bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic source spectral properties of crack‐like and pulse‐like modes of dynamic rupture
Authors: Wang Yongfei , Day Steven M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEarthquake source properties such as seismic moment and stress drop are routinely estimated from far‐field body wave amplitude spectra. Some quantitative but model‐dependent relations have been established between seismic spectra and source parameters. However, large variability is seen in the parameter estimates, and it is uncertain how the variability is partitioned among real variability in the source parameters, observational error, and modeling error due to complexity of earthquake behaviors. Earthquake models with dynamic weakening have been found to exhibit two different modes of rupture: expanding‐crack and self‐healing pulse modes. Four representative models are generated to model the transition from crack‐like to pulse‐like. Pulse‐like rupture leads to development of a second corner frequency, and the intermediate spectral slope is approximately 2 in most cases. The focal‐sphere‐averaged lower P and S wave corner frequencies are systematically higher for pulse‐like models than crack models of comparable rupture velocity. The slip‐weighted stress drop ΔσE exceeds the moment‐based stress drop ΔσM for pulse‐like ruptures, with the ratio ranging from about 1.3 to 1.65, while they are equal for the crack‐like case. The variations in rupture mode introduce variability of the order of a factor of 2 in standard (i.e., crack model‐based) spectral estimates of stress drop. The transition from arresting‐ to growing‐pulse rupture is accompanied by a large (factor of ∼1.6) increase in the radiation ratio. Thus, variations in rupture mode may account for the portion of the scatter in observational spectral estimates of source parameters.
Complex conductivity of soils
Authors: Revil A. , Coperey A. , Shao Z. , Florsch N. , Fabricius I. L. , Deng Y. , Delsman J. R. , Pauw P. S. , Karaoulis M. , de Louw P. G. B. , van Baaren E. S. , Dabekaussen W. , Menkovic A. , Gunnink J. L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe complex conductivity of soils remains poorly known despite the growing importance of this method in hydrogeophysics. In order to fill this gap of knowledge, we investigate the complex conductivity of 71 soils samples (including four peat samples) and one clean sand in the frequency range 0.1 Hz to 45 kHz. The soil samples are saturated with six different NaCl brines with conductivities (0.031, 0.53, 1.15, 5.7, 14.7, and 22 S m−1, NaCl, 25°C) in order to determine their intrinsic formation factor and surface conductivity. This data set is used to test the predictions of the dynamic Stern polarization model of porous media in terms of relationship between the quadrature conductivity and the surface conductivity. We also investigate the relationship between the normalized chargeability (the difference of in‐phase conductivity between two frequencies) and the quadrature conductivity at the geometric mean frequency. This data set confirms the relationships between the surface conductivity, the quadrature conductivity, and the normalized chargeability. The normalized chargeability depends linearly on the cation exchange capacity and specific surface area while the chargeability shows no dependence on these parameters. These new data and the dynamic Stern layer polarization model are observed to be mutually consistent. Traditionally, in hydrogeophysics, surface conductivity is neglected in the analysis of resistivity data. The relationships we have developed can be used in field conditions to avoid neglecting surface conductivity in the interpretation of DC resistivity tomograms. We also investigate the effects of temperature and saturation and, here again, the dynamic Stern layer predictions and the experimental observations are mutually consistent.
Outcomes after 18 months of eliglustat therapy in treatment‐naïve adults with Gaucher disease type 1: The phase 3 ENGAGE trial
Authors: Mistry Pramod K. , Lukina Elena , Ben Turkia Hadhami , Shankar Suma P. , Baris Hagit , Ghosn Marwan , Mehta Atul , Packman Seymour , Pastores Gregory , Petakov Milan , Assouline Sarit , Balwani Manisha , Danda Sumita , Hadjiev Evgueniy , Ortega Andres , Gaemers Sebastiaan J. M. , Tayag Regina , Peterschmitt M. Judith 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEliglustat, an oral substrate reduction therapy, is a first‐line treatment for adults with Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) who are poor, intermediate, or extensive CYP2D6 metabolizers (>90% of patients). In the primary analysis of the Phase 3 ENGAGE trial (NCT00891202), eliglustat treatment for 9 months resulted in significant reductions in spleen and liver volumes and increases in hemoglobin concentration and platelet count compared with placebo. We report 18‐month outcomes of patients who entered the trial extension period, in which all patients received eliglustat. Of 40 trial patients, 39 entered the extension period, and 38 completed 18 months. Absolute values and percent change over time were determined for spleen and liver volume, hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, bone mineral density, bone marrow burden, and Gaucher disease biomarkers. For patients randomized to eliglustat in the double‐blind period, continuing treatment with eliglustat for 9 more months resulted in incremental improvement of all disease parameters. For patients randomized to placebo in the double‐blind period, eliglustat treatment during the 9‐month, open‐label period resulted in significant decrease of spleen and liver volumes and significant increase of hemoglobin and platelets, with a similar rate of change to patients who had received eliglustat in the double‐blind period. Eliglustat treatment was also associated with improvement in bone marrow burden score, bone mineral density, and established biomarkers of Gaucher disease, including reduction of the bioactive lipid, glucosylsphingosine. These findings underscore the efficacy of eliglustat in treatment‐naïve patients. Eliglustat was well‐tolerated, and there were no new safety concerns with longer‐term exposure.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Psilocybin
Authors: Fricke Janis , Blei Felix , Hoffmeister Dirk 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPsilocybin is the psychotropic tryptamine‐derived natural product of Psilocybe carpophores, the so‐called “magic mushrooms”. Although its structure has been known for 60 years, the enzymatic basis of its biosynthesis has remained obscure. We characterized four psilocybin biosynthesis enzymes, namely i) PsiD, which represents a new class of fungal l‐tryptophan decarboxylases, ii) PsiK, which catalyzes the phosphotransfer step, iii) the methyltransferase PsiM, catalyzing iterative N‐methyl transfer as the terminal biosynthetic step, and iv) PsiH, a monooxygenase. In a combined PsiD/PsiK/PsiM reaction, psilocybin was synthesized enzymatically in a step‐economic route from 4‐hydroxy‐l‐tryptophan. Given the renewed pharmaceutical interest in psilocybin, our results may lay the foundation for its biotechnological production.
Deaminative Strategy for the Visible‐Light‐Mediated Generation of Alkyl Radicals
Authors: Klauck Felix J. R. , James Michael J. , Glorius Frank 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA deaminative strategy for the visible‐light‐mediated generation of alkyl radicals from redox‐activated primary amine precursors is described. Abundant and inexpensive primary amine feedstocks, including amino acids, were converted in a single step into redox‐active pyridinium salts and subsequently into alkyl radicals by reaction with an excited‐state photocatalyst. The broad synthetic potential of this protocol was demonstrated by the alkylation of a number of heteroarenes under mild conditions.
Surfactant‐Assisted Phase‐Selective Synthesis of New Cobalt MOFs and Their Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Ya‐Pan , Zhou Wei , Zhao Jun , Dong Wen‐Wen , Lan Ya‐Qian , Li Dong‐Sheng , Sun Chenghua , Bu Xianhui 
Published: August 2017

AbstractReported herein are two new polymorphic Co‐MOFs (CTGU‐5 and ‐6) that can be selectively crystallized into the pure 2D or 3D net using an anionic or neutral surfactant, respectively. Each polymorph contains a H2O molecule, but differs dramatically in its bonding to the framework, which in turn affects the crystal structure and electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Both experimental and computational studies find that 2D CTGU‐5 which has coordinates water and more open access to the cobalt site has higher electrocatalytic activity than CTGU‐6 with the lattice water. The integration with co‐catalysts, such as acetylene black (AB) leads to a composite material, AB&CTGU‐5 (1:4) with very efficient HER catalytic properties among reported MOFs. It exhibits superior HER properties including a very positive onset potential of 18 mV, low Tafel slope of 45 mV dec−1, higher exchange current density of 8.6×10−4 A cm−2, and long‐term stability.
Synthesis, Isolation, and Trifluoromethylation of Two Isomers of C84‐Based Monometallic Cyanide Clusterfullerenes: Interplay between the Endohedral Cluster and the Exohedral Addends
Authors: Jin Fei , Wang Song , Tamm Nadezhda B. , Yang Shangfeng , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAs an emerging member of endohedral fullerenes, metal cyanide clusterfullerenes (CYCF) are unique in terms of the encapsulation of a monometallic cluster. To date the reported carbon cages of CYCFs are limited to C82 and C76, and little is known about the chemical reactivity of CYCFs. Herein, two isomers of the first C84‐based CYCFs, YCN@C84, were isolated as trifluoromethyl derivatives, including YCN@C84(23)(CF3)18 and three isomers of YCN@C84(13)(CF3)16, which are based on a unique chiral C2‐C84(13) cage. As a common feature of the CF3 addition patterns, the YCN@C84(CF3)16/18 compounds are stabilized by the formation of isolated C=C bonds and benzenoid rings on the carbon cages. The interplay between the endohedral YCN cluster and the exhohedral CF3 addends was unveiled according to single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies, thus offering new insight into the chemical reactivity of CYCFs.
Plasmon‐enhanced, two‐photon absorption in Schiff‐base‐modified poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride)–gold nanocomposites
Authors: George Nisha , Thomas Anitta Rose , Subha Radhu , N. L Mary 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) (SMA) is a synthetic copolymer with interesting thermal and membrane properties. Schiff bases are one of the most widely used organic compounds with chelating ligands having N, S, and O as donor atoms. A Schiff‐base‐modified SMA was synthesized by the reaction of the copolymer with salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone. Gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs), synthesized by a citrate reduction method were used to prepare the polymer–Au nanocomposites. In this research, we explored and investigated the effects on the linear and nonlinear optical properties of the Schiff‐base‐modified SMA copolymer with the incorporation of Au NPs. Open‐aperture Z‐scan measurements were recorded for the polymer, modified polymer, and polymer–Au nanocomposites at 532 nm with an Nd:YAG laser with a repetition rate of 10 Hz and a pulse width of 5 ns. The results indicate that the addition of the Au NPs effectively enhanced the two‐photon absorption coefficients of the polymer and, thereby, provided a platform for the development of nonlinear optical devices with good optical‐limiting properties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45377.
Control and Synchronization Of A Class Of Uncertain Fractional Order Chaotic Systems Via Adaptive Backstepping Control
Authors: Shukla Manoj Kumar , Sharma B.B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the stabilization and synchronization problem of a class of fractional order chaotic systems with unknown parameters. A systematic step by step approach is explained to derive control results using an adaptive backstepping strategy. The analytically obtained control structure, derived by blending a systematic backstepping procedure with Mittag‐Leffler stability results, helps in obtaining the stability of a strict feedback‐like class of uncertain fractional order chaotic systems. The results are further extended to achieve synchronization of these systems in master–slave configuration. Thereafter, the methodology has been applied to two example systems, that is, chaotic Chua's circuit and Genesio‐Tesi system, which belong to addressed class, in order to show the application of results. Numerical simulation given at the end confirms the efficacy of the scheme presented here.
Improvement of amphotericin B production by a newly isolated Streptomyces nodosus mutant
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Hai‐Dong , Zhou Yi‐Teng , Huang Kai , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Zheng Yu‐Guo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAmphotericin B is an effective antifungal antibiotic. However, its production in the wild‐type strain of Streptomyces nodosus is relatively low. In this study, a strain of ZJB 20130827, capable of producing amphotericin B, was isolated and identified as S. nodosus based on its physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as its 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. With N‐methyl‐N‐nitroso‐N′‐nitroguanidine (NTG) and ultraviolet (UV) treatment, this wild‐type strain was mutated for improving the yield of amphotericin B. After NTG and UV treatment, the best mutant N3 was obtained for optimization of fermentation conditions. The production of amphotericin B with N3 was 5,260 mg/L, while the wild‐type strain ZJB 20130827 was about 580 mg/L, an increase of 906.9%. A genetically stable mutant strain with high yield of amphotericin B was obtained using NTG and UV. The mutant obtained in this work could potentially be utilized in industrial production of amphotericin B.
Reproductive and Neurobehavioral Effects of Ethiprole Administered to Mice in the Diet
Authors: Tanaka Toyohito , Inomata Akiko 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundFew studies were found for neurobehavioral toxicity of the phenylpyrazole insecticide ethiprole in mammals. This study was designed to evaluate the reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of ethiprole exposure in mice.MethodsEthiprole was given in the diet to provide levels of 0 (control), 0.0003, 0.0009, and 0.0027% from 5 weeks of age of the F0 generation to 11 weeks of age of the F1 generation in mice. Selected reproductive and neurobehavioral parameters were measured.ResultsMovement time increased with a significant dose‐related trend, and frequencies of mice with urination increased in the high‐dose group of adult males in the F0 generation. The average body weight of male and female offspring increased significantly in treatment groups at postnatal days (PNDs) 7, 14, and 21. Surface righting on PND 7 of male offspring was accelerated in a significant dose‐related trend. In female offspring, olfactory orientation on PND 14 was accelerated significantly on the route of higher‐dose groups, and time of all treatment groups. Total distance, movement time, average speed, and average time of movement significantly decreased, and frequencies of mice with urination increased in a significant dose‐related trend in male offspring in the F1 generation. Longitudinal patterns of spontaneous behavior differed in the number of horizontal activities, movement time, and average speed in treatment groups in males. The number of horizontal activities of females decreased in a significant dose‐related trend through 120 min.ConclusionThe dose levels of ethiprole in the present study produced several adverse effects in neurobehavioral parameters in mice. Birth Defects Research 109:1568–1585, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interaction between Maternal and Paternal SHMT1 C1420T Predisposes to Neural Tube Defects in the Fetus: Evidence from Case–Control and Family‐Based Triad Approaches
Authors: K. Rebekah Prasoona , Tella Sunitha , Buragadda Srinadh , Tiruvatturu Muni Kumari , Akka Jyothy 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundNeural tube defects (NTDs) are caused by the failure of neural tube formation which occurs during early embryonic development. NTDs are the most severe and leading cause of fetal mortality. Serine hydroxymethyl transferase (SHMT1) provides one‐carbon units necessary for embryogenesis and defects in one‐carbon production result in specific pathological conditions during pregnancy. The present study is aimed to evaluate the association of SHMT1 C1420T with NTD risk in the fetus using fetal, maternal and paternal groups by applying both case–control and family‐based triad approaches.MethodsA total of 924 subjects including 124 NTD case–parent trios (n = 124 × 3 = 372) and 184 healthy control–parent trios (n = 184 × 3 = 552) from Telangana State, South India were analyzed. DNA from umbilical cord tissues and parental blood samples were extracted, and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical analysis used were SPSS, parent‐of‐origin effect (POE) analysis.ResultsCase‐control study design demonstrated fetuses with homozygous variant genotype (TT) to be at risk toward spina bifida subtype (p = 0.022). Among parents, fathers with TT genotype were associated with anencephaly (p = 0.018) and spina bifida subtypes (p = 0.027) in the offspring. Of interest, maternal–paternal–offspring genotype incompatibility revealed maternal CT genotype in combination with paternal TT genotype increased risk for NTDs in the fetus (CTxTT = TT; p = 0.021). Family‐based parent‐of‐origin effect linkage analysis revealed significant maternal over‐transmission of variant allele to NTD fetuses (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe present study, using both case–control and family‐based triad approach is the first report to demonstrate parental association of SHMT1 C1420T variant in conferring NTD risk in the fetus. Birth Defects Research 109:1020–1029, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of raltegravir, dolutegravir and elvitegravir concentrations in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples
Authors: Tsuchiya Kiyoto , Ohuchi Mayu , Yamane Naoe , Aikawa Hiroaki , Gatanaga Hiroyuki , Oka Shinichi , Hamada Akinobu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA simple sample treatment procedure and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method were developed for the simultaneous quantification of the concentrations of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 integrase strand transfer inhibitors – raltegravir, dolutegravir and elvitegravir – in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Plasma and CSF samples (20 μL each) were deproteinized with acetonitrile. Raltegravir‐d3 was used as the internal standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an XBridge C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm i.d., particle size 3.5 μm) using acetonitrile–water (7:3, v/v) containing 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The run time was 5 min. Calibration curves for all three drugs were linear in the range 5–1500 ng/mL for plasma and 1–200 ng/mL for CSF. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy of all three drugs in plasma were coefficient of variation (CV) <12.9% and 100.0 ± 12.2%, respectively, while those in CSF were CV <12.3% and 100.0 ± 7.9%, respectively. Successful validation under the same LC–MS/MS conditions for both plasma and CSF indicates this analytical method is useful for monitoring the levels of these integrase strand transfer inhibitors in the management of treatment of HIV‐1 carriers.
TMEFF2 shedding is regulated by oxidative stress and mediated by ADAMs and transmembrane serine proteases implicated in prostate cancer
Authors: Gaweł‐Bęben Katarzyna , Ali Nazim , Ellis Vincent , Velasco Gloria , Poghosyan Zaruhi , Ager Ann , Knäuper Vera 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTMEFF2 is a type I transmembrane protein with two follistatin (FS) and one EGF‐like domain over‐expressed in prostate cancer; however its biological role in prostate cancer development and progression remains unclear, which may, at least in part, be explained by its proteolytic processing. The extracellular part of TMEFF2 (TMEFF2‐ECD) is cleaved by ADAM17 and the membrane‐retained fragment is further processed by the gamma‐secretase complex. TMEFF2 shedding is increased with cell crowding, a condition associated with the tumour microenvironment, which was mediated by oxidative stress signalling, requiring jun‐kinase (JNK) activation. Moreover, we have identified that TMEFF2 is also a novel substrate for other proteases implicated in prostate cancer, including two ADAMs (ADAM9 and ADAM12) and the type II transmembrane serine proteinases (TTSPs) matriptase‐1 and hepsin. Whereas cleavage by ADAM9 and ADAM12 generates previously identified TMEFF2‐ECD, proteolytic processing by matriptase‐1 and hepsin produced TMEFF2 fragments, composed of TMEFF2‐ECD or FS and/or EGF‐like domains as well as novel membrane retained fragments. Differential TMEFF2 processing from a single transmembrane protein may be a general mechanism to modulate transmembrane protein levels and domains, dependent on the repertoire of ADAMs or TTSPs expressed by the target cell.
Porphyrins Conjugated with Peripheral Thiolato Gold(I) Complexes for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Longevial Jean‐François , El Cheikh Khaled , Aggad Dina , Lebrun Aurélien , van der Lee Arie , Tielens Frederik , Clément Sébastien , Morère Alain , Garcia Marcel , Gary‐Bobo Magali , Richeter Sébastien 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPorphyrins fused to imidazolium salts across two neighboring β‐pyrrolic positions were used as N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors to anchor AuI‐Cl complexes at their periphery. Synthesis of several thiolato‐AuI complexes was then achieved by substituting chloride for thiolates. Photodynamic properties of these complexes were investigated: the data obtained show that the Au−S bonds could be cleaved upon irradiation. The proposed mechanism to explain the release of thiolate moiety involves the S atom oxidation by singlet oxygen generated in the course of irradiation. In view of photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications, these porphyrins fused to NHC‐AuI complexes were tested as photosensitizers to kill MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Results show the important role played by the ancillary ligands (chloride versus thiolates) on the photodynamic effect.
Anti‐Electrostatic CH–Ion Bonding in Decorated Graphanes
Authors: Novák Martin , Marek Radek , Foroutan‐Nejad Cina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art computations combined with Ziegler–Rauk energy decomposition analyses are employed to introduce a new class of anti‐electrostatic ion–σ bonds with considerable stability and a substantial contribution from charge transfer and dispersion between ions and finite‐size functionalized graphane flakes, G‐XYs. G‐XYs have diverse electric multipolar moments that are comparable with those of newly synthesized all‐cis‐hexa‐halocyclohexanes. The strong, long‐range electrostatic and Pauli repulsions between some G‐XYs and certain ions induce a gas‐phase energy barrier to the physisorption of ions on the surface of G‐XYs. However, the repulsive interactions can be overbalanced by the strong orbital interactions operating in the formation of ion–σ complexes at short range, leading to covalent‐type intermolecular bonds as strong as −34 kcal mol−1.