bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neomorphosis and heterochrony of skull shape in dog domestication
Authors: Geiger Madeleine , Evin Allowen , Sánchez-Villagra Marcelo R. , Gascho Dominic , Mainini Cornelia , Zollikofer Christoph P. E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe overall similarity of the skull shape of some dog breeds with that of juvenile wolves begs the question if and how ontogenetic changes such as paedomorphosis (evolutionary juvenilisation) played a role in domestication. Here we test for changes in patterns of development and growth during dog domestication. We present the first geometric morphometric study using ontogenetic series of dog and wolf crania, and samples of dogs with relatively ancestral morphology and from different time periods. We show that patterns of juvenile-to-adult morphological change are largely similar in wolves and domestic dogs, but differ in two ways. First, dog skulls show unique (neomorphic) features already shortly after birth, and these features persist throughout postnatal ontogeny. Second, at any given age, juvenile dogs exhibit skull shapes that resemble those of consistently younger wolves, even in dog breeds that do not exhibit a ‘juvenilized’ morphology as adults. These patterns exemplify the complex nature of evolutionary changes during dog domestication: the cranial morphology of adult dogs cannot simply be explained as either neomorphic or paedomorphic. The key to our understanding of dog domestication may lie in a closer comparative examination of developmental phases.
Growth-Induced In-Plane Uniaxial Anisotropy in V2O3/Ni Films
Authors: Gilbert Dustin A. , Ramírez Juan Gabriel , Saerbeck T. , Trastoy J. , Schuller Ivan K. , Liu Kai , de la Venta J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe report on a strain-induced and temperature dependent uniaxial anisotropy in V2O3/Ni hybrid thin films, manifested through the interfacial strain and sample microstructure, and its consequences on the angular dependent magnetization reversal. X-ray diffraction and reciprocal space maps identify the in-plane crystalline axes of the V2O3; atomic force and scanning electron microscopy reveal oriented rips in the film microstructure. Quasi-static magnetometry and dynamic ferromagnetic resonance measurements identify a uniaxial magnetic easy axis along the rips. Comparison with films grown on sapphire without rips shows a combined contribution from strain and microstructure in the V2O3/Ni films. Magnetization reversal characteristics captured by angular-dependent first order reversal curve measurements indicate a strong domain wall pinning along the direction orthogonal to the rips, inducing an angular-dependent change in the reversal mechanism. The resultant anisotropy is tunable with temperature and is most pronounced at room temperature, which is beneficial for potential device applications.
IRE1α/XBP1s branch of UPR links HIF1α activation to mediate ANGII-dependent endothelial dysfunction under particulate matter (PM) 2.5 exposure
Authors: Xu Xiuduan , qimuge Aodeng , Wang Hongli , Xing Chen , Gu Ye , Liu Shasha , Xu Huan , Hu Meiru , Song Lun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractShort- and long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) 2.5 instigates adverse health effect upon the cardiovascular (CV) system. Disclosing the molecular events by which PM2.5 evokes CV injuries is essential in developing effective risk-reduction strategy. Here we found that rats after intratracheally instillation with PM2.5 displayed increased circulating level of ANGII, the major bioactive peptide in renin-angiotensin-system (RAS), which resulted from the elevation of ANGII production in the vascular endothelium. Further investigations demonstrated that activation of IRE1α/XBP1s branch of unfolded protein response (UPR) was essential for augmented vascular ANGII signaling in response to PM2.5 exposure, whose effects strictly depends on the assembly of XBP1s/HIF1α transcriptional complex. Moreover, ablation of IRE1/XBP1/HIFα-dependent ACE/ANGII/AT1R axis activation inhibited oxidative stress and proinflammatory response in the vascular endothelial cells induced by PM2.5. Therefore, we conclude that PM2.5 exposure instigates endoplasmic reticulum instability, leading to the induction of IRE1α/XBP1s branch of UPR and links HIF1α transactivation to mediate ANGII-dependent endothelial dysfunction. Identifying novel therapeutic targets to alleviate ER stress and restore local RAS homeostasis in the endothelium may be helpful for the management of PM2.5-induced CV burden.
Impact of ocean warming on sustainable fisheries management informs the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries
Authors: Serpetti N. , Baudron A. R. , Burrows M. T. , Payne B. L. , Helaouët P. , Fernandes P. G. , Heymans J. J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn integrated ecosystem model including fishing and the impact of rising temperatures, relative to species’ thermal ranges, was used to assess the cumulative effect of future climate change and sustainable levels of fishing pressure on selected target species. Historically, important stocks of cod and whiting showed declining trends caused by high fisheries exploitation and strong top-down control by their main predators (grey seals and saithe). In a no-change climate scenario these stocks recovered under sustainable management scenarios due to the cumulative effect of reduced fishing and predation mortalities cascading through the food-web. However, rising temperature jeopardised boreal stenothermal species: causing severe declines in grey seals, cod, herring and haddock, while eurythermal species were not affected. The positive effect of a higher optimum temperature for whiting, in parallel with declines of its predators such as seals and cod, resulted in a strong increase for this stock under rising temperature scenarios, indicating a possible change in the contribution of stocks to the overall catch by the end of the century. These results highlight the importance of including environmental change in the ecosystem approach to achieve sustainable fisheries management.
Enhancement mechanisms of short-time aerobic digestion for waste activated sludge in the presence of cocoamidopropyl betaine
Authors: Xia Siqing , Zhou Yun , Eustance Everett , Zhang Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCocoamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), which is a biodegradable ampholytic surfactant, has recently been found to dramatically enhance the aerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) in short-time aerobic digestion (STAD) systems. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms in which CAPB enhances WAS aerobic digestion performance. Results showed that CAPB could dramatically enhance the solubilization of soluble proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS), nucleic acids (NA) and humic-like substances (HS) in the STAD system within the initial 2 h. Then PN, PS and NA gradually decreased, while HS showed only minor decease. In addition, CAPB increased the proportion of low MW fractions (<20 kDa) from 4.22% to 39.4%, which are more biodegradable. Specific oxygen uptake rates and dehydrogenase enzyme activity results indicated that CAPB markedly improved the aerobic microorganism activities. Microbial community analyses and principle coordinate analyses (PCoA) revealed that CAPB increased the proportion of some functional microorganisms, including Proteobacteria, Planctomycetales, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Aeromonas. The changes driven by CAPB could explain the enhanced performance of the STAD system for WAS aerobic treatment.
Transcription Factor CTIP1/ BCL11A Regulates Epidermal Differentiation and Lipid Metabolism During Skin Development
Authors: Li Shan , Teegarden Amy , Bauer Emily M. , Choi Jaewoo , Messaddeq Nadia , Hendrix David A. , Ganguli-Indra Gitali , Leid Mark , Indra Arup K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe epidermal permeability barrier (EPB) prevents organisms from dehydration and infection. The transcriptional regulation of EPB development is poorly understood. We demonstrate here that transcription factor COUP-TF-interacting protein 1 (CTIP1/BCL11A; hereafter CTIP1) is highly expressed in the developing murine epidermis. Germline deletion of Ctip1 (Ctip1−/−) results in EPB defects accompanied by compromised epidermal differentiation, drastic reduction in profilaggrin processing, reduced lamellar bodies in granular layers and significantly altered lipid composition. Transcriptional profiling of Ctip1−/− embryonic skin identified altered expression of genes encoding lipid-metabolism enzymes, skin barrier-associated transcription factors and junctional proteins. CTIP1 was observed to interact with genomic elements within the regulatory region of the gene encoding the differentiation-associated gene, Fos-related antigen2 (Fosl2) and lipid-metabolism-related gene, Fatty acid elongase 4 (Elvol4), and the expression of both was altered in Ctip1−/− mice. CTIP1 appears to play a role in EPB establishment of via direct or indirect regulation of a subset of genes encoding proteins involved in epidermal differentiation and lipid metabolism. These results identify potential, CTIP1-regulated avenues for treatment of skin disorders involving EBP defects.
The soothing function of touch: affective touch reduces feelings of social exclusion
Authors: von Mohr Mariana , Kirsch Louise P. , Fotopoulou Aikaterini 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe mammalian need for social proximity, attachment and belonging may have an adaptive and evolutionary value in terms of survival and reproductive success. Consequently, ostracism may induce strong negative feelings of social exclusion. Recent studies suggest that slow, affective touch, which is mediated by a separate, specific C tactile neurophysiological system than faster, neutral touch, modulates the perception of physical pain. However, it remains unknown whether slow, affective touch, can also reduce feelings of social exclusion, a form of social pain. Here, we employed a social exclusion paradigm, namely the Cyberball task (N = 84), to examine whether the administration of slow, affective touch may reduce the negative feelings of ostracism induced by the social exclusion manipulations of the Cyberball task. As predicted, the provision of slow-affective, as compared to fast-neutral, touch led to a specific decrease in feelings of social exclusion, beyond general mood effects. These findings point to the soothing function of slow, affective touch, particularly in the context of social separation or rejection, and suggest a specific relation between affective touch and social bonding.
The effect of insecticide synergist treatment on genome-wide gene expression in a polyphagous pest
Authors: Snoeck Simon , Greenhalgh Robert , Tirry Luc , Clark Richard M. , Van Leeuwen Thomas , Dermauw Wannes 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSynergists can counteract metabolic insecticide resistance by inhibiting detoxification enzymes or transporters. They are used in commercial formulations of insecticides, but are also frequently used in the elucidation of resistance mechanisms. However, the effect of synergists on genome-wide transcription in arthropods is poorly understood. In this study we used Illumina RNA-sequencing to investigate genome-wide transcriptional responses in an acaricide resistant strain of the spider miteTetranychus urticaeupon exposure to synergists such as S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), diethyl maleate (DEM), piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and cyclosporin A (CsA). Exposure to PBO and DEF resulted in a broad transcriptional response and about one third of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and UDP-glycosyltransferases, was shared between both treatments, suggesting common transcriptional regulation. Moreover, both DEF and PBO induced genes that are strongly implicated in acaricide resistance in the respective strain. In contrast, CsA treatment mainly resulted in downregulation of Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) genes, while DEGs of the DEM treatment were not significantly enriched for any GO-terms.
Effect of surface and internal defects on the mechanical properties of metallic glasses
Authors: Kim Sunghwan , Ryu Seunghwa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDespite the significance of surface effects on the deformation behaviours of small-scale metallic glasses, systematic investigations on surface states are lacking. In this work, by employing atomistic simulations, we characterise the distributions of local inhomogeneity near surfaces created by casting and cutting, along with internal distributions in pristine and irradiated bulk specimens, and investigate the effects of inhomogeneity on the mechanical properties. The cast surface shows enhanced yield strength and degrees of shear localisation, while the cut surface shows the opposite effects, although the fraction of vibrational soft spots, known to indicate low-energy barriers for local rearrangement, is high near both surfaces. Correspondingly, plastic deformation is initiated near the cut surface, but far from the cast surface. We reveal that improved local orientational symmetry promotes strengthening in cast surfaces and originates from the effectively lower quenching rate due to faster diffusion near the surface. However, a significant correlation among vibrational soft spots, local symmetries, and the degree of shear localisation is found for the pristine and irradiated bulk materials. Our findings reveal the sensitivity of the surface state to the surface preparation methods, and indicate that particular care must be taken when studying metallic glasses containing free surfaces.
Fluorescence-coded DNA Nanostructure Probe System to Enable Discrimination of Tumor Heterogeneity via a Screening of Dual Intracellular microRNA Signatures in situ
Authors: Shin Seung Won , Lee Byoung Sang , Yang Kisuk , Amornkitbamrung Lunjakorn , Jang Min Su , Ku Bo Mi , Cho Seung-Woo , Lee Jung Heon , Bae Hojae , Oh Byung-Keun , Ahn Myung-Ju , Lim Yong Taik , Um Soong Ho 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSince the delivery kinetics of different cell types are different, the signal from the target cell is greatly affected by the noise signal of the diagnostic system. This is a major obstacle hindering the practical application of intracellular diagnostic systems, such as tumor heterogeneity. To address these issues, here we present a microRNA detection platform using fluorescence-encoded nanostructured DNA-based probes. The nanostructured DNA was designed to include molecular beacons for detecting cytosolic microRNA as well as additional fluorophores. When the intracellular diagnostic system is delivered, fluorescence signals are generated by the molecular beacons, depending on the concentration of the target microRNA. The fluorescence signals are then normalized to the intensity of the additional fluorophore. Through this simple calculation, the concentration of intracellular microRNA can be determined without interference from the diagnosis system itself. And also it enabled discrimination of microRNA expression heterogeneity in five different breast cancer cell lines.
Understanding pup affective state through ethologically significant ultrasonic vocalization frequency
Authors: Boulanger-Bertolus Julie , Rincón-Cortés Millie , Sullivan Regina M. , Mouly Anne-Marie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThroughout life, rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) when confronted with an aversive situation. However, the conditions classically used to elicit USV vary greatly with the animal’s age (isolation from the dam in infancy, versus nociceptive stimulation in adults). The present study is the first to characterize USV responses to the same aversive event throughout development. Specifically, infant, juvenile and adult rats were presented with mild foot-shocks and their USV frequency, duration, and relationship with respiration and behavior were compared. In juvenile and adult rats, a single class of USV is observed with an age-dependent main frequency and duration (30 kHz/400 ms in juveniles, 22 kHz/900 ms in adults). In contrast, infant rat USV were split into two classes with specific relationships with respiration and behavior: 40 kHz/300 ms and 66 kHz/21 ms. Next, we questioned if these infant USV were also emitted in a more naturalistic context by exposing pups to interactions with the mother treating them roughly. This treatment enhanced 40-kHz USV while leaving 66-kHz USV unchanged suggesting that the use of USV goes far beyond a signal studied in terms of amount of emission, and can inform us about some aspects of the infant’s affective state.
Myosin V: Chemomechanical-coupling ratchet with load-induced mechanical slip
Authors: Sumi Tomonari 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA chemomechanical-network model for myosin V is presented on the basis of both the nucleotide-dependent binding affinity of the head to an actin filament (AF) and asymmetries and similarity relations among the chemical transitions due to an intramolecular strain of the leading and trailing heads. The model allows for branched chemomechanical cycles and takes into account not only two different force-generating mechanical transitions between states wherein the leading head is strongly bound and the trailing head is weakly bound to the AF but also load-induced mechanical-slip transitions between states in which both heads are strongly bound. The latter is supported by the fact that ATP-independent high-speed backward stepping has been observed for myosin V, although such motility has never been for kinesin. The network model appears as follows: (1) the high chemomechanical-coupling ratio between forward step and ATP hydrolysis is achieved even at low ATP concentrations by the dual mechanical transitions; (2) the forward stepping at high ATP concentrations is explained by the front head-gating mechanism wherein the power stroke is triggered by the inorganic-phosphate (Pi) release from the leading head; (3) the ATP-binding or hydrolyzed ADP.Pi-binding leading head produces a stable binding to the AF, especially against backward loading.
Topological-insulator-based terahertz modulator
Authors: Wang X. B. , Cheng L. , Wu Y. , Zhu D. P. , Wang L. , Zhu Jian-Xin , Yang Hyunsoo , Chia Elbert E. M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThree dimensional topological insulators, as a new phase of quantum matters, are characterized by an insulating gap in the bulk and a metallic state on the surface. Particularly, most of the topological insulators have narrow band gaps, and hence have promising applications in the area of terahertz optoelectronics. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate an electronically-tunable terahertz intensity modulator based on Bi1:5Sb0:5Te1:8Se1:2 single crystal, one of the most insulating topological insulators. A relative frequency-independent modulation depth of ~62% over a wide frequency range from 0.3 to 1.4 THz has been achieved at room temperature, by applying a bias current of 100 mA. The modulation in the low current regime can be further enhanced at low temperature. We propose that the extraordinarily large modulation is a consequence of thermally-activated carrier absorption in the semiconducting bulk states. Our work provides a new application of topological insulators for terahertz technology.
SQUID-based detection of ultra-low-field multinuclear NMR of substances hyperpolarized using signal amplification by reversible exchange
Authors: Buckenmaier K. , Rudolph M. , Back C. , Misztal T. , Bommerich U. , Fehling P. , Koelle D. , Kleiner R. , Mayer H. A. , Scheffler K. , Bernarding J. , Plaumann M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUltra-low-field (ULF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a promising spectroscopy method allowing for, e.g., the simultaneous detection of multiple nuclei. To overcome the low signal-to-noise ratio that usually hampers a wider application, we present here an alternative approach to ULF NMR, which makes use of the hyperpolarizing technique signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE). In contrast to standard parahydrogen hyperpolarization, SABRE can continuously hyperpolarize 1 H as well as other MR-active nuclei. For simultaneous measurements of 1 H and 19 F under SABRE conditions a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based NMR detection unit was adapted. We successfully hyperpolarized fluorinated pyridine derivatives with an up to 2000-fold signal enhancement in 19 F. The detected signals may be explained by two alternative reaction mechanisms. SABRE combined with simultaneous SQUID-based broadband multinuclear detection may enable the quantitative analysis of multinuclear processes.
QTL analysis of four main stem bark traits using a GBS-SNP-based high-density genetic map in ramie
Authors: Liu Chan , Zhu Siyuan , Tang Shouwei , Wang Hongwu , Zheng Xia , Chen Xiaorong , Dai Qiuzhong , Liu Touming 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRamie fiber extracted from ramie stem bark (RSB) is a highly important natural fiber, and therefore, RSB is an economically important plant organ. The genetic basis of RSB traits is poorly understood. In the present study, fiber yield and three RSB traits (bark thickness, bark weight, and fiber output ratio) were subject to quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using an F2 agamous line population derived from two ramie varieties (Qingdaye and Zhongzhu 1). A total of 4338 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified using the genotyping-by-sequencing technique and were subsequently used to construct a high-density genetic map spanning 1942.9 cM. Thereafter, QTL analysis identified five, two, four, and four QTLs for bark thickness, bark weight, fiber output ratio, and fiber yield, respectively. A 5.1 cM region that corresponded to a QTL for bark thickness (qBT4a) contained 106 candidate genes, and the Zhongzhu 1 allele of one of the genes, a putative MYB gene (evm.model.scaffold7373.133_D1), included a 760-bp insertion that caused premature termination, thereby producing a protein that lacked part of the MYB domain. Because MYB transcription factors play central roles in regulating the development of secondary cellular walls and fiber biosynthesis, we propose evm.model.scaffold7373.133_D1 as a likely candidate gene for qBT4a.
In Vivo Neuromechanics: Decoding Causal Motor Neuron Behavior with Resulting Musculoskeletal Function
Authors: Sartori Massimo , Yavuz Utku Ş. , Farina Dario 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHuman motor function emerges from the interaction between the neuromuscular and the musculoskeletal systems. Despite the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying neural and mechanical functions, there is no relevant understanding of the neuro-mechanical interplay in the neuro-musculo-skeletal system. This currently represents the major challenge to the understanding of human movement. We address this challenge by proposing a paradigm for investigating spinal motor neuron contribution to skeletal joint mechanical function in the intact human in vivo. We employ multi-muscle spatial sampling and deconvolution of high-density fiber electrical activity to decode accurate α-motor neuron discharges across five lumbosacral segments in the human spinal cord. We use complete α-motor neuron discharge series to drive forward subject-specific models of the musculoskeletal system in open-loop with no corrective feedback. We perform validation tests where mechanical moments are estimated with no knowledge of reference data over unseen conditions. This enables accurate blinded estimation of ankle function purely from motor neuron information. Remarkably, this enables observing causal associations between spinal motor neuron activity and joint moment control. We provide a new class of neural data-driven musculoskeletal modeling formulations for bridging between movement neural and mechanical levels in vivo with implications for understanding motor physiology, pathology, and recovery.