bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risky drinking behaviors among women with eating disorders—A longitudinal community‐based study
Authors: Mustelin Linda , Latvala Antti , Raevuori Anu , Rose Richard J. , Kaprio Jaakko , Keski‐Rahkonen Anna 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveEating disorders and alcohol use disorders often co‐occur, but few prospective studies have examined their relationship. Using a large population‐based twin sample, we investigated how the drinking behaviors of women with lifetime eating disorders unfold from adolescence to adulthood.MethodWe identified 182 women with a lifetime eating disorder assessed at mean age 24, including 92 women with DSM‐5 anorexia nervosa and 58 women with DSM‐5 bulimia nervosa, from the 1975–1979 birth cohorts of Finnish twins (N = 2,825 women). Frequency of drinking and intoxicating were assessed at ages 16, 24, and 34. Drinking problems were assessed at ages 24 and 34 by the Malmö‐modified Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (Mm‐Mast) and the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI).ResultsAt age 16, proportionately more women with eating disorders reported being severely intoxicated when they last drank (25% vs.16%, P = 0.001), and at both surveys in adulthood, they reported more frequent intoxication and more alcohol‐related problems than their unaffected peers. Those who had recovered from their eating disorder at age 24 still reported more alcohol‐related problems in their 30s than did other women. The age of drinking onset, number of monthly drinking days, or frequency of intoxication in adolescence did not differ between women with lifetime eating disorders and unaffected women.DiscussionWomen with eating disorders scored higher than their unaffected peers on scales measuring alcohol dependence, alcohol‐related problems, and intoxication. These differences persisted from mid‐adolescence into young adulthood. Women with eating disorders should be assessed routinely for drinking behaviors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:563–571)
Elevated plasma concentrations of bacterial ClpB protein in patients with eating disorders
Authors: Breton Jonathan , Legrand Romain , Akkermann Kirsti , Järv Anu , Harro Jaanus , Déchelotte Pierre , Fetissov Sergueï O. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveCaseinolytic protease B (ClpB) produced by Enterobacteria, such as Escherichia coli, has been identified as a conformational mimetic of α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), an anorexigenic and anxiogenic neuropeptide. In mice, ClpB induces α‐MSH cross‐reactive antibodies and activates anorexigenic brain neurons. In patients with eating disorders (ED), anti‐ClpB and anti‐α‐MSH antibodies correlate with psychopathological traits. However, it is not known if ClpB is present in human plasma including ED patients.MethodsPlasma concentrations of ClpB were measured using a recently developed ClpB immunoassay in female patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge‐eating disorder and compared with healthy participants, all characterized by the Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 (EDI‐2) scale.ResultsWe found that ClpB was readably detectable in plasma of healthy participants and ED patients and that its concentrations were elevated in ED patients, without significant differences in patient's subgroups. Plasma ClpB concentrations correlated with the EDI‐2 scores, with α‐MSH as well as with plasma levels of anti‐ClpB and anti‐α‐MSH antibodies.DiscussionThese data revealed that bacterial ClpB is naturally present in human plasma and that its concentrations can be elevated in ED patients and associated with ED‐related psychopathological traits. These results support a link between bacterial ClpB and the ED pathophysiology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:805–808)
A simple method to predict body temperature of small reptiles from environmental temperature
Authors: Vickers Mathew , Schwarzkopf Lin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTo study behavioral thermoregulation, it is useful to use thermal sensors and physical models to collect environmental temperatures that are used to predict organism body temperature. Many techniques involve expensive or numerous types of sensors (cast copper models, or temperature, humidity, radiation, and wind speed sensors) to collect the microhabitat data necessary to predict body temperatures. Expense and diversity of requisite sensors can limit sampling resolution and accessibility of these methods. We compare body temperature predictions of small lizards from iButtons, DS18B20 sensors, and simple copper models, in both laboratory and natural conditions. Our aim was to develop an inexpensive yet accurate method for body temperature prediction. Either method was applicable given appropriate parameterization of the heat transfer equation used. The simplest and cheapest method was DS18B20 sensors attached to a small recording computer. There was little if any deficit in precision or accuracy compared to other published methods. We show how the heat transfer equation can be parameterized, and it can also be used to predict body temperature from historically collected data, allowing strong comparisons between current and previous environmental temperatures using the most modern techniques. Our simple method uses very cheap sensors and loggers to extensively sample habitat temperature, improving our understanding of microhabitat structure and thermal variability with respect to small ectotherms. While our method was quite precise, we feel any potential loss in accuracy is offset by the increase in sample resolution, important as it is increasingly apparent that, particularly for small ectotherms, habitat thermal heterogeneity is the strongest influence on transient body temperature.
Increasing the Use of Evaluation Through Participation: The experience of a rural sustainable development plan evaluation
Authors: Díez María‐Angeles , Izquierdo Beatriz , Malagón Eduardo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn recent decades, the use of evaluation has been one of the main concerns of both academics and practitioners, and there has been much controversy throughout the evaluation literature. Different perspectives of evaluation can determine the way evaluation findings are used and the contribution of evaluation to individual and organizational learning is conditioned by stakeholder participation. In this article, our main hypothesis is that stakeholder participation increases evaluation significance, ownership and utilization and, as a consequence, participatory evaluation approaches improve programme governance. We focus on the evaluation of the Rural Sustainable Development Plan in the Basque Country, a context that reveals a complex institutional network (at regional and local level) with a limited tradition of evaluation. To enhance the full scope of participatory evaluation, this article: (i) briefly reviews the theoretical discourse on evaluation utilization; (ii) describes the evaluation context (rural development policy and its governance); (iii) presents the evaluation model as applied to the mid‐term evaluation of the Basque Rural Sustainable Development Plan; and (iv) analyses the use of the evaluation findings and processes according to four dimensions, namely information generation, knowledge generation, orientated‐action utilization and orientated‐policy utilization. Finally, we provide guidance to improve knowledge about evaluation use, participation and good governance, which could be all considered as basic tools for solid institutionalization of sustainable development strategies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and its association with self‐rated health and N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ahmadi Nasser S. , Bennet Louise , Larsson Charlotte A. , Andersson Susanne , Månsson Jörgen , Lindblad Ulf 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimsLeft ventricular hypertrophy, obesity, hypertension, and N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide (Nt‐proBNP) predict left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with preserved systolic function (DD‐PSF). Self‐rated health (SRH) is shown to be associated with chronic diseases, but the association of SRH with DD‐PSF is unclear. In light of the clinical implications of DD‐PSF, the following goals are of considerable importance: (1) to determine the role of SRH in patients with DD‐PSF in the general population and (2) to study the association between Nt‐proBNP and DD‐PSF.Methods and resultsThe current study is a cross‐sectional study conducted on a random sampling of a rural population. Individuals 30–75 years of age were consecutively subjected to conventional echocardiography and tissue velocity imaging. Data were collected on 500 (48%) men and 538 (52%) women (n = 1038). DD‐PSF was the main outcome, and SRH and Nt‐proBNP were the primary indicators. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity were accounted for as major confounders of the association with SRH. DD‐PSF was identified in 137 individuals, namely, 79 men (15.8%) and 58 women (10.8%). In a multivariate regression model, SRH (OR 2.95; 95% CI 1.02–8.57) and Nt‐proBNP (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1 OR 4.23; 95% CI 1.74–10.26) were both independently associated with DD‐PSF.ConclusionsSRH, evaluated based on a descriptive question on general health, should be included in the diagnostic process of DD‐PSF. In agreement with previous studies, our study confirms that Nt‐proBNP is a major indicator of DD‐PSF.
The Objective and Subjective Caregiving Burden and Caregiving Behaviours of Parents of Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Rhind Charlotte , Salerno Laura , Hibbs Rebecca , Micali Nadia , Schmidt Ulrike , Gowers Simon , Macdonald Pamela , Goddard Elizabeth , Todd Gillian , Tchanturia Kate , Lo Coco Gianluca , Treasure Janet 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to examine caregiving burden and levels of distress, accommodating behaviours, expressed emotion (EE) and carers' skills, in parents of adolescents with anorexia nervosa.MethodA semi‐structured interview assessed the objective burden (time spent across caregiving tasks) in parents (n = 196) of adolescents (n = 144) receiving outpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa. Subjective burden (carers' distress), accommodating behaviours, EE and carers' skills were measured by self‐report.ResultsMothers, on average, spent 2.5 h/day of care, mainly providing food and emotional support, compared with 1 h/day by fathers. The level of distress and accommodating behaviour was significantly lower in fathers than in mothers. Accommodating behaviours mediated the relationship between objective burden and subjective burden in mothers, whereas EE and carers' skills did not mediate this relationship for either parent.DiscussionThe objective burden for most mothers is high. In order to reduce subjective burden, it may be helpful to target accommodating behaviours.Trial RegistrationISRCTN83003225 ‐ Expert Carers Helping Others (ECHO). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association
Assessing the risks of pesticides to threatened and endangered species using population modeling: A critical review and recommendations for future work
Authors: Forbes Valery E. , Galic Nika , Schmolke Amelie , Vavra Janna , Pastorok Rob , Thorbek Pernille 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

United States legislation requires the US Environmental Protection Agency to ensure that pesticide use does not cause unreasonable adverse effects on the environment, including species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA; hereafter referred to as listed species). Despite a long history of population models used in conservation biology and resource management and a 2013 report from the US National Research Council recommending their use, application of population models for pesticide risk assessments under the ESA has been minimal. The pertinent literature published from 2004 to 2014 was reviewed to explore the availability of population models and their frequency of use in listed species risk assessments. The models were categorized in terms of structure, taxonomic coverage, purpose, inputs and outputs, and whether the models included density dependence, stochasticity, or risk estimates, or were spatially explicit. Despite the widespread availability of models and an extensive literature documenting their use in other management contexts, only 2 of the approximately 400 studies reviewed used population models to assess the risks of pesticides to listed species. This result suggests that there is an untapped potential to adapt existing models for pesticide risk assessments under the ESA, but also that there are some challenges to do so for listed species. Key conclusions from the analysis are summarized, and priorities are recommended for future work to increase the usefulness of population models as tools for pesticide risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1904–1913. © 2016 SETAC
Flexibler Einwanderer
Authors: Winkelmann Carola 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGewässerökologie in Elbe und Rhein: Der Große Höckerflohkrebs, auch „killer shrimp”︁ genannt, verfolgt offenbar verschiedene Überlebensstrategien. Je nach Umgebung und Umweltbedingungen kann er sein Jagd‐ und Fressverhalten ändern.
Kein Segen, nirgends
Authors: Behrends Andrea 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie alte landwirtschaftliche Produktionsweise mit der neuen Erdölförderung zu verbinden — darauf setzt die politische Klasse im zentralafrikanischen Tschad. Doch die Erdölwirtschaft fordert einen hohen Preis: vergiftete Böden, ausgehöhltes Landrecht und gesellschaftliche Verwerfungen. Ethnologen beobachten ein Land im sozialen und kulturellen Umbruch.
Verantwortete Freiheit
Authors: Strohschneider Peter 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie kritische Selbstreflexion der eigenen Möglichkeiten und Begrenztheiten ist eine Daueraufgabe für jeden Einzelnen im Wissenschaftssystem wie für das System als Ganzes — auch und gerade in Zeiten immer schnellerer Veränderungen in der Wissenschaft und ihren Umgebungen. Eine Wortmeldung aus Anlass der diesjährigen Verleihung der Leibniz‐Preise.
Der Patron hätte seine Freude gehabt
Authors: Finetti Marco 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAuch ohne Exzellenzinitiative im Fokus — von „exzellenten Preis‐Leistungs‐Verhältnissen”︁ einst und jetzt war bei der Festveranstaltung gleich mehrfach und mit Fug und Recht die Rede.
Im Steigflug
Authors: Radespiel Rolf 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLärmarme Verkehrsflugzeuge mit Kurzstart‐ und ‐landefähigkeiten — ist das nur ein Traum? Innovative Hochauftriebssysteme sollen helfen, maßgeschneiderte Eigenschaften und effiziente Technologien zu schaffen. Dafür arbeiten Ingenieurwissenschaftler aus Flugphysik, Materialwissenschaften und Simulationstechnik Hand in Hand.
Improved Halogenation of Methyl Aromatics and Methyl Heteroaromatics: Unexpected Reactivity of Tetrahalogeno‐diphenylglycolurils
Authors: Moretti Florian , Poisson Guillaume , Marsura Alain 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT1,3,4,6‐Tetrachloro (TCDGU) and 1,3,4,6‐tetrabromo‐3α,6α‐diphenylglycolurils smooth halogen oxidizers have been exploited in a new direction as reagents for free radical substitution toward someN‐halosuccinimide nonreactivebis‐heterocycles. An unexpected selectivity and reactivity were observed with methyl benzenes, methyl heterocycles, and methyl‐bis‐heterocycles of interest. A chemometric study has been performed to optimize five independent factors of the chlorination reaction with TCDGU. The predictive model was established either for the halogenation conversion and the ratio of monochlorination.
Analysis of Consumer Value Using Semantic Network: The Comparison of Hierarchical and Nonhierarchical Value Structures
Authors: Kim Ga‐Won , Hyoun Lim Ji , Hwan Yun Myung 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study compares the value structure of consumers derived from a nonhierarchical method that only requires grouping similar components and a hierarchical method that needs additional steps to classify components into the levels of abstraction, using semantic network analysis. The overall process of understanding consumers’ value structure consists of data collection, data structuring, and network analysis using UCINET 6.0. A case study was conducted to identify the value structure of teenage Internet use behavior. Based on the relative ranking of words with the smallest farness from others, the nonhierarchical method showed “beauty” as the key value of teenagers, while the hierarchical method revealed “warm relationship” as the critical value in their use of the Internet. This nonhierarchical method showed the ability to elicit more diverse values, depending on the characteristics of consumer groups when compared with conventional hierarchical method. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Costs of hospital services in Jordan
Authors: Hammad Eman A , Fardous Taissir , Abbadi Ibrahim 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundPolicy makers are on quest for estimates of health costs to achieve maximum efficiency and sustainability. In Jordan, there is a scarcity of information on hospital service costs.AimThe purpose of this study was to estimate the direct cost of hospital services in one of the biggest public hospitals in Amman, Jordan.MethodsA retrospective analysis forms a 400‐bed public urban hospital. Costs were estimated in Jordanian dinars (JD) (exchange rate was US$1.41).ResultsInpatient costs contributed to 50% of all costs whilst outpatient clinics consumed 17%. Average cost per admission was JD 481.6 (US$674.2), JD 106.7 (US$149.3) per inpatient day and JD 63.1 (US$88.3) per bed day. The average cost per visit to emergency room was JD 14.1 s (US$19.7). Cost per visit to ambulatory care services ranged between JD 37.3 and 473 (US$52.6–662.2). The average cost per surgery was JD 322.1 (US$454.2).ConclusionsWith high health costs, areas for improvements in efficiency and cost savings must be identified and discussed with managers and policy makers. A larger‐scale study is advocated to understand the costs of various health providers such as military, teaching and private hospitals.
Identification of changes in floods and flood regimes in Canada using a peaks over threshold approach
Authors: Burn Donald H. , Whitfield Paul H. , Sharif Mohammed 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRecent flood events in Canada have led to speculation that changes in flood behaviour are occurring; these changes have often been attributed to climate change. This paper examines flood data for a collection of 132 gauging stations in Canada. All of these watersheds are part of the Canadian Reference Hydrometric Basin Network (RHBN), a group of gauging stations specifically assembled to assist in the identification of the impacts of climate change. The RHBN stations are considered to have good quality data and were screened to avoid the influences of regulation, diversions, or land use change. Daily flow data for each watershed are used to derive a peaks over threshold (POT) dataset. Several measures of flood behaviour are examined based on the POT data, which afford a more in‐depth analysis of flood behaviour than can be obtained using annual maxima data. Analysis is conducted for four time periods ranging from 50 to 80 years in duration; the latter period results in a much smaller number of watersheds that have data for the period. The changes in flood responses of the watersheds are summarized by grouping the watersheds by size (small, medium, and large) and also by hydrologic regime (nival, mixed, and pluvial). The results provide important insights into the nature of the changes that are occurring in flood regimes of Canadian rivers, which include more flood exceedances, reduced maximum flood exceedance magnitudes for snowmelt events, and earlier flood events. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of methods for quantifying surface sublimation over seasonally snow‐covered terrain
Authors: Sexstone Graham A. , Clow David W. , Stannard David I. , Fassnacht Steven R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSnow sublimation can be an important component of the snow‐cover mass balance, and there is considerable interest in quantifying the role of this process within the water and energy balance of snow‐covered regions. In recent years, robust eddy covariance (EC) instrumentation has been used to quantify snow sublimation over snow‐covered surfaces in complex mountainous terrain. However, EC can be challenging for monitoring turbulent fluxes in snow‐covered environments because of intensive data, power, and fetch requirements, and alternative methods of estimating snow sublimation are often relied upon. To evaluate the relative merits of methods for quantifying surface sublimation, fluxes calculated by the EC, Bowen ratio–energy balance (BR), bulk aerodynamic flux (BF), and aerodynamic profile (AP) methods and their associated uncertainty were compared at two forested openings in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Biases between methods are evaluated over a range of environmental conditions, and limitations of each method are discussed. Mean surface sublimation rates from both sites ranged from 0.33 to 0.36 mm day−1, 0.14 to 0.37 mm day−1, 0.10 to 0.17 mm day−1, and 0.03 to 0.10 mm day−1 for the EC, BR, BF and AP methods, respectively. The EC and/or BF methods are concluded to be superior for estimating surface sublimation in snow‐covered forested openings. The surface sublimation rates quantified in this study are generally smaller in magnitude compared with previously published studies in this region and help to refine sublimation estimates for forested openings in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding fen hydrology across multiple scales
Authors: Sampath Prasanna Venkatesh , Liao Hua‐Sheng , Curtis Zachary Kristopher , Herbert Matthew E. , Doran Patrick J. , May Christopher A. , Landis Douglas A. , Li Shu‐Guang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFens, which are among the most biodiverse of wetland types in the USA, typically occur in glacial landscapes characterized by geo‐morphologic variability at multiple spatial scales. As a result, the hydrologic systems that sustain fens are complex and not well understood. Traditional approaches for characterizing such systems use simplifying assumptions that cannot adequately capture the impact of variability in geology and topography. In this study, a hierarchical, multi‐scale groundwater modelling approach coupled with a geologic model is used to understand the hydrology of a fen in Michigan. This approach uses high‐resolution data to simulate the multi‐scale topographic and hydrologic framework and lithologic data from more than 8500 boreholes in a statewide water well database to capture the complex geology. A hierarchy of dynamically linked models is developed that simulates groundwater flow at all scales of interest and to delineate the areas that contribute groundwater to the fen. The results show the fen receiving groundwater from multiple sources: an adjacent wetland, local recharge, a nearby lake and a regional groundwater mound. Water from the regional mound flows to an intermediate source before reaching the fen, forming a ‘cascading’ connection, while other sources provide water through ‘direct’ connections. The regional mound is also the source of water to other fens, streams and lakes in this area, thus creating a large, interconnected hydrologic system that sustains the entire ecosystem. In order to sustainably manage such systems, conservation efforts must include both site‐based protection and management, as well as regional protection and management of groundwater source areas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.