bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into the Activation of In Situ Generated Chiral RhI Catalysts and Their Application in Cyclotrimerizations
Authors: Thiel Indre , Horstmann Moritz , Jungk Phillip , Keller Sonja , Fischer Fabian , Drexler Hans‐Joachim , Heller Detlef , Hapke Marko 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report a detailed study concerning the efficient generation of highly active chiral rhodium complexes of the general structure [Rh(diphosphine)(solvent)2]+ as well as their exemplary successful utilization as catalysts for cyclotrimerizations. Such solvent complexes could likewise be prepared from novel ammonia complexes of the type [Rh(diphosphine)(NH3)2]+. A valuable, feasible approach to generate novel chiral RhI complexes was found by in situ generation from Wilkinson's catalyst [RhCl(PPh3)3] with chiral P,N ligands. The generated catalysts led to moderate to good enantioselectivities and excellent yields in the cyclotrimerizations of triynes, showcasing their usefulness in the synthesis of axially chiral benzene derivatives.
Mild Decarboxylative C−H Alkylation: Computational Insights for Solvent‐Robust Ruthenium(II) Domino Manifold
Authors: Kumar N. Y. Phani , Rogge Torben , Yetra Santhivardhana Reddy , Bechtoldt Alexander , Clot Eric , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: September 2017

AbstractComputational studies on decarboxylative C−H alkenylations provided key insights into the solvent‐robust nature of C−H activation/decarboxylation domino reactions. These properties were exploited for ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed C−H alkylations by a decarboxylative process with ample scope under copper‐free and silver‐free reaction conditions.
Formation and Photodynamic Behavior of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheet–Fullerene Inorganic/Organic Nanohybrids on Semiconducting Electrodes
Authors: Baek Jinseok , Umeyama Tomokazu , Choi Wookjin , Tsutsui Yusuke , Yamada Hiroki , Seki Shu , Imahori Hiroshi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractComposite films that consisted of C60 and well‐exfoliated nanosheets of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as MoS2 or WS2, with a bulk heterojunction structure were easily fabricated onto a semiconducting SnO2 electrode via a two‐step methodology: self‐assembly into their composite aggregates by injection of a poor solvent into a good solvent with the dispersion, and subsequent electrophoretic deposition. Upon photoexcitation, the composites on SnO2 exhibited enhanced transient conductivity in comparison with single components of TMDs or C60, which demonstrates that the bulk heterojunction nanostructure of TMD and C60 promoted the charge separation (CS). In addition, the decoration of the TMD nanosheets with C60 hindered the undesirable charge recombination (CR) between an electron in SnO2 and a hole in the TMD nanosheets. Owing to the accelerated CS and suppressed CR, photoelectrochemical devices based on the MoS2–C60 and WS2–C60 composites achieved remarkably improved incident photon‐to‐current efficiencies (IPCEs) as compared with the single‐component films. Despite more suppressed CR in WS2–C60 than MoS2–C60, the IPCE value of the device with WS2–C60 was smaller than that with MoS2–C60 owing to its inhomogeneous film structure.
Chirality sensing with stereodynamic copper(I) complexes
Authors: De los Santos Zeus A. , Legaux Nicholas M. , Wolf Christian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThree Cu(I) complexes derived from stereodynamic diphosphine ligands were synthesized and used for chirality sensing. The coordination of diamines and amino acids to these complexes generates distinct circular dichroism signals. The chiroptical sensor response allows determination of the absolute configuration and the enantiomeric excess of the analyte at low concentrations. This method is operationally simple, fast, and attractive for high‐throughput sensing applications.
The prognostic significance of lung function in stable heart failure outpatients
Authors: Plesner Louis Lind , Dalsgaard Morten , Schou Morten , Køber Lars , Vestbo Jørgen , Kjøller Erik , Iversen Kasper 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundThis study investigated the impact on all‐cause mortality of airflow limitation indicative of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or restrictive spirometry pattern (RSP) in a stable systolic heart failure population.HypothesisDecreased lung function indicates poor survival in heart failure.MethodsInclusion criteria: NYHA class II‐IV and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 45%. Prognosis was assessed with multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Two criteria of obstructive airflow limitation were applied: FEV1/FVC < 0.7 (GOLD), and FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normality (LLN). RSP was defined as FEV1/FVC > 0.7 and FVC<80% or FEV1/FVC > LLN and FVC <LLN.ResultsThere where 573 patients in the cohort (85% of eligible patients in study period). Median follow‐up was 4.7 years and 176 patients died (31%). Age, NYHA class, smoking, body mass index and LVEF were independent prognostic factors (p<0.01). Obstructive airflow limitation increased mortality using both criteria (HRGOLD 2.07 [95% CI 1.45–2.95] p<0.01 and HRLLN 2.00 [1.40–2.84] p<0.01) and was an independent marker when using LLN criteria (HR 1.74 [1.17‐2.59] p=0.006). RSP was independently associated with mortality when defined as FVC < LLN (HR 1.54 [1.01–2.35] p=0.04) but not as FVC < 80%. Multivariate hazard ratios for a 10% decrease in predicted value of FEV1 or FVC were 1.42 (p<0.001) and 1.33 (p<0.001) in patients exhibiting airflow obstruction, and 1.36 (p=0.031) and 1.38 (p=0.041) in RSP.ConclusionsPresence of obstructive airflow limitation indicative of COPD or RSP were associated with increased all‐cause mortality, however only independently when using the LLN definition.
Safety‐net versus private hospital setting for brain metastasis patients treated with radiosurgery alone: Disparities in follow‐up care and outcomes
Authors: Diao Kevin , Sun Yanqing , Yoo Stella K. , Yu Cheng , Ye Jason C. , Trakul Nicholas , Jennelle Richard L. , Kim Paul E. , Zada Gabriel , Gruen John P. , Chang Eric L. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDStereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone is an increasingly accepted treatment for brain metastases, but it requires adherence to frequently scheduled follow‐up neuroimaging because of the risk of distant brain metastasis. The effect of disparities in access to follow‐up care on outcomes after SRS alone is unknown.METHODSThis retrospective study included 153 brain metastasis patients treated consecutively with SRS alone from 2010 through 2016 at an academic medical center and a safety‐net hospital (SNH) located in Los Angeles, California. Outcomes included neurologic symptoms, hospitalization, steroid use and dependency, salvage SRS, salvage whole‐brain radiotherapy, salvage neurosurgery, and overall survival.RESULTSNinety‐three of the 153 patients were private hospital (PH) patients, and 60 were SNH patients. The median follow‐up time was 7.7 months. SNH patients received fewer follow‐up neuroimaging studies (1.5 vs 3; P = .008). In a multivariate analysis, the SNH setting was a significant risk factor for salvage neurosurgery (hazard ratio [HR], 13.65; P < .001), neurologic symptoms (HR, 3.74; P = .002), and hospitalization due to brain metastases (HR, 6.25; P < .001). More clinical visits were protective against hospitalizations due to brain metastases (HR, 0.75; P = .002), whereas more neuroimaging studies were protective against death (HR, 0.65; P < .001).CONCLUSIONSSNH patients with brain metastases treated with SRS alone had fewer follow‐up neuroimaging studies and were at higher risk for neurologic symptoms, hospitalization for brain metastases, and salvage neurosurgery in comparison with PH patients. Clinicians should consider the practice setting and patient access to follow‐up care when they are deciding on the optimal strategy for the treatment of brain metastases. Cancer 2018;124:167‐75. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
A modified reporting approach for thyroid FNA in the NIFTP era: A 1‐year institutional experience
Authors: Mito Jeffrey K. , Alexander Erik K. , Angell Trevor E. , Barletta Justine A. , Nehs Matthew A. , Cibas Edmund S. , Krane Jeffrey F. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDThe reclassification of noninvasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) has created diagnostic and management issues for thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). In response to these challenges, the authors' laboratory adopted a NIFTP policy including 1) stringent criteria (requiring pseudo‐inclusions, papillae, and/or psammoma bodies) for a malignant diagnosis of papillary carcinoma to limit false‐positive results due to NIFTP and 2) the use of explanatory notes in cases with cytomorphologic features suggestive of possible NIFTP to encourage lobectomy over thyroidectomy. This study examined the effects of this policy on FNA classification and subsequent surgical management.METHODSAll thyroid FNAs performed at Brigham and Women's Hospital (n = 1300) during a 1‐year period were evaluated for changes in the use of diagnostic categories, explanatory NIFTP notes, and surgical follow‐up in comparison with historical controls.RESULTSThe use of specific Bethesda categories did not significantly change. Only a single case of NIFTP was mistakenly classified as malignant. NIFTP was seldom suspected prospectively (17 of 1300; 1.3%); when NIFTP was suspected, cases were reported as suspicious for a follicular neoplasm/follicular neoplasm (n = 10) or suspicious for malignancy (SUS; n = 7). Five of the 7 SUS cases (71%) underwent partial thyroidectomy, compared to 19% of those classified as SUS without an explanatory NIFTP note (P < .02).CONCLUSIONSThyroid FNA reporting modifications due to NIFTP affect only a small subset of specimens. When NIFTP is suspected, an explanatory note promotes limited surgical excision. More stringent criteria for malignancy affect few cases while potentially limiting false‐positive diagnosis due to NIFTP. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:854–64. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Fine‐needle aspiration of lipoblastoma: Cytological, molecular, and clinical features
Authors: Ferreira Joana , Esteves Gonçalo , Fonseca Ricardo , Martins Carmo , André Saudade , Lemos Maria Manuel 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDLipoblastomas are rare, benign adipocytic tumors that present mostly during infancy. In about 70% of cases, these tumors carry abnormalities in chromosome 8, mainly leading to rearrangements of the PLAG1 gene.METHODSWe report a series of histologically proven lipoblastomas with previous fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology from 9 patients (n = 10 samples) and describe their clinical, cytological, and molecular features.RESULTSOur cohort included 5 boys and 4 girls (median age, 2.5 years [range, 10 months to 13 years]) who presented with soft tissue masses in the thorax (n = 3), abdomen (n = 2), axilla (n = 2), and thigh (n = 2). In 1 patient, the FNA diagnosis was inconclusive due to hypocellularity, and in another patient a diagnosis of benign lipomatous tumor was made. In the remaining 8 samples (one of which confirmed relapse), a correct preoperative FNA diagnosis was rendered. Smears were hypo‐ to moderately cellular and contained fragments of mature adipose tissue with thin branching vessels admixed with some lipoblasts in a myxoid matrix. Spindle cells and naked oval nuclei with no atypia were observed in the background. Of the 4 patients tested for PLAG1 rearrangement using FISH probes, 3 harbored this alteration (1 was made on a FNA smear and 1 was made in a tumor imprint). All the patients are alive and well, except for 1 patient with a retroperitoneal tumor who, after an initial incomplete excision, died of local disease progression.CONCLUSIONFNA, especially if used together with molecular biology techniques (eg, PLAG1 FISH analysis), is a reliable and accurate diagnostic tool. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:934‐9. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Using ProteomeScout: A Resource of Post‐Translational Modifications, Their Experiments, and the Proteins That They Annotate
Authors: Mooradian Arshag D. , Held Jason M. , Naegle Kristen M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPost‐translational modifications (PTMs) of protein amino acids are ubiquitous and important to protein function, localization, degradation, and more. In recent years, there has been an explosion in the discovery of PTMs as a result of improvements in PTM measurement techniques, including quantitative measurements of PTMs across multiple conditions. ProteomeScout is a repository for such discovery and quantitative experiments and provides tools for visualizing PTMs within proteins, including where they are relative to other PTMS, domains, mutations, and structure. ProteomeScout additionally provides analysis tools for identifying statistically significant relationships in experimental datasets. This unit describes four basic protocols for working with the ProteomeScout Web interface or programmatically with the database download. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An efficient network‐side path protection scheme in OFDM‐based elastic optical networks
Authors: Dao Hai , Morvan Michel , Gravey Philippe 
Published: September 2017

SummaryElastic optical networks (EONs) based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technologies are seen as a promising solution for next‐generation optical transport networks to support the rapidly growing and heterogeneous traffic. In EONs, the elastic bandwidth allocation and modulation format agilities combined with reconfiguration capabilities pave the new way for leveraging the network efficiency. In this paper, we recast the network‐side path protection in EONs considering the opportunities and challenges enabled by the flexible operation of OFDM technologies. For the first time, we propose to take advantages of the reconfiguration capabilities of OFDM transponders for adapting to transmission condition variations when switching from the working to protection path in network‐side protection. The idea is inspired by the observation that in reach‐diverse networks, the transmission margin between the working path and protection path of a connection might be large enough, and thus, the most spectrum‐efficient modulation format for each path could be separately tailored, rather than imposed by a common one based on the worse condition as with current fixed transmission technologies. We formulate survivable transparent network designs for both dedicated and shared path protection in the form of integer linear programming model taking into account our proposal for enabling different transmission operations between working and protection mode. Numerical results based on extensive simulations on a realistic network topology, COST239, are presented to highlight the benefits of our proposal compared to conventional approaches in terms of spectrum efficiency for un‐capacitated scenarios and improvements in blocking ratio for capacitated scenarios.
GABA type a receptor trafficking and the architecture of synaptic inhibition
Authors: Lorenz‐Guertin Joshua M. , Jacob Tija C. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTUbiquitous expression of GABA type A receptors (GABAAR) in the central nervous system establishes their central role in coordinating most aspects of neural function and development. Dysregulation of GABAergic neurotransmission manifests in a number of human health disorders and conditions that in certain cases can be alleviated by drugs targeting these receptors. Precise changes in the quantity or activity of GABAARs localized at the cell surface and at GABAergic postsynaptic sites directly impact the strength of inhibition. The molecular mechanisms constituting receptor trafficking to and from these compartments therefore dictate the efficacy of GABAAR function. Here we review the current understanding of how GABAARs traffic through biogenesis, plasma membrane transport, and degradation. Emphasis is placed on discussing novel GABAergic synaptic proteins, receptor and scaffolding post‐translational modifications, activity‐dependent changes in GABAAR confinement, and neuropeptide and neurosteroid mediated changes. We further highlight modern techniques currently advancing the knowledge of GABAAR trafficking and clinically relevant neurodevelopmental diseases connected to GABAergic dysfunction. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 238–270, 2018
Codeine influences the serum and urinary profile of endogenous androgens but does not interact with the excretion rate of administered testosterone
Authors: Lehtihet M. , Andersson A. , Börjesson A. , Schulze J. , Rane A. , Ericsson M. , Ekström L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractToday's doping tests involve longitudinal monitoring of urinary steroids including the testosterone glucuronide and epitestosterone glucuronide ratio (T/E) in an Athlete Biological Passport (ABP). The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of short‐term use of codeine on the urinary excretion of androgen metabolites included in the steroidal module of the passport prior to and after the co‐administration with testosterone. The study was designed as an open study with the subjects being their own control. Fifteen healthy male volunteers received therapeutic doses of codeine (Kodein Meda) for 6 days. On Day 3, 500 mg or 125 mg of testosterone enanthate (Testoviron®‐Depot) was administered. Spot urine samples were collected for 17 days, and blood samples were collected at baseline, 3, 6, and 14 days after codeine intake. The circulatory concentration of total testosterone decreased significantly by 20% after 3 days' use of codeine (p = 0.0002) and an atypical ABP result was noted in one of the subjects. On the other hand, the concomitant use of codeine and testosterone did not affect the elevated urinary T/E ratio. In 75% of the individuals, the concentration of urinary morphine (a metabolite of codeine) was above the decision limit for morphine. One of the participants displayed a morphine/codeine ratio of 1.7 after codeine treatment, indicative of morphine abuse. In conclusion, our study shows that codeine interferes with the endogenous testosterone concentration. As a result, the urinary steroid profile may lead to atypical findings in the doping test.
Exchange of genetic information between therian X and Y chromosome gametologs in old evolutionary strata
Authors: Peneder Peter , Wallner Barbara , Vogl Claus 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTherian X and Y sex chromosomes arose from a pair of autosomes. Y chromosomes consist of a pseudoautosomal region that crosses over with the X chromosome and a male‐specific Y‐chromosomal region that does not. The X chromosome can be structured into “evolutionary strata”. Divergence of X‐chromosomal genes from their gametologs is similar within a stratum, but differs among strata, likely caused by a different onset of suppression of crossing over between gametologs. After stratum formation, exchange of information between gametologs has long been believed absent; however, recent studies have shown limited exchange, likely through gene conversion. Herein we investigate exchange of genetic information between gametologs in old strata that formed before the split of Laurasiatheria (cattle) from Euarchontoglires (primates and rodents) with a new phylogenetic approach. A prerequisite for our test is an overall preradiative topology, that is, all X‐chromosomal gametologs are more similar among themselves than to Y‐chromosomal sequences. Screening multiple sequence alignments of the coding sequences of genes from cattle, mice, and humans identified four genes, DDX3X/Y, RBMX/Y, USP9X/Y, and UTX/Y, exhibiting a preradiation topology. Applying our test, we detected exchange of genetic information between all four X and Y gametologs after stratum formation.
Evolutionary divergence in life history traits among populations of the Lake Malawi cichlid fishAstatotilapia calliptera
Authors: Parsons Paul J. , Bridle Jon R. , Rüber Lukas , Genner Martin J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDuring the early stages of adaptive radiation, populations diverge in life history traits such as egg size and growth rates, in addition to eco‐morphological and behavioral characteristics. However, there are few studies of life history divergence within ongoing adaptive radiations. Here, we studiedAstatotilapia calliptera, a maternal mouthbrooding cichlid fish within the Lake Malawi haplochromine radiation. This species occupies a rich diversity of habitats, including the main body of Lake Malawi, as well as peripheral rivers and shallow lakes. We used common garden experiments to test for life history divergence among populations, focussing on clutch size, duration of incubation, egg mass, offspring size, and growth rates. In a first experiment, we found significant differences among populations in average clutch size and egg mass, and larger clutches were associated with smaller eggs. In a second experiment, we found significant differences among populations in brood size, duration of incubation, juvenile length when released, and growth rates. Larger broods were associated with smaller juveniles when released and shorter incubation times. Although juvenile growth rates differed between populations, these were not strongly related to initial size on release. Overall, differences in life history characters among populations were not predicted by major habitat classifications (Lake Malawi or peripheral habitats) or population genetic divergence (microsatellite‐basedFST). We suggest that the observed patterns are consistent with local selective forces driving the observed patterns of trait divergence. The results provide strong evidence of evolutionary divergence and covariance of life history traits among populations within a radiating cichlid species, highlighting opportunities for further work to identify the processes driving the observed divergence.
Inferring detailed space use from movement paths: A unifying, residence time‐based framework
Authors: Kapota Dror , Dolev Amit , Saltz David 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe residence time is the amount of time spent within a predefined circle surrounding each point along the movement path of an animal, reflecting its response to resource availability/quality. Two main residence time‐based methods exist in the literature: (1) The variance of residence times along the path plotted against the radius of the circle was suggested to indicate the scale at which the animal perceives its resources; and (2) segments of the path with homogeneous residence times were suggested to indicate distinct behavioral modes, at a certain scale. Here, we modify and integrate these two methods to one framework with two steps of analysis: (1) identifying several distinct, nested scales of area‐restricted search (ARS), providing an indication of how animals view complex resource landscapes, and also the resolutions at which the analysis should proceed; and (2) identifying places which the animal revisits multiple times and performs ARS; for these, we extract two scale‐dependent statistical measures—the mean visit duration and the number of revisits in each place. The association between these measures is suggested as a signature of how animals utilize different habitats or resource types. The framework is validated through computer simulations combining different movement strategies and resource maps. We suggest that the framework provides information that is especially relevant when interpreting movement data in light of optimal behavior models, and which would have remained uncovered by either coarser or finer analyses.