bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Among nurses, how does education level impact professional values? A systematic review
Authors: Sibandze B.T. , Scafide K.N. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundProfessional nursing values have been acknowledged globally as the foundation of daily nursing care practice. Understanding how nurses identify, comprehend and apply their professional nursing values is an important step towards improving nursing practice and patient care quality. Research has demonstrated that nurses' professional values are cultivated during prelicensure academic education.AimThe aim of this systematic review was to determine how level of education affects professional nursing values of clinical practising nurses.MethodsA systematic search of quantitative research published through December 2015 was performed in the following five electronic databases: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Religion and Philosophy Collection. The search was not limited to country of origin. The studies were assessed for methodological quality using established criteria.ResultsOf 1501 articles identified through the literature search, only seven studies met the inclusion criteria with the majority being of good to high quality. Most of the studies found registered nurses pursuing a bachelor of science in nursing or higher had a greater awareness and application of professional values than nurses with lower levels of academic or non‐academic education. Nurses with higher education also embraced professional values as fundamental for quality nursing care practice.Implications for nursing and health policyHealth and academic institutions should support nurses through quality continuing and higher education that reinforces professional values, thus improving the quality of patient care.ConclusionsThe level of nurses' education appears to play an important role in developing both an awareness and an integration of professional values into practice. More research is needed to discover methods that may be used to promote nurses' professional values among nurses already practising clinically.
The role and therapeutic potential of melatonin in age‐related ocular diseases
Authors: Crooke Almudena , Huete‐Toral Fernando , Colligris Basilio , Pintor Jesús 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe eye is continuously exposed to solar UV radiation and pollutants, making it prone to oxidative attacks. In fact, oxidative damage is a major cause of age‐related ocular diseases including cataract, glaucoma, age‐related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. As the nature of lens cells, trabecular meshwork cells, retinal ganglion cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and photoreceptors is postmitotic, autophagy plays a critical role in their cellular homeostasis. In age‐related ocular diseases, this process is impaired, and thus, oxidative damage becomes irreversible. Other conditions such as low‐grade chronic inflammation and angiogenesis also contribute to the development of retinal diseases (glaucoma, age‐related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy). As melatonin is known to have remarkable qualities such as antioxidant/antinitridergic, mitochondrial protector, autophagy modulator, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐angiogenic, it can represent a powerful tool to counteract all these diseases. The present review analyzes the role and therapeutic potential of melatonin in age‐related ocular diseases, focusing on nitro‐oxidative stress, autophagy, inflammation, and angiogenesis mechanisms.
Complications Following the Insertion of Two Synthetic Mid‐urethral Slings and Subsequent Removal
Authors: LEE Dominic , BACSU Chasta , DILLON Benjamin , ZIMMERN Philippe E. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo determine outcomes after removal of two synthetic mid‐urethral slings (MUS) at a tertiary care center.MethodsFollowing IRB approval, a retrospective chart review of non‐neurogenic, symptomatic women requiring re‐operation after ≥2 MUS was performed. Data reviewed by a third party included: demographics, prior anti‐incontinence surgery, complications, pelvic/urinary symptoms, subsequent investigations, surgical repair and outcomes (including UDI‐6/IIQ‐7 questionnaires) at a minimum 6 months follow‐up. Cure was defined as being continent, no dyspareunia, and no additional surgical therapy.ResultsBetween 2007 and 2014, 21 women met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 57 years (range: 40–82) and mean follow‐up was 30.2 months (range: 6–78). The majority of patients presented with one or more symptoms of voiding dysfunction (95%), urinary incontinence (86%), irritative voiding symptoms (62%), dyspareunia (57%), recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) (29%), vaginal extrusion (20%) and erosion involving the urinary tract (5%). Patients had a mean of 2 prior anti‐incontinence procedures (range 2–3). Over two‐thirds had a combination of retropubic and transobturator MUS. Mean number of pre‐operative investigations was 3.5 (1–6) including voiding cystourethrogram, cystoscopy and urodynamics. Two patients had complete remission, 14 partial remission, and five failed. Mean postoperative total UDI‐6 and IIQ‐7 scores at last clinic visit were 10 (range: 0–16/SD 4.1) and 11 (range: 0–28/SD 10.3), respectively.ConclusionThe management of women with suboptimal outcomes following two synthetic MUS from transvaginal excision results in modest symptomatic improvement but low permanent complete remission and frequent need for additional therapies.
Attenuation of short wavelengths alters sleep and the ipRGC pupil response
Authors: Ostrin Lisa A. , Abbott Kaleb S. , Queener Hope M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeExposure to increasing amounts of artificial light during the night may contribute to the high prevalence of reported sleep dysfunction. Release of the sleep hormone melatonin is mediated by the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). This study sought to investigate whether melatonin level and sleep quality can be modulated by decreasing night‐time input to the ipRGCs.MethodsSubjects (ages 17–42, n = 21) wore short wavelength‐blocking glasses prior to bedtime for 2 weeks. The ipRGC‐mediated post illumination pupil response was measured before and after the experimental period. Stimulation was presented with a ganzfeld stimulator, including one‐second and five‐seconds of long and short wavelength light, and the pupil was imaged with an infrared camera. Pupil diameter was measured before, during and for 60 s following stimulation, and the six‐second and 30 s post illumination pupil response and area under the curve following light offset were determined. Subjects wore an actigraph device for objective measurements of activity, light exposure, and sleep. Saliva samples were collected to assess melatonin content. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was administered to assess subjective sleep quality.ResultsSubjects wore the blue‐blocking glasses 3:57 ± 1:03 h each night. After the experimental period, the pupil showed a slower redilation phase, resulting in a significantly increased 30 s post illumination pupil response to one‐second short wavelength light, and decreased area under the curve for one and five‐second short wavelength light, when measured at the same time of day as baseline. Night time melatonin increased from 16.1 ± 7.5 pg mL−1 to 25.5 ± 10.7 pg mL−1 (P < 0.01). Objectively measured sleep duration increased 24 min, from 408.7 ± 44.9 to 431.5 ± 42.9 min (P < 0.001). Mean PSQI score improved from 5.6 ± 2.9 to 3.0 ± 2.2.ConclusionsThe use of short wavelength‐blocking glasses at night increased subjectively measured sleep quality and objectively measured melatonin levels and sleep duration, presumably as a result of decreased night‐time stimulation of ipRGCs. Alterations in the ipRGC‐driven pupil response suggest a shift in circadian phase. Results suggest that minimising short wavelength light following sunset may help in regulating sleep patterns.
Impressive tissue regeneration of severe oral mucositis post stem cell transplantation using cord blood platelet gel
Authors: Piccin Andrea , Rebulla Paolo , Pupella Simonetta , Tagnin Mario , Marano Giuseppe , Di Pierro Angela Maria , Santodirocco Michele , Di Mauro Lazzaro , Beqiri Lisa , Kob Michael , Primerano Marco , Casini Marco , Billio Atto , Eisendle Klaus , Fontanella Fabrizio 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDPlatelet gel from cord blood (CBPG) is a recently developed blood component for topical use. We report a case of life‐threatening mucositis after high‐dose chemotherapy with fotemustine and cytarabine that was successfully treated with CBPG.CASE REPORTA patient with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma who was undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation developed severe oral and esophageal mucositis with severe bacterial sepsis and cytomegalovirus infection, causing prolonged neutropenia. CBPG was topically administered daily to the oral cavity. The CBPG was partially reabsorbed and partially swallowed.RESULTSAfter 8 consecutive days of administration, the patient's oral mucosa markedly improved, showing restitutio ad integrum, and the patient's clinical status progressively improved. No side effects were seen after CBPG application.CONCLUSIONThis case supports the need to conduct controlled studies comparing the efficacy of autologous and allogeneic platelet gel from adult and umbilical cord blood for the topical treatment of severe oral mucositis occurring after high‐dose chemotherapy.
The effect of nail characteristics on surface bacterial counts of surgical personnel before and after scrubbing
Authors: Hardy Jade M. , Owen Tina J. , Martinez Steven A. , Jones Lisa P. , Davis Margaret A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of nail characteristics on bacterial counts on the fingers of surgery personnel.Study designRandomized nonblinded controlled crossover study design.Sample populationVeterinary students, small animal surgery technicians, small animal surgery interns/residents, and small animal surgery faculty in a veterinary teaching hospital (n = 21).MethodsSubjects were randomized into one of 2 groups; group 1 wore nail polish (P) for 1 week and group 2 (control) had nonpolished (NP) fingernails. Each subject changed groups the following week. Fingernail lengths were measured each day and fingernail samples were collected before and after presurgical scrub and after surgery. Total bacterial counts (TBC) and suspected staphylococci were counted on blood agar media and mannitol salt agar. The association between bacterial counts and nail biting, position of the volunteer, duration of the surgery, whether the nail polish was chipped, duration of nail polish application, type of surgery, and handedness was tested. Log‐transformed CFU counts were compared with a Student's t test and presence or absence of bacteria were compared using Fisher's exact test.ResultsTBC, quantities of staphylococci, other gram‐positive organisms, and gram‐negative bacilli did not differ between P and NP personnel. The only variable associated with higher bacterial counts consisted of nail lengths greater than 2 mm.ConclusionNail polish did not influence bacterial counts and types of isolates, but nail length is a risk factor for increased bacterial counts. Based on our results, we recommend that nail length be kept under 2 mm.
Iterative Assessment of Statistically-Oriented and Standard Algorithms for Determining Muscle Onset with Intramuscular Electromyography
Authors: Tenan Matthew S. , Tweedell Andrew J. , Haynes Courtney A. 
Published: June 2017

The onset of muscle activity, as measured by electromyography (EMG), is a commonly applied metric in biomechanics. Intramuscular EMG is often used to examine deep musculature and there are currently no studies examining the effectiveness of algorithms for intramuscular EMG onset. The present study examines standard surface EMG onset algorithms (linear envelope, Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator, and sample entropy) and novel algorithms (time series mean-variance analysis, sequential/batch processing with parametric and nonparametric methods, and Bayesian changepoint analysis). Thirteen male and 5 female subjects had intramuscular EMG collected during isolated biceps brachii and vastus lateralis contractions, resulting in 103 trials. EMG onset was visually determined twice by 3 blinded reviewers. Since the reliability of visual onset was high (ICC(1,1): 0.92), the mean of the 6 visual assessments was contrasted with the algorithmic approaches. Poorly performing algorithms were stepwise eliminated via (1) root mean square error analysis, (2) algorithm failure to identify onset/premature onset, (3) linear regression analysis, and (4) Bland-Altman plots. The top performing algorithms were all based on Bayesian changepoint analysis of rectified EMG and were statistically indistinguishable from visual analysis. Bayesian changepoint analysis has the potential to produce more reliable, accurate, and objective intramuscular EMG onset results than standard methodologies.
Translation Initiation from Conserved Non-AUG Codons Provides Additional Layers of Regulation and Coding Capacity
Authors: Ivanov Ivaylo P. , Wei Jiajie , Caster Stephen Z. , Smith Kristina M. , Michel Audrey M. , Zhang Ying , Firth Andrew E. , Freitag Michael , Dunlap Jay C. , Bell-Pedersen Deborah , Atkins John F. , Sachs Matthew S. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Neurospora crassa cpc-1
and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae GCN4
are homologs specifying transcription activators that drive the transcriptional response to amino acid limitation. The
cpc-1
mRNA contains two upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in its >700-nucleotide (nt) 5′ leader, and its expression is controlled at the level of translation in response to amino acid starvation. We used
N. crassa
cell extracts and obtained data indicating that
cpc-1
uORF1 and uORF2 are functionally analogous to
GCN4
uORF1 and uORF4, respectively, in controlling translation. We also found that the 5′ region upstream of the main coding sequence of the
cpc-1
mRNA extends for more than 700 nucleotides without any in-frame stop codon. For 100
cpc-1
homologs from Pezizomycotina and from selected Basidiomycota, 5′ conserved extensions of the CPC1 reading frame are also observed. Multiple non-AUG near-cognate codons (NCCs) in the CPC1 reading frame upstream of uORF2, some deeply conserved, could potentially initiate translation. At least four NCCs initiated translation
in vitro
.
In vivo
data were consistent with initiation at NCCs to produce N-terminally extended
N. crassa
CPC1 isoforms. The pivotal role played by CPC1, combined with its translational regulation by uORFs and NCC utilization, underscores the emerging significance of noncanonical initiation events in controlling gene expression.

IMPORTANCE
There is a deepening and widening appreciation of the diverse roles of translation in controlling gene expression. A central fungal transcription factor, the best-studied example of which is
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
GCN4, is crucial for the response to amino acid limitation. Two upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the GCN4 mRNA are critical for controlling GCN4 synthesis. We observed that two uORFs in the corresponding
Neurospora crassa cpc-1
mRNA appear functionally analogous to the GCN4 uORFs. We also discovered that, surprisingly, unlike GCN4, the CPC1 coding sequence extends far upstream from the presumed AUG start codon with no other in-frame AUG codons. Similar extensions were seen in homologs from many filamentous fungi. We observed that multiple non-AUG near-cognate codons (NCCs) in this extended reading frame, some conserved, initiated translation to produce longer forms of CPC1, underscoring the significance of noncanonical initiation in controlling gene expression.
The taxonomy and phylogeny of
Diopecephalus kochi
(Wagner, 1837) and ‘
Germanodactylus rhamphastinus
’ (Wagner, 1851)
Authors: Vidovic Steven U. , Martill David M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

The Solnhofen pterosaurs
Pterodactylus antiquus
,
Aerodactylus scolopaciceps
,
Diopecephalus kochi
,
Germanodactylus cristatus
and
Germanodactylus rhamphastinus
all have complicated taxonomic histories. Species originally placed in the genus
Pterodactylus
, such as
Aerodactylus scolopaciceps
,
Ardeadactylus longicollum
,
Cycnorhamphus suevicus
and
Germanodactylus cristatus
possess apomorphies not observed in the type species of
Pterodactylus
, and consequently have been placed in new genera. The affinities of another Solnhofen pterosaur previously placed in
Pterodactylus
,
Diopecephalus kochi
, are less clear. It has been proposed that
D. kochi
is a juvenile specimen of
Pterodactylus antiquus
, or perhaps ‘
Germanodactylus rhamphastinus
’ specimens are mature examples of
D. kochi
. Furthermore, studies have suggested that ‘
Germanodactylus rhamphastinus
’ is not congeneric with the type species of
Germanodactylus.
Geometric morphometric analysis of prepubes and a cladistic analysis of the Pterosauria elucidate plesiomorphic and apomorphic conditions for basal Jurassic pterodactyloids.
Germanodactylus
is found to be a monotypic genus and
Pterodactylus
,
Diopecephalus
, and ‘
G. rhamphastinus
’ are found as distinct taxa belonging in individual genera, diagnosable using a combination of characters. Thus,
Diopecephalus kochi
is not demonstrated to be congeneric with
Germanodactylus
or
Pterodactylus
and is maintained as a valid taxon. ‘
G. rhamphastinus
’ is readily distinguishable from other Solnhofen pterosaur taxa, and a new genus is erected for its reception.
Assessment of Social Vulnerability to Floods in the Floodplain of Northern Italy
Authors: Roder G. , Sofia G. , Wu Z. , Tarolli P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPractices for reducing the impacts of floods are becoming more and more advanced, centered on communities and reaching out to vulnerable populations. Vulnerable individuals are characterized by social and economic attributes and by societal dynamics rooted in each community. These indicators can magnify the negative impacts of disasters together with the capacity of each individual to cope with these events. The Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) provides an empirical basis to compare social differences in various spatial scenarios and for specific environmental hazards. This research shows the application of the SoVI to the floodplain of northern Italy, based on the use of 15 census variables. The chosen study area is of particular interest for the high occurrence of flood events coupled with a high level of human activity, landscape transformations, and an elevated concentration of assets and people. The analysis identified a positive spatial autocorrelation across the floodplain that translates into the spatial detection of vulnerable groups, those that are likely to suffer the most from floods. In a second stage, the output of the index was superimposed on the flood hazard map of the study area to analyze the resulting risk. The Piemonte and Veneto regions contain the main areas prone to flood “social” risk, highlighting the need for a cohesive management approach at all levels to recognize local capacities and increase communication, awareness, and preparedness to mitigate the undesirable effects of such events.
Effects of bilirubin photoisomers on the measurement of direct bilirubin by the bilirubin oxidase method
Authors: Okada Hitoshi , Kawada Kou , Itoh Susumu , Ozaki Miyo , Kakutani Isami , Arai Takeshi , Koyano Kosuke , Yasuda Saneyuki , Iwase Takashi , Murao Koji , Kusaka Takashi 
Published: June 2017

Background We occasionally encounter increases in direct bilirubin value on reanalysis of the surplus serum collected in the past from a neonate with indirect hyperbilirubinemia. But the details of this phenomenon are unclear. We evaluated the change of direct bilirubin and the relation of bilirubin photoisomer of the serum exposed to room light. Methods Surplus serum samples from neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia were exposed to room light for 24 h. The bilirubin fraction assay of samples was performed by the bilirubin oxidase method (Nescauto and Aqua-auto Kainos reagent) and high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Direct bilirubin increased significantly from 0.61 to 2.36 mg/dL. The respective ratios of bilirubin photoisomers before and after exposure were as follows: cyclobilirubin (0.007 to 0.29) and (EZ)-bilirubin (0.018 to 0.041) increased significantly, (ZZ)-bilirubin decreased 0.84 to 0.55 significantly. The difference of the cyclobilirubin concentration was most closely associated with those of the direct bilirubin concentration. Conclusion Direct bilirubin value was increased after exposure to the room light, and increase in direct bilirubin was significantly correlated by cyclobilirubin increase in the serum samples from neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia.
Risk of Engagement of Bipolar Bone Defects in Posterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Moroder Philipp , Plachel Fabian , Tauber Mark , Habermeyer Peter , Imhoff Andreas , Liem Dennis , Lill Helmut , Resch Herbert , Gerhardt Christian , Scheibel Markus 
Published: June 2017

Background: The risk of re-engagement of bipolar bone defects in posterior shoulder instability has not yet been investigated. Hypothesis: Posterior glenoid defects can lead to the engagement of supposedly noncritical reverse Hill-Sachs lesions (RHSLs). Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: In a retrospective multicenter study, 102 cases of posterior shoulder dislocations and resulting RHSLs were collected. Of these cases, all patients with available computed tomography (CT) scans, with a reduced shoulder joint, and without bony posterior glenoid rim defects or concomitant dislocated fractures of the humeral head were included. The gamma angle (measure of the critical size and localization of RHSLs) and the delta angle (measure of the degree of internal rotation necessary for engagement to occur) of the RHSLs were determined on standardized CT scans. Virtual posterior glenoid defects were created, and the effect of increasing defect size on the delta angle was determined. Results: The mean gamma angle of the 19 patients included in this study was 94.5° (range, 69.7°-124.8°). After creation of the virtual posterior glenoid defects, a mean reduction of the delta angle by 2.3° ± 0.2° (range, 1.9°-2.9°) per millimeter defect was observed. The cumulative change in the delta angle showed a highly significant correlation with the absolute and relative size of the glenoid defect ( R = 0.982, P < .001 and R = 0.974, P < .001, respectively). Conclusion: Concomitant posterior glenoid defects might lead to the engagement of noncritical RHSLs. When measuring the gamma angle to identify critical RHSLs, posterior glenoid bone loss should be accounted for.