bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of hydroclimatic variability on flood frequency in the Lower Rhine
Authors: Toonen Willem H. J. , Middelkoop Hans , Konijnendijk Tiuri Y. M. , Macklin Mark G. , Cohen Kim M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractClimate change is expected to significantly affect flooding regimes of river systems in the future. For Western Europe, flood risk assessments generally assume an increase in extreme events and flood risk, and as a result major investments are planned to reduce their impacts. However, flood risk assessments for the present day and the near future suffer from uncertainty, coming from short measurements series, limited precision of input data, arbitrary choices for particular statistical and modelling approaches, and climatic non‐stationarities. This study demonstrates how historical and sedimentary information can extend data records, adds important information on extremes, and generally improves flood risk assessments. The collection of specific data on the occurrence and magnitude of extremes and the natural variability of the floods is shown to be of paramount importance to reduce uncertainty in our understanding of flooding regime changes in a changing climate. For the Lower Rhine (the Netherlands and Germany) estimated recurrence times and peak discharges associated with the current protection levels correlate poorly with historical and sedimentary information and seem biased towards the recent multi‐decadal period of increased flood activity. Multi‐decadal and centennial variability in flood activity is recorded in extended series of discharge data, historical information and sedimentary records. Over the last six centuries that variability correlates with components of the Atlantic climate system such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation (AMO). These climatic non‐stationarities importantly influence flood activity and the outcomes of flood risk assessments based on relatively short measurement series. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of processing and storage conditions of cocoyam strips on the quality of fries
Authors: Oguntowo Oyindamola , Obadina Adewale O. , Sobukola Olajide P. , Adegunwa Mojisola O. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe effects of blanching time and temperature on the sensory and textural properties of frozen cocoyam strips were studied for cocoyam varieties. The most preferred variety after sensory evaluation was blanched at 90°C for 5 min, reproduced, and frozen at a temperature of −18°C for storage studies over a period of 12 weeks with Irish potato as control. Sensory evaluation and instrumental texture analysis of frozen fried samples were conducted at 3 weeks intervals for 12 weeks. Sensory evaluation during storage showed no significant difference (P < 0.05) in taste, aroma, and mouth feel attributes between control and cocoyam fries. The sensory score for taste, sogginess, and mouth feel increased while those for aroma and color decreased in comparison with the control fries over storage. The texture increased during storage and for control fries. There was a significant negative correlation between sogginess, hardness, and dry matter, respectively.
Decarboxylase‐positive Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from rabbit meat and their sensitivity to enterocins
Authors: Lauková Andrea , Szabóová Renata , Pleva Pavel , Buňková Leona , Chrastinová Ľubica 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the study was to determine sensitivity of Enterococcus faecium strains from rabbit meat to enterocins.ResultsTwenty‐five decarboxylase‐positive strains (from rabbit meat) allotted to the species E. faecium by genotypization and by MALDI TOF MS spectrometry identification (evaluation score value range 2.104–2.359; in the range for highly probable species identification‐score value 2.300–3.000 and secure probable species identification/probable species identification‐2.000–2.299) were studied. Seventeen strains were gelatinase positive. Although they did not produce histamine (HIS), spermidine, and spermine, they produce at least one among seven tested biogenic amines (BAs) in small amounts (2–10 mg/L) or up to very high amounts (>1000 mg/L). Putrescine was produced by two strains. These decarboxylase‐positive strains were sensitive to enterocins (Ents). All strains were sensitive to Ent 2019 and Ent 55 (inhibitory activity from 200 to 819 200 AU/mL). Twenty‐two strains were inhibited by Ent A(P) and Ent 4231; 20 strains were sensitive to Ent M.ConclusionOur results have spread the basic knowledge related to inhibitory spectrum of enterocins showing sensitivity of decarboxylase‐positive strains to enterocins. Protective possibilities of enterocins in meat processing were also indicated.
Moral judgment in episodic amnesia
Authors: Craver Carl F. , Keven Nazim , Kwan Donna , Kurczek Jake , Duff Melissa C. , Rosenbaum R. Shayna 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTTo investigate the role of episodic thought about the past and future in moral judgment, we administered a well‐established moral judgment battery to individuals with hippocampal damage and deficits in episodic thought (insert Greene et al. 2001). Healthy controls select deontological answers in high‐conflict moral scenarios more frequently when they vividly imagine themselves in the scenarios than when they imagine scenarios abstractly, at some personal remove. If this bias is mediated by episodic thought, individuals with deficits in episodic thought should not exhibit this effect. We report that individuals with deficits in episodic memory and future thought make moral judgments and exhibit the biasing effect of vivid, personal imaginings on moral judgment. These results strongly suggest that the biasing effect of vivid personal imagining on moral judgment is not due to episodic thought about the past and future. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accuracy of Patient and Care Partner Identification of Cognitive Impairments in Parkinson's Disease–Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Copeland Jacquelynn N. , Lieberman Abraham , Oravivattanakul Srivadee , Tröster Alexander I. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundCriteria for Parkinson's disease–mild cognitive impairment require a caregiver or patient complaint or clinician observation of cognitive decline and objective evidence of cognitive deficit in at least 1 of 5 cognitive domains. This study examines the accuracy of Parkinson's disease‐mild cognitive impairment patient and care partner reports of specific cognitive difficulties.MethodsA total of 42 Parkinson's disease–mild cognitive impairment patients and their care partners reported the absence or presence of deficits in each cognitive domain during an interview. A deficit in each domain was defined by scores ≤ 1.5 standard deviations below the mean on corresponding cognitive tests.ResultsSensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were modest for patient and care partner reports across all domains. Patients' and care partners' accuracy in observing objectively identified deficits was poor across all domains (≤ 60% agreement; κ ≤ .07). Patient and care partner reports showed moderate agreement in all domains except attention (≥ 74% agreement; κ ≥ .43).ConclusionsParkinson's disease–mild cognitive impairment patients and their care partners may not be accurate in identifying specific cognitive deficits. Thus, even patients (and care partners) who correctly report having a cognitive deficit may misidentify the specific deficit. The finding supports the value of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Parkinson's disease–Mild Cognitive Impairment Level II assessment and cautions against relying on subjective report or screening in research in which the nature of cognitive deficit identification or treatment is paramount. Overreliance on patient and care partner reports of specific impairments may distort epidemiologic estimates of mild cognitive impairment subtypes and misdirect cognitive rehabilitation at incorrect domains. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
High accuracy equivalent circuit model for GaN GIT bi‐directional switch
Authors: Ide Toshihide , Shimizu Mitsuaki , Shen Xu‐Qiang , Morita Tatsuo , Otsuka Nobuyuki , Ueda Tetsuzo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe simple and high‐accuracy equivalent circuit model for GaN‐GIT bi‐directional switch have been constructed by eliminating the gate resistance dependence from the capacitance parameters and employing the parallel gate resistance circuit with the diode. By the new methods, the calculated waveforms, switching losses and switching times agree well with the experimental ones, and the accuracy between the calculations and the experiments are more than 90%. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and Characterization of GaIII, YIII, and LuIII Complexes with Etifenin and Analogues
Authors: Pfeifer‐Leeg Michel , Szabó Gergely , Baranyai Zsolt , Niksch Tobias , Weigand Wolfgang , Freesmeyer Martin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractComplexes of etifenin (1a), disofenin (1b), and mebrofenin (1c) with GaIII, YIII, and LuIII were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Stability and protonation constants of the complexes of 1a were determined by potentiometry and distribution diagrams were calculated. It was shown that the YIII and LuIII species are most stable as bis chelates at higher pH, whereas the GaIII complex degrades at pH < 4.5.
SIR epidemics on a scale-free spatial nested modular network
Authors: Gandolfi Alberto , Cecconi Lorenzo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We propose a class of random scale-free spatial networks with nested community structures called SHEM and analyze Reed–Frost epidemics with community related independent transmissions. We show that in a specific example of the SHEM the epidemic threshold may be trivial or not as a function of the relation among community sizes, distribution of the number of communities, and transmission rates.
Perturbation analysis of inhomogeneous finite Markov chains
Authors: Heidergott Bernd , Leahu Haralambie , Löpker Andreas , Pflug Georg 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this paper we provide a perturbation analysis of finite time-inhomogeneous Markov processes. We derive closed-form representations for the derivative of the transition probability at time t, with t > 0. Elaborating on this result, we derive simple gradient estimators for transient performance characteristics either taken at some fixed point in time t, or for the integrated performance over a time interval [0 , t]. Bounds for transient performance sensitivities are presented as well. Eventually, we identify a structural property of the derivative of the generator matrix of a Markov chain that leads to a significant simplification of the estimators.
Irreversible investment under Lévy uncertainty: an equation for the optimal boundary
Authors: Ferrari Giorgio , Salminen Paavo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe derive a new equation for the optimal investment boundary of a general irreversible investment problem under exponential Lévy uncertainty. The problem is set as an infinite time-horizon, two-dimensional degenerate singular stochastic control problem. In line with the results recently obtained in a diffusive setting, we show that the optimal boundary is intimately linked to the unique optional solution of an appropriate Bank–El Karoui representation problem. Such a relation and the Wiener–Hopf factorization allow us to derive an integral equation for the optimal investment boundary. In case the underlying Lévy process hits any point inRwith positive probability we show that the integral equation for the investment boundary is uniquely satisfied by the unique solution of another equation which is easier to handle. As a remarkable by-product we prove the continuity of the optimal investment boundary. The paper is concluded with explicit results for profit functions of Cobb–Douglas type and CES type. In the former case the function is separable and in the latter case nonseparable.
Secrecy coverage in two dimensions
Authors: Sarkar Amites 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Working in the infinite plane R2, consider a Poisson process of black points with intensity 1, and an independent Poisson process of red points with intensity λ. We grow a disc around each black point until it hits the nearest red point, resulting in a random configuration Aλ, which is the union of discs centered at the black points. Next, consider a fixed disc of area n in the plane. What is the probability pλ(n) that this disc is covered by Aλ? We prove that if λ3nlogn = y then, for sufficiently large n, e-8π2y ≤ pλ(n) ≤ e-2π2y/3. The proofs reveal a new and surprising phenomenon, namely, that the obstructions to coverage occur on a wide range of scales.
Optimal stopping rule for the full-information duration problem with random horizon
Authors: Tamaki Mitsushi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The full-information duration problem with a random number N of objects is considered. These objects appear sequentially and their values Xk are observed, where Xk, independent of N, are independent and identically distributed random variables from a known continuous distribution. The objective of the problem is to find a stopping rule that maximizes the duration of holding a relative maximum (e.g. the kth object is a relative maximum if Xk = max{X1, X2, . . ., Xk}). We assume that N is a random variable with a known upper bound n, so two models, Model 1 and Model 2, can be considered according to whether the planning horizon is N or n. The structure of the optimal rule, which depends on the prior distribution assumed on N, is examined. The monotone rule is defined and a necessary and sufficient condition for the optimal rule to be monotone is given for both models. Special attention is paid to the class of priors such that N / n converges, as n → ∞, to a random variable Vm having density fVm(v) = m(1 - v)m-1, 0 ≤ v ≤ 1 for a positive integer m. An interesting feature is that the optimal duration (relative to n) for Model 2 is just (m + 1) times as large as that for Model 1 asymptotically.
Taking Technology to Task: Technology-Mediated TBLT, Performance, and Production
Authors: Ziegler Nicole 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTOver the last few decades, task-based language teaching (TBLT) has garnered increasing attention from researchers and educators alike. With a strong and growing body of research demonstrating the efficacy of tasks to support and facilitate second language development and performance (e.g., Keck, Iberri-Shea, Tracy-Ventura, & Wa-Mbaleka, 2006), TBLT has become a leading pedagogical approach. Similarly, computer-assisted language learning (CALL) has also grown as a field, with the use and integration of technology in the classroom continuing to increase (Petersen & Sachs, 2015). As these fields have matured, a reciprocal relationship has developed (Lai & Li, 2011), with the literature on tasks and technology seeking to not only examine how technology might support and facilitate language learning, but how TBLT might serve as a framework to more thoroughly investigate CALL. In light of the expanding research on tasks and technology, this review article aims not only to provide a current state of the art of how technology-mediated TBLT facilitates and supports second language development and performance, but also to describe how technology can contribute to our understanding of how features of TBLT, such as task design features and task implementation, influence the success of second language acquisition. Suggestions for possible research agendas in technology-mediated TBLT are also made.
The Galactic Bar
Authors: Gerhard Ortwin , Binney James , Zhao Hongsheng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe summarize recent work on the structure and dynamics of the Galactic bar and inner disk. Current work focusses on constructing a quantitative model which integrates NIR photometry, source count observations, gas kinematics, stellar dynamical observations, and microlensing. Some avenues for future research are discussed.
The Legends of Vasiṣṭha – A Note on the Vedāṅga Astronomy
Authors: Ôhashi Yukio 
Published: March 2016

In this paper, I would like to discuss some topics about the Vedāṅga astronomy, which is a kind of ancient Indian astronomy.The Vedāṅga (limb of the Veda) is a class of works regarded as auxiliary to the Veda. It consists of six divisions, one of which is astronomy (jyotiŢa).
Heating of Chromospheres and Coronae
Authors: Ulmschneider P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlmost all nondegenerate stars have chromospheres and coronae. These hot outer layers are produced by mechanical heating. The heating mechanisms of chromospheres and coronae, classified as hydrodynamic and magnetic mechanisms, are reviewed here. Both types of mechanisms can be further subdivided on basis of the fluctuation frequency into acoustic and pulsational waves for hydrodynamic and into AC- and DC-mechanisms for magnetic heating. Intense heating is usually associated with the formation of very small spatial scales, which are difficult to observe. Yet, global stellar observations, because of the dependence of the mechanical energy generation on the basic stellar parameters (Teff, gravity, rotation, metallicity) can be extremely important to identify the dominant heating mechanisms.
Training in Astronomy
Authors: Gerbaldi M. 
Published: March 2016

Astronomy offers a unique opportunity for promoting the science teaching in its present crisis. Astronomy can be introduced at various levels and become the medium by which both primary science education and public understanding of science are stimulated.At the University level, astronomy can be introduced in the curricula of university colleges and be a subject for M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees. Astronomy, can give students the opportunity to work scientifically from observations and known physical laws in order to derive knowledge in another field of science. Astronomy can be taught with less formalism and more experimentation, giving students a feel for the link between a phenomenon and its theoretical representation, and how and why a given observation can be represented by different theoretical models.
Properties of OH Megamaser Galaxies
Authors: Kandalyan Rafik 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn analysis of a sample of OH megamaser galaxies is presented. It is shown that the dependence of OH luminosity on FIR (far infrared) luminosity is not quadratic, as previously assumed, but closer to linear. Using a luminosity function of the luminous infrared galaxies, as well as linear relationship between OH and FIR luminosities the expected number of OH megamaser galaxies has been estimated. Spectral energy distributions (SED) of 16 megamaser galaxies have been constructed using multiwavelength (from radio to X-ray) data. The SED of megamasers look closely similar from radio to X-ray. It is shown that the maser amplification coefficient depends both on the OH main line to 60 micron ratio and the main line to 2.2 micron ratio. The OH main lines ratio (f1667/f1665) decreases, while the flux density at 10 micron is increasing.
H2O Megamasers and Black Holes
Authors: Moran J. M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTwenty-one H2O masers have been identified in the nuclei of active galaxies. The detection rate is about 7 percent. Very Long Baseline Interferometric data of four of these maser systems (NGC 4258, NGC 1068, NGC 4945, and NGC 3079) show evidence of Keplerian disks on a subparsec scale. The best example is NGC 4258. There the masers trace a thin warped disk in nearly perfect circular Keplerian motion. If the apparent thinness is indicative of hydrostatic equilibrium, then the kinetic temperature must be less than 1000K, the magnetic field less than 200 mG, and the mass accretion rate less than about α10-3 M⊙/yr, where a is the viscosity parameter. From direct Zeeman measurements the toroidal magnetic field strength is less than 300 mG. The proper motions of the systemic maser feature imply a distance to the galaxy of 7.3 ± 0.3 Mpc. The high-velocity features show no detectable proper motions or accelerations, which confirms the model of circular Keplerian motion, and puts severe constraints on any alternative model. A feature in the systemic group flared to 20 Jy, offering opportunities to study the physics of the maser emission.
Pumping of H2O Megamasers
Authors: Elitzur Moshe 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStrong H2O maser emission is detected from active galactic nuclei (AGN) as well as Galactic objects such as star-forming regions and late-type stars. In spite of the widely different luminosities of the different masers, a common pump mechanism seems adequate: neutral collisions at densities of ˜ 108-1010 cm-3 and temperatures of ˜ 250-500 K. The different properties of the various masers can be attributed to geometry. Although disk rotation controls the AGN maser geometry it does not directly determine the dimensions. X-ray radiation and spiral shocks have been suggested as the heating sources of H2O megamasers. Both are capable of explaining the observations, and the radiative scenario seems best understood in terms of chance alignment of standard broad-line-region clouds. It is not yet clear whether these different proposals produce distinct maser signatures.
The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO): Overview and Status
Authors: Kessler M.F. 
Published: March 2016

The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) is a cryogenically-cooled satellite giving the astronomical community, for the first time, the capability of making detailed observations at infrared wavelengths (2.5-240 ˜m) with a sophisticated and sensitive set of observatory-class instruments for a period in excess of two years.The proposal for ISO was made to ESA in 1979 and it was selected in 1983 to be the next new start. The instruments were chosen in 1985 and ISO’s main industrial development started in 1988. Launch took place in November 1995 and the helium coolant is expected to last until April 1998. The calibration and data analysis will be improved during the post-operations phase, which is funded to the end of 2001.
Simuliertes Glücksspiel
Authors: Meyer Gerhard , Brosowski Tim , Meduna Marc von , Hayer Tobias 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung. In internetbasierten sozialen Netzwerken, in Form von Demoversionen kommerzieller Spielangebote sowie Computer- und Videospielen erfreuen sich simulierte Glücksspiele, die aufgrund fehlender Geldeinsätze die formal-juristischen Kriterien für ein Glücksspiel nicht erfüllen und damit bspw. keinen Altersrestriktionen unterliegen, wachsender Beliebtheit. Ziel des Beitrages ist es, die mutmaßlichen gesundheitsrelevanten Gefährdungspotenziale dieser Spielformen durch eine Literaturrecherche aufzuzeigen, den aktuellen Kenntnisstand anhand der vorliegenden empirischen Befunde systematisch zusammenzufassen sowie mögliche Forschungslücken zu identifizieren. Die Datenbanken PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycInfo und Web of Science wurden anhand relevanter Schlagwörter nach peer-reviewten, empirischen Beiträgen durchsucht und um Dissertationen und Marktanalysen ergänzt. Insgesamt sind 56 Fundstellen in die Analyse eingeflossen. Querschnittbefragungen aus verschiedenen Ländern bestätigen die Attraktivität der Angebote, insbesondere für Kinder und Jugendliche. Während spielimmanente Faktoren wie gesteuerte Spielausgänge offenbar die Spiellust und kognitive Verzerrungsmuster fördern, bestätigt eine erste Längsschnittstudie den prädiktiven Wert von Mikrotransaktionen für den Umstieg von simuliertem zu klassischem Glücksspiel. Derartige Migrationsprozesse werden durch gezielte Werbung noch verstärkt. Ob von der Einbindung sozialer Komponenten risikoerhöhende Effekte ausgehen, muss zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt offen bleiben. Weitere Befunde liegen zu Teilnahmemotiven, Konsummustern, Komorbiditäten und potentiellen Positiveffekten vor. Die Erhebung empirischer Daten zu psychosozialen Auswirkungen simulierter Glücksspiele stellt eine wichtige Aufgabe zukünftiger Forschung dar, um wissenschaftlich abgesicherte Forderungen zu notwendigen Präventions- und Regulierungsmaßnahmen dieser Angebote aufstellen zu können.