bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of crop yield sensitivity to ozone between open‐top chamber and free‐air experiments
Authors: Feng Zhaozhong , Uddling Johan , Tang Haoye , Zhu Jianguo , Kobayashi Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAssessments of the impacts of ozone (O3) on regional and global food production are currently based on results from experiments using open‐top chambers (OTCs). However, there are concerns that these impact estimates might be biased due to the environmental artifacts imposed by this enclosure system. In this study, we collated O3 exposure and yield data for three major crop species—wheat, rice, and soybean—for which O3 experiments have been conducted with OTCs as well as the ecologically more realistic free‐air O3 elevation (O3‐FACE) exposure system; both within the same cultivation region and country. For all three crops, we found that the sensitivity of crop yield to the O3 metric AOT40 (accumulated hourly O3 exposure above a cut‐off threshold concentration of 40 ppb) significantly differed between OTC and O3‐FACE experiments. In wheat and rice, O3 sensitivity was higher in O3‐FACE than OTC experiments, while the opposite was the case for soybean. In all three crops, these differences could be linked to factors influencing stomatal conductance (manipulation of water inputs, passive chamber warming, and cultivar differences in gas exchange). Our study thus highlights the importance of accounting for factors that control stomatal O3 flux when applying experimental data to assess O3 impacts on crops at large spatial scales.
Depressive symptoms and all‐cause mortality in Korean older adults: A 3‐year population‐based prospective study
Authors: Park Soo Hyun , Kim Donghyun , Cho Jinkyung , Jin Youngyun , Lee Inhwan , Lee Kangjun , Kang Hyunsik 
Published: February 2018

AimTo examine the association between depressive symptoms and all‐cause mortality in a population‐based prospective study.MethodsData from the 2008 baseline and 2011 follow‐up assessments of the Living Profiles of Older People Survey involving 14 976 Korean adults aged ≥60 years (59% women) were used. Depressive symptoms were defined as a score of ≥8 on the self‐administered Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale.ResultsDuring the 3‐year follow‐up period, 873 deaths from all causes (372 women) occurred. The Cox proportional regression analyses showed that older men (hazard ratio 2.19, 95% confidence interval 1.83–2.62, P < 0.001) and women (hazard ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval 1.25–1.89, P < 0.001) with baseline depressive symptoms were at significantly increased risk of all‐cause mortality independent of age, as compared with older men (hazard ratio 1) and women (hazard ratio 1) without baseline depressive symptoms, respectively. When additionally controlled for body mass index, socioeconomic status, health behaviors and health conditions, however, the risk of baseline depressive symptoms for all‐cause mortality still remained significant in men only (hazard ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.80, P = 0.008), but not in women only (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.98–1.66, P = 0.086).ConclusionsThe current findings suggest that the prognostic importance of depressive symptoms for all‐cause mortality might be sex‐specific in Korean older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 950–956
Mucosal‐associated invariant T cell receptor recognition of small molecules presented by MR1
Authors: Awad Wael , Le Nours Jérôme , Kjer‐Nielsen Lars , McCluskey James , Rossjohn Jamie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class‐I related molecule MR1 is a monomorphic and evolutionary conserved antigen (Ag)‐presenting molecule that shares the overall architecture of MHC‐I and CD1 proteins. However, in contrast to MHC‐I and the CD1 family that present peptides and lipids, respectively, MR1 specifically presents small organic molecules. During microbial infection of mammalian cells, MR1 captures and presents vitamin B precursors, derived from the microbial biosynthesis of riboflavin, on the surface of antigen‐presenting cells. These MR1‐Ag complexes are recognized by the mucosal‐associated invariant T cell receptor (MAIT TCR), which subsequently leads to MAIT cell activation. Recently, MR1 was shown to trap chemical scaffolds including drug and drug‐like molecules. Here, we review this metabolite Ag‐presenting molecule and further define the key molecular interactions underlying the recognition and reactivity of MAIT TCRs to MR1 in an Ag‐dependent manner.
Synthesis of molybdenum nitrides nanosheets by nitriding 2H‐MoS2 with ammonia
Authors: Sun Guo‐Dong , Zhang Guo‐Hua , Chou Kuo‐Chih 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMetal nitrides nanosheets possess remarkable physical and chemical properties such as high electrical conductivities, catalytic properties, energy storage, and conversion efficiency. In this paper, molybdenum nitride (Mo5N6, MoN, and Mo2N) nanosheets were synthesized by nitriding and exfoliating the bulk 2H‐MoS2 via dropping N from ammonia at high temperature. Molybdenum nitride nanosheets with the thickness of dozens of nanometers were prepared successfully under different conditions. It was found that the reaction between MoS2 and NH3 began from about 696°C, and reduction products and reaction mechanisms were strongly dependent on the temperature. When there was MoS2, the generated Mo5N6, MoN, and Mo2N can exist stably at even 820, 1020, and 1120°C, respectively. However, they will decompose progressively after MoS2 was consumed completely: at 820°C, Mo5N6 started to decompose to δ‐MoN; at 1020°C, the phase evolution process of MoN can be described as follows: δ‐MoN→ γ‐Mo2N→ β‐Mo2N→ Mo, while at 1120°C, the β‐Mo2N will transform to Mo.
The impact of negative childbirth experience on future reproductive decisions: A quantitative systematic review
Authors: Shorey Shefaly , Yang Yen Yen , Ang Emily 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to systematically retrieve, critique and synthesize available evidence regarding the association between negative childbirth experiences and future reproductive decisions.BackgroundA child's birth is often a joyous event; however, there is a proportion of women who undergo negative childbirth experiences that have long‐term implications on their reproductive decisions.DesignA systematic review of quantitative studies was undertaken using Joanna Briggs Institute's methods.Review methodsA search was carried out in CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from January 1996 ‐ July 2016. Studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were assessed by two independent reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Tools. Data were extracted under subheadings adapted from the institute's data extraction forms.ResultsTwelve studies, which examined either one or more influences of negative childbirth experiences, were identified. The included studies were either cohort or cross‐sectional designs. Five studies observed positive associations between prior negative childbirth experiences and decisions to not have another child, three studies found positive associations between negative childbirth experiences and decisions to delay a subsequent birth and six studies concluded positive associations between negative childbirth experiences and maternal requests for caesarean section in subsequent pregnancies.ConclusionTo receive a holistic understanding on negative childbirth experiences, a suitable definition and validated measuring tools should be used to understand this phenomenon. Future studies or reviews should include a qualitative component and/or the exploration of specific factors such as cultural and regional differences that influence childbirth experiences.
KNAT7 positively regulates xylan biosynthesis by directly activating IRX9 expression in Arabidopsis
Authors: He Jun‐Bo , Zhao Xian‐Hai , Du Ping‐Zhou , Zeng Wei , Beahan Cherie T. , Wang Yu‐Qi , Li Hui‐Ling , Bacic Antony , Wu Ai‐Min 
Published: February 2018

AbstractXylan is the major plant hemicellulosic polysaccharide in the secondary cell wall. The transcription factor KNOTTED‐LIKE HOMEOBOX OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 7 (KNAT7) regulates secondary cell wall biosynthesis, but its exact role in regulating xylan biosynthesis remains unclear. Using transactivation analyses, we demonstrate that KNAT7 activates the promoters of the xylan biosynthetic genes, IRREGULAR XYLEM 9 (IRX9), IRX10, IRREGULAR XYLEM 14‐LIKE (IRX14L), and FRAGILE FIBER 8 (FRA8). The knat7 T‐DNA insertion mutants have thinner vessel element walls and xylary fibers, and thicker interfascicular fiber walls in inflorescence stems, relative to wild‐type (WT). KNAT7 overexpression plants exhibited opposite effects. Glycosyl linkage and sugar composition analyses revealed lower xylan levels in knat7 inflorescence stems, relative to WT; a finding supported by labeling of inflorescence walls with xylan‐specific antibodies. The knat7 loss‐of‐function mutants had lower transcript levels of the xylan biosynthetic genes IRX9, IRX10, and FRA8, whereas KNAT7 overexpression plants had higher mRNA levels for IRX9, IRX10, IRX14L, and FRA8. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that KNAT7 binds to the IRX9 promoter. These results support the hypothesis that KNAT7 positively regulates xylan biosynthesis.
Three‐dimensional mobility and muscle attachments in the pectoral limb of the Triassic cynodontMassetognathus pascuali(Romer, 1967)
Authors: Fahn‐Lai Philip , Biewener Andrew A. , Pierce Stephanie E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe musculoskeletal configuration of the mammalian pectoral limb has been heralded as a key anatomical feature leading to the adaptive radiation of mammals, but limb function in the non‐mammaliaform cynodont outgroup remains unresolved. Conflicting reconstructions of abducted and adducted posture are based on mutually incompatible interpretations of ambiguous osteology. We reconstruct the pectoral limb of the Triassic non‐mammaliaform cynodontMassetognathus pascualiin three dimensions, by combining skeletal morphology from micro‐computed tomography with muscle anatomy from an extended extant phylogenetic bracket. Conservative tests of maximum range of motion suggest a degree of girdle mobility, as well as substantial freedom at the shoulder and the elbow joints. The glenoid fossa supports a neutral pose in which the distal end of the humerus points 45° posterolaterally from the body wall, intermediate between classically ‘sprawling’ and ‘parasagittal’ limb postures.Massetognathus pascualiis reconstructed as having a near‐mammalian complement of shoulder muscles, including an incipient rotator cuff (m. subscapularis, m. infraspinatus, m. supraspinatus, and m. teres minor). Based on close inspection of the morphology of the glenoid fossa, we hypothesize a posture‐driven scenario for the evolution of the therian ball‐and‐socket shoulder joint. The musculoskeletal reconstruction presented here provides the anatomical scaffolding for more detailed examination of locomotor evolution in the precursors to mammals.
Effects of low phosphorus supply on the availability of calcium and phosphorus, and musculoskeletal development of growing dogs of two different breeds
Authors: Kiefer‐Hecker B. , Kienzle E. , Dobenecker B. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryTo investigate the impact of a selective reduction in dietary phosphorus (P) supply on healthy growing dogs, a total of 23 Beagles and 30 Foxhound crossbreds (FBI) were used in a feeding trial between 6 and 24 weeks of age. Sixteen Beagles and 19 FBI were fed with selectively reduced P concentrations (low phosphorus, LP). The remaining puppies received a completely balanced control diet (CON). With these diets, the P supply in the Beagles at the age of 12 weeks added up to 2.5 ± 0.6 (LP) and 9.8 ± 1.4 g P/kg DM (CON), and in the FBI 4.3 ± 0.9 (LP) and 13.0 ± 1.6 g P/kg DM (CON). Therefore, the LP Beagles received an average of 33 ± 11% of the recommended daily allowances (RDA) of P, the LP FBI 41 ± 11%. The calcium (Ca) concentration stayed unaltered and led to a Ca/P ratio above the recommended range of 1.3/1 to 2/1. The apparent digestibility (aD) of phosphorus was reduced in the LP Beagle; otherwise, the aD of both minerals was not affected by the P concentration of the diet. The renal excretion of P was reduced to zero in both LP groups while the renal calcium excretion increased significantly. Several of the puppies from both breeds showed impaired appetite, growth, skin and fur quality, and a few also clinically showed relevant signs of a disturbed musculoskeletal system after the LP feeding. A rapid loss of muscle strength and posture within hours led to severe deviation of the limb axis with hyperflexion of the joints but no radiological aberrations or signs of pain. Immediate transition of affected puppies to a balanced diet with sufficient phosphorus resulted in a complete recovery of the puppies in less than one month. The results demonstrate the importance of an adequate P supply on the healthy development of growing dogs.
The Placing of Early Bronze Age Metalwork Deposits: New Evidence from Scotland
Authors: Bradley Richard , Green Chris , Watson Aaron 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThis paper considers the earliest metalwork hoards in Scotland, most of which have been found at conspicuous points in the landscape. The treatment of individual objects suggests that they had been carefully selected before they were deposited. Fieldwork, combined with computer reconstruction, shows that half the collections with adequate provenances come from places with direct views of the rising and setting sun at the solstices. The main emphasis seems to have been on midwinter.
Breeding system and bumblebee drone pollination of an explosively pollen‐releasing plant,Meliosma tenuis(Sabiaceae)
Authors: Wong Sato A. A. , Kato M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractExplosive pollen release is a mechanism used by some angiosperms that serves to attach pollen to a pollinator's body. It is usually adopted by species with zygomorphic tubular flowers and pollinated by birds and bees. The tree genusMeliosma(Sabiaceae, Proteales) has unique disc‐like flowers that are externally actinomorphic, but internally zygomorphic, and release pollen explosively.To elucidate the adaptive significance of explosive pollen release, we observed flowering behaviour, the breeding system and pollinator visits to flowers of the Japanese speciesMeliosma tenuisin a temperate forest. Flowers bloomed in June and were nectariferous and protandrous. Explosive pollen release was triggered by slight tactile stimuli to anther filaments or staminodes in male‐stage flowers.Because pollen cannot come into contact with the pistils enclosed by staminodes,M. tenuisis functionally protandrous. Artificial pollination treatments revealed thatM. tenuisis allogamous. The dominant flower visitors were nectar‐seeking drones of the bumblebee speciesBombus ardens(Apidae). The drones’ behaviour, pollen attachment on their bodies and fruit set of visit‐restricted flowers suggest that they are the only agent triggering the explosive pollen release mechanism, and are the main pollinator ofM. tenuis.The finding that bumblebee workers rarely visit these flowers suggests that the explosive pollen release has another function, namely to discourage pollen‐harvesting bumblebee workers.
Impact of bacterial spot outbreaks on the phytosanitary quality of tomato and pepper seeds
Authors: Giovanardi D. , Biondi E. , Ignjatov M. , Jevtić R. , Stefani E. 
Published: February 2018

The impact of disease outbreaks on the phytosanitary quality of seeds was investigated for two pathosystems: tomato–Xanthomonas vesicatoria and pepper–Xanthomonas euvesicatoria. This study, which was performed in Italy and Serbia, aimed to evaluate the season‐to‐season transmission of phytopathogenic regulated bacteria associated with phytosanitary risks posed by seeds produced in areas where bacterial infections are possible. For each pathosystem, field plots were experimentally inoculated to simulate an initial infection rate of 1%, 5% and 15%. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated for each field plot, the seeds produced were analysed to determine the contamination level and rate, and the plant‐to‐seed transmission was evaluated by a seedling grow‐out (SGO) assay. To investigate transmission under field conditions, a second‐year experiment was performed, wherein seeds collected from the first year were used to establish new field plots. During the first growing season, AUDPC values were positively correlated with the percentages of initial infection for each pathosystem. Seed contamination levels in pepper ranged from 34 to 100 CFU g−1, and the contamination rate ranged from 1.50% up to 3.17% for X. euvesicatoria, whereas processing and fresh market tomato seeds produced both in Italy and Serbia were not infected by X. vesicatoria. During SGO assays and the second cropping year, no symptoms were observed in either tomato or pepper plants. Therefore, the calculated pepper seed contamination rate for X. euvesicatoria appeared to be less than the threshold necessary to initiate a disease outbreak. Finally, all seeds obtained during the second cropping year were uninfected.
Does dietary fluid intake affect skin hydration in healthy humans? A systematic literature review
Authors: Akdeniz M. , Tomova‐Simitchieva T. , Dobos G. , Blume‐Peytavi U. , Kottner J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between daily amounts of drinking water and skin hydration and skin physiology receive increasingly attention in the daily life and in clinical practice. However, there is a lack of evidence of dermatological benefits from drinking increased amounts of water.Materials and methodsPubmed and Web of Science were searched without any restrictions of publication dates. References of included papers and related reviews were checked. Eligibility criteria were primary intervention and observational studies investigating the effects of fluid intake on skin properties in English, German, Spanish or Portuguese language, including subjects being healthy and 18+ years.ResultsSearches resulted in 216 records, 23 articles were read in full text, and six were included. The mean age of the samples ranged from 24 to 56 years. Overall the evidence is weak in terms of quantity and methodological quality. Disregarding the methodological limitations a slight increase in stratum corneum and “deep” skin hydration was observed after additional water intake, particularly in individuals with lower prior water consumption. Reductions of clinical signs of dryness and roughness were observed. The extensibility and elasticity of the skin increased slightly. Unclear associations were shown between water intake and transepidermal water loss, sebum content, and skin surface pH.ConclusionsAdditional dietary water intake may increase stratum corneum hydration. The underlying biological mechanism for this possible relationship is unknown. Whether this association also exists in aged subjects is unclear. Research is needed to answer the question whether increased fluid intake decreases signs of dry skin.
A transfusion prescription template and other human factor interventions to improve balanced transfusion delivery in major haemorrhage due to trauma
Authors: Swieton J. , Hawes R. , Avery S. , Watson H. , Scott Y. , Lannon M. , Wallis J. P. 
Published: February 2018

SUMMARYObjectivesThe aim of this study is to improve practice in the management of major haemorrhage, particularly in red cell to plasma transfusion ratios.BackgroundA review of the management of major haemorrhage in trauma in Newcastle Hospitals Trust in 2012–2013 showed good mortality outcomes but found that red cell : plasma transfusion ratios could be improved. Human factors techniques transferable from industry and the military were identified, and a package of interventions was implemented, including an intensive multidisciplinary team training programme and a new major haemorrhage prescription template.Methods/materialsWe reviewed the management of all 243 adult trauma patients admitted with major haemorrhage to the Emergency Department in the Newcastle Hospitals Trust in the 4‐year period from April 2012. We analysed clinical details, blood components transfused and patient outcomes and used Trauma Audit and Research Network data to correlate with injury severity and predicted survival.ResultsMean transfusion ratios of red cells to plasma improved from 1·5 : 1 and 1·6 : 1 in the first 2 years to 1·1 : 1 in the 2 years following implementation of the new measures. There was a statistically significant improvement in the delivery of a balanced transfusion, defined as a red cell : plasma ratio of <1·3 : 1 following the changes.ConclusionSimple changes to procedures, specifically implementation of a new major haemorrhage prescription template and multidisciplinary team training, have resulted in marked improvement in the ratio of red cells to plasma transfused to trauma patients with major haemorrhage or requiring emergency blood. The package of changes could be easily replicated in other health‐care settings.
Soluble antigens in plasma allow mismatched transfusion without hemolysis
Authors: Sikora James , Gregory Jason , George Alan , Clayton Simon , Zou Baiming , Robinson Matthew , Mukhtar Faisal , Pelletier Joseph P. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDUniversal plasma is a scarce resource when a massive transfusion protocol has been initiated. Previous studies have reported success using group A plasma in place of the universal plasma, group AB. It is unclear why there are not more reports of hemolytic reactions occurring from this practice. One possible explanation is the presence of water‐soluble antigens in the patient plasma that bind to, and neutralize, the soluble antibodies present in the transfused plasma.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSExpired units of plasma were used to make dilutions that consisted of mixtures of group A and B plasma and saline. Serial dilutions of these samples were performed starting from undiluted up to 1024. The dilutions were titrated using a group B red blood cell preparation. The titrations were read after incubation.RESULTSThe titers that resulted from the mixed plasma dilutions were significantly lower or showed no agglutination when compared to the group A–specific saline dilutions. The differences between the saline dilutions and mixed group dilutions were significant (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONOur study shows that secretor status would provide protection from isoantibodies. The dissolved B antigens in the group B plasma absorb and/or bind to the group B isoantibodies in the group A plasma. This mechanism gives a protective effect against hemolytic reactions in massive transfusion situations in the trauma setting when group A plasma is used instead of group AB plasma. This protective effect is revealed with the paucity of intravascular hemolysis observed in these out‐of‐group massive transfusions.
Bartonella henselae infection in a dog with recalcitrant ineffective erythropoiesis
Authors: Randell Martin G. , Balakrishnan Nandhakumar , Gunn‐Christie Rebekah , Mackin Andrew , Breitschwerdt Edward B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIneffective erythropoiesis was diagnosed in an 8‐year‐old male castrated Labrador Retriever. Despite treatment with immunosuppressive therapy for suspected immune‐mediated erythrocyte maturation arrest, resolution of the nonregenerative anemia was not achieved. Following documentation of Bartonella henselae bacteremia by Bartonella alpha proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment blood culture, immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued, and the anemia resolved following prolonged antibiotic therapy. Bartonella immunofluorescent antibody testing was negative, whereas B henselae western blot was consistently positive. The contribution of B henselae bacteremia to ineffective erythropoiesis remains unknown; however, the potential role of B henselae in the pathophysiology of bone marrow dyscrasias warrants additional investigation.