bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of persistence, withdrawal, and dropout intentions in the initial phase of nursing training: a qualitative longitudinal study
Authors: Arianta Katrin , Goller Michael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTaking the perspective of career choice as a lifelong, iterative, constructive, and agentic process, the present study focuses on the development of vocational aspirations of nursing trainees; that is, thoughts about a long-term perspective in nursing (i.e., persistence), ideas of finishing the training but changing into another profession after some time (i.e., withdrawal), and decisions to terminate the training before completing the programme through a final examination (i.e., dropout). In order to generate detailed insights about the dynamics behind the development of such aspirations during the initial training phase, a qualitative, longitudinal, within-subject study design based on grounded theory was employed. The results mainly show that social interactions with more experienced nurses, practical work experiences, encounters with environments that are either conducive to learning or not, the satisfaction of different needs (e.g., autonomy, competence, belonging, sense of meaningfulness), as well as the associated feelings of well-being affect how vocational aspirations develop over the first year of training. In addition, the study identifies four different patterns of how trainees typically oscillate between thoughts of staying in nursing and leaving the profession in the short or long run: (a) arriving and wanting to stay, (b) staying as a transitional passage, (c) seeking to stay, and (d) exiting as a knee-jerk reaction. The patterns present evidence of a variety of approaches regarding how trainees deal with certain experiences during their training and how the combination of experiences might affect young professionals’ subsequent career choices.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Sleep, but not Physical Activity, are Associated with Functional Connectivity in Older Adults
Authors: Wing David , Roelands Bart , Wetherell Julie Loebach , Nichols Jeanne F. , Meeusen Romain , Godino Job G. , Shimony Joshua S. , Snyder Abraham Z. , Nishino Tomoyuki , Nicol Ginger E. , Nagels Guy , Eyler Lisa T. , Lenze Eric J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Aging results in changes in resting state functional connectivity within key networks associated with cognition. Cardiovascular function, physical activity, sleep, and body composition may influence these age-related changes in the brain. Better understanding these associations may help clarify mechanisms related to brain aging and guide interventional strategies to reduce these changes.

Methods
In a large (n = 398) sample of healthy community dwelling older adults that were part of a larger interventional trial, we conducted cross sectional analyses of baseline data to examine the relationships between several modifiable behaviors and resting state functional connectivity within networks associated with cognition and emotional regulation. Additionally, maximal aerobic capacity, physical activity, quality of sleep, and body composition were assessed. Associations were explored both through correlation and best vs. worst group comparisons.

Results
Greater cardiovascular fitness, but not larger quantity of daily physical activity, was associated with greater functional connectivity within the Default Mode (p = 0.008 r = 0.142) and Salience Networks (p = 0.005, r = 0.152). Better sleep (greater efficiency and fewer nighttime awakenings) was also associated with greater functional connectivity within multiple networks including the Default Mode, Executive Control, and Salience Networks. When the population was split into quartiles, the highest body fat group displayed higher functional connectivity in the Dorsal Attentional Network compared to the lowest body fat percentage (p = 0.011; 95% CI − 0.0172 to − 0.0023).

Conclusion
These findings confirm and expand on previous work indicating that, in older adults, higher levels of cardiovascular fitness and better sleep quality, but not greater quantity of physical activity, total sleep time, or lower body fat percentage are associated with increased functional connectivity within key resting state networks.
Case-control study on associations of hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in swine with feed characteristics and intestinal pathogens
Authors: Holenweger Fabienne , Spring Peter , Khayatzadeh Negar , Hofer Andreas , Schüpbach-Regula Gertraud , Grahofer Alexander 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHaemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) is one of the most common causes of death in fattening pigs worldwide. The objective of this descriptive study was to systematically assess predictors or causal components for the appearance of HBS using case farms (mortality rate caused by HBS ≥ 1.5%) in comparison with control farms (mortality rate caused by HBS ≤ 0.25%), focusing on feed ingredients, feed quality and size, and gastrointestinal pathogens. The inclusion of sugar beet as a feed component in liquid feeding systems was found to be associated (p = 0.03) with farms identified as HBS cases. Another predictive or causal factor found for liquid feeding systems, but only for those using meal, was particle size. A higher percentage of small particles (< 2 mm) in the meal was associated with a higher risk of being an HBS case farm (p = 0.02), while no relevant association was detected for the use of pellets. Sugar beet in the diet was also associated with the incidence of HBS.The microbial quality of the feed in dry feeding systems, specifically the number of total aerobes at the first and last outlet tubes, was associated with a higher incidence of HBS (p = 0.03). Faecal sample analysis showed a difference (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of B. pilosicoli in the herd category (case vs. control herd). In this descriptive study, five predictive or causal factors were identified for an HBS farm with a mortality rate due to HBS ≥ 1.5%. These included the number of aerobes in dry matter samples from the first and last feeders, the particle diameter of the meal used in liquid feeding systems and sugar beet as a component of liquid feeding rations, and the presence of B. pilosicoli as an infectious agent at animal level. Relevant associations reinforce the findings of the previously published Swiss study that HBS is a multifactorial syndrome involving different aspects of pig production and cannot be attributed to a single cause. Further studies are needed to develop evidenced based causal models for HBS in swine.
Anti-arthritic activity of Trayodashang guggulu, a classical Ayurvedic formulation against complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats
Authors: Bora Manajit , Sinha Barnali M. , Dixit Amit Kumar , Jamadagni Shrirang , Gaidhani Sudesh N. , Gautam Manish Kumar , Upadhyay Sachidanand , Hazra Jayram , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting millions of people across the world. Trayodashang guggulu (TG) is a classical Ayurvedic formulation used for the treating joint diseases since decades in the Indian system of traditional medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate anti-arthritic activity of TG against complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in Wistar rats.

Methods
Arthritis was induced by single injection of 0.1 ml complete Freund’s adjuvant into the intraplanter surface of left hind paw of Wistar rats. TG was administered orally at the doses of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. In the preventive dose group, TG was administered at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, orally for 28 days. Paw swelling, joint circumference, serum rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, serum IL-1β, TNF-α and histopathological parameters were assessed for the evaluation of arthritis. Effects of TG were compared with standard allopathic drug ibuprofen.

Results
TG reversed complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats when used for 14 and 28 days. Serum rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased in rats treated with both standard drug ibuprofen and TG.

Conclusion
Oral administration of TG reduced experimentally induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats by reversing elevated level of serum biochemical markers as well as reducing joint destruction similar to ibuprofen. Results obtained from the study paved the way in exploring more specific mechanisms of action of TG involving in vitro and in silico models.
Aortic root parameter analysis for transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the Pakistani population: a retrospective study
Authors: Suleman Muhammad , Masoud Maryam , Khan Muhammad Ishaq , Ullah Ihsan , Ullah Abid , Jan Rafi Ullah , Zeb Shah , Ashfaq Umar , Raza Ali , Waleed Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a growing treatment for aortic stenosis, but anatomical variations exist across populations. Asians tend to have smaller aortic annuli and higher bicuspid valve morphology compared to Westerners, potentially impacting TAVI valve selection and outcomes. This study analyzes aortic root parameters in Pakistani patients undergoing TAVI.

Results
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 78 patients who underwent TAVI at the Peshawar Institute of Cardiology from January 2021 to March 2024. Pre-procedural CT scans were analyzed for aortic annulus diameters, area, and other relevant parameters. The mean age was 72.41 years (SD ± 11.99), and 61.5% were male. Aortic annulus diameters (minimum, mean, maximum) were 21.18 mm (SD ± 3.99), 24.21 mm (SD ± 3.93), and 27.49 mm (SD ± 4.43), respectively. Bicuspid aortic valves were present in 34.61% of patients.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that Pakistani patients undergoing TAVI may have aortic root dimensions comparable to Western populations, with a substantial prevalence of bicuspid valves. However, coronary heights were similar to those reported in Asian populations with smaller annuli. Further studies are needed to assess TAVI outcomes in Pakistani patients and determine if tailored valve sizing strategies are required.
Safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir combination in treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection in adolescents aged 12–17 years old
Authors: Farhat Manar Sayed , Hassan Essam Ali , Gomaa Ahmed Ali , Algameel Alkassem Ahmed , Mohamed Fatma Abdel Hamid 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic hepatitis C virus (CHC) infection represents a crucial health problem, especially among children and adolescents. The ledipasvir (LDV)/sofosbuvir (SOF) regimen has been approved to treat adolescents (aged 12 to 17 years old) infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1, 4, 5, and 6 and then extended to include children above or equal to 3 years old. The current study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SOF/LDV combination in treating CHC-infected 12- to 17-year-old adolescents.

Patients and methods
This retrospective cohort study was performed on 147 Egyptian adolescents with CHC. The patients were treated with SOF 400 mg/LDV 90 mg combination once daily for 12 weeks. Possible side effects and laboratory data including HCV ribonucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (RNA PCR), complete blood count (CBC), and liver tests were recorded at baseline and week 12 after the end of treatment (EOT).

Results
Sustained virological response 12 weeks (SVR12) after end of treatment (EOT) was observed in 146 out of 147 patients (99.3%). The treatment regimen was efficiently tolerated with no reported cases of discontinuation caused by intolerability. Moreover, the side effects were minimal; 71.4% of the patients did not report any side effects related to the treatment. However, the rest mentioned fatigue, headache, or both of them. Fatigue was the main side effect reported in 16.3% of the patients. Furthermore, ALT and AST levels were normalized after treatment. FIB-4 and APRI scores were statistically significantly decreased 2 years post-SVR, in comparison to their levels before treatment, from 0.34 and 0.36 to 0.25 and 0.17, respectively.

Conclusion
The LDV/SOF regimen is one of the safe regimens used to treat adolescent patients with CHC infection.
Effect of different initiation timing of levothyroxine on pregnancy outcomes and development of offspring in women with gestational subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Fei Meirong , Shen Lingnv , Ding Xiuqin , Li Guoduan , You Jingyang 
Published: October 2024

Objective: To explore the impact of levothyroxine (L-T4) administration at different time points on pregnancy outcomes and offspring development in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH).
Methods: In this retrospective study, medical records of 107 patients with SCH treated in Huzhou Nanxun District People’s Hospital from February 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Of them, 55 patients received treatment before eight gestational weeks (Early group), and 52 patients received treatment after eight gestational weeks (Mid group). Levels of thyroid function indicators, occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, occurrence of adverse reactions, and development of offspring before and after the treatment were compared.
Results: After the treatment, the thyroid function indicators in both groups improved compared to before treatment, and the improvement in the Early group was significantly better than that in the Mid group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the early group (5.45%) was lower than that in the mid group (19.23%) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the groups (P>0.05). The scores of fine motor, gross motor, language, personal-social behavior, and adaptability in offspring of patients the Early group were higher than those of the mid group (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Early administration of L-T4 is safe and can effectively improve thyroid function in SCH patients, reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes, and ensure growth and development of offspring.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9724
How to cite this: Fei M, Shen L, Ding X, Li G, You J. Effect of different initiation timing of levothyroxine on pregnancy outcomes and development of offspring in women with gestational subclinical hypothyroidism. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(10):2400-2404. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9724
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The Influence of Brazilian Culture on Organizational Structure, Employee Motivation and Recruitment and Selection Practices, While Considering German Practices, is Significant
Authors: Shalwani Anoosha 
Published: October 2024

Organizational behavior (OB) focuses on studying the behavior of people within organizations. It aims to understand, predict, and influence human behavior an structure to enhance organizational performance. Globalization refers operating and competing in the global economy while upholding social responsibilities and business ethics. There is a prediction by French that the global shortage of workers may decrease in the future. Additionally, adopting cross-cultural approach in OB helps in recognizing variations in workplace attitudes and behavior among individuals and groups (Christy, 11th edition, 2016). Geert Hofstede identified four cultural dimensions: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and masculinity, Additionally, Fon Trompenaars, Charles Hampden- Turner identified seven areas in which cultural differences affect aspects of organizational behavior. These areas include relationships and roles, individual oriented societies, the display of emotions in public, the significance of building relationships in diffuse cultures, and the value of achievements within societies, the shift from collectivism towards individualism in Brazil validates Hofstede’s assumption about cultural change due to global economic growth. (Podrug, et al., n.d.).
Public Policy Analysis on the Required Administration of Mountainous Areas in Turkey
Authors: Karaman Zerrin Toprak 
Published: October 2024

Turkey is a mountainous country. 50% of Turkey's territory is located at an altitude of 1000 meters and 2/3 of it is located at an altitude of 500 meters and above. The percentage of mountainous areas in the total of Turkish lands is 74.6%. How aware is the administration of the mountains that bring multi-faceted and strategic meaning to the geographical structure of Turkey? Mountains need to be subjects of public policies. Yet they have not been regulated by law so far. What are the reasons behind this? Human beings must first design the spatial environment in which they live. This principle should be linked to the need for an effective administration planning of mountains. However, unfortunately even the word "mountain" does not clearly appear in the public policies of our country. These policies only focus on resources that are categorized as above-ground and underground. Administrative strategy of mountainous areas is not included in space analyses. It is also a security policy requirement to create basic public policies around the mountain in a multifaceted way, not by hiding mountain area administration under the title of any natural resource, but by handling it separately so that it is obvious within the goals of sustainable community development. Due to the characteristics of the mountains, international interest in the subject is also gradually increasing. 11th of December has been annually celebrated as the “International Mountain Day” since 2002. The ecological resilience of nature related to the existence of valuable resources also corresponds to the resilience of societies against all kinds of threats, especially against climate changes. The world now evaluates countries in terms of how they can manage these resources not just in terms of which goods and resources they have. It is important to make a distinction between the administration of mountainous areas within the public administration organization and the rural activities and to highlight the uniqueness of this type of administration. Public policies on mountains and administration of mountainous areas should rapidly be established in Turkey. In order to find balance between usage and protection, it is crucial to utilize the skills of developing scientific design strategies, objectively analyzing and interpreting and switching to new organizations and methods that are up-to-date. This paper focuses on the need for creating public policies regarding mountainous areas and proposes a model for these policies.
The Relationship between Knowledge and Attitudes with Financial Literacy Program Among Secondary School
Authors: Razali Nur Hanisah Mohd , Mustafa Nik Nur Shafika , Rahman Nor Hadaliza Abd , Noah Roha Mohamed , Johan Nurul Haida 
Published: October 2024

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between students' reaction towards the financial literacy education program with the knowledge and attitudes acquired after the program. This study is also to determine differences in knowledge and attitudes and skills of students before and after the program. Quantitative research design involved the respondents' secondary school. Questionnaires were distributed among secondary school students and analyzed using the descriptive statistic, paired t-test and correlation. The findings show that student reaction towards the financial literacy program was good and there is a significant difference between knowledge and attitude before and after the program undertaken.
Knockout of Sirtuin 3 in endothelial cells impairs endothelial‐dependent relaxation and myogenic response in mice
Authors: Chen Jian‐Xiong , Zhang Jin , Chen Yingjie , Zeng Heng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSirtuin 3 has been shown to regulate endothelial function and coronary flow reserve in mice. Knockout of SIRT3 reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the mouse hearts. In this study, we investigate whether endothelial SIRT3 regulates vascular function and myogenic responses in distal intramural branches of the left anterior descending coronary artery (CA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) of mice. Both male and female endothelial SIRT3 knockout (SIRT3ECKO) mice and control SIRT3LoxP mice were used and CA and MCA were dissected and mounted in a myograph system. The myogenic response was evaluated by measuring changes in inner diameter in response to 20 mmHg stepwise increases in intraluminal pressure in PSS (active diameter) and Ca2+‐free PSS (passive diameter). Acetylcholine (Ach)‐induced endothelial‐dependent relaxation (EDR) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)‐induced endothelial‐independent relaxation (EIR) were examined. Our results showed that the myogenic responses were significantly impaired in both the CA and MCA of SIRT3ECKO mice. Furthermore, female mice had worsened myogenic response in MCA. In CA, EDR was abolished in both male and female SIRT3ECKO mice. Intriguingly, EIR was only reduced in the female mice. In MCA, EDR was reduced in male SIRT3ECKO mice, whereas EIR was decreased in both male and female mice. Female SIRT3ECKO mice had profound dysfunction in CA, whereas male mice exhibited more dysfunction in MCA. These data revealed a sex and organ‐specific role of endothelial SIRT3 in vascular function and myogenic responses. Our study suggests that endothelial SIRT3 is necessary for maintaining vascular function and blood flow autoregulation.
How does the pelvic floor respond to modulations in trunk pressure induced by a variety of voicing tasks? A cross‐sectional, observational study
Authors: Rudavsky Aliza , McLean Linda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe pelvic floor responds to changes in trunk pressure, elevating during low‐pressure exhale and descending during high‐pressure exhale. Voicing occurs during exhalation, spanning low‐to‐high trunk‐pressure, yet it is unknown how voicing affects the pelvic floor. The aim of this study was to quantify pelvic floor response to voicing and identify if there are differences for women with stress urinary incontinence. We hypothesized that shouting would cause pelvic floor descent, with greater magnitude for incontinent women. Sixty women (38 incontinent, 22 continent) performed four voicing tasks (counting to “4” in speaking/shouting/low‐pitch/high‐pitch voice) while transperineal ultrasound measured changes in pelvic floor morphology. ANOVA compared variance of responses to voicing and t‐tests compared groups. Bladder neck height shortened, levator plate length increased and levator plate angle decreased more during shouting compared to speaking; consistent with pelvic floor straining. There were no differences for high versus low pitch‐voicing and small group differences based on continence status. Voicing causes pelvic floor muscles to strain, with greater strain during shouting. Changing vocal pitch does not affect pelvic floor morphology and incontinent women had slight differences from continent women. Voicing may be a safe way to lengthen the pelvic floor without provoking incontinence.