bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biological basis for current treatment strategies for granulomatous disease in common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: van Stigt Astrid C. , Gualtiero Giulia , Cinetto Francesco , Dalm Virgil A.S.H. , IJspeert Hanna , Muscianisi Francesco 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
The pathogenesis of granulomatous disease in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is still largely unknown, which hampers effective treatment. This review describes the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of granuloma formation in CVID and the biological basis of the current treatment options.

Recent findings
Histological analysis shows that T and B cells are abundantly present in the granulomas that are less well organized and are frequently associated with lymphoid hyperplasia. Increased presence of activation markers such as soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and IFN-ɣ, suggest increased Th1-cell activity. Moreover, B-cell abnormalities are prominent in CVID, with elevated IgM, BAFF, and CD21low B cells correlating with granulomatous disease progression. Innate immune alterations, as M2 macrophages and neutrophil dysregulation, indicate chronic inflammation. Therapeutic regimens include glucocorticoids, DMARDs, and biologicals like rituximab.

Summary
Our review links the biological context of CVID with granulomatous disease or GLILD to currently prescribed therapies and potential targeted treatments.
Paucity of gastrointestinal plasma cells in common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Marsden Jan Willem N. , Laclé Miangela M. , Severs Mirjam , Leavis Helen Louisa 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Common variable immunodeficiency enteropathy (CVID-E) is a noninfectious complication of CVID caused by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Based on literature, a paucity or lack of plasma cells, although not obligatory for diagnosis, is a pathognomonic feature of CVID and more frequent in CVID-E. However, there is no consensus on standardized histopathological analysis of this feature in biopsies. In this systematic review, we highlight methods of reproducible plasma cell quantification of biopsies in CVID and describe the plasma cell counts and classes as presented in the literature.

Recent findings
Reduced plasma cell counts are commonly found over the entire GI tract, except for in the oesophagus. Immunoglobulin A+ (IgA+) plasma cells appear to be the most commonly reduced plasma cell class in CVID, yet there is scarce literature on the predictive value of low IgA+ plasma cell counts in CVID-E.

Summary
We propose two optimized methodologies of quantification using a cut-of value of <10 plasma cells per HPF at 40× magnification, or a proportion of ≥1–5% of total mononuclear cells, recorded over ≥3 sections, and in ≥2 biopsies, as the most conservative agreeable definitions for a paucity of plasma cells to be used in diagnostics and further research.
Preventing perioperative infections: a call to action for anesthesiologists
Authors: Gerasimov Madina , Lin Della M. , Munnur Uma , Donnelly Melanie 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Surgical site infections (SSI) are one of the most costly complications and hospital organizations are promoting multidisciplinary approaches to address this harm. Anesthesiologists are increasingly recognized as key players influencing surgical outcomes and patient safety, and play a key role in preventing SSIs.

Recent findings
Recent guidelines and strategies to prevent SSI are focused on the areas which anesthesiologists can impact including antimicrobial prophylaxis, proper hand hygiene, decontamination of environmental surfaces and operating room equipment coming in direct contact with patients.

Summary
Timely interventions, including appropriate antibiotics’ administration, practicing sterile and aseptic techniques when performing intraoperative procedures and handling medications are impactful steps in the process of improving rates of SSIs. Multidisciplinary participation in local and regional collaborative initiatives to improve adherence to best practices as well as integrated education of all the stakeholders are some of the principles of patient-centered care described in our review.
Dental sedation permit requirements for physician anesthesiologists in the United States and the European Union: a review
Authors: Yun Steve , Martin-Orr Nathanial , Hendrix Max 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
This review addresses the dental sedation permit requirements for physician anesthesiologists in the United States and the European Union (EU). The regulatory landscape for office-based anesthesia, including dental settings, is often described as the ‘Wild West’ of patient safety, making it crucial to outline the similarities and differences in dental anesthesia regulations and offer practical guidelines for regulators.

Recent findings
There is virtually no literature that addresses the issue of dental sedation permits for physicians. By summarizing the variation in language and terminology from state to state, this review highlights the inconsistencies and gaps in dental regulations. The review also highlights the limited specific guidance on the permit process for physicians administering dental anesthesia.

Summary
By comparing dental anesthesia regulations and guidelines across all U.S. states and the EU, the review aims to offer practical guidelines for regulators to institute an oversight process that is fair to physician anesthesiologists and does not impede their ability to practice in the dental office setting. This framework for credentialing and permitting physicians in dental office-based anesthesia settings is informed by existing safety recommendations and best practices.
The Impact of a Brief Educational Seminar on Pediatric Pain-focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for School Providers
Authors: Siebert Elliane , Pierce Steven J. , Ely Samantha L. , Cunningham Natoshia R. 
Published: October 2024

Objectives:
Pediatric chronic pain is common and can be detrimental to children’s social, emotional, and school functioning. Nonpharmacological approaches to chronic pain, like cognitive- behavioral therapy (CBT), can be effective. Schools could provide children with chronic pain access to these interventions. However, school professionals (ie, nurses and mental health providers) are seldom trained in CBT, creating a barrier to accessing such help. A seminar was created to introduce CBT strategies for chronic pediatric pain to school professionals. Feasibility, acceptability, and self-reported knowledge gained from the seminar were examined.

Materials and Methods:
Two introductory seminars (~2.5 h each) were held separately for the Michigan Association of School Nurses and the health department of Northwest Michigan (n = 71 total). The seminar provided an understanding of pain and pain-focused CBT strategies (eg, activity pacing, positive self-statements, and psychoeducation). Fifty-two school nurses, 16 mental health professionals, and 3 participants (unidentified title) rated program acceptability and self-reported knowledge of CBT before and after training (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree).

Results:
Of the respondents, 89.6% agreed the training was helpful, and 87.5% were interested in additional training. For all questions relating to knowledge of CBT, a mixed-model interaction showed a meaningful, increase of at least 1 point (on a 5-point Likert Scale), F(2, 69.83) = 3.93, P = 0.024.

Conclusion:
This study underscores the feasibility and acceptability of training school health providers in CBT for pediatric chronic pain. This project also established key partnerships in Michigan to expand future work in this realm with more comprehensive training and assessment of outcomes.
Failure of neuromuscular blockade despite high doses of rocuronium and atracurium in a patient with colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Dos Santos Rocha Andre , Betello Marco , Nikolaou Argyro , Südy Roberta , Albu Gergely , Schiffer Eduardo 
Published: October 2024

Resistance to the effects of rocuronium and other neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) has been previously reported, including delayed onset of relaxation, rapid recovery and incomplete paralysis under recommended doses. These conditions have been associated with denervation injury, burns, immobilisation, infections, metabolic disorders, and drug interactions.
In this report, we describe the case of a young male without any known pre-disposing factor for NMBA resistance, who failed to attain muscle relaxation with non-depolarising NMBA despite high doses of rocuronium and atracurium during two surgeries for colorectal cancer, several months apart. Investigations for drug failure and genetic testing did not indicate a plausible cause. After chemotherapy and tumour resection, the patient underwent a third surgical procedure under general anaesthesia with normalised NMBA response.
Patient's written consent was obtained for publication.
SEROUS RETINAL DETACHMENT DUE TO CRYPTOCOCCOSIS IN AN IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENT
Authors: Carvalho Araujo Anna Carolina , Said Isadora L. , Moussallem Bruna , Bordon Arnaldo F. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
To report a case of bilateral ocular cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent patient without neurologic findings.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 30-year-old healthy Caucasian man presented with painless blurred vision in the left eye. Examination showed bilateral serous detachments and white retinal lesions. The visual acuity (VA) was 20/40 in the right eye and hand motions in the left eye. Neurologic workup and serologies were negative, and a computer tomography-positron emission tomography scan showed diffuse lymph node enlargement with metabolic activity and a suspected lymphoproliferative disorder. The myelogram and immunohistochemistry were normal. A biopsy of the cervical lymph nodes was positive for Cryptococcus neoformans. He was treated with antifungal medications and had complete resolution of the subretinal fluid and VA improvement.

Conclusion:
Cryptococcosis is a rare entity in an immunocompetent person. A systemic workup is necessary to diagnose cryptococcosis and initiate prompt treatment.
Qufeng Tongluo Decoction May Alleviate Podocyte Injury Induced by High Glucose and Hydrogen Peroxide by Regulating Autophagy
Authors: Ruan Zhichao , Liu Jiangteng , Liu Weijing , Huang Weijun 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Diabetic kidney disease is a significant complication of diabetes. Previous studies have confirmed that Qufeng Tongluo (QFTL) decoction can alleviate podocyte injury in a diabetic rat model, but its mechanism remains unclear. The present in vitro study investigated QFTL’s mechanism in protecting podocytes.

Methods:
The mouse podocyte clone 5 (MPC-5) cell line stimulated by high glucose and hydrogen peroxide was used as a model for podocyte injury. The cells were treated with QFTL, QFTL + SC79 (activator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and C2 ceramide (inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt). Immunofluorescence, western blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were employed to detect the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62), PI3K, Akt, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) proteins and their messenger RNA (mRNA) levels.

Results:
High glucose and hydrogen peroxide stimulation may disrupt podocytes’ cytoskeletal structure, while QFTL may mitigate these structural changes. After the SC79 intervention, QFTL’s alleviation of the cytoskeletal structure damage disappeared. High glucose and hydrogen peroxide stimulation decreased the expression of LC3 in MPC-5 cells, whereas QFTL upregulated its expression, but this effect was reversed by the SC79 intervention. Interestingly, P62 decreased after high glucose + hydrogen peroxide stimulation, and QFTL failed to upregulate P62. The expression levels of PI3K, Akt, and PTEN in the model group decreased, which were improved by QFTL.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that QFTL can maintain the stability of autophagic flux in injured podocytes, which may be related to its ability to improve P62 expression but not to regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Occupational Burnout
Authors: Gates Tracy , Scott Blake , Merlo Kelsey , Charles Dannelle , Dunn Elizabeth , Miklaszewski Christopher , Marshall Jennifer 
Published: October 2024

Objective
Florida’s public health workforce faced unprecedented challenges during the compounding COVID-19 pandemic and record-setting hurricane seasons. The objective of this study was to understand burnout within this essential workforce and identify strategies to better support them.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey addressing burnout, job satisfaction, turnover intention, job demands, job resources, and organizational support in 2021 was completed by 891 Florida Department of Health workers and analyzed by the research team.

Results
Approximately half of the respondents reported experiencing burnout, which is linked to job dissatisfaction and turnover intention. Strategies to effectively support and retain this essential workforce include improving staffing, salaries, flexibility, trainings, resources, and leadership.

Conclusions
As infectious disease outbreaks and extreme weather events continue to occur, effectively supporting the public health workforce is critical to protecting and promoting the health and well-being of all Floridians.
Mediating Role of Burnout on the Association Between Work-Related Boredom and Insomnia Among Korean Wage Workers
Authors: Shin Soonsu , Ryoo Jae-Hong 
Published: October 2024

Objective
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between work-related boredom and insomnia among Korean workers.

Methods
Data from 30,992 wage workers in the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey were analyzed. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for insomnia according to work-related boredom were estimated using a survey-weighted logistic regression model. A mediation analysis was performed with burnout as the mediator.

Results
The survey-weighted logistic regression model revealed that work-related boredom was significantly associated with an increased risk of insomnia. In the mediation model, both the total and direct association of work-related boredom on insomnia were statistically significant. Moreover, the indirect association, mediated by burnout, was also significant, accounting for 23.38% of the total association.

Conclusions
Our findings burnout may play a mediating role between work-related boredom and insomnia.
Pure Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate With a Complete Remission to Gemcitabine-Cisplatin: Case Presentation and Literature Review
Authors: Yang Yang , Shen Yilin , Zarrabi Kevin K. , Deng Yutao , Tester William 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of prostate is a very rare condition and little is known regarding the appropriate managment. Here we reported our patient with pure squamous cell carcinoma of prostate who had complete remission with gemcitabine and cisplatin treatment which last 5 months. Based on his genomic study of prostate cancer, he enrolled to our clinical trial and now receiveing mTOR pathway inhibtor. We also briefly reviewed previous cases of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of prostate and their managment.
Oral Microbiome and Cognition Among Black Cancer Caregivers
Authors: Yang Irene , Alford Taqiyya , Brewster Glenna , Geurs Nicolaas , Wharton Whitney , Yeager Katherine , Houser Madelyn 
Published: October 2024

Background
Despite known links between oral health and dementia and the growing understanding of the role of the human microbiome in health, few studies have explored the relationship between the oral microbiome and cognition. Additionally, there is a notable absence of research on how the oral microbiome is associated with cognitive function in Black adult caregivers of cancer patients despite their elevated risk for both oral disease and cognitive impairment.

Objectives
This study aimed to characterize the oral microbiome of Black caregivers of people living with cancer and explore the association of the oral microbiome with cognitive performance.

Methods
Thirty-one self-identified Black or African American caregivers of cancer patients in the greater metropolitan Atlanta area participated in the study. They provided oral microbiome samples. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), depressive symptoms with the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, and individual race-related stress with the Index of Race-Related Stress–Brief. Salivary microbiome diversity was analyzed using alpha and beta diversity metrics, and taxa associated with cognition were identified through differential abundance testing, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
The mean age of participants was 54.8 years. MoCA scores ranged from 18 to 30, with a mean of 25. Participants were categorized into normal cognition (MoCA ≥ 26, n = 12) and low cognition (MoCA < 26, n = 16) groups. Education level and individual race-related stress were associated with cognition group and were controlled for in the oral microbiome analysis. Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed no significant overall differences between cognition groups. Differential abundance testing suggested 48 taxa were associated with cognition status, many of which are known to be associated with periodontal disease and cognition.

Discussion
This study revealed associations between cognition status and specific oral bacteria, many of which are known to be associated with periodontal disease and cognitive impairment. These findings underscore the complex relationship between oral health and cognitive function, suggesting a need for further research to develop oral microbiome profiles capable of identifying individuals at risk for cognitive decline and guiding targeted interventions for promoting overall well-being and cognitive health.
Use of HSP105 in the Differential Diagnosis of Basaloid Skin Tumors: A Study of 73 Cases
Authors: Deng Li-Jia , Zhou Kai-Yi , Wang Qin-Xiao , Luo Si-Yu , Fang Sheng 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Basaloid skin tumors include subtypes of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and the basaloid variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Due to their similarity in pathology and clinical presentation, their diagnosis is not straightforward. The aim of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of HSP105 in basaloid skin tumors, which include BCC, basosquamous carcinoma (BSC), metatypical basal cell carcinoma (MBCC), basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC), BCC with squamous differentiation as well as conventional SCC.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 17 cases of BCC, 11 cases of BSC, 8 instances of MBCC, 10 cases of BCC with squamous differentiation, 8 cases of BSCC, and 19 cases of SCC. Their clinical characteristics were summarized, and the paraffin blocks of tumor biopsy specimens were collected for HSP105 immunostaining.

Results:
In contrast to the BCC group, which stained predominantly negative, SCC stained diffusely positive for HSP105. BSCs showed some areas of HSP105 positivity with a transitional expression signature. HSP105 was only weakly positive in a few cases of MBCC. Although BSCC was stained positive for HSP105, the HSCORE was significantly lower than that of the classic SCC. In BCC with squamous differentiation, focal staining for HSP105 was only seen in the area of squamous differentiation.

Conclusion:
There was a difference in immunohistochemical staining of HSP105 in basaloid skin tumors which helps in differential diagnosis. Differentiation between BCC, SCC, BSCC, MBCC, and BCC with squamous differentiation can be aided by immunohistochemistry using HSP105.
Decoding Brain Development and Aging
Authors: Hagiwara Akifumi , Kamio Satoru , Kikuta Junko , Nakaya Moto , Uchida Wataru , Fujita Shohei , Nikola Stikov , Akasahi Toshiaki , Wada Akihiko , Kamagata Koji , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The aging process induces a variety of changes in the brain detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These changes include alterations in brain volume, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) white matter hyperintense lesions, and variations in tissue properties such as relaxivity, myelin, iron content, neurite density, and other microstructures. Each MRI technique offers unique insights into the structural and compositional changes occurring in the brain due to normal aging or neurodegenerative diseases. Age-related brain volume changes encompass a decrease in gray matter and an increase in ventricular volume, associated with cognitive decline. White matter hyperintensities, detected by FLAIR, are common and linked to cognitive impairments and increased risk of stroke and dementia. Tissue relaxometry reveals age-related changes in relaxivity, aiding the distinction between normal aging and pathological conditions. Myelin content, measurable by MRI, changes with age and is associated with cognitive and motor function alterations. Iron accumulation, detected by susceptibility-sensitive MRI, increases in certain brain regions with age, potentially contributing to neurodegenerative processes. Diffusion MRI provides detailed insights into microstructural changes such as neurite density and orientation. Neurofluid imaging, using techniques like gadolinium-based contrast agents and diffusion MRI, reveals age-related changes in cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid dynamics, crucial for brain health and waste clearance. This review offers a comprehensive overview of age-related brain changes revealed by various MRI techniques. Understanding these changes helps differentiate between normal aging and pathological conditions, aiding the development of interventions to mitigate age-related cognitive decline and other symptoms. Recent advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence have enabled novel methods for estimating brain age, offering also potential biomarkers for neurological and psychiatric disorders.
What Is the Added Value of DWI Compared With Structured Assessment of BI-RADS Criteria by the Kaiser Score? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dietzel Matthias , Vatteroni Giulia , Baltzer Pascal A.T. 
Published: October 2024

Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the added value of DWI compared with the structured assessment of BI-RADS criteria using the Kaiser score.

Materials and Methods
Articles published in English until May 2024 were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data on the characteristics of studies evaluating the added value of DWI to distinguish benign from malignant breast lesions compared with structured assessment of the BI-RADS criteria. Using bivariate random-effects models, the sensitivity and specificity were calculated. I
2 statistics, Deek's funnel plot asymmetry test for publication bias, and meta-regression were applied for the data analysis.

Results
Five studies comprising 1005 malignant and 846 benign lesions were eligible for data synthesis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity estimates of structured BI-RADS assessment were 95.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92.6%–97.5%) and 68.7% (95% CI, 60.9%–75.6%), respectively. Adding DWI to the structured BI-RADS assessment achieved a pooled sensitivity of 94.4% (95% CI, 90.5%–96.7%) and a pooled specificity of 74.9% (95% CI, 68.8%–80.2%). Adding DWI to the structured BI-RADS assessment significantly changed neither the sensitivity (P = 0.52) nor the specificity (P = 0.20).

Conclusions
This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed only a limited, statistically nonsignificant added value of DWI compared with the structured assessment of BI-RADS criteria using the Kaiser score.