bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of adaptive variants in human genomes using averaged one-dependence estimation
Authors: Sugden Lauren Alpert , Atkinson Elizabeth G. , Fischer Annie P. , Rong Stephen , Henn Brenna M. , Ramachandran Sohini 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStatistical methods for identifying adaptive mutations from population-genetic data face several obstacles: assessing the significance of genomic outliers, integrating correlated measures of selection into one analytic framework, and distinguishing adaptive variants from hitchhiking neutral variants. Here, we introduce SWIF(r), a probabilistic method that detects selective sweeps by learning the distributions of multiple selection statistics under different evolutionary scenarios and calculating the posterior probability of a sweep at each genomic site. SWIF(r) is trained using simulations from a user-specified demographic model and explicitly models the joint distributions of selection statistics, thereby increasing its power to both identify regions undergoing sweeps and localize adaptive mutations. Using array and exome data from 45 ‡Khomani San hunter-gatherers of southern Africa, we identify an enrichment of adaptive signals in genes associated with metabolism and obesity. SWIF(r) provides a transparent probabilistic framework for localizing beneficial mutations that is extensible to a variety of evolutionary scenarios.
Neural Coding of Noisy and Reverberant Speech in Human Auditory Cortex
Authors: Puvvada Krishna C , Villafañe-Delgado Marisel , Brodbeck Christian , Simon Jonathan Z 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSpeech communication in daily listening environments is complicated by the phenomenon of reverberation, wherein any sound reaching the ear is a mixture of the direct component from the source and multiple reflections off surrounding objects and the environment. The brain plays a central role in comprehending speech accompanied by such distortion, which, frequently, is further complicated by the presence of additional noise sources in the vicinity. Here, using magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings from human subjects, we investigate the neural representation of speech in noisy, reverberant listening conditions as measured by phase-locked MEG responses to the slow temporal modulations of speech. Using systems-theoretic linear methods of stimulus encoding, we observe that the cortex maintains both distorted and distortion-free (cleaned) representations of speech. Also, we show that, while neural encoding of speech remains robust to additive noise in absence of reverberation, it is detrimentally affected by noise when present along with reverberation. Further, using linear methods of stimulus reconstruction, we show that theta-band neural responses are a likely candidate for the distortion free representation of speech, whereas delta band responses are more likely to carry non-speech specific information regarding the listening environment.
Understanding the relationship between health and internal migration in the United Kingdom
Authors: Moh’d Rabi’u Isah , Ajefu Joseph Boniface 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
Studies on the relationship between migration and health status of individuals most often concentrate on international migrants. In contrast, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between health and internal migration using the first 18 waves of the British Household Survey.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use the 12-version of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), an indicator of mental health, and physical health indicators as the health variables. This study uses different econometrics estimation methods in modelling the relationship in order to address omitted variable bias as well as unobserved heterogeneity. The econometric estimation methods include Pooled OLS, random effects (RE), fixed effects (FE) and then probit RE. The authors explore the relationship by comparing the health status of movers and non-movers and different types of internal migration such as between local authority districts and between regions.

Findings
The results of this research suggest that there is healthy migrant effect on migration within UK on some indicators of physical health like arm/leg, heart and migraine/headache problems, but not on mental health indicator. And the effects are similar for both males and females. It is advised therefore that the department of health should improve the health of those affected by these ailments so that they can have a chance to move perhaps to better their lots.

Originality/value
This study uses different econometrics estimation methods in modelling the relationship in order to address omitted variable bias as well as unobserved heterogeneity. The econometric estimation methods include Pooled OLS, RE, FE and then probit RE.
Efectos de la realización de un megaevento deportivo sobre una economía local. El caso de los Juegos Mundiales 2013 Cali
Authors: Aguado Luis F. , Osorio Ana M. , Arbona Alexei , Peña-Vinces Jesús C. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
A summary of the economic impact resulting from the celebration of a sporting mega-event in the city of Cali, Colombia, is carried out in this article.

Design/methodology/approach
The impacts are estimated by means of the systematic effects produced by the activities of investment/expenditure of the identified agents and the consequent multiplying effects captured from an input-output model.

Findings
The World Games represented a new income flow to the city of Cali of $101.036 million pesos (≡US$53.4 mill.) and 9.598 jobs were created (≡7,711 full-time jobs). Additionally, 2,174 foreign tourists and 11,250 national tourists were attracted to the city.

Originality/value
The article contributes with innovative aspects methodologically speaking, useful for future studies of economic impact in cities with low tourism located in developing countries.
The use of the recognition heuristic as an investment strategy in European stock markets
Authors: Lobão Júlio , Pacheco Luís , Pereira Carlos 
Published: December 2017

PurposePeople often face constraints such as a lack of time or information in taking decisions, which leads them to use heuristics. In these situations, fast and frugal rules may be useful for making adaptive decisions with fewer resources, even if it leads to suboptimal choices. When applied to financial markets, the recognition heuristic predicts that investors acquire the stocks that they are aware of, thereby inflating the price of the most recognized stocks. This paper aims to study the profitability against the market of the most recognized stocks in Europe.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors perform a survey and use Google Trends to study the profitability against the market of the most recognized stocks in Europe.FindingsThe authors conclude that a recognition heuristic portfolio yields poorer returns than a market portfolio. In contrast, from the data collected on Google Trends, weak evidence was found that strong increases in companies monthly search volumes may lead to abnormal returns in the following month.Research limitations/implicationsThe applied investment strategy does not account for transaction costs, which may jeopardize its profitability given the fact that it is necessary to revise the portfolio on a monthly basis. Despite the results obtained, they are useful to understanding the performance of recognition heuristic strategies over a comprehensive time horizon, and it would be interesting to depict its viability during different market conditions. This analysis could provide additional information about a preferable scenario for employing our strategies and, ultimately, enhance the profitability of recognition heuristic strategies.Practical implicationsThrough the exhaustive analysis performed here on the recognition heuristic in the European stock market, it is possible to conclude that no evidence was found for the viability of exploring this type of strategy. In fact, the investors would always gain better returns when adopting a passive investment strategy. Therefore, it would be wise to assume that the European market presents at least a degree of efficiency where no investment would yield abnormal returns following the recognition heuristic.Originality/valueThe main objective of this paper is to study the performance of the recognition heuristic in the financial markets and to contribute to the knowledge in this field. Although many authors have already studied this heuristic when applied to financial markets, there is a lack of consensus in the literature.
The valuation performance of mathematically-optimised, equity-based composite multiples
Authors: Nel Soon , le Roux Niël 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the valuation precision of composite models in each of six key industries in South Africa. The objective is to ascertain whether equity-based composite multiples models produce more accurate equity valuations than optimal equity-based, single-factor multiples models.Design/methodology/approachThis study applied principal component regression and various mathematical optimisation methods to test the valuation precision of equity-based composite multiples modelsvis-à-visequity-based, single-factor multiples models.FindingsThe findings confirmed that equity-based composite multiples models consistently produced valuations that were substantially more accurate than those of single-factor multiples models for the period between 2001 and 2010. The research results indicated that composite models produced up to 67 per cent more accurate valuations than single-factor multiples models for the period between 2001 and 2010, which represents a substantial gain in valuation precision.Research implicationsThe evidence, therefore, suggests that equity-based composite modelling may offer substantial gains in valuation precision over single-factor multiples modelling.Practical implicationsIn light of the fact that analysts’ reports typically contain various different multiples, it seems prudent to consider the inclusion of composite models as a more accurate alternative.Originality/valueThis study adds to the existing body of knowledge on the multiples-based approach to equity valuations by presenting composite modelling as a more accurate alternative to the conventional single-factor, multiples-based modelling approach.
The role of liquidity in asset pricing: the special case of the Portuguese Stock Market
Authors: Miralles-Quirós María del Mar , Miralles-Quirós José Luis , Oliveira Celia 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to examine the role of liquidity in asset pricing in a tiny market, such as the Portuguese. The unique setting of the Lisbon Stock Exchange with regards to changes in classification from an emerging to a developed stock market, allows an original answer to whether changes in the development of the market affect the role of liquidity in asset pricing.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors propose and compare two alternative implications of liquidity in asset pricing: as a desirable characteristic of stocks and as a source of systematic risk. In contrast to prior research for major stock markets, they use the proportion of zero returns which is an appropriated measure of liquidity in tiny markets and propose the separated effects of illiquidity in a capital asset pricing model framework over the whole sample period as well as in two sub-samples, depending on the change in classification of the Portuguese market, from an emerging to a developed one.

Findings
The overall results of the study show that individual illiquidity affects Portuguese stock returns. However, in contrast to previous evidence from other markets, they show that the most traded stocks (hence the most liquid stocks) exhibit larger returns. In addition, they show that the illiquidity effects on stock returns were higher and more significant in the period from January 1988 to November 1997, during which the Portuguese stock market was still an emerging market.

Research limitations/implications
These findings are relevant for investors when they make their investment decisions and for market regulators because they reflect the need of improving the competitiveness of the Portuguese stock market. Additionally, these findings are a challenge for academics because they exhibit the need for providing alternative theories for tiny markets such as the Portuguese one.

Practical implications
The results have important implications for individual and institutional investors who can take into account the peculiar effect of liquidity in stock returns to make proper investment decision.

Originality/value
The Portuguese market provides a natural experimental area to analyse the role of liquidity in asset pricing, because it is a tiny market and during the period studied it changed from an emerging to a developed stock market. Moreover, the authors have to highlight that previous evidence almost exclusively focuses on the US and major European stock markets, whereas studies for the Portuguese one are scarce. In this context, the study provides an alternative methodological approach with results that differ from those theoretically expected. Thus, these findings are a challenge for academics and open a theoretical and a practical debate.
Towards a relational innovation
Authors: Pauget Bertrand , Dammak Ahmed 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to work on the relational innovation. Innovation is a key factor in understanding organizations. Emerged as a growth paradigm, it is a good indicator of their priorities. Considered in a more pragmatic way, it has been noticed that other forms of innovation linked to relationships are developing alongside the most formal technological one.FindingsHighlighted in the 1960s, administrative innovation aimed to account for the stakeholders involved and how, by modifying the relationships, they were able to change the configurations of the organization. Since then, the authors mentioned the concept of organizational innovation which has been extended and modified. The term is still being discussed, but it has already appeared in the continuation of previous research.Originality/valueThe authors put forward a related and different form of organizational innovation: a relational innovation. This one seems to be linked to relational patterns of the organization. This theory paper aims to present relational innovation.
Cloud IOT based novel livestock monitoring and identification system using UID
Authors: K. Saravanan , S. Saraniya 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
We propose cloud IoT based LMS (Livestock Management System) with three features. i) Animal healthcare monitoring and recording using IoT sensors via wearable collar, ii) Animal livestock identification using UID for animals (smart tag) and owners (smart card), iii) QR code reading, processing and display of the details in mobile via wireless technologies.

Design/methodology/approach
The developed animal monitoring device is used to detect animal physiological parameters such as body temperature; physical gestures like sitting, standing, eating and heartbeat, environmental parameters such as air temperature and relative humidity. Also, e-animal husbandry information network management system is the comprehensive web-based animal husbandry software designed for better interaction between veterinary hospital, veterinary doctor, owner, farmer and animal husbandry management.

Findings
Animal monitoring device mounted on the neck sense the values and predict the health status of the animal by using cloud IoT analytics platform. The accuracy of the system is 90 per cent and it can be well placed in the livestock environment.

Research limitations/implications
This research is carried out in livestock cows located in Tirunelveli district. The practical difficulty was in placing sensors on the animal. The digital feed from the farmers and the veterinary hospital is input in the animal husbandry management software.

Practical implications
The developed system can be implemented for monitoring the health status of the animal from anywhere using mobile applications. Also, the digitized animal information helps the government to take the right decisions on policies and fund allocation.

Social implications
The implemented system can be easily scaled up to large environments by using wireless communication and animal husbandry data will be available immediately. UID scheme for animals can uniquely identify the animal and its details.

Originality/value
The proposed work implements novel livestock monitoring and analytics system along with Aadhar (Unique ID) for animal. The proposed UID scheme is innovative and unique.
Enhancing WO3 gas sensor selectivity using a set of pollutant detection classifiers
Authors: Faleh Rabeb , Gomri Sami , Othman Mehdi , Aguir Khalifa , Kachouri Abdennaceur 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
In this paper, a novel hybrid approach aimed at solving the problem of cross-selectivity of gases in electronic nose (E-nose) using the combination classifiers of support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN) methods was proposed.

Design/methodology/approach
First, three WO3 sensors E-nose system was used for data acquisition to detect three gases, namely, ozone, ethanol and acetone. Then, two transient parameters, derivate and integral, were extracted for each gas response. Next, the principal component analysis (PCA) was been applied to extract the most relevant sensor data and dimensionality reduction. The new coordinates calculated by PCA were used as inputs for classification by the SVM method. Finally, the classification achieved by the KNN method was carried out to calculate only the support vectors (SVs), not all the data.

Findings
This work has proved that the proposed fusion method led to the highest classification rate (100 per cent) compared to the accuracy of the individual classifiers: KNN, SVM-linear, SVM-RBF, SVM-polynomial that present, respectively, 89, 75.2, 80 and 79.9 per cent as classification rate.

Originality/value
The authors propose a fusion classifier approach to improve the classification rate. In this method, the extracted features are projected into the PCA subspace to reduce the dimensionality. Then, the obtained principal components are introduced to the SVM classifier and calculated SVs which will be used in the KNN method.
Corporate governance: a farce at Volkswagen?
Authors: Arora Jaskiran 
Published: December 2017

Synopsis
This case on “Corporate governance: a farce at Volkswagen (VW)” is set in September of 2015. The precipitating events, which started with the Emissions scandal and tampering of the technology, unfold a history of threatening organizational culture, deliberate cheating, and failure of good governance. The case presents that though the outgoing CEO took the responsibility for the event but said that he was shocked by the event and stunned that the misconduct of such a scale could occur in the VW Group. Given the roles and responsibilities of board of management and the supervisory board, how could the scandal of such magnitude go unnoticed? Were robust corporate governance practices being not followed at VW?

Research methodology
The case is based on the material available in the public domain, records, press reports, published books, interviews published by key board members of Volkswagen and the company website.

Relevant courses and levels
This case can be used for undergraduate senior classes or graduate and executive education level courses in corporate governance and ethical practices. This case will sync best with the topics around Board Composition and size, Board Independence, fiduciary duties of supervisory board, board duality and leadership and its impact on organizational culture.
Change—and Scepticism—as a Constant: Anthony King on Parties and Party Systems
Authors: Bale Tim 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTony King had a healthy disrespect for conventional wisdom but a deep appreciation for common sense. Drawing on an eclectic mix of sources, both qualitative and quantitative, he wore his learning lightly, the better to highlight and explain to academic and non‐academic audiences how shifts in society and public opinion drove change inside parties and in the party systems in which they operated. King asked great questions and provided answers that simultaneously captured complexity and the big picture. His provocative interpretations and analysis were always stimulating—and many of them proved highly prescient.
Brexit: The EU Policy‐Making State Hits the Populist Buffers
Authors: Richardson Jeremy 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThere seems to be an emerging conventional wisdom that the Brexit vote resulted from specific domestic factors in Britain, such as divisions within the ruling Conservative party, the rise of UKIP, strong reaction to increased immigration, all set against the backdrop of globalisation and its adverse effects. The end result was a populist revolt. The argument presented here is somewhat different. Whilst accepting that the above factors were certainly very important, it is argued that it is important to examine the key role of the EU itself in the creation of the current crisis within the EU. The construction of an EU policy‐making state has run far ahead of what voters at the national level want, leading to a central paradox within the EU, namely that the European elite which runs the EU has introduced some very beneficial public policies, yet that elite has become increasingly out of touch with its peoples.
Prehospital analgesic choice in injured patients does not impact on rates of vomiting: Experience from a New South Wales primary retrieval service
Authors: Zhang Michael , Cowan Timothy , Smiles John‐Paul , Morgan Mary , Armstrong Jessica , Goswami Chinky , Sewell Claire 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the analgesic regimes adopted in our contemporary retrieval practice and the incidence of vomiting in ED after prehospital analgesic use.MethodA retrospective review was conducted on trauma patients retrieved by the Hunter Primary Retrieval Service in the Hunter New England Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia, during 2015.ResultsOf the 379 patients attended by the service in 2015, 196 of them (mean age 38.6, SD 19.68, years) were selected for this review. Morphine was the most commonly used analgesic (mean 68.37%; 95% CI 61.36–74.81%), followed by fentanyl (mean 48.47%; 95% CI 41.29–55.70%) and ketamine (mean 34.18%; 95% CI 27.57–41.28%). Fourteen (7.14%, 95% CI 3.96–11.69%) patients vomited either prehospital or within the ED. Patients in both the emesis and the non‐emesis group were comparable in demographics. None of the three studied analgesics were observed to be significantly associated with higher risk of vomiting than the others in this review, although a higher dose of fentanyl was given to the non‐emesis group (P = 0.04).ConclusionsThe frequency of vomiting in the retrieved patients observed in our study was less than previously reported in the literature. Opioids still prevailed over ketamine as the preferred initial analgesic, with ketamine most commonly used as an adjunct. Multi‐centre trials in this field would be preferable in future in view of the relatively low incidence of vomiting in retrieved trauma patients.