraduate clinical training programme in mental health for the Pacific region by the Fiji National University (FNU), the challenges and benefits. Conclusions: The establishment of FNU’s one-year full-time postgraduate diploma in mental health (PGDMH) has resulted in graduates across the Pacific in all three main regions of Oceania trained as frontline practitioners in mental health. Most of the graduates hold key mental health positions in their respective countries. The PGDMH provides culturally relevant and sensitive training in settings and with resources similar to the graduates’ homelands. Challenges relate mainly to the sustainability of the programme, selection of candidates, addressing the needs of stakeholders and teaching in an evolving, under-resourced mental health service. The ongoing challenge continues to be the maintenance of a symbiotic co-existence that results in mutual benefits for both the University and stakeholders without jeopardizing the integrity of the programme or the independence of the University.
Burden of mental and substance use disorders in Indigenous Australians and Oceania
Authors: Charlson Fiona J , Erskine Holly E 
Published: December 2015

Objective: Mental and substance use disorders are responsible for significant health loss across the globe. In this review, the burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders in Indigenous Australians and Pacific Island countries was described and compared. Methods: For Indigenous Australians, findings from the burden of disease and injury study by Begg and colleagues1 were summarised. These were then compared to the findings of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010,2 which reported results for Oceania, a region consisting of Pacific Island countries. Results for mental and substance use disorder burden were described in terms of disability-adjusted life years, years lived with disability and years of life lost to due to premature mortality. Results: Mental and substance use disorders were the leading cause of non-fatal burden (i.e. disability) in both Indigenous Australia and Oceania. Furthermore, in Oceania mental and substance use disorders are projected to cause more disability than all communicable diseases combined by 2050. Conclusion Mental and substance use disorders contribute significantly to health loss for both Indigenous Australians and Pacific Island populations. These findings indicate a substantial need to prioritise these disorders in terms of policy, services and research.
Mental health issues from rising sea level in a remote coastal region of the Solomon Islands: current and future
Authors: Asugeni James , MacLaren David , Massey Peter D , Speare Rick 
Published: December 2015

Objective: There is little published research about mental health and climate change in the Pacific, including Solomon Islands. Solomon Islands has one of the highest rates of sea-level rise globally. The aim of this research was to document mental health issues related to sea-level rise for people in East Malaita, Solomon Islands. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in six low-lying villages in East Malaita, Solomon Islands. The researcher travelled to villages by dugout canoe. In addition to quantitative, closed-ended questions, open-ended questions with villagers explored individual and community responses to rising sea level. Results: Of 60 people asked, 57 completed the questionnaire. Of these, 90% reported having seen a change in the weather patterns. Nearly all participants reported that sea-level rise is affecting them and their family and is causing fear and worry on a personal and community level. Four themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: experience of physical impacts of climate change; worry about the future; adaptation to climate change; government response needed. Conclusion: Given predictions of ongoing sea-level rise in the Pacific it is essential that more research is conducted to further understand the human impact of climate change for small island states which will inform local, provincial and national-level mental health responses.
Mental health in the island nations of the Western Pacific: a rapid review of the literature
Authors: Hunter Ernest , Thusanth Sneha , McCalman Janya , Gopalkrishnan Narayan 
Published: December 2015

Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify mental-health-relevant literature accessible to policy makers and healthcare workers in the island nations of the Western Pacific. Methods: Material collated to support the inaugural Leadership in Mental Health: Island Nations course held in Cairns in May 2015 was used as the basis of a “rapid review”. Results: The rapid review considered 303 documents identified by a search carried out using James Cook University’s OneSearch, Google Scholar, and the authors’ knowledge. Search terms included mental health and the like, and terms with Pacific and current Pacific island country names. Findings were classified by region/country, year of release/publication, mental health issue addressed, peer-reviewed or grey literature, and type of study. Almost half of the findings had been released in the previous five years. However, only 36% were peer-reviewed publications and only 3.6% of the findings were intervention studies. Conclusions: There is limited easily accessible documentation to confidently direct practice or policies regarding which strategies are likely to be effective in responding to the high rates of mental ill-health experienced in the Pacific island nations, or to plan for increases as a consequence of rapid social and demographic changes that are transforming Pacific island societies.
Thyroid function testing in an inpatient mental health unit
Authors: Garnier Kelly-Anne , Ismail Khairul A , Moylan Steven , Harvey Richard 
Published: December 2015

Objective: Thyroid function tests are a common screening investigation for patients admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit. Method: This study aimed to retrospectively assess the clinical utility of routine thyroid function testing performed on newly admitted psychiatric patients over a 4-year period in Victoria, Australia via chart review of all abnormal results identified. Results: Our retrospective audit revealed only two cases where identification of thyroid dysfunction informed patient management. In each case, the patient had a known history of thyroid disease. In this audit period, 893 patients required screening to yield one clinically relevant abnormal result, costing AU$24,975.57. Conclusion: Such low clinical utility does not support routine admission thyroid function tests for psychiatric inpatients. We conclude that thyroid function tests should only be performed where the history and clinical signs suggest a likely contribution of thyroid dysfunction to the psychiatric presentation.